bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial metabolism as a potential therapeutic target in myeloid leukaemia
Authors: de Beauchamp Lucie , Himonas Ekaterini , Helgason G. Vignir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile the understanding of the genomic aberrations that underpin chronic and acute myeloid leukaemia (CML and AML) has allowed the development of therapies for these diseases, limitations remain. These become apparent when looking at the frequency of treatment resistance leading to disease relapse in leukaemia patients. Key questions regarding the fundamental biology of the leukaemic cells, such as their metabolic dependencies, are still unresolved. Even though a majority of leukaemic cells are killed during initial treatment, persistent leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) and therapy-resistant cells are still not eradicated with current treatments, due to various mechanisms that may contribute to therapy resistance, including cellular metabolic adaptations. In fact, recent studies have shown that LSCs and treatment-resistant cells are dependent on mitochondrial metabolism, hence rendering them sensitive to inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). As a result, rewired energy metabolism in leukaemic cells is now considered an attractive therapeutic target and the significance of this process is increasingly being recognised in various haematological malignancies. Therefore, identifying and targeting aberrant metabolism in drug-resistant leukaemic cells is an imperative and a relevant strategy for the development of new therapeutic options in leukaemia. In this review, we present a detailed overview of the most recent studies that present experimental evidence on how leukaemic cells can metabolically rewire, more specifically the importance of OXPHOS in LSCs and treatment-resistant cells, and the current drugs available to target this process. We highlight that uncovering specific energy metabolism dependencies will guide the identification of new and more targeted therapeutic strategies for myeloid leukaemia.
Ultrapure green light emission in one-dimensional hybrid lead perovskites: achieving recommendation 2020 standard
Authors: Jing Chang-Qing , Liu Qi-Long , Zhao Cheng-Hao , Zhao Yan-Yu , Yue Cheng-Yang , Lei Xiao-Wu 
Published: September 2021

New 1D halide of [TMPDA]2Pb3Br10 displays a sharp green light emission at 526 nm with FWHM of 25 nm, PLQY of 71.95% and color purity of 91.1%, which achieves the Rec. 2020 standard, and represents the purest green light emitting 1D halide up to date.
Neue Entwicklungen in der Diagnostik und Therapie der metabolisch assoziierten, nicht-alkoholischen Fettlebererkrankung
Authors: Föh Bandik , Sayk Friedhelm , Marquardt Jens U 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungMetabolisch assoziierte, nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankungen (NAFLD) sind ein zunehmendes Gesundheitsproblem und ein wichtiger Einflussfaktor sowohl für die hepatische als auch für die kardiovaskuläre und metabolische Mortalität. Die über die letzten Jahrzehnte rasch zunehmende Prävalenz des metabolischen Syndroms und insbesondere der Adipositas in der westlichen Welt ist die Hauptursache für diesen deutlichen Anstieg der NAFLD und ihrer Folgeerscheinungen ‚nicht-alkoholische Steatohepatitis‘ (NASH) mit ‚NASH-Fibrose‘ und Übergang in eine ‚NASH-Zirrhose‘. Die Pathogenese der NAFLD beinhaltet eine komplexe Interaktion zwischen Umweltfaktoren (z. B. westliche Ernährung), Adipositas, Veränderungen der Mikrobiota und prädisponierenden genetischen Faktoren, die zu einer gestörten Lipidhomöostase mit übermäßiger Fettansammlung in der Leber führen. Insulinresistenz ist ein weiterer zentraler Mechanismus, der zu Lipotoxizität sowie oxidativem Stress und zu einem inflammatorischen Zellschaden in den Hepatozyten führt und bei einem Teil der Patienten letztendlich in einer Fibrogenese mündet. Neue therapeutische Ansätze, die auf einem tieferen Verständnis der molekularen Pathogenese basieren sind daher dringend erforderlich, um das Fortschreiten der Krankheit und insbesondere das Auftreten einer Leberfibrose bzw. Zirrhose zu verhindern. In dem vorliegenden Übersichtsartikel fassen wir aktuelle Daten zur Epidemiologie, Pathogenese, Risikostratifizierung und Therapie der NAFLD zusammen. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt hierbei auf den neuesten Entwicklungen zur interdisziplinär-multimodalen und medikamentösen Therapie.
