bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction Assessed by 3D Echocardiography in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Zhang Yanting , Sun Wei , Wu Chun , Zhang Yiwei , Cui Li , Xie Yuji , Wang Bin , He Lin , Yuan Hongliang , Zhang Yongxing , Cai Yu , Li Meng , Zhang Yu , Yang Yun , Li Yuman , Wang Jing , Yang Yali , Lv Qing , Zhang Li , Xie Mingxing 
Published: February 2021

Background: RVEF (right ventricular ejection fraction) measured by three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has been used in evaluating right ventricular (RV) function and can provide useful prognostic information in other various cardiovascular diseases. However, the prognostic value of 3D-RVEF in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unknown. We aimed to investigate whether 3D-RVEF can predict the mortality of COVID-19 patients.Methods: A cohort of 128 COVID-19-confirmed patients who had undergone echocardiography were studied. Thirty-one healthy volunteers were also enrolled as controls. COVID-19 patients were divided into three subgroups (general, severe, and critical) according to COVID-19 severity-of-illness. Conventional RV structure and function parameters, RV free wall longitudinal strain (FWLS) and 3D-RVEF were acquired. RVFWLS was measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. RVEF was acquired by 3DE.Results: Compared with controls, 2D-RVFWLS and 3D-RVEF were both significantly decreased in COVID-19 patients (−27.2 ± 4.4% vs. −22.9 ± 4.8%, P &lt; 0.001; 53.7 ± 4.5% vs. 48.5 ± 5.8%, P &lt; 0.001). Critical patients were more likely to have a higher incidence of acute cardiac injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and worse prognosis than general and severe patients. The critical patients exhibited larger right-heart chambers, worse RV fractional area change (RVFAC), 2D-RVFWLS, and 3D-RVEF and higher proportion of pulmonary hypertension than general and severe patients. Eighteen patients died during a median follow-up of 91 days. The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed the acute cardiac injury, ARDS, RVFAC, RVFWLS, and 3D-RVEF were independent predictors of death. 3D-RVEF (chi-square to improve 18.3; P &lt; 0.001), RVFAC (chi-square to improve 4.5; P = 0.034) and 2D-RVFWLS (chi-square to improve 5.1; P = 0.024) all provided additional prognostic value of higher mortality over clinical risk factors. Moreover, the incremental predictive value of 3D-RVEF was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher than RVFAC and RVFWLS.Conclusion: 3D-RVEF was the most robust independent predictor of mortality in COVID-19 patients and provided a higher predictive value over conventional RV function parameters and RVFWLS, which may be helpful to identify COVID-19 patients at a higher risk of death.
Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19: 90 Days of the Pandemic in a Brazilian Public Hospital
Authors: Zamoner Welder , Santos Camilla Andrade da Silva , Magalhães Luís Eduardo , Oliveira Paula Gabriela Sousa de , Balbi André Luis , Ponce Daniela 
Published: February 2021

Renal involvement is frequent in COVID-19 (4–37%). This study evaluated the incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Methodology: This study represents a prospective cohort in a public and tertiary university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, during the first 90 days of the COVID-19 pandemic, with patients followed up until the clinical outcome (discharge or death).Results: There were 101 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, of which 51.9% were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The overall AKI incidence was 50%; 36.8% had hematuria or proteinuria (66.6% of those with AKI), 10.2% had rhabdomyolysis, and mortality was 36.6%. Of the ICU patients, AKI occurred in 77.3% and the mortality was 65.4%. The mean time for the AKI diagnosis was 6 ± 2 days, and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) stage 3 AKI was the most frequent (58.9%). Acute renal replacement therapy was indicated in 61.5% of patients. The factors associated with AKI were obesity [odds ratio (OR) 1.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–2.76, p &lt; 0.05] and the APACHE II score (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.08–2.64, p &lt; 0.05). Mortality was higher in the elderly (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.66, p &lt; 0.05), in those with the highest APACHE II score (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.98, p &lt; 0.05), and in the presence of KDIGO stage 3 AKI (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05–2.57, p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: AKI associated with severe COVID-19 in this Brazilian cohort was more frequent than Chinese, European, and North American data, and the risk factors associated with its development were obesity and higher APACHE II scores. Mortality was high, mainly in elderly patients, in those with a more severe disease manifestation, and in those who developed KDIGO stage 3 AKI.
Causes of Pruritus in Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Melanomas or Skin Carcinomas
Authors: Salinas Nadia , Nowak Emmanuel , Etienne Maxime , Legoupil Delphine , Fouchard Maxime , Brenaut Emilie , Misery Laurent 
Published: February 2021

