bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muslims and climate change: How Islam, Muslim organizations, and religious leaders influence climate change perceptions and mitigation activities
Authors: Koehrsen Jens 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA growing body of research stresses the importance of religion in understanding and addressing climate change. However, so far, little is known about the relationship between Muslim communities and climate change. Globally, Muslims constitute the second largest faith group, and there is a strong concentration of Muslims in regions that are particularly affected by global warming. This review synthesizes existing research about climate change and Muslim communities. It addresses (a) Islamic environmentalism, (b) Muslim perceptions of climate change, and (c) mitigation strategies of Muslim communities. The analysis shows that there is no uniform interpretation of climate change among Muslims. Based on their interpretations of Islam, Muslims have generated different approaches to climate change. A small section of Muslim environmentalists engages in public campaigning to raise greater concern about climate change, seeks to reduce carbon emissions through sociotechnological transition efforts, and disseminates proenvironmental interpretations of Islam. However, it remains unclear to what extent these activities generate broader changes in the daily activities of Muslim communities and organizations. Contributions to this research field are often theoretical and stress theological and normative aspects of Islam. Empirical studies have particularly addressed Indonesia and the United Kingdom, whereas knowledge about Muslim climate activism in other world regions is fragmented. Against this backdrop, there is a need for comparative studies that consider regional and religious differences among Muslims and address the role of Muslim environmentalism in climate change mitigation and adaptation at the international, national, and local scales.This article is categorized under:
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
Exceptional nonrelativistic effective field theories with enhanced symmetries
Authors: Brauner Tomáš 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We initiate the classification of nonrelativistic effective field theories (EFTs) for Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons, possessing a set of redundant, coordinate-dependent symmetries. Similarly to the relativistic case, such EFTs are natural candidates for “exceptional” theories, whose scattering amplitudes feature an enhanced soft limit, that is, scale with a higher power of momentum at long wavelengths than expected based on the mere presence of Adler’s zero. The starting point of our framework is the assumption of invariance under spacetime translations and spatial rotations. The setup is nevertheless general enough to accommodate a variety of nontrivial kinematical algebras, including the Poincaré, Galilei (or Bargmann) and Carroll algebras. Our main result is an explicit construction of the nonrelativistic versions of two infinite classes of exceptional theories: the multi-Galileon and the multi-flavor Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) theories. In both cases, we uncover novel Wess-Zumino terms, not present in their relativistic counterparts, realizing nontrivially the shift symmetries acting on the NG fields. We demonstrate how the symmetries of the Galileon and DBI theories can be made compatible with a nonrelativistic, quadratic dispersion relation of (some of) the NG modes.
A fully basis invariant symmetry map of the 2HDM
Authors: Bento Miguel P. , Boto Rafael , Silva João P. , Trautner Andreas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for all global symmetries of the most general two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) scalar potential entirely in terms of reparametrization independent, i.e. basis invariant, objects. This culminates in what we call a “Symmetry Map” of the parameter space of the model and the fundamental insight that there are, in general, two algebraically distinct ways of how symmetries manifest themselves on basis invariant objects: either, basis invariant objects can be non-trivially related, or, basis covariant objects can vanish. These two options have different consequences on the resulting structure of the ring of basis invariants and on the number of remaining physical parameters. Alongside, we derive for the first time necessary and sufficient conditions for CP conservation in the 2HDM entirely in terms of CP-even quantities. This study lays the methodological foundation for analogous investigations of global symmetries in all other models that have unphysical freedom of reparametrization, most notably the Standard Model flavor sector.
Modified Reynolds Equation for Steady Flow Through a Curved Pipe
Authors: Ghosh A. , Kozlov V. A. , Nazarov S. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA Reynolds equation governing the steady flow of a fluid through a curvilinear, narrow tube, with its derivation from Navier–Stokes equations through asymptotic methods is presented. The channel considered may have a rather large curvature and torsion. Approximations of the velocity and the pressure of the fluid inside the channel are constructed by artificially imposing appropriate boundary conditions at the inlet and the outlet. A justification for the approximations is provided along with a comparison with a simpler case.
