bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prinsip-Prinsip Hukum Islam dalam Peraturan Daerah: Melacak Motivasi dan Efektifitas Perda Bernuansa Syariah di Pamekasan
Authors: Maimun Maimun , Haq Ainul 
Published: March 2021

The presence of several Regional Regulations (Perda) with shari'a nuance in Pamekasan is expected to make his community more behave Islam . But the lofty desire has not been fully realized according to the ideals of its formation. This research tries to find out what exactly is behind the (motivation) of the issuing of Regional Regulations with shari'a nuance in Pamekasan, and how is the effectiveness of applying Regional Regulations with shari'a nuance in Pamekasan . Through a qualitative - phenomenological approach with the type of field research and descriptive analysis of Miles model and Huberman, it produced some findings: First, the motivation behind the establishment of Regional Regulations with shari'a nuance was not only because of heir philosophical-sociological and juridical elements but also the existence of motives of identity politics integrated with law politics . Second , the implementation of Regional Regulations with shari'a nuance has not been maximum and effective in forming the behavior of Pamekasanese society more Islamic. Many factors that made the problem emerge, neither because of many regional regulations that their enforcement were ignored in the field nor because of the presence of the regional regulations that were contradictory with other regional regulations.Hadirnya beberapa Peraturan Daerah (perda) yang bernuansa syari’ah di Pamekasan diharapkan mampu menjadikan masyarakatnya lebih berperilaku Islâmî. Namun keinginan luhur tersebut belum sepenuhnya terwujud sesuai cita-cita pembentukannya. Penelitian ini mencoba mencari tahu apa sebenarnya yang melatarbelakangi (motivasi) terbitnya perda-perda bernuansa syari’ah di Pamekasan?, dan bagaimana efektivitas penerapan perda-perda bernuansa syari’ah di Pamekasan?. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif-fenomenologis dengan jenis penelitian lapangan, dilakukan langkah analisis deskriptif model Miles dan Huberman, dihasilkan temuan pertama bahwa motivasi di balik pembentukan perda bernuansa syari’ah di Pamekasan di samping karena adanya unsur filosofis-sosiologis dan yuridis, juga adanya motif politik identitas yang berkelindan dengan politik hukum. Kedua penerapan peraturan daerah yang bernuansa syari’ah belum maksimal dan belum efektif membentuk perilaku masyarakat Pamekasan yang lebih Islâmî, banyak factor yang menyebabkan, baik karena banyak peraturan daerah yang terabaikan penegakannya di lapangan, maupun karena kehadiran peraturan daerah tersebut yang kontra produktif dengan peraturan daerah yang lain.
Menerjemah Teks Ambigu Dalam Al-Qur’ân (Sebuah Upaya Memahami Konsep Ambiguitas dalam Istinbâth Hukum)
Authors: Adriana Iswah 
Published: March 2021

Bahasa Arab dan al-Qur’ân merupakan dua pokok kajian yang tidak bisa terpisahkan. Jika kita mengaji teks-teks Al-Qur’ân, mau tidak mau kita akan juga berhadapan dengan bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa al-Qur’ân. Bahasa Arab dengan berbagai macam keunikan yang menjadi ciri khasnya merupakan sAllâh satu faktor kemu’jizatan al-Qur’ân. Bentuk-bentuk mufradat yang memiliki variasi makna, uslûb, dan gaya bahasanya yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan seluruh bahasa yang ada di dunia merupakan keistimewaan tersendiri yang dimilikinya. Sebagai kitab suci bagi umat Muslim, tak pelak al-Qur’ân selalu menjadi bahan kajian bagi umatnya, dalam mana dilakukan dengan cara mentransfer bahasa Arab ke dalam beragam bahasa lainnya dengan berbagai macam metode. Dalam kaitan ini, seorang penerjemah akan berhadapan dengan berbagai macam keunikan yang dimiliki bahasa Arab, di antaranya banyaknya teks-teks yang ‘bersayap’atau dalam kajian semantik disebut dengan teks-teks yang ambigu. Karenanya, pemahaman yang komprehensif tentang konsep ambiguitas merupakan modal utama dalam menerjemah teks-teks al-Qur’ân sebagai dasar dalam melakukan istinbâth hukum.
PERSELISIHAN DAN PERTENGKARAN SEBAGAI ALASAN PERCERAIAN DI PENGADILAN AGAMA
Authors: Susylawati Eka 
Published: March 2021

