bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planned Early Dispute Resolution Systems and Elements: Experiences and the Promise of Technology
Authors: Nigmatullina Dilyara 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has severely impacted global business communities. Experts predict a tsunami of disputes. In this unprecedented situation, rational, cost-effective and quick dispute resolution is no more an option but a need. This need may be met by Planned Early Dispute Resolution (PEDR) and technological tools. Although the uptake of both has been slow so far, the current crisis may act as a catalyst for their more extensive use. This article starts with an overview of PEDR by addressing its definition, models, elements and use, among other aspects. It then investigates actual experiences of companies with PEDR systems and elements and discusses the effect that the companies’ shift to PEDR has on law firms. The article concludes by exploring how PEDR systems can benefit from the use of technological tools and how the interaction between technology and dispute resolution can contribute to shaping the future of the legal profession.
Influencing Factors of Loneliness Among Hmong Older Adults in the Premigration, Displacement, and Postmigration Phases
Authors: Vang Cindy , Thor Pa , Sieng Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMinimal research has simultaneously explored the premigration, displacement, and postmigration experiences of loneliness among older adults with a refugee history. Drawing from a constructivist grounded theory study guided by an intersectionality framework, this study aimed to explore the factors influencing loneliness in these three phases among Hmong older adults with a refugee background. Interviews were conducted with 17 Hmong older adults aged 65 and older residing in Northern California. Findings revealed the influencing factors emerging from systems of oppression grounded within the social, political, and cultural context of each phase. Influencing factors of loneliness were identified as betrayal, familial loss, instability, war violence, loss of social status, isolation, diminishing filial piety, language barrier, declining health, and lack of purpose. This study highlights the need for more research, practice, and policy focused on the context of the refugee experience to gain a greater insight into their loneliness experiences.
Spatio-temporal control of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis by inducible complementation of a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase mutant
Authors: Kim Jeong Im , Hidalgo-Shrestha Christopher , Bonawitz Nicholas D , Franke Rochus B , Chapple Clint 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) is a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase that catalyzes the second step of the general phenylpropanoid pathway. Arabidopsis reduced epidermal fluorescence 3 (ref3) mutants, which carry hypomorphic mutations in C4H, exhibit global alterations in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and have developmental abnormalities including dwarfing. Here we report the characterization of a conditional Arabidopsis C4H line (ref3-2pOpC4H), in which wild-type C4H is expressed in the ref3-2 background. Expression of C4H in plants with well-developed primary inflorescence stems resulted in restoration of fertility and the production of substantial amounts of lignin, revealing that the developmental window for lignification is remarkably plastic. Following induction of C4H expression in ref3-2pOpC4H, we observed rapid and significant reductions in the levels of numerous metabolites, including several benzoyl and cinnamoyl esters and amino acid conjugates. These atypical conjugates were quickly replaced with their sinapoylated equivalents, suggesting that phenolic esters are subjected to substantial amounts of turnover in wild-type plants. Furthermore, using localized application of dexamethasone to ref3-2pOpC4H, we show that phenylpropanoids are not transported appreciably from their site of synthesis. Finally, we identified a defective Casparian strip diffusion barrier in the ref3-2 mutant root endodermis, which is restored by induction of C4H expression.
