bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upholding Hierarchies of Knowledge Production: Mundane Obstacles to Global International Relations
Authors: Vogel Birte , Džuverović Nemanja , Tripathi Siddharth , Kušić Katarina , Zapata Maria Lucia , Ramachandran Swetha , Dhungana Nimesh , Taithe Bertrand 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Debates about global international relations (IR) have been ongoing for over a decade, yet academic practice in meaningfully cooperating with Global Southern scholars has changed little. Against the backdrop of growing scholarly concerns about global inequality in knowledge production, this forum takes stock of the search for global IR and examines the academic practices and structures that hinder its progress. The contributions highlight numerous obstacles, including structural and material inequalities between researchers and institutions, visible hierarchies in funding, and seemingly mundane issues such as language barriers, stigma, stereotypes, and data ownership. Written by both Global Southern and Global Northern scholars, this forum aims to provide a balanced contribution to the growing debate about what truly global IR scholarship could look like. We argue that the search for global IR is not merely a debate about theoretical and epistemological plurality in the discipline but one with real-world ramifications. Global order at multiple levels is shaped by policies and actions underpinned by various types of data. The data collected, its agents, and the resulting knowledge are foundational components of decision-making in global politics.
The Three AREs: How Authors, Reviewers, and Editors Can Better Address Alternative Explanations in Scholarly Research
Authors: Owsiak Andrew P , Diehl Paul F 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Authors of good scholarship must address alternative explanations to the one that they have proposed—to resolve debates, to entertain competing hypotheses, and ultimately, to cumulate knowledge. Authors approach this task proactively, as well as reactively. Indeed, during the peer-review process, reviewers and journal editors frequently identify alternative explanations that the author did not address and then set a hurdle; they demand that the author adequately address the identified alternatives for the publication process to proceed. This raises a question that, to our knowledge, no discipline has thoroughly discussed. What is the proper role of alternative explanations in the peer-review process? We argue that the peer-review process often (unnecessarily) sets too high an “alternative explanations hurdle.” We first lay out the philosophical, scope, and practical considerations that lead us to this conclusion. Then, to begin a discussion about adjusting the hurdle’s height going forward, we propose a set of separate guidelines—the Three AREs—for authors, reviewers, and editors. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the consequences of “alternative explanation gatekeeping.” Our goal is ultimately not to eliminate the author’s responsibility to address alternative explanations, but rather to encourage the peer-review process to make more reasonable demands of submitting authors.
Major role of dolutegravir in the emergence of the S147G integrase resistance mutation
Authors: Wirden Marc , Abdi Basma , Lambert-Niclot Sidonie , Chaix Marie-Laure , De Monte Anne , Montes Brigitte , Pallier Coralie , Bellecave Pantxika , Bouvier-Alias Magali , Raymond Stephanie , Yerly Sabine , Charpentier Charlotte , Calvez Vincent , Descamps Diane , Marcelin Anne-Genevieve 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The S147G mutation is associated with high-level resistance to the integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) elvitegravir. In several poorly documented cases, it was also selected in patients on dolutegravir. Given the widespread use of dolutegravir, further studies of S147G are required.

Methods
We consulted the HIV-1 resistance databases of French laboratories to identify all cases of S147G emergence. We collected immunological and virological parameters, history of treatment and INSTI resistance mutations. Mann–Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests were performed.

Results
We retrospectively identified 88 cases of S147G selection, from 2015 to 2022, in 22 laboratories. The most frequent HIV-1 subtypes were Clade B (55.7%) and CRF02_AG (21.6%). At the time of resistance genotyping, the median viral load was 5860 copies/mL (IQR 1011–24  525) and the median CD4 cell count was 412 cells/mm3 (228–560). S147G emerged on dolutegravir (48%), elvitegravir (36%) and raltegravir (10%) treatments. S147G was associated with a larger median number of other INSTI mutations on dolutegravir than on elvitegravir [3.0 (2.0–4.0) versus 2.0 (1.0–2.0); P = 0.0002] and was never observed with Q148H or G118R. On dolutegravir, S147G was associated principally with T97A (62%), N155H (59%), E138K (50%), L74I/M (38%) and Q148R (33%).

Conclusions
In this French study, S147G emerged principally in patients on dolutegravir regimens, in association with up to five other INSTI resistance mutations. This accumulation of mutations suggests a replicative advantage on HIV strains under dolutegravir selection pressure, suggesting that caution is required when interpreting dolutegravir resistance in the presence of such S147G resistance patterns, even in patients prescribed dolutegravir twice daily.
Molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance in bacteria from daycare centres in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Wilkie Eunice Damilola , Alao Jude Oluwapelumi , Thonda Oluwakemi Abike , Oluduro Anthonia Olufunke 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic resistance is an escalating global health issue, with particularly severe implications in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Nigeria. This study examines antibiotic-resistant bacteria’s prevalence and molecular characteristics in daycare centres in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, where high antibiotic use and limited infection control measures present significant challenges.

