bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gallstones in pregnancy
Authors: Hess ECF , Thumbadoo RP , Thorne EPC , McNamee K 
Published: February 2021

Gallstone disease is the most common gastrointestinal disease in developed countries and is present in up to 15% of the population. Owing to the increased risk factors for gallstones in pregnancy, it is the second most common non-obstetric emergency, affecting up to 12% of pregnant women with a risk of recurrence. Up to 3% of pregnant women in America require a cholecystectomy in the first year after delivery. Gallstone disease has a high risk of developing associated complications, and maternal mortality can be up to 37% if the patient develops gallstone pancreatitis.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and cholecystectomy can be performed safely in the second trimester when benefits outweigh the risks. However, if the patient is able to be managed conservatively, then a cholecystectomy should be performed in the postnatal period to avoid further recurrences and complications. Despite this, there is currently no national UK guidance on how to manage gallstones and related diseases during pregnancy.
The leadership and followership challenges of doctors in training during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Boardman Nathan , Munro-Berry Jack , McKimm Judy 
Published: February 2021

Research carried out in 2016 by the authors investigated the challenges that doctors in training experience around leadership and followership in the NHS. The study explored contemporary healthcare leadership culture and the role of followership from the perspective of early career doctors. It found that the leadership and followership challenges for these doctors in training were associated with issues of social and professional identity, communication, the medical hierarchy, and relationships with senior colleagues (support and trust). These challenges were exacerbated by the busy and turbulent clinical environment in which they worked. To cope with various clinical situations and forms of leadership, doctors in training engage in a range of different followership behaviours and strategies.The study raised implications for medical education and training and suggested that followership should be included as part of formal training in communication and team working skills. The importance of both leadership and followership in the delivery of safe and effective patient care has been brought sharply into focus by the COVID-19 pandemic. This article revisits these challenges in light of the pandemic and its impact on the experiences of doctors in training.
Factors associated with persistent opioid use after an upper extremity fracture
Authors: Shah Romil Fenil , Gwilym Stephen E. , Lamb Sarah , Williams Mark , Ring David , Jayakumar Prakash 
Published: February 2021

Aims The increase in prescription opioid misuse and dependence is now a public health crisis in the UK. It is recognized as a whole-person problem that involves both the medical and the psychosocial needs of patients. Analyzing aspects of pathophysiology, emotional health, and social wellbeing associated with persistent opioid use after injury may inform safe and effective alleviation of pain while minimizing risk of misuse or dependence. Our objectives were to investigate patient factors associated with opioid use two to four weeks and six to nine months after an upper limb fracture. Methods A total of 734 patients recovering from an isolated upper limb fracture were recruited in this study. Opioid prescription was documented retrospectively for the period preceding the injury, and prospectively at the two- to four-week post-injury visit and six- to nine-month post-injury visit. Bivariate and multivariate analysis sought factors associated with opioid prescription from demographics, injury-specific data, Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Instrumentation System (PROMIS), Depression computer adaptive test (CAT), PROMIS Anxiety CAT, PROMIS Instrumental Support CAT, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ-2), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), and measures that investigate levels of social support. Results A new prescription of opioids two to four weeks after injury was independently associated with less social support (odds ratio (OR) 0.26, p < 0.001), less instrumental support (OR 0.91, p < 0.001), and greater symptoms of anxiety (OR 1.1, p < 0.001). A new prescription of opioids six to nine months after injury was independently associated with less instrumental support (OR 0.9, p < 0.001) and greater symptoms of anxiety (OR 1.1, p < 0.001). Conclusion This study demonstrates that potentially modifiable psychosocial factors are associated with increased acute and chronic opioid prescriptions following upper limb fracture. Surgeons prescribing opioids for upper limb fractures should be made aware of the screening and management of emotional and social health. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(2):119–124.
POPULISMOS, AUGE DE LA EXTREMA DERECHA Y CRISIS DE LA DEMOCRACIA LIBERAL
Authors: Zeller Orellana Carlos 
Published: February 2021

