bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SupPoRtive Exercise Programmes for Accelerating REcovery after major ABdominal Cancer surgery trial (PREPARE‐ABC): Study protocol for a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors:   the PREPARE‐ABC Trial Collaborative
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundExercise programmes can increase cardiopulmonary reserve and functional capacity prior to surgery and can improve clinical, functional and survival outcomes after a colorectal cancer diagnosis. However, the impact of pre‐ and postoperative exercise on postoperative recovery outcomes and longer‐term health‐related quality of life are unknown; thus, there is a need for high‐quality randomized controlled trials.MethodSupPoRtive Exercise Programmes for Accelerating REcovery after major Abdominal Cancer surgery (PREPARE‐ABC) is a three‐arm multicentre randomized controlled trial with internal pilot. The primary objective is to assess the effects of pre‐ and postoperative exercise on surgical outcomes and longer‐term health‐related quality of life in cancer patients undergoing colorectal resection. The aim of PREPARE‐ABC is to randomize 1146 patients at the individual level (1:1:1) to hospital‐supervised exercise, home‐supported exercise or treatment as usual. The primary outcomes are short‐term (30‐day) morbidity, assessed using the Clavien–Dindo classification, and longer‐term health‐related quality of life, assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Health Questionnaire (36‐item Short‐Form Survey [SF‐36]). Secondary outcomes include cardiopulmonary fitness, physical activity behaviour change, psychological health status and cost‐effectiveness. A process evaluation of intervention delivery and usual care also will be undertaken.DiscussionThis is the first UK‐based definitive randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of pre‐ and postoperative exercise on short‐term postoperative health outcomes and longer‐term health‐related quality of life in colorectal cancer patients. The trial will yield robust clinical and cost‐effectiveness data to underpin clinical guidance on how exercise programmes should be implemented in the routine management of patients undergoing major colorectal cancer surgery.
Genetic susceptibility, obesity and lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes: The ARIC study and Rotterdam Study
Authors: Ligthart Symen , Hasbani Natalie R. , Ahmadizar Fariba , van Herpt Thijs T. W. , Leening Maarten J. G. , Uitterlinden André G. , Sijbrands Eric J. G. , Morrison Alanna C. , Boerwinkle Eric , Pankow James S. , Selvin Elizabeth , Ikram M. Arfan , Kavousi Maryam , de Vries Paul S. , Dehghan Abbas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsBoth lifestyle factors and genetic background contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Estimation of the lifetime risk of diabetes based on genetic information has not been presented, and the extent to which a normal body weight can offset a high lifetime genetic risk is unknown.MethodsWe used data from 15,671 diabetes‐free participants of European ancestry aged 45 years and older from the prospective population‐based ARIC study and Rotterdam Study (RS). We quantified the remaining lifetime risk of diabetes stratified by genetic risk and quantified the effect of normal weight in terms of relative and lifetime risks in low, intermediate and high genetic risk.ResultsAt age 45 years, the lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes in ARIC in the low, intermediate and high genetic risk category was 33.2%, 41.3% and 47.2%, and in RS 22.8%, 30.6% and 35.5% respectively. The absolute lifetime risk for individuals with normal weight compared to individuals with obesity was 24% lower in ARIC and 8.6% lower in RS in the low genetic risk group, 36.3% lower in ARIC and 31.3% lower in RS in the intermediate genetic risk group, and 25.0% lower in ARIC and 29.4% lower in RS in the high genetic risk group.ConclusionsGenetic variants for type 2 diabetes have value in estimating the lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes. Normal weight mitigates partly the deleterious effect of high genetic risk.
Managing collective creativity: Organizational variables to support creative teamwork
Authors: Cirella Stefano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article explores the role of organizational variables in managing and supporting collective creativity, based on case studies developed through collaborative research projects in two industries: fashion textile design and design consultancy. The findings indicate that five distinct variables may support teams and groups in developing their (collective) creativity: a structured process, work‐related team diversity, boundary openness, adequate resources, and support of relevant technology. The results provide new scientific understanding of collective creativity in organizations, and suggest future research directions, with recommendations for creative companies seeking to support collective creativity.
