bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meta‐analysis of responses of C3 plants to atmospheric CO2: dose–response curves for 85 traits ranging from the molecular to the whole‐plant level
Authors: Poorter Hendrik , Knopf Oliver , Wright Ian J. , Temme Andries A. , Hogewoning Sander W. , Graf Alexander , Cernusak Lucas A. , Pons Thijs L. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryGeneralised dose–response curves are essential to understand how plants acclimate to atmospheric CO2. We carried out a meta‐analysis of 630 experiments in which C3 plants were experimentally grown at different [CO2] under relatively benign conditions, and derived dose–response curves for 85 phenotypic traits. These curves were characterised by form, plasticity, consistency and reliability. Considered over a range of 200–1200 µmol mol−1 CO2, some traits more than doubled (e.g. area‐based photosynthesis; intrinsic water‐use efficiency), whereas others more than halved (area‐based transpiration). At current atmospheric [CO2], 64% of the total stimulation in biomass over the 200–1200 µmol mol−1 range has already been realised. We also mapped the trait responses of plants to [CO2] against those we have quantified before for light intensity. For most traits, CO2 and light responses were of similar direction. However, some traits (such as reproductive effort) only responded to light, others (such as plant height) only to [CO2], and some traits (such as area‐based transpiration) responded in opposite directions. This synthesis provides a comprehensive picture of plant responses to [CO2] at different integration levels and offers the quantitative dose–response curves that can be used to improve global change simulation models.
Phenotypic plasticity guidesMoricandia arvensisdivergence and convergence across the Brassicaceae floral morphospace
Authors: Gómez José M. , González‐Megías Adela , Narbona Eduardo , Navarro Luis , Perfectti Francisco , Armas Cristina 
Published: October 2021

SummaryMany flowers exhibit phenotypic plasticity. By inducing the production of several phenotypes, plasticity may favour the rapid exploration of different regions of the floral morphospace. We investigated how plasticity drivesMoricandia arvensis, a species displaying within‐individual floral polyphenism, across the floral morphospace of the entire Brassicaceae family.We compiled the multidimensional floral phenotype, the phylogenetic relationships, and the pollination niche of over 3000 species to construct a family‐wide floral morphospace. We assessed the disparity between the twoM. arvensisfloral morphs (as the distance between the phenotypic spaces occupied by each morph) and compared it with the family‐wide disparity. We measured floral divergence by comparing disparity with the most common ancestor, and estimated the convergence of each floral morph with other species belonging to the same pollination niches.Moricandia arvensisexhibits a plasticity‐mediated floral disparity greater than that found between species, genera and tribes. The novel phenotype ofM. arvensismoves outside the region occupied by its ancestors and relatives, crosses into a new region where it encounters a different pollination niche, and converges with distant Brassicaceae lineages.Our study suggests that phenotypic plasticity favours floral divergence and rapid appearance of convergent flowers, a process which facilitates the evolution of generalist pollination systems.
A Postoperative Phenomenon of Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy: Rebound Pain
Authors: Zhang Chang , Li Ziquan , Yu Keyi , Wang Yipeng 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveAfter percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD), most patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) experience relief from the typical symptoms of low back and leg pain. However, for a small number of patients, these symptoms are relieved immediately after surgery but aggravated soon after, and then relieved after short‐term full rest or conservative treatment. The aim of the study was to demonstrate this short‐term recurrent phenomenon, termed rebound pain.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 144 patients who underwent single‐segment PELD from May 2017 to June 2020. Postoperative patients were divided into a rebound pain group and a non‐rebound pain group. For the former group, general information, symptom characteristics and visual analogue score (VAS) changes in rebound pain were summarized. For both groups, postoperative efficacy was evaluated by recent VAS of low back and leg pain in the remission stage, the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and the modified MacNab criteria at the last follow‐up. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors for rebound pain.ResultsThe VAS and ODI exhibited significant improvements at the last follow‐up of average 15.4 months (P < 0.001). The successful outcomes according to the modified MacNab criteria reached 94.4%. A total of 15 patients (10.4%) experienced rebound pain. The typical feature was pain that usually began within 1 month after surgery and lasted for less than 1 month. The symptoms were mainly leg pain with or without low back pain. The range of pain was equal to or less than that before surgery. The symptoms were relieved after conservative treatment. In logistic regression model, postoperative return‐to‐work time > 45 days was found as a protective factor for rebound pain (p = 0.031).ConclusionAlthough rebound pain with multiple characteristics and a short duration had no significant effect on long‐term postoperative efficacy, its high incidence often caused unnecessary concern in both patients and doctors. As a result, careful differentiation of rebound pain from other postoperative complications is needed.
