bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and procedures for experiments with steady and unsteady model velocities in a water towing tank
Authors: Jentzsch M. , Schmidt H. -J. , Woszidlo R. , Nayeri C. N. , Paschereit C. O. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChallenges for steady and unsteady model motion in a large water towing tank and procedures to overcome them are the focus of the presented work. Some challenges are attributed to experiments conducted in water, whereas others are uniquely ascribed to a towing tank facility. Data convergence and outlier detection are studied based on the phase averaged pressure in order to ensure proper data quality. Pressure measurements are performed with non-surface mounted sensors. Therefore, inertia effects are detrimental when the attached tubing is not fully de-aired. A procedure for de-airing the pressure sensor cavity and its tubing is described. An iterative approach is developed that compensates for nonlinear distortion of the model’s velocity profile. Further, vibration effects are examined by distinguishing mechanical and flow-induced frequencies that scale with the instantaneous model velocity. Sloshing waves are excited, which are a function of the water basin size. The first sloshing mode defines the required sensor offset time in between test cases when prevailing sloshing waves have not fully decayed. This appropriate selection of sensor offset time reduces data scatter and enables a reasonable waiting time in between test cases. A skim plate installed just below the water surface offers a potential solution to alleviate surface wave effects over the model.
Intravenous iron for heart failure with evidence of iron deficiency: a meta-analysis of randomised trials
Authors: Graham Fraser J. , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Ford Ian , Petrie Mark C. , Kalra Paul R. , Cleland John G. F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe recent AFFIRM-AHF trial assessing the effect of intravenous (IV) iron on outcomes in patients hospitalised with worsening heart failure who had iron deficiency (ID) narrowly missed its primary efficacy endpoint of recurrent hospitalisations for heart failure (HHF) or cardiovascular (CV) death. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether these results were consistent with previous trials.MethodsWe searched for randomised trials of patients with heart failure investigating the effect of IV iron vs placebo/control groups that reported HHF and CV mortality from 1st January 2000 to 5th December 2020. Seven trials were identified and included in this analysis. A fixed effect model was applied to assess the effects of IV iron on the composite of first HHF or CV mortality and individual components of these.ResultsAltogether, 2,166 patients were included (n = 1168 assigned to IV iron;n = 998 assigned to control). IV iron reduced the composite of HHF or CV mortality substantially [OR 0.73; (95% confidence interval 0.59–0.90);p = 0.003]. Outcomes were consistent for the pooled trials prior to AFFIRM-AHF. Whereas first HHF were reduced substantially [OR 0.67; (0.54–0.85);p = 0.0007], the effect on CV mortality was uncertain but appeared smaller [OR 0.89; (0.66–1.21);p = 0.47].ConclusionAdministration of IV iron to patients with heart failure and ID reduces the risk of the composite outcome of first heart failure hospitalisation or cardiovascular mortality, but this outcome may be driven predominantly by an effect on HHF. At least three more substantial trials of intravenous iron are underway.Graphic abstract
Management and outcome of true visceral and renal artery aneurysm repair
Authors: Wolk Steffen , Distler Marius , Radosa Christoph , Ehehalt Florian , Bergert Hendrik , Weitz Jürgen , Reeps Christian , Ludwig Stefan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Visceral and renal artery aneurysms (VAA, RAA) are very rare pathologies. Both surgical and endovascular therapies are discussed as therapeutic options for ruptured and non-ruptured aneurysm repair; we describe our experience in the open and endovascular management of these entities.

Methods
Retrospective database analysis of 60 treated VAA and RAA in 59 patients between 1994 and 2020. Outcome data was descriptively analyzed.

Results
Thirty-seven aneurysms were surgically treated and 23 interventionally. In the total study cohort, we observed a mortality of 1.7% and a morbidity of 18.6%. One major complication occurred. The morbidity was higher after surgical repair in ruptured and non-ruptured cases. The mean aneurysm diameter was 30.5 ± 15.6 mm. Patients with hepatic or pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms presented more often in the stage of rupture, without differences in aneurysm size. The length of hospital stay after endovascular repair was significantly shorter compared to open surgical treatment (7.2 ± 6.9 days versus 11.8 ± 6.7 days, p = 0.014), but only in elective cases. Primary technical success was significantly better in patients that underwent surgical repair in an intention to treat analysis (100% versus 79.3%). The mean follow-up of the cohort was 53.5 months (range 3–207 months).

