bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The twin-beginnings of COVID-19 in Asia and Europe – One prevails quickly
Authors: Wu Chung-I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the spread of SARS-CoV-2, there have been multiple waves of replacement between strains, each of which having a distinct set of mutations. The first wave is a group of 4 mutations that includes D614G. This DG (D614G) group, fixed at the start of the pandemic, is the foundation of all subsequent waves of strains. Curiously, the DG group is nearly absent in early Asian samples but present (and likely common) in Europe from the beginning. Therefore, the European strains would have no time to evolve the 4 DG mutations (0 to 1) if they had come directly from the early Asian DG0000 strain. Very likely, the European DG1111 strain had acquired the highly adaptive DG mutations in the pre-pandemic Europe and had been spreading in parallel with the Asian strains. Two recent reports further support this twin-beginning interpretation. There was a period of two-way spread between Asia and Europe but, by April of 2020, the European strains had completely supplanted the Asian strains globally. This large-scale replacement of one set of mutations for another has since been replayed many times as COVID-19 progresses.
Predicting the Isotropic Volumetric Compression Response of Hydrating Cemented Paste Backfill (CPB)
Authors: jafari mohammadamin , Grabinsky Murray 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Deep and high-stress mining results in stress transfers onto the previously placed backfill, and mines have recorded several MPa induced backfill stress. Understanding the backfill-rock mass interaction is therefore critical. Previous work considered tabular ore bodies undergoing primarily one-dimensional compression and showed how the backfill reaction curves could be estimated from oedometer laboratory test results. This work considers massive orebodies and develops a similar approach based on isotropic compression curves. Isotropic compression tests exceeding 6 MPa are carried out on samples with 3.0–11.1% binder content, tested at 1-day cure time to 28-day cure time. The compression curve is characterized in three stages: initial elastic compression up to a yield point, followed by a transition stage to the start of a final stage with a linear post-yield compression line in \({\epsilon }_{v}-\text{l}\text{o}\text{g}\left({p}^{\text{'}}\right)\) space. Because these isotropic compression tests are rare (the reported results are the first for Cemented Paste Backfill), attempts are made to relate the isotropic compression test parameters to parameters from the more commonly used Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS) tests. Unifying equations as functions of binder content and cure time are found to determine the initial yield stress and the peak strength from UCS tests. These are then related to the corresponding parameters in isotropic compression. Finally, the slope of the post-yield compression line is found as a function of UCS, thereby enabling complete reconstruction of the isotropic compression response based on parameters from carefully controlled UCS tests, as functions of binder content and cure time. Although the calibrated parameters are specific to the studied mine’s materials, the framework is general and applicable to other mines’ CPBs.
Clinical Course and Characteristics of COVID-19 in Patients With Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Retrospective Multicenter Experience From Iran
Authors: Karimi Abdollah , Shokri Yousef , Jamee Mahnaz , Heidari Atefh , Nazarpack Fatemeh , Fallahi Mazdak , Shiari Reza , Sharifinejad Niusha , Mesdaghi Mehrnaz , Khalili Mitra , Armin Shahnaz , Ghanaie Roxana Mansour , Tabatabaei Sedigheh Rafiei , Fahimzad Seyed Alireza , Eslami Narges , Sharafian Samin , Mahdaviani Seyed Alireza , Nabavizadeh Seyed Hesamedin , Esmaeilzadeh Hossein , Kanannejad Zahra , Babaei Maryam , Mansouri Mahboubeh , Babaei Delara , Fallah Shahrzad , Fard Nasrin Khakbazan , Hashemimoghaddam Seyedeh Atefeh , Alyasin Soheila , Chavoshzadeh Zahra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose

This study aimed to assess the effect of COVID-19 on patients with IEIs, the potentially at-risk population, regarding the clinical course, complications, severity, and outcomes.
Methods

