bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Creation of an Experimental Data Set Containing Coronal Section Images of a Human Head
Authors: Chen Xiang-Dong , Ma Qiong-Jie , Wang Jun , Zhou Yong-Sheng , Geng Man-Ying , Gao Chun-Sheng , Gao Pan , Li Yan 
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The aim of the research is to create an experimental data set of coronal section images of a human head. Methods: The head of a 49-year-old male cadaver was scanned by computed tomography (CT), then perfused with a green filling material via the bilateral common carotid artery, before being frozen and embedded. The head was sectioned along the coronal plane by a computer-controlled 5520 engraving and milling machine, capable of either 0.03-mm or 0.06-mm interspacing. All images were captured with a Canon 5D-Mk III digital camera. Results: A total of 3854 section images were obtained, each with a resolution of 5760 × 3840 pixels. The number of section images at 0.03- and 0.06-mm interspacing were 1437 and 2417, respectively. All the images were stored in JPG and RAW formats. The image size of each RAW format was about 24.5 MB, whereas for JPG format, the equivalent size was about 5.9 MB. All the RAW and JPG images together occupied 117.35 GB of disk space. Conclusions: The interspacing of this data set section was thinner than those of any comparable studies, and the image resolution was higher, too. This data set was also the first to take coronal sections of the human head. The data set contains image information from the smallest structures within the human head and can satisfy the needs of future developments and applications, such as the virtual operation training systems for otolaryngology, ophthalmology, stomatology, and neurosurgery, and help develop medical teaching software and maps.
The monetary valuation of informal care to cancer decedents at end-of-life: Evidence from a national census survey
Authors: Urwin Sean , Van den Berg Bernard , Lau Yiu-Shing , Rowland Christine , Hanratty Barbara , Grande Gunn 
Published: January 2021

Background: Carers’ end-of-life caregiving greatly benefits society but little is known about the monetary value of this care. Aim: Within an end-of-life cancer setting: (1) to assess the feasibility and content validity of a post-bereavement measure of hours of care; and (2) to obtain a monetary value of this informal care and identify variation in this value among sub-groups. Design and setting: A census based cross-sectional survey of all cancer deaths from a 2-week period in England collected detailed data on caregiving activity (10 caregiving tasks and the time spent on each). We descriptively analyse the information carers provided in ‘other’ tasks to inform content validity. We assigned a monetary value of caregiving via the proxy good method and examined variation in the value via regression analysis. Results: The majority of carers (89.9%) were able to complete the detailed questions about hours and tasks. Only 153 carers reported engaging in ‘other’ tasks. The monetary value of caregiving at end-of-life was £948.86 per week with social and emotional support and symptom management tasks representing the largest proportion of this monetary valuation. Time of recall did not substantially relate to variation in the monetary value, whereas there was a stronger association for the relationship between the carer and recipient, carer gender and recipient daily living restrictions. Conclusion: The monetary valuation we produce for carers’ work is substantial, for example the weekly UK Carers’ Allowance only amounts to 7% of our estimated value of £948.86 per week. Our research provides further information on subgroup variation, and a valid carer time instrument and method to inform economic evaluation and policy.
Predicting ureteral status below the ureteral calculi in patients undergoing ureteroscopic lithotomy
Authors: Qin Caipeng , Yin Huaqi , Du Yiqing , Li Qing , Liu Hijun , Xu Tao 
Published: January 2021

