bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treating depression and improving adherence in HIV care with task‐shared cognitive behavioural therapy in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Safren Steven A. , O'Cleirigh Conall , Andersen Lena S. , Magidson Jessica F. , Lee Jasper S. , Bainter Sierra A. , Musinguzi Nicholas , Simoni Jane , Kagee Ashraf , Joska John A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionMajor depressive disorder, highly prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) globally, including South Africa, is associated with suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Globally, there are insufficient numbers of mental health providers and tested depression treatments. This study's aim was to test task‐shared cognitive‐behavioural therapy for adherence and depression (CBT‐AD) in HIV, delivered by clinic nurses in South Africa.MethodsThis was a two‐arm randomized controlled effectiveness trial (recruitment: 14 July 2016 to 4 June 2019, last follow 9 June 2020). One‐hundred‐sixty‐one participants with clinical depression and virally uncontrolled HIV were recruited from primary care clinics providing HIV care, in Khayelitsha, South Africa. Arm 1 was task‐shared, nurse‐delivered CBT‐AD; and arm 2 was enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU). Primary outcomes (baseline to 4 months) were blinded Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D) scores, and weekly adherence via real‐time monitoring (Wisepill). Secondary outcomes were adherence and depression over 4‐, 8‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups, proportion of participants with undetectable viremia and continuous CD4 cell counts at 12 months. Additional analyses involved viral load and CD4 over time.ResultsAt 4 months, the HAMD scores in the CBT‐AD condition improved by an estimated 4.88 points more (CI: –7.86, –1.87, p = 0.0016), and for weekly adherence, 1.61 percentage points more per week (CI: 0.64, 2.58, p = 0.001) than ETAU. Over follow‐ups, CBT‐AD had an estimated 5.63 lower HAMD scores (CI: –7.90, –3.36, p < 0.001) and 23.56 percentage points higher adherence (CI: 10.51, 34.21, p < 0.001) than ETAU. At 12 months, adjusted models indicated that the odds of having an undetectable viremia was 2.51 greater at 12 months (CI: 1.01, 6.66, p = 0.047), and 3.54 greater over all of the follow‐ups (aOR = 3.54, CI: 1.59, 20.50; p = 0.038) for those assigned CBT‐AD. CD4 was not significantly different between groups at 12 months or over time.ConclusionsTask‐shared, nurse‐delivered, CBT‐AD is effective in improving clinical depression, ART adherence and viral load for virally unsuppressed PWH. The strategy of reducing depression to allow patients with self‐care components of medical illness to benefit from adherence interventions is one to extend. Implementation science trials and analyses of cost‐effectiveness are needed to translate findings into clinical practice.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02696824 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02696824
Prolonged corticosteroid therapy and cytomegalovirus infection in patients with severe COVID‐19
Authors: Yamamoto Yuji , Shiroyama Takayuki , Hirata Haruhiko , Kuge Tomoki , Matsumoto Kinnosuke , Yoneda Midori , Yamamoto Makoto , Uchiyama Akinori , Takeda Yoshito , Kumanogoh Atsushi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSystemic corticosteroid therapy is frequently used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, its maximum duration without secondary infections remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the utility of monitoring cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in patients with COVID‐19 and estimate the maximum duration of systemic corticosteroid therapy without secondary infections. We included 59 patients with severe COVID‐19 without CMV infection on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). All patients received systemic corticosteroid therapy under invasive mechanical ventilation, with examination for plasma CMV‐deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) levels during the ICU stay. We analyzed the correlations among patient characteristics, CMV infection, diseases, and patient mortality. CMV infections were newly identified in 15 (25.4%) patients; moreover, anti‐CMV treatment was administered to six (10.2%) patients during the ICU stay. Four (6.8%) patients had secondary infection‐related mortality. The cumulative incidences of CMV infection and anti‐CMV treatment during the ICU stay were 26.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.8%–39.0%) and 12.3% (95% CI, 4.8%–23.4%), respectively. Furthermore, the median duration of systemic corticosteroid therapy without CMV infection was 15 days (95% CI, 13–16 days). The presence of CMV infection was associated with mortality during the ICU stay (p = 0.003). Monitoring plasma CMV‐DNA levels could facilitate the detection of secondary CMV infection due to prolonged systemic corticosteroid therapy. The duration of systemic corticosteroid therapy for COVID‐19 should be limited.
