bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change detection in sparse repeat CT scans with non-rigid deformations
Authors: Shamul Naomi , Joskowicz Leo 
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Detecting and interpreting changes in the images of follow-up CT scans by the clinicians is often time-consuming and error-prone due to changes in patient position and non-rigid anatomy deformations. Thus, reconstructed repeat scan images are required, precluding reduced dose sparse-view repeat scanning. OBJECTIVE: A method to automatically detect changes in a region of interest of sparse-view repeat CT scans in the presence of non-rigid deformations of the patient’s anatomy without reconstructing the original images. METHODS: The proposed method uses the sparse sinogram data of two CT scans to distinguish between genuine changes in the repeat scan and differences due to non-rigid anatomic deformations. First, size and contrast level of the changed regions are estimated from the difference between the scans’ sinogram data. The estimated types of changes in the repeat scan help optimize the method’s parameter values. Two scans are then aligned using Radon space non-rigid registration. Rays which crossed changes in the ROI are detected and back-projected onto image space in a two-phase procedure. These rays form a likelihood map from which the binary changed region map is computed. RESULTS: Experimental studies on four pairs of clinical lung and liver CT scans with simulated changed regions yield a mean changed region recall rate > 86%and a mean precision rate > 83%when detecting large changes with low contrast, and high contrast changes, even when small. The new method outperforms image space methods using prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS) reconstruction, particularly for small, low contrast changes (recall = 15.8%, precision = 94.7%). CONCLUSION: Our method for automatic change detection in sparse-view repeat CT scans with non-rigid deformations may assist radiologists by highlighting the changed regions and may obviate the need for a high-quality repeat scan image when no changes are detected.
Conceptual Approaches to the Problem of national Security Concept
Authors: Загуменна Ю. О. 
Published: October 2021

A comprehensive theoretical and legal study of the transformation of ideas about the nature of national security reform in domestic jurisprudence has been carried out. The author has defined the priorities and directions of the reform in the field of national security and, more importantly, its theoretical and methodological basis.
It has been determined that the main object of the reform in the field of national security is the whole complex of public relations, which is subject to special protection by the system of entities of ensuring national security. The system of such social relations is centered around the defining national interests, which usually include the vital interests of a man, society and the state and the implementation of which ensures the state sovereignty, its progressive development, and safe living conditions and welfare of citizens.
It has been noted that the main purpose of national security reform is to improve legislation and governance in the national security sector, which can provide qualitative strengthening in accordance with current and future needs of society to protect key national interests from external and internal real and potential threats.
It has been concluded that national security is not considered in modern, both domestic and international science, exclusively as an “acquisition” and a sphere of monopoly responsibility of the state; we cannot eliminate the active participation of civil society structures, which should exercise public control over the course of such a reform and, if necessary, should have the tools of close communication with state authorities at the stage of initiating the reform, constructing its goals and objectives, directions and perspectives and at the stages of its implementation. Restriction of the capacity of the state, especially in times of economic crisis, highlights the need to optimize the participation of non-government actors in ensuring national security. Obviously, such activity of the non-governmental sector should be strongly encouraged by legislative instruments, legitimizing measures for national security reform through its close involvement and providing them with additional public support.
Regarding the Problem of Legislative Definition of Labor Legislation’s Competence, the Concept and Features of Labor Relations
Authors: Венедіктов В. С. , Мельник К. Ю. 
Published: October 2021

