bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criminological Violence Research in the Balkans: Context and Setting
Authors: Getoš Kalac Anna-Maria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Balkans may very well be considered a criminological spacesui generis. As a whole, the region shares more common traits internally than it does externally towards its European context. Therefore, it is necessary to explain the region’s particularities, as relevant for understanding (lethal) violence and criminological research more generally speaking. The purpose of this chapter is to embed the BHS and its key findings in their Balkan-specific historical, religious, legal, and criminal justice context, while providing insights into the region’s criminological research setting. After having read through this chapter, one should be able to understand not only the challenges but also the benefits of conducting criminological research in the Balkans. One should thus be able to mentally explore the region as a kind of criminologically uncharted territory in order to map its full potential for the further study of crime and harmful behavior – both, with regard to homicide research and countless other criminological topics. Doing empirical researchinandonthe Balkans is in practice extremely challenging and exhausting, as we shall see, but at the same time proves to be tremendously rewarding, especially if one considers research to be an adventure and oneself a discoverer.
The Balkan Homicide Study: Research Design and Operationalization
Authors: Getoš Kalac Anna-Maria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides indispensable insights into the BHS research design and its practical operationalization. The chapter’s leitmotiv is that there is no perfect empirical violence research – with each study we come a bit closer to revealing few of the many unknowns of (lethal) violence, while making valuable mistakes that open new lines of research. In that sense, the most meaningful way of handling the methodological and practical imperfections of the BHS is to be transparent and objective about the crucial “whys and hows” of its research design. After explaining the study’s two core objectives, the main methodological decisions and challenges will be presented. This includes various aspects of designing and using a unique instrument for data collection, sampling strategies, data representativeness, normative and statistical context, as well as field work and data analysis challenges. The chapter’s aim is to realistically depict all the methodological ups and downs of the BHS. It will equip readers with all the necessary information needed to arrive at own, potentially even divergent, conclusions on the study’s first findings.
Diskurs hin zu einer unterrichtszentrierten Schulentwicklung in Richtung personalisierten Lernens
Authors: Galle Marco 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Diskurs hin zu einer Schul- und Unterrichtsentwicklung in Richtung personalisierten Lernens wird im Folgenden entlang von zwei Diskussionssträngen beschrieben: Erstens wird der deutschsprachige Schulentwicklungsdiskurs dargestellt, in dem Prozessgestaltung, Potenziale und Herausforderungen in der Weiterentwicklung von Einzelschulen erörtert werden (Abschnitt 2.1) und zunehmend die Unterrichtsentwicklung ins Zentrum gestellt wird (Abschnitt 2.2). Um den Bereich der Unterrichtsentwicklung näher beleuchten zu können und Merkmale didaktischen Handelns für verstehensbezogene und nachhaltige Lernprozesse eruieren zu können, orientiert sich diese Arbeit zweitens am Diskurs der pädagogisch-psychologischen Lehr- und Lernforschung. Insbesondere die Frage nach einer stärker personalisierten Gestaltung von Lehr- und Lernprozessen steht hier im Fokus (Abschnitt 2.3).
Zusammenfassung und Forschungsfragen
Authors: Galle Marco 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungSchulleitende und Lehrpersonen stehen vor der Herausforderung eines zunehmenden Gestaltwandels des Unterrichts: Ein ausschließlich eng geführter Klassenunterricht, in dem Lehrpersonen als reine Stoffvermittlerinnen und Stoffvermittler lehren, gilt kaum noch als probates didaktisches Lernsetting, um heterogenen Lerngruppen, digitalem Lernen oder der Leitidee der Kompetenzorientierung gerecht zu werden. Auch in einer sich wandelnden Schule bleibt jedoch das Ziel bestehen, kognitiv aktivierende, auf Verstehen ausgerichtete Lernprozesse anzuregen, in denen Schülerinnen und Schüler eigenständig und aktiv in einer Lerngemeinschaft wirken und sich als mitverantwortlich für das Erreichen der eigenen Lern- und Kompetenzziele erleben (Oelkers & Reusser, 2008).
