bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental key performance indicators: the role of regulations and stakeholder influence
Authors: Zarzycka Ewelina , Krasodomska Joanna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnvironmental protection is of vital importance and needs to be considered in the context of business strategies, including companies’ reporting decisions. This paper aims to investigate the importance of stakeholders for environmental key performance indicators (KPIs) and the significance of different types of environmental KPIs to various stakeholders. The study is based on a content analysis of the disclosures provided by large public interest companies operating in Poland. The data were processed to produce descriptive statistics as well as classification and regression trees (C&RTs). According to the study results, the sample companies provide a variety of environmental indicators, with a total of 735 KPIs identified. The research confirms the importance of stakeholders interested in environmental issues for corporate decisions regarding environmental KPI disclosure. The study contributes to the extant literature by providing new insights into the importance of different stakeholder groups for the disclosure of environmental KPIs. It may serve as an incentive for standard setters and practitioners to take a proactive approach in further developing and improving environment-related reporting regulations.
Automated vehicles and the morality of post-collision behavior
Authors: Krügel Sebastian , Uhl Matthias , Balcombe Bryn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe address the considerations of the European Commission Expert Group on the ethics of connected and automated vehicles regarding data provision in the event of collisions. While human drivers’ appropriate post-collision behavior is clearly defined, regulations for automated driving do not provide for collision detection. We agree it is important to systematically incorporate citizens’ intuitions into the discourse on the ethics of automated vehicles. Therefore, we investigate whether people expect automated vehicles to behave like humans after an accident, even if this behavior does not directly affect the consequences of the accident. We find that appropriate post-collision behavior substantially influences people’s evaluation of the underlying crash scenario. Moreover, people clearly think that automated vehicles can and should record the accident, stop at the site, and call the police. They are even willing to pay for technological features that enable post-collision behavior. Our study might begin a research program on post-collision behavior, enriching the empirically informed study of automated driving ethics that so far exclusively focuses on pre-collision behavior.
Sex Differences in Childlessness in Norway: Identification of Underlying Demographic Drivers
Authors: Kravdal Øystein 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn Norway, as in many other rich countries, childlessness is more common among men than women and has also increased more among men. Over the last 15 years, the gap in childlessness between 45-year-old women and men has widened from 5.8 to 10.2 percentage points, according to national register data. In the Norwegian-born subgroup, the gap has increased by 2.4 percentage points, from 5.8 to 8.2. The goal of the study was to identify the demographic drivers of this development, using a quite simple, but original, decomposition approach. The components reflect changes in relative cohort sizes, whether the child has one native and one immigrant parent, whether the father was older than 45, and whether one of the parents already had a child, no longer lived in Norway at age 45, or was unidentified. It was found that the modestly increasing sex gap in childlessness among the Norwegian-born is largely linked to changes in cohort sizes, i.e. fertility trends. Changes in re-partnership have actually contributed weakly in the opposite direction: It has become more common especially among men to have the first child with a partner who already had a child, and thus not contribute to bringing also that person out of childlessness. The importance of the various components is different for immigrants, among whom the sex gap in childlessness has increased particularly much. This development may also reflect that especially male immigrants perhaps have children in the home country who are not included in the Norwegian register.
Temporal prophecy for proving temporal properties of infinite-state systems
Authors: Padon Oded , Hoenicke Jochen , McMillan Kenneth L. , Podelski Andreas , Sagiv Mooly , Shoham Sharon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVarious verification techniques for temporal properties transform temporal verification to safety verification. For infinite-state systems, these transformations are inherently imprecise. That is, for some instances, the temporal property holds, but the resulting safety property does not. This paper introduces a mechanism for tackling this imprecision. This mechanism, which we call temporal prophecy, is inspired by prophecy variables. Temporal prophecy refines an infinite-state system using first-order linear temporal logic formulas, via a suitable tableau construction. For a specific liveness-to-safety transformation based on first-order logic, we show that using temporal prophecy strictly increases the precision. Furthermore, temporal prophecy leads to robustness of the proof method, which is manifested by a cut elimination theorem. We integrate our approach into the Ivy deductive verification system, and show that it can handle challenging temporal verification examples.
A Critical Analysis of Blaustein’s Polemic Against Husserl’s Method
Authors: Płotka Witold 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of the article is to define and investigate an interpretative framework for the philosophy of Leopold Blaustein, a student of Twardowski in Lwów (Lvov, Lviv) and Husserl in Freiburg im Breisgau. The author defends the thesis that it is justified to refer to Blaustein’s philosophy not as phenomenology sensu stricto, but as a phenomenologically-oriented descriptive psychology related but not equivalent to the project expounded by Husserl in the first edition of Logische Untersuchungen as well as in his project of phenomenological psychology (as formulated in 1925). The article traces Blaustein’s critique of Husserl’s phenomenological methods, putting it in the historical context of the discussion with Ingarden. Next, the author juxtaposes Blaustein’s understanding of psychology with Husserl’s project of 1925, which makes it possible to identify not only the differences between the two projects, but also their similarities. The article also raises questions about the scope of descriptive-psychological analyses.
Primary congenital glaucoma surgery: outcomes and visual function
Authors: Gusson Elena , Chemello Francesca , Longo Rosa , Franzolin Elia , Vesentini Roberta , Verlato Giuseppe , Marchini Giorgio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the long-term visual outcomes of children with PCG, irrespective of the type of surgical procedure, and to create visual acuity curves to help in predicting the development of visual function in these patients. The secondary aim is to identify associated factors for visual decline or loss, highlighting differences between neonatal and infantile subgroups.