Appreciation that inspires: The impact of leader trait gratitude on team innovation
Authors: Li Chenwei , Dong Yuntao , Wu Chia‐Huei , Brown Michael E. , Sun Li‐Yun 
Published: October 2021

SummaryAlthough a leader's affective characteristics are believed to influence team processes and outcomes, the impact of leaders' discrete affective traits on team innovation remains unclear. This study addresses this issue by developing a multistage team‐level model that explains how team leaders' trait gratitude enhances team innovation. Specifically, we draw on the other‐praising perspective of gratitude to predict that leaders with trait gratitude tend to demonstrate humble behavior, which, in turn, promotes team voice and ultimately enhances team innovation. We also incorporate trait activation theory to theorize that leaders' perception of organizational support enhances the impact of trait gratitude on the leaders' humble behavior and its indirect effect on team innovation (via humble behavior and team voice). We found support for our research model using data of 71 teams collected from three sources in four phases. This study offers important insights into how and when leaders with high trait gratitude can foster team innovation and advances the existing gratitude research in the team context.
Tonsillectomy as a risk factor of periodontitis: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Ma Kevin Sheng‐Kai , Wu Meng‐Che , Thota Eshwar , Wang Yu‐Hsun , Alqaderi Hend E. , Wei James Cheng‐Chung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo determine whether patients who had undergone tonsillectomy would have higher risks of postoperative periodontitis.MethodsData were collected from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Dataset from 1999 to 2013, a population‐based cohort study consisting of cases of newly‐onset sleep apnoea, chronic diseases of tonsils and adenoids, peritonsillar abscess, and periodontal diseases. A total of 1482 tonsillectomy cases and 14,796 non‐tonsillectomy controls were selected. Propensity score matching37 between the tonsillectomy group and the non‐tonsillectomy group was conducted to exclude the confounding effect resulting from indications of tonsillectomy. Cox proportional hazard model and subgroup analyses were conducted to identify subpopulations at risk of tonsillectomy‐associated periodontitis, and a sub‐outcome analysis was applied to identify the subtype of tonsillectomy‐associated periodontitis.ResultsA total of 648 patients who had undergone tonsillectomy and 648 out of 6509 propensity score‐matched controls were retrieved, among which 230 cases in the tonsillectomy group were associated with post‐surgical periodontitis (adjusted HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.59). The association persisted in a subpopulation of patients with periodontitis who received mechanical and surgical treatments for periodontitis (adjusted HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.63). The incidence of periodontitis was significantly high in the individuals who underwent tonsillectomy and was particularly high in those that were below 12 years of age (HR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.10 to 2.27). The risk of periodontitis increased 4 years after tonsillectomy (HR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.29 to 2.59). The majority of post‐tonsillectomy periodontitis was aggressive and acute periodontitis (HR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.71).ConclusionsTonsillectomy performed in pediatric patients of < 12 years old, increased the risk of developing periodontitis. Aggressive and acute periodontitis as a long‐term, postoperative adverse event took place at 4 years or longer after tonsillectomy.
