bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Signatures of a Major Adaptive Event in the Pathogenic Fungus Melampsora larici-populina
Authors: Persoons Antoine , Maupetit Agathe , Louet Clémentine , Andrieux Axelle , Lipzen Anna , Barry Kerrie W , Na Hyunsoo , Adam Catherine , Grigoriev Igor V , Segura Vincent , Duplessis Sébastien , Frey Pascal , Halkett Fabien , De Mita Stéphane 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The recent availability of genome-wide sequencing techniques has allowed systematic screening for molecular signatures of adaptation, including in nonmodel organisms. Host–pathogen interactions constitute good models due to the strong selective pressures that they entail. We focused on an adaptive event which affected the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina when it overcame a resistance gene borne by its host, cultivated poplar. Based on 76 virulent and avirulent isolates framing narrowly the estimated date of the adaptive event, we examined the molecular signatures of selection. Using an array of genome scan methods based on different features of nucleotide diversity, we detected a single locus exhibiting a consistent pattern suggestive of a selective sweep in virulent individuals (excess of differentiation between virulent and avirulent samples, linkage disequilibrium, genotype–phenotype statistical association, and long-range haplotypes). Our study pinpoints a single gene and further a single amino acid replacement which may have allowed the adaptive event. Although our samples are nearly contemporary to the selective sweep, it does not seem to have affected genome diversity further than the immediate vicinity of the causal locus, which can be explained by a soft selective sweep (where selection acts on standing variation) and by the impact of recombination in mitigating the impact of selection. Therefore, it seems that properties of the life cycle of M. larici-populina, which entails both high genetic diversity and outbreeding, has facilitated its adaptation.
Heterogeneous Mutation Rates and Spectra in Yeast Hybrids
Authors: Fijarczyk Anna , Hénault Mathieu , Marsit Souhir , Charron Guillaume , Landry Christian R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mutation rates and spectra vary between species and among populations. Hybridization can contribute to this variation, but its role remains poorly understood. Estimating mutation rates requires controlled conditions where the effect of natural selection can be minimized. One way to achieve this is through mutation accumulation experiments coupled with genome sequencing. Here, we investigate 400 mutation accumulation lines initiated from 11 genotypes spanning intralineage, interlineage, and interspecific crosses of the yeasts Saccharomyces paradoxus and S. cerevisiae and propagated for 770 generations. We find significant differences in mutation rates and spectra among crosses, which are not related to the level of divergence of parental strains but are specific to some genotype combinations. Differences in number of generations and departures from neutrality play a minor role, whereas polyploidy and loss of heterozygosity impact mutation rates in some of the hybrid crosses in an opposite way.
How Do the Factors Associated With Frailty Change With Sex? An Exploratory Network Analysis
Authors: da Cunha Leme Daniel Eduardo , Neri Anita Liberalesso , Fattori André 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
It is important to study multiple social, physical, and psychosocial factors associated with frailty in populations characterized by social and health disparities, such as men and women.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional population-based study with older adults 65 years or older from the FIBRA (Frailty in Brazilian Older Adults) 2008–2009 study. We carried out a comparative analysis of the factors associated with the frailty phenotype in older men (N = 706) and women (N = 1 251) using networks based on mixed graphical models according to sex.

Results
In the male network, frailty was most strongly associated with years of schooling, overall satisfaction with life, and falls; in the female network, the syndrome was associated with satisfaction with problem-solving, depression, and diabetes in addition to years of schooling. Furthermore, permutation tests showed that the networks for males and females were statistically different in terms of their structure, the global strength of the relationships, and the strength of the relationships between frailty and diabetes; frailty and falls; frailty and depression; frailty and overall satisfaction with life; and frailty and satisfaction with problem-solving (p &lt; .05). The walktrap network cluster detection algorithm revealed that in men, frailty was in a physical and social dimension while in women the syndrome was in a cardiometabolic and psychosocial dimension.

Conclusions
Network analysis showed that different factors are associated with frailty for each sex. The findings suggest that different strategies for dealing with frailty should be adopted for men and women so that care and prevention efforts can be directed appropriately.
Using gender analysis matrixes to integrate a gender lens into infectious diseases outbreaks research
Authors: Morgan Rosemary , Davies Sara E , Feng Huiyun , Gan Connie C R , Grépin Karen A , Harman Sophie , Herten-Crabb Asha , Smith Julia , Wenham Clare 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Evidence shows that infectious disease outbreaks are not gender-neutral, meaning that women, men and gender minorities are differentially affected. This evidence affirms the need to better incorporate a gender lens into infectious disease outbreaks. Despite this evidence, there has been a historic neglect of gender-based analysis in health, including during health crises. Recognizing the lack of available evidence on gender and pandemics in early 2020 the Gender and COVID-19 project set out to use a gender analysis matrix to conduct rapid, real-time analyses while the pandemic was unfolding to examine the gendered effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This paper reports on what a gender analysis matrix is, how it can be used to systematically conduct a gender analysis, how it was implemented within the study, ways in which the findings from the matrix were applied and built upon, and challenges encountered when using the matrix methodology.
