bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Six Versus 12 Weeks of Outpatient Physical Therapy Including Progressive Resistance Training in Cognitively Intact Older Adults After Hip Fracture: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Overgaard Jan A , Kallemose Thomas , Mangione Kathleen K , Kristensen Morten T 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecovery of function and regaining muscle strength are challenging after hip fracture. We compared the effectiveness of a 12- versus 6-week outpatient physical therapy program with progressive resistive training (PRT) to increase strength and physical performance.MethodsThis parallel, superiority, 2-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in 4 clinics that enrolled community-dwelling, cognitively intact older adults (+60 years) with a surgical repair of a hip fracture and no major medical conditions. Participants received 12 or 6 weeks of PRT and standardized physical therapy, twice weekly. Pain was monitored throughout. Primary outcome was the change in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) from baseline to 12-week follow-up. Randomization via a computer-generated allocation sequence was implemented using sealed, sequentially numbered opaque envelopes and assessors were blinded to group assignment.ResultsParticipants (81% women) with a mean (SD) age of 77 (8.1) years were enrolled at an average of 18 days after hip fracture surgery and randomized into a 12-week group (n = 50) or a 6-week group (n = 50). Mean (SD) change scores in the 6MWT were 143.8 (81.1) and 161.5 (84.1) m in the 12- and 6-week groups, respectively (both exceeding the minimal clinically important difference of 55 m). The mean between-group difference was −17.7 m (95% CI −50.1, 14.8). Pain during training did not exceed moderate levels nor increase as training intensity increased.ConclusionTwelve weeks of physical therapy with PRT was not superior to 6 weeks in improving walking distance. Hip fracture-related pain was relatively low and indicated strength testing and training was well tolerated.Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT01174589
Takes Two to Tango: Cognitive Impairment and Sexual Activity in Older Individuals and Dyads
Authors: Waite Linda J , Iveniuk James , Kotwal Ashwin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This article examines the association between cognitive impairment, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia (ED), and sexual activity in a large, longitudinal sample of community-dwelling older adults. We focus here on sexual activity, which includes both sexual activity with a partner and masturbation.

Methods
We analyzed 3,777 older individuals and members of 955 intimate dyads using the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (2010 and 2015). We used ordered probit regression, cross-lagged panels models, and probit regression.

Results
We find that older adults with cognitive limitations, either MCI or ED, are about as likely to be sexually active with a partner as those with normal cognitive function. This is the case both in the cross-section and longitudinally. Both men and women with ED are less likely to have masturbated, however. Among married and cohabiting couples, we find no association between cognitive impairment in either the husband, the wife, or in both partners and their joint sexual activity. Women whose measured cognitive function is lower than their husbands are less likely to report any masturbation.

Discussion
Sex with a partner, a fundamentally social activity, seems to be conserved in the face of cognitive limitation but masturbation, a solitary activity, does not. We argue that the intimate dyad plays an important role in conserving partnered sexual activity. Results can inform strategies to maintain the sexual well-being of older adults with cognitive impairment and their partners as part of overall strategies to improve quality of life.
Seismological observations on the 2019 March 21 accidental explosion at Xiangshui chemical plant in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Song Yishan , Zhao Lian-Feng , Xie Xiao-Bi , Ma Xiao , Du Guilin , Tian Xiaofeng , Yao Zhen-Xing 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARY
On 2019 March 21, an explosion accidentally occurred at a chemical plant in Xiangshui, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China. Using broad-band digital seismic data from East China, South Korea and Japan, we investigate properties of the Xiangshui explosion as well as two nearby chemical explosions and four nearby natural earthquakes in Jiangsu Province, East China. From Lg and Rayleigh waves recorded by regional networks, both body wave magnitude mb (Lg) and surface wave magnitude Ms (Rayleigh) are calculated for these events. The magnitudes of the Xiangshui explosion are mb (Lg) = 3.39 ± 0.24 and Ms = 1.95 ± 0.27, respectively. Both the empirical magnitude–yield relation for buried explosion and empirical yield–crater dimension relation for open-pit explosion are adopted for investigating the explosive yield. The result from the yield–crater dimension relation is approximately 492 ton, which is consistent with the ground truth and considerably larger than that from the buried source model. This also reveals that, for Xiangshui explosion, the explosion to seismic energy conversion rate is approximately one-third compared to a similar sized fully confined explosion. By comparing the body wave and surface wave magnitudes from explosions and nearby earthquakes, we find that the mb:Ms discriminant calculated at regional distances cannot properly distinguish explosions from natural earthquakes. However, the P/S spectral ratios Pg/Lg, Pn/Lg and Pn/Sn from the same data set can be good discriminants for identifying explosions from earthquakes.
Increasing frequency of OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales worldwide and activity of ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam and comparators against these isolates
Authors: Castanheira Mariana , Doyle Timothy B , Collingsworth Timothy D , Sader Helio S , Mendes Rodrigo E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the increase in the rates of OXA-48-like-producing isolates during 3 years of global surveillance.

