bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible and stable grasping by multi-jointed pneumatic actuator mimicking the human finger-impacts of structural parameters on performance
Authors: Hao Tianze , Xiao Huaping , Liu Shuhai , Gu Jianfeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Most current pneumatic actuators, whether they have a single inflation chamber or multiple inflation chambers, are driven by a single air source, limiting their ability to complete precise and targeted manipulation. This paper describes a flexible pneumatic actuator with a three-chamber structure to mimic the motion of a human finger. Each chamber, which mimics the finger joint, is independently driven by a pressurized air source, making the finger flexible enough to grasp an object according to its shape. To achieve a more extensive deformation with lower pressure, the finite element method (FEM) was used to optimize and determine the structural parameters of the actuator. Actuators, both with and without fiber-reinforcement, were experimentally investigated to determine the bending performance of the artificial finger when pressurized individually or simultaneously. A three-finger gripper fabricated based on the multi-jointed pneumatic actuator successfully grasps various objects with higher contact area compared to previous designs, which achieves more stable grasping. The current actuator is flexible and stable enough to be used for a wide range of objects with different dimensions, shapes, and textures by controlling the various chambers.
Acoustic geometric-phase meta-array
Authors: Liu Bingyi , Su Zhaoxian , Zeng Yong , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling , Zhang Shuang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Metasurfaces based on geometric phase acquired from the conversion of the optical spin states provide a robust control over the wavefront of light, and have been widely employed for construction of various types of functional metasurface devices. However, this powerful approach cannot be readily transferred to the manipulation of acoustic waves because acoustic waves do not possess the spin degree of freedom. Here, we propose the concept of acoustic geometric-phase meta-array by leveraging the conversion of orbital angular momentum of acoustic waves, where well-defined geometric-phases can be attained through versatile topological charge conversion processes. This work extends the concept of geometric-phase metasurface from optics to acoustics, and provides a new route for acoustic wave control.
Spin–orbit proximity effect and topological superconductivity in graphene/transition-metal dichalcogenide nanoribbons
Authors: Wang Zhen-Hua , Xu Fuming , Li Lin , Xu Dong-Hui , Chen Wei-Qiang , Wang Bin , Guo Hong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Spin–orbit coupling (SOC) plays a determinate role in spintronics and topological physics. Previous studies indicate that the SOC in graphene nanoribbon (GNR) can be enhanced by the proximity effect from two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide (2D-TMD). However, the bulk inversion symmetry of GNR/2D-TMD restricts further increase of the proximity-induced SOC in GNR. In this view, we introduce a TMD nanoribbon (TMDNR) with finite width, and propose three methods to break the bulk inversion symmetry, i.e. defects in TMDNR, spatial interlayer edge coupling, and twist between GNR and TMDNR, which can further enhance the SOC in the GNR by roughly 30 times, 20 times and 150 times, respectively, depending on the relative energy between the Dirac point of GNR and the states of TMDNR. Furthermore, the significantly enhanced SOC can drive the GNR into a topological superconducting phase. By introducing the Zeeman splitting and s-wave superconductivity in the GNR, quasi one-dimensional topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes (MZMs) can be achieved in the GNR. At last we propose a feasible experimental method to realize and manipulate MZMs in the GNR/TMDNR system.
Prediction of hard x-ray behavior by using the NARX neural network to reduce the destructive effects of runaway electrons in tokamak
Authors: Alavi Amir , Saadat Shervin , Ghanbari Mohamad Reza , Alavi Seyed Enayatallah , Kadkhodaie Ali 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The NARX neural network was applied to accurately predict the behavior of Runaway Electrons (REs) in the plasma tokamak. This particular type of artificial neural network was created specifically for time series prediction. The NARX network was built, trained, and tested using inputs from some plasma diagnostic signals (Loop voltage, Hard x-ray, and Plasma current). The network output predicts the time evolution of Hard x-ray (HXR) signals up to 500 μs, which can be achieved with high accuracy (Mean Absolute Error = 0.003). These results are from experimental data collected during all phases of plasma tokamak discharges. The real-time application of this methodology can pave the way for prompt REs control action. The confinement time increases as the REs decrease, and their destructive effects on the tokamak wall decrease as well. Early prediction of RE behavior is critical in attempting to mitigate their potentially dangerous effects.
