bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic solvent‐based tissue clearing techniques and their applications
Authors: Zhan Yanjing , Wu Haoyan , Liu Linfeng , Lin Jie , Zhang Shiwen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRevealing the true structure of tissues and organs with tissue slicing technology is difficult since images reconstructed in three dimensions are easily distorted. To address the limitations in tissue slicing technology, tissue clearing has been invented and has recently achieved significant progress in three‐dimensional imaging. Currently, this technology can mainly be divided into two types: aqueous clearing methods and solvent‐based clearing methods. As one of the important parts of this technology, organic solvent‐based tissue clearing techniques have been widely applied because of their efficient clearing speed and high clearing intensity. This review introduces the primary organic solvent‐based tissue clearing techniques and their applications.
Atomic force microscopy nanoindentation kinetics and subsurface visualization of soft inhomogeneous polymer
Authors: Morozov Ilya A. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTModern techniques of nanoindentation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) produce maps of topography and physical‐mechanical properties of the material. Analysis of the interaction rate of the AFM tip with the soft surface reveals the surface and subsurface structure and expands standard analysis of the material behavior. Phase‐separated polymer (polyurethane, elastic modulus—6 MPa) is studied. Reversible inelastic changes of the surface at different stages of indentation were established in dependence on peculiarities of velocity and position of the AFM‐tip in the material: uniform soft nanofilm covering the outer surface gradually passes into fibrillar heterogeneous structure of the polymer. The point of stable mechanical contact is defined, and the elastic moduli of soft and hard blocks of the polymer are estimated using certain intervals of the indentation. The presented methods of surface analysis are useful in the study of a wide class of soft heterogeneous materials.
DNA methylation analysis improves the prognostication of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Samimi Hanie , Mehta Isha , Docking Thomas Roderick , Zainulabadeen Aamir , Karsan Aly , Zare Habil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntegration of orthogonal data could provide new opportunities to pinpoint the underlying molecular mechanisms of hematologic disorders. Using a novel gene network approach, we integrated DNA methylation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 194 cases) with the corresponding gene expression profile. Our integrated gene network analysis classified AML patients into low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups. The identified high‐risk group had significantly shorter overall survival compared to the low‐risk group (p‐value ≤). Specifically, our approach identified a particular subgroup of nine high‐risk AML cases that died within 2 years after diagnosis. These high‐risk cases otherwise would be incorrectly classified as intermediate‐risk solely based on cytogenetics, mutation profiles, and common molecular characteristics of AML. We confirmed the prognostic value of our integrative gene network approach using two independent datasets, as well as through comparison with European LeukemiaNet and LSC17 criteria. Our approach could be useful in the prognostication of a subset of borderline AML cases. These cases would not be classified into appropriate risk groups by other approaches that use gene expression, but not DNA methylation data. Our findings highlight the significance of epigenomic data, and they indicate integrating DNA methylation data with gene coexpression networks can have a synergistic effect.
Development of neutralizing antibody responses against SARS‐CoV‐2 in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Teresa Valenzuela María , Urquidi Cinthya , Rodriguez Nicolás , Castillo Luis , Fernández Jorge , Ramírez Eugenio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are new global problems. The understanding of the host immune response in COVID‐19 and its implications in the development of therapeutic agents are new challenges. Here, we evaluated the development of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing (Nt) antibodies in symptomatic hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. We followed up 117 COVID‐19 confirmed patients from a reference health center for COVID‐19 during the epidemic in Santiago de Chile. One and two sequential blood samples from 117 to 68 cases were, respectively, obtained to evaluate the immune response. Immunofluorescence and neutralization assays in Vero E6 cells with a Chilean SARS‐CoV‐2 strain were performed. Out of the 68 patients, 44% were women and 56% men, and the most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (47.7%) and diabetes (27.4%). The most frequent symptoms or signs related to COVID‐19 were dyspnea, cough, fever, myalgia, and headache. In all the study population, 76.1% and 60.7% of patients were positive for IgG and Nt antibodies in the first blood sample. All patients except one were positive for IgG and Nt antibodies in the second sample. IgG and Nt antibodies positivity increased significantly according to the disease evolution periods. Higher Nt antibody titers were observed in the first sample in patients under 60 years of age. Obese and diabetic patients had no increase in Nt antibodies, unlike normal weight and diabetes‐free patients. Both hypertensive and normotensive patients showed a significant increase in Nt antibodies. These results show an early and robust immune response against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during severe COVID‐19.
