bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation documentaire créditée et obligatoire aux cycles supérieurs : contexte et bénéfices pour la clientèle étudiante et le corps professoral
Authors: Basque Élise Anne , Brodeur Christine , Du Ruisseau Manon , Roberge Jimmy , Soare Arina , Tremblay Marie 
Published: March 2021

Depuis 2002, la Bibliothèque de Polytechnique Montréal offre des formations documentaires obligatoires et créditées, et plus de 5 000 étudiants et étudiantes aux cycles supérieurs en génie y ont participé. Un sondage effectué au fil des ans révèle que plus de 90 % de la clientèle étudiante est satisfaite des apprentissages réalisés durant les cours. Les étudiants et étudiantes apprécient particulièrement apprendre à créer et exécuter une stratégie de recherche complexe dans une base de données bibliographiques, mais aussi découvrir de nouvelles ressources et en apprendre davantage sur le plagiat et le droit d’auteur. Les résultats d’un sondage auprès du corps professoral font ressortir que ses membres jugent ces formations utiles, une grande majorité d’entre eux indiquant qu’elles ont permis à leurs étudiants et étudiantes de produire de meilleures revues de littérature. Les facteurs de succès de ces formations comprennent l’aspect crédité et obligatoire, les travaux portant sur le sujet de recherche et l’encadrement par les bibliothécaires. Outre les bénéfices pour la clientèle étudiante et le corps professoral, ces formations documentaires contribuent aussi au développement professionnel des bibliothécaires et amènent les bibliothèques universitaires à faire davantage partie de l’équation pour favoriser le succès des activités de recherche et d’enseignement de leur institution.
Étude de la diversité des insectes nécrophages associés à la décomposition d’une carcasse de porc (Sus domesticus Erxleben) au cours de l’hiver 2012-2013 au Québec
Authors: Grégoire Taillefer Amélie , Giroux Marjolaine 
Published: March 2021

L’étude de la décomposition des carcasses de vertébrés est généralement réalisée lorsque les insectes nécrophages sont actifs ; au printemps, en été et en automne. Mais que se passe-t-il si un animal meurt quelques jours avant l’arrivée des températures froides et de la neige ? Pour répondre à cette question de façon préliminaire, une carcasse de porcelet (30 kg) a été installée dans un boisé de feuillus de novembre 2012 à mai 2013. Pour documenter le processus de décomposition, la carcasse a été photographiée et les insectes échantillonnés à intervalles réguliers. Les résultats démontrent que les températures froides ont perturbé les étapes de décomposition normalement observées (corps frais, gonflé, putréfié, post-putréfié et sec/restes) lors des saisons plus chaudes. En outre, en raison de fluctuations climatiques, seules deux (corps frais/congelé et corps putréfié) des trois premières étapes ont été observées. Les stades post-putréfié et sec n’ont pas été documentés puisque l’expérience a pris fin très tôt au printemps. En novembre, seules 6 espèces de diptères appartenant à 5 familles ont été observées en très petits nombres. Enfin, les redoux des mois de mars et avril ont permis de capturer des coléoptères (8 espèces de 4 familles) et des diptères (21 espèces de 11 familles), dont des Heleomyzidae qui ont été parmi les premiers à visiter la carcasse.
A Comparison of Land Use Classifications in Urbanized Areas in Selected European Countries
Authors: Matuk Olga 
Published: March 2021

The real estate cadastre is the primary source of information on land use. It records information related to the division of land into types based on the actual way of land use or development. The distinguished types of land use depend on many geographical factors, as well as historical and economic conditions. The study presents a comparison of the detail of land use classification registered in the real estate cadastre in areas functionally related to the urban areas of 9 European countries: Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Spain, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Germany and Poland. The research concerned the determination of the degree to which the classification of land use in urbanized areas is detailed, whether the studied European countries are characterized by the same number of distinguished classes of objects at different levels of detail, and what percentage are the distinguished classes of land use objects in urbanized areas in relation to all of the distinguished classes of objects land use at different levels of detail of classification. The study used legal acts regulating land use issues which have been made available in national languages by government institutions.
