bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer use and pay for performance
Authors: Bayo‐Moriones Alberto , Erro‐Garcés Amaya , Lera‐López Fernando 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWorkplace digitalisation is a pervasive phenomenon associated to an increase in wage differentials between occupations. This paper analyses the relationship between computer use and pay for performance, whose incidence has also followed a positive growth pattern. More concretely, we examined three pay‐for‐performance schemes: productivity/piece rate, team and firm pay for performance. We also investigated the mediating role of job design in this relationship. The complementarity framework perspective and the economic theory of incentives were the theoretical approaches applied in the development of hypotheses. Data from four waves of the European Working Conditions Survey were used in the empirical analyses. A positive association was found between computer use and the three pay for performance schemes considered, particularly team and firm pay for performance. The results also indicated that this relationship was partially explained by changes in job design due to computerisation, such as higher job complexity, on‐the‐job training and teamwork.
Elevated serum CYFRA 21‐1 level as a diagnostic marker for thymic carcinoma
Authors: Shiiya Haruhiko , Ujiie Hideki , Hida Yasuhiro , Kato Tatsuya , Kaga Kichizo , Wakasa Satoru , Kikuchi Eiki , Shinagawa Naofumi , Okada Kazufumi , Ito Yoichi M. , Matsuno Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundNo useful tumor markers have been identified for the diagnosis of thymic carcinomas. Serum cytokeratin 19 fragment, measured using the CYFRA 21‐1 immunoassay, is used as a tumor marker for squamous cell carcinomas in various malignant tumors. Here, we evaluated the value of CYFRA 21‐1 in diagnosing thymic carcinoma.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 94 patients with pathological diagnoses of thymic carcinoma or thymoma (32 and 62 patients, respectively) who were referred to our departments between January 2000 and March 2019. Primary outcomes included tumor marker levels and their diagnostic accuracy.ResultsPatients with thymic carcinoma were significantly more likely to be male (thymic carcinoma, 68.8%; thymoma, 40.3%; p = 0.02), have an advanced TNM stage (p < 0.01), and a significantly higher CYFRA 21‐1 level than those with thymoma (thymic carcinoma: median = 4.2 ng/ml; interquartile range [IQR] = 2.1–6.1 ng/ml vs. thymoma: median = 1.2 ng/ml; IQR = 0.9–1.7 ng/ml; p < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated that the area under the curve for CYFRA 21‐1 to distinguish thymic carcinoma from thymoma was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74–0.93; cutoff = 2.7 ng/ml; sensitivity = 68.8%; specificity = 95.2%). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that CYFRA 21‐1 (odds ratio = 25.6; 95% CI: 4.6–141.6; p < 0.01) was an independent predictor for thymic carcinoma after adjusting for TNM stage.ConclusionsSerum CYFRA 21‐1 level may help in diagnosing thymic carcinoma.
Programmed, intermittent boluses versus continuous infusion to the sciatic nerve – a non‐inferiority randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Behrend Christiansen Claus , Herold Madsen Mikkel , Rothe Christian , Bretlau Claus , Lundstrøm Lars Hyldborg , Lange Kai H. W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTrials comparing programmed, intermittent boluses (PIB) and continuous infusion in catheter‐based nerve blocks found no analgesic differences. However, as these trials used equal doses of local anesthetic (LA), the time of action of each bolus was not accounted for. Therefore, the dose‐sparing benefits of PIB may have been overlooked. We compared the analgesic effect of boluses administered in intervals resembling the time of action of each bolus with continuous infusion. We hypothesized that PIB provided non‐inferior analgesia despite consuming less LA.MethodsEighty‐one patients undergoing fore‐ and midfoot surgery receiving a catheter‐based sciatic nerve block were randomized to ropivacaine 0.2% as PIB of 10 ml every 8th hour or as continuous infusion, 6 ml h−1. All participants could also receive boluses of 10 ml every 4th hour as needed. A non‐inferiority randomized controlled design was used. Primary outcome was pain (VAS, 0–100 mm) for 72 h using area under curve (AUC) calculation. We assumed a linear relationship between mean VAS and AUC‐VAS and used a non‐inferiority margin of VAS = 20 mm, corresponding to AUC‐VAS = 1440 mm h.ResultsMean difference in AUC‐VAS was −416 mm h (95% CI −1076 to 244; p = .217) between continuous infusion (mean AUC‐VAS 1206 mm h) and PIB (mean AUC‐VAS 1621 mm h), establishing non‐inferiority. Mean total LA consumption was significantly larger for continuous infusion compared to PIB ((468 ml (95% CI 458 to 478) vs. 136 ml (95% CI 123 to 148); p < 0.0001)).ConclusionsPIB provided non‐inferior analgesia compared to continuous infusion for 72 postoperative hours despite using significantly less LA.