Subspine Hypertrophy: Higher Incidence of Symptomatic versus Asymptomatic Hips in Patients with Unilateral Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Bai Hui , Li Chun‐bao , Zhao Heng , Yin Qing‐feng 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo compare the difference of anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and subspine hypertrophic deformity between symptomatic and asymptomatic hips in patients traditionally diagnosed with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), and investigate the correlation of subspine decompression with AIIS variation and subspine hypertrophic deformity.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 70 patients with unilateral symptomatic FAI who underwent hip arthroscopy. The operative hips and contralateral hips naturally formed the symptomatic groups and asymptomatic control groups, respectively. The morphometric comparison of the hip joint was performed between the operative and contralateral sides of each patient. Radiological assessment was performed by two observers (an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist and an experienced surgeon). Three‐dimensional (3D)‐CT images of each patient were blindly reviewed to determine the AIIS variation and subspine hypertrophic deformity. Reformatted two‐dimensional (2D)‐CT images and anterior–posterior (AP) pelvic plain radiographs were blindly reviewed to determine FAI‐related morphological measurements. Moreover, the surgical assessment was reviewed by one experienced surgeon to interpret whether subspine decompression was performed. The correlation of subspine decompression with AIIS variation and subspine hypertrophy was analyzed.ResultsOut of 70 patients with unilateral symptomatic FAI, 37 were males (52.9%) and 23 (32.9%) had symptoms involving the left hip. The mean age was 39.3 ± 10.4 years and the mean BMI was 24.3 ± 3.6. The distribution of AIIS variants in symptomatic hips did not differ significantly from that in asymptomatic hips (χ2 = 3.092, P = 0.213). Twenty‐nine hips in the symptomatic group (41.4%) and 12 hips in the asymptomatic group (17.1%) were identified as positive for subspine hypertrophy. The incidence of positive subspine hypertrophy was significantly higher in the symptomatic hips compared to the asymptomatic hips (χ2 = 9.968, P = 0.002). FAI‐related morphological parameters including α angle, lateral center‐edge angle, acetabular anteversion, crossover sign, and Tonnis grade were highly symmetrical and did not show significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic hips. Fifty‐four of 70 hips (77.1%) had labral tears extended to the acetabular rim corresponding to the AIIS. Forty‐seven hips of 70 hips (67.1%) underwent subspine decompression, which was significantly correlated with AIIS variation and subspine hypertrophic deformity (P = 0.019 and 0.001, respectively).ConclusionSubspine hypertrophic deformity was found to be more common in symptomatic side vs asymptomatic side in patients with unilateral symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement. Subspine hypertrophy may be considered as an underlying indication for subspine decompression besides low‐lying AIIS.
