bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intolerability to postoperative early oral nutrition in older patients (≥70 years) undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A case-control study
Authors: Jang Aelee , Jeong Oh 
Published: May 2021

Background
Postoperative early oral nutrition has increasingly been adopted for patients undergoing gastrectomy. However, intolerability to early oral nutrition remains a major concern, especially in older patients. This study aimed to investigate early oral nutrition intolerability in older patients who had undergone gastrectomy.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 825 patients who had undergone gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma between 2017 and 2019. All patients received an oral diet on postoperative day 1. Patients were divided into older (≥70 years) and younger (<70 years) adult groups, and short-term outcomes and intolerability to oral nutrition were compared. Intolerability to early oral nutrition was defined as oral diet cessation due to adverse gastrointestinal symptoms.

Results
Among the 825 patients (≥70 years, n = 286; <70 years, n = 539), 151 (18.3%) developed intolerability to early oral nutrition, of whom 100 patients were < 70 years old and 51 were ≥70 years old. The most common symptom causing intolerability was abdominal distension. The mean duration of fasting after developing intolerability was 2.8 ± 2.4 days. The incidence of intolerability in the older and younger adult groups was 17.8% and 18.6%, respectively (p = 0.799). In terms of sex, operative approach, gastric resection, lymph node dissection, reconstruction, and tumor stage subgroups, the older adult group did not exhibit a significant increase in intolerability. Postoperatively, the older adult group showed a higher incidence of systemic complications; however, anastomotic complications did not significantly differ between the two groups.

Conclusions
Postoperative early oral nutrition can safely be adopted for older patients undergoing gastrectomy, with acceptable intolerability and surgical outcomes.
Acute healthcare resource utilization by age: A cohort study
Authors: Tillmann Bourke W. , Fu Longdi , Hill Andrea D. , Scales Damon C. , Fowler Robert A. , Cuthbertson Brian H. , Wunsch Hannah 
Published: May 2021

Background
Granular data related to the likelihood of individuals of different ages accessing acute and critical care services over time is lacking.

Methods
We used population-based, administrative data from Ontario to identify residents of specific ages (20, 30, 40, etc. to 100) on January 1st every year from 1995–2019. We assessed rates of emergency department (ED) visits (2003–19), hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (2003–19), and mechanical ventilation.

Findings
Overall the 25-year study period, ED were the most common acute healthcare encounter with 100-year-olds having the lowest rate (138.7/1,000) and 90-year-olds the highest (378.5/1,000). Rates of hospitalization ranged from 24.2/1,000 for those age 20 up to 224.9/1,000 for those age 90. Rates of ICU admission and mechanical ventilation were lowest for those age 20 (1.0 and 0.4/1,000), more than tripled by age 50 (3.3 and 1.7/1,000) and peaked at age 80 (20.3 and 10.1/1,000). Over time rates of ED visits increased (164.3 /1,000 in 2003 vs 199.1 /1,000 in 2019) as did rates of invasive mechanical ventilation (2.0/1,000 in 1995 vs 2.9/1,000 in 2019), whereas rates of ICU admission remained stable (4.8/1,000 in 2003 vs 4.9/1,000 in 2019) and hospitalization declined (66.8/1,000 in 1995 vs 51.5/1,000 in 2019). Age stratified analysis demonstrated that rates of ED presentation increased for those age 70 and younger while hospitalization decreased for all age groups; ICU admission and mechanical ventilation rates changed variably by age, with increasing rates demonstrated primarily among people under the age of 50.