Methods
Between November 2017 and July 2019, samples were collected from 20 daycare centres, including swabs from fomites and children. Bacterial isolates were identified and assessed for antibiotic susceptibility using standard methods. Molecular techniques, including PCR, were employed to detect resistance genes such as blaSHV, tetA, dfr1 and mecA.

Results
The study found high resistance levels among common pathogens, with S. aureus and other staphylococci showing significant resistance to ampicillin and Augmentin and Gram-negative bacteria exhibiting broad resistance patterns. Resistance genes, including blaSHV and mecA, were identified in multiple isolates, indicating the spread of crucial resistance mechanisms.

Conclusions
The results highlight the critical need for improved surveillance, targeted antimicrobial stewardship and enhanced infection control practices in daycare centres to address the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. This research offers valuable insights into resistance dynamics in paediatric settings and supports the development of strategies to manage the spread of resistant bacteria in LMIC contexts.
Algorithmic individual fairness and healthcare: a scoping review
Authors: Anderson Joshua W , Visweswaran Shyam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Statistical and artificial intelligence algorithms are increasingly being developed for use in healthcare. These algorithms may reflect biases that magnify disparities in clinical care, and there is a growing need for understanding how algorithmic biases can be mitigated in pursuit of algorithmic fairness. We conducted a scoping review on algorithmic individual fairness (IF) to understand the current state of research in the metrics and methods developed to achieve IF and their applications in healthcare.

Materials and Methods
We searched four databases: PubMed, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, and medRxiv for algorithmic IF metrics, algorithmic bias mitigation, and healthcare applications. Our search was restricted to articles published between January 2013 and November 2024. We identified 2498 articles through database searches and seven additional articles, of which 32 articles were included in the review. Data from the selected articles were extracted, and the findings were synthesized.

Results
Based on the 32 articles in the review, we identified several themes, including philosophical underpinnings of fairness, IF metrics, mitigation methods for achieving IF, implications of achieving IF on group fairness and vice versa, and applications of IF in healthcare.

Discussion
We find that research of IF is still in their early stages, particularly in healthcare, as evidenced by the limited number of relevant articles published between 2013 and 2024. While healthcare applications of IF remain sparse, growth has been steady in number of publications since 2012. The limitations of group fairness further emphasize the need for alternative approaches like IF. However, IF itself is not without challenges, including subjective definitions of similarity and potential bias encoding from data-driven methods. These findings, coupled with the limitations of the review process, underscore the need for more comprehensive research on the evolution of IF metrics and definitions to advance this promising field.

