bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell growth and removal capacity of ibuprofen and diclofenac by Parachlorella kessleri at bench scale
Authors: Jiménez‐Bambague Eliana M , Florez‐Castillo Juan S , Gómez‐Angulo Rosa D , Morales‐Acosta Paola A , Peña‐Salamanca Enrique J , Machuca‐Martínez Fiderman , Madera‐Parra Carlos A 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe presence of pharmaceutical compounds has been studied in several countries in Latin America, and many xenobiotic compounds have been identified in wastewater, surface water and even drinking water, including ibuprofen and diclofenac. Microalgal‐based systems have been identified as a good alternative for removing these micropollutants, particularly under tropical conditions, and they are associated with low operational cost and high removal efficiency. Although studies for removing pharmaceutical compounds with Parachlorella kessleri are scarce, this microalga has demonstrated good performance in the treatment of wastewater.RESULTSUsing doses of ibuprofen of 1000 and 16 000 μg L−1 and of diclofenac of 100 and 500 μg L−1, the removal efficiency of P. kessleri was evaluated under controlled conditions for periods of 12, 48 and 96 h during cell growth. A hormesis process was identified after an alarm phase at the first 12 h and a recovery at 48 h for ibuprofen, because the diclofenac curve achieved an early death phase, which was associated with oxidative damage. Total removal of up to 51.3% and 55.7% was obtained for ibuprofen and diclofenac, respectively. These removal efficiencies were mostly influenced by microalgae by the process of bioaccumulation/adsorption (23.3% for ibuprofen and 37.1% for diclofenac) and by other mechanisms (40.6% for ibuprofen and 44% for diclofenac).CONCLUSIONRemoval efficiencies were mainly associated with the presence of microalgae and removal mechanisms such as bioaccumulation and biodegradation for diclofenac, and biodegradation for ibuprofen. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Novel triangle tip‐jet knife increases efficiency in peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia
Authors: Motomura Douglas , Hew Simon , Bechara Robert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimPeroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is performed globally for the treatment of achalasia. A newly available endoscopic knife, the triangle tip‐jet (TTJ) (Olympus Triangle TipKnife‐J, KD‐645L), has the capability of knife dissection along with submucosal injection. We aim to present our experience with the TTJ knife in comparison to the conventional TT knife in POEM, with a focus on procedural characteristics including time, efficiency, and the number of instrument exchanges.MethodsAll patients with achalasia who underwent POEM between March 2016 and March 2020 at a single tertiary academic center were included in the retrospective cohort. Demographic, procedural, and outcomes data were compared.ResultsNinety‐two procedures, 48 using the TT knife, and 44 with the TTJ knife were analyzed. Demographic data were similar. Procedure time was reduced using the TTJ knife (87 vs 61 min, P = <0.001) despite similar myotomy lengths (16.5 vs 15.2 cm, P = 0.09). Efficiency was increased in the TTJ group (5.5 vs 4.3 min/cm of procedure, P = 0.005). The number of instrument exchanges (16.7–1.7, P = <0.001) and usage of coagulation forceps decreased (1.7–0.5, P = <0.001). There was no difference in the procedural difficulty (POEM difficulty score [PDS] 2.2 vs 2.4, P = 0.4). Patients with higher procedural difficulty saw a greater improvement in procedural outcomes. Procedural success was high in both groups (96% vs 100%, P = 0.2). No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionsThe use of the TTJ knife increases efficiency during POEM for Achalasia. The total procedure time is decreased by 28–41%, and procedural efficiency is increased by 22–34%.
