bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health care provider views on the magnitude of overweight/obesity in spinal cord injury and awareness of evidence‐based guidance for weight management
Authors: LaVela Sherri L. , Burkhart Elizabeth , Jones Kayla , Pellegrini Christine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiterature shows that large proportions of people with a spinal cord injury (SCI) continue to experience challenges and limitations in weight management (WM) efforts in the health care setting. Despite the need, evidence‐based research on effective and practical WM practices for persons with SCI is inconsistent and not widely used by health care providers (HCPs).ObjectiveThe objectives were twofold: (1) to explore HCP perspectives of the extent of the problem of overweight/obesity in individuals with SCI and (2) HCPs awareness of and beliefs about availability of literature or evidence‐based guidelines that discuss WM in SCI.DesignQualitative study using semistructured interviews with HCPs and thematic analysis to identify themes.Participants/SettingSCI HCPs (n = 25) from Veterans Health Administration and Midwest Regional SCI Care System.InterventionNot applicable.ResultsSCI HCPs (88%) emphasized the large scope of the problem of overweight and obesity in persons with SCI. HCPs noted the multiple associated negative consequences, specifically 84% highlighted the impact on chronic conditions (cardiometabolic, respiratory) and 48% discussed the impact on secondary/associated conditions (skin, bowel, bladder, musculoskeletal). HCPs noted other impacts of excess weight as greater disability in later life (28%), challenges with mobility and function (60%), self‐care (24%), and equipment safety (28%). This sample of HCPs (76%) indicated being unaware of published or available information about WM efforts that work in SCI populations.ConclusionOur findings indicate that HCPs believe that overweight and obesity is a significant problem in persons with SCI but that this sample of HCPs are not aware of published work and easily accessible SCI‐specific WM evidence‐based guidance. This suggests the need for more education and proactive efforts to improve awareness of appropriate information within interprofessional HCPs.
Current status and prospects of herbicide‐resistant grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Authors: Pandian Balaji A , Sexton‐Bowser Sarah , Prasad PV Vara , Jugulam Mithila 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGrain sorghum is a versatile crop, which can thrive under limited water and other inputs. However, crop loss from weed infestation continues to be a major constraint in grain sorghum production. Particularly, post‐emergence grass weed control is a great challenge in grain sorghum due to the lack of herbicide options. Unlike in other major crops, such as maize or soybean, herbicide‐resistant sorghum technology that can facilitate weed control throughout crop growing season is not available to growers yet. The development of herbicide‐resistant sorghum can have potential to improve weed management, including post‐emergence grass weed control. One of the major concerns in the development of such technology in sorghum is escape of resistance traits into weedy relatives of sorghum (e.g. shattercane and johnsongrass). This review focuses on sources of herbicide resistance in sorghum, the status of the development of herbicide‐resistant sorghum technologies, overview of breeding methods, and limitations in the development of such sorghum technology as well as economic benefits for sorghum growers. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dual protection: A tydeoid mite effectively controls both a problem pest and a key pathogen in tomato
Authors: Pijnakker Juliette , Moerkens Rob , Vangansbeke Dominiek , Duarte Marcus , Bellinkx Stijn , Benavente Alfredo , Merckx Jonas , Stevens Ian , Wäckers Felix 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe tomato russet mite (TRM), Aculops lycopersici, and powdery mildew (PM), Oidium neolycopersici, are two major problems in tomato cultivation for which no effective biocontrol solutions exist to date. In a greenhouse compartment, we investigated the potential of preventatively establishing the iolinid omnivorous mite Pronematus ubiquitus on potted tomato plants to control both pest and pathogen simultaneously.RESULTSUsing Typha pollen, P. ubiquitus established well on tomato plants, with numbers reaching up to 250 motiles per tomato leaflet. The built‐up population was capable of controlling subsequent infestations with both TRM and PM. This represents the first report of an arthropod protecting a crop against pests as well as disease.CONCLUSIONThe implementation of P. ubiquitus in tomato crops could be a real game‐changer as it eliminates the need for repeated pesticide use or sulphur applications. The finding that arthropods can effectively control diseases opens up new opportunities for biological crop protection. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Crosstalk between estrogen, dendritic cells, and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Mateus Daniela , Sebastião Ana Isabel , Carrascal Mylène A. , Carmo Anália do , Matos Ana Miguel , Cruz Maria Teresa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) first appeared in Wuhan and has so far killed more than four million people worldwide. Men are more affected than women by Covid‐19, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind these differences are largely unknown. One plausible explanation is that differences in sex hormones could partially account for this distinct prevalence in both sexes. Accordingly, several papers have reported a protective role of 17β‐estradiol during Covid‐19, which might help explain why women appear less likely to die from Covid‐19 than men. 17β‐estradiol is the predominant and most biologically active endogenous estrogen, which signals through estrogen receptor α, estrogen receptor β, and G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor 1. These receptors are expressed in mature cells from the innate and the adaptive immune system, particularly on dendritic cells (DCs), suggesting that estrogens could modulate their effector functions. DCs are the most specialized and proficient antigen‐presenting cells, acting at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity with a powerful capacity to prime antigen‐specific naive CD8+ T cells. DCs are richly abundant in the lung where they respond to viral infection. A relative increase of mature DCs in broncho‐alveolar lavage fluids from Covid‐19 patients has already been reported. Here we will describe how SARS‐CoV‐2 acts on DCs, the role of estrogen on DC immunobiology, summarise the impact of sex hormones on the immune response against Covid‐19, and explore clinical trials regarding Covid‐19
Condensation of Active Methylene and Substituted Aldehydes over Mesoporous Nickel Oxides Nanostructures: A Combined Experimental and DFT Study
Authors: Khairy Mohamed , Mohamed Mounir , Ismael Mohamed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMesoporous NiO nanoarchitectures (NAs) with controlled hexagonal platelet‐ and flower‐like morphology were synthesized using facile hydrothermal methods in different reaction conditions. The NiO NAs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption /desorption isotherms, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. It was found that controlled morphology, large surface areas, and high crystallinity of NiO NAs offered high catalytic reactivity toward Knoevenagel condensation reactions. Large reaction yields in an aqueous media and easy separation of the NiO NAs without losing the catalytic activity were observed. Further, the formation mechanism of
bonds over NiO NAs surface was explored by density functional theory (DFT). These findings open a new avenue for efficient
bonds formation using reusable NiO NAs catalyst without using any expensive solvents.
Highly Accurate Potential Energy Curves for the Hydrogen Molecular Ion
Authors: Fernández Francisco M. , Garcia Javier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPotential energy curves of the hydrogen molecular ion in the Born‐Oppenheimer approximation are computed by means of the Riccati‐Padé method (RPM). The convergence properties of the method are analysed for different states. The equilibrium internuclear distance, as well as the corresponding electronic plus nuclear energy, and the associated separation constants, are computed to 40 digits of accuracy for several bound states. For the ground state the same parameters are computed with more than 100 digits of accuracy. Additional benchmark values of the electronic energy at different internuclear distances are given for several additional states. The software implementation of the RPM is given under a free software license. The results obtained in the present work are the most accurate available so far, and further additional benchmarks are made available through the software provided.
Self‐compacting high‐performance fiber concrete for foundations: Part 1 ‐experimental verification and design considerations
Authors: Walraven Joost , Droogné Didier , Grünewald Steffen , Taerwe Luc , Cotovanu Bogdan , Rovers John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn investigation is carried out into the applicability of self‐compacting high‐performance fiber concrete (HPFC) in foundations. A concrete mixture has been designed with a concrete cube strength of about 110 MPa. The concrete contains 60 kg/m3 steel fibers. The properties of the HPFC developed are very suitable for structural applications, especially because the post‐cracking tensile strength, provided by the fibers, is higher than the axial tensile strength of the concrete so that hardening in tension occurs after crack formation, often characterized by multiple cracking. This not only results in a high bearing capacity but as well in substantial durability. As a potential application foundation elements are considered. Experiments have been carried out to determine the pre‐ and post‐cracking strength properties, the shear resistance of short beams with loads near to the supports, the anchorage length of reinforcing bars, and the shear capacity of pile caps. The results of the tests are used for verification of the applicability of the general design rules for fiber concrete, as found in the fib Model Code 2010, to the HPFC developed. The HPFC developed is characterized by high strength and ductility, is durable and self‐compacting. The research program showed that the design of structures with the HPFC considered can be based on existing design rules with some extensions.
