bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development, Characterization and Pharmacological Investigation of Umbelliferone Conjugates of NSAIDs
Authors: B NIJA , Rasheed Arun , Kottaimuthu A 
Published: June 2021

The present investigation developed the ester prodrugs of Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Mefenamic acid and Flurbiprofen by conjugating with the natural antioxidant, 4-methyl umbelliferone that resulted the formation of Mefenamic acid-umbelliferone ester prodrug and Flurbiprofen-umbelliferone ester prodrug .The principal objective this study is the synthesis of the ester prodrugs of NSAIDs with the enhanced therapeutic activity and minimized side effects. Prodrugs were synthesized by coupling method using N,N’- dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/4-dimethylaminopyrimidine, subjected to physical, chemical characterization, spectral characterization (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectra),hydrolysis-kinetic study and pharmacological evaluation such as anti-inflammatory, ulcerogenecity as well as the effect of the NSAIDs in the central nervous system against degenerative mechanisms. The current study revealed that the umbelliferone conjugates of NSAIDs which upon administration would release the parent drug as a result of enzymatic or non-enzymatic hydrolysis in the desired site with enhanced anti inflammatory activity and reduction in the gastro intestinal toxicity. Also the synthesized pordrugs showed enhanced brain targeting efficiency with protective action against the degenerative processes.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Evaluation of Some Coumarin Derivatives
Authors: T. Abduljabbar Tariq , K. Hadi Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

Coumarin derivatives have shown different biological activities, such as antifungal, antibacterial antiinflammatory, and antioxidant activities, besides antibiotic resistance modulating effects, and anti-HIV, hepatoprotective, and antitumor effect. So, new coumarin derivatives (hydrazones and an amide) were synthesized through multisteps reactions. All the synthesized target compounds were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, 1HNMR analysis. The compounds then evaluated for their anti-bacterial activity by means of well-diffusion method against two gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and two gram-negative bacteria (E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The highest activity was demonstrate by compound k2 which found to be highly active against pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The Role of Ginkgo biloba Extract as Monotherapy in Improving the Outcomes of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Pilot Comparative Study with Metformin
Authors: Aziz Tavga A. 
Published: June 2021

The present study evaluates the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract as monotherapy on the glycemic status, insulin resistance (IR), body mass index (BMI), and visceral adiposity index (VAI), in addition to the inflammatory markers, oxidative status and leptin level in patients with metabolic syndrome in comparison with metformin.
The study is a randomized, double-blind pilot study conducted during the period May to September, 2020. Fifty patients were recruited in the study and they were allocated into two groups (25 per each group): Ginkgo biloba and Metformin groups, they received (120 mg Ginkgo biloba extract/ capsule) and (500 mg Metformin/ capsule) respectively; orally as a single dose for 90 days. Blood samples were taken at zero time and after 90 days and utilized for analysis of blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin and leptin levels, lipid profile, TAOS, hsCRP, TNF
Natural Products as A Promising Therapy for SARS COV-2; An Overview
Authors: Jaafar Noor S. , Jaafar Iman S. 
Published: June 2021

Recently emerging pandemic SARS CoV-2 conquered our world since December 2019. Continuous efforts have been done to find out effective immunization and precise treatment stetratigies A way from therapeutic options that were tried in SARS CoV-2, an increased attention is directed to predict natural products and mainly phytochemicals as collaborative measures for this crisis. In this review, most of the mentioned compounds specially flavonoids (biacalin, hesperidin, quercetin, luteolin,, and phenolic (resveratrol, curcumin, and theaflavin) exert their effect through interfering with the action of one or more of this proteins (spike protein, papain like protease, 3 chymotrypsin like cysteine protease, and RNA dependent RNA
polymerase) that are involved in viral life cycle beside the anti-inflammatory effect of these compounds. The triterpenoids (celastrol, escin and glycyrrhizin) and the alkaloids (lycorine and cepharanthine) mediated their effect mainly through anti-inflammatory activity. Glycyrrhetinic acid (glycyrrhizin metabolite) dawn regulates ACE 2, and reduces protease expression, thus reduce viral entry. This review may be representing an initial step in long path for designing the successful and effective treatment or vaccine for this pandemic.
A review on Active Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl. (Loquat)
Authors: Ibrahim Ruaa M. 
Published: June 2021

