bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasticity in the developing brain: neurophysiological basis for lesion-induced motor reorganization
Authors: Batschelett Mitchell , Gibbs Savannah , Holder Christen M. , Holcombe Billy , Wheless James W. , Narayana Shalini 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe plasticity of the developing brain can be observed following injury to the motor cortex and/or corticospinal tracts, the most commonly injured brain area in the pre- or peri-natal period. Factors such as the timing of injury, lesion size and lesion location may affect a single hemisphere’s ability to acquire bilateral motor representation. Bilateral motor representation of single hemisphere origin is most likely to occur if brain injury occurs before the age of 2 years; however, the link between injury aetiology, reorganization type and functional outcome is largely understudied. We performed a retrospective review to examine reorganized cortical motor maps identified through transcranial magnetic stimulation in a cohort of 52 patients. Subsequent clinical, anthropometric and demographic information was recorded for each patient. Each patient’s primary hand motor cortex centre of gravity, along with the Euclidian distance between reorganized and normally located motor cortices, was also calculated. The patients were classified into broad groups including reorganization type (inter- and intrahemispheric motor reorganization), age at the time of injury (before 2 years and after 2 years) and injury aetiology (developmental disorders and acquired injuries). All measures were analysed to find commonalities between motor reorganization type and injury aetiology, function and centre of gravity distance. There was a significant effect of injury aetiology on type of motor reorganization (P &lt; 0.01), with 60.7% of patients with acquired injuries and 15.8% of patients with developmental disorders demonstrating interhemispheric motor reorganization. Within the interhemispheric motor reorganization group, ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting hand motor cortex centres of gravity overlapped, indicating shared cortical motor representation. Furthermore, the data suggest significantly higher prevalence of bilateral motor representation from a single hemisphere in cases of acquired injuries compared to those of developmental origin. Functional outcome was found to be negatively affected by acquired injuries and interhemispheric motor reorganization relative to their respective counterparts with developmental lesions and intrahemispheric motor reorganization. These results provide novel information regarding motor reorganization in the developing brain via an unprecedented cohort sample size and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is uniquely suited for use in understanding the principles of motor reorganization, thereby aiding in the development of more efficacious therapeutic techniques to improve functional recovery following motor cortex injury.
Clinical spectrum of gross haematuria following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with mRNA vaccines
Authors: Ritter Alexander , Helmchen Birgit , Gaspert Ariana , Bleisch Joerg , Fritschi Barbara , Buchkremer Florian , Damm Stephanie , Schmid Nicolas , Schachtner Thomas , Seeger Harald 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Novel messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines play an important role in current vaccination campaigns against SARS-CoV-2. They are highly efficacious and generally well tolerated. Vaccination in patients with immune-mediated kidney diseases is recommended. A number of cases with de novo or relapsing glomerulonephritis shortly after vaccine application have been reported, some of which presented with gross haematuria.

Methods
We collected 10 cases of macrohaematuria following mRNA-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination at our tertiary care institution and referring centres. Additionally, we pooled all 25 published cases from the literature with ours to analyse their clinical characteristics.

Results
Most macrohaematuria episodes (72.2%) began within 2 days after vaccination, the majority after the second dose. In some individuals, repeated episodes occurred after subsequent doses of the same vaccine. A total of 65.7% of patients never had macrohaematuria before. A total of 45.7% were known to suffer from immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN); the rest had no prior renal diagnosis. IgAN was the most frequent new diagnosis, but anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and anti-glomerular basement membrane disease were also identified. Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in 28.6% of patients, with an increase in serum creatinine not meeting Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes AKI criteria in 28.6%. Treatment ranged from conservative management, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, steroids and cyclophosphamide to plasmapheresis. While renal outcomes were mainly favourable in isolated IgAN, they were poor in patients with additional or isolated small vessel vasculitis.

