bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ regulation of microstructure and microwave-absorbing properties of FeSiAl through HNO3 oxidation
Authors: Guo Yang , Zhang Liwen , Lu Haipeng , Jian Xian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Wrapping insulation of coatings is effective for enhancing the microwave-absorbing properties (MAPs) of ferromagnetic absorbents (FMAs). However, the process is still limited by the low bonding strength with the matrix. Herein, an in situ regulation strategy based on the preparation of thin thickness and strong adhesion insulating layers through HNO3 oxidation was developed to address the limitations. The oxidation process of FeSiAl (FSA) powders was carried out by HNO3 following three main steps. First, the original oxide layer first reacted with HNO3 to form Fe3+ and Al3+. Second, the oxide layer composed of Al2O3 and Fe3O4 was preferentially formed due to the negative change in Gibbs free energy. Finally, the oxide and pigment-deposition layers were subjected to competitive growth and dissolution accompanied by the dissolution of Fe and Al atoms. Oxidation time up to 10 min resulted in the formation of a bilayer structure with a thickness of ∼50 nm on the FSA surface, as well as an outer layer crammed of Al(OH)3 and Fe(OH)3, and an inner layer containing mixed Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Al2O3, and SiO2. The MAPs of as-treated FSA achieved minimum reflection loss (RL) of −25.90 dB at 13.36 GHz, as well as absorption bandwidth of 5.61 GHz (RL < −10 dB) at 10.13–15.74 GHz and thickness of 2.5 mm. In sum, the developed route looks promising for the preparation of high-performance FMAs.
Stable novel and accurate solitary wave solutions of an integrable equation: Qiao model
Authors: Zhao Dexu , Lu Dianchen , Salama Samir A. , Khater Mostafa M. A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article investigates the dynamical and physical behavior of the second positive member in a new, utterly integrable hierarchy. This investigation depends on constructing novel analytical and approximate solutions to the Qiao model. The model’s name is after the researcher who derived the mathematical formula of it in 2007. This model possesses a Lax representation and bi-Hamiltonian structure. This study employs the unified and variational iteration (VI) method to obtain analytical and numerical solutions to the considered model. The obtained analytical solutions are used to calculate the necessary conditions for applying the suggested numerical method that makes checking the obtained solutions’ accuracy a valuable option. The obtained solutions are sketched in different techniques to explain more physical and dynamics details of the Qiao model and show the matching between obtained solutions.
Double-layer coating using MHD flow of third-grade fluid with Hall current and heat source/sink
Authors: Zeeshan  , Khan Ilyas , Amina  , Alshammari Nawa , Hamadneh Nawaf 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Multiple coating assessments of fiber optics utilizing micropolar convection non-Newtonian third-order liquid in the existence of Hall effect are examined and executed throughout this academic article. The wet-on-wet (WOW) coating process is used in the research. The fourth Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg algorithm is used to computationally solve the governing equations which dictate the movement of fluid inside the container. In this research, the RK4-Fehlberg algorithm is applied to get numerical results for a list of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) describing liquid motion. Pictorially, the contribution of regulating variables on velocity and temperature profiles is examined. It is observed that the velocity profile enhances as the viscoelastic parameter increases and the velocity profile increases for both the non-Newtonian and Hall current increasing parameters in the presence and absence of magnetic parameter M. It is observed that the velocity of the fluid decreases with the increasing values of the Hartmann number m, Brinkman number Br, and magnetic parameter M. Furthermore, the temperature profile increase for

