bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competitive response to unbundled services: An empirical look at Spirit Airlines
Authors: He Lei , Kim Myongjin , Liu Qihong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn 2010, Spirit Airlines announced that it would start charging passengers for carry‐on baggage. Using a vector of route‐level characteristics, we construct a matched group consisting of routes which best match those served by Spirit (the treated group). We then run a difference‐in‐difference estimation using the treated and matched group, and examine the impact of Spirit's baggage fee policy on its rivals' ticket prices. Our results show that Spirit's rivals reduce their prices by about 5.8% after Spirit charges carry‐on baggage fee. We also look into potentially heterogeneous responses across different types of rivals. There is no significant difference in how low‐cost carriers and legacy carriers respond to Spirit's policy change. However, relative to non‐subcontracting carriers, those which subcontract operations to regional carriers reduce their prices further by more than 10%, including average prices (linear or log) and various other points on the price distribution. We also develop a stylized theory model to help better understand our empirical findings.
Increasing Access to Medications and Devices for the Care of Low‐Risk Childbearing Families: An Analysis of Existing Law and Strategies for Advocacy
Authors: Effland Kristin J. , Hays Karen , Zell Britney A. , Lawal Tara K. , Grantham Rhonda L. , Koontz Megan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLimited access to medications and devices relevant to the care of low‐risk childbearing families acts as a barrier to the successful integration of high‐quality midwifery care into health care systems. Families who live in clinically underserved areas, whether urban or rural, are particularly in need of perinatal professionals who can provide comprehensive care. This article reviews existing US laws that impact whether families who choose community‐based care with direct entry midwives have access, through their chosen provider, to the medications and devices relevant to their normal perinatal and postpartum care. Scope of practice and practice authority are considered as they relate to access to medications and devices primarily for certified professional midwives and state‐licensed midwives. These professionals are the primary health care providers offering community‐based care and birth at home and in freestanding birth centers. Washington state laws are compared and contrasted with laws from other states and jurisdictions, with the aim of identifying ways to improve service delivery for families who choose community‐based midwifery care. Recent and historical efforts to expand Washington state's midwifery drugs and devices formulary are described. This discussion outlines the Washington context for direct entry community midwifery practice, highlights relevant legal examples, and describes current and future efforts around quality improvement. Information from a midwifery clinic serving some of Washington's most vulnerable pregnant and postpartum families allows for an exploration of the role that access to essential medications and devices might play in supporting midwives to address health inequities. Ideal statutory and regulatory language, lessons learned from an analysis of Washington's experience, and strategies to overcome barriers are described to aid and inspire midwifery advocates in other jurisdictions who want to increase access and enhance their ability to offer current evidence‐based care. Policy makers can improve health, health equity, consumer choice, and access to evidence‐based care by using ideal legal language for midwifery practice authority.
Activation of nucleus accumbens μ‐opioid receptors enhances the response to a glycaemic challenge
Authors: Koekkoek Laura L. , Kool Tess , Eggels Leslie , van der Gun Luna L. , Lamuadni Khalid , Slomp Margo , Diepenbroek Charlene , Serlie Mireillle J. , Kalsbeek Andries , la Fleur Susanne E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOpioids are known to affect blood glucose levels but their exact role in the physiological control of glucose metabolism remains unclear. Although there are numerous studies investigating the peripheral effects of opioid stimulation, little is known about how central opioids control blood glucose and which brain areas are involved. One brain area possibly involved is the nucleus accumbens because, as well as being a key site for opioid effects on food intake, it has also been implicated in the control of blood glucose levels. Within the nucleus accumbens, μ‐opioid receptors are most abundantly expressed. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the role of μ‐opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens in the control of glucose metabolism. We show that infusion of the μ‐opioid receptor agonist [d‐Ala2, N‐MePhe4, Gly‐ol]‐enkephalin (DAMGO) in the nucleus accumbens by itself does not affect blood glucose levels, but it enhances the glycaemic response after both an insulin tolerance test, as well as a glucose tolerance test. These findings indicate that the nucleus accumbens plays a role in the central effects of opioids on glucose metabolism, and highlight the possibility of nucleus accumbens μ‐opioid receptors as a therapeutic target for enhancing the counter‐regulatory response.