Salah satu alasan yang sering dijadikan dalil oleh suami dan/atau isteri ketika mengajukan perceraian adalah bahwa antara keduanya terus menerus terjadi perselisihan dan pertengkaran serta tidak ada harapan untuk hidup rukun lagi dalam rumah tangga. Hal ini disebabkan ketika suami dan/atau isteri berkeinginan untuk bercerai, tetapi tidak memiliki dalil yang cukup, maka alasan perselisihan dan pertengkaran selalu dapat dipergunakan. Di pengadilan agama, alasan tersebut lazim disebut dengan syiqâq. Dalam Pasal 76 ayat 1 Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1989 dinyatakan bahwa dalam perkara syiqâq sebelum hakim memutuskan perkara perceraian, haruslah terlebih dahulu mendengar keterangan dari keluarga atau orang-orang terdekat dan dapat pula mengangkat hakam yang bertindak sebagai arbitrator. Praktik di pengadilan agama, pengangkatan hakam jarang dilakukan, karena pengadilan lebih sering mencukupkan pada kesaksian dari keluarga atau kerabat terdekat. Alasan lain adalah bahwa dengan kehadiran hakam, biasanya akan membuat proses penyelesaian perkara memerlukan waktu yang relatif lama, jika dibandingkan dengan tidak adanya hakam.
RAGAM KONTROVERSI DALAM KAJIAN HISAB-RU’YAH
Authors: Achmad Mulyadi Achmad Mulyadi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract: In falak study, hisab and ru’yah seems the two key terms that must be keyed to each other. Hilâl observation relies on the basis of astronomy computation. In fact, the accuracy of hisab method should be approved through the use of hilâl observation. However, the study arises various controvercy that cannot be denied. The controvercy of hisab inter-study results the application criteria. Furthermore, the the controvercy of ru’yah argues its effective if it is based on global ru’yah or the local one. The artical is about deeply to eleborate that various controvercies and its today’s existency. Key Words: ru’yah, hisab, wujûd al-hilâl, imkân al-ru’yah dan matla’
PERBANDINGAN AKUNTANSI MUDLÂRABAH MUTHLAQAH DAN MUSYTARAKAH DALAM PERBANKAN SYARI’AH
Authors: Sri Handayani Sri Handayani 
Published: March 2021

Abstract: In business, transaction records is very important. An accurate accounting record displays the true description of a business, nevertheless, it must anticipate a public norm. It has been stated on the Holy Quran at verse of al-Baqarah (2): 282 that the command of adminstration order, and transparancy, have been repeated for about five times. This is about to clarify how the accounting treatment of mudlârabah muthlaqah and mudlârabah musytarakah must be written. The both have a distinctive caharacters that must be separated to each other to figure out the correct portion of devidend based on the applied agreement. Mudlârabah muthlaqah is a mudlârabah-base management, the investor gives an authority in financial management. Meanwhile, mudlârabah musyatarakah has been the combination of mudlârabah and musyarakah Key Words: Akuntansi, mudlârabah, mudlârabah mutlaqah, dan mudlârabah musytarakah
MENYOAL KONSEP MURÂBAHAH DAN BAY’ BI TSAMAN ‘AJIL DALAM PERBANKAN ISLÂM
Authors: Holis Rahbini Holis Rahbini 
Published: March 2021

