bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Use of Ultrasound for Locating Optimal LVA Sites: A Descriptive Data Analysis
Authors: Mohos Balazs , Czedik-Eysenberg Manon , Steinbacher Johannes , Tinhofer Ines , Meng Stefan , Tzou Chieh-Han John 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground Preoperative mapping of lymphatic vessels for lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) surgery is frequently performed by indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography solely; however, other imaging modalities, such as ultrasound (US), might be more efficient, particularly for Caucasian patients. We present our preoperative assessment protocol, experience, and approach of using US for locating optimal LVA sites.Methods Fifty-six (16 males) lymphedema patients who underwent LVA surgery were included in this study, 5 of whom received two LVA operations. In total, 61 LVA procedures with 233 dissected lymphatic vessels were evaluated. Preoperative US was performed by the author S.M. 2 days before intraoperative ICG lymphography. Fluid-predominant lymphedema regions were scanned more profoundly. Skin incisions followed preoperative US and ICG lymphography markings. Detection of lymphatic vessels was compared between ICG lymphography and the US by using the intraoperative verification under the microscope with 20 to 50x magnification as the reference standard.Results Among the dissected lymphatic vessels, 83.3% could be localized by US, and 70% were detectable exclusively by it. In all, 7.2% of US-detected lymphatic vessels could not be found and verified intraoperatively. Among the lymphatic vessels found by US, only 16% were apparent with ICG before skin incision. In total, 23.2% of the dissected lymphatic vessels could be visualized with ICG lymphography preoperatively. Only 9.9% of the lymphatic vessels could be found by ICG alone.Conclusion High-frequency US mapping accurately finds functional lymphatic vessels and matching veins. It locates fluid-predominant regions for targeted LVA surgeries. It reveals 3.6 times as many lymphatic vessels as ICG lymphography. In our practice, it has an integral role in planning LVA procedures.
Estimation of Hemi-Abdominal-Based Free Flap Weight Using Two Computed Tomography-Derived Measurements
Authors: Greige Nicolas , Liu Bryce , Nash David , Weichman Katie E. , Ricci Joseph A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Accurate flap weight estimation is crucial for preoperative planning in microsurgical breast reconstruction; however, current flap weight estimation methods are time consuming. It was our objective to develop a parsimonious and accurate formula for the estimation of abdominal-based free flap weight.
Methods Patients who underwent hemi-abdominal-based free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Subcutaneous tissue thicknesses were measured on axial computed tomography angiograms at several predetermined points. Multivariable linear regression was used to generate the parsimonious flap weight estimation model. Split-sample validation was used to for internal validation.
Results A total of 132 patients (196 flaps) were analyzed, with a mean body mass index of 31.2 ± 4.0 kg/m2 (range: 22.6–40.7). The mean intraoperative flap weight was 990 ± 344 g (range: 368–2,808). The full predictive model (R
2 = 0.68) estimated flap weight using the Eq. 91.3x + 36.4y + 6.2z – 1030.0, where x is subcutaneous tissue thickness (cm) 5 cm lateral to midline at the level of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), y is distance (cm) between the skin overlying each ASIS, and z is patient weight (kg). Two-thirds split-sample validation was performed using 131 flaps to build a model and the remaining 65 flaps for validation. Upon validation, we observed a median percent error of 10.2% (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.5–18.5) and a median absolute error of 108.6 g (IQR: 45.9–170.7).
Conclusion We developed and internally validated a simple and accurate formula for the preoperative estimation of hemi-abdominal-based free flap weight for breast reconstruction.
Final report on supplementary comparison COOMET.PR-S7: Laser power responsivity (COOMET 599/RU/13)
Authors: Moskalyuk Sergey A , Liberman Anatoly A , Hadler Joshua , Williams Paul 
Published: November 2021

Main text
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA and the All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements (VNIIOFI), Russia agreed in February 2013 to conduct a comparison on the laser power responsivity at wavelengths of 532 nm, 1.064 μm and 10.6 μm. The aim of this comparison is to assess the equivalence of the laser power responsivity between two laboratories. The comparison was conducted within the COOMET regional metrological organization (COOMET 599/RU/13) and was registered in the BIPM Key Comparison DataBase as a supplementary comparison with the identifier COOMET.PR-S7. The comparison was carried out using one detector head for measuring laser power. The detector head was supplied by VNIIOFI (OPHIR 10A). The results of this comparison essentially demonstrated agreement between the results obtained at the two participating laboratories.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Observations of a falling ladder
Authors: Cross Rod 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Experimental measurements are presented on a falling ladder, supported at the top end by a vertical wall and at the bottom end by a horizontal floor. The results are compared with theoretical calculations assuming different coefficients of sliding friction with the wall and the floor. The coefficients were measured independently by allowing the ladder to fall on each surface without support at the top end. The problem can be simplified for students using approximate solutions, and is closely analogous to the case of a rod or pencil that falls from a near vertical position without a restraining wall.
