bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of physical activity and exercise on telomere length: Systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Valente Cristina , Andrade Renato , Alvarez Luis , Rebelo‐Marques Alexandre , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Espregueira‐Mendes João 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo compare a physically active lifestyle or structured exercise program to physically inactive lifestyle or control groups on telomere length (TL).MethodWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Open Gray databases up to March 31, 2020. We calculated standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of TL comparing physically active to physically inactive individuals and exercise intervention to control groups. Risk of bias was judged using the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non‐randomized Studies (RoBANS) for physical activity (PA) studies and the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias (RoB2) for exercise intervention studies. Certainty of evidence was judged using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).ResultsWe included 30 studies (24 assessing the effects of PA and 6 assessing the effects of exercise interventions) comprising 7418 individuals. Physically active individuals had longer telomeres (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI 0.12–1.28, very‐low certainty), especially in middle‐aged individuals (SMD = 0.90, 95% CI 0.08–1.72, very‐low certainty) and when considering only athletes (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI 0.18–0.90, very‐low certainty). Trim‐and‐fill analyses revealed that most of the pooled effects were overestimated. Exercise interventions did not yield any significant effect on TL.ConclusionThere is very‐low certainty that physically active individuals have longer telomeres with a moderate effect, but this effect is probably overestimated.
Accruals mispricing versus risk: Analyzing the influence of external monitoring in Brazil
Authors: Martins Vinícius Gomes , Machado Márcio André Veras , do Monte Paulo Aguiar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the role of external monitoring as an alternative mechanism of corporate governance pertaining to the risk and mispricing of accruals in the Brazilian market. The results provide evidence of the accruals anomaly for companies with low external monitoring and evidence that is stronger when evaluating the discretionary component of accruals. Our analysis does not support the conclusion that total and discretionary accruals represent price risk factors, which suggests that the evidence of anomaly results from mispricing. Our evidence contributes to the growing literature on accruals pricing in emerging markets, by adding elements such as the influence of external monitoring and the level of investor sophistication, hereby represented by market analysts and institutional investors. Our study provides additional evidence that the presence of these intermediary agents creates an external layer of control capable of contributing positively to the process of disclosure and pricing of financial information. Thus, the role of such intermediaries as external monitors in emerging markets can be potentially significant for correctly pricing accruals. While Brazil has its own unique institutional characteristics, our findings confirm the evidence obtained for other countries.
The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Nurse–Nurse Collaboration
Authors: Al‐Hamdan Zaid M. , Alyahia Manal , Al‐Maaitah Rowaida , Alhamdan Mohammad , Faouri Ibrahim , Al‐Smadi Ahmed Mohammad , Bawadi Hala 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and nurse–nurse collaboration among registered nurses in Jordan.DesignThis study used a cross‐sectional, quantitative survey design to query 342 nurses who worked in two hospitals in Jordan.MethodsWe used Arabic versions of valid, reliable instruments to measure emotional intelligence and nurse–nurse communication.FindingsA total of 311 questionnaires were returned (91% response rate). Nurses’ emotional intelligence was positively and significantly correlated with the nurse–nurse collaboration subscales. The results also indicated a statistically significant mean difference in communication subscale scores by gender and nursing unit.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that nurse–nurse collaboration is linked to benefits for nurses in terms of improved job satisfaction, better nurse retention, improved quality of patient care, and enhanced healthcare efficiency and productivity. This suggests that improving nurse–nurse collaboration may have spillover effects of benefits, not only for nurses but for patients, organizations, and the overall healthcare system.Clinical RelevanceBuilding an environment that encourages collaboration among nurses can greatly impact the performance of nurses and its benefit to nurses. Encouraging employees to participate in activities and to collaborate in making this an integral part of their evaluation will contribute to improving the teamwork in patient care.
Time, money, and entry into parenthood: The role of (grand)parental support
Authors: Pessin Léa , Rutigliano Roberta , Potter Marina Haddock 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe study's objective is to understand how parental propensities to provide support, as predicted by parental characteristics, shape adult daughters' and sons' entry into parenthood in the United States.BackgroundMuch research explores the influence of parental support on adult children's fertility, but the evidence is mixed and primarily focuses on European contexts. Theoretical approaches suggest that to best understand how parental support shapes adult children's outcomes, it is important to account for different forms of parental support, that is, time and money, and variation in parental characteristics.MethodThis study combined different data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics: the 2013 Roster and Family Transfers module, main interview data file, and the Childbirth and Adoption History File. We implemented a two‐step analysis strategy. In the first, we built two different measures of propensities to receive parental support (PPS) in the form of time and money. In the second, we used discrete‐time logistic regression models to analyze the effects of these propensities to receive parental support on adult daughters' and sons' fertility.ResultsWe find a positive and consistent effect of all types of PPS measures on adult daughters', but not adult sons', likelihood of entry into parenthood. The fertility decisions of adult daughters are highly responsive to the prospect of receiving parental support in the form of time or money.ConclusionsOur results reflect the importance of informal support for women's entry into parenthood and highlight gender differences in the perceived and actual costs of becoming parents.
