bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast Stereolithography Printing of Large‐Scale Biocompatible Hydrogel Models
Authors: Anandakrishnan Nanditha , Ye Hang , Guo Zipeng , Chen Zhaowei , Mentkowski Kyle I. , Lang Jennifer K. , Rajabian Nika , Andreadis Stelios T. , Ma Zhen , Spernyak Joseph A. , Lovell Jonathan F. , Wang Depeng , Xia Jun , Zhou Chi , Zhao Ruogang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLarge size cell‐laden hydrogel models hold great promise for tissue repair and organ transplantation, but their fabrication using 3D bioprinting is limited by the slow printing speed that can affect the part quality and the biological activity of the encapsulated cells. Here a fast hydrogel stereolithography printing (FLOAT) method is presented that allows the creation of a centimeter‐sized, multiscale solid hydrogel model within minutes. Through precisely controlling the photopolymerization condition, low suction force‐driven, high‐velocity flow of the hydrogel prepolymer is established that supports the continuous replenishment of the prepolymer solution below the curing part and the nonstop part growth. The rapid printing of centimeter‐sized hydrogel models using FLOAT is shown to significantly reduce the part deformation and cellular injury caused by the prolonged exposure to the environmental stresses in conventional 3D printing methods. Embedded vessel networks fabricated through multiscale printing allows media perfusion needed to maintain the high cellular viability and metabolic functions in the deep core of the large‐sized models. The endothelialization of this vessel network allows the establishment of barrier functions. Together, these studies demonstrate a rapid 3D hydrogel printing method and represent a first step toward the fabrication of large‐sized engineered tissue models.
Modeling Electron‐Transfer Degradation of Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Moon Yu Kyung , Jang Ho Jin , Hwang Sanju , Kang Seongsoo , Kim Sinheui , Oh Juwon , Lee Sangheon , Kim Dongho , Lee Jun Yeob , You Youngmin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe operational lifetime of organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) is governed primarily by the intrinsic degradation of the materials. Therefore, a chemical model capable of predicting the operational stability is highly important. Here, a degradation model for OLEDs that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is constructed and validated. The degradation model involves Langevin recombination of charge carriers on hosts, followed by the generation of a polaron pair through reductive electron transfer from a dopant to a host exciton as the initiation steps. The polarons undergo spontaneous decomposition, which competes with ultrafast recovery of the intact materials through charge recombination. Electrical and spectroscopic investigations provide information about the kinetics of each step in the operation and degradation of the devices, thereby enabling the building of mass balances for the key species in the emitting layers. Numerical solutions enable predictions of temporal decreases of the dopant concentration in various TADF emitting layers. The simulation results are in good agreement with experimental operational stabilities. This research disentangles the chemical processes in intrinsic electron‐transfer degradation, and provides a useful foundation for improving the longevity of OLEDs.
Insights into Excimer Formation Factors from Detailed Structural and Photophysical Studies in the Solid‐State
Authors: Schillmöller Timo , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSolid‐state luminescent materials are essential for the development of optoelectronic devices like lasers, sensors, and organic light‐emitting diodes. Organic molecules reveal several benefits like stability, costs, and environmental compatibility compared to metal‐based materials. As common organic fluorophores often suffer from aggregation‐caused quenching, different strategies have been established to overcome this quenching, which are mainly based on intramolecular modifications. Controlling the photophysical properties via intermolecular interactions is more challenging and less investigated. The formation of excited dimers (excimers) bears great potential for obtaining efficient solid‐state luminescent materials. As the excimer‐formation process is strongly dependent on the non‐covalent interactions, a full understanding of the structure–property relationship is essential. In this study, structurally simple thiophosphoranyl anthracene excimers and the dependency of the photophysical properties on the solid‐state arrangement are investigated. Through crystallization of polymorphs and co‐crystals, the resulting intermolecular interactions have been modulated over a broad range. Novel insights into the excimer formation factors and the dependence of the photophysical properties on the intermolecular interactions are obtained. This study will help in the development and controlling the photophysical properties of solid‐state luminescent materials.
