bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naar een effectieve handhaving op maat in het omgevingsrecht
Authors: Essens O.F. (Oda) 
Published: September 2021

Naar een effectieve handhaving op maat in het omgevingsrecht
Op 26 november 2019 promoveerde Oda Essens aan de Universiteit Utrecht op haar proefschrift getiteld ‘Operationalising Effective Public Enforcement of Environmental Law in the European Union, with a focus on England, Germany and the Netherlands’. In haar proefschrift heeft zij een model voor effectieve handhaving op maat ontworpen. Dit model bevat eisen aan de handhavingsorganisatie (institutionele eisen) en eisen aan de sancties (instrumentele eisen), zoals vastgelegd in wet- en regelgeving voor de publiekrechtelijke handhaving van het omgevingsrecht. Vervolgens heeft zij dat model toegepast op de publiekrechtelijke handhavingsorganisatie en sancties voor het omgevingsrecht in Nederland, Engeland en Duitsland. De toepassing heeft geleid tot good practices voor een ‘effectieve handhaving op maat’ in de drie landen en vanuit die good practices heeft zij aanbevelingen gedaan voor verbetering van de handhavingsorganisatie en de beschikbare sancties in de drie landen onderling. In dit artikel zet zij haar model voor effectieve handhaving op maat uiteen en belicht zij enkele belangrijke uitkomsten van de toetsing van de Nederlandse organisatie en sancties voor de publiekrechtelijke handhaving van het omgevingsrecht.
Los albores de la democracia digital
Authors: Calvo Patrici , Hidalgo César A. 
Published: September 2021

Las democracias modernas no son perfectas. Por un lado, se ven afectados por problemas como la corrupción, el nepotismo y el populismo. Por otro lado, están moldeados por tecnologías, desde la impresión hasta la web.
En los últimos años, académicos y tecnólogos han comenzado a explorar alternativas para aumentar, modificar, o mejorar la democracia. Estas incluyen propuestas teóricas y prácticas basadas en el uso de herramientas digitales, desde algoritmos que buscan maximizar la representatividad de foros deliberativos, a sistemas de datos abiertos, recomendación de votos, y presupuestos participativos. Estas y otras propuestas tienen como objetivo mejorar la participación pública; reducir la vulnerabilidad de los sistemas democráticos representativos; aumentar la responsabilidad de los políticos; o simplemente ofrecer a los ciudadanos un mayor control y escrutinio de las acciones y decisiones políticas.
Effect of Stocking Density on Growth Performance and the Survival of Golden Mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton) Fry
Authors: Sajed Riar Md. Golam , A Raushon Nur- , Kumer Paul Sumit 
Published: September 2021

Growth performance and survival of Tor putitora fry under different stocking densities were evaluated fry rearing system. The experimental period was 10 weeks from 31 December to 10 March 2019. The experiment was carried out in nine earthen ponds of 0.04 ha each under three treatments with three replications. Thirty days old fry were stocked at the rate of 1.0X105/ha was designated as treatment- 1 (T1), 1.5X105/ha` as treatment- 2 (T2) and 2.0X105/ha as treatment- 3 (T3), respectively. Fry were fed with commercially available nursery feed containing 32% crude protein. It was observed that, lower stocking density showed highest daily weight gain in T1 (growth 0.066 ± 0.006 g/day) compared with higher stocking density in T2 (growth 0.044 ± 0.004 g/day) and T3 (growth 0.024 ± 0.003 g/day), respectively. It is also noticed that, the lower stocking showed the highest survival rate (79.66 ± 4.34 %) than the other two treatments (66.97±3.67 and 54.67± 3.12 %). The values of different water quality parameters were within the optimum ranges for the rearing of carp fry. Water quality parameters did not show significant variations in the experimental ponds under different stocking densities. Among these three stocking densities lower stocking density (T1) showed the best result compare with the other two higher stocking densities.
Design Analysis of 7.5KW Stand Alone Solar Photovoltaic Power System for an Intermediate Household
Authors: Bello Rilwanu , Suleiman Taufiq , Kende Usman Atiku , Abulrasheed Mohammed 
Published: September 2021

