bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid Loading Therapy to Prevent Spinal Hypotension in Women Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section: Network Meta-analysis, Trial Sequential Analysis and Meta-regression
Authors: Rijs K. , Mercier F.J. , Lucas D.N. , Rossaint R. , Klimek M. , Heesen M. 
Published: August 2021

(Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2020;37:1126–1142)
Up to 80% of women experience hypotension after spinal anesthesia without prophylaxis for cesarean delivery (CD). The recommended approach to prevent hypotension is a phenylephrine infusion at the time of spinal anesthesia. Fluid-loading strategies can also play a part in maintaining hemodynamic stability. While some meta-analyses exist on the use of fluid therapy to prevent hypotension due to spinal anesthesia, it is unclear whether these studies had sufficient power to draw conclusions. The aim of this study was to employ network meta-analysis with trial sequence analysis and meta-regression to determine the optimal fluid-loading strategy to prevent hypotension due to spinal anesthesia in elective CDs.
Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Compared With Wound Infiltration for Postoperative Analgesia Following Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Sultan P. , Patel S.D. , Jadin S. , Carvalho B. , Halpern S.H. 
Published: August 2021

(Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth. 2020;67:1710–1727)
Multimodal analgesia including long-acting neuraxial opioids is the first choice for postoperative analgesia after cesarean delivery (CD). When contraindications to neuraxial anesthesia are present or long-acting opioids are omitted, then post-CD analgesia may consist of local anesthetic techniques, such as transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks or wound infiltration (WI). These techniques have been shown to reduce pain scores and opioid requirements following CD, but studies comparing the two have had conflicting results. In this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA), the analgesic efficacy and side effects of TAP blocks were compared to WI following CD in the absence of long-acting neuraxial opioids.
Breathing for 2
Authors: Rudder M. , Russo M. , Ventetuolo C.E. 
Published: August 2021

(N Engl J Med. 2021;384:61–68)
This feature contained details about 1 patient’s case, with a clinician’s commentary interspersed throughout. The case was that of a 29-year-old woman at 26 weeks gestation with undifferentiated connective tissue disease, presenting with cough, and shortness of breath.
Association of Social Media Use on Sleep Quality and Performance Among Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Watkins Rhonda A. , Sugimoto Dai , Hunt Danielle , Oldham Jessie , Cacolice Paul A. , Stracciolini Andrea 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
(1) To examine the effect of social media (SM) use on sleep quality and (2) to determine the effect of SM on competition performance among college athletes.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Two local Division III colleges, MA, USA.

Participants:
National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III swim and track and field athletes.

Intervention:
Data were collected onsite through an SM use form, the lifestyle survey, and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbance Questionnaire. Participants were divided into 3 groups based on their SM volume: (1) less active SM users (≤2 h/d), (2) moderately active SM users (>2-≤5 h/d), and (3) active SM users (>5 h/d) for analysis.

Main Outcome Measures:
Sleep quality and sport performance data collected through publicly available competition results. The independent variable, SM volume (hours of SM use per day over 7 days), was collected using the iPhone screen time function.

Results:
The cohort consisted of 40 male track and field athletes and 47 female track and field (37, 79%) and swimming (10, 21%) athletes. Mean SM use was 4.6 ± 3.4 h/d. The sleep quality of active SM users was worse than less active SM users (P = 0.033). There was an independent association between increased Facebook time and poor performance after adjusting confounders (adjusted odds ratio: 0.990, 95% confidence interval: 0.981-0.999, P = 0.049).

Conclusions:
High SM use has a negative impact on sleep quality and may hinder competition performance among college athletes. These findings may have implications for developing SM use guidelines for college athletes to improve their sleep quality and performance.
Does Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Define the Glioma Extracellular Metabolome?
