bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spatial patterning of Middle Palaeolithic human settlement in westernmost Iberia
Authors: Cascalheira João , Gonçalves Célia , Maio Daniela 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTCurrently available data on the Pleistocene human occupation of the westernmost territories of Iberia attest to the presence of Middle Palaeolithic industries from c. 240 ka cal bp until c. 37 ka cal bp. Previous studies focusing on this time frame have suggested that Middle Palaeolithic populations were highly mobile and predominately utilised locally available raw materials, with many cave and open‐air sites being located near fluvial settings. Other than these observations, no specific studies have focused on exploring the factors influencing human site location choice during that time range. Employing statistical and GIS approaches, this paper provides an initial assessment of spatial patterning in human settlement during the Middle Palaeolithic of westernmost Iberia. Results show that site locations are biased towards lower elevations and riverine settings and suggest that distance to rivers might have impacted the diversity and specific types of lithic raw materials used at each site. These results help to shed light on the particularities of Neanderthal adaptations in a region regarded as a refugium during periods of unfavourable climate during the Middle Palaeolithic.
Postglacial palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Fury and Hecla Strait region (Nunavut) inferred from microfossils and geochemical proxies
Authors: Adaïmé Marc‐Élie , Pienitz Reinhard , Legendre Pierre , Antoniades Dermot 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTAn analysis of sediment records from two lakes located along the southeastern shore of the Fury and Hecla Strait (Nunavut, Canada) allowed us to reconstruct the regional environmental history since deglaciation. Multiproxy profiles, namely particle‐size distribution, elemental geochemistry (based on X‐ray fluorescence) and diatom assemblages, revealed a regional deglaciation and marine inundation around 8200 cal a bp. This suggests that glacial retreat in this region likely occurred several hundred years earlier than previously extrapolated. At that time, the connection between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean currents must have been established and glacial isostatic adjustment gradually isolated the lacustrine basins from marine influence. Diatom assemblages revealed an abrupt marine–brackish–freshwater transition (ca. 6670–6130 cal a bp) through a shift in dominance from initial polyhalobian (e.g. Tabularia fasciculata, Navicula directa), intermediate mesohalobian (e.g. Cyclostephanos dubius, Thalassiosira baltica) to oligohalobian (fragilarioid Staurosirella pinnata, Staurosira venter, Pseudostaurosira pseudoconstruens, P. brevistriata) taxa. Multivariate analyses (redundancy analysis and multivariate regression tree) conducted on the biological and lithogeochemical data also suggest that climatic conditions may have remained relatively warm throughout the interval ~6000–3900 cal a bp, before significantly cooling over the past few millennia, as inferred from a decrease in organic matter accumulation and shifts in diatom communities.
Association of the STAT4, CDKN1A, and IRF5 variants with risk of lupus nephritis and renal biopsy classification in patients in Vietnam
Authors: Nghiem Trung Dung , Do Gia Tuyen , Luong Long Hoang , Nguyen Quy Linh , Dang Ha Viet , Viet Anh Nguyen , Nguyen Thuy Thu , Tran Van Khanh , Ta Thanh Van , Tran Thinh Huy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLupus nephritis is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, OMIM #15200) in the Asian population and a main contributor to mortality and morbidity. In this study, we evaluate the variants on three genes STAT4, CDKN1A, and IRF5 and their association with lupus nephritis.MethodOne hundred fifty‐two SLE patients with confirmed lupus nephritis (through biopsy) and 76 healthy controls were recruited. Genotyping of SNPs on three gene STAT4, CDKN1A, and IRF5, phenotypic, and laboratory assessment were performed; renal biopsy and classification were carried out for the patient group.ResultsCarriers of rs7582694 C alleles on STAT4 have higher risk of lupus nephritis (OR 2.0; 95% CI [1.14, 3.19]; p = 0.015), at higher risk of hematuria and higher serum level of dsDNA antibodies compared to controls (p < 0.05) and were more likely to have nephrotic histopathology grading of class III or higher. No association was observed for CDKN1A; and no variation was observed for the IRF5 gene in both the study and control group.ConclusionThis study investigates the relationship between STAT4, CDKN1A, and IRF5 gene and SLE in a Vietnamese patient population. Patients with the C allele (STAT4) in rs7582694 were associated with a more severe disease phenotype.