Der querschnittgelähmte Patient – Besonderheiten der viszeralchirurgischen Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Seifert Julia , Böthig Ralf , Wolter Stefan , Izbicki Jakob R. , Thietje Roland , Tachezy Michael 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Patienten mit einer Querschnittlähmung entwickeln syndromspezifische, viszeralchirurgisch relevante Krankheitsbilder, die im Rahmen des akuten spinalen Schocks auftreten können oder Folge der zumeist progredienten neurogenen Darmfunktionsstörung (NBD) mit Ausbildung eines Colon elongatum und/oder Megakolons sind. Auch die akuten abdominalchirurgischen Notfälle, wie akute Appendizitis, Cholezystitis, Divertikultis oder Ileusbilder, stellen den Kliniker bei untypischer oder teils fehlender Klinik vor diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderungen. Einen zunehmenden Stellenwert nimmt die Ausweitung adipositaschirurgischer Indikationen auf Patienten mit einer Querschnittlähmung ein

Ziel der Arbeit
Dieser Artikel soll einen Überblick über die speziellen Anforderungen und Aspekte in der Behandlung dieses speziellen Patientenkollektivs geben und die Evidenz querschnittspezifischer viszeralchirurgischer Behandlungen aufzeigen.

Material und Methoden
Es wurde eine selektive Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken Medline und Cochrane Library in deutscher und englischer Sprache (1985–2020) durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Die klinische Behandlung querschnittgelähmter Patienten erfordert einen profunden Kenntnisstand über die pathophysiologischen Veränderungen bei unterschiedlicher Querschnitthöhe (oberes vs. unteres motorisches Neuron) und die Phasen der Erkrankung (spinaler Schock vs. Langzeitverlauf). Fehlende oder atypische klinische Symptome akuter Erkrankungen verzögern eine rasche Diagnosefindung und machen eine frühzeitige Durchführung gezielter Diagnostik unabdingbar. Die Evidenz der chirurgischen Behandlung der akuten und chronischen Folgen der NBD ist gering und basiert auf Fallserien und „case reports“ ebenso wie die für spezielle Indikationen wie adipositaschirurgische Eingriffe.
Management einer chronischen vorderen, verhakten Schulterluxation während des COVID-19-Lockdowns
Authors: Tenfelde Oliver , Imach Sebastian , Kappel Paola , Wafaisade Arasch 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird der Fall einer chronisch verhakten vorderen Schulterluxation bei einem 25-jährigen, geistig retardierten Patienten geschildert, welcher während des ersten COVID-19-Lockdowns eine verspätete orthopädisch-fachärztliche Versorgung erhielt. Die Therapie bestand in der offenen Reposition mittels Tuberculum-minus-Osteotomie, einer Auffüllung des Hill-Sachs-Defekts sowie einer knöchernen Glenoidaugmentation, jeweils mit autologem trikortikalem Beckenkammspan. Die hierzulande seltene Verletzung zeigt in Ländern mit erschwertem Zugang zum Gesundheitssystem eine höhere Inzidenz mit hochgradiger Funktionseinschränkung.
Locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma with jaundice: the benefit of a sequential treatment with stenting followed by CT-guided 125I seeds implantation
Authors: Chen Chao , Wang Wei , Wang Wujie , Wang Yongzheng , Yu Zhe , Li Yuliang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the role of sequential therapy with percutaneous biliary stenting and CT-guided iodine-125 seed implantation for locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma with concomitant obstructive jaundice.

