bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hollow Ti3C2 MXene/Carbon Nanofibers as an Advanced Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Seo Darae , Kim Mee‐Ree , Kyu Song Jin , Kim Eunji , Koo Jaseung , Kim Ki‐Chul , Han Hee , Lee Yonghee , Won Ahn Chi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are rechargeable batteries that have attracted great interest as next‐generation energy storage devices that will lead future energy technologies because of their various excellent advantages. Two‐dimensional (2D) MXene‐based LIBs have been actively investigated because of their high energy/power density and good performance at high charge/discharge rates. However, three major limitations of 2D MXene electrodes – self‐stacking, low specific surface area, and disturbance of Li+ diffusion by surface terminations – have hindered the commercialization of MXene‐based LIBs. Herein, we fabricate 1D hollow Ti3C2Tx MXene/carbon (MX/C) nanofibers via an electrospinning process and use them as anode materials in LIBs. Compared with the pristine 2D MXene (MX) paste electrode and MXene/carbon (MX/C) paste electrode, the hollow MX/C nanofibers electrode exhibits a greater specific surface area, less self‐stacking of flakes, and surface functional groups tailored for LIBs. The LIBs based on the hollow electrode exhibit a higher energy density (306.5 mA h g−1 at 40 mA g−1) than those with the MX paste electrode (81.08 mA h g−1 at 40 mA g−1) and MX/C paste electrode (196.9 mA h g−1 at 40 mA g−1). In addition, the hollow MX/C nanofiber electrode shows a high reversible capacity, proving that it is a promising anode material for LIBs.
Regulation of Electrocatalytic Activity by Local Microstructure: Focusing on the Catalytic Active Zone
Authors: Bian Juanjuan , Wei Chenyang , Wen Yunzhou , Zhang Bo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTraditional regulation methods of active sites have successfully optimized the performance of electrocatalysts, but seem unable to achieve further breakthrough in the catalytic activity. Unlike the conventional viewpoint of focusing on single active site, the concept of local microstructure active zone is more comprehensive and new methods to regulate the reaction zone for electrocatalytic reactions are developed accordingly. The local microstructure active zone refers to the zone with high catalytic activity formed by the interaction between active atoms and neighboring coordination atoms as well as the surrounding environment. Instead of the traditional single active atom site, the active zone is more suitable for the actual electrochemical reaction process. According to this concept, the activity of electrocatalysts can be coordinated by multiple active atoms. This strategy is beneficial for understanding the relationship between material, structure, and catalysis, which realizes the design and synthesis of high‐performance electrocatalysts. This review provides the research progress of this strategy for electrocatalytic reactions, with emphasis on their applications in oxygen evolution reaction, urea oxidation reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction.
Rational Design and Facile Synthesis of Dual‐State Emission Fluorophores: Expanding Functionality for the Sensitive Detection of Nitroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Chen Si‐Hong , Luo Shi‐He , Xing Long‐Jiang , Jiang Kai , Huo Yan‐Ping , Chen Qi , Wang Zhao‐Yang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSix novel benzimidazole‐based D‐π‐A compounds4 a–4 fwere concisely synthesized by attaching different donor/acceptor units to the skeleton of 1,3‐bis(1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)benzene on its 5‐position through an ethynyl link. Due to the twisted conformation and effective conjugation structure, these dual‐state emission (DSE) molecules show intense and multifarious photoluminescence, and their fluorescence quantum yields in solution and solid state can be up to 96.16 and 69.82 %, respectively. Especially, for excellent photostability, obvious solvatofluorochromic and extraordinary wide range of solvent compatibility, DSE molecule4 ais a multifunctional fluorescent probe for the visual detection of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) with the limit of detection as low as 10−7M. The quenching mechanism has been proved as the results of photoinduced electron transfer and fluorescence resonance energy transfer processes. Importantly, probe4 acan sensitively detect NACs not only in real water samples, but also on4 a‐coated strips and4 a@PBAT thin films.