Conclusion
While significant work has been done on algorithmic IF in recent years, the definition, use, and study of IF remain in their infancy, especially in healthcare. Future research is needed to comprehensively apply and evaluate IF in healthcare.
Recycling honey bee drone brood for sustainable beekeeping
Authors: Pavlović Ratko , Crailsheim Karl , Petrović Miloš , Goessler Walter , Zarić Nenad M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Pollination by insects is vital for global agriculture, with honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) being the most important pollinators. Honey bees are exposed to numerous stressors, including disease, pesticides, and inadequate nutrition, resulting in significant colony losses. This study investigates the use of drone brood to mitigate these problems. Drone brood, which is normally discarded during varroa mite (Varroa destructor, Anderson and Trueman) management, is rich in proteins, fats, and essential minerals. We compared drone brood with an already suggested pollen supplement (Tenebrio [Tenebrio molitor L.] flour). The results indicate that drone brood flour is a viable source of proteins, fats, and minerals and is potentially antimicrobial due to its high content of elements with known antimicrobial properties. It meets the nutritional needs of honey bees while mitigating the effects of varroa mites. The use of drone brood flour can provide high-quality beeswax, surplus of pollen, and improve bee health, which promotes sustainable beekeeping.
Bernard Greenberg: a legacy in medical, veterinary, and forensic entomology
Authors: McNeal Rachel , Wells Jeffrey D , Tomberlin Jeffery K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bernard Greenberg was a ground-breaking scientist in the worlds of medical-veterinary and forensic entomology, studying the ability of flies to serve as a vector of human and other vertebrate pathogens. His work also extended beyond these topics, creating key studies on flies and their associated microbial ecology. These efforts led to numerous research publications and two books on flies and their associated microorganisms. Greenberg served a pioneering role in establishing the field of forensic entomology in the USA later in his career, publishing key papers and a book that are highly cited to this day. We present a review of Dr Greenberg’s scientific contributions concerning flies and disease, insect/microbe interactions, and insects as forensic indicators.
Basic properties of solidified organic liquids at a cryogenic temperature for electron microscopic visualization and sample preparation of dispersion systems
Authors: Okada Satoshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It is challenging to image structures in liquids for electron microscopy (EM); thus, low-temperature imaging has been developed, initially for aqueous systems. Organic liquids (OLs) are widely used as dispersants, although their cryogenic EM (cryo-EM) imaging is less common than that of aqueous systems. This is because the basic properties (e.g. vapor pressure, density and amorphousness) of OL in the solid state have not been extensively investigated, preventing the determination of whether the observed structure is free from artifacts. Herein, I summarized physical data related to the phase change, and the solid density at 77 K and sublimation speed for some OLs were measured independently to discuss the applicability of OLs for cryo-EM. Among various OL properties, the sublimation temperature, pressure and rate and crystallinity are important for cryo-EM. The sublimation-related properties are used to judge whether the OL is stable during storage, observation and sample preparation such as etching. These properties were calculated, and the calculated sublimation speed matched with that measured by cryogenic scanning EM movie imaging. Crystallinity was estimated using the difference between the extrapolated temperature-dependent liquid density and the solid density of frozen OLs measured in liquid nitrogen. Artifacts observed upon freezing were exemplified by focused ion beam cross-sections of OL-in-water emulsions, and cracks, voids and wrinkles are found in the OL phase at a large shrinkage ratio. The study findings show that the applicability of OLs largely differs for structural isomers and that appropriate OLs are required for the cryo-EM imaging of nonaqueous systems.
Time-varying correlations in multivariate unobserved components time series models
Authors: Schiavoni Caterina , Koopman Siem Jan , Palm Franz , Smeekes Stephan , van den Brakel Jan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Multivariate unobserved components time series models can accommodate dynamic relations between dependent variables by introducing nonzero correlations between the disturbances that drive the dynamics of the components. The usual assumption of time-invariant correlations can be rather strong for many applications. In this study, we introduce a time-varying correlation parameter that allows the dynamic relations to change over time. We treat the parameter as a dynamic unobserved component. The resulting nonlinear model requires nonlinear methods for parameter estimation and filtering. For parameter estimation, we propose an indirect inference approach based on an auxiliary model using a cubic spline for the time-varying correlation. For the filtering of the time-varying correlation, a bootstrap filter is employed jointly with the technique of Rao–Blackwellization. A Monte Carlo simulation study shows that our proposed methodology is successful in both estimation and filtering. In our empirical study, we explore the strong dependence between monthly unemployment in the labour force and claimant counts. We find strong evidence that the underlying correlations are time-varying.
The association between difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis and probable sarcopenia
Authors: Ohashi Yoshifumi , Suzuki Mochihito , Sobue Yasumori , Terabe Kenya , Asai Shuji , Takahashi Nobunori , Imagama Shiro 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To identify factors associated with probable sarcopenia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
Probable sarcopenia was diagnosed using the SARC-F questionnaire. Patients with difficult-to-treat RA (D2T-RA) were defined as those with a history of using ≥2 biological/targeted synthetic (b/ts) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) who had moderate or high disease activity. Among 486 patients, 101 were classified into the probable sarcopenia group (SARC-F ≥4), and 385 were classified into the non-probable sarcopenia group (SARC-F &lt;4). Factors associated with probable sarcopenia were examined using multiple logistic regression analysis. Additionally, patients were divided into the D2T-RA (n = 38) and non-D2T-RA (n = 448) groups, and the proportion of probable sarcopenia and RA treatment status were compared.

Results
Factors associated with probable sarcopenia included age [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.03], body mass index (OR: 1.16), D2T-RA (OR: 3.39), and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (OR: 1.38), and diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.77). The proportion of probable sarcopenia was significantly higher (60.5% vs. 17.4%), and the rate of methotrexate use was significantly lower (34.2% vs. 64.1%), in the D2T-RA group than in the non-D2T-RA group. Moreover, in the D2T-RA group, most patients used two or three b/tsDMARDs (two: 68.4%, three: 21.1%).

Conclusions
D2T-RA was associated with probable sarcopenia. Tight control by treatment enhancement may help overcome sarcopenia.
Effect of Plant-Based Diets on Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bostan Zekiye Zeynep , Şare Bulut Melike , Özen Ünaldı Buket , Albayrak Buhurcu Ceren , Akbulut Gamze 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that leads to chronic inflammation and joint damage. Various plant-based diets are thought to have effects on RA symptoms and disease activity.

Objective
Relevant literature on the effect of different types of plant-based diets on RA was reviewed.

