bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stage 1 Registered Report: How responsibility attributions to self and others relate to outcome ownership in group decisions.
Authors: Jaquiery Matt , El Zein Marwa 
Published: May 2021

Responsibility judgements have important consequences in human society. Previous research focused on how someone's responsibility determines the outcome they deserve, for example, whether they are rewarded or punished. Here, we investigate the opposite link: How outcome ownership influences responsibility attributions in a social context. Participants in a group of three perform a majority vote decision-making task between gambles that can lead to a reward or no reward. Only one group member receives the outcome and participants evaluate their and the other players' responsibility for the obtained outcome. Two hypotheses are tested: 1) Whether outcome ownership increases responsibility attributions even when the control over an outcome is similar. 2) Whether people's tendency to attribute higher responsibility for positive vs negative outcomes will be stronger for players who received the outcome. The findings of this study may help reveal how credit attributions can be biased toward particular individuals who receive outcomes as a result of collective work.
A mixed methods evaluation of Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) and Basic Life Support in Obstetrics (BLSO) in a resource-limited setting on the Thailand-Myanmar border
Authors: McGready Rose , Rijken Marcus J. , Turner Claudia , Than Hla Hla , Tun Nay Win , Min Aung Myat , Hla Sophia , Wai Nan San , Proux Kieran , Min Thaw Htway , Gilder Mary Ellen , Sneddon Anne 
Published: May 2021

Background: Short emergency obstetric care (EmOC) courses have demonstrated improved provider confidence, knowledge and skills but impact on indicators such as maternal mortality and stillbirth is less substantial. This manuscript evaluates Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) and Basic Life Support (BLSO) as an adult education tool, in a protracted, post-conflict and resource-limited setting. Methods: A mixed methods evaluation was used. Basic characteristics of ALSO and BLSO participants and their course results were summarized. Kirkpatrick’s framework for assessment of education effectiveness included: qualitative data on participants’ reactions to training (level 1); and quantitative health indicator data on change in the availability and quality of EmOC and in maternal and/or neonatal health outcomes (level 4), by evaluation of the post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) related maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and stillbirth rate in the eight years prior and following implementation of ALSO and BLSO. Results: 561 Thailand-Myanmar border health workers participated in ALSO (n=355) and BLSO (n=206) courses 2008-2020. Pass rates on skills exceeded 90% for both courses while 50% passed the written ALSO test. Perceived confidence significantly improved for all items assessed. In the eight-year block preceding the implementation of ALSO and BLSO (2000-07) the PPH related MMR per 100,000 live births was 57.0 (95%CI 30.06-108.3)(9/15797) compared to 25.4 (95%CI 11.6-55.4)(6/23620) eight years following (2009-16), p=0.109. After adjustment, PPH related maternal mortality was associated with birth before ALSO/BLSO implementation aOR 3.825 (95%CI 1.1233-11.870), migrant (not refugee) status aOR 3.814 (95%CI 1.241-11.718) and attending ≤four antenatal consultations aOR 3.648 (95%CI 1.189-11.191). Stillbirth rate per 1,000 total births was 18.2 (95%CI 16.2-20.4)(291/16016) before the courses, and 11.1 (95%CI 9.8-12.5)(264/23884) after, p=0.038. Birth before ALSO/ BLSO implementation was associated with stillbirth aoR 1.235 (95%CI 1.018-1.500). Conclusions: This evaluation suggests ALSO and BLSO are sustainable, beneficial, EmOC trainings for adult education in protracted, post-conflict, resource-limited settings.
ЦЕННОСТНЫЕ ОРИЕНТАЦИИ ОРДИНАТОРОВ КАК ОСНОВА ИХ ДЕОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ
Authors: Averin Vyacheslav V. , Zinkevich Elena R. , Kulbakh Olga S. 
Published: May 2021

