bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanomaterials‐Mediated Structural and Physiological Modulation of Blood Brain Barrier for Therapeutic Purposes
Authors: Ghouri Muhammad Daniyal , Saleem Jabran , Ren Jiayu , Liu Jiaming , Umer Arsalan , Cai Rong , Chen Chunying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBlood brain barrier (BBB) protects homeostasis and sensitive environment of brain from several toxic substances coming from the systemic circulation. This barrier along with those substances also prevents therapeutic chemicals to reach brain tissues for several brain diseases. BBB consists of a number of cell types and junctions that help maintain its intricate structure and physiology. To open BBB for therapeutic purposes, researchers are keen to explore the use of nanomaterials as therapeutic agents. Nanomaterials have unique physio‐chemical properties such as, increased surface area to mass ratio, superior adsorption capacity, and a wide variety of functionalization possibilities in contrast to bulk materials, making them sought‐after for research pertaining to brain delivery of therapeutic substances. Both organic and inorganic nanomaterials have been researched in this regard with numerous interesting functionalizations, and their toxicity and distribution profiles have been well assessed. Different pathways taken up by nanomaterials to cross BBB like adsorptive‐mediated transcytosis, inhibition of active efflux pumps, receptor‐mediated transport, and cell‐mediated endocytosis have also been investigated. This review summarizes the structural and physiological properties and the modulation techniques of BBB for delivery of adsorbed/functionalized nano delivery platforms and imaging nanomaterials across.
Depleted Sb2S3 Thin Film Photoconductive Detectors with Fast Response Speed and High Polarization Sensitivity
Authors: Jia Yi , Deng Hui , Lin Xiao , Chen Shenzhong , Xia Yong , Wu Zhixu , Yu Jinling , Cheng Shuying , Lai Yunfeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAntimony sulfide (Sb2S3) with high absorption coefficient reveals great potential for photodetectors (PDs) in various fields of military and national economy. A new type of depleted Sb2S3 thin film photoconductive detector by using titanium dioxide (TiO2) interlayer with the structure of Au/(glass/TiO2:)Sb2S3/Au is designed. Compared with normal Au/Sb2S3/Au devices, the depleted Sb2S3 PDs obtain a higher switching ratio of 90, greatly enhancing responsivity and specific detectivity. Owing to the electric field of the depletion region, the response time significantly decreases from 23.2 to 0.6 ms. In addition, the anisotropic Sb2S3 film with [120] dominated horizontal orientation is suitable for polarized light detection. The peak‐to‐valley ratio of the depleted Sb2S3 PD reaches 1.3 at polarized light. The results and methods of this study are expected to expand the application of PDs based on Sb2S3 films.
Lead‐free Double Perovskite Cs2AgIn0.9Bi0.1Cl6 Quantum Dots for White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Zehao , Yu Wenjin , He Yong , Chen Zhijian , Xiao Lixin , Shi Jun‐jie , Guo Xuan , Wang Shufeng , Qu Bo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPerovskite‐based optoelectronic devices have attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent device performances and facile solution processing. However, the toxicity and intrinsic instability of lead‐based perovskites have limited their commercial development. Moreover, the provision of an efficient white emission from a single perovskite layer is challenging. Here, novel electrically excited white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) based on lead‐free double perovskite Cs2AgIn0.9Bi0.1Cl6 quantum dots (QDs) without any phosphor are fabricated for the first time. Density functional theory calculations are carried out to clarify the mechanism of absorption and recombination in Cs2AgIn0.9Bi0.1Cl6 with Bi‐doping breaking the parity‐forbidden transition of the direct bandgap. Microzone optical and electronic characterizations reveal that the broadband emission of Cs2AgIn0.9Bi0.1Cl6 QDs originates from self‐trapped excitons, and luminescent properties are unchanged after the film deposition. The QD‐WLED exhibits excellent Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage color coordinates, correlated color temperature and relatively high color rendering index of (0.32, 0.32), 6432 K, and 94.5, respectively. The maximum luminance of 158 cd m−2 is achieved by triphenylphosphine oxide passivation, and this lead‐free QD‐WLED exhibits a superior stability in ambient air with a long T50 ≈48.53 min. Therefore, lead‐free perovskite Cs2AgIn0.9Bi0.1Cl6 QDs are promising candidates for use in WLEDs in the future.
