bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weitspannende Sandwichelemente mit vorgespannten Textilbetondeckschichten und geschäumter Kernschicht
Authors: von der Heid Ann‐Christine , Stark Alexander , Will Norbert , Hegger Josef 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDurch die Kombination von hochfestem Beton und korrosionsresistenten Bewehrungsmaterialien aus carbonfaserverstärktem Kunststoff (CFK) lassen sich Sandwichelemente mit dünnen Deckschichten herstellen, die sich durch eine hohe Tragfähigkeit bei gleichzeitig geringem Gewicht und sehr gute bauphysikalische Eigenschaften auszeichnen. Die hohe Zugfestigkeit des CFK von etwa 2 500 N/mm2 ermöglicht auch das Vorspannen der Deckschichten zur Reduzierung der Durchbiegung bei weitspannenden Elementen. Die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Sandwichelemente wird maßgeblich durch die Schubsteifigkeit des Kerns und den Verbund zwischen den einzelnen Schichten beeinflusst. Mit konventionellen Herstellungsmethoden und vorkonfektionierten Dämmstoffplatten wird nur ein mäßiger Verbund zu den Betondeckschichten erreicht. Daher wird ein Zwei‐Komponenten‐Reaktionsgemisch aus Polyurethan (PUR) zwischen die bereits erhärteten Deckschichten eingebracht, das die Verbundeigenschaften zwischen den einzelnen Schichten signifikant verbessert.Im Zuge eines von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) geförderten Projekts wurden solche weitspannende Sandwichelemente mit filigranen und vorgespannten Deckschichten entwickelt, die über einen geschäumten PUR‐Kern und linienförmige Verbundmittel miteinander verbunden sind. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden der Aufbau der Sandwichelemente, die Herstellung von großformatigen Plattenstreifen und die Ergebnisse von Biegeversuchen vorgestellt.
Mock grant application roleplay as an alternative to lab‐based activities in molecular biology
Authors: Tan Hock Siew 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany universities resort to online teaching due to COVID‐19 pandemic. It is a challenging endeavor, especially in Molecular Biology courses that require lab access. Mock grant application roleplay is one alternative to lab‐based activities. Students are engaged in three aspects: (i) targeted literature review, (ii) research proposal writing and (iii) 5‐min project pitching. The design of this module is flexible and, other lab‐based courses can adopt it. This module encourages undergraduate students to explore the lab techniques they learnt and concisely present their research proposal.
What drives market construction for fair trade, organic, and GlobalGAP certification in the global citrus value chain? Evidence at the importer level in the Netherlands and the United States
Authors: Mook Anne , Overdevest Christine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBecause national governments have limited power to regulate the conditions of production abroad, voluntary certification schemes have come to play a significant role in transnational regulation of many global supply chains, particularly in the food sector, where multiple regulatory issues are in play and different certification schemes compete. However, we still know relatively little about the political‐economic factors that shape the construction of certified citrus markets for these competing standards. Based on an original dataset from a comparative survey of US and Dutch importers, this paper investigates factors that shape the construction of certification markets for citrus, focusing on the construction of markets for different kinds of certification schemes including Fair Trade, Organic, and GlobalGAP certification. The paper investigates from a comparative perspective whether the construction of markets differs across the US and Dutch political economies. The results show both the enduring effects of national political economies and the importance of global value chain dynamics. Across competing schemes, the industry‐sponsored business‐to‐business certification systems have outcompeted consumer‐facing label systems.