Angle‐, Polarization‐, and Wavelength‐Resolved Light Scattering of Single Mie Resonators Using Fourier‐Plane Spectroscopy
Authors: Hinamoto Tatsuki , Hamada Mikihiko , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Fujii Minoru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInterference between multipole modes of Mie resonance provides the possibility to tailor a radiation pattern of a subwavelength optical resonator. Unidirectional scattering arising from constructive and destructive interferences between electric and magnetic dipolar modes in a nanoantenna allows to design a variety of metasurfaces. However, experimental determination of radiation patterns of an individual nanoobject and the decomposition into multipoles have not been performed under plane wave illumination due to the inability of angular analysis in a conventional optical microscope. To this end, an angle‐, polarization‐, and wavelength‐resolved microscopy setup is developed in this work to measure radiation patterns of an individual nanoobject. A single spherical silicon nanosphere is employed as an ideal Mie resonator and the angle‐ and polarization‐resolved scattering is measured in the angular range from 30° to 150° against the incident angle. It is shown that Mie scattering from the electric and magnetic dipoles of a single silicon nanosphere is selectively measured in the setup.
Emerging Technologies for Green Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Zhang Qian , Suresh Lakshmi , Liang Qijie , Zhang Yaoxin , Yang Lin , Paul Nikita , Tan Swee Ching 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe biggest concern of the decade is to find a way to power the future in the most ecofriendly and green manner, owing to current energy crisis and environmental pollution. A major side effect of conventional technological advancements is the inability to naturally digest and decompose the substances human society has created. This review summarizes green energy conversion and storage devices with a particular focus on recent advancements in emerging technologies. Technical innovations in energy‐related materials, device structures, and new applications are discussed. Furthermore, hybrid energy and self‐charging power systems are discussed in conjunction with recent and future research directions. The multifunctional applications of these energy systems are also emphasized. It is expected that this review will provide a platform to understand the current landmarks and promote further research to broaden the utility of energy devices.
Comprehensive Analyses of Aqueous Zn Metal Batteries: Characterization Methods, Simulations, and Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Zhang Long , Hou Yanglong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) are regarded as competitive candidates for next‐generation energy storage owing to their low cost, high performance, high safety, and high environmental friendliness. However, serious issues, including Zn dendrites, chemical corrosion, H2 evolution, and sluggish Zn2+ diffusion kinetics, have largely impeded the commercial application of AZMBs. To understand these issues in depth and identify countermeasures, comprehensive analyses of AZMBs have continuously been developed. In this review, a detailed overview of the analytical techniques used to study AZMBs, including characterization methods, simulations, and theoretical calculations is presented, which provides a comprehensive toolbox for further research. Conventional characterization methods that provide preliminary information are first summarized. Various in situ techniques, including visualization and spectral characterization, are then discussed. These advanced real‐time monitoring techniques contribute to a deeper understanding of the battery failure mechanism. Simulations and theoretical calculations are then presented in detail, enabling an in‐depth investigation of the mechanism at the atomic level. Theoretical analyses can not only explore the mechanism in more detail, but also play a key role in guiding research and predicting future directions. Finally, the challenges and perspective of comprehensive analyses of AZMBs are discussed.
The space to heal heroin addiction: The psychoanalytic case for harm reduction
Authors: Mosdell Cassia , Mongiello Matthew 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHarm reduction approaches to heroin addiction treatment are safe and effective, particularly those using medication‐assisted therapy, yet they remain underutilized in the drug treatment field. This paper posits the need for a psychoanalytic formulation of harm reduction. It draws on object relations theory, to illustrate the ways in which harm reduction, as a philosophy and as a practice, maps onto the particular developmental and attachment themes of addiction. It explores heroin addiction and harm reduction at the intersection of the psyche and the social and calls upon psychoanalysis to challenge oppressive systems in the lives of heroin users.
