bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Order, experience, and critique: The phenomenological method in political and legal theory
Authors: Loidolt Sophie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe paper investigates phenomenology’s possibilities to describe, reflect and critically analyse political and legal orders. It presents a “toolbox” of methodological reflections, tools and topics, by relating to the classics of the tradition and to the emerging movement of “critical phenomenology,” as well as by touching upon current issues such as experiences of rightlessness, experiences in the digital lifeworld, and experiences of the public sphere. It is argued that phenomenology provides us with a dynamic methodological framework that emphasizes correlational, co-constitutional, and interrelational structures, and thus pays attention to modes of givenness, the making and unmaking of “world,” and, thereby, the inter/subjective, affective, and bodily constitution of meaning. In the case of political and legal orders, questions of power, exclusion, and normativity are central issues. By looking at “best practice” models such as Hannah Arendt’s analyses, the paper points out an analytical tool and flexible framework of “spaces of meaning” that phenomenologists can use and modify as they go along. In the current debates on political and legal issues, the author sees the main task of phenomenology to reclaim experience as world-building and world-opening, also in a normative sense, and to demonstrate how structures and orders arelivedwhile they condition and form spaces of meaning. If we want to understand, criticize, act, or change something, this subjective and intersubjective perspective will remain indispensable.
The thin ret(raction) line: biomedical journal responses to incorrect non-targeting nucleotide sequence reagents in human gene knockdown publications
Authors: Byrne Jennifer A. , Park Yasunori , West Rachael A. , Capes-Davis Amanda , Favier Bertrand , Cabanac Guillaume , Labbé Cyril 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe capacity of the scientific literature to self-correct is of vital importance, but few studies have compared post-publication journal responses to specific error types. We have compared journal responses to a specific reagent error in 31 human gene knockdown publications, namely a non-targeting or negative control nucleotide sequence that is instead predicted to target a human gene. The 31 papers published by 13 biomedical journals generated 26 published responses (14 retractions, 5 expressions of concern, 7 author corrections which included one resolved expression of concern) as well as 6 stated decisions to take no action. Variations in published responses were noted both between journals and by 4 journals that published different responses to at least 2 papers. A subset of published responses revealed conflicting explanations for the wrongly identified control reagent, despite 30/31 papers obtaining their gene knockdown reagents from the same external supplier. Viewed collectively, different journal responses to human gene knockdown publications with a common reagent error type suggest that editorial staff require more support to interpret post-publication notifications of incorrect nucleotide sequence reagents. We propose a draft template to facilitate the communication, interpretation and investigation of published errors, including errors affecting research reagents.
The Maximum Modulus Set of a Polynomial
Authors: Pardo-Simón Leticia , Sixsmith David J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study the maximum modulus set, $${{\mathcal {M}}}(p)$$

M
(
p
)

, of a polynomial p. We are interested in constructing p so that $${{\mathcal {M}}}(p)$$

M
(
p
)

has certain exceptional features. Jassim and London gave a cubic polynomial p such that $${{\mathcal {M}}}(p)$$

M
(
p
)

has one discontinuity, and Tyler found a quintic polynomial $${\tilde{p}}$$

p
~

such that $${{\mathcal {M}}}({\tilde{p}})$$

M
(

p
~

)

has one singleton component. These are the only results of this type, and we strengthen them considerably. In particular, given a finite sequence $$a_1, a_2, \ldots , a_n$$

a
1

,

a
2

,
…
,

a
n

of distinct positive real numbers, we construct polynomials p and $${\tilde{p}}$$

p
~

such that $${{\mathcal {M}}}(p)$$

M
(
p
)

has discontinuities of modulus $$a_1, a_2, \ldots , a_n$$

a
1

,

a
2

,
…
,

a
n

, and $${{\mathcal {M}}}({\tilde{p}})$$

M
(

p
~

)

has singleton components at the points $$a_1, a_2, \ldots , a_n$$

a
1

,

a
2

,
…
,

a
n

. Finally we show that these results are strong, in the sense that it is not possible for a polynomial to have infinitely many discontinuities in its maximum modulus set.
FIXED POINTS OF POLYNOMIALS OVER DIVISION RINGS
Authors: CHAPMAN ADAM , VISHKAUTSAN SOLOMON 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study the discrete dynamics of standard (or left) polynomials

$f(x)$
over division rings D. We define their fixed points to be the points

$\lambda \in D$
for which

$f^{\circ n}(\lambda )=\lambda $
for any

$n \in \mathbb {N}$
, where

$f^{\circ n}(x)$
is defined recursively by

$f^{\circ n}(x)=f(f^{\circ (n-1)}(x))$
and

$f^{\circ 1}(x)=f(x)$
. Periodic points are similarly defined. We prove that

$\lambda $
is a fixed point of

$f(x)$
if and only if

$f(\lambda )=\lambda $
, which enables the use of known results from the theory of polynomial equations, to conclude that any polynomial of degree