Hypoxia adaptation in the cornea: Current animal models and underlying mechanisms
Authors: Pang Kunpeng , Lennikov Anton , Yang Menglu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe cornea is an avascular, transparent tissue that is essential for visual function. Any disturbance to the corneal transparency will result in a severe vision loss. Due to the avascular nature, the cornea acquires most of the oxygen supply directly or indirectly from the atmosphere. Corneal tissue hypoxia has been noticed to influence the structure and function of the cornea for decades. The etiology of hypoxia of the cornea is distinct from the rest of the body, mainly due to the separation of cornea from the atmosphere, such as prolonged contact lens wearing or closed eyes. Corneal hypoxia can also be found in corneal inflammation and injury when a higher oxygen requirement exceeds the oxygen supply. Systemic hypoxic state during lung diseases or high altitude also leads to corneal hypoxia when a second oxygen consumption route from aqueous humor gets blocked. Hypoxia affects the cornea in multiple aspects, including disturbance of the epithelium barrier function, corneal edema due to endothelial dysfunction and metabolism changes in the stroma, and thinning of corneal stroma. Cornea has also evolved mechanisms to adapt to the hypoxic state initiated by the activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). The aim of this review is to introduce the pathology of cornea under hypoxia and the mechanism of hypoxia adaptation, to discuss the current animal models used in this field, and future research directions.
Potentially inappropriate medications at discharge among elderly patients at a single tertiary emergency medical institution in Japan: a retrospective cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Aida Kenta , Azuma Kazunari , Mishima Shiro , Ishii Yuri , Suzuki Shoji , Oda Jun 
Published: November 2021

AimPotentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are associated with a lower medication adherence and a higher incidence of adverse events and medical costs among elderly patients. The current study aimed to examine the prescription status of elderly patients transported to tertiary emergency medical institutions to compare the proportion of elderly patients using PIMs at admission and discharge and to investigate the characteristics of PIMs at discharge and their associated factors.MethodsIn total, 264 patients aged 75 years or older who were transferred to and discharged from the emergency room at Tokyo Medical University Hospital, a tertiary care hospital, from September 2018 to August 2019 were included in this study. We quantified the number of PIMs at admission and discharge based on the Screening Tool of Older Persons’ Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria version 2. The primary outcomes were the proportion of elderly patients taking at least one PIM at admission and discharge.ResultsThe proportions of patients taking PIMs at admission and discharge were 55% (n = 175) and 28% (n = 74), respectively. Old age, greater number of PIMs at admission, and greater number of medications at discharge were directly associated with PIMs at discharge.ConclusionsAdmission to tertiary care hospitals resulted in a lower number of prescribed PIMs. Elderly patients with a higher number of PIMs at admission and higher number of medications at discharge might have been prescribed with PIMs.
Transformation Pathways in Colloidal CdTeSe Magic‐Size Clusters
Authors: Yang Yusha , Li Yang , Luan Chaoran , Rowell Nelson , Wang Shanling , Zhang Chunchun , Huang Wen , Chen Xiaoqin , Yu Kui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA rarely studied transformation in colloidal ternary magic‐size clusters (MSCs) is addressed. We report the first observation of the transformation from ternary CdTeSe MSC‐399 to MSC‐422, which occurs at room temperature. These two MSC types display sharp optical absorption resonances at 399 and 422 nm, respectively, and are related in that they are quasi isomers, together with their counterpart precursor compounds (PCs). Binary CdTe and CdSe samples were prepared in the prenucleation stage also called the induction period (IP). After they were mixed and placed in a mixture of toluene and octylamine, the transformation was found to take place and to be assisted by the addition of the CdSe IP sample. A binary IP sample contains corresponding binary PCs and monomers (Mo) and fragments (Fr). We argue that the transformation pathway is enabled by the corresponding ternary PCs, involving the substitution reaction, namely CdTeSe PC‐399 + CdSe (Mo/Fr)‐1 ⇒ CdTeSe PC‐422 + CdSe (Mo/Fr)‐2. The present study provides an in‐depth understanding of the formation characteristics of the MSCs.
