bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimum‐series twist distributions for yawing‐moment control during pure roll*
Authors: Hunsaker Douglas F. , Moorthamers Bruno , Joo James J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe main wings of most aircraft produce adverse yaw during roll. In order to control the lateral direction of the aircraft during the roll, the rudder is often mixed with the aileron. Lifting‐line theory is used here to develop spanwise lift distributions that require the minimum number of terms in the Fourier‐series solution for controlling the yawing moment during pure rolling motion using only the main wing. It is shown that the yawing moment can be controlled for arbitrary rolling moments and/or rolling rates by adding symmetric twist in the main wing. The induced‐drag penalty for using this method to control the yawing moment is significant and discussed in detail. For example, it is shown that if zero yawing moment is prescribed, the induced drag can increase by 108% for a prescribed rolling moment or by 300% during a steady rolling rate relative to the induced drag in steady level flight. Because this is the minimum‐series solution, it does not represent the solution for yaw control with minimum induced drag, since more terms could be used in the Fourier series describing the lift distribution to control yaw with less induced drag. However, the solutions presented here can be useful for aircraft with continuous trailing‐edge technologies that are limited in spanwise deflection gradients, and provide a theoretical upper bound on the minimum induced‐drag that can be expected if the main wing is used for yawing‐moment control during pure roll.
A derived dryolestid mammal indicates possible insular endemism in the Late Jurassic of Germany
Authors: Martin Thomas , Averianov Alexander O. , Schultz Julia A. , Schwermann Achim H. , Wings Oliver 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Langenberg Quarry near Bad Harzburg has yielded the first Jurassic stem therian mammal of Germany, recovered from Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) near shore deposits of a palaeo-island within the Lower Saxony Basin of the European archipelago. The new stem therian is represented by one lower and three upper molars.Hercynodon germanicusgen. et sp. nov. is attributed to the Dryolestidae, a group of pretribosphenic crown mammals that was common in western Laurasia from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. The new taxon is characterised by small size, a reduced cusp pattern in the upper molars lacking a metacone, and enhancement of the shearing crests paracrista and metacrista. Phylogenetic analysis identifiedHercynodongen. nov. as sister taxon ofCrusafontiafrom the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian) of Spain. Both taxa belong to an endemic European clade of dryolestids, including alsoAchyrodonandPhascolestesfrom the earliest Cretaceous (Berriasian) of England. Despite its greater geological age,Hercynodongen. nov. is the most derived representative of that clade, indicated by the complete reduction of the metacone. The discrepancy between derived morphology and geological age may be explained by an increased rate of character evolution in insular isolation. Other insular phenomena have earlier been observed in vertebrates from the Langenberg Quarry, such as dwarfism in the small sauropodEuropasaurus, and possible gigantism in the morganucodontan mammaliaformStorchodonand the pinheirodontid multituberculate mammalTeutonodonwhich grew unusually large.
Evaluating class and school effects on the joint student achievements in different subjects: a bivariate semiparametric model with random coefficients
Authors: Masci Chiara , Ieva Francesca , Agasisti Tommaso , Paganoni Anna Maria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes an innovative statistical method to measure the impact of the class/school on student achievements in multiple subjects. We propose a semiparametric model for a bivariate response variable with random coefficients, that are assumed to follow a discrete distribution with an unknown number of support points, together with an Expectation-Maximization algorithm—called BSPEM algorithm—to estimate its parameters. In the case study, we apply the BSPEM algorithm to data about Italian middle schools, considering students nested within classes, and we identify subpopulations of classes, standing on their effects on student achievements in reading and mathematics. The proposed model is extremely informative in exploring the correlation between multiple class effects, which are typical of the educational production function. The estimated class effects on reading and mathematics student achievements are then explained in terms of various class and school level characteristics selected by means of a LASSO regression.
The relationship between subjectivity in managerial performance evaluation and the three dimensions of justice perception
