bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layperson Views about the Design and Evaluation of Decision Aids: A Public Deliberation
Authors: Schwartz Peter H. , O’Doherty Kieran C. , Bentley Colene , Schmidt Karen K. , Burgess Michael M. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose We carried out the first public deliberation to elicit lay input regarding guidelines for the design and evaluation of decision aids, focusing on the example of colorectal (“colon”) cancer screening. Methods A random, demographically stratified sample of 28 laypeople convened for 4 days, during which they were informed about key issues regarding colon cancer, screening tests, risk communication, and decision aids. Participants then deliberated in small and large group sessions about the following: 1) What information should be included in all decision aids for colon screening? 2) What risk information should be in a decision aid and how should risk information be presented? 3) What makes a screening decision a good one (reasonable or legitimate)? 4) What makes a decision aid and the advice it provides trustworthy? With the help of a trained facilitator, the deliberants formulated recommendations, and a vote was held on each to identify support and alternative views. Results Twenty-one recommendations (“deliberative conclusions”) were strongly supported. Some conclusions matched current recommendations, such as that decision aids should be available for use with and without providers present (conclusions 1–4) and should support informed choice (conclusion 9). Some conclusions differed from current recommendations, at least in emphasis—for example, that decision aids should disclose cost of screening (conclusion 11) and should be kept simple and understandable (conclusion 14). Deliberants recommended that decision aids should disclose the baseline risk of getting colon cancer (conclusions 15, 17). Limitations Single location and medical decision. Conclusions Guidelines for design of decision aids should consider putting a greater focus on disclosing cost and keeping decision aids simple, and they possibly should recommend disclosing less extensive amounts of quantitative information than currently recommended.
Attitudes and Views Concerning Human Milk Banking Among Mothers Residing in a Rural Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Yasmin , Rahman Sohel , Shamsi Tasdidaa , sm-Rahman Atiqur 
Published: April 2021

Background Human milk banks play an essential role by providing human milk to infants who would otherwise not be able to receive mother’s milk. Study aim To determine the opinions and attitudes among possible donor mothers regarding human milk banks in one rural region in Bangladesh. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional study following a probability type of stratified cluster sampling technique was used. Included in the study ( N = 121) were mothers aged 20–49 years, with at least one child, who was currently lactating or had breastfed her child, and who resided in the rural community of Bangladesh where the study was conducted. Data were collected through a 21-item, close-ended questionnaire and a face-to-face interview conducted by the researcher at each participant’s home. Results Among the participants, 98.3% ( n = 119) said that they had not heard about human milk banks before speaking with the researchers. Most participants (71.9%, n = 87) said would obtain human milk from milk banks if necessary, but 28% ( n =34) of mothers indicated that they would not receive milk from a milk bank, even if it was necessary for their children. Only 8.3% ( n = 10) said human milk banks were not appropriate according to Islam and 99.2% ( n = 120) did not know about the acceptance of human milk banking practices in Bangladesh. Conclusions For those with religious concerns, a framework for both the donors and recipients can be established. It can be recommended that health education through healthcare personnel (midwives, nurses, gynecologists, pediatricians, and other health professionals) and religious leaders may strengthen the belief and increase awareness among family members about milk banking practices.
Ketamine in Refractory Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Cheung Fiona , Doherty Stephanie M. , Tatara Alexandra W. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To describe the use of ketamine in an adult patient in aborting a cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) episode. Summary: A 40-year-old man with a history of CVS was admitted after several days of nausea and vomiting. He was given parenteral doses of lorazepam and ondansetron but was unable to remain emesis-free. Ketamine was recommended by Gastroenterology as a therapeutic option after exhausting all first- and second-line agents. Ketamine is a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist that is widely used for its analgesic and sedative effects. While there is some data to support its use in CVS, most of the published literature has been limited to the Emergency Department setting and no specific therapeutic dose has been established. We will review our institution’s experience with low dose ketamine in an adult patient with a CVS episode that is refractory to first-line agents. Conclusion: In the case described, ketamine at a low sub-anesthetic dose successfully aborted a CVS episode with no appreciable side effects. As much of ketamine’s full effects remain relatively unknown, additional studies are needed to determine optimal strategies for ketamine use in patients with a CVS episode.
Safety and Efficacy of Non–Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulant Use Early After Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Erica H. Z. , Ye Jian , Turgeon Ricky 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) initiated early after cardiac surgery. Data Sources:: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and MEDLINE (database inception to January 20, 2021), www.clinicaltrials.gov , www.who.int/ictrp/search/en/ , NOAC trial registries, and bibliographies of relevant guidelines and other reviews were used. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that initiated NOACs within the index hospitalization and that reported bleeding for the primary outcome were included. Data Synthesis: A total of 6 cohort studies, 1 RCT, and 3 ongoing RCTs were included. Most studies were single-centered, limited to postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting, and with 30-day follow-up; few studies included patients with isolated bioprosthetic valve replacement or valve repair. Bleeding risk varied (0%-28.6%), and all but one study showed no significantly higher risk with NOAC compared with warfarin. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Overall, NOACs were used in 26% to 37.5% of patients early after cardiac surgery. Starting a NOAC on postoperative day 4 appeared to have similar bleeding rates compared with warfarin, but clinical application is limited by heterogeneity of outcome definitions, confounding, and bias. Compared with warfarin, NOACs may have similar thromboembolism risk, reduced length of stay, and cost. Conclusions: There is limited evidence to guide NOAC use early after cardiac surgery. Three ongoing randomized trials will add to the literature and provide guidance for clinicians on whether, in whom, when, and how to use NOACs safely early after cardiac surgery.
Placemaking ‘experiences’ during Covid-19
Authors: Norum Roger , Polson Erika 
Published: April 2021

