bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population colonization history influences behavioral responses of European starlings in personality tests
Authors: Rodriguez Alexandra , Hausberger Martine , Le Quilliec Patricia , Clergeau Philippe , Henry Laurence 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo understand the processes involved in biological invasions, the genetic, morphological, physiological and behavioral characteristics of invasive populations need to be understood.Many invasive species have been reported to be flying species. In birds, both invaders and migrants encounter novel situations, therefore one could expect that both groups might react similarly to novelty.Here we analyzed the behavioral responses of individuals from three populations of European starlingSturnus vulgaris: a population settled for centuries in a rural region, a population that recently colonized an urban area, and a population of winter migrant birds. We conducted a social isolation test, a novel environment test, a novel food test and a novel object test to explore their reactions towards novelty. We identified and characterized different behavioral profiles for each test.The group of migratory adults appeared to be less anxious in social isolation than the group of urban young. Urban and migrant groups entered the novel environment sooner than rural birds. Shy, bold and intermediate individuals were observed in all three groups when presented with novel food. Finally, the proportion of shy individuals which did not touch the novel object was higher than the proportion of bold individuals in the rural group. Our study emphasizes that neophilia or boldness present in migrant and invasive populations may facilitate the occupation of novel habitats. Our analysis also suggests that mixed reactions of neophobia ensure behavioral flexibility in a gregarious invasive species.Significant statementIn this paper, we show that an invasive species like European starling,Sturnus vulgaris, presents an important flexibility in neophobia and in reaction towards social isolation. These variations depend on the settlement history of populationseven when the birds had been wild-caught as nestlings and hand-raised in standard conditions. This is significant because it highlights possible scenarios of colonization processes.We believe that this manuscript is appropriate for publication by Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology because it places individuals’ behavior in the core mechanisms of an ecological phenomenom as biological invasions. Our manuscript enlarges the paradigms related to the ways of coping with novelty in animals.This manuscript has not been published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
Age- and sex-related topological organisation of human brain functional networks and their relationship to cognition
Authors: Foo Heidi , Thalamuthu Anbupalam , Jiang Jiyang , Koch Forrest , Mather Karen A. , Wen Wei , Sachdev Perminder S. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAge and sex associated with changes in functional brain network topology and cognition in large population of older adults have been poorly understood. We explored this question further by examining differences in 11 resting-state graph theory measures with respect to age, sex, and their relationships with cognitive performance in 17,127 UK Biobank participants (mean=62.83±7.41 years).METHODSBrain connectivity toolbox was used to derive the graph theory measures that assessed network integration, segregation, and strength. Multiple linear regression was performed the relationship between age, sex, cognition, and network measures. Subsequently, multivariate analysis was done to further examine the joint effect of the network measures on cognitive functions.RESULTSAge was associated with an overall decrease in the effectiveness of network communication (i.e. integration) and loss of functional specialisation (i.e. segregation) of specific brain regions. Sex differences were also observed, with women showing more efficient networks which were less segregated than in men (FDR adjusted p<.05). Age-related changes were also more apparent in men than women, which suggests that men may be more vulnerable to cognitive decline with age. Interestingly, while network segregation and strength of limbic network were only nominally associated with cognitive performance, the network measures collectively were significantly associated with cognition (FDR adjusted p≤.002). This may imply that individual measures may be inadequate to capture much of the variance in neural activity or its output and need further refinement.CONCLUSIONThe complexity of the functional brain organisation may be shaped by an individual’s age and sex, which ultimately may influence cognitive performance of older adults. Age and sex stratification may be used to inform clinical neuroscience research to identify older adults at risk of cognitive dysfunction.
IQD1 involvement in hormonal signaling and general defense responses againstBotrytis cinerea
Authors: Barda Omer , Levy Maggie 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYIQ Domain 1 (IQD1) is a novel calmodulin-binding protein inA. thaliana, which was found to be a positive regulator of glucosinolate (GS) accumulation and plant defense responses against insects. We demonstrate here that the IQD1 overexpressing line (IQD1OXP) is more resistant also to the necrotrophic fungusBotrytis cinerea, whereas an IQD1 knockout line (iqd1-1) is much more sensitive. Furthermore, we show that IQD1 is upregulated by Jasmonic acid (JA) and downregulated by Salicylic acid (SA). Comparison of whole transcriptome expression betweeniqd1-1and wild type revealed a substantial downregulation of genes involved in plant defense and hormone regulation. Further examination revealed a marked reduction of SA/JA signaling and increase in ethylene signaling genes in theiqd1-1line. Moreover, quantification of SA, JA and abscisic acids inIQD1OXPandiqd1-1lines compared to WT showed a significant reduction in endogenous JA levels in the knockout line simultaneously with increased SA levels. Epistasis relations betweenIQD1OXPand mutants defective in plant-hormone signaling indicated that IQD1 acts upstream or parallel to the hormonal pathways (JA/ET and SA) in defense response againstB. cinereaand in regulating GS accumulation and it is dependent on JAR1 controlling indole glucosinolate accumulation. As a whole, our results suggest that IQD1 is an important defensive protein againstBotrytis cinereainA. thalianaand is integrated into several important pathways such as plant microbe perception and hormone signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIQD1 is involved in glucosinolate accumulation and in general defense responses. JA activates IQD1 that acts upstream or parallel to JA/ET and SA signaling pathway while controlling glucosinolate accumulation and defense againstBotrytis cinereaand it is dependent on JAR1 controlling indole glucosinolate accumulation.
The evolutionary origins of primate scleral coloration
Authors: Mearing Alex S. , Burkart Judith M. , Dunn Jacob , Street Sally E. , Koops Kathelijne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrimate gaze following behaviors are of great interest to evolutionary scientists studying social cognition. The ability of an organism to determine a conspecific’s likely intentions from their gaze direction may confer an advantage to individuals in a social group. This advantage could be cooperative and/or competitive. Humans are unusual in possessing depigmented sclerae whereas most other extant primates, including the closely related chimpanzee, possess dark scleral pigment. The origins of divergent scleral morphologies are currently unclear, though human white sclerae are often assumed to underlie our hyper-cooperative behaviors. Here, we use phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) analyses with previously generated species-level scores of proactive prosociality, social tolerance (both n=15 primate species), and conspecific lethal aggression (n=108 primate species) to provide the first quantitative, comparative test of three complementary hypotheses. The cooperative eye [M. Tomasello, B. Hare, H. Lehmann, J. Call, J. Hum. Evol. 52, 314–320 (2007)] and self-domestication [B. Hare, Annu. Rev. Psychol. 68, 155-186 (2017)] explanations predict white sclerae to be associated with cooperative, rather than competitive, environments. The gaze camouflage hypothesis [H. Kobayashi, S. Kohshima, J. Hum. Evol. 40, 419-435 (2001)] predicts that dark scleral pigment functions as gaze direction camouflage in competitive social environments. We show that white sclerae in primates are associated with increased cooperative behaviors whereas dark sclerae are associated with reduced cooperative behaviors and increased intra-specific lethal aggression. Our results lend support to all three hypotheses of scleral evolution, suggesting that primate scleral morphologies evolve in relation to variation in social environment.
Study on corrosion fatigue behavior and mechanism of 6005A aluminum alloy and welded joint
Authors: Sun Xiaoguang , Xu Xuexu , Wang Zihan , Liu Zhiyong 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the corrosion fatigue behavior and mechanism of 6005A aluminum alloy and welded joint.

