bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of eating disorder treatment response trajectories via machine learning does not improve performance versus a simpler regression approach
Authors: Espel‐Huynh Hallie , Zhang Fengqing , Thomas J. Graham , Boswell James F. , Thompson‐Brenner Heather , Juarascio Adrienne S. , Lowe Michael R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivePatterns of response to eating disorder (ED) treatment are heterogeneous. Advance knowledge of a patient's expected course may inform precision medicine for ED treatment. This study explored the feasibility of applying machine learning to generate personalized predictions of symptom trajectories among patients receiving treatment for EDs, and compared model performance to a simpler logistic regression prediction model.MethodParticipants were adolescent girls and adult women (N = 333) presenting for residential ED treatment. Self‐report progress assessments were completed at admission, discharge, and weekly throughout treatment. Latent growth mixture modeling previously identified three latent treatment response trajectories (Rapid Response, Gradual Response, and Low‐Symptom Static Response) and assigned a trajectory type to each patient. Machine learning models (support vector, k‐nearest neighbors) and logistic regression were applied to these data to predict a patient's response trajectory using data from the first 2 weeks of treatment.ResultsThe best‐performing machine learning model (evaluated via area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUC]) was the radial‐kernel support vector machine (AUCRADIAL = 0.94). However, the more computationally‐intensive machine learning models did not improve predictive power beyond that achieved by logistic regression (AUCLOGIT = 0.93). Logistic regression significantly improved upon chance prediction (MAUC[NULL] = 0.50, SD = .01; p <.001).DiscussionPrediction of ED treatment response trajectories is feasible and achieves excellent performance, however, machine learning added little benefit. We discuss the need to explore how advance knowledge of expected trajectories may be used to plan treatment and deliver individualized interventions to maximize treatment effects.
Distribution and habitat attributes associated with the Himalayan red panda in the westernmost distribution range
Authors: Shrestha Saroj , Thapa Arjun , Bista Damber , Robinson Natasha , Sherpa Ang Phuri , Acharya Krishna Prasad , Jnawali Shant Raj , Lama Sonam Tashi , Lama Sony 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Himalayan red panda (Ailurus fulgens), a recently confirmed distinct species in the red panda genus, is distributed in Nepal, India, Bhutan, and south Tibet. Nepal represents the westernmost distribution of the Himalayan red panda. This study aims to determine important habitat features influencing the distribution of red panda and recommend possible habitat corridors. This manuscript described current potential habitat of 3,222 km2 with the relative abundance of 3.34 signs/km in Nepal. Aspect, canopy cover, bamboo cover, and distance to water were the important habitat attributes. It suggested five potential corridors in western Nepal. Overall, the study has important implications for conservation of the Himalayan red panda in western distribution range.
Mixing tree species associated with arbuscular or ectotrophic mycorrhizae reveals dual mycorrhization and interactive effects on the fungal partners
Authors: Heklau Heike , Schindler Nicole , Buscot François , Eisenhauer Nico , Ferlian Olga , Prada Salcedo Luis D. , Bruelheide Helge 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Recent studies found that the majority of shrub and tree species are associated with both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. However, our knowledge on how different mycorrhizal types interact with each other is still limited. We asked whether the combination of hosts with a preferred association with either AM or EM fungi increases the host tree roots’ mycorrhization rate and affects AM and EM fungal richness and community composition.

We established a tree diversity experiment, where five tree species of each of the two mycorrhiza types were planted in monocultures, two‐species and four‐species mixtures. We applied morphological assessment to estimate mycorrhization rates and next‐generation molecular sequencing to quantify mycobiont richness.

Both the morphological and molecular assessment revealed dual‐mycorrhizal colonization in 79% and 100% of the samples, respectively. OTU community composition strongly differed between AM and EM trees. While host tree species richness did not affect mycorrhization rates, we observed significant effects of mixing AM‐ and EM‐associated hosts in AM mycorrhization rate. Glomeromycota richness was larger in monotypic AM tree combinations than in AM‐EM mixtures, pointing to a dilution or suppression effect of AM by EM trees. We found a strong match between morphological quantification of AM mycorrhization rate and Glomeromycota richness.

