bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the Rheological Properties of Liquids Under Conditions of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Using Simulations and Machine Learning
Authors: Kadupitiya J. C. S. , Jadhao Vikram 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), the lubricant experiences pressures in excess of 500 MPa and strain rates larger than $$10^5$$

10
5

$$\text{s}^{-1}$$

s

-
1

. The high pressures lead to a dramatic rise in the Newtonian viscosity and the high rates lead to large shear stresses and pronounced shear thinning. The extraction of accurate rheological properties using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations (NEMD) has played a key role in improving our understanding of lubricant flow in EHL conditions. However, the high dimensionality of the output data generated by NEMD simulations often makes a deeper interrogation of the link between molecular-scale features and rheological properties challenging. In this paper, we explore the use of machine learning to analyze and visualize the high-dimensional output data generated in typical NEMD simulations. We show that dimension reduction of NEMD simulation data describing the shear flow of squalane enables a clear visualization of the transition from Newtonian to non-Newtonian shear thinning with increasing shear rate and provides a reliable assessment of the correlation between shear thinning and the evolution in molecular alignment. The end-to-end atom pairs dominate the largest variations in pair orientation tensor components for low-pressure systems (0.1, 100 MPa) and provide the clearest separation of the orientation tensors with rate. On the other hand, the side atom pairs dominate the largest variation in the tensor components for the high-pressure systems ($$P\ge 400$$

P
≥
400

MPa) which exhibit an overall limited evolution in orientation tensors as a function of rate. Dimension reduction using all the six components of the orientation tensors of all 435 pairs associated with a squalane molecule shows that the decrease in viscosity with rate for low pressures is strongly correlated with changes in molecular alignment. However, for high pressures, shear thinning occurs at saturated orientational order.
Co-occurrences of tropical trees in eastern South America: disentangling abiotic and biotic forces
Authors: Marjakangas Emma-Liina , Ovaskainen Otso , Abrego Nerea , Grøtan Vidar , de Oliveira Alexandre A. , Prado Paulo I. , de Lima Renato A. F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSpecies co-occurrences in local communities can arise independent or dependent on species’ niches. However, the role of niche-dependent processes has not been thoroughly deciphered when generalized to biogeographical scales, probably due to combined shortcomings of data and methodology. Here, we explored the influence of environmental filtering and limiting similarity, as well as biogeographical processes that relate to the assembly of species’ communities and co-occurrences. We modelled jointly the occurrences and co-occurrences of 1016 tropical tree species with abundance data from inventories of 574 localities in eastern South America. We estimated species co-occurrences as raw and residual associations with models that excluded and included the environmental effects on the species’ co-occurrences, respectively. Raw associations indicate co-occurrence of species, whereas residual associations indicate co-occurrence of species after accounting for shared responses to environment. Generally, the influence of environmental filtering exceeded that of limiting similarity in shaping species’ co-occurrences. The number of raw associations was generally higher than that of the residual associations due to the shared responses of tree species to the environmental covariates. Contrary to what was expected from assuming limiting similarity, phylogenetic relatedness or functional similarity did not limit tree co-occurrences. The proportions of positive and negative residual associations varied greatly across the study area, and we found a significant tendency of some biogeographical regions having higher proportions of negative associations between them, suggesting that large-scale biogeographical processes limit the establishment of trees and consequently their co-occurrences.
Vascular procedures in patients with left ventricular assist devices: single-center experience
Authors: Rustum Saad , Neuser Julia , Schmitto Jan Dieter , Aper Thomas , Hanke Jasmin Sarah , Haverich Axel , Wilhelmi Mathias 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
A growing number of patients suffering from heart failure is living with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and is in the need for non-cardiac surgery. Vascular procedures due to ischemia, bleeding, or other device-related complications may be required and pose a challenge to the caregivers in terms of monitoring and management of these patients. Therefore, we reviewed our experience with LVAD patients undergoing vascular surgery.

Methods
From January 2010 until March 2017, a total of 54 vascular procedures were performed on 41 LVAD patients at our institution. Patient records were reviewed retrospectively in terms of incidence of LVAD-related complications, including thrombosis, stroke, bleeding, wound healing, and survival associated with vascular surgery. The type of surgery was recorded, as well as various clinical demographic variables.

