bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Masculinity, Modernity and Male Baldness, c.1880‐1939
Authors: Johnes Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMale baldness was a very common experience but it has rarely been considered by historians of any period or place. This article argues that baldness reveals a precariousness and vanity to masculinity in late nineteenth‐ and early twentieth‐century Britain. Baldness limited men's ability to self‐fashion their appearance. It made them the target of jokes, marked the fact they were getting older, undermined their looks and, perhaps, made them less attractive to women. There was thus a vigorous market for cures and preventatives. Such products show how deep superstitions and irrational thinking could run, but understandings of the condition were also rooted in the social and cultural conditions of the day. The glamour of Hollywood, a keep‐fit culture, growing advertising of male‐grooming products and the fading of hat wearing from fashion, all intensified interwar anxieties around baldness. Not everyone worried about baldness, however, and men's feelings about their hair owed much to personality and circumstance. Baldness thus not only reveals the precarious nature of masculinity but also its inconsistent and inherently personal dimensions.
Reflective political reasoning: Political disagreement and empathy
Authors: MURADOVA LALA , ARCENEAUX KEVIN 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs political polarization increases across many of the world's established democracies, many citizens are unwilling to appreciate and consider the viewpoints of those who disagree with them. Previous research shows that this lack of reflection can undermine democratic accountability. The purpose of this paper is to study whether empathy for the other can motivate people to reason reflectively about politics. Extant studies have largely studied trait‐level differences in the ability and inclination of individuals to engage in reflection. Most of these studies focus on observational moderators, which makes it difficult to make strong claims about the effects of being in a reflective state on political decision making. We extend this research by using a survey experiment with a large and heterogeneous sample of UK citizens (N = 2014) to investigate whether a simple empathy intervention can induce people to consider opposing viewpoints and incorporate those views in their opinion about a pressing political issue. We find that actively imagining the feelings and thoughts of someone one disagrees with prompts more reflection in the way that people reason about political issues as well as elicits empathic feelings of concern towards those with opposing viewpoints. We further examine whether empathy facilitates openness to attitude change in the counter‐attitudinal direction and find that exposure to an opposing perspective (without its empathy component) per se is enough to prompt attitude change. Our study paints a more nuanced picture of the relationship between empathy, reflection and policy attitudes.
Output market power and firm characteristics in dairy processing: Evidence from three EU countries
Authors: Koppenberg Maximilian , Hirsch Stefan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe dairy processing industry is the largest subsector in the EU food industry and is characterised by high concentration. We investigate the extent of output market power exerted in EU dairy processing, applying an advanced stochastic frontier approach to estimate firm‐level markups of price over marginal cost using data for France, Italy and Spain from 2008 to 2017. We further relate markups to firm characteristics to identify what type of dairy processors possess the highest power in the sector. Our findings only reveal small average deviations from perfect competition but we find considerable heterogeneity of markups within and between the three countries. We identify a strong positive relationship between markup and profitability, though we find firm size and markups to be inversely related. This indicates that small firms operating in differentiated niche markets are able to charge higher markups, thereby ensuring their profitability. This result can serve EU dairy processors for future strategic alignment, and is particularly interesting from a policy perspective as large firms are mostly blamed in the exercise of market power in public and policy debates.
A worldwide systematic review, meta‐analysis, and health risk assessment study of mycotoxins in beers
Authors: Schabo Danieli C. , Alvarenga Verônica O. , Schaffner Donald W. , Magnani Marciane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMycotoxins, including aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FBs), and zearalenone (ZEN), have been reported as beer contaminants. This systematic review and meta‐analysis provide the prevalence and concentration of mycotoxins in beers and their worldwide distribution. Mycotoxin's exposure and cancer risk through beer consumption were determined. The overall pooled prevalence of mycotoxins in beers was 31% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 28%–35%; I2 = 90%, p = .00). The most prevalent mycotoxins in beers were DON and its derivatives (53%), OTA (52%), FBs (47%), followed by AFs (12%). Iran (99%), Hungary (95%), Denmark (92%), Armenia (83%), and Cyprus (83%) had the highest mycotoxin prevalence in beers. The global mycotoxins average concentration in beers was 12.52 μg/L (95% CI = 10.70–14.75 μg/L; I2 = 100%, p = .00). DON and its derivatives showed the highest concentration (26.91 μg/L), followed by FBs (23.19 μg/L), ZEN and its derivatives (20.25 μg/L), and AFs (15.65 μg/L). African region had the highest mycotoxins concentration (73.95 μg/L) mostly due to the high levels reported in beers from Cameroon (293.02 μg/L), Malawi (132.34 μg/L), and Eastern Cape province (126.12 μg/L). The meta‐regression indicated stability (p ≥ .05) of the global pooled concentration of mycotoxins in beers over the years, whereas FBs concentration increased. The intake of DON and its derivatives, FBs, ZEN and its derivatives, and OTA through beers is of concern in African countries. OTA is also of concern in Brazil and Belgium. Results show high mycotoxins concentration in beers worldwide and highlight the health risks through contaminated beer consumption.
