bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Exotic Materia Medica of Chinese Medicine: A Survey of Its Resources and Medical Information in 1029 BC–1999 AD
Authors: Cai Qingqing , Yan Zhu-yun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) gives people an image of its medicinal resources all from within China. Nevertheless, the fact is that the Exotic Materia Medica(ECM) has been used in Chinese medicine from Zhou Dynasty (1029 BC-221 AD). However, no extensive studies have focused on it. Now, the high exchange speed of information and material brings TCM opportunities to apply exotic resources in clinics. So, surveying the historical ECM’s resources and medical information is valuable.MethodsWe investigated the origin of 8980 Chinese Materia Medica’s resources included in Chinese Materia Medica and compiled a species list of exotic Chinese medicines (ECM) used in China between 1029 BC–1999 AD and their medical information, introduction time, introduction routes, and place of origin.ResultsConsequently, we found information on 788 ECM and their clinical application. A total of 99% of ECM were found to be botanicals mainly belonging to Solanaceae, Amaranthaceae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae, and Cruciferae. The exchange speed of these medicines between China and other regions peaked in the Han (206 BC–220 AD), Tang (618–907 AD), and Ming dynasties (1368–1644 AD), and increased sharply from 1912 onwards. The main registered efficacies of the ECM were "clear heat" and diuresis. The most efficient way to convert foreign medicine to TCM is to absorb drugs from foreign regions directly. Last but not least, about One-fifth of commonly used TCM in the clinic is ECM.Conclusion﻿Chinese doctors are more concerned with the efficacy of the drug when using it in clinical settings than whether the drug comes from afar. The record of origin and source was to ensure the supply and quality of the drugs. The use of foreign resources as Chinese medicine is the fact that Chinese medicine objectively exists. The existence of ECM has enriched the resources of TCM. Furthermore, both foreign medicine and local medicine currently protect people's lives and health.
The Use of IndoCyanine Green Fluorescence in the Assessment of Bowel Perfusion in Emergency and Elective Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Picardi Biagio , Rossi Stefano , Monte Simone Rossi Del , Cortese Francesco , Muttillo Edoardo Maria , Mazzarella Gennaro , Puccioni Caterina , Muttillo Irnerio Angelo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background The use of Indocyanine Green (ICG) fluorescence is a well-established technique in colorectal surgery for the evaluation of bowel stump perfusion. However there is still no definitive acceptance, except intraoperative macroscopic evidence, with reference to the incidence of anastomotic leakage (AL). The objective of this study is to confirm the same efficacy and reliability of ICG in elective colorectal surgery, and emergency cases, which would be more exposed to complications related to inadequate vascularization.Methods From January 2019 to June 2020, we used ICG to evaluate the perfusion of colonicstumps before and after packaging the anastomosis in right and left hemicolectomy, rectal resection and Hartmann’s reversals.Results A total of 40 patients underwent surgery, 21 (52.50%) had benign pathology and 19 (47.50%) exhibited malignant neoplasia. 13 (32.50%) were emergency surgeries and 27 (67.50%) were planned elective surgeries. In almost all cases, the postoperative course was regular, in only 1 (2.5%) case of TaTME there was an AL. Other complications were not related to the anastomosis, but some validated the excellent perfusion despite episodes of prolonged acute ischemia due to postoperative hemorrhage. Data were finally compared to a control group of 39 patients where the ICG fluorescence was not used.Conclusions The study confirms the validity of the use of ICG fluorescence as a method for intraoperative assessment of bowel perfusion even in emergency conditions and in acute postoperative hemorrhage, detecting an incidence of 2.5% (1 case out of 40) of AL. It’s evident that to validate our results, further randomized studies on a larger data set are required. It would also be beneficial to evaluate quantitatively the fluorescence between the mucous and serous layer, to confirm the reduction of AL rate, the better evaluation of bowel perfusion and, especially in emergency surgeries, the potential reduction of further operations.
