bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Private military and security companies in international law
Authors: Skuratova A. Yu. , Korolkova E. E. 
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION.The article analyses the sources of international law, national legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as that of certain foreign States regulating the operation of private military and security companies (PMSCs) in armed conflict. The article highlights the out-comes of the work of the UN Special Rapporteurs and Working Groups to study the activity of PMSCs and the impact it had on the observance of human rights. The authors further analyze the status of PMSC personnel under international humanitarian law. The article also looks at the positions expressed by the delegations of Member States during the discussion of the 2010 Draft Convention on Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and provides recommendations for developing an appropriate international regulatory framework. The authors also examined State practice of the implementation of the The Montreux Document on Pertinent International Legal Obligations and Good Practices for Statesт Related to Operations of Private Military and Security Companies During Armed Conflict related to the operation of private military and security companies during armed conflict.MATERIALS AND METHODS.The article contains an analysis of the main sources of international law, the documents drafted by the United Nations International Law Commission, special rapporteurs and working groups on the matter, and State practice. It also addresses Russian and foreign legal scholarship. From a methodological perspective, this study relied on the general scientific (analysis, synthesis, systemic approach) and private legal methods of knowledge (formal-legal, comparative legal studies).RESEARCH RESULTS.Based on the study, it is argued that an international treaty should be adopted to regulate the activities of PMSCs, which would establish mechanisms to monitor and hold PMSCs and their employees legally accountable.
Stream Sediment Geochemical Survey on Metamorphic Rock, Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Authors: Tonggiroh Adi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research is to conduct surface geological mapping to determine the lithologies that underlies the linear geochemical characteristics of Ag, As, Cd, Co,Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn by using stream sediment data. Furthermore, to know the distribution of these elements lithologically in the area. This study uses 10 sediment stream samples of 80 mesh up to 100 mesh which then chemical elements are analyzed with AAS. Alteration mineralization occcurs in quartz chlorite geneiss: quartz, epidote, chlorite, muscovite, sericite, calcite, monmorillonite, pyrite, sphalerite, bornite and chalcopyrite. Based on linearity analysis elements are grouped into three according to the significant value of 0.3 to 0.9, which are significant elements Ni, Pb=Cu=Zn and As, abundant elements in lateralization and sulphide mineralization. The geochemical characteristics of the Ni element reflect the associated distribution of ultramafic weathering which results are transported regionally and together with other elements as stream sediments. While Pb, Cu, Zn are related to quartz veins in metamorphic or intrusive rocks.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose in an Industrial Area, Dumai City, Riau, Indonesia.
Authors: Mairizki Fitri , Angga Risti Putri , Putra Arief Yandra 
Published: January 2021

Groundwater is the main water resource especially for daily water needs. Population growth and urbanization have increased demand for water while the availability of groundwater has decreased both in quality and quantity. Various human activities also produce industrial, agriculture and municipal waste that can pollute groundwater through leaching process. The purposes of this study are to determine the quality of groundwater around tofu industrial factory and its evaluation for drinking water based on Health Minister Regulation No.492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 and Government Regulation No.82 2001.The temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured by using YSI-Pro. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) were measured based on SNI 06-6989.2.2009 test method and SNI 06-698.72.2009 test method, respectively. Physically, groundwater had temperature average 28,60C, TDS 243 mg/L and EC 396 µS/cm. Almost all groundwater were acidic with pH average 5,6 and did not meet the drinking water quality requirements. Groundwater had COD average 78 mg/L, BOD average 36 mg/L and it were classified into moderate-heavy pollution. It indicated that groundwater may have been contaminated by organic material from tofu industrial wastewater. Therefore, groundwater should not be used as a source of drinking water.
论企业安全文化的重要性
Authors: 张 朋 , 袁 珊花 , 王 鹏 , 高 欣 
Published: January 2021

