bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the diachronous transition of C3 to C4 plants in the Himalayan foreland and other parts of the globe: A sedimentological perspective
Authors: Ghosh Sambit , Bera Melinda Kumar , Roy Biswajit , Sanyal Prasanta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Himalayan foreland basin and other parts of the world had witnessed a dramatic change in the ecological structure during the Late Miocene, as indicated by the increase in abundance of C4 plants in a C3 dominated ecosystem. However, the asynchronous expansion of C4 plants across the latitudes, as well as within the different sub‐basins of the Himalayan foreland basin, tentatively suggests that regional climatic factors and sedimentary architecture vis‐à‐vis geomorphological settings might have an important influence in controlling the abundance of C4 plants. This study has carried out sedimentological and palaeohydrological analyses of the Siwalik channels at Naladkhad and Ranital regions of the Kangra sub‐basin, north‐west Himalaya, and estimated slope and sinuosity of the modern Himalayan fan rivers (n > 100), which provides a hydrological analogue for the Siwalik channels. The results suggest that the Siwalik Group in the Kangra sub‐basin was deposited by braided rivers, situated at the proximal part of palaeo‐alluvial fan. In addition to climate‐driven changes, the comparison between sedimentary architecture and published carbon isotope data from the Kangra sub‐basin suggests that channel‐fill dominated fan‐proximal Naladkhad and Ranital regions favoured the growth of C3 plants until ca 6 Ma, a time when Pakistan Siwaliks were dominated by C4 plants. In comparison to the Kangra sub‐basin, Pakistan Siwaliks are characterized by a higher abundance of floodplain sediments and possibly represent a distal fan deposit. Data from other parts of the world similarly suggest that, in addition to climate forcing, the dominance of overbank fines favoured the growth of C4 plants. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the depositional environment and palaeo‐geomorphic setting of the sedimentary archives is essential to understand the influence of sedimentary architecture on the spatio‐temporal variation in the abundance of C4 vegetation, especially for foreland basin settings, where lateral facies transition rate is high.
Coarse‐grained deltas approaching shallow‐water canyon heads: A case study from the Lower Pleistocene Messina Strait, Southern Italy
Authors: Longhitano Sergio G. , Chiarella Domenico , Gugliotta Marcello , Ventra Dario 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe tide‐dominated Messina Strait (southern Italy) is a 3 km wide marine passageway, whose block‐faulted borders form steep subaqueous zones incised by canyons and gullies. These erosional features retreat towards the shorelines and are often in direct connection with subaerial valley‐bounded river deltas. High‐energy density‐flows generated by river floods periodically enter the canyon heads, attaining supercritical‐flow regime and accreting large, upslope‐migrating bedforms. Although these bedforms have been documented in recent studies, little attention has been paid to the definition of the type of delta entering canyon heads, the internal features of river‐influenced deposits accumulated in the nearshore zone, and their interplay with tidal currents flowing axially to the strait. This study focuses on a Lower Pleistocene coarse‐grained succession exposed along the north‐eastern margin of the modern Messina Strait, investigated using conventional facies analysis and sedimentological logging, integrated with photogrammetric techniques and interpretation of drone‐acquired imagery. Facies confinement between basement blocks suggests a subaqueous delta complex shed from the tectonically controlled margin of the ancient strait and entering shallowly submerged canyon heads. Basal breccias, conglomerates and pebbly sandstones exhibiting channel‐form discontinuities and upslope dipping backsets are interpreted as cyclic‐step and antidune deposits. Units composed of these facies are comprised between master erosional surfaces and tidal ravinement surfaces. The tidal ravinements suggest that canyon infill occurred during a major phase of sea‐level rise, punctuated by minor falls and stillstands. These surfaces are overlain by mixed bioclastic–siliciclastic, arenitic, trough and planar cross‐strata, representing dunes migrating roughly parallel to the palaeo‐coastline and originated by tidal currents amplified by the narrowing of the ancient Messina Strait. Tidal‐influenced sedimentation dominated over the fluvial‐influenced processes during the late transgression, overfilling the canyon relief. The exceptionally good exposure of depositional architectures and facies characteristics is key to outline the general features of a specific type of delta system, fed by valley‐bounded rivers and entering canyon heads in the nearshore of tectonically‐controlled, tide‐influenced steep strait margins. The pre‐existing subaqueous incised topography forced the delta front to be split into lobe branches during the canyon infilling, hampering clinoform architectures and preserving large supercritical‐flow sedimentary structures. This study suggests these as possible criteria for the recognition of similar systems in outcrop or subsurface.
