bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Security Risk Estimation and Management in Autonomous Driving Vehicles
Authors: Affia Abasi-amefon O. , Matulevičius Raimundas , Tõnisson Rando 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAutonomous vehicles (AV) are intelligent information systems that perceive, collect, generate and disseminate information to improve knowledge to act autonomously and provide its required services of mobility, safety, and comfort to humans. This paper combines the security risk management (ISSRM) and operationally critical threat, asset, and vulnerability evaluation (OCTAVE allegro) methods to define and assess the AV protected assets, security risks, and countermeasures.
Higher rank Clifford indices of curves on a K3 surface
Authors: Feyzbakhsh Soheyla , Li Chunyi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLet (X, H) be a polarized K3 surface with $$\mathrm {Pic}(X) = \mathbb {Z}H$$

Pic
(
X
)
=
Z
H

, and let $$C\in |H|$$

C
∈
|
H
|

be a smooth curve of genus g. We give an upper bound on the dimension of global sections of a semistable vector bundle on C. This allows us to compute the higher rank Clifford indices of C with high genus. In particular, when $$g\ge r^2\ge 4$$

g
≥

r
2

≥
4

, the rank r Clifford index of C can be computed by the restriction of Lazarsfeld–Mukai bundles on X corresponding to line bundles on the curve C. This is a generalization of the result by Green and Lazarsfeld for curves on K3 surfaces to higher rank vector bundles. We also apply the same method to the projective plane and show that the rank r Clifford index of a degree $$d(\ge 5)$$

d
(
≥
5
)

smooth plane curve is $$d-4$$

d
-
4

, which is the same as the Clifford index of the curve.
Developing and evaluating strategies to increase the material utilisation rate of hardwoods: a hybrid policy Delphi-SWOT analysis
Authors: Auer Veronika , Rauch Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe indigenous hardwoods in German forests have a substantial ability to store carbon, and forestry reconstruction measures are anticipated to result in an increase in availability of hardwood on the wood market. Despite this, its material usage is declining with over two thirds of the harvested quantity being used for energy production. This study aims to identify policy measures and promising strategies for increasing hardwood utilisation using a combined policy Delphi-SWOT approach with literature review undertaken to identify the barriers and driving factors for an increase in its material use. The results were then ranked by a panel of experts and used as basis for the SWOT analysis, which was then applied to an extended SWOT approach. The resulting strategies were then discussed by the panel and ranked further in the 2nd and 3rd Delphi round. After three Delphi rounds, three strategies and associated policy recommendations were ranked as most effective by the experts: innovative hardwood products including manufacturing processes, research transfer and lobbying. This study provides both strategic analyses and effective strategies to stimulate the production of hardwood-based products and ends with a concise description of these strategies and policy recommendations, which are benchmarked against current literature and best practise examples.
Comparison of the diagnostic yield of routine versus indicated flowmetry, ultrasound and cystoscopy in women with recurrent urinary tract infections
Authors: Pat Jorik J. , Steffens Martijn G. , Witte Lambertus P. W. , Marcelissen Tom A. T. , Blanker Marco H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
To quantify and compare the outcomes of routine vs. urologist-requested diagnostic testing for recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of patients with rUTI referred to a large non-academic teaching hospital between 2016 and 2018 (Hospital A) and a university hospital between 2014 and 2016 (Hospital B). Electronic medical records were reviewed for baseline and diagnostic data. Women underwent the following assessments routinely: urinalysis, voiding diary, flowmetry in Hospital A and urinalysis, voiding diary, flowmetry, ultrasound, abdominal x-ray and cystoscopy in Hospital B. All other diagnostics were performed by indication in each hospital.

Results
We included 295 women from Hospital A and 298 from Hospital B, among whom the mean age (57.6 years) and mean UTI frequency (5.6/year) were comparable, though more were postmenopausal in Hospital A. We identified abnormalities by flowmetry or post-void residual volumes in 134 patients (Hospital A: 79; Hospital B: 55), cystoscopy in 14 patients (Hospital A: 6; Hospital B: 8) and ultrasound in 42 patients (Hospital A: 16; Hospital B: 26), but these differences were not significant. Diagnostics altered treatment in 117 patients (e.g., pelvic floor muscle training, referral to another specialist, surgical intervention), mostly due to flowmetry and post-void residual volume measurement. The retrospective design and absence of follow-up data limit these results.