Association between bicuspid aortic valve phenotype and patterns of valvular dysfunction: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Mai Zhenzhen , Guan Lina , Mu Yuming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundValvular dysfunction is a common complication in patients with bicuspid aortic valves (BAV). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between BAV morphology patterns and valve dysfunction.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CNKI until May 31, 2020, to identify all studies investigating the morphology of BAV and valvular dysfunction, and data were extracted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). Data were analyzed using Stata 15.1 software. The additional characteristics (gender, mean age) were collected to perform a meta‐regression analysis.ResultsThirteen studies on BAV‐RL (n = 2002) versus BAV‐RN (n = 1254) and raphe (n = 4001) versus without raphe (n = 673) were included. The BAV‐RL patients showed a higher incidence of aortic regurgitation than BAV‐RN patients (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.90, p = .005), while the BAV‐RL patients showed a lower incidence of aortic stenosis than BAV‐RN patients (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.76, p = .000); BAV patients with raphe presents a higher incidence of aortic regurgitation than those without raphe (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.12–3.39, p = .017). No differences were found between raphe and without raphe group in the incidence of aortic stenosis (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.53 to 1.76, p = .907). Mean age and gender had no influence on observed differences.ConclusionsOur results confirmed a relationship between different BAV phenotypes and aortic valve dysfunction. BAV‐RL and BAV with raphe are more likely to develop aortic regurgitation, while patients with BAV‐RN present a higher possibility to develop aortic stenosis.
Single‐Cell Sorting of Non‐human Primate Adipocytes with Large‐particle Flow Cytometry
Authors: Robino Jacob J. , Kim Yongwoon , Varlamov Oleg 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFluorescence‐activated cell sorting enables separation and analysis of heterogeneous cell populations based on size, granularity, and fluorescence intensity. Cell sorting has been widely used for isolation of cells that are ∼10 to 25 μm in diameter. By contrast, cell sorting of unilocular adipocytes isolated from white adipose tissue imposes a significant technological challenge. The combination of their large size (up to 200 μm) and the fragile nature of lipid‐laden adipocytes requires the use of specialized flow cytometers equipped with a large nozzle and capable of using low pressure to reduce shear forces during the cell sorting process. Furthermore, isolation of single adipocytes is rarely performed due to the lack of specialized cell sorters that can dispense single adipocytes into individual wells. Conducting cell sorting on single adipocytes would enable analyses of the cell‐autonomous heterogeneity in nutrient uptake and metabolism observed in white adipose tissue. In this protocol, we describe single‐cell sorting of rhesus macaque adipocytes labeled with fluorescent fatty acid and live‐cell indicators using large‐particle flow cytometry. This methodology represents a valuable resource for basic and translational studies aimed at understanding the development and function of adipocytes. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Single‐cell flow sorting of adipocytes
Circuit theory approach to stability and passivity analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems
Authors: Ates Muzaffer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we address the problem of global asymptotic stability and strong passivity analysis of nonlinear time‐varying systems controlled by a second‐order vector differential equation. First, we obtain this equation from a nonlinear time varying network of the circuit theory. Then, we construct the Lyapunov candidate function directly from the physical meaning of the given system. By the way, we review a number of previous results from the point view of Lyapunov's direct method. Our system with its real energy function generalize and improve upon some well‐known studies. The new concept facilitates the formulation of the energy (Lyapunov) function from the power‐energy relationship of the given system. Then, we also realized that the time derivative of the Lyapunov function for a given dynamical systems is the negative value of the power dissipated in the system. Therefore, with the proposed approach, one can inspect the result of the time derivative of the energy function for a given physical system. Finally, two examples (one with simulations) are used to illustrate the superiority and validity of the obtained results.
