bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Definition und Darstellung der verschiedenen Typen des Nasenzyklus mittels Langzeitrhinometrie
Authors: Reins E. F. , Weindel C. , Hoffmann T. K. , Sommer F. , Stupp F. , Halbig A.-S. , Lindemann J. 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Als „klassischer Nasenzyklus“ gilt ein streng wechselseitiges An- und Abschwellen der Mukosa der linken und rechten Nasenseite. Erfahrungen aus dem klinischen Alltag und Berichte in der Literatur lassen jedoch auf ein komplexeres Bild schließen. Die Erkenntnisse über den Nasenzyklus beruhten bisher auf Einzelmessungen. Die Langzeitrhinometrie (LRM) ermöglicht nun erstmals eine kontinuierliche Untersuchung des nasalen Luftflusses. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war daher die Evaluation des Nasenzyklus mit der LRM in einem nasengesunden Probandenkollektiv über 24 h.

Methodik
Bei 55 rhinologisch gesunden Probanden wurde eine LRM mit dem tragbaren Messsystem Rhino-Move© (Happersberger Otopront, Hohenstein) über 24 h durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Neben der erwarteten streng wechselseitigen Schwellung der Mukosa im Sinne des „klassischen Nasenzyklus“ zeigten sich weitere wiederkehrende Zyklustypen: der „in-concert“ Typ mit simultaner Fluktuation des Luftstromes auf beiden Nasenseiten, der „einseitige Typ“ mit An- und Abschwellen der Schleimhaut auf nur einer Nasenseite und der „non-cycle“ Typ ohne darstellbare Veränderung des Luftstromes auf beiden Seiten. Die meisten Probanden zeigten innerhalb der 24 h eine Kombination verschiedener Zyklustypen („gemischter Typ“), die sich häufig bei Tag und Nacht unterschieden.

Diskussion
Unsere Untersuchung bestätigt die Vermutung, dass der Nasenzyklus gemessen über 24 h wesentlich komplexer ist als in der Literatur beschrieben. Die meisten Probanden zeigen mehrere der hier beschriebenen 5 Zyklustypen. Die LRM hat sich dabei als leicht zu bedienende und zuverlässige Messmethode erwiesen. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Zyklustyp und körperlicher Aktivität sowie anderen Faktoren bleibt zu erforschen.
Families of monotone Lagrangians in Brieskorn–Pham hypersurfaces
Authors: Keating Ailsa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present techniques, inspired by monodromy considerations, for constructing compact monotone Lagrangians in certain affine hypersurfaces, chiefly of Brieskorn–Pham type. We focus on dimensions 2 and 3, though the constructions generalise to higher ones. The techniques give significant latitude in controlling the homology class, Maslov class and monotonicity constant of the Lagrangian, and a range of possible diffeomorphism types; they are also explicit enough to be amenable to calculations of pseudo-holomorphic curve invariants. Applications include infinite families of monotone Lagrangian $$S^1 \times \Sigma _g$$