随着中国经济的快速发展，中国的社会主义建设已经达到了新的高度，公共管理将迎来更大的挑战。其中企业的安全文化的管理模式显得尤为重要。安全文化已经成为中国全面开展企业建设的重点任务，目前原有的企业的安全文化管理模式已经不能满足现代企业安全生产标准化的要求。 因此，安全是亘古不变的一个永恒的话题，对于一个企业来说，安全是企业长久稳定发展的根本保证。而安全文化在企业安全发展的过程中起到了举足轻重的作用，多个成功企业的例子证明了这一点。
El impacto del COVID-19 en el Trabajo Infantil del cantón Ambato provincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador
Authors: Cevallos Altamirano Andrés , Villalva Morales Mauricio Gabriel 
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo evidenciar que desde la llegada del COVID-19 al Ecuador, la declaratoria de emergencia son uno de los factores que dieron paso a una restricción de movilidad humana, para que, al pasar los meses el país se vea sumergiendo en una grave crisis en el orden económico y social. El Ecuador protege y garantiza de forma prioritaria el derecho de los niños y niñas en sus instrumentos normativos nacionales e internacionales. En consecuencia, el número de casos sobre trabajo infantil ha ido aumentando en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua. Pese a que, una de las principales responsabilidades del Ecuador y organismos internacionales es erradicar el trabajo infantil en todas sus formas, existe un aumento y una constante vulneración de derechos humanos fundamentales.
Algoritma Penjadwalan Distribusi Barang Berbasis Teknik Backward Scheduling (Studi Kasus: PT Ultra Jaya Milk Industry & Trading Company Tbk.)
Authors: Suhada Kartika , Liputra David Try , Arisandhy Vivi , Jeremy Tomy 
Published: January 2021

Backward scheduling adalah metode penjadwalan yang dilakukan secara urutan terbalik, dimana batas waktu penyelesaian (due date) sebagai titik awal penjadwalan. Penelitian terkait penggunaan metode tersebut telah banyak dilakukan. Penelitian sebelumnya banyak yang membahas penerapan metode penjadwalan, namun lebih difokuskan pada aktivitas produksi. Penelitian ini membahas penerapan metode backward scheduling untuk aktivitas distribusi. Objek penelitian adalah PT Ultra Jaya Milk Industry & Trading Company, Tbk. yang menghadapi permasalahan keterlambatan pengiriman barang. Javia dkk. (Javia dkk., 2019) telah berhasil mengembangkan algoritma yang dapat mengurangi jumlah keterlambatan tersebut, tetapi hasilnya belum cukup signifikan. Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian ini akan dirancang suatu algoritma penjadwalan distribusi barang yang dapat meminimasi jumlah keterlambatan dan total biaya keterlambatan yang timbul. Penerapan algoritma usulan dibandingkan algoritma Javia dkk. menghasilkan pengurangan dalam beberapa hal, yaitu: kebutuhan moda sebanyak 6 unit, jumlah kota yang mengalami keterlambatan pengiriman sebanyak 2 kota, jumlah moda yang terlambat sebanyak 3 unit, dan jumlah muatan yang terlambat sebanyak 18 pallet. Selain itu, durasi keterlambatan untuk 3 kota besarnya sama, namun untuk 2 kota lainnya tidak mengalami keterlambatan. Biaya penalty yang timbulpun berkurang sebesar Rp7,104,000,- atau 3.928%.
Kata kunci: penjadwalan, distribusi barang, backward scheduling
Variation Within Idiomatic Variation: Exploring the Differences Between Speakers and Idioms
Authors: Geeraert Kristina , Newman John , Baayen R. Harald 
Published: January 2021

Corpus-based research on idiomatic variation has shown that idioms can be utilized with an extensive range of variation, including the possibility of idioms occurring with adjectival modification (e.g. make rapid headway), lexical variation (e.g. the calm/lull before the storm), and partial forms (e.g. birds of a feather [flock together]). Previous experimental research eliciting variation within idioms has tended to focus on unintended ‘slips of the tongue’, or errors in production. To date, no experimental study has explored the creativity that speakers can employ when using idioms. This study, by contrast, aims to elicit conscious and spontaneous productions of idiomatic variation, exploring just how creative speakers can be when using idiomatic expressions. Participants were asked to create headlines for newspaper snippets using provided idioms. They were explicitly told that the expression did not have to be exact and that they could be as creative as they wanted. The headlines for each idiom and each speaker were then examined. Variational patterns are observed for both idioms and speakers. For instance, some idioms (e.g. jump on the bandwagon) typically occur with partial forms, lexical variation, and/or adjectival modification; whereas other idioms (e.g. call the shots) are predominantly used in their canonical form. Similarly, some speakers (e.g. Speaker 14037) demonstrated considerable flexibility and playfulness when using the expressions, while other speakers (e.g. Speaker 14020) preferred minimal, if any, modification to the idioms. These results not only converge with previous corpus-based findings, but they also highlight the individual differences between speakers, as well as reveal how creative and innovative speakers can be when using idiomatic expressions.
The Tatar-Russian Bilingualism in Early Childhood
Authors: Kyuchukov Hristo , Ushakova Oksana S. , Gazizova Farida S. 
Published: January 2021

