bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Diagnostic, Prognostic Indicators and Surgical Outcome in 20 Cases Treated for Equine Intestinal Colic
Authors: Khosa J.S. , Anand Arun , Sangwan V. , Mahajan S.K. , Mohindroo J. , Singh S.S. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Colic is one of the most common and challenging problem encountered by equine practitioners. In practise majority of horses suffering from colic can be treated with medical management but around 10% of horses with colic require surgical intervention in an effort to save the life of animal. In India, equine abdominal surgery is not popular because there is lack of infrastructure, manpower and expertise therefore, there is a need to conduct clinical studies to document outcome of equine colic cases managed surgically. The present report describes diagnostic, prognostic indicators and post-operative outcome of exploratory celiotomy performed to manage various cases of colic surgical outcome of colic surgery in Indian horse breeds. Methods: The present study was conducted on 20 horses having intestinal colic (n=20). The affected patients were selected for exploratory celiotomy on an emergency basis having moderate to severe persistent abdominal pain, lack of response to medicinal treatment with absence of intestinal borborygmi. Preoperative physical assessment, biochemical analysis and peritoneal fluid analysis were done in all the clinical cases. The preoperative physical assessment and various blood parameter estimation helped in decision making. Conclusion: The result of intestinal colic cases showed that mean heart rate and respiration rate (mean±SE) were significantly higher in non-survivors as compared to survivors. Blood lactate level was significantly higher in non survivors than survivors. Large colon affectation (n=8) were the primary cause of the colic, followed by small colon (n=6), cecum (n=3) and small intestine (n=3). Postoperative complications were peritonitis and ileus (n=6), subcutaneous seroma (n=7), pyrexia (n=4), diarrhoea (n=6). Short term survivability in intestinal colic patients was 55% and long term survivability was 50%.
Study of Traumatic Head Injuries Using Computed Tomography
Authors: Kajoak Samih , Osman H. , Ayad Caroline , Musa Alamin , Yousef Mohammed , Faizo Nahla , Malik Bushra 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this retrospective research was to study traumatic head injury (THI) using CT scan and to classify the types of head trauma fractures and types of hemorrhages.	Methods and Results: The current study included 53 THI patients (43/81.1%) males and 10/18.9% females) with positive and negative CT scan findings. A complete clinical history and patients’ data were taken from CT reports, which included age, gender, type of trauma, associated injury, and CT findings with their percentages. The study was carried out in Taif city in King Abdelaziz Hospital and King Faisal Hospital.	The distribution of various etiologies of THI has shown that the most common etiology was road traffic accident (RTA) (45.3%). The typical age for THI was between 21 to 30 years old (26.4%). The distribution of the traumatic causes for each age group is shown in Table 1. The typical age for RTA was the age group of 11-20 years (33.3%), for falls – the age groups of 0-10 years (33.3%) and over 60 years of age (33.3%). The frequency of various CT findings of THI was as follows: intracranial hemorrhage (56.6%), fracture (39.6%), pneumocephalus (22.6%), contusion (22.6%), foreign body (11.3%), and proptosis (3.8%). The distribution of fracture cases, according to their types, was as follows: a linear fracture (76.2%), comminuted fracture (23.8%), basilar fracture (14.3%), and depressed fracture (9.5%). The frontal bone was the most affected site with fractures (30.7%).	Conclusion: CT is an appropriate clinical modality used in the management of THI patients in the emergency department. CT has the advantage of being fast, safe, available, sensitive to most acute post-traumatic injuries, accurate in identifying the head abnormalities such as fractures and hemorrhage during the first 24 hours after injury, which is beneficial in the early assessment, therapy planning, monitoring, and long-term patient care.