Interpretation
Rates of hospitalizations have decreased over time across all age groups, whereas rates of ED presentation, ICU admissions, and mechanical ventilation have increased, primarily driven by younger adults. These findings suggest that although the delivery of healthcare may be moving away from inpatient medicine, there is a growing population of young adults requiring significant healthcare resources.
Effects of insertion torque on the structure of dental implants with different connections: Experimental pilot study in vitro
Authors: Gehrke Sergio Alexandre , Pereira Gismari Miranda Amaral , Gehrke Arthur Felipe , Junior Nilton De Bortoli , Dedavid Berenice Anina 
Published: May 2021

Objective
During the insertion of dental implants in the bone tissue, different torque values can be applied. However, the high applied torque can cause damage to the implant connection. Our study sought to evaluate, by measuring the angle of rotation of the insertion drive and, later microscopic observation, possible changes in the structure of implants of different diameters with 3 different types of connections after the application of 4 different torque intensities.

Materials and methods
Three hundred tapered dental implants and three hundred insertion drivers were used in the present study. Implants of 3.5 and 4 mm in diameter with 3 connection models were tested: external hexagon (EH), internal hexagon (IH) and Morse taper (MT). Then, sis groups were performed: EH3 group, EH4 group, IH3 group, IH4 group, MT3 group and MT4 group. The samples were submitted to the torque/torsion force at 4 intensities (n = 10 samples per group and intensity): 60, 80, 100 and 120 Ncm. The turning angle of the insertion driver was measured in each test. In addition, in 10 samples from each group, the maximum torque value supported by each implant model was measured. After the tests, all samples were inspected microscopically to describe the observed changes.

