bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune responses in COVID-19 respiratory tract and blood reveal mechanisms of disease severity
Authors: Zhang Wuji , Chua Brendon , Selva Kevin , Kedzierski Lukasz , Ashhurst Thomas , Haycroft Ebene , Shoffner Suzanne , Hensen Luca , Boyd David , James Fiona , Mouhtouris Effie , Kwong Jason , Chua Kyra , Drewett George , Copaescu Ana , Dobson Julie , Rowntree Louise , Habel Jennifer , Allen Lilith , Koay Hui-Fern , Neil Jessica , Gartner Matthew , Lee Christina , Andersson Patiyan , Seemann Torsten , Sherry Norelle , Amanat Fatima , Krammer Florian , Londrigan Sarah , Wakim Linda , King Nicholas , Godfrey Dale , Mackay Laura , Thomas Paul , Nicholson Suellen , Arnold Kelly , Chung Amy , Holmes Natasha , Smibert Olivia , Trubiano Jason , Gordon Claire , Nguyen Thi , Kedzierska Katherine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Although the respiratory tract is the primary site of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the ensuing immunopathology, respiratory immune responses are understudied and urgently needed to understand mechanisms underlying COVID-19 disease pathogenesis. We collected paired longitudinal blood and respiratory tract samples (endotracheal aspirate, sputum or pleural fluid) from hospitalized COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 controls. Cellular, humoral and cytokine responses were analysed and correlated with clinical data. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies were detected using ELISA and multiplex assay in both the respiratory tract and blood of COVID-19 patients, although a higher receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific IgM and IgG seroconversion level was found in respiratory specimens. SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity in respiratory samples was detected only when high levels of RBD-specific antibodies were present. Strikingly, cytokine/chemokine levels and profiles greatly differed between respiratory samples and plasma, indicating that inflammation needs to be assessed in respiratory specimens for the accurate assessment of SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology. Diverse immune cell subsets were detected in respiratory samples, albeit dominated by neutrophils. Importantly, we also showed that dexamethasone and/or remdesivir treatment did not affect humoral responses in blood of COVID-19 patients. Overall, our study unveils stark differences in innate and adaptive immune responses between respiratory samples and blood and provides important insights into effect of drug therapy on immune responses in COVID-19 patients.
Perception of Undergraduates and Postgraduates pertaining online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Cross-sectional Study amongst Sudanese Health Professional Students
Authors: Fadl Hiba Awadelkareem Osman , Hamza Abdelrahman Hamza  Abdelmoneim , Eissa Mahir Eissa  Mohamed , Osman Hadeel Idris Adam , Ali Hiba Ali Ibrahim , Mohamed Noha Abdalla Yousif 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted all aspects of life including educational services due to partial and complete lockdown. In Sudan, education is based on the traditional method of learning (face-to-face lectures) in a classroom. However, the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 made some educational institutes especially Universities and colleges resort to online learning. This study aimed to assess the Perception of Health professional students included under and postgraduates concerning the possible application of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan 2020.Methods: A Cross-Sectional study was conducted amongst Sudanese Health professional Students, included Undergraduates and postgraduates. A convenient sample collection method was used via a self-administrated online structured questionnaire of nineteen questions, which were validated by a medical education expert. The perception was assessed and data were analyzed using a statistical package for social science (SPSS).Results: A total of 133 Health Professional students responded to the web questionnaire.97 (73%) were undergraduates and 36(27%) were postgraduates. Among undergraduates, 58(59.8%) were expressing positive perception, while 39(40.2%) had a negative perception. Whereas 24 (66.7%) of Postgraduates had positive perceptions and 12(33.3%) of them expressed a negative perception about online learning.Conclusions: Postgraduate health professionals are more familiar and stating a higher level of perception compared to the undergraduates, furthermore, several students already were exposed to hybrid online learning during the current COVID-19 Pandemic. Several obstacles to the implementation of online learning in Sudan were noticed by the participating students in this study, which must be appropriately managed for the successful implantation of this mode of learning.