Abstract: In Indonesia, Syarî’ah banking is not genuinely born from the “womb” of Islam. However, it is the result of the interference of western system and converted from conventional bank. This article is to describe the terms of Murabahah and bay’ bi tsaman ’ajil conceptually and substantially. In fiqh, the term of murabahah and bay’ bi tsaman ‘ajil are derived from the word bay’ (purchase and sale), yet the term seems ambiguous from the perspective of product of banking. Consequently, it turns up a doubtful concept if it matches conceptual and substantial term. Theoretical concept of murabahah and bay’ bi tsaman ‘ajil is not as simple as the practical one. The practical apllication of murabahah and bay’ bi tsaman ‘ajil is in a dilemma: firstly, in Islamic banking murabahah and bay’ bi tsaman ‘ajil function as financial facilitator not a finacial vendor. This is alike to conventional banking. Secondly, in the transaction of murabahah and bay’ bi tsaman ‘ajil, the credit system appears, unfortunately, it refers to the rate of interest. Key Words: Murâbahah, bay’ bi tsanam ’ajil, bunga, dan bank konvensional
REKONSTRUKSI MAQÂSHID AL-SYARÎ’AH (Sebuah Gagasan Hasan Hanafi tentang Revitalisasi Turâts)
Authors: Moh. Hefni Moh. Hefni 
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Dalam pergulatan wacana keagamaan kontemporer, isu maqâshid al-syarî'ah banyak dihembuskan oleh kalangan liberal sebagai sebuah simbol perlawanan atas kian teguhnya keberpihakan pada dominasi fiqih klasik yang dalam banyak hal telah gagal melampaui jamannya. Salah seorang pemikir kontemporer yang mengusung program rekonstruksi kebudayaan yang membebaskan adalah Hasan Hanafi. Ia ingin mereformasi pemikiran Islam dengan melakukan revitalisasi terhadap turâts (tradisi) klasik dan mere-konstruksinya sehingga tidak usang dan menjadi ramah terhadap kondisi kontemporer. Di bidang hukum Islam, Hanafi melakukan rekonstruksi atas maqâshid al-syarî'ah melalui reformasi linguistik. Hasilnya, hifzh al-nafs dimaknai sebagai menjaga kelestarian umat dari ancaman yang datang baik dari dalam negeri ataupun luar negeri, hifzh al-’aql diaritikan menggalakkan rasioanalitas, pendidikan, dan memerangi kebodohan, hifzh al-dîn dimaknai sebagai memberi kebebasan beragama kepada pemeluk agama untuk meyakini dan melaksanan ajaran agamanya, hifzh al-’irdl berarti menjaga harga diri umat dan negara baik dari penjajahan maupun tekanan pihak luar, dan kelima hifzh al-mâl adalah melindungi sumber daya alam negara dan memanfaatkannya demi kepentingan rakyat. Implementasi maqâshid al-syarî’ah tersebut menjadi kewajiban negara. Kata Kunci: Hasan Hanafi, maqâshid al-syarî’ah, turâts, rekonstruksi, negara
TRADISI “ NYARE DHINA” DALAM PENENTUAN HARI PERNIKAHAN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DI DESA LARANGAN BADUNG
Authors: Sirojuddin Sirojuddin , Asyari Mohammad Bashri 
Published: March 2021

Tradisi nyare dhina yang berkembang dalammasyarakat Larangan Badung adalah sebagai awaldari perencanaan penentuan, baik hari atau bulanuntuk melangsungkan acara pernikahan yangbiasanya dalam masyarakat Larangan Badung, akadnikah serta walimah dilaksanakan dalam satu waktu.Kebiasaan masyarakat Larangan Badung dalamtradisi nyare dhina mempunyai harapan denganmelaksanakan hari pernikahan di hari yang baikyakni meminta petunjuk pada Kyai maka akanmemperoleh kebaikan bagi kedua mempelai yangmelangsungkan pernikahan, sebagaimana harapanbanyak orang dalam bentuk keluarga yang SakinahMawaddah Warahmah serta keturunan shaleh shalehahyang akan mereka didik nantinya.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FEDERAL ASSURANCE PROGRAM OF SUPPORTING BENEFICIARIES WITH INDISPENSABLE MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS IN THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Petrukhina I. K. , Yagudina R. I. , Ryazanova T. K. , Kurkin V. A. , Pervushkin S. V. , Egorova A. V. , Loginova L. V. , Khusainova A. I. , Blinkova P. R. 
Published: March 2021

The aim of the research was to study the main indicative indicators of the implementation of The Federal Program “Provision of Essential Medicines” in 20 constituent entities of the Russian Federation based on the results of 2018 and 2019.Materials and methods. The analyzed data were provided on the basis of the request cards specially designed by the health authorities of 20 subjects of the Russian Federation located in seven federal districts.Results. It has been established that the funds allocated to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, directly depend on the number of beneficiaries who retained the right to receive state social assistance in the form of a set of social services. These funds also correlate with the indicator “Population of the subject of the Russian Federation”. In all the studied constituent entities of the Russian Federation, more than 50% of the total number of people who retained the right to preferential drug provision in 2018–2019, asked for medical help as part of the program “Provision of Essential Medicines”. Herein, in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the average cost of one prescription amounted to 1,107.2 rubles in 2018 and 1,297.2 rubles in 2019. The estimated indicator “The average actual expenditures per 1 citizen entitled to state social assistance in the form of a set of social services, amounted to 1,723.0±90.2 rubles in 2018 and 1,526.8±80.5 rubles in 2019, which is higher than the approved input normative (823.3 rubles and 861.8 rubles in 2018 and 2019, respectively).Conclusion. Thus, an excess of average actual expenditures per citizen entitled to state social assistance in the form of a set of social services, was notified over the standards established by the decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation. The revealed discrepancy between the normative and actual expenditures can also be an indirect confirmation of the fact that the most needy beneficiaries with chronic diseases remained in the program “Provision of Essential Medicines”.
EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOMETRIC VARIABLES ON SPORT PERFORMANCE OF MALE UNIVERSITY CHAMPION-HANDBALLERS IN WEST AFRICA (NIGERIA)
Authors: Tosho Surajudeen 
Published: March 2021