Bioproduction of D‐allulose: Properties, applications, purification, and future perspectives
Authors: Hu Mengying , Li Mengli , Jiang Bo , Zhang Tao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractD‐allulose is the C‐3 epimer of D‐fructose, which rarely exists in nature, and can be biosynthesized from D‐fructose by the catalysis of D‐psicose 3‐epimerase. D‐allulose is safe for human consumption and was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for food applications. It is not only able be used in food and dietary supplements as a low‐calorie sweetener, but also modulates a variety of physiological functions. D‐allulose has gained increasing attention owing to its excellent properties. This article presents a review of recent progress on the properties, applications, and bioproduction progress of D‐allulose.
Response of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to salt‐stressed maize plants
Authors: Wang Zai‐Ling , Haseeb Muhammad , Zhang Run‐Zhi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSalt‐stressed maize is an economically important crop in many arid and semi‐arid regions of the world where soil salinization is most common, and the invasive fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda threatens global maize production. It thus poses a puzzle of whether FAW populations feeding on salt‐stressed maize plants are becoming more or less invasive. Here, we evaluated the FAW response to salt‐stressed maize plants by examining effects of salt‐stressed maize plants on FAW survival, development and fecundity. We found a longer larval development time (salt‐stressed, 12.9 ± 0.8 d; non‐stressed, 11.3 ± 0.4 d), but unaffected survival rate and pupal mass accumulation in FAW feeding on salt‐stressed maize plants. Moreover, the lifetime egg production of FAW females feeding on salt‐stressed maize plants (633.5 ± 62.7 eggs) was reduced by nearly half compared with those feeding on non‐stressed maize plants (1255.9 ± 70.3 eggs). Overall, FAW showed a negative response to salt‐stressed maize plants. Due to limited population increase potential, FAW populations feeding on salt‐stressed maize plants should pose less of a problem than ones feeding on non‐stressed maize plants do. In practice, salt‐stressed maize plants are quite common in arid and semi‐arid regions where the relatively high‐salinity groundwater is often used to irrigate maize plants, potentially limiting FAW population size. Thus, salt‐stressed maize plants would contribute to practical applications of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies in controlling FAW.
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata): A food with functional properties aimed to type 2 diabetes prevention and management
Authors: Uuh‐Narvaez Jonatan Jafet , Segura‐Campos Maira Rubí 
Published: October 2021

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing the prevalence worldwide at an alarming rate, becoming a serious public health problem that mainly affects developing countries. Functional food research is currently of great interest because it contributes to developing nutritional therapy strategies for T2DM prevention and treatment. Bioactive compounds identified in some plant foods contribute to human health by mechanisms of action that exert biological effects on metabolic pathways involved in the development of T2DM. Hence, vegetables with high bioactive compounds content may be a source of functional value for the control of T2DM. Cabbages varieties (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) such as green (GCB), white (WCB), and red (RCB) are foods consumed (raw or cooked) and cultivated in different regions of the world. Scientific evidence shows that cabbage has multi‐target effects on glucose homeostatic regulation due to its high content of bioactive compounds. It has also been shown to decrease damage to organs affected by T2DM complications, such as the liver and kidney. Additionally, it could contribute as a preventive by attenuating problems underlying the development of T2DM as oxidative stress and obesity. This review highlights the functional properties of cabbage varieties involved in glucose regulation and the main mechanisms of the action exerted by their bioactive compounds. In conclusion, cabbage is a valuable food that can be employed as part of nutritional therapy or functional ingredient aimed at the prevention and treatment of T2DM.