$m \geq 2$
has at most m conjugacy classes of fixed points. We also show that in general, periodic points do not behave as in the commutative case. We provide a sufficient condition for periodic points to behave as expected.
SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION OF /S/-WEAKENING IN A STUDY ABROAD CONTEXT
Authors: Linford Bret , Harley Alicia , Brown Earl K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study examines the second language (L2) development of variable /s/-weakening in the spontaneous speech of L2 learners of Spanish who studied abroad in either Dominican Republic, where /s/-weakening is widespread, or central Spain, where /s/-weakening is much less common. Learners’ realizations of /s/ were coded impressionistically and acoustically by measuring voicing, center of gravity, and duration. The results show that regardless of the study abroad location, students did not change the amount of sibilance they produced over time. However, they became more nativelike with respect to /s/-voicing and duration. Additionally, whereas some linguistic factors were found to significantly constrain /s/-weakening across groups, learners did not gain sensitivity to all factors that constrain native-speaker /s/-weakening. Findings suggest that exposure to /s/-weakening during a semester abroad is insufficient for learners to adopt this sociolinguistic variable and other social and cognitive factors likely mitigate its integration into the L2 learners’ phonological systems.
ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS FOR THE MEAN FIRST PASSAGE TIME IN FINITE OR SPATIALLY PERIODIC 2D DOMAINS WITH A CLUSTER OF SMALL TRAPS
Authors: IYANIWURA S. , WARD M. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA hybrid asymptotic-numerical method is developed to approximate the mean first passage time (MFPT) and the splitting probability for a Brownian particle in a bounded two-dimensional (2D) domain that contains absorbing disks, referred to as “traps”, of asymptotically small radii. In contrast to previous studies that required traps to be spatially well separated, we show how to readily incorporate the effect of a cluster of closely spaced traps by adapting a recently formulated least-squares approach in order to numerically solve certain local problems for the Laplacian near the cluster. We also provide new asymptotic formulae for the MFPT in 2D spatially periodic domains where a trap cluster is centred at the lattice points of an oblique Bravais lattice. Over all such lattices with fixed area for the primitive cell, and for each specific trap set, the average MFPT is smallest for a hexagonal lattice of traps.
The Concept of Essential Use: A Novel Approach to Regulating Chemicals in the European Union
Authors: Garnett Kathleen , Van Calster Geert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article examines ‘essential use’ as a novel form of regulatory control. An essential use approach to the regulation of potentially hazardous chemicals has not been used extensively (if at all) in European Union (EU) regulatory law and warrants further consideration. Essential use, as initially proposed by scientists and later referred to in the EU 2020 Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability, is a radical departure from the current method of regulating hazardous substances. The purpose of this article is to contribute to legal scholarship on essential use by (i) scoping its origins in United States law and subsequently in international law; (ii) noting its limited incorporation into the EU legal order over the past 30 years; (iii) analyzing how it could be further incorporated into the EU legal order; and (iv) considering the impact of such a move on the future regulation of hazardous substances in the EU.
Perceptions of a Self-Management Intervention for Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Crosby Lori E. , Joffe Naomi E. , Kidwell Katherine M. , Harry Onengiya , McTate Emily A. , Nwankwo Cara , Hood Anna M. 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk for complications from their disease during their adolescent and young adult (AYA) years. The risk of morbidity in AYAs with SCD can be decreased with improved self-management. Existing self-management interventions typically focus on one aspect of self-management (e.g., adherence) and do not address factors that activate patients (knowledge, motivation, self-efficacy, and social support) to self-manage. Sickle Cell Thrive (SCThrive) is a mixed in-person/online, technology-enhanced (use of a mobile app), group self-management intervention that targets patient activation. To determine the most clinically significant intervention components, a qualitative study was conducted. Method: Participants were 19 AYAs ( M age = 17.05) with SCD who participated in individual semistructured phone interviews after completing SCThrive. Interview content was coded using a grounded-theory approach to generate themes related to SCThrive’s feasibility, acceptability, and motivation for and impact on self-management. Results: SCThrive was reported to be highly feasible due to the mixed in-person/online format and acceptable because they learned skills to manage SCD in a group of AYAs with SCD. Action planning and pain/mood tracking appeared to be key factors in motivating AYAs for self-management. Participants reported continuing to use self-management skills post-SCThrive (self-efficacy) including applying them to other domains of their lives (e.g., educational/vocational). Conclusions: Study results provide data that can be leveraged to enhance the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of SCThrive and other self-management interventions. Findings can also inform clinical and mobile health interventions to increase self-management in this population. Implications for Impact Statement Adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease are a particularly vulnerable group at risk for serious disease complications that could be minimized or prevented with effective self-management. This study showed a self-management intervention delivered in a group format in-vivo and online was acceptable, feasible, and motivating for self-management. Participants perceived the peer support component and app as highly beneficial.