Treatment of residual pockets using an oscillating chitosan device versus regular curettes alone—A randomized, feasibility parallel‐arm clinical trial
Authors: Hussain Badra , Karaca Ebru Ozkan , Kuru Bahar Eren , Gursoy Hare , Haugen Håvard Jostein , Wohlfahrt Johan Caspar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundA brush made of chitosan has shown to be an effective and harmless device for non‐surgical treatment of mild to moderate peri‐implantitis. To date, no study has evaluated the use of a chitosan brush in the non‐surgical treatment of residual pockets in periodontal treatment.MethodsSeventy‐eight patients with periodontitis were included in this multicenter, randomized, examiner‐blind clinical trial of 6 months duration. Patients with residual probing pocket depth (PPD) of ≥5 mm and ≤7 mm following previous active periodontal treatment were included. Patients were assigned either subgingival treatment with curettes (control) or an oscillating chitosan brush (test). Changes in bleeding on probing (BoP) and PPD between baseline and terminal evaluation at 6 months were evaluated.ResultsA significant reduction in both PPD and BoP was seen within both groups. There was no significant difference in BoP between test and control groups after 6 months, but the reduction in PPD was significantly improved in the test group (P ≤ 0.01). The combined outcome of no BOP and PPD ≤4 mm was significantly better in the test group (P ≤ 0.01). No adverse reactions were seen.ConclusionTreatment of residual periodontal pockets (PPD = 5 to 7 mm) with a chitosan brush disclosed equal or better clinical results as compared to regular curettes. This study supports that a chitosan brush can be used for subgingival biofilm removal and soft tissue curretage in the treatment of periodontitis.
Combining mercapto‐functionalized palygorskite with zinc affect cadmium phytoavailability and soil microbial activity in rhizosphere soil
Authors: Li Yulong , Gao Chao , Rong Sashuang , Gu Jialin , Zhao Huiwei , Su Shiming , Liu Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCadmium (Cd) pollution in soil poses a grave threat to human health. Combining various approaches to reduce Cd accumulation in crops is an active area of research to remediate farmlands with medium‐high levels of Cd contamination. The Mercapto‐functionalized palygorskite (PGS‐SH) and zinc (Zn) application alone or in combination were investigated to explore the reduction of Cd uptake by B. chinensis L and transformation of Cd in soil. The sole application of Zn or PGS‐SH increased the biomass of B. chinensis L. and decreased the concentration of Cd in plants, but more improvements were observed from the combined application of Zn and PGS‐SH. Low concentration of exogenous Zn (50 mg·kg‐1) significantly increased the soil respiration rate (SRR) and the soil dehydrogenase activity (sDHA), while promoted B. chinensis L. growth while inhibiting Cd uptake. However, excessive exogenous Zn (≥ 200 mg·kg‐1) significantly inhibited B. chinensis L. growth and soil microbial activity. The combined application of PGS‐SH and Zn had the highest sDHA (145.59%) and lowest transport factor (TF) (27.59%) compared with the CK. The combination of PGS‐SH and Zn fertilizer is a safe and effective means to reduce the accumulation of Cd in plants and restore microbial activity.
HER2‐Targeted, Degradable Core Cross‐Linked Micelles for Specific and Dual pH‐Sensitive DOX Release
Authors: Bayram Nazende Nur , Ulu Gizem Tuğçe , Topuzoğulları Murat , Baran Yusuf , Dinçer İşoğlu Sevil 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHere, a targeted, dual‐pH responsive, and stable micelle nanocarrier is designed, which specifically selects an HER2 receptor on breast cancer cells. Intracellularly degradable and stabilized micelles are prepared by core cross‐linking via reversible addition−fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization with an acid‐sensitive cross‐linker followed by the conjugation of maleimide–doxorubicin to the pyridyl disulfide‐modified micelles. Multifunctional nanocarriers are obtained by coupling HER2‐specific peptide. Formation of micelles, addition of peptide and doxorubicin (DOX) are confirmed structurally by spectroscopical techniques. Size and morphological characterization are performed by Zetasizer and transmission electron microscope (TEM). For the physicochemical verification of the synergistic acid‐triggered degradation induced by acetal and hydrazone bond degradation, Infrared spectroscopy and particle size measurements are used. Drug release studies show that DOX release is accelerated at acidic pH. DOX‐conjugated HER2‐specific peptide‐carrying nanocarriers significantly enhance cytotoxicity toward SKBR‐3 cells. More importantly, no selectivity toward MCF‐10A cells is observed compared to HER2(+) SKBR‐3 cells. Formulations cause apoptosis depending on Bax and Caspase‐3 and cell cycle arrest in G2 phase. This study shows a novel system for HER2‐targeted therapy of breast cancer with a multifunctional nanocarrier, which has higher stability, dual pH‐sensitivity, selectivity, and it can be an efficient way of targeted anticancer drug delivery.
