bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social isolation, social support, loneliness and cardiovascular disease risk factors: A cross‐sectional study among older adults
Authors: Hu Jessie , Fitzgerald Sharyn M. , Owen Alice J. , Ryan Joanne , Joyce Johanna , Chowdhury Enayet , Reid Christopher M. , Britt Carlene , Woods Robyn L. , McNeil John J. , Freak‐Poli Rosanne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSocial health reflects one’s ability to form interpersonal relationships. Poor social health is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), however an in‐depth exploration of the link through CVD risk factors is lacking.AimTo examine the relationship between social health (social isolation, social support, loneliness) and CVD risk factors among healthy older women and men.MethodsData were from 11,498 healthy community‐dwelling Australians aged ≥70 years from the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial and the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons sub‐study. Ten‐year CVD risk was estimated using the Atherosclerotic CVD Risk Scale (ASCVDRS) and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS).ResultsPhysical inactivity and experiencing depressive symptoms were the only CVD risk factors that consistently differed by all three social health constructs. Loneliness was associated with greater ASCVDRS (women: β = 0.01, p < 0.05; men: β = 0.03, p < 0.001), social isolation with greater FRS (women: β = 0.02, p < 0.01; men: β = 0.03, p < 0.01) and the social health composite of being lonely (regardless of social isolation and/or social support status) with greater ASCVDRS (women: β = 0.01, p = 0.02; men: β = 0.03, p < 0.001). Among men, loneliness was also associated with greater FRS (β = 0.03, p < 0.001) and social support with greater ASCVDRS (β = 0.02, p = 0.01). Men were more socially isolated, less socially supported and less lonely than women.ConclusionSocial isolation, social support and loneliness displayed diverse relationships with CVD risk factors and risk scores, emphasising the importance of distinguishing between these constructs. These findings inform on potential avenues to manage poor social health and CVD risk among older adults.
Numerical and linear regression analysis on MHD two‐phase flow in an asymmetric nonuniform channel
Authors: Ramprasad S. , Mallikarjuna B. , Bhatta S. H. C. V. Subba 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe flow through asymmetric nonuniform (convergent) channels with the effect of the magnetic field have a pronounced impact in engineering and biological fields such as chemical and food industries, blood flow through capillaries, and arteries, and so forth. With this motivation, the present study focuses on convective hydromagnetic particulate suspension flow in an asymmetric convergent channel under the heat generation effect. The numerical method is applied to solve the nondimensionalized equations governing the transport process of fluid and particle flow and its heat. To check the convergence of the computational results, a grid independence test has been performed. A comparison test has been made to validate the results and an admirable agreement is noticed with published results. Computation results are reported for the influence of emerging parameters on the fluid as well as particle velocity and temperature profiles through graphs and tables. A method of slope linear regression through data points is presented to study the impact of various parameters on skin friction and Nusselt number. The study pioneers the investigation on the significance of the combined influence of cross‐flow Reynolds number and magnetic field on fluid and particle in the convergent channel and also reports its importance on drag coefficient and rate of heat transfer at the walls. It is perceived that a reduction in fluid velocity takes place with an increment in Magnetic parameter, Grashof number, and Reynolds number. An augmentation in fluid temperature is noted with an increment in Prandtl number and heat source parameter.
Application of Multi-Criteria Decision analysis including sustainable indicators for prioritization of public transport system
Authors: Kalifa Muhammad , Özdemir Alp , Özkan Aysun , Banar Müfide 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Paratransit modes dominate the public transportation industry in the majority of developing countries, especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa. The number of these modes has increased rapidly over the years. Authorities have not yet been able to provide a better alternative for passengers, whose demand is ever-growing. In this research, the main modes of public transport in a Sub-Saharan African city, Kampala, have been studied. Here we used multi-criteria decision-making methods to find out which among the four major public transport modes in Kampala, Uganda, are best from a transportation operator's perspective. The evaluation of alternatives was conducted using Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Elimination Et Choice Translating Reality (ELECTRE III) methods. Both the ANP and the ELECTRE III analysis results demonstrate that alternative “Coaster” is the most appropriate alternative from a public transport operator's point of view. A sensitivity analysis consisting of four different scenarios was considered in the changing of weighting percentages (for benefit, cost, and risk clusters) in the ANP and the ELECTRE III analyses, to show the robustness of the ranking results. According to the sensitivity analysis results, there was no change in the final ranking. The findings of this paper are crucial to policymakers within the transportation sectors of developing countries. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:25–38. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Four different transport modes were ranked via two Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods considering 15 different criteria. Global warming potential and fossil fuel based abiotic depletion potential (ADPff) criteria values were obtained by using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology. The Analytic Network Process and Elimination Et Choice Translating Reality (ELECTRE III) methods indicate that “Coaster” is the best alternative compared to the other three modes of transport. Safety is the most important assessment criterion followed by tiresomeness for drivers (driver exhaustion).