Near‐horizon structure of escape zones of electrically charged particles around weakly magnetized rotating black hole: Case of oblique magnetosphere
Authors: Karas Vladimír , Kopáček Ondřej 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study the effects of large‐scale magnetic fields on the dynamics of charged particles near a rotating black hole. We consider a scenario in which the initially neutral particles on geodesic orbits in the equatorial plane become ionized, and hence they are destabilized by the charging process. Fraction of charged particles are then accelerated out of the equatorial plane and then follow jet‐like trajectories with relativistic velocities. We explore nonaxisymmetric systems in which the magnetic field is inclined with respect to the black hole spin. We study the system numerically in order to locate the zones of escaping trajectories and compute the terminal escape velocity. By breaking the axial symmetry, we notice increasing fraction of unbound orbits which allow for acceleration to ultrarelativistic velocities.
Causes of neonatal and postneonatal death among infants with birth defects in Texas
Authors: Benjamin Renata H. , Salemi Jason L. , Canfield Mark A. , Nembhard Wendy N. , Ganduglia Cazaban Cecilia , Tsao KuoJen , Johnson Anthony , Agopian A. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe proportion of deaths attributed to various causes has not been quantified among infants with birth defects. We sought to describe the causes of neonatal and postneonatal death among infants in the Texas Birth Defects Registry.MethodsWe calculated frequencies and percentages for both underlying causes and all causes (underlying or contributing) of neonatal (0–27 days) and postneonatal (28–364 days) death listed on death certificates among infants born alive with birth defects and delivered in Texas during 1999–2013 (n = 8,389 deaths). Analyses were repeated separately for infants with isolated, multiple, and syndromic defects.ResultsAfter birth defects, the most frequently listed causes of neonatal death were preterm/low birth weight (10%), circulatory system diseases (8%), and sepsis (5%). The leading postneonatal causes of death beyond birth defects were circulatory system diseases (32%), sepsis (11%), and renal failure (7%).ConclusionsImproved understanding of the causes of mortality among infants with birth defects may help identify priorities for postnatal care. Our results suggest that potentially modifiable causes of death (e.g., circulatory system diseases, sepsis) contribute substantially to mortality in this population. Prioritizing continued improvements in prevention, diagnosis, and management of preventable conditions may reduce mortality among infants born with birth defects.
Isolated taste disorders in patients referred to a flavor clinic with taste and smell loss
Authors: Stankevice Dovile , Fjaeldstad Alexander Wieck , Ovesen Therese 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimApproximately five percent of the general population are suffering from taste disorders. Usually, subjective loss of taste is caused by smell disorders; thus, isolated loss of the sense of taste is relatively rare. Despite the influence on quality of life, isolated taste disorders (ITD) are sparsely represented in literature and clinical research. In particular, there is need for sufficient diagnostic and treatment algorithms. Aim of study is to add further information to the sparse literature on ITD and suggest an appropriate diagnostic algorithm for ITD.MethodsWe present a retrospective study on patients with ITD diagnosed at the Flavour clinic, ENT department, Regional Hospital West Jutland, between 2017 and 2020. All patients underwent a thorough rhinolaryngological and otoneurologic examination, including olfactory and gustatory assessment, and a wide spectrum of biochemical, microbiological, and radiological examinations.ResultsIn total, 522 patients referred due to smell and/or taste disorders, 423 (81%) complained of a subjective taste disorder, only 19 (3.4%) patients were diagnosed with ITD. According to etiology, the patients were categorized in following groups: medicine‐related (25%), mixed (21%), iatrogenic (21%), idiopathic (11%), radiotherapy‐related (11%), and autoimmune/inflammatory (11%). Based on etiology, individualized treatment was recommended with very discouraging results.InterpretationDiagnostics of taste disorders is a delicate and expertise demanding task. The mechanisms underlying isolated loss of taste are heterogeneous. ENT and otoneurologic examination, and specific olfactory and gustatory testing are required in all patients, whereas biochemical, microbiological, and radiological examinations are only necessary on an individual basis.
