bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When the paper tiger bites: Evidence of compliance with unenforced regulation among employers in Sweden
Authors: Cronert Axel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLittle evidence exists on whether and why organizations comply with regulations that are not monitored or enforced. To address that shortage, this study evaluates the 2007 repeal of an essentially unenforced regulation mandating private and local government employers in Sweden to post their vacancies publicly at the Public Employment Service. Exploiting the fact that central government employers were not affected, difference‐in‐differences analyses identify a substantial negative effect of the repeal on local government employers' vacancy posting propensity – with similar results for the private sector. At odds with deterrence models of regulatory compliance, these findings hint at an important role for organizational factors related to cultures and norms. Heterogeneity analyses indicate that local governments with more law‐abiding organizational culture and stronger social responsibility commitment were more prone to comply with the unenforced regulation. The results thus simultaneously point to an untapped potential and to some possible preconditions for unenforced regulatory strategies.
A transactional model of expressive control and inhibitory control across childhood
Authors: Berzenski Sara R. , Yates Tuppett M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis investigation examined cross‐lagged relations between expressive control (i.e., management of expressed affect) and inhibitory control (i.e., management of behavior) to elucidate the development of self‐regulation across affective and behavioral domains. Regulation was assessed longitudinally at ages four, six, and eight using both observational laboratory tasks and teacher reports in a diverse sample of 250 children. Both observational and teacher‐reported models produced parallel results, with consistent prospective relations between expressive control and inhibitory control. In both models, better expressive control of affect at age four predicted better inhibitory control of behavior at six whereas better inhibitory control at age six predicted better expressive control at age eight. Cross‐domain longitudinal relations controlled for the stability of prior within‐domain regulation and concurrent cross‐domain relations. The replication of these findings across laboratory and school settings provides particularly robust evidence for these effects. This study demonstrated that clarifying developmental dynamics across domains of self‐regulation may be essential to understanding the full regulatory system.
Social Innovation for Sustainability Transformation and its Diverging Development Paths in Marginalised Rural Areas
Authors: Kluvankova Tatiana , Nijnik Maria , Spacek Martin , Sarkki Simo , Perlik Manfred , Lukesch Robert , Melnykovych Mariana , Valero Diana , Brnkalakova Stanislava 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSocial innovation is perceived as a collaborative response from civic society actors to societal challenges and as such is increasingly being recognised as a driver for sustainable development. Social innovation promotes civic values, particularly in marginalised rural areas that are often struggling with biophysical and market limits, as well as shortages of public funding. In order to identify diverging development paths (DDPs) for social innovation, in this article, we use two large sets of empirical material from the SIMRA research project. First, for meta‐analyses of social innovation in diverse situations and contexts, we use 211 validated social innovation examples. Second, we rely on 11 in‐depth cases to reflect on the contexts and dimensions of social innovation. The elaboration of conceptualisation and deductive analyses result in the creation of a typology of social innovation DDPs, with four DDPs identified and explained. The article provides an improved understanding of how social innovation emerges and develops and how to capture processes and resulting changes in marginalised rural areas in order to turn such areas' diversity into strengths. An important conclusion is that social innovation involves both local and external actors, yet cannot develop without specific internal local activity and local knowledge.
Block motions and strain partition on active faults in Northeast Tibet and their geodynamic implications
Authors: Pan Zhengyang , Zhang Zhihui , Shao Zhigang , Zhao Guoqiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn updated GPS velocity field and set of focal mechanism solutions have allowed us to quantify the detailed tectonic deformation of Northeast Tibet. By employing block kinematic modelling, we show how the relative motion of modelled blocks is accommodated by deformation on major fault structures across the region, from the Eastern Kunlun Range to the Qilian Shan, with the slip rate decrease from the centre towards the east in the Kunlun, the Haiyuan and the Altyn Tagh Fault, as well as strain partitioning on these faults. The deflection of both the derived block strains and the focal stress from the west to the east also implies the strain transfer from the strike‐slip shearing to crustal shortening. Combining the different faulting regimes in each block with the distinctive distribution of the strain ratios, our results support a model of diffusive deformation associated with strain partition along tectonic boundary faults.
