bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on the Fracture Distribution Characteristics of the Overlying Strata in an Abandoned Gob
Authors: Wang Chenlin , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A lot of gas resources remain in the abandoned gob. The overlying strata of the abandoned gob are the main places for gas storage and flow. The fracture distribution characteristics of the overlying strata have a significant impact on the gas migration. The mining similarity simulation test device of a plane stress was used to study the deformation and failure characteristics of overlying strata in an abandoned gob. The caved strata of the abandoned gob formed a trapezoidal distribution, and the caving range decreased gradually with an increase in distance from the coal seam. The strata collapsed in the caved zone, whereas the strata collapsed mainly on the bending subsidence in fractured zone. The subsidence curves of caved strata showed a lower concave shape, and the maximum subsidence existed in the middle of the abandoned gob. The caved strata subsidence decreased with an increase in distance from the coal seam. The horizontal fractures were dominant in the fractured zone. The abscission rate of the end mining position was greater than that of the start mining position. Large numbers of vertical fractures existed in the caved zone. The development degree of vertical fractures near the end mining position were larger than that of the start mining position, and the width of the gas-conducting fracture was more than three times that of the start mining position. The development degree, quantity and connectivity of the fracture in the end mining position were better than those in the start mining position.
Enhancing In Vitro Multiplication of some Olive Cultivars Using Silver, Selenium And Chitosan Nanoparticles
Authors: Darwesh Osama M. , Hassan Sayed A.M. , Abdallatif Abdou M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Olive trees are commercially propagated by cuttings or grafting on clonal or seedling rootstocks; recently, olive micropropagation has emerged as a powerful technique for mass production of true to type and pathogen free plants. The current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of silver, chitosan and selenium nanoparticles as microbial decontamination agents, as well as evaluate its possible effects on in vitro shoot growth and multiplication of three olive cultivars namely Koroneiki, Picual and Manzanillo. Validation and characterization of the biosynthesized nanoparticles was carried out by Transmission Electron Microscopy. The produced nanoparticles were added to the olive culture medium, and the growth parameters were determined. The tested nanoparticles showed varied degree of antimicrobial activity, silver nanoparticles were highly effective to inhibit in vitro microbial contamination. The effect of genotypes on shoot growth and multiplication was significant; Koroneiki and Picual cultivars showed better growth measurements compared with Manzanillo. The addition of nanoparticles to the culture medium had a significant outcome on growth and multiplication rate of in vitro growing olive shoots. Silver nanoparticles produced higher values of number of shoots, shoots length, leaf number and multiplication rate compared with the other treatments. In conclusion; the current results showed that nanoparticles were efficient as in vitro disinfectant agent and the nanoparticles addition to culture medium especially silver NPs had a positive effect on growth and multiplication rate of in vitro growing olive shoots.
Signal-Processing and Adaptive Prototissue Formation in Metabolic DNA Protocells
Authors: Samanta Avik , Hörner Maximilian , Liu Wei , Weber Wilfried , Walther Andreas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The fundamental life-defining processes in living cells, such as replication, division, adaptation, and tissue formation, take place via intertwined metabolic reaction networks orchestrating downstream signal processing in a confined, crowded environment with high precision. Hence, it is crucial to understand and reenact some of these functions in wholly synthetic cell-like entities (protocells) to envision designing soft-materials with life-like traits. Herein, we report on a programmable all-DNA protocell (PC) composed of a liquid DNA interior and a hydrogel-like shell, harboring DNAzyme active sites in the interior whose catalytic bond-cleaving activity leads to a downstream phenotype change in the protocells, as well as triggers prototissue formation. In this regard, we coupled several tools of DNA nanoscience, such as RNA cleavage, dynamic strand displacement reactions, and multivalent palindromic interactions, in a synchronize pathway so that the input signal can be processed inside the protocells and generate downstream cues giving rise to metabolic adaptive behavior. For example, the compartmentalized DNAzyme catalyzes the bond-cleavage of a substrate that releases a DNA strand in situ to trigger a strand displacement reaction at the shell of the protocells leading to a change in color resembling a “phenotype-like” change in cells, and finally to establish communication with other protocells via multivalent interactions.
