bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Hybrid Bag-Boost Ensemble With K-Means-SMOTE–ENN Technique for Handling Noisy Class Imbalanced Data
Authors: Puri Arjun , Kumar Gupta Manoj 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A class imbalance problem plays a vital role while dealing with classes with rare number of instances. Noisy class imbalanced datasets create considerable effect on the machine learning classification of classes. Data resampling techniques commonly used for handling class imbalance problem show insignificant behavior in noisy imbalanced datasets. To cure curse of data resampling technique in noisy class imbalanced data, we have proposed improved hybrid bag-boost with proposed resampling technique model. This model contains proposed resampling technique used for handling noisy imbalanced datasets. Proposed resampling technique comprises K-Means SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Oversampling TEchnique) as an oversampling technique and edited nearest neighbor (ENN) undersampling technique used as noise removal. This resampling technique is used to mitigate noise in imbalanced datasets at three levels, i.e. first clusters datasets using K-Means clustering technique, SMOTE inside clusters for handling imbalance by inducing synthetic instances of class in minority and lastly, using ENN technique to remove instances that create noise afterwards. Experiments were performed using 11 binary imbalanced datasets by varying attribute noise percentages, and by using area under receiver operating curve as performance metrics. Experimental results confirmed that proposed model shows better results than the rest. Moreover, it is also confirmed that proposed technique performs better with an increased noise percentage in binary imbalanced datasets.
Epicuticular Wax Rice Mutants Show Reduced Resistance to Rice Water Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Bernaola Lina , Butterfield Timothy S , Tai Thomas H , Stout Michael J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Plant structural traits can act as barriers for herbivore attachment, feeding, and oviposition. In particular, epicuticular waxes (EWs) on the aerial surfaces of many land plants offer protection from biotic and abiotic stresses. In rice (Oryza sativa L.), mutations that reduce EWs have been previously reported. However, whether such mutations affect rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) performance has not been investigated yet. These pests cause significant economic problems in important rice-producing areas of the United States. The aim of our study was to characterize the EWs of EW mutants and wild-type rice plants by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and compare the resistance of mutant and wild-type plants against rice water weevil and fall armyworm. We hypothesized that mutants with reduced EWs would have weaker resistance to pests than wild-type plants. Three mutant lines (6-1A, 7-17A, and 11-39A) and their wild-type parent (cv. ‘Sabine’) were used to test this hypothesis. Levels of EWs were significantly lower in mutant lines than in the wild-type, and qualitative differences in EW composition were also observed. Reduction in EWs significantly affected performance of insects in experiments conducted under greenhouse conditions. Experiments with rice water weevils were conducted in arenas in which females were given a choice of the mutants and the wild-type for oviposition. Number of first instars emerging from the three EW mutants (an indication of oviposition preference) was higher on the three EW mutants than on wild-type plants with normal wax levels. Similarly, in no-choice experiments using whole plants or detached leaves, weight gains of armyworms on leaves were higher on the mutant lines than on the wild-type. These results indicate that EW traits are involved in rice resistance to weevils and armyworms. Understanding the plant traits that contribute to resistance to rice pests will be helpful for the development of resistant varieties for reducing pest insect damage.
Feasibility and safety of left atrial appendage closure in a patient with previous foramen ovale occlusion: a case report
Authors: Matta Mario , Maltese Ludovica , Ugo Fabrizio , Di Ruocco Maria Virginia , Rametta Francesco 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Left atrial appendage (LAA) closure is an alternative to chronic oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) at high bleeding risk. Patients with a previous percutaneous closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) present an increased risk for developing AF during their life, and the presence of an atrial septal device renders future percutaneous left atrial access more challenging. Very few cases of LAA occlusion in patients with a preexisting PFO closure device have been previously reported.

Case summary
A 74-years old woman was admitted to our hospital for symptomatic severe anaemia during direct oral anticoagulant treatment. Her past medical history reported an ischaemic stroke at the age of 55, at that time a PFO was diagnosed and a STARFlex™ PFO occluder (NMT Medical, Boston, MA, USA) was implanted. During the current hospitalization, the patient underwent a colonoscopy that showed colonic angiodysplasias unsuitable for endoscopic treatment and LAA closure was indicated for stroke prevention. After a multimodality pre-procedural planning that included a transoesophageal echocardiogram, a cardiac computed tomography scan and a three-dimensional cardiac model printing, the procedure was planned and the LAA successfully occluded.