A {Ni12}‐Wheel‐Based Metal–Organic Framework for Coordinative Binding of Sulphur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide
Authors: Han Zongsu , Li Jiangnan , Lu Wanpeng , Wang Kunyu , Chen Yinlin , Zhang Xiaoping , Lin Longfei , Han Xue , Teat Simon J. , Frogley Mark D. , Yang Sihai , Shi Wei , Cheng Peng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAir pollution by SO2 and NO2 has caused significant risks on the environment and human health. Understanding the mechanism of active sites within capture materials is of fundamental importance to the development of new clean‐up technologies. Here we report the crystallographic observation of reversible coordinative binding of SO2 and NO2 on open NiII sites in a metal‐organic framework (NKU‐100) incorporating unprecedented {Ni12}‐wheels; each wheel exhibits six open NiII sites on desolvation. Immobilised gas molecules are further stabilised by cooperative host‐guest interactions comprised of hydrogen bonds, π⋅⋅⋅π interactions and dipole interactions. At 298 K and 1.0 bar, NKU‐100 shows adsorption uptakes of 6.21 and 5.80 mmol g−1 for SO2 and NO2, respectively. Dynamic breakthrough experiments have confirmed the selective retention of SO2 and NO2 at low concentrations under dry conditions. This work will inspire the future design of efficient sorbents for the capture of SO2 and NO2.
Process and performance of palmitic acid @silica phase‐change microcapsules using chemical precipitation method
Authors: Tan Junhua , Zhu Kaijin , Ou Xin , Xu Penghui , Cheng Yuxuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUsing sodium metasilicate as the silicon source and coating palmitic acid (PA), a PA@SiO2 phase‐change microcapsule material (PCMM) was fabricated using a chemical precipitation method. The effects of varying the core–shell mass ratio, the concentration of hydrochloric acid, and the dropping rate of the silicon source on the microstructure and phase transformation behavior of microcapsules were studied. The composition, structure, and thermal properties of the microcapsules were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Results show that PA and SiO2 combined physically and not chemically to produce new substances. When the core‐shell mass ratio of the material was 1:1, the concentration of hydrochloric acid was 0.8 mol/L, and the dropping rate of sodium silicate was controlled at 0.5 ml/min, the PA@SiO2 PCMM prepared under these conditions exhibited good dispersibility. The particle size was approximately 200 nm and showed good uniformity, and the encapsulation ratio (R) and energy storage efficiency (E) both exceeded 80%, indicating that PA was encapsulated by silica to form a phase‐change microcapsule. Furthermore, the thermal stability and cycle durability improved.
Culture optimization to enhance carotenoid production of a selected purple nonsulfur bacterium and its activity against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease‐causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Torpee Salwa , Kantachote Duangporn , Sukhoom Ampaitip , Tantirungkij Manee 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) were investigated for their carotenoid production and anti‐vibrio activity against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)‐causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus. To test carotenoid production, selected strains were cultivated in basic isolation medium (BIM), glutamate acetate medium, G5 medium and artificial acetic acid wastewater (AAW) medium. From 144 PNSB, Rhodopseudomonas palustris KTSSG46 was selected to produce carotenoids under microaerobic light conditions in BIM. When the culture medium was optimized, strain KTSSG46 grown in BIM modified with l‐glutamate at 1 g/L more effectively inhibited AHPND‐causing V. parahaemolyticus strains than standard BIM with 1 g/L (NH4)2SO4. BIM was further modified with 1.23 g/L MgSO4·7H2O and carotenoid production increased 40.22%. Carotenoid production at day 2 by strain KTSSG46 grown in BIM modified with l‐glutamate at 1 and 1.23 g/L MgSO4·7H2O was the same as production in BIM modified with monosodium glutamate (MSG). Culture supernatants from all BIM formulations showed similar activity against the resistant AHPND strain SR2. Based on high‐performance liquid chromatography, carotenoids of strain KTSSG46 might be canthaxanthin. Grown in BIM modified with MSG, strain KTSSG46 could produce inexpensive carotenoids and release anti‐vibrio compounds that, applied as shrimp feed additive, would prevent AHPND strains.
