bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GATA‐3 expression in a de‐differentiated chondrosarcoma with cutaneous iatrogenic implantation: a diagnostic pitfall with important clinical implications
Authors: Henning Ania , Banks Mackenzie , Korman Abraham M. , Iwenofu I. Hans , Chung Catherine G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDe‐differentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is an extremely aggressive tumor of the bone characterized by a high‐grade, non‐chondroid sarcoma adjacent to a low‐ or intermediate‐grade chondrosarcoma. Adequate tumor sampling demonstrating the biphasic features is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis. The diagnosis may be challenging as histopathology may mimic other neoplasms. We present a case of a 76‐year‐old woman with a history of breast cancer who presented with a pathologic non‐displaced fracture. A bone biopsy demonstrated a high‐grade neoplasm composed of pleomorphic spindled and epithelioid cells with focal expression of AE1/3 and GATA3, most likely consistent with metastatic breast carcinoma. After a difficult clinical course, the tumor was resected demonstrating a similar morphology to her prior biopsy, as well as an area of a low‐grade cartilaginous neoplasm consistent with chondrosarcoma. The biphasic tumor alongside a low‐grade chondrosarcoma allowed for a diagnosis of DDCS. Several days after her procedure, the patient developed violaceous nodules overlying and surrounding the surgical site. Skin biopsy demonstrated a malignant epithelioid neoplasm with identical histomorphologic features identical to her prior bone resection. Given the location of the skin lesions directly within the surgical site right after resection, the clinical‐pathological picture was that of sarcomatosis cutis by iatrogenic cutaneous implantation.
Efficacy of entomopathogens against Thaumatotibia leucotreta under laboratory conditions
Authors: Steyn Vernon M. , Malan Antoinette P. , Addison Pia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFalse codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a priority pest on citrus, stone fruit, and table grapes. Current control focuses on the adult stage; however, each stage of the life cycle of the insect should be targeted. The potential of local biocontrol agents against FCM immature stages was investigated. Several entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) and entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) species were identified from soil samples collected from orchards and vineyards throughout the Western Cape province in South Africa. The eggs were proven to be susceptible (30–65%) to several EPN species, at 200 infective juveniles (IJs) per 50 µl. Xenorhabdus indica, the symbiotic bacterium of Steinernema yirgalemense Nguyen et al., caused significantly more mortality than the control. The EPNs were highly virulent against the FCM larvae, with S. yirgalemense causing 100% mortality in all trials. Metarhizium robertsii (78%), M. anisopliae (50%), and Beauveria bassiana (75%) caused high mortality in FCM larvae. The fully formed pupae were the most resistant of the immature stages, with the EPNs causing low mortality at 100 IJs per insect. As the FCM larvae were highly susceptible to S. yirgalemense and M. robertsii under laboratory conditions, they should be further tested, separately and in combination, in field conditions to illustrate the benefits of including them in a FCM‐IPM programme.
Impact of hypoalbuminemia on the prognosis of relapsed/refractory B‐cell lymphoma treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel
Authors: Melody Megan , Gandhi Sangeetha , Rahman Zaid Abdel , Lengerke‐Diaz Paula , Gannon Nicole , Rosenthal Allison , Truong Tuan , Novo Mattia , Brandes Eva , Lange Gina , Estby Breana , Johnston Patrick , Ansell Steve , Bennani N. Nora , Paludo Jonas , Bisneto Jose Villasboas , Ayala Ernesto , Tun Han W. , Murthy Hemant S. , Roy Vivek , Foran James , Castro Januario , Lin Yi , Kharfan‐Dabaja Mohamed A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionHypoalbuminemia is a known adverse prognostic factor in lymphomas. Yet, it is unknown if axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi‐cel) overcomes the adverse prognostic impact of hypoalbuminemia in relapsed/refractory large B‐cell lymphoma.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis across three Mayo Clinic centers to assess the relationship of hypoalbuminemia (defined as a serum albumin (SA) levels ≤ 3.5 g/dL) on outcomes of patients treated with axi‐cel.ResultsThis analysis included 81 patients. Two patients had no available SA levels preceding axi‐cel infusion. Eighteen patients (22.8%) had hypoalbuminemia with a median SA of 3.3 g/dL. Patients with normal SA had a statistically higher ORR than those without hypoalbuminemia (P = .018). There was no difference in 1‐year PFS and OS between the group with hypoalbuminemia and the group with normal SA levels (48% vs 49%, P = .81) and (74% vs 73%, P = .97), respectively. There was no difference in the severity or median duration of cytokine release syndrome or neurotoxicity between the two groups.ConclusionNotwithstanding the limitations related to the relatively small sample size, axi‐cel therapy appears to overcome the adverse effect of hypoalbuminemia on OS and PFS. Large multicenter clinical studies are certainly needed to validate these findings.