Reseña y comentario de:El tiempo pervertido: derecha e izquierda en el siglo XXI. Esteban Hernández, Akal, Madrid, 2018.Las nuevas caras de la derecha. Enzo Traverso, Siglo XXI, Buenos Aires, 2018.El pueblo contra la democracia: Por qué nuestra libertad está en peligro y cómo salvarla. Yascha Mounk, Paidós, Barcelona, 2018.
Implementation of the wide-angle acousto-optical interaction geometry in a mercury bromide single crystal
Authors: Dyakonov Evgeniy , Porokhovnichenko Dmitriy , Ryu Jaeyeol , Balakshy Vladimir 
Published: February 2021

A number of acousto-optic figures of merit and elasto-optic constants of a mercury bromide (

H
g

2

B
r

2

) crystal were measured. The key characteristics of the wide-angular acousto-optic tunable filter based on a

H
g

2

B
r

2

crystal in the (

1

1
¯

0

) plane were calculated from the measurements carried out and previously known data. It is demonstrated that the crystal makes it possible to create effective devices operating in the 5–25 µm wavelength range. In addition, we proposed the design of a filter operating in the long-wavelength infrared range of 8–12 µm, providing spectral resolution up to

R
=
300

and a field of view outside the crystal up to 10°. Its diffraction efficiency can reach up to 2% per 1 W of continuous driving power.
Direct measurement of the sound velocity in water based on the acousto-optic signal
Authors: Li Chenxi , Xue Bin , Yang Zihui 
Published: February 2021

Based on the acousto-optic effect, we propose a new method to directly measure water sound velocity that avoids the error-like phase ambiguity brought by the piezoelectric effect that is broadly adopted in current methods. In the experimental setup we designed, the laser signal modulated by the propagating acoustic wave changes its phase suddenly when the wave crosses the two or more intercepting laser lines simultaneously. This new design creatively realizes the possibility to capture time information at the phase level in sound velocity measurement, which is hardly realized in the piezoelectric-effect-based methods. Utilizing the above principle and the derived mathematical calculation, the accuracy of sound velocity with good traceability can be obtained. The experimental results show that the repeatability of the measurement results is less than 0.0159 m/s, and the accuracy compared with the commercial sound velocity profiler is better than 0.02 m/s.
Disparities in potential years of life lost due to intimate partner violence: Data from 16 states for 2006–2015
Authors: Graham Laurie M. , Ranapurwala Shabbar I. , Zimmer Catherine , Macy Rebecca J. , Rizo Cynthia F. , Lanier Paul , Martin Sandra L. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Intimate partner violence can lead to deaths of one or both partners and others (i.e., corollary victims). Prior studies do not enumerate the societal cost of intimate partner violence-related fatalities, exclude corollary victims from most analyses, and do not describe groups who bear the highest societal costs from intimate partner violence.

Objective
We examine racial/ethnic and gender-based disparities in potential years of life lost (PYLL) among intimate partners and corollary victims of intimate partner violence-related mortality.

Methods
We used 16 US states’ 2006–2015 National Violent Death Reporting System data to estimate PYLL among intimate partners (n = 6,282) and corollary victims (n = 1,634) by victims’ race/ethnicity and sex. We describe fatalities by sex, race/ethnicity, age, and victim-suspect relationships and used hierarchical linear models to examine PYLL per death differences by victims’ sex and race/ethnicity.

Results
Nearly 290,000 years of potential life were lost by partner and corollary victims as a result of IPV in 16 states during the decade of study. Most partner victims were female (59%); most corollary victims were male (76%). Female intimate partners died 5.1 years earlier (95% CI: 4.4., 5.9) than males, and female corollary victims died 3.6 years (1.9, 5.5) earlier than males. Racial/ethnic minorities died nine or more years earlier than their White counterparts. White males had the lowest PYLL per death of all sex/race groups.

