bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COL12A1 rs970547 Polymorphism Does Not Alter Susceptibility to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lv Zheng-tao , Wang Wei , Zhao Dong-ming , Huang Jun-ming 
Published: August 2021

Objective: Currently available evidence regarding the association between collagen type XII α1 (COL12A1) polymorphism and risk of anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR) remains elusive. The aim of our present study was to assess the association between COL12A1 rs970547 polymorphism and ACLR risk.Methods: Five online databases, namely, PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, CENTRAL, and CNKI, were searched from their inception data up to December 2020 to identify relative observational studies. The methodological quality of each individual study was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The “model-free approach” was employed to estimate the magnitude of effect of COL12A1 rs970547 polymorphism on ACLR, and the association was expressed using odds ratio (OR) and its associated 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Subgroup analysis was performed by ethnicity and sex of included subjects.Results: Eight studies involving 1,477 subjects with ACLR and 100,439 healthy controls were finally included in our study. The methodological quality of included studies was deemed moderate to high based on NOS scores. The “model-free” approach suggested no genotype differences between ACLR and healthy control for the rs970547 polymorphism, but we still used the allele model to present the combined data. Under the random-effect model, there was no significant difference in the frequency of effecting allele between ACLR and control (OR: 0.91, 95% CI 0.77, 1.08; p = 0.28). Stratified analysis by sex and ethnicity also showed no difference in allele frequency.Conclusion: The findings of this current meta-analysis suggested that rs970547 was not associated with ACLR risk in male, female, and the overall population among Asians or Caucasians.
Differences in Pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae Natural Antibody Development in Papua New Guinean Children in the First Year of Life
Authors: Martinovich Kelly M. , Rahman Tasmina , de Gier Camilla , Seppanen Elke J. , Orami Tilda , Granland Caitlyn M. , Francis Jacinta , Yoannes Mition , Corscadden Karli J. , Ford Rebecca , Jacoby Peter , van den Biggelaar Anita H. J. , Bakaletz Lauren O. , Cripps Allan W. , Lehmann Deborah , Richmond Peter C. , Pomat William S. , Kirkham Lea-Ann S. , Thornton Ruth B. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundDevelopment of vaccines to prevent disease and death from Streptococcus pneumoniae, and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), the main pathogens that cause otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis, are a global priority. Children living in low and lower-middle income settings are at the highest risk of contracting and dying from these diseases. Improved vaccines with broader coverage are required. Data on the natural development of antibodies to putative vaccine antigens, especially in high-risk settings, can inform the rational selection of the best antigens for vaccine development.MethodsSerum IgG titres to four pneumococcal proteins (PspA1, PspA2, CbpA, and Ply) and five NTHi antigens (P4, P6, OMP26, rsPilA and ChimV4) were measured in sera collected from 101 Papua New Guinean children at 1, 4, 9, 10, 23 and 24 months of age using multiplexed bead-based immunoassays. Carriage density of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were assessed by quantitative PCR on genomic DNA extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs using species-specific primers and probes. All data were log-transformed for analysis using Student’s unpaired t-tests with geometric mean titre (GMT) or density (GMD) calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsSerum -pneumococcal protein-specific IgG titres followed a “U” shaped pattern, with a decrease in presumably maternally-derived IgG titres between 1 and 4 months of age and returning to similar levels as those measured at 1 month of age by 24 months of age. In contrast, NTHi protein-specific IgG titres steadily increased with age. There was no correlation between antibody titres and carriage density for either pathogen.ConclusionThis longitudinal study indicates that the waning of maternally- derived antibodies that is usually observed in infants, after infants does not occur for NTHi antigens in Papua New Guinean infants. Whether NTHi antigen IgG can be transferred maternally remains to be determined. Vaccines that are designed to specifically increase the presence of protective NTHi antibodies in the first few months of life may be most effective in reducing NTHi disease.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT01619462.