Counterfactual dissimilarity: Can changes in demographics and income explain increased racial integration in US cities?
Authors: Carrillo Paul E. , Rothbaum Jonathan L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUrban areas in the US have experienced important changes in racial/ethnic distributions over the last two decades. In the average urban area today black–white racial integration has increased by 10.6% between 1990 and 2010. Changes in racial and ethnic distributions and gentrification are often associated with changes in residents' demographic characteristics, such as income, education, and age. This paper applies a nonparametric spatial decomposition technique using complete (restricted‐use) microdata files from the 1990 Decennial Long Form Census and 2008–2012 American Community Surveys to assess what portion of the changes in racial distributions can be attributed to changes in individual characteristics. We find that that, on average, a little over a third of the observed increase in integration can be accounted for by changes in observed individual characteristics.
Minimum wages in an automating economy
Authors: Eckardt Marcel Steffen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe explore the suitability of the minimum wage as a policy instrument for reducing emerging income inequality created by new technologies. For this, we implement a binding minimum wage in a task‐based framework, in which tasks are conducted by machines, low‐skill, and high‐skill workers. In this framework, an increasing minimum wage reduces the inequality between the low‐skill wage and the other factor prices, whereas the share of income of low‐skill workers in the national income is nonincreasing. Then, we analyze the impact of an automating economy along the extensive and intensive margins. In a setting with a minimum wage, it can be shown that automation at the extensive margin and the creation of new, labor‐intensive tasks do not increase the aggregate output in general, as the displacement of low‐skill workers counteracts the positive effects of cost‐savings. Finally, we highlight a potential trade‐off between less inequality of the factor prices and greater inequality of the income distribution when a minimum wage is introduced into an automating economy.
The effect of fermented and raw rapeseed meal on the growth performance, immune status and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens
Authors: Wu Zhengke , Chen Jiang , Ahmed Pirzado Shoaib , Haile Tesfay Hagos , Cai Huiyi , Liu Guohua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of fermented and raw rapeseed meal (FRCM and RRSM) on the growth performance, carcass traits, serum biochemical indexes, immune status and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 420‐day‐old Arbor Acre male broilers were randomly assigned to a 1 + 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with one basal diet group, two rapeseed meal (RSM) varieties (FRCM and RRSM) and three addition levels (5%, 10% and 15%) for a duration of 42 days. FRSM significantly increased the ADG and ADFI of broilers during the 22–42 days and 1–42 days (p < 0.05) growth periods compared with RRSM groups. No significant difference was observed in ADG and ADFI between broilers fed FRSM in different dietary levels and control diets (p > 0.05), but broilers fed diet with 15% RRSM showed significantly lower ADG, ADFI and spleen index (p < 0.05). Both FRSM and RRSM in different dietary levels affected the anti‐oxidation function of broilers, including a significant increase in the serum contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) (p < 0.05), and a significant decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05). Fermentation tends to increase the villus height of duodenum (p = 0.09), and significantly increased the villus height and V/C ratio of duodenum (p < 0.05) in birds. The duodenum villus height was the highest in the 5% FRSM group and lowest in birds of 5% RRSM group. A 10% level significantly increased the duodenal V/C ratio in both FRSM and RRSM birds. The results indicated that FRSM could be used to supplemented in broilers diet to improve the production performance and maintain good health. FRSM can be added to broilers diet at 10% without adverse effect on growth performance or immune function.
Improving the Reading Comprehension Skills of Systems‐Involved Youth: A Preliminary Investigation of an Underserved Population
Authors: Sanders Sara , Jolivette Kristine , Harris Cody 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of the self‐regulated strategy development (SRSD) instructional approach on the reading comprehension of systems‐involved youth served in a secure juvenile justice setting. Using a cluster randomized controlled trial (CRT) pretest/posttest design, youth in the treatment group were taught the TRAP mnemonic (Think before reading, Read the paragraph, Ask yourself what the paragraph is mostly about and what is the most important information, and Paraphrase the paragraph). Results indicate modest improvement within the treatment group as compared to the control group, along with high treatment fidelity and social validity. Implications for practitioners, limitations, and suggestions for future research are presented.
