bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical method in solving neutral and retarded Volterra delay integro-differential equations
Authors: Ismail Nur Inshirah Naqiah , Majid Zanariah Abdul , Senu Norazak , Wahi Nadihah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research is to produce accurate numerical results in solving neutral Volterra delay integro-differential equations (NVDIDE) and retarded Volterra delay integro-differential equations (RVDIDE) of constant type. A third-order explicit multistep block method is derived by applying the Taylor series. The consistency, zero stability, and convergence of the method are determined. The problems are solved by approximating two points simultaneously with constant step size. The delay arguments are approximated using previously calculated values while the integration part is approximated using the quadrature rule. The numerical results obtained have shown that the proposed explicit method is comparable with the other methods and is assumed to be reliable in solving NVDIDE and RVDIDE of constant type.
Development of GUI for Malaysian herbs plant image identification
Authors: Halim Suhaila Abd , Lazim Syafiqah Md 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the previous era, sickness and diseases were treated using traditional herbs since medical technology had yet to be developed. Due to massive development in medicine, more herbs species are facing the risk of extinction due to not being well conserved. This paper describes the development of a graphical user interface (GUI) for identification of Malaysian Herbs Plant from image data using MATLAB. Besides, the GUI development will contribute to the database development of herbs species that are much needed to systematically stores relevant information. It can provide valuable knowledge for society. It is quite challenging for people including the herbs’ expert, to differentiate herbs’ plants since there are too many of them and limited knowledge and experiences. Fortunately, this can be overcome by using image processing approaches specifically image segmentation and classification. A set of image data consists of five types of Malaysian herbs plants is used in this study. The types are Rerama, Sirih, Mexican Mint, Belalai Gajah dan Senduduk. Sobel edge detection operator is a segmentation approach that works by computing the gradient of image intensity at each point and measuring the pixel value changes in horizontal and vertical directions by using two convolution masks. The shape and texture features are used in multiclass Support Vector Machine (SVM) model to classify the species of the herbs. Results show that performance of model are 95.56% for accuracy and sensitivity, 98.89% for specificity, 95.78% for precision, and 94.53% for Matthews correlation. The demonstration of image data shows the effectiveness of the developed GUI in classifying the five types of herbs.
Daily rainfall modeling using Neural Network
Authors: Permai S D , Ohyver M , Aziz M K B M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the early 2020, Indonesia experienced flooding in several areas. This disaster caused a lot of damage and losses. One of the causes of flooding in Indonesia is due to high rainfall. This was not anticipated beforehand so there was a flood. Therefore, research on rainfall in Indonesia is very important to anticipate floods. If it is predicted that rainfall is very high and conditions do not allow it to accommodate, the government can prepare watersheds so that rainwater can flow and not be trapped. In this research, the rainfall data were obtained from Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG Indonesia), then the analysis of rainfall data in Indonesia was carried out. There are several statistical methods that can be used. There are ARIMA and Neural Network. In this research, the results of ARIMA model are used as input variables in the Neural Network model. Then there are several numbers of hidden layer in the Neural Network model that are compared. The results of ARIMA model and Neural Network model showed that Neural Network model is better than ARIMA model, because the mean square error (MSE) value of Neural Network model is smaller than ARIMA model.
Stock Price Prediction Using ARIMA, Neural Network and LSTM Models
Authors: Ho M K , Darman Hazlina , Musa Sarah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Since the past decades, prediction of stock price has been an important and challenging task to yield the most significant profit for a company. In the era of big data, predicting the stock price using machine learning has become popular among the financial analysts since the accuracy of the prediction can be improved using these techniques. In this paper, auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), neural network (NN) and long short-term memory network (LSTM) have been used to predict Bursa Malaysia’s closing prices data from 2/1/2020 to 19/1/2021. All the models will be evaluated using root mean square errors (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE). The results showed that LSTM able to generate more than 90% of accuracy in predicting stock prices during this pandemic period.
Road accidents analytics with data visualization: a case study in Shah Alam Malaysia
Authors: Shaadan N , Azhar Suhaimi M I K , Hazmir M I , Hamzah E N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Road accident has become a serious problem of concern due to the increasing trend of the occurrences in line with the increase in the number of registered vehicles in Malaysia year by year. Causes of road accidents may come from various factors. Information on the causes is important to increase knowledge in assisting various responsible bodies with the theory and framework for establishing appropriate regulation, policy as well as for intervention planning and purposes in controlling and managing road accidents problem. Thus, this study aims to produce a road accidents profile of Shah Alam based on secondary data from MIROS and PDRM using descriptive and inferential data analytics. The application of data visualization methodology and techniques have shown that among all states in Malaysia, Selangor having the highest frequency of road accidents. For the cases of Shah Alam, there exist a temporal time scale pattern of road accidents occurrence. More number of accidence happened during the day compared to night. The most critical time the accidence took place is during busy hours; between 8.00 to 10.00 am in the morning, during evening hours between 4.00 to 6.00 pm and night hours after 6.00 pm until 8.00 pm. The accidental death cases were found mostly come from motorbike with (90-250cc), followed by car and lorry and were found mostly occurred at straight-ahead road as well as municipal road. The most type of collision is straying, digressing, or skidding followed by back collision and side collision. The severity of accidents impact is found associated with drivers demographic factors in which accidental death cases involving male is higher than female with age group between 21 to 25 years old.