Content analysis of school websites: policies and programs to support healthy eating and the environment
Authors: Lalchandani Neha K , Crabb Shona , Miller Caroline , Hume Clare 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Preschools and primary schools are important settings for the development of healthy eating habits and awareness of environmentally friendly practices. This study explored South Australian government schools’ policies and programs in relation to healthy eating and environmentally friendly aspects of food choice (such as packaging), and whether any schools approached these issues in combination. Websites of 18 government preschools and primary schools in the Greater Adelaide region, stratified by low, medium and high socioeconomic status were reviewed for publicly available policies and other relevant content. A content analysis was undertaken, with policies and programs analysed deductively and thematically. Healthy eating (n = 8) and environment (n = 3) related policies were found on preschool websites only. The main themes observed across the three categories of interest (healthy eating, environmentally friendly practices and low-waste healthy foods) included the presence/absence of formal policy, promotional strategies and implementation. Expectations of children bringing healthy ‘nude’ foods that were environmentally friendly were mentioned informally on the websites but were not part of policy documents. Policies and programs around healthy eating and environmentally friendly practices (in combination) were lacking. There is scope to address this gap to improve health and sustainable outcomes within the school environment context.
TIPE2 Promotes Tumor Initiation But Inhibits Tumor Progression in Murine Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer
Authors: Etwebi Zienab , Goldsmith Jason R , Bou-Dargham Mayassa , Tian Yuhua , Hood Ryan , Spitofsky Nina , Li Mingyue , Sun Honghong , Lou Yunwei , Liu Suxia , Lengner Christopher , Chen Youhai H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer in the United States, and inflammatory bowel disease patients have an increased risk of developing CRC due to chronic intestinal inflammation with it being the cause of death in 10% to 15% of inflammatory bowel disease patients. TIPE2 (TNF-alpha-induced protein 8-like 2) is a phospholipid transporter that is highly expressed in immune cells and is an important regulator of immune cell function.

Methods
The azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium murine model of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) was employed in Tipe2 –/– and wild-type mice, along with colonoid studies, to determine the role of TIPE2 in CAC.

Results
Early on, loss of TIPE2 led to significantly less numbers of visible tumors, which was in line with its previously described role in myeloid-derived suppressor cells. However, as time went on, loss of TIPE2 promoted tumor progression, with larger tumors appearing in Tipe2 –/– mice. This was associated with increased interleukin-22/STAT3 phosphorylation signaling. Similar effects were also observed in primary colonoid cultures, together demonstrating that TIPE2 also directly regulated colonocytes in addition to immune cells.

Conclusions
This work demonstrates that TIPE2 has dual effects in CAC. In the colonocytes, it works as a tumor suppressor. However, in the immune system, TIPE2 may promote tumorigenesis through suppressor cells or inhibit it through IL-22 secretion. Going forward, this work suggests that targeting TIPE2 for CRC therapy requires cell- and pathway-specific approaches and serves as a cautionary tale for immunotherapy approaches in general in terms of colon cancer, as intestinal inflammation can both promote and inhibit cancer.
Exponential stability and L2 gain analysis of uncertain fractional reset control systems
Authors: Mohadeszadeh Milad , Pariz Naser , Ramezani-al Mohammad Reza 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper considers the stability problem of a class of uncertain fractional reset control systems that undergo the ${L}_2$ gain performance improvement via the conformable fractional calculus. To remove the Zeno phenomenon in the system’s response, a new reset law based on the time regularization technique is designed. By developing a theory to design a new reset control, the stability of the proposed fractional order (FO) linear system with model uncertainties and bounded exogenous input is proved via an extended quadratic Lyapunov function and some efficient linear matrix inequalities. Likewise, the impulsive effect in the control input is removed by employing an appropriate low-pass filter (LPF). In the end, two numerical examples show that when the plant is modelled by the FO differential equations, by utilizing the constructive role of fractional reset controller, the robustness of FO reset system can also be attained.
