bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON THE QUESTION OF THE CONCEPT OF “KNOW-HOW”
Authors: Kipriyanov Vladislav 
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the history of the term “know-how”. The article describes the legislative definition of the concept of “know-how” in various states. It is concluded that the category of “know-how” on an international scale has ceased to be considered as an alternative exclusively to patent protection of technical solutions and has been transformed into a special object of commodity turnover, which covers various types of information (technical knowledge, experience, skills) essential for a certain field of knowledge, which, taking into account the development and formation of the information society, seems quite natural.
COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE SYSTEM OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL REGULATION
Authors: Komilzhonov Rafael' 
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of constitutional and legal regulation of the institution of the Commissioner for Human Rights in Russia and some foreign countries. It is noted that the status of the Ombudsman is defined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation in the most general terms and needs to be clarified. The author of the article suggests considering the introduction of legal liability for officials who do not comply with the decisions of the Commissioner for Human Rights, hinder his activities or clearly violate the rights and freedoms of a person and citizen.
DEBATABLE ASPECTS OF THE DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF “NATURAL MONOPOLIES” IN THE LEGAL FIELD
Authors: Kukharenko Vladislav 
Published: May 2021

The article reveals the theoretical problems of defining the concept of “natural monopolies”, based on a comparison of economic and legal approaches to the interpretation of the analyzed category, and reveals its inconsistent understanding in the current legislation of the Russian Federation. In the article, by means of a detailed analysis of the provisions of Laws No. 135-FZ and No. 147-FZ, the illegality of attributing the legislation on natural monopolies to the antimonopoly legislation is determined. On the basis of the obtained data, the legal meaning of the concept of “natural monopolies” is formulated, which can contribute to the modernization of the system of their functioning, increase the efficiency of work, and improve the current legislation.
theoretical and legal analysis of the position of the prosecutor’s office in the system of separation of powers
Authors: Topilin Vladislav , Fedorov Roman 
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of the legal status of the prosecutor’s office in the system of separation of powers. In the study, the author uses grammatical (philological, linguistic) logical, systematic and other methods of scientific knowledge. The author proposes to separate the prosecutor’s office into a separate (supervisory) branch of government, which will not belong to either the executive branch or the judicial branch, as a result of which the state will receive an independent state structure that will be able to exercise its supervisory functions independently of anyone, which will allow for better and faster suppression of possible violations by any branch of government, as well as improve the work of the state apparatus as a whole.
1917: SEARCH FOR A NEW MODEL OF THE STATE AND PREPARATION OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
Authors: Yushina Sofia 
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the author presents a very personal, but well-founded vision of the causes of the revolutionary events in Russia in 1917, the inability of the then elites to resolve the existing socio-economic problems, and the idea of the Constituent Assembly as an institution that could play a key role in solving the pressing issues of state-building in this difficult time.
OUTCOME BASED LEARNING: A PANACEA FOR QUALITY EDUCATION
Authors: Thote Prashant , S Gowri 
Published: May 2021

The curriculum framework asserts learner to debate, dissent form individual opinion on ideas, systems, practices by nurturing skills to think and reason independently. Participatory learning activity is envisioned as a process whereby learners construct concept through assimilation, absorption, interaction and reflection. In the present paper experiential learning activity are designed to ensure that the students are encouraged to seek out knowledge from their hands-on activity than the text book in their own experiences. In the present paper attempt is made to investigate the impact of conventional method of teaching and experiential learning activities on attainment of knowledge and retention of knowledge in learning redox reaction. Data is collected by using pre-test, post-test and retention test. Instrument is validated by experts. Stratified random method is applied to draw the sample. Totally 50 students participate in the study. Sample is separated into two: control and the study group. Control group is exposed to the conventional chalk and talk method while the students from the study group are exposed to Experiential Learning Activities. The result of the study reveals that there is noteworthy difference in the mean score in learning redox reaction in the scores of pre-test, post-test and retention test between the study group and the control group.
Pengembangan Back End Berbasis REST API pada Sistem E-Partisipasi dan E-Inisiatif Patriot Pangan
Authors: Firdaus Adam , Apriana Ramadhan Dean 
Published: May 2021

