bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoeconomic analysis of a modified jaggery making plant
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Mahesh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractJaggery is manufactured by continuous heating of sugarcane juice in an open pan of traditional plants. The lack of technological advancements in these plants leads to high bagasse consumption and low thermal efficiency. In the present study, a modified two‐pan jaggery manufacturing plant has been fabricated, tested, and evaluated. This plant has a modified gutter pan with internal fitting of copper tubes to enhance the rate of heat supply from hot flue gases to the bulk sugarcane juice during its preheating. An automatic fuel feeding system has also been implemented to optimize the rate of bagasse supply in the furnace. Experiments were performed with the same input and output operating parameters (mass, density, and temperature of sugarcane juice). From the analysis of experimental data, it is observed that the modified plant has a high thermal efficiency of 72.34%, low bagasse consumption of 1.39 kg/kg of jaggery produced, and good rate of jaggery production of 0.61 kg/min. The actual results have been compared with theoretical values and are found in well agreement. The unit cost for jaggery production and payback period of the plant were found to be 0.45 $/kg and 1.24 years, respectively. The experimental errors have also been evaluated.
Fabrication of hybrid scaffolds obtained from combinations of PCL with gelatin or collagen via electrospinning for skeletal muscle tissue engineering
Authors: Perez‐Puyana Victor , Wieringa Paul , Yuste Yaiza , de la Portilla Fernando , Guererro Antonio , Romero Alberto , Moroni Lorenzo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe creation of skeletal muscle tissue in vitro is a major topic of interest today in the field of biomedical research, due to the lack of treatments for muscle loss due to traumatic accidents or disease. For this reason, the intrinsic properties of nanofibrillar structures to promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and cell alignment presents an attractive tool for regenerative medicine to recreate organized tissues such as muscle. Electrospinning is one of the processing techniques often used for the fabrication of these nanofibrous structures and the combination of synthetic and natural polymers is often required to achieve optimal mechanical and physiochemical properties. Here, polycaprolactone (PCL) is selected as a synthetic polymer used for the fabrication of scaffolds, and the effect of protein addition on the final scaffolds' properties is studied. Collagen and gelatin were the proteins selected and two different concentrations were analyzed (2 and 4 wt/vol%). Different PCL/protein systems were prepared, and a structural, mechanical and functional characterization was performed. The influence of fiber alignment on the properties of the final scaffolds was assessed through morphological, mechanical and biological evaluations. A bioreactor was used to promote cell proliferation and differentiation within the scaffolds. The results revealed that protein addition produced a decrease in the fiber size of the membranes, an increase in their hydrophilicity, and a softening of their mechanical properties. The biological study showed the ability of the selected systems to harbor cells, allow their growth and, potentially, develop musculoskeletal tissues.
Are liberal men not abusive toward their wives? Evidence from rural Bangladesh
Authors: Dey Shilpi R. , Rupa Israt J. , Habib Tanzima Z. , Karim Rabiul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGender ideology has widely been discussed in the explanation of wife abuse. However, how men's gender ideology influences wife abuse is quite overlooked in Bangladeshi context. This study examined how various types of gender ideology among men are associated with wife abuse in Bangladesh. It included 342 married men randomly selected from 5 villages. Negative binomial regression was employed to predict the incidence‐rate ratio of wife abuse. Of the sample, 55.0% maintained traditional, 31.3% transitional, and 13.7% liberal gender ideologies. On average, the men perpetrated 6.10 abusive acts in a year. Data showed that the rates of overall wife abuse among liberal men were 41% and 48% lower than the traditional and transitional men, respectively. Liberal men also perpetrated less emotional, physical, and sexual abuses than both traditional and transitional men. The study shows that the promotion of liberal gender ideology among men is important for preventing wife abuse. Men should be targeted by diverse violence prevention interventions for enhancing gender equality attitudes. Though the study has provided novel findings in a Bangladeshi context, it was entirely based on male data. Future studies should examine both men's and women's views on the issues.
