bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐System Collaborative Model of Prosocial Risky Behavior and Cognitive Computation: A Review
Authors: Liu Changlin , Zhao Boqiang , Zhan Youlong , Hu Ping , Mai Xiaoqin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTProsocial risky behavior (PRB) refers to actions taken at personal risk for the benefit of others or societal welfare, combining risk‐taking with prosocial intent, and involving the integrated processing of individual risk and social preferences. Building upon the review and evaluation of the definitions of PRB, existing research tools, theoretical models, and neural mechanisms, this paper elucidates the synergistic interaction and mechanisms of the emotional drive and cognitive reasoning systems in PRB. It constructs a dual‐system collaborative model for PRB. Furthermore, to address the shortcomings of existing PRB research tools, such as limited cross‐domain applicability and low reliability, this paper designs a PRB research paradigm within the economic decision‐making domain. Combined with the dual‐system collaborative model of PRB, this paper proposes a cognitive computational modeling concept for PRB and preliminarily verifies its reliability. Future research should conduct cross‐cultural studies, utilizing cognitive neuroscientific technologies, to explore the cultural differences in the mechanisms underlying PRB, thereby enhancing the cross‐cultural interpretive power of the constructed dual‐system collaborative model of PRB. This broadens the theoretical explanatory pathways and research dimensions of PRB.
Factors affecting waiting times to enter opioid use disorder treatment in the United States with a particular focus on potential biological sex disparity
Authors: Nkemjika Stanley , Oforeh Kenneth , Olwit Connie , Olayinka Olaniyi , Tumenta Terence 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimOpioid use disorder (OUD) is the problematic use of licit or illicit opioids. Thus far, the literature on biological sex differences in accessing treatment is scarce. Hence, we hypothesize that biological sex has a moderating effect on OUD treatment accessibility. We aim to explore biological sex differences in treatment disparities and its role in wait time to enter OUD treatment.MethodUsing the 2018 Treatment Episode Data Set Discharge, the national sample representative of OUD patients in the substance use disorder treatment facilities within the 50 states of the United States was 382,547. Univariate and multivariable logistic analysis of the independent variables and other covariates with the dependent variables were explored to estimate the adjusted odds relationship.ResultsMedications for OUD (MOUD) use among males was significantly different, with waiting 1–7 days (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.300, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.208–1.399) and >7 days (AOR = 0.676, 95% CI = 0.600–0.763) to enter OUD treatment compared to waiting less than a day. For females, MOUD was significantly different, with waiting 1–7 days (AOR = 1.366, 95% CI = 1.244–1.499) and >7 days (AOR = 0.834, 95% CI = 0.721–0.965) to enter OUD treatment compared to waiting less than a day.ConclusionBoth females and males who received MOUD had lower odds of waiting >7 days to enter treatment than those who received no MOUD. The findings of this study will ensure equity in allocating resources to both males and females.
WATCH: A Workflow to Assess Treatment Effect Heterogeneity in Drug Development for Clinical Trial Sponsors
Authors: Sechidis Konstantinos , Sun Sophie , Chen Yao , Lu Jiarui , Zhang Cong , Baillie Mark , Ohlssen David , Vandemeulebroecke Marc , Hemmings Rob , Ruberg Stephen , Bornkamp Björn 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a Workflow for Assessing Treatment effeCt Heterogeneity (WATCH) in clinical drug development targeted at clinical trial sponsors. WATCH is designed to address the challenges of investigating treatment effect heterogeneity (TEH) in randomized clinical trials, where sample size and multiplicity limit the reliability of findings. The proposed workflow includes four steps: analysis planning, initial data analysis and analysis dataset creation, TEH exploration, and multidisciplinary assessment. The workflow offers a general overview of how treatment effects vary by baseline covariates in the observed data and guides the interpretation of the observed findings based on external evidence and the best scientific understanding. The workflow is exploratory and not inferential/confirmatory in nature but should be preplanned before database lock and analysis start. It is focused on providing a general overview rather than a single specific finding or subgroup with a differential effect.
