bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hot air convective drying of small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton): Evaluation of drying, color, and aroma kinetics
Authors: Mishra Sushreesmita , Sahu Jatindra K. , Sanwal Nikita , Sharma Nitya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEffect of temperatures (40, 50, and 60°C) on quality attributes of small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) during hot air convective (HAC) drying was investigated. Kinetics of moisture, color and aroma during the HAC drying were analyzed. Among seven 2‐ and 3‐term exponential models, the Logistic model was best‐fitted to the drying data. Moisture transfer rates were found out to be 1.62 × 10−8, 2.51 × 10−8, and 3.64 × 10−8 m2 s−1 at 40, 50, and 60°C, respectively, and the activation energy of diffusion was 34.96 kJ mol−1. When surface color (L*, a*, and b*) and aroma (essential oil yield) were considered as another two quality criteria during the drying of cardamom capsules, samples dried at 50°C was observed to be the best. With drying time, the value of L* decreased, a* value increased, and b* value of cardamom samples increased. Weibull model yielded the higher correlation coefficient between the predicted and the experimental data of color parameters (L* and a*) whereas the Zero‐order model was fitted well for b* values for the entire temperature range. Aroma calculated as essential oil yield (% dry basis) increased with drying time due to the release of a large number of volatile components during the drying.Practical ApplicationSmall cardamom so far is known to have best among the spices in terms of quality. Although India is among the largest consumer and producer of cardamom, cardamom growers adopt the age‐old processing practices. Furthermore, there is the absence of systematic study and scientific understanding in the existing practice of cardamom drying. The existing design and development of a dryer suitable for cardamom capsules are highly dependent on moisture, color, and aroma profile during drying. Studying drying kinetics along with postprocessing quality evaluation such as color and aroma would support as preliminary information for the development of suitable dryers for optimum retention of color and aroma of cardamom capsules during the drying.
Visual and Cognitive Impairments Differentially Affect Speed Limit Compliance in Older Drivers
Authors: Wang Shefang , Sharma Anuj , Dawson Jeffrey , Rizzo Matthew , Merickel Jennifer 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesWe test the hypothesis that clinical measures of age‐related cognitive, visual, and mobility impairments negatively impact older driver speed limit compliance to advance method developments that improve older patient care and screen, identify, and advise at‐risk older drivers.DesignReal‐world driver behaviors of older adults who had a range of cognitive, visual, and mobility abilities (measured with standardized, clinical tests) were assessed in environmental context (e.g., speed limit, traffic density, roadway type). Older driver speed limit compliance was measured in constant speed limit zones and at transition zones, where speed limits changed.SettingA naturalistic driving study of older adults living around Omaha, Nebraska.ParticipantsSeventy‐seven, legally licensed, active, and typically aging older drivers (65–90 years) who had a range of cognitive and visual abilities.MeasurementsDrivers typical, daily driving was continuously monitored for 3 months using sensor instrumentation installed in their own vehicles. At study start, each participant completed a comprehensive, standardized, clinical assessment of cognitive, visual, and mobility abilities relevant to aging and driving.ResultsOlder drivers with greater cognitive impairment (P = .10) drove slower than drivers with less cognitive impairment, linking cognitive impairment to speed control. Drivers with greater visual impairment overall complied less with speed limit changes at transition zones (P = .01) and were more likely to comply with speed limit transitions when they occurred concurrently with changes in roadway features (P < .01).ConclusionResults link clinical measures of age‐related cognitive and visual impairment to impaired driver safety in real‐world contexts. Real‐world sensor data coupled with detailed, personalized older driver profiles can inform patients, caregivers, interventions, policy, and the design of supportive in‐vehicle technology for at‐risk older drivers.
Fsp1 cardiac embryonic expression delineates atrioventricular endocardial cushion, coronary venous and lymphatic valve development
Authors: Cano‐Ballesteros Sara , Palmquist‐Gomes Paul , Marín‐Sedeño Ernesto , Guadix Juan Antonio , Pérez‐Pomares José María 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFsp1 (a.k.a S100A4 or Metastatin) is an intracellular and secreted protein widely regarded as a fibroblast marker. Recent studies have nonetheless shown that Fsp1 is also expressed by other cell types, including small subsets of endothelial cells. Since no detailed and systematic description of Fsp1 spatio‐temporal expression pattern in cardiac vascular cells is available in the literature, we have used a transgenic murine line (Fsp1‐GFP) to study Fsp1 expression in the developing and postnatal cardiac vasculature and endocardium. Our work shows that Fsp1 is expressed in the endocardium and mesenchyme of atrioventricular valve primordia, as well as in some coronary venous and lymphatic endothelial cells. Fsp1 expression in cardiac venous and lymphatic endothelium is progressively restricted to the leaflets of cardiac venous and lymphatic valves. Our results suggest that Fsp1 could play a role in the development of atrioventricular valves and participate in the patterning and morphogenesis of cardiac venous and lymphatic vessel valves.