Peroral targeting of drug micro or nanocarriers to sites beyond the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Zhang Zichen , Qi Jianping , Lu Yi , Wu Wei , Yuan Hailong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTargeted delivery of drug micro or nanocarriers has been attained via parenteral routes, especially the intravenous route. Conventionally, oral targeting refers to site‐specific delivery and triggered drug release at local sites within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), or targeting to the enteric epithelia through ligand‐receptor or transporter interactions. Beyond that barrier, the concept of peroral targeting has not been clarified. Nevertheless, this is possible as long as drug carriers are able to be absorbed into the systemic circulation intact. Recent findings on in vivo translocation of drug micro or nanocarriers shed light on potential peroral targeting to remote sites beyond the GIT. Sequential processes of penetration across the enteric epithelia, transportation via the lymphatics and ultimate convergence with the systemic circulation are involved in the underlying mechanisms. The microfold cell (M cell) pathway plays a leading role in breaking through the enteric epithelial barrier. Accumulating evidence confirms primary targeting of a series of lipid and polymeric micro or nanocarriers to organs and tissues of the mononuclear phagocyte systems (MPS), such as the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. The total amount of lymph‐bound particles could reach 8%, as evidenced by quantification of glucan microparticles that specifically bind M cell. Migration or translocation of micro or nanocarrier‐bearing macrophages attains secondary targeting of the engulfed micro or nanocarriers to distant sites far beyond the MPS. The current findings foresee a probability of targeting to sites beyond the GIT. However, the content of exposure of micro or nanocarriers at target sites and potential therapeutic or diagnostic promises are yet to be unraveled.
The relationship between the nursing practice environment and five nursing‐sensitive patient outcomes in acute care hospitals: A systematic review
Authors: Al‐ghraiybah Tamer , Sim Jenny , Lago Luise 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo synthesize the available evidence on the relationship between the nursing practice environment in acute care hospitals and five selected nursing‐sensitive patient outcomes (mortality, medication error, pressure injury, hospital‐acquired infection and patient fall).DesignA quantitative systematic review of literature was conducted using the PRISMA reporting guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42020143104).MethodsA systematic review was undertaken up to October 2020 using: CINAHL, MEDLINE and Scopus. The review included studies exploring the relationship between the nursing practice environment in adult acute care settings and one of five selected patient outcomes using administrative data sources. Studies were published in English since 2000.ResultsTen studies were included. Seven studies reported that a favourable nursing practice environment reduced the likelihood of mortality in acute care hospitals, but estimates of the effect size varied. Evidence on the association between the nursing practice environment and medication administration error, pressure injury and hospital‐acquired infection was mixed.
Numerical simulation of ground‐penetrating radar data for studying the geometry of fault zone
Authors: Bricheva Svetlana S. , Dubrovin Ivan O. , Lunina Oksana V. , Denisenko Ivan A. , Matasov Victor M. , Turova Irina V. , Entin Andrey L. , Panin Andrey V. , Deev Evgeny V. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTPalaeoseismology studies the footprints of ancient earthquakes to improve the knowledge about the modern seismicity of the territory. A ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), among other geophysical methods, is used for quick determination of shallow stratigraphy – displaced, oblique layers within the fault zone. GPR data interpretation from diverse and complex reflection patterns of the fault zone heavily depends on the interpreter's experience. The range of different fault zone parameters in which this method can be successfully applied has not yet been investigated. We used a numerical simulation of GPR data to determine how GPR images the elements of faults (fault plane, hanging wall, footwall) in comparison with other reflections. Furthermore, we studied which parameters have the most significant impact on GPR wave patterns. We performed a series of numerical models of a fault, changing its geometry with increasing complexity from elementary models to realistic ones. The resulting synthetic profiles allowed finding specific GPR signatures from the fault plane, the hanging wall and the footwall. We collected field GPR data from two different fault zones and examined them for verification.
What is going on with Middle Eastern solar prices, and what does it mean for the rest of us?
