bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P620 Pivoting in a pandemic: The impact of COVID-19 on the provision of care for patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease – A retrospective study
Authors: Malhi G , Chambers J , Minhas G , Mikail M , Khanna R , Wilson A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, also known as COVID-19, initially began in a small cluster of patients in Wuhan, China and was declared a worldwide pandemic in March of 2020. Since the onset of the pandemic, the focus of many healthcare systems has shifted toward limiting non-essential visits to the hospital in order to prioritize and allocate resources toward treating those affected by COVID-19. While the effect of COVID-19 has been felt amongst many patient populations, those with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) have been particularly impacted. We aimed to determine how changes to the provision of IBD care due to the COVID-19 pandemic has affected IBD patients.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was carried out in patients with an IBD diagnosis comparing patients admitted to two tertiary care centres affiliated with Western University in London, Canada between March 17 and August 31 2019 (2019 cohort or pre-pandemic), to patients admitted between March 17 and August 31 2020 (2020 cohort or pandemic). Patients were reviewed to assess any differences in care utilization and IBD-related outcomes such as hospitalization, need for surgery, length of stay in hospital and in-patient drug therapy during the defined time periods.

Results
A total of 863 patients were reviewed in 2019, and 554 in 2020. Of those, 184 (CD, n= 125; UC, n= 59) and 172 (CD, n= 109; UC, n= 62) encounters met the inclusion criteria for 2019 and 2020 respectively. Patient demographics were similar between 2019 and 2020 cohort with the exception of age (2019, mean age = 44.76 years ± 16.78; 2020, mean age=50.36 years ± 17.82, p=0.002). The length of stay in hospital was shorter in 2020 (6.88 days vs 9.63, p=0.045). Significantly fewer patients were initiated on Infliximab in hospital in 2020 (2020, 3.50 per month; 2019, 6.83 per month, p=0.001). Fewer in-patient surgeries were performed in 2020 (2019, 76; 2020, 57; p=0.112).

Conclusion
Preliminary data demonstrate during the COVID-19 pandemic there was a significant reduction in the length of stay for patients with IBD as well as fewer patients initiated on infliximab while in hospital. There was also a decrease in the number of surgeries performed in 2020. These differences may reflect an effort to minimize contact between patients and health care facilities as well as reduce the introduction of further immunosuppression. Further research will be to determine whether if more ER visits became hospitalizations and any delays in appointment times or endoscopies, or compliance issues with medications may have led to these aforementioned outcomes.
P632 Is the gender or age of the physician key to a good physician-patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease relationship?
Authors: García Mateo S , Martínez-Domínguez S J , Gargallo-Puyuelo C J , Gomollón García F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The importance of good patient-physician relationship in chronic diseases, including Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), is well stablished. Empathy has become one of the most important researches items in terms of patient-physician relationship because it is positive influence on the quality of care.
The aim of the study was to assess the level of IBD specialist physician′s empathy as perceived by their patients and if it varies according to the age and gender of the patient and the physician.

Methods
This is a national cross-sectional study. Recruitment was conducted between July and November of 2020 by sending a voluntary online survey to IBD patients who take part of Spanish association of patients with IBD (ACCU España). The survey included CARE (Consultation and Relational Empathy) scale (maximum score 50 points and minimum 10 points).

Results
Five hundred sixty one responses to the survey were received. After applying exclusion criteria, 536 patients were included in the analysis. Total median score of CARE scale was 44.50 (IQR 31.25–50.00), that reflects a very good punctuation. Most of the patients (531 (99.1%)) considered the contents of the questionnaire to be an important issue. Analyzing CARE scale scores of cases in which the sex of patient and physician were the same compared who did not, no statistically significant differences were found. No differences were found either, comparing punctuation of CARE scale based on patient-physician age ranges as is shown in Table 1.
n (%): Absolute frequency (percentage). *Median (IQR). **Univariate analysis performed with U Mann-Whitney test or Kruskal-Wallis