Adipositas Disease Management Programm?
Authors: Blüher Matthias 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Versorgungssituation für Menschen mit Adipositas ist in Deutschland defizitär. Dies liegt auch daran, dass es bisher keine gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen für eine leitlinien- und bedarfsgerechte Versorgung von Menschen mit Adipositas gab. Mit der Annahme des Gesetzes zur Weiterentwicklung der Gesundheitsversorgung durch den Deutschen Bundestag am 11. Juni 2021 wurden die formalen Voraussetzungen für ein strukturiertes Behandlungsprogramm für Menschen mit Adipositas in Deutschland geschaffen. Ein in diesem Gesetz gefordertes Disease Management Programm Adipositas könnte die Qualität der Versorgung für Betroffene erheblich verbessern.
Detecting Injury Risk Factors with Algorithmic Models in Elite
Women’s Pathway Cricket
Authors: Goggins Luke , Warren Anna , Osguthorpe David , Peirce Nicholas , Wedatilake Thamindu , McKay Carly , Stokes Keith A , Williams Sean 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis exploratory retrospective cohort analysis aimed to explore how algorithmic
models may be able to identify important risk factors that may otherwise not
have been apparent. Their association with injury was then assessed with more
conventional data models. Participants were players registered on the England
and Wales Cricket Board women’s international development pathway
(n=17) from April 2018 to August 2019 aged between 14–23 years
(mean 18.2±1.9) at the start of the study period. Two supervised
learning techniques (a decision tree and random forest with traditional and
conditional algorithms) and generalised linear mixed effect models explored
associations between risk factors and injury. The supervised learning models did
not predict injury (decision tree and random forest area under the curve [AUC]
of 0.66 and 0.72 for conditional algorithms) but did identify important risk
factors. The best-fitting generalised linear mixed effect model for predicting
injury (Akaike Information Criteria [AIC]=843.94, conditional
r-squared=0.58) contained smoothed differential 7-day load
(P<0.001), average broad jump scores (P<0.001) and 20 m
speed (P<0.001). Algorithmic models identified novel injury risk factors
in this population, which can guide practice and future confirmatory studies can
now investigate.
Zystische zervikale Lymphknotenschwellung – TG-Bestimmung im Punktat sichert das lymphatisch metastasierte papilläre Schilddrüsenkarzinom
Authors: Smaxwil Constantin , Esianu Eduard , Altmeier Julia , Zielke Andreas 
Published: September 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Anamnese Eine Patientin stellte sich mit einer zystischen Raumforderung im seitlichen Halsdreieck vor.
Untersuchung und Diagnostik Nach Ultraschall und MRT wurde eine Feinnadelpunktion durchgeführt. Zytologisch fanden sich keine malignitätsverdächtigen Zellen. Bei einer erneuten Punktion wurde nun auch das Thyreoglobulin in der Zystenflüssigkeit bestimmt – und stark erhöht nachgewiesen. Damit war das lymphatisch metastasierte Schilddrüsenkarzinom gesichert.
Therapie und Verlauf Die erforderliche Operation konnte einzeitig durchgeführt werden. Drei Wochen nach der Operation erfolgte die Radiojodtherapie mit 3,7 GBq I131.
Folgerung Schwellungen der Halslymphknoten können viele Gründe haben, dabei selten auch einmal die Metastase eines Schilddrüsenkarzinoms sein. Wir stellen anhand eines Fallbeispiels einen einfachen Weg vor, der das lymphatisch metastasierte Schilddrüsenkarzinom sicher nachweisen kann.
Effects of Autoantibodies on Osteoclasts
Authors: Sokolova Maria V , Steffen Ulrike 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe balance between bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts can
be disturbed in autoimmune diseases resulting in local and systemic bone loss.