Methods
The medical records of pediatric glaucoma patients from 1996 to 2017 at the University Hospital of Verona (Verona, Italy) were retrospectively reviewed. Visual acuities, surgeries, PCG subtype and etiology of vision impairment were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed to detect factors associated with vision decline.

Results
Sixty-seven eyes (40 patients) were included in the study. Developmental predictive curves of visual acuity showed that children with infantile PCG had a better visual outcome than children with neonatal PCG at each step of follow-up. A good-to-moderate VA (< 1 LogMAR) was achieved in 56 eyes (83.6%), while 11 eyes (16.4%) had poor VA (≥ 1 LogMAR). The age at onset, sex, number of surgeries, intraocular pressure (IOP) control (with or without antiglaucoma drugs), axial length (AL) and corneal opacities were statistically associated with vision impairment (p < 0.01). The main cause of visual impairment was amblyopia.

Conclusions
Visual outcomes of PCG significantly correlate with the age at diagnosis. Although a good long-term IOP control can often be achieved in PCG, often the visual acuity remains below the lower limits of the normal range. Poor vision in childhood is related to global developmental problems, and referral to third-level services should not be delayed to prevent vision impairment. In this regard, visual acuity curves can be a useful tool for the consultant ophthalmologist to define the visual development of children affected by PCG.
Filtration and fertilisation effects of the bivalves Mytilus edulis and Magallana gigas on the kelp Saccharina latissima in tank culture
Authors: Hargrave Matthew S. , Ekelund Anothai , Nylund Göran M. , Pavia Henrik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBiofouling by opportunistic epiphytes is a major concern in seaweed aquaculture. Colonisation of fouling organisms contributes to a reduction in algal performance as well as a lower quality crop. Further, epiphyte removal techniques often increase maintenance costs of cultivation systems. There have been a variety of methods to mitigate fouling in tank cultivations of seaweed, including the use of biological controls. Here, we present the use of filter feeding bivalves, the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas), as a novel biofilter that also serves as a source of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in tank cultivations of the sugar kelp, Saccharina latissima. We observed significant reductions of fouling epiphytes on seaweed blades of around 50% by bivalve filtration, significant elevations of ammonium (NH4+) and phosphate (PO43−) by bivalves and alterations to kelp tissue quality when co-cultivated with bivalves rather than supplied with ambient seawater. Stable isotope ratios and seawater chlorophyll a concentrations provided evidence for bivalve biofiltration and the incorporation of their by-products into kelp tissue.
Optimization Modulo the Theories of Signed Bit-Vectors and Floating-Point Numbers
Authors: Trentin Patrick , Sebastiani Roberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOptimization modulo theories (OMT) is an important extension of SMT which allows for finding models that optimize given objective functions, typically consisting in linear-arithmetic or Pseudo-Boolean terms. However, many SMT and OMT applications, in particular from SW and HW verification, require handling bit-precise representations of numbers, which in SMT are handled by means of the theory of bit-vectors ($${{\mathcal {B}}}{{\mathcal {V}}}$$

B
V

) for the integers and that of floating-point numbers ($$\mathcal {FP}$$
FP
) for the reals respectively. Whereas an approach for OMT with (unsigned) $${{\mathcal {B}}}{{\mathcal {V}}}$$

B
V

objectives has been proposed by Nadel & Ryvchin, unfortunately we are not aware of any existing approach for OMT with $$\mathcal {FP}$$
FP
objectives. In this paper we fill this gap, and we address for the first time $$\text {OMT}$$
OMT
with $$\mathcal {FP}$$
FP
objectives. We present a novel OMT approach, based on the novel concept of attractor and dynamic attractor, which extends the work of Nadel and Ryvchin to work with signed-$${{\mathcal {B}}}{{\mathcal {V}}}$$

