bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taking Advantage of Ortho‐ and Peri‐Substitution to Design Nine‐Membered P,O,Si‐heterocycles**
Authors: Delouche Thomas , Caytan Elsa , Quinton Cassandre , Roisnel Thierry , Cordier Marie , Dorcet Vincent , Hissler Muriel , Bouit Pierre‐Antoine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA family of cyclic phosphine‐disiloxane featuring peri‐substituted naphthyl(Nap)/acenaphthyl(Ace) scaffolds has been prepared and fully characterized including X‐ray structure, which enables a detailed structural analysis. This straightforward synthesis takes advantage of both ortho‐ and peri‐substitution of Nap/Ace‐substituted phosphine oxides. The synthetic method allows diversifying the polycyclic aromatic platform (Nap and Ace) as well as the Si substituents (Me and Ph). Despite a strong steric congestion, the P‐atom remains reactive toward oxidation or coordination. In particular, Au(I) complex could be prepared. All the compounds display absorption/luminescence in the UV‐Vis range. Surprisingly, the P‐trivalent derivatives display unexpected luminescence in the green in solid‐state.
A novel retarded HCl acid system for HPHT carbonate acidizing applications: Experimental study
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Farid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRetarded acid systems for high‐pressure and high‐temperature (HPHT) carbonate reservoirs are the key to provide a deep acid penetration and higher acid efficiency. The current study experimentally evaluates a new retarded HCl acid for HPHT carbonate acidizing applications. The acid retardation mechanism is attained by using a polymeric resin‐based composition that restricts the proton mobility of the acid species. Ten Indiana limestone cores were used with the dimensions of 6 in (0.15 m) length and 1.5 in (0.038 m) diameter and average permeability of 9 mD (0.009 ). Two sets of experiments were conducted, one at 250°F (394 K) and another at 300°F (422 K), with acid injection rates from 0.5–10 cm3/min (8.3E−9 to 1.67E−7 m3/s). The pore volume of acid required to breakthrough (PVBT) was monitored. Effluent samples were collected to track the pH and the dissolved material. Computed tomography (CT) was used to scan the core before and after the experiment to determine the wormhole propagation along with the core. The optimum injection rate at 250 and 300°F (394 and 422 K) were found to be 2.5 and 6 cm3/min (1.67E−8 and 1.25E−7 m3/s) with PVBT of 0.41 and 0.43 PV, respectively. The 3D CT scan showed an effective wormhole profile featuring a single dominant trajectory with few branches. These results are confirmed by calcium ion concentration profiles through inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. The use of the new acid system will provide deep penetration with low injected acid volume. As a result, the stimulation job efficiency will improve.
Sensitive DNA Mutation Detection at Physiological Temperature with Endonuclease IV by Inhibiting Its Side Activity
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Li Longjie , Liu Qingxu , Hu Yuqiang , Yuan Wenqian , Xiao Xianjin , Wu Tongbo 
Published: May 2021

Main observation and conclusionEndonuclease IV (Endo IV) has the side activity to cleave the apurinic/apyrimidinic site in the single‐stranded DNA probe (AP‐ssDNA), which adversely affects its performance in single‐nucleotide variation (SNV) detection. In this work, we developed a simple strategy to inhibit Endo IV's side activity by introducing an assistant strand into the detection system. The assistant strand effectively inhibited the side‐activity of Endo IV by confining the freedom of AP‐ssDNA through rigid double‐stranded DNA formation, and the inhibition efficiency could reach 98%. About 20 times enhancement of the discrimination factor (DF) was obtained compared to the detection system without the assistant strand. After optimization, a mean DF value was calculated to be 738 for different mutation types, and the sample with 0.005% allele frequency was discriminated from the wild‐type target. Another advantage of using an assistant strand was that the SNV detection could be executed at physiological temperature without precise temperature optimization as in other Endo IV‐based SNV detection system. Besides, EGFR T790M mutant in the synthesized and clinical samples was detected by our strategy. The results showed satisfactory sensitivity and accuracy by comparison with Sanger sequencing. Thus, this strategy has the potential to be applied in the field of precision medicine.