COVID-19: Achieving Maximum Medical Improvement and Assessing Permanent Impairment
Authors: Talmage James B. , Hyman Mark H. , Brigham Christopher R. , Gulick Sarah H. , Burton Leslie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have persistent symptoms beyond the normally expected illness resolution. This disease was not diagnosed before late 2019, and therefore, we have more limited experience in understanding all of its outcomes. Thus, clinical, functional, and permanent impairment assessment is challenging. Symptoms including fatigue, dyspnea, and cognitive difficulties have been referred to as “post-acute COVID,” “long COVID,” or “long haulers.”
Patients who present for assessment of causation, maximum medical improvement (MMI), and permanent impairment can be challenging. For some examinees, after 6 to 12 months without outgoing improvement and with appropriate investigation, treatment, and rehabilitation, the examinee can be considered at MMI. However, because this disorder is new and appropriate treatment may be unclear, the time to achieve MMI is less certain. Physicians may use approaches in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), to help define MMI. As science evolves, so will our understanding of how to evaluate chronic problems associated with COVID-19.
Rating Peripheral Nerves of the Lower Extremities Using the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition
Authors: Talmage James B. , Blaisdell Jay , Brigham Christopher R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nerve lesions caused by traumatic events to the lower extremity's peripheral nerves are rated using Section 16.4 of the sixth edition of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides). Results from sensory and motor nerve tests are used to assign the impairment class within Table 16-12, Peripheral Nerve Impairment (6th ed, 534). The default rating may be modified with the functional history and clinical studies modifiers, but not the physical examination modifier, because it is used to assign the impairment class and define the degree of neurologic severity. Impairment for both sensory and motor deficits are assigned and then combined at the lower extremity level.
Rodentia
Authors: Montuire Sophie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe rodents include more than 30 families and about 507 genera. The distribution of the rodent species is worldwide, and they occupy almost every kind of ecological niches. Most species are terrestrial, but some are specialised for underground, semiaquatic or arboreal life. Rodents are abundant and very diverse in form and adaptations.Key ConceptsRodents are not just laboratory animals or pests; they are also the most diverse mammals in nature in terms of their ecology, life history traits and behaviour.Rodents represent the most diversified mammalian order. They are widespread and can colonize different kinds of environments. Several species of rodent have a fossorial life, others are adapted to the flying mode of locomotion, while some have an arboreal life. Some species are excellent swimmers. Their diet is various. So rodents are not just laboratory animals or pests; they are the most diverse in nature in terms of their ecology, life history tratis and behaviour.Systematics is the study and the description of the diversification of both past and present organisms and their classification.Phylogeny is a part of systematics that reports the inference of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms.Conservation biology is the management of biodiversity with the objective of establishing protective measures against the risks of extinction of species, of their habitats and to maintain a balance in ecosystems. This is why the species are classified by the IUCN (the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species).Paleontology corresponds to the study of organisms (classification and relationships) that lived prior to, and sometimes including, the beginning of the Holocene (around 11,700 years before present).
Evolutionary Ideas: The Modern Synthesis
Authors: Bowler Peter J 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBy the middle decades of the twentieth century, a synthesis between Mendelian genetics and the Darwinian selection theory had emerged that attracted the support of the majority of evolutionary biologists. The genetical theory of natural selection was applied to field studies and palaeontology, giving rise to disagreements among biologists and historians over the nature and ultimate impact of the synthesis.
Analysis of patient‐specific quality assurance for Elekta Unity adaptive plans using statistical process control methodology
Authors: Strand Sarah , Boczkowski Amanda , Smith Blake , Snyder Jeffrey E , Hyer Daniel Ellis , Yaddanapudi Sridhar , Dunkerley David A. P. , St‐Aubin Joel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Elekta Unity MR‐linac utilizes daily magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for online plan adaptation. In the Unity workflow, adapt to position (ATP) and adapt to shape (ATS) treatment planning options are available which represent a virtual shift or full re‐plan with contour adjustments respectively. Both techniques generate a new intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment plan while the patient lies on the treatment table and thus adapted plans cannot be measured prior to treatment delivery. A statistical process control methodology was used to analyze 512 patient‐specific IMRT QA measurements performed on the MR‐compatible SunNuclear ArcCheck with a gamma criterion of 3%/2 mm using global normalization and a 10% low dose threshold. The lower control limit (LCL) was determined from 68 IMRT reference plan measurements, and a one‐sided process capability ratio was used to assess the pass rates from 432 measured ATP and 80 measured ATS plans. Further analysis was performed to assess differences between SBRT or conventional fractionation pass rates and to determine whether there was any correlation between the pass rates and plan complexity. The LCL of the reference plans was determined to be a gamma pass rate of 0.958, and the of the measured ATP plans and measured ATS plans were determined to be 1.403 and 0.940 for ATP and ATS plans, respectively, while a of 0.902 and 1.383 was found for SBRT and conventional fractionations respectively. For plan complexity, no correlation was found between modulation degree and gamma pass rate, but a statistically significant correlation was observed between the beam‐averaged aperture area and gamma pass rate. All adaptive plans passed the TG‐218 guidelines, but the ATS and SBRT plans tended to have a smaller beam‐averaged aperture area with slightly lower gamma pass rates.
