bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of natural clinoptilolite on physiology, water stress, sugar, and anthocyanin content in Sanforte (Vitis viniferaL.) young vineyard
Authors: Cataldo E. C. , Salvi L. S. , Paoli F. P. , Fucile M. F. , Masciandaro G. M. , Manzi D. M. , Masini C. M. M. , Mattii G. B. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the Mediterranea area, major effects of climate change are a modification in rainfall patterns, an increase in temperature with an intensify in tropical nights, and an increase in incoming radiations, especially UV-Bs. Despite the various adaptation strategies, grapevines are sensitive to altered climatic conditions. This paper aims to assess the benefits of applying a new sustainable product to the soil that can implement farmers’ resources to adapt to this changing situation. Zeowine was realized by combining the properties of zeolite, which has excellent potential in many sectors such as in agriculture, with the organic substance of a compost obtained on a company scale from the reuse of waste processing grapes, pomace and stalks. The effects of two different soil management (Z – Zeowine, 30 t/ha dose and C – Compost, 20 t/ha dose) on vine physiology and berry compositions in Sanforte grapevines (new plantation) were studied during the 2019–2020–2021 growing seasons in the San Miniato area, Italy. The following physiological parameters of grapevines were measured: leaf gas exchange, leaf temperature, stem water potential and chlorophyll fluorescence. The results showed that Z increased single leaf photosynthesis, reduced leaf temperature and water stress. In addition, phenolic and technological parameters were studied. The Z-treated vines had higher sugar content and total and extractable anthocyanin content as well as berry weight. These results suggested that the application of zeolites added to compost in the vineyard to the soil can be a valid tool to mitigate the effects of climate change.
Integrating research into language teaching and learning: Learners and teachers as co-researchers exploring praxis
Authors: Hanks Judith 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClassroom research has long been recommended as a fruitful avenue for English language teaching (ELT) in applied linguistics. Yet recognition of the value of practitioners exploring their own praxis has only recently come to the fore. In this plenary, I focus on Exploratory Practice, a form of ‘fully inclusive practitioner research’, in which learners as well as teachers are invited to integrate research and pedagogy. Drawing on studies from around the world, I spotlight the potential of learners and teachers to contribute to debates in the fields of language teaching and learning, applied linguistics and social sciences alike. This co-production between learners and teachers illuminates the nexus of research and pedagogy (praxis), providing plentiful puzzles for exploration.
The Illumination of Thunderclouds by Lightning: 2. The Effect of GLM Instrument Threshold on Detection and Clustering
Authors: Peterson Michael , Light Tracy E. L. , Mach Douglas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLightning is measured from space using optical instruments that detect transient changes in the illumination of the cloud top. How much of the flash (if any) is recorded by the instrument depends on the instrument detection threshold. NOAA's Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) employs a dynamic threshold that varies across the imaging array and changes over time. This causes flashes in certain regions and at night to be recorded in greater detail than other flashes, and threshold inconsistencies will impose biases on all levels of GLM data products. In this study, we quantify the impact of the varying GLM threshold on event/group/flash detection, flash clustering, and gridded product generation by imposing artificial thresholds on the event data taken from a thunderstorm with a low instrument threshold (∼0.7 fJ). We find that even modest increases in threshold severely impact event (60% loss by 2 fJ, 90% loss by 10 fJ) and group (25% loss by 2 fJ, 81% loss by 10 fJ) detection by suppressing faint illumination of the cloud top from weak sources and scattering. Flash detection is impacted less by threshold increases (4% loss by 2 fJ), but reductions are still significant at higher thresholds (35% loss by 10 fJ, or 44% if single‐group flashes are removed). Undetected pulses cause individual flashes to be split and severely impact the construction of gridded products. All of these factors complicate the interpretation of GLM data, particularly when trended over time under a changing threshold.
