bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A referral aid for smoking cessation interventions in primary care: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zijlstra Daniëlle N. , Muris Jean W.M. , Bolman Catherine , Elling J. Mathis , Knapen Vera E.R.A. , de Vries Hein 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background:
To expedite the use of evidence-based smoking cessation interventions (EBSCIs) in primary care and to thereby increase the number of successful quit attempts, a referral aid was developed. This aid aims to optimize the referral to and use of EBSCIs in primary care and to increase adherence to Dutch guidelines for smoking cessation.

Methods:
Practice nurses (PNs) will be randomly allocated to an experimental condition or control condition, and will then recruit smoking patients who show a willingness to quit smoking within six months. PNs allocated to the experimental condition will provide smoking cessation guidance in accordance with the referral aid. Patients from both conditions will receive questionnaires at baseline and after six months. Cessation effectiveness will be tested via multilevel logistic regression analyses. Multiple imputations as well as intention to treat analysis will be performed. Intervention appreciation and level of informed decision-making will be compared using analysis of (co)variance. Predictors for appreciation and informed decision-making will be assessed using multiple linear regression analysis and/or structural equation modeling. Finally, a cost-effectiveness study will be conducted.

Discussion:
This paper describes the study design for the development and evaluation of an information and decision tool to support PNs in their guidance of smoking patients and their referral to EBSCIs. The study aims to provide insight into the (cost) effectiveness of an intervention aimed at expediting the use of EBSCIs in primary care.
Transcriptome analysis of aTriticum aestivumlandrace (Roshan) in response to salt stress conditions
Authors: Azimian Jamshid , Hervan Eslam Majidi , Azadi Amin , Bakhtiarizadeh Mohammad Reza , Azizinezhad Reza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn order to better understand the molecular mechanisms associated with salinity tolerance, transcriptome analysis of a local salt-tolerant wheat landrace (i.e. Roshan) was performed under salt stress. Transcriptome sequencing yielded 137,508,542 clean reads using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. The results of two alignment programs, i.e. STAR and HISAT2, were used separately to perform the analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using DESeq2. Finally, a total of 17,897 DEGs were identified by DESeq2. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses identified 108 GO terms and 62 significant KEGG pathways, of which ‘metabolic process’ and ‘metabolic pathways’ were the most abundant enriched term and pathway, respectively. Additionally, key salinity-tolerant genes, including asparagine synthetase, were also identified in the present study. Out of 87 identified families of transcription factors, GAI‐RGA ‐ and ‐SCR (GRAS) was one of the most important, which participates in signal transduction, and meristem maintenance and development. Eventually, to validate the gene expression levels, six DEGs were selected for a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the results were in line with those of RNA-Seq. The findings of the current study can guide future genetic and molecular studies and allow a better understanding and improvement of salt tolerance in wheat.
Low-profile, wideband dual-polarized 1 × 2 MIMO antenna with FSS decoupling technique
Authors: Anudeep B. , Krishnamoorthy K. , Rao P. H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA low-profile, wideband dual-polarized 1 × 2 multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with frequency selective surface (FSS) decoupling technique is presented. Low profile is realized with two different artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) cells out of which one operates at 3.5 GHz and other with dual band at 3.1 and 4.5 GHz. The proposed antenna height is maintained at 0.125λ0 which is significantly reduced when compared with the conventional perfect electric conductor (PEC) ground plane. Wideband dual polarization is enabled by two pairs of bow-tie antenna elements surrounded by a square ring placed in the orthogonal orientation. To mitigate the near-field coupling in 1 × 2 MIMO an FSS wall is constructed with wide band stop characteristics from 2.85 to 4.75 GHz. Measured results show by inserting FSS wall vertically, coupling reduction is improved by 27 dB over the existing coupling and the antenna exhibits a bandwidth of 57.14% (2.95–4.95 GHz) for VSWR<2 with port isolation of more than 25 dB for entire band of operation.
