bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON THE INJURIOUS EFFECT OF THE BABY CARRIAGE ON THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE YOUNG (1880)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

On November 10, 1880, Dr. Henry H. Smith of Philadelphia read a paper before the Philadelphia County Medical Society in which he condemned the use of the baby carriage as follows:
The advocates of the use of baby-carriages contend that they are beneficial by keeping an infant longer in the fresh air than can be done when it is carried by a nurse, who soon becomes fatigued.
This is certainly not true in many instances, as a woman who is not strong enough to carry an infant, even if it weighs twenty-five pounds, is physically unfitted for her duty as a nurse. Such an objection is very apt to be raised by the nurses themselves, and should be regarded with suspicion by the mother. Often it is evidence of laziness or a fondness for flirtation or talking, as may be noted at any time in our parks or squares, and especially in Rittenhouse Square, where many nurses of wealthy children can be daily seen amusing themselves by the hour, totally regardless of the infant, who may be likewise seen with its head hanging out over the side of the carriage, so as to compress the veins of the neck and induce a certain degree of congestion of the brain, if it is not found in some equally-improper and injurious attitude likely to result in curvature or caries of the spine, the origin or exciting cause of which it is subsequently difficult to recognize.
Another evil liable to ensue from the constant use of the baby-carriage is the jarring and concussion of the delicate brain and spinal cord of the infant, created by bouncing the carriage over gutters or up and down the curbstones of our sidewalks....
The baby-carriage mania has now reached that point in Philadelphia that an infant and a coach appear to be inseparable, and, though the cost of a baby-carriage is quite an item in the expenses of the nursery, "few there are so poor as not to do it reverence." Of course, it is admitted that there may be instances where the use of a baby-carriage occasionally by a child able to walk a little, or where the carriage permits a poor, tired mother to obtain for herself a little relaxation whilst keeping her baby in its carriage in the Park, or in the case of feeble children or those recuperating from an attack of illness, is advantageous: but, as a general rule, the anatomical and physiological facts just alluded to may be deemed as sufficient to induce physicians to give attention to the abuse of a custom that is by no means the result of necessity in the case of infants or those under twelve months of age.
Foster Care Children
Authors: DEMB HOWARD B. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
After reading Schor's article "The Foster Care System and Health Status of Foster Children" (Pediatrics 1982;69:521) I wished that there was one point he would have made more clearly. Namely, that the population of children coming into foster care has a high incidence of psychopathology, much of it rather severe. A corollary point should also be made, ie, that the quantity and quality of psychopathology produced by the fact of entering foster care is minimal by comparison to the nature and extent of the psychopathology already present in these children when they come into foster care.
Creatinine Excretion
Authors: HARKAVY KENNETH L. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
The data presented by Sutphen1 are interesting, but they do not speak to the conclusions that are drawn in the paper. If urine creatinine excretion is supposed to reflect body muscle (protein) mass, why wasn't creatinine excretion expressed as milligrams per kilogram of actual weight v actual weight? Inspection of the Table suggests the correlation would not be nearly as good. His results do support the conclusion that larger infants have more protein but variation with malnutrition or maturation is unevaluated.
Conjunctivitis-Otitis Syndrome
Authors: NERSESIAN WILLIAM S. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
Bodor's report1 concerning conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome concludes that 73% of patients with purulent conjunctivitis concurrently had otitis media. He also remarks that in families with more than one child, 47% of siblings were affected simultaneously or within a one-month period. If valid, these data certainly add to our knowledge concerning bacterial conjunctivitis; however, I believe the study contains some flaws which seriously affect its credibility.
First, and most important, the study did not examine all patients with purulent conjunctivitis who were seen during a 1-year period.
Conjunctivitis-Otitis Syndrome
Authors: WHITSON ROBERT K. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
The recent article by Bodor1 is an excellent discussion of a clinical syndrome virtually unrecognized in standard textbooks. However, his article does not clearly indicate the frequency of associated otitis media in patients with eye symptoms only, nor does it discuss treatment and outcome in patients with the conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome. Because of the apparent association between conjunctivitis and otitis in young children, I started a study in my private pediatric practice to determine the frequency of this association.
Consultants to Schools
Authors: SPRUNGER LEWIS W. , BOYCE W. THOMAS , DUNCAN BURRIS 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
Recent studies1,2 have shown that children use school systems' health care resources to address their problems of both "new" and "old" morbidity. Because schools generally do not provide primary health care, such children may be less than adequately served. Wright and Vanderpool3 have proposed that pediatricians make increased efforts to bolster schools' involvement with and understanding of child health issues by serving as consultants. This appears to be one rational strategy to follow while we continue to strive to make comprehensive primary health care universally available to children.
Aspirin Consumption and Severity of Reye's Syndrome
Authors: STARKO KAREN M. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
The Center for Disease Control,1 the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics,2 and The Food and Drug Administration,3 have concluded that the studies conducted in Arizona,4 Michigan,5 and Ohio6 indicate that a statistically significant association exists between Reye's syndrome (RS) and salicylate use. Reasons for this association being false, such as case-control misclassification, the influence of confounding variables (fever, headache) etc, have been addressed by these groups. Although concerns have been raised regarding these factors, none has been shown to account for the association.
Doppler-Pulsatility Index
Authors: BATTON DANIEL G. , HELLMANN JONATHAN , MAISELS M. JEFFREY 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
The determination of cerebral blood velocity in the newborn infant using transfontanel Doppler ultrasound has been discussed in detail in two recent commentaries.1,2 Whereas the use of the Doppler effect to determine blood velocity is well accepted, it is apparent that considerable controversy exists regarding the ability of this technique to measure cerebral blood flow in the neonate.1,2 In particular, the hemodynamic significance of the pulsatility index (PI) remains unclear.
It has been suggested that the PI reflects cerebral vascular resistance based on the assumption that, as resistance is altered, primarily diastolic, and not systolic, blood velocity will change.
Vaginal Hygiene of Girls Seen in Well Child Care Visits
Authors: LE CHINH T. , YU KYO L. , TRIMMER MARILEE 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
Pediatricians and nurse practitioners often find that the vaginal hygiene of female infants seen in routine well-baby visits is inadequate. Fecally stained secretions are often found in the intracoitus, labial folds, or groin of these children. During a two-month period, we prospectively surveyed mothers seen in our offices for their knowledge of adequate hygiene practices for female infant genitalia.
We specifically asked the mothers to demonstrate how they routinely wiped their baby girls' perineal and vaginal areas after "a messy diaper."
Circumcision: The Effect of Information on Parental Decision Making
Authors: MAISELS M. JEFFREY , HAYES BARBARA , CONRAD SARAH , CHEZ RONALD A. 
Published: December 2021

