bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An innovative network based on double receptive field and Recursive Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory
Authors: Meng Pengfei , Jia Shuangcheng , Li Qian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSequence recognition of natural scene images has always been an important research topic in the field of computer vision. CRNN has been proven to be a popular end-to-end character sequence recognition network. However, the problem of wide characters is not considered under the setting of CRNN. The CRNN is less effective in recognizing long dense small characters. Aiming at the shortcomings of CRNN, we proposed an improved CRNN network, named CRNN-RES, based on BiLSTM and multiple receptive fields. Specifically, on the one hand, the CRNN-RES uses a dual pooling core to enhance the CNN network’s ability to extract features. On the other hand, by improving the last RNN layer, the BiLSTM is changed to a shared parameter BiLSTM network using recursive residuals, which reduces the number of network parameters and improves the accuracy. In addition, we designed a structure that can flexibly configure the length of the input data sequence in the RNN layer, called the CRFC layer. Comparing the CRNN-RES network proposed in this paper with the original CRNN network, the extensive experiments show that when recognizing English characters and numbers, the parameters of CRNN-RES is 8197549, which decreased 133,752 parameters compare with CRNN. In the public dataset ICDAR 2003 (IC03), ICDAR 2013 (IC13), IIIT 5k-word (IIIT5k), and Street View Text (SVT), the CRNN-RES obtain the accuracy of 96.90%, 89.85%, 83.63%, and 82.96%, which higher than CRNN by 1.40%, 3.15%, 5.43%, and 2.16% respectively.
Help-seeking behavior of individuals with schizophrenia in the general population of Hunan, China
Authors: Hu Jiawen , Zheng Qiongjuan , Zhang Yun , Liu Chunyu , Tian Xuefei , Liu Xuejun , Wang Dongxin , Ma Jing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aims to know the seeking help behavior of individuals with SZ (Schizophrenia) in Hunan province of China. Individuals (age > 15) with schizophrenia were recruited in the study after a two-stage diagnosis procedure (including questionnaire screening and face-to-face SCID interview by psychiatrists) in Hunan province. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate their help-seeking behavior. (1) Of the 367 participants, 68.9% (253/367) sought help; of those, 64.6% (n = 163) pursued professional psychiatric services and 30.8% (n = 78) pursued non-medical options (i.e., relatives, praying to Buddha) as the most common first choices. (2) Family history of mental disorders is significantly related to whether or not the individual with SZ seeks help, and the first choice of help is significantly related to education level. (P < 0.05). (3) Frequent reasons behind not seeking help include fear of stigmatization (72.9%), poor mental health literacy (64.5%), concerns over cost (50.6%), and limited access to medical services (47.0%). About one-third of the individuals do not seek help. Individuals with SZ tend to choose psychiatric hospitals and relatives as their first choice. Among the factors we investigated, family history of mental disorders is the most influential factor associated with help-seeking behavior. Individuals with more education tend to seek professional help first. The primary reasons for not seeking help include fear of stigmatization, lack of awareness about mental illness, concerns over cost, etc.
Housing and personality effects on judgement and attention biases in dairy cows
Authors: Kremer Louise , Bus Jacinta D. , Webb Laura E. , Bokkers Eddie A. M. , Engel Bas , van der Werf Jozef T. N. , Schnabel Sabine K. , van Reenen Cornelis G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAffective states can be inferred from responses to ambiguous and threatening stimuli, using Judgement Bias Tasks (JBTs) and Attention Bias Tasks (ABTs). We investigated the separate and interactive effects of personality and housing conditions on dairy cattle affective states. We assessed personality in 48 heifers using Open-Field, Novel-Object and Runway tests. Personality effects on responses to the JBT and to the ABT were examined when heifers were housed under reference conditions. Heifers were subsequently housed under positive or negative conditions, and housing effects on animal responses in both tasks were investigated while controlling for personality. A Principal Component Analysis revealed three personality traits labelled Activity, Fearfulness and Sociability. Under reference conditions, personality influenced heifers’ responses to the JBT and to the ABT, therefore questioning the tasks’ generalizability across individuals. Against expectations, housing did not influence responses to the JBT and heifers in the negative conditions looked at the threat later than heifers in the positive or reference conditions. More research is warranted to confirm the validity and the repeatability of the JBT and of the ABT as appropriate measures of affective states in dairy cows.
Urbanization favors the proliferation of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus in urban areas of Miami-Dade County, Florida
Authors: Wilke André B. B. , Vasquez Chalmers , Carvajal Augusto , Moreno Maday , Fuller Douglas O. , Cardenas Gabriel , Petrie William D. , Beier John C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUrbanization processes are increasing globally. Anthropogenic alterations in the environment have profound effects on biodiversity. Decreased biodiversity due to biotic homogenization processes as a consequence of urbanization often result in increased levels of mosquito vector species and vector-borne pathogen transmission. Understanding how anthropogenic alterations in the environment will affect the abundance, richness, and composition of vector mosquito species is crucial for the implementation of effective and targeted mosquito control strategies. We hypothesized that anthropogenic alterations in the environment are responsible for increasing the abundance of mosquito species that are adapted to urban environments such asAedesaegyptiandCulexquinquefasciatus. Therefore, our objective was to survey mosquito relative abundance, richness, and community composition in Miami-Dade County, Florida, in areas with different levels of urbanization. We selected 24 areas, 16 remote areas comprised of natural and rural areas, and 8 urban areas comprised of residential and touristic areas in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Mosquitoes were collected weekly in each area for 24 h for 5 consecutive weeks from August to October 2020 using BG-Sentinel traps baited with dry ice. A total of 36,645 mosquitoes were collected, from which 34,048 were collected in the remote areas and 2,597 in the urban areas. Our results show a clear and well-defined pattern of abundance, richness, and community composition according to anthropogenic modifications in land use and land cover. The more urbanized a given area the fewer species were found and those were primary vectors of arboviruses,Ae.aegyptiandCx.quinquefasciatus.
Observing the climate impact of large wildfires on stratospheric temperature
Authors: Stocker Matthias , Ladstädter Florian , Steiner Andrea K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWildfires are expected to become more frequent and intense in the future. They not only pose a serious threat to humans and ecosystems, but also affect Earth’s atmosphere. Wildfire plumes can reach into the stratosphere, but little is known about their climate impact. Here, we reveal observational evidence that major wildfires can have a severe impact on the atmospheric temperature structure and short-term climate in the stratosphere. Using advanced satellite observation, we find substantial warming of up to 10 K of the lower stratosphere within the wildfire plumes during their early development. The short-term climate signal in the lower stratosphere lasts several months and amounts to 1 K for the Northern American wildfires in 2017, and up to striking 3.5 K for the Australian wildfires in 2020. This is stronger than any signal from recent volcanic eruptions. Such extreme events affect atmospheric composition and climate trends, underpinning their importance for future climate.
Environmental optima for an ecosystem engineer: a multidisciplinary trait-based approach
Authors: Curd Amelia , Boyé Aurélien , Cordier Céline , Pernet Fabrice , Firth Louise B. , Bush Laura E. , Davies Andrew J. , Lima Fernando P. , Meneghesso Claudia , Quéré Claudie , Seabra Rui , Vasquez Mickaël , Dubois Stanislas F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA complex interplay of biotic and abiotic factors underpins the distribution of species and operates across different levels of biological organization and life history stages. Understanding ecosystem engineer reproductive traits is critical for comprehending and managing the biodiversity-rich habitats they create. Little is known about how the reproduction of the reef-forming worm,Sabellaria alveolata, varies across environmental gradients. By integrating broad-scale environmental data with in-situ physiological data in the form of biochemical traits, we identified and ranked the drivers of intraspecific reproductive trait variability (ITV). ITV was highest in locations with variable environmental conditions, subjected to fluctuating temperature and hydrodynamic conditions. Our trait selection pointed to poleward sites being the most physiologically stressful, with low numbers of irregularly shaped eggs suggesting potentially reduced reproductive success. Centre-range individuals allocated the most energy to reproduction, with the highest number of intermediate-sized eggs, whilst equatorward sites were the least physiologically stressful, thus confirming the warm-adapted nature of our model organism. Variation in total egg diameter and relative fecundity were influenced by a combination of environmental conditions, which changed depending on the trait and sampling period. An integrated approach involving biochemical and reproductive traits is essential for understanding macro-scale patterns in the face of anthropogenic-induced climate change across environmental and latitudinal gradients.
Two divergent haplogroups of a sacsin-like gene in Acropora corals
Authors: Takahashi-Kariyazono Shiho , Terai Yohey 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReef-building corals are declining due to environmental changes. Sacsin is a member of the heat shock proteins and has been reported as a candidate protein associated with the stress response inAcroporacorals. Recently, high nucleotide diversity and the persistence of two divergent haplogroups of sacsin-like genes inAcropora milleporahave been reported. While it was not clear when the two haplogroups have split and whether the haplogroups have persisted in onlyA. milleporaor the other lineages in the genusAcropora. In this study, we analyzed a genomic region containing a sacsin-like gene fromAcroporaandMontiporaspecies. Higher nucleotide diversity in the sacsin-like gene compared with that of surrounding regions was also observed inA. digitifera. This nucleotide diversity is derived from two divergent haplogroups of a sacsin-like gene, which are present in at least threeAcroporaspecies. The origin of these two haplogroups can be traced back before the divergence ofAcroporaandMontipora(119 Ma). Although the link between exceptionally high genetic variation in sacsin-like genes and functional differences in sacsin-like proteins is not clear, the divergent haplogroups may respond differently to envionmental stressors and serve in the adaptive phsiological ecology of these keystone species.