Eriobotrya japonica Lindl., named as loquat, is a subtropical fruit tree of the family Rosaceae which is well known medical plant originated in Japan and China. Loquat portions, like leaves, peels and fruits have been shown to possess various health usefulnesses. In Chinese classical medicine, it is vastly utilized in many illnesses, like gastroenteric disorders, diabetes mellitus, pulmonary inflammatory diseases and chronic bronchitis. Loquat plant contain many active constituents, such as flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins, polyphenolic compounds, other that have many biological effects like anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, antiviral, antitussive, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic activity.
Microneedle Array Patches: Characterization and in -vitro Evaluation
Authors: Sadeq Zainab A. 
Published: June 2021

Patch in transdermal drug delivery(TDDS) used to overcome the hypodermic drawback, but these patch also have absorption limitation for hydrophilic and macromolecule like peptide and DNA. So that micronized projection have the ability for skin penetration developed named as microneedle. Microneedle drug delivery system is a novel drug delivery to overcome the limitation of TDDS like skin barrier restriction for large molecule. Microneedle patch can penetrate through skin subcutaneous into epidermis, avoiding nerve fiber and blood vessel contact. There are many type of microneedle patch like solid, polymer, hallow, hydrogel forming microneedle and dissolving microneedle with different method of microfabrication
Assessment the Genotoxic Potential of Fluoxetine and Amitriptyline at Maximum Therapeutic Doses for Four-Week Treatment in Experimental Male Rats
Authors: Al-Obaidi Imad A. , N. Al-Shawi Nada 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
At any moment, the continuous usage of medications can accompanied by DNA damage and the accumulation of such damages can cause serious consequences. Antidepressants are long-term used drugs and the incidence of their genotoxic impacts cannot be excluded. Therefore, this work was designed to investigate the possible genotoxic effects of the commonly used antidepressants (fluoxetine and amitriptyline) in adult male rats.
Detection of DNA damage in individual cells was assessed by comet and micronucleus assays in three different cell populations i.e. liver, testis and bone marrow tissues of 24 swiss albino adult male rats. The animals were randomly allocated into three groups of 8 rats each: Group I - rats orally-administered distilled water via gavage tube for four weeks as a negative control. Group II - rats orally-treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride solution (7.2mg/kg/day) via gavage tube for four weeks. Group III - rats orally-treated with amitriptyline hydrochloride solution (27mg/kg/day) via gavage tube for four weeks.
The results showed that both drugs (Group II and Group III) induced the same extent of DNA damage, as evidenced by a significantly higher DNA fragmentation in liver and testis tissues with increased frequencies of micronuclei formation in bone marrow tissues as compared with the negative control (Group I).
These findings indicates that both Fluoxetine and Amitriptyline have genotoxic potentials and can induce the same extent of cytogenetic damage in rats. Special precautions and medical supervision should be taken in consideration with their uses.
Formulation and Characterization of Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Tacrolimus
Authors: Al-Tamimi Duaa J. , Hussien Ahmed A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present investigation aimed to formulate a liquid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of tacrolimus to enhance its oral bioavailability by improving its dispersibility and dissolution rate. Four liquid SMEDDS were prepared using maisine CC as oil phase, labrasol ALF as surfactant and transcutol HP as co-surfactant based on the solubility studies of tacrolimus in these components. The phase behavior of the components and the area of microemulsion were evaluated using pseudoternary phase diagrams. The formulations were also assessed for thermodynamic stability, robustness to dilution, self-emulsification time, drug content, globule size and polydispersity index. The prepared SMEDDS formulations exhibited improved drug release compared to the pure drug powder. From this study, it was concluded that using a composition of 10% maisine CC, 67.5% labrasol ALF and 22.5% transcutol produced a liquid SMEDDS with good thermodynamic stability and enhanced in-vitro drug release profiles compared with pure tacrolimus powder. All which supports the use of self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems as a promising approach to improve solubility, dissolution and stability of poorly soluble drugs like tacrolimus.
ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ КАК СПОСОБ ДЕПЕРСОНАЛИЗАЦИИ СООБЩЕНИЯ: АКТАНТНО-ПЕРЕМЕННАЯ ФУНКЦИЯ ПАССИВА (КЛАССИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД)
Authors: N. V. Solovey  , S. D. Isaieva  
Published: June 2021