Percutaneous deep venous arterialization at femoropopliteal segment for unhealed amputated stump ulcer after below the knee amputation
Authors: Ichihashi Shigeo , Tamura Yamato , Maeda Shinsaku , Kichikawa Kimihiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEfficacy of percutaneous deep venous arterialization (pDVA) has been reported for patients with no‐option chronic limb threatening ischemia. To date, the procedure has been limited for below the knee/below the ankle occlusive disease. The present report describes the pDVA performed at a femoropopliteal segment for a patient with a stump complication after below the knee amputation. The patient was a 70‐year‐old male who had a history of endovascular treatment in the right superficial femoral artery (SFA) and below knee amputation 6 years before. He had an unhealed ulcer at the amputated stump for 3 years. Computed tomography angiography demonstrated occluded right SFA, with a stenotic popliteal artery. Revascularization was considered unfeasible due to the absence of run off vessels. In order to improve the perfusion at the ulcer, pDVA was performed at the distal SFA level, bridging SFA and femoral vein using stent grafts. The final angiogram demonstrated the revascularized SFA connecting to popliteal vein with a brisk flow. After pDVA, the stump ulcer improved and the stent grafts were kept patent after 6 months of the procedure. pDVA at the SFA level was technically feasible and could be a useful approach for stump complication after below knee amputation.
Bifunctional Co‐based Catalysts for Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis: Descriptors Affecting the Product Distribution
Authors: Straß‐Eifert Angela , van der Wal Lars I. , Hernández Mejía Carlos , Weber Lennart J. , Yoshida Hideto , Zečević Jovana , de Jong Krijn P. , Güttel Robert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons in the Fischer‐Tropsch (FT) synthesis suffers from a broad product distribution not directly providing high fuel quality. This work, therefore, aims at bifunctional catalysts combining the FT and hydroprocessing (HP) reaction for tailoring the product spectrum. Therefore, we applied a bottom‐up synthesis strategy for bifunctional cobalt/zeolite catalysts and investigated the obtained materials by advanced characterizations such as 3D TEM tomography. Based on the results, descriptors are defined for the acidity and the porosity, which are varied by changing the material preparation parameters. The catalytic properties of the obtained materials are studied in FT experiments at industrially relevant conditions (20 bar, 240 and 260 °C) and are correlated to the material properties by means of the respective descriptors. Therefore, the product distribution was analyzed in detail and distinguished between n‐paraffins and 1‐olefins as typical FT‐products as well as paraffinic and olefinic isomers formed in the HP classified in different fractions. It was found that, apart from the acidity, the pore structure plays a vital role in primary and secondary cracking/isomerization reactions. In addition to that, the particular 3D pore structure and thus the individual transport trajectories of the FT products are strongly affecting the cracking and isomerization probability and consequently the product distribution.
Polyoxotungstate Archetype {P4W27} and its 3d Derivatives
Authors: Iftikhar Tuba , Izarova Natalya V. , van Leusen Jan , Kögerler Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe propensity of the new, phenylphosphonate‐stabilized polyoxotungstate [(C6H5PVO)2P4W24O92]16− to act as a precursor for new 3d metal‐functionalized polyanions has been investigated. Reactions with MnII and CuII induce the formation of the previously unknown polyoxotungstate archetype {P4W27}, isolated as salts of the polyanions [Na⊂{MnII(H2O)}{WO(H2O)}P4W26O98]13− (1) and [K⊂{CuII(H2O)}{W(OH)(H2O)}P4W27O99]14− (2), which were characterized in the solid state (single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental and TG analyses, IR spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry) and in aqueous solution (UV/Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry).
Enhanced Synergism and Mechanism of Action Studies of Synthetic Antimicrobial Metallopeptides
Authors: Thompson Zechariah , Greve Jenna M. , Cowan James Allan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found throughout most kingdoms of life, are an important part of host immunity, and have been shown to act synergistically in various organisms to ameliorate bacterial infections. Herein, we report the synergistic behavior observed between two AMPs, Sub5 and CP10A, against E. coli. In addition, enhanced synergistic activity against E. coli and MRSA 43300 for two derivatives of Sub5, extended with the amino‐terminal copper and nickel (ATCUN) binding motif, is observed when dosed together with CP10A, while displaying little cytotoxicity towards human dermal fibroblasts. All three combinations of peptides co‐localized within bacterial cells as evidenced by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Investigations into the mechanism of synergy shows that all peptides indirectly damage DNA within cells, while only the ATCUN derivatives can oxidize phospholipids. Combinations of peptides were also shown to upregulate the concentration of reactive oxygen species within both E. coli and MRSA 43300. These results suggest that the production of reactive oxygen species is an important aspect mechanistically and further highlights the potential of these metallopeptides to aid in the treatment of antibiotic‐resistant infections.
