bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between surgical fixation of hip fractures within 24 hours and mortality
Authors: Welford Paul , Jones Conor S. , Davies Gareth , Kunutsor Setor K. , Costa Matt L. , Sayers Adrian , Whitehouse Michael R. 
Published: July 2021

Aims The aim of this study was to assess the effect of time to surgical intervention from admission on mortality and morbidity for patients with hip fractures. Methods MEDLINE and Embase were searched from inception to June 2020. Reference lists were manually assessed to identify additional papers. Primary comparative research studies that recruited patients aged over 60 years, with non-pathological primary proximal femoral fractures that were treated surgically, were included. Studies that did not include a group operated on within 24 hours or which reported time to surgery in calendar days were excluded. Two investigators extracted data on study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. The pre-defined primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were complications and mortality at other time points. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were aggregated and were grouped by study-level characteristics. Results This review included 46 studies (January 1991 to June 2020), comprising 521,857 hip fractures with 64,047 postoperative deaths. No randomized controlled trials were eligible for inclusion. In a pooled analysis of 15 studies, RR of mortality at 30 days comparing time to surgery < 24 hours with > 24 hours was 0.86 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.91; I 2 = 69%; 95% CI 50% to 81%; p-value for heterogeneity < 0.001). The association was stronger in observational studies that did not adjust for confounders than in those that adjusted for multiple covariates. In a pooled analysis of six studies, the RR of mortality at 30 days comparing time to surgery < 24 hours with 24 to 36 hours was 0.87 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.93; I 2 = 65%; 95% CI 16% to 85%; p-value for heterogeneity = 0.014). Conclusion This meta-analysis indicates reduced mortality for patients operated within 24 hours compared with those operated on beyond 24 hours or within 24 to 36 hours. Where resources allow and there is no specific reversible contraindication to early surgery, we recommend that hip fractures should be surgically treated within 24 hours. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7):1176–1186.
Operative Production Controlling as Entrance into Controlling 4.0
Authors: Pfeifer Marcel Rolf 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the article: The paper focuses on the potentials and benefits controlling provides for companies in the transition period towards industry 4.0. Operative production controlling provides data that shall be used in the future to apply the concept of smart factories. This article proposes a controlling archtitecture based on computer-aided standardization.
Methodology/methods: The paper develops an architecture on operational production controlling based on an international literature review. Literature on controlling 4.0 are found mostly in publications in German language. While this literature has its focus on controlling as a whole or on strategic controlling, the paper has a look on operational controlling and its further usage and development towards smart factories.
Scientific aim: The aim of this article is to develop a model of an operational production controlling architecture that is able to suite the requirements of smart factories by using computer-aided standarization.
Findings: Research is working on concepts for industry 4.0 and its way towards real implementation. Competitive advantage in industry 4.0 is created through digitization and robotization. An architecture that fully complies to industry 4.0 is still waiting in real companies due to technical limitation in data storing, retrieval and processing as well as storage capacities.
Conclusions: The paper discussed the devlopment of a controlling architecture suitable for industry 4.0. Already today controlling is making use of data. Smart factories shall make use of production data. Production controlling together with the CAS, that is able to provide standardized data on all manufacturing, maintenance, and auxiliary processes, systems are able to make a step forward towards smart factories. The concept of production controlling combined with the strengths of a CAS may be seen as the basis from which to target smart factories and industry 4.0.
Measuring Monsters, Academic Subjectivities, and Counting Practices
Authors: Cannon Susan O. , Flint Maureen A. 
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we explore the online academic research platforms we are entangled with as tenure-track faculty members in the neoliberal university. We are so embedded in these systems that the assumptions and constructions inherent in practices of counting are often lost, wrapped in the coils of counting practices—a becoming with algorithm. Though academic platforms are intricately enmeshed in our research and lives, they have been operating as “onto-epistemological blind spots” (Sweet et al., 2020, p. 2). And yet, the numbers they produce and rely on (H-scores, impact factors, citation counts, and journal rankings) matter and are “promiscuous and inventive in [their] agential wanderings” (Barad, 2015, p. 487), offering possibilities for intimacy and response-ability to what we are and might become. In other words, attending to the monstrous qualities of counting practices offers an entry point for re-thinking the relational, ethical, and affective aspects of academic subjectivity. So, we attend tothese qualities to become with the neoliberal counting and control mechanisms in innovative ways. Through this paper, we open ourselves to the wild possibilities of academic algorithms, working within and thinking with counting practices to intimately understand the ontologies of number at work in these platforms and how they work on our subjectivities. As we consider how our futures are being modelled and pre-empted, we think the algorithms in relation to feminist new materialist philosophers, Rosi Braidotti and Karen Barad. We ask: ‘what if?’ we were to think ontologies of number with these theories and see what possibilities emerge. We entangle Braidotti and Barad with Deleuzoguattarian philosophies to imagine different relational becomings; to construct new ways of attending to our monstrous potentials and possibilities.
Light recycling in LED-pumped Ce:YAG luminescent concentrators
Authors: Nourry-Martin Maxime , Pichon Pierre , Druon Frederic , Darbon Stephane , Balembois François , Georges Patrick 
Published: July 2021

