bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
دور وليات الفصول فى تنمية المهارة اللغوية لطالبات الفصل الأول للبنات الحرم الثالث بمعهد دارالسلام كونتور
Authors: Salsabilla Fitri Rahmadhani 
Published: August 2021

In essence, the success of female students in the learning in Gontor not only with intelligence possessed, but there are other factors that will influence this, that factor was the ability to speak Arabic. Arabic language skills is the ability of a person to has the ability to speak include: the ability of hearing, speech, reading, and writing skills are good and right. One of the parties responsible and plays an important role in instilling the ability to speak Arabic in ITTC Darussalam Gontor is master of class, because master of class is as representative headmaster and Director of KMI. Moreover, a new student class 1 KMI much needed next grade level This research is a qualitative descriptive field research, data collection techniques used are: 1) Interview, 2) Observation, and 3) Documentation. And to analyze the data, researchers use Miles and Huberman, namely: 1) Data Reduction, 2) Presentation of Data, and 3) Withdrawal Conclusion and Verivikasi Data. Therefore, the role and efforts master of class 1 in imparting language skills is required. From the analysis conducted, the researcher concludes that: 1) The role of the homeroom teacher in instilling the ability of the language is very important, and the role is: a) Motivate and teach students to be able to have language skills, b) Teaching Arabic with props and requires students to bring dictionary, c) Provide new vocabulary, d) Provide good example, e) Guarding to participate in the following language activities.
EWSR1 rearrangement in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is related to classic morphology and the presence of small-cell phenotype
Authors: Kovacevic Bozidar , Caramelo Ana , Skuletic Vesna , Cerovic Snezana , Eloy Catarina 
Published: August 2021

The EWSR1 rearrangements with unknown genes were detected in a high percentage of classic variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The small-cell carcinoma of the thyroid with Ewing family tumor elements (CEFTE) typically presents with EWSR1-FLI1 rearrangement suggesting the possible role of EWSR-FLI1 translocation in the loss of thyroid differentiation and acquisition of a small-cell phenotype. In order to determine the frequency and association of EWSR1 rearrangements, particularly the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion with clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (m-PTC) and the presence of small cells, we analyzed a series of 99 m-PTCs using the fluorescence in situ hybridization method. Ninety cases (90.9%) of m-PTC were positive for small cells. This group of m-PTC has shown more often invasive growth, lymphatics invasion, and moderate/extended intratumoral fibrosis. Three cases out of 99 were inconclusive for EWSR1 rearrangement. Eighty-nine (92.7%) and twenty-seven (28.1%) out of 96 m-PTC cases were positive for EWSR1 rearrangement and EWSR1-FLI1 fusion, respectively. m-PTC with classical architectural pattern presented more frequently with EWSR1 rearrangement relative to m-PTC with other patterns (p = 0.005). Other clinicopathological features were not related to the presence of EWSR1 rearrangement or EWSR1-FLI1 fusion. The percentage of small cells present significantly correlated with the percentage of cells positive for EWSR1-FLI1 fusion (p = 0.05) and EWSR1 rearrangement (p <0.001). EWSR1-FLI1 fusion is not rare in m-PTC and it is associated with the acquisition of small-cell phenotype. The EWSR1 gene rearrangement is a frequent event in m-PTC and is related to the classical pattern of m-PTC.
Complex Holocene Fault Ruptures on the Warm Springs Valley Fault in the Northern Walker Lane, Nevada–Northern California
Authors: Chupik Colin , Koehler Richard , Keen-Zebert Amanda 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThe Warm Spring Valley fault is a right-lateral strike-slip fault situated in the northern Walker Lane—a region of distributed deformation that accommodates ~15% of the dextral shear between the North American and the Pacific plates. We assess the Holocene slip history through new mapping for the entire fault and a paleoseismic trenching investigation for the northern section of the fault. The fault is expressed in Holocene deposits for a minimum of 80 km and upward of 96 km, encompassing a wide deformation zone (~0.5–2 km) characterized by short discontinuous fault scarps in young alluvial deposits, stepping and anastomosing fault strands, pop-up features, linear drainages, and sag ponds. Trenching on the northern section of the fault reveals evidence for at least two and possibly three surface-rupturing events since 15.8 ± 1.3 ka, matching the timing of the Seehoo highstand of Lake Lahontan. Earthquakes are broadly constrained between 16.4 and 9.2 ka, a possible event between 9.0 and 6.4 ka, and an event between 3.5 and 0.1 ka, determined based on stratigraphic relationships and radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence geochronology. The ages of all three earthquakes provide a recurrence interval of ~5.5 ± 1.6 ka for the fault. The earthquake timing overlaps with trenching results from the southern section of the fault, suggesting that full-length fault ruptures generating Mw 7.3–7.4 earthquakes are possible. Post-Lake Lahontan sand dunes are faulted in the Honey Lake basin along with pluvial lake deposits next to Honey Lake, providing supportive evidence for one or multiple Holocene earthquakes. Faults range in orientation from 270° to 360° and match the orientations of shears in clay model experiments suggesting that fault ruptures on the Warm Springs Valley fault are complex, similar to complex historical earthquakes, and consistent with youthful fault development in the northern Walker Lane.