This two-phase study was conducted on patients from three referral immunodeficiency centers in Iran. At phase one, 98 IEI patients with COVID-19 infection were evaluated by telephone follow-up (TFU). At phase two, the demographic, clinical, and laboratory records of clinically confirmed 33 IEI patients with COVID-19 infection were collected and analyzed.
Results

At phase one, 16.3% represented COVID-19 infection without any report of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission or death. During the second phase, combined immunodeficiency (CID) (42.4%) and predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) (33.3%) were the predominant immune defects. Atopy (27.3%) and lung disorders (27.3%) were the frequent pre-existing comorbidities. Organomegaly (p=0.030) and renal disorders (p=0.033) were significantly associated with the development of respiratory insufficiency. Cyanosis, tachypnea, intercostal retraction, and seizure were the chief complaints of patients who were more likely to progress respiratory insufficiency (p<0.05), being admitted to the PICU (p<0.05), and/or deceased (p<0.05). Laboratory evaluation revealed a marked positive correlation between D-Dimer (p=0.045), prothrombin time (p=0.045), C-reactive protein (p=0.041), proteinuria (p=0.013), ferritin (p=0.020), metabolic acidosis (p=0.003), and troponin (p=0.049) level with mortality. We detected a significant association between the chest X-ray pattern of COVID-19 infection with PICU admission (p=0.023) and death (p=0.046).
Conclusion

In the current study, patients with CID and PAD were introduced as patients at high risk of COVID-19 infection, who may need extra protective and therapeutic measurements.
Determinants associated high-risk fertility behaviours among reproductive aged women in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rahman Md. Ashfikur 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The high prevalence of maternal high-risk fertility behaviour (HRFB) has multiple negative consequences for both the mother and the child. However, very few studies to date have been done on this issue, thus, we set out to determine the factors that increase the risk of HRFB in Bangladeshi women of reproductive age 15-49 years.
Methods

The study utilised the latest Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18 dataset. The Pearson's chi-square test was performed to determine the relationships between the outcome and the independent variables, while multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the potential determinants associated with HRFB.
Results

Overall 67.7% women had HRFB among them 45.6% were at single risk and 22.1% were at multiple high-risks. Women’s age (35-49 years: AOR=6.42 95% CI: 3.95-10.42 & 15-24 years: AOR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.03-1.38), practicing Islam (AOR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.18-7.58), having normal childbirth (AOR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.12-1.68), had more than three children (AOR=4.60, 95% CI: 4.14-6.15), unwanted pregnancy (AOR=9.98, 95% CI: 5.61-17.74) and not using birth control tools (AOR=1.33, 95% CI:1.14-1.55) were significantly associated with increasing risk of having HRFB. Alternatively, women and their partners’ higher education were associated with reducing HRFB.
Conclusion

A significant proportion of Bangladeshi women had high-risk fertility behaviour which is quite alarming. Therefore, the public health policy makers in Bangladesh should emphasis on this issue and design appropriate interventions to reduce the maternal HRFB.
Quantum aspects of chaos and complexity from bouncing cosmology: A study with two-mode single field squeezed state formalism
Authors: Bhargava Parth , Choudhury Sayantan , Chowdhury Satyaki , Mishara Anurag , Selvam Sachin Panneer , Panda Sudhakar , Pasquino Gabriel D. 
Published: October 2021

