bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of permanent and temporary edges onPinus clausa(sand pine) architecture and stand conditions
Authors: Smith Colin , Putz Francis E. 
Published: April 2021

Effects of permanent (i.e., maintained) and temporary edges with north- and south-facing exposures were studied in sand pine (Pinus clausa var. clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Vasey ex Sarg.) scrub, an open-canopied forest type in Ocala National Forest, Florida. On edges and interiors of four stands of each type, we measured canopy tree architecture in 5 m × 100 m plots and stand density and basal area in 5 m × 200 m plots. Edge effects were modest but often stronger on south- than north-facing edges and along permanent forest roads than temporary edges of clearcuts that were allowed to regrow. Compared with interior trees, those on edges were typically shorter, retained branches lower on their boles, oriented their first branches more towards the edge, and produced more asymmetrical crowns with the long axis extending into the opening; these trends were greater on south- than north-facing edges and along permanent than temporary edges. Contrary to expectations, there were no edge effects on total basal area, dead tree densities, proportions of sand pine trees with leaning trunks, directions of lean, or angles of lean. Instead of an edge effect, most trees leaned towards the southwest, which seems related to the northeastern origin of prevailing winds and wind gusts.
Kāma at the Kadamba Court
Authors: Cecil Elizabeth A. , Gomes Mekhola 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In March 1971, B.R. Gopal discovered a partially buried pillar with visible inscribed writing in the village of Guḍnāpur in Karnataka. The monument has since become known as the Guḍnāpur Pillar Inscription of Ravivarman (ca. 465–500 CE) after the ruler of the early Kadamba kingdom who commissioned it. The inscription preserves a compelling historical record that details the intersections of religious and political performance at the Kadamba court as centered around a temple to Kāma constructed within the confines of the royal residence at Vaijayantī (Banavasi), and the distribution of agrarian lands to support its maintenance. This study presents a new translation and analysis of the text and a discussion of the pillar as a ‘text-monument’ that was both embedded within and constitutive of landscapes: physical and built as well as rhetorical and imagined. By presenting the Guḍnāpur inscription as a text-monument situated within multiple landscapes, the article reveals how documentary, donative, religious, and agrarian practices supported state-making in an early South Indian kingdom.
Six new species of the Oriental genus Hlavaciellus Jałoszyński (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ 
Published: April 2021

Six new species of the cephenniine genus Hlavaciellus Jałoszyński are described: H. cincinnalis sp. n. (Malaysia: Sabah); H. carinatus sp. n. (Malaysia: Pahang); H. microtuberculatus sp. n. (Malaysia: Pahang); H. diversipilosus sp. n. (Malaysia: Pahang); H. concavus sp. n. (Indonesia: Sumatra); and H. sumatranus sp. n. (Indonesia: Sumatra). An updated key to identification of males of all nominal species of Hlavaciellus is given.
Nomenclatural notes for some Australian Erotylinae (Coleoptera: Erotylidae)
Authors: SKELLEY PAUL E. , LESCHEN RICHARD A. B. , LIU ZHENHUA 
Published: April 2021

