bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of autonomic symptoms with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Parkinson disease and scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit
Authors: Yu Zhenwei , Li Yang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dysautonomia is common in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) since disease early phase. Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease – Autonomic (SCOPA-AUT) is a well-designed scale assessing the autonomic dysfunctions of PD patients. Our objectives were to examine the autonomic dysfunction in PD and scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD) patients and to assess the correlation of autonomic dysfunctions with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.
An analysis of the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) data including 414 PD patients, 60 SWEDD patients, and 170 healthy controls (HCs) with baseline CSF biomarker measurements and SCOPA-AUT assessments was presented. Autonomic symptoms including gastrointestinal, urinary, cardiovascular, pupillomotor, thermoregulatory and sexual dysfunctions were assessed by SCOPA-AUT scales. Spearman correlation test was used to examine the correlations between CSF measurements and each section of SCOPA-AUT scales in HCs and subjects with PD or SWEDD.
More severe autonomic dysfunctions were observed in patients with SWEDD than those with PD (P < .001). Specifically, patients with PD have lower scores on the urinary scale [4 (0–17) vs 5 (1–18)], pupillomotor scale [0 (0–3) vs 0 (0–3)], thermoregulatory scale [0 (0–4) vs 1.5 (0–10)] and sexual scale [1 (0–6) vs 2 (0–6)] compared with SWEDD patients. Thermoregulatory dysfunction scores were found correlated with CSF α-syn levels in SWEDD group, and gastrointestinal dysfunction scores were correlated with CSF Abeta1–42 in PD group. Additionally, urinary dysfunction scores were correlated with CSF total tau and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181(p-tau181) levels in both HCs and PD patients.
A cross-sectional study of latent tuberculosis infection, insurance coverage, and usual sources of health care among non-US-born persons in the United States
Authors: Annan Esther , Stockbridge Erica L. , Katz Dolly , Mun Eun-Young , Miller Thaddeus L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
More than 70% of tuberculosis (TB) cases diagnosed in the United States (US) occur in non-US-born persons, and this population has experienced less than half the recent incidence rate declines of US-born persons (1.5% vs 4.2%, respectively). The great majority of TB cases in non-US-born persons are attributable to reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Strategies to expand LTBI-focused TB prevention may depend on LTBI positive non-US-born persons’ access to, and ability to pay for, health care.
To examine patterns of health insurance coverage and usual sources of health care among non-US-born persons with LTBI, and to estimate LTBI prevalence by insurance status and usual sources of health care.
Self-reported health insurance and usual sources of care for non-US-born persons were analyzed in combination with markers for LTBI using 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for 1793 sampled persons. A positive result on an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), a blood test which measures immunological reactivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, was used as a proxy for LTBI. We calculated demographic category percentages by IGRA status, IGRA percentages by demographic category, and 95% confidence intervals for each percentage.
Overall, 15.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 13.5, 18.7] of non-US-born persons were IGRA-positive. Of IGRA-positive non-US-born persons, 63.0% (95% CI = 55.4, 69.9) had insurance and 74.1% (95% CI = 69.2, 78.5) had a usual source of care. IGRA positivity was highest in persons with Medicare (29.1%; 95% CI: 20.9, 38.9).
Our results suggest that targeted LTBI testing and treatment within the US private healthcare sector could reach a large majority of non-US-born individuals with LTBI. With non-US-born Medicare beneficiaries’ high prevalence of LTBI and the high proportion of LTBI-positive non-US-born persons with private insurance, future TB prevention initiatives focused on these payer types are warranted.
The application of the Chinese version of the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Chen Haoyang , Chen Xin , Yan Hongyan , Ben Jielin , Yao Xiaoyan , Yang Pingyu , Zhang Minhua , Jin Tiantian , Shen Biyu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to translate the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ) into Chinese and evaluate its reliability and validity in a sample of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Following the translation and revision of the Chinese version of the BIDQ, 169 patients with SLE were chosen as respondents to test the questionnaire's reliability and validity. We tested the content's validity through expert group evaluation. It is structural validity was examined through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's α and test-retest reliability.
The Chinese version of the BIDQ showed a content validity of .92. A two-factor structure was revealed by exploratory factor analysis, which explained 67.83% of the variance and proved by confirmatory factor analysis. Its overall Cronbach's α was .82 (P
< .001), and the Cronbach's α for each item ranged from .76 to .83. The test-retest reliability was .82, with the Cronbach's α for each item ranging from .76 to .84.
Thus, adequate reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the BIDQ were demonstrated for use in patients with SLE.
The efficacy and safety of glucokinase activators for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gao Qian , Zhang Wenjun , Li Tingting , Yang Guojun , Zhu Wei , Chen Naijun , Jin Huawei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
Glucokinase activators are a novel family of glucose-lowering agents used for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucokinase activators blind to GK activate the enzyme allosterically. Treatment with different GKAs has been shown to reduce fasting and postprandial glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes. We compared the efficacy/safety of glucokinase activators in T2DM patients through a meta-analysis.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Excerpt Medica Database, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for articles published before December 30, 2020. Two independent reviewers extracted the information from article. The quality of articles were assessed by 2 independent reviewers using the 5 items of scale proposed by Jadad. We computed the weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) for a change from baseline to the study endpoint for glucokinase activators vs placebo. Egger test and Begg test were used to assess the possible publication bias caused by the tendency of published studies to be positive.

