bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B‐cell lymphoma/leukaemia 11B (BCL11B) expression status helps distinguish early T‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma (ETP‐ALL/LBL) from other subtypes of T‐cell ALL/LBL
Authors: Fang Hong , Wang Wei , El Hussein Siba , Morita Kiyomi , Beird Hannah C. , Mitra Akash , Loghavi Sanam , Lin Pei , Jabbour Elias J. , Khoury Joseph D. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryB‐cell lymphoma/leukaemia 11B (BCL11B) is an essential transcription factor for T‐cell lineage commitment and maturation. We investigated BCL11B expression by immunohistochemistry in T‐lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma (T‐ALL/LBL) (n = 115). The majority (83%) of early T‐cell precursor T‐ALL/LBL (ETP‐ALL) cases showed negative BCL11B expression, while most (84%) of non‐ETP‐ALL/LBL were positive for BCL11B. A simplified three‐marker [BCL11B, cluster of differentiation 5 (CD5), CD13] immunophenotypic score discriminated reliably between ETP‐ALL and non‐ETP‐ALL/LBL. In ETP‐ALL, patients with positive BCL11B expression had a better overall survival than those with negative BCL11B (P = 0·009). In summary, BCL11B is a valuable marker for T‐ALL/LBL subtyping and serves as a potential prognostic marker in patients with ETP‐ALL.
Longitudinal study of glomerular hyperfiltration and normalization of estimated glomerular filtration in adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Derebail Vimal K. , Zhou Qingning , Ciccone Emily J. , Cai Jianwen , Ataga Kenneth I. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryGlomerular hyperfiltration is common in sickle cell disease (SCD) and precedes proteinuria and declining kidney function. We evaluated hyperfiltration in SCD patients and its “normalization.” Routine visit data were collected retrospectively from adult SCD patients in a single centre from 2004 to 2013. Baseline was defined as first available serum creatinine and hyperfiltration as estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) >130 ml/min/1·73 m2 for women and >140 ml/min/1·73 m2 for men. Normalization of hyperfiltration was eGFR reduction to 90–130 ml/min/1·73 m2 for women or 90–140 ml/min/1·73 m2 for men. Among 292 patients, median age was 27 years [interquartile range (IQR):20·0–38·0], and 56·8% had baseline hyperfiltration. Baseline hyperfiltration was inversely associated with age [odds ratio (OR):0·86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0·82–0·90; P < 0·0001], male sex (OR:0·16, 95% CI: 0·07–0·41; P = 0·0001), haemoglobin (OR:0·76, 95% CI 0·61–0·94; P = 0·01), weight (OR:0·96, 95% CI: 0·93–0·99; P = 0·004), and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACE‐I/ARB) use (OR:0·08, 95% CI: 0·01–0·75; P = 0·03), and positively with hydroxycarbamide use (OR:2·99, 95% CI: 1·18–7·56; P = 0·02). Of 89 hyperfiltration patients without baseline proteinuria, 10 (11·2%) developed new‐onset proteinuria [median 1·05 years (IQR:0·63–2·09)]. Normalization of hyperfiltration was less likely with higher baseline eGFR [hazard ratio (HR):0·90, 95% CI: 0·86–0·95; P < 0·0001] and more likely in males (HR:6·35, 95% CI:2·71–14·86, <0·0001). Hyperfiltration is common in adult SCD patients, particularly when younger. Decline to normal values is more likely in males, possibly representing kidney function loss rather than improvement in hyperfiltration.