We report the development of a high-brightness, high-power Ce:YAG luminescent concentrator pumped by 2240 blue LEDs in quasi-continuous wave operation (10 µs, 10 Hz). Using light confinement and recycling in the three space dimensions, the parallelepiped (1mm×14×mm×200mm) Ce:YAG emits a power of 145 W from a square output surface (1 × 1mm2) corresponding to a brightness of 4.6 kW/cm2/sr. This broadband yellow source has a unique combination of luminous flux (7.6 104 lm) and brightness (2.4 104 cd/mm2) and overcomes many other visible incoherent sources by one order of magnitude. This paper also proposes a deep understanding of the performance drop compared to a linear behavior when the pump power increases. Despite excited state absorption was unexpected for this low doped Ce:YAG pumped at a low irradiance level, we demonstrated that it affects the performance by tripling the losses in the concentrator. This effect is particularly important for small output surfaces corresponding to strong light recycling in the concentrator and to average travel distances inside the medium reaching meters.
Utility of the Global Respiratory Severity Score for predicting the need for respiratory support in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Kubota Jun , Hirano Daishi , Okabe Shiro , Yamauchi Kento , Kimura Rena , Numata Haruka , Suzuki Takayuki , Kakegawa Daisuke , Ito Akira 
Published: July 2021

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of acute respiratory infection in children. One of the most important strategies for treatment of an RSV infection is to decide whether the patient needs respiratory support. This study aimed to assess the validity and clinical benefit of the Global Respiratory Severity Score (GRSS) and the Wang bronchiolitis severity score (WBSS) for clinical decision-making regarding providing respiratory support (high-flow nasal cannula, nasal continuous positive airway pressure, or ventilator) in infants with an RSV infection.

Study design and methods
This retrospective cohort study enrolled 250 infants aged under 10 months who were admitted to Atsugi City Hospital with an RSV infection between January 2012 and December 2019. The utility of these scores was evaluated for assessing the need for respiratory support through decision curve analysis by calculating the optimal GRSS and WBSS cut-offs for predicting the need for respiratory support.

Results
Twenty-six infants (10.4%) received respiratory support. The optimal cut-offs for the GRSS and the WBSS were 4.52 and 7, respectively. Decision curve analysis suggested that the GRSS was a better predictive tool than the WBSS if the probability of needing respiratory support was 10–40%.

