bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fargesin ameliorates osteoarthritis via macrophage reprogramming by downregulating MAPK and NF-κB pathways
Authors: Lu Jiansen , Zhang Hongbo , Pan Jianying , Hu Zhiqiang , Liu Liangliang , Liu Yanli , Yu Xiao , Bai Xiaochun , Cai Daozhang , Zhang Haiyan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the role and regulatory mechanisms of fargesin, one of the main components of Magnolia fargesii, in macrophage reprogramming and crosstalk across cartilage and synovium during osteoarthritis (OA) development.Methods: 10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomized assigned to vehicle, collagenase-induced OA (CIOA) or CIOA with intra-articular fargesin treatment groups. Articular cartilage degeneration was evaluated using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score. Immunostaining and western blot analyses were conducted to detect relative protein. Raw264.7 cells were treated with LPS or IL-4 to investigate the role of polarized macrophages. ADTC5 cells were treated with IL-1β and the cultured medium is collected to investigate the crosstalk between chondrocytes and macrophages.Results: Fargesin attenuated articular cartilage degeneration and synovitis, resulting in substantially lower Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) and synovitis scores. In particular, significantly increased M2 polarization and decreased M1 polarization in synovial macrophages were found in fargesin-treated CIOA mice compared to controls. This was accompanied by down-regulation of IL-6 and IL-1β and upregulation of IL-10 in serum. Although conditioned medium (CM) from the M1 macrophage treated with fargesin reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13, RUNX2, type X collagen and increased Col2a1 and SOX9 in OA chondrocytes, but fargesin alone could not affect chondrocyte catabolic processes. Moreover, fargesin exerted protective effects by suppressing p38/ERK MAPK and p65/NF-κB signaling. Conclusions: This study showed that fargesin switched the polarized phenotypes of macrophages from M1 to M2 subtypes and prevented cartilage degeneration partially by down-regulating p38/ERK MAPK and p65/NF-κB signaling. Targeting macrophage reprogramming or blocking the crosstalk between macrophages and chondrocytes in early OA may be an effective preventive strategy.
Designing health headquarter workers general competency model for the national level: A multiple qualitative study
Authors: Fattahi Hamed , Gorji Hasan Abolghasem , Bayat Mahboubeh , Fattahi Arash , Seproo Faezeh Ghasemi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAn effective health headquarter worker has behaviors, knowledge, skills, and motivations which are behavioral, technical, and motivational prerequisites for successful performance in a job. This study aims to identify the general competencies of health headquarters workers to meet the needs of the health system.MethodsWe used multiple qualitative methods to facilitate a consensus-building process on developing core competencies. First, we used systematic review and meta-synthesis to identify the dimensions and components of core competencies. Using a critical case sampling, we interviewed twenty-six participants and analyzed the information with thematic content analysis. In the third phase, we divided the health headquarters workers into three levels. Then, to present the initial model of competencies, the Mini Delphi method was used. Finally, in the fourth phase, to reach a consensus on the importance of each competency and determine the level of competencies required for each level of health headquarters workers, three-step Delphi method was used, and we presented the final model.ResultsWe presented a competency model for three levels of health headquarters workers. The main competencies are (1) leadership and management (12 components), (2) analysis, interpretation, and reporting (6 components), (3) interpersonal relationships (4 components), (4) individual competencies (7 components), (5) cultural and community competencies (5 components), (6), and administrative competencies (4 components). All competencies are needed for the third level of health headquarters workers. In general, second and third levels of health headquarters workers need high and middle level of required competencies that mean these workers' levels should have all competencies before using them in top of national health organizations. ConclusionThe competencies were extracted due to the levels of health headquarters workers, as well as the level of competencies required by each group of experts, could act as a guide for policy-makers and managers related to human health resources in the health sector, and help them adopt appropriate strategies to employ and train health headquarters workers.