Tractometry‐Based Estimation of Corticospinal Tract Injury to Assess Initial Impairment and Predict Functional Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Li Yuanhao , Yan Su , Zhang Guiling , Shen Nanxi , Wu Di , Lu Jun , Zhou Yiran , Liu Yufei , Zhu Hongquan , Li Li , Zhang Shun , Zhu Wenzhen 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundCorticospinal tract (CST) injury has been shown to exert a major influence on functional recovery after ischemic stroke.PurposeTo evaluate the prognostic value of CST injury estimated using a recent developed tractometry‐based method.Study TypeProspective.PopulationForty‐eight patients with CST damage induced by stroke lesion who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging within 7 days from onset.SequenceDiffusion‐weighted imaging (b = 1000 seconds/mm2) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) spin‐echo echo‐planar sequence with three b‐values (0, 1250, and 2500 seconds/mm2) at 3.0 T.AssessmentA recently developed approach that combines tract segmentation and orientation mapping was used for CST‐specific tractography and tractometry. CST injury was estimated using the proposed method with diffusion metrics extracted from DKI sequence and with the first principal component (PC1) of the metrics. We also calculated the weighted lesion load (wLL) for comparison. Clinical evaluation included the National Institutes of Health Stroke Score in the acute phase and the modified Rankin scale at 3 months post‐stroke. The correlations between CST injury and initial motor impairment, as well as the prognostic values of CST injury for functional outcomes were evaluated.Statistical TestsPearson correlation and logistic regression. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsCST injury calculated with diffusion metrics except fractional anisotropy all showed significant correlations with initial motor impairment. PC1 achieved the largest correlation coefficient (R = 0.65) compared with wLL and other diffusion metrics. In addition to wLL, DKI_AK, AFD_total, and PC1 maximum all showed predictive values for functional outcomes.Data ConclusionStructural injury to CST is important for the assessment of the extent of injury and the prediction of functional outcome. The method proposed in our study could provide an imaging indicator to quantify the CST injury after ischemic stroke.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Effects of algal–bacterial ratio on the growth and cadmium accumulation of Chlorella salina–Bacillus subtilis consortia
Authors: Yu Qingnan , Li Peihuan , Li Benwei , Zhang Chen , Zhang Chunhua , Ge Ying 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlgae–bacteria consortia have been proven effective in the removal of metal pollutants, but the effects of algal–bacterial ratio in the metal accumulation and resistance by this symbiotic system have not been systematically investigated. In this study, we set up consortia with various ratios of Chlorella salina–Bacillus subtilis, determined their growth, Cd accumulation, levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH), extracellular polysaccharide, phosphorus (P) in the culture medium, and functional groups of consortia after Cd treatments (0.1, 0.5, 1 mg L−1) for 7 days. With the addition of B. subtilis in the C. salina culture, the dry weight and specific growth rate of the consortia significantly increased compared with C. salina alone, reaching 68.33 mg and 0.382 (mg L−1) d−1 respectively at the 1:4 algal–bacterial ratio with 1 mg L−1 Cd treatment. Maximum Cd removal (51.66%) was also observed upon the same Cd exposure and algal–bacterial ratio. Cadmium was mostly taken up into cells at 1 mg L−1 Cd whereas its adsorption dominated the accumulation when Cd was 0.1 and 0.5 mg L−1. The amounts of extracellular polysaccharides, GSH, and P of the symbiotic system were also increased by the bacterial addition. Besides, Fouriertransform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis showed that functional groups like N–H, O–H, and P–O–C were involved in the Cd complexation. Taken together, a higher bacterial ratio promoted the Cd accumulation and detoxification by the C. salina–B. subtilis consortia through intra‐ and extracellular processes.
Changeable wettability of electrospun membrane by adjusting self‐assembly micelles structure of amphiphilic block copolymer
Authors: Wang Lingxiao , Liang Xinyue , Xu Guilong , Hu Jian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFiber membranes with high specific surface area can be produced when using electrospinning technology combined with amphiphilic block polymers. Due to the solubility difference between the two segments of amphiphilic block polymers, it is easy to be self‐assembly in solvents, which affects the morphology of the spinning fiber and the surface properties of the membrane. In this work, the relationship between the self‐assembly of the amphiphilic block polymer and the morphology of the spinning fiber and the wetting performance of the spinning membrane was explored. Membrane is produced by electrospinning amphiphilic block copolymer PS‐b‐PHEMA (polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) by using co‐solvent system. PS‐b‐PHEMA with controlled molecular weight (Mw) and polymer dispersity index (PDI) was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The electrospun membrane have both super‐hydrophobic and super‐hydrophilic by adjusting the ratio of mixed solvents, demonstrating that the wetting performance of the fiber membrane mainly depends on the shell structure of the self‐assembly micelles.