B
r

Br

, K, M, and opposite effect is observed for

β

\beta

increases. The suggested approach is compared to homotopy analysis method (HAM) for verification purpose, and excellent agreement is obtained. In addition, as a restricted scenario, a connection is made with the existing literature.
Liquid metal-based metamaterial with high-temperature sensitivity: Design and computational study
Authors: Deng Guangsheng , Fang Linying , Yang Jun , Yin Zhiping , Fang Yong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article proposes a metamaterial-based temperature sensor with high sensitivity using the thermally tunable liquid metal of mercury. The response of the metamaterial at different temperatures is theoretically investigated. In the merit of the temperature-sensitive thermal expanding of the embedded mercury resonant structure, different absorption peak frequencies can be observed at different temperatures, which enables the proposed metamaterial capability of temperature sensing. The numerical simulations show that the temperature sensitivity of the proposed sensor can reach up to 27.64 MHz/°C within the range of 0–21.8°C. The calculated electric field and surface current distributions illustrate that the high sensitivity is originated from the dual-dipole mode of the resonant structure. Meanwhile, the dependence of the structural dimensions on temperature sensitivity is discussed to optimize the sensor design. The proposed strategy paves a new way for developing temperature sensors with high sensitivity.
Polymer Quantification Methods for Geosynthetic Clay Liners Enhanced with Anionic Polymers
Authors: Norris Anna , Scalia Joseph , Shackelford Charles D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Two methods of quantifying the amount of anionic polymer in enhanced bentonites (EBs), total carbon (TC) and loss on ignition (LOI), and several procedures were evaluated. Both methods can be applied to EBs comprising sodium bentonite (NaB) and a polymer. The composite procedure requires the use of a calibration curve created via measurement of the same EBs at varying known polymer contents. The component procedure separates the measurements of the NaB and polymer comprising the EB. The procedures evaluated included component LOI, composite TC, and two component TC procedures, one that measured only TC (component A TC) and another that measured both TC and total inorganic carbon (component B TC). The EBs evaluated included NaB enhanced with one of several anionic polymers, including low-, medium-, and high-molecular-weight poly(acrylic acid), low- and high-viscosity sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and covalently crosslinked sodium polyacrylate. Polymer contents of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) containing EBs after permeation with 500 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) or 167 mM calcium chloride (CaCl2) also were determined, and the results from the different procedures were compared. The component LOI procedure underestimated the actual polymer content of EB regardless of specimen mass or polymer type. The polymer content of nonhydrated EB-GCLs was measured within ±0.1 % (error ≤ ±6.0 %) using the composite TC procedure, corroborating the usefulness of this procedure for determining the polymer content of the EBs in pre-permeated EB-GCLs. The polymer loading of nonhydrated EBs in EB-GCLs also was measured within ±0.3 % (error ≤ ±6.4 %) using the component A TC procedure. In post-permeated EB-GCLs, the composite and component A TC procedures resulted in final polymer contents similar to those for the component B TC procedure (within 0.4–0.8 %). Thus, all three TC procedures were viable for quantifying the polymer content of the post-permeated EB-GCLs.
Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons Are Required for Contending Strategy Selection While Solving Spatial Navigation Problems
Authors: Beccaria Juan P. , Pretell Annan Carlos A. , Keifman Ettel , Murer M. Gustavo , Belforte Juan E. 
Published: December 2021

How do animals adopt a given behavioral strategy to solve a recurrent problem when several effective strategies are available to reach the goal? Here we provide evidence that striatal cholinergic interneurons (SCINs) modulate their activity when mice must select between different strategies with similar goal-reaching effectiveness. Using a cell type-specific transgenic murine system, we show that adult SCIN ablation impairs strategy selection in navigational tasks where a goal can be independently achieved by adopting an allocentric or egocentric strategy. SCIN-depleted mice learn to achieve the goal in these tasks, regardless of their appetitive or aversive nature, in a similar way as controls. However, they cannot shift away from their initially adopted strategies, as control mice do, as training progresses. Our results indicate that SCINs are required for shaping the probability function used for strategy selection as experience accumulates throughout training. Thus, SCINs may be critical for the resolution of cognitive conflicts emerging when several strategies compete for behavioral control while adapting to environmental demands. Our findings may increase our understanding about the emergence of perseverative/compulsive traits in neuropsychiatric disorders with a reported SCIN reduction, such as Tourette and Williams syndromes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSelecting the best suited strategy to solve a problem is vital. Accordingly, available strategies must be compared across multiple dimensions, such as goal attainment effectiveness, cost–benefit trade-off, and cognitive load. The striatum is involved in strategy selection when strategies clearly diverge in their goal attainment capacity; however, its role whenever several strategies can be used for goal reaching—therefore making selection dependent on additional strategy dimensions—remains poorly understood. Here, we show that striatal cholinergic interneurons can signal strategy competition. Furthermore, they are required to adopt a given strategy whenever strategies with similar goal attainment capacity compete for behavioral control. Our study suggests that striatal cholinergic dysfunction may result in anomalous resolution of problems whenever complex cognitive valuations are required.
Shape effect of Cu, Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles on stagnation point nanofluid flow in a microgravity environment
Authors: M.H.A. Kamal  , A. Ali  , Y.J. Lim  , N.A. Rawi  , S. Shafie  
Published: December 2021

The unsteady viscous nanofluid flow near a three-dimensional stagnation point was studied numerically under microgravity environment. g-Jitter is one of the effects occurs under microgravity environment that producing a fluctuating gravitational field. Three different types of nanoparticles were induced in the study that is copper (Cu), alumina (Al2O3), and titania (TiO2) which then produce a water-based typed of nanofluid. In addition, different shape of nanoparticle was applied on the study in analyzing the performance of each types of nanoparticle. The fluid system was then mathematically formulated into a system of partial differential equation based on physical law and principle such as conservation of mass, Newton’s second law and conservation of energy. The system of equation then undergoes semi-similar transformation technique in reducing the complexity of the problem into non dimensionless form. Keller box method was applied into the dimensionless system of equations in solving the problem numerically. The problem was analyzed in term of velocity and temperature profiles together with skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number. The results shown that temperature profile, skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number were increase while velocity profile decreased as nanoparticle volume fraction decreased. The results indicated that, the needle-shaped nanoparticles give the highest enhancement on the heat transfer of the nanofluid compared to sphere and disk-shaped nanoparticles with more than 14% significant different. In addition, alumina hold the highest velocity profile while copper hold the lowest velocity profile.
The Classification of Covid-19 cases through the Employment of Transfer Learning on X-ray images
Authors: Hakimi Nur Ameerah , Mohd  Razman Mohd Azhar , P. P. Abdul Majeed Anwar 
Published: December 2021

Covid-19 is a contagious disease that known to cause respirotary infection in humans. Almost 219 countries are effected by the outbreak of the latest coronavirus pandemic, exceed 100 millions of confirmed cases and about 2 million death recorded aound the world. This condition is alarming as some of the people who are infected with the virus show no symptoms of the disease. Due to the number of confirmed cases rapidly rising around the world, it is crucial find another method to diagnose the disease at the beginnings stage in order to control the spreading of the virus. Another alternative test from the main screening method is by using chest radiology image based detection which are X-ray or CT scan images. The aim of this research is to classify the Covid-19 cases by using the image classification technique.The dataset consist of 2000 images of chest X-ray images and have two classes which are Covid and Non-Covid. Each of the class consists of 1000 images.This research compare the performance of the various Transfer Learning models (VGG-16, VGG-19, and Inception V3) in extracting the feature from X-ray image combined with machine learning model (SVM, kNN, and Random Forest) as a classifier. The experiment result showed the VGG-19, VGG-16, and Inception V3 coupled with optimized SVM pipelines are comparably efficient in classifying the cases as compared to other pipelines evaluated in this reaseach and could archieved 99% acuuracy on the test datasets.
The Paris Agreement 5 Years Later: The Challenges of Climate Finance and Multilateral Development Banks
Authors: Gugliotta Oscar Rosario 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In all matters regarding climate change, the modern world presents complex challenges which highlight how investments in infrastructure have as of yet been inconclusive. The emission percentages calculated by relevant studies demonstrate the need for long-term investments in infrastructures, to ultimately reduce the impact on the environment and our health. To this end, in alignment with the principles expressed in the Paris Agreement – reducing global warming and incentivising a zero-emission transportation system – and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), these new infrastructures will require a structural change that can be guaranteed by multilateral development banks (MDBs), given their nature, especially within developing countries. MDBs play an important role in supporting local governments, on the one hand creating a prosperous environment for sustainable infrastructures and, on the other, providing innovative financial instruments that could increase the financial sector’s participation. In this paper, aft er a brief excursus on the Paris Agreement’s role in the global climatic crisis, there will be an evaluation of the relations between MDBs and climate finance, with a focus on green bonds.
Polish, and Slovak, Women in the European Parliament: an Analysis of the Results of the Election Held in May 2019
Authors: Lis-Staranowicz Dorota , Jáger Róbert 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The objective of our paper is to analyse the political activity of Polish, and Slovak, women in EP elections; we aim to determine, among other things: whether gender quotas are a decisive factor for women’s electoral success, or do other factors result in an increase/decrease in the number of female candidates and the number of women MEPs? What are the particular characteristics of women representing Poland, and Slovakia, in the EP? What was their path to the EP? Which (conservative, liberal) parties are more willing to put women forward in EP elections? Poland introduced the so-called gender quotas into the electoral system, while Slovakia does not have such legal solutions in place. However, when comparing Slovakia to the situation in Poland, it can be stated that although there is a system of election quotas in Poland, its practical implementation may be purely theoretical. In percentage terms, the number of Slovak women elected to the European Parliament (except 2019) was significantly higher than in Poland, even though there is no quota system in the Slovak Republic. The success of Polish, and Slovak, women in the elections to the EP of the 9th term is the result of many factors, which include so-called electoral engineering (quotas, gender balance, first and second places on lists), electoral strategy of a party, but above all, political and social activity of the women themselves. We consider the last factor to be determinant in this respect.
El gobierno: la fruta prohibida para las mujeres en Marruecos (1997-2021)
Authors: Parejo-Fernández María Angustias , El Khamsi Rajae 
Published: December 2021

Este artículo analiza la evolución de la participación y la representación política de las mujeres en Marruecos en el Gobierno desde finales de los noventa hasta 2021. Nuestra hipótesis de partida es que el proceso de autonomización del movimiento feminista de los partidos políticos, y su liderazgo y coordinación de la agenda de reivindicación feminista (a finales del siglo XX y tras la Primavera Árabe de 2011) son determinantes en el impulso e implementación de las reformas que favorecen una mayor participación política de las mujeres en Marruecos; pero que esa participación es tardía y limitada en el ámbito del poder ejecutivo.
Systematization of the student’s knowledge in the course of applied mathematics
Authors: Šileikienė Regina Dalytė , Lukoševičiūtė Kristina 
Published: December 2021