Aim: Design Analysis of 7.5KW Stand-alone Solar Photovoltaic Power System for an Intermediate Household.
Methodology: A design analysis of standalone 7.5KW PV system was carried out using PV modeling equations based on load estimated. The analyzed data of the solar photovoltaic components was used to determine the estimated output power of 7.5KW. Therefore, a number of modeling equations and methodologies for designing a PV system based on application have been developed and simplified in order to ensure the optimum performance of the system. The analyzed solar powered 7.5KW system was achieved by designing 24 solar panels of 335W each, 16 deep cycle battery of 200A each, and a pulse width modulation (PWM) charge controller of 60A to monitor the output of the battery for safety operation. The battery will be connected to the inverter circuit (DC-AC) to generate 220V alternating current in its output via a step-up transformer. In this paper, design analysis of a standalone PV system enables of producing power to a household with approximate consumption of 7.5KW was conducted.
Results: The standalone PV system along with the cost implications was analysed and designed. In this analysis a sequential design plan of an independent standalone solar powered photovoltaic structure was analysed and overviewed to supply continuous and uninterrupted power to a typical utility with maximum power consumption of 7500W (7.5KVA). The calculated/computed values of all the components yield a result that can serve the purpose. Based on the design analysis, the result implies that the estimate consumption of 7.5KW in a day requires 24 PV panels of 335 Watts each, 16 (12V, 200Ah) batteries, 10KW inverter, (12V, 60A) charge controller and copper wire of cross-sectional area (1.688mm2) for installation.
Conclusion: In Nigeria, to generate a solar power of 7.5KVA requires almost $15,585.70 which is equivalent to N 5,965,426.66.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Chickpea Genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.) Using D2 Statistics
Authors: Karthikeyan M. , Pandey Sharad , Synrem Gideon , Saravanan K. R. 
Published: September 2021

An experiment using twenty genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was conducted during Rabi season of 2019-2020, to find the genetic diversity using D2 statistics. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications at the experimental field of Himgiri Zee University, Dehradun. The observations was recorded on nine quantitative characters where five randomly selected plants were taken the average was computed while the traits days to 50 % flowering and days to 100 % maturity was taken from plot basis. Results revealed that the genotypes were grouped into 4 clusters where Cluster-I had fifteen genotypes and cluster II had three genotypes while one genotype each was present in cluster III and IV. The seed yield per plant contributed maximum towards genetic diversity (32.00 %) followed by plant height at maturity (14.00 %) and number of secondary branches (9.00 %). The maximum intra cluster distance was found in cluster II (164.691) indicating that the 15 genotypes including in the cluster II were most divergent. However, maximum inter cluster distance was noticed between cluster I and cluster II (313.247) which could be used in hybridizing program.
Evaluation of Biochemical and Microbiological Properties of Pleurotus ostreatus Mushrooms Cultivated and Sold in M’Badon Village (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Gnanwa Jacques Mankambou , Kouassi Athanase Kra , Kouamé Y. A. , Diomande Massé , Maxwell Beugre Grah Avit , Kouame Lucien Patrice 
Published: September 2021

Objective: The present study aims to constitute a database necessary for the efficient valorisation of the local cultivated edible mushrooms in the Ivorian diet. This work consisted in evaluating the biochemical characteristics and microbiology analysis of cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus species sold and used in rural and urban people food.
Methodology: Standard methods proposed by AOAC made this study possible to determine the biochemical parameters such as dry matter, ash, pH, moisture, protein and lipid content. The microbiological analyses enabled the enumerations of yeasts and molds, fecal coliforms, aerobic mesophilic germs, detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli and Salmonella were performed.
Results: The results showed that the cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus is a food, rich in protein (16.37 ± 0.6 % dw), crude fibre (24.85 ± 0.08 dw) and in ash (11.00 ± 1.33 % dw). On the other hand, this mushroom is relatively low in lipids (4.16 ± 0.13% dw) and reducing sugars (1.04 ± 0.07 % dw) with a low moisture content (6.40 ± 1.13 % dw). These results also revelated the absence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in the flour.
Conclusion: Local cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom is an undeniable source of protein and crude fibre. Thus it would be used as a substitute for meat diet, allow a good functioning of the immune system and the good development of bones. It also show satisfactory microbiological criteria. Thus Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom is a safety food for ivorian.
Role of Training Sessions on Cervical Cancer Preventive Strategies in Improving Knowledge and Attitude of Accredited Social Health Activists
Authors: Singh Nilanchali , Rajaram Shalini , Gupta Bindiya , Mendiratta Anita , Singh Sanjay 
Published: September 2021