HIF-3α-Induced miR-630 Expression Promotes Cancer Hallmarks in Cervical Cancer Cells by Forming a Positive Feedback Loop
Authors: Gao Qiaohui , Ren Zhenghua , Jiao Shengyuan , Guo Juan , Miao Xia , Wang Jin , Liu Junye 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Hypoxia has crucial functions in cervical cancer development and metastasis by inducing the level of numerous genes, including microRNA genes. But we know little about how the hypoxia factors and microRNAs orchestrate to regulate hallmarks of cervical cancer cells. Methods We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing experiments (ChIP-seq) to investigate the targets of HIF-3α or miR-630. ChIP-qPCR and RT-qPCR were used to validate the sequencing results of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq. Cellular, molecular and radiation experiments were used to explore the functions of miR-630.Results Here, we show that hypoxia-induced overexpression HIF-3α increased the expression of dozens of miRNAs, including miR-630. Further experiment showed the activation of miR-630 was induced by hypoxia treatment. We showed that hypoxia induces expression of HIF-3α to activate miR-630 expression by directly binding to its promoter. Meanwhile, miR-630 positively regulates HIF-1α expression, but represses HIF-1α. Stable overexpression of miR-630 in HeLa cells promotes cancer hallmarks, including radioresistance, inhibition of apoptosis, increased migration and invasion, and EMT-mediated metastasis. Stable inhibition of miR-630 showed opposite features. Conclusion Taken together, our findings implicate a novel hypoxia-induced HIF3a-miR-630 regulatory feedback loop contributing to metastasis and progression of cervical cancer cells, and suggest HIF3a and miR630 might be applied as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
A Clinical Analysis of 640 Inpatients With Pathologic Nipple Discharge
Authors: Wei Gang , Li Rui , Wu Gaosong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective To discuss the value of early confirmation of breast cancer in patients with pathologic nipple discharge based on double surgical indications under fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) followed by staining with methylene blue. Methods From October 2012 to October 2019, a total of 640 inpatients with pathologic nipple discharge from Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital underwent fiberoptic ductoscopy, followed by injection of methylene blue into the lesional duct through the discharged hole that would be resected as a segment according to the range of the staining duct on the next day. Based on double surgical indications, different findings by fiberoptic ductoscopy were defined as surgical indications, both with space-occupying intraductal lesions scanned by FDS and without space-occupying intraductal lesions but with dark red bloody fluid or yellow serous fluid spillage at the opening of the terminal mammary duct or extensive erosive duct lesions. We retrospectively analyzed the relations between results from fiberoptic ductoscopy and pathologic diagnosis. Results Inpatients with pathological neoplasm accounted for 87.3%(452/518) of the 518 inpatients with space-occupying intraductal lesions scanned by FDS, but the 122 inpatients without space-occupying intraductal lesions only accounted for 28.7%(35/122) of the patients (P=0.00). However, patients pathologically diagnosed with breast cancer accounted for 11.8% (61/518) of the 518 inpatients with space-occupying lesions and 10.7%(13/122) of the 122 inpatients without space-occupying lesions (P=0.728). Conclusions According to the double standards of surgical indication with or without space-occupying intraductal lesions scanned by fiberoptic ductoscopy, the method of fiberoptic ductoscopy followed by staining of the mammary duct by methylene blue could not only avoid missed diagnosis of breast cancer caused by ductoscopy itself, but also reduce the rate of missed diagnosis on account of inoperative inaccurate resection range, which greatly improved the early diagnosis rate of breast cancer with nipple discharge as the only initial clinical manifestation.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Long Noncoding RNA‑associated Competitive Endogenous RNA Network in the Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells
Authors: Lai Lingzhi , Wang Zhaodan , Ge Yihong , Qiu Wei , Wu Buling , Fang Fuchun , Xu Huiyong , Chen Zhao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUDThe mechanism implicated in the osteoblast differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) has been investigated for years. Previous genomics data analyses showed that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) have significant expression differences between induced and control human PDLSCs. Competing for endogenous RNAs (ceRNA), as a widely studied mechanism in regenerative medicine, while rarely reported in periodontal regeneration. The key lncRNAs and their ceRNA network might provide new insights into molecular therapies of periodontal regeneration based on PDLSCs.RESULTSTwo networks reflecting the relationships among differentially expressed RNAs were constructed. One ceRNA network was composed of 6 upregulated lncRNAs, 280 upregulated mRNAs, and 18 downregulated miRNAs. The other network contained 33 downregulated lncRNAs, 73 downregulated mRNAs, and 5 upregulated miRNAs. Functional analysis revealed that 38 GO terms and 8 pathways related with osteogenesis were enriched. Twenty-four osteogenesis-related gene-centred lncRNA-associated ceRNA networks were successfully constructed. Among these pathways, we highlighted MAPK and TGF-beta pathways that are closely related to osteogenesis. Subsequently, subnetworks potentially linking the GO:0001649 (osteoblast differentiation), MAPK and TGF-beta pathways were constructed. The qRT-PCR validation results were consistent with the microarray analysis.CONCLUSIONWe construct a comprehensively identified lncRNA-associated ceRNA network might be involved in the osteogenesis differentiation of PDLSCs, which could provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms and treatment targets of periodontal regeneration.
