bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lebensqualität bei Trägern eines suprapubischen oder transurethralen Harnblasenkatheters als lebenslange Dauerversorgung
Authors: Wiedemann A. , Gedding C. , Heese M. , Stein J. , Manseck A. , Kirschner‑Hermanns R. , Karstedt H. , Schorn A. , Wagner A. , Moll V. , Unger U. , Eisenhardt A. , Bannowsky A. , Linné C. , Wirz S. , Brammen E. , Heppner H.‑J. 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Anlage eines transurethralen Dauerkatheters (DK) oder suprapubischen Harnblasenkatheters (SPK) in lebenslanger Indikation stellt einen Eingriff mit relevanten Komplikationen, Komorbiditäten und möglichen Auswirkungen auf die katheterassoziierte Lebensqualität des Betroffenen dar. Letztere wurde aber bisher noch nicht untersucht.

Methodik
Zur Anwendung kam ein validiertes Assessment zur katheterbezogenen Lebensqualität mit 25 Items in 5 Domänen. Befragt wurden im Rahmen eines Katheterwechsels Patienten mit einem DK oder SPK in lebenslanger Intention, die diesen mindestens 3 Monate trugen.

Ergebnisse
Fragebögen von 357 Patienten, davon 260 Männer und 97 Frauen, 193 mit SPK und 162 mit DK (2 ohne Angabe) lagen vor. Patienten mit DK waren mit 78,9 ± 11,1 Jahren signifikant älter als solche mit SPK mit 74,4 ± 12,6 Jahren (p < 0,001). Der mittlere Gesamtlebensqualitätsscore lag bei 4,1 ± 0,9 Punkten auf einer Skala von 1 (maximal beeinträchtigte Lebensqualität) bis 5 (keine Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität). Es zeigten sich u. a. mit niedrigeren Scores eine vermehrte Angst vor Katheterlecks, Angst vor Uringeruch und Harnwegsinfektionen und vor schmerzhaften Katheterwechseln. Diese Sorgen waren v. a. bei Frauen, solchen mit Harninkontinenz, Trägern eines Katheters ≥ 18 Ch und bei Patienten < 70 Jahren vorhanden. Frauen mit einem SPK wiesen eine schlechtere Bewertung ihrer Lebensqualität als Männer mit SPK auf.

Schlussfolgerung
Die gefundenen Ergebnisse sollten in die Aufklärung zu einer lebenslangen Katheterableitung einfließen bzw. im Kontext möglicher Alternativen wie z. B. einer operativen Desobstruktion oder einer Hilfsmittelversorgung mit dem Patienten bzw. Betreuungspersonen besprochen werden.
Beirut explosion: TNT equivalence from the fireball evolution in the first 170 milliseconds
Authors: Aouad C. J. , Chemissany W. , Mazzali P. , Temsah Y. , Jahami A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe evolution of the fireball resulting from the August 2020 Beirut explosion is traced using amateur videos taken during the first 400 ms after the detonation. Thirty-nine frames separated by 16.66–33.33 ms are extracted from six different videos located precisely on the map. Time evolution of the shock wave radius is traced by the fireball at consecutive time moments until about $$ t \approx 170$$

t
≈
170

ms and a distance $$ d \approx 128$$

d
≈
128

m. Pixel scales for the videos are calibrated by de-projecting the existing grain silos building, for which accurate as-built drawings are available, using the length, the width, and the height and by defining the line-of-sight incident angles. In the distance range $$ d \approx $$

d
≈

60–128 m from the explosion center, the evolution of the fireball follows the Sedov–Taylor model with spherical geometry and an almost instantaneous energy release. This model is used to derive the energy available to drive the shock front at early times. Additionally, a drag model is fitted to the fireball evolution until its stopping at a time $$ t \approx 500$$

t
≈
500

ms at a distance $$d \approx 145\pm 5$$

d
≈
145
±
5

m. Using the derived TNT equivalent yield, the scaled stopping distance reached by the fireball and the shock wave-fireball detachment epoch within which the fireball is used to measure the shock wave are in excellent agreement with other experimental data. A total TNT equivalence of $$ 200\pm 80\,\mathrm{t}$$

