bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extranodal Extension Is an Independent Predictor of Lung Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Hei Hu , Gong Wenbo , Zheng Chen , Zhou Bin , Qin Jianwu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeLymph node metastasis is common in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Some metastatic lymph nodes may present extranodal extension (ENE). The clinical role of ENE in PTC has yet to be clearly identified. We evaluated macroscopic ENE as a potential prognostic indicator of lung metastasis in PTC.Patients and MethodsWe identified 1140 consecutive patients who had PTC initially resected at our cancer center. Clinical data and pathological results were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to figure out the association between clinicopathological variables and lung metastasis.ResultsIn this cohort, 51.7% of PTC patients had lymph node metastasis; 10.4% had macroscopic ENE positive nodes; 2.3% had lung metastasis. In patients with lymph node metastasis, the average number of positive nodes was 5.10 ± 4.91. Multivariable analysis of clinicopathological factors revealed that extrathyroidal extension (odds ratio [OR], 3.57; 95% CI, 1.41–9.04), macroscopic ENE (OR, 7.08; 95% CI, 2.54–19.74), and number of positive nodes were significantly associated with lung metastasis. Compared with 0–3 positive nodes, 7–9 positive nodes denoted a moderate risk of lung metastasis (OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 1.03–19.85). And 10 positive nodes or more indicated a high risk of lung metastasis (OR, 9.63; 95% CI, 2.65–35.02).ConclusionMacroscopic ENE could serve as a strong independent prognostic factor of lung metastasis in PTC. More attention should be paid to patients with ENE positive nodes during follow-up.
Ethacrynic Acid Is an Inhibitor of Human Factor XIIIa
Authors: Kar Srabani , Vu Kayla , Mottamal Madhusoodanan , Al-Horani Rami A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ethacrynic acid (EA) is a loop diuretic that is approved orally and parenterally to manage edema-associated diseases. Nevertheless, it was earlier reported that it is also associated with bleeding upon its parenteral administration. In this report, we investigated the effects of EA on human factor XIIIa (FXIIIa) of the coagulation process using a variety of techniques. FXIIIa is a transglutaminase that works at the end of the coagulation process to form an insoluble, rigid, and cross-linked fibrin rich blood clot. In fact, inhibition of FXIIIa-mediated biological processes has been reported to result in a bleeding diathesis. Inhibition of FXIIIa by EA was investigated given the nucleophilic nature of the thiol-containing active site of the enzyme and the Michael acceptor-based electrophilicity of EA. In a bisubstrate-based fluorescence trans-glutamination assay, EA inhibited FXIIIa with a moderate potency (IC50 ~ 105 µM) and efficacy (∆Y ~ 66%). In SDS-PAGE experiment, EA appears to significantly inhibit the FXIIIa-mediated polymerization of fibrin(ogen) as well as the formation of fibrin(ogen) – α2-antiplasmin complex which indicates that EA affects the physiological functions of FXIIIa. Interestingly, EA did not affect the clotting times of human plasma in the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) or prothrombin time (PT) assays at the highest concentration tested of 2.5 mM suggesting the lack of effects on the coagulation serine proteases and potentially the functional selectivity of EA with respect to the clotting process. Molecular modeling studies demonstrated that the Michael acceptor of EA forms a covalent bond with catalytic residue of Cys314 in the active site of FXIIIa. Overall, our studies indicate that EA inhibits the physiological function of human FXIIIa in vitro which may potentially contribute to the bleeding complications that were reported with the association of the parenteral administration of EA.
Eocene-Oligocene terrestrial cryospheric processes: bipolar glaciation and uplifted Tibet
Authors: Xia Guoqing , Wu Chihua , Rodríguez-López Juan Pedro , Mansour Ahmed , Jin Xin , Pei Junling , Yi Haisheng , Li Gaojie , Fan Qiushuang , Shi Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There is no agreement regarding the processes that have governed the birth and vanish of ice masses on Earth during Cenozoic, as well as the possible existence of unipolar vs bipolar glaciations which remain controversial. Although it is generally accepted that Cenozoic cryosphere was characterized by a unipolar Antarctic glaciation at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (~ 34 Ma), recent investigations suggest synchronous cryospheric processes at both hemispheres at this time. Here we present the first worldwide evidence of ice-related structures in Eocene-Oligocene sediments from the mid-latitude Lunpola Basin of central Tibet. The lacustrine deposits contain two intervals dated 37.8–35.6 and 34.0-32.5 Ma, respectively, which preserve seasonal frost events, glendonites and ice-rafted debris. These cryospheric processes were synchronous with two recorded stratigraphic intervals containing ice-rafted debris along offshore Greenland and in the Arctic region. Our results provide robust continental evidence of Eocene-Oligocene bipolar glaciation and a direct evidence for an already uplifted central Tibet during late Eocene. This finding brings into debate the timing and magnitude of inherited elevation of the vast proto-Tibetan Plateau before the continental collision between India and Eurasia.
A New Hybrid CNN-LSTM Model with Non-SoftMax Functions for Face Spoof Detection
