bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water content, critical micelle concentration of phospholipids and formation of association colloids as factors influencing autoxidation of rapeseed oil
Authors: Bąkowska Ewa , Siger Aleksander , Rudzińska Magdalena , Dwiecki Krzysztof 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe exact mechanism of lipid autoxidation in vegetable oils, taking into account physical aspects of this phenomenon, including the role of association colloids, is still not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to consider changes in moisture content and DOPC phospholipid (1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine) critical micelle concentration (CMC) in rapeseed oil during autoxidation as well as to find the relationship between these parameters and the accumulation of primary and secondary lipid oxidation products.RESULTSThe experiments were performed at initial oil humidity 220 ppm and 700 ppm, with DOPC below and above CMC. The increase in water concentration was favored by the presence of phospholipids above CMC and, at the same time, high initial water level, which favored oxidation processes and the creation of amphiphilic autoxidation products. At relatively high water level and low amphiphilic DOPC concentration, the growth of water content does not affect the concentration of oxidation products.CONCLUSIONAmphiphilic substances play a significant role in increasing the water content of oil. Autoxidation products may reduce CMC of DOPC, but water is able to compensate for the CMC‐reducing effect of oxidation products. The presence of association colloids and initial water content play a crucial role in the oxidation process of rapeseed oil. The increase in water concentration does not cause a sufficiently large increase in the number of micelles or sufficiently significant changes in their structure to effect an increase in the level of oxidation products. The formation of micelles requires an appropriate content of both water and amphiphilic substances derived from seeds (phospholipids). © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
RAFT Synthesis of Reactive Multifunctional Triblock‐Copolymers for Polyplex Formation
Authors: Ritt Nicolas , Ayaou Amal , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractReversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization with a low‐temperature initiator can be used to synthesize multifunctional block copolymers for polyplex formation. Utilizing three methacrylate monomers (triethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate (MEO3MA), pyridyldisulfideethyl methacrylate (PDSM), N,N‐dimethylethylenediamine methacrylate (DMAEMA)) and an azide bearing chain transfer agent for polymerization, the resulting triblock‐copolymers possess two orthogonally reactive functionalities (a block with reactive disulfide side chains and an azide end‐group) and two additional functional blocks for i) solubilization and ii) polyplex formation. Thereby, the MEO3MA block provides solubility in aqueous media and the DMAEMA block, having a tertiary amine in the side chain, allows polyplex formation with polyanionic biomacromolecules like DNA or RNA. Due to the reactive disulfide block the polyplexes can be (reversibly) crosslinked with dithiols. Because of the manifold of possibilities to modify the pDNApolyplexes, this polymers system is an interesting candidate for active‐targeting and codelivery approaches.
Fast 3D Digital Light Process Printing of PVDF‐HFP Composite with Electric In Situ Poling System for Piezoelectric Applications
Authors: Song Hoseong , Li Hai , Lim Sooman 
Published: June 2021

Abstract3D printing systems are being used more and more due to the combination of energy materials, such as combinations of polyvinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐HFP) composites, that has become possible recently. However, to obtain strong piezoelectric properties, the poling step where a high voltage is applied to a part for a long period of time is indispensable due to the nature of the material. This inconvenience is the largest obstacle to widespread acceptance of this technology so, from an industrial perspective, tackling this issue is vital. In this paper, the authors build an in situ poling system suitable for PVDF‐HFP composites into a digital light processing (DLP) printing system that is able to greatly shorten poling times while improving the piezoelectric properties of the resulting materials. This approach achieves a ten times reduction in the total process time needed to produce piezoelectric films with a piezoelectric coefficient of 42 pC N−1 when compared to the typical time needed to complete a post‐poling process that gives similar piezoelectric properties. In addition, a piezoelectric device printed using the authors' approach reveals its great potential for producing large‐area flexible sensors with high sensitivity (R2 = 0.99) and excellent mechanical durability (10 000 cycles).