The effect of chemical treatment of the sheep embryo zona pellucida on the ability of blastocysts to hatch after vitrification and warming
Authors: Mousavi Fatemeh‐Sadat , Ahmadi Ebrahim , Shirazi Abolfazl , Shams‐Esfandabadi Naser , Nazari Hassan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe embryo release from the zona pellucida is of prerequisites of successful implantation.ObjectivesRegarding the negative impact of embryo cryopreservation on the blastocysts hatchability, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of treating embryonic zona pellucida with pronase or acidic Tyrode's solution (ATS) before morula formation on the viability, freezability, and hatchability of vitrified‐warmed resulted blastocysts.MethodsIn the first experiment, the zona pellucida of 3‐ and 4‐day‐old embryos were treated with the above compounds for 30 or 45 s. Then, the competency of the treated embryos to reach to blastocyst stage and the hatchability of resulting blastocysts were investigated. In the second experiment, the cryo‐survivability and hatching rate of blastocysts resulting from 3‐day‐old embryos treated with pronase and ATS for 30 s were tested.ResultsIn the first experiment and in contrast to the 45 s exposure, 30‐s exposure of embryos to pronase or ATS did not have negative effect on the viability and development of embryos to blastocyst stage. In the second experiment, the freezability of blastocysts derived from 3‐day‐old embryos treated with pronase and ATS for 30 s was not different from that of the control group. However, the hatching rate of the pronase group was significantly higher than that of the control group.ConclusionThe results of the present study showed that reducing the thickness of zona pellucida of sheep embryos with pronase had no negative effect on the developmental competency and freezability of the treated embryos and improved the hatchability of vitrified‐warmed blastocysts.
Overview of accurate coresets
Authors: Jubran Ibrahim , Maalouf Alaa , Feldman Dan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA coreset of an input set is its small summarization, such that solving a problem on the coreset as its input, provably yields the same result as solving the same problem on the original (full) set, for a given family of problems (models/classifiers/loss functions). Coresets have been suggested for many fundamental problems, for example, in machine/deep learning, computer vision, databases, and theoretical computer science. This introductory paper was written following requests regarding the many inconsistent coreset definitions, lack of source code, the required deep theoretical background from different fields, and the dense papers that make it hard for beginners to apply and develop coresets. The article provides folklore, classic, and simple results including step‐by‐step proofs and figures, for the simplest (accurate) coresets. Nevertheless, we did not find most of their constructions in the literature. Moreover, we expect that putting them together in a retrospective context would help the reader to grasp current results that usually generalize these fundamental observations. Experts might appreciate the unified notation and comparison table for existing results. Open source code is provided for all presented algorithms, to demonstrate their usage, and to support the readers who are more familiar with programming than mathematics.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining
Technologies > Machine Learning
Micro‐RNAs: A safety net to protect hematopoietic stem cell self‐renewal
Authors: Crisafulli Laura , Ficara Francesca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe hematopoietic system is sustained over time by a small pool of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). They reside at the apex of a complex hierarchy composed of cells with progressively more restricted lineage potential, regenerative capacity, and with different proliferation characteristics. Like other somatic stem cells, HSCs are endowed with long‐term self‐renewal and multipotent differentiation ability, to sustain the high turnover of mature cells such as erythrocytes or granulocytes, and to rapidly respond to acute peripheral stresses including bleeding, infections, or inflammation. Maintenance of both attributes over time, and of the proper balance between these opposite features, is crucial to ensure the homeostasis of the hematopoietic system. Micro‐RNAs (miRNAs) are short non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally upon binding to specific mRNA targets. In the past 10 years they have emerged as important players for preserving the HSC pool by acting on several biological mechanisms, such as maintenance of the quiescent state while preserving proliferation ability, prevention of apoptosis, premature differentiation, lineage skewing, excessive expansion, or retention within the BM niche. miRNA‐mediated posttranscriptional fine‐tuning of all these processes constitutes a safety mechanism to protect HSCs, by complementing the action of transcription factors and of other regulators and avoiding unwanted expansion or aplasia. The current knowledge of miRNAs function in different aspects of HSC biology, including consequences of aberrant miRNA expression, will be reviewed; yet unsolved issues will be discussed.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