Revisiting the Classical Experiment in Earthquake Control at the Rangely Oil Field, Colorado, 1970, Using a Coupled Flow and Geomechanical Model
Authors: Silva Josimar A. , Byrne Hannah , Plesch Andreas , Shaw John H. , Juanes Ruben 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The injection experiment conducted at the Rangely oil field, Colorado, was a pioneering study that showed qualitatively the correlation between reservoir pressure increases and earthquake occurrence. Here, we revisit this field experiment using a mechanistic approach to investigate why and how the earthquakes occurred. Using data collected from decades of field operations, we build a geological model for the Rangely oil field, perform reservoir simulation to history match pore-pressure variations during the experiment, and perform geomechanical simulations to obtain stresses at the main fault, where the earthquakes were sourced. As a viable model, we hypothesize that pressure diffusion occurred through a system of highly permeable fractures, adjacent to the main fault in the field, connecting the injection wells to the area outside of the injection interval where intense seismic activity occurred. We also find that the main fault in the field is characterized by a friction coefficient μ  ≈  0.7—a value that is in good agreement with the classical laboratory estimates conducted by Byerlee for a variety of rock types. Finally, our modeling results suggest that earthquakes outside of the injection interval were released tectonic stresses and thus should be classified as triggered, whereas earthquakes inside the injection interval were driven mostly by anthropogenic pore-pressure changes and thus should be classified as induced.
Síndrome de la arteria mesentérica superior en una adolescente con anorexia nerviosa durante la pandemia del COVID – 19. Reporte de un caso clínico
Authors: Huete Cordova Maria , Ledesma Gastañaduí Mario , Jaramillo Diaz Natalie 
Published: August 2021

Se describe el caso de una paciente adolescente con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Arteria Mesentérica Superior causado por emaciación resultante de un Trastorno de Conducta Alimentaria (Anorexia Nerviosa, AN) cuya evolución fue severamente acentuada por la pandemia de COVID-19. El Síndrome se debe a la compresión de la tercera porción del duodeno entre la arteria mesentérica superior y la aorta. Se describen las características clínicas, etiopatogénicas y diagnósticas más saltantes de la AN, cuyo diagnóstico precoz es fundamental para mejorar un pronóstico complicado por las consecuencias de baja de peso y desnutrición. La comorbilidad ansiosa y depresiva asociada al estrés causado por el confinamiento y los rasgos de personalidad obsesiva de la paciente requirieron de un tratamiento conjunto de los servicios de Pediatría y de Psiquiatría del Niño y Adolescente, este último con intervenciones psicoterapéuticas individual y familiar.
Metrological Assurance of Gas Calorimeter and Wobbe Index Analyser
Authors: Mishina K. A. Mishina , Korchagina E. N. , Kazartsev Ia. V. 
Published: August 2021

The paper describes research on metrological assurance of such measuring instruments as gas calorimeters and Wobbe index analysers. The purpose of the performed research is development of reference materials for gases with certified value of net volume-basis calorific value traceable to Russian state primary standard. Input set of candidate gases is hydrogen, methane, ethane and propane, as well as the target uncertainty of lower volumetric combustion energy value equal to 0,3 % – both were selected basing on results of metrological characteristics analysis of calorimetric equipment. The certified value of lower volumetric combustion energy is traceable to the State Primary Standard of combustion energy, specific combustion energy and volumetric combustion energy units GET 16. The certified value of selected gases and the uncertainty of this value were estimated with usage of comparing calorimeters for the combustion of high- and low-calorie gases «USVG» and «USNG» included in GET 16. Results obtained during investigational study and reference materials characterisation confirmed the stated accuracy. The continuance in prospect may allow development of reference materials for gas imitating mixtures of natural and casing-head gases as well as include Wobbe index in the list of certified characteristics.
Plant-matrix reference materials as a tool for ensuring the uniformity of chemical measurements in geochemistry, ecology, agriculture and pharmacology
Authors: Vasil’eva I. E. , Shabanova E. V. 