Revisiting Sylvia Plath’s and Anne Sexton’s confessional poetry: Analyzing stylistic differences and evolution of poetic voice(s) through computational text analysis
Authors: Lee Shin Haeng , Tak Jin-Young , Kwak Eun Joo , Kim Seonghoon , Lim Tae Yun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a new approach to reading the ‘Confessional Poetry’ of Sylvia Plath and Anne Sexton by combining quantitative text analysis methods with a qualitative literary interpretation. We investigate the meanings of stylistic differences between Plath’s and Sexton’s poems and highlight their differences in using pronouns and related sentiment words. Our data-focused research demonstrates that Plath employs rather fragmented and schizophrenic styles, as well as poetic voices with word choices that present dynamic and volatile emotions. On the other hand, Sexton’s poetic voice is causal, homogeneous, and relatively stable, focusing a lot on domestic issues and the symbolic function of father. To illustrate this, three computational methods are used: (1) linking pronoun uses in each poet’s work to sentiment words (Figs 1 and 2), (2) a topic-model analysis to compare Plath’s and Sexton’s works to see how the themes of poetry are manifested by the different patterns of word use, the so-called topics, and their co-occurrences in the poems (Figs 3 and 4), and (3) a diachronic analysis of each poet’s works (using the topic model) to identify the thematic changes (Figs 5 and 6). The methods commonly testify one of the widely accepted ideas regarding Plath’s and Sexton’s confessional poems. Plath often breaks with the boundary of the ego, I, through complex reciprocity between I and other pronoun groups, while Sexton evokes the presence of the poet through more stable and less kinetic voices of the authorial I. Plath’s and Sexton’s works have long been regarded as the passive products of biological reductionism due to the traditional way of understanding the confessional genre. The aim of this paper, however, is to redefine the meaning of confessional genre, proposing that the truthfulness of the poetic voice I cannot be seperated from the stylistic issues in poetic language.
An optical observational cluster mass function at z ∼ 1 with the ORELSE survey
Authors: Hung D , Lemaux B C , Gal R R , Tomczak A R , Lubin L M , Cucciati O , Pelliccia D , Shen L , Le Fèvre O , Zamorani G , Wu P-F , Kocevski D D , Fassnacht C D , Squires G K 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a new mass function of galaxy clusters and groups using optical/near-infrared (NIR) wavelength spectroscopic and photometric data from the Observations of Redshift Evolution in Large-Scale Environments (ORELSE) survey. At z ∼ 1, cluster mass function studies are rare regardless of wavelength and have never been attempted from an optical/NIR perspective. This work serves as a proof of concept that z ∼ 1 cluster mass functions are achievable without supplemental X-ray or Sunyaev-Zel’dovich data. Measurements of the cluster mass function provide important contraints on cosmological parameters and are complementary to other probes. With ORELSE, a new cluster finding technique based on Voronoi tessellation Monte Carlo (VMC) mapping, and rigorous purity and completeness testing, we have obtained ∼240 galaxy overdensity candidates in the redshift range 0.55 &lt; z &lt; 1.37 at a mass range of 13.6 &lt; log (M/M⊙) &lt; 14.8. This mass range is comparable to existing optical cluster mass function studies for the local universe. Our candidate numbers vary based on the choice of multiple input parameters related to detection and characterization in our cluster finding algorithm, which we incorporated into the mass function analysis through a Monte Carlo scheme. We find cosmological constraints on the matter density, Ωm, and the amplitude of fluctuations, σ8, of $\Omega _{m} = 0.250^{+0.104}_{-0.099}$ and $\sigma _{8} = 1.150^{+0.260}_{-0.163}$. While our Ωm value is close to concordance, our σ8 value is ∼2σ higher because of the inflated observed number densities compared to theoretical mass function models owing to how our survey targeted overdense regions. With Euclid and several other large, unbiased optical surveys on the horizon, VMC mapping will enable optical/NIR cluster cosmology at redshifts much higher than what has been possible before.
How can LISA probe a population of GW190425-like binary neutron stars in the Milky Way?
Authors: Korol Valeriya , Safarzadeh Mohammadtaher 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The nature of GW190425, a presumed binary neutron star (BNS) merger detected by the LIGO/Virgo Scientific Collaboration (LVC) with a total mass of $3.4^{+0.3}_{-0.1}$ M⊙, remains a mystery. With such a large total mass, GW190425 stands at five standard deviations away from the total mass distribution of Galactic BNSs of 2.66 ± 0.12 M⊙. LVC suggested that this system could be a BNS formed from a fast-merging channel rendering its non-detection at radio wavelengths due to selection effects. BNSs with orbital periods less than a few hours – progenitors of LIGO/Virgo mergers – are prime target candidates for the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). If GW190425-like binaries exist in the Milky Way, LISA will detect them within the volume of our Galaxy and will measure their chirp masses to better than 10 per cent for those binaries with gravitational wave frequencies larger than 2 mHz. This work explores how we can probe a population of Galactic GW190425-like BNSs with LISA and investigate their origin. We assume that the Milky Way’s BNS population consists of two distinct subpopulations: a fraction w1 that follows the observed Galactic BNS chirp mass distribution and w2 that resembles chirp mass of GW190425. We show that LISA’s accuracy on recovering the fraction of GW190425-like binaries depends on the BNS merger rate. For the merger rates reported in the literature, $21{-}212\,$ Myr−1, the error on the recovered fractions varies between ∼30 and 5 per cent.