Slab Transport of Fluids to Deep Focus Earthquake Depths—Thermal Modeling Constraints and Evidence From Diamonds
Authors: Shirey Steven B. , Wagner Lara S. , Walter Michael J. , Pearson D. Graham , van Keken Peter E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe nature and cause of deep earthquakes remain enduring unknowns in the field of seismology. We present new models of thermal structures of subducted slabs traced to mantle transition zone depths that permit a detailed comparison between slab pressure/temperature (P/T) paths and hydrated/carbonated mineral phase relations. We find a remarkable correlation between slabs capable of transporting water to transition zone depths in dense hydrous magnesium silicates with slabs that produce seismicity below ∼300‐km depth, primarily between 500 and 700 km. This depth range also coincides with the P/T conditions at which oceanic crustal lithologies in cold slabs are predicted to intersect the carbonate‐bearing basalt solidus to produce carbonatitic melts. Both forms of fluid evolution are well represented by sublithospheric diamonds whose inclusions record the existence of melts, fluids, or supercritical liquids derived from hydrated or carbonate‐bearing slabs at depths (∼300–700 km) generally coincident with deep‐focus earthquakes. We propose that the hydrous and carbonated fluids released from subducted slabs at these depths lead to fluid‐triggered seismicity, fluid migration, diamond precipitation, and inclusion crystallization. Deep focus earthquake hypocenters could track the general region of deep fluid release, migration, and diamond formation in the mantle. The thermal modeling of slabs in the mantle and the correlation between sublithospheric diamonds, deep focus earthquakes, and slabs at depth demonstrate a deep subduction pathway to the mantle transition zone for carbon and volatiles that bypasses shallower decarbonation and dehydration processes.
Migration of Arc Magmatism Above Mantle Wedge Diapirs With Variable Sediment Contribution in the Aegean
Authors: Schaarschmidt A. , Haase K. M. , Voudouris P. C. , Melfos V. , Klemd R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCompiled data show the age progression of magmatic centers along the two approximately linear profiles from NE Greece and NW Turkey to the South Aegean Volcanic Arc. The age progression reveals the southwestward migration of arc magmatic activity from Oligocene to present, perpendicular to the Hellenic Trench. This is in accordance with the migration of the Aegean subduction zone due to the collision of oceanic and continental blocks, trench retreat, mantle flow, and coeval extension. We suggest that the subduction of large volumes of sediments and their contribution to the sub‐arc magma source controlled the composition of calc‐alkaline to high‐K calc‐alkaline and shoshonitic arc magmas during the past 30 Ma. The magma geochemistry and the approximately linear age‐progressive migration of magmatic activity suggest focused ascent of mixed material from the subducted slab into the mantle wedge, most likely in the form of mélange diapirs. Geochemical data along the profile reveals increasing Sr and decreasing Nd isotopes during Upper Miocene in agreement with the ongoing subduction of continental blocks, low subduction rates, and development of an accretionary wedge. The different K‐rich arc magmas reflect the variable subduction of sediments, whereas crustal assimilation often plays a minor role. Magmas with variable 87Sr/86Sr, P/Nd, and Ba/La indicate a variable contribution of clastic, phosphate‐bearing, and barite‐bearing sediments. Low‐degree partial melting in sediment‐dominated mélange diapirs causes the formation of shoshonitic magmas with high Sr and P2O5 contents and high La/Yb in the northern Aegean.
Nonmonotonic Change of the Arctic Ocean Freshwater Storage Capability in a Warming Climate
Authors: Wang Shizhu , Wang Qiang , Shu Qi , Song Zhenya , Lohmann Gerrit , Danilov Sergey , Qiao Fangli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFreshwater in the Arctic Ocean is one of the key climate components. It is not well understood how the capability of the Arctic Ocean to store freshwater will develop when freshwater supplies increase in a warming climate. By using numerical experiments, we find that this capability varies with the Arctic sea ice decline nonmonotonically, with the largest capability at intermediate strength of sea ice decline. Through enhancing the ocean surface stress, sea ice decline not only accumulates freshwater toward the Amerasian Basin but also tends to reduce the amount of freshwater in both the Eurasian and Amerasian basins by increasing the occupation of Atlantic‐origin water in the upper ocean. An increase in river runoff modulates the counterbalance of the two competing effects, leading to the nonmonotonic changes of the Arctic freshwater storage capability in a warming climate.
