bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial monitoring with humanitarian assistance: improving transparency and effectiveness in relief efforts
Authors: Maletova Olha , Utkina Maryna , Sukhonos Volodymyr V. , Ilchenko Oleksandr V. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
This study aims to critically analyse the current state of implementing financial monitoring of humanitarian aid in the context of the challenges of martial law and Ukraine’s European integration aspirations.

Design/methodology/approach
In this article, a comprehensive approach to research methodology is widely used when the methods complement each other, allowing one to consider the investigated processes and phenomena in their unity and diversity.

Findings
This article proves the necessity of applying the latest approaches and adapting the existing financial monitoring mechanisms to wartime challenges. Special attention is focused on digitalisation processes and transparency of financial monitoring of humanitarian aid provided to Ukraine from various sources.

Originality/value
This article critically analyses modern legislative changes, new tools for transparent and effective financial monitoring in martial law conditions and Ukraine’s European integration aspirations.
Theorizing knowledge worker productivity: utilizing a multi-theoretical approach
Authors: Kintu Gerald Joseph 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThe global economy is experiencing an expansion in knowledge-based businesses, which has compelled organizations to search for mechanisms of raising knowledge worker productivity. This study utilizes multiple theories to explain lessons learned from a positive story on how to raise the productivity of knowledge workers.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a qualitative methodology of storytelling, a form of narrative inquiry about a phenomenon. In-depth interviews were carried out with information and communication technology (ICT) workers in Uganda.FindingsFindings reveal that knowledge workers who communicate and mutually support each other are inclined to share knowledge and best practices that promote cost-effective utilization of resources. Additionally, knowledge workers with a behavior oriented toward the continuous exploration of innovative ideas are proactive in creating knowledge on how to render quality services.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was carried out in one country, which may limit generalization of results.Practical implicationsThe study underscores the importance of continuously developing the human capital base and fostering a collaborative environment for knowledge workers. This nurtures the capacity and a shared responsibility to generate innovative ideas directed toward the effective utilization of resources. Moreover, the study advocates for the inclusion of social competencies, such as interpersonal skills, in the selection process of knowledge workers.Originality/valueThis study stands out from the existing literature since it uses a success story to document the real-life experiences of a knowledge worker who had to overcome numerous challenges to raise productivity in knowledge work.
Plant mycorrhizal status indicates partner selectivity in arbuscular mycorrhizal interaction networks
Authors: Koorem Kadri , Sepp Siim‐Kaarel , Bueno C. Guillermo , Davison John , Liu Siqiao , Meng Yiming , Semchenko Marina , Vasar Martti , Zobel Martin , Moora Mari 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Mycorrhizal symbiosis, specifically arbuscular mycorrhiza, is one of Earth's oldest and most widespread symbiosis. Existing evidence suggests that plant species differ in their associations with mycorrhizal partners, with different species reported to be always (obligately mycorrhizal, OM), sometimes (facultatively mycorrhizal, FM) or never (non‐mycorrhizal, NM) associating with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and this plant reliance on AM fungi is called plant mycorrhizal status. However, very little is known about how host plant mycorrhizal status shapes the network topology of interacting AM fungi.

Here, we use a standardized sampling scheme to test whether plant species with different mycorrhizal statuses differ in mean AM fungal hyphal colonization and various indices of the AM fungal networks such as nestedness rank and resource range.

We collected the roots and rhizosphere soil of 19 plant species representing five families. Each plant species was sampled from three distinct habitats. We determined AM fungal colonization in the roots and AM fungal community composition in roots and rhizosphere soil using molecular methods.

We found that previously reported NM plant species had lower mean AM fungal colonization than FM plant species, but no differences were found between FM and OM plant species. Network analyses indicated that AM fungal communities in the roots of FM plant species had higher nestedness rank and resource range than networks associated with OM plant species, suggesting that OM plant species are more generalist regarding partner selection and interact with a wider range of fungal partners.

Our results suggest that plant mycorrhizal status conveys useful information about the characteristics of AM fungal interaction networks, revealing that plant species consistently associated with AM fungi are less selective towards their fungal partners.