Detection of Midline Shift from CT Scans to Predict Outcome in Patients with Head Injuries
Authors: Abdelaziz Ikhlas , Aljondi Rowa , Alhailiy Ali , Mahmoud Mustafa 
Published: March 2021

Background: The present study aimed to detect the degree of midline shift from CT scans and the clinical status of the patient, to evaluate the relationship between the degree of midline shift found by the CT scan and GCS score as a predictor of clinical outcome in head injury patients. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the relationship between midline shift and age, sex, and causes. Methods and Results: The study included 50 subjects (36 males and 14 females). The age range of the patients in this study was 18–95 years old (mean age of 48.34±17.02 years). The inclusion criteria were patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or patients evaluated for level of consciousness by a neurosurgeon. Toshiba 16 Slice CT scanner (Toshiba Medical Systems, Nasu, Japan 2003) was used to scan all patients in the supine, head first position. Contiguous 2 mm slices were obtained using the Toshiba 16-slice machine spiral technique (pitch 1.25–1.5, 0.75 s rotation time, 120 KvP, 2 mm reconstruction interval).	The results indicated that the degree of midline shift in patients with brain injuries was statistically significant as a determinant of clinical outcome. It appeared that the probability of poor clinical outcome was higher when there was a combination of midline shift and other types of intracranial hemorrhage, clinical factors, such as sex, age, and GCS score, and associated injuries. The worst outcome was seen in patients with midline shift and subdural hematoma, when compared with other lesions in patients with brain injuries. Conclusion: This study suggests that the degree of midline shift may be predictive of clinical outcome in patients with head injuries.
Applied Research of Distinguishing Similar Y-STR&nbsp;Haplotypes by Y Chromosome Complete Sequencing
Authors: Yang Xingyi , Yu Zhonghao , Li Shuanglin , Huang Manling , Cai Song , Chen Ling , Liu Changhui , Wang Huijun , Liu Chao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: To explore a technical method to distinguish similar Y-STR haplotypes and its value in deducing the differentiation the males in paternal line, we used a complete genome sequence of Y chromosome using streptavidin–biotin magnetic particle-based capture methodology (Y chromosome liquid phase probe capture next generation sequencing technique (NGS)) to detect male individuals with similar Y-STR haplotypes. Based on our independently developed mathematical model and the new topological structure of Y chromosome mutation sites as well as haplogroups and pedigree trees updated by the International Society of Genealogy (ISOGG) every year, we distinguished the coancestry of male individuals with similar Y-STR haplotypes and Results: Identifying differences between the judgment results of Y full sequencing and the pedigree survey results allowed for the estimation whether the individuals have close relation within 3~5 generations or not. Y chromosome liquid phase probe capture NGS technique could capture the 16M region and effectively analyze tens of thousands of Y-SNP loci. Among them, the coancestry obtained by analysis of 8 sample cases was consistent with the actual total case time obtained by family investigation. Conclusions: Detecting the Y-STR haplotype similarity between male individuals and conducting the previously reported mathematical model analysis by using Y chromosome liquid phase probe capture NGS technology can uncover the coancestry of the different male individuals. These results provide the foundation for further investigation of the similar Y-STR haplotype males in the Y-STR database.
Comparison of Rhabdomyolysis Associated With Sacubitril/valsartan-related Drug-drug Interactions by Individual Statins in an Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Sunaga Tomiko , Yonezawa Ryo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSacubitril/valsartan was approved in Japan recently. Sacubitril is an inhibitor of organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and 1B3. In Japan, sacubitril/valsartan product labeling indicates that it should be cautiously co-administered with atorvastatin due to drug-drug interactions (DDIs). However, all statins are the substrates of OATP1B1 and/or 1B3. Therefore, we should be cautious about DDIs between sacubitril/valsartan and all other statins.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between rhabdomyolysis and concomitant association of sacubitril/valsartan with atorvastatin and all other statins.MethodsCase reports from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from 2015 to Q4/2020 were used. All FAERS reports on sacubitril/valsartan were captured through a structured analysis. We compared the proportion of cases reporting the adverse events associated with rhabdomyolysis and the concomitant use of sacubitril/valsartan and atorvastatin to those with sacubitril/valsartan and all other statins.ResultsAmong 10,940 case reports on sacubitril/valsartan, compared with all other drugs, statin users were associated with increased rhabdomyolysis (reporting odds ratio =4.54[2.62-7.87]). However, compared with all other statins, atorvastatin was not associated with increased rhabdomyolysis. ConclusionsWe suggest that the co-administration of sacubitril/valsartan with atorvastatin as well as other statins should be carefully managed as it may induce rhabdomyolysis.
