bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between lip skin biophysical and biochemical characteristics with corneocyte unevenness ratio as a new parameter to assess the severity of lip scaling
Authors: Kim Jongwook , Yeo Hyerin , Kim Taeyoon , Jeong Eui‐taek , Lim Jun M. , Park Sun‐Gyoo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveLip skin dryness and chapping are major concerns related to lip skin care in many populations. The distinctive features of lip skin, such as the low water‐holding capacity and weak skin barrier, are strongly associated with these problems; however, few studies have examined lip skin characteristics and the mechanisms underlying these issues. This study was conducted to identify the biophysical properties of dry lip skin and molecular targets affecting lip skin physiology.MethodsSkin hydration, transepidermal water loss and lip skin scaling were evaluated in 40 female subjects. Skin scaling was assessed as a percentage area divided into five categories (G0, G1, G2, G3 and G4) according to the thickness level of tape‐stripped corneocytes. The activities and amounts of proteases, cathepsin D and bleomycin hydrolase were measured as markers for the desquamation process and skin hydration, respectively.ResultsSkin hydration showed a significantly positive correlation with the percentage area of evenly thin corneocytes (G0) and negative correlations with the percentage areas of slightly thick to severely thick corneocytes (G1‐G4). The corneocyte unevenness ratio (CUR) was calculated by dividing the sum of the G1, G2, G3 and G4 values with the G0 value. The CUR was significantly negatively correlated with skin hydration, suggesting that CUR is a new parameter representing the severity of lip scaling. Subjects with lower hydration and higher CUR had higher bleomycin hydrolase activity and lower cathepsin D activity, respectively, than subjects with higher hydration and lower CUR.ConclusionOur study revealed a correlation between lip skin hydration and severity of lip scaling and verified the association of protease activity with the hydration and chapping state of lip skin. These observations provide a basis for further studies of the persistent problem of lip skin dryness and chapping.
Arc erosion characteristics evolution of Ag/Ti3SiC2 composites during repetitive arc breakdowns in SF6 gaseous medium
Authors: Zhou Zijue , Zhao Ting , Feng Yi , Zhao Hao , Qian Gang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo disclose the impact of SF6 gaseous medium on Ag/Ti3SiC2 contact materials, arc discharges on the Ag/Ti3SiC2 cathodes were performed 100 times in SF6 gas at 10 kV. After 1, 50, and 100 times of arc discharges, the morphologies of arc‐eroded surfaces were characterized. The changes in breakdown strength with the number of tests were recorded. After 100 times of arc erosion, the composition of the surface was characterized, and the morphologies and compositions of the cross section were measured. In the process of multiple arc breakdowns, the arc erosion position randomly changes. In the later stage of tests, the breakdown strength of Ag/Ti3SiC2 increased. The protrusion on the arc‐eroded surface is the ignition point for the arc, the down of protrusion height and the smooth of protrusion tip were observed after multiple arc discharges, which may result in the increase in breakdown strength. After multiple arc erosion tests, Ag2S was detected on the surface by XPS, and part of silicon elements were dissociated outward from Ti3SiC2. The composition change is inferred to be one of the reasons for the rise of breakdown strength.
Skin manifestations in COVID‐19 patients, state of the art. A systematic review
Authors: Perna Andrea , Passiatore Marco , Massaro Antonio , Terrinoni Alessandro , Bianchi Luca , Cilli Vitale , D’Orio Marco , Proietti Luca , Taccardo Giuseppe , De Vitis Rocco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionSince COVID‐19 has become a pandemic, extensive literature has been produced. The commonest symptoms of COVID‐19 disease are fever, cough, anosmia, and lymphocytopenia. However, other apparently less common clinical symptoms have been described, including skin lesions. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate skin involvement in COVID‐19.MethodsThe authors performed a systematic review of literature, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA). The search was reiterated until May 06, 2020.ResultsOverall, 1593 patients (M/F ratio: 1 : 9) with suspect of COVID‐19 were examined. The mean age was 37.8 (range 0–91) years. Among the analyzed patients, 84 (5.3%) were pediatrics (<18 years). Chilblains are very common among skin lesions and represent almost half of all skin lesions reported (46%); in 75% of patients with cutaneous manifestation, the latter presented before other typical clinical manifestation of COVID‐19. Vasculitis or thrombosis was identified in almost 70% of patients who suffered from skin manifestations.ConclusionThe present study highlights the importance of skin involvement in COVID‐19. Limbs should be examined to eventually foresee the onset of further typical symptoms. Chilblains can be considered typical features. Studies with higher scientific evidence are required.