Complexity untwined: The structure and function of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) shoot phloem
Authors: Sui Xiaolei , Nie Jing , Liu Huan , Lin Tao , Yao Xuehui , Turgeon Robert 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYCucurbit phloem is complex, with large sieve tubes on both sides of the xylem (bicollateral phloem), and extrafascicular elements that form an intricate web linking the rest of the vasculature. Little is known of the physical interconnections between these networks or their functional specialization, largely because the extrafascicular phloem strands branch and turn at irregular angles. Here, export in the phloem from specific regions of the lamina of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was mapped using carboxyfluorescein and 14C as mobile tracers. We also mapped vascular architecture by conventional microscopy and X‐ray computed tomography using optimized whole‐tissue staining procedures. Differential gene expression in the internal (IP) and external phloem (EP) was analyzed by laser‐capture microdissection followed by RNA‐sequencing. The vascular bundles of the lamina form a nexus at the petiole junction, emerging in a predictable pattern, each bundle conducting photoassimilate from a specific region of the blade. The vascular bundles of the stem interconnect at the node, facilitating lateral transport around the stem. Elements of the extrafascicular phloem traverse the stem and petiole obliquely, joining the IP and EP of adjacent bundles. Using pairwise comparisons and weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we found differences in gene expression patterns between the petiole and stem and between IP and EP, and we identified hub genes of tissue‐specific modules. Genes related to transport were expressed primarily in the EP while those involved in cell differentiation and development as well as amino acid transport and metabolism were expressed mainly in the IP.
The role of early natural killer cell adoptive infusion before engraftment in protecting against human herpesvirus‐6B encephalitis after naïve T‐cell‐depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Gasior Mercedes , Ferreras Cristina , de Paz Raquel , Bueno David , Mozo Yasmina , Sisinni Luisa , Canizales Juan Torres , González Berta , Olivas‐Mazón Raquel , Marcos Antonio , Romero Ana Belén , Constanzo Aída , Mirones Isabel , Fernández‐Arroyo Alba , Balas Antonio , Vicario Jose Luis , Escudero Adela , Yuste Víctor Jiménez , Pérez‐Martínez Antonio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNaïve T‐cell‐depleted grafts have been employed as an ex vivo T‐cell depletion (TCD) platform to prevent graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) and improve immune reconstitution by providing rapid donor memory T‐cell reconstitution after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). CD45RA− memory T cells confer protection against viruses such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, and adenovirus; however, reports have shown an unexpectedly high incidence of human herpesvirus (HHV)‐6B encephalitis among pediatric allo‐HSCT patients.MethodsWe report the first 18 consecutive allo‐HSCT, 16 haplo‐HSCT, and two human leukocyte antigen‐matched related donors implanted with naïve TCD grafts. All donors were administered three cell products: first, a CD34+ stem cell product; second, a CD45RA+ TCD graft, followed by an adoptive natural killer (NK) cell infusion within 10 days after HSCT. The study's primary endpoint was the incidence of HHV‐6B encephalitis.ResultsEngraftment was achieved in 94.5% of cases; 2‐year overall survival, event‐free survival, and GvHD/relapse‐free survival were 87.2% (95% CI 78.6–95.8), 67.3% (95% CI 53.1–81.5), and 64% (95% CI 50.5–78.1), respectively. HHV‐6B reactivation occurred in 7 of the haplo‐HSCT patients, six of who received a cell infusion with an NK/CD4 ratio <2. None of the patients developed encephalitis.ConclusionsIn this clinical study, we show that early adoptive NK cell infusion after a 45RA+ TCD allo‐HSCT graft is safe and can prevent HHV‐6B encephalitis. We recommend infusing adoptive NK cells after allo‐HSCT using CD45RA+ TCD grafts.