This article explores the ways in which, during the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic, AirBnb’s successful place-based Experiences product was reimagined as a live online offering, marketed to would-be tourists living under ‘stay at home’ orders. Using online ethnographic and interpretive analysis of these new virtual experiences, we highlight a series of core placemaking strategies employed by hosts of the once in-situ experiences to show how they reemerge as interactive digital placemakers. In doing so, we elucidate how live, multimedia digital experiences become part of an evolution in the creation of ‘placemarkets’ that are now fundamental to both global mobility and globalized commercial exchange in the experience economy. Beyond the technological features used for these placemaking experiences, we find that the experience hosts and their manifold strategies to substantively engage participants – particularly through igniting their senses – are at the crux of digital placemaking; it is the affective labor of the hosts that most contributes to experiencing emplacement.
A rare presentation and management of thrombosis of an aberrant right subclavian artery related to thoracic outlet syndrome
Authors: Bellamkonda Kirthi S , Perez Lozada Juan Carlos , Chaar Cassius Iyad Ochoa 
Published: April 2021

Objectives We present a case in which a 44-year-old female smoker with a complex medical and surgical history presented with acute upper limb ischemia. Methods The patient was diagnosed with thoracic outlet syndrome causing symptomatic thrombosis of an aberrant right subclavian artery associated with diverticulum of Kommerell. The patient had history of extensive surgeries and radiation in the right chest with fibrotic changes, so surgical dissection in the area was associated with significant risk of nerve injury. Therefore, revascularization of the arm was performed via carotid to brachial artery bypass with reversed saphenous vein and the thoracic outlet was decompressed with segmental clavicular resection. Results Patient has been symptom free for 3 years with patent bypass. Conclusions This case demonstrates a unique presentation of distal thrombosis of a symptomatic aberrant right subclavian artery related to thoracic outlet syndrome. The combined claviculectomy–vein bypass is a safe and efficacious surgical approach that provides durable relief.
Effectiveness and safety of repeated percutaneous intervention in an office-based endovascular center in maintaining hemodialysis access
Authors: Patel Jay , Chang Stephanie , Manawar Shaan , Munn John , Rummel Mark C , Johnston Dan , Jain Krishna 
Published: April 2021

Objectives Percutaneous dialysis access interventions are routinely used to maintain the patency of dialysis access despite the lack of data regarding their long-term effectiveness. This retrospective study was undertaken to study the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous dialysis access interventions in arm fistulas and bridge grafts in an office-based endovascular center. Methods Patients who had a percutaneous dialysis access intervention in their upper extremity access site, performed at a single office-based endovascular center over a nine-year period (2007–2016) were included in this study. The patients’ demographic factors, patency, and complications were analyzed. Patients were entered in the study after first percutaneous dialysis access intervention. Results A total of 298 limbs in 259 patients had 913 procedures carried out over a nine-year period. There were 190 access arteriovenous fistulas and 108 arteriovenous grafts. The two most common arteriovenous fistulas were the brachiocephalic fistula ( n = 74, 39%) and radio cephalic fistula ( n = 69, 36%). Arteriovenous grafts were most commonly placed in the upper arm ( n = 66, 61%) followed by the forearm ( n = 42, 39%). The mean overall patency for all limbs was 50.86 months. Arteriovenous fistulas had a significantly longer patency than arteriovenous grafts (51.65 vs. 42.09 months; P = 0.01). In addition, patients with two or more percutaneous dialysis access intervention in their arteriovenous fistula had significantly greater patency than those with only one percutaneous dialysis access intervention (58.5 vs. 7.6 months; hazard ratio 0.41; P = 0.0008). This was not true for the arteriovenous graft group. Women represented 49% of the patient group. Their accesses had shorter patency than men (39.8 vs. 60 months; P = 0.0007). Conclusions This data support the use of repeated percutaneous dialysis access intervention to maintain long-term patency of dialysis access sites in an office-based endovascular center. Overall, fistulas have longer patency than grafts and women have poorer outcomes as compared to men
The characteristics of carotid body tumors in high-altitude region: Analysis from a single center
Authors: Wang Yong-Hong , Zhu Ji-Hai , Yang Jia , Ma Wei , Zhong Hao , Zhang Wen-Shi , Wu Jian-Ying 
Published: April 2021

