bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrences following treatment of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Proaño‐Haro Alex , Bagan Leticia , Bagan Jose V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundA systematic review and meta‐analysis were made of the incidence of recurrences in patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) subjected to different types of treatment.MethodsThe study was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. A literature search was made in the Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science databases, together with a manual search, covering the period from 1985 to January 2020, with no language restrictions. Studies were included if they described treatments applied to at least 10 patients with the corresponding outcomes. Methodological quality was evaluated using Jadad scale and Newcastle‐Ottawa tool. Global incidence was calculated by random effects meta‐analysis using the Comprehensive Meta‐analysis version 3.0 software. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and the Duval and Tweedie trim and fill method.ResultsOf the 922 identified articles, 12 were found to meet the inclusion criteria. Most of them presented moderate or low risk of bias. A total of 397 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 62.34 years and 248 were women (62.5%). The mean follow‐up was 79.3 months. The most frequent treatment was surgical removal with a cold scalpel or laser (339 patients). A total of 232 subjects presented lesion recurrence. The combination of proportions global effect meta‐analysis yielded a recurrence rate of 67.2% (95% CI: 48.3–81.8), with the absence of publication bias.ConclusionsThere is not enough scientific evidence to conclude that any treatment strategy is able to reduce the recurrence in PVL.
Characterization of the microbiome and immune response in corals with chronicMontiporawhite syndrome
Authors: Brown Tanya , Sonett Dylan , Zaneveld Jesse R. , Padilla‐Gamiño Jacqueline L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoral diseases have increased in frequency and intensity around the tropics worldwide. However, in many cases, little is known about their etiology.Montiporawhite syndrome (MWS) is a common disease affecting the coralMontipora capitata, a major reef builder in Hawai'i. ChronicMontiporawhite syndrome (cMWS) is a slow‐moving form of the disease that affectsM. capitatathroughout the year. The effects of this chronic disease on coral immunology and microbiology are currently unknown. In this study, we use prophenoloxidase immune assays and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterize the microbiome and immunological response associated with cMWS. Our results show that immunological and microbiological responses are highly localized. Relative to diseased samples, apparently healthy portions of cMWS corals differed in immune activity and in the relative abundance of microbial taxa. Coral tissues with cMWS showed decreased tyrosinase‐type catecholase and tyrosinase‐type cresolase activity and increased laccase‐type activity. Catecholase and cresolase activity were negatively correlated across all tissue types with microbiome richness. The localized effect of cMWS on coral microbiology and immunology is probably an important reason for the slow progression of the disease. This local confinement may facilitate interventions that focus on localized treatments on tissue types. This study provides an important baseline to understand the interplay between the microbiome and immune system and the mechanisms used by corals to manage chronic microbial perturbations associated with white syndrome.
A comparison of four different Nutritional Profile models in their scoring of critical nutrient levels in food products targeted at Brazilian children
Authors: Silva Alessandro Rangel Carolino Sales , Braga Luiza Vargas Mascarenhas , Anastácio Lucilene Rezende 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe implementation of front‐of‐pack labelling to assist consumers in making healthier food choices requires an appropriate Nutritional Profile Model (NPM) to be defined. However, four different models have been proposed in Brazil: the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the Brazilian Association of Food Industries (ABIA) and National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) less (1) and more restrictive (2) models. The present study aimed to use the information provided on the labels of eight ultra‐processed food categories selected from the most popular group of foods targeted at Brazilian children, to score critical nutrient levels according to the four different NPMs and compare the proportion of products categorised as ‘high’, ‘medium’ or ‘low’ according to each one. Labels (n = 409) were collected in supermarkets in Belo Horizonte‐MG, Brazil. Data were tabulated, and a comparison of the ‘high’ content of the four nutrients, total sugars, total and saturated fats and sodium, according to the four NPMs, was performed. Agreement between ‘high’, ‘medium’ and ‘low’ scores according to the different NPMs, in comparison with the PAHO model, was performed using the Kappa test. Of all ‘fruit’ drinks, 95% were considered as ‘high’ in total sugars by the PAHO model, while only 5% were categorised as ‘high’ by the ABIA and ANVISA 1 models. For total sugars, no product in the cakes, breakfast cereals and yogurts categories and only 5.7% of the sandwich cookies were categorised as ‘high’ by the ABIA model, while 100% of sandwich cookies were categorised as having a ‘high’ total sugars content by the PAHO and ANVISA models. Similar findings were observed for breakfast cereals, yogurts and corn snacks for the proportion of products scoring ‘high’ for saturated fats and sodium. Kappa's concordance analysis showed moderate to excellent agreement between the PAHO and ANVISA 2 models. It was observed that the PAHO model indicated more foods with a ‘high’ content of critical nutrients. We conclude that the ABIA model is more permissive when compared to the other models and the PAHO model more restrictive.
