bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Titanium mesh osteosynthesis for the treatment of severely comminuted maxillofacial fractures in four dogs
Authors: Vallefuoco R. , Bird F. , Gordo I. , Brissot H. , Fina C. 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionMajor goals in maxillofacial fracture treatment include to restore the dental occlusion, stabilise the major skeletal supports, restore the contour of the face and achieve proper function and appearance of the face. Titanium is considered an optimal material for maxillofacial reconstruction due to its biocompatibility, high strength, minimal inflammatory reaction and minimal imaging artefact.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical details, surgical technique, pre‐ and postoperative imaging and short‐ and long‐term follow‐up of severely comminuted maxillofacial fractures treated with titanium mesh and titanium screws in dogs.Materials and MethodsRetrospective short case series included four client‐owned dogs with maxillofacial fractures. After appropriate medical stabilisation, preoperative CT examination of the head was obtained in all patients for evaluation of fracture configuration and surgical planning. The maxillofacial fractures were stabilised by titanium mesh osteosynthesis. Short‐ and long‐term clinical and radiographic follow‐ups were available for all dogs.ResultsProper dental occlusion and reconstruction of the anatomic buttresses was achieved in all cases. All dogs recovered uneventfully from the surgery and no complications were recorded on the long‐term follow‐up up to 43 months. Occlusion was maintained in all dogs, as well as excellent cosmesis of the midface.Clinical SignificanceTitanium mesh osteosynthesis can achieve sufficient rigidity and lead to uncomplicated healing of severely comminuted maxillofacial fractures. This internal fixation method can be considered a valuable option to treat maxillofacial fractures in particular in cases of large bone defect and midface reconstruction.
Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with neoplastic or inflammatory central nervous system disorders
Authors: Mariani Christopher L. , Niman Zachary E. , Boozer Lindsay B. , Ruterbories Laura K. , Early Peter J. , Muñana Karen R. , Olby Natasha J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key molecular driver of angiogenesis and vascular permeability and is expressed by a wide variety of neoplasms. Although blood VEGF concentrations have been quantified in intracranial tumors of dogs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) VEGF concentration might be a more sensitive biomarker of disease.ObjectiveConcentrations of VEGF in CSF are higher in dogs with central nervous system (CNS) neoplasia compared to those with meningoencephalomyelitis and other neurologic disorders.AnimalsOne hundred and twenty‐six client‐owned dogs presented to a veterinary teaching hospital.MethodsCase‐control study. Cerebrospinal fluid was archived from dogs diagnosed with CNS neoplasia and meningoencephalomyelitis. Control dogs had other neurological disorders or diseases outside of the CNS. A commercially available kit was used to determine VEGF concentrations.ResultsDetectable CSF VEGF concentrations were present in 49/63 (77.8%) neoplastic samples, 22/24 (91.7%) inflammatory samples, and 8/39 (20.5%) control samples. The VEGF concentrations were significantly different between groups (P < .0001), and multiple comparison testing showed that both neoplastic and inflammatory groups had significantly higher concentrations than did controls (P < .05), but did not differ from each other. Gliomas and choroid plexus tumors had significantly higher VEGF concentrations than did the control group (P < .05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCerebrospinal fluid VEGF concentrations may serve as a marker of neoplastic and inflammatory CNS disorders relative to other conditions.
Balloon valvuloplasty in 2 juvenile alpacas with severe valvular pulmonic stenosis
Authors: Funk Logan L. , Rodriguez Kiira T. , Leach Stacey B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTwo juvenile alpacas, 1 male and 1 female, were presented for evaluation of grade V/VI bilateral basilar systolic heart murmurs. Both animals were ultimately diagnosed with severe valvular pulmonic stenosis and a small ventricular septal defect. Transvenous balloon valvuloplasty was performed in each animal using methods described in the dog. A double balloon technique was employed in the first case, with a balloon‐annulus ratio of ~1.55. For the second case, a high‐pressure dilatation balloon catheter with a balloon‐annulus ratio of ~1.33 was selected. Experience with both procedures indicates that balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty is technically feasible in alpacas using techniques extrapolated from those used in dogs. Furthermore, accepted criteria for procedural success were fulfilled for both alpacas, with more than a 50% reduction in the echocardiographically derived transpulmonic pressure gradient after intervention.