Design/methodology/approach
Electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) were adopted to characterize the microstructure of 6005A aluminum alloy and welded joint. Through potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and corrosion fatigue experiments, the corrosion fatigue behavior and mechanism of 6005A aluminum alloy base metal and welded joint were studied.

Findings
The results show that the corrosion fatigue crack initiation of 6005A aluminum alloy base metal and welded joint is mainly caused by the preferential anodic dissolution and hydrogen concentration in the areas with inclusions and welding defects.

Originality/value
The research is an originality study on the corrosion fatigue behavior and mechanism of 6005A aluminum alloy and welded joint.
Failure analysis of a commercially pure titanium tube in an air conditioner condenser
Authors: Li Zhong , Yang Xiaojia , Liu Jing , Liu Zhiyong , Li Xiaogang , Tingting Yan 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the failure reasons and failure mechanism of the commercially pure titanium air conditioning condenser.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, chemical analysis, metallographic observation, visual examination and scanning electron microscope examination, corrosion products analysis and working conditions analysis were adopted for determining the reasons for the failure of the condenser.FindingsThe results indicated that TA2 titanium pipe perforation failure is caused by the synergistic effect of crevice corrosion and deposit corrosion. The corrosion processes can be divided into three steps.Originality/valueThis research is an originality study on the failure case of a commercially pure titanium air conditioning condenser. This study makes up for the shortage of titanium alloy failure cases and also gives the result of the failure reason and failure mechanism for titanium, which has an engineering significance.
Investigations of improved cooling effectiveness for ramp film cooling with compound angle film cooling jets
Authors: Vasu Devan Nair Girija Kumari Krishna Anand , Kanjikoil Mahali Parammasivam 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the film cooling effectiveness (FCE) and mixing flow characteristics of the flat surface ramp model integrated with a compound angled film cooling jet.