Changes in renal function and predictors affecting renal outcome of living kidney donors: a nationwide prospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Yunmi , Kim Min Ji , Lee Yu Ho , Lee Jung Pyo , Lee Jeong‐Hoon , Yang Jaeseok , Kim Myoung Soo , Kim Taehee , Kang Sun Woo , Kim Yeong Hoon ,   KOTRY study group
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe safety of donors is an important issue in living donor kidney transplantation. We investigated serial changes in renal function and predictors affecting the renal outcome of living kidney donors.MethodsWe obtained the data of 456 kidney donors registered to the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry from 2014 to 2016. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) changes according to the development of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) and factors related to CKD were analysed. CKD was defined as an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or the presence of proteinuria or albuminuria. The change in eGFR over time was analysed using a linear mixed model.ResultsAt 2 years after kidney donation, 21.7% of the donors (99/456) developed CKD. Annual eGFR changes after nephrectomy were 2.2 ml/min/1.73 m2/year in donors without CKD, and − 0.4 ml/min/1.73 m2/year in donors with CKD. Higher systolic blood pressure was associated with higher risk of CKD (odds ratio [OR] 1.322 per 10 mmHg increment, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.036–1.686, p = .025). Higher pre‐donation eGFR (OR 0.906 per 1 ml/min/1.73 m2 increment, 95% CI 0.876–0.936, p < .001) and higher ratio of eGFR at discharge to pre‐donation (OR 0.603 per 0.1 increment, 95% CI 0.426–0.849, p = .004) were related to lower risk of CKD.ConclusionKidney donors without incident CKD at 2 years after donation showed gradual increases in eGFR, whereas donors with CKD had relatively constant eGFR. A low ratio of eGFR at discharge after nephrectomy to baseline was a risk factor of CKD.
Breaks in peristaltic integrity predict abnormal esophageal bolus clearance better than contraction vigor or residual pressure at the esophagogastric junction
Authors: Rogers Benjamin D. , Cisternas Daniel , Rengarajan Arvind , Marin Ingrid , Abrahao Luiz , Hani Albis , Lequizamo Ana M. , Remes‐Troche José M. , Perez de la Serna Julio , Ruiz de Leon Antonio , Zerbib Frank , Serra Jordi , Gyawali C. Prakash 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) evaluates esophageal peristalsis and bolus transit. We used esophageal impedance integral (EII), the ratio between bolus presence before and after an expected peristaltic wave, to evaluate predictors of bolus transit.MethodsFrom HRIM studies performed on 61 healthy volunteers (median age 27 years, 48%F), standard metrics were extracted from each of 10 supine water swallows: distal contractile integral (DCI, mmHg cm s), integrated relaxation pressure (IRP, mmHg), and breaks in peristaltic integrity (cm, using 20 mmHg isobaric contour). Pressure and impedance coordinates for each swallow were exported into a dedicated, python‐based program for EII calculation (EII ratio ≥ 0.3 = abnormal bolus clearance). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess predictors of abnormal bolus clearance.Key ResultsOf 591 swallows, 80.9% were intact, 10.5% were weak, and 8.6% failed. Visual analysis overestimated abnormal bolus clearance compared to EII ratio (p ≤ 0.01). Bolus clearance was complete (median EII ratio 0.0, IQR 0–0.12) in 82.0% of intact swallows in contrast to 53.3% of weak swallows (EII ratio 0.29, IQR 0.0–0.57), and 19.6% of failed swallows (EII ratio 0.5, IQR 0.34–0.73,p < 0.001). EII correlated best with break length (ρ = 0.52,p < 0.001), compared to IRP (ρ: −0.17) or DCI (ρ: −0.42). On ROC analysis, breaks predicted abnormal bolus transit better than DCI or IRP (AUC 0.79 vs. 0.25 vs. 0.44,p ≤ 0.03 for each). On logistic regression, breaks remained independently predictive of abnormal bolus transit (p < 0.001).Conclusions & InferencesBreaks in peristaltic integrity predict abnormal bolus clearance better than DCI or IRP in healthy asymptomatic subjects.