eHealth interventions targeting nutrition, physical activity, sedentary behavior, or obesity in adults: A scoping review of systematic reviews
Authors: Hutchesson Melinda J. , Gough Claire , Müller Andre Matthias , Short Camille E. , Whatnall Megan C. , Ahmed Mavra , Pearson Nicole , Yin Zenong , Ashton Lee M. , Maher Carol , Staiano Amanda E. , Mauch Chelsea E. , DeSmet Ann , Vandelanotte Corneel 
Published: June 2021

SummaryA vast body of evidence regarding eHealth interventions for nutrition, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and obesity exists. This scoping review of systematic reviews aimed to evaluate the current level of evidence in this growing field. Seven electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews published until October 27, 2019. The systematic reviews must have included adult participants only and have evaluated eHealth behavioral interventions with the primary aim of changing nutrition, physical activity, and sedentary behavior or treating or preventing overweight and obesity. One hundred and six systematic reviews, published from 2006 to 2019, were included. Almost all (n = 98) reviews evaluated the efficacy of interventions. Over half (n = 61) included interventions focused on physical activity, followed by treatment of obesity (n = 28), nutrition (n = 22), prevention of obesity (n = 18), and sedentary behavior (n = 6). Many reviews (n = 46) evaluated one type of eHealth intervention only, while 60 included two or more types. Most reviews (n = 67) were rated as being of critically low methodological quality. This scoping review identified an increasing volume of systematic reviews evaluating eHealth interventions. It highlights several evidence gaps (e.g., evaluation of other outcomes, such as reach, engagement, or cost effectiveness), guiding future research efforts in this area.
EEG power spectral dynamics associated with listening in adverse conditions
Authors: Wisniewski Matthew G. , Zakrzewski Alexandria C. , Bell Destiny R. , Wheeler Michelle 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdverse listening conditions increase the demand on cognitive resources needed for speech comprehension. In an exploratory study, we aimed to identify independent power spectral features in the EEG useful for studying the cognitive processes involved in this effortful listening. Listeners performed the coordinate response measure task with a single‐talker masker at a 0‐dB signal‐to‐noise ratio. Sounds were left unfiltered or degraded with low‐pass filtering. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify independent components (ICs) in the EEG data, the power spectral dynamics of which were then analyzed. Frontal midline theta, left frontal, right frontal, left mu, right mu, left temporal, parietal, left occipital, central occipital, and right occipital clusters of ICs were identified. All IC clusters showed some significant listening‐related changes in their power spectrum. This included sustained theta enhancements, gamma enhancements, alpha enhancements, alpha suppression, beta enhancements, and mu rhythm suppression. Several of these effects were absent or negligible using traditional channel analyses. Comparison of filtered to unfiltered speech revealed a stronger alpha suppression in the parietal and central occipital clusters of ICs for the filtered speech condition. This not only replicates recent findings showing greater alpha suppression as listening difficulty increases but also suggests that such alpha‐band effects can stem from multiple cortical sources. We lay out the advantages of the ICA approach over the restrictive analyses that have been used as of late in the study of listening effort. We also make suggestions for moving into hypothesis‐driven studies regarding the power spectral features that were revealed.
Impacts of farmland size and benefit expectations on the utilization of straw resources: Evidence from crop straw incorporation in China
Authors: Lu Hua , Chen Yijing , Zhang Peiwen , Huan Haoting , Xie Hualin , Hu Hao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPromoting the technique of crop straw incorporation holds great significance for soil fertility and the green development of agriculture, and the participation of farmers is crucial for the adoption of this technique. Crop straw incorporation has been carried out and promoted in China for more than 30 years, but the adoption rate among farmers remains relatively low. Based on micro survey data on farmers in Jiangsu Province, China, this study quantitatively examines the effects of farmland size and benefit expectations on farmers' willingness to incorporate crop straw (hereinafter referred to as FWIS) by using an ordered logit (ologit) model. The results show that there are significant differences in the willingness to incorporate crop straw among farmers with different farmland sizes; farmers with larger farmland sizes are less willing to adopt crop straw incorporation than those with small‐scale farmland. Benefit expectations significantly affect FWIS. Yield expectations are the key factor in improving FWIS. Cost and soil quality expectations are also important factors that affect FWIS. Plot size affects FWIS more than farmland size. A larger plot size is associated with stronger FWIS. To improve farmers' expectations of crop straw incorporation, the government should increase the use of micro‐incentive policies for farmers and enterprises that provide social services for crop straw incorporation. Promoting the circulation and integration of adjacent farmland, appropriately expanding plot size and reducