bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Willpower through cultural tools: An example from alcoholics anonymous
Authors: Acquaro Pamela , Sosis Richard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We argue that a closer look at the practices and tools that humans use to support willpower, and the cultural contexts in which they are employed, can broaden the applicability of Ainslie's theory and facilitate the development of more effective self-control techniques. To support our argument, we examine Alcoholics Anonymous's method of temptation resistance known as “playing the tape through” (PTT).
Present-state dependency in valuation of the future
Authors: Monterosso John R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ainslie's target article provides a map of distinct mechanisms relevant to self-control, potentially providing needed precision to the field. He also breaks new ground in characterizing the symbiotic relationship between suppression and resolve. In this commentary, I argue that one behaviorism-based feature of his framework, present-state independence, is unjustified and unnecessary for the broader claims of the theory.
The complex nature of willpower and conceptual mapping of its normative significance in research on stress, addiction, and dementia
Authors: Dubljević Veljko , Neupert Shevaun D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Willpower (as suppression, resolve, and habit) has ramifications for autonomy and mental time-travel. Autonomy presupposes mature powers of volition and the capacity to anticipate future events and consequences of one's actions. Ainslie's study is useful to clarify basic autonomy in addiction and dementia. Furthermore, we show how our study on coping with stress can be applied to suppression and resolve.
Aspiration fuels willpower: Evidence from the addiction literature
Authors: Heyman Gene M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ainslie identifies two possible motivational sources for resolve: “thinking categorically” and “intertemporal bargaining.” Ainslie opts for intertemporal bargaining, adding that thinking categorically has no motivational power. The most researched instance of willpower is remission from addiction. This literature shows that aspirations for a more desirable identity and comfortable lifestyle motivate remission. In other words, “thinking categorically” drives willpower.
Spotify and the democratisation of music
Authors: Hodgson Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe corporate rhetoric of streaming platforms often assumes a tight link between their scale-making ambitions on the one hand and the creative interests of musicians on the other. In practice, most musicians recognise that claims of musical ‘democratisation’ are deeply flawed. The creative ambivalence this produces is an understudied pillar in scholarship on digital music platforms and suggests that these systems can be more creatively constrictive than empowering. Based on ethnographic research among Spotify engineers, record labels and musicians, this article explores how music recommendation systems become inculcated with a corporate rhetoric of ‘scalability’ and considers, following Anna Tsing, how this impacts musical creativity further down the value chain. I argue that the ‘creative ambivalence’ that these technologies produce should be more fully understood as woven into a complex web of social relations and corporate interests than prevailing claims of technological objectivity and ‘democratisation’ suggest.
Assessment of bone mineral density in children with congenital cyanotic heart disease
Authors: Elsharkawy Ashraf A. , El-Hawary Amany K. , Alsawah Gehan A. , Aboelenin Hadil M. , Awad Mohammad H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground:Cyanotic CHD is one of many disorders in paediatrics that influence the health of children in different clinical aspects. One of the fundamental aspects that may be affected is bone mineral density.Objectives:The aim of our study is to assess bone mineral density in children with congenital cyanotic heart disease of different anatomical diagnoses.Design/Methods:Cross-sectional, observational study included 39 patients (20 males) with congenital cyanotic heart disease of different anatomical diagnoses following with the cardiology clinic in Mansoura University children’s hospital. All patients were subjected to anthropometric measures, oxygen saturation assessment, and lumber bone mineral density using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Results:Six patients (15.4%) out of the 39 included patients showed bone mineral density reduction, 13 patients (33.3%) showed bone mineral density with Z-score between −1 and −2, while 20 patients (51.3%) showed bone mineral density with Z-score more than −1.Conclusion:Low bone mineral density can be found in children with cyanotic CHD, making it important to consider bone mineral density assessment and early treatment if needed to avoid further complications.
The Language of the Xūz and the Fate of Elamite
Authors: VAN BLADEL KEVIN T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the language of the Xūz mentioned in Arabic sources, endorsing the view that it is the latest attestation of the Elamite language. Drawing on models from historical sociolinguistics, it also studies the problem of mutual acculturation between speakers of Elamite and Persian in antiquity.