Kelaparan yang terjadi di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 termasuk ke dalam kategori serius. Sistem Kerawanan Pangan dan Gizi yang dimiliki oleh Badan Kerawanan Pangan masih belum cukup cepat untuk mendeteksi kerawanan pangan yang terjadi di masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, dibuatlah sebuah sistem deteksi dini kerawanan pangan bernama Patriot Pangan. Sistem ini mengandalkan partisipasi aktif dari masyarakat untuk melaporkan kondisi keluarga rawan pangan. Pengembangan sistem ini dilakukan secara tim dengan menggunakan metode pengembangan Scrum dengan total sprint sebanyak lima kali. Setiap sprint dilakukan selama dua minggu. Artefak yang digunakan meliputi product backlog, sprint backlog, use case diagram, dan class diagram. Penelitian ini telah berhasil mengembangkan back end yang berbasis REST API dengan bahasa pemrograman javascript dan framework Express.js. API menerima masukan dan memberikan keluaran dalam bentuk Javascript Object Notation. API yang dibuat kemudian digunakan oleh aplikasi E-Partisipasi, E-Inisiatif, dan web patriot pangan. Aplikasi E-Partisipasi berfokus pada pembuatan laporan kerawanan pangan yang kemudian dikumpulkan dan dibuat agregasi kerawanan pangan setiap bulan. Aplikasi E-Inisiatif berfokus pada proses campaign dan pengumpulan donasi berupa uang dan barang. Sedangkan web patriot pangan digunakan oleh administrator patriot pangan untuk mengontrol seluruh sistem dan menampilkan hasil agregasi kerawanan pangan.
Kata Kunci: back end, kerawanan pangan, REST API, scrum, sistem informasi.
Pengembangan Sistem Pengaturan Larutan Nutrisi Otomatis Pada Budidaya Kentang Aeroponik
Authors: Wulandari  , Neng Wina Sumiar  
Published: May 2021

Penerapan teknik aeroponik pada budidaya kentang dapat menjadi salah satu metode alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi keterbatasan lahan. Selain itu, teknik ini juga dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman tersebut. Akan tetapi, pemberian nutrisi dan proses penyiraman pada teknik ini masih dilakukan secara manual. Teknik yang digunakan saat ini yaitu pengontrolan nutrisi menggunakan alat ukur yang memerlukan sumber daya manusia. Salah satu tantangan dalam budidaya ini yaitu perlunya pemantauan dan pengaturan nutrisi yang optimal. Wadah aeroponik perlu dipantau secara berkala dan berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, dikembangkan sistem otomatisasi pengaturan larutan nutrisi pada budidaya kentang secara aeroponik. Sistem otomatisasi ini diharapkan dapat menciptakan kondisi ideal bagi tanaman, karena alat tersebut mampu mengatur kadar larutan nutrisi yang optimal. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, sensor Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mampu mengukur kadar larutan nutrisi campuran dengan akurasi 98.28%. Selain itu, sensor ultrasonik mampu membaca ketinggian air sesuai dengan jarak yang sesungguhnya pada semua pengujian yang dilakukan. Aktuator pergerakan sensor TDS bekerja sesuai dengan skenario yang dikembangkan. Pergerakan tersebut ditujukan untuk memperpanjang usia guna dari sensor yang digunakan. Aktuator bergerak turun ke arah larutan nutrisi ketika jam sistem benilai genap dan bergerak ke atas ketika jam sistem bernilai ganjil. Secara keseluruhan, sistem dapat bekerja dengan baik sesuai dengan rancangan yang dibuat.
Kata Kunci: aeroponik, kentang, sistem otomatis, sensor, TDS, ultrasonik
TÜRKİYE’DE EĞİTİMLİ KADINLARIN İSTİHDAMA VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜMEYE ETKİSİ
Authors: YALÇINKAYA Hakan , DİLBER Tanay 
Published: May 2021

