bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Perfluorodecalin in Retinal Detachments With Retinoschisis
Authors: Aslan Ozlem , Bazman Cosar , Cekic Osman , Ozalp Solmaz 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of perfluorodecalin on the repair of retinal detachments with retinoschisis.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two eyes of 20 patients with degenerative and X-linked retinoschisis underwent pars plana vitrectomy, perfluorodecalin injection, internal fluid drainage, and fluid- air exchange.
* RESULTS: The retina was reattached intraoperatively in 21 (95.4%) of the 22 eyes. In 4 eyes, retinal detachment recurred within 2 months postoperatively. All of the recurrent cases underwent reoperation with perfluoropropane gas and the retina was reattached at the end of 2 operations. As a result, visual acuity increased in 18 (81.8%) of the 22 eyes.
* CONCLUSION: Perfluorodecalin makes flattening of the retina and evacuation of subretinal fluid easier in the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments associated with degenerative and XIinked retinoschisis.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:818-821.]
Endothelial Cell Loss Secondary to Two Different Phacoemulsification Techniques
Authors: Kohlhaas Markus , Klemm Maren , Kammann Jochen , Richard Gisbert 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The endothelial cell count after phacoemulsification serves as a sensitive indicator for the level of corneal damage caused by different phacoemulsification techniques.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective and randomized study, the "Reversed Tip and Snip" technique and the "Divide and Conquer" technique were performed in groups of 30 patients each. The corneal endothelial cell count was measured preoperatively as well as 4 weeks and 3 months postoperatively.
* RESULTS: The endothelial cell count showed significant (P < .001) reduction by approximately 10% after the "Reversed Tip and Snip" technique and by approximately 15% (P < .001) after the "Divide and Conquer" technique. The latter produced a significantly (P < .001) greater cell loss.
* CONCLUSIONS: The "Reversed Tip and Snip" phacoemulsification technique produces less endothelial cell loss than the "Divide and Conquer" technique.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:890-895.]
Two-Year Results of Photorefractive Keratectomy With Scanning Spot Ablation for Myopia of Less Than -6.0 Diopters
Authors: MD Akif Ozdamar , Aras Cengiz , Sener Bozkurt , Bahcecioglu Halil 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To inves tigate the efficacy, predictability, stability, and safety of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with scanning spot ablation for the treatment of myopia of less than -6.0 D.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty eyes of 20 patients (11 men, 9 women) were enrolled into the study. The mean age was 26.2 ±5.4 years. Mean spherical equivalent myopia was -3.53 ± 1.13 D, ranging from -2.25 to -6.00 D. Patients underwent excimer laser PRK for the treatment of myopia. Follow-up time was at least 24 months in all patients.
* RESULTS: Mean spherical equivalent refraction was +0.84 ± 0.99 D at 1 month, +0.19 ± 0.54 at 3 months, -0.01 ± 0.53 at 12 months, and -0.13 ± 0.50 at 24 months. There was a mean regression of 0.65 D between 1 and 3 months. At 24 months, 1 6 (80%) of the eyes remained within +0.50 D of emmetropia and 18 (90%) of the eyes remained within ±1.0 D of emmetropia. Nineteen (95%) of the eyes had uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better. The mean corneal haze score was maximum at 3 months (0.88 ± 0.22). There was no clinically significant corneal haze (greater than 2+). One eye (5%) lost 2 or more lines of best-corrected visual acuity.
* CONCLUSION: Excimet laser PRK with the scanning spot ablation technique is effective, predictable, stable, and safe for the treatment of myopia of less than -6.0 D.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:904-908.]
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Metastatic to the Eyelid
Authors: Hartstein Morris E , Biesman Brian , Kincaid Marilyn C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to the choroid, orbit, or vitreous is rare. Metastatic lesions to the eyelid are rare as well. The authors report a case of malignant melanoma metastatic to the eyelid. This was the first sign of tumor recurrence in a patient who was thought to have been successfully treated for a melanoma of the back 3 years previously. The patient died 6 weeks after diagnosis of the eyelid lesion. In the presence of known malignancy, metastasis must be suspected in new eyelid lesions. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:993-995.]
Cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to the choroid and orbit has been well documented.1-4 Primary melanoma of the eyelid has also been reported.5 Metastasis to the eyelid is a rare phenomenon, accounting for less than 1% of all eyelid malignancies.6 We report a case of cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to the eyelid.
Prospective Randomized Comparison of Simultaneous and Sequential Bilateral Photorefractive Keratectomy for the Correction of Myopia
Authors: Vetrugno Michele , Maino Anna , Cardia Luigi 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of simultaneous bilateral photorefractuve keratectomy (PRK).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were 52 patients (104 eyes) with myopia less than -6 diopters entered in this prospective trial and randomized to simultaneous or sequential bilateral PRK. Main outcome measures were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), percentage of eyes within ±0.5 D of attempted outcome, present pain intensity (PPI) and total pain rating index (PRI(R)T) scores resulting from McGill the Pain Questionnaire, subjective symptoms, haze, and patient satisfaction. Follow-up extended to 14 months.
* RESULTS: There was no significant difference in UCVA (P=0.996) and percentage of eyes within ±0.5 D of attempted correction (P=0.932). Present pain intensity and PRI(R)T scores were significantly higher in the sequential group (P=0.037; P=0.034). The percentage of satisfied patients after bilateral PRK was significantly higher in the simultaneous group (P=0.036).
* CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous bilateral PRK was safe and effective, without any significant difference from sequential treatment.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:400-410]
The Levels of Cytokines and Nitric Oxide in Rabbit Vitreous Humor after Retinal Laser Photocoagulation
Authors: Er Hamdi , Doganay Selim , Turkoz Yusuf , Cekmen Mustafa , Daglioglu Mutlu C , Gunduz Abuzer , Evereklioglu Cem , Isci Nuran 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To determine the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines such as interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on vitreous humor following retinal laser photocoagulation.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rabbits were divided into 3 groups of 4 animals (8 eyes) each. Twelve pigmented rabbit eyes underwent modified grid pattern photocoagulation with a power of 240 mW (group I); 300 mW (group II); and 360 mW (group III). The eyes received 200 burns using a spot size of 200 µ, and duration of 0.2 s. Vitreous humor samples were collected from each eye preoperatively and at 24 and 72 hours after the laser.
* RESULTS: When compared to preoperative levels, IL-6 levels were increased in all groups; IL-1β levels were increased significantly only in group III. IL-8 levels were high in groups II and III only at 72 hours (P <0.05). TNFα levels were elevated significantly in group II and III only at 24 hours (P <0.05). NO levels were significantly higher than preoperative values in all groups at all times.
* CONCLUSION: Our results support that especially IL-6, IL-8, and NO levels increase significantly following laser photocogulation. This preliminary study suggests that IL-6, IL-8, and NO might be dominant contributing factors in the occurrence of the inflammation postoperatively.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:479-483]
Anterior Stromal Puncture for Bullous Keratopathy
Authors: Tsai Tseng-Chiang , Su Chuan-Yi , Lin Chang-Ping 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of anterior stromal punctures on the symptomatic relief of patients with bullous keratopathy considered ineligible for penetrating keratoplasty.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five eyes of five patients with bullous keratopathy who had intolerable pain, tearing, and photophobia and were ineligible for penetrating keratoplasty were enrolled. Under slitlamp magnification, anterior stromal punctures were applied directly at the bullae with a 24-gauge needle. Supplementary anterior stromal punctures were applied for recurrent bullae, if any, during the follow-up. The condition of the cornea was recorded by taking photographs. Pain and discomfort were subjectively evaluated.
