bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEKRIMINALISASI BAGI PENYALAHGUNA, KORBAN PENYALAHGUNAAN DAN PECANDU NARKOTIKA MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG NARKOTIKA
Authors: Saikhu M. 
Published: June 2021

Penyalahgunaan dan peredaran gelap Narkoba menjadi permasalahan serius hampir di setiap Negara, tidak terkecuali di Indonesia. Karena kenyataan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah Pecandu di Indonesia semakin hari semakin meningkat. Hal ini tentunya harus mendapatkan penanganan yang lebih serius dari semua komponen, baik pemerintah maupun swasta. Sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Undang-undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika, Penyalahguna Narkotika wajib direhabilitasi, yang diperkuat dalam Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2010 tentang penempatan Penyalahguna, bahwa Korban Penyalahguna dan Pecandu Narkotika ditempatkan ke dalam Lembaga Rehabilitasi Medis dan Sosial. Undang Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika mengatur double track system pemidanaan, yaitu hakim dapat memutuskan hukuman pidana penjara dan dapat memutuskan tindakan rehabilitasi bagi Penyalahguna Narkotika. Hakim berperan sangat penting sesuai amanat Undang Undang untuk melakukan dekriminalisasi sehingga permintaan berkurang. Langkah ini bisa mengurangi suplai yang berdampak pada penanggulangan masalah Narkoba di Indonesia.Kata kunci: Narkotika; Penyalahgunaan; DekriminalisasiAbuse and trafficking in illegal drugs is a serious problem in almost every country, no exception in Indonesia. Because the fact shows that the number of addicts in Indonesia is increasing the day. This should certainly get more serious handling from all components, both government and private. As mandated in law number 35 year 2009 concerning narcotics, narcotic abusers is obliged to be rehabilitated, which was strengthened in the circular letter of the Supreme Court No. 4 year 2010 on the placement of abusers, that abusers victims and narcotics addicts were placed into the institute. Medical and social rehabilitation. Law Number 35 year 2009 about narcotics set up double track system Pemidanaan, that is, the judge can decide the prison sentence and can decide the rehabilitation action for abusers narcotics. The judge plays a crucial role according to the law's mandate to decriminalize so that demand decreases. This step can reduce supply that has an impact on the prevention of drug problems in Indonesia. Keywords: narcotics; Abuse Of
Analisis Ketersediaan dan Kebutuhan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Publik pada Kawasan Perkotaan Bintuni di Wilayah Distrik Manimeri
Authors: Wibowo Jendro Edy , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Siburian Rima Herlina 
Published: June 2021

Meskipun merupakan daerah otonomi baru, ketersediaan ruang terbuka hijau di pusat pemerintahan Teuk BintunimemenuhikriteriaPeraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No. 05 tahun 2008. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketersedian ruang terbuka hijau saat ini dan menperkirakan kebutuhan untuk sepuluh tahun kedepan denganÂ pendekatan jumlah penduduk. Metode survey lapangan, pemetaan menggunakan Citra Satelit Resolusi Sangat Tinggi dan Citra lansat serta Â softawar GIS digunakan untuk menganalisis data digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan ruang terbuka hijau publik pada kawasan perkotaan diwilayah distrik Manimeri terdiri dari hutan kota (22,12 ha) sudah terpenuhi, jalur hijau jalan (17,94 ha), lapangan olahraga (4,56 ha), median jalan (0,914 ha), sempadan sungai (155,15 ha), taman kelurahan (0,21 ha) dan taman pemakaman umum (1,77 ha).Â Kebutuhan ruang terbuka hijau publik berdasarkan pendekatan jumlah penduduk sepuluh tanun kedepan bagi Taman rukun tetangga 0,95 ha, Taman rukun warga 0,48 ha, Taman kelurahan/kampung 0,29 Ha. Taman kecamatan/distrik 0,1902 ha dan Taman kota 0,2853 ha.Â Pemenuhan kriteria RTH publik berdasarlan Permen PU No 05 Tahun 2008, untuk jenis RTH hutan kota secara umum terpenuhi, jenis RTH jalur hijau jalan seluruhnya terpenuhi, jenis RTH median jalan secara umum tidak terpenuhi, jenis RTH sempadan sungai seluruhnya terpenuhi, jenis RTH taman kelurahan secara umum tidak terpenuhi dan jenis RTH taman pemakaman umum secara umum tidak terpenuhi.