Conclusions
The routine use of cystoscopy and ultrasound in female patients with rUTIs should not be recommended as they yield few abnormalities and lead to additional costs.
The interaction of Akkermansia muciniphila with host-derived substances, bacteria and diets
Authors: Hagi Tatsuro , Belzer Clara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Trillions of microbes inhabit the human gut and build extremely complex communities. Gut microbes contribute to host metabolisms for better or worse and are widely studied and associated with health and disease. Akkermansia muciniphila is a gut microbiota member, which uses mucin as both carbon and nitrogen sources. Many studies on A. muciniphila have been conducted since this unique bacterium was first described in 2004. A. muciniphila can play an important role in our health because of its beneficial effects, such as improving type II diabetes and obesity and anti-inflammation. A. muciniphila establishes its position as a next-generation probiotic. Besides the effect of A. muciniphila on host health, a technique for boosting has been investigated. In this review, we show what factors can modulate the abundance of A. muciniphila focusing on the interaction with host-derived substances, other bacteria and diets. This review also refers to the possibility of the interaction between medicine and A. muciniphila; this will open up future treatment strategies that can increase A. muciniphila abundance in the gut.

Key points
• Host-derived substances such as bile, microRNA and melatonin as well as mucin have beneficial effects on A. muciniphila.
• Gut and probiotic bacteria and diet ingredients such as carbohydrates and phytochemicals could boost the abundance of A. muciniphila.
• Several medicines could affect the growth of A. muciniphila.
Deciphering the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in ALK- and EGFR-positive lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Budczies Jan , Kirchner Martina , Kluck Klaus , Kazdal Daniel , Glade Julia , Allgäuer Michael , Kriegsmann Mark , Heußel Claus-Peter , Herth Felix J. , Winter Hauke , Meister Michael , Muley Thomas , Goldmann Torsten , Fröhling Stefan , Wermke Martin , Waller Cornelius F. , Tufman Amanda , Reck Martin , Peters Solange , Schirmacher Peter , Thomas Michael , Christopoulos Petros , Stenzinger Albrecht 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe advent of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has led to significantly improved disease outcome in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), but response of ALK/EGFR-positive tumors to immune therapy is limited. The underlying immune biology is incompletely understood.MethodsWe performed comparative mRNA expression profiling of 31 ALK-positive, 40 EGFR-positive and 43 ALK/EGFR-negative lung ADC focused on immune gene expression. The presence and levels of tumor infiltration lymphocytes (TILs) as well as fourteen specific immune cell populations were estimated from the gene expression profiles.ResultsWhile total TILs were not lower in ALK-positive and EGFR-positive tumors compared to ALK/EGFR-negative tumors, specific immunosuppressive characteristics were detected in both subgroups: In ALK-positive tumors, regulatory T cells were significantly higher compared to EGFR-positive (fold change: FC = 1.9,p = 0.0013) and ALK/EGFR-negative tumors (FC = 2.1,p = 0.00047). In EGFR-positive tumors, cytotoxic cells were significantly lower compared to ALK-positive (FC =  − 1.7,p = 0.016) and to ALK/EGFR-negative tumors (FC =  − 2.1,p = 2.0E-05). A total number of 289 genes, 40 part of cytokine–cytokine receptor signaling, were differentially expressed between the three subgroups. Among the latter, five genes were differently expressed in both ALK-positive and EGFR-positive tumors, while twelve genes showed differential expression solely in ALK-positive tumors and eleven genes solely in EGFR-positive tumors.ConclusionTargeted gene expression profiling is a promising tool to read out tumor microenvironment characteristics from routine diagnostic lung cancer biopsies. Significant immune reactivity including specific immunosuppressive characteristics in ALK- and EGFR-positive lung ADC, but not a total absence of immune infiltration supports further clinical evaluation of immune-modulators as partners of ICB in such tumors.
The contact system in liver injury
