bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Carnegie–Chicago Hubble Program. IX. Calibration of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch Method in the Megamaser Host Galaxy, NGC 4258 (M106)*
Authors: Jang In Sung , Hoyt Taylor J. , Beaton Rachael L. , Freedman Wendy L. , Madore Barry F. , Lee Myung Gyoon , Neeley Jillian R. , Monson Andrew J. , Rich Jeffrey A. , Seibert Mark 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the nearby galaxy NGC 4258, the well-modeled orbital motion of H2O masers about its supermassive black hole provides the means to measure a precise geometric distance. As a result, NGC 4258 is one of a few “geometric anchors” available to calibrate the true luminosities of stellar distance indicators such as the Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) or the Cepheid Leavitt law. In this paper, we present a detailed study of the apparent magnitude of the TRGB within NGC 4258, using publicly available HST observations optimally situated in the unreddened stellar halo along the minor axis, spanning distances ranging from 8 to 22 kpc in projected galactocentric radius, or

(13 kpc) to

(66 kpc) in distance along the semimajor axis. We undertake a systematic evaluation of the uncertainties associated with measuring the TRGB in this galaxy, based on an analysis of 54 arcmin2 of HST/ACS imaging. After quantifying these uncertainties, we measure the TRGB in NGC 4258 to be F814W0 = 25.347 ± 0.014 (stat) ± 0.042 (sys) mag. Combined with a recent 1.5% megamaser distance to NGC 4258, we determine the absolute luminosity of the TRGB to be

(stat) ± 0.048 (sys) mag. This new calibration agrees to better than 1% with an independent calibration presented in Freedman et al. that was based on detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs) located in the LMC.
Predictors of Concussion Nondisclosure in Collegiate Student-Athletes
Authors: Anderson Morgan , Petit Kyle M. , Wallace Jessica , Covassin Tracey , Beidler Erica 
Published: January 2021

Context
Mandated concussion education has aimed to improve student-athlete knowledge; however, some collegiate student-athletes continue to not disclose concussion. Concussion knowledge may not be the only factor influencing reporting, as student-athlete sex, sport, and pressure from external stakeholders (eg, coaches, teammates, fans, parents or family) have all been documented as influencing collegiate concussion-reporting behavior.

Objective
To examine predictors of concussion nondisclosure in collegiate student-athletes.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Four National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I and two Division II universities.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 1125 collegiate student-athletes completed the survey, and 741 provided viable responses and were included for data analysis.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We used a 10- to 15-minute electronic or paper-and-pencil survey that asked about personal and sport demographics, diagnosed concussions and nondisclosed concussion history, concussion knowledge, and level of agreement regarding pressure to play after a head impact experienced during collegiate sport participation. Significant univariable predictor variables were entered into a multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
Sex (P = .005), sport-risk type (P &lt; .001), diagnosed concussion history (P &lt; .001), concussion knowledge (P = .017), and pressure from coaches (P &lt; .001), teammates (P &lt; .001), fans (P = .024), and parents or family (P = .003) were predictors of concussion nondisclosure in individual univariable logistic regressions. After we conducted multivariable analyses, male sex (P = .001), high concussion-risk sport participation (P = .048), diagnosed concussion history (P &lt; .001), increased concussion knowledge (P = .013), and experiencing pressure from coaches to continue playing after sustaining a hit to the head (P = .002) were predictors of concussion nondisclosure in collegiate student-athletes.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that concussion-education programs should go beyond the identification of signs and symptoms to include the dangers of continuing to play, long-term consequences, and transparency about concussion protocols. Comprehensive concussion-education programs should involve coaches and athletes to improve the reporting culture.
Public Administration and Democracy: The Virtue and Limit of Participatory Democracy as a Democratic Innovation
Authors: Karimi Sirvan 
Published: January 2021