Ionic Conductivity Study of Ethylene Carbonate as A Plasticizer in Alginate Bio‐Based Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Faizrin Fuzlin Ahmad , Nagao Yuki , Samsudin Ahmad Salihin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this present work, the study of ionic conductivity based on bio‐based polymer electrolytes (BBPEs) containing with alginate doped glycolic acid (GA) and plasticized with ethylene carbonate (EC) is presented. The ionic conductivity of present work is determined through impedance spectroscopy over a frequency range from 50 Hz to 1 MHz. The addition of EC has improved the Cole‐Cole plot for entire samples where it revealed the combination of CPE and bulk resistant in series for their electrical equivalent circuit. It is shown that the ionic conductivity increased from 10−5 to 10−4 S cm−1 upon addition of plasticizer into BBPEs system with the optimum conductivity is obtained at 9.06  ×  10−4 S cm−1 for sample containing 6 wt.% of EC. The findings show that the present system has great potential to be used in application of polymer electrolytes system.
Cascade‐based Multimodal Biometric Recognition System with Fingerprint and Face
Authors: Tomar Peeyush , Singh Ram C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, biometrics has played a vital role in protecting users' privacy and enabling secure authentication. Multimodal security, comprised of identity cards with attached unique passwords, is used to authenticate the genuine or imposter person; however, it is not a perfect security framework. Biometric traits are unique to every individual and hence proved to be very secure. This paper proposes a hybrid approach by combining cascaded and fusion‐based multimodal biometric framework using fingerprint and face traits. The fingerprint and face features are extracted using the minutiae feature extraction algorithm and principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm. The hybrid approach is applied to a self ‐built database of around 450 fingerprints and 450 face images. The performance of the proposed hybrid system is determined using False Acceptance Rate (FAR), False Rejection Rate (FRR), Equal Error Rate (EER), and Accuracy evaluation parameters. The unimodal system of fingerprint and face at Level I and Level II yields an accuracy of 100% at a threshold value of 0.42 and 0.54, respectively. The multimodal system at Level III delivers an accuracy rate of 93.70%, 99.20%, 97.85%, and 99.50% at a threshold value of 0.75, 0.60, 0.30, and 0.60 in sum level fusion, product level fusion, min level fusion, and max level fusion schemes, respectively.
Coherence Measurement at Different Spatial Points Across High Harmonic Generation Source using Different Spatial Filter
Authors: Aziz Nor Azah Abdul , Tarmizi Emma Ziezie Mohd , Mansor Ya'akob 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA high spatial coherence of phase‐matched high harmonic generation beam is produced from 30 fs pulses of a Ti:Sapphire laser in 55 Torr argon gas. A harmonic series up to 33rd order is obtained, and a spectrometer is used to measure the source spectrum that peaks at a wavelength of 30 nm. The spatial coherence of this source across spatial position of the beam profile for different choice of spatial filters are investigated by means of Young's double slit experiment. A circular aperture is used as spatial filter with a choice of 2 mm aperture, 100 and 200 µm pinholes, which is placed before the double slit. The interference data of 20 and 50 µm slit separations are recorded, and the results show that these measurements demonstrate good fringe visibility and high spatial coherence. High coherence sources in small scale extreme‐ultraviolet/soft X‐ray radiation are useful for applications in imaging and microscopy. Hence, the evaluation of the fringe visibility is required to characterize the spatial coherence of the source before use in imaging and microscopy application.
Advanced Nanocomposites for Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater
Authors: Bhandari Hema , Garg Seema , Gaba Ritu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWater pollution is one of the major concerns around the world. Presence of inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals (i.e., Pb2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, As3+, As(V) ions, Cr(VI) ions, Co2+,Cu2+, Ag+, Ni2+, Zn2+, etc.) in water is a severe environmental and public health problem, since the accumulation of these non‐biodegradable heavy metals in human body cause severe diseases. This review systematically summarizes the application of advance nanocomposites based materials for removal of heavy metals from waste water. The review covers the following topics: role of inorganic nanomaterials, polymer based nanocomposites, chitosan based nanocomposites, carbon nanotubes/metal/metal oxide nanocomposites, nanocomposites based on inorganic fillers and graphene/graphene oxide, etc. The goal of this study is to provide the latest and advance analysis as well as references in the area of developing nanotechnology.