The methodology for the systematization of the student’s knowledge was discussed. The student when solving some mathematical problem has to return to theoreticalmodels from time to time, to analyze them, to compare them to the solutions made by computer and to describe the suitability of the methodology.
Efficient loop-check for multimodal KD45n logic
Authors: Birštunas Adomas 
Published: December 2021

We introduce sequent calculus for multi-modal logic KD45n which uses efficient loop-check. Efficiency of the used loop-check is obtained by using marked modal operator squarei which is used as an alternative to sequent with histories ([2,3]).We use inference rules with or branches to make all rules invertible or semi-invertible. We showthe maximum height of the constructed derivation tree. Also polynomial space complexity is proved.
Truss’ topology and shape optimization by genetic algorithms
Authors: Šešok Dmitrij , Ragauskas Paulius 
Published: December 2021

In the paper the global optimization problem of truss systems is studied. The genetic algorithms are employed for the optimization. As the objective function the structure mass is treated; the constraints include equilibrium, local stability and other requirements. All the truss system characteristics needed for genetic algorithm are obtained via finite element solution. Topology optimization of truss system is performed using original modified genetic algorithm, while the shape optimization – using ordinary genetic algorithm. Numerical solutions are presented. The obtained solutions are compared with global extremes obtained using full search algorithm. All the numerical examples are solved using original software.
The influence of gender stereotyping and demographic factors on academic choice: The case of the University of Debrecen
Authors: Sanaa Taher Saleh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Education is the proven guarantor of gender equality and sustainable development. Empirical evidence from previous studies in European countries (Favara, 2012; Geerdink & Dekkers, 2011; OECD, 2009) shows that women are incompletely represented in many areas of technical and scientific education. This study examined the impact of gender stereotypes and factors related to family background, university criteria, and the main factors influencing students’ academic choices at the University of Debrecen. The research question was: what is the impact of gender stereotypes and demographic factors on students’ academic choices? The research relied on a qualitative approach. 12 qualitative interviews were conducted with international students at undergraduate and postgraduate level. The research used semi-structured interviews with five main blocks of questions. The dimensions explored included the following: 1. introduction and context of the interviewee, 2. gender stereotypes, 3. family background, 4. university characteristics, 5. factors motivating academic selection. After data collection, the transcripts were analysed using an open coding method, which involved line-by-line and word-by-word analysis (Khandkar, 2009). This helped to identify the most important factors influencing students’ academic choices. The socio-educational role of the family, the scholarship Stependium Hungaricum, the facilities and services of the university, the geopolitical academic location, the UNIDEB ranking, the quality of life and study, the scholarships, the realistic, materialistic goals of future life, and the impact of gender stereotypes expressed by the students (as a product of society, choice and belief, the liberal generation) influenced the academic choice of the international students at the University of Debrecen.
Monitoreo de aprendizajes en escuelas públicas chilenas en contexto COVID-19.
Authors: Leiva-Guerrero María Verónica , Sanhueza-Mansilla Jimena Ivonne , Soto-Calderón María Paz , Muñoz-Lameles María Eliana 
Published: December 2021

En el actual contexto de pandemia se ha condicionado la escolaridad, rompiendo con las pautas cotidianas de las escuelas y comprometiendo alternativas paliativas para la puesta en marcha, especialmente las relativas a la evaluación. Las escuelas se ven desafiadas a un seguimiento dimanado del Ministerio de Educación, como la Priorización curricular y los nuevos escenarios de aprendizaje en casa. En este contexto resulta de gran interés analizar cómo incorporar el proceso de monitoreo y evaluación de aprendizajes en clases no presenciales durante la pandemia en Chile, estableciéndose como objetivo analizar el proceso de monitoreo de aprendizajes en las escuelas públicas de Chile. Se han seleccionado 50 escuelas públicas, que son parte del programa Sumo Primero en Terreno ejecutado por el Ministerio de Educación (MINEDUC) y la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV). La metodología de tipo cualitativa, se basa en entrevistas en profundidad a los equipos directivos de estas escuelas. Como conclusiones más relevantes está la diversidad de concepciones y finalidades del monitoreo que tienen los directivos, la sistematicidad del mismo en su frecuencia y en las herramientas para llevarlo a cabo, la concentración de la comunicación en el uso de los medios de comunicación WhatsApp, teléfono, mail y redes sociales, así como las dificultades para sistematizar fórmulas que atiendan a la variedad y singularidad de todos y cada uno de sus estudiantes.