Semantic perspective of the sentences with passive predication, expressed by the verb in passive voice or using verbal adjectives with passive meaning is analysed in the article. Such types of predication are considered as categorial and non-categorial means of Passive Perspective expression respectively (grammatical and non-grammatical). The general characteristics of the sentences presented by the categorial passive or by non-categorial means are: absence of Agence in grammatical subject position, centripetal direction of the process, expressed by the predicate words and affection of grammatical subject. All these testify the identical character of the expressed relations (by them). Perspective (the direction of the action in the sentence) is defined by subject-object and has the identical nature in both variants.
Underlying Causes and Risk Factors of Chronic Renal Allograft Dysfunction Among Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Güven Göksel , Yılmaz Şeref Rahmi , Yıldırım Tolga , Akı Fazıl Tuncay , Erdem Yunus 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Dialysis or renal transplantation are the two treatment options for end-stage renal disease patients. Renal transplantation from an appropriate donor increases survival and quality of life compared to treatment with dialysis. Recent advances in immunosuppressive therapy have significantly improved the success in 1-year graft survival. However, the long-term graft survival remains the same. Therefore, we aimed to determine the underlying causes and risk factors of chronic allograft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients.
Materials and Methods: From 2000 to 2012, all consecutive renal transplant recipients followed in our tertiary referral center who underwent renal biopsy due to an increase in serum creatinine level were enrolled. Etiologies of chronic allograft dysfunction were assessed according to pathologic results of renal biopsy specimens and laboratory findings. The immunological and non-immunological risk factors of chronic allograft dysfunction were screened and recorded retrospectively.
Results: Eighty (80) renal transplant recipients with a mean age of 38±10 years were included in the study. Delayed graft function (p=0.007), history of acute rejection (p<0.001), positive panel reactive antibody (p=0.033) (Class I (p=0.013), Class II (p=0.006)), positive donor specific antibodies (p=0.001), number of recurrent acute rejections (p<0.001), number of human leukocyte antigens mismatches (p=0.051), cold ischemia time (p=0.001) were found to be risk factors for chronic allograft dysfunction. The donor specific antibodies positivity (p<0.001) and the panel reactive antibody positivity (Class I (p=0.003), Class II (p=0.001)) were significantly higher in patients with antibody mediated rejection than patients without antibody mediated rejection (p=0.002).
Conclusion: Delayed graft function, presence and the number of acute rejections, increased cold ischemia time, panel reactive antibody positivity, donor specific antibodies positivity, and the number of human leukocyte antigens mismatches were risk factors for chronic allograft dysfunction.
INDICATIONS OF CAESAREAN ACCORDING TO ROBSON’S CRITERIA
Authors: Vaghela Jayshree , Parmar Dipti. C. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: There has been an increase in rate of caesarean section over past five decades. This is matter of public health concern as it increases the caesarean section related maternal morbidity and mortality. Asadvised by WHO guidelines and US health initiative C-section rate should not beyond 15%. According to NHFS-4 C-section rate in India 17.2%. The aim of present study aimed to assess the rate of CS and perform and analysis based on Robson classification system.
Methods: In present study all the cases delivered by caesarean section during period of six months were recorded. Data were collected from medical records of women who delivered from October to march 2021.They were classified according to Robsons’10 group classification system. This was an attempt to see which relevant group contributed most to the c- section rates. Results: There was a trend of increased percentage of caesarean section in group5 patients in present study. Poor tolerance to pain and increased rate of previous c section contributes to this.
Conclusion: We should make use of vaginal delivery after caesarean section but not at the cost of maternal and fetal health. These target groups require more in depth analysis to identify modifiable risk factors and apply specific intervention to reduce cs rates.
Keywords: Indications, Caesarean, Robsons criteria.
ROLE OF HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF COVID-19 IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: Saha Angira , Saxena Sakar , Srivastava Romi , Narang Sanjeev 
Published: June 2021