Conclusions
The GRSS was clinically useful in determining the need for respiratory support in infants aged under 10 months with an RSV infection.
Treatment seeking delay and associated factors among tuberculosis patients attending health facility in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2020: A systematic review and meta analysis
Authors: Obsa Mohammed Suleiman , Daga Wakgari Binu , Wosene Naol Gorde , Gebremedhin Tsegaye Demeke , Edosa Dinkisisa Chemeda , Dedecho Abdurahman Tune , Awoke Nefsu , Weji Bedilu Girma , Bekele Eyob Eshetu 
Published: July 2021

Background
Treatment seeking delay is defined as the time interval between the onset of the major symptoms of tuberculosis (TB) and the first visit to the formal health care facility. The patient was said to be delayed if the patient visited the health-facility after 3 weeks onset of major symptoms. However, in low-income countries like Ethiopia, the delay in treatment-seeking among tuberculosis patients contributes to a widespread transmission and high prevalence of tuberculosis.

Methods
Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Database, Cinahl, Scopus, Mednar, and Google Scholar by employing a combination of search terms with Boolean operators. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the Cochrane Q test. A funnel plot was used for visual assessment of publication bias. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the possible causes of heterogeneity. Egger’s weighted regression test at a p-value < 0.05 was used to assess the presence of publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was performed to judge whether the pooled effect size was influenced by individual study. STATA software version 14 was used for all statistical analyses.

Result
A total of 12 studies with 5122 total sample size were included. The national pooled prevalence of treatment seeking delay was 44.29% (95% CI: 39.805, 48.771). The visual inspection of the funnel plot showed the asymmetrical distribution, and the Egger test showed insignificant (P = 0.348). Patients who did not seek formal health care providers on a first contact had about 7 times more likely to delay than patients who sought formal health care provider on a first contact (OR: 7.192 ((95% CI 5.587–9.257), P = 0.001, I2: 85%). The others independent predictors of delay were rural residence (OR: 3.459 ((95% CI 1.469–8.148), P ≤ 0.001), extra pulmonary TB (OR: 2.520 ((95% CI 1.761–3.605), 0.180), lower educational level (OR 11.720 ((95% CI 1.006–2.938), P <0.001), and distance more than 10km from health facility (OR: 1.631 ((95% CI (10.858–3.101), P = 0.001).

Conclusion
In this review, we identified a substantial treatment seeking delay among TB patients in Ethiopia. And, the independent predictors of delay were treatment sought before formal health care provider, residence of the patient, type of TB, educational level, and distance from a health facility. Thus, we recommend health extension workers, health professionals and other stakeholders to focus on patient education, and to continuously mobilize the whole communities on early treatment seeking with a special emphasis given to where treatment sought before formal health care provider, rural resident, extra pulmonary TB, and a patient living farther than 10km distance from health facility.
Accuracy of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-4 and GDS-5 for the screening of depression among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Brañez-Condorena Ana , Soriano-Moreno David R. , Navarro-Flores Alba , Solis-Chimoy Blanca , Diaz-Barrera Mario E. , Taype-Rondan Alvaro 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a widely used instrument to assess depression in older adults. The short GDS versions that have four (GDS-4) and five items (GDS-5) represent alternatives for depression screening in limited-resource settings. However, their accuracy remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of the GDS-4 and GDS-5 versions for depression screening in older adults.MethodsUntil May 2020, we systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Google Scholar; for studies that have assessed the sensitivity and specificity of GDS-4 and GDS-5 for depression screening in older adults. We conducted meta-analyses of the sensitivity and specificity of those studies that used the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) as reference standard. Study quality was assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool. We performed bivariate random-effects meta-analyses to calculate the pooled sensitivity and specificity with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) at each reported common cut-off. For the overall meta-analyses, we evaluated each GDS-4 version or GDS-5 version separately by each cut-off, and for investigations of heterogeneity, we assessed altogether across similar GDS versions by each cut-off. Also, we assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE methodology.ResultsTwenty-three studies were included and meta-analyzed, assessing eleven different GDS versions. The number of participants included was 5048. When including all versions together, at a cut-off 2, GDS-4 had a pooled sensitivity of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70–0.82) and a pooled specificity of 0.75 (0.68–0.81); while GDS-5 had a pooled sensitivity of 0.85 (0.80–0.90) and a pooled specificity of 0.75 (0.69–0.81). We found results for more than one GDS-4 version at cut-off points 1, 2, and 3; and for more than one GDS-5 version at cut-off points 1, 2, 3, and 4. Mostly, significant subgroup differences at different test thresholds across versions were found. The accuracy of the different GDS-4 and GDS-5 versions showed a high heterogeneity. There was high risk of bias in the index test domain. Also, the certainty of the evidence was low or very low for most of the GDS versions.ConclusionsWe found several GDS-4 and GDS-5 versions that showed great heterogeneity in estimates of sensitivity and specificity, mostly with a low or very low certainty of the evidence. Altogether, our results indicate the need for more well-designed studies that compare different GDS versions.
Potency of commonly retailed antibiotics in pharmacies found in Adama, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia
Authors: Demissie Demelash , Geremew Teshome , Chernet Adinew Zewdu , Ali Musa Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
Antibiotics are commonly used for the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. The potency of antibiotics can be affected by factors such as temperature, light, moisture, and storage conditions. Inappropriate storage and transportation of antibiotics may lead to loss of potency earlier than the expiry date. The aim of this study was to determine the potency and associated factors of commonly retailed antibiotics.

