bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photosynthetic characteristics and leaf litter production of mangrove forests in Trang, southern Thailand
Authors: Cadiz Pablina , Sinutok Sutinee , Chotikarn Ponlachart 
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the photosynthetic performance and litter production of planted (PLA) and natural (NAT) mangroves in Trang, southern Thailand. Relative chlorophyll content and other photosynthetic parameters, such as photosynthetic efficiency of Photosystem II (Phi2), yield of non-regulatory energy dissipation (PhiNO), yield of non-photochemical quenching (PhiNPQ) and quenching due to non-photochemical dissipation of absorbed light energy (NPQt), and litter fall production were determined and compared between two mangrove stands. Measurements of photosynthetic parameters were made using PhotosynQ to assess the health of the community structure in both stands. The assumption of this study, namely that there would be no significant difference in any photosynthetic parameter measured between the two stands, was confirmed using t-test with unequal variances confirmed (P > 0.05 for all). Changes occurred quarterly and in sites with different species. In terms of litter production, significant differences were found according to stand (P < 0.001), season (P < 0.05) and site (Sikao, F3,129 = 4.357, P < 0.01; Kantang, F3,190 = 3.243, P < 0.01). PLA stands demonstrated similar photosynthetic characteristics to NAT stands. This study established the effects of land use changes on PLA mangroves (planted in an abandoned shrimp pond). The overall significance of the study is in highlighting the positive outcomes of mangrove restoration, particularly in degraded mangrove stands due to land use change.
Electricity consumption of Singaporean households reveals proactive community response to COVID-19 progression
Authors: Raman Gururaghav , Peng Jimmy Chih-Hsien 
Published: August 2021

Significance
It is vital for policymakers to understand how people react during a pandemic. Here, we propose to use domestic electricity-consumption data, which arguably capture peoples’ daily behaviors accurately and dynamically. Considering the city-state of Singapore as a case study, we study over 10,200 individual households’ electricity-consumption patterns to uncover previously unknown behavioral trends during the COVID-19 pandemic. While providing implications for the design of public health interventions during this and other pandemics, our results imply a proactive response from the community, which is surprisingly consistent across all demographics. This cohesive response may have helped the city-state in effectively curtailing the disease, a learning that has direct implications on the pandemic response of other nations as well.
Insights into the bilayer-mediated toppling mechanism of a folate-specific ECF transporter by cryo-EM
Authors: Thangaratnarajah Chancievan , Rheinberger Jan , Paulino Cristina , Slotboom Dirk J. 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceGram-positive bacteria that lack biosynthesis pathways for micronutrients such as vitamins use a class of membrane proteins to acquire them from the environment. These membrane proteins are called energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters and function in an unusual way. A membrane-embedded substrate-binding protein rotates within the membrane to bring a molecule from the outside to the inside of the cell. It was, however, not clear how this motion can occur within a bilayer environment. We use cryogenic electron microscopy at 200 kV to visualize an ECF transporter within a lipid bilayer. The transporter causes deformations to the surrounding lipid environment. These insights offer an explanation for how changes of the lipid environment enable such motion in the transport process.
Elastically driven Kelvin–Helmholtz-like instability in straight channel flow
Authors: Jha Narsing K. , Steinberg Victor 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) describes the growth of perturbations of the interface separating counterpropagating streams of Newtonian fluids with different velocities and densities with heavier fluid at the bottom. It is one of the most studied shear flow instabilities widespread in nature and industrial processes. The KHI mechanism is based on competition between destabilizing velocity difference and stabilizing stratification. We study KHI in channel shear flow of viscoelastic fluid, considered stable due to elastic stress generated by polymers stretched by shear strain. Contrary to generally accepted opinion, we discover the elastically driven KH-like instability with temporal dynamics similar to Newtonian KHI but driven by strikingly different elastically driven destabilizing mechanism of elastic wave interacting with wall-normal vorticity amplifying interface perturbations.
