bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of sesame, canola and sesame‐canola oils on body weight and composition in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple‐blind, cross‐over clinical trial
Authors: Raeisi‐Dehkordi Hamidreza , Amiri Mojgan , Moghtaderi Fatemeh , Zimorovat Alireza , Rahmanian Masoud , Mozaffari‐Khosravi Hassan , Salehi‐Abargouei Amin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent investigations have proposed that sesame and canola oils might affect body fat distribution. The present study aimed to examine the effects of sesame, canola and sesame‐canola (a blend of sesame and canola oils) oils on body weight and composition in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the context of a randomized, triple‐blind, three‐way, cross‐over clinical trial.RESULTSEligible participants were randomized to replace their regular dietary oil with sesame oil (SO), canola oil (CO) and sesame‐canola oil (SCO) (with 40% SO and 60% CO). Treatment periods lasted 9 weeks and were separated by 4‐week wash‐out periods. Body weight and composition were measured at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of each intervention phase. In total, 93 participants completed the study. After adjustment for confounders, within‐period changes were observed following SO and CO intake for body weight (0.34 ± 0.16 kg and 0.33 ± 0.17 kg) and visceral fat (0.13 ± 0.06% and 0.13 ± 0.05%, P < 0.05), respectively. Body mass index was increased within SO intake (0.13 ± 0.05 kg m−2, P = 0.031). All of the treatment oils resulted in reduced waist circumference and index of central obesity (P < 0.05). A significant difference in change values was observed for visceral fat between SCO (−0.14 ± 0.07%) and SO (0.12 ± 0.08%) treatment periods in females (P = 0.02).CONCLUSIONSesame and canola oils might lead to a modest favorable body fat redistribution by reducing central adiposity, particularly in females; however, the changes were of little clinical importance. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Reconstructing primary production in a changing estuary: A mass balance modeling approach
Authors: Kim Jongsun , Brush Mark J. , Song Bongkeun , Anderson Iris C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEstuarine primary production (PP) is a critical rate process for understanding ecosystem function and response to environmental change. PP is fundamentally linked to estuarine eutrophication, and as such should respond to ongoing efforts to reduce nutrient inputs to estuaries globally. However, concurrent changes including warming, altered hydrology, reduced input of sediments, and emergence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) could interact with nutrient management to produce unexpected changes in PP. Despite its fundamental importance, estuarine PP is rarely measured. We reconstructed PP in the York River Estuary with a novel mass balance model based on dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) for the period 1994–2018. Modeled PP compared well to previous estimates and demonstrated a long‐term increase and down‐estuary shift over the study period. This increase occurred despite reductions in discharge, flushing time, DIN loading, and DIN standing stock over the same period. Increased PP corresponded to increased water temperature, decreased turbidity and light attenuation, and increased photic depth and assimilation ratio, suggesting that phytoplankton in the York River Estuary have become more efficient at converting nutrients into biomass primarily due to a release from light limitation. The increase in PP also coincided with the increasing occurrence of late summer HABs in the lower York River Estuary, including the emergence of a second bloom‐forming dinoflagellate in 2007. Results demonstrate how changes concurrent with nutrient management could alter expected system responses and illustrate the utility of the mass balance approach for estimating critical rate processes like PP in the absence of observations.
Intrajejunal Infusion of Levodopa/Carbidopa for Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tsunemi Taiji , Oyama Genko , Saiki Shinji , Hatano Taku , Fukae Jiro , Shimo Yasushi , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTAdvanced Parkinson's disease is inconsistently defined, and evidence is lacking in relation to device‐aided therapies. To update existing reviews of intrajejunal infusion of levodopa/carbidopa (LCIG), we performed a literature search for relevant articles (to November 3, 2020) using PubMed supplemented by hand searching. Retrieved articles were categorized by relevance to identified research questions, including motor complications and symptoms; nonmotor symptoms; functioning, quality of life, and caregiver burden; optimal timing of treatment initiation and administration duration; discontinuation; and complications. Most eligible studies (n = 56) were open‐label, observational studies including relatively small patient numbers. LCIG consistently reduces OFF time and increased ON time without troublesome dyskinesia with varying effects regarding ON time with troublesome dyskinesia and the possibility of diphasic dyskinesia. More recent evidence provides some increased support for the benefits of LCIG in relation to nonmotor symptoms, quality of life, activities of daily living, and reduced caregiver burden. Patient age does not appear to significantly impact the effectiveness of LCIG. Discontinuation rates with LCIG (~17%–26%) commonly relate to device‐related issues, although the ability to easily discontinue LCIG may represent a potential benefit. LCIG may be a favorable option for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease who show predominant nonmotor symptoms and vulnerability to complications of other advanced therapy modalities. Larger, well‐controlled studies, including precise investigation of cost effectiveness, would further assist treatment selection. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
An improved small signal model of InP HBT for millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Zhang Ao , Gao Jianjun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this letter, an improved small‐signal equivalent circuit model of InP heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) for millimeter‐wave applications is presented. The proposed small‐signal model takes into account the parasitic effect in the collector part which can effectively improve the accuracy of S parameter. In the frequency range of 2–110 GHz, good agreements between the measured and model‐calculated data can be achieved to demonstrate good modeling accuracy.