Current Practices of Waste Management in Teaching Hospitals and Presence of Incinerators in Densely Populated Areas&nbsp;
Authors: Khalid Salma , Haq Najibul , Sabiha Zia-ul-Ain , Latif Abdul , Khan Muhammad Amjad , Iqbal Javaid , Yousaf Nowsher 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Hospital waste management (HWM) practices are the core need to run a proper health care facility. This study encompasses the HWM practices in teaching hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan and examine the enforcement of Pak HWM (2005) rules and risks through transmission of pathogens via blood fluids, air pollution during waste incineration and injuries occurring in conjunction with open burning and dumping. Methods: A questionnaire based on World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations was used to survey the selected private and public teaching hospital (n=16). Site visits and personnel observations were also included in the data. It was spatio-statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, Krushkal-wallis & Fisher’s exact tests and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. Results: The findings revealed that the lack of HWM practices in all surveyed hospitals (p>0.05), besides statistical difference (p<0.017) in waste generation/day. No proper segregation of waste from generation point to final disposal was practiced. However, the performance of private teaching hospitals (50%) was found better in terms of HWM personnel and practices. In surveyed hospitals, only nine hospitals (56.3%) were found with the incinerator facility while rest of the hospitals (43.7%) practiced open dumping. Moreover, operational parameters of the incinerators were not found satisfactory and located in densely populated areas and emitting hazardous gases. Conclusion: Proper HWM practices are not being followed in the light of WHO guidelines. Hospital waste impose serious menace to healthcare workers and to nearby population. WHO issued documents for improving HWM practices but triggered no change in Pakistan. To improve the situation, insights in this context is need for enforcement of rules.
Simple Hydrothermal Synthesis of g-C3N4/Ni9S8 Composites for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 EvolutionSimple Hydrothermal Synthesis of g-C3N4/Ni9S8 Composites for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Li Ao , Peng Zhijian , Fu Xiuli 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The prompt recombination between photogenerated electrons and holes is the common problem for improving the hydrogen evolution properties of a photocatalyst, which could be solved greatly by composite co-catalysis. Herein, a simple hydrothermal reaction was utilized to prepare g-C3N4/Ni9S8 composite photocatalysts. Through electroless nickel plating, Ni9S8 nanostructure was homogeneously grown onto the g-C3N4 surface by using sodium hypophosphite as reducing agent. With the optimum amount of Ni9S8, the acquired g-C3N4/Ni9S8 composite compared with the raw g-C3N4 which has an excellent increase in hydrogen evolution rate under visible light irradiation. Its rate of hydrogen evolution measured at 7 degrees Celsius was 355.7 μmol·g-1·h-1, being 21.2 time that of raw g-C3N4. The mechanism for the hydrogen evolution reaction over the present g-C3N4/Ni9S8 composite photocatalysts was discussed in detail.
Functional Analysis of Ectodysplasin-A Mutations in X-Linked Non-Syndromic Hypodontia and Possible Involvement of X-Chromosome Inactivation
Authors: Pan Yuhua , Lu Ting , Peng Ling , Zeng Qi , Huang Xiangyu , Yao Xinchen , Wu Buling , Xiong Fu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMutations of the Ectodysplasin-A (EDA) gene are generally associated with other developmental anomalies (syndrome hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia) or as an isolated condition (non-syndromic tooth agenesis). The influence of EDA mutations on dentinogenesis and odontoblast differentiation have not been reported. The aim of the present study was to identify genetic clues for familial nonsyndromic oligodontia and explore the underlying mechanisms, focusing on the role of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).MethodsThe candidate genes sequences were performed by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. Functional analysis and pathogenesis associated with EDA mutations in hDPSCs were also investigated to explore the impact of the identified mutation on this phenotype. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to detect X chromosome inactivation (XCI) on the blood of female carrier.ResultsIn this study, we identified a reported EDA mutation in a Chinese family：a missense mutation c.1013C>T (Thr338Met). Transfection of hDPSCs with mutant EDA lentivirus decreased the expression of EDA and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) compared with those transfected with control EDA lentivirus. Mechanically, the mutant EDA inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway. The results of CE showed that symptomatic female carrier had a skewed XCI with a preferential inactivation of the X chromosome carrying the normal allele.Conclusion﻿In summary, we demonstrated EDA mutation result in non-syndromic tooth agenesis in heterozygous females and mechanically EDA regulates odontogenesis through the NF-κB signaling pathway in human dental pulp stem cells.