Synthesis. We provide evidence that the combination of hosts differing in their preferred mycorrhiza association affects the host's fungal community composition, thus revealing important biotic interactions among trees and their associated fungi.
Tests of hypotheses for group formation in the subtropical leaf‐dwelling bat, Kerivoula furva
Authors: Hsu Chia‐Wei , Kao Mei‐Ting , Chou Cheng‐Han , Cheng Hsi‐Chi , Liu Jian‐Nan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInvestigating factors that promote group living in animals can help us to understand the evolution of sociality. The dark woolly bat, Kerivoula furva, forms small groups and uses furled leaves of banana (Musa formosana) as day roosts in subtropical Taiwan. In this study, we reported on the roosting ecology and social organization of K. furva. We examined whether ecological constraints, demographic traits, and physiological demands contributed to its sociality. From July 2014 to May 2016, we investigated the daily roost occupation rate, group size, and composition of each roost, and we calculated association indices in pairs. The results showed K. furva lived in groups throughout the year, and the average daily roost occupation rate was approximately 6.7% of all furled leaves that were suitable for roosting. The size of roosting groups of adults in each roost varied between 1 and 13; group size was independent of air temperature during both reproductive and nonreproductive seasons. The vast majority of roosting groups was composed of females and their young, and males frequently roosted solitarily or in a bachelor group. Forty adult bats were captured ≥4 times during the study period. The association indices in pairs of these 40 bats ranged between 0 and 0.83 with an average of 0.05 ± 0.14 (n = 780). The average association index of female–female pairs was significantly higher than that of female–male pairs and male–male pairs. Based on the association indices, the 40 bats were divided into seven social groups with social group sizes that varied between 2 and 10. Despite changing day roosts frequently, the relatively stable social bonds were maintained year‐round. Our results that groups of K. furva were formed by active aggregation of multiple generation members supported the demographic traits hypothesis.
Distributive stress: individually variable responses to hypoxia expand trophic niches in fish
Authors: Steube Tyler R. , Altenritter Matthew E. , Walther Benjamin D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEnvironmental stress can reshape trophic interactions by excluding predators or rendering prey vulnerable, depending on the relative sensitivity of species to the stressor. Classical models of food web responses to stress predict either complete predator exclusion from stressed areas or complete prey vulnerability if predators are stress tolerant. However, if the consumer response to the stress is individually variable, the result may be a distributive stress model (DSM) whereby predators distribute consumption pressure across a range of prey guilds and their trophic niche is expanded. We test these models in one of the largest hypoxic “Dead Zones” in the world, the northern Gulf of Mexico, by combining geochemical tracers of hypoxia exposure and isotope ratios to assess individual‐level trophic responses. Hypoxia‐exposed fish occupied niche widths that were 14.8% and 400% larger than their normoxic counterparts in two different years, consistent with variable displacement from benthic to pelagic food webs. The degree of isotopic displacement depended on the magnitude of hypoxia exposure. These results are consistent with the DSM and highlight the need to account for individually variable sublethal effects when predicting community responses to environmental stress.
Brown meets green: light and nutrients alter detritivore assimilation of microbial nutrients from leaf litter
Authors: Price Taylor L. , Harper Jennifer , Francoeur Steven N. , Halvorson Halvor M. , Kuehn Kevin A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn aquatic detrital‐based food webs, research suggests that autotroph‐heterotroph microbial interactions exert bottom‐up controls on energy and nutrient transfer. To address this emerging topic, we investigated microbial responses to nutrient and light treatments during Liriodendron tulipifera litter decomposition and fed litter to the caddisfly larvae Pycnopsyche sp. We measured litter‐associated algal, fungal, and bacterial biomass and production. Microbes were also labeled with 14C and 33P to trace distinct microbial carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) supporting Pycnopsyche assimilation and incorporation (growth). Litter‐associated algal and fungal production rates additively increased with higher nutrient and light availability. Incorporation of microbial P did not differ across diets, except for higher incorporation efficiency of slower‐turnover P on low‐nutrient, shaded litter. On average, Pycnopsyche assimilated fungal C more efficiently than bacterial or algal C, and Pycnopsyche incorporated bacterial C more efficiently than algal or fungal C. Due to high litter fungal biomass, fungi supported 89.6–93.1% of Pycnopsyche C growth, compared to 0.2% to 3.6% supported by bacteria or algae. Overall, Pycnopsyche incorporated the most C in high nutrient and shaded litter. Our findings affirm others' regarding autotroph‐heterotroph microbial interactions and extend into the trophic transfer of microbial energy and nutrients through detrital food webs.