Caregiver burden and emotional wellbeing in informal caregivers to ICU survivors—A prospective cohort study
Authors: Milton Anna , Schandl Anna , Larsson Ing‐Marie , Wallin Ewa , Savilampi Johanna , Meijers Katarina , Joelsson‐Alm Eva , Bottai Matteo , Sackey Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundInformal caregivers to intensive care unit (ICU) survivors may develop post‐intensive care syndrome family (PICS‐F), including depression, anxiety and post‐traumatic stress (PTS). Our primary aim was to investigate associations between caregiver burden in informal caregivers cohabiting with ICU survivors and patients’ physical and psychological outcomes.MethodsA prospective, multicentre cohort study in four ICUs in Sweden. Adults cohabiting with ICU patients included in a previous study were eligible for inclusion. Three months post‐ICU, informal caregivers received questionnaires assessing caregiver burden, health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTS. In parallel, patients reported their three‐month physical and psychological status via validated questionnaires. The primary outcome of this study was to compare caregiver burden in informal caregivers to patients with and without adverse physical and psychological outcomes 3 months post‐ICU. Secondary outcomes were correlations between caregiver burden and informal caregivers’ mental HRQL.ResultsAmong 62 included informal caregivers, 55 (89%) responded to the follow‐up questionnaires. Caregiver burden was higher among informal caregivers to patients with an adverse outcome, compared to informal caregivers to patients without an adverse outcome, caregiver burden scale score mean (±standard deviation) 52 (11) and 41 (13) respectively (p = 0.003). There was strong negative correlation between caregiver burden and informal caregivers’ mental HRQL (rs −0.74, p < 0.001).ConclusionInformal caregivers to ICU survivors with adverse physical or psychological outcome experience a higher caregiver burden. A higher caregiver burden correlates with worse caregiver mental HRQL. ICU follow‐up programs should consider screening and follow‐up of informal caregivers for mental health problems.
Anatomical human fitting of the BiVACOR total artificial heart
Authors: Emmanuel Sam , Jansz Paul , McGiffin David , Kure Christina , Watson Alasdair , Connellan Mark , Granger Emily , Iyer Arjun , Timms Daniel , Hayward Christopher 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBiVACOR is a novel total artificial heart (TAH) utilizing a single centrifugal magnetically levitated rotor with the ability to modulate pulsatile flow. The device has been successfully tested in a bovine model. We undertook a multicenter anatomical and virtual fitting study of the BiVACOR in patients undergoing heart transplantation.Methods10 patients were recruited across two heart transplant centers. A sterilized 1:1 titanium model of the device was inserted into the patient’s chest post heart explant, prior to implantation of the donor heart. Measurements were recorded in situ. The device was then removed. Following this, retrospective 3D reconstructions were created from computed tomography chest scans to simulate a virtual fitting.ResultsMean age was 53 years (range 38–67). Mean BMI was 28 (range 20–37). Heart failure etiology was varied—with ischemic cardiomyopathy being the most common. Mean spine‐to‐sternum distance at the tenth thoracic vertebrae (T10) was 14 cm (range 11–18). Mean aorta to aortic Port distance was 0.2 cm (range 0–0.5). Mean pulmonary artery to pulmonary artery port distance was 4.2 cm (range 1–7). The device fitted suitably in all patients without gross distortion to the geometry between native vessel/chamber and port.ConclusionsThis study described the anatomical and virtual fitting of the BiVACOR TAH. The device fit well within the chest cavities of all 10 patients, who represented a variety of body morphologies and heart failure etiology.