Correcting for risk premium on Extended Generalised Leland Models: an empirical study on Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index options
Authors: Harun H F , Abdullah M H 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The relative option pricing performance of Extended Generalised Leland models is examined in this study. We generalise the extended Leland models based on the implied adjusted volatility introduced in the models. Non-parametric framework is fitted into parametric option-pricing framework based on the Leland models to achieve a more realistic option pricing. To reflect the real probability measure, the implied adjusted information is corrected in terms of risk premium. This study concentrates mainly in examining the option-implied information produced by the models after correcting for risk-premium. Data extracted from DJIA index options are employed in this study, which covers the period from January 2009 until the end of 2015. We discovered that the option-implied volatility, which is priced using the Extended Generalised Leland models, especially after being corrected for risk-premium factor improves the option valuation accuracy significantly.
The effects of a multiple solution method in mathematics learning for secondary schools
Authors: Yusof Amirah Aina , Hamid Nor Hafizah A , Othman Zarith Sofiah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Solving problems in mathematics does not involve a single method only. Using a multiple solution method can also assist students in seeking a solution. A multiple solution method is a method that can be applied in the process of teaching and learning in which students will learn a variety of methods to be applied in finding solutions for a single question. This paper reports a study conducted to review students’ views of the effects of the use of a multiple solution method in learning mathematics. The study used two approaches: the quantitative approach (Section A, B and C) and qualitative approach (Section D), in a questionnaire for collecting data. 100 students from a secondary school located in Klang, Selangor were selected as respondents in this study. The questionnaire focused on the perceptions of students in using a multiple solution method and consequently the effect towards students’ level of self-regulation. The Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) was used. All respondents were also instructed to indicate the challenges faced in the use of a multiple solution method in the open-ended questions. The results showed that students have a good perception on the use of a multiple solution method in mathematics learning. A multiple solution method can also affect students’ self-regulation. The findings of the open-ended questions show that which are the challenges faced by students when use multiple solution method are get confused because it has many methods, it is hard because students lack mathematics skill, and also involve time constraints because they need to memorize many methods.
Manager selection using Fuzzy TOPSIS method
Authors: Baharin Nur Hannani , Rashidi Nur Fazlin , Mahad Nor Faradilah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to increasing competition in the global market, companies need employees especially managers who are knowledgeable and skilful to compete in the world market. Proper selection of managers can ensure the accomplishment of company goals. This study aims to propose Fuzzy Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method in hiring new personnel for the middle level manager position in a company. The aim of the study is to assess the alternatives and criteria weights for selecting the middle level manager in a company by using Fuzzy TOPSIS method. A real-life data about the middle level manager selection problem in a company is implemented to demonstrate the application of Fuzzy TOPSIS method. There are three decision makers, three selected alternatives (A1, A2, A3) and twelve chosen criteria in the study. The best alternative is the alternative which is close to fuzzy positive ideal solution (FPIS) and far from fuzzy negative ideal solution (FNIS). Other than that, the sensitivity analysis is performed to validate the results of the study by shifting the weight of each criterion to zero to check whether there is any influence on the final ranking of the alternatives. The findings showed that the ranking order is A1 > A2 > A3. This shows that A1 is the most preferable candidate for the middle level manager position in the company.
The application of AHP-PROMETHEE II for supplier selection
Authors: Isa Muhammad Akmal Md , Saharudin Nor Shahirah , Anuar Natasha Bella , Mahad Nor Faradilah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The evaluation and selection of the best supplier is a crucial decision-making process as it can reduce the supply chain cost and increase the quality of items supplied to a company. Choosing suppliers solely based on their previous experiences may contribute to higher purchase risk. The decision-making process is usually influenced by a variety of criteria that are often in conflict. Thus, this study employs the integration of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluation (PROMETHEE) II to handle supplier selection issues. AHP method was adopted to evaluate the weights of criterion. PROMETHEE II is a Multi-Attribute Decision Making method that is based on a mutual comparison of each alternative pair with respect to each of the selected criterion allowing the rankings of the alternatives from the best to the worst. A real-life data about supplier selection for railways project was used to demonstrate the operation of AHP-PROMETHEE II method. The data involved four decision makers, five alternatives (SI, S2, S3, S4, S5) and eight criteria specifically; aspect of the items (C1), arrangement of time (C2), shipment accomplishment (C3), total price of the item (C4), way of payment (C5), relation with supplier (C6), scope of product (C7), and supplier’s professional ability (C8). The findings showed that C4 was the most preferred criterion among the chosen criteria. Thus, the ranking order for criteria was C4 > C8 > C1 > C2 > C5 > C7 > C6 > C3 while the ranking order for the alternatives was S2 > S1 > S4 > S3 > S5, respectively. The findings were then compared with the result from the previous research. The sensitivity analysis was conducted by reducing criteria weights to zero. In conclusion, AHP-PROMETHEE II can be used to analyse the perfect order from best to worst.
Linear Programming Model for Investment Problem in Maximizing the Total Return