Modeling non‐isothermal two‐phase fluid flow with phase change in deformable fractured porous media using extended finite element method
Authors: Khoei Amir R. , Amini Danial , Mortazavi S. Mohammad S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article, a computational model is presented for the analysis of coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical process with phase change (evaporation/condensation) in fractured porous media in order to model multiphase fluid flows, heat transfer, and discontinuous deformation by employing the extended finite element method. The ideal gas law and Dalton's law are employed to consider vapor and dry air as miscible gases. To take into account the phase change, latent heat and specific vapor enthalpy are incorporated into the physical model. The set of governing equations consists of linear momentum for the solid‐phase, energy balance equation and mass conservation equations of water species (liquid and vapor) and dry air, which are derived within the framework of the generalized Biot's theory. The weak forms are presented in terms of the displacement, water pressure, capillary pressure, and temperature as the primary variables. The spatial and temporal discretizations are carried out applying the extended finite element method and the generalized Newmark scheme, respectively, resulting in the final system of fully coupled nonlinear equations. Finally, several numerical examples are solved to demonstrate not only the robustness of the proposed computational model but also the effect of the crack orientation, intrinsic permeability, and elastic modulus on the fluid flow patterns, relative humidity, and temperature distribution. Moreover, an edge‐crack propagation is investigated under mode I fracture due to drying conditions.
Vulnerability assessment of the multi‐sector North American bison Bison bison management system to climate change
Authors: Martin Jeff M. , Zarestky Jill , Briske David D. , Barboza Perry S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Bison Bison bison are a keystone of a conservation system, but that system is vulnerable to the effects of a changing climate projected to alter land use through the 21st century.

The current bison population of North America is approximately 400,000 animals and is maintained by a self‐assembled bison management system (BMS) of various stakeholders focused on bison conservation and production. The BMS is comprised of public, for‐profit private, Tribal and not‐for‐profit non‐governmental organization (NGO) sectors, with complementary values, attitudes and practices that contribute to a robust conservation footprint for the species.

Currently, the majority of grasslands (90%) and bison (85%) are privately owned which justifies the need for robust private land conservation strategies to maintain this iconic species and its grassland habitats.

We assessed vulnerability of the BMS to 21st century consequences of climate change with a vulnerability scoping diagram that emphasizes exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity, as well as environmental values, attitudes and practices. We surveyed 132 bison managers within both the private and public/NGO sectors. Respondents were predominantly educated white males located in the northern and central mixed grass prairies who manage bison herds of, on average, 51–100 animals.

Overall, the BMS is moderately vulnerable to climate change. While the public/NGO and private sectors differ in adaptive capacity, specifically in measures of information exchange, external revenue, use of management plans and access to grazing leases, the sectors act as partners for exchanging bison and rely on sustained interchange of bison; dimensions of exposure and sensitivity appear similar between public/NGO and private sectors.

The complementary, shared environmental values and attitudes of the private and public/NGO sectors shape the foundation for enhanced collaboration among the multi‐sector BMS. But it is the sharing of diverse practices and respective consequences that will lead the BMS to discover credible, scalable adaptive solutions to climate change. This may lead to the bison community to decide whether to form a ‘bison coalition’ to seek solutions to adapt to climate change.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children: A retrospective analysis of 125 pediatric cases from a single institution in India
Authors: Thankamony Priyakumari , Nirmal Garima , Chandar Rumesh , Nair Anila K. R. , Veeramoni Iyer Mriduladevi Pradeep 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThyroid carcinoma (TC) is extremely rare in children. We assessed the clinicopathological features, outcomes, recurrence pattern, and associated risk factors of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).MethodsChildren aged ≤14 years, pathologically diagnosed as DTC at a tertiary cancer institute between January 1998 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Survival outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsDuring 18 years, 125 children with DTC were treated with a male:female ratio of 1:2.3. The median age was 12 years (2–14 years). Anterior neck swelling was the commonest presentation (72.8%). Histopathology revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in 123 children (98.4%). Extrathyroidal extension was seen in 32 children (25.6%). Sixty‐eight children (54.4%) had nodal metastases and seven had distant metastasis. Relapse developed in 12 children. All were salvaged with subsequent surgery and radioiodine therapy. Eight children had persistent disease and one had a second malignant neoplasm. The median follow‐up period was 9 years 1 month (1–20 years). Five‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was 94.8% and 5‐year overall survival was 100%. Larger tumors (p‐value = .001), extrathyroidal extension (p‐value = .001), and nodal metastasis (p‐value = .022) were significant predictors for RFS in univariate analysis.ConclusionsPediatric DTC showed aggressive behavior characterized by a high rate of extrathyroidal extension and nodal and pulmonary metastasis. Persistent disease should be distinguished from recurrent disease as DTCs with metastatic disease remain stable for long time and usually respond well to radioiodine therapy. Our study reaffirmed favorable prognosis despite aggressive presentation and even after relapse.
