bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and oceanography characteristic of light fishing in the Java Sea
Authors: Syah A F , Abdillah A F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Light fishing location obtained from visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (viirs) boat detection (VBD) and satellite-based oceanographic data of chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a), sea-surface temperature (SST), salinity, and sea-surface height (SSH) were used to evaluate the distribution and characteristic of oceanographic conditions on the light fishing location in the Java Sea. The objectives of this study were to monitor the distribution of light fishing vessels from VBD and to evaluate the oceanographic characteristic on light fishing position. VBD data were prepared by national oceanic and atmospheric administration website and oceanographic data was provided by ocean color and copernicus marine environment monitoring service website. Overlaid process between light fishing position and oceanographic data was used to extract the oceanographic value in the light fishing location. The result showed most of light fishing occurred during southeast monsoon. In general, most of light fishing appeared in position of 107 - 114 °E and 4 - 5.30 °S. In addition, light fishing located in oceanographic condition for SST of 28.1 - 31.1 °C, chl-a of 0.26 - 0.60 mg/m3, salinity of 32 - 35.5 psu and SSH of 0. 5 - 0.62 m. The VBD data opens up a number of potential future applications for more computable fisheries data analysis.
Heavy metal content in the leaves of Crassocephalum crepidioides due to the application of various types of manure
Authors: Lestari M W 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In Indonesia, vegetable farmers use manure to increase production. In fact, one of the sources of heavy metal pollution on agricultural land is the use of manure. This study, therefore, aims to determine the content of heavy metals in the leaves of Crassocephalum crepidioides, due to fertilization, involving the use of several types of manure. Furthermore, it is possible to apply the results in the establishment of dose limiting policies for vegetable crops, in an attempt to prevent dangers to the consumer. The tested sources consisted of chicken, goat, and cow manure, as well as a control (without manure), and each was applied at a dose of 20 tons/Ha. Meanwhile, the third leaf of the upper part of the plant was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), to determine Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd. The results showed the leaves of Crassocephalum crepidioides fertilized with 20 tons/Ha of chicken manure, goat manure and cattle manure had low heavy metal (below the set threshold of 50, 100-400, and 5-30 ppm for Pb, Zn and Cd, respectively). However, at a dose of 20 tons/Ha, the leaves pastored with goat and cow manure had a high content of Cu (209.78 and 530.90 ppm) than control and chicken manure (67,92 and 92,68 ppm), which are higher than the established threshold. Meanwhile, those fertilized with chicken compost, had better area and plant height value, compared to the goat and cow sources.
Land conversion from coffee to citrus and changes of farmers livelihood strategies (case in Pal 7 village, Bermani Ulu Raya subdistrict, Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu)
Authors: Ishak A , Astuti H B , Yuliasari S , Wulandari W A , Calista I , Miswarti  , Sastro Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The development of agricultural commodity in rural areas has changes farmers’ livelihood strategies. This study aims to analyse the process of coffee to citrus conversion in Pal 7 village and changes in the farmers’ livelihood strategies that accompany it. The study was conducted in April to June 2019 through a survey of 116 citrus farmers. The data collected is emphasised on the process of developing citrus areas, conversion from coffee to citrus, and farmers’ livelihood strategies. Interviews were also conducted with key informants to confirm and deepen the results of the survey. Data were analysed descriptively. The results showed that the development of the citrus area in Pal 7 occurred since 2014 which was driven by the existence of pioneering farmers as movers, the motivation of farmers to plant citrus, credit facilities from the bank, and seed assistance from the government. Farmers’ high motivation caused them to convert coffee into citrus plantations through three patterns, namely insert, gradually, and direct cutting caused by economic considerations. The development of citrus areas causes changes in farmers’ livelihood strategies. As many as 35.34% of farmers changed their main source of income, mainly from coffee farming and artisan/worker to citrus farming.
Predicting the sweetness level of avomango (Gadung Klonal 21) using multi-predictor local polynomial regression
Authors: Ulya M , Chamidah N , Saifudin T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
One of the mango’s maturity aspects is the sweetness of the fruits. Mature Avomango has a high degree of sweetness, characterized by a high total soluble solids (TSS) content. Currently, many non-destructive tests are using Near Infra-Red (NIR) spectroscopy to find out the TSS content. NIR spectroscopy generates spectra data, which can be used as predictors to predict Avomangos sweetness level. This study aims to predict the level of Avomangos sweetness by using a multi-predictor local polynomial regression approach and compare it with multiple polynomial regression. In this study, we use 120 samples of Avomango divided into two parts, 100 as training data and 20 as testing data. The multi-predictor local polynomial regression has better performance with the value mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 8.554% that categorized as a highly accurate prediction for predicting Avomangos sweetness level.