ACE2 function in the pancreatic islet: Implications for relationship between SARS‐CoV‐2 and diabetes
Authors: Memon Bushra , Abdelalim Essam M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe molecular link between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and susceptibility is not well understood. Nonetheless, a bi‐directional relationship between SARS‐CoV‐2 and diabetes has been proposed. The angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is considered as the primary protein facilitating SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2 attachment and entry into the host cells. Studies suggested that ACE2 is expressed in the endocrine cells of the pancreas including beta cells, in addition to the lungs and other organs; however, its expression in the islets, particularly beta cells, has been met with some contradiction. Importantly, ACE2 plays a crucial role in glucose homoeostasis and insulin secretion by regulating beta cell physiology. Given the ability of SARS‐CoV‐2 to infect human pluripotent stem cell‐derived pancreatic cells in vitro and the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in pancreatic samples from COVID‐19 patients strongly hints that SARS‐CoV‐2 can invade the pancreas and directly cause pancreatic injury and diabetes. However, more studies are required to dissect the underpinning molecular mechanisms triggered in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected islets that lead to aggravation of diabetes. Regardless, it is important to understand the function of ACE2 in the pancreatic islets to design relevant therapeutic interventions in combatting the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 on diabetes pathophysiology. Herein, we detail the function of ACE2 in pancreatic beta cells crucial for regulating insulin sensitivity, secretion, and glucose metabolism. Also, we discuss the potential role played by ACE2 in aiding SARS‐COV‐2 entry into the pancreas and the possibility of ACE2 cooperation with alternative entry factors as well as how that may be linked to diabetes pathogenesis.
Novel human in vitro vegetation simulation model for infective endocarditis
Authors: Schwartz Franziska A. , Christophersen Lars , Laulund Anne Sofie , Lundquist Rasmus , Lerche Christian , Rude Nielsen Pia , Bundgaard Henning , Høiby Niels , Moser Claus 
Published: September 2021

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a heart valve infection with high mortality rates. IE results from epithelial lesions, inducing sterile healing vegetations consisting of platelets, leucocytes, and fibrin that are susceptible for colonization by temporary bacteremia. Clinical testing of new treatments for IE is difficult and fast models sparse. The present study aimed at establishing an in vitro vegetation simulation IE model for fast screening of novel treatment strategies. A healing promoting platelet and leucocyte‐rich fibrin patch was used to establish an IE organoid‐like model by colonization with IE‐associated bacterial isolates Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp (S. mitis group), and Enterococcus faecalis. The patch was subsequently exposed to tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, or penicillin. Bacterial colonization was evaluated by microscopy and quantitative bacteriology. We achieved stable bacterial colonization on the patch, comparable to clinical IE vegetations. Microscopy revealed uneven, biofilm‐like colonization of the patch. The surface‐associated bacteria displayed increased tolerance to antibiotics compared to planktonic bacteria. The present study succeeded in establishing an IE simulation model with the relevant pathogens S. aureus, S. mitis group, and E. faecalis. The findings indicate that the IE model mirrors the natural IE process and has the potential for fast screening of treatment candidates.
The influence of issues on moral judgment: A comparison of college students and business practitioners in the Republic of Croatia
Authors: Gonan Božac Marli , Smith Charles G. , Pauliši Morena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGiven recent lapses in business decision making the development of business moral judgment has become a central issue in the United States and around the world. Our paper surveyed 171 students and 59 business practitioners in the Republic of Croatia to identify the influence that an issue's contours have on Rest's second psychological construct, Moral Judgment. Issue context—business or student sample—found that business practitioners demonstrated superior moral reasoning. Issue content—specific nature of the issue at hand—showed richness of moral reasoning varied with the specific subject of the issue for both students and business practitioners. And stability across issues—consistency in moral judgment—found students far more uniform in their reasoning than business practitioners. It follows that (1) lessons learned in the business community may better inform instruction at the collegiate level, (2) cultural peculiarities impact moral reasoning, and (3) transitioning economies offer challenges. Future researchers may wish to explore the decline in moral judgment exhibited by Millennials, possible bifurcated reasoning in other social groupings, and public policies needed to improve moral judgment.
