bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sociology of compensation inequality in upper‐echelon positions: evidence from Australia
Authors: Safari Maryam , Birt Jacqueline , Xiang Yi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the sociology of gender pay equality in leadership positions. Using a large compensation dataset, we examine the impact of gender pay inequality among directors and executives on firm performance. Based on a triangulation research design, quantitative outcomes are supplemented with semi‐structured interviews to study compensation expectations, negotiation skills and gender differences in teamwork on boards of directors. The findings show that remuneration transparency is becoming the norm. However, compensation inequalities still exist and undermine performance. The results indicate that diversity targets or specific policies regarding equality and equity of opportunity are insufficient if they are not supported by a cultural understanding and the application of equitable policies and procedures throughout the organisation.
Does stock market liberalisation restrain corporate financialisation?
Authors: Ying Qianwei , Zhu Yanyan , Yao Mengchao , Li Ziyang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study the impact of stock market liberalisation through the Mainland China–Hong Kong Stock Connect (CHSC) program on the corporate financialisation of listed firms in Mainland China using the generalised difference‐in‐difference model in this paper. The empirical results show that implementing the CHSC program significantly reduces corporate financialisation of the listed firms in Mainland China by mitigating internal agency conflicts and enhancing external monitoring. Further analysis indicates that the inhibiting effect of stock market liberalisation through the CHSC program on corporate financialisation is more pronounced for firms without cross‐listing or qualified foreign institutional investors (QFII) ownership and firms with a more remarkable change of foreign ownership brought by the CHSC program.
Comparison of calcium hydroxide extrusion with syringe versus spiral filler delivery: A pilot study
Authors: Lai Gordon S. , Davis Scott , Gluskin Alan H. , Peters Christine I. , Peters Ove A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate Ca(OH)2 extrusion in relation to delivery technique, apical size and depth of placement. Plastic blocks had j‐shaped canals shaped to apical sizes #35 and #45 (n = 32 each). Amounts of calcium hydroxide extrusion was determined relative to apical taper, depth of insertion and whether syringe or spiral filler at 500 rpm was used. Blocks were immersed in pH‐sensitive gel and observed for colour change. Extent of extrusion was expressed in mm2. Extrusion occurred in 48/64 of the samples. At 3 mm from the canal terminus, the device affected the frequency of extrusion, with syringe placement causing extrusion significantly (P < 0.01) more frequently, irrespective of apical size. Extrusion was significantly greater at 2 mm short of the canal terminus (median 27.44 mm2) compared to 3 mm (median 19.69 mm2). Under in‐vitro conditions, a spiral filler at 500 rpm, 3 mm short of the apex, minimised extrusion of Ca(OH)2 from root canals.
In vitro antibacterial activity of endodontic bioceramic materials against dual and multispecies aerobic‐anaerobic biofilm models
Authors: Jerez‐Olate Christian , Araya Nancy , Alcántara Raúl , Luengo Luis , Bello‐Toledo Helia , González‐Rocha Gerardo , Sánchez‐Sanhueza Gabriela 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of calcium silicate repair cements and sealers against a dual‐species planktonic aerobic model with different aging times and the ability to inhibit the formation of a mature 21‐day‐old multispecies anaerobic biofilm. The antibacterial activity of ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, Biodentine, BioRoot RCS and TotalFill BC sealer against a dual‐species aerobic planktonic model, as well as measuring how materials were affected by aging, was evaluated using the Modified Direct Contact Test. Subsequently, the ability to inhibit the formation of a mature multispecies anaerobic biofilm was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy complemented with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biodentine and BioRoot RCS had higher antibacterial action, and Biodentine was able to maintain its antibacterial action after a prolonged aging period in vitro. Calcium silicate repair cement MTA ProRoot and Biodentine had higher antibiofilm action.