Authors: Rangaswamy Chandini , Mailer Reiner K. , Englert Hanna , Konrath Sandra , Renné Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoagulation is controlled by a delicate balance of prothrombotic and antithrombotic mechanisms, to prevent both excessive blood loss from injured vessels and pathologic thrombosis. The liver plays a pivotal role in hemostasis through the synthesis of plasma coagulation factors and their inhibitors that, in addition to thrombosis and hemostasis, orchestrates an array of inflammatory responses. As a result, impaired liver function has been linked with both hypercoagulability and bleeding disorders due to a pathologic balance of pro- and anticoagulant plasma factors. At sites of vascular injury, thrombus propagation that finally may occlude the blood vessel depends on negatively charged biopolymers, such as polyphosphates and extracellular DNA, that provide a physiological surface for contact activation of coagulation factor XII (FXII). FXII initiates the contact system that drives both the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, and formation of the inflammatory mediator bradykinin by the kallikrein–kinin system. Moreover, FXII facilitates receptor-mediated signalling, thereby promoting mitogenic activities, angiogenesis, and neutrophil stimulation with implications for liver diseases. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the FXII-driven contact system in liver diseases and review therapeutic approaches to target its activities during impaired liver function.
Modeling elongational viscosity and brittle fracture of polystyrene solutions
Authors: Wagner Manfred H. , Narimissa Esmaeil , Poh Leslie , Shahid Taisir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElongational viscosity data of well-characterized solutions of 3–50% weight fraction of monodisperse polystyrene PS-820k (molar mass of 820,000 g/mol) dissolved in oligomeric styrene OS8.8 (molar mass of 8800 g/mol) as reported by André et al. (Macromolecules 54:2797–2810, 2021) are analyzed by the Extended Interchain Pressure (EIP) model including the effects of finite chain extensibility. Excellent agreement between experimental data and model predictions is obtained, based exclusively on the linear-viscoelastic characterization of the polymer solutions. The data were obtained by a filament stretching rheometer, and at high strain rates and lower polymer concentrations, the stretched filaments fail by rupture before reaching the steady-state elongational viscosity. Filament rupture is predicted by a criterion for brittle fracture of entangled polymer liquids, which assumes that fracture is caused by scission of primary C-C bonds of polymer chains when the strain energy reaches the bond-dissociation energy of the covalent bond (Wagner et al., J. Rheology 65:311–324, 2021).
Structure of Tau filaments in Prion protein amyloidoses
Authors: Hallinan Grace I. , Hoq Md Rejaul , Ghosh Manali , Vago Frank S. , Fernandez Anllely , Garringer Holly J. , Vidal Ruben , Jiang Wen , Ghetti Bernardino 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn human neurodegenerative diseases associated with the intracellular aggregation of Tau protein, the ordered cores of Tau filaments adopt distinct folds. Here, we analyze Tau filaments isolated from the brain of individuals affected by Prion-Protein cerebral amyloid angiopathy (PrP-CAA) with a nonsense mutation in the PRNP gene that leads to early termination of translation of PrP (Q160Ter or Q160X), and Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker (GSS) disease, with a missense mutation in the PRNP gene that leads to an amino acid substitution at residue 198 (F198S) of PrP. The clinical and neuropathologic phenotypes associated with these two mutations in PRNP are different; however, the neuropathologic analyses of these two genetic variants have consistently shown the presence of numerous neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) made of filamentous Tau aggregates in neurons. We report that Tau filaments in PrP-CAA (Q160X) and GSS (F198S) are composed of 3-repeat and 4-repeat Tau isoforms, having a striking similarity to NFTs in Alzheimer disease (AD). In PrP-CAA (Q160X), Tau filaments are made of both paired helical filaments (PHFs) and straight filaments (SFs), while in GSS (F198S), only PHFs were found. Mass spectrometry analyses of Tau filaments extracted from PrP-CAA (Q160X) and GSS (F198S) brains show the presence of post-translational modifications that are comparable to those seen in Tau aggregates from AD. Cryo-EM analysis reveals that the atomic models of the Tau filaments obtained from PrP-CAA (Q160X) and GSS (F198S) are identical to those of the Tau filaments from AD, and are therefore distinct from those of Pick disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and corticobasal degeneration. Our data support the hypothesis that in the presence of extracellular amyloid deposits and regardless of the primary amino acid sequence of the amyloid protein, similar molecular mechanisms are at play in the formation of identical Tau filaments.
Estimating the Reach of a Manifold via its Convexity Defect Function
Authors: Berenfeld Clément , Harvey John , Hoffmann Marc , Shankar Krishnan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe reach of a submanifold is a crucial regularity parameter for manifold learning and geometric inference from point clouds. This paper relates the reach of a submanifold to its convexity defect function. Using the stability properties of convexity defect functions, along with some new bounds and the recent submanifold estimator of Aamari and Levrard (Ann. Statist. 47(1), 177–204 (2019)), an estimator for the reach is given. A uniform expected loss bound over a $${\mathscr {C}}^k$$