Dinosaurian survivorship schedules revisited: new insights from an age‐structured population model
Authors: Griebeler Eva M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLittle is known of dinosaur population biology due to insufficient information on age‐dependent fecundities and mortalities. So far, survivorship curves (SC) of only six dinosaurs (four tyrannosaurs, one ceratopsian, one hadrosaur) have been erected from bone assemblages of aged specimens. They indicate high survival throughout most of their life with presumably higher mortalities after hatching and increasing mortalities towards its end. However, none of these studies recognized that to infer a reliable SC for a taxon, the assemblage must preserve a stationary age distribution (i.e. one which is stable, with constant population size over time as overall fecundities match mortalities, hereafter SAD population). To assess SCs of these dinosaurs, I built a simple population model with age‐dependent fecundities and survival rates. Its three input parameters are maximum longevity, age at sexual maturation and maximum annual offspring number, for which information exists on these dinosaurs. As bone histological studies and scaling relationships provide estimates on these parameters, my model is also applicable to other extinct taxa. Modelling suggests that bone assemblages did not preserve SAD populations. SCs determined for SAD populations of Albertosaurus sarcophagus, Gorgosaurus libratus, Dasplatosaurus torosus and Tyrannosaurus rex indicated that low mortalities followed high mortalities in early life or that mortality rates were rather constant throughout their life. In Psittacosaurus lujiatuensis, modelling suggests low mortalities throughout most of its life that increase towards its end. Due to its simplicity, my model was unable to render composite SCs, specifically the sigmoidal shape previously predicted for Maiasaura peeblesorum.
Thinopyrum intermedium TiAP1 interacts with a chitin deacetylase from Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and increases the resistance to Bgt in wheat
Authors: Yang Yanlin , Fan Pan , Liu Jingxia , Xie Wenjun , Liu Na , Niu Zubiao , Li Quanquan , Song Jing , Tian Qiuju , Bao Yinguang , Wang Honggang , Feng Deshun 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) is a crucial factor causing reduction in global wheat production. Wild wheat relatives, for example Thinopyrum intermedium, is one of the wild‐used parents in wheat disease‐resistant breeding. From T. intermedium line, we identified the aspartic protease gene, TiAP1, which is involved in resistance against Bgt. TiAP1 is a secreted protein that accumulates in large amounts at the infection sites of Bgt and extends to the intercellular space. Yeast two‐hybrid, luciferase complementation imaging and bimolecular florescent complimentary analysis showed that TiAP1 interacted with the chitin deacetylase (BgtCDA1) of Bgt. The yeast expression, purification and in vitro test confirmed the chitin deacetylase activity of BgtCDA1. The bombardment and VIGS‐mediated host‐induced gene silencing showed that BgtCDA1 promotes the invasion of Bgt. Transcriptome analysis showed the cell wall xylan metabolism, lignin biosynthesis‐related and defence genes involved in the signal transduction were up‐regulated in the transgenic TiAP1 wheat induced by Bgt. The TiAP1 in wheat may inactivate the deacetylation function of BgtCDA1, cause chitin oligomers expose to wheat chitin receptor, then trigger the wheat immune response to inhibit the growth and penetration of Bgt, and thereby enhance the resistance of wheat to pathogens.
Psoriasiform dermatitis during dupilumab treatment for moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis in children
Authors: Parker Jennifer J. , Sugarman Jeffrey L. , Silverberg Nanette B. , Gonzalez Mercedes Elena , Ramien Michele L. , Teng Joyce M. C. , Paller Amy S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPsoriasiform eruptions after initiation of dupilumab have been previously described in adults. This report details the risk of developing or unmasking psoriasiform eruptions after initiation of dupilumab in children.MethodsRecords of patients ≤18 years of age with atopic dermatitis who developed psoriasiform dermatitis during treatment with dupilumab were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsSix children, 4–18 years of age, on dupilumab for severe atopic dermatitis developed new‐onset psoriasiform dermatitis at a median duration of 8 months (range, 6‐12 months) after dupilumab initiation. Typical locations of psoriasis were involved (face, scalp, trunk, and extensor extremities). The majority showed clearance or near clearance with the use of medium‐strength to potent topical corticosteroid ointments and 83% continued use of the dupilumab. A 7th patient had psoriasis, in addition to severe atopic dermatitis, and the psoriasis was unmasked by its failure to respond to dupilumab.ConclusionAlthough unusual, psoriasiform lesions can appear during effective treatment with dupilumab for atopic dermatitis, potentially reflecting a shift toward cutaneous IL‐23/TH17 pathway activation with dupilumab‐induced suppression of type 2 immunity.
