bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurobiological models of emotion regulation: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of acceptance as an emotion regulation strategy
Authors: Messina Irene , Grecucci Alessandro , Viviani Roberto 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Emotional acceptance is an important emotion regulation strategy promoted by most psychotherapy approaches. We adopted the Activation Likelihood Estimation technique to obtain a quantitative summary of previous fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) studies of acceptance and test different hypotheses on its mechanisms of action. The main meta-analysis included 13 experiments contrasting acceptance to control conditions, yielding a total of 422 subjects and 170 foci of brain activity. Additionally, subgroups of studies with different control conditions (react naturally or focus on emotions) were identified and analysed separately. Our results showed executive areas to be affected by acceptance only in the subgroup of studies in which acceptance was compared to natural reactions. In contrast, a cluster of decreased brain activity located in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus was associated with acceptance regardless of the control condition. These findings suggest that high-level executive cortical processes are not a distinctive feature of acceptance, whereas functional deactivations in the PCC/precuneus constitute its specific neural substrate. The neuroimaging of emotional acceptance calls into question a key tenet of current neurobiological models of emotion regulation consisting in the necessary involvement of high-level executive processes to actively modify emotional states, suggesting a complementary role for limbic portions of the default system.
Staying or leaving? Patterns and determinants of Italian researchers’ migration
Authors: Nascia Leopoldo , Pianta Mario , Zacharewicz Thomas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article aims to highlight the dynamics underlying Italian researchers’ migration patterns over the last decade. Building on data gathered through an international study (MORE 3), the analysis focuses on identifying perceptions of working conditions, career prospect and confidence in the national Research and Innovation (R&I) system by Italian researchers in Italy and abroad. It provides a comparative assessment of researchers’ satisfaction with regards to their R&I environment in and outside Italy, across different fields of study and career stages. Results show that Italian researchers working abroad have a faster career progression than researchers in the Italian system and provide evidence of a low confidence of Italian researchers regarding career prospect in their own country. These findings are interpreted as major determinants of the decision to emigrate and develop an academic career abroad. Implications for future science policy in Italy are discussed.
Alcohol Consumption Over the Retirement Transition in Sweden: Different Trajectories Based on Education
Authors: Agahi Neda , Kelfve Susanne , Hassing Linda B , Lindwall Magnus 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Retirement is a major life transition that involves changes to everyday routines, roles, and habits. Previous studies suggest that retirement may influence drinking habits. Many natural inhibitors of alcohol consumption disappear with the removal of work constraints. The potential impact depends on both individual and contextual factors. Women in the cohorts undergoing retirement now have been more active on the labor market, including the occupation of higher status jobs, which indicates more financial resources as well as a larger role loss after retirement. Also, the current cohorts who retire have had more liberal drinking habits throughout their lives compared to previous cohorts. We therefore examined changes in alcohol consumption surrounding retirement in different education groups among women and men undergoing retirement using annual data from the Health, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study, a longitudinal national study of 60- to 66-year-olds (n = 5,913), from 2015 to 2018. Latent growth curve models were used to estimate trajectories of alcohol consumption. Results showed that those who retired during the follow-up increased their usual weekly alcohol consumption while those who worked or were retired throughout the period had stable drinking habits. Those who were retired reported the highest alcohol consumption. The increase surrounding retirement was driven by people with higher education. Women with tertiary education and men with intermediate or tertiary education increased their weekly alcohol intake after retirement, while those with low education had unchanged drinking habits. Mechanisms and motivations that may fuel increased alcohol intake among people with higher education should be further investigated.
Interaction of Symbiotic Rhizobia and Parasitic Root-Knot Nematodes in Legume Roots: From Molecular Regulation to Field Application
Authors: Costa Sofia R. , Ng Jason Liang Pin , Mathesius Ulrike 
Published: January 2021