Phenolic Metabolites in the Urine and Plasma of Healthy Men After Acute Intake of Purple Potato Extract Rich in Methoxysubstituted Monoacylated Anthocyanins
Authors: Jokioja Johanna , Percival Jasmine , Philo Mark , Yang Baoru , Kroon Paul A. , Linderborg Kaisa M. 
Published: March 2021

ScopeStructurally stable acylated anthocyanins have potential in various food applications but the effects of acylation and methoxysubstitution on anthocyanin metabolism are poorly understood. This is the first study thoroughly investigating phenolic metabolites, their time‐wise changes, and pharmacokinetics following an acute intake of methoxysubstituted monoacylated anthocyanins.Methods and ResultsHealthy male volunteers (n = 17) consumed a yellow potato meal with and without purple potato extract rich in acylated anthocyanins (152 mg) and hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates (140 mg). Ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS) is used for identification and quantification of metabolites from serially collected urine and plasma. While the parent anthocyanins are not detected, 28 phenolic metabolites from urine and 14 from plasma are quantified, including hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids and protocatechuic acid sulfates and glucuronides; three (catechol, gallic acid‐4‐O‐glucuronide, and 2‐methoxybenzoic acid) are detected for the first time after anthocyanin‐rich food. Urinary hippuric acid is the most abundant with an increase of 139 µM mM−1 creatinine after the treatment. A large additional set of tentatively identified phenolic metabolites are detected. Late urinary peak time values suggest colonic degradation.ConclusionAcylated anthocyanins are more bioavailable than earlier reported after extensive degradation in human and/or colonial metabolism to phenolic metabolites, which may be further conjugated and demethylated.
Steady‐state analysis of load balancing with Coxian‐2 distributed service times
Authors: Liu Xin , Gong Kang , Ying Lei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper studies load balancing for many‐server (N servers) systems. Each server has a buffer of size b − 1, and can have at most one job in service and b − 1 jobs in the buffer. The service time of a job follows the Coxian‐2 distribution. We focus on steady‐state performance of load balancing policies in the heavy traffic regime such that the normalized load of system is λ = 1 − N−α for 0 < α < 0.5. We identify a set of policies that achieve asymptotic zero waiting. The set of policies include several classical policies such as join‐the‐shortest‐queue (JSQ), join‐the‐idle‐queue (JIQ), idle‐one‐first (I1F) and power‐of‐d‐choices (Po d) with d = O(Nα log N). The proof of the main result is based on Stein's method and state space collapse. A key technical contribution of this paper is the iterative state space collapse approach that leads to a simple generator approximation when applying Stein's method.
The sluggard has no locusts: From persistent pest to irresistible icon
Authors: Dominy Nathaniel J. , Fannin Luke D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Desert locusts Schistocerca gregaria are threatening the food security of millions of people and devastating economies in eastern Africa and northern India. The ongoing outbreak is the largest in seven decades.

These events give us cause to reflect on the natural history of locusts, our fraught relationship with them, and how they are represented in American popular culture and others.

Symbolic representations span millennia and most have roots in the natural life cycle of locusts—they transform, they swarm, they devastate specific food crops. There is strong tendency to exaggerate the body size of locusts and the effectiveness of control efforts. Expressions of human futility are rare except in the form of ironic humour.

We conclude by suggesting that we humans indulge in hyperbole and humour to normalize and inure ourselves to the psychologically unbearable, and that this tendency is a precondition for the techno‐optimism that drives anti‐locust technologies.