Enhanced light interception and light use efficiency explain overyielding in young tree communities
Authors: Williams Laura J. , Butler Ethan E. , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Stefanski Artur , Rice Karen E. , Messier Christian , Paquette Alain , Reich Peter B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDiverse plant communities are often more productive than mono‐specific ones. Several possible mechanisms underlie this phenomenon but their relative importance remains unknown. Here we investigated whether light interception alone or in combination with light use efficiency (LUE) of dominant and subordinate species explained greater productivity of mixtures relative to monocultures (i.e. overyielding) in 108 young experimental tree communities. We found mixed‐species communities that intercepted more light than their corresponding monocultures had 84% probability of overyielding. Enhanced LUE, which arose via several pathways, also mattered: the probability of overyielding was 71% when, in a mixture, species with higher ‘inherent’ LUE (i.e. LUE in monoculture) intercepted more light than species with lower LUE; 94% when dominant species increased their LUE in mixture; and 79% when subordinate species increased their LUE. Our results suggest that greater light interception and greater LUE, generated by inter and intraspecific variation, together drive overyielding in mixed‐species forests.
Phylogeny and biogeography of arctic‐alpine butterflies of the genusOeneis(Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Authors: Usami Shin‐ichi , Isaka Yuichi , Nishio Shin‐ya , Nakatani Takatoshi , Itoh Tateo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArctic‐alpine butterflies of the genusOeneisare adapted to a cold climate and distributed across arctic areas and high‐altitude alpine habitats in Eurasia and North America. Due to their morphological similarities, species‐level boundaries in some groups have been extremely vague. To clarify the relationships amongOeneisspecies, the phylogenetic analyses of 28 of the 32 knownOeneisspecies and closely related genusDavidinawere carried out using mitochondrialCOI, the nuclear geneEF‐1αandwinglesssequences. Furthermore, divergence time estimation and ancestral area reconstruction analysis were applied to clarify the processes of distribution of each species among the genusOeneis. The present comprehensive molecular phylogeny indicated that the traditionally classifiedOeneisgroup can be divided into two major clades, clade A, thetarpejagroup ofOeneisand the genusDavidina; and clade B, the other groups ofOeneisand the genusNeominos, and indicated that the genusOeneiscan be divided into four major clades,tarpeja,bore,buddhaand the complex comprisingnorna,horaandjutta. Based on updated fossil‐based calibrations, the two major clades were divided approximately 10.86 million years ago in the Miocene. Ancestral area reconstruction analysis indicated that thetarpejagroup ofOeneisand the genusDavidinaoriginated and diversified mainly within the Eastern Palearctic, whereas it is highly possible that several lineages of the other groups ofOeneisoriginated in the Nearctic region.