Discussion
LAA closure can be performed safely and effectively in patients carrying a previously implanted PFO occlusion device. In complex settings, a pre-procedural multimodality imaging is critical for improving the procedural safety and success rate. We describe the first case of percutaneous LAA closure in a patient with a prior PFO occlusion with the implantation of a STARflex™ septal occlusion device.
Comparison of long-term skeletal stability following maxillary advancement using rigid external distraction in growing and non-growing patients with cleft lip and palate: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nimbalkar Kunal Ashok , Datana Sanjeev , Agarwal Shiv Shankar , Chopra Sukhbir Singh , Bhandari Sujit Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the long-term skeletal stability following maxillary advancement using Rigid External Distraction (RED) in growing and non-growing patients with Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP).

Methods
Data sources: A systematic literature search was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines from database inception till August 2020 in MEDLINE-PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Science Direct, Google Scholar and a manual search in the institutional library. Study eligibility criteria, participants and intervention: All available literature published in English, with a minimum of six human subjects with well-defined age range either 7–14.9 years or 15–30 years, follow up period of a minimum of 12 months assessing the skeletal stability as horizontal change at Point A (Subspinale) following maxillary advancement using a RED device, without the use of rigid internal fixation or bone grafts were included in the study. Study appraisal and synthesis method: The quality assessment of selected articles was done using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The meta-analysis was carried out with Q statistic method, I-squared statistics, fixed-effect model to estimate pooled mean and Begg-Mazumdar bias indicator.

Results
Selected nine articles that were qualitatively assessed for relapse rate following maxillary advancement using a RED device, showed consistent and stable results. The meta-analysis found no significant difference in long-term skeletal stability of maxillary advancement by RED device in growing and non-growing patients with CLP [(growing group: Pooled proportion = 0.2927; 95% CI = 0.1534 to 0.4319) (non-growing group: Pooled proportion = 0.23077; 95% CI = 0.09854 to 0.36300)].

Limitations
No study, as revealed by the search, was available that compared the two groups as defined by the inclusion criteria. Data for the two groups were retrieved from different studies and meta-analysed.

Conclusion
RED is an effective modality for correction of maxillary hypoplasia secondary to CLP, requiring large maxillary advancement. The technique can be used in young and adult patients with similar long-term results.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020205513
New safe approach to target symptomatic Hisian ectopy/tachycardia
Authors: Chaumont Corentin , Savouré Arnaud , Godin Bénédicte , Mirolo Adrian , Rivron Simon , Anselme Frédéric 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
Although cryoenergy safety profile is appropriate for the ablation of arrhythmogenic foci near the conduction system, mapping using the cryoablation catheter is of limited precision. Combining the safety of cryoenergy and the high precision of a 3D mapping system therefore appears the most appropriate set-up for ablation in the vicinity of the His bundle.

Methods and results
A 29-year-old woman with a 3-year history of increasing shortness of breath and palpitations refractory to medical treatment was sent to the electrophysiology (EP) laboratory for catheter ablation. Surface electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm and frequent ectopic beats with narrow QRS complexes similar to those of the sinus beats. The left ventricular ejection fraction was impaired (38%) with no other aetiology found, apart from frequent ectopies. Detailed intracardiac mapping, using a 3D electroanatomical system, revealed that the ectopy originated from the distal His bundle, which was indicated by both antegrade and reversed His bundle activation sequence during ectopy compared to that during sinus rhythm. Due to the proximity of the conduction system, cryoenergy rather than radiofrequency was chosen to target this Hisian ectopy. A special set-up was made in order to allow the cryoablation catheter to be visualized into the 3D mapping system. Cryoenergy delivered to the site of earliest Hisian ectopy activation completely abolished it.

