bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gelatin‐Hyaluronan Click‐Crosslinked Cryogels Elucidate Human Macrophage Invasion Behavior
Authors: Bahlmann Laura C. , Baker Alexander E. G. , Xue Chang , Liu Sophie , Meier‐Merziger Moritz , Karakas Danielle , Zhu Luke , Co Ileana , Zhao Spencer , Chin Allysia , McGuigan Alison , Kuruvilla John , Laister Rob C. , Shoichet Molly S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHydrogel models of metastasis traditionally focus on the invasion of cancer cells; however, other cells in the tumor microenvironment that are associated with metastasis also have the ability to migrate. Macrophage phenotype plays a key role in the tumor microenvironment, yet understanding their migration within tunable 3D in vitro models has been limited. To gain a greater understanding of macrophage invasive behavior, stable and transparent oxime‐crosslinked cryogels comprised of click‐crosslinked gelatin‐oxyamine and hyaluronan‐aldehyde (GELox‐HAa) are synthesized. Fibronectin‐derived, oxyamine‐modified PHSRN‐RGDSP peptides are incorporated to further mimic the tumor extracellular matrix without impacting cryogel mechanics. It is found that primary human macrophages migrate to a greater depth in cryogels with greater porosity and pore size. To better understand the mechanism of migration, cells are treated with either inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) and a predominantly MMP‐mediated mechanism of invasion is found. Macrophage polarization studies reveal that anti‐inflammatory, interleukin‐4/13 (IL4/IL13)‐treated macrophages migrate through cryogels to a greater extent than pro‐inflammatory, interferon‐gamma/lipopolysaccharide (IFNγ/LPS)‐treated cells. Interestingly, polarized macrophages move through cryogels using a combination of amoeboid and mesenchymal migration. These findings of macrophage invasion in this cryogel platform set the stage for their further study in a biomimetic tumor microenvironment.
Single Platinum Atoms Immobilized on Monolayer Tungsten Trioxide Nanosheets as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Deliang , Li Haiping , Du Na , Hou Wanguo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMonolayer WO3·H2O (ML‐WO3·H2O) nanosheets are synthesized via a space‐confined strategy, and then a single‐atom catalyst (SAC) is constructed by individually immobilizing Pt single atoms (Pt‐SA) on monolayer WO3 (ML‐WO3). The Pt‐SA/ML‐WO3 retains the monolayer structure of ML‐WO3·H2O, with a quite high monolayer ratio up to ≈93%, and possesses rich defects (O and W vacancies). It exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance, with a small overpotential (η) of −22 mV to drive −10 mA cm−2 current, a low Tafel slope of ≈27 mV dec−1, an ultrahigh turnover frequency of ≈87 H2 s−1 site−1 at η = −50 mV, and long‐term stability. Of particular note, it exhibits an ultrahigh mass activity of ≈87 A mgPt−1 at η = −50 mV, which is ≈160 times greater than that of the state‐of‐the‐art commercial catalyst, 20 wt% Pt/C (≈0.54 A mgPt−1). Experimental and DFT analyses reveal that its excellent performance arises from the strong synergetic effect between the single Pt atoms and the support. This work provides an effective route for large‐scale fabrication of ML‐WO3 nanosheets, demonstrates ML‐WO3 is an excellent support for SACs, and also reveals the great potential of SACs in reducing the amount of noble metals used in catalysts.
Green Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with 200 Hours Stability and 16% Efficiency: Cross‐Linking Strategy and Mechanism
Authors: Han Boning , Yuan Shichen , Cai Bo , Song Jizhong , Liu Wenqiang , Zhang Fengjuan , Fang Tao , Wei Changting , Zeng Haibo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAccording to the thinner emitting layer and stronger electric field in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) than those in perovskite solar cells, the strong electric‐field‐driven ion‐migration is a key issue for the operational stability of PeLEDs. Here, a methylene‐bis‐acrylamide cross‐linking strategy is proposed to both passivate defects and suppress ion‐migration with an emphasis on the suppressing mechanism via in situ investigations. As typical results, in addition to the enhanced external quantum efficiency (EQE, 16.8%), PeLEDs exhibit preferable operational stability with a half lifetime (T50) of 208 h under continuous operation with an initial luminance of 100 cd m−2. Moreover, the EQE of cross‐linked LEDs can maintain above 15% during 25 times scanning as the devices are measured every 4 days. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the highest stability published until now for high‐efficiency PeLEDs with EQE over 15%. The in situ/ex situ mechanism investigation demonstrates that such cross‐linking increases binding energy from 0.54 to 0.92 eV and activation energy from 0.21 to 0.5 eV. Hence, it suppresses ligands breaking away and ion migration, which prevents ions from moving inside and across crystals. The proposed cross‐linking passivation strategy thus provides an effective methodology to fabricate stable perovskites‐based photoelectric devices.