A search for radio afterglows from gamma-ray bursts with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
Authors: Leung James K , Murphy Tara , Ghirlanda Giancarlo , Kaplan David L , Lenc Emil , Dobie Dougal , Banfield Julie , Hale Catherine , Hotan Aidan , McConnell David , Moss Vanessa A , Pritchard Joshua , Raja Wasim , Stewart Adam J , Whiting Matthew 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a search for radio afterglows from long gamma-ray bursts using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). Our search used the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey, covering the entire celestial sphere south of declination +41○, and three epochs of the Variables and Slow Transients Pilot Survey (Phase 1), covering ∼5000 square degrees per epoch. The observations we used from these surveys spanned a nine-month period from 2019 April 21 to 2020 January 11. We cross-matched radio sources found in these surveys with 779 well-localized (to ≤15 arcsec) long gamma-ray bursts occurring after 2004 and determined whether the associations were more likely afterglow- or host-related through the analysis of optical images. In our search, we detected one radio afterglow candidate associated with GRB 171205A, a local low-luminosity gamma-ray burst with a supernova counterpart SN 2017iuk, in an ASKAP observation 511 d post-burst. We confirmed this detection with further observations of the radio afterglow using the Australia Telescope Compact Array at 859 and 884 d post-burst. Combining this data with archival data from early-time radio observations, we showed the evolution of the radio spectral energy distribution alone could reveal clear signatures of a wind-like circumburst medium for the burst. Finally, we derived semi-analytical estimates for the microphysical shock parameters of the burst: electron power-law index p = 2.84, normalized wind-density parameter A* = 3, fractional energy in electrons ϵe = 0.3, and fractional energy in magnetic fields ϵB = 0.0002.
Characterization of V-type asteroids orbiting in the middle and outer main belt
Authors: Migliorini Alessandra , De Sanctis M C , Michtchenko T A , Lazzaro D , Barbieri M , Mesa D , Lazzarin M , La Forgia F 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We present new spectral observations using ground-based telescopes of 23 putative V-type asteroids, selected according to colour surveys in the visible from the Moving Objects Catalogue of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and near-infrared from the Moving Objects VISTA catalogue. 10 asteroids are orbiting in the middle main belt, while five in the outer part of the main asteroid belt. For the observed asteroids, we assign a taxonomical classification and confirm the basaltic nature for 16 of them. The high-quality spectra in the UV range, obtained with the X-Shooter spectrograph at ESO, allowed the identification of the Fe2+ forbidden transition of pyroxene for 10 asteroids. This band is centred at 506.5 nm, and it is diagnostic of the Ca-content in the pyroxene form. We determined a low Fe-content composition for asteroids (2452) Lyot, (5758) Brunini, (7675) Gorizia, (9197) Endo, (22308) 1990 UO4, (36118) 1999 RE135, (66905) 1999 VC160, and (189597) 2000 WG119, and a composition more rich in Fe for asteroids (75661) 2000 AB79 and (93620) 2000 UQ70. We also present a dynamical investigation of V-type asteroids in the middle and outer main belt. The principal finding of these simulations is that the middle and outer V-types are more likely to be associated with some families, which were considered as possibly originated from the break up of a partially or totally differentiated parent body by diverse studies. This reinforces the hypothesis that the identified V-type in the region were not originated from (4) Vesta and that the number of differentiated objects in the middle and outer main belt must have been much larger than previously assumed.
