bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ein „asiatischer“ Mozart bei Weiss und bei Kafka
Authors: Neumann Bernd 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungAn dieser Stelle muss man zunächst Philologisch-Biografisches rekapitulieren: Franz Kafka hat drei Romane geschrieben. Deren erster rührte noch aus frühen Jünglingstagen, und vermutlich sogar vor der Jahrhundertwende, her. Wurde dann im Sommer/Herbst des Weltkriegsausbruchs 1914 abgeschlossen, nach intensiver Arbeit an diesem Text auch noch im Jahr 1913.
Die Lichtgeschwindigkeit ist unerreichbar – bis heute. Zu Kafkas zentraler literaturtheoretischer Kategorie eines immerwährenden „Ansturms gegen die Grenze“
Authors: Neumann Bernd 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungNoch einmal und nun abschliessend: Die Literatur Franz Kafkas, nach des Pragers eigener, zentraler, sozusagen kanonischer Aussage, sollte immer ein „Ansturm gegen die Grenze“ gewesen sein. Diese absolute Grenze sei so unerreichbar wie unüberschreitbar; sein, Kafkas eigenes Leben und Schreiben habe deshalb den Aggregatzustand eines „stehenden Marschierens“ gehabt.
Die Lichtgeschwindigkeit ein „neuer Gott“? Von Einstein zu Kafka noch immer via Ludwig Hopf
Authors: Neumann Bernd 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung„Ein Körper kann sich nicht mit Lichtgeschwindigkeit bewegen“: Der Physikprofessor Ludwig Hopf, der diesen zentralen Satz geschrieben hat, spielte seine Rolle, wo es um Kafkas Begegnung mit Albert Einsteins neuem Weltbild ging. Hierbei kann von „Spekulation“ die Rede nicht sein. Denn der klavierspielende Hopf war wie gesagt im Jahr 1911 Einsteins Privatssistent in Prag gewesen – und zugleich ein treuer Gefährte von Brod und Kafka in deren sozialen Kreisen in der Hauptstadt Böhmens.
Annäherungen an Prometheus
Authors: Neumann Bernd 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungEs existieren bei Kafka Texte, die solchem Wunsch wesentlich näher liegen als die im Schloss enthaltene „Legende“ Vor dem Gesetz.Ein ganzer, für uns verpflichtender Textkomplex wurde unter dem 17. Januar 1918 und ohne eigenen Titel im 3. Oktavheft überliefert: „Von Prometheus berichten vier Sagen.“
Coda und zugleich Schlussakkord
Authors: Neumann Bernd 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungNichts ist monokausal. Und doch hatte der beschriebene Tatbestand, ohne Zweifel und sogar zentral, zu tun mit Kafkas Zusammentreffen mit Albert Einsteins Relativitätstheorie. Eine neue, radikale Moderne war damals angebrochen.
‘We Owned the Land Before the State Was Established’: The State, Traditional Authorities, and Land Policy in Africa
Authors: Chitonge Horman 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter looks at the land policy reform challenges in Africa, focusing on the struggle between the state and traditional leaders over the control of customary land. The governance of customary land is one of the most contentious land issues in Africa. As many African governments seek to reform land policies in order to respond to the challenges of population growth and urbanisation leading to the increasing demand for land, the proposed reforms are often challenged by traditional leaders who see the reforms as a ploy to undermine their authority over customary land. It is argued in this chapter that, while the state sometimes attempts to co-opt traditional leaders into cooperating with it, this alliance often does not hold for long, especially when traditional leaders sense that their interests are being undermined by proposed land policy reforms. Drawing from the Zambian experience, the chapter shows that although the state, as a sovereign entity, has the authority over all land under its territory, the situation is complicated by the fact that traditional leaders also assert authority over customary land. This situation sometimes leads to contestations that often frustrate the formulation and implementation of land policy reforms.
Land Tenure Reform in Three Former Settler Colonies in Southern Africa
Authors: Sato Chizuko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study explores the challenges of land tenure reform for three former settler colonies in southern Africa–Zimbabwe, Namibia, and South Africa. While land redistribution programmes have been the primary focus of land reform for these countries since independence, land tenure reform for the inhabitants of communal areas is an equally important and complex policy challenge. Before independence, the administration of these areas was more or less in the hands of traditional leaders, whose roles were sanctioned by the colonial and apartheid authorities. Therefore, one of the primary concerns with respect to reforming land tenure systems in communal areas is related to the power and authority of traditional leaders in the post-independence period. This study highlights striking similarities in the nations’ land tenure reform policies. All of them gave statutory recognition to traditional leaders and strengthened their roles in rural land administration. In understanding this ‘resurgence’ or tenacity of traditional leadership, the symbiotic relationship between the ruling parties and traditional leaders cannot be ignored and should be problematised. Nonetheless, this chapter also argues that this obsession with traditional leadership may result in the neglect of other important issues related to land tenure reform in communal areas, such as the role of customary land tenureas social security.
Land Law Reform and Complex State-Building Process in Rwanda
Authors: Takeuchi Shinichi , Marara Jean 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study sheds light on recent land law (land tenure) reform in Rwanda by examining its close and complex relations with state-building. By prioritising land law reform and receiving strong support from external funding agencies, the post-civil warRwanda became the first African country to complete land registration throughout its territory. Land law reform should be considered a part of the radical interventions in rural areas frequently implemented by the Rwandan Patriotic Front-led government and, therefore, has been closely connected to its aspiration to reinforce the existent political order. The government has utilised reform and external financial support for this purpose. However, despite the success of the one-time land registration, Rwanda has encountered serious difficulties in institutionalising sustainable registering systems since transactions of land have been recorded only in exceptional cases. Additionally, it suggests that the government does not have a strong incentive to collect accurate information about properties in rural areas. The widening gap between recorded information and the real situation may affect land administration, which is of tremendous importance to Rwanda and, thus, possibly undermine state control over society.
The multifunctional RNA-binding protein Staufen1: an emerging regulator of oncogenesis through its various roles in key cellular events
Authors: Almasi Shekoufeh , Jasmin Bernard J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe double-stranded multifunctional RNA-binding protein (dsRBP) Staufen was initially discovered in insects as a regulator of mRNA localization. Later, its mammalian orthologs have been described in different organisms, including humans. Two human orthologues of Staufen, named Staufen1 (STAU1) and Staufen2 (STAU2), share some structural and functional similarities. However, given their different spatio-temporal expression patterns, each of these orthologues plays distinct roles in cells. In the current review, we focus on the role of STAU1 in cell functions and cancer development. Since its discovery, STAU1 has mostly been studied for its involvement in various aspects of RNA metabolism. Given the pivotal role of RNA metabolism within cells, recent studies have explored the mechanistic impact of STAU1 in a wide variety of cell functions ranging from cell growth to cell death, as well as in various disease states. In particular, there has been increasing attention on the role of STAU1 in neuromuscular disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of STAU1 in RNA metabolism and cell functions. We also highlight the link between STAU1-mediated control of cellular functions and cancer development, progression, and treatment. Hence, our review emphasizes the potential of STAU1 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer diagnosis and treatment, respectively.
Non-integrable Ising Models in Cylindrical Geometry: Grassmann Representation and Infinite Volume Limit
Authors: Antinucci Giovanni , Giuliani Alessandro , Greenblatt Rafael L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, meant as a companion to Antinucci et al. (Energy correlations of non-integrable Ising models: the scaling limit in the cylinder, 2020. arXiv: 1701.05356), we consider a class of non-integrable 2D Ising models in cylindrical domains, and we discuss two key aspects of the multiscale construction of their scaling limit. In particular, we provide a detailed derivation of the Grassmann representation of the model, including a self-contained presentation of the exact solution of the nearest neighbor model in the cylinder. Moreover, we prove precise asymptotic estimates of the fermionic Green’s function in the cylinder, required for the multiscale analysis of the model. We also review the multiscale construction of the effective potentials in the infinite volume limit, in a form suitable for the generalization to finite cylinders. Compared to previous works, we introduce a few important simplifications in the localization procedure and in the iterative bounds on the kernels of the effective potentials, which are crucial for the adaptation of the construction to domains with boundaries.
Endoscopic measurement of nasal septum perforations
Authors: Rosenthal Jean-Claude , Wisotzky Eric L. , Matuschek Carsten , Hobl Melanie , Hilsmann Anna , Eisert Peter , Uecker Florian C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Nasal septum perforations (NSP) have many uncomfortable symptoms for the patient and a highly negative impact on quality of life. NSPs are closed using patient-specific implants or surgery. Implants are created either under anesthesia using silicone impressions or using 3D models from CT data. Disadvantages for patient safety are the increased risk of morbidity or radiation exposure.

