bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model for reconstructing trends and distribution in age at first sex from multiple household surveys with reporting biases
Authors: Nguyen Van Kính , Eaton Jeffrey W 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAge at first sex (AFS) is a key indicator for monitoring sexual behaviour risk for HIV and sexually transmitted diseases. Reporting of AFS data, however, suffer social-desirability and recall biases which obscure AFS trends and inferences constructed from it. We illustrated examples of the biases using data from multiple nationally-representative Demographic and Health Surveys household surveys conducted between 1992 and 2019 in Ethiopia (4 surveys), Guinea (4 surveys), Senegal (8 surveys), and Zambia (8 surveys). Based on this, we proposed a time-to-event, interval censored model for the AFS that uses overlapping reports by the same birth cohort in successive surveys to adjust reporting biases. The three-parameter log-skew-logistic distribution described the asymmetric and nonmonotonic hazard exhibited by empirical AFS data. In cross-validation analysis, incorporating a term for AFS reporting bias as a function of age improved model predictions for the trend of AFS over birth cohorts. The interquartile range for the AFS was 16 years to 23 years for Ethiopian and Senegalese women and 15 years to 20 years for Guinean and Zambian men. Median AFS increased by around one to 1.5 years between the 1960 and 1989 birth cohorts for all four datasets. Younger male respondents tended to report a younger AFS while female respondents tended to report an older AFS than when asked in later surveys. Above age 30, both male and female respondents tended to report older AFS compared to when surveyed in their late twenties. Simulations validated that the model recovers the trend in AFS over birth cohorts in the presence of reporting biases. At least three surveys are needed to obtain reliable trend estimate for a 20-years trend. Mis-specified reference age at which reporting is assumed unbiased did not affect the trend estimate but resulted in biased estimates for the median AFS in the most recent birth cohorts.
Elevation drives activity of soil bacteria, but not of bacterial viruses
Authors: Merges D. , Schmidt Alexandra , Schmitt Imke , Neuschulz Eike Lena , Dal Grande Francesco , Bálint Miklós 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSoil microbial diversity affects ecosystem functioning and global biogeochemical cycles. Soil bacterial communities catalyze a diversity of biogeochemical reactions and have thus sparked considerable scientific interest. One driver of bacterial community dynamics in natural ecosystems has so far been largely neglected: the predator-prey interactions between bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) and bacteria. To generate ground level knowledge on environmental drivers of these particular predator-prey dynamics we propose an activity-based ecological framework to simultaneous capture community dynamics of bacteria and bacteriophages in soils. An ecological framework and specifically the analyses of community dynamics across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients have been widely used in ecology to understand community-wide responses of innumerable taxa to environmental change, in particular to climate. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the activity of bacteria and bacteriophages co-decline across an elevational gradient. We used metatranscriptomics to investigate bacterial and bacteriophage activity patterns at 5 sites across 400 elevational meters in the Swiss Alps in 2015 and 2017. We found that metabolic activity (transcription levels) of bacteria declined significantly with increasing elevation, but activity of bacteriophages did not. We showed that bacteriophages are consistently active in soil along the entire gradient. Bacteriophage activity pattern, however, is divergent from that of their putative bacterial prey. Future efforts will be necessary to link the environment-activity relationship to predator-prey dynamics, to understand the magnitude of viral contributions to mobilize bacterial cell carbon when infection causes bacterial cell death, a process that may represent an overlooked component of soil biogeochemical cycles.