Methods
Among 55?&gt;162 Enterobacterales isolates, 354 carbapenem-resistant isolates carried genes encoding OXA-48-like enzymes. Isolates were susceptibility tested for ceftazidime/avibactam and comparators by broth microdilution methods. Analysis of β-lactam resistance mechanisms and MLST was performed in silico using WGS data.

Results
OXA-48-like-producing isolates increased from 0.5% (94/18 656) in 2016 to 0.9% (169/18?&gt;808) in 2018. OXA-48 was the most common variant; isolates primarily were Klebsiella pneumoniae (318/354 isolates) from Europe and adjacent countries. MLST analysis revealed a diversity of STs, but K. pneumoniae belonging to ST395, ST23 and ST11 were observed most frequently. Thirty-nine isolates harboured MBLs and were resistant to most agents tested. The presence of blaCTX-M-15 (258 isolates), OmpK35 nonsense mutations (232) and OmpK36 alterations (316) was common among OXA-48 producers. Ceftazidime, cefepime and aztreonam susceptibility rates, when applying CLSI breakpoints, were 12%–15% lower for isolates carrying ESBLs alone and with either or both OmpK35 stop codons and OmpK36 alterations. Meropenem and, remarkably, meropenem/vaborbactam were affected by specific OmpK36 alterations when a deleterious mutation also was observed in OmpK35. These mechanisms caused a decrease of 12%–42% in the susceptibility rates for meropenem and meropenem/vaborbactam. Ceftazidime/avibactam susceptibility rates were &gt;98.9%, regardless of the presence of additional β-lactam resistance mechanisms.

Conclusions
Guidelines for the treatment of infections caused by OXA-48-producing isolates are scarce and, as the dissemination of these isolates continues, studies are needed to help physicians understand treatment options for these infections.
Clinical pharmacokinetics and dose recommendations for posaconazole gastroresistant tablets in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Bentley Siân , Davies Jane C , Gastine Silke , Donovan Jackie , Standing Joseph F 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the population pharmacokinetics of posaconazole gastroresistant tablets in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and perform simulations to recommend optimal doses.

Patients and methods
Children from a paediatric CF centre who had received posaconazole tablets and underwent therapeutic drug monitoring were identified from pharmacy records. Relevant clinical data were collated from case notes and electronic patient records and used to develop an allometrically scaled population pharmacokinetic model. A stepwise covariate model-building exercise evaluated the influence of interacting medicines and liver function.

Results
One hundred posaconazole serum concentrations were collected from 37 children with a median age of 14 years (range 7–17). Posaconazole pharmacokinetics were adequately described by a one-compartment model with inter-individual variability on clearance. Dose simulations demonstrated a 77%–83% probability of attaining a trough target of 1 mg/L with a dose of 300 mg every 12 h for two doses then 300 mg once daily (OD) in children aged 6–11 years; and 86%–88% with a dose of 400 mg every 12 h for two doses then 400 mg OD in adolescents aged 12–17 years. This dose scheme also yielded a 90% probability of achieving an AUC of 30 mg·h/L. AUC and trough concentration were highly correlated (r2 = 0.98). Simulations showed that trough concentrations of &gt;0.75 mg/L would exceed an AUC of 30 mg·h/L in 90% of patients.