Parsing a plethora of pollen: the role of pollen size and shape in the evolution of Boraginaceae
Authors: Noroozi Maryam , Ghahremaninejad Farrokh , Bogler David , Witherspoon Jocelyn M. , Ryan Gillian L. , Miller James S. , Riahi Mehrshid , Cohen James I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPollen, the microgametophyte of seed plants, has an important role in plant reproduction and, therefore, evolution. Pollen is variable in, for example, size, shape, aperture number; these features are particularly diverse in some plant taxa and can be diagnostic. In one family, Boraginaceae, the range of pollen diversity suggests the potential utility of this family as a model for integrative studies of pollen development, evolution and molecular biology. In the present study, a comprehensive survey of the diversity and evolution of pollen from 538 species belonging to 72 genera was made using data from the literature and additional scanning electron microscopy examination. Shifts in diversification rates and the evolution of various quantitative characters were detected, and the results revealed remarkable differences in size, shape and number of apertures. The pollen of one subfamily, Boraginoideae, is larger than that in Cynoglossoideae. The diversity of pollen shapes and aperture numbers in one tribe, Lithospermeae, is greater than that in the other tribes. Ancestral pollen for the family was resolved as small, prolate grains that bear three apertures and are iso‐aperturate. Of all the tribes, the greatest number of changes in pollen size and aperture number were observed in Lithospermeae and Boragineae, and the number of apertures was found to be stable throughout all tribes of Cynoglossoideae. In addition, the present study showed that diversification of Boraginaceae cannot be assigned to a single factor, such as pollen size, and the increased rate of diversification for species‐rich groups (e.g. Cynoglossum) is not correlated with pollen size or shape evolution. The palynological data and patterns of character evolution presented in the study provide better resolution of the roles of geographical and ecological factors in the diversity and evolution of pollen grains of Boraginaceae, and provide suggestions for future palynological research across the family.
3‐D tooth movement adjacent to single anterior implants and esthetic outcome. A 14‐ to 20‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Winitsky Nicole , Naimi‐Akbar Aron , Nedelcu Robert , Jemt Torsten , Smedberg Jan–Ivan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo report three‐dimensional (3‐D) movement of teeth adjacent to single‐implant crowns (SICs) in the anterior maxilla and to relate the findings to patient characteristics and esthetic outcome.Materials and Methods3‐D movements of teeth adjacent to anterior maxillary SICs were measured in 30 patients with original SICs in function after 14–20 years. The movements were related to facial type, lower anterior facial height (LAFH), age at crown delivery, sex, the position of the implant, implant occlusion, cause of tooth loss, follow‐up period, orthodontic treatment prior to implant placement, and marginal bone‐level changes. The esthetic outcome and quality were assessed using Visual Analog scale (VAS) and California Dental Association (CDA) index.Results3‐D movement of adjacent teeth between 0 and 2.5 mm was observed at follow‐up with incisal and palatal movement being most pronounced. Incisal tooth movement of >1 mm was observed in 30% of the patients and was significantly associated with LAFH ≥70 mm. VAS rating associated poorly between patients and clinicians with scores of >80% in 63% and 20%, respectively. The CDA rating was assessed as satisfactory in 87% of the patients.ConclusionsSignificantly more extensive infraposition was observed in patients with SICs without occlusion, other causes of tooth loss than trauma, implant in lateral incisor and canine position, and a LAFH of ≥70 mm. Although infraposition occurs, patients are highly satisfied with the esthetics of their implants and the esthetic results are valued as higher by patients than dentists.
Eculizumab for antibody‐mediated rejection in heart transplantation: A case‐control study
Authors: Kittleson Michelle M. , Patel Nikhil , Chang David H. , Kransdorf Evan P. , Kobashigawa Jon A. , Patel Jignesh K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractComplement inhibition offers a novel treatment approach for antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR). We examined patients with hemodynamic compromise AMR 2010–2020, comparing eight patients supplemented with eculizumab to 10 patients without; administration was at the treating physician's discretion. There were no significant differences between groups though eculizumab patients had a non‐significantly higher inotrope score (208.8 mcg/kg/min vs. 2.6 mcg/kg/min; P = .22), more extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (62.5% vs. 20%; P = .066), and worse 1‐year survival (37.5% vs. 60%; P = .63). The role of eculizumab is uncertain in AMR; multicenter collaborative studies are essential to better define its role.