* RESULTS: A significant reduction in pain and tearing was achieved. Epithelial and subepithelial fibrosis with scarred small bullae formation was observed during the follow-up.
* CONCLUSIONS: The anterior stromal puncture is an effective and low-cost method to relieve troublesome symptoms in patients with bullous keratopathy who are not eligible for corneal grafts.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:371-374.]
The Use of Topical Ketorolac 0.5% for Pain Relief Following Cyclophotocoagulation
Authors: Birt Catherine M 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Laser cycloablation is frequently used for glaucoma palliation. Although usually successful, the procedure is often accompanied by pain. The purpose of this prospective, randomized study was to study topical ketorolac for the amelioration of pain following cycloablation.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients requiring a cyclodestructive procedure were randomized into two groups. Each group received a standardized cycloablative laser procedure and routine postoperative drops. Patients were randomized to receive additional topical ketorolac or not. Patients indicated by a mark on a standardized 100-mm line their subjective experience of pain.
* RESULTS: There were no differences between the patient groups regarding preoperative demographic factors. There was a significant difference between the groups in the average and daily pain rating, with the ketorolac therapy group reporting significandy less pain.
* CONCLUSION: The addition of topical ketorolac significantly lessened the pain reported by patients following a cyclodestructive laser procedure.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:381-385.]
Bilateral Giant Macular Hole in a Patient With Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Özdek Sengül C , Pehlivanli Zeynep , Sari Ayça , Hasanreisoglu Berati 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A 32-year-old woman with a medical history of chronic hypertension, chronic renal failure, and hearing deficit presented with bilateral giant macular holes. Possible mechanisms that cause giant macular holes and the relationship between renal failure and giant macular hole formation are discussed.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:480-482.]
A Novel Approach for Freeze-Frame Video Determination of Volumetric Blood Flow in the Rat Retina
Authors: Khoobehi Bahram , Peyman Gholam A , Carnahan Leslie G , Hayes Randolph L 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to quantify retinal hemodynamics using the freeze-frame technique for determining volumetric retinal blood flow.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Leukocytes and erythrocytes were removed from the circulation of rats, stained with fluorescent dyes, returned to the animals' circulation, and excited to fluorescence using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope. The retinal circulation was videotaped and viewed frame-byframe to count the total number of visible stained cells passing through the field of view during a known period of time while excluding repeated appearances of cells in multiple frames. The total number of cells visualized, in conjunction with cell density data collected in a coincident in vitro study, was used to calculate in vivo volumetric blood flow for both ceil types.
* RESULTS: Measurements of volumetric blood flow based on fluorescent leukocytes (34.2 ± 5.9 nL/sec [mean ± standard deviation]; n = 30 rats) and fluorescent erythrocytes (35.1 ±6.1 nL/sec; n = 30 rats) were not significantly different, indicating that the freeze-frame technique provides a blood flow measurement independent of cell type. Repeated blood flow measurements obtained from an individual rat over time showed little difference (P < .0001), demonstrating the reproducibility of the technique.
* CONCLUSIONS: The freeze-frame technique offers a promising method for calculating volumetric blood flow independent of individual cell velocity, size, or type.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:505514]
Microcoaxial Torsional Cataract Surgery 1.8 mm Versus 2.2 mm: Functional and Morphological Assessment
Authors: Mastropasqua Leonardo , Toto Lisa , Vecchiarino Luca , Di Nicola Marta , Mastropasqua Rodolfo 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objective:
To compare functional and morphological outcomes of 1.8-mm versus 2.2-mm microincision coaxial cataract surgery (MCCS).

