bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic analysis on ORC by using various refrigerants and refrigerant blends at various operating conditions
Authors: Singh Jay Pratap , Kaman M D Kathir , Singh Sarthak , Puhan Somal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study primarily focuses on Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems and their applications in low temperature waste heat recovery. With the harmful effects of CO2 coming to light and the ever increasing prices of fossil fuels, the importance of low grade heat recovery has grown significantly in the past few years. Several ORC solutions have been proposed to generate electricity from low temperature sources. The ORC systems discussed in this study have applications in various fields such as small-scale cogeneration solar thermal system, exhaust gases from the engine, domestic boilers, etc.
This piece of work presents a thermodynamic analysis for the use of ORC systems to utilize exergy energy or low grade energy to generate power. The working fluids used in this analysis are R12, R113, R134a, R141b, R245ca, and R245fa with pressures ranging from 5 kPa to 1.005 MPa. Here, both the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics have been analyzed by varying system independent parameters at various reference pressures. This paper aims at picking out the most suitable working fluid for the Organic Rankine Cycle among the ones mentioned.
Improvement in performance and combustion of CRDI engine with simarouba blended fuel as alternative fuel
Authors: Raj V. Mathan , Manoj Akshay 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the benefits of addition of 1-pentanol and benzyl alcohol, which are classified as aliphatic and aromatic type alcohols respectively based on the position of hydroxyl group, to a blend of Siarouba glauca and diesel (B20) in minor quantities. This was later tested under various load conditions to study the performance, emission, and combustion on a CRDI engine. Literature is cited to show that the poor performance of B20 can be enhanced substantially by the addition of 1-pentanol (P) and benzyl alcohol (Bn). Each sample of fuel was prepared by 5% concentration by volume addition of 1-pentanol and benzyl alcohol. The tests were conducted on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, and constant speed CRDI engine and compared with the results from which diesel was used as a fuel. Break thermal (BT) efficiency is found to be a considerable 9.08% and 5.5% more in 5%pentanol and 5% Benzyl Alcohol fuel blends respectively than that of diesel. While comparing brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) it was found that diesel has a noticeable 24.32% more consumption rate than both the fuel types. The emission rate of CO was found to be 81.25% and 81.33% less with 5%pentanol and 5% Benzyl Alcohol fuel blends than that of diesel. Diesel also released .5714 and .2698 times more Hydrocarbon(HC) compared to 5%pentanol and 5% Benzyl Alcohol respectively. However, NOx emissions were higher in both 5%pentanol and 5% Benzyl Alcohol. These benefits are documented by comparing each fuel in different load conditions and are represented graphically.
Experimental study on addition of Steel Fibres in Conventional Concrete
Authors: More D Florence , Selvan S Senthil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is a composite material which consists of constituents of conventional concrete along with the addition of fibres. The two major classifications of fibres are natural and artificial fibres. The main purpose of use of fibres in concrete is to arrest the formation and propagation of cracks in concrete. The purpose of this study is to compare the mechanical properties of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete with the Conventional Concrete. Steel fibres with four different percentages such as 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% were added to the concrete. Three different grades of concrete such as M40, M50, M60 were experimented in this study. Compressive strengths of cube specimens were calculated for these dosages with a curing period of 14 and 28 days. Optimization of the SFRC was done through the Compressive strength test results. It was observed that fibre dosage of 1.5% showed maximum values when compared with other percentages. With the optimized percentage of Steel Fibre, split tensile strength test was carried out. It was observed that the addition of steel fibres in concrete improved the compressive strength and split tensile strength of steel fibre reinforced concrete. At 28 days of curing with the addition of 1.5% of fibres, the compressive strengths of M40, M50 and M60 grades of concrete increased by 14.6%, 13.7% and 11.8% respectively compared with conventional concrete. Similarly, at 28 days of curing with the addition of 1.5% of fibres, the split tensile strengths of M40, M50 and M60 grades of concrete increased by 7.66%, 8.59% and 9.23% respectively compared with conventional concrete. In addition, a microstructural analysis was done to determine the material characterisation through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD).
Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Sediment for Thamiraparani River, India
Authors: Reymond D Justus , Sudalaimuthu Karuppasamy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An investigation of sediment characterization was led along a stretch of the Thamiraparani Stream, Tamilnadu, India, during September, 2020 to assess the effect of anthropogenic actions. Ten locations were chosen from Authoor to Punnakayal for the examination. Sediments were analysed with ICP-OES instrument. From the obtained results (stated in mg/kg of dry weight) revealed that Fe wide-ranging from 1623.95 to 53003.83, Pb ranged between 0.02 to 0.3, Zn varies from 0.2 to 2.08, Cu from 0.02 to 0.83, Ni from 0.41 to 2.8, and Mn from 2.01 to 17.39. Assessed Pollution Load Index (PLI) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) discovered the sediments at all places were almost not affected by metallic element. The obtained results were compared with heavy metal Guidelines for Sediments (EPA).
