bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highways Design Taking into Account Climatic Features in the Route Area
Authors: Самодурова Т. В. , Алимова Н. Ю. , Волокитина О. А. , Гладышева О. В. 
Published: December 2021

Постановка задачи. Для получения оптимальных проектных решений, удовлетворяющих условиям безопасности движения в сложных погодных условиях, необходимо сравнение вариантов автомобильных дорог по условиям снегонезаносимости. Такие расчеты должны стать составной частью системы автоматизированного проектирования САПР-АД. Результаты. Предложен системный поход к решению задачи, определен перечень информации, необходимой для проведения расчетов. Выполнен анализ результатов исследований по снегозаносимости дорог, проводимых в России и за рубежом. Предложены расчетные схемы и модели для оценки вариантов продольного профиля и земляного полотна автомобильной дороги по снегозаносимости. Предложены решения для оценки вариантов плана трассы с использованием карт с расчетными параметрами метелей. Выводы. Реализация предложенной методики проведения расчетов позволит на стадии проектирования оценить варианты автомобильной дороги по условиям снегозаносимости.
Statement of the problem. In order to obtain optimal design solutions that meet the conditions of safety traffic in difficult weather conditions, it is necessary to compare the options of highways according to the snow tolerance conditions. Such calculations should become an integral part of the CAD-AD computer-aided design system. Results. A systematic approach to solving the problem is set forth, a list of information necessary for calculations is identified. The results analysis of studies on the snow-bearing capacity of roads conducted in Russia and abroad is carried out. Calculation schemes and models are suggested to evaluate options for the longitudinal profile and the roadbed for the snow-bearing capacity. Solutions for evaluating variants of the route plan using maps with calculated parameters of snowstorms are proposed. Conclusions. The implementation of the proposed calculation methodology will make it possible at the design stage to evaluate the options of the highway according to the conditions of the snow-bearing capacity.
Computational Analysis of the Forces Distribution in a Metal Frame Structure Taking into Account Plastic Deformations of the Material
Authors: Варнавский В. С. , Габриелян Г. Е. , Востриков В. В. 
Published: December 2021

Постановка задачи. С целью снижения материалоемкости строительных конструкций нормативные документы рекомендуют учитывать пластические свойства стали в прочностных расчетах. Это требует развития соответствующих методов расчета с применением современного программного обеспечения. Результаты. Усовершенствована методика расчета плоского стального рамного каркаса на статическую нагрузку на основе принципа предельного равновесия с применением программно-вычислительного комплекса «ЛИРА». Исследован поэтапный характер разрушения конструкции при воздействии сверхнормативных нагрузок. Выводы. Показано, что применение пошагового метода нагружения позволяет моделировать поведение конструкции в ходе увеличения нагрузки. Проведенные исследования позволяют давать верхнюю оценку максимально возможной нагрузки, возникающей в исключительных условиях эксплуатации.
Statement of the problem. In order to reduce the material consumption of building structures, in regulatory documents it is recommend that the plastic properties of steel in strength calculations are taken into account. This requires the development of appropriate calculation methods by means of modern software. Results. The method of calculating a flat steel frame structure for static load based on the principle of limiting equilibrium using the design-computational complex LIRA has been improved. The gradual nature of structural failure under the influence of excessive loads is studied. Conclusions. It is shown that the application of the step-by-step loading method makes it possible to model the behavior of the structure during an increase in load. The studies allow us to provide an upper estimation of the maximum possible load that occurs under exceptional operating conditions.
Town Regulation of Negative Consequences in Areas of Flooding and Partial Flooding
Authors: Сухачева В. И. 
Published: December 2021

