bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monthly mobility inferred from isoscapes and laser ablation strontium isotope ratios in caprine tooth enamel
Authors: Lazzerini N. , Balter V. , Coulon A. , Tacail T. , Marchina C. , Lemoine M. , Bayarkhuu N. , Turbat Ts. , Lepetz S. , Zazzo A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStrontium isotopic analysis of sequentially formed tissues, such as tooth enamel, is commonly used to study provenance and mobility of humans and animals. However, the potential of 87Sr/86Sr in tooth enamel to track high-frequency movements has not yet been established, in part due to the lack of data on modern animals of known movement and predictive model of isotope variation across the landscape. To tackle this issue, we measured the 87Sr/86Sr in plant samples taken from a 2000 km2 area in the Altai Mountains (Mongolia), and the 87Sr/86Sr in tooth enamel of domestic caprines whose mobility was monitored using GPS tracking. We show that high-resolution, sequential profiles of strontium isotope composition of tooth enamel reliably reflect the high-frequency mobility of domestic livestock and that short-term residency of about 45 days can be resolved. This offers new perspectives in various disciplines, including forensics, ecology, palaeoanthropology, and bioarchaeology.
Breast-conserving surgery with 3D-printed surgical guide: a single-center, prospective clinical study
Authors: Wu Zhen-Yu , Kim Hee Jeong , Lee Jongwon , Chung Il Yong , Kim Jisun , Lee Saebyeol , Son Byung Ho , Ahn Sei-Hyun , Kim Hak Hee , Seo Joon Beom , Jeong Jae Ho , Gong Gyungyub , Kim Namkug , Ko BeomSeok 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo facilitate precise tumor resection at the time of breast-conserving surgery (BCS), we developed and implemented a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based three-dimensional-printed (3DP) breast surgical guide (BSG). This prospective cohort study was conducted at a single institution from July 2017 to February 2019 on women with breast cancer who underwent partial breast resection using patient-specific 3DP BSGs. Eighty-eight patients with invasive cancer were enrolled, of whom 1 patient had bilateral breast cancer. The mean size of the tumor long-axis on MRI before surgery was 2.8 ± 0.9 cm, and multiple tumors were observed in 34 patients. In 16 cases (18.0%), the resection margin was tumor-positive according to intraoperative frozen biopsy; all of these tumors were ductal carcinoma in situ and were re-excised intraoperatively. In 93.3% of the cases, the resection margin was tumor-free in the permanent pathology. The mean pathological tumor size was 1.7 ± 1.0 cm, and the mean distance from the tumor to the border was 1.5 ± 1.0 cm. This exploratory study showed that the tumor area on the MRI could be directly displayed on the breast when using a 3DP BSG for BCS, thereby allowing precise surgery and safe tumor removal.Trial Registration Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) Identifier (No. KCT0002375, KCT0003043).
Identifying metastatic ability of prostate cancer cell lines using native fluorescence spectroscopy and machine learning methods
Authors: Xue Jianpeng , Pu Yang , Smith Jason , Gao Xin , Wang Chun , Wu Binlin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMetastasis is the leading cause of mortalities in cancer patients due to the spreading of cancer cells to various organs. Detecting cancer and identifying its metastatic potential at the early stage is important. This may be achieved based on the quantification of the key biomolecular components within tissues and cells using recent optical spectroscopic techniques. The aim of this study was to develop a noninvasive label-free optical biopsy technique to retrieve the characteristic molecular information for detecting different metastatic potentials of prostate cancer cells. Herein we report using native fluorescence (NFL) spectroscopy along with machine learning (ML) to differentiate prostate cancer cells with different metastatic abilities. The ML algorithms including principal component analysis (PCA) and nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) were used for dimension reduction and feature detection. The characteristic component spectra were used to identify the key biomolecules that are correlated with metastatic potentials. The relative concentrations of the molecular spectral components were retrieved and used to classify the cancer cells with different metastatic potentials. A multi-class classification was performed using support vector machines (SVMs). The NFL spectral data were collected from three prostate cancer cell lines with different levels of metastatic potentials. The key biomolecules in the prostate cancer cells were identified to be tryptophan, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and hypothetically lactate as well. The cancer cells with different metastatic potentials were classified with high accuracy using the relative concentrations of the key molecular components. The results suggest that the changes in the relative concentrations of these key fluorophores retrieved from NFL spectra may present potential criteria for detecting prostate cancer cells of different metastatic abilities.
