bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land-use and Land-cover Changes in Pastoral Drylands: Long-term Dynamics, Economic Change, and Shifting Socioecological Frontiers in Baringo, Kenya
Authors: Greiner Clemens , Vehrs Hauke-Peter , Bollig Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe ongoing fragmentation of pastoral drylands is a matter of concern throughout Africa. Using the example of rangelands in northern Baringo County, Kenya, that were under uniform pastoral use until the late twentieth century, we trace land-use and land-cover changes (LULCCs) since the 1980s. Based on ethnographic, historical, and remote sensing data, we show how bush encroachment and dryland farming have led to the increasing modification and conversion of formerly open rangelands and the diversification of livelihoods. These LULCC dynamics are related to and driven not only by internal processes of socioeconomic change (e.g., sedentarization, changing rangeland management practices, growing markets for small stock, increasing stratification and cultural differentiation) but also by ecological processes such as wildlife defaunation and ecological invasions. Based on our findings, we suggest that a socioecological approach to Kopytoff’s notion of the internal African frontier can be helpful in framing these LULCC-related dynamics.
Defense Suppression through Interplant Communication Depends on the Attacking Herbivore Species
Authors: Marmolejo Laura O. , Thompson Morgan N. , Helms Anjel M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn response to herbivory, plants emit volatile compounds that play important roles in plant defense. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) can deter herbivores, recruit natural enemies, and warn other plants of possible herbivore attack. Following HIPV detection, neighboring plants often respond by enhancing their anti-herbivore defenses, but a recent study found that herbivores can manipulate HIPV-interplant communication for their own benefit and suppress defenses in neighboring plants. Herbivores induce species-specific blends of HIPVs and how these different blends affect the specificity of plant defense responses remains unclear. Here we assessed how HIPVs from zucchini plants (Cucurbita pepo) challenged with different herbivore species affect resistance in neighboring plants. Volatile “emitter” plants were damaged by one of three herbivore species: saltmarsh caterpillars (Estigmene acrea), squash bugs (Anasa tristis), or striped cucumber beetles (Acalymma vittatum), or were left as undamaged controls. Neighboring “receiver” plants were exposed to HIPVs or control volatiles and then challenged by the associated herbivore species. As measures of plant resistance, we quantified herbivore feeding damage and defense-related phytohormones in receivers. We found that the three herbivore species induced different HIPV blends from squash plants. HIPVs induced by saltmarsh caterpillars suppressed defenses in receivers, leading to greater herbivory and lower defense induction compared to controls. In contrast, HIPVs induced by cucumber beetles and squash bugs did not affect plant resistance to subsequent herbivory in receivers. Our study shows that herbivore species identity affects volatile-mediated interplant communication in zucchini, revealing a new example of herbivore defense suppression through volatile cues.
Adoption patterns over time: a replication
Authors: Appel Gil , Muller Eitan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBased on new data, we replicate Mahajan et al.’s (1990) paper on adopter categories and Goldenberg et al.’s (2002) paper on saddles and offer explanations and extensions. We use a new dataset to replicate the results, namely, the U.S. Consumer Technology Association’s Sales & Forecasts, which provides longitudinal data on numerous consumer electronic products. Goldenberg, Libai, and Muller utilized the same source for 1999, while we use the updated 2021 report for the adopter category as well as the saddle replication, thus employing the same data source for both studies. We find that in the adoption of consumer electronics, there are fewer saddles, and these saddles are shorter and shallower in 2021 than they were in 1999. Regarding adopter categories, we break the data down by decades and show that, while the early adopter categories just barely decelerated over the six decades of our analysis, the average growth of the new dataset is much faster, with the peak occurring considerably sooner than that of the earlier data.
A Delay-Tolerant Data Congestion Avoidance Algorithm for Enterprise Cloud System Based on Modular Computing
Authors: Yuan Kaiyin , Wang Feng , Marszalek Zbigniew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTraditional large-scale enterprise cloud system has the problem of large delay. Therefore, a delay tolerant data congestion avoidance algorithm based on modular computing is designed. The resource allocation rules of rbfr strategy in traditional enterprise cloud are improved to change the traditional interactive overall mode and make it modular.Using modular thinking to construct the data congestion control algorithm, mainly in the control layer to achieve the model, through the introduction of ant colony algorithm in modularization, the design of delay tolerant data congestion avoidance algorithm is realized. In order to verify the algorithm’s congestion avoidance effect, comparative experiments are designed. Experimental results show that the packet loss rate of large enterprise cloud system under this algorithm is lower than that of traditional delay tolerant data congestion avoidance algorithm.
The TWEAK/Fn14/CD163 axis—implications for metabolic disease
Authors: Ratajczak Wiktoria , Atkinson Sarah D , Kelly Catriona 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTWEAK (tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis) is a member of the TNF superfamily that controls a multitude of cellular events including proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. TWEAK control of these events is via an expanding list of intracellular signalling pathways which include NF-κB, ERK/MAPK, Notch, EGFR and AP-1. Two receptors have been identified for TWEAK – Fn14, which targets the membrane bound form of TWEAK, and CD163, which scavenges the soluble form of TWEAK. TWEAK appears to elicit specific events based on the receptor to which it binds, tissue type in which it is expressed, specific extrinsic conditions, and the presence of other cytokines. TWEAK signalling is protective in healthy tissues, but in chronic inflammatory states become detrimental to the tissue. Consistent data show a role for the TWEAK/FN14/CD163 axis in metabolic disease, chronic autoimmune diseases, and acute ischaemic stroke. Low circulating concentrations of soluble TWEAK are predictive of poor cardiovascular outcomes in those with and without diabetes. This review details the current understanding of the TWEAK/Fn14/CD163 axis as one of the chief regulators of immune signalling and its cell-specific role in metabolic disease development and progression.