Quality control of cardboard using MEWMA and MEWMV control chart (case study in PT. Y Kediri Indonesia)
Authors: Ihwah A , Sucipto  , Ekatama B R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cardboard is one type of paper that has a grammatic value above 200 g/m2. Controlling the quality of competing products is important to improve product competitiveness. The purpose of this study was to analyze carboard quality and provide improvements at PT. Y Kediri East Java. The research methods used were MEWMA (Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) and MEWMV (Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Variance). The data used were nine variables of quality of cardboard, that were grammage, thickness, pull resistance, PS surface smoothness, BS surface smoothness, print surface smoothness, oil print, PS color, and BS color, with a time span between 2016 and 2018. Data were taken for ICB 230, ICB 210, WHI 230 and ICB 250 type of cardboard. From the MEWMV control chart, the types of ICB 230, ICB 210, WHI 230, and ICB 250 successively have out-of-control points of 19, 10, 6, and 5, while in the MEWMA control, types of ICB 230, ICB 230, ICB 210, WHI 230, and ICB 250 respectively have out of control points of 13, 9, 9, and 6. The main causes of product defects were repeated machine configurations and uneven spraying of pulp, and dew dripping over the production machine. In addition, other causes were adhesives and coating materials which were too thick/runny, and materials which were not suitable for production enter the process. Some suggestions for improvement that can be done are placing filters at the entrance of the coating material, and adjusting the temperature of the production machine’s environment.
Growth, yield and radiation energy conversion of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) lam.) plant under different stake angles and various mulch type in the Papua highlands
Authors: Soplanit A , Rumbarar M K , Suminarti N E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to obtain the right type of reflector in sweet potato plant cultivation combined with a stake technique to increase the efficient use of solar radiation energy and plant productivity. The experiment was arranged in a Split Plot Design with three replications. The main plot consisted of Cangkuang variety with 90° stake and Cangkuang variety with 60° stake. The subplots consisted of without mulch, straw mulch, white sand mulch, clear plastic mulch and silver black plastic mulch. The results show that the total dry weight continues to increase but then slows down when the crop growth rate decreases especially at the tuber development phase. The total dry weight at the silver black plastic mulch treatment with a 60° stake angle increased by 70.13% at the age of 70 to 100 days after planting and only increased by 17.50 % at the age of 100 to 130 days after planting. The conversion efficiency of radiation energy increases for all mulch uses as a reflector, especially for 60° stake angles of 32.03% at the highest tuber yields 34.15 t/ha while for 90° stake angles of 27.35% at the highest tuber yields 29.72 t/ha. The highest energy conversion efficiency value was obtained in the combination of black and silver mulch with a 60° stake angle at 2.81%.
Analysis of power requirement of a prototype four-wheeled electric vehicle under different off-road conditions
Authors: Ali M , Chowdhury M , Islam M N , Rasool K , Lee H S , Chung S O 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Different types of vehicles are used for various agricultural activities. Most agricultural vehicles have high power, which makes them inconvenient for elderly and female farmers in difficult farm conditions, such as irregular, inclined, and low-traction terrains. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the power requirement of a four-wheeled electric vehicle (4WEV) on various off-road conditions. In this study, the experiments were conducted on typical Korean farm roads by considering different slope, load, and road conditions as factors for the power requirement analysis. The torque data were obtained for 0°, 5°, 10°, and 15° slopes with 100, 300, and 500 kg payloads. The rotational speed of the wheel was constant at 50, 60, or 70 rpm for each slope and payload condition on concrete and asphalt roads. The average power required by the 4WEV was recorded to be 0.84 ± 0.025 kW and 0.85 ± 0.087 kW with 500 kg payload on 15° inclined concrete and asphalt roads, respectively. Similarly, the minimum power recorded was 0.29 ± 0.023 kW and 0.31 ± 0.069 kW with 500 kg payload at 70 rpm wheel speed on completely horizontal concrete and asphalt roads, respectively. The 60 and 50 rpm speeds showed the maximum and minimum power at 15° and 0° slopes, respectively, during the experiment. However, the maximum power requirement varies with the load condition and wheel speed under different off-road conditions. The developed 4WEV could satisfactorily scale 15° slopes with 500 kg payloads without any difficulty.