Lack of Negative Effects of Fasting of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus Aurata) Breeders During the Spawning Period on Maternal and Egg Nutrient Composition, Fertilization Success and Early Embryo/larval Development
Authors: Chatzifotis Stavros , Gutiérrez Abraham Gómez , Papadaki Maria , Caruso Fabrizio , Sigelaki Irini , Mylonas Constantinos C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effect of fasting on spawning performance, maternal and egg nutrient composition, and on embryo/larval development was monitored in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Two broodstocks were fasted during two consequtive years, for a period of 43 and 54 days withing the spawning season, in a preliminary (year 1) and a main study (year 2), respectively. Mean daily fecundity showed a declining trend during fasting in the main study only, while fertilization success was high in both years and it was not affected by fasting, as was hatching and 5-day larval survival. There was a loss of 23.5% of maternal body mass due to fasting, and gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes as well as crude protein in maternal muscle and gonads -but not in liver- were reduced after fasting. In muscle, after fasting Σω-6 PUFA and C18:3ω-3 were reduced while C20:4ω-6, 20:5ω-3/20:4ω-6 and C22:6ω-3/20:4ω-6 increased; in liver, significant reductions were observed in C16:0, C18:3 ω-3, 20:5ω-3/C22:6ω-3 and increases in C18:0, C20:5ω-3, Σω-6 PUFA and 20:5ω-3/20:4ω-6; in gonads, C15:0, ΣMUFA, 20:5ω-3/C22:6ω-3, 20:5ω-3/20:4ω-6 were increased while C18:1ω-9, C20:5ω-3 reduced. Contrary to maternal tissues, the energy density and proximate composition of the eggs did not change due to fasting. The study suggests that fasting of gilthead seabream breeders for many weeks during the spawning period does not affect spawning performance, egg proximate composition or embryo and early larval development, since maternal nutrient reserves are mobilized to maintain optimal egg nutrient composition.
Identifying Molecular Pathways and Candidate Genes Associated With Knob Traits by Transcriptome Analysis in the Goose (Anser Cygnoides)
Authors: Ji Wangyang , Xu Qi , Zhao Wenming , Hou li E , Yuan Xiaoya , Gu Tiantian , Chen ZhuoYu , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yang , Chen Guohong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Anser cygnoides has a spherical crest on the beak roof, which is described as knob. However, the mechanisms affecting knob morphology are unclear. Here, we investigated the phenotypic characteristics and molecular basis of knob-size differences in Yangzhou geese. The bony crest of konb was found in the frontal area of the skull, rather than hump of upper beak. Although the knob length, width, and height varied greatly in geese with different knob phenotypes, growth of the bony crest was mainly reflected in the length and height, but not the width. Histological analysis showed that knob skin in large-size knobs geese have a greater length in the stratum corneum, stratum spinosum, and stratum reticular. Transcriptome profiling revealed 415 differentially expressed genes involved in knob growth and development. In addition, GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis revealed 455 significant GO terms and 210 enriched KEGG pathways. We focused on the TGF-β-signaling and thyroid hormone synthesis-signaling KEGG pathways. Geese with larger knobs had increased ADCY3, TSHR, DCN, and BMP5 mRNA-expression levels, suggesting that both pathways (and the associated genes) mediate knob growth and development. Our data provide comprehensive molecular determinants of knob size, which can potentially be used to promote the genetic improvement of goose knobs to meet consumer preferences.