C

k

model is found. Lower bounds for the minimax rate for estimating the reach over these models are also provided. The estimator almost achieves these rates in the $${\mathscr {C}}^3$$

C

3

and $${\mathscr {C}}^4$$

C

4

cases, with a gap given by a logarithmic factor.
Diagnostic accuracy of an interdisciplinary tertiary center evaluation in children referred for suspected congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract on fetal ultrasound - a retrospective outcome analysis
Authors: Schürch Barbara , Manegold-Brauer Gwendolin , Schönberger Heidrun , Büchel Johanna , Lapaire Olav , Butenschön Annkathrin , Huhn Evelyn A. , Huang Dorothy , Evers Katrina S. , Goischke Alexandra , Frech-Dörfler Martina , Rudin Christoph 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Fetal ultrasound organ screening has become a standard of care in most high-income countries. This has resulted in increased detection of congenital abnormalities, which may lead to major uncertainty and anxiety in expectant parents, even though many of them are of minor relevance. In order to optimize prenatal counselling, we introduced an interdisciplinary approach for all pregnant women referred to our center by private obstetricians for a co-assessment of suspected relevant fetal abnormalities of the kidney or urinary tract, involving both experienced prenatal ultrasound specialists and a pediatric nephrologist or urologist.

Methods
In a retrospective analysis, we evaluated reports of intrauterine evaluation and postnatal follow-up in order to assess accuracy of explicit intrauterine diagnoses and outcome of hydronephroses according to their severity in this setting.

Results
A total of 175 fetuses were examined between 2012 and 2019 and followed postnatally at our Pediatric Nephrology or Urology Department. There was a high concordance (85.9%) between explicit intrauterine and final diagnoses. Resolution rate of hydronephrosis was higher in patients with intrauterine low-grade than high-grade hydronephrosis (61.8% versus 11.9%). An etiological diagnosis was found in 62.5%, 52.0%, and 11.1% of patients with intrauterine bilateral high-grade, unilateral high-grade, and unilateral high-grade with contralateral low-grade hydronephrosis, respectively, but in none of the patients with intrauterine low-grade hydronephrosis.

Conclusions
The results of our study demonstrate that, through interdisciplinary teamwork, intrauterine assessment of the fetal kidneys and urinary tract is highly accurate and allows a good discrimination between relevant and transient/physiological hydronephroses.

Graphical abstract
Returning to dialysis after kidney allograft failure: the experience of the Italian Registry of Paediatric Chronic Dialysis
Authors: La Porta Edoardo , Conversano Ester , Zugna Daniela , Camilla Roberta , Labbadia Raffaella , Paglialonga Fabio , Parolin Mattia , Vidal Enrico , Verrina Enrico ,   on behalf of the Italian Registry of Paediatric Chronic Dialysis
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The need for dialysis after kidney allograft failure (DAGF) is among the top five reasons for dialysis initiation, making this an important topic in clinical nephrology. However, data are scarce on dialysis choice after transplantation and clinical outcomes for DAGF in children.

Methods
Patients receiving chronic dialysis < 18 years were recorded from January 1991 to January 2019 by the Italian Registry of Pediatric Chronic Dialysis (IRPCD). We investigated factors influencing choice of dialysis modality, patient outcome in terms of mortality, switching dialysis modality, and kidney transplantation.

Results
Among 118 patients receiving DAGF, 41 (35%) were treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD), and 77 (65%) with haemodialysis (HD). Significant predictors for treatment with PD were younger age at dialysis start (OR 0.85 per year increase [95%CI 0.72–1.00]) and PD use before kidney transplantation (OR 8.20 [95%CI 1.82–37.01]). Patients entering DAGF in more recent eras (OR 0.87 per year increase [95%CI 0.80–0.94]) and with more than one dialysis modality before kidney transplantation (OR 0.56 for being treated with PD [0.12–2.59]) were more likely to be initiated on HD. As compared to patients on HD, those treated with PD exhibited increased but non-significant mortality risk (HR 2.15 [95%CI 0.54–8.6]; p = 0.28) and higher prevalence of dialysis-related complications during DAGF (p = 0.002)

Conclusions
Patients entering DAGF in more recent years are more likely to be initiated on HD. In this specific population of children, use of PD seems associated with a more complicated course.