Bioinformatics analysis of DNMT1 expression and its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma prognosis
Authors: Cui Jili , Zheng Lian , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xue Miaomiao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common type of malignancy in the world. DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) play key roles in carcinogenesis and regulation of the immune micro-environment, but the gene expression and the role of DNMT1 in HNSCC is unknown. In this study, we utilized online tools and databases for pan-cancer and HNSCC analysis of DNMT1 expression and its association with clinical cancer characteristics. We also identified genes that positively and negatively correlated with DNMT1 expression and identified eight hub genes based on protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Enrichment analyses were performed to explore the biological functions related with of DNMT1. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database was performed to explore the relationship between DNMT1 expression and immune-cell infiltration. We demonstrated that DNMT1 gene expression was upregulated in HNSCC and associated with poor prognosis. Based on analysis of the eight hub genes, we determined that DNMT1 may be involved in cell cycle, proliferation and metabolic related pathways. We also found that significant difference of B cells infiltration based on TP 53 mutation. These findings suggest that DNMT1 related epigenetic alterations have close relationship with HNSCC progression, and DNMT1 could be a novel diagnostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for HNSCC.
Changes in telomere length and senescence markers during human ovarian tissue cryopreservation
Authors: Kim Boram , Ryu Ki-Jin , Lee Sanghoon , Kim Tak 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOvarian tissue cryopreservation is considered as a useful option to preserve fertility for cancer patients. This study purposed to evaluate the change of telomere length and senescence markers during human ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Ovarian tissues were obtained from women who underwent benign ovarian surgery in the gynecology research unit of a university hospital with prior consent and IRB approval. DNA was extracted from the ovarian tissues using a DNeasy tissue kit and telomere lengths in the DNA samples were determined by real time PCR before and after cryopreservation. All tissues were stained with hematoxylin–eosin and subjected to immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assays. Other senescence markers, including p53, p16, p21, and phospho-pRb proteins, were evaluated using western blot analysis. Ovarian tissues were collected from ten patients and prepared for slow freezing with the same size of diameter 4 mm and 1 mm thickness. Mean age of patients was 26.7 ± 6.2 years (range, 16–34 years), and ovarian tissues were cryopreserved and thawed 4 weeks after cryopreservation. The mean telomere length was significantly decreased after cryopreservation (9.57 ± 1.47 bp vs. 8.34 ± 1.83 bp, p = 0.001). Western blot analysis revealed that p53, p16, and p21 proteins increased and phospho-pRb protein expression decreased after ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation is regarded as one of promising options for fertility preservation. However, clinicians and researchers should be aware of possible irreversible DNA changes such as shortening of telomere length and alterations of other senescence markers in human ovarian tissues.
Proteome-wide profiling and mapping of post translational modifications in human hearts
Authors: Bagwan Navratan , El Ali Henrik H. , Lundby Alicia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPost translational modifications (PTMs) are covalent modifications of proteins that can range from small chemical modifications to addition of entire proteins. PTMs contribute to regulation of protein function and thereby greatly increase the functional diversity of the proteome. In the heart, a few well-studied PTMs, such as phosphorylation and glycosylation, are known to play essential roles for cardiac function. Yet, only a fraction of the ~ 300 known PTMs have been studied in a cardiac context. Here we investigated the proteome-wide map of PTMs present in human hearts by utilizing high-resolution mass spectrometry measurements and a suite of PTM identification algorithms. Our approach led to identification of more than 150 different PTMs across three of the chambers in human hearts. This finding underscores that decoration of cardiac proteins by PTMs is much more diverse than hitherto appreciated and provides insights in cardiac protein PTMs not yet studied. The results presented serve as a catalogue of which PTMs are present in human hearts and outlines the particular protein and the specific amino acid modified, and thereby provides a detail-rich resource for exploring protein modifications in human hearts beyond the most studied PTMs.
