bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fächerunterschiede in der digitalen Hochschulbildung – eine Analyse auf Basis von Publikationsdaten
Authors: Gross Philipp , Shajek Alexandra , Stelter Annette , Tödt Katia , Winterhager Nicolas 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag untersucht anhand eines Scoping Reviews, wie sich die Nutzung digitaler Formate, Methoden und technologischer Ansätze des Lehrens und Lernens an Hochschulen im Zeitverlauf (1971–2019) verändert hat. Neben allgemeinen Entwicklungstrends stehen dabei insbesondere fachspezifische Unterschiede im Fokus, da erste Forschungsarbeiten darauf hindeuten, dass die Digitalisierung der Lehre in den einzelnen Disziplinen mit unterschiedlichen Schwerpunkten erfolgt (zum Beispiel Dicheva et al. 2015; Hoyer und Mundt 2017; Kaeding und Scholz 2012). Datengrundlage der Analyse bilden Publikationen aus der Datenbank Scopus, die sich mit digitaler Hochschulbildung beschäftigen. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich punktuelle Unterschiede zwischen den Fächergruppen im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs zur digitalen Hochschulbildung. So sind beispielsweise Publikationen zu MOOCs besonders im Bereich der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften zu finden. Gamification ist besonders in den Ingenieurwissenschaften ein Thema und problem based learning im Bereich Humanmedizin/Gesundheitswissenschaften. Diese fachspezifischen Besonderheiten lassen sich jedoch in deutlich geringerem Ausmaß nachweisen als erwartet. Die Ergebnisse ließen sich so interpretieren, dass die Chancen der Digitalisierung, die sich insbesondere in der Verknüpfung mit den Besonderheiten der jeweiligen Fachkultur für die Hochschullehre ergeben, noch nicht genügend ergriffen werden.
Landeshochschulverbünde in der digitalen Hochschulbildung. Ziele, Leitideen, Synergiepotenziale
Authors: Ladwig Tina , Arndt Christiane 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag gibt Einblick in das Forschungsprojekt BRIDGING. Im Fokus stehen formalisierte Hochschulverbünde auf Bundeslandebene im Themenfeld Digitalisierung in Studium und Lehre. Ausgehend von einem kurzen (historischen) Überblick über aktuelle Landesinitiativen in Deutschland, werden Motive, Ziele und Leitideen vorgestellt. Danach werden Einschätzungen von Akteur*innen zu möglichen Synergien hinsichtlich einer Bundesland- und damit netzwerkübergreifenden Zusammenarbeit dargelegt. Ziel ist es, eine empirische Annäherung an einen ganzheitlichen bundesweiten Überblick über Motive, Leitideen und Umsetzungsansätze im Rahmen bestehender Netzwerke und Landesinitiativen zu geben. Die Basis hierfür bilden sowohl Expert*inneninterviews als auch eine nicht repräsentative Umfrage in den unterschiedlichen Netzwerken.
Model theory of monadic predicate logic with the infinity quantifier
Authors: Carreiro Facundo , Facchini Alessandro , Venema Yde , Zanasi Fabio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper establishes model-theoretic properties of$$\texttt {M} \texttt {E} ^{\infty }$$ME∞, a variation of monadic first-order logic that features the generalised quantifier$$\exists ^\infty $$∃∞(‘there are infinitely many’). We will also prove analogous versions of these results in the simpler setting of monadic first-order logic with and without equality ($$\texttt {M} \texttt {E} $$MEand$$\texttt {M} $$M, respectively). For each logic$$\texttt {L} \in \{ \texttt {M} , \texttt {M} \texttt {E} , \texttt {M} \texttt {E} ^{\infty }\}$$L∈{M,ME,ME∞}we will show the following. We provide syntactically defined fragments of$$\texttt {L} $$Lcharacterising four different semantic properties of$$\texttt {L} $$L-sentences: (1) being monotone and (2) (Scott) continuous in a given set of monadic predicates; (3) having truth preserved under taking submodels or (4) being truth invariant under taking quotients. In each case, we produce an effectively defined map that translates an arbitrary sentence$$\varphi $$φto a sentence$$\varphi ^\mathsf{p}$$φpbelonging to the corresponding syntactic fragment, with the property that$$\varphi $$φis equivalent to$$\varphi ^\mathsf{p}$$φpprecisely when it has the associated semantic property. As a corollary of our developments, we obtain that the four semantic properties above are decidable for$$\texttt {L} $$L-sentences.