Methodisches Vorgehen
Authors: Galle Marco 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungVor dem im theoretischen Teil dargelegten Hintergrund wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit die folgende übergeordnete Frage untersucht: Wie gestalten Lehrpersonen und Schulleitenden in elf Schulen des perLen-Projekts (personalisierte Lernkonzepte in heterogenen Lerngruppen) ihre unterrichtszentrierte Schulentwicklung in Richtung personalisierten Lernens? Zu deren Klärung werden zwei Studien durchgeführt: eine Längsschnittanalyse qualitativer Daten (Studie 1) und eine transformative Mixed-Methods-Analyse (Studie 2). Nach der Beschreibung des Designs beider Studien (Abschnitt 6.1) folgt die Charakterisierung der elf Schulen umfassenden Stichprobe (Abschnitt 6.2).
Diskussion und Ausblick
Authors: Galle Marco 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDen in dieser Arbeit untersuchten Schulen ist gemeinsam, dass sie sich auf den Weg gemacht haben, ihren Unterricht in Richtung einer stärkeren Personalisierung der Lehr- und Lernprozesse weiterzuentwickeln. Erkennbar wird dies daran, dass alters- und/oder leistungsdurchmischte Lerngruppen gebildet werden, Unterrichtsstunden in geführte und offene Unterrichtsphasen unterteilt werden, das Spektrum von Lehr- und Lernformen sowie die Formen der Lernunterstützung erweitert werden und die Aufgabenkultur weiterentwickelt wird.
The Development of Co-Occurrent Anxiety and Externalizing Problems from Early Childhood: a Latent Transition Analysis Approach
Authors: Isdahl-Troye Aimé , Villar Paula , Domínguez-Álvarez Beatriz , Romero Estrella , Deater-Deckard Kirby 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResearch into co-occurrent internalizing and externalizing problems during childhood is flourishing. In particular, investigation on the association between anxiety and externalizing problems has yielded mixed findings, focused mainly on the issue of which problem might precede the other, and what role anxiety plays with respect to externalizing problems. Relatively little attention has been paid to the developmental patterns of these behaviors from early childhood, despite the potential of such knowledge to fully delineate etiological models of co-occurrence. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal association of anxiety and externalizing problems in a community sample of preschoolers (ELISA Project; N = 2,341; 48.2% girls), by identifying empirically derived profiles and then describing their change and stability through the use of Latent Transition Analysis. Gender differences were explored. Four different profiles were identified: “typically developing”, “mainly anxious”, “modestly externalizing” and “co-occurrent”. Membership in these profile groups showed high stability over a two-year period. However, children in the “co-occurrent” profile group were the most likely to show changes, predominantly towards “modestly externalizing”. Furthermore, a significant gender difference for transitions towards the “co-occurrent” profile group was found, with girls showing less likelihood of being assigned to such profile. These findings show that it is possible to identify an early persistent course of co-occurrent anxiety and externalizing problems, as well as observe changes in co-occurrence towards a simpler externalizing behavioral expression. Further research should explore predictors of group membership and changes in membership, that are malleable and therefore open to preventative intervention.