Results
Vascular procedures were performed in 35 men (85.4%) and 6 women (14.6%) with LVADs. There were no perioperative strokes, device thromboses, or device malfunctions. Thirty-day mortality overall was 26.8% (eleven patients), with most patients dying within 30 days after LVAD implantation due to multi-organ failure. In 25 procedures (46.3%), a blood transfusion was necessary.

Conclusion
Patients on LVAD support are a complex cohort with a high risk for perioperative complications. In a setting where device function and anticoagulation are monitored closely, vascular surgery in these patients is feasible with an acceptable perioperative risk.
The moral life of econometric equations: Factoring class inequality into school quality valuations in Chile
Authors: Chouhy Gabriel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent sociological scholarship on market design is ill-equipped to understand the normative and political aspects of experts’ practices in connection to political conflicts over the commodification of social rights. I develop an original approach to the politicized use of market devices to address collective concerns in a noneconomic policy field: education. When designing a high-stakes school accountability system, policymakers in Chile confronted a moral conundrum: should schools be valued according to their students’ absolute proficiency, or according to the school’s relative effectiveness? Progressive and conservative experts in charge of settling this dilemma pushed for using the statistical model (OLS vs. HLM) that yielded rankings that fit their moral preferences. Through qualitative analyses of experts’ real-world application of quantitative methods, as well as experts’ interpretations of these methods’ performative consequences, I mobilize the much-debated concept of “moral background” to unravel the conditions for subsuming ideological dissent into consensual forms of decision-making.
Loss of 15-lipoxygenase disrupts Treg differentiation altering their pro-resolving functions
Authors: Marques Raquel M. , Gonzalez-Nunez Maria , Walker Mary E. , Gomez Esteban A. , Colas Romain A. , Montero-Melendez Trinidad , Perretti Mauro , Dalli Jesmond 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRegulatory T-cells (Tregs) are central in the maintenance of homeostasis and resolution of inflammation. However, the mechanisms that govern their differentiation and function are not completely understood. Herein, we demonstrate a central role for the lipid mediator biosynthetic enzyme 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) in regulating key aspects of Treg biology. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of ALOX15 in Tregs decreased FOXP3 expression, altered Treg transcriptional profile and shifted their metabolism. This was linked with an impaired ability of Alox15-deficient cells to exert their pro-resolving actions, including a decrease in their ability to upregulate macrophage efferocytosis and a downregulation of interferon gamma expression in Th1 cells. Incubation of Tregs with the ALOX15-derived specilized pro-resolving mediators (SPM)s Resolvin (Rv)D3 and RvD5n-3 DPA rescued FOXP3 expression in cells where ALOX15 activity was inhibited. In vivo, deletion of Alox15 led to increased vascular lipid load and expansion of Th1 cells in mice fed western diet, a phenomenon that was reversed when Alox15-deficient mice were reconstituted with wild type Tregs. Taken together these findings demonstrate a central role of pro-resolving lipid mediators in governing the differentiation of naive T-cells to Tregs.
SEC61G promotes breast cancer development and metastasis via modulating glycolysis and is transcriptionally regulated by E2F1
Authors: Ma Jingjing , He Zhixian , Zhang Hongwei , zhang Wensheng , Gao Sheng , Ni Xiaojian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer in women and its incidence rates are rapidly increasing in China. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer tumorigenesis enables the development of novel therapeutic strategies. SEC61G is a subunit of the endoplasmic reticulum translocon that plays critical roles in various tumors. We aimed to investigate the expression and function of SEC61G in breast cancer. By analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas breast cancer cohort, we found that SEC61G was highly expressed in breast cancer and predicted poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. Overexpression of SEC61G and its prognostic role was also confirmed in the Nanjing Medical University (NMU) breast cancer cohort. Functionally, we demonstrated that knockdown of SEC61G suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted breast cancer cell apoptosis in vitro. Xenograft breast tumor model revealed that knockdown of SEC61G inhibited breast tumor development in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SEC61G positively regulated glycolysis in breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, we showed that transcription factor E2F1 directly bound to the promoter of SEC61G and regulated its expression in breast cancer cells. SEC61G overexpression antagonized the effect of E2F1 knockdown in regulating breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. Finally, we demonstrated that the E2F1/SEC61G axis regulated glycolysis and chemo-sensitivity of Herceptin in breast cancer cells. Taken together, these results of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that SEC61G promotes breast cancer development and metastasis via modulating glycolysis and is transcriptionally regulated by E2F1, which might be utilized as a promising therapeutic target of breast cancer treatment.
Cell-based assay for ciliopathy patients to improve accurate diagnosis using ALPACA
Authors: Doornbos Cenna , van Beek Ronald , Bongers Ernie M. H. F. , Lugtenberg Dorien , Klaren Peter. H. M. , Vissers Lisenka E. L. M. , Roepman Ronald , Oud Machteld M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSkeletal ciliopathies are a group of disorders caused by dysfunction of the cilium, a small signaling organelle present on nearly every vertebrate cell. This group of disorders is marked by genetic and clinical heterogeneity, which complicates accurate diagnosis. In this study, we developed a robust, standardized immunofluorescence approach to accurately diagnose a subset of these disorders. Hereto we determined and compared the cilium phenotype of healthy individuals to patients from three different ciliopathy subgroups, using skin-derived fibroblasts. The cilium phenotype assay consists of three parameters; (1) ciliogenesis, based on the presence or absence of cilium markers, (2) cilium length, measured by the combined signal of an axonemal and a cilium membrane marker, and (3) retrograde intraflagellar transport (IFT), quantified by the area of the ciliary tip. Analysis of the cilium phenotypic data yielded comparable and reproducible results and in addition, displayed identifiable clusters for healthy individuals and two ciliopathy subgroups, i.e. ATD and CED. Our results illustrate that standardized analysis of the cilium phenotype can be used to discriminate between ciliopathy subgroups. Therefore, we believe that standardization of functional assays analyzing cilium phenotypic data can provide additional proof for conclusive diagnosis of ciliopathies, which is essential for routine diagnostic care.
Translational shutdown and evasion of the innate immune response by SARS-CoV-2 NSP14 protein
Authors: Hsu Jack Chun-Chieh , Laurent-Rolle Maudry , Pawlak Joanna B. , Wilen Craig B. , Cresswell Peter 
Published: May 2021