Potentially modifiable predictors of cell collection efficiencies and product characteristics of allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell collections
Authors: Pham Huy P. , Dormesy Stephanie , Wolfe Kurt , Budhai Alexandra , Sachais Bruce S. , Shi Patricia A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) and immune effector cell (IEC) therapies often require high doses of mononuclear cells (MNCs), whether CD34+ cells, lymphocytes, or monocytes. Cells for IEC can be sourced from HPC products. We thus examined potentially modifiable variables affecting collection efficiencies (CEs) of MNC subsets in HPC collection and also of the typically undesired cell types of platelets, granulocytes, and red cells, which hinder downstream processing. Finally, we sought to confirm previously indeterminate studies of the effect of an adjusted collect flow rate (CFR) on CD34+ CE.Study Design and MethodsWe performed univariate and multivariate regression analyses of all 135 National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) HPC collections in 2019 and compared these fixed CFR procedures to previous NMDP collections using adjusted CFRs.ResultsTarget cell CEs decreased with increasing peripheral blood (PB) concentration and were associated with different cell type locations within the MNC layer. CEs of undesired cell types varied with standard procedural parameters (inlet flow rate, whole blood processed, etc.). Interestingly, some CEs increased with preapheresis hematocrit. Finally, adjusting the CFR by PB MNC count improved MNC CE but not CD34+ CE.ConclusionCorrelation of target cell CEs with their PB concentration and different cell type locations by depth within the MNC layer indicates the importance of investigating the compensatory fine‐tuning of procedure variables to improve CE. Correlation of CEs with PB hematocrit, and CFR adjustment by a modified PB MNC and/or PB CD34 algorithm should be further explored. Adjusting standard procedural parameters may reduce product contamination.
Complications and outcomes of cats with coxofemoral luxation treated with hip toggle stabilization using ultrahigh–molecular‐weight‐polyethylene or nylon (2009‐2018): 48 cats
Authors: Espinel Rupérez Jorge , Arthurs Gareth I. , Hewit Andrew , Langley‐Hobbs Sorrel , Trostel C. Todd , Phillips Andrew S. J. , Keeley Ben , Maritato Karl C. , Jones Stephen C. , Franklin Phil H. , Whitelock Richard , Fernández Pérez Cristina , Mullins Ronan A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report overall rate and type of complications and outcomes of cats with coxofemoral luxation managed with hip toggle stabilization (HTS), to compare rate of postoperative complications and outcomes of cats treated with ultrahigh–molecular‐weight‐polyethylene (UHMWPE) or nylon, and to identify risk factors for reluxation and non‐excellent outcomes.Study designMulti‐institutional retrospective cohort study.Sample populationForty‐eight client‐owned cats.MethodsMedical records of cats that underwent HTS from 2008‐2018 using UHMWPE or nylon were reviewed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess for factors associated with reluxation and non‐excellent outcome. Final outcome was obtained from owner questionnaire.ResultsIntraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded in two (4.2%) and 11 (24.4%) cats, respectively. The most common postoperative complication was reluxation (n = 5 [11.1%]). Outcome was classified as excellent in 81.1% and good in 16.2% of cats after a median of 445.5 days (range, 53‐3720). No difference in rate of complications or outcomes was identified between UHMWPE and nylon. Performance of additional orthopedic procedures, occurrence of intraoperative complications, and non‐performance of capsulorrhaphy were associated with reluxation. Performance of additional non‐hip procedures (orthopedic/nonorthopedic) was associated with non‐excellent outcome.ConclusionHip toggle stabilization was associated with a low rate of intraoperative complications and reluxation and excellent long‐term outcomes in most cats. No difference in rate of postoperative complications or outcomes of cats treated using UHMWPE or nylon was identified. Cats that underwent additional orthopedic procedures had greater risk of reluxation.Clinical significanceHip toggle stabilization is an effective technique for management of coxofemoral luxation in cats. Comparable results are expected using UHMWPE or nylon.