Authors: Riviere-cazaux Cecile , Carlstrom Lucas P. , Rajani Karishma , Munoz-casabella Amanda , Rahman Masum , Gharibi-Loron Ali , Brown Desmond A. , Miller Kai J , White Jaclyn J. , Himes Benjamin T. , Jusue-Torres Ignacio , Ikram Samar , Ransom Seth , Hirte Renee , Oh Ju-Hee , Elmquist William F. , Sarkaria Jann N. , Vaubel Rachael A. , Rodriguez Moses , Warrington Arthur , Kizilbash Sani H. , Burns Terry C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe extracellular microenvironment modulates cancer behavior. Although radiographic contrast enhancement is an ominous finding in gliomas, it remains unclear if the associated blood-brain barrier disruption merely reflects or functionally supports tumor aggressiveness.MethodsWe utilized intra-operative microdialysis to sample the extracellular metabolome of radiographically diverse regions during fifteen neurosurgical resections. The global extracellular metabolome of recovered microdialysate was evaluated via ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and assessed using enrichment and correlation analyses.ResultsAmong 162 named metabolites identified via ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, guanidinoacetate (GAA), was 126.32x higher in enhancing tumor than in adjacent brain. 48 additional metabolites were 2.05-10.18x more abundant in enhancing tumor than brain. With exception of GAA, and 2-HG in IDH-mutant gliomas, differences between non-enhancing tumor and brain microdialysate were comparatively modest and less consistent. The enhancing but not the non-enhancing glioma metabolome was significantly enriched for plasma-associated metabolites largely comprising amino acids and carnitines.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that metabolite diffusion through a disrupted blood-brain barrier may largely define the enhancing extracellular glioma metabolome. Future studies are needed to determine how the altered extracellular metabolome impacts glioma behavior.
Comparison of Object Detection Approaches Applied to Field Images of Papanicolaou Stained Cytology Slides
Authors: Victória Matias André , Cerentini Allan , Buschetto Macarini Luiz Antonio , Atkinson Amorim João Gustavo , Daltoé Felipe Perozzo , von Wangenheim Aldo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPapanicolaou is an inexpensive and non-invasive method, generally applied to detect cervical cancer, that can also be useful to detect cancer on oral cavities. Although oral cancer is considered a global health issue with 350.000 people diagnosed over a year it can successfully be treated if diagnosed at early stages. The manual process of analyzing cells to detect abnormalities is time-consuming and subject to variations in perceptions from different professionals. To evaluate a possible solution to the automation of this process, in this paper we employ the object detection deep learning approach in the analysis of this type of image using 3 models: RetinaNet, Faster R-CNN, and Mask R-CNN. We trained and tested the models using images from 6 cytology slides (4 cancer cases and 2 healthy samples) and our results show that Mask R-CNN was the best model for localization and classification of nuclei with an IoU of 0.51 and recall of abnormal nuclei of 0.67.
How Strong Is a Mother’s Love? Exploring the Mediating Role of Mother-Child Relationship Quality on the Link between Child Abuse Experiences and Adult Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration
Authors: Yin Shuya , McLay Molly M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeIntimate partner violence (IPV) has detrimental effects on individuals’ physical and mental health. Intergenerational violence transmission theory posits that child abuse (CA) is an important determinant of later IPV perpetration due to socially learned aggression and expectations of violence in romantic relationships. However, less research exists on family protective factors like the mother-child relationship, the strength of which may mediate this link. The present study explored the association between mother-child relationships, child abuse, and adult IPV perpetration—specifically, whether mother–child relationship quality mediated the effects on the link between child abuse and later IPV.MethodsThis study analyzed data from individuals who completed Waves I and Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N=3718 respondents). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to investigate mediation dynamics between CA, mother-child relationship, and adult IPV perpetration.ResultsStructural equation model fit the data well (CFI = .918, RMSEA = .051 [.045, .057]). The mediation model revealed that the direct effect of childhood abuse on IPV was .067 (p<.001), while the indirect effect of childhood abuse on IPV (i.e., the effect operating through the mother-child relationship) was .005 (p<.001).ConclusionsWhile CA remains a significant risk factor for adult IPV perpetration, findings suggest that high-quality mother-child relationships may have a buffering effect and aid in preventing intergenerational violence transmission. Continued efforts to research, fund, and implement interventions that build healthy family dynamics are needed to support traumatized children into adulthood and end intergenerational violence.