Solution of fully Fuzzy Linear Fractional Programming Problem-A Simple Approach
Authors: Loganathan T. , Ganesan K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss fully fuzzy linear fractional programming (FFLFP) problems under fuzzy nature with triangular fuzzy numbers. We recommend a simple method for the solution of FFLFP problems which preserves the fuzzy nature of the problem. The efficiency of the method proposed is illustrated with an example.
A Novel vision based embedded framework system to detect and track dynamic vehicles
Authors: Suryakala Vasanthadev , Rajalakshmi T. , Kolangiammal S. , Agarwal Harshit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A vehicle tracking system is a smart device installed in vehicles to detect and track the moving vehicle. In the emerging world the number of vehicles on road has been increasing globally. Intelligent transport system has been explored better to make an efficient transport system and also for traffic arrangements. Hence there is a need for a system that tracks the vehicle and provide assistance to the driver. The study aims at developing a novel embedded driver assistance framework that could analyze the dynamics of vehicle in the front and rear surround views. In the proposed study, to detect and track the moving vehicles Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and Kalman filter is implemented thereby critical safety to the vehicles is enabled by calculating the distance along with the directions. The developed prototype contains 4 cameras each equipped with an embedded processor. In order for the system to run at a near real time pace, optimized vision-based techniques are used that detect vehicles that are near-by. The only modality used for sensing are the camera sensors which analyze the surroundings of the ego or the host vehicle. Object detection by GMM technique proves to be more accurate and reliable in light traffic conditions and during day time whereas during night time the detection technique is not that accurate. Hence the developed prototype includes ultrasonic sensors that calculates the distance between the objects by sound wave. Further the developed detection system is validated by analyzing Receiver Operating Characteristics. Thus vision based embedded computing framework proves to be more efficient method for tracking objects.
Desiccant materials for the production of water from humid air with the help of concentrated solar power
Authors: Das Avipsita , Thirunavukkarasu V , Cheralathan M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Water is one such element that the human being cannot live without. In the last couple of decades due to global warming and unprecedented weather changes water has become scarce. Transportation of water to villages and desert areas cost a fortune and is not practical. In this study, water has been extracted from various desiccant materials while also employing the help of concentrated solar power. The desiccant materials that have been used are Silica Gel, Activated Clay and Activated Alumina. Activated Clay is a mixture of different elements which can be used as a desiccant material. These desiccants tend to adsorb the water present in the atmospheric air that is around it and when regeneration occurs it is unconfined as water vapour droplets. For the present work, a Scheffler-type concentrator along with a short cylinder type receiver is used as the solar radiation heat source for the regeneration process. Solar radiation or rather beam radiation is directed at the receiver that contains the desiccant material. It is observed from the experimental study that silica crystals produced 142 ml/kg/day of water whereas activated alumina and activated clay produced 100 ml/kg/day and 48 ml/kg/day of water respectively on a clear sunny day.
Numerical Investigation on Effect of Turbulence Model Selection for Aerodynamic Prediction of Axial Flow Fan
Authors: Bharanitharan K J , Senthilkumar S , Dadhich Bhavesh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Axial fans are one of the major power consuming cooling systems in most of the devices being used in daily basis. So, it is very important to predict the aerodynamic performance of the fan design. One way of estimating the fan performance in full 3D scale is by using Computational fluid dynamics. Turbulence models plays an important role in application of CFD for Axial flow fans. It is important to choose proper turbulence model in order to get the most accurate results. In this study, a baseline model experiment was chosen and validated. Both steady and transient studies have been carried out. Steady state simulation was performed using Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes turbulence models such as Spalart Allmaras, RNG k-ε with swirl dominant flow, k-ω SST model and Transition SST model. Transient simulation is performed using RANS model such as Spalart Allmaras, Standard k-ε with standard wall function, RNG k-ε with swirl dominant flow, k-ω SST model, Detached Eddy Solver and Standard k-ω with embedded Large Eddy Solver. Both studies reveal that with coarse mesh URANS model can predict more accurate than Hybrid URANS models. Out of all the models DES showed a very good prediction in terms of pressure drop.
BER Analysis of Neural Equalizer in OFDM systems
Authors: Jaswanth V , Suryakala S. Vasanthadev , Nikil S. Kolangiammal , Dinesh Reddy G , Trived Sai G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Digital communication gives larger data capacity and best communication speed. The signal transmitted through the wireless channels in digital communication affected by nonlinearities like noise. Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) dominantly causes huge data loss. It is caused due to multipath propagation, band-limited channels noise. Equalization, a process of inducing inverse channel response to compensate the effects of ISI is used to combat these effects. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system supports high data rates and offers resistance towards the channel effect. Adding equalizer to OFDM systems make it more robust.