Materials and methods
In the context of otorhinolaryngologic surgery, we present a gentle approach to treating NSP with a new image-based, contactless, and radiation-free measurement method using a 3D endoscope. The method relies on image information only and makes use of real-time capable computer vision algorithms to compute 3D information. This endoscopic method can be repeated as often as desired in the clinical course and has already proven its accuracy and robustness for robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) and surgical microscopy. We expand our method for nasal surgery, as there are additional spatial and stereoperspective challenges.

Results
After measuring 3 relevant parameters (NSP extension: axial, coronal, and NSP circumference) of 6 patients and comparing the results of 2 stereoendoscopes with CT data, it was shown that the image-based measurements can achieve comparable accuracies to CT data. One patient could be only partially evaluated because the NSP was larger than the endoscopic field of view.

Conclusion
Based on the very good measurements, we outline a therapeutic procedure which should enable the production of patient-specific NSP implants based on endoscopic data only.
A mean-squared-error condition for weighting ionospheric delays in GNSS baselines
Authors: Teunissen P. J. G. , Khodabandeh A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough ionosphere-weighted GNSS parameter estimation is a popular technique for strengthening estimator performance in the presence of ionospheric delays, no provable rules yet exist that specify the needed weighting in dependence on ionospheric circumstances. The goal of the present contribution is therefore to develop and present the ionospheric conditions that need to be satisfied in order for the ionosphere-weighted solution to be mean squared error (MSE) superior to the ionosphere-float solution. When satisfied, the presented conditions guarantee from an MSE performance view, when (a) the ionosphere-fixed solution can be used, (b) the ionosphere-float solution must be used, or (c) an ionosphere-weighted solution can be used.
Symbolic Dynamics for the Anisotropic N-Centre Problem at Negative Energies
Authors: Barutello Vivina , Canneori Gian Marco , Terracini Susanna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe planar N-centre problem describes the motion of a particle moving in the plane under the action of the force fields of N fixed attractive centres: $$\begin{aligned} \ddot{x}(t)=\sum _{j=1}^N\nabla V_j(x(t)-c_j). \end{aligned}$$

x
¨

(
t
)

=

∑

j
=
1

N

∇

V
j

(
x

(
t
)

-

c
j

)

.

In this paper we prove symbolic dynamics at slightly negative energy for an N-centre problem where the potentials $$V_j$$

V
j

are positive, anisotropic and homogeneous of degree $$-\alpha _j$$

-

α
j

: $$\begin{aligned} V_j(x)=|x|^{-\alpha _j}V_j\left( \frac{x}{|x|}\right) . \end{aligned}$$

V
j

(
x
)

=

|
x
|

-

α
j

V
j

x

|
x
|

.

