bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction Alleviates Symptoms in Rats With Functional Dyspepsia Through EGC-Derived NGF
Authors: li juanjuan , Xu Lin , Lv Lin , Zeng Enjin , Zhang Zedan , Wang Fengyun , Tang Xudong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Xiangsha Liujunzi (XSLJZ) decoction is a traditional chinese prescription that shows to be effective in functional dyspepsia (FD). However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Nerve growth factor (NGF) secreted from enteric glial cells (EGCs) is associated with visceral hypersensitivity (VH), which has been wildly accepted as the main pathological mechanism of FD. But it is not clear whether and how EGC-derived NGF contributes to VH in FD. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of XSLJZ decoction on FD and investigate whether XSLJZ decoction relieves VH by inhibiting EGC-derived NGF and TrkA-Akt-TRPV1 axis.Methods: FD rat models were established using iodoacetamide and modified multiple platform method. The validation of FD model and effects of XSLJZD decoction on FD were evaluated in terms of weight, food intake, hematoxylin-eosin staining and Von Frey test. The expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), NGF and transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The expression of TrkA and Akt was determined by western blot analysis. The co-localization of GFAP and NGF was observed by double-label immunofluorescence.Results: XSLJZ decoction increased the weight, food intake and pain threshold of FD rats. The expression levels of GFAP and NGF, together with NGF-positive EGCs were increased in FD rats, but decreased following XSLJZ decoction treatment. Furthermore, XSLJZ decoction downregulated the over-expression of TrkA, Akt and TRPV1 in FD rats.Conclusions: XSLJZ decoction can effectively improve the symptoms of FD and alleviate VH in FD, which may be mediated via EGC-derived NGF and TrkA-Akt-TRPV1 axis.
Alienated and unsafe: Life through the Covid-19 lockdown for vulnerable young people (aged 11-24 years) as revealed in web-based therapeutic sessions with mental health professionals
Authors: Mindel Charlotte , Oppong Crystal , Salhi Louisa , Lockwood Joanna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

The Covid-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns have detrimentally and disproportionately affected young people, with those who are considered vulnerable due to their experiences or life circumstances disadvantaged further still. In this study, we seek to understand the experiences of vulnerable young people accessing web-based therapeutic support during the pandemic and early lockdown, as revealed through the observations of mental health professionals.
Methods

Four focus groups with twelve web-based mental health professionals from the service Kooth were conducted on Zoom, and data analysed using thematic analysis. Participatory workshops with young people with diverse experiences supplemented the study approach and design and involved young people in the co-design of the focus group topic guide and the interpretation and validation of analysis.
Results

Four main themes and additional sub-themes were identified relating to the experiences of vulnerable young people on a web-based mental health platform. These were Escalation of risk, The Experience and Consequence of Loss, Feeling Supported and Empowered, and Feeling Separate and Isolated.
Conclusions