In the subfamily Erotylinae (Coleoptera: Erotylidae), several nomenclatural concerns in the Australian fauna are corrected for upcoming publications. Spelling and attribution of the genus “Aulacochilus” is discussed and is correctly cited as Aulacocheilus Dejean, 1836. The species Episcaphula tetrastica Lea, 1921, becomes Aulacocheilus leai (Mader, 1934), new combination. Through a previous synonymy of Tritoma australiae Lea, 1922 with Hedista tricolor Weise, 1927, and the subsequent transfer of T. australiae into Spondotriplax Crotch, 1876, the genus Hedista Weise, 1927 is recognized as a synonym of Spondotriplax Crotch, 1876, new synonymy. Cosmoscaphula Heller, 1920, a subgenus of Episcaphula Crotch, 1876, is discussed. The type species, E. (C.) tamburinea Heller, 1920, was found to have two new synonyms: Episcaphula (Cosmoscaphula) clatrata Heller, 1920 and Episcaphula rufolineata Wilson, 1921. A lectotype is here designated for E. (C.) tamburinea Heller, 1920. Two genus-species combinations used in museum and internet-based lists have not been formally published. They are discussed, illustrated, and officially proposed here: Hoplepiscapha laticollis (Carter, 1908) and Neothallis bizonata (Macleay, 1887), new combinations.
Posttransplantation MRD monitoring in patients with AML by next-generation sequencing using DTA and non-DTA mutations
Authors: Heuser Michael , Heida Bennet , Büttner Konstantin , Wienecke Clara Philine , Teich Katrin , Funke Carolin , Brandes Maximilian , Klement Piroska , Liebich Alessandro , Wichmann Martin , Neziri Blerina , Chaturvedi Anuhar , Kloos Arnold , Mintzas Konstantinos , Gaidzik Verena I. , Paschka Peter , Bullinger Lars , Fiedler Walter , Heim Albert , Puppe Wolfram , Krauter Jürgen , Döhner Konstanze , Döhner Hartmut , Ganser Arnold , Stadler Michael , Hambach Lothar , Gabdoulline Razif , Thol Felicitas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNext-generation sequencing (NGS)-based measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is widely applicable and prognostic prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). We evaluated the prognostic role of clonal hematopoiesis–associated DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1 (DTA) and non-DTA mutations for MRD monitoring post-alloHCT to refine MRD marker selection. Of 154 patients with AML, 138 (90%) had at least one mutation at diagnosis, which were retrospectively monitored by amplicon-based error-corrected NGS on day 90 and/or day 180 post-alloHCT. MRD was detected in 34 patients on day 90 and/or day 180 (25%). The rate of MRD positivity was similar when DTA and non-DTA mutations were considered separately (17.6% vs 19.8%). DTA mutations had no prognostic impact on cumulative incidence of relapse, relapse-free survival, or overall survival in our study and were removed from further analysis. In the remaining 131 patients with at least 1 non-DTA mutation, clinical and transplantation-associated characteristics were similarly distributed between MRD-positive and MRD-negative patients. In multivariate analysis, MRD positivity was an independent adverse predictor of cumulative incidence of relapse, relapse-free survival, and overall survival but not of nonrelapse mortality. The prognostic effect was independent of different cutoffs (above limit of detection, 0.1% and 1% variant allele frequency). MRD log-reduction between diagnosis and post-alloHCT assessment had no prognostic value. MRD status post-alloHCT had the strongest impact in patients who were MRD positive prior to alloHCT. In conclusion, non-DTA mutations are prognostic NGS-MRD markers post-alloHCT, whereas the prognostic role of DTA mutations in the posttransplant setting remains open.
Role of IVUS in the rectification of angiographically judged ramus intermedius and its clinical significance
Authors: Gong Xue , Huang Zheyong , Sun Zhonghan , Wang Qibing , Qian Juying , Ge Lei , Ge Junbo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Due to the technical limitations of coronary artery angiography (CAG), ramus intermedius (RI) is sometimes difficult to distinguish from a high-origin obtuse marginal branch or a high-origin diagonal branch. This study sought to investigate the role of intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) in the rectification of angiographically judged RI.

Methods
This study retrospectively analyzed 165 patients who were reported to have an RI based on CAG and underwent IVUS implementation from 02/01/2009 to 31/12/2019 in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Taking IVUS as the gold standard, we calculated the accuracy of RI identification by CAG and evaluated the impact of RI on revascularization strategy.

Results
Among the 165 patients, 89 patients (54%) were demonstrated to have an RI on IVUS (IVUS-RI), 32 patients (19%) were identified to have a high-origin diagonal branch on IVUS (IVUS-h-D), and 44 patients (27%) had an actual high-origin obtuse marginal artery on IVUS (IVUS-h-OM). Among 84 patients who underwent one-stent crossover stenting because of left main furcation lesions (48 patients in the IVUS-RI group, 12 patients in the IVUS-h-D group, and 24 in the IVUS-h-OM group), 14.6% of patients in the IVUS-RI group, 33.3% in the IVUS-h-D group and 0% in the IVUS-h-OM group had CAG-RI compromise (P = 0.02), which was defined as severe stenosis of the RI ostium (> 75%) or significant RI flow impairment (TIMI < 3).

