bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intersectional analysis of cannabis use, stigma and health among marginalized Nigerian women
Authors: Nelson Ediomo‐Ubong Ekpo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCannabis use by women has been under‐researched, particularly use by marginalized women in developing societies. This article draws on qualitative research in Uyo, Nigeria, to explore how intersecting stigmas around social identity categories (e.g. gender, sex work) shapes cannabis use and contributes to health harms for marginalized women. Qualitative data were collected via in‐depth interviews with street‐involved female cannabis users, and transcribed, coded and analysed thematically. Initiation of cannabis use was influenced by social networks and sexual relationships. Heavy cannabis use enabled some women to perform alternative femininity thereby challenging the boundaries of appropriate gendered behaviour, while others were pressured by normative expectations to enact moderation according to traditional femininity. Recreational cannabis use overlapped with marginalized forms of use, including using heavily to cope with the mental health sequalae of gender‐based discriminations and structural inequities. Cannabis use attracted heightened stigma, operating as part of intersecting stigmatizing identities that adversely impacted mental health and wellbeing. Cannabis stigma does not exist in isolation from other social identity categories that shape women's lives. There exists a need to combat stigma through interventions that seek to mediate changes in gender relations, improve living conditions and access to health‐care services for marginalized women.
Future‐proof: bunkered data centres and the selling of ultra‐secure cloud storage
Authors: Taylor A.R.E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAbandoned after the Cold War, nuclear bunkers around the world have found afterlives as ultra‐secure data storage sites for cloud computing providers. The operators of these bunkered data centres capitalize on the spatial, temporal, and material security affordances of their subterranean fortresses, promoting them as ‘future‐proof’ cloud storage solutions. Taking the concept of ‘future‐proofing’ as its entry‐point, this essay explores how data centre professionals work with the imaginative properties of the bunker to configure data as an object to be securitized. The essay takes the form of an ethnographic tour through a UK‐based data bunker. During this tour, threatening data futures and fragile data materialities are conjured in order to secure the conditions of possibility for the bunkered data centre's commercial continuity. Future‐proofing, it is argued, provides a conceptual opening onto the entangled imperatives of security and marketing that drive the commercial data storage industry.
Changes in gingivitis and protective factors among adults: A 4‐year prospective population‐based study
Authors: Christofoli Barbara R. , Rios Fernando S. , Costa Ricardo S. A. , Wagner Tassiane P. , Goergen Joseane , Izquierdo Cristina , Jardim Juliana J. , Maltz Marisa , Haas Alex Nogueira 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThere are limited longitudinal data regarding gingival inflammation in adults. This study aimed to assess changes in gingivitis over 4 years and to determine protective factors.MethodsA representative sample of 1023 adults living in Porto Alegre, Brazil, was obtained in the Caries‐Perio Collaboration Study. At follow‐up, 402 individuals were re‐examined. Gingivitis was assessed by the gingival bleeding index (GB) at both time points. Individuals were dichotomized into those showing reductions ≥ 15% and those showing reductions < 15% or increase in bleeding sites. Multivariable Poisson regression models were fitted with 11 possible risk factors, estimating relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsPercentage of individuals with GB ≥ 10% reduced from 72.4% to 53.8%. Bleeding sites significantly reduced (25.9%‐20.1%), and in a higher magnitude in buccal/palatal sites (34.1%‐24.0%). 31.0% of individuals presented GB reduction ≥ 15% in all sites. Toothbrushing ≥ 3 times/d increased 72% the probability of ≥15% GB reduction compared with ≤1/d (RR = 1.72; 95% CI 1.01‐3.16). For each 10 pack‐years smoked, the probability of ≥15% GB reduction was 3% higher (RR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.04). At buccal/palatal sites, normal weight individuals had 26% higher probability of reducing GB than overweight‐obese individuals (RR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.62). A 5% higher decrease in GB sites was observed in the absence than the presence of periodontitis. Younger individuals had higher reduction in GB sites.ConclusionsIn the studied population, gingivitis reduced over time, with younger age, better oral hygiene, absence of periodontitis and normal weight being found to be protective factors. Smoking was associated with lower levels of gingivitis over time, probably due to its vasoconstrictive effect.