Single-photon emission tomography of the lungs in the diagnosis of coagulopathyin patients in the postcovid period
Authors: Zolotnitskaya V. P. , Titova O. N. , Kuzubova N. A. , Litvinov A. P. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 leads to damage and dysfunction of the microvasculature of the lungs. The development of vasculitis, an increase in the permeability of the vessel wall, changes in the vascular-platelet and coagulation hemostasis, lead to the development of thrombosis / thromboembolism and hemorrhages. Single-photon emission tomography of the lungs is optimal for assessing changes in microcirculation in the lungs of patients with COVID-19 infection, since CT angiography can detect these formidable complications only in the large vessels of the lungs.Оbjective оf the work. To assess changes in the microvasculature of the lungs in patients with the development of postcovid syndrome and to assess the possibilities of single photon emission computed tomography in the diagnosis of thromboembolism, thrombosis and hemorrhages.Material and methods. The data of radiological studies performed in 138 patients in the postcovid period were analyzed, directed for examination to assess changes in blood circulation in the lungs and identify complications of the disease (thromboembolism, thrombosis, hemorrhages).Results. In patients who underwent an infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in a mild form, we identified changes in microcirculation most characteristic of manifestations of vasculitis and small local blood flow defects close to a triangular shape (microthrombosis), which correlated with an increase in fibrinogen (4.32 ± 0.21 g/L) (rs = 0.97; p = 0.001). Signs of microthrombosis, pulmonary embolism were detected in 35.9% of moderately severe patients who did not receive anticoagulant therapy or was prescribed it on day 10–12 of illness, and in 67.2% of severe and extremely severe patients who received anticoagulant therapy during the illness. Signs of postthromboembolic changes were detected in 16 patients (59.2%) in the late postcovid period, which correlated to a high degree (rs = 0.81; p = 0.03) with an increase in the level of fibrinogen (4.5 ± 1.9 mg/l).Conclusions. The severity of microcirculation disorders in the lungs depends on the severity of the disease and the timing of the postcovid period. Signs of small branch thromboembolism / thrombosis are detected in the early postcovid period. In patients who have undergone COVID-19 with the development of thrombosis, signs of postponed pulmonary embolism are revealed and zones of local pneumosclerosis are formed.
Hypertonic saline in the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis in Russian Federation
Authors: Kondatyeva E. I. , Sherman V. D. , Shadrina V. V. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Mucolytic therapy is basic in the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Currently, inhalation of hypertonic saline (HS) of NaCl is recommended for the treatment of CF patients.The aim of the study was to investigate the experience of the use of HS NaCl for inhalations CF patients in the Russian Federation.Material and methods. To estimate the use of HS NaCl, data of national registers for 2011–2019 were used. Pharmacoeconomic analysis of “HS 7% NaCl + 0.1% sodium hyaluronate”, presented in the Russian market, carried out according to the cost estimate for the course of therapy based on the cost from the site of the unified information system in the sphere of procurement.Results. From 2011 to 2019, an increase in the number of patients receiving the inhalation of a HS is observed. 2011 –8.7% of patients with CF, by 2019 – in 71.5% of CF patients. In 25 regions of the Russian Federation more than 80% of CF patients used HS NaCl. The cost analysis of Russian-made medicinal products for human use containing 7% HS and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate solution, and foreign-made products of similar composition showed that the annual cost of therapy with Russian-made products was 2.15 times lower than that with the foreign-made products. As for the medicinal product mannitol, the annual cost of therapy with a foreign-made product is 8.1 times higher than the cost of a Russian-made product.Conclusions. The clinical practice of treating patients with CF has accumulated positive use of HS in inhalations, the use of which has increased significantly since 2011. Medical products 3 and 7% HS with a 0.1% solution of sodium hyaluronate are prescribed from the moment of diagnosis and have advantages over the HS pharmacy production over portability and ease of use. The use of the “7% HS with a 0.1% solution of sodium hyaluronate” is mainly determined by the financial accessibility.