Health seeking behavior of Japanese retirees in Thailand: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Miyashita Yumiko , Akaleephan Chutima , Vedrasco Liviu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite widespread cross-border migration of retirees, little is known about their healthcare seeking behavior in a destination country. This study explores factors related to the use of health services in Thailand by Japanese long-stay retirees.Methods: A survey of Japanese long-stay retirees aged 50 and older was conducted in cooperation with nine Japanese self-help clubs in Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, and Phuket. The dependent variable was receiving medical treatment in Thailand in the previous 12 months. People who did not receive treatment in Thailand were divided into two groups; those who had treatment only in Japan and those who did not have treatment anywhere. Independent variables included i) predisposing factors: age, sex, years lived in Thailand, ii) enabling factors: marital status, adjusted annual household income, and iii) need factors: existence of chronic diseases and health related quality of life. Results: Of 226 eligible participants, 106 (47%) received medical treatment in Thailand, 41 (18%) received treatment only in Japan, and 79 (35%) did not receive treatment in any country in the previous 12 months. Multivariate analysis identified that Japanese retirees who stayed in Thailand for less than five years were less likely to receive treatment in Thailand. Retirees who had no chronic diseases and did not return to Japan tended to not receive treatment anywhere while those who were covered by Japan’s national health insurance and stayed in Thailand for shorter periods in the past 12 months were more likely to receive treatment only in Japan. Conclusion: The Thai government’s retirement tourism promotion policy should encourage sharing of transparent medical quality and pricing information by medical facilities to facilitate access among foreign retirees, especially of relative newcomers to reliable medical facilities and promote the trust in Thai medical services. As this study indicates medical cost and health insurance coverage is an important factor of one’s cross-border health seeking behavior, further studies are required to evaluate the impact of the 2017 and 2019 government policy on mandatory health insurance for retirees on their health seeking behaviors.
Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in sewage treatment plants in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Rahimi Fateh , Katouli Mohammad , Pourshafie Mohammad R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains have been commonly found in hospitals and communities causing wide ranges of infections among humans and animals. Typing of these strains is a key factor to reveal their clonal dissemination in different regions. We investigated the prevalence and dissemination of different clonal groups of S. aureus with resistance phenotype to multiple antibiotics in two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Tehran, Iran over four sampling occasions. A total of 576 S. aureus were isolated from the inlet, sludge and outlet. Of these, 80 were identified as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and were further characterized using a combination of Phene Plate (PhP) typing, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), ccr types, prophage and antibiotic-resistant profiling. In all, eight common type (CT) and 13 single PhP type were identified in both STPs, with one major CT accounting for 38.8% of the MRSA strains. These strains belonged to three prophage patterns and five prophage types with SCCmec type III being the predominant type. Resistance to 11 out of the 17 antibiotics tested was significantly (P &lt; 0.0059) higher among the MRSA isolates than methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains. The persistence of the strains in samples collected from the outlet of both STPs was 31.9% for MRSA and 23.1% for MSSA. These data indicated that while the sewage treatment process, in general, is still useful for removing most MRSA populations, some strains with SCCmec type III may have a better ability to survive the STP process.
Application of response surface methodology for uranium(VI) adsorption using hydroxyapatite prepared from eggshells waste material: study of influencing factors and mechanism
Authors: Ouassel Safir , Chegrouche Salah , Nibou Djamel , Melikchi Redouane , Aknoun Abderahmane , Mellah Abdelhamid 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized from biowaste hen eggshells by wet precipitation method in which calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid were used as precursors. The effectiveness of uranium(VI) adsorption onto HAp was investigated by batch adsorption experiments from aqueous solutions. The obtained HAp powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectrometry, point of zero charge and Scanning electron microscope. The factors and levels used during the experiments were pH (2–5), adsorbent mass (0.01–0.05 g), and initial U(VI) concentration (100–310 mg L−1). A Box–Behnken design combined with analysis of variance was used to interpret the main effect influencing the adsorption. The results showed that pH was the most significant parameter affecting U(VI). The kinetic data correlates well with the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir-1 type model with the qmax = 175.22 mg g−1 at 25 °C. The calculated value of the mean free energy indicates the chemisorption process. Under optimal conditions, the uranium effluent derived from the precipitation of ammonium uranyl carbonate removal performance of 98% was achieved. This study proved that HAp prepared from eggshell was an ecofriendly and low-cost adsorbent and was very effective for the adsorption of U(VI) from aqueous solutions.