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STATE BUILDING IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT: Reflections on Statecraft from the Shanghai Lockdown
Authors: Wang Ying , Wu Fulong , Zhang Fangzhu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe exceptional measures to combat the Covid‐19 pandemic have brought great potential for reconfiguring urban governance. To examine such potential, this article presents how the pandemic crisis was managed in Chinese neighbourhoods. Following a statecraft approach and using Shanghai as a case, we show how a citywide lockdown played out on the ground as a joint product of state apparatus and citizens. Drawing on discourse analysis of interviews, policy documents, and news reports, we probe into Shanghai's contextualized neighbourhood pandemic responses, particularly by emerging neighbourhood voluntary practices in crisis management. We examine how these practices were tactically incorporated into the state's overall responses to the pandemic through co‐production, co‐option and mobilization. Instead of co‐governance, we argue that the grassroots state orchestrates and steers community participation and volunteerism to reinforce grassroots statecraft and consolidate its role in (post‐) pandemic neighbourhood governance. Through exceptional crisis management measures, the state penetrates everyday life. This process has facilitated local state‐building in urban neighbourhoods, thereby manifesting, perpetuating, and expanding state‐centred governance trends that were established well before the onset of Covid.
Effect of the First Laparoscopy in an Adolescent and Young Adult Female Population and Its Association With Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Nguyen Kimberly , Wu Joyce , Mallinder Hayley , Niranjan Madhulikaa Sarjapuram , Gerstl Brigitte , Abbott Jason A. , Deans Rebecca 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundChronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common and debilitating presentation for adolescent and young adult females. Medical management is often utilised as first line therapy with surgical management considered if medical treatment has been unsuccessful. Laparoscopy in this young population remains controversial due to the high recurrence rate of pain, requirement for repeat surgeries and surgical risks. There is a need for prospective, longitudinal studies comparing medical and surgical management to guide management of young patients with CPP.AimsTo determine the effect of the first laparoscopy in an adolescent and young adult female population and assess its association with CPP.Materials and MethodsPatients aged 16–25 will be recruited from the gynaecological service at the study sites. Consented participants will be randomised to the surgical or non‐surgical arms. Those in the surgical arm will have a laparoscopy performed and those in the non‐surgical arm will be medically managed. At recruitment and at 6 weeks, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months follow‐up, patients will complete a number of validated questionnaires assessing pain and quality of life. An amendment was made to methodology to include patients who will choose their management pathway for CPP.ResultsAn independent t‐test or Mann–Whitney U test will be used to compare the questionnaire scores between the surgical and non‐surgical groups. For questionnaire scores at baseline and follow‐up within the same arm, a paired t‐test or Wilcoxon signed‐rank test will be used. A p‐value of < 0.05 will be statistically significant.
CENP‐E haploinsufficiency causes chromosome misalignment and spindle assembly checkpoint activation in the spermatogonia
Authors: Chen Jie , He Jie‐Jie , Wu Shan , Deng Zhao‐Yang , Liu Yu‐Peng , Chen Jian‐Fan , Xu Yue , Fang Han‐Kai , Wei Ya‐Lan , She Zhen‐Yu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe establishment of kinetochore–microtubule attachment is essential for error‐free chromosome alignment and segregation during cell division. Defects in chromosome alignment result in chromosome instability, birth defects, and infertility. Kinesin‐7 CENP‐E mediates kinetochore–microtubule capture, chromosome alignment, and spindle assembly checkpoint in somatic cells, however, mechanisms of CENP‐E in germ cells remain poorly understood.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the functions of CENP‐E in the proliferation and self‐renewal of spermatogonia.Materials and methodsA CENP‐E heterozygous knockout strain was established in C57BL/6J mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/LoxP system. Hematoxylin–eosin staining was performed to study the histology. The inhibition of CENP‐E in the GC‐1 spg cells was performed using the specific inhibitor GSK923295. The expression and localization of spermatogonial marker proteins were determined by immunofluorescence using confocal microscopy in the control and CENP‐E+/− heterozygous mouse testes. The protein expression level was analyzed using Western blot. The cell‐cycle and apoptosis assay were measured using flow cytometry. In addition, karyotype analysis was performed using hypotonic preparation and chromosome spreading.ResultsHere, we reveal that CENP‐E haploinsufficiency results in chromosome misalignment, spindle disorganization, and metaphase arrest in spermatogonia, which leads to the loss of spermatogonia, chromosomal instability, and spermatogenic disorders. Notably, CENP‐E ablation leads to the activation of spindle assembly checkpoint and aneuploidy, which impairs the proliferation and self‐renewal of spermatogonia.Discussion and conclusionCENP‐E depletion disrupts the recruitment of key checkpoint proteins, including BubR1, Bub1, KIF2C, and Aurora B, indicating a causal relationship between chromosome misalignment and spindle assembly checkpoint activation in spermatogonia. Our findings demonstrate that CENP‐E regulates kinetochore–microtubule attachment, chromosome alignment, and spindle assembly checkpoint in spermatogonia.
Maternal postpartum infection risk following induction of labor: A Danish national cohort study
