bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive, School‐Based Preventive Dentistry: Program Details and Students' Unmet Dental Needs
Authors: Aldosari Muath A. , Bukhari Omair M. , Ruff Ryan Richard , Palmisano Joseph N. , Nguyen Helen , Douglass Chester W. , Niederman Richard , Starr Jacqueline R. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn this paper, we describe the design, program details, and baseline demographics and oral health of participants in ForsythKids, a regional, comprehensive, school‐based mobile caries prevention program.METHODSWe solicited all Massachusetts elementary schools with greater than 50% of students receiving free or reduced‐price meals. Six schools initially elected to participate, ultimately followed by over 50 schools. Interventions were based on systematic reviews and randomized controlled caries prevention trials. Participating students received semiannual dental examinations, followed by comprehensive preventive care. Summary statistics regarding oral health indicators were derived from individual tooth‐ and surface‐level data.RESULTSOver a 6‐year period, data were collected on 6927 children. The number of students per school ranged from 58 to 681. The overall participation rate was 15%, ranging from 10% to 29%. Overall, 57% of the children were younger than 8 years at baseline. Approximately, 54% of children experienced dental decay on any tooth at baseline; 32% had untreated decay on any tooth, 29% had untreated decay on primary teeth, and 10% untreated decay on permanent teeth.CONCLUSIONSUntreated dental decay was double the national average, even in schools within several blocks of community dental clinics. These data demonstrate the need for caries prevention beyond the traditional dental practice.
Decoupling of microbial community dynamics and functions in Arctic peat soil exposed to short term warming
Authors: Yang Sizhong , Liebner Susanne , Svenning Mette Marianne , Tveit Alexander Tøsdal 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTemperature is an important factor governing microbe‐mediated carbon feedback from permafrost soils. The link between taxonomic and functional microbial responses to temperature change remains elusive due to the lack of studies assessing both aspects of microbial ecology. Our previous study reported microbial metabolic and trophic shifts in response to short‐term temperature increases in Arctic peat soil, and linked these shifts to higher CH4 and CO2 production rates (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, E2507–E2516). Here, we studied the taxonomic composition and functional potential of samples from the same experiment. We see that along a high‐resolution temperature gradient (1–30°C), microbial communities change discretely, but not continuously or stochastically, in response to rising temperatures. The taxonomic variability may thus in part reflect the varied temperature responses of individual taxa and the competition between these taxa for resources. These taxonomic responses contrast the stable functional potential (metagenomic‐based) across all temperatures or the previously observed metabolic or trophic shifts at key temperatures. Furthermore, with rising temperatures we observed a progressive decrease in species diversity (Shannon Index) and increased dispersion of greenhouse gas (GHG) production rates. We conclude that the taxonomic variation is decoupled from both the functional potential of the community and the previously observed temperature‐dependent changes in microbial function. However, the reduced diversity at higher temperatures might help explain the higher variability in GHG production at higher temperatures.
Development of the support needs after ICU (SNAC) questionnaire
Authors: O'Neill Brenda , Linden Mark , Ramsay Pam , Darweish Medniuk Alia , Outtrim Joanne , King Judy , Blackwood Bronagh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo develop a questionnaire to identify Intensive Care survivor needs at key transitions during the recovery process, and assess its validity and reliability in a group of ICU survivors.MethodsDevelopment of the Support Needs After ICU (SNAC) questionnaire was based on a systematic scoping review, and analysis of patient interviews (n = 22). Face and content validity were assessed by service users (n = 12) and an expert panel of healthcare professionals (n = 6). A pilot survey among 200 ICU survivors assessed recruitment at one of five different stages after ICU discharge [(1) in hospital, (2) < 6 weeks, (3) 7 weeks to 6 months, (4) 7 to 12 months, or (5) 12 to 24 months post‐hospital discharge]; to assess reliability of the SNAC questionnaire; and to conduct exploratory data analysis. Reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency; intraclass correlation coefficients for test–retest reliability. We explored correlations with sociodemographic variables using Pearson's correlation coefficient; differences between questionnaire scores and patient demographics using one‐way ANOVA.ResultsThe SNAC questionnaire consisted of 32 items that assessed five categories of support needs (informational, emotional, instrumental [e.g. practical physical help, provision of equipment or training], appraisal [e.g. clinician feedback on recovery] and spiritual needs). ICU survivors were recruited from Northern Ireland, England and Scotland. From a total of 375 questionnaires distributed, 202 (54%) were returned. The questionnaire had high internal consistency (0.97) and high test–retest reliability (r = 0.8) with subcategories ranging from 0.3 to 0.9.ConclusionsThe SNAC questionnaire appears to be a comprehensive, valid, and reliable questionnaire. Further research will enable more robust examination of its properties e.g. factor analysis, and establish its utility in identifying whether patients' support needs evolve over time.Relevance to clinical practiceThe SNAC questionnaire has the potential to be used to identify ICU survivors' needs and inform post‐hospital support services.
