bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of opioid use disorder in primary care
Authors: Buresh Megan , Stern Robert , Rastegar Darius 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a common, treatable chronic disease that can be effectively managed in primary care settings. Untreated OUD is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality—notably, overdose, infectious complications of injecting drug use, and profoundly diminished quality of life. Withdrawal management and medication tapers are ineffective and are associated with increased rates of relapse and death. Pharmacotherapy is the evidence based mainstay of OUD treatment, and many studies support its integration into primary care settings. Evidence is strongest for the opioid agonists buprenorphine and methadone, which randomized controlled trials have shown to decrease illicit opioid use and mortality. Discontinuation of opioid agonist therapy is associated with increased rates of relapse and mortality. Less evidence is available for the opioid antagonist extended release naltrexone, with a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials showing decreased illicit opioid use but no effect on mortality. Treating OUD in primary care settings is cost effective, improves outcomes for both OUD and other medical comorbidities, and is highly acceptable to patients. Evidence on whether behavioral interventions improve outcomes for patients receiving pharmacotherapy is mixed, with guidelines promoting voluntary engagement in psychosocial supports, including counseling. Further work is needed to promote the integration of OUD treatment into primary care and to overcome regulatory barriers to integrating methadone into primary care treatment in the US.
‘Because Everybody is so Different’: a qualitative analysis of the lived experiences and information needs of rectal cancer survivors
Authors: Saunders Catherine H , Goldwag Jenaya L , Read Jackson T , Durand Marie-Anne , Elwyn Glyn , Ivatury Srinivas J 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo (1) characterise (A) the lived experiences and (B) information needs of patients with rectal cancer; and (2) compare to the perceived lived experiences and information needs of colorectal surgeons.DesignWe conducted 1-hour semistructured qualitative interviews, dual independent transcript coding and thematic analysis.Setting/participantsInterviews included rectal cancer survivors (stages I–III), some accompanied by caregivers, at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and experienced colorectal surgeons.ResultsWe performed 25 interviews involving 30 participants, including 15 patients with 5 caregivers, plus 10 physicians. Two major themes emerged. First, patients reported major impacts on their lives following rectal cancer, including on their everyday lives and leisure activities; identity, self-confidence and intimacy; mental health, especially anxiety. These impacts were mediated by their medical experiences, lifestyle and attitudes. Second, the diversity of effects on patients’ lives means that care, counselling and information needs should be personalised for a better medical experience and outcomes. Surgeons did not report knowledge of the full range of patient experiences and reported limited counselling in key areas, particularly concerning intimacy and mental health.ConclusionRectal cancer diagnosis, treatment and survivorship dramatically affect all people, regardless of which surgical treatment they undergo. Effects are varied and necessitate customised care, counselling and information, which surgeons are not currently providing. Because rectal cancer affects every part of patients’ lives, they need holistic support and information. Patients would benefit from substantial support after treatment as they establish a new normal.
Hospital staff perspectives on the provision of smoking cessation care: a qualitative description study
Authors: Russell Lahiru , Whiffen Rachel , Chapman Lorena , Just Jasmine , Dean Emma , Ugalde Anna , White Sarah 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the perspectives of hospital staff regarding the provision of smoking cessation care.Study designA qualitative description study using focus group discussions.Study settingData were collected across metropolitan regional and rural hospitals in Victoria, Australia, between November and December 2019.ParticipantsClinical and non-clinical hospital staff.ResultsFive focus groups were conducted across four hospitals. Staff (n=38) across metropolitan regional and rural hospitals shared similar views with regards to barriers and facilitators of smoking cessation care. Four themes were present: (1)Clinical Settingwherein views about opportunity and capacity to embed smoking cessation care, relevant policies and procedures and guidelines were discussed; (2)Knowledgeconsisted of the need for training on the provision of pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions, and awareness of resources; (3)Consistencyrepresented the need for a consistently applied approach to smoking cessation care by all staff and included issues of staff smoking; and (4)Appropriatenessconsisted of questions around how smoking cessation care can be safely delivered in the context of challenging patient groups and different settings.ConclusionsStaff across metropolitan regional and rural hospitals experience similar views and identified shared barriers in implementing smoking cessation care. Responding to staff concerns and providing support to address smoking with patients will help to foster a consistent approach to cessation care. Clear practice guidelines for multidisciplinary clinical roles need to underpin staff training in communication skills, include priorities around smoking cessation care, and provide the authorising environment in which clinical staff actively provide smoking cessation care.
REducing unwarranted variation in the Delivery of high qUality hip fraCture services in England and Wales (REDUCE): protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Patel Rita , Drew Sarah , Johansen Antony , Chesser Tim , Javaid Muhammad K , Griffin Xavier L , Jones Tim , Griffin Jill , Bradshaw Marianne , Whale Katie , Barbosa Estela Capelas , Marques Elsa M R , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Gooberman-Hill Rachael , Judge Andrew , Gregson Celia L 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionSubstantial variation in the delivery of hip fracture care, and patient outcomes persists between hospitals, despite established UK national standards and guidelines. Patients’ outcomes are partly explained by patient-level risk factors, but it is hypothesised that organisational-level factors account for the persistence of unwarranted variation in outcomes. The mixed-methods REducing unwarranted variation in the Delivery of high qUality hip fraCture services in England and Wales (REDUCE) study, aims to determine key organisational factors to target to improve patient care.Methods and analysisQuantitative analysis will assess the outcomes of patients treated at 172 hospitals in England and Wales (2016–2019) using National Hip Fracture Database data combined with English Hospital Episodes Statistics; Patient Episode Database for Wales; Civil Registration (deaths) and multiple organisational-level audits to characterise each service provider. Statistical analyses will identify which organisational factors explain variation in patient outcomes, and typify care pathways with high-quality consistent patient outcomes. Documentary analysis of 20 anonymised British Orthopaedic Association hospital-initiated peer-review reports, and qualitative interviews with staff from four diverse UK hospitals providing hip fracture care, will identify barriers and facilitators to care delivery. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a major challenge to the resilience of services and interviews will explore strategies used to adapt and innovate. This system-wide understanding will inform the development, in partnership with key national stakeholders, of an ‘Implementation Toolkit’ to inform and improve commissioning and delivery of hip fracture services.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved: quantitative study by London, City and East Research Ethics Committee (20/LO/0101); and qualitative study by Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bristol Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 108284), National Health Service (NHS) Health Research Authority (20/HRA/71) and each NHS Trust provided Research and Development approval. Findings will be disseminated through scientific conferences, peer-reviewed journals and online workshops.
Correlation between circulating blood and microenvironment T lymphocytes in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Laddaga Filomena Emanuela , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Mestice Anna , Tamma Roberto , Perrone Tommasina , Maiorano Eugenio , Ribatti Domenico , Specchia Giorgina , Gaudio Francesco 
Published: May 2021

AimsDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is characterised by marked clinical and biological heterogeneity, attributable to the tumour cells and their microenvironment.MethodsIn this study, we investigated circulating subsets of blood lymphocytes and monocytes and their relationship with T cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME) in chemoresistant and chemosensitive patients with DLBCL.ResultsThe study showed that (1) absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and CD3+ and CD4+ cells were reduced in chemoresistant patients compared with chemosensitive patients; (2) lymphocyte:monocyte ratio (LMR) showed a positive correlation with peripheral blood CD3+ and CD4+ cells; (3) ALC, LMR, peripheral blood CD3+ and CD4+ cells showed a positive correlation with T cells in the TME.ConclusionsOverall, these data suggest that DLBCL with high TME T cells display a pre-existing antitumour immune response. In the rituximab-containing regimen, TME T cells are stimulated further to participate in the immune response against lymphoma cells. In contrast, DLBCL lymphomas with low T-cell infiltration reflect the absence of a pre-existing antitumour immunity and have a lower likelihood of obtaining an optimal response to therapy.
Nuclear-specific accumulation oftelomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT) mRNA inTERTpromoter mutated follicular thyroid tumours visualised by in situ hybridisation: a possible clinical screening tool?
Authors: Hellgren L Samuel , Olsson Ann , Kaufeldt Ann , Paulsson Johan O , Hysek Martin , Stenman Adam , Zedenius Jan , Larsson Catharina , Höög Anders , Juhlin C Christofer 
Published: May 2021