Statistical modeling of spatial and temporal vulnerability of groundwater level in the Gaza Strip (Palestine)
Authors: Al-Najjar Hassan , Ceribasi Gokmen , Dogan Emrah , Qahman Khalid , Abualtayef Mazen , Ceyhunlu Ahmet Iyad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The water supply in the Gaza Strip substantially depends on the groundwater resource of the Gaza coastal aquifer. The climate changes and the over-exploiting processes negatively impact the recovery of the groundwater balance. The climate variability is characterized by the decline in the precipitation of −5.2% and an increase in temperature of +1 °C in the timeframe of 2020–2040. The potential evaporation and the sunshine period are expected to increase by about 111 mm and 5 hours, respectively, during the next 20 years. However, the atmosphere is predicted to be drier where the relative humidity will fall by a trend of −8% in 20 years. The groundwater abstraction is predicted to increase by 55% by 2040. The response of the groundwater level to climate change and groundwater pumping was evaluated using a model of a 20-neuron ANN with a performance of the correlation coefficient (r)=0.95–0.99 and the root mean square error (RMSE)=0.09–0.21. Nowadays, the model reveals that the groundwater level ranges between −0.38 and −18.5 m and by 2040 it is expected to reach −1.13 and −28 m below MSL at the northern and southern governorates of the Gaza Strip, respectively.
Ultrafine bubbles as an augmenting agent for ozone-based advanced oxidation
Authors: Temesgen Tatek , Han Mooyoung 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, the influence of nanobubbles (NBs) application in ozone (O3) based advanced oxidation processes (AOP) is investigated. The results demonstrate the potential of NBs application to O3 – based AOP. It was observed that NBs suppress the negative influence of pH and operating temperatures on the efficiency of ozonation. In addition, the application of NBs tends to improve the solubility of O3 and the rate of mass transfer under the influence of a broad range of temperature and pH conditions. The results of this research indicate that application of NBs minimized the reduction in concentration of dissolved O3 with an increase in temperature. Furthermore, application of NBs highly improved the OH radical formation in acidic conditions. The results of this research depicted for first time that the application of NBs strongly encourages the initiation of reactions involving OH radicals. It was found by this research that NBs can boost the concentration of OH radicals up to 3.5 fold compared to equivalent MB-supported ozonation systems. This is assumed to improve the efficiency of currently existing conventional bubble supported O3 – based AOP systems.
The research on the control of chlorinated by-products by the combined process of three-dimensional electrode system and ultraviolet-photocatalytic oxidation
Authors: Wang Li , Liang Hong , Zhang Kaibin , Huang Hong , Wang Qingchun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Advanced oxidation technology is considered to be the most potential wastewater treatment technology. As one of the advanced oxidation technologies, the three-dimensional electrochemical system (3DES) is often used to treat industrial wastewater that is difficult to degrade. Sulphonated phenolic resin (SMP) was treated as a characteristic pollutant in sulfonated drilling wastewater. The separate effect of current, the dosage of particle electrodes, chloride ion concentration and initial pH on chlorinated by-products were analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that current is the most dominant factor, followed by the dosage of particle electrodes. The ultraviolet-electrolysis (UVEL) system was implemented by adding ultraviolet light under the optimal electrolysis (EL) system. The chemical oxygen demand (CODcr) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal rates of the UVEL system were respectively increased by 19% and 29.39% compared with the EL system, the concentration of chlorinated by-products was also reduced by 534.4 mg/L when the UV irradiance was 5.24 mW/cm2. These results indicated that the UVEL system degrades SMP more thoroughly. The enhanced reaction mechanism of the UVEL system and the possible degradation pathway for SMP were proposed by controlling free radical quenching experiments and the product of EL and UVEL processes. The results showed that the high degradation efficiency of the UVEL system could be attributed to the synergistic degradation mechanism present in the UVEL system, where the photolysis of active chlorine species (ACl) promotes the increase of hydroxyl radical (·OH).