Kadınların işgücüne piyasasında olması hem ekonomik kalkınmayı hem de sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyümeyi etkilemektedir. Böylece çalışarak gelir elde etmeye başlayan kadınların sosyal ve ekonomik özgürlükleri de artmaktadır. Ancak bu amaçla Türkiye’de kadınların işgücüne katılımını arttırmak amacıyla çeşitli yasal düzenlemeler ve projeler yürütülse de istenilen yere ulaşılamamıştır. Ülkemizde çalışan kadınların işgücüne katılım oranı OECD ülkelerine göre oldukça geride kalmaktadır. Bu durumun başlıca sebepleri arasında Türkiye’de cinsiyet temelli bakış açısının kısmen hakim olması, kadının asıl görevinin çocuk bakımı olarak görülmesi ve iş için gerekli eğitim seviyelerinin çok yeterli olmamasıdır.
Bu çalışmada 1988-2019 yılları arasında kadın istihdamın ve kadın yüksek okullaşma oranının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Ekonometrik analiz olarak Zaman Serisi Analizi yapılmıştır. İlk olarak durağanlık analizi yapılmıştır. Daha sonra birim kök testlerine ek olarak değişkenlere yapısal kırılmalı birim kök testi uygulanmıştır. VAR model için uygun gecikme uzunluğunun belirlenmesinin ardından Granger Nedensellik testi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre istihdam edilen kadın sayısından, GSYİH’ya tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi, kadın yüksek okullaşma oranından, istihdam eden kadın sayısına ise çift yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmuştur.
ANALISIS MATEMATIS PENGELASAN GREY CAST IRON MENGGUNAKAN PROSES GTAW DENGAN DAN TANPA PREHEAT
Authors: Risanti Doty Dewi 
Published: May 2021

Pemberian pemanasan awal pada proses pengelasan memberikan efek pengurangan tegangan, distorsi, retakan dan kekerasan pada daerah Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) dengan memperlambat laju pendinginan. Distribusi temperatur saat pengelasan didekati dengan menggunakan persamaan analitik Rosenthal pada logam grey cast iron. Grey cast iron termasuk sulit untuk dilas dan memerlukan perlakuan khusus. Pada penelitian ini, perhitungan distribusi temperatur dan laju pendinginan dibandingkan dengan struktur mikro dan kekerasan untuk grey cast iron yang dilas dengan menggunakan Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). Persamaan Rosenthal dengan solusi Bessel hanya cocok untuk distribusi temperatur pada daerah lelehan, sedangkan solusi quasi steady state dapat digunakan untuk prediksi distribusi temperatur arah lateral dan transversal pada logam lasan. Preheating pada suhu 315 berpengaruh pada lebar HAZ yang dihasilkan menurut persamaan eksponensial terhadap travel speed, memperlambat laju pendinginan dan menurunkan kekerasan karena berkurangnya carbon equivalent (CE). Struktur mikro HAZ pada grey cast iron yang diberi preheating menunjukkan dominasi martensit nikel dan eutektik ledeburit, sedangkan tanpa preheating menghasilkan struktur mikro didominasi oleh eutektik ledeburit dan besi karbida dalam white iron.
The Indonesian Constitution Read with German Eyes
Authors: Küpper Herbert 
Published: May 2021

The Indonesian Constitution offers many interesting insights to a German constitutional scholar. The most striking feature is the balance between the unitarian state and the natural diversity of Indonesia. In Germany, the state architecture reflects regional diversity in its federal framework, whereas Indonesia combines the unitarian state with various decentralising elements. This balance between unitarianism and regional diversity is probably the most conspicuous feature of the Indonesian Constitution and appears to be a suitable compromise between the conflicting aims of stabilising the state and the nation on the one hand and accommodating the geographic, demographic and cultural differences within the country on the other. Another striking feature is the presidential system, which is quite the opposite of the parliamentary system of the German Constitution. Other points that, from the perspective of German constitutional law, invite comparison are the constitutional provisions about the legal system,Indonesia’s constitutional monotheism, which is quite the opposite of the German idea of the state being strictly neutral in religious affairs, and human rights.
Review of collective teacher efficacy research: Implications for teacher development, school administrators and education researchers
Authors: Moosa Visal 
Published: May 2021