Minichromosome maintenance proteins in eukaryotic chromosome segregation
Authors: Mehta Gunjan , Sanyal Kaustuv , Abhishek Suman , Rajakumara Eerappa , Ghosh Santanu K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMinichromosome maintenance (Mcm) proteins are well‐known for their functions in DNA replication. However, their roles in chromosome segregation are yet to be reviewed in detail. Following the discovery in 1984, a group of Mcm proteins, known as the ARS‐nonspecific group consisting of Mcm13, Mcm16‐19, and Mcm21‐22, were characterized as bonafide kinetochore proteins and were shown to play significant roles in the kinetochore assembly and high‐fidelity chromosome segregation. This review focuses on the structure, function, and evolution of this group of Mcm proteins. Our in silico analysis of the physical interactors of these proteins reveals that they share non‐overlapping functions despite being copurified in biochemically stable complexes. We have discussed the contrasting results reported in the literature and experimental strategies to address them. Taken together, this review focuses on the structure‐function of the ARS‐nonspecific Mcm proteins and their evolutionary flexibility to maintain genome stability in various organisms.
24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Shen Liwei , Yang Xiaoli , Lu Wenmei , Chen Weijie , Ye Xiaofei , Wu Danhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectsAbnormal blood pressure (BP) regulation is a feature of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The present study was to analyze the BP alterations by 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring in PD patients with different disease stages and subtypes.Methods32 consecutive patients PD patients and 43 control patients in our hospital from 2017 to 2020 were included. The circadian BP rhythm was divided into three types according to the 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring. Dipping was defined as an average systolic BP (SBP) reduction during night‐time of 10%–19%. Reverse dipping was defined as an average increase in night‐time SBP values. The differences of the circadian BP rhythm and BP variability (BPV) were analyzed between PD group and the control group, the early PD group and the advanced PD group, as well as the tremor‐dominant group and the nontremor‐dominant group.ResultsThere was statistical difference in circadian BP rhythm between PD group and control group (p < .05). There were statistical differences in circadian BP rhythm between the early PD group and the advanced PD group (p < .05). The mean values of night‐time SBP and diastolic BP (DBP) in the advanced PD group were higher than those in the control group and the early PD group (p < .05). The DBP CV in the advanced PD group was higher than that in the control group and the early PD group (p < .05). There was no significant difference of circadian BP rhythm, mean BP, and BPV between the tremor‐dominant and the nontremor‐dominant PD group after matching the disease duration.ConclusionsReverse dipping was more common in PD patients in this study, especially in the advanced PD patients. 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring is an important method to evaluate the BP alterations in PD patients. Clinicians should be alert to reverse dipping in PD patients and intervene to prevent serious clinical events.
Multifunctional electrospun asymmetric wettable membrane containing black phosphorus/Rg1 for enhancing infected wound healing
Authors: Zhou Liming , Liu Nanbo , Feng Longbao , Zhao Mingyi , Wu Peng , Chai Yunfei , Liu Jian , Zhu Ping , Guo Rui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBacterial infection is one of the most frequent complications in the burn and chronic wounds. Inspired by natural existing superhydrophobic surface structures, a novel asymmetric wettable membrane was prepared using the electrospinning technique for facilitating the bacteria‐infected wound healing. Herein, the prepared membrane consists of two layers: The hydrophobic outer layer was composed of poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) and black phosphorus‐grafted chitosan (HACC‐BP), while the hydrophilic inner layer was composed by using a mixture of gelatin (Gel) with ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1). Biological studies in vitro showed BP@PLGA/Gel (BP@BM) membrane with excellent antibacterial activity could significantly inhibit the adhesion of bacteria, and Rg1 could facilitate the migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Compared to Aquacel Ag dressing, the result in vivo revealed that the Rg1/BP@BM could facilitate better wound healing by triggering phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (P‐PI3K/PI3K) and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (P‐AKT/AKT) signaling pathways, upregulating Ki67, CD31, α‐SMA, and TGF‐β1, and downregulating TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6, promoting M2 polarization (IL‐10, CD206, and Arg‐1) of macrophages, inhibiting M1 polarization (iNOS) of macrophages. These findings suggested that the asymmetric wettable membrane have the huge potential for wound healing.