Clinical evaluation of p16INK4a immunocytology in cervical cancer screening: A population‐based cross‐sectional study from rural China
Authors: Rezhake Remila , Wang Yan , Chen Feng , Hu Shang‐Ying , Zhang Xun , Cao Jian , Qiao You‐Lin , Zhao Fang‐Hui , Arbyn Marc 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundCervical cancer screening with cytology suffers from low sensitivity, whereas the efficiency of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐based screening is limited by low specificity. The authors evaluated a novel p16INK4a immunocytology approach in cervical cancer screening compared with HPV‐based and cytology‐based screening.MethodsIn total, 2112 women aged 49 to 69 years from Shanxi, China were screened from March to July 2019. HPV testing, liquid‐based cytology (LBC), and p16INK4a immunocytology were performed on samples from all women. Any positive result triggered a referral to colposcopy with biopsy, if indicated. Screening performance for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and 3 or worse (CIN2+/CIN3+) was evaluated using multiple algorithms.Resultsp16INK4a had a lower positive rate (10.0%) than LBC abnormality (vs 12.1%; P = .004) and a high‐risk HPV positivity (21.4%; P < .001). For the detection of CIN3+, the relative sensitivity of p16INK4a compared with HPV and LBC was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.82‐1.07) and 1.12 (95% CI, 0.95‐1.32), respectively. The specificity of p16INK4a was significantly higher than that for HPV and LBC, with a relative specificity of 1.13 (95% CI, 1.11‐1.16) and 1.02 (95% CI, 1.01‐1.04), respectively. In addition, p16INK4a alone yielded a clinical performance very similar to that of the current mainstream strategy of using HPV16/18 with reflex cytology (ASC‐US+, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse). The immediate risk of CIN3+ was 14.6% if p16INK4a results were positive and 0.2% if p16INK4a results were negative.ConclusionsWith minimal colposcopy referrals, p16INK4a screening demonstrated promising utility for risk stratification and yielded a better balance between sensitivity and specificity compared with HPV and LBC primary screening. Moreover, with accuracy and efficiency similar to what is achieved using mainstream cotest algorithms, p16 may simplify the screening practice. More evidence will be required before clinical recommendation.
Computational fluid dynamics of the airways after left‐upper pulmonary lobectomy: A case study
Authors: Tullio Marta , Aliboni Lorenzo , Pennati Francesca , Carrinola Rosaria , Palleschi Alessandro , Aliverti Andrea 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPulmonary lobectomy is the gold standard intervention for lung cancer removal and consists of the complete resection of the affected lung lobe, which, coupled with the re‐adaptation of the remaining thoracic structures, decreases the postoperative pulmonary function of the patient. Current clinical practice, based on spirometry and cardiopulmonary exercise tests, does not consider local changes, providing an average at‐the‐mouth estimation of residual functionality. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has proved a valuable solution to obtain quantitative and local information about airways airflow dynamics. A CFD investigation was performed on the airway tree of a left‐upper pulmonary lobectomy patient, to quantify the effects of the postoperative alterations. The patient‐specific bronchial models were reconstructed from pre‐ and postoperative CT scans. A parametric laryngeal model was merged to the geometries to account for physiological‐like inlet conditions. Numerical simulations were performed in Fluent. The postoperative configuration revealed fluid dynamic variations in terms of global velocity (+23%), wall pressure (+48%), and wall shear stress (+39%). Local flow disturbances emerged at the resection site: a high‐velocity peak of 4.92 m/s was found at the left‐lower lobe entrance, with a local increase of pressure at the suture zone (18 Pa). The magnitude of pressure and secondary flows increased in the trachea and flow dynamics variations were observed also in the contralateral lung, causing altered lobar ventilation. The results confirmed that CFD is a patient‐specific approach for a quantitative evaluation of fluid dynamics parameters and local ventilation providing additional information with respect to current clinical approaches.