A Proposal for Relative In-flight Flux Self-calibrations for Spectro-photometric Surveys
Authors: Davini S , Risso I , Scodeggio M , Paganin L , Caprioli S , Bonici M , Caminata A , Di Domizio S , Testera G , Tosi S , Valerio B , Fumana M , Franzetti P 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present a method for the in-flight relative flux self-calibration of a spectro-photometer instrument, general enough to be applied to any upcoming galaxy survey on satellite. The instrument response function, that accounts for a smooth continuous variation due to telescope optics, on top of a discontinuous effect due to the segmentation of the detector, is inferred with a χ
2 statistics. The method provides unbiased inference of the sources count rates and of the reconstructed relative response function, in the limit of high count rates. We simulate a simplified sequence of observations following a spatial random pattern and realistic distributions of sources and count rates, with the purpose of quantifying the relative importance of the number of sources and exposures for correctly reconstructing the instrument response. We present a validation of the method, with the definition of figures of merit to quantify the expected performance, in plausible scenarios.
Estimating the contribution of traffic flow to pollutant concentrations
Authors: Khataan Ahmed , Idris Ahmed O , Abo Elazm Mohamed M , Kamel Wael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The rapid increase in vehicular use due to human activities in urban areas has been leading to a worsening in air quality, thus negatively affect the exposure of inhabitants to polluted air and also harms the environment. This work studies the contribution of traffic flow on CO and NO2 concentration. The field measurement of both pollutants was considered in a roughly isolated street canyon. In addition, the meteorological parameters of the studied location were collected parallel with traffic flow data. There have been days in which the study location was affected by traffic flow and some others were not affected. In particular, statistical tests and data analysis were applied to the collected dataset after splitting it into two groups. One with zero traffic flow and the other with a significant variation in traffic flow. Also, the effect of meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, ambient temperature, and relative humidity on pollutant concentrations was considered. Moreover, the multivariate linear regression models were developed for both pollutants to address the contribution of each factor. As a result, the positive effect of traffic flow and the negative effect of the wind directions highly improves the prediction of the near-road traffic-related pollutant concentration.
Effects of spraying Indonesian foliar fertilizer on growth and quality of tea in red soil region of southern China
Authors: Huang Dongfeng , Wang Limin , Li Yu , Pan Zhucai , Lin Zuoqi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In order to explore the application effect of BioSilAc solid foliar fertilizer and OBFs liquid foliar fertilizer produced by Indonesia Institute of Biotechnology and Bio-industry on tea plantations in red soil region, a field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of spraying BioSilAc and OBFs on the morphological indexes of tea garden, fresh tea outputs and contents of biochemical components of tea in red soil region of southern China. Results showed that spraying BioSilAc and OBFs could increase bud density by 14.4%-24%, 100 buds’ weight of tea by 17.0%-33.9%, internode length by 9.5%-23.8% and leaf area by 6.9%-23.1%, respectively; The yield of autumn tea and spring tea increased by 2.4%-6.7% and 13.1%-24.7% respectively, and the total yield of fresh tea was increased by 7.1%-14.5%; The contents of tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine and water extract were increased by 8.3%-24.0%, 19.0%-47.6%, 3.5%-19.7% and 13.2%-31.3%, respectively. Among them, treatment of CF+OBFs had the best effect on improving the morphological indexes of tea gardens, promoting the yield and increasing the content of biochemical components of tea.