Unseen: Exploring the Lived Experience of Visually Impaired South Africans
Authors: Bloch Joanne 
Published: January 2021

The liminal space occupied by partially sighted people is little understood and much misrepresented in South African societies. Inter-personally and more broadly, visually impaired South Africans face stigma, discrimination and numerous structural barriers to educational, social and economic opportunities. These challenges remain largely invisible to those who never experience them.
In this paper, I discuss my conversations with four South Africans who, like me, are visually impaired. These conversations form part of my research for Unseen, a project that brings together my interests in life writing and in exploring different aspects of the experience of visual impairment. I weave substantial extracts from our dialogues together with my own insights so as to give a sense of the texture of participants’ reported understanding, ideas, feelings, and sensorial adaptations, and also to investigate the multiple and overlapping influences of class, race, gender, age, community, sexual orientation and family on each individual’s subjective experience.
Antifungal Activity of Bacterial Isolates from Straw Mushroom Cultivation Medium against Phytopathogenic Fungi
Authors: Masrukhin Masrukhin , Putri Ade Lia , Sulistiyani Tri Ratna , Ilyas Muhammad , Purwaningsih Ismu , Saskiawan Iwan , Niam Muhammad Yusrun 
Published: January 2021

Several bacteria were isolated from straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) cultivation medium. There are three potential isolates previously characterized and has growth inhibition effect against V. volvacea. This screening result lead to the further study about the inhibition activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The aim of this research is to investigate the antifungal activity of three bacterial isolates against three phytopathogenic fungi and identification of the bacteria. The method used in this study are antifungal assay using co-culture method and disk difussion assay using the filtrate of each bacteria. The profile of antifungal compound was identified using ethyl acetate extract followed by evaporation and gas chromatography (GC-MS) analysis. Identification of each isolates was performed using 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing. Three phytopathogenic fungi i.e Cercospora lactucae (InaCC F168), Colletotrichum gloeosporides (InaCC F304) and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (F817) were co-cultured with bacterial isolates C2.2, C3.8, and D3.3. The C3.8 isolate has highest average inhibition activity either using isolate and filtrate. The result relatively consistent against three phytopathogenic fungi. The metabolite profile of C3.8 isolate showed the Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as the main compound with 97% similarity. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has potential effect as antibacterial and antifungal compound. According to EzBioCloud and GeneBank databases, the C2.2 isolate identified as Bacillus tequilensis, C3.8 as Bacillus siamensis and D3.3 as Bacillus subtilis subsp. Subtilis. This study also shows the potential of Bacillus siamensis C3.8 as biocontrol against phytopathogenic fungi.