Dual‐Metal Electrolytes for Hybrid‐Ion Batteries: Synergism or Antagonism?
Authors: Rasheev Hristo , Stoyanova Radostina , Tadjer Alia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe construction of hybrid metal‐ion batteries faces a plethora of challenges. A critical one is to unveil the solvation/desolvation processes at the molecular level in electrolytes that ensure efficient transfer of several types of charge carriers. This study reports first results on simulations of mixed‐ion electrolytes. All combinations of homo‐ and hetero‐binuclear complexes of Li+, Na+ and Mg2+, solvated with varying number of ethylene carbonate (EC) molecules are modeled in non‐polar and polar environment by means of first principles calculations and compared to the mononuclear analogues in terms of stability, spatial organization, charge distribution and solvation/desolvation behavior. The used PF6− counterion is shown to have minor impact on the geometry of the complexes. The desolvation energy penalty of binuclear complexes can be lowered by the fluoride ions, emerging upon the PF6− decay. These model investigations could be extended to rationalize the solvation structure and ionic mobility in dual‐ion electrolytes.
Bipolar Electrochemiluminescence Imaging: A Way to Investigate the Passivation of Silicon Surfaces
Authors: Ismail Abdulghani , Voci Silvia , Descamps Lucie , Buhot Arnaud , Sojic Neso , Leroy Loïc , Bouchet‐Spinelli Aurélie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work depicts the original combination of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) to map in real‐time the oxidation of silicon in microchannels. We fabricated model silicon‐PDMS microfluidic chips, optionally containing a restriction, and monitored the evolution of the surface reactivity using ECL. BPE was used to remotely promote ECL at the silicon surface inside microfluidic channels. The effects of the fluidic design, the applied potential and the resistance of the channel (controlled by the fluidic configuration) on the silicon polarization and oxide formation were investigated. A potential difference down to 6 V was sufficient to induce ECL, which is two orders of magnitude less than in classical BPE configurations. Increasing the resistance of the channel led to an increase in the current passing through the silicon and boosted the intensity of ECL signals. Finally, the possibility of achieving electrochemical reactions at predetermined locations on the microfluidic chip was investigated using a patterning of the silicon oxide surface by etched micrometric squares. This ECL imaging approach opens exciting perspectives for the precise understanding and implementation of electrochemical functionalization on passivating materials. In addition, it may help the development and the design of fully integrated microfluidic biochips paving the way for development of original bioanalytical applications.
Clinimetric properties of the Chinese version of the Euthymia Scale
Authors: Zhang Yuqun , Wang Xiaoyan , Carrozzino Danilo , Yuan Yonggui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present study was conducted to primarily evaluate the clinimetric sensitivity of the Chinese version of the Euthymia Scale (ES), testing whether this measure discriminated between different groups of patients. Concurrent validity, a clinimetric property that refers to the assessment of the extent to which the rating scale under examination correlates with another related, previously validated, assessment instrument, was also tested investigating whether the ES significantly and negatively correlated with measures of depression and anxiety. A cross‐sectional study was conducted. A total of 295 inpatients were recruited from different medical settings and included in this study. In addition to the ES, participants completed the PHQ‐9 for the assessment of depression and the GAD‐7 for the evaluation of symptoms of generalized anxiety. The clinimetric sensitivity of the ES was evaluated using the Mann–Whitney test and the Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance, whereas the concurrent validity was tested via Spearman's correlation coefficients. The ES total score and its subscales of psychological flexibility and well‐being discriminated between different groups of inpatients and sensitively differentiated depressed from non‐depressed patients. Negative and statistically significant correlations between the ES and measures of depression and anxiety were found. Findings of the present study indicate that the Chinese version of the ES is a valid and sensitive clinimetric index that can be used not only to differentiate depressed from non‐depressed patients but also as a screening measure to detect vulnerability to depression in a wide range of medical patients.