Flexible strain sensor with ridge‐like microstructures for wearable applications
Authors: Wang Meng , Mu Lin , Zhang Hao , Ma Suqian , Liang Yunhong , Ren Lei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe flexible stretchable sensors have great potential for implementation in various applications, such as intelligent soft robots, health monitoring, and motion detection. However, most of the flexible stretchable sensors with microstructures and high sensitivities are fabricated by expensive templates and complex processes. In consideration of large‐scale fabrication, a low cost and efficient way is in great demand. Herein, electroless plating on Nafion films with decent swelling ratios are proposed to fabricate stretchable sensors with wrinkle‐structured electrodes. By adding isopropanol (IPA) to the electroless plating process, the H2O‐IPA sensor with larger swelling ratio shows deeper surface wrinkles, higher surface roughness, and better sensitivity to strain. At the same time, the H2O‐IPA sensor exhibit good durability (500 cycles). By mounting the sensor on the joint of human finger, the motion of the finger bending and even the bending degree can be accurately detected, indicating the potential use in the field of wearable devices and soft electronic skins.
Quantum Artificial Synapses
Authors: Meng You , Yip Sen Po , Wang Wei , Liu Chuntai , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeuromorphic in‐memory computing systems, comprising artificial synapses and neurons, can overcome the energy inefficiency and throughput limitation of today's von Neumann computing architecture. Recently, powered by the unique properties of quantum materials, for example, high mobility, outstanding sensitivity, and strong quantum effect, researchers have built quantum artificial synapses to mimic the biological ones. These quantum electronic/photonic synapses can precisely define their conductance state (or synaptic weight) for emulating synaptic behaviors, which shows bionic performance unreachable by other conventional materials. In this review, the significant achievements in quantum artificial synapses are summarized. First, potential quantum materials used in artificial synapses are discussed with particular attention to quantum dots, nanowires, layered materials, and quasi‐2DEG interfaces. Then, the major quantum effects that are utilized in quantum artificial synapses, for example, Josephson effect, quantum tunneling, and spin memory, are reviewed. In addition to the discussion on a single synaptic device, the macroscale integration into artificial visual systems and artificial nerve networks are also highlighted. Finally, the associated future research trends and target applications are also discussed.
Photothermal and Enhanced Photocatalytic Therapies Conduce to Synergistic Anticancer Phototherapy with Biodegradable Titanium Diselenide Nanosheets
Authors: Duo Yanhong , Luo Guanghong , Li Zihuang , Chen Zide , Li Xianming , Jiang Zhenyou , Yu Binlu , Huang Hao , Sun Zhengbo , Yu Xue‐feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNanomaterial‐based photothermal and photocatalytic therapies are effective against various types of cancers. However, combining two or more materials is considered necessary to achieve the synergistic anticancer effects of photothermal and photocatalytic therapy, which made the preparation process complicated. Herein, the authors describe simple 2D titanium diselenide (TiSe2) nanosheets (NSs) that can couple photothermal therapy with photocatalytic therapy. The TiSe2 NSs are prepared using a liquid exfoliation method. They show a layered structure and possess high photothermal conversion efficiency (65.58%) and good biocompatibility. Notably, upon near‐infrared irradiation, these NSs exhibit good photocatalytic properties with enhanced reactive oxygen species generation and H2O2 decomposition in vitro. They can also achieve high temperatures, with heat improving their catalytic ability to further amplify oxidative stress and glutathione depletion in cancer cells. Furthermore, molecular mechanism studies reveal that the synergistic effects of photothermal and enhanced photocatalytic therapy can simultaneously lead to apoptosis and necrosis in cancer cells via the HSP90/JAK3/NF‐κB/IKB‐α/Caspase‐3 pathway. Systemic exploration reveals that the TiSe2 NSs has an appreciable degradation rate and accumulates passively in tumor tissue, where they facilitate photothermal and photocatalytic effects without obvious toxicity. Their study thus indicates the high potential of biodegradable TiSe2 NSs in synergistic phototherapy for cancer treatment.
