bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Assess the Impact of Insecticidal Spray on Leaf Curling Caused Due to Sucking Pest and Phytotoxic Effect of Higher Doses of Insecticides in Chilli
Authors: Thakur Deepak , Upadhyay V. R. , Mukati Sumit 
Published: July 2021

The investigation was carried out at Samajik Vigyan Kendra, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Bordi, Sehore (M.P.)-INDIA during kharif 2018-19. To assess the impact of insecticidal spray on leaf curling caused due to sucking pest and phytotoxic effect of higher doses of insecticides in chilli.The bio-efficacy of three different insecticides, namely (i) Chlorfenapyr 240 SC - spray four time with different-different doses, (ii) Fipronil 5% SC and (iii) Imidacloprid 17.8 SL. One untreated plot was also used to investigate against leaf curl and phytotoxic effect on chilli. Among these insecticides, Chlorfenapyr 240SC doses 288 g.a.i/hac (gram active ingredient per hactare) has least leaf curl indications (9.68%). It’s most effective insecticides in chilli. The least impact of leaf curl recorded in treatment T4- (9.68%) followed by T3- chlorofenapyr (11.88%),T5- Fipronil 5% SC (14.46%), T6- Imidacloprid (16.68%), T2- chlorofenapyr (17.69%) and the most elevated twisting in T7- untreated control (56.29). Further, the phytotoxic effect of treatment T1 - chlorfenapyr and T2 - chlorfenapyr were connected contrasting and T3 - untreated control. In these tried portions no phytotoxic impact likes chlorosis, Epinasty, Necrosis, Scorching , wilting and hyponasty were seen at various interim of perceptions against Chilli crop. The chilli yield was also noted highest in highest dose of T4 (16.0 tonnes ha-1) followed by second highest dose of T3 (15.4 tonnes ha-1), however, it was recorded lowest in untreated control (8.0 tonnes ha-1). The C:B benefit ratio was noted higher in T5- fipronil 5% SC@ 10 g.a.i ha-1 (3.20) followed by T6- imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 50 g.a.i ha-1 (2.99).
Management of Construction and Demolished Waste as an Aggregate Substitute in Cement Concrete
Authors: Mahakud Jayasmita , Mishra Siba Prasad , Mohanty Ramesh Chandra , Panda Sagarika 
Published: July 2021

India is in the process of modernization in the construction sector by repairing, renovation, up-gradation. Presently concrete, the universal building materials whose main ingredient is coarse aggregate. The local natural resources like stone products and sand may exhaust and put the sector deficient of aggregates. The wise use is to reuse recycled concrete and demolition wastes generated from the construction sectors due to shift from horizontal to vertical growth of urban areas. The replacement of recycled coarse aggregate shall efficiently organize the waste management, moderate the environment degradation, and upsurge sustainability.
Use of recycling material in the construction industry as a recycled concrete is highly challenging. So our project deals about reusing of demolished concrete blocks from C &D wastes by form of Recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) are replacing the Natural coarse aggregate in concrete and use in the construction industry. The replacement of RCA in special concrete of 7 and 28 days of curing and the various physical and mechanical properties of materials and strength test of both concrete such as workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. The test value are compared both in concrete.
Our project investigates on recycling demolished waste materials in order to reduce construction cost and resolving housing problems faced by the low-income communities of the world. The crushed demolished concrete wastes is segregated by sieving to obtain required sizes of aggregate, several tests were conducted to determine the aggregate properties before recycling it into new concrete.
Evaluation of Traumatic Injuries of Median and Ulnar Nerves at the Wrist after Surgical Repair: Ultrasound and Electrophysiological Correlation
Authors: Saif Omnia F. , El-khouly Radwa M. , Khallaf Hamdy A. , Rihan Fahima S. , Ghany Salwa E. Abd El 
Published: July 2021

Aims: To quantify the contribution of ultrasonography (US) as a complementary tool to electrodiagnostic evaluation of traumatic lesions of median and ulnar nerves after surgical repair"
Patients and Methods: The study included a total of 50 nerves from 40 patients with traumatic injury of wrist median and/ or ulnar nerves. Patients were evaluated at one and three months after primary nerve repair clinically, electrophysiological, and US examinations.