Authors: Tran Thuy-Van , Lepistö Sinikka , Järvinen Janne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between subjectivity in performance evaluation and the three dimensions of justice perceptions in an emerging economy; prior research on this topic has primarily focused solely on the advanced capitalist economies of Western nations. The paper also aims to expand on existing research by focusing on the role of interactional justice perceptions in relation to subjective evaluation (Byrne et al. in Hum Resour Manag J 22(2):129–147; Folger and Cropanzano, in Organizational justice and human resource management, Sage, Thousand Oaks, 1998). Results from a survey of 160 middle managers in Vietnam indicate that subjective evaluation is associated predominantly with negative effects. We found that, in an emerging economy like that of Vietnam, subjective evaluation reduces interactional justice perception, which in turn decreases the perception of procedural and distributive justice. The mediating effects suggest that the reason subjective evaluation influences employee procedural/distributive justice perceptions lies in the interactional justice perceived from supervisors. This research clarifies the effects of subjective evaluation on the dimensions of justice perception and contributes to the literature on performance evaluation and organizational justice in a non-Western context. It also highlights the importance of respect and communication for fairness perception in both theory and practice.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for treatment of urinary tract stones in children: report of a multicenter international experience
Authors: Esposito Ciro , Masieri Lorenzo , Blanc Thomas , Lendvay Thomas , Escolino Maria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to report a multi-institutional experience with robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) for treatment of urinary tract stones in children. The medical records of 15 patients (12 boys), who underwent RALS for urolithiasis in 4 international centers of pediatric urology over a 5-year period, were retrospectively collected. The median patient age was 8.5 years (range 4–15). Eleven/fifteen patients (73.3%) had concurrent uretero–pelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) and 2/15 patients (13.3%) had neurogenic bladder. Stones were in the renal pelvis in 8/15 (53.3%), in the lower pole in 3/15 (20%), in the bladder in 2/15 (13.3%), and in multiple locations in 2/15 (13.3%). One patient (6.6%) had bilateral multiple kidney stones. The median stone size was 10.8 mm (range 2–30) in upper tract location and 27 mm (range 21–33) into the bladder. Eleven patients with concomitant UPJO underwent simultaneous robot-assisted pyelolithotomy and pyeloplasty in 12 kidney units. Two patients with isolated staghorn stones received robot-assisted pyelolithotomy. Robot-assisted cystolithotomy was performed in two patients with bladder stones. The median operative time was 131.8 min (range 60–240). The stone-free rate was 80% following initial surgery and 100% after secondary treatment. Clavien 2 complications (hematuria, infections) were recorded in 5/15 patients (33.3%). Three/fifteen patients (20%) with residual renal stones were successfully treated using ureterorenoscopy (Clavien 3b). RALS was a feasible, safe and effective treatment option for pediatric urolithiasis in selected cases such as large bladder stones, bilateral kidney stones, staghorn stones or concomitant anomalies such as UPJO requiring simultaneous pyeloplasty.
Spectral analysis of transient amplifiers for death–birth updating constructed from regular graphs
Authors: Richter Hendrik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA central question of evolutionary dynamics on graphs is whether or not a mutation introduced in a population of residents survives and eventually even spreads to the whole population, or becomes extinct. The outcome naturally depends on the fitness of the mutant and the rules by which mutants and residents may propagate on the network, but arguably the most determining factor is the network structure. Some structured networks are transient amplifiers. They increase for a certain fitness range the fixation probability of beneficial mutations as compared to a well-mixed population. We study a perturbation method for identifying transient amplifiers for death–birth updating. The method involves calculating the coalescence times of random walks on graphs and finding the vertex with the largest remeeting time. If the graph is perturbed by removing an edge from this vertex, there is a certain likelihood that the resulting perturbed graph is a transient amplifier. We test all pairwise nonisomorphic regular graphs up to a certain order and thus cover the whole structural range expressible by these graphs. For cubic and quartic regular graphs we find a sufficiently large number of transient amplifiers. For these networks we carry out a spectral analysis and show that the graphs from which transient amplifiers can be constructed share certain structural properties. Identifying spectral and structural properties may promote finding and designing such networks.
Commuting Involution Graphs for Certain Exceptional Groups of Lie Type
Authors: Aubad Ali , Rowley Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSuppose that G is a finite group and X is a G-conjugacy classes of involutions. The commuting involution graph $${\mathcal {C}}(G,X)$$

