bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes population
Authors: Pokhrel Sushant , Giri Nisha , Pokhrel Rakesh , Pardhe Bashu Dev , Lamichhane Anit , Chaudhary Abhisek , Bhatt Mahendra Prasad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to assess vitamin D deficiency-induced dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study was carried out among 455 T2DM patients involving poor glycemic control (n = 247) and good glycemic control (n = 208). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c were measured to assess glycemic control. Cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic index plasma, and atherogenic coefficient were calculated to assess and compare the CVD risk in different groups. Patients with poor control had a significantly higher level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and non-high-density lipoprotein lipase cholesterol (non-HDL-C), atherogenic variables, and lower level of high-density lipoprotein lipase cholesterol (HDL-C) as compared to patients with good glycemic control. We also observed significant negative correlation of vitamin D with lipid markers and atherogenic variables in poor glycemic control diabetic population. The serum vitamin D levels were inversely associated with HbA1c, FPG, TG, TC, and non-HDL-C. Furthermore, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and elevated non-HDL-C were the independent risks in hypovitaminosis D population. Vitamin D deficiency in poor glycemic control is likely to develop dyslipidemia as compared to vitamin D insufficient and sufficient groups. Thus, vitamin D supplementation and an increase in exposure to sunlight may reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in diabetes.
Framework-based security measures for Internet of Thing: A literature review
Authors: Rueda-Rueda Johan Smith , Portocarrero Jesus M. T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a review of state-of-the-art security frameworks for IoT applications. It aims to find out what alternatives have been proposed to guide IoT application developers in the implementation of security measures through all development phases. In this literature review, we identified 21 security frameworks, and we analyzed them from IoT application domains addressed and IoT elements protected. We find four application domains: generic, smart cities, smart car/VANET, and smart infrastructures. Concerning elements protected, we analyzed the frameworks through protected application resources and we also consider security properties in this paper. Our two principal findings are: (i) Even though there are a wide variety of security frameworks, we did not find a proposal that addresses all the layers of an IoT application (device, network, service and application) and all development phases (analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance), (ii) Addressing security from the design phase allows IoT developers to have a broader perspective of the system, avoiding massive changes to be made in later stages, saving costs and time. This gap and concerns enable various research on security by design and secure development to be carried out, and proposed frameworks to address the identified problems.
Modelling adiabatic flame temperature for methane with an overview for advanced combustion process: flameless combustion
Authors: Imakhlaf Anis , Beghidja Abdelhadi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, we have carried out to modeling by mathematical equations the environment of the combustion chamber under some conditions using the software MATLAB in order to make an adequate algorithm of resolution and get solution of the different equations that taken part in the phenomenon of combustion, so the first was to identifies the kind of the fuel to use in that model (taking Methane as fuel combustion) and minimizing the reduction of novice gas burned is in priority, for this, we want to establish the optimal values to take to preserve the environment, especially from CO2 and CO emissions, secondly, its nature according to the equivalent ratio (lean, stoichiometric or rich mixture), all variations of equivalent ratio, the third idea is to retrace the ways of a different product of the reaction and see their variations compared to the equivalent ratio, once traced, we can improvise which exact place in the reaction, a product will be finished either in the form of a gas or to decompose in order to bind to another and form another component. We also discussed the percentage of O2 and H2O emissions for an interesting viewpoint of the environmental aspect of hydrocarbon’s chemical reaction. Another additional part will be dedicated to the process of flameless combustion to write its mathematical equation, compare it with the so-called traditional one, and see the variations in the temperature according to the equivalent ratio.
Nudging openly – An experimental analysis of nudge transparency in a public goods setting
Authors: Große Hokamp Erika , Weimann Joachim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Around the world, policy makers and public authorities are increasingly turning to behaviorally informed interventions (“nudges”) in order to help tackle important contexts of public policy. Despite their impressive merit record, these policy tools have been heavily criticized as being obscure and manipulative, thus facing challenges for their legitimate assertion in the regulatory toolkit. In this study, we seek to assess whether transparency over the use of such interventions may constitute a viable way of addressing these ethical concerns, and focus particularly on the potentially moderating role of something we call “status quo experience”, i. e. subjects’ understanding of the behavioral consequences of different choice architectures. We conduct a laboratory experiment, whereby subjects play three rounds of a public good game, the first of which defaults them towards a fully non-cooperative contribution, while the rest default them towards a fully cooperative one. Subjects in our treatment groups further receive an “informational shock” at varying points in time, disclosing how and why a fully cooperative default contribution is being used. We find that providing subjects with informational disclosure about the nudge intervention did not result in significantly different aggregate behavioral measurements between control and treatment groups. This seems to be independent of status quo experience and of the timing of transparency provision. We nonetheless find some indication that the latter could help sustain cooperation over time.
