bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health interventions for persons living with HIV in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Nakimuli‐Mpungu Etheldreda , Musisi Seggane , Smith Colin M , Von Isenburg Megan , Akimana Benedict , Shakarishvili Ani , Nachega Jean B , Mills Edward J , Chibanda Dixon , Ribeiro Marcelo , V Williams Anna , Joska John A 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionAddressing the intersection between mental health and HIV is critical for the wellbeing of persons living with HIV (PLWH). This systematic review synthesized the literature on mental health interventions for PLWH in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) to determine intervention components and explore their relationship with intervention effectiveness.MethodsWe included only controlled clinical trials of interventions aiming to improve the mental health of PLWH. We conducted a search in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and EMBASE for eligible studies describing the evaluation of interventions for mental health problems among PLWH in LMICs published through August 2020. Two reviewers independently screened references in two successive stages of title/abstract screening and then full‐text screening for references meeting title/abstract criteria.ResultsWe identified a total of 30 eligible articles representing 6477 PLWH who were assigned to either the intervention arm (n = 3182) or control arm (n = 3346). The mental health interventions evaluated were psychological (n = 17, 56.67%), pharmacological (n = 6, 20.00%), combined psychological and pharmacological (n = 1, 3.33%) and complementary/alternative treatments (n = 6, 20.00%). The mental health problems targeted were depression (n = 22, 73.33 %), multiple psychological symptoms (n = 1, 3.33%), alcohol and substance use problems (n = 4, 13.33%), post‐traumatic stress disorder (n = 1, 3.33%) and HIV‐related neuro‐cognitive impairment (n = 2, 6.67%). Studies of interventions with significant effects had significantly a higher number of active ingredients than those without significant effects [3.41 (2.24) vs. 1.84 (1.46) Mean (SD)] [Mean difference = −1.56, 95% CI = −3.03 to −0.09, p = 0.037].ConclusionsThere continue to be advances in mental health interventions for PLWH with mental illness in LMICs. However, more research is needed to elucidate how intervention components lead to intervention effectiveness. We recommend scale up of culturally appropriate interventions that have been successfully evaluated in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Atrial fibrillation in the elderly population: Challenges and management considerations
Authors: Salih Mohammed , Abdel‐Hafez Osama , Ibrahim Ramzi , Nair Rajiv 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImportanceAtrial fibrillation is the most clinically significant arrhythmia in humans when viewed both from a global and also a national perspective. In the United States, approximately 2.7‐6.1 million people are estimated to have atrial fibrillation. With the aging of the population, this prevalence is on an increasing trend and remains an obstacle to cardiovascular health despite significant advancements specific to cardiovascular disease management.ObservationIn this specific group of patients, healthcare utilization is a concern from the public health perspective. Unfortunately, misconceptions dominate clinical decision making; for instance, the avoidance of safe and effective anticoagulation strategies in patients at the highest risk for embolic strokes continues to be widespread in clinical practice and is often based on a skewed assessment of risk versus benefit. Also, when there are contraindications to standard interventions for atrial fibrillation, a clear and nuanced understanding of second‐ and third‐line interventions with proven benefit is often lacking.Conclusions and RelevanceAn individualized approach should be followed by physicians when managing atrial fibrillation in the elderly patient, taking into consideration the risk of complications, particularly the embolic stroke and the availability of treatment options for stroke prevention whether through pharmacological anticoagulation or left atrial appendage occluding devices. The following review sets out to clarify these issues.