Effects of clint on the distribution and leaf phenotypic variation of a dominant plant Lindera communis in Maolan Karst National Natural Reserve, SW China
Authors: Yu Xiaoya , Li Yuhui , Zeng Xiao-hong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The heterogeneous habitat plays an important role in the conservation and restoration for rare and endangered plant species. In the karst area, the clints usually cause the soil differentiation of physical and chemical properties, which affect the distribution and adaptation strategy of dominant plant populations. To study the distribution and adaptation strategy of the dominant plants in heterogeneous habitats induced by clints, we investigated the leaf phenotypic variation along the transect from Lindera communis plant to clint (0 cm, 0.1cm-10cm and ≥ 10 cm) within the Maolan Karst National Nature Reserve, Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. The results showed: (1) 483 individuals of L. communis had been recorded, and the trees (DBH≥1cm) were 374 individuals (77.43% of the total). The DBH of biggest L. communis was 10.5cm, which was 6 cm away from the clint. In the 0cm distance group, the tree (mean DBH 2.97±1.71 cm) were 200, and the seedlings and saplings were 29. In the 0.1cm-10cm distance group, the tree (mean DBH 2.75±1.62 cm) were 50, and the seedlings and saplings were 44. In the ≥ 10cm distance group, the tree (mean DBH 2.52±1.29 cm) were 124, and seedlings and saplings were 36. The mean DBH of L. communis individuals was decreased with the increase of the distance between plant and clint. The coefficients of variation of L. communis individuals DBH in each distance group, which indicated that the DBH distribution of this species was uncertain at different groups. (2) The leaf length, width, width/length and thickness of L. communis was 79.71±12.95 mm, 30.17±6.68 mm, 0.38±0.07, 0.24±0.05 mm, respectively. The petiole length and diameter of L. communis was 6.65±1.87 mm and 1.19±0.63 mm, respectively. The coefficient of variation of petiole length increased first and then decreased with the distance from clint increasing. Meanwhile, the variation coefficients of leaf length, leaf width, leaf width/length, leaf thickness and petiole diameter decreased first and then increased with the increase of distance from clint. The distance between the clint and L. communis had significant effect on the leaf length (P < 0.05), and thickness (P < 0.01) and width/length (P < 0.01), and had minor effect on the other leaf traits. The present study highlighted that the clint had a profound influence effect on the distribution and leaf characteristics traits of L. communis. Therefore, we can use the clint as a key node to protect and restore the plant population size.
Exploring the quantitative assessment of urban economic vitality in the Yangtze River Delta of China based on PCA
Authors: Liu Shaojun , Liu Hao , Long Yao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With the accelerating urbanization in developing countries, sustainable urban development has become a strategic goal for governments. To promote sustainable development of individual cities, it is necessary to break away from the limitations of administrative divisions and use the synergistic effect of urban clusters to solve the many difficulties facing sustainable development. The assessment of economic vitality is a critical way to evaluate the development potential of cities. This paper proposes a quantitative assessment method for urban economic vitality. Using 26 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region as the research object and local statistical yearbooks as the data source, we construct 18 urban economic vitality assessment indicators. First, we use the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method to obtain the five major factors of city vitality assessment: manufacturing and people’s life factor, service industry and government management factor, industrial economic growth rate factor, urban development potential factor and primary and secondary industry efficiency factor. Then, we use spatial hotspot analysis to classify the urban economic vitality of the Yangtze River Delta region into three categories: low, medium and high. The research results have important implications for the coordinated and sustainable development of the regional economy and the formulation of economic development strategies for low-vitality regions.
Ecological sustainable significance of rain garden design in Lingnan primary and secondary schools from foreign cases
Authors: Zang Guyuxin , Guan Shaoping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Based on the research of the rain garden in Mount Tabor middle school, Nueva primary school, and Delta North Delta school district, this work summarized the design strategy and ecological sustainable significance of rain garden in the case from three aspects: design method, educational benefit, and ecological benefit. Finally, the design approach of rain garden in Lingnan primary and secondary schools and its significance to the sustainable development of ecological education and ecological protection were proposed.
Analysis of sedimentary facies characteristics and source reservoir allocation of fault depressed Lake Basin—Taking Xu-Xi area of Songliao Basin as an example
Authors: Tian Ya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
At present, Xu-Xi area is in the primary stage of exploration, and its sedimentary characteristics and distribution law are not clear. In this study, based on the analysis of regional structural background, through core observation and description, grain size analysis, well logging and seismic and other technical means, the sedimentary facies types and spatial distribution characteristics of Shahezi Formation in Xu-Xi area are studied. It is believed that there are three types of sedimentary systems in Shahezi Formation in the study area: Fan Delta, braided river delta and lake. The fan delta is mainly developed in the steep slope belt in the west of Xu-Xi area, while the braided river delta is mainly developed in the gentle slope belt in the East and the axial belt in the north, and the lake facies is developed in the depression belt between them. On the whole, the sedimentary pattern shows the obvious characteristics of “North-South block, east-west belt”. From the West steep slope to the East gentle slope, the sedimentary facies type transits from fan delta to deep lake semi deep lake and then to Braided River Delta. Combined with the study of reservoir forming conditions, it is found that the sand bodies of fan delta front and braided river delta front have good reservoir physical properties and are often adjacent to large-scale high-quality source rocks in the upper and lower or lateral directions. The reservoir forming conditions are superior and are favorable for oil and gas accumulation facies belt.