RIESZ TRANSFORMS ON COMPACT QUANTUM GROUPS AND STRONG SOLIDITY
Authors: Caspers Martijn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOne of the main aims of this paper is to give a large class of strongly solid compact quantum groups. We do this by using quantum Markov semigroups and noncommutative Riesz transforms. We introduce a property for quantum Markov semigroups of central multipliers on a compact quantum group which we shall call ‘approximate linearity with almost commuting intertwiners’. We show that this property is stable under free products, monoidal equivalence, free wreath products and dual quantum subgroups. Examples include in particular all the (higher-dimensional) free orthogonal easy quantum groups.We then show that a compact quantum group with a quantum Markov semigroup that is approximately linear with almost commuting intertwiners satisfies the immediately gradient-${\mathcal {S}}_2$condition from [10] and derive strong solidity results (following [10]). Using the noncommutative Riesz transform we also show that these quantum groups have the Akemann–Ostrand property; in particular, the same strong solidity results follow again (now following [27]).
Latitudinal, Diurnal, and Seasonal Variations in the Accuracy of an RTK Positioning System and Its Relationship With Ionospheric Irregularities
Authors: Follestad A. F. , Clausen L. B. N. , Moen J. I. , Jacobsen K. S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Norwegian Mapping Authority operates a network real time kinematic (RTK) system called CPOS, a positioning service providing centimeter level accuracy aimed at commercial users, for example, in civil engineering, excavation, and surveying. CPOS is based on multiple Global Navigation Satellite Systems (multi‐GNSS) in addition to base stations to provide correction data. CPOS position accuracy is subject to disturbances arising from space weather phenomena, which can disturb and disrupt GNSS signals. Studies have shown that CPOS performance is sensitive to the presence of plasma irregularities, usually quantified by the rate of change of total electron content index (ROTI). This study investigates the performance of CPOS over a 3‐year period, and its relationship with ionospheric irregularities. In a statistical analysis, we observe that CPOS position errors have seasonal, diurnal, and latitudinal variations. The most frequent position errors occur around magnetic noon and are of moderate severity, while the largest position errors occur around night‐time, agreeing well with climatology studies on GNSS scintillations. Additionally, we investigate ionospheric irregularities as characterized by the rate of TEC index (ROTI). We find that there is a significant correlation between CPOS accuracy and ROTI, but that there are also other contributing factors.
3‐D Density Structure of the Lunar Mascon Basins Revealed by a High‐Efficient Gravity Inversion of the GRAIL Data
Authors: Zhao Guangdong , Liu Jianxin , Chen Bo , Kaban Mikhail K. , Du Jinsong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe lunar mascon basins are characterized by high gravity anomalies and thin crust. Study of the density structure beneath the mascon basins can help to understand the origin of these gravity anomalies and infer their formation and evolution. We propose an efficient forward gravity method based on the 3‐D Gauss‐Legendre quadrature (GLQ) and Fast Fourier Transforms combined with the adaptive discretization strategy to ensure high accuracy. The numerical example demonstrates that computational efficiency is increased by about three orders of magnitude compared to the traditional 3D GLQ method. We employ this forward method in a 3‐D inversion of the gravity data derived from the lunar gravity model GL1500E. The inverted results show prominent high‐density structures (namely, mascons) representing significant mantle uplift and thinned crust beneath most impact basins. Marked low‐density rings surround the mascons. Most of the corresponding low‐density anomalies extend from the near‐surface to the Moho, indicating a thick, low‐density crust. Our density model is consistent with the formation processes of mascons that an impact causes collapse of the transient crater and then the shocked mantle drives mantle flow. The low‐density rings surrounding the mascons may stem from the crust thickening following an impact and extensive fracturing of the crustal column.