Conclusion
Awareness of gross haematuria after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is important. Close follow-up and additional work up, particularly in individuals without known underlying kidney disease or worsening renal function, is essential. For patients with vaccine-associated macrohaematuria, an alternative vaccine class might be considered for subsequent vaccinations.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Human Personality: An Analysis Based on Document Modeling Using Machine Learning Tools
Authors: Acharya Amitabha , Aryan Aman , Saha Sujay , Ghosh Anupam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the globe terribly. The rapid spread of this virus and the precautionary measures to prevent it have impacted the lives of all human beings around the world in all dimensions. The anxieties over the virus along with the social restrictions have challenged the mental health and might have acute psychological consequences. In this study, our aim is to analyze whether COVID-19 has done any significant changes to very well-known five-factor personality traits of all the humans all over the world from social media text, such as Twitter. We first train and validate five machine learning models on the benchmark essays dataset and then those models are tested on the preprocessed Twitter dataset, consisting of pre_covid and post_covid tweets. The novelty of this study is to analyze and establish the fact that in this short period of time, COVID-19 cannot make very significant changes in the human personality all over the world. We have compared the performances of five machine learning models and what we have found is that the result provided by one model is also justified by the other models.
Can chronic anti-tumour necrosing factor therapy and colic polyps overwhelm a normal functioning mitral valve? A case report of an endocarditis complicated by a ruptured intracranial mycotic aneurysm
Authors: Khadir Karim , Mirica Daniela , Ligot Noémie , van de Borne Philippe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Rapid identification of endocarditis is challenging but also an important opportunity to change disease course. This is especially true when immunosuppression undermines diagnosis by mitigating symptoms that commonly accompany infectious disease, sometimes in the absence of predisposing heart valve disease as in this case presented here.

Case summary
A middle-aged man with chronic etanercept treatment for ankylosing spondylitis, with previously well-documented normal cardiac valves, presented with afebrile chills, night sweating, weight loss, and a new mitral regurgitation at auscultation. This Streptococcus bovis-related endocarditis, in the presence of benign colic polyps, rapidly became complicated by a ruptured infectious intracranial mycotic aneurysm. The patient was successfully cured by endovascular embolization. Severe mitral regurgitation required an uneventful mitral annuloplasty 1 month thereafter.

Discussion
Immunosuppression from etanercept treatment was likely responsible for this unspecific clinical presentation and potentially devastating intracranial mycotic aneurysm. This complication is infrequently reported within 6 months of anti-tumour necrosing factor therapy initiation but occurred after more than 11 years of therapy in our patient. This case is a timely reminder of the clinical challenges of endocarditis in immunosuppressed patients and highlights a potential long-term complication of etanercept.
Caseous necrosis of the mitral annulus: a new feature of drug-induced valvular heart disease? Case series
Authors: Leblon Tiphaine , Riolet Clemence , Ennezat PierreVladimir , Marechaux Sylvestre 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Drug-induced valvular heart disease (DI-VHD) is a well-defined condition associated with specific pathology features. However, clinical presentations may broadly vary and thereby make DI-VHD diagnosis more challenging.

Case summary
We report two patients with a history of benfluorex administration, who developed extensive mitral calcific lesions which evolved towards caseous necrosis.