Conclusion
Such a combined approach may help to improve the therapeutic strategy for ablation procedures with a high risk of injury to the conduction system. It could notably be extended to the ablation of para-Hisian ectopy or accessory pathways.
An update of the unceasingly growing and diverse AraC/XylS family of transcriptional activators
Authors: Cortés-Avalos Daniel , Martínez-Pérez Noemy , Ortiz-Moncada Mario A , Juárez-González Aylin , Baños-Vargas Arturo A , Estrada-de los Santos Paulina , Pérez-Rueda Ernesto , Ibarra J Antonio 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Transcriptional factors play an important role in gene regulation in all organisms, especially in Bacteria. Here special emphasis is placed in the AraC/XylS family of transcriptional regulators. This is one of the most abundant as many predicted members have been identified and more members are added because more bacterial genomes are sequenced. Given the way more experimental evidence has mounded in the past decades, we decided to update the information about this captivating family of proteins. Using bioinformatics tools on all the data available for experimentally characterized members of this family, we found that many members that display a similar functional classification can be clustered together and in some cases they have a similar regulatory scheme. A proposal for grouping these proteins is also discussed. Additionally, an analysis of surveyed proteins in bacterial genomes is presented. Altogether, the current review presents a panoramic view into this family and we hope it helps to stimulate future research in the field.
Genomes of the willow-galling sawflies Euura lappo and Eupontania aestiva (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae): a resource for research on ecological speciation, adaptation, and gall induction
Authors: Michell Craig , Wutke Saskia , Aranda Manuel , Nyman Tommi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hymenoptera is a hyperdiverse insect order represented by over 153,000 different species. As many hymenopteran species perform various crucial roles for our environments, such as pollination, herbivory, and parasitism, they are of high economic and ecological importance. There are 99 hymenopteran genomes in the NCBI database, yet only five are representative of the paraphyletic suborder Symphyta (sawflies, woodwasps, and horntails), while the rest represent the suborder Apocrita (bees, wasps, and ants). Here, using a combination of 10X Genomics linked-read sequencing, Oxford Nanopore long-read technology, and Illumina short-read data, we assembled the genomes of two willow-galling sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Nematinae: Euurina): the bud-galling species Euura lappo and the leaf-galling species Eupontania aestiva. The final assembly for E. lappo is 259.85 Mbp in size, with a contig N50 of 209.0 kbp and a BUSCO score of 93.5%. The E. aestiva genome is 222.23 Mbp in size, with a contig N50 of 49.7 kbp and a 90.2% complete BUSCO score. De novo annotation of repetitive elements showed that 27.45% of the genome was composed of repetitive elements in E. lappo and 16.89% in E. aestiva, which is a marked increase compared to previously published hymenopteran genomes. The genomes presented here provide a resource for inferring phylogenetic relationships among basal hymenopterans, comparative studies on host-related genomic adaptation in plant-feeding insects, and research on the mechanisms of plant manipulation by gall-inducing insects.
Impact of Delaying Antiretroviral Treatment During Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Telomere Length
Authors: Raffenberg Marieke , Engel Tanja , Schoepf Isabella C , Kootstra Neeltje A , Reiss Peter , Braun Dominique L , Thorball Christian W , Fellay Jacques , Kouyos Roger D , Ledergerber Bruno , Günthard Huldrych F , Tarr Philip E ,   Zurich Primary HIV Infection Study,   Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Telomere length (TL) shortens during aging, HIV seroconversion, and untreated chronic HIV infection. It is unknown whether early antiretroviral therapy (ART) start is associated with less TL shortening during primary HIV infection (PHI).

Methods
We measured TL in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in participants of the Zurich PHI Study with samples available for ≥6 years. We obtained univariable/multivariable estimates from mixed-effects models and evaluated the association of delaying ART start or interrupting ART with baseline and longitudinal TL.

Results
In 105 participants with PHI (median age 36 years, 9% women), median ART delay was 25, 42, and 60 days, respectively, in the first (shortest), second, and third (longest) ART delay tertile. First ART delay tertile was associated with longer baseline TL (P for trend = .034), and longer TL over 6 years, but only with continuous ART (P &lt; .001), not if ART was interrupted ≥12 months (P = .408). In multivariable analysis, participants in the second and third ART delay tertile had 17.6% (5.4%–29.7%; P = .004) and 21.5% (9.4%–33.5%; P &lt; .001) shorter TL, after adjustment for age, with limited effect modification by clinical variables.

Conclusions
In PHI, delaying ART start for even a matter of weeks was associated with significant and sustained TL shortening.
Reduced effectiveness among β-lactam antibiotics: a population-based cohort study in primary care in Italy
Authors: Lapi Francesco , Marconi Ettore , Pecchioli Serena , Lagolio Erik , Rossi Alessandro , Concia Ercole , Cricelli Claudio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
There are few data comparing the relative effectiveness of the individual β-lactams.

Objectives
To quantify the reduced effectiveness, defined as switching to a different antibiotic being prescribed for the same indication, among new users of β-lactam antibiotics in primary care.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Health Search Database, an Italian primary care data source. Patients newly prescribed with β-lactams for a specific indication between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017 were identified. A switch to a different antibiotic for the same indication occurring during a 30day follow-up was the study outcome. Cox regression was adopted to assess the risk of switching between the different β-lactams.

Results
Among 178 256 patients newly treated with β-lactam antibiotics, 1172 (0.65%) switched to a different antibiotic. Amoxicillin/clavulanate (co-amoxiclav: n = 104 891) and amoxicillin (n = 21 699) were the most frequently prescribed β-lactams. The other antibiotics showed significantly higher risk of switching when compared with co-amoxiclav for lower respiratory tract [e.g. ceftriaxone, hazard ratio (HR): 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2–2.0], dental [e.g. amoxicillin, HR: 4.2, 95% CI: 2.9–5.9], and middle ear infections [e.g. amoxicillin, HR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–2.7]. The same results were gathered when parenteral formulations were excluded.