Out of around two hundred different variables that are known to have some relation with student achievement, Collective Teacher Efficacy (CTE) was reported to be among the most influential. Hence, CTE has received attention of many researchers as a topic investigation. The purpose of the present review is two-fold; (a) to present an overview of research on CTE, and (b) to draw some implications and suggest some recommendations for teacher development, school administration and further research on the topic. This paper engaged the methodology of systematic literature review to collect data from Google Scholar database. Sixty-six sources were employed in the review. During the analysis, the reviewed papers were sorted into categories and themes based on their major focus. The results revealed four major factors that influence CTE; (i) principle’s leadership, (ii) teacher professional learning, (iii) teachers’ self-efficacy, and (iv) organisational factors. Furthermore, it was also found that CTE has a significant impact on (i) student learning, and (ii) teacher learning. The findings imply that (i) teacher development should providing avenues to improve teacher efficacy, (ii) school administrators need to focus on what might enhance teacher learning in school in order to foster positive CTE beliefs, and (ii) further research is needed in investigating the indirect link CTE has with leadership and relational/structural conditions in schools. Learning process as essential components of distance learning (synchronous or asynchronous).
Burnout em profissionais de Serviço Social durante a pandemia de COVID
Authors: Mendes José , Cabral Hélia , Melo Flávia 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo visa avaliar a prevalência de burnout em assistentes sociais a exercer funções em Portugal durante a pandemia do SARS-CoV-2. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal realizado entre o mês de novembro de 2020 e março de 2021, onde 416 assistentes sociais, distribuídos por 20 concelhos de Portugal Continental e Ilhas, responderam a um breve questionário sociodemográfico e ao Inventário de Burnout de Maslach. Resultados: A maioria dos assistentes sociais que participaram no estudo eram mulheres (96,3%). Verificou-se que 54,7% desempenhava a sua atividade em serviço social há mais de 11 anos, e 43,8% eram gestores/responsáveis por mais de 60 processos. No geral, não se verificou burnout nos participantes. Apesar de 82,3% dos participantes apresentar resultados que indicaram Realização Pessoal, é visível que alguns participantes também apresentaram Exaustão Emocional (45,1%). Os participantes que executaram horas extra e os participantes com maior número de processos, apresentaram níveis mais altos de Exaustão emocional e de Despersonalização. Os participantes com menos anos de atividade em serviço social foram os que apresentaram níveis mais altos na dimensão de Realização Pessoal. Conclusões: Os participantes do estudo não evidenciam burnout. No entanto, apesar de grande maioria apresentar revelarem níveis mais altos de Realização Pessoal, uma percentagem considerável revela também níveis mais altos de Exaustão Emocional. Estudos futuros devem avaliar padrões biológicos, tais como níveis de cortisol.
The Lost Meridian of the ’Aha Makhav
Authors: Weber Joe 
Published: May 2021

Le système d’arpentage Public Land Survey a été instauré en 1785 afin que soit établi rapidement le levé du vaste domaine des terres publiques des États-Unis. Il en est résulté un schéma familier de townships de six milles de côté, subdivisés en sections, avec une grille caractéristique délimitant les propriétés foncières, que l’on retrouve sur la plus grande partie du territoire du Midwest et de l’Ouest américain. À mesure que le système se déploie, l’arpentage de nouveaux lieux nécessite le choix de nouveaux méridiens de référence. Un ensemble de 31 de ces méridiens apparaissent sur d’innombrables cartes. L’auteur montre que l’historique coutumier du déploiement de l’arpentage ne tient pas compte de son rapport avec les Amérindiens et particulièrement les réserves indiennes. Il existait essentiellement deux séries de levés, l’une pour les Blancs et l’autre pour les Amérindiens. Cette dernière était beaucoup plus modeste et est pratiquement disparue. En 1875, un méridien a été choisi pour délimiter la réserve indienne du fleuve Colorado en Arizona. Le méridien du fleuve Colorado a tenu pendant 38 ans avant d’être gommé par un nouvel arpentage. La suppression de ce méridien est attribuable au stratagème d’une société minière pour mettre la main sur des richesses minières convoitées ; la société a conspiré avec les fonctionnaires du ministère du Department of the Interior pour obtenir l’aval du président Wilson. Il en reste peu de vestiges aujourd’hui.
Posterior spinal artery aneurysm as an unlikely culprit for perimesencephalic pattern subarachnoid hemorrhage: illustrative case
Authors: Malhotra Armaan K. , Ku Jerry C. , Pereira Vitor M. , Radovanovic Ivan 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
Angiogram-negative nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can be diagnostically challenging, and a broad differential diagnosis must be considered. Particular attention to initial radiographic hemorrhage distribution is essential to guide adjunctive investigations. Posterior spinal artery aneurysms are rare clinical entities with few reported cases in the literature. An understanding of isolated spinal artery aneurysm natural history, diagnosis, and management is evolving as more cases are identified.

