bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress distribution and displacement of three different types of micro-implant assisted rapid maxillary expansion (MARME): a three-dimensional finite element study
Authors: André C. B. , Rino-Neto J. , Iared W. , Pasqua B. P. M. , Nascimento F. D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background/objective
Until 2010, adults underwent surgical treatment for maxillary expansion; however, with the advent of micro-implant-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (MARME), the availability of less invasive treatment options has increased. Nevertheless, individuals with severe transverse maxillary deficiency do not benefit from this therapy. This has aroused interest in creating a new device that allows the benefit of maxillary expansion for these individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three MARME models according to tension points, force distribution, and areas of concentration in the craniofacial complex when transverse forces are applied using finite element analysis.

Materials and methods
Digital modeling of the three MARME models was performed. Model A comprised five components: one body screw expander and four adjustable arms with rings for mini-implant insertion. These arms have an individualized height adjustment that allows MARME positioning according to the patient’s palatal anatomy, thereby preventing body screw expander collision with the lateral mucosa in severe cases of maxillary deficiency. Model B was a maxillary expander with screw rings joined to the body, and model C was similar to model B, except that model C had open rings for the insertion of the mini-implants. Through the MEF (Ansys software), the stresses, distribution, and area of concentration of the stresses were evaluated when transverse forces of 7.85 N were applied.

Results
The three models maintained the following pattern: model C presented weak stress peaks with limited distribution and lower concentration area, model B obtained median stress peaks with better distribution when compared to that of model C, and model A showed better stress distribution and larger concentration area. In model A, tensions were located in the lateral lamina of the pterygoid process, which is an important site for maxillary expansion. The limitation of the present study was that it did not include the periodontal tissues and muscles in the finite element method evaluation.

Conclusions
Model A showed the best stress distribution conditions. In cases of severe atresia, model A seems to be an excellent option.
RTP4 is a novel prognosis-related hub gene in cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Li Yiqi , Qi Jue , Yang Jiankang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
Melanoma accounts for 80% of skin cancer deaths. The pathogenesis of melanoma is regulated by gene networks. Thus, we aimed here to identify gene networks and hub genes associated with melanoma and to further identify their underlying mechanisms.

Methods
GTEx (normal skin) and TCGA (melanoma tumor) RNA-seq datasets were employed for this purpose. We conducted weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key modules and hub genes associated with melanoma. Log-rank analysis and multivariate Cox model analysis were performed to identify prognosis genes, which were validated using two independent melanoma datasets. We also evaluated the correlation between prognostic gene and immune cell infiltration.

Results
The blue module was the most relevant for melanoma and was thus considered the key module. Intersecting genes were identified between this module and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Finally, 72 genes were identified and verified as hub genes using the Oncomine database. Log-rank analysis and multivariate Cox model analysis identified 13 genes that were associated with the prognosis of the metastatic melanoma group, and RTP4 was validated as a prognostic gene using two independent melanoma datasets. RTP4 was not previously associated with melanoma. When we evaluated the correlation between prognostic gene and immune cell infiltration, we discovered that RTP4 was associated with immune cell infiltration. Further, RTP4 was significantly associated with genes encoding components of immune checkpoints (PDCD1, TIM-3, and LAG3).

Conclusions
RTP4 is a novel prognosis-related hub gene in cutaneous melanoma. The novel gene RTP4 identified here will facilitate the exploration of the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis and progression of melanoma and the discovery of potential new target for drug therapy.
High-entropy chaos generation using semiconductor lasers subject to intensity-modulated optical injection for certified physical random number generation
Authors: Tseng Chin-Hao , Funabashi Ryo , Kanno Kazutaka , Uchida Atsushi , Wei Chia-Chien , Hwang Sheng-Kwang 
Published: June 2021