B
V

objectives and, most importantly, with $$\mathcal {FP}$$
FP
objectives. We have implemented some novel $$\text {OMT}$$
OMT
procedures on top of OptiMathSAT and tested them on modified problems from the SMT-LIB repository. The empirical results support the validity and feasibility of our novel approach.
The evolution of Materials Acceleration Platforms: toward the laboratory of the future with AMANDA
Authors: Wagner Jerrit , Berger Christian G. , Du Xiaoyan , Stubhan Tobias , Hauch Jens A. , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe development of complex functional materials poses a multi-objective optimization problem in a large multi-dimensional parameter space. Solving it requires reproducible, user-independent laboratory work and intelligent preselection of experiments. However, experimental materials science is a field where manual routines are still predominant, although other domains like pharmacy or chemistry have long used robotics and automation. As the number of publications on Materials Acceleration Platforms (MAPs) increases steadily, we review selected systems and fit them into the stages of a general material development process to examine the evolution of MAPs. Subsequently, we present our approach to laboratory automation in materials science. We introduce AMANDA (Autonomous Materials and Device Application Platform - www.amanda-platform.com), a generic platform for distributed materials research comprising a self-developed software backbone and several MAPs. One of them, LineOne (L1), is specifically designed to produce and characterize solution-processed thin-film devices like organic solar cells (OSC). It is designed to perform precise closed-loop screenings of up to 272 device variations per day yet allows further upscaling. Each individual solar cell is fully characterized, and all process steps are comprehensively documented. We want to demonstrate the capabilities of AMANDA L1 with OSCs based on PM6:Y6 with 13.7% efficiency when processed in air. Further, we discuss challenges and opportunities of highly automated research platforms and elaborate on the future integration of additional techniques, methods and algorithms in order to advance to fully autonomous self-optimizing systems—a paradigm shift in functional materials development leading to the laboratory of the future.
Ex vivo evaluation of a multilayered sealant patch for watertight dural closure: cranial and spinal models
Authors: Kinaci A. , van Thoor S. , Redegeld S. , Tooren M. , van Doormaal T. P. C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid leakage is a frequent complication after cranial and spinal surgery. To prevent this complication and seal the dura watertight, we developed Liqoseal, a dural sealant patch comprising a watertight polyesterurethane layer and an adhesive layer consisting of poly(DL-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) copolymer and multiarmed N-hydroxylsuccinimide functionalized polyethylene glycol. We compared acute burst pressure and resistance to physiological conditions for 72 h of Liqoseal, Adherus, Duraseal, Tachosil, and Tisseel using computer-assisted models and fresh porcine dura. The mean acute burst pressure of Liqoseal in the cranial model (145 ± 39 mmHg) was higher than that of Adherus (87 ± 47 mmHg), Duraseal (51 ± 42 mmHg) and Tachosil (71 ± 16 mmHg). Under physiological conditions, cranial model resistance test results showed that 2 of 3 Liqoseal sealants maintained dural attachment during 72 hours as opposed to 3 of 3 for Adherus and Duraseal and 0 of 3 for Tachosil. The mean burst pressure of Liqoseal in the spinal model (233 ± 81 mmHg) was higher than that of Tachosil (123 ± 63 mmHg) and Tisseel (23 ± 16 mmHg). Under physiological conditions, spinal model resistance test results showed that 2 of 3 Liqoseal sealants maintained dural attachment for 72 hours as opposed to 3 of 3 for Adherus and 0 of 3 for Duraseal and Tachosil. This novel study showed that Liqoseal is capable of achieving a strong watertight seal over a dural defect in ex vivo models.
Reliability of the ASA Physical Status Classification System in Predicting Surgical Morbidity: a Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Li Gen , Walco Jeremy P. , Mueller Dorothee A. , Wanderer Jonathan P. , Freundlich Robert E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification System has been used to assess pre-anesthesia comorbid conditions for over 60 years. However, the ASA Physical Status Classification System has been criticized for its subjective nature. In this study, we aimed to assess the correlation between the ASA physical status assignment and more objective measures of overall illness.
This is a single medical center, retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent surgery between November 2, 2017 and April 22, 2020. A multivariable ordinal logistic regression model was developed to examine the relationship between the ASA physical status and Elixhauser comorbidity groups. A secondary analysis was then conducted to evaluate the capability of the model to predict 30-day postoperative mortality.
A total of 56,820 cases meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed. Twenty-seven Elixhauser comorbidities were independently associated with ASA physical status. Older patient (adjusted odds ratio, 1.39 [per 10 years of age]; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.41), male patient (adjusted odds ratio, 1.24; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.29), higher body weight (adjusted odds ratio, 1.08 [per 10 kg]; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.09), and ASA emergency status (adjusted odds ratio, 2.11; 95% CI 2.00 to 2.23) were also independently associated with higher ASA physical status assignments. Furthermore, the model derived from the primary analysis was a better predictor of 30-day mortality than the models including either single ASA physical status or comorbidity indices in isolation (p < 0.001).