Methods
Between January 2016 and December 2018, 42 patients diagnosed with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma with concomitant obstructive jaundice were enrolled retrospectively. All patients received biliary stenting via percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) to alleviate obstructive jaundice. Thereafter, twenty-two patients underwent CT-guided iodine-125 seed implantation (treatment group), and 20 did not (control group). The prescribed dose in the treatment group was 110–130 Gy. The clinical data, duration of biliary stent patency, and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.

Results
Overall, the total bilirubin level decreased from 275.89 ± 115.44 to 43.08 ± 43.35 μmol/L (p < 0.001) 1 month after percutaneous biliary stenting. In the treatment group, the postoperative median dose covering 90% of the target volume was 129.71 Gy. Compared with the control group, the treatment group had a long mean duration of biliary stent patency and median OS (11.42 vs. 8.57 months, p < 0.01; 11.67 vs. 9.40 months, p < 0.01, respectively). The overall positive response rates 6 months post-treatment in the treatment and control groups were 72.7% (16/22) and 30% (6/20), respectively. Adverse events of more than grade 3 were not observed during the follow-up.

Conclusion
Sequential therapy with percutaneous biliary stenting and CT-guided iodine-125 seed implantation is an effective and safe treatment alternative for locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma with concomitant obstructive jaundice, which is worthy of clinical application.

Key Points
• Obstructive jaundice was alleviated after biliary stent placement in all patients, and the total bilirubin level decreased.
• The overall positive response rates at 6 months post-treatment were higher in the treatment group than in the control group, and adverse events of more than grade 3 were not observed during the follow-up period.
• Sequential therapy with percutaneous biliary stenting and CT-guided iodine-125 seed implantation can prolong biliary stent patency and improve survival.
Scale-invariant localization using quasi-semantic object landmarks
Authors: Holliday Andrew , Dudek Gregory 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis work presentsObject Landmarks, a new type of visual feature designed for visual localization over major changes in distance and scale. AnObject Landmarkconsists of a bounding box$${\mathbf {b}}$$bdefining an object, a descriptor$${\mathbf {q}}$$qof that object produced by a Convolutional Neural Network, and a set of classical point features within$${\mathbf {b}}$$b. We evaluateObject Landmarkson visual odometry and place-recognition tasks, and compare them against several modern approaches. We find thatObject Landmarksenable superior localization over major scale changes, reducing error by as much as 18% and increasing robustness to failure by as much as 80% versus the state-of-the-art. They allow localization under scale change factors up to 6, where state-of-the-art approaches break down at factors of 3 or more.
Standard and Non-standard Suppositions and Presuppositions
Authors: Kasjanowicz Maja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that the distinction between standard and non-standard pragmatic implications, originally used to differentiate among types of conversational implicatures, applies to the family of contents—traditionally referred to as ‘presuppositions’—that exhibit projective behaviour. Following the scholars working within the Question Under Discussion model of communication, I distinguish between two types of projective implications: suppositions and presuppositions narrowly construed. Next, I identify two rules of appropriateness that govern the use of, respectively, supposition-triggering and presupposition-triggering expressions. Finally, I argue that the ostentatious violation of the rules in question gives rise to non-standard projective implications, whereas their observance results in standard suppositions and presuppositions; I also use the idea of discourse coherence to develop a sketchy account of the mechanisms underlying the functioning of non-standard projective implications.