Fe‐redox changes in Itokawa space‐weathered rims
Authors: Hicks L. J. , Bridges J. C. , Noguchi T. , Miyake A. , Piercy J. D. , Baker S. H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSynchrotron Fe‐K X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been used to investigate the mineralogy and Fe‐redox variations in the space‐weathered (SW) rims of asteroidal samples. This study focuses on the FIB lift‐out sections from five Itokawa grains, returned by the Hayabusa spacecraft, including samples RB‐QD04‐0063, RB‐QD04‐0080, RB‐CV‐0011, RB‐CV‐0089, and RB‐CV‐0148. Each of the samples featured partially amorphized SW rims, caused by irradiation damage from implanted low mass solar wind ions, and the impacting of micrometeorites. Using bright‐field and HAADF‐STEM imaging, vesicular blistering and nanophase Fe metal (npFe0) particles were observed within grain rims, and solar flare tracks were observed in the substrate host grain, confirming the presence of SW zones. We use Fe‐K XANES mapping to investigate Fe‐redox changes between the host mineral and the SW zones. All SW zones measured show some increases in the ferric‐ferrous ratio (Fe3+/ΣFe) relative to their respective host grains, likely the result of the implanted solar wind H+ ions reacting with the segregated ferrous Fe in the surface material.
Performance Improvement of a Two-Stage Proportional Valve With Internal Hydraulic Position Feedback
Authors: Wang He , Wang Xiaohu , Huang Jiahai , Quan Long 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The present research concentrates on the performance improvement of a two-stage proportional valve with internal hydraulic position feedback which is named as the Valvistor valve. In this paper, the performance constraint of this valve is identified and a novel electronic closed-loop control strategy with an integral-separation fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative controller is proposed to improve the valve performance, including the static characteristics and the dynamic characteristics. The results show that in the Valvistor valve, the comparison point and the feedback loop for the internal hydraulic position feedback is only in the main stage, while the input is in the pilot stage. This leads to the poor performance of this valve. The control strategy is very effective and the performance of the Valvistor valve is improved. With the control strategy, the error of the poppet displacement is reduced from 4.9% to 2.1% by adjusting the spool displacement in the pilot stage in real-time and the flow error is reduced from 5.3% to 2.3%. The dead zone of the poppet displacement and the flow is eliminated. The hysteresis is reduced from 5.3% to 2.6% and the linearity is improved. The overshoot is reduced from 0.06 to 0.02 mm and the settling time is reduced from 0.5 to 0.2 s. Moreover, the bandwidth is increased from 8 to 16 Hz.
Advanced Dynamics Analysis of a Drilling Stabilizer
Authors: Adewuya Opeyemi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Discrete models of two drilling stabilizer designs are subject to analytical mechanics treatments to examine dynamic behavior and amplify insights into contribution to bottom-hole drilling assembly (BHA) dynamics stability. The spiral blade and straight blade design stabilizers are essential components of oil and gas BHA included to functionally provide stabilization during rotation of the BHA and stand-off from the walls of the oil and gas wellbore. Attempts are made from the onset to simplify model complexity and as a consequence ease of computational simulation. The answer to the seemingly intuitive question of the mechanical advantage offered by a spiral blade compared to a straight blade stabilizer design in a constrained dynamics representation is revealed by computing forces generated at the interface between the functional elements of the devices and the inelastic boundary (wellbore) to keep the constraint satisfied. Analytical mechanics approaches have been used to carry out 3-D dynamics analysis of bottom hole drilling assemblies using 3-D Euler-Bernoulli or Timoshenko beam-column finite-element representations and lumped-parameter model approximations of rigid body dynamics behavior. In this work, phase portraits of angular velocity versus displacement — parsed for torque generated — from numerical simulations for torque-free and applied external load states, and discussion, offer illuminating insights into downhole operating dynamics of these ubiquitous components of oil and gas well bottom hole assembly (BHA) drilling devices.
Decentralized Iterative Learning Cooperative Impedance Control for a Team of Robot Manipulators
Authors: Jin Xu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, we propose a novel decentralized iterative learning cooperative impedance control (ILCIC) framework to cooperatively control the impedance of a robot manipulator team that operates in an iterative manner. Using a novel notion of neighbourhood impedance error, a formation-based architecture based on an undirected communication graph is proposed so that all robots in the team can achieve the desired impedance, even though some robot manipulators may not know the desired angle profiles and their relative configuration with respect to these desired angles. Furthermore, these desired angle profiles and the desired impedance model can be iteration dependent, as the robot manipulator team may need to accomplish different task objectives. Alignment initial conditions are considered, relaxing the identical initial condition (i.i.c.) often considered in the iterative learning control literature which can be restrictive in robotic applications. Through rigourous analysis, it is shown that the impedance error for each robot manipulator converges to zero over the iteration domain, in the sense of LT2-norm. In the end a simulation example on two 2DOF robot manipulators following a leader robotis presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework.