Speech Air Flow With and Without Face Masks
Authors: Derrick Donald , Kabaliuk Natalia , Longworth Luke , Pishyar-Dekhordi Peiman , Jermy Mark 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Face masks slow exhaled air flow and sequester exhaled particles. There are many types of face masks on the market today, each having widely varying fits, filtering, and air redirection characteristics. While particle filtration and flow resistance from masks has been well studied, their effects on speech air flow has not. We built a schlieren system and recorded speech air flow with 14 different face masks, comparing it to mask-less speech. All of the face masks reduced air flow from speech, but some allowed air flow features to reach further than 40 cm from a speaker’s lips and nose within a few seconds, and all the face masks allowed some air to escape above the nose. Evidence from available literature shows that distancing and ventilation in higher-risk indoor environment provide more benefit than wearing a face mask. Our own research shows all the masks we tested provide some additional benefit of restricting air flow from a speaker. However, well-fitted mask specifically designed for the purpose of preventing the spread of disease reduce air flow the most. Future research will study the effects of face masks on speech communication in order to facilitate cost/benefit analysis of mask usage in various environments.
Deciphering resistance to Zymoseptoria tritici in the Tunisian durum wheat landrace accession ‘Agili39’
Authors: Ferjaoui Sahbi , Aouini Lamia , Slimane Rim Ben , Ammar Karim , Dreisigacker Suzanne , Schouten Henk J. , Sapkota Suraj , Bahri Bochra A. , M’Barek Sarrah Ben , Visser Richard G . F. , Kema Gert H . J. , Hamza Sonia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Zymoseptoria tritici (Z. tritici), is an important biotic threat to durum wheat in the entire Mediterranean Basin. Although most durum wheat cultivars are susceptible to Z. tritici, research in STB resistance in durum wheat has been limited.
Results

In our study, we have identified resistance to a wide array of Z. tritici isolates in the Tunisian durum wheat landrace accession ‘Agili39’. Subsequently, a recombinant inbred population was developed and tested under greenhouse conditions at the seedling stage with eight Z. tritici isolates and for five years under field conditions with three Z. tritici isolates. Mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) resulted in the identification of two major QTL on chromosome 2B designated as Qstb2B_1 and Qstb2B_2. The Qstb2B_1 QTL was mapped at the seedling and the adult plant stage (highest LOD 33.9, explained variance 61.6 %), conferring an effective resistance against five Z. tritici isolates. The Qstb2B_2 conferred adult plant resistance (highest LOD 32.9, explained variance 42 %) and has been effective at the field trials against two Z. tritici isolates. The Qstb2B_1 QTL was mapped at the seedling and the adult plant stage (highest LOD 33.9, explained variance 61.6 %), conferring an effective resistance against five Z. tritici isolates. The Qstb2B_2 conferred adult plant resistance (highest LOD 32.9, explained variance 42 %) and has been effective at the field trials against two Z. tritici. The physical positions of the flanking markers linked to Qstb2B_1 and Qstb2B_2 indicate that these two QTL are 5Mb apart. In addition, we identified two minor QTL on chromosomes 1A (Qstb1A) and chromosome 7A (Qstb7A) (highest LODs 4.6 and 4.0, and explained variances of 16 % and 9%, respectively) that were specific to three and one Z. tritici isolates, respectively. All identified QTL were derived from the landrace accession Agili39 that represents a valuable source for STB resistance in durum wheat.