This study investigates high-entropy chaos generation using a semiconductor laser subject to intensity-modulated optical injection for certified physical random number generation. Chaos with a continuous spectral profile that is not only widely distributed but also broadly flattened over a bandwidth of 33 GHz is generated. The former suggests that the chaos can be sampled at a high rate while keeping sufficient un-correlation between data samples, and the latter indicates that the chaos possesses high entropy, both of which enhance the generation rate of physical random numbers with guaranteed unpredictability. A minimum entropy value of 2.19 bits/sample is obtained without any post-processing and by excluding the contribution from measurement noise, suggesting that, to the least extent, the chaotic source can be used as a 2-bit physical random number generator at a rate of 160 Gbits/s.
The Mexico SimSmoke tobacco control policy model: Development of a simulation model of daily and nondaily cigarette smoking
Authors: Sánchez-Romero Luz María , Zavala-Arciniega Luis , Reynales-Shigematsu Luz Myriam , de Miera-Juárez Belén Sáenz , Yuan Zhe , Li Yameng , Lau Yan Kwan , Fleischer Nancy L. , Meza Rafael , Thrasher James F. , Levy David T. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Nondaily smoking has been on the rise, especially in Mexico. While Mexico has strengthened its tobacco control policies, their effects on nondaily smokers have gone largely unexamined. We developed a simulation model to estimate the impact of tobacco control policies on daily and nondaily smoking in Mexico.

Methods
A previously validated Mexico SimSmoke model that estimated overall trends in smoking prevalence from 2002 through 2013 was extended to 2018 and adapted to distinguish daily and nondaily smoking prevalence. The model was then validated using data from Mexican surveys through 2016. To gauge the potential effects of policies, we compared the trends in smoking under current policies with trends from policies kept at their 2002 levels.

Results
Between 2002 and 2016, Mexico SimSmoke underestimated the reduction in male and female daily smoking rates. For nondaily smoking, SimSmoke predicted a decline among both males and females, while survey rates showed increasing rates in both genders, primarily among ages 15–44. Of the total reduction in smoking rates predicted by the model by 2018, tax policies account for more than 55%, followed by health warnings, cessation treatment, smoke-free air laws, and tobacco control spending.

Conclusions
Although Mexico SimSmoke did not successfully explain trends in daily and nondaily smoking, it helps to identify gaps in surveillance and policy evaluation for nondaily smokers. Future research should consider appropriate measures of nondaily smoking prevalence, trajectories between daily and nondaily smoking, and the separate impact of tobacco control policies on each group.
Kesultanan Banjar: Peranan dalam persebaran Islam di Kalimantan (abad XVI M - XIX M)
Authors: Miranti Alfrida Dyah , Ayundasari Lutfiah 
Published: June 2021