200
±
80

t

at a distance $$ d \approx 130$$

d
≈
130

m is found. Finally, the dimensions of the crater size taken from a hydrographic survey conducted 6 days after the explosion are scaled with the known correlation equations yielding a close range of results. A recent published article by Dewey (Shock Waves 31:95–99, 2021) shows that the Beirut explosion TNT equivalence is an increasing function of distance. The results of the current paper are quantitatively in excellent agreement with this finding. These results present an argument that the actual mass of ammonium nitrate that contributed to the detonation is much less than the quantity that was officially claimed available.
Effect of varying salt concentration on iridescence in precooked pork meat
Authors: Ruedt Chiara , Gibis Monika , Weiss Jochen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of salt concentration on meat iridescence in cured cooked pork products. In addition, the influence of nitrite and pigmentary color on iridescence and its visual macroscopic perception was ascertained. Sample cubes from the pigs M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum were salted with either NaCl (20 g/kg, 40 g/kg) or nitrite curing salt (6 g/kg, 20 g/kg, and 40 g/kg) and subsequently cooked. Control samples were not salted. The effects of NaCl and curing salt on iridescence, instrumental color and microstructure were evaluated. Salt treatment significantly (p < 0.05) increased water-holding capacity, mean myofibers diameters and iridescence and reduced light scattering (L* value). An iridescence limit was reached with the 20 g/kg salt treatments. No differences between sodium chloride and nitrite curing salt were observed for both visual evaluation and colorimetry of the interference colors. Iridescence increases were attributed to a swelling of the myofilament lattice and thus reduction of intermyofibrillar spaces as well as an optical clearing of the myofibrils by dissolution of myofibrillar proteins that both reduce light scattering and allow more reflectance and interference to occur.
Graphic abstract
The cost effectiveness of personalized dietary advice to increase protein intake in older adults with lower habitual protein intake: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Reinders Ilse , Visser Marjolein , Jyväkorpi Satu K. , Niskanen Riikka T. , Bosmans Judith E. , Jornada Ben Ângela , Brouwer Ingeborg A. , Kuijper Lothar D. , Olthof Margreet R. , Pitkälä Kaisu H. , Vijlbrief Rachel , Suominen Merja H. , Wijnhoven Hanneke A. H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the cost effectiveness of dietary advice to increase protein intake on 6-month change in physical functioning among older adults.

Methods
In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, 276 community-dwelling older adults with a habitual protein intake < 1.0 g/kg adjusted body weight (aBW)/d were randomly assigned to either Intervention 1; advice to increase protein intake to ≥ 1.2 g/kg aBW/d (PROT, n = 96), Intervention 2; similar advice and in addition advice to consume protein (en)rich(ed) foods within half an hour after usual physical activity (PROT + TIMING, n = 89), or continue the habitual diet with no advice (CON, n = 91). Primary outcome was 6-month change in 400-m walk time. Secondary outcomes were 6-month change in physical performance, leg extension strength, grip strength, body composition, self-reported mobility limitations and quality of life. We evaluated cost effectiveness from a societal perspective.

Results
Compared to CON, a positive effect on walk time was observed for PROT;  – 12.4 s (95%CI,  – 21.8 to  – 2.9), and for PROT + TIMING;  – 4.9 s (95%CI,  – 14.5 to 4.7). Leg extension strength significantly increased in PROT (+ 32.6 N (95%CI, 10.6–54.5)) and PROT + TIMING (+ 24.3 N (95%CI, 0.2–48.5)) compared to CON. No significant intervention effects were observed for the other secondary outcomes. From a societal perspective, PROT was cost effective compared to CON.

Conclusion
Dietary advice to increase protein intake to ≥ 1.2 g/kg aBW/d improved 400-m walk time and leg strength among older adults with a lower habitual protein intake. From a societal perspective, PROT was considered cost-effective compared to CON. These findings support the need for re-evaluating the protein RDA of 0.8 g/kg BW/d for older adults.

Trial registration
The trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03712306). Date of registration: October 2018. Registry name: The (Cost) Effectiveness of Increasing Protein Intake on Physical Functioning in Older Adults. Trial Identifier: NCT03712306.
Excitable networks for finite state computation with continuous time recurrent neural networks
Authors: Ashwin Peter , Postlethwaite Claire 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContinuous time recurrent neural networks (CTRNN) are systems of coupled ordinary differential equations that are simple enough to be insightful for describing learning and computation, from both biological and machine learning viewpoints. We describe a direct constructive method of realising finite state input-dependent computations on an arbitrary directed graph. The constructed system has an excitable network attractor whose dynamics we illustrate with a number of examples. The resulting CTRNN has intermittent dynamics: trajectories spend long periods of time close to steady-state, with rapid transitions between states. Depending on parameters, transitions between states can either beexcitable(inputs or noise needs to exceed a threshold to induce the transition), orspontaneous(transitions occur without input or noise). In the excitable case, we show the threshold for excitability can be made arbitrarily sensitive.
Leitlinien-Check für die Shuntchirurgie 2021
Authors: Becker Daniel , Isaak Andrej , Schmidli Jürg , Widmer Matthias K. 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Mit dieser Übersichtsarbeit über die aktuellsten Leitlinien zur Shuntchirurgie von Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz (NKF-KDOQI, ERBP, GEMAV und ESVS) soll unter anderem geklärt werden, ob es sinnvoll und erforderlich ist, Leitlinien für den deutschsprachigen Raum zu erarbeiten.