Effects of Cough Suppression Therapy on Voice Disorder Severity
Authors: LaTour Donn , Crawley Brianna , Krishna Priya , Hahn Rachel , Murry Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Objectives//HypothesisTo determine changes in voice severity when treating chronic cough refractory to medical treatment with cough suppression therapy (CST) in patients with chronic cough and voice complaints. Chronic cough has been reported to be refractory to medical treatment and frequently co‐occurs with voice disorders. The possible effects of CST on self‐assessed changes in chronic cough and voice disorders have not been demonstrated.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of the effects of cough suppression therapy (CST) on self‐assessed changes in chronic cough and voice disorder severity in patients with both chronic cough and voice disorders.MethodsForty‐three adult patients with the primary complaint of chronic refractory cough underwent pre‐ and post‐treatment diagnostic examinations, completed pre‐ and post‐treatment Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10) and Cough Severity Index assessments, and were treated by a licensed speech‐language pathologist using CST. Twenty‐seven subjects were assigned to the cough (C) group and 16 to the cough‐voice (CV) group based on the severity of their VHI‐10 scores.ResultsPost‐test analysis showed significant improvement in cough severity for both groups and significant improvement in voice severity for the CV group. The VHI‐10 scores for the C group did not change significantly. The median number of treatment sessions was 3, with a range of 1–13 sessions. Correlation between changes in severity and number of treatment sessions was not found to be significant at the tested level.ConclusionsCST represents a unifying approach for treatment of patients with CRC and comorbid voice disorders. CST offered cross‐over effects to the voice when subjects were treated for their primary complaint of chronic cough. This treatment of the primary complaint improves function in systems that share a common pathway.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2747–2751, 2021
Endoscopic and Computed Tomography Evaluation of Posterior Glottic Closure During Phonation
Authors: Thommen Jan , Gogos Bettina , Héritier Florent , Unteregger Fabian , Lieb Johanna , Storck Claudio 
Published: June 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe anatomy of the posterior glottis, specifically the states of the posterior glottis during phonation, has not been thoroughly explored in laryngology. Conventional wisdom about the posterior glottis indicates that it tends to be completely closed in men but may be open in women. Furthermore, professional singers are expected to have a completely closed posterior glottis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these generalizations are true by comparing rigid videolaryngostroboscopy results with high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction findings.Study DesignProspective study.MethodsOf the 90 volunteers (58 women, 32 men) examined, 48 were female professional singers, 10 were female nonsingers, 22 were male professional singers, and 10 were male nonsingers. Rigid videolaryngostroboscopy as well as HRCT scans were performed during singing at the average singing fundamental frequency. HRCT images of the larynx and air‐column were 3D visualized using the software MIMICS®. The states of the posterior glottis were assessed in both examinations and compared among participants.ResultsThe sensitivity of endoscopy was 67.5%. Complete closure of the posterior glottis was observed in 62.5% men and 52% women (P = .33). Complete closure of the posterior glottis was observed in 35% nonsingers and 61% professional singers (P = .036).ConclusionsThe closure of the posterior glottis seen on videolaryngostroboscopy does not always correlate with actual closure. There seems to be no link between sex and complete closure of the glottis. However, there is strong evidence that posterior glottis closure can be influenced, to some degree, by vocal training.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:124–129, 2022
Bacterioplankton respond with similar transcriptional activity to allochthonous dissolved organic matter in coastal and offshore Lake Michigan
Authors: Chaudhary Adit , Turner Sarah , Poretsky Rachel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLake Michigan is one of the largest lakes in the world and the second largest of the North American Great Lakes by volume. Over the last two decades, the lake has witnessed significant ecological changes due to proliferation of invasive quagga mussels into its deeper offshore regions. The impact of these changes on the labile dissolved organic matter pool available for bacterial consumption and the relative importance of terrestrially derived DOM (t‐DOM) for bacterial metabolism across Lake Michigan in the post‐mussel period is poorly understood. Here, we investigated Lake Michigan bacterial community structure and activity in offshore and coastal regions near the mouth of Kalamazoo River, one of the largest tributaries to southern Lake Michigan. In addition, we evaluated short‐term bacterioplankton response to a pulse of t‐DOM (leaf litter leachate) in shipboard mesocosms set up using nearshore and offshore lake‐water. The bacterial community composition and activity for the natural and t‐DOM enriched samples were characterized using combined metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. We observed four‐fold more transcripts for Cyanobacteria in the offshore bacterial community compared to nearshore, highlighting the importance of Cyanobacterial primary production in supporting microbial food web of the oligotrophic offshore. However, despite this and certain differences in DOM related transporter gene transcripts between the two regions, the nearshore and offshore bacterial communities showed a similar response to t‐DOM, primarily in the form of increased transcriptional activity for aromatic compound metabolism. The use of metagenome assembled genomes identified populations within the Bacteroidetes phylum that play an important role in t‐DOM response.
A wideband liquid antenna with high optical transparency for ultra‐high‐definition television applications
Authors: Phan Duy Tung , Jung Chang Won 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this letter, an optically transparent and wideband liquid antenna for UHD‐TV applications is presented. The proposed antenna utilizes a high concentration of dissolved salts as the conductor inside a hollow L‐shaped clear acrylic component, offering very high optical transparency of more than 87% (@200 ppt) in the visible range. The electrical performance of the antenna is optimized and verified through experiments, showing good agreement between the simulation and the measurement. The results show that the antenna has a wide bandwidth of 390 MHz (410–800 MHz; 64.5%) and high radiation efficiency of up to 72% over the entire bandwidth range for UHD‐TV applications (470–771 MHz; 48.4%). This demonstrates the proposed antenna can be considered as an attractive alternative to conventional external transparent antennas for UHD‐TV applications.