Exploring the Role of H‐Bonding in Organic Electrochemistry – From Supramolecular Applications to Mechanistic Investigations
Authors: Smith Diane K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractH‐bonds can exert a substantial impact on the course of organic electrode reactions due to their ability to stabilize charged intermediates and products formed during these reactions, as well as facilitate proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions. This has fundamental implications for the mechanism of organic electrode reactions, but also practical impact in supramolecular chemistry and potentially synthetic electrochemistry. My group's main focus has been on the supramolecular applications, using electron transfer to alter the strength of H‐bonds to create highly redox‐responsive H‐bond dimers. Initially we sought to avoid proton transfer because we feared that would lead to irreversible electrochemistry. However, inevitably proton transfer did show up, but, to our surprise, did not lead to irreversible electrochemistry. To explain this, we developed a new mechanism, the “wedge scheme”, that shows how H‐bonding can facilitate reversible electron and proton transfer. This insight recently led us to a new PCET‐based design strategy for the creation of our most highly redox‐responsive H‐bond dimers yet.
Silting and Tilting for Weakly Symmetric Algebras
Authors: August Jenny , Dugas Alex 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIf A is a finite-dimensional symmetric algebra, then it is well-known that the only silting complexes in Kb(projA) are the tilting complexes. In this note we investigate to what extent the same can be said for weakly symmetric algebras. On one hand, we show that this holds for all tilting-discrete weakly symmetric algebras. In particular, a tilting-discrete weakly symmetric algebra is also silting-discrete. On the other hand, we also construct an example of a weakly symmetric algebra with silting complexes that are not tilting.
Topic modeling in software engineering research
Authors: Silva Camila Costa , Galster Matthias , Gilson Fabian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTopic modeling using models such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is a text mining technique to extract human-readable semantic “topics” (i.e., word clusters) from a corpus of textual documents. In software engineering, topic modeling has been used to analyze textual data in empirical studies (e.g., to find out what developers talk about online), but also to build new techniques to support software engineering tasks (e.g., to support source code comprehension). Topic modeling needs to be applied carefully (e.g., depending on the type of textual data analyzed and modeling parameters). Our study aims at describing how topic modeling has been applied in software engineering research with a focus on four aspects: (1) which topic models and modeling techniques have been applied, (2) which textual inputs have been used for topic modeling, (3) how textual data was “prepared” (i.e., pre-processed) for topic modeling, and (4) how generated topics (i.e., word clusters) were named to give them a human-understandable meaning. We analyzed topic modeling as applied in 111 papers from ten highly-ranked software engineering venues (five journals and five conferences) published between 2009 and 2020. We found that (1) LDA and LDA-based techniques are the most frequent topic modeling techniques, (2) developer communication and bug reports have been modelled most, (3) data pre-processing and modeling parameters vary quite a bit and are often vaguely reported, and (4) manual topic naming (such as deducting names based on frequent words in a topic) is common.