Legumes form two types of root organs in response to signals from microbes, namely, nodules and root galls. In the field, these interactions occur concurrently and often interact with each other. The outcomes of these interactions vary and can depend on natural variation in rhizobia and nematode populations in the soil as well as abiotic conditions. While rhizobia are symbionts that contribute fixed nitrogen to their hosts, parasitic root-knot nematodes (RKN) cause galls as feeding structures that consume plant resources without a contribution to the plant. Yet, the two interactions share similarities, including rhizosphere signaling, repression of host defense responses, activation of host cell division, and differentiation, nutrient exchange, and alteration of root architecture. Rhizobia activate changes in defense and development through Nod factor signaling, with additional functions of effector proteins and exopolysaccharides. RKN inject large numbers of protein effectors into plant cells that directly suppress immune signaling and manipulate developmental pathways. This review examines the molecular control of legume interactions with rhizobia and RKN to elucidate shared and distinct mechanisms of these root-microbe interactions. Many of the molecular pathways targeted by both organisms overlap, yet recent discoveries have singled out differences in the spatial control of expression of developmental regulators that may have enabled activation of cortical cell division during nodulation in legumes. The interaction of legumes with symbionts and parasites highlights the importance of a comprehensive view of root-microbe interactions for future crop management and breeding strategies.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Communication Challenges in High-Containment Clinical Environments
Authors: Schlosser Meghan , Adao Kimberly , Derkyi Alberta , Fitzgerald-Monroe Anitra , Ebenezer Leighann , Eckes Ellen 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT:
The authors describe the personal protective equipment (PPE) clinicians require when involved in the care of patients with potential or confirmed exposure to highly infectious pathogens, such as the Ebola virus, multidrug-resistant organisms, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the cause of COVID-19. They discuss the communication challenges that arise with the various PPE required when caring for patients in high-containment clinical environments and how they and their colleagues in the National Institutes of Health's Special Clinical Studies Unit developed, field-tested, refined, and ultimately implemented policies and procedures that enabled clinicians to communicate effectively with other staff, patients, and external partners, such as governmental agencies, other specialized units, and nonprofit organizations.
An update on the epigenetics of asthma
Authors: Gruzieva Olena , Merid Simon Kebede , Koppelman Gerard H. , Melén Erik 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of review
Asthma is a common disease worldwide, however, its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications may play a role in the development and natural history of asthma. The aim of this review is to highlight recent progress in research on epigenetic mechanisms in asthma.

Recent findings
Over the past years, epigenetic studies, in particular DNA methylation studies, have added to the growing body of evidence supporting a link between epigenetic regulation of gene expression and asthma. Recent studies demonstrate that epigenetic mechanisms also play a role in asthma remission. Although most existing studies in this field have been conducted on blood cells, recent evidence suggests that epigenetic signatures are also crucial for the regulation of airway epithelial cells. Studies conducted on nasal epithelium revealed highly replicable epigenetic patterns that could be used for diagnostic purposes.

Summary
Further research is needed to explore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of epigenetic modifications in asthma. Multiomics studies on asthma will become increasingly important for a better understanding of etiology, heterogeneity, and severity of asthma, as well as establishing molecular biomarkers that could be combined with clinical information to improve the management of asthma patients.
COVID-19: should we consider it as a septic shock? (The treatment of COVID-19 patients in the ICU)
Authors: Roger Claire 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of review
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness combines a syndrome of viral replication and a host dysregulated inflammatory response. Despite sharing a similar etiology, COVID-19 patients present different patterns from asymptomatic to severely hypoxemic patients. In some patients, patterns of multiorgan failure have been observed similarly to patients with bacterial sepsis. This review aimed to analyze the currently available data on the treatment of COVID-19, specifically the most studied antiviral agents and therapies targeting the immune system including those that have been investigated in sepsis.

Recent findings
In the last months, several trials have been conducted worldwide to try to identify optimal antiviral treatments against COVID-19. Antiviral agents such as lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine have been investigated as well as specific and non-specific immunomodulators in order to determine their potential efficacy against SARS-Cov2.

Summary
To date, the vast majority of the studied antiviral and immunomodulatory agents have failed to improve outcomes of patients with COVID-19 except for dexamethasone. Many other trials are currently underway with new antiviral agents and various immunomodulatory agents with potential clinical benefit for COVID-19 patients. Despite these emerging data, robust controlled clinical trials assessing patient-centered outcomes remain imperative.
Combined Conventional and Transulnar Percutaneous Pinning of the Displaced Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Atyyia Ahmed N. , Diab Ramy A. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
This study aimed to study if combined conventional and transulnar percutaneous pinning of the displaced distal radius fracture could maintain the reduction of this unstable fracture.

Materials and Methods:
In all, 64 patients with unstable distal radius fractures were treated by this technique. The mean follow-up period was 18 months (range: 16 to 34 mo). Clinical and radiologic analyses were provided.