Results
The maximum torque supported by the different implant models showed statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). The values of the measured angles showed statistically significant differences between the torque values applied within each group (p < 0.001) and between groups with the same torque value (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Within the limitations of the present study in vitro, the results showed that high torque values cause mechanical damage to the implants.
Reactivation of Hepatitis B After Ibalizumab Therapy for Multidrug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Kaplan Alyson , DeHaan Elliott , Maltz Charles 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Despite the decreasing morbidity associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a large percentage of persons with HIV have at least 1 drug resistance mutation. Ibalizumab, a recently approved drug, targets multidrug-resistant HIV. We present a case of reactivation of hepatitis B after initiation of ibalizumab therapy.
Gastrocolic Fistula Management in a Pregnant Patient
Authors: Qasim Abdallah , Buaisha Haitam , Abuhazeem Bader , Jenkins Erin 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a case of a pregnant woman admitted for malnutrition secondary to a large gastrocolic fistula (GCF). She has a history of perforated duodenal ulcer that required surgical pyloroplasty 6 years ago. This fistula was diagnosed on the gastrointestinal barium series showing direct transit of barium from the stomach to the colon. An upper endoscopy showed a large gastrocolonic fistula with stool leaking to the stomach. Her nutrition was optimized, then she underwent surgical repair. GCF is suspected in the patient presenting with malnutrition with a history of intra-abdominal surgery.
Uncertainty, Financial Markets, and Monetary Policy over the Last Century
Authors: Choi Sangyup , Yoon Chansik 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
What has been the effect of uncertainty shocks in the U.S. economy over the last century? What are the roles of the financial channel and monetary policy channel in propagating uncertainty shocks? Our empirical strategies enable us to distinguish between the effects of uncertainty shocks on key macroeconomic and financial variables transmitted through each channel. A hundred years of data further allow us to answer these questions from a novel historical perspective. This paper finds robust evidence that financial conditions captured by both borrowing costs and the availability of credit have played a crucial role in propagating uncertainty shocks over the last century. However, heightened uncertainty does not necessarily amplify the adverse effect of financial shocks, suggesting an asymmetric interaction between uncertainty and financial shocks. Interestingly, the monetary policy stance seems to play only a minor role in propagating uncertainty shocks, which is in sharp contrast to the recent claim that binding zero-lower-bound amplifies the negative effect of uncertainty shocks. We argue that the contribution of constrained monetary policy to amplifying uncertainty shocks is largely masked by the joint concurrence of binding zero-lower-bound and tightened financial conditions.
Which Way Forward for Economic Security: Basic Income or Public Services?
Authors: Malleson Tom , Calnitsky David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEconomic insecurity is an endemic problem across the rich countries of the Global North. What is the solution? This paper compares and contrasts two major proposals: the conventional welfare state package of public services and regulations versus a basic income. By comparing and contrasting these systems in three different contexts – a “nightwatchman” context, a neoliberal context, and a social democratic context – and carefully modeling the monetary equivalence between them, we are able to provide a more precise and compelling comparison of the two systems than has yet been accomplished. We evaluate the two systems on the basis of economic security as well as a number of other important criteria, including the economic well-being of oppressed groups, power, carbon emissions, the gender division of labor, free time, social stigma, and transformative potential. We find that without a welfare state background, services and regulations are generally preferable for most vulnerable groups. However, as the welfare state develops, into a neoliberal or a social democratic context, basic income becomes a generally superior option.
Influence of diagenetic features on petrophysical properties of fine-grained rocks of Oligocene strata in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Shar Abdul Majeed , Mahesar Aftab Ahmed , Abbasi Ghazanfer Raza , Narejo Asad Ali , Hakro Asghar Ali Alias Daahar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nari Formation is considered as one of the most important oil and gas exploration targets. These fine-grained tight sandstone reservoirs face enormous challenges due to their extremely low matrix porosity and permeability. Hence, in this regard, the study was carried out to collect the high-quality data on petrophysical properties along with mineralogy and microstructural characteristics and diagenesis. The experiments performed includes the petrographic study and scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Besides, the measurement of petrophysical properties was carried out to assess the likely influence of the reservoir quality. The petrographic analysis shows predominantly fine- to medium-grained grey samples along with calcite, clay, lithic fragments and iron oxides. Further, the thin-section observations revealed that the quartz is a principal mineral component in all the analysed samples ranging from 52.2 to 92.9%. The bulk volume of clay minerals that range from 5.3 to 16.1% of. The porosity and permeability measured range from 5.08 to 18.56% (average 7.22%) and from 0.0152 to 377 mD (average 0.25 mD), respectively. The main diagenetic processes that affected the sandstones of Nari Formation are mechanical compaction, grain deformation, cementation and quartz dissolution and have played a significant role in influencing the quality of the reservoir rock. Overall, it appears that the primary petrophysical properties (porosity and permeability) were decreased due to the mechanical compaction, lithification, cementation, and framework grain dissolution. Based on the integrated mineralogical, microstructural analysis, and the laboratory-based petrophysical properties, the samples exhibited poor porosity, permeability, and moderate clay content, which indicate that the Nari Formation is a poor quality reservoir.