Stability and vibration analysis of a tractor-mounted Chinese cabbage collector
Authors: Jang B E , Chowdhury M , Ali M , Islam M N , Swe K M , Jung D U , Lee S H , Chung S O 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Korean farms for dryland crops are usually disordered and uneven. Thus, 43.4% of major farm machinery accidents occur due to instability and sharp turning conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the stability of a tractor-mounted Chinese cabbage collector using a simulation program and validate it via experiments. In the static condition, the ground slope angle was increased by 1° to obtain the overturning angle. In the dynamic condition, 10 cm high rigid obstacles were located to investigate the stability of the equipment with an approach angle of 135°. The simulation was conducted at four tractor forward speeds (0.15 m/s, 0.20 m/s, 0.25 m/s and 0.30 m/s). Additionally, the motion trajectory of the front wheel and rear axle were predicted for loaded and unloaded conditions. Furthermore, vibration sensors were placed at four locations to determine the vibration level of the Chinese cabbage collector, and the load condition and conveyor speed were considered the factors affecting the vibration level. The static overturning simulation suggested that the collector could reach critical angles of 45.6° and 33.2° and overturn at 52° and 36.1° on the right and left sides, respectively. In dynamic stability analysis, it was observed that the center of gravity could change and separate from the ground when the forward speed was more than 0.30 m/s. Apart from the first point, the maximum vibration level exceeded 1.15 m/s2 at the remaining three points. Furthermore, the vibration level increased with an increase in the speed of the conveyor.
Stress and fatigue analysis of the hydraulic motor shaft and conveyor joints of a tractor-mounted Chinese cabbage collector
Authors: Swe K M , Islam M N , Jang B E , Chowdhury M , Lee S H , Jung D U , Chung S O 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Deflection and fatigue damage in a tractor-mounted Chinese cabbage collector might occur due to continuous operation. Therefore, the objective of this study is to predict the service life of the material used for the hydraulic motor shaft and conveyor joints based on stress and fatigue analysis. The torque produced by the motor was measured using the torque sensor for various tractor forward speeds and rotational speeds under unloaded and loaded conditions with three iterations. The relevant shear stress with the S – N curve on fatigue life was determined using the Smith – Watson – Topper equation and rain flow cycle counting method. Additionally, the severity level was investigated using Miner’s rule. Design variables of the shaft diameter and conveyor’s joints were incrementally increased by 0.02 m. The experimental results of deflection and shear stress of the components were found to be negligible. The result of fatigue lifecycles was also generated over 107. The maximum severity level of the motor shaft, conveyor joints 1 and 2 were 4.27 and 4.48, 4.26 and 5.58, and 4.12 and 4.46, respectively under unloaded and loaded conditions. When the values of design variable components were increased incrementally, shear stress and deflection decreased gradually but the fatigue life increased. Nevertheless, the results indicated that this machine could be safely used in the field.
Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction for non-destructive plant growth observation system using close-range photogrammetry method
Authors: Arief M A A , Nugroho A P , Putro A W , Dananta D H , Masithoh R E , Sutiarso L , Okayasu T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Agriculture in Indonesia has recently experienced challenges, especially in terms of meeting market demand that tends to increase. Precision agriculture is an effort to increase productivity through optimizing agricultural production processes by minimizing inputs, maximizing output, and reducing the impact on the environment through the use of information and communication technology. Implementation of the concept of precision agriculture is in observing plant growth and development to estimates of plant volume and mass. So far, conventional plant measurements by direct measurement can pose destructive risks to plants. Therefore, a non-destructive system for observing and measuring plants is needed. The purpose of this study was to develop a plant growth observation system based on three-dimensional modelling with non-destructive measurements using the Close-Range Photogrammetry (CRP) method. This system has a 360 orbital scanner component that consists of a frame, camera arm, NEMA 17 stepper motor, Logitech C270 web-camera, Raspberry Pi 3 B +, Adafruit motor driver, and LED strip lights. The stage of image processing using 3DF Zephyr Pro software for generating the 3D sparse point cloud and cropping the unused point. For the validation purposes and its functionality for modelling and estimating volumetric objects, a plant model with three sizes (small, medium, and large) variations were used. As the result, the developed system could observe and model the plant shape in a three-dimensional manner resemble the actual plant model.
Identification of product and design characteristics of eucalyptus herbal tea bags
Authors: Mu’tamar M F F , Fakhry M , Ulya M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Eucalyptus leaves can also be used as herbal drinks to alleviate colds and coughs, in addition to being used as raw material for Eucalyptus oil. The leaves of Eucalyptus contain active compounds that can function as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral. One of the practical and easy to develop herbal drink items is herbal tea in a dye bag. This study aims to identify the characteristics of Eucalyptus tea products that meet customer requirements and to identify design characteristics that are critical to the development of Eucalyptus tea products. The method used in this research is the Quality Function Deployment (QFD). The results showed that product characteristics of Eucalyptus tea were efficacious, not too strong aromas, nice colors, quick brewing time, good taste, not too spicy, quality price, proper instructions, safe, halal, and long shelf life. Three critical design characteristics are defined, namely the type of supporting herbal materials from leaves or stem, and the best proportion of supporting herbal materials and Eucalyptus leaves that meets customer requirements.