S
1

×

Σ
g

in $${\mathbb {C}}^3$$

C

3

, distinguished by soft invariants for any genus $$g \ge 2$$

g
≥
2

; and, for fixed soft invariants, a range of infinite families of Lagrangians in Brieskorn–Pham hypersurfaces. These are generally distinct up to Hamiltonian isotopy. In specific cases, we also set up well-defined counts of Maslov zero holomorphic annuli, which distinguish the Lagrangians up to compactly supported symplectomorphisms. Inter alia, these give families of exact monotone Lagrangian tori which are related neither by geometric mutation nor by compactly supported symplectomorphisms.
Homeostatic alterations related to total antioxidant capacity, elemental concentrations and isotopic compositions in aqueous humor of glaucoma patients
Authors: Aranaz Marta , Costas-Rodríguez Marta , Lobo Lara , García Montserrat , González-Iglesias Héctor , Pereiro Rosario , Vanhaecke Frank 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlaucoma is a multifactorial eye disease, characterized by progressive optic neurodegeneration. Elevation of the intraocular pressure is the main risk factor for glaucoma and is a consequence of an imbalance in the aqueous humor hydrodynamics, the physiology of which is influenced by the homeostatic equilibrium of essential elements, oxidative stress, and antioxidants. The aim of this work was to study local alterations in glaucomatous patients from two different, but connected, points of view: (i) the total antioxidant capacity (as an indicator of oxidative damage) and (ii) the concentration of mineral elements and their isotopic composition. Such objective was pursued using aqueous humor from patients diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG, n = 17) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG, n = 5) and age-matched control subjects (n = 16). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was examined in both aqueous humor and 60 serum samples (n = 20 controls, n = 20 for PEXG, and n = 20 for POAG), both showing higher TAC for the glaucoma population. The concentrations of the essential mineral elements (Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, P, and Zn) and the isotopic compositions of Cu and Zn were determined in aqueous humor using single-collector and multi-collector inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, respectively. Significant differences were established for Mg and P levels when comparing the results for glaucomatous patients with those for the control population (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 for Mg and P respectively, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis). The Zn isotopic composition was significantly shifted from that for the control population for PEXG patients. A significant difference in the isotopic composition of Zn was also established between the PEXG and POAG glaucoma cohorts.Graphical abstract
Functional and morphological changes in hypoplasic posterior fossa
Authors: Bianchi Federico , Benato Alberto , Frassanito Paolo , Tamburrini Gianpiero , Massimi Luca 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The knowledge of the development and the anatomy of the posterior cranial fossa (PCF) is crucial to define the occurrence and the prognosis of diseases where the surface and/or the volume of PCF is reduced, as several forms of craniosynostosis or Chiari type I malformation (CIM). To understand the functional and morphological changes resulting from such a hypoplasia is mandatory for their correct management. The purpose of this article is to review the pertinent literature to provide an update on this topic.

Methods
The related and most recent literature addressing the issue of the changes in hypoplasic PCF has been reviewed with particular interest in the studies focusing on the PCF characteristics in craniosynostosis, CIM, and achondroplasia.

Results and conclusions
In craniosynostoses, namely, the syndromic ones, PCF shows different degrees of hypoplasia, according to the different pattern and timing of early suture fusion. Several factors concur to PCF hypoplasia and contribute to the resulting problems (CIM, hydrocephalus), as the fusion of the major and minor sutures of the lambdoid arch, the involvement of the basal synchondroses, and the occlusion of the jugular foramina. The combination of these factors explains the variety of the clinical and radiological phenotypes. In primary CIM, the matter is complicated by the evidence that, in spite of impaired PCF 2D measurements and theories on the mesodermal defect, the PCF volumetry is often comparable to healthy subjects. CIM is revealed by the overcrowding of the foramen magnum that is the result of a cranio-cerebral disproportion (altered PCF brain volume/PCF total volume). Sometimes, this disproportion is evident and can be demonstrated (basilar invagination, real PCF hypoplasia); sometimes, it is not. Some recent genetic observations would suggest that CIM is the result of an excessive growth of the neural tissue rather than a reduced growth of PCF bones. Finally, in achondroplasia, both macrocephaly and reduced 2D and 3D values of PCF occur. Some aspects of this disease remain partially obscure, as the rare incidence of hydrocephalus and syringomyelia and the common occurrence of asymptomatic upper cervical spinal cord damage. On the other hand, the low rate of CIM could be explained on the basis of the reduced area of the foramen magnum, which would prevent the hindbrain herniation.
Denture-related problems of patients in acute geriatric care
Authors: Nitschke Ina , Frank Frederick , Müller-Werdan Ursula , Eckardt-Felmberg Rahel , Stillhart Angela 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
With increasing frailty and complaint-oriented utilization of dental care, the prevalence of oral diseases also increases.

Aim
To clarify whether there is a need for dental prosthodontic treatment during residential acute geriatric rehabilitation.

Methods
Within 3 weeks in a hospital for acute geriatric patients, 79 out of 157 newly admitted patients were interviewed as study participants (age: median 79.0 years, range 66–96 years, female 51.9%), dental findings were recorded, treatment needs were determined but X‑rays were not taken.

Results
Of the participants 31.1% had not seen a dentist for more than 1 year and 18.2% were edentulous. The median number of teeth in dentate participants was 16 (range 1–28 teeth); based on all participants, there was a median of 12.0 teeth (range 0–28 teeth). Of the 52 denture wearers (45 upper jaw and 43 lower jaw), 5 each of the maxillary and mandibular dentures could not be assessed because they were not available at the hospital. Moderate denture deficiencies were present in 62.5% of participants wearing upper dentures (mandibular 55.3%).