Population pharmacokinetics and exposure‐response analyses of teduglutide in adult and pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome
Authors: Marier Jean‐Francois , Jomphe Claudia , Peyret Thomas , Wang Yi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTeduglutide is a recombinant analog of human glucagon‐like peptide‐2 that regulates the functional and structural integrity of the cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. Teduglutide is approved for the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) who are dependent on parenteral support (PS). Population pharmacokinetic (PK) and exposure‐response analyses were performed to support teduglutide dosing in patients with SBS. The analysis included 219 patients with SBS (aged <1 year, 5 patients; 1–11 years, 86 patients; 12–17 years, 8 patients; 18–79 years, 120 patients), and 259 non‐SBS subjects (including healthy volunteers and subjects with renal or liver impairment). A one‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and linear elimination adequately characterized the PKs of teduglutide. In patients with SBS, the apparent clearance (CL/F), volume of distribution (V/F), and elimination half‐life of teduglutide were 16.0 L/h, 33.9 L, and 1.47 h, respectively. CL/F depended on body weight and renal function, and V/F depended on body weight and age. Maximum concentration (Cmax) of teduglutide was similar in adult and pediatric patients, and in Japanese and non‐Japanese patients. A time‐ and exposure‐response model dependent on the Cmax of teduglutide adequately characterized the reduction in PS over more than 2 years of treatment. Daily dosing of 0.05 mg/kg teduglutide resulted in a maximum reduction in PS of 5.76 L/week. Higher Cmax values were associated with a more important reduction in PS over time. Adult and pediatric patients with SBS presented similar PKs and response to teduglutide.
Intermediate fire severity diversity promotes richness of forest carnivores in California
Authors: Furnas Brett J. , Goldstein Benjamin R. , Figura Peter J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimFire can strongly influence ecosystem function, and human activities are disrupting fire activity at the global scale. Ecological theory and a growing body of literature suggest that a mixed severity fire regime promotes biodiversity in western North America. Some researchers advocate the use of pyrodiversity (i.e. heterogeneity in aspects of the fire regime such as time since fire or severity) as a conservation index to be maximized. Others caution against this approach arguing that the index oversimplifies fire–biodiversity interactions across trophic, spatial and temporal scales. We evaluated the effects of several landscape‐scale pyrodiversity indices, and their severity and time‐since‐fire components, on species richness of forest carnivores.LocationNorthern California, United States.MethodsWe gathered data on fire history and mammal occurrence from camera trap surveys at 1,451 sites across Northern California public and private forestlands during 2009–2018. We used these data to model the effects of fire severity diversity, and its components (i.e. low, moderate and high severity wildfires), on carnivore richness at short (10 years) and longer (25 years) timeframes. We repeated the modelling using a measure of time‐since‐fire diversity and its components (<10 years, 10–20 years, 20–30 years, 30–40 years, 40–100 years). We used Bayesian multispecies occupancy modelling to correct for imperfect measurement of species richness.ResultsWe found that carnivore richness was highest at locations with intermediate fire severity diversity (0.46, 90%CI: 0.40–0.52) calculated using Simpson's Measure of Evenness (range: 0–1) for the 10‐year timeframe, and the results were almost identical yet less precise for the longer timeframe. When we separated fire severity diversity into its components, we found that carnivore richness was highest at locations where 17% (90%CI: 4–20) of the landscape had experienced low severity burns over the past decade. In contrast, we found no association between time‐since‐fire diversity and carnivore richness, however, an intermediate amount of one of the components (e.g., the total amount of fire in the past 10 years) was positively associated with carnivore richness. Our results are consistent with a mixed severity fire regime wherein there is a greater extent of low severity than high severity fire.Main conclusionsOverall our results suggest that carnivores would benefit from landscapes managed for greater, but not maximal, fire severity diversity. Our results also suggest that prescribed, low severity burns may provide ecological services to wildlife not otherwise provided by silviculture in a managed forest landscape.