Relationship of back muscle and knee extensors with the compensatory mechanism of sagittal alignment in a community-dwelling elderly population
Authors: Takahashi Shinji , Hoshino Masatoshi , Ohyama Shoichiro , Hori Yusuke , Yabu Akito , Kobayashi Akio , Tsujio Tadao , Kotake Shiro , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCompensatory mechanisms, such as a decrease in thoracic spine kyphosis and posterior tilting or rotation of the pelvis, aim to achieve optimal alignment of the spine. However, the effect of muscle strength on these compensatory mechanisms has not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the impact of back muscle and lower extremity strength on compensatory mechanisms in elderly people. Overall, 409 community-dwelling elderly participants (164 men, 245 women) were included. Age, disc degeneration, and 2 or more vertebral fractures showed a significant increase of risk for sagittal vertical axis (SVA) deterioration. Conversely, stronger back, hip flexor, and knee extensor muscles reduced the risk for SVA deterioration. To investigate the association of each muscle’s strength with compensatory mechanisms, 162 subjects with pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis > 10° were selected. The linear regression model for thoracic kyphosis demonstrated a negative correlation with back muscle strength and positive correlation with vertebral fracture. The regression analysis for pelvic tilt demonstrated a positive correlation with knee extensor strength. Back, hip flexor, and knee extensor muscle strength were associated with sagittal spinal alignment. Back muscle strength was important for the decrease in thoracic kyphosis, and knee extensor strength was associated with pelvic tilt.
Mash-based analyses of Escherichia coli genomes reveal 14 distinct phylogroups
Authors: Abram Kaleb , Udaondo Zulema , Bleker Carissa , Wanchai Visanu , Wassenaar Trudy M. , Robeson Michael S. , Ussery David W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, more than one hundred thousand Escherichia coli and Shigella genomes were examined and classified. This is, to our knowledge, the largest E. coli genome dataset analyzed to date. A Mash-based analysis of a cleaned set of 10,667 E. coli genomes from GenBank revealed 14 distinct phylogroups. A representative genome or medoid identified for each phylogroup was used as a proxy to classify 95,525 unassembled genomes from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA). We find that most of the sequenced E. coli genomes belong to four phylogroups (A, C, B1 and E2(O157)). Authenticity of the 14 phylogroups is supported by several different lines of evidence: phylogroup-specific core genes, a phylogenetic tree constructed with 2613 single copy core genes, and differences in the rates of gene gain/loss/duplication. The methodology used in this work is able to reproduce known phylogroups, as well as to identify previously uncharacterized phylogroups in E. coli species.