Estrogen receptor variant ERα46 and insulin receptor drive in primary breast cancer cells growth effects and interleukin 11 induction prompting the motility of cancer‐associated fibroblasts
Authors: Cirillo Francesca , Pellegrino Michele , Talia Marianna , Perrotta Ida Daniela , Rigiracciolo Damiano Cosimo , Spinelli Asia , Scordamaglia Domenica , Muglia Lucia , Guzzi Rita , Miglietta Anna Maria , De Francesco Ernestina Marianna , Belfiore Antonino , Maggiolini Marcello , Lappano Rosamaria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmong the prognostic and predictive biomarkers of breast cancer (BC), the role of estrogen receptor (ER)α wild‐type has been acknowledged, although the action of certain ERα splice variants has not been elucidated. Insulin/insulin receptor (IR) axis has also been involved in the progression and metastasis of BC. For instance, hyperinsulinemia, which is often associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, may be a risk factor for BC. Similarly, an aberrant expression of IR or its hyperactivation may correlate with aggressive BC phenotypes. In the present study, we have shown that a novel naturally immortalized BC cell line (named BCAHC‐1) is characterized by a unique expression of 46 kDa ERα splice variant (ERα46) along with IR. Moreover, we have shown that a multifaceted crosstalk between ERα46 and IR occurs in BCAHC‐1 cells upon estrogen and insulin exposure for growth and pulmonary metastasis. Through high‐throughput RNA sequencing analysis, we have also found that the cytokine interleukin‐11 (IL11) is the main factor linking BCAHC‐1 cells to breast cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In particular, we have found that IL11 induced by estrogens and insulin in BCAHC‐1 cells regulates pro‐tumorigenic genes of the “extracellular matrix organization” signaling pathway, such as ICAM‐1 and ITGA5, and promotes both migratory and invasive features in breast CAFs. Overall, our results may open a new scientific avenue to identify additional prognostic and therapeutic targets in BC.
Hsa_circ_0001666 suppresses the progression of colorectal cancer through the miR‐576‐5p/PCDH10 axis
Authors: Zhou Jiahui , Wang Lu , Sun Qingyang , Chen Ranran , Zhang Chuan , Yang Peng , Tan Yuqian , Peng Chaofan , Wang Tuo , Jin Chi , Ji Jiangzhou , Jin Kangpeng , Sun Yueming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThough circular RNAs, new non‐coding RNA classes have demonstrated that they have an essential role in the initiation as well as development of CRC (colorectal cancer), whereas in CRC the function and mechanism of hsa_circ_0001666 are less known.MethodsHsa_circ_0001666 was identified by bioinformatics analysis of a circRNA microarray from the GEO database, and its expression in both CRC cell lines and tissues was analysed. A series of in vitro along with in vivo experiments were carried out for exploring the hsa_circ_0001666 functions, including transwell, wound healing, flow cytometry, colony formation, Edu, CCK‐8, soft agar colony formation, tumor xenografts and lung/liver metastasis in mice. RNA pull‐down, RIP (RNA immunoprecipitation), luciferase reporter assay, FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) and rescue experiments were used for determining the correlation among hsa_circ_0001666, miR‐576‐5p and PCDH10.ResultsHsa_circ_0001666 was downregulated in both CRC cell lines along with tumour tissues. A higher expression level of hsa_circ_0001666 indicated a better clinical prognosis in patients with CRC. Hsa_circ_0001666 knockdown significantly supported CRC cell proliferation along with invasion and inhibited cell apoptosis in vitro. Hsa_circ_0001666 knockdown accelerated the CRC growth and metastasis in vivo. Moreover, the mechanistic study showed that hsa_circ_0001666, acting as ‘ceRNA’ of miR‐576‐5p, prevented PCDH10 downregulation, as well as suppressed EMT and stemness of CRC cells, and the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway. Inhibiting miR‐576‐5p or overexpressing PCDH10 could reverse phenotypic changes caused by knocking down of hsa_circ_0001666.ConclusionsHsa_circ_0001666 suppresses CRC progression through the miR‐576‐5p/PCDH10 axis and may provide a new insight for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
The role of low‐power wide‐area network technologies in Internet of Things: A systematic and comprehensive review
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Mehdi , Khademzadeh Ahmad , Rahmani Amir Masoud 
Published: November 2021

SummaryWith the quick progress of wireless technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been recognized as the main part of daily people's lives that makes their life more convenient by utilizing a diverse range of smart devices. Over the last decade, various useful and forthcoming application fields have been developed by taking advantage of the IoT concept. In this regard, LPWAN technologies such as LoRa, Sigfox, and NB‐IoT play an important role in advancing. These technologies are suitable wireless communication protocols for battery‐powered IoT objects that enable long‐distance communication in low‐power devices at a low operation cost. Some review papers have investigated the LPWAN technology in the IoT from different perspectives. However, the lack of detailed and systematic study outlining the role of these technologies in different IoT applications is very clear. Consequently, this gap inspired us to write the current study. The current works are classified into three main classes, including smart city, home automation, and smart healthcare. Besides, the involved models in the smart city group are categorized into five subgroups, including smart monitoring, smart metering, air pollution, smart agriculture, and smart parking. The selected works are reviewed, and their main features, including main idea, coverage range, sensor types, processing board, frequency band, communication protocols, power consumption analysis, and achievement, are specified. Generally, our main aim is to describe the challenging problems of applying LPWAN to various IoT applications, specify the efficient models, and recommend some hints for upcoming studies.