Background: Pruritus is a frequent adverse event during the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), with a frequency estimated to be between 11 and 47%. The underlying causes remain poorly understood.Objectives: The main goal was to search for putative causes of pruritus occurring in patients treated with ICIs for melanomas and cutaneous carcinomas. Other objectives were to assess the association between the occurrence of pruritus and survival and between the occurrence of pruritus and other adverse events.Methods: A monocentric retrospective descriptive study was performed using data for patients treated with ICIs (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, and cemiplimab) between August 2010 and November 2019.Results: A total of 181 patients were included (mean age: 69 years). Pruritus was reported by 25 patients (13.8%). We were able to determine three subgroups of pruritus causes under ICI use: pruritus directly related to immunotherapy, pruritus indirectly related through other pruritus-inducing side effects and pruritus unrelated to ICIs. In 6/25 patients, no more specific cause of pruritus was found at the onset of pruritus or in their backgrounds, other than ICI use.Limitations: The study has some limitations due to unicentric and retrospective design.Conclusion: Pruritus was found in 25/181 patients in this series; only in 6/25 patients no potential cause other than ICI could be found, and pruritus was not associated with differences in survival.
Assessment of Neuroprotective Effects of Low-Intensity Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation in a Parkinson’s Disease Rat Model by Fractional Anisotropy and Relaxation Time T2∗ Value
Authors: Dong Yanchao , Liu Defeng , Zhao Yuemei , Yuan Yi , Wang Wenxi , Wu Shuo , Liang Xin , Wang Zhanqiu , Liu Lanxiang 
Published: February 2021