Letter: cross‐linkage between bacterial taxonomy and gene functions—a study of metagenome‐assembled genomes of gut microbiota in adult non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Han Weijia , Hou Jinlin 
Published: November 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Canivet et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16262
Letter: a randomised clinical trial comparing the effects of pregabalin with those of placebo on functional dyspepsia
Authors: Chen Peng , Chen Fuchao , Lei Jiexin , Wu Yue , Benhong Zhou 
Published: November 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kotikula et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16588 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16667
Co‐curation: Archival interventions and voluntary sector records
Authors: Brewis Georgina , Ellis Paine Angela , Hardill Irene , Lindsey Rose , Macmillan Rob 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is a growing trend across the social sciences to engage with archives. Within human geography, this has stimulated a debate about the nature of archives, including moving from considering ‘archive as source’ to ‘archive as subject.’ We build on and extend this thinking, suggesting that an even more active appreciation of the dynamic nature of relationships between researchers, owners of records, and archival material is needed. This paper draws on an interdisciplinary study of voluntary action and welfare provision in England in the 1940s and 2010s to highlight how the different iterative processes involved in collaborative archival research are part of what we call co‐curation. Co‐curation involves the negotiated identification, selection, preparation, and interpretation of archival materials. This has implications for both research processes and outcomes.
Emotions and positionalities: Experiences from fieldwork among Danish Muslims
Authors: Koefoed Lasse , Simonsen Kirsten 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses epistemological and methodological considerations related to emotional experiences of conducting research among Muslims. It also involves considerations of positionalities and the issue of doing critical research on the basis of experiences. Through concrete examples, we unearth experiences from fieldwork, in this way uncovering emotions and prejudices from both researchers and research participants. Experiences then have a double meaning: both as the study of “their” experiences as living and acting minorities and as “our” methodological experiences and their influence on our studies. It includes recruitment, mutual prejudice, insecurity, and research roles in participatory research. The paper draws on research projects that we have undertaken and written about during the past 10 years involving our work with ethnic minorities (dominantly Muslims) in Copenhagen. Our approach is what we will call “critical phenomenology” and our methods involve in‐depth interviews, ethnographic observations, and participant observations. The major object of the studies, then, is “ordinary life,” that is, everyday life and embodied experiences from living as ethnic minorities in the city.
Prognostic importance of concomitant non‐regional lymph node and bone metastases in men with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Heesterman Berdine L. , van der Poel Henk G. , Schoots Ivo G. , Mehra Niven , Aben Katja K. H. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prognostic importance of concomitant non‐regional lymph node (NRLN) and bone metastases in men with synchronous metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), and to determine whether M1b/M1c is the most appropriate M‐stage and evaluate the additional importance to the distinction in low/high volume disease.Patients and MethodsAll men diagnosed with synchronous mHSPC from 2010 to 2018 in the Netherlands were identified in the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Men were categorised as having NRLN (M1a), bone (M1b), NRLN and bone (M1c), or visceral metastases (M1c). For men diagnosed since October 2015 disease volume could be determined. Analyses were performed in this cohort (>5600 men) and repeated in the 2010–2018 cohort (>14 000 men). The primary outcome measure in this observational cohort study was overall survival (OS) and Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs).ResultsCompared to men with NRLN and bone metastases (reference group), OS of men with only NRLN (HR 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55–0.88) was better. This was also true for men with only bone metastases in the low‐volume subgroup (HR 0.75, 95% CI0.58–0.98), but not in the high‐volume subgroup (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.84–1.18). In contrast, the OS of men with visceral metastases was worse (HR 2.20, 95% CI 1.75–2.77 + 0.97/month, 95% CI 0.96–0.98).ConclusionIn men with low‐volume synchronous mHSPC, presence of concomitant NRLN and bone metastases (currently classified as M1c), is a poor prognostic sign. However, survival of men with visceral metastases (M1c) is worse. Implying that classifying concomitant NRLN and bone metastases as M1c or M1b is not appropriate. Adding a fourth M1‐category to the ninth edition of the Tumour‐Node‐Metastasis classification should be contemplated. Furthermore, definitions of metastatic burden need to be re‐evaluated.