Results:
The present meta-analysis will compare the efficacy and safety of glucokinase activators and placebo for the treatment of T2DM.

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis will provide advanced evidence on the efficacy and safety of glucokinase activators for the treatment of T2DM.

Ethics and dissemination:
Ethical approval and patient consent are not required because this study is a literature-based study. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42021220364.
Videomics: bringing deep learning to diagnostic endoscopy
Authors: Paderno Alberto , Holsinger F. Christopher , Piazza Cesare 
Published: February 2021

Purpose of review
Machine learning (ML) algorithms have augmented human judgment in various fields of clinical medicine. However, little progress has been made in applying these tools to video-endoscopy. We reviewed the field of video-analysis (herein termed ’Videomics’ for the first time) as applied to diagnostic endoscopy, assessing its preliminary findings, potential, as well as limitations, and consider future developments.

Recent findings
ML has been applied to diagnostic endoscopy with different aims: blind-spot detection, automatic quality control, lesion detection, classification, and characterization. The early experience in gastrointestinal endoscopy has recently been expanded to the upper aerodigestive tract, demonstrating promising results in both clinical fields. From top to bottom, multispectral imaging (such as Narrow Band Imaging) appeared to provide significant information drawn from endoscopic images.

Summary
Videomics is an emerging discipline that has the potential to significantly improve human detection and characterization of clinically significant lesions during endoscopy across medical and surgical disciplines. Research teams should focus on the standardization of data collection, identification of common targets, and optimal reporting. With such a collaborative stepwise approach, Videomics is likely to soon augment clinical endoscopy, significantly impacting cancer patient outcomes.
Current status of adult liver transplantation: utilization of living donor versus deceased donor graft
Authors: Tran Lillian , Humar Abhinav 
Published: February 2021

Purpose of review
This article will summarize prior and recent studies comparing outcomes between living donor and deceased donor liver transplantation (LT) in adults and provide a rationale and framework for expanding living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in Western countries to address the growing critical organ shortage.

Recent findings
There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating superior survival outcomes in LDLT in addition to a multitude of other advantages including shorter cold ischemia times, opportunity for pretransplant medical optimization, and expansion of transplant eligibility. Additionally, these outcomes continue to improve with center volume and experience.

Summary
LDLT in adults emerged in response to an effective donor organ shortage created by the critical discrepancy between donor graft supply and demand. Overcoming this organ shortage and an increasing waitlist mortality requires a liver transplant framework that fully integrates LDLT into liver disease management although continuing to fully maximize deceased donor graft utilization at experience, capable centers. Optimizing both living and deceased donor graft utilization will drastically increase patients’ access to LT.
A Review of Reconstruction for Vulvar Cancer Surgery
Authors: Pavlov Anna , Bhatt Nishant , Damitz Lynn , Ogunleye Adeyemi A. 
Published: February 2021

Importance
Vulvar reconstruction may be required after vulvectomy or any vulvar surgery. Providers should be familiar with techniques for reconstruction to improve clinical outcomes.

Objective
This article reviews the different techniques for reconstruction after vulvectomy and describes the decision-making process for selection of appropriate techniques, postoperative care, and expected outcomes.

Evidence Acquisition
A literature search was conducted, focusing on the plastic surgery and gynecologic oncology literature, using the following search terms: “vulvar reconstruction,” “perineal reconstruction,” “vulvectomy,” and “vulvar cancer.” The search was limited to English publications.

Results
Reconstruction after vulvectomy can be performed using a variety of techniques ranging from simple or complex closure to adjacent tissue rearrangement to skin grafting, locoregional, and free flaps. The appropriate technique is best chosen based on the characteristics of the patient and postablative defect, as well as the reconstructive goals. Postoperative complications are usually minor.