Rail Surface Defect Detection and Analysis Using Multi-Channel Eddy Current Method Based Algorithm for Defect Evaluation
Authors: Park Jeong Won , Lee Taek Gyu , Back In Chul , Park Sang Jun , Seo Jong Min , Choi Won Jae , Kwon Se Gon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe railroad rail support trains and contributes to their operation. Internal and surface defects occur on the rail due to various combinations of causes including fatigue loading and cyclic tension and compression among others from the deterioration of the rail along with the temperature differences of seasonal changes. Surface defects such as head check, shelling, and squats start out in the rail head and become internal defects due to poor maintenance, ultimately resulting in rail failure. In order to prevent rail failure, it is important that defects are identified through nondestructive evaluation (NDE) in advance and to carry out maintenance techniques including grinding. NDE methods include MFL, EMAT, and ECT, and among these, the ECT method is a representative method with excellent detection sensitivity that nondestructively inspects metal surfaces such as rails and pipes using an electromagnetic field. Also, since the defect signal is obtained as an electrical signal, the depth, length, and width of defects can be assessed using a defect evaluation algorithm. This study investigated the field applicability and future practical use of the 16 channel eddy current testing equipment and defect evaluation algorithm developed in this study. Therefore, the field applicability of the equipment and defect evaluation algorithm was investigated through the detection of artificial defects with varying size and depth. Afterwards, future practical use was evaluated by inspection of areas of rail that are in use and with naturally occurring surface defects and analysis of their size (length, width), depth, and phenomena.
Using Infinite-server Resource Queue with Splitting of Requests for Modeling Two-channel Data Transmission
Authors: Bushkova Tatyana , Moiseeva Svetlana , Moiseev Alexander , Sztrik János , Lisovskaya Ekaterina , Pankratova Ekaterina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNew Radio Access Technology 3GPP New Radio has become the fundamental wireless technology in the fifth-generation networks, which allows us to achieve high data rates due to the ability to work in the millimeter-wave band. But the key feature and the main problem of 5G New Radio networks is that people themselves, cars, buildings, etc. are signal blockers, while the base stations of the fourth generation networks have widescreen broadcasting and such small obstacles do not cause loss of connection. Service providers and mobile operators are already testing the proposed technology. In this connection, the scientific community has the task of analyzing the performance of these systems and increasing it in the future. Currently, there are known studies of “basic” mathematical models of such networks. By this term, we mean models built in the simplest possible assumptions. However, due to the justified necessity of introducing new technology into the daily lives of subscribers, service providers pose the scientific community with the task of analyzing the effectiveness of the most appropriate mathematical models. For example, a technology of splitting transmitted data into two streams using as 5G and both 4G transmission technologies is considered now by 3GPP Project Coordination Group. The paper is devoted to such a problem. We consider a mathematical model of the message transmitting with the implementation of the splitting function in the communication networks of New Radio technology in the form of a resource queueing system with a renewal arrival process and non-exponential service. For this problem, an approximation of a stationary two-dimensional probability distribution of the number of occupied resources in parallel service units is obtained. It is shown that this approximation coincides with the Gaussian distribution, and its area of applicability is shown.
A REALIZATION OF THE ENVELOPING SUPERALGEBRA
Authors: DU JIE , FU QIANG , LIN YANAN 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn [2], Beilinson–Lusztig–MacPherson (BLM) gave a beautiful realization for quantum
$\mathfrak {gl}_n$
via a geometric setting of quantum Schur algebras. We introduce the notion of affine Schur superalgebras and use them as a bridge to link the structure and representations of the universal enveloping superalgebra
${\mathcal U}_{\mathbb Q}(\widehat {\mathfrak {gl}}_{m|n})$
of the loop algebra
$\widehat {\mathfrak {gl}}_{m|n}$
of
${\mathfrak {gl}}_{m|n}$
with those of affine symmetric groups
${\widehat {{\mathfrak S}}_{r}}$
. Then, we give a BLM type realization of
${\mathcal U}_{\mathbb Q}(\widehat {\mathfrak {gl}}_{m|n})$
via affine Schur superalgebras.The first application of the realization of
${\mathcal U}_{\mathbb Q}(\widehat {\mathfrak {gl}}_{m|n})$
is to determine the action of
${\mathcal U}_{\mathbb Q}(\widehat {\mathfrak {gl}}_{m|n})$
on tensor spaces of the natural representation of
$\widehat {\mathfrak {gl}}_{m|n}$
. These results in epimorphisms from
$\;{\mathcal U}_{\mathbb Q}(\widehat {\mathfrak {gl}}_{m|n})$
to affine Schur superalgebras so that the bridging relation between representations of
${\mathcal U}_{\mathbb Q}(\widehat {\mathfrak {gl}}_{m|n})$
and
${\widehat {{\mathfrak S}}_{r}}$
is established. As a second application, we construct a Kostant type
$\mathbb Z$
-form for
${\mathcal U}_{\mathbb Q}(\widehat {\mathfrak {gl}}_{m|n})$
whose images under the epimorphisms above are exactly the integral affine Schur superalgebras. In this way, we obtain essentially the super affine Schur–Weyl duality in arbitrary characteristics.