Congenital myasthenic syndrome in China: genetic and myopathological characterization
Authors: Zhao Yawen , Li Ying , Bian Yang , Yao Sheng , Liu Penju , Yu Meng , Zhang Wei , Wang Zhaoxia , Yuan Yun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to summarize the clinical, genetic, and myopathological features of a cohort of Chinese patients with congenital myasthenic syndrome, and follow up on therapeutic outcomes.MethodsThe clinical spectrum, mutational frequency of genes, and pathological diagnostic clues of various subtypes of patients with congenital myasthenic syndrome were summarized. Therapeutic effects were followed up.ResultsThirty‐five patients from 29 families were recruited. Ten genes were identified: GFPT1 (27.6%), AGRN (17.2%), CHRNE (17.2%), COLQ (13.8%), GMPPB (6.9%), CHAT, CHRNA1, DOK7, COG7, and SLC25A1 (3.4% each, respectively). Sole limb‐girdle weakness was found in patients with AGRN (1/8) and GFPT1 (7/8) mutations, whereas distal weakness was all observed in patients with AGRN (6/8) mutations. Tubular aggregates were only found in patients with GFPT1 mutations (5/6). The patients with GMPPB mutations (2/2) had decreased alpha‐dystroglycan. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor therapy resulted in no response or worsened symptoms in patients with COLQ mutations, a diverse response in patients with AGRN mutations, and a good response in patients with other subtypes. Albuterol therapy was effective or harmless in most subtypes. Therapy effects became attenuated with long‐term use in patients with COLQ or AGRN mutations.InterpretationThe genetic distribution of congenital myasthenic syndrome in China is distinct from that of other ethnic origins. The appearance of distal weakness, selective limb‐girdle myasthenic syndrome, tubular aggregates, and decreased alpha‐dystroglycan were indicative of the specific subtypes. Based on the follow‐up findings, we suggest cautious evaluation of the long‐term efficacy of therapeutic agents in congenital myasthenic syndrome.
Persistent neurologic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in non‐hospitalized Covid‐19 “long haulers”
Authors: Graham Edith L. , Clark Jeffrey R. , Orban Zachary S. , Lim Patrick H. , Szymanski April L. , Taylor Carolyn , DiBiase Rebecca M. , Jia Dan Tong , Balabanov Roumen , Ho Sam U. , Batra Ayush , Liotta Eric M. , Koralnik Igor J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveMost SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected individuals never require hospitalization. However, some develop prolonged symptoms. We sought to characterize the spectrum of neurologic manifestations in non‐hospitalized Covid‐19 “long haulers”.MethodsThis is a prospective study of the first 100 consecutive patients (50 SARS‐CoV‐2 laboratory‐positive (SARS‐CoV‐2+) and 50 laboratory‐negative (SARS‐CoV‐2‐) individuals) presenting to our Neuro‐Covid‐19 clinic between May and November 2020. Due to early pandemic testing limitations, patients were included if they met Infectious Diseases Society of America symptoms of Covid‐19, were never hospitalized for pneumonia or hypoxemia, and had neurologic symptoms lasting over 6 weeks. We recorded the frequency of neurologic symptoms and analyzed patient‐reported quality of life measures and standardized cognitive assessments.ResultsMean age was 43.2 ± 11.3 years, 70% were female, and 48% were evaluated in televisits. The most frequent comorbidities were depression/anxiety (42%) and autoimmune disease (16%). The main neurologic manifestations were: “brain fog” (81%), headache (68%), numbness/tingling (60%), dysgeusia (59%), anosmia (55%), and myalgias (55%), with only anosmia being more frequent in SARS‐CoV‐2+ than SARS‐CoV‐2‐ patients (37/50 [74%] vs. 18/50 [36%]; p < 0.001). Moreover, 85% also experienced fatigue. There was no correlation between time from disease onset and subjective impression of recovery. Both groups exhibited impaired quality of life in cognitive and fatigue domains. SARS‐CoV‐2+ patients performed worse in attention and working memory cognitive tasks compared to a demographic‐matched US population (T‐score 41.5 [37, 48.25] and 43 [37.5, 48.75], respectively; both p < 0.01).InterpretationNon‐hospitalized Covid‐19 “long haulers” experience prominent and persistent “brain fog” and fatigue that affect their cognition and quality of life.
