bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution‐Processed Stretchable Ag2S Semiconductor Thin Films for Wearable Self‐Powered Nonvolatile Memory
Authors: Jo Seungki , Cho Soyoung , Yang U Jeong , Hwang Gyeong‐Seok , Baek Seongheon , Kim Si‐Hoon , Heo Seung Hwae , Kim Ju‐Young , Choi Moon Kee , Son Jae Sung 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCompared with the large plastic deformation observed in ductile metals and organic materials, inorganic semiconductors have limited plasticity (<0.2%) due to their intrinsic bonding characters, restricting their widespread applications in stretchable electronics. Herein, the solution‐processed synthesis of ductile α‐Ag2S thin films and fabrication of all‐inorganic, self‐powered, and stretchable memory devices, is reported. Molecular Ag2S complex solution is synthesized by chemical reduction of Ag2S powder, fabricating wafer‐scale highly crystalline Ag2S thin films. The thin films show stretchability due to the intrinsic ductility, sustaining the structural integrity at a tensile strain of 14.9%. Moreover, the fabricated Ag2S‐based resistive random access memory presents outstanding bipolar switching characteristics (Ion/Ioff ratio of ≈105, operational endurance of 100 cycles, and retention time >106 s) as well as excellent mechanical stretchability (no degradation of properties up to stretchability of 52%). Meanwhile, the device is highly durable under diverse chemical environments and temperatures from −196 to 300 °C, especially maintaining the properties for 168 h in 85% relative humidity and 85 °C. A self‐powered memory combined with motion sensors for use as a wearable healthcare monitoring system is demonstrated, offering the potential for designing high‐performance wearable electronics that are usable in daily life in a real‐world setting.
Reorientation and Flow of Liquid Crystal for a Pressure Sensor Using Carbon Nanotube Sheets
Authors: Murali Meenu , Rahman MD Asiqur , Scalia Giusy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe network formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the viscoelasticity of liquid crystals (LCs) are synergetic properties that enable the formation of composites very sensitive to external pressure. Using a layered structure with nematic LCs and anisotropic networks formed by highly aligned multiwall CNT sheets, the pressure sensor capability of such structure and its piezoresistive response are demonstrated. The application of pressure on the upper substrate is transmitted via LC elastic deformation and flow onto the underlying CNT sheets, improving the electrical conductance. The fabrication process here is relatively facile and versatile as stretched CNT sheets can be easily transferred to any chosen substrate. The sensor response is linear with decrease of 2.42 Ω kPa−1 as the pressure value increases and it is reversible. The sensitivity depends on the thickness of the overlying LC layer and by its relative change, affected by the spacers during force application, but also on the electrical characteristics of the CNTs. The highest sensitivity is obtained with one single CNT sheet and the responsiveness decreases with the increase of number of layers due to the smaller influence of the LC on the contact resistance of the CNT sheets.
Stabilizing Black Phosphorus via Covalent Functionalization of Solvent Formamide
Authors: He Zuoliang , Liu Rui , Shan Wanyu , Zhao Huachao , Lai Yujian , Li Peng , Liu Jingfu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) has been attracting increasing scientific and technological interest for its excellent materials properties, but suffers from the intrinsic easy oxidization due to the high reactivity of lone‐pair electrons in each phosphorus atom. Herein, solvent formamide (FM) is proposed for the covalent modification of BP by a one‐step ultrasonication without any additive. FM is demonstrated to functionalize BP by the formation of single covalent bond PN, thus occupying the active lone‐pair electrons of P atoms and leading to the significant enhancement of the antioxidative capacity of BP. Density functional theory calculations also rationalize the formation of stable PN bond and its contribution to the high solvent‐exfoliated efficiency during the exfoliation of BP. The plausible reaction mechanism of FM with BP and the final 5‐membered ring structure of products are also proposed to explain the formation process of the stable PN bonds.