The expansion of public bureaucracy has been one of the most significant developments that has marked societies, particularly Western liberal democratic societies. Growing political apathy, citizen disgruntlement and the ensuing decline in electoral participation reflects the political nature of governance failures. Public bureaucracy, which has historically been saddled with derogatory and pejorative connotations, has encountered fierce assaults from multiple fronts. Out of these sharp criticisms of public bureaucracy that have emanated from both sides of the ideological spectrum, attempts have been made to popularize and advance citizen participation in both policy formulation and policy implementation processes as innovations to democratize public administration. Despite their virtue, empowering connotations and spirit-uplifting messages to the public, these proposed practices of democratic innovations not only have their own shortcomings and are conducive to exacerbating the conditions that they are directed to ameliorate but they also have the potential to undermine the traditional administrative and political accountability mechanisms.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN GURU KELAS DALAM MENGAJAR IPA DENGAN MENERAPKAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK
Authors: WIJAYA MARTA 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian berlatar belakang dari kurang berpariasinya model pembelajran didalam kelas yang di terapkan oleh guru, kebanyakan guru masih menerapkan model pembelajran konvensional/ceramah di SDN Sindangjaya 02 Kecamatan Cabangbungin Kabupaten Bekasi. Oleh karena itu peneliti ingin mengupayakan peningkatan keterampilan mengajar guru dengan menggunakan pendekatan saintifik pada pelajaran IPA. Tujuan penelitian untuk meningkatkan Keterampilan Guru Kelas dalam Mengajar IPA guru kelas di SDN Sindangjaya 02 Kecamatan Cabangbungin Kabupaten Bekasi di tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah dengan dua siklus dan masing-masing siklus melalui empat tahapan, yaitu perencanaan (planning), Tindakan (acting), observasi (observing), dan refleksi (reflection). Teknik pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan penilaian langsung terhadap Keterampilan Guru Kelas Dalam Mengajar IPA yang dilakukan Guru didalam kelas. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif, kualitatif. Persentase ketercapaian Aspek Penilaian Pendekatan saintifik rata-rata Keterampilan Guru Kelas Dalam Mengajar IPA pada prasiklus adalah 40%, siklus I meningkat menjadi 50% dan siklus II meningkat menjadi 90%. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil bahwa keterampilan guru dengan penerapan pendekatan saintifik telah meningkat secara sangat baik di SDN Sindangjaya 02 Kecamatan Cabangbungin Kabupaten Bekasi tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 sehingga layak untuk diterapkan.
PENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM MENYUSUN KURIKULUM 2013 MELALUI PENERAPAN SUPERVISI
Authors: YUNINGSIH MARYATI 
Published: January 2021

Penyusunan Kurikulum 2013 dilakukan oleh satuan pendidikan dengan memperhatikan dan berdasarkan kompetensi inti (KI) serta kompetensi dasar (KD) yang dikembangkan oleh BSNP. Namun kondisi yang terjadi saat ini di sekolah binaan peneliti masih ditemukan masalah dalam penyusunan Kurikulum 2013 oleh satuan pendidikan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi awal peneliti, Kurikulum yang disusun oleh Tim Pengembanag Kurikulum (TPK) pada satuan pendidikan SDN Jayabakti 02 Kecamatan Cabangbungin masih belum memenuhi standar seperti yang dikeluarkan dalam panduan pengembangan kurikulum menurut BSNP. Oleh karena itu masalah dalam penyusunan Kurikulum 2013 ini perlu segera diatasi dan dituntaskan. Sebagai pembina sekolah, pengawas satuan pedidikan tentu harus memahami kebijakan-kebijakan yang terkait dengan Kurikulum 2013. Lebih dari itu ia juga harus menguasai setiap proses, tahapan, maupun teknis penyusunan Kurikulum 2013. Dengan kemampuan tersebut, maka pengawas dapat membantu para kepala sekolah dan guru dalam menyusun Kurikulum 2013 dengan melakukan supervisi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, dengan subjek penelitian kepala sekolah dan guru di SDN Jayabakti 02 Kecamatan Cabangbungin Kabupaten Bekasi. Pelaksanaan penilaian dengan menerapkan supervisi, kemampuan tim penyusun kurikulum di SDN Jayabakti 02 Kecamatan Cabangbungin menunjukkan peningkatan yang berarti. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari persentase keberhasilan dalam menyusun Kurikulum 2013 berdasarkan penilaian Kurikulum 2013 yang dibuat setelah melakukan tindakan pada siklus kesatu mencapai rata-rata 79,06%, pada siklus kedua mencapai rata-rata sebesar 87,78%. Secara umum penelitian yang dilakukan ini sudah berhasil, karena indikator keberhasilan penelitian yang ditargetkan sebesar 80,00% telah tercapai pada siklus kedua.Penerapan supervisi pengawas dalam membina kemampuan tim penyusun kurikulum dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menyusun Kurikulum 2013.Dalam supervisi ini pengawas sekolah melakukan pembinaan kepada tim penyusun kurikulum untuk berlatih menyusun Kurikulum 2013 sampai benar-benar paham dan cakap dalam membuat Kurikulum 2013.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI SINDANGSARI 03 PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS MATERI KENAMPAKAN ALAM DI INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK JIGSAW
Authors: SURYATI SURYATI 
Published: January 2021