Conclusions
Vulvar reconstruction techniques vary widely and offer patients improved outcomes.

Relevance
Knowledge of vulvar reconstruction techniques is necessary for gynecologists performing vulvar surgery to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, Family Physicians

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to describe 3 different techniques of vulvar reconstruction; explain the factors involved in choosing a technique; and identify possible complications of vulvar reconstruction.
Septum Resection in Women With a Septate Uterus: A Cohort Study
Authors: Rikken J. F. W. , Verhorstert K. W. J. , Emanuel M. H. , Bongers M. Y. , Spinder T. , Kuchenbecker W. , Jansen F. W. , van der Steeg J. W. , Janssen C. A. H. , Kapiteijn K. , Schols W. A. , Torrenga B. , Torrance H. L. , Verhoeve H. R. , Huirne J. A. F. , Hoek A. , Nieboer T. E. , van Rooij I. A. J. , Clark T. J. , Robinson L. , Stephenson M. D. , Mol B. W. J. , van der Veen F. , van Wely M. , Goddijn M. 
Published: February 2021

(Abstracted from Hum Reprod 2020;35(7):1578–1588)
The septate uterus has an estimated prevalence of 0.2% to 2.3% in women of reproductive age and is associated with impaired reproductive outcomes, the biologic basis of which is unclear. The standard-of-care treatment for septate uterus is hysteroscopic septum resection.
A clinical primer for the expected and potential post-COVID-19 syndromes
Authors: Walitt Brian , Bartrum Elizabeth 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In late 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spread unchecked across the world's population. With tens of millions infected, the long-term consequences of COVID-19 infection will be a major health care focus for years after the contagion subsides. Most complications stem from direct viral invasion provoking an over-exuberant inflammatory response driven by innate immune cells and activation of the clotting cascade causing thrombosis. Injury to individual organs and their protective linings are frequent presentations in respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological systems. Reviewing the historical context of postviral fatiguing symptoms seems relevant to understanding reports of uneven recoveries and persistent symptoms that are emerging as “long-haul COVID-19.” The pandemic is also an unprecedented sociocultural event, transforming how people consider their health, gather in groups, and navigate their daily lives. The unprecedented sociocultural stresses of the pandemic will have an invisible, ubiquitous, and predictable impact on neurologic, endocrine, and immune functioning, even in people untouched by the virus. COVID-19 may also have a surprise or two in store, with unique clinical presentations and novel mechanisms of injury which are yet to clearly emerge. Although challenging and unfortunate, these times also represent a unique opportunity to start to unravel the physiology that underlie how viruses may trigger cancers, neurological disease, and postviral fatiguing syndromes.
Retrospective chart review of perioperative pain management of patients having surgery for closed ankle fractures using peripheral nerve blocks at a level one trauma center
Authors: Mateen Sara , Gandhi Vishal , Meyr Andrew J. , Kwaadu Kwasi Y. , Sethi Anish 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Chronic opioid use is unfortunately perceived among these postoperative patients, specifically within orthopedic surgery. Patients having orthopedic surgeries are at risk for becoming addicted to opioids, and one benefit of peripheral nerves blocks could be to provide an alternative mode of pain control. This study takes a retrospective look at the use of peripheral nerve blocks for pain control following surgery for isolated traumatic ankle injuries. We hypothesize that when peripheral nerve blocks are administered preoperatively to patients with closed ankle fractures, they will have overall better control of postoperative pain compared to patients who did not receive a peripheral nerve block.

Objectives:
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of preoperative peripheral nerve blockade on pain outcomes after ankle fracture surgery.

Methods:
After approval from our institutional review board, a Current Procedural Terminology code search was performed of all patients within our institution over a 3-year data collection period (August 2016–June 2019). This resulted in 177 subjects who underwent isolated closed ankle fracture open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), of which 71 subjects met inclusion criteria.

Results:
Results of the primary outcome measures found no difference in the mean postoperative care unit (PACU) pain scores between the groups (2.39 ± 2.91 vs 3.52 ± 3.09; P = 0.1724) nor the frequency of those who reported only mild pain (63.0% vs 47.10%; P = 0.2704). Subjects who received a peripheral nerve block spent more time in the PACU before discharge (2.06 ± 1.05 vs 0.94 ± 1.21 hours; P = 0.0004). Subjects receiving a peripheral nerve block were more likely to be given no analgesics in the PACU (38.9% vs 11.8%; P = 0.042) and less likely to receive a narcotic analgesic in the PACU (53.7% vs 82.4%; P = 0.047).