Data Sources
A systematic search was conducted using the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Data Extraction
Articles on observational and interventional human studies carried out in the adult population and published in English between February 2013 and April 2023 were eligible for inclusion. Articles reporting on studies performed in populations under 18 years of age, with unclear methods and results, or for which the full text was unavailable were excluded. The risk of bias in the selected studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists.

Data Analysis
Of 547 screened articles, 15 were included, comprising 4 cross-sectional, 2 cohort, and 9 randomized controlled trials. These studies examined the effects of various diets, including the Mediterranean, low-fat high-carbohydrate, anti-inflammatory, and vegan, on RA. Results indicate adherence to plant-based diets generally reduced disease severity and improved dietary intake, physical activity, body weight, and key clinical markers such as the Disease Activity Score-28, Visual Analog Scale score, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein level in patients with in RA.

Conclusions
Most of the studies suggested the Mediterranean diet may positively affect the severity of RA. However, the included studies show heterogeneity. Therefore, more randomized controlled studies are needed in this area to increase understanding of the effect of diet on RA and facilitate the implementation of strategies to prevent RA.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023420577.
One Health Field Approach Applied to Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Across Humans, Animals and the Environment
Authors: Antoniolli Andrea , Guis Hélène , Picardeau Mathieu , Goarant Cyrille , Flamand Claude 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonosis transmitted through urine of infected hosts or contaminated environments. The transmission of bacteria between humans, animals, and the environment underscores the necessity of a One Health approach.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review to identify significant findings and challenges in One Health research on leptospirosis, focusing on studies involving sampling in ≥2 of the 3 compartments: human, animal, and environment. We searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and ScienceDirect from 1 January 1918 to 31 December 2022. We assessed risk of bias in studies using Joanna Briggs Institute tools and performed a meta-analysis to identify links between One Health compartments.

Results
Of 1082 leptospirosis studies with sampling, 102 multicompartmental studies conducted between 1972 and 2022 were included: 70 human-Animal, 18 animal-environment, 4 human-environment, and 10 across all compartments. Various methodological weaknesses were identified, from study design to statistical analysis. Meta-regressions identified positive associations between human and animal seroprevalences, particularly with livestock and with wild nonrodent animals, and a link between the environmental positivity rate and domestic animal seroprevalence. Our analysis was constrained by the limited number of studies included and by the quality of protocols.

Conclusions
This 50-year overview of One Health field approach to leptospirosis highlights the critical need for more robust, well-supported One Health research to clarify the transmission dynamics and identify risk factors of zoonoses.
Exploring the formation and permeability of plasmodesmata in the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Hsu Chia-Yun , Hsu Chia-Hsuan , Chang Hui-Yu , Lu Kuan-Ju 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Plasmodesmata are cell-wall-embedded channels that evolved in the common ancestor of land plants to increase cell-to-cell communication. Whether all the fundamental properties of plasmodesmata emerged and were inherited in all land plants at the same time is unknown. Here, we show that the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha (a nonvascular plant) forms mostly simple plasmodesmata in early-developing gemmae. The complexity of plasmodesmata increases during gemma maturation, and complex plasmodesmata with enlarged cavities are majorly observed in thalli. In contrast to vascular plants, whose simple plasmodesmata can transport monomeric fluorescent proteins, plasmodesmata in M. polymorpha limited their permeability before the juvenile-to-adult transition. In support, callose, a known polysaccharide regulating plasmodesmata permeability in vascular plants, accumulated in most of the M. polymorpha tissues examined. Furthermore, we found that in the apical meristematic region, plasmodesmata allowed the transport of monomeric fluorescent proteins, and this relaxation might correlate with the lower accumulation of callose. Taken together, our study suggests that certain plasmodesmata properties, such as complexity progression and callose accumulation, may have evolved before the divergence between vascular and nonvascular plants.
Federalism and Social Policy Expansion in Canada during the Justin Trudeau Era
Authors: Dinan Shannon , Béland Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Canadian federalism entrusts subnational entities with responsibility over most social policy areas. Yet, the federal government wields influence over social policy through different institutional paths, including the ability to spend in policy areas located outside its jurisdiction. In this article, we analyze the relationship between federalism and social policy during the successive Justin Trudeau Liberal governments by examining key areas that have witnessed expansion, including childcare, pensions, and health care. Illustrating all three models of federal-provincial social policy relations identified by Banting (2005), these policy areas feature varied institutional configurations that point to the diversity of the relationship between federalism and social policy expansion in Canada. Building on the work of Graefe and Fiorillo (2023), we show that—despite communicating a desire for collaboration and cooperation—the Trudeau governments have advanced a top-down federal social policy agenda in key policy areas.