Objectives Though carotid body tumors are rare, increasing attentions have been given because of malignant transformation and high surgical risk. However, at present, the characteristics and etiology still remain unclear. Our study was designed to describe the clinical features of carotid body tumors in our institution and to compare the results with previous reports. Methods We retrospectively reviewed carotid body tumor patients diagnosed in our institution from January 2015 to May 2020. The demographics, comorbidities, lesion location, anatomic characteristics, complications, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated. Carotid body tumor measurements were determined from computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and carotid arteriography examination. We described and compared the clinical features of carotid body tumors in our institution and other reports. Results We totally identified 122 carotid body tumor cases for the present analysis. The mean age was 50.26 years, with the majority being female (82%). The commonest presentation was a painless neck mass (68%). For the distribution of nationality, most patients were the Han nationality (69.7%). The mean altitude of habitat of patients was 2689.4 km; 19.7% patients suffered bilateral lesions. The main blood supply of carotid body tumors was from external carotid artery (54.1%). For patients who received operation, 11 (11.2%) patients experienced cranial nerve injury. The maximal diameter of tumors was 3.99 ± 1.98 cm in male and 3.38 ± 1.36 cm in female. The volume of tumors was 31.49 ± 29.76 cm3 in male and 15.27 ± 13.06 cm3 in female. The distance to base of skull of tumors was 3.39 ± 1.07 cm (3.99 ± 1.98 cm in male vs 3.38 ± 1.36 cm, P <  0.05). Two patients (2.04%) were identified as having malignant carotid body tumor. Conclusions Though carotid body tumor had a low morbidity and multitudinous clinicopathologic features, it was apt to middle-aged women and the main blood supply was from external carotid artery. The painless neck mass was the commonest presentation of carotid body tumors. There were significant difference between male and female patients regarding platelet, hemoglobin, distance to base of skull, tumor volume, altitude of habitat, carotid body tumor location, and hypertension.
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte infiltration and chemokine predict long-term patient survival independently of tumor mutational burden in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Katsuta Eriko , Yan Li , Opyrchal Mateusz , Kalinski Pawel , Takabe Kazuaki 
Published: April 2021

Background: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) infiltration into tumor is a positive prognostic factor in breast cancer. High tumor mutational burden (TMB) is also considered as a predictor of tumor immunogenicity and response to immunotherapy. However, it is unclear whether the infiltration of functional CTL simply reflects the TMB or represents an independent prognostic value. Methods: Utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer cohort, we established the Functional Hotness Score (FHS). The associations of FHS and breast cancer patient prognosis as well as distinct immunity markers were analyzed in a total of 3011 breast cancer patients using TCGA, METABRIC and metastatic breast cancer (MBC) cohort GSE110590. Results: We established FHS, based on CD8A, GZMB and CXCL10 gene expression levels of bulk tumors, which delivered the best prognostic value among some gene combinations. Breast cancer patients with the high-FHS tumors showed significantly better survival. FHS was lower in the MBCs. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) showed the highest FHS among subtypes. FHS predicted patient survival in hormone receptor (HR)-negative, especially in TNBC, but not in HR-positive breast cancer. FHS predicted patient prognosis independently in TNBC. The high-FHS TNBCs showed not only higher CD8+ T cell infiltration, but also enhanced broader type-1 anti-cancer immunity. The patients with the high-FHS tumors showed better prognosis not only in high-TMB tumors but also in low-TMB TNBCs. The combination of high-TMB with high-FHS identified a unique subset of patients who do not recur over time in TNBC. Conclusion: TNBCs with high FHS based on the expression levels of CD8A, GZMB and CXCL10 showed improved prognosis with enhanced anti-cancer immunity regardless of TMB. FHS constitutes an independent prognostic marker of survival, particularly robustly when combined with TMB in TNBC.
Social media in health communication: A literature review of information quality
Authors: Afful-Dadzie Eric , Afful-Dadzie Anthony , Egala Sulemana Bankuoru 
Published: April 2021