The paper presents findings from psycholinguistic research with normally developing preschool Tatar-Russian bilingual children between the age of 4;0 to 6;0 years old. Forty children in total- twenty children between the age of 4;0 -5;0, and twenty children between the age of 5;0-6;0 were tested. Children with language impairment and mental disabilities were excluded from the study. All children attend a polylingual kindergarten, where the children learn in organized way the following three languages: their mother tongue - the state language of the Tatarstan - the Tatar language, Russian - the official language of the Russian Federation to which Tatarstan belongs, and English. The children were tested with two types of language tests: Syntactic test (wh-complement tests) and mix Tatar-Russian vocabulary test (comprehension and production). They were also tested with a psychological non-verbal Knock Tap test. All children were tested individually in a separate room by a native Tatar speaking and Russian speaking researcher. In order to avoid the influence of the language of testing on the results half of the children were tested with part of the tests in Tatar language and the other part in Russian language. The next day they were changing the languages and the tests. The research question we try to answer is: Do the children develop balanced bilingualism in the kindergarten age having in mind the educational system they are involved in or they are dominant in one of the two languages. The results of the children are analyzed with the ANOVA and SPSS Statistics. They show that the older children are better in all test. Regarding the language the younger children show poor results in Tatar and better results in Russian. The older children show equally good results in both languages. The paper discusses the classical theory of Skutnabb-Kangas (1981) and newest findings of Bialystok (2020) regarding the bilingualism and bilingual education from early ages and which factors play important role in successful development of balanced bilingualism from early age.
Managing Knowledge at the Time of Artificial Intelligence: An Explorative Study with Knowledge Workers
Authors: Manuti Amelia , Monachino Dalila 
Published: January 2021

In the evolutionary context of Industry 4.0, where machine learning and machine to machine technology are powerful tools for the maintenance and replicability of knowledge, the implementation of hybrid systems based on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents the key to organizational innovation and to the capitalization of knowledge. At the same time, the benefits of digital transformation for individuals and teams are often not so clear - and uncertainty surrounding the future often results in fear in those being impacted. Fear of changes to their job, fear of a job role change, job losses, being faced with learning new skills, new technology or new ways of working. Therefore, to secure the transition to the digitization organizations need to carefully support their human resources and to provide them with the reasons why they need to commit to change. In this perspective, the study aimed to investigate how high-qualified knowledge workers cope with this new situation. Yet, participants were a group of project managers, employed in some knowledge-based organizations, in which AI and digitalization systems are going to be introduced to improve replicability, circulation and storage of knowledge. The choice of this peculiar target of participants was guided by the acknowledgement of their important role within the organization, being project managers generally considered as agents of change. In view of the above, the main goal was to collect project managers’ expectations and fears about the upcoming integration of secularized company flows with performing process automation strategies. In-depth individual interviews were conducted and diatextual analysis was used to approach the discursive data collected. Results showed interesting insights both in terms of organizational management implications as well as of future research development. Participants showed clear awareness about the need to “go digital” to improve organizational performance and to stay competitive. However, they underlined the importance of parallel invest on human capital, improving crucial soft skills such as: openness to change, flexibility and the ability to work in a team, that could concretely support digital changes in procedures and work processes.
Keefektifan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Moodle terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Mahasiswa
Authors: Mayasari Dian , Pagiling Sadrack Luden 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan dari penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis moodle terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis mahasiswa. Sample dalam penelitian ini ialah mahasiswa yang mengontrak mata kuliah Kalkulus 1 sebanyak 28 mahasiswa di Universitas Musamus. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian pra-eksperimental menggunakan teknik analisis data One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket respon mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis moodle dan tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keefektifan penggunaan media pembelajaran berbasis Moodle dari nilai rata-rata angket respon peserta didik mencapai dengan kategori sangat baik. Perhitungan N-gain adalah dengan kategori sedang. Uji Paired Sample T-test memperoleh hasil tingkat signifikansi (efektif). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa antara pre-test sebelum menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis Moodle dan post-test setelah menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis moodle mengalami perbedaan yang signifikan Berdasarkan hasil beberapa uji disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran berbasis moodle dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah.