Design/methodology/approach
Three-dimensional numerical simulation is performed on a flat surface ramp model with Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes approach using a finite volume solver. The tested model has a fixed ramp angle of 24° and a ramp width of two times the diameter of the film cooling hole. The coolant air is injected at 30° along the freestream direction. Three different film hole compound angles oriented to freestream direction at 0°, 90° and 180° were investigated for their performance on-ramp film cooling. The tested blowing ratios (BRs) are in the range of 0.9–2.0.

Findings
The film hole oriented at a compound angle of 180° has improved the area-averaged FCE on the ramp test surface by 86.74% at a mid-BR of 1.4% and 318.75% at higher BRs of 2.0. The 180° film hole compound angle has also produced higher local and spanwise averaged FCE on the ramp test surface.

Originality/value
According to the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to investigate the ramp film cooling with a compound angle film cooling hole. The improved ramp model with a 180° film hole compound angle can be effectively applied for the end-wall surfaces of gas turbine film cooling.
Studying the deployment of high-lift devices by using dynamic immersed boundaries
Authors: Capizzano Francesco , Sucipto Triyantono 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to describe a research effort towards the comprehension of the unsteady phenomena due to the deployment of high-lift devices at approach/landing conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
The work starts from a preexisting platform based on an immersed boundary (IB) method whose capabilities are extended to study compressible and viscous flows around moving/deforming objects. A hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian approach is designed to consider the motion of multiple bodies through a fixed Cartesian mesh. That is, the cells’ volumes do not move in space but rather they observe the solid walls crossing themselves. A dynamic discrete forcing makes use of a moving least-square procedure which has been validated by simulating well-known benchmarks available for rigid body motions. Partitioned fluid-structure interactions (FSI) strategies are explored to consider aeroelastic phenomena. A shared platform, between the aerodynamic and the structural solvers, fulfils the loads’ transfer and drives the sequence of the operating steps.

Findings
The first part of the results is devoted to a basic two-dimensional study aiming at evaluating the accuracy of the method when simple rigid motions are prescribed. Afterwards, the paper discusses the solution obtained when applying the dynamic IB method to the rigid deployment of a Krueger-flap. The final section discusses the aeroelastic behaviour of a three-element airfoil during its deployment phase. A loose FSI coupling is applied for estimating the possible loads’ downgrade.

Research limitations/implications
The IB surfaces are allowed to move less than one IB-cell size at each time-step de-facto restricting the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) based on the wall velocity to be smaller than unity. The violation of this constraint would impair the explicit character of the method.

Practical implications
The proposed method improves automation in FSI numerical analysis and relaxes the human expertise/effort for meshing the computational domain around complex three-dimensional geometries. The logical consequence is an overall speed-up of the simulation process.

Originality/value
The value of the paper consists in demonstrating the applicability of dynamic IB techniques for studying high-lift devices. In particular, the proposed Cartesian method does not want to compete with body-conforming ones whose accuracy remains generally superior. Rather, the merit of this research is to propose a fast and automatic simulation system as a viable alternative to classic multi-block structured, chimaera or unstructured tools.
Applications of multi-agent systems from the perspective of construction management: A literature review
Authors: Xiang Liqun , Tan Yongtao , Shen Geoffrey , Jin Xin 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe applications of multi-agent systems (MASs) are considered to be among the most promising paradigms for detailed investigations and reliable problem-solving methods, and MAS applications make it possible for researchers and practitioners to better understand complex systems. Although a number of prior studies have been conducted to address complex issues that arise from construction projects, few studies have summarised the applications and discussed the capacity of MASs from the perspective of construction management. To fill the gap, this paper provides a comprehensive literature review of MAS applications from the perspective of construction management.Design/methodology/approachWeb of Science and Scopus are the most commonly used international databases in conducting the literature reviews. A total of 86 relevant papers published in SCI-Expanded, SSCI and Ei Compendex journals related to the application of MASs from the perspective of construction management are selected to be analysed and discussed in this paper.FindingsBased on the 86 collected publications, the utilisations of MASs to support the management of the supply chain and the improvement of project performance are identified from the perspective of construction management, the characteristics and barriers of current MAS applications are analysed, a framework for developing agent-based models to address complex problems is proposed, and future research directions of MAS applications are discussed.Originality/valueThis review can serve as a useful reference for scholars to enhance their understanding of the current research and guide future research on MASs. The proposed framework can help build agent-based models to address complex problems in construction management.
Rhetorically speaking: on white preservice teachers’ failure to imagine an anti-racist English education
Authors: Toliver S.R. , Hadley Heidi 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to identify how white preservice teachers’ inability to imagine an equitable space for Black and Brown children contributes to the ubiquity of whiteness in English education. Further, the authors contend that the preservice teachers’ responses mirror how the larger field of English education fails to imagine Black and Brown life.