London 2017: Lessons learned in transfusion emergency planning
Authors: Chowdhury Fatts , Doughty Heidi , Batrick Nicola 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesHospitals prepare for emergencies, but the impact on transfusion staff is rarely discussed. We describe the transfusion response to four major incidents (MIs) during a 6‐month period. Three events were due to terrorist attacks, and the fourth was the Grenfell Tower fire. The aim of this paper was to share the practical lessons identified.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of four MIs in 2017 using patient administration systems, MI documentation and post‐incident debriefs. Blood issue, usage and adverse events during the four activation periods were identified using the Laboratory Information Management System (TelePath).ResultsThirty‐four patients were admitted (18 P1, 4 P2, 11 P3 and 1 dead). Forty‐five blood samples were received: 24 related to nine MI P1 patients. Four P1s received blood components, three with trauma and one with burns, and 35 components were issued. Total components used were six red blood cells (RBC), six fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and two cryoprecipitate pools. Early lessons identified included sample labelling errors (4/24). Errors resolved following the deployment of transfusion staff within the emergency department. Components were over‐ordered, leading to time‐expiry wastage of platelets. Careful staff management ensured continuity of transfusion services beyond the immediate response period. Debriefing sessions provided staff with support and enabled lessons to be shared.ConclusionsTransfusion teams were involved in repeated incidents. The demand for blood was minimal. Workload was related to sample handling rather than component issue. A shared situational awareness would improve stock management. A laboratory debriefing system offered valuable feedback for service improvement, staff training and support.
Behavioural interventions to address rational use of antibiotics in outpatient settings of low‐income and lower‐middle‐income countries
Authors: Nair Mohit M. , Mahajan Raman , Burza Sakib , Zeegers Maurice P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the current evidence on interventions to influence antibiotic prescribing behaviour of health professionals in outpatient settings in low‐income and lower‐middle‐income countries, an underrepresented area in the literature.MethodsThe systematic review protocol for this study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020170504). We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for studies relating to antibiotic prescribing of health professionals in outpatient settings in low‐income and lower‐middle‐income countries. Behavioural interventions were classified as persuasive, enabling, restrictive, structural or bundle (mix of different interventions). In total, 3,514 abstracts were screened and 42 studies were selected for full‐text review, with 13 studies included in the final narrative synthesis.ResultsOf the 13 included studies, five were conducted in Vietnam, two in Sudan, two in Tanzania, two in India and two in Kenya. All studies were conducted in the outpatient or ambulatory setting: eight took place in primary health centres, two in private clinics and three in pharmacies. Our review found that enabling or educational interventions alone may not be sufficient to overcome the ingrained incentives to link revenue generation to sales of antibiotics, and hence, their inappropriate prescription or misuse. Bundle interventions appear to be very effective at changing prescription behaviour among healthcare providers, including drug sellers and pharmacists.ConclusionsMulti‐faceted bundle interventions that combine regulation enforcement with face‐to‐face education and peer influence may be more effective than educational interventions alone at curbing inappropriate antibiotic use.