R2O2R Improvements Identified by United States Space Weather Forecasters
Authors: Butler E. C. , Keller J. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA communication deficit exists between the space weather research and forecast communities in the research‐to‐operations‐to‐research (R2O2R) pipeline. No formal, citable space exists for forecasters to communicate needs and lessons learned to the research community (O2R). This deficit was termed the “valleys of death and lost opportunities” (NRC, 2003, https://doi.org/10.17226/10658) and has resulted in advancements taking up to 20 years or more to become forecast operational. To provide this communication space, we surveyed a group of US civilian space weather forecasters on their needed improvements, use of available resources, and interactions with researchers, via a combination of questionnaire and focus group discussions. Nineteen needed improvements were identified, clustering into four categories: scientific understanding, access to data, forecast office tools, and instrumentation. Participants appeared to prefer resources with a robust data stream of high‐resolution and high‐time cadence data which suffer few technical issues. Participants want to be included in tool development more often and earlier in the process as they felt they were “seldom listened to when it comes to what [they] actually need.”
Prostate epithelial genes define therapy-relevant prostate cancer molecular subtype
Authors: Han Hyunho , Lee Hyung Ho , Choi Kwibok , Moon Young Jun , Heo Ji Eun , Ham Won Sik , Jang Won Sik , Rha Koon Ho , Cho Nam Hoon , Giancotti Filippo G. , Choi Young-Deuk 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives
Transcriptomic landscape of prostate cancer (PCa) shows multidimensional variability, potentially arising from the cell-of-origin, reflected in serum markers, and most importantly related to drug sensitivities. For example, Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancer (AVPC) presents low PSA per tumor burden, and characterized by de novo resistance to androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARIs). Understanding PCa transcriptomic complexity can provide biological insight and therapeutic guidance. However, unsupervised clustering analysis is hindered by potential confounding factors such as stromal contamination and stress-related material degradation.

Materials and methods
To focus on prostate epithelial cell-relevant heterogeneity, we defined 1,629 genes expressed by prostate epithelial cells by analyzing publicly available bulk and single- cell RNA sequencing data. Consensus clustering and CIBERSORT deconvolution were used for class discovery and proportion estimate analysis. The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma dataset served as a training set. The resulting clusters were analyzed in association with clinical, pathologic, and genomic characteristics and impact on survival. Serum markers PSA and PAP was analyzed to predict response to docetaxel chemotherapy in metastatic setting.

Results
We identified two luminal subtypes and two aggressive variant subtypes of PCa: luminal A (Adipogenic/AR-active/PSA-high) (30.0%); luminal S (Secretory/PAP-high) (26.0%); AVPC-I (Immune-infiltrative) (14.7%), AVPC-M (Myc-active) (4.2%), and mixed (25.0%). AVPC-I and AVPC-M subtypes predicted to be resistant to ARI and have low PSA per tumor burden. Luminal A and AVPC-M predicted to be resistant to docetaxel and have high PSA/PAP Ratio. Metastatic PCa patients with high PSA/PAP ratio (>20) had significantly shorter progression-free survival than those with low ratio (≤20) following docetaxel chemotherapy.

Conclusion
We propose four prostate adenocarcinoma subtypes with distinct transcriptomic, genomic, and pathologic characteristics. PSA/PAP ratio in advanced cancer may aid in determining which patients would benefit from maximized androgen receptor inhibition or early use of antimicrotubule agents.
Archaeal extracellular vesicles are produced in an ESCRT-dependent manner and promote gene transfer and nutrient cycling in extreme environments
Authors: Liu Junfeng , Cvirkaite-Krupovic Virginija , Commere Pierre-Henri , Yang Yunfeng , Zhou Fan , Forterre Patrick , Shen Yulong , Krupovic Mart 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by cells from all three domains of life, transport various molecules and act as agents of intercellular communication in diverse environments. Here we demonstrate that EVs produced by a hyperthermophilic and acidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus islandicus carry not only a diverse proteome, enriched in membrane proteins, but also chromosomal and plasmid DNA, and can transfer this DNA to recipient cells. Furthermore, we show that EVs can support the heterotrophic growth of Sulfolobus in minimal medium, implicating EVs in carbon and nitrogen fluxes in extreme environments. Finally, our results indicate that, similar to eukaryotes, production of EVs in S. islandicus depends on the archaeal ESCRT machinery. We find that all components of the ESCRT apparatus are encapsidated into EVs. Using synchronized S. islandicus cultures, we show that EV production is linked to cell division and appears to be triggered by increased expression of ESCRT proteins during this cell cycle phase. Using a CRISPR-based knockdown system, we show that archaeal ESCRT-III and AAA+ ATPase Vps4 are required for EV production, whereas archaea-specific component CdvA appears to be dispensable. In particular, the active EV production appears to coincide with the expression patterns of ESCRT-III-1 and ESCRT-III-2, rather than ESCRT-III, suggesting a prime role of these proteins in EV budding. Collectively, our results suggest that ESCRT-mediated EV biogenesis has deep evolutionary roots, likely predating the divergence of eukaryotes and archaea, and that EVs play an important role in horizontal gene transfer and nutrient cycling in extreme environments.