Mapping the human corticoreticular pathway with multimodal delineation of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus and high-resolution diffusion tractography
Authors: Boyne Pierce , DiFrancesco Mark , Awosika Oluwole O. , Williamson Brady , Vannest Jennifer 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThe corticoreticular pathway (CRP) is a major motor tract that provides volitional input to the reticular formation motor nuclei and may be an important mediator of motor recovery after central nervous system damage. However, its cortical origins, trajectory and laterality are incompletely understood in humans. This study aimed to map the human CRP and generate an average CRP template in standard MRI space. Following recently established guidelines, we manually delineated the primary reticular formation motor nucleus (gigantocellular reticular nucleus [GRN]) using several group-mean MRI contrasts from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). CRP tractography was then performed with HCP diffusion-weighted MRI data (N=1,065) by selecting diffusion streamlines that reached both the frontal cortex and GRN. Corticospinal tract (CST) tractography was also performed for comparison. Results suggest that the human CRP has widespread origins, which overlap with the CST across most of the motor cortex and include additional exclusive inputs from the medial and anterior prefrontal cortices. The estimated CRP projected through the anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule before partially decussating in the midbrain tegmentum and converging bilaterally on the pontomedullary reticular formation. Thus, the CRP trajectory appears to partially overlap the CST, while being more distributed and anteromedial to the CST in the cerebrum before moving posterior to the CST in the brainstem. These findings have important implications for neurophysiologic testing, cortical stimulation and movement recovery after brain lesions. We expect that our GRN and tract maps will also facilitate future CRP research.HIGHLIGHTSThe corticoreticular pathway (CRP) is a major tract with poorly known human anatomyWe mapped the human CRP with diffusion tractography led by postmortem & animal dataThe CRP appears to originate from most of the motor cortices and further anteriorThe estimated CRP had distributed and bilateral projections to the brainstemThese findings have important implications for motor recovery after brain lesions
Effectiveness of surface-based North Atlantic right whale detection methods for vessel strike mitigation
Authors: Baille Loïcka M.R. , Zitterbart Daniel P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIncreasing commercial and recreational use of the world’s ocean leads to growing concerns on vessel and marine mammal encounters. For endangered species, like the North Atlantic right whale (NARW), vessel strikes can be responsible for the majority of the recorded deaths. Reducing the number of vessel strikes is key to improve North Atlantic right whale protection and a number of mitigation methods have been proposed and implemented. In this manuscript, we developed an agent-based model to assess the effectiveness of surface-based whale detection methods for vessel strike mitigation. We find that the effectiveness of such systems varies highly depending on the vessel’s speed and maneuverability. We also find that if vessel-based whale detection systems are used in conjunction with other mitigation measures such as general speed restrictions, they can be very effective and could lead to a significant decrease in vessel strikes when deployed at a large-scale.