AimsUpregulation of thetelomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT) gene is a frequent finding in follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) with metastatic features. The augmented expression is usually caused byTERTpromoter mutations. As TERT protein immunohistochemistry might not correlate toTERTmRNA levels in follicular thyroid tumours, we therefore sought to determine if visualisation ofTERTmRNA through in situ hybridisation could highlight high-risk cases.MethodsWe collected formalin-fixated paraffin-embedded tissues from 26 follicular thyroid tumours; 7 FTCs, 2 follicular thyroid tumours of uncertain malignant potential (FT-UMPs) and a single Hürthle cell carcinoma with establishedTERTpromoter mutations and gene expression, as well as 16 FTCs with noTERTgene aberrancy or gene expression, and assessed them using RNA Scope in situ hybridisation (ISH) andTERTprobes targeting the two mainTERTtranscripts (TERT1 and TERT2).ResultsTERT 1and/or2mRNA was found by ISH in 8/10 cases with established promoter mutations and mRNA expression, whereas all 16 cases withoutTERTgene aberrancies or gene expression were negative (Fisher’s exact p<0.001). Strikingly,TERTmRNA was visualised in the nuclear compartment only, thereby corroborating earlier studies suggesting a non-conventional role forTERTin tumour biology. Moreover,TERTmRNA expression was scattered across the tissue sections and only found in a few percentages of tumour nuclei.ConclusionsTERTmRNA seems to be focally expressed and localised exclusively to the nucleus inTERTpromoter mutated follicular thyroid tumours, possibly reflecting a true biological and unorthodox phenomenon worthy of further investigations.
Analytic non-Abelian gravitating solitons in the Einstein–Yang–Mills–Higgs theory and transitions between them
Authors: Canfora Fabrizio , Oh Seung Hun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo analytic examples of globally regular non-Abelian gravitating solitons in the Einstein–Yang–Mills–Higgs theory in (3 + 1)-dimensions are presented. In both cases, the space-time geometries are of the Nariai type and the Yang–Mills field is completely regular and of meron type (namely, proportional to a pure gauge). However, while in the first family (type I) $$X_{0} = 1/2$$

X
0

=
1
/
2

(as in all the known examples of merons available so far) and the Higgs field is trivial, in the second family (type II) $$X_{0} = 1/2$$

X
0

=
1
/
2

is not 1/2 and the Higgs field is non-trivial. We compare the entropies of type I and type II families determining when type II solitons are favored over type I solitons: the VEV of the Higgs field plays a crucial role in determining the phases of the system. The Klein–Gordon equation for test scalar fields coupled to the non-Abelian fields of the gravitating solitons can be written as the sum of a two-dimensional D’Alembert operator plus a Hamiltonian which has been proposed in the literature to describe the four-dimensional Quantum Hall Effect (QHE): the difference between type I and type II solutions manifests itself in a difference between the degeneracies of the corresponding energy levels.
SIR-GN: A Fast Structural Iterative Representation Learning Approach For Graph Nodes
Authors: Joaristi Mikel , Serra Edoardo 
Published: May 2021

Graph representation learning methods have attracted an increasing amount of attention in recent years. These methods focus on learning a numerical representation of the nodes in a graph. Learning these representations is a powerful instrument for tasks such as graph mining, visualization, and hashing. They are of particular interest because they facilitate the direct use of standard machine learning models on graphs. Graph representation learning methods can be divided into two main categories: methods preserving the connectivity information of the nodes and methods preserving nodes’ structural information. Connectivity-based methods focus on encoding relationships between nodes, with connected nodes being closer together in the resulting latent space. While methods preserving structure generate a latent space where nodes serving a similar structural function in the network are encoded close to each other, independently of them being connected or even close to each other in the graph. While there are a lot of works that focus on preserving node connectivity, only a few works focus on preserving nodes’ structure. Properly encoding nodes’ structural information is fundamental for many real-world applications as it has been demonstrated that this information can be leveraged to successfully solve many tasks where connectivity-based methods usually fail. A typical example is the task of node classification, i.e., the assignment or prediction of a particular label for a node. Current limitations of structural representation methods are their scalability, representation meaning, and no formal proof that guaranteed the preservation of structural properties. We propose a new graph representation learning method, called Structural Iterative Representation learning approach for Graph Nodes (
SIR-GN
). In this work, we propose two variations (
SIR-GN: GMM
and
SIR-GN: K-Means
) and show how our best variation
SIR-GN: K-Means
: (1) theoretically guarantees the preservation of graph structural similarities, (2) provides a clear meaning about its representation and a way to interpret it with a specifically designed attribution procedure, and (3) is scalable and fast to compute. In addition, from our experiment, we show that
SIR-GN: K-Means
is often better or, in the worst-case comparable than the existing structural graph representation learning methods present in the literature. Also, we empirically show its superior scalability and computational performance when compared to other existing approaches.
Factor-Bounded Nonnegative Matrix Factorization
Authors: Liu Kai , Li Xiangyu , Zhu Zhihui , Brand Lodewijk , Wang Hua 
Published: May 2021

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is broadly used to determine class membership in a variety of clustering applications. From movie recommendations and image clustering to visual feature extractions, NMF has applications to solve a large number of knowledge discovery and data mining problems. Traditional optimization methods, such as the Multiplicative Updating Algorithm (MUA), solves the NMF problem by utilizing an auxiliary function to ensure that the objective monotonically decreases. Although the objective in MUA converges, there exists no proof to show that the learned matrix factors converge as well. Without this rigorous analysis, the clustering performance and stability of the NMF algorithms cannot be guaranteed. To address this knowledge gap, in this article, we study the factor-bounded NMF problem and provide a solution algorithm with proven convergence by rigorous mathematical analysis, which ensures that both the objective and matrix factors converge. In addition, we show the relationship between MUA and our solution followed by an analysis of the convergence of MUA. Experiments on both toy data and real-world datasets validate the correctness of our proposed method and its utility as an effective clustering algorithm.
Keynote
Authors: Weber Ingo 
Published: May 2021