The Role of Moisture Conveyor Belts for Precipitation in the Atacama Desert
Authors: Böhm Christoph , Reyers Mark , Knarr Leon , Crewell Susanne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the hyperarid Atacama Desert in northern Chile, rare precipitation events can leave long‐lasting geomorphological traces and have strong impacts on biota. While moisture conveyor belts (MCBs) and atmospheric rivers (ARs) have been associated with extreme precipitation in semiarid regions, their role for the Atacama Desert has not been previously investigated. This study reveals that about four MCBs per year make landfall in the Atacama Desert. According to simulated precipitation, 40–80% of the total precipitation between the coast and the Andean foothills is associated with MCBs. A case study reveals an elevated moisture transport decoupled from the maritime boundary layer, which is generalized by a composite analysis. Back trajectories reveal the Amazon Basin as the main source of moisture. MCB landfall times are derived from the AR catalog by Guan and Waliser (2015), https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jd024257. Implications of the results on paleoclimate reconstructions are discussed.
Millennial‐Scale Monsoon Variability Modulated by Low‐Latitude Insolation During the Last Glaciation
Authors: Zhang Zeke , Li Gaojun , Cai Yanjun , Cheng Xing , Sun Youbin , Zhao Jiaju , Shu Peixian , Ma Le , An Zhisheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEarth's climate system has experienced substantial millennial‐scale oscillations characterized by abrupt changes superimposed on orbital‐scale changes. However, the dynamic connection between millennial and orbital timescales remains elusive. Here, we provide a summer monsoon precipitation δ18O record spanning from ∼8 to ∼60.5 ka based on the oxygen isotopic composition of microcodium from loess deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau. This record shows distinct precessional variations (23 ka) punctuated by prominent millennial‐scale oscillations. It is generally consistent with speleothem δ18O and other loess‐based records, reflecting the East Asian summer monsoon changes. More importantly, our result also shows that large increases in the magnitude of millennial‐scale variability correspond to the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation minimum. We propose that precession‐induced low‐latitude summer insolation modulates the amplitudes of millennial‐scale summer monsoon variability by changing the mean monsoon state during the last glaciation.
An Integrated Modeling Approach for Analyzing the Deformation Style of Active Volcanoes: Somma‐Vesuvius Case Study
Authors: De Matteo Ada , Massa Bruno , Castaldo Raffaele , D’Auria Luca , James Mike R. , Lane Stephen J. , Pepe Susi , Tizzani Pietro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe deformation style of active volcanoes can provide insight into the structural evolution of their edifices, volcanic activity and associated hazards. The Somma‐Vesuvius volcano is considered one of the most dangerous on the planet due to its proximity to the megacity of Naples (Southern Italy). Thus, understanding its deformation style and corresponding long‐term structural evolution are critical aspects for risk reduction. Although a large amount of data has already been collected about Somma‐Vesuvius, the deformation style affecting its volcanic edifice is still debated. Therefore, we devised an integrated approach to clarify the current state of deformation of this volcano. In particular, we combined analog experiments and finite element (FE) modeling to constrain the current deformation style affecting Somma‐Vesuvius and determine the physical parameters controlling its structural evolution. The analog models were built at a scale of 1:100,000 using sand mixtures (brittle analog) and polydimethylsiloxane (ductile analog). The FE models were implemented by considering a three‐dimensional time‐dependent fluid‐dynamic approach performed at both the analog model scale (1:100,000) and actual volcano scale (1:1). We obtained an FE model and a corresponding analog one that faithfully reproduced the observed deformation velocity patterns revealed by differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) and GPS measurements at Somma‐Vesuvius. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that a combined gravitational spreading‐sagging process governs the deformation style of Somma‐Vesuvius.