Building Elastic Solid Electrolyte Interphases for Stabilizing Microsized Antimony Anodes in Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Du Xiaoqiong , Gao Yao , Zhang Biao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlloy anodes composed of microsized particles receive increasing attention recently, which outperform the nanostructured counterparts in both the manufacturing cost and volumetric energy density. However, the pulverization of particles and fracture of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during cycling brings about fast capacity degradation. Herein, it is shown how normally considered fragile SEI can become highly elastic through electrolyte chemistry regulation. Compared to the SEI constructed in classic carbonate electrolyte, the atomic force microscopy tests reveal that the one built in ether‐based electrolyte doubles the maximum elastic strain to accommodate the repeated swelling‐contracting. Such an SEI effectively encapsulates the microsized Sb anodes to prevent the capacity loss from particle isolation. Coupled with an intercalation‐assisted alloying reaction mechanism, a sustained capacity of ≈573 mAh g−1 after 180 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 with outstanding initial Coulombic efficiency is obtained, which is among the highest values achieved in K‐ion batteries. This study emphasizes the significance of building robust SEI, which offers the opportunity to enable stable microsized alloy anodes.
Strong Room‐Temperature Ferroelectricity in Strained SrTiO3 Homoepitaxial Film
Authors: Li Tianyu , Deng Shiqing , Liu Hui , Sun Shengdong , Li Hao , Hu Shuxian , Liu Shi , Xing Xianran , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough the discovery of exceptional ferroelectricity in paraelectrics offers great opportunities to enrich the diversity of the ferroelectric family and promote the development of novel functionalities, transformation of paraelectric phases into ferroelectric phases remains challenging. Herein, a method is presented for driving paraelectrics into ferroelectric states via the introduction of M/O‐deficient (M for metal) perovskite nanoregions. Using this method, strong ferroelectricity, equivalent to that of classic ferroelectrics, is achieved in a prototype paraelectric strontium titanate (SrTiO3) homoepitaxial film embedded with Ti/O‐deficient perovskite nanoregions. It is shown that these unique nanoregions impose large out‐of‐plane tensile strain and electron‐doping effects on the matrix to form a tetragonal structure (tetragonality = 1.038), driving the off‐center movements of Ti and Sr atoms. This leads to a significant room‐temperature ferroelectric polarization (maximum polarization = 41.6 µC cm−2 and spontaneous polarization = 25.2 µC cm−2 at 1.60 MV cm−1) with a high thermal stability (Tstable ≈ 1098 K). The proposed approach can be applied to various paraelectrics for creating ferroelectricity and generating emergent physical properties, opening the door to a new realm of materials design.
Psychometric properties of the brief version of the questionnaire of olfactory disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Mattos Jose L. , Bodner Todd E. , Mace Jess C. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Beswick Daniel M. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Alt Jeremiah A. , Payne Spencer C. , Smith Timothy L. , Soler Zachary M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders‐Negative Statements (QOD‐NS) is a 17‐item instrument measuring olfactory‐specific quality of life (QOL). However, in clinical research patients can be overwhelmed with multiple questionnaires. We recently developed the 7‐item brief QOD‐NS (B‐QOD). Our objective was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the B‐QOD in both the development (D) sample, and in a separate replication (R) sample.MethodsTesting on D (n = 203) and R (n = 281) samples included initial exploratory factor analysis (EFA), followed by internal reliability, information loss, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Finally, incremental predictive utility analysis (IPUA) was performed by correlating the B‐QOD with the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) survey.ResultsEFAs of both D and R demonstrated an underlying single‐factor structure (eigenvalue = 4.17 and 3.57, respectively) with comparable loading factors (R > 0.30 for both). B‐QOD also had good internal reliability in both D and R (Cronbach's alpha = 0.88 and 0.83, respectively). Also, there is minimal information loss with B‐QOD compared to QOD‐NS in both D and R (R = 0.98 and 0.96, respectively). CFA indicates that the B‐QOD single‐factor model has good overall fit as measured by the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and the Standardized Root Mean Squared Residuals (SRMSR) in the D and R samples (CFI = 0.99 and 0.97; SRMSR = 0.035 and 0.053). IPUA shows that the QOD‐NS offers no additional predictive benefit of SNOT‐22 scores when compared with B‐QOD.ConclusionThe 7‐item B‐QOD captures a structurally coherent and reliable single dimension, with minimal information loss and excellent external predictive utility when compared to the QOD‐NS.
