bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical characterization and properties of laser-based powder bed–fused lattice structures: a review
Authors: Riva Leonardo , Ginestra Paola Serena , Ceretti Elisabetta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe increasing demand for a wider access to additive manufacturing technologies is driving the production of metal lattice structure with powder bed fusion techniques, especially laser-based powder bed fusion. Lattice structures are porous structures formed by a controlled repetition in space of a designed base unit cell. The tailored porosity, the low weight, and the tunable mechanical properties make the lattice structures suitable for applications in fields like aerospace, automotive, and biomedicine. Due to their wide-spectrum applications, the mechanical characterization of lattice structures is mostly carried out under compression tests, but recently, tensile, bending, and fatigue tests have been carried out demonstrating the increasing interest in these structures developed by academy and industry. Although their physical and mechanical properties have been extensively studied in recent years, there still are no specific standards for their characterization. In the absence of definite standards, this work aims to collect the parameters used by recent researches for the mechanical characterization of metal lattice structures. By doing so, it provides a comparison guide within tests already carried out, allowing the choice of optimal parameters to researchers before testing lattice samples. For every mechanical test, a detailed review of the process design, test parameters, and output is given, suggesting that a specific standard would enhance the collaboration between all the stakeholders and enable an acceleration of the translation process.
Neurotoxicity and underlying cellular changes of 21 mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors
Authors: Delp Johannes , Cediel-Ulloa Andrea , Suciu Ilinca , Kranaster Petra , van Vugt-Lussenburg Barbara MA , Munic Kos Vesna , van der Stel Wanda , Carta Giada , Bennekou Susanne Hougaard , Jennings Paul , van de Water Bob , Forsby Anna , Leist Marcel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInhibition of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (cI) by rotenone and methyl-phenylpyridinium (MPP +) leads to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in man and rodents. To formally describe this mechanism of toxicity, an adverse outcome pathway (AOP:3) has been developed that implies that any inhibitor of cI, or possibly of other parts of the respiratory chain, would have the potential to trigger parkinsonian motor deficits. We used here 21 pesticides, all of which are described in the literature as mitochondrial inhibitors, to study the general applicability of AOP:3 or of in vitro assays that are assessing its activation. Five cI, three complex II (cII), and five complex III (cIII) inhibitors were characterized in detail in human dopaminergic neuronal cell cultures. The NeuriTox assay, examining neurite damage in LUHMES cells, was used as in vitro proxy of the adverse outcome (AO), i.e., of dopaminergic neurodegeneration. This test provided data on whether test compounds were unspecific cytotoxicants or specifically neurotoxic, and it yielded potency data with respect to neurite degeneration. The pesticide panel was also examined in assays for the sequential key events (KE) leading to the AO, i.e., mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibition, mitochondrial dysfunction, and disturbed proteostasis. Data from KE assays were compared to the NeuriTox data (AO). The cII-inhibitory pesticides tested here did not appear to trigger the AOP:3 at all. Some of the cI/cIII inhibitors showed a consistent AOP activation response in all assays, while others did not. In general, there was a clear hierarchy of assay sensitivity: changes of gene expression (biomarker of neuronal stress) correlated well with NeuriTox data; mitochondrial failure (measured both by a mitochondrial membrane potential-sensitive dye and a respirometric assay) was about 10–260 times more sensitive than neurite damage (AO); cI/cIII activity was sometimes affected at > 1000 times lower concentrations than the neurites. These data suggest that the use of AOP:3 for hazard assessment has a number of caveats: (i) specific parkinsonian neurodegeneration cannot be easily predicted from assays of mitochondrial dysfunction; (ii) deriving a point-of-departure for risk assessment from early KE assays may overestimate toxicant potency.
Inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique in eyes with large idiopathic full-thickness macular hole: long-term functional and morphological outcomes
Authors: Bleidißel Nathalie , Friedrich Julia , Klaas Julian , Feucht Nikolaus , Lohmann Chris Patrick , Maier Mathias 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate morphological and functional outcomes of the inverted internal limiting membrane (I-ILM) flap technique in large (≥ 400 μm) idiopathic full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) over a follow-up period of 12 months.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 55 eyes of 54 consecutive patients were enrolled. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT, Heidelberg, Spectralis) were performed preoperatively as well as 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. Special focus was put on the reintegration of outer retinal layers and the different ILM flap appearances.

Results
FTMH closure rate was 100% (55/55). BCVA significantly improved over the follow-up period of 12 months from 0.98 ± 0.38 LogMAR preoperatively to 0.42 ± 0.33 LogMAR at 12 months postoperatively (p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the three different ILM flap appearances and BCVA. Better preoperative BCVA, complete restoration of the external limiting membrane (ELM), higher macular hole index (MHI), and smaller MH base diameter were associated with higher improvement of BCVA.