Circumcision, a surgical procedure of debatable medical value, is performed on more than 80% of male infants in the United States.1-3 Although there are numerous documented complications of the surgery,4 parents are rarely informed adequately about the operation or its risks.5,6 We speculated that if parents were given more complete and objective information about the procedure, some might elect not to have their sons circumcised. This study was designed to test this hypothesis.
METHODS
During a 3-month period, 104 mothers seen in our prenatal clinic at 30 to 34 weeks of gestation were randomly assigned to receive, or not to receive, written information about circumcision.
Kernicterus Reexamined
Authors: TURKEL SUSAN BECKWITT , MILLER CAROL A. , GUTTENBERG MARTA E. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Ours was a retrospective, controlled study of the clinical-pathologic correlates of kernicterus. Cases with kernicterus at autopsy were matched by gestational age, weight, and length of survival with paired control infants. The same neuropathologist was responsible for the initial processing and diagnosis of all the cases.
On review, we found the expected histologic features of toxic bilirubin encephalopathy in only two of 32 cases with characteristic gross bilirubin staining at autopsy. Spongy change was found in no predictable anatomic location in the remaining cases.
Measles in the Future?
Authors: FULGINITI VINCENT A. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
The conservative figure for seroconversion after live measles virus vaccine administered at 15 months of age is given as "at least 95%."1 In many of the actual studies seroconversion, when tested by sensitive serologic techniques, is actually higher, 97% to 100%.2-4 To our knowledge, no one has studied, comprehensively, a large group of nonreactors to determine whether: (1) they are genetically incapable of responding, (2) they will respond to a second dose, or (3) they are actually immune but not detected by the tests employed.
Parents' Time Is Worth Money
Authors: DONN STEVEN M. , GLASSANOS MARIANNE R. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Richardson has raised several issues not fully addressed in our initial report which deserve careful consideration.
We certainly agree that there may be opportunity costs to the parents. However, our program is offered selectively and would not be available to families if it imposed economic hardship that would jeopardize infant or family well-being. Of course, certain costs of child rearing are assumed by every parent choosing to have a child and most working mothers do tend to take some time from work after the birth of the child.
Treatment of the Choking Child
Authors: HOFFMAN JEROME R. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
The continuing controversy regarding best management of foreign body obstruction of the upper airway was given fairly significant coverage in your July 1982 issue. Although the position paper of the Committee on Accident and Poison Prevention of the American Academy of Pediatrics1 presents the conventional bias shared by other authoritative groups such as the American Heart Association and the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, it does not present the rationale for its position.
Is the "Therapeutic Orphan" About to Be Adopted?
Authors: Coté Charles J. , Kauffman Ralph E. , Troendle Gloria J. , Lambert George H. 
Published: December 2021