Background: Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound (LITUS) may have a therapeutic effect on Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients to some extent. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and relaxation time T2∗ that indicate the integrity of fiber tracts and iron concentrations in brain tissue have been used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of LITUS.Purpose: This study aims to use FA and T2∗ values to evaluate the therapeutic effects of LITUS in a PD rat model.Materials and Methods: Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a hemi-PD group (n = 10) and a LITUS group (n = 10). Single-shot spin echo echo-planar imaging and fast low-angle shot T2WI sequences at 3.0 T were used. The FA and T2∗ values on the right side of the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta were measured to evaluate the therapeutic effect of LITUS in the rats.Results: One week after PD-like signs were induced in the rats, the FA value in the LITUS group was significantly larger compared with the PD group (0.214 ± 0.027 vs. 0.340 ± 0.032, t = 2.864, P = 0.011). At the 5th and 6th weeks, the FA values in the LITUS group were significantly smaller compared with the PD group (5th week: 0.290 ± 0.037 vs. 0.405 ± 0.027, t = 2.385, P = 0.030; 6th week: 0.299 ± 0.021 vs. 0.525 ± 0.028, t = 6.620, P &lt; 0.0001). In the 5th and 6th weeks, the T2∗ values in the injected right SN of the LITUS group were significantly higher compared with the PD group (5th week, 12.169 ± 0.826 in the LITUS group vs. 7.550 ± 0.824 in the PD group; 6th week, 11.749 ± 0.615 in the LITUS group vs. 7.550 ± 0.849 in the PD group).Conclusion: LITUS had neuroprotective effects and can reduce the damage of 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in hemi-PD rats. The combination of FA and T2∗ assessments can potentially serve as a new and effective method to evaluate the therapeutic effects of LITUS.
Overweight in Rural Quilombola and Non-quilombola Adolescents From the Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Cairo Stefanie M. C. , Teixeira Camila S. S. , da Silva Tainan O. , da Silva Etna K. P. , Martins Poliana C. , Bezerra Vanessa M. , de Medeiros Danielle S. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Overweight is an emerging problem among children and adolescents that leads to the development of several morbidities and health risks. Overweight occurs differently in different populations, especially in vulnerable groups like the rural and quilombola communities (an African-descendant population). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight and to investigate the possible associated factors in rural adolescents living in both quilombola and non-quilombola communities in Northeast Brazil.Methods: This study is a population-based cross-sectional study with a household approach carried out in 2015 with 390 adolescents (age 10–19 years) living in rural quilombola and non-quilombola communities. The nutritional status was gauged using z-scores calculated for body mass index (BMI) and varies with gender and age. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to establish associations between the results and explained variables. The multivariate analysis followed a model with a hierarchical entry of covariables controlled by gender and age.Results: The study showed that 18.5% of rural adolescents were overweight, of which 17.9% were quilombolas and 19.0% were non-quilombolas. A significant difference in overweight between the samples was not found. In the multivariate-adjusted model, age ≥16 years (PR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28–0.95), the habit of having regular breakfast (PR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35–0.98), and process of attending school (PR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.17–0.71) were associated with a lower prevalence of overweight. Stationary screen time, in contrast, was associated with a higher prevalence (PR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.05–2.46). The process of attending school was associated with a lower prevalence of overweight (PR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09–0.69), even for the quilombolas.Conclusions: A low prevalence of overweight was identified in rural adolescents. Overweight was significantly associated with the habit of having regular breakfast, older age, stationary screen time, and the process of attending school. The results reveal that school is a potential space for health promotion interventions, specifically in the most vulnerable rural regions, such as the quilombola communities. Besides, the study emphasizes the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle early in life, including cultivating the habit of having regular breakfast and reducing stationary screen time.
Carbon Dioxide vs. Air Insufflation for Pediatric Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ji Chunwang , Liu Xue , Huang Peng 
Published: February 2021

Background: Carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation during gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures has gained popularity in adults. However, its utility in pediatric patients is not known. The current review aimed to compare the efficacy of CO2 vs. air insufflation for GI endoscopic procedures in pediatric patients.Methods: The electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CENTRAL were searched from the inception of databases to 15th August 2020.Results: All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CO2 vs. air insufflation for GI endoscopic procedures in pediatric patients were eligible for inclusion. Five RCTs were identified. Pooled analysis of data from 226 patients in the CO2 group and 224 patients in the air group revealed that patients receiving CO2 insufflation were at a lower odds of experiencing postoperative pain as compared to those undergoing the procedure with air (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.87; I2 = 62%; p = 0.02). Descriptive analysis indicated no difference in the two groups for abdominal distention after the procedure. Two trials reported elevated CO2 in the study group but without any pulmonary complications. Bloating was reported by two studies and both reported significantly less bloating in the CO2 group.Conclusion: Our study indicates that the incidence of pain may be reduced with the use of CO2 insufflation in pediatric GI endoscopies without a significant risk of adverse events. However, current evidence is from a limited number of trials and not strong to recommend a routine of CO2 in pediatric gastroenterology practice. Further high-quality RCTs are required to supplement current evidence.
Higher Circulating miR-199a-5p Indicates Poor Aerobic Exercise Capacity and Associates With Cardiovascular Dysfunction During Chronic Exposure to High Altitude
Authors: Huang He , Xie Shenwei , Gu Xiaolan , Xiang Bin , Zhong Zhifeng , Huang Pei , Gao Yuqi , Li Peng 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundHypoxia-induced decline in exercise capacity is ubiquitous among lowlanders who immigrated to high altitudes, which severely reduces their work efficiency and quality of life. Although studies have revealed that hypoxia-induced cardiovascular dysfunction limits exercise capacity at high altitudes, the mechanisms have not been well explored at the molecular level. miR-199a-5p is hypoxia-sensitive and serves as an important regulator in cardiovascular pathophysiology. However, whether miR-199a-5p is involved in cardiovascular dysfunction at high altitudes and contributes to subsequent reductions in exercise capacity remains unknown. Thus, this study aimed at exploring these relationships in a high altitude population.MethodsA total of 175 lowlanders who had immigrated to an altitude of 3,800 m 2 years previously participated in the present study. The level of plasma miR-199a-5p and the concentration of serum myocardial enzymes were detected by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Indices of cardiovascular function were examined by echocardiography. The exercise capacity was evaluated by Cooper’s 12-min run test and the Harvard Step Test. Furthermore, we explored the biological functions of miR-199a-5p with silico analysis and a biochemical test.ResultsThe level of miR-199a-5p was significantly higher in individuals with poor exercise capacity at 3,800 m, compared with those with good exercise capacity (p &lt; 0.001). miR-199a-5p accurately identified individuals with poor exercise capacity (AUC = 0.752, p &lt; 0.001). The level of miR-199a-5p was positively correlated with cardiovascular dysfunction indices (all, p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, miR-199a-5p was involved in the oxidative stress process.ConclusionIn this study, we reported for the first time that the level of circulating miR-199a-5p was positively associated with exercise capacity during chronic hypoxia at high altitudes. Moreover, higher miR-199a-5p was involved in hypoxia-induced cardiovascular dysfunctions, thus contributing to poorer exercise endurance at high altitudes.
Mediating Effect of Hope on the Relationship Between Depression and Recovery in Persons With Schizophrenia
Authors: Sari Sri Padma , Agustin Murti , Wijayanti Diyan Yuli , Sarjana Widodo , Afrikhah Umi , Choe Kwisoon 
Published: February 2021