The authors have studied the norms of the draft Law of Ukraine “On Amending the Labor Code of Ukraine to Define the Concept of Labor Relations and Features of Their Existence” dated from February 9, 2021 No. 5054. The scholars’ points of view on understanding the competence of labor legislation, concepts and features of labor relations have been studied. The authors have determined the expediency of introducing the norms suggested by the draft Law for inclusion in the Labor Code of Ukraine in relation to the competence of labor legislation, concepts and features of labor relations. Recommendations for solving the identified problems have been formulated.
It has been offered to reflect the main features of labor relations in the concept of “labor relations” contained in Part 1 of the Art. 21 of the Labor Code of Ukraine provided by the draft Law, as well as to introduce a norm in the Art. 21-2 of the Labor Code of Ukraine of the following wording: “Work may be recognized as being performed within the employment relationship, if there are basic features of the employment relationship”.
The main features of labor relations are as follows: 1) personal nature. Personal performance of work by an employee on a specific qualification, profession, position; 2) paid nature. Systematic payment of the salary for the performed works by an employer to an employee; 3) the nature of subordination to an employer. Work is performed by an employee on behalf of, under the guidance and control of an employer.
The authors have suggested own definition of the term of “labor relations”, which is understood as a voluntary two-way communication between an employee and an employer, which involves personal performance of the work by an employee defined and paid by an employer under his guidance and control.
The authors have developed own edition of the Art. 3 of the Labor Code of Ukraine; and have improved the provisions of the draft Law of Ukraine “On Amending the Labor Code of Ukraine to Define the Concept of Labor Relations and Features of Their Existence”.
Diseño y análisis de escenarios a partir de la caracterización de las cadenas productivas mediante modelos de redes
Authors: Vergara-Schmalbach Juan Carlos , Amézquita-López Julio , Maza-Ávila Francisco Javier 
Published: October 2021

Mediante redes dinámicas, conlleva una descripción mucho más detallada de cada uno de los actores que intervienen en las cadenas, además de esbozar las relaciones entre los mismos a partir de variables de tipo cuantitativas, resultado de la esquematización de sus recursos compartidos. Este artículo es el derivado del macro proyecto efectuado por el Programa de Administración Industrial de la Universidad de Cartagena titulado “Caracterización de las cadenas hortofrutícolas en el departamento de Bolívar mediante un modelo de simulación de redes”, el cual se ha generalizado para su aplicación en cualquier tipo de cadena productiva, en colaboración con la secretaría de agricultura, la gobernación de Bolívar y Amezco S.A. consultores.Palabras Clave: Análisis dinámico, Producción, Capacidad, métodos de simulación.
Análisis crítico al sistema de indicadores de gestión para la educación pública en Colombia
Authors: Quesada-Ibargüen Victor Manuel , Blanco-Hernández Ingrid 
Published: October 2021

Las Instituciones de Educación Superior con financiamiento público, deben rendir cuentas al Estado Colombiano, acerca de su desempeño en la ejecución de la labor que les ha sido confiada. El medio propuesto ha sido el de los indicadores de gestión, para lo cual el Estado traza unos lineamientos generales que sirven de apoyo a decisiones gubernamentales sobre políticas en materia de educación superior, entre ellas la asignación presupuestal a las universidades. Tal como está planteado, los indicadores de gestión no obedecen a un sistema propiamente dicho, razón por la cual este artículo presenta un análisis crítico de los indicadores de gestión para la educación pública en Colombia, basado en el modelo de calidad propuesto por Arturo de la Orden Hoz, que integra el contexto, la eficiencia, la eficacia y la funcionalidad. Se concluye que los indicadores de gestión propuestos por el Estado colombiano para las universidades públicas no miden la eficacia institucional ni la pertinencia de la educación que se imparte; que son de corte netamente eficientista y el propósito fundamental de su aplicación es contar con unos elementos que guíen la toma de decisiones en materia de asignación de recursos financieros a las IES como también decidir sobre la viabilidad o inviabilidad de la permanencia de éstas en el desempeño de la función que le ha confiado el Estado.Palabras Clave: Calidad, Calidad de la educación, Evaluación, Gestión universitaria, Indicadores de Gestión.
Estrategias de enseñanza y tecnologías en publicaciones previas a la forzosa virtualización de la educación
Authors: Majul Sofía , De Seta Damián , Borgobello Ana 
Published: October 2021

