bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oceanic versus terrestrial origin of El Niño Southern Oscillation–associated continental precipitation anomalies
Authors: Sorí Rogert , Nieto Raquel , Liberato Margarida L. R. , Gimeno Luis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrecipitation is significantly influenced by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is considered to be the most important factor that brings about climate variability. In this study, the asymmetry of the origin of continental precipitation anomalies during El Niño and La Niña events was investigated. An already validated Lagrangian approach was used to determine the proportion of the total Lagrangian precipitation that is of oceanic and terrestrial origin. Further, the role of these components of the Lagrangian precipitation in regions with significant precipitation anomalies during the ENSO was investigated. A two‐phase asymmetric behavior of precipitation, particularly in tropical regions, was obtained. For some of these regions, precipitation anomalies based on other datasets were also calculated to confirm the observed changes, and for these regions, it was observed that in all cases, the calculated anomaly of Lagrangian precipitation agreed with the precipitation change. The percentage of precipitation of oceanic origin was higher in most of these regions. However, it was observed that an increase in the percentage of precipitation of oceanic origin did not bring about a general increase in precipitation for all the regions, revealing the importance of precipitation of terrestrial origin during both phases of the ENSO.
Pediatric morphea state‐of‐the‐art literature review: Reframing morphea as a systemic disease
Authors: Sink Jacquelyn R. , Chiu Yvonne E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPediatric morphea is an inflammatory, fibrosing dermatologic disorder. Although morphea may be localized to the skin and subcutaneous tissues, differentiating it from systemic sclerosis, there is increasing evidence that morphea is a manifestation of a systemic inflammatory process, with the potential to involve many organ systems. Given the potential risk for irreversible sequelae, pediatric morphea should be treated early and aggressively. Long‐term disease monitoring is essential.
Topical corticosteroids for noninvasive treatment of pyogenic granulomas
Authors: Moustafa Danna , Neale Holly , Ostrowski Stephen M. , Gellis Stephen E. , Hawryluk Elena B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPyogenic granulomas are benign vascular proliferations of the skin and mucous membranes that tend to bleed easily. They typically require procedural treatments that can be difficult for patients with intellectual disabilities or behavioral concerns to tolerate. In our practice, we have found the use of topical clobetasol to be effective to induce regression of cutaneous pyogenic granulomas. We present here a case of an adolescent patient with autism and two bleeding pyogenic granulomas who poorly tolerated a biopsy of the first lesion and could not tolerate subsequent procedures. Topical therapy with clobetasol effectively managed the second pyogenic granuloma, an approach representative of a noninvasive practice utilized in our clinic.
A severe presentation of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis with non‐infectious circulatory shock in an adolescent
Authors: O’Brian Madeleine , Kolitz Elysha , Jeong Haneol S. , Cao Lauren , Vandergriff Travis , Glass Donald A. , Dominguez Arturo R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a severe case of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) secondary to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole complicated by non‐infectious circulatory shock in a 16‐year‐old boy. Hemodynamic instability has been reported as a complication of AGEP in adults, but is rarely observed in pediatric patients. The patient we present demonstrated characteristic cutaneous findings of AGEP including isolated non‐follicular, sterile pustules on a background of erythema with involvement at intertriginous areas and subsequently developed non‐infectious circulatory shock. This case expands the spectrum of possible clinical presentations for AGEP in pediatric patients.