What does schedule fit add to work–family research? The incremental effect of schedule fit on work–family conflict, schedule satisfaction, and turnover intentions
Authors: Piszczek Matthew M. , Martin James E. , Pimputkar Avani S. , Laulié Lyonel 
Published: August 2021

In recent years, the person–environment fit framework has become increasingly popular as a lens for understanding the work–family interface. However, the mechanisms that link objective work–family person–environment fit to individual outcomes are poorly understood, and little person–environment fit research has focused on work schedules despite their importance for employee management of work and family roles. Moreover, it is unclear whether schedule fit contributes to individual outcomes over and beyond schedule characteristics such as flexibility and control. The present study explains how employee objective schedule fit relates to individual turnover intentions through work‐to‐family conflict and schedule satisfaction in a study of 608 retail employees. Results show that objective work–family schedule fit has statistically significant relationships with employee outcomes independent of the effects of schedule control and flexibility, but that these relationships are relatively weak. These results establish that schedule fit is a facet of work–family person–environment fit beyond more generally desirable schedule characteristics, but that it may be useful to examine only in limited contexts. The results also contribute to the understanding of the cognitive mechanisms linking objective environmental characteristics to employee outcomes.Practitioner points

The ability to work a schedule that meets preferences for days and shifts (hours) is related to better worker outcomes.

This effect holds even when considering employees’ control over their schedule and its flexibility.

Employees’ schedules are a starting point for forming their attitudes and behaviours related to the work–family interface, which may shape future turnover cognitions.
Dual and duelling purposes: An exploration of educators' perspectives on the use of reflective writing to remediate professionalism in residency
Authors: Moniz Tracy , Melro Carolyn M. , Warren Andrew , Watling Chris 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCONTEXTProfessionalism lapses have high stakes for learners and educators. Problems with professionalism, unless appropriately and effectively remediated, may portend serious problems in practice. Yet, remediation for unprofessional behaviour is particularly challenging—and understudied. Increasingly, educators are turning to reflective writing as a remediation strategy in residency, yet little is known about what educators expect reflective writing to accomplish, how they choose reflective writing tasks, why they use reflective writing, or how they evaluate whether a learner has met expectations. We aimed to understand why and how postgraduate medical educators use reflective writing as an educational intervention to remediate professionalism.METHODIn this constructivist grounded theory study, we interviewed 13 medical education professionals with experience using reflective writing to remediate professionalism across five Canadian medical schools. Data collection and analysis occurred iteratively using constant comparison to identify themes and to understand the relationships among them.RESULTSMedical educators reported using reflective writing as a learning tool to develop insight and as an assessment tool to unearth evidence of insight. The goal of learning may compete with the goal of assessment, creating tension that leads to uncertainty about the sincerity, quality and effectiveness of reflective writing as well as concerns about learner safety. Educators reported uncertainty about whether learners write to pass or to introspect and about how to judge the effectiveness of reflective writing as a learning tool. They expressed concern about creating a safe environment for learners—one that enables the genuine reflection required for insight development—while meeting requirements of remediation.CONCLUSIONSEducators express ambivalence about using reflective writing to remediate professionalism in residency. Understanding the potential and pitfalls of reflective writing may inform more tailored and effective approaches to remediate professionalism.
Percutaneous Cerclage Wiring Combined with Cephalomedullary Nailing for Irreducible Subtrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Kang Shi‐Jie , Bao Fei‐Long , Huang Dong‐Sheng , Jiang Tao , Hu Yi‐Ming , Li Jian‐Min , Liu Tao 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the surgical method, operation essentials and the clinical effect of the treatment of irreducible subtrochanteric femoral fractures by percutaneous cerclage wiring and Cephalomedullary nail.MethodFrom February 2016 to October 2019, 17 cases of irreducible subtrochanteric femoral fractures (SFFs) treated via a minimally invasive wire system and intramedullary nail fixation were reviewed retrospectively. Ten male and seven female patients were involved. The average age was 59.88 ± 16.13 years, ranging from 41 to 94 years. Among the patients, seven were injured in traffic accidents, five fell from a standing height, and five injured themselves from falling. The cases were classified based on the Seinsheimer classification. Specifically, five cases were type IIIA, five cases were type IIIB, one case was type IV, and six cases were type V. According to the AO/OTA classification, 10 cases were 32B3, and seven cases were 32C3. During surgery, the patients were placed on a traction bed andattempted closed reduction. For those patients whose closed reduction failed confirmed by fluoroscopy, we performed a small anterolateral incision through which a self‐made minimally invasive percutaneous wire introducer (passer; patent Z: 2016 2 1002800.8) was employed for temporary fixation with a wire. A double‐stranded steel wire was introduced into a self‐made wire traction and lifting device (patent ZL 2020 2 0205658.7), the wire was pulled vertically and firmly fixed. Then an long InterTan nail was used for the fixation. The following information was recorded: (i) length of the invasive incision, (ii) blood loss on the third day after surgery, (iii) operation time; and (iv) maximum displacement and angulation of the fracture ends of the x‐rayed front and side fractures before and after surgery and the maximum displacement and formation of the three‐dimensional CT‐scanned fracture ends in the coronal plane, sagittal plane, and cross section before and after surgery.ResultA total of 15 of the 17 patients were followed for 12 to 24 months. The 15 patients recovered, but one died from pulmonary infection 1 year after surgery. In the postoperative X‐ray and three‐dimensional CT observation reduction treatment, fracture displacement was less than 5 mm, each plane angle was less than 10 degrees, and postoperative fracture healing time was 3 to 14 months, with an average of 4.19 ± 4.04 months. The postoperative Harris hip function score ranged from 66 to 95 points, with an average of 80.81 ± 9.67 points. In terms of clinical outcomes, 11 cases were excellent, four cases were satisfactory, and one case was fair.ConclusionFor refractory subtrochanteric fractures, percutaneous wiring combined with Cephalomedullary nail fixation is a minimally invasive, rapid, and effective method, which can achieve satisfactory results in clinical practice and is worth promoting.