This study focused on the effects of anthropometric variables on male handball champions in West Africa. An ex-post facto research design was adopted. The population of all male handball players in the West African University Games (University of Ilorin; University of Ghana and University of Abomey-Calavi) were participants in the study. Two research instruments were adopted in this study this includes measuring tape and a standard handball court. Census sampling technique was used to select all 37 players available during the contest. Census method is the method of statistical enumeration where all members of the population are studied . These players composed of (Wrist (cm) 18.88, Chest (cm) 17.78, mid-thigh(cm) 18.35, Wrist (cm) 91.96, Chest (cm) 95.02, mid-thigh 89.83, Wrist (cm) 49.37, mid-thigh 55.04, Wrist (cm) 49.26).

To test a substantive difference between the groups determined at 0.05alpha significant levels, descriptive and inferential statistics for t test and ANOVA Scheffe post hoc, multiple comparison tests were adopted. The results of this study showed that men players had considerable differences in anthropometric measurements. As the men's players were significantly different in the handle circumference (f=4.624>3.32 (0.05) df36); chest circumference (f=.750<3.32(0.05) df36). Coaches were recommended to focus on these variables in selecting and coaching processes (Wrist circumference, Chest curvature, Thigh). This study also recommends that this profiling should be adopted in players’ selection and the development of sport specific programs.
Key words: Anthropometric, Performance, Wrist girth.
Altered gray-white matter boundary in toddlers at risk for autism relates to later diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Authors: Godel Michel , Andrews Derek Sayre , Amaral David Gil , Ozonoff Sally , Young Gregory S. , Lee Joshua K. , Nordahl Christine Wu , Schaer Marie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent neuroimaging studies have highlighted differences in cerebral maturation in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in comparison to typical development. For instance, the sharpness of the gray-white matter boundary is decreased in adults with ASD. To determine how the gray-white matter boundary integrity relates to early ASD phenotypes, we used a regional structural MRI index called the gray-white matter contrast (GWC) on a sample of toddlers with a hereditary high risk for ASD. Methods: We used a surface-based approach to compute vertex-wise GWC in a longitudinal cohort of toddlers at high-risk for ASD imaged twice between 12 and 24 months (n=20). A full clinical assessment of ASD-related symptoms was performed in conjunction with imaging and again at three years of age for diagnostic outcome. Three outcome groups were defined (ASD, n=9; typical development, n=8; non-typical development, n=3).Results: ASD diagnostic outcome at age 3 was associated with widespread increases in GWC between age 12 and 24 months. Many cortical regions were affected, including regions implicated in social processing and language acquisition. In parallel, we found that early onset of ASD symptoms (i.e. prior to 18-months) was specifically associated with slower GWC rates of change during the second year of life. These alterations were found in areas mainly belonging to the central executive network.Limitations: Our study is the first to measure maturational changes in GWC in toddlers who developed autism, but the limited size of our sample characterizes its exploratory nature and warrants further replication in independent and larger samples. Conclusion: These results suggest that ASD is linked to early alterations of the gray-white matter boundary in widespread areas. Early onset of symptoms constitutes an independent clinical parameter associated with a specific corresponding neurobiological developmental trajectory. Altered neural migration and/or altered myelination processes potentially explain these findings.
Green coffee extract attenuates Parkinson’s-related behaviors in animal models
Authors: Molska Graziella , Paula-Freire Lyvia Izaura , Sakalem Marna , Köhn Daniele , Negri Giuseppina , Carlini Elisaldo , Mendes Fúlvio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between coffee consumption and the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of caffeine and green (non-roasted) coffee extract in experimental models of PD. The effects of the oral treatment with green coffee extracts (CE, Coffea arabica 100 or 400 mg/kg) and caffeine (31.2 mg/kg) were evaluated on catalepsy induced by haloperidol in mice, and unilateral 6-OHDA lesion of medial forebrain bundle (MFB) or striatum in rats. Also, the in vitro antioxidant activity and the monoamine levels in the striatum were investigated. CE presented a mild antioxidant activity in vitro and its administration decreased the catalepsy index. CE at the dose of 400 mg/kg induced ipsilateral rotations 14 days after the lesion; however, chronic 30-day CE and caffeine treatments did not interfere with the animals’ rotation after apomorphine or methamphetamine challenges in animals with MFB lesion, nor on monoamines levels. Furthermore, CE and caffeine were effective in inhibiting the asymmetry between ipsilateral and contralateral rotations induced by methamphetamine and apomorphine in animals with lesion in the striatum but did not avoid the monoamines depletion. These results suggest a pro-dopaminergic action of CE, although its mechanism remains unclear.