Spatial pattern and determinants of HIV infection among adults aged 15 to 54 years in India – Evidence from National Family Health Survey‐4 (2015‐16)
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Majella Marie Gilbert , Rajaa Sathish , Bharathi Arivarasan , Saya Ganesh Kumar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the spatial pattern and determinants of HIV infection in India.MethodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis using the National Family Health Survey‐4 data obtained from the Demographic Health Survey programme. We accounted for clustering and stratification in the sampling design using the svyset command. Spatial analysis was performed by generating the Moran’s I statistic and local indicators for spatial association (LISA) maps. Logistic regression was performed to identify the determinants of HIV infection.Results230 213 individuals were included. Prevalence of HIV infection in India was 0.24% (95% CI: 0.21%–0.28%). Being separated/widowed/divorced (aOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.22–5.40), living in an urban area (aOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.79–3.37), being resident in the North‐Eastern (aOR = 4.25, 95% CI: 2.60–6.93), Southern (aOR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.99–4.91) or Western region (aOR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.08–4.33), having a history of multiple sexual partners (aOR = 1.99, 95% CI:1.42–2.79), a suspected STI (aOR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.38–3.90) or self‐reported TB (aOR = 7.80, 95% CI: 2.52–24.05) were significantly in association with HIV infection. Moran’s I was 0.377, suggesting positive spatial autocorrelation. The LISA cluster map indicated 60 hotspot districts in India, mostly in southern states such as Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana followed by north‐eastern states such as Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura and Assam.ConclusionHIV infection among adults aged 15–54 years in India is spatially clustered with the majority occurring in southern and north‐eastern states. Hence, region‐ or district‐specific strategies with focused interventions should be adopted.
Exposure to high fructose corn syrup during adolescence in the mouse alters hepatic metabolism and the microbiome in a sex‐specific manner
Authors: Bhat Shazia F. , Pinney Sara E. , Kennedy Katherine M. , McCourt Cole R. , Mundy Miles A. , Surette Michael G. , Sloboda Deborah M. , Simmons Rebecca A. 
Published: January 2021

Key points
The prevalence of obesity and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in children is dramatically increasing at the same time as consumption of foods with a high sugar content. Intake of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a possible aetiology as it is thought to be more lipogenic than glucose.
In a mouse model, HFCS intake during adolescence increased fat mass and hepatic lipid levels in male and female mice. However, only males showed impaired glucose tolerance.
Multiple metabolites including lipids, bile acids, carbohydrates and amino acids were altered in liver in a sex‐specific manner at 6 weeks of age. Some of these changes were also present in adulthood even though HFCS exposure ended at 6 weeks.
HFCS significantly altered the gut microbiome, which was associated with changes in key microbial metabolites.
These results suggest that HFCS intake during adolescence has profound metabolic changes that are linked to changes in the microbiome and these changes are sex‐specific.
AbstractThe rapid increase in obesity, diabetes and fatty liver disease in children over the past 20 years has been linked to increased consumption of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), making it essential to determine the short‐ and long‐term effects of HFCS during this vulnerable developmental window. We hypothesized that HFCS exposure during adolescence significantly impairs hepatic metabolic signalling pathways and alters gut microbial composition, contributing to changes in energy metabolism with sex‐specific effects. C57bl/6J mice with free access to HFCS during adolescence (3–6 weeks of age) underwent glucose tolerance and body composition testing and hepatic metabolomics, gene expression and triglyceride content analysis at 6 and 30 weeks of age (n = 6–8 per sex). At 6 weeks HFCS‐exposed mice had significant increases in fat mass, glucose intolerance, hepatic triglycerides (females) and de novo lipogenesis gene expression (ACC, DGAT, FAS, ChREBP, SCD, SREBP, CPT and PPARα) with sex‐specific effects. At 30 weeks, HFCS‐exposed mice also had abnormalities in glucose tolerance (males) and fat mass (females). HFCS exposure enriched carbohydrate, amino acid, long chain fatty acid and secondary bile acid metabolism at 6 weeks with changes in secondary bile metabolism at 6 and 30 weeks. Microbiome studies performed immediately before and after HFCS exposure identified profound shifts of microbial species in male mice only. In summary, short‐term HFCS exposure during adolescence induces fatty liver, alters important metabolic pathways, some of which continue to be altered in adulthood, and changes the microbiome in a sex‐specific manner.
A physiological model of the inflammatory‐thermal‐pain‐cardiovascular interactions during an endotoxin challenge
Authors: Dobreva Atanaska , Brady‐Nicholls Renee , Larripa Kamila , Puelz Charles , Mehlsen Jesper , Olufsen Mette S. 