Conclusion
Dental treatment is needed in this vulnerable patient group. Therefore, the oral cavity should be assessed as part of the geriatric assessment. The available data confirm that the use of validated assessment instruments, such as the mini dental assessment as part of the comprehensive geriatric assessment would be useful. In addition to an oral examination, simple dental treatment should be provided to reduce infections and improve chewing ability. The geriatrician should be informed of the urgency of treatment. The overall rehabilitative approach of acute geriatric treatment would be complete if oral health would not be excluded.
Initial treatment strategy and clinical outcomes in Finnish MS patients: a propensity-matched study
Authors: Hänninen K. , Viitala M. , Atula S. , Laakso S. M. , Kuusisto H. , Soilu-Hänninen M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The optimal treatment strategy with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) remains uncertain.

Objective
To compare outcomes of initial treatment with infusion therapies and starting therapy with medium efficacy therapy in a propensity-matched cohort of Finnish RRMS patients.

Methods
A total of 154 RRMS patients initiating natalizumab, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab or rituximab as first DMT (high efficacy DMT, heDMT group) and 1771 patients initially treated with injectable therapies, teriflunomide or dimethylfumarate and escalated based on disease activity (moderate efficacy DMT, meDMT group) were identified from the Finnish MS registry. Nearest neighbor propensity matching (1:1, caliper 0.1) was performed for age, sex, baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), annual relapse rate (ARR) one year prior DMT and time since MS symptom onset. Primary outcome was time to 6-month confirmed EDSS progression and the secondary outcome time to first relapse.

Results
In the propensity-matched group comparisons, the probability of 6-month confirmed disability progression (CDP) at 5 years after DMT start was 28.4% (95% CI 15.7–39.3) in the heDMT group (n = 66) and 47.0% (95% CI 33.1–58.1) in meDMT group (n = 66), p = 0.013. Probability of relapse at 5 years was 34.6% (95% CI 24.1–43.6) for heDMT (n = 105) and 47.2% (95% CI 36.6–56.1) for meDMT (n = 105), p = 0.019.

Conclusions
Initiating MS-therapy with heDMT significantly reduced the risk of 5-year disability progression and relapse compared to using meDMT as first DMT choice in propensity-matched groups of Finnish MS-patients.
Classification of human enteric neurons
Authors: Brehmer Axel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMajor advances in our understanding of the functional heterogeneity of enteric neurons are driven by the application of newly developed, innovative methods. In contrast to this progress, both animal and human enteric neurons are usually divided into only two morphological subpopulations, “Dogiel type II” neurons (with several long processes) and “Dogiel type I” neurons (with several short processes). This implies no more than the distinction of intrinsic primary afferent from all other enteric neurons. The well-known chemical and functional diversity of enteric neurons is not reflected by this restrictive dichotomy of morphological data. Recent structural investigations of human enteric neurons were performed by different groups which mainly used two methodical approaches, namely detecting the architecture of their processes and target-specific tracing of their axonal courses. Both methods were combined with multiple immunohistochemistry in order to decipher neurochemical codes. This review integrates these morphological and immunohistological data and presents a classification of human enteric neurons which we believe is not yet complete but provides an essential foundation for the further development of human gastrointestinal neuropathology.
Drought tolerance in selected aerobic and upland rice varieties is driven by different metabolic and antioxidative responses
Authors: Melandri Giovanni , AbdElgawad Hamada , Floková Kristýna , Jamar Diaan C. , Asard Han , Beemster Gerrit T. S. , Ruyter-Spira Carolien , Bouwmeester Harro J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Main conclusions
Sugar-mediated osmotic acclimation and a strong antioxidative response reduce drought-induced biomass loss at the vegetative stage in rice.