Authors: Hogh‐Poulsen Sidsel , Carlsen Sif Emilie , Bendix Jane M. , Clausen Tine D. , Lokkegaard Ellen C. L. , Axelsson Paul Vignir Bryde 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionInduction of labor is a common procedure, and in Denmark, approximately one in four vaginal deliveries are induced. The association between induction and maternal postpartum infections such as endometritis, surgical site infection after cesarean section, urinary tract infection, and sepsis has been sparsely investigated. Our objective was to investigate the association between induction of labor and risk of maternal postpartum infection and to identify potential risk factors for infection.Material and MethodsIn a nationwide cohort study, all deliveries with live‐born singletons from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2017 (n = 546 864) were included. Deliveries were grouped into categories of spontaneous onset of labor, induction of labor, and elective cesarean section. The primary outcome was any infection within 30 days postpartum based on discharge diagnosis codes and redeemed antibiotic prescriptions for endometritis, surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, and sepsis. Analyses were done using logistic regression.ResultsInfection within 30 days postpartum was found among 8.5% of the women undergoing induction of labor compared to 6.8% of the women with spontaneous onset of labor. In adjusted logistic regression analyses, the risk of postpartum infection was significantly increased after induction of labor compared to spontaneous onset of labor (adjusted ORs [aOR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–1.27). Women with rupture of membranes were not at increased risk of postpartum infection (aOR 1.01; 95%CI 0.94–1.09). The risk of postpartum maternal sepsis was not significantly associated with induction of labor. Antibiotic treatment during pregnancy, pre‐eclampsia, and long education were all associated with increased risk of maternal postpartum infection, while either a low or high body mass index and previous deliveries were associated with decreased risk.ConclusionsInduction of labor was associated with an increased risk of maternal postpartum infection. However, the absolute risk was 1.7% higher for the women with induced labor compared to spontaneous onset of labor, which we believe should not be a cause for concern. Unexpectedly, low and high body mass index was associated with decreased risk of infection, and rupture of membranes was not associated with increased risk after induction of labor, which might reflect actual clinical management.
Respiratory viruses were frequently detected in young children with cystic fibrosis but had limited clinical significance
Authors: Cömert Hatice N. , Sandvik Rikke M. , Ma Chih M. G. , Buchvald Frederik , Schønning Kristian , Skov Marianne , Schmidt Marika N. , Pressler Tacjana , Johansen Helle K. , Nielsen Kim G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimKnowledge about the clinical role that respiratory viruses play in infants and toddlers with cystic fibrosis (CF) remains limited. We determined the prevalence of respiratory viruses in routine respiratory secretion samples in children aged 0–3 years with CF. Associations with bacterial infections, respiratory tract symptoms and lung function were also explored.MethodsThis prospective, longitudinal, single‐centre study added viral polymerase chain reaction detection to the routine monitoring of CF lung disease at Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark, from 1 July 2019 to 31 August 2020. The existing programme included monthly clinical assessments with endo‐laryngeal suction for bacterial culturing and quarterly lung function testing.ResultsWe studied 19 children (11 males) with a median age of 1.8 (range 0.11–2.99) years. Viruses were detected in 86/193 (45%) samples. Rhinoviruses and enteroviruses were the most common (88%), followed by adenoviruses (9%), parainfluenza 1–3 (6%) and the respiratory syncytial virus (5%). A positive association was found between the annual incidence of viruses and bacteria, but there was no correlation with respiratory tract symptoms or lung function.ConclusionsRespiratory viruses were commonly detected in routine respiratory secretion samples. However, the results from this small study did not justify specific conclusions.
Managing Hypoglycaemia in Patients With Insulinoma—A Tertiary Centre Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Howarth Sophie , Ho Tak‐Wai , Wimbury James , Casey Ruth 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe management of hypoglycaemia is pivotal in the care of patients with insulinoma. Blood glucose monitoring and regulation needs careful attention pre‐ and peri‐operatively for patients undergoing surgical resection and as part of the long‐term management for patients with inoperable or metastatic disease. Hypoglycaemia symptoms are frequently pervasive and disabling, with many patients showing impaired hypoglycaemia awareness that can lead to life‐threatening severe hypoglycaemia. Herein, we review the literature and describe our tertiary centre experience in the mutli‐disciplinary management of hypoglycaemia for patients with proven insulinomas. We propose a stepwise algorithm for the management of hypoglycaemia, stratified by localised versus metastatic disease. We discuss our strategy for the nutritional management of hypoglycaemia, reviewing the evidence for the use of cornstarch products and artificial nutrition. We discuss pharmacological management including diazoxide, somatostatin receptor antagonists (SSAs), everolimus and glucocorticoids, in addition to other therapeutic interventions such as peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and endoscopic ablation.
Classification of direct threats to the conservation of ecosystems and species 4.0