CDK1/FBXW7 facilitates degradation and ubiquitination of MLST8 to inhibit progression of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Encheng , Chen Siteng , Tang Heting , Fei Cheng , Yuan Zhihao , Mu Xingyu , Qin Yan , Liu Haixia , Fan Yu , Tan Mingyue , Wang Xiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent studies have reported that MLST8 is upregulated in many malignant tumors. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this work was to investigate how MLST8 contributes to the development and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). MLST8 is an oncogenic protein in the TCGA database and ccRCC clinical specimens. We also ascertain that MLST8 interacts with FBXW7, which was universally regarded as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. MLST8 can be degraded and ubiquitinated by tumor suppressor FBXW7. FBXW7 recognizes a consensus motif (T/S) PXX (S/T/D/E) of MLST8 and triggers MLST8 degradation via the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. Strikingly, the activated cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) kinase engages in the MLST8 phosphorylation required for FBXW7‐mediated degradation. In vitro, we further prove that MLST8 is an essential mediator of FBXW7 inactivation‐induced tumor growth, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, the MLST8 and FBXW7 proteins are negatively correlated in human renal cancer specimens. Our findings suggest that MLST8 is a putative oncogene that functions via interaction with FBXW7, and inhibition MLST8 could be a potential future target in ccRCC treatment.
Child development in an ideological context: Through the lens of resistance and accommodation
Authors: Rogers Leoandra Onnie , Way Niobe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEvery aspect of child development—from cognition to relationships—is shaped by macrolevel ideologies (e.g., white supremacy, patriarchy) that reflect the social hierarchies and embedded power structures of society. While ecological theories have long underscored the impact of macrosystems and cultures on humans, the field of child development has tended to overemphasize microsystems and often overlooks how ideologies of power shape developmental processes. In this article, we situate child development within and in response to the ideological context, which directs the field’s attention away from “fixing” individuals and microsystems and toward disrupting the macro‐ideologies that shape them. We ground this article in research on resistance and accommodation to such ideologies, revealing that humans have a natural capacity to resist what gets in the way of their ability to survive and thrive. We discuss questions that are necessary to address when integrating resistance and accommodation in the study of child development.
Socioeconomic status impacts genetic influences on the longitudinal dynamic relationship between temperament and general cognitive ability in childhood: The Louisville Twin Study
Authors: Finkel Deborah , Davis Deborah W. , Giangrande Evan J. , Womack Sean , Turkheimer Eric , Beam Christopher 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe current analysis investigates genetic and environmental influences on the bidirectional relationships between temperament and general cognitive ability (GCA). Measures of GCA and three temperament factors (persistence, approach, and reactivity) were collected from 486 children ages 4–9 years (80% white, 50% female) from the Louisville Twin Study from 1976 to 1998. The results indicated a bidirectional dynamic model of temperament influencing subsequent GCA and GCA influencing subsequent temperament. The dynamic relationship between temperament and GCA arose primarily from shared genetic variance, particularly in families with higher socioeconomic status, where input from temperament contributed on average 20% to genetic variance in GCA versus 0% in lower SES families.
Young children’s overestimation of performance: A cross‐cultural comparison
Authors: Xia Mengtian , Poorthuis Astrid M. G. , Zhou Qiang , Thomaes Sander 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWestern literature suggests that young children overestimate their performance across a range of tasks. Research in non‐Western cultures, however, is lacking. In 2019, 101 Chinese (52% girls) and 98 Dutch (49% girls) children, ages 4 and 5, were asked to estimate how well they would perform on both a motor and a memory task. Children from both countries overestimated their performance to the same extent ( = .077 and .027 for the motor and memory tasks, respectively). They generally persevered in doing so despite receiving realistic performance feedback. Yet, children overestimated their peers’ performance about as much as their own performance, in some cases even more. This is the first demonstration of performance overestimation in children growing up in a non‐Western culture.