A Clinicopathological Analysis of Melanocytic Nevi: A Retrospective Series
Authors: Liu Panpan , Su Juan , Zheng Xuanwei , Chen Mingliang , Chen Xiang , Li Jie , Peng Cong , Kuang Yehong , Zhu Wu 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Melanocytic nevi are common cutaneous lesions. This study aimed to demonstrate the concordance and discordance between clinical and histopathological diagnoses of melanocytic nevi and the importance of histological evaluation in differentiating malignant lesions from diseases with similar clinical manifestations.Patients and Methods: We studied 4,561 consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of melanocytic nevi from 2014 to 2019. We compared the clinical diagnosis with the histopathological diagnosis to establish a histopathological concordance rate and then investigated the effects of clinical characteristics and the reasons for removal on misclassification.Results: Among 4,561 patients who were clinically diagnosed with melanocytic nevi, the overall histopathological concordance rate was 82.11% (3,745 of 4,561 patients), while the histopathological discordance rate was 17.89% (816 of 4,561 patients). The histopathological concordance included 90.25% common acquired melanocytic nevi (3,380 of 3,745 patients) and 9.75% other benign melanocytic neoplasms (365 of 3,745 patients). The most common diagnostic change was to seborrheic keratosis (n = 470, 10.30%), followed by basal cell carcinoma (n = 64, 1.40%), vascular tumor (n = 53, 1.16%), fibroma (n = 43, 0.94%), epidermoid cyst (n = 34, 0.75%), wart (n = 30, 0.66%), melanoma (n = 24, 0.53%), Bowen's disease (n = 16, 0.35%), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 4, 0.09%), keratoacanthoma (n = 2, 0.04%), and other neoplasms (n = 76, 1.67%). Male sex, old age, location of the lesion, and the reasons for removal have a potential effect on misclassification. The percentages of misclassified lesions on the trunk and limbs and the perineum and buttocks were higher than those in lesions without a change in diagnosis. Importantly, locations of lesions on the head and neck were significantly related to a change in diagnosis to non-melanoma skin cancer, while locations on the hands and feet were significantly related to a change in diagnosis to melanoma. In addition to a typical clinical features, removal due to lesion changes or repeated stimulation was significantly associated with a change in diagnosis to melanoma.Conclusions: Our study emphasizes the clinical differential diagnosis of melanocytic nevi, especially the possibility of malignant tumors. The occurrence of clinical features associated with clinicopathological discordance should raise the clinical suspect and be carefully differentiated from malignant tumors.
Clopidogrel Resistance in Patients With Stroke Recurrence Under Single or Dual Antiplatelet Treatment
Authors: Kang Hyun Goo , Lee Seung Jae , Heo Sung Hyuk , Chang Dae-il , Kim Bum Joon 
Published: August 2021

Background: The factors associated with clopidogrel resistance in patients with stroke recurrence receiving single or dual antiplatelet treatment (SAPT or DAPT) may differ. This study compared the high on-treatment platelet reactivities (HPRs) and the factors associated with clopidogrel resistance in recurrent ischemic stroke patients receiving clopidogrel or aspirin and clopidogrel.Methods: We enrolled and allocated 275 recurrent ischemic stroke patients to the clopidogrel and DAPT groups and compared their demographics, conventional risk factors, and P2Y12 reaction units (PRUs). Clopidogrel resistance was categorized as PRU higher than 275. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the factors underlying clopidogrel resistance during SAPT and DAPT.Results: In total, 145 (52.7%) and 130 (47.3%) patients received clopidogrel and DAPT, respectively at recurrence. The risk factors of the two groups were not significantly different, except that coronary artery disease was more frequent in the DAPT group. The PRU was higher (255 ± 91 vs. 221 ± 84; p = 0.002) and clopidogrel resistance was more frequent (45.5 vs. 31.5%; p = 0.018) in the SAPT than in the DAPT group. Hyperlipidemia was associated with clopidogrel resistance during SAPT, and smoking (Odds ratio = 0.426, 95% confidence interval 0.210–0.861; p = 0.018) had a protective effect against clopidogrel resistance. For those receiving DAPT, old age, female, low hemoglobin A1c level, and high ARU were associated with clopidogrel resistance.Conclusions: HPR and clopidogrel resistance were more frequent in recurrent ischemic stroke patients receiving clopidogrel than in those receiving DAPT. Smoking was independently associated with less clopidogrel resistance among those receiving clopidogrel SAPT but not in those receiving DAPT.
Nanopesticides: A Systematic Review of Their Prospects With Special Reference to Tea Pest Management
Authors: Deka Bhabesh , Babu Azariah , Baruah Chittaranjan , Barthakur Manash 
Published: August 2021

Background: Tea is a natural beverage made from the tender leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis Kuntze). Being of a perennial and monoculture nature in terms of its cultivation system, it provides a stable micro-climate for various insect pests, which cause substantial loss of crop. With the escalating cost of insect pest management and increasing concern about the adverse effects of the pesticide residues in manufactured tea, there is an urgent need to explore other avenues for pest management strategies.Aim: Integrated pest management (IPM) in tea invites an multidisciplinary approach owing to the high pest diversity in the perennial tea plantation system. In this review, we have highlighted current developments of nanotechnology for crop protection and the prospects of nanoparticles (NPs) in plant protection, emphasizing the control of different major pests of tea plantations.Methods: A literature search was performed using the ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Google Scholar search engines with the following terms: nanotechnology, nanopesticides, tea, and insect pest. An article search concentrated on developments after 1988.Results: We have described the impact of various pests in tea production and innovative approaches on the use of various biosynthesized and syntheric nanopesticides against specific insect pest targets. Simultaneously, we have provided support for NP-based technology and their different categories that are currently employed for the management of pests in different agro-ecosystems. Besides the broad categories of active ingredients (AI) of synthetic insecticides, pheromones and natural resource-based molecules have pesticidal activity and can also be used with NPs as a carriers as alternatives to traditional pest control agents. Finally, the merits and demerits of incorporating NP-based nanopesticides are also illustrated.Conclusions: Nanopesticides for plant protection is an emerging research field, and it offers new methods to design active ingredients amid nanoscale dimensions. Nanopesticide-based formulations have a potential and bright future for the development of more effective and safer pesticide/biopesticides.