Kata kunci: Edmodo, Keefektifan, Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah
The Pengaruh Desentralisasi Dan Ketidakpastian Tugas Terhadap Kinerja Manajerial Dengan Sistem Akuntansi Manajemen Sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: WIJAYA HERMAN 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh variable Desentralisasi dan ketidakpastian tugas terhadap kinerja manajerial melalui sistem akuntansi manajemen (SAM) Disamping itu penelitan ini juga menguji pengaruh masing - masing variabel kontekstual dengan SAM, pegnaruh SAM terhadap kinerja manajerial baik secara langsung, maupun dengan dimoderasi kedua variabel kontekstual.Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah manajer fungsional dari perusahaan percetakan skala besar di Banten. sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 100 manajerial fungsional. Alat analisis dengan menggunakan Structural Equational Modelling (SEM) melalui Partial Least Square (PLS) dan Sobel Test.Dalam penelitian ini, desentralisasi memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhdap kinerja manajerial, ketidakpastian tugas memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja manajerial, sistem akuntansi manajemen memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja manajerial. Hasil uji pengaruh tak langsung terbukti ketidak pastian tugas berpengaruh terhadap kinerja manajerial yang dimediasi oleh Sistem Akuntansi Manajemen.
Kata Kunci : Ketidakpastian tugas, desentralisasi, sistem akuntansi manajemen, Kinerja manajerial
Trancendental Meditation Control Blood Sugar Levels On Elderly People
Authors: Damayanti Santi , Sucipta I Kadek Indra , Erwanto Rizky 
Published: January 2021

The proportion of diabetes melitus patient’s number increases along with age. The proportion of glucose tolerance disorder increases along with age among people in the 65-74 age group. The transcendental meditation therapy is a therapy to lower the cortisone hormone level, in order to increase the effectiveness of the insulin hormone. Objective to determine the effectiveness of transcendental meditation therapy on blood glucose level in elderly people. Methods research is a quasi experiment research with a pre and post test without control design, the research sample were selected using a consecutive sampling technique, as much as 31 respondents. The data collected were analyzed using Wilcoxon test. Result of statistic test before the meditation therapy showed a minimum value of 104 and maximum value of 420 with a median value of 179.00, and after the meditation therapy, the result showed minimum value of 85 and maximum value of 282 with a median value of 129.00. Result of the statistic test using Wilcoxon test showed a p-value =0.000(p-value<0.05) Conclusion is an influence of transcendental meditation therapy on blood glucose level in elderly people at BPSTW Yogyakarta Budi Luhur Unit, Kasihan Bantul.
ANALISIS KINERJA DISTRIBUSI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR (IPA) (STUDI KASUS IPA DAERAH PEJOMPONGAN I)
Authors: Waluyo Shidiq , Riris Riris 
Published: January 2021