Постановка задачи. Градорегулирование в зонах затопления, подтопления является одной из самых актуальных проблем для российских регионов. Цель данной работы - дать понятие градостроительного регулирования в зонах затопления, подтопления, рассмотреть правовой режим этих зон, раскрыть существующие проблемы градорегулирования в зонах затопления, подтопления и дать предложения по их устранению, а также совершенствованию действующего законодательства. Результаты. Установлено, что градорегулирование является эффективным методом по предотвращению и устранению негативных последствий в зонах затопления, подтопления. Выявлен ряд проблем в градорегулировании, устранение которых позволит повысить эффективность предотвращения и устранения негативных последствий в зонах затопления, подтопления. Предложены пути решения обозначенных проблем градорегулирования. Выводы. Современные методы снижения ущерба от опасных гидрологических явлений, включая наводнения, требуют перехода от стратегии индивидуальной защиты объектов к комплексной системе мер, которая включает в себя прежде всего нормативно-правовое регулирование данного вопроса и ответственность за несоблюдение установленных норм и правил. Именно такой подход является необходимым элементом обеспечения стабильного экономического развития Российской Федерации, безопасности жизнедеятельности граждан и создания комфортных условий проживания.
Statement of the problem. Urban regulation in areas of flooding is one of the most pressing problems for Russian regions. The purpose of this work is to give the concept of urban planning regulation in areas of flooding, flooding, to consider the legal regime of zones of flooding, flooding, to reveal the existing problems of urban regulation in areas of flooding and partial flooding, and to give guidelines for their elimination and improvement of the current legislation. Results. It is established that city regulation in areas of flooding and partial flooding is an effective method for preventing and eliminating negative consequences in areas of flooding and partial flooding. A number of problems has been identified in urban regulation in areas of flooding and partial flooding, the elimination of which will increase the effectiveness of prevention and elimination of negative consequences in areas of flooding and partial flooding. The ways of solving the indicated problems of urban regulation are set forth. Conclusions. Modern methods of reducing damage from hazardous hydrological phenomena, including floods, require a transition from a strategy of individual protection of facilities to a comprehensive system of measures, which includes, most importantly, a legal regulation of this issue and responsibility for non-compliance with established norms and rules. It is this approach that is a necessary element of ensuring the stable economic development of the Russian Federation, the safety of citizens' and the creation of comfortable living conditions.
Effect of Aloe vera Hydrogel Application on Increasing the Number of Fibroblasts in Socket Wounds Post-Tooth Extraction: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Silvi Tiara Dewi  , Susanto Chandra 
Published: December 2021