Conclusion
Elective endovascular therapy and open surgery of VAA and RAA are safe procedures with a good periprocedural and long-term outcome. Surgical revascularization showed a better primary technical success but was associated with longer length of hospital stays.
Neue Therapiemöglichkeiten der spinalen Muskelatrophie
Authors: Eisenkölbl Astrid 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit einiger Zeit stehen für die Behandlung der spinalen Muskelatrophie (SMA) Medikamente mit unterschiedlichen Wirkmechanismen zur Verfügung, die den Verlauf der Erkrankung erheblich beeinflussen können. Unbehandelt ist diese neuromuskuläre Erkrankung immer progredient und führt bei der schwersten Verlaufsform SMA Typ 1 meist innerhalb von 24 Monaten zum Tod. Der genetische Defekt liegt auf dem Survival-motor-neuron-1-Gen (SMN1-Gen). Dies führt zu einem Verlust von SMN1-Protein und damit zum Untergang von Motoneuronen. Bei allen Patienten liegt das SMN2-Gen, das nur etwa 10 % funktionstüchtiges Protein bilden kann, in unterschiedlicher Kopienanzahl vor und beeinflusst den klinischen Schweregrad der Erkrankung, wobei fließende Übergänge zwischen den einzelnen Typen zu beobachten sind. Das erste für die SMA zugelassene Medikament ist Spinraza®, ein Antisense-Oligonukleotid, das intrathekal verabreicht wird, das mRNA-Splicing verändert und so zu einer vermehrten Produktion von SMN2-Protein führt. Das zweite zugelassene Medikament ist Zolgensma®. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Genersatztherapie, bei der das SMN1-Gen mittels eines Virusvektors als Einmalinfusion in den Körper eingebracht wird, um dann funktionierendes SMN-Protein zu bilden. Kurz vor der Zulassung steht außerdem Risdiplam®, dies ist ein sogenanntes „small molecule“ und setzt wie Spinraza® am SMN2-Gen an. Der Vorteil besteht in der Möglichkeit der oralen Einnahme. In allen Studien zu diesen Medikamenten wurde gezeigt, dass ein möglichst früher, am besten präsymptomatischer Beginn die besten Ergebnisse in den motorischen Scores für die Patienten erbrachte. Ein Neugeborenen-Screening könnte die betroffenen Kinder noch vor Symptombeginn detektieren.
Risk-aware business process management using multi-view modeling: method and tool
Authors: Thabet Rafika , Bork Dominik , Boufaied Amine , Lamine Elyes , Korbaa Ouajdi , Pingaud Hervé 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRisk-aware Business Process Management (R-BPM) has been addressed in research since more than a decade. However, the integration of the two independent research streams is still ongoing with a lack of research focusing on the conceptual modeling perspective. Such an integration results in an increased meta-model complexity and a higher entry barrier for modelers in creating conceptual models and for addressees of the models in comprehending them. Multi-view modeling can reduce this complexity by providing multiple interdependent viewpoints that, all together, represent a complex system. Each viewpoint only covers those concepts that are necessary to separate the different concerns of stakeholders. However, adopting multi-view modeling discloses a number of challenges particularly related to managing consistency which is threatened by semantic and syntactic overlaps between the viewpoints. Moreover, usability and efficiency of multi-view modeling have never been systematically evaluated. This paper reports on the conceptualization, implementation, and empirical evaluation of e-BPRIM, a multi-view modeling extension of the Business Process-Risk Management-Integrated Method (BPRIM). The findings of our research contribute to theory by showing, that multi-view modeling outperforms diagram-oriented modeling by means of usability and efficiency of modeling, and quality of models. Moreover, the developed modeling tool is openly available, allowing its adoption and use in R-BPM practice. Eventually, the detailed presentation of the conceptualization serves as a blueprint for other researchers aiming to harness multi-view modeling.
Patient-reported outcomes from the phase II FAST trial of zolbetuximab plus EOX compared to EOX alone as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic CLDN18.2+ gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lordick Florian , Al-Batran Salah-Eddin , Ganguli Arijit , Morlock Robert , Sahin Ugur , Türeci Özlem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Zolbetuximab plus first-line EOX (epirubicin, oxaliplatin, capecitabine; ZOL/EOX) significantly prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival in the FAST trial vs EOX alone. We report the patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of FAST in patients with advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Methods
Patients were randomized to ZOL/EOX or EOX alone. Patients could receive ≤ 8 EOX cycles and remained on zolbetuximab until disease progression. PROs were collected using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-STO22 before drug administration at day 1/cycle 1, day 1/cycle 5, end of EOX treatment, and q12w thereafter until disease progression. Time to deterioration (TTD), defined as the first meaningful worsening from baseline, in the individual QLQ-C30/QLQ-STO22 scores was analyzed. Longitudinal changes in scores from baseline were analyzed using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM).

Results
The per protocol population included 143 (ZOL/EOX: 69; EOX: 74) patients. Baseline QLQ-C30 and STO22 scores were comparable between arms and denoted intermediate-to-high quality of life (QoL), intermediate-to-low global health status (GHS) and low symptom burden. Descriptive analyses showed no differences between arms until end of EOX but maintenance therapy with zolbetuximab was associated with better QoL and less symptom burden thereafter. TTD for most scores favored ZOL/EOX over EOX and reached statistical significance for GHS (p = 0.008). MMRM results support TTD findings; no statistically significant differences were observed between arms in any score except for nausea and vomiting (p = 0.0181 favoring EOX).