Disease involvement in the central compartment in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Makary Chadi A. , Falco Jeffrey , Sussman Sarah , Ryan Lindsey , Reyes Camilo , Ramadan Hassan , Kountakis Stilianos E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate disease presence in the central compartment (CC) in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).MethodsPatients with eosinophilic CRS were divided into three endotypes: aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), and eosinophilic CRS with nasal polyps (eCRSwNP). CT scans were reviewed for CC involvement, defined as the area between the superior nasal septum (SNS) and middle turbinate (MT). CC involvement was measured based on the degree of opacification (0: no opacification, 1: up to 50% opacification, and 2: >50% opacification), and distance from SNS to MT (mm). Patients who had lateralized MTs from prior surgery as the cause of CC widening were excluded. Patients who underwent orbital decompression were included as a control group.ResultsFifty patients in each group (AERD, AFRS, and eCRSwNP) and 50 control patients were included. Average number of surgeries was 2.5 in AERD (p = 0.05), 2 in AFRS (p = 0.4), and 1.7 in eCRSwNP. Preoperative CC distance was significantly higher in AERD versus control, AFRS, and eCRSwNP: 4.2 versus 2.8 mm (p < 0.0001), 4.2 versus 1.9 mm (p < 0.0001), and 4.2 versus 2.7 mm (p < 0.0001), respectively. Postoperatively, CC distance and degree of opacification were significantly higher in AERD versus control, AFRS, and eCRSwNP. Within the AERD group, CC distance was significantly higher postoperatively than preoperatively (6.5 vs. 4.2 mm, p = 0.002).ConclusionCC involvement is more significant in AERD patients and if present, rhinologists should be suspicious of the diagnosis. This area could represent a source of inflammatory load in patients with AERD.
Engineering of a Peptide α‐N‐Methyltransferase to Methylate Non‐Proteinogenic Amino Acids
Authors: Song Haigang , Burton Antony J. , Shirran Sally L. , Fahrig‐Kamarauskaitė Jūratė , Kaspar Hannelore , Muir Tom W. , Künzler Markus , Naismith James H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction of α‐N‐methylated non‐proteinogenic amino acids into peptides can improve their biological activities, membrane permeability and proteolytic stability. This is commonly achieved, in nature and in the lab, by assembling pre‐methylated amino acids. The more appealing route of methylating amide bonds is challenging. Biology has evolved an α‐N‐automethylating enzyme, OphMA, which acts on the amide bonds of peptides fused to its C‐terminus. Due to the ribosomal biosynthesis of its substrate, the activity of this enzyme towards peptides with non‐proteinogenic amino acids has not been addressed. An engineered OphMA, intein‐mediated protein ligation and solid‐phase peptide synthesis have allowed us to demonstrate the methylation of amide bonds in the context of non‐natural amides. This approach may have application in the biotechnological production of therapeutic peptides.
Enhancing Rechargeable Persistent Luminescence via Organic Dye Sensitization
Authors: Li Zhanjun , Zhao Yang , Huang Kai , Huang Ling , Zhang Yuanwei , Yang Hong , Han Gang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOwing to their unique afterglow ability, long‐wavelength light activatable persistent luminescence (PersL) nanoparticles (PLNPs) have been emerging as an important category of imaging probes. Long‐wavelength LED light has been shown to be effective in recharging these nanoparticles. However, finding a simple and effective method to amplify such renewable PersL signals under long‐wavelength light is still a key challenge. Herein, we discovered that a dye‐sensitization strategy was able to effectively boost the renewable PersL signals of the NIR emitting ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ (ZGC)) under long‐wavelength LED light. Moreover, as a proof‐of‐principle tumorectomy demonstration, this new class of dye sensitized ZGC enabled simultaneous intraoperative anatomic tumor navigation and effective microscopic detection of tumor cells in pathological diagnosis.
