bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) on plasma high‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) in Cuban Americans with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Authors: Huffman Fatma G , Cooper Vanessa Y , Zarini Gustavo G. 
Published: June 2021

The relationship between GL and GI and plasma HDL‐C levels in 324 Cuban‐Americans with and without T2D were studied. Subjects were randomly recruited in Miami‐Dade and Broward Counties, FL. GL and GI values were calculated using a FFQ, physical activity was assessed using MAQ and HDL‐C levels were analyzed in fasting plasma. Analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations and linear regressions, controlling for age, gender, T2D status, BMI, waist circumference (WC), physical activity, smoking, cholesterol medication(s), protein (g) and total fat (g).There was a significant inverse correlation between both GL and GI with HDL‐C levels among subjects with T2D (r=‐.251, r= ‐.253, p<.001, respectively). After adjusting for all control variables, GL was a significant predictor of HDL‐C among Cuban Americans (B=‐.045, p=.003). There was a significant interaction between diabetes status and GI with HDL‐C (B=‐.998, p=.004). The linear regression showed that GI was a significant predictor of HDL‐C only among subjects with T2D (B= ‐.649, p=.004). Dietary GL is inversely correlated with HDL‐C independently of T2D status. GI is inversely correlated with HDL‐C levels only among T2D subjects which may explain their increased risk for CVD.
Perception of eating nuts by WIC participants from rural North Carolina
Authors: Pawlak Roman , Colby Sarah , Herring Julia 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess WIC participants' knowledge, attitudes, perceived barriers and perceived benefits associated with eating nuts.MethodsA survey was administered to 124 WIC participants. Participants were on average 28 years old and almost exclusively (96%) female. Thirty‐seven percent of the respondents were African American, 51.6% Caucasian, and 9.6% other.ResultsRespondents' had generally low knowledge (average 20% out of 100%) of the health benefits of nuts. Only about one forth of participants were aware that nuts may help reduce diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. However, 78% correctly identified nuts as a good source of omega‐3 fatty acids. More than one third believed that eating nuts will cause weight gain. The statement "I would eat nuts on most days of a week if my doctor recommended me to do so" received the strongest agreement score (2.11), whereas the statement "I would eat nuts on most days of the week if they were lower in calories" received the strongest disagreement mean score (3.74). Other factors identified as influencing intake included affordability, and seeking nutrient and fiber.ConclusionWIC participants' knowledge of the health effects of nuts is low highlighting an opportunity to educate on the benefits of nut consumption.
Worksite wellness health benefits are sustained after one year
Authors: Allen Jorie C , Tagliaferro Anthony R , Janson‐Sand Colette H , Ronan Anne M 
Published: June 2021

Results of our earlier study suggested that worksite health interventions can identify and modify risk factors for type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease. After screening and monthly lifestyle education, BMI, Total Cholesterol, and Triglycerides were improved from Baseline in the Experimental (E) group (p = 0.05, p = 0.003, p= 0.013 respectively) with no improved measures in the Control (C) group. In addition, mean MetS risk factors increased in C (p = 0.013) and decreased in E (p= 0.04). Because it is not clear if positive effects are sustained, the present study was a 1 yr follow‐up. Subjects (23 C, 20 E) were screened at 12 and 24 months. All subjects were given test results and sent quarterly health newsletters. Lifestyle classes for the E group were held quarterly. Fasting glucose and blood lipids were measured by fingerstick. Blood pressure, height, weight, body composition and waist circumference were measured by standard protocol. No statistical differences in any measure from 12 months were seen at 24 months in E or C groups. In summary, risk factors in the C group remained unchanged and the improvement in risk factors in the E group was sustained in the follow‐up year. Taken together, these findings suggest that worksite health interventions are effective in reducing health risks and remain so over time.Sponsored by UNH Office for Research & Outreach Scholarship and UNHCE.
Gene‐diet interactions and serum α‐tocopherol concentrations
Authors: Garofalo Francesca , Cahill Leah , El‐Sohemy Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Inter‐individual differences in serum α‐tocopherol (α‐toc) concentrations may be due, in part, to genetic variations in α‐toc metabolism. The objective was to determine whether common polymorphisms in the α‐tocopherol transfer protein (α‐TTP) (rs6994076, T>A) and tocopherol associated protein (TAP) (rs2072157, C>T) genes influence serum α‐toc concentrations or modify the association between dietary and serum α‐toc. Subjects (n=449) between the ages of 20 and 29 years completed a food frequency questionnaire and provided a fasting blood sample for genotyping and measuring serum α‐toc by HPLC. Differences in serum α‐toc were observed between α‐TTP genotypes (p=0.03), but only when supplement users were excluded. No differences in serum α‐toc were observed between TAP genotypes. No significant interactions were observed between dietary α‐toc and either α‐TTP or TAP genotype on serum α‐toc, regardless of supplement use. When supplement users were included, the correlation co‐efficient (P‐value) between dietary and serum α‐toc for the TAP C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes was 0.24 (0.002), 0.20 (0.006) and 0.45 (0.002), respectively. When supplement users were excluded, the corresponding correlations were 0.05 (0.57), 0.12 (0.18) and 0.53 (0.003). These findings suggest that α‐TTP may influence fasting serum α‐toc concentrations and TAP may modify the strength of the association between diet and serum α‐toc.Grant Funding SourceAdvanced Foods and Material Network
Dietary Vitamin A Supplementation Decreases Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases in Mice
Authors: Griffin Jennifer , Park Eun Young , Lane Michelle A 
Published: June 2021