Modeling and Parameter Identification for Condition Monitoring of Surface-Mount Permanent Magnet Machines Under Magnet Demagnetization
Authors: Pinto Delgado Fanny , Song Ziyou , Hofmann Heath F. , Sun Jing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs) have been preferred for high-performance applications due to their high torque density, high power density, high control accuracy, and high efficiency over a wide operating range. During operation, monitoring the PMSM’s health condition is crucial for detecting any anomalies so that performance degradation, maintenance/downtime costs, and safety hazards can be avoided. In particular, demagnetization of PMSMs can lead to not only degraded performance but also high maintenance cost as they are the most expensive components in a PMSM. In this paper, an equivalent two-phase model for surface-mount permanent magnet (SMPM) machines under permanent magnet demagnetization is formulated and a parameter estimator is proposed for condition monitoring purposes. The performance of the proposed estimator is investigated through analysis and simulation under different conditions, and compared with a parameter estimator based on the standard SMPM machine model. In terms of information that can be extracted for fault diagnosis and condition monitoring, the proposed estimator exhibits advantages over the standard-model-based estimator as it can differentiate between uniform demagnetization over all poles and asymmetric demagnetization between north and south poles.
Physics Based Multi-Fidelity Data Fusion for Efficient Characterization of Mode Shape Variation Under Uncertainties
Authors: Zhou K. , Tang J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Efficient prediction of mode shape variation under uncertainties is important for design and control. While Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is straightforward, it is computationally expensive and not feasible for complex structures with high dimensionalities. To address this issue, in this study we develop a multi-fidelity data fusion approach with an enhanced Gaussian process (GP) architecture to evaluate mode shape variation. Since the process to acquire high-fidelity data from full-scale physical model usually is costly, we involve an order-reduced model to rapidly generate a relatively large amount of low-fidelity data. Combining these with a small amount of high-fidelity data altogether, we can establish a Gaussian process meta-model and use it for efficient model shape prediction. This enhanced meta-model allows one to capture the intrinsic correlation of model shape amplitudes at different locations by incorporating a multi-response strategy. Comprehensive case studies are performed for methodology validation.
The Effect of Time Delay on the Stability Control of Trailers
Authors: Horvath Hanna Zs. , Takacs Denes 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The instability of the car-trailer systems very often leads to the snaking and/or rocking motions of trailers. In order to reduce the safety risk of these unwanted vibrations, stability control can be applied. In this paper, we use a spatial trailer model to analyze the effect of a possible control algorithm, which actuates by means of braking. For the sake of simplicity, the dynamics of the towing vehicle is modeled by the lateral displacement of the tow hitch that is supported laterally by a spring and damper. The longitudinal speed of the vehicle is kept constant. The effect of the braking forces are emulated in our study via a control torque, which is proportional to the yaw angle and the yaw rate. The time delay of the controller is also considered. Linear stability charts are constructed in the plane of the different system parameters. Linearly stable and unstable parameter domains are identified both for the vertical position of the center of gravity and the control gains. Numerical simulations are used to validate the theoretical results.
A Novel Plate-Like Sensor Utilizing Curvature-Based Stiffening for Nanometrology Applications
Authors: Shihab Rafiul , Jalil Tasmirul , Gulsacan Burak , Aureli Matteo , Tung Ryan C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, we propose a novel plate-like sensor which utilizes curvature-based stiffening effects for enhanced nanometrology. In the proposed concept, the stiffness and natural frequencies of the sensor can be arbitrarily adjusted by applying a transverse curvature via piezoelectric actuators, thereby enabling resonance amplification over a broad range of frequencies. The concept is validated using a macroscale experiment. Then, a microscale finite element analysis is used to study the effect of applied curvature on the microplate static stiffness and natural frequencies. We show that imposed transverse curvature is an effective way to tune the in-situ static stiffness and natural frequencies of the plate sensor system. These findings will form the basis of future curvature-based stiffening microscale studies for novel scenarios in atomic force microscopy.