The Materials Science Foundation Supporting the Microfabrication of Reliable Polyimide–Metal Neuroelectronic Interfaces
Authors: Kuliasha Cary A. , Judy Jack W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThin‐film polyimide–metal neuroelectronic interfaces hold the potential to alleviate many neurological disorders. However, their long‐term reliability is challenged by an aggressive implant environment that causes delamination and degradation of critical materials, resulting in a degradation or complete loss of implant function. Herein, a rigorous and in‐depth analysis is presented on the fabrication and modification of critical materials in these thin‐film neural interfaces. Special attention is given to improving the interfacial adhesion between thin films and processing modifications to maximize device reliability. Fundamental material analyses are performed on the polyimide substrate and adhesion‐promotion candidates, including amorphous silicon carbide (a‐SiC:H), amorphous carbon, and silane coupling agents. Basic fabrication rules are identified to markedly improve polyimide self‐adhesion, including optimizing the polyimide‐cure profile and maximizing high‐energy surface activation. In general, oxide‐forming materials are identified as poor adhesive aids to polyimide without targeted modifications. Methods are identified to incorporate effective a‐SiC:H interfacial layers to improve metal adherence to polyimide, in addition to examples of alloying between adjacent material layers that can impact the trace resistivity and long‐term reliability of the thin‐film interfaces. The provided rationale and consequences of key decisions made should promote more reproducible science using robust and reliable neuroelectronic technology.
A Highly Programmable Magnetic Micropump
Authors: Peng Xing Yue (Larry) , Peng Linghan , Guo Yaxin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA cheap, small, convenient, reliable, and durable lab‐on‐a‐chip is needed for various scenarios in practical applications. The authors hope to use the chip only after plugging in a mobile phone. An ideal micropump design is obtained by simplifying the micropump theory, reducing the micropump to 1 mm (oscillator pump, O‐pump), the external device (actuator) to 5 mm, and the power to 10 mW. This system costs ≈$10 and can work in harsh fluid environments (such as animal cell culture) for an extended period (a few months of testing). An MP3 player drives two O‐pumps by a programmable playlist. The O‐pump is a permanent magnet positive sphere in an open fluid space, which is not easy to block and rolls freely without wear. Only controlled by the magnetic field, the O‐pump avoids interference from the current, electric field, and chemical activity. The fluid is driven by a vibrating motion, in open or sealed channels, with no unique materials and no other equipment. The debris, bubbles, and fibers in the blood viscosity fluid do not affect the pump's function. The system can be applied in different scenarios, such as the automatic cultivation of stem cells or point‐of‐care devices.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed C−H Activation/Annulation Cascade of Aryl Oximes and Propargyl Alcohols to Isoquinoline N‐Oxides
Authors: Li Yuan , Fang Feifei , Zhou Jianhui , Li Jiyuan , Wang Run , Liu Hong , Zhou Yu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA β‐hydroxy elimination instead of common oxidization to carbonyl group in secondary propargyl alcohols was successfully developed to form 2‐benzyl substituted isoquinoline N‐oxides by a Rhodium‐catalyzed C−H activation and annulation cascade, in which moderate to excellent yields (up to 92%) could be obtained under mild reaction conditions, along with good regioselectivity, broad generality and applicability.magnified image
Comparison of Adsorption Conformation of Comb‐Shaped Polycarboxylate on Tricalcium Aluminate (100) and Ettringite (100) Surfaces: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Zhao Hongxia , Yang Yong , Shu Xin , Wang Tao , Ran Qianping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe adsorption conformations of three comb‐shaped polycarboxylate (PCE) with different numbers of grafted side‐chains on the tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and ettringite surface is studied by all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with INTERFACE‐PCFF forcefield. The similarity of absorbed PCEs on both surfaces is backbones of PCEs absorbed on the surface and the side‐chains extended to liquid phase. The difference is that side‐chains of PCEs keep a tilt angle with the C3A crystal but maintain parallel and closer to ettringite crystals. The absolute value of adsorption energy of PCEs on C3A surface is greater than that on ettringite surface, which indicate the stronger interaction between PCEs and C3A than ettringite. PCE with less side chains is favorable for the adsorption due to stronger electrostatic interaction with surface. Adsorption capacity and water‐reducing ability of PCEs are contradictory. Density of water near the solid–liquid interface is more severely decreased by PCE with more side chains. Correlation of the adsorption conformation of PCEs with the flow behaviors of fresh cement paste is summarized.