The role of regional myocardial topography post‐myocardial infarction on infarct extension
Authors: Leong Chen Onn , Leong Chin Neng , Liew Yih Miin , Al Abed Amr , Aziz Yang Faridah Abdul , Chee Kok Han , Sridhar Ganiga Srinivasaiah , Dokos Socrates , Lim Einly 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInfarct extension involves necrosis of healthy myocardium in the border zone (BZ), progressively enlarging the infarct zone (IZ) and recruiting the remote zone (RZ) into the BZ, eventually leading to heart failure. The mechanisms underlying infarct extension remain unclear, but myocyte stretching has been suggested as the most likely cause. Using human patient‐specific left‐ventricular (LV) numerical simulations established from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of myocardial infarction (MI) patients, the correlation between infarct extension and regional mechanics abnormality was investigated by analysing the fibre stress–strain loops (FSSLs). FSSL abnormality was characterised using the directional regional external work (DREW) index, which measures FSSL area and loop direction. Sensitivity studies were also performed to investigate the effect of infarct stiffness on regional myocardial mechanics and potential for infarct extension. We found that infarct extension was correlated to severely abnormal FSSL in the form of counter‐clockwise loop at the RZ close to the infarct, as indicated by negative DREW values. In regions demonstrating negative DREW values, we observed substantial fibre stretching in the isovolumic relaxation (IVR) phase accompanied by a reduced rate of systolic shortening. Such stretching in IVR phase in part of the RZ was due to its inability to withstand the high LV pressure that was still present and possibly caused by regional myocardial stiffness inhomogeneity. Further analysis revealed that the occurrence of severely abnormal FSSL due to IVR fibre stretching near the RZ‐BZ boundary was due to a large amount of surrounding infarcted tissue, or an excessively stiff IZ.
Doping Platinum with Germanium: An Effective Way to Mitigate the CO Poisoning
Authors: Ugartemendia Andoni , Peeters Kristien , Ferrari Piero , de Cózar Abel , Mercero Jose M. , Janssens Ewald , Jimenez‐Izal Elisa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe vulnerability towards CO poisoning is a major drawback affecting the efficiency and long‐term performance of platinum catalysts in fuel cells. In the present work, by a combination of density functional theory calculations and mass spectrometry experiments, we test and explain the promotional effect of Ge on Pt catalysts with higher resistance to deactivation via CO poisoning. A thorough exploration of the configurational space of gas‐phase Ptn+ and GePtn−1+ (n=5–9) clusters using global minima search techniques and the subsequent electronic structure analysis reveals that germanium doping reduces the binding strength between Pt and CO by hindering the 2π‐back‐donation. Importantly, the clusters remain catalytically active towards H2 dissociation. The ability of Ge to weaken the Pt−CO interaction was confirmed by mass spectrometry experiments. Ge can be a promising alloying agent to tune the selectivity and improve the durability of Pt particles, thus opening the way to novel catalytic alternatives for fuel cells.
Efficient Construction of 5H‐1,4‐Benzodiazepine Derivatives by a Catalyst‐Free Direct Aerobic Oxidative Annulation Strategy
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Xiaolan , Han Feng , Liu Jianping , Xu Qing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA catalyst‐free direct aerobic oxidative annulation reaction of 2‐aminobenzylic amines and α‐hydroxy ketones efficiently afforded versatile 5H‐1,4‐benzodiazepine derivatives by employing air as economic and green oxidant under mild conditions. Interestingly, solvent was found to be crucial to the reaction, so that by using acetic acid as the best solvent an efficient and practical method could be achieved, requiring no catalysts or additives at all. This method tolerates a wide range of 2‐aminobenzylic amines and α‐hydroxy ketones and could be scaled up to multigram synthesis and directly applied in one‐step synthesis of the pharmaceutically active N‐desmethylmedazepam derivatives, revealing the potential of this new method in the synthesis of 5H‐1,4‐benzodiazepine skeleton‐based pharmaceuticals and chemicals.