Background: India has the world’s largest load of cervical malignancy. A lot of it can be attributed to lack of cervical cancer screening awareness among the general population. The Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) are grass root workers who have good reach in the remote areas, where health care facilities are lacking. Training these ASHAs may increase the general awareness about cervical cancer screening. The aim of the study was to train ASHA workers via lectures and question answer sessions and assess the training with pre and post tests.
Methods: We organized two training programs of 500 ASHA workers in two tertiary care hospitals with aim of improving their knowledge and attitude about cervical cancer screening which will eventually improve their practice of training women in general population. It comprised of five lectures in language they understand, slogans, posters, question answer session etc. A test comprising of 17 questions was conducted before and after session to check their knowledge and attitude.
Results: There was an overall improvement of 35% in knowledge of the ASHAs i.e. 48% answers were correct in pre-test and 78% were correct in post-test. Questions were pertaining to symptomatology, risk factors, screening methods, their utility and prerequisites of performing the screening tests, when and how often to repeat. Improvement was seen in all the areas. There was improvement in attitude too and most of them wanted themselves (98%), their relatives (100%) and the woman within their area (98%) to be screened for cancer cervix.
Conclusion: It was a small initiative and successful result was obtained after the training session of ASHAs. These grass root workers may act as key link of awareness for cervical cancer prevention. They live in same community as the client and therefore, have better repo and communication as compared to medical personnel. Though, this study showed improved knowledge and motivation in ASHAs yet the impact on general population needs further evaluation.
Hypertension in the Adult Population in Côte d’Ivoire: Prevalence and Associated Factors
Authors: Daniel Ekra Kouadio , Guillaume Okoubo , Tetchi Orsot , Franck Ekou Kokora 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To estimate the current national prevalence of hypertension and to identify associated factors, in a context of increasing cardiovascular diseases and rampant urbanization in Côte d'Ivoire.
Methodology: This was a secondary analysis of data from the survey on the prevalence and characteristics of diabetes in Côte d'Ivoire. The cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was conducted among 3198 adults aged 20 to 79 years, in the twenty health regions of Côte d'Ivoire from 23 November to 22 December 2017. Risk factors were identified by binary stepwise logistic regression using Stata version 15 software.
Results: The survey population was predominantly female (55%) and lived in urban areas (55.38%). The prevalence of hypertension in Côte d'Ivoire was 39.92% [95% CI : 37.28 - 42.62]. Independent of other factors, hypertension in adults is associated with age, place of residence, education level, marital status, income and nutritional status. However, the consumption of fruits and vegetables is protective of hypertension.
Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in Côte d'Ivoire is very high with a greater burden in the older populations. Interventions targeting the associated modifiable risk factors are needed to correct this alarming epidemiological situation.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activity of Some Quinazoline Analogues
Authors: Malpani Surajmal G. , Mohanty Pradeepkumar , Rai Janki Prasad 
Published: September 2021

