bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kaiser Permanente's Good Health & Great Hair Program: Partnering With Barbershops and Beauty Salons to Advance Health Equity in West Baltimore, Maryland
Authors: Nadison Maya , Flamm Laura J. , Roberts Alma , Staton Troy , Wiener Lisa , Locke Jessica , Bullock Eddye , Loftus Bernadette , Carpenter Carrie , Sadler Michele , Horberg Michael A. 
Published: May 2021

Context:
The Good Health & Great Hair program was developed by Kaiser Permanente in partnership with a network of trusted neighborhood barbershops and beauty salons in West Baltimore, Maryland.

Program:
The initiative aimed to increase health awareness and knowledge and reduce health disparities by making no-cost health care services available beyond traditional health care settings in predominantly Black, historically redlined neighborhoods in West Baltimore.

Implementation:
This initiative, established by an integrated health care system, is the first to utilize mobile health clinics into a holistic community health outreach program in partnership with barbershops and beauty salons to provide medical and social services to underserved populations. In addition to the mobile health clinics, key features of this program included lay first responder trainings on topics of physical and behavioral health, on-site medical and social services offered by community partners, and culturally relevant mental health programming. The majority of participants (n = 1823) were male (58%), Black (86%), and between the ages of 45 and 64 years (51%).

Evaluation:
Data presented include the number of clinical and social services provided. More than 8000 clinical and social services were provided between September 2016 and March 2020. Blood pressure (n = 2317), diabetes (n = 469), tobacco (n = 448), and cholesterol (n = 443) were the most accessed clinical screening services. The median number of clinical services provided per client was 2. Fitness (n = 1496), job search support (n = 1123), mental health (n = 603), and health insurance (n = 455) were the most accessed social services.

Discussion:
The initiative delivered critical health and social support services through a partnership with an established integrated health care system, community barbershops and beauty salons, a mobile health team, and social supports. This novel program utilized a mobile health clinic to provide extensive clinical services complemented by on-site social services. Patterns of service utilization and lessons learned could inform the design of similar programs.
Provider Reactions to Opioid-Prescribing Report Cards
Authors: Alishahi Musheng L. , Olson Katie , Brooks-Russell Ashley , Hoppe Jason , Runyan Carol 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
To evaluate prescribers' reactions and self-reported intentions to change prescribing behavior in response to opioid-prescribing report cards.

Design:
We surveyed a sample of licensed prescribers in the state of Colorado registered with the state's prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP).

Setting:
In 2018, Colorado disseminated tailored opioid-prescribing report cards to increase use of the PDMP and improve opioid prescribing. Report cards reflected individual prescribing history and compared individuals with an aggregate of others in the same specialty. Surveys were sent to approximately 29 000 prescribers registered with the PDMP 12 weeks after report card distribution. If respondents were not sent a report card, they were shown a sample report. Respondents were asked about their perceptions of the usefulness of the information and intentions to change their prescribing.

Participants:
A total of 3784 prescribers responded to the survey.

Main Outcome Measures:
Respondents were asked about their attitudes and reactions to an opioid-prescribing report card. Answers were given in the form of a 5-point Likert scale or multiple-choice questions.

Results:
Of those who responded, 53.6% were male and nearly half (49.5%) had spent more than 20 years in practice. Among prescribers who recalled receiving a report card, most felt the reports were easy to understand (87.4%) and provided new information (82.8%). Two-thirds of prescribers who saw their reports felt the information accurately reflected their prescribing practices. Overall, 40.0% reported they planned to change their prescribing behaviors as a result of the information provided. The most useful metrics identified by prescribers were the number of patients with multiple providers and the number of patients receiving dangerous combination therapy.

Conclusions:
Overall, perceptions of the usefulness and accuracy of the report cards were positive. Understanding how the reports are perceived is a key factor to their use and influence. Further tailoring of the report to prescribers of different specialties and experience may enhance the effectiveness of the report cards.
Trigger-Site Deactivation Surgery for Nerve Compression Headaches
Authors: Gfrerer Lisa , Dayan Erez , Austen William Gerald 
Published: May 2021

Learning Objectives:
After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Identify patients who are candidates for headache surgery. 2. Counsel the patient preoperatively with regard to success rates, recovery, and complications. 3. Develop a surgical plan for primary and secondary nerve decompression. 4. Understand the surgical anatomy at all trigger sites. 5. Select appropriate International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, and CPT codes.