A global country‐level analysis of the relationship between obesity and COVID‐19 cases and mortality
Authors: Foo Oliver , Hiu Shaun , Teare Dawn , Syed Akheel A. , Razvi Salman 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the association of country‐level obesity prevalence with COVID‐19 case and mortality rates, to evaluate the impact of obesity prevalence on worldwide variation.MethodsData on COVID‐19 prevalence and mortality, country‐specific governmental actions, socioeconomic, demographic, and healthcare capacity factors were extracted from publicly available sources. Multivariable negative binomial regression was used to assess the independent association of obesity with COVID‐19 case and mortality rates.ResultsAcross 168 countries for which data were available, higher obesity prevalence was associated with increased COVID‐19 mortality and prevalence rates. For every 1% increase in obesity prevalence, the mortality rate was increased by 8.3% (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.083, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.048‐1.119; P < 0.001) and the case rate was higher by 6.6% (IRR 1.066, 95% CI 1.035‐1.099; P < 0.001). Additionally, higher median population age, greater female ratio, higher Human Development Index (HDI), lower population density, and lower hospital bed availability were all significantly associated with higher COVID‐19 mortality rate. In addition, stricter governmental actions, higher HDI and lower mean annual temperature were significantly associated with higher COVID‐19 case rate.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that obesity prevalence is a significant and potentially modifiable risk factor of increased COVID‐19 national caseload and mortality. Future research to study whether weight loss improves COVID‐19 outcomes is urgently required.
Colonizer identity and trade in Africa: Were the British more favourable to free trade?
Authors: Tadei Federico 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt has often been claimed that the structure of export trade between Africa and Europe during the colonial period depended on the colonizer's identity, with the British relying on free trade and the French, in contrast, employing monopsonistic policies. However, due to the lack of systematic data on colonial trade, this claim has remained untested. This study uses recently available data on export prices from African colonies to estimate monopsonistic profit margins for British and French trading companies. The results challenge the view of the British colonizers as champions of free trade. The level of profit margins was determined much more by the local conditions in Africa (history of trade and the presence of European producers) than by the identity of the colonial power. The British did not necessarily rely on free trade more than the French and did so only when implementing monopsonies was not a viable option.
The impact of adolescent stress on nicotine use and affective disorders in rodent models
Authors: Mooney‐Leber Sean M. , Caruso Michael J. , Gould Thomas J. , Cavigelli Sonia A. , Kamens Helen M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent findings indicate that stress exposure during adolescence contributes to the development of both nicotine use and affective disorders, suggesting a potential shared biological pathway. One key system that may mediate the association between adolescent stress and nicotine or affective outcomes is the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Here we reviewed evidence regarding the effects of adolescent stress on nicotine responses and affective phenotypes and the role of the HPA‐axis in these relationships. Literature indicates that stress, possibly via HPA‐axis dysfunction, is a risk factor for both nicotine use and affective disorders. In rodent models, adolescent stress modulates behavioural responses to nicotine and increases the likelihood of affective disorders. The exact role that the HPA‐axis plays in altering nicotine sensitivity and affective disorder development after adolescent stress remains unclear. However, it appears likely that adolescent stress‐induced nicotine use and affective disorders are precipitated by repetitive activation of a hyperactive HPA‐axis. Together, these preclinical studies indicate that adolescent stress is a risk factor for nicotine use and anxiety/depression phenotypes. The findings summarized here suggest that the HPA‐axis mediates this relationship. Future studies that pharmacologically manipulate the HPA‐axis during and after adolescent stress are critical to elucidate the exact role that the HPA‐axis plays in the development of nicotine use and affective disorders following adolescent stress.
Cancer risk in Parkinson disease: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Leong Yong Qi , Lee Shaun Wen Huey , Ng Khuen Yen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeIncreasing evidence suggests significant associations between Parkinson disease (PD) and cancer risks. We conducted an updated review of studies that examined the risks of various cancer among PD patients and how this differed when cancer preceded PD diagnosis or PD diagnosis preceded cancer.MethodsFour databases were searched for studies that examined the association between PD and incidence of cancer from database inception to 4 June 2021. Three independent reviewers screened the articles for eligibility and extracted study data. Pooled relative risk with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random effects model.ResultsForty studies involving 11 case–control studies, two nested case–control studies, 22 cohort studies, and five cross‐sectional studies were included. Compared to controls, PD patients had lower risks of lung, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and haematological cancers. Conversely, higher risks of melanoma and brain cancer were noted among PD patients. No association was found between PD and risk of female cancers. Subgroup analysis found negative associations between PD patients and risks of colon cancer, rectal cancer, and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma.ConclusionsFindings from our meta‐analysis suggest PD patients had lower risks of lung, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and haematological cancers and increased risks of melanoma and brain cancer. Future research to investigate the underlying mechanisms between PD and cancers is warranted.