Results:
Radiographic union was achieved at an average of 6.4 weeks (range: 5 to 9 wk). Radiologically: according to Sarmiento et al’s modification of Lindstrom criteria, restoration of anatomy was excellent in 40 patients (62.5%), good in 16 patients (25%), and fair in 8 patients (12.5%). At 6-month follow-up, the average radial height was 7.9 mm (range: 5 to 11 mm), volar tilt was 7.8 degrees (range: 4 to 16 degrees), and radial inclination was 20 degrees (range: 17 to 28 degrees). Functionally, according to the Sarmiento et al’s modification of the demerit point system of Gartland and Werley, the outcome was excellent in 36 patients, good in 22 patients, and fair in 6 patients. The most common complication was pin tract infection (4 patients), followed by loss of reduction in 2 patients and complex regional pain syndrome in 2 patients.

Conclusions:
This procedure is technically facile, minimizes costs, and provides near-anatomic healing based on radiographic criteria. Our case series demonstrated excellent and good clinical outcomes following this technique.
Bedside Evaluation for Early Sepsis Intervention: Addition of a Sepsis Response Team Leads to Improvement in Sepsis Bundle Compliance
Authors: Suliman Sally , Price John , Cahill Meredith , Young Taylor , Furmanek Stephen , Galvis Juan , Shoff Hugh , Parra Frankie , Stevenson Gina , Cavallazzi Rodrigo 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:
Sepsis is associated with high morbidity and mortality and high healthcare costs. We hypothesized that a multifaceted quality improvement project would lead to an improvement in compliance with the sepsis “bundles.”

Design:
Patients presenting to the emergency department that met criteria for sepsis at triage triggered notification of an emergency department physician and the sepsis response team in order to facilitate timely completion of the 3-hour bundles. The primary outcome was compliance with the seven sepsis bundle components. Secondary outcomes included all-cause inhospital mortality, hospital length of stay, and time in the emergency department.

Setting:
The study was conducted at a 404-bed tertiary academic medical center over a 2-year period.

Patients OR SUBJECTS:
The study included patients that presented to the emergency department that met criteria for sepsis.

MEASUREMENTS OR Main Results:
The study included 163 patients. Overall compliance with the sepsis bundle was 79% (95% CI, 72–84%). There was significant improvement in comparison with the hospital’s historical compliance of 37% (p < 0.001). Compliance with the individual bundle components ranged from 80% to 100%. Sixteen patients died (10%) in the hospital. There was no statistically significant difference between the compliant and noncompliant groups regarding the secondary outcomes of length of stay or inhospital mortality.

Conclusions:
This study found that implementation of a sepsis response team can improve compliance with completion of sepsis bundles. This indicates that it is feasible to implement a multidisciplinary quality initiative to improve timely treatment of patients with sepsis at an academic center using a resident-driven sepsis response team.
An 18-Year-Old Survivor With a Body Mass Index of 73.9 kg/m2 on Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Collaborative Multidisciplinary Effort
Authors: Gaglani Bhavita , Westphal Nathaniel David , Bryant Casey , Gaillard John P. , Vishneski Susan R. , Gibbs Kevin W. , Khanna Ashish K. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 demonstrates greater sickness in people with obesity, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation rescue is increasingly being used in this patient population. An appropriate body mass index threshold where the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for this viral syndrome would not be a useful therapy remains unknown and matter of ongoing debate.

Case:
We describe a case of acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 infection in setting of super morbid obesity (body mass index 73.9 kg/m2) with the successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. To our knowledge, this is the heaviest patient to survive coronavirus disease 2019 with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation so far.

Conclusions:
While extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in obese patients must be carefully considered in coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome, a multidisciplinary care team effort is a requisite for a successful outcome in case like ours.
Relationship Between Skeletal Muscle Area and Density and Clinical Outcome in Adults Receiving Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Bear Danielle E. , MacGowan Liisa , Elstad Maria , Puthucheary Zudin , Connolly Bronwen , Wright Rebeka , Hart Nicholas , Harridge Stephen , Whelan Kevin , Barrett Nicholas A. , Camporota Luigi 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To investigate the prevalence of low skeletal muscle index (area normalized for height) and density, their trajectory of change, and to determine associations with clinical outcome in adults with severe respiratory failure requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

DESIGN:
Prospective observational study.

PATIENTS:
Adults receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for a minimum of 72 hours and a maximum of 6 months between September 2010 and June 2017, who had a CT scan which included the third lumbar vertebra.