Reconceptualising fair access to highly academically selective universities
Authors: Boliver Vikki , Banerjee Pallavi , Gorard Stephen , Powell Mandy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe higher education regulator for England has set challenging new widening access targets requiring universities to rethink how merit is judged in admissions. Universities are being encouraged to move away from the traditional meritocraticequalityof opportunity model of fair access, which holds that university places should go to the most highly qualified candidates irrespective of social background, in accordance with the principles of procedural fairness. Instead, they are being asked to move towards what we term the meritocraticequityof opportunity model, which holds that prospective students’ qualifications should be judged in light of the socioeconomic circumstances in which these were obtained to enhance distributive fairness, a practice known in the UK as contextualised admissions. In this paper, we critically discuss the theoretical underpinnings of these two competing perspectives on fair access and review the existing empirical evidence base, drawing together for the first time insights from our ESRC and Nuffield Foundation funded studies of fair access to highly academically selective universities in England. We argue that reconceptualising fair access in terms of distributive fairness rather than procedural fairness offers a more socially just set of principles on which to allocate valuable but scarce places at the most academically selective universities in England, unless or until such time as the vertical stratification of higher education institutions is reduced or eliminated entirely.
In What Ways Does Health Related Stigma Affect Sustainable Employment and Well-Being at Work? A Systematic Review
Authors: van Beukering I. E. , Smits S. J. C. , Janssens K. M. E. , Bogaers R. I. , Joosen M. C. W. , Bakker M. , van Weeghel J. , Brouwers E. P. M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Studies are increasingly showing that health related stigma is a barrier to employment, but it is not known how. The aim of this systematic review is to identify, appraise and analyse studies that have directly or indirectly addressed ways in which stigma affects sustainable employment and well-being at work of people with disabilities.

Methods
Using a multiphase screening process, this review is based on a comprehensive literature search (2000–2019) carried out in six electronic databases: Embase, Web of Science, Medline Ovid, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO and Google Scholar.

Results
7.263 publications were identified; 96 studies were found eligible to be included in the review. 72% of the studies were conducted in North America or Europe. Few studies directly assessed how stigma affects the employment of people with disabilities. Most studies highlighted that attitudes and behaviour of employers formed a barrier to employment, as well as anticipated stigma and self-stigma in people with health problems. However, the findings also showed that the attitudes and behaviour of co-workers, health care professionals, reintegration professionals, customers, and family and friends could act as a barrier to employment although these influences are under-researched. Although many similarities were seen in the relevant findings of studies about both physical and mental disabilities, several nuances were found.

Conclusion
Stigma hampers sustainable employment and well-being in multiple ways. Whereas the number of publications on this topic is rapidly increasing, the roles of health care professionals, reintegration professionals, co-workers, customers, and family and friends particularly warrant more attention.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with moderate-severe obesity: a clinical evaluation tool for OSA?
Authors: Vecchiato Marco , Neunhaeuserer Daniel , Quinto Giulia , Bettini Silvia , Gasperetti Andrea , Battista Francesca , Vianello Andrea , Vettor Roberto , Busetto Luca , Ermolao Andrea 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a widespread comorbidity of obesity. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been demonstrated very effective in treating patients with OSA. The aims of this study were to investigate whether or not cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can characterize patients with OSA and to evaluate the effect of nasal CPAP therapy.

Methods
An observational study was conducted on patients with moderate to severe obesity and suspected OSA. All patients underwent cardiorespiratory sleep study, spirometry, and functional evaluation with ECG-monitored, incremental, maximal CPET.

Results
Of the 147 patients, 94 presented with an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 events/h and were thus considered to have OSA (52 receiving nasal CPAP treatment; 42 untreated) while 53 formed a control group (AHI < 15 events/h). Patients with untreated OSA showed significantly lower oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate, minute ventilation (VE), and end tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) at peak exercise compared to controls. Patients receiving nasal CPAP showed higher VE and VO2 at peak exercise compared to untreated patients. A difference in PETCO2 between the maximum value reached during test and peak exercise (ΔPETCO2 max-peak) of 1.71 mmHg was identified as a predictor of OSA.

Conclusion
Patients with moderate to severe obesity and untreated OSA presented a distinctive CPET-pattern characterized by lower aerobic and exercise capacity, higher PETCO2 at peak exercise associated with a lower ventilatory response. Nasal CPAP treatment was shown to positively affect these cardiorespiratory adaptations during exercise. ΔPETCO2 max-peak may be used to suggest OSA in patients with obesity.