Conclusion
Spanish IBD patients have a great IBD specialist empathy perception, which is the key to a good patient-physician relationship, and this fact is not influenced by age or gender of patients or physicians.
P688 Association of Akkermansia muciniphila with a healthy gut microbiome
Authors: Ellul S , Rausch P , PIsani A , Bang C , Ellul P , Franke A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Comprehensive knowledge of the types and ratios of microbes present in the healthy gastrointestinal human gut is required before any study is attempted to alter the microbiome to treat one condition. Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-degrading bacterium, belonging to the phylum Verrucomicrobia, has been inversely associated with inflammation and diabetes whilst it has been internationally proposed as one of the contributors for maintaining a healthy gut and glucose homeostasis. Studies noted that higher amounts of this microorganism in the gut microbiota was linked to a metabolically healthier lifestyle; therefore, linking an interaction between the gut bacterial richness and abundance of A. muciniphila. This organism was noted to improve the gut barrier using its outer membrane protein Amuc 1100, which seems to interact with Toll-like receptor 2, whilst potentially adhering to intestinal epithelial cells, leading its role in balancing the human immunological homeostasis whilst strengthening the monolayer integrity of the wall.
The aim of this study was to assess if there is any difference in the presence of Akkermansia muciniphila between IBD patients and controls.

Methods
Faecal microbiota from newly diagnosed treatment naïve IBD patients and controls were analysed via the bacterial 16s rRNA gene sequencing on illumine MiSeq.

Results
100 patients with IBD and 97 controls were recruited. Forty-one different ASVs were identified from our cohort, all of which being differentially abundant between the different health conditions present. From these, 20 ASVs such as ASV-14 G-Alistipes uncl., and ASV 20-Akkermansia muciniphila, were found to be more abundant in healthy individuals than in IBD patients. There was no dietary association.

Conclusion
In this study Akkermansia muciniphila was significantly found in higher amount in the healthy control population than in the IBD cohort. The potential role of repopulating the gut bacteria with Akkermansia muciniphila needs to be investigated as to reduce the burden of disease, medications prescribed and the clinical outcome.
Age-replacement policy for items described by stochastic degradation with dependent increments
Authors: Cha Ji Hwan , Finkelstein Maxim , Levitin Gregory 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe consider a hybrid preventive maintenance policy. As in the classic model of age-replacement, a system is replaced either on failure or on reaching a predetermined age T. Additionally, it can be replaced on reaching a predetermined level of deterioration at some intermediate time in [0,T). We use a transformed gamma process with dependent increments to model the deterioration. A failure of an item occurs when this process reaches a predetermined deterministic level. We show that the proposed policy outperforms the classical one, that is, it achieves a lower value of the long-run cost rate. A detailed numerical illustration is presented and sensitivity analysis for the main parameters of the model is performed. The work in the paper makes an important contribution to maintenance modelling because dependent increments can better represent deterioration of a real system.
Haemosporidian prevalence and community composition vary little across a chickadee hybrid zone
Authors: Rice Ari A , Curry Robert L , Weckstein Jason D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Within animal hybrid zones, parasites may determine competitive outcomes between host species and thus affect hybridization dynamics. We addressed this hypothesis by evaluating haemosporidian prevalence and community composition in a rapidly moving hybrid zone between Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina Chickadees (P. carolinensis). Using molecular methods, we screened for haemosporidians in multiple chickadee populations across the hybrid zone and investigated whether parasite prevalence varied as a function of admixture among these birds. We identified 36 parasite lineages from 3 haemosporidian genera (Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon) but found no genera or lineages more likely to infect any particular chickadee taxon. Instead, haemosporidian prevalence varied across sites and seasons: Leucocytozoon was more prevalent during chickadees’ breeding season, whereas Haemoproteus prevalence peaked during nonbreeding periods. Leucocytozoon infected proportionally fewer birds at the leading edge of the hybrid zone than near its center. However, haemosporidian communities were similar among chickadee populations, and evidence for parasite exchanges between chickadee taxa was lacking. These results underscore the complexity of bird–parasite relationships and suggest that haemosporidians are unlikely to play a major role in the ongoing movement of this hybrid zone.
Medical neglect in Ontario: Implications for health care provision
Authors: Allan Kate , Joh-Carnella Nicolette , Fallon Barbara , Vandermorris Ashley , Houston Emmaline 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study explores child welfare investigations for medical neglect in Ontario, Canada, focusing on household, family and child characteristics of such investigations and factors associated with substantiated victimization.