Aim: A new series of Quinazoline 4(3H)-one derivative were prepared by reacting quinazoline 4(3H)-one hydrazide with substituted aromatic aldehydes. Quinazoline is used as a potent pharmacological agent with various biological activities such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, convulsion, anxiety, anti-inﬂammatory, and analgesic. In this background, we have synthesized a series of Quinazoline 4(3H)-one derivatives (4a-4f) and screened for their anticonvulsant activity.
Methods: In this work, Schiff bases were prepared by treating quinazoline 4(3H)-one hydrazide with aromatic aldehydes. Six compounds (4a-4f) were screened for anticonvulsant activity by Isoniazid (INH) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions in mice.
Results: All the compounds were given satisfactory reaction yields that representing the efficiency of the employed synthetic route. In INH induced convulsion model, delayed the onset of convulsion significantly 4a, 4b, 4d, 4e, 4f when compared to an induction control group. Whereas delayed onset of convulsion was non-significant for 4c. In PTZ induced convulsion model, delayed the onset of convulsion significantly 4a, 4d, 4e, 4f when compared to induction control group. Whereas delayed onset of convulsion was non-significant for 4b and 4c.
Conclusion: This indicates the anticonvulsant activity to these derivatives which might be due to potentiating GABA activity in the CNS. This anticonvulsant activity was due to presence of electron-donating group like OH, NH2, OCH3 and electron-withdrawing group like CF3 at 2nd and 4th position of aromatic ring attached to hydrazide.
Review on Health Impact of Fast Food on Younger Children
Authors: Dighikar Vrushali , Singh Seema 
Published: September 2021