Os desafios da formação inicial de estudantes indígenas brasileiros em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Melo Elisangela , Bacury Gerson Ribeiro , Mapiama Mario Peres , Fontes Plínio Ortiz , Karajá Railton Ixynoa 
Published: January 2021

Em tempos atuais, a calamidade pela qual passa a humanidade em meio à pandemia causada pelo vírus Covid-19 acarretou o isolamento social, impactando principalmente a área da Educação, por meio da suspensão das atividades disciplinares presenciais nas escolas e universidades brasileiras. Surgiram então alguns obstáculos, como as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos estudantes quanto ao acesso à estrutura mínima para a participação nas aulas por meio das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação. É nesse contexto que o presente estudo se pauta para refletir sobre como os indígenas do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) e do curso de Licenciatura em Formação de Professores Indígenas da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) vêm desenvolvendo suas atividades acadêmicas e de pesquisa em tempos obscuros. Nesse sentido, tomamos como ponto de partida a seguinte indagação: Qual o impacto da pandemia causada pelo Covid-19 no processo de formação inicial dos estudantes indígenas em cursos de Licenciatura Intercultural e em Matemática nos estados do Amazonas e do Tocantins? Para tanto, objetivamos conhecer os modos de estudo e de pesquisa dos estudantes indígenas em cursos de Licenciatura intercultural e em Matemática em meio à suspensão das aulas presenciais. O estudo possui abordagem qualitativa pautada na pesquisa etnográfica, para o qual foram recolhidas e analisadas narrativas de formação dos partícipes da pesquisa – estudantes indígenas do povo Xambioá/TO/Brasil, Kokama/AM/Brasil e Baniwa/AM/Brasil, via Diagnóstico Sociocultural de Futuros Professores Indígenas de Matemática. Nossas considerações reflexivas destacam que, mesmo vivendo em distintos lugares com distintas culturas e visão holística de mundo próprias, esses povos indígenas apresentam uma unidade quanto à força e à vontade de conquistar seu espaço e buscar uma formação pautada na postura crítica, investigativa e reflexiva, mesmo diante das situações adversas nas quais vivem em tempos não só de obscurantismo das políticas públicas, mas, sobretudo provenientes da pandemia.
Palavras-chave: Covid-19. Formação de Professores Indígenas. Educação Matemática.
The Impact of the PCAOB Triennial Inspection Process on Inspection Year and Non-Inspection Year Audits
Authors: Abbott Lawrence J. , Buslepp William L. 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) inspects auditors with fewer than 100 publicly held clients, once every three years (i.e., triennial inspection). In doing so, the PCAOB may inspect any audit engagement within the three-year window, including audits completed only months earlier (“inspection year” audits) and audits with at least a one-year, if not two-year lag (“non-inspection year” audits). We theorize the triennial inspection process affects audit quality levels, whereby auditors impose higher (lower) audit quality during inspection years (non-inspection years). We find clients of triennially inspected auditors have significantly lower levels of accruals during inspection years. Further, this change can be attributed to additional audit effort expended during inspection years. Finally, we find some evidence this is a learned behavior developed after the initial round of inspections. Our evidence suggests auditors opportunistically increase (decrease) audit quality during inspection (non-inspection) years in response to the triennial inspection process.
Data Availability: All data are from publicly available sources.
JEL Classifications: M42.
INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO PStV IN TRANSGENIC PEANUTS CONTAINING cp PStV GENE
Authors: Hapsoro Dwi , Aswidinnoor Hajrial , Suseno Rusmilah , Jumanto Jumanto , Sudarsono Sudarsono 
Published: January 2021

Inheritance of Resistance to PStV in Transgenic Peanuts Containing cp PStV Gene. We have obtained transgenic peanut lines containing coat protein gene of PStV. To get maximal use of the transgenic character in a breeding program, it is necessary that the transgene is also stably inherited and expressed. This experiment was conducted from June 2002 – January 2005 at Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural University, and Queensland Agricultural Biotechnology Center, The University of Queensland, Australia. The research aimed (1) to test whether PStV cp transgene was functional in progenies derived from crosses between transgenic peaanut plants containing PStV cp gene and non-transgenic ones and (2) to determine pattern of inheritance of resistance to PStV as a result of PStV cp gene action. Several crosses were made between trangenic peanut cv.Gajah resistant to PStV (T4 generation) and non-transgenic peanut line WS susceptible to PStV. The F1 and F2 populations were mechanically inoculated with PStV two weeks after planting. The experiment showed that all plants in the F1 population were less susceptible to PStV, suggesting that the transgene was partially dominant. Phenotipic segregation in F2 population was not Mendelian with the appearance of quick and slow recovery plants and the number of resistant plants being more than expected. However, the proportion of transgenic and non-transgenic plants followed 3:1 ratio, which was Mendelian.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA FREKUENSI KEDATANGAN IMAGO ERIONOTA THRAX PADA BUNGA PISANG DAN KETERJADIAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI PISANG PADA LAHAN SAWAH, TEGALAN DAN PEKARANGAN