Abstract
A clear understanding of the physiological and biochemical adaptations to water limitation in upland and aerobic rice can help to identify the mechanisms underlying their tolerance to low water availability. In this study, three indica rice varieties-IR64 (lowland), Apo (aerobic), and UPL Ri-7 (upland)-, that are characterized by contrasting levels of drought tolerance, were exposed to drought at the vegetative stage. Drought-induced changes in biomass, leaf metabolites and oxidative stress markers/enzyme activities were analyzed in each variety at multiple time points. The two drought-tolerant varieties, Apo and UPL Ri-7 displayed a reduced water use in contrast to the susceptible variety IR64 that displayed high water consumption and consequent strong leaf dehydration upon drought treatment. A sugar-mediated osmotic acclimation in UPL Ri-7 and a strong antioxidative response in Apo were both effective in limiting the drought-induced biomass loss in these two varieties, while biomass loss was high in IR64, also after recovery. A qualitative comparison of these results with the ones of a similar experiment conducted in the field at the reproductive stage showed that only Apo, which also in this stage showed the highest antioxidant power, was able to maintain a stable grain yield under stress. Our results show that different metabolic and antioxidant adaptations confer drought tolerance to aerobic and upland rice varieties in the vegetative stage. The effectiveness of these adaptations differs between developmental stages. Unraveling the genetic control of these mechanisms might be exploited in breeding for new rice varieties adapted to water-limited environments.
Status quo of ALK testing in lung cancer: results of an EQA scheme based on in-situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and RNA/DNA sequencing
Authors: Jurmeister Philipp , Vollbrecht Claudia , Jöhrens Korinna , Aust Daniela , Behnke Anke , Stenzinger Albrecht , Penzel Roland , Endris Volker , Schirmacher Peter , Fisseler-Eckhoff Annette , Neumann Jens , Kirchner Thomas , Büttner Reinhard , Merkelbach-Bruse Sabine , Kreipe Hans , Jonigk Danny , Jochum Wolfram , Rodriguez Regulo , Dietel Manfred , Horst David , Hummel Michael , von Laffert Maximilian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith this external quality assessment (EQA) scheme, we aim to investigate the diagnostic performance of the currently available methods for the detection of ALK alterations in non-small cell lung cancer on a national scale, namely, in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and RNA/DNA sequencing (NGS). The EQA scheme cohort consisted of ten specimens, including four ALK positive and six ALK negative samples, which were thoroughly pretested using IHC, ISH, and RNA/DNA NGS. Unstained tumor sections were provided to the 57 participants, and the results were retrieved via an online questionnaire. ISH was used by 29, IHC by 38, and RNA/DNA sequencing by 19 participants. Twenty-eight institutions (97%) passed the ring trial using ISH, 33 (87%) by using IHC, and 18 (95%) by using NGS. The highest sensitivity and interrater agreement (Fleiss ‘ kappa) was observed for RNA/DNA sequencing (99%, 0.975), followed by ISH (94%, 0.898) and IHC (92%, 0.888). However, the proportion of samples that were not evaluable due to bad tissue quality was also higher for RNA/DNA sequencing (4%) compared with ISH (0.7%) and IHC (0.5%). While all three methods produced reliable results between the different institutions, the highest sensitivity and concordance were observed for RNA/DNA sequencing. These findings encourage the broad implementation of this method in routine diagnostic, although the application might be limited by technical capacity, economical restrictions, and tissue quality of formalin-fixed samples.
Interhemispheric co-alteration of brain homotopic regions
Authors: Cauda Franco , Nani Andrea , Liloia Donato , Gelmini Gabriele , Mancuso Lorenzo , Manuello Jordi , Panero Melissa , Duca Sergio , Zang Yu-Feng , Costa Tommaso 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAsymmetries in gray matter alterations raise important issues regarding the pathological co-alteration between hemispheres. Since homotopic areas are the most functionally connected sites between hemispheres and gray matter co-alterations depend on connectivity patterns, it is likely that this relationship might be mirrored in homologous interhemispheric co-altered areas. To explore this issue, we analyzed data of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depressive disorder from the BrainMap voxel-based morphometry database. We calculated a map showing the pathological homotopic anatomical co-alteration between homologous brain areas. This map was compared with the meta-analytic homotopic connectivity map obtained from the BrainMap functional database, so as to have a meta-analytic connectivity modeling map between homologous areas. We applied an empirical Bayesian technique so as to determine a directional pathological co-alteration on the basis of the possible tendencies in the conditional probability of being co-altered of homologous brain areas. Our analysis provides evidence that: the hemispheric homologous areas appear to be anatomically co-altered; this pathological co-alteration is similar to the pattern of connectivity exhibited by the couples of homologues; the probability to find alterations in the areas of the left hemisphere seems to be greater when their right homologues are also altered than vice versa, an intriguing asymmetry that deserves to be further investigated and explained.
Discordances between pediatric and adult thresholds in the diagnosis of hypertension in adolescents with CKD
Authors: Black Elizabeth , Lee Jason , Flynn Joseph T. , McCulloch Charles E. , Samuels Joshua A. , Seth Divya , Warady Bradley , Furth Susan , Mitsnefes Mark , Ku Elaine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are a unique population with a high prevalence of hypertension. Management of hypertension during the transition from adolescence to adulthood can be challenging given differences in normative blood pressure values in adolescents compared with adults.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis of the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Cohort Study, we compared pediatric versus adult definitions of ambulatory- and clinic-diagnosed hypertension in their ability to discriminate risk for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and kidney failure using logistic and Cox models, respectively.ResultsOverall, among 363 adolescents included for study, the prevalence of systolic hypertension was 27%, 44%, 12%, and 9% based on pediatric ambulatory, adult ambulatory, pediatric clinic, and adult clinic definitions, respectively. All definitions of hypertension were statistically significantly associated with LVH except for the adult ambulatory definition. Presence of ambulatory hypertension was associated with 2.6 times higher odds of LVH using pediatric definitions (95% CI 1.4–5.1) compared to 1.4 times higher odds using adult definitions (95% CI 0.8–3.0). The c-statistics for discrimination of LVH was statistically significantly higher for the pediatric definition of ambulatory hypertension (c=0.61) compared to the adult ambulatory definition (c=0.54), and the Akaike Information Criterion was lower for the pediatric definition. All definitions were associated with progression to kidney failure.ConclusionOverall, there was not a substantial difference in pediatric versus adult definitions of hypertension in predicting kidney outcomes, but there was slightly better risk discrimination of the risk of LVH with the pediatric definition of ambulatory hypertension.Graphical abstract
Mastication, swallowing, and salivary flow in patients with head and neck cancer: objective tests versus patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Vermaire Jorine A. , Raaijmakers Cornelis P. J. , Verdonck-de Leeuw Irma M. , Jansen Femke , Leemans C. René , Terhaard Chris H. J. , Speksnijder Caroline M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Before and after treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC), many patients have problems with mastication, swallowing, and salivary flow. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between objective test outcomes of mastication, swallowing, and salivary flow versus patient-reported outcomes (PROs) measuring mastication-, swallowing-, and salivary flow–related quality of life.