Results: No significant difference (p = 0.125) was found between classification of injury by electrodiagnosis and by US. Good agreement between clinical assessment of the motor power and the severity of injury based on electrodiagnosis was found. Moderate agreement between clinical assessment of motor power and continuity of the repaired nerve based on US was noted. Good agreement between the severity of the injury by electrodiagnosis and the continuity of the repaired nerve by the US (p <0.001*) was detected. The sensitivity of US in detecting nerve continuity was 87.9% one month after repair and 80% after three months.
Conclusion: As a supplement to electrodiagnostic testing, the US can offer a noninvasive and complementary tool for assessing post-operative repair of traumatic nerve lesions with respect to their exact location, course, continuity, extent, and neuroma formation and can be of value in the visualization of the morphological abnormalities associated with nerve injuries, including swelling and perilesional scar tissue formation.
Study of Serum Pancreatic Amylase and Lipase Enzyme in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bhadarge Gangaram , Dawande Pratibha , Bankar Nandkishor , Kotecha Raunak 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is greatly exacerbated by a complete lack of insulin or insulin resistance. The pancreas is a multicellular organ, the exocrine half accounting for 84% of its volume and the endocrine half accounting for only 2%. Since these two parts of the world have a close relationship with structure and function, the disruption of one can affect the other. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) represents the glycemic status of the patient over the previous three months. Evidence suggests that pancreatic endocrine hormones, especially insulin, affect pancreatic exocrine function. Insulin has a detrimental effect on exocrine acinar cells. Exocrine acinar cells attached to it contain a variety of enzymes, including amylase and lipase, which help digest certain food particles.
Aim: Study of serum pancreatic amylase and lipase enzyme in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was done in the Department of Biochemistry, dept. of medicine and Diabetic OPD, Datta Meghe Medical College and Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Centre, Nagpur. For this study 40 diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients of both sexes with age ranging 35-60 years were selected as study group.
Results: FBS, HbA1C, serum pancreatic amylase, and lipase mean effects between control and patients showed statistically significant differences in type 2 diabetes mellitus (P <0.0001).
Conclusion: We concluded that pancreatic amylase and lipase function are impaired in type 2 patients with diabetes, and this observation is particularly important in type 2 diabetes. It has been suggested that the analysis of pancreatic enzymes in diabetic patients may be a useful parameter in determining the progression of the disease.
General Safety Guidelines for Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Practice in COVID-19 Era
Authors: Gupta Anuya S. , Mohanty Roshni 
Published: July 2021

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) originated in Wuhan, China and has increased rapidly globally, making it a global pandemic. It is proven to spread via respiratory droplets of positive patients. As we are not aware of the COVID 19 status of all patients coming to the OutPatient Department (OPD), it is advisable to consider every patient as COVID 19 positive and take the essential precautions to avoid infection. All health care workers, especially otorhinolaryngologists, respiratory medicine physicians, and general medicine physicians, are more exposed to the virus daily, as they work closely with COVID 19 positive patients while treating them. Otorhinolaryngologists deal with patients' nasal and oral cavities daily, making them one of the most exposed categories of health-care workers. Thus, it is extremely important to remain vigilant when examining patients in OPD wards and performing surgeries in the operating room. Hence, proper knowledge is required of the healthcare system's guidelines in each country to prevent the spread of the infection in the medical and paramedical workers. As the disease is spreading rapidly and changing constantly, these recommendations and guidelines may change as the scenario changes. It is of utmost importance to remain up to date with the upcoming guidelines for our healthcare workers' safety.
This article aims to provide an overview of guidelines for the safe practice of ENT that we follow in our tertiary care center, thus minimizing our exposure to COVID-19.
Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacteria Based on Cationic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Properties
Authors: Ho Po‐Yu , Lee Sin‐Ying , Kam Chuen , Zhu Junfei , Shan Guo‐Gang , Hong Yuning , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Chen Sijie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAntibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the emerging methods for curbing multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections. Effective fluorescent photosensitizers with dual functions of bacteria imaging and PDT applications are highly desirable. In this study, three cationic and heteroleptic cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes with the formula of [Ir(CˆN)2(NˆN)][PF6] are prepared and characterized. These Ir(III) complexes named Ir(ppy)2bP, Ir(1‐pq)2bP, and Ir(2‐pq)2bP are comprised of three CˆN ligands (i.e., 2‐phenylpyridine (ppy), 1‐phenylisoquinoline (1‐pq), and 2‐phenylquinoline (2‐pq)) and one NˆN bidentate co‐ligand (bP). The photophysical characterizations demonstrate that these Ir(III) complexes are red‐emitting, aggregation‐induced emission active luminogens. The substitution of phenylpyridine with phenylquinoline isomers in the molecules greatly enhances their UV and visible‐light absorbance as well as the photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability. All three Ir(III) complexes can stain both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria efficiently. Interestingly, even though Ir(1‐pq)2bP and Ir(2‐pq)2bP are constitutional isomers with very similar structures and similar ROS generation ability in buffer, the former eradicates bacteria much more effectively than the other through white light‐irradiated photodynamic inactivation. This work will provide valuable information on the rational design of Ir(III) complexes for fluorescence imaging and efficient photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.
Zero‐Valent Palladium Single‐Atoms Catalysts Confined in Black Phosphorus for Efficient Semi‐Hydrogenation
Authors: Chen Cheng , Ou Wei , Yam Kah‐Meng , Xi Shibo , Zhao Xiaoxu , Chen Si , Li Jing , Lyu Pin , Ma Lu , Du Yonghua , Yu Wei , Fang Hanyan , Yao Chuanhao , Hai Xiao , Xu Haomin , Koh Ming Joo , Pennycook Stephen J. , Lu Junling , Lin Ming , Su Chenliang , Zhang Chun , Lu Jiong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) represent a new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis due to their remarkable catalytic properties and maximized atomic utilization. However, single atoms often bond to the support with polarized electron density and thus exhibit a high valence state, limiting their catalytic scopes in many chemical transformations. Here, it is demonstrated that 2D black phosphorus (BP) acts as giant phosphorus (P) ligand to confine a high density of single atoms (e.g., Pd1, Pt1) via atomic layer deposition. Unlike other 2D materials, BP with relatively low electronegativity and buckled structure favors the strong confinement of robust zero‐valent palladium SACs in the vacancy site. Metallic Pd1/BP SAC shows a highly selective semi‐hydrogenation of phenylacetylene toward styrene, distinct from metallic Pd nanoparticles that facilitate the formation of fully hydrogenated products. Density functional theory calculations reveal that Pd atom forms covalent‐like bonding with adjacent P atoms, wherein H atoms tend to adsorb, aiding the dissociative adsorption of H2. Zero‐valent Pd in the confined space favors a larger energy gain for the synthesis of partially hydrogenated product over the fully hydrogenated one. This work provides a new route toward the synthesis of zero‐valent SACs on BP for organic transformations.
Monolithic Tandem Multicolor Image Sensor Based on Electrochromic Color‐Radix Demultiplexing
Authors: Choi Young Jin , Jo Sae Byeok , Cho Jeong Ho 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOptical data acquisition has been set as one of the milestones to testify the developments aimed at harnessing the full potential of the spatial and temporal data processing capabilities of the advanced semiconductor technology. A highly promising approach to drive the level of acquisition beyond the current technological node is the vertical integration of multiple photodetectors. However, vertical integration so far requires the same level of circuit complexity as lateral integration from the incapability of monolithic integration. Here, an electrochromic device architecture is introduced that enables realization of a monolithic tandem multicolor photodetector. The device, composed of vertically stacked p‐type and n‐type graphene barristors, is demonstrated to be capable of regulating the balanced charge transport under any desired illumination wavelengths. It exhibits variable anti‐ambipolar charge transport behavior, which yields sensitive voltage‐controlled photoconductive gain spectra. These electrical behaviors are utilized to fabricate an optoelectronic logic sensor that can demultiplex the desired color coordinate or wavelength in the constituent array with high color accuracy.