Circulating extracellular vesicles release oncogenic miR-424 in experimental models and patients with aggressive prostate cancer
Authors: Albino Domenico , Falcione Martina , Uboldi Valeria , Temilola Dada Oluwaseyi , Sandrini Giada , Merulla Jessica , Civenni Gianluca , Kokanovic Aleksandra , Stürchler Alessandra , Shinde Dheeraj , Garofalo Mariangela , Mestre Ricardo Pereira , Constâncio Vera , Wium Martha , Burrello Jacopo , Baranzini Nicolò , Grimaldi Annalisa , Theurillat Jean-Philippe , Bossi Daniela , Barile Lucio , Henrique Rui M. , Jeronimo Carmen , Zerbini Luiz Fernando , Catapano Carlo V. , Carbone Giuseppina M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are relevant means for transferring signals across cells and facilitate propagation of oncogenic stimuli promoting disease evolution and metastatic spread in cancer patients. Here, we investigated the release of miR-424 in circulating small EVs or exosomes from prostate cancer patients and assessed the functional implications in multiple experimental models. We found higher frequency of circulating miR-424 positive EVs in patients with metastatic prostate cancer compared to patients with primary tumors and BPH. Release of miR-424 in small EVs was enhanced in cell lines (LNCaPabl), transgenic mice (Pb-Cre4;Ptenflox/flox;Rosa26ERG/ERG) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of aggressive disease. EVs containing miR-424 promoted stem-like traits and tumor-initiating properties in normal prostate epithelial cells while enhanced tumorigenesis in transformed prostate epithelial cells. Intravenous administration of miR-424 positive EVs to mice, mimicking blood circulation, promoted miR-424 transfer and tumor growth in xenograft models. Circulating miR-424 positive EVs from patients with aggressive primary and metastatic tumors induced stem-like features when supplemented to prostate epithelial cells. This study establishes that EVs-mediated transfer of miR-424 across heterogeneous cell populations is an important mechanism of tumor self-sustenance, disease recurrence and progression. These findings might indicate novel approaches for the management and therapy of prostate cancer.
Integration parameters optimization of low‐voltage multi‐terminal DC system under access of electric vehicles
Authors: Deng Wei , Pei Wei , Zhuang Ying , Kong Li , Li Qiang , Yuan Yubo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBy integrating the increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) in the existing multi‐terminal DC system, the new power lines construct can be reduced and the investment in distribution power equipment can be saved. The integration of EVs will affect the power transfer boundary of the system to a certain extent. It is necessary to ensure the normal performance of the system and the power supply for the EVs through the optimal configuration of system integration. The paper proposes the state‐space model of the low‐voltage multi‐terminal DC system, after which the influence of EV integration on the system power transfer boundary and the sensitivity of the power transfer boundary under the change of integration parameters are analysed. Furthermore, an optimization method of EV integration configuration considering the investment cost is proposed, which considers minimizing the system integration cost as the optimization goal and adopts the genetic algorithm for optimization solving. Finally, through the case verification and simulation analysis, the effectiveness of the method is verified, which can minimize the system integration cost and ensure power supply for EVs, without affecting the system power transfer boundary.
Multiwavelength dissection of a massive heavily dust-obscured galaxy and its blue companion at z∼2
Authors: Hamed M. , Ciesla L. , Béthermin M. , Małek K. , Daddi E. , Sargent M. T. , Gobat R. 
Published: January 2021

Aims. We study a system of two galaxies, Astarte and Adonis, at z ∼ 2. At this time, the Universe was undergoing the peak of its star formation activity. Astarte is a dusty star-forming galaxy at the massive end of the main sequence (MS), and Adonis is a less massive companion galaxy that is bright in the ultraviolet and has an optical spectroscopic redshift. We investigate whether this ultramassive galaxy is quenching, and whether it has always been on the MS of star-forming galaxies.
Methods. We used the code CIGALE to model the spectral energy distribution. The code relies on the energetic balance between the ultraviolet and the infrared. We derived some of the key physical properties of Astarte and Adonis, mainly their star formation rates (SFRs), stellar masses, and dust luminosities. We inspected the variation of the physical parameters depending on the assumed dust-attenuation law. We also estimated the molecular gas mass of Astarte from its CO emission, using different αCO and transition ratios (r31), and we discuss the implication of the various assumptions on the gas-mass derivation.