Viral infection engenders bona fide and bystander lung memory B cell subsets through permissive selection
Authors: Gregoire Claude , Spinelli Lionel , Villazala-Merino Sergio , Gil Laurine , Moussa Myriam , Dong Chuang , Zarubica Ana , Fallet Mathieu , Navarro Jean-Marc , Malissen Bernard , Milpied Pierre , Gaya Mauro 
Published: December 2021

SummaryLung-resident memory B cells (MBCs) provide localized protection against reinfection in the respiratory airways. Currently, the biology of these cells remains largely unexplored. Here, we combined influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infection with fluorescent-reporter mice to identify MBCs regardless of antigen specificity. scRNA-seq analysis and confocal imaging revealed that two main transcriptionally distinct subsets of MBCs colonize the lung peribronchial niche after infection. These subsets arise from different progenitors and are both class-switched, somatically mutated and intrinsically biased in their differentiation fate towards plasma cells. Combined analysis of antigen-specificity and B cell receptor repertoire unveiled a highly permissive selection process that segregates these subsets into “bona fide” virus-specific MBCs and “bystander” MBCs with no apparent specificity for eliciting viruses. Thus, diverse transcriptional programs in MBCs are not linked to specific effector fates but rather to divergent strategies of the immune system to simultaneously provide rapid protection from reinfection while diversifying the initial B cell repertoire.
Cavitation erosion behavior of hydraulic concrete under high-speed flow
Authors: Wang Xin , Xie Ting-Qiang 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
Cavitation erosion has always been a common technical problem in a hydraulic discharging structure. This paper aims to investigate the cavitation erosion behavior of hydraulic concrete under high-speed flow.

Design/methodology/approach
A high-speed and high-pressure venturi cavitation erosion generator was used to simulate the strong cavitation. The characteristics of hydrodynamic loads of cavitation bubble collapse zone, the failure characteristics and the erosion development process of concrete were investigated. The main influencing factors of cavitation erosion were discussed.

Findings
The collapse of the cavitation bubble group produced a high frequency, continuous and unsteady pulse load on the wall of concrete, which was more likely to cause fatigue failure of concrete materials. The cavitation action position and the main frequency of impact load were greatly affected by the downstream pressure. A power exponential relationship between cavitation load, cavitation erosion and flow speed was observed. With the increase of concrete strength, the degree of damage of cavitation erosion was approximately linearly reduced.

Originality/value
After cavitation erosion, a skeleton structure was formed by the accumulation of granular particles, and the relatively independent bulk structure of the surface differed from the flake structure formed after abrasion.
Family-supportive supervisor behaviors and employee turnover intention in the foodservice industry: does gender matter?
Authors: Jolly Phillip M. , Gordon Susan E. , Self Timothy T. 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe restaurant industry is characterized by long hours, intense job demands and a lack of work-life balance. While a growing body of research has investigated methods for decreasing role conflict-related stress and strain in foodservice and hospitality employees, there is still little understanding of what supervisors can do to decrease work-life-related employee strain. This study aims to investigate how family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB) influence employee emotional exhaustion (EE) and subsequent turnover intentions, as well as the role of gender in moderating these effects.Design/methodology/approachA survey-based design using a national panel of 226 foodservice employees was used to investigate the hypotheses developed in this paper.FindingsResults indicated that FSSB decreased employee EE and subsequent turnover intentions. The authors also found that this relationship was stronger for female employees.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provides insight into the role that employee gender may play in response to the perception of and reactions to FSSB. Women still shoulder a majority of home and non-work caring duties, and therefore, they may be more positively affected when supervisors engage in behaviors that allow for balancing work and non-work demands.Originality/valueThere is little hospitality or foodservice-focused research into the effects of FSSB, and little overall research that investigates the role that gender may play in shaping the beneficial effects of FSSB. Given that women make up a majority of foodservice employees in the USA, yet there is a lack of female representation at higher levels of organizations, the study provides insights into ways in which organizations and supervisors can improve female employees’ working experiences and potentially increase their retention.