Impact of chemical profile on sensory evaluation of tropical red wines
Authors: Veríssimo Caio Monteiro , Alcântara Rafael Lopes , Lima Luciana Leite de Andrade , Pereira Giuliano Elias , Maciel Maria Inês Sucupira 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThis study evaluated the correlation between the chemical composition of red wines and the sensory perception of the products. The visual, gustatory and flavour attributes of eight samples of tropical red wines were characterised by semi‐trained panellists using the check‐all‐that‐apply methodology. Titratable and volatile acidity, pH, contents of ethanol, total polyphenols and anthocyanins, and the chromatic parameters of the red wine samples were determined. The analysis of the correlations between visual attributes and sensory perception indicated that the evaluation of the wine colour attributes can predict other sensory characteristics related to aromas and flavours. This enabled the wine tasters to distinguish subtle variations in the visual attributes of the product. The results of this study indicated that panellists who underwent short‐term training can sensorially perceive the influence of physicochemical variables on wine quality. Additionally, the correlation analysis enabled the identification of production adjustments and the understanding of the consumer perception of a complex product.
Bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and sensory properties of Tarhana, a traditional fermented food, enriched with pickling herb (Echinophora tenuifolia L.)
Authors: Ghafoor Kashif , Al‐Juhaimi Fahad , Özcan Mehmet Musa , Babiker Elfadıl E. , Ahmed Isam A. Mohamed , Alsawmahi Omer N. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe addition of pickling herb (Echinophora tenuifolia L.; PHET) resulted in increase in the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in Tarhana in both free and bound fractions' extracts. The antioxidant activity of Tarhana containing 2%, 6% and 18% PHET was 81.45–81.72% in bound fraction whereas in free fraction it was up to 88.27% (6% PHET). The gallic acid contents of Tarhana with PHET in free fraction were between 0.49 mg L−1 (10%) and 2.75% (14%) and that in bound fraction varied between 0.36 mg L−1 (10%) and 3.61 mg L−1 (18%). Statistically significant differences (with control) were observed among the contents of individual phenolic compounds in free and bound fractions of Tarhana depending on PHET concentrations. The addition of higher PHET contents in Tarhana showed negative effects hence, a low concentration (2%) of PHET is recommendable for Tarhana with enhanced nutritional properties.
Pneumatic tube transport of blood samples affects global hemostasis and platelet function assays
Authors: Lorenzen Henriette , Frøstrup Ann‐Britt , Larsen Anja S. , Fenger Michelle S. , Dahdouh Sanne , Zoel‐Ghina Randa , Nielsen Leif K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionPneumatic tube systems (PTS) are frequently used for rapid and cost‐effective transportation of blood samples to the clinical laboratory. The impact of PTS transport on platelet function measured by the Multiplate system and global hemostasis measured by the TEG 5000 was evaluated.MethodsPaired samples from healthy adult individuals were obtained at two study sites: Rigshospitalet (RH) and Nordsjællands Hospital (NOH). One sample was transported by PTS and one manually (non‐PTS). Platelet function was assessed by platelet aggregation (Multiplate) and global hemostasis was assessed by a variety of thrombelastography (TEG) assays. Multiplate (n = 39) and TEG (n = 32) analysis was performed at site RH, and Multiplate (n = 28) analysis was performed at site NOH.ResultsA significant higher agonist‐induced platelet aggregation was found for PTS samples compared to manual transport at site NOH (P < .02, all agonists). No significant difference was found at site RH (P > .05, all agonists).For Kaolin TEG, samples transported by PTS showed a significant lower R‐time and higher Angle (P < .001). No significant differences in MA and LY30 was found (P > .05). ACT of RapidTEG was significantly reduced (P = .001) and MA of Functional Fibrinogen TEG was significantly increased (P < .001) after PTS transport. No significant impact of PTS was observed for TEG assays with heparinase (P > .05).ConclusionsDepending on the type of PTS, transportation by PTS affected platelet aggregation measured by Multiplate. Furthermore, PTS alters TEG parameters possibly reflecting coagulation factors. Clinical laboratories should evaluate the effect of the local PTS on Multiplate and TEG results.