Numerical simulations of MHD flows around a 180-degree sharp bend under a strong transverse magnetic field
Authors: Wang H. , Chen L. , Zhang N.M. , Ni M.J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The quasi-two-dimensional flow of a liquid metal subjected to a strong transverse magnetic field around a 180-degree sharp bend is investigated by means of parametric numerical simulations where the Reynolds number Re, Hartmann number Ha and the gap ratio β (defined as the ratio of the gap thickness to the inlet width) vary in the respective ranges [100–50 000], [100–2000] and [0.04–1]. Both steady-state flow solutions and the evolution of unsteady flow regimes can be captured within this parameter space. The critical Reynolds number for transition from steady to unsteady flow increases as Ha increases for all β. It is shown, for 0.04 ⩽ β ⩽ 0.25, the critical Reynolds number remains almost linear relationship with the parameter Re/Ha0.9, whereas for β = 1, the key parameter is dominated by Re/Ha0.6. The present simulations aim to investigate the physical mechanism of this phenomenon and characterizing the position where the vortices are shed from the free shear layer. We discover that the vortices shedding is originated in the outlet region for 0.04 ⩽ β ⩽ 0.25 other than the turning part in bend region for β = 1. Additionally, the free shear layer separates the recirculation bubble from mainstream and its instability is proposed to interpret the transition, commonly known as Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. The effect of a strong transverse magnetic field on flow characteristics is considered such as the length of recirculation bubbles and the pressure drop between inlet and outlet. A further frequency analysis reveals that at the end of vortices shedding, the oblique waves resonance exists, or a new vortex street consisting of the vortices detached from the boundary layer and upstream fluctuations appears. Finally, according to the influence of β on the transition, we present a modified map of fluid regimes for prediction, which provides useful information for improved mixing and heat transport.
Clinical application of collagen membrane with umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells to repair nasal septal perforation
Authors: Wang Handong , Zhu Chengwen , Xu Zhengrong , Wei Xianmei , Shen He , Wang Liudi , Wang Bin , Chen Bing , Zhao Yannan , Yu Chenjie , Dai Jianwu , Gao Xia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective. We aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of collagen membrane with umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the endoscopic repair of nasal septal perforation. Methods. We performed a prospective clinical trial between March 2017 and October 2019. Nasal septal perforations were repaired by the endoscopic sandwich technique with the collagen membrane and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells. These patients were followed up postoperatively. Their outcomes were comprehensively evaluated by assessing the healing process of the perforations, the visual analog scale (VAS) for nasal discomfort, and the nasal mucociliary transit time (MTT) for the regenerated nasal mucosa. Results. Our study included a total of eight patients with nasal septal perforation (six males and two females, age 36.6 ± 12.8 years, diameter of perforation 1.0 ± 0.2 cm). Seven patients successfully underwent surgical repair. These patients had significantly improved VAS scores 1 month after the operations (1.1 ± 0.4) compared with the preoperative period (5.9 ± 0.7) (P < 0.05). Although the nasal MTT in the nasal septum and the inferior turbinate surface were within the normal limits before the operation and at 1 month after the operation, the postoperative transit time (11.1 ± 2.0 m) was significantly shorter than the preoperative transit time (12.1 ± 2.4 m) (P < 0.05). There were no recurrences of perforation, scab formations, or epistaxis after the operation. Conclusions. The application of the collagen membrane with umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells is a simple and feasible endoscopic procedure to repair perforated nasal septa and restore satisfactory functional mucosa.