Multilayer regulatory landscape during pattern‐triggered immunity in rice
Authors: Tang Bozeng , Liu Caiyun , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Xixi , Zhou Shaoqun , Wang Guo‐Liang , Chen Xiao‐Lin , Liu Wende 
Published: August 2021

SummaryUpon fungal and bacterial pathogen attack, plants launch pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) by recognizing pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to defend against pathogens. Although PTI‐mediated response has been widely studied, a systematic understanding of the reprogrammed cellular processes during PTI by multi‐omics analysis is lacking. In this study, we generated metabolome, transcriptome, proteome, ubiquitome and acetylome data to investigate rice (Oryza sativa) PTI responses to two PAMPs, the fungi‐derived chitin and the bacteria‐derived flg22. Integrative multi‐omics analysis uncovered convergence and divergence of rice responses to these PAMPs at multiple regulatory layers. Rice responded to chitin and flg22 in a similar manner at the transcriptome and proteome levels, but distinct at the metabolome level. We found that this was probably due to post‐translational regulation including ubiquitination and acetylation, which reshaped gene expression by modulating enzymatic activities, and possibly led to distinct metabolite profiles. We constructed regulatory atlas of metabolic pathways, including the defence‐related phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis and linoleic acid derivative metabolism. The multi‐level regulatory network generated in this study sets the foundation for in‐depth mechanistic dissection of PTI in rice and potentially in other related poaceous crop species.
Mind what teacher says: Teachers’ propensity for mental‐state language and children's theory of mind in middle childhood
Authors: Lecce Serena , Ronchi Luca , Devine Rory T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study examined the link between theory of mind (ToM) in middle childhood and teachers’ propensity for mental‐state language and self‐reported conversational‐instruction strategies. Multilevel analyses on 430 Italian children (221 girls, Mage = 9.34 years, SD = .63, Range: 7.95–11.43 years) from 27 primary‐school classrooms and their teachers showed that: (i) there were striking between‐classroom differences in children's ToM; (ii) teachers’ propensity for mental‐state language (β = .14) and self‐reported conversational‐instruction strategies (β = .16) were uniquely associated with pupils’ ToM even when child‐related (i.e., age, verbal ability, number of siblings and SES) and teacher‐related variables (i.e., ToM, verbal ability and years of experience) were controlled; and (iii) the association between self‐reported conversational‐instruction strategies and ToM was significant in older children and smaller classrooms. These findings extend socio‐cultural accounts of ToM by showing a developmental continuity of environmental effects on children's ToM.
The COVID‐19 pandemic and government responses: A gender perspective on differences in public opinion
Authors: Stockemer Daniel , Plank Friedrich , Niemann Arne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) crisis has led to shutdowns of the cultural, associational, and economic life in many parts of the world and had a severe impact on gender relations in many societies. This study engages with gender differences in public support of severe infringements of personal and economic freedoms.MethodsWe use data from an original survey conducted by CINT in the United States and Germany in June 2020. Descriptive statistics both aggregated for the two countries and then split by country as well as multinomial logistic regression analyses gauge gender differences in support of COVID‐19 related confinement measures.ResultsMen and women rather converge on the level of risk COVID‐19 might cause to their health and economic situation, but the two sexes still differ in their assessment of their preferred government reaction to the disease. Women are approximately one‐third more likely to advocate stricter infringements, compared to men. This finding illustrates that while both sexes share similar risk evaluations, women are more prudent for their health than men.ConclusionWith this study, we add to the literature on risk aversion and gender differences. In a pandemic situation, women appear to be more risk averse than men.