The evolution of episodic-like memory: the importance of biological and ecological constraints
Authors: van Woerkum Bas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA persisting question in the philosophy of animal minds is which nonhuman animals share our capacity for episodic memory (EM). Many authors address this question by primarily defining EM, trying to capture its seemingly unconstrained flexibility and independence from environmental and bodily constraints. EM is therefore often opposed to clearly context-bound capacities like tracking environmental regularities and forming associations. The problem is that conceptualizing EM in humans first, and then reconstructing how humans evolved this capacity, provides little constraints for understanding the evolution of memory abilities in other species: it defines “genuine” EM as independent from animals’ evolved sensorimotor setup and learning abilities. In this paper, I define memory in terms of perceptual learning: remembering means “knowing (better) what to do in later situations because of past experience in similar earlier situations”. After that, I explain how episodic memory can likewise be explained in terms of perceptual learning. For this, we should consider that the information in animals’ ecological niches is much richer than has hitherto been presumed. Accordingly, instead of asking “given that environmental stimuli provide insufficient information about the cache, what kind of representation does the jay need?” we ask “given that the animal performs in this way, what kind of information is available in the environment?” My aim is not to give a complete alternative explanation of EM; rather, it is to provide conceptual and methodological tools for more zoocentric comparative EM-research.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life and emotional wellbeing in patients with bone metastases treated with radiotherapy: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Bartels M. M. T. J. , Gal R. , van der Velden J. M. , Verhoeff J. J. C. , Verlaan J. J. , Verkooijen H. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImplementation of COVID-19 measures may have induced concerns about access and quality of health care for cancer patients with bone metastases, and it may have affected their quality of life. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the first COVID-19 lockdown on quality of life and emotional functioning of patients with stage IV cancer treated for painful bone metastases in the UMC Utrecht, the Netherlands. A COVID-19 specific questionnaire was sent to active participants in the Prospective Evaluation of interventional StudiEs on boNe meTastases (PRESENT) cohort, consisting of patients irradiated for metastatic bone disease. Patient reported outcomes (PROs) were compared with the last two PROs collected within the PRESENT cohort before the COVID-19 lockdown in the Netherlands on the 16th of March. For the 169 (53%) responders, median age at start of lockdown was 68 years (range 38–92) and 62% were male. Patients reported a statistically significant decrease in emotional functioning (83.6 to 79.2, P = 0.004) and in general quality of life score during the COVID-19 lockdown (72.4 to 68.7, P = 0.007). A steep increase in feeling isolated was reported (18% before and 67% during lockdown). This study has shown a strong increase in the experience of isolation and a decrease of emotional functioning and general quality of life during the COVID-19 lockdown in cancer patients with bone metastases. Due to the nature of the treatment of this patient population, efforts should be made to minimize these changes during future lockdowns.
R&D Investments in Markets with Network Effects
Authors: Knauff Małgorzata , Karbowski Adam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider process R&D investments of firms in markets with network effects and incomplete product compatibility. Our results indicate that network effects increase the firms’ individual investments in R&D. The presence of network effects weakens the positive impact of R&D cooperation on firms’ R&D investments. Further, we show that R&D competition can bring socially optimal level of investment, and this is not possible in markets without network effects. Finally, our results suggest that innovation policy oriented at promoting R&D cooperation between enterprises can be counterproductive in markets with network effects and incomplete product compatibility.
Nonlinear Young Differential Equations: A Review
Authors: Galeati Lucio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNonlinear Young integrals have been first introduced in Catellier and Gubinelli (Stoch Process Appl 126(8):2323–2366, 2016) and provide a natural generalisation of classical Young ones, but also a versatile tool in the pathwise study of regularisation by noise phenomena. We present here a self-contained account of the theory, focusing on wellposedness results for abstract nonlinear Young differential equations, together with some new extensions; convergence of numerical schemes and nonlinear Young PDEs are also treated. Most results are presented for general (possibly infinite dimensional) Banach spaces and without using compactness assumptions, unless explicitly stated.
Preparation of multi-purpose radon emanation sources
Authors: Jobbágy Viktor , Marouli Maria , Stroh Heiko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this work was to prepare reference radon emanation sources traceable to primary standards to be used for radon-in-air as well as radon-in-water experiments. The feasibility of making stable radon emanation sources by drop deposition and chemisorption was studied. Experimental emanation coefficients for sources made by drop deposition and chemisorption ranged from 0.10 to 0.74 and from 0.18 to 0.25, respectively. These relatively low emanation coefficient values suggest that further method developments would be desirable. Proposals are made to improve chemisorption yield during source preparation and to obtain more accurate measurements on radon emanation coefficient.