It was long time believed that autoantibodies only indirectly contribute to bone
loss by fueling the overall inflammation. However, in the last decade, more and
more evidence emerged that autoantibodies and immune complexes directly activate
osteoclasts and pre-osteoclasts by binding to Fcγ receptors
(FcγRs) on the (pre)-osteoclast cell surface. This pro-osteoclastogenic
effect seems to be dependent on the absence of sialic acid in the IgG Fc glycan,
which is a typical feature of many autoantibodies. Clinical studies revealed the
importance of autoantibody-mediated bone loss mainly in rheumatoid arthritis,
but also in other diseases, such as celiac disease. In summary, the gained
knowledge about autoantibody-mediated bone loss helps to better understand bone
pathologies of autoimmune diseases. However, studies are still relatively
limited and more research is needed to fully understand the impact of
autoantibodies on bone and to develop future therapeutic strategies.
Oral Hygiene Knowledge among Medical and Dental Faculty
Authors: Iqbal Ayesha , Hirani Suraiya , Hanif Sarah , Salim Sandhiya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective Oral health reflects the physical and mental health of the individual as it is the first line of entrance of bacteria into the body. Knowledge regarding oral health is an essential component for dental as well as medical faculty as they are responsible for maintenance of health of the individual in clinical and nonclinical practices. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the predominance of oral hygiene with dental brushing, flossing, smoking, usage of mouthwash, and frequency of dental visits.
Materials and Methods To achieve the aim of the study, a questionnaire was created to access the awareness of oral hygiene status among medical and dental faculty. The study was conducted at Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences and all the faculty staff from senior faculty to junior staff was included in the study.
Results A total of 200 participants participated in the study of which 125 were females (62.5%). The results specify that the female faculty members have a better oral hygiene knowledge as compared with male faculty members. Single faculty members or staff visit a dentist more as compared with married faculty members or staff as single staff has more time and less responsibilities at home. Knowledge regarding oral hygiene care of overall participants is satisfactory.
Conclusion In conclusion, the oral health care and knowledge is far better in dental faculty member as compared with medical faculty member as the oral care is the substantial component of the dental core curriculum.
Patient’s Awareness of Dental Implant as an Option for Missing Teeth in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Guragain Manjeev , Pandey Bashu Raj , Maharjan Mahendra , Dahal Samarika , Thakur Smriti Narayan , Rokaya Dinesh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective To assess the patient’s level of awareness of dental implants as an option to replace missing teeth and willingness to accept dental implant is lacking in a small city (Chitwan) Nepal.Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on patients attending the prosthodontic, oral medicine and radiology clinics of Chitwan Medical College, Chitwan, Nepal. A self-administered questionnaire was used after pretesting through a pilot survey. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 (IBM Company, Chicago, USA).Statistical Analysis Various parameters were compared using Two-Sample Independent T-Test. The level of significant was set at p value = 0.05.Results A total of 84 subjects responded to the study. Only 47.6% of the participants have knowledge on dental implants. Majority of the participants (72%) considered the costs to be affordable and equal number of the participants replied that they were ready for treatment with dental implant. Majority of the participants received information from their dentists (53.1%) and from the friends and acquaintances (31.3%). The patients in Chitwan have moderate awareness of dental implants. Majority of the participants are aware and willing to consider dental plant treatments.Conclusions The patients in Chitwan have moderate awareness of dental implants. Majority of the participants are aware and willing to consider dental plant treatments. Proper information on dental implants should be provided to the patients so that they can accept the dental implant treatment.
STABILISE Technique via a Transapical Approach to Repair Residual Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Fouquet Olivier , Dang Van Simon , Ammi Myriam , Daligault Mickael , Baufreton Christophe , Picquet Jean 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe stent-assisted balloon-induced intimal disruption and relamination in aortic dissection or STABILISE concept is a novel endovascular strategy in Type A and Type B dissections. We report a case of Type A aortic dissection repair combining, first, an open thoracic aortic surgery with an elephant trunk procedure and, second, an endovascular treatment using the STABILISE technique via a combined transapical approach commonly used for transcatheter aortic valve implantation and a femoral pathway.
Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Testicular Germ Cell Tumor—Preliminary Experience from a Single Center
Authors: Selvarajan Gangothri , Jayachandran Perumal Kalaiyarasi , Rajan Arun Kumar , Kesana Sivashree , Kannan Krishnarathinam , Sagar Tenali Gnana , Ganesan Trivadi Sundaram 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Germ cell tumor (GCT) of the testis is one of the highly curable solid organ malignancies. Those who experience relapse after platinum-based chemotherapy can be salvaged with systemic therapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Complete remission can be obtained in approximately 50 to 60% of patients treated with HDCT. Our experience reports the efficacy and safety of HDCT followed by ASCT in relapsed GCT.