There is no substitute for effective monitoring and management programs, but the importance of new and emerging anti‐locust technologies is expected to increase with projections of increased cyclone activity in the northern Indian Ocean.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Synthesis of a novel N‐alkoxyamine containing macromolecular intumescent flame retardant and its synergism in flame‐retarding polypropylene
Authors: Wang Binglin , Li Jiaxin , Lai Xuejun , Li Hongqiang , Chen Yishen , Zeng Xingrong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEndowing intumescent flame retardant (IFR) with free‐radical quenching capability is a promising method to improve its efficiency. Herein, a novel N‐alkoxyamine containing macromolecular intumescent flame retardant (RQMIFR) was synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reaction and combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to improve the thermostability and fire resistance of polypropylene (PP). The results showed that there was a good synergism between RQMIFR and APP, which effectively enhanced the thermostability and flame retardancy of PP. When the content of RQMIFR was 8.33 wt% and APP was 16.67 wt%, the limiting oxygen index of PP increased from 19.0% to 39.5% and achieved a UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Besides, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, carbon monoxide production, and carbon dioxide production were remarkably reduced. It was revealed that during combustion, RQMIFR generated nitroxyl free‐radicals and quenched the active free radicals produced by PP both in gas and condensed phase. Simultaneously, RQMIFR and APP worked synergistically to form a compact intumescent char layer through the esterification, cross‐linking, cyclization, and foaming reactions, thus effectively improved the thermostability and flame retardancy of PP.
Prevention and treatment of anticipatory chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients and hematopoietic stem cell recipients: Clinical practice guideline update
Authors: Patel Priya , Robinson Paula D. , Devine Katie A. , Positano Karyn , Cohen Marie , Gibson Paul , Holdsworth Mark , Phillips Robert , Spinelli Daniela , Thackray Jennifer , van de Wetering Marianne , Woods Deborah , Cabral Sandra , Sung Lillian , Dupuis L. Lee 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis 2021 clinical practice guideline update provides recommendations for preventing anticipatory chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in pediatric patients. Recommendations are based on systematic reviews that identified (1) if a history of acute or delayed CINV is a risk factor for anticipatory CINV, and (2) interventions for anticipatory CINV prevention and treatment. A strong recommendation to optimize acute and delayed CINV control in order to prevent anticipatory CINV is made. Conditional recommendations are made for hypnosis, systematic desensitization, relaxation techniques, and lorazepam for the secondary prevention of anticipatory CINV. No recommendation for the treatment of anticipatory CINV can be made.
Self‐healing performance of hybrid core‐shell nanofibers mat containing epoxy‐mercaptan at subroom temperature
Authors: Sadeghi Sayed Ali Mirmohammad , Borhani Sedigheh , Zadhoush Ali , Dinari Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSelf‐healing epoxy composite working at subroom temperature could be useful in aerospace industry and wind turbine blades. In this research, hybrid core‐shell nanofibers mat containing epoxy resin and mercaptan was embedded in epoxy matrix to investigate repeated self‐healing ability of the fabricated composite at subroom temperature (10°C). The results of three‐point bending test illustrated that the release of epoxy resin and mercaptan into cracks and curing reaction between them could restore flexural properties of the composite. In fourth bending cycle, flexural modulus of composite reinforced by hybrid mat and unreinforced epoxy (without nanofiber) was reduced 6% and 24%, respectively. In addition, hybrid mat reinforced composite was broken at fifth bending cycle whereas for unreinforced epoxy specimen occurred at fourth bending cycle. Non‐isothermal differential scanning calorimetry thermograms after each three‐point bending cycle of hybrid mat reinforced composite showed an exothermic peak centered about 64°C. This peak is related to epoxy and mercaptan reaction that could confirm self‐healing ability of hybrid core‐shell nanofibers mat. Extraction results, FTIR analysis, and three‐point bending test showed the stability of epoxy and mercaptan into nanofibers during 8 months.
Inhibition of human prostate stromal cell growth and smooth muscle contraction by thalidomide: A novel remedy in LUTS?