Previously, we showed that retinol inhibited all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA)‐resistant human colon cancer cell invasion via a retinoic acid receptor‐independent mechanism in vitro. The objective of the current study was to determine if dietary retinol inhibited the metastasis of ATRA‐resistant colon cancer cells in a nude mouse xenograft model. Ninety female nude mice (BALB/cAnNCr‐nu/nu) aged 6 to 8 weeks old were intrasplenically injected with 2 x 106 wild type HCT‐116 ATRA‐resistant human colon cancer cells. Purified AIN‐76 rodent diet was consumed pre‐injection. Immediately following injection the mice were randomly assigned to diets containing 2,400 (control), 12,000, 25,000, 50,000, 100,000 or 200,000 IU vitamin A/kg diet as retinyl palmitate. These diets provided 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80X the daily vitamin A requirement of mice. The mice consumed these diets for five weeks prior to sacrifice. Livers and spleens were excised at the time of sacrifice and examined for the presence of primary tumors (spleen) or metastases (liver). Consumption of diets containing 50,000, 100,000, or 200,000 IU vitamin A/kg diet resulted in a decrease in tumor incidence to 72.6%, 72.6%, and 45.2%, respectively, of control. Thus, supplemental dietary vitamin A may be an effective chemotherapeutic agent to decrease the hepatic metastasis of colon cancer.Grant Funding SourceNIH grant # 5 R21 CA120414‐02 to M.L.
Calcium absorption, retention and bone calcium content are enhanced by different fibers in male Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Martin Berdine R , Lachcik Pam , Story Jon , Weaver Connie 
Published: June 2021

Resistant starches and other fibers may be good candidates as enhancers of calcium absorption. This study investigated the effect of 8 fibers on calcium absorption and retention in rats fed a nutritionally adequate diet. Four week old male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to a diet containing cellulose (control) or 1 of 8 different fibers: PROMITOR(tm) resistant starch 60 (RS60), resistant starch 75(RS75), soluble fiber dextrin(SFD), pullulan, PROMITOR(tm) soluble corn fiber(SCF), Sta‐Lite® poly‐dextrose(PDX), inulin, or inulin/FOS blend. At the end of a 12 week feeding period rats received DXA scans to measure bone density. Mineral balance was measured in metabolic cages for 3 days. At the end of the experiment rats received a test meal containing approximately one‐fourth of their daily intake labeled with 45Ca Cl2 . Calcium absorption was measured by femur uptake. Femurs, tibias, cecal and colon contents were harvested at the time of sacrifice. Bone mineral composition, density and cecal short chain fatty acid contents were analyzed. Femur calcium uptake was enhanced by inulin/FOS. Femur calcium concentration was significantly higher with RS60, RS75, inulin, SFD and PDX. All fibers tested formed greater quantities of cecal short chain fatty acids. However, those significantly different from control included SFD, pullulan, SCF, PDX, inulin and inulin/FOS.Sponsored by Tate and Lyle Health and Nutrition Sciences.
Knowledge of Family History of Coronary Heart Disease, Medical Insurance and Annual Visitations to Healthcare Professionals among individuals of African Ancestry
Authors: Davis Errol , Huffman Fatma 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the differences in knowledge of family history of CHD (KFHCHD), medical insurance coverage (MIC) and annual visitations to a healthcare professional (HCP) in Foreign‐born Afro Caribbeans (FBAC: 31 males; 35 females) living in the US for less than 10 years, US‐born Afro Caribbean Americans (USBACA: 30 males; 32 females) and African Americans (AA: 30 males; 31 females) ages 18‐40 years in a cross‐sectional analysis. Socio‐demographic data were collected and analyzed.ResultsMore FBAC than USBACA and AA participants (39.4% vs. 25.8% and 31.1%) had KFHCHD. More FBAC than USBAC and AA participants had MIC (71.2% vs. 69.4% and 67.2%) whereas, more FBAC and USBACA than AA participants (80.3% and 85.5% vs. 73.8%) reported visiting a HCP during the past year.ConclusionsOur study showed that there are differences in KFHCHD, MIC and annual visitations to HCPs among individuals of African decent. Knowledge of CHD risk factors and MIC are important tools in changing behavior towards health. However, to affect lasting behavioral change, the dissemination of nutrition information should be culturally appropriate.
Metabolic profiling reveals diverse effects of sulfur amino acid deficiency
Authors: Johnson Jennifer M. , Yu Tianwei , Strobel Fredrick H. , Ziegler Thomas R. , Jones Dean P. 
Published: June 2021