Material und Methoden
Hierfür wurden diese vier Leitlinien hinsichtlich Methodik, Themenspektrum und Evidenzlage verglichen, um Gemeinsamkeiten, Unterschiede und Besonderheiten aufzuzeigen. Sowohl die fachliche Zusammensetzung der Autorenschaft wie auch die Methodik (PICO-/GRADE-System) der einzelnen Leitlinien sind sich ähnlich.

Ergebnisse
Arbeitsgruppen, die viele Nephrologen im Team hatten (NKF-KDOQI, GEMAV), haben das gesamte Spektrum der Kathetereinlage in ihre Leitlinien aufgenommen. Die Leitlinien der ESVS stellen die chirurgischen Aspekte der Shuntchirurgie in den Vordergrund. In den ERBP-Leitlinien, die bei der Themenwahl auch Patientenbedürfnisse einbeziehen, ist die Fistelreifung und Kanülierung ein wichtiges Thema. Die neuen NKF-KDOQI-Leitlinien zeigen Algorithmen, wie ein individualisiertes Dialysekonzept über die Zeit aussehen könnte. Allen Leitlinien ist gemeinsam, dass viele Empfehlungen aufgrund fehlender Evidenz und fehlender aktueller Studien nur auf Expertenmeinungen beruhen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Evidenzlage muss durch neue randomisierte Studien verbessert werden. Es wäre wünschenswert, wenn mit standardisierten Verfahren und kontinuierlicher Analyse aktualisierte und online abrufbare Empfehlungen zur Verfügung stünden. Um ein solches Projekt zu realisieren, ist eine internationale Kollaboration unabdingbar. Leitlinien für den deutschsprachigen Raum würden sich so erübrigen.
Fabry-Stroke Italian Registry (FSIR): a nationwide, prospective, observational study about incidence and characteristics of Fabry-related stroke in young-adults. Presentation of the study protocol
Authors: Romani Ilaria , Nencini Patrizia , Sarti Cristina , Pracucci Giovanni , Zedde Marialuisa , Nucera Antonia , Cianci Vittoria , Moller Jessica , Toni Danilo , Orsucci Daniele , Casella Carmela , Pinto Vincenza , Palumbo Pasquale , Barbarini Leonardo , Bella Rita , Ragno Michele , Scoditti Umberto , Mezzapesa Domenico Maria , Tassi Rossana , Diomedi Marina , Cavallini Anna , Volpi Gino , Chiti Alberto , Bigliardi Guido , Sacco Simona , Linoli Giovanni , Ricci Stefano , Giordano Antonello , Bonetti Bruno , Rasura Maurizia , Cecconi Emanuela , Princiotta Cariddi Lucia , Currò Dossi Roberto , Melis Marta , Consoli Domenico , Guidetti Donata , Biagini Silvia , Accavone Donatella , Inzitari Domenico 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
TIA and stroke, both ischemic and hemorrhagic, may complicate Fabry disease at young-adult age and be the first manifestation that comes to the clinician’s attention. No definite indications have yet been elaborated to guide neurologists in Fabry disease diagnostics. In current practice, it is usually sought in case of cryptogenic strokes (while Fabry-related strokes can also occur by classical pathogenic mechanisms) or through screening programs in young cerebrovascular populations. Data on recurrence and secondary prevention of Fabry’s stroke are scanty.