Mediterranean fruit fly genes exhibit different expression patterns between heat and cold treatments
Authors: Anantanawat Kay , Papanicolaou Alexie , Hill Kelly , Xu Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInvasive Tephritid fruit flies are a global threat to both agriculture and horticulture industries. Biosecurity has played a critical role in reducing their damage but becomes more and more challenging after several key chemical pesticides were banned or withdrawn for health or environmental reasons. This has led to non-chemical approaches including heat and cold treatments being broadly utilized to get rid of fruit fly infestation. However, the molecular mechanisms to kill the flies underlying these stressors are not clear yet. This knowledge will certainly help refine current post-harvest treatment strategies and develop more efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly approaches for fruit fly management. Previously, the molecular response of the Mediterranean fruit fly,Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann) to heat was examined thoroughly, in which 31 key genes were identified with significant changes in expression levels and their high-resolution expression timeline was constructed across 11 timepoints. However, whether these candidate genes respond to cold in the same way was unknown. Here, a temperature bioassay was conducted and the expression profiles of these genes were investigated across the same 11 timepoints using cold treatment. The results showed that most of candidate genes exhibited divergent expression profiles compared to heat treatment, suggesting that the fly molecular response to cold may be different from those to heat. This study provides new knowledge of Tephritid fruit fly response to cold at a molecular level, which could aid in improving current fruit fly management and facilitate the development of new strategies to control this serious horticultural insect pest.
The audiovestibular profile of Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome
Authors: Omar R , Rajput K , Sirimanna T , Rajput S , Pagarkar W 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBrown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome, a rare disorder associated with motor, sensory and cranial nerve neuropathy, is caused by mutations in riboflavin transporter genes SLC52A2 and SLC52A3. Hearing loss is a characteristic feature of Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome and has been shown in recent studies to be characterised by auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder.MethodThis study reports the detailed audiovestibular profiles of four cases of Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome with SLC52A2 and SLC52A3 mutations. All of these patients had auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder.ResultsThere was significant heterogeneity in vestibular function and in the benefit gained from cochlear implantation. The audiological response to riboflavin therapy was also variable, in contrast to generalised improvement in motor function.ConclusionWe suggest that comprehensive testing of vestibular function should be conducted in Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome, in addition to serial behavioural audiometry as part of the systematic examination of the effects of riboflavin.
Case Report of a 33-year-old with Ebstein malformation of tricuspid valve and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Saedi Sedigheh , Pashapour Pooneh , Houshmand Golnaz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEbstein malformation of tricuspid valve is a congenital disease of tricuspid valve with associated right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a form of inherited left ventricular cardiomyopathy caused by sarcomeric protein gene mutations with inherent risks of sudden cardiac death. Here we report a rare case with co-occurrence of Ebstein malformation of tricuspid valve and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a young patient.
