bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatoprotective Effect of Leaves of Morinda tinctoria Roxb. Against Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats
Authors: K. Yadav Anil , Singh Anoop 
Published: November 2021

Aim: To study the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of 50% aqueous-alcoholic leaves extract of Morinda tinctoria (Rubiaceae) against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Study Design: All experiments involving animals complies with the ethical standards of animal handling and approved by institutional animal ethical and welfare committee of the Institute of Pharmacy, PSIT (1273/AC/09/ CPCSEA) and plant were collected from Ranan Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India and was authenticated by Dr. Navin K. Ambasht, Head and Associate Professor, Botany Department, Christ Church College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Institute of Pharmacy, PSIT, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, during 2018-21.
Methodology: The hepatoprotective potential of Morinda tinctoria leaves extract (MTLE) 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight was studied on Methionine and Choline deficient diet, High Fat Diet, Cholesterol and Cholate diet, and Streptozotocin + HFD induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. At the end of the treatment blood sample was collected from direct cardiac puncture and analysed for various parameter like alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, free fatty acid and malondialdehyde.
Results: The phytochemical investigation of extract showed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, amino acid, saponin, tannins, phenols, carbohydrate and for the first time the present study showed that Morinda tinctoria leaves extract reduced level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, free fatty acid, malondialdehyde and enhance the level of Superoxide dismutase, High Density Lipoprotein and it also returned hepatic damage towards normal which further supports hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of M. tinctoria. leaves extracts.
Conclusions: M. tinctoria leaves extract showed maximum curation in the dose 300 mg/kg body weight against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Severity of Extrinsic Black Stain and prevalence of Dental Caries
Authors: B. Almotairy Mishary , M. Albukhitan Abdulrahman , Abduldaiem Yousif O. , A. Alsemrani Tariq , A. Alhameed Moayed , S. Alqeshtaini Ihsan 
Published: November 2021

Background: Teeth discoloration is one of the most common problems among individuals nowadays. It can be caused by a variety of circumstances and can result in cosmetic problems as well as low self-esteem and dental caries. Hence the present was conducted to investigate the correlation between the severity of Black stains and the prevalence of caries, number of missing teeth, crowns, restorations, and Endodontically-treated teeth in adult patients at Riyadh Elm University Dental Clinics.
Materials and Methods: The study consisted of 84 participants with age ranging from 18 to 60 years, with no gender preference. The subjects included in the study had not received any professional teeth scaling and polishing at least 6 months prior to the examination. Participants with an anterior fixed partial denture or any kind of restoration anteriorly with more than two incisors crowns or more than two missing incisors for each quadrant were excluded. Clinical examination was done by the single investigator who was calibrated by practicing it on 5 patients.
Results: In the present study majority 64 (76.2%) of the participants aged between 18-32yrs, more than half 50 (59.5%) of them were male and the rest of them were female 34 (40.5%). A high percentage of subjects 34 (40.5%) were having a university level of education. Age, gender showed significant association with Intensity, extensity and composite scores of stains (p<0.05). Income was associated statistically significantly with extensity of stains (p<0.05). A correlation was found between the patient decayed teeth number and stains; however, this relation wasn’t statistically significant. The study found that endodontically treated teeth had a statistically significant link between its number increase and the extent and intensity of stains.
Conclusion: From the present study it was concluded that age and gender was statistically associated with intensity, extensity and composite scores and income also had an impact on extensity of stains. More investigation is recommended to gain more understanding of the correlations of dark stains.
Chromatographic Method for Quantification of Tenofovir in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Comparison with Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: Akbel Erten , Bulduk Ibrahim 
Published: November 2021