Aim: To evaluate the role of biomarkers from blood samples of COVID-19 patients admitted in Index Medical College Hospital & R.C.
Material & Methods: Hematological parameters such as Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) & Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) were studied in RT-PCR positive patients to evaluate the utility of these parameters for early diagnosis of COVID-19.
Results: The study showed that there was statistically significant difference in test groups in reference to Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) & SII values (p<0.05). But no statistically significant difference was observed between test groups in reference to Platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Leukocyte, Neutrophil, NLR & SII values can be used in the early diagnosis of COVID-19.
Keywords: NLR, SII, Leukocyte, Neutrophil
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ROLE OF WOUND OUTCOME IN VACUUM ASSISTED CLOSURE OF WOUNDS TO CLASSICAL (MOIST) WOUND CLOSURES
Authors: Kumari Aprajita , Vyas Atul 
Published: June 2021

Background & Method: This study is conducted at General Surgery department of Index Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Indore (M.P.) To Analysis of wound outcome in Vacuum assisted closure of wounds in comparison to classical (moist) wound closure in terms of rate of granulation tissue formation, culture at presentation, complications and recommendations. The wound of the patient was assessed by measuring the maximum length and maximum width of the wound. Then on day 7th, 14th and day 21st, the maximum length and maximum width of the granulation tissue covering the same wound was measured.
Result: In Group I Mean age of patients is 39 ± 13 years and in Group II it is 42 ± 14 years. In Group I and Group II there is no difference in the gender wise distribution. The most common disease in both the groups I and II is bed sore followed by compound fractures. The most common organism on culture in group I is S. aureus (9) followed by polymicrobial growth (7), and in group II is S. aureus (10) followed by E.coli (7). The average rate of granulation in group I on day 7th is 27.63 ± 23.23, on day 14th it increased to 35.92 ± 25.75, and on day 21st it further increased to 65.6 ± 15.20. The average rate of granulation in group II on day 7th is 31.34 ± 18.22, on day 14th it is increased to 57.4 ± 17.55, and on day 21st it further increased to 75.16 ± 6.732. Group I had higher number of complications (8) in comparison to group II (6). There is no complication in 44 patients of group II and 42 patients of group I.
Conclusion: In our present study it was concluded that the rate of granulation tissue formation was better in the VAC group in comparison to the conventional dressing group. Vacuum assisted closure dressing was found to be totally safe, although technically demanding. Thus, we conclude that the surgeon’s discretion is very much needed in VAC being the choice of dressings in certain wounds and where there is much difficulty in performing VAC dressings, the conventional dressings should be the choice.
Keywords: wound, vacuum, moist & outcome.
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF FETOMATERNAL OUTCOME IN HIV POSITIVE PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Dhamat Krishna , Nakum Kanaklata D. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: In present scenario Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is one of the worst global health concerns.HIV has a dramatic impact on the health of mother and children. Parent to child transmission of HIV is a major route of new infection in children.
Objective: Aim of my study is to find out the prevalence of HIV status among pregnant women delivering in our hospital and to determine maternal and fetal outcome in those HIV positive pregnant women.
Materials and Methodology: A retrospective study conducted in Government medical college and sir T hospital, Bhavnagar from May 2019 to April 2021. All HIV positive pregnant women with >28 weeks gestation and who are on ART or not and delivering in our hospital were selected. Maternal and fetal outcome variables were analysed.
Results: Total deliveries during the study period were 9526. Of these HIV positive pregnant women were 58, prevalence being 0.6%. Primigravida were found to be 34.48%, 48.27% were diagnosed HIV positive during pregnancy, vaginal deliveries were 75.86% and caesarean section was 24.13%. Birth weight <2kg in 20.68%.Exclusive breast feeding in 81.13%. Nevirapine prophylaxis were given to 96.22% of neonate.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and initiation of therapy will prevent transmission to their children and better fetomaternal outcome. Awareness and information is important to increase access to PPTCT services. Team approach involving an experienced obstetrician, neonatologist and physician gives hope of having a healthy uninfected baby for HIV infected mothers.
Keywords: fetomaternal, HIV
OUTCOME COMPARISON OF TREATMENT BASICERVICAL NECK OF FEMUR FRACTURE USING HEMIARTHROPLASTY VERSUS DYNAMIC HIP SCREW
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Dhaker Anurag , Mundotiya Pradeep Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Background: The present study was conducted to compare outcome of hemiarthroplasty with dynamic hip screw for basicervical neck of femur fracture.
Methods: Hospital based, randomized prospective, comparative interventional study conducted on Basicervical neck of femur fracture cases attending with orthopaedics department of S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur (Rajasthan, India)
Results: As per the post operative complications in Hemiarthroplasty and DHS groups respectively, no significant difference was observed among the group. As per the age groups clinical score (merle's d aubigne), at 6m and 12 m Group H was better than group D. As per average functional outcome at 3,6 ,12months. Score improved with the time.
Conclusion: We concluded that Hemiarthroplastymay allow better restoration of function and should be favoured for treatment of fracture neck of femur in patients that meet the indications for surgery whenever the technical competence and facilities exist.
Keywords: Femur, Hemiarthroplasty, DHS
OPEN REDUCTION AND INTERNAL FIXATION COMPARED WITH ORIF AND PRIMARY SUBTALAR ARTHRODESIS FOR TREATMENT OF SANDERS TYPE IV CALCANEAL FRACTURES: A RANDOMIZED COMPARATIVE PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Mundotiya Pradeep Kumar , Dhaker Anurag , Singh Manpreet 
Published: June 2021