The scope of health insurance coverage of vitiligo treatments in the United States: Implications for health care outcomes and disparities in children of color
Authors: Blundell Andrew , Sachar Moniyka , Gabel Colleen K. , Bercovitch Lionel G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients of color are disproportionately impacted by vitiligo. Access to treatment depends greatly on insurance coverage. We, therefore, assessed current vitiligo treatment coverage policies across major United States health insurers to determine current patterns and coverage gaps for vitiligo.MethodsThe study surveyed 15 commercial health care insurers, 50 BlueCross BlueShield (BCBS) plans, Medicare, Medicaid, and Veterans Affairs. Information on treatment coverage for vitiligo, specifically pimecrolimus and tacrolimus, excimer laser therapy, PUVA, and narrow‐band (nb)UVB, was collected via an online review of insurance policy documents, confirmed with phone calls to organization representatives, or via a survey of Medicaid providers, and state Medicaid directors.ResultsOf 17 organizations with regional or national coverage policies, 12% did not cover topical calcineurin inhibitors, 56% did not cover nbUVB phototherapy, 53% did not cover PUVA phototherapy, and 41% did not cover laser therapy. For BCBS, pimecrolimus and tacrolimus were not covered in 39% and 35% of states, respectively. NbUVB and PUVA therapy were not covered in 20% and 10% of states, respectively. Excimer laser therapy was not covered in 82% of states. Out of 32 states with accessible Medicaid information, 11 did not cover topicals, 5 did not cover nbUVB, 4 did not cover PUVA, and 7 did not cover laser. Two commonly cited reasons for coverage denial were that the treatment indication was considered cosmetic, and certain therapies are not FDA‐approved.ConclusionsThere is inequity in the distribution of health among vitiligo patients given current patterns of insurance coverage for treatment, which may have disproportionate impact on patients of color.
Stevens‐Johnson syndrome associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: King David , Roberts Kristen , Stenton Sophie , Jenkins Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHodgkin's lymphoma accounts for approximately 40% of all lymphomas presenting in childhood and can be associated with a variety of dermatologic manifestations. Here, we describe a case of Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with Stevens‐Johnson syndrome. Clinicians should be aware of this association, especially if no alterative trigger for Stevens‐Johnson syndrome can be identified.
The physiological acclimation and growth response of Populus trichocarpa to warming
Authors: Hogan J. Aaron , Baraloto Christopher , Ficken Cari , Clark Miranda D. , Weston David J. , Warren Jeffrey M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlant metabolic acclimation to thermal stress remains underrepresented in current global climate models. Gaps exist in our understanding of how metabolic processes (i.e., photosynthesis, respiration) acclimate over time and how aboveground versus belowground acclimation differs. We measured the thermal acclimation of Populus trichocarpa, comparing aboveground versus belowground physiology over time. Ninety genetically identical ramets were propagated in mesocosms that separated root and microbial components. After establishment at 25°C for 6 weeks, 60 clones were warmed +4 or +8°C and monitored for 10 weeks, measuring photosynthesis (A), leaf respiration (R), soil respiration (Rs), root plus soil respiration (Rs+r), and root respiration (Rr). We observed thermal acclimation in both A and R, with rates initially increasing, then declining as the thermal photosynthetic optimum (Topt) and the temperature‐sensitivity (Q10) of respiration adjusted to warmer conditions. Photosynthetic acclimation was constructive, based on an increase in both Topt and peak A. Belowground, Rs+r decreased linearly with warming, while Rs rates declined abruptly, then remained constant with additional warming. Plant biomass was greatest at +4°C, with 30% allocated belowground. Rates of mass‐based Rr were similar among treatments; however, root nitrogen declined at +8°C leading to less mass nitrogen‐based Rr in that treatment. The Q10‐temperature relationship of Rr was affected by warming, leading to differing values among treatments. Aboveground acclimation exceeded belowground acclimation, and plant nitrogen‐use mediated the acclimatory response. Results suggest that moderate climate warming (+4°C) may lead to acclimation and increased plant biomass production but increases in production could be limited with severe warming (+8°C).