How (Dis)trust in Scientific Information Links Political Ideology and Reactions Toward the Coronavirus Pandemic: Associations in the U.S. and Globally
Authors: McLamore Quinnehtukqut , Syropoulos Stylianos , Leidner Bernhard , Hirschberger Gilad , Young Kevin , Zein Rizqy , Baumert Anna , Bilewicz Michal , Bilgen Arda , Bezouw Maarten van , Chatard Armand , Chekroun Peggy , Chinchilla Juana , Choi Hoon-Seok , Euh Hyun , Gomez Angel , Kardos Peter , Khoo Ying Hooi , Li Mengyao , Légal Jean-Baptiste , Loughnan Steve , Mari Silvia , Tan-Mansukhani Roseann , Muldoon Orla , Noor Masi , Paladino Maria Paola , Petrović Nebojša , Selvanathan Hema Preya , Uluğ Özden , Wohl Michael , Yeung Wai Lan Victoria 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
U.S.-based research suggests conservatism is linked with less concern about contracting coronavirus and less preventative behaviors to avoid infection. Here, we investigate whether these tendencies are partly attributable to distrust in scientific information, and evaluate whether they generalize outside the U.S., using public data and recruited representative samples across four studies (Ntotal=37,790). In Studies 1–3, we examine these relationships in the U.S., yielding converging evidence for a sequential indirect effect of conservatism on compliance through scientific (dis)trust and infection concern. In Study 4, we compare these relationships across 19 distinct countries, finding that they are strongest in North America, extend to support for lockdown restrictions, and that the indirect effects do not fully appear in any other country in our sample other than Indonesia. These effects suggest that rather than a general distrust in science, whether or not conservatism predicts coronavirus outcomes depends upon national contexts.
Assimilation of Zinc Metal Ion With Hydroxyapatite for Impedance Studies
Authors: K POOVENDRAN , Wilson K.S. Joseph 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present work is to examine the doping outcome of Zn metal ions on hydroxyapatite for different concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8). The samples for the pure and Zn doped HAp are synthesized by wet chemical precipitation method. The properties and the particle size are identified by using XRD. The functional bands of PO, CO and OH are analyzed through FTIR and the surface morphology and particle shapes are studied through SEM. The elemental analysis such as zinc, calcium and phosphates are analyzed by EDAX. All the designed elements are studied and confirm the (Ca+Zn)/PO ratio is nearly 1.67 and no other elements were identified in this study. The morphological particles of needle shape and the nanoscale particle size and shapes are studied by using TEM. The electrical conductivity of the synthesized ZnHAp ceramic is mainly related to width of the channel and the polarizability. The frequency dependence of the electric and dielectric properties was studied by using impedance spectroscopy.
CNS Imaging Characteristics in Fibromyalgia Patients With and Without Peripheral Nerve Involvement
Authors: Aster Hans-Christoph , Evdokimov Dimitar , Braun Alexandra , Üçeyler Nurcan , Kampf Thomas , Pham Mirko , Homola György , Sommer Claudia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that reduced skin innervation in fibromyalgia syndrome is associated with specific CNS changes. This prospective case-control study included 43 women diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome and 40 healthy controls. We further compared the fibromyalgia subgroups with reduced (n=21) and normal (n=22) skin innervation. Brains were analysed for cortical thickness, for white matter integrity, and for functional connectivity. Compared to controls, cortical thickness was decreased in the left pars opercularis in the fibromyalgia group as a whole, and decreased in the left superior frontal and left rostral middle frontal cortex in the fibromyalgia subgroup with reduced skin innervation. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed a significant increase in fractional anisotropy in the corona radiata, the corpus callosum, cingulum and fornix in patients with fibromyalgia compared to healthy controls. Using resting-state fMRI, the fibromyalgia group as a whole showed functional hypoconnectivity between the right midfrontal gyrus and the posterior cerebellum and the right crus cerebellum, respectively. The subgroup with reduced skin innervation showed hyperconnectivity between the right cuneal cortex and the anterior parahippocampal gyrus, between the left thalamus and the lateral parietal region in the default mode network and hypoconnectivity between the left frontal lobe and the right cerebellum crus 1. Our results suggest that the subgroup of fibromyalgia patients with pronounced pathology in the peripheral nervous system shows distinctly altered morphology, structural and functional connectivity also at the level of the brain. We propose considering these subgroups when conducting clinical trials.