Quantum superposition of thermodynamic evolutions with opposing time’s arrows
Authors: Rubino Giulia , Manzano Gonzalo , Brukner Časlav 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicroscopic physical laws are time-symmetric, hence, a priori there exists no preferential temporal direction. However, the second law of thermodynamics allows one to associate the “forward” temporal direction to a positive variation of the total entropy produced in a thermodynamic process, and a negative variation with its “time-reversal” counterpart. This definition of a temporal axis is normally considered to apply in both classical and quantum contexts. Yet, quantum physics admits also superpositions between forward and time-reversal processes, whereby the thermodynamic arrow of time becomes quantum-mechanically undefined. In this work, we demonstrate that a definite thermodynamic time’s arrow can be restored by a quantum measurement of entropy production, which effectively projects such superpositions onto the forward (time-reversal) time-direction when large positive (negative) values are measured. Finally, for small values (of the order of plus or minus one), the amplitudes of forward and time-reversal processes can interfere, giving rise to entropy-production distributions featuring a more or less reversible process than either of the two components individually, or any classical mixture thereof.
Security Analysis in Multicasting over Shadowed Rician and α−μ Fading Channels: A Dual‐hop Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Relaying Network
Authors: Sumona Abida Sultana , Kundu Milton Kumar , Badrudduza A. S. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this era of 5G technology, the ever‐increasing demands for high data rates lead researchers to develop hybrid satellite‐terrestrial (HST) networks as a substitution to the conventional cellular terrestrial systems. Since an HST network suffers from a masking effect which can be mitigated by adopting the terrestrial relaying strategy, in this work, wireless multicasting is focused on through an HST relaying network (HSTRN) in which a satellite sends messages to multiple terrestrial nodes via multiple relays under the wiretapping efforts of multiple eavesdroppers. The concern is to protect the multicast messages from being eavesdropped taking advantage of the well‐known opportunistic relaying technique. It is considered that the satellite links follow Shadowed Rician fading whereas the terrestrial links undergo fading. The secrecy performance of the proposed HSTRN model is accomplished by deriving expressions for the probability of nonzero secrecy multicast capacity, ergodic secrecy multicast capacity, and secure outage probability for multicasting in closed‐form. Capitalizing on the derived expressions, the authors analyze how a perfect secrecy level can be preserved in spite of harsh channel conditions and also present a secrecy trade‐off in terms of the number of relays, multicast users, and multiple eavesdroppers. Finally, the numerical analyses are corroborated via Monte‐Carlo simulations.
Hydrogen evolution and electromigration in the corrosion of aluminium metal sheath inside high‐voltage cables
Authors: Chen Yidong , Zhou Kai , Kong Jiamin , Akram Shakeel , Ren Xiancheng , Zhang Xiaoshan , Li Yuan , Zhao Qi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe urgent need for power transmission is the reason for leading research on the safer operation of high‐voltage cables. These high‐voltage cables are emerging as an efficient technology for underground power transmission. However, the electrochemical corrosion of aluminium (Al) metal sheaths in these cables is a common and challenging degradation process. Herein, the corrosion mechanisms and electrochemical analysis are investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and laboratory‐designed electrochemical characterisation techniques. In the corrosion experiments, the authors evaluated the corrosion rate by measuring the release rate of hydrogen gas and explored the different roles of sodium polyacrylate (NaPA) during the corrosion process. It is found that the complexation reactions between NaPA and Al inhibited corrosion while increased the resistance of the buffer layer. The proposed mechanisms of corrosion in this study can improve the lifespan and sustainability of high‐voltage power transmission.
Adaptive dynamic multi‐hop technique for clustering protocol in wireless sensor networks assisted‐Internet of Things applications
Authors: Nasri Mohsen , Lamiri Ahmed , Maaref Hassen , Mghaieth Ridha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent technological advancements in wireless communication technologies and networking have enabled the Internet of Things (IoT) systems’ designing. Since the wireless sensor networks refer to networks of embedded IoT devices to provide sensing services with limited energy and storage resources, the energy consumption is an important requirement for communication in IoT applications. Clustering algorithms have been investigated as a technique for energy conservation in networks with scarce resources. The appropriate cluster head balances the load in the network, lowering energy consumption and extending the network lifetime. An energy‐saving solution is proposed based on an effective cluster head selection method that assigns cluster heads to nodes based on which have the highest energy level. The proposed algorithm is called Adaptive Dynamic Multi‐Hop‐Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (ADMH‐LEACH). The proposed algorithm is intended for IoT applications in the oil and gas (O&G) industry. The deployment of the adopted algorithm leads to improved field communication, lower maintenance costs, real‐time monitoring, digital oil field infrastructure, lower power consumption, increased asset safety and protection, and thus increased productivity. The ADMH‐LEACH is based on a variety of variables, including initial energy, residual energy, and energy consumed per round, in order to meet quality‐of‐service constraints by following service level agreements for O&G IoT applications. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves network reliability, network lifetime, and load balance significantly in comparison to current algorithms.