Bioinspired Network Analysis Enabled Divergent Syntheses and Structure Revision of Pentacyclic Cytochalasans
Authors: Wu Hai , Ding Yiming , Hu Kun , Long Xianwen , Qu Chunlei , Puno Pema‐Tenzin , Deng Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe accomplished the divergent total syntheses of ten pentacyclic cytochalasans (aspergillin PZ, trichodermone, trichoderones, flavipesines, and flavichalasines) from a common precursor aspochalasin D and revised the structures of trichoderone B, spicochalasin A, flavichalasine C, aspergilluchalasin based on structure network analysis of the cytochalasans biosynthetic pathways and DFT calculations. The key steps of the syntheses include transannular alkene/epoxyalkene and carbonyl‐ene cyclizations to establish the C/D ring of pentacyclic aspochalasans. Our bioinspired approach to these pentacyclic cytochalasans validate the proposed biosynthetic speculation from a chemical view and provide a platform for the synthesis of more than 400 valuable cytochalasans bearing different macrocycles and amino‐acid residues.
Lewis‐Base‐Brønsted‐Säure‐Enzym‐Katalyse in enantioselektiven mehrstufigen Eintopf‐Synthesen
Authors: Mantel Marvin , Giesler Markus , Guder Marian , Rüthlein Elisabeth , Hartmann Laura , Pietruszka Jörg 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDie Etablierung von Eintopf‐Mehrschritt‐Protokollen, die verschiedene Arten von Katalysatoren kombinieren, ist ein wichtiges Ziel zur Steigerung der Effizienz in der modernen organischen Synthese. Insbesondere das hohe Potenzial von Biokatalysatoren muss noch ausgeschöpft werden. Basierend auf einer eingehenden mechanistischen Untersuchung eines neuen organokatalytischen Protokolls unter Verwendung zweier Katalysatoren {1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan (DABCO); Benzoesäure (BzOH)} wurde eine Sequenz etabliert, die Ausgangsmaterialien für die enzymatische Veredelung (Enreduktase; Alkohol‐Dehydrogenase) bereitstellt: Indem bis zu sechs katalytische Schritte innerhalb desselben Reaktionsgefäßes genutzt wurden, konnte ein Zugang zu einer Vielzahl von enantiomerenreinen Schlüsselbausteinen für die Naturstoffsynthese im Grammmaßstab ermöglicht werden.
A Vibration‐Induced‐Emission‐Based Fluorescent Chemosensor for the Selective and Visual Recognition of Glucose
Authors: Ramos‐Soriano Javier , Benitez‐Benitez Sergio J. , Davis Anthony P. , Galan M. Carmen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe development of chemosensors to detect analytes in biologically relevant solutions is a challenging task. We report the synthesis of a fluorescent receptor that combines vibration‐induced emission (VIE) and dynamic covalent chemistry for the detection of glucose in aqueous media. We show that the bis‐2‐(N‐methylaminomethyl)phenylboronic acid‐decorated N,N′‐diphenyl‐dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazine (DPAC) receptor 1 can detect glucose and discriminate between closely related monosaccharides including those commonly found in blood. Preliminary studies suggest monosaccharides bind to the DPAC‐receptor with a 1:1 stoichiometry to produce pseudomacrocyclic complexes, which in turn leads to distinct optical changes in the fluorescent emission of the receptor for each host. Moreover, the complexation‐induced change in emission can be detected visually and quantified in a ratiometric way. Our results highlight the potential of VIE‐type receptors for the quantitative determination of saccharides in biological samples.
Enhancement of the rheological properties of magnetorheological elastomer via polystyrene‐grafted carbonyl iron particles
Authors: Jamari Siti Khumaira Mohd , Nordin Nur Azmah , Ubaidillah U. , Aziz Siti Aishah Abdul , Mazlan Saiful Amri , Nazmi Nurhazimah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, carbonyl iron particles (CIP) was grafted with polystyrene coating on its surface via polymerization method, and the coated‐CIPs were then embedded into a silicone rubber with the ratio of 70:30 of CIP to silicone rubber in order to enhance the rheological properties of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) in terms of lower initial storage modulus and higher MR effect. By using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) that is equipped with the energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy for elemental analysis, it was observed that elements of C, N, O, Si, Fe, Br, Cu, and Sn were detected, confirming that the coating layer has been successfully developed on the CIP. Additionally, the investigation of the rheological characteristics was conducted at 25°C with three different sweep conditions using rheometer MCR 302. Firstly the strain amplitude was swept from 0.001% to 10% strain with 1 Hz frequency. Then, the frequency was varied from 1 Hz to 100 Hz under 0.01% strain at an applied current of 0–5 A. Lastly, the current was swept from 0 to 5 A under 0.01% strain amplitude and 1 Hz excitation frequency. It was discovered that the storage modulus of the polystyrene‐coated CIP MRE is lower than that of uncoated‐CIP MRE in all three sweep profiles. Advantageously, the magnetorheological (MR) effect of the coated‐CIP MRE sample is higher than that of the uncoated‐CIP MRE by 28.04%. Moreover, it was found that the coated‐CIP MRE exhibited higher damping behavior with more than 0.14 loss factor than 0.12 loss factor of the uncoated sample. The dimensional stability of polystyrene coating on the CIP was an attributing factor to this enhanced damping behavior of the coated‐CIP MRE. Thus, it became clear that the polystyrene‐coated CIP embedment in MRE is more desirable than that of MRE with uncoated CIP.