Exploring key factors influencing customer behavioral intention in robot restaurants
Authors: Guan Xinhua , Gong Jinhong , Li Mingjie , Huan Tzung-Cheng 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the robot restaurant servicescape and robot service competence (RSC) on customers’ behavioral intentions and to analyze the mediating role of hedonic value (HV) and utilitarian value (UV) in these relationships and the moderating role of individual characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach
This research involves seven constructs to be measured, namely, servicescape, RSC, negative attitude toward robots (NAR), openness to change (OC), HV, UV and behavioral intention. This research selects Foodom robot restaurants, located in Shunde and Guangzhou of China, as the research site, and the research objects are customers having dinner in the restaurant. A total of 485 valid data was collected. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data, verify the proposed research model, and test the research hypotheses.

Findings
The study finds that servicescape and RSC improve customer behavioral intention. Additionally, HV and UV mediate the influence of servicescape and RSC on customer behavioral intention. Moreover, OC negatively moderates the influence of servicescape on UV and that a NAR negatively moderates the influence of RSC on HV.

Originality/value
Through carefully design of servicescape and the improvement in service capabilities of robots, the original service delivery dominated by frontline service personnel can be transformed into service delivery dominated by service robots, which is conductive to providing a pleasant and unforgettable experience for customers.
Can ambulance dispatch categories discriminate traffic incidents that do/do not require a lights and sirens response?
Authors: Ceklic Ellen , Tohira Hideo , Finn Judith , Brink Deon , Bailey Paul , Whiteside Austin , Brown Elizabeth , Brits Rudolph , Ball Stephen 
Published: December 2021

PurposeTraffic incidents vary considerably in their severity, and the dispatch categories assigned during emergency ambulance calls aim to identify those incidents in greatest need of a lights and sirens (L&S) response. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dispatch categories could discriminate between those traffic incidents that do/do not require an L&S response.Design/methodology/approachA retrospective cohort study of ambulance records was conducted. The predictor variable was the Traffic/Transportation dispatch categories assigned by call-takers. The outcome variable was whether each incident required an L&S response. Possible thresholds for identifying dispatch categories that require an L&S response were developed. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each threshold.FindingsThere were 17,099 patients in 13,325 traffic incidents dispatched as Traffic/Transportation over the study period. “Possible death at scene” ‘had the highest odds (OR 22.07, 95% CI 1.06–461.46) and “no injuries” the lowest odds (OR 0.28 95% CI 0.14–0.58) of requiring an L&S response compared to the referent group. The area under the ROC curve was 0.65, 95% CI [0.64, 0.67]. It was found that Traffic/Transportation dispatch categories allocated during emergency ambulance calls had limited ability to discriminate those incidents that do/do not require an L&S response to the scene of a crash.Originality/valueThis research makes a unique contribution, as it considers traffic incidents not as a single entity but rather as a number of dispatch categories which has practical implications for those emergency medical services dispatching ambulances to the scene.
Experimental and analytical investigation of using externally bonded, hybrid, fiber-reinforced polymers to repair and strengthen heated, damaged RC beams in flexure
Authors: Al Rjoub Yousef , Obaidat Ala , Ashteyat Ahmed , Alshboul Khalid 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis study aims to conduct an experimental study and finite element model (FEM) to investigate the flexural behavior of heat-damaged beams strengthened/repaired by hybrid fiber-reinforced polymers (HFRP).Design/methodology/approachTwo groups of beams of (150 × 250 × 1,200) mm were cast, strengthened and repaired using different configurations of HFRP and tested under four-point loadings. The first group was kept at room temperature, while the second group was exposed to a temperature of 400°C.FindingsIt was found that using multiple layers of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) enhanced the strength more than a single layer. Also, the order of two layers of FRP showed no effect on flexural behavior of beams. Using a three-layer scheme (attaching the GFRP first and followed by two layers of CFRP) exhibited increase in ultimate load more than the scheme attached by CFRP first. Furthermore, the scheme HGC (heated beam repaired with glass and carbon, in sequence) allowed to achieve residual flexural capacity of specimen exposed to 400°C. Typical flexural failure was observed in control and heat-damaged beams, whereas the strengthened/repaired beams failed by cover separation and FRP debonding, however, specimen repaired with two layers of GFRP failed by FRP rupture. The FEM results showed good agreement with experimental results.Originality/valueFew researchers have studied the effects of HFRP on strengthening and repair of heated, damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beams. This paper investigates, both experimentally and analytically, the performance of externally strengthened and repaired RC beams, in flexure, with different FRP configurations of CFRP and GFRP.