Authors: Apostoleris Harry , Al Ghaferi Amal , Chiesa Matteo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor the third time in a decade, solar energy pricing records are tumbling in the Persian Gulf. As each previous wave of new records was met with incredulity, only for these prices to become the new normal around the world within a few years, it would be unwise to once again dismiss low prices as unrepresentative outliers. In this study, we show how local conditions and global macroeconomic factors have conspired to bring solar energy into a new regime of extreme affordability in the region and argue that the Gulf market, especially the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, represents the leading edge of the global learning curve and therefore offers a window into the likely near future of large‐scale photovoltaics around the world. As this future increasingly appears to be one of previously unimaginably cheap energy, we conclude with a discussion of the ways in which the region and the world can seek to meet the opportunities and challenges of the coming renewable revolution.
Sustainable development and financial system: IntegratingESGrisks through sustainable investment strategies in a climate change context
Authors: Folqué Maria , Escrig‐Olmedo Elena , Corzo Santamaría Teresa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSustainable Investment funds are one of the most appropriate ways for the financial system to contribute to sustainable development. However, the effective contribution of Sustainable Investment funds can vary widely depending on their management strategy. This paper aims to analyze which strategies or combinations of them allow practitioners to better manage ESG risks in ESG portfolios within a complete framework consistent with global challenges that focus on sustainability and carbon risk scores. To analyze the differences between Sustainable Investment strategies, we adopt a parametric analysis of variance method. We find that, on average, funds that only apply negative filters achieve worse ESG risk scores and show worse carbon risk. In sum, this study contributes with more in‐depth knowledge about the different outcomes in terms of sustainability risks of the different SI strategies.
Scattering amplitudes and simple canonical forms for simple polytopes
Authors: Salvatori Giulio , Stanojevic Stefan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We provide an efficient recursive formula to compute the canonical forms of arbitrary d-dimensional simple polytopes, which are convex polytopes such that every vertex lies precisely on d facets. For illustration purposes, we explicitly derive recursive formulae for the canonical forms of Stokes polytopes, which play a similar role for a theory with quartic interaction as the Associahedron does in planar bi-adjoint ϕ3 theory. As a by-product, our formula also suggests a new way to obtain the full planar amplitude in ϕ4 theory by taking suitable limits of the canonical forms of constituent Stokes polytopes.
Emotionsregulation im Rettungsdienst
Authors: Behnke Alexander , Rojas Roberto , Gärtner Anne 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Rettungsdienstmitarbeiter*innen (RDM) sind wiederholt mit traumatischen Einsatzerlebnissen und chronischem arbeitsbedingtem Stress konfrontiert. Um dieser Belastung standzuhalten, ist die Bewältigung von emotionalem Stress entscheidend. Allerdings ist kaum bekannt, welche Strategien RDM zur Regulation unangenehmer Emotionen einsetzen und wie sich diese Strategien auf das Wohlbefinden und die Gesundheit der RDM auswirken.

Ziel der Arbeit
Wir untersuchten, inwieweit RDM die Emotionsregulationsstrategien Neubewerten, Akzeptanz, Problemlösen, Grübeln (Rumination), Unterdrücken und Vermeiden anwenden und welche Zusammenhänge diese Strategien mit dem Stresserleben, der Arbeitszufriedenheit und der Belastungssymptomatik der RDM zeigen.

Material und Methoden
In einer Querschnittserhebung schätzten 102 RDM zweier südwestdeutscher Rettungswachen anhand standardisierter Fragebogen ihren Emotionsregulationsstil, ihr berufliches Stresserleben, ihre Arbeitszufriedenheit und ihre depressiven, posttraumatischen und körperlichen Belastungssymptome ein.

Ergebnisse
Korrelationsanalysen ergaben, dass die Neigung zu häufigem Grübeln, Vermeiden und Unterdrücken mit höherem Stresserleben, stärkeren Belastungssymptomen und geringerer Arbeitszufriedenheit einhergeht. Die Akzeptanz unangenehmer Gefühle war mit geringeren Belastungssymptomen assoziiert, während Neubewerten und Problemlösen keine Korrelation mit dem Stresserleben, der Zufriedenheit und der Belastungssymptomatik der RDM zeigten.

Diskussion
Unsere Ergebnisse bestätigen die dysfunktionale Rolle von Grübeln, Vermeiden und Unterdrücken für das Wohlbefinden und die Gesundheit in Risikoberufen. Die kontextspezifische Wirksamkeit von Emotionsregulationsstrategien sollte bei der Planung zielgruppenspezifischer Präventionsmaßnahmen stärker berücksichtigt werden.
