bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Native and prosthetic graft infections of the thoracic aorta: surgical management
Authors: Rustum Saad , Beckmann Erik , Martens Andreas , Krüger Heike , Arar Morsi , Kaufeld Tim , Haverich Axel , Shrestha Malakh Lal 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Infection of the native aorta or after previous open or endovascular repair of the thoracic aorta is associated with high risks for morbidity and mortality. We analysed the outcome after surgical management of a native mycotic aneurysm or of prosthetic graft infection of the descending aorta.

METHODS
From June 2000 to May 2019, a total of 39 patients underwent surgery in our centre for infection of the native descending aorta (n = 19 [49%], group A) or a prosthetic descending aorta [n = 20 (51%), group B]. In the 20 patients in group B, a total of 8 patients had prior open aortic repair with a prosthesis and 12 patients had a previous endovascular graft repair.

RESULTS
The cohort patients had a mean age of 57 ± 14; 62% were men (n = 24). The most common symptoms at the time of presentation included fever, thoracic or abdominal pain and active bleeding. Emergency surgery was performed in 11 patients (28%); 3 patients had emergency endovascular stent grafts implanted during thoracic endovascular aortic repair for aortic rupture before further open repair. The 30-day mortality was 42% in group A and 35% in group B. The 90-day mortality was 47% in group A and 45% in group B. Pathogens could be identified in approximately half of the patients (46%). The most commonly identified pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus in 6 patients (15%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis in 4 patients (10%). Survival of the entire group (including patients with both native and prosthetic graft infections) was 44 ± 8%, 39 ± 8% and 39 ± 8% at 1, 2 and 3 years after surgery. The percentage of patients who survived the initial perioperative period was 81 ± 9%, 71 ± 9% and 71 ± 10% at 1, 2 and 3 years after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with infection of the descending aorta, either native or prosthetic, are associated with both high morbidity and mortality. However, patients who survive the initial perioperative period have an acceptable long-term prognosis. In emergency situations, thoracic endovascular aortic repair may help to stabilize patients and serve as bridge to open repair.
Diversity of Cronobacter genus isolated between 1970 and 2019 on the American continent and genotyped using multi-locus sequence typing
Authors: Costa Paula Vasconcelos , Vasconcellos Luiza , Forsythe Stephen James , Brandão Marcelo Luiz Lima 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the Cronobacter spp. strains isolated on the American continent and characterized using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) available in the PubMLST database and current literature. From 465 Cronobacter spp. strains, the majority (n = 267, 57.4%) was from North America, mainly from USA (n = 234) and 198 (42.6%) were from South America, mainly from Brazil (n = 196). A total of 232 (49.9%) were isolated from foods, 102 (21.9%) from environmental, 87 (18.7%) from clinical, 27 (5.8%) from PIF, one from water (0.2%) and 16 (3.5%) from unknown sources. A total of five species were represented: Cronobacter sakazakii (374, 80.4%), Cronobacter malonaticus (41, 8.8%), Cronobacter dublinensis (29, 6.2%), Cronobacter turicensis (16, 3.5%) and Cronobacter muytjensii (5, 1.1%). The strains with complete MLST profile (n = 345) were assigned to 98 STs, a ratio of 3.5 strain by ST found and the calculated Simpson`s index was 0.93. The strains showed a high diversity and after eBURST analysis, 30 STs (n = 189) formed 12 single and/or double-locus variant clonal complexes (CC). A total of 38 STs (38.7%) were associated with clinical cases of infection, including well established C. sakazakii CC 1, 4, 8 and 83; C. malonaticus ST60, 307, 394 and 440; and C. sakazakii ST 12 and 494.
An interrupted time series analysis of the lockdown policies in India: a national-level analysis of COVID-19 incidence
Authors: Thayer Winter M , Hasan Md Zabir , Sankhla Prithvi , Gupta Shivam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
India implemented a national mandatory lockdown policy (Lockdown 1.0) on 24 March 2020 in response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The policy was revised in three subsequent stages (Lockdown 2.0–4.0 between 15 April to 18 May 2020), and restrictions were lifted (Unlockdown 1.0) on 1 June 2020. This study evaluated the effect of lockdown policy on the COVID-19 incidence rate at the national level to inform policy response for this and future pandemics. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis with a segmented regression model using publicly available data on daily reported new COVID-19 cases between 2 March 2020 and 1 September 2020. National-level data from Google Community Mobility Reports during this timeframe were also used in model development and robustness checks. Results showed an 8% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 6–9%] reduction in the change in incidence rate per day after Lockdown 1.0 compared to prior to the Lockdown order, with an additional reduction of 3% (95% CI = 2–3%) after Lockdown 4.0, suggesting an 11% (95% CI = 9–12%) reduction in the change in COVID-19 incidence after Lockdown 4.0 compared to the period before Lockdown 1.0. Uptake of the lockdown policy is indicated by decreased mobility and attenuation of the increasing incidence of COVID-19. The increasing rate of incident case reports in India was attenuated after the lockdown policy was implemented compared to before, and this reduction was maintained after the restrictions were eased, suggesting that the policy helped to ‘flatten the curve’ and buy additional time for pandemic preparedness, response and recovery.
Protective effect of flavonoids from Passiflora edulis Sims on diabetic complications in rats
Authors: Salles Bruno César Correa , Leme Krissia Caroline , da Silva Marcelo Aparecido , da Rocha Cláudia Quintino , Tangerina Marcelo M P , Vilegas Wagner , Figueiredo Sônia A , Duarte Stella Maris da Silveira , Rodrigues Maria Rita , de Araújo Paula Fernanda Borges 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of flavonoids present in leaves of Passiflora edulis fruit on complications induced by diabetes in rats.