Epidemiology, risk factors, and association of antifungal prophylaxis on early invasive fungal infection in heart transplant recipients
Authors: Yetmar Zachary A. , Lahr Brian , Brumble Lisa , Gea Banacloche Juan , Steidley D. Eric , Kushwaha Sudhir , Beam Elena 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundInvasive fungal infection (IFI) in heart transplant recipients is associated with poor outcomes. Estimated risk of 1‐year IFI in heart transplant recipients is 3.4–8.6% with risk factors inconsistently identified in previous studies. The role of antifungal prophylaxis is unclear. The transplant program at Mayo Clinic provides 6 months of universal azole prophylaxis for those heart transplant recipients in Arizona. We sought to define risk factors for 1‐year IFI and determine the effect of antifungal prophylaxis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing heart transplantation at Mayo Clinic from January 2000 to March 2019. We analyzed demographics, details of transplant hospitalization, antifungal prophylaxis, and fungal infection. Multivariable Cox analyses were performed to identify risk factors of 1‐year IFI and impact of IFI on posttransplant mortality.ResultsA total of 966 heart transplant recipients were identified with a median age of 56 years (IQR 47, 62). A total of 444 patients received antifungal prophylaxis. Over 1‐year follow‐up, 62 patients developed IFI with a cumulative incidence of 6.4%. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with IFI were renal replacement therapy (RRT) (HR 3.24, 95% CI 1.65–6.39), allograft rejection (HR 2.33, 95% CI 1.25–4.34), and antifungal prophylaxis (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.11–0.96). RRT was also associated with invasive mold infection (HR 3.00, 95% CI 1.29–6.97).ConclusionsRRT and allograft rejection after transplantation are associated with 1‐year IFI, and RRT is also associated with invasive mold infection. Antifungal prophylaxis appears to be protective and further study is needed in the heart transplant population.
Is the Mind a Network? Maps, Vehicles, and Skyhooks in Cognitive Network Science
Authors: Hills Thomas T. , Kenett Yoed N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCognitive researchers often carve cognition up into structures and processes. Cognitive processes operate on structures, like vehicles driving over a map. Language alongside semantic and episodic memory are proposed to have structure, as are perceptual systems. Over these structures, processes operate to construct memory and solve problems by retrieving and manipulating information. Network science offers an approach to representing cognitive structures and has made tremendous inroads into understanding the nature of cognitive structure and process. But is the mind a network? If so, what kind? In this article, we briefly review the main metaphors, assumptions, and pitfalls prevalent in cognitive network science (maps and vehicles; one network/process to rule them all), highlight the need for new metaphors that elaborate on the map‐and‐vehicle framework (wormholes, skyhooks, and generators), and present open questions in studying the mind as a network (the challenge of capturing network change, what should the edges of cognitive networks be made of, and aggregated vs. individual‐based networks). One critical lesson of this exercise is that the richness of the mind as network approach makes it a powerful tool in its own right; it has helped to make our assumptions more visible, generating new and fascinating questions, and enriching the prospects for future research. A second lesson is that the mind as a network–though useful–is incomplete. The mind is not a network, but it may contain them.
Biomechanical evaluation of bovine stifles stabilized with an innovative braided superelastic nitinol prosthesis after transection of the cranial cruciate ligament
Authors: Constant Caroline , Braïlovski Vladimir , Wagnac Éric , Petit Yvan , Desrochers André , Nichols Sylvain 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the stability bovine stifles stabilized with nylon or nitinol superelastic prostheses after transection of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL).Study designEx vivo study.Sample populationStifles (n = 15) harvested from adult bovine cadavers.MethodsThe stifles were randomly assigned pairwise to a ligament reconstruction technique (n = 5): (1) and (2) Hamilton's technique using a prosthesis made of 24 nitinol strands (0.39 mm) braided at 40°or single 600‐lb test nylon implant, and (3) nitinol prosthesis placed in femoral and tibial bone tunnels (bone‐to‐bone). Craniocaudal tibial translation at ±2000 N was applied to the tibia, and mediolateral angular displacement via measured under torsional tibial loading at ±60 Nm on three occasions: intact CCL, transected, and stabilized. Outcomes were evaluated with a mixed effect linear model for repeated measures.ResultsBone‐to‐bone using nitinol was the only repair that decreased tibial translation after CCL transection (p = .001) with a 23% change magnitude compared with intact CCL. Hamilton was the only stabilization reestablishing angular displacement, similar to intact CCL (p = .109 and .134 for nitinol and nylon). Bone‐to‐bone nitinol stabilization decreased angular displacement after CCL‐transection with an 8% change magnitude (p = .040) without returning to normal values.ConclusionCCL replacement with nylon did restore joint stability. Nitinol prostheses passed through single femoral and tibial bone tunnels (bone‐to‐bone) were the only techniques reducing tibial translation.Clinical significance/impactBone‐to‐bone stabilization with a nitinol prosthesis may be considered as an alternative to nylon for CCL replacement in cattle. These results provide evidence to justify clinical evaluation in cattle undergoing CCL replacement.