Chronic Primary Pain in Children and Young People: Evidence Review with Reference to Safeguarding
Authors: Gauntlett-Gilbert Jeremy , Rogers Valerie , Menzies Mike , Connell Hannah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany children and young people experience recurrent pain, and a minority of these experience substantial disability and distress. Some have pain that is intrusive and that does not come from an obvious medical cause, such as chronic abdominal pain, headache or widespread musculoskeletal pain. Historically, such persisting pain has been a contested category, with labels such as ‘psychosomatic’ or ‘medically unexplained’ pain being used. Social Workers are not always able to access unequivocal medical advice about treatment and prognosis in these conditions and will benefit from being aware of the current literature. Happily, contemporary research helps to explain the physiological origin of such chronic pain states, and the personal and systemic contributors to pain-related distress and disability. This paper reviews epidemiology, cause, presenting features and treatment of these conditions, as well as issues of stigma. Successful investigation of child safeguarding concerns in this context, and of suspected fabricated and induced illness, will benefit from an understanding of the typical presentation of these conditions, as they are not well understood in mainstream medical practice. We explore how parental attitudes and actions may sometimes come from legitimate concerns, yet may also in some situations come to constitute cause for safeguarding concern.
In Search of Transformative Practice: Outreach Work Tactics for Perpetuating Symbolic Boundaries
Authors: Grymonprez Hans , Roose Rudi , De Corte Joris 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Health services, social welfare, housing and an adequate standard of living are all part of the economic, social and cultural rights which should be accessible to all. These rights are, however, not realised for all and societal resources are not accessible to all. In this respect, outreach work is a promising social work approach as it is often deployed to target, engage and bring individuals back into contact with services. Nevertheless, it is argued that outreach work leaves the mainstream unchallenged. We therefore examine the transformational potential of outreach work (Grymonprez and Roose, 2019). Theoretically, we draw on the concept of symbolic boundaries, which are conceptual distinctions drawn between people and groups. This article contains an in-depth analysis of outreach work practice with marginalised homeless individuals in the Belgian city of Antwerp. We identified three conceptual distinctions important for the construction of symbolic boundaries: predictability, complexity and housing readiness. Our analysis identifies a range of tactics used by outreach workers to transform these boundaries. Such tactics may be helpful for social workers interested in transformational practice in contexts where challenging the mainstream is not seen as a mandate for outreach workers.
Spectrum of sublytic astrocytopathy in neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Guo Yong , Lennon Vanda A , Parisi Joseph E , Popescu Bogdan , Vasquez Christina , Pittock Sean J , Howe Charles L , Lucchinetti Claudia F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder targeting aquaporin-4 water channels in CNS astrocytes. Histopathological descriptions of astrocytic lesions reported in neuromyelitis optica so far have emphasized a characteristic loss of aquaporin-4, with deposition of IgG and complement and lysis of astrocytes, but sublytic reactions have been underappreciated.
We performed a multi-modality study of 23 neuromyelitis optica autopsy cases (clinically and/or pathologically confirmed; 337 tissue blocks). By evaluating astrocytic morphology, immunohistochemistry and AQP4 RNA transcripts, and their associations with demyelinating activity, we documented a spectrum of astrocytopathy in addition to complement deposition, microglial reaction, granulocyte infiltration and regenerating activity.
Within advanced demyelinating lesions, and in periplaque areas, there was remarkable hypertrophic astrogliosis, more subtle than astrocytic lysis. A degenerative component was suggested by ‘dystrophic’ morphology, cytoplasmic vacuolation, Rosenthal fibres and associated stress protein markers. The abundance of AQP4 mRNA transcripts in sublytic reactive astrocytes devoid of aquaporin-4 protein supported in vivo restoration following IgG-induced aquaporin-4 endocytosis/degradation. Astrocytic alterations extending beyond demyelinating lesions speak to astrocytopathy being an early and primary event in the evolving neuromyelitis optica lesion. Focal astrocytopathy observed without aquaporin-4 loss or lytic complement component deposition verifies that astrocytic reactions in neuromyelitis optica are not solely dependent on IgG-mediated aquaporin-4 loss or lysis by complement or by IgG-dependent leucocyte mediators.