A Comparison of Time‐Frequency Signal Processing Methods for Identifying Non‐Perennial Streamflow Events From Streambed Surface Temperature Time Series
Authors: Partington D. , Shanafield M. , Turnadge C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe determination of flow state remains an important challenge in non‐perennial stream catchments. To identify periods of flow and no‐flow, previous studies deployed temperature sensors on streambed surfaces and interpreted the resulting time series data using a moving standard deviation approach. However, this technique requires the specification of multiple, subjective constraints. To identify suitable alternative approaches, we tested six time‐frequency analysis methods from three categories: (a) Fourier transform, (b) wavelet transform, and (c) empirical mode decomposition. We compared each of the methods abilities to discern periods of flow from synthetic and field data of streambed temperature time series data. When tested using a synthetically generated data set, the efficacy of methods ranged from moderate to high, with 86%–99% accuracy. When applied to a field data set, greater variability in performance was observed, with 66%–90% accuracy. This accuracy represents a sound ability to determine the percentage of time for which a stream flows and does not flow. However, in the presence of a noisy signal, determining the number of specific flow events as well as correctly identifying timing of activation and cessation remains a challenge that most methods struggled with; this has implications for understanding eco‐hydrological functioning. Differences observed between methods included variations in the ease of implementation and evaluation of results, as well as computational requirements and the ability to handle discontinuous time series data. Based on these results, we suggest five areas for future research to improve the general understanding of time‐frequency analysis techniques amongst practicing hydrologists.
Microbiota-derived lactate promotes hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis by inducing stem cell factor production from leptin receptor+ niche cells
Authors: Lee Yong-Soo , Kim Tae-Young , Kim Yeji , Kim Seungil , Lee Su-Hyun , Seo Sang-Uk , Zhou Bo O. , Eunju O. , Kim Kwang Soon , Kweon Mi-Na 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough functional interplay between intestinal microbiota and distant sites beyond the gut has been identified, the influence of microbiota-derived metabolites on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remains unclear. This study investigated the role of microbiota-derived lactate in hematopoiesis using mice deficient in G-protein-coupled receptor (Gpr) 81 (Gpr81−/−), an established lactate receptor. We detected significant depletion of total HSCs in the bone marrow (BM) of Gpr81−/− mice compared with heterogenic (Gpr81+/−) mice in a steady state. Notably, the expression levels of stem cell factor (SCF), which is required for the proliferation of HSCs, decreased significantly in leptin receptor-expressing (LepR+) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) around the sinusoidal vessels of the BM from Gpr81−/− mice compared with Gpr81+/− mice. Hematopoietic recovery and activation of BM niche cells after irradiation or busulfan treatment also required Gpr81 signals. Oral administration of lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) activated SCF secretion from LepR+ BM MSCs and subsequently accelerated hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis. Most importantly, LAB feeding accelerated the self-renewal of HSCs in germ-free mice. These results suggest that microbiota-derived lactate stimulates SCF secretion by LepR+ BM MSCs and subsequently activates hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis in a Gpr81-dependent manner.
LINC01342 silencing upregulates microRNA-508-5p to inhibit progression of lung cancer by reducing cysteine-rich secretory protein 3
Authors: Shen Qiming , Xu Zhe , Sun Guanghao , Wang Haoyou , Zhang Lin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical players during cancer progression. Nevertheless, the effect of most lncRNAs in lung cancer (LC) remains unclear. We aimed to explore the role of LINC01342 in LC development through the microRNA-508-5p (miR-508-5p)/cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP3) axis. LINC01342, miR-508-5p, and CRISP3 expression in clinical samples and cell lines were determined, and their correlations in LC were analyzed. The prognostic role of LINC01342 in LC patients was evaluated. LC cells were screened and, respectively, transfected to alter the expression of LINC01342, miR-508-5p, and CRISP3. Then, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of transfected LC cells were determined, and the in vivo tumor growth was observed as well. Binding relationships between LINC01342 and miR-508-5p, and between miR-508-5p and CRISP3 were identified. LINC01342 and CRISP3 were upregulated and miR-508-5p was downregulated in LC tissues and cells. High LINC01342 expression indicated a poor prognosis of LC patients. The LINC01342/CRISP3 silencing or miR-508-5p elevation inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of LC cells and promoted LC cell apoptosis, and also suppressed the in vivo tumor growth. LINC01342 bound to miR-508-5p and miR-508-5p targeted CRISP3. LINC01342 plays a prognostic role in LC and LINC01342 silencing upregulates miR-508-5p to inhibit the progression of LC by reducing CRISP3.