bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact assessment of contemporary international and national accounting standards adoption: evidence from Greek hotels
Authors: Koufodontis Nikolaos Iason , Zounta Stella , Papagiouvanni Maria 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to offer new insights on how the adoption of contemporary international accounting standards can affect the financial performance of a hotel. It provides significant input for strategic decision making in property management, especially in countries where hotels properties are given a choice between different accounting standards.Design/methodology/approachData was collected from 3-, 4- and 5- star hotels in Greece, through primary research with questionnaires, filled by hotel financial managers. Greece was selected because hotels can choose between national and international accounting standards; therefore, the research could focus on actual factors beyond mandatory adoption.FindingsMicroeconomic factors such as category or legal form of the hotel in combination with other factors can affect the perceived benefits of the selected accounting standards. Macroeconomic factors such as the overall tourism development of the destination also affect the perceived impact.Research limitations/implicationsThe research was targeted at hotel executives with knowledge and participation in decision making regarding accounting standards. This requirement limited the sample since all hotels do not have a financial manager position.Practical implicationsThe new knowledge can be utilized in property management as an element of hospitality strategic planning for improved assessment of anticipated effects resulting from the adoption of specific accounting standards.Originality/valueThe research fills a gap in existing knowledge by introducing elements not previously examined; additionally, it expands previous knowledge from other sectors to hospitality and tourism, while verifying or rejecting past findings.
From loyalty to resignation: Patient–doctor figurations in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ardissone Alberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper contributes to the debate on the patient–doctor relationship by focussing on a specific chronic disease: type 1 diabetes. This field is characterised by an increasing use of technology, specifically therapeutic devices and a significant requirement of patient self‐management. This paper presents the main findings of research conducted in Italy in 2018. It is argued that this relationship is more properly described as an interdependent figuration of actors characterised by a dynamic process of power balances, which recalls Elias' (What is sociology? Columbia University Press, 1978) figurational‐processual and relational sociology. In this theoretical context, patients may manage their (dis)satisfaction with their diabetologists by choosing different behaviours that stem from Hirschman's archetype (Exit, voice, and loyalty. Responses to decline firms, organizations, and states. Harvard University Press, 1970): voice, exit, loyalty and, we would add, resignation. These categories are fluid, and all of them can be experienced by patients over time, depending on the quality of the figurations built among these transactors.
Urinary C‐peptide/creatinine ratio: A useful biomarker of insulin resistance and refined classification of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Yanai , Zou Xiantong , Cai Xiaoling , Liu Wei , Chen Ling , Zhang Rui , Zhou Lingli , Gong Siqian , Gao Ying , Li Simin , Luo Yingying , Han Xueyao , Ji Linong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe urinary C‐peptide/creatinine ratio (UCPCR) is low in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, but it has not been well characterized in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to measure the UCPCRs in patients with T2DM and explore the relationships among UCPCR, insulin resistance (IR), and chronic vascular complications of diabetes.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed of 1299 Chinese hospitalized patients with T2DM. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationships between the chronic vascular complications of diabetes and UCPCR. K‐means analysis was used to allocate participants to subgroups with five to six variables (age at diagnosis, body mass index [BMI], glycosylated hemoglobin, homoeostasis model assessment 2‐estimated beta‐cell function (HOMA2‐B), and HOMA2‐insulin resistance (HOMA2‐IR), with or without UCPCR).ResultsUCPCR positively correlated with HOMA2‐IR (r = 0.448, P < .001). After adjustment for sex, age, duration of diabetes, and other cardiovascular risk factors, UCPCR was positively associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.198, 95% CI 1.019‐1.408, P = .029) and coronary heart disease (CHD) (OR = 1.312, 95% CI 1.079‐1.594, P = .006). When UCPCR was added, cluster analysis using the six variables identified five subgroups of T2DM, characterized by differing age at diagnosis, BMI, beta‐cell function, IR, and prevalence of vascular complications.ConclusionsUCPCR is positively associated with IR, DKD, and CHD and represents a promising biomarker that could refine the classification of T2DM.