Summary:
Headache surgery encompasses release of extracranial peripheral sensory nerves at seven sites. Keys to successful surgery include correct patient selection, detailed patient counseling, and meticulous surgical technique. This article is a practical step-by-step guide, from preoperative assessment to surgery and postoperative recovery. International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, and CPT codes, in addition to complications and salvage procedures, are discussed. Intraoperative photographs, videos, and screening questionnaires are provided.
The Impact of Political Advocacy on the Plastic Surgeon: A Data-Driven Analysis
Authors: Ellsworth Warren A. , Hill David A. , Abu-Ghname Amjed , Davis Matthew J. , Buchanan Edward P. , Jalalabadi Faryan 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Despite successful legislative efforts by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS), the Plastic Surgery Political Action Committee remains underused. Participation in advocacy and financial contributions of ASPS members fall below those of similar surgical subspecialties. This study aims to perform a data-driven investigation into the impact of Plastic Surgery Political Action Committee efforts on the practicing plastic surgeon.

Methods:
A retrospective review of the ASPS procedural database from 1992 to 2018 and Plastic Surgery Political Action Committee contributions from 2012 to 2018 was performed. Postmastectomy breast and congenital anomaly reconstructions were analyzed. To determine significant variations in trends, change-point analyses were conducted. Changes in surgical volume were correlated to implementation of federal legislative efforts.

Results:
Three significant trends of increased breast reconstruction volume were detected with associations to three specific legislative changes: 1992 to 1998, which correlates with the Women’s Health and Cancer Rights Act; 2006 to 2009, which correlates with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s approval of silicone breast implant use; and 2013 to 2015, which correlates with the Breast Cancer Patient Education Act. During the study period, breast reconstruction procedures increased substantially compared with all reconstructive procedures (146.6 percent versus 3.6 percent). There were no significant trends detected for birth defect reconstructions. Although contributions were relatively stagnant, resident member contributions increased after 2015, correlating with formation of the Political Action Committee’s Resident’s Club.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates a correlation in timing between Plastic Surgery Political Action Committee legislative accomplishments and the resulting case volume increase in some areas of plastic surgery. The data highlight the importance of political advocacy and how political action committee activities can directly impact patient access to care and the practice of plastic surgery.
Simultaneous Circumferential Body Lift and Four-Flap Breast Reconstruction Using Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator and Lumbar Artery Perforator Flaps
Authors: Haddock Nicholas T. , Kelling Joseph A. , Teotia Sumeet S. 
Published: May 2021

Summary:
The ideal autologous breast reconstruction provides a long-lasting and aesthetically pleasing result. The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap remains the gold standard for breast reconstruction; however, in a subset of patients, this flap may not provide adequate soft tissue to achieve the patient’s aesthetic goals. The lumbar artery perforator flap has emerged as a useful adjunct to the DIEP flap for four-flap breast reconstruction, and also provides the patient with circumferential body contouring. From April 1 to July 1, 2019, the authors performed two bilateral stacked DIEP and lumbar artery perforator flap breast reconstructions. The authors retrospectively reviewed patient charts for pertinent data. Patients were chosen for reconstruction based on their physical examination and computed tomographic angiography findings. The operative technique used was unchanged for both reconstructions. The average total length of surgery was 553 minutes. The average DIEP flap weight was 510 g and the average lumbar artery perforator flap weight was 680 g. The average ischemia time for each lumbar artery perforator flap was 62 minutes. Length of stay was 3 days for both patients. This article describes the authors’ approach to total breast reconstruction with stacked lumbar artery perforator flaps and DIEP flaps while also effectively performing a circumferential lower body lift. Critical components for success include appropriate patient selection and using a team approach with appropriately experienced staff at all levels of care.
Topical Application of Conditioned Medium from Hypoxically Cultured Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Takahashi Hiroko , Ohnishi Shunsuke , Yamamoto Yuhei , Hayashi Toshihiko , Murao Naoki , Osawa Masayuki , Maeda Taku , Ishikawa Kosuke , Sakamoto Naoya , Funayama Emi 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Mesenchymal stem cells or their conditioned medium improve chronic wound healing, and their effect is enhanced by hypoxia. Diabetic foot ulcers are chronic wounds characterized by abnormal and delayed healing, which frequently require amputation. The authors evaluated the effect of topical application of conditioned medium from hypoxically cultured amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells on wound healing in diabetic mice.

Methods:
Amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured under 21% oxygen to prepare normoxic conditioned medium and under 1% oxygen to prepare hypoxic conditioned medium. Hydrogels containing standard medium, normoxic conditioned medium, or hypoxic conditioned medium were topically applied to excisional wounds of mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Ulcer tissues were harvested on day 9; immunohistochemical and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed to analyze angiogenesis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and expression levels of inflammation-related genes.

Results:
Hypoxic conditioned medium significantly enhanced wound closure, increased capillary density and epithelization, and reduced macrophage infiltration. It also tended to reduce the infiltration of neutrophils and enhance the infiltration of regulatory T cells; it showed a tendency to downregulate the expression of the inflammation-related genes interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, chemokine ligand 1, and chemokine ligand 2. Normoxic conditioned medium exhibited similar effects, although they were of lesser magnitude than those of hypoxic conditioned medium.