Background. Aloe vera has been used as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immune-boosting agent since ancient time. Hydrogel is a polymeric material that can retain a significant amount of water component and can last as long as possible in the gingival sulcus because the hydrogel is hydrophilic. This study is the first study that seeks to explore the potential of Aloe vera in healing socket wounds after tooth extraction.
Methods. Twenty-five white rats of the Wistar strain were acclimatized for seven days before being included in the study. After acclimatization, the experimental animals were grouped into five groups. Evaluation of fibroblast response process with HE staining.
Results. There were differences in the mean number of fibroblasts in all groups. From the results of this study, it can be stated that there is an effect of the application of hydrogel Aloe vera 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and xylazine on the increase in the number of fibroblasts in socket wounds after tooth extraction in Rattus novergicus.
Conclusion. There is an effect of Aloe vera hydrogel application on increasing the number of fibroblasts in socket wounds after tooth extraction in Rattus novergicus.
Risk Factors Related to Decreased Vision in Primary School Children in Palembang
Authors: Hartono Dicky 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Visual acuity is the ability of the eye to see an object clearly, and this depends on the ability of the eye to accommodate. Myopia is one of the causes of a sharp decline in vision in children aged 8-12 years. Close working distance is one of the most frequently mentioned risk factors for myopia. Head and back posture that bends forward when reading or doing other close-up tasks causes a higher prevalence of myopia. This study was conducted to describe risk factors related to decreased vision in elementary school children.
Methods. The study was a descriptive research with a sample of 100 elementary school children taken by simple random sampling. Data was taken using a questionnaire and a Snellen chart.
Results. A total of 100 students participated in this study. Most of the participants were aged 11 years old. Based on visual acuity, 20 students have decreased right eye vision, and 21% have decreased left eye vision. Most respondents read every day for 1 hour time as many as 58 (58%) people and had screen time for less than 2 hours (52%). In addition, based on family history, most respondents had parents' glasses (73%).
Conclusion. More elementary school children had normal right and left eye vision than those with decreased vision. Most respondents have less screen time and less reading duration.
Lepton-driven Nonresonant Streaming Instability
Authors: Gupta Siddhartha , Caprioli Damiano , Haggerty Colby C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A strong super-Alfvénic drift of energetic particles (or cosmic rays) in a magnetized plasma can amplify the magnetic field significantly through nonresonant streaming instability (NRSI). While the traditional analysis is done for an ion current, here we use kinetic particle-in-cell simulations to study how the NRSI behaves when it is driven by electrons or by a mixture of electrons and positrons. In particular, we characterize the growth rate, spectrum, and helicity of the unstable modes, as well the level of the magnetic field at saturation. Our results are potentially relevant for several space/astrophysical environments (e.g., electron strahl in the solar wind, at oblique nonrelativistic shocks, around pulsar wind nebulae), and also in laboratory experiments.
Surveying the Giant H ii Regions of the Milky Way with SOFIA. III. W49A
Authors: De Buizer James M. , Lim Wanggi , Liu Mengyao , Karnath Nicole , Radomski James T. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present our third set of results from our mid-infrared imaging survey of Milky Way Giant H ii regions with our detailed analysis of W49A, one of the most distant, yet most luminous, GH ii regions in the Galaxy. We used the FORCAST instrument on the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) to obtain 20 and 37 μm images of the entire ∼5.′0 × 3.′5 infrared-emitting area of W49A at a spatial resolution of ∼3″. Utilizing these SOFIA data in conjunction with previous multiwavelength observations from the near-infrared to radio, including Spitzer-IRAC and Herschel-PACS archival data, we investigate the physical nature of individual infrared sources and subcomponents within W49A. For individual compact sources, we used the multiwavelength photometry data to construct spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and fit them with massive young stellar object (MYSO) SED models and find 22 sources that are likely to be MYSOs. Ten new sources are identified for the first time in this work. Even at 37 μm we are unable to detect infrared emission from the sources on the western side of the extremely extinguished ring of compact radio emission sources known as the Welch Ring. Utilizing multiwavelength data, we derived luminosity-to-mass ratio and virial parameters of the extended radio subregions of W49A to estimate their relative ages and find that overall the subcomponents of W49A have a very small spread in evolutionary state compared to our previously studied GH ii regions.
Are Type Ia Supernovae in Rest-frame H Brighter in More Massive Galaxies?
Authors: Ponder Kara A. , Wood-Vasey W. Michael , Weyant Anja , Barton Nathan T. , Galbany Lluís , Liu Shu , Garnavich Peter , Matheson Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We analyze 143 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed in H band (1.6–1.8 μm) and find that SNe Ia are intrinsically brighter in H band with increasing host galaxy stellar mass. We find that SNe Ia in galaxies more massive than 1010.43
M
⊙ are 0.13 ± 0.04 mag brighter in H than SNe Ia in less massive galaxies. The same set of SNe Ia observed at optical wavelengths, after width–color–luminosity corrections, exhibit a 0.10 ± 0.03 mag offset in the Hubble residuals. We observe an outlier population (

∣
Δ

H

max

∣
>
0.5

mag) in the H band and show that removing the outlier population moves the mass threshold to 1010.65
M
⊙ and reduces the step in H band to 0.08 ± 0.04 mag, but the equivalent optical mass step is increased to 0.13 ± 0.04 mag. We conclude that the outliers do not drive the brightness–host-mass correlation. Less massive galaxies preferentially host more higher-stretch SNe Ia, which are intrinsically brighter and bluer. It is only after correction for width–luminosity and color–luminosity relationships that SNe Ia have brighter optical Hubble residuals in more massive galaxies. Thus, finding that SNe Ia are intrinsically brighter in H in more massive galaxies is an opposite correlation to the intrinsic (pre-width–luminosity correction) optical brightness. If dust and the treatment of intrinsic color variation were the main driver of the host galaxy mass correlation, we would not expect a correlation of brighter H-band SNe Ia in more massive galaxies.
Interstellar Neutral He Parameters from Crossing Parameter Tubes with the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe Informed by 10 yr of Interstellar Boundary Explorer Observations
Authors: Schwadron N. A. , Möbius E. , McComas D. J. , Bower J. , Bower E. , Bzowski M. , Fuselier S. A. , Heirtzler D. , Kubiak M. A. , Lee M. A. , Rahmanifard F. , Sokół J. M. , Swaczyna P. , Winslow R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Sun's motion through the interstellar medium leads to an interstellar neutral (ISN) wind through the heliosphere. Several ISN species, including He, moderately depleted by ionization are observed with pickup ions and directly imaged. Since 2009, analyzed Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) observations returned a precise 4D parameter tube associated with the bulk velocity vector and the temperature of ISN flow distribution. This 4D parameter tube is typically expressed in terms of the ISN speed, the inflow latitudinal direction, and the temperature as a function of the inflow longitudinal direction and the local flow Mach number. We have used IBEX observations and those from other spacecraft to reduce statistical parameter uncertainties:

V

ISN
∞

=
25.99
±
0.18

km s−1,

λ

ISN
∞

=
75
.°
28
±
0
.°
13

,

β

ISN
∞

=
−5
.°
200
±
0
.°
075

, and

T

ISN
∞

=
7496
±
172

K. IBEX ISN viewing is restricted almost perpendicular to the Earth–Sun line, which limits observations in ecliptic longitude to ∼130° ± 30° and results in relatively small uncertainties across the IBEX parameter tube but large uncertainties along it. Operations over the last three years enabled the IBEX spin axis to drift to the maximum operational offset (7°) west of the Sun, helping to break the ISN parameter degeneracy by weakly crossing the IBEX parameter tubes: the range of possible inflow longitudes extends over the range

λ

ISN
∞

=
75
.°

28

−
2.21

+
2.27

and the corresponding range of other ISN parameters is

V

ISN
∞

=

25.99

−
1.76

+
1.86

km s−1,

β

ISN
∞

=
−5
.°

200

−
0.085

+
0.093

, and

T

ISN
∞

=

7496

−
1528

+
1274

K. This enhances the full χ
2 analysis of ISN parameters through comparison with detailed models. The next-generation IBEX-Lo sensor on IMAP will be mounted on a pivot platform, enabling IMAP-Lo to follow the ISN flow over almost the entire spacecraft orbit around the Sun. A near-continuous set of 4D parameter tube orientations on IMAP will be observed for He and for O, Ne, and H that cross at varying angles to substantially reduce the ISN flow parameter uncertainties and mitigate systematic uncertainties (e.g., from ionization effects and the presence of secondary components) to derive the precise parameters of the primary and secondary local interstellar plasma flows.
A new Gammarus&nbsp;species from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (China) with a key to Xinjiang freshwater gammarids (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridae)
Authors: Zhang Kui , Wang Jun , Ge Yihao , Zhou Qiong 
Published: December 2021

The Gammarus zhouqiongi sp. nov. are described and illustrated from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The new species is characterized by pereopods III-IV with long straight setae on posterior margins and inner ramus of uropod III 0.7 times as long as outer ramus. Detailed morphological comparisons with related species are discussed. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) sequence differs from the other Gammarus species in Xinjiang by 16.6%-32.4% in K2P distance. The mitochondrial (COI, 16S) and nuclear markers (28S, EF1α) show that the new species is an independent branch in the phylogenetic tree. A key to identify Gammarus species in the Xinjiang are also provided.
Infraspecific variation of some brown Parmeliae (in Poland) – a comparison of ITS rDNA and non-molecular characters
Authors: Szczepańska Katarzyna , Guzow-Krzemińska Beata , Urbaniak Jacek 
Published: December 2021