Monitor growing protections for LGBTQ+ employees
Authors: Patterson Jollee Faber , Burris Erin 
Published: April 2021

Institutions of higher education should pay close attention to recent events increasing protections for LGBTQ+ individuals, as both the U.S. Supreme Court and President Joe Biden have taken significant action on this front and more changes are likely on the horizon. Just last year, the U.S. Supreme Court expanded employment protections under Title VII to prohibit discrimination on the basis of gender identity and sexual orientation. And on the first day of his presidency, President Biden issued an executive order announcing that those same protections will apply under his administration's enforcement of Title IX. In February 2021, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the Equality Act, which would amend the Civil Rights Act to include protections against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in employment, housing, public accommodations, and other services. Although the Equality Act will still need to pass in the Senate, it's clear there are growing legal protections for LGBTQ+ individuals, and education institutions must act accordingly.
Trends and causes of readmission following peripheral vascular intervention in patients with peripheral vascular disease
Authors: Moussa Pacha Homam , Mir Tanveer , Al‐khadra Yasser , Sattar Yasar , Ullah Waqas , Zaher Nathan , Ahmad Bachar , M. Suleiman Abdul‐Rahman , Darmoch Fahed , Soud Mohamad , Faraz Haroon , Hakim Zaher , Alraies M. Chadi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo study the risk factors associated with 30‐readmission postperipheral vascular intervention (PVI) in peripheral artery disease (PAD).BackgroundThere has been a paucity of data regarding the trend and predictors of PVI readmission.MethodsWe performed an observational cohort study of patients admitted with peripheral vascular disease for PVI using the NRD for the years 2010–2014. PVI was defined as angioplasty, atherectomy, and/or stenting of lower limb vessels.ResultsA total of 453,278 patients (30‐day readmission n = 97,235). The mean age of study population was 68.6 ± 12.2 years and included 43.8% women. The 30‐day readmission post‐PVI was 21.5% (p = .034). Cardiovascular causes constitute 44% of readmission. Chronic limb ischemia and intermittent claudication were two most common cardiovascular causes constituting 11.7 and 4.9% cases of readmissions. Other cardiac causes of readmissions included heart failure (4.64%), dysrhythmias (1.4%), and acute myocardial infarction (1.7%). The high‐risk factors for of all‐cause 30‐day readmission were hypertension, CLI, diabetes, renal failure, dyslipidemia, smoking, chronic pulmonary disease, and atrial fibrillation (p < .005). Length‐of‐stay was greater than 5 days for 56.2 and 75.4% paid by Medicare.ConclusionsOur study shows an average yearly readmission rate of 21.5% post‐PVI. Chronic comorbidities and prolonged hospitalization were associated with higher risk of readmission.
Polysaccharide Chemistry in Drug Delivery, Endocrinology, and Vaccines
Authors: Khalid Aimen , Asim‐ur‐Rehman  , Ahmed Naveed , Chaudhery Iqra , Al‐Jafary Meneerah A. , Al‐Suhaimi Ebtesam Abdullah , Tarhini Mohamad , Lebaz Noureddine , Elaissari Abdelhamid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolysaccharides, due to their outstanding properties, have attracted the attention of researchers, working in the biomedical field and especially of those working in drug delivery. Modified/functionalized polysaccharides further increase the importance for various applications. Delivery of therapeutics for diverse ailments in different endocrine glands and hormones safely, is a focal point of researchers working in the field. Among the routes followed, the transdermal route is preferred due to non‐exposure of active moieties to the harsh gastric environment and first‐pass metabolism. This review starts with the overview of polysaccharides used for the delivery of various therapeutic agents. Advantages of polysaccharides used in the transdermal route are addressed in detail. Types of polysaccharides will be elaborated through examples, and in this context, special emphasis will be on the polysaccharides being used for synthesis of the membranes/films. Techniques employed for their modification to design novel carriers for therapeutics delivery will also be discussed. The review will end with a brief discussion on recent developments and future perspectives for delivery of therapeutic agents, and vaccine development.