Authors: Nordin Syarifah Zyurina , Johar Farhana , Abu Noratikah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we concentrate on the investment problem of fixed deposit (FD). Our problem is to allocate the amount invested to a suitable tenure and obtain the optimal investment. There are two types of maturity that need to be considered which are short-term and long-term. Our objective is to maximize the total return of the total amount invested with a different percentage of annual return. A linear programming (LP) model is proposed to solve this investment problem using scheduling methodology. We conduct a computational experiment of a real case study for one company located in Kuala Lumpur with RM 20.6 million of investment to see the performance of the model by using the Excel Solver Parameter package. The results show that a significant improvement obtains by our model compared to the original investment practice by the company.
The n-th coprime probability and its graph for some dihedral groups
Authors: Zulkifli N , Mohd Ali N M , Bello M , Nawi A A 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe coprime probability and graph have been studied for various groups by many researchers focusing on the generalization of the probability part. For the coprime graph, the types and properties of the graph have been investigated and the patterns that can be found within a group are analysed. The coprime probability of a group is defined as the probability that the order of a random pair of elements in the group are relatively prime or coprime. Meanwhile, the coprime graph can be explained as a graph whose vertices are elements of a group and two distinct vertices are adjacent if and only if the greatest common divisor of the order of the first vertex and order of the second vertex is equal to one. It was unfortunate that the exploration of probabilities and graphs of groups have not considered both then-th coprime probability and its graph that ultimately became the target in this research. Hence, the newly defined terms are then used to find the generalizations of then-th coprime probability and then-th coprime graphs for some dihedral groups. The types and properties of the graphs are also discussed in this research.
The perfect codes of commuting zero divisor graph of some matrices of dimension two
Authors: Zaid Nurhidayah , Sarmin Nor Haniza , Khasraw Sanhan Muhammad Salih , Gambo Ibrahim , Zai Nur Athirah Farhana Omar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The study of graph properties has gathered many attentions in the past years. The graph properties that are commonly studied include the chromatic number, the clique number and the domination number of a finite graph. In this study, a type of graph properties, which is the perfect code is studied. The perfect code is originally used in coding theory, then extended to other fields including graph theory. Hence, in this paper, the perfect code is determined for the commuting zero divisor graphs of some finite rings of matrices. First, the commuting zero divisor graph of the finite rings of matrices is constructed where its vertices are all zero divisors of the ring and two distinct vertices, say x and y, are adjacent if and only if xy = yx = 0. Then, from the vertex set of the graph, the neighborhood elements of the vertices are determined in order to compute the perfect codes of the graph.
Independence polynomial of the commuting and noncommuting graphs associated to the quasidihedral group
Authors: Najmuddin Nabilah , Sarmin Nor Haniza , Erfanian Ahmad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
An independence polynomial is a type of graph polynomial from graph theory that store combinatorial information such as the graph properties or graph invariants. The independence polynomial of a graph contains coefficients that represent the number of independent sets of certain sizes and the degree of the polynomial denotes the independence number of the graph. A graph of group G is called commuting graph if the vertices are noncentral elements of G and two vertices are adjacent if and only if they commute in G. Meanwhile, a noncommuting graph of a group G has a vertex set that contains all noncentral elements of G and two vertices are adjacent if and only if they do not commute in G. Since the group properties can be presented as graph from graph theory, then the graph polynomial of such graph should also be identified. Therefore, in this research, the independence polynomials are determined for the commuting and noncommuting graphs that are associated to the quasidihedral group.
Coefficient problems of bi-univalent functions with respect to symmetric and symmetric conjugate points defined by the Al-Oboudi operator
Authors: Rossdy Munirah , Omar Rashidah , Soh Shaharuddin Cik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present and investigate two additional subclasses of bi-univalent functions corresponding to symmetric and symmetric conjugate points in the open unit disc employing the Al-Oboudi operator. The initial coefficients of functions assigned to these classes are estimated.
New Class of 2-Partition Poisson Quadratic Stochastic Operators on Countable State Space
Authors: Karim Siti Nurlaili , Hamzah Nur Zatul Akmar , Fauzi Nurfarhana Nisa Muhammad , Ganikhodjaev Nasir 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The idea of quadratic stochastic operator (QSO) which was originally introduced by Bernstein in the early 20th century through his work on population genetics has been significantly developed for decades to describe dynamical systems in many areas. In this research we construct the dynamical systems generated by a new class of 2-partition of Poisson QSO defined on countable state space, X = {0,1,2,…}. Our main goal is to investigate the trajectory behavior of such operators by reducing its infinite variables into a one-dimensional setting that correspond to the number of defined partitions. We present some cases of 2-measurable partition with singleton and two points of two different parameters. Measure and probability theory alongside the functional analysis will be applied to investigate the limit behavior and characteristics of fixed points. These results suggest that the QSO generated by a 2-measurable partition defined on countable state space for both singleton and two points of two different parameters is a regular transformation for some values of parameters.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Splicing System from Graph Theoretic Perspective
Authors: Ruslim Nooradelena Mohd , Elizabeth Marta , Yusof Yuhani , Mohamad Mohd Sham , Adzhar Noraziah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In 1987, Head introduced the recombinant process of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) splicing system through a framework of Formal Language Theory. To express this phenomenon, a comprehensive writing system of the rule sets, proper terms and definitions pioneerly introduced by Head. The analysis on the recombinant behavior of double-stranded DNA molecules, characteristics and various type of splicing systems has sparks the researcher to explore more splicing mechanism extensively. The aim of this paper is to give an exhaustive review on the application of graph in DNA splicing system.
Existence of quasidouble lines of a pair