Synergistic effects of El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole on Middle Eastern subseasonal precipitation variability and predictability
Authors: Hochman Assaf , Gildor Hezi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of tropical sea‐surface temperature (SST) on subseasonal precipitation variability and predictability in the Middle East. With this aim, we focus on the synergistic effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) during October. We confirmed that these phenomena exhibit a seasonal correlation, with its highest value in October (). Analysis revealed a significant correlation between tropical SST and total precipitation with a minimum two‐month lag (). Notably, the combined effect of a positive ENSO and IOD produces significantly more precipitation than a negative ENSO and IOD, mainly over the Fertile Crescent. This is attributed to increased water‐vapor flux directed towards the Middle East, which is more pronounced during positive ENSO and IOD. Moreover, the study highlights the broader implications of tropical SST on the frequency of rain‐bearing weather types in the eastern Mediterranean, that is, the Red Sea Trough and the Mediterranean low‐pressure systems often termed ‘Cyprus Lows’. Specifically, positive ENSO events coupled with a positive IOD diminish the occurrence of the Red Sea Trough while concurrently increasing the frequency of Cyprus Lows. The increase in Cyprus Low occurrence relates to the relative location and intensity of the subtropical jet, thus influencing the Mediterranean storm track. Despite this apparent effect, the synergistic interaction of a positive ENSO and IOD poses challenges for subseasonal precipitation prediction, both practically and intrinsically. The October 1997 anomalously positive ENSO and IOD case study provided additional support and understanding to the statistical analysis. This research underscores the relationship between tropical SST and precipitation patterns in the Middle East, shedding light on the challenges and complexities of subseasonal to seasonal weather and climate prediction in this vulnerable region.
Tuning the Triplet Formation Efficiency by Heavy‐Atom Substitution in 3‐Hydroxythiochromone
Authors: Bera Anshuman , Nair Lekshmi R. , Siraj Amjatha , Vennapusa Sivaranjana Reddy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe theoretically studied the triplet formation efficiency in positional isomers of bromine‐substituted 3‐Hydroxythiochromones. Dynamics simulations with relevant spin‐orbit coupling parameters show ultrafast triplet formation with S1 as the donor singlet and upper triplet excited states as receiver states. The near‐degeneracy of S2 with S1 promotes nonadiabatic population transfer from S1 to S2 in isomers with bromine substitution at the 5th position of the parent molecule. This population transfer unfurls an additional intersystem crossing pathway involving S2 and T4, enabling this isomer to show a higher triplet efficiency. The excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer process, promoted by low barrier energy, is operative and can affect the isomers' triplet formation efficiency. Moreover, the timescales of proton transfer and triplet formation can overlap, necessitating thorough experimental investigations to uncover the competitiveness of these simultaneous events.
Robust Consensus Control for Multiple Euler–Lagrange Systems With External Disturbances Based on Event‐Triggered Communication
Authors: Shi Zhengqing , Li Bo , Zhou Chuan , Guo Jian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, a novel robust consensus control protocol is proposed for multiple uncertain Euler–Lagrange systems with unknown external disturbances. First, the local adaptive control laws are derived under event‐triggered communication framework, and the robust consensus control problem is transformed into an equivalent optimal control problem with disturbance rejection. Event‐triggered mechanisms and distributed state estimators are designed by utilizing only triggered exchanging states, by which continuous monitoring neighbors' states is avoided and communication burdens are effectively reduced. Second, the Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaac equations are formulated based on zero‐sum differential game theory, and adaptive dynamic programming methods are employed to approximate the Nash‐equivalent solutions, by which the local robust optimal control laws are derived to eliminate the disturbance effects and improve the robustness of the proposed strategy. It is strictly proved that all signals in the closed‐loop systems are uniformly ultimately bounded and the cost functions are minimized. Finally, two practical examples are presented to validate the proposed strategy.