Authors: Suharjo Radix , Subandiyah Siti , Martono Edhi 
Published: January 2021

Relationship Between Arrival Frequency of Erionota thrax to the Banana’s Flower and Disease Incidence of Banana Bacterial Wilt in Wet Rice Field, Dry Field and House Yard. This research was conducted in the Sub District of Samigaluh, Kulon Progo and Laboratory of Bacteriology, Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta December 2002 to June 2003. The aim of this research was to investigate relationship between arrival frequency of Erionota thrax to the banana’s flower and disease incidence of Banana Bacterial Wilt in the three diffrent land uses (wet rice field, dry field and house yard). A survey method was done in this research. Stratified purpossive sampling was performed to collect the data. Strata used were wet rice field, dry field and house yard. Observation of the arrival frequency of E. thrax was done to the flowering banana. Data that collected in this study were disease incidence of Banana Bacterial Wilt and arrival frequency of E. thrax to the banana’s flower. The data was analized with Correlation test using SPSS 11.5 for windows with 5% of significant level. The results showed that the arrival frequency of imago E. thrax to the banana’s flower per one flowering seasons (5 days) were 17.65 imago (wet rice field), 15,65 imago (dry field) and 11 imago (house yard). Meanwhile, the disease insidence of Banana Bacterial wilt in the three different land uses were 5.41% (wet rice field), 3.81% (dry field) and 7.10% (house yard). Correlation analysis showed that there was no relationship between arrival frequency of E. thrax to the banana’s flower and the disease insidence of Banana Bacterial Wilt in the three different land uses. Its means that the arrival frequency of E. thrax to the banana’s flower did not influence the disease incidence of banana bacterial wilt in those areas.
KESESUAIAN DAN PREFERENSI LIRIOMYZA HUIDOBRENSIS (BLANCHARD) (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) PADA BERBAGAI TUMBUHAN INANG
Authors: Purnomo Purnomo , Rauf Aunu , Sosromarsono Soemartono , Santoso Teguh 
Published: January 2021

Host suitability and the preference of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on different host plants. Potato leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis has become a major pest on highland vegetables since its invasion in Indonesia in 1994. The objectives of this research was to elucidate the level of suitability and the preference of L. huidobrensis on different host plant species. Research was conducted in Insect Ecology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture-IPB. The result of laboratory experiments indicated that host plants showing the highest level of suitability (based on the intrinsic rate of increase, r) were potato (Solanum tuberosum), chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis), kacang endul (P. vulgaris), and snap bean (P. vulgaris). Low host suitability were found on cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tomato ( S. lycopersicum), wild radish (Nasturtium indicum) and a non-crop vegetation, galinggang (Galinsoga parviflora). There was consistency between suitability and host preference. The first four host plants mentioned above were preferred for feeding and laying eggs.
KERAGAMAN DAN KEMELIMPAHAN COLLEMBOLA SERTA ARTHROPODA TANAH DI LAHAN SAWAH ORGANIK DAN KONVENSIONAL PADA MASA BERA
Authors: Indriyati Indriyati , Wibowo Lestari 
Published: January 2021

The diversity and abundance of Collembola and soil arthropods in organic and conventional lowland field at fallow time. As ecosystem components, Collembola and arthropods are important in keeping the ecosystem stability. Beside its role as the decomposer, Collembola also takes part as the alternative food for arthropod predators. This research was aimed to gather information on the diversity and abundance of Collembola and arthropods in organic and conventional lowland field at fallow time. The sampling was done using pitfall trap and Berlese funnel. The results showed that: (1) the abundance of Collembola in organic lowland field was higher than that of in the conventional lowland field but the diversity of Collembola in the organic lowland field was not different from that of in the conventional field; (2) Entomobryidae was the family with the highest abundance; and (3) the diversity and abundance of soil arthropods were relatively greater in organic lowland field than that of in the conventional lowland.