A Graphical Pressure Sensor Array with Multilayered Structure Based on Graphene and Paper Substrate
Authors: Ji Chao , Zhang Qiang , Li Qiang , Pei Zhen , Zhao Dong , Yuan Zhongyun , Wang Jie , Cheng Yongqiang , Zhang Wendong , Sang Shengbo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPaper‐based flexible pressure sensors have received extensive attention owing to their recoverability and accessibility. This study, proposes a graphical pressure sensor array with a multilayered structure. A simple writing method is adopted to realize the adsorption of sensitive materials on the fiber structure of cellulose paper. Pressure sensors with 1, 3, 5, and 7 stacked layers are fabricated and compared. The results show that the seven‐layer sensor achieves a high sensitivity (44 kPa–1) and fast time response (less than 150 ms). The highly sensitive stacked paper‐based sensor array realizes the pressure detection in objects and special‐shaped surfaces. A pressure sensor based on a commercial corrugated box is also fabricated for comparison. The corrugated carton array is used to switch the reminder devices for convenience and accessibility. Because many scenarios require a safe distance to be maintained, particularly under the influence of COVID‐19, the writable paper‐based sensor array is used to realize graphical distance perception and provide warnings.
How brand self‐disclosure helps brands create intimacy with customers: The role of information valence and anthropomorphism
Authors: Huaman‐Ramirez Richard , Lunardo Renaud , Vasquez‐Parraga Arturo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough the notion of self‐disclosure has received wide attention since the new millennium, most studies on this topic focus on consumer disclosure, leaving unexamined if brands could benefit from self‐disclosure. Therefore, the question remains unanswered if the positive effects of brand self‐disclosure on important relational and transactional variables observed in other contexts than consumer–brand relationships would be observed if self‐disclosure was made by brands. This study addresses this question, specifically discussing if brand self‐disclosure can enhance brand trust and willingness‐to‐buy (WTB) through the mediating effect of brand intimacy. Results from two scenario‐based experiments indicate that engaging in self‐disclosure—that is, disclosing some information that was kept unknown so far—helps brands create intimacy and trust with consumers, leading these individuals to exhibit higher WTB. Further, results show that all self‐disclosures are not equal, and it is when the brand engages in the disclosure of positive (vs. negative) information that consumers perceive more brand intimacy, and this even more when such information is disclosed in an anthropomorphic manner. These findings thus provide consistent empirical evidence showing that brand self‐disclosure—if providing positive information in an anthropomorphic manner—can serve as a critical tool for brands in their relationships with customers.
Circularly Polarized Light‐Driven Supramolecular Chirality
Authors: Kang Jun Su , Kim Namhee , Kim Taehyung , Seo Myungeun , Kim Byeong‐Su 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroduction of asymmetry into a supramolecular system via external chiral stimuli can contribute to the understanding of the intriguing homochirality found in nature. Circularly polarized light (CPL) is regarded as a chiral physical force with right‐ or left‐handedness. It can induce and modulate supramolecular chirality due to preferential interaction with one enantiomer. Herein, this review focuses on the photon‐to‐matter chirality transfer mechanisms at the supramolecular level. Thus, asymmetric photochemical reactions are reviewed, and the creation of a chiral bias upon CPL irradiation is discussed. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms for the amplification and propagation of the bias into the supramolecular level are outlined based on the nature of the photochromic building block. Representative examples, including azobenzene derivatives, polydiacetylene, bicyclic ketone, polyfluorenes, Cn‐symmetric molecules, and inorganic nanomaterials, are presented.