Previous data using bioinformatics show the ability to predict sulfur amino acid (SAA) intake without directly measuring any SAA metabolites. The purpose of this study is to use metabolic profiling to determine the metabolites that significantly change with dietary SAA. 10 healthy subjects were fed a semi‐synthetic, chemically defined diet containing no SAA for 5 days and then the same diet including SAA for 5 more days. Plasma was collected after the meal on the first and last day of each study period and analyzed using a mass spectrometry metabolomics profiling method. The results reveal that 1% of the detected metabolic profile (2,570 features) varies significantly with SAA intake. As expected, methionine and cysteine increase significantly when SAA is in the diet. No significant changes in any other known SAA metabolites were observed; however, 3 unknown sulfur containing metabolites differed significantly with dietary SAA. 2 of these unknowns were significantly decreased with adequate dietary SAA, suggesting an uncharacterized metabolic pathway that is upregulated in times of SAA deficiency. 16 non‐sulfur containing metabolites were altered significantly by dietary SAA, showing the wide ranging effects SAA have on metabolism. This study demonstrates a use for metabolic profiling techniques to better understand the effects of SAA deficiency on metabolism.Funding: NIH ES012870, DK066008, ES012929Grant Funding SourceT32‐ES012870
Evidence for enhanced transsulphuration (TS) as a mechanism underlying lower hyperhomocysteinemia in patients undergoing home nocturnal hemodialysis (HNHD)
Authors: Martincevic Inez , Goldstein M , McFarlane P , House JD , Pencharz PB , Pierratos A , Darling PB 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesElevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) >12μmol/L, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is prevalent (>85%) in patients undergoing standard hemodialysis (SHD). The current study was conducted to determine if lower tHcy associated with longer, more frequent dialysis (HNHD) is a function of dialysate HCY losses and/or enhanced HCY metabolism through the TS pathway (cysteine (Cys) and sulphate production).MethodsA cross‐sectional study including patients (n=33) on SHD (4 h, 3 days/wk), in‐centre nocturnal hemodialysis (INHD) (6‐8 h, 3 nights/wk) and HNHD (6‐8 h, 5‐7 nights/wk). Blood and dialysate were collected during a mid‐week dialysis session.ConclusionsThese data suggest that increased dialysate removal of Hcy alone does not explain lower plasma tHcy in HNHD. Rather, increased clearance of sulfate and cysteine may allow increased TS in patients on HNHD. Supported by Kidney Foundation of Canada
Accumulation of chromium and histological findings on Hybro chickens kidneys treated with Cr(VI) and vitamin C
Authors: Bajraktari Ismet Dervish , Gashi Agim Maliq , Halili Fetah Murtez , Sopa Ramadan , Bislimi Kemajl , Fetahu Shukri 
Published: June 2021