Diagnostic performance of serial serum total tryptase measurement to differentiate positive from negative allergy testing among patients with suspected perioperative hypersensitivity
Authors: Srisuwatchari Witchaya , Tacquard Charles A. , Borushko Anna , Viville Simon , Stenger Rodolphe , Ehrhard Yoann , Malinovsky Jean‐Marc , Mertes Paul‐Michel , Demoly Pascal , Chiriac Anca‐Mirela 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSerum total tryptase has been shown to increase during acute allergic reactions (acute tryptase, TA); however, few studies have investigated the values of TA or a combination of TA and baseline tryptase (TB) to discriminate positive from negative testing in perioperative hypersensitivity reaction (POH) allergy work‐up. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of TA in order to differentiate positive from negative allergy testing suspected POH and analyse the diagnostic performance of serial tryptase levels using several formulas.MethodsAll patients from the University hospital of Montpellier and Strasbourg, France, who presented with suspected POH and underwent complete drug allergy work‐up between March 2011 and December 2019 with available TA and TB were included. Four formulas, including a change in TA > 11 (F1), or >2 + 1.2 × TB (F2), or >3 + TB (F3), or >120%TB (F4), were applied.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐two patients were included, and 131 of them (80.8%) had Grade III or IV reactions. Ninety patients had positive allergy testing. The optimal cut‐off value of TA to distinguish positive from negative allergy testing patients was 9.8 μg/L with an AUC of 0.817 (95% CI: 0.752–0.882, p < .001). The 93% PPV threshold for TA was 33 μg/L (95.8% specificity). Paired tryptase levels according to formulas F2 and F3 yielded the highest Youden index (0.54 and 0.53, respectively).ConclusionThe optimal cut‐off point for TA for distinguishing positive from negative allergy testing suspected POH was 9.8 μg/L. TA value of 33 μg/L was required to achieve >90% PPV.
Clinical impact and immunological alterations in asthmatic patients allergic to grass pollen subjected to high urban pollution in Madrid
Authors: Feo‐Brito Francisco , Alfaya Arias Teresa , Amo‐Salas Mariano , Somoza Álvarez María Luisa , Haroun Díaz Elisa , Mayorga Mayorga Cristobalina , Fernández Santamaría Rubén , Urra Ardanaz José Miguel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of asthma has increased in recent decades. Among the reasons for this increase is environmental pollution. Pollutants cause bronchial inflammation and introduce modifications in the pollen, making it more allergenic.ObjectiveAssess symptoms and medication requirements of asthmatic patients with grass allergies in Madrid (high urban pollution) and Ciudad Real (low pollution), and simultaneously evaluate the in vitro effects that pollen collected in both areas has on the immune cells of patients.MethodsDuring two pollen seasons, patients from both cities were included. The patients recorded their symptoms and the asthma medication they took daily. In both cities, pollen data, pollutants and meteorological variables were evaluated. The response to different cell populations from patients in both areas were analysed after “in vitro” stimulation with pollen from both cities.ResultsThe symptoms and medication use of the patients in Madrid was 29.94% higher. The NO2 concentration in Madrid was triple that of Ciudad Real (33.4 vs. 9.1 µg/m3 of air). All other pollutants had very similar concentrations during the study period. Pollen from the high pollution area caused a significant enhancement of T‐CD8+ and NK cells proliferation compared with pollen of low pollution area, independently of the patient's origin.ConclusionAsthmatic patients from Madrid have a worse clinical evolution than those from Ciudad Real because of higher levels of urban pollution, and this could be driven by the higher capacity of pollen of Madrid to activate T‐CD8+ and NK cells.
Running to save sight: The effects of exercise on retinal health and function
Authors: Chu‐Tan Joshua A. , Kirkby Max , Natoli Riccardo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe benefits of exercise to human health have long been recognised. However, only in the past decade have researchers started to discover the molecular benefits that exercise confers, especially to the central nervous system (CNS). These discoveries include the magnitude of molecular messages that are communicated from skeletal muscle to the CNS. Despite these advances in understanding, very limited studies have been conducted to decipher the molecular benefits of exercise in retinal health and disease. Here, we review the latest work on the effects of exercise on the retina and discuss its effects on the wider CNS, with a focus on demonstrating the potential applicability and comparative molecular mechanisms that may be occurring in the retina. This review covers the key molecular pathways where exercise exerts its effects: oxidative stress and mitochondrial health; inflammation; protein aggregation; neuronal health; and tissue crosstalk via extracellular vesicles. Further research on the benefits of exercise to the retina and its molecular messages within extracellular vesicles is highly topical in this field.