Effect of healthcare benefits on short‐term adherence of positive airway pressure therapy
Authors: Lim Taehun , Lim Sung Hwan , Koo Beom Mo , Hwang Junho , Oh Joo Hyung , Rhee Jihye , Park Pona 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of healthcare benefits on adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients.MethodsMedical records of OSA patients at the Veterans Health Service Medical Center were retrospectively reviewed. OSA patients were assigned to two groups as the date of prescribing PAP: after (=Group A) and before (=Group B) July 1, 2018 when PAP therapy starts to be included in healthcare insurance coverage for OSA patients in South Korea. PAP adherence was compared over a 3‐month period between the two groups; subjective improvement after therapy was evaluated using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores. In addition, we evaluated a number of OSA patients who chose to start PAP therapy without healthcare benefit (from July 2018 to December 2018).ResultsEach of the 50 patients in the Group A and B exhibited PAP adherence rates of 82% and 26%, respectively (P < .001). Age did not affect PAP adherence in the Group A. The mean apnea‐hypopnea index (from 36.7 to 1.34, P < .001) and ESS (from 7.6 to 5.6, P = .004) scores of patients in the Group A had significantly improved within the first three months. Twenty‐three (23 out of 334, 6.9%) OSA patients did not have any healthcare insurance, but they medically needed PAP therapy. However, only one of the 23 patients began PAP treatment.ConclusionShort‐term PAP adherence significantly improved after PAP therapy was included in healthcare insurance coverage.
Effects of extreme weather events on child mood and behavior
Authors: Barkin Jennifer L , Buoli Massimiliano , Curry Carolann Lee , von Esenwein Silke A , Upadhyay Saswati , Kearney Maggie Bridges , Mach Katharine 
Published: March 2021

Extreme weather events (EWEs) are increasing in frequency and severity as the planet continues to become warmer. Resulting disasters have the potential to wreak havoc on the economy, infrastructure, family unit, and human health. Global estimates project that children will be disproportionately impacted by the changing climate – shouldering 88% of the related burdens. Exposure to EWEs in childhood is traumatic, with ramifications for mental health specifically. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety have all been associated with childhood EWE exposure and have the potential to persist under certain circumstances. Conversely, many childhood survivors of EWE also demonstrate resilience and experience only transient symptoms. While the majority of studies are focused on the effects resulting from one specific type of disaster (hurricanes), we have synthesized the literature across the various types of EWEs. We describe psychological symptoms and behavior, the potential for long‐term effects, and potential protective factors and risk factors.What this paper addsClimate change‐related phenomena such as extreme weather events (EWEs) have the potential to impact mood and behavior in children.Posttraumatic stress (PTS) is the most common mental health consequence in child survivors of EWEs.PTS is often comorbid with depression and/or anxiety in this group.
Quantitative arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging analysis of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: A case series
Authors: Kano Yuya , Inui Shohei , Uchida Yuto , Sakurai Keita , Muto Masahiro , Sugiyama Hanako , Takeshima Takao , Yuasa Hiroyuki , Yamada Kentaro , Matsukawa Noriyuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to quantify chronological cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes using arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging in patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS).BackgroundQuantitative ASL analyses in RCVS have not been well described in the literature.MethodsQuantification of ASL using an automated region‐of‐interest placement software and a 5‐point visual scale of vasoconstriction severity was performed in five RCVS patients. The association between CBF changes and RCVS‐related complications was evaluated.ResultsQuantitative ASL revealed variable patterns of decreasing CBF in the first week, followed by subsequent increases. Notably, arterial vasoconstriction paradoxically progressed despite an increase in CBF from the first to the second week; this increase was relatively higher in patients with both cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.ConclusionsQuantitative ASL revealed that CBF initially decreased and subsequently increased, especially in the second week. These changes may serve as surrogate imaging markers for RCVS‐related complications, and could further contribute to understanding the pathology of RCVS.
Biogeography of the neotropical freshwater stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygoninae) reveals effects of continent‐scale paleogeographic change and drainage evolution
Authors: Fontenelle João Pedro , Portella Luna Marques Fernando , Kolmann Matthew A. , Lovejoy Nathan R. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTAimPaleogeographic changes have had profound effects on the evolution and diversity of the Neotropical biota. However, the influence of marine incursions on the origin, diversification, and distribution of fishes is still incompletely understood. We investigate the biogeographical and chronological patterns of diversification for the marine‐derived Neotropical freshwater stingrays (subfamily Potamotrygoninae) at a continental scale.LocationNeotropics, South America.TaxaNeotropical freshwater stingrays. Subfamily Potamotrygoninae (Myliobatiformes: Chondrichthyes).MethodsWe generated a time‐calibrated phylogeny for 35 of the 38 valid species of Neotropical freshwater stingrays, from most of the major river basins of South America, using four genes. We used BEAST2 to determine the chronology of population and species divergence events, and “BioGeoBEARS” to infer historical biogeographic patterns.ResultsThe Potamotrygoninae originated during the early/middle Miocene in the upper Amazon region. We recover clades associated with particular geographic areas and detect a recurrent pattern of upper Amazon clades sister to clades in adjacent basins. The timing of dispersals from the upper Amazon to adjacent areas corresponds with the end of the Pebas wetlands. Lower Amazon and Shield associated taxa are relatively young.Main conclusionsWe propose that the origin of the Neotropical freshwater stingrays is related to marine incursions that occurred during the Oligocene/Miocene. Subsequent diversification of Potamotrygoninae occurred in the Pebas wetland system in the upper Amazon with colonization of adjacent basins. These movements were generally unidirectional, with few lineages returning to the upper Amazon, and we speculate that ecological factors drove this pattern. We observed a burst of potamotrygonine diversification 5 Ma that appears to be related to the modern channelization of the Amazon Basin.
