bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient‐specific adaptive planning margin for whole bladder radiation therapy
Authors: Zhang Zhexuan , Liu Chieh‐Wen , Donaghue Jeremy D. , Murray Eric J. , Mian Omar , Xia Ping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhole bladder irradiation is an organ preservation treatment approach for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Conventional planning margins, typically 15–20 mm, increase normal tissue toxicity and limit possible dose escalation.PurposeThe study aimed to develop a patient‐specific adaptive margin recipe for whole bladder irradiation to minimize the planning target volume (PTV) while preserving adequate dose coverage.MethodsSixteen patients who received whole‐bladder irradiation were retrospectively selected for this study. We proposed a patient‐specific anisotropic adaptive margin recipe, derived from the first five fractions of kV‐CBCTs, to account for inter‐fractional bladder changes. This recipe was validated using kV‐CBCTs from fractions six to ten and the final five fractions. The goal was to achieve a residual volume, defined as the percentage of daily bladder volume (Vdaily) outside the PTV, of less than 5%. Adaptive and conventional plans were created using proposed and conventional margins, respectively. A dosimetric comparison of targets and organs‐at‐risk (OARs) was performed between the two approaches.Results(Vdaily) decreased throughout the treatment course. The most notable inter‐fractional bladder variations were in the superior and anterior directions. The patient‐specific anisotropic adaptive margins, averaging 6 mm (± 2.9 mm), achieved a residual volume of less than 5%. Compared to conventional planning, the adaptive approach reduced PTV volume by an average of 135.3 cc (± 46.6 cc). A significant correlation (p < 0.05) was identified between residual volume and adaptive margins in the anterior, superior, left, and right directions. Using the proposed adaptive margins, the median residual volume was 0.71% (interquartile range 0.09%−3.55%), and the median (Vdaily) receiving the prescribed dose was 99.1% (interquartile range 95.3%−99.9%). Adaptive plans demonstrated superior OAR sparing compared to conventional plans.ConclusionsThe proposed patient‐specific adaptive margin recipe for whole bladder irradiation resulted in margins smaller than conventional ones, optimized normal tissue sparing, and maintained adequate PTV coverage.
Dynamic Convolutional Neural Networks Based on Adaptive 2D Memristors
Authors: Hong Heemyoung , Chen Xi , Cho Woohyun , Yoo Ho Yeon , Oh Jaewhan , Kim Minseok , Hwang Geunwoo , Yang Yongsoo , Sun Linfeng , Wang Zhongrui , Yang Heejun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConvolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are pivotal in modern digital computing, particularly for tasks like image classification, inspired by the receptive fields of the human brain. Nevertheless, CNNs implemented on conventional digital computers face significant limitations due to inflexible kernels that cannot adjust to dynamic inputs, and the von Neumann architecture, which leads to inefficient data transfer between memory and processing units. This research presents a hardware‐software co‐designed solution, a Dynamic Convolutional Neural Network (dCNN), empowered by three‐terminal adaptive two‐dimensional (2D) memristors. These memristors consist of a vertical heterostructure integrating silver, an atomically thin insulator (CrPS4), and graphene as a semimetal. This configuration allows for the dynamic tuning of conductive filament properties, emulating the heterosynaptic plasticity observed in biological neural systems. The three‐terminal memristor design permits the dCNN to actively adjust kernel weights in its attention layer according to the input stimuli. The empirical tests demonstrate that image classification accuracy using our adaptive 2D memristor‐enhanced dVGG reaches up to 94% on the CIFAR‐10 dataset, which exceeds the performance of static VGG. Furthermore, the energy efficiency of our dVGG significantly outperforms that of GPUs, aligning more closely with the energy dynamics of the human brain in terms of both consumption and classification accuracy.