Authors: Kumar S Lokesh , Asish Yamani Sai , Ganapathy Sannasi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Recently, the emerging applications such as banking, mobile payments, face recognition technology are gradually booming and also increases the users count around the world. The extensive deployment of facial recognition systems has drawn close attention to the dependability of facial biometrics in the fight against spoof attacks, in which a picture, video or 3D mask of a real user's face may be used to access facilities or services illegitimately. While a number of anti-spoofing or liveness detection approaches (which identify whether a face is live or spoof when captured) were suggested, the problem is still unresolved because of the difficulty in discovering discriminatory and computer-cost characteristics and techniques for spoof assaults. Existing methods also utilise a full picture or video to determine luminosity. Often though, some facial areas (video frames) are redundant or relate to the confusion of the picture (video). In this paper, we propose a new hybrid deep learning technique called Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based architecture with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units to study the impact in classification. In this technique is applied a non-softmax function for making effective decision on classification. The hybrid approach is implemented followed by a comparative analysis with existing conventional and hybrid techniques used for spoof detection. The proposed model is proved as better than the existing deep learning techniques and other hybrid models in terms of precision, recall, f-measure and accuracy.
Detection of lung cancer using Ten Convolutional Neural Network Models based modified co-learning technique in PET/CT image
Authors: Kishore R. , Babu R. Suresh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: A proposed Lung Cancer Detection System (LCDS) faces a major issue due to low spatial resolution in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and low contrast in Computed Tomography (CT). However, radiologists are unable to notice lung nodules during the beginning stage of lung cancer.Method: Such an issue has been resolved by creating a modified co-learning technique which will be based on ten Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models (Alexnet, VGG16, VGG19, Squeezenet, Googlenet, Inceptionv3, Mobilenetv2, Densenet201, Resnet18, Xception). This technique encodes modality specific features and utilizes them to acquire a spatially varying fusion map. These fusion maps are multiplied using a modality feature map for an utilization of image analysis.Result: A proposed LCDS attained 90 % sensitivity, 99.25% accuracy and 2.4 false positives per scan. By utilizing modified co-learning technique, our proposed LCDS attained 94.165 % sensitivity, 99.40 % accuracy and 1.6 false positives per scan in PET/CT.Conclusion: Our proposed LCDS attained tremendously minimum false positive rate and it is a promising technique in support of cancerous recognition due to improved sensitivity and accuracy.
Forest migration outpaces tree species range shift across North America
Authors: Abbasi Akane , Woodall Christopher , Gamarra Javier , Ochuodho Thomas , de-Miguel Sergio , Sahay Rajeev , Fei Songlin , Paquette Alain , Chen Han , Catlin Ann Christine , Liang Jingjing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that geographic ranges of tree species worldwide are shifting under global environmental change, but little is known about forest migration—the shift in the geographic ranges of forest types—and how it differs from individual tree species migration. Here, based on in situ records of more than 9 million trees from 596,282 sample plots, we quantified and compared the migration patterns of forests and tree species across North America between 1970 and 2019. On average, forests migrated at a mean velocity of 205.2 km per decade, which is twice as fast as species-level migration (95.6 km per decade), and 12 times faster than the average of previous estimates (16.3 km per decade). Our findings suggest that as subtle perturbations in species abundance can aggregate to change an entire forest from one type to another, failing to see the forest for the trees may result in a gross underestimation of the impacts of global change on forest ecosystem functioning and services. With the first forest classification and quantification of forest migration patterns at a continental level, this study provides an urgently needed scientific basis for a new paradigm of adaptive forest management and conservation under a rapid forest migration.
Water management for industrial development, energy conservation, and subjective attitudes: a comprehensive risk-oriented model to explore the tolerance of unbalanced allocation problem
Authors: Yu Yangping , Xie Yulei , Ji Ling , Zhang Jinbo , Cai Yanpeng , Yang Zhifeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, a new concept concerning comprehensive characteristics of water resources utilization as an index for risk modeling within the water allocation management model is proposed to explore the tolerance of unbalanced allocation problem under the water–energy nexus. The model is integrated with interval two-stage stochastic programming for reflecting system uncertainties. These uncertainties are associated with the industrial production feature and the decision-making process. With respect to the water–energy nexus, energy proposed is mainly focused on the consumption intensity of water purification and transportation from different water sources. The developed model is applied for industrial water resources allocation management in Henan province, China. Multiple scenarios related to disparate energy consumption control and the comprehensive risk levels are simulated to obtain a reasonable trade-off among system profit, comprehensive risk, and energy consumption. The results indicated that the strict comprehensive risk management or energy consumption control measures could cause damage to system benefit owing to decreasing the flexibility of industrial water resources distributions, and the preliminary energy consumption or the comprehensive risk control would be beneficial to moderate the conflict between industrial sectors and water resources, and accelerate industrial structure transformation in the future.
The Influence of Practising Physical Activity on the Prevention and Treatment of Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Leirós-Rodríguez Raquel , Rodríguez-Martínez Carla 
Published: August 2021