Influence of the Solar Cycle on the North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Kuroda Yuhji , Kodera Kunihiko , Yoshida Kohei , Yukimoto Seiji , Gray Lesley 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe examine the influence of the solar cycle on the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on its pathway from the upper stratosphere to the surface by applying lagged regression analyses to recent observations, historical observations covering 194 years, and an Earth system model simulation covering 165 years. The propagation of the solar signal can well be explained by a top‐down mechanism, but one that was strongly affected by air‐sea coupling. The solar signal first appears in the subtropical upper stratosphere as a temperature signal. The associated zonal wind signal then propagates downward to the surface in response to stratospheric variability known as the Polar‐night Jet Oscillation. The NAO signal tends to appear in February during years of peak solar activity. The solar signal is further modulated such that positive NAO signals tend to appear earlier in winter with increasing years after peak solar activity associated with the appearance of the NAO‐related SST signal. There are also 50‐year scale fluctuations and amplitude modulations of the solar‐NAO signal, but the tendency of increasing NAO amplitude with increasing NAO‐related SST amplitude suggests a strong influence of decadal ocean dynamics on these modulations.
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab induces major pathological responses in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Vos Joris L. , Elbers Joris B. W. , Krijgsman Oscar , Traets Joleen J. H. , Qiao Xiaohang , van der Leun Anne M. , Lubeck Yoni , Seignette Iris M. , Smit Laura A. , Willems Stefan M. , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , Dirven Richard , Baris Karakullukcu M. , Karssemakers Luc , Klop W. Martin C. , Lohuis Peter J. F. M. , Schreuder Willem H. , Smeele Ludi E. , van der Velden Lilly-Ann , Bing Tan I. , Onderwater Suzanne , Jasperse Bas , Vogel Wouter V. , Al-Mamgani Abrahim , Keijser Astrid , van der Noort Vincent , Broeks Annegien , Hooijberg Erik , Peeper Daniel S. , Schumacher Ton N. , Blank Christian U. , de Boer Jan Paul , Haanen John B. A. G. , Zuur Charlotte L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSurgery for locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) results in 30‒50% five-year overall survival. In IMCISION (NCT03003637), a non-randomized phase Ib/IIa trial, 32 HNSCC patients are treated with 2 doses (in weeks 1 and 3) of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using nivolumab (NIVO MONO, n = 6, phase Ib arm A) or nivolumab plus a single dose of ipilimumab (COMBO, n = 26, 6 in phase Ib arm B, and 20 in phase IIa) prior to surgery. Primary endpoints are feasibility to resect no later than week 6 (phase Ib) and primary tumor pathological response (phase IIa). Surgery is not delayed or suspended for any patient in phase Ib, meeting the primary endpoint. Grade 3‒4 immune-related adverse events are seen in 2 of 6 (33%) NIVO MONO and 10 of 26 (38%) total COMBO patients. Pathological response, defined as the %-change in primary tumor viable tumor cell percentage from baseline biopsy to on-treatment resection, is evaluable in 17/20 phase IIa patients and 29/32 total trial patients (6/6 NIVO MONO, 23/26 COMBO). We observe a major pathological response (MPR, 90‒100% response) in 35% of patients after COMBO ICB, both in phase IIa (6/17) and in the whole trial (8/23), meeting the phase IIa primary endpoint threshold of 10%. NIVO MONO’s MPR rate is 17% (1/6). None of the MPR patients develop recurrent HSNCC during 24.0 months median postsurgical follow-up. FDG-PET-based total lesion glycolysis identifies MPR patients prior to surgery. A baseline AID/APOBEC-associated mutational profile and an on-treatment decrease in hypoxia RNA signature are observed in MPR patients. Our data indicate that neoadjuvant COMBO ICB is feasible and encouragingly efficacious in HNSCC.