An innovative alcohol-solution combustion-calcination process for the fabrication of NiFe2O4 nanorods and their adsorption characteristics of methyl blue in aqueous solution
Authors: Xu Qi , Xu Yueyang , Xue Jianming , Zhu Fahua , Zhong Zhaoping , Liu Ruijiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Magnetic nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanorods were prepared via an innovative alcohol-solution combustion-calcination technique and evaluated for removing methyl blue (MB), which may greatly benefit for dye-polluted water treatment. The magnetic nanorods were characterized by TEM, EDS, XRD, VSM, SAED, FTIR, XPS and BET, the results showed that the NiFe2O4 sample has high magnetic saturation (Ms) and soft superparamagnetic behavior, and these properties accounted for their facile separation from the aqueous solution when an external magnetic field was applied. To understand the adsorption mechanism, adsorption experiments were performed using adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms. The Temkin model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described the adsorption characteristics of MB onto NiFe2O4 nanorods. The effect of pH on the adsorption process was investigated, when pH was 3–7, the maximum adsorption capacity was reached, which was about 62 mg·g−1. The recycling efficiency was also estimated, after 10 runs of regeneration, it remained 70.1% initial adsorption capacity, indicating the adsorbent could be efficiently reused for the adsorption of MB.
Adherence to self-administered biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs across health-system specialty pharmacies
Authors: Zuckerman Autumn D , DeClercq Josh , Choi Leena , Cowgill Nicole , McCarthy Kate , Lounsbery Brian , Shah Rushabh , Kehasse Amanuel , Thomas Karen C , Sokos Louis , Stutsky Martha , Young Jennifer , Carter Jennifer , Lach Monika , Wise Kelly , Thomas Toby T , Ortega Melissa , Lee Jinkyu , Lewis Kate , Dura Jillian , Gazda Nicholas P , Gerzenshtein Lana , Canfield Scott 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Adherence to self-administered biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) is necessary for therapeutic benefit. Health-system specialty pharmacies (HSSPs) have reported high adherence rates across several disease states; however, adherence outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) populations have not yet been established.

Methods
We performed a multisite retrospective cohort study including patients with RA and 3 or more documented dispenses of bDMARDs from January through December 2018. Pharmacy claims were used to calculate proportion of days covered (PDC). Electronic health records of patients with a PDC of &lt;0.8 were reviewed to identify reasons for gaps in pharmacy claims (true nonadherence or appropriate treatment holds). Outcomes included median PDC across sites, reasons for treatment gaps in patients with a PDC of &lt;0.8, and the impact of adjusting PDC when accounting for appropriate therapy gaps.

Results
There were 29,994 prescriptions for 3,530 patients across 20 sites. The patient cohort was mostly female (75%), with a median age of 55 years (interquartile range [IQR], 42-63 years). The median PDC prior to chart review was 0.94 (IQR, 0.83-0.99). Upon review, 327 patients had no appropriate treatment gaps identified, 6 patients were excluded due to multiple unquantifiable appropriate gaps, and 420 patients had an adjustment in the PDC denominator due to appropriate treatment gaps (43 instances of days’ supply adjusted based on discordant days’ supply information between prescriptions and physician administration instructions, 11 instances of missing fills added, and 421 instances of clinically appropriate treatment gaps). The final median PDC after accounting for appropriate gaps in therapy was 0.95 (IQR, 0.87-0.99).