Discussion
Prospective follow-up over several years of these two patients who initially had typical DI-VHD findings provided monitoring evidence of extensive calcifications and subsequent caseous necrosis. These reports suggest a link between calcific heart injury and benfluorex exposure. The diagnosis of DI-VHD may be overlooked at this late stage.
Effect of an eLearning Memory Program on Reducing Negative Impact of Age-Related Memory Changes
Authors: Zhu Lynn , D'Amico Danielle , Yusupov Iris , Lass Jordan , Levine Brian , Vandermorris Susan , Troyer Angela 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Age-related memory changes pose considerable concerns for aging adults, and can adversely affect their daily living and cause worry even when changes experienced are not clinically significant. The Memory and Aging Program® is a validated psychoeducation and memory strategy-training program that teaches the public about memory changes during aging and trains them to use evidence-based strategies to support brain health. The program has been offered in-person for over 20 years, and a self-guided eLearning version was recently developed to improve program accessibility. This study evaluated the self-reported impacts of memory changes in older adults who completed this eLearning against a control group. We randomized 202 older adults, without neurological or psychiatric diagnoses (71.6 years; 69 % female; 15.6 years of education), into the eLearning program or a control group that received no intervention. All participants reported their perceived impact of memory changes using the Memory Impact Questionnaire at pre-, post-, and 6-8 weeks follow-up. A significant reduction in negative impact of memory changes on daily living and a significant improvement in positive coping with memory changes relative to controls was observed at post-test (13.4 versus 2.5 points reduction and 7.4 versus 0.1 point improvement, respectively, both p &lt; 0.05), but these did not persist at follow-up. The adoption of digital tools has hastened across all ages. Our study showed that self-guided digital tools, such as the eLearning Memory and Aging Program®, may be a promising avenue to help aging individuals reduce the impact of memory changes on daily living.
Change of Health and Change of Preferences on Life-Sustaining Treatment: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lou Yifan , Bern-Klug Mercedes , Liu Jinyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Decision-making for end-of-life (EoL) care is not a one-off choice. Older adults may change their preferences for life-sustaining treatments along their health continuum. Guided by prospect theory, we hypothesize that perceived change in health status is a driver behind preference changes. Method: Health and Retirement Study Wave 2012 to 2018 data. Sample is limited to 5,646 older adults who reported whether they requested to limit treatment in living will during two waves of data. Two possible preference changes were tested: from limited to default care and from default to limited care. Change in health status was indicated by changes (1=same, 2=improve, 3=decline) in physical pain, general health, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and number of diagnoses. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to understand how change of health status was related to changes in EoL preferences. Results: 700 older adults changed their preferences some time in 8 years. Those who changed their preferences are more likely to be older and not married, and to have lower socioeconomic background. Older adults who experienced deteriorated pain levels were more likely to change their preferences from default to limited care (OR=3.77, p&lt;.05) and less likely to change from limited to default care (OR=0.63, p&lt;.05). Change in IADL is also a significant predictor of change of preferences. Implication: The findings highlight the importance of periodic reassessment of EoL care preferences with older adults. We discuss policy and practice implications regarding health changes as underlying mechanisms of preference changes.
Culture Differences in Advance Care Planning and Implications for Social Work Practice
Authors: Ha Jung-Hwa , Lee Changsook , Yoo Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Advance care planning (ACP) is the process of making plans and decisions regarding end-of-life care (EOLC) in advance while one has the physical and cognitive capacity to do so. However, even if health practitioners recognize the importance of ACP, they may be constrained by social and cultural factors in engaging their clients in ACP. This study examined cultural differences in ACP and various strategies that social workers use to initiate conversations on ACP in a range of settings. Using the case study method, we conducted in-depth interviews with 7 social workers who work in South Korea, 2 Korean-American social workers working in the Korean-American communities in the US, and 3 American social workers serving diverse populations in the US. Their practice sites include: university hospitals, day care centers, a community senior center, a nursing home, and a hospice agency. Social workers in both countries emphasized the need to build rapport with their clients early on and to empower them to take the lead in their ACP while they were still healthy. In Korean and Korean-American communities, social workers recognized their clients’ reluctance to speak about EOLC and highlighted the importance of communicating with their family due to their clients’ preference for family-centered decision-making. When doing this, a step-by-step approach in giving relevant information was recommended. We identified relationship-building, empowerment, and culturally sensitive approaches as common strategies in initiating discussions on ACP in both countries.
Strategies Older Adults Used During COVID-19 to Stay Connected
Authors: Doebbeling Brad , Harrelson Haley , Houchins Michelle , Wine Hallie , Pishko Claire , Der Ananian Cheryl , Peckham Allie , Guest M Aaron 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An unintended consequence of the physical distancing guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19 may be increased feelings of social isolation and loneliness in older adults. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify successful strategies used in avoiding social isolation and feelings of loneliness in older adults (50+) during the pandemic. Methods: Older adults (n=22) selected from a longitudinal study, Aging In the Time of COVID-19, who did not report loneliness, participated in a semi-structured interview via zoom. Individuals were asked a series of questions about how their lives were impacted by the pandemic and what they did to avoid social isolation and loneliness. Each interview was recorded and transcribed verbatim. transcripts were analyzed and categorized to identify common strategies. Results: Participants were primarily female and white (100%) with a mean age of 64.7 years. Preliminary findings (n=5) suggest older adults developed several effective strategies for combating social isolation and feelings of loneliness, including purposely reaching out and “checking in” on others; engaging in exercise, either alone or with others, and engaging in outdoor activities, such as socially distanced in-person encounters. Other effective strategies included virtual events (e.g. community or local events, museums or concerts, etc.), using technology to communicate with friends and family, and practicing gratitude consistently. Conclusions: Although older adults have been encouraged to stay at home and physically distanced throughout the pandemic, they have found ways to remain socially connected with friends, family, and community, despite not being physically together.