Background During ureteroscopy, severe ureter straightness or contortion may occur before the stone is passed. Purpose To identify clinical factors associated with distal ureteral status below the ureteral calculi in patients before surgery. Material and Methods From October 2016 to March 2017, 101 patients with ureteral calculi who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy were reviewed. Patients who lacked clinical data and underwent preoperative indwelling ureteral stent placement were excluded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the clinical factors associated with intraoperative findings. Results A total of 101 patients were enrolled in the study (mean age  =  54 years; mean stone size  =  7.9 ± 4.5 mm). Overall, 25 of the 101 patients (24.7%) were diagnosed with poor distal ureteral status defined as intraoperative ureterostenosis or contortion resulting in a ureteroscope being unable to pass during the initial attempt. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in renal parenchyma thickness, ureteral wall thickening on imaging, and stone location (all, P < 0.05) with and without poor distal ureteral status. On multivariable analysis, renal parenchyma thickness (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.288; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.099–0.838; P = 0.022) and ureteral wall thickening on imaging (aOR 6.114; 95% CI 2.015–18.548; P = 0.001) independently predicted poor distal ureteral status. However, only renal parenchyma thickness was associated with severe ureter straightness or tortuosity that resulted in conversion. Conclusion In conclusion, renal parenchyma thickness and ureteral wall thickening on imaging were associated with poor distal ureteral status. Therefore, patients with these predictive factors should undergo more intensive preparation before surgery.
Efficiency of diffusion-weighted MRI for differentiating radiologically similar simple and type I hydatid cysts of the liver
Authors: Dundar Ilyas , Ozgokce Mesut , Durmaz Fatma , Ozkacmaz Sercan , Turkoglu Saim , Goya Cemil 
Published: January 2021

Background Determining the nature of purely cystic hepatic lesions is essential because different kinds have different follow-ups, treatment options, and complications. Purpose To explore the potential of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for the differentiation of type I hydatid cysts (HC) and simple liver cysts (SLC), which have similar radiological appearances. Material and Methods This single-center prospective study was conducted during 2016–2019. Round, homogenous, anechoic liver cysts >1 cm were classified according to at least two years of imaging follow-up, radiological features, serology, as well as puncture aspiration injection reaspiration procedure and pathology results. ADC values of 95 cysts (50 type I HCs and 45 SLCs) were calculated on DWI. The differences in ADC values were analyzed by independent t-test. Results Of 51 patients, 28 were female, 23 were male (mean age 32.07 ± 22.95 years; age range 5–82 years). Mean diameter of 45 SLCs was 2.59 ± 1.23 cm (range 1.2–7.6 cm) and ADCmean value was 3.03 ± 0.47 (range 2.64–5.85) while mean diameter of 50 type I HCs was 7.49 ± 2.95 cm (range 2.8–14 cm) and ADCmean value was 2.99 ± 0.29 (range 2.36–3.83). There was no statistically significant difference in ADC values between type I HCs and SLCs Conclusion Some studies report that ADC values of type I HCs are statistically significantly lower than those of SLCs. Others suggest no significant difference. In our study with a higher number of cases, using ADC parameters similar to those in previous studies, we did not find any statistically significant difference.
Evaluation of main functional dyspepsia symptoms after probiotic administration in patients receiving conventional pharmacological therapies
Authors: Drago Lorenzo , Meroni Gabriele , Pistone Dario , Pasquale Luigi , Milazzo Giuseppe , Monica Fabio , Aragona Salvatore , Ficano Leonardo , Vassallo Roberto ,   Gastrobiota Group
Published: January 2021

Objective Postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) and epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) are the two main forms of functional dyspepsia (FD). Probiotics are a promising therapy for FD, but current data remains heterogeneous. This work aims to evaluate a probiotic combination of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR04 (DSM 16605), Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LPS01 (DSM 21980), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP01 (LMG P-21021), and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbruekii LDD01 (DMS 22106), alone or together with other pharmacological therapies, for clinical improvement of symptoms associated with FD. Methods Patients with FD were enrolled and divided into two groups: PDS and EPS. Probiotic alone or combined with prokinetics, antacids, or proton-pump-inhibitors were administered for 30 days. A progressive-score scale was used to evaluate symptoms in all patients at the beginning of the trial and at 15 days after the end of treatment. Results A cohort of 2676 patients were enrolled (1 357 with PDS; 1 319 with EPS). All patients showed significant improvements in dyspeptic symptoms following treatment. In patients with PDS, probiotic alone resulted in the lowest prevalence of symptoms following treatment, while patients with EPS showed no clear between-treatment differences. Conclusions Dyspeptic symptoms were reduced following treatment in all patients.
Pathogenicity and transmissibility assessment of two strains of human influenza virus isolated in China in 2018
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Cui Huan , Wang Zhongyi , Dong Shishan , Zhang Chunmao , Li Jiaming , Meng Keyin , Sun Yucheng , Liu Juxiang , Guo Zhendong , Chen Ligong 
Published: January 2021

Objective Influenza season occurs every year in China, but its presentation was unusual in the period from December 2017 to early 2018. During this period, influenza activity was increasing across the country and was much greater than during the same period in previous years, with great harm to people’s health. Methods In this study, we isolated two human influenza virus strains—A/Hebei/F076/2018(H1N1) and B/Hebei/16275B/2018—from patients with severe influenza in Hebei, China, during the flu season in January 2018, and explored their genetic characteristics, pathogenicity, and transmissibility. Results A/Hebei/F076/2018(H1N1) belongs to the human-like H1N1 influenza virus lineage, whereas B/Hebei/16275B/2018 belongs to the Victoria lineage and is closely related to the World Health Organization reference strain B/Brisbane/60/2008. Pathogenicity tests revealed that A/Hebei/F076/2018(H1N1) replicated much more strongly in mice, with mice exhibiting 40% mortality, whereas B/Hebei/16275B/2018 was not lethal. Both viruses could be transmitted through direct contact and by the aerosol route between guinea pigs, but the H1N1 strain exhibited higher airborne transmissibility. Conclusions These results may contribute to the monitoring of influenza mutation and the prevention of an influenza outbreak.
Application of a treatment planning system-assisted large-aperture computed tomography simulator to percutaneous biopsy: initial experience of a radiation therapist
Authors: Lin Xiaoyi , Ma Liqin , Du Kaixin , Hong Junqiang , Luo Shuiying , Lai Youqun , Dai Yongliang , Kong Xiangquan 
Published: January 2021

Objective To evaluate the application of treatment planning system (TPS)-assisted large-aperture computed tomography (CT) simulator to percutaneous biopsy. Methods This retrospective study enrolled patients that underwent TPS-assisted large-aperture CT simulator-guided percutaneous biopsy from November 2018 to December 2019. Retrospective analyses of puncture accuracy were compared using paired t-test and a Wilcoxon rank sum test. The risk factors for puncture accuracy and complications were identified. Results A total of 38 patients were included in this study. There were no significant differences between the planned and actual puncture depth and angle. Pulmonary puncture was significantly associated with the accuracy of the puncture angle. The diagnostic rate of malignancy was 76% (29 of 38), of which 20 of 25 patients were in the group initially diagnosed with unconfirmed lesions and nine of 13 patients were in the group of treated patients that needed additional pathological analyses. For patients that underwent a pulmonary biopsy, 12 had minor pneumothorax and three suffered needle track bleeding. No other complications were observed. Regression analyses indicated a significant correlation between puncture angle and the incidence of pneumothorax. Conclusion TPS-assisted large-aperture CT simulator may improve the percutaneous biopsy procedure by combining the advantages of radiotherapy specialties with computer targeting.
Prevalence of neuropathic pain in terminally ill patients with cancer admitted to a general ward: a prospective observational study
Authors: Yanaizumi Ryota , Nagamine Yusuke , Harada Shinsuke , Kojima Keiko , Tazawa Toshiharu , Goto Takahisa 
Published: January 2021

