bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The beginning of the movement of bottom sediments in an unsteady flow
Authors: Eshev Sobir , Gaimnazarov Isroil , Latipov Shakhboz , Mamatov Nurbek , Sobirov Feruz , Rayimova Iroda 
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the problems of determining the friction parameter and non-eroding conditions in a wave flow are considered from the standpoint of an approach using a critical dynamic speed. In the first stage of research, the question of the formation of an unsteady turbulent boundary layer is substantiated. Because of the research, dependences were obtained for the most important value from the point of view of sediment transport - the friction parameter. Based on the data of these measurements, a plot of dependence was built, which differs from the previously obtained analytical relationships. For the convenience of practical use of the obtained empirical connection approximated.
The second stage of research is the development of a method for calculating the critical tangential stresses corresponding to the beginning of the movement of bottom sediments. Based on the Shilds method, a curve similar to the Shilds curve for wave flow conditions was constructed, which was approximated for the convenience of practical use.
WHO-Leitlinie: Körperliche Aktivität, Bewegungsmangel
und Schlaf für Kinder unter 5 Jahren
Authors: Sommer Isolde , Nußbaumer-Streit Barbara , Gartlehner Gerald 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die frühe Kindheit ist eine Zeit in der sich
Verhaltensweisen formen und Familien für Änderungen des
Lebensstils offen sind.
Ziel Diese Leitlinie gibt Empfehlungen wie viele Stunden Kleinkinder unter
5 Jahren innerhalb von 24 Stunden körperlich aktiv sein oder schlafen
sollen, um ihre Gesundheit und ihr Wohlbefinden zu fördern.
Methode Die Leitlinie wurde von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO)
gemäß WHO-Standards umgesetzt. Die Zusammenfassung wurde von
Mitarbeiter/innen des WHO Collaborating Centres an der
Donau-Universität Krems (Österreich) auf Deutsch
übersetzt.
Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Jeder Tag besteht aus Schlafenszeit,
niedrig-aktiven Phasen (Sitzen, Stehen, Liegen) und leichter,
mäßiger oder kräftiger körperliche
Aktivität. Kleine Kinder sollten die Möglichkeit haben, sich an
entwicklungsgerechter, sicherer und spielbasierter körperlicher
Aktivität zu beteiligen und nicht länger als eine Stunde am
Stück von Bewegung abgehalten werden.
Gestationsdiabetes-Screening 2.0
Authors: Goeckenjan Maren , Schäfer-Graf Ute 
Published: May 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIm Frühjahr 2012 wurde das Gestationsdiabetes-Screening in die Mutterschafts-Richtlinien in Deutschland aufgenommen. Das Screeningverfahren besteht aus einer zweistufigen Diagnostik: Zunächst erfolgt der 50-g-Glukose-Belastungstest, bei auffälligem Testergebnis gefolgt vom oralen Glukosetoleranztest mit 75 g Glukoselösung. Trotz Einführung vor fast 10 Jahren ist die Diskussion um dieses Stufenscreening nicht beendet, auch wenn die kontinuierlich steigenden Erkennungsraten der neu aufgetretenen Zuckerstoffwechselstörung in der Schwangerschaft zeigen, dass das Screening umgesetzt wird. Wie das Vorgehen in Deutschland heute umgesetzt wird und welche Konsequenzen die Diagnose eines Gestationsdiabetes hat, sollen in diesem Artikel beschrieben werden.