Activity levels of inpatients admitted to two rehabilitation units in regional hospitals: An observational study
Authors: Garner Jon , Smith Moira 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to measure the activity levels of patients admitted to adult general inpatient rehabilitation units in regional areas. These included physical, social, cognitive and self‐care activities. A secondary aim was to explore differences in activity levels across different diagnostic groups.DesignAn observational study using behavioural mapping. Patient activity was mapped every 15 minutes, over a 12‐hour period (07:00‐19:00), on two, non‐consecutive days.Setting2 inpatient rehabilitation units, inner regional NSW.ParticipantsAll patients were admitted for rehabilitation in an adult general rehabilitation unit. Patients presented with diverse diagnoses (eg neurological, musculoskeletal, orthopaedic, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases). The sample had a mean age of 74.4 years with a range of 33‐96 years.Main outcome measuresThe percentage of the day spent in physical, cognitive or social activities was recorded. In addition, the patients’ location and interacting personnel were recorded.ResultsFifty‐six participants across 8 diagnosis groups were observed. A total of 2285 observations were made. Patients were observed being active physically for 10% of their day, socially active for 23%, and cognitively for 6%. Patients engaged in other activities such as watching TV or eating 21% of their time, and completing self‐care activities 7% of their time. Patients were inactive for 27% of their day. There was no statistically significant difference between the diagnostic groups and activity categories.ConclusionPatients spent a large proportion of their time inactive and alone in rehabilitation. In order to maximise outcome, rehabilitation units can look at new opportunities to maximise activity and promote engagement.
Drivers of general practice–type presentations to the emergency department in a remote outback community
Authors: Fatima Yaqoot , Hays Richard , Knight Sabina , Neilson Anne , Fleming Rhonda , Panaretto Kathryn , Jatrana Santosh , Skinner Isabelle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the number of general practice‐appropriate attendances in a remote emergency department and explore the reasons for patients’ choice of service.DesignA four‐step case study approach was adopted, focusing on hospital emergency department (ED) attendances that were potentially manageable in general practice.SettingA large, remote community with substantial populations of Indigenous peoples and fly‐in, fly‐out mining industry workers. The ED is experiencing rapid growth in demand for services for lower urgency.ParticipantsPatients attending the emergency department with lower urgency problems.InterventionsED attendance data for 2016 were reviewed to identify lower urgency presentations. Patient records for 400 randomly selected presentations were subject to deeper analysis. A prospective survey was conducted over 6 months of 369 ED patients with lower urgency presentations.Main outcome measuresThe proportion of patients attending the ED with GP‐appropriate problems and influences on their decisions to attend the ED.ResultsAbout 48% of all attendances met the agreed definition of GP‐appropriate problems. About half of presentations were during the normal work hours and about half of patients stated that GP services were unavailable. Younger age, lack of information about local GP services, and perceptions of convenience contributed significantly to seeking ED care.ConclusionIncreasing the availability of GP services alone is unlikely to be sufficient to change service utilisation. Strategies should include raising community awareness of how and when to utilise the appropriate service, understanding different models of care, and the need to register with a general practice.
Association of lifestyle factors with a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Greek children aged 10–16 years
Authors: Kostopoulou Eirini , Tsekoura Efstathia , Fouzas Sotirios , Gkentzi Despoina , Jelastopulu Eleni , Varvarigou Anastasia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity in students of primary and secondary education, and the association with lifestyle parameters.MethodsA total of 3504 students, aged 10–16 years old, from Western Greece participated in this cross‐sectional epidemiological study (participation rate: 90%). Demographic, socioeconomic, dietary, physical activity and screen time data were obtained using a questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were also obtained. Overweight and obesity were estimated using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria and central obesity using the WHtR ≥0.5 and IDF criteria.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity was 19.2% and 12.1% with CDC criteria, respectively, and 20.9% and 7.2%, with IOTF criteria respectively. Central obesity was 31.1 and 32.8% using the Waist‐to‐Height ratio (WHtR) ≥0.5 and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria respectively. Male gender, small number of meals, breakfast skipping, frequent consumption of school food and sweets and the presence of a computer in children's rooms, were identified as the strongest lifestyle factors affecting weight.ConclusionOverweight, obesity and central obesity rates remain high among children and adolescents in Greece. The identification of risk factors associated with the manifestation of obesity and central obesity, may contribute to the implementation of targeted prevention and treatment interventions.
Status: nosocomial transmission and prevention of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a Danish context
Authors: Calum Henrik Pierre , Sode Louise Palasin , Pedersen Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe unexpected pandemic with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has challenged the healthcare sector as regards preventing and controlling the virus from spreading between patients and hospital personnel. The massive spread of the pandemic has led state authorities to introduce restrictions on society and public behavior unprecedented in modern times. First, we describe the Danish effort regarding standard precautions, personal protective equipment, and disinfection in the healthcare setting with Denmark as an example. As regards, the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐related hospital submissions, deaths, and infected healthcare workers in Denmark is not the hardest hit country compared with others. This cannot be explained by the hardness of the restrictions alone. Several aspects concerning the person‐to‐person spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 are not fully understood and require more experimental studies. The dogma is that virus transmission happens through either respiratory droplets or contact routes. However, it is likely not the whole truth, as we describe scenarios where droplets and/or direct contact cannot alone explain how all patients were infected. Aspects of the physiology of airborne transmission are considered, as several parameters are in play beyond particle size and respiratory rate. These are ozone concentration, ambient temperature, and humidity. In a hospital environment, these factors are not necessarily all controllable, making infection prevention and control a challenge.