Expanding the role of Australian community dietitians in gout management
Authors: Counsell Allyce B. , Nguyen Amy D. , Baysari Melissa T. , Kannangara Diluk R. W. , Gamboa Sarah , Day Richard O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimGout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis with suboptimal management. Management guidelines for gout highlight the importance of both pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatments. Dietitians can potentially assist in improving gout's associated dietary and lifestyle factors, and thereby play a role in improving its management. The aim of this study was to investigate perspectives of Australian community dietitians on whether their role in gout management could be expanded to improve management and treatment of gout.MethodA snowballing recruitment strategy was used. Dietitians known to the research team were invited to participate and then they suggested further dietitians. Semi‐structured interviews (one‐on‐one) were conducted with 16 dietitians. The focus was on their experiences of contributing to the management of gout, including any barriers and facilitators experienced. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and independently analyzed by 2 reviewers to identify themes.ResultsThe main reported role of dietitians in gout management was providing patient education. An identified facilitator was dietitians' understanding of gout and its dietary management. Barriers included the emphasis placed on medications for treatment by clinicians and patients, consultation costs, limitations in the evidence for the efficacy of dietary changes and lack of specific training in gout for dietitians. Dietitians predominantly managed the other metabolic conditions commonly associated with gout.ConclusionCurrently, the role dietitians play in gout management is limited. However, dietitians have the potential to take on larger roles in gout education and can also indirectly contribute by way of management of commonly associated comorbidities in gout patients.
The physiology and metabolic properties of a novel, low‐abundance Psychrilyobacter species isolated from the anoxic Black Sea shed light on its ecological role
Authors: Yadav Subhash , Koenen Michel , Bale Nicole , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Villanueva Laura 
Published: October 2021

SummaryMembers of the Psychrilyobacter spp. of the phylum Fusobacteria have been recently suggested to be amongst the most significant primary degraders of the detrital organic matter in sulfidic marine habitats, despite representing only a small proportion (<0.1%) of the microbial community. In this study, we have isolated a previously uncultured Psychrilyobacter species (strains SD5T and BL5; Psychrilyobacter piezotolerans sp. nov.) from the sulfidic waters (i.e., 2000 m depth) of the Black Sea and investigated its physiology and genomic capability in order to better understand potential ecological adaptation strategies. P. piezotolerans utilized a broad range of organic substituents (carbohydrates and proteins) and, remarkably, grew at sulfide concentrations up to 32 mM. These flexible physiological properties were supported by the presence of the respective metabolic pathways in the genomes of both strains. Growth at varying hydrostatic pressure (0.1–50 MPa) was sustained by modifying its membrane lipid composition. Thus, we have isolated a novel member of the ‘rare biosphere’, which endures the extreme conditions and may play a significant role in the degradation of detrital organic matter sinking into the sulfidic waters of the Black Sea.
Drosophila p38 MAPK interacts with BAG‐3/starvin to regulate age‐dependent protein homeostasis
Authors: Ryan Sarah M. , Almassey Michael , Burch Amelia M. , Ngo Gia , Martin Julia M. , Myers David , Compton Devin , Archie Shira , Cross Megan , Naeger Lauren , Salzman Ashley , Virola‐Iarussi Alyssa , Barbee Scott A. , Mortimer Nathan T. , Sanyal Subhabrata , Vrailas‐Mortimer Alysia D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs organisms age, they often accumulate protein aggregates that are thought to be toxic, potentially leading to age‐related diseases. This accumulation of protein aggregates is partially attributed to a failure to maintain protein homeostasis. A variety of genetic factors have been linked to longevity, but how these factors also contribute to protein homeostasis is not completely understood. In order to understand the relationship between aging and protein aggregation, we tested how a gene that regulates lifespan and age‐dependent locomotor behaviors, p38 MAPK (p38Kb), influences protein homeostasis as an organism ages. We find that p38Kb regulates age‐dependent protein aggregation through an interaction with starvin, a regulator of muscle protein homeostasis. Furthermore, we have identified Lamin as an age‐dependent target of p38Kb and starvin.
Theta oscillations in rat infralimbic cortex are associated with the inhibition of cocaine seeking during extinction
Authors: Müller Ewald Victória A. , Kim Jangjin , Farley Sean J. , Freeman John H. , LaLumiere Ryan T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInfralimbic cortical (IL) manipulations indicate that this region mediates extinction learning and suppresses cocaine seeking following cocaine self‐administration. However, little work has recorded IL activity during the inhibition of cocaine seeking due to the difficulty of determining precisely when cocaine‐seeking behaviour is inhibited within a cocaine‐seeking session. The present study used in vivo electrophysiology to examine IL activity across extinction as well as during cocaine self‐administration and reinstatement. Sprague–Dawley rats underwent 6‐h access cocaine self‐administration in which the response lever was available during discrete signalled trials, a procedure which allowed for the comparison between epochs of cocaine seeking versus the inhibition thereof. Subsequently, rats underwent extinction and cocaine‐primed reinstatement using the same procedure. Results indicate that theta rhythms (4–10 Hz) dominated IL local‐field potential (LFP) activity during all experimental stages. During extinction, theta power fluctuated significantly surrounding the lever press and was lower when rats engaged in cocaine seeking versus when they withheld from doing so. These patterns of oscillatory activity differed from self‐administration and reinstatement stages. Single‐unit analyses indicate heterogeneity of IL unit responses, supporting the idea that multiple neuronal subpopulations exist within the IL and promote the expression of different and even opposing cocaine‐seeking behaviours. Together, these results are consistent with the idea that aggregate synaptic and single‐unit activity in the IL represent the engagement of the IL in action monitoring to promote adaptive behaviour in accordance with task contingencies and reveal critical insights into the relationship between IL activity and the inhibition of cocaine seeking.
