bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of EEG acquisition, processing and application
Authors: Li Bohao , Cheng Tianshuo , Guo Zexuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As the study about the human body goes forward, some breakthrough in human biological signals is made, especially in EEG signal. At the same time, people are getting to know more about the benefits of EEG. Therefore, EEG research is enjoying a stronger demand around the world. Nowadays, EEG research is carried in several fields and different stages, such as the acquisition of EEG, the processing of EEG, energy recovery of EEG, etc. Scholars are mainly searching for behavioral and electrophysiology, neural network, multi-lead electroencephalogram, non-invasive brain imaging technology, etc. And the current research frontier and the main trend is the comprehensive study of brain function and disease at the molecular, cellular, and global levels and the understanding of the brain structure principle from the brain development process. In this review, three aspects are chosen to study: the processing of EEG, the acquisition of EEG and EEG application. Four EEG acquisition methods, five ways of EEG processing system and three patterns of application are introduced. EEG acquisition system comprises scalp electrodes, a signal isolation amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, and a wireless transmission module. Low power consumption, small size and portability are the main directions. The research status and difficulties of suitable electrodes, high integration acquisition chip, and analysis algorithm are analyzed and predicted. Due to the rapid development of EEG signal processing, the application of EEG has developed from medical rehabilitation to driving safety, education assistance, and entertainment consumption.
Comparison of different fiducial markers to guide SPECT and CT image registration
Authors: Zanetti T.C. , Brunetto S.Q. , Souza E.M. , Sachinelli L.D.S. , Ramos C.D. , Zantut-Wittmann D.E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Registration and fusion guided by the fiducial markers of
SPECT and CT images acquired via distinct equipment is a common
practice in several nuclear medicine centres. In this study, five
different fiducial configurations were studied and compared for
SPECT and CT image acquisitions: iodide-131 (131I) within a
needle cap, 131I associated with cotton, a lead and a ceramic
aluminium sphere or mixed with an agarose solution. Fiducials that
employed agarose mixtures presented the lowest dpr values
(between 0.34 and 0.53 mm) and better homogeneous regions in both
images to perform registration. In addition, this assembly exhibited
the lowest global mean dpr and standard deviations in
Gaussian adjustments. In comparison with the other configurations,
the agarose dpr was statistically lower than that of
cotton, ceramic aluminium and just 131I for all the six
landmarks. Despite its similarity with the lead sphere
configuration, for five of the landmarks, agarose showed no
artefacts in CT and more homogeneous regions of interest in SPECT
images. In addition, agarose demonstrated great reproducibility to
guide point-based registration processes.
Effect of water stress on antibacterial activity, Total Phenolic Content and Total Flavonoid Content of Clitoria ternatea
Authors: Anuar N A , Pa’ee F , Manan N A , Md Salleh N A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present investigation was aimed in determining the antibacterial activity of Clitoria ternatea that experiencing water stress treatment which comprises of positive control (watered normally for every 24 hours), negative control (no presence of water) and a treatment where C. ternatea receive water for every 48 hours. Agar disk diffusion assay had been utilized in order to investigate the measurement of zone of inhibition based on the methanolic leaf extract of C. ternatea for each treatment. Plus, calculation had been done for total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, to correlate between the length of inhibition zone. The results show that there is no presence of inhibition zone for all treatments which might be due to the low potency of the methanolic leaf extract, 0.02g/ml. C. ternatea that undergo every 48 hours of water presence hold the highest amount of total phenolic content whilst C. ternatea that encountered negative control of treatment possess the high amount of total flavonoid content. High quantity of phenolic and flavonoid content can be related with high amount of antioxidant capacity.
Development of bambangan (Mangifera pajang) carbonated drink
Authors: Benjamin M A Z , Abu Bakar M F , Abu Bakar F I , Sabran S F , Kormin F , Mohamad Fuzi S F Z 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Mangifera pajang Kostermans or bambangan is a popular fruit among Sabahan due to its health and economic values. However, the fruit is not fully commercialized since it is usually been used as traditional cuisine by local people. Thus, development of bambangan fruit into carbonated drink was conducted to produce new product concept. The objectives of this study were to conceptualize, formulate, evaluate consumer acceptance, and determine physicochemical properties and nutritional composition of the accepted product. Method used in conceptualising the product was based on questionnaire. The consumer acceptance was evaluated based on descriptive and affective tests with four product formulations tested. The physicochemical properties on carbon dioxide volume, colour, pH, total acidity, total soluble solid (TSS) and viscosity were highlighted, meanwhile nutritional composition on fat, protein, carbohydrates and energy content were determined. About 77% respondents gave positive feedback, and 69% respondents decided this product is within their budget. The formulation of 5% bambangan pulp, 70% water, 25% sugar and 0.2% citric acid was highly accepted in descriptive and affective tests with 4.4 and 6.39 mean scores, respectively. The physicochemical properties and nutritional composition of the acceptance product were in optimum value except for colour, total acidity and TSS. Overall, this study showed that the product has high potential to be commercialized as new product concept, and heritage of indigenous people can be preserved when this fruit is known regionally.