In real time situations the response of channel is not known in prior. So, adaptive equalizers are implemented to compensate channel effects with the help of pilot symbols which are used to estimate the channel response and equalize the signal accordingly. Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), Least Square (LS) are some of the existing algorithms used to implement the equalizers. These conventional algorithms require some statistical properties of channel which is not possible in real time scenarios. Also, Linear Transverse equalizer failed to provide satisfactory results in the case of Non Minimum Phase channel. Neural Networks is capable to perform this task and can be used as an alternative to these algorithms.
Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNN) and Deep Neural Networks (DNN) can achieve better results when compared to conventional algorithms. Here, Deep Neural Networks with Adam optimization is proposed to enhance the performance of equalization. DNN can be used in both linear and non-linear channels. Also, Adam optimization used with Back Propagation uses variable and adaptive learning rate which reduces slow convergence and increases the efficiency of neural network unlike stochastic gradient descent which uses fixed learning rate.
In this work the performance of proposed equalizer in OFDM systems is analyzed over flat and frequency selective fading of Rayleigh channels. The performance is measured in terms of Bit Error rate over SNR range -30dB to 25 dB. The results are compared with that of MMSE and it is observed that over the mentioned range of SNR the proposed equalizer achieved acceptable results and has low Bit error rate than that of MMSE in both flat and frequency selective fading channels.
An alternate method for finding an optimal solution to Mixed Type Transportation Problem under a Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Vidhya V. , Uma Maheswari P. , Ganesan K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we develop a new algorithm for the initial fuzzy basic feasible solution to a transportation problem with imprecise parameters. All the decision variables are assumed to be triangular fuzzy numbers or trapezoidal fuzzy numbers or real numbers. By applying the efficient ranking function and arithmetic operations the solution is obtained without changing it into its crisp equivalent form. Using the parametric form of fuzzy numbers such as left fuzziness index, right fuzziness index, modal value and by using a proposed algorithm we obtained the initial basic fuzzy feasible solution to the problem. We further discuss the optimality by applying the modified distribution method. A numerical example is solved to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Analysis on thermal transport properties of carbon based NFPCM in different concentrations for CTES applications
Authors: Sathishkumar A , Mrithul S , Aditya Kashyap K S , Cheralathan M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Energy crisis is one of the major problems the world is currently facing. Many researches are happening around the world to tackle the problem. Some involve in discovering new sources and some, in improving the available ones. This study belongs to the second category. This study aims to reduce the time taken to reach a certain temperature in a chiller, thereby reducing the running time of the chiller. A lower running time means lower energy requirement. This is done using Graphene based NFPCM in different concentrations. Three DI water filled balls with SDBS surfactant were mixed with 0.15 wt.%, 0.3 wt.% and 0.45 wt.% of GNP respectively. Three RTD sensors were connected to the balls at the center, 10mm from the center and 20mm from the center which were then connected to a data logger. The experiment was performed in a solidification bath into which the balls were suspended. The experiment was done at a surrounding temperature of -8°C and -9°C. The results were displayed in temperature vs time graphs. It was noted that with the increase in the grapheme content in the balls, the time that was taken to reach the temperature has been reduced.
Analyzing and Ranking Prevalent News over Social Media
Authors: Anuja S. , Senthil Kumar G. , Kulshrestha Siddharth , Budhia Parth 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Since the growth of social media, news outrage over mass through social media has become evident and its control over all information sources has increased significantly. Social media services such as twitter collects enormous amounts of information and allows media companies to publish news related information as tweets. Every other big news company has its twitter account to public news in form of tweets. Beside news social media platforms has enormous amount of news attached to them as well. To make correct and better information reach to users we have to filter noise and segregate the content based on similarity and content’s respective value. Even after filtering noise, information payload exists in data so to prioritize information must be ranked in order of considered factors. In our proposed work, news are filtered and ranked based on three factors. First, media focus (MF) which tells the temporal prevalence of a particular topic in news media. Second, user attention (UA) which tells how mass is responding to the topic. Last, is the user interaction which tells how users are forming view over the topic. Our proposed work introduces an unsupervised machine learning framework which identifies news topics prevalent in both social media and the news media, and then ranks them ordering them using their degrees of MF, UA, and UI.
BAM: A Framework for Business Analysis and Management
Authors: Shiny Angel T.S. , Senthil Kumar G. , Mesia Dhas John T , Snehalatha N. , Vijayakumar K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Online shopping is a necessary activity of day to day life. People are busier in their work culture but accommodate their commercial requirements, the only solution is online shopping. As a customer people are facing lot of problems but the major issue is searching and selecting the products. This frame work is showing a combined approach of trend, customer review and age-based selection process. The recommendation system of the proposed framework is take care about all the aspects and view items to the customers. It will reduce time and make customer happier.