It was investigated the effect of both the C vitamin and Cr (VI) on bioaccumulation of Cr in the hystological findings on Hybro chickens kidneys. The chickens were divided into 5 groups (I‐V), each with 10 individulas. The first, was controll group, whereas other groups were treated for 180 days orally with different concentration levels of Cr (VI) and C vitamin (10 mg dose/kg b.w). Preparation of tissues for pathology microscopy was carried out according to standard procedures, whereas staining was done with hematoxylin‐eosin. The concentration of Cr in kidneys was measured with atomic absorbtion spectroscopy (AAS) and UNICAM 929‐AA. spectrometerThe results of our investigation have shown the occurence of little hystopathological changes on glomerule, intersticiel section and on blood vessels: Hydropic expansion and epithels desquamination of proximal tubules, vacoulization of cytoplasm, dylatation of distal tubules, expansion of subcapsular area of some glomerules, and a source of extravasate erythrocites in subcapsular area. Our findigs show that there were not any protective function of C vitamin with the dosage we have applied. C vitamin combined with Cr (VI) has significantly increased the bio‐accumulation of Cr in noted kidneys (ppm., FW) compared with control group chickens and those treated with only Cr (VI).
RADON AND HEMOGRAM OF THE TWO SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS IN SUHAREKA – KOSOVA
Authors: Halili Fetah Murtez , Bajraktari Ismet Dervish , Gashi Agim Maliq , Bahtijari Meleq , Troni Naser , Bislimi Kemajl 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this investigation is the relationship of the radon concentration in closed area (classrooms) in two secondary schools of Suhareka Municipality and eventual consequences of ionizing radiation in the hemogram of secondary school students (N=50) that attend in these schools.The measurement of radon concentration was made with alpha stimulating method using portable apparatus PRM‐145 and the CR‐39 detector of trace, that was developed in the "Josef Stefan" Institute in Lublana. Radon concentration in air depended on the season and classroom floors in school buildings. In the air of classrooms that are located on the basement , radon (222Rn) concentration moved from 340 ‐ 410 Bq/m3, but in the classroom of other floors 30 ‐ 92 Bq/m3 . Hemogram was analyzed by automatic apparatus ABX micros 60 Haematology. Results of the investigation of school students of classrooms with high level of concentration of radon show the increased number of trombocytes and significant decrease in the number of leucocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobine concentration and hematocrite value in comparison with school students that study in classrooms with low radon concentration. Differential analysis of leucocytes shows a significant increase of lymphocytes and decrease of granulocytes compared with control. This investigation also shows that number differences in peripheral blood cells are important biological indicators on the consequences of ionizing radiation.
Intraventricular Meningioma and Post surgical Cystic Encephalomalacia : a Case Report
Authors: Kurukumbi Mohankumar , Nasim Mansoor , Hussain Dulara , Weir Roger , Jayam‐Trouth Annapurni 
Published: June 2021

Primary intraventricular meningiomas are notably rare with an incidence of 0.5 to 3% among all intracranial meningiomas. We present an interesting case of intraventricular meningioma.43 year African‐American female with a worsening headache for 2 months, on MR Imaging showed enhancing mass in the right posterior horn and atrium of the right lateral ventricle. Post surgical specimen showed the presence of meningoepithelial cells in whorly pattern, psammoma bodies, positive histochemistry for S‐ 100 and progesterone receptors. Low grade meningioma was diagnosed. Post surgical MR Imaging showed compensatory dilatation of the right temporal horn cystic encephalomalacia and right posterior horn porencephaly. She remained asymptomatic at six months and one year follow up visits. CT imaging with contrast showed no recurrence of the tumor.Histologically and radiologically, intraventricular meningiomas behave similar to the parenchymal meningioma. Cystic encephalomalacia and porencephaly that are noted in our case are very rare post surgical complications. It is noteworthy to report this case because of the interesting features observed as well as the rarity of occurrence.
Blockade of LTB4 binding to its receptor, BLT‐2, inhibits Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg (HRS) cell growth in‐vitro
Authors: Lim Yaw‐Chyn , Lim Joe Thuan , Tan Luke , Al‐Salam Suhail , Chong Siew Meng 
Published: June 2021

Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by the minority presence of HRS cells amongst a heavy infiltrate of inflammatory cells. HRS cells produce a variety of cytokines and chemokines that modulate the inflammatory background.Membrane phospholipids are metabolized to proinflammatory mediators via the cyclooxygenase (COX) or lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways. Many of these eicosanoids act as autocrine and paracrine regulators of physiological cell functions and of tumor cell growth and survival. While COX2 expression has been associated with the pathogenesis of cHL, little is known about the expression of 5‐LOX or its product, LTB4, in HRS cells.This study examines 5‐LOX and LTB4 expression in cHL and their roles in HRS cell survival. Patient samples were stained for LTB4 and its receptors, BLT1 and BLT2; COX2 and 5‐LOX expression. Cultured HRS cell‐lines were serum starved and treated with LTB4 receptor antagonists for 72 hrs and cell viability assessed.Analysis revealed moderate to strong expression of COX2, 5‐LOX, LTB4, BLT1 and BLT2 on HRS cells. HRS cells also upregulated LTB4 receptor expression in response to serum starvation in‐vitro. Treatment of HRS cells with LTB4 receptor antagonists induced significant HRS cell death as compared to vehicle‐treated controls. Our data support the hypothesis that LTB4 may be an important autocrine survival factor for HRS cells.
Evaluation of pain‐depressed behaviors in preclinical assays of pain and analgesia: Osteoarthritis‐depressed wheel running in rats
Authors: Cormier Jim , Dunbar Catherine , Benoit Laura , Morin Kathryn , Bilsky Edward J , Stevenson Glenn W 
Published: June 2021

Pain stimulates some behaviors (e.g. withdrawal responses) and depresses other behaviors (feeding, locomotion). We are developing methods for testing candidate analgesics using measurements of pain‐depressed behaviors. Such assays may model important aspects of clinical pain and complement traditional assays that measure pain‐stimulated behaviors. We have previously shown that both feeding and open‐field locomotor activity can be reliably suppressed by a sub‐acute noxious stimulus (i.p. injection of acetic acid). The present study extended these findings by assessing the effects of a chronic pain manipulation (monosodium iodoacetate‐induced osteoarthritis) on wheel running in rats. Rats had 24hr voluntary access to running wheels for seven consecutive days. On day eight, rats were given intra‐articular MIA (.32‐3.2mg) into the left hind knee. Wheel running was monitored for 21 consecutive days following MIA administration. MIA produced a concentration‐dependent and prolonged decrease in running wheel activity. Parallel experiments demonstrated that MIA produced equi‐potent and concentration‐dependent tactile allodynia and shifts in hind‐limb weight‐bearing. Studies are currently underway to determine the efficacy and potency of morphine to (1) restore MIA‐depressed wheel running, (2) reverse MIA‐induced tactile allodynia, and (3) restore normal posture.Funded by NIAMS/NIH grant R15 AR054975‐01 (GWS)
Characterization of sodium‐dependent monocarboxylate transporter‐1 (SMCT1)‐mediated GHB transport in FRTL‐5 cells
Authors: Felmlee Melanie Ann , Cui Dapeng , Morris Marilyn E. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo characterize γ‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) uptake kinetics in Rat Thyroid Follicular (FRTL‐5) cells, which express the Na+‐dependent monocarboxylate (SMCT1) transporter.MethodsSMCT1 expression and GHB uptake kinetics were analyzed in FRTL‐5 cells. Transport was evaluated with respect to Na+, pH, concentration and inhibitors.ResultsAt pH 7.4, Na+‐dependent GHB uptake could be described with a simple Michaelis‐Menten equation (Km, 0.77 ± 0.41 mM; Vmax, 3.59 ± 2.0 nmol/mg/min) suggesting a single transporter‐mediated uptake process. GHB uptake was not altered at different pH values (5.5 ‐ 7.4) in the presence of Na+, but was significantly increased at low pH in the absence of Na+, suggesting an additional uptake pathway. Na+‐dependent GHB uptake was inhibited by MCT substrates (D‐lactate, L‐lactate, pyruvate and butyrate), NSAIDs (ibuprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen) and probenecid. IC50 values for L‐lactate, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and probenecid were 106.7, 31.6, 64.4 and 379 uM, respectively. All four inhibitors also inhibited GHB uptake in ratMCT1 transfected MDA/MB231 cells, suggesting they also inhibit proton‐dependent MCT1.ConclusionsThe present study characterized Na+‐dependent GHB transport in FRTL‐5 cells and furthers our understanding of the roles of Na+‐ and proton‐dependent MCTs in GHB disposition.SupportNIH grant DA023223 and a fellowship for MAF from Pfizer Inc.