Reflectance confocal microscopy in pediatric dermatology: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Ko Randy F. , Smidt Aimee C. , Durkin John R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReflectance confocal microscopy is an innovative imaging modality, which noninvasively provides an optical image to aid in the diagnosis of skin lesions. While performing a skin biopsy for histopathologic analysis is the gold standard to definitively diagnose skin disease, this may prove to be more difficult in the pediatric population. This will occasionally necessitate sedation or general anesthesia as an approach, which carries a number of different risks. Reflectance confocal microscopy is an exciting new avenue in the support of diagnosing skin pathology, with the goal of improving pediatric patient tolerance and experience when examining epidermal and superficial dermal skin lesions. This review discusses the utility of reflectance confocal microscopy for pediatric dermatology patients pertaining to melanocytic and non‐melanocytic skin neoplasms and inflammatory and infectious skin diseases in children.
Bioactive substances in the stratum corneum of the epidermis found as indicators of skin damage due to sun exposure
Authors: Fukunaga Atsushi , Fukushima Satoshi , Iwata Hiroaki , Nakahara Makiko , Sasaki Rikako , Baba Naoko , Matsunaka Hiroshi , Murakami Yumi , Furue Masutaka , Nishigori Chikako 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground/PurposeAlthough an inflammatory response upon acute injury caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV) can be observed immediately, the influence of long‐term, repetitive low‐dose UV exposure on the skin cannot be precisely perceived, making early detection of chronic damage difficult. This study investigated bioactive substances in the stratum corneum as a potential early and sensitive indicator of the influence of sun exposure on the skin using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.MethodsReceiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to assess the responsiveness of cytokines [interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra), IL‐10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α], BCL2‐associated protein X (Bax), Toll‐like receptor (TLR)3, and TLR4 in the stratum corneum of healthy people exposed (dorsum of the hand) and unexposed (inner arm) to UV. Sunscreen was applied to patients with photodermatosis for 4 weeks to evaluate changes in IL‐1ra/IL‐1α, TNF‐α, Bax, and TLR3 levels after sunscreen application, as these molecules exhibited high responsiveness to sun exposure according to ROC analysis. In addition, IL‐1ra, IL‐1α, and IL‐10 levels were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and TNF‐α, Bax, TLR3, and TLR4 levels were semi‐quantitatively assessed by immunocytochemistry.ResultsReceiver operating characteristic analysis identified IL‐1ra/IL‐1α, TNF‐α, Bax, and TLR3 in the stratum corneum as highly responsive to sun exposure. Moreover, in participants, including patients with photodermatosis, IL‐1ra/IL‐1α, TNF‐α, and Bax levels decreased significantly after sunscreen application.ConclusionThe results revealed that IL‐1ra/IL‐1α, TNF‐α, and Bax in the stratum corneum represent sensitive indicators of the influence of sun exposure on the skin.
High injury rates and weak injury prevention strategies in football referees at all levels of play
Authors: Szymski Dominik , Opitz Sabine , Pfeifer Christian , Rupp Markus , Angele Peter , Alt Volker , Krutsch Werner , Krutsch Volker 
Published: October 2021

Football referees need other physiological requirements on field than football players and are affected by different types of injury. The absence of referees may result in canceled matches, so special focus should be placed on injury prevention through specific training programs for referees. This study retrospectively analyzed injury occurrence and prevention strategies for German football referees at the different levels of play over one season. Data were collected by means of seasonal injury reports based on the consensus statement of injury definition and data collection. Of the 923 participating referees, 91 (9.9%) played at the professional level, 151 (16.3%) at the semi‐professional, and 681 (73.8%) at the amateur level. 86.2% (n = 796) were men and 13.8% (n = 127) women. Referees at the amateur level showed the highest injury incidence (3.14/1000 h football) compared to referees at the semi‐professional (1.92/1000 h; p < 0.001) and professional level (1.01/1000 h; p < 0.001). Most referees at the amateur (n = 372; 56.4%) and semi‐professional level (n = 46; 31.3%) conducted warm‐up programs of <10 min, whereas the mean warm‐up duration of professional referees was >11 min (n = 75; 82.4%). Although running and stretching exercises were common among referees during warm‐up, preventive exercises focusing on coordination and trunk muscles were less frequent, especially among amateur referees (jumping: 15.9%; strengthening: 9.7%; balance exercises: 7.9%). Injury incidence was highest at lower amateur levels, which thus has specific need for injury prevention. Appropriate training exercises to prevent injuries of referees were weak at all levels of play, especially the lack of strength, plyometric, and balance exercises in training and warm‐up programs.