Transperineal pelvic floor ultrasound for analyzing the outcomes of pelvic floor surgery for the treatment of anterior compartment prolapse: A comparative study of transvaginal mesh and native‐tissue repair
Authors: Liu Lin‐Na , Liu Xiu‐Ni , Liu Chang , Yao Meng‐Yan , Xu Hui‐Xiong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of transvaginal mesh (TVM) and native‐tissue repair (NTR) for the repair of anterior compartment prolapse.MethodsThis retrospective study involved 90 patients with anterior compartment prolapse who underwent pelvic organ prolapse surgery between January 2018 and October 2020. A TVM was used to treat 53 patients and 37 underwent NTR. All patients underwent a standardized interview, clinical examination, and four‐dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound (PFUS) before and after the surgery. The primary outcome was anatomic recurrence evaluated by ultrasonic parameters. The secondary outcomes were subjective recurrence and complications.ResultsSubjective recurrence was 9.43% (5/53) for TVM and 16.22% (6/37) for NTR (P = .522). Significant recurrence of prolapse on ultrasound occurred in five patients (9.43%) after TVM and 12 (32.43%) after NTR; there was a significant difference between the TVM and NTR groups (P = .006). In the TVM group, the mesh was visible on ultrasound in each patient. The mesh exposure rate was 1.89% (1/53). The postoperative hiatal area reduction in the TVM group, compared with the NTR group, was statistically significant (5.55 ± 4.71 cm2 vs 3.09 ± 5.61 cm2, P = .027). The incidence of de novo stress urinary incontinence was higher in the TVM group (20.75% vs 2.70%, P = .03). After surgery, there were significant differences between the two groups based on bladder descent (12.02 ± 8.64 mm vs 22.41 ± 13.95 mm, P = .000) and urethral rotation angle (25.26 ± 13.92° vs 40.27 ± 23.72°, P = .001).ConclusionPFUS is effective for evaluating postoperative outcomes. TVM facilitates a better anatomic cure than NTR for anterior compartment prolapse.
The demographic history of Castanea sativa Mill. in southwest Europe: A natural population structure modified by translocations
Authors: Fernández‐López Josefa , Fernández‐Cruz Javier , Míguez‐Soto Beatriz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn domesticated species, translocation of materials can alter natural demographic patterns; this may have occurred in Castanea sativa (European chestnut), a species conserved in several refuges, with a long domestication history for nut production. Bayesian analysis of population genetic structure in marginal areas and in the centre of C. sativa range, considering spatial information and making corrections for unbalanced size, allowed visualization of a genetic structure that was subsequently analysed by approximate Bayesian computation to assess its natural demographic history and test the origin of some hypothetical translocated germplasm. We obtained evidence of C. sativa population contraction during the earliest Pleistocene, resulting in a split into eastern (Greek) and western (Italian and Iberian) populations. The northern Iberian population, in the Eurosiberian area, is one of the vestiges that remained after the contraction that split the global Tertiary population. A secondary encounter, occurred from Middle to Upper Pleistocene, which explains the hybrid origin of the Western Mediterranean population present in Italy and in the centre and south of the Iberian Peninsula. It has been demonstrated that a germplasm translocation from Italy to the Central Iberian Range may have occurred. Recent translocations have hybridized with the local northern Iberian population, producing naturalized populations with high diversity. The populations of C. sativa in southwestern Europe have a genetic structure compatible with a natural origin, in which signs of population contractions and expansions caused by climatic oscillations since the Late Miocene have been imprinted.
CsrA regulation via binding to the base‐pairing small RNA Spot 42
Authors: Lai Ying‐Jung , Yakhnin Helen , Pannuri Archana , Pourciau Christine , Babitzke Paul , Romeo Tony 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe carbon storage regulator system and base‐pairing small RNAs (sRNAs) represent two predominant modes of bacterial post‐transcriptional regulation, which globally influence gene expression. Binding of CsrA protein to the 5′ UTR or initial mRNA coding sequences can affect translation, RNA stability, and/or transcript elongation. Base‐pairing sRNAs also regulate these processes, often requiring assistance from the RNA chaperone Hfq. Transcriptomics studies in Escherichia coli have identified many new CsrA targets, including Spot 42 and other base‐pairing sRNAs. Spot 42 synthesis is repressed by cAMP‐CRP, induced by the presence of glucose, and Spot 42 post‐transcriptionally represses operons that facilitate metabolism of nonpreferred carbon sources. CsrA activity is also increased by glucose via effects on CsrA sRNA antagonists, CsrB/C. Here, we elucidate a mechanism wherein CsrA binds to and protects Spot 42 sRNA from RNase E‐mediated cleavage. This protection leads to enhanced repression of srlA by Spot 42, a gene required for sorbitol uptake. A second, independent mechanism by which CsrA represses srlA is by binding to and inhibiting translation of srlM mRNA, encoding a transcriptional activator of srlA. Our findings demonstrate a novel means of regulation, by CsrA binding to a sRNA, and indicate that such interactions can help to shape complex bacterial regulatory circuitry.