Exploring the relationship between appetitive behaviours, executive function, and weight status among preschool children
Authors: Rhee Kyung E. , Manzano Michael , Goffin Stanny , Strong David , Boutelle Kerri N. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryObjectiveThe goal was to conduct exploratory analysis to determine if executive functions (EFs) and food responsiveness/satiety responsiveness (appetitive behaviours that describe one's tendency to eat in the presence of food or food cues) interact to influence weight status among preschool children participating in a trial promoting self‐regulation around energy‐dense foods.MethodsAt baseline, parents completed the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function‐Preschool and the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Children completed anthropometric measurements at the preschool. Spearman's correlation, linear regression, and tests of interaction were conducted. The relationship between weight status and EFs among those who were high vs low in food responsiveness and satiety responsiveness was examined.ResultsChildren (n = 92) had a mean age of 5.1 years and body mass index (BMI) percentile of 57.6; half (54%) were male. There were significant correlations between food responsiveness and several EFs (emotional control, inhibitory control, working memory, and plan/organize). In the stratified analysis, children with high food responsiveness or low satiety responsiveness had higher BMI percentiles as emotional control skills worsened. BMI percentiles were not elevated among children with low food responsiveness and poor emotional control.ConclusionThese results suggest that EFs may be more relevant to weight status if preschool children had high levels of food responsiveness or low levels of satiety responsiveness (ie, increased tendency to be influenced by environmental food cues). This analysis should be replicated with direct measures of executive function and appetitive behaviours in larger samples of young children to examine longitudinal impact on weight status.
CD5 levels reveal distinct basal T‐cell receptor signals in T cells from non‐obese diabetic mice
Authors: Dong Mengqi , Audiger Cindy , Adegoke Adeolu , Lebel Marie‐Ève , Valbon Stefanie F , Anderson Colin C , Melichar Heather J , Lesage Sylvie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractType 1 diabetes in non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice occurs when autoreactive T cells eliminate insulin producing pancreatic β cells. While extensively studied in T‐cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice, the contribution of alterations in thymic selection to the polyclonal T‐cell pool in NOD mice is not yet resolved. The magnitude of signals downstream of TCR engagement with self‐peptide directs the development of a functional T‐cell pool, in part by ensuring tolerance to self. TCR interactions with self‐peptide are also necessary for T‐cell homeostasis in the peripheral lymphoid organs. To identify differences in TCR signal strength that accompany thymic selection and peripheral T‐cell maintenance, we compared CD5 levels, a marker of basal TCR signal strength, on immature and mature T cells from autoimmune diabetes‐prone NOD and ‐resistant B6 mice. The data suggest that there is no preferential selection of NOD thymocytes that perceive stronger TCR signals from self‐peptide engagement. Instead, NOD mice have an MHC‐dependent increase in CD4+ thymocytes and mature T cells that express lower levels of CD5. In contrast, T cell‐intrinsic mechanisms lead to higher levels of CD5 on peripheral CD8+ T cells from NOD relative to B6 mice, suggesting that peripheral CD8+ T cells with higher basal TCR signals may have survival advantages in NOD mice. These differences in the T‐cell pool in NOD mice may contribute to the development or progression of autoimmune diabetes.