Implications
Intimate partner violence-related fatalities exact a high societal cost, and the burden of that cost is disproportionately high among racial/ethnic minorities. Future interventions targeting specific sex and race/ethnic groups might help reduce disparities in intimate partner violence burden.
Impact of pre-analytic step duration on molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis for five types of biological samples
Authors: Brenier-Pinchart Marie-Pierre , Varlet-Marie Emmanuelle , Robert-Gangneux Florence , Filisetti Denis , Guitard Juliette , Sterkers Yvon , Yera Hélène , Pelloux Hervé , Bastien Patrick 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionToxoplasma-PCR is essential to diagnose ocular, cerebral, disseminated and congenital toxoplasmosis. This multicenter study evaluated the impact of sample storage duration at +4°C on PCR assay performances in order to propose guidelines for the storage of samples during shipment or/and before PCR.Materials and methodsFive matrices, amniotic (AF), cerebrospinal (CSF), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), whole blood (WB) and buffy coat (BC), were artificially spiked with different amounts ofToxoplasma gondii(20, 100, 500 tachyzoites per mL of sample) or with previously infected THP1 cells. DNA extractions were performed at day 0 and after 2, 4 and 7 days of storage at +4°C. Each extract was amplified at least twice by real-time PCR.ResultsA total of 252 spiked samples was studied. No increase of crossing point was observed and all samples were positive for AF, BALF, BC and infected THP1-spiked WB after up to 7 days at 4°C. For CSF spiked with 20 parasites/mL, only 50% of PCR reactions were positive at D7 (p<0.05). For WB spiked with type II parasites, all reactions remained positive at D7 but amplifications were significantly delayed from D2; and for WB spiked with RH strain, the proportion of positive reactions decreased at D7.ConclusionThe storage of clinical samples at +4°C is compatible with the molecular detection ofT.gondiiparasites. Provided that PCR assays are performed in duplicate, storage of samples is possible up to 7 days. However, from the fifth day onwards, and for samples susceptible to contain low parasitic loads, we recommend to perform the PCR in multiplicate.
Risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease among adult Nevadans
Authors: Tran Dieu-My T. , Lekhak Nirmala , Gutierrez Karen , Moonie Sheniz 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death in the US and Nevada is ranked 11th highest for CVD mortality. The study sought to examine the association between self-reported risk factors and CVD presence among adult Nevadans, between years 2011 and 2017.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional, population-based study that utilized the 2011 and 2017 Nevada Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. Data were analyzed between 2019 and 2020.ResultsA total of 5,493 and 3,764 subjects in 2011 and 2017, respectively were included. BMI (overweight/obesity) remained the most prevalent CVD risk factor. The second most common CVD risk factor was high cholesterol, followed by hypertension. Compared to females, males were 1.64 times more likely to have reported CVD in 2011, which increased to 1.92 in 2017. Compared to non-smokers, everyday smokers were 1.96 times more likely in 2011 and 3.62 times more likely in 2017. Individuals with high cholesterol status were 2.67 times more likely to have reported CVD compared to those with normal levels in 2011. In 2011, individuals with hypertension were 3.74 times more likely to have reported CVD compared to those who did not have hypertension. This relationship increased its magnitude of risk to 6.18 times more likely in 2017. In 2011, individuals with diabetes were 2.90 times more likely to have reported CVD compared to those without the condition.ConclusionsPublic health and healthcare providers need to target preventable cardiovascular risk factors and develop recommendations and strategies locally, nationally, and globally.
What Is Post-punk? Genre and Identity in Avant-garde Popular Music, 1977-82, Mimi Haddon (2020)
Authors: Lonkin Claudia 
Published: February 2021

Review of: What Is Post-punk? Genre and Identity in Avant-garde Popular Music, 1977-82, Mimi Haddon (2020)
Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 226 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-47212-655-2, h/bk, $70
Too Old to Die Young: Paranoid Visions, Punk Rock, and Me, Peter Jones (2020)
Authors: Murphy Michael Mary 
Published: February 2021