Infraspecific variation of the ITS rDNA region of some brown Parmeliae occurring in Poland is studied and compared with non-molecular characters. Haplotype networks are used to illustrate the variability within the species. Both newly-produced sequences from Central Europe and from all over the world, downloaded from the GenBank, are used.
The number of haplotypes found for each taxon ranged from five in Melanelia stygia to 12 in Melanelia hepatizon and Montanelia disjuncta; however, their numbers correlate with the number of specimens tested. New haplotypes for Melanelia agnata, M. hepatizon and Cetraria commixta are found. Based on our 169-sample dataset, we could not infer any geographical correlation, either locally or world-wide. Many of the analysed haplotypes were widely distributed and the same haplotype was often shared between temperate and polar populations. A comparison of molecular, morphological, anatomical and chemical characters also shows no correlation.
Fiction vidéoludique et réalité de la surveillance de masse. Orwell : Keeping an eye on you
Authors: Bonenfant Maude 
Published: December 2021

Cet article a pour objectif d’évaluer les effets sémiotiques d’un jeu vidéo fondé sur la thématique de la surveillance étatique de masse. Orwell : Keeping an eye on you (Osmotic Studios, 2016) contribue à une réflexion critique de cet enjeu social en suscitant un engagement aux frontières de la fiction et du réel. Grâce aux motifs de l’immersion et du panoptisme, le joueur est plongé dans la surveillance et ne peut en sortir, devenant à la fois surveillant et surveillé. Dans une première partie de l’article, l’organisation sémiotique et la narration du jeu sont présentées. Puis le rôle et la responsabilité du joueur dans le déroulement de l’histoire sont étudiés pour conclure avec une analyse de la structure panoptique du jeu. Le pouvoir de persuasion de cette forme de « littérature ergodique » sera discuté en conclusion à partir des effets de cette fiction vidéoludique sur le lecteur/joueur et citoyen.
Mise en ordre socio-morale et qualification pénale
Authors: Vanhamme Françoise 
Published: December 2021

Cette contribution vise à reconstituer la chaîne du traitement de l’information qui mène le juge correctionnel à qualifier l’événement dont il est saisi, dans une approche sociocognitive. Elle se fonde sur un an d’observation des pratiques judiciaires dans deux tribunaux belges. Selon notre perspective processuelle, la sélection d’un article du code pénal par le juge se base sur deux normes de surface caractérisées en contexte ; la première, à caractère socio-moral, se traduit en une seconde, à usage pénal. Or ces normes se particularisent au cours d’une catégorisation de la « gravité sociale de la cause ». Nous explorons dès lors les procédés interprétatifs qui participent principalement à cette catégorisation. Ils témoignent d’une variété d’inférences qui tentent de cerner, in fine, la dangerosité potentielle du justiciable. La contribution souligne le caractère dynamique et révisable de ces catégorisations. Elle pointe ensuite leur nécessaire intégration à la finalité de l’institution de la justice telle que conçue par les juges, soit la défense de l’ordre social, une mission éminemment socio-morale ; le processus de qualification et la catégorie juridique pénale retenue sont donc enracinés dans cette finalité.
Efficacy of Visual Encounter Surveys for Coastal Tailed Frog Detection
Authors: Millard-Martin Ben , Todd Melissa , Johnson Chris J. , McEwan Alexandria L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCoastal tailed frogs Ascaphus truei inhabit montane streams and forested habitats in the Coast and Cascade mountains from northern California to the Skeena River watershed in northwestern British Columbia. Terrestrial adults and juveniles of this cryptic biphasic species are difficult to survey as they are small, do not vocalize, and may be associated with woody ground structures or subsurface refugia at considerable distances from natal streams. We performed a comparative analysis of the detection rate of postmetamorphic coastal tailed frogs and ecological factors hypothesized to influence detection when conducting visual encounter and pitfall trap surveys. We conducted concurrent surveys in northwestern British Columbia at six sites over similar time periods using both techniques. The average detection rate of visual encounter surveys (mean = 0.249, SD = 0.702) was greater than that of pitfall sampling (mean = 0.138, SD = 0.773) when cool temperatures and high humidity favor aboveground movement during the daytime. Light-touch ground searches of refuge habitats likely enhanced detection during visual surveys. Although the average detection rate was less, pitfall traps provided 24-h sampling and were less affected by the experience of the surveyor and the occurrence of ground cover. In general, variation in seasonal behavior influenced detection regardless of method. The relatively higher cost and fixed nature of pitfall traps should be weighed against the ability to apply more cost-effective visual encounter surveys to a greater number of sites.