Se realizó un análisis de la relación TIC-estrategias de enseñanza en escritos previos a la pandemia de Covid-19 dado que se la considera de suma relevancia en propiciar la construcción del aprendizaje. La muestra de 61 artículos se organizó en dos conjuntos de datos, por un lado, se agruparon los que hablaban de las claves de búsqueda de forma general, y, por otro, se agruparon aquellos que las abordaban en particular, es decir, especificaban una TIC y una estrategia. Los resultados destacan la necesidad de reforzar las estrategias de enseñanza con integración de TIC ya que se sostiene que su uso favorece el aprendizaje. A partir de la revisión bibliográfica se concluye que la incorporación de TIC en educación conlleva un trabajo de antelación que se habría visto ampliamente dificultado al inicio de la pandemia por la inmediatez del trabajo docente debido a la virtualización forzosa de la educación.
КОНЦЕПЦІЯ СПОРТИВНОГО ПРАВА: ОГЛЯД КЛЮЧОВИХ ТЕОРЕТИЧНИХ АСПЕКТІВ
Authors: Глущенко Н. В. , Стеблянко А. В. , Мурач Д. В. 
Published: October 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню концептуальних питань спортивного права, що дозволяють розглядати його як галузь, що має ознаки відносної самостійності та характеризується складністю норм. Проаналізовано вітчизняну нормативно-правову базу регулювання спортивних відносин. Зосереджено увагу на приналежності спортивного права до освітньої сфери, а саме зарубіжному та вітчизняному досвіді викладання дисципліни «Спортивне право» в закладах вищої освіти. Проаналізовано думки конкретних дослідників щодо недоцільності запровадження Спортивного кодексу України через нерозвинену на відповідному рівні систему норм цієї галузі та проблеми подальшої адаптації законодавства до таких змін.
Abnormalities of Resting-State Electroencephalographic Microstate in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Peng Anjiao , Wang Ruien , Huang Jiamin , Wu Haiyan , Chen Lei 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a disease characterized by dream enacting behavior and is now commonly believed to be a harbinger to alpha-synucleinopathy diseases such as dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, and multiple system atrophy. The aim of this study was to explore the quasi-stable topological structure of the brain in RBD by analyzing resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) microstates.Methods: We enrolled 22 participants with RBD and 46 healthy controls (HCs) with age and gender-matched. After the resting-state EEG recordings were acquired, EEG microstate features were analyzed to assess the functional networks of all participants.Results: Significant differences in the brain topological structure and temporal characteristics of sub-second brain activity were identified between the RBD and HCs. The RBD group had a shorter average duration of microstate A and microstate D when compared with HCs, and microstate B contributed more, while microstate D contributed significantly less to the RBD group. Furthermore, the average duration and proportion of microstate D were negatively correlated with the RBD questionnaire Hong Kong (RBDQ-HK) score.Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that the microstate dynamics is disturbed in RBD, which might jeopardize the flexibility and adaptability of the brain. Microstates are potential biomarkers to explore the early electrophysiological abnormality of alpha-synucleinopathy diseases.
Identifying Fragmented Reading and Evaluating Its Influence on Cognition Based on Single Trial Electroencephalogram
Authors: Feng Jingwen , Hu Bo , Sun Jingting , Zhang Junpeng , Wang Wen , Cui Guangbin 
Published: October 2021