Conclusion

This study demonstrates that Z. tritici resistance in the ‘Agili39’ landrace accession is controlled by two minor and two major QTL acting in an additive mode.
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Pasteurella multocida Infecting Camels in Marsabit and Turkana Counties, Kenya
Authors: Kasivalu Justus Kyalo , Omwenga George Isanda , Aboge Gabriel Oluga 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundInfection with Pasteurella multocida is abundant in Kenya yet there is scarce information on their genetic diversity. Pasteurella multocida is considered to be one of the normal flora in the respiratory tract of camels and other animals but it becomes pathogenic and causes pasteurellosis when the resistance of the camel body is diminished by harmful environmental influences. Close herding, overwork, limited food supply, and wet climatic conditions are stresses that seem to speed the spread of the infection. Conventional PCR, Multiplex PCR and sequencing were applied to enhance identification of Pasteurella multocida at any level of specificity viz; strain, species, and genus. These molecular tools were applied to confirm the presence and genetic diversity of Pasteurella multocida in 102 blood and 30 nasal swab samples collected from Marsabit and Turkana counties in Kenya. Kmt1 gene was used as the marker gene for Pasteurella multocida and hyaD-hyaC, bcbD, dcbF, ecbJ, and fcbD as marker genes for capsular groups. A study done in northern Kenya noted that in Africa pasteurellosis infections causing death in camels (Camelus dromedarius) have been existing since 1890 though the real cause of this disease remains elusive and needs further study. The study was done to detect Pasteurella multocida and characterize its capsular types by application of molecular biology toolsResultsTwenty one Kenyan isolates were confirmed to be Pasteurella multocida and only capsular group E was detected in both counties. Pasteurella multocida sequences were found to be highly conserved, however isolates detected in Kenya were found to be genetically related to other isolates from African and other parts of the world. ConclusionsThe study confirm that the camels were infected by Pasteurella multocida of capsular type E in Marsabit and Turkana Counties of Kenya. DNA sequences were found to be homologous to Pasteurella multocida thereby confirming that the camels were infected by Pasteurella multocida.
Targeting NOX4 Disrupts the Resistance of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma to Chemotherapeutic Drugs and Lenvatinib
Authors: Tang Ping , Sheng Jianfeng , Peng Xiujuan , Zhang Renfei , Xu Tao , Hu Jun , Dang Hao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Advanced differentiated thyroid cancer cells are subjected to extreme nutritional starvation which contributes to develop resistance to treatments; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.Methods: We used 0.5% serum to mimic starvation during cell culture. A CCK8 assay, cell death Detection ELISAPLUS kit, PI staining were measured to determine cell viability, cell apoptosis and cell cycle respectively in BCPAP cells and TPC-1 cells expressing shRNA against NOX4. The cells were then treated with etoposide and doxorubicin, two chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as lenvatinib to determine the role of NOX4 in resistance. Lenvatinib-resistant BCPAP cells (LRBCs) were also established to confirm the role. Finally, GLX351322, a chemical inhibitor targeting NOX4, was used to inhibit NOX4-derived ROS and detect the the contribution of NOX4 to resistance in vitro and in vivo. Results: NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is highly expressed under serum starvation in BCPAP or TPC-1 cells. NOX4 knockdown impairs cell viability, increases cell apoptosis, extends G1 phase in cell cycle and modulates the level of energy-associated metabolites in starved cells. When these starved cells or Lenvatinib-resistant BCPAP cells (LRBCs) are treated with chemotherapeutic drugs or Lenvatinib, NOX4 knockdown inhibits cell viability and aggravates cell apoptosis depending on NOX4-derived ROS production. GLX351322, a NOX4-derived ROS inhibitor, has a significantly inhibitory effect on cell growth in vitro and the growth of BPCPA-derived even LRBCs-derived xenografts in vivo.Conclusions: These findings highlight NOX4 and NOX4-derived ROS as a potential therapeutic target in resistance of PTC patients.