Authors: Tamalunas Alexander , Sauckel Cora , Ciotkowska Anna , Rutz Beata , Wang Ruixiao , Huang Ru , Li Bingsheng , Stief Christian G. , Gratzke Christian , Hennenberg Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMedical treatment in benign prostatic hyperplasia targets prostate size to prevent disease progression, complications, and surgery, and prostate smooth muscle tone for rapid relief of lower urinary tract symptoms. Combination therapies are still required to target both at once. However, current medications are insufficient, due to an unfavorable balance between side effects and efficacy. The limited efficacy of α1‐blockers may be due to nonadrenergic mediators like endothelin‐1 and thromboxane A2 (TXA2), which keep up prostate smooth muscle contraction even in the presence of α1‐blockers. Consequently, future options with higher efficacy need to target α1‐adrenergic and nonadrenergic contractions as well as stromal cell growth at once. Thalidomide has been approved as an oral medication for various diseases, including the treatment of prostate cancer. Therefore, we investigated the effect of thalidomide on cellular functions of prostate stromal cells and human prostate smooth muscle contraction.MethodsCytoskeletal organization was visualized by phalloidin staining, cell growth was assessed by 5‐ethynyl‐2ʹ‐deoxyuridine assay, cell viability by cell counting kit‐8, and apoptosis and cell death by flow cytometry in cultured prostate stromal cells (WPMY‐1). Contractions of human prostate tissues from radical prostatectomy were studied in an organ bath, where they were induced by the α1‐adrenoceptor agonists methoxamine, noradrenaline, phenylephrine, and the nonadrenergic agonists endothelin‐1, TXA2 analog U46619, or electric field stimulation (EFS).ResultsThalidomide significantly reduced the proliferation of WPMY‐1 cells, which was time‐ and concentration‐dependent (10–300 µM). In parallel, organization of actin filaments collapsed after treatment with thalidomide. Thalidomide (30–100 µM) inhibited noradrenaline‐, phenylephrine‐, and methoxamine‐induced contractions, as well as nonadrenergic contractions induced by endothelin‐1 and U46619, and neurogenic contractions induced by EFS. No reduction in viability and no increases in apoptosis or in cell death were observed in WPMY‐1 cells.ConclusionsThalidomide impairs the growth of human prostate stromal cells, without showing a decrease in cell viability. In parallel, thalidomide inhibits adrenergic, neurogenic, and nonadrenergic contractions. This may be explained by a breakdown of the actin cytoskeleton. In vivo, urodynamic effects of thalidomide appear possible and may even exceed those of α1‐blockers or combination therapies.
Optimal resource allocation for satellite‐aided collaborative computing among multiple user pairs
Authors: Zhang Shanghong , Cui Gaofeng , Long Yating , Wang Weidong 
Published: March 2021

SummarySatellite‐aided communication networks play a vital role for users in remote areas. With the increasing enhancement of users' computing capacities for satellite‐aided communication networks, a part of the data can be compressed first at the source node and then decompressed at the destination node to relieve the burden of the transmission. In this way, collaborative computing among multiple user pairs is achieved. Due to the limitations of the computing and communication resources, how to realize collaborative computing efficiently and allocate the communication resource optimally is the problem that needs to be addressed. In this paper, a collaborative computing and resources allocation (CCRA) method is proposed to minimize the weighted‐sum latency of multiple user pairs formed by two nodes with computing capacities that exchange data via the satellite. With CCRA, the upper bound of the end‐to‐end latency is defined and used to decompose the problem of joint computing and resource allocation for multiple user pairs into independent problems for every user pair. And then, the optimal solutions for collaborative computing and resource allocation can be achieved with closed‐form solutions and low complexity. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of CCRA in latency optimization.
A perspective on sustainable energy materials for lithium batteries
Authors: Cheng Xin‐Bing , Liu He , Yuan Hong , Peng Hong‐Jie , Tang Cheng , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLithium ion battery has achieved great success in portable electronics and even recently electronic vehicles since its commercialization in 1990s. However, lithium‐ion batteries are confronted with several issues in terms of the sustainable development such as the high price of raw materials and electronic products, the emerging safety accidents, etc. The recent progresses are herein emphasized on lithium batteries for energy storage to clearly understand the sustainable energy chemistry and emerging energy materials. The Perspective presents novel lithium‐ion batteries developed with the aims of enhancing the electrochemical performance and sustainability of energy storage systems. First, revolutionary material chemistries, including novel low‐cobalt cathode, organic electrode, and aqueous electrolyte, are discussed. Then, the characteristics of safety performance are analyzed and strategies to enhance safety are subsequently evaluated. Battery recycling is considered as the key factor for a sustainable society and related technologies are present as well. Finally, conclusion and outlook are drawn to shed lights on the further development of sustainable lithium‐ion batteries.