Genome-wide analysis of changes in miRNA and target gene expression reveals key roles in heterosis for Chinese cabbage biomass
Authors: Li Peirong , Su Tongbing , Zhang Deshuang , Wang Weihong , Xin Xiaoyun , Yu Yangjun , Zhao Xiuyun , Yu Shuancang , Zhang Fenglan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHeterosis is a complex phenomenon in which hybrids show better phenotypic characteristics than their parents do. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapaL. spp.pekinensis) is a popular leafy crop species, hybrids of which are widely used in commercial production; however, the molecular basis of heterosis for biomass of Chinese cabbage is poorly understood. We characterized heterosis in a Chinese cabbage F1hybrid cultivar and its parental lines from the seedling stage to the heading stage; marked heterosis of leaf weight and biomass yield were observed. Small RNA sequencing revealed 63 and 50 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) at the seedling and early-heading stages, respectively. The expression levels of the majority of miRNA clusters in the F1hybrid were lower than the mid-parent values (MPVs). Using degradome sequencing, we identified 1,819 miRNA target genes. Gene ontology (GO) analyses demonstrated that the target genes of the MPV-DEMs and low parental expression level dominance (ELD) miRNAs were significantly enriched in leaf morphogenesis, leaf development, and leaf shaping. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression levels of photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis-related MPV-DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were significantly different in the F1hybrid compared to the parental lines, resulting in increased photosynthesis capacity and chlorophyll content in the former. Furthermore, expression of genes known to regulate leaf development was also observed at the seedling stage. Arabidopsis plants overexpressingBrGRF4.2and bra-miR396 presented increased and decreased leaf sizes, respectively. These results provide new insight into the regulation of target genes and miRNA expression patterns in leaf size and heterosis for biomass ofB. rapa.
Transcription factor WRKY22 regulates canker susceptibility in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) by enhancing cell enlargement and CsLOB1 expression
Authors: Long Qin , Du Meixia , Long Junhong , Xie Yu , Zhang Jingyun , Xu Lanzhen , He Yongrui , Li Qiang , Chen Shanchun , Zou Xiuping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPathological hypertrophy (cell enlargement) plays an important role in the development of citrus canker, but its regulators are largely unknown. Although WRKY22 is known to be involved in pathogen-triggered immunity and positively regulates resistance to bacterial pathogens in Arabidopsis, rice and pepper, the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated partial knockout ofCsWRKY22improves resistance toXanthomonas citrisubsp.citri(Xcc) in Wanjincheng orange (Citrus sinensisOsbeck). Here, we demonstrate that CsWRKY22 is a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator.CsWRKY22-overexpressing plants exhibited dwarf phenotypes that had wrinkled and thickened leaves and were more sensitive to Xcc, whereasCsWRKY22-silenced plants showed no visible phenotype changes and were more resistant to Xcc. Microscopic observations revealed that the overexpression ofCsWRKY22increased cell size in the spongy mesophyll. Transcriptome analysis showed that cell growth-related pathways, such as the auxin and brassinosteroid hormonal signaling and cell wall organization and biogenesis pathways, were significantly upregulated uponCsWRKY22overexpression. Interestingly, CsWRKY22 activated the expression ofCsLOB1, which is a key gene regulating susceptibility to citrus canker. We further confirmed that CsWRKY22 bound directly to the W-boxes just upstream of the transcription start site ofCsLOB1in vivo and in vitro. We conclude that CsWRKY22 enhances susceptibility to citrus canker by promoting host hypertrophy andCsLOB1expression. Thus, our study provides new insights into the mechanism regulating pathological hypertrophy and the function of WRKY22 in citrus.
Unmasking the immune microecology of ductal carcinoma in situ with deep learning
Authors: Narayanan Priya Lakshmi , Raza Shan E. Ahmed , Hall Allison H. , Marks Jeffrey R. , King Lorraine , West Robert B. , Hernandez Lucia , Guppy Naomi , Dowsett Mitch , Gusterson Barry , Maley Carlo , Hwang E. Shelley , Yuan Yinyin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite increasing evidence supporting the clinical relevance of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in invasive breast cancer, TIL spatial variability within ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) samples and its association with progression are not well understood. To characterise tissue spatial architecture and the microenvironment of DCIS, we designed and validated a new deep learning pipeline, UNMaSk. Following automated detection of individual DCIS ducts using a new method IM-Net, we applied spatial tessellation to create virtual boundaries for each duct. To study local TIL infiltration for each duct, DRDIN was developed for mapping the distribution of TILs. In a dataset comprising grade 2–3 pure DCIS and DCIS adjacent to invasive cancer (adjacent DCIS), we found that pure DCIS cases had more TILs compared to adjacent DCIS. However, the colocalisation of TILs with DCIS ducts was significantly lower in pure DCIS compared to adjacent DCIS, which may suggest a more inflamed tissue ecology local to DCIS ducts in adjacent DCIS cases. Our study demonstrates that technological developments in deep convolutional neural networks and digital pathology can enable an automated morphological and microenvironmental analysis of DCIS, providing a new way to study differential immune ecology for individual ducts and identify new markers of progression.