Neural Correlates and Functional Cognitive Maps in Breast Cancer Survivors Receiving Different Chemotherapy Regimens; a QEEG/HEG – based Investigation
Authors: Gharamaleki Maryam Vasaghi , Mousavi Seyedeh Zahra , Owrangi Maryam , Gholamzadeh Mohammad Javad , Kamali Ali-Mohammad , Dehghani Mehdi , Chakrabarti Prasun , Nami Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPost-chemotherapy cognitive impairment commonly known as “chemobrain” or “chemofog” is a well-established clinical disorder affecting various cognitive domains including attention, visuospatial working memory, executive function, etc. Although several studies have confirmed the chemobrain in recent years, scant experiments have evaluated the potential neurotoxicity of different chemotherapy regimens and agents. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the extent of attention deficits, one of the commonly affected cognitive domains, among breast cancer patients treated with different chemotherapy regimens through neuroimaging techniques.MethodsBreast cancer patients treated with two commonly prescribed chemotherapy regimens, AC-T and TAC, and healthy volunteers were recruited. Near-infrared hemoencephalography (nirHEG) and quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) assessments were recorded for each participant at rest and during task performance to compare the functional cortical changes associated with each chemotherapy regimen.ResultsThe qEEG analysis revealed increased power of high alpha/low beta or sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) frequency in left fronto-centro-parietal regions involved in dorsal and ventral attention networks (DAN and VAN) in the AC-T-treated group comparing to the TAC and control group. The AC-T group also had the highest current source density (CSD) values in DAN and VAN-related centers in 10 and 15 Hz associated with the lowest Z-scored FFT coherence in the mentioned regions.ConclusionsThe mentioned findings revealed increased cognitive workload and lack of cognitive ease in breast cancer patients treated with the AC-T regimen proposing the presumable neurotoxic sequelae of this chemotherapy regimen in comparison with the TAC regimen.
Explant analysis of Utah electrode arrays implanted in human cortex for brain-computer-interfaces
Authors: Woeppel Kevin , Hughes Christopher , Herrera Angelica J. , Eles James , Tyler-Kabara Elizabeth C. , Gaunt Robert A. , Collinger Jennifer L. , Cui Xinyan Tracy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBrain-computer interfaces are being developed to restore movement for people living with paralysis due to injury or disease. Although the therapeutic potential is great, long-term stability of the interface is critical for widespread clinical implementation. While many factors can affect recording and stimulation performance including electrode material stability and host tissue reaction, these factors have not been investigated in human implants. In this clinical study, we sought to characterize the material integrity and biological tissue encapsulation via explant analysis in an effort to identify factors that influence electrophysiological performance.We examined a total of six Utah arrays explanted from two human participants involved in intracortical BCI studies. Two Pt arrays were implanted for 980 days in one participant (P1) and two Pt and two iridium oxide (IrOx) arrays were implanted for 182 days in the second participant (P2). We observed that the recording quality followed a similar trend in all 6 arrays with an initial increase in peak-to-peak voltage during the first 30-40 days and gradual decline thereafter in P1.Using optical and two-photon microscopy (TPM) we observed a higher degree of tissue encapsulation on both arrays implanted for longer durations in participant P1. We then used scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to assess material degradation. All measures of material degradation for the Pt arrays were found to be more prominent in the participant with a longer implantation time. Two IrOx arrays were subjected to brief survey stimulations, and one of these arrays showed loss of iridium from majority of the stimulated sites. Recording performance appeared to be unaffected by this loss of iridium, suggesting that the adhesion of IrOx coating may have been compromised by the stimulation, but the metal layer did not detach until or after array removal.In summary, both tissue encapsulation and material degradation were more pronounced in the arrays that were implanted for a longer duration. Additionally, these arrays also had lower signal amplitude and impedance. New biomaterial strategies that minimize fibrotic encapsulation and enhance material stability should be developed to achieve high quality recording and stimulation for longer implantation periods.