Silver Covalently Bound to Cyanographene Overcomes Bacterial Resistance to Silver Nanoparticles and Antibiotics
Authors: Panáček David , Hochvaldová Lucie , Bakandritsos Aristides , Malina Tomáš , Langer Michal , Belza Jan , Martincová Jana , Večeřová Renata , Lazar Petr , Poláková Kateřina , Kolařík Jan , Válková Lucie , Kolář Milan , Otyepka Michal , Panáček Aleš , Zbořil Radek 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ability of bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics is threatening one of the pillars of modern medicine. It was recently understood that bacteria can develop resistance even to silver nanoparticles by starting to produce flagellin, a protein which induces their aggregation and deactivation. This study shows that silver covalently bound to cyanographene (GCN/Ag) kills silver‐nanoparticle‐resistant bacteria at concentrations 30 times lower than silver nanoparticles, a challenge which has been so far unmet. Tested also against multidrug resistant strains, the antibacterial activity of GCN/Ag is systematically found as potent as that of free ionic silver or 10 nm colloidal silver nanoparticles. Owing to the strong and multiple dative bonds between the nitrile groups of cyanographene and silver, as theory and experiments confirm, there is marginal silver ion leaching, even after six months of storage, and thus very high cytocompatibility to human cells. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest strong interaction of GCN/Ag with the bacterial membrane, and as corroborated by experiments, the antibacterial activity does not rely on the release of silver nanoparticles or ions. Endowed with these properties, GCN/Ag shows that rigid supports selectively and densely functionalized with potent silver‐binding ligands, such as cyanographene, may open new avenues against microbial resistance.
The m6A Reader IGF2BP2 Regulates Macrophage Phenotypic Activation and Inflammatory Diseases by Stabilizing TSC1 and PPARγ
Authors: Wang Xia , Ji Yuge , Feng Panpan , Liu Rucheng , Li Guosheng , Zheng Junjie , Xue Yaqiang , Wei Yaxun , Ji Chunyan , Chen Dawei , Li Jingxin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhenotypic polarization of macrophages is regulated by a milieu of cues in the local tissue microenvironment. Currently, little is known about how the intrinsic regulators modulate proinflammatory (M1) versus prohealing (M2) macrophages activation. Here, it is observed that insulin‐like growth factor 2 messenger RNA (mRNA)‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2)‐deleted macrophages exhibit enhanced M1 phenotype and promote dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis development. However, the IGF2BP2−/− macrophages are refractory to interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) induced activation and alleviate cockroach extract induced pulmonary allergic inflammation. Molecular studies indicate that IGF2BP2 switches M1 macrophages to M2 activation by targeting tuberous sclerosis 1 via an N6‐methyladenosine (m6A)‐dependent manner. Additionally, it is also shown a signal transducer and activators of transcription 6 (STAT6)‐high mobility group AT‐hook 2‐IGF2BP2‐peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐γ axis involves in M2 macrophages differentiation. These findings highlight a key role of IGF2BP2 in regulation of macrophages activation and imply a potential therapeutic target of macrophages in the inflammatory diseases.
Cyclic Arginine–Glycine–Aspartate‐Decorated Lipid Nanoparticle Targeting toward Inflammatory Lesions Involves Hitchhiking with Phagocytes
Authors: Sofias Alexandros Marios , Bjørkøy Geir , Ochando Jordi , Sønstevold Linda , Hegvik Maria , Davies Catharina de Lange , Haraldseth Olav , Lammers Twan , Mulder Willem J. M. , Hak Sjoerd 
Published: May 2021

AbstractActive‐targeting nanomedicine formulations have an intricate in vivo behavior. Nanomedicines developed to target endothelial αvβ3‐integrin are recently demonstrated to display extensive uptake by circulating phagocytes. These phagocytes show inherent tumor‐homing capacities and therefore are capable of actively delivering the endocytosed nanomaterial in lesions. Here, the targeting kinetics and mechanisms of cyclic arginine–glycine–aspartate (cRGD)‐decorated lipid nanoparticles (NPs) toward activated vasculature in inflamed lesions during wound healing are studied. The cRGD‐NP targeting toward inflamed lesions is identified to be mechanistically similar to the NP accumulation in cancerous lesions. Through a complementary experimental approach, it is observed that circulating phagocytes engage cRGD‐NPs and are subsequently homed to the inflamed endothelium. The inflammation‐associated phagocytes remain static among endothelial cells upon targeting, resulting in the extensive presence of cRGD‐NP‐positive phagocytes in the angiogenic vessels. Hence, phagocytic immune cells contribute to cRGD‐NP targeting toward angiogenesis. This mechanistic study underlines the need for detailed investigations of NP in vivo behavior. This is critically important for the realization of NPs potential as advanced (immunological) therapeutic agents.