The Toxicity Testing of Cyanobacterial Toxins In vivo and In vitro by
Mouse Bioassay: A Review
Authors: Ahari Hamed , Nowruzi Bahareh , Anvar Amir Ali , Porzani Samaneh Jafari 
Published: November 2021

:
Different biological methods based on bioactivity are available to detect cyanotoxins, including
neurotoxicity, immunological interactions, hepatotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and enzymatic activity.
The mouse bioassay is the first test employed in laboratory cultures, cell extracts, and water bloom
materials to detect toxins. It is also used as a traditional method to estimate the LD50. Concerning the
ease of access and low cost, it is the most common method for this purpose. In this method, a sample
is injected intraperitoneally into adult mice, and accordingly, they are assayed and monitored for
about 24 hours for toxic symptoms. The toxin can be detected using this method from minutes to a
few hours; its type, e.g., hepatotoxin, neurotoxin, etc., can also be determined. However, this method
is nonspecific, fails to detect low amounts, and cannot distinguish between homologues. Although the
mouse bioassay is gradually replaced with new chemical and immunological methods, it is still the
main technique to detect the bioactivity and efficacy of cyanotoxins using LD50 determined based on
the survival time of animals exposed to the toxin. In addition, some countries oppose animal use in
toxicity studies. However, high cost, ethical considerations, low-sensitivity, non-specificity, and prolonged
processes persuade researchers to employ chemical and functional analysis techniques. The
qualitative and quantitative analyses, as well as high specificity and sensitivity, are among the advantages
of cytotoxicity tests to investigate cyanotoxins. The present study aimed at reviewing the
results obtained from in vitro and in vivo investigations of the mouse bioassay to detect cyanotoxins,
including microcystins, cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxins, etc.
Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Cardiorenal Protection in Patients with
Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Georgianos Panagiotis I. , Roumeliotis Stefanos , Eleftheriadis Theodoros , Liakopoulos Vassilios 
Published: November 2021

:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD)
worldwide [1]. The development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with T2DM substantially
increases their risk for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality [2]. In fact, when
T2DM and early-stage CKD co-exist, the risk for CV death is several times higher than the risk
for progression to ESKD [3]. Therefore, there is a need for the development of novel therapies to
improve CV and kidney failure outcomes in this high-risk population. In this brief perspective,
we explore the role of sodium-glucose co-transporter type-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and the nonsteroidal
mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonist (MRA) finerenone, in the management of diabetic
kidney disease (DKD).
Efficacy of Gefitinib in Patients with Advanced Non-small-cell Carcinoma of the Lung Harboring Common, Uncommon and Complex EGFR Mutations
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Chiang Ka Yan , Ho James Chung Man , Tam Terence Chi Chun , Ip Mary Sau Man , Lam David Chi Leung 
Published: November 2021

Background:
As the commonest EGFR-TKI being used in Hong Kong, gefitinib has
shown to be efficacious and safe as first-line treatment for L858R mutation and exon 19 deletions
with less gastrointestinal and cutaneous adverse events than erlotinib and afatinib. The evidence for
therapeutic efficacy for uncommon and complex EGFR mutations, on the other hand, is lacking. It
is important to explore whether or not gefitinib is helpful for uncommon and complex EGFR mutations.

Objectives:
To assess the therapeutic efficacy of gefitinib, as measured by progression-free survival
and overall survival, among advanced-stage lung cancer patients with common, uncommon,
and complex EGFR mutations.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included 241 Chinese patients with advanced non-smallcell
carcinoma of the lung harboring EGFR mutations and received gefitinib 250 mg daily as firstline
treatment. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with different
EGFR mutations, namely exon 19 deletions, L858R mutation in exon 21, uncommon EGFR
mutations, and complex EGFR mutations, were analyzed.

Results:
Among the 241 patients, 118 (49%) had exon 19 deletion, 104 (43%) had L858R mutation
in exon 21, 6 (2.5%) had uncommon EGFR mutations, and 13 (5.4%) had complex EGFR mutations.