Significance
To establish infection, pathogenic viruses have to overcome the type I interferon (IFN-I) antiviral response. A previous study demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 NSP14 is able to inhibit IFN-I responses. In this study, we report that SARS-CoV-2 NSP14 is a virus-encoded translation inhibitory factor which shuts down host protein synthesis, including synthesis of antiviral proteins. Our finding reveals a mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 evades host antiviral responses. A comprehensive understanding of the strategies employed by SARS-CoV-2 to subvert host immune responses is critical for the design of next-generation antivirals and to prepare for future emerging viral pathogens.
Smoking Cessation in Tuberculosis Patients and the Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Child Household Contacts
Authors: Chu Alexander L , Lecca Leonid W , Calderón Roger I , Contreras Carmen C , Yataco Rosa M , Zhang Zibiao , Becerra Mercedes C , Murray Megan B , Huang Chuan-Chin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
While previous studies have shown that cigarette smoking increases the infectiousness of tuberculosis patients, the impact of smoking cessation on tuberculosis transmissibility has not been evaluated.

Methods
Between 2009 and 2012, we enrolled 4500 tuberculosis patients and followed 14 044 household contacts in Lima, Peru. Tuberculosis patients were classified into 4 categories: never smoked, quit in the distant past (stopped smoking &gt;2 months prior to time of diagnosis), recently quit (stopped smoking ≤2 months prior to time of diagnosis), and active smokers. We used a modified Poisson generalized estimating equation to assess the risk of tuberculosis infection of child contacts at enrollment and by 6 months of follow-up.

Results
In total, 1371 (76.8%) child contacts were exposed to patients who had never smoked, 211 (11.8%) were exposed to distant quitters, 155 (8.7%) were exposed to recent quitters, and 49 (2.7%) were exposed to active smokers. Compared with child contacts of index patients who had never smoked, child contacts of recent quitters had a similar risk of tuberculosis infection at enrollment (adjusted risk ratio, 95% confidence intervals [0.81, 0.50–1.32]) and by six months of follow-up (0.76, 0.51–1.13); and by 6 months of follow-up (aRR, 0.76; 95% CI, .51–1.13); child contacts of recent quitters had a significantly reduced risk of tuberculosis infection compared with contacts of active smokers (enrollment 0.45, 0.24–0.87; 6-month follow-up 0.48, 0.29–0.79).