Individual susceptibility has a major impact on strong association between oxidative stress, defence systems and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Karahalil Bensu , Miser Salihoğlu Ece , Elkama Aylin , Orhan Gürdal , Saygın Evrim , Yardim Akaydin Sevgi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOxidative stress plays an important role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, which causes Parkinson's disease (PD). Oxidative stress products, antioxidant and their balance have important roles in the development of oxidative stress‐based PD. The impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and defence systems can be altered by genetic polymorphisms, and thus the risk of PD may also be affected. We aimed to investigate the possible association of individual susceptibility with the development of oxidative stress‐based PD. For this purpose, we measured serum levels of folic acid, homocysteine, Vitamin B6 and B12 that play roles in folate‐dependent one‐carbon pathway, oxidant or antioxidant enzymes (NADPH oxidase, MnSOD, GPX), 8‐OHdG and repair enzymes (OGG1, XRCC1 and MTH1) by ELISA, and analysed related gene polymorphisms by PCR‐RFLP. XRCC1, ROS, NADPH and folic acid levels were found to be statistically higher in patients than controls. XRCC1, MnSOD and GPX activities were increased. We observed higher levels of 8‐OHdG in patients with MnSOD and XRCC1 mutant genotypes and higher XRCC1 levels in patients with NOX p22 fox mutant genotypes rather than controls. We suggest that routinely clinical validation of major oxidative stress‐related biomarkers will be a good approach to manage detrimental effects of PD.
Notch‐1 signaling promotes reattachment of suspended cancer cells by cdc42‐dependent microtentacles formation
Authors: Li Ping , Chen Yu , Peng Yueting , Zhang Yixi , Zhou Hanying , Chen Xiangyan , Li Tingting , Li Shun , Yang Hong , Wu Chunhui , Zheng Chuan , Zhu Jie , You Fengming , Li Li , Qin Xiang , Liu Yiyao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are associated with a higher risk of metastasis in tumor patients. The adhesion and arrest of CTCs at a secondary site is an essential prerequisite for the occurrence of tumor metastasis. CTC reattachment has shown to be dependent on microtentacle (McTN) formation in vivo. However, the specific molecular mechanism of McTN formation in suspended cancer cells remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the activation of Notch‐1 signaling triggers McTN formation to facilitate cell reattachment in suspended cell culture conditions. Moreover, molecular mechanistic studies revealed that McTN formation is governed by the balance between microtubule‐driven outgrowth and actomyosin‐driven cell contractility. The activation of Notch‐1 downregulates the acetylation level of microtubules via the Cdc42/HDAC6 pathway, which contributes to microtubule polymerization. Simultaneously, Notch‐1 signaling‐induced Cdc42 activation also reduced phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain, leading to cell contractility attenuation. Altogether, these results defined a novel mechanism by which Notch‐1 signaling disturbs the balance between the expansion of microtubules and contraction of the cortical actin, which promotes McTN formation and cell reattachment. Our findings provide a new perspective on the effective therapeutic target to prevent CTC reattachment.
Recent progress in materials development and biological properties of GTR membranes for periodontal regeneration
Authors: Ul Hassan Sadaf , Bilal Bushra , Nazir Muhammad Shahid , Naqvi Syed Ali Raza , Ali Zufiqar , Nadeem Sohail , Muhammad Nawshad , Palvasha Bushra Anees , Mohyuddin Aysha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChronic periodontal is a very common infection that instigates the destruction of oral tissue, and for its treatment, it is necessary to minimize the infection and the defects regeneration. Periodontium consists of four types of tissues: (a) cementum, (b) periodontal ligament, (c) gingiva, and 4) alveolar bone. In separated cavities, regenerative process also allows various cell proliferations. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a potential procedure that favors periodontal regrowth; however, some limitations (such as ineffective hemostatic property, poor mechanical property, and improper biodegradation) are also associated with it. This review mainly emphasizes on the following areas: (a) a summarized overview of the periodontium and its immunological situations, (b) recently utilized treatments for regeneration of distinctive periodontal tissues; (c) an overview of GTR membranes available commercially, and the latest developments on the characterization and processing of GTR membrane material; and 4) the function of the different non‐polymeric/polymeric materials, which are acting as drug carriers, antibacterial agents, nanoparticles, and periodontal barrier membranes to prevent periodontal inflammation and to improve the strength of the GTR membrane.