Preparation of carbon dots‐based nanoparticles and their research of bioimaging and targeted antitumor therapy
Authors: Chen Xuan , Sui Xiaoyu , Lu Shuting , Qu Yanmei , Liu Tingting , Wang Ting 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) are nanomaterials with excellent photoluminescence property, usually used in the field of bioimaging tumor cells. However, its practical applicability in cancer therapeutics is limited by CDs' insensitive surface properties to complicated tumor microenvironment in vivo. Herein, a new type of innovative biomimetic nanoparticles has been formed with HeLa cell membranes (CM) and multifunctional CDs containing antitumor and bioimaging activities. The CDs are prepared by a facile one‐step microwave‐assisted procedure. Gallic acid is used as carbon resource and antitumor active molecule. Gelatin is treated as the nitrogen resource. Citric acid monohydrate is used as the auxiliary carbon source and the Hela CM is used for tumor targeting. A series of fluorescence analyses has proved its homotypic targeting and ability of diagnosis. Besides, in vitro and in vivo antitumor experiments further indicate their better antitumor efficiency. The findings show the totally new nanoparticles' feasibilities of dealing with the clinical therapy problems as well as applying for the integration of diagnosis and targeting therapy.
Magnetically recyclable sepiolite/iron oxide/cupric oxide nanocomposite as a novel catalyst for the synthesis of S‐aryl dithiocarbamates by CS bond formation
Authors: Bagheri Fatemeh Hassani , Khabazzadeh Hojatollah , Fayazi Maryam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA convenient and efficient procedure is described for the synthesis of S‐aryl dithiocarbamates by CS bond formation through the coupling reaction of three components between secondary amines, carbon disulfide, and aryl iodides using magnetically separable and reusable sepiolite/iron oxide/cupric oxide (SEP/Fe3O4/CuO) nanocomposite as a heterogeneous catalyst. The results show that (SEP/Fe3O4/CuO) nanocomposite has good activity, and could be easily separated from the reaction mixture using an external magnet. The high efficiency of the nanocomposite was related to the temperature of 100°С and dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent. The structure, morphology, and crystalline phases of the prepared (SEP/Fe3O4/CuO) nanocomposite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), vibrating‐sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD).
The automated processing algorithm to correct the test result of serum neuron‐specific enolase affected by specimen hemolysis
Authors: Liu Xiao‐min , Liu Xiao‐hua , Mao Min‐jie , Liu Yi‐jun , Wang Jun‐ye , Dai Shu‐qin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionSerum neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) is an important tumor marker for small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma. However, the test of serum NSE compromised by specimen hemolysis is presented as a falsely higher result, which seriously disturbs clinical decision. This study aimed to establish a solution integrated with laboratory information system to clear the bias from hemolysis on serum NSE test.MethodsThe reference range of serum hemolysis index (HI) was first established, and specimen hemolysis rate was compared between HI test and visual observation. NSE concentration in serum pool with normal HI was spiked with serial diluted lysates from red blood cells to deduce individual corrective equation. The agreement between individual corrective equation and original NSE test was assayed by Bland and Altman plots.ResultsThe high HI existed in 32.6% of specimens from patients. The NSE median of hemolyzed specimens was significant higher than the baseline (p = 0.038), while the corrected NSE median had no difference compared with the baseline (p = 0.757). The mean difference of corrected NSE and initial NSE was 1.92%, the SD of difference was 5.23%, and furthermore, the difference was independent of tendency of HI (Spearman r = −0.069, p = 0.640). The 95% confidence interval of mean difference (from −8.33% to 12.17%) was less than the acceptable bias range (±20%).ConclusionThe agreement between individual correction equation and NSE assay was satisfied. Our automated processing algorithm for serum NSE could provide efficient management of posttest data and correct positive bias from specimen hemolysis.