Social identity change as an integration strategy of international students in China
Authors: Raja Rameez , Zhou Wei , Li Xi Yuan , Ullah Asad , Ma Jianfu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the role of social identities in the context of international students’ transition to China. Sojourners usually confront perceived threats, including adjustment to life‐changes in a new society. The transition has a general capacity to disrupt the patterned behaviour of individuals that undermine their health and well‐being. Previous studies informed by the Social Identity Model of Identity Change demonstrate that group membership and associated social identities can buffer the adverse effects of transition. However, China's story concerning international students’ social identity change is not yet researched. To address this issue, in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with sixty‐three international students. The results revealed that being disconnected from old social networks due to internet restriction leads to potential identity threats during early transition. However, new group memberships with co‐national and multinational peers, communication technologies and host‐culture adaptation enhanced sojourners’ well‐being and help to adapt to life‐changes in Chinese society.
On some extended mixed integer optimization models of the Eisenberg–Noe model in systemic risk management
Authors: Dong Zhi‐Long , Peng Jiming , Xu Fengmin , Dai Yu‐Hong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Eisenberg and Noe (EN) model has been widely adopted in the systemic risk management for financial networks. In this paper, we propose a unified EN (U‐EN) model, which incorporates both liquidation and bankruptcy costs. We show that the U‐EN model is polynomial‐time solvable and develop an efficient greedy algorithm to solve it. Then we consider identifying the optimal bailout strategy based on stress testing background and propose a binary EN model with bailout budget constraint (B‐EN‐B). The B‐EN‐B model is shown to be NP‐hard. We present analysis on the parameter selection and design some preprocessing procedures correspondingly. A sequential coefficient strengthening algorithm is designed to solve the B‐EN‐B model. Global convergence of the algorithm is established. Moreover, we show that the systemic risk level obtained from the B‐EN‐B model can be used as a precaution for the social planner. Experiments based on both simulated data and data from the Chinese listed banks' network are reported to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Modeling the nanoindentation response of silicate glasses by peridynamic simulations
Authors: Cao Yuzhe , Kazembeyki Maryam , Tang Longwen , Krishnan N. M. Anoop , Smedskjaer Morten M. , Hoover Christian G. , Bauchy Mathieu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNanoindentation is a widely used method to probe the mechanical properties of glasses. However, interpreting glasses’ response to nanoindentation can be challenging due to the complex nature of the stress field under the indenter tip and the lack of in situ characterization techniques. Here, we present a numerical model describing the nanoindentation of an archetypical soda‐lime silicate window glass by means of peridynamic simulations. We show that, although it does not capture shear flow and permanent densification, peridynamics exhibits a good agreement with experimental nanoindentation data and offers a direct access to the stress field forming under the indenter tip.
Effect of sintering temperature on the depolarization behavior of (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3‐based ceramics
Authors: Peng Ping , Nie Hengchang , Zheng Chan , Wang Genshui , Dong Xianlin , Yang Chunrong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT)‐based ferroelectric ceramics have drawn extensive attention because of their excellent electrical properties and interesting depolarization behavior. However, the poor thermal stability of electrical properties limits their practical application. In this work, the effect of sintering temperature (Ts) on the depolarization behavior of BNT‐based ceramics was systematically investigated. It is found that the depolarization temperature Td determined from pyroelectric measurement tends to decrease with increasing Ts, which indicates that lower Ts defers the ferroelectric‐relaxor (FE‐RE) phase transition. However, for the samples sintered at higher Ts (such as 1180°C), although the Td is reduced, the thermal stability is better compared with the sample sintered at lower Ts (1100°C) because the diffuse behavior of the FE‐RE phase transition is suppressed. According to these results, we propose that the thermal stability of electrical properties for BNT‐based ceramics is not only related to high Td, but also to the diffuse degree of phase transition.