Background:
During pregnancy, maintaining an inadequate lifestyle (bad eating habits,
stress, consumption of toxic substances, etc.) generates complications such as pre-eclampsia, overweight,
lumbar pain and Gestational Diabetes.

Objective:
This review was carried out with the objective to determine the influence of practising
physical activity on the prevention and treatment of Gestational Diabetes; and to evaluate the efficacy
of interventions based on therapeutic exercise in the management of such diseases.

Method::
A systematic review of the publications of the last five years in Medline, Pubmed, Web of
Science and Cinahl databases was conducting with the terms Exercise and Gestational Diabetes.

Results:
25 articles were found, 9 were observational studies that analysed physical activity habits
through questionnaires, and other 16 applied an intervention. With respect to the frequency of the
sessions, most of these studies applied their interventions three times per week, with all of them obtaining
positive results. Regarding intensity, all the studies that referred to it concluded that it must
be at least moderate, highlighting that, at all times, the limitations of pregnant women must be taken
into account.

Conclusion:
Both for the prevention and treatment of this disease, the physical activity must be performed
for a minimum of three times per week, at least in moderate intensity, and must be based
on aerobic, resistance and strength exercises.
iAnt: Combination of Convolutional Neural Network and Random Forest Models Using PSSM and BERT Features to Identify Antioxidant Proteins
Authors: Tran Hoang V. , Nguyen Quang H. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) play many roles in the body, such as cell signaling,
homeostasis, or protection from harmful bacteria. However, an excess of ROS in the body will
damage lipids, proteins, and DNA. Many studies have shown that various environmental factors increase
the amount of ROS produced in the body. Antioxidant proteins are responsible for neutralizing
these ROS or free radicals. Although the amount of data on protein sequences has increased over the
last two decades, we still lack bioinformatics tools to be able to accurately identify antioxidant protein
sequences. Furthermore, biochemical methods to determine antioxidant proteins are very expensive and
time-consuming. Therefore, a machine learning approach must be used to speed up the computation.