Methods
The study had a prospective observational design involving 33 Italian neurological Stroke Units. Considering the incidence of TIA/stroke in the European population aged < 60 years and the frequency of Fabry disease in this category (as foreseen by a pilot study held at the Careggi University-Hospital, Florence), we planned to screen for Fabry disease a total of 1740 < 60-year-old individuals hospitalized for TIA, ischemic, or hemorrhagic stroke. We investigated TIA and stroke pathogenesis through internationally validated scales and we gathered information on possible early signs of Fabry disease among all cerebrovascular patients. Every patient was tested for Fabry disease through dried blood spot analysis. Patients who received Fabry disease diagnosis underwent a 12-month follow-up to monitor stroke recurrence and multi-system progression after the cerebrovascular event.

Discussion
The potential implications of this study are as follows: (i) to add information about the yield of systematic screening for Fabry disease in a prospective large cohort of acute cerebrovascular patients; (ii) to deepen knowledge of clinical, pathophysiological, and prognostic characteristics of Fabry-related stroke.
Metataxonomic analysis of tissue-associated microbiota in grooved carpet-shell (Ruditapes decussatus) and Manila (Ruditapes philippinarum) clams
Authors: Gerpe Diego , Lasa Aide , Lema Alberto , Romalde Jesús L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCulture-dependent techniques only permit the study of a low percentage of the microbiota diversity in the environment. The introduction of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies shed light into this hidden microbial world, providing a better knowledge on the general microbiota and, specifically, on the microbial populations of clams. Tissue-associated microbiota of Ruditapes decussatus and Ruditapes philippinarum (mantle, gills, gonad and hepatopancreas) was analysed in two different locations of Galicia (northwest of Spain) during Spring (April) and Autumn (October), employing a metataxonomic approach. High bacterial diversity and richness were found in all samples where a total of 22,044 OTUs were obtained. In most samples, phylum Proteobacteria was most frequently retrieved, although other phyla as Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Firmicutes or Chlamydiae also appeared at high relative abundances in the samples. At genus level, great variation was found across tissues and sampling periods. A Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and a hierarchical clustering analysis allowed to further analyse the factors responsible for the differences among groups of samples in the different sites. Results showed sample ordination based on tissue origin and sampling periods, pointing out that the microbiota was influenced by these factors. Indeed, predominance of certain genera was observed, such as Endozoicomonas or Methylobacterium in gills and gonads, respectively, suggesting that selection of specific bacterial taxa is likely to occur. So far, this study provided a general picture of the tissue associated microbial population structure in R. decussatus and R. philippinarum clams, which, ultimately, allowed the identification of specific tissue-related taxa.
Gender Differences in the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Employment, Unpaid Work and Well-Being in the EU
Authors: Nivakoski Sanna , Mascherini Massimiliano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnpaid work carried out inside the home has increased in the pandemic, and evidence points to women’s share in care responsibilities and domestic tasks remaining higher than those of men in the pandemic, continuing the gender divides of past decades.
Investigation of the Compressive Viscoelastic Properties of Brain Tissue Under Time and Frequency Dependent Loading Conditions
Authors: Li Weiqi , Shepherd Duncan E. T. , Espino Daniel M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe mechanical characterization of brain tissue has been generally analyzed in the frequency and time domain. It is crucial to understand the mechanics of the brain under realistic, dynamic conditions and convert it to enable mathematical modelling in a time domain. In this study, the compressive viscoelastic properties of brain tissue were investigated under time and frequency domains with the same physical conditions and the theory of viscoelasticity was applied to estimate the prediction of viscoelastic response in the time domain based on frequency-dependent mechanical moduli through Finite Element models. Storage and loss modulus were obtained from white and grey matter, of bovine brains, using dynamic mechanical analysis and time domain material functions were derived based on a Prony series representation. The material models were evaluated using brain testing data from stress relaxation and hysteresis in the time dependent analysis. The Finite Element models were able to represent the trend of viscoelastic characterization of brain tissue under both testing domains. The outcomes of this study contribute to a better understanding of brain tissue mechanical behaviour and demonstrate the feasibility of deriving time-domain viscoelastic parameters from frequency-dependent compressive data for biological tissue, as validated by comparing experimental tests with computational simulations.
Performing unbelonging in court. Observations from a transnational corporate bribery trial—a dramaturgical approach