Innate Immunity Communicates Using the Language of Extracellular Microvesicles
Authors: Ratajczak Mariusz Z. , Ratajczak Janina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe innate immunity system and extracellular microvesicles (ExMVs) both emerged early in the evolution of life, which is why its innate immunity cellular arm and its soluble-component arm learned, understood, and adapted to the “language” of ExMVs. This was most likely the first language of cell–cell communication during evolution, which existed before more specific intercellular crosstalk involving specific ligands and receptors emerged. ExMVs are involved in several processes in the body, including immune and coagulation responses, which are part of inflammation. In this review we will briefly highlight what is known about how ExMVs regulate the function of the cellular arm of innate immunity, including macrophages, monocytes, granulocytes, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, and affect the soluble components of this system, which consists of the complement cascade (ComC) and soluble, circulating, pattern-recognition receptors (collectins, ficolins, and pentaxrins). These effects are direct, due to the fact that ExMVs affect the biological functions of innate immunity cells and may directly interact with soluble components of this system. Moreover, by activating coagulation proteases, ExMVs may also indirectly activate the ComC. In this review, we will use the term “extracellular microvesicles” (ExMVs) to refer to these small, spheroidal blebs of different sizes, which are surrounded by a membrane lipid layer. We will focus on the role of both ExMVs released during cell-surface membrane budding and smaller ExMVs, known as exosomes, which are derived from the budding of the endosomal membrane compartment. Finally, we will provide a brief update on the potential therapeutic applications of ExMVs, with a special emphasis on innate immunity.
Graphical Abstract
Digitalisation before and after the Covid-19 crisis
Authors: Härmand Kai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStates all over the world have quickly amended legislation in order to help businesses conduct their activities remotely and online. In this article, we will see examples of existing rules concerning annual general meetings being better implemented (in Italy), of legislation being amended with temporary rules (in Germany) and of political momentum being used to bring about fundamental changes (in Estonia).This article provides a brief overview of how changes have been made in order to allow virtual annual general meetings in different countries and what kind of changes were made, and also provides a somewhat deeper look at Estonia’s new legislation concerning remote notarial transactions, online annual meetings and digital infrastructure.
Identification BCL6 and miR-30 family associating with Ibrutinib resistance in activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Li Jiazheng , Huang Yan , Zhang Yun , Wen Jingjing , Chen Yanxin , Wang Lingyan , Jiang Peifang , Hu Jianda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIbrutinib has clear efficacy for activated B-cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) in previous clinical researches. However, the resistance of Ibrutinib has limited its therapeutic benefit and the potential mechanism remains unclear. This study was aimed to identify potential candidate genes and miRNA targets to overcome Ibrutinib resistance in ABC-DLBCL. First, two expression profiles were downloaded from the GEO database, which used to identify the DEGs related to Ibrutinib resistance in ABC-DLBCL cell lines by GEO2R analysis separately. And the common DEGs were obtained though Venn diagram. Then Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis were conducted by DAVID database. From STRING database,BCL6,IL10,IL2RB,IRF4,CD80,PRDM1andGZMBwere determined to be the hub genes by protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Through miRNA-mRNA targeting network, we found thatBCL6,IRF4,CD80, andPRDM1were common target genes of miR-30 family. The cBioPortal database showed thatBCL6had the highest level of genetic alterations among DLBCL. In addition, another expression profile from GEO database showed thatBCL6was significantly high expression in no responsive patients after Ibrutinib treatment, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve which was used to evaluate the relationship betweenBCL6expression and its effect was 0.67. MTT assay showed that treatment with FX1 (aBCL6inhibitor) can enhance the sensitivity of Ibrutinib in C481S BTK HBL-1 cells. The results suggested thatBCL6and miR-30 family maybe associate with Ibrutinib resistance in ABC-DLBCL.