Findings broadly reflect early data that suggests that those with existing vulnerability face increased risk of poor outcomes through the pandemic and the restrictions of lockdown, but evidence is also provided of positive outcomes from lockdown and its function as a catalyst for change. Results reinforce that focused support for vulnerable young people is a priority as we emerge from lockdown and points to support and protective factors of relevance to online and offline support provision. The study uniquely contributes qualitative insight from web-based mental health professionals who have provided continuity of care to vulnerable youth from pre-pandemic and during lockdown and are therefore well-positioned to understand the impact of lockdown on the lives of service users. The robust youth-based participatory design is an additional study strength.
Reinforcing the Supply Chain of Umifenovir and Other Antiviral Drugs with Retrosynthetic Software
Authors: Lin Yingfu , Zhang Zirong , Mahjour Babak , Wang Di , Zhang Rui , Shim Eunjae , McGrath Andrew , Shen Yuning , Brugger Nadia , Turnbull Rachel , Trice Sarah , Jasty Shashi , Cernak Tim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The global disruption caused by the 2020 coronavirus pandemic stressed the supply chain of many products, including pharmaceuticals. Multiple drug repurposing studies for COVID-19 are now underway. If a winning therapeutic emerges, it is unlikely that the existing inventory of the medicine, or even the chemical raw materials needed to synthesize it, will be available in the quantities required. We used retrosynthetic software to arrive at alternate chemical supply chains for the antiviral drug umifenovir, as well as eleven other antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs. We have experimentally validated four routes to umifenovir and one route to bromhexine. In several instances, the software utilizes C–H functionalization logic, and one route to umifenovir employs functionalization of six C–H bonds. The general strategy we apply can be used to identify distinct starting materials, and relieve stress on existing supply chains.
The Cost-Effectiveness of B-type Natriuretic Peptide-Guided Care in Compared to Standard Clinical Assessment in Outpatients With Heart Failure in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Rezapour Aziz , Palmer Andrew J , Alipour Vahid , Hajahmadi Marjan , Jafari Abdosaleh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is commonly used as a diagnostic method for patients with heart failure. This study was designed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of BNP compared to standard clinical assessment in outpatients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This study was a cost-effectiveness analysis carried on 400 HFrEF outpatients > 45 years who were admitted to Rasoul Akram General Hospital of Tehran, Iran. A Markov model with a lifetime horizon was developed to evaluate economic and clinical outcomes for BNP and standard clinical assessment. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), direct, and indirect costs collected from the patients. Results: The results of this study indicated that mean QALYs and cost were estimated to be 2.28 QALYs and $1835 for BNP and 1.9 and $2376 for standard clinical assessment, respectively. In terms of reducing costs and increasing QALYs, BNP was dominant compared to standard clinical assessment. Also, BNP had a 90% probability of being cost-effective versus standard clinical assessment if the willingness to pay threshold is higher than $20800/QALY gained.Conclusion:Based on the results of the present study, measuring BNP levels represents good value for money, decreasing costs and increasing QALYs compared to standard clinical assessment. It is suggested that the costs of the BNP test be covered by insurance in Iran. The result of the current study has important implications for policymakers in developing clinical guidelines for the diagnosis of heart failure.
Rapid brain atrophy after COVID-19 encephalitis; Disintegrata Furiosa!
Authors: MARAMATTOM BOBY VARKEY , Rao Tejaswi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives: We had a patient with COVID-19 encephalitis who demonstrated striking brain atrophy on 3 MRI scans 60 days apart. We aimed to quantify the volume loss and brain atrophy. This is the first report that quantifies brain atrophy with COVID encephalitis.Methods: A 75 year old partially vaccinated man with COVID encephalitis underwent 3 serial MRI scans. Manual volumetry using PACS software was used to average and quantify brain atrophy between the three scans.Results: In 60 days, our patient had approximately 11.52 % (117 ml) of forebrain atrophy, which corresponded to 78 years of accelerated aging. Cerebellar atrophy of 6.2% (7.7 cc) was also noted. Discussion: We have demonstrated striking brain atrophy with COVID encephalitis. Brain involvement and atrophy or connectome disruptions might contribute to post COVID cognitive impairment. Serial MRI scans after COVID-19 and volumetric analysis may detect post COVID brain atrophy as a cause of cognitive dysfunction.
The Role of Risk Factors in the Development of Tuberculosis in Children Exposed to Rifampicin Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Nikiforenko N. A. , Lozovskaya M. E. , Novik G. А. , Derevyanko А. V. , Kochmarev N. V. 
Published: August 2021

The objective: to identify factors of a higher risk to develop tuberculosis in children exposed to tuberculosis cases resistant or sensitive to rifampicin.Subjects 161 children under 6 years old exposed to tuberculosis in their families were enrolled in the retrospective study. The children were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (n = 92) – children free of TB; Group 2 (n = 69) – children ill with TB. In each group, two subgroups were identified: those with index cases susceptible to rifampicin (RS) 1A (n = 40) and 2A (n = 43) and those with index cases resistant to rifampicin (RR) 1Б (n = 52) and 2Б (n = 26).Results. Exposure to isoniazid resistant tuberculosis increases the risk of TB in the child by 12 times, on the opposite, drug resistance to rifampicin provides no impact on the risk to develop tuberculosis. If the child is exposed to 2 cases of tuberculosis and more, the risk to develop tuberculosis increases by 2-14 times. BCG vaccination of the child exposed to tuberculosis reduces the risk to develop tuberculosis by 2-13 times.
FARUK NAFİZ ÇAMLIBEL’İN MERMER BEŞİK ADLI SENARYOSU ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: ŞEN Can , ŞAHİNKAYA Şeyma 
Published: August 2021