C-doping anisotropy effects on borophene electronic transport
Authors: Cabral Tadeu Luiz Gomes , de Miranda Lucas Thiago Siqueira , de Melo Rodrigues Debora Carvalho , de Souza Fábio A L , Scopel Wanderlã L , Amorim Rodrigo G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The electronic transport anisotropy for different C-doped borophene polymorphs (β
12 and χ
3) was investigated theoretically combining density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green’s function. The energetic stability analysis reveals that B atoms replaced by C is more energetically favorable for χ
3 phase. We also verify a directional character of the electronic band structure on C-doped borophene for both phases. Simulated scanning tunneling microscopy and also total density of charge confirm the directional character of the bonds. The zero bias transmission for β
12 phase at E − E
F = 0 shows that C-doping induces a local current confinement along the lines of doped sites. The I–V curves show that C-doping leads to an anisotropy amplification in the β
12 than in the χ
3. The possibility of confining the electronic current at an specific region of the C-doped systems, along with the different adsorption features of the doped sites, poses them as promising candidates to highly sensitive and selective gas sensors.
Optical conductivities in triple fermions with different monopole charges
Authors: Chen G , Wang C M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We investigate the linear optical conductivities of the newly-discovered triple-component semimetals. Due to the exactly flat band, the optical conductivity relates to the transition between the zero band and the conduction band directly reflecting the band structure of the conduction electrons in contrast to the other materials. For the low-energy models with various monopole charges, the diagonal conductivities show strong anisotropy. The ω-dependence of interband conductivities for a general low-energy model is deduced. The real part of the interband σ

xx
always linearly depends on the optical frequency, while the one of σ

zz
is proportional to ω
2/n−1. This can be a unique fingerprint of the monopole charge. For the lattice models, there also exists the optical anomalous Hall conductivity, where a sign change may appear. The characteristic frequencies of the kink structures are calculated, strictly. Our work will help us to establish the basic picture of linear optical response in topological triple-component semimetals and identify them from other materials.
Incrementally accumulated holographic SDP characteristic fusion method in ship propulsion shaft bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Song Xuewei , Liao Zhiqiang , Wang Hongfeng , Song Weiwei , Chen Peng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To improve the accuracy of the fault diagnosis of a ship propulsion shaft bearing in a harsh working environment, a visual diagnosis method based on the incrementally accumulated holographic symmetrical dot pattern (SDP) characteristic fusion method is proposed in this research. The current study simultaneously extracts the time- and frequency-domain characteristic parameters of a vibration signal based on the incremental accumulation method to avoid the inconspicuous difference and small discrimination generated by a single parameter. Subsequently, the extracted characteristic signals are transformed into a 2D image based on the SDP method to enhance the differences between signals. Eventually, bearing fault is diagnosed based on the similarity recognition method. Simulation and engineering experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively diagnose the ship propulsion shaft bearing fault diagnosis.
Ni/Ni3Al interface-dominated nanoindentation deformation and pop-in events
Authors: Zhou Jinjie , He Yingle , Shen Jinchuan , Essa F A , Yu Jingui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nickel-based single crystal alloys have excellent mechanical properties due to its unique two-phase structure and interface. Therefore, molecular dynamics methods were used to simulate nanoindentation and microstructural evolution. We found the indenter reaction force and hardness of the Ni3Al phase is the largest. The pop-in event in Ni3Al phase is more obvious than that in the Ni phase and Ni/Ni3Al phase. Because lots of dislocations in the Ni3Al phase break through the barrier of the interface and cut into the Ni phase, while dislocations in the Ni phase only slip inside the Ni phase. Moreover, we found that the position of the starting point of the adhesion force recovery is mainly related to the elastic recovery of the material. The stronger the elastic recovery of the phase, the smaller the depth value corresponding to the starting point of the recovery. We further studied the variation of potential energy with indentation depth and found that the change of wave trough of the load–displacement (P–h) curve is related to stacking fault energy. This study has important theoretical guiding significance for the in-depth understanding and engineering application of the mechanical properties of nickel-based single crystal alloys.