Comparative investigation on the removal of methyl orange from aqueous solution using three different advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Benredjem Zahia , Barbari Karima , Chaabna Imene , Saaidia Samia , Djemel Abdelhak , Delimi Rachid , Douas Saloua , Bakhouche Khaoula 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are promising environmentally friendly technologies for the treatment of wastewater containing organic pollutants in general and particularly dyes. The aim of this work is to determine which of the AOP processes based on the Fenton reaction is more effective in degrading the methyl orange (MO) dye. The comparative study of the Fenton, photo-Fenton (PF) and electro-Fenton (EF) processes has shown that electro-Fenton is the most efficient method for oxidizing Methyl Orange. The evolution of organic matter degradation was followed by absorbance (discoloration) and COD (mineralization) measurements. The kinetics of the MO degradation by the electro-Fenton process is very rapid and the OM degradation rate reached 90.87% after 5 min. The influence of some parameters such as the concentration of the catalyst (Fe (II)), the concentration of MO, the current density, the nature and the concentration of supporting electrolyte was investigated. The results showed that the degradation rate increases with the increase in the applied current density and the concentration of the supporting electrolyte. The study of the concentration effect on the rate degradation revealed optimal values for the concentrations 2.10−5 M and 75 mg L−1 of Fe (II) and MO respectively.
Intensification of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the degradation of bisphenol-A
Authors: Chinthala Mahendra , K. Ashwathanarayanaiah Badrinarayana , Kulkarni Soundarya , Udayakishore Yajnesh , Halyal Aishwarya , Chavan Anil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA), a precursor for many polymers, is a harmful compound for living organisms if present beyond permissible limits in aqueous streams. The combinations of oxidation processes like Hydrodynamic Cavitation (HC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and Fenton’s reagent (H2O2 + FeSO4) were examined for the degradation of BPA in the present study. The effects of operating parameters like inlet pressure, initial concentration of BPA, orifice geometry were investigated on BPA degradation. The degradation rates of BPA increased with inlet pressure up to 0.5 MPa and then showed a decreasing trend beyond 0.5 MPa. The initial concentration of BPA had an inverse relation with the degradation percentage. The multiple hole orifice plate showed better degradation of BPA compared to the single hole orifice plate. In the intensification studies, the addition of hydrogen peroxide to BPA in the cavitation reactor favored BPA degradation. A combination of HC + Fenton’s reagent (0.1 M H2O2 + 0.01 M FeSO4) significantly degraded BPA present in the aqueous streams.
“Who’s Going to Mobilise Darkness and Silence?”: The Construction of Dystopian Spaces in Contemporary British Drama
Authors: Sierz Aleks , Tönnies Merle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article examines the recent explosion of British dystopian plays, analysing their changing characteristics from the 1990 s to the 2010 s. After an initial brief look at precursors, it then focuses on examples of new writing which tackle the idea of dystopia in the absurdist manner typical of the 2000 s. In a third step, the focus is on the dystopian drama of the 2010 s and its more conventionally structured plots, which at the same time increasingly include ironic and parodistic elements. It becomes clear how this comparatively new genre is able to shake off the constraints of traditional dystopian writing and develop recognisable characteristics of its own. Throughout, emphasis is put on the “reality” of the plays’ fictional worlds, on the usage of the stage space, and on how the audience’s relationship with the stage is constructed as a double bind of distance and closeness.
Quantification of anacardic acid, the toxic component in raw and purified samples of Semecarpus anacardium L. by Siddha purification processes
Authors: Lawrence Juliet , Viswan Lilly Reena , Velmurugan Arthi , Sundhara moorthy Karthik Raja , Sudarsanam Sudha Revathy , Parameswaran Sathiyarajeswaran , Kadarkarai Kanakavalli 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The knowledge of purification process is unique since it deals with various physical and chemical changes in the inherent toxic properties during the process and it renders a strong support in the art of medicine preparation in Siddha system of medicine. Semecarpus anacardium L. is listed under Schedule e (1) drugs and purification is mandatory before its administration in medicine preparation. The bioactive compounds present in the plant like alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids enhance the medical efficacy and defense mechanisms of the plant. Hence an attempt has been made to reveal the chemical change, occurring during the purification process in Siddha system of medicine by evaluating the phytochemicals and anacardic acid which is responsible for forming blisters and dermatitis.