Comparison of minimally invasive and traditional surgical approaches for refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of outcomes
Authors: Kohlhase Konstantin , Zöllner Johann Philipp , Tandon Nitin , Strzelczyk Adam , Rosenow Felix 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance‐guided laser interstitial laser therapy (MRgLITT) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) represent two minimally invasive methods for the treatment of drug‐refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). We performed a systematic review and a meta‐analysis to compare outcomes and complications between MRgLITT, RFA, and conventional surgical approaches to the temporal lobe (i.e., anterior temporal lobe resection [ATL] or selective amygdalohippocampectomy [sAHE]). Forty‐three studies (13 MRgLITT, 6 RFA, and 24 surgery studies) involved 554, 123, 1504, and 1326 patients treated by MRgLITT, RFA, ATL, or sAHE, respectively. Engel Class I (Engel‐I) outcomes were achieved after MRgLITT in 57% (315/554, range = 33.3%–67.4%), RFA in 44% (54/123, range = 0%–67.2%), ATL in 69% (1032/1504, range = 40%–92.9%), and sAHE in 66% (887/1326, range = 21.4%–93.3%). Meta‐analysis revealed no significant difference in seizure outcome between MRgLITT and RFA (Q = 2.74, p = .098), whereas ATL and sAHE were both superior to MRgLITT (ATL: Q = 8.92, p = .002; sAHE: Q = 4.33, p = .037) and RFA (ATL: Q = 6.42, p = .0113; sAHE: Q = 5.04, p = .0247), with better outcome in patients at follow‐up of 60 months or more. Mesial hippocampal sclerosis (mTLE + hippocampal sclerosis) was associated with significantly better outcome after MRgLITT (Engel‐I outcome in 64%; Q = 8.55, p = .0035). The rate of major complications was 3.8% for MRgLITT, 3.7% for RFA, 10.9% for ATL, and 7.4% for sAHE; the differences did not show statistical significance. Neuropsychological deficits occurred after all procedures, with left‐sided surgeries having a higher rate of verbal memory impairment. Lateral functions such as naming or object recognition may be more preserved in MRgLITT. Thermal therapies are effective techniques but show a significantly lower rate of Engel‐I outcome in comparison to ATL and sAHE. Between MRgLITT and RFA there were no significant differences in Engel‐I outcome, whereby the success of treatment seems to depend on the approach used (e.g., occipital approach). MRgLITT shows a similar rate of complications compared to RFA, whereas patients undergoing MRgLITT may experience fewer major complications compared to ATL or sAHE and might have a more beneficial neuropsychological outcome.
Are foreign companies a blessing or a curse for local development in Brazil? It depends on the home country and host region's institutions
Authors: Polloni‐Silva Eduardo , Moralles Herick Fernando , Rebelatto Daisy Aparecida do Nascimento , Hartmann Dominik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLatin America is an important destination for foreign direct investment (FDI). The debate on whether FDI is beneficial or harmful to the region is ongoing. Our study investigates how institutions from the home country and the host region affect the FDI‐human development nexus in Brazil. Specifically, we employ a unique data set comprising 92 municipalities and companies from 52 countries. We use threshold regressions to scrutinize the heterogeneous effects of FDI on the municipalities' income, education, health, and productivity levels. Our results indicate that locations with a high concentration of companies from countries with well‐developed institutions tend to experience a more positive effect of FDI on local development than regions with a high concentration of companies from emerging economies with less developed institutions. This effect is nonlinear, though, and more significant in institutionally weak regions. Our findings suggest that the FDI‐human development nexus is neither always positive or negative. Instead, it varies depending on which human development aspect is being analyzed and on institutions. Finally, we discuss policy implications for Brazil and Latin America.
Exposure to chewing tobacco promotes primary oral squamous cell carcinoma and regional lymph node metastasis by alterations of SDF1α/CXCR4 axis
Authors: Ray Sudipta , Saha Depanwita , Alam Neyaz , Mitra Mustafi Saunak , Mandal Shyamsundar , Sarkar Aniruddha , Majumder Biswanath , Murmu Nabendu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA high incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is observed in South‐East Asian countries due to addictions such as chewing tobacco. Local invasion and distant metastases are primary causes of poor prognosis in OSCC. This study aimed to understand the alterations in metastasis biomarkers, such as stromal cell–derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1 or SDF1α) and its receptor C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), in OSCC patient samples that were stratified based on the history of addiction to chewing tobacco. Targeted immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting were performed on primary tumour and metastatic lymph node (LN) tissues in parallel. Overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), activated form of its cognate receptor tyrosine kinase, c‐Met (p‐Met), GRB2‐associated‐binding protein 1 (Gab1), phospho‐protein kinase B (pAkt), nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) were observed in primary tumour and metastatic lymph nodes in both chewer and non‐chewer cohorts. Variance analysis showed significant positive correlation between them (P < .0001) indicating upregulation of these biomarkers upon ligand‐induced activation of c‐Met in both tobacco chewers and non‐chewers. Significantly higher expressions of SDF1α and CXCR4 were observed in both primary tumours and metastatic lymph nodes of tobacco chewers (P < .0001) and coincided with overexpressed HGF. In contrast, no significant correlation was observed between expression of HGF and that of SDF1α and CXCR4 in non‐chewers. Together, our findings provide important insights into the association of HGF/c‐Met and the SDF1α/CXCR4 axis in lymph node metastasis and to an aetiological link with the habit of chewing tobacco.