The Law: Government Transparency and Public Access
Authors: Johnson Gbemende E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNational governments regularly balance concerns of transparency and access to information against the need for information security and confidentiality. Increased government transparency can inform the public of the reasons underlying government decisions and can promote the participation of outside parties and actors. However, increased transparency can uncover wrongdoing that can lead to embarrassment or legal action against government actors. This project explores the implementation of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and analyzes how politicization affects aggregate federal executive branch transparency. Utilizing FOIA initial disposition data across the Bush II and Obama administrations, I find a complex relationship between politicization, as indicated by aggregate appointee presence within an agency, and FOIA requests outcomes. I find that increased politicization is associated with a higher proportion of responses, noting that agencies were not able to locate responsive FOIA records. However, I find less evidence that politicization affects the aggregate amount of information released to requesters from retrieved records.
The role of the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway in autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Authors: Lv Jiaqi , Ji Xiaoxiao , Li Zhen , Hao Huiqin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway (CAP) is a classic neuroimmune pathway, consisting of the vagus nerve, acetylcholine (ACh)—the pivotal neurotransmitter of the vagus nerve—and its receptors. This pathway can activate and regulate the activities of immune cells, inhibit cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as suppress cytokine release, thereby playing an anti‐inflammatory role, and widely involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases; recent studies have demonstrated that the CAP may be a new target for the treatment of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In this review, we will summarize the latest progress with the view of figuring out the role of the cholinergic pathway and how it interacts with inflammatory reactions in several autoimmune rheumatic diseases, and many advances are results from a wide range of experiments performed in vitro and in vivo.
Local regulation of auxin transport in root‐apex transition zone mediates aluminium‐induced Arabidopsis root‐growth inhibition
Authors: Li Cuiling , Liu Guangchao , Geng Xiaoyu , He Chunmei , Quan Taiyong , Hayashi Ken‐Ichiro , De Smet Ive , Robert Hélène S. , Ding Zhaojun , Yang Zhong‐Bao 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYAluminium (Al) stress is a major limiting factor for worldwide crop production in acid soils. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the TAA1‐dependent local auxin biosynthesis in the root‐apex transition zone (TZ), the major perception site for Al toxicity, is crucial for the Al‐induced root‐growth inhibition, while the mechanism underlying Al‐regulated auxin accumulation in the TZ is not fully understood. In the present study, the role of auxin transport in Al‐induced local auxin accumulation in the TZ and root‐growth inhibition was investigated. Our results showed that PIN‐FORMED (PIN) proteins such as PIN1, PIN3, PIN4 and PIN7 and AUX1/LAX proteins such as AUX1, LAX1 and LAX2 were all ectopically up‐regulated in the root‐apex TZ in response to Al stress and coordinately regulated local auxin accumulation in the TZ and root‐growth inhibition. The ectopic up‐regulation of PIN1 in the TZ under Al stress was regulated by both ethylene and auxin, with auxin signalling acting downstream of ethylene. Al‐induced PIN1 up‐regulation and auxin accumulation in the root‐apex TZ was also regulated by the calossin‐like protein BIG. Together, our results provide insight into how Al stress induces local auxin accumulation in the TZ and root‐growth inhibition through the local regulation of auxin transport.
Arthroscopic removal of osteochondral fragments of the cervical articular process joints in three horses
Authors: Schulze Nicole , Ehrle Anna , Beckmann Ina , Lischer Christoph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report arthroscopic osteochondral fragment removal from the equine cervical spine articular process joints (APJs) including long‐term follow‐up.Study DesignCase series.AnimalsThree Warmblood horses with forelimb lameness and/or reduced range of motion of the cervical spine with osteochondral fragments between the cervical vertebrae C5/C6or C6/C7.MethodArthroscopy of the APJs of C5/C6and C6/C7was performed under general anesthesia. Following endoscopic evaluation of the joints, osteochondral fragments were removed using a rongeur.ResultsAll horses recovered from anesthesia with no anesthetic or minor postanesthetic complications. One horse needed a second procedure for fragment removal. Fourteen to 31 months post‐surgery the horses were sound for their intended use and neurological examination revealed no abnormalities.ConclusionArthroscopic removal of osteochondral fragments can be performed safely in the equine cervical APJs of C5/C6and C6/C7resulting in a favorable long‐term outcome.Clinical SignificanceArthroscopic removal is a valid option for horses showing clinical signs that can be attributed to osteochondral fragments in the APJs of the neck.