Reults. We find that Astarte exhibits a MS-like star formation activity, and Adonis is undergoing a strong starburst phase. The molecular gas mass of Astarte is far lower than the gas fraction of typical star-forming galaxies at z = 2. This low gas content and high SFR result in a depletion time of 0.22 ± 0.07 Gyr, which is slightly shorter than expected for a MS galaxy at this redshift. The CO luminosity relative to the total infrared luminosity suggests a MS-like activity when we assume a galactic conversion factor and a low transition ratio. The SFR of Astarte is on the same order when different attenuation laws are used, unlike its stellar mass, which increases when shallow attenuation laws are used (∼1 × 1011 M⊙ assuming a Calzetti relation, versus ∼4 × 1011 M⊙ assuming a shallow attenuation law). We discuss these properties and suggest that Astarte might be experiencing a recent decrease in star formation activity and is quenching through the MS following a starburst epoch.
Predicted spatial and velocity distributions of ejected companion stars of helium accretion-induced thermonuclear supernovae
Authors: Neunteufel P. , Kruckow M. , Geier S. , Hamers A. S. 
Published: January 2021

Context. Thermonuclear supernovae (SNe), a subset of which are the highly important SNe Type Ia, remain one of the more poorly understood phenomena known to modern astrophysics. In recent years, the single degenerate helium (He) donor channel, where a white dwarf star accretes He-rich matter from a hydrogen-depleted companion, has emerged as a promising candidate progenitor scenario for these events. An unresolved question in this scenario is the fate of the companion star, which would be evident as a runaway hot subdwarf O/B stars (He sdO/B) in the aftermath of the SN event.
Aims. Previous studies have shown that the kinematic properties of an ejected companion provide an opportunity to closer examine the properties of an SN progenitor system. However, with the number of observed objects not matching predictions by theory, the viability of this mechanism is called into question. In this study, we first synthesize a population of companion stars ejected by the aforementioned mechanism, taking into account predicted ejection velocities, the inferred population density in the Galactic mass distribution, and subsequent kinematics in the Galactic potential. We then discuss the astrometric properties of this population.
Methods. We present 106 individual ejection trajectories, which were numerically computed with a newly developed, lightweight simulation framework. Initial conditions were randomly generated, but weighted according to the Galactic mass density and ejection velocity data. We then discuss the bulk properties (Galactic distribution and observational parameters) of our sample.
Results. Our synthetic population reflects the Galactic mass distribution. A peak in the density distribution for close objects is expected in the direction of the Galactic centre. Higher mass runaways should outnumber lower mass ones. If the entire considered mass range is realised, the radial velocity distribution should show a peak at 500 km s−1. If only close US 708 analogues are considered, there should be a peak at (∼750 − 850) km s−1. In either case, US 708 should be a member of the high-velocity tail of the distribution.
Conclusions. We show that the puzzling lack of confirmed surviving companion stars of thermonuclear SNe, though possibly an observation-related selection effect, may indicate a selection against high mass donors in the SD He donor channel.
Von der Quantifizierung des Qualitativen
Authors: Singer Dominique 
Published: January 2021

Liebe Leserinnen und Lesermit der Qualität verhält es sich ein bisschen wie mit der
Intelligenz: Letztere definiert sich bekanntlich als das, was der Intelligenztest
misst. Qualität zu quantifizieren – eigentlich ein Oxymoron
–, ist das Ziel sogenannter Indikatoren, anhand derer sich die Struktur, der
Prozess und letztlich das Ergebnis einer Unternehmung bewerten lassen. Ob, wenn
diese Indikatoren erfüllt sind, das Ganze (besonders wenn es sich einer rein
unternehmerischen Betrachtungsweise entzieht) auch wirklich befriedigend
ausfällt, ist freilich ebenso wenig garantiert, wie ein hochrangiger
Intelligenzquotient für eine in jedem Falle einsichtsvolle Handlungsweise
bürgt. Aber immerhin: Ohne die notwendigen, z. B. strukturellen
Voraussetzungen Qualität zu erzielen, dürfte ähnlich
ungewiss sein wie ohne das nötige Einsichtsvermögen bestenfalls
intelligent zu handeln.