Methods
The extract of P. edulis leaf was obtained by 70% ethanol maceration. From the dry extract, the fractions were obtained by consecutive liquid–liquid partition with hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The content of isoorientin of ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray and triple quadrupole ionization (TQD) analysis in tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI-Tq-MS). Only Fr-BuOH was used to treat diabetic or not Wistar rats. Biochemical parameters, platelet aggregation and production of reactive species were evaluated.

Key findings
The UPLC–ESI-Tq-MS analysis revealed the presence of several flavonoids, among which we identified five possible flavonoids c-heterosides (luteolin-7-O-pyranosyl-3-O-glucoside, apigenin-6-8-di-C-glycoside, apigenin-6-C-arabinoside-8-C-glycoside, isoorientin, isovitexin). The diabetic rats (treated intraperitoneally with alloxan, 150 mg/kg) treated with Fr-BuOH (20 mg/kg/day for 90 days) presented improvement in blood glucose, serum levels of fructosamine, lipid profile and urea. Furthermore, the Fr-BuOH reduced both platelet aggregation and the production of oxidant species in diabetic animals.

Conclusions
These results suggested that flavonoid C-glycosides present in the Fr-BuOH may be beneficial for the diabetic state, preventing complications induced by diabetes.
Enhancement of lithium in red clump stars by the additional energy loss induced by new physics
Authors: Mori Kanji , Kusakabe Motohiko , Balantekin A Baha , Kajino Toshitaka , Famiano Michael A 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Since 7Li is easily destroyed in low temperatures, the surface lithium abundance decreases as stars evolve. This is supported by the lithium depletion observed in the atmosphere of most red giants. However, recent studies show that almost all of red clump stars have high lithium abundances A(Li) &gt; −0.9, which are not predicted by the standard theory of the low-mass stellar evolution. In order to reconcile the discrepancy between the observations and the model, we consider additional energy loss channels that may come from physics beyond the Standard Model. A(Li) slightly increases near the tip of the red giant branch even in the standard model with thermohaline mixing because of the 7Be production by the Cameron–Fowler mechanism, but the resultant 7Li abundance is much lower than the observed values. We find that the production of 7Be becomes more active if there are additional energy loss channels, because themohaline mixing becomes more efficient and a heavier helium core is formed.
A Systematic Review of Phenylephrine Versus Noradrenaline for the Management of Hypotension Associated With Neuraxial Anesthesia in Women Undergoing Cesarean Section
Authors: Heesen M. , Hilber N. , Rijs K. , Rossaint R. , Girard T. , Mercier F.J. , Klimek M. 
Published: February 2021