Air adalah zat yang paling penting dalam kehidupan setelah udara, ¾ bagian tubuh kita terdiri dari air dan tidak seorangpun dapat bertahan hidup lebih dari 4-5 hari tanpa minum air. Di samping itu air juga dipergunakan untuk memasak, mencuci, mandi dan membersihkan kotoran yang ada di sekitar rumah,untuk keperluan industri, pertanian, pemadam kebakaran, tempat rekreasi, transportasi. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk di tiap tahunnya mengakibatkan kebutuhan air bersih yang digunakan tiap hari semakin meningkat. Tentu saja peningkatan kebutuhan air bersih tersebut mempengaruhi ketersediaan air bersih yang berhasil diolah. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih tersebut, perlu dilakukan evaluasi dan analisis terhadap kondisi instalasi pengolahan air yang saat ini dengan meninjau aspek teknis dan finansial dari instalasi tersebut. Aspek teknik yang ditinjau adalah evaluasi kondisi unit-unit pengolahan kondisi eksisting terhadap standar kriteriadesain, analisis kapasitas unit-unit pengolahan terhadap kebutuhan air hingga 20 tahun mendatang(Q20th) serta evaluasi kualitas air produksi terhadap standar Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010Sedangkan aspek finansial yang ditinjau adalah analisis pengaruh biaya produksi dan penjualan air bersih terhadap laba kotor IPA Pejompongan I. Variabel yang dikendalikan adalah biaya produksi seperti biaya sumber air bersih dan biaya pengolahan air bersih, biaya penjualan air bersih dan laba kotor. Dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan, diperlukan suatu evaluasi terhadap instalasi pengolahan air agar masalah tersebut dapat dikendalikan.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kondisi eksisting IPA Pejompongan I ditinjau dari aspek teknis, seperti: Memproyeksikan pertumbuhan penduduk di wilayah pelayanan IPA hingga 20 tahun, mengetahui kebutuhan air bersih, menganalisis kapasitas unit instalasi pengolahan air berdasarkan kriteria desain, mengevaluasi kapasitas unit pengolahan air, mengevaluasi kinerja air baku sesuai standar PP 82/2001, mengevaluasi kinerja air hasil produksi sesuai standar Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010, dan mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh biaya sumber air bersih, biaya pengolahan air dan hasil penjualan air bersih terhadap laba kotor yang diterima oleh IPA PJ.
ANALISIS KONDISI JALAN REL, SARANA-PRASARANA STASIUN PADA BEBERAPA STASIUN DI JABODETABEK
Authors: Halimah Siti 
Published: January 2021

Beberapa tahun terakhir seiring dengan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk di Jabodetabek, kondisi perkeretaapian senantiasa mengalami perubahan, dimulai dari perubahan jadwal perjalanan Kereta Commuter Line, perubahan manajemen sampai dengan perubahan perjalanan Kereta Commuter Line .Studi ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan yang meliputi identifikasi kondisi sarana dan prasarana commuter line dengan melakukan pengamatan langsung dan menganalisis dataprimer.Langkah pengamatan langsung merupakan tahap awal bagi penulis untuk dapat melakukan penelitian lanjutan dan menerus.Dari penelitian awal disimpulkan bahwa perbaikan pada manajemen, sarana prasaranaterus menerus perlu dilakukan untuk menjawab transportasi berkinerja tinggi dan sangat dibutuhkan bagi kehidupan masyarakat yang lebih baik di masa depan. Kata Kunci: Commuter Line, Sarana dan Prasarana, Kinerja,
MONITORING DETAK JANTUNG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SMARTPHONE ANDROID MELALUI MEDIA BLUETOOTH BERBASIS ATMEGA8
Authors: Riandy Erlangga Asep Saefullah, Fredy Susanto, Dan 
Published: January 2021

Teknologi di era globalisasi dan modernisasi seperti sekarang ini sudah sangat ber- kembang, dunia kedokteranpun sudah semakin modern dengan adanya alat-alat yang sudah terkomputerisasi. Hal ini dapat membantu dan mempermudah pekerjaan dokter dalam menganalisa penyakit. Banyak alat-alat kesehatan yang canggih digunakan untuk membantu memeriksa kesehatan pasien di rumah sakit modern. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari banyak dari kita yang ingin memeriksa kesehatan jantung tapi malas untuk berkunjung ke rumah sakit atau klinik. Karena terbentur biaya yang lumayan mahal apalagi untuk kalangan masyarakat menengah kebawah. Sistem Monitoring Detak Jantung Menggunakan Mikrokontroler ATMEGA 8 adalah sebuah Android Application yang menggunakan media sensor jantung dan smartphone android sebagai interfacenya, system ini memiliki kemampuan untuk memonitoring jantung manusia, data sensor yang dikirimkan ke mikrokontroller akan di proses untuk selanjutnya di tampilkan kedalam layar smartphone. Sehingga Sistem Monitoring Detak Jantung Menggunakan Mikrokontroler ATMEGA 8 adalah solusi untuk mempermudah kita dalam memeriksa kesehatan jantung tanpa harus ke dokter atau klinik, cukup tempelkan bagian dari tubuh kita ke sensor kemudian kita akan melihat kondisi kesehatan jantung kita dengan akurat Kata Kunci: Android, Monitoring, Mikrokontroller, Bluetooth.