Monocyte M1/M2 profile is altered in paediatric burn patients with hypertrophic scarring
Authors: Williams Helen , Suda Sasithorn , Dervish Suat , Yap Yen Tien , Holland Andrew J. A. , Medbury Heather J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHypertrophic scars (HTS) remain a common outcome of burn injury, particularly in children. They can arise from variations in the wound healing stages, such as an excessive inflammatory response or inefficient remodelling. Of the cells contributing to these healing stages, macrophages and fibrocytes are crucial. Specifically, the inflammatory phase is dominated by M1 macrophages, the proliferation/remodelling stages by M2 macrophages, and scar tissue contains numerous fibrocytes. As the progenitors to these cells, monocytes, can also exhibit M1‐ and M2‐skewing, we proposed that their profile, or circulating fibrocyte counts, could be used to predict poor healing outcomes. To investigate this, we obtained blood samples from paediatric controls and burns patients, which were then divided into HTS and NoHTS groups upon scar assessment at 12 months. The samples were assessed by whole blood flow cytometry to quantify fibrocytes and monocyte subset proportions and to determine monocyte levels of M1 (CD86, CD120b, CD319) and M2 (CD93, CD163, CD200R) markers. Both burns groups had higher proportions of classical monocytes compared to controls, indicating increased cell turnover and/or entry of other subsets into the wound. In burns patients who took more than 21 days to heal, the HTS group had lower M2 (CD200R) expression with the ratio of M1/M2 (CD86/CD200R) being significantly higher. These results suggest an elevated early inflammatory monocyte response contributes to development of HTS. Correlations of marker expression with remaining healing time revealed a significant positive correlation with M1 (CD120b) and M1/M2 (CD120b/CD200R), suggesting a potential role for CD120b as an indicator of healing delay. Fibrocytes did not significantly differ between the groups. In conclusion, increased monocyte inflammation likely contributes to slower healing and development of scarring, but further studies are needed to determine the predictive power of monocyte inflammatory profile.
Nonlinear Vibrations in Homogeneous Nonprismatic Timoshenko Cantilevers
Authors: Navadeh Navid , Sareh Pooya , Basovsky Volodymyr , Gorban Irina , Fallah Arash S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Deep cantilever beams, modeled using Timoshenko beam kinematics, have numerous applications in engineering. This study deals with the nonlinear dynamic response in a nonprismatic Timoshenko beam characterized by considering the deformed configuration of the axis. The mathematical model is derived using the extended Hamilton’s principle under the condition of finite deflections and angles of rotation. The discrete model of the beam motion is constructed based on the finite difference method (FDM), whose validity is examined by comparing the results for a special case with the corresponding data obtained by commercial finite element (FE) software abaqus 2019. The natural frequencies and vibration modes of the beam are computed. These results demonstrate decreasing eigenfrequency in the beam with increasing amplitudes of nonlinear oscillations. The numerical analyses of forced vibrations of the beam show that its points oscillate in different manners depending on their relative position along the beam. Points close to the free end of the beam are subject to almost harmonic oscillations, and the free end vibrates with a frequency equal to that of the external force. When a point approaches the clamped end of the beam, it oscillates in two-frequency mode and lags in phase from the oscillations of the free end. The analytical model allows for the study of the influence of each parameter on the eigenfrequency and the dynamic response. In all cases, a strong correlation exists between the results obtained by the analytical model and ABAQUS; nonetheless, the analytical model is computationally less expensive.