Retirement transitions in the 21st century: A scoping review of the changing nature of retirement in Europe
Authors: Lassen Aske Juul , Vrangbæk Karsten 
Published: June 2021

There are important transformations taking place regarding the ways to transition from work-life to retirement. The timing and pathways are changing and many individuals undergo long periods of being in-between working and retirement life. Yet, our cultural understandings of retirement tend to maintain a clear distinction between pre- and post-retirement life. While the changes in retirement trajectories is not new, the trend seems to have accelerated in recent decades. We focus on what is known from the literature about the tendencies in alternative retirement trajectories of healthy seniors in Europe since 2000.
We review some conceptual and political transitions in the societal understandings of retirement, followed by a scoping review in three sections: 1) Employment after retirement, 2) Self-employment, and 3) Unretirement. We conclude that while 21st century retirement trajectories are complex and understudied, there are some clear tendencies regarding who engages in such practices and why.
Antimicrobial Peptides Human Beta-Defensin-2 and -3 Protect the Gut During Candida albicans Infections Enhancing the Intestinal Barrier Integrity: In Vitro Study
Authors: Fusco Alessandra , Savio Vittoria , Donniacuo Maria , Perfetto Brunella , Donnarumma Giovanna 
Published: June 2021

The intestinal mucosa is composed of a monolayer of epithelial cells, which is highly polarized and firmly united to each other thanks to the presence of proteins complexes, called Tight junctions (TJs). Alteration of the mucus layer and TJs causes an increase in intestinal permeability, which can lead to a microbial translocation and systemic disorders. Candida albicans, in addition to its role of commensal, is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for disseminated candidiasis, especially in immunocompromised subjects where the dysbiosis leads to damage of the intestinal mucosal barrier . In this work, we used a line of intestinal epithelial cells able to stably express the genes that encodes human beta defensin-2 (HBD-2) and -3 (HBD-3) to monitor the invasion of C. albicans in vitro. Defensins are a group of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) found in different living organisms, and are involved in the first line of defense in the innate immune response against pathogens. The results obtained show that the presence of antimicrobial peptides improves the expression of TJs and increases the Trans Epithelial Electrical Resistence value. In addition, the invasive ability of C. albicans in transfected cells is significantly reduced, as well as the expression levels of genes involved in the apoptotic pathway. Through the study of interaction between antimicrobial peptides and microbiota we will be able in the future to better understand the mechanisms by which they exert the host defense function against intestinal pathogens.
Thrombin Generation as a Method to Identify the Risk of Bleeding in High Clinical-Risk Patients Using Dual Antiplatelet Therapy
Authors: de Breet C. P. D. M. , Zwaveling S. , Vries M. J. A. , van Oerle R. G. , Henskens Y. M. C. , van't Hof A. W. J. , van der Meijden P. E. J. , Veenstra L. , ten Cate H. , Olie R. H. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Patients using dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention are at risk for bleeding. It is currently unknown whether thrombin generation can be used to identify patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with increased bleeding risk.Objectives: To investigate whether thrombin generation measurement in plasma provides additional insight into the assessment of bleeding risk for high clinical-risk patients using dual antiplatelet therapy.Methods: Coagulation factors and thrombin generation in platelet-poor plasma were measured in 93 high clinical-risk frail patients using dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. During 12-month follow-up, clinically relevant bleedings were reported. Thrombin generation at 1 and 6 months after percutaneous coronary intervention was compared between patients with and without bleeding events.Results: One month after percutaneous coronary intervention, the parameters of thrombin generation, endogenous thrombin potential, peak height, and velocity index were significantly lower in patients with bleeding in the following months compared to patients without bleeding. At 6 months follow-up, endogenous thrombin potential, peak height, and velocity index were still (significantly) decreased in the bleeding group as compared to non-bleeders. Thrombin generation in the patients' plasma was strongly dependent on factor II, V, and VIII activity and fibrinogen.Conclusion: High clinical-risk patients using dual antiplatelet therapy with clinically relevant bleeding during follow-up show reduced and delayed thrombin generation in platelet-poor plasma, possibly due to variation in coagulation factors. Thus, impaired thrombin-generating potential may be a “second hit” on top of dual antiplatelet therapy, increasing the bleeding risk in high clinical-risk patients. Thrombin generation has the potential to improve the identification of patients using dual antiplatelet therapy at increased risk of bleeding.