Extraction of a very old His bundle pacing lead: A safe and effective procedure?
Authors: Migliore Federico , Dall'Aglio Pietro , Falzone Pasquale Valerio , Bertaglia Emanuele , Zanon Francesco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPermanent His bundle pacing (HBP) has rapidly been adapted into clinical practice in recent years as a physiologic pacing. The 3830 (Medtronic Inc, MN, USA) pacing lead commonly used for HBP is lumenless, and there are limited reports available on extraction of this lead. No data exists on transvenous lead extraction (TLE) of very old HBP lead. Concerns remain about injury to the conduction system during extraction and the lack of lumen for placing a locking stylet for TLE when powered sheaths are required. We reported a unique case of TLE of very old HBP lead (14 years and 3 months) and other two leads, such as passive atrial and passive right ventricular apex backup.
Anaphylaxis in children and adolescents: The Portuguese Anaphylaxis Registry
Authors: Gaspar Ângela , Santos Natacha , Faria Emília , Pereira Ana Margarida , Gomes Eva , Câmara Rita , Rodrigues‐Alves Rodrigo , Borrego Luís‐Miguel , Carrapatoso Isabel , Carneiro‐Leão Leonor , Morais‐Almeida Mário , Delgado Luís , Pedro Elisa , Branco‐Ferreira Manuel ,   Portuguese Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (SPAIC) Anaphylaxis Interest Group
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnaphylaxis is increasing at pediatric age; however, its characterization is hampered by underdiagnosis and underreporting. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of anaphylaxis in children and adolescents in Portugal, thus contributing to a better knowledge of its etiology, clinical manifestations, and management.MethodsDuring a 10‐year period, a nationwide notification system for anaphylaxis was implemented, with voluntary reporting by allergists. Data on 533 patients under 18 years of age with anaphylaxis were included.ResultsMean age was 8.5 ± 4.9 years, 61% were male; 45% had asthma. Mean age at the first anaphylaxis episode was 5.3 ± 4.7 years (ranging from 1 month to 17 years of age), 63% at pre‐school age. Most reactions occurred at home (57%). Food‐induced anaphylaxis was the leading cause (77%). The main culprit foods were cow's milk (32%), tree nuts (16%), shellfish (13%), egg (12%), fresh fruits (11%), fish (8%), and peanut (8%). Other causes included drugs (11%), insect sting (5%), cold‐induced anaphylaxis (4%), exercise‐induced anaphylaxis (2%), latex (1%), and idiopathic anaphylaxis (1%). Most patients (83%) were admitted to the emergency department; only 46% received adrenaline treatment. Recurrence of anaphylaxis occurred in 41% of the patients (3 or more episodes in 21%). An adrenaline autoinjector was used in 9% of the patients.ConclusionsIn the Portuguese pediatric population, food is the leading cause of anaphylaxis. Undertreatment with adrenaline and high recurrence of anaphylaxis highlight the need to improve both the diagnosis and the therapeutic management of this life‐threatening entity.