Induction of oestrus by administering Inhibin antiserum along with equine chorionic gonadotropin in anoestrous bitches
Authors: Tsuchida Mei , Sakurai Daichi , Komura Nako , Nakagata Naomi , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs dogs experience oestrus only once or twice a year, it is necessary to establish an effective method of oestrous induction for efficient breeding. In the present study, we evaluated inhibin antiserum (IAS) on oestrous induction in anoestrous females. Bitches were administered 0.5 ml/kg IAS or a mixture of 50 IU/kg equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and 0.5 ml/kg IAS and 500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administered 7 days after the mixture injection. As a control, bitches received 50 IU/kg eCG, with 500 IU hCG administered 7 days after eCG injection. Blood‐tinged vaginal discharge, vulvar swelling, plasma progesterone concentrations and ovarian follicular development were assessed from day 0 to day 14. IAS alone injection did not induce oestrus in bitches at the anoestrous stage. Conversely, vulvar swelling, blood‐tinged vaginal discharge and an estimated luteinizing hormone (LH) surge appeared on days 3–7, days 3–6 and days 7–9 after the IAS+eCG mixture injection, respectively, in all five bitches at the anoestrous stage. The average number of developing and ovulated follicles in bitches administered IAS+eCG was 8.8 and 9.6 respectively. A single eCG injection followed by hCG induced oestrous signs, with an average of 8.3 developing follicles and 4.5 ovulated follicles. This study revealed that IAS alone did not induce oestrus, but when IAS was used in combination with eCG, it induced oestrus and promoted a considerable number of ovulations in anoestrous dogs.
Timing of international market openings and shrinking middle‐income class
Authors: Asami Tatsuya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes the dynamic effects of international market openings on income distribution in a simple one‐period model with bequest motive individuals. Existing related studies have discussed this issue in closed or small open economies by assuming initial differences in wealth distribution. This study departs from previous studies by assuming heterogeneity in ability in terms of skilled labor and focusing on the bequest (wealth) distribution at the time of market openings. We show that the impact of market openings depends on the level of economic development. If the markets open after the economy is well developed, individuals with middle abilities will get education and work as skilled labor in the long run. If the market opens beforehand, however, the individuals will not get education and their incomes will be equal to the incomes of individuals with low abilities. This study illustrates that early market opening may lead to a shrinking of the middle‐income class.
Combined fluoroscopic‐ and sonographic‐assisted Tenckhoff catheter insertion for patients with previous intraperitoneal surgery
Authors: Athmalingam Vinoth Kasi Rajan , Wong Koh Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTenckhoff catheter (TC) insertion for patients with previous intraperitoneal surgery (IPS) is challenging.MethodsThis is a case series of 11 patients with history of previous IPS who underwent TC insertion under combined fluoroscopic and sonographic (CFS) guidance with preperitoneal tunneling at our center.ResultsThis is an interim result of our study. The mean age of the patients was 49.1 (±12.7). Seven were females, and four were males. Only two patients underwent more than one IPS prior to this procedure. The mean body mass index (BMI) of patients was 29.2 kg/m2 (±6.2). All patients underwent the procedure successfully. One patient developed post‐procedure exit site bleeding which resolved spontaneously. One patient had urgent‐start peritoneal dialysis (PD) (less than 72 h), and two patients had early‐start PD (less than 2 weeks). Median catheter survival is 8 months at the time of writing.ConclusionCFS‐assisted TC insertion with preperitoneal tunneling for patients with previous IPS is a safe and effective technique.
The Done‐State Derived Stative: A Case Study in Building Complex Eventualities in Syntax
Authors: Biggs Alison 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA basic question for theories of the syntax–semantics interface is whether the relationship between the form and meaning of complex aspectual expressions is mediated by the pieces that make up hierarchical syntax or whether complex forms and their meanings can pair directly, in templatic or constructional representations, for example. This paper examines the string I’m done writing chapter 3 with this issue in mind. The (be) done V‐ing structure does not seem to have been analyzed before, and I refer to it as the done state. The done state expresses a complex stative eventuality. Notably, the transitive object of the done state can hold a target state, an unexpected interpretation given the ‐ing verb (contrast I’ve been writing chapter 3). Apparent form–meaning mismatches of this type are regularly taken as evidence for listed, constructional mappings. I show, however, that the done state has the syntactic pieces of a stative passive of a present participle, and I argue that the done state is a previously unnoticed type of derived stative. The analysis provides a compositional account of the structure’s semantics and morphology. I further argue that the syntactic items that make up the done state have the same properties that they have elsewhere in the grammar; there is no need to postulate new grammatical objects. The predictable properties of the done state find explanation in models in which complex eventualities are built up out of the minimal units that make up complex phrases.
An Optimized Efficient Galerkin Averaging-Incremental Harmonic Balance Method for High-Dimensional Spatially Discretized Models of Continuous Systems Based on Parallel Computing
Authors: Ju R. , Zhu W. D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Modern computers are generally equipped with multicore central processing units (CPUs). There has been a great interest to introduce a parallelized harmonic balance method to make full use of computing resources and improve the efficiency in dealing with nonlinear dynamic analysis of high-dimensional spatially discretized models of continuous systems. In this work, an optimized efficient Galerkin averaging-incremental harmonic balance (EGA-IHB) method for solving high-dimensional spatially discretized models of continuous systems based on parallel computing is introduced. Independent sampling and EGA procedures are introduced to achieve generality. Optimized parallel implementation based on tensor contraction is introduced in time-domain series calculations and the quasi-Newton method is used in the iteration procedure, which greatly accelerates computational speeds of both serial and parallel implementations. Especially, the parallel implementation achieves high parallel efficiency when multiple CPU cores are used. Due to its high computational efficiency and good robustness, the proposed method has the potential to be used as a powerful universal solver and analyzer for general types of continuous systems.
Sex-Specific Associations Between Bone-Loading Score and Adiposity Markers in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Singh Harshvardhan , Moore Bethany A. , Rathore Roshita , Bemben Michael G. , Bemben Debra A. 
Published: August 2021

The authors examined sex-specific relationships between fat mass index (FMI), android/gynoid (A/G) fat ratio, relative skeletal muscle mass index, and Bone-Specific Physical Activity Questionnaire derived bone-loading scores (BLSs) in middle-aged and older adults (men, n = 27; women, n = 33; age = 55–75 years). The FMI, A/G fat ratio, and relative skeletal muscle mass index were estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The Bone-Specific Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess: (a) BLSpast (age 1 until 12 months before the study visit), (b) BLScurrent (last 12 months), and (c) BLStotal (average of [a] and [b]) scores. Separate multiple linear regression analysis of (a) age, FMI, and relative skeletal muscle mass index and (b) age, height, and A/G fat ratio versus BLS revealed that FMI and A/G fat ratio were negatively associated with BLSpast and BLStotal (p < .05) in women only. Adiposity and, specifically, central adiposity is negatively related to bone-loading physical activity in middle-aged and older women.
Von Willebrand Factor in Health and Disease
Authors: Avdonin P. P. , Tsvetaeva N. V. , Goncharov N. V. , Rybakova E. Yu. , Trufanov S. K. , Tsitrina A. A. , Avdonin P. V. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract—
Von Willebrand factor (vWF), the key component of hemostasis, is synthesized in endothelial cells and megakaryocytes and released into the blood as high molecular weight multimeric glycoproteins weighing up to 20 million Daltons. Blood plasma metalloprotease ADAMTS13 cleaves ultra-large vWF multimers to smaller multimeric and oligomeric molecules. The vWF molecules attach to the sites of damage at the surface of arterioles and capillaries and unfold under conditions of shear stress. On the unfolded vWF molecule, the regions interacting with receptors on the platelet membrane are exposed. After binding to the vWF filaments, platelets are activated; platelets circulating in the vessels are additionally attached to them, leading to thrombus formation, blocking of microvessels, and cessation of bleeding. This review describes the history of the discovery of vWF, presents data on the mechanisms of vWF secretion and its structure, and characterizes the processes of vWF metabolism in the body under normal and pathological conditions.