Component value calculations in a mixed element ladder network containing series capacitors separated by unit elements
Authors: Şengül Metin , Çakmak Gökhan 
Published: May 2021

SummaryLossless LC ladder networks have many applications. But at high frequencies, inductor‐free designs are preferred since inductors are heavy and have limited values. An additional reason for not using the inductors (at high frequencies) consists in that the values of very small inductors could be quite imprecise. If LC ladder network is high‐pass type, then parallel inductors must be removed. The resulting network will have only series capacitors, which can be combined as a single series capacitor. But if commensurate transmission lines separate the series capacitors, a high‐pass mixed element network is obtained. In this paper, a procedure is proposed to compute the values of series capacitors and characteristic impedances of the transmission lines in the mixed element ladder network. The usage of the procedure is explained by means of the given example.
Formation of droplets in weightless complex plasmas
Authors: Joshi Eshita , Khrapak Sergey , Knapek Christina , Huber Peter , Mohr Daniel , Schwabe Mierk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicroparticles immersed in a low‐temperature plasma acquire strong negative charges and thus repel each other. Nevertheless, effective attraction between the microparticles in such a complex plasma can occur due to the interplay between the fluxes of plasma ions and the microparticles. Here, we report the observation of droplets formed in a complex plasma during a parabolic flight, and explain their formation in terms of the ion drag force that sustains the droplet. We have found a good agreement between the experimentally determined droplet size and its theoretical estimate using the ion drag force mechanism. Lower values of the electron temperature result in better agreement, as is consistent with the pulsed mechanism of discharge used experimentally.
Spatio‐spectral relationships between pathological neural dynamics and cognitive impairment along the Alzheimer's disease spectrum
Authors: Wiesman Alex I. , Murman Daniel L. , May Pamela E. , Schantell Mikki , Losh Rebecca A. , Johnson Hallie J. , Willet Madelyn P. , Eastman Jacob A. , Christopher‐Hayes Nicholas J. , Knott Nichole L. , Houseman Lisa L. , Wolfson Sara L. , Losh Kathryn L. , Johnson Craig M. , Wilson Tony W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionNumerous studies have described aberrant patterns of rhythmic neural activity in patients along the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum, yet the relationships between these pathological features and cognitive decline are uncertain.MethodsWe acquired magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from 38 amyloid‐PET biomarker‐confirmed patients on the AD spectrum and a comparison group of biomarker‐negative cognitively normal (CN) healthy adults, alongside an extensive neuropsychological battery.ResultsBy modeling whole‐brain rhythmic neural activity with an extensive neuropsychological profile in patients on the AD spectrum, we show that the spectral and spatial features of deviations from healthy adults in neural population‐level activity inform their relevance to domain‐specific neurocognitive declines.DiscussionRegional oscillatory activity represents a sensitive metric of neuronal pathology in patients on the AD spectrum. By considering not only the spatial, but also the spectral, definitions of cortical neuronal activity, we show that domain‐specific cognitive declines can be better modeled in these individuals.
CircMYLK promotes the growth, migration, invasion, and survival of bladder cancer cells by upregulating CCND3 level via competitively binding to miR‐34a
Authors: Ye Wenxin , Chen Li , Feng Chao , Liang Tiejun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBladder cancer is one of the most common types of urothelial carcinoma with a rising incidence rate worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the development of numerous cancers, including bladder cancer. We aimed to uncover the role and associated mechanism of circMYLK in bladder cancer. The expression levels of circMYLK, miRNA‐34a (miR‐34a) and Cyclin D3 (CCND3) mRNA were investigated using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein level of CCND3 was investigated using western blot. In functional assays, flow cytometry assays were utilized for cell cycle analysis and cell apoptosis analysis. Transwell assays were used for cell migration and invasion analysis. Caspase‐3 activity was examined to monitor cell apoptosis. The putative relationship between miR‐34a and circMYLK or CCND3 was validated by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. CircMYLK was highly expressed in bladder cancer tissues and cells. CircMYLK downregulation inhibited bladder cancer cell migration and invasion, and promoted cancer cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. MiR‐34a, a target of circMYLK, was downregulated in bladder cancer tissues and cells. MiR‐34a inhibition reversed the effects of circMYLK downregulation and then recovered bladder cell malignant behaviors. Further analysis showed that CCND3 was a downstream target of miR‐34a, and CCND3 was upregulated in bladder cancer tissues and cells. MiR‐34a overexpression blocked bladder cancer cell migration and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis and cycle arrest, while these effects were abolished by CCND3 overexpression. CircMYLK contributed to the malignant development of bladder cancer cells partly through the miR‐34a/CCND3 regulatory network, showing the significance of circMYLK in bladder cancer pathogenesis.