Missed Nursing Care in COVID-19 Patients in Iran
Authors: Hosseini Zeinab , Reisi Leila , Maghari Amir Hossein , Karimollahi Mansoureh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesNursing care is one of the most important tasks of nursing. Providing safe and high-quality nursing care will improve the patient as soon as possible and reduces the complications of the disease. Due to the corona epidemic in the last year, nurses cannot provide all the necessary care for patients; a series of care is eliminated or delayed or reduced, which is called missed nursing care. So, this study aimed to investigate the missed nursing care and the reasons affecting it in the corona wards in Ardabil.Study designThe research is conducted in a cross-sectional manner. The research included 135 nurses who worked in Ardabil's corona wards.Data collection/extraction methodsThe Missed Nursing Care Questionnaire, was used to collect data. The significance level of statistical tests set at 0.05.Principal findingsMost of whom were women, 135 nurses participated in the study and had a bachelor's degree in nursing. Supportive and necessary care is missed more than other care; According to nurses, the most common reasons for the missed care were emergencies, low staffing, and an increase in the number of patients.ConclusionsAs a result of the findings, being in a fresh and uncertain situation, as well as an increase in the number of patients, has resulted in a loss of nursing care. By controlling these factors, the missed care in the ward can be controlled, and increase the satisfaction of patients and nurses.
Realignment of Ideal Lumbar Lordosis in Correction Surgery: A Novel Predictive Formula
Authors: Chen Kai , Yang Yilin , Wang Heng , Zhou Tianjunke , Zhai Xiao , Yang Changwei , Li Ming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Study design: Retrospective cohort studySummary of Background Data：Restoring the sagittal balance is the significant procedure, which could be evaluated by the relationship of thoracic kyphosis (TK) and lumbar lordosis (LL). Several lumbar lordosis predictive formulas have been proposed. But previous study ignored importance of reciprocal relationship between regional spinal modifications in some ways.Objectives: Realignment of the lumbar lordosis is fundamental in spinal surgery and several formulas have been established to predict the appropriate lumbar lordosis. However, the predictive accuracy of these formulas did not reach their targets. The present study introduced a novel predictive formula for realignment of lumbar lordosis in correction surgery, aiming to predict the individualized ideal lumbar lordosis for different patients.Methods: A total of 311 asymptomatic volunteers were recruited: 220 volunteers for the development of the formula, and the other 91 subjects for validation. General and radiological parameters were evaluated. Correlation analysis between maxLL and other parameters was performed. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to establish the predictive formula using variables related to maxLL. Comparison between predicated maxLL yielded by our formula and other 7 formulas and actual maxLL were conducted to determine the reliability and validity of our predictive formula.Results: MaxLL was correlated with maxTK, SS, PT and PI (all P<0.05). The adjusted multiple regression analysis showed that there were significant associations of maxLL with maxTK and PI (all P<0.001), and the formula was established as follows: maxLL=0.6*maxTK+0.5*PI+3. No significant difference was found between actual maxLL and predicted maxLL yielded by our formula (P=0.408), and our predictive formula has been demonstrated sound reliability and validity. Conclusion: MaxTK and PI were the primary contributors to maxLL, and our novel formula could be safely utilized to predict the ideal lumbar lordosis for patients before surgery.
IL-33 Induces ADAMTS5 Expression and Cell Migration in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Yildiz Dilara Akcora , Yukselten Yunus , Sunguroglu Merve , Ugur Hasan Caglar , SUNGUROGLU Asuman 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), characterized by a high rate of proliferation and migration capacity, is an incurable brain tumor in adults. Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 cytokine superfamily and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5), a family of zinc dependent metalloproteinases are known to have an essential roles in GBM migration and invasion. Previous studies have separately revealed elevated expressions of IL-33 and ADAMTS5 in GBM; however, the interaction between IL-33 and ADAMTS5 in GBM pathogenesis has remained unclear. Here, using publically available GlioVis and GEPIA programs, we showed that mRNA expression of IL-33 and ADAMTS5 is significantly high in GBM cells, and a positive correlation between IL-33 and ADAMTS5 was also determined in these cells. In parallel with the mRNA data of IL-33 and ADAMTS5, by Western blot analysis, protein levels were found to be elevated in GBM tissues and increased gradually with the disease progression. Primary GBM cells and low-grade glioma cells were then treated with IL-33 to examine its stimulating effect on ADAMTS5 expression. Exposure to IL-33 raised ADAMTS5 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, the wound healing method was performed to confirm the impact of IL-33 on migration in primary GBM cells. IL-33 promoted migration of primary GBM cells three-times higher than untreated GBM cells. Thus, the current study suggests for the first time that IL-33 might have a role in play a part in GBM progression through induction of ADAMTS5 expression and promotion of migration in GBM cells.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Transition Metal Doped Ni3N to Construct High-Efficiency Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst
Authors: Wang Meng , Lv Zepeng , Lv Xuewei , Li Qian , Dang Jie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculation indicators (ΔG, densities of state, D-band and bader charge) are commonly used to predict and analyze the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of catalysts, and most studies discuss only one or few of these indicators’ impact on catalysis, but still no report has comprehensively evaluated the influence of all these indicators on catalytic performance. Herein, foreseen by comprehensive consideration first, we report transition metal doped Ni3N nanosheets combined on Ni foam for utra-efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution. For dual transition metals doped Ni3N, Co,V-Ni3N exhibits remarkable HER performance with a significantly low overpotential of only 10 mV in alkaline electrolyte and 41 mV in alkaline seawater electrolyte at 10 mA cm− 2; while for single transition metal doped Ni3N, V-Ni3N exhibits the best performance with an overpotential of 15 mV and a Tafel slope of 37 mV dec− 1. Our work highlights the importance of comprehensive evaluation of DFT calculation indexes, and opens up a new method for the rational design of efficient and low-cost catalysts.
Mortality Rate of People Exposed To Mustard Gas During Iran-Iraq War in Sardasht, Iran: A 32 Years Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rabiee Mohammad Hasan , Ghanei Mostafa , Amini Hossein , Akhlaghi Aliasghar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:Mustard gas is one of the most widely used chemical weapons in the past century. However little information exists concerning long-term mortality due to mustard gas exposure. In this study we investigated mortality rate among civilian people exposed to mustard gas during Iran-Iraq war in sardasht in Iran after 32 years.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, data related to all people exposed to mustard gas in sardasht in 1987 were extracted from the Veterans and Martyr Affair Foundation of Iran up to March 20, 2019. Mortality rate, cumulative mortality and standardized mortality ratio with 95 % confidence interval were calculated to explain mortality in the cohort and compare it with Iranian general population. Cox regression analysis used to indicate factor affected risk of death in the cohort. Results:Out of 1,203 exposed people at the beginning of the period, 148 people died by the end of the study, with an average age of 66.42 at the time of death. Total person-years of the people up to end of the study were 38198.63 and mortality rate was equal to 387 per 100,000 persons-years. Total number of observed deaths was less than expected death and the all-cause standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 0.680. Cause-specific SMR showed that observed death due to respiratory diseases was higher than expected (SMR: 1.75). The results of univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis showed that increasing age and having severe late complication in lung increase risk of death among people in the cohort. Conclusion:In general, this result indicated that acute exposure to mustard gas, even without wearing protective clothing and masks, will not increase all-cause mortality after 32 years if accompanied by special and ongoing care for those exposed.