Time fractional model of electro-osmotic Brinkman-type nanofluid with heat generation and chemical reaction effects: application in cleansing of contaminated water
Authors: Alrabaiah Hussam , Bilal Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Altaf , Muhammad Taseer , Legas Endris Yimer 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDrilling fluids execute a dominant role in the extraction of oil and gas from the land and rocks. To enhance the efficiency of drilling fluid, clay nanoparticulate has been utilized. The inclusion of clay nanomaterial to drilling fluids significantly elevate their viscosity and thermal conductivity. Therefore, the present investigation is focused on the analysis of time-fractional free convective electro-osmotic flow of Brinkman-type drilling nanofluid with clay nanoparticles. The heat generation and chemical reaction characteristics and influence of the transverse magnetic field have also been taken into an account. The local mathematical model is formulated in terms of coupled PDEs along with appropriate physical conditions. The dimensional governing equations have been non-dimensionalized by using relative similarity variables to encounter the units and reduce the variables. Further, the non-dimensional local model has been artificially converted to a generalized model by utilizing the definition of time-fractional Caputo–Fabrizio derivative with the exponential kernel. The graphical results are analyzed via computational software Mathematica, to study the flow behavior against inserted parameters. From graphical analysis it has been observed qualitatively that the velocity field has been raised against the greater magnitude of electro-osmosis parameter $$Es$$

Es

. Numerical table for Nusselt number is calculated from the obtained exact solutions. From the analysis 11.83% elevation in the rate of energy transition of drilling nanofluid has been reported in response of clay nanoparticles.
Clinical evaluation of antiseptic mouth rinses to reduce salivary load of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ferrer Maria D. , Barrueco Álvaro Sánchez , Martinez-Beneyto Yolanda , Mateos-Moreno María V. , Ausina-Márquez Verónica , García-Vázquez Elisa , Puche-Torres Miguel , Giner Maria J. Forner , González Alfonso Campos , Coello Jessica M. Santillán , Rueda Ignacio Alcalá , Aubá José M. Villacampa , Español Carlos Cenjor , Velasco Ana López , Abad Diego Santolaya , García-Esteban Sandra , Artacho Alejandro , López-Labrador Xavier , Mira Alex 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMost public health measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic are based on preventing the pathogen spread, and the use of oral antiseptics has been proposed as a strategy to reduce transmission risk. The aim of this manuscript is to test the efficacy of mouthwashes to reduce salivary viral load in vivo. This is a multi-centre, blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial that tests the effect of four mouthwashes (cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide) in SARS-CoV-2 salivary load measured by qPCR at baseline and 30, 60 and 120 min after the mouthrinse. A fifth group of patients used distilled water mouthrinse as a control. Eighty-four participants were recruited and divided into 12–15 per group. There were no statistically significant changes in salivary viral load after the use of the different mouthwashes. Although oral antiseptics have shown virucidal effects in vitro, our data show that salivary viral load in COVID-19 patients was not affected by the tested treatments. This could reflect that those mouthwashes are not effective in vivo, or that viral particles are not infective but viral RNA is still detected by PCR. Viral infectivity studies after the use of mouthwashes are therefore required. (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04707742; Identifier: NCT04707742)
Coping strategies patterns to buffer the psychological impact of the State of Emergency in Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic’s early months
Authors: Muñoz-Violant Sarah , Violant-Holz Verónica , Gallego-Jiménez M. Gloria , Anguera M. Teresa , Rodríguez Manuel J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCoping style represents the cognitive and behavioral patterns to manage particular demands appraised as taxing the resources of individuals. Studies report associations between certain coping styles and levels of adjustment of anxious symptomatology and emotional distress. The main objective of this study was to analyze behavioral co-occurrent patterns and relationships in the coping strategies used to deal with psychological distress displayed by the Spanish adult population during the first State of Emergency and lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional study that uses selective methodology complemented with an indirect observational methodology, with a nomothetic/punctual/unidimensional design. We collected 996 surveys from 19 out of the 22 autonomous regions in Spain. We focused the analysis on sociodemographic variables, cumulative incidence of the COVID-19 disease and psychological distress variables. We performed two different inferential analyses: Lag sequential analysis to define the participant coping patterns, and polar coordinate analysis to study the interrelationship of the focal behavior with conditioned behaviors. We found behavioral co-occurrent patterns of coping strategies with problem avoidance being found as the coping strategy most frequently engaged by participants. Interestingly, the problem avoidance strategy was not associated with lower anxious symptomatology. By contrast, emotion-focused strategies such as express emotions and social support were associated with higher anxious symptomatology. Our findings underscore the importance of furthering our understanding of coping as a way to aid psychological distress during global public health emergencies.