Conclusions
Our results show that the adverse effects of smoking on the transmissibility of tuberculosis are significantly reduced shortly after quitting smoking, reinforcing the importance of smoking cessation interventions in tuberculosis control.
DOP11 Fibrosis and MAGNIFI-CD activity-index at MRI to predict treatment outcome in perianal fistulising Crohn’s Disease patients
Authors: Van Rijn K , Meima-van Praag E , Bossuyt P , D’Haens G , Horsthuis K , Snijder H , Tielbeek J , Buskens C , Stoker J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate degree of fibrosis and disease activity using the MAGNIFI-CD index at MRI as predictors of long-term clinical perianal fistula closure in Crohn’s patients who had anti-TNF therapy and/or surgical closure.

Methods
Perianal Crohn’s patients who had anti-TNF and/or surgery between 2013 and 2020 with a post-treatment MRI and long-term clinical follow-up data were retrospectively included. Two radiologists scored the degree of fibrosis and items of the MAGNIFI-CD index at the post-treatment MRI. Long-term clinical closure was assessed 12 months after the post-treatment MRI and was defined as no production on palpation and/or closed external openings and absence of re-interventions. The accuracy of findings at MRI in predicting long-term clinical closure was evaluated in terms of a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. An area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated.

Results
Forty-nine patients were included; 31 female, median age 33 years (IQR 26–46). Post-treatment MRI was performed at a median of 7 months (IQR 4–14) after treatment. At long-term clinical follow-up, 25 patients showed fistula closure and 24 did not. Fourteen patients showed a 100% fibrotic fistula at post-treatment MRI of which all had a closed fistula at long-term clinical follow-up (Figure 1). ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.81–0.99) for degree of fibrosis in predicting long-term clinical closure. The median MAGNIFI-CD index at post-treatment MRI was 0 (IQR 0–5) in patients with long-term clinical closure and 16 (IQR 10–20) in patients without (Figure 2). ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.89–1.00) for the MAGNIFI-CD index in predicting long-term clinical closure.

Abstract DOP11 – Figure 1: Degree of fibrosis at the post-treatment MRI in relation to long-term clinical closure.

Abstract DOP11 – Figure 2: MAGNIFI-CD index at the post-treatment MRI in relation to long-term clinical closure.

Conclusion
Degree of fibrosis and MAGNIFI-CD index at post-treatment MRI are accurate in predicting long-term clinical closure of perianal fistulas in Crohn’s patients and can be valuable parameters for radiological follow-up. A completely fibrotic tract at MRI seems a robust indicator for long-term fistula closure.
N06 Patient perspectives on the role of the IBD nurse and telemedicine during COVID-19 pandemic: results from a Belgian tertiary IBD unit
Authors: Dewitte G , Geldof J , Truyens M , Lobaton T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Many inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients experienced additional stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerns for COVID-19 disease increased the risk of immunomodulatory or biologic treatment discontinuation. Furthermore, lockdown threatened the continuity of chronic care delivery. To guarantee the continuity of care our IBD unit rapidly adapted and developed new ways of remote communication. This included telephonic clinics and telephonic pre-admission screening before every appointment at the dayclinic. In this process the IBD nurse played a pivotal role.
The aim was to assess patients’ concerns during the first COVID-19 wave and their acceptance of telemedicine.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed using an anonymous electronic questionnaire (REDCap®) to assess IBD patients’ satisfaction regarding care delivery at the IBD unit of the Ghent University Hospital during the first COVID-19 wave.

Results
A total of 274 patients participated. Mean age was 47.5 years (SD ± 15.4). According to patients’ answers, 57.2% had Crohn’s disease, 34.5% ulcerative colitis and 8.3% reported ‘other’.
During the first wave, 43.6% of patients contacted their IBD nurse; usually questions regarding medication (20.6%), appointments (18.4%) or SARS-CoV2 infection risk (6%). For the majority of patients (96.5%) these contacts were sufficient.
In person follow-up consultation was scheduled for 178 patients. From those, 31 considered cancelling their consultation due to the pandemic and 18 effectively cancelled (Fig 1).