The development of inhibitors of leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) as a therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease: the current state of play
Authors: Azeggagh Sonia , Berwick Daniel C. 
Published: May 2021

Current therapeutic approaches for Parkinson's disease (PD) are based around treatments that alleviate symptoms but do not slow or prevent disease progression. As such, alternative strategies are needed. A promising approach is the use of molecules that reduce the function of leucine‐rich repeat kinase (LRRK2). Gain‐of‐function mutations in LRRK2 account for a notable proportion of familial Parkinson's disease cases, and significantly, elevated LRRK2 kinase activity is reported in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Here, we describe progress in finding therapeutically effective LRRK2 inhibitors, summarising studies that range from in vitro experiments to clinical trials. LRRK2 is a complex protein with two enzymatic activities and a myriad of functions. This creates opportunities for a rich variety of strategies and also increases the risk of unintended consequences. We comment on the strength and limitations of the different approaches and conclude that with two molecules under clinical trial and a diversity of alternative options in the pipeline, there is cause for optimism.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Building Bridges in Neuropharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.8/issuetoc
Dynamics in oral health‐related factors of Indigenous Australian children: A network analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Soares Gustavo Hermes , Ribeiro Santiago Pedro Henrique , Biazevic Maria Gabriela Haye , Michel‐Crosato Edgard , Jamieson Lisa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesNetwork analysis is an innovative, analytic approach that enables visual representation of variables as nodes and their corresponding statistical associations as edges. It also provides a new way of framing oral health‐related questions as complex systems of variables. We aimed to generate networks of oral health variables using epidemiological data of Indigenous children, and to compare network structures of oral health variables among participants who received immediate or delayed delivery of an oral health intervention.MethodsEpidemiological data from 448 mother‐child dyads enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of dental caries prevention in South Australia, Australia, were obtained. Networks were estimated with nodes representing study variables and edges representing partial correlation coefficients between variables. Data included dental caries, impact on quality of life, self‐rated general health, self‐rated oral health, dental service utilization, knowledge of oral health, fatalism and self‐efficacy in three time points. Communities of nodes, centrality, clustering coefficient and network stability were estimated.ResultsThe oral health intervention interacted with the network through self‐rated general health and knowledge of oral health. Networks depicting groups shortly after receiving the intervention presented higher clustering coefficients and a similar arrangement of nodes. Networks tended to return to a preintervention state.ConclusionThe intervention resulted in increased connectivity and changes in the structure of communities of variables in both intervention groups. Our findings contribute to elucidating dynamics between variables depicting oral health networks over time.
Poor response at restaging MRI and high incomplete resection rates of locally advanced mucinous rectal cancer after chemoradiation therapy
Authors: Koëter Tijmen , Stijns Rutger C. H. , van Koeverden Sebastiaan , Hugen Niek , van der Heijden Joost Albertus Gerardus , Nederend Joost , van Zwam Peter H. , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Verheij Marcel , Rutten Harm J. T. , de Wilt Johannes H. W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimMucinous carcinoma is a histological subtype of rectal cancer and has been associated with a poor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The primary aim of this study was to analyse the response on MRI of mucinous locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) after CRT compared to regular adenocarcinoma.MethodPatients with LARC (defined as cT4 and/or cN2), who underwent CRT followed by restaging MRI and surgery in two tertiary referral hospitals were retrospectively included in the study. Pre‐ and post‐treatment MRI was reviewed by an experienced abdominal radiologist.ResultsA total of 102 patients, of whom 29 were diagnosed with mucinous carcinoma, were included for analysis. At restaging MRI, adenocarcinoma patients demonstrated significantly less clinical involvement of the mesorectal fascia (37% vs. 62%, P = 0.003) while this was not demonstrated in mucinous carcinoma patients (86% vs. 97%, P = 0.16). Significant downstaging after CRT in adenocarcinoma patients (P = 0.01) was seen while, in mucinous carcinoma patients, no downstaging after CRT (P = 0.89) was seen. Pathology revealed significantly higher rates of an involved circumferential resection margin in mucinous carcinoma versus adenocarcinoma patients (27.6% vs. 1.4%; P < 0.001). After multivariate regression analysis, mucinous carcinoma remained an independent prognostic factor for local recurrence (hazard ratio 3.6; 95% CI 1.1–12.4), although no differences in overall or disease‐free survival were observed.ConclusionMucinous rectal carcinoma is associated with a poor clinical response at restaging MRI after CRT, leading to relatively higher rates of involved circumferential resection margins at pathology. In this cohort, mucinous carcinoma seems to be a prognostic factor for increased risk of local recurrence, without an effect on overall survival.