Biomimetic Pyrolytic MXene‐Based Multifunctional Films with Multi‐Level Structure for Wearable Piezoresistive Devices and Bioelectronics
Authors: Huang Zhaoling , Ge Chengqi , Li Siyuan , Cai Miao , Hui Yun , Liao Xinqin , Zeng Qi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMXene films possess excellent controllable electrical conductivity, mechanical and chemical characteristics, showing great potential in the construction of new‐generation flexible wearable devices. However, achieving multifunctional applications of MXene through simple and scalable methods is a major challenge. Inspired by skin tissue, a pyrolysis‐MXene flexible film (P‐MX) with randomly microspine‐like and internal hollow coupled structure is prepared through the combination of interface‐induced self‐assembly, solution thermal deposition, and high‐temperature pyrolysis methods. The multi‐level structure provides more variable conductive paths during compression and ensures structural integrity under high pressure. The synergistic treatment of oxygen plasma and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) enhances adhesion strength highest up to 46.87 times compared to a single surface treatment strategy between P‐MX sensitive components and flexible substrate. Such P‐MX sensor demonstrates an extremely high sensitivity (76.79 kPa−1 within 0–25.39 kPa), a wide detection range (up to 1275.19 kPa), fast response/ recovery time (22 ms/32 ms), and high cycle reliability (over 18 000 cycles). It can also perceive weak signals (12 mg/4.8 Pa). Additionally, P‐MX exhibits a significant increment in specific capacitance. It exhibits excellent prospects in human‐machine interaction, neural electrodes, and motion detection. These findings open new pathways for the practical application of MXene‐based wearable piezoresistive devices and bioelectronics.
Photoinduced Lattice Compression of Cu for Enhanced Production of Ethylene from CO2
Authors: Li Zhenyao , Wei Wei , Hu Xuli , Zhang Zhen , Hu Yangshun , Wu Yushan , Wang Yao , Xu Junchen , Ding Mingyue 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhile engineering lattice strain has been proven effective in enhancing the electrochemical CO2 reduction performance of a catalyst, the correlation between strain effect and the intrinsic catalytic mechanism has remained elusive. Herein, a photolithography‐inspired method is proposed to regulate Cu(111) lattice strain. By irradiating the photosensitive Cu(Acac) sol–gel, Acac chelate bond undergoes π→π* electronic transition, and the ring‐closed Cu(Acac) decompose into the stabilized Cu(Acac) mesh which presents as nanospots embedded onto the surface of the Cu cluster. The photoinduced nanospots serve to exert compressive strain to the Cu(111) lattice in which the lattice distance is reduced by 5.7–11.4%. Herein, the catalyst with 11.4% lattice compression exhibits enhanced C2H4 production capabilities, reaching a maximal Faradaic efficiency of 57.00%, and a high partial current density of 456.01 mA cm−2. Theoretical calculations reveal that the compressed Cu(111) lattice exhibits reduced surface energies, leading to a significant drop in the C─C coupling reaction free energy from 1.16 eV over the pristine lattice, to 0.57 eV over the 10% compressed lattice. Additionally, the 10% compressed lattice facilitates spontaneous *O splitting immediately after OC─CHO coupling which leads to the generation of C2H4‐favoring *CCH intermediate.
The Epileptiogenic Modified Therapy: Regulating the Dynamic of Microglia via ROS‐Responsive Cascade Nano‐Formulation
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Liu Shuai , Chen Chenghan , Deng Jiahong , Du Zibo , Yang Simin , Deng Hongying , Zhang Zhixia , Huang Yiyu , Fu Jingwen , Zhang Wangming , Poon Wai Sang , Hou Honghao , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPharmacological treatment of epilepsy presents several challenges, particularly the ineffectiveness of antiseizure medicines (ASMs) in modifying disease. In fact, the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preconditioning with tolerable dose of nitric oxide (NO) can activate neuroprotective mechanisms during latency and enhance tolerance to oxidative stress during seizures. To address this, a ROS‐responsive cascade Nano‐formulation (RRCN) is developed, which will transform ROS into NO. Remarkably, RRCN significantly reduces seizure severity, prolongs seizure latency, and extends inter‐seizure intervals, though it does not increase the latency of generalized seizures. Microglia, the primary immune cells of the brain, play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of epilepsy. In the kainic acid (KA) epilepsy model, microglial processes elongate, branching increases, and interactions between microglia and neurons are strengthened in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus compared to the Vehicle group. RRCN reverses these dynamic changes in microglia and their interactions with neurons, which are mediated by the NO/HIF/ErBb2 pathway. Thus, RRCN can inhibit seizures generalization by preconditioning the dynamic changes of microglia.
