bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double‐layered SnO2/NH4Cl‐SnO2 for efficient planar perovskite solar cells with improved operational stability
Authors: Song Peiquan , Shen Lina , Zheng Lingfang , Liu Kaikai , Tian Wanjia , Chen Jingfu , Luo Yujie , Tian Chengbo , Xie Liqiang , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTin oxide (SnO2) is widely used as an electron transport layer (ETL) to fabricate planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their easy and low‐temperature processed fabrication. Enhancing carrier extraction and energy level alignment at the perovskite/SnO2 interface is vital to improve the device performance further. Here, we demonstrate a double‐layered SnO2/ NH4Cl‐SnO2 as an efficient ETL. The top NH4Cl‐SnO2 shows a better energy level alignment with the perovskite and reduced alkalinity to avoid perovskite degradation, resulting in enhanced electron extraction efficiency and interfacial stability. Furthermore, the bottom SnO2 retains the capability of efficient carrier transport to avoid charge accumulation. As a result, we achieve a champion device with a power conversion efficiency of 21.01% and negligible hysteresis. Moreover, the corresponding PSCs show much improved operational stability, retaining 80% of the initial efficiency after 1090 hours of operation at the maximum power point under 1‐sun illumination. While the pristine SnO2 based PSCs only insist on 278 hours before losing 20% of the initial efficiency.
Investigation of anxiety and depressive disorders and psychiatric medication use before and after cancer diagnosis
Authors: Lee Min‐Jing , Huang Chien‐Wei , Lee Chuan‐Pin , Kuo Ting‐Yu , Fang Yu‐Hung , Chin‐Hung Chen Vincent , Yang Yao‐Hsu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveData regarding the prevalence of depression and anxiety among cancer patients, especially before cancer diagnosis, remains scarce. This study investigated the prevalence of these conditions and associated drug use among cancer patients pre‐ and post‐diagnosis.MethodsThis population‐based cohort study using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database recruited patients with a registered cancer diagnosis and matched control between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2011. We compared the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders between cancer patients and non‐cancer participants during a 2‐year period both pre‐ and post‐diagnosis by Pearson's chi‐square test. Psychiatric medication use was also examined for the associated mental condition.ResultsWe examined participants diagnosed with liver (N = 17,154), colorectal (N = 30,391), breast (N = 40,036), gynecological (N = 23,218), and lung (N = 15,671) cancer. Before the cancer diagnosis, the prevalence of depression was higher in non‐cancer participants than in gynecological cancer patients (p = 0.018) but anxiety is higher in liver, colorectal, and lung cancer patients when compared to non‐cancer participants (p < 0.05). After the cancer diagnosis, the prevalence of anxiety and depression became significantly higher in all enrolled cancer patients than non‐cancer participants (p < 0.05). Similar results were observed in psychiatric medication use trends.ConclusionsThis study proposed that patients with liver, colorectal, and lung cancer had an increased risk of developing anxiety, which might be a sentinel diagnosis. The participants had a significantly higher level of anxiety and depressive disorder post‐diagnosis, which highlights the importance of the care for both mental and physical conditions in cancer management.
Phenyl imidazolidin‐2‐ones antagonize a β‐adrenergic‐like octopamine receptor in diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella)
Authors: Deng Xi‐le , Guo Lei , Ma Hai‐hao , Hu Xue‐ping , Zhou Xiao‐mao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is one of the most destructive lepidopteran pests on cruciferous vegetables. However, resistance has emerged to current chemical and biological insecticides used for P. xylostella control, indicating the necessity of screening new targets on P. xylostella, and finding new insecticides against P. xylostella. In particular, octopamine receptors are representative G protein‐coupled receptors found only in invertebrates and are potential targets for identifying novel insecticides.RESULTSA β‐adrenergic‐like octopamine receptor gene (PxOA2B1) was cloned, and its pharmacological characteristics in P. xylostella were studied. The results demonstrated that octopamine could activate the PxOA2B1 receptor, with a half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 49.5 nm. Amitraz, an insecticide and acaricide, and its metabolite (N‐2,4‐dimethylphenyl‐N′‐methylformamidine; DPMF) were also found to act as PxOAB1R agonists. We synthesized phenyl imidazolidin‐2‐one derivatives 3a–h using DPMF as the lead compound, and compounds 3a–h showed similar antagonist activities as phentolamine, mianserin and chlorpromazine. In particular, 3d, with an EC50 of 25.2 nm, showed very similar antagonist activity to mianserin.CONCLUSIONThis research found that PxOAB1R might be a potential target for P. xylostella control. Phenyl imidazolidin‐2‐ones could be novel potential antagonists targeted at octopamine receptors and would be useful tools for the design and development of novel insecticides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Scale and zonation effects on internal migration indicators in the United Kingdom