Blutzuckermonitoring bei Gestationsdiabetes
Authors: Reichel Andreas 
Published: May 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn den derzeitigen Empfehlungen der Fachgesellschaften findet sich für den Gestationsdiabetes die kapilläre Blutzuckerselbstkontrolle mittels Teststreifen zu genau definierten Zeitpunkten als Standard. Aus diesen Werten müssen alle Therapieentscheidungen abgeleitet werden. Die Vollständigkeit und Richtigkeit sowohl für die Präanalytik als auch für den Messzeitpunkt sind im klinischen Alltag oft nicht optimal. Kontinuierlich messende Glukosemonitoringsysteme können diese Probleme umgehen. Dieser Vorteil könnte mögliche Abweichung zwischen kontinuierlicher Gewebezuckermessung (CGM) und Blutzuckerselbstkontrolle (BZSK) ausgleichen. Die Nutzung von CGM-Systemen geht mit einem Komfortgewinn für die Patientinnen einher und könnte die Motivation zu Verhaltensänderungen hinsichtlich der Ernährung und einer ggf. notwendigen Insulintherapie verbessern. Eine Kostenübernahme durch Krankenkassen ist in der Regel jedoch erst nach Beginn einer intensivierten Insulintherapie möglich, sodass in der Initialphase und für Patientinnen ohne Notwendigkeit einer intensivierten konventionellen Insulintherapie (ICT) erhebliche Kosten entstehen. Weitere Untersuchungen mit geeignetem Design sind notwendig, um die Frage nach einem Zusatznutzen für den Ausgang der Schwangerschaft unter Nutzung von CGM valide zu beantworten. Sollte dies der Fall sein, wäre sicher auch eine Kostenübernahme der Krankenversicherer vor der Initiierung einer ICT gerechtfertigt.
“Pin Method” for Endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Huang Ting-Chun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion using a cage can have a similar fusion rate as minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) or open lumbar interbody fusion. Direct visual control during cage insertion is the key to prevent neural structure incarceration in endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion. Creating a track with any kind of retractor or cannula for cage insertion under fluoroscopic guidance is not safe enough, because the retractor and cannula can create many blind spots and can displace during cage insertion.
Method The pin method utilizes two flexible metallic guide pins inserted from the skin incision through the annulotomy site into the disk space until the anterior longitudinal ligament is reached under direct endoscopic monitoring. The two guide pins could be oriented parallel or perpendicular or even reduce to one or increase to many as needed to serve as a sliding track and a see-through barrier to prevent neural incarceration.
Results and Conclusion Two cases of L4/L5 grade 2 spondylolisthesis with neurogenic claudication were treated with endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion with 1-year follow-up, and the visual analog scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D, %) score, and modified Macnab score all improved greatly in both. The author developed an original, cheap, accessible, and safe method called the “pin method,” which can be used in both full-endoscopic and biportal surgery and can apply to various approaches and has no limitation on the size and shape of the cage.
Refractory Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema in Extreme Premature Newborn
Authors: Ali Mahmoud , Mallett Lea , Miller Greg 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) occurs when air leaks into the pulmonary interstitium due to overdistension of distal airways, it occurs mainly in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome who need positive pressure ventilation but has also been reported in spontaneously breathing infants. Herein, we report on an extremely low birth weight infant with severe persistent PIE, while on invasive mechanical ventilation (high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, high-frequency jet ventilation, and neurally adjust ventilator assist) managed successfully with 2 weeks of selective right lung ventilation after failure of more conservative measures, including shorter periods of right mainstem intubation, before the prolonged trial that was successful.
Kagami-Ogata Syndrome: Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Sakaria Rishika P. , Mostafavi Roya , Miller Stephen , Ward Jewell C. , Pivnick Eniko K. , Talati Ajay J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKagami-Ogata syndrome (KOS) (OMIM #608149) is a genetic imprinting disorder affecting chromosome 14 that results in a characteristic phenotype consisting of typical facial features, skeletal abnormalities including rib abnormalities described as “coat hanger ribs,” respiratory distress, abdominal wall defects, polyhydramnios, and developmental delay. First identified by Wang et al in 1991, over 80 cases of KOS have been reported in the literature. KOS, however, continues to remain a rare and potentially underdiagnosed disorder. In this report, we describe two unrelated male infants with differing initial presentations who were both found to have the characteristic “coat hanger” rib appearance on chest X-ray, raising suspicion for KOS. Molecular testing confirmed KOS in each case. In addition to these new cases, we reviewed the existing cases reported in literature. Presence of polyhydramnios, small thorax, curved ribs, and abdominal wall defects must alert the perinatologist toward the possibility of KOS to facilitate appropriate molecular testing. The overall prognosis of KOS remains poor. Early diagnosis allows for counseling by a multidisciplinary team and enables parents to make informed decisions regarding both pregnancy management and postnatal care.