The proof is based on a broken geodesics argument and trajectories are extremals of the Maupertuis’ functional. Compared with the classical N-centre problem with Kepler potentials, a major difficulty arises from the lack of a regularization of the singularities. We will consider both the collisional dynamics and the non collision one. Symbols describe geometric and topological features of the associated trajectory.
Infinite sequences of almost symmetric non-Weierstrass numerical semigroups
Authors: Komeda Jiryo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLet u be any positive integer. We construct infinite sequences of almost symmetric non-Weierstrass numerical semigroups whose conductors are the genera double minus $$2u-1$$

2
u
-
1

. Moreover, let v be any non-negative integer. We give an infinite number of non-Weierstrass numerical semigroups whose conductors are the genera double minus 2v.
Development and commissioning of the T6 Stalker Tunnel
Authors: Collen Peter , Doherty Luke J. , Subiah Suria D. , Sopek Tamara , Jahn Ingo , Gildfind David , Penty Geraets Rowland , Gollan Rowan , Hambidge Christopher , Morgan Richard , McGilvray Matthew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe T6 Stalker Tunnel is a multi-mode, high-enthalpy, transient ground test facility. It is the first of its type in the UK. The facility combines the original free-piston driver from the T3 Shock Tunnel with modified barrels from the Oxford Gun Tunnel. Depending on test requirements, it can operate as a shock tube, reflected shock tunnel or expansion tube. Commissioning tests of the free-piston driver are discussed, including the development of four baseline driver conditions using piston masses of either 36 kg or 89 kg. Experimental data are presented for each operating mode, with comparison made to numerical simulations. In general, high-quality test flows are observed. The calculated enthalpy range of the experimental conditions achieved varies from$$2.7\hbox { MJ kg}^{-1}$$2.7MJkg-1to$$115.0\hbox { MJ kg}^{-1}$$115.0MJkg-1.Graphical abstract
Adapting Game Engines to Curved Spaces
Authors: Szirmay-Kalos László , Magdics Milán 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCurved spaces are very un-intuitive to our eyes trained on Euclidean geometry. Games provide an interesting way to explore these strange worlds. Games are written with the help of modeling tools and game engines based on Euclidean geometry. This paper addresses the problem of adapting 3D game engines to the rules of curved spaces. We consider the conversion of Euclidean objects, geometric calculations, transformation pipeline, lighting and physical simulation. Finally, we identify where existing game engines should be modified.
Differential diagnosis of syndromic craniosynostosis: a case series
Authors: Casteleyn Tamara , Horn Denise , Henrich Wolfgang , Verlohren Stefan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Syndromic craniosynostosis is a rare genetic disease caused by premature fusion of one or multiple cranial sutures combined with malformations of other organs. The aim of this publication is to investigate sonographic signs of different syndromic craniosynostoses and associated malformations to facilitate a precise and early diagnosis.

Methods
We identified in the period of 2000–2019 thirteen cases with a prenatal suspected diagnosis of syndromic craniosynostosis at our department. We analyzed the ultrasound findings, MRI scans, genetic results as well as the mode of delivery, and postnatal procedures.

Results
Eight children were diagnosed with Apert Syndrome, two with Saethre Chotzen syndrome, one with Crouzon syndrome, and one with Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome. One child had a mutation p.(Pro253Leu) in the FGFR2 gene. We identified characteristic changes of the head shape as well as typical associated malformations.

Conclusion
Second trimester diagnosis of syndromic craniosynostosis is feasible based on the identified sonographic signs. In case of a suspected diagnosis a genetic, neonatal as well as surgical counseling is recommended. We also recommend to offer a fetal MRI. The delivery should be planned in a perinatal center.
Unspecified pain and other soft tissue disorders following electrical injuries: a register-based matched cohort study
Authors: Poulsen Per Hoegh , Carstensen Ole , Kærgaard Anette , Vestergaard Jesper Medom , Nielsen Kent J. , Biering Karin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective
This study investigates whether individuals who have sustained an electrical injury (EI) are diagnosed with unspecified pain or pain related to the musculoskeletal system in the years following the injury.

Methods
Individuals listed in Danish registers as having sustained EIs were matched for sex, age, and year of injury in a cohort study with individuals having experienced dislocations/sprains (match 1), eye injuries (match 2), and a sample of individuals with the same occupation without a history of electrical injuries (match 3). Outcomes were unspecified pain and unspecified soft tissue disorders. Conditional logistic regression and conditional Cox regression were applied.