Molecular Characterization and Pathogenesis of the Baculovirus Anprnpv Causing Tiger Band Disease in Antheraea Proylei (Oak Tasar Silkworm)
Authors: Khajje Diksha , Devi Sinam Subharani , Jagadish Anupama , Dubey Himanshu , Sivaprasad Vankadara , Terenius Olle , Muthusamy Ponnuvel Kangayam 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The temperate oak tasar silkworm Antheraea proylei is frequently infested by tiger band disease caused by Antheraea proylei nucleopolyhedro virus (AnprNPV). The disease is characterised by dark tiger-like strips across the body of the silkworm, causing an increased mortality and poor seed cocoon recovery. The study confirms that the spread of the disease is particularly high in autumn seasons pertaining to high temperature and humidity conditions. The virus displays a higher copy number in the fatbody tissue and is also able to spread and multiply in various development stages such as egg, larvae, pupa and moth of infected A. proylei silkworms. To check the cross-infectivity of the virus on the silkworm species Antheraea pernyi, A. frithi and Samiaricini and some other lepidopteran species (Phalera raya, Hablaea peura, Pieris canidiaand P. brassicae), virus inoculum was introduced into early-stage larvae. All the silkworm species died acquiring the infection, whereas inoculation into other lepidopteran pests did not have any impact on their survival, indicating the host range of this virus was limited to the silkworm clade. The virus follows a transovum vertical transmission route where hatched larvae laid by infected mother moths were found to contain virus. The surface of eggs is identified to be the potential source of infection since poorly washed eggs displayed the presence of virus on the outer surface whereas was absent in the inner contents of the surface-washed eggs. Hence, a surface disinfection method with 0.2% sodium hypochlorite has been devised from this study that can prevent the occurrence and spread of this virus. Similarly, a PCR as well as an qRT-PCR method has been developed for detection of the virus during early stages of infection in A. proylei silkworms.
Hypertension associated with unhealthy lifestyle and marked by serum cortisol levels
Authors: Hu Chunsong , Wu Yanqing , Li Juxiang , Wang Menghong , Ge Yuzhi , Tkebuchava Tengiz , Wu Qinghua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There are more and more individuals with hypertension due to major risk factors (mRFs) related to unhealthy lifestyle. Here, we report that a new type of hypertension associates with unhealthy lifestyle and marks by serum cortisol levels, which is termed C-type hypertension (CtH). All subjects collected at random at outpatient department between 2012 and 2017, with or without family history of hypertension, with or without unhealthy “environment-sleep-emotion-exercise-diet” intervention [E(e)SEEDi] related mRFs, were screened and measured serum cortisol levels (8:00 AM and 4:00 PM) and blood pressure. Typical cases with CtH have unhealthy E(e)SEEDi related mRFs, such as stay up later or OSA (+++), psychological pressure or bad emotion, lack of physical exercise or sitting for a long time, heavy smoking and/or liquor drinking. Day serum cortisol levels (8:00 AM and 4:00 PM) in this group were significantly elevated (vs control group, P<0.01). Follow-up analysis showed that the outcomes were closely linked to these individuals’ lifestyle and adherence to treatment. In conclusion, this study suggested that there is indeed CtH. Most are young and middle-aged individuals and easy to suffer from major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).
Peripheral Lymphocyte Count, Free/Total PSA Ratio, LUTS Predict The Severity of Prostatic Inflammation in BPH Patients
Authors: Wan Shun , Sun Xiao-Hong , Lin Yong-Shuai , Du Fang-Ming , Guo Gong-Jun , Yang Zhi , Mi Jun , Fu Yu-Qiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective To study the correlation between peripheral blood lymphocytes, f/t PSA and LUTS symptoms, and prostatic inflammation in BPH patients.Materials and Methods From May 2020 to October 2020, 120 patients (aged 56-85 years) with BPH undergoing elective transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) were selected. Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts and f/t PSA values were measured preoperatively, and IPSS scores were assessed. Postoperative prostate tissues were sent for pathological examination, and the relationship between peripheral blood lymphocyte count, TPSA, f/t PSA values, relevant clinical laboratory parameters, and relevant LUTS symptoms and the distribution of prostate tissue inflammation was analyzed.Results with the aggravation of prostatic inflammation, IPSS score and TPSA value were lower, while f/t PSA value and lymphocyte count were lower. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of 120 BPH patients showed that age (> = 60) [odds ratio (OR) = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.31-2.10; P = 0.02], IPSS score [OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.13-1.37; P < 0.01], TPSA [OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.02-1.19; P = 0.02], f/t PSA [OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.01-0.15; P = 0.02], and lymphocytes [OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 0.78-3.77; P = 0.04] were related to the formation of prostatic inflammation in BPH patients. Conclusion Peripheral blood lymphocyte count, TPSA, LUTS severity, and f/t PSA ratio can predict the severity of prostatic inflammation, which may be used as diagnostic markers for BPH patients with LUTS symptoms who have prostatitis and promote the development of drug treatment for LUTS symptoms in BPH patients with prostatitis.