Winter Limnology: How do Hydrodynamics and Biogeochemistry Shape Ecosystems Under Ice?
Authors: Jansen Joachim , MacIntyre Sally , Barrett David C. , Chin Yu‐Ping , Cortés Alicia , Forrest Alexander L. , Hrycik Allison R. , Martin Rosemary , McMeans Bailey C. , Rautio Milla , Schwefel Robert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ice‐cover period in lakes is increasingly recognized for its distinct combination of physical and biological phenomena and ecological relevance. Knowledge gaps exist where research areas of hydrodynamics, biogeochemistry and biology intersect. For example, density‐driven circulation under ice coincides with an expansion of the anoxic zone, but abiotic and biotic controls on oxygen depletion have not been disentangled, and while heterotrophic microorganisms and migrating phytoplankton often thrive at the oxycline, the extent to which physical processes induce fluxes of heat and substrates that support under‐ice food webs is uncertain. Similarly, increased irradiance in spring can promote growth of motile phytoplankton or, if radiatively driven convection occurs, more nutritious diatoms, but links between functional trait selection, trophic transfer to zooplankton and fish, and the prevalence of microbial versus classical food webs in seasonally ice‐covered lakes remain unclear. Under‐ice processes cascade into and from the ice‐free season, and are relevant to annual cycling of energy and carbon through aquatic food webs. Understanding the coupling between state transitions and the reorganization of trophic hierarchies is essential for predicting complex ecosystem responses to climate change. In this interdisciplinary review we describe existing knowledge of physical processes in lakes in winter and the parallel developments in under‐ice biogeochemistry and ecology. We then illustrate interactions between these processes, identify extant knowledge gaps and present (novel) methods to address outstanding questions.
Gradually Cooling of the Yellow Sea Warm Current Driven by Tropical Pacific Subsurface Water Temperature Changes Over the Past 5 kyr
Authors: Li Da‐Wei , Yu Meng , Jia Yonghao , Steinke Stephan , Li Li , Xiang Rong , Zhao Meixun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe integrated effects of ocean‐atmosphere dynamics on the temperature evolution in the western North Pacific marginal seas have remained elusive. In order to study mechanisms controlling southern Yellow Sea (YS) temperature changes, bottom water temperature (BWT) changes were reconstructed for the last 8.8 kyr by using the TEXL86 index, which archives temperature signal of the winter season Yellow Sea Warm Current. Our results reveal a series of abrupt multi‐centennial to millennial scale BWT changes (∼1°C), superimposed on a gradual long‐term cooling (>3°C) trend starting from ∼5 ka to the present. The YS BWT changes are positively correlated with subsurface water temperature changes in the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP). The Western Pacific Warm Pool subsurface water cooling signal was most likely transmitted by the Kuroshio Current into the southern YS, highlighting the role of WPWP in influencing thermodynamics of the extratropical regions during the Holocene.
Towards integrated photonic interposers for processing octave-spanning microresonator frequency combs
Authors: Rao Ashutosh , Moille Gregory , Lu Xiyuan , Westly Daron A. , Sacchetto Davide , Geiselmann Michael , Zervas Michael , Papp Scott B. , Bowers John , Srinivasan Kartik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicrocombs—optical frequency combs generated in microresonators—have advanced tremendously in the past decade, and are advantageous for applications in frequency metrology, navigation, spectroscopy, telecommunications, and microwave photonics. Crucially, microcombs promise fully integrated miniaturized optical systems with unprecedented reductions in cost, size, weight, and power. However, the use of bulk free-space and fiber-optic components to process microcombs has restricted form factors to the table-top. Taking microcomb-based optical frequency synthesis around 1550 nm as our target application, here, we address this challenge by proposing an integrated photonics interposer architecture to replace discrete components by collecting, routing, and interfacing octave-wide microcomb-based optical signals between photonic chiplets and heterogeneously integrated devices. Experimentally, we confirm the requisite performance of the individual passive elements of the proposed interposer—octave-wide dichroics, multimode interferometers, and tunable ring filters, and implement the octave-spanning spectral filtering of a microcomb, central to the interposer, using silicon nitride photonics. Moreover, we show that the thick silicon nitride needed for bright dissipative Kerr soliton generation can be integrated with the comparatively thin silicon nitride interposer layer through octave-bandwidth adiabatic evanescent coupling, indicating a path towards future system-level consolidation. Finally, we numerically confirm the feasibility of operating the proposed interposer synthesizer as a fully assembled system. Our interposer architecture addresses the immediate need for on-chip microcomb processing to successfully miniaturize microcomb systems and can be readily adapted to other metrology-grade applications based on optical atomic clocks and high-precision navigation and spectroscopy.