Circuit Complexity, a well known computational technique has recently become the backbone of the physics community to probe the chaotic behaviour and random quantum fluctuations of quantum fields. This paper is devoted to the study of out-of-equilibrium aspects and quantum chaos appearing in the universe from the paradigm of two well known bouncing cosmological solutions viz. Cosine hyperbolic and Exponential models of scale factors. Besides circuit complexity, we use the Out-of-Time Ordered correlation (OTOC) functions for probing the random behaviour of the universe both at early and the late times. In particular, we use the techniques of well known two-mode squeezed state formalism in cosmological perturbation theory as a key ingredient for the purpose of our computation. To give an appropriate theoretical interpretation that is consistent with the observational perspective we use the scale factor and the number of e-foldings as a dynamical variable instead of conformal time for this computation. From this study, we found that the period of post bounce is the most interesting one. Though it may not be immediately visible but an exponential rise can be seen in the complexity once the post bounce feature is extrapolated to the present time scales. We also find within the very small acceptable error range a universal connecting relation between Complexity computed from two different kinds of cost functionals-linearly weighted and geodesic weighted with the OTOC. Furthermore, from the complexity computation obtained from both the cosmological models under consideration and also using the well known Maldacena (M) Shenker (S) Stanford (S) bound on quantum Lyapunov exponent, \lambda\leq 2\pi/\betaλ≤2π/β for the saturation of chaos, we estimate the lower bound on the equilibrium temperature of our universe at the late time scale. Finally, we provide a rough estimation of the scrambling time scale in terms of the conformal time.
Variable fuzzy evaluation model for water resources carrying capacity in the Tarim River Basin, China
Authors: Meng Lihong , Liu Youcun , Ma Weijing , Wang Qingyun , Mo Xiaoli , Tian Jinming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As one of the regions of China with the most serious water-shortages, the shortage of water resources and ecological deterioration of the Tarim River Basin have increasingly attracted attention, and management and sustainable utilization of water resources rely mostly on the understanding of their carrying capacity. In the present study, the water resources carrying capacity of the Tarim River Basin was evaluated using a multi-dimensional perspective of natural, social and economic factors based on a variable fuzzy evaluation model for the 2018 hydroclimatic conditions. Evaluation model results rated Aksu, Kizilsu, Kashi and Hotan districts as grade 2, where current use and overexploitation of water resources have reached a relatively high level combined with a limited water resources carrying capacity. Bazhou district, where the water resources carrying capacity is relatively higher, was evaluated and rated as grade 1 by the model. It is urgent to put forward some strategies in order to protect and improve the water resources carrying capacity in the Tarim River Basin, which include promoting more efficient utilization of water conservation schemes, strengthening the long-term investment in environmental protection, improving the ratio of industrial wastewater treatment and reducing the industrial water quota. The results of the present study are aimed to be a beneficial guide in the planning and management of the Tarim River Basin water resources and possibly for other similar river basins.
Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor of Tyrosine Based on Chitosanβ-
Cyclodextrin/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Film
Authors: Bai Xiaopeng , Wu Ying , Deng Lili , Gong Li , Xu Tianchi , Song Wenbo , Feng Xun 
Published: October 2021

Background:
As a vital amino acid in the human body, tyrosine is indispensable in various biological processes, and therefore its accurate and simple determination is of crucial importance. In this work, a facile approach was developed to construct a molecularly imprinted sensor for tyrosine via co-electrodeposition of chitosan, β-cyclodextrin and tyrosine on the surface of indium tin oxide that was pre-coated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs).

Methods:
Benefitting from the excellent film-forming ability and the rich functional groups to form a hydrogen bond with target molecules, chitosan was utilized to form a recognition matrix. MWNTs and β-cyclodextrin were then introduced to enhance the selectivity and sensitivity to tyrosine, due to the subtle electronic, catalytic properties and possible π-π interaction of MWNTs with tyrosine, as well as recognition ability of β-cyclodextrin. The morphology of the imprinted films was characterized by a scanning electron microscope. The electrochemistry and tyrosine sensing performance were investigated in detail by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry.

Results:
Amperometry results showed that the imprinted sensor exhibited a linear range of 1.0×10−6 to 1.0×10−4 M and 1.0×10−4 to 1.0×10−3 M for tyrosine determination, with a detection limit of 6.0 × 10−7 M (S/N=3). Moreover, a satisfactory recovery in the range of 99.0% to 105.1% was obtained with the application of the imprinted sensor in artificial urine samples analysis.