“Fast food is a food which is speedily available as well as provides, frequently at eating places as well as seasonally related with not so much cost and nutritional things like hamburgers, French fries, and soda.” The teenagers of today will be the future of tomorrow; therefore, concentrating on today's adolescents and educating them on how to modify their behaviours toward healthy eating patterns is critical. The dietary issue is one of the most serious health issues confronting millions of children of all ages. There are lots of effects of fast food on the health of adolescents. Because of peer pressure, shortage of time, attractive packages and tastes they become closer to take fast food. Fast foods are at large quantity obtain in educational institutions through various stores. Canteens are available in educational institutions to offer soda water, soft drink, cracks and lots of other foods of less nutritious rate(value). There are many ill impacts and effects of fast food and persons are not aware of its dangerous effects. It can cause many harmful disorders. Prolonged use of fast food is the reason for medical issues, chubbiness means obesity, GI Tract problem and increased fat. Excessive intake of fast foods may reduce appetite and eliminate the chance for nutrients in foods. These quick meals are rich in fat, salt, and sugar, and they are the root cause of chronic illnesses such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer in later years of life. This review focuses on what is fast food and its effect on adolescents and the evidence of its effects on mortality, morbidity and quality of life.
Determining the longitudinal accuracy and reproducibility of T1 and T2 in a 3T MRI scanner
Authors: Carr Madeline E. , Keenan Kathryn E. , Rai Robba , Metcalfe Peter , Walker Amy , Holloway Lois 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine baseline accuracy and reproducibility of T1 and T2 relaxation times over 12 months on a dedicated radiotherapy MRI scanner.MethodsAn International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology (ISMRM/NIST) System Phantom was scanned monthly on a 3T MRI scanner for 1 year. T1 was measured using inversion recovery (T1‐IR) and variable flip angle (T1‐VFA) sequences and T2 was measured using a multi‐echo spin echo (T2‐SE) sequence. For each vial in the phantom, accuracy errors (%bias) were determined by the relative differences in measured T1 and T2 times compared to reference values. Reproducibility was measured by the coefficient of variation (CV) of T1 and T2 measurements across monthly scans. Accuracy and reproducibility were mainly assessed on vials with relaxation times expected to be in physiological ranges at 3T.ResultsA strong linear correlation between measured and reference relaxation times was found for all sequences tested (R2 > 0.997). Baseline bias (and CV[%]) for T1‐IR, T1‐VFA and T2‐SE sequences were +2.0% (2.1), +6.5% (4.2), and +8.5% (1.9), respectively.ConclusionsThe accuracy and reproducibility of T1 and T2 on the scanner were considered sufficient for the sequences tested. No longitudinal trends of variation were deduced, suggesting less frequent measurements are required following the establishment of baselines.
3D Confinement Regulates Cell Life and Death
Authors: Dudaryeva Oksana Y. , Bucciarelli Aurelia , Bovone Giovanni , Huwyler Florian , Jaydev Shibashish , Broguiere Nicolas , al‐Bayati Marwa , Lütolf Marco , Tibbitt Mark W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBiophysical properties of the cellular microenvironment, including stiffness and geometry, have been shown to influence cell function. Recent findings have implicated 3D confinement as an important regulator of cell behavior. The understanding of how mechanical signals direct cell function is based primarily on 2D studies. To investigate how the extent of 3D confinement affects cell function, a single cell culture platform is fabricated with geometrically defined and fully enclosed microwells and it is applied to investigate how niche volume and stiffness affect human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) life and death. The viability and proliferation of hMSCs in confined 3D microniches are compared with unconfined cells in 2D. Confinement biases hMSC viability and proliferation, and this influence depends on the niche volume and stiffness. The rate of cell death increases and proliferation markedly decreases upon 3D confinement. The observed differences in hMSC behavior are correlated to changes in nuclear morphology and YES‐associated protein (YAP) localization. In smaller 3D microniches, hMSCs display smaller and more rounded nuclei and primarily cytoplasmic YAP localization, indicating reduced mechanical activation upon confinement. Interestingly, these effects scale with the extent of 3D confinement. These results demonstrate that the extent of confinement in 3D can be an important regulator of cell function.
Liquid Crystal Elastomer Metamaterials with Giant Biaxial Thermal Shrinkage for Enhancing Skin Regeneration
Authors: Wu Jun , Yao Shenglian , Zhang Hang , Man Weitao , Bai Zhili , Zhang Fan , Wang Xiumei , Fang Daining , Zhang Yihui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLiquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a class of soft active materials of increasing interest, because of their excellent actuation and optical performances. While LCEs show biomimetic mechanical properties (e.g., elastic modulus and strength) that can be matched with those of soft biological tissues, their biointegrated applications have been rarely explored, in part, due to their high actuation temperatures (typically above 60 °C) and low biaxial actuation performances (e.g., actuation strain typically below 10%). Here, unique mechanics‐guided designs and fabrication schemes of LCE metamaterials are developed that allow access to unprecedented biaxial actuation strain (−53%) and biaxial coefficient of thermal expansion (−33 125 ppm K−1), significantly surpassing those (e.g., −20% and −5950 ppm K−1) reported previously. A low‐temperature synthesis method with use of optimized composition ratios enables LCE metamaterials to offer reasonably high actuation stresses/strains at a substantially reduced actuation temperature (46 °C). Such biocompatible LCE metamaterials are integrated with medical dressing to develop a breathable, shrinkable, hemostatic patch as a means of noninvasive treatment. In vivo animal experiments of skin repair with both round and cross‐shaped wounds demonstrate advantages of the hemostatic patch over conventional strategies (e.g., medical dressing and suturing) in accelerating skin regeneration, while avoiding scar and keloid generation.
Perovskite Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Structures for Interface Characterization
Authors: Cunha José M. V. , Barreiros M. Alexandra , Curado Marco A. , Lopes Tomás S. , Oliveira Kevin , Oliveira António J. N. , Barbosa João R. S. , Vilanova António , Brites Maria João , Mascarenhas João , Flandre Denis , Silva Ana G. , Fernandes Paulo A. , Salomé Pedro M. P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies. Amongst several challenges, developing and optimizing efficient electron transport layers that can be up‐scaled still remains a massive task. Admittance measurements on metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) devices allow to better understand the optoelectronic properties of the interface between perovskite and the charge carrier transport layer. This work discloses a new pathway for a fundamental characterization of the oxide/semiconductor interface in PSCs. Inverted MOS structures, that is, glass/fluorine‐doped tin oxide/tin oxide (SnO2)/perovskite are fabricated and characterized allowing to perform a comparative study on the optoelectronic characteristics of the interface between the perovskite and sputtered SnO2. Admittance measurements allow to assess the interface fixed oxide charges (Qf) and interface traps density (Dit), which are extremely relevant parameters that define interface properties of extraction layers. It is concluded that a 30 nm thick SnO2 layer without annealing presents an additional recombination mechanism compared to the other studied layers, and a 20 nm thick SnO2 layer without annealing presents the highest positive Qf values. Thus, an effective method is shown for the characterization of the charge carrier transport layer/perovskite interface using the analysis performed on perovskite‐based inverted MOS devices.