Cystic ovary disease impairs transport speed, smooth muscle contraction, and epithelial ion transport in the bovine oviduct
Authors: Scully Deirdre M. , Campion Deirdre , McCartney Fiona , Dulohery Kate , Reese Sven , Kölle Sabine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCystic ovary disease (COD) is a common cause of bovine infertility but the impact of this disease on the oviduct is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of COD on particle transport speed (PTS), ciliary beat frequency, myosalpinx contraction, and epithelial ion transport. Oviducts were obtained from cows affected by COD and compared with those of healthy, mid‐diestrus cows. PTS and CBF were examined using live‐cell imaging. Smooth muscle contraction and epithelial ion transport were investigated using organ baths and Ussing chambers. Our results showed that muscarinic receptors are involved in cholinergic signaling in the oviduct and that forskolin‐induced cyclic AMP production is involved in active ion transport in the oviductal epithelium. Oviducts from cows with luteal cysts revealed significantly decreased PTS (p = 0.02). Further to that, in the oviducts of COD cows, the cholinergic regulation of smooth muscle contractions and active epithelial ion transport were significantly diminished (p < 0.0001). These results imply that in COD cows, oviductal transport is compromised by decreased fluid flow speed and reduced cholinergic regulation of smooth muscle contraction and ion transport. This knowledge contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of COD supporting the development of novel therapeutic concepts for infertility treatment.
Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 58)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Dunlop Ewan D. , Hohl‐Ebinger Jochen , Yoshita Masahiro , Kopidakis Nikos , Hao Xiaojing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since January 2021 are reviewed.
State‐level social safety nets for families coping with job loss
Authors: Reynolds Megan M. , Fox Ashley M. , Young Yvette 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCritics of the modern American welfare state allege that safety net benefits discourage work by providing sufficient resources to replace earned income. Yet, research in social policy has long depicted the US safety net as parsimonious and inadequate relative to its European counterparts, even when considering benefits from programs that reward favorable work histories. Other theories predict variability across states and regional clustering even amid low overall spending. Moreover, the recent COVID‐19 outbreak has exposed the insufficiency and lack of resilience of the major US safety nets in the face of unprecedented unemployment. This study examines the benefit expenditures on three safety net programs available to American families with recently unemployed breadwinners—Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, and Unemployment Insurance—as a proportion of median annual income for a given state‐year between 1997 and 2017. We examine the overall spending as well as variability and clustering across states. We find that the average benefit expenditure comprises only 42% of median income, and while there is substantial variability around this average, only one state is above 78%. We also find that spending levels appear to be regionally clustered. We conclude that safety nets for the recently unemployed and their families are weak relative to earned income and that the extent of this weakness varies by state, with some regional patterning.
Inflammation, a Common Mechanism in Frailty and COVID-19, and Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Becerra José , Duran Ivan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As our life expectancy increases, specific medical conditions appear, and new challenges are met in terms of global health. Frailty has become a medical and scientific concept to define pathologies where inflammation, depressed immune system, cellular senescence, and molecular aging converge. But more importantly, frailty is the ultimate cause of death that limits our life span and deteriorates health in an increasing proportion of the world population. The difficulty of tackling this problem is the combination of factors that influence frailty appearance, such as stem cells exhaustion, inflammation, loss of regeneration capability, and impaired immunomodulation. To date, multiple research fields have found mechanisms participating in this health condition, but to make progress, science will need to investigate frailty with an interdisciplinary approach. This article summarizes the current efforts to understand frailty from their processes mediated by inflammation, aging, and stem cells to provide a new perspective that unifies the efforts in producing advanced therapies against medical conditions in the context of frailty. We believe this approach against frailty is particularly relevant to COVID-19, since people in a state of frailty die more frequently due to the hyperinflammatory process associated with this infection.
Facial Discoid Dermatosis: A Cosmetically Disfiguring and Challenging Condition to Treat
Authors: Rahmatulla S. , Batta K. , Tatnall F. , Sandhu D. , Brown V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Facial discoid dermatosis (FDD) is a recently described condition comprising discrete facial papulo-squamous lesions. We report three cases that clinically and histologically resemble FDD and demonstrate its resistance to treatment. Awareness of this new clinical entity will allow early diagnosis and the ability to make patients aware that there is unlikely to be a successful treatment. However, our study suggests that although FDD can persist for many years, it appears to remain stable.