International online survey of 1048 individuals with functional neurological disorder
Authors: Butler Matthew , Shipston‐Sharman Oliver , Seynaeve Mathieu , Bao Jianan , Pick Susannah , Bradley‐Westguard Abigail , Ilola Eveliina , Mildon Bridget , Golder Dawn , Rucker James , Stone Jon , Nicholson Timothy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeFunctional neurological disorder (FND) is common, and symptoms can be severe. There have been no international large‐scale studies of patient experiences of FND.MethodsA patient questionnaire was created to assess FND patient characteristics, symptom comorbidities and illness perceptions. Respondents were recruited internationally through an open access questionnaire via social media and patient groups over a month‐long period.ResultsIn total, 1048 respondents from 16 countries participated. Mean age was 42 years (86% female). Median FND symptom duration was 5 years, and median time from first symptom to diagnosis was 2 years. Mean number of current symptoms (core FND and associated) was 9.9. Many respondents had associated symptoms, for example fatigue (93%), memory difficulties (80%) and headache (70%). Self‐reported psychiatric comorbidities were relatively common (depression, 43%; anxiety, 51%; panic, 20%; and post‐traumatic stress disorder, 22%). Most respondents reported that FND had multiple causes, including physical and psychological.ConclusionsThis large survey adds further evidence that people with FND typically have high levels of multiple symptom comorbidity with resultant distress. It also supports the notion that associated physical symptoms are of particular clinical significance in FND patients. Dualistic ideas of FND were not supported by respondents, who generally preferred to conceptualize the disorder as one at the interface of mind and brain. The need for a broad approach to this poorly served patient group is highlighted. Potential selection and response biases due to distribution of the survey online, mostly via FND patient groups, are a key limitation.
Faster recovery of soil biodiversity in native species mixture than in Eucalyptus monoculture after 60 years afforestation in tropical degraded coastal terraces
Authors: Wu Wenjia , Kuang Luhui , Li Yue , He Lingfeng , Mou Zhijian , Wang Faming , Zhang Jing , Wang Jun , Li Zhi’an , Lambers Hans , Sardans Jordi , Peñuelas Josep , Geisen Stefan , Liu Zhanfeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAfforestation is an effective method to restore degraded land. Afforestation methods vary in their effects on ecosystem multifunctionality, but their effects on soil biodiversity have been largely overlooked. Here, we mapped the biodiversity and functioning of multiple soil organism groups resulting from diverse afforestation methods in tropical coastal terraces. Sixty years after afforestation from bare land (BL), plant species richness and the abundance of plant litter (398 ± 85 g m−2) and plant biomass (179 ± 3.7 t ha−1) in native tree species mixtures (MF) were restored to the level of native forests (NF; 287 ± 21 g m−2 and 243.0 ± 33 t ha−1, respectively), while Eucalyptus monoculture (EP) only successfully restored the litter mass (388 ± 43 g m−2) to the level of NF. Soil fertility in EP and MF was increased but remained lower than in NF. For example, soil nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in MF (1.2 ± 0.2 g kg−1 and 408 ± 49 mg kg−1, respectively; p < 0.05) were lower than in NF (1.8 ± 0.2 g kg−1 and 523 ± 24 mg kg−1, respectively; p < 0.05). Soil biodiversity, abundance (except for nematodes), and community composition in MF were similar or greater than those in NF. In contrast, restoration with EP only enhanced the diversity of microbes and mites to the level of NF, but not for other soil biota. Together, afforestation with native species mixtures can end up restoring vegetation and most aspects of the taxonomic and functional biodiversity in soil whereas monoculture using fast‐growing non‐native species cannot. Native species mixtures show a greater potential to reach completely similar levels of soil biodiversity in local natural forests if they are received some more decades of afforestation. Multifunctionality of soil biotic community should be considered to accelerate such processes in future restoration practices.