Dose-effect relationship of ginger interposed moxibustion for allergic rhinitis: study protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled and parallel clinical trial
Authors: Wen Yunfan , Wang Wen , Ni Yingna , Gui Yeqiao , Hu Zhihai , Wang Yi , Han Mengke , Zhang Dongmin , Shu Shi , Zhou Shuang 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionAllergic rhinitis has a severe impact on patients’ life quality, and the incidence rate keeps increasing. Moxibustion is widely used for treating allergic rhinitis, and quantity is the basis of moxibustion efficacy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the different quantities of moxibustion and the efficacy of moxibustion in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. This study may be conductive to the standardization of moxibustion and furnish the mechanism of dose-effect relationship of moxibustion with data and new ideas.Methods and analysisThis randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial will include 33 patients with allergic rhinitis who will be randomly assigned into three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio: high-dose moxibustion group, low-dose moxibustion group and sham moxibustion control group. All groups will be treated once every other day, 20 days for one treatment course. And the patients will receive treatment for 2 courses with an interval of 2 days between courses. We will conduct a follow-up 30 days later after completion of treatments. The primary outcome measure is Total Nasal Symptom Score, carried out at baseline, 3, 6 and 10 weeks. Secondary outcome measure is Rhino Conjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire, carried out at baseline, 6 and 10 weeks.Ethics and disseminationThis trail has been approved by the IRB of Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of TCM. The results of the trial will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100050373; Pre-results.Strengths and limitations of this studyA randomised, placebo-controlled and parallel clinical trial will be conducted to test if ginger interposed moxibustion would have curative effect on allergic rhinitis and reveal the preliminary dose-effect relationship of moxibustion.This study will set high-dose moxibustion group and low-dose moxibustion group to test if more quantities of ginger interposed moxibustion would achieve better therapeutic effects on allergic rhinitis.Further study should be carried out to test if the curative effect of ginger interposed moxibustion would be positively correlated with the quantities.
Poly(A) tail length is a major regulator of maternal gene expression during the mammalian oocyte-to-embryo transition
Authors: Liu Yusheng , Nie Hu , Zhang Chuanxin , Hou Zhenzhen , Wang Jiaqiang , Lu Falong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTranscription is silent during the mammalian oocyte-to-embryo transition (OET) until zygotic genome activation (ZGA). Therefore, the OET relies on post-transcriptional regulation of maternal mRNA, among which poly(A) tail lengths have been found to regulate translation for a small number of genes1–3. However, transcriptome-wide poly(A) tail length dynamics and their role in gene expression during the mammalian OET remain unknown. Here, we quantified transcriptome-wide mRNA poly(A) tail length dynamics during the mammalian OET using PAIso-seq1 and PAIso-seq24,5, two methods with different underlying principles that preserve the poly(A) tail information. We revealed that poly(A) tail length was highly dynamic during the mouse OET, and Btg4 is responsible for global maternal mRNA deadenylation. We found that the poly(A) tail length positively associated with translational efficiency transcriptome-wide in mouse oocytes. In addition, genes with different alternative polyadenylation isoforms show longer poly(A) tails for isoforms with distal polyadenylation sites compared to those with proximal polyadenylation sites in mouse, rat, pig and human oocytes after meiotic resumption, which is not seen in cultured cell lines. Surprisingly, mammalian embryos, namely mouse, rat, pig, and human embryos, all experience highly conserved global mRNA re-polyadenylation after fertilization, providing molecular evidence that the early embryo development before ZGA is driven by re-polyadenylated maternal mRNAs rather than newly transcribed mRNAs. Together, our study reveals the conserved mRNA poly(A) tail length landscape. This resource can be used for exploring spatiotemporal post-transcriptional regulation throughout the mammalian OET.
Disruption of the grid cell network in a mouse model of early Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ying Johnson , Keinath Alexandra T. , Lavoie Raphael , Vigneault Erika , Mestikawy Salah El , Brandon Mark P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEarly-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is marked by an aggressive buildup of amyloid beta (Aβ) proteins, yet the neural circuit operations impacted during the initial stages of Aβ pathogenesis remain elusive. Here, we report a coding impairment of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) grid cell network in a transgenic mouse model of familial AD that over-expresses Aβ throughout the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Grid cells showed reduced spatial periodicity, spatial stability, and synchrony with interneurons and head-direction cells. In contrast, the spatial coding of non-grid cells within the MEC, and place cells within the hippocampus, remained intact. Grid cell deficits emerged at the earliest incidence of Aβ fibril deposition and coincided with impaired spatial memory performance in a path integration task. These results demonstrate that widespread Aβ-mediated damage to the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit results in an early impairment of the entorhinal grid cell network.