Several theories and hypotheses suggest that Islam entered the archipelago around the VII century AD or XIII AD. Thus, the entry of Islam led to the emergence of Islamic kingdoms or often known as the Sultanate. In Kalimantan, there is an Islamic kingdom, namely the Banjar Sultanate. The Demak Sultanate influenced the process of developing Islam in the Banjar Sultanate. After getting the influence of Islam, the Banjar Sultanate government made efforts to Islamize several areas where the people were not yet Muslim with the help of local scholars. Since the arrival of the scholars in Kalimantan, the process of spreading Islam began to develop rapidly. On this basis, the purpose of the preparation of this article is to determine the process of Islamization in the Banjar Sultanate from the XVI M to XIX M centuries. The methods used are historical and qualitative methods, namely in the form of Library Research. This article contains about the condition of Banjar before the entry of Islam, the process of spreading Islam, and the ulama who played a role in the process of spreading Islam in the Banjar Sultanate.
Beberapa teori dan hipotesa yang menganggap bahwa Islam memasuki wilayah Nusantara sekitar abad ke VII M atau XIII M. Sehingga, masuknya Islam menyebabkan munculnya kerajaan-kerajaan bercorak Islam atau yang sering dikenal dengan Kesultanan. Di Kalimantan terdapat kerajaan Islam yaitu Kesultanan Banjar. Proses perkembangan agama Islam di Kesultanan Banjar dipengaruhi oleh Kesultanan Demak. Setelah mendapatkan pengaruh Islam maka pemerintah Kesultanan Banjar melakukan upaya Islamisasi dibeberapa wilayah yang masyarakatnya belum beragama Islam dengan dibantu oleh ulama setempat. Sejak kedatangan para ulama di Kalimantan, proses penyebaran agama Islam mulai berkembang pesat. Atas dasar tersebut maka tujuan dari penyusunan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses Islamisasi pada Kesultanan Banjar dari abad XVI M hingga XIX M. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode history dan kualitatif yaitu berupa Library Research. Artikel ini berisikan tentang kondisi Banjar sebelum masuknya Islam, proses penyebaran agama Islam, dan ulama yang berperan dalam proses penyebaran agama Islam di Kesultanan Banjar.
The impact of overeducation on wages of recent economic sciences graduates
Authors: De Santis Mariana Olga , Gáname María Cecilia , Moncarz Pedro Esteban 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
According to human capital theory, wages are determined by workers' productivity, in its crudest form implies that return to education does not depend on how workers' skills are used. However, after controlling for other differences, the empirical evidence shows that workers with identical education can be paid differently. The literature has found young people are more likely to experience a mismatch between their formal education and that required for their jobs. While there is no consensus on the reasons for the mismatch, there is one on the consequences in terms of wages; overeducation means a penalty. Our evidence shows that overeducated graduates of the Facultad de Ciencias Económicas of the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba suffer a wage penalty compared to those working in a job that requires a university degree. The results are robust to different specifications and the use of alternative estimators. Even when not statistically significant, the penalty of a severe level of overeducation is higher than one for a mild level of overeducation; having had work experience while studying at university helps to reduce the cost of overeducation; women exhibit a similar penalty to men. While on average overeducation means a wage penalty, there is great heterogeneity among overeducated graduates, with those at the top end of the wage distribution experiencing a much lower penalty, or even a premium in some cases. Finally, while in the case of overeducation we find statistically significant effects, the same is not true of the horizontal mismatch in terms of knowledge.
Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of Anticancer Effect of Falcaria vulgaris via Induction of Apoptosis
Authors: Hosseini Kamran , Jasori Sanaz , Delazar Abbas , Asgharian Parina , Tarhriz Vahideh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Apiaceae family is one of the plant families which used for medical investigation. Falcaria vulgaris is a clear example of this genus that grows in certain regions of Iran. In traditional medicine, due to the presence of coumarin and flavonoid compounds in this plant, therapeutic properties such as gastrointestinal and liver diseases, skin ulcers, gastric ulcers and intestinal inflammation have been reported. It has also been found that these compounds lead to cytotoxic effects. Objective: The aim of this study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect and induction of apoptosis by various extracts and essential oil of F. vulgaris on cancerous cell (SW-872) and to identify the volatile compounds of effective samples. Methods: The shoot of the plant was extracted by Soxhlet apparatus and its essential oil was taken by Clevenger apparatus. The cytotoxicity of the samples was evaluated by MTT method and the mechanism of cancer cell death by flow cytometry and finally, the volatile compounds of essential oils and effective extracts were identified by GC-MS. Results: The results showed that n-Hexane extract and 40% VLC fraction had the greatest cytotoxic effect on SW-872 cells. While, the most abundant volatile compounds in essential oil and 40% VLC fraction of n-Hexane extract are terpenoid compounds like (+) spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide, in n-Hexane extract tetradecan, and spathulenol are the most, respectively. Conclusion: In sum, it was found that the fraction of 40% n-Hexane is in a concentration-dependent manner and significantly with controlling cells, inhibit the growth of cancer cells. This effect is through induction of apoptosis and due to the presence of effective volatile compounds such as terpenoids and non-terpenoids which can be considered as the valuable natural sources for the isolation of anti-cancer compounds.
A New Approach to Prevent Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A randomized clinical trial of 25(OH) D Injections before Preterm Delivery
Authors: Boskabadi Hassan , Maamouri Gholamali , Saghafi Nafiseh , Nakhaei Mohammad Hosein Ataee 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundVitamin D deficiencies have been suggested as one of the risk factors for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] administration in pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery on the incidence of RDS in their preterm neonates.MethodsA single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on pregnant mothers with a gestational age of less than 34 weeks at risk of preterm delivery. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups by the corresponding author, including intervention (intramuscular injection of 50,000 units of 25(OH) D three days before delivery) and control (with no injection of 25(OH) D). Serum concentrations of 25(OH) D were measured after offspring, including RDS, were collected and recorded in a checklist. Short-term outcomes and the need for respiratory support were assessed by the principal investigator who was unaware of the type of intervention. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, paired sample t-test, and chi-square test.ResultsDespite the homogeneity of neonates in the two groups in terms of gestational age, birth weight and the delivery method, 45% of neonates in the control group and 20% in the intervention group developed respiratory distress syndrome (P < 0.05). The mean 25(OH) D level in neonates was 17.7 ± 10.5 and 23.7 ± 13.5 ng/mL in the intervention and control groups, respectively.ConclusionsAccording to this study, a single dose of 50,000 units of intramuscular 25(OH) D in pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery can reduce the incidence of RDS in the newborn.Trial RegistrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20190814044529N1. Registered 21st Jan. 2020, https://fa.irct.ir/user/trial/41515/view
Influence of Vanadium-Chromium Carbide on the Microstructure of Reinforced FeCrV15 Hardfacing during Laser Cladding Deposit
Authors: Aramide Basiru Philip , Pityana Sisa , Jamiru Tamba , Popoola Patricia , Sadiku Rotimi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The increasing manufacturing technologies is a crucial aspect of industrialization. Laser additive manufacturing is the process of manufacturing using laser (heat) technology to manufacture component from scratch and or strengthening and modification of surfaces that are subject to abrasion. The combination of both Chromium Carbide (CrC) and Vanadium Carbide reinforced iron based hard facings have gotten progressively significant in enhancing the corrosion and wear resistance of tool subject to adverse abrasive and impact conditions. This study investigates the effect of vanadium-chromium carbide on the microstructure of the clad with respect to its laser processing parameters.
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Euphorbia peplus L. Phenolics
Authors: Mahmoud Ayman M. , Kamel Emadeldin M. , Ahmed Noha A. , El-Bassuony Ashraf A. , Hussein Omnia E. , Alrashdi Barakat , Ahmed Sayed A. , Lamsabhi Al Mokhtar , Arab Hany H. 
Published: June 2021