A Comparative Study of Fluid Flow in Hemodialyzer using Differential Transform Method
Authors: Singh Pradeep Kumar , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a series‐based method called differential transform method (DTM) is used (which is relatively simple and high accurate) for solving the differential equations in biofluid problems. Diffusion equation governed during laminar flow of blood in hemodialysis is solved under the view of this method. The problem formulation of the present paper is modeled under the situation where patients are suffering from renal diseases due to the blockage of semi‐permeable membrane in hemodialysis. The problem is modeled as a half channel model of a hemodialyzer (i.e., artificial kidney) and the wall of inner channel model is a semi‐permeable membrane in which impure blood of the body loses waste products. In other words, it is described by a diffusion equation along with boundary conditions and angular displacement. Eigenvalues is obtained after the simplification of diffusion equation with different Sharewood number, Peclet number, and angular displacement using DTM. A significant impact on the concentration of unwanted materials found in the blood is observed . The obtained results show that the angular displacement is an important parameter that may be treated as an indicator for the purity (in medical terms) of the blood. Moreover, such solutions are illustrated by tables and figures.
Miniaturization of CPW‐Fed Patch Antenna by Using Dielectric Materials for 2.4 GHz (WLAN/ISM) Applications
Authors: Singh Sandeep Kr. , Sharan Tripurari , Singh Arvind Kr. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a miniaturized rectangular CPW‐fed microstrip antenna operating at a frequency of 2.4 GHz covering the bandwidth of 1.4 to 3.1 GHz, suitable for WLAN/ISM application. In this work, the effects of different geometrical shapes and substrate materials on the performances of the antenna have been investigated to select its structural size, shape, and substrate material to achieve their overall reduction in the size of the area, and the desired performance characteristics. The choice of suitable substrate materials and its growth position about ground terminals T1 and T2 affects the performance of the CPW antenna. Appropriate selection of dielectric substrate materials such as Flame‐Retardant Epoxy (FR4), Arlon (AR 600), Aluminum Nitride (AN), and Rogers (RO TMM 10i) for proposed Type‐I, Type‐II, and Type‐III antennas, respectively, are important parameters for designing and implementing a CPW patch antenna. This work investigates the change in antenna performance when the substrate dielectric materials are varied. The achieved miniaturization in terms of area percentage is as high as 55% of a proposed Type‐II (RO TMM 10i) antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN, 2.400–2.484) or industry science and medical (ISM, 2.400–2.480) band application. A detailed study for different dielectric substrate material of different geometrical shape and size has been performed and mentioned in this paper.
Assessment of Heavy Metal in Some Commonly Used Cosmetic Product and Associated Health Risk in Nigeria: Threat to Public Health
Authors: Usman Usman Lawal , Danhauwa Saratu A. , Sajad Samreen , Banerjee Sushmita 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe desire for beautification is promoting the use of cosmetics by humans despite its potential danger due to the presence of heavy metal. The current study is carried out to examine the heavy metal content and associated health risk in fifty (n = 50) cosmetic products in Nigeria five (5) piece each of face powder, eyeliner, primer, Bio clear, Carl white, mascara, lip gloss, eye shadow, foundation, and lipstick are randomly sampled from various shops within Nigeria, and their level of toxic metals is assessed (lead, nickel, cobalt, copper, and chromium) using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. All the studied cosmetic samples contain a varying quantity of heavy metals of interest. The health risk assessment method established by the USEPA is adopted to evaluate the possible human health hazard of heavy metals in cosmetics. The overall mean concentration for Pb, Ni, Co, Cu, and Cr are 19.46 ± 0.32, 1.42 ± 0.05, 0.81 ± 0.09, 11.92 ± 0.86, and 5.98 ± 0.46 mg kg−1, respectively. The margin of safety (MoS) values obtained is greater than 100. Even though the concentration of the toxic metals in most of the cosmetic products is in trace amount but the gradual penetration of these metals into the human system may be injurious to the biological system if allowed to accumulate over time. Therefore, it is recommended that the level of toxic metals or the long term exposure to cosmetics should be reduced to minimize the health risk.