Background: Depression and hope are considered pivotal variables in the recovery process of people with schizophrenia.Aim: This study examined the moderating effect of depression on the relationship between hope and recovery, and the mediating effect of hope on the relationship between depression and recovery in persons with schizophrenia.Methods: The model was tested empirically using the data of 115 persons with schizophrenia from Central Java Province, Indonesia. The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Hope Scale-9, and Recovery Assessment Scale were used to measure participants' depression, hope, and recovery, respectively.Results: The findings supported the hypothesis that depression moderates the relationship between hope and recovery, and hope mediates the relationship between depression and recovery.Conclusions: The findings suggest that mental health professionals need to focus on instilling hope and reducing depression to help improve the recovery of persons with schizophrenia. Furthermore, mental health professionals should actively develop and implement programs to instill hope and continuously evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions, particularly in community-based and in-patient mental health settings.
Clinical Characteristics and CT Findings in 148 Non-COVID-19 Influenza-Like Illness Cases: A Retrospective Control Study
Authors: Shuai Weizheng , Chen Xuxin , Shan Yi , Li Wenping , Ma Wei , Lu Qiaohui , Li Dawei 
Published: February 2021

Background: This study was to collect clinical features and computed tomography (CT) findings of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) cases, and to evaluate the correlation between clinical data and the abnormal chest CT in patients with the Influenza-Like Illness symptoms.Methods: Patients with the Influenza-Like Illness symptoms who attended the emergency department of The Six Medical Center of The PLA General Hospital from February 10 to April 1, 2020 were enrolled. Clinical and imaging data of the enrolled patients were collected and analyzed. The association between clinical characteristics and abnormal chest CT was also analyzed.Results: A total of 148 cases were enrolled in this study. Abnormalities on chest CT were detected in 61/148 (41.2%) patients. The most common abnormal CT features were as follows: patchy consolidation 22/61(36.1%), ground-glass opacities 21/61(34.4%), multifocal consolidations 17/61(27.9%). The advanced age and underlying diseases were significantly associated with abnormal chest CT.Conclusions: Abnormal chest CT is a common condition in Influenza-Like Illness cases. The presence of advanced age and concurrent underlying diseases is significantly associated with abnormal chest CT findings in patients with ILI symptoms. The chest CT characteristic of ILI is different from the manifestation of COVID-19 infection, which is helpful for differential diagnosis.
The Influence of Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays on Balance Outcomes and Training Paradigms: A Systematic Review
Authors: Soltani Pooya , Andrade Renato 
Published: February 2021