Functional diversity buffers the effects of a pulse perturbation on the dynamics of tritrophic food webs
Authors: Wojcik Laurie Anne , Ceulemans Ruben , Gaedke Ursula 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiodiversity decline causes a loss of functional diversity, which threatens ecosystems through a dangerous feedback loop: This loss may hamper ecosystems’ ability to buffer environmental changes, leading to further biodiversity losses. In this context, the increasing frequency of human‐induced excessive loading of nutrients causes major problems in aquatic systems. Previous studies investigating how functional diversity influences the response of food webs to disturbances have mainly considered systems with at most two functionally diverse trophic levels. We investigated the effects of functional diversity on the robustness, that is, resistance, resilience, and elasticity, using a tritrophic—and thus more realistic—plankton food web model. We compared a non‐adaptive food chain with no diversity within the individual trophic levels to a more diverse food web with three adaptive trophic levels. The species fitness differences were balanced through trade‐offs between defense/growth rate for prey and selectivity/half‐saturation constant for predators. We showed that the resistance, resilience, and elasticity of tritrophic food webs decreased with larger perturbation sizes and depended on the state of the system when the perturbation occurred. Importantly, we found that a more diverse food web was generally more resistant and resilient but its elasticity was context‐dependent. Particularly, functional diversity reduced the probability of a regime shift toward a non‐desirable alternative state. The basal‐intermediate interaction consistently determined the robustness against a nutrient pulse despite the complex influence of the shape and type of the dynamical attractors. This relationship was strongly influenced by the diversity present and the third trophic level. Overall, using a food web model of realistic complexity, this study confirms the destructive potential of the positive feedback loop between biodiversity loss and robustness, by uncovering mechanisms leading to a decrease in resistance, resilience, and potentially elasticity as functional diversity declines.
Nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) activity patterns are influenced by human activity
Authors: DeGregorio Brett A. , Gale Connor , V. Lassiter Ellery , Massey Andrhea , Roberts Caleb P. , T. Veon John 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs the human footprint upon the landscape expands, wildlife seeking to avoid human contact are losing the option of altering their spatial distribution and instead are shifting their daily activity patterns to be active at different times than humans. In this study, we used game cameras to evaluate how human development and activity were related to the daily activity patterns of the nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) along an urban to rural gradient in Arkansas, USA during the winter of 2020–2021. We found that armadillos had substantial behavioral plasticity in regard to the timing of their activity patterns; >95% of armadillo activity was nocturnal at six of the study sites, whereas between 30% and 60% of activity occurred during the day at three other sites. The likelihood of diurnal armadillo activity was best explained by the distance to downtown Fayetteville (the nearest population center) and estimated ambient sound level (both indices of human activity) with armadillos being most active during the day at quiet sites far from Fayetteville. Furthermore, armadillo activity occurred later during the night period (minutes after sunset) at sites near downtown and with higher anthropogenic sound. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the observed activity shift may be in response to not only human activity but also the presence of domestic dogs. Our results provide further evidence that human activity has subtle nonlethal impacts on even common, widespread wildlife species. Because armadillos have low body temperatures and basal metabolism, being active during cold winter nights likely has measurable fitness costs. Nature reserves near human population centers may not serve as safe harbors for wildlife as we intend, and managers could benefit from considering these nonlethal responses in how they manage recreation and visitation in these natural areas.