p16 Expression Represses DNA Damage Repair via a Novel Ubiquitin-Dependent Signaling Cascade.
Authors: Molkentine David , Molkentine Jessica M. , Bridges Kathleen A. , Sheth Aakash , Valdecanas David R , Bahri Rishi , Hefner Andrew J. , Kumar Manish , Yang Liang , Abdelhakiem Mohamed , Pifer Phillip M. , Sandulache Vlad C. , Beadle Beth M. , Thames Howard D. , Mason Kathryn A. , Pickering Curtis R. , Meyn Raymond E. , Skinner Heath D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma driven by human papillomavirus (HPV) is more sensitive to DNA-damaging therapies, such as radiation, than its HPV-negative counterpart. Here we show that p16, the clinically utilized surrogate for HPV positivity, renders cells more sensitive to radiation via a ubiquitin-dependent signaling pathway, linking high levels of this protein to increased activity of the transcription factor SP1, increased HUWE1 transcription and degradation of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7). Activation of this pathway in HPV-positive disease leads to an absence of TRIP12, decreased DNA damage repair as well as improved clinical outcomes. Conversely, repression of this pathway in HPV-negative disease is druggable via USP7 inhibitors under clinical development, resulting in potentiation of radiation response. Our findings may lead to improved outcomes for patients with HPV-negative radioresistant tumors, while allowing decreased intensity of therapy for patients with HPV-positive tumors.
NK Cell Subpopulations and Receptor Expression in Recovering SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Saresella Marina , Trabattoni Daria , Marventano Ivana , Piancone Federica , Rosa Francesca La , Caronni Antonio , Lax Agata , Bianchi Luca , Banfi Paolo , Navarro Jorge , Bolognesi Elisabetta , Zanzottera Milena , Guerini Franca Rosa , Clerici Mario 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Whereas in most cases COVID-19 is asymptomatic or pauci symptomatic, extremely severe clinical forms are observed. In this case complex immune dysregulations and an excessive inflammatory response are observed and are the main cause of morbidity and mortality. Natural Killer cells are key players in the control of viral infection and their activity is regulated by a tight balance between activating and inhibitory receptors; an alteration of NK activity was suggested to be associated with the development of severe forms of COVID-19. In this study we analyzed peripheral NK cell subpopulations and the expression of activating and inhibitory receptors in 30 in-patients suffering from chronic neurological conditions who recovered from mild, moderate or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection comparing the results to those of 10 SARS-CoV-2-uninfected patients. Results showed that an expansion of NK subset with lower cytolytic activity and an augmented expression of the 2DL1 inhibitory receptor, particularly when in association with the C2 ligand (KIR2DL1-C2), characterized the immunological scenario of severe COVID-19 infection; an increase of NK expressing the ILT2 inhibitory receptor was instead seen in patients recovering from mild or moderate infection compared to controls. Results herein suggest that the KIR2DL1-C2 NK inhibitory complex is a risk factor toward the development of severe form of COVID-19. Our results confirm that a complex alteration of NK activity is present in COVID-19 infection and offer a molecular explanation for this observation.
An implementation framework of blockchain-based hazardous waste transfer management system
Authors: Song Guanghan , Lu Yujie , Feng Haibo , Lin Han , Zheng Yang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The rapid increase in volume and types of hazardous waste (HW) due to China's rapid economic development makes it significant to conduct HW safety management. However, due to the information asymmetry between the regularors and regulated institutions,problems such as illegal dumping and statistical fraud are common in hazardous waste transfer (HWT) activities. Moreover, there is a severe problem of information isolated island among waste production companies, transportation companies, and treatment companies in the HW market. Promoting the monitoring and information traceability of the whole process of HWT is the main challenge for HW management. Blockchain provides an ideal solution to overcome the above challenges. This study builds a framework of the blockchain-based HWT management system, enabling government regulators to obtain relevant information in HWT and improve HW's convenience. The system is introduced in detail from the infrastructure, blockchain-service,functions and users, emphasizing six information management functions.Finally, the positive impact and various challenges encountered in implementing blockchain in HWT management were discussed. This study applies blockchain to the research field of HWT management, which expands the application of blockchain in the field of solid waste management with great theoretical and practical significance.