Twin stars as tracers of binary evolution in the Kepler era
Authors: Bulut Sara , Hoyman Barış , Dervişoğlu Ahmet , Özdarcan Orkun , Çakırlı Ömür 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We present results of the combined photometric and spectroscopic analysis of four systems that are eclipsing binaries with a twin component (mass ratio q ≃ 1). These are exceptional tools to provide information for probing the internal structure of stars. None of the systems were previously recognized as twin binaries. We used a number of high-resolution optical spectra to calculate the radial velocities and later combined them with photometry to derive orbital parameters. Temperatures and metallicities of systems were estimated from high-resolution spectra. For each binary, we obtained a full set of orbital and physical parameters, reaching precision below 3 per cent in masses and radii for whole pairs. By comparing our results with PARSEC and MIST isochrones, we assess the distance, age, and evolutionary status of the researched objects. The primary and/or secondary stars of EPIC 216075815 and EPIC 202843107 are one of the cases where asteroseismic parameters of δ Sct and γ Dor pulsators were confirmed by an independent method and rare examples of the twin-eclipsing binaries therefore the following analyses and results concern the pulsating nature of the components.
Binary-driven stellar rotation evolution at the main-sequence turn-off in star clusters
Authors: Sun Weijia , de Grijs Richard , Deng Licai , Albrow Michael D 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The impact of stellar rotation on the morphology of star cluster colour–magnitude diagrams is widely acknowledged. However, the physics driving the distribution of the equatorial rotation velocities of main-sequence turn-off stars is as yet poorly understood. Using Gaia Data Release 2 photometry and new Southern African Large Telescope medium-resolution spectroscopy, we analyse the intermediate-age ($\sim 1\text{-}{\rm Gyr}$-old) Galactic open clusters NGC 3960, NGC 6134, and IC 4756 and develop a novel method to derive their stellar rotation distributions based on SYCLIST stellar rotation models. Combined with literature data for the open clusters NGC 5822 and NGC 2818, we find a tight correlation between the number ratio of slow rotators and the clusters’ binary fractions. The blue-main-sequence stars in at least two of our clusters are more centrally concentrated than their red-main-sequence counterparts. The origin of the equatorial stellar rotation distribution and its evolution remains as yet unidentified. However, the observed correlation in our open cluster sample suggests a binary-driven formation mechanism.
A Hi–C data-integrated model elucidatesE. colichromosome’s multiscale organization at various replication stages
Authors: Wasim Abdul , Gupta Ankit , Mondal Jagannath 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe chromosome of Escherichia coli is riddled with multi-faceted complexity. The emergence of chromosome conformation capture techniques are providing newer ways to explore chromosome organization. Here we combine a beads-on-a-spring polymer-based framework with recently reported Hi–C data for E. coli chromosome, in rich growth condition, to develop a comprehensive model of its chromosome at 5 kb resolution. The investigation focuses on a range of diverse chromosome architectures of E. coli at various replication states corresponding to a collection of cells, individually present in different stages of cell cycle. The Hi–C data-integrated model captures the self-organization of E. coli chromosome into multiple macrodomains within a ring-like architecture. The model demonstrates that the position of oriC is dependent on architecture and replication state of chromosomes. The distance profiles extracted from the model reconcile fluorescence microscopy and DNA-recombination assay experiments. Investigations into writhe of the chromosome model reveal that it adopts helix-like conformation with no net chirality, earlier hypothesized in experiments. A genome-wide radius of gyration map captures multiple chromosomal interaction domains and identifies the precise locations of rrn operons in the chromosome. We show that a model devoid of Hi–C encoded information would fail to recapitulate most genomic features unique to E. coli.