Authors: Schoultz Isabel , Flyghed Janne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article presents a study of the theatrical performance in court in a high-profile transnational corporate bribery case. Data gathered from observations in court were supplemented with interviews with the defense teams and the presiding judge. The paper’s objective is to demonstrate how the defendants performed unbelonging in court via the interactions between the different ‘teams’ in the courtroom; the defense, the prosecutors, the judges, and the company Telia. The analysis draws on Goffman’s theater analogy and his understandings of performance and self-presentation. The authors introduce the concept of ‘performing unbelonging in court’ and show how the defendants performed unbelonging via an indirect expression of status and standing. The authors further analyze the defense teams’ framing of the case, including the framing of the defendants as being scapegoated by the corporation, and of the prosecution as being unfair and illegitimate, which also contributes to the performance of unbelonging in court. The complexity and ambiguity of a transnational corporate bribery case permeated the interactions during the trial; however, at the end of the article, the authors discuss how knowledge from this case is transferable to other crime types or legal cultures.
Elgin on Science, Art and Understanding
Authors: Briesen Jochen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIs art epistemically valuable? Catherine Z. Elgin answers this question in the affirmative. She argues for the epistemic value of art on the basis of her innovative epistemological theory, in which the focus is shifted from knowledge and truth to a non-factive account of understanding. After an exposition and critique of her view, as she develops it in her most recent book “True Enough” (MIT-Press, 2017), I will build on some of her ideas in order to strengthen her account.
Non-invasive capnodynamic mixed venous oxygen saturation during major changes in oxygen delivery
Authors: Svedmyr Anders , Konrad Mark , Wallin Mats , Hallbäck Magnus , Lönnqvist Per-Arne , Karlsson Jacob 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) is an important variable in anesthesia and intensive care but currently requires pulmonary artery catheterization. Recently, non-invasive determination of SvO2 (Capno-SvO2) using capnodynamics has shown good agreement against CO-oximetry in an animal model of modest hemodynamic changes. The purpose of the current study was to validate Capno-SvO2 against CO-oximetry during major alterations in oxygen delivery. Furthermore, evaluating fiberoptic SvO2 for its response to the same challenges. Eleven mechanically ventilated pigs were exposed to oxygen delivery changes: increased inhaled oxygen concentration, hemorrhage, crystalloid and blood transfusion, preload reduction and dobutamine infusion. Capno-SvO2 and fiberoptic SvO2 recordings were made in parallel with CO-oximetry. Respiratory quotient, needed for capnodynamic SvO2, was measured by analysis of mixed expired gases. Agreement of absolute values between CO-oximetry and Capno-SvO2 and fiberoptic SvO2 respectively, was assessed using Bland–Altman plots. Ability of Capno- SvO2 and fiberoptic SvO2 to detect change compared to CO-oximetry was assessed using concordance analysis.
The interventions caused significant hemodynamic variations. Bias between Capno-SvO2 and CO-oximetry was + 3% points (95% limits of agreements – 7 to + 13). Bias between fiberoptic SvO2 and CO-oximetry was + 1% point, (95% limits of agreements − 7 to + 9). Concordance rate for Capno-SvO2 and fiberoptic SvO2 vs. CO-oximetry was 98% and 93%, respectively. Capno-SvO2 generates absolute values close to CO-oximetry. The performance of Capno-SvO2 vs. CO-oximetry was comparable to the performance of fiberoptic SvO2 vs. CO-oximetry. Capno-SvO2 appears to be a promising tool for non-invasive SvO2 monitoring.
Exploring mechanisms for systemic thinking in decision-making through three country applications of SDG Synergies
Authors: Barquet Karina , Järnberg Linn , Alva Ivonne Lobos , Weitz Nina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIncreased systems thinking capacity—that is, the capacity to consider systemic effects of policies and actions—is necessary for translating knowledge on Sustainable Development Goals’ (SDGs) interactions into practice. Various models and tools that seek to support more evidence-based policy-making have been developed with the purpose of exploring system effects across SDGs. However, these often lack integration of behavioral aspects and contextual factors that influence the decision-making process. We analyze three applications of a decision-support approach called SDG Synergies, which aims at building capacity in systems thinking among decision-makers and implementing agencies. Our objective is to explore how behavior and context influences whether and how knowledge is taken up and acted upon when making decisions. Drawing on empirical material from Mongolia, Colombia, and Sri Lanka, we identify three sets of mechanisms that appear important for enabling more systemic thinking: system boundaries (time, scale, and space), rules of engagement (ownership, representation, and purpose), and biases (confirmation biases and participation biases). Results highlight some key challenges for systemic thinking that merit further attention in future applications, including the importance of localizing SDGs and incorporating this knowledge to national-level assessments, an unwillingness of stakeholders to acknowledge trade-offs, the challenge of addressing transformational as opposed to incremental change, and striking a balance between the flexibility of the approach vis-à-vis scientific robustness.