Demographics, clinical characteristics, and prognostic factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Midwest
Authors: Yamakawa Mai , Dwyer Sally , Song Xing , Statland Jeffrey 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe Midwest has the highest regional prevalence of self‐reported amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the United States, but with limited epidemiological studies. We aimed to explore the characteristics of patients with ALS in the Midwest.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of participants with ALS deceased between January, 2010, and September, 2020, registered with the ALS Association Mid‐America Chapter. Demographics and clinical variables included gender, race/ethnicity, military status, site of onset, interventions (gastrostomy, non‐invasive ventilation, tracheostomy), and visits to ALS Association‐registered clinics. Disease characteristics were compared to the National ALS Registry, and survival analysis was performed followed by sample augmentation with historical data to estimate survival with hypothetical censoring.ResultsThe database included 1447 participants with a mean age at diagnosis of 65.7 ± 11.9 y (>60 y at diagnosis: 72%). The median survival from symptom onset was 28.0 mo (95% confidence limit: 26.3, 29.7); sample augmentation increased this to 41.0 mo (38.5, 43.5). Bulbar onset disease and older age at diagnosis were associated with shorter survival. Participants not followed in ALS‐Association registered clinics were more frequently male, had familial onset and tracheostomy. Veterans (N = 298) were older at diagnosis but had similar survival after adjustment for age.DiscussionsOur cohort had an older age at onset and more frequent bulbar onset than the National ALS Registry, perhaps reflecting ascertainment biases in each registry. Prospective cohort studies with more clinical and functional data are needed to better characterize ALS in Midwest, veterans, and non‐clinic populations, and to optimize care.
Is a passivated back contact always beneficial for Cu (In,Ga)Se2solar cells?
Authors: Tu Ye , Li Yong , Klenk Reiner , Yin Guanchao , Schmid Martina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUltrathin CIGSe solar cells on TCOs (transparent conductive oxides) have many promising potential applications due to their transparency. However, their performance is strongly constrained due to the back contact, often referred to acting as a Schottky junction. In this work, we show that the current limitation due to a back Schottky junction can be responsible for the apparent photocurrent loss and suppression of the forward current, which deteriorates cell performance and leads to the S‐shapedJ‐Vcharacteristics, respectively. However, due to the non‐negligible photocurrent in the back Schottky diode and the current amplification effect of a transistor, cells with a reduced absorber thickness overall exhibit a relieved current suppression, resulting in a lightJ‐Vcurve closer to the one with an Ohmic back contact. Notably, a higher back interface recombination velocity is capable of increasing the forward current of the Schottky diode by recombination, which mitigates the limitation of current flow through the back Schottky junction and thus improves the cell performance. The results show strong implications that introducing high density defects at the back interface is favorable for CIGSe solar cells on TCOs, rather than employing point‐contact structures for interface passivation. This suggests a different path to improve ultrathin CIGSe solar cells on TCOs compared to the devices on Mo with an Ohmic back contact.
Toward defining plasma treatment dose: The role of plasma treatment energy of pulsed‐dielectric barrier discharge in dictating in vitro biological responses
Authors: Lin Abraham , Biscop Eline , Gorbanev Yury , Smits Evelien , Bogaerts Annemie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe energy dependence of a pulsed‐dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment on chemical species production and biological responses was investigated. We hypothesized that the total plasma energy delivered during treatment encompasses the influence of major application parameters. A microsecond‐pulsed DBD system was used to treat three different cancer cell lines and cell viability was analyzed. The energy per pulse was measured and the total plasma treatment energy was controlled by adjusting the pulse frequency, treatment time, and application distance. Our data suggest that the delivered plasma energy plays a predominant role in stimulating a biological response in vitro. This study aids in developing steps toward defining a plasma treatment unit and treatment dose for biomedical and clinical research.