bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health study of 11,800 workers under occupational noise in Xinjiang
Authors: Zhao Shiyu , He Dongkui , Zhang Hanwei , Hou Tingting , Yang Chengxin , Ding Wen , He Ping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
We investigated the health status of some workers exposed to occupational noise in Xinjiang, and explored the influencing factors of their health level. We aimed to determine the key protection groups of occupational noise hazards, which might provide the basis for the development of targeted noise prevention measures.

Methods
We used descriptive analysis to investigate a total of 11,800 participants who underwent occupational health examination in Xinjiang Occupational Disease Prevention Hospital.

Results
The hearing abnormality rate of noise exposure participants was 8.03%, which was higher in males than females (χ2 = 54.507, p < 0.05). The abnormal rate of high-frequency hearing threshold in Xinjiang minorities was lower than in Han nationality (χ2 = 11.780, p < 0.05), while the results of the electrocardiogram were reversed (χ2 = 9.128, p < 0.05). Differences in abnormal rates of blood pressure (χ2 = 149.734, p < 0.05), hearing (χ2 = 231.203, p < 0.05), and physical examination (χ2 = 360.609, p < 0.05) are statistically significant in different industries. The abnormal rates of blood pressure (χ2 = 67.416, p < 0.05) and hearing (χ2 = 49.535, p < 0.05) gradually decrease with the expansion of the enterprise scale. Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, nationality, age, enterprise size, and industry were closely related to pure tone audiometry examination abnormal rate.

Conclusion
Workers of male, elder, in mine and small/medium enterprises should be the key populations to prevent occupational noise hazard. It is necessary to standardize occupational health management in enterprises, which helps to improve workers’ self-protection awareness and quality of life.
Domestic violence and abuse related emergency room visits in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Singhal Sonica , Orr Sarah , Singh Harkirat , Shanmuganantha Menaka , Manson Heather 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Hospitals’ emergency rooms (ERs) are generally the first point of contact of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) victims to the health care system. For efficient management and resource allocation for ERs to manage DVA-related emergencies in Canada, it is important to quantify and assess the pattern of these visits.

Methods
Aggregate DVA-related ER visits data, using relevant ICD-10-CA codes, from 2012 to 2016 were retrieved from IntelliHealth Ontario. The 2011 ON-Marg (Ontario Marginalization) indices were linked at the Dissemination Area level to ER data. Descriptive analyses including total number and rate of visits per 100,000 people were calculated, stratified by age and sex. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were also assessed.

Results
From 2012 to 2016, 10,935 (81.2% by females and 18.8% by males) DVA-related visits were made to ERs in Ontario. An annual average of 25.5 visits per 100,000 females and 6.1 visits per 100,000 males was observed. Residential instability and deprivation were significant predictors of DVA-related ER visits. No particular site of injury was indicated in 38.5% of visits, 24.7% presented with cranio-maxillofacial (CMF) trauma in isolation, 28.9% presented with non-CMF injuries, and 7.9% visits presented with both CMF and non-CMF injuries.

Conclusion
This study identified that the burden of DVA-related ER visits is large enough to warrant timely public health interventions, and observed that certain populations in Ontario experience more DVA and/or are more prone to its impact. Our findings have important implications for various stakeholders involved in planning and implementing relevant policies and programs.
Immunohistochemical analysis of ADAMTS-1, versican and pEGFR expressions in periapical granuloma and radicular cyst
Authors: Batista Nádia Marielly Gomes , de Moraes Antonia Taiane Lopes , Balbinot Karolyny Martins , de Souza Neto Osvaldo Rodrigues , da Silva Brandão Juliana Melo , da Silva kataoka Maria Sueli , de Melo Alves Júnior Sérgio , de Jesus Viana Pinheiro João 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
ADAMTS expression can be associated with several inflammatory processes, and has been correlated with tumorigenesis of some neoplasms, but its participation in the development of periapical lesions has not been investigated. Therefore, our objective was to verify the expression of ADAMTS-1, versican and pEGFR in Periapical Granuloma (PG) and in the Radicular Cyst (RC) since they are the most common lesions of the periapex.

Methods
25 samples of RC and 10 of PG were used. As a control, 10 samples of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) and 10 of dental follicle (DF) were used. The expression of these proteins was investigated using immunohistochemistry.

Results
In the epithelium of RC, IFH and DF, the expression of ADAMTS-1 was greater in DF than in RC (p < .001). Versicano showed greater expression in IFH than in RC, DF than in RC (p < .001). pEGFR showed greater expression in IFH and RC than in DF (p < .01 and p < .05, respectively). In connective tissue, ADAMTS-1 expression was greater in PG and RC than in IFH and DF (p < .001). Versicano showed greater expression in PG, RC and IFH compared to DF (p < .001). In pEGFR there was a higher expression in PG when compared to RC, IFH and DF (p < .001). Greater immunostaining occurred in the RC than in the DF (p < .001).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the studied proteins may participate in the pathogenesis of PG and RC, through the interaction of these proteins, in the remodeling of the ECM (versican) by ADAMTS-1, producing bioactive fragments, which could activate EGFR, contributing to the formation, growth and maintenance of injuries.
ApoE4 (Δ272–299) induces mitochondrial‐associated membrane formation and mitochondrial impairment by enhancing GRP75-modulated mitochondrial calcium overload in neuron
Authors: Liang Tao , Hang Weijian , Chen Jiehui , Wu Yue , Wen Bin , Xu Kai , Ding Bingbing , Chen Juan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) is a major genetic risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease. Its C-terminal-truncated apoE4 (Δ272–299) has neurotoxicity by affecting mitochondrial respiratory function. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the action of apoE4 (Δ272–299) in mitochondrial function remain poorly understood.

Methods
The impact of neuronal apoE4 (Δ272–299) expression on ER stress, mitochondrial-associated membrane (MAM) formation, GRP75, calcium transport and mitochondrial impairment was determined in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the importance of ER stress or GRP75 activity in the apoE4 (Δ272–299)-promoted mitochondrial dysfunction in neuron was investigated.

Results
Neuronal apoE4 (Δ272–299) expression induced mitochondrial impairment by inducing ER stress and mitochondrial-associated membrane (MAM) formation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, apoE4 (Δ272–299) expression promoted GRP75 expression, mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium transport into the mitochondria in neuron, which were significantly mitigated by treatment with PBA (an inhibitor of ER stress), MKT077 (a specific GRP75 inhibitor) or GRP75 silencing.

Conclusions
ApoE4 (Δ272–299) significantly impaired neuron mitochondrial function by triggering ER stress, up-regulating GRP75 expression to increase MAM formation, and mitochondrial calcium overload. Our findings may provide new insights into the neurotoxicity of apoE4 (Δ272–299) against mitochondrial function and uncover new therapeutic targets for the intervention of Alzheimer’s disease.
Comparison of age‐dependent alterations in thioredoxin 2 and thioredoxin reductase 2 expressions in hippocampi between mice and rats
Authors: Yoo Yeon Ho , Kim Dae Won , Chen Bai Hui , Sim Hyejin , Kim Bora , Lee Jae-Chul , Ahn Ji Hyeon , Park Yoonsoo , Cho Jun Hwi , Kang Il Jun , Won Moo-Ho , Lee Tae-Kyeong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Aging is one of major causes triggering neurophysiological changes in many brain substructures, including the hippocampus, which has a major role in learning and memory. Thioredoxin (Trx) is a class of small redox proteins. Among the Trx family, Trx2 plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential and is controlled by TrxR2. Hitherto, age-dependent alterations in Trx2 and TrxR2 in aged hippocampi have been poorly investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine changes in Trx2 and TrxR2 in mouse and rat hippocampi by age and to compare their differences between mice and rats.

Results
Trx2 and TrxR2 levels using Western blots in mice were the highest at young age and gradually reduced with time, showing that no significant differences in the levels were found between the two subfields. In rats, however, their expression levels were the lowest at young age and gradually increased with time. Nevertheless, there were no differences in cellular distribution and morphology in their hippocampi when it was observed by cresyl violet staining. In addition, both Trx2 and TrxR2 immunoreactivities in the CA1-3 fields were mainly shown in pyramidal cells (principal cells), showing that their immunoreactivities were altered like changes in their protein levels.