Developing Global Citizens through International Studies: Enhancing Student Voices and Active Learning in Short-Term Study Abroad Courses
Authors: Reuter Tina Kempin , Moak Stacy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Educating global citizens has become part of higher education in international studies. Scholars argue that education includes having a global worldview that critically evaluates complex challenges in an ever-changing environment. Most agree that something more than classroom lecture is required to transform students’ perspectives, but debates exist about exactly what “more” means. Short-term study abroad courses have evolved as one way to offer a global experience to students, especially those who must balance work, school, and family life while also facing the economic restraints of higher education. These programs, however, have been criticized as providing little more than a voyeuristic view into the lives of others with no real experience with cultures, development of global citizenship, or true engagement with global issues. This study assesses the impact of a short-term study abroad program on students’ perceptions of their role as global citizens and identifies pedagogical tools that increase the likelihood that students will embrace global citizenship as a transformative learning experience. Using reflection papers and photo elicitation, this article shows that immersive short-term study abroad experiences that include extensive community engagement have the potential to change students’ perception of the world and the way they see their role in it.
Emigration and Political Contestation
Authors: Peters Margaret E , Miller Michael K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
How does migration affect global patterns of political violence and protest? While political scientists have examined the links between trade and conflict, less attention has been paid to the links between migration and conflict. In this paper, we show that greater emigration reduces domestic political violence by providing exit opportunities for aggrieved citizens and economic benefits to those who remain. Emigration also reduces non-violent forms of political contestation, including protests and strikes, implying that high emigration rates can produce relatively quiescent populations. However, larger flows of emigrants to democracies can increase non-violent protest in autocracies, as exposure to freer countries spreads democratic norms and the tools of peaceful opposition. We use instrumental variables analysis to account for the endogeneity of migration flows and find robust results for a range of indicators of civil violence and protest from 1960 to 2010.
Susceptibility to Chlorantraniliprole in Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations Infesting Sweet Corn in Southern Florida
Authors: Beuzelin Julien M , Larsen Donna J , Roldán Erik L , Schwan Resende Eric 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChlorantraniliprole susceptibility was determined in diet-incorporation bioassays for six fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), populations feeding on sweet corn, Zea mays L., in southern Florida between 2017 and 2019. The LC50 and LC90 values of these populations estimated using probit analyses ranged from 0.022 to 0.084 ppm and 0.112 to 0.471 ppm, respectively. Thus, susceptibility levels among the six field populations varied, but to a relatively small extent, with approximately fourfold differences in LC50 and LC90 values between the most and least susceptible populations. These field populations were all less susceptible than a reference population maintained in the laboratory without prior exposure to chlorantraniliprole, with RR50 values between 5.3 and 20.1 and RR90 values between 14.3 and 60.3. These results suggest reduced chlorantraniliprole susceptibility in S. frugiperda populations collected in Florida sweet corn relative to a reference laboratory population. However, field experiments in 2017 and 2019 showed that foliar applications of chlorantraniliprole reduced S. frugiperda injury and infestations to levels comparable to or lower than applications of indoxacarb, novaluron, or spinetoram. This study does not provide evidence of practical resistance to chlorantraniliprole in S. frugiperda infesting Florida sweet corn fields.
A high-resolution dispersion imaging method of seismic surface waves based on chirplet transform
Authors: Su Qin , Xu Xingrong , Wang Zhinong , Sun Chengyu , Guo Yaozong , Wu Dunshi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The surface-wave analysis method is widely adopted to build a near-surface shear-wave velocity structure. Reliable dispersion imaging results form the basis for subsequent picking and inversion of dispersion curves. In this paper, we present a high-resolution dispersion imaging method (CSFK) of seismic surface waves based on chirplet transform (CT). CT introduces the concept of chirp rate, which could focus surface-wave dispersion energy well in time-frequency domain. First, each seismic trace in time-distance domain is transformed to time-frequency domain by CT. Thus, for each common frequency gather, we obtain a series of 2D complex-valued functions of time and distance, which are called pseudo-seismograms. Then, we scan a series of group velocities to obtain the slanting-phase function and perform a spatial Fourier transform on the slanting-phase function to get its amplitude. In addition, power operation is adopted to increase the amplitude difference between dispersion energy and noise. Finally, we generate the dispersion image by searching for the maximum amplitude of a slanting-phase function. Because the CSFK method considers the position of surface-wave energy in the time-frequency domain, this largely eliminates the noise interference from other time locations and improves the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of the dispersion image. The results of synthetic test and field dataset processing demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. In addition, we invert all 120 sets of dispersion curves extracted from reflected wave seismic data acquired for petroleum prospecting. The one-dimensional inversion shear-wave velocity models are interpolated into a two-dimensional profile of shear-wave velocity, which is in good agreement with the borehole data.