Mean arterial pressure for predicting preeclampsia in Asian women: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Zhu Jing , Zhang Jun , Syaza Razali Nurul , Chern Bernard , Tan Kok Hian 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivePrevious studies suggested mean arterial pressure (MAP) had moderate predictive values in the first and second trimesters for the prediction of preeclampsia. However, the performance of MAP in Asian women is still unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the predictive values of MAP in Asian population throughout gestation, and to compare the performance of MAP, angiogenic factors and uterine artery Doppler in the prediction of preeclampsia.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingKK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore.ParticipantsA total of 926 women with singleton pregnancy less than 14 weeks of gestation were included in the prospective Neonatal and Obstetrics Risks Assessment cohort between September 2010 and October 2014. Maternal blood pressure levels, uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI), serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PlGF) and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio were measured at 11–14, 18–22, 28–32 and 34 weeks onward, respectively.Primary and secondary outcomesPreeclampsia was the main pregnancy outcome.ResultsA total of 20 women developed preeclampsia, who had significantly lower levels of PlGF, higher levels of sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and MAP throughout pregnancy than women without preeclampsia. Compared with angiogenic factors and UtA-PI, MAP had significantly higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for predicting preeclampsia and term preeclampsia throughout gestation. For predicting preeclampsia, MAP had AUCs of 0.86 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.95), 0.87 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.95) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.98) at 11–14, 18–22 and 28–32 weeks, respectively. For predicting term preeclampsia, MAP yielded AUCs of 0.87 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.99), 0.87 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.98) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.99) at 11–14, 18–22 and 28–32 weeks, respectively. For predicting preterm preeclampsia, the performance of MAP and PlGF was similar.ConclusionMAP is a good predictor for preeclampsia, especially term preeclampsia, in Asian women.
Study protocol: a prospective controlled clinical trial to assess surgical or medical treatment for paediatric type 2 diabetes (ST2OMP)
Authors: Shah Amy S , Helmrath Michael A , Inge Thomas H , Xanthakos Stavra A , Kelsey Megan M , Jenkins Todd , Trout Andrew T , Browne Lorna , Nadeau Kristen J 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionThe pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth differs from adults and conventional medical treatment approaches with lifestyle change, metformin, thiazolidinediones or insulin are inadequate. Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) improves multiple health outcomes in adults with T2D. Initial small, uncontrolled studies of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass have also suggested beneficial effects in adolescents. Definitive studies in youth with T2D are lacking, especially with the now more common form of MBS, vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). The surgical or medical treatment for paediatric type 2 diabetes (ST2OMP) clinical trial was designed to test the hypothesis that VSG will more effectively reduce hyperglycaemic and diabetes comorbidities than the best currently available medical treatment incorporating state of the art pharmacotherapies. ST2OMP is also designed to better understand the pancreatic and enterohepatic mechanisms by which MBS improves diabetes and its associated comorbidities.Methods and analysisST2OMP is a prospective, open-label, controlled clinical trial that will recruit 90 postpubertal participants, age range 13–19.9 years, with body mass index ≥35 kg/m2or >120% of 95th percentile and youth-onset T2D. The primary outcome is the per cent of youth achieving haemoglobin A1c <6.0% at 12 months postgroup allocation (post-VSG vs postmedical group allocation). Secondary outcomes include remission of comorbidities and measures of β-cell and incretin responses at 12 and 24 months post VSG versus AMT.Ethics and disseminationThe ST2OMP protocol was approved by the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Colorado Institutional Review Boards. Written informed consent is obtained prior to study enrolment. Study findings will be widely disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberClinical Trials.GovNCT04128995.
Are communities of practice a way to support health literacy: a study protocol for a realist review
Authors: Elbrink Sanne H , Elmer Shandell L , Osborne Richard H 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionCommunities of practice are used for knowledge sharing and learning in health settings. However, more needs to be known to understand how they work, if they work different in different settings and what outcomes they might generate. Of particular interest is their potential role in health literacy development.Methods and analysisThis realist review will be undertaken in seven stages, aiming to develop a framework to show how the various contexts of communities of practice in health settings trigger mechanisms that lead to improved health literacy outcomes. The first stage of a realist review is considered important as it clarifies the scope of the review, yet it is rarely elaborated in detail. This paper describes this first stage in detail and shows how scoping techniques can support drafting an initial framework which can guide the rest of the review. After the initial scoping review, the subsequent stages follow an iterative and recurring process (until saturation is reached) that includes searching and appraising evidence, extracting and organising results, and analysing and summarising. The review will then generate conclusions and recommendations for stakeholders seeking to use communities of practice for their health literacy challenges. Findings of the scoping review are presented in this paper as part of the methods description to show the relevance of conducting a scoping review prior to a realist review.Ethics and disseminationEthical review is not required for this review. Experts and stakeholders will be involved in the process after the first stage to increase the quality of the process and to ensure practical relevance and uptake. This review focuses on communities of practice and health literacy, yet findings will likely be relevant for other health settings. Findings will be disseminated through stakeholders, publications, presentations and formal and informal reports.