Novel principal component analysis‐based feature selection mechanism for classroom sound classification
Authors: Tsalera Eleni , Papadakis Andreas , Samarakou Maria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMachine learning algorithms for sound classification can be supported by multiple temporal, spectral, and perceptual features extracted from the sound signal. The number of features affects the classification accuracy but also the computational resources requested, so the number of features has to be carefully selected. In this work, we propose a methodology for feature selection based on the principal component analysis. The case study has been the classification of classroom sounds during face‐to‐face module delivery and six sound types have been defined. The proposed method is applied upon a set of 143 sound features to produce feature ranking. The ranking results are compared with those provided by the Relief‐F. Then the selected features are used by five classification algorithms, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Quadratic Support Vector Machine (QSVM), k Nearest Neighbors, Boosted Trees, and Random Forest. The algorithms are executed with increasing number of features, from 1 to 143, considering both feature rankings, creating 1430 models. The performance of the classification algorithms increases rapidly with the number of features with LDA, QSVM, and Boosted Trees outperforming other methods and surpassing the accuracy ratio of 90% with 25 features.
Role of CXCR4 in the progression and therapy of acute leukaemia
Authors: Su Long , Hu Zheng , Yang Yong‐Guang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCXCR4 is expressed on leukaemia cells and haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and its ligand stromal‐derived factor 1 (SDF‐1) is produced abundantly by stromal cells in the bone marrow (BM). The SDF‐1/CXCR4 axis plays important roles in homing to and retention in the protective BM microenvironment of malignant leukaemia cells and normal HSCs. CXCR4 expression is regulated by multiple mechanisms and the level of CXCR4 expression on leukaemia cells has prognostic indications in patients with acute leukaemia. CXCR4 antagonists can mobilize leukaemia cells from BM to circulation, which render them effectively eradicated by chemotherapeutic agents, small molecular inhibitors or hypomethylating agents. Therefore, such combinational therapies have been tested in clinical trials. However, new evidence emerged that drug‐resistant leukaemia cells were not affected by CXCR4 antagonists, and the migration of certain leukaemia cells to the leukaemia niche was independent of SDF‐1/CXCR4 axis. In this review, we summarize the role of CXCR4 in progression and treatment of acute leukaemia, with a focus on the potential of CXCR4 as a therapeutic target for acute leukaemia. We also discuss the potential value of using CXCR4 antagonists as chemosensitizer for conditioning regimens and immunosensitizer for graft‐vs‐leukaemia effects of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
A risk score for pericarditis recurrence
Authors: Lazarou Emilia , Lazaros George , Antonopoulos Alexios S. , Imazio Massimo , Vasileiou Panagiotis , Karavidas Apostolos , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Vassilopoulos Dimitrios , Tsioufis Costas , Tousoulis Dimitris , Vlachopoulos Charalambos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, we remain uncertain about which patients are at increased risk for recurrent pericarditis. We developed a risk score for pericarditis recurrence in patients with acute pericarditis.Materials and methodsWe prospectively recruited 262 patients with a first episode of acute pericarditis. Baseline patients’ demographics, clinical, imaging and laboratory data were collected. Patients were followed up for a median of 51 months (interquartile range 21‐71) for recurrence. Variables with <10% missingness were entered into multivariable logistic regression models with stepwise elimination to explore independent predictors of recurrence. The final model performance was assessed by the c‐index whereas model's calibration and optimism‐corrected c‐index were evaluated after 10‐fold cross‐validation.ResultsWe identified six independent predictors for pericarditis recurrence, that is age, effusion size, platelet count (negative predictors) and reduced inferior vena cava collapse, in‐hospital use of corticosteroids and heart rate (positive predictors). The final model had good performance for recurrence, c‐index 0.783 (95% CI 0.725‐0.842), while the optimism‐corrected c‐index after cross‐validation was 0.752. Based on these variables, we developed a risk score point system for recurrence (0‐22 points) with equally good performance (c‐index 0.740, 95% CI 0.677‐0.803). Patients with a low score (0‐7 points) had 21.3% risk for recurrence, while those with high score (≥12 points) had a 69.8% risk for recurrence. The score was predictive of recurrence among most patient subgroups.ConclusionsA simple risk score point system based on 6 variables can be used to predict the individualized risk for pericarditis recurrence among patients with a first episode of acute pericarditis.