Determination of the Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Compounds of Mulberry Fruit Extracts
Authors: Centhyea  , Fadhilah M A , Nor Qhairul Izzreen M N 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhite mulberry (Morus albaL.) is a berry native to China which fruit is usually eaten fresh or after processed. Its bioactive compounds vary depending on species, cultivation, location and others. In this study, the total flavonoids content, total phenolic content, total anthocyanins content and antioxidant activity ofMorus albaL. fruit grown in Tuaran, Sabah were analyzed. Fruit was extracted with 60°C hot water and 80% ethanol, while the total bioactive compounds analysis utilized aluminum chloride, Folin-Ciocalteu and pH differential method in determining the flavonoids, phenolic, and anthocyanins content. Their antioxidant activity was determined using Free Radical Scavenging 2.2-Dyphenyl-1-Pikrilhidrazil (DPPH), Ferric Reduction Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Radical Cation 2,2’-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay. As a result, significantly higher (p < 0.05) content of total flavonoids (104.34 mg QE mg−1), phenolic (1.21 mg GAE mg−1) and anthocyanins (0.74 mg c-3-ge mg−1) were obtained from ethanolic extract than the hot water extract. Also, significantly higher (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity was observed in ethanolic extract for DPPH (0.50 mg mL−1), FRAP (3.74 mm Fe (II) g−1) and ABTS (6.05 mg AEAC g−1). Data showed that ethanol solvent (80%) is a better solvent forMorus albaL. fruit’s extraction.
Documentation of plants as natural colorants by Temuan community in Taman Negara Johor Gunung Ledang
Authors: Hassan N A , Md Salleh N A , Sabran S F , Norazlimi N A , Rahman A A A , Pa’ee F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This research is about the ethnobotanical studies of the natural color used by Temuan community in three different villages around Taman Negara Johor Gunung Ledang which are Kampung Sungai Air Tawas, Kampung Tanah Gembur, and Kampung Sungai Mersing. This study aims to document the information about plants used by the aboriginal community which act as natural colorants for future references. Semi-structured questionnaires were given to the community during the interview. The plants used by them as natural colorants were recorded. The plant sample was taken during the interview with Temuan community for the preparation of herbarium specimen. It was found that Curcuma longa is the most used plant for natural yellow color by the community. Besides that, Pandanus amaryllifolius and Lawsonia inermis have high citation frequency for the most used plant for natural green and orange color. This concludes that our environment is equipped with natural resources that are beneficial to human respectively and this traditional knowledge of natural colors must be preserved but also should be disseminated to other people for greater appreciation.
Turtle Awareness Program: A preliminary study on primary school students’ knowledge on turtle conservation in Malaysia
Authors: Ismail N , Nyok C P , Maryati M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Malaysia is blessed with 22 species of turtles and tortoises; including marine and freshwater turtles. Unfortunately, these species are severely threatened, eventually leading to loss of population. Thus, Turtle Awareness Programme (Turtle Camp) was initiated to spread turtle conservation awareness by providing opportunities especially for students and teachers to acquire knowledge of turtles in Malaysia and the environment beyond what is taught in school syllabus. This study aims to determine the impact of the programme on students’ knowledge about turtle conservation in 14 primary schools in Kemaman district, Terengganu, Malaysia from 2016-2019. To collect data, students’ knowledge tests using survey questionnaires were conducted before and after the programme. Majority of students (66.11%) achieved the highest score range (80-100) after the post-test. The level of knowledge acquired by students in the relevant themes (taxonomy, diversity, diet, reproduction and conservation awareness) also significantly improved after the programme. Thus, the awareness program had positively contributed in enhancing the knowledge of students on turtle conservation awareness. More depth evaluations of programme such as motivation and behavioural change and systematic educational module should be developed and tested out to ensure continuity and effectiveness of the programmes in the future.
The effect of different growing media on growth performance of Clinacanthus nutans
Authors: Ismail-Embong N , Manan N A , Md Salleh N A , Pa’ee F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The effect of different growing media on the growth performance was tested for Clinacanthus nutans (Sabah snake grass). Five different growth media including T1: soil, T2: soil: coco peat (2:1), T3: soil: peat moss (2:1), T4: soil: coco peat (3:1) and T5: soil: peat moss (3:1) were used for growing Clinacanthus nutans. Height of the plants (cm), number of leaves, number of side branches, length of side branches (cm), root length (cm) and root weight (g) were determined. The chemical properties of each growth medium, including pH, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were also determined. The aimed of this study was to measure the growth rate of Clinacanthus nutans affected by the different growing media. The findings of this study showed the height of the plants (cm), number of leaves, length of side branches (cm), root length (cm) and root weight (g) were affected significantly when the plants were grown in soil mix with peat moss in T3. The finding of this study showed that the increased of nutrient in the growth media can be useful in the growth performance of the Clinacanthus nutans.