Intravenous immunoglobulin and the current risk of moderate and severe anaphylactic events, a cohort study
Authors: Martinez Carlos , Wallenhorst Christopher , van Nunen Sheryl 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This large cohort study from the US Premier Healthcare Database evaluated the risk and predictors of anaphylaxis in association with intravenous immunoglobulin (IvIg) therapy in the inpatient and outpatient setting. Data were collected retrospectively (January 2009–December 2018) from 24 919 patients administered IgPro10 IvIg, median age 54 years. Immunoglobulins of interest were IgPro10 and other IvIg given before or after IgPro10. Moderate and severe anaphylaxis was identified from same-day parenteral epinephrine and IvIg use and reviews of patient record summaries. Predictors for first anaphylactic reactions associated with IvIg administration were derived from adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) using Poisson regression. Moderate anaphylaxis in IvIg use was rare and severe anaphylaxis very rare based on a total of 124 moderate and four non-fatal severe first anaphylactic events, incidence rate of 7.11 and 0.23/10 000 IvIg administrations, respectively. Age under 18 years was an independent predictor of moderate or severe anaphylactic events [adjusted incidence rate ratio = 2.94, 0.95 confidence interval = 1.91–4.52] compared with those aged 18 years and older. First IvIg administration was a strong predictor of anaphylaxis. The IRR in those with a subsequent IvIg administration in the preceding 42 days decreased to 0.27 (0.17–0.42) and in those effectively IvIg-naive (no IvIg for &gt; 42 days) to 0.76 (0.44–1.32) compared with first IvIg use. The key conclusions from this study are that the risk of anaphylaxis has progressively reduced over the last decade, from 14.87 of 10 000 in 2009–10 to 4.39 of 10 000 IvIg administrations in 2017–18 and is rare overall, and that the risk of anaphylaxis is increased in those aged under 18 years.
More than an academic exercise: Structuring international partnerships to build research and professional capacity for conservation impact
Authors: Johnson Arlyne , Saypanya Santi , Hansel Troy , Rao Madhu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPartnerships between researchers and conservation practitioners are essential for gathering the information needed to diagnose conservation problems and to determine what actions are most likely to be effective to achieve desired conservation outcomes. In developing countries where conservation capacity is limited, it is critical that partnerships between international and local research and practitioner communities also strengthen local capacity to lead in the conservation of their own regions. To achieve this means avoiding the pitfalls of “parachute science,” a phenomenon where foreign researchers engage in a project in a developing country without appropriately integrating or acknowledging local researchers and without investing in the professional capacity of a country's individuals or institutions. Using the authors' experience, we describe four approaches used to structure international research partnerships with conservation and academic institutions in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, where government policies oblige foreign researchers to partner with national institutions and students. We describe the impact of these partnerships on strengthening national capacity for conservation science and practice over time.
Applying remotely sensed habitat descriptors to assist reintroduction programs: A case study in the hazel dormouse
Authors: Cartledge Emma L. , Baker Melanie , White Ian , Powell Andrea , Gregory Ben , Varley Martin , Hurst Jane L. , Stockley Paula 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor reintroduction programs to succeed, it is vital to identify suitable release sites. This is especially true for low dispersing habitat specialists, which are at particular risk from habitat fragmentation. The habitat specialist Muscardinus avellanarius (hazel dormouse) is part of a large‐scale reintroduction program in the UK. The program began in 1993 and has so far had varying levels of long‐term success across 24 sites. Although the causes of population persistence at reintroduction sites are not well understood, continued habitat suitability is hypothesized to play an important role. Here, we establish broad‐scale habitat descriptors associated with the current distribution of natural hazel dormouse populations in England, using ecological niche factor analysis and remotely sensed, open‐source maps. We also apply generalized linear mixed effects models to long‐term monitoring data for reintroduced hazel dormouse populations, revealing that broad‐scale habitat factors strongly influence the number of animals present in nest boxes. To aid conservation practitioners in future site selection, we illustrate the practical application of habitat suitability mapping to help prioritize the most appropriate woodlands for future hazel dormouse reintroductions, using the county of Cheshire as an example. Although demonstrated here for the hazel dormouse, this approach to reintroduction site selection could be beneficial to a broad range of species.