Individual and organizational factors influencing workplace cyberbullying of nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kim Youngji , Choi Jeong Sil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWorkplace cyberbullying has emerged as a new issue. This study aimed to explore individual and organizational factors that affect nurses’ workplace cyberbullying in hospital settings. A multicenter, cross‐sectional study was conducted using a self‐report questionnaire. Three tertiary and 18 general hospitals were selected from one city in Korea. A total of 270 nurses with 6 months to 10 years of experience in the current department were enrolled. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with cyberbullying. Workplace cyberbullying was affected by self‐labeled victimization due to face‐to‐face bullying, subjective health level, years of experience as a nurse (β = 0.148, p = 0.009), and relation‐oriented nursing organizational culture. Face‐to‐face bullying must be addressed to prevent workplace cyberbullying. It is important to assist nurses to maintain good health—considering that, new nurses with less than 1 year of experience are vulnerable to being victimized. Effective prevention strategies should be prepared to control workplace cyberbullying in clinical practice.
Dynamic plant–soil microbe interactions: the neglected effect of soil conditioning time
Authors: Ke Po‐Ju , Zee Peter C. , Fukami Tadashi 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Plant–soil feedback (PSF) may change in strength over the life of plant individuals as plants continue to modify the soil microbial community. However, the temporal variation in PSF is rarely quantified and its impacts on plant communities remain unknown.

Using a chronosequence reconstructed from annual aerial photographs of a coastal dune ecosystem, we characterized > 20‐yr changes in soil microbial communities associated with individuals of the four dominant perennial species, one legume and three nonlegume. We also quantified the effects of soil biota on conspecific and heterospecific seedling performance in a glasshouse experiment that preserved soil properties of these individual plants. Additionally, we used a general individual‐based model to explore the potential consequences of temporally varying PSF on plant community assembly.

In all plant species, microbial communities changed with plant age. However, responses of plants to the turnover in microbial composition depended on the identity of the seedling species: only the soil biota effect experienced by the nonlegume species became increasingly negative with longer soil conditioning. Model simulation suggested that temporal changes in PSF could affect the transient dynamics of plant community assembly.

These results suggest that temporal variation in PSF over the life of individual plants should be considered to understand how PSF structures plant communities.
Tree crown injury from wildland fires: causes, measurement and ecological and physiological consequences
Authors: Varner J. Morgan , Hood Sharon M. , Aubrey Doug. P. , Yedinak Kara , Hiers J. Kevin , Jolly W. Matthew , Shearman Timothy M. , McDaniel Jennifer K. , O’Brien Joseph J. , Rowell Eric M. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe dead foliage of scorched crowns is one of the most conspicuous signatures of wildland fires. Globally, crown scorch from fires in savannas, woodlands and forests causes tree stress and death across diverse taxa. The term crown scorch, however, is inconsistently and ambiguously defined in the literature, causing confusion and conflicting interpretation of results. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms causing foliage death from fire are poorly understood. The consequences of crown scorch – alterations in physiological, biogeochemical and ecological processes and ecosystem recovery pathways – remain largely unexamined. Most research on the topic assumes the mechanism of leaf and bud death is exposure to lethal air temperatures, with few direct measurements of lethal heating thresholds. Notable information gaps include how energy transfer injures and kills leaves and buds, how nutrients, carbohydrates, and hormones respond, and what physiological consequences lead to mortality. We clarify definitions to encourage use of unified terminology for foliage and bud necrosis resulting from fire. We review the current understanding of the physical mechanisms driving foliar injury, discuss the physiological responses, and explore novel ecological consequences of crown injury from fire. From these elements, we propose research needs for the increasingly interdisciplinary study of fire effects.