Control of wakefulness by lateral hypothalamic glutamatergic neurons in male mice
Authors: Wang Ren‐fei , Guo Han , Jiang Shi‐yu , Liu Zi‐long , Qu Wei‐min , Huang Zhi‐li , Wang Lu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe lateral hypothalamus (LH) plays a key role in the maintenance of cortical activation and wakefulness. In the LH, the two main neuronal cell populations consist of excitatory glutamatergic neurons and inhibitory GABAergic neurons. Recent studies have shown that inhibitory LH GABAergic neurons are wake‐promoting. However, the mechanism by which excitatory LH glutamatergic neurons contribute to sleep‐wake regulation remains unclear. Using fiber photometry in male mice, we demonstrated that LH glutamatergic neurons exhibited high activities during both wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep. Chemogenetic activation of LH glutamatergic neurons induced an increase in wakefulness that lasted for 6 hr, whereas suppression of LH glutamatergic neuronal activity caused a reduction in wakefulness. Brief optogenetic activation of LH glutamatergic neurons induced an immediate transition from slow‐wave sleep to wakefulness, and long‐lasting optogenetic stimulation of these neurons maintained wakefulness. Moreover, we found that LH‐locus coeruleus/parabrachial nucleus and LH‐basal forebrain projections mediated the wake‐promoting effects of LH glutamatergic neurons. Taken together, our data indicate that LH glutamatergic neurons are essential for the induction and maintenance of wakefulness. The results presented here may advance our understanding of the role of LH in the control of wakefulness.
Time trends and persistence in European temperature anomalies
Authors: Lenti Jacopo , Gil‐Alana Luis A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper looks at the level of persistence in the temperature anomalies series of 114 European cities. Once this level of persistence has been identified, the time trend coefficients are estimated and the results indicate that most of the series examined display positive trends, supporting thus climate warming. Moreover, the results obtained confirm the hypothesis that long‐memory behaviour cannot be neglected in the study of temperature time series, changing, therefore, the estimated effect of global warming.
Copula based analysis of meteorological, hydrological and agricultural drought characteristics across Indian river basins
Authors: Poonia Vikas , Jha Srinidhi , Goyal Manish Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuration and severity are the two most important parameters used for drought characterization. In this study, we used a bivariate copula‐based approach to understand the joint dependence of drought duration and severity of three different drought types. Three types of bivariate copulas (Gumbel, Frank and Plackett) are estimated for modelling and the best fit copula is selected over 1,162 grid points (at a resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°) of India. Further, the joint dependence of drought duration and severity are analysed to infer important properties in terms of exceedance probability and return periods. Finally, conditional probability and conditional return periods of drought characteristics are also derived, which could be useful for proper planning and management of the water resource system. From the investigation, it is observed that drought events in the Western and Central India are longer and more severe whereas the ones in the south Indian river basins are more frequent but less severe. Moreover, similar results were also obtained for the conditional probability and conditional return periods. This study provides information regarding the severe and longer drought event hotspots all over the study area and thus helpful for the policymakers in developing effective drought prevention and mitigation strategies comprehensively at a national scale.
Vertical ground reaction force 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction predicts 10‐year patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Erhart‐Hledik Jennifer C. , Chu Constance R. , Asay Jessica L. , B. Mahtani Gordhan , Andriacchi Thomas P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDisruptions in knee biomechanics during walking following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury have been suggested to lead to the development of premature knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to be potential markers of OA risk and targets for intervention. This study investigated if side‐to‐side differences in early stance peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) during walking 2 years after ACL reconstruction are associated with longer‐term (10 years post‐reconstruction) changes in patient‐reported outcomes. Twenty‐eight participants (mean age: 28.7 ± 6.4 years) with primary unilateral ACL reconstruction underwent gait analysis for assessment of peak vGRF and completed Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) surveys at 2 years post‐surgery (2.2 ± 0.3 years) and completed surveys at follow‐up 10 years post‐surgery (10.5 ± 0.9 years). Associations between changes (10–2 years) in patient‐reported outcomes and between limb‐differences in vGRF were assessed with Pearson or Spearman's ρ correlation coefficients and exploratory backwards elimination multiple linear regression analyses. Differences in vGRF between symptomatic progressors and non‐progressors were also assessed. The side‐to‐side difference in vGRF was related to the variability in longer‐term changes in patient‐reported outcome metrics and distinguished symptomatic progressors from non‐progressors. Participants with higher vGRF in the reconstructed (ACLR) limb versus the contralateral limb had worsening of IKDC (R = −0.391, p = 0.040), KOOS pain (ρ = −0.396, p = 0.037), KOOS symptoms (ρ = −0.572, p = 0.001), and KOOS quality of life (R = −0.458, p = 0.014) scores at follow‐up. Symptomatic progressors had greater vGRF in the ACLR limb as compared to the contralateral limb at baseline than non‐progressors (p = 0.023). These data highlight associations between a simple‐to‐measure gait metric and the development of long‐term clinical symptoms after an ACL injury.