Background: Falls are the leading causes of (non)fatal injuries in older adults. Recent research has developed interventions that aim to improve balance in older adults using virtual reality (VR).Purpose: We aimed to investigate the validity, reliability, safety, feasibility, and efficacy of head mounted display (HMD) systems for assessing and training balance in older adults.Methods: We searched EBSCOhost, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases until 1 September 2020 to find studies that used HMD systems for assessing or training balance. The methodological quality was assessed using a modified version of Downs and Black. We also appraised the risk of bias using Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS).Results: A total of 19 articles (637 participants) were included for review. Despite heterogenous age ranges and clinical conditions across studies, VR HMD systems were valid to assess balance and could be useful for fall prevention and for improving postural control and gait patterns. These systems also have the capacity to differentiate healthy and balance-impaired individuals. During VR versions of traditional balance tests, older adults generally acquire a cautious behavior and take more time to complete the tasks.Conclusion: VR HMD systems can offer ecologically valid scenarios to assess and train functional balance and can be used alone or in addition to other interventions. New norms and protocols should be defined according to participants' age, health status, and severity of their illness when using VR HMD systems for balance assessment and training. For safe and feasible training, attention must be given to display type, VR elements and scenarios, duration of exposure, and system usability. Due to high risk of bias and overall poor quality of the studies, further research is needed on the effectiveness of HMD VR training in older adults.
THE NEED TO COPY THE ARTWORK OF EMINENT PAINTERS WHEN TRAINING JEWELLERY DESIGNERS
Authors: Maksimova-Anohina Ye. N. 
Published: February 2021

This article discusses the techniques of copying in art, types of copies and copyright repetitions from works of art. Recommendations are given for independent work on a copy. The techniques of making copies from reproductions of works of famous artists with various art materials and various copying options, as well as copying jewellery sketches and jewellery are considered. The tasks and problems of copying, considered in
the article, are useful for studying educational material on the subject “Painting” and “Colour composition in jewelry and art products and products of decorative and applied art” for students in the Russian direction of preparation: 54.03.02 “Decorative and applied art and folk crafts” and 03.54.03 “The art of costume and
textiles”.
Una antropología construida desde la pluralidad y el activismo. Entrevista a la Dra. Sofía Tiscornia
Authors: Bianciotto María Laura 
Published: February 2021

En el marco de la publicación del DOSSIER Antropología jurídica: Investigar el campo penal desde una perspectiva local, llevamos adelante esta entrevista con el objetivo central de dar cuenta del recorrido realizado por la Dra. Sofía Tiscornia dentro de la disciplina, en articulación con el desarrollo de un campo específico y su involucramiento con el movimiento de DD. HH que implicó un ejercicio profesional que traspuso las fronteras académicas y universitarias. Es, para nosotros y nosotras, una referencia insoslayable en nuestra formación y conformación como espacio de trabajo dentro de la Antropología en Rosario.
Sofía Tiscornia es Doctora en Antropología Social por la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Profesora Titular Consulta del Departamento de Ciencias Antropológicas, de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). Directora del Equipo de Antropología Política y Jurídica (UBA). Ha dirigido programas de investigación sobre justicia, violencia policial y derechos humanos; ha sido coordinadora de programas de investigación e intercambio académico con centros de postgraduación de universidades de Brasil. Ha coordinado programas de investigación en convenio con el Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales (CELS). Es autora de libros y publicaciones científicas. Ha sido perito antropóloga ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en los casos Bulacio, W. v/ Argentina; Iván Torres Millacura v/ Argentina; Mendoza y otros v/ Argentina y Fernández Prieto y Tumbeiro v./Argentina.
Generosamente, nos brindó su tiempo para relatarnos sus experiencias y avatares que compartimos aquí.
La entrevista ha sido realizada en septiembre de 2020 por Ma. Laura Bianciotto, en representación del área de Antropología Jurídica de la Escuela de Antropología, Facultad de Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional de Rosario