One dose of preoperative, intravenous, prophylactic antibiotics significantly lowers postoperative infection rate in septoplasty—a study of 772 operations
Authors: Lundberg Marie , Lilja Markus , Blomgren Karin , Kotisalmi Ida , Mäkitie Antti A. , Sainio Sara , Hytönen Maija 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesPostoperative infection is the most common complication after septoplasty. Pre‐ or postoperative prophylactic antibiotics are commonly used, although no official guidelines exist.DesignWe retrospectively collected data on postoperative infections from 772 septoplasties performed in 2015, 2016 and 2018, and classified the infections according to surgical site infection (SSI) criteria by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We evaluated the infections according to antibiotic use (preoperative or postoperative, both, or none) and accounted for patient and surgical confounding factors. We compared the results with three previous studies from our department to find out the trend in the occurrence of postoperative infections and in the use of antibiotics.ResultsTwenty‐nine cases (3.8%) fulfilled CDC infection criteria. Any kind of antibiotic prophylaxis reduced the risk of SSI (p = .018). One dose of intravenous cefuroxime before incision was the most effective preventive measure (p = .045). We found no significant effect of postoperative antibiotics. However, postoperative antibiotics lowered the infection rate to 1.8% compared to 6.1% among those not treated with any antibiotics. The only other factor reducing the risk of SSI was local anaesthesia compared with general anaesthesia.ConclusionPreoperative antibiotic prophylaxis effectively reduced postoperative infection rate after septoplasty.
Regular endoscopic surveillance and polypectomy is effective in managing rectal adenoma progression following colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Anele Chukwuemeka C. , Xiang Jinpo , Martin Isabel , Hawkins Menna , Man Ripple , Clark Susan K. , Faiz Omar D. , Latchford Andrew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (TC‐IRA) is a surgical option for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Regular endoscopic surveillance of the rectum is recommended to prevent rectal cancer. We aimed to document polyp progression in the rectum following TC‐IRA and evaluate the role of polypectomy during surveillance.MethodPatients with FAP who underwent TC‐IRA between 1990 and 2017 were identified. Demographic, endoscopic and genetic data were retrieved. Cumulative rectal adenoma (polyp) counts were obtained, whilst accounting for any polypectomies during the study period. The rate of polyp progression and factors influencing secondary proctectomy were evaluated.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐nine patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria, of which 44% were male. The median age at colectomy was 19 (range 11–70) years and median preoperative rectal polyp count was 7 (range 0–50). All patients had an APC pathogenic variant, of which 151 (79%) were 5' of the mutation cluster region (MCR), 19 (10%) in the MCR, six (3%) were 3' of the MCR and 15 (8%) had a gross deletion. After a median follow‐up of 8.6 (range1–27) years and a median of 11 (range 2–37) flexible sigmoidoscopies per patient, the median rate of polyp progression was 5.5 polyps/year (range 0–70.2). There was no evidence of polyp regression. Eight (4%) patients underwent secondary proctectomy for neoplasia, of which one (0.5%) had rectal adenocarcinoma. A total of 13,527 polyps were removed, a median of 35 polyps/patient (range 0–829). The rate of polyp progression was not significantly associated with genotypic or phenotypic factors.ConclusionProgression of rectal adenoma burden following TC‐IRA appears to be slow and dependent on the length of follow‐up. In the modern era of stringent endoscopic surveillance and therapeutic procedures such as cold snare polypectomy, the rate of secondary proctectomy and the risk of rectal cancer after TC‐IRA are very low. These findings are important when counselling patients with regard to the choice of surgery for FAP and implementing endoscopic surveillance.