Inspiring employees' ecological behaviors: The roles of corporate environmental strategy, biospheric values, and eco‐centric leadership
Authors: Uddin Md. Aftab , Biswas Shetu Ranjan , Bhattacharjee Swadip , Dey Mouri , Mahmood Monowar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe consequences of environmental degradation have steered organizations to promote pro‐ecological behaviors among their employees, and achieving this effectively is paramount for business and environmental sustainability. Applying a multilevel integrated approach, this study investigates the impact of corporate environmental strategy, biospheric values, and eco‐centric leadership on employees' ecological behaviors. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 289 employees from a cross section of industries in Bangladesh. The findings reveal the significant influences of environmental strategy and biospheric values on employees' ecological behaviors as well as the moderating role of eco‐centric leadership. The study also provides some significant insights for formulating environmental strategy and inspiring employees' ecological behaviors in organizational contexts. Theoretical and managerial implications as well as future research directions have also been provided.
Polymorphic variants INSIG2 rs6726538, HLA‐DRB1 rs9272143, and GCNT1P5 rs7780883 contribute to the susceptibility of cervical cancer in the Bangladeshi women
Authors: Hasan Md. Emtiaz , Matin Maliha , Haque Md. Enamul , Aziz Md. Abdul , Millat Md. Shalahuddin , Uddin Mohammad Sarowar , Moghal Md. Mizanur Rahman , Islam Mohammad Safiqul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveCervical cancer is a gynecological health problem, affecting nearly 500,000 women each year worldwide. Genome‐wide association studies have revealed multiple susceptible genes and their polymorphisms for cervical carcinoma risk. We have carried out this case‐control study to investigate the association of INSIG2 rs6726538 (A; T), HLA‐DRB1 rs9272143 (T; C), and GCNT1P5 rs7780883 (G; A) with cervical cancer.MethodsThe present study recruited 234 cervical cancer patients as cases and 212 healthy females as controls. We have applied the tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (T‐ARMS‐PCR) method for genotyping.ResultsThe SNP rs6726538 was significantly associated with increased risk of cervical cancer in all genetic models (AT vs. AA: OR = 3.30, 95% CI = 2.19–4.97, p < 0.0001; TT vs. AA: OR = 8.72, 95% CI = 3.87–19.7, p < 0.0001; AT+TT vs. AA: OR = 3.87, 95% CI = 2.61–5.73, p < 0.0001; T vs. A: OR = 2.97, 95% CI = 2.20–4.01, p < 0.0001) except the recessive model which showed a significantly reduced risk (TT vs. AA+AT: OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.09–0.44, p = 0.0001). rs9272143 showed significantly reduced risk for the additive model 1, dominant model, and allelic model (TC vs. TT: OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.31–0.70, p = 0.0004; TC+CC vs. TT: OR = 0.47 95% CI = 0.32–0.70, p = 0.0002; C vs. T: OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.40–0.78, p = 0.0006, respectively). The third variant, rs7780883, was significantly associated with increased risk in additive model 2, dominant, and allelic models (AA vs. GG: OR = 5.08, 95% CI = 2.45–10.5, p < 0.0001; GA+AA vs. GG: OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.06–2.24, p = 0.0237; A vs. G: OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.34–2.52, p < 0.0001, consecutively), whereas recessive model reduced the risk of cervical cancer (AA vs. GG+GA: OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.09–0.41, p < 0.0001). Other models of these SNPs were not associated with cervical cancer. All significant associations for three SNPs withstand after Bonferroni correction except the additive model 2 of rs7780883.ConclusionOur study concludes that INSIG2 rs6726538, HLA‐DRB1 rs9272143, and GCNT1P5 rs7780883 polymorphisms may contribute to the development of cervical cancer in the Bangladeshi population.