Individuals of refugee background resettled in regional and rural Australia: A systematic review of mental health research
Authors: Hawkes Clare , Norris Kimberley , Joyce Janine , Paton Douglas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Australian Government aims to increase the number of individuals on humanitarian resettlement visas allocated to regional locations to 50% by the year 2022. A significant issue with this, given the substantive body of research identifying that refugee populations face chronic mental health concerns during resettlement, is the lack of health‐related research focusing on the resettlement of individuals of refugee background to rural and regional locations in Australia, especially in the area of mental health.ObjectiveTo provide a foundation for rectifying this omission, this review is the first to synthesise mental health research focusing on individuals of refugee background specifically resettled to rural and regional locations in Australia.DesignThe review was conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Findings were synthesised using thematic analytic techniques.Findings14 relevant studies (3 quantitative, one mixed‐method, 10 qualitative) were identified. Findings indicated that individuals of refugee background resettled in rural and regional Australia not only experienced higher levels of psychological distress than the general population but also had significant difficulty and limited options when accessing mental health services. Furthermore, resettlement in rural and regional locations increased the risk of experiencing many interrelated factors associated with adverse mental health outcomes and distress, including very limited access to support services, with the latter being identified as vital for well‐being.ConclusionThis review highlights the disparity between the Australian Government's policies and plans regarding regional resettlement, what is happening on the ground, and identifies key gaps in research and practice which must be addressed.
We Are Not Alone: William King and the Naming of the Neanderthals
Authors: Walker James , Clinnick David , White Mark 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe story of human history was changed forever in 1863 with William King's proposal that we had not always been the sole members of the Homo genus. Yet, more than 150 years after Homo neanderthalensis was first named and then summarized in the pages of The Anthropological Review, the man responsible for this revolutionary announcement is poorly known in the field of palaeoanthropology today. Following the sesquicentennial anniversary of this seminal event in 2013, a timely reappraisal is given of King's reputation, legacy, and work within the intellectual vortex of his time. [Neanderthals, human evolution, history of paleoanthropology, William King]
Anthropology and ableism
Authors: Durban Erin L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article continues the tradition of writing about embodied knowledge production to highlight the underanalyzed issue of ableism, providing an opening for a disciplinary reckoning with oppressive legacies towards creating collective access in anthropology and academia. Building on the creative and collaborative labor of disabled and allied anthropologists, I argue that ableism is inherent to anthropology's disciplinary formations—especially expectations pertaining to fieldwork. I make a series of claims related to this argument: The continuation of fieldwork practices from the colonial model naturalizes able bodyminds, and without intervention, reproduces ableist anthropology. The normate anthropologist has always had a “nondisabled” bodymind, but once disability became a proper object for anthropology, a line was solidified between “anthropologist” and “the disabled,” thereby making disabled anthropologist a seemingly conceptual impossibility. The effect of the anthropological gaze turning towards disability introduced a “corporeal unconscious” in the discipline; the specter of becoming disabled (becoming subject to the anthropological gaze rather than being its source) haunts fieldwork and heightens the anxious relation of anthropology to disability. Illuminating the normative underpinnings of anthropology and embracing the unbearable possibility that we all might be(come) disabled should move us to collectively consider what anthropology might be otherwise.
Year without End: Primatology in 2020
Authors: Schmitt Christopher A. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe year 2020 was arelentless one that drained many of us of any hope. This review focuses on work in primatology over the long span of that year that may serve as a small remedy to the shadow cast. In 2020, primatology became a focal point of the fight against the COVID‐19 pandemic and holds promise for understanding and preventing similar pandemics in the future. The past few years have also seen an increased concern in US primatology for understanding and working through the legacy of our colonial history, which has intersected with the urgency of the Black Lives Matter movement in 2020 to foment change that is only just beginning to be felt in our discipline. This review, which is by no means comprehensive, discusses these threads of research and their potential for change that might sustain primatology beyond the seemingly endless pandemic year. [COVID‐19, pandemic, primatology, decolonizing primatology, decolonizing biological anthropology, biological anthropology, fieldwork, primates]