We found significant correlation between ASA physical status and 27 of the 31 Elixhauser comorbidities, as well other demographic characteristics. This demonstrates the reliability of ASA scoring and its potential ability to predict postoperative outcomes. Additionally, compared to ASA physical status and individual comorbidity indices, the derived model offered better predictive power in terms of short-term postoperative mortality.
Systemic exposure following intravitreal administration of therapeutic agents: an integrated pharmacokinetic approach. 1. THR-149
Authors: Vanhove Marc , Noppen Bernard , Wagner Jean-Marc , Van Bergen Tine , Barbeaux Philippe , Stitt Alan W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntravitreal (IVT) injection of pharmacological agents is an established and widely used procedure for the treatment of many posterior segment of the eye diseases. IVT injections permit drugs to reach high concentrations in the retina whilst limiting systemic exposure. Beyond the risk of secondary complications such as intraocular infection, the potential of systemic adverse events cannot be neglected. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the rules governing systemic exposure following IVT drug administration remains a prerequisite for the evaluation and development of new pharmacological agents intended for eye delivery. We present here a novel mathematical model to describe and predict circulating drug levels following IVT in the rabbit eye, a species which is widely used for drug delivery, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic studies. The mathematical expression was derived from a pharmacokinetic model that assumes the existence of a compartment between the vitreous humor compartment itself and the systemic compartment. We show that the model accurately describes circulating levels of THR-149, a plasma kallikrein inhibitor in development for the treatment of diabetic macular edema. We hypothesize that the model based on the rabbit eye has broader relevance to the human eye and can be used to analyze systemic exposure of a variety of drugs delivered in the eye.
Discreet Signs of the Supreme Idea: On Certain Transcendent Categories in Russian and Soviet Constitutional Law
Authors: Sadowski Jakub 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyse world-view and mythological expressions in Russian and Soviet Constitutional acts that implicitly or explicitly refer to any kind of idea legitimising the shape of the state, its political system or the nature of political power. The object of the argument will be exclusively such provisions of fundamental laws which: (1) having neither a purely regulatory nor a purely programmatic character, model mental representations of the world of the legal text by reference to ‘situationally transcendent’ ideas in Mannheim’s sense (i.e. ideas which refer to a reality different from the perceived one; those that sketch visions alternative to it); (2) justify the content of the legal provision by means of such imagery, without being part of the preamble or any different integral part of the Constitution, characterised by a different ontology of the text; (3) justify the content of provisions linked to political power and/or the nature of the state. The materials of the analysis are: Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire of 1906, the Constitutional texts of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of 1924, 1936 and 1977, and the current Constitution of the Russian Federation. Consecutive Constitutions of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic are also referred to. The analysed formulations, legally irrelevant in a conventional reading of a legal text, participate in the semiosis of both the provisions that contain them and the entire texts of the fundamental laws. In this way, the Constitutions incorporate into their complex of meanings either religious expressions, mythologised ideological figures or figures of historical memory associated with collective identity.
Legitimacy of Authority and Protest Actions in Response to Collective Disadvantages
Authors: Blondé Jérôme , Iacoviello Vincenzo , Lampropoulos Dimitrios , Vétois Matthieu , Falomir Pichastor Juan Manuel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA wealth of evidence has demonstrated that individuals’ participation in collective actions largely derives from perceived group disadvantages. In the present research, we hypothesized that engagement in protest activities can be attenuated if the disadvantages originate from legitimate figures of authority. Across three experiments based on vignettes describing a hypothetical work setting (totalN = 670), we found consistent support for this prediction. In Study 1, we showed that intention to participate in a protest movement in reaction to an unfavourable distribution of outcomes was lower when legitimacy of the group’s authority was high (vs. low). In addition, a reduction in anger was found to play a mediating role. Studies 2 and 3 further demonstrated that these effects only occurred when participants were confronted with a relatively low disadvantage (as opposed to a high disadvantage). In an attempt to identify underlying mechanisms, Study 3 emphasized the moral implications that lie behind responses to high (vs. low) disadvantageous decisions and that shape resistance processes. Taken together, these findings call for more consideration for the role of group authorities in the comprehension of collective action tendencies and give insights to better understand how and when authority legitimacy can serve to perpetuate social disparities and hinders the fight against injustices.