Cooperative organizations of small molecular surfactants and amphiphilic block copolymers: Roles of surfactants in the formation of binary co‐assemblies
Authors: Cao Yuanyuan , Yang Shaobo , Li Yongsheng , Shi Jianlin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe construction of highly ordered organizations through self‐assembly is one of the most popular phenomena both in natural and artificial environments. Amphiphilic molecules are the most commonly used building blocks for the self‐assembly, which are conventionally known as amphiphilic low molecular weight surfactants with polar heads and nonpolar tails, or amphiphilic block copolymers (BCPs) consisting of covalently bonded hydrophilic and hydrophobic block chains. Compared with single surfactant self‐assembly system, binary amphiphiles co‐assembly systems composing of both small mass surfactants and amphiphilic BCPs feature high flexibilities and versatilities in materials designing and structure regulation, ascribing to the vast possibilities of intermolecular interactions within the systems and facile component modulations during the assembly processes. The amphiphilic features of the two kinds of molecules endow them with similar self‐assembly behaviors, while the unique and distinct characters of each kind of amphiphiles lead to various complex but highly diversified co‐assembly systems. According to the roles of the surfactant played in the co‐assembly system, in this review, we summarize the binary co‐assembly systems from three distinct types: 1) the co‐micellization system in which the surfactants are added into the BCPs assemblies as a self‐assembly assistant; 2) the co‐emulsification system in which the surfactants work as an emulsion stabilizer to assist and confine the assembly of BCPs in 3D geometries; 3) the co‐templating system where the individual micelles of both surfactant and BCPs are hierarchically arranged and distributed to guide the formation of hierarchical nanomaterials. Following this, the major potential applications of the nanomaterials synthesized from the binary amphiphiles in biological field are described. Finally, we shortly discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of the binary amphiphiles self‐assembly systems.
Diagnostic value of D‐dimers for limb deep vein thrombosis in children: A prospective study
Authors: Avila Laura , Amiri Nour , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Sealey Victoria Abigail , De Riddhita , Williams Suzan , Vincelli Jennifer , Brandão Leonardo R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present study sought to evaluate the discriminative and predictive ability of D‐dimer for pediatric limb DVT. Children aged 28 days–18 years requiring imaging to rule out limb DVT, as per the treating clinical team, were enrolled in the study. The outcome was ultrasound proven DVT. The D‐dimer levels were obtained around the time of imaging. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression models were used for data analyses. In total, 296 patients were enrolled between 2017–2020; 204 patients were diagnosed with DVT (DVT[+]). Median D‐dimer levels were 2.3 μg/ml FEU (25th–75th percentile 0.9–3.9) among DVT(+) and 1.9 μg/ml FEU (25th–75th percentile 0.8–4.0) among DVT(−) patients (p = 0.60). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45–0.59). The odds ratio for D‐dimer levels was 1.00 (95% CI 0.99–1.01), holding confounders constant. In a sub‐group exploratory analysis including 23 patients with no underlying conditions or co‐morbidities, the AUC curve was 0.90 (95% CI 0.76–1.00). In conclusion, in this prospective cohort study of consecutive children with suspected limb DVT, D‐dimer levels had poor discriminative and predictive ability for DVT. However, D‐dimer levels showed better discriminative and predictive ability for DVT in an exploratory sample of patients with no underlying conditions or co‐morbidities at the time of diagnosis.
Sex differences in anxiety and depression in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Investigating genetic liability and comorbidity
Authors: Martin Joanna , Shameem Agha Sharifah , Eyre Olga , Riglin Lucy , Langley Kate , Hubbard Leon , Stergiakouli Evie ,   Psychiatric Genomics Consortium ADHD Working Group, O'Donovan Michael , Thapar Anita 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is unknown why attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more common in males, whereas anxiety and depression show a female population excess. We tested the hypothesis that anxiety and depression risk alleles manifest as ADHD in males. We also tested whether anxiety and depression in children with ADHD show a different etiology to typical anxiety and depression and whether this differs by sex. The primary clinical ADHD sample consisted of 885 (14% female) children. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using standardized interviews. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were derived using large genetic studies. Replication samples included independent clinical ADHD samples (N = 3,794; 25.7% female) and broadly defined population ADHD samples (N = 995; 33.4% female). We did not identify sex differences in anxiety or depression PRS in children with ADHD. In the primary sample, anxiety PRS were associated with social and generalized anxiety in males, with evidence of a sex‐by‐PRS interaction for social anxiety. These results did not replicate in the broadly defined ADHD sample. Depression PRS were not associated with comorbid depression symptoms. The results suggest that anxiety and depression genetic risks are not more likely to lead to ADHD in males. Also, the evidence for shared etiology between anxiety symptoms in those with ADHD and typical anxiety was weak and needs replication.