Chronic pain patients' willingness to share personal identifiers on the web for the linkage of medico‐administrative claims and patient‐reported data: The chronic pain treatment cohort
Authors: Lacasse Anaïs , Gagnon Véronique , Nguena Nguefack Hermine Lore , Gosselin Mélissa , Pagé M. Gabrielle , Blais Lucie , Guénette Line 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeThe linkage between patient‐reported data and medico‐administrative claims is of great interest for epidemiologic research. The goal of this study was to assess the willingness of people living with chronic pain to share personal identifiers on the web for the linkage of medico‐administrative and patient‐reported data.MethodsThis methodological investigation was achieved in the context of the implementation of the chronic pain treatment (COPE) cohort. A web‐based recruitment initiative targeting adults living with chronic pain was conducted in the province of Quebec (Canada).ResultsA total of 1935 participants completed the questionnaire (mean age: 49.86 ± 13.27; females: 83.69%), 921 (47.60%) of which agreed to data linkage and shared their personal identifiers (name, date of birth, health insurance number online). The most common reasons for refusal were: (1) concerns regarding data security/privacy (25.71%) and (2) the belief that the requested data were too personal/intrusive (13.52%). Some participants did not understand the relevance of data linkage (11.81%). Participants from the COPE cohort and those from the subsample who agreed to data linkage were comparable to other random samples of chronic pain individuals in terms of age and pain characteristics.ConclusionsAlthough approximately half of the participants refused data linkage, our approach allowed for the implementation of a data platform that contains a diverse and substantial sample. This investigation has also led to the formulation of recommendations for web‐based data linkage, including placing items designed to assess willingness to share personal identifiers at the end of the questionnaire, adding explanatory videos, and using a mixed‐mode questionnaire.
Medication and healthcare use, parent knowledge and cough in children: A cohort study
Authors: Cheng Joan , Mackie Amelia , Chang Anne B. , Grimwood Keith , Scott Mark , King Alex , Goyal Vikas , Marchant Julie M. , O'Grady Kerry‐Ann F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionCough is an important contributor to the health burden of children and their families. There are limited data describing healthcare utilization and medication use over the course of a cough illness beyond the initial presentation. Our primary objective was to describe medication and healthcare use in children with a respiratory illness with cough as a symptom over the course of the illness.MethodsA cohort study of children aged less than 15‐years presenting to three primary healthcare centers and three emergency departments with a cough illness between July 7, 2015 and October 6, 2018. Children with immunosuppression, known chronic lung diseases (except asthma) and those requiring hospitalization at screening were excluded. The primary outcomes were cough‐related frequency and type of healthcare seeking and medication use up to 28 days following enrolment.ResultsData for 465 children were analyzed; median age 2.2‐years (interquartile range = 1.1–5.3). Cough at Day 28 persisted in 117 children (25.2%). Overall, 436 (94%) children received medications in the week before and/or 4 weeks following enrolment. Half with upper respiratory tract infections were prescribed antibiotics. Among children with no diagnosis of asthma, reactive airways disease or croup (n = 404), 16.8% were given steroids. Fifty‐eight percent of children sought healthcare at least once before their baseline presentation (median = 1, range = 0–20) and 49.7% had at least one further presentation in the following 28 days.ConclusionsHigh healthcare utilization, inappropriate medication use, and suboptimal parent knowledge regarding cough suggests targeted education is needed to improve management and reduce cough burden.
Reliability analysis for q‐Weibull distribution with multiply Type‐I censored data
Authors: Jia Xiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe widely used Weibull distribution could be generalized to be q‐Weibull distribution. To fill out the gap in existing literature, the reliability is studied for q‐Weibull distribution with multiply Type‐I censored data, which is the general form of Type‐I censored data. The point estimates and confidence intervals (CIs) for q‐Weibull parameters and reliability parameters such as the reliability and remaining lifetime are all focused on. The maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) are obtained by maximizing the likelihood function and transforming it to an unconstrained optimization problem. The least‐square estimates (LSEs) are proposed by minimizing the single‐variable profile error function derived from reducing the previous multivariable error function. These improvements could make the computation of point estimates efficient. Concerning the CIs, the asymptotic normality of log‐transformed MLE is used to guarantee they fall into the value ranges. Particularly, the closed form for the Fisher information matrix is derived using the missing information principal and is combined with the delta method to construct the CIs for reliability. Besides, the bias‐corrected and accelerated (BCa) bootstrap method is also applied. Further, a Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to compare different point estimates and CIs. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to show the application of the study in this paper.