A Hippocampus‐Inspired Dual‐Gated Organic Artificial Synapse for Simultaneous Sensing of a Neurotransmitter and Light
Authors: Lee Hae Rang , Lee Doyoung , Oh Joon Hak 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganic neuromorphic devices and sensors that mimic the functions of chemical synapses and sensory perception in humans have received much attention for next‐generation computing and integrated logic circuits. Despite recent advances, organic artificial synapses capable of detecting both neurotransmitters in liquid environments and light are not reported. Herein, inspired by hippocampal synapses, a dual‐gate organic synaptic transistor platform with a photoconductive polymer semiconductor, a ferroelectric insulator of P(VDF‐TrFE), and an extended‐gate electrode functionalized with boronic acid is developed to simultaneously detect the neurotransmitter dopamine and light. The developed synaptic transistor enables memory consolidation upon repetitive exposure to dopamine and polychromatic light, exhibiting effectively modulated postsynaptic currents. This proof‐of‐concept hippocampal‐synapse‐mimetic organic neuromorphic system combining a chemical sensor and a photosensor opens new possibilities for developing low‐power organic artificial synaptic multisensors and light‐induced memory consolidative artificial synapses, and can also contribute to the development of human–machine interfaces.
Generation of Alkyl Radicals from Thiols via Zinc Thiolates: Application for the Synthesis ofgem‐Difluorostyrenes
Authors: Supranovich Vyacheslav I. , Levin Vitalij V. , Kokorekin Vladimir A. , Dilman Alexander D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReaction of thiols with α‐(trifluoromethyl)styrenes under photocatalytic conditions leading to desulfurative allylic fluorine substitution is described. The reaction is performed by treatment of thiols with benzyl zinc chloride to generate zinc thiolates followed by visible light induced desulfurization by means of triphenylphosphine. Radicals formed after the C−S bond cleavage react with the double bond affordinggem‐difluorostyrenes.magnified image
Investigation of the Determining Factors for the “Mobility Boost” in High‐k‐Gated Transparent Oxide Semiconductor Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Sun Yuhang , Kim Junkyu , Chatterjee Neel , Swisher Sarah L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn metal‐oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs), high‐k gate dielectrics often yield a higher electron mobility than SiO2. However, investigations regarding the mechanism of this high‐k “mobility boost” are relatively scarce. To explore this phenomenon, solution‐processed In2O3 TFTs are fabricated using eight different gate dielectrics (SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, HfO2, and bilayer SiO2/high‐k structures). With these structures, the total gate capacitance can be varied independently from the semiconductor–dielectric interface to study this mobility enhancement. It is shown that the mobility enhancement is a combination of the effects of areal gate capacitance and interface quality for disordered oxide semiconductor devices. The ZrO2‐gated TFTs achieve the highest mobility by inducing more accumulation charge with higher gate capacitance. Surprisingly, however, when the gate capacitance is held constant, no mobility enhancement is observed with the high‐k gate dielectrics compared to SiO2.