Advancing children’s geographies through ‘grey areas’ of age and childhood
Authors: Khan Adrian A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChildren’s Geographies actively engages with critical understandings of age‐based research. However, the concept of age is an uncritical entity in these studies fueled by western concepts of childhood. Demarcating age numerically runs the risk of measuring childhoods in the Majority Worlds with Minority World concepts that are not culturally sensitive, but also forecloses any innovations. Researchers often spend so long debating definitions and boundaries when it is often in the grey areas of scholarship and life that the most exciting events and outcomes occur. This review begins with navigating ‘grey areas of age’ from how it is often measured in spaces of conceptual ambiguity with regards to experiences of being in between formal definitions of childhood or ‘Children’s Geographies.’ This is elaborated upon from Eurocentric linages that have shaped the subfield of Children’s Geographies, and in which the subfield should continue shifting from to further decolonize Eurocentric research related to age and childhood. The paper ends by presenting ways of further advancing the subfield of Children’s Geographies through (inter)generational positioning concepts and new interdisciplinary life course studies that further nuances the social variable of age as a grey area in the subfield.
“Here be dragons!” The gross under‐representation of the Global South on editorial boards in Geography
Authors: Hedding David William , Breetzke Gregory 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOne manifestation of the glaring lack of equality, diversity, and inclusion in higher education relates to the underrepresentation of certain individuals and/or regions in the scholarly publication process. Here, we analyse the affiliations of editorial board members in 126 Geography journals. Specifically, we examine editorial board membership by region and determine the extent to which the regional representation of editorial board members is associated with journal impact factor as a measure of journal reach and quality. Of the 5,202 editorial board members examined, almost 80% are located in mainland Europe, North America, and the British Isles, while roughly five percent are located in Central America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa combined. Moreover, editorial board members located in these four regions from the Global South are most often editorial board members of journals in the lowest quartile (by impact factor). These findings highlight the outdated and exclusionary practices that pervade the scholarly publication process in science in general, and Geography specifically.
Including Vertical Fault Structures in Layered Groundwater Flow Models
Authors: McCallum James L. , Noorduijn Saskia L. , Simmons Craig T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccurate representation of groundwater flow and solute transport requires a sound representation of the underlying geometry of aquifers. Faults can have a significant influence on the structure and connectivity of aquifers, which may allow permeable units to connect, and aquifers to seal when juxtaposed against lower permeability units. Robust representation of groundwater flow around faults remains challenging despite the significance of faults for flow and transport. We present a methodology for the inclusion of faults utilizing the unstructured grid features of MODFLOW‐USG and MODFLOW 6. The method focuses on the representation of fault geometries using non‐neighbor connections between juxtaposed layers. We present an illustration of the method for a synthetic fluvial aquifer. The combined impact of the heterogeneous aquifer and fault offset is clearly visible where channel features at different depths in the aquifer were connected at the fault. These results highlight the importance of representing fault features in groundwater flow models.
Making connections: Harnessing the diversity of strategy‐as‐practice research
Authors: Kohtamäki Marko , Whittington Richard , Vaara Eero , Rabetino Rodrigo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStrategy‐as‐practice (SAP) has become one of the most vibrant areas of contemporary strategy research in the past two decades. As the field has grown significantly, we have witnessed an emergence of distinct streams of research within the SAP research community. Thus, it is time to take stock of this body of work to better understand the structure of the field and provide a refreshed agenda for future research. Our review is based on bibliometric analysis and a systematic review of 340 articles. As a result, we identify the following six clusters of research: praxis, sensemaking, discourse, sociomateriality, institutional and process. Co‐citation analysis shows significant disconnects between some of these clusters. Building on our review, we identify various ‘crossing strategies’ for connecting across four disconnects: (i) micro and macro; (ii) sociomaterial and discourse; (iii) critical and more mainstream; and (iv) practice and process perspectives. By harnessing diversity, these crossing strategies suggest rich agendas for future SAP research, ranging from digitalization to gender inequality.