Background: The use of social media daily could nurture a fragmented reading habit. However, little is known whether fragmented reading (FR) affects cognition and what are the underlying electroencephalogram (EEG) alterations it may lead to.Purpose: This study aimed to identify whether individuals have FR habits based on the single-trial EEG spectral features using machine learning (ML), as well as to find out the potential cognitive impairment induced by FR.Methods: Subjects were recruited through a questionnaire and divided into FR and noFR groups according to the time they spent on FR per day. Moreover, 64-channel EEG was acquired in Continuous Performance Task (CPT) and segmented into 0.5–1.5 s post-stimulus epochs under cue and background conditions. The sample sizes were as follows: FR in cue condition, 692 trials; noFR in cue condition, 688 trials; FR in background condition, 561 trials; noFR in background condition, 585 trials. For these single-trials, the relative power (RP) of six frequency bands [delta (1–3 Hz), theta (4–7 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz), beta1 (14–20 Hz), beta2 (21–29 Hz), lower gamma (30–40 Hz)] were extracted as features. After feature selection, the most important feature sets were fed into three ML models, namely Support-Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Naive Bayes to perform the identification of FR. RP of six frequency bands was also used as feature sets to conduct classification tasks.Results: The classification accuracy reached up to 96.52% in the SVM model under cue conditions. Specifically, among six frequency bands, the most important features were found in alpha and gamma bands. Gamma achieved the highest classification accuracy (86.69% for cue, 86.45% for background). In both conditions, alpha RP in central sites of FR was stronger than noFR (p &lt; 0.001). Gamma RP in the frontal site of FR was weaker than noFR in the background condition (p &lt; 0.001), while alpha RP in parieto-occipital sites of FR was stronger than noFR in the cue condition (p &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: Fragmented reading can be identified based on single-trial EEG evoked by CPT using ML, and the RP of alpha and gamma may reflect the impairment on attention and working memory by FR. FR might lead to cognitive impairment and is worth further exploration.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Radiofrequency Ablation Prolongs Survival for Ablatable Colorectal Liver Metastasis: A Propensity Score Matching Comparative Study
Authors: Chen Yizhen , Xu Youyao , Xu Linwei , Han Fang , Huang Yurun , Jiang Hang , Wu Jia , Zhang Yuhua 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundTypically, colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is not a candidate for hepatectomy. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) plays a critical role in unresectable CRLM patients. Nevertheless, high local tumor progression (LTP) and distant metastasis limit the development and further adoption and use of RFA. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been widely used in resectable CRLM and is recommended by the guidelines. There are no studies on whether NAC can improve the prognosis in ablatable CRLM patients. The present study aimed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of RFA plus NAC.MethodsThis retrospective cohort included CRLM patients from Zhejiang Cancer Hospital records, who received RFA from January 2009 to June 2020 and were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of NAC. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate the 3-year local tumor progression-free survival (LTPFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of the two groups. The propensity score matching was used to reduce bias when assessing survival. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to study the independent factors affecting LTPFS, PFS, and OS.ResultsA total of 149 CRLM patients (88 in the RFA alone group and 61 in the plus NAC group) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Post-RFA complications were 3.4% in the RFA alone group and 16.4% in the plus NAC group. The 3-year LTPFS, PFS, and OS of the RFA only group were 60.9%, 17.7%, and 46.2%, respectively. The 3-year LTPF, PFS, and OS of the plus NAC group were 84.9%, 46.0%, and 73.6%, respectively. In the 29 pairs of propensity score matching cohorts, the 3-year LTPFS, PFS, and OS in the plus NAC group were longer than those in the RFA group (P &lt; 0.05). NAC was an independent protective factor for LTPFS, PFS, and OS (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsFor ablatable CRLM patients, RFA plus NAC obtained a better prognosis than RFA alone. Based on the current results, the application of NAC before RFA may become the standard treatment.
The Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Dose Regimens of Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) Root Extract on Bone and Cartilage Turnover and Menopausal Symptoms
Authors: Bihlet Asger Reinstrup , Byrjalsen Inger , Andersen Jeppe Ragnar , Simonsen Simone Faurholt , Mundbjerg Kamilla , Helmer Betina , Riis Bente Juel , Karsdal Morten Asser , Christiansen Claus 
Published: October 2021