(f15,Δ(135))

in Euclidean space E5
Authors: Matieva Gulbadan , Abdullayeva Cholpon , Artykova Zhyldyz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The domain Ω⊂ E5 is considered a set of smooth lines such that through a point X⊂Ω passed one line of a given set. The moving frame

ℜ

(

X
,

e
→

i

)

,

(

i
,
j
,
k
=
1
,
2
,
3
,
4

)

is a frame of Frenet for the line ω
1 of the given set. Integral lines of the vector fields

e
→

i

are formed in the net Σ5 of Frenet. There exist a point

F
1
5

∈

(

X
,

e
→

1

)

on the tangent of the line ω
1. When the point X is shifted in the domain Ω, the point

F
1
5

. describes it’s domain

Ω
1
5

in E
5. The partial mapping is defined as

f
1
5

:
Ω
→

Ω
1
5

such that

f
1
5

(
X
)

=

F
1
5

. Necessary and sufficient conditions in so that the line γ belong to the three-dimensional distribution

Δ

(

135

)

=

(

X
,

e
→

1

,

e
→

3

,

e
→

5

)

is a quasi-double line of the pair

Δ

(

135

)

=

(

F
1
5

,

Δ

(

135

)

)

is established.
Identifying rainfall patterns using Fourier series: A case of daily rainfall data in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Asmat Aszila , Wahid Sharifah Norhuda Syed , Deni Sayang Mohd 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The a im for this paper is to fit Fourier series on the daily rainfall data to describe the rainfall patterns and to identify the time frame of the wettest and the driest period for the studied stations. The estimated parameter of the Fourier series in modelling the mean daily rainfall amount received were obtained using the method of Generalized Linear Model and the performance was evaluated using the analysis of deviance. Following the objective, the daily rainfall data ranges from 41 to 58 years over four stations in Sarawak namely Kuching, Miri, Bintulu a nd Sibu are studied. Results showed three harmonics is appropriate in modelling the mean daily rainfall received for Kuching, Sibu and Miri stations. However, only two harmonics was found to be fitted the mean daily rainfall amount received significantly for Bintulu station. The wettest month of the studied stations wa s estimated to occur in late December to early January, whereas the driest month is in March for Miri station, April for Bintulu, July for Kuching a nd June for Sibu station. The information gained from this study can be used to monitor the occurrence of flood and drought events in the area so that future action can be taken to reduce the impacts.