Background: Social media is used in health communication by individuals, health professionals, disease centres and other health regulatory bodies. However, varying degrees of information quality are churned out daily on social media. This review is concerned with the quality of Social Media Health Information (SMHI). Objective: The review sought to understand how SMHI quality issues have been framed and addressed in the literature. Health topics, users and social media platforms that have raised health information quality concerns are reviewed. The review also looked at the suitability of existing criteria and instruments used in evaluating SMHI and identified gaps for future research. Method: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the forward chaining strategy were used in the document search. Data were sourced according to inclusion criteria from five academic databases, namely Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed and MEDLINE. Results: A total of 93 articles published between 2000 and 2019 were used in the review. The review revealed a worrying trend of health content and communication on social media, especially of cancer, dental care and diabetes information on YouTube. The review further discovered that the Journal of the American Medical Association, the DISCERN and the Health on the Net Foundation, which were designed before the advent of social media, continue to be used as quality evaluation instruments for SMHI, even though technical and user characteristics of social media differ from traditional portals such as websites. Conclusion: The study synthesises varied opinions on SMHI quality in the literature and recommends that future research proposes quality evaluation criteria and instruments specifically for SMHI.
Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Therapy on Quadriceps Function in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Qiu Jihong , Ong Michael Tim-Yun , Leong Hio Teng , He Xin , Fu Sai-Chuen , Yung Patrick Shu-Hang 
Published: April 2021

Context: Quadriceps dysfunction is common for patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Whole-body vibration (WBV) could effectively treat quadriceps dysfunction. Objective: To summarize WBV protocols for patients with ACLR and to evaluate the effects of WBV on quadriceps function. Data Sources: PubMed, CINAHL, SportDiscus, Web of Science, Medline, and Embase were searched from inception to January 2020. Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials recruiting patients with ACLR, using WBV as intervention, and reporting at least 1 of the following outcomes, strength, rate of torque development (RTD), and voluntary activation ratio of quadriceps, were included. Study Design: Systematic review. Evidence Level: Level 3. Methods: This systematic review was reported according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Quality of evidence was determined by PEDro criteria and GRADE system. Participant characteristics, interventions, and the relevant results of the included studies were extracted and synthesized in a narrative way. Results: In total, 8 studies were included. Of these, 2 studies had serious risk of bias. Five of 8 studies implemented a series of WBV program ranging from 2 to 10 weeks in duration, while the other 3 studies implemented a single session of WBV. Eight WBV protocols were reported. The reported outcomes consisted of quadriceps strength, RTD, and central activation ratio. WBV protocols were heterogeneous. Low quality of evidence supported that exclusive conventional rehabilitation was more effective than exclusive WBV therapy in increasing quadriceps strength. Low quality of evidence supported that WBV combined with conventional rehabilitation was more beneficial in increasing quadriceps strength when compared with conventional rehabilitation alone. Very low quality of evidence supported the efficacy of a single session of WBV on quadriceps function. Conclusions: There is no standardized WBV protocol for patients with ACLR, and the effectiveness of WBV in rehabilitation on quadriceps function remains inconclusive.
An Artificial Intelligence Hypothetical Approach for Masseter Muscle Segmentation on Ultrasonography in Patients With Bruxism
Authors: Orhan Kaan , Yazici Gokhan , Kolsuz Mehmet Eray , Kafa Nihan , Bayrakdar Ibrahim Sevki , Çelik Özer 
Published: April 2021

Aim: The present study is aimed to assess the segmentation success of an artificial intelligence (AI) system based on the deep convolutional neural network (D-CNN) method for the segmentation of masseter muscles on ultrasonography (USG) images. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out by using the radiology archive of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology of the Faculty of Dentistry in Ankara University. A total of 195 anonymized USG images were used in this retrospective study. The deep learning process was performed using U-net, Pyramid Scene Parsing Network (PSPNet), and Fuzzy Petri Net (FPN) architectures. Muscle thickness was assessed using USG by manual segmentation and measurements using USG’s software. The neural network model (CranioCatch, Eskisehir-Turkey) was then used to determine the muscles, following automatic measurements of the muscles. Accuracy, ROC area under the curve (AUC), and Precision-Recall Curves (PRC) AUC were calculated in the test dataset and compare a human observer and the AI model. Manual segmentation and measurements were compared statistically with AI ( P < .05). The Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyze whether there is a statistically significant difference between the predicted values and the actual values. Results: The AI models detected and segmented all test muscle data for FPN and U-net, while only two cases of muscles were not detected by PSPNet (false negatives). Accuracies of FPN, PSPNet, and U-net were estimated as 0.985, 0.947, and 0.969, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic scores of FPN, PSPNet, and U-net were estimated as 0.977, 0.934, and 0.969, respectively. The D-CNN measurements of the muscles were similar to manual measurements. There was no significant difference between the two measurement methods in three groups ( P > .05). Conclusion: The proposed AI system approach for the analysis of USG images seems to be promising for automatic masseter muscle segmentation and measurement of thickness. This method can help surgeons, radiologists, and other professionals such as physical therapists in evaluating the time correctly and saving time for diagnosis.