Jet quenching from heavy to light ion collisions
Authors: Zakharov B. G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We perform an analysis of jet quenching in heavy and light ion collisions for scenarios without and with quark-gluon plasma formation in pp collisions. We find that the results for these scenarios are very similar, and both of them are in reasonable agreement with data for heavy ion collisions. However, their results become differ significantly for light nuclei. Using the parameters fitted to heavy ion data on the nuclear modification factor RAA, we make predictions for 0.2 and 7 TeV O+O collisions that can be verified by future experiments at RHIC and the LHC.
Operator lifetime and the force-free electrodynamic limit of magnetised holographic plasma
Authors: Poovuttikul Napat , Rajagopal Aruna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Using the framework of higher-form global symmetries, we examine the regime of validity of force-free electrodynamics by evaluating the lifetime of the electric field operator, which is non-conserved due to screening effects. We focus on a holographic model which has the same global symmetry as that of low energy plasma and obtain the lifetime of (non-conserved) electric flux in a strong magnetic field regime. The lifetime is inversely correlated to the magnetic field strength and thus suppressed in the strong field regime.
Gedanken experiments at high-order approximation: Kerr black hole cannot be overspun
Authors: Sang Aofei , Jiang Jie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Sorce and Wald proposed a new version of gedanken experiments to examine the weak cosmic censorship conjecture (WCCC) in Kerr-Newmann black holes. However, their discussion only includes the second-order approximation of perturbation and there exists an optimal condition such that the validity of the WCCC is determined by the higher-order approximations. Therefore, in this paper, we extended their discussions into the high-order approximations to study the WCCC in a nearly extremal Kerr black hole. After assuming that the spacetime satisfies the stability condition and the perturbation matter fields satisfy the null energy condition, based on the Noether charge method by Iyer and Wald, we completely calculate the first four order perturbation inequalities and discuss the corresponding gedanken experiment to overspin the Kerr black hole. As a result, we find that the nearly extremal Kerr black holes cannot be destroyed under the fourth-order approximation of perturbation. Then, by using the mathematical induction, we strictly prove the nth order perturbation inequality when the first (n − 1) order perturbation inequalities are saturated. Using these results, we discuss the first 100 order approximation of the gedanken experiments and find that the WCCC in Kerr black hole is valid under the higher-order approximation of perturbation. Our investigation implies that the WCCC might be strictly satisfied in Kerr black holes under the perturbation level.
Novel wall-crossing behaviour in rank one $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2* gauge theory
Authors: Rüter Philipp , Szabo Richard J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study the BPS spectrum of four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(2) and a massive adjoint hypermultiplet, which has an extremely intricate structure with infinite spectrum in all chambers of its Coulomb moduli space, and is not well understood. We build on previous results by employing the BPS quiver description of the spectrum, and explore the qualitative features in detail using numerical techniques. We find novel and unexpected behaviour in the form of wall-crossings involving interactions between BPS particles with negative electric-magnetic pairings, which we interpret in terms of the reverse orderings of the usual wall-crossing formulas for rank one $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 field theories. This identifies new a priori unrelated states in the spectrum.