Conclusions
A starting dose of 300 mg OD in those aged 6–11 years and 400 mg OD in those aged 12–17 years (following loading doses) yields a 90% probability of attaining an AUC of 30 mg·h/L.
Identification of the Phytoconstituents in Methanolic Extract of Adhatoda Vasica L. Leaves by GC-MS Analysis and Its Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Ali Abuzer , Khan Nausheen , Qadir Abdul , Warsi Musarrat Husain , Ali Amena , Tahir Abu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Adhatoda vasica L. is a medicinal plant, known as Malabar nut in English, belonging to the family Acanthaceae. It has been used traditionally to treat respiratory disorders like severe coughs, colds, chronic bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, and other illnesses. The multifunctional range of bioactives found in it has piqued the interest of pharmaceutical companies, who are looking for more evidence-based ways to develop new formulations.

Objective
To analyse the A. vasica leaves by GC-MS technique and evaluation of its antioxidant activity.

Method
Methanolic extract of A. vasica L. (MEAV) leaves was analyzed by GC-MS for identification and characterization of its bioactives and traditional therapeutic claims. A widely anticipated 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was used to determine the antioxidant activity of MEAV.

Results
The major compounds revealed in MEAV leaves are: 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine (3.06%); 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (5.35%); 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (16.82%); 2-butylphenol (6.85%); 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-on (2.5%); 2(OR 3)–(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methoxyphenol (3.52%); megastigmatrienone 3 (1.02%); tetradecanoic acid (1.52%); vomifoliol (0.58%); oxalic acid, cyclobutylhexyl ester (6.03%); hexadecanoic acid (6.06%); 4-ethyl-2-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[B]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (10.08%); phytol (2.01%); and vitamin E (3.18%). A significant reduction in free radicals against DPPH was observed, which revealed the antioxidant potential of MEAV.

Conclusion
MEAV consists of both polar and nonpolar components. GC-MS analysis was used to identify these compounds. The current work validates that the antioxidant activity of MEAV is attributed to the presence of compounds such as vitamin E and terpenes.

