bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatic Involvement in Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome
Authors: Gavazzi Francesco , Cross Zachary M. , Woidill Sarah , McMann Joseph M. , Rand Elizabeth B. , Takanohashi Asako , Ulrick Nicole , Shults Justine , Vanderver Adeline L. , Adang Laura 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a monogenic type-I interferonopathy that results in neurologic injury. The systemic impact of sustained interferon activation is less well characterized. Liver inflammation is known to be associated with the neonatal form of AGS, but the incidence of AGS-related hepatitis across lifespan is unknown.We compared natural history data including liver enzyme levels with markers of inflammation, (liver-specific autoantibodies and interferon signaling gene expression[ISG] scores). Liver enzymes were classified as normal or elevated by the fold increase over the upper limit of normal (ULN). The highest increases were designated as hepatitis, defined as aspartate-aminotransferase or alanine-aminotransferase threefold ULN, or gamma-glutamyl transferase 2.5-fold ULN. A larger cohort was used to further characterize the longitudinal incidence of liver abnormalities and the association with age and genotype.Across the AGS cohort (n = 102), elevated liver enzymes were identified in 76 individuals (74.5%) with abnormalities at a level consistent with hepatitis in 29 individuals (28.4%). SAMHD1 mutations were less likely to be associated with hepatitis (log-rank test; p = 0.011). Hepatitis was associated with early-onset disease and microcephaly (log-rank test; microcephaly p = 0.0401, age onset p = 0.0355). While most subjects (n = 20/33) were found to have liver-specific autoantibodies, there was no association between the presence of autoantibodies or ISG scores with hepatitis-level enzyme elevations.In conclusion, all genotypes of AGS are associated with transient elevations of liver enzymes and the presence of liver-associated autoantibodies. This adds to our growing understanding of the systemic pathology AGS.
An in vivo screen of noncoding loci reveals that
Daedalus
is a gatekeeper of an Ikaros-dependent checkpoint during haematopoiesis
Authors: Harman Christian C. D. , Bailis Will , Zhao Jun , Hill Louisa , Qu Rihao , Jackson Ruaidhrí P. , Shyer Justin A. , Steach Holly R. , Kluger Yuval , Goff Loyal A. , Rinn John L. , Williams Adam , Henao-Mejia Jorge , Flavell Richard A. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
The development of lymphocytes is critical for host immunity and relies on a series of developmental checkpoints regulated by key transcription factors such as Ikaros. We hypothesized that nonprotein-coding loci might represent an additional layer of control in lymphocyte development. We identified a noncoding region (Daedalus) whose absence leads to a profound loss of Ikaros protein and a severe reduction in early lymphocyte progenitors. In contrast to Ikaros deletion, removal of Daedalus also led to an increase in red-blood-cell colony formation, suggesting that Daedalus functions as a lineage-specific stabilizer of Ikaros activity, thus acting as a “gatekeeper” of a newly identified lymphoid-erythroid checkpoint. This finding presents a paradigm potentially applicable to the control of all developmental programs.
Orthogonal immunoassays for IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 antigens reveal that immune response lasts beyond 4 mo post illness onset
Authors: Sasisekharan Varun , Pentakota Niharika , Jayaraman Akila , Tharakaraman Kannan , Wogan Gerald N. , Narayanasami Uma 
Published: January 2021