Generalized olfactory detection of floral volatiles in the highly specialized Greya-Lithophragma nursery pollination system
Authors: Schiestl Florian P. , Wallin Erika A. , Beck John J. , Friberg Magne , Thompson John N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVolatiles are of key importance for host-plant recognition in insects. In the pollination system of Lithophragma flowers and Greya moths, moths are highly specialized on Lithophragma, in which they oviposit and thereby pollinate the flowers. Floral volatiles in Lithophragma are highly variable between species and populations, and moths prefer to oviposit into Lithophragma flowers from populations of the local host species. Here we used gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) to test whether Greya moths detect specific key volatiles or respond broadly to many volatiles of Lithophragma flowers. We also addressed whether olfactory detection in Greya moths varies across populations, consistent with a co-evolutionary scenario. We analyzed flower volatile samples from three different species and five populations of Lithophragma occurring across a 1400 km range in the Western USA, and their sympatric female Greya politella moths. We showed that Greya politella detect a broad range of Lithophragma volatiles, with a total of 23 compounds being EAD active. We chemically identified 15 of these, including the chiral 6, 10, 14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one (hexahydrofarnesyl acetone), which was not previously detected in Lithophragma. All investigated Lithophragma species produced the (6R, 10R)-enantiomer of this compound. We showed that Greya moths detected not only volatiles of their local Lithophragma plants, but also those from allopatric populations/species that they not encounter in local populations. In conclusion, the generalized detection of volatiles and a lack of co-divergence between volatiles and olfactory detection may be of selective advantage for moths in tracking hosts with rapidly evolving, chemically diverse floral volatiles.
Analysis of 13 Alternaria mycotoxins including modified forms in beer
Authors: Scheibenzuber Sophie , Dick Fabian , Asam Stefan , Rychlik Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS method was developed to quantify 13 free and modifiedAlternariatoxins in different beer types by applying a combination of stable-isotope dilution assays (SIDAs) and matrix-matched calibration. With limits of detection (LODs) between 0.03 µg/L (alternariol monomethyl ether, AME) and 5.48 µg/L (altenuene, ALT), limits of quantitation (LOQs) between 0.09 µg/L (AME) and 16.24 µg/L (ALT), and recoveries between 72 and 113%, we obtained a sensitive and reliable method, which also covers the emerging toxins alternariol-3-glucoside (AOH-3-G), alternariol-9-glucoside (AOH-9-G), alternariol monomethyl ether-3-glucoside (AME-3-G) and alternariol-3-sulfate (AOH-3-S) and alternariol monomethylether-3-sulfate (AME-3-S). Furthermore, 50 different beer samples were analyzed, showing no contamination withAlternariatoxins apart from tenuazonic acid (TeA) in concentrations between 0.69 µg/L and 16.5 µg/L. According to this study, the exposure towards TeA through beer consumption can be considered as relatively low, as the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) value of 1500 ng/kg body weight per day might not be reached when consuming reasonable amounts of beer.
“What Gets Measured Gets Done”: Metric Fixation and China’s Experiment in Quantified Judging
Authors: Ng Kwai Hang , Chan Peter C. H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article analyzes the ambitious Case Quality Assessment System (CQAS) that the Supreme People’s Court of China (SPC) promoted during the first half of the 2010s. It offers a case-study of Court J, a grassroots court located in an affluent urban metropolis of China that struggled to come out ahead in the CQAS competition. The article discusses how the SPC quantified judging and the problems created by the metricization process. The CQAS project is analyzed as a case of metric fixation. By identifying the problems that doomed the CQAS, the article points out the challenges facing the authoritarian regime in subjecting good judging to quantitative output standards. The CQAS is a metric that judges judging. It reveals how judging is viewed by the party-state. The article concludes by discussing the legacy of the CQAS. Though it nominally ended in 2014, key indicators that it introduced for supervising judges are still used by the Chinese courts today. The CQAS presaged the growing centralization that the Chinese judicial system is undergoing today. Though the SPC has terminated the tournament-style competition that defined the CQAS, the metric remains the template used to evaluate judging.