Live psychotherapy by video versus in‐person: A meta‐analysis of efficacy and its relationship to types and targets of treatment
Authors: Fernandez Ephrem , Woldgabreal Yilma , Day Andrew , Pham Tuan , Gleich Bianca , Aboujaoude Elias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn‐person psychotherapy (IPP) has a long and storied past, but technology advances have ushered in a new era of video‐delivered psychotherapy (VDP). In this meta‐analysis, pre‐post changes within VDP were evaluated as were outcome differences between VDP versus IPP or other comparison groups. A literature search identified k = 56 within‐group studies (N = 1681 participants) and 47 between‐group studies (N = 3564). The pre‐post effect size of VDP was large and highly significant, g = +0.99 95% CI [0.67–0.31]. VDP was significantly better in outcome than wait list controls (g = 0.77) but negligible in difference from IPP. Within‐groups heterogeneity of effect sizes was reduced after subgrouping studies by treatment target, of which anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (each with k > 5) had effect sizes nearing 1.00. Disaggregating within‐groups studies by therapy type, the effect size was 1.34 for CBT and 0.66 for non‐CBT. Adjusted for possible publication bias, the overall effect size of VDP within groups was g = 0.54. In conclusion, substantial and significant improvement occurs from pre‐ to post‐phases of VDP, this in turn differing negligibly from IPP treatment outcome. The VDP improvement is most pronounced when CBT is used, and when anxiety, depression, or PTSD are targeted, and it remains strong though attenuated by publication bias. Clinically, therapy is no less efficacious when delivered via videoconferencing than in‐person, with efficacy being most pronounced in CBT for affective disorders. Live psychotherapy by video emerges not only as a popular and convenient choice but also one that is now upheld by meta‐analytic evidence.
High‐Throughput and Low‐Cost Genotyping Method for Plant Genome Editing
Authors: Liu Lei , Chen Richelle , Fugina Christopher John , Siegel Ben , Jackson David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGenome editing technologies have revolutionized genetic studies in the life sciences community in recent years. The application of these technologies allows researchers to conveniently generate mutations in almost any gene of interest. This is very useful for species such as maize that have complex genomes and lack comprehensive mutant collections. With the improvement of genome editing tools and transformation methods, these technologies are also widely used to assist breeding research and implementation in maize. However, the detection and genotyping of genomic edits rely on low‐throughput, high‐cost methods, such as traditional agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing. This article describes a method to barcode the target regions of genomic edits from many individuals by low‐cost polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. It also employs next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to genotype the genome‐edited plants at high throughput and low cost. This protocol can be used for initial screening of genomic edits as well as derived population genotyping on a small or large scale, at high efficiency and low cost. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: A fast genomic DNA preparation method from genome edited plantsBasic Protocol 2: Barcoding the amplicons of edited regions from each individual by two rounds of PCRBasic Protocol 3: Bioinformatics analysis
An Optimized Whole‐Mount Immunofluorescence Method for Shoot Apices
Authors: Tran Thu M. , Demesa‐Arevalo Edgar , Kitagawa Munenori , Garcia‐Aguilar Marcelina , Grimanelli Daniel , Jackson David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe localization of a protein provides important information about its biological functions. The visualization of proteins by immunofluorescence has become an essential approach in cell biology. Here, we describe an easy‐to‐follow immunofluorescence protocol to localize proteins in whole‐mount tissues of maize (Zea mays) and Arabidopsis. We present the whole‐mount immunofluorescence procedure using maize ear primordia and Arabidopsis inflorescence apices as examples, followed by tips and suggestions for each step. In addition, we provide a supporting protocol to describe the use of an ImageJ plug‐in to analyze colocalization. This protocol has been optimized to observe proteins in 2‐5 mm maize ear primordia or in developing Arabidopsis inflorescence apices; however, it can be used as a reference to perform whole‐mount immunofluorescence in other plant tissues and species. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Whole‐mount immunofluorescence for maize and Arabidopsis shoot apicesSupport Protocol: Measure colocalization by JACoP plugin in ImageJ