Significance
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage our society, posing serious economic, social, health, and educational concerns in communities. Understanding the human humoral immune response to COVID-19 infection will greatly inform public health measures to help contain the spread of the disease in the foreseeable future. Here, we present an orthogonal approach to SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing using distinct viral antigens. Using this testing platform, we conducted a community-based analysis of patients with varying experiences with COVID-19. The data from our study show correlations between IgG titer and clinical features (i.e. length and severity of COVID-19 illness) and that IgG titers against SARS-CoV-2 may persist for more than 4 mo post onset of COVID-19 illness.
Association of methotrexate use and lymphoproliferative disorder in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Results from a Japanese multi-institutional retrospective study
Authors: Honda Suguru , Sakai Ryoko , Inoue Eisuke , Majima Masako , Konda Naoko , Takada Hideto , Kihara Mari , Yajima Nobuyuki , Nanki Toshihiro , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the risk factors and clinical characteristics of lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe enrolled patients with RA aged ≥20 years who visited the participating hospitals between April 2011 and July 2011. We investigated the risk factors for LPD using a Cox proportional hazard model and described pathological features and vital prognosis of LPD in patients with RA.ResultsWe enrolled 9815 patients with the following characteristics at baseline: female 79.4%, median age 63 years; median disease duration 7 years; median DAS28-CRP (3) 3.1; prevalence of MTX use 60.0%. Sixty-eight patients (0.69%) developed LPD in 3-year observation period. Multivariable analysis showed that age by decade (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.47 [1.18–1.85]) and MTX use at baseline (2.35 [1.25–4.42] for ≤8 mg/week, 4.39 [2.07–9.32] for &gt;8 mg/week versus non-use) were significant risk factors of LPD. Of 55 patients with pathological diagnosis, diffuse large B cell lymphoma was the most frequent (54%). The 5-year mortality of LPD was 24%. The major cause of death was lymphoma (81%).ConclusionThis nationwide study revealed risk factors, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of LPD in the largest number of Japanese patients with RA.
Agreement of maximal lactate steady state with critical power and physiological thresholds in rowing
Authors: Possamai Leonardo Trevisol , Borszcz Fernando Klitzke , de Aguiar Rafael Alves , de Lucas Ricardo Dantas , Turnes Tiago 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was threefold: (a) to compare the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) with critical power (CP); (b) to describe the relationship of MLSS with rowing performances; and (c) to verify the agreement of MLSS with several exercise intensity thresholds in rowers. Fourteen male rowers (mean [SD]: age = 26 [13] years; height = 1.82 [0.05] m; body mass = 81.0 [7.6] kg) performed on a rowing ergometer: (I) discontinuous incremental test with 3 min stages and 30‐s recovery intervals (INC3min); (II) continuous incremental test with 60‐s stages (INC1min); (III) two to four constant workload tests to determine MLSS; and (IV) performance tests of 500, 1000, 2000 and 6000 m to determine CP. Twenty‐seven exercise intensity thresholds based on blood lactate, heart rate and ventilatory responses were determined by incremental tests, and then compared with MLSS. CP (257 [38] W) was higher than MLSS (187 [25] W; p < 0.001), with a very large mean difference (37%), large typical error of estimate (14%) and moderate correlation (r = 0.48). Despite the correlations between MLSS and most intensity thresholds (r > 0.70), all presented low correspondence (TEE > 5%), with a lower bias found between MLSS and the first intensity thresholds (−12.5% to 4.1%). MLSS was correlated with mean power during 500 m (r = 0.65), 1000 m (r = 0.86) and 2000 m (r = 0.78). In conclusion, MLSS intensity is substantially lower than CP and presented low agreement with 27 incremental‐derived thresholds, questioning their use to estimate MLSS during rowing ergometer exercise.Highlights
MLSS was substantially lower than CP in rowing exercise with a mean difference of 37%, much larger than the difference commonly found in running and cycling exercise (i.e., ?10%).
A clear disagreement was reported between MLSS and 27 physiological thresholds determined in different incremental tests.
There is a positive association of MLSS with 500, 1000 and 2000 m rowing ergometer performance tests.
On the dynamics of a motorcycle weave
Authors: Zizler Peter , Sobhanzadeh Mandana , Ittyipe Ron 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
While riding a motorcycle the rider can find the handlebars along with the motorcycle frame to begin to oscillate at a high frequency. This motorcycle weave can be very dangerous as its frequency can be high at high speeds of the motorcycle. We collect evidence as how to avoid this motorcycle weave by numerically analyzing the eigenvalues of a certain matrix polynomial arising from the linearized model for the motorcycle motion. Among other suggestions, our simulations confirm that the rider leaning forward indeed mitigates such a high-speed motorcycle weave. Our model provides a prediction as to what attributes of the motorcycle increase or decrease the chances of the weave occurring.
Successive Lorentz transformations for energy and momentum. Application: relativistic elastic scattering of two particles having non-collinear velocities and its dependence on Thomas rotation
Authors: Chamseddine Riad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Successive Lorentz transformations (SLT) for energy and momentum are derived, and the involved Thomas rotation angle (TRA) is highlighted. In particular, if the axes of the coordinate systems related by SLT are suitably chosen, the SLT for energy and momentum do not depend on the TRA explicitly and take a form analogous to that of the Lorentz transformation for energy and momentum. Then the study of dynamical problems involving SLT becomes as easy as that of dynamical problems involving a Lorentz transformation. Those results are applied to the study of a relativistic elastic scattering of two particles having non-collinear velocities as a dynamical problem involving SLT. The expressions for the energies and momentums of the scattered particles in the laboratory system are obtained in terms of the TRA. If the considered particles are protons with given non-collinear velocities, the TRA, the energies and directions of the scattered protons are determined. Original diagrams for momentum are obtained.
Semi-classical methods, angular momentum, and non-analytic problems
Authors: Mann Nelia , Matli Jessica , Pham Tuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We explore the semi-classical Sommerfeld method of quantization as applied to states with nonzero angular momentum, and show that it leads to qualitatively and quantitatively useful information about systems with spherically symmetric potentials. We begin by reviewing the traditional application of this model to hydrogen, and discuss the way Einstein–Brillouin–Keller (EBK) quantization resolves a mismatch between Sommerfeld states and true quantum mechanical states. We then analyze systems with logarithmic and Yukawa potentials, and compare the results of Sommerfeld and EBK quantization to those from solving Schrödinger’s equation. We show that the semi-classical quantization techniques provide insight into the spread of energy levels associated with a given principle quantum number, as well as giving quantitatively accurate approximations for the energies. We also argue that analyzing systems in this manner involves an interesting application of numerical methods, as well as providing insight into the connections between classical and quantum mechanical physics.
How can the nucleus be lighter than its constituents?
Authors: Bomark N-E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The fact that the nucleus is lighter than its constituents, seems rather strange. How can the whole have a smaller mass than its components? To get some intuition about how this is possible, one can look at a simpler more familiar system exhibiting the same phenomena; the hydrogen atom. It turns out that the same is true here; the hydrogen atom is a little bit lighter than the sum of its constituents. This difference corresponds to the ionisation energy of hydrogen. This observation allows a simple explanation for how this is possible; the destructive interference between the electric fields of the proton and electron causes a reduction in the energy of the electric field and hence a reduction in the contribution to the mass of the system from the electric field energy. The same explanation can be extended to the nucleus, thus giving some intuition about how this mass reduction happens. In the process, the idea of classical particles being ball-like objects with localised properties, is challenged.
Recovering a potential in damped wave equation from Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator
Authors: Romanov Vladimir , Hasanov Alemdar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The inverse problem of recovering the potential q(x) in the damped wave equation