Effective Technique for Pancreas Transplantation by Iliac Vascular Transposition, Without Heparin‐Based Anticoagulation Therapy
Authors: Kaku Keizo , Okabe Yasuhiro , Sato Yu , Hisadome Yu , Mei Takanori , Noguchi Hiroshi , Nakamura Masafumi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate patients undergoing a new procedure, iliac vascular transposition, in pancreas transplantation regarding the risk of thrombosis and graft survival without heparin‐based anticoagulation therapy.MethodsIliac vascular transposition (IVT) involves changing the positions of the external iliac artery and vein relative to each other. In this study, this technique was evaluated in patients undergoing the procedure compared with patients not undergoing the procedure (iliac vascular parallel (IVP) group).ResultsNo patients received prophylactic heparin therapy. Two patients in the IVP group (n = 26) developed complete thrombosis and six developed partial thrombosis, compared with no patients with complete thrombosis and one with partial thrombosis in the IVT group (n = 29). The cumulative incidence of thrombosis was significantly higher in the IVP group (p < 0.01). Cox regression revealed that not receiving iliac vascular transposition was the only significant risk factor for thrombosis (odds ratio: 10.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.27–81.2; p = 0.03). One‐year graft survival was significantly better in the IVT group vs IVP group (p = 0.03).ConclusionsIVT in pancreas transplantation is a simple technique that results in a lower thrombosis risk and better graft survival rates without heparin‐based anticoagulation therapy.
The influence of direct radiative forcing versus indirect sea surface temperature warming on southern hemisphere subtropical anticyclones under global warming
Authors: Fahad Abdullah A. , Burls Natalie J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSouthern hemisphere subtropical anticyclones are projected to change in a warmer climate during both austral summer and winter. A recent study of CMIP 5 & 6 projections found a combination of local diabatic heating changes and static-stability-induced changes in baroclinic eddy growth as the dominant drivers. Yet the underlying mechanisms forcing these changes still remain uninvestigated. This study aims to enhance our mechanistic understanding of what drives these Southern Hemisphere anticyclones changes during both seasons. Using an AGCM, we decompose the response to CO2-induced warming into two components: (1) the fast atmospheric response to direct CO2radiative forcing, and (2) the slow atmospheric response due to indirect sea surface temperature warming. Additionally, we isolate the influence of tropical diabatic heating with AGCM added heating experiments. As a complement to our numerical AGCM experiments, we analyze the Atmospheric and Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project experiments. Results from sensitivity experiments show that slow subtropical sea surface temperature warming primarily forces the projected changes in subtropical anticyclones through baroclinicity change. Fast CO2atmospheric radiative forcing on the other hand plays a secondary role, with the most notable exception being the South Atlantic subtropical anticyclone in austral winter, where it opposes the forcing by sea surface temperature changes resulting in a muted net response. Lastly, we find that tropical diabatic heating changes only significantly influence Southern Hemisphere subtropical anticyclone changes through tropospheric wind shear changes during austral winter.
Estimating the global burden of Epstein–Barr virus-related cancers
Authors: Wong Yide , Meehan Michael T. , Burrows Scott R. , Doolan Denise L. , Miles John J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
More than 90% of the adult population globally is chronically infected by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). It is well established that EBV is associated with a number of malignancies, and advances in knowledge of EBV-related malignancies are being made every year. Several studies have analysed the global epidemiology and geographic distribution of EBV-related cancers. However, most have only described a single cancer type or subtype in isolation or limited their study to the three or four most common EBV-related cancers. This review will present an overview on the spectrum of cancers linked to EBV based on observations of associations and proportions in the published literature while also using these observations to estimate the incidence and mortality burden of some of these cancers.

Method
We have reviewed the literature on defining features, distribution and outcomes across six cancers with a relatively large EBV-related case burden: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), Gastric carcinoma (GC), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, Nasal type (ENKTL-NT). We retrieved published region-specific EBV-related case proportions for NPC, GC, HL and BL and performed meta-analyses on pooled region-specific studies of EBV-related case proportions for DLBCL and ENKTL-NT. We match these pooled proportions with their respective regional incidence and mortality numbers retrieved from a publicly available cancer database. Additionally, we also reviewed the literature on several other less common EBV-related cancers to summarize their key characteristics herein.

Conclusion
We estimated that EBV-related cases from these six cancers accounted for 239,700–357,900 new cases and 137,900–208,700 deaths in 2020. This review highlights the significant global impact of EBV-related cancers and extends the spectrum of disease that could benefit from an EBV-specific therapeutic.