Обоснование. Современная российская социальная ситуация характеризуется выраженным вниманием к человеку, что вызывает необходимость своевременного изучения особенностей ценностных ориентаций ординаторов, выступающих основой их деонтологической культуры. В 2019-2020 гг. в Санкт-Петербургском государственном педиатрическом медицинском университете на факультете послевузовского и дополнительного профессионального образования состоялось исследование, посвященное изучению заявленной проблемы.
Цель исследования. Изучение иерархии ценностных ориентаций специалистов, осваивающих образовательную программу в ординатуре.
Материалы и методы. В исследовании участвовали 155 ординаторов первого курса, из них: 60 мужчин и 95 женщин. Средний возраст респондентов – 25 лет. Продолжительность исследования, включая подготовку, организацию тестирования, анализ данных, составила полгода.
Исследование осуществлялось с разрешения этического комитета ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет». Каждый участник подписывал стандартную форму согласия на участие в тестировании с использованием методики М. Рокича.
Оценка полученных результатов осуществлялась посредством факторного анализа (метод главных компонент с вращением Varimax).
Результаты. По завершению исследования удалось сформировать представление об иерархии ценностных ориентаций врачей, обучающихся в ординатуре.
Заключение. Полученные результаты послужили источником переосмысления дидактических подходов к организации образовательного процесса, усиления в нем аксиологической составляющей, способствующей формированию ценностных ориентаций, становлению деонтологической культуры специалистов в области здравоохранения.
The Model of Formation of a Stochastic Worldview of High School Students in the Context of the Digitalization of Mathematics Education
Authors: Lykova Kseniya 
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the stochastic worldview of high school students. Stochastic world outlook lays the landmarks of creative and practical activities, helps to create favorable conditions for development of intellectual potential of a pupil.
Digitalization in education determines the dominant nature of both the active use of modern methods, tools and technologies of education, and the formation of students' digital skills, training in data processing and analysis, which is closely related to the teaching of stochastics and indicates the relevance of research. In this regard, the untapped potential of stochasticity is greater than any other field of knowledge. Widely used probabilistic-statistical methods contribute to the study of variability and complexity of political, economic, social processes. In this regard, a model of formation of stochastic worldview of high school students in the conditions of digitalization of mathematical education is developed. This model is a set of educational and digital information content, which gives the results of the educational process a new quality of education, allows you to realize the integrity of the worldview, values and motivational constructs, creates the necessary conditions under which it becomes possible to generate knowledge by students themselves based on self-development and self-actualization, their active and productive creativity.
Small animal Review
Authors: Wright Ian 
Published: May 2021

Summary: In this month's Small Animal Review we summarise three papers from other Veterinary journals, focusing on the field of parasitology. The first paper looks at the potential of isoxazolines for treating ectoparasites in degus. The second considers the prevalence of Leishmania in stray cats in Spain and the third describes a case of meningioencephalitis in a dog imported into the UK infected with Ehrlichia canis.
Meaningful values in the Forgotten Joint Score after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Clement Nick D. , Scott Chloe E. H. , Hamilton David F. , MacDonald Deborah , Howie Colin R. 
Published: May 2021