The Importance of Context and Organization Culture in the Understanding of Nurses’ Barriers Against Research Utilization: A Systematic Review
Authors: Berthelsen Connie , Hølge‐Hazelton Bibi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have explored nurses’ perceived barriers to research utilization. In this study, considerations of how to break down the barriers are discussed in order to find new ways to develop and strengthen evidence‐based practice.AimsThe objective of the study was to identify nurses’ perceptions of barriers to research utilization in clinical practice between the years of 2000 and 2018 and across continents by reviewing studies that used the Barriers to Research Utilization (BARRIERS) scale (Appl Nurs Res, 4, 1991, 39).DesignA systematic review of observational studies based on Joanna Briggs specific guidelines.MethodsA systematic search to identify and select eligible studies was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and SCOPUS during January 2019. Google Scholar was also searched to identify additional studies using the Funk et al. (Appl Nurs Res, 4, 1991, 39) BARRIERS scale. An instrument for quality appraisal was constructed for this paper by combining two similar and previously used cross‐sectional study checklists (Int J Sociol Soc Policy, 23, 8, 2003; Implement Sci, 5, 32, 2010). Descriptive statistics were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 25).ResultsThe 27 included studies were conducted in 16 countries across five continents and 11,276 nurses participated. Seven of the top 10 barriers were comprised of organizational factors. These organizational barriers were consistent over time and the five continents, with 56% of the listed top 10 barriers falling under the organizational category. From the year 2000 to 2008, the majority of the studies were conducted in Europe and Australia. However, for the next 10 years (2008–2018), the majority of studies were conducted in Asia, Africa, and North America.Linking Evidence to ActionTo break down the nurses’ barriers to research utilization, our future practice and research focus will be to conduct intervention studies focusing on the effect of facilitators and contextual environment, as well as developing nursing research cultures in clinical practice with support from the nursing management.
Topological Reconfiguration Planning for a Variable Topology Truss
Authors: Spinos Alexander , Carroll Devin , Kientz Terry , Yim Mark 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces a new class of self-reconfigurable robot: the variable topology truss (VTT), which is an extension of an existing class of robots: the variable geometry truss (VGT). Variable topology trusses have the additional capability to change the topology of the truss through self-reconfiguration by merging and splitting the nodes of the truss. We first introduce a hardware platform that enables this reconfigurability. We give a procedure to compute all possible distinct reconfiguration actions for a given robot topology. We show that 18 members are required for a minimal reconfigurable VTT, and we exhaustively enumerate all possible reconfigurable topologies for VTTs up to 29 members. Lastly, we introduce the topology network, which describes the relationship between these reconfigurable topologies. The topology network concept enables some high-level planning and provides insights into the design of truss topologies.
Tool Wear Online Monitoring Method Based on DT and SSAE-PHMM
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Liu Lilan , Wan Xiang , Feng Bowen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The real-time requirements of tool wear states monitoring are getting higher and higher, at the same time, tool wear monitoring lacks a modeling data comprehensive carrier, which hinders its application in the actual machining process. In order to solve this problem, combining the high fidelity real-time behavior simulation characteristics of digital twin (DT) and the powerful data mining capabilities of artificial intelligence, an online tool wear monitoring method based on DT and Stack Sparse Auto-Encoder-parallel hidden Markov model (SSAE-PHMM) was proposed. First, a DT which can reflect the real state of the tool was established, and the tool wear state was predicted by visual display and analysis in the virtual space; Second, a tool wear state recognition model based on SSAE-PHMM was established, which can adaptively complete time domain feature extraction. And for each tool wear state, multiple HMM models were combined into a PHMM model to realize accurate recognition of tool wear state. PHMM overcome the defects of poor convergence and long training time of artificial neural network, and greatly improved the performance of classifier. Through the deep integration of DT and artificial intelligence, real-time data-driven tool wear qualitative and quantitative online monitoring was realized, and the effectiveness of this method was verified by experiments.
