bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity, ecology, distribution and biogeography of Diplura
Authors: Sendra Alberto , Jiménez‐Valverde Alberto , Selfa Jesús , Reboleira Ana Sofia P. S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDiplura is the sister group to insects and one of the three basal hexapod groups with unique entognathan mouthparts. The order is divided into 10 families, which include 1008 species in 141 genera, with a high proportion of monotypic genera. They are ubiquitous in soils and subsurface terrestrial habitats, as well as have an important role in overall biogeochemical cycles.We present the first comprehensive review of the global biodiversity and ecology of Diplura. We highlight four aspects of this basal hexapod group: diversity in morphological body plans and sizes; ecology in terrestrial environments from soil to caves; food preference and trophic levels, and their biogeographical and paleobiogeographical significance.Diplura depends on high humidity and moderate temperatures. They are presumably very sensitive to anthropogenic pressures and climate change, and therefore are a suitable model for ecophysiological studies and evident priority targets for conservation.We conclude that the future efforts should focus on establishing a molecular phylogeny to clarify the relationships between and within families, as well as to reveal global biogeographical patterns. This will require an increase in sampling effort in several regions of the globe, especially in tropical regions.
Which consumers are more likely to adopt a retirement app and how does it explain mobile technology‐enabled retirement engagement?
Authors: Hentzen Janin K. , Hoffmann Arvid O .I. , Dolan Rebecca M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough planning for retirement is fundamental for consumers’ future well‐being, individuals often fail to engage with it. Retirement engagement refers to one's initial interest in and active planning for one's retirement. In this study, we focus on mobile technology‐enabled retirement engagement, operationalized as consumers’ perception of how a retirement app can help them plan for retirement. While rapid advances in digital platforms and mobile technology show promising use to the financial services sector, little is known about the adoption drivers of mobile technology in stimulating retirement engagement as a unique low‐involvement, yet high‐importance context. We address this gap in the existing literature by analyzing survey data from a representative sample of 440 Australian pension fund members. We find that consumers’ financial self‐efficacy, perceived financial security, consideration of future consequences, retirement planning involvement, and perceived usefulness have direct effects on their anticipated engagement with a mobile retirement app as well as indirect effects through their intention to adopt the app (financial self‐efficacy and consideration of future consequences only have direct effects). We also find that mobile computing self‐efficacy, prior finance app use, and perceived ease of use only have indirect effects through consumers’ intention to adopt the app. Notably, the association between adoption intentions and anticipated engagement is stronger for those closer to retirement.
In search of lost time: Enhancers as modulators of timing in lymphocyte development and differentiation
Authors: Chu Jonathan M. , Pease Nicholas A. , Kueh Hao Yuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProper timing of gene expression is central to lymphocyte development and differentiation. Lymphocytes often delay gene activation for hours to days after the onset of signaling components, which act on the order of seconds to minutes. Such delays play a prominent role during the intricate choreography of developmental events and during the execution of an effector response. Though a number of mechanisms are sufficient to explain timing at short timescales, it is not known how timing delays are implemented over long timescales that may span several cell generations. Based on the literature, we propose that a class of cis‐regulatory elements, termed “timing enhancers,” may explain how timing delays are controlled over these long timescales. By considering chromatin as a kinetic barrier to state switching, the timing enhancer model explains experimentally observed dynamics of gene expression where other models fall short. In this review, we elaborate on features of the timing enhancer model and discuss the evidence for its generality throughout development and differentiation. We then discuss potential molecular mechanisms underlying timing enhancer function. Finally, we explore recent evidence drawing connections between timing enhancers and genetic risk for immunopathology. We argue that the timing enhancer model is a useful framework for understanding how cis‐regulatory elements control the central dimension of timing in lymphocyte biology.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr)‐dependent Il‐22 expression by type 3 innate lymphoid cells control of acute joint inflammation
Authors: Nehmar Ramzi , Fauconnier Louis , Alves‐Filho Jose , Togbe Dieudonnée , DeCauwer Aurore , Bahram Seiamak , Le Bert Marc , Ryffel Bernhard , Georgel Philippe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) controls several inflammatory and metabolic pathways involved in various diseases, including the development of arthritis. Here, we investigated the role of AHR activation in IL‐22‐dependent acute arthritis using the K/BxN serum transfer model. We observed an overall reduction of cytokine expression in Ahr‐deficient mice, along with decreased signs of joint inflammation. Conversely, we report worsened arthritis symptoms in Il‐22 deficient mice. Pharmacological stimulation of AHR with the agonist VAG539, as well as injection of recombinant IL‐22, given prior arthritogenic triggering, attenuated inflammation and reduced joint destruction. The protective effect of VAG539 was abrogated in Il‐22 deficient mice. Finally, conditional Ahr depletion of Rorc‐expressing cells was sufficient to attenuate arthritis, thereby uncovering a previously unsuspected role of AHR in type 3 innate lymphoid cells during acute arthritis.