Conclusions
Only 54% of CAG-RIs were confirmed by IVUS, which indicates the necessity of preintervention IVUS to distinguish real RIs from other branches in LM furcation lesions.
Impact of donor age on liver transplant outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of the SRTR database
Authors: Zhou Jie , Huang Zhichao , Chen Zheng , Xu Fangshen , Tong Rongliang , Zheng Shusen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Donor age is an important predictor for liver transplant recipients. Studies have not fully explored its impact on transplant outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients as well as its involvement in tumor recurrence.

Methods
HCC patients who received liver transplants during 2010–2017 from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database were included. The recipients were divided into four groups based on donor age: I (≤ 34 years), II (35–49 years), III (50–64 years), and IV (≥ 65 years). Transplant outcomes, including the overall survival (OS), tumor recurrence, and risks, were evaluated.

Results
A total of 13,276 HCC recipients were included in this study. Statistical significant differences were observed in OS among the four groups. The best 5-year survival was 76.0% in group I, followed by 73.5% in group II, 72.8% in group III, and 69.2% in group IV (P < 0.001). However, the liver-specific survival did not differ among these groups (P = 0.260). Donor age was found to be the independent predictor of OS after adjusting for other variables (P < 0.001, ref. group I; 1.087 (0.979–1.208) for group II, P = 0.119; 1.124 (1.015–1.246) for group III, P = 0.025; 1.395 (1.215–1.602) for group IV, P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, OS was significantly different in recipients with hepatitis C virus (HCV), but there was no significant difference for recipients with hepatitis B virus (HBV), alcoholic liver diseases and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The post-transplant cumulative tumor recurrence rates were similar among the four groups (P = 0.382).

Conclusions
Older donor age was associated with decreased OS but not liver-specific survival as well as post-transplant tumor recurrence in HCC recipients. Donor age also had different effects in patients with different underlying liver diseases.
Survival of colorectal cancer patients in Brunei Darussalam: comparison between 2002–09 and 2010–17
Authors: Lee Shirley H. F. , Abdul Rahman Hanif , Abidin Nadiah , Ong Sok King , Leong Elvynna , Naing Lin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It is the second leading cause of cancer death in men and women in Brunei Darussalam in 2017, posing a major burden on society.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study (n = 1035 patients diagnosed with CRC in Brunei Darussalam from 1st January 2002 until 31st December 2017) aims to compare the overall survival rates of CRC patients (2002–2017), to compare survival rates between two study periods (2002–2009 and 2010–2017) and to identify prognostic factors of CRC. Kaplan-Meier estimator and log-rank tests were performed to analyse the overall survival rates of CRC patients. Multiple Cox regression was performed to determine the prognostic factors of CRC with adjusted hazard ratios (Adj. HRs) reported.ResultsThe 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of CRC patients are 78.6, 62.5, and 56.0% respectively from 2002 to 2017. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of CRC patients for 2002–2009 are 82.2, 69.6, and 64.7%; 77.0, 59.1, and 51.3% for 2010–2017 respectively. A significant difference in CRC patients’ survival rate was observed between the two study periods, age groups, ethnic groups, cancer stages, and sites of cancer (p < 0.05). The Adjusted Hazard Ratios (Adj. HRs) were significantly higher in the 2010–17 period (Adj. HR = 1.78,p < 0.001), older age group ( ≥ 60 years) (Adj. HR = 1.93,p = 0.005), distant cancer (Adj. HR = 4.69,p < 0.010), tumor at transverse colon and splenic flexure of colon (Adj. HR = 2.44,p = 0.009), and lower in the Chinese(Adj. HR = 0.63,p = 0.003).ConclusionThis study highlights the lower survival rates of CRC patients in 2010–2017, Malays, older patients, distant cancer, and tumors located at the latter half of the proximal colon (transverse colon), and predominantly LCRC (splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, overlapping lesion colon and colon (NOS), as well as the rectosigmoid junction and rectum (NOS)). Age, ethnicity, cancer stage, and tumor location are significant prognostic factors for CRC. These findings underscore the importance of public health policies and programmes to enhance awareness on CRC from screening to developing strategies for early detection and management, to reduce CRC-associated mortality.
Updated analysis of pediatric clinical studies registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, 2008–2019
Authors: Zhong Yang , Zhang Xingyu , Zhou Lijun , Li Lei , Zhang Tao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Since the national clinical trials registry (ClinicalTrials.gov) launched in February 2000, more than 360,000 research studies in the United States and over 200 countries have registered. As the characteristics of pediatric clinical studies keep changing over time and the results-reporting mechanism is under evolving, to know about the relevant updates of data elements and the effect of policies on the quality of reporting results is significant.