Experimental Investigation of Plastic Oil Blends on CRDi Engine for Various Fuel Injection Pressures
Authors: Balaji G. , Karthik M. , Dinagaran G. , Vasanth Kumar P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Common Rail Direct Engine (CRDI) engines are used for transportation and other sectors due to their high fuel conversion efficiencies. Waste plastic pyrolysis oil can be a substitute to the depleting petroleum reserves. Plastic oils are durable and takes longer time to degrade because of stronger molecular bonds and it repel to natural processes of degradation. This investigation deals with the effect of increasing the fuel blend ratio and with increasing the fuel injection pressures on single cylinder, CRDI diesel engine using plastic oil and diesel blend. The fuel blend varies from 5:95%, 10:90% and 15:85% (Plastic pyrolysis oil and diesel) respectively with various fuel injection pressures of 400 bar, 500 bar and 600 bar. The emission, performance and combustion characteristics were evaluated and analyzed in this work. Plastic oil blends were able to operate in diesel engines without any engine modifications. The results shows the brake thermal efficiency increases with the increasing fuel injection pressure. The engine with the fuel injection pressure of 600 bar gives better brake thermal efficiency at the full load condition for the 15PDB fuel blend. Hence it was concluded that the increasing the pressure, increases the performance and decreases the emissions.
A SDFEM for Singularly Perturbed System of Convection-Diffusion Delay Differential Equations
Authors: Senthilkumar L.S. , Subburayan V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article, we consider a system of convection-diffusion equations with delay terms. When a parameter multiplying the second order derivatives in the equations is small, boundary layers as well as interior layers appear in their solutions. A numerical method based on finite element and Shishkin mesh is presented. We derive an error estimate of orderO(N−1log2N) in the energy norm with respect to the parameter using the streamline-diffusion finite element method. Numerical experiments are also presented to support our theoretical results.
Study on efficient removal of NO from CI engine exhaust gas by wet scrubbing method using NaOH solution
Authors: Premkumar S. , Balaji G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pollutants like Nitrogen oxide (NO) and Hydrocarbon (HC) exhausted from automobiles are very harmful. The scrubber method is most widely used in power plants and marine engines for emission control. In this study, the Diesel Plastic oil blend (DPB) and wet scrubber method are employed to reduce the pollutants. The scrubber treatment with NaOH (Sodium hydroxide) solution is used to reduce emissions in the Internal Combustion (IC) engine. The NO is drastically reduced. Hydrocarbon (HC) is also gradually reduced using the NaOH solution. The DPB was tested in a computerized, water-cooled, 4-stroke, single-cylinder, 5.2 kW diesel engine for analyzing its performance and emission characteristics with a scrubber. The experiments are conducted under different loading conditions (0, 1.3, 2.6, 3.9, and 5.2 kW). At 5.2 kW loading condition, the diesel engine running on DPB with scrubber reduced the NO emission up to 25% and HC emission up to 14%.
Test of the retractable guidance system installed on the level 960 m in the Leon IV shaft in Rydułtowy Coal Mine, Poland
Authors: Kamiński P , Prostański D , Dyczko A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rope guidance of the conveyances is a reliable and convenient way of guiding cages and skips in the mine shafts and it is used in numerous underground mines all over the world. However it is not popular in Polish coal mines. Most of the Polish copper and coal mines operate on multiple levels, which requires mine shafts and hoists to support more than one level. In such situation it is necessary to install some kind of chairing system on the levels, i.e. stiff guides in their vicinity. Conveyance’s movement through the stiff guides on the level requires its speed reduction, which in turn leads to lowering of the hoist’s effectiveness. To avoid such situation, retractable guidance system was introduced on the level 960 in the Leon IV shaft in Rydułtowy Coal Mine, Poland. This paper presents the idea of the retractable guidance system, as well as calculations and measurements carried out to prove that the system is safe and reliable.
Innovative Concept of Production Support System for the LW Bogdanka Mine
Authors: Dyczko A , Malec M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The research work results, presented in the article, describe a system concerning the management of a production line in the aspect of stabilization and improvement of the run-of-mine quality and maximization of economic effects. Basing on the geological deposit model, the authors concentrated on designing mining operations and on planning production parameters. Special attention was paid to a development of the mine workings design module, the mining operations scheduling module, the module for mixing and optimization from the quality point of view as well as the module for mining operations revenues and forecasts of costs. Forecasting the production quality, planning and integration of mining processes with coal preparation processes and sales are discussed in detail. The article is ended with some recommendations of general character, including quality management at the stage of mining and production planning, quality monitoring at the stage of coal mining, and its preparation. The system is oriented onto production quality forecasting and onto an integration of mining, preparation and sales planning.