Population pharmacokinetic model selection assisted by machine learning
Authors: Sibieude Emeric , Khandelwal Akash , Girard Pascal , Hesthaven Jan S. , Terranova Nadia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA fit-for-purpose structural and statistical model is the first major requirement in population pharmacometric model development. In this manuscript we discuss how this complex and computationally intensive task could benefit from supervised machine learning algorithms. We compared the classical pharmacometric approach with two machine learning methods, genetic algorithm and neural networks, in different scenarios based on simulated pharmacokinetic data. Genetic algorithm performance was assessed using a fitness function based on log-likelihood, whilst neural networks were trained using mean square error or binary cross-entropy loss. Machine learning provided a selection based only on statistical rules and achieved accurate selection. The minimization process of genetic algorithm was successful at allowing the algorithm to select plausible models. Neural network classification tasks achieved the most accurate results. Neural network regression tasks were less precise than neural network classification and genetic algorithm methods. The computational gain obtained by using machine learning was substantial, especially in the case of neural networks. We demonstrated that machine learning methods can greatly increase the efficiency of pharmacokinetic population model selection in case of large datasets or complex models requiring long run-times. Our results suggest that machine learning approaches can achieve a first fast selection of models which can be followed by more conventional pharmacometric approaches.
Formal and informal entrepreneurship: a cross-country policy perspective
Authors: Laing Elaine , van Stel André , Storey David J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper distinguishes between formal and informal entrepreneurship. It theorises that each are influenced by very different combinations of macro-economic factors and strongly moderated by country income levels. Empirically, we show the ease of starting a business and high-quality governance, exert a powerful influence on formal, but not informal entrepreneurship. The latter is influenced by self-employment rates in low-income countries and by female labour force participation in high-income countries. Policy-makers seeking to improve economic welfare through enhancing entrepreneurship therefore have to choose the ‘type’ of entrepreneurship on which to focus and then select appropriate policies. By providing a novel grouping of these policies, we are able to assist them in making these choices.
Bullying in Five European Countries: Evidence for Bringing Gendered Phenomena Under the Umbrella of ‘Sexual Bullying’ in Research and Practice
Authors: Turner-Moore Rhys , Milnes Kate , Gough Brendan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSexual bullying refers to bullying or harassment that is sexualised, related to sexuality, and/or related to gender expression (Duncan, 1999). Research on sexual bullying is disparate and still developing as a field. This study extends on this research through a mixed-methods analysis of the different forms of sexual bullying and the relationships between them across five European nations. Participants were 253 young people (aged 13–18) from Bulgaria, England, Italy, Latvia and Slovenia. As part of focus groups on sexual bullying, participants individually and anonymously completed a Sexual Bullying Questionnaire (SBQ), comprising closed- and open-ended questions about their experiences of victimisation and bullying their peers. Factor analysis identified five forms of sexual bullying victimisation and two forms of sexual bullying towards peers. The quantitative and qualitative findings indicated that bullying or harassment that is sexualised, related to sexuality, and/or related to gender expression are associated with each other. Further, sexual bullying was found to be common to all five European countries indicating that it is a cross-national issue. The associations between sexualised, sexuality and gender expression bullying or harassment support the use of the term sexual bullying to unite these forms of peer victimisation in research and practice. Further, all countries studied require initiatives to address sexual bullying, and the gender and sexual norms that may contribute to it, with tailoring to the country context.
Scheduling Hardware-Accelerated Cloud Functions
Authors: Vandebon Jessica , Coutinho Jose G. F. , Luk Wayne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) approach for deploying managed cloud functions onto heterogeneous cloud infrastructures. Current FaaS systems, such as AWS Lambda, allow domain-specific functionality, such as AI, HPC and image processing, to be deployed in the cloud while abstracting users from infrastructure and platform concerns. Existing approaches, however, use a single type of resource configuration to execute all function requests. In this paper, we present a novel FaaS approach that allows cloud functions to be effectively executed across heterogeneous compute resources, including hardware accelerators such as GPUs and FPGAs. We implement heterogeneous scheduling to tailor resource selection to each request, taking into account performance and cost concerns. In this way, our approach makes use of different processor types and quantities (e.g. 2 CPU cores), uniquely suited to handle different types of workload, potentially providing improved performance at a reduced cost. We validate our approach in three application domains: machine learning, bio-informatics, and physics, and target a hardware platform with a combined computational capacity of 24 FPGAs and 12 CPU cores. Compared to traditional FaaS, our approach achieves a cost improvement for non-uniform traffic of up to 8.9 times, while maintaining performance objectives.
Educational Expectations of Left-behind Children in China: Determinants and Gender Differences
Authors: Huang Yeqing , Gong Huihui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn response to the relatively low educational attainment of left-behind children in China, this article examines the determinants of educational expectations among left-behind children and how these differ by gender by analyzing data collected from 2215 left-behind children in southwestern China. Multinomial logistic regression models of educational expectations that incorporate family economic status, care arrangement under different parental migration patterns, and significant others are tested by gender and school level. The results prove that all of the above incorporated factors affect the educational expectations of left-behind children to a considerable extent. Comparisons of educational expectations are made between left-behind children in primary school and junior high school and between different genders. The results show that male advantages in educational expectations exist only during primary school, and female left-behind children surpass male children to have higher educational expectations during junior high school. This suggests a distinctive influence of care arrangements on educational expectations between genders. For female children, grandparental care and a higher frequency of parental contact during migration could be substituted for parental absence. However, for male children, grandparental care does not fully substitute for parental care, and parental migration seems to be more detrimental to them. The findings add to our understanding of the dynamic relationship among parental migration, gender inequality, and educational opportunity among left-behind children in general.