Hormonal contraceptive prescriptions in the UK Armed Forces
Authors: Double Rebecca L , Wardle S L , O'Leary T J , Weaden N , Bailey G , Greeves J P 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionThirty four per cent of women use hormonal contraceptives in the UK and the contraceptive pill is the most common method. There are no comparable data in the UK Armed Forces, but servicewomen are often required to complete physically arduous job roles in combat zones and may be more likely to take contraceptives to control or stop menstrual bleeding than the general population. We explored the prevalence of hormonal contraceptive prescriptions in the UK Armed Forces.MethodsThe study used defence medical records (Defence Medical Information Capability Programme) to identify hormonal contraceptive prescriptions for all serving regular UK servicewomen (n=15 738) as of 1 September 2017.ResultsThirty one per cent of servicewomen (Royal Navy, 28%; British Army, 30%; Royal Air Force, 34%) had a current prescription for a hormonal contraceptive. Non-officer ranks were more likely to have a prescription for a hormonal contraceptive (32%) than officers (27%) (p<0.01). The contraceptive pill was more commonly prescribed (68%) than long-acting reversible contraceptive methods (32%) (contraceptive injection, 11%; contraceptive implant, 11%; intrauterine device, 10%).ConclusionPrescription data suggest that the prevalence of hormonal contraceptive use in UK servicewomen is comparable with the general UK population. These findings suggest that military service does not influence prevalence or choice of hormonal contraceptives.
Systems approach to health service design, delivery and improvement: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Komashie Alexander , Ward James , Bashford Tom , Dickerson Terry , Kaya Gulsum Kubra , Liu Yuanyuan , Kuhn Isla , Günay Aslι , Kohler Katharina , Boddy Nicholas , O'Kelly Eugenia , Masters Joseph , Dean John , Meads Catherine , Clarkson P John 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTo systematically review the evidence base for a systems approach to healthcare design, delivery or improvement.DesignSystematic review with meta-analyses.MethodsIncluded were studies in any patients, in any healthcare setting where a systems approach was compared with usual care which reported quantitative results for any outcomes for both groups. We searched Medline, Embase, HMIC, Health Business Elite, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and CINAHL from inception to 28 May 2019 for relevant studies. These were screened, and data extracted independently and in duplicate. Study outcomes were stratified by study design and whether they reported patient and/or service outcomes. Meta-analysis was conducted with Revman software V.5.3 using ORs—heterogeneity was assessed using I2statistics.ResultsOf 11 405 records 35 studies were included, of which 28 (80%) were before-and-after design only, five were both before-and-after and concurrent design, and two were randomised controlled trials (RCTs). There was heterogeneity of interventions and wide variation in reported outcome types. Almost all results showed health improvement where systems approaches were used. Study quality varied widely. Exploratory meta-analysis of these suggested favourable effects on both patient outcomes (n=14, OR=0.52 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.71) I2=91%), and service outcomes (n=18, OR=0.40 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.52) I2=97%).ConclusionsThis study suggests that a systems approaches to healthcare design and delivery results in a statistically significant improvement to both patient and service outcomes. However, better quality studies, particularly RCTs are needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017065920.
Causal modelling of variation in clinical practice and long-term outcomes of ADHD using Norwegian registry data: the ADHD controversy project
Authors: Mykletun Arnstein , Widding-Havneraas Tarjei , Chaulagain Ashmita , Lyhmann Ingvild , Bjelland Ingvar , Halmøy Anne , Elwert Felix , Butterworth Peter , Markussen Simen , Zachrisson Henrik Daae , Rypdal Knut 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common mental disorders in children and adolescents, and it is a strong risk factor for several adverse psychosocial outcomes over the lifespan. There are large between-country and within-country variations in diagnosis and medication rates. Due to ethical and practical considerations, a few studies have examined the effects of receiving a diagnosis, and there is a lack of research on effects of medication on long-term outcomes.Our project has four aims organised in four work packages: (WP1) To examine the prognosis of ADHD (with and without medication) compared with patients with other psychiatric diagnoses, patients in contact with public sector child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinics (without diagnosis) and the general population; (WP2) Examine within-country variation in ADHD diagnoses and medication rates by clinics’ catchment area; and(WP3) Identify causal effects of being diagnosed with ADHD and (WP4) ADHD medication on long-term outcomes.Method and analysisOur project links several nationwide Norwegian registries. The patient sample is all persons aged 5–18 years that were in contact with public sector child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinics in 2009–2011. Our comparative analysis of prognosis will be based on survival analysis and mixed-effects models. Our analysis of variation will apply mixed-effects models and generalised linear models. We have two identification strategies for the effect of being diagnosed with ADHD and of receiving medication on long-term outcomes. Both strategies rely on using preference-based instrumental variables, which in our project are based on provider preferences for ADHD diagnosis and medication.Ethics and disseminationThe project is approved by the Regional Ethics Committee, Norway (REC number 2017/2150/REC south-east D). All papers will be published in open-access journals and results will be presented in national and international conferences.Trial registration numbersISRCTN11573246andISRCTN11891971.