A human rights violation study: The relationship between gender and ambivalent sexism in faculty of health sciences students
Authors: Fiskin Gamze , Sari Esra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to contribute to the literature by identifying gendered attitudes and ambivalent sexism of students who are health professionals of the future. The sampling of this study, which is planned as a descriptive and correlational study, consists of students studying at departments of midwifery and nursing in two universities in Turkey. Students completed questionnaires that included demographic information, Gender Roles Attitude Scale, and Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Results showed that students have traditional attitudes toward gender roles, and particularly male students have more negative and conservative gendered attitudes. Also, there was a sexist attitude difference between the two groups. There was a weak positive relationship between gender roles and ambivalent sexism in the study. These findings can raise awareness about sexism for students studying in the health sciences and enable them to provide equal healthcare to all.
Engineering student perceptions of social justice in a feedback control systems course
Authors: Leydens Jon A. , Johnson Kathryn E. , Moskal Barbara M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough engineering practice occurs in social contexts, such contexts often remain obscure in engineering education. Since engineering sciences courses are crucial in shaping engineering students' knowledge and conceptions of problem‐solving in engineering, students in both an augmented and a traditional section of a feedback control systems course were interviewed to explore perceptions of the social justice dimensions of engineering.PurposeThis study sought to understand student perceptions of social justice in the context of control systems courses.Design/MethodThis study used a qualitative, case study methodology. Inductive analysis was used to analyze focus groups and interviews conducted over 3 years.FindingsThrough inductive analysis, we identified three primary interrelated domains: (1) varied descriptions of social justice emerged, (2) diverse perceptions surfaced on how the social and technical dimensions of engineering problems interrelate, and (3) students' conceptions of engineers yielded insight into their perspectives on social justice.ConclusionsThat students did not vary substantively in perceptions of social justice across course sections suggests that prior knowledge of social justice shaped student perceptions. The findings also indicate that what students value shapes what they are learning and that student perceptions were informed by students' understanding of ethics and of engineering ideologies. These findings imply a need for distributed curricular integration of social justice concepts and for presenting social justice in the context of engineering problem‐solving. Such presentation could reinforce sociotechnical considerations inherent in engineering practice, clearly rendering visible inherent social justice considerations in engineering problems.
Between drift and confinement: What can the study of “lunatics” in Hong Kong contribute to the historiography mental health in East Asia?
Authors: Wu Harry Yi‐Jui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this essay, the author reflects on his past and current research in transnational history psychiatry and the history of lunatics in Hong Kong, attempting to develop an alternative narrative in the unique free port between the East and the West concerning the conventional colonial historiography of psychiatry. He emphasizes that, in Hong Kong, the historiography of psychiatry should broaden its focus and not limited to the role of mental asylums, for modern psychiatry was almost absent in Britain's crown colony until the end of World War II, and custodial care for lunatics was only one temporary measure in a much broader network of patient repatriation. The grand project was designed not for the well‐being of the mentally ill but the smooth operation of the international commercial port. In addition, the post‐war institutionalization of psychiatry, including the expansion of hospitals and the creation of the psychiatric specialty in Hong Kong, did not improve the mental health of Hong Kong residents. The author argues that this is because the rapid development of modern psychiatry in the former British colony overlooked the social determinants of mental suffering. A historical understanding of psychiatry in Hong Kong is helpful to address such ignorance.
Risks for cervical abnormalities in women with non‐16/18 high‐risk human papillomavirus infections in south Shanghai, China
Authors: Wang Xiaoyun , Wu Sufang , Li Yanli 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe study was aimed to analyze the prevalence characteristics of non‐16/18 high‐risk human papillomaviruses (HR‐HPV) and the related risks for cervical abnormalities in south Shanghai. A total of 2291 HPV women who had been referred for a colposcopy due to HPV infection from @@@@@2016.12 to 2019.6 were enrolled. Combined with liquid‐based thin‐layer cell test (TCT) and pathological results of cervical biopsy, the infection spectrum and pathogenic risk of non‐16/18 HR‐HPV in local population were investigated. The results showed that the single HR‐HPV infection rate was significantly higher than that of multiple infection, and the five most frequently detected types were HPV16, HPV52, HPV18, HPV53, HPV58 in the group. The total proportion of non‐16/18 HR‐HPV infection was 68.22%, more than twice of HPV16/18. In cases with high‐grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) or cervical cancer, non‐16/18 HR‐HPV infections account for 50.84% (single infection: 28.57%, multiple infection: 22.27%). The risk of cervical abnormalities caused by single HPV infection was ranked as HPV16 > HPV52 > HPV18 = HPV58 > HPV51 > HPV53 = HPV56 > others. Notably, among non‐16/18 HR‐HPV infected patients with HSIL/cancer lesions, the omission diagnostic rate of TCT was 62.81%. The infection rate of non‐16/18 HR‐HPV in whole study population was much higher than that of 16/18 type, and the infection rate of the former was also slightly higher in patients with HSIL and cancer. Due to the high omission diagnostic rate of TCT, we suggest patients with persistent non‐16/18 HPV infection should undergo colposcopy biopsy to reduce missed detection of HSIL and cancers.