m

(

x

)

u

t
t

+
μ

(

x

)

u

t

=

r

(

x

)

u

x

x

+
q

(

x

)

u

, (x, t) ∈ Ω
T
≔ (0, ℓ) × (0, T) subject to the boundary conditions u(0, t) = ν(t), u(ℓ, t) = 0, from the Neumann boundary measured output f(t) ≔ r(0)u

x
(0, t), t ∈ (0, T] is studied. The approach proposed in this paper allows us to derive behavior of the direct problem solution in the subdomains defined by characteristics of the wave equation and along the characteristic lines, as well. Based on these results, a local existence theorem and the stability estimate are proved. The compactness and Lipschitz continuity of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator are derived. Fréchet differentiability of the Tikhonov functional is proved and an explicit gradient formula is derived by means of an appropriate adjoint problem. It is proved that this gradient is Lipschitz continuous.
Unique continuation from a generalized impedance edge-corner for Maxwell’s system and applications to inverse problems
Authors: Diao Huaian , Liu Hongyu , Zhang Long , Zou Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider the time-harmonic Maxwell system in a domain with a generalized impedance edge-corner, namely the presence of two generalized impedance planes that intersect at an edge. The impedance parameter can be 0, ∞ or a finite non-identically vanishing function. We establish an accurate relationship between the vanishing order of the solutions to the Maxwell system and the dihedral angle of the edge-corner. In particular, if the angle is irrational, the vanishing order is infinity, i.e. strong unique continuation holds from the edge-corner. The establishment of those new quantitative results involve a highly intricate and subtle algebraic argument. The unique continuation study is strongly motivated by our study of a longstanding inverse electromagnetic scattering problem. As a significant application, we derive several novel unique identifiability results in determining a polyhedral obstacle as well as its surface impedance by a single far-field measurement. We also discuss another potential and interesting application of our result in the inverse scattering theory related to the information encoding.
Monte Carlo event generation of neutrino–electron scattering
Authors: Zhuridov Dmitry , Sobczyk Jan T , Juszczak Cezary , Niewczas Kajetan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We describe an extension of the NuWro Monte Carlo neutrino event generator with the neutrino–electron scattering processes. This new dynamical channel includes the charged current and neutral current interactions, together with their interference, for ν