Methods
In this research, 53,060 clinical studies related to children registered from January 2008 to December 2019 were downloaded from ClinicalTrials.gov on August 1st, 2020. Different types of studies and critical categorical variables were identified, based on which, Cochran-Armitage test was performed to explore temporal trend of study characteristics and common pediatric clinical conditions in four time subsets. Further, to examine heterogeneity among subgroups (funding sources, funding sites, pediatric clinical conditions,etc), chi-squared test was applied.

Results
A total of 36,136 clinical trials and 16,692 observational studies were identified during the study period. The pediatric clinical trials increased from 7,029 (January 2008–December 2010) to 11,738 (January 2017–December 2019). The number of missing data has declined, with the maximum extent decline from 3.7 to 0.0% (Z = − 15.90, p <  0.001). Drug trials decreased from 48.8 to 28.9% (Z = − 24.68, p <  0.001). Behavioral trials, on the other hand, increased from 12.6 to 20.4% (Z = 12.28, p <  0.001). Most pediatric clinical trials were small-scale (58.9% enrolling 1–100 participants), single-site (61.4%) and funded neither by industry nor by the NIH (59.2%). The proportion of reporting study results varied by study type (χ2 = 1,256.8, p <  0.001), lead sponsor (χ2 = 4,545.6, p <  0.001), enrollment (χ2 = 29.4, p <  0.001) and trial phase (χ2 = 218.8, p <  0.001).

Conclusion
Pediatric clinical studies registered in ClinicalTrials.gov were dominated by small-scale interventional trials, containing significant heterogeneity in funding sources, funding sites, pediatric clinical conditions and study characteristics. Although the results database has evolved in the past decade, efforts to strengthen the practice of systematic reporting must be continued.
Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among school-aged children in Tripoli, Libya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alraqiq Hosam , Eddali Ahmid , Boufis Reema 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
In many developing countries, the prevalence of dental caries has increased due to lifestyle changes, lack of preventive services, and inadequate access to dental care. In Arab countries, the increased prevalence of caries has correlated with economic growth over the past decades, resulting in greater access to unhealthy foods and higher consumption of sugar, particularly among children. However, few studies have assessed caries prevalence among pediatric populations in Arab countries. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries and factors associated with caries among children in Tripoli, Libya.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 1934 children in first grade (age 6–7 years, n = 1000) and seventh grade (age 11–12 years, n = 934). Four health centers in Tripoli were selected for screening based on location and participation in school-entry health examinations. Data were collected through self-administered parent surveys and visual dental screenings by trained examiners from September 24 to October 15, 2019. The survey comprised questions about socioeconomic characteristics and oral health behaviors, including toothbrushing, sugar consumption, and dental care history. During screenings, untreated decay, missing teeth, and filled teeth (DMFT or dmft) were recorded. Prevalence of tooth decay was calculated as the proportion of children with high DMFT/dmft scores. Binary logistic and negative binomial regression analyses (with significance at p ≤ 0.05) were used to assess factors associated with caries.