Aims: An efficient therapeutic drug or antiviral agent to treat Covid-19 is still not available. But, previously licensed pharmaceuticals to treat other virus infections are usedon an off-label basis either alone or in combination. Tenofovir emerged as a promising treatment for Covid-19 in September 2020. It is an antiretroviral drug that is active against many viruses. This study explains the development and asessment of liquid chromatographic and UV spectrophotometric methods to quantify tenofovir in raw materials and tablets.
Methods: HPLC analyzes were performed using a C18 column and a mobile phase composed of 20 mM KH2PO4, with a flow rate of 0.8 mLmin-1 and UV detection at 260 nm. For the spectrophotometric analyzes, ultra-pure water was used as a solvent. UV spectrum of standard and sample solution were recorded between 200 and400 nm and Tenofovir was detected using a wavelength of 260 nm. Both methods have been validated according to the procedures described in ICH guidelines Q2(R1) for the validation of analytical methods.
Results: The results showed that both spectrophotometric and liquid chromatographic methods were linear, precise, accurate, rugged and robust with relative standard deviation R.S.D.% values less than 1%, and the recovery percentage was within standard limits (98-102%). Then a statistical comparison of these two analytical methods was performed, and the results of both methods showed no significant difference. It was found that both methods were not statistically significant with respect to each other in the 95% confidence interval (p<0.05). As a result, the proposed methods were found to be highly effective and could be used for routine analysis of tenofovir in pharmaceutical formulations.
Impact of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Oral Health Related Quality of Life (Ohrqol)-A Literature Review
Authors: Jabin Zohra , Nasim Iffat , Priya V. Vishnu 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has emerged as an effective agent for arresting and preventing caries. It offers an immediate inhibition of caries process thereby reducing pain and suffering in those who lack access to quick restorative /prosthetic rehabilitation. It may impact oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL).
Aim: This literature review is aimed at reviewing the SDF versus other standard care therapies and exploring their impact on OHRQoL.
Methodology: Literature was searched by two independent reviewers to recognise the English language papers in the four most commonly used databases: Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Search included 11 randomised controlled trials that used SDF as an intervention either alone or with comparative agent/treatment for caries arrest and studies that considered oral health-related quality of life as an associating factor.
Results: Two studies used application of SDF solution or placebo as intervention, few adopted use of comparator agent or/and alternative treatment and some adopted single sample pre-post designs with isolated SDF use. Different versions of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was used by most studies for assessment of oral health-related quality of life. While two studies (Ruff et al, Hiremath et al) used the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP).
Conclusion: SDF application may increase the quality of life of children as perceived by their parents and SDF staining is not a concern for both of them.
Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women and Impact on in Tabuk Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: M. Al-Hawiti Reham , Al-Qahtani Sarah H. , Bedaiwi Abdullah , A. Alharbi Asma 
Published: November 2021

Background: Periodontal disease is amongst the top ten most common diseases to affect humans and the leading cause of tooth loss for adults, so it’s important to be aware of the condition and how it can develop.Periodontitis is an inflammatory process initiated by bacterial plaque involving the supporting structures of the tooth which include the gingiva, the junctional epithelium, root cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone.
Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-managed questionnaire conducted among 127 pregnant women in King Salman Armed Forces Hospital in Tabuk region, Saudi Arabia (2020).
Results: the study found that 69.3% of cases had symptoms of periodontitis. Also, the study found that there were no significant correlations betweensymptoms of periodontitis and all variables like; age group, marital status, educational level, employment, number of children, brushing daily, and visiting dental clinic during pregnancy (p>0.05). As regards symptoms of periodontitisassociated with pregnancy, our study reported that 56.7% had Bleeding per gum, 44.9% had gum swelling and 40.9% had an offensive odor from the mouth.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the majority of pregnant women cases had periodontitis and there was no significant association found with different variables like age, educational level, marital status. Also, there was good practice and attitude toward pregnancy-associated periodontitis.
Formulation and Quality Control Tests for Nanoemulsion of Tofacitinib: A Novel Approach
Authors: Nishal Suchitra , Jhawat Vikas , Phaugat Parmita , Dutt Rohit 
Published: November 2021

Background: Tofacitinib (TFB) is a pioneer JAK (Janus kinase) inhibitor mainly employed to treat rheumatoid arthritis. It has proven efficacy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the oral dosage form. Oral TFB exhibited several toxic effects. Current research aims to develop a topical formulation of TFB to achieve effective treatment without any adverse effects.
Study Design: Ultrsonication Methods.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Swami Dayanand Postgraduate Institute of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak; 2020-2021.
Methods: Oleic acid, tween 80, and propylene glycol were selected as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively. The ratio of oil:surfactant:co-surfactant was selected based on a ternary phase diagram using the aqueous titration method. The selected ratio was employed to develop eight formulations of TFB by ultra-sonication. The formulations (F1-F8) were characterized using several physicochemical methods like pH, viscosity, particle size distribution, zeta potential, drug content, and in vitro release.
Results: The formulations (F1-F8) were formulated by using the ultrasonication (high energy) method. The optimized formulation selected on the basis of characterization methods for instance, F8 possessed particle size 127.4 nm, and -18.4 (mV) zeta potential. The in vitro release of F8 was found to be 88.1 ± 2.5% at 24 hours. It also passed the thermodynamic stability tests.
Conclusion: The current investigations conclude that tofacitinib-nanoemulsion (TFB-NE) can be used as an alternative to the oral route of TFB and is also useful in reducing the adverse effects associated with oral TFB.
Effectiveness of Visual Intervention Tool in Improving LATCH Score in Mothers
Authors: Pramodita S. , Sudarsanan Harish , Asha A. , Benazer H , Kumutha J. 
Published: November 2021