ℓ

e and

ν

̄

ℓ

e

(ℓ = e, μ, τ) scatterings, resulting in ten possible final states. We illustrate the performance of the new functionality on few physical examples, including an estimation of the background in the T2K ν

μ
→ ν

e
oscillation experiment. We show that the background events arising from the neutrino–electron interactions occupy mostly a distinct region of the phase space and can be easily separated.
Incorporation of Si atoms into CrCoNiFe high-entropy alloy: a DFT study
Authors: Aravindh S Assa , Kistanov Andrey A , Alatalo Matti , Kömi Jukka , Huttula Marko , Cao Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Density functional theory based computational study has been conducted in order to investigate the effect of substitution of Cr and Co components by Si on the structure, mechanical, electronic, and magnetic properties of the high entropy alloy CrCoNiFe. It is found that the presence of a moderate concentration of Si substitutes (up to 12.5%) does not significantly reduce the structural and mechanical stability of CrCoNiFe while it may modify its electronic and magnetic properties. Based on that, Si is proposed as a cheap and functional material for partial substitution of Cr or Co in CrCoNiFe.
Possible quadrupole order in tetragonal Ba2CdReO6 and chemical trend in the ground states of 5d
1 double perovskites
Authors: Hirai Daigorou , Hiroi Zenji 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The synthesis and physical properties of the double perovskite (DP) compound Ba2CdReO6 with the 5d
1 electronic configuration are reported. Three successive phases originating from a spin–orbit-entangled J
eff = 3/2 state, confirmed by a reduced effective magnetic moment of 0.72 μ
B, were observed upon cooling. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed a structural transition from a high-temperature cubic structure to a low-temperature tetragonal structure at T
s = 170 K, below which the J
eff = 3/2 state was preserved. Magnetization, heat capacity, and thermal expansion measurements showed two more electronic transitions to a possible quadrupole ordered state at T
q = 25 K and an antiferromagnetic order of dipoles with a ferromagnetic moment of ∼0.2 μ
B at T
m = 12 K. These properties were compared with those of the DP's sister compounds Ba2
BReO6 (B = Mg, Zn, and Ca) and the chemical trend is discussed in terms of the mean-field theory for spin–orbit-coupled 5d electrons (2010 Chen et al Phys. Rev. B
82 174440). The DP Ba2
BReO6 compounds provide a unique opportunity for a systematic investigation of symmetry breaking in the presence of multipolar degrees of freedom.
Superconductivity and strong anharmonicity in novel Nb–S phases
Authors: Lucrezi Roman , Heil Christoph 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work we explore the phase diagram of the binary Nb–S system from ambient pressures up to 250 GPa using ab initio evolutionary crystal structure prediction. We find several new stable compositions and phases, especially in the high-pressure regime, and investigate their electronic, vibrational, and superconducting properties. Our calculations show that all materials, besides the low-pressure phases of pure sulfur, are metals with low electron–phonon (ep) coupling strengths and critical superconducting temperatures below 15 K. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of phonon anharmonicity on lattice dynamics, ep interactions, and superconductivity for the novel high-pressure phase of Nb2S, demonstrating that the inclusion of anharmonicity stabilizes the lattice and enhances the ep interaction.
Probing energy dissipation in molecular-scale junctions via surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy: vibrational pumping and hot carrier enhanced light emission
Authors: Zhu Yunxuan , Natelson Douglas , Cui Longji 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Experimentally resolving the microscopic energy dissipation and redistribution pathways in a molecular-scale junction, the smallest possible nanoelectronic device, is of great current interest. Here we report measurements of the vibrational pumping and light emission processes in current-carrying molecular junctions using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. We show that the heating of vibrational modes exhibits distinct features when the molecular junctions are driven by electrical bias or optical power. We further discuss the hot carrier origin of the broadband continuum emission observed in the Raman scattering spectrum.
Pinning and rotation of a skyrmion in Co nanodisk with nanoengineered point and ring defects
Authors: Song Chengkun , Jin Chendong , Xia Haiyan , Yunxu Ma , Wang Jianing , Liu Qingfang , Wang Jianbo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions have been proposed as promising information carriers in the application of spintronics, while the material imperfections are inevitable, thus an understanding of pinning effects on skyrmions in confined geometry is crucial for both fundamental research and development of spintronic devices. Here, we present the interactions of a skyrmion with a point and an extended ring defect, in a Co nanodisk which can be applied in skyrmion oscillator, based on micromagnetic simulations. By comparing with the skyrmion preferred position which is in the nanodisk center without defects, we identify the pinning strength and skyrmion preferred positions with a point defect as a function of skyrmion-defect distance and different local parameters of defect region being considered. The pinning centers range from skyrmion center, domain wall and off-center regions. We find a confinement effect on the skyrmion size with a ring defect. Moreover, we also show the rotation of the skyrmion in the presence of a ring defect, that can lead to a variation of oscillation frequency in a large range. These findings provide a complete understanding of the interaction between skyrmion and defects in a nanodisk and may provide a guidance for the design of skyrmion oscillators.
Enhanced high temperature ferromagnetism in Bi1−x