Conclusions
Our current findings suggest that Trx2 and TrxR2 expressions in the brain may be different according to brain regions, age and species. Therefore, further studies are needed to examine the reasons of the differences of Trx2 and TrxR2 expressions in the hippocampus between mice and rats.
Development of bracelet type for vessel navigator using near-infrared ray
Authors: Seok Kim Bong 
Published: March 2021

Background/Objectives: Bruises on skin or bent in blood vessel and needle stick might occur when a newly graduated nursewho is a poorly trained stuck the needle into wrong spot instead of blood vessel due to poor visibility of fat patients as well as young childrenMethods/Statistical analysisDevelopment of product design for vein finder with a bracelet form using near-infrared ray and securement of not only certificate authority for the device through the possible application of test progress in actual environment but product test specification.Findings: This study is a vessel finding device through near-infrared ray technology. Technology development for various kind of applied products which is able to give first aid to a first-aid patient will be able to be expected. Having technology in convergence field of industry in case of upgrade development of beam projection method which is directly project the back of the hand will be considered to occupy an advantageous position.Improvements/Applications: It is expected the device to be a good opportunity to invigorate related research and development for optimizing performance in medical device industry even though poor R&D domestic environment
An Evaluation Framework of Trust Aware Recommender System
Authors: Masrom S. , Khairuddin N. , Abdul Rahman A. , Azizan A. , S.A. Rahman A. 
Published: March 2021

To date, there exists a variety of prediction approaches have been used in recommender systems. Among the widely known approaches are Content Based Filtering (CBF) and Collaborative Filtering (CF). Based on literatures, CF with users rating element has been widely used but the approach faced two common problems namely cold start and sparsity. As an alternative, Trust Aware Recommender Systems (TARS) for the CF based users rating has been introduced. The research progress on TARS improvement is found to be rapidly progressing but lacking in the algorithm evaluation has been started to appear. Many researchers that introduced their new TARS approach provides different evaluation of users’ views for the TARS performances. As a result, the performances of different TARS from different publications are not comparable and difficult to be analyzed. Therefore, this paper is written with objective to provide common group of the users’ views based on trusted users in TARS. Then, this paper demonstrates a comparison study between different TARS techniques with the identified common groups by means of the accuracy error, rating and users coverage. The results therefore provide a relative comparison between different TARS.
The Effect of Spraying Boron and Seaweed Extracts (kelpak) on Vegetative Growth Characteristics and Concentration of Some Medically Active Substances for Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon Citratus L.)
Authors: Nazar Hasan Mohammed , . . 
Published: March 2021

This study includes the effect of spraying boron and seaweed extracts kelpak in the vegetative growth characteristics and concentration of some medically active substances for lemongrass plant. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with three replications. The Medians treatments have compared using Duncan’s test with multi limits at 5% possibility. The results arrived at can be summed up as follows. Discriminate treatment (B1K1) the highest rate of number of leaves (9.61 leave/plant) and the highest rate in plant height (134.14 cm), compared with comparison transaction ( B0K0 ) it gave the lowest rate for the number of leaves and less height of the plants. While the treatment giving overlap (B2K2) the highest moral value Percentage of dry matter for total vegetative (24.00) and the highest rate of percentage of dry matter for total root (33.00) and the highest rate of leaves area (168.08 cm2/leave) and the highest total chlorophyll concentration (35.18 SPAD) Compared with the least in comparison transaction ( B0K0 ) that gave less rate in percentage of dry matter for total vegetative and root and the less total chlorophyll concentration. Influenced treatment (B1K1) in the concentrations of the activeA substances to give it the highest concentrations of Myrcene (3.47 mg/gm) and Citral (28.01 mg/gm) and Limonene (42.72 mg/gm) and Geraniol (38.42 mg/gm) compared to the rest of the other transactions, while the lower concentrations of these in the treatment comparison ( B0K0).
Design of Box Culvert in Iraqi Highways Considering Catchment Areas
Authors: Adil Jasim Nidaa , . . 
Published: March 2021