Blockchain is a novel distributed ledger technology. Through its features and smart contract capabilities, a wide range of application areas opened up for blockchain-based innovation [5].
In order to analyse how concrete blockchain systems as well as blockchain applications are used, data must be extracted from these systems. Due to various complexities inherent in blockchain, the question how to interpret such data is non-trivial. Such interpretation should often be shared among parties, e.g., if they collaborate via a blockchain. To this end, we devised an approach codify the interpretation of blockchain data, to extract data from blockchains accordingly, and to output it in suitable formats [1, 2]. This work will be the main topic of the keynote.
In addition, application developers and users of blockchain applications may want to estimate the cost of using or operating a blockchain application. In the keynote, I will also discuss our cost estimation method [3, 4]. This method was designed for the Ethereum blockchain platform, where cost also relates to transaction complexity, and therefore also to system throughput.
Single-Atom Ni Heterogeneous Catalysts Supported UiO-66 Structure: Synthesis and Catalytic Activities
Authors: Hoa Le Thi , Nhi Le Thi Thanh , Sơn Le Van Thanh , Linh Nguyen Le My , Hai Ho Van Minh , Khieu Dinh Quang 
Published: May 2021

Herein, the single-atom Ni site heterogeneous catalysts supported by the UiO-66 structure (University of Oslo-66 metal organic framework) were successfully synthesized by a postsynthetic metalation method, where Ni ions are covalently attached to the missing-linker defect sites at zirconium oxide clusters (Zr6O4(OH)4) in as-prepared UiO-66 structure, [Zr6O4(OH)4(BDC)(DMF)10(OH)10] (BDC (benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate), DMF (dimethylformamide)). The structure properties of the catalysts were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). It was found that single-atom Ni heterogeneous catalysts supported by the UiO-66 structure, UiO-66/Ni1.0 [Zr6O4(OH)4(C8H4O4)(DMF)10(OH)8Ni2(OH)2(Cl)2], showed a sphere-like morphology with a high specific surface area as well as good thermal stability. Specifically, the as-prepared UiO-66/Ni1.0 exhibited the excellent catalytic activity and stability for 4-nitrophenol reduction in terms of low activation energy (

E

a

=
23.15

kJ

mo

l

−
1

), high turnover frequency (76.19 molecules g-1 min-1), and high apparent rate constant (

k

app

=
0.956
mi

n

−
1

). In addition, methylene blue (MB) was also chosen as the organic dye model for catalytic reduction reaction. The

k

app

and TOF for the reduction of MB using UiO-66/Ni1.0 were 0.787 min−1 and

33.89
×

10

20

molecules g−1 min−1, respectively.
Updated Review of Major Cancer Risk Factors and Screening Test Use in the United States in 2018 and 2019, with a Focus on Smoking Cessation
Authors: Bandi Priti , Minihan Adair K. , Siegel Rebecca L. , Islami Farhad , Nargis Nigar , Jemal Ahmedin , Fedewa Stacey A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cancer prevention and early detection efforts are central to reducing cancer burden. Herein, we present estimates of cancer risk factors and screening tests in 2018 and 2019 among US adults, with a focus on smoking cessation. Cigarette smoking reached a historic low in 2019 (14.2%) partly because 61.7% (54.9 million) of all persons who had ever smoked had quit. Yet, the quit ratio was &lt;45% among lower-income, uninsured, and Medicaid-insured persons, and was &lt;55% among Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, lower-educated, lesbian, gay or bisexual, and recent immigrant persons, and in 12 of 17 Southern states. Obesity levels remain high (2017–2018: 42.4%) and were disproportionately higher among Black (56.9%) and Hispanic (43.7%) women. HPV vaccination in adolescents 13 to 17 years remains underutilized and over 40% were not up-to-date in 2019. Cancer screening prevalence was suboptimal in 2018 (colorectal cancer ≥50 years: 65.6%; breast ≥45 years: 63.2%; cervical 21–65 years: 83.7%), especially among uninsured adults (colorectal: 29.8%; breast: 31.1%). This snapshot of cancer prevention and early detection measures was mixed, and substantial racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities persisted. However, gains could be accelerated with targeted interventions to increase smoking cessation in under-resourced populations, stem the obesity epidemic, and improve screening and HPV vaccination coverage.