Strain‐Release Driven Spirocyclization of Azabicyclo[1.1.0]butyl Ketones
Authors: Tyler Jasper L. , Noble Adam , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to their intrinsic rigidity, three‐dimensionality and structural novelty, spirocyclic molecules have become increasingly sought‐after moieties in drug discovery. Herein, we report a strain‐release driven synthesis of azetidine‐containing spirocycles by harnessing the inherent ring strain of the azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane (ABB) fragment. Novel ABB‐ketone precursors bearing silyl‐protected alcohols were synthesized in a single step and shown to engage in electrophile‐induced spirocyclization‐desilylation reactions. Primary, secondary and tertiary silyl ethers were effectively transformed into a library of new spiro‐azetidines, with a range of substituents and ring sizes. In addition, the products are generated with synthetically useful ketone and protected‐amine functional groups, which provides the potential for further elaboration and for this chemistry to be utilized in the rapid assembly of medicinally relevant compounds.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Alstilobanine C, (+)‐Undulifoline, and (−)‐Alpneumine H
Authors: Li Guang , Gaeng Nicolas , Piemontesi Cyril , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report herein the enantioselective total synthesis of three monoterpene indole alkaloids, namely, (+)‐alstilobanine C, (+)‐undulifoline, and (−)‐alpneumine H. The key features of our synthesis include: a) introduction of chirality via enantioselective deprotonation of a prochiral 4‐substituted cyclohexanone; b) use of methoxymethyl (MOM) ether as both a hydroxyl protective group and a latent oxonium species for the formation of bridged oxepane and c) domino double reductive cyclization to build both the indole and the piperidine ring at the end of the synthesis. The synthesis confirmed the absolute configuration of these natural products assigned based on the biogenetic hypothesis.
Natural Glycoforms of Human Interleukin 6 Show Atypical Plasma Clearance
Authors: Reif Andreas , Lam Kevin , Weidler Sascha , Lott Marie , Boos Irene , Lokau Juliane , Bretscher Christian , Mönnich Manuel , Perkams Lukas , Schmälzlein Marina , Graf Christopher , Fischer Jan‐Patrick , Lechner Carolin , Hallstein Kerstin , Becker Stefan , Weyand Michael , Steegborn Clemens , Schultheiss Gerhard , Rose‐John Stefan , Garbers Christoph , Unverzagt Carlo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA library of glycoforms of human interleukin 6 (IL‐6) comprising complex and mannosidic N‐glycans was generated by semisynthesis. The three segments were connected by sequential native chemical ligation followed by two‐step refolding. The central glycopeptide segments were assembled by pseudoproline‐assisted Lansbury aspartylation and subsequent enzymatic elongation of complex N‐glycans. Nine IL‐6 glycoforms were synthesized, seven of which were evaluated for in vivo plasma clearance in rats and compared to non‐glycosylated recombinant IL‐6 from E. coli. Each IL‐6 glycoform was tested in three animals and reproducibly showed individual serum clearances depending on the structure of the N‐glycan. The clearance rates were atypical, since the 2,6‐sialylated glycoforms of IL‐6 cleared faster than the corresponding asialo IL‐6 with terminal galactoses. Compared to non‐glycosylated IL‐6 the plasma clearance of IL‐6 glycoforms was delayed in the presence of larger and multibranched N‐glycans in most cases
Reversing the Chirality of Surface Ligands Can Improve the Biosafety and Pharmacokinetics of Cationic Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Tang Hao , Li Qizhen , Yan Weixiao , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSevere toxicity and rapid in vivo clearance of cationic nanomaterials seriously hinder their clinical translation. Present strategies to improve the biosafety and in vivo performance of cationic nanomaterials require neutralization of positive charge, which often compromises their efficacy. Herein, we report that substituting L‐glutathione (L‐GSH) on cationic gold nanoclusters (GNCs) with its D‐counterpart can effectively improve the biosafety and pharmacokinetics. Compared with L‐GNCs, D‐GNCs do not exhibit cellular cytotoxicity, hemolysis, or acute damage to organs. Cationic D‐GNCs show less cell internalization than L‐GNCs, and do not induce cellular apoptosis. In vivo, the chirality of surface ligands distinctly affects the pharmacokinetics and tumor targeting abilities of D‐/L‐GNCs. D‐GNCs show higher extended circulation time in blood plasma compared to similarly‐sized and poly (ethylene glycol)‐modified gold nanoparticles. This work demonstrates that the choice of chirality of surface ligands can determine toxicities and pharmacokinetics of cationic nanomaterials.