Spatial Analysis of Large Wood Storage in Coastal Plain Rivers of the Southeast US
Authors: Praskievicz Sarah , Martin Derek , Platt Joshua , Stephens Stephanie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLarge wood (LW) is widely recognized as a significant driver of geomorphic and ecological processes in river systems, but research on LW has been focused largely on low‐order streams in high‐gradient catchments. By comparison, there have been relatively few studies examining the channel‐scale distribution of LW in higher‐order, low‐gradient river systems, such as those in the Coastal Plain of the Southeast US. Here, a field survey of LW in three Coastal Plain rivers in Alabama and North Carolina was conducted. Total wood loads were calculated, LW characteristics were examined, and Ripley's K analysis was used to investigate the channel‐scale spatial distribution of LW in the study rivers for all pieces and for subsets based on stability and decay class. Results indicate that the range of LW loads in the study rivers (9.6–20.8 m3 per 100‐m channel length) is generally in line with loads reported for other temperate forested sites. Over half of the surveyed LW pieces were oriented perpendicular to the channel, and substantial proportions (36%–44%) were pinned, favoring the formation of jams. Ripley's K analysis showed that, on two of the three study rivers, LW was significantly clustered at short distance intervals, with higher degrees of clustering for pinned pieces, indicating the concentration of these pieces in jams. Older LW pieces (as indicated by decay class) were generally more clustered than new ones, potentially indicating the role of transport in moving pieces with longer residence time to favorable deposition locations during mobilizing flows.
Four alternative currencies and their worlds
Authors: Mandirola Santiago 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe following piece is a work of fiction. The trigger for this text was to explore a “what if” question. “What if X happened?” “What scenarios would emerge as a consequence of X?” This premise guided the scenarios presented in this text: what if the movement of every US dollar was made completely traceable? What other currencies, monies, and types of political, social, and economic organization would emerge because of this measure? As a result, four scenarios are presented. The first one responds to the former question, and the other three refer to states and monies that would emerge, grow, or strengthen, as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the first scenario. This way of organizing the text combines finance, economics, fiction, and speculative design. In terms of genre, the piece was originally organized as a brochure destined for potential investors who might be interested in profiting from these alternative currencies ‐ which I have adapted to fit the journal format.
Exploring Nitro‐functionalized Bis‐Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Antimicrobial, DFT, In‐silico ADME/T and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Munjapara Abhishek , Parekh Jenish , Ibrahim Munir , Bhatt Tirth , Patel Raj N. , Socha Bhavesh N. , Jebaliya Hetal , Bishoyi Ashokkumar , Pal Subrata , Patra Subrata 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThree novel Schiff base positional isomers, L1 (bis(2‐((2‐nitrobenzylidene)amino)ethyl)amine), L2 (bis(2‐((3‐nitrobenzylidene)amino)ethyl)amine), and L3 (bis(2‐((4‐nitrobenzylidene)amino)ethyl)amine), were synthesized and their structural characterizations were confirmed using FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC‐MS. All three Schiff bases were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against a range of bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans), with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined for all bacterial strains. A functional group position‐dependent effect was observed in antibacterial activity, with L1 and L3 exhibiting superior efficiency compared to L2 across all bacterial strains. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed to optimize the geometries of Schiff bases and evaluate their electronic properties. The DFT results were in good agreement with the experimental findings, suggesting that L1 and L3 possess more favorable electronic characteristics for antibacterial activity. Molecular docking studies revealed effective binding modes between the Schiff bases and bacterial receptor active sites. In silico ADMET studies were conducted to assess the drug‐likeness properties of the synthesized molecules, showing that all compounds conform to drug‐like characteristics. The study highlights that not only the presence of ─NO2 group but also its specific position within the Schiff base significantly influences antibacterial efficacy.