Background:Various phenolics show inhibitory activity towards xanthine oxidase (XO), an enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species which cause oxidative damage.Objective:This study investigated the XO inhibitory activity of Euphorbia peplus phenolics.Methods:The dried powdered aerial parts of E. peplus were extracted, fractioned and phenolics were isolated and identified. The XO inhibitory activity of E. peplus extract (EPE) and the isolated phenolics was investigated in vitro and in vivo.Results:Three phenolics were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of E. peplus. All isolated compounds and the EPE showed inhibitory activity towards XO in vitro. In hyperuricemic rats, EPE and the isolated phenolics decreased uric acid and XO activity. Molecular docking showed the binding modes of isolated phenolics with XO, depicting significant interactions with the active site amino acid residues. Molecular dynamics simulation trajectories confirmed the interaction of isolated phenolics with XO by forming hydrogen bonds with the active site residues. Also, the root mean square (RMS) deviations of XO and phenolics-XO complexes achieved equilibrium and fluctuated during the 10 ns MD simulations. The radius of gyration and solvent accessible surface area investigations showed that different systems were stabilized at ≈ 2500 ps. The RMS fluctuations profile depicted that the drug binding site exhibited a rigidity behavior during the simulation.Conclusion:In vitro, in vivo and computational investigations showed the XO inhibitory activity of E. peplus phenolics. These phenolics might represent promising candidates for the development of XO inhibitors.
Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Analytical Methods
of Bilastine, a Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist: An Update
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Hatware Ketan , Bhadane Prashant , Patil Kiran 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Bilastine (BIL) is the new generation antihistamine that is used to relieve the symptoms of
hayfever, chronic urticaria and other forms of allergic rhinitis. Chemically it is known 2-[4-[2-[4-[1-
(2-ethoxyethyl) benzimidazole-2-yl] piperidine-1-yl] ethyl] phenyl]-2-methylpropane acid. The chemical
structure of BIL having a hydrophilic carboxylic substituent. BIL has a longer duration of action
due to its potent binding affinity to the H1 receptor. This review summarizes the properties, characteristics,
chemistry along with analytical and bioanalytical methods used for estimation of BIL from different
scientific articles. The literature has demonstrated some methods for quantification of BIL in
various sample matrix and pharmaceutical products. Frequently and extensively used antihistaminics
are in the clinic practice, a novel, effective, economic and safe analytical methodology is required for
routine quality control analysis, bioavailability, and bioequivalence studies. Furthermore, this narrative
review summarizes available data on chemistry, pharmacology and analysis of BIL in a different
matrix.
Analysis of Social Determinants and the Utilization of Pediatric Tele–Urgent Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khairat Saif , McDaniel Phillip , Jansen Matthew , Francis Tia , Edson Barbara , Gianforcaro Robert 
Published: June 2021