Reliability analysis of exponentiated Poisson‐exponential constant stress accelerated life test model
Authors: Nassar Mazen , Dey Sanku , Nadarajah Saralees 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAccelerated life testing is an efficient tool frequently adopted for obtaining failure time data of test units in a lesser time period as compared to normal use conditions. We assume that the lifetime data of a product at constant level of stress follows an exponentiated Poisson‐exponential distribution and the shape parameter of the model has a log‐linear relationship with the stress level. Model parameters, the reliability function (RF), and the mean time to failure (MTTF) function under use conditions are estimated based on eight frequentist methods of estimation, namely, method of maximum likelihood, method of least square and weighted least square, method of maximum product of spacing, method of minimum spacing absolute‐log distance, method of Cramér‐von‐Mises, method of Anderson–Darling, and Right‐tail Anderson–Darling. The performance of the different estimation methods is evaluated in terms of their mean relative estimate and mean squared error using small and large sample sizes through a Monte Carlo simulation study. Finally, two accelerated life test data sets are considered and bootstrap confidence intervals for the unknown parameters, predicted shape parameter, predicted RF, and the MTTF at different stress levels, are obtained.
On the use of conditional main effects for de‐aliasing 2k−p designs
Authors: Grima Pere , Rodero Lourdes , Tort‐Martorell Xavier 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA 2017 JQT article presented a methodology for disentangling two‐factor interactions that are aliased with other two‐factor interactions in designs. The methodology is based on the concept of conditional main effects, and it resolves aliasing by considering active the confounded interaction whose estimated effect is similar to one of the main effects of the two factors that are involved in it. This paper shows that there is no justification for this choice and provides examples. The conclusion is that the proposed method may be useful for building parsimonious models, but in general, it is not appropriate for de‐aliasing confounded two‐factor interactions.
Evolution of flower morphology and a natural re‐arrangement of Calyceraceae
Authors: Pozner Raúl Ernesto , Johnson Leigh A. , Denham Silvia Suyai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCalyceraceae is a small South American family sister to Asteraceae. Previous phylogenetic analyses revealed that Calyceraceae genera are para‐ or polyphyletic. Fruit and inflorescence characters used historically as diagnostic in Calyceraceae taxonomy have proven unreliable in defining natural groups. Surprisingly, flower morphology does not appear in diagnoses of Calyceraceae genera, and its diversity and evolution has remained unstudied before now. Based on phylogenetic analyses using six molecular markers and an almost complete sampling of the family (43 of 46 species), we propose a taxonomic re‐arrangement of Calyceraceae. In the search for diagnostic morphological characters, we studied flower structure diversity and optimized 12 discrete characters by maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood to reconstruct floral evolution in the family. Calyceraceae species are arranged in eight genera (three monotypic, five with 6 to 13 species). Two genera are new (Anachoretes, Asynthema), one is reinstated (Leucocera), with the remaining five emended (Acicarpha, Boopis, Calycera, Gamocarpha, Moschopsis). Flower morphology is notably diverse but provides only a few diagnostic features. Many floral attributes likely reflect selection for pollination or fruit dispersal rather than phylogenetic affinity. In the context of this taxonomic revision, we include a key to genera, new and emended diagnoses, and new combinations.
Food safety considerations of urban agroforestry systems grown in contaminated environments
Authors: Romanova Olga , Lovell Sarah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe interest in and establishment of urban gardens and food forests has been growing in recent years. Food production in urban environments has its challenges, however, particularly regarding the safety of edible crops grown in environments that contain potential contaminants. While some studies exist on urban agriculture food safety for annual crops, the literature is limited on relative risks in urban food forests that include fruit‐ and nut‐producing trees and shrubs. This review provides an overview of the potential capacity of woody species (trees and shrubs) to accumulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals (HMs), and metalloids considering the safety of food production in the urban environment. The general trends found in a review of existing literature indicate (a) a lower risk for woody species to accumulate HMs and PAHs compared with vegetables, and (b) less accumulation in the fruit of woody species compared with other plant parts in those same species. However, these trends are not always consistent, and the accumulation of contaminants depends on variety of factors such as the concentration of a given element in the environment, type of contaminant, type of species, and species variety. This study highlights the critical need for more research on the safety of growing edible fruits and nuts on trees and shrubs in urban environments that may contain contaminants.