Perbaikan pembelajaran ini dilakukan di kelas IV tentang kenampakan alam di Indonesia. Masih rendahnya hasil belajar siswa dalam materi kenampakan alam di Indonesia, yaitu tingkat ketuntasan 33,33%. Perbaikan pembelajaran bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah hasil belajar siswa kelas IV dalam pembelajaran IPS tentang kenampakan alam di Indonesia dapat ditingkatkan melalui metode Cooperative Learning teknik jigsaw di SDN Sindangsari 03. metode Jigsaw, terdapat kelompok asal dan kelompok ahli. Kelompok asal gabungan dari beberapa ahli. Kelompok ahli yaitu kelompok siswa terdiri dari anggota kelompok asal yang berbeda yang ditugaskan untuk mempelajari dan mendalami topik tertentu dan dijelaskan kepada anggota kelompok asal. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pra siklus nilai rata-rata siswa 52,33 menjadi 66.66 pada siklus I dan menjadi 81.66 pada siklus II. Berdasarkan ketuntasan KKM, pada pra siklus dari 30 siswa sebanyak 10 siswa (33.33%) yang mendapat nilai di atas KKM. Pada siklus I siswa yang mencapai KKM 16 siswa (53.33%), pada siklus II siswa yang mencapai KKM 27 siswa (90.00%). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode Cooperative Learning teknik jigsaw dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV pada pembelajaran IPS tentang kenampakan alam di Indonesia di SDN Sindangsari 03.
GAIT NORMALITY THROUGH DYNAMIC BAROPODOMETRY IN HEALTHY ADOLESCENTS - PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: da Conceição Costa Maria , de Carvalho Silva Fabiana , Pereira Soares Renata , da Silva Lima Eider , Jhonny Paniagua Condori Robin , Ferreira Costa Tiago , Natour Jamil , Teresa Terreri Maria , Arnaldo Len Claudio 
Published: January 2021

, , ,	http://reumatologia.org.br/downloads/anais/%28R%29%2017831.pdf
Successful Treatment of Congenital Lobar Emphysema in Multiple Lung Lobes in an English Bulldog Puppy
Authors: Regier Penny J. , Gallastegui Aitor , Craft William F. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTA 5 mo old male intact English bulldog was evaluated at a veterinary referral hospital for acute respiratory distress and chronic difficulty breathing. Thoracic radiographs revealed multifocal pulmonary hyperinflation and hyperlucency suspected in the left caudal and accessory lung lobes. A thoracic computed tomography scan identified severe diffuse enlargement of the caudal subsegment of the left cranial lung lobe and the dorsal process of the accessory lung lobe, with parenchymal hypoattenuation, rounded margins, and thin pulmonary vessels. Based on clinical signs and imaging findings, he was diagnosed with suspect congenital lobar emphysema in multiple lung lobes. A median sternotomy was performed, which revealed a hyperinflated, emphysematous left cranial lung lobe (caudal subsegment) and accessory lung lobe for which two lung lobectomies were performed. The remaining lung lobes were small and atelectatic. Histopathology revealed bronchial cartilage hypoplasia and aplasia and findings consistent with congenital lobar emphysema. The puppy recovered well from surgical treatment of congenital lobar emphysema, requiring multiple lung lobectomies, with subsequent computed tomography–evidenced re-expansion of the remaining lung lobes 3 mo after surgery. The patient is still alive 1 yr after surgery with a normal activity level and no evidence of respiratory compromise.
Ocean Electric Field Tests of Carbon Fiber Electrodes Prepared by Nitric Acid Oxidation
Authors: SONG Yusu , LI Hongxia , WANG Yueming 
Published: January 2021