Thermodynamic assessment of the Sb–S and In–S binary systems
Authors: Shi Chuang , Li Na , Zhang Weibin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Sb–S and In–S binary systems were assessed thermodynamically using the CALculation of PHase Diagrams (CAL-PHAD) approach based on the experiment data in the literature. Both phase diagrams revealed a congruent melting compound and liquid immiscibility. Therefore, associate species, Sb2S3 and In2S3, were introduced into the associate model to describe the liquid phase during optimization. The binary intermediate compounds, Sb2S3, InS(α, β), and In6S7, were treated as stoichiometric phases. Considering the wide composition range, In2S3(α, β, γ), were modeled using the sublattice model. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters representing most of the reliable thermodynamic properties and phase diagram information were derived.
Psychogenic pseudo-myasthenic ptosis – management with ayurvedic medicines and Smriti meditation
Authors: Edavalath Mukesh , Kottil Satheesh , Hameed Febin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Patients presenting with functional neurological symptoms like non-epileptic seizures and weakness have an underlying psychological component and tend to persist for a prolonged time, despite repeated evaluations and interventions. Ayurveda, with its holistic approach to health and disease, can provide better management for such disorders, in the form of customized treatment protocols and unique methods of psychotherapy.

Case presentation
The patient presented with drooping of both eyelids, initially diagnosed as ocular myasthenia, and later found to have psychogenic pseudo-myasthenic ptosis. She was evaluated based on ayurvedic parameters and managed successfully with ayurvedic treatment modalities of sodhana (dosha elimination), samana (pacifying), and a novel psychotherapy technique of Smriti meditation.

Conclusions
A holistic approach to the patient, as expounded by Ayurveda, is vital in evaluating and managing functional neurological complaints. Smriti meditation, in combination with selected ayurvedic medicines, is effective in managing psychosomatic manifestations as demonstrated in the present case.
Estimating Entropy Generation Rate for Ballistic-Diffusive Phonon Transport Using Effective Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Mansoor Saad Bin , Yilbas Bekir S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The entropy generation rate in a low dimensional film is formulated incorporating the heat flux and effective thermal conductivity of the film material. In the analysis, the mathematical formulation employed is kept the same as that used in the diffusive regime. However, the entropy generation rate is corrected by replacing the bulk thermal conductivity with an effective thermal conductivity evaluated from the Boltzmann equation. The entropy generation rate using the phonon distribution from the equation of phonon radiative transport in the film material is employed. The results show that both formulations result in a very close match for the entropy generation rates.
Distributed lag models to identify the cumulative effects of training and recovery in athletes using multivariate ordinal wellness data
Authors: Schliep Erin M. , Schafer Toryn L. J. , Hawkey Matthew 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Subjective wellness data can provide important information on the well-being of athletes and be used to maximize player performance and detect and prevent against injury. Wellness data, which are often ordinal and multivariate, include metrics relating to the physical, mental, and emotional status of the athlete. Training and recovery can have significant short- and long-term effects on athlete wellness, and these effects can vary across individual. We develop a joint multivariate latent factor model for ordinal response data to investigate the effects of training and recovery on athlete wellness. We use a latent factor distributed lag model to capture the cumulative effects of training and recovery through time. Current efforts using subjective wellness data have averaged over these metrics to create a univariate summary of wellness, however this approach can mask important information in the data. Our multivariate model leverages each ordinal variable and can be used to identify the relative importance of each in monitoring athlete wellness. The model is applied to professional referee daily wellness, training, and recovery data collected across two Major League Soccer seasons.
Winning and losing streaks in the National Hockey League: are teams experiencing momentum or are games a sequence of random events?
Authors: Steeger Gregory M. , Dulin Johnathon L. , Gonzalez Gerardo O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Saint Louis Blues were hot at the end of the 2018–2019 National Hockey League season, winning eleven games in a row in January and February, and eight of their last ten. They parlayed this momentum to their first Stanley Cup Championship in franchise history. Or did they? Did the series of wins at the end of the season give the Blues the momentum needed to reach the pinnacle of the sport on June 12th, or was the Blues’ path to victory the confluence of a series of random events that fell in their favor? In this paper we apply entropy as an unbiased measure to further refute the idea of momentum in sports. We show that game outcomes are not dependent on previous games’ outcomes and conclude that the theory of momentum, across the season, is a fallacy that should not affect behavior.
Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasonography and pathologic characters of CD68 positive cell in primary hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumors: A case report and literature review
Authors: Li Chen , Xu Jing-Yong , Liu Yuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is a mesenchymal tumor rarely described in the liver. Sonazoid is a new ultrasound contrast with both vascular and post-vascular phases due to the uptake of Kupffer cell. CD68 is a defined immunohistorical staining marker for macrophage including Kupffer cell. No previous cases have been reported to reveal Kupffer images in the post-vascular phase by using Sonazoid and pathologic characters of CD68 positive cell in PEComa. Herein, we describe the first case to present Sonazoid contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) findings in Kupffer images and CD68 positive cell in hepatic PEComa which may lead to rethink of the phagocytic properties of macrophages.
Persistent SARS-CoV-2-positive over 4 months in a COVID-19 patient with CHB
Authors: Li Wenyuan , Huang Beibei , Shen Qiang , Jiang Shouwei , Jin Kun , Ning Ling , Liu Lei , Li Lei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In recent months, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major public health crisis with takeover more than 1 million lives worldwide. The long-lasting existence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not yet been reported. Herein, we report a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection with intermittent viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for >4 months after clinical rehabilitation. A 35-year-old male was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia with fever but without other specific symptoms. The treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir, oxygen inhalation, and other symptomatic supportive treatment facilitated recovery, and the patient was discharged. However, his viral PCR test was continually positive in oropharyngeal swabs for >4 months after that. At the end of June 2020, he was still under quarantine and observation. The contribution of current antivirus therapy might be limited. The prognosis of COVID-19 patients might be irrelevant to the virus status. Thus, further investigation to evaluate the contagiousness of convalescent patients and the mechanism underlying the persistent existence of SARS-CoV-2 after recovery is essential. A new strategy of disease control, especially extending the follow-up period for recovered COVID-19 patients, is necessary to adapt to the current situation of pandemic.
Dynamical aspects of smoking model with cravings to smoke
Authors: Awan Aziz Ullah , Sharif Attia , Abro Kashif Ali , Ozair Muhammad , Hussain Takasar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The square-root dynamics of smoking model with cravings to smoke, in which square root of potential smokers and smokers is the interaction term, has been studied. We categorized net population in four different chambers: non-smokers/potential smokers, smokers/infected people, non-permanent smokers/temporary quitters and the permanent quitters. By dynamical systems approach, we analyzed our model. Moreover, for proving the unique equilibrium point to be globally stable, we took help of graph theoretic approach. The sensitivity analysis of the model is performed through the diseased classes effectively to design reliable, robust and stable control strategies. The model is designed like optimal control trouble to find out importance of various control actions on our system that are insisted by the sensitivity analysis. We have applied two controls, which are the awareness campaign through the media transmission to control the potential smokers and temporary quit smokers to become smokers and the treatment of smokers. Analytical and numerical methods are utilized for ensuring presence of these two control actions.
The first finding of a Greek amphora in Poland
Authors: Czopek Sylwester , Trybała-Zawiślak Katarzyna , Trąbska Joanna , Trybalska Barbara , Adamik-Proksa Joanna , Burghardt Marcin , Ocadryga-Tokarczyk Ewelina , Tokarczyk Tomasz , Rajpold Wojciech 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In 2017, an expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the University of Rzeszów (Poland) carried out excavations on a hillfort belonging to the Scythian cultural circle (its forest-steppe variant) in Chotyniec, in south-eastern Poland. The hillfort is the central and most important point of a large settlement cluster, which is the furthest north-western enclave of this cultural circle. In an excavated cult object – the so-called ‘zolnik’ – we made an interesting discovery. Here we show this unique finding for the first time: a Greek wine amphora, from the beginning of the sixth century BC. We were able to explore and reconstruct it almost entirely. Amphora is the only artefact of this type found in the present Polish borders. The amphora was subjected to archaeometric research with the use of PLM, SEM/EDS, TXRF and ToF SIMS. The massive fabric was made of high calcium clay enriched in quartz and volcanic lithoclasts. The lack of chromium and nickel among trace elements makes the vessel different from the amphoras from the Eastern Meditteranean analysed so far, suggesting a specific workshop. Red painting was executed with very fine grained iron compounds predominantly based on aluminosilicates, enriched in phosphorus. Obviously, since it is associated with the presence of Scythians in Eastern Europe, it simultaneously delimits (geography-wise) the borders of Greek influence.