Back to basics in COVID‐19: Antigens and antibodies—Completing the puzzle
Authors: Neagu Monica , Calina Daniela , Docea Anca Oana , Constantin Carolina , Filippini Tommaso , Vinceti Marco , Drakoulis Nikolaos , Poulas Konstantinos , Nikolouzakis Taxiarchis Konstantinos , Spandidos Demetrios A. , Tsatsakis Aristidis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has gathered 1 year of scientific/clinical information. This informational asset should be thoroughly and wisely used in the coming year colliding in a global task force to control this infection. Epidemiology of this infection shows that the available estimates of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection prevalence largely depended on the availability of molecular testing and the extent of tested population. Within molecular diagnosis, the viability and infectiousness of the virus in the tested samples should be further investigated. Moreover, SARS‐CoV‐2 has a genetic normal evolution that is a dynamic process. The immune system participates to the counterattack of the viral infection by pathogen elimination, cellular homoeostasis, tissue repair and generation of memory cells that would be reactivated upon a second encounter with the same virus. In all these stages, we still have knowledge to be gathered regarding antibody persistence, protective effects and immunological memory. Moreover, information regarding the intense pro‐inflammatory action in severe cases still lacks and this is important in stratifying patients for difficult to treat cases. Without being exhaustive, the review will cover these important issues to be acknowledged to further advance in the battle against the current pandemia.
Distinctive aspects of consent in pilot and feasibility studies
Authors: Sim Julius 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrior to a main randomized clinical trial, investigators often carry out a pilot or feasibility study in order to test certain trial processes or estimate key statistical parameters, so as to optimize the design of the main trial and/or determine whether it can feasibly be run. Pilot studies reflect the design of the intended main trial, whereas feasibility studies may not do so, and may not involve allocation to different treatments. Testing relative clinical effectiveness is not considered an appropriate aim of pilot or feasibility studies. However, consent is no less important than in a main trial as a means of morally legitimizing the investigator's actions. Two misperceptions are central to consent in clinical studies—therapeutic misconception (a tendency to conflate research and therapy) and therapeutic misestimation (a tendency to overestimate possible benefits and/or underestimate possible harms associated with participation). These phenomena may take a distinctive form in pilot and feasibility studies, owing to potential participants' likely prior unfamiliarity with the nature and purposes of such studies. Thus, participants may confuse the aims of a pilot or feasibility study (developing or optimizing trial design and processes) with those of a main trial (testing treatment effectiveness) and base consent on this misconstrual. Similarly, a misunderstanding of the ability of pilot and feasibility studies to provide information that will inform clinical care, or the underdeveloped nature of interventions included in such studies, may lead to inaccurate assessments of the objective possibility of benefit, and weaken the epistemic basis of consent accordingly. Equipoise may also be particularly challenging to grasp in the context of a pilot study. The consent process in pilot and feasibility studies requires a particular focus, and careful communication, if it is to carry the appropriate moral weight. There are corresponding implications for the process of ethical approval.
Spawning habits and embryonic development of the banded lampeye killifish Aplocheilichthys spilauchen (Duméril 1861) in ex situ fresh and brackish water environments
Authors: Okyere Isaac , Obeng Juliet Afrah , Ayitey Samuel , Van der Zee Jouke Rients , Meeus Herman 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAside from ornamental uses, there is growing interest in using killifishes for a multiplicity of purposes including baitfish and mosquito biocontrol. This experiment explored the spawning habits and embryonic development of the banded lampeye, Aplocheilichthys spilauchen in ex situ freshwater (0.04‰) and brackish water (5.01‰) to ascertain the captive breeding prospects for mosquito control in areas where they occur. Significantly higher number of eggs were laid in the brackish water than the freshwater (X2 = 1613.0, P < 0.05), and black mop was the most preferred spawning substrate, followed by green, blue and white mops. Microscopic monitoring of embryos revealed that cleavage occurred within the first 30 min after fertilization, organogenesis commenced on average in the 25th hour and hatching in approximately 230 h. Although freshwater eggs were relatively bigger than brackish water eggs and certain embryonic developmental stages occurred faster in the freshwater than brackish water, these differences were overall not significant and had no effects on the development and hatching. The observed outcome that A. spilauchen can be optimally propagated with black mops in brackish water offers a significant step in its use for the mosquito biocontrol programme, as well as other potential uses not yet explored.