Staphylococcus aureus genotype variation among and within periprosthetic joint infections
Authors: Ma Dongzhu , Brothers Kimberly M. , Maher Patrick L. , Phillips Nathan J. , Simonetti Deborah , William Pasculle Anthony , Richardson Anthony R. , Cooper Vaughn S. , Urish Kenneth L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a common organism in orthopedic infections, but little is known about the genetic diversity of strains during an infectious process. Using periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) as a model, a prospective study was designed to quantify genetic variation among S. aureus strains both among and within patients. Whole genome sequencing and multilocus sequence typing was performed to genotype these two populations at high resolution. In nasal cultures, 78% of strains were of clonal complexes CC5, CC8, and CC30. In PJI cultures, only 63% could be classified in these common clonal complexes. The PJI cultures had a larger proportion of atypical strains, and these atypical strains were associated with poor host status and compromised immune conditions. Mutations in genes involved in fibronectin binding (ebh, fnbA, clfA, and clfB) systematically distinguished later PJI isolates from the first PJI isolate from each patient. Repeated mutations in S. aureus genes associated with extracellular matrix binding were identified, suggesting adaptive, parallel evolution of S. aureus during the development of PJI.
A new decomposition ensemble approach for tourism demand forecasting: Evidence from major source countries in Asia‐Pacific region
Authors: Zhang Chengyuan , Jiang Fuxin , Wang Shouyang , Sun Shaolong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that different market factors influence tourism demand at different timescales. Accordingly, we propose the decomposition ensemble learning approach to analyze impact of different market factors on tourism demand, and explore the potential advantages of the proposed method on forecasting tourism demand in Asia‐Pacific region. By decomposing tourist arrivals with noise‐assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition, this study further explores the multiscale relationship between tourist destinations and major source countries. The empirical results show that decomposition ensemble approach performs significantly better than benchmarks in terms of the level forecasting accuracy and directional forecasting accuracy.
Integration of Well‐Being Therapy and Positive Psychotherapy: A Response to Fava and Guidi's (2021) Commentary on Radstaak et al. (2020)
Authors: Radstaak Mirjam , Hüning Laura , Bohlmeijer Ernst T 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe results of our study on the effects of well‐being therapy (WBT) compared with a treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) control condition among individuals with residual symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were recently published in the Journal of Traumatic Stress (Radstaak et al., 2020). In a subsequent commentary, Fava and Guidi (2020) raised several conceptual and methodological issues that they asserted potentially limited the interpretation of the results. In this response, we aim to clarify these issues, thus contributing to the optimal interpretation of the findings.
Ultrasound‐Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block and Trapezius Muscle Injection for Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Authors: Yürük Damla , Akkaya Ömer Taylan , Polat Özgür Emre , Alptekin Hüseyin Alp 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThere were two goals to this study: the first goal was to research the analgesic effectiveness of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) added to the treatment after trapezius muscle injection (TMI) and the second was to investigate whether repeated TMI increases the analgesic effect in myofascial pain syndrome (MPS).MethodsSixty patients with a diagnosis of MPS were randomized into two groups. The TMI group (n = 30) received ultrasound‐guided (USG) TMI with 5 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine two times, with a 1‐week interval in between. The ESPB group (n = 30) received USG TMI with 5 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine in the first week and USG ESPB with 20 mL of 0.125% bupivacaine in the second week. The pain severity of the patients was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS). The data obtained before (week 0) and after (weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4) the injections were statistically compared between the groups.ResultsIn both groups, the mean VAS score decreased in the first week compared to the mean pretreatment score (p < .001). When the VAS scores were compared between the first and second weeks, a decrease was observed in both groups (p < .001), but it was more evident in the ESPB group. Compared to previous weeks, there was no significant difference in VAS scores at the third and fourth weeks.ConclusionsThe analgesic effect of repeated TMI for MPS was superior to a single injection, but ESPB combined with TMI provided more effective analgesia than repeated TMI.
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A 2020 perspective
Authors: Benedict Jacob J. , Derkay Craig S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveDespite recent advancement recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) remains a rare but challenging benign airway neoplasm. In recent years there has been significant shifts in incidence of this disease due to changes in vaccination and prevention for human papilloma virus (HPV) and its related pathology. This review will highlight the epidemiology, prevention and treatment of RRP.MethodsThe PubMed database was searched using relevant MeSH terms including “recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.” The titles and abstracts were reviewed to assess relevance and unrelated articles were excluded. A full‐text review for select articles was performed, the data and discussions were interpreted and synthesized to create a concise update on the management of RRP.ResultsWith the increasing utilization of the 9‐valent and quadrivalent HPV vaccine in Australia, we have seen a significant decrease in the incidence of RRP. Preliminary data in the US shows a similar trend of decreased incidence after implementation of vaccination. Single dose Gardasil in developing countries has shown sustained immunization for at least 7 years. Preliminary clinical trials and retrospective studies have shown the HPV vaccine may have benefit as a treatment method in addition to prevention for HPV related diseases. Bevacizumab (Avastin), a VEGF monoclonal antibody, has shown promise as a systemic treatment for RRP. The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected perioperative management of RRP.ConclusionRRP continues to decline in incidence since the implementation of HPV vaccination. Advancement in the medical management including Bevacizumab show promise as an additional option for the management of RRP.
Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)‐Hydrogel Microparticles with Soft Barrier Shell for the Encapsulation of Micrococcus luteus
Authors: Mafi Mahsa , Kushmaro Ariel , Greenblatt Charles , Agarwal Seema , Greiner Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe encapsulation of bacteria in polymers results in hybrid materials that are essential for the long‐term biological activity of bacteria and formulations in practical applications. Here, the problem of bacterial escape and the exchange of metabolism products from hydrogel microparticles within an aqueous environment are addressed. Bacteria are encapsulated in chemically cross‐linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel‐microparticles followed by their encapsulation in a pH‐responsive and soft antibacterial shell of poly(N,N‐diethylamino ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA). This polymer shell acts selectively with regards to the mass transport in and out of the microparticle core and is affected by environmental parameters, such as pH and antibacterial effect. The pH‐responsive PDEAEMA shell forms an open porous structure that accelerates nutrient transfer into the PVA core containing living Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus). Results show that the antibacterial effect of PDEAEMA retards the escape of bacteria up to 35 days when the shell is open. Additionally, the permeation of a small molecule into the gel, for example, methylene blue dye through the core/open‐shell structure, certifies a flexible barrier for mass transport, which is required in the long term for the biological activity of encapsulated M. luteus.
Lipidomic Profiling of Human Milk Derived Exosomes and Their Emerging Roles in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Chen Wenjuan , Chen Xiaohui , Qian Yun , Wang Xingyun , Zhou Yahui , Yan Xiangyun , Yu Boshi , Yao Shuwen , Yu Zhangbin , Zhu Jingai , Han Shuping 
Published: March 2021

ScopeHuman milk can prevent the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Human milk is rich in cargo‐carrying exosomes that participate in intercellular communication. This study investigated the effects of term and preterm human milk‐derived exosomes, and elucidated their lipid expression profiles.Methods and ResultsMilk from healthy mothers is collected who have delivered full‐term or preterm infants, and exosomes are isolated and quantified. Administration of term and preterm milk exosomes significantly enhances epithelial proliferation and migration in vitro, and ameliorates the severity of NEC in vivo. A total of 395 lipids are identified in term and preterm human milk‐derived exosomes. Bioinformatics analysis and western blotting reveal that top 50 lipids regulate intestinal epithelial cell function via the Extracellular‐Signal‐Regulated Kinase/Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway.ConclusionThis study reveals for the first time the lipidomic complexities in exosomes derived from preterm and term milk. The results provide novel mechanistic insight on how human milk prevents the development of NEC.
Estuary-Level Genomic Variation Confirms Demographic and Life History Differences among Black Drum Populations in Texas
Authors: Anderson Joel , Williford Damon , Olsen Zachary 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Black Drum Pogonias cromis is a year-round resident in estuarine and nearshore habitats throughout the Gulf of Mexico and is common in Texas. Multiple studies have highlighted life history and demographic variation in this species among estuaries, and tagging studies conducted in Texas suggest limited migration between adjacent estuaries. While these findings raise the potential for genetic heterogeneity among estuaries via accumulation of genetic drift, such an effect has never been tested. We used 5,340 genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms from a reduced-representation genomic library to assess the magnitude and geographic pattern of genetic heterogeneity in Black Drum sampled from multiple estuaries in Texas. We found significant genetic heterogeneity that could be partitioned into three regional groupings: northern (Sabine Lake to San Antonio Bay), central (upper Laguna Madre and its secondary bays) and southern (lower Laguna Madre). These regional groupings roughly coincide with significant differences in life history strategies noted in previous studies and suggest a regional stock structure that is anchored by two independently collected lines of evidence. There was also evidence for weak but significant genetic structure among adjacent secondary estuaries within the Baffin Bay complex. Finally, outliers from the genomic data set correlated weakly (but significantly) with differences in residual growth among individuals. These findings imply genetic heterogeneity of Black Drum among and within estuaries, correlation of growth phenotypes with a small partition of outlier loci, and correlation between genomic patterns and complex regional differences in life history phenotypes described previously. Stock assessments for this species should carefully consider regional stock definitions and model parameters because such inputs may vary significantly above and below the scale of estuaries.