Coping with precarity during COVID‐19: A study of platform work in Poland
Authors: MUSZYŃSKI Karol , PULIGNANO Valeria , DOMECKA Markieta , MROZOWICKI Adam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article explores how the COVID‐19 pandemic has affected platform workers' work and life experiences in Poland and how they have responded. These workers have been exposed to substantial fluctuations in demand during the pandemic, magnifying the distortions existing in an unregulated asymmetrical employment relationship that diverges from the standard employment relationship. Findings illustrate how workers have attempted to reduce the disruptions underpinning this relationship by adopting different strategies, which resemble Hirschman's typology of exit, voice and loyalty. The authors explain workers' choice of strategy by different levels of access to resources and institutional capabilities, as well as by variations in workers' orientations.
What makes a hydrogel‐based dressing advantageous for the prevention of medical device‐related pressure ulcers
Authors: Grigatti Angela , Gefen Amit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe synergistic influences of geometrical, mechanical and thermal mismatches between a skin‐contacting medical device and the skin may cause tissue stress concentrations and sharp temperature gradients, both of which contribute to the risk for medical device‐related pressure ulcers. In this work, we developed an innovative, integrated experimental bioengineering approach encompassing mechanical stiffness, friction and thermal property studies for testing the biomechanical suitability of a hydrogel‐based dressing in prophylaxis of injuries caused by devices. We characterised the viscoelastic stress relaxation of the dressing and determined its long‐term elastic modulus. We further measured the coefficient of friction of the hydrogel‐based dressing at dressing‐device and skin‐dressing interfaces, using a tilting‐table tribometer. Lastly, we measured the thermal conductivity of the dressing, using a heat‐flow meter and infrared thermography‐based method. All measurements considered dry and moist conditions, the latter simulating skin perspiration effects. Our results revealed that the long‐term stiffness and the thermal conductivity of the hydrogel‐based dressing matched the corresponding properties of human skin for both dry and moist conditions. The dressing further demonstrated a relatively high coefficient of friction at its skin‐facing and device‐facing aspects, indicating minimal frictional sliding. All these properties make the above dressing advantageous for prevention of device‐related injuries.
Effect of interconnect pre‐oxidation on high‐temperature wettability and mechanical properties of glass seals in SOFC
Authors: Li Ruizhu , Tao Mengxuan , Wang Pan , Yang Jiajun , Ma Ben , Chi Bo , Pu Jian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetallic interconnect oxidation has a significant influence on shear strength between interconnect and sealing glass in SOFC stack operation. This is attributed to high‐temperature mutual wettability. In this work, the glass having different crystallization kinetics was chosen to evaluate wettability and shear strength on Fe–16Cr alloy, which was heated treated at 750°C for 0, 50, and 100 h, forming oxide scale with a varying rough surface. Visual observation was used to quantify equilibrium contact angles between glass and substrates. The results illustrated that alloy oxidized for 50 h exhibited better wettability and shear strength, implying that thickness and roughness of the oxide scale are critical to enhancing interface joint strength. Long‐term testing indicated that thermally stable glass possesses higher joint shear strength and more consistent properties. It was found that precipitated crystalline phases limited improvement of glass wettability, resulting in interfacial delamination of the glass/alloy layer over long‐term operation.