Authors: Chatagnier Stephane , Stillwell John 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConsistent data from the last two population censuses in the United Kingdom are utilised in this paper to compare migration intensity and impact between two 1‐year periods and to identify the scale and zonation effects on the selected migration indicators. The picture of change that emerges is one of declining migration intensities and a diminution in the distribution of migrants from urban to rural areas, with the exception of students and young workers whose net migration losses from rural areas are increasing and whose migration effectiveness is increasing. Scale effects are more apparent for migration intensity than effectiveness, the two components of the aggregate net migration rate, whereas zonation effects are relatively unimportant across scale for intensity but become more significant as zones become larger for effectiveness.
Energy states, oscillator strengths and polarizabilities of many electron atoms confined by an impenetrable spherical cavity
Authors: Yakar Yusuf , Çakır Bekir , Demir Celalettin , Özmen Ayhan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe have calculated the ground and excited state energies and the orbital energies of three‐electron atoms inside impenetrable spherical cavity. Energy eigenvalues and wavefunctions are calculated from the variational approximation method which is a combination of quantum genetic algorithm procedure and Hartree–Fock Roothaan method. In addition, the important parameters such as static and dynamic polarizability, oscillator strength and pressure have been investigated as perturbative. The results reveal that cavity radius and impurity charge have played an important role on the polarizability, the oscillator strength and pressure of the system. In addition, it is seen that when cavity radius is extremely large, all energies and the other physical parameters approach the values of a free space atom. As the dot radius decreases, the polarizability of system decreases due to the strong spatial confinement, but the pressure exerting on the system as the cavity radius R is shrunk increases. In addition, as the impurity charge increases, the oscillator strength decreases.
Cooperative fencing control of multiple second‐order vehicles for a moving target with and without velocity measurements
Authors: Kou Liwei , Huang Yi , Chen Zhiyong , He Shiming , Xiang Ji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article studies the moving‐target‐fencing problem of multiple second‐order vehicles, where the target moves with an unknown constant velocity. Without a predefined stand‐off distance or formation, two classes of local cooperative controllers are proposed with and without velocity measurements. Specifically, the first controller uses the relative position information from the target and vehicle's neighbors, as well as the vehicle's velocity measurement, while the second controller relaxes the common requirement of velocity measurement of the vehicles. It is proved that both controllers simultaneously assure target fencing, collision avoidance, and velocity convergence. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to verify the efficacy of the proposed controllers.
Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Mitigate Acute Radiation Syndrome by the Rescue of Damaged Bone Marrow Cells from Apoptosis
Authors: Chinnapaka Somaiah , Yang Katherine S. , Samadi Yasamin , Epperly Michael W. , Hou Wen , Greenberger Joel S. , Ejaz Asim , Rubin J. Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcute radiation syndrome (ARS) is the radiation toxicity that can affect the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems upon accidental radiation exposure within a short time. Currently, there are no effective and safe approaches to treat mass population exposure to ARS. Our study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for total body irradiation (TBI)-induced ARS and understand the underlying mitigation mechanism. We employed 9.25 Gy TBI dose to C57BL/6 mice and studied the effect of allogeneic ASCs on mice survival and regeneration of the hematopoietic system. Our results indicate that intraperitoneal-injected ASCs migrated to the bone marrow, rescued hematopoiesis, and improved the survival of irradiated mice. Our transwell coculture results confirmed the migration of ASCs to irradiated bone marrow and rescue hematopoietic activity. Furthermore, contact coculture of ASCs improved the survival and hematopoiesis of irradiated bone marrow in vitro. Irradiation results in DNA damage, upregulation of inflammatory signals, and apoptosis in bone marrow cells, while coculture with ASCs reduces apoptosis via activation of DNA repair and the antioxidation system. Upon exposure to irradiated bone marrow cells, ASCs secrete prosurvival and hematopoietic factors, such as GM-CSF, MIP1α, MIP1β, LIX, KC, 1P-10, Rantes, IL-17, MCSF, TNFα, Eotaxin, and IP-10, which reduces oxidative stress and rescues damaged bone marrow cells from apoptosis. Our findings suggest that allogeneic ASCs therapy is effective in mitigating TBI-induced ARS in mice and may be beneficial for clinical adaptation to treat TBI-induced toxicities. Further studies will help to advocate the scale-up and adaptation of allogeneic ASCs as the radiation countermeasure.
Behavioral dynamics of COVID‐19: estimating underreporting, multiple waves, and adherence fatigue across 92 nations