Exploring the relationship between first‐year nursing student self‐esteem and dropout: A cohort study
Authors: Dancot Jacinthe , Pétré Benoît , Dardenne Nadia , Donneau Anne‐Françoise , Detroz Pascal , Guillaume Michèle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo describe nursing student self‐esteem prior to the influence of nursing education and to explore the relationship between self‐esteem and dropout.DesignCohort study.MethodsAt the beginning of their first year of study, in October 2017, 464 nursing students completed a questionnaire that assessed their self‐esteem level via Tafarodi & Swann Scale and self‐esteem profile following Mruk's model, along with sociodemographic information, state anxiety, self‐efficacy, intention to continue and social support. One year later, data on grades and re‐enrolment were collected. Multivariate analyses explored the factors influencing self‐esteem level (multiple regression), self‐esteem profile (multinomial logistic regression) and dropout (binary logistic regression).Results/FindingsThe mean level of self‐esteem was 50.8 (9.0), scale of 16 to 80. Forty‐nine per cent of self‐esteem profiles were classified as ‘high’, 20.1% as ‘defensive acceptance based’, 11.2% as ‘defensive achievement based’ and 19.6% as ‘low’. State anxiety (p < 0.0001), self‐efficacy about completion of the nursing programme (p < 0.0001) and self‐efficacy about internship (p < 0.0001) were associated with self‐esteem. The dropout rate was 21.5%. Self‐esteem level (p = 0.039) and academic performance (p < 0.0001) were associated with dropout.ConclusionWhile nursing student self‐esteem is often described as low, we know little about its baseline before entering the nursing programme and the factors that influence it. The dropout rate among first‐year nursing students is high, but self‐esteem is rarely explored as a possible explanation. We found that students had medium, and potentially fragile, self‐esteem when starting their nursing education, and that self‐esteem was associated with dropout.ImpactGiven that association and the impact of self‐esteem on well‐being and professional behaviour, educational institutions should foster self‐esteem both generally and in students with anxiety or low self‐efficacy. Future research should explore nursing student self‐esteem using a longitudinal mixed methods approach. Society should value nurses and nursing students.
Examining the bidirectional association between emotion recognition and social autistic traits using observational and genetic analyses
Authors: Reed Zoe E. , Mahedy Liam , Jackson Abigail , Davey Smith George , Penton‐Voak Ian , Attwood Angela S. , Munafò Marcus R. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThere is mixed evidence for an association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and emotion recognition deficits. We sought to assess the bidirectionality of this association using phenotypic and genetic data in a large community sample.MethodsAnalyses were conducted in three stages. First, we examined the bidirectional association between social autistic traits at age 8 years and emotion recognition task (ERT) responses at age 24 years (Study 1; N = 3,562); and between Diagnostic Analysis of Non‐Verbal Accuracy (DANVA) emotion recognition responses at age 8 years and social autistic traits at age 10 years (Study 2; N = 9,071). Next, we used genetic analyses (Study 3) to examine the association between polygenic risk scores for ASD and outcomes for the ERT and DANVA. The genetic correlation between ASD and ERT responses at age 24 was also estimated. Analyses were conducted in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.ResultsSocial autistic traits at age 8 years were negatively associated with later total correct responses on ERT in Study 1 (b = −0.18; 95% CI: −0.27 to −0.09). We also found evidence of an association in Study 2 (b = −0.04; 95% CI: −0.05 to −0.03). We found the opposite association, that is positive, between the ASD polygenic risk score and ERT (b = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.70); however, this association varied across different p‐value thresholds and would not survive multiple testing, so should be interpreted with caution. We did not find evidence of a genetic correlation between ASD and ERT.ConclusionWe found an observational association between poorer emotion recognition and increased social autistic traits. Our genetic analyses may suggest a shared genetic aetiology between these or a potential causal pathway; however, future research would benefit from using better powered GWAS to examine this further. Our results may inform interventions targeting emotion recognition.