RBP4 Is Associated With Insulin Resistance in Hyperuricemia-Induced Rats and Patients With Hyperuricemia
Authors: Liu Chan , Zhou Xiao-Rong , Ye Mu-Yao , Xu Xiang-Qing , Zhang Yu-Wei , Liu Hong , Huang Xian-Zhe 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveHyperuricemia (HUA) is strongly associated with abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin resistance (IR). However, the precise molecular mechanism of HUA-induced IR is still unclear. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been shown to induce IR in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was designed to clarify the relationship between RBP4 and HUA-induced IR and its potential mechanisms.MethodsPatients with HUA were collected to detect the levels of plasma RBP4 and clinical biochemical indicators. Rats were fed with 10% high yeast and oteracil potassium (300 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection once daily for eight weeks, and gavage with adenine (100 mg/kg) once daily from the fifth week to induce the HUA model. Glucose consumption testing was performed to determine the capacity of glucose intake and consumption in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein level of RBP4 and insulin receptor substrate-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-active protein kinase (IRS/PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway-related proteins.ResultsThe levels of plasma RBP4 in both HUA patients and HUA rat models were significantly higher than that in the control groups. The level of plasma RBP4 was positively correlated with plasma uric acid, creatinine, fasting insulin, IR index, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with HUA. In HUA rats, the level of plasma RBP4 was positively correlated with plasma uric acid, IR index, and triglycerides. HUA rats also exhibited IR. After inhibition of RBP4 expression, the phosphorylation levels of the IRS/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were increased, and IR was significantly improved.ConclusionHUA induced IR both in vitro and in vivo. RBP4 may be involved in HUA-induced IR by inhibiting IRS/PI3K/Akt phosphorylation. Our findings may provide a new insight for the treatment of IR caused by HUA.
Investigation Into the Predictive Potential of Three-Dimensional Ultrasonographic Placental Volume and Vascular Indices in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Han Zhenyan , Zhang Yuan , Li Xuelan , Chiu Wei-Hsiu , Yin Yuzhu , Hou Hongying 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe use of ultrasonography in pregnancies complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can vary according to clinical practice. This study aims to compare the changes of placental volume (PV) and vascular indices measured by three-dimensional (3D) Power Doppler between pregnant women with and without GDM.Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective study of singleton pregnancies who took the early nuchal translucency examination from January 2018 to September 2019. Data on PV and vascular indices including vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI) between pregnant women with and without GDM were measured by 3D Power Doppler ultrasound machine. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression determined the association between risk factors and GDM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of different parameters for GDM.ResultsOf the 141 pregnant women enrolled, 35 developed GDM and 106 did not. The maternal age and gravida in the GDM group were significantly higher than that in the non-GDM group. The PV, VI, FI, and VFI in the GDM group were significantly lower than that in the non-GDM group. There were no significant differences in other clinical parameters between the two groups. After adjustments in multivariate logistic regression analysis, significant differences were observed in VI [odds ratio (OR) = 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.951–1.002], FI (OR = 0.93, 955 CI: 0.86–1.00), and VFI (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.52–0.87). ROC analysis indicated that the combination of maternal age, gravida, PV, and VFI was more accurate as a marker for detecting GDM than the PV, VI, FI, or VFI alone.ConclusionsThe 3D ultrasonography results suggest that PV and vascular indices (VI, FI, and VFI) during the first trimester may serve as potential markers for GDM diagnosis. The combination of maternal age, gravida, and sonographic markers may have good diagnostic values for GDM, which should be confirmed by further investigations.