Effect of alloying elements on stacking fault energies and twinnabilities in high‐entropy transition‐metal carbides
Authors: Ma Li , Wang Zhipeng , Huang Jinli , Huang Guohua , Xue Min , Tang Pingying , Fan Touwen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTwinning is a fundamental mechanism behind the simultaneous increase in the strength and ductility of high‐entropy alloys. Similar approaches may contribute to the remarkable improvements of the mechanical properties of high‐entropy ceramics. In this study, the stacking fault energies (SFEs) and twinnabilities of a novel category of ZrNbTa‐based high‐entropy transition‐metal carbides (HETMCs) are investigated in terms of their generalized stacking fault energy curves (γ‐curves) via first‐principle calculations. Theγ‐curves show that dislocation nucleation in ZrNbTa‐based HETMCs occurs more easily than that of unary transition metal (TM, TM = Zr, Nb, Ta, Hf, Ti, V) carbides. When a pre‐existing intrinsic stacking fault (ISF) is considered, C‐ vertices (TM‐ mirror) twinning fault (TF) more likely forms and TF may be more stable than ISF. The stable SFEs of C‐ vertices ISF and TF decrease with the addition of Hf, Ti, and V atoms to (ZrNbTa)C owing to the severe local lattice distortion. The calculated barrier energies and twinnabilities further indicate that twinning is possible for the selected ZrNbTa‐based HETMCs. Theoretical twinnabilities (τa) decrease in the following sequence: (ZrNbTa)C > (ZrNbTaHfTi)C > (ZrNbTaHf)C > (ZrNbTaHfTiV)C. Thus, the addition of Hf, Ti, and V atoms to (ZrNbTa)C may decrease the twinning probability. This study may be used as a guide for the design of twinning‐induced plasticity HETMCs with excellent mechanical properties.
Insights into fear: A phenomenological study of Black mothers
Authors: Dormire Sharon L. , Gary Jodie C. , Norman Jamil M. , Harvey Idethia Shevon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to explore the lived experience of stress as described by Black childbearing women.DesignA phenomenological approach was used.MethodsSeven mothers who met inclusion criteria participated in both individual and group interviews between August 2018 and August 2019. Each session was audio recorded and professionally transcribed. Consistent with van Manen's phenomenological approach, three rounds of reflective transcript analysis were conducted over several months.ResultsSeveral stress themes were identified from the data. However, the most pervasive theme was the fear of having a son and keeping him safe. In this paper, the themes of Living in Fear and Living with Fear are detailed.ConclusionPrevious research has found that Black populations in America fear for their safety. This study identified a pervasive and profound fear for their children, specifically sons who are at a higher risk of being killed in normal daily activities. Mothers also expressed fears about their responsibility to keep them safe by providing the right tools.ImpactAlthough scientists have long studied poor pregnancy outcomes for Black American women, the disparity persists. This study sought to identify stressors acknowledged by Black mothers themselves. For the first time, Black mothers stated that their primary stress is fear for their children's lives. The role this fear has in adverse pregnancy outcomes, if any, is yet to be determined.
Pressure injuries and skin tone diversity in undergraduate nurse education: Qualitative perspectives from a mixed methods study
Authors: Oozageer Gunowa Neesha , Hutchinson Marie , Brooke Joanne , Aveyard Helen , Jackson Debra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo, firstly, explore student and academic nurse perceptions of classroom content about the assessment and identification of pressure injuries across skin tone diversity and, secondly, to describe the impact of classroom content on student nurse understanding of pressure injury in people with dark skin tones.DesignQualitative case study employing focus groups and semi‐structured interviews.MethodsFive higher education institutions in the United Kingdom were purposively chosen. At each of the five‐case sites, one focus group with student nurses and one semi‐structured interview with a nurse academic were conducted between May 2018 and April 2019. The participants’ narratives were transcribed verbatim and analysed via thematic analysis.ResultsClassroom learning was predominately framed through a white lens with white normativity being strongly reinforced through teaching and learning activities. This reinforcement of white normativity was evidenced through two main themes: (i) dominance of whiteness in the teaching and learning of pressure injuries in undergraduate nurse education and (ii) the impact and implications for student nurses of whiteness as the norm in pressure injury teaching.ConclusionNurses responsible for the design and delivery of teaching and learning experiences for nursing students need to ensure meaningful teaching and learning experiences. This learning should assist future nurses to interrogate their complicity in a system of white dominance.ImpactNurse education delivered today influences and shapes nurses of the future. Nurses are the cornerstone of healthcare and play a significant role in the delivery of equitable healthcare. Nurse academics have a duty of care to inform and highlight health inequities in nursing and ultimately to enhance equity in care.