Human-Like Posture Correction for Seven-Degree-of-Freedom Robotic Arm
Authors: Deng Yu-Heng , Chang Jen-Yuan (James) 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Owing to advancements in robotics, researchers have been focusing on integrating humanoid robots into actual environments. Most humanoid robots are equipped with seven-degree-of-freedom (DoF) arms that allow them to be flexible in different scenarios. The controller of a 7-DoF robotic arm must select one solution among the infinite sets of solutions for a given inverse kinematics problem. To date, no suitable approach has been developed for identifying appropriate human-like postures for a robotic arm with an offset wrist configuration. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm that considers the movement of the human arm to consistently find a suitable human-like posture. First, a one-class support vector machine model is employed to classify human-like postures. Then, the algorithm uses the redundancy characteristic of a 7-DoF robotic arm with a linear regression model to enhance the search of human-like postures. Finally, the proposed algorithm is demonstrated in simulation, where it successfully optimized point-to-point trajectories by modifying only the endpoint posture.
Barcode medication administration technology use in hospital practice: a mixed-methods observational study of policy deviations
Authors: Mulac Alma , Mathiesen Liv , Taxis Katja , Gerd Granås Anne 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionBarcode medication administration (BCMA) can, if poorly implemented, cause disrupted workflow, increased workload and cause medication errors. Further exploration is needed of the causes of BCMA policy deviations.ObjectiveTo gain an insight into nurses’ use of barcode technology during medication dispensing and administration; to record the number and type of BCMA policy deviations, and to investigate their causes.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, mixed-methods study. Medication administration rounds on two hospital wards were observed using a digital tool and field notes. The SEIPS (Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety) model was used to analyse the data.ResultsWe observed 44 nurses administering 884 medications to 213 patients. We identified BCMA policy deviations for more than half of the observations; these related to the level of tasks, organisation, technology, environment and nurses. Task-related policy deviations occurred with 140 patients (66%) during dispensing and 152 patients (71%) during administration. Organisational deviations included failure to scan 29% of medications and 20% of patient’s wristbands. Policy deviations also arose due to technological factors (eg, low laptop battery, system freezing), as well as environmental factors (eg, medication room location, patient drawer size). Most deviations were caused by policies that interfere with proper and safe BCMA use and suboptimal technology design.ConclusionOur findings indicate that adaptations of the work system are needed, particularly in relation to policies and technology, to optimise the use of BCMA by nurses during medication dispensing and administration. These adaptations should lead to enhanced patient safety, as the absolute goal with BCMA implementation.
Spiritual dimension in palliative medicine: a qualitative study of learning tasks: medical students, teachers, educationalists
Authors: Pieters Jolien , Verstegen Daniëlle , Dolmans Diana , Neis Evelien , Warmenhoven Franca , van den Beuken-van Everdingen Marieke 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPalliative care is gaining importance within the physician’s range of duties. In the undergraduate medical curriculum, education on the four dimensions of care is insufficient. The spiritual dimension is hardly addressed. Therefore, we developed a coherent set of learning tasks targeted at learning to communicate about the spiritual dimension. The learning tasks are based on educational principles of authentic learning, reflective learning and longitudinal integration in the curriculum. This article reports on the feasibility of using these learning tasks in the medical curricula.MethodsTeachers and educational scientists were interviewed and students were asked to evaluate the learning tasks in focus groups. Interview transcripts were analysed by three independent researchers.ResultsThe learning tasks encourage the students to reflect on the four dimensions of palliative care and their personal values. Learning was clearly organised around authentic learning tasks relevant to the later profession, using paper, video cases, as well as simulations and real patients. Participants suggest giving more attention to cultural diversity. As palliative care is an emotionally charged subject, the safety of both student and patient should be guaranteed. All participants indicated that the program should start in the bachelor phase and most agreed that it should be integrated vertically and horizontally throughout the undergraduate program, although there is some debate about the optimal moment to start.ConclusionThe tasks, are authentic, encourage the students to reflect on the spiritual dimension of palliative care and are suitable for integration in the undergraduate medical curriculum.