Mobility, Physical Activity, and Social Engagement of Community-Living Older Adults
Authors: Li Wenjun , Quach Lien 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mobility, physical activity and social engagement are important to healthy aging and independent living among older adults. This symposium includes four related studies on these issues. Dr. Lien Quach and her team examined racial and ethnic disparities in social engagement among community-living older adults using data from the national Health and Retirement Study. The analysis found that Asians and Hispanics had significantly lower social engagement score compared with non-Hispanic Whites, advocating for further investigations of the causes of racial disparities in social engagement. Dr. Su-I Hou’s study examined the impact of physical activity and social relationship on social engagement. The study found positive impacts of more physical activity, better social relationships and volunteers on social engagement. The results have important implications to promotion of social engagement among older adults participating in aging-in-community programs. Dr. Ladda Thiamwong’s study demonstrated the benefits of using assistive health technology (AHT) to assess the relationships between fall risks, body compositions and objectively measured physical activity in older adults. Dr. Thiamwong’ will discuss the research protocol and preliminary results. Dr. Li’s Health Aging and Neighborhood Study examined variations of older adults’ driving behaviors by sex, age, race, income, health status and housing density of the neighborhoods. The study found substantial differences in mobility and driving patterns by both personal characteristics and neighborhood living environment. The findings have important implications to community programs that support older adults aging in place.
Using Assistive Health Technology to Assess Fall Risk Appraisal, Body Composition, and Physical Activity
Authors: Thiamwong Ladda , Park Joon-Hyuk , Choudhury Renoa , Garcia Oscar , Furtado Maxine , Stallworth Nicole , Stout Jeffrey 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
One-third of older adults have a discrepancy between perceived and physiological fall risks or maladaptive fall risk appraisal (FRA). Older adults who report high fear of falling and overestimate their physiological fall risk are less likely to participate in physical activity (PA). Limited data suggest the interrelation between fall risk appraisal, body composition, and objective measured PA. This cross-sectional study examines the feasibility of recruitment and acceptability of Assistive Health Technology (AHT), including the BTrackS Balance System (BBS), Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (InBody s10), and ActiGraph GT9X Link wireless activity monitor. This study demonstrates the benefits of using AHT to study the associations among FRA, body composition, and PA in older adults. We hypothesize that rational FRA is associated with higher levels of PA and skeletal muscle mass and lower levels of percent of body fat and body mass index. Topics presentation included research protocol and preliminary results.
We're Still Very Much in Limbo: Providers' Perspectives on Implementing a Person-Centered Project
Authors: Corpora Miranda , Kelley Megan , Heppner Alex , Van Haitsma Kimberly , Abbott Katherine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory assists nursing home (NH) providers in assessing residents’ preferences and can be used to make Preferences for Activity and Leisure (PAL) Cards, which are personalized 5x7 laminated cards that reflect a resident’s recreation and leisure preferences. We sought to understand the barriers and facilitators to implementing PAL Cards in NH communities during COVID-19. Methods: NH providers from five states (n=29) were recruited to create PAL Cards in their communities. Monthly coaching calls with project champions assessed the implementation process. Calls were recorded, transcribed verbatim, checked for accuracy, and coded via thematic analysis. Results: Four themes emerged: Adapting to COVID, Preoccupied with COVID, Future Thinking, and PAL Cards Filling the Gaps. Conclusion: Some providers were successful adapting to COVID, while others struggled to implement a new program during the pandemic. Those that were successful expressed how PAL Cards helped promote person-centered care.
Resources and Relationships in Disasters: Differences Among Small and Large Assisted Living Communities
Authors: Peterson Lindsay , Dobbs Debra , June Joseph , Dosa David , Hyer Kathryn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Disaster preparedness among assisted living communities (ALCs) has not been widely researched, despite the growth of ALCs and evidence of disability in this population. An additional issue of concern is the way in which ALCs vary, including variation by size. The purpose of this paper was to explore the experiences of ALCs in Florida that experienced Hurricane Irma in 2017 and how experiences varied by ALC size. Qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted with representatives of small ALCs (&lt;25 beds; n=32) and large ALCs (25+; n=38). Transcripts were analyzed using Atlas.ti version 8, and research team members collaborated to reach consensus on codes and further analyze differences based on ALC size. Results suggest there are differences among ALCs in their disaster preparedness and response, and these differences are related to size (e.g., access to resources, organizational characteristics). Implications for ALC resident wellbeing and future disaster planning will be discussed.
Perceiving More Age-Related Losses? The Role of General Control Beliefs and Daily Disturbance to Plans
Authors: Neupert Shevaun , Zhu Xianghe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We examined daily fluctuations in future time perspective within the daily stress and awareness of aging processes. Awareness of age-related change (AARC) focuses on everyday experiences that highlight changes in behavior and functioning as a result of growing older. We integrated individual differences in control beliefs because those with higher control tend to be more resilient to stressors. We conducted a daily diary study of 112 older adults (aged 60-90) who completed measures of control beliefs at baseline and then daily measures of stressor exposure, appraisal (e.g., threats to future plans), and AARC for eight consecutive days. Increases in threats to future plans were associated with increases in AARC losses, and those with low control were especially vulnerable to increases in threats to future plans. With a constricted future time perspective, any threats to future plans may be especially harmful for older adults who are low in control beliefs.