EGFR DNA Methylation Correlates With EGFR Expression, Immune Cell Infiltration, and Overall Survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Zhanyu , Qin Fanglu , Yuan Liqiang , Wei Jiangbo , Sun Yu , Qin Junqi , Deng Kun , Zheng Tiaozhan , Li Shikang 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a primary target of molecular targeted therapy for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The mechanisms that lead to epigenetic abnormalities of EGFR in LUAD are still unclear. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the abnormal methylation of EGFR CpG sites as potential biomarkers for LUAD.MethodsTo assess the differentially methylation CpG sites of EGFR in LUAD, we used an integrative study of Illumina HumanMethylation450K and RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We evaluated and compared EGFR multiple-omics data to explore the role of CpG sites located in EGFR promoter regions and gene body regions and the association with transcripts, protein expression levels, mutations, and somatic copy number variation. We calculated the correlation coefficients between CpG sites of EGFR and immune infiltration fraction (by MCPcounter and ESTIMATE) and immune-related pathways in LUAD. Finally, we validated the differential methylation of clinically and prognostically relevant CpG sites using quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP).ResultsWe found that the methylation level of many EGFR CpGs in the promoter region was negatively correlated with the transcription level, protein expression, and SCNV, while the methylation at the gene body region was positively correlated with these features. The methylation level of EGFR CpGs in the promoter region was positively correlated with the level of immune infiltration and IFN-γ signature, while the opposite was found for methylation of the gene body region. The qMSP results showed that cg02316066 had a high methylation level, while cg02166842 had a low methylation level in LUAD. There was a high degree of co-methylation between cg02316066 and cg03046247.ConclusionOur data indicate that EGFR is an epigenetic regulator in LUAD acting through DNA methylation. Our research provides a theoretical basis for the further detection of EGFR DNA methylation as a predictive biomarker for LUAD survival and immunotherapy.
Trends in Topical Prescriptional Therapy for Old Patients With Dry Eye Disease in Six Major Areas of China: 2013–2019
Authors: Yu Zhenwei , Wu Xiaoyan , Zhu Jianping , Jin Jiayi , Zhao Yuhua , Yu Lingyan 
Published: August 2021

The prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) in old patients are high, corresponding to a substantial economic burden. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the trends in the topical prescriptional treatment of old patients with DED in six major areas of China. Information on topical drug prescriptions for DED patients aged above 60 years was extracted from the Hospital Prescription Analysis Cooperative Program of China database. Trends in yearly prescriptions and cost were analyzed. The data were further stratified by patient age and sex, drug class, and specific drug. A total of 130,734 prescriptions from 52 hospitals located in six major areas of China were analyzed. The number of prescripptions per year for patients with DED increased from 13,308 in 2013 to 22,074 in 2019, with a corresponding increase in cost of all topical drugs from 1,490,014 Chinese Yuan (CNY) to 2,618,206 CNY. Drugs for the treatment of DED accounted for the largest proportion of the total cost in each year. Ocular lubricants were the main pharmacotherapy agent. Sodium hyaluronate use increased over time, and the drug was used by 65.9% of patients by the end of the study. Pranoprofen was the second most frequently used drug. The most frequently used drugs for co-incident disease were antimicrobials. Treatment patterns for DED haven’t changed, and the most frequently used drug combination was sodium hyaluronate and pranoprofen. In summary, prescription for old patients with DED and the cost of treatment are increasing. Ocular lubricants are the main treatment option, while sodium hyaluronate is the most frequently used drug. The observed trends can lead to more efficient allocation of health care resources in China.
Effect of Virtual Reality on Stress Reduction and Change of Physiological Parameters Including Heart Rate Variability in People With High Stress: An Open Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Kim Hyewon , Kim Dong Jun , Kim Seonwoo , Chung Won Ho , Park Kyung-Ah , Kim James D. K. , Kim Dowan , Kim Min Ji , Kim Kiwon , Jeon Hong Jin 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Although, attempts to apply virtual reality (VR) in mental healthcare are rapidly increasing, it is still unclear whether VR relaxation can reduce stress more than conventional biofeedback.Methods: Participants consisted of 83 healthy adult volunteers with high stress, which was defined as a score of 20 or more on the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). This study used an open, randomized, crossover design with baseline, stress, and relaxation phases. During the stress phase, participants experienced an intentionally generated shaking VR and serial-7 subtraction. For the relaxation phase, participants underwent a randomly assigned relaxation session on day 1 among VR relaxation and biofeedack, and the other type of relaxation session was applied on day 2. We compared the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-X1 (STAI-X1), STAI-X2, the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and physiological parameters including heart rate variability (HRV) indexes in the stress and relaxation phases.Results: A total of 74 participants were included in the analyses. The median age of participants was 39 years, STAI-X1 was 47.27 (SD = 9.92), and NRS was 55.51 (SD = 24.48) at baseline. VR and biofeedback significantly decreased STAI-X1 and NRS from the stress phase to the relaxation phase, while the difference of effect between VR and biofeedback was not significant. However, there was a significant difference in electromyography, LF/HF ratio, LF total, and NN50 between VR relaxation and biofeedback.Conclusion: VR relaxation was effective in reducing subjectively reported stress in individuals with high stress.
Adversity Over the Life Course: A Comparison Between Women and Men Who Died by Suicide
Authors: Séguin Monique , Beauchamp Guy , Notredame Charles-Édouard 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This study sets out to compare the presence of life events across different domains throughout the life course which may contribute to the burden of adversity experienced differently among men and women who died by suicide.Method: In a sample of 303 individuals (213 men and 90 women), data was derived from extensive clinical interviews conducted with informants. Models allowed the identification of patterns of life trajectories.Results: Overall, the burden of adversity was similar across the life course except for the 5–9, 25–29, and 30–34 age ranges, where a significant difference appeared between genders [t-test = 2.13 (p &lt; 0.05), 2.16 (p &lt; 0.05) and 3.08 (p &lt; 0.005), respectively] that seems to disadvantage women. The early adversities of violence and neglect, between 0 and 19 years old, are important for both groups. During the life course, women were more exposed to interpersonal adverse events such as being victims of negligence and violence, relational difficulties or abuse from their spouse, as well as tension with their own children. Men encountered more academic difficulties, legal entanglements and financial difficulties, and were more than three times more likely to develop an alcohol/drug abuse problem than women.Conclusions: The data suggests some gender differences in exposure to longstanding and severe life problems contributing to suicide vulnerability. For women, the continuing burden emerges from chronic interpersonal adversities, whereas, for men, the adverse events are to a larger degree socially exposed, compounded with alcohol misuse. The adversities, especially those of a public or social nature, may be witnessed by others, which should favor the detection of vulnerability over the life course, and psychosocial or mental health services should be offered and provided earlier during the life course. Yet more men die by suicide than women. Resiliency and protective factors may benefit women to a greater degree. Future research should tackle the challenge of investigating these important elements. Meanwhile, from a public health perspective, access to psychosocial and mental health services and social acceptability of seeking services should be part of an ongoing effort in all institutional structures as a way of decreasing downstream mental health problems and vulnerability to suicide.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Carbon Yarn Electrodes for Drug Sensing
Authors: Sriprasertsuk Sutthima , Zhang Shuai , Wallace Gordon , Chen Jun , Varcoe John R. , Crean Carol 
Published: August 2021

A modified carbon fibre yarn sensor was developed for the voltammetric determination of paracetamol and its interferents (dopamine and ascorbic acid). Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was electrochemically deposited onto a carbon fibre yarn. Further modification was achieved using polypyrrole (PPy) coated onto the rGO carbon fibre yarn via electropolymerisation of pyrrole with cyclic voltammetry (CV). The surface of the rGO and PPy-rGO carbon fibre electrodes were characterised using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The rGO and PPy-rGO carbon fibres had a 3.5-fold and 7-fold larger electrochemical surface area compared to bare carbon fibre (calculated using the Randles-Sevcik equation). Two clearly distinguished oxidation peaks at 0.49 and 0.25 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) were observed at the rGO fibre electrode during the simultaneous detection of paracetamol and dopamine, respectively, by CV. The detection limit (3σ S/N) of the rGO carbon fibre electrode for differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) determination of paracetamol was at 21.1 and 6.0 µM for dopamine. In comparison, the simultaneous determination of paracetamol and dopamine by CV at the PPy-rGO fibre electrode gave oxidation peaks of paracetamol and dopamine at 0.55 and 0.25 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), respectively. The detection limit (3σ S/N) for paracetamol was notably improved to 3.7 µM and maintained at 6.0 µM for dopamine at the PPy-rGO carbon fibre electrode during DPV.