Objectives To determine the prevalence of neuropathic pain among terminally ill patients with cancer admitted to a general ward, using the International Association for the Study of Pain algorithm. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center. We enrolled terminally ill patients with cancer admitted to the general ward between September 2018 and September 2019. On the day of consultation with our palliative care team, pain management clinicians examined and diagnosed neuropathic pain using the International Association for the Study of Pain diagnostic criteria. Results A total of 108 patients were enrolled during the study period. The median age was 69 years (interquartile range [IQR] 58.3–76.8 years), 72 patients (66.7%) were men, and the median survival time was 33 days (IQR 14.3–62 days). Of the 108 patients, 33 (30.6%) had neuropathic pain. Patients with neuropathic pain had more severe pain than those without neuropathic pain. Conclusions The prevalence of neuropathic pain in terminally ill patients with cancer admitted to a Japanese general ward was 30.6%. Further studies are warranted to elucidate whether the accurate diagnosis of neuropathic pain can improve pain control and/or patient conditions.
Participant-perceived occupational outcomes after two years of yoga for chronic pain
Authors: Rose Caroline M , Atler Karen E , Dickman Portz Jennifer , Andrews Alexandra P , Schmid Arlene A 
Published: January 2021

Introduction The study aim was to investigate the perceived impact and experience of long-term involvement in community-based group yoga for people with chronic pain. Methods Eleven participants, who previously completed an 8-week yoga intervention and continued attending yoga at a community pain clinic for 2 years, participated in the study. A mixed-methods approach was employed. Canadian Occupational Performance Measure data were collected during the 8-week yoga study (baseline) and after 2 years of yoga (follow-up). Baseline and follow-up Canadian Occupational Performance Measure data were compared to measure change in perceived occupational performance and satisfaction. Individual qualitative interviews were conducted to explore participants’ perceived impact and experience of long-term yoga involvement. Canadian Occupational Performance Measure data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and qualitative interviews were analyzed using an inductive approach. Findings Canadian Occupational Performance Measure scores significantly improved between baseline and follow-up. Three main themes emerged from qualitative interviews: (a) Occupational shift from “existing” to “living,” (b) The change process is “progressive,” and (c) Yoga is “a positive thing I do in my life.” Conclusion Long-term involvement in community-based group yoga may improve and sustain occupational performance and satisfaction. Occupational therapists may consider yoga as a tool to promote occupational gains in people with chronic pain.
Making sense of sustainability work: A narrative approach
Authors: Williams Tim , Edwards Melissa , Angus-Leppan Tamsin , Benn Suzanne 
Published: January 2021

Corporate sustainability is a priority for organisations, but the nature of the enabling intra-organisational activities, processes and managerial agency is not well understood. In this study, we examine the activity and agency of corporate sustainability managers through a narrative approach and the novel theoretical lens of ‘sustainability work’: purposeful and strategic activities to shape the social-symbolic context such that social and environmental outcomes are prioritised. Analysing how individuals across a range of diverse organisations and industries frame their activity, we identify three overlapping and co-occurring broad subsets of sustainability work: goal-directed, other-directed and self-directed. Through our notion of sustainability work, we contribute by recasting managerial agency in the enabling of sustainability as occurring in the social-symbolic realm and highlighting the implications in both theory and practice for the professionalisation of sustainability. JEL Classification: M10, M14
Aragonite-Based Scaffold for the Treatment of Joint Surface Lesions in Mild to Moderate Osteoarthritic Knees: Results of a 2-Year Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Kon Elizaveta , Di Matteo Berardo , Verdonk Peter , Drobnic Matej , Dulic Oliver , Gavrilovic Gordan , Patrascu Jenel M. , Zaslav Ken , Kwiatkowski Grzegorz , Altschuler Nir , Robinson Dror 
Published: January 2021