First report from Sicily (Italy) of the orange spiny whitefly, Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and its potential risk for the Italian citrus industry
Authors: Rapisarda Carmelo , Longo Santi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe orange spiny whitefly, Aleurocanthus spiniferus, is reported for the first time in the district of Catania, Sicily (IT). The pest was observed on ornamental sour orange trees cultivated along roads in the town of Catania as well as in commercial citrus orchards of the Plain of Catania. Italy is the second European citrus‐producing country, after Spain, and more than 50% of Italian citrus are produced in Sicily, so the spread in this island of this new pest urgently requires adequate monitoring and control measures to protect this important crop.
Isotope record tracks changes in historical wintering ranges of a passerine in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Milano Stefania , Frahnert Sylke , Hallau André , Töpfer Till , Woog Friederike , Voigt Christian Claus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBillions of birds migrate from the Palaearctic to sub‐Saharan Africa, yet we are unaware about where exactly they stay over winter and how consistent they have been using these wintering areas over historical times. Here, we inferred the historical wintering areas of Eurasian Golden Orioles (Oriolus oriolus) from stable isotope ratios of feathers. Over the past 200 years, Golden Orioles used two major wintering grounds. Between 1895 and 1971, the relative use of these areas depended on local rainfall intensities. Golden Orioles may depend strongly on humid wintering areas in sub‐Saharan Africa, which may put this species at stake when the global climate continues to change.
Connectivity and pore accessibility in models of soil carbon cycling
Authors: Baveye Philippe C. , Balseiro Romero María , Pot Valérie , Ortega‐Calvo José Julio 
Published: August 2021

This article is a Letter to the Editor on:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.15365. See also Response to this Letter at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.15850.This is a letter to Waring et al., 27, e15–e16.
Bio‐sourced polymers in cosmetic emulsions: a hidden potential of the alginates as thickeners and gelling agents
Authors: Terescenco Daria , Hadj Benali Lalia , Canivet Fabien , Benoit le Gelebart Maud , Hucher Nicolas , Gore Ecaterina , Picard Céline 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe present work aims to investigate the impact of the alginates on the texture properties of cosmetic emulsions. For this purpose, five systems were selected: a classical emulsion without polymer and four emulsions containing polymers, as texture modifiers, at the level of 1%. Two different grades of alginates were chosen: one rich in mannuronic acid and one rich in guluronic acid. The objective was also to evaluate the potential of in‐situ gelation during formulation. The guluronic rich sample was gelled to evaluate the effect on the texture properties. Finally, alginates‐based systems were compared to the xanthan gum as a bio‐sourced polymer reference.MethodsThe sensory profile of the systems was established through a combination of prediction models and sensory analysis. The emulsion residual films obtained with natural polymers, Alginates and Xanthan Gum used as thickeners, as well as with the gelled version, were similar. However, the structural differences between polymers intervene during the characterisation of the sensory properties “before” and “during” application. A multi‐scale physicochemical analysis was used to explain these differences.ResultsDue to a controlled formulation process, the use of the polymers did not affect the microstructure of the emulsion which remained similar to the control one. The main impact of the polymers was observed on the macroscopic level: both alginates showed their unique textural signature, different from the classical Xanthan Gum. Due to weak structural differences, mechanical and textural properties were very close between the mannuronic rich and guluronic rich samples, when not gelled, compared to other emulsions. However, the molar mass and the mannuronic/guluronic acids ratio were proved to be crucial for the stretching and consistency properties, showing that this structural difference may have an impact when products are handled in traction and compression.ConclusionMeanwhile, the viscoelastic properties and the dynamic viscosity were greatly increased for the emulsion containing the gelled version of the alginate when compared to the classical polymers. The emulsion was also more consistent as proved by the textural analysis, pointing at better stability and suspension potential of the gelled emulsion versus the classical one containing the usual natural thickening agents.