Effect of water temperature on the morbidity of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa) to brown trout (Salmo trutta) under laboratory conditions
Authors: Waldner Karoline , Borkovec Martin , Borgwardt Florian , Unfer Günther , El‐Matbouli Mansour 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProliferative kidney disease (PKD) is a disease found in salmonid fish that is widespread in Europe and North America. The dependency of the clinical signs on the water temperature is extensively reported in rainbow trout, but detailed information on brown trout is lacking. In this study, juvenile brown trout were exposed to the spores of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae and then kept at different ambient water temperatures (16°C, 19°C and 22°C) for 10 weeks along with recording of morbidity throughout the experiment. At 6, 8 and 10 weeks post‐exposure, fish from each temperature group were sampled and underwent pathoanatomical examination to survey disease progression. At 16°C, brown trout showed a significantly higher survival probability compared to those kept in 19°C and 22°C water. Additionally, the parasitic burden (MSQ) was higher and the clinical signs were more pronounced in the brown trout kept at 19°C and 22°C compared with the ones kept at 16°C. This study highlights the correlation of PKD outbreaks and water temperature increases related to global climate change, which will impact the future distribution of brown trout in natural waters.
The regulation of food intake by insulin in the central nervous system
Authors: Mitchell Caitlin S. , Begg Denovan P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFood intake and energy expenditure are regulated by peripheral signals providing feedback on nutrient status and adiposity to the central nervous system. One of these signals is the pancreatic hormone, insulin. Unlike peripheral administration of insulin, which often causes weight gain, central administration of insulin leads to a reduction in food intake and body weight when administered long‐term. This is a result of feedback processes in regions of the brain that regulate food intake. Within the hypothalamus, the arcuate nucleus (ARC) contains subpopulations of neurones that produce orexinergic neuropeptides agouti‐related peptide (AgRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) and anorexigenic neuropeptides, pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC)/cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART). Intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin down‐regulates the expression of AgRP/NPY at the same time as up‐regulating expression of POMC/CART. Recent evidence suggests that insulin activity within the amygdala may play an important role in regulating energy balance. Insulin infusion into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) can decrease food intake, possibly by modulating activity of NPY and other neurone subpopulations. Insulin signalling within the CeA can also influence stress‐induced obesity. Overall, it is evident that the CeA is a critical target for insulin signalling and the regulation of energy balance.
The interplay of vitamin D and body mass index in acne patients vs. controls
Authors: Singh Ajeet , Dorjay Konchok , Sinha Surabhi , Chitkara Anubhuti 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a disease of pilosebaceous units and manifests with polymorphic lesions. Vitamin D acts at various stages in its pathogenesis. Recently, vitamin D and metabolic syndrome have shown to be associated with acne vulgaris and its severity.AimsTo see the effects of serum 25(OH)D3 levels and body mass index on acne vulgaris and their correlation with the severity of acne.Patients/MethodsFifty patients of acne vulgaris and thirty age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers were recruited. Global Acne Grading System was used to grade the acne severity. Body mass index of all patients and control group was calculated, and serum levels of 25(OH)D3 were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay.ResultsVitamin D deficiency was detected in 28% of patients with acne but only in 6.7% of the healthy controls (p value 0.022). However, there was no significant difference in mean serum 25(OH)D levels in acne patients and controls. Vitamin D deficiency was seen in 60% of the very severe and 33% of the severe acne cases. Eighty percent of patients with very severe acne and 73.33% of severe acne patients had high body mass index. The relationship between severity of acne and body mass index was statistically significant.ConclusionVitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in acne, and with the increase in severity of acne, an inverse relation between serum levels of vitamin D and body mass index was seen, but statistically significant relation was found only in the very severe cases of acne vulgaris.