A Phase II study of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells and c‐kit positive cardiac cells, alone or in combination, in patients with ischaemic heart failure: the CCTRN CONCERT‐HF trial
Authors: Bolli Roberto , Mitrani Raul D. , Hare Joshua M. , Pepine Carl J. , Perin Emerson C. , Willerson James T. , Traverse Jay H. , Henry Timothy D. , Yang Phillip C. , Murphy Michael P. , March Keith L. , Schulman Ivonne H. , Ikram Sohail , Lee David P. , O'Brien Connor , Lima Joao A. , Ostovaneh Mohammad R. , Ambale‐Venkatesh Bharath , Lewis Gregory , Khan Aisha , Bacallao Ketty , Valasaki Krystalenia , Longsomboon Bangon , Gee Adrian P. , Richman Sara , Taylor Doris A. , Lai Dejian , Sayre Shelly L. , Bettencourt Judy , Vojvodic Rachel W. , Cohen Michelle L. , Simpson Lara , Aguilar David , Loghin Catalin , Moyé Lem , Ebert Ray F. , Davis Barry R. , Simari Robert D. ,   for the Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network (CCTRN)
Published: April 2021

AimsCONCERT‐HF is an NHLBI‐sponsored, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, Phase II trial designed to determine whether treatment with autologous bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and c‐kit positive cardiac cells (CPCs), given alone or in combination, is feasible, safe, and beneficial in patients with heart failure (HF) caused by ischaemic cardiomyopathy.Methods and resultsPatients were randomized (1:1:1:1) to transendocardial injection of MSCs combined with CPCs, MSCs alone, CPCs alone, or placebo, and followed for 12 months. Seven centres enrolled 125 participants with left ventricular ejection fraction of 28.6 ± 6.1% and scar size 19.4 ± 5.8%, in New York Heart Association class II or III. The proportion of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was significantly decreased by CPCs alone (−22% vs. placebo, P = 0.043). Quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score) was significantly improved by MSCs alone (P = 0.050) and MSCs + CPCs (P = 0.023) vs. placebo. Left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular volumes, scar size, 6‐min walking distance, and peak oxygen consumption did not differ significantly among groups.ConclusionsThis is the first multicentre trial assessing CPCs and a combination of two cell types from different tissues in HF patients. The results show that treatment is safe and feasible. Even with maximal guideline‐directed therapy, both CPCs and MSCs were associated with improved clinical outcomes (MACE and quality of life, respectively) in ischaemic HF without affecting left ventricular function or structure, suggesting possible systemic or paracrine cellular mechanisms. Combining MSCs with CPCs was associated with improvement in both these outcomes. These results suggest potential important beneficial effects of CPCs and MSCs and support further investigation in HF patients.
CCR4 in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: Therapeutic targeting of a pathogenic driver
Authors: Nicolay Jan P. , Albrecht Jana D. , Alberti‐Violetti Silvia , Berti Emilio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNew treatments are needed for patients with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL), particularly for advanced mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS). The immunopathology of MF and SS is complex, but recent advances in tumor microenvironment understanding have identified CCR4 as a promising therapeutic target. CCR4 is widely expressed on malignant T cells and Tregs in the skin and peripheral blood of patients with MF and SS. The interaction of CCR4 with its dominant ligands CCL17 and CCL22 plays a critical role in the development and progression of CTCL, facilitating the movement into, and accumulation of, CCR4‐expressing T cells in the skin, and recruiting CCR4‐expressing Tregs into the tumor microenvironment. Expression of CCR4 is upregulated at all stages of MF and in SS, increasing with advancing disease. Several CCR4‐targeted therapies are being evaluated, including “chemotoxins” targeting CCR4 via CCL17, CCR4‐directed chimeric antigen receptor‐modified T‐cell therapies, small‐molecule CCR4 antagonists, and anti‐CCR4 monoclonal antibodies. Only one is currently approved: mogamulizumab, a defucosylated, fully humanized, anti‐CCR4, monoclonal antibody for the treatment of relapsed/refractory MF and SS. Clinical trial da1ta confirm that mogamulizumab is an effective and well‐tolerated treatment for relapsed/refractory MF or SS, demonstrating the clinical value of targeting CCR4.