Morphine Versus Methadone for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Sutter Mary Beth , Watson Hannah , Yonke Nicole , Weitzen Sherry , Leeman Lawrence 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) is a significant public health issue and while millions of neonates are affected each year, an optimal pharmacologic weaning protocol has yet to be demonstrated. In this study, we compare hospital length of stay (LOS) and length of treatment (LOT) for treatment of neonatal opioid withdrawal (NOWS) with morphine versus methadone.
Methods

This was a single-site, open-label, randomized controlled pilot study conducted from October 2016-June 2018. Infants were eligible if their primary in-utero drug exposure was heroin, oral opioids, or methadone and they were born at greater than or equal to 34 weeks gestation. Infants were excluded for serious medical comorbidities and primary in-utero exposure to buprenorphine.
Results

61 infants were enrolled; 30 were randomized to methadone treatment, and 31 to morphine treatment. Overall 46% of infants required treatment for NOWS. LOS and LOT for infants treated with morphine was 17.9 days and 14.7 days respectively, compared to 16.1 days and 12.8 days for babies treated with methadone (p=0.5, p=0.54). Infants treated with morphine received lower total morphine equivalents than those treated with methadone (9.7 vs. 33, p<0.01). Three treated infants in the methadone group required transfer to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, versus no infants in the morphine group.
Conclusions

Infants treated with morphine versus methadone had no significant differences in LOS or LOT in this pilot study. Infants treated with methadone received up to 3 times the opioid based on morphine equivalents as infants treated with morphine and had more transfers to the NICU for over sedation.
Clinical Trial Registration:

Morphine Versus Methadone for Opiate Exposed Infants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome NCT02851303, initated 01/08/2016 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02851303.
Risk of COVID-19 Transmission Aboard Aircraft: An Epidemiological Analysis Based on the National Health Information Platform
Authors: Guo Qiangqiang , Wang Jianjian , Estill Janne , Lan Hui , Zhang Juanjuan , Wu Shouyuan , Yao Jingwen , Yan Xuanchen , Chen Yaolong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the type of coronavirus that causes the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), is mainly spread by respiratory droplets and aerosols. This study aims to investigate the risk of COVID-19 transmission on aircraft. This in turn provides the scientific basis for the return of air travel from pandemic to normal conditions.Methods: We obtained data on all international flights to Lanzhou, China, from June 1 to August 1, 2020, through the Gansu Province National Health Information Platform and the official website of the Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. We calculated the period prevalence rate of COVID-19 among the passengers of all flights during the 14-day period following the flight, and stratified the prevalence by the seat positions (aisle, middle, window), and the relationship to other confirmed cases (1-2 rows ahead, same row, 1-2 rows behind). Results: Three international flights arrived in Lanzhou, China, during the study period, from Riyadh (MU7792), Jeddah (MU7790), and Moscow (CA608) each. The flights had a total of 700 passengers, of whom 405 (57.9%) were male and 80 (11.4%) were children below age fourteen. Twenty-seven (3.9%) passengers were confirmed to have COVID-19. There were no fatalities and all patients were cured. We identified three family clusters of cases. Confirmed patients were primarily male (n=17, 65.4%) with a median age of 27.0 years. The majority of confirmed cases were seated in the middle rows of the economy class, or near public facility areas such as restrooms and galleys. The prevalence of COVID-19 did not differ between passengers sitting on window, aisle or middle seats. Compared with passengers sitting on the same row up to two rows behind a confirmed case, passengers seated in the two rows ahead a confirmed case were at a slightly higher risk of being infected. Conclusions: COVID-19 may possibly be transmitted during a passenger flight, although there is still no direct evidence.