COVID‐19 and housing market effects: Evidence from U.S. shutdown orders
Authors: D'Lima Walter , Lopez Luis Arturo , Pradhan Archana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper provides novel evidence on pricing effects in housing markets following government shutdown responses to COVID‐19 using microlevel data on U.S. residential property transactions. We find that post‐shutdown pricing effects not only depend on population density but also the size and structural density of properties. The average price of a three‐bedroom property fell by approximately 1.4% in densely populated locations (e.g., downtown) but increased by about 1.5% in low‐density locations (e.g., suburbs) where shutdowns were enacted. The effects are more drastic for properties with fewer bedrooms. We also document a significant decrease in sales for markets under a shutdown.
The impacts of antimicrobial and antifungal activity of cell‐free supernatants from lactic acid bacteria in vitro and foods
Authors: Mani‐López Emma , Arrioja‐Bretón Daniela , López‐Malo Aurelio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLactic acid bacteria (LAB) are distinguished by their ability to produce lactic acid, among other interesting metabolites with antimicrobial activity. A cell‐free supernatant (CFS) is a liquid containing the metabolites resulting from microbial growth and the residual nutrients of the medium used. CFS from LAB can have antimicrobial activity due to organic acids, fatty acids, and proteinaceous compounds, among other compounds. This review aims to summarize the information about CFS production, CFS composition, and the antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) activity of CFS from LAB in vitro, on foods, and in active packaging. In addition, the mechanisms of action of CFS on cells, the stability of CFS during storage, CFS cytotoxicity, and the safety of CFS are reviewed. The main findings are that CFS's antibacterial and antifungal activity in vitro has been widely studied, particularly in members of the genus Lactobacillus. CFS has produced strong inhibition of bacteria and molds on foods when applied directly or in active packaging. In most studies, the compounds responsible for antimicrobial activity are identified. A few studies indicate that CFSs are stable for 1 to 5 months at temperatures ranging from 4 to 35°C. The cytotoxicity of CFS on human cells has not been well studied. However, the studies that have been performed reported no toxicity of CFS. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate novel growth mediums for CFS preparation that are compatible with food sensory properties. More studies into CFS stability and cytotoxic effects are also needed.
Evaluation of genetic divergence of coffee genotypes using the volatile compounds and sensory attributes profile
Authors: Machado Jéssica Louzada , Tomaz Marcelo Antonio , da Luz José Maria Rodrigues , Osório Vanessa Moreira , Costa Adilson Vidal , Colodetti Tafarel Victor , Debona Danieli Grancieri , Pereira Lucas Louzada 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe quality of the coffee beverage is related to the chemical, physical, and sensory attributes of the coffee beans that vary with the geographic location of the crop, genetic factors, and post‐harvest processing. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence of 27 genotypes of Coffea canephora using the volatile compounds and sensory attributes profile to select genotypes that produce a coffee beverage with high sensory quality. This genetic diversity was estimated from the Euclidean distance matrix using non‐standard data and the Unweighted Pair‐Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA). The 2‐furyl‐methanol, 4‐ethenyl‐2‐methoxyphenol, furfural, 5‐methylfurfural, methylpyrazine, and 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine were predominating volatile compounds in the genotypes. The sensory attributes had a positive Pearson's correlation with the total score. The volatile compounds had a different relative contribution to the genetic divergence between the genotypes of C. canephora. The 4‐ethenyl‐2‐methoxyphenol, 2‐furyl‐methanol, and furfural were volatile compounds that most contributed to the formation of the groups in the UPGMA dendrogram. The relative contribution of sensory attributes to dissimilarity among genotypes was 6.42% to 20.20%. Therefore, this study verified the relative contribution of volatile compounds, in specially 4‐ethenyl‐2‐methoxyphenol, 2‐furyl‐methanol, and furfural, and sensory attributes (flavor, mouthfeel, and bitterness/sweetness) to the genetic divergence between the genotypes of the three clonal varieties. Thus, this work points out compounds that positively contribute to the sensory quality of the Conilon coffee beverage.