Malnutrition Was Not Related With Emergence Delirium in Elderly Patients After Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Zhang Fang , He Shu-Ting , Zhang Yan , Mu Dong-Liang , Wang Dong-Xin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Delirium is one of the most common complications in elderly surgical patients. Although previous studies reported that preoperative malnutrition was related with postoperative delirium (POD), there was lack of evidence to illustrate the relationship between malnutrition and emergency delirium (ED). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative malnutrition and ED in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.Methods: The study was carried out in accordance with STROBE guidelines. This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study. Elderly patients (65-90 years) who underwent noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in Peking University First Hospital.Preoperative malnutrition was defined as nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002) ≥3. Emergence delirium was assessed by Confusion Assessment Method for intensive care unit at 10 and 30 min after Post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) admission, and before PACU discharge. Multivariable analysis was employed to analyze the relationship between malnutrition and emergence delirium.Results: 915 patients were enrolled. The incidence of malnutrition was 53.6% (490/915). The incidence of emergency delirium was 41.8% (205/490) in malnutrition group and 31.5% (134/425) in control group, P<0.001. After adjusting confounding factors (i.e., age, mild cognitive impairment, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (ASA), duration of surgery, pain score, low body temperature and allogeneic blood transfusion), malnutrition was not associated with increased risk of emergency delirium (OR=1.055, 95% CI 0.767-1.452, P=0.742).Conclusions: Malnutrition was common in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, but it’s not related with emergence delirium after adjusted for confounders.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn) (Number: ChiCTR-OOC-17012734).
Back Pain and Body Posture of Non-Professional Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes
Authors: Sędek Katarzyna , Truszczyńska-Baszak Aleksandra , Anna Katarzyna Cygańska , Drzał-Grabiec Justyna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of back pain in non-professional Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes, and to assess the relationship between their back pain and postural disorders.
Methods

The study involved 61 subjects: 31 subjects who trained Brazilian jiu-jitsu and 30 subjects who had never trained any martial arts. The mean BJJ training time in the study population was 3.89 ± 4.13 years. The athletes’ trained 4.06 ± 2.8 times a week and took 1.5 hours. Postural assessments were conducted with the use of the photogrammetric method. The assessment of back pain and injuries was conducted with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and with our proprietary questionnaire.
Results

Among both populations, 37 subjects reported back pain − 22 athletes (71.0%) and 15 controls (50%) (p = 0,094). There were no differences in back pain location between the two groups (p > 0.05) or in functional state on the Oswestry Index (21.5% in the study population and 20% in the control group, p = 0.121). We observed significant differences between the groups in the values of four of the postural parameters. For each of these four parameters, parameter values were higher in the study population: DCK-spinal height from C1 to S1 (474.8 ± 25.4 vs 447.1 ± 25.9, p = 0.001); RKP-length of kyphosis between C7 and thoracolumbar junction (321.9 ± 15.2 vs 307.3 ± 22.2, p = 0.010); RLL-length of lordosis between S1 and thoracolumbar junction (152.9 ± 18.2 vs. 139.8 ± 17.6, p = 0.009) and KNM-pelvis inclination angle (2.24 ± 1.18 vs. 1.64 ± 1.34, p = 0.041). We found statistically significant differences in the study population between the athletes with and without back pain. These differences were found in the following parameters: RKP-length from C7 to peak of kyphosis (p = 0.01) and TT-difference between height of the waist triangles (p = 0.018).
Conclusions

There are no differences in back pain in regard to its frequency, intensity and location between non-professional BJJ athletes and subjects who do not train BJJ. Both in the study population and in the control group the spinal pain was minimal or moderate on the Oswestry Disability Index. BJJ athletes who reported back pain had characteristic postural changes in some of the analysed postural parameters in comparison to BJJ athletes who did not report back pain.