Risk factors for rebleeding in Crohn's disease patients with acute severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding: With special reference to the role of anti‐tumor necrosis factor therapy
Authors: Kim Dae Sung , Yoon Jiyoung , Kim Ye‐Jee , Lee Jin Wook , Hong Seung Wook , Hwang Ha Won , Park Sang Hyoung , Yang Dong‐Hoon , Ye Byong Duk , Byeon Jeong‐Sik , Myung Seung‐Jae , Yang Suk‐Kyun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimAcute severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) is uncommon; however, it is a potentially life‐threatening complication, and its recurrence is common. We thus aimed to identify the predictors for rebleeding in CD patients with acute severe LGIB and particularly focused on whether anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy lowers the risk of rebleeding compared with conventional medical therapy (CMT) or surgery.MethodsThe risk of rebleeding was analyzed in 131 CD patients with acute severe LGIB. Patients were classified into the CMT group (n = 99), anti‐TNF therapy group (n = 22), and surgery group (n = 10). No patients in the surgery group received anti‐TNF therapy.ResultsDuring the median follow‐up of 98 months after the first episode of acute severe LGIB, rebleeding occurred in 50.5%, 18.2%, and 30.0% of the CMT group, anti‐TNF therapy group, and surgery group, respectively (P = 0.015). The cumulative risks of rebleeding at 1 and 10 years were 20.0% and 64.7% in the CMT group, 13.6% and 18.4% in the anti‐TNF therapy group, and 0% and 40.7% in the surgery group, respectively (P = 0.020). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that anti‐TNF therapy was associated with a lower risk of rebleeding compared with CMT (hazard ratio, 0.303; 95% confidence interval, 0.108–0.849; P = 0.023).ConclusionsIn CD patients with acute severe LGIB, anti‐TNF therapy may reduce the risk of rebleeding compared with CMT. Although surgery is considered effective in preventing early rebleeding, concomitant anti‐TNF therapy may be helpful in further lowering the long‐term risk of rebleeding.
Public awareness and knowledge of liver health and diseases in Singapore
Authors: Tan Chee‐Kiat , Goh George Boon‐Bee , Youn Jin , Yu Jacques Chak‐Kwan , Singh Shikha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimDespite efforts in controlling and managing liver diseases, significant health issues remain. This study aims to evaluate the degree of public awareness and knowledge regarding liver health and diseases in Singapore.MethodsA cross‐sectional, self‐reported, web‐based questionnaire was administered to 500 adult individuals. Questionnaire items pertained to knowledge and awareness of overall liver health, liver diseases and their associated risk factors.ResultsSixty‐four percent of respondents were ≥35 years old and 54.0% were male. While majority agreed that regular screening was important for liver health (91.2%), only 65.4% attended health screening within recent 2 years. Hepatitis B had more awareness than hepatitis C among the respondents. About 70% agreed the consequences of viral hepatitis included liver cirrhosis, failure, and/or cancer. Yet, only 15% knew hepatitis C is not preventable by vaccination and more than half mistaken hepatitis B and C are transmissible via contaminated or raw seafood. Despite 75% being aware of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, many were not aware of the related risk factors and complications. Awareness of specific screening and diagnostic tests for liver health was poor as one‐fifth correctly identified the diagnostic tests for viral hepatitis. Preferences for doctor's consultation, TV, or newspapers (online) as information channels contrasted those currently used in the public health education efforts.ConclusionsThe levels of understanding of liver diseases, risk factors, and potential complications are suboptimal among the Singapore public. More public education efforts aligned with respondents' information‐seeking preferences could facilitate addressing misperceptions and increase knowledge about liver diseases.
Ferroptosis: An emerging therapeutic target in stroke
Authors: Liu Yibo , Fang Yuanjian , Zhang Zeyu , Luo Yujie , Zhang Anke , Lenahan Cameron , Chen Sheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStroke is a disastrous neurological disease with high morbidity and mortality. The mechanism of the pathological process is extremely complicated and unclear. Although many basic studies have confirmed molecular mechanism of brain injury after stroke, these studies have not yet translated into treatment and clinical application. Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that is distinct from necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy morphologically and biochemically and is characterized by iron‐dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides. Despite ferroptosis being first identified in cancer cells, it was recently revealed to also be a significant factor in the pathological process of stroke. A better understanding of ferroptosis in stroke may provide us with better therapeutic targets to treat this devastating disease. Here, we systematically summarized the current mechanism of ferroptosis and reviewed the current studies regarding the relationship between ferroptosis and stroke.