Half of the population (51.6%) received intravenous therapy at the day clinic. Telephonic pre-admission screening the day before was done for all patients and well received in most of them (98.5%).
During the first wave, endoscopy was planned in 31.5% of the responding patients. A minority (11.1%) postponed or cancelled endoscopic appointments. From those, 55.6% reported that the main reason was fear of the coronavirus.
Ninety-four (39.2%) of responders had a telephonic consultation during the first wave. Different aspects regarding satisfaction and acceptance of telemedicine were also assessed (Fig 2–3).

For further follow-up, 60.2% preferred balanced combination of telephonic and face-to-face consultations.

Conclusion
Remote ways of care delivery were generally well received during the first wave of the pandemic. Only a minority of patients cancelled appointments without discussion with the medical team. The most frequent patient concerns were about medications and appointments. The challenges in continuity of care during the pandemic created a window for new ways of care delivery in the future.
OP35 Effect of maintenance ustekinumab on corticosteroid-free endoscopic and clinical outcomes in patients with Crohn’s Disease - Week 48 analysis of the STARDUST trial
Authors: Danese S , Vermeire S , D’Haens G , Panés J , Dignass A , Magro F , Nazar M , Le Bars M , Lahaye M , Ni L , Bravatà I , Gaya D R , Peyrin-Biroulet L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The STARDUST study demonstrated that ustekinumab (UST), using either a treat-to-target (T2T) or standard of care (SoC) strategy, may induce and maintain endoscopic and clinical response and remission in Crohn’s disease (CD). Primary endpoint, safety, and efficacy have been reported previously.1 Because corticosteroid (CS) sparing is an important aim of CD management, we compared the efficacy of UST T2T vs SoC in achieving CS-free clinical remission and endoscopic response.

Methods
Adult patients (pts) with moderate–severely active CD who were CDAI 70 responders after 16 weeks (W) of induction, comprising a single dose of UST 6 mg/kg iv followed by UST 90 mg SC at W8, were randomized to either T2T or SoC arms. In the T2T arm, choice of UST maintenance dosage (q12w or q8w) was based on endoscopic improvement at W16, followed by clinical and biomarker-directed dose escalation up to q4w; in the SoC arm, UST q12w or q8w dosage was based on EU SmPC. Primary endpoint was endoscopic response (Simple Endoscopic Score in CD [SES-CD] decrease from baseline [BL] ≥50%) at W48. For pts on CS at W16, CS tapering was mandatory. At W48, CS-free clinical remission (CDAI &lt;150 and no CS for ≥30 days) and CS-free endoscopic response (reduction from BL in SES-CD ≥50% and no CS for ≥30 days) were evaluated.

Results
Of 500 pts enrolled, 441 achieved a CDAI 70 response at W16 and were randomized to T2T (n=220) or SoC (n=221); 79.1% and 87.3%, respectively, completed W48. Among clinical remitters and responders at W16 (start of CS tapering), in both T2T and SoC arms more than 70% were still in remission or response at W48 (Figure 1). CS use throughout 48 weeks of treatment is summarized in Table 1. At W48, in T2T and SoC arms similar rates were noted for CS-free endoscopic response (33.6% and 28.5%, respectively) and CS-free clinical remission (56.4% and 63.3%, respectively). Notably, in T2T and SoC arms the CS-free clinical remission rate among pts on CS at BL was 44.1% and 45.1%, respectively (Figure 2). Among W48 endoscopic responders (T2T, n=83; SoC, n=66), CS-free endoscopic response rate was 89.2% and 95.5%, respectively; among W48 clinical remitters (T2T, n=135; SoC, n=154), CS-free clinical remission rate was 91.9% and 90.9%, in T2T and SoC arms, respectively.

Conclusion
Pts treated with UST under T2T or SoC strategies achieved similar rates of CS-free clinical remission and endoscopic response over 48 weeks. Overall for pts on CS at BL, UST reduced the need for CS while achieving response/remission. Most (&gt;89%) pts with endoscopic response/clinical remission at W48 were also CS-free responders/remitters.

Reference