A review on methods to simulate three dimensional rotating electrical machine in magnetic vector potential formulation using edge finite element method under sliding surface principle
Authors: Chauhan Anirudh , Ferrouillat Pauline , Ramdane Brahim , Maréchal Yves , Meunier Gérard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years edge finite element method has become quite popular in modeling the three‐dimensional rotating electrical machine due to its ability to represent the physical behavior of field along interface correctly. However, modeling becomes complex when significant mesh distortion occurs along a sliding surface due to movement. A remeshing step is needed, which increases computational cost. In order to avoid remeshing, efficient numerical methods have already been developed to model movement in the three‐dimensional rotating electrical machine under edge finite element method. Nevertheless, very little research has been carried out on comparing these methods. The main objective of this paper is to compare the edge‐based interpolation and mortar edge element method. To improve the accuracy of edge‐based interpolation for tetrahedral mesh, we propose an improved strategy. Numerical results illustrate the accuracy, robustness and performance of the methods. A detailed comparison is presented based on the criteria mentioned above.
Influence of El Niño decaying pace on low latitude tropical cyclogenesis over the western North Pacific
Authors: Lu Changhao , Ge Xuyang , Peng Melinda , Li Tim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe modulation of El Niño decaying pace on tropical cyclones (TCs) activities at low latitude (within 10°) over the western North Pacific (WNP) is investigated in this study. During rapidly decaying El Niño events, fewer TCs occur near the equator and the averaged genesis location is more westward. More TCs are found in the southeast of WNP during slowly decaying phase of El Niño events. The distinctive differences of TC genesis frequency and their respective meridional positions are related to the modulation of El Niño to large‐scale environmental flows. Both dynamical and thermodynamical conditions, such as low‐level vorticity, mid‐level relative humidity and vertical motion, are favourable for TC genesis in the southeast of WNP during slowly decaying El Niño events. The differences of sea surface temperature, vertical wind shear, and TC heat potential between the two El Niño events are similar to the spatial distribution of TC genesis at low latitude. Disturbances in southeastern WNP in slowly decaying El Niño events are more likely to develop into TCs due to the stronger zonal convergence and meridional shear of zonal wind. These findings may help to better understand the interaction between low‐latitude TCs and El Niño. The higher frequency of low‐latitude TC genesis and their more eastward TC genesis position in slowly decaying El Niño events may in turn slow down the transition speed of El Niño.
Effect of varus alignment on the bone‐implant interaction of a cementless tibial baseplate during gait
Authors: Glenday Jonathan D. , Wright Timothy M. , Lipman Joseph D. , Sculco Peter K. , Mayman David J. , Vigdorchik Jonathan M. , Quevedo‐Gonzalez Fernando J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractComponent alignment in total knee arthroplasty is a determining factor for implant longevity. Mechanical alignment, which provides balanced load transfer, is the most common alignment strategy. However, a retrospective review found that varus alignment, which could lead to unbalanced loading, can happen in up to 18% of tibial baseplates. This may be particularly burdensome for cementless tibial baseplates, which require low bone‐implant micromotion and avoidance of bone overload to obtain bone ingrowth. Our aim was to assess the effect of varus alignment on the bone‐implant interaction of cementless baseplates. We virtually implanted 11 patients with knee OA with a modern cementless tibial baseplate in mechanical alignment and in 2° of tibial varus alignment. We performed finite element simulations throughout gait, with loading conditions derived from literature. Throughout the stance phase, varus alignment had greater micromotion and percentage of bone volume at risk of failure than mechanical alignment. At mid‐stance, when the most critical conditions occurred, the average increase in peak micromotion and amount of bone at risk of failure due to varus alignment were 79% and 59%, respectively. Varus alignment also resulted in the decrease of the surface area with micromotion compatible with bone ingrowth. However, for both alignments, this surface area was larger than the average area of ingrowth reported for well‐fixed implants retrieved post‐mortem. Our findings suggest that small varus deviations from mechanical alignment can adversely impact the biomechanics of the bone‐implant interaction for cementless tibial baseplates during gait; however, the clinical implications of such changes remain unclear.