Background: The present study was conducted to open reduction and internal fixation compared with ORIF and primary subtalar arthrodesis for treatment of sanders type IV calcaneal fractures
Methods: Randomized comparative prospective trial conducted on Calcaneum fracture cases attending with orthopaedics department of S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur (Rajasthan, India)
Results: SF 36, MFA, AHS and VAS score showed almost same results in both groups at 3 months which showed statistically non significant results.
Conclusion: A randomized trial was unable to demonstrate any significant difference between ORIF compared with ORIF + PSTA for the treatment of isolated Sanders type IV fractures with respect to long-term outcome. ORIF + PSTA however, should be considered for patients with Sanders type IV fractures, and the health care system as they heal at a much more rapid rate, and will not require additional surgery. This must be considered as the choice of treatment may have profound economic effects on the patient. More research is needed to find the best solutions for these difficult fractures.
Keywords: ORIF, PSTA, Fracture.
BLOOD TRANSFUSION PRACTICES IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY AT TERTIARY CARE CENTRE: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.
Authors: Singh Shailendra , Bhardwaj Shantipriya , Jareda Kuldeep , Sharma Amit , Shekawat Keshari Singh 
Published: June 2021

Background: This study was undertaken to ascertain the total patients receiving a transfusion, indications for transfusion, various blood components used, the timing of transfusion, and the presence of any risk factors in the patients transfused.
Methods: Transfusion request forms of 2998 patients admitted to the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in the zanana Hospital, SMS Medical College and attached group of hospitals Jaipur from May 2020 to July 2020were retrospectively reviewed for the types and volume of blood component transfused. Indication for each blood component transfusion was noted. Patients who had MOH were further analyzed to estimate the ratio of components transfused.
Results: We have experienced 898 obstetric patients who underwent blood component transfusion during the study period. Out of these, 440 (49%) and 458 (51%) were primigravida and multigravida respectively. The mean age of patients who received transfusion was 27 years. The maximum number of patients was in the age group of 21–32 years
Conclusion: Anemia during pregnancy is a significant cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. The decision for transfusion was done in this study when the Hb<7 gm%, and there were <4 weeks for delivery or in labor
Keywords: Hb, Anemia, Pregnancy.