(Anaesthesia. 2020;75:800–808)
Up to 60% of women who receive spinal anesthesia during cesarean delivery experience hypotension. Phenylephrine has become the vasopressor of choice but is associated with maternal reflex bradycardia. Noradrenaline is an alternative vasopressor and is associated less with bradycardia. Noradrenaline has weak β-adrenergic activity and some studies have suggested noradrenaline is associated with fetal acidosis. This review aimed to identify randomized controlled trials comparing the use of noradrenaline and phenylephrine in women receiving spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.
An Ultrasound Assessment of Gastric Emptying Following Tea With Milk in Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Irwin R. , Gyawali I. , Kennedy B. , Garry N. , Milne S. , Tan T. 
Published: February 2021

(Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2020;37:303–308)
Fasting guidelines from the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and European Society of Anaesthesiologists (ESA) recommend that clear fluids, including tea without milk, can be ingested up to 2 hours before general or regional anesthesia. Milk is considered to have the same gastric emptying time as solid food and requires a fasting period [nil per os (NPO) time] of 6 hours. While both guidelines suggest that a small amount of milk may be added to clear fluids without impacting NPO times, there is little evidence to support this guidance. The aim of this study was to compare gastric emptying of tea with milk versus water in pregnant women.
Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy
Authors: Battarbee A.N. , Sinkey R.G. , Harper L.M. , Oparil S. , Tita A.T.N. 
Published: February 2021

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;222:532–541)
New guidelines for the management of chronic hypertension have been published in the last 3 years by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), The American College of Cardiology (ACC), The American Heart Association (AHA), and the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy (ISSHP). The authors compiled this work to review the evidence supporting these new guidelines and to provide critiques on areas that need further research.
Labor and Delivery Visitor Policies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Balancing Risks and Benefits
Authors: Arora K.S. , Mauch J.T. , Gibson K.S. 
Published: February 2021

(JAMA. 2020;323:2468–2469)
During a global pandemic, the responsibility of a physician shifts to prioritizing community health rather than maximizing the best interests of individual patients. As such, policies limiting patient visitors have been implemented in virtually all clinical settings in order to curb infectious exposures. Many labor and delivery units have instituted a policy limiting patients to one prescreened and afebrile adult visitor. At the beginning of the pandemic, many hospitals in the New York City Area were more stringent and many prohibited all visitors to delivery and postpartum units. However, the New York Department of Health issued guidelines and the governor of New York issued an executive order that reaffirmed the right of pregnant women to have an accompanying support person present during labor, delivery, and the immediate postpartum period.
Baseline Parameters for Rotational Thromboelastometry in Healthy Laboring Women: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Lee J. , Eley V.A. , Wyssusek K.H. , Kimble R.M.N. , Way M. , Coonan E. , Cohen J. , Rowell J. , van Zunderta A.A. 
Published: February 2021

(BJOG. 2020;127:820–827)
The point-of-care test used for determining whole blood coagulation data, known as rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), is used in hepatic and cardiac surgery, obstetrics, and trauma. Normal ROTEM ranges for clotting time and maximum clot firmness in pregnant, term women in labor have not been previously studied. The primary aim of this study was to establish baseline ROTEM parameters for healthy term laboring women. Furthermore, a secondary aim was to compare these results to previous studies’ reference ranges and the manufacturer’s ranges for the nonobstetric population.
Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block for the Treatment of Postdural Puncture Headache: A Randomized, Blinded, Clinical Trial
Authors: Jespersen M.S. , Jaeger P. , Ægidius K.L. , Fabritius M.L. , Duch P. , Rye I. , Afshari A. , Meyhoff C.S. 
Published: February 2021