Aims The aim of this study was to identify the minimal clinically important difference (MCID), minimal important change (MIC), minimal detectable change (MDC), and patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) threshold in the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) according to patient satisfaction six months following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods During a one-year period 484 patients underwent a primary TKA and completed preoperative and six-month FJS and OKS. At six months patients were asked, “How satisfied are you with your operated knee?” Their response was recorded as: very satisfied, satisfied, neutral, dissatisfied, or very dissatisfied. The difference between patients recording neutral (n = 44) and satisfied (n = 153) was used to define the MCID. MIC for a cohort was defined as the change in the FJS for those patients declaring their outcome as satisfied, whereas receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the MIC for an individual and the PASS threshold. Distribution-based methodology was used to calculate the MDC. Results Using satisfaction as the anchor question, the MCID for the FJS was 16.6 (95% confidence interval (CIs) 8.9 to 24.3; p < 0.001) and when adjusting for confounding this decreased to 13.7 points (95% CI 4.8 to 22.5; p < 0.001). The MIC for the FJS for a cohort of patients was 17.7 points and for an individual patient was 10 points. The MDC90 for the FGS was 12 points; where 90% of patients scoring more than this will have experienced a real change that is beyond measurement error. The PASS was defined as 22 points or more in the postoperative FJS. Conclusion The estimates for MCID and MIC can be used to assess whether there is clinical difference between two groups and whether a cohort/patient has had a meaningful change in their FJS, respectively. The MDC90 of 12 points suggests a value lower than this may fall within measurement error. A postoperative FJS of 22 or more was predictive of achieving PASS. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):846–854.
Perioperative complications of total en bloc spondylectomy for spinal tumours
Authors: Demura Satoru , Kato Satoshi , Shinmura Kazuya , Yokogawa Noriaki , Shimizu Takaki , Handa Makoto , Annen Ryohei , Kobayashi Motoya , Yamada Yohei , Murakami Hideki , Kawahara Norio , Tomita Katsuro , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2021

Aims To evaluate the perioperative complications associated with total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) in patients with spinal tumours, based on the extent and level of tumour resection. Methods In total, 307 patients who underwent TES in a single centre were reviewed retrospectively. There were 164 male and 143 female patients with a mean age at the time of surgery of 52.9 years (SD 13.3). A total of 225 patients were operated on for spinal metastases, 34 for a malignant primary tumour, 41 for an aggressive benign tumour, and seven with a primary of unknown origin. The main lesion was located in the thoracic spine in 213, and in the lumbar spine in 94 patients. There were 97 patients who underwent TES for more than two consecutive vertebrae. Results Major and minor perioperative complications were observed in 122 (39.7%) and 84 (27.4%) patients respectively. The breakdown of complications was as follows: bleeding more than 2,000 ml in 60 (19.5%) patients, hardware failure in 82 (26.7%), neurological in 46 (15.0%), surgical site infection in 23 (7.5%), wound dehiscence in 16 (5.2%), cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 45 (14.7%), respiratory in 52 (16.9%), cardiovascular in 11 (3.6%), digestive in 19 (6.2%)/ The mortality within two months of surgery was four (1.3%). The total number of complications per operation were 1.01 (SD 1.0) in the single vertebral resection group and 1.56 (SD 1.2) in the group with more than two vertebral resections. Cardiovascular and respiratory complications, along with hardware failure were statistically higher in the group who had more than two vertebrae resected. Also, in this group the amount of bleeding in patients with a lumbar lesion or respiratory complication in patients with a thoracic lesion, were statistically higher. Multivariate analysis showed that using a combined anterior and posterior approach, when more than two vertebral resections were significant independent factors. Conclusion The characteristics of perioperative complications after TES were different depending on the extent and level of the tumour resection. In addition to preoperative clinical and pathological factors, it is therefore important to consider these factors in patients who undergo en bloc resection for spinal tumours. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(5):976–983.
A nomogram prediction of overall survival based on lymph node ratio, AJCC 8th staging system, and other factors for primary pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhong Rui , Jiang Xin , Peng Yan , Xu Huan , Yan Yongfeng , Liu Li , Tang Xiaowei 
Published: May 2021

Background
As a malignant tumor with poor prognosis, accurate and effective prediction of the prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) is crucial.

Methods
A total of 12,909 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program between 2004 and 2016. The sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, metastasis status, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, tumor size, regional nodes examined, regional nodes positive of each patient were recorded. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify prognostic factors with a threshold of P<0.05, and a nomogram was constructed. Harrell’s concordance indexes and calibration plots were used to verify the predictive power of the model. The risk groups were also stratified by quartile of the total score. Survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results
Age, year of diagnosis, sex, grade, histologic, marital, TNM stage, surgery of the primary site, tumor size, regional nodes positive and regional nodes examined ratio (LNR), lymph node dissection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were identified as prognostic factors for the construction of the nomogram. The nomogram exhibited a clinical predictive ability of 0.675(95% CI, 0.669~0.681) in the internal verification. The predicted calibration curve was similar to the standard curve. Decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram had value in terms of clinical application. Besides, the nomogram was able to divide the patients into different groups according to total points.