Methods Analysis of patient records (2012–2019) showed that three patients had received HDCT and ASCT.
Results All the three patients were treated with BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) as first-line therapy. HDCT was done in Case 1 after third-line salvage and in other two patients after second-line salvage chemotherapies. High-dose carboplatin and etoposide were used as conditioning regimen. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was used for the mobilization of stem cells. After ASCT, complete remission was documented in all the patients. All were alive and disease-free till the last follow-up. Grade ¾ toxicities including myelosuppression, diarrhea, and mucositis were observed in all three patients.
Conclusion This is the first report from India on HDCT with ASCT in GCT. HDCT/ASCT seems to be feasible, safe, and effective in relapsed testicular GCTs.
Trabectedin in Advanced Sarcomas—Experience at a Tertiary Care Center and Review of Literature
Authors: Verma Saurav , Kalra Kaushal , Rastogi Sameer , Dhamija Ekta , Upadhyay Avinash , Mittal Abhenil , Aggarwal Aditi , Shamim Shamim Ahmed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background There is sparse literature on trabectedin in advanced soft-tissue sarcomas from developing world. It would be interesting to know about use and outcomes of trabectedin in Indian patients.
Method In a retrospective study, consecutive patients treated with trabectedin from 2016 to 2019 were analyzed. Patients with L-sarcomas were treated at a dose of 1.5 mg/m2, while those with translocation-related sarcomas were treated at a dose of 1.2 mg/m2 as a 24-hour infusion through peripherally inserted central catheter line. From July 2019, infusions were administered through an ambulatory elastomeric pump, while before that patients were admitted for 24 hours. We used SPSS version 23.0 for statistical calculation.
Result A total of 20 patients received trabectedin with a total of 116 infusions. The median age was 46 years (range: 22–73 years). The male (n = 11, 55%) and female patients were almost equal (n = 9, 45%). Thirteen patients (65%) had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status 1. Majority of the patients had leiomyosarcoma (n = 8, 40%); remaining comprised of liposarcoma (3, 15%), translocation-related sarcomas excluding myxoid liposarcoma (n = 8, 40%) and others (n = 1,5%). Most common site was extremity (n = 11, 55%) followed by retroperitoneal (n = 3, 15%), visceral (n = 3, 15%), and others (n = 3,15%). Median number of previous lines received was 2 (range: 0–4). Median number of trabectedin cycles received was 4 (range: 1–17). Best response assessed was stable disease (n = 10, 50%), progressive disease (n = 6, 30%), partial response (n = 1, 5%), and not assessed in 3 patients. After a median follow-up of 19 months, median progression-free survival was 4 months.
Conclusion In this heavily treated population (composed of L-sarcomas and translocation-related sarcomas) with many patients with poor performance status, the outcome with trabectedin is in synchrony with literature. However, the need of 24-hour admission might deter quality of life. Elastomeric pump seems to be a reasonable alternative to admission and can be a breakthrough in administering trabectedin, especially in developing countries.
Hearing Aid Technology to Improve Speech Intelligibility in Noise
Authors: Alexander Joshua M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding speech in noise is difficult for individuals with normal hearing and is even more so for individuals with hearing loss. Difficulty understanding speech in noise is one of the primary reasons people seek hearing assistance. Despite amplification, many hearing aid users still struggle to understand speech in noise. In response to this persistent problem, hearing aid manufacturers have invested significantly in developing new solutions. Any solution is not without its tradeoffs, and decisions must be made when optimizing and implementing them. Much of this happens behind the scenes, and casual observers fail to appreciate the nuances of developing new hearing aid technologies. The difficulty of communicating this information to clinicians may hinder the use or the fine-tuning of the various technologies available today. The purpose of this issue of Seminars in Hearing is to educate professionals and students in audiology, hearing science, and engineering about different approaches to combat problems related to environmental and wind noise using technologies that include classification, directional microphones, binaural signal processing, beamformers, motion sensors, and machine learning. To accomplish this purpose, some of the top researchers and engineers from the world's largest hearing aid manufacturers agreed to share their unique insights.