Authors: Rahmandad Hazhir , Lim Tse Yang , Sterman John 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEffective responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic require integrating behavioral factors such as risk‐driven contact reduction, improved treatment, and adherence fatigue with asymptomatic transmission, disease acuity, and hospital capacity. We build one such model and estimate it for all 92 nations with reliable testing data. Cumulative cases and deaths through 22 December 2020 are estimated to be 7.03 and 1.44 times official reports, yielding an infection fatality rate (IFR) of 0.51 percent, which has been declining over time. Absent adherence fatigue, cumulative cases would have been 47 percent lower. Scenarios through June 2021 show that modest improvement in responsiveness could reduce cases and deaths by about 14 percent, more than the impact of vaccinating half of the population by that date. Variations in responsiveness to risk explain two orders of magnitude difference in per‐capita deaths despite reproduction numbers fluctuating around one across nations. A public online simulator facilitates scenario analysis over the coming months. © 2021 System Dynamics Society.
Security and provenance for Internet of Health Things: A systematic literature review
Authors: Bai Baogang , Nazir Shah , Bai Yuhe , Anees Amir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInternet of Health Things (IoHT) is an extension of the Internet of Things (IoT), which plays an important role in the observation, consultation, monitoring, and treatment process of remote exchange data processes in healthcare. The integration, computation, and interoperability are facilitated through various sensors, controllers, and actuators. Security is considered as one of the important factors for the communication of these devices to smoothly run the activities of healthcare. The current literature associated to the security of IoHT cover diverse aspects, though there is dire need of the knowledge, which can thoroughly show the review of current state‐of‐the‐art work in a systematic way. To overcome this limitation, the planned study offerings a systematic literature review (SLR) for the IoHT security and provenance. This review will support researchers to take benefit from the present literature and devise novel solutions considering the current study as evidence in IoHT. This paper focused on the security analysis and provenance for the IoHT and answering the defined questions in the current study.
Multiple scattering of flexural waves on Mindlin plates with circular scatterers
Authors: Kinoshita Yohei , Biwa Shiro , Wang Zuowei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe multiple scattering of flexural waves on an elastic plate with circular scatterers is analyzed in the frequency domain based on the Mindlin plate theory accounting for the rotary inertia and shear deformation of the plate. To this purpose, a semi‐analytical numerical method is formulated as an extension of the previous study based on the Kirchhoff plate theory. It consists of expressing the flexural wave field in terms of the superposition of the wave function expansion, and determining the expansion coefficients by a collocation technique. As demonstrative examples, the transmission of a plane flexural wave across a square array of circular through‐thickness holes or thin‐plate inclusions is analyzed using the proposed method. The comparison between the results based on the Mindlin and Kirchhoff theories is shown for the case of multiple holes. The analysis shows that the transmission amplitude of the flexural wave is reduced at certain frequencies due to the Bragg reflection by the inclusions. In the case of thin‐plate inclusions, the resonance of the inclusions also brings about a sharp decrease of the transmission amplitude.
Captive breeding challenges posed by Malaysian and Bornean Peacock‐pheasants (Polyplectron malacense and P. schleiermacheri)
Authors: Corder John , Davison Geoffrey 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe describe unique reproductive features of two threatened Galliformes species, the Malaysian peacock‐pheasant (Polyplectron malacense) and Bornean peacock‐pheasant (P. schleiermacheri). These features pose challenges to successful captive breeding to build up sustainable populations for conservation purposes. Single egg clutches in both species mean that reproductive rates are low and population increase is slow. The very rounded eggs of Bornean Peacock‐pheasant cause difficulties for egg orientation in incubators. Single chicks with special requirements are poorly suited to rearing by broody bantams and successful husbandry requires increased human time, commitment, and skills.
Kaluza-Klein fermion mass matrices from exceptional field theory and $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 spectra
Authors: Cesàro Mattia , Varela Oscar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Using Exceptional Field Theory, we determine the infinite-dimensional mass matrices for the gravitino and spin-1/2 Kaluza-Klein perturbations above a class of anti-de Sitter solutions of M-theory and massive type IIA string theory with topologically-spherical internal spaces. We then use these mass matrices to compute the spectrum of Kaluza-Klein fermions about some solutions in this class with internal symmetry groups containing SU(3). Combining these results with previously known bosonic sectors of the spectra, we give the complete spectrum about some $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 and some non-supersymmetric solutions in this class. The complete spectra are shown to enjoy certain generic features.
Implementierung und Evaluation einer Telefonhotline zur professionellen Ersthilfe bei psychischen Belastungen durch die COVID-19-Pandemie in Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Vonderlin Ruben , Biermann Miriam , Konrad Michael , Klett Martin , Kleindienst Nikolaus , Bailer Josef , Lis Stefanie , Bohus Martin 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die COVID-19-Pandemie stellt für viele Menschen eine deutliche psychische Belastung dar, für deren Bewältigung gerade während der ersten Welle der Pandemie sofort verfügbare professionelle Ansprechpartner fehlten.