Modulating oxidative stress counteracts specific antigen‐induced regulatory T‐cell apoptosis in mice
Authors: Zhang Yuan‐Yi , Feng Bai‐Sui , Zhang Huanping , Yang Gui , Jin Qiao‐Ruo , Luo Xiang‐Qian , Ma Na , Huang Qin‐Miao , Yang Li‐Teng , Zhang Guo‐Hao , Liu Da‐Bo , Yu Yong , Liu Zhi‐Gang , Zheng Peng‐Yuan , Yang Ping‐Chang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTreg are known to have a central role in orchestrating immune responses, but less is known about the destiny of Treg after being activated by specific Ags. This study aimed to investigate the role of superoxide dismutase, an active molecule in the regulation of oxidative stress in the body, in the prevention of Treg apoptosis induced by specific Ags. Ag‐specific Tregs were isolated from the DO11.10 mouse intestine. A food allergy mouse model was developed with ovalbumin as the specific Ag and here, we observed that exposure to specific Ag induced Treg apoptosis through converting the precursor of TGF‐β to its mature form inside the Tregs. Oxidative stress was induced in Tregs upon exposure to specific Ags, in which Smad3 bound the latency‐associated peptide to induce its degradation, converting the TGF‐β precursor to its mature form, TGF‐β. Suppressing oxidative stress in Tregs alleviated the specific Ag‐induced Treg apoptosis in in vitro experiments and suppressed experimental food allergy by preventing the specific Ag‐induced Treg apoptosis in the intestine. In conclusion, exposure to specific Ags induces Treg apoptosis and it can be prevented by upregulating superoxide dismutase or suppressing reactive oxidative species in Tregs.
Effect of magnetic field on electroosmotic flow of viscoelastic fluids in a microchannel
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Qiao Yanli , Qi Haitao , Xu Huanying 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElectroosmotic flow is an efficient transportation technology driven by applying an external electric field across the microchannel, which has a great potential for future application. This work is presented to study the unsteady electroosmotic flow of viscoelastic fluids combined with a constant pressure gradient and a vertical magnetic field through a parallel plate microchannel. For the reason that the upper and bottom walls of the parallel plate microchannel in microfluidic devices can be made of different materials, this leads to different hydrophobic properties, asymmetric zeta wall potentials, and different slip boundary conditions. The Navier slip model with different slip coefficients at walls is considered. The generalized Maxwell fluid with fractional derivative is adopted for the constitutive equation of the fluid. The analytical and numerical solutions of velocity are derived by employing the integral transform method and finite difference method, respectively. Excellent agreement is found between the numerical solutions and analytical solutions. Finally, the effects of fractional parameter , relaxation time , slip coefficients and , the ratio of wall zeta potentials , Hartmann number , and electrical field strength parameter on velocity profiles are interpreted graphically in detail.