Renewable biomass‐derived carbons for electrochemical capacitor applications
Authors: Luo Xianyou , Chen Shaorui , Hu Tianzhao , Chen Yong , Li Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiomass is rich, renewable, sustainable, and green resources, thereby excellent raw material for the fabrication of carbon materials. The diversity in structure and morphology of biomass are relevant in obtaining carbon materials with different structures and performances. The inherent ordered porous structure of biomass also benefits the activation process to yield porous carbons with ultrahigh specific surface area and pore volume. Besides, obtained biomass‐derived carbons (BDCs) are hard carbon with porous morphology, stable structure, superior hardness/strength, and good cycling performances when used in electrochemical capacitors (ECs). The inherent N, S, P, and O elements in biomass yield naturally self‐doped N, S, P, and O BDCs with unique intrinsic structures. In this paper, the synthesis approaches and applications of BDCs in ECs are reviewed. It shows that BDCs electrochemical performances are highly determined by their pore structures, specific surface areas, heteroatoms doping, graphitization degree, defects, and morphologies. The electrochemical performances of BDCs can further be improved by compositing with other materials, such as graphene, carbon nanofibers/nanotubes, transition metal oxides or hydroxides, and conducting polymers. The future challenges and outlooks of BDCs are also provided.
Two Intermediates in Ammonothermal InN Crystal Growth: [In(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 and InF2(NH2)
Authors: Becker Peter , Cekovski Toni Boris , Niewa Rainer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe ammonothermal synthesis is a promising instrument for synthesis and crystal growth of the metastable semiconductor InN. Two novel intermediates within the ammonothermal InN crystal growth have been synthesized, namely pentaamminechloridoindium dichloride, [In(NH3)5Cl]Cl2, and indium amide difluoride, InF2(NH2). Both intermediates were obtained under ammonothermal conditions (Tmax=663 K, pmax=118.3 MPa, and Tmax=753 K, respectively) in a near‐ammononeutral milieu as established for InN crystal growth, using the respective indium trihalide together with potassium amide as mineralizer system. The crystal structure of [In(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 shows strong structural relations to the corresponding intermediate [Ga(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 within ammonoacidic GaN crystal growth. At ambient pressure, it decomposes above 450 K under release of ammonia. InF2(NH2) shows attributes of a classical MX3 crystal structure, realizing the motif of a hexagonal close packing of (NH)2− together with F− ions and indium occupying one third of the octahedral holes between every layer of the packing. Vibrational spectroscopy for both solid intermediates is reported.
Spontaneous leptogenesis in Higgs inflation
Authors: Lee Sung Mook , Oda Kin-ya , Park Seong Chan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We propose a scenario of spontaneous leptogenesis in Higgs inflation with help from two additional operators: the Weinberg operator (Dim 5) and the derivative coupling of the Higgs field and the current of lepton number (Dim 6). The former is responsible for lepton number violation and the latter induces chemical potential for lepton number. The period of rapidly changing Higgs field, naturally realized in Higgs inflation during the reheating, allows large enhancement in the produced asymmetry in lepton number, which is eventually converted into baryon asymmetry of the universe. This scenario is compatible with high reheating temperature of Higgs inflation model.
More on complex Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev eternal wormholes
Authors: Zhang Pengfei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, we study a generalization of the coupled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model with U(1) charge conservations. The model contains two copies of the complex SYK model at different chemical potentials, coupled by a direct hopping term. In the zero-temperature and small coupling limit with small averaged chemical potential, the ground state is an eternal wormhole connecting two sides, with a specific chargeQ= 0, which is equivalent to a thermofield double state. We derive the conformal Green’s functions and determine corresponding IR parameters. At higher chemical potential, the system transit into the black hole phase. We further derive the Schwarzian effective action and study its quench dynamics. Finally, we compare numerical results with the analytical predictions.