Conclusion:
Although the results of this investigation demonstrate no significant difference in the mean PACU pain scores, they do demonstrate a significant difference in the amount of pain medication given in the PACU setting. This information will be used for future investigations of this discrepancy between pain perception and need for immediate postoperative pain medications as it relates to multimodal pain control in the setting of ankle fracture surgery.
Evaluation of the POP-UP programme: a multicomponent model of care for people living with HIV with homelessness or unstable housing
Authors: Imbert Elizabeth , Hickey Matthew D. , Clemenzi-Allen Angelo , Lynch Elizabeth , Friend John , Kelley Jackelyn , Conte Madellena , Das Doyel , Rosario Jan Bing Del , Collins Erin , Oskarsson Jon , Hicks Mary Lawrence , Riley Elise D. , Havlir Diane V. , Gandhi Monica 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
Homelessness is the greatest risk factor for HIV viremia in San Francisco. Innovative care models for people with HIV (PWH) with homelessness or unstable housing (HUH) are needed to address this inequity. We developed a novel low-barrier clinic-based program for PWH-HUH in an urban safety-net clinic (’POP-UP’) and report outcomes on care engagement and viral suppression.

Design:
A prospective cohort study.

Setting:
San Francisco General Hospital HIV Clinic (Ward 86).

Participants:
We enrolled PWH who are HUH, viraemic and for whom usual care is not working (at least one missed primary care appointment and at least two drop-in visits at Ward 86 in the last year).

Intervention:
POP-UP provides drop-in comprehensive primary care, housing assistance and case management, financial incentives and patient navigation with frequent contact.

Main outcome measures:
We describe uptake of eligible patients into POP-UP, and cumulative incidence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, return to care and virologic suppression 6 months post-enrolment, estimated via Kaplan--Meier.

Results:
Out of 192 referred patients, 152 were eligible, and 75 enrolled. All 75 were off ART and viraemic; 100% had a substance use disorder; and 77% had a mental health diagnosis. Over three-quarters restarted ART within 7 days of enrolment, and 91% returned for follow-up within 90 days. The cumulative incidence of viral suppression at 6 months was 55% (95% confidence interval 43–68).

Conclusion:
A novel care model for PWH-HUH demonstrates early success in engaging viraemic patients in care and improving viral suppression. Low-barrier, high-contact primary care programmes offering comprehensive services and incentives may improve outcomes for this vulnerable population.
Balance Confidence and Falls Self-Efficacy in Older Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Blackwood Jennifer , Rybicki Kateri 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of the study was to examine the reliability, validity, and measurement error of balance confidence and fall-related self-efficacy measures in older breast cancer survivors.

Design
A cross-sectional study was performed.

Methods
The Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), the shorter, six-item version of the ABC (ABC-6), and the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES) were completed by 35 older breast cancer survivors. Absolute reliability was examined with Cronbach’s alpha, test–retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient for construct validity.

Findings
Absolute reliability was good for the ABC. Test–retest reliability was good for the ABC and the ABC-6 and moderate for the MFES. Construct validity was present for all measures.

Conclusions
Breast cancer survivors’ balance confidence measures should be assessed with either the ABC or the ABC-6, whereas falls self-efficacy should be examined with the MFES.

Clinical Relevance
Nurses and other health professionals who treat breast cancer survivors should include assessing psychological factors associated with falls using the ABC, the ABC-6, or the MFES as low balance confidence or falls self-efficacy contribute to increased falls risk.
Burdens and Educational Needs of Informal Caregivers of Older Adults With Urinary Incontinence: An Internet-Based Study
Authors: Davis Nicole J. , Parker Veronica G. , Lanham Janice , Love Christina R. , Christy Margaret R. , Poetzschke Eve , Wyman Jean F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe the burden and educational needs of informal caregivers of care-dependent older adults with urinary incontinence (UI).

Design
A cross-sectional, descriptive survey of informal caregivers recruited through Google Ads was performed.

Methods
An online survey, including the Overactive Bladder-Family Impact Measure, was used to assess five areas of the experience of the informal caregiver that may be affected by caring for a person with UI and their educational needs.

Findings
Respondents (n = 77) reported a substantial impact of their care recipients’ UI on their lives, with concern, travel, and social subscales most affected. However, 42% never sought treatment on behalf of their care recipient. Educational needs included UI treatment strategies and guidance to select appropriate supplies.

Conclusions
Caregivers underreported their care recipient’s UI and need substantially more support from healthcare providers to manage the condition.

Clinical Relevance
Nurses should assess for UI among care-dependent older adults and, if present, provide information and strategies to lessen the impact on caregiver lives.