Copeptin as a predictive marker of incident heart failure
Authors: Schill Fredrika , Timpka Simon , Nilsson Peter M. , Melander Olle , Enhörning Sofia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) is a common disease with increasing prevalence and poor prognosis. The vasopressin (VP) marker copeptin predicts development of diabetes mellitus, diabetic heart disease, coronary artery disease, and premature mortality. Copeptin is elevated in HF patients and predicts a worse outcome. This study aims to investigate whether copeptin can predict HF development.MethodsCopeptin was analysed in 5297 individuals (69.6% men) without prevalent HF from the Malmö Preventive Project, a population‐based prospective cohort. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyse risk of incident HF by copeptin levels after adjusting for conventional cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up time of 11.1 years, 350 subjects (6.6%) were diagnosed with HF. Of these events, 99 were classified as myocardial infarction (MI) related HF and 251 as non‐MI‐related HF. Individuals in the top quartile of copeptin had, after multivariate adjustment for conventional risk factors (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, antihypertensive therapy, smoking, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol), a significantly increased risk of developing HF by 1.63 [confidence interval (CI) 1.20–2.21] for HF compared with the reference quartile 1. After adjustment for conventional risk factors, the hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation increase of log‐transformed copeptin for any HF was 1.30 (95% CI 1.17–1.46), whereas it was 1.39 (CI 1.13–1.71) for MI‐related HF and 1.26 (CI 1.11–1.44) for non‐MI‐related HF. The associations remained after additional adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate [HR 1.24 (95% CI: 1.10–1.40)] and for pro atrial natriuretic peptide on top of conventional risk factors [HR 1.14 (95% CI: 1.02–1.28)].ConclusionsElevated copeptin predicts development of HF in older adults. Copeptin is a risk marker of VP‐driven HF susceptibility and a candidate to guide prevention efforts of HF targeting the VP system.
Supported Synthesis of Adenosine Nucleotides and Derivatives on a Benzene‐Centered Tripodal Soluble Support
Authors: Appy Lucie , Peyrottes Suzanne , Roy Béatrice 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe first soluble‐phase synthesis of adenosine nucleotides including α,β and β,γ‐methylene bisphosphonate analogues on a multi‐pod support is reported. Anchoring of a 2’,3’‐protected purine nucleoside to the tripodal support via the nucleobase was successfully achieved using a microwave assisted Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition. Then, phosphorylation was performed, followed by cleavage with aqueous ammonia to provide adenine derivatives, and finally deprotection. When using benzylamine instead of ammonia, a derivative with N6‐benzylamine adenine as nucleobase was obtained. This methodology allows to access adenosine 5’‐mono, di and triphosphates, as well as various analogues of pharmacological interest in modest to good yields.
Pain evaluation and prosocial behaviour are affected by age and sex
Authors: Gingras Chloé , Coll Michel‐Pierre , Tessier Marie‐Hélène , Tremblay Pascale , Jackson Philip L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPain assessment and pain care are influenced by the characteristics of both the patient and the caregiver. Some studies suggest that the pain of older persons and of females may be underestimated to a greater extent than the pain of younger and male individuals.AimsThis study investigated the effect of age and sex on prosocial behavior and pain evaluation.Methods40 young (18–30 y/o; 20 women) and 40 older adults (55–82 y/o; 20 women) acted as healthcare professionals rating the pain and offering help to patients of both age groups. Trait empathy and social desirability were measured with questionnaires.ResultsLinear mixed models showed that older and male patients were offered more help and were perceived as being in more intense pain than younger and female patients.ConclusionThe characteristics of the patients seem to have a greater impact on prosocial behavior and pain assessment compared to those of the observers, which bears significant implications for the treatment of pain in clinical contexts.