Methods
This analysis used data from the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect 2018. Bivariate analyses compared medical neglect with other neglect investigations to create a profile of medical neglect investigations in Ontario, and a binary logistic regression determined which case characteristics were associated with substantiation of medical neglect.

Results
Compared with other neglect investigations, medical neglect investigations were more likely to involve children less than 1 year old and caregivers under 21 years old, households that had run out of money in the past 6 months for basic necessities, primary caregivers with few social supports, mental health issues or drug/solvent abuse concerns, and children with at least one functioning concern. Medical neglect investigations in which the primary caregiver had few social supports were almost four times more likely to be substantiated (OR=3.698, P&lt;0.05).

Conclusions
While the public’s perception of medical neglect tends to focus on parental refusal of treatment due to philosophical/religious beliefs, this Ontario sample indicates that medical neglect is often driven by financial constraints and a lack of social support. Implications for health care providers within a universal health care system are discussed.
Expression Patterns and Functional Characterization of Arabidopsis Galactose Oxidase-Like Genes Suggest Specialized Roles for Galactose Oxidases in Plants
Authors: Šola Krešimir , Dean Gillian H , Li Yi , Lohmann Julia , Movahedan Mahsa , Gilchrist Erin J , Adams Keith L , Haughn George W 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Galactose oxidases (GalOxs) are well-known enzymes that have been identified in several fungal species and characterized using structural and enzymatic approaches. However, until very recently, almost no information on their biological functions was available. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gene ruby particles in mucilage (RUBY) encodes a putative plant GalOx that is required for pectin cross-linking through modification of galactose (Gal) side chains and promotes cell–cell adhesion between seed coat epidermal cells. RUBY is one member of a family of seven putative GalOxs encoded in the Arabidopsis genome. To examine the function(s) of GalOxs in plants, we studied the remaining six galactose oxidase-like (GOXL) proteins. Like RUBY, four of these proteins (GOXL1, GOXL3, GOXL5 and GOXL6) were found to localize primarily to the apoplast, while GOXL2 and GOXL4 were found primarily in the cytoplasm. Complementation and GalOx assay data suggested that GOXL1, GOXL3 and possibly GOXL6 have similar biochemical activity to RUBY, whereas GOXL5 only weakly complemented and GOXL2 and GOXL4 showed no activity. Members of this protein family separated into four distinct clades prior to the divergence of the angiosperms. There have been recent duplications in Brassicaceae resulting in two closely related pairs of genes that have either retained similarity in expression (GOXL1 and GOXL6) or show expression divergence (GOXL3 and RUBY). Mutant phenotypes were not detected when these genes were disrupted, but their expression patterns suggest that these proteins may function in tissues that require mechanical reinforcements in the absence of lignification.
Apparent total tract nutrient digestibility and metabolizable energy estimation in commercial fresh and extruded dry kibble dog foods
Authors: Tanprasertsuk Jirayu , Perry LeeAnn M , Tate Devon E , Honaker Ryan W , Shmalberg Justin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Commercial fresh cooked foods have started gaining popularity among American dog owners in recent years. However, nutrient digestibility and the estimation of metabolizable energy (ME) of commercial fresh dog foods remain inadequately understood, even though both measures are critical to provide the intended calories for the target animal. In this preliminary study, different cohorts of normal-weight dogs were fed one of five test diets of comparable macronutrient composition: a chicken-based extruded dry kibble diet (n = 12), and chicken- (n = 12), beef- (n = 6), pork- (n = 6), or turkey-based fresh food (n = 6) for 10 d. Daily food intake and fecal characteristics were recorded, and fecal samples were collected for nutrient analysis. Despite comparable dry matter (DM) and caloric intakes between the two chicken-based diets, the fresh diet led to lower defecation frequency (1.2 ± 0.