The mean age was 69. 72% of the patients were female, and 81% were non-smokers. Patients
with complex EGFR mutations, regardless of the presence of exon 19 deletion and L858R mutation
as the component, have better PFS and OS than patients with single common EGFR mutations
(Exon 19 deletion or L858R mutation). Patients with uncommon EGFR mutations have inferior
PFS and OS than those with common EGFR mutations.

Conclusion:
Gefitinib is a possible option for patients with complex EGFR mutations, while it
may not be the preferred treatment option in patients with single uncommon EGFR mutations.
Maddulo Kamu: traversing the social life patterns of the Ibanags
Authors: Julian Ma. Cecilia Cynthia B. 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research is to discover, characterize, and analyze the social life patterns of the Ibanags in Nassiping, Gattaran, Cagayan. The descriptive case study approach was utilized, which included current information regarding the nature or status of this cultural group, as well as other phenomena. 100 clients were chosen from conception until death or burial based on their understanding of facts and information about Ibanag beliefs, traditions, and rites. The participant-observer technique, in which the researcher participated in the practices, rituals, and other ceremonies while simultaneously observing and seeing them, necessitated her staying among the people for several months. The researcher also studied reference materials or documents, as well as other demographic data on the community and its population. Farming and fishing are the most common jobs, however, some of them also work in carpentry and have their businesses. The Ibanag people have traditional beliefs and habits that are at variance with what teachers teach in schools from conception to death. On the other side, the problem of value conflicts can be solved by shifting unfavorable ideas and practices to more favorable ones, which can be attributed to people's education and willingness to change
Albanian and English language gender
Authors: Millaku Shkëlqim , Topanica-Millaku Xhevahire 
Published: November 2021

In Albanian and English language we have three kinds of gender: masculine, feminine and neuter. In Albanian language the concept for gender, is: “Gjinia është një nga kategoritë gramatikore më karakteristikë për emrat në gjuhën shqipe. Nga natyra e saj, ajo dallohet nga kategoritë e tjera të emrit, nga numri, rasa dhe nga kategoritë e shquarsisë dhe të pashquarsisë, sepse i kundërvihet mashkullore-femërore dhe asnjanëse...”[1]. This Albanian citation is possible to be the similary and within English language e.g: “a grouping of nouns and pronouns into classes’ masculine, feminine and neuter”[2] or “gender differs from the grammatical categories, case, and definiteness, in being a lexical as well as inflection category of the noun. The gender to which a give word belongs is a property of that particular word independent of context”[3]. The contrast of gender between two languages are e.g: the cases (five in Albanian with different endings and two in English), definite and indefinite nouns (the masculine nouns for Albanian language has some engings: -i, -it, -in, -it, -u, -un, -ut, for feminine -e,-a, -ja, -je, -s, -së, -në, or for neuter nouns with –i, -it and for indefinite nouns is: /një/.
Cognitive dissonance as factor of influence in American courtroom discourse
Authors: Pelepeychenko Lyudmyla , Zatsnyi Yurii , Zaitseva Margaryta 
Published: November 2021

The article reveals the specificity of cognitive dissonance in courtroom discourse as one of the mechanisms of communicative influence on the recipients. Two types of the phenomenon in question are grounded: dissonance caused by real-life facts, which include the nature of the crime itself, and dissonance artificially created by the prosecutor and the defense lawyer to persuasively influence the jury and the judge. Common is the use of a narrative as a persuasive, arousing the associative activity of the recipients by contrasting the axiological features of the concepts; combining elements of rational and emotional communicative influence. Distinctive features include the communicative strategies and tactics used by speakers and the choice of concepts around which communicative influence is modeled. The speeches of the prosecutor and the defense lawyer represent a kind of battle of narratives and a contest of cognitive dissonance. The research results in the following findings: the narrative that not only causes cognitive dissonance but also implicitly presents a way to overcome psychological discomfort and harmonize elements of the cognitive structure in the minds of the recipients wins.