Ziel der Arbeit
In Baden-Württemberg wurde unter Federführung des Ministeriums für Soziales und Integration im April 2020 eine Telefonhotline zur psychologischen Ersthilfe bei Corona-assoziierten Problemen implementiert, für die gesamte Bevölkerung geöffnet und evaluiert.

Material und Methoden
Im Zeitraum vom 22.04. bis zum 24.07.2020 nahmen 753 ehrenamtliche, psychotherapeutisch ausgebildete Berater*innen unterschiedlicher Berufsgruppen insgesamt 8096 Anrufe entgegen.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden vor allem Depressions- (36 %), Angst- (18 %) und psychotische Symptome (19 %) berichtet. Dabei stand jeder zweite Anruf im Zusammenhang mit einer vorbestehenden psychischen Erkrankung. In den durchschnittlich 25-minütigen Beratungsgesprächen wurde eine Vielzahl psychologischer Akutinterventionen durchgeführt. Beim Vorliegen einer unklaren Symptomatik, psychotischer Symptomatik oder Symptomen schwerer Persönlichkeitsstörungen konnten die Berater*innen aus deren subjektiver Sicht signifikant weniger helfen als bei den restlichen Telefonaten, in denen klar umschriebene andere Symptome vorlagen.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse weisen sowohl auf den Nutzen als auch die Grenzen von Hotlineangeboten hin. Der Nutzen besteht vor allem in der schnellen Verfügbarkeit sowie einer effektiven professionellen Hilfe bei klar charakterisierter Symptomatik. Bei unklarer oder komplexer Symptomatik scheint eine unmittelbare telefonische Hilfe zwar nur eingeschränkt möglich zu sein, sie kann den Zugang zu weiteren Hilfsangeboten jedoch einleiten. Insgesamt geben die Ergebnisse dieser Studie einen ersten Hinweis darauf, dass Hotlineangebote eine praktikable Möglichkeit zur psychologischen Ersthilfe unter Pandemiebedingungen darstellen.
Tissue effects of a newly developed diode pumped pulsed Thulium:YAG laser compared to continuous wave Thulium:YAG and pulsed Holmium:YAG laser
Authors: Huusmann Stephan , Lafos Marcel , Meyenburg Ingo , Muschter Rolf , Teichmann Heinrich-Otto , Herrmann Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study is to evaluate the laser-tissue effects of laser radiation emitted by a newly developed high frequency pulsed Tm:YAG laser in comparison to the continuous wave Tm:YAG laser and the pulsed Ho:YAG laser.