The fittingness of emotions
Authors: Naar Hichem 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe often assess emotions as appropriate or inappropriate depending on certain evaluative aspects of the world. Often using the term ‘fittingness’ as equivalent to ‘appropriateness’, many philosophers of emotion take fittingness assessments of emotions to be a broadly representational matter. On this sort of view, an emotion is fitting or appropriate just in case there is a kind of representational match between the emotion and the object, a matching analogous to truth for belief (or veridicality for perception). This view provides an account of the relationship between emotion and value that many have found plausible. In this paper, I argue that the fittingness of emotions should not be understood in representational terms. Rather, as is common in the literature on fittingness, we should interpret the notion in normative terms. After providing four arguments against the representational interpretation, and for a normative interpretation, of emotional fittingness, I discuss two ways to develop the normative picture of emotional fittingness. I also clarify the relevant issues that will have to be tackled by philosophers of emotion in the future, issues which cannot be tackled without attending to action theory and the philosophy of normativity.
Generation and characterization of a Myh6-driven Cre knockin mouse line
Authors: Huang Xinyan , Yan Lei , Kou Shan , Meng Jufeng , Lu Zhengkai , Lin Chao-Po , Liu Chen , Zhang Hui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGene deletion by the Cre-Loxp system has facilitated functional studies of many critical genes in mice, offering important insights and allowing deeper understanding on the mechanisms underlying organ development and diseases, such as heart development and diseases. In this study, we generated a Myh6-Cre knockin mouse model by inserting the IRES-Cre-wpre-polyA cassette between the translational stop codon and the 3′ untranslated region of the endogenous Myh6 gene. By crossing knockin mice with the Rosa26 reporter lines, we found that Myh6-Cre targeted cardiomyocytes at the embryonic and postnatal stages. In addition, we were able to inactivate the desmosome gene Desmoplakin (Dsp) by breeding Myh6-Cre mice with a conditional Dspflox knockout mouse line, which resulted in embryonic lethality during the mid-term pregnancy. These results suggest that the new Myh6-Cre mouse line can serve as a robust tool to dissect the distinct roles of genes involved in heart development and function.
SARS-CoV-2 adsorption on suspended solids along a sewerage network: mathematical model formulation, sensitivity analysis, and parametric study
Authors: Kostoglou Margaritis , Petala Maria , Karapantsios Thodoris , Dovas Chrysostomos , Roilides Emmanuel , Metallidis Simeon , Papa Anna , Stylianidis Efstratios , Papadopoulos Agis , Papaioannou Nikolaos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAccounting for SARS-CoV-2 adsorption on solids suspended in wastewater is a necessary step towards the reliable estimation of virus shedding rate in a sewerage system, based on measurements performed at a terminal collection station, i.e., at the entrance of a wastewater treatment plant. This concept is extended herein to include several measurement stations across a city to enable the estimation of spatial distribution of virus shedding rate. This study presents a pioneer general model describing the most relevant physicochemical phenomena with a special effort to reduce the complicated algebra. This is performed both in the topology regime, introducing a discrete-continuous approach, and in the domain of independent variables, introducing a monodisperse moment method to reduce the dimensionality of the resulting population balance equations. The resulting simplified model consists of a large system of ordinary differential equations. A sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to some key parameters for a single pipe topology. Specific numerical techniques are employed for the integration of the model. Finally, a parametric case study for an indicative—yet realistic—sewerage piping system is performed to show how the model is applied to SARS-CoV-2 adsorption on wastewater solids in the presence of other competing species. This is the first model of this kind appearing in scientific literature and a first step towards setting up an inverse problem to assess the spatial distribution of virus shedding rate based on its concentration in wastewater.
Deconstruction of Discernment in Child Euthanasia
Authors: Pusterla Elia R.G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBelgian law on child euthanasia uses the concept of discernment to bestow the right to die to minors. Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction of oppositional logic grasps the ambiguity of this use of discernment and generally challenges the alleged force of a textual sign meaningfully to differentiate itself from its different and meaninglesselse. This alleged ability to discern the presence of discernment impinges the truth-value of the distinction between worthy/unworthy lives. The resultingundecidabilitymorally suggests the respect forothernessand promotes the moral value of the suspension of arbitrary judgment (epokhē) and, in so doing, de facto converges towards the praxis of the doctrine of the sanctity of life that embraces the ‘life is always quality’ argument.
The rule of law and the EU’s response mechanisms in case of violation: a Romanian Case Study
Authors: Dumbrava Horatius 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe judgment of the European Court of Justice of 18 May 2021 obliges Romania to review the judicial reform of 2017 – 2019. Otherwise the European Commission may activate the safeguard mechanisms provided by Arts. 37 and 38 of the Treaty of Accession of Romania to the European Union.The jurisprudence of the Court of Justice in all preliminary rulings relating to this Romanian judicial reform will have effects and will be an essential benchmark regarding the mechanisms established by the European Commission for all Member States relating to the rule of law - namely, the Rule of Law Mechanism and Regulation no. 2020/2092.