The concentrated nitric acid oxidation was chosen as the surface treatments on carbon fibers in this paper. Treated carbon fibers were subjected to subsequent processing and forming, the electrodes applied in marine electric field detection were prepared. The electrochemical properties that related to practical application in marine electric field detection such as potential stability, polarization and cyclic voltammetry performance, the electrochemical impedance and the self-noise were characterized, thus an electrochemical evaluation system was formed to optimize the oxidation technology. Combining with the TGA and FTIR, the physical properties of carbon fibers were characterized and some oxidation laws were induced. The results indicate that the carbon fiber electrode prepared by oxidation 4 hours at 110 ℃ has the best electrochemical performance for detection.
Microwave and Induction Heating-Assisted Biosynthesis of 12CaO 7Al2O3 Electride from Aloe Vera Leaf Extract
Authors: LANGLAR Waramon , AEIMBHU Areeya , LIMSUWAN Pichet , RUTTANAPUN Chesta 
Published: January 2021

The white powders used as precursor powders for the synthesis of 12CaO×7Al2O3 electride (C12A7:e-) were prepared by biosynthesis method using Aloe vera extract and microwave assisted synthesis. The C12A7:e- crystals were synthesized by induction heating process under a reducing atmosphere at different times of 3, 4 and 5 min. The structure of C12A7:e- powders was characterized by X-ray diffraction. The XRD analysis revealed that pure C12A7:e- powders were obtained from white precursor powders with an induction heating process time of 5 min. To confirm that the white precursor powders were transformed into C12A7:e- after induction heating process for 3, 4 and 5 min, the optical absorption spectra of powders were investigated by an UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrometer in the wavelength range of 200 – 800 nm. The results show the optical absorption bands at 2.8 eV for the white precursor powders with induction heating time of 3, 4 and 5 min. This is due to the C12A7 was transformed into electride (C12A7:e-). Therefore, the results on the optical absorption spectra are in good agreement with the XRD results.
Self-cleaning and Antibacterial Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles on Cotton Fabric Treated with Maleic Acid
Authors: NOURBAKHSH Shirin 
Published: January 2021

Bi-functional finishes of cotton such as wrinkle resistance with antibacterial and self-cleaning are important in textile industry. In this case, reducing cost and duration of processing is essential. For this purpose, cotton fabric was treated with different concentrations of maleic acid (MA), sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) and Zno nanoparticles in two methods of separately and simultaneously. Crease recovery angle and weight gain tests were examined. For measuring carboxylic acid groups of maleic acid treated cotton fabrics, methylene blue dye was used, and then, reflective spectrophotometer was used to determine methylene blue dye absorption .Self-cleaning and antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles treated cotton fabric were investigated. For measuring zinc amount, atomic absorption analysis was applied. As the Maleic acid concentration increased, weight gain, crease recovery angle and color yield increased. Color difference or self-cleaning effect of treated fabrics showed that by increasing maleic acid concentration, color difference increased in separate method. In simultaneous treatment, by increasing MA concentration and cross-linked sites, there was a slight increase in ∆E and self-cleaning effect. Results indicated that ZnO nanoparticles amount in separate method of treatment increased as compared with simultaneous method. Antibacterial performance decreased for simultaneous method of ZnO nanoparticles treatment.
Hacia un ecosistema de investigación sobre formación profesional en España
Authors: Echeverría Samanes Benito , Martínez Clares Pilar 
Published: January 2021