Conclusion
Our study highlights the favorable morphological and functional outcomes of the I-ILM flap technique in the short as well as in the long term. While complete ELM restoration revealed to be an important factor for improvement in BCVA, the different postoperative ILM flap appearances seem not to be related to BCVA.
Emotion and expertise: how listeners with formal music training use cues to perceive emotion
Authors: Battcock Aimee , Schutz Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough studies of musical emotion often focus on the role of the composer and performer, the communicative process is also influenced by the listener’s musical background or experience. Given the equivocal nature of evidence regarding the effects of musical training, the role of listener expertise in conveyed musical emotion remains opaque. Here we examine emotional responses of musically trained listeners across two experiments using (1) eight measure excerpts, (2) musically resolved excerpts and compare them to responses collected from untrained listeners in Battcock and Schutz (2019). In each experiment 30 participants with six or more years of music training rated perceived emotion for 48 excerpts from Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier (WTC) using scales of valence and arousal. Models of listener ratings predict more variance in trained vs. untrained listeners across both experiments. More importantly however, we observe a shift in cue weights related to training. Using commonality analysis and Fischer Z score comparisons as well as margin of error calculations, we show that timing and mode affect untrained listeners equally, whereas mode plays a significantly stronger role than timing for trained listeners. This is not to say the emotional messages are less well recognized by untrained listeners—simply that training appears to shift the relative weight of cues used in making evaluations. These results clarify music training’s potential impact on the specific effects of cues in conveying musical emotion.
Neurointensive care results and risk factors for unfavorable outcome in aneurysmatic SAH: a comparison of two age groups
Authors: Välimäki Vilja , Luostarinen Teemu , Satopää Jarno , Raj Rahul , Virta Jyri J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The mean age of actively treated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients is increasing. We aimed to compare outcomes and prognostic factors between older and younger SAH patients.

Methods
A retrospective single-center analysis of aneurysmal SAH patients admitted to a neuro-ICU during 2014–2019. We defined older patients as ≥70 years and younger patients as <70 years. For every older patient, we identified three younger patients with the same World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grade. We only included patients receiving active aneurysm treatment. Favorable functional outcome, defined as a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) of 4–5 at 12 months, was our primary outcome. We used logistic regression to compare prognostic factors between the groups.

Results
Ninety-five (85%) of 112 older patients and 317 (94%) of 336 younger patients received aneurysm treatment. Of the younger patients, 91% with a good-grade SAH (WFNS I-III) had a favorable outcome compared to 52% in the older good-grade SAH group. In poor-grade patients (WFNS IV-V), favorable outcome was seen in 51% of younger patients, compared to 24% of older patients. Acute hydrocephalus and intracerebral hemorrhage were associated with unfavorable outcome in the younger (OR 4.7, 95% CI 2.6–8.4, and OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.1–6.4), but not in the older patients (OR 1.8, 95% CI 0.8–4.2, and OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.5–3.1, respectively).

Conclusions
In actively treated SAH patients, age was a major determinant of outcome. Factors reflecting increases in intracranial pressure associated with outcome only among younger patients.
A formal approach to finding inconsistencies in a metamodel
Authors: Wu Hao , Farrell Marie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChecking the consistency of a metamodel involves finding a valid metamodel instance that provably meets the set of constraints that are defined over the metamodel. These constraints are often specified in Object Constraint Language. Often, a metamodel is inconsistent due to conflicts among the constraints. Existing approaches and tools are typically incapable of pinpointing the conflicting constraints, and this makes it difficult for users to debug and fix their metamodels. In this paper, we present a formal approach for locating conflicting constraints in inconsistent metamodels. Our approach has four distinct features: (1) users can rank individual metamodel features using their own domain-specific knowledge, (2) we transform these ranked features to a weighted maximum satisfiability modulo theories problem and solve it to compute the set of maximum achievable features, (3) we pinpoint the conflicting constraints by solving the set cover problem using a novel algorithm, and (4) we have implemented our approach into a fully automated tool called MaxUSE. Our evaluation results, using our assembled set of benchmarks, demonstrate the scalability of our work and that it is capable of efficiently finding conflicting constraints.