Severe Consumptive Coagulopathy in an Extremely-Low-Birth-Weight Infant with Intra-Abdominal Umbilical Vein Varix: A Case Report
Authors: Haga Mitsuhiro , Itoh Kanako , Horikoshi Tsuguhiro , Namba Fumihiko , Kabe Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent studies have shown favorable outcomes for intra-abdominal umbilical vein varices (IUVVs) in term neonates who have no other complications. Little is known, however, about the prognosis of IUVVs in preterm neonates. We encountered a case of IUVV in an extremely low-birth-weight infant who developed severe consumptive coagulopathy after birth. The patient's coagulation test normalized as the varix spontaneously obstructed. Although life-threatening hemorrhagic complications were avoided, a cerebellum hemorrhage was found in the brain magnetic resonance imaging at the term-equivalent age. In a literature survey, coagulopathy was reported in 4 out of 15 infants with IUVVs born before 34 weeks of gestation, including our present case. Preterm infants with IUVVs may develop coagulopathy because of the prematurity of their coagulation–fibrinolysis systems. Attention should be given to the coagulation status of preterm neonates with IUVVs.
Excellent Radiological Response with Modern Contemporary Proton Beam Therapy in Favorable Molecular Low-Intermediate Grade Oligodendroglioma: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Tonse Raees , Noufal MP , Shamurailatpam Dayananda , Jalali Rakesh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) has been a long-standing treatment option for low-grade glioma. Improvements in tumor control and reduced radiation-related toxicity can be attributed to advances in neuroimaging as well as RT treatment planning and delivery techniques. The molecular markers such as isocitrate dehydrogenase and lpl9q play a key role in determining which patients will benefit most from combined radiation and systemic therapy. We hereby report two cases of favorable molecular low-intermediate grade oligodendroglioma treated with modern proton pencil-beam therapy under high-precision image guidance showing excellent radiological response that is usually not seen with conventional photon radiation.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Peripartum Hysterectomy Risk and Outcomes
Authors: Bogardus Margaret H. , Wen Timothy , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Wright Jason D. , Goffman Dena , Sheen Jean-Ju , D'Alton Mary E. , Friedman Alexander M. 
Published: May 2021

Objective This study aimed to determine whether race and ethnicity contribute to risks associated with peripartum hysterectomy.
Study Design This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized the 2000–2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample to analyze risk of peripartum hysterectomy and associated severe maternal morbidity, mortality, surgical injury, reoperation, surgical-site complications, and mortality by maternal race and ethnicity. Race and ethnicity were categorized as non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, other, and unknown. Multivariable log-linear regression models including patient, clinical, and hospital risk factors were performed with adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results Of 59,854,731 delivery hospitalizations, there were 45,369 peripartum hysterectomies (7.6 per thousand). Of these, 37.8% occurred among non-Hispanic white, 13.9% among non-Hispanic black, and 22.8% among Hispanic women. In adjusted analyses, non-Hispanic black (aRR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.17–1.29) and Hispanic women (aRR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.22–1.29) were at increased risk of hysterectomy compared with non-Hispanic white women. Risk for severe morbidity was increased for non-Hispanic black (aRR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.19–1.33), but not for Hispanic (aRR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.97–1.07) women. Between these three groups, risk for intraoperative complications was highest among non-Hispanic white women, risk for reoperation was highest among Hispanic women, and risk for surgical-site complications was highest among non-Hispanic black women. Evaluating maternal mortality, non-Hispanic black women (RR: 3.83, 95% CI: 2.65–5.53) and Hispanic women (RR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.74–3.59) were at higher risk than non-Hispanic white women.
Conclusion Peripartum hysterectomy and related complications other than death differed modestly by race. In comparison, mortality differentials were large supporting that differential risk for death in the setting of this high-risk scenario may be an important cause of disparities.
Key Points
Intracounty modeling of COVID-19 infection with human mobility: Assessing spatial heterogeneity with business traffic, age, and race
Authors: Hou Xiao , Gao Song , Li Qin , Kang Yuhao , Chen Nan , Chen Kaiping , Rao Jinmeng , Ellenberg Jordan S. , Patz Jonathan A. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
A human mobility flow-augmented stochastic susceptible–exposed–infectious–removed–style epidemic modeling framework is developed, which combines with data assimilation and machine learning to reconstruct the historical growth trajectories of COVID-19 infection in the two largest counties in Wisconsin. The associations between the spread of COVID-19 and human mobility/demographics are investigated. The results reveal different types of spatial heterogeneities (e.g., varying peak infection timing in different subregions) even within a county. Our scenario studies suggest that policy makers may need to take these heterogeneities into account very carefully when designing regionalization-based policies (e.g., testing and vaccination resource allocation) for mitigating the ongoing spread of COVID-19 and better preparing for future epidemics.