Results
We identified 14,112 individuals who sustained EIs. A higher risk of both outcomes was observed for all three matches, and was highest at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The risk of both outcomes was considerably higher for match 3.

Conclusions
This study confirms that exposure to EIs increases the risk of being diagnosed with unspecified pain or unspecified soft tissue disorders both at short and long terms. Our results also showed that the risk of unspecified pain as sequelae is related to the severity of the injury.
Tuft cell integration of luminal states and interaction modules in tissues
Authors: Schneider Christoph 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChemosensory processes are integral to the physiology of most organisms. This function is typically performed by specialized cells that are able to detect input signals and to convert them to an output dedicated to a particular group of target cells. Tuft cells are cholinergic chemosensory epithelial cells capable of producing immunologically relevant effector molecules. They are scattered throughout endoderm-derived hollow organs and function as sensors of luminal stimuli, which has been best studied in mucosal barrier epithelia. Given their epithelial origin and broad distribution, and based on their interplay with immune pathways, tuft cells can be considered a prototypical example of how complex multicellular organisms engage innate immune mechanisms to modulate and optimize organ physiology. In this review, I provide a concise overview of tuft cells and discuss how these cells influence organ adaptation to dynamic luminal conditions.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma after pediatric kidney transplantation
Authors: Grenda Ryszard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNon-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that develops after kidney transplantation belongs to post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) occurring with an incidence of 2–3%. Most pediatric cases are related to primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), able to transform and immortalize B cells and widely proliferate due to the lack of relevant control of cytotoxic T cells in patients receiving post-transplant immunosuppression. NHL may develop as a systemic disease or as a localized lesion. The clinical pattern is variable, from non-symptomatic to fulminating disease. Young age of transplant recipient, seronegative EBV status at transplantation, and EBV mismatch between donor and recipient (D+/R-) are regarded as risk factors. Immunosuppression impacts the development of both early and late NHLs. Specific surveillance protocols, including monitoring of EBV viral load, are used in patients at risk; however, detailed histopathology diagnosis and evaluation of malignancy staging is crucial for therapeutic decisions. Minimizing of immunosuppression is a primary management, followed by the use of rituximab in B-cell NHLs. Specific chemotherapeutic protocols, adjusted to lymphoma classification and staging, are used in advanced NHLs. Radiotherapy and/or surgical removal of malignant lesions is limited to the most severe cases. Outcome is variable, depending on risk factors and timing of diagnosis, however is positive in pediatric patients in terms of graft function and patient survival. Kidney re-transplantation is possible in survivors who lost the primary graft due to chronic rejection, however may be performed after at least 2–3 years of waiting time, careful verification of malignancy-free status, and gaining immunity against EBV.
Estimation of resting blood pressure using facial thermal images by separating acute stress variations
Authors: Iwashita Yuki , Nagumo Kent , Oiwa Kosuke , Nozawa Akio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe increasing number of people with hypertension worldwide has become a matter of grave concern. Blood pressure monitoring using a non-contact measurement technique is expected to detect and control this medical condition. Previous studies have estimated blood pressure variations following an acute stress response based on facial thermal images obtained from infrared thermography devices. However, a non-contact resting blood pressure estimation method is required because blood pressure is generally measured in the resting state without inducing acute stress. Day-long blood pressure variations include short-term variations due to acute stress and long-term variations in circadian rhythms. The aim of this study is to estimate resting blood pressure from facial thermal images by separating and excluding short-term variations related to acute stress. To achieve this, short-term blood pressure variations components related to acute stress on facial thermal images were separated using independent component analysis. Resting blood pressure was estimated with the extracted independent components excluding the short-term components using multiple regression analysis. The results show that the proposed approach can accurately estimate resting blood pressure from facial thermal images, with a 9.90 mmHg root mean square error. In addition, features related to resting blood pressure were represented in the nose, lip, and cheek regions.