Long-term corrosion protection of styrene acrylic coatings enhanced by fluorine and nitrogen co-doped graphene oxide
Authors: An Haoran , Gao Yanan , Wang Shengyuan , Liang Shuang , Wang Xin , Li Na , Sun Zhanying , Xiao Jijun , Zhao Xiongyan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Graphene materials are widely used as a physical barrier when applying anticorrosion polymer coatings due to their large surface area and layered structure. However, the electrical conductivity of intrinsic graphene can accelerate galvanic corrosion and shorten the protection period. In this work, fluorine and nitrogen co-doped graphene oxide (FNGO) was synthesized by a hydrothermal process and acted as an anticorrosion filler in waterborne styrene acrylic coatings. Styrene acrylic coatings with 0.4 wt% FNGO showed a corrosion current density that was two orders of magnitude lower than the other samples in the potential polarization test and the largest impedance modulus in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results. The outstanding corrosion protection was attributed to the graphene acting as a physical barrier and the synergistic effect of the doped fluorine and nitrogen. In addition to the ‘labyrinth effect’ of the graphene matrix, the nitrogen atoms inserted in the graphene plane and fluorine atoms grafted on the graphene simultaneously adjusted the electrical properties of graphene, prohibiting electron transport between it and the styrene acrylic resin matrix. This result indicates that doped graphene oxide has great potential to increase the corrosion resistance of waterborne coatings.
Performance evaluation of self-healable torque transmission mechanism using phase change of low-melting-point-metal and application to robot joints
Authors: Miyake Shota , Nagahama Shunsuke , Sugano Shigeki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Self-healing properties of robots can aid in achieving a high level of motion continuity despite the absence of manual maintenance. Therefore, various studies have been conducted on self-healing materials and mechanisms to incorporate self-healing properties in robots. However, the self-healing performance of a motor rotation system, which is the power source of existing robots, has not been realized owing to the unsuitability of the self-healing method and material strength. Therefore, we propose a self-healable torque transmission mechanism using a low-melting-point metal that can be applied to transmission elements because of its strength and rigidity. Additionally, heating for self-healing can be performed without contact through induction heating. Hence, a self-healable torque transmission mechanism with a simple structure can be applied to a motor drive system where continuous rotation occurs. We evaluated the performance of the proposed mechanism experimentally by measuring the transmittable torque and the amount of energy absorbed when the torque transmission is interrupted. The results verify that the healing performance and energy absorption of the proposed mechanism remain stable, and the mechanism can heal without any performance degradation. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism was implemented in a robot to demonstrate its practical applications. It was found that this mechanism enables the robot to re-operate by self-repair even if it receives a load that can destroy the joint due to overload, and the robot’s ability to continue motion could thus be improved.
Study on interface and mechanical property of laser welding of NiTi shape memory alloy and 2A12 aluminum alloy joint with a TC4 wire
Authors: Cheng Qi , Guo Ning , Zhang Di , Fu Yunlong , Zhang Shuai , He Jinlong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
2A12 aluminum alloy had the advantages of light weight and high strength. It could be used to manufacture the skin of the hypersonic aircraft. Due to the thermal deformation of fuselage and wing under long-term thermal and mechanical load, the accuracy of flight control was reduced. The shape memory effect of NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) could be used to reduce the thermal deformation by realizing the laser welding of NiTi SMA and 2A12 aluminum alloy. According to previous studies on laser welding of NiTi SMA and TC4, the tendency to crack for the welded joints could be reduced by placing the laser beam on the side of TC4. Therefore, TC4 wire was used as the filling material. As the TC4 wire was constantly sent into the molten pool to absorb laser energy, the melting amount of NiTi SMA and 2A12 aluminum alloy were reduced. It was beneficial to reduce the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds. There were mainly the fusion zone (FZ), NiTi SMA/FZ interface, and the 2A12 aluminum alloy/FZ interface in the welded joints. With the increase of laser power, the growing distance of Ti2Ni phase also increased. In addition, the Ti-Al intermetallic compounds and the fracture load of joints firstly increased and then decreased. When the laser power was high, Ni-Al intermetallic compounds increased. This caused the decrease of fracture load of welded joints. Besides, pores caused by the burning of elements in the FZ would also weaken the fracture load of welded joints. When the laser power was 2.4 kW, more Ti-Al intermetallic compounds appeared at the interface and the maximum fracture load of welded joint was 211 N mm−1. The fracture mode was intergranular brittle fracture. The heat affected zone (HAZ) with optimal mechanical properties basically retained the shape memory effect of NiTi SMA.
Searching for a promising topological Dirac nodal-line semimetal by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Cheng Zhengwang , Hu Zhilong , Li Shaojian , Ma Xinguo , Liu Zhifeng , Wang Mei , He Jing , Zou Wei , Li Fangsen , Mao Zhiqiang , Pan Minghu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Topological semimetals, in which conduction and valence bands cross each other at either discrete points or along a closed loop with symmetry protected in the momentum space, exhibited great potential in applications of optical devices as well as heterogeneous catalysts or antiferromagnetic spintronics, especially when the crossing points/lines matches Fermi level (E
F). It is intriguing to find the ‘ideal’ topological semimetal material, in which has a band structure with Dirac band-crossing located at E
F without intersected by other extraneous bands. Here, by using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we investigate the band structure of the so-called ‘square-net’ topological material ZrGeS. The Brillouin zone (BZ) mapping shows the Fermi surface of ZrGeS is composed by a diamond-shaped nodal line loop at the center of BZ and small electron-like Fermi pockets around X point. The Dirac nodal line band-crossing located right at E
F, and shows clearly the linear Dirac band dispersions within a large energy range >1.5 eV below E
F, without intersected with other bands. The obtained Fermi velocities and effective masses along Γ–X, Γ–M and M–X high symmetry directions were 4.5–5.9 eV Å and 0–0.50 m
e, revealing an anisotropic electronic property. Our results suggest that ZrGeS, as a promising topological nodal line semimetal, could provide a promising platform to investigate the Dirac-fermions related physics and the applications of topological devising.