Testing Graphical Causal Models Using the R Package “dagitty”
Authors: Ankan Ankur , Wortel Inge M. N. , Textor Johannes 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCausal diagrams such as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are used in several scientific fields to help design and analyze studies that aim to infer causal effects from observational data; for example, DAGs can help identify suitable strategies to reduce confounding bias. However, DAGs can be difficult to design, and the validity of any DAG‐derived strategy hinges on the validity of the postulated DAG itself. Researchers should therefore check whether the assumptions encoded in the DAG are consistent with the data before proceeding with the analysis. Here, we explain how the R package ‘dagitty’, based on the web tool dagitty.net, can be used to test the statistical implications of the assumptions encoded in a given DAG. We hope that this will help researchers discover model specification errors, avoid erroneous conclusions, and build better models. © 2021 The Authors.This article was corrected on 19 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Constructing and importing DAG models from the dagitty web interfaceSupport Protocol 1: Installing R, RStudio, and the dagitty packageBasic Protocol 2: Testing DAGs against categorical dataBasic Protocol 3: Testing DAGs against continuous dataSupport Protocol 2: Testing DAGs against continuous data with non‐linearitiesBasic Protocol 4: Testing DAGs against a combination of categorical and continuous data
A novel mutation in the cathepsin C (CTSC)gene in Iranian family withPapillon‐Lefevresyndrome
Authors: Ghanei Mahmoud , Abbaszadegan Mohammad R. , Forghanifard Mohammad M. , Aarabi Azadeh , Arab Hamidreza 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, we analyzed the whole exomes of CTSC gene in a family with history of PLS.Materials and methodsGenomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and genotype analysis was performed. The mutated protein sequence was used to find the best possible tertiary structure for homology modeling. The homology modeling of the novel mutation was then performed using the online Swiss‐Prot server. The results were also analyzed for to verify its validity.ResultsThe analysis of CTSC gene elucidated a novel insertion GAC. The novel mutation was proved by analyzing 50 healthy control volunteers. Modeling of the novel found mutation in CTSC gene revealed structural defects that may have caused the functional abnormalities.ConclusionsThe structural analysis of the mutated protein model identifies changes in the stereo‐chemical and the energy level of the mutated protein. Since this protein play a role in the activation of granule serine proteases from cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, mast cells, such structural defects may lead to its malfunction causing dysfunctioning of immune defense mechanisms.
Managing ecosystems in a sea of uncertainty: invasive species management and assisted colonizations
Authors: Rendall Anthony R. , Sutherland Duncan R. , Baker Christopher M. , Raymond Ben , Cooke Raylene , White John G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractManaging ecosystems in the face of complex species interactions, and the associated uncertainty, presents a considerable ecological challenge. Altering those interactions via actions such as invasive species management or conservation translocations can result in unintended consequences, supporting the need to be able to make more informed decisions in the face of this uncertainty. We demonstrate the utility of ecosystem models to reduce uncertainty and inform future ecosystem management. We use Phillip Island, Australia, as a case study to investigate the impacts of two invasive species management options and consider whether a critically endangered mammal is likely to establish a population in the presence of invasive species. Qualitative models are used to determine the effects of apex predator removal (feral cats) and invasive prey removal (rabbits, rats, and mice). We extend this approach using Ensemble Ecosystem Models to consider how suppression, rather than eradication influences the species community; and consider whether an introduction of the critically endangered eastern barred bandicoot is likely to be successful in the presence of invasive species. Our analysis revealed the potential for unintended outcomes associated with feral cat control operations, with rats and rabbits expected to increase in abundance. A strategy based on managing prey species appeared to have the most ecosystem‐wide benefits, with rodent control showing more favorable responses than a rabbit control strategy. Eastern barred bandicoots were predicted to persist under all feral cat control levels (including no control). Managing ecosystems is a complex and imprecise process. However, qualitative modeling and ensemble ecosystem modeling address uncertainty and are capable of improving and optimizing management practices. Our analysis shows that the best conservation outcomes may not always be associated with the top‐down control of apex predators, and land managers should think more broadly in relation to managing bottom‐up processes as well. Challenges faced in continuing to conserve biodiversity mean new, bolder, conservation actions are needed. We suggest that endangered species are capable of surviving in the presence of feral cats, potentially opening the door for more conservation translocations.