Environmental Classification in Hearing Aids
Authors: Hayes Donald 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere are two parts to this article. The first is a general overview of how hearing aid classification works, including a comparison study of normal-hearing listeners and multiple manufacturers' hearing aids while listening to a sound parkour composed of a multitude of acoustic scenes. Most hearing aids applied nearly identical classification for simple listening environments. But differences began to appear across manufacturers' products when the listening environments became more complex. The second section reviews the results of a study of the acoustic ecology (listening environments) experienced by several cohorts of hearing aid users over a 4-month period. The percentages of time people spent in seven different listening environments were mapped. It was learned that they spent an average of 57% of their time in conversation and that age is not a good predictor of the amount of time spent in most listening environments. This is because, when grouped by age, there was little to no difference in the distribution of time spent in the seven listening environments, whereas there was tremendous variability within each age group.
Association of Passive Smoking with Otitis Media among School Children of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Paneru Manisha , Shah Shankar P. , Chettri Shyam Thapa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction Otitis media (OM) and otitis media with effusion are commonly presenting conditions in an otolaryngology clinic. Exposure to passive smoking is thought to increase the risk of OM through an effect on mucociliary clearance, decreased ciliary beat frequency, or mucous hypersecretion. Awareness among parents plays a key role in the primary prevention of the disease.
Objective We aimed to identify the association of passive smoking with OM among school-going children of the eastern region of Nepal.
Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was done among 663 school-going children, selected by stratified random sampling using a questionnaire. Data regarding age, gender, type of school, otological symptoms, smoking status of parents and family members, otoscopic findings, pure tone audiometry, and impedance audiometry were recorded.
Results Six-hundred and sixty-three students were included in the study. OM was confirmed in 103 students (15.5%). Smoking history was present in at least one of the family members in 177 out of 663 students (26.69%) and with positive smoking history in any member of the family, OM was seen in 65 (36.7%) students (p ≤ 0.001), which suggested significant association. OM was seen in 38 students (7.8%) when there was no exposure to passive smoking.
Conclusions There is a high prevalence of OM (15.5%) in school-going children. The study shows significant association between passive smoking and OM in children.
Awareness, Recognition, and Response to Stroke among the General Public—An Observational Study
Authors: Sirisha Sai , Jala Sireesha , Vooturi Sudhindra , Yada Praveen Kumar , Kaul Subhash 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective To evaluate awareness and response to stroke among the general public.Materials and Methods In this prospective, observational study, self-reported stroke awareness questionnaire was administered in 2000 consecutive participants who visited outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital. For data analysis, comparison included for awareness of stroke and response in case of stroke.Results The average age of the study participants was 39.64 ± 15.55 (17–85), with 651(32.6%) women. Among the respondents, 786(39.3%) participants mentioned stroke as blood clot in the brain; 268(13.4%) stated it as brain hemorrhage. Awareness of stroke was higher in people in cities (71.0 vs. 8.5%;p < 0.001) and graduates (75.3 vs. 60.9%;p < 0.001) or knew a family member or friend who had stroke (42.7 vs. 30.4%;p < 0.001). Most commonly recognized risk factors included stress (1,152; 57.6%) and hypertension (1,148; 57.4%). Most identified warning sign was weakness of one side of body (807; 40.4%) and speech impairment (658; 32.9%). Participants who were aware of stroke knew a greater number of risk factors (3.75 ± 2.88 vs. 2.45 ± 2.66;p < 0.001) and warning signs (2.85 ± 2.25 vs. 1.49 ± 1.41;p<0.001). Among 1,138 participants who were aware of stroke, 166 (14.6%) participants knew one correct response in case of a stroke, either call a doctor (49.3 vs. 35.0%;p<0.001) or call an ambulance (41.1 vs. 34.9%;p = 0.055). Participants who knew one correct response to stroke had at least a family member/friend who had stroke (44.1 vs. 34.3%;p < 0.022).Conclusion We report that among 56.9% of the participants who were aware of stroke most could not name more than four risk factors or three warning signs of stroke. Only 14.6% of those aware of stroke knew appropriate response to stroke.