We conclude that neuromyelitis optica reflects a global astrocytopathy, initiated by binding of IgG to aquaporin-4 and not simply definable by demyelination and astrocytic lysis. The spectrum of astrocytic morphological changes in neuromyelitis optica attests to the complexity of factors influencing the range of astrocytic physiological responses to a targeted attack by aquaporin-4-specific IgG. Sublytic astrocytic reactions are no doubt an important determinant of the lesion’s evolution and potential for repair. Pharmacological manipulation of the astrocytic stress response may offer new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
The Commune of Benevento (1128–1131): A South Italian Contribution to the Communal Movement
Authors: Oldfield Paul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article examines the formation of a commune at Benevento in the twelfth century. In this south Italian city, which was under papal overlordship, a commune emerged, briefly but spectacularly, in the years 1128–31. Its existence has been almost completely overlooked in the wider narrative of the rise of medieval urban communes and in Beneventan scholarship itself. The particular value of an understanding of the Beneventan Commune is threefold. Firstly, the timing of its creation situates it firmly within an important formative and contested stage in the wider communal movement. Secondly, the Commune’s emergence was recorded in a contemporary chronicle by Falco of Benevento. Thirdly, Falco, a layman, was a highly acute observer of and participant in urban affairs, and was arguably the ‘first notary-chronicler of Christian Europe’. His chronicle precedes the more recognised body of works by notary-chroniclers produced from around the mid-twelfth century onwards in northern and central Italy, the hotbed of the communal movement. As a city notary (and judge) Falco was a well-informed observer, close to several of the key actors in the dramatic events he records. Moreover, his perspective on the communal movement deviates from other dominant contemporary discourses disseminated in often hostile ecclesiastical narratives. His voice on the commune is well worth listening to. An analysis of the Beneventan Commune—of its origins, agenda, organisation, and Falco’s perspective on it—therefore offers a unique contribution to the narrative of the wider emergence of the medieval commune.
Reworking activity of the thalassinidean shrimp Trypaea australiensis Dana, 1852 (Decapoda: Pleocyemata: Callianassidae) in an Australian estuary: A pilot study
Authors: Oncken Nele Svenja , Croizeau Tamara , Connolly Rod M , Flindt Mogens R , Kristensen Erik 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Trypaea australiensis Dana, 1852 is the predominant bioturbating thalassinidean shrimp on the east coast of Australia. It is, like other large bioturbators, generally considered an important ecosystem engineer. The sediment particle reworking rate of thalassinideans, a key parameter in benthic biogeochemical modelling, nevertheless remains unknown. We have for the first time quantified particle reworking by a population of T. australiensis living in fine estuarine sand. The particle reworking rate was monitored for 18 days using coarse sand as a new tracer approach followed by analyses of grain-size distribution in the sediment to a depth of 24 cm. Burial depth (BD, cm) over time (t, days) followed the relationship BD = 0.3002 × t for an average population density of 96 individuals m–2, equivalent to a sediment displacement of 1.1 m3 m–2 yr–1 (11.4 liters individual–1 yr–1). The individual-specific particle reworking by this thalassinidean is higher than that reported for most other key bioturbators, and its engineering impact on estuarine sediments therefore has potentially large consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Susceptibility of the Western Honey BeeApis melliferaand the African Stingless BeeMeliponula ferruginea(Hymenoptera: Apidae) to the Entomopathogenic FungiMetarhizium anisopliaeandBeauveria bassiana