Ondine's Curse in Frontotemporal Dementia with Parkinsonism Linked to Chromosome 17 Caused by MAPT Variants
Authors: Williams Laura , Olszewska Diana A. , Fearon Conor , Magennis Brian , McCarthy Allan , Rowland Lewis P. , Mayeux Richard , Page Rory , Fahn Stanley , Beausang Alan , Lynch Tim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground“Ondine's curse” or central hypoventilation, induces an apparently spontaneous failure of automatic respiratory drive, henceforth necessitating a conscious effort to breathe and sleep induced hypoventilation. It is typically seen in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, but may be acquired.ObjectivesTo highlight Ondine's curse as part of frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP‐17) secondary to microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) variants.MethodsWe describe the clinical and neuropathological findings in two patients with fatal Ondine's curse associated with FTDP‐17 and secondary to MAPT variants (FTDP‐17t). We discuss neuroanatomical correlates. We review two prior reports of central hypoventilation associated with MAPT variants suggesting that Ondine's curse occurs uncommonly in FTDP‐17t.ResultsDespite variants affecting different regions of MAPT and a degree of heterogeneity in pathological findings, the patients reviewed all experienced central hypoventilation during their disease course.ConclusionTauopathy should be considered in patients with adult‐onset Ondine's curse.
Genetic evaluation of cardiomyopathies in Qatar identifies enrichment of pathogenic sarcomere gene variants and possible founder disease mutations in the Arabs
Authors: Al‐Shafai Kholoud N. , Al‐Hashemi Mohammed , Manickam Chidambaram , Musa Rania , Selvaraj Senthil , Syed Najeeb , Vempalli Fazulur , Ali Muneera , Yacoub Magdi , Estivill Xavier 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are serious inherited heart diseases with various causative mutations identified. The full spectrum of causative mutations remains to be discovered, especially in understudied populations.MethodsHere, we established the DOHA Registry and Biobank for cardiomyopathies in Qatar, followed by sequencing of 174 genes on 51 HCM and 53 DCM patients, and 31 relatives.ResultsIn HCM, the analysis of 25 HCM‐associated genes showed that 20% of HCM cases had putative pathogenic variants for cardiomyopathy, mainly in sarcomere genes. Additional 49% of HCM cases had variants of uncertain significance, while 31% of HCM cases had likely benign variant(s) or had no variants identified within the analyzed HCM genes. In DCM, 56 putative DCM genes were analyzed. Eight percent of DCM cases had putative pathogenic variants for DCM, in the TTN gene while 70% of cases had variants of uncertain significance, in the analyzed DCM genes, that will need further pathogenicity assessment. Moreover, 22% of DCM cases remain unexplained, by having likely benign variant(s) or having no variants detected in any of the analyzed DCM genes.ConclusionWe identified or replicated at least four recurrent variants among cardiomyopathy patients, which could be founder disease mutations in the Arabic population, including a frameshift variant (c.1371_1381dupTATCCAGTTAT) of unknown significance in the FKTN gene which seems to cause DCM in homozygosity, and HCM in heterozygosity. In vivo and/or in vitro functional validation need to be pursued in order to assess the pathogenicity of the identified variants.