Patients and Methods:
Thirty eyes of 30 patients that underwent MCCS were randomized to two groups: 1.8-mm MCCS (group 1: 15 eyes) and 2.2-mm MCCS (group 2: 15 eyes).

Results:
There were no significant between-group differences in uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, keratometric astigmatism, and endothelial cell count. One day postoperatively, a greater increase of corneal thickness at the incision site was observed in group 1 compared to group 2 using anterior segment optical coherence tomography with no significant differences in tunnel morphometric features and confocal microscopy showed more tunnel edema in group 1 versus group 2 that resolved in both groups.

Conclusion:
Both 1.8- and 2.2-mm torsional MCCS were safe and efficient with easy surgical maneuvers and excellent functional and morphological results; 1.8-mm MCCS induced slightly greater tunnel edema shortly after surgery that resolved in the medium term.
Identifying Range-of-Motion Deficits and Talocrural Joint Laxity After an Acute Lateral Ankle Sprain
Authors: Wisthoff Bethany A. , Docherty Carrie L. , Glutting Joseph , Gustavsen Geoff , Royer Todd D. , Swanik Charles “Buz” , Kaminski Thomas W. 
Published: April 2021

Context
Approximately 72% of patients with an ankle sprain report residual symptoms 6 to 18 months later. Although 44% of patients return to activity in less than 24 hours after experiencing a sprain, residual symptoms should be evaluated in the long term to determine if deficits exist. These residual symptoms may be due to the quality of ligament tissue and motion after injury.

Objective
To compare mechanical laxity of the talocrural joint and dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) over time (24 to 72 hours, 2 to 4 weeks, and 6 months) after an acute lateral ankle sprain (LAS).

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Athletic training research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 108 volunteers were recruited. Fifty-five participants had an acute LAS and 53 participants were control individuals without a history of LAS.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Mechanical laxity (talofibular interval and anterior talofibular ligament length) was measured in inversion (INV) and via the anterior drawer test. The weight-bearing lunge test was conducted and DFROM was measured. The data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance, independent-samples t tests, and 1-way analysis of variance.

Results
Of the 55 LASs, 21 (38%) were grade I, 27 (49%) were grade II, and 7 (13%) were grade III. Increases were noted in DFROM over time, between 24 and 72 hours, at 2 to 4 weeks, and at 6 months (P &lt; .05). The DFROM was less in participants with grade III than grade I LASs (P = .004) at 24 to 72 hours; INV length was greater at 24 to 72 hours than at 2 to 4 weeks (P = .023) and at 6 months (P = .035) than at 24 to 72 hours. The anterior drawer length (P = .001) and INV talofibular interval (P = .004) were greater in the LAS group than in the control group at 6 months.

Conclusions
Differences in range of motion and laxity were evident among grades at various time points and may indicate different clinical responses after an LAS.
On certain Tannakian categories of integrable connections over Kähler manifolds
Authors: Biswas Indranil , dos Santos João Pedro , Dumitrescu Sorin , Heller Sebastian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGiven a compact Kähler manifold X, it is shown that pairs of the form
$(E,\, D)$
, where E is a trivial holomorphic vector bundle on X, and D is an integrable holomorphic connection on E, produce a neutral Tannakian category. The corresponding pro-algebraic affine group scheme is studied. In particular, it is shown that this pro-algebraic affine group scheme for a compact Riemann surface determines uniquely the isomorphism class of the Riemann surface.
Prevalence of malaria infection in pregnant women attending Bamalli Nuhu Maternity Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Yola A.I. , Tukur Z , Dantata A.A. 
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of malaria parasites in pregnant women attending Bamalli Nuhu Maternity Specialist Hospital Kano. A total of 250 blood samples of pregnant women were tested using field stain method and the parasites were identified using the standard identification keys. Out of which, 180 (72%) were found to be malaria parasite positive. The result of the present study revealed that Plasmodium falciparum had the highest rate of infection with about 68.8% while Plasmodium ovale was found to have an infection rate of 3.2%. The result revealed a highly significant difference within the means levels between the observed species (P. falciparum and P. ovale) (00000.1904***). Based on parity 94 (78.33%) Primigravidae, 61 (72.62%) Secundigravidae and 25 (54.35%) Multigravidae were infected respectively. The result of the findings also reveals that there is a significant difference within the levels of pregnant women Parity (0.01719*). It was concluded that more than half of the pregnant women were infected with malaria infection and P. falciparum was the predominant species then P. ovale. The findings of the study further proved that Primigravidae and Secundigravidae are more susceptible to malaria infection. More effort should be made in order to control malaria infection by providing better clinical management of the disease that includes curative and preventing measures. Keywords: Prevalence, Parity, Plasmodium, Pregnant Women, Infection rate
Mature teratoma with aspergilloma
Authors: Bezabih Abebe , Atnafu Asfaw 
Published: April 2021