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breast feeding for at least 6 months and thereafter until the child is 2 years of age which has largely been achieved by Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative put forth by WHO. The vital role played by mother in breastfeeding delivers passive immunity and nutrients to the child and for it to be practiced in an effective way, counselling and education is neededfor postpartum mothers. For an objective evaluation of effectiveness of breastfeeding counselling with visual aids in our unit, LATCH scoring was used to assess breastfeeding quality.
Materials and Methods: Breastfeeding education was given to postpartum mothersin the form of video assisted teaching as intervention. Pre and post intervention LATCH score were done to assess the quality of breastfeeding. Score for Latching (L), Audible swallowing (A), Type of nipple (T), Mother comfort (C), Help needed (H) were scored as 0,1 or 2. The total maximum score was 10 and minimum was 0. Maternal and neonatal demographic data and LATCH scores were collected and analyzed.
Results: The difference between pre intervention and post intervention mean LATCH score was statistically significant.
Conclusion: The visual intervention helped the mothers to understand breastfeeding techniques and lactate effectively.
Prevalence, Causes and Management of Encephalitis
Authors: Ajwah Ibrahim Mahmoud H. , Alrashidi Samirah Nawaf Naif , Mutairi Nouf Zayed Omer Al , Almazroa Ahmad Mazroa , Almutairi Abdulrahman Jaser F. , Alsakran Bushra Saad , Alzhrani Mujeb Mosfer Mujeb , Alhashim Maryam Jafar , Alsakran Sara Mohammed , Alhakeem Wejdan Hani , Salamh Abdulaziz Fahad , Almanaah Mubarak Ali M. , Alqahtani Wa’ad Massoud Almonser 
Published: November 2021

Encephalitis is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and permanent neurological disability in both adults and children. The term "encephalitis" literally means inflammation of part or all of the "brain" or the brain parenchyma. Encephalitis affects people of all ages; however, the incidence is higher in the pediatric population. Although both genders are affected, most studies showed slight dominance in men. There are two main types with different causes: primary or infectious encephalitis can develop when a fungus, virus, or bacteria infects the brain and accounts for approximately 70% of confirmed cases of encephalitis, and secondary or post-infectious encephalitis when the immune system is active and reacts. to a previous infection and mistakenly attacks the brain. The clinical manifestations depend on whether the brain parenchyma or the meninges are predominantly involved and cause an encephalitic or meningitis syndrome. Diagnostic tests should include a lumbar puncture, an MRI of the brain, and an EEG for suspected encephalitis. In encephalitis, a broad differential diagnosis, both infectious and non-infectious, should be considered. These alternatives include malignancy, autoimmune or paraneoplastic diseases (eg, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis), brain abscess, drug-induced tuberculosis or delirium, neurosyphilis, or bacterial, fungal, protozoal, or helminthic encephalitis. Antiviral medications, such as intravenous acyclovir, are often given at the initial diagnosis of encephalitis before the cause is known. Acyclovir is the best treatment for herpes simplex encephalitis. If medication can be started soon after symptoms appear, the chance of a full recovery is much higher.
Antidiabetic Potential of Selected Medicinal Plants: A Literature Review
Authors: Altalhi Abdulrahman , Alsufyani Mashhour , Alqurashi Khalid , Alshalwi Hussain , Althobaiti Abdullah , Alzahrani Khames 
Published: November 2021

Aims: To investigated for any scientific evidence indicating traditional use of different plant species in the management of diabetes.
Study Design: Review Article.
Place and Duration of Study: Conducted in Saudi Arabia from December 2020 to August 2021.
Methodology: The literature was thoroughly investigated for any scientific evidence indicating traditional use of different plant species in the management of diabetes. The search was done in databases of Google Scholar, Saudi Digital Library and PubMed. Accordingly, the used plant species are classified into six groups. These are: Plants with antidiabetic activity, Plants with hypoglycemic activity, plants with alpha-glucosidase activity, Plants with alpha-amylase activity, Plants with glucose tolerance test, Plants with hypolipemic, anti-cholesterol, LDL and HDL activity.
Conclusion: We have done in vitro and in vivo evaluation of M. arvensis L. for antidiabetic activity. The leaves extracts of M. arvensis L. showed significant antioxidant potential and significantly inhibited protein glycation, which correlated well with its phenolics along with other phytoconstituents. the methanolic extract of M. arvensis L.
Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness about Eating, Sleeping, Weight, Diet and Other Lifestyle Changes during COVID Pandemic
Authors: Immanuel Jeswin , Devi R. Gayatri , Priya A. Jothi 
Published: November 2021