Potential of Avitourism in Tanjung Laboh, Johor
Authors: Jien L T , Abdul-Halim N S , Hasmi N A , Norazlimi N A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Avitourism or birdwatching tourism is currently an emerging sub-sector in nature-based tourism industry. Although birdwatching is well established in Johor, however, the focus only concentrated on the famous birdwatching hotspot areas such as Panti Bird Sanctuary, Endau-Rompin National Park and many more. Other areas in Johor was remained understudied and the potential as Avitourism/birdwatching spot was remained undiscovered. Hence, this study aims to fill in this loophole by providing the checklist of the bird species and investigating the potential of Avitourism in Tanjung Laboh, Johor. The method used was a direct observation by using a binocular (10 x 50 magnifications) and a video recorder. For the evaluation of Avitourism, a set of questionnaire was distributed among Tanjung Laboh villagers consisting of fifteen respondents. Determination of flagship species was done based on the criteria of good nature tourism products modified from WTO/UNDP. A total of 21 bird species were recorded in Tanjung Laboh. From this, 18 bird species are resident, and three bird species are migrant. In terms of conservation status, 18 species are listed as Least Concern (LC) and three species are Vulnerable (VU). Five species were chosen as flagship species due to their high potential to be developed as a product for Avitourism. The species are Red-wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus), White Breasted Waterhen (Amaururnis phoenicurus), Greater Flameback (Chrysocolaptes lucidus), White-bellied Sea-eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) and Lesser Adjutants (Leptoptilos javanicus) because of its higher score as a product in Avitourism which includes the criteria such as safety, reliability of a sighting, morphological attractiveness, behavioral enticement, rarity, endemism, and cultural linkages. Therefore, it can be concluded that Tanjung Laboh has a high potential to be develop as one of the birdwatching and Avitourism spot in Johor.
Phytochemical content and antioxidant properties of Bornean wild durian from Sabah
Authors: Juarah N , Surugau N , Rusdi N A , Abu-Bakar M F , Suleiman M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Borneo is the centre of diversity of the genus Durio (family: Malvaceae; local name: durian). Durian fruit is known to contain high amounts of the major bioactive compounds (as antioxidants) such as anthocyanins, carotenoids, polyphenols and flavonoids. Two types of wild durian species, namely Durio kinabaluensis Kosterm. & Soegeng (durian tupoloh) and Durio oxleyanus Griff. (durian sukang) were studied. The 80% methanolic extracts of flesh, seed and peel (mesocarp and exocarp) were analysed for antioxidant activities, total phenolic and total flavonoid content. The antioxidant activities were determined using three parameters; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical assay (DPPH), 2,2’-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation assay, and Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). Durio kinabaluensis mesocarp extract displayed the highest antioxidant properties and total phenolic content. The non-edible parts of both durians (seed and peel) exhibited higher phytochemical contents and antioxidant properties compared to the flesh parts. This data may contribute to the pharmaceutical applications, health benefit information of wild durians and helps in popularising the potential of these fruits in international markets and ultimately protects them from extinction.
DNA Barcoding for Authentication of Orthosiphon stamineus Herbal Medicinal Product Using ITS2 Nuclear Marker Originating from Malaysia
Authors: Liow H L , Ahmad Tarmizi A A , Jahari P N S , Ihsan N , Mohd Salleh F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Orthosiphon stamineus (Misai Kucing) has become the focus of commercialization in Malaysia due to its potential health treatment benefits that can attract huge consumers’ demand. Although the quality of herbal medicinal product (HMP) remains a major concern for consumers due to its high adulteration rate, there is insufficient testing done to determine whether the herb species used in HMP are as claimed in their ingredients. HMP authentication can be done by using a DNA barcoding approach which is species-specific. In this work, the first nuclear ITS2 barcode (279bp) from the fresh plant of O. stamineus (MKP) originating from Malaysia was successfully generated and deposited in Genbank (MT251295.1). The efficiency of the novel barcode in O. stamineus HMP authentication was tested in two samples, tea (MKT) and capsule (MKC) based on BLAST and NJ-tree analysis. The success of applying DNA barcoding by using ITS2 barcode generated in this work for HMP authentication makes it possible to complement conventional methods for O. stamineus HMP quality assurance testing and authentication in Malaysian herbal industry.