La mejor forma de fomentar la Investigación sobre Formación Profesional en España (IFPE) es a través de un ecosistema que conecte el potencial tecnológico, investigador, innovador y de emprendimiento con las infraestructuras y talento de sus investigadores y agentes sociales y se refuerce con principios, políticas e inversiones de la estrategia a seguir. Un buen ecosistema de IFPE difícilmente se puede configurar, sin redes sólidas de conexión entre la ciencia, actores socio- económicos y la sociedad en general. Como en otros muchos campos de la actividad, las innovaciones en FP surgen de los intercambios y colaboraciones entre investigadores, centros de formación, universidades, empresas e inversores. Para alcanzar los objetivos, directa o indirectamente relacionados con la FP, ha de implicarse todos los actores /agentes: gobierno, sector privado, sociedad civil y personas particulares. Construir una cultura de investigación e innovación en FP supone un continuo proceso de reflexión-acción-reflexión, que ofrezca espacios reales de intercambio, participación y toma de decisiones sobre su importante función en el desarrollo de la FP. Probablemente éste sea la mejor vía para superar su deficiente reconocimiento social en España y lograr que se convierta en motor de las transformaciones, que necesita nuestra sociedad. Sin duda alguna, experimentar y hacer ciencia en el arte de la formación de aprendices contribuye a la capacitación del capital humano, generador de los cambios y estimula su desarrollo profesional.
The best way to promote Research about Vocational Education and Training in Spain (IFPE in Spanish) is through an ecosystem that connects the technological, investigative, innovative and entrepreneurial potential with the infrastructures and talent of its researchers and social agents and is reinforced by principles, policies and investments of the strategy to follow. A good IFPE ecosystem cannot be constructed without strong networks of connection between science, socioeconomic actors and society in general. As in many other fields of activity, innovation and research in vocational training arise from exchanges and collaborations between researchers, training centers, universities, companies and investors. To achieve the objectives, directly or indirectly related to vocational education and training (VET), all actors must be involved: the government, the private sector, civil society and individuals. Building a culture of research and innovation in VET involves a continuous process of reflection-action-reflection, which offers real spaces for exchange, participation and decision-making on its important role in the development of VET. This is probably the best way to overcome its poor social recognition in Spain and make it become the engine of the transformation that our society needs. Without a doubt, experimenting in the art of training apprentices contributes to the training of human capital, generation of change and stimulation their professional development.
La justice narrative : l’acte de juger comme expérience herméneutique et éthique. Autour des sentiments de compassion et de culpabilité de la juge Mafalda
Authors: Landheer-Cieslak Christelle , Sautereau Cyndie 
Published: January 2021

Par une attention nouvelle aux récits de la pratique du droit, notamment à ceux qui ont été rédigés par ses acteurs (les justiciables, les juges ou les avocats), la justice narrative vise à (re)donner chair aux opérations juridiques et à considérer le rôle des sentiments dans la concrétisation du droit.
Dans cette perspective, le présent article aborde l’opération juridique qu’est l’acte de juger par l’analyse narrative du récit réflexif d’une juge de la Cour du Québec, la juge Mafalda, ainsi surnommée pour conserver son anonymat. Dans son récit, elle raconte un cas d’admissibilité à l’adoption où l’application du droit civil est douloureuse en raison de sa compassion pour des parents vulnérables à qui elle retire leur enfant, entraînant chez elle un fort sentiment de culpabilité. Par la narration de cette juge, l’acte de juger se révèle une expérience herméneutique et éthique complexe où l’interprétation des textes juridiques s’accomplit dans une relation singulière à soi, aux autres et aux institutions.
Comparison of the effects of two laser photobiomodulation techniques on bio-physical properties of Zea mays L. seeds
Authors: Hasan Mohammed , Hanafiah Marlia M. , Alhilfy Intsar H.H. , Aeyad Taha Ziad 
Published: January 2021

Background
Laser applications in agriculture have recently gained much interest due to improved plant characteristics following laser treatment before the sowing of seeds. In this study, maize seeds were exposed to different levels of laser treatment prior to sowing to improve their field performance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of pre-sowing laser photobiomodulation on the field emergence and growth of treated maize seeds.

Methods
The maize seeds were first photobiomodulated with two lasers: 1) a helium-neon (He–Ne) red laser (632.8 nm), and 2) a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) green laser (532 nm). Following three replications of randomized complete block design (RCBD), four irradiation treatments were applied (45 s, 65 s, 85 s, and 105 s) at two power intensities (2 mW/cm2 and 4 mW/cm2).

Results
Based on the results, maize seeds pretreated with a green laser and 2 mW/cm2 power intensity for 105 s exhibited the highest rate of seed emergence (96%) compared to the untreated control seeds with a lower seed emergence rate (62.5%). Furthermore, maize seeds treated with a red laser for 45 s showed an increased vigor index compared to the other treatment options and the control (P < 0.01). The treatment groups also showed statistically significant differences in seedling growth characteristics compared to the control group p < 0.01. The green laser produced a significant enhancement of about 24.20 cm in seedling length, 8.2 leaves/plant, and 3.4 cm in stem diameter compared to the untreated seeds. Moreover, the green laser treatment showed 57.4 days to anthesis, which was earlier than the untreated seeds (61.4 days). The results showed that the protein, oil, and starch contents of the seeds irradiated with the green laser were 17.54%, 6.18%, and 73.32%, respectively, compared to the seeds irradiated by the red laser with 16.51%, 6.33%, and 71.05%, respectively.

Conclusions
The photo biomodulation of maize seeds using a green laser light can improve the field emergence, seedling growth, and seed quality of the treated seed compared to the red laser treatment.