Local stability properties of complex, species‐rich soil food webs with functional block structure
Authors: de Castro Francisco , Adl Sina M. , Allesina Stefano , Bardgett Richard D. , Bolger Thomas , Dalzell Johnathan J. , Emmerson Mark , Fleming Thomas , Garlaschelli Diego , Grilli Jacopo , Hannula Silja Emilia , de Vries Franciska , Lindo Zoë , Maule Aaron G. , Öpik Maarja , Rillig Matthias C. , Veresoglou Stavros D. , Wall Diana H. , Caruso Tancredi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEcologists have long debated the properties that confer stability to complex, species‐rich ecological networks. Species‐level soil food webs are large and structured networks of central importance to ecosystem functioning. Here, we conducted an analysis of the stability properties of an up‐to‐date set of theoretical soil food web models that account both for realistic levels of species richness and the most recent views on the topological structure (who is connected to whom) of these food webs. The stability of the network was best explained by two factors: strong correlations between interaction strengths and the blocked, nonrandom trophic structure of the web. These two factors could stabilize our model food webs even at the high levels of species richness that are typically found in soil, and that would make random systems very unstable. Also, the stability of our soil food webs is well‐approximated by the cascade model. This result suggests that stability could emerge from the hierarchical structure of the functional organization of the web. Our study shows that under the assumption of equilibrium and small perturbations, theoretical soil food webs possess a topological structure that allows them to be complex yet more locally stable than their random counterpart. In particular, results strongly support the general hypothesis that the stability of rich and complex soil food webs is mostly driven by correlations in interaction strength and the organization of the soil food web into functional groups. The implication is that in real‐world food web, any force disrupting the functional structure and distribution pattern of interaction strengths (i.e., energy fluxes) of the soil food webs will destabilize the dynamics of the system, leading to species extinction and major changes in the relative abundances of species.
Seed dispersal by wind decreases when plants are water‐stressed, potentially counteracting species coexistence and niche evolution
Authors: Zhu Jinlei , Lukić Nataša , Rajtschan Verena , Walter Julia , Schurr Frank M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHydrology is a major environmental factor determining plant fitness, and hydrological niche segregation (HNS) has been widely used to explain species coexistence. Nevertheless, the distribution of plant species along hydrological gradients does not only depend on their hydrological niches but also depend on their seed dispersal, with dispersal either weakening or reinforcing the effects of HNS on coexistence. However, it is poorly understood how seed dispersal responds to hydrological conditions. To close this gap, we conducted a common‐garden experiment exposing five wind‐dispersed plant species (Bellis perennis, Chenopodium album, Crepis sancta, Hypochaeris glabra, and Hypochaeris radicata) to different hydrological conditions. We quantified the effects of hydrological conditions on seed production and dispersal traits, and simulated seed dispersal distances with a mechanistic dispersal model. We found species‐specific responses of seed production, seed dispersal traits, and predicted dispersal distances to hydrological conditions. Despite these species‐specific responses, there was a general positive relationship between seed production and dispersal distance: Plants growing in favorable hydrological conditions not only produce more seeds but also disperse them over longer distances. This arises mostly because plants growing in favorable environments grow taller and thus disperse their seeds over longer distances. We postulate that the positive relationship between seed production and dispersal may reduce the concentration of each species to the environments favorable for it, thus counteracting species coexistence. Moreover, the resulting asymmetrical gene flow from favorable to stressful habitats may slow down the microevolution of hydrological niches, causing evolutionary niche conservatism. Accounting for context‐dependent seed dispersal should thus improve ecological and evolutionary models for the spatial dynamics of plant populations and communities.