Age and aging effects on blood pressure: 15 years follow‐up of Tehran lipid and glucose study
Authors: Khajavi Alireza , Zayeri Farid , Ramezankhani Azra , Nazari Amir , Azizi Fereidoun , Hadaegh Farzad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAge is a known predictor of blood pressure (BP); however, the literature mostly includes cross‐sectional investigations. This prospective cohort study aimed to decompose the cross‐sectional and longitudinal age effects on BP. The secondary data were obtained from the Tehran lipid and glucose study, which comprised six repeated measurements of participants, with median follow‐up of 15.8 (interquartile range of 14.2‐16.9) years. The sample is representative of the metropolitan area of Tehran, Iran, containing 7,460 participants aged 20‐70. The cross‐sectional and longitudinal effects of age (age at baseline and aging, respectively) were fitted in the mixed effects models, taking systolic, diastolic, and pulse BPs as response, adjusting for adiposity, smoking, diabetes, and antihypertensive medication, and stratifying for sex and 10‐year age‐groups. The mean age at baseline was 41.3 (SD = 12.9) years, and 41.7% of the participants were male. Age at baseline and aging were directly associated with BP, aging owned the weaker effect, and the largest distinction were for systolic blood pressure of men aged 40‐49 years (0.75 vs 0.10,p‐value < .001). Moreover, the aging effects on systolic and diastolic BPs were higher in men than women, in the age groups 40‐49 and 30‐39 years (0.35 vs 0.10 and 0.30 vs 0.07,p‐values < .001), respectively. Adjusting for adiposity remarkably declined the impact of aging on BP, among the < 50 years old.
Effect of oxygen scavenging films and modified atmosphere on the color quality of hot‐filled freestone peach puree
Authors: Skrypec Steven , Doh Hansol , Whiteside William Scott 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEffect of oxygen scavenging (OS) films and modified atmosphere on hot‐filled peach puree was investigated based on the results of color quality throughout storage. OS films and modified atmosphere with nitrogen aimed to protect against color degradation and browning for shelf life extension. Color differences of peach puree based on the results of L* (lightness), a* (redness), b* (yellowness), and chroma (saturation) were observed between films, but not atmospheres. Films significantly impacted color preservation, and a lower total color difference (∆E*) at the end of storage as ordered after 9 weeks; ultra‐high‐barrier multilayer film with an OS (UHB‐OS), inorganic‐barrier multilayer film with an OS (IB‐OS), and ultra‐high‐barrier multilayer film without an OS (UHB). Meanwhile, the most effective film to prevent puree from darkening during accelerated storage (35°C) was IB‐OS (36 weeks). Nitrogen influenced a lower ∆E* for the first 5 weeks and resulted in a lower browning index throughout storage compared to ambient air, demonstrating a protective effect. This study demonstrated that OS films significantly extended shelf life of peach puree.Practical ApplicationsOxygen scavengers were effective in the protection of peach puree quality. Color was analyzed for indicating quality change of peach puree. Modified atmosphere with nitrogen had no significant effect on hue, color change, and browning index. Color degradation of peach puree was driven by oxygen‐related reactions.
The electronic nose as a rule‐out test for tuberculosis in an indigenous population
Authors: Coronel Teixeira R. , IJdema D. , Gómez C. , Arce D. , Roman M. , Quintana Y. , González F. , Jiménez de Romero N. , Pérez Bejarano D. , Aguirre S. , Magis‐Escurra C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo end the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic, efficient diagnostic tools are needed. In a previous calibration study, a portable ‘point of care’ electronic nose device (AeonoseTM) proved to be a promising tool in a hospital setting. We evaluated this technology to detect TB in an indigenous population in Paraguay.MethodsA total of 131 participants were enrolled. eNose results were compared with anamnesis, physical examinations, chest radiography and mycobacterial cultures in individuals with signs and symptoms compatible with TB. The eNose analysis was performed in two stages: first, the training with a combination of a previous study population plus 47 participants from the new cohort (total n = 153), and second, the ‘blind prediction’ of 84 participants.Results21% of all participants (n = 131) showed symptoms and/or chest radiography abnormalities suspicious of TB. No sputum samples resulted culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Only one patient had a positive smell print analysis. In the training model, the specificity was 92% (95% confidence interval (CI): 85%‐96%) and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 95%. In the blind prediction model, the specificity and the NPV were 99% (95% CI: 93%‐99%) and 100%, respectively. Although the sensitivity and positive predictive value of the eNose could not be assessed in this cohort due to the small sample size, no active TB cases were found during a one year of follow‐up period.ConclusionThe eNose showed promising specificity and negative predictive value and might therefore be developed as a rule‐out test for TB in vulnerable populations.