The Pandemic as a Rupture that Follows Rules: Comparing Governance Responses in India, USA, Sweden and Norway
Authors: Sareen Siddharth , Nielsen Kenneth Bo , Oskarsson Patrik , Remme Devyn 
Published: June 2021

How a country responds to a rupture such as the COVID-19 pandemic can be revelatory of its governance. Governance entails not only the exercise but also the constitution of authority. The pandemic response thus presents a real-world disruption to verify or problematize some truisms about national governance and produce novel comparisons and insights. We present a comparative analysis across four established democratic nation-states. First, we identify concerns of relevance for national pandemic responses and map them to state characteristics. Next, we conduct thematic analyses of recent ruptures in India, the United States, Sweden and Norway, to form a baseline of truisms about governance responses to frontier moments such as this pandemic, and hypothesize their relative propensities across the concerns. We then compile comparative data on emergent pandemic responses during the first 90 days of respective, temporally proximate outbreaks. This combination enables us to link response characteristics to national propensities across the relevant concerns. We identify similarities and differences between what the pandemic responses reveal and the truisms of scholarship about the four countries state characteristics. We argue that ruptures in democratic governance contexts embody temporally discontiguous and country-specific patterns. They are conjunctures of particular possibilities for bounded reconfiguration. Such reconfiguration can intensify or shift the course of what the state is becoming. We argue that in our cases it accelerates shifts to authoritarianism (India and the United States), raises stark questions of national identity (Norway and Sweden) and underscores tensions between the reemergence of welfare states and the global project of neoliberalism. By revealing what sort of rules show resurgence across ruptures, our comparative analysis deepens a timely understanding of punctuated politics of reconfiguration of authority.
Reversal of the CD8+ T-Cell Exhaustion Induced by Chronic HIV-1 Infection Through Combined Blockade of the Adenosine and PD-1 Pathways
Authors: Li Jing , Huang Hui-Huang , Tu Bo , Zhou Ming-Ju , Hu Wei , Fu Yu-Long , Li Xiao-Yu , Yang Tao , Song Jin-Wen , Fan Xing , Jiao Yan-Mei , Xu Ruo-Nan , Zhang Ji-Yuan , Zhou Chun-Bao , Yuan Jin-Hong , Zhen Cheng , Shi Ming , Wang Fu-Sheng , Zhang Chao 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundTargeting immune checkpoints for HIV treatment potentially provides a double benefit resulting from the ability to restore viral-specific CD8+ T-cell functions and enhance HIV production from reservoir cells. Despite promising pre-clinical data, PD-1 blockade alone in HIV-1-infected patients with advanced cancer has shown limited benefits in controlling HIV, suggesting the need for additional targets beyond PD-1. CD39 and PD-1 are highly co-expressed on CD8+ T cells in HIV-1 infection. However, the characteristics of CD39 and PD-1 dual-positive CD8+ T-cell subsets in chronic HIV-1 infection remain poorly understood.MethodsThis study enrolled 72 HIV-1-infected patients, including 40 treatment naïve and 32 ART patients. A total of 11 healthy individuals were included as controls. Different subsets of CD8+ T cells defined by CD39 and/or PD-1 expression were studied by flow cytometry. The relationships between the frequencies of the different subsets and parameters indicating HIV-1 disease progression were analyzed. Functional (i.e., cytokine secretion, viral inhibition) assays were performed to evaluate the impact of the blockade of adenosine and/or PD-1 signaling on CD8+ T cells.ResultsThe proportions of PD-1+, CD39+, and PD-1+CD39+ CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in treatment naïve patients but were partially lowered in patients on antiretroviral therapy. In treatment naïve patients, the proportions of PD-1+CD39+ CD8+ T cells were negatively correlated with CD4+ T-cell counts and the CD4/CD8 ratio, and were positively