Social relationships as predictors of extended employment beyond the pensionable age: a cohort study
Authors: Kauppi M. , Prakash K. C. , Virtanen M. , Pentti J. , Aalto V. , Oksanen T. , Kivimäki M. , Vahtera J. , Stenholm S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim is to examine whether characteristics of social relationships predict extended employment beyond the pensionable age among Finnish public sector workers. The study population consisted of 4014 participants (83% women, age 62.56 ± 1.21) of the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study followed between 2014 and 2019. Extended employment was defined as the difference between actual retirement date and individual age-related pensionable date and classified into three groups: no extension (retired on pensionable age or extended by < 3 months), short extension (3 months–< 1 year), and long extension (≥ 1 year) beyond the pensionable date. Characteristics of social relationships and engagement were assessed 18 months prior to the pensionable date. Social engagement was classified into consumptive social participation, formal social participation, informal social participation, and other social participation. Data were analyzed using multinomial regression analysis. Of total study participants, 17.8% belonged to short- and 16.5% belonged to long-extension group. Adjusted for age, occupational status, self-rated health and depression, and having a working spouse (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.39–3.95) were associated with long extension of employment beyond the pensionable age when compared to no extension among men. Likewise, among women, living alone (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.28–2.00), having a working spouse (1.85, 1.39–2.45), and high consumptive (1.32, 1.07–1.65), high formal (1.47, 1.17–1.85), and other social participation (0.79, 0.63–0.98) were associated with long extension. Having a working spouse, living alone, and high consumptive social participation were associated with short extension. Several characteristics of social relationships, such as having a working spouse, living alone, and high frequency of social engagement, predicted an extension of employment beyond the pensionable age.
Development of an Intervention Aimed at Increasing Awareness and Acknowledgement of Victimisation and Its Consequences Among People with Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Albers Wendy M. M. , Nijssen Yolanda A. M. , Roeg Diana P. K. , Bongers Inge M. B. , van Weeghel Jaap 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIndividuals with severe mental illness have a significant risk of (anticipated) discrimination and (criminal) victimisation, which is not structurally and systematically addressed by mental health practitioners. The aim of this study was to develop and pilot an intervention which supports professionals to address victimisation and its consequences, in order to reinforce safe social participation and improve recovery. Following the rehabilitation and positive risk management literature, in addition to current practice, intervention components were developed in two focus groups and four subsequent expert meetings. The intervention was piloted in two outpatient teams before being finalised. The Victoria intervention includes positive risk management, focusing on clients’ narratives and strengths, and awareness of unsafe (home) environments: it comprises four steps: exploring issues with social participation, analysing victimisation experiences, clarifying the context of these experiences, and determining future steps, including victimisation-sensitive rehabilitation planning and optional trauma treatment. Future research should further test this intervention.
Transition radiation in a nonlinear and infinite one-dimensional structure: a comparison of solution methods
Authors: Fărăgău Andrei B. , Keijdener Chris , de Oliveira Barbosa João M. , Metrikine Andrei V. , van Dalen Karel N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTransition zones in railway tracks are locations with a significant variation of track properties (i.e. foundation stiffness) encountered near structures such as bridges and tunnels. Due to strong amplification of the track’s response, transition zones are prone to rapid degradation. To investigate the degradation mechanisms in transition zones, researchers have developed a multitude of models, some of them being very complex. This study compares three solution methods, namely an integral-transform method, a time-domain method, and a hybrid method, with the goal of solving these systems efficiently. The methods are compared in terms of accuracy, computational efficiency, and feasibility of application to more complex systems. The model employed in this paper consists of an infinite, inhomogeneous, and piecewise-linear 1-D structure subjected to a moving constant load. Although the 1-D model is not particularly demanding computationally, it is used to make qualitative observations as to which method is most suitable for the 2-D and 3-D models, which could lead to significant gains. Results show that all three methods can reach similar accuracy levels, and in doing so, the time-domain method is most computationally efficient. The integral-transform method appears to be efficient in dealing with frequency-dependent parameters, while the time-domain and hybrid methods are efficient in dealing with a smooth nonlinearity. For multi-dimensional models, if nonlinearities and inhomogeneities are considered throughout the depth, the time-domain method is likely to be most efficient; however, if nonlinearities and inhomogeneities are limited to the surface layers, the integral-transform and hybrid methods have the potential to be more efficient than the time-domain one. Finally, although the 1-D model presented in this study is mainly used to assess the three methods, it can also be used for preliminary designs of transition zones in railway tracks.
Broad bracketing for low probability events
Authors: Chaudhry Shereen J. , Hand Michael , Kunreuther Howard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIndividuals tend to underprepare for rare, catastrophic events because of biases in risk perception. A simple form of broad bracketing—presenting the cumulative probability of loss over a longer time horizon—has the potential to alleviate these barriers to accurate risk perception and increase protective actions such as purchasing flood insurance. However, it is an open question whether broad bracketing effects last over time: There is evidence that descriptive probability information is ignored when decisions are based on “experience” (repeatedly and in the face of feedback), which characterizes many protective decisions. Across six incentive-compatible experiments with high stakes, we find that the broad bracketing effect doesnotdisappear or change size when decisions are made from experience. We also advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying broad bracketing, finding that, while cumulative probability size is a strong driver of the effect, this is dampened for larger brackets leading people to be less sensitive to probability size.