Background
Telehealth is increasingly used to provide specialty consultations to infants and children receiving care. However, there is uncertainty if the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the use of telehealth among vulnerable populations.

Objective
This research aims to compare the overall use of tele–urgent care visits for pediatric patients before and after the pandemic, especially among vulnerable populations.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of pediatric tele–urgent care visits at a virtual care center at a southeastern health care center. The main outcome of this study was the use of pediatrics tele–urgent visits across geographical regions with different levels of social disparities and between 2019 and 2020.

Results
Of 584 tele–urgent care visits, 388 (66.4%) visits occurred in 2020 during the pandemic compared to 196 (33.6%) visits in 2019. Among 808 North Carolina zip codes, 181 (22%) consisted of a high concentration of vulnerable populations, where 17.7% (56/317) of the tele–urgent care visits originated from. The majority (215/317, 67.8%) of tele–urgent care visits originated from zip codes with a low concentration of vulnerable populations. There was a significant association between the rate of COVID-19 cases and the concentration level of social factors in a given Zip Code Tabulation Area.

Conclusions
The use of tele–urgent care visits for pediatric care doubled during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of the tele–urgent care visits after COVID-19 originated from regions where there is a low presence of vulnerable populations. In addition, our geospatial analysis found that geographic regions with a high concentration of vulnerable populations had a significantly higher rate of COVID-19–confirmed cases and deaths compared to regions with a low concentration of vulnerable populations.
Solución de Controversias en Línea, Mecanismos Alternativos de Solución de Conflictos e Inteligencia Artificial para la descongestión en la administración de justicia.
Authors: Bustamante Rúa Mónica María , Ángel Muñoz Santiago , Giraldo Aristizábal Julián Andrés , Marín Tapiero Jorge Iván 
Published: June 2021

Propósito ”“ Analizar la Solución de Controversias en Línea (SCL), con relación a los Mecanismos Alternativos de Solución de Conflictos, la Inteligencia Artificial y su efectividad para la descongestión de la administración de justicia.
Metodología ”“ La investigación fue analítico cualitativa, se enmarca en las denominadas investigaciones exploratorias, esto es, aquellas que tienden a determinar tendencias, identificar relaciones entre variables y servir para investigaciones posteriores. Para el efecto, se realizó análisis documental de artículos publicados en revistas jurídicas y consultados a través de bases de datos científicas, en su mayoría búsquedas y hallazgos virtuales, que permitieran vislumbrar las instituciones jurídicas comprendidas en la Solución de Controversias en Línea y los Mecanismos Alternativos de Solución de Conflictos.
Hallazgos ”“ La SCL ha permitido la aplicación de los Mecanismos Alternativos de Solución de Conflictos (MASC), tales como la mediación, la conciliación, la transacción o negociación y la amigable composición valiéndose de medios virtuales que incluso pueden incorporar inteligencia artificial, es decir, la posibilidad de que las máquinas imiten el pensamiento humano para tomar decisiones. Debe observar los principios de transparencia, equidad, rendición de cuentas y respeto a las garantías procesales offline, de los cuales, la celeridad, la economía, la igualdad de armas y la preexistencia de formas procesales afloran con facilidad en el proceso online, no obstante, garantías tales como la tutela efectiva de los derechos, la imparcialidad, la independencia, la inmediación y la publicidad podrían verse desdibujadas.