Conclusion
This large, multisite retrospective cohort study was the first to demonstrate adherence rates across several HSSPs and provided novel insights into rates and reasons for appropriate gaps in therapy.
Differential modulation of the lipoxygenase cascade during typical and latentPectobacterium atrosepticuminfections
Authors: Gorshkov Vladimir Y , Toporkova Yana Y , Tsers Ivan D , Smirnova Elena O , Ogorodnikova Anna V , Gogoleva Natalia E , Parfirova Olga I , Petrova Olga E , Gogolev Yuri V 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPlant diseases caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum are often accompanied by extensive rot symptoms. In addition, these bacteria are able to interact with host plants without causing disease for long periods, even throughout several host plant generations. There is, to date, no information on the comparative physiology/biochemistry of symptomatic and asymptomatic plant–P. atrosepticum interactions. Typical (symptomatic) P. atrosepticum infections are associated with the induction of plant responses mediated by jasmonates, which are one of the products of the lipoxygenase cascade that gives origin to many other oxylipins with physiological activities. In this study, we compared the functioning of the lipoxygenase cascade following typical and latent (asymptomatic) infections to gain better insight into the physiological basis of the asymptomatic and antagonistic coexistence of plants and pectobacteria.MethodsTobacco plants were mock-inoculated (control) or infected with the wild type P. atrosepticum (typical infection) or its coronafacic acid-deficient mutant (latent infection). The expression levels of the target lipoxygenase cascade-related genes were assessed by Illumina RNA sequencing. Oxylipin profiles were analysed by GC-MS. With the aim of revising the incorrect annotation of one of the target genes, its open reading frame was cloned to obtain the recombinant protein, which was further purified and characterized using biochemical approaches.Key ResultsThe obtained data demonstrate that when compared to the typical infection, latent asymptomatic P. atrosepticum infection is associated with (and possibly maintained due to) decreased levels of 9-lipoxygenase branch products and jasmonic acid and increased level of cis-12-oxo-10,15-phytodienoic acid. The formation of 9-oxononanoic acid and epoxyalcohols in tobacco plants was based on the identification of the first tobacco hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) with additional epoxyalcohol synthase (EAS) activity.ConclusionsOur results contribute to the hypothesis of the oxylipin signature, indicating that different types of plant interactions with a particular pathogen are characterized by the different oxylipin profiles of the host plant. In addition, the tobacco LOC107825278 gene was demonstrated to encode an NtHPL (CYP74C43) enzyme yielding volatile aldehydes and aldoacids (HPL products) as well as oxiranyl carbinols (EAS products).
Is seasonal flowering time of Paphiopedilum species caused by differences in initial time of floral bud differentiation?
Authors: Feng Jing-Qiu , Xia Qian , Zhang Feng-Ping , Wang Ji-Hua , Zhang Shi-Bao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Members of the genus Paphiopedilum are world-famous for their large, colourful flowers, unique floral morphology and long floral lifespan. Most Paphiopedilum species bloom in spring or autumn. The control of flowering time is of great significance to the commercial production of floral crops, because it affects the sales and prices of flowers. However, the mechanism that regulates when Paphiopedilum species bloom is unclear. In the present study, floral bud initiation and development of P. micranthum (spring-flowering species with one flower per stalk), P. dianthum (autumn-flowering species with multiple flowers per stalk) and P. henryanum (autumn-flowering species with one flower per stalk) were investigated by morphological and anatomical methods. We divided Paphiopedilum floral bud differentiation into six phases: the initiation of differentiation, inflorescence primordium differentiation, flower primordium differentiation, sepal primordium differentiation, petal primordium differentiation and column primordium differentiation. We found that the timing of floral bud differentiation for the three species was synchronized when experiencing the same environment, while the period from initiation to flowering largely differed. In addition, initiation of floral bud differentiation in P. dianthum was earlier at a warmer environment. The difference in flowering time of three species was mainly caused by the duration of floral bud development, rather than the initiation time. The findings were of great significance for the cultivation and flowering regulation of Paphiopedilum species.