Method
Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on commonly retailed antibiotics in pharmacies that are available in Adama, Ethiopia from March 2018 to June 2018. This study focused on commonly ordered antibiotics such as amoxicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone. Antibiotics to be tested were selected by using a simple random sampling technique. Socio-demographic and related data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method as described in the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guideline.

Results
Mean inhibition zones of amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone were 14.2 ± 4 mm, 30.9 ± 4.2 mm, 17.47 ± 3.83 mm, and 32.7±1.8 respectively. Out of 164 antibiotics tested, 61% passed the potency test. The potency of antibiotics varies across different countries in which 53.7% and 54.6 of antibiotics from India and Ethiopia passed the potency test. All ceftriaxone tested in this study passed the potency test. Factors such as air condition of pharmacy (X2 = 4.27; p = 0.039), source of all antibiotics (X2 = 5.41; p = 0.02), and source of amoxicillin (X2 = 4.73; p = 0.03) were significantly associated with potency of antibiotics.

Conclusions
About 40% of antibiotics tested in the current study did not pass the potency test; this warrants further investigation to identify the magnitude of the problem and its causes at a large scale.
Increasingly capable at the ripe old age? Cognitive abilities from 2004 to 2013 in Germany, Spain, and Sweden
Authors: Grasshoff Julia , Beller Johannes , Kuhlmann Beatrice G. , Geyer Siegfried 
Published: July 2021

Background
Life expectancy is increasing in most high-income countries, but gains in life years are maximized if spent in good health and if cognitive abilities are maintained until old age. Age-related decline of cognitive abilities does nevertheless occur, but the pace of decline is decisive. This was the starting point for our study that aims to examine cohort effects of cognitive aging in women and men in Germany, Spain and Sweden by analyzing changes from 2004 to 2013 by estimating cohort effects within age groups starting from the age of 50 years.

Methods
A cohort study was conducted that was based on data of the surveys 2004 (N = 6,081) and 2013 (N = 8,650) from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The analyses were based on data of female and male respondents aged 50 years and older. Age-specific means of verbal fluency and delayed recall from the German, Spanish and Swedish samples were the cognitive domains considered in the study.

Results
In both domains of cognitive ability the achievements in the later surveys were higher than in the earlier ones. This was found in all countries, abut achievement levels increased markedly in the German and the Spanish samples, while the scores of the Swedish samples were not significantly different.
While the highest scores were found for Sweden, Germany ranked in the middle and the lowest scores were found in the Spanish samples. Over time, the scores of the German samples approached those of Sweden.