Development of a Method for Anodic Degradation of Lignin for the Analysis of Paleo‐Vegetation Proxies in Speleothems
Authors: Homann Julia , Zirbes Michael , Arndt‐Engelbart Meiko , Scholz Denis , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Hoffmann Thorsten 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHere we present an electrochemical method for the anodic oxidation and subsequent degradation of lignin in speleothems to utilize the resulting lignin oxidation products (LOPs) as paleo‐vegetation markers. LOPs were analyzed using an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system coupled to a high‐resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). The method presented here achieved comparable or even higher LOP concentrations than established CuO and CuSO4 oxidation methods. The method represents a new tool for the analysis and reconstruction of paleo‐vegetation and has the potential to be applied to other climate archives.
Mild Microfluidic Approaches to Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis
Authors: Zardi Paolo , Carofiglio Tommaso , Maggini Michele 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOxide nanoparticles (oxide NPs) are advanced materials with a wide variety of applications in different fields. The use of continuous flow methods is particularly appealing for their synthesis due to the high control achieved over the reaction conditions and the easy process scalability. The present review focuses on the preparation of oxide NPs using microfluidic setups at low temperature (≤80 °C), since the employment of mild reaction conditions is crucial for developing sustainable and cost‐effective processes. A particular emphasis will be put on the improvement over the final product features (e. g., size, shape, and size distribution) given by flow methods with respect to conventional batch procedures. The main issues that arise by treating NPs suspensions in microfluidic systems are product deposition or channel clogging; mitigation strategies to overcome these drawbacks will also be presented and discussed.
Late‐Stage Functionalization and Characterization of Drugs by High‐Throughput Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Huang Kai‐Hung , Ghosh Jyotirmoy , Xu Shiqing , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLate‐stage functionalization (LSF) of drug molecules is an approach to generate modified molecules that retain functional groups present in the active drugs. Here, we report a study that seeks to characterize the potential value of high‐throughput desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HT DESI‐MS) for small‐scale rapid LSF. In conventional route screening, HT‐based DESI‐MS provides contactless, rapid analysis, reliable and reproducible data, minimal sample requirement, and exceptional tolerance to high salt concentrations. Ezetimibe (E), an established hypertension drug, is targeted for modification by LSF. C−H alkenylation and azo‐click reactions are utilized to explore this approach to synthesis and analytical characterization. The effect of choice of reactant, stoichiometry, catalyst, and solvent are studied for both reactions using high throughput DESI‐MS experiments. Optimum conditions for the formation of LSF products are established with identification by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).
A step‐up dc–dc topology with high gain, continuous input current, and low‐voltage stress on power switch
Authors: Eshtiaghi Payam , Lahooti Eshkevari Alireza , Mosallanejad Ali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a new step‐up dc–dc converter, designed based on a new impedance network. The proposed single‐switch topology provides single‐stage conversion with a high boost factor using a high‐gain impedance source. The power switch is placed on the low‐voltage side of the converter. So it is exposed to low‐voltage stress. Thanks to this feature, the switch selection will be more convenient than before as it can be picked up from low‐voltage rating and low on‐resistance semiconductors. The topology is suitable for connecting to current‐sensitive energy resources due to the continuous input current. It operates with low duty cycles that yield decreasing the conduction losses of the power switch and improving the efficiency. Common ground is another advantage, which means the input and the output ground lines are the same. In this paper, the theory and operating principle of the proposed topology are presented in detail. Also, both simulation and experimental results will be represented to confirm the above claims. In this regard, a simple prototype has been built to evaluate the theoretical aspects. Results validate the topology and its operation.