Mediastinal mature teratomas are benign germ cell tumors which rarely involve the lung, but when they involve the lung they can cavitate. Aspergilloma developing in a mature teratoma is extremely rare, and according to our English literature search, there is only one previously reported case. We report a 21-year-old female who presented with cough and foul-smelling sputum. investigations revealed an intrathoracic mass, which intraoperatively and upon subsequent histological exam was found to be a mature mediastinal teratoma involving the lung and associated with an aspergilloma. Reporting our case will add to the understanding of this rare presentation of mediastinal mature teratomas. Keywords: mature teratoma; aspergilloma; surgical treatment
Study of fungical conjunctival microbiota of students from the Health Sciences area of the Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda - UniFOA.
Authors: Garcia Aurilio , Bortot Jobson , Ferraz Marco Antônio , Mota Lívia , Borsatto Tassius , Norberg Antonio Neres 
Published: April 2021

Os autores avaliaram o perfil da microbiota conjuntival fúngica de estudantes da área das Ciências da Saúde do Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda – UniFOA. Foram estudados 200 acadêmicos, sendo 100 pertencentes ao ciclo básico, com restrição ao ambiente hospitalar, e 100 do ciclo clínico, com efetivo contato. O material foi coletado do saco conjuntival e semeado em meio de cultura Sabouraud-dextrose-agar, e mantido em temperatura ambiente.As culturas foram positivas em 26 alunos, correspondendo a 13% do total examinado. Foram isolados os seguintes fungos: 7 (26,92%) Candida albicans, 5 (19,23%) Rhodotorula spp., 6 (23,07%) Penicillium spp., 3 (11,53%) Aspergillus niger, 3 (11,53%) Fusarium spp., e 2 (7,69%) Aspergillus fumigatus. Este resultado é compatível com a maioria dos estudos anteriores realizados por outros autores.
LOS DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES EN ESTADO DE ALARMA: UNA SUSPENSIÓN INCONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ DE CASADEVANTE MAYORDOMO PABLO 
Published: April 2021

Sábado, 14 de marzo de 2020. El Gobierno de España decide recurrir
al estado de alarma para hacer frente a la pandemia provocada por el
COVID-
19, en lo que supone la generalización de una serie de medidas restrictivas
que pondrán a prueba la fortaleza del orden constitucional establecido. Siendo
el estricto confinamiento domiciliario la más importante de todas ellas, este artículo
pone de manifiesto los vicios de inconstitucionalidad en que ha incurrido
un estado de alarma claramente extralimitado, ello desde el momento en que impone
la suspensión general de derechos fundamentales sin las correspondientes
garantías constitucionales exigidas para ello.
2020ko martxoaren 14a, larunbata. COVID-19aren pandemiari
aurre egiteko, Espainiako Gobernuak alarma-egoera erabiltzea erabaki du.
Neurri murriztaile batzuk orokortzea dakar, denetan garrantzitsuena, etxeko konfinamendu
zorrotza. Ikusi egin beharko da ea konstituzio-ordenak nola eusten
dion. Alarma-egoerak muga guztiak gainditu eta apurtu izanik, konstituzioaren
kontra gertatu diren okerkeriak erakusten ditu artikulu honek, horixe jazo baita,
oinarrizko eskubideak orokorrean etenda utzi zirenetik Konstituzioak horretarako
eskatzen duen bermerik gabe.
Saturday, March 14, 2020. The Spanish government has decided to
use the state of alert to tackle the pandemic caused by COVID-19, which involves
the generalisation of a series of restrictive measures that will test out the strength
of the established constitutional order. With strict home confinement as the most
important of these actions, this article shows the unconstitutionality of a state
of alarm that has gone completely beyond its limits, since it imposes a general
suspension of fundamental rights without the corresponding constitutional
guarantees required for this purpose.