Synthesis and Design of New 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Benzimidazole Hybrids as Potential Antibacterial Agents Against MRSA by Targeting FabI
Authors: Akhter Gowsia , Hamid Hinna , Dhawan Bharti , Kumar Das Ayan , Tantray Mushtaq A. , Alam Mohammad Sarwar , Sharma Kalicharan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe current investigation describes the synthesis of the 1,3,4‐oxadiazole benzimidazole hybrids 5 (a–m) as antibacterial agents against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by targeting the enoyl‐acyl carrier protein binding site of enoyl‐acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI). Compounds having better (2–6 µg/mL) minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) than ampicillin (100 µg/mL) in initial screening using the broth dilution method against S. aureus (ATCC‐29213) were further gauged for their antimicrobial potential against MRSA (ATCC 4330) using sultamicillin as a standard. 5‐(2‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐6‐yl)‐N‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐amine (5a) was found to be most potent against MRSA with a MIC of 6 µg/mL in comparison to sultamicillin (25 µg/mL). Furthermore, the time‐kill assay exhibited that compound 5a was bactericidal and demonstrated a high safety profile, as hemolysis caused in human red blood cells was insignificant (1.6%) at the concentration of 6 µg/mL (MIC × 3). To establish the molecular target of action, in silico molecular docking studies were performed against SaFabI to reconnoiter the intervention of the molecules in the FAS‐II pathway. Compound 5a exhibited high binding affinity (−11.19) to the target; furthermore, the molecular dynamic simulation studies affirmed the stability of compound 5a, within the active site of the target. All compounds exhibited drug‐appropriate physicochemical characteristics and pharmacokinetic profiles as established by computational ADMET analysis. The study revealed that the synthesized library of small‐molecule oxadiazole benzimidazole hybrids holds promise for developing new antibacterial agents against MRSA infections.
Bias Tunable SnS2/ReSe2 Tunneling Photodetector with High Responsivity and Fast Response Speed
Authors: Li Wei , Yang Ruijing , Han Xiao , Cheng Lin , Yin Tianle , Gao Kexin , Gan Xuetao , Wang Yucheng , Wang Shaoxi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract2D photodetectors operating in photovoltaic mode exhibit a trade‐off between response speed and photoresponsivity. This work presents a phototransistor based on SnS2/ReSe2 heterojunction. Under negative bias, the energy band spike at the heterojunction interface impedes the carrier drifting so that the dark current is as low as 10−13 A. The tunneling under positive bias significantly reduces the transmission time of photogenerated carriers, which enhances the responsivity and specific detectivity to 32.77 A W−1 and 5.77 × 1011 Jones, respectively. Under reverse bias, the enhanced built‐in electric field strengthens the rapid separation of photogenerated carriers, which elevates a response speed to 10.5/24.1 µs and a 3 dB bandwidth to 54.8 kHz. The device also exhibits a broad spectral detection capability, extending from the near‐ultraviolet to the near‐infrared. Furthermore, this work also executed high‐quality ASCII communication and high‐resolution broadband single‐pixel imaging, which demonstrates great promise for incorporation into future broadband optoelectronic systems.
Label‐Free SERS Analysis of Biological and Physical Information Heterogeneity of Nanoscale Extracellular Vesicle by Matching Specific Sizes of Enhanced Particles
Authors: Zhang Ruiyuan , Guo Yu , Huang Chen , Fang Jixiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles (EVs) surface information represents different functions, which is neglected in previous studies. In this study, a label‐free SERS analysis approach is demonstrated to study fundamental EV biological and physical information heterogeneity by matching specific sizes of nano‐enhanced particles. This strategy reveals informative, comprehensive, and high‐quality SERS spectra of the overall exosome surface, and effectively circumvents the key information loss caused by the spatial resistance of NPs binding to the 293 exosomes' concave structure. The classification of normal and cancerous cell‐derived exosomes by PCA method, the accuracy is improved from 91.2% to 95.1% by optimizing sizes of nano‐enhanced particles. In addition, stem cell‐derived EVs of diverse sizes and morphologies similarly show acuity of spectrum variation to NPs size, which is conductive to qualitative studies. This new strategy will offer a widened in‐depth understanding of the surface information, size, and morphology of EVs, which can be applied to the study of biological functions.
Suppression of High Spin State of Mn for the Improvement of Mn‐Based Materials in Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Nguyen Johan , Lee Youngil , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractManganese‐based materials are essential for developing safe, cost‐effective, and environmentally sustainable rechargeable batteries, which are critical for advancing clean energy technologies. However, the high spin state of the Mn cation triggers a pronounced Jahn–Teller effect and phase transformations during cycling, leading to structural instability and reduced electrochemical performance of the Mn‐based cathodes. This review provides a fundamental understanding of the Jahn–Teller effect, highlights recent strategies to mitigate the high spin state of Mn, and offers insights into future research directions aimed at overcoming the Jahn–Teller effect to enhance the performance of next‐generation Mn‐based cathodes for rechargeable batteries.