Structural and magnetic variations in Ba0.5Sr0.5Fe9Ce1Al2O19 hexaferrites at different sintering temperatures
Authors: Makhdoom A R , Ranjha Qasim Ali , Ghori Ubaid-ur-Rehman , Raza Muhammad Ahsan , Raza Binish , Mazhar Muhammad Ehsan , Rao Komal Ali , Ahmed Fahim , Asif Sana Ullah , Khan Muhammad Wasim , Nisa Mehrun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
M-type hexaferrites have attracted researchers due to their ordinary magnetic properties and utilization as media for magnetic recording and microwave devices. In this study, we have synthesized Ba0.5Sr0.5Fe9Ce1Al2O19 via a conventional ceramic route. The synthesized material is treated against different temperatures and investigated structurally and magnetically by using several techniques such as x-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, and VSM respectively. Morphology of samples confirms the absence of secondary phases and uniform distribution of particles. x-ray diffraction patterns confirm the formation of the pure phase of hexaferrites. Microstructural analyses show a decrease in porosity and dislocations among sintered samples. Magnetic properties for the samples show a decrease in Ms and Mr with increasing temperature from 1225 °C to 1310 °C, while coercivity shows an increase with increasing temperature and maximum coercivity is observed at 1290 °C. The trends and occurrences can be well-linked to the structural variations and sintering effects. The results suggest that material can be used in various magnetic applications such as Recording media, and memory devices.
Ten hertz bead pellet injection and laser engagement
Authors: Mori Y. , Ishii K. , Hanayama R. , Okihara S. , Kitagawa Y. , Nishimura Y. , Komeda O. , Hioki T. , Motohiro T. , Sunahara A. , Sentoku Y. , Iwamoto A. , Sakagami H. , Miura E. , Johzaki T. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A laser inertial fusion energy (IFE) reactor requires repetitive injection of fuel pellets and laser engagement to fuse fusion fuel beyond a few Hz. We demonstrate 10 Hz free-fall bead pellet injection and laser engagement with γ-ray generation. Deuterated polystyrene beads with a diameter of 1 mm were engaged by counter illuminating ultra-intense laser pulses with an intensity of 5 × 1017 W cm−2 at 10 Hz. The spatial distribution of free-fall beads was 0.86 mm in the horizontal direction and 0.18 mm in the vertical direction. The system operated for more than 5 min and 3500 beads were supplied with achieved frequencies of 2.1 Hz for illumination on the beads and 0.7 Hz for γ-ray generation; these frequencies were three times greater than with the previous 1 Hz injection system. The duration of operation was limited by the pellet supply. This injection and engagement system could be used for laser IFE research platforms.
Projection of incinerators for medical waste processing during a pandemic: a case study of COVID-19 in Jakarta Province
Authors: Aryantie M H , Widodo T , Wahyuni R , Purwanto B , Hidayat M Y 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Medical waste management due to the COVID-19 pandemic is important and urgent. An approach is needed to assess the weight of medical waste and to design appropriate waste management. The research was conducted in 2020 when the pandemic was still ongoing and had not yet reached the peak of the outbreak. Thus, the analysis was built based on assumptions and available data. The research was quantitative. Data were collected digitally (by big data retrieval and web survey) on the COVID-19 referral hospitals in Jakarta Province. The results showed that before the pandemic the weight of inpatients' medical waste was 1.57 kg/bed/day, while for COVID-19 inpatients was 1.84 kg/bed/day. The last number was processed with a limited projection of Jakarta population in 2020, then tested using two scenarios. First scenario was a pandemic condition without treatment. Second scenario was a pandemic condition plus vaccinations on D11. First scenario resulted that on D75, almost all residents of Jakarta would be infected with the SARS-COV2 virus and the maximum capacity of hospital incinerators in Jakarta was reached on D11. Second scenario resulted that the plague rate is resolved so that it does not infect all residents of Jakarta, but the capacity of hospital incinerators in Jakarta is still not adequate (limit on D11). Research has implications for environmental management budget planning in dealing with infectious disease outbreaks. The research recommendation is to calculate the weight of COVID-19 medical waste according to current conditions, which includes parameters such as the maximum hospital occupancy rate and the availability of large-scale incinerators belong to third-party.