Conclusions:
Hydrogels containing hypoxically cultured, amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium accelerated wound healing in diabetic mice by enhancing angiogenesis, accelerating epithelization, and suppressing inflammation. Therefore, topical application of amnion mesenchymal stem cell–derived hypoxic conditioned medium could be a novel treatment for diabetic foot ulcers.
An Algorithm for Management of Cosmetic and Reconstructive Patients with Textured Implants: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Colwell Amy S. , Lamb Leslie R. , Tomczyk Eleanor , Faulkner Heather , Specht Michelle C. 
Published: May 2021

Summary:
Textured anatomic silicone gel breast implants have advantages of gel cohesivity and a natural slope between the upper and lower poles of the breast; however, they have fallen out of favor secondary to their risk of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma. For patients who choose to keep their textured devices, there remains controversy over the best long-term follow-up. This article presents an algorithm from plastic surgery, surgical oncology, and radiology at the Massachusetts General Hospital for management of these patients.
Short Telomeres and a T-Cell Shortfall in COVID-19: The Aging Effect
Authors: Anderson James J. , Susser Ezra , Arbeev Konstantin G. , Yashin Anatoliy I. , Levy Daniel , Verhulst Simon , Aviv Abraham 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe slow pace of global vaccination and the rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants suggest recurrent waves of COVID-19 in coming years. Therefore, understanding why deaths from COVID-19 are highly concentrated among older adults is essential for global health. Severe COVID-19 T-cell lymphopenia is more common among older adults, and it entails poor prognosis. Much about the primary etiology of this form of lymphopenia remains unknown, but regardless of its causes, offsetting the decline in T-cell count during SARS-CoV-2 infection demands fast and massive T-cell clonal expansion, which is telomere length (TL)-dependent. We have built a model that captures the effect of age-dependent TL shortening in hematopoietic cells and its effect on T-cell clonal expansion capacity. The model shows that an individual with average hematopoietic cell TL (HCTL) at age twenty years maintains maximal T-cell clonal expansion capacity until the 6th decade of life when this capacity plummets by more than 90% over the next ten years. The collapse coincides with the steep increase in COVID-19 mortality with age. HCTL metrics may thus explain the vulnerability of older adults to COVID-19. That said, the wide inter-individual variation in HCTL across the general population means that some younger adults with inherently short HCTL might be at risk of severe COVID-19 lymphopenia and mortality from the disease.Significance StatementDeclining immunity with advancing age is a general explanation for the increased mortality from COVID-19 among older adults. This mortality far exceeds that from viral illnesses such as the seasonal influenza, and it thus requires specific explanations. One of these might be diminished ability with age to offset the development of severe T-cell lymphopenia (a low T-cell count in the blood) that often complicates COVID-19. We constructed a model showing that age-dependent shortening of telomeres might constrain the ability of T-cells of some older COVID-19 patients to undertake the massive proliferation required to clear the virus that causes the infection. The model predicts that individuals with short telomeres, principally seniors, might be at a higher risk of death from COVID-19.
Evaluating the effects of second-dose vaccine-delay policies in European countries: A simulation study based on data from Greece
Authors: Barmpounakis P. , Demiris N. , Kontoyiannis I. , Pavlakis G. , Sypsa V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe results of a simulation-based evaluation of several policies for vaccine rollout are reported, particularly focusing on the effects of delaying the second dose of two-dose vaccines. In the presence of limited vaccine supply, the specific policy choice is a pressing issue for several countries worldwide, and the adopted course of action will affect the extension or easing of non-pharmaceutical interventions in the next months. We employ a suitably generalised, age-structure, stochastic SEIR (Susceptible → Exposed → Infectious → Removed) epidemic model that can accommodate quantitative descriptions of the major effects resulting from distinct vaccination strategies. The different rates of social contacts among distinct age-groups (as well as some other model parameters) are informed by a recent survey conducted in Greece, but the conclusions are much more widely applicable. The results are summarised and evaluated in terms of the total number of deaths and infections as well as life years lost. The optimal strategy is found to be one based on fully vaccinating the elderly/at risk as quickly as possible, while extending the time-interval between the two vaccine doses to 12 weeks for all individuals below 75 years old, in agreement with epidemic theory which suggests targeting a combination of susceptibility and infectivity. This policy, which is similar to the approaches adopted in the UK and in Canada, is found to be effective in reducing deaths and life years lost in the period while vaccination is still being carried out.
A multi-scale in silico mouse model for insulin resistance and humanoid type 2 diabetes