The status of white seabass, Atractoscion nobilis as a commercially ready species for marine US aquaculture
Authors: Drawbridge Mark , Shane Michael , Silbernagel Constance 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe white seabass, Atractoscion nobilis, is a member of the family Sciaenidae, which includes croakers and drums. Atractoscion nobilis have numerous aquaculture characteristics desirable for commercialization, including excellent market appeal. Consumer and market surveys of farmed A. nobilis have consistently yielded reviews of ‘good to excellent’ when rated for taste, texture, appearance, and freshness. Wild adult A. nobilis adapt readily to captivity, are highly fecund batch spawners (100,000 eggs/kg of female), will spawn out of season, and produce eggs with high viability (median 73%) and with good hatching rates (median 88%). Atractoscion nobilis larvae are first‐feed Artemia in clear water and weaning is complete by 30 days post hatch (dph). Survival of A. nobilis from unhatched egg to 50 dph is consistently 20–40%. A market size of 1.0 kg has been achieved in 18 months. Infectious diseases are uncommon and are effectively mitigated using recirculating systems with appropriate biosecurity. Atractoscion nobilis are highly susceptible to gas bubble disease, which is mitigated by vacuum degassing, culture in cooler temperatures, or using deep culture units like net pens. Commercial culture of A. nobilis will benefit from selective breeding programs, custom diet formulations, and more health management tools.
Increased psychological distress and somatization in patients with irritable bowel syndrome compared with functional diarrhea or functional constipation, based on Rome IV criteria
Authors: Shiha Mohamed G. , Asghar Zohaib , Thoufeeq Mo , Kurien Matthew , Ball Alex J. , Rej Anupam , Tai Foong Way David , Afify Shima , Aziz Imran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Rome IV criteria for disorders of gut‐brain interaction define irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) as a functional bowel disorder associated with frequent abdominal pain of at least 1 day per week. In contrast, functional diarrhea (FD) and functional constipation (FC) are relatively painless. We compared differences in mood and somatization between Rome IV IBS and FC/FD.MethodsA total of 567 patients with Rome IV defined IBS or FD/FC completed a baseline questionnaire on demographics, abdominal pain frequency, mood (hospital anxiety and depression scale, HADS), and somatization (patient health questionnaire, PHQ‐12). The primary analysis compared differences in mood and somatization between IBS and FC/FD, and the relative influence of abdominal pain frequency on these extra‐intestinal symptoms. The secondary analysis evaluated differences across individual IBS subtypes, and also between FC and FD.Key ResultsPatients with IBS—in comparison to those with FC/FD—had significantly higher mean PHQ‐12 somatization scores (9.1 vs. 5.4), more somatic symptoms (6.0 vs. 4.3), abnormally high somatization levels (16% vs. 3%), higher HADS score (15.0 vs. 11.7), and clinically abnormal levels of anxiety (38% vs. 20%) and depression (17% vs. 10%). Increasing abdominal pain frequency correlated positively with PHQ‐12, number of somatic symptoms, and HADS; p < 0.001. No differences in mood and somatization scores were seen between individual IBS subtypes, and nor between FC and FD.Conclusion & InferencesBased on the Rome IV criteria, IBS is associated with increased levels of psychological distress and somatization compared with FD or FC. Patients reporting frequent abdominal pain should be comprehensively screened for psychosomatic disorders, with psychological therapies considered early in the disease course.
Using structural colour to track length scale of cell‐wall layers in developing Pollia japonica fruits
Authors: Middleton Rox , Moyroud Edwige , Rudall Paula J. , Prychid Christina J. , Conejero Maria , Glover Beverley J. , Vignolini Silvia 
Published: March 2021

Summary

Helicoidally arranged layers of cellulose microfibrils in plant cell walls can produce strong and vivid coloration in a wide range of species. Despite its significance, the morphogenesis of cell walls, whether reflective or not, is not fully understood. Here we show that by optically monitoring the reflectance of Pollia japonica fruits during development we can directly map structural changes of the cell wall on a scale of tens of nanometres.

Visible‐light reflectance spectra from individual living cells were measured throughout the fruit maturation process and compared with numerical models.

Our analysis reveals that periodic spacing of the helicoidal architecture remains unchanged throughout fruit development, suggesting that interactions in the cell‐wall polysaccharides lead to a fixed twisting angle of cellulose helicoids in the cell wall.

By contrast with conventional electron microscopy, which requires analysis of different fixed specimens at different stages of development, the noninvasive optical technique we present allowed us to directly monitor live structural changes in biological photonic systems as they develop. This method therefore is applicable to investigations of photonic tissues in other organisms.