Early-life oxytocin attenuates the social deficits induced by caesarean-section delivery in the mouse
Authors: Morais Livia H. , Golubeva Anna V. , Casey Sophie , Scott Karen A. , Ramos Costa Ana Paula , Moloney Gerard M. , Dinan Timothy G. , Cryan John F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe oxytocin (OXT) system has been strongly implicated in the regulation of social behaviour and anxiety, potentially contributing to the aetiology of a wide range of neuropathologies. Birth by Caesarean-section (C-section) results in alterations in microbiota diversity in early-life, alterations in brain development and has recently been associated with long-term social and anxiety-like behaviour deficits. In this study, we assessed whether OXT intervention in the early postnatal period could reverse C-section-mediated effects on behaviour, and physiology in early life and adulthood. Following C-section or per vaginum birth, pups were administered with OXT (0.2 or 2 μg/20 μl; s.c.) or saline daily from postnatal days 1–5. We demonstrate that early postnatal OXT treatment has long-lasting effects reversing many of the effects of C-section on mouse behaviour and physiology. In early-life, high-dose OXT administration attenuated C-section-mediated maternal attachment impairments. In adulthood, low-dose OXT restored social memory deficits, some aspects of anxiety-like behaviour, and improved gastrointestinal transit. Furthermore, as a consequence of OXT intervention in early life, OXT plasma levels were increased in adulthood, and dysregulation of the immune response in C-section animals was attenuated by both doses of OXT treatment. These findings indicate that there is an early developmental window sensitive to manipulations of the OXT system that can prevent lifelong behavioural and physiological impairments associated with mode of birth.
Onset and recurrence of psychiatric disorders associated with anti-hypertensive drug classes
Authors: Colbourne Lucy , Luciano Sierra , Harrison Paul J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe major anti-hypertensive (AHT) drug classes have been associated with differential risks of psychiatric disorders. However, existing data are limited largely to depression, and confounding variables have not always been controlled for. We sought to fill the evidence gap, using TriNetX Analytics, an electronic health records network. Amongst 58.6 million patients aged 18–90 years, patients prescribed a calcium channel blocker (CCB) were compared with those taking a diuretic, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), or β-blocker. Cohorts were propensity score-matched for age, sex, race, and blood pressure. Over a 2-year exposure period, we measured the incidence and risk ratio of a first diagnosis (ICD-10 codes), or a recurrence, of psychotic, affective, and anxiety disorders, as well as substance use disorders and sleep disorders. Cohort sizes ranged from 33,734 to 322,814. CCBs were associated with a lower incidence of psychotic, affective, and anxiety disorders than β-blockers (risk ratios 0.69–0.99) and a higher incidence than ARBs (risk ratios 1.04–2.23) for both first and recurrent diagnoses. Comparisons of CCBs with ACEIs or diuretics showed smaller risk ratios that varied between disorders, and between first episode and recurrence. AHT classes were also associated with the incidence of substance use and sleep disorders. Results remained largely unchanged after more extensive cohort matching for additional potential confounders. In a secondary analysis, a comparison between ARBs and ACEIs showed lower rates of psychotic, affective, and substance use disorders with ARBs, but higher risks of anxiety and sleep disorders. In conclusion, AHT classes are differentially associated with the incidence of psychiatric disorders. ARBs show the most advantageous profile and β-blockers the least. The apparent beneficial effects of ARBs merit further study.