How a school holiday led to persistent COVID-19 outbreaks in Europe
Authors: Arnarson Björn Thor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of large outbreaks on the persistence of Covid-19 over time. Using data from 650 European regions in 14 countries, I first show that winter school holidays in late February/early March 2020 (weeks 8, 9 and 10) led to large regional outbreaks of Covid-19 in the spring with the spread being 60% and up-to over 90% higher compared to regions with earlier school holidays. While the impact of these initial large outbreaks fades away over the summer months, it systematically reappears from the fall as regions with school holidays in weeks 8, 9 and 10 had 30–70% higher spread. This suggests that following a large outbreak, there is a strong element of underlying (latent) regional persistence of Covid-19. The strong degree of persistence highlights the long-term benefits of effective (initial) containment policies, as once a large outbreak has occurred, Covid-19 persists. This result emphasizes the need for vaccinations against Covid-19 in regions that have recently experienced large outbreaks but are well below herd-immunity, to avoid a new surge of cases.
Voluntary Cough Effectiveness and Airway Clearance in Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Borders James C. , Troche Michelle S. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
Voluntary cough dysfunction is highly prevalent across multiple patient populations. Voluntary cough has been utilized as a screening tool for swallowing safety deficits and as a target for compensatory and exercise-based dysphagia management. However, it remains unclear whether voluntary cough dysfunction is associated with the ability to effectively clear the airway.

Method:
Individuals with neurodegenerative disorders performed same-day voluntary cough testing and flexible endoscopic evaluations of swallowing (FEES). Participants who were cued to cough after exhibiting penetration to the vocal folds and/or aspiration with thin liquids during FEES met inclusion criteria. One-hundred and twenty-three trials were blinded, and the amount of residue before and after a cued cough on FEES was measured with a visual analog scale. Linear and binomial mixed-effects models examined the relationship between cough airflow during voluntary cough testing and the proportion of residue expelled.

Results:

Peak expiratory flow rate (
p
= .004) and cough expired volume from the entire epoch (
p
= .029) were significantly associated with the proportion of aspiration expelled from the subglottis. Peak expiratory flow rate values of 3.00 L/s, 3.50 L/s, and 5.30 L/s provided high predicted probabilities that ≥ 25%, ≥ 50%, and ≥ 80% aspirate was expelled. Accounting for depth of aspiration significantly improved model fit (
p
< .001).

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that voluntary cough airflow is associated with cough effectiveness to clear aspiration from the subglottis, although aspiration amount and depth may play an important role in this relationship. These findings provide further support for the clinical utility of voluntary cough in the management of dysphagia.
Hot Jupiters, cold kinematics
Authors: Mustill Alexander J. , Lambrechts Michiel , Davies Melvyn B. 
Published: December 2021

Context. The birth environments of planetary systems are thought to influence planet formation and orbital evolution through external photoevaporation and stellar flybys. Recent work has claimed observational support for this, in the form of a correlation between the properties of planetary systems and the local Galactic phase space density of the host star. In particular, hot Jupiters are overwhelmingly present around stars in regions of high phase space density, which may reflect a formation environment with high stellar density.
Aims. We aim to investigate whether the high phase space density may have a Galactic kinematic origin: hot Jupiter hosts may be biased towards being young and therefore kinematically cold, because tidal inspiral leads to the destruction of the planets on gigayear timescales, and the velocity dispersion of stars in the Galaxy increases on similar timescales.
Methods. We used 6D positions and kinematics from Gaia for the hot Jupiter hosts and their neighbours, and we constructed distributions of the phase space density. We investigated correlations between the stars’ local phase space density and peculiar velocity.
Results. We find a strong anti-correlation between the phase space density and the host star’s peculiar velocity with respect to the Local Standard of Rest. Therefore, most stars in ‘high-density’ regions are kinematically cold, which may be caused by the aforementioned bias towards detecting hot Jupiters around young stars before the planets’ tidal destruction.
Conclusions. We do not find evidence in the data for hot Jupiter hosts preferentially being in phase space overdensities compared to other stars of similar kinematics, nor therefore for their originating in birth environments of high stellar density.