Graphical abstract

A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information
A unified framework for robust modelling of financial markets in discrete time
Authors: Obłój Jan , Wiesel Johannes 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe unify and establish equivalence between the pathwise and the quasi-sure approaches to robust modelling of financial markets in finite discrete time. In particular, we prove a fundamental theorem of asset pricing and a superhedging theorem which encompass the formulations of Bouchard and Nutz [12] and Burzoni et al. [13]. In bringing the two streams of literature together, we examine and compare their many different notions of arbitrage. We also clarify the relation between robust and classical ℙ-specific results. Furthermore, we prove when a superhedging property with respect to the set of martingale measures supported on a set $\Omega $
Ω
of paths may be extended to a pathwise superhedging on $\Omega $
Ω
without changing the superhedging price.
Root canal pre-treatment and adhesive system affect bond strength durability of fiber posts ex vivo
Authors: Kosan Esra , Prates-Soares Ana , Blunck Uwe , Neumann Konrad , Bitter Kerstin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the effect of different pre-treatments on the long-term bond strength of fiberglass posts luted either with dual-curing self-etch adhesives and core build-up composites or with a self-adhesive resin (SAR) cement.

Materials and methods
In total, 180 human root-filled teeth received post-space preparations and three different dentin pre-treatments (PTs): PT1, ethanol (99%); PT2, ethanol-tertiary-butanol-water-solution (AH Plus Cleaner, Dentsply Sirona; York, USA); and PT3, distilled water (control). Five luting systems were used: FU, Futurabond U (Voco; Cuxhaven, Germany); CL, Clearfil DC Bond (Kuraray Noritake; Okayama, Japan); GR, Gradia Core SE Bond (GC Europe NV; Leuven, Belgium); LU, LuxaBond Universal (DMG; Hamburg, Germany); and RX, RelyX Unicem 2 (3M; Minnesota, USA). Roots were cut into six slices (1 mm thick). From each root canal region, three slices were submitted to immediate and three to post-storage push-out testing. The latter were subjected to thermocycling (5–55°C, 6.000 cycles) and stored for six months in saline solution (0.9%, 37°C). Data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA and chi-square tests (MV±SD).

Results
Bond strength was significantly affected by material (p<0.0005), pre-treatment (p=0.016), and storage (p<0.0005; repeated-measures ANOVA). LU (18.8±8.1MPa) revealed significantly higher bond strength than RX (16.08±6.4MPa), GR (15.1±4.6MPa), CL (13.95±5.2MPa), and FU (13.7±6.3MPa). PT1 (16.5±6.9MPa) revealed significantly higher bond strength than PT3 (14.5±5.7MPa).

Conclusions
A universal adhesive in self-etch mode combined with a core build-up material revealed higher bond strength than a SAR cement, both interacted positively with Ethanol pre-treatment.

Clinical relevance statement
Ethanol (99%) rinsing can be recommended as part of post and core pre-treatment for the investigated luting systems.
Using discrete choice experiments to explore how bioecological attributes of sites drive birders’ preferences and willingness to travel
Authors: De Salvo Maria , Cucuzza Giuseppe , Signorello Giovanni 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA study based on discrete choice experiments is conducted to investigate how bioecological attributes of birding sites enter the utility functions of specialized birders and affect their travel intentions. Estimates are based on generalized multinomial and scales-adjusted latent class models. We find that the probability of observing a rare or a new bird species, and the numerosity of species significantly affect birders’ choice destination. We also find that individual preferences among attributes are correlated and affected by scale and taste heterogeneity. We identify two latent classes of birders. In the first class fall birders attaching a strong interest in qualitative aspects of sites and low importance on distance from home. Class 2 groups birders addicted both on all qualitative and quantitative bioecological attributes of sites as well as on the distance. In general, we assess that the majority of birders prefer to travel short distances, also when the goal is viewing rare or new birds. Finally, we estimate marginal welfare changes in biological attributes of sites in terms of willingness to travel.