Automation of diffusion database development in multicomponent alloys from large number of experimental composition profiles
Authors: Zhong Jing , Chen Li , Zhang Lijun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNowadays, the urgency for the high-quality interdiffusion coefficients and atomic mobilities with quantified uncertainties in multicomponent/multi-principal element alloys, which are indispensable for comprehensive understanding of the diffusion-controlled processes during their preparation and service periods, is merging as a momentous trending in materials community. However, the traditional exploration approach for database development relies heavily on expertize and labor-intensive computation, and is thus intractable for complex systems. In this paper, we augmented the HitDIC (high-throughput determination of interdiffusion coefficients,https://hitdic.com) software into a computation framework for automatic and efficient extraction of interdiffusion coefficients and development of atomic mobility database directly from large number of experimental composition profiles. Such an efficient framework proceeds in a workflow of automation concerning techniques of data-cleaning, feature engineering, regularization, uncertainty quantification and parallelism, for sake of agilely establishing high-quality kinetic database for target alloy. Demonstration of the developed infrastructures was finally conducted in fcc CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys with a dataset of 170 diffusion couples and 34,000 composition points for verifying their reliability and efficiency. Thorough investigation over the obtained kinetic descriptions indicated that the sluggish diffusion is merely unilateral interpretation over specific composition and temperature ranges affiliated to limited dataset. It is inferred that data-mining over large number of experimental data with the combinatorial infrastructures are superior to reveal extremely complex composition- and temperature-dependent thermal–physical properties.
Combination of histochemical analyses and micro-MRI reveals regional changes of the murine cervix in preparation for labor
Authors: Chatterjee Antara , Saghian Rojan , Dorogin Anna , Cahill Lindsay S. , Sled John G. , Lye Stephen , Shynlova Oksana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe cervix is responsible for maintaining pregnancy, and its timely remodeling is essential for the proper delivery of a baby. Cervical insufficiency, or “weakness”, may lead to preterm birth, which causes infant morbidities and mortalities worldwide. We used a mouse model of pregnancy and term labor, to examine the cervical structure by histology (Masson Trichome and Picrosirius Red staining), immunohistochemistry (Hyaluronic Acid Binding Protein/HABP), and ex-vivo MRI (T2-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging), focusing on two regions of the cervix (i.e., endocervix and ectocervix). Our results show that mouse endocervix has a higher proportion of smooth muscle cells and collagen fibers per area, with more compact tissue structure, than the ectocervix. With advanced gestation, endocervical changes, indicative of impending delivery, are manifested in fewer smooth muscle cells, expansion of the extracellular space, and lower presence of collagen fibers. MRI detected three distinctive zones in pregnant mouse endocervix: (1) inner collagenous layer, (2) middle circular muscular layer, and (3) outer longitudinal muscular layer. Diffusion MRI images detected changes in tissue organization as gestation progressed suggesting the potential application of this technique to non-invasively monitor cervical changes that precede the onset of labor in women at risk for preterm delivery.
Examining modifications of execution strategies during a continuous task
Authors: Cohen Erez James , Wei Kunlin , Minciacchi Diego 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHow strategies are formulated during a performance is an important aspect of motor control. Knowledge of the strategy employed in a task may help subjects achieve better performances, as it would help to evidence other possible strategies that could be used as well as help perfect a certain strategy. We sought to investigate how much of a performance is conditioned by the initial state and whether behavior throughout the performance is modified within a short timescale. In other words, we focus on the process of execution and not on the outcome. To this scope we used a repeated continuous circle tracing task. Performances were decomposed into different components (i.e., execution variables) whose combination is able to numerically determine movement outcome. By identifying execution variables of speed and duration, we created an execution space and a solution manifold (i.e., combinations of execution variables yielding zero discrepancy from the desired outcome) and divided the subjects according to their initial performance in that space into speed preference, duration preference, and no-preference groups. We demonstrated that specific strategies may be identified in a continuous task, and strategies remain relatively stable throughout the performance. Moreover, as performances remained stable, the initial location in the execution space can be used to determine the subject’s strategy. Finally, contrary to other studies, we demonstrated that, in a continuous task, performances were associated with reduced exploration of the execution space.