Results
Among 1000 first-grade children, 78.0% had decay in their primary teeth, with a mean dmft of 3.7. Among 934 seventh-grade children, 48.2% had caries in their permanent teeth, with a mean DMFT of 1.7. The most significant factors associated with caries prevalence were socioeconomic, such as screening site (first grade, p = 0.02; seventh grade, p < 0.001) and maternal employment (seventh grade, p = 0.02), and behavioral, such as toothbrushing duration (seventh grade, p = 0.01), past dental treatment (both grades, p < 0.001), and past emergency visit (both grades, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Caries prevalence was associated with several behavioral and socioeconomic factors, including screening site, maternal employment, toothbrushing duration, past dental treatment, and past emergency visit. Efforts should be made to address these factors to minimize barriers and improve oral health behavior and care utilization. These findings can be used to evaluate current public health initiatives and inform future planning.
An exploration of the oral health beliefs and behaviors of people living with HIV in Mangalore, India: a qualitative study
Authors: Rodrigues Anisha , Hegde Vijaya , Hegde Adarsh V. , Shastri Suresh G. , Ravikumar D. N. , Rodrigues Rashmi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction
People living with HIV (PLWHIV) have increased oral healthcare needs due to an increase in the prevalence of oral and dental diseases. Their oral health is influenced by psychosocial, behavioral and biologic factors. The aim of this study was to explore and obtain a deeper understanding of the oral health beliefs and behaviors of PLWHIV that could potentially affect their oral health.

Methods
We have used the Health Belief Model (HBM) and qualitative methods using in-depth interviews with 16 PLWHIV. Content analysis of the transcribed data was done. The data was grouped under the constructs of the HBM.

Findings
The perceived susceptibility to oral diseases and awareness on the importance of good oral health was low. Regular tooth brushing and traditional methods for oral hygiene maintenance were considered beneficial. Regular dental visits were not considered important. Psychosocial issues, time and financial constraints were the barriers. Participants believed that information on oral health should be provided by the health providers in hospitals and dental clinics.

Conclusion
The findings on the oral health beliefs and behaviors support the need for education on oral health and preventive healthcare practices among PLWHIV. Oral health promotion should include behavioral change as one of its components.
Myocardial strain analysis using cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with calpainopathy
Authors: Quick Silvio , Winkler Max , Speiser Uwe , Ibrahim Karim , Schäfer Jochen , Linke Axel , Zhang Kun , Christoph Marian , Heidrich Felix M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Limb–girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare muscular dystrophies. Subtype 2A (LGMD2A) also known as “calpainopathy” is an inherited autosomal recessive gene defect. Cardiac dysfunction is common in several forms of LGMD. Cardiac involvement in LGMD2A, however, is not clear. The aim of this study was to perform cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-based strain analysis in LGMD2A patients, as this is a diagnostic parameter of subclinical cardiac involvement and a powerful independent predictor of mortality. We conducted the largest prospective cardiac magnetic resonance study to date, including 11 genetically verified LGMD2A patients and 11 age- and sex-matched control subjects and performed CMR-based strain analysis of the left and right ventricles.

Results
Left and right global longitudinal strain (GLS) were not significantly different between the two groups and within normal reference ranges (left ventricle: control − 21.8 (5.1) % vs. patients − 22.3 (3.2) %, p = 0.38; right ventricle: control − 26.3 (7.2) % vs. patients − 26.8 (5.8) %, p = 0.85). Also, global circumferential and radial strains did not significantly differ between the two groups (p = 0.95 and p = 0.86, respectively). LGMD2A patients did not show relevant amounts of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) or malignant ventricular arrhythmias.

Conclusions
No evidence of even subtle cardiac dysfunction is evident form CMR-based strain analysis in LGMD2A patients. Malignant ventricular arrhythmias were not detected. Thus, in case of non-pathological initial echocardiographic and electrocardiographic examination, a less frequent or even no cardiac follow-up may be acceptable in these patients. However, if there are signs and symptoms that suggest an underlying cardiac condition (e.g. palpitations, angina, shortness of breath), this approach needs to be individualized to account for the unknown.