Developing genetic counselling services in an underdeveloped healthcare setting
Authors: Ciucă Andrada , Moldovan Ramona , Băban Adriana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGenetic counselling services are well established in North America, Western Europe and Australia. In other regions, genetic counselling services are still emerging. Where this is the case, an in-depth understanding of the main stakeholders’ needs, challenges and opportunities will inform the changes and innovations required to bring genetic counselling closer to the community. The present study explored the needs and challenges of patients, family members and professionals with a view to setting up a cancer genetic counselling service in Romania. In order to get a comprehensive outlook, key stakeholders were interviewed using data source triangulation method. Thirty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted (13 patients, 11 family members and 10 professionals). Thematic analysis was used to explore and identify needs, barriers and opportunities in emerging cancer genetic counselling services. Three major themes were identified: (1) the “Needs” theme mainly focuses on various types of support that participants mentioned wanting: psychosocial, peer and additional support; (2) the “Challenges” theme includes aspects related to limited access to healthcare, lack of integrated services and pressure on the families; (3) the “Hopes” theme highlights the wish for integrated healthcare and an empathic rapport with healthcare providers. Our findings highlighted the main needs, challenges and hopes the patients, family members and professionals have and provides the groundwork for setting up cancer genetic counselling services.
Hybrid Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Nanogenerators for Mechanical Energy Harvesting: A Review
Authors: Vidal João V. , Slabov Vladislav , Kholkin Andrei L. , dos Santos Marco P. Soares 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMotion-driven electromagnetic-triboelectric energy generators (E-TENGs) hold a great potential to provide higher voltages, higher currents and wider operating bandwidths than both electromagnetic and triboelectric generators standing alone. Therefore, they are promising solutions to autonomously supply a broad range of highly sophisticated devices. This paper provides a thorough review focused on major recent breakthroughs in the area of electromagnetic-triboelectric vibrational energy harvesting. A detailed analysis was conducted on various architectures including rotational, pendulum, linear, sliding, cantilever, flexible blade, multidimensional and magnetoelectric, and the following hybrid technologies. They enable highly efficient ways to harvest electric energy from many forms of vibrational, rotational, biomechanical, wave, wind and thermal sources, among others. Open-circuit voltages up to 75 V, short-circuit currents up to 60 mA and instantaneous power up to 144 mW were already achieved by these nanogenerators. Their transduction mechanisms, including proposed models to make intelligible the involved physical phenomena, are also overviewed here. A comprehensive analysis was performed to compare their respective construction designs, external excitations and electric outputs. The results highlight the potential of hybrid E-TENGs to convert unused mechanical motion into electric energy for both large- and small-scale applications. Finally, this paper proposes future research directions toward optimization of energy conversion efficiency, power management, durability and stability, packaging, energy storage, operation input, research of transduction mechanisms, quantitative standardization, system integration, miniaturization and multi-energy hybrid cells.
Continuous synthesis of bromoalkyl glycosides by Fischer glycosylation in a microreactor
Authors: Jung Jessica , Kaiser Lars , Deigner Hans-Peter , Schmidt Magnus S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, bromoalkyl glycosides were successfully synthesized in microreactor scale by Fischer glycosylation. Yields between 24 and 40% after purification were achieved using various acidic catalysts and conditions. In some experiments, yields 180% higher than with previously known methods could be achieved. This study showed also that reversed-phase flash chromatography is more successful than normal-phase flash chromatography for the purification of bromoalkyl glycosides. Furthermore, longer bromoalcohols were shown to be more compatible than shorter bromoalcohols under these reaction conditions.
Ebselen, a multi-target compound: its effects on biological processes and diseases
Authors: Lu Qianqian , Cai Yi , Xiang Chenyan , Wu Tao , Zhao Ying , Wang Jun , Wang Helen , Zou Lili 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ebselen is a well-known synthetic compound mimicking glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which catalyses some vital reactions that protect against oxidative damage. Based on a large number of in vivo and in vitro studies, various mechanisms have been proposed to explain its actions on multiple targets. It targets thiol-related compounds, including cysteine, glutathione, and thiol proteins (e.g., thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase). Owing to this, ebselen is a unique multifunctional agent with important effects on inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, cell differentiation, immune regulation and neurodegenerative disease, with anti-microbial, detoxifying and anti-tumour activity. This review summarises the current understanding of the multiple biological processes and molecules targeted by ebselen, and its pharmacological applications.
Gaia EDR3 parallaxes of type I X-ray bursters and their implications on the models of type I X-ray bursts: A generic approach to the Gaia parallax zero point and its uncertainty
Authors: Ding Hao , Deller Adam T. , Miller-Jones James C. A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Light curves of photospheric radius expansion (PRE) bursts, a subset of type I X-ray bursts, have been used as standard candles to estimate the ‘nominal PRE distances’ for 63% of PRE bursters (bursters), assuming PRE burst emission is spherically symmetric. Model-independent geometric parallaxes of bursters provide a valuable chance to test models of PRE bursts (PRE models) and can be provided in some cases by Gaia astrometry of the donor stars in bursters. We searched for counterparts to 115 known bursters in the Gaia Early Data Release 3 and confirmed 4 bursters with Gaia counterparts that have detected (