Utilization of operation data for parameter estimation of simulated moving bed chromatography
Authors: Suzuki Kensuke , Harada Hideki , Sato Kohei , Okada Kazuo , Tsuruta Masaki , Yajima Tomoyuki , Kawajiri Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany model‐based optimization strategies for simulated moving bed (SMB) processes have been proposed to determine operating conditions efficiently; however, there has not been a technique to utilize operation data to enhance the reliability of a mathematical model. This study focuses on developing a parameter estimation method for SMBs to obtain a reliable model utilizing the operation data collected in SMB plants through daily runs, which may contain measurement errors. To use such data, Tikhonov regularization was employed where the regularization parameter is determined by the framework of the discrepancy principle.The potential of our estimation method has been demonstrated by sugar separation described by a nonlinear isotherm. The parameter estimation was conducted with 20 operation data sets from an SMB pilot plant. The prediction of the resulting model was validated against test data sets, and the confidence regions of the parameters were evaluated. These tests confirmed that the model has improved compared with the model initially obtained.
Post‐dural puncture headache following lumbar spinal drain: an atypical presentation with cognitive symptoms
Authors: Partownavid P. , Wang L. , Alaei S. , Rahman S. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryPost‐dural puncture headache is a consequence of cerebrospinal fluid loss, leading to reduced intracranial pressure. Its classical symptoms include a frontal‐occipital headache which is worse on standing, neck stiffness, nausea, hearing loss and photophobia. In this report, we describe an atypical presentation of post‐dural puncture headache in a 72‐year‐old woman following an endovascular repair of an aortic aneurysm, before which a lumbar spinal drain was placed to reduce the risk of spinal cord ischemia. Following drain removal, the patient developed hypoactive delirium, challenges with both depth perception and fine motor skills and a mild headache. An epidural blood patch was performed, which resulted in the complete resolution of her symptoms. This case highlights an atypical presentation of post‐dural puncture headache in an older patient, in whom the major symptoms were cognitive. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage should be considered as a cause of postoperative delirium in patients who have undergone neuraxial anaesthesia.
All‐cellulose composites prepared by partially dissolving cellulose using NaOH/thiourea aqueous solution
Authors: Hu Fuqiang , Wang Miaolin , Wang Na , Hu Yucheng , Gan Meixue , Liu Danqing , Xie Yimin , Feng Qinghua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAll‐cellulose composites (ACCs) were prepared by partially dissolving cellulose in the filter paper using NaOH/thiourea aqueous solution. The effects of dissolution time, thiourea ratio, and temperature on the properties of ACCs were investigated. ACCs were characterized by scanning electron microscope, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and tensile tests. The results revealed that the fibers in ACCs were tightly intertwined. The crystalline form of cellulose in ACCs was transformed from type I to type I/II mixture, and the crystallinity decreased from 77.32 to 51.40%. The tensile strength of ACCs was remarkably improved to 23.16 MPa. The results confirmed ACCs had a high potential for practical applications in the packaging field.
Relative performance of customized and universal probe sets in target enrichment: A case study in subtribe Malinae
Authors: Ufimov Roman , Zeisek Vojtěch , Píšová Soňa , Baker William J. , Fér Tomáš , van Loo Marcela , Dobeš Christoph , Schmickl Roswitha 
Published: July 2021

PremiseCustom probe design for target enrichment in phylogenetics is tedious and often hinders broader phylogenetic synthesis. The universal angiosperm probe set Angiosperms353 may be the solution. Here, we test the relative performance of Angiosperms353 on the Rosaceae subtribe Malinae in comparison with custom probes that we specifically designed for this clade. We then address the impact of bioinformatically altering the performance of Angiosperms353 by replacing the original probe sequences with orthologs extracted from the Malus domestica genome.MethodsTo evaluate the relative performance of these probe sets, we compared the enrichment efficiency, locus recovery, alignment length, proportion of parsimony‐informative sites, proportion of potential paralogs, the topology and support of the resulting species trees, and the gene tree discordance.ResultsLocus recovery was highest for our custom Malinae probe set, and replacing the original Angiosperms353 sequences with a Malus representative improved the locus recovery relative to Angiosperms353. The proportion of parsimony‐informative sites was similar between all probe sets, while the gene tree discordance was lower in the case of the custom probes.DiscussionA custom probe set benefits from data completeness and can be tailored toward the specificities of the project of choice; however, Angiosperms353 was equally as phylogenetically informative as the custom probes. We therefore recommend using both a custom probe set and Angiosperms353 to facilitate large‐scale systematic studies, where financially possible.