Fatostatin reverses progesterone resistance by inhibiting the SREBP1-NF-κB pathway in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Ma Xiaohong , Zhao Tianyi , Yan Hong , Guo Kui , Liu Zhiming , Wei Lina , Lu Wei , Qiu Chunping , Jiang Jie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProgesterone resistance can significantly restrict the efficacy of conservative treatment for patients with endometrial cancer who wish to preserve their fertility or those who suffer from advanced and recurrent cancer. SREBP1 is known to be involved in the occurrence and progression of endometrial cancer, although the precise mechanism involved remains unclear. In the present study, we carried out microarray analysis in progesterone-sensitive and progesterone-resistant cell lines and demonstrated that SREBP1 is related to progesterone resistance. Furthermore, we verified that SREBP1 is over-expressed in both drug-resistant tissues and cells. Functional studies further demonstrated that the inhibition of SREBP1 restored the sensitivity of endometrial cancer to progesterone both in vitro and in vivo, and that the over-expression of SREBP1 promoted resistance to progesterone. With regards to the mechanism involved, we found that SREBP1 promoted the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells and inhibited their apoptosis by activating the NF-κB pathway. To solve the problem of clinical application, we found that Fatostatin, an inhibitor of SREBP1, could increase the sensitivity of endometrial cancer to progesterone and reverse progesterone resistance by inhibiting SREBP1 both in vitro and in vivo. Our results highlight the important role of SREBP1 in progesterone resistance and suggest that the use of Fatostatin to target SREBP1 may represent a new method to solve progesterone resistance in patients with endometrial cancer.
Roles of tRNA metabolism in aging and lifespan
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Sun Bao , Yu Dongsheng , Bian Meng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTransfer RNAs (tRNAs) mainly function as adapter molecules that decode messenger RNAs (mRNAs) during protein translation by delivering amino acids to the ribosome. Traditionally, tRNAs are considered as housekeepers without additional functions. Nevertheless, it has become apparent from biological research that tRNAs are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Aging is a form of gradual decline in physiological function that ultimately leads to increased vulnerability to multiple chronic diseases and death. Interestingly, tRNA metabolism is closely associated with aging and lifespan. In this review, we summarize the emerging roles of tRNA-associated metabolism, such as tRNA transcription, tRNA molecules, tRNA modifications, tRNA aminoacylation, and tRNA derivatives, in aging and lifespan, aiming to provide new ideas for developing therapeutics and ultimately extending lifespan in humans.
Synthesized soliton crystals
Authors: Lu Zhizhou , Chen Hao-Jing , Wang Weiqiang , Yao Lu , Wang Yang , Yu Yan , Little B. E. , Chu S. T. , Gong Qihuang , Zhao Wei , Yi Xu , Xiao Yun-Feng , Zhang Wenfu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) featuring broadband coherent frequency comb with compact size and low power consumption, provides an unparalleled tool for nonlinear physics investigation and precise measurement applications. However, the complex nonlinear dynamics generally leads to stochastic soliton formation process and makes it highly challenging to manipulate soliton number and temporal distribution in the microcavity. Here, synthesized and reconfigurable soliton crystals (SCs) are demonstrated by constructing a periodic intra-cavity potential field, which allows deterministic SCs synthesis with soliton numbers from 1 to 32 in a monolithic integrated microcavity. The ordered temporal distribution coherently enhanced the soliton crystal comb lines power up to 3 orders of magnitude in comparison to the single-soliton state. The interaction between the traveling potential field and the soliton crystals creates periodic forces on soliton and results in forced soliton oscillation. Our work paves the way to effectively manipulate cavity solitons. The demonstrated synthesized SCs offer reconfigurable temporal and spectral profiles, which provide compelling advantages for practical applications such as photonic radar, satellite communication and radio-frequency filter.