Methods
Ex-vivo experiments were performed on freshly slaughtered porcine kidneys in a physiological saline solution. Experiments were performed using two different laser devices in different settings: A Tm:YAG laser was operated in a pulsed mode up to 300 Hz and in a continuous wave (CW) mode. Results were compared with a 100 W standard pulsed Ho:YAG laser system. Comparative tissue experiments were performed at 5 W, 40 W and 80 W. The incision depth and the laser damage zone were measured under a microscope using a calibrated ocular scale.

Results
Increased laser power resulted in increased incision depth and increased laser damage zone for all investigated lasers in this set-up. The Ho:YAG created the largest combined tissue effect at the 5 W power setting and seems to be the least controllable laser at low power for soft tissue incisions. The CW Tm:YAG did not incise at all at 5 W, but created the largest laser damage zone. For the new pulsed Tm:YAG laser the tissue effect grew evenly with increasing power.

Conclusion
Among the investigated laser systems in this setting the pulsed Tm:YAG laser shows the most controllable behavior, insofar as both the incision depth and the laser damage zone increase evenly with increasing laser power.
Ethnic distribution, effective power and conflict
Authors: Kovacic Matija , Zoli Claudio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper highlights the fact that different distributional aspects of ethnicity matter for conflict. We axiomatically derive a parametric class of indices of conflict potential obtained as the sum of each ethnic group’s relative power weighted by the probability of across group interactions. The power component of an extreme element of this class of indices is given by the Penrose–Banzhaf measure of relative power. This index combines in a non-linear way fractionalization, polarization and dominance. The empirical analysis verifies that it outperforms the existing indices of ethnic diversity in explaining ethnic conflict onset.
Computing the Rooted Triplet Distance Between Phylogenetic Networks
Authors: Jansson Jesper , Mampentzidis Konstantinos , Rajaby Ramesh , Sung Wing-Kin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe rooted triplet distance measures the structural dissimilarity of two phylogenetic trees or phylogenetic networks by counting the number of rooted phylogenetic trees with exactly three leaf labels (called rooted triplets, or triplets for short) that occur as embedded subtrees in one, but not both, of them. Suppose that $$N_1 = (V_1, E_1)$$

N
1

=

(

V
1

,

E
1

)

and $$N_2 = (V_2, E_2)$$

N
2

=

(

V
2

,

E
2

)

are phylogenetic networks over a common leaf label set of size n, that $$N_i$$

N
i

has level $$k_i$$

k
i

and maximum in-degree $$d_i$$

d
i

for $$i \in \{1,2\}$$

i
∈
{
1
,
2
}

, and that the networks’ out-degrees are unbounded. Write $$N = \max (|V_1|, |V_2|)$$

N
=
max
(
|

V
1

|
,
|

V
2

|
)

, $$M = \max (|E_1|, |E_2|)$$

M
=
max
(
|

E
1

|
,
|

E
2

|
)

, $$k = \max (k_1, k_2)$$

k
=
max
(

k
1

,

k
2

)

, and $$d = \max (d_1, d_2)$$

d
=
max
(

d
1

,

d
2

)

. Previous work has shown how to compute the rooted triplet distance between $$N_1$$

N
1

and $$N_2$$

N
2

in $$\mathrm {O}(n \log n)$$

O
(
n
log
n
)

time in the special case $$k \le 1$$

k
≤
1

. For $$k > 1$$

k
>
1

, no efficient algorithms are known; applying a classic method from 1980 by Fortune et al. in a direct way leads to a running time of $${\Omega }(N^{6} n^{3})$$

Ω
(

N
6

n
3

)

and the only existing non-trivial algorithm imposes restrictions on the networks’ in- and out-degrees (in particular, it does not work when non-binary vertices are allowed). In this article, we develop two new algorithms with no such restrictions. Their running times are $$\mathrm {O}(N^{2} M + n^{3})$$

O
(

N
2

M
+

n
3

)

and $$\mathrm {O}(M + N k^{2} d^{2} + n^{3})$$

O
(
M
+
N

k
2

d
2

+

n
3

)

, respectively. We also provide implementations of our algorithms, evaluate their performance on simulated and real datasets, and make some observations on the limitations of the current definition of the rooted triplet distance in practice. Our prototype implementations have been packaged into the first publicly available software for computing the rooted triplet distance between unrestricted networks of arbitrary levels.