Published: August 2021

The population needs reliable information on the chemical composition of plants and products made from them in order to preserve the environment and its safety. With the increase in cross-border trade, there is a growing demand for traceable results of determining the content of chemical elements in plants and not only proteins, fats, carbohydrates, pesticides, moisture, vitamins, etc., which can affect the quality of human life. An urgent but difficult analytical task is to obtain reliable measurements of the elemental composition of agricultural and wild plants and various products made from them. Reference materials (RMs) are a widely recognized tool for ensuring the uniformity of chemical measurements. They are designed for certification (validation) of existing and new methods (techniques) of chemical analysis, certification studies in the development of reference materials, and professional testing of laboratories. The article lists the reputable manufacturers of plant RMs in which the content of chemical elements is certified. The ratio of certified, reference, and quality control samples of plant-matrix has been assessed. The classification of certified reference materials according to the type of plant material used for their food application is provided. The contribution of different countries to the development of plant CRMs is hown. The selection of plants for the development of new RMs is discussed from two points of view, namely food composition databases (AOAC INTERNATIONAL) and the ‘Reference Plant’ chemical fingerprinting (B. Markert). Based on the consolidation of studies devoted to the development and appliance of plant-matrix reference materials, a list of the most important requirements has been compiled for reference materials that ensure the reliability and comparability of the results of chemical analysis in the fields of biology, geochemistry, ecology, agriculture, medicine, and interdisciplinary research.
FUCOM-MARCOS based Group Decision-making using Dombi Power Aggregation of Dual Probabilistic Linguistic Information
Authors: Saha Abhijit , Mishra Arunodaya Raj , Rani Pratibha 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The dual probabilistic linguistic (DPL) term sets are considered superior to probabilistic linguistic term sets. The power average operator can lessen the effects of the extreme assessing data from some decision-makers with prejudice. Further, the Dombi operators are quite flexible with the general parameter during the aggregation process. Moreover, based on deviation from the maximum consistency by the exclusion of the concern of the redundancy of the comparisons made in criteria pairs, FUCOM (full consistency method) is utilized as a subjective criteria weight computing model. Besides, MARCOS (Measurements alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution) method is based on the determination of utility degrees according to the distance from anti-ideal and ideal solutions and their aggregations. In this study, we combine the merits of power average operator, Dombi operator, FUCOM technique and MARCOS for dealing with multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problems under a DPL setting where rank of the alternatives are obtained through MARCOS method. For aggregating decision-experts preferences, we propose two types of operators, namely- DPL Dombi power weighted averaging and DPL Dombi power weighted geometric aggregation operators. We discuss the elegant properties of these proposed aggregation operators. We provide a case study regarding open source software learning management system selection to focus the practicability and usefulness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, we perform a sensitivity assessment on diverse criteria weight sets in order to test the stability of our developed intriguing approach. To this effect, we also provide a comparison between our approach with various extant methods.
Sasakia Charonda (Apaturinae: Nymphalidae) and its Three Related Butterfly Larvae Use Halitosis to Repel Predators
Authors: Hayashi Taro , Holikawa Kaori , Akiba Hisako , INOUE Takashi A , Niihara Kinuko , Fukuda Tatsuya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Accidentally, we discovered that Sasakia charonda (Nymphalidae: Apaturinae) larvae disturbed by ants or humans released volatile compounds from their mouth; thus, we tried to identify these halitosis. We collected halitosis directly from the mouths of S. charonda larvae into volatile-collecting tubes. Trapped halitosis were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). We confirmed the identity of eleven substances by comparison to GC of known standards, and inferred them to be mainly alcohols and aldehydes/ketones, with main chains of 4–5 carbons. Three of the chemicals in these halitosis, 2-butanol, 1-penten-3-ol and 3-pentanone, affected the behavior of Pristomyrmex punctatus and Formica japonica ants that co-inhabited the S. charonda rearing cage. We concluded that the substances we identified in this study were used as defensive halitosis, analogous to osmeterium emissions specific to Papilionidae butterflies. Based on smell, Holikawa found that Hestina assimilis and H. persimilis larvae have closely related halitosis. Thus, we also analyzed the halitosis of these two species as well as Apatura metis, another Apaturinae, using the same methods. We found that these species also release halitosis. The composition of the substances of H. assimilis and H. persimilis were somewhat similar to that of S. charonda, whereas that of A. metis differed. Some of the substances also induced defensive behavior in these species of Apaturinae larvae.