Authors: Salafsky Nick , Relton Claire , Young Bruce E. , Lamarre Philippe , Böhm Monika , Chénier Maxime , Cochrane Erica , Dionne Mark , He Kevin K. , Hilton‐Taylor Craig , Latrémouille Charles , Morrison John , Raymond Calla V. , Seddon Mary , Suresh Varsha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIdentifying and assessing the magnitude of direct threats to ecosystems and species are critical steps to prioritizing, planning, implementing, and assessing conservation actions. Just as medical clinicians and researchers need a standard way to talk about human diseases, conservation practitioners and scientists need a common and comprehensive language to talk about the threats they are facing to facilitate joint action, evaluation, and learning. To meet this need, in 2008 the IUCN Species Survival Commission and the Conservation Measures Partnership produced the first version of a common threats classification with the understanding that it would be periodically updated to take into account new information and learning. We present version 4.0 of this classification. For this latest update, we reviewed existing versions and derivatives of the original classification, over 1000 citations of the classification, threats data from over 2900 real‐world conservation projects, and comments from many users. Based on our findings, we made changes to the threats classification scheme, including addition of a level 0 threat class, refinement of levels 1 and 2 threat categories, and addition of the threat “Fencing & walls” to level 2. Also added were level 3 threat types and modifiers that provide a more detailed description of different types of direct threats and thus allow users to fine‐tune analyses and actions. The update also clarifies how to treat various stressors, including natural disaster events and climate change. As a result of these changes, we revised the formal definition of direct threats. They include human actions that are the direct cause of ecosystem or species‐population degradation and loss, such as agriculture, transport, natural resource use, and ecosystem management. They also include ultimate stressors in natural systems whose dynamics have been altered by the effects of current or historical human actions, such as invasive or problematic native species, pollution, natural disasters, and climate change.
Inheritance of Material Wealth in a Natural Population
Authors: Ålund Murielle , McFarlane S. Eryn , Husby Arild , Knape Jonas , Pärt Tomas , Sirkiä Päivi , Weissing Franz J. , Wheatcroft David , Zhu Yishu , Qvarnström Anna 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEvolutionary adaptation occurs when individuals vary in access to fitness‐relevant resources and these differences in ‘material wealth’ are heritable. It is typically assumed that the inheritance of material wealth reflects heritable variation in the phenotypic abilities needed to acquire material wealth. We scrutinise this assumption by investigating additional mechanisms underlying the inheritance of material wealth in collared flycatchers. A genome‐wide association analysis reveals a high genomic heritability (h2 = 0.405 ± 0.08) of access to caterpillar larvae, a fitness‐relevant resource, in the birds' breeding territories. However, we find little evidence for heritable variation in phenotypic abilities needed to acquire this material wealth. Instead, combined evidence from simulations, experimental and long‐term monitoring data indicate that inheritance of material wealth is largely explained by philopatry causing a within‐population genetic structure across a heterogeneous landscape. Therefore, allelic variants associated with high material wealth may spread in the population without having causal connections to traits promoting local adaptation.
Multiple Long‐Term, Landscape‐Scale Data Sets Reveal Intraspecific Spatial Variation in Temporal Trends for Bird Species
Authors: Lindenmayer David , Scheele Ben C. , Bowd Elle , Evans Maldwyn John 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTQuantifying temporal changes in species occurrence has been a key part of ecology since its inception. We quantified multidecadal site occupancy trajectories for 18 bird species in four independent long‐term, large‐scale studies (571 sites, ~1000 km latitude) in Australia. We found evidence of a year × long‐term study interaction in the best‐fitting models for 14 of the 18 species analysed, with differences in the temporal trajectories of the same species in multiple studies consistent with non‐stationarity. Non‐stationarity patterns in occupancy were not related to the distance from a species niche centroid; species in locations further from their niche centroid did not demonstrate differing temporal trajectories to those closer to their niche centroid. Furthermore, temporal trajectories of species were not associated with climatic values for each study relative to their niche. Our findings demonstrate the need for multiple long‐term studies across a species range, especially when tailoring conservation decisions for populations.
Calibrated Ecosystem Models Cannot Predict the Consequences of Conservation Management Decisions
Authors: Lubiana Botelho Larissa , Jeynes‐Smith Cailan , Vollert Sarah A. , Bode Michael 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEcosystem models are often used to predict the consequences of management interventions in applied ecology and conservation. These models are often high‐dimensional and nonlinear, yet limited data are available to calibrate or validate them. Consequently, their utility as decision‐support tools is unclear. In this paper, we calibrate ecosystem models to time series data from 110 different experimental microcosm ecosystems, each containing three to five interacting species. Then, we assess their ability to predict the consequences of management interventions. Our results show that for each time series dataset, multiple divergent parameter sets offer equivalent, good fits. However, these models have poor predictive accuracy when forecasting future dynamics or when predicting how the ecosystem will respond to management intervention. Closer inspection reveals that the models fail because calibration cannot determine the nature of the interspecific interactions. Our findings question whether ecosystem models can support applied ecological decision‐making when calibrated against real‐world datasets.