Grid‐forming requirements based on stability assessment for 100% converter‐based Irish power system
Authors: Zhao Xianxian , Thakurta Priyanko Guha , Flynn Damian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe fault response of a 100% converter‐based system can be significantly different to that of a synchronous generator‐based system, considering the lower capacity headroom, but flexible control capability, of power electronic converters. The system response is investigated for an Irish grid under balanced three‐phase faults comprising of 100% converter‐based generation: grid‐forming (GF) and grid‐following (GL). Electro‐magnetic transient (EMT) simulations show that a system consisting only of GF converters (all droop control, all dispatchable virtual oscillator control, or a mix of both) is robust against three‐phase faults, with little variation in performance, despite the fault location or choice of GF control methods. However, the rating and location of GF converters are critical to operating the grid securely in the presence of both GF and GL converters. Assuming that individual converter bus nodes are either GF or GL, a minimum GF requirement (by capacity) is found to be 37–40%, with these GF converters located close to the major load centres. Assuming instead that individual generation nodes consist of a mix of GF and GL converters, it is found that the GF requirement can be relaxed by 8–10%.
Wavelet‐attention‐based traffic prediction for smart cities
Authors: Nasser Aram , Simon Vilmos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTraffic congestion is a problem facing today's world, especially in smart cities where the economy is booming. Solving this issue by upgrading the traffic infrastructure of the city might be very cost‐inefficient as well as time‐consuming. With the help of recent technologies, traffic can be predicted to give the authorities the time to react before congestion evolves. As traffic is affected by several external factors, such as weather and anomalies (accidents, not expected road closures etc.), understanding the relationship between traffic and these factors can improve the prediction even further. In this study, a new method, the weather‐based traffic analysis (hereafter WBTA), is utilised to investigate the temporal correlations between the traffic flow and the exogenous weather factors at different frequencies and time intervals. In addition, a novel method, the wavelet‐attention‐based calculation (hereafter WABC) is introduced to help to understand the importance of each external factor, compared with the others. Five weather factors (temperature, wind speed, rain, visibility, and humidity) are analysed, weighted, and merged with each other as one auxiliary input to improve traffic prediction accuracy. Based on that, the wavelet‐attention‐based prediction model is introduced, where the mean squared error is reduced by 32.3% and 24.52% for one future time step prediction, and 14.9% and 18.22% for five, compared with using the traffic time series alone, and with external factors without weights, respectively.
Waiting times between gamma-ray flares of flat spectrum radio quasars, and constraints on emission processes
Authors: Pacciani L. 
Published: November 2021

Context.The physical scenario responsible for gamma-ray flaring activity and its location for flat spectrum radio quasars is still debated.Aims.The study of the statistical distribution of waiting times between flares, defined as the time intervals between consecutive activity peaks, can give information on the distribution of flaring times and constrain the physical mechanism responsible for gamma-ray emission.Methods.We adopt here a scan statistic-driven clustering method (iSRS) to recognize flaring states within theFermi-LAT archival data, and identify the time of activity peaks.Results.We obtained that waiting times between flares can be described with a Poissonian process, consisting of a set of overlapping bursts of flares, with an average burst duration of ∼0.6 year and average rate of ∼1.3 y−1. For short waiting times (below 1 d host-frame) we found a statistically relevant second population, the fast component, consisting of a few tens of cases, most of them revealed for CTA 102. Interestingly, the period of conspicuous detection of the fast component of waiting times for CTA 102 coincides with the reported crossing time of the superluminal K1 feature with the C1 stationary feature in radio.Conclusions.To reconcile the recollimation shock scenario with the bursting activity, we have to assume that plasma streams with a typical length of ∼2 pc (in the stream reference frame) reach the recollimation shock. Otherwise, the distribution of waiting times can be interpreted as originating from relativistic plasma moving along the jet for a deprojected length of ∼30−50 pc (assuming a bulk Γ = 10) that sporadically produces gamma-ray flares. In the magnetic reconnection scenario, reconnection events or plasma injection to the reconnection sites should be intermittent. Individual plasmoids can be resolved in a few favourable cases only, and could be responsible for the fast component.