The local responses of aquatic ecosystems to adjacent grassland conservation: Can streams of dreams exist in a degraded riverscape?
Authors: Schumann David A. , Graeb Katie N. B. , Pfrimmer Jarrett , Stafford Joshua D. , Chipps Steven R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Landscape homogenization and the removal of riparian areas have altered stream ecosystems worldwide. Numerous conservation programmes attempt to improve water quality and increase instream habitat heterogeneity to elicit desired biological responses. However, the effectiveness of many conservation efforts on isolated stream fragments remains unknown, especially in grassland regions.
The effects of grassland conservation practices and the re‐establishment of riparian corridors in the James River basin, South Dakota (USA) on stream water quality, habitat availability and aquatic macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages were studied in an agriculturally dominated prairie landscape.
Grassland conservation efforts may have repaired riparian condition, reduced turbidity and created more diverse instream habitat complexes at conservation sites based on comparisons with paired reference reaches. Reference sites were relatively homogeneous, with prevalent siltation, bank erosion and disturbances to the riparian vegetation. Owing to significant riparian vegetation development, overhanging and aquatic vegetation, benthic detritus and woody materials were significantly more common at conservation reaches.
Restoration efforts that assume ‘if you (re‐)build it, they will come’ (i.e. the ‘field of dreams’ hypothesis) underestimate other important barriers to biodiversity restoration in dynamic, grassland riverscapes. Although aquatic organisms in grassland ecosystems are adapted to rapidly inhabit available habitats, the development of niche space at conservation reaches did not directly result in colonization by aquatic life.
Grassland management actions did not address stream connectivity issues or overcome land use influences elsewhere in the riverscape that may govern the responses of aquatic macroinvertebrates and fish. Stream fragmentation and continuing, damaging land use patterns seemed to exceed the positive effects of restoring isolated stream reaches in these heavily degraded catchments. Catchment‐scale management strategies that combine reach‐level restoration actions with efforts to improve connectivity are likely to be more successful in degraded riverscapes.
Efficient Design to Monitor the Site‐specific Sustained Release of a Non‐Emissive Anticancer Drug
Authors: Venu Parvathy , Le Trong‐Nghia , Kumar Pawan , Patra Diptendu , Kumar Rajan , Lee Cheng‐Kang , Rao N. Vijayakameswara , Shunmugam Raja 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA pH‐responsive smart nanocarrier with significant components was synthesized by conjugating the non‐emissive anticancer drug methyl orange and polyethylene glycol derived folate moiety to the backbone of polynorbornene. Complete synthesis procedure and characterization methods of three monomers included in the work: norbornene‐derived Chlorambucil (Monomer 1), norbornene grafted with polyethylene glycol, and folic acid (Monomer 2) and norbornene attached methyl orange (Monomer 3) connected to the norbornene backbone through ester linkage were clearly discussed. Finally, the random copolymer CHO PEG FOL METH was synthesized by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using Grubbs′ second‐generation catalyst. Advanced polymer chromatography (APC) was used to find the final polymer‘s molecular weight and polydispersity index (PDI). Dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to explore the prodrug‘s size and morphology. Release experiments of the anticancer drug, Chlorambucil and the coloring agent, methyl orange, were performed at different pH and time. Cell viability assay was carried out for determining the rate of survived cells, followed by the treatment of our final polymer named CHO PEG FOL METH.