RNase‐based self‐incompatibility in cacti
Authors: Ramanauskas Karolis , Igić Boris 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Approximately one‐half of all flowering plants express genetically based physiological mechanisms that prevent self‐fertilisation. One such mechanism, termed RNase‐based self‐incompatibility, employs ribonucleases as the pistil component. Although it is widespread, it has only been characterised in a handful of distantly related families, partly due to the difficulties presented by life history traits of many plants, which complicate genetic research. Many species in the cactus family are known to express self‐incompatibility but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.

We demonstrate the utility of a candidate‐based RNA‐seq approach, combined with some unusual features of self‐incompatibility‐causing genes, which we use to uncover the genetic basis of the underlying mechanisms. Specifically, we assembled transcriptomes from Schlumbergera truncata (crab cactus or false Christmas cactus), and interrogated them for tissue‐specific expression of candidate genes, structural characteristics, correlation with expressed phenotype(s), and phylogenetic placement.

The results were consistent with operation of the RNase‐based self‐incompatibility mechanism in Cactaceae.

The finding yields additional evidence that the ancestor of nearly all eudicots possessed RNase‐based self‐incompatibility, as well as a clear path to better conservation practices for one of the most charismatic plant families.
The Protective Effects of Parathyroid Hormone (1‐34) on Cartilage and Subchondral Bone Through Down‐Regulating JAK2/STAT3 and WNT5A/ROR2 in a Collagenase‐Induced Osteoarthritis Mouse Model
Authors: Shao Li‐tao , Gou Yu , Fang Jia‐kang , Hu Yun‐peng , Lian Qiang‐qiang , Yang Zhou , Zhang Yu‐ying , Wang Yu‐dan , Tian Fa‐ming , Zhang Liu 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of PTH (1‐34) on bone and cartilage metabolism in a collagenase‐induced mouse model of osteoarthritis (OA) and examine whether PTH (1‐34) affects the expression of JAK2/STAT3 and WNT5A/ROR2 in this process.MethodsEighteen 12‐week‐old male C57Bl/6 mice were randomly assigned into three groups as follows: sham group (Group A), the collagenase + saline injection group (Group B), and the collagenase + PTH (1‐34) treatment group (Group C). Collagenase was injected (intra‐articular) into the knee joint of Group B and C. The PTH (1–34)‐treatment was started at 6 weeks after the operation and lasted for 6 weeks. Cartilage pathology was evaluated by gross visual, histological, and immunohistochemical assessments. Subchondral bone was evaluated by microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) and immunohistochemical analyses.ResultsThe OARSI macroscopic and microscopic scores of Group B were higher than those of Group A (P = 0.026; P = 0.002, respectively). Group C showed statistically significant differences in macroscopic and microscopic scores from Group B (P = 0.041; P = 0.008, respectively). The results showed that the Col‐II and AGG expression levels in the cartilage tissue were significantly lower in Group B than Group A (P < 0.001; P = 0.008, respectively). The Col‐II and AGG expression levels were significantly higher in Group C than Group B (P = 0.009; P = 0.014, respectively). MMP‐13, ADAMTS‐4, Caspase‐3, P53, and Bax expression levels were significantly higher in Group B than the Group A (P < 0.001; P < 0.001; P = 0.04; P < 0.001; P = 0.005, respectively); however, the cartilage tissue in Group C showed significantly less ADAMTS‐4, MMP‐13, Caspase‐3, P53, and Bax expression than Group B (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.044; P = 0.002; P = 0.005, respectively). Over‐expressed JAK2/STAT3 and WNT5A/ROR2 were observed in both cartilage and subchondral bone in this model; however, these changes were prevented by PTH (1‐34) treatment. These parameters (bone mineral density, bone volume ratio, trabecular bone pattern factor, and structure model index) of micro‐CT indicated subchondral bone loss and architecture changes in Group B, but improvements in these parameters in Group C.ConclusionsPTH (1‐34) exhibits protective effects on both cartilage and subchondral bone in a collagenase‐induced OA mouse model, and it may be involved in down‐regulating the expression of JAK2/STAT3 and WNT5A/ROR2.