Clustering Based on Kolmogorov–Smirnov Statistic with Application to Bank Card Transaction Data
Authors: Zhu Yingqiu , Deng Qiong , Huang Danyang , Jing Bingyi , Zhang Bo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rapid developments in third-party online payment platforms now make it possible to record massive bank card transaction data. Clustering on such transaction data is of great importance for the analysis of merchant behaviours. However, traditional methods based on generated features inevitably lead to much loss of information. To make better use of bank card transaction data, this study investigates the possibility of using the empirical cumulative distribution of transaction amounts. As the distance between two merchants can be measured using the two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test statistic, we propose the Kolmogorov–Smirnov K-means clustering approach based on this distance measure. An approximation step is conducted to ensure the feasibility of the proposed method even for large-scale transaction data, and the associated theoretical properties are investigated. Both simulations and an empirical study demonstrate that our method outperforms feature-based methods and is computationally efficient for large-scale data sets.
Effects of physical and cognitive training on gait speed and cognition in older adults: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sipilä Sarianna , Tirkkonen Anna , Savikangas Tiina , Hänninen Tuomo , Laukkanen Pia , Alen Markku , Fielding Roger A. , Kivipelto Miia , Kulmala Jenni , Rantanen Taina , Sihvonen Sanna E. , Sillanpää Elina , Stigsdotter Neely Anna , Törmäkangas Timo 
Published: March 2021

Gait speed is a measure of health and functioning. Physical and cognitive determinants of gait are amenable to interventions, but best practices remain unclear. We investigated the effects of a 12‐month physical and cognitive training (PTCT) on gait speed, dual‐task cost in gait speed, and executive functions (EFs) compared with physical training (PT) (ISRCTN52388040). Community‐dwelling older adults, who did not meet physical activity recommendations, were recruited (n = 314). PT included supervised walking/balance (once weekly) and resistance/balance training (once weekly), home exercises (2–3 times weekly), and moderate aerobic activity 150 min/week in bouts of >10 min. PTCT included the PT and computer training (CT) on EFs 15–20 min, 3–4 times weekly. The primary outcome was gait speed. Secondary outcomes were 6‐min walking distance, dual‐task cost in gait speed, and EF (Stroop and Trail Making B‐A). The trial was completed by 93% of the participants (age 74.5 [SD3.8] years; 60% women). Mean adherence to supervised sessions was 59%–72% in PT and 62%–77% in PTCT. Home exercises and CT were performed on average 1.9 times/week. Weekly minutes spent in aerobic activities were 188 (median 169) in PT and 207 (median 180) in PTCT. No significant interactions were observed for gait speed (PTCT‐PT, 0.02; 95%CI −0.03, 0.08), walking distance (−3.8; −16.9, 9.3) or dual‐task cost (−0.22; −1.74, 1.30). Stroop improvement was greater after PTCT than PT (−6.9; −13.0, −0.8). Complementing physical training with EFs training is not essential for promotion of gait speed. For EF’s, complementing physical training with targeted cognitive training provides additional benefit.
Anthropology at the University of the South Pacific: From past dynamics to present perceptions
Authors: Kessler Kim Andreas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Pacific Island region is a key context in the history of anthropology. Yet, while much has been written about how anthropology of the Pacific Islands contributed to Anglo‐American anthropology, the discipline's institutional history in the Pacific Islands has received very little attention. This paper is the first to explore the history of anthropology at the University of the South Pacific (USP). Research findings demonstrate that anthropology lacked practical meaning in an institution established to modernise Pacific Island states. Fieldwork conducted at USP suggests that current perceptions of anthropology held by academic staff are strongly linked to the discipline's classic era. I argue that the anti‐colonial version of the Pacific Way from the 1970s onward, coupled with the hegemony of political economist and anti‐culturalist approaches among the USP teaching staff in the 1980s, inhibited a meaningful engagement with the Writing Culture debate at USP. This may explain why there has been little influence by the discipline's postmodern transformation over the past thirty years on current perceptions of anthropology at USP.