In Iraq, the infrastructures are developing rapidly, so it is necessary to consider the hydrology of the developed catchment before constructing any drainage facilities such as culvert to prevent traffic disruption during rain. In this study, sizing of box culvert for highways in Iraq is proposed using rational method for determination of peak runoff from small catchment (less than 3 km2). Rainfall depth was used to derive the intensity duration frequency curve, and then the rainfall intensity was found. However, soil conservation service curve number (SCS-CN) was used in the estimation of peak runoff from catchment with size ranging from 3 to less than 30 km2 using the soil classification and the curve number. HY-8 computer software was used for sizing square and circular sections. Circular sections were also calculated. The appropriate sizes for square sections in large basins are 3 m to 4 m and 2 m to 2.9 m for more than 114 m3/s and 32 m3/s respectively, but for circular sections, diameters were 4.1m, from 3 m to 3.8 m and from 2.5 m to 2.9 m under flow rates more than 160 m3/s, 68 m3/s and 25 m3/s respectively. However, for small basins, square sections sizes were 3m to 3.1m and 2 m to 2.7 m for flow rates more than 23 m3/s and 8 m3/s respectively. Diameters for circular sections were 3 m to 3.2 m and 2 m to 2.9 m under flow rates 23 m3/ s and 8 m3/s respectively.
Combustion and gasification characteristics of low-temperature pyrolytic semi-coke prepared through atmosphere rich in CH4 and H2
Authors: She Yuan , Zou Chong , Liu Shiwei , Wu Keng , Wu Hao , Ma Hongzhou , Shi Ruimeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thermoanalysis was used in this research to produce a comparative study on the combustion and gasification characteristics of semi-coke prepared under pyrolytic atmospheres rich in CH4 and H2 at different proportions. Distinctions of different semi-coke in terms of carbon chemical structure, functional groups, and micropore structure were examined. The results indicated that adding some reducing gases during pyrolysis could inhibit semi-coke reactivity, the inhibitory effect of the composite gas of H2 and CH4 was the most observable, and the effect of H2 was higher than that of CH4; moreover, increasing the proportion of reducing gas increased its inhibitory effect. X-ray diffractometer and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer results indicated that adding reducing gases in the atmosphere elevated the disordering degree of carbon microcrystalline structures, boosted the removal of hydroxyl- and oxygen-containing functional groups, decreased the unsaturated side chains, and improved condensation degree of macromolecular networks. The nitrogen adsorption experiment revealed that the types of pore structure of semi-coke are mainly micropore and mesopore, and the influence of pyrolytic atmosphere on micropores was not of strong regularity but could inhibit mesopore development. Aromatic lamellar stack height of semi-coke, specific surface area of mesopore, and pore volume had a favorable linear correlation with semi-coke reactivity indexes.
The upper central series of the maximal normal 𝑝-subgroup of a group of automorphisms
Authors: Aviño Maria Alicia , Schultz Phill , Zyman Marcos 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Let 𝐺 be a bounded abelian 𝑝-group, with automorphism group

Aut
⁡

(
G
)

\operatorname{Aut}(G)

.
Whenever 𝐺 satisfies certain conditions, we determine the upper central series and nilpotency class of the maximal normal 𝑝-subgroup of

Aut
⁡

(
G
)

\operatorname{Aut}(G)

.
Patienten aus Nord- und Subsahara-Afrika im baden-württembergischen Maßregelvollzug
Authors: Bergmann Josefine , Fontao María Isabel , Bulla Jan , Ross Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Patienten mit nordafrikanischem und subsaharischem Migrationshintergrund sind im Vergleich zu ihrem Anteil an der Allgemeinbevölkerung im baden-württembergischen Maßregelvollzug überrepräsentiert. Internationale Studien legen nahe, dass Migranten mit sichtbarem Minderheitenstatus und von der Bevölkerungsmehrheit abweichender Ethnizität ein höheres Risiko haben, an psychotischen Störungen zu erkranken. Zu den psychosozialen Erklärungsansätzen gehören soziale Benachteiligung und geringe ethnische Dichte. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden nach Paragraph 63 StGB untergebrachte Patienten aus Nord- und Subsahara-Afrika (N = 71) untersucht, um Anhaltspunkte für die Erklärung der hohen Zuweisungsraten zu finden. Zwei Vergleichsgruppen aus westeuropäischen (N = 73) und kasachischen (N = 32) Patienten wurden ausgewählt. Die afrikanischen Patienten hatten signifikant weniger abgeschlossene Berufsausbildungen und waren zum Zeitpunkt der Straftat häufiger obdachlos. Außerdem war der Anteil der F20.0 Diagnosen signifikant höher (87 %). In Bezug auf die psychiatrische und kriminologische Vorgeschichte, Alter bei Erstdelinquenz und Abhängigkeitsstörungen wurden keine Unterschiede gefunden. Diskutiert wird die Rolle migrationsbedingter sozialer Benachteiligung für die hohen Psychose-Raten in einigen Migrantengruppen. Ferner werden potenzielle Wege für Gewaltdelinquenz betrachtet. Die Relevanz kultursensibler Prävention und Intervention wird in Anbetracht der steigenden Zahlen von Migranten aus den untersuchten Regionen betont.
Creación de un plan para aumentar los índices de adopción digital en los canales de una institución financiera
Authors: De La Ossa Paternina Carlos David 
Published: March 2021