Türk edebiyatında çeşitli eserleriyle kendilerine önemli bir yer edinmiş kimi şairlerin/yazarların külliyatlarında geri planda kalan, unutulan eserler olduğu bilinen bir gerçektir. Bu isimlerden birisi de şair kimliğiyle ön planda olmasının yanı sıra tiyatro ve roman türlerinde de eser veren Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel’dir. Sanatçı, bu eserlerinin yanında Mermer Beşik adlı bir senaryo da kaleme almıştır. Çamlıbel’in günümüzde basılı eserleri arasında yer almayan bu eserine bugüne kadar sadece bir akademik çalışmada değinilmiştir. Aynı zamanda Türk edebiyatında edebiyat-sinema ilişkisi üzerine yapılan araştırmalar ve senaryo metinlerinin edebî olarak incelendiği çalışmalar oldukça azdır.
Bu noktada senaryo metinlerinin edebiyat bilimi açısından tür olarak nasıl sınıflandırılacağı da üzerinde durulması, tartışılması gereken bir husustur. Makalemizde bu doğrultuda Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel’in Mermer Beşik adlı bu senaryosunu yapı ve içerik özellikleri bakımından inceleyerek yazar üzerine yapılan akademik çalışmaların yanı sıra senaryo metinlerinin bir edebî eser olarak değerlendirildiği çalışmalara katkı sunmaya çalışacağız.
A genetic algorithm-based support vector machine to estimate the transverse mixing coefficient in streams
Authors: Nezaratian Hosein , Zahiri Javad , Peykani Mohammad Fatehi , Haghiabi AmirHamzeh , Parsaie Abbas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Transverse mixing coefficient (TMC) is known as one of the most effective parameters in the two-dimensional simulation of water pollution, and increasing the accuracy of estimating this coefficient will improve the modeling process. In the present study, genetic algorithm (GA)-based support vector machine (SVM) was used to estimate TMC in streams. There are three principal parameters in SVM which need to be adjusted during the estimating procedure. GA helps SVM and optimizes these three parameters automatically in the best way. The accuracy of the SVM and GA-SVM algorithms along with previous models were discussed in TMC estimation by using a wide range of hydraulic and geometrical data from field and laboratory experiments. According to statistical analysis, the performance of the mentioned models in both straight and meandering streams was more accurate than the regression-based models. Sensitivity analysis showed that the accuracy of the GA-SVM algorithm in TMC estimation significantly correlated with the number of input parameters. Eliminating the uncorrelated parameters and reducing the number of input parameters will reduce the complexity of the problem and improve the TMC estimation by GA-SVM.
Mapping eHealth Education: Review of eHealth Content in Health and Medical Degrees at a Metropolitan Tertiary Institute in Australia
Authors: Keep Melanie , Janssen Anna , McGregor Deborah , Brunner Melissa , Baysari Melissa Therese , Quinn Deleana , Shaw Tim 
Published: August 2021

Background
With the increasing use of digital technology in society, there is a greater need for health professionals to engage in eHealth-enabled clinical practice. For this, higher education institutions need to suitably prepare graduates of health professional degrees with the capabilities required to practice in eHealth contexts.

Objective
This study aims to understand how eHealth is taught at a major Australian university and the challenges and suggestions for integrating eHealth into allied health, nursing, and medical university curricula.

Methods
Cross-disciplinary subject unit outlines (N=77) were reviewed for eHealth-related content, and interviews and focus groups were conducted with the corresponding subject unit coordinators (n=26). Content analysis was used to identify themes around challenges and opportunities for embedding eHealth in teaching.

Results
There was no evidence of a standardized approach to eHealth teaching across any of the health degrees at the university. Where eHealth content existed, it tended to focus on clinical applications rather than systems and policies, data analysis and knowledge creation, or system and technology implementation. Despite identifying numerous challenges to embedding eHealth in their subjects, unit coordinators expressed enthusiasm for eHealth teaching and were keen to adjust content and learning activities.

Conclusions
Explicit strategies are required to address how eHealth capabilities can be embedded across clinical health degrees. Unit coordinators require support, including access to relevant information, teaching resources, and curriculum mapping, which clearly articulates eHealth capabilities for students across their degrees. Degree-wide conversations and collaboration are required between professional bodes, clinical practice, and universities to overcome the practical and perceived challenges of integrating eHealth in health curricula.
Blockchain Technology Projects to Provide Telemedical Services: Systematic Review
Authors: Koshechkin Konstantin , Lebedev Georgy , Radzievsky George , Seepold Ralf , Martinez Natividad Madrid 
Published: August 2021

Background
One of the most promising health care development areas is introducing telemedicine services and creating solutions based on blockchain technology. The study of systems combining both these domains indicates the ongoing expansion of digital technologies in this market segment.

Objective
This paper aims to review the feasibility of blockchain technology for telemedicine.

Methods
The authors identified relevant studies via systematic searches of databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar. The suitability of each for inclusion in this review was assessed independently. Owing to the lack of publications, available blockchain-based tokens were discovered via conventional web search engines (Google, Yahoo, and Yandex).

Results
Of the 40 discovered projects, only 18 met the selection criteria. The 5 most prevalent features of the available solutions (N=18) were medical data access (14/18, 78%), medical service processing (14/18, 78%), diagnostic support (10/18, 56%), payment transactions (10/18, 56%), and fundraising for telemedical instrument development (5/18, 28%).

Conclusions
These different features (eg, medical data access, medical service processing, epidemiology reporting, diagnostic support, and treatment support) allow us to discuss the possibilities for integration of blockchain technology into telemedicine and health care on different levels. In this area, a wide range of tasks can be identified that could be accomplished based on digital technologies using blockchains.
Analysis of Hospital Quality Measures and Web-Based Chargemasters, 2019: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Patel Kunal N , Mazurenko Olena , Ford Eric 
Published: August 2021

Background
The federal health care price transparency regulation from 2019 is aimed at bending the health care cost curve by increasing the availability of hospital pricing information for the public.