In this issue of Pediatrics, the Committee on Drugs (COD) has examined the continued problem of the "unapproved" use of "approved" medications in pediatrics.1 This commentary will expand on the issues that have restricted drug research in children and describe current initiatives to facilitate and encourage such research to achieve the necessary drug labeling to reduce unapproved uses of medications in children.
BACKGROUND
Physicians who treat infants and children frequently prescribe medications that have never been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for pediatric patients; unfortunately, many drugs are released without labels for pediatric use and often with pediatric disclaimers.
Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis With Autoimmune Phenomena and Meningitis in a 14-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Debley Jason S. , Rozansky David J. , Miller Michael L. , Katz Ben Z. , Greene Marianne E. 
Published: December 2021

Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, also known as Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, is a disorder of lymph nodes originally described by Kikuchi1 and Fujimoto2 in 1972. Since 1982 this disorder has been increasingly recognized in the United States and worldwide, with the most extensive analyses of the disease presented by Dorfman et al.3-5 There has been little discussion of this entity in the pediatric literature.
The most common presentation of necrotizing lymphadenitis includes fever and painless cervical lymphadenopathy. Patients may also present with weight loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, or diaphoresis. On occasion, myalgias, arthralgias, malar or butterfly rash, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly have been noted.3
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Wiswell Thomas E. , Baumgart Stephen , Gannon Catharine M. , Spitzer Alan R. 
Published: December 2021

Dr Escobar rightly concludes that more research is needed concerning the performance of lumbar punctures (LPs) in neonates at risk for sepsis. He warns of accepting a blanket recommendation of performing LPs in all these infants. As the risks for long-term complications from the procedure are extraordinarily low, we wonder what "unfortunate events" he fears from such a recommendation.
In regard to the possibility that clinicians may not have recorded symptoms, we carefully reviewed the entire medical records, including both physicians' and nurses' notes.
Does Quality of Care Affect Rates of Hospitalization for Childhood Asthma?
Authors: Homer Charles J. , Szilagyi Peter , Rodewald Lance , Bloom Sheila R. , Greenspan Peter , Yazdgerdi Susan , Leventhal John M. , Finkelstein Dianne , Perrin James M. 
Published: December 2021