Authors: Omuse Evanson R , Niassy Saliou , Wagacha John M , Ong’amo George O , Lattorff H Michael G , Kiatoko Nkoba , Mohamed Samira A , Subramanian Sevgan , Akutse Komivi S , Dubois Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study assessed the nontarget effect of entomopathogenic fungi on the Western honey bee Apis mellifera L. and the African stingless bee Meliponula ferruginea Cockrell (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Pathogenicity of five Metarhizium anisopliae (ICIPE 7, ICIPE 20, ICIPE 62, ICIPE 69, and ICIPE 78) (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and one of Beauveria bassiana (ICIPE 284) (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordicipitaceae) isolates were evaluated on bees at 108 conidia/ml. Conidial acquisition was evaluated immediately after exposure. Apis mellifera acquired more conidia (2.8 × 104–1.3 × 105 conidia per bee) compared to M. ferruginea (1.1 × 104–2.3 × 104 conidia per bee). In the bioassay with A. mellifera, ICIPE 7, ICIPE 20, and ICIPE 69 moderately reduced the survival by 16.9, 17.4, 15.3%, with lethal times LT10 = 7.4, 7.6, 8.1 d and LT25 = 8.7, 10.0, 9.9 d, respectively. The three isolates caused A. mellifera mycosis of 11.6–18.5%. None of the isolates had a significant effect on M. ferruginea. The tested isolates are nontoxic to bees according to the International Organization of Biological Control (IOBC) classification. However, the effect of ICIPE 7, ICIPE 20, and ICIPE 69 merits further studies on bee colonies, especially those of A. mellifera, under field conditions.
Hunt without Hunting: The Reflexivity of All the Stories behind Paruveta (Hunting Festival/Procession) in Ahobilam
Authors: Dębicka-Borek Ewa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:
The article discusses the composite storyline behind the forty–day–long Hunting Festival/Procession (Paruveta), held annually in the Śrīvaiṣṇava centre of Narasiṃha (the Man–Lion incarnation of Viṣṇu) worship in Ahobilam (Andhra Pradesh) from the mid–January onwards, as a medium which—in the framework of a Hindu temple festival—expresses the coexistence of various groups at the site. As I argue, the scenario’s reflexivity (in the sense inspired by Ramanujan 1989) is instrumental in this regard, and is achieved in answer to local beliefs related to the Chenchu hunter–gatherer concepts of hunting and the forest. However, as the product of mutual influences aimed at expressing the reconcilement of the local and the Brahmanic communities, the myth behind Paruveta highlights chiefly the erotic aspect of the ritual hunt, aspect which is brought about through creative reference to the locally rooted legend of Narasiṃha marrying a Chenchu huntress he met in the forest near Ahobilam.
High intrinsic water use efficiency is underpinned by high stomatal aperture and guard cell potassium flux in C3 and C4 grasses grown at glacial CO2 and low light
Authors: Israel Walter Krystler , Watson-Lazowski Alexander , Chen Zhong-Hua , Ghannoum Oula 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We compared how stomatal morphology and physiology control intrinsic leaf water use efficiency (iWUE) in two C3 and six C4 grasses grown at ambient (400 µmol mol–1) or glacial CO2 (180 µmol mol–1) and high (1000 µmol m–2 s–1) or low light intensity (200 µmol m–2 s–1). C4 grasses tended to have higher iWUE and CO2 assimilation rates, and lower stomatal conductance (gs), operational stomatal aperture (aop), and guard cell K+ influx rate relative to C3 grasses, while stomatal size (SS) and stomatal density (SD) did not vary according to the photosynthetic type. Overall, iWUE and gs depended most on aop and density of open stomata. In turn, aop correlated with K+ influx, stomatal opening speed on transition to high light, and SS. Species with higher SD had smaller and faster-opening stomata. Although C4 grasses operated with lower gs and aop at ambient CO2, they showed a greater potential to open stomata relative to maximal stomatal conductance (gmax), indicating heightened stomatal sensitivity and control. We uncovered promising links between aop, gs, iWUE, and K+ influx among C4 grasses, and differential K+ influx responses of C4 guard cells to low light, revealing molecular targets for improving iWUE in C4 crops.