OBSERVATIONS
Isolated thoracic posterior spinal artery aneurysm can be the culprit lesion in perimesencephalic distribution SAH. Embolization resulted in complete aneurysm occlusion and did not result in periprocedural morbidity. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient was neurologically intact with no recurrence on magnetic resonance angiography.

LESSONS
This case report highlighted the presentation, diagnostic workup, clinical decision-making, and endovascular intervention for a woman who presented with SAH secondary to posterior spinal artery aneurysm. After initially negative results on vascular imaging, dedicated spinal vascular imaging revealed the location of the aneurysm. Multiple treatment modalities exist for isolated spinal artery aneurysms and must be selected on the basis of patient- and lesion-specific characteristics.
Cavum trigeminale cephalocele associated with intracranial hypertension in an 18-month-old child: illustrative case
Authors: Miccoli Giovanni , Cicala Domenico , Spennato Pietro , Imperato Alessia , Ruggiero Claudio , Cinalli Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
Cavum trigeminale cephaloceles (CTCs) are characterized by a cystic appearance and extension of the posterolateral aspect of Meckel’s cave into the superomedial portion of the petrous apex. A possible mechanism is a transient or sustained increase of intracranial pressure transmitted to Meckel’s cave, leading to its secondary herniation, in the presence of predisposing local factors. The majority of CTCs are incidental findings. Among symptomatic cases, headache, trigeminal neuralgia, cerebrospinal fluid leak, vertigo, ataxia, facial numbness, hearing loss, diplopia, and other visual disturbances have been described.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors describe a case of an 18-month-old male patient referred to their hospital with drowsiness, vomiting, left cranial nerve VI palsy, and papilledema. Neuroradiological investigation revealed the presence of a CTC with a swollen aspect of the left pontine hemisection and indirect signs of intracranial hypertension. The patient was managed with implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

LESSONS
CTCs are rare lesions that are difficult to recognize on neuroimaging, in which they can be mistaken for tumoral or inflammatory lesions. The most frequent asymptomatic forms should be considered as “leave-me-alone” lesions. In cases of intracranial hypertension, according to a supposed theory on the origin of CTCs, the authors recommend treating only the intracranial hypertension instead of performing more invasive surgical procedures, especially in pediatric patients.
Intraoperative ventricular volume restoration by intraventricular Ringer solution injection in a normal-pressure hydrocephalus patient with traumatic bilateral acute subdural hematoma and ventricular system collapse caused by cerebrospinal fluid shunt overdrainage: illustrative case
Authors: Sila Dalibor , Morsi Karim , Lenski Markus , Rath Stefan 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
The authors report a case of a patient with normal-pressure hydrocephalus treated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt who developed a traumatic hemispheric bilateral acute subdural hematoma caused by quick cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) overdrainage. The authors present active ventricular CSF volume restoration as a novel treatment option. CSF overdrainage in patients with shunts may facilitate acute subdural hematoma formation even in cases of minor head trauma. Therapeutic options include CSF shunt function restriction or ligation, hematoma evacuation, or a combination of both.

OBSERVATIONS
In this case, the authors performed emergency surgery with hematoma evacuation through a bilateral craniotomy and actively restored the volume of the ventricular system with a slow intraventricular injection of 37°C warmed Ringer solution through a shunt burr hole reservoir.

LESSONS
In addition to hematoma evacuation and restriction of shunt function, the intraoperative restoration of ventricular volume could be a treatment option to prevent postoperative rebleeding or a space-occupying air collection in the subdural space. The risk of possible complications, such as ventricular or parenchymal bleeding, shunt dysfunction, or infections, requires further investigation. Restoration of the ventricular CSF volume by intraventricular injection of Ringer solution was in this case an efficient treatment method to prevent subdural rebleeding and a space-occupying air collection after subdural hematoma evacuation.