Methods
Five common methods were used to purify the Semecarpus anacardium nuts as per the Siddha classical texts. The quantification of phytochemicals and anacardic acid has been done in unpurified, intermediate and purified samples.

Results
Significant changes were observed in phytochemicals and anacardic acid quantity in unpurified and purified samples. The major reduction of anacardic acid from 5.62 % in S1 to below detectable limit (BDL) in S2, S3, S4, 0.24% in S5 and 3.32% in S6. There is mild to moderate change in the phytochemicals which will support the efficacy of the drug.

Conclusions
With the results of phytochemicals, though all the purification methods have been evidenced to reduce the toxic nature, among the above five, the process II may be recommended for further research and medicine preparation.
Education in developing countries and reducing maternal mortality: a forgotten piece of the puzzle?
Authors: Stefanovic Vedran 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Despite substantial improvement in reducing maternal mortality during the recent decades, we constantly face tragic fact that maternal mortality (especially preventable deaths) is still unacceptably too high, particularly in the developing countries, where 99% of all maternal deaths worldwide occur. Poverty, lack of proper statistics, gender inequality, beliefs and corruption-associated poor governmental policies are just few of the reasons why decline in maternal mortality has not been as sharp as it was wished and expected. Education has not yet been fully recognized as the way out of poverty, improvement of women’s role in the society and consequent better perinatal care and consequent lower maternal mortality. Education should be improved on all levels including girls, women and their partners, medical providers, religious and governmental authorities. Teaching the teachers should be also an essential part of global strategy to lower maternal mortality. This paper is mostly a commentary, not a systematic review nor a meta-analysis with the aim to rise attention (again) to the role of different aspects of education in lowering maternal mortality. The International Academy of Perinatal Medicine should play a crucial role in pushing the efforts on this issue as the influential instance that promotes reflection and dialog in perinatal medicine, especially in aspects such as bioethics, the appropriate use of technological advances, and the sociological and humanistic dimensions of this specific problem of huge magnitude. The five concrete steps to achieve these goals are listed and discussed.
Magnetic black phosphorus microbubbles for targeted tumor theranostics
Authors: Zhu Yao , Liu Yingying , Xie Zhongjian , He Tianzhen , Su Lili , Guo Fengjuan , Arkin Gulzira , Lai XiaoShu , Xu Jinfeng , Zhang Han 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) is attracting more and more interest for the biomedical application. The absorption in a wide spectral range and high photothermal conversion efficiency make BP suitable for photothermal therapy. However, BP alone is hard to realize the targeted therapy, which limits the precision and efficiency of the therapy. Magnetic microbubbles (MBs) are favored drug carriers because they can resist the sheer force of blood flow in a magnetic field, which improves the efficiency of MBs adhesion to the vascular wall for targeted ultrasound diagnosis and therapy. This study first optimized the magnetic MBs configurations through controlling the connecting polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain length. The magnetic MBs with PEG2000 have been chosen for targeted BP nanosheets delivery due to the better stability and magnetic responsiveness. The magnetic black phosphorus microbubbles (MBBPM) can realize the targeted tumor theranostics in vitro and in vivo. They could be applied for the targeted ultrasound imaging with an enhanced echogenicity by three times when accumulated at the target site where the magnetic field is applied. As the NIR laser irradiation was applied on the accumulated MBBPM, they dynamited and the temperature increased rapidly. It improved the cell membrane permeability, thus accelerating and enhancing a precision photothermal killing effect to the breast cancer cells, compared to BP alone.
Obsidian in the Early Neolithic of the Upper Vistula basin: origin, processing, distribution and use – a case study from Tominy (southern Poland)
Authors: Szeliga Marcin , Kasztovszky Zsolt , Osipowicz Grzegorz , Szilágyi Veronika 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The inflow of the Carpathian obsidian into the areas on the northern side of the Carpathians and the Sudetes is confirmed as early as in the Palaeolithic. However, its greatest intensity occurred in the Early Neolithic, i. e. in the late 6th and in the first half of 5th millennia BC. During that period, the phenomenon was closely related with the development of the Danubian cultural groups in the upper Vistula river basin, including especially Linear Pottery culture (LBK) and Malice Culture. The constant presence of this raw material products in mentioned areas is documented from the classical (musical-note) phase of LBK, constituting one of the most expressive pieces of evidence of permanent and intense intercultural contacts with communities of the northern Carpathian Basin. This phenomenon has been repeatedly emphasized in the literature.
One of the most numerous LBK obsidian inventories in the upper Vistula river basin was obtained at site 6 in Tominy, located in southern Poland, in the non-loess zone of the Sandomierz Upland northern foreground. The above-mentioned collection, its non-destructive elemental analysis, using Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) and also traceological analysis, is the subject of this article. The results supplement the published data to a significant extent, simultaneously providing partial verification and updating of the current state of knowledge on the basic issues related to the Early Neolithic obsidian inflow into areas located North of the Carpathians, including primarily the origin of the raw material, the scale of its processing and distribution ways, as well as the range of its use by the LBK communities.