Hay una tendencia mundial en digitalización de servicios, el sector financiero es de los que está sufriendo mayores transformaciones. El afloramiento de las Fintech ha venido aportando de gran manera a la evolución hacia las soluciones en el celular. Es imprescindible que se adopte este camino para garantizar la permanencia en el mercado en unos años. Acorde a lo anterior, el Banco Amigo en Colombia ha emprendido un proyecto ambicioso de transformación digital, invirtiendo en el desarrollo de la banca móvil para potencializar su oferta e ir acorde a los requerimientos de la población, que busca tener a la mano una solución fácil, sencilla y confiable de los servicios financieros. Los canales digitales representan una gran oportunidad en la industria financiera, sus costos son realmente muy bajos comparados con las oficinas físicas, adicionalmente permiten operaciones y trámites al instante para que los clientes eviten desplazamientos, papeleos y tiempos en fila o frente a un asesor; por tal razón la banca móvil se convierte en una necesidad y no en una elección. Todo el impulso en diseño e integración de las ofertas en las Apps del Banco no ha logrado la adopción digital esperada entre los usuarios, se ha evidenciado que el 60 % de sus clientes activos ingresan a los canales digitales (Banco Amigo, 2019). Para que los esfuerzos e inversiones del Banco Amigo destinados a la transformación digital no sean despreciados, este trabajo ofrece una solución que impulsa la adopción de los desarrollos y cambios tecnológicos implementados. En primera instancia, se realiza una investigación a través de encuestas y de un modelo analítico para identificar las barreras y limitaciones de los clientes que no hacen uso de los canales digitales. Con la información recolectada, la segunda parte se enfoca en la creación de estrategias en pro de acompañar a los clientes en la adopción de la forma en que ellos lo esperan. Con la solución al problema de adopción del Banco propuesta en el presente, se logra aumentar el porcentaje de usuarios que ingresan y hacen sus transacciones en los canales digitales. Con el plan construído, los clientes tendrán comunicaciones específicas y contundentes basadas en lo que quieren y necesitan acorde a los resultados de las encuestas y modelo análitico. Como consecuencia de cumplir con las metas de adopción de los canales digitales, se disminuye el manejo del efectivo y se tiene todo el conocimiento transaccional de los clientes para monitorear sus operaciones y prevenir de manera proactiva los fraudes, incrementando la seguridad del Banco y por consiguiente mejorando la satisfacción de los usuarios. Adicionalmente, se contribuye a solucionar una problemática social de nuestro país, reducir el lavado de activos y evasión de impuestos. De igual forma, en las solicitudes de productos y transacciones digitales no se exigen papeles, lo cual repercute en la tendencia mundial de preservar el medio ambiente.
Binary surrogate endpoints in clinical trials from the perspective of case definitions
Authors: Hahn Andreas , Podbielski Andreas , Heimesaat Markus M. , Frickmann Hagen , Warnke Philipp 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionSurrogate endpoints are widely used in clinical trials, especially in situations where the endpoint of interest is not directly observable or to avoid long trial periods. A typical example for this case is frequently found in clinical trials in oncology, where overall survival (OS) as endpoint of interest and progression free survival (PFS) as surrogate endpoint are discriminated.MethodsBased on the perspective of case definitions on surrogate endpoints, we provide a formal definition of such endpoints followed by a description of the structure of surrogate endpoints.ResultsSurrogate endpoints can be considered as case definitions for the endpoint of interest. Therefore, the performance of surrogate endpoints can be described using the classical terminology of diagnostic tests including sensitivity and specificity. Since such endpoints always focus on sensitivity with necessarily reduced specificity, efficacy estimates based on such endpoints are in general biased.ConclusionThe abovementioned has to be taken into account while interpreting the results of clinical trials and should not be ignored while planning or conducting a study.