Published: January 2021

Key points
Inflammation in response to bacterial endotoxin challenge impacts physiological functions, including cardiovascular, thermal and pain dynamics, although the mechanisms are poorly understood.
We develop an innovative mathematical model incorporating interaction pathways between inflammation and physiological processes observed in response to an endotoxin challenge.
We calibrate the model to individual data from 20 subjects in an experimental study of the human inflammatory and physiological responses to endotoxin, and we validate the model against human data from an independent study.
Using the model to simulate patient responses to different treatment modalities reveals that a multimodal treatment combining several therapeutic strategies gives the best recovery outcome.
AbstractUncontrolled, excessive production of pro‐inflammatory mediators from immune cells and traumatized tissues can cause systemic inflammatory conditions such as sepsis, one of the ten leading causes of death in the USA, and one of the three leading causes of death in the intensive care unit. Understanding how inflammation affects physiological processes, including cardiovascular, thermal and pain dynamics, can improve a patient's chance of recovery after an inflammatory event caused by surgery or a severe infection. Although the effects of the autonomic response on the inflammatory system are well‐known, knowledge about the reverse interaction is lacking. The present study develops a mathematical model analyzing the inflammatory system's interactions with thermal, pain and cardiovascular dynamics in response to a bacterial endotoxin challenge. We calibrate the model with individual data from an experimental study of the inflammatory and physiological responses to a one‐time administration of endotoxin in 20 healthy young men and validate it against data from an independent endotoxin study. We use simulation to explore how various treatments help patients exposed to a sustained pathological input. The treatments explored include bacterial endotoxin adsorption, antipyretics and vasopressors, as well as combinations of these. Our findings suggest that the most favourable recovery outcome is achieved by a multimodal strategy, combining all three interventions to simultaneously remove endotoxin from the body and alleviate symptoms caused by the immune system as it fights the infection.
A sodium background conductance controls the spiking pattern of mouse adrenal chromaffin cells in situ
Authors: Milman Alexandre , Ventéo Stéphanie , Bossu Jean‐Louis , Fontanaud Pierre , Monteil Arnaud , Lory Philippe , Guérineau Nathalie C. 
Published: January 2021

Key points
Mouse chromaffin cells in acute adrenal slices exhibit two distinct spiking patterns, a repetitive mode and a bursting mode.
A sodium background conductance operates at rest as demonstrated by the membrane hyperpolarization evoked by a low Na+‐containing extracellular saline.
This sodium background current is insensitive to TTX, is not blocked by Cs+ ions and displays a linear I‐V relationship at potentials close to chromaffin cell resting potential. Its properties are reminiscent of those of the sodium leak channel NALCN.
In the adrenal gland, Nalcn mRNA is selectively expressed in chromaffin cells.
The study fosters our understanding of how the spiking pattern of chromaffin cells is regulated and adds a sodium background conductance to the list of players involved in the stimulus‐secretion coupling of the adrenomedullary tissue.
AbstractChromaffin cells (CCs) are the master neuroendocrine units for the secretory function of the adrenal medulla and a finely‐tuned regulation of their electrical activity is required for appropriate catecholamine secretion in response to the organismal demand. Here, we aim at deciphering how the spiking pattern of mouse CCs is regulated by the ion conductances operating near the resting membrane potential (RMP). At RMP, mouse CCs display a composite firing pattern, alternating between active periods composed of action potentials spiking with a regular or a bursting mode, and silent periods. RMP is sensitive to changes in extracellular sodium concentration, and a low Na+‐containing saline hyperpolarizes the membrane, regardless of the discharge pattern. This RMP drive reflects the contribution of a depolarizing conductance, which is (i) not blocked by tetrodotoxin or caesium, (ii) displays a linear I‐V relationship between −110 and −40 mV, and (iii) is carried by cations with a conductance sequence gNa > gK > gCs. These biophysical attributes, together with the expression of the sodium‐leak channel Nalcn transcript in CCs, state credible the contribution of NALCN. This inaugural report opens new research routes in the field of CC stimulus‐secretion coupling, and extends the inventory of tissues in which NALCN is expressed to neuroendocrine glands.