Application of an improved particle filter for random seismic noise suppression
Authors: Zhang Jingquan , Wang Dian , Li Peng , Liu Shiyu , Yu Han , Xu Yuxin , Teng Ming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Random noise is inevitable during seismic prospecting. Seismic signals, which are variable in time and space, are damaged by conventional random noise suppression methods, and this limits the accuracy in seismic data imaging. In this paper, an improved particle filtering strategy based on the firefly algorithm is proposed to suppress seismic noise. To address particle degradation problems during the particle filter resampling process, this method introduces a firefly algorithm that moves the particles distributed at the tail of the probability to the high-likelihood area, thereby improving the particle quality and performance of the algorithm. Finally, this method allows the particles to carry adequate seismic information, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the estimation. Synthetic and field experiments indicate that this method can effectively suppress random seismic noise.
A proposed algorithm for the treatment of core muscle injuries
Authors: Kraeutler Matthew J , Mei-Dan Omer , Dávila Castrodad Iciar M , Talishinskiy Toghrul , Milman Edward , Scillia Anthony J 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
In recent years, there has been increased awareness and treatment of groin injuries in athletes. These injuries have been associated with various terminologies including sports hernia, core muscle injury (CMI), athletic pubalgia and inguinal disruption, among others. Treatment of these injuries has been performed by both orthopaedic and general surgeons and may include a variety of procedures such as rectus abdominis repair, adductor lengthening, abdominal wall repair with or without mesh, and hip arthroscopy for the treatment of concomitant femoroacetabular impingement. Despite our increased knowledge of these injuries, there is still no universal terminology, diagnostic methodology or treatment for a CMI. The purpose of this review is to present a detailed treatment algorithm for physicians treating patients with signs and symptoms of a CMI. In doing so, we aim to clarify the various pathologies involved in CMI, eliminate vague terminology, and present a clear, stepwise approach for both diagnosis and treatment of these injuries.
Chemotaxonomy of Five South American Species of theTriatomagenus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) Based on Their Cuticle Hydrocarbon Pattern
Authors: Moriconi Débora E , Macedo-Lopes Catarina , Sartorio Adriana , Juárez M Patricia , Girotti Juan R , Calderón-Fernández Gustavo M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Triatoma sordida subcomplex traditionally included four triatomine species, T. sordida, Triatoma garciabesi, Triatoma guasayana, and Triatoma patagonica, distributed in the Southern Cone of South America. These species have a large intraspecific variability together with an overall similarity, making difficult to establish their taxonomic status. Many cytogenetic, morphometric, and molecular markers have been applied to address this. Recent studies have posed concerns on the inclusion of T. guasayana and T. patagonica within the subcomplex. Also, T. sordida from Argentina has been designed as a new species, Triatoma rosai. Using the cuticular hydrocarbon pattern as chemotaxonomic marker, the relationships among several populations of these species were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and linear discriminant analysis along 25 collection sites in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. T. sordida and T. rosai populations were differentially clustered in two CHC-based groups: “Group 1” included T. sordida from Eastern Brazil, Eastern Paraguay, and the Bolivian populations from La Paz and Izozog G1; “Group 2” included T. rosai, and T. sordida from Izozog G2 (Bolivia), and Western Paraguay. Whereas T. garciabesi remained closely related to T. sordida and T. rosai, T. guasayana, and T. patagonica were clearly separated from the species of the T. sordida subcomplex. Our results agree with those from other several techniques suggesting that the taxonomy of the T. sordida subcomplex should be revised.
The research on the dental bridge model-making process based on the curing shrinkage epoxy and residual stress reduction
Authors: Yuan Cadmus C A , Shen Guang-Qian , Huang Yen-Chang , Ding Shinn-Jyh , Yan Min 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Elderly people suffer from more and more teeth problems. The tooth-implant-supported prosthesis provides a reliable solution to missing teeth patients. The proper dental prosthesis design to prevent overstress is essential due to the mechanical characteristics of the dental bridge abutments are different. The finite element method is widely applied, but proper experimental validation is required. The curing shrinkage epoxy is applied for the photoelasticity measurement because its mechanical property is close to the cancellous bone. A series of process developments, including mold design, residual stress releasing and artificial soft film making, is accomplished in this research to simulate the mechanical response of dental bridges in practice. The process is proven and can be accomplished at the dentist's workshop. The transmission photoelasticity technique is applied to measure the residual stress distribution and it nondestructively provides the continuous improvement guideline. The model-making procedure and tools are proven to be available at the dental workshop. Following the model-making procedure, the dental bridge model shows a low residual stress level that the photoelasticity system cannot detect. Excellent reproducibility of the proposed procedure has been validated. These models exhibit stable maximum stress of 2.13 MPa around the natural tooth apex and apical implant region when a 300 N vertical loading is applied upon the dental bridge. Finally, a finite element model of the dental bridge, including the natural tooth and dental implant, is built and validated by the photoelastic measurement.