New classification of periodontal diseases (NCPD): an application in a sub-Saharan country
Authors: Ndjidda Bakari William , Thiam Diabel , Mbow Ndeye Lira , Samb Anna , Guirassy Mouhamadou Lamine , Diallo Ahmad Moustapha , Diouf Abdoulaye , Diallo Adam Seck , Benoist Henri Michel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the clinical and radiological profile of periodontitis according to the 2018 NCPD, in a Dakar (Senegal) based periodontal clinic.

Methods
This is a descriptive study based on patient’s records in the periodontology clinic. The study was conducted between November 2018 and February 2020 (15 months). All periodontitis cases were included in the study. Incomplete records (due to lack of radiographic workup or unusable periodontal charting) were excluded. Periodontitis diagnosis was established based on criteria used in the 2018 NCPD. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20.0, with the significance threshold set at 0.05.

Results
A total number of 517 patient records were collected during the study period but only 127 periodontitis records were complete. The mean age of participants was 46.8 ± 13.8 years and 63.8% of participants were males. The mean plaque index and bleeding on probing (BOP) were 74% ± 21.3 and 58.1% ± 25.1, respectively. The mean maximum clinical attachment loss was 8.7 mm ±2.7, with a probing depth greater than 6 mm present in 50.4% of the sample. The median number of missing teeth was 3 (interquartile range 5–1). Pathological mobility was present in 60.6% of the patients and 78.0% had occlusion problems. Bone crest defect at the most affected site was moderate in 52.8% of cases. The ratio of bone loss to age greater than one concerned 66.1% of the sample. Generalised (81.9%), Stage IV (70.1%) and grade C (69.3%) were the most encountered diagnosis. The disease severity was associated with age (r = 0.241; P < 0.001), BOP (r = 0.230; P = 0.013) and the number of teeth with pathological mobility (r = 0.318; P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Patients with periodontitis in this study had advanced forms of the disease and required multidisciplinary care. Clinical hindsight is necessary to improve this classification.
Genomic insights into the conservation status of the world’s last remaining Sumatran rhinoceros populations
Authors: von Seth Johanna , Dussex Nicolas , Díez-del-Molino David , van der Valk Tom , Kutschera Verena E. , Kierczak Marcin , Steiner Cynthia C. , Liu Shanlin , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Sinding Mikkel-Holger S. , Prost Stefan , Guschanski Katerina , Nathan Senthilvel K. S. S. , Brace Selina , Chan Yvonne L. , Wheat Christopher W. , Skoglund Pontus , Ryder Oliver A. , Goossens Benoit , Götherström Anders , Dalén Love 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSmall populations are often exposed to high inbreeding and mutational load that can increase the risk of extinction. The Sumatran rhinoceros was widespread in Southeast Asia, but is now restricted to small and isolated populations on Sumatra and Borneo, and most likely extinct on the Malay Peninsula. Here, we analyse 5 historical and 16 modern genomes from these populations to investigate the genomic consequences of the recent decline, such as increased inbreeding and mutational load. We find that the Malay Peninsula population experienced increased inbreeding shortly before extirpation, which possibly was accompanied by purging. The populations on Sumatra and Borneo instead show low inbreeding, but high mutational load. The currently small population sizes may thus in the near future lead to inbreeding depression. Moreover, we find little evidence for differences in local adaptation among populations, suggesting that future inbreeding depression could potentially be mitigated by assisted gene flow among populations.