C
(
G
,
X
)

is the graph whose vertex set is X with $$x, y \in X$$

x
,
y
∈
X

being joined if $$x \ne y$$

x
≠
y

and $$xy = yx$$

x
y
=
y
x

. Here for various exceptional Lie type groups of characteristic two we investigate their commuting involution graphs.
Evaluation of diagnostic efficacy for localization of parathyroid adenoma in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing repeat surgery
Authors: Hendricks Anne , Lenschow Christina , Kroiss Matthias , Buck Andreas , Kickuth Ralph , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Schlegel Nicolas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Repeat surgery in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is associated with an increased risk of complications and failure. This stresses the need for optimized strategies to accurately localize a parathyroid adenoma before repeat surgery is performed. However, evidence on the extent of required diagnostics for a structured approach is sparse.

Methods
A retrospective single-center evaluation of 28 patients with an indication for surgery due to pHPT and previous thyroid or parathyroid surgery was performed. Diagnostic workup, surgical approach, and outcome in terms of complications and successful removement of parathyroid adenoma with biochemical cure were evaluated.

Results
Neck ultrasound, sestamibi scintigraphy, C11-methionine PET-CT, and selective parathyroid hormone venous sampling, but not MRI imaging, effectively detected the presence of a parathyroid adenoma with high positive predictive values. Biochemical cure was revealed by normalization of calcium and parathormone levels 24–48h after surgery and was achieved in 26/28 patients (92.9%) with an overall low rate of complications. Concordant localization by at least two diagnostic modalities enabled focused surgery with success rates of 100%, whereas inconclusive localization significantly increased the rate of bilateral explorations and significantly reduced the rate of biochemical cure to 80%.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that two concordant diagnostic modalities are sufficient to accurately localize parathyroid adenoma before repeat surgery for pHPT. In cases of poor localization, extended diagnostic procedures are warranted to enhance surgical success rates. We suggest an algorithm for better orientation when repeat surgery is intended in patients with pHPT.
Exploring possible links between Quaternary aggradation in the Upper Rhine Graben and the glaciation history of northern Switzerland
Authors: Preusser Frank , Büschelberger Matthias , Kemna Hans Axel , Miocic Johannes , Mueller Daniela , May Jan-Hendrik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Quaternary filling of the Upper Rhine Graben is an excellent archive to reconstruct sediment dynamics in response to climate change, in particular related to past glaciations of the Swiss Alpine Foreland. Here, a sediment sequence recovered by drilling for exploration purposes near Kronau is investigated, using a combination of sedimentological logging, provenance studies (heavy minerals and clast petrography), and luminescence dating. Several phases of coarse sediment aggradation are identified that possibly correlate to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 12 (478–424 ka), 10 (374–337 ka), 8 (300–243 ka), 6 (191–130 ka) and/or 4 (71–57 ka), and 2 (29–14 ka). Several of these phases have previously also been reported from cores recovered in the major Quaternary depo-centre near Heidelberg. This suggests that the observed coarse aggradation in the Upper Rhine Graben can be assigned to various glaciations in northern Switzerland: Möhlin (MIS 12), Habsburg (MIS 10 or 8), Beringen (MIS 6), an unnamed glacial advance during MIS 4, and Birrfeld (MIS 2). However, due to the limited data available, this hypothesis and the suggested correlations require further confirmation by applying the approach presented here to further cores from the Upper Rhine Graben.
Discovery and development of trastuzumab deruxtecan and safety management for patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer
Authors: Shitara Kohei , Baba Eishi , Fujitani Kazumasa , Oki Eiji , Fujii Satoshi , Yamaguchi Kensei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractApproximately 12–15% of gastric cancers (GCs) are human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive (HER2 immunohistochemistry 3 + or 2 + /in situ hybridization + [ERBB2/CEP17 ≥ 2.0]). While the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, in combination with chemotherapy, is the standard treatment for HER2-positive GC, other HER2-targeted therapies have not demonstrated survival benefits in patients with GC, despite showing efficacy in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. This indicates that there are unique challenges to the use of currently available HER2-targeted therapies for the treatment of HER2-positive GC. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is an antibody–drug conjugate consisting of an anti-HER2 human monoclonal IgG1 antibody with the same amino acid sequence as trastuzumab, an enzymatically cleavable peptide-based linker, and DXd, a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor, as its released payload. T-DXd has a high drug–antibody ratio (approximately 8) and a demonstrated bystander antitumor effect. It has demonstrated significant efficacy when compared with standard therapies and is approved as third- or later-line treatment for HER2-positive GC in Japan and second- or later-line treatment in the US. T-DXd treatment is associated with gastrointestinal and hematological adverse events, and a risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD), with the ILD risk being higher in Japan than in countries other than Japan. However, most adverse events, including ILD, can be managed with proactive monitoring and T-DXd dose modification, and initiation of adequate treatment. In this review, we summarize the discovery and development of T-DXd and provide guidance for T-DXd safety management, including ILD monitoring, for patients with HER2-positive GC.
Validation of GNSS-derived global ionosphere maps for different solar activity levels: case studies for years 2014 and 2018