Erratum: “Analysis of the Performance of Plasma Actuators Under Low-Pressure Turbine Conditions Based on Experiments and URANS Simulations” [ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, Volume 2A: Turbomachinery, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, June 26–30, 2017, Conference Sponsors: International Gas Turbine Institute, ISBN: 978-0-7918-5078-7, Copyright © 2017 by ASME. Paper No. GT2017-64867, V02AT40A034; 15 pages; doi: 10.1115/GT2017-64867]
Authors: Martínez D. S. , Pescini E. , Marra F. , De Giorgi M. G. , Ficarella A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This erratum corrects errors that appeared in the paper “Analysis of the Performance of Plasma Actuators Under Low-Pressure Turbine Conditions Based on Experiments and URANS Simulations” which was published in Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, Volume 2A: Turbomachinery, V02AT40A034, June 2017, GT2017-64867, doi: 10.1115/GT2017-64867.
Convergent Validity of the Fitbit Charge 2 to Measure Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity in Overweight and Obese Adults
Authors: McVeigh Joanne A. , Ellis Jennifer , Ross Caitlin , Tang Kim , Wan Phoebe , Halse Rhiannon E. , Dhaliwal Satvinder Singh , Kerr Deborah A. , Straker Leon 
Published: January 2021

Activity trackers provide real-time sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) data enabling feedback to support behavior change. The validity of activity trackers in an obese population in a free-living environment is largely unknown. This study determined the convergent validity of the Fitbit Charge 2 in measuring SB and PA in overweight adults. The participants (n = 59;M ± SD: age = 48 ± 11 years; body mass index = 34 ± 4 kg/m2) concurrently wore a Charge 2 and ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer for 8 days. The same waking wear periods were analyzed, and standard cut points for GT3X+ and proprietary algorithms for the Charge 2, together with a daily step count, were used. Associations between outputs, mean difference (MD) and limits of agreement (LOA), and relative differences were assessed. There was substantial association between devices (intraclass correlation coefficients from .504, 95% confidence interval [.287, .672] for SB, to .925, 95% confidence interval [.877, .955] for step count). In comparison to the GT3X+, the Charge 2 overestimated SB (MD = 37, LOA = −129 to 204 min/day), moderate to vigorous PA (MD = 15, LOA = −49 to 79 min/day), and steps (MD = 1,813, LOA = −1,066 to 4,691 steps/day), and underestimated light PA (MD = −32, LOA = −123 to 58 min/day). The Charge 2 may be a useful tool for self-monitoring of SB and PA in an overweight population, as mostly good agreement was demonstrated with the GT3X+. However, there were mean and relative differences, and the implications of these need to be considered for overweight adult populations who are already at risk of being highly sedentary and insufficiently active.
Influence of Co and Mn substitution on magnetic properties of novel Y2FeSi Heusler alloy
Authors: Kasprzak G. , Rzacki J. 
Published: January 2021

This paper presents results of density functional theory (DFT) studies on structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of novel Y2FeSi Heusler material characterized by spin polarization at Fermi level of [Formula: see text] and magnetic moment of 1.56 [Formula: see text]. The total magnetic moment of investigated material is dominated by Iron sites, while magnetic moments coming from Yttrium sites are aligned antiparallel to the Iron. Here, we introduced Co and Mn substitutions to alter the magnetic and electronic properties of the studied material. The Heusler alloys are very sensitive to electronic structure changes induced by ionic substitutions, which allowing to specifically modulate their properties. The Co-substitution lowered the total magnetic moment to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]1.20 [Formula: see text] and Mn caused a rise to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]1.93 [Formula: see text]. Introduction of Mn resulted in [Formula: see text] spin polarization. We hope that this study will promote further theoretical as well as experimental interest in these types of compounds.