Rheological Study of Gemini Surfactants with Amide Groups
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Lu Xiaohao , Lin Liangliang , Xu Hujun , Gao Haiyan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the present study, the micelle aggregation numbers and hydrodynamic radius distributions of the gemini surfactants (abbreviated as Cm-(EO)n-E-Cm (m = 12–16, n = 1, 2)) were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The rheological properties of these surfactants were determined using a rheometer. The Surfactants C14-(EO)-E-C14 and C16-(EO)-E-C16 formed worm-like micelles at a concentration of 200 mmol/L. It was found that longer hydrophobic chains or shorter linkage groups promoted the growth of worm-like micelles. Then, the influence of the inorganic salt NaBr and the organic salt sodium salicylate (NaSal) on the formation and properties of wormlike micelles in aqueous C16-(EO)-E-C16 solutions at a surfactant concentration of 20 mmol/L was investigated. The results showed that NaSal could penetrate deeper into the hydrophobic group of the micelle due to its good hydrophobic interaction, which promoted micelle growth and resulted in worm-like micelles. In addition, the tested systems showed a Maxwell behavior at lower frequencies, but deviated from the Maxwell mode at higher frequencies. Finally, the formation of worm-like micelles was also verified by micro polarity measurements.
Synthesis and Characterization of 2-Di-methyl Amino Ethyl Laurate Betaine Surfactant
Authors: Parikh Rutu , Godse Shital , Pawar Nitin , Pratap Amit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The growing need for sustainable natural-based surfactants from green chemistry has led to syntheses of surfactants without the use of solvents and without the generation of by-products when milder manufacturing processes are used. The zwitterionic betaine ester surfactants are derived from natural renewable sources and are biodegradable. In this research, the betaine ester surfactant 2-di-methylaminoethyllaurate betaine was synthesized from 2-di-methylaminoehanol and lauric acid derived from coconut oil in a three-step chemo-enzymatic esterification reaction. The enzymatic process was optimized in terms of operating parameters such as temperature, time, molar ratio and enzyme concentration, resulting in a yield of 87.91%. Structural analysis of the intermediate 2-di-methylaminoethyl laurate as well as the final product 2-di-methylaminoethyl laurate betaine was carried out with FTIR and 1H NMR. The surfactant properties of the betaine were also determined and showed that the betaine can be used as a co-surfactant in many cosmetic and personal care products.
Study on Interaction of Carboxylic Acid Gemini Surfactant with Cocamidopropyl Betaine in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang Ruijuan , Qin Ying , Yang Shuo , Wang Dong , Yin Zhigang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The interaction of carboxylic acid gemini surfactant 4,8-didodecyl-3,9-dioxo-6-hydroxy-4,8-diaza-1,11-undecanedicarboxylic acid (CGS12) with amphoteric surfactant cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) at 258C and pH 7.0 has been investigated using pH titration, surface tension, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) measurements. The pH titration results show that CGS12 exhibits anionic surfactant properties and CAPB exists as a zwitterionic form at pH 7.0. The surface tension results show that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of the CAPB/CGS12 mixture are low, and basically exhibit a decreasing trend with decreasing molar ratio of CAPB (XCAPB). The variation of the CMC of the mixture reveals that the mixing is close to ideal. The DLS results indicate that the CAPB/ CGS12 mixture mainly forms the larger aggregates with the hydrate radii approximately 70-145 nm at various XCAPB. The Cryo-TEM images further demonstrate the CAPB/CGS12 mixtures mainly form vesicles. The results indicate that the aggregate size and microstructure of the mixture change little with the variation of XCAPB.
Examining Different Alternatives to Delta Tc (ΔTc) as a Parameter to Screen Asphalt Binders
Authors: Komaragiri Satyavati , Filonzi Angelo , Guevara Eliud , Hazlett Darren , Mahmoud Enad , Bhasin Amit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Superpave performance grading (or PG) framework or a variation of this framework is often used as a purchase specification in the United States and as a tool to evaluate the expected performance of modified and unmodified asphalt binders in many countries around the world. During the last decade and in response to changes in the use of modified binders and extenders, several modifications and improvements have been proposed and implemented to improve this framework. One such modification is the use of the ΔTc parameter, which is based on the stiffness and m-value of an asphalt binder measured at low temperatures, as a metric to screen asphalt binders that contain higher concentrations of potentially deleterious refining products or as an indicator for susceptibility to premature cracking. The estimation of this parameter requires the determination of the true low temperature grade of the asphalt binder based on measurements carried out using a bending beam rheometer at multiple temperatures. This study explores the expected variability associated with the determination of this parameter as well as alternative metrics that can be more easily used on a routine basis as a quality control tool to screen binders with a low ΔTc value. Based on the evaluation of nearly 200 binders from several different suppliers in and around the state of Texas, this study shows that a combined use of stiffness and m-value measured at the low grade test temperature of the asphalt binder can be used as an effective specification/screening tool to detect binders that result in a very low value of ΔTc.