The Involvement of Oxidative Stress, Neuronal Lesions, Neurotransmission Impairment, and Neuroinflammation in Acrylamide-Induced Neurotoxicity
Authors: Zhao Mengyao , Deng Linlin , Lu Xiaoxuan , Fan Liqiang , Zhu Yang , Zhao Liming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is a typically contaminate during environmental industry and poses potential health hazards that have been attracting increasing attention. Its neurotoxicity is known to cause significant damage to health. However, the mechanisms of ACR-induced neurotoxicity require further clarification. This study explores how ACR-induced oxidative stress, neuronal lesions, neurotransmission impairment, and neuroinflammation mutually contribute to neurotoxicity using a mouse model. According to the results, oxidative stress was indicated by the presence of a distinct increase in cellular reactive oxygen species levels, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine content, as well as a significant decrease in the glutathione content after ACR exposure. Moreover, ACR caused neurological defects associated with gait abnormality and neuronal loss while suppressing the levels of acetylcholine and dopamine and increasing the protein expression of α-syn, further inhibiting cholinergic and dopaminergic neuronal function. Additionally, ACR treatment caused an inflammation response via NF-κB activation and increased the protein expression of NLRP3. Consequently, ACR activated the NLRP3 inflammasome constituents, including Caspase-1, ASC, N-GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18. The results revealed the underlying molecular mechanism of ACR-induced neurotoxicity via oxidative stress, neurotransmission impairment, and neuroinflammation-related signal cascade. This information will further improve the development of an alternative outcome pathway strategy for investigating the risk posed by ACR.
The Impact of the Delta Change Approach on the Severity of Ice-jam Flooding Under Future Climate Scenarios
Authors: Das Apurba , Rokaya Prabin , Lindenschmidt Karl-Erich 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Projection of the impact of future climate on ice-jam flood intensity is an essential component of a flood mitigation strategy for many northern communities. General Circulation Model (GCM) outputs are used to derive hydrological conditions under future climate scenarios. Although GCMs are often downscaled to a point of interest, there can still be significant differences between modelled climate scenarios and historically observed climate scenarios. Therefore, the model-indicated changes between baseline and future values of climatic scenarios are applied to observed baseline values to estimate projected future values. This can be carried out by using the delta change method which is an approach for adjusting GCM output. This study evaluates the impact of the delta change method on the frequency and severity of ice-jam flooding under a future climate scenario. The Athabasca River at Fort McMurray is presented as the test site. Streamflow conditions were derived from a physically-based hydrological model, Modélisation Environnementale communautaire-Surface Hydrology (MESH), by forcing the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM) driven by the Third Generation Coupled Climate Model (CGCM3) for both baseline (1971–2000) and future (2041–2070) periods. Streamflow under future climatic conditions was developed based on the delta change method for both absolute and relative changes. The adjusting streamflow was then used in a fully dynamic river ice hydraulic model, RIVICE, to project future ice-jam scenarios using a stochastic modelling framework. Finally, the impact of the delta changes on the frequency and severity of simulated ice-jam flooding was assessed by producing ice-jam stage-frequency distributions (SFDs) under future climatic conditions. The results indicate that there is a notable difference in the projected frequency and severity of ice-jam flooding between absolute and relative change approaches.
Historical Variability And Future Changes In Seasonal Extreme Temperature Over Iran
Authors: Zarrin Azar , Dadashi-Roudbari Abbasali , Hassani Samira 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The extreme temperature indices (ETI) are an important indicator of climate change, the detection of their changes over the next years can play an important role in the Climate Action Plan (CAP). In this study, four temperature indices (Mean of daily minimum temperature (TN), Mean of daily maximum temperature (TX), Cold-spell duration index (CSDI), and Warm-spell duration index (WSDI)) were defined by ETCCDI and two new indices of the Maximum number of consecutive frost days (CFD) and the Maximum number of consecutive summer days (CSU) were calculated to examine ETIs in Iran under climate change conditions. We used minimum and maximum daily temperature of five General circulation models (GCMs) including HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, GFDL-ESM2M, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, and NorESM1-M from the set of CMIP5 Bias-Correction models. We investigated Two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 – during the historical (1965-2005) and future (2021-2060 and 2061-2100) periods. The performance of each model was evaluated using the Taylor diagram on a seasonal scale. Among models, GFDL-ESM2M and HadGEM2-ES models showed the highest, and NorESM1-M and IPSL-CM5A-LR models showed the lowest performance in Iran. Then an ensemble model was generated using Independence Weighted Mean (IWM) method. The results of multi-model ensembles (MME) showed a higher performance compared to individual CMIP5 models in all seasons. Also, the uncertainty value was significantly reduced, and the correlation value of the MME model reached 0.95 in all seasons. Additionally, it is found that WSDI and CSU indices showed positive anomalies in future periods and CSDI and CFD showed negative anomalies throughout Iran. Also, at the end of the 21st century, no cold spells are projected in almost every part of Iran. The CSU index showed that Iran's summer days are increasing sharply, according to the results of the RCP8.5 scenario in spring (MAM) and autumn (SON), the CSU will increase by 18.79 and 20.51 days, respectively at the end of the 21st century. It is projected that in the future, the spring and autumn seasons will be shorter and, summers, will be much longer than before.