Dermatologic findings in individuals with genetically confirmed Proteus syndrome
Authors: Pithadia Deeti J. , Cartron Alexander M. , Biesecker Leslie G. , Darling Thomas N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveProteus syndrome, caused by a mosaic activating AKT1 variant, typically presents in toddlers with progressive, asymmetric overgrowth of the skin and bones. We aimed to define the spectrum of dermatologic disease in individuals with genetically confirmed Proteus syndrome.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of records from dermatologic examinations of individuals evaluated at the NIH with a molecular diagnosis of Proteus syndrome. The types, prevalence, and localization of dermatologic findings were assessed.ResultsFifty‐one individuals (29 males, 22 females, mean age: 9 years) with clinical features of Proteus syndrome had the mosaic c.49G>A, p.Glu17Lys AKT1 variant. Fifty (98%) had at least one cutaneous feature constituting current clinical diagnostic criteria, including vascular malformations in 42 (82%), epidermal nevus in 41 (80%), volar cerebriform connective tissue nevi in 34 (67%), and adipose dysregulation in 30 (59%). Forty‐nine (96%) had at least one dermatologic finding not included within the diagnostic criteria, including confluent volar skin‐colored to hypopigmented papules or nodules (n = 33, 65%), papules or nodules on the digits or face (n = 27, 53%), and nonlinear epidermal nevi (n = 15, 29%). Other frequently observed features include nail changes (n = 28, 55%), hyperpigmented macules (n = 27, 53%), patchy dermal hypoplasia (n = 18, 35%), gingival/oral mucosal overgrowth (n = 17, 33%), hypopigmented macules (n = 16, 31%), dental enamel changes (n = 9, 18%), acrochordons (n = 6, 12%), and lingual overgrowth (n = 4, 8%).ConclusionsThe range of mucocutaneous features occurring in Proteus syndrome is broader than previously considered. These observations may assist in earlier diagnosis and management and provide novel insights regarding the pathogenesis of the condition.
Ordinary Language Philosophy as Phenomenological Research: Reading Austin with Merleau‐Ponty
Authors: Leeten Lars 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn his late ‘A Plea for Excuses’, John L. Austin suggests labelling his philosophy ‘linguistic phenomenology’. This article examines which idea of phenomenology Austin had in mind when he coined this term and what light this sheds on his method. It is argued that the key to answering this question can be found in Merleau‐Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception, which Austin must have been familiar with. Merleau‐Ponty presents phenomenology in a way Austin could embrace: it is a method, it aims at description and uses reduction, it is a non‐idealistic study of essence and interprets intentionality as ‘operative’. In this light, Austin’s method can be appreciated more fully.
Volatile compounds from plum genotypes with different levels of resistance to leaf scald disease
Authors: Thomazi‐Kleina Heloisa , Ballesteros Garcia Meira J. , Oliveira De Melo Tamires , Dalbó Marco Antônio , Marques Francisco De Assis , May‐De‐Mio Louise Larissa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlum leaf scald (PLS) is the main obstacle to plum expansion in Brazil. This disease is caused by Xylella fastidiosa, which colonizes the foregut of xylem‐sap feeding insects and the xylem of the plants. Breeding programmes identified new plum genotypes that showed no leaf scald symptoms in the field and remained negative for X. fastidiosa for at least 10 years. However, the mechanisms that confer this resistance are not fully elucidated. One hypothesis is the emission of volatile organic compounds by the host. Therefore, we investigated the volatile compound profile from six plum genotypes with different resistance levels to PLS. Thirty‐nine compounds were identified. The major constituents in the plum volatile extract were phytol (46.76%) and limonene (2.48%). Cultivar Laetitia presented the highest total alkane content, Simka showed the highest alcohol content, while Fortune and SC13 exhibited the highest concentration of ketones. Cedrol was not detected in susceptible genotypes but was found in the resistant ones, SC7 and SC15. (E,E)‐α‐farnesene was detected in high concentrations in Fortune but was not found in SC13 and SC15. According to principal components analysis, genotypes were divided into four groups based on the similarity of the volatile profile: 1: Fortune and Laetitia; 2: Simka and SC13; 3: SC7; and 4: SC15. This is the first description of leaf volatile chemical components of Prunus salicina, and the putative factor related to resistance in SC7 and SC15 is discussed. We also propose a terpene pathway of the main volatile compounds found.