Methods
Data of the prospective cohort “Netherlands Quality of Life and Biomedical Cohort Study” was used as collected before treatment, and 3 and 6 months after treatment. Spearman’s rho was used to test the association between objective test outcomes of the mixing ability test (MAT) for masticatory performance, the water-swallowing test (WST) for swallowing performance, and the salivary flow test versus PROs (subscales of the EORTC QLQ-H&N35, Swallow Quality of Life questionnaire (SWAL-QoL-NL) and Groningen Radiation-Induced Xerostomia (GRIX)).

Results
Data of 142 patients were used, and in total, 285 measurements were performed. No significant correlations were found between the MAT or WST and subscales of the EORTC QLQ-H&N35. Significant but weak correlations were found between the MAT or WST and 4 subscales of the SWAL-QoL-NL. Weak to moderate correlations were found between the salivary flow test and GRIX at 3 and 6 months after treatment, with the highest correlation between salivary flow and xerostomia during the day (Spearman’s rho =  − 0.441, p = 0.001).

Conclusion
The association between objective test outcomes and PROs is weak, indicating that these outcome measures provide different information about masticatory performance, swallowing, and salivary flow in patients with HNC.
On the Morse index of branched Willmore spheres in 3-space
Authors: Michelat Alexis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe develop a general method to compute the Morse index of branched Willmore spheres and show that the Morse index is equal to the index of certain matrix whose dimension is equal to the number of ends of the dual minimal surface (when the latter exists). As a corollary, we find that for allimmersedWillmore spheres$$\vec {\Phi }:S^2\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^3$$Φ→:S2→R3such that$$W(\vec {\Phi })=4\pi n$$W(Φ→)=4πn, we have$$\mathrm {Ind}_{W}(\vec {\Phi })\le n-1$$IndW(Φ→)≤n-1.