Authors: Simonsson Christian , Lövfors William , Bergqvist Niclas , Nyman Elin , Gennemark Peter , Stenkula Karin G , Cedersund Gunnar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInsulin resistance (IR) causes compensatory insulin production, which in humans eventually progresses to beta-cell failure and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This disease progression involves multi-scale processes, ranging from intracellular signaling to organ-organ and whole-body level regulations, on timescales from minutes to years. T2D progression is commonly studied using overfed and genetically modified rodents. However, rodents do not exhibit human T2D progression, with IR-driven beta-cell failure, and available multi-scale data is too complex to fully comprehend using traditional analysis. To help resolve these issues, we here present an in silico mouse model. This is the first mathematical model that simultaneously explains multi-scale mouse IR data on all three levels – cells, organs, body – ranging from minutes to months. The model correctly predicts new independent multi-scale validation data and provides insights into non-measured processes. Finally, we present a humanoid in silico mouse exhibiting disease progression from IR to IR-driven T2D.
Locus Coeruleus Stimulation Affects response Adaptation in the Somatosensory Cortex of Whisker-to-barrel Touch System
Authors: Fazlali Zeinab , Ranjbar-Slamloo Yadollah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStimulus-driven responses in the cortex reduce due to prior exposure to sensory stimuli, a phenomenon called sensory adaptation. Depression of synaptic supplies and afterhyperpolarization (AHP) following each action potential are the main proposed mechanisms for adaptation. In vitro studies have shown that the neuronal adaptation in the barrel cortex depends on slow AHPs. Such AHPs can be affected by neuromodulators, such as noradrenaline. This evidence suggests that Locus Coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic system may reduce sensory adaptation through this cellular mechanism. We proposed that LC stimulation before whisker deflection can affect the degree of adaptation in the barrel cortex, depending on the nature of noradrenergic interactions in the barrel cortex. We coupled adapted or non-adapted whisker deflections with LC phasic stimulation with a 400 ms interval. A 50ms sinusoidal vibration was applied to the whisker immediately before the test deflection. Neuronal activity was recorded from the barrel cortex (BC) in a urethane anesthetized rat. We quantified the effect of LC stimulation on the degree of adaptation in BC; a lower adaptation index shows lower adaptation. Our result showed that LC stimulation significantly modulated adapted response in 30 % of units with insignificant modulation on the adaptor or non-adapted response. This modulation was in two directions; adaptation decreased in 5 % of units and increased in 25 % of units.In addition to LC modulation on adaptor response in the level of individual units, adaptor response was lower modulated in around 70 % of units, on average. This modulation was not correlated by LC modulation on non-adapted response. Although sensory adaptation in BC was attenuate by LC stimulation in the majority of units, there was a limited number of units that showed significant modulation.
TMPs Interaction Domain: A Discovery of Structural Universality Among TMPs Interaction Sites Using Deep Learning Method
Authors: Bao Yihang , Wang Weixi , Dong Minglong , He Fei , Wang Han 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTransmembrane proteins (TMPs) serve as important drug targets and accounts for nearly half of the drugs currently available in the market. Research into TMPs interactions and their structural basis will provide key information for drug research and new drug development. Based on previous works like a binding pocket or binding site, our main purpose in this study is to find whether the structural universality (Interaction Domain) exists in all kinds of TMPs interaction regions through a computational approach. After implementing the experiments using our 3D deep learning model and achieve the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.36, we found strong evidence for the existence of the structural basis among TMPs interaction regions. That means those regions, or we call them interaction domains, are structural specific distinguishing to the domains without any interaction. According to this, this work provides a new theoretical basis for TMPs interaction research and can greatly boost the development of the drug industry.
Four new threatened species ofRinorea(Violaceae), treelets from the forests of Cameroon
Authors: Achoundong Gaston , van der Burgt Xander , Cheek Martin 
Published: May 2021

SummaryFour species ofRinoreaare described as new to science; all four species are endemic to evergreen rain forest in Cameroon.Rinorea villiersiiAchound., andRinorea amietiiAchound. are placed in Sect.CrassifloraeWahlert, whileRinorea dewildeiAchound. andRinorea faureiAchound. fall inRinoreasectionDentatae(Engl.) Wahlert. The first species appears to be endemic to the Solé Forest Reserve northeast of Yabassi in Littoral Region. The second and the third species are found mainly in Littoral and South Regions,Rinorea amietiiextending to South West Region andRinorea dewildeiextending to Central Region. The fourth species,Rinorea faureiis an endemic of the Santchou Forest Reserve at the foot of Dschang Plateau in West Region. The affinities of the four species are discussed, they are illustrated and mapped, and their conservation status is assessed. All four species are threatened with extinction according to the 2012 IUCN categories and criteria.