Increased gene expression of B cell‐activating factor of tumor necrosis factor family, in remitting antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis patients
Authors: Jha Saket , Singh Jagdeep , Minz Ranjana W. , Dhooria Aadhar , Naidu GSRSNK , Ranjan Kumar Rajiv , Rathi Manish , Jain Sanjay , Anand Shashi , Sharma Aman 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo study the expression of B cell‐activating factor of tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) and A proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL) genes in active and remitting patients with anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis (AAV) and healthy controls and their correlation with disease activity.MethodsThis was a prospective case‐control study. Gene expressions of BAFF and APRIL were studied in 32 patients with AAV (16 each with active disease and in remission) and 30 healthy age and sex matched controls by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsOut of 32 AAV patients, 26 had granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and 6 had microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Mean ages of patients in active (12 GPA and 4 MPA) and remission (14 GPA and 2 MPA) groups were 39.4 ± 17.2 and 44.6 ± 16.1 years, respectively. BAFF gene expression was significantly higher in both the active AAV group and remission AAV group compared to controls (P < .01). The BAFF expression was significantly higher in AAV patients in remission compared to active AAV patients (P = .003). In contrast, APRIL expression did not differ between AAV patients and controls (P = .829). However, APRIL had significantly higher expression in remission as compared to active patients (P = .048). There was no significant correlation of both BAFF and APRIL expression with disease activity markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein, platelets and Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score version 3).ConclusionBAFF gene is significantly expressed in patients with AAV. Among AAV patients, there is a significantly higher expression of BAFF and APRIL in remitting state of the disease as compared to active state. There is no significant change in APRIL gene expression in patients with AAV as compared to controls. This makes a case for anti‐BAFF therapy in future for AAV patients in northern India.
Cost‐effectiveness of second‐line empagliflozin versus liraglutide for type 2 diabetes in the United States
Authors: Reifsnider Odette S. , Pimple Pratik , Brand Sarah , Bergrath Washington Evelien , Shetty Sharash , Desai Nihar R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo estimate the cost‐effectiveness of sequential use of the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor empagliflozin and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist liraglutide after metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the US payer perspective.Materials and MethodsAn economic simulation model with a lifetime horizon was developed to estimate T2D‐related complications (including cardiovascular [CV] death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and renal outcomes) using EMPA‐REG OUTCOME data or UK Prospective Diabetes Study risk equations, in patients with or without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), respectively. Evidence synthesis methods were used to provide effectiveness inputs for empagliflozin and liraglutide. Population characteristics, adverse event rates, treatment escalation, costs ($2019), and utilities (both discounted 3%/year) were taken from US sources.ResultsCompared with second‐line liraglutide in the overall T2D population, second‐line empagliflozin was dominant as it was associated with lower total lifetime cost ($11 244/patient less) and resulted in a quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY) gain (0.32/patient). Second‐line empagliflozin was associated with reductions in CV death (by 5%) and lower cumulative complication rates in patients with CVD (by 2%), relative to second‐line liraglutide. These findings were consistent among patients with co‐morbid CVD, with gains in incremental QALYs (0.43/patient) and lower lifetime cost (by $10 175/patient) relative to second‐line liraglutide. Scenario analyses consistently showed dominance for second‐line empagliflozin.ConclusionFor patients with T2D, use of second‐line empagliflozin combined with metformin was a dominant strategy for US payers, associated with extended survival, improved QALYs, and lower costs compared with second‐line liraglutide.