Conclusions
The prevalence of reduced effectiveness of newly prescribed β-lactam antibiotics was lower than 1%. Specifically, the rate of switch to another antibiotic, when it was prescribed to treat low respiratory tract, dental, and middle ear infections, was lower among users of co-amoxiclav than those prescribed with other β-lactams.
Presence–Absence Sampling Plans for Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the Midwest Region of the United States
Authors: Aita Rafael Carlesso , Pezzini Daniela T , Burkness Eric C , DiFonzo Christina D , Finke Deborah L , Hunt Thomas E , Knodel Janet J , Krupke Christian H , Marchi-Werle Lia , McCornack Brian , Michel Andrew P , Philips Christopher R , Seiter Nicholas J , Varenhorst Adam J , Wright Robert J , Hutchison William D , Koch Robert L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Stink bugs represent an increasing risk to soybean production in the Midwest region of the United States. The current sampling protocol for stink bugs in this region is tailored for population density estimation and thus is more relevant to research purposes. A practical decision-making framework with more efficient sampling effort for management of herbivorous stink bugs is needed. Therefore, a binomial sequential sampling plan was developed for herbivorous stink bugs in the Midwest region. A total of 146 soybean fields were sampled across 11 states using sweep nets in 2016, 2017, and 2018. The binomial sequential sampling plans were developed using combinations of five tally thresholds at two proportion infested action thresholds to identify those that provided the best sampling outcomes. Final assessment of the operating characteristic curves for each plan indicated that a tally threshold of 3 stink bugs per 25 sweeps, and proportion infested action thresholds of 0.75 and 0.95 corresponding to the action thresholds of 5 and 10 stink bugs per 25 sweeps, provided the optimal balance between highest probability of correct decisions (≥ 99%) and lowest probability of incorrect decisions (≤ 1%). In addition, the average sample size for both plans (18 and 12 sets of 25 sweeps, respectively) was lower than that for the other proposed plans. The binomial sequential sampling plan can reduce the number of sample units required to achieve a management decision, which is important because it can potentially reduce risk/cost of management for stink bugs in soybean in this region.
Labelled calculi for quantified modal logics with definite descriptions
Authors: Orlandelli Eugenio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe introduce labelled sequent calculi for quantified modal logics with definite descriptions. We prove that these calculi have the good structural properties of G3-style calculi. In particular, all rules are height-preserving invertible, weakening and contraction are height-preserving admissible and cut is syntactically admissible. Finally, we show that each calculus gives a proof-theoretic characterization of validity in the corresponding class of models.
AB Aurigae: possible evidence of planet formation through the gravitational instability
Authors: Cadman James , Rice Ken , Hall Cassandra 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent observations of the protoplanetary disc surrounding AB Aurigae have revealed the possible presence of two giant planets in the process of forming. The young measured age of 1–4 Myr for this system allows us to place strict time constraints on the formation histories of the observed planets. Hence, we may be able to make a crucial distinction between formation through core accretion (CA) or the gravitational instability (GI), as CA formation time-scales are typically Myr whilst formation through GI will occur within the first ≈104–105 yr of disc evolution. We focus our analysis on the 4–13MJup planet observed at R ≈ 30 au. We find CA formation time-scales for such a massive planet typically exceed the system’s age. The planet’s high mass and wide orbit may instead be indicative of formation through GI. We use smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations to determine the system’s critical disc mass for fragmentation, finding Md,crit = 0.3 M⊙. Viscous evolution models of the disc’s mass history indicate that it was likely massive enough to exceed Md,crit in the recent past; thus, it is possible that a young AB Aurigae disc may have fragmented to form multiple giant gaseous protoplanets. Calculations of the Jeans mass in an AB Aurigae-like disc find that fragments may initially form with masses 1.6–13.3MJup, consistent with the planets that have been observed. We therefore propose that the inferred planets in the disc surrounding AB Aurigae may be evidence of planet formation through GI.
GRB160203A: an exploration of lumpy space
Authors: Crisp H , Gendre B , Howell E J , Coward D 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
GRB160203A is a high redshift long gamma-ray burst presenting a collection of unusual features in the afterglow light curve. We study its optical and X-ray data. We find this event to occur within a constant density medium during the first part of the afterglow. However, after 13 ks we spot some flaring activities in the optical and X-ray light curves. We explain these flares by fluctuation of densities of the surrounding medium. Other scenarios, such as energy injection from a magnetar or variation of microphysical parameters are not supported by the data. We tentatively link these fluctuations to an unusual host galaxy, with gas density similar to the Milky Way and a dense cocoon of matter around a stellar progenitor similar to a Wolf–Rayet star. A termination shock scenario is found to be less likely.