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Rhythmogenic networks are potently modulated by activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the rodent spinal cord
Authors: Matzner Henry , Zelinger Moshe , Cherniak Meir , Anglister Lili , Lev‐Tov Aharon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectrical stimulation of the spinal cord is a potent means for activating mammalian stepping in the absence of the descending control from the brain. Previously, we have shown that stimulation of pain delivering (Aδ) sacrocaudal afferents (SCA) has a powerful capacity to activate the sacral and lumbar rhythmogenic networks in the neonatal rodent spinal cord. Relatively little is known about the neural pathways involved in activation of the locomotor networks by Aδ afferents, on their mechanism of action and on the possibility to modulate their activity. We have shown that elevation of the endogenous level of acetylcholine at the sacral cord by blocking cholinesterase could modulate the SCA‐induced locomotor rhythm in a muscarinic receptor‐dependent mechanism. Here, we review these and more recent findings and report that controlled stimulation of SCA in the presence of muscarine is a potent activator of the locomotor network. The possible mechanisms involved in the muscarinic modulation of the locomotor rhythm are discussed in terms of the differential projections of sacral relay neurons, activated by SCA stimulation, to the lumbar locomotor rhythm generators, and to their target motoneurons. Altogether, our studies show that manipulations of cholinergic networks offer a simple and powerful means to control the activity of locomotor networks in the absence of supraspinal control.
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Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15079.
Coping with social consequences of disease‐related symptoms in patients with a metastatic small intestinal neuroendocrine tumour: A qualitative study
Authors: de Vries Froukje E. , Godthelp Albertien , Spruit Jocelyn R. , Ruissen Andrea M. , Tesselaar Margot E.T. , Boekhout Annelies H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPatients with small intestine neuroendocrine tumours (SINETs) face various disease‐related symptoms that can affect their social functioning and quality of life. The present study aimed to explore the social consequences of disease‐related symptoms in patients with a metastatic SINET and to develop a theory on how these patients experience their disease. Patients were eligible when they were diagnosed with a metastatic SINET between 2009 and 2016 and were younger than 60 years of age during diagnosis, and had a good functional performance status. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted between January and June 2018. Data were transcribed and analysed independently by two researchers using grounded theory. Data saturation was reached at 10 interviews and, in total, 12 patients participated. A core component that arose from the interviews was resilience in the face of social consequences of having a metastatic SINET. Prominent physical symptoms were fatigue, diarrhoea and flushes. All of these symptoms were associated with limitations to function in work‐related and social activities, as well as feelings of embarrassment and shame. Adaptive strategies, such as careful planning, or focusing on the perspective to live well with a neuroendocrine tumour, helped patients to experience the consequences as less burdensome. Other helpful factors that were identified constituted social support, engaging in meaningful activities and financial stability. Patients with a metastatic SINET experienced social consequences of disease‐related symptoms in daily life, although they were able to attenuate the burden of these consequences by using adaptive problem‐based, emotion‐based and meaning‐based coping strategies. Clinicians could explore the perceived consequences and educate patients about adaptive strategies.
Pain Information Model and Its Potential for Predictive Analytics: Applicability of a Big Data Science Framework
Authors: Gaedke Nomura Aline Tsuma , de Abreu Almeida Miriam , Johnson Steve , Pruinelli Lisiane 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo describe the application of a big data science framework to develop a pain information model and to discuss the potential for its use in predictive modeling.Design and MethodThis is an application of a cross‐industry standard process for a data mining adapted framework (the Applied Healthcare Data Science Framework) to build an information model on pain management and its potential for predictive modeling. Data were derived from electronic health records and were composed of approximately 51,000 records of unique adult patients admitted to clinical and surgical units between July 2015 and June 2019.FindingsThe application of the Applied Healthcare Data Science Framework steps allowed the development of an information model on pain management, considering pain assessment, interventions, goals, and outcomes. The developed model has the potential to be used for predicting which patients are most likely to be discharged with self‐reported pain.ConclusionsThrough the application of the framework, it is possible to support health professionals’ decision making on the use of data to improve the effectiveness of pain management.Clinical RelevanceIn the long term, the framework is intended to guide data science methodologies to personalize treatments, reduce costs, and improve health outcomes.
Hypersensitivity reaction to Hyaluronic Acid Dermal filler following novel Coronavirus infection – a case report
Authors: Rowland‐Warmann MJ 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe incidence of hypersensitivity reactions to hyaluronic acid dermal fillers is between 0.3 and 4.25%, mediated by T‐lymphocytes. Flu‐like illness can trigger immunogenic reactions at the site of filler placement. Cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 are significant and pose a possible risk of inducing hypersensitivity. This case report is of a delayed‐type hypersensitivity after hyaluronic acid dermal filler treatment of the nose and subsequent infection with SARS‐CoV‐2. Risk factors for the development of such symptoms were identified as the presence of hyaluronic acid combined with flu‐like illness and repeated treatment of one area. The case resolved without intervention. Clinicians should be mindful of the risk posed by the interaction of hyaluronic acid dermal filler with SARS‐CoV‐2 in light of the pandemic.