Background. Hospitalization rates for childhood asthma are three times as high in Boston, Massachusetts, as in Rochester, New York; New Haven, Connecticut, rates are intermediate. We undertook this study to determine how care for children admitted for asthma varies across these communities.
Methods. We performed a community-wide retrospective chart review. We reviewed a random sample of all asthma hospitalizations, from 1988 to 1990, of children 2 to 12 years old living in these communities (n = 614). Abstracted data included demographics, illness severity, and treatment before admission.
Results. Compared with Rochester children, Boston children were less likely to have received maintenance preventive therapy (inhaled corticosteroids or cromolyn [odds ratio (OR), 0.4 (0.2, 0.9)]), acute "rescue" therapy (oral corticosteroids [OR, 0.2 (0.1, 0.4)]), or inhaled betaagonist therapy [OR, 0.5 (0.3, 1.0)]. A larger proportion of admitted asthmatic patients in Boston (34%) were in the least severely ill group—oxygen saturation 95% or above—compared with patients in Rochester (20%).
Conclusions. The quality of ambulatory care, including choice of preventive therapies and thresholds for admission, likely plays a key role in determining community hospitalization rates for chronic conditions such as childhood asthma.
Alcohol Misuse and Adolescent Sexual Behaviors and Risk Taking
Authors: Fergusson David M. , Lynskey Michael T. 
Published: December 2021

Objective. The aims of this study were to examine the associations between alcohol misuse and measures of early onset sexual activity and sexual risk-taking behaviors during adolescence and the extent to which any association between these two sets of behaviors could be explained by common risk factors that predisposed individuals to both outcomes.
Method. Data were gathered during the course of a 16-year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 953 New Zealand children and included: (1) self-report measures of early onset sexual activity (before the age of 16 years), multiple partners (three or more), and unprotected intercourse during the interval from 15 to 16 years; and (2) prospectively measured risk factors, including social background, childhood adversity, novelty seeking, and affiliations with delinquent peers.
Results. Adolescents who reported misusing alcohol had odds of early onset sexual activity, multiple partners, and unprotected intercourse that were 6.1 to 23.0 times those of young people who did not misuse alcohol. After adjustment for common or correlated risk factors, the adjusted odds ratios between alcohol misuse and early onset sexual activity and unprotected intercourse were reduced but remained statistically significant. However, no significant association between alcohol misuse and multiple partners was found after adjustment for common or correlated risk factors.
Conclusions. Much of the apparent association between alcohol misuse and teenage sexual activity and risk taking seems to arise through the influence of common family, individual, and peer factors. However, alcohol misuse may also place teenagers at greater risk of initiating early onset sexual intercourse and engaging in unprotected intercourse.
Safety and Efficacy of High-dose Rhesus-Human Reassortant Rotavirus Vaccines-Report of the National Multicenter Trial
Authors: Rennels Margaret B. , Glass Roger I. , Dennehy Penelope H. , Bernstein David I. , Pichichero Michael E. , Zito Edward T. , Mack Michael E. , Davidson Bruce L. , Kapikian Albert Z. ,   United States Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Group
Published: December 2021

In the January 1996 article titled "Safety and Efficacy of High-dose Rhesus Human Reassortant Rotavirus Vaccines—Report of the National Multicenter Trial" (Rennels et al. Pediatrics, 1996:97:7-13), the Acknowledgments section on page 12 included an incorrect location for one member of the United States Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Group, and another member was inadvertently omitted.
The correct list should include: Stephen Fries, MD, Boulder Medical Center, Boulder, CO; and Hervey Froehlich, MD, Kaiser Permanente Medical Office, Fresno, CA.
Impact of effective microbes (em) bokashi supplementation on nutrients digestibility, rumen fermentation and gas volume production in diets of sheep
Authors: YACOUT Mohamed Helmy , EL-BADAWI Alaa Yahia , KHALEL Mohamed Samir , ATIA Safaa Elsayed , HASSAN Ayman Abdel Mohsen 
Published: December 2021