Sequence-independent RNA sensing and DNA targeting by a split domain CRISPR–Cas12a gRNA switch
Authors: Collins Scott P , Rostain William , Liao Chunyu , Beisel Chase L 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCRISPR technologies increasingly require spatiotemporal and dosage control of nuclease activity. One promising strategy involves linking nuclease activity to a cell's transcriptional state by engineering guide RNAs (gRNAs) to function only after complexing with a ‘trigger’ RNA. However, standard gRNA switch designs do not allow independent selection of trigger and guide sequences, limiting gRNA switch application. Here, we demonstrate the modular design of Cas12a gRNA switches that decouples selection of these sequences. The 5′ end of the Cas12a gRNA is fused to two distinct and non-overlapping domains: one base pairs with the gRNA repeat, blocking formation of a hairpin required for Cas12a recognition; the other hybridizes to the RNA trigger, stimulating refolding of the gRNA repeat and subsequent gRNA-dependent Cas12a activity. Using a cell-free transcription-translation system and Escherichia coli, we show that designed gRNA switches can respond to different triggers and target different DNA sequences. Modulating the length and composition of the sensory domain altered gRNA switch performance. Finally, gRNA switches could be designed to sense endogenous RNAs expressed only under specific growth conditions, rendering Cas12a targeting activity dependent on cellular metabolism and stress. Our design framework thus further enables tethering of CRISPR activities to cellular states.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Regusci Alessia , Lava Sebastiano A G , Milani Gregorio P , Bianchetti Mario G , Simonetti Giacomo D , Vanoni Federica 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is defined as the occurrence of tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) and uveitis in the absence of other systemic diseases. The most comprehensive review on this condition was published in 2001.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of the literature for cases of TINU syndrome. MEDLINE and Embase databases were screened. Full-length articles or letters reporting cases with both TIN and uveitis were selected. We investigated differences between males and females and paediatric and adult cases. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) development.ResultsA total of 233 articles reporting 592 TINU cases were retained for the analysis. The median age of the included subjects was 17 years (interquartile range 13–46) with a female predominance (65%). Uveitis most frequently (52%) followed renal disease and was mostly anterior (65%) and bilateral (88%). Children tended to have more ocular relapses, while they were slightly less likely than adults to suffer from acute kidney injury and to develop CKD. Adult age as well as posterior or panuveitis were associated with an increased risk of developing CKD.ConclusionsTINU affects both children and adults, with some differences between these two categories. Adult age and the presence of a posterior uveitis or panuveitis appear to be associated with the development of CKD.
SNX14 deficiency-induced defective axonal mitochondrial transport in Purkinje cells underlies cerebellar ataxia and can be reversed by valproate
Authors: Zhang Hongfeng , Hong Yujuan , Yang Weijie , Wang Ruimin , Yao Ting , Wang Jian , Liu Ke , Yuan Huilong , Xu Chaoqun , Zhou Yuanyuan , Li Guanxian , Zhang Lishan , Luo Hong , Zhang Xian , Du Dan , Sun Hao , Zheng Qiuyang , Zhang Yun-Wu , Zhao Yingjun , Zhou Ying , Xu Huaxi , Wang Xin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in sorting nexin 14 (SNX14) cause autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 20, which is a form of early-onset cerebellar ataxia that lacks molecular mechanisms and mouse models. We generated Snx14-deficient mouse models and observed severe motor deficits and cell-autonomous Purkinje cell degeneration. SNX14 deficiency disrupted microtubule organization and mitochondrial transport in axons by destabilizing the microtubule-severing enzyme spastin, which is implicated in dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia with cerebellar ataxia, and compromised axonal integrity and mitochondrial function. Axonal transport disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction further led to degeneration of high-energy-demanding Purkinje cells, which resulted in the pathogenesis of cerebellar ataxia. The antiepileptic drug valproate ameliorated motor deficits and cerebellar degeneration in Snx14-deficient mice via the restoration of mitochondrial transport and function in Purkinje cells. Our study revealed an unprecedented role for SNX14-dependent axonal transport in cerebellar ataxia, demonstrated the convergence of SNX14 and spastin in mitochondrial dysfunction, and suggested valproate as a potential therapeutic agent.