Factors influencing healthcare seeking in patients with dengue: Systematic review
Authors: Ng Tze Chang , Teo Chin Hai , Toh Jia Yong , Dunn Adam G. , Ng Chirk Jenn , Ang Tan Fong , Abdullah Adina , Syed Ayeshah , Lim Hooi Min , Yin Kathleen , Liew Chee Sun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveDelays in seeking healthcare for dengue are associated with poor health outcomes. Despite this, the factors influencing such delays remain unclear, rendering interventions to improve healthcare seeking for dengue ineffective. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the factors influencing healthcare seeking of patients with dengue and form a comprehensive framework.MethodsThis review included both qualitative and quantitative studies. Studies were obtained by searching five databases, contacting field experts and performing backward reference searches. The best‐fit meta‐synthesis approach was used during data synthesis, where extracted data were fitted into the social‐ecological model. Sub‐analyses were conducted to identify the commonly reported factors and their level of statistical significance.ResultsTwenty studies were selected for meta‐synthesis. Eighteen factors influencing healthcare seeking in dengue were identified and categorised under four domains: individual (11 factors), interpersonal (one factor), organisational (four factors) and community (two factors). The most reported factors were knowledge of dengue, access to healthcare, quality of health service and resource availability. Overall, more barriers to dengue health seeking than facilitators were found. History of dengue infection and having knowledge of dengue were found to be ambiguous as they both facilitated and hindered dengue healthcare seeking. Contrary to common belief, women were less likely to seek help for dengue than men.ConclusionsThe factors affecting dengue healthcare‐seeking behaviour are diverse, can be ambiguous and are found across multiple social‐ecological levels. Understanding these complexities is essential for the development of effective interventions to improve dengue healthcare‐seeking behaviour.
Profound architectural and functional readjustments of the secretory pathway in decidualization of endometrial stromal cells
Authors: Anelli Tiziana , Dalla Torre Marco , Borini Elena , Mangini Elisabetta , Ulisse Adele , Semino Claudia , Sitia Roberto , Panina‐Bordignon Paola 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCertain cell types must expand their exocytic pathway to guarantee efficiency and fidelity of protein secretion. A spectacular case is offered by decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs). In the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle, progesterone stimulation induces proliferating EnSCs to differentiate into professional secretors releasing proteins essential for efficient blastocyst implantation. Here, we describe the architectural rearrangements of the secretory pathway of a human EnSC line (TERT‐immortalized human endometrial stromal cells (T‐HESC)). As in primary cells, decidualization entails proliferation arrest and the coordinated expansion of the entire secretory pathway without detectable activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. Decidualization proceeds also in the absence of ascorbic acid, an essential cofactor for collagen biogenesis, despite also the secretion of some proteins whose folding does not depend on vitamin C is impaired. However, even in these conditions, no overt UPR induction can be detected. Morphometric analyses reveal that the exocytic pathway does not increase relatively to the volume of the cell. Thus, differently from other cell types, abundant production is guaranteed by a coordinated increase of the cell size following arrest of proliferation.
Editorial: Geography in the world
Authors: McFarlane Colin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis editorial introduces a new initiative at Transactions, “Geography in the World,” which engages with some of the challenges and opportunities of the discipline today. It does so by staging a set of reflections from Geographers working in different contexts across the world. The editorial introduces the first collection gathered in this issue, and discusses some of the key themes posed by the contributions and the wider initiative. Transactions invites further contributions – as short commentaries or full papers – to “Geography in the World” from authors based in different national contexts.