Review of: Too Old to Die Young: Paranoid Visions, Punk Rock, and Me, Peter Jones (2020)
Dublin: Rotator PM, 295 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-99554-751-3, p/bk, €22
Killer Tunes and Screaming Bloody Murder in the Basement of Hell… and Other Stories, Cubesville (2020)
Authors: Bull Gregory 
Published: February 2021

Review of: Killer Tunes and Screaming Bloody Murder in the Basement of Hell… and Other Stories, Cubesville (2020)
Manchester: Cubesville Press, 124 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-83808-350-2, p/bk, £4.97
El recordatorio a la determinación del contenido esencial de los derechos fundamentales atendiendo el escenario de la pandemia por el COVID 19, en el Estado Colombiano
Authors: Blanco Alvarado Carolina 
Published: February 2021

Este manuscrito pretende una aproximación global al contenido esencial de los derechos fundamentales,como prestaciones positivas y negativas que debe garantizar el Estado. Si bien la doctrina ha gestionadoteorías que explican a dicha institución como límite a la actividad legislativa, no existe explicaciónunívoca de lo que significa el contenido esencial de los derechos fundamentales: se considera que esla misma dignidad humana. Los objetivos del presente manuscrito se circunscriben a identificar ladogmática jurídica en el marco del contenido esencial de los derechos fundamentales, a establecercríticas a la referenciada dogmática jurídica y a determinar una aproximación al contenido esencial delos derechos fundamentales. La metodología de investigación empleada en el manuscrito es de caráctercualitativo, en razón a que el problema de investigación planteado supuso analizar descriptivamentela naturaleza jurídica del contenido esencial de los derechos fundamentales. Lo anterior, desde elmétodo de investigación descriptivo-documental, ya que el artículo se fundamentó en la doctrinaexistente sobre el tema en particular.
ativo en razón a que el problema de investigación planteado supuso analizar descriptivamente la naturaleza jurídica del contenido esencial de los derechos fundamentales. Lo anterior desde el método de investigación descriptivo - documental, ya que el artículo se fundamentó en la doctrina existente sobre el tema en particular
On the Use of the areaΔ and the Three-Parameter Model to Estimate High Cycle Fatigue Life
Authors: Ding Mingchao , Zhang Yuanliang , Lu Huitian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In our previous work, a parameter areaΔ was proposed to describe fatigue damage caused by micro scratch, whose validity was verified by fracture mechanics. In this article, we summarize an attempt to check the applicability of the areaΔ in the field of the classic S-N curve method. For the sake of objective verification, the experiment data used in this article are from our published work. A high cycle fatigue life model of TC17 based on micro scratches is established with the synthesis of the three-parameter model and Murakami equation modified by areaΔ. Prediction results gave accuracy to mainly fall into the scatter band of factor 2. It can be suggested that areaΔ is suitable for being used in both fracture mechanics and classic S-N curve method. Furthermore, the validity of areaΔ in fatigue behavior analysis combined with current fatigue theories and materials is summarized. The measurement method of scratch depth and width suitable for areaΔ is also introduced.
End-of-Life Childhood Cancer Research: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hasan Fyeza , Widger Kimberley , Sung Lillian , Wheaton Laura 
Published: February 2021