Oxylipins at intermediate larval stages of damselfly Coenagrion hastulatum as biochemical biomarkers for anthropogenic pollution
Authors: Späth Jana , Brodin Tomas , Cerveny Daniel , Lindberg Richard , Fick Jerker , Nording Malin L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAquatic pollution resulting from anthropogenic activities requires adequate environmental monitoring strategies in sentinel organisms. Thus, biochemical biomarkers have been used as early-warning tools of biological effects in aquatic organisms. However, before using these markers for environmental monitoring, knowledge about their developmental variation is vital. In this study, we assessed baseline levels and developmental variations of a group of potential biomarkers, oxylipins, during the lifespan of the Northern damselfly (Coenagrion hastulatum) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Effects of wastewater exposure on baseline levels were studied in a subset of damselflies to investigate the responsiveness due to anthropogenic pollution. Thirty-eight oxylipins deriving from four polyunsaturated fatty acids via two enzymatic pathways were detected in damselflies at three larval stages and in the adult form. Overall, oxylipin baseline levels showed developmental variation, which was lowest in the intermediate larval stages. Effects of exposure to wastewater effluent on oxylipin baseline levels were dependent on the life stage and were greatest in the early and intermediate larval stages. The study provides first insights into oxylipin profiles of damselflies at different stages of development and their developmental variation. Based on our results, we propose further strategies for incorporating oxylipins in damselfly larvae as biochemical markers for anthropogenic pollution.
Graphical abstract
Zusammenhänge zwischen verhaltensbezogenen und somatischen Facetten von Resilienz bei Arbeitnehmern/-innen der Automobilzuliefererindustrie
Authors: Friederichs Edgar , Kärner Tobias , Schellinger Bianca , Sembill Detlef 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielstellungAusgehend von einem mittels Selbstauskunft erfassten Resilienzkonstrukt, welches die Verhaltensweisen beschreibt, (1) dynamisch Veränderungen gestalten zu können, (2) flexibel auf Erfordernisse reagieren zu können sowie (3) sich angemessen von den Erwartungen anderer abgrenzen zu können, setzt sich der Beitrag das Ziel, Zusammenhänge mit kardialen Indikatoren des autonomen Nervensystems (ANS) zu ermitteln.MethodikWir greifen auf Daten von insgesamt 150 Mitarbeiter/-innen (MA) eines deutschen Industrieunternehmens zurück, von welchen sowohl entsprechende Selbstauskunftsdaten als auch Messdaten der Aktivität des ANS erfasst wurden.ErgebnisseIn den Ergebnissen zeigen sich signifikante Korrelationen der Resilienzfacette „Dynamik“ mit parasympathischen Messparametern des ANS. Weiterhin zeigt sich, dass die Facette „Dynamik“ in signifikant negativem Zusammenhang mit verschiedenen Skalen des „Trierer Inventars zum chronischen Stress“ steht. Ältere MA weisen bei der Facette „Dynamik“ verglichen mit jüngeren MA tendenziell geringere Werte auf. MA, welche eine Führungsaufgabe mit disziplinarischer und/oder fachlicher Funktion innehaben, zeigen höhere Werte in dieser Facette, verglichen mit MA ohne entsprechende Führungsverantwortung.DiskussionMessbare Daten für eine wissenschaftlich gestützte Prävention und Resilienzunterstützung sind ein innovativer und vielversprechender Ansatz. Die Anwendung geprüfter Messverfahren kann auch für Leistungsfähigkeit, Erfolg und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit eines Unternehmens wichtig sein. Aus den Strukturähnlichkeiten der verhaltensbezogenen und somatischen Resilienzfacetten ergeben sich gezielte Implikationen für die Resilienzerfassung in Arbeitskontexten. Entsprechende Anschlussfragen hinsichtlich personen- und organisationsspezifischer Trainings zur Resilienzförderung müssen in Folgestudien geklärt werden.
A computable general equilibrium analysis of environmental tax reform in Japan with a forward-looking dynamic model
Authors: Takeda Shiro , Arimura Toshi H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Japanese government plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050. However, it is not yet clear which policy measures the government will adopt to achieve this goal. In this regard, environmental tax reform, which is the combination of carbon regulation and the reduction of existing distortionary taxes, has attracted much attention. This paper examines the effects of an environmental tax reform in Japan. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, we analyze the quantitative impacts of an environmental tax reform and clarify which types of environmental tax reform are the most desirable. In the simulation, we introduce a carbon tax and consider the following four scenarios for the use of the carbon tax revenue: (1) a lump-sum rebate to the household, (2) a cut in income taxes, (3) a cut in corporate taxes and (4) a cut in consumption taxes. The first scenario is a pure carbon tax, and the other three scenarios are types of environmental tax reform. Our CGE simulation shows that (1) environmental tax reform tends to generate more desirable impacts than the pure carbon tax and that (2) the strong double dividend is obtained in some cases. In particular, we show that a cut in corporate taxes leads to the most desirable policy in terms of GDP and national income.