Accelerating the Electrochemical Formation of the δ Phase in Manganese‐Rich Rocksalt Cathodes
Authors: Holstun Tucker , Mishra Tara P , Huang Liliang , Hau Han‐Ming , Anand Shashwat , Yang Xiaochen , Ophus Colin , Bustillo Karen , ma Lu , Ehrlich Steven , Ceder Gerbrand 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMn‐rich disordered rocksalt materials with Li‐excess (DRX) materials have emerged as a promising class of earth‐abundant and energy‐dense next‐generation cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. Recently, an electrochemical transformation to a spinel‐like “δ” phase has been reported in Mn‐rich DRX materials, with improved capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability compared with previous DRX compositions. However, this transformation unfolds slowly over the course of cycling, complicating the development and understanding of these materials. In this work, it is reported that the transformation of Mn‐rich DRX materials to the promising δ phase can be promoted to occur much more rapidly by electrochemical pulsing at elevated temperature, rate, and voltage. To extend this concept, micron‐sized single‐crystal DRX particles are also transformed to the δ phase by the same method, possessing greatly improved cycling stability in the first demonstration of cycling for large, single‐crystal DRX particles. To shed light on the formation and specific structure of the δ phase, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron nanodiffraction (SEND) and atomic resolution STEM‐HAADF are used to reveal a nanodomain spinel structure with minimal remnant disorder.
Predesign of Covalent‐Organic Frameworks for Efficient Photocatalytic Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Chen Yu , Sun Sheng‐Nan , Chen Xiao‐Hong , Chen Ming‐Lin , Lin Jiao‐Min , Niu Qian , Li Shun‐Li , Liu Jiang , Lan Ya‐Qian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe dehydrogenative cross‐coupling reaction is the premier route for synthesizing important 4‐quinazolinone drugs. However, it usually requires high reaction temperature and long reaction time, and the yield of the final product is low. Here two stable and photosensitive covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs), TAPP‐An and TAPP‐Cu‐An are purposefully designed and constructed to serve as unprecedented heterogeneous tandem catalysts to complete dehydrogenative cross‐coupling reactions in a short time and under mild reaction conditions (room temperature and light), leading to the high‐efficient photosynthesis of 4‐quinazolinones. Particularly, TAPP‐Cu‐An is the best heterogeneous catalyst currently available for the synthesis of 4‐quinazolinones, even surpassing all the catalysts reported so far. It also enables one‐step photosynthesis of 4‐quinazolinones with higher conversion (>99%) and selectivity (>99%) in a shorter time, and the product can be easily prepared on a gram scale. Extensive experiments combined with theoretical calculations show that the excellent photogenerated charge separation and transport capability, as well as the synergistic An‐Cu catalysis in TAPP‐Cu‐An are the main driving forces for this efficient reaction.
PEDOTs‐Based Conductive Hydrogels: Design, Fabrications, and Applications
Authors: Li Hai , Cao Jie , Wan Rongtai , Feig Vivian Rachel , Tringides Christina M. , Xu Jingkun , Yuk Hyunwoo , Lu Baoyang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConductive hydrogels combine the benefits of soft hydrogels with electrical conductivity and have gained significant attention over the past decade. These innovative materials, including poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOTs)‐based conductive hydrogels (P‐CHs), are promising for flexible electronics and biological applications due to their tunable flexibility, biocompatibility, and hydrophilicity. Despite the recent advances, the intrinsic correlation between the design, fabrications, and applications of P‐CHs has been mostly based on trial‐and‐error‐based Edisonian approaches, significantly limiting their further development. This review comprehensively examines the design strategies, fabrication technologies, and diverse applications of P‐CHs. By summarizing design strategies, such as molecular, network, phase, and structural engineering, and exploring both 2D and 3D fabrication techniques, this review offers a comprehensive overview of P‐CHs applications in diverse fields including bioelectronics, soft actuators, energy devices, and solar evaporators. Establishing this critical internal connection between design, fabrication, and application aims to guide future research and stimulate innovation in the field of functional P‐CHs, offering broad benefits to multidisciplinary researchers.
Renal Clearable Chiral Manganese Oxide Supraparticles for In Vivo Detection of Metalloproteinase‐9 in Early Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Chen Panpan , Shi Wenxiong , Qu Aihua , Sun Maozhong , Kuang Hua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, polypeptide TGGGPLGVARGKGGC‐induced chiral manganese dioxide supraparticles (MnO2 SPs) are prepared for sensitive quantification of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) in vitro and in vivo. The results show that L‐type manganese dioxide supraparticles (L‐MnO2 SPs) exhibited twice the affinity for the cancer cell membrane receptor CD47 (cluster of differentiation, integrin‐associated protein) than D‐type manganese dioxide supraparticles (D‐MnO2 SPs) to accumulate at the tumor site after surface modification of the internalizing arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (iRGD) ligand, specifically reacting with the MMP‐9, disassembling into ultrasmall nanoparticles (NPs), and efficiently underwent renal clearance. Furthermore, L‐MnO2 facilitates the quantification of MMP‐9 in mouse tumor xenografts, as demonstrated by circular dichroism (CD) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 2 h. A strong linear relationship is observed between MMP‐9 concentration and both CD and MRI intensity, ranging from 0.01 to 10 ng mL−1. The corresponding limits of detection (LOD) are 0.0054 ng mL−1 for CD and 0.0062 ng mL−1 for MRI, respectively. hese SPs provide a new approach for exploring chiral advanced biosensors for early diagnosis of cancer.