Conclusions
Hence, our nomogram was highly effective in predicting overall survival in patients with PC, which may provide a reference tool for clinicians to guide individualized treatment and follow-ups for patients with PC, accurately determine the 1-,3- and 5-year overall survival of patients.
The compounding effect of having HIV and a disability on child mortality among mothers in South Africa
Authors: Akobirshoev Ilhom , Zandam Hussaini , Nandakumar Allyala , Groce Nora , Blecher Mark , Mitra Monika 
Published: May 2021

Background
Previous research on the association between maternal HIV status and child mortality in sub–Saharan Africa was published between 2005–2011. Findings from these studies showed a higher child mortality risk among children born to HIV–positive mothers. While the population of women with disabilities is growing in developing countries, we found no research that examined the association between maternal disability in HIV–positive mothers, and child mortality in sub–Saharan Africa. This study examined the potential compounding effect of maternal disability and HIV status on child mortality in South Africa.

Methods
We analyzed data for women age 15–49 years from South Africa, using the nationally representative 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey. We estimated unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios of child mortality indicators by maternal disability and maternal HIV using modified Poisson regressions.

Results
Children born to disabled mothers compared to their peers born to non-disabled mothers were at a higher risk for neonatal mortality (RR = 1.80, 95% CI:1.31–2.49), infant mortality (RR = 1.69, 95% CI:1.19–2.41), and under-five mortality (RR = 1.78, 95% CI:1.05–3.01). The joint risk of maternal disability and HIV-positive status on the selected child mortality indicators is compounded such that it is more than the sum of the risks from maternal disability or maternal HIV-positive status alone (RR = 3.97 vs. joint RR = 3.67 for neonatal mortality; RR = 3.57 vs. joint RR = 3.25 for infant mortality; RR = 6.44 vs. joint RR = 3.75 for under-five mortality).

Conclusions
The findings suggest that children born to HIV-positive women with disabilities are at an exceptionally high risk of premature mortality. Established inequalities faced by women with disabilities may account for this increased risk. Given that maternal HIV and disability amplify each other’s impact on child mortality, addressing disabled women’s HIV-related needs and understanding the pathways and mechanisms contributing to these disparities is crucial.
OS INTERESSES DE APRENDIZAGEM DAS CRIANÇAS NA ESCOLA
Authors: Almeida Vasconcelos Queila , Kremer Claines , Silveira Barbosa Maria Carmen 
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as ações e os interesses de aprendizagem das crianças bem pequenas, articulando-os à possibilidade de promover a participação infantil no planejamento e na organização do cotidiano escolar. O suporte teórico que fundamenta essa investigação compõe-se das discussões sobre participação infantil do campo da Sociologia da Infância e do conceito de aprendizagem pela vida cotidiana da perspectiva da Aprendizagem Sociocultural. As estratégias metodológicas foram construídas a partir dos referenciais da Pesquisa com Crianças, tendo em vista que esta investigação foi realizada em uma escola pública, em um grupo de crianças entre 17 e 27 meses de idade. Tais referenciais reverberam sobre a indispensabilidade da participação infantil nas pesquisas. Como resultados, as análises apontam que a participação infantil, na organização do cotidiano da escola, está atravessada pela concepção das ações das crianças, em busca de compreender, estar junto e fazer parte do mundo, como aprendizagens fundamentais na primeira infância.
A PROBLEMÁTICA ACERCA DA INSERÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DOS LICENCIADOS EM EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO NA REDE PÚBLICA DE EDUCAÇÃO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Verdério Alex , Lima Andreia Gomes 
Published: May 2021