Design/methodology/approach
Using abolitionist teaching as a guide, the authors use reflexive thematic analysis to examine the rhetorical moves their preservice teachers made to defer responsibility for anti-racist teaching.

Findings
The findings show preservice teachers’ rhetorical moves across three themes: failure to imagine Black and Brown humanity, failure to imagine a connection between theory and practice, and failure to imagine curriculum and schooling beyond whiteness.

Originality/value
By highlighting how preservice teachers fail to imagine spaces for Black and Brown youth, this study offers another pathway through which teacher educators, teachers and English education programs can assist their faculty and students in activating their imaginations in the pursuit of anti-racist, abolitionist teaching.
An inquiry into the achievements in health outcomes of Bangladesh: role of health expenditure, income, governance and female education
Authors: Sultana Tahmina , Ahmed Faroque , Tareque Mohammad 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Bangladesh is applauded for its achievement in various health and social outcomes though criticized for its failure in properly dealing with governance issues. The purpose of this paper is intends to see how the health outcomes (in case of life expectancy, under-five mortality and adolescent fertility) are impacted by health expenditure (both public and private), per capita income in presence of overall governance and female education. This paper assumes that rapid progress in female education reflects the Bangladeshis’ social responsiveness to change.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses autoregressive distributed lag technique to estimate the models with data ranges from 1990 to 2016 under two different scenarios.

Findings
This study has found that all the explanatory variables exert significant impact on health outcomes. Furthermore, public health expenditure is augmented with a composite governance issue, and this enhances robustness as well as statistical significance of the models. These suggest that the governance issues play a very crucial role to achieve the expected health outcomes. Female secondary enrolment ratio appears with improved coefficients in terms of sign and magnitude for all the health indicators.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the existing literature showing econometric evidence that highlights the importance of governance and female education in improving health outcomes of Bangladesh apart from health expenditure and per capita gross domestic product.
Synergistic lubrication effect of antioxidant and low content ZDDP on PFPE grease
Authors: Qi Penghao , Wang Shijian , Li Jing , Li Yue , Dong Guangneng 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to reduce the use of Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP) and improve the frictional properties and thermal oxidation stability of Perfluoropolyether (PFPE) grease by adding antioxidant additives. The addition of antioxidants can reduce the consumption of ZDDP as an antioxidant, thus improving the anti-wear efficiency of ZDDP and reducing the excess phosphorus element in the grease.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, an antioxidant with good comprehensive performance was selected from several antioxidants by tribological tests and high-temperature tests. Then, the effect of its combination additive with ZDDP on PFPE grease was investigated. The anti-wear property, anti-friction property, thermal oxidation stability and extreme pressure property of greases containing different proportions of ZDDP and antioxidant were tested by four-ball tester and synchronous thermal analyzer (STA). The effects of additives on properties of grease were analyzed by SEM, EDS, LSCM, XPS and FT-IR.

Findings
The research shows that 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) can be used as an antioxidant in combined additives to reduce the antioxidant reactions of ZDDP, thus improving the anti-wear efficiency of ZDDP and further enhancing the anti-wear performance of the grease. Moreover, BHT and ZDDP have a synergistic effect on the high temperature performance of the PFPE grease due to their different antioxidant mechanisms.

Social implications
In this paper, the problems related to PFPE grease are studied, which has a certain guiding effect on the industrial application of fluorine grease and the related formulation design.

Originality/value
In this paper, the properties of PFPE grease under different lubricating condition were studied. The synergistic lubrication effect of antioxidant and ZDDP are discussed. It provides experimental and theoretical support for reducing the content of ZDDP and improving the performance of additives.