Preparation of lignosulfonate‐based nanofiltration membranes with improved water desalination performance
Authors: Liu Wangqu , Geng Xin , Li Saisai , Zhan Xia , Li Jiding , Wang Luying , Lei Jiandu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPulping and papermaking generate large amounts of waste in the form of lignosulfonates which have limited valorized applications so far. Herein, we report a novel lignosulfonate‐based nanofiltration membrane, prepared by using polyethylenimine (PEI) and sodium lignosulfonate (SL) via a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assembly. As a low‐cost and renewable natural polyelectrolyte, SL is selected to replace the synthetic polyelectrolyte commonly used in the conventional LbL fabrication for composite membranes. The prepared LbL (PEI/SL)7 membranes were crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (GA) to obtain (PEI/SL)7‐GA membranes with compact selective layer. We characterized (PEI/SL)7 and (PEI/SL)7‐GA membranes to study the chemical compositions, morphologies, and surface hydrophilicity. To improve the nanofiltration performances of the (PEI/SL)7‐GA membranes for water desalination, we investigated the effects of the crosslinking time, GA concentration and the NaCl supporting electrolyte on membrane structure and performance. The optimized (PEI/SL)7‐GA membrane exhibited a permeating flux up to 39.6 L/(m2·h) and a rejection of 91.7% for the MgSO4 aqueous solution 2.0 g/L concentration, showing its promising potential for water desalination. This study provides a new approach to applying the underdeveloped lignin‐based biomass as green membrane materials for water treatment.
Truncated generalized extreme value distribution‐based ensemble model output statistics model for calibration of wind speed ensemble forecasts
Authors: Baran Sándor , Szokol Patrícia , Szabó Marianna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent years, ensemble weather forecasting has become a routine at all major weather prediction centers. These forecasts are obtained from multiple runs of numerical weather prediction models with different initial conditions or model parametrizations. However, ensemble forecasts can often be underdispersive and also biased, so some kind of postprocessing is needed to account for these deficiencies. One of the most popular state of the art statistical postprocessing techniques is the ensemble model output statistics (EMOS), which provides a full predictive distribution of the studied weather quantity. We propose a novel EMOS model for calibrating wind speed ensemble forecasts, where the predictive distribution is a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution left truncated at zero (TGEV). The truncation corrects the disadvantage of the GEV distribution‐based EMOS models of occasionally predicting negative wind speed values, without affecting its favorable properties. The new model is tested on four datasets of wind speed ensemble forecasts provided by three different ensemble prediction systems, covering various geographical domains and time periods. The forecast skill of the TGEV EMOS model is compared with the predictive performance of the truncated normal, log‐normal and GEV methods and the raw and climatological forecasts as well. The results verify the advantageous properties of the novel TGEV EMOS approach.
Seismic structural health monitoring using the modal assurance distribution
Authors: Quqa Said , Landi Luca , Diotallevi Pier Paolo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThanks to emerging techniques in the field of signal processing and due to improvements in smart sensing systems which enable the event‐triggered acquisition of high‐fidelity data at the occurrence of strong ground motion events, seismic structural health monitoring has grown considerably in the last few decades. In this paper, the modal assurance distribution, an alternative time‐frequency representation of the modal features of multivariate and multicomponent signals, is extended for application to short‐term nonstationary vibrational structural responses in which the system may manifest its nonlinear behavior. A general procedure for the extraction of the decoupled normal modes is presented, which allows the identification of instantaneous modal parameters in order to investigate in detail the structural behavior during earthquakes. Valuable information that cannot be recovered by means of traditional criteria can thus be exploited for accurate damage assessment. The results obtained for two case studies consisting of a numerical model with softening nonlinear behavior and a full‐scale experimental reinforced concrete benchmark show the potential and applicability of the method proposed for the integrity assessment of civil structures.
Simulating nonstationary and non‐Gaussian vector ground motions with time‐ and frequency‐dependent lagged coherence
Authors: Cui X. Z. , Hong H. P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeismic ground motions at multiple sites are nonstationary and non‐Gaussian with potentially time‐ and frequency‐dependent coherence, although the nonstationarity or non‐Gaussian or time‐dependent coherence aspects are often neglected because of lack of algorithm or method to take all these aspects into account to simulate synthetic ground motion records at multiple sites. In the present study, an iterative power and amplitude correction algorithm is proposed to simulate the nonstationary and non‐Gaussian vector process and takes into account time‐ and frequency‐dependent coherence. The algorithm usually converges within 10 iterations. It can be viewed as the extension of the well‐known iterative amplitude adjust Fourier transform algorithm for generating a vector of surrogates. The proposed algorithm uses the S‐transform and discrete orthonormal S‐transform rather than the ordinary Fourier transform. The adequacy of the proposed algorithm is validated numerically by using simulated ground motions.