CONTEXT:Children with incurable cancer may participate in research studies at the end of life (EOL). These studies create knowledge that can improve the care of future patients.OBJECTIVE:To describe stakeholder perspectives regarding research studies involving children with cancer at the EOL by conduct of a systematic review.DATA SOURCES:We used the following data sources: Ovid Medline, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ProQuest (inception until August 2020).STUDY SELECTION:We selected 24 articles published in English that examined perceptions or experiences of research participation for children with cancer at the EOL from the perspectives of children, parents, and health professionals (HPs).DATA EXTRACTION:Two authors independently extracted data, assessed study quality, and performed thematic analysis and synthesis.RESULTS:Eight themes were identified: (1) seeking control; (2) faith, hope, and uncertainty; (3) being a good parent; (4) helping others; (5) barriers and facilitators; (6) information and understanding; (7) the role of HPs in consent and beyond; and (8) involvement of the child in decision-making.LIMITATIONS:Study designs were heterogeneous. Only one study discussed palliative care research.CONCLUSIONS:Some families participate in EOL research seeking to gain control and sustain hope, despite uncertainty. Other families choose against research, prioritizing quality of life. Parents may perceive research participation as the role of a “good parent” and hope to help others. HPs have positive views of EOL research but fear that parents lack understanding of the purpose of studies and the likelihood of benefit. We identified barriers to research participation and informed consent.
Digital methods in researching Slovakia Hungarian regional dialects
Authors: Presinszky Károly 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study overviews the most recent digital methods used in Slovakia Hungarian dialectology. Slovakia Hungarian dialectology started out by using the most modern digital methods in 2010 at Nitra/Nyitra university, creating regional dialect databases, first for the Žitný ostrov/Csallóköz region and then for the whole Slovakia Hungarian dialect region. Recording and processing data has been carried out with the help of the Bihalbocs software developed by Domokos Vékás and Fruzsina Sára Vargha in Hungary. The present paper first provides an overview of digital methods in dialectology and its results for Hungarian dialects, and then summarizes the results of the Nitra/Nyitra team so far, illustrating the diversity of digitized dialectological data. It discusses the findings of publications reporting on the results of this research, including maps showing the geographical and social distribution of linguistic phenomena and acoustic phonetic analyses of data aligned with sound files. Important output of this research also includes recently published audiobooks of Slovakia Hungarian dialects. The paper outlines further avenues of research based on the most recent findings.
A comparative study of reading comprehension skills among Hungarian students in Hungary and Slovakia
Authors: Vančo Ildikó , Gergelyová Viktória 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present study aims to map the reading comprehension skills of the primary school students in Hungary and Slovakia and to see what differences there are in the reading habits, self-assessment and actual performance in reading comprehension between the two groups.A total of 240 survey respondents from the two countries and belonging to two age groups participated in this phase of research. The survey consisted of two parts. The first part was a self-completed questionnaire consisting of 23 questions, in which the students' sociological background, language use, reading habits, and subjective opinions related to the assessment of reading comprehension skills were assessed. The second part was a reading comprehension test, which consisted of three sets of texts and questions adapted to the cognitive abilities of the two age groups.An analysis of the answers shows that there is no significant difference between the self-evaluation of students in the two countries regarding their reading comprehension skills. There is however a difference between the reading habits of Hungarian students in Hungary vs. in Slovakia in both age groups, and a significant difference between the results of the reading comprehension test in the groups of students from the two countries.
Velocity Profile of a Ferrofluid in the Presence of Rotating Magnetic Fields. Pseudo-Analytical and Numerical Solutions.
Authors: Jiménez-Leyva Cristian Camilo , Vargas-Torres Hermann Raúl , Correa-Cely Carlos Rodrigo 
Published: February 2021

From the beginning of ferro-hydrodynamics, several authors have proposed analytical models to describe the movement of ferrofluids in the presence of rotating external magnetic fields. To this effect they have made valid simplifications in certain and very restricted physical situations. In this work we analyze the effects of these approaches against numerical solutions that do not make use of them. A sample of ferrofluid immersed in containers with three types of geometries was considered: one of flat and parallel plates, one cylindrical and another coaxial cylindrical. Velocity profiles were obtained by these two strategies. The analytical solution leads to a linear model with several simplifications, while the second, numerical in nature, generates a non-linear model, but without approximations. The simulation results showed that the implifications made in the analytical strategy generate profiles that are valid only for magnetic field intensities lower than the respective ferrofluid saturation values. Additionally, and given the level of development of analytical modeling, it was found that the numerical solution is currently the most appropriate to evaluate the ferro-hydrodynamic model, since it does not have restrictions related to the intensity of the magnetic field. In the same way, it allows to evidence the phenomenon of saturation in the velocity profiles by increasing the intensity of the magnetic field, a situation observed experimentally, and unpredictable by means of these currently available pseudo-analytical solutions.