Conclusions
ZOL/EOX allowed patients to maintain good QoL and low symptom burden for longer than EOX alone.
Molybdenum disulfide and magnesium oxide nanoparticle performance on micropolar Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model
Authors: Reddy M. G. , Shehzad S. A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article intends to illustrate the Darcy flow and melting heat transmission in micropolar liquid. The major advantage of micropolar fluid is the liquid particle rotation through an independent kinematic vector named the microrotation vector. The novel aspects of the Cattaneo-Christov (C-C) heat flux and Joule heating are incorporated in the energy transport expression. Two different nanoparticles, namely, MoS2 and MgO, are suspended into the base-fluid. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) of the prevailing problem are slackening into ordinary differential expressions (ODEs) via similarity transformations. The resulting mathematical phenomenon is illustrated by the implication of fourth-fifth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) scheme. The fluid velocity and temperature distributions are deliberated by using graphical phenomena for multiple values of physical constraints. The results are displayed for both molybdenum disulphide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles. A comparative benchmark in the limiting approach is reported for the validation of the present technique. It is revealed that the incrementing material constraint results in a higher fluid velocity for both molybdenum disulphide and magnesium oxide nanoparticle situations.
Augmented Lagrangian preconditioners for the Oseen–Frank model of nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals
Authors: Xia Jingmin , Farrell Patrick E. , Wechsung Florian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe propose a robust and efficient augmented Lagrangian-type preconditioner for solving linearizations of the Oseen–Frank model arising in nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals. By applying the augmented Lagrangian method, the Schur complement of the director block can be better approximated by the weighted mass matrix of the Lagrange multiplier, at the cost of making the augmented director block harder to solve. In order to solve the augmented director block, we develop a robust multigrid algorithm which includes an additive Schwarz relaxation that captures a pointwise version of the kernel of the semi-definite term. Furthermore, we prove that the augmented Lagrangian term improves the discrete enforcement of the unit-length constraint. Numerical experiments verify the efficiency of the algorithm and its robustness with respect to problem-related parameters (Frank constants and cholesteric pitch) and the mesh size.
Large-Eddy Simulations of Pollutant Removal Enhancement from Urban Canyons
Authors: Cintolesi Carlo , Pulvirenti Beatrice , Sabatino Silvana Di 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTechniques for improving the removal of pollution from urban canyons are crucial for air quality control in cities. The removal mainly occurs at the building roof level, where it is supported by turbulent mixing and hampered by roof shear, which tends to isolate the internal canyon region from the atmospheric flow. Here, a modification of roof infrastructures is proposed with the aim of increasing the former and reducing the latter, overall enhancing the removal mechanisms. The topic is investigated by numerical experiment, using large-eddy simulation to study the paradigmatic case of a periodic square urban canyon at $$ Re=2 \times 10^4$$

R
e
=
2
×

10
4

. Two geometries are analyzed: one with a smooth building roof, the other having a series of solid obstacles atop the upwind building roof. The pollutant is released at the street level. The simulations are successfully validated against laboratory and numerical datasets, and the primary vortex displacement detected in some laboratory experiments is discussed. The turbulence triggered by the obstacles destroys the sharp shear layer that separates the canyon and the surrounding flow, increasing the mixing. Greater vertical turbulent mass fluxes and more frequent ejection events near the upwind building (where pollution accumulates) are detected. Overall, the obstacles lead to a reduction in the pollution concentration within the canyon of about $$34\%$$