(Br J Anaesth. 2020;124:739–747)
The epidural blood patch (EBP) has ∼75% success rate in the management of postdural puncture headache (PDPH). EBP is an invasive, painful, and resource-demanding treatment associated with a number of complications. There is evidence to suggest a topical sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPG) could be as effective as EBP at managing PDPH. This randomized blinded study aimed to investigate the effects of SPG block on pain scores and rescue procedures compared with placebo on adult patients with PDPH, fulfilling the criteria for EBP.
Safety and Efficacy of Sildenafil Citrate to Reduce Operative Birth for Intrapartum Fetal Compromise at Term: A Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Turner J. , Dunn L. , Tarnow-Mordi W. , Flatley C. , Flenady V. , Kumar S. 
Published: February 2021

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;222:401–414)
Intrapartum fetal compromise, or fetal distress, is a major cause of perinatal death and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in low- to middle-income countries, and causes 1 in 5 cases of cerebral palsy in high-income countries. The only proven interventions for intrapartum fetal compromise are emergency cesarean delivery or emergency delivery by instrumental vaginal birth, both of which carry significant risks. Sildenafil citrate increases fetal and uteroplacental blood flow and is an effective treatment for adult and newborn pulmonary hypertension. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in reducing the rate of emergency cesarean delivery or instrumental vaginal birth for intrapartum fetal distress.
Hemodynamic Changes in Women With Symptoms of Supine Hypotensive Syndrome
Authors: Humphries A. , Mirjalili S.A. , Tarr G.P. , Thompson G.M.D. , Stone P. 
Published: February 2021

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;99:631–636)
Supine hypotensive syndrome (SHS), while lacking a clear universal definition, is sometimes defined as a drop in systolic blood pressure from 15 to 30 mm Hg or an increase in heart rate of 20 bpm when in the supine position. Inadequate collateral venous circulation has been thought to explain the etiology of SHS but this has not been well-studied. This study aimed to measure blood flow in women with symptoms of SHS, in both the supine and left lateral positions with particular attention to the azygos vein, and compare these to measurements in asymptomatic women.
Classification System and Case Definitions for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnant Women, Fetuses, and Neonates
Authors: Shah P.S. , Diambomba Y. , Acharya G. , Morris S.K. , Bitnun A. 
Published: February 2021

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;99:565–568)
The vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from mother-to-fetus has been highly debated, and there are varied recommendations for testing and classifying parturients suspected of COVID-19 infection. Newborns with a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection may also pose danger to health care workers, particularly because some may not exhibit symptoms at birth. This paper examined the classification of pregnant women and neonates suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19 at the onset of labor and delivery.
Comparative Efficacy of Epidural Clonidine Versus Epidural Fentanyl for Treating Breakthrough Pain During Labor: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Lee A. , Landau R. , Lavin T. , Goodman S. , Menon P. , Smiley R. 
Published: February 2021

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2020;42:26–33)
Opioids are a common epidural adjuvant for top-up boluses with local anesthetic for labor analgesia. There has been increased interest in nonopioid options in recent years as opioid-use disorder has become more prevalent. Clonidine, a lipophilic α2-adrenergic agonist, has been used for initiation and maintenance of labor analgesia in patients with opioid tolerance but has not been studied as an adjuvant for breakthrough pain in labor. This study aimed to compare clonidine and bupivacaine to fentanyl and bupivacaine in terms of efficacy for breakthrough labor pain, hypothesizing that clonidine would be superior to fentanyl.
Prophylactic Intrathecal Morphine and Prevention of Postdural Puncture Headache: A Randomized Double-blind Trial
Authors: Peralta F.M. , Wong C.A. , Higgins N. , Toledo P. , Jones M.J. , McCarthy R.J. 
Published: February 2021