Background: Menopause is associated with detrimental changes in turnover of bone and cartilage and a variety of symptoms with negative impact on the quality of life. Naturally occurring isoflavones from Radix Pueraria lobata, Kudzu root, may possess chondroprotective and symptom-relieving properties, but efficacy and safety of dosing and dose frequencies required for pharmacological action is unclear.Purpose: This clinical trial evaluates the efficacy on bone and cartilage turnover, menopausal symptoms, and safety of five dose regimens of Kudzu root extract administered either once, twice or three times daily in women with at least mild menopausal symptoms.Materials and Methods: Fifty postmenopausal women were randomized equally into five different dose regimen groups of Kudzu root extract in a four-week, parallel group, open-label, single-center, exploratory study design. Biomarkers CTX-I and CTX-II reflecting bone and cartilage degradation, respectively, were assessed in blood samples and 24-h urine samples. Change from baseline in the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and subscales was evaluated. Safety endpoints were frequency of adverse events, changes in hematology and safety chemistry data, vital signs and electrocardiogram.Results: Fifty women (Age 54.2 years, SD: 2.9) were randomized. After 4 weeks of treatment, biomarkers of bone resorption and cartilage degradation were statistically significantly reduced from baseline levels in the group receiving two capsules three times a day, serum/urine CTX-I (−18.4%, 95% CI: −8.1 to −27.5, p = 0.001/−34.2%, 95% CI: −21.6 to −44.7, p &lt; 0.0001), urine CTX-II (−17.4% 95% CI: −2.5 to −30.0, p = 0.02). The observed effects were consistent across study groups but appeared to favour three times daily dosing. Four weeks of treatment led to statistically significant reductions in the MRS Total Score (p &lt; 0.0001–0.03) in four out of five treatment groups. Kudzu root extract was well tolerated in all dose regimens, and no serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion: The results indicate that Kudzu extract may possess beneficial effects on bone and cartilage health and may be a promising natural alternative to existing treatments for menopausal symptoms. Kudzu root extract was well tolerated for short-term treatment of mild to severe menopausal symptoms in women in all tested doses and dose frequencies.
Cardiovascular Responses to Simultaneous Diving and Muscle Metaboreflex Activation
Authors: Di Giacomo Annalisa , Ghiani Giovanna Maria , Todde Francesco , Tocco Filippo 
Published: October 2021

Background: The aim of study was to assess hemodynamic changes during the simultaneous activation of muscle metaboreflex (MM) and diving reflex (DR) in a laboratory setting. We hypothesized that as long as the exercise intensity is mild DR can overwhelm the MM.Methods: Ten trained divers underwent all four phases (randomly assigned) of the following protocol. (A) Postexercise muscle ischemia session (PEMI): 3 min of resting followed by 3 min of handgrip at 30% of maximum force, followed immediately by 3 min of PEMI on the same arm induced by inflating a sphygmomanometer. Three minutes of recovery was further allowed after the cuff was deflated for a total of 6 min of recovery. (B) Control exercise recovery session: the same rest-exercise protocol used for A followed by 6 min of recovery without inflation. (C) DR session: the same rest-exercise protocol used for A followed by 1 min of breath-hold (BH) with face immersion in cold water. (D) PEMI-DR session: the same protocol used for A with 60 s of BH with face immersion in cold water during the first minute of PEMI. Stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO) were collected by means of an impedance method.Results: At the end of apnea, HR was decreased in condition C and D with respect to A (−40.8 and −40.3%, respectively vs. −9.1%; p &lt; 0.05). Since SV increase was less pronounced at the same time point (C = +32.4 and D = +21.7% vs. A = +6.0; p &lt; 0.05), CO significantly decreased during C and D with respect to A (−23 and −29.0 vs. −1.4%, respectively; p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Results addressed the hypothesis that DR overcame the MM in our setting.
Marital communication and coping with stress among parents of children with ASD during the SARS CoV 2 pandemic
Authors: Gagat-Matuła Anna 
Published: October 2021

The article presents the correlation between marital communication and the coping styles of parents of a child with ASD during the SARS CoV-2 pandemic. The study involved 46 married mothers and 34 married fathers raising children with autism spectrum disorders. The following tools were used: The Marital Communication Questionnaire (KKM) by M. Plopa and M. Kazmierczak and the Polish version of the CISS Coping Questionnaire by Endler and Park. The results of the research showed that respondents more often prefer constructive coping with stress using the task focused style (SSZ) if a spouse assesses both themselves and their spouse as more supportive and engaged in communication and less depreciation. The respondents more often prefer non-constructive coping with stress using and the emotion-focused style (SSE) or the avoidance-focused style (SSU), if the spouse assesses both themselves and their spouse as depressed. The greater the difference between their own assessment and the assessment of their spouse in supportive communication, the more often the respondents prefer the style focused on emotions (SSE) and the style focused on avoidance (SSU). Moreover, the greater the difference between self-assessment and that of the spouse in depreciation communication, the less often the task-focused style (SSZ) was preferred. The results are statistically significant.