Dimensions of invasiveness: Links between local abundance, geographic range size, and habitat breadth in Europe’s alien and native floras
Authors: Fristoe Trevor S. , Chytrý Milan , Dawson Wayne , Essl Franz , Heleno Ruben , Kreft Holger , Maurel Noëlie , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , Seebens Hanno , Weigelt Patrick , Vargas Pablo , Yang Qiang , Attorre Fabio , Bergmeier Erwin , Bernhardt-Römermann Markus , Biurrun Idoia , Boch Steffen , Bonari Gianmaria , Botta-Dukát Zoltán , Bruun Hans Henrik , Byun Chaeho , Čarni Andraž , Carranza Maria Laura , Catford Jane A. , Cerabolini Bruno E. L. , Chacón-Madrigal Eduardo , Ciccarelli Daniela , Ćušterevska Renata , de Ronde Iris , Dengler Jürgen , Golub Valentin , Haveman Rense , Hough-Snee Nate , Jandt Ute , Jansen Florian , Kuzemko Anna , Küzmič Filip , Lenoir Jonathan , Macanović Armin , Marcenò Corrado , Martin Adam R. , Michaletz Sean T. , Mori Akira S. , Niinemets Ülo , Peterka Tomáš , Pielech Remigiusz , Rašomavičius Valerijus , Rūsiņa Solvita , Dias Arildo S. , Šibíková Mária , Šilc Urban , Stanisci Angela , Jansen Steven , Svenning Jens-Christian , Swacha Grzegorz , van der Plas Fons , Vassilev Kiril , van Kleunen Mark 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceInvasive alien species pose major threats to biodiversity and ecosystems. However, identifying drivers of invasion success has been challenging, in part because species can achieve invasiveness in different ways, each corresponding to different aspects of demographics and distribution. Employing a multidimensional perspective of invasiveness to Europe’s alien flora, we find species generally fall along an axis from overall poor invaders to super invaders that become abundant, widespread, and invade diverse habitats. Some species that deviate from this pattern are recently introduced and still spreading, but others represent atypical forms of invasiveness. In addition to identifying species traits and ecological circumstances associated with super invaders (e.g., intercontinental introductions), we explore drivers in atypical invasions, providing increased clarity into invasion processes.
Coral bleaching response is unaltered following acclimatization to reefs with distinct environmental conditions
Authors: Barott Katie L. , Huffmyer Ariana S. , Davidson Jennifer M. , Lenz Elizabeth A. , Matsuda Shayle B. , Hancock Joshua R. , Innis Teegan , Drury Crawford , Putnam Hollie M. , Gates Ruth D. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Ocean warming has caused catastrophic losses of corals on reefs worldwide and is intensifying faster than the adaptive rate of most coral populations that remain. Human interventions, such as propagation of heat-resistant corals, may help maintain reef function and delay further devastation of these valuable ecosystems as society confronts the climate crisis. However, exposing adult corals to a complex suite of new environmental conditions could lead to tradeoffs that alter their heat stress responses, and empirical data are needed to test the utility of this approach. Here, we show that corals transplanted to novel reef conditions did not exhibit changes in their heat stress response or negative fitness tradeoffs, supporting the inclusion of this approach in our management arsenal.
Addendum to ‘The paradoxical zero reflection at zero energy’ (2017 Eur. J. Phys.
38 025401)
Authors: Ahmed Zafar , Sharma Vibhu , Sharma Mayank , Singhal Ankush , Kaiwart Rahul , Priyadarshini Pallavi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The probability of reflection R(E) off a finite attractive scattering potential at zero or low energies is ordinarily supposed to be 1. However, in Ahmed Z et al (2017 Eur. J. Phys.
38 025401) we proposed that a fully attractive potential presents a paradoxical result of R(0) = 0, when an effective parameter q of the potential admits special discrete values. In an interesting comment to Ahmed et al (2017 Eur. J. Phys.
38 025401); by 5van Dijk and Nogami (2017 Eur. J. Phys.