How has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Eczema Self-Management and Help Seeking? A Qualitative Interview Study with Young People and Parents/Carers of Children with Eczema
Authors: Steele M. , Howells L. , Santer M. , Sivyer K. , Lawton S. , Roberts A. , Teasdale E. , Muller I. , Greenwell K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Eczema can have a considerable impact on quality of life. Treatments can improve this, but management is complex. Barriers to eczema self-management may be impacted upon by environmental context, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives
To explore experiences of eczema, self-management, and accessing healthcare and advice during the COVID-19 pandemic among young people with eczema and parents/carers of children with eczema.

Methods
Qualitative semi-structured interviews were carried out with 36 participants recruited from general practices as part of randomised controlled trials of online eczema resources.

Results
Changes to everyday life—Periods of staying at home due to the pandemic alter the burden of eczema, with reports of an improved routine and application of topical treatments for many, but difficulties with handwashing for others. Parents/carers reported improved eczema control due to closures of educational settings. Young people reported higher stress that may have triggered eczema flare-ups. Changes to access to advice and treatment—There was a reluctance to seek medical appointments in a non-emergency situation. Participants reported a lack of trust in the outcome of telephone consultations because health professionals were unable to see or feel the skin. Delays or difficulties when obtaining appointments and treatments caused frustration. Access to an online eczema resource was reported to have extra value in the context of the pandemic.

Conclusion
Changes to lifestyle and access to healthcare during the pandemic have affected eczema and self-management. Healthcare settings may want to consider providing extra reassurance around remote consultations.
Synergizing model‐based systems engineering, modularity, and software container concepts to manage obsolescence
Authors: Morgan Markeeva , Holzer Thomas , Eveleigh Timothy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCosts to replace obsolete parts are estimated to exceed $10 billion annually for military expenditures.1 Other industries experience high costs related to obsolete parts as well.2–5 Synergies between Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and modular design concepts should be leveraged to reduce those costs early in the design process. To date, obsolescence management, MBSE, and modularity have been studied, advanced, and presented in a mostly disjunct manner. Consequently, work to synergize these areas specifically to mitigate obsolescence impacts is lacking. The research presented herein illuminates that the untapped synergy at the nexus of obsolescence management, MBSE, and modular design can be leveraged to enhance strategic management of obsolescence. Borrowing from the modular software engineering “container” concept6, the MBSE container modeling approach presented provides systems engineers, architects, and designers with a novel method to influence the system design by minimizing the number of system modules affected by obsolescence. By applying this model‐based strategic obsolescence management approach early in the system architecting and design stages, system engineering teams can reduce the associated complexity, lifecycle costs, and risk of obsolete parts replacement.
Character Strengths Interventions in Education Systems
Authors: Coppley Jillian , Niemiec Ryan M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCharacter strengths interventions constitute a diverse and highly promising subset of strategies and programs within the larger field of positive education. The diversity in this developing subgroup can be distinguished along a number of variables; however, central to effective and sustained intervention is the commitment to a systems approach to implementation. Through the practiced-based evidence of exemplars around the world, an emerging model for a systems approach to character strengths program implementation is being reified. Character strengths implementations grounded in systems change express a unique opportunity in that character strengths are simultaneously the content of the intervention and an effective process element for a systems approach to change.
Engaging Education: The Foundation for Wellbeing and Academic Achievement
Authors: Ledertoug Mette Marie , Paarup Nanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn a world of educational crisis, students who lack engagement and feel bored at school might not pursue further education when given opportunities to leave school. In the twenty-first century, there is a need for lifelong learners and it is therefore essential to focus on optimising education. How do we support deep learning and application of knowledge? How do we support student motivation for learning? How do we engage students in learning activities? How do we make students thrive in schools and learning activities? This chapter offers possible answers to these questions. The chapter starts by introducing important elements of learning and a framework for optimising education and engaging the students. Next, the PERMA model for optimising wellbeing for students is presented, and finally the two frameworks are combined to create thriving learners by focusing on active, involving, and engaging learning in combination with a focus on wellbeing.
Approaches to Positive Education
Authors: Green Suzy , Leach Clive , Falecki Daniela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the ongoing growth and development of positive education globally, there is increased interest and uptake in schools. Yet while there is considerable activity, there is little strategic orientation, with schools utilising a multitude of approaches, often with no overarching framework. There has also been a lack of guidance and implementation recommendations by key bodies, and a dearth of literature identifying and reviewing common approaches to the implementation of positive education, resulting in information overload and lack of clarity that may undermine the application and practice of positive education. This chapter first argues for the strategic integration of approaches and the need for cross-disciplinary collaboration. Second, we overview some of the current approaches to positive education, with a particular focus on social and emotional learning, character education, growth mindset, resilience and mental toughness, and coaching. Third, we provide a case study to highlight how the successful integration of these approaches can be implemented. Finally, practical recommendations are provided to inform the strategic implementation of positive education.