Genomic diversity contributes to the neuroinvasiveness of the Yellow fever French neurotropic vaccine
Authors: Bakoa Florian , Préhaud Christophe , Beauclair Guillaume , Chazal Maxime , Mantel Nathalie , Lafon Monique , Jouvenet Nolwenn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMass vaccination with the live attenuated vaccine YF-17D is the current way to prevent infection with Yellow fever virus (YFV). However, 0.000012–0.00002% of vaccinated patients develop post-vaccination neurological syndrome (YEL-AND). Understanding the factors responsible for neuroinvasion, neurotropism, and neurovirulence of the vaccine is critical for improving its biosafety. The YF-FNV vaccine strain, known to be associated with a higher frequency of YEL-AND (0.3–0.4%) than YF-17D, is an excellent model to study vaccine neuroinvasiveness. We determined that neuroinvasiveness of YF-FNV occured both via infection and passage through human brain endothelial cells. Plaque purification and next generation sequencing (NGS) identified several neuroinvasive variants. Their neuroinvasiveness was not higher than that of YF-FNV. However, rebuilding the YF-FNV population diversity from a set of isolated YF-FNV-N variants restored the original neuroinvasive phenotype of YF-FNV. Therefore, we conclude that viral population diversity is a critical factor for YFV vaccine neuroinvasiveness.
Fc-GDF15 glyco-engineering and receptor binding affinity optimization for body weight regulation
Authors: Fung Ella , Kang Liya , Sapashnik Diana , Benard Susan , Sievers Annette , Liu Yan , Yan Guoying , Zhou Jing , Rodriguez Linette , Ma Weijun , Stochaj Wayne R. , LaVallie Edward , Wroblewska Liliana , Kelleher Kerry , Tam Amy , Bezy Olivier , Breen Danna , Chabot Jeffrey R. , He Tao , Lin Laura , Wu Zhidan , Mosyak Lidia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGDF15 is a distant TGF-β family member that induces anorexia and weight loss. Due to its function, GDF15 has attracted attention as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. However, the pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties of GDF15 present several challenges for its development as a therapeutic, including a short half-life, high aggregation propensity, and protease susceptibility in serum. Here, we report the design, characterization and optimization of GDF15 in an Fc-fusion protein format with improved therapeutic properties. Using a structure-based engineering approach, we combined knob-into-hole Fc technology and N-linked glycosylation site mutagenesis for half-life extension, improved solubility and protease resistance. In addition, we identified a set of mutations at the receptor binding site of GDF15 that show increased GFRAL binding affinity and led to significant half-life extension. We also identified a single point mutation that increases p-ERK signaling activity and results in improved weight loss efficacy in vivo. Taken together, our findings allowed us to develop GDF15 in a new therapeutic format that demonstrates better efficacy and potential for improved manufacturability.
Dating the landscape evolution around the Chauvet-Pont d’Arc cave
Authors: Genuite Kim , Delannoy Jean-Jacques , Bahain Jean-Jacques , Gresse Marceau , Jaillet Stéphane , Philippe Anne , Pons-Branchu Edwige , Revil André , Voinchet Pierre 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Chauvet cave (UNESCO World Heritage site, France) is located in the Ardèche Gorge, a unique physical and cultural landscape. Its setting within the gorge—overlooking a meander cutoff containing a natural arch called the Pont d’Arc—is also remarkable. Investigating possible associations between sites’ physical and cultural settings, chronologies of human occupation, and access conditions has become a major theme in archeological research. The present study aims to reconstruct the landscape of the Pont d'Arc meander cutoff during the Upper Paleolithic, when humans were present in the Chauvet Cave. We used uranium-series and electron spin resonance analyses to date the formation of the Pont d’Arc natural arch in the Combe d’Arc meander cutoff, near the Chauvet Cave. Results show that the meander became totally cutoff between 108 and 138 ka (95%). Hence, the natural arch formed before the Upper Paleolithic and the first known human presence in the Chauvet Cave, dated to 37 ka cal BP. These results allowed us to reconstruct a key part of the landscape surrounding the Chauvet Cave when it was being used by Upper-Paleolithic societies.