Objective
This study aims to examine the associations between publicly reported diagnosis-related group chargemaster prices on the internet and quality measures, process indicators, and patient-reported experience measures.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we collected and analyzed a random 5.02% (212/4221) stratified sample of US hospital prices in 2019 using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis.

Results
We found extreme price variation in shoppable services and significantly greater price variation for medical versus surgical services (P=.006). In addition, we found that quality indicators were positively associated with standard charges, such as mortality (β=.929; P<.001) and readmissions (β=.514; P<.001). Other quality indicators, such as the effectiveness of care (β=−.919; P<.001), efficient use of medical imaging (β=−.458; P=.001), and patient recommendation scores (β=−.414; P<.001), were negatively associated with standard charges.

Conclusions
We found that hospital chargemasters display wide variations in prices for medical services and procedures and match variations in quality measures. Further work is required to investigate 100% of US hospital prices posted publicly on the internet and their relationship with quality measures.
Psychological Violence Against Arab Women in the Context of Social Media: Web-Based Questionnaire Study
Authors: Omar Bali Ahmed , Omer Emad , Abdulridha Kawa , Ahmad Araz Ramazan 
Published: August 2021

Background
Social media provides women with varying platforms to express themselves, show their talents, communicate and expand their social relationships, and break the shackles imposed by their societies. Theoretically, social media can play a significant role in developing women’s freedom and decreasing social pressures; nonetheless, women continue to face violence during the social media era mainly in the form of psychological violence.

Objective
This study aims to conduct an empirical in-depth analysis of how the digital space, particularly social media, provides men with new opportunities to surveil, restrict, harass, and intimidate feminists in Arab countries.

Methods
This study includes an empirical survey to investigate what Arab women think are the causes and types of violence wielded against them and their perspectives on the impact of that violence. This study used a web-based questionnaire administered through Google Forms (n=1312) with responses from Arab women aged 15 years and above from all Arab countries.

Results
We found that most Arab women feared posting an actual photograph of themselves on their social media accounts and only approximately one-third (490/1312, 37.3%) did so. Most women indicated that they encountered sexual harassment regardless of their age. Furthermore, most women were not aware of the legal aspects of this crime and even those who were aware indicated that they would not press charges for several reasons, including bringing dishonor upon their families, the time-consuming nature of litigation, and fear of revenge.

Conclusions
This study shows that young and less educated women are more vulnerable to abuse from either social media users or being condemned by their families. This has several effects, including lower self-esteem and hesitancy in seeking a job, feelings of mistrust and fear, cynicism, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. These issues hold women back from using social media in positive ways and some consider leaving social media.
Examining the Impact of Question Construction on Reporting of Sexual Identity: Survey Experiment Among Young Adults
Authors: Young William J , Bover Manderski Michelle T , Ganz Ollie , Delnevo Cristine D , Hrywna Mary 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundCompared with heterosexuals, sexual minorities in the United States experience a higher incidence of negative physical and mental health outcomes. However, a variety of measurement challenges limit researchers’ ability to conduct meaningful survey research to understand these disparities. Despite the prevalence of additional identities, many national health surveys only offer respondents 3 substantive options for reporting their sexual identities (straight/heterosexual, gay or lesbian, and bisexual), which could lead to measurement error via misreporting and item nonresponse.ObjectiveThis study compared the traditional 3-option approach to measuring sexual identity with an expanded approach that offered respondents 5 additional options.MethodsAn online survey experiment conducted among New Jersey residents between March and June 2021 randomly assigned 1254 young adults (ages 18-21) to answer either the 3-response measure of sexual identity or the expanded item. Response distributions for each measure were compared as were the odds of item nonresponse.ResultsThe expanded version of the question appeared to result in more accurate reporting among some subgroups and induced less item nonresponse; 12% (77/642) of respondents in the expanded version selected a response that was not available in the shorter version. Females answering the expanded item were less likely to identify as gay or lesbian (2.1% [10/467] vs. 6.6% [30/457]). Females and Non-Hispanic Whites were slightly more likely to skip the shorter version than the longer version (1.1% [5/457 for females and 3/264 for Non-Hispanic Whites] vs. 0% [0/467 for females and 0/277 for Non-Hispanic Whites]). About 5% (32/642) of respondents answering the longer item were unsure of their sexual identity (a similar option was not available in the shorter version). Compared with respondents answering the longer version of the question, those answering the shorter version had substantially greater odds of skipping the question altogether (odds ratio 9.57, 95% CI 1.21-75.74; P=.03).ConclusionsResults favor the use of a longer, more detailed approach to measuring sexual identity in epidemiological research. Such a measure will likely allow researchers to produce more accurate estimates of health behaviors and outcomes among sexual minorities.