(Anesthesiology. 2020;132:1045–1052)
Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) occurs in 50% to 80% of patients who experience an unintentional dural puncture (UDP). PDPH can cause maternal morbidity and lengthen maternal hospital stay. There is no established method of preventing PDPH after UDP. One trial found epidural morphine reduced PDPH rate from 48% with placebo to 12%. There is concern that epidural morphine with a large dural tear could put patients at higher risk of respiratory depression. The use of an intrathecal catheter after UDP is common in many obstetric care centers. This study evaluated the effects of intrathecal morphine after UDP on the incidence and severity of PDPH in obstetric patients.
Intrathecal Morphine Versus Intrathecal Hydromorphone for Analgesia After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sharpe E.E. , Molitor R.J. , Arendt K.W. , Torbenson V.E. , Olsen D.A. , Johnson R.L. , Schroeder D.R. , Jacob A.K. , Niesen A.D. , Sviggum H.P. 
Published: February 2021

(Anesthesiology. 2020;132:1382–1391)
The effectiveness of intrathecal morphine for postcesarean analgesia is widely established, and is used throughout the United States and across the world. However, drug shortages have affected the supply of preservative-free morphine throughout the United States, leading to the exploration of alternative analgesic options. This study aimed to compare both the effectiveness and side effects of intrathecal morphine when compared with intrathecal hydromorphone. The authors hypothesized that equipotent doses would yield a superior result for intrathecal morphine following a 24-hour period.
Outcomes of Remediation Strategies Implemented by the Illinois Board of Nursing to Improve Program NCLEX Pass Rates: A Five-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Libner Joan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
After noting a marked decline in National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) pass rates for Illinois programs, the Illinois Board of Nursing created its remediation strategies tool based on standards of two accrediting bodies for use by programs with NCLEX pass rates of less than the state-mandated 75 percent. Five-year follow-up data demonstrated a marked decrease in number and percentage of programs with unsatisfactory results, which were consistent over time. Qualitative survey data across Illinois programs further supported the tool as a valuable resource.
Academic Factors Predicting NCLEX-RN Success
Authors: Flowers Monica , Olenick Maria , Maltseva Tatayana , Simon Sharon , Diez-Sampedro Ana , Allen Lois Ryan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This retrospective study examined the relationships among 10 academic predictors and first-time success on the NCLEX-RN in a sample of 92 bachelor of science in nursing minority and culturally diverse generic/traditional students at a large minority-serving, urban, public university. Predictors included the Test of Essential Academic Skills (overall, science, and reading), science grade point average (GPA), cumulative GPA, and scores on various standardized exams: Kaplan, HESI, and ATI. Discriminant analysis found science GPA of >3.50 and ATI B of 60 or above to be the best predictors of passing NCLEX-RN. Based on statistically significant differences between NCLEX-RN pass and fail scores, good indicators of NCLEX-RN success were scores of 50 or above on Kaplan and 950 or above on HESI. Overall, the Test of Essential Academic Skills did not predict students’ NCLEX-RN outcomes.
Best practices in benzodiazepine prescribing and management in primary care
Authors: Champion Claire , Kameg Brayden N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
Despite the lack of evidence on the long-term effectiveness of benzodiazepines and their potential harmful effects, prescriptions of the drug have significantly increased in the US over the past decade. This article reviews best practices regarding primary care benzodiazepine prescriptions and how providers can best prevent and treat benzodiazepine use disorder and other harmful effects.
Beliefs related to Pap smear intention among Jamaicans
Authors: Linton Denise 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
Globally, most women who are diagnosed with cervical cancer do not obtain regular screening with the Pap smear/test. Women in developing countries have high cervical cancer incidence and mortality. Therefore, a qualitative research study was conducted to determine the referents, and salient and control beliefs related to Pap smear/test intention among Jamaicans.
Mental health problems among youth experiencing sex trafficking
Authors: Fazio Nicole , Lynch Jenna , Devlin Maura , Kameg Brayden 
Published: February 2021

Abstract:
There are an estimated 4.8 million victims of sex trafficking (ST) globally, and 21% of these victims are children or adolescents. Victims of ST are at risk for mental health problems, and it is crucial for healthcare professionals to identify them and provide care.