Structural behavior of deteriorated Gerber half‐joints in highway overpasses by nonlinear finite element analysis combined with a simplified uniform‐corrosion model
Authors: De Domenico Dario , Spinella Nino , Messina Davide , Mazzeo Matteo , Recupero Antonino 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGerber half‐joints, broadly used in the last century as elements of concrete bridges, are prone to corrosion‐induced deterioration, which may lead to brittle shear collapse. It is of paramount importance to develop advanced numerical models for simulating the collapse behavior of Gerber half‐joints, taking material deterioration into account. This paper investigates the ultimate capacity of deteriorated Gerber half‐joints belonging to a set of 50‐year‐old road overpasses in Messina, Italy. The peculiarities of these prestressed concrete bridges are: (1) oversized hangers and diagonal reinforcement bars in the dapped end; (2) inadequate concrete compressed area in the section above the pier subject to negative bending moment. Calibrated upon an extensive in situ test campaign, a parametric 2D and 3D nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) of a portion of the bridge deck is performed to quantify model uncertainties related to: (i) modeling approach, involving different dimensions of the finite element (FE) model (2D and 3D), software, solvers, and implemented nonlinear concrete material model; (ii) shrinkage and creep formulation in the NLFEAs; (iii) effect of the transverse diaphragm in the section above the pier. Carbonation depths identified from experimental tests in conjunction with gravimetric analysis on extracted steel samples are used for calibrating a simplified uniform‐corrosion model, which is incorporated in the NLFEA to investigate the influence of corrosion on the load‐bearing capacity and failure mechanism of the investigated Gerber half‐joints. It is found that the load‐bearing capacity is negligibly reduced (<2%) by the corrosion penetration at the current date (53 years from the construction) and moderately decreases (around 10%) at 100 years of service life. NLFEA outcomes are finally compared to simplified formulations based on strut‐and‐tie models and cross‐sectional analyses to estimate discrepancies resulting from different levels of approximation, as suggested by modern design codes.
Synergistic Anxiolytic Effects of Linalool and Sesamol Co‐Treatment on Swiss Albino Mice: A Potential GABAergic Intervention
Authors: Islam Muhammad Torequl , Bhuia Md. Shimul , Mostakim Md. Shadin , Chowdhury Raihan , Hasan Rubel , Sheikh Salehin , Ansari Siddique Akber , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Eity Tanzila Akter , Islam Md. Tohidul 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSesamol (SES) and linalool (LIN) are aromatic compounds that have neuroprotective effects. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of LIN and SES co‐treatment on Swiss albino mice and analyze its possible mechanism through in silico study. In this sense, the mice were given the gamma‐aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAA) agonist diazepam (DZP; 3 mg/kg, p.o.) as a positive control. A vehicle (10 mL/kg) was served as control. The tested chemicals, single‐dose LIN (50 mg/kg) and SES (50 mg/kg), as well as a combination (LIN + SES) and (DZP + LIN + SES), were administered orally in order to conduct several behavioral tests, including open‐field, swings box, hole‐crossing, and dark‐resident time tests. Further, molecular docking studies of LIN, SES, and DZP were carried out through different software. The results showed that LIN and SES individually have significant anxiolytic‐like activity in mice. Further, when LIN was combined with SES and with (SES + DZP), it exhibited a relatively lower locomotor activity in mice compared to individual treatment groups, indicating a synergistic action. In addition, the molecular docking analysis revealed that LIN and SES have a moderate binding affinity (−5.0 and −5.1 kcal/mol) toward the GABAA receptor α3 subunit. In conclusion, our findings suggest that LIN and SES exerted synergistic anxiolytic activity on Swiss albino mice, possibly through the GABAergic interaction pathways.