Conclusion:
The imprinted electrode is reusable with satisfactory reproducibility and stability in tyrosine determination.
Stem Cells Treatment for Wilson Disease
Authors: Zheng Sujun , Tang Shan , Bai Li , Duan Zhongping 
Published: October 2021

:
Wilson Disease (WD) is a copper excretion disorder, mainly caused by mutations in the
ATP7B gene. Pharmacological therapies and liver transplantation are currently the main treatment
methods for WD, but they face problems such as drug treatment compliance, adverse reactions,
and shortage of liver donors. Stem cell therapy of WD may correct abnormal copper metabolism
permanently, which is the focus of current research. In this review, we summarized the latest research
on stem cells treatment for WD, as well as current challenges and future expectations.
Heterogeneous Gene Expression Cross-Evaluation of Robust Biomarkers Using Machine Learning Techniques Applied to Lung Cancer
Authors: Bajo-Morales Javier , Galvez Juan Manuel , Prieto-Prieto Juan Carlos , Herrera Luis Javier , Rojas Ignacio , Castillo-Secilla Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Background:Nowadays, gene expression analysis is one of the most promising pillars for understanding and uncovering the mechanisms underlying the development and spread of cancer. In this sense, Next Generation Sequencing technologies, such as RNA-Seq, are currently leading the market due to their precision and cost. Nevertheless, there is still an enormous amount of non-analyzed data obtained from older technologies, such as Microarray, which could still be useful to extract relevant knowledge.Methods:Throughout this research, a complete machine learning methodology to cross-evaluate the compatibility between both RNA-Seq and Microarray sequencing technologies is described and implemented. In order to show a real application of the designed pipeline, a lung cancer case study is addressed by considering two detected subtypes: adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Transcriptomic datasets considered for our study have been obtained from the public repositories NCBI/GEO, ArrayExpress and GDC-Portal. From them, several gene experiments have been carried out with the aim of finding gene signatures for these lung cancer subtypes, linked to both transcriptomic technologies. With these DEGs selected, intelligent predictive models capable of classifying new samples belonging to these cancer subtypes have been developed.Results:The predictive models built using one technology are capable of discerning samples from a different technology. The classification results are evaluated in terms of accuracy, F1-score and ROC curves along with AUC. Finally, the biological information of the gene sets obtained and their relationship with lung cancer are reviewed, encountering strong biological evidence linking them to the disease.Conclusion:Our method has the capability of finding strong gene signatures which are also independent of the transcriptomic technology used to develop the analysis. In addition, our article highlights the potential of using heterogeneous transcriptomic data to increase the amount of samples for the studies, increasing the statistical significance of the results.
Plasmonic Properties of Al2O3 Nanoshell with a Metallic Core
Authors: Katyal Jyoti 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Al is the promising candidate for deep UV and longer wavelength range plasmonic
applications. But it is difficult to have the pure aluminium nanostructure as it is easily oxidized,
forming a thin layer of Al2O3. In this paper, we have evaluated the field enhancement of oxide layer on
metallic shell (Al-Al2O3 and Au-Al2O3) for single and dimer core-shell configuration and showed potential
of the oxide layer in SERS.

Methods:
The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) has been used to evaluate the LSPR and field
enhancement of single and dimer Al-Al2O3 and Au- Al2O3 nanostructure.

Results:
The results exhibit the tunable plasmon resonance on varying the inner and outer radii of the
Al2O3 shell. A redshift and decrease in enhancement were observed as shell thickness increases, whereas
on increasing the core size, the enhancement increases in the case of Au-Al2O3 and decreases in Al-
Al2O3 due to quadrupole contribution. But on comparing the Au-Al2O3 with Al-Al2O3 for the same particle
size, Al-Al2O3 shows larger enhancement because Au has to compete with its interband transition.