Conclusions
From the first to the second survey, improvements of older adults’ cognitive abilities were found for all countries considered. This may indicate improvements of the underlying educational systems, but also increasingly stimulating general living conditions.
Use and experiences of galactagogues while breastfeeding among Australian women
Authors: McBride Grace M. , Stevenson Robyn , Zizzo Gabriella , Rumbold Alice R. , Amir Lisa H. , Keir Amy K. , Grzeskowiak Luke E. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Galactagogues are substances thought to increase breast milk production, however evidence to support their efficacy and safety remain limited. We undertook a survey among Australian women to examine patterns of use of galactagogues and perceptions regarding their safety and effectiveness.

Methods
An online, cross-sectional survey was distributed between September and December 2019 via national breastfeeding and preterm birth support organisations, and networks of several research institutions in Australia. Women were eligible to participate if they lived in Australia and were currently/previously breastfeeding. The survey included questions about galactagogue use (including duration and timing), side effects and perceived effectiveness (on a scale of 1 [Not at all effective] to 5 [Extremely effective]).

Results
Among 1876 respondents, 1120 (60%) reported using one or more galactagogues. Women were 31.5 ± 4.8 years (mean ± standard deviation) at their most recent birth. Sixty-five percent of women were currently breastfeeding at the time of the survey. The most commonly reported galactagogues included lactation cookies (47%), brewer’s yeast (32%), fenugreek (22%) and domperidone (19%). The mean duration of use for each galactagogue ranged from 2 to 20 weeks. Approximately 1 in 6 women reported commencing galactagogues within the first week postpartum. Most women reported receiving recommendations to use herbal/dietary galactagogues from the internet (38%) or friends (25%), whereas pharmaceutical galactagogues were most commonly prescribed by General Practitioners (72%). The perceived effectiveness varied greatly across galactagogues. Perceived effectiveness was highest for domperidone (mean rating of 3.3 compared with 2.0 to 3.0 among other galactagogues). Over 23% of domperidone users reported experiencing multiple side effects, compared to an average of 3% of women taking herbal galactagogues.

Conclusions
This survey demonstrates that galactagogues use is common in Australia. Further research is needed to generate robust evidence about galactagogues’ efficacy and safety to support evidence-based strategies and improve breastfeeding outcomes.
CONCILIAÇÃO MEDICAMENTOSA EM UMA UNIDADE DE INTERNAÇÃO DE HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Barboza da Silva Thamires , Pegoraro Alves-Zarpelon Stella , Laureano João Victor 
Published: July 2021

Uma das estratégias utilizadas para melhoria da segurança do paciente, principalmente na identificação e prevenção de eventos adversos relacionados a medicamentos, é a conciliação medicamentosa. A identificação de discrepâncias entre os medicamentos em uso pelo paciente antes da admissão hospitalar e os medicamentos prescritos durante a internação evitam danos que podem ser permanentes e promovem a segurança do paciente. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar, utilizando da conciliação medicamentosa, possíveis discrepâncias e interações medicamentosas em pacientes internados em unidade clínica de um hospital público do Sul do Brasil, por meio de um estudo transversal, de caráter descritivo e prospectivo, no qual os pacientes foram entrevistados sobre os medicamentos em uso antes da internação e comparando com o que foi prescrito. A maioria dos pacientes era homens, idosos e com doenças cardiovasculares como doença de base. Dos 50 entrevistados, 94% apresentaram ao menos uma discrepância. Dos 153 medicamentos discrepantes, 66,7% foram classificados como discrepâncias intencionais e 33,3% como discrepâncias não intencionais. Os medicamentos que atuam no sistema cardiovascular foram os mais frequentes, nas discrepâncias e nas possíveis interações medicamentosas. Os pacientes polimedicados foram os que apresentaram número maior de possíveis interações medicamentosas. A identificação dessas discrepâncias demonstrou a importância da realização da conciliação medicamentosa e da intervenção do farmacêutico na prevenção de eventos adversos relacionados a medicamentos.