Narratives of resistance and decolonial futures in the politics of the Bermudian Black Power movement
Authors: Gowland Ben 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I examine the spatial politics of the Bermudian Black Power movement and its connections to Black Power political formations in the wider Caribbean and North America. This spatial politics is examined in detail through an engagement with the First Regional International Black Power Conference (BPC) held in Bermuda on 10–13 July 1969 and the subsequent Black Power political activity on the island that the conference inspired. Through this engagement it is shown how the island of Bermuda and its black population were constitutive of transnational circulations of radical Black Power, and aligned thinkers and activists. This paper develops a reading of a politics of Black Power on the island as challenging hegemonic geographies and political spatialities of white supremacy through the envisioning of alternative, decolonial futures and a resultant pre‐figurative political praxis. Such a reading is built on the theory of West Indian scholars David Scott and Brian Meeks and the spatial ontology of Doreen Massey. D. Scott and Meeks have been key contributors to Caribbean critical thought for many decades, with D. Scott the long‐time editor of the Caribbean studies journal Small Axe, and both have been concerned with post and de‐colonial politics in the region and the role of temporality and historiography in conceptualisations of the Modern Caribbean and Jamaica in particular. This paper offers an exploration of a decolonial spatial politics and political praxis, through the theory of post‐colonial Caribbean intellectuals, that foregrounds the agentive and insurgent capacity of Black Power as a political movement in the imagining and pre‐figuration of emancipatory futures beyond hegemonic geographies of white supremacy, (neo)colonialism, and (neo)imperialism.
Resolving the species status of overlooked West‐Palaearctic bumblebees
Authors: Brasero Nicolas , Ghisbain Guillaume , Lecocq Thomas , Michez Denis , Valterová Irena , Biella Paolo , Monfared Alireza , Williams Paul Hugh , Rasmont Pierre , Martinet Baptiste 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMultisource approaches in taxonomy gather different lines of evidence in order to draw strongly supported taxonomic conclusions and constitute the basis of integrative taxonomy. In the case of overlooked taxa with disjunct distributions for which sampling is more challenging, integrative approaches help to propose stable hypotheses at the species and subspecies levels. Here, based on genetic and semio‐chemical traits, we performed an integrative taxonomic analysis to evaluate species delimitation hypotheses within a monophyletic group of bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus) including the formerly recognised subgenera Eversmannibombus, Laesobombus and Mucidobombus which are now included in the subgenus Thoracobombus. Our results demonstrate the conspecificity of several polytypic taxa, and we formally recognise the subspecies Bombus laesus aliceae comb. nov. Cockerell, 1931, endemic to North Africa, based on its allopatry, unique mitochondrial haplotype and divergent cephalic labial gland secretions. This highlights the need to maintain studying polytypic complexes of bumblebee taxa for which phylogenetic relationships could be still entangled and eventually implement conservation strategies for taxonomically differentiated lineages.
Verification of ansys and matlab Heat Conduction Results Using an “Intrinsically” Verified Exact Analytical Solution
Authors: McMasters Robert L. , de Monte Filippo , D'Alessandro Giampaolo , Beck James V. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A two-dimensional (2D) transient thermal conduction problem is examined, and numerical solutions to the problem generated by ansys and matlab, employing the finite element (FE) method, are compared against an “intrinsically” verified analytical solution. Various grid densities and time-step combinations are used in the numerical solutions, including some as recommended by default in the ansys software, including coarse, medium, and fine spatial grids. The transient temperature solutions from the analytical and numerical schemes are compared at four specific locations on the body, and time-dependent error curves are generated for each point. Additionally, tabular values of each solution are presented for a more detailed comparison. Two different test cases are examined for the various numerical solutions using selected grid densities. The first case involves uniform constant heating on a portion of one surface for a long duration, up to a dimensionless time of 30. The second test case still involves uniform constant heating but for a dimensionless time of one, immediately followed by an insulated condition on that same surface for another duration of one dimensionless time unit. Although the errors at large times for both ansys and matlab are extremely small, the errors found within the short-duration test are more significant, in particular when the heating is suddenly set “on.” Surprisingly, very small errors occur when the heating is suddenly set “off.” The solution developed using the matlab differential equation solver is found to have errors an order of magnitude larger than those generated using ansys with a similar mesh size and same FE type (quadratic triangular). This occurs not only during the transient but also for steady-state problems. However, the matlab computational efficiency is superior. Also, when using ansys, at early times the numerical errors are very sensitive to the time-step chosen rather than the spatial discretization. Therefore, the time-steps have to be very small near a singularity.