Coherent‐Precipitation‐Stabilized Phase Formation in Over‐Stoichiometric Rocksalt‐Type Li Superionic Conductors
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhao Xinye , Chen Ke , Koirala Krishna Prasad , Giovine Raynald , Yang Xiaochen , Wang Shilong , Szymanski Nathan J. , Xiong Shuoyan , Lun Zhengyan , Ji Huiwen , Wang Chongmin , Bai Jianming , Wang Feng , Ouyang Bin , Ceder Gerbrand 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRationalizing synthetic pathways is crucial for material design and property optimization, especially for polymorphic and metastable phases. Over‐stoichiometric rocksalt (ORX) compounds, characterized by their face‐sharing configurations, are a promising group of materials with unique properties; however, their development is significantly hindered by challenges in synthesizability. Here, taking the recently identified Li superionic conductor, over‐stoichiometric rocksalt Li–In–Sn–O (o‐LISO) material as a prototypical ORX compound, the mechanisms of phase formation are systematically investigated. It is revealed that the spinel‐like phase with unconventional stoichiometry forms as coherent precipitate from the high‐temperature‐stabilized cation‐disordered rocksalt phase upon fast cooling. This process prevents direct phase decomposition and kinetically locks the system in a metastable state with the desired face‐sharing Li configurations. This insight enables us to enhance the ionic conductivity of o‐LISO to be >1 mS cm−1 at room temperature through low‐temperature post‐annealing. This work offers insights into the synthesis of ORX materials and highlights important opportunities in this new class of materials.
Free‐Standing, Transparent Carbon Nanotube Thin Films with High Specific Shielding Effectiveness
Authors: Boyd Samuel J. , Rossi Jamie E. , Broderick Daniel L. , Puchades Ivan , Landi Brian J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are emerging as a candidate shielding material for RF technologies due to their multi‐functional properties such as low density, flexibility, and excellent electrical properties. The present work provides a direct comparison of shielding measurements for single‐wall (SWCNT) and multi‐wall (MWCNT) free‐standing thin films fabricated from chlorosulfonic acid dispersions. CNT thin film properties are varied to create a series of thicknesses ranging from ≈18 to ≈4000 nm, resulting in optical transparencies from 80 to 0%. Shielding effectiveness is measured using a rectangular waveguide setup from 10 to 15 GHz and shows frequency‐independence with values up to 50 dB. Lower shielding effectiveness in MWCNT films relative to SWCNT films of equivalent mass is consistent with theoretical studies that propose a restriction of the electromagnetic interaction to the outer MWCNT walls. The present SWCNT and MWCNT films exhibit density‐ and thickness‐specific shielding effectiveness of 3.3 × 106 dB cm2 g−1, a 10× increase over emerging thin film and transparent conductive materials. Demonstration of shielding effectiveness has been made by measuring signal strength reduction from a Bluetooth device when attenuated by the CNT film. Thus, the present work advances the potential to incorporate transparent, conductive CNT films into RF technologies with arbitrary surface geometry.