34
%

.
Land-grant lessons for Anthropocene universities
Authors: Kopp Robert E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEstablished amidst the bloodshed of the Civil War, land-grant universities, together with the associated agricultural experiment stations and cooperative extension services, have played a crucial role in democratizing scientific knowledge and addressing intertwined educational, environmental, economic, and democratic challenges within the USA. Indeed, they have arguably pioneered the idea of “usable science.” Today, the urgent challenges of the Anthropocene demand a more robust relationship between scientific research and on-the-ground action, strong networks sharing local lessons globally, and channels for injecting global, long-term perspectives into the noise of short-termism. The land-grant experience provides lessons for “Anthropocene universities” seeking to tackle these challenges, including the importance of (1) establishing or expanding university-based boundary organizations akin to cooperative extension, (2) incentivizing the integration of engagement into the university’s research, teaching, and service missions, (3) centering values of democracy, justice, equity, and inclusion in engagement, and (4) cooperating across institutions and sectors. Given the urgency of fully engaging academic institutions as players and connectors in the real-world challenges of addressing climate change and biodiversity loss, there is little time to waste.
Strategic competence for multistep fraction word problems: an overlooked aspect of mathematical knowledge for teaching
Authors: Copur-Gencturk Yasemin , Doleck Tenzin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrior work on teachers’ mathematical knowledge has contributed to our understanding of the important role of teachers’ knowledge in teaching and learning. However, one aspect of teachers’ mathematical knowledge has received little attention:strategic competence for word problems.Adapting from one of the most comprehensive characterizations of mathematics learning (NRC, 2001), we argue that teachers’ mathematical knowledge also includes strategic competence, which consists ofdevising a valid solution strategy,mathematizing the problem(i.e., choosing particular strategies and presentations to translate the word problem into mathematical expressions), andarriving at a correct answer(executing a solution) for a word problem. By examining the responses of 350 fourth- and fifth-grade teachers in the USA to four multistep fraction word problems, we were able to explore manifestations of teachers’ strategic competence for word problems. Findings indicate that teachers’ strategic competence was closely related to whether they devised a valid strategy. Further, how teachers dealt with known and unknown quantities in their mathematization of word problems was an important indicator of their strategic competence. Teachers with strong strategic competence used algebraic notations or pictorial representations and dealt with unknown quantities more frequently in their solution methods than did teachers with weak strategic competence. The results of this study provide evidence for the critical nature of strategic competence as another dimension needed to understand and describe teachers’ mathematical knowledge.
Bog plant/lichen tissue nitrogen and sulfur concentrations as indicators of emissions from oil sands development in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Wieder R. Kelman , Vile Melanie A. , Scott Kimberli D. , Albright Cara M. , Quinn James C. , Vitt Dale H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncreasing gaseous emissions of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) associated with oil sands development in northern Alberta (Canada) has led to changing regional wet and dry N and S deposition regimes. We assessed the potential for using bog plant/lichen tissue chemistry (N and S concentrations, C:N and C:S ratios, in 10 plant/lichen species) to monitor changing atmospheric N and S deposition through sampling at five bog sites, 3–6 times per growing season from 2009 to 2016. During this 8-year period, oil sands N emissions steadily increased, while S emissions steadily decreased. We examined the following: (1) whether each species showed changes in tissue chemistry with increasing distance from the Syncrude and Suncor upgrader stacks (the two largest point sources of N and S emissions); (2) whether tissue chemistry changed over the 8 year period in ways that were consistent with increasing N and decreasing S emissions from oil sands facilities; and (3) whether tissue chemistry was correlated with growing season wet deposition of NH4+-N, NO3−-N, or SO42−-S. Based on these criteria, the best biomonitors of a changing N deposition regime were Evernia mesomorpha, Sphagnum fuscum, and Vaccinium oxycoccos. The best biomonitors of a changing S deposition regime were Evernia mesomorpha, Cladonia mitis, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Vaccinium oxycoccos, and Picea mariana. Changing N and S deposition regimes in the oil sands region appear to be influencing N and S cycling in what once were pristine ombrotrophic bogs, to the extent that these bogs may effectively monitor future spatial and temporal patterns of deposition.
Ethical implications of digital infrastructures for pluralistic perspectives
Authors: Israel Maria Joseph , Amer Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt is important to design digital infrastructure that can better accommodate multicultural and pluralistic views from its foundations. It is insufficient to look at only the responses and influences of culture on technology without considering how the technology can be adapted in anticipation of, and to support, pluralistic multicultural perspectives in its original design. This goes beyond the simple act of supporting multiple languages and interfaces, but should include the ability of digital and data infrastructure to capture and accommodate pluralistic views, supporting multiple perspectives in the representation and processing of the data itself. In this work, we look at how rethinking the representation of data can allow us to more directly tackle domains that are typically hampered due to intercultural differences, and their inevitable losses in translation, particularly losses of valuable information like context and intention. When we refer to a loss of context and intention, we are referring to the loss of semantic information when practices such as referencing and citation are hard-coded to a particular set of cultural norms. We show that it is possible to expand the way in which we track referential data to capture richer semantic information regarding the contexts and intentions of the creators of this data, and thereby better serve the varied needs of those who consume, study, and refer to such data. We demonstrate this concept through a prototype system for a multicultural digital infrastructure, which we have namedMultiVerse, and discuss its ethical implications from the perspectives of ‘multistability’, Intercultural Information Ethics framework, and poststructuralism.
Academics’ perceptions of what it means to be both a parent and an academic: perspectives from an English university
Authors: Rosewell Kayleigh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article explores male and female academics’ perceptions of what it means to be both a parent and an academic and the relations between them. Based on an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of interviews with 35 academics from a university in England, findings suggest that the way in which academics experience being both a parent and an academic depends upon how they understand the meaning of each of these two roles and what they are trying to achieve within them. These meanings and experiences also appear to differ by gender. Ways in which higher education can offer more targeted and specific support to academic mothers in particular are discussed.