Investigation of microcracking behaviors in brittle rock using polygonal grain‐based distinct method
Authors: Wang Zhao , Wang Tiehang , Wu Saisai , Hao Yanzhou 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe failure process in brittle rocks is an important topic in rock mechanics, whose good understanding assists in predicting the strength and deformation characteristics of rocks. Because it is difficult to directly observe microcracks in laboratory tests, a numerical model is a useful tool for investigating microcracking behaviors. However, the mechanism of microcrack evolution is still unclear at the grain scale considering the microscopic heterogeneities. This paper proposes a polygonal universal distinct element code grain‐based model to solve this problem. Compared with other grain‐based models, this model is different in that mineral grains are subdivided into polygon blocks. The grain size, composition, and bond types of the contacts are incorporated, and both inter‐ and intra‐grain cracks are mimicked. Subsequently, micro‐parameters of the blocks and contacts are carefully calibrated according to the laboratory results. Following this, the calibrated model is employed to study the microcracking behaviors of granite in unconfined compression, confined compression, and Brazilian splitting tests. Both the cumulative numbers and locations of microcracks in different grains are recorded, and the types of macroscopic fractures are identified. The modeling results show that tensile cracks dominate the generated microcracks in the low confined compression tests, and the macroscopic fracture pattern is axial splitting. Shear cracks are dominant in the high confined compression tests, and the macroscopic failure pattern is X‐type shear failure. The simulated results are consistent with those observed in the laboratory tests, and thus, may assist in improving rock acoustic emission monitoring and understanding the damage process of rock.
Deuterium MRSI characterizations of glucose metabolism in orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse models
Authors: Markovic Stefan , Roussel Tangi , Agemy Lilach , Sasson Keren , Preise Dina , Scherz Avigdor , Frydman Lucio 
Published: June 2021

Detecting and mapping metabolism in tissues represents a major step in detecting, characterizing, treating and understanding cancers. Recently introduced deuterium metabolic imaging techniques could offer a noninvasive route for the metabolic imaging of animals and humans, based on using 2H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to detect the uptake of deuterated glucose and the fate of its metabolic products. In this study, 2H6,6′‐glucose was administered to mice cohorts that had been orthotopically implanted with two different models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), involving PAN‐02 and KPC cell lines. As the tumors grew, 2H6,6′‐glucose was administered as bolii into the animals' tail veins, and 2H MRSI images were recorded at 15.2 T. 2D phase‐encoded chemical shift imaging experiments could detect a signal from this deuterated glucose immediately after the bolus injection for both the PDAC models, reaching a maximum in the animals' tumors ~ 20 min following administration, and nearly total decay after ~ 40 min. The main metabolic reporter of the cancers was the 2H3,3′‐lactate signal, which MRSI could detect and localize on the tumors when these were 5 mm or more in diameter. Lactate production time traces varied slightly with the animal and tumor model, but in general lactate peaked at times of 60 min or longer following injection, reaching concentrations that were ~ 10‐fold lower than those of the initial glucose injection. This 2H3,3′‐lactate signal was only visible inside the tumors. 2H‐water could also be detected as deuterated glucose's metabolic product, increasing throughout the entire time course of the experiment from its ≈10 mM natural abundance background. This water resonance could be imaged throughout the entire abdomen of the animals, including an enhanced presence in the tumor, but also in other organs like the kidney and bladder. These results suggest that deuterium MRSI may serve as a robust, minimally invasive tool for the monitoring of metabolic activity in pancreatic tumors, capable of undergoing clinical translation and supporting decisions concerning treatment strategies. Comparisons with in vivo metabolic MRI experiments that have been carried out in other animal models are presented and their differences/similarities are discussed.
Resilience personality profiles among Swedish long‐term unemployed
Authors: Granjard Alexandre , Garcia Danilo , Rosenberg Patricia , Jacobsson Christian , Cloninger Kevin M. , Cloninger Claude Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOur aim was to investigate the prevalence of resilience personality profiles in a sample of Swedish long‐term unemployed in relation to the general Swedish population. We found that only 1.50% (vs. 26% in the general population) in the long‐term unemployed sample had a resilient personality profile, that is, low in harm avoidance (e.g., relaxed and optimistic), high in persistence (e.g., hard‐working), and high in self‐directedness (i.e., goal‐oriented and resourceful).