Improving Production Performance Through Multi-Plant Cross Learning
Authors: Huang Jing , Chang Qing , Qian Yu , Arinez Jorge , Xiao Guoxian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The advancement in Web-/Internet-based technologies and applications in manufacturing sector has increased the tilization of cyber workspace to enable more efficient and effective ways of doing manufacturing from distributed locations. This work introduces a novel continuous improvement framework to enhance the performance of production lines through multi-plant comparison and learning among identical or similar production lines in different locations by leveraging the information stored on factory cloud. In this work, production data from multiple identical production lines are collected and analyzed to learn the “best” feasible action on critical machines, which offers a new way to optimize the management of product lines. Machine learning and system model are used to find the relationships between the performance index and the available data. A real case study based on multiple similar automotive plants is provided to demonstrate the method and the increases of throughput are predicted.
Improved Sleep Quality and Depressive Symptoms With Exercise Training in Obese Women From a Low Socioeconomic Community: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mendham Amy E. , Goedecke Julia H. , Fortuin-de Smidt Melony C. , Phiri Lindokuhle , Clamp Louise , Swart Jeroen , Lipinska Gosia , Rae Dale E. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Improving sleep quality and reducing depressive symptoms may be target mechanisms for intervention-based research aimed at reducing cardiometabolic risk in low-income communities. This study assessed the effects of exercise training on depressive symptoms and sleep in obese women for a low socioeconomic community. The secondary aim explored associations between changes in depressive symptoms and sleep with changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: Participants were randomized into exercise (n = 20) or control (n = 15) groups. The exercise group completed 12 weeks of combined resistance and aerobic training (40–60 min, 4 d/wk), and the control group maintained habitual diet and activity. Preintervention and postintervention testing included questionnaires on symptoms of depression, psychological distress, and sleep quality. Sedentary time, peak oxygen consumption, body mass index, and insulin sensitivity were measured objectively. Sleep duration (accelerometry) was assessed at preintervention and weeks 4, 8, and 12. Results: Exercise training reduced depressive symptoms (P = .002) and improved sleep quality (P < .001) and sleep efficiency (P = .005). Reduced depressive symptoms were associated with improved peak oxygen consumption (rho = −.600, P < .001), and improved sleep quality correlated with reduced sedentary time (rho = .415, P = .018). Conclusion: These results highlight the potential for community-based exercise interventions to simultaneously address multiple comorbidities in a low-income setting.
Modeling habitat suitability and management options for maintaining round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum) in Adirondack ponds
Authors: Conley Amy K. , Schlesinger Matthew D. , Daley James G. , Holst Lisa K. , Howard Timothy G. 
Published: March 2021

Habitat loss, acid precipitation, and non-native species have drastically reduced the number of Adirondack waterbodies occupied by round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum). The goal of this study was to (1) increase the probability of reintroduction success by modeling the suitability of ponds for reintroduction and (2) better understand the effects of different rates of pond reclamation. We created a species distribution model that identified 70 waterbodies that were physically similar to occupied ponds. The most influential variables for describing round whitefish habitat included trophic, temperature, and alkalinity classes; waterbody maximum depth; maximum air temperature; and surrounding soil texture and impervious surface. Next, we simulated population dynamics under a variety of treatment scenarios and compared the probability of complete extirpation using a modified Markov model. Under almost all management strategies and under pressure from non-native competitors such as those observed in the past 30 years, the number of occupied ponds will decline over the next 100 years. Restoring one pond every 3 years, however, would result in a 99% chance of round whitefish persistence after 100 years.