38 038002), another class of finite potentials turned out to be of the well–barrier type, which can be made to possess much less reflection at zero and low energies for a band of low values of q. Such well–barrier potentials have only two real turning points for E ∈ (min (V(x)), max (V(x))), excepting E = 0. Here, we wish to add one more exactly solvable and two numerically solved models to confirm this phenomenon in the well–barrier systems.
Effects of Y- and La-doping on the magnetic ordering, Kondo effect, and spin dynamics in Ce1−x

M

x
Ru2Al10
Authors: Peratheepan P , Britz D , Strydom A M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The influence of Y- and La-substitution for Ce on the competing Kondo effect and magnetic ordering, as well as on spin dynamics in the Kondo semiconductor CeRu2Al10 have been investigated by means of thermal, electronic, and magnetic properties. The parent compound CeRu2Al10 is known to be a controversial antiferromagnet with high magnetic ordering temperature T
0 = 27 K. A small negative chemical pressure caused by La-doping results rapid suppression of T
0 and spin gap energy Δ
m
, compared to a small positive pressure caused by Y-doping. Upon Y- and La-doping, the electrical resistivity ρ(T) illustrates the evolution from dense Kondo semiconductor to incoherent single-ion Kondo behaviour, and hence weakens the c–f hybridization and thus lowers the Kondo temperature. The 5% Y- and La-doped compounds show enormous enhancement in the thermoelectric power and complex behaviour in the Hall resistivity below T
0 due to an abrupt change in charge carrier mobility with temperature. The magnetic contribution to electrical resistivity ρ
mag(T) (≳50% La) and specific heat C
P(T)/T (≳70% La) evidence non-Fermi-liquid behaviour at low temperature in the La-doped system, due to interplay of atomic disorder with spin-fluctuation. Application of magnetic field suppresses the spin-fluctuation in C
P(T)/T and eventually emerges to Fermi-liquid state in the 95% La-doped compound in 9 T. The magnetic phase diagram illustrates that the strength of the Kondo interaction in the doped systems are primarily controlled by the effect of volume change as described by the compressible Kondo lattice model. We ascribe the fascinating observation of T
K ≃ 4T
0 to anisotropy in the single-ion crystal electric field in the presence of strong anisotropic c–f hybridization.
Efficient Monte-Carlo based system modelling for image reconstruction in preclinical pinhole SPECT
Authors: Nguyen Minh Phuong , Goorden Marlies C , Ramakers Ruud M , Beekman Freek J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The use of multi-pinhole collimation has enabled ultra-high-resolution imaging of SPECT and PET tracers in small animals. Key for obtaining high-quality images is the use of statistical iterative image reconstruction with accurate energy-dependent photon transport modelling through collimator and detector. This can be incorporated in a system matrix that contains the probabilities that a photon emitted from a certain voxel is detected at a specific detector pixel. Here we introduce a fast Monte-Carlo based (FMC-based) matrix generation method for pinhole imaging that is easy to apply to various radionuclides. The method is based on accelerated point source simulations combined with model-based interpolation to straightforwardly change or combine photon energies of the radionuclide of interest. The proposed method was evaluated for a VECTor PET-SPECT system with (i) a HE-UHR-M collimator and (ii) an EXIRAD-3D 3D autoradiography collimator. Both experimental scans with 99mTc, 111In, and 123I, and simulated scans with 67Ga and 90Y were performed for evaluation. FMC was compared with two currently used approaches, one based on a set of point source measurements with 99mTc (dubbed traditional method), and the other based on an energy-dependent ray-tracing simulation (ray-tracing method). The reconstruction results show better image quality when using FMC-based matrices than when applying the traditional or ray-tracing matrices in various cases. FMC-based matrices generalise better than the traditional matrices when imaging radionuclides with energies deviating too much from the energy used in the calibration and are computationally more efficient for very-high-resolution imaging than the ray-tracing matrices. In addition, FMC has the advantage of easily combining energies in a single matrix which is relevant when imaging radionuclides with multiple photopeak energies (e.g. 67Ga and 111In) or with a continuous energy spectrum (e.g. 90Y). To conclude, FMC is an efficient, accurate, and versatile tool for creating system matrices for ultra-high-resolution pinhole SPECT.