Highlights
This work validates the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of A. vasica attributed to the presence of compounds like vitamin E and terpenes.
OsbZIP62/OsFD7, a functional ortholog of FLOWERING LOCUS D, regulates floral transition and panicle development in rice
Authors: Kaur Amarjot , Nijhawan Aashima , Yadav Mahesh , Khurana Jitendra P 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We have characterized a rice bZIP protein-coding gene OsbZIP62/OsFD7 that is expressed preferentially in the shoot apical meristem and during early panicle developmental stages in comparison with other OsFD genes characterized to date. Surprisingly, unlike OsFD1, OsFD7 interacts directly and more efficiently with OsFTLs; the interaction is strongest with OsFTL1 followed by Hd3a and RFT1, as confirmed by fluorescence lifetime imaging-Förster resonant energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) analysis. In addition, OsFD7 is phosphorylated at its C-terminal end by OsCDPK41 and OsCDPK49 in vitro, and this phosphorylated moiety is recognized by OsGF14 proteins. OsFD7 RNAi transgenics were late flowering; the transcript levels of some floral meristem identity genes (e.g. OsMADS14, OsMADS15, and OsMADS18) were also down-regulated. RNAi lines also exhibited dense panicle morphology with an increase in the number of primary and secondary branches resulting in longer panicles and more seeds, probably due to down-regulation of SEPALLATA family genes. In comparison with other FD-like proteins previously characterized in rice, it appears that OsFD7 may have undergone diversification during evolution, resulting in the acquisition of newer functions and thus playing a dual role in floral transition and panicle development in rice.
The nature of the extreme X-ray variability in the NLS1 1H 0707-495
Authors: Parker M L , Alston W N , Härer L , Igo Z , Joyce A , Buisson D J K , Chainakun P , Fabian A C , Jiang J , Kosec P , Matzeu G A , Pinto C , Xu Y , Zaidouni F 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We examine archival XMM-Newton data on the extremely variable narrow-line Seyfert 1 active galactic nucleus (AGN) 1H 0707-495. We construct fractional excess variance (Fvar) spectra for each epoch, including the recent 2019 observation taken simultaneously with eROSITA. We explore both intrinsic and environmental absorption origins for the variability in different epochs, and examine the effect of the photoionized emission lines from outflowing gas. In particular, we show that the unusual soft variability first detected by eROSITA in 2019 is due to a combination of an obscuration event and strong suppression of the variance at 1 keV by photoionized emission, which makes the variance below 1 keV appear more extreme. We also examine the variability on long time-scales, between observations, and find that it is well described by a combination of intrinsic variability and absorption variability. We suggest that the typical extreme high frequency variability, which 1H 0707-495 is known for, is intrinsic to the source, but the large amplitude, low frequency variability that causes prolonged low-flux intervals is likely dominated by variable low-ionization, low-velocity absorption.
On the capture of small stony asteroids into the Earth's orbit by atmospheric grazing
Authors: Geng Shujuan , Zhou Binghong , Li Mingtao 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTAn Earth-grazing asteroid can be captured into a gravitational bound orbit around the Earth during its transitory atmospheric journey. Otherwise, it will either escape back to space or plunge to the Earth directly. With fragmentation taken into account, we subdivide the captured and direct impact modes, expanding the above three modes into five – escaping, captured impact with and without fragmentation, and direct impact with and without fragmentation. We then investigate the conditions of those various impact modes of shallow-angle impacts of small stony asteroids no larger than 100 m in diameter. Moreover, the atmospheric entry processes of captured stony asteroids are further studied. Results show that asteroids with larger diameters are easier to fragment for less deceleration due to the smaller area-to-mass ratio, narrowing the corridor for capture. A captured asteroid can enter the atmosphere many times, highlighting itself by a series of explosive phenomena due to the shock wave it produced during every passage. The number of revolutions before its final entry increases as the theoretical perigee altitude rises. The multi-entry phenomenon of captured impact reduces the velocity and mass of the impactor and raises the possibility of an intact landing of the object via atmospheric dissipation. The time and space intervals between each entry make it difficult to identify whether the scattered impacts come from one captured impact event or just a series of different fireballs. The long path before its final hit also increases the difficulty of predicting the exact airburst position or landing site.
TIAMMAt: Leveraging Biodiversity to Revise Protein Domain Models, Evidence from Innate Immunity
Authors: Tassia Michael G , David Kyle T , Townsend James P , Halanych Kenneth M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSequence annotation is fundamental for studying the evolution of protein families, particularly when working with nonmodel species. Given the rapid, ever-increasing number of species receiving high-quality genome sequencing, accurate domain modeling that is representative of species diversity is crucial for understanding protein family sequence evolution and their inferred function(s). Here, we describe a bioinformatic tool called Taxon-Informed Adjustment of Markov Model Attributes (TIAMMAt) which revises domain profile hidden Markov models (HMMs) by incorporating homologous domain sequences from underrepresented and nonmodel species. Using innate immunity pathways as a case study, we show that revising profile HMM parameters to directly account for variation in homologs among underrepresented species provides valuable insight into the evolution of protein families. Following adjustment by TIAMMAt, domain profile HMMs exhibit changes in their per-site amino acid state emission probabilities and insertion/deletion probabilities while maintaining the overall structure of the consensus sequence. Our results show that domain revision can heavily impact evolutionary interpretations for some families (i.e., NLR’s NACHT domain), whereas impact on other domains (e.g., rel homology domain and interferon regulatory factor domains) is minimal due to high levels of sequence conservation across the sampled phylogenetic depth (i.e., Metazoa). Importantly, TIAMMAt revises target domain models to reflect homologous sequence variation using the taxonomic distribution under consideration by the user. TIAMMAt’s flexibility to revise any subset of the Pfam database using a user-defined taxonomic pool will make it a valuable tool for future protein evolution studies, particularly when incorporating (or focusing) on nonmodel species.
Case Studies in Pediatric Music Therapy During COVID-19
Authors: Goicoechea Tom , Lahue Katie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic changed the lives of very nearly every person in the world. For the music therapy profession and those populations that can benefit from its application, the ramifications are no less palpable, though they have been changing on a day-today basis. During the initial phase of the pandemic, the expressive therapy team, including the music therapists at Primary Children’s Hospital in Salt Lake City, was directed to work remotely using virtual platforms to facilitate services. Several studies conducted both prior to the pandemic and since its arrival in the United States demonstrate the delivery of expressive therapies via remote, web-based platforms. However, there is a general lack of literature on the subject. This article brings forward 3 case examples in order to illustrate the methods of achieving goals and objectives in distanced music therapy: a 5-year-old girl needing a heart transplant, an 11-year-old girl requiring tri-weekly hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease, and 2 brothers whose sister died of rhabdomyosarcoma and who was treated at Primary Children’s Hospital. These case stories offer perspective on both the challenges and positive responses that occurred throughout the process, with a focus on the adaptation to virtual music therapy services during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Stability of Varenicline Concentration in Saliva Over 21 Days at Three Storage Temperatures
Authors: Novalen Maria , Chenoweth Meghan J , Zhao Bin , Hawk Larry W , Tyndale Rachel F 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Varenicline is the most efficacious drug for smoking cessation; saliva varenicline concentrations can be useful for the evaluation of adherence in smoking cessation trials. Saliva is a useful noninvasive matrix for mail-in specimen collection, if stable. We investigated the stability of varenicline in saliva at different storage temperatures simulating the time it takes to mail in a sample.