Coaching zum Spannungsfeld von Dominanz und Unterordnung – Perspektiven für eine situationsadäquate Selbstregulation
Authors: Stoll Michael 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Forschung widmete sich der Frage, wie Einzelcoaching dazu beiträgt, dass Coachees eine situationsadäquate Selbstregulation von Dominanz und Unterordnung gelingt. Zunächst wird die Relevanz des Themas für die Coachingpraxis und das Spannungsfeld von Dominanz und Unterordnung erörtert. Das Instrument der operationalisierten psychodynamischen Diagnostik diente als Grundlage für das Forschungsdesign. Anschließend wird die verwendete Methode beschrieben, und die Ergebnisse der Forschung werden komprimiert dargelegt. Schließlich werden einzelne inhaltliche Kernaspekte diskutiert und Implikationen für die Beratungspraxis angeführt.
A Young Japanese Patient with Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 Presenting Depressive State with Cenesthopathy and Delusion: a Case Report
Authors: Okamoto Naomichi , Ikenouchi Atsuko , Ide Satoru , Hashimoto Yu , Yoshimura Reiji 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Depressive state is a common complication of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). To the best of our knowledge, cases of SCA3 presenting with cenesthopathy have not been described. Here, we present a case of a severe depressive state with cenesthopathy and delusion in a young Japanese man with SCA3. A 43-year-old Japanese man with SCA3 developed a severe depressive state with associated cenesthopathy and delusion. He was treated with escitalopram (10 mg/day) and olanzapine (2.5 mg/day). Computed tomography showed atrophy of the cerebellum, bilateral superior cerebellar peduncle, and tegmentum of the pons. Single-photon emission computed tomography demonstrated reduced blood flow in the cerebellum, vermis, and brainstem. After 8 weeks, his depressive state and delusion improved; however, his cenesthopathy persisted. We encountered a case of a severe depressive state with cenesthopathy and delusion in a young Japanese man with SCA3. This case supports previous studies that the cerebellum could have a role beyond motor functions.
Explaining Dynamic Changes in Various Asset’s Relationships in Financial Markets
Authors: Naraoka Makoto , Hayashi Teruaki , Yoshino Takaaki , Sugie Toshiaki , Takano Kota , Ohsawa Yukio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study the method for detecting relationship changes in financial markets and providing human-interpretable network visualization to support the decision-making of fund managers dealing with multi-assets. First, we construct co-occurrence networks with each asset as a node and a pair with a strong relationship in price change as an edge at each time step. Second, we calculate Graph-Based Entropy to represent the variety of price changes based on the network. Third, we apply the Differential Network to finance, which is traditionally used in the field of bioinformatics. By the method described above, we can visualize when and what kind of changes are occurring in the financial market, and which assets play a central role in changes in financial markets. Experiments with multi-asset time-series data showed results that were well fit with actual events while maintaining high interpretability. It is suggested that this approach is useful for fund managers to use as a new option for decision-making.
Action recognition based on dynamic mode decomposition
Authors: Dong Shuai , Zhang Weixi , Wang Wei , Zou Kun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBased on dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), a new empirical feature for quasi-few-shot setting (QFSS) skeleton-based action recognition (SAR) is proposed in this study. DMD linearizes the system and extracts the modes in the form of flattened system matrix or stacked eigenvalues, named the DMD feature. The DMD feature has three advantages. The first advantage is its translational and rotational invariance with respect to the change in the localization and pose of the camera. The second one is its clear physical meaning, that is, if a skeleton trajectory was treated as the output of a nonlinear closed-loop system, then the modes of the system represent the intrinsic dynamic property of the motion. Finally, the last one is its compact length and its simple calculation without training. The information contained by the DMD feature is not as complete as that of the feature extracted using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). However, the DMD feature can be concatenated with CNN features to greatly improve their performance in QFSS tasks, in which we do not have adequate samples to train a deep CNN directly or numerous support sets for standard few-shot learning methods. Four QFSS datasets of SAR named CMU, Badminton, miniNTU-xsub, and miniNTU-xview, are established based on the widely used public datasets to validate the performance of the DMD feature. A group of experiments is conducted to analyze intrinsic properties of DMD, whereas another group focuses on its auxiliary functions. Experimental results show that the DMD feature can improve the performance of most typical CNN features in QFSS SAR tasks.