Preparation and high‐temperature oxidation resistance of multilayer MoSi2/MoB coating by spent MoSi2‐based materials
Authors: Zhu Lu , Wang Xiaohong , Ren Xuanru , Kang Xueqin , Akhtar Farid , Feng Peizhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSpent MoSi2 and MoB were used as raw materials to prepare multilayer MoSi2/MoB coating on molybdenum by the two‐step method of slurry deposition and spark plasma sintering. The results showed dense MoSi2/MoB coating after sintering while penetrated cracks appeared in MoSi2 coating due to coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the Mo substrate and coating. After the sintering of MoSi2/MoB coatings, MoB and Mo2B diffusion layers were formed between MoB transition layer and Mo substrate without defects, exhibiting good metallurgical bonding. The high‐temperature oxidation behavior of coatings (1500°C) was also explored. After oxidation of 50 h at 1500°C, lowest mass gain (0.035 mg/cm2) was obtained for MoSi2/MoB coating, and the oxide scale was dense and complete without voids, making the oxygen diffusion at elevated temperature inhibited. Compared with MoSi2 coating under the same oxidation conditions, relatively thinner silica oxide scale was acquired by MoSi2/MoB coating because of the reduction of cracks, and the multilayer coating exhibits better anti‐oxidation properties at high temperature.
Circulating intermediate monocytes and atrial structural remodeling associated with atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation
Authors: Suehiro Hideya , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Fukuzawa Koji , Yoshida Naofumi , Takami Mitsuru , Watanabe Yoshiaki , Izawa Yu , Akita Tomomi , Takemoto Makoto , Sakai Jun , Nakamura Toshihiro , Yatomi Atsusuke , Takahara Hiroyuki , Sonoda Yusuke , Nakasone Kazutaka , Yamamoto Kyoko , Yamashita Tomoya , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundInflammation, such as that associated with intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocytes and atrial structural remodeling (SRM), may be important in the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter ablation. However, the relationship between the intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocytes, SRM, and AF recurrence is unclear.MethodsTwenty‐four patients with AF were enrolled. The proportion of intermediate monocytes (PIM) was assessed before ablation by flow cytometry. As a surrogate marker of SRM, the volume ratio (VR) of signal intensity greater than 1 standard deviation on late‐gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE‐MRI) was calculated. We investigated whether PIM correlated with SRM on LGE‐MRI and determined the optimal cutoff value for predicting AF recurrence.ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed positive correlations between PIM and BNP with SRM (PIM: r = .593, p = .002; BNP: r = .567, p = .004). Multivariable analysis revealed that PIM was independently associated with VR on LGE‐MRI (β = .522; p = .033). The finding of an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.750 revealed that a VR ≥ 13.3% on LGE‐MRI as the optimal cutoff value to predict AF recurrence with 80% sensitivity and 71% specificity, which was associated with PIM ≥ 10.0%.ConclusionIntermediate monocytes were significantly positively correlated with SRM. PIM ≥ 10% was associated with a VR ≥ 13.3% on LGE‐MRI, which predicted AF recurrence after catheter ablation.
Utility of blood pressure measurements at an initial screening visit to identify Chinese children and adolescents with hypertension
Authors: Duan Yao , Sun Jiahong , Zhao Min , Magnussen Costan G. , Xi Bo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe performance of different BP readings and their combinations at a visit to identify children and adolescents with pediatric hypertension remains controversial. We aimed to assess the utility of different blood pressure (BP) readings and their combinations obtained at the initial screening visit for identifying Chinese children and adolescents with hypertension. Participants were 7831 children and adolescents aged 6‐17 years measured as part of a cross‐sectional survey conducted in Jinan, China between September 2012 and November 2014. BP was measured three times at up to three visits. Elevated BP at the initial visit was defined as systolic BP and/or diastolic BP ≥ age‐ and sex‐specific 95th percentiles using the Chinese BP references for children and adolescents based on different BP readings and their combinations. Participants with elevated BP using (BP2+BP3)/2 across three visits were defined as having hypertension. Of the different readings or combinations examined, the mean of the last two readings at the initial visit had the best predictive utility for children and adolescents with hypertension (sensitivity: 100.0%; specificity: 86.9%; positive predictive value: 27.6%; negative predictive value: 100.0%). This was also reflected in the area under the curve being highest for the mean of the last two readings (0.93, 95% confidence interval: 0.93‐0.94) compared with any of the other readings or combinations (BP1, BP2, BP3, [BP1+BP2]/2, [BP1+BP3]/2, and [BP1+BP2+BP3]/3; all p < .001). Taking three measurements of BP and using the average of the last two readings at a screening visit may be optimal for the identification of hypertension in youth.