Methods:
In this study, we propose a new method that combines a convolutional neural network and Random
Forest using two features, the normalized PSSM and the best-selected feature of the ProtBert output.

Results:
Our model gave very good results on the independent test dataset with 97.3% sensitivity and
95.9% specificity. Comparison with current state-of-the-art models shows that our model is superior.
We have also installed iAnt as an online website with a friendly interface available at a website: http:
//antixiodant.nguyenhongquang.edu.vn.

Conclusion:
iAnt has been developed to accurately identify the antioxidant protein. It shows results
outperforming the existing state-of-the-art methods; it is also available online.
Concomitant use of Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitor and Mepolizumab in Asthma
Secondary to Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with Hypereosinophilia
Authors: Gidaro Antonio , Salvi Emanuele , Carraro Maria Cristina , Rossi Roberta Simona , Castelli Roberto 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Asthma and hypereosinophilia have been treated with different therapeutics
in the past. Some of them appear to be more effective in symptoms resolution and decreasing
eosinophilic count.

Case Presentation:
We report here an unusual case of asthma with hypereosinophilia secondary to
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) with high prevalence of eosinophilic infiltrate, treated simultaneously
with an anti-IL-5 antibody (Mepolizumab) and Tyrosine-kinase Inhibitors (TKI: Imatinib
and Bosutinib) for three years. The patient showed a promising reduction of pulmonary exacerbations
and good control of CML without developing side effects.

Conclusion:
We hope that this finding could inspire further studies on the efficacy and safety of
the concomitant use of anti-IL-5 and TKI.
Investigation of Artificial Ageing of PVC Stabilized with Epoxidized Sunflower Oil as Biobased Derivative
Authors: Gallouze Nadia , Belhaneche-Bensemrab Naima , Commereuc Sophie , Verney Vincent 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
The objective of this work is to study the artificial ageing of semi-rigid and
plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) stabilized with epoxidized sunflower oil (ESO) as a biobased
derivative in combination with zinc and calcium stearates.

Methods:
For comparison, a formulation of PVC plasticized and stabilized with epoxidized soya
bean oil (ESBO) was considered. Artificial ageing was carried out during the 304 hours. Samples
were taken off after: 48, 146, 234 and 304 hours and then characterized. The evolution of density,
glass transition temperature and morphology, was followed as a function of the time. The structural
modifications of polymer were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated
total reflectance and transmission modes.

Results:
The results showed a little decrease of density, a considerable increase of the glass transition
temperatures values and a change of morphology. All changes in the properties of PVC relate
to formation of new chemical structures.

Conclusion:
Globally, it was found that ESO exhibited similar performances to those of ESBO.
Characteristics and Quality of Mobile Apps Containing Prenatal Genetic Testing Information: Systematic App Store Search and Assessment
Authors: Wu Ko-Lin , Alegria Rebeca , Gonzalez Jazzlyn , Hu Harrison , Wang Haocen , Page Robin , Robbins-Furman Patricia , Ma Ping , Tseng Tung-Sung , Chen Lei-Shih 
Published: August 2021

Background
Prenatal genetic testing is an essential part of routine prenatal care. Yet, obstetricians often lack the time to provide comprehensive prenatal genetic testing education to their patients. Pregnant women lack prenatal genetic testing knowledge, which may hinder informed decision-making during their pregnancies. Due to the rapid growth of technology, mobile apps are a potentially valuable educational tool through which pregnant women can learn about prenatal genetic testing and improve the quality of their communication with obstetricians. The characteristics, quality, and number of available apps containing prenatal genetic testing information are, however, unknown.

Objective
This study aims to conduct a firstreview to identify, evaluate, and summarize currently available mobile apps that contain prenatal genetic testing information using a systematic approach.

Methods
We searched both the Apple App Store and Google Play for mobile apps containing prenatal genetic testing information. The quality of apps was assessed based on the criteria adopted from two commonly used and validated mobile app scoring systems, including the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) and the APPLICATIONS evaluation criteria.