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.5 times/d, adjusted P &lt; 0.001), lower fecal DM (24 ± 8 vs. 47 ± 10 g/d, adjusted P &lt; 0.001), and lower fecal calories (92 ± 31 vs. 189 ± 43 kcal/d, adjusted P &lt; 0.001) than the kibble diet. The apparent total tract digestibility of DM, protein, fat, nitrogen-free extract, and calories of the kibble diet were all significantly lower than any of the fresh diets (adjusted P &lt; 0.001 for all). Measured ME per food DM in all of the fresh diets, except the pork-based recipe, was significantly higher than that of the kibble diet (adjusted P &lt; 0.001 for all). For the kibble diet, the modified Atwater calculation underestimated the ME and the NRC 2006 calculation was the most accurate predictor of ME. The standard Atwater calculation performed best for the two fresh diets that had the highest fat content (chicken, beef) and the NRC 2006 calculation performed best for the fresh diet that had the highest protein content (pork). ME of the turkey-based diet was equally overestimated and underestimated with the standard Atwater and NRC 2006 methods, respectively. We propose that commercial and home-prepared fresh diets should be assessed using standard Atwater factors as commonly done in human nutrition, or preferably for commercial products, by direct measurement in conforming feeding trials.
Brain Plasticity Reflects Specialized Cognitive Development Induced by Musical Training
Authors: Choi Uk-Su , Sung Yul-Wan , Ogawa Seiji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLearning a musical instrument requires a long period of training and might induce structural and functional changes in the brain. Previous studies have shown brain plasticity resulting from training with a musical instrument. However, these studies did not distinguish the effects on brain plasticity of specific musical instruments as they examined the brain of musicians who had learned a single musical instrument/genre and did not control for confounding factors, such as common or interactive effects involved in music training. To address this research gap, the present work investigated musicians who had experience with both a piano and a wind instrument, for example, flute, trumpet, clarinet etc. By examining the difference between the 2 musical instruments in the same subject, we avoided the effects common to all musical instruments and the confounding factors. Therefore, we identified several high-tier brain areas displaying a brain plasticity specific to each musical instrument. Our findings show that learning a musical instrument might result in the development of high cognitive functions reflecting the skills/abilities unique to the instrument played.
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas
Authors: Yen Kevin , Lodish Maya 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
Great progress has been made in understanding the genetic and molecular basis of pheochromocytoma and paragangliomas (PPGLs). This review highlights the new standards in the diagnosis and management of pediatric PPGLs.

Recent findings
The vast majority of pediatric PPGLs have an associated germline mutation, making genetic studies imperative in the work up of these tumors. Somatostatin receptor-based imaging modalities such as 68Ga-DOTATATE and 64Cu-DOTATATE are shown to have the greatest sensitivity in pediatric PPGLs. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapies (PRRTs) such as 177Lu-DOTATATE are shown to have efficacy for treating PPGLs.

Summary
Genetics play an important role in pediatric PPGLs. Advances in somatostatin receptor-based technology have led to use of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 64Cu-DOTATATE as preferred imaging modalities. While surgery remains the mainstay for management of PPGLs, PRRT is emerging as a treatment option for PPGLs
Cross-cultural Validation of the Full Range Test of Visual Motor Integration Used with Children in Four Arab Countries
Authors: Emam Mahmoud Mohamed , Al-Attiyah Asma A. , Alhuwilah Amthal , Awed Huda Shaaban , Omara Ehab 
Published: May 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Arab countries have a shortage of culturally sensitive psychoeducational assessments. Tests of visual-motor integration are low in their linguistic demands, yet they are not culture-free.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties and the validation of the Full Range Test of Visual Motor Integration (FRTVMI) across four Arabic speaking countries, namely, Sultanate of Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (n = 2318).