Ecological factors and spatial heterogeneity of Terrestrial Birds in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Martins C.O , Olaniyi O.E , Zakaria M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In Malaysia, multiple land use by humans has opened the way to substantial loss of wetland ecosystem, and shrinkage of the populations, habitat and food bases of avian species. However, the study of the avian population especially terrestrial birds becomes eminent to understand the complexity of wetlands ecosystem structure, and also develop appropriate management with robust monitoring tools to ensure their ecological sustainability. The study aimed to determine the eco-climatic factors that influenced the occurrence of terrestrial birds and to develop their habitat suitability models in Paya Indah wetlands (PIW) and Putrajaya wetlands (PW), Malaysia. The distance sampling point count technique using stratified random design was employed to survey (from November 2016 to January 2019) and choose 57 and 54 point stations around 14 and 24 lakes of PIW and PW respectively. An automatic linear modelling algorithm and geographic information systems were employed to compute the importance ratios of seventeen eco-climatic factors (hydrology, 9; climatic, 5; waterscape, 1 and landscape, 2). The result showed that some of the observed terrestrial birds individual and estimated indices were significant. The model showed that more than 50% of the land mass were moderately suitable in Paya Indah wetland while 35.22 % were suitable in Putrajaya wetland. Thus, the models’ adoption as management tools would help in the sustenance of the wetlands’ habitat quality and management effectiveness of the terrestrial bird species.
The effect of water stress on growth rate in Mentha arvensis
Authors: Mohd Nor N N , Pa’ee F , Manan N A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Mentha arvensis is commonly known as pudina, corn mint or wild mint belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It is also widely cultivated in Bangladesh, Nepal, India, Srilanka, Thailand, and Japan for its use as a food seasoner, household remedy, and industrial purposes. This paper investigated the treatment of drought and flood stress on Mentha arvensis by controlling the irrigation intervals. The growth parameters which include plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, root length and root weight of Mentha arvensis were measured. Mentha arvensis was planted by using stem cutting and irrigation intervals was controlled in three different conditions after 5 weeks of plantation. The vegetation phase was observed after the water treatment started. Based on the result, Mentha arvensis at 4 days and 6 days of water treatment was more affected by the water stress. This shows that 4 days and 6 days of water treatment undergo slower growth rate in their plant height, number of branches and number of leaves compared to 2 days of water treatment. Mentha arvensis grow best under 2 days of water irrigation intervals. Plants showing improved growth with limited water are considered to tolerate drought, regardless of how the improvement occurs.
Birds diversity at Sabak Bernam granary of West Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Mohd-Taib F S , Mohd-Saleh W , Rosli M Z 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Paddy field ecosystem serves as critical feeding and nesting habitat for various birds, thus compensating the habitat loss and degradation of the natural ecosystem. We want to document the bird species abundance and composition at Sabak Bernam granary area, located in West Peninsular Malaysia. The species distribution pattern was known to associate with rice growing stages. Birds was observed with a week of survey in each rice growing phases using point-count method. Overall, 40 species and 23 families have been recorded from all growing phases. Ploughing phase showed the highest bird abundance (736 individuals), while, maturation phase showed the highest species richness (31 species) and reproductive phase recorded the highest species diversity (H = 2.474). Waterbirds were the most dominant family which consists of Ardeidae, Alcedinidae and Rallidae. Three migrant and one vagrant were recorded in this study. Insectivory was the most abundant guild, dominated by Pacific swallow (Hirundo tahitica). However, there were no significant differences between all feeding guilds at different phases (df = 3, p > 0.05). This study indicates that although several species were pest upon rice buds, many of them play a crucial role in paddy field ecosystem services, particularly for pest control, reduce weeds and scavenging on carcasses. Therefore, this man-made wetland habitat area able to harbour a great diversity of birds and indirectly give benefits to the farmers.
A review on benefits, potential and conservation of Baccaurea lanceolata
Authors: Mojulat M B C , Surugau N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Malaysia has introduced the Plant Genetic Resources for food and agriculture (PGR) policy to further research and profile its wild crops to conserve and protect its rich biological diversity. There is an urge for relevant research to be conducted since it may also serve as an identifying accession of desirable traits for crop improvement. One such underutilised plant, Baccaurea lanceolata or locally known as “liposu” by the Dusun people has long played a traditional and cultural role for the local Bornean people. Unfortunately, although in recent years it has gained traction as a traditional food delicacy among the locals, it has remained underutilised and not commercially cultivated due to limited research and exposure. Despite that, limited studies on plants of Baccaurea species have been shown to contain various beneficial properties. The underutilised fruit of Baccaurea lanceolata has a high probability of containing a health beneficial, noteworthy amount of unique, uncovered phytochemicals. Research on this underutilised plant may also provide a path to road of commercialisation as well as preserving this tree from the danger of forest clearing. This review paper has therefore compiled information from available secondary literature on Baccaurea lanceolata in terms of its traditional knowledge, cultural usage as well as studies on its scientifically proven health benefits.