Results
A total of 64 mobile apps were identified. Of these, only 2 apps were developed for a specific prenatal genetic test. All others were either pregnancy-related (61/64, 95%) or genetics-related (1/64, 2%) apps that provided prenatal genetic testing information. The majority of the apps (49/64, 77%) were developed by commercial companies. The mean quality assessment score of the included apps was 13.5 (SD 2.9), which was equal to the average of possible theoretical score. Overall, the main weaknesses of mobile apps in this review included the limited number of prenatal genetic tests mentioned; incomprehensiveness of testing information; unreliable and missing information sources; absence of developmental testing with users (not evidence based); high level of readability; and the lack of visual information, customization, and a text search field.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the quality of mobile apps with prenatal genetic testing information must be improved and that pregnant women should be cautious when using these apps for prenatal genetic testing information. Obstetricians should carefully examine mobile apps before referring any of them to their patients for use as an educational tool. Both improving the quality of existing mobile apps, and developing new, evidence-based, high-quality mobile apps targeting all prenatal genetic tests should be the focus of mobile app developers going forward.
Aqueous Film Coating the Current Trend
Authors: Saikh Mahammed Athar Alli 
Published: August 2021

The presentation of this work aims to update professionals involved with aqueous film coating (AFC) of pharmaceuticals on facts associated with film coating (FC) based on aqueous solvent (AS). Initially sugar coating (SC) was the first choice of pharmaceutical industry and much time and efforts were spent in perfecting the techniques and processes of SC. Long processing time and demand for operator skill as in SC compelled them to develop FC. The FC of substrate is achieved by spraying solution of diverse polymer in AS or volatile organic solvent (VOS). Initially, use of VOS in the FC is preferred over AS, as latter inherits problems like sticking, picking, over-wetting, and many more. Momentum for using AS based FC and replacing the VOS based one with the aqua based one got accelerated from last few decade for reasons like safety, toxicity, stricter regulation on environmental pollution, and economy. Nowadays coating techniques & process relies mostly on AS due to its significant benefits over VOS. Functional properties of the film-coated pharmaceuticals depends greatly on film forming polymer (FFP) along with other factors like process, equipment, technology, additives, and many others. Summarised information on technical aspect of AFCs is rare, necessitating this work. Thus information gathered, summarised, studied, and hereby is attempting to be presented in a convenience way for enriching stakeholders in the pharmaceutical field. The presentation is for updating professionals in this regard.
Key words: Aqueous, dispersion, film-coating, latex, polymer.
Development and Validation of TLC of Flavonoid from the Ethanolic Extract of Plant Enhydra fluctuans
Authors: Pahari Sandip Kumar , Panda Shambo , Manna Sourav , Mukhopadhyaya Projjal , Mahato Ujjal , Biswal Bishnupada 
Published: August 2021

Thin layer chromatography is a technique or an analytical tool to separate the bioactive compound from the mixture of components. In current research work special attention was given to develop specific solvent system and to validate the principle of separation of Flavonoid. The ethanolic extract of plant namely Helencha (in Bengali) was selected for such purpose. After several trials, the presence of Flavonoid which was confirmed by qualitative evaluation and was sepahjvvrated successfully under this study and the process was validated under the circumstances of ICH Guideline. The plant not only contained Flavonoid but there were the presence of little quantity of Alkaloid, Saponin and Tannins also. Due to presence of Flavonoid the ethanolic fraction of the plant may be evaluated for Anti-inflammatory and Anthelmintic activity for further research. The plant Helencha is known as Enhydra fluctuans belongs to the family Astereceae. According to folklore claim the plant is useful for nutrition purpose. Not only that the plant is also useful in Dropsy, anasarca and snake bite. As per the literature survey, the plant has Antioxidant and Analgesic activity. Here the total attention was given to separate Flavonoid from the mixture of Components present in the ethanolic fraction of the leaves of the plant.
Keywords: Flavonoid, Alkaloid, ICH Guideline, Enhydra fluctuans, Dropsy, Anaasrca.