correlated with viral load. CD39+CD8+ T cells expressed high levels of the A2A adenosine receptor and were more sensitive to 2-chloroadenosine-mediated functional inhibition than their CD39- counterparts. In vitro, a combination of blocking CD39/adenosine and PD-1 signaling showed a synergic effect in restoring CD8+ T-cell function, as evidenced by enhanced abilities to secrete functional cytokines and to kill autologous reservoir cells.ConclusionIn patients with chronic HIV-1 infection there are increased frequencies of PD-1+, CD39+, and PD-1+CD39+ CD8+ T cells. In treatment naïve patients, the frequencies of PD-1+CD39+ CD8+ T cells are negatively correlated with CD4+ T-cell counts and the CD4/CD8 ratio and positively correlated with viral load. Combined blockade of CD39/adenosine and PD-1 signaling in vitro may exert a synergistic effect in restoring CD8+ T-cell function in HIV-1-infected patients.
Lactylation, a Novel Metabolic Reprogramming Code: Current Status and Prospects
Authors: Chen An-Na , Luo Yan , Yang Yu-Han , Fu Jian-Tao , Geng Xiu-Mei , Shi Jun-Ping , Yang Jin 
Published: June 2021

Lactate is an end product of glycolysis. As a critical energy source for mitochondrial respiration, lactate also acts as a precursor of gluconeogenesis and a signaling molecule. We briefly summarize emerging concepts regarding lactate metabolism, such as the lactate shuttle, lactate homeostasis, and lactate-microenvironment interaction. Accumulating evidence indicates that lactate-mediated reprogramming of immune cells and enhancement of cellular plasticity contribute to establishing disease-specific immunity status. However, the mechanisms by which changes in lactate states influence the establishment of diverse functional adaptive states are largely uncharacterized. Posttranslational histone modifications create a code that functions as a key sensor of metabolism and are responsible for transducing metabolic changes into stable gene expression patterns. In this review, we describe the recent advances in a novel lactate-induced histone modification, histone lysine lactylation. These observations support the idea that epigenetic reprogramming-linked lactate input is related to disease state outputs, such as cancer progression and drug resistance.
Genomic Investigation of Infantile and Childhood Epileptic Encephalopathies in Kazakhstan: An Urgent Priority
Authors: Jaxybayeva Altynshash , Nauryzbayeva Alissa , Khamzina Assem , Takhanova Meruert , Abilhadirova Assel , Rybalko Anastasia , Jamanbekova Kymbat 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Infantile and childhood epileptic encephalopathies are a group of severe epilepsies that begin within the first year of life and often portend increased morbidity. Many of them are genetically determined. The medical strategy for their management depends on the genetic cause. There are no facilities for genetic testing of children in Kazakhstan but we have a collection of data with already defined genes responsible for clinical presentations.Methods: We analyzed children with epileptic encephalopathies that began in the first 3 years of life and were accompanied by a delay/arrest of intellectual development, in the absence of structural changes in the brain. Such patients were recommended to undergo genetic testing using epileptic genetic panels in laboratories in different countries.Results: We observed 350 infants with clinical presentation of epileptic encephalopathies. 4.3% of them followed our recommendations and underwent genetic testing privately. In total 12/15 children became eligible for targeted treatment, 3/15 were likely to have non-epileptic stereotypies/movements, 2/15 were unlikely to respond to any therapy and all had a high chance of intellectual disability, behavioral and social communication disorders.Conclusion: The genetic results of 15/350 (4.3% of patients) have demonstrated the potential and enormous impact from gene panel analysis in management of epileptic encephalopathy. Availability of genetic testing within the country will improve management of children with genetic epilepsies and help to create a local database of pathogenic variants.