Conclusion:
By optimizing the thickness of the shell and core size, it can be concluded that an ultrathin
shell of Al2O3 can give higher enhancement. With Al as a core metal, the enhancement increases as
compared to Au-Al2O3. Since a single Al-Al2O3 nanoshell has shown a huge enhancement we have
considered the multimer configuration of two identical nanoshells. Due to coupling between two
nanoshells a huge increase in enhancement factor ~1012 was observed for Al-Al2O3 dimer nanoshell in
the UV region.
Spectrally accurate option pricing under the time fractional Black-Scholes model
Authors: Tour Geraldine , Thakoor Nawdha , Tangman Désiré  Yannick 
Published: October 2021

We propose a Legendre–Laguerre spectral approximation to price the European and double barrier options in the time-fractional framework. By choosing an appropriate basis function, the spectral discretization is used for the approximation of the spatial derivatives of the time-fractional Black–Scholes equation. For the time discretization, we consider the popular \(L1\) finite difference approximation, which converges with order \(\mathcal{O}((\Delta \tau)^{2-\alpha})\) for functions which are twice continuously differentiable. However, when using the \(L1\) scheme for problems with nonsmooth initial data, only the first-order accuracy in time is achieved. This low-order accuracy is also observed when solving the time-fractional Black–Scholes European and barrier option pricing problems for which the payoffs are all nonsmooth. To increase the temporal convergence rate, we therefore consider a Richardson extrapolation method, which when combined with the spectral approximation in space, exhibits higher order convergence such that high accuracies over the whole discretization grid are obtained. Compared with the traditional finite difference scheme, numerical examples clearly indicate that the spectral approximation converges exponentially over a small number of grid points. Also, as demonstrated, such high accuracies can be achieved in much fewer time steps using the extrapolation approach.

doi:10.1017/S1446181121000286
Real-World Experience of mHealth Implementation in Clinical Practice (the Box): Design and Usability Study
Authors: Biersteker Tom , Hilt Alexander , van der Velde Enno , Schalij Martin Jan , Treskes Roderick Willem 
Published: October 2021

Background
Mobile health (mHealth) is an emerging field of scientific interest worldwide. Potential benefits include increased patient engagement, improved clinical outcomes, and reduced health care costs. However, mHealth is often studied in projects or trials, and structural implantation in clinical practice is less common.

Objective
The purpose of this paper is to outline the design of the Box and its implementation and use in an outpatient clinic setting. The impact on logistical outcomes and patient and provider satisfaction is discussed.

Methods
In 2016, an mHealth care track including smartphone-compatible devices, named the Box, was implemented in the cardiology department of a tertiary medical center in the Netherlands. Patients with myocardial infarction, rhythm disorders, cardiac surgery, heart failure, and congenital heart disease received devices to measure daily weight, blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, and oxygen saturation. In addition, professional and patient user comments on the experience with the care track were obtained via structured interviews.

Results
From 2016 to April 2020, a total of 1140 patients were connected to the mHealth care track. On average, a Box cost €350 (US $375), not including extra staff costs. The median patient age was 60.8 (IQR 52.9-69.3) years, and 73.59% (839/1140) were male. A median of 260 (IQR 105-641) measurements was taken on a median of 189 (IQR 98-372) days. Patients praised the ease of use of the devices and felt more involved with their illness and care. Professionals reported more productive outpatient consultations as well as improved insight into health parameters such as blood pressure and weight. A feedback loop from the hospital to patient to focus on measurements was commented as an important improvement by both patients and professionals.

Conclusions
In this study, the design and implementation of an mHealth care track for outpatient follow-up of patients with various cardiovascular diseases is described. Data from these 4 years indicate that mHealth is feasible to incorporate in outpatient management and is generally well-accepted by patients and providers. Limitations include the need for manual measurement data checks and the risk of data overload. Moreover, the tertiary care setting in which the Box was introduced may limit the external validity of logistical and financial end points to other medical centers. More evidence is needed to show the effects of mHealth on clinical outcomes and on cost-effectiveness.