$\gt\!3\,\sigma$

, prior to zero-point correction) parallaxes. We describe a generic approach to the Gaia parallax zero point as well as its uncertainty using an ensemble of Gaia quasars individually determined for each target. Assuming the spherically symmetric PRE model is correct, we refined the resultant nominal PRE distances of three bursters (i.e. Cen

$\textrm{X}-4$

, Cyg

$\textrm{X}-2$

, and

$4\textrm{U}\,0919-54$

) and put constraints on their compositions of the nuclear fuel powering the bursts. Finally, we describe a method for testing the correctness of the spherically symmetric PRE model using parallax measurements and provide preliminary results.
Host plant ranges of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Madagascar
Authors: Rasolofoarivao H. , Raveloson Ravaomanarivo L. H. , Delatte H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAgriculture is one of the major farming activities, representing 32% of the gross domestic product of Madagascar and 74.3% of the population is involved in this activity. Fruit flies of the Tephritidae family are considered as the most destructive pests for agriculture in the country, nevertheless, few data exist on host plants and distribution of those pests. In the present study, we address those questions by conducting a large survey between November 2016 and July 2018 across the six agroecological regions of Madagascar. Fruit and vegetable were sampled from 198 plant species (wild and cultivated) and represented 37,965 fruits from all regions of Madagascar. The infestation index ranged from 0.06 to 538.46 pupae/kg, the infestation percentage was up to 54.84% in some samples, 63 plant species were considered as host of Tephritidae. Twelve fruit fly species were identified, seven of which were previously described as endemic, five species could be considered as widespread (altitudinal gradients between 1 and 1634 m asl) and major pests in Madagascar:Ceratitis malgassa(23 plant species from 12 families),Neoceratitis cyanescens(16 plant species from one family),Bactrocera dorsalis(18 plant species from 12 families),Dacus demmerezi(ten plant species from one family),Dacus vertebratus(six species from one family). Those results are of importance for implementation of control measures.
The conservation and ecology of the British Virgin Islands endemic tree, Vachellia anegadensis
Authors: Bárrios Sara , Dufke Maria , Hamilton Martin , Cowan Robyn , Woodfield-Pascoe Nancy , Dalsgaard Bo , Hawkins Julie , Clubbe Colin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNumerous island species have gone extinct and many extant, but threatened, island endemics require ongoing monitoring of their conservation status. The small tree Vachellia anegadensis was formerly thought to occur only on the limestone island of Anegada in the British Virgin Islands and was categorized as Critically Endangered. However, in 2008 it was discovered on the volcanic island of Fallen Jerusalem, c. 35 km from Anegada, and in 2018 it was recategorized as Endangered. To inform conservation interventions, we examined the species’ distribution, genetic population structure, dependency on pollinators and preferred habitat, and documented any threats. We found V. anegadensis to be locally widespread on Anegada but uncommon on Fallen Jerusalem and established that geographical location does not predict genetic differentiation amongst populations. Vachellia anegadensis produces the highest number of seed pods when visited by animal pollinators, in particular Lepidoptera. Introduced animals and disturbance by humans appear to be the main threats to V. anegadensis, and in situ conservation is critical for the species’ long-term survival.