INTERVENTION:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Skeletal muscle index and density was determined using Slice-O-Matic V5.0 (TomoVision, Montreal, QC, Canada). Low skeletal muscle index and density were defined using published criteria. Regression models were used to assess for associations between muscle index and density and clinical outcome. Two-hundred fifteen patients, median (interquartile range) age 46 years (35.0–57.0 yr) were included. Forty-five patients (21.1%) had low skeletal muscle index, and 48 (22.3%) had low skeletal muscle density on commencement of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Low skeletal muscle index was more prevalent in males (28.8% vs 11.6%; χ2 = 9.4; p = 0.002) and was associated with a longer duration of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (B = 5.0; 95% CI, 0.2–9.9; p = 0.042). Higher skeletal muscle density was independently associated with ICU survival (odds ratio 1.6 per 10 Hounsfield units; 95% CI, 1.1–2.5; p = 0.025). No relationship was observed between skeletal muscle index nor density and physical function. Adequacy of energy and protein did not influence change in skeletal muscle index or density.

CONCLUSIONS:
Low skeletal muscle index at the commencement of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was associated with a longer duration of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, whereas preserved skeletal muscle density was associated with improved survival.
Moving beyond the initial colonoscopy: a call for action
Authors: Lim Kia T. , Decruz Glenn M. , Ng Cheng H. , Jain Sneha R. , Chin Yip H. , Chong Choon S. , Devi Kamala 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
The evolution of colorectal screening has made headway with continual efforts globally to increase screening rates for colonoscopy-naïve patients. However, little has been done to encourage repeat colonoscopies after the initial scope despite recommendations to repeat colonoscopy every 10 years, with the uptake rates of repeat colonoscopy remaining abysmal at 22%.

Methods
Previously, a qualitative systematic review evaluated the barriers and facilitators patients faced in their decisions to undergo colonoscopy, analyzing articles from Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Key findings from articles which highlighted factors influencing patients’ decisions to return for repeat colonoscopies were summarized.

Results
Three articles were identified in the search. Facilitators for repeat colonoscopy included patients’ assurance garnered from fostered trust in the patient–provider relationship, their intrinsic motivations from fear of cancer and an innate appreciation for the significance of obtaining repeated colonoscopies. Procedural factors such as the option for procedural visualization, its comprehensiveness and the utilization of anesthesia were also crucial motivators. Barriers that patients highlighted comprised of cumbersome bowel preparation and potential complications.

Discussion
Recently, minimal research has been conducted on the sentiments of healthcare providers and patients regarding repeat colonoscopy. The lack of emphasis from healthcare institutions on encouraging patients to repeat colonoscopy after 10 years prevents effective colorectal cancer screening. To proficiently alleviate the burden of colorectal cancer, patient counseling has to shift beyond explaining colonoscopy risks and complications to promoting regular follow-up scopes. This article thus calls for more studies to focus on evaluating the uptake of repeat colonoscopies.
Role of various imbalances centered on alveolar epithelial cell/fibroblast apoptosis imbalance in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Wang Qing , Xie Zhao-Liang , Wu Qi , Jin Zhi-Xian , Yang Chao , Feng Jing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
There have been recent extensive studies and rapid advancement on the pathogenesis underlying idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and intricate pathogenesis of IPF has been suggested. The purpose of this study was to clarify the logical relationship between these mechanisms. An extensive search was undertaken of the PubMed using the following keywords: “etiology,” “pathogenesis,” “alveolar epithelial cell (AEC),” “fibroblast,” “lymphocyte,” “macrophage,” “epigenomics,” “histone,” acetylation,” “methylation,” “endoplasmic reticulum stress,” “mitochondrial dysfunction,” “telomerase,” “proteases,” “plasminogen,” “epithelial-mesenchymal transition,” “oxidative stress,” “inflammation,” “apoptosis,” and “idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.” This search covered relevant research articles published up to April 30, 2020. Original articles, reviews, and other articles were searched and reviewed for content; 240 highly relevant studies were obtained after screening. IPF is likely the result of complex interactions between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors: environmental exposures affect epigenetic marks; epigenetic processes translate environmental exposures into the regulation of chromatin; epigenetic processes shape gene expression profiles; in turn, an individual's genetic background determines epigenetic marks; finally, these genetic and epigenetic factors act in concert to dysregulate gene expression in IPF lung tissue. The pathogenesis of IPF involves various imbalances including endoplasmic reticulum, telomere length homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidant/antioxidant imbalance, Th1/Th2 imbalance, M1–M2 polarization of macrophages, protease/antiprotease imbalance, and plasminogen activation/inhibition imbalance. These affect each other, promote each other, and ultimately promote AEC/fibroblast apoptosis imbalance directly or indirectly. Excessive AEC apoptosis and impaired apoptosis of fibroblasts contribute to fibrosis. IPF is likely the result of complex interactions between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. The pathogenesis of IPF involves various imbalances centered on AEC/fibroblast apoptosis imbalance.