Investigating aneuploidy‐inducing effect of Nemacur, Rogor, and Dursban in human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures
Authors: Abuwarda Hadeer N. , Alashi Shadi F. , Sharif Fadel A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor many years, organophosphate (OP) pesticides have been considered an attractive choice for pest control around the world. Excessive use of OPs is a concerning issue for human health. Although the genotoxic effect of these pesticides has been reported, studies that examined their aneuploidy‐inducing effect are limited or absent. Therefore, we sought to investigate the potential of OP pesticides, which are extensively used in the Gaza Strip, to induce aneuploidy in human peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) cultures. To achieve this goal, we first assessed the cytotoxic effect of selected concentrations of Nemacur (fenamiphos), Rogor (dimethoate), and Dursban (chlorpyrifos) on human PBL cultures by the MTT assay. Then, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique was used to determine the frequency of induced aneuploidy (chromosome loss or gain) in human PBL cultures treated with different concentrations of the three types of OPs. We found that all the OPs treatments used did not show appreciable cytotoxic effects. Increase in frequencies of aneuploidy, chromosome loss, and chromosome gain were observed after each treatment as compared to the results of their respective solvent control cultures, and that increase of aneuploidy was significantly evident at 0.050 mg/ml of Nemacur. It was also noticed that chromosome loss is more frequent than chromosome gain for each concentration of the three types of OPs. While the aneuploidy induction effect of the investigated OPs is not significant (except for the 0.050 mg/ml of Nemacur), these pesticides should be examined further since many people are exposed to them.
Deep analysis of the influence of the different power system structures on the performance of the energy storage systems
Authors: Al‐Gabalawy Mostafa 
Published: May 2021

SummaryWith an increasing need to install variable renewable energy sources to the grid, energy storage (ES) has become a key component for electrical grids to maintain stability. Various methods have been developed to optimize siting of ES systems to benefit a certain actor in the power grid, such as consumers, system operators, or power generators, or to optimize a particular variable, such as frequency, voltage, investment profits, or operator costs. In this paper, a new method has been developed to maximize the grid's efficiency by determining optimal ES siting and evaluating the impact of grid structure on ES performance. The method can decouple the grid structure's impact on grid performance from other factors to show which grid structure is best for ES performance. Inspired by a centrality concept known as a net ability that determines the importance of transmission lines, the net ability equation was modified to include ES within the grid. This paper introduces a weighted topological method called ES net ability that considers capacity, impedance, power transfer distribution factor (PTDF), and node type. ES net ability was also compared to another centrality concept known as betweenness. Using a linear programming method based on direct current (DC) power flow, a MATLAB program was written to determine ES optimal siting for bus test systems IEEE 30, IEEE 118, and IEEE 300. The ES net ability and betweenness of each bus were calculated and compared to determine which bus has the greatest impact on ES performance and efficiency. The buses' rankings could be used to compare buses within a network to determine which node provides the greatest benefit to ES performance and the grid. The average ES net ability of each IEEE test system was calculated to determine which grid structure is best suited for ES grid structure was further broken down into different factors, such as line impedance, line capacity, number of lines per node, number of connections per node, and node location.
Impacts of fluorine in NASICON‐type materials as cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Liu Ziyan , Jia Xiaoxiao , Cao Guozhong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSodium superionic conductor (NASICON)‐type materials are getting more and more attention due to their high capacity and good cycling ability compared with other cathode materials in aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIB). The present paper was to study the synthesis and electrochemical properties of two NASICON compounds of Na3V2(PO4)3 and Na3V2(PO4)2F3 and to understand the impacts of fluorine. Both Na3V2(PO4)3 and Na3V2(PO4)2F3 are synthesized by hydrothermal growth followed with annealing at 800°C in inert gas. With 3 mol/L Zn(CF3SO3)2 in water as electrolyte, Na3V2(PO4)3 offered a high storage capacity, while Na3V2(PO4)2F3 demonstrated a high discharge voltage though low storage capacity. It was also found that the storage capacity of Na3V2(PO4)2F3 increases with increased cycles; however, the compound undergoes a gradual phase transition. It is discussed possible approaches to attain both high discharge voltage and large capacity with good cycling stability.