METHODS
The FRTVMI was administered to 2318 children from four Gulf countries. Criterion measures included the Reading Observation Scale and the achievement scores in reading. All raw data obtained for the FRTVMI were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences and R package (version 3.5.1, 2018). Construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and interrater reliability of FRTVMI were also examined.

RESULTS
The means for Cronbach α, intraclass correlation, and test-retest reliability across the four countries were 0.87, 0.87, and 0.90, respectively. Spearman ρ correlation between FRTVMI scores and Reading Observation Scale scores ranged between 0.16 and 0.51 across the four countries and were 0.57, 0.43, and 0.45 for male and female participants and the entire sample, respectively. The Spearman ρ correlations between FRTVMI scores and reading achievement scores ranged between 0.15 and 0.20 across the four countries and were 0.27, 0.29, and 0.26 for male and female participants and the entire sample, respectively. The modified model indices showed that the FRTVMI was adequate for use in the four countries and for both male and female participants. The reliability estimates for the test were high, whereas the concurrent validity estimates were moderate.

CONCLUSIONS
The unidimensionality of the test should be taken with caution, as we found some indication for the multidimensionality of the test factor structure. Implications for cross-cultural assessment are discussed.
Analysis of Data Use Registers published by health data custodians in the UK
Authors: Karrar Nada , Khan Shahriar Kabir , Manohar Sinduja , Quattroni Paola , Seymour David , Varma Susheel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTransparency of how health and social care data is used by researchers is crucial to building public trust. We define “data use registers” as a public record of data an organisation has shared with other individuals or organisations for the purpose of research, innovation and service evaluation, and are used by some data custodians across the United Kingdom to increase transparency of data use. They typically contain information about the type of data being shared, the purpose, date of approval and name of organisation or individual using (or receiving) the data. However, information published lacks standardisation across organisations. Registers do not yet have a consistent approach and are often incomplete, updated infrequently and not accessible to the public. In this paper, we present an empirical analysis of existing data use registers in the UK and investigate accessibility, content, format and frequency of updates across health data organisations. This analysis will inform future recommendations for a data use register standard that will be published by the UK Health Data Research Alliance.
Identifying dysregulated immune cell subsets following critical volumetric muscle loss with pseudo-time trajectories
Authors: Hymel Lauren A. , Anderson Shannon E. , Turner Thomas C. , York William Y. , Lim Hong Seo , Qiu Peng , Jang Young C. , Willett Nick J. , Botchwey Edward A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVolumetric muscle loss (VML) results in permanent functional deficits and remains a substantial regenerative medicine challenge. A coordinated immune response is crucial for timely myofiber regeneration, however the immune response following VML has yet to be fully characterized. Here, we leveraged dimensionality reduction and pseudo-time analysis techniques to elucidate the cellular players underlying a functional or pathological outcome as a result of subcritical or critical VML in the murine quadriceps, respectively. We found that critical VML presented with a sustained presence of M2-like and CD206hiLy6Chi ‘hybrid’ macrophages whereas subcritical defects resolved these populations. These macrophage subsets may contribute to fibrogenesis in critical VML, especially in the presence of TGF-β. Furthermore, several T cell populations were significantly elevated in critical VML compared to subcritical injuries. Specifically, there was a significant increase of CD127+ T cells at days 3 and 7, and upregulated CD127 expression may indicate aberrant IL-7 signaling in critical VML. These results demonstrate a dysregulated immune response in critical VML that is unable to resolve the chronic inflammatory state and transition to a pro-regenerative microenvironment. These data provide important insights into potential therapeutic strategies which could reduce the immune cell burden and pro-fibrotic signaling characteristic of VML.