Enabling Lithium Metal Anode in Nonflammable Phosphate Electrolyte with Electrochemically Induced Chemical Reactions
Authors: Zhang Haochuan , Luo Jingru , Qi Miao , Lin Shiru , Dong Qi , Li Haoyi , Dulock Nicholas , Povinelli Christopher , Wong Nicholas , Fan Wei , Bao Junwei Lucas , Wang Dunwei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLithium metal anode holds great promises for next‐generation battery technologies but is notoriously difficult to work with. The key to solving this challenge is believed to lie in the ability of forming stable solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers. To further address potential safety issues, it is critical to achieve this goal in nonflammable electrolytes. Building upon previous successes in forming stable SEI in conventional carbonate‐based electrolytes, here we report that reversible Li stripping/plating could be realized in triethyl phosphate (TEP), a known flame retardant. The critical enabling factor of our approach was the introduction of oxygen, which upon electrochemical reduction induces the initial decomposition of TEP and produces Li3PO4 and poly‐phosphates. Importantly, the reaction was self‐limiting, and the resulting material regulated Li plating by limiting dendrite formation. In effect, we obtained a functional SEI on Li metal in a nonflammable electrolyte. When tested in a symmetric Li∥Li cell, more than 300 cycles of stripping/plating were measured at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2. Prototypical Li‐O2 and Li‐ion batteries were also fabricated and tested to further support the effectiveness of this strategy. The mechanism by which the SEI forms was studied by density functional theory (DFT), and the predictions were corroborated by the successful detection of the intermediates and products.
High‐Energy‐Density Magnesium‐Air Battery Based on Dual‐Layer Gel Electrolyte
Authors: Li Luhe , Chen Hao , He Er , Wang Lie , Ye Tingting , Lu Jiang , Jiao Yiding , Wang Jiacheng , Gao Rui , Peng Huisheng , Zhang Ye 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMg‐air batteries are explored as the next‐generation power systems for wearable and implantable electronics as they could work stably in neutral electrolytes and are also biocompatible. However, high corrosion rate and low utilization of Mg anode largely impair the performance of Mg‐air battery with low discharge voltage, poor specific capacity and low energy density. Here, to the best of our knowledge, we first report a dual‐layer gel electrolyte to simultaneously solve the above two problems by preventing the corrosion of Mg anode and the production of dense passive layer, respectively. The resulting Mg‐air batteries produced an average specific capacity of 2190 mAh g−1 based on the total Mg anode (99.3 % utilization rate of Mg anode) and energy density of 2282 Wh kg−1 based on the total anode and air electrode, both of which are the highest among the reported Mg‐air batteries. Besides, our Mg‐air batteries could be made into a fiber shape, and they were flexible to work stably under various deformations such as bending and twisting.
Liquid‐Phase Synthesis of Highly Reactive Rare‐Earth Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Bartenbach Daniel , Wenzel Olivia , Popescu Radian , Faden Lara‐Pauline , Reiß Andreas , Kaiser Michelle , Zimina Anna , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk , Gerthsen Dagmar , Feldmann Claus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe first liquid‐phase synthesis of high‐quality, small‐sized rare‐earth metal nanoparticles (1–3 nm)—ranging from lanthanum as one of the largest (187 pm) to scandium as the smallest (161 pm) rare‐earth metal—is shown. Size, oxidation state, and reactivity of the nanoparticles are examined (e.g., electron microscopy, electron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, selected reactions). Whereas the nanoparticles are highly reactive (e.g. in contact to air and water), they are chemically stable as THF suspensions and powders under inert conditions. The reactivity can be controlled to obtain inorganic and metal–organic compounds at room temperature.