Application of Craig Harris and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process methods to improve chicken farming productivity at Jimny’s farm
Authors: Kurniawan M , Wijana S , Wilinda E O 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chicken farming, as part of the agricultural sector, is developing in Indonesia, leading to a high level of competition. Jimny’s farm is one of the poultry farms that manage the breeding, hatching and raising of chickens. The problem faced by these farms is the absence of productivity measurements that result in a lack of competitiveness of farms. This study aims to measure the level of productivity of farms using the Craig Harris method, analysing the causes of decreasing productivity using the Fishbone diagram and proposing increased productivity using the Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on productivity measurements using the Craig Harris method, the lowest total productivity value was obtained in May 2019 with a value of 0.66. That is due to an increase in feed purchases and energy consumption. Meanwhile, the highest total productivity value was found in March 2019 with a value of 1.22 due to the high level of market demand. The fishbone diagram analyses problems in labour factors and energy utilisation as the leading causes of decreasing productivity. Meanwhile, the proposed improvement using fuzzy AHP that can be applied is to make energy-efficient movements, periodic control, counselling, and modification of the incubator.
Bill of material analysis framework of food menu to increase raw material inventory efficiency and halal food inspection of culinary business
Authors: Kamal M A , Effendi F D , Utomo M R , Sucipto S , Santoso I , Effendi U 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Food and culinary business are growing, especially the variety of consumer demand. Business owners need to continue to develop various food menus to suit consumer needs. Various types of raw materials and food additives are used to produce foods with the best flavour. On the other hand, culinary business owners are required to be able to be adaptive to meet the needs of consumers efficiently and meet the requirements of food safety and halal. The material analysis problem is the complexity of the food menu, and it requires a lot of effort and time to analyse its constituent materials. Therefore, manual checking is not efficient, especially if it had to track the halal and legal information on raw material and food additives. One way to improve the efficiency of raw material uses and identify halal food is to use a bill of material analysis. Through this analysis, business owners can specify raw materials and food additives while recognising the halal nature of the ingredients used. The use of the bill of materials is expected to facilitate menu breakdown and to track the halal of raw materials and additional ingredients. This study aims to analyse food menus in culinary businesses and build a framework of the bill of material standards that can later be used and applied to culinary businesses. This study uses a system analysis and design approach where there is a requirement identification analysis stage as the basis for a framework for developing a bill of materials information system.
Managing quality risk in a frozen shrimp distribution process
Authors: Citraresmi A D P , Arum V S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Shrimp is a leading commodity of Indonesian fishery exports. Fresh shrimp is a perishable product due to the activity of certain enzymes contained in the body, the activity of bacteria and other microorganisms or because of the process of fat oxidation by air. It causes the shelf life of fresh shrimp can only last less than 24 hours at room temperature. One option in increasing shelf life is in the form of frozen shrimp. Company X is one of the exporters of frozen shrimp. In distributing its product, Company X faces several risks that can cause product damage. The purpose of this study is to identify potential risks in the distribution process of frozen shrimp in order to obtain a priority risk level. The steps taken in risk analysis are activity mapping, risk identification, risk analysis by using the Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) method, and the development of mitigation strategies. Based on the results of the risk analysis, five risks were identified and the highest risk is the risk of improper container temperature, which has an impact on product damage. Therefore, Company X needs to carry out regular checks during the distribution of frozen shrimp products and conduct maintenance of the cooling machine at the time the container is to be used so that the marketed products are maintained.
Malang coffee value chain analysis: A case study of Taji arabica coffee
Authors: Effendi M , Sitorus A , Astuti R , Santoso I 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTaji is a coffee-producing area in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the coffee value chain produced by Taji villages that are distributed to cafes in Malang City. The study was conducted in Taji Village, Malang Regency and Angkot Café, Malang City. Value chain analysis is performed using the Hayami method. This study obtained actors, volume, and value mapping of Taji coffee. There are four main actors involved in the Taji arabica coffee value chain: the farmers, the collector, the first-stage processor, and the second-stage processor. The mapping of the value offered for every kilogram output received by farmers is IDR 7,000, the collector is IDR 10,000, the first stage processor is IDR 90,000, and the second-stage processor is IDR 220,000. The second-stage processor obtained the highest margin with the amount of IDR 99,239. All actors receive satisfactory margins.
Formulation and characterization of instant baby complementary food from red sorghum flour (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) and papaya puree (Carica papaya Linn.)
Authors: Surahman D N , Cahyadi W , Fernanda T M , Rahman T , Sazali A M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to obtain the best formulation and conduct physicochemical, organoleptic and microbiological testing of instant baby complementary food products based on red sorghum flour and papaya. The preliminary research was conducted to determine the upper and lower limits of the expert design program using hedonic tests. The main research was carried out to find the best formulation using the expert design program with the D-optimal Mixture Design method. The result of the preliminary research has shown that the chosen formulation was included in the application design expert. There was one optimal formulation out of eight that had been obtained that is the one using 12.25% of red sorghum flour and 5.75% of papaya. Organoleptic test results showed that instant baby complementary food formula could be accepted by panellists.