Background and Aim: COVID pandemic lockdown has been constantly associated with psychological changes which have resulted in an increase in stress level and other diseases. So the main aim of this study is to create knowledge about the lifestyle, sleeping and other changes happening during pandemic situations.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among the dental population with a sample size of 100 to 150. The survey was done in an online questionnaire pattern through Google forms and circulated. The statistics were done using SPSS software, chi square test was used to check the association and P value of 0.05 was said to be statistically significant.
Results: 36.63% responded to intake of vegetables as slight increases and 36.63% responded to significant increase of fruits and vegetables. There were many positive as well as negative changes were observed like increase in screen time and low physical activity were considered to be negative and positive changes like decrease in smoking and drinking alcohol. COVID-19 marginally improved the eating behavior, yet one-third of participants gained weight as physical activity declined significantly coupled with an increase in screen and sitting time. Mental health was also adversely affected. Intake of a balanced diet was significantly increased in females than males. Nearly 42% of them significantly increased their sleeping hours.
Conclusion: The increase of COVID virus all over the world at a faster rate may distract people from attention over lifestyle, physical and mental health. The mental issues may result in severe consequences. People must be aware that a healthy lifestyle change may cause severe health issues. A detailed understanding of these factors can help to develop interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviors that have manifested during COVID-19.
Factors Increasing Noncompliance of Psychiatric Patients Undergoing for Psychotropic Therapy
Authors: Bharathi A. R. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The positive result of the treatment regimen mainly depends on the adherence of the patients towards the instruction given by the physician and termed as the noncompliance or incomplete adherence to treatment.
Methods: The present study aimed to descriptively analyze and identify the reasons that increasing the incomplete adherence for psychotropic therapy based on information retrieved from the patient and their relatives in Institute of Mental Hospital (IMH), Chennai.90 participants were interrogated using a structured questioner by purposive-sampling procedure after receiving their informed consent.
Results: The present study showed the involvement of different factors such as pre – mature stopping the drug regimen (28.8%), buying lesser quantity of the drugs than prescribed by physicians (24.4%), and irregular drug consuming (23.3%). The present study importance of creating the awareness regarding the optimal follow- ups and emphasized the advices regarding the changing the mental health service regimes. The patients and relatives should be given the psychological based awareness for reducing the noncompliance on the psychotropic regimes.
In Silico Screening of Potential Inhibitors of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase using Benzimidazole, Benzoxazole, Imidazole, and Tetrazole Derivatives
Authors: Arulmurugan Subramaniyan , P. Kavitha Helen , P. Vennila Jasmine 
Published: November 2021

Background: Small molecule compounds are docked into receptor binding sites and the binding affinity of the complex is calculated using the structure-based drug design technique. Precise and quick docking processes, as well as the capacity to examine binding geometries and interactions, are required for a full knowledge of the structural principles that influence the strength of a protein/ligand complex. The present work deals with in-silico molecular docking studies of some heterocyclic compounds such as benzoxazole, benzimidazole, imidazole and tetrazole against the EGFR tyrosine kinase receptor.
Methodology: Molecular docking studies of some heterocyclic compounds such as benzoxazole, benzimidazole, imidazole and tetrazole against the EGFR tyrosine kinase receptor using Schrodinger LLC (Maestro 9.2) software.
Results: Our in silico observations reveal that, all the selected heterocyclic compounds (1-8) show good binding interaction and good docking score against selected target enzyme. Out of eight compounds selected for the study two compounds compound 3 and 7 shows higher glide score. Compound 3 binded to ASP855 with a docking score of −11.20 kcal/mol. Compound 7 binded to ASP855 with a docking score of −11.56kcal/mol.
Conclusion: Docking results revealed that compounds (1-8) interact with EGFR kinase receptor active site. Among the compounds, compound 7 has shown the highest glide score of -11.56 kcal/mol.
New Understanding of Dental Public Health: A Review
Authors: Kitey Vedanti , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Madhu Priyanka Paul , Reche Amit , Hiware Gunjan , Jawade Prachi 
Published: November 2021

Oral disorders are a most important public health issue in most of the developing countries, and their prevalence is on the rise. To enhance the population's oral wellbeing by providing preventive and therapeutic services is the main aim of dental public health (DPH). However, due to low requirement of capability and ability among DPH personnel, its accomplishment in India is being probed [1]. For many people, dental care has grown expensive, and a huge number of patients around the world are delaying or ignoring important dental procedures. in addition, the ageing of the worldwide populace, as well as the resulting growth in common and dental concern needs, raises worries about the long-term viability of healthcare organization. These changes underscore the critical requirement for a new dental care representation that is both sustainable and efficient [2]. In this regard, the favorable approach for transforming the scene of oral healthcare is the adoption of scientific advancements in dentistry, commonly known as "digital dentistry" by many.
In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) campaigns revolutionize on a regular basis, encouraging the creation and spread of community wellbeing practices that are holded up by both documentation and conveyance technology (e-Health) and mobile phones (m-Health) [3]. We can see how scientific developments could facilitate to accomplish these aims by offering constructive apparatus if we focus on the concept of Dental Public Health (DPH) as “the knowledge and art of arresting and scheming dental disorders and understanding dental wellbeing through efficient group hard work” [4].