Going hard and early: Aotearoa New Zealand's response to Covid-19
Authors: Cumming Jacqueline 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAotearoa New Zealand went ‘hard’ and ‘early’ in its response to COVID-19 and has been highly successful in limiting the spread and impact of the virus. The response has ramped up over time, and has included various levels of: border control; advice on hygiene, physical distancing and mask wearing; advice to remain at home if unwell; and testing and tracing. A four-level Alert Level framework has guided key actions at different levels of risk. Strong leadership from the Prime Minister, Minister of Finance, and Director-General of Health and high levels of community co-operation have supported the response. The country is most vulnerable at its borders, where arrangements have been of concern; advice on testing and the wearing of masks has changed over time; while the use and distribution of personal protective equipment has also been of concern. The country overall was not well prepared for a pandemic, but policy-making has been nimble. Key challenges for 2021 include swiftly rolling out a vaccine, catching up on delayed health care, and deciding how and when the border can reopen. The economic, and associated social, challenges will last many years.
Transglutaminase Type 2 regulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in vertebrates
Authors: Rossin Federica , Costa Roberto , Bordi Matteo , D’Eletto Manuela , Occhigrossi Luca , Farrace Maria Grazia , Barlev Nickolai , Ciccosanti Fabiola , Muccioli Silvia , Chieregato Leonardo , Szabo Ildiko , Fimia Gian Maria , Piacentini Mauro , Leanza Luigi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTG2 is a multifunctional enzyme involved in several cellular processes and has emerging as a potential regulator of gene expression. In this regard, we have recently shown that TG2 is able to activate HSF1, the master transcriptional regulator of the stress‐responsive genes; however, its effect on the overall gene expression remains unclear. To address this point, we analyzed, by RNA-seq, the effect of TG2 on the overall transcriptome as well as we characterized the TG2 interactome in the nucleus. The data obtained from these omics approaches reveal that TG2 markedly influences the overall cellular transcriptome profile and specifically the Wnt and HSF1 pathways. In particular, its ablation leads to a drastic downregulation of many key members of these pathways. Interestingly, we found that key components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway are also downregulated in cells lacking HSF1, thus confirming that TG2 regulates the HSF1 and this axis controls the Wnt signaling. Mechanistic studies revealed that TG2 can regulate the Wnt pathway by physically interacts with β-catenin and its nuclear interactome includes several proteins known to be involved in the regulation of the Wnt signaling. In order to verify whether this effect is playing a role in vivo, we ablated TG2 in Danio rerio. Our data show that the zebrafish lacking TG2 cannot complete the development and their death is associated with an evident downregulation of the Wnt pathway and a defective heat-shock response. Our findings show for the first time that TG2 is essential for the correct embryonal development of lower vertebrates, and its action is mediated by the Wnt/HSF1 axis.
Trauma-induced regulation of VHP-1 modulates the cellular response to mechanical stress
Authors: Egge Nathan , Arneaud Sonja L. B. , Fonseca Rene Solano , Zuurbier Kielen R. , McClendon Jacob , Douglas Peter M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMechanical stimuli initiate adaptive signal transduction pathways, yet exceeding the cellular capacity to withstand physical stress results in death. The molecular mechanisms underlying trauma-induced degeneration remain unclear. In the nematode C. elegans, we have developed a method to study cellular degeneration in response to mechanical stress caused by blunt force trauma. Herein, we report that physical injury activates the c-Jun kinase, KGB-1, which modulates response elements through the AP-1 transcriptional complex. Among these, we have identified a dual-specificity MAPK phosphatase, VHP-1, as a stress-inducible modulator of neurodegeneration. VHP-1 regulates the transcriptional response to mechanical stress and is itself attenuated by KGB-1-mediated inactivation of a deubiquitinase, MATH-33, and proteasomal degradation. Together, we describe an uncharacterized stress response pathway in C. elegans and identify transcriptional and post-translational components comprising a feedback loop on Jun kinase and phosphatase activity.