Methods
We evaluated the concentrations of varenicline, nicotine, cotinine, 3′-hydroxycotinine, and 3′-hydroxycotinine/cotinine (3HC/COT) ratio in quality control saliva samples (and after repeated freezing and thawing), and in smokers’ saliva samples, stored for up to 21 days at room temperature (~25°C), 4°C, and −80°C.

Results
In saliva quality control samples, concentrations of varenicline, nicotine, cotinine, 3′-hydroxycotinine, and 3HC/COT remained unchanged and showed little within-sample variation (CV ≤ 5.5%) for up to 21 days at the three storage temperatures; they were also not altered after three thaw-freeze cycles. In smokers’ saliva, a significant main effect of storage duration, but not temperature, was observed for varenicline, cotinine, and 3′-hydroxycotinine, but not for nicotine or the 3HC/COT ratio. However, these changes were within analytical (i.e., equipment) variation resulting in little within-sample variation (CV ≤ 5.8%) for all analytes in smokers’ saliva.

Conclusions
Varenicline, the other analytes, and the 3HC/COT ratio remained stable in saliva during storage for 21 days at all temperatures tested and after repeated freezing and thawing with only minor changes in concentration over time. These findings support the potential use of mail-in approach for saliva samples in varenicline smoking cessation clinical trials.

Implications
Assessing saliva varenicline concentrations can be useful for the evaluation of adherence in smoking cessation trials. Saliva is a noninvasive matrix suitable for mail-in specimen collection. This is the first investigation of stability of varenicline in saliva. Varenicline, nicotine, cotinine, 3′-hydroxycotinine, and 3HC/COT were stable in saliva for up to 21 days at room temperature (~25°C), 4°C, and −80°C, supporting the use of a mail-in approach for saliva specimen in smoking cessation trials.