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered a contraindication to most cartilage repair techniques. Several regenerative approaches have been attempted with the aim of delaying or preventing joint replacement, with controversial results. Currently, there is a paucity of data on the use of single-step techniques, such as cell-free biomimetic scaffolds, for the treatment of joint surface lesions (JSLs) in OA knees. Purpose: To present the 2-year follow-up clinical and radiological outcomes after implantation of a novel, cell-free aragonite-based scaffold for the treatment of JSLs in patients with mild to moderate knee OA in a multicenter prospective study. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 86 patients, 60 male and 26 female, with a mean age of 37.4 ± 10.0 years, mild to moderate knee OA, and a mean defect size of 3.0 ± 1.7 cm2, were recruited at 8 medical centers according to the following criteria: radiographic mild to moderate knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2 or 3); up to 3 treatable chondral/osteochondral defects (International Cartilage Repair Society grades 3 and 4) on the femoral condyles or trochlea; a total defect size ≤7 cm2; and no concurrent knee instability, severe axial malalignment, or systemic arthropathy. All patients were evaluated at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after implantation using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to assess the amount of cartilage defect filling at the repaired site. Results: Significant improvement on all KOOS subscales was recorded from baseline (Pain: 49.6 ± 13.1; Activities of Daily Living [ADL]: 56.1 ± 18.4; Sport: 22.8 ± 18.8; Quality of Life [QoL]: 23.5 ± 16.5; Symptoms: 55.4 ± 19.9) to the 24 months’ follow-up (Pain: 79.5 ± 21.1 [ P < .001]; ADL: 84.1 ± 21.4 [ P < .001]; Sport: 60.8 ± 31.9 [ P < .001]; QoL: 54.9 ± 30.4 [ P < .001]; Symptoms: 77.7 ± 21.2 [ P < .001]). The IKDC subjective score showed a similar trend and improved from 37.8 ± 14.7 at baseline to 65.8 ± 23.5 at 24 months ( P < .001). MRI showed a significant increase in defect filling over time: up to 78.7% ± 25.3% of surface coverage after 24 months. Treatment failure requiring revision surgery occurred in 8 patients (9.3%). Conclusion: The use of an aragonite-based osteochondral scaffold in patients with JSLs and mild to moderate knee OA provided significant clinical improvement at the 24-month follow-up, as reported by the patients. These findings were associated with good cartilage defect filling, as observed on MRI.
Mapping Emoji Usage Among Youth
Authors: Shah Reena , Tewari Ruchi 
Published: January 2021

Emoji is now a popular inclusion in technology-mediated communication and a part of everyday expression of users. Yet, there is a dearth of scientifically designed research studies focussing on the human implications of the use of emojis. Limited systematic inquiry in this area is restricted to technical studies focussing on algorithm analysis of humongous quantitative data ignoring the people who are posting these emojis. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt is made to study the use of emojis from an individual’s behavioural perspective borrowing from the classic ‘contagion theory’ and the ‘information-signal theory’. A mixed research approach was adopted to study young university student’s emoji usage behaviour. Focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted on 11 participants with an average age of 22.5 years. The discussion was transcribed and thematic analysis was then conducted from which a survey instrument was developed which was administered to 250 university students. These survey data were then analysed using exploratory factor analysis. Results show that social media platforms, linguistic pattern, social relationships, emotional connect and level of formality and gender emerged as important factors that drive emoji usage. The findings of the study indicate the psychological implications and socio-behavioural impact of emoji usage which can be used for creating regulations and norms. What appears to be casual pictorial supplement of textual messages holds the power to be developed as a stand-alone language which could impact the usage of language-dependent communication.
Anemia Management in Rural Haitian Children: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Martial Marc-Aurel , Sward Katherine A. , Morse Janice M. , Wilson Andrew R. , Martial Cempaka , Penney Debra S. , Nicolas Elie 
Published: January 2021

Introduction We examined factors influencing anemia outcomes in rural children following implementation of a prevention program. Method Mixed methods study of children, parents, and clinicians utilized statistical modeling and content/ethnographic analysis. Retrospective chart abstraction evaluated treatments administered and measured hemoglobin in children aged 6 to 59 months ( n = 161). Prospective interviews/questionnaires examined parent ( n = 51) and clinician ( n = 19) perceptions. Results Anemia prevalence decreased by 21.2%. Predictors of increased hemoglobin were clinic visit number and age at first visit. Once anemia improved, children were likely to remain improved ( P = .65). Despite favorable program perceptions, stakeholders emphasized ecological barriers, including social disadvantage and local practices. Discussion Socioeconomic factors prevented guideline concordant behaviors. Persistent attention to intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community social determinants is a sine qua non for successfully managing the epidemic. The first step to provide culturally congruent care is to explicitly acknowledge that guideline-concordant behaviors are often complex.