R

x
FeO3 (R = Dy, Y) compounds
Authors: Zhang N , Ding J Q , Wang Y P , Liu X N , Li Y Q , Liu M F , Fu Z M , Yang Y W , Su J , Song G L , Yang F , Guo Y Y , Liu J-M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work we report experimental evidence for the weak high-temperature ferromagnetism in Bi1−x

R

x
FeO3 (R = Dy, Y) compounds by systematic characterizations, excluding the possible side-effects from other iron-based impurities. Remarkable saturated magnetic moment was observed in the Y-substituted samples, Bi1−x
Y
x
FeO3, which is larger than the moment obtained in Bi1−x
Dy
x
FeO3, the Dy-substituted samples with antiferromagnetic background. The physical origin of the weak ferromagnetic transition is discussed and serious lattice distortions have been identified based on the x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering data, although the rhombohedral structure symmetry remains unchanged upon the substitutions. It is believed that the structural distortion suppressed cycloid spin structure is the main factor for the enhanced magnetization in Bi1−x

R

x
FeO3 compounds. Additionally, the Dy3+–Fe3+ antiferromagnetic coupling, which strengthens the antiferromagnetic interaction in Bi1−x
Dy
x
FeO3 compounds, acts as the driving force for the magnetic discrepancy between Bi1−x
Y
x
FeO3 and Bi1−x
Dy
x
FeO3 samples.
Magnetic impurity in a triple-component semimetal
Authors: Lee Yu-Li , Lee Yu-Wen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We investigate the effects of a magnetic impurity in a multiband touching fermion system, specifically, a triple-component semimetal with a flat band, which can be realized in a family of transition metal silicides (CoSi family). When the chemical potential coincides with the flat band, it is expected that the impurity response of this system will be very different from that of an ordinary Dirac or Weyl semimetal of which the density of states at the Fermi level vanishes. We first determine the phase diagram within the mean-field approximation. Then, we study the local moment regime by employing two different methods. In the low temperature regime, the Kondo screening is analyzed by the variational wavefunction approach and the impurity contributions to the magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity are obtained, while at higher temperature, we use the equation of motion approach to calculate the occupation number of the impurity site and the impurity magnetic susceptibility. The results are compared and contrasted with those in the usual Fermi liquid and the Dirac/Weyl semimetals.