Development of a Novel Ultra‐Acidic Self‐Assembling Peptides‐Based Hydrogel System for pH‐Tunable Nanobody Delivery
Authors: Guo Yang , Chu Xiaohui , Deng Yang , Song Liang , Li Fei , Zhang Ming , Xu Fei , Nian Rui , Liu Wenshuai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSelf‐assembling peptide hydrogels are promising scaffolds for drug delivery, however, the costly chemical synthesis of peptides has limited their widespread application. This study develops an innovative biological recombinant strategy for (RADA)5 peptide production by fusing with a fibronectin fragment in Escherichia coli. Notably, it is reported for the first time, (RADA)5 peptides gelates at an extremely acidic pH of 1.2, indicating potential application in the gastrointestinal tract. Circular dichroism reveals a characteristic β‐sheet structure and transmission electron microscopy exhibits a dense and interwoven nanofiber network. The (RADA)5 peptide hydrogels demonstrate a pH‐responsive release with a substantial nanobody release at pH 6.8 (≈80%) and minimal release at pH 2.0 (<30%). This behavior allows fine‐tuning of nanobody release, potentially enabling retention in the acidic stomach and targeted release in the intestines. Within 24 h, <18% of the encapsulated nanobodies are released at pH 2.0, with sustained release observed upon transition to pH 6.8, achieving a cumulative release of 55% over 14 days. In conclusion, the novel ultra‐acidic (RADA)5 peptide hydrogels are promising for sustained and controlled release of nanobodies in gastrointestinal disease treatment.
Three‐ and Seven‐membered Annulenones as a Lewis Base Catalyst for Enantioselective meso‐Epoxide Opening
Authors: Arae Sachie , Shimoda Yasushi , Kuwajima Mizuki , Kotani Shunsuke , Nakajima Makoto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis is the report on the Lewis base catalysis of annulenones. Additionally, the synthesis of chiral annulenone catalysts and their application in asymmetric ring‐opening reactions of meso‐epoxides is shown. Annulenones, such as cyclopropenones and tropones, function as Lewis bases owing to their inherent polarity caused by aromaticity, resulting in the activation of silicon tetrachloride, which catalyzes the ring‐opening reaction of meso‐epoxides. Moreover, various chiral annulenone catalysts have been designed and synthesized, and microwave irradiation has been shown to improve the synthetic efficiency of chiral tropones. The chiral annulenones successfully catalyzed the asymmetric ring‐opening reaction of meso‐epoxides, resulting in the formation of 1,2‐chlorohydrins in a high yield and high enantioselectivity (up to 90% ee in 96% yield). These results represent the example of three‐ and seven‐membered annulenones as a chiral Lewis base catalyst.
Regioselective Hydrothiolation of Terminal Alkynes using Half‐Sandwich Ni(ii) Catalysts bearing Bidentate NHC‐Carboxylate Ligands
Authors: Sanz‐Garrido Jorge , Andrés Román , Gonzalez‐Arellano Camino , Flores Juan C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA half‐sandwich nickel complex containing an NHC‐carboxylate chelate ligand (i. e., [Ni(η5‐Cp)(κ2‐C,O‐NHC)]) derived from the (S)‐leucine has been identified for the selective hydrothiolation of terminal acetylenes toward challenging Markovnikov‐type α‐vinyl thioethers, even with aryl alkynes. The activity and selectivity exhibited by the nickel complex are comparable, if not superior, to those of complexes of rhodium reported to be the best catalysts to date for the Markovnikov addition in the thiol‐yne reaction. The experimental data are consistent with the participation of the coordinated carboxylate group in the catalytic reaction as an intermolecular acid‐base co‐catalyst, favoring the formation of nickel‐thiolate intermediates.
Does Encapsulation of π‐Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles within Biodegradable PEG–PLGA Matrices Mitigate Photoinduced Free Radical Production and Phototoxicity?
Authors: Modicano Paola , Trutschel Marie‐Luise , Phan‐Xuan Thüong , Matarèse Bruno F. E. , Urbano Laura , Green Mark , Mäder Karsten , Dailey Lea Ann 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLipophilic π‐conjugated polymers (CPs) encapsulated within self‐assembling diblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether‐block‐poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PEG–PLGA) nanoparticles, are interesting candidates for photodynamic and photothermal therapies. Upon irradiation, CPs generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may either cause local phototoxicity or could be exploited for photodynamic therapy. The propensity of the PEG–PLGA matrix to scavenge ROS has never been investigated. Here the ability of two PEG–PLGA structures (PEG2 kDa–PLGA4.5 kDa vs PEG5 kDa–PLGA55 kDa) to mitigate the release of ROS generated by four different CPs (PFO, F8BT, CN‐PPV, and PCPDTBT) following irradiation (5 J cm−2) at 385, 455, and 656 nm is studied. The molar content of the PEG–PLGA matrix, rather than the molecular weight or composition, appeared to be the most influential factor, i.e., lower molar concentrations of the matrix polymer are associated with significant increases in phototoxicity. Multivariate analysis reveals that the combination of CP photophysical properties and nanoparticle matrix properties are important for understanding CP nanoparticle‐induced phototoxicity.