Trata da inserção profissional de egressas e egressos do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo na rede pública estadual de educação do Paraná, e analisa a negação da atuação profissional desses sujeitos. A Educação do Campo é compreendida como conquista dos Movimentos Sociais, o que a coloca no âmbito de sua afirmação como política pública. Realizou-se a análise da reivindicação acerca da inserção profissional de licenciados em Educação do Campo por áreas do conhecimento, voltando-se para algumas experiências de negação desse reconhecimento. Como procedimentos metodológicos, foram privilegiadas a pesquisa bibliográfica e a análise documental, com especial atenção para o Dossiê para Reconhecimento da Licenciatura em Educação do Campo, que foi organizado, no ano de 2017, pela Articulação Paranaense por uma Educação do Campo. No processo de pesquisa e análise, a mobilização e a organização foram verificadas como elementos centrais para garantia do direito dos povos trabalhadores do campo à educação. Isso se expande na luta pelo direito dos graduados em Educação do Campo para que possam exercer a profissão docente de acordo com o perfil de sua formação, buscando a conexão entre escola e vida como questão fundamental no delineamento e na afirmação da escola do campo.
Utilization of K-nearest neighbor algorithm for classification of white blood cells in AML M4, M5, and M7
Authors: Prakisya Nurcahya Pradana Taufik , Liantoni Febri , Hatta Puspanda , Aristyagama Yusfia Hafid , Setiawan Andika 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M4, M5, and M7 are subtypes of leukemia derived from myeloid cell derivatives that influences the results of the identification of AMLs, which includes myeloblast, monoblast, and megakaryoblast. Furthermore, they are divided into more specific types, including myeloblasts, promyelocytes, monoblasts, promonocytes, monocytes, and megakaryoblasts, which must be clearly identified in order to further calculate the ratio value in the blood. Therefore, this research aims to classify these cell types using the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm. Three distance metrics are tested, namely, Euclidean, Chebychev, and Minkowski, and both the weighted and unweighted were tested. The features used as parameters are area, nucleus ratio, circularity, perimeter, mean, and standard deviation, and about 1,450 objects are used as training and testing data. In addition, to ensure that the classification is not overfitting, K-fold cross validation was conducted. The results show that the unweighted Minkowski distance acquired about 240 of 290 objects at K = 19, which is the best. Therefore, the unweighted Minkowski distance is selected for further analysis. The accuracy, recall, and precision values of KNN with unweighted Minkowski distance obtained from fivefold cross validation are 80.552, 44.145, and 42.592%, respectively.
A SIMULINK implementation of a vector shift relay with distributed synchronous generator for engineering classes
Authors: Finkler Alcedir Luis , Obregon Luana , de Campos Mauricio , Sausen Paulo Sérgio , Lenz João Manoel , Sausen Airam Teresa Zago Romcy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the concerns regarding global warming have encouraged an increase in research on renewable energy and distributed generation. Different renewable resources are currently being used, and bioenergy is one among them. Biogas can be produced via digesters, and its energy is converted into electricity and injected into the electrical power system for supplying to meet the local or distant demands. Nevertheless, the generation of electricity via biogas on the consumer side brings new problems and challenges to the power system controller. Protection devices, such as a vector shift relay, are one of the most important components needed to connect a bioenergy system using synchronous generators into the mains. Although distributed synchronous generators are widely used and simulated in software tools, especially in MATLAB/SIMULINK, there is still a gap in technical literature detailing how to design or model a Vector Shift Relay. In view of this subject’s importance, this article aims to assist students, researchers, and engineers by proposing a step-by-step method on how to model and implement a vector shift relay in MATLAB/SIMULINK, although the methodology may easily be used in other simulation tools. A review of the topic is presented along with a detailed description of all needed blocks and expected results.