Audit of the first > 7500 noninvasive prenatal aneuploidy tests in a Swiss genetics center
Authors: Bajka Anahita , Bajka Michael , Chablais Fabian , Burkhardt Tilo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is actually the most accurate method of screening for fetal chromosomal aberration (FCA). We used pregnancy outcome record to evaluate a complete data set of single nucleotide polymorphism-based test results performed by a Swiss genetics center.

Materials and methods
The Panorama® test assesses the risk of fetal trisomies (21, 18 and 13), gonosomal aneuploidy (GAN), triploidy or vanishing twins (VTT) and five different microdeletions (MD). We evaluated all 7549 test results meeting legal and quality requirements taken in women with nondonor singleton pregnancies between April 2013 and September 2016 classifying them as high or low risk. Follow-up ended after 9 months, data collection 7 months later.

Results
The Panorama® test provided conclusive results in 96.1% of cases, detecting 153 FCA: T21 n = 76, T18 n = 19, T13 n = 15, GAN n = 19, VTT n = 13 and MD n = 11 (overall prevalence 2.0%). Pregnancy outcome record was available for 68.6% of conclusive laboratory results, including 2.0% high-risk cases. In this cohort the Panorama® test exhibited 99.90% sensitivity for each trisomy; specificity was 99.90% for T21, 99.98% for T18 and 99.94% for T13. False positive rate was 0.10% for T21, 0.02% for T18 and 0.06% for T13.

Conclusion
SNP-based testing by a Swiss genetics center confirms the expected accuracy of NIPT in FCA detection.
The clinical relevance of formal thought disorder in the early stages of psychosis: results from the PRONIA study
Authors: Oeztuerk Oemer Faruk , Pigoni Alessandro , Wenzel Julian , Haas Shalaila S. , Popovic David , Ruef Anne , Dwyer Dominic B. , Kambeitz-Ilankovic Lana , Ruhrmann Stephan , Chisholm Katharine , Lalousis Paris , Griffiths Sian Lowri , Lichtenstein Theresa , Rosen Marlene , Kambeitz Joseph , Schultze-Lutter Frauke , Liddle Peter , Upthegrove Rachel , Salokangas Raimo K. R. , Pantelis Christos , Meisenzahl Eva , Wood Stephen J. , Brambilla Paolo , Borgwardt Stefan , Falkai Peter , Antonucci Linda A. , Koutsouleris Nikolaos ,   the PRONIA Consortium
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundFormal thought disorder (FTD) has been associated with more severe illness courses and functional deficits in patients with psychotic disorders. However, it remains unclear whether the presence of FTD characterises a specific subgroup of patients showing more prominent illness severity, neurocognitive and functional impairments. This study aimed to identify stable and generalizable FTD-subgroups of patients with recent-onset psychosis (ROP) by applying a comprehensive data-driven clustering approach and to test the validity of these subgroups by assessing associations between this FTD-related stratification, social and occupational functioning, and neurocognition.Methods279 patients with ROP were recruited as part of the multi-site European PRONIA study (Personalised Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management; www.pronia.eu). Five FTD-related symptoms (conceptual disorganization, poverty of content of speech, difficulty in abstract thinking, increased latency of response and poverty of speech) were assessed with Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS).ResultsThe results with two patient subgroups showing different levels of FTD were the most stable and generalizable clustering solution (predicted clustering strength value = 0.86). FTD-High subgroup had lower scores in social (pfdr< 0.001) and role (pfdr < 0.001) functioning, as well as worse neurocognitive performance in semantic (pfdr< 0.001) and phonological verbal fluency (pfdr < 0.001), short-term verbal memory (pfdr = 0.002) and abstract thinking (pfdr = 0.010), in comparison to FTD-Low group.ConclusionsClustering techniques allowed us to identify patients with more pronounced FTD showing more severe deficits in functioning and neurocognition, thus suggesting that FTD may be a relevant marker of illness severity in the early psychosis pathway.