The present study was conducted to determine the appropriate type of by-products {sugar beet pulp (SBP), grape seeds (GS), olive cake (OC), citrus pulp (CtP), and jojoba meal (JM)} fermented with activated effective microorganisms (EM-Bokashi) to be integrated into the diet of sheep to obtain the best nutrient digestibility and rumen characteristic of Barki sheep. An in vitro experiment was carried out on five fistulated females for rumen fermentation activity, while 15 males were used for digestibility trials. Treatment with EM caused less cell wall content. GS and CtP had higher feed intake (FI) and digestibility coefficients; the lower was found for JM as well less FI. SBP and JM had a higher pH and NH3 concentration, while they were less for GS and CtP. Those had higher total volatile fatty acids (TVFA's) concentration, percentage of acetate, and acetic to propionic (A/P) ratio. JM had less acetate, A/P and higher propionate and butyrate. Higher gas volume after 24h fermentation was noticed for GS and CtP, they were higher kinetic parameters as well, but they were less methane production and more ME (MJ/kg DM), OMD (%) and microbial protein syntheses. Therefore, in conclusion, feeding Bokashi of GS or CtP to sheep can improve productivity, while using Bokashi of JM should be combined with other feeds.
Frequency of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria in Broiler Meat
Authors: PRINCIPAL Admin , NISTOR Alina L. , MIHAI Mihaela , ROTAR Ancuța M. , POP Carmen R. 
Published: December 2021

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents the ability of microorganisms to resist antimicrobial treatments. AMR occurs when microorganisms change in order to reduce or eliminate the effect of antimicrobials, which they were previously susceptible. There were reported animal food products contaminated with antimicrobial resistant strains, like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Camylobacter spp., extended spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing-Enterobacteriaceae (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp. etc.). The aim of this paper is to analyze the frequency of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in broiler meat, at European level. Data were obtained based on the latest EFSA and ECDC Reports, comparing the year 2016 with the year 2018 of the incidence of Salmonella spp., different serovars of Salmonella enterica subs. enterica and Escherichia coli producing ESBL and AmpC, in broiler meat. The incidence of resistant Salmonella spp. showed a decrease between 2016 and 2018. However, the incidence increased for different resistant serovars. Salmonella Infantis showed a decrease in the two years taken into consideration. Regarding the incidence of ESBL E. coli in broiler meat, the results showed an increase for resistance to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin.
Sequence Analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Region of the Nuclear Ribosomal DNA (nrDNA), and trnL Intron of Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of the Chrysochamela (Fenzl) Boiss. (Brassicaceae) In Turkey
Authors: SEVİNDİK Emre , PAKSOY Mehmet Yavuz 
Published: December 2021

Brassicaceae family is an important one since it includes many economic and significant industrial oilseeds, spices, vegetables and some forage plants. In this study, sequences analysis among Chrysochamela (Brassicaceae) species distributed in Turkey were conducted nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL intron sequences. Chrysochamela species were collected and brought to the laboratory. ITS and trnL intron sequences were corrected with BioEdit and FinchTV programs. As a result of the study, ITS nucleotide compound compositions were determined as 22.7% T, 29.1 C, 21.5% A and 26.7% G. The lowest distance was 0.000 and the highest distance was 0.037. The phylogenetic tree obtained using the MEGA 6.0 program consists of two large groups. According to trnL intron sequences 37.9% T, 18.4 C, 28.3% A and 15.5% G. Nucleotide compound compositions were determined. The genetic distance between species was determined between 0.000 and 0.022. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree consists of two large groups. As a result, phylogenetic analyzes using ITS and trnL intron sequences were compatible with each other. It was also in past studies found to be supported by morphological, anatomical and RAPD data.