Authors: Wielgosz P. , Milanowska B. , Krypiak-Gregorczyk A. , Jarmołowski W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIonosphere Associate Analysis Centers (IAACs) of the International GNSS Service (IGS) independently produce global ionosphere maps (GIMs) of the total electron content (TEC). The GIMs are based on different modeling techniques, resulting in different TEC levels and accuracies. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy and consistency of the IAAC GIMs during high (2014) and low (2018) solar activity periods of the 24th solar cycle. In our study, we applied two different evaluation methods. First, we carried out a comparison of the GIM-derived slant TEC (STEC) with carrier phase geometry-free combination of GNSS signals obtained from 25 globally distributed stations. Second, vertical TEC (VTEC) from GIMs was compared to altimetry-derived VTEC obtained from the Jason-2 and Jason-3 satellites and complemented for plasmaspheric TEC. The analyzed GIMs obtained STEC RMS values reaching from 1.98 to 3.00 TECU and from 0.96 to 1.29 TECU during 2014 and 2018, respectively. The comparison to altimetry data resulted in VTEC STD values that varied from 3.61 to 5.97 TECU and from 1.92 to 2.78 TECU during 2014 and 2018, respectively. The results show that among the IAACs, the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe global maps performed best in low and high solar activity periods. However, the highest accuracy was obtained by a non-IGS product—UQRG GIMs provided by Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. It was also shown that the best results were obtained using a modified single layer model mapping function and that the map time interval has a relatively small influence on the resulting map accuracy.
“I Found Out I was Pregnant, and I Started Feeling Stressed”: A Longitudinal Qualitative Perspective of Mental Health Experiences Among Perinatal Women Living with HIV
Authors: Tuthill Emily L. , Maltby Ann E. , Odhiambo Belinda C. , Akama Eliud , Pellowski Jennifer A. , Cohen Craig R. , Weiser Sheri D. , Conroy Amy A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlobally, depressive symptoms among pregnant and postpartum (i.e., perinatal) women living with HIV (WLWH) are alarmingly high and associated with poor outcomes such as suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Few qualitative studies have described the experience of perinatal depression among WLWH to identify the underlying social-structural determinants of poor mental health and potential strategies to intervene. We conducted a longitudinal qualitative study applying semi-structured interviews with 30 WLWH at three timepoints (28–38 weeks pregnant, 6-weeks postpartum and 5–7 months postpartum) to understand mental health experiences of perinatal WLWH in western Kenya. Financial insecurity emerged as the central theme impacting the mental health of women across time. Financial insecurity was often attributed to the loss of employment, related to pregnancy and the demands of breastfeeding and caring for an infant, as well as a lack of support from male partners. The loss of income and subsequent financial strain contributed to worsening levels of food insecurity and relationship stress and challenged engagement in HIV care. In this way, increased financial strain during the perinatal period negatively impacted the mental health of perinatal WLWH. Our findings suggest support to meet basic needs and remain engaged in HIV care during pregnancy and postpartum could improve perinatal mental health for WLWH in this setting.
Assessment of single and double coronary bifurcation stenting techniques using multimodal imaging and 3D modeling in reanimated swine hearts using Visible Heart® methodologies
Authors: Valenzuela Thomas F. , Burzotta Francesco , Iles Tinen L. , Lassen Jens F. , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStent implantation in bifurcated coronary lesions is technically challenging so that procedural refinements are continuously investigated. Novel procedure modeling and intracoronary imaging techniques may offer critical insights on stent deformations and stent-wall interactions during bifurcation stenting procedures. Thus, we assessed coronary bifurcation stenting techniques using multimodal imaging and 3D modeling in reanimated swine hearts. Harvested swine hearts were reanimated using Visible Heart® methodologies and (under standard fluoroscopic guidance) used to test 1-stent (provisional and inverted provisional) and 2-stent (culotte, TAP and DK-crush) techniques on bifurcations within various coronary vessels using commercially available devices. Intracoronary angioscopy and frequency-domain optical-coherence-tomography (OCT) were obtained during the procedures. 3D OCT reconstruction and micro-computed tomography 3D modeling (post heart fixations) were used to assess stent deformations and stent-wall interactions. We conducted multiple stenting procedures and collected unique endoscopic and OCT images (and subsequent computational models from micro-CT) to assess stent deformations and device/wall interactions during different steps of bifurcation stenting procedures. Endoscopy, micro-CT and virtual reality processing documented that different 1- and 2-stent techniques, practiced according to experts’ recommended steps, achieve optimal post-intervention stent conformation. As compared with intra-procedural endoscopy, software-generated 3D OCT images accurately depicted stent deformations during 1-stent techniques. On the opposite, during more complex 2-stent techniques, some defects were appreciated at 3D OCT reconstruction despite optimal 2D OCT images. This study provided unique insights regarding both stent deformations occurring in the course of bifurcation stenting and the efficacy of OCT to visualize them.
What do humans feel with mistreated humans, animals, robots, and objects? Exploring the role of cognitive empathy
Authors: Mattiassi Alan D. A. , Sarrica Mauro , Cavallo Filippo , Fortunati Leopoldina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present a study in which we compare the degree of empathy that a convenience sample of university students expressed with humans, animals, robots and objects. The present study broadens the spectrum of elements eliciting empathy that has been previously explored while at the same time comparing different facets of empathy. Here we used video clips of mistreated humans, animals, robots, and objects to elicit empathic reactions and to measure attributed emotions. The use of such a broad spectrum of elements allowed us to infer the role of different features of the selected elements, specifically experience (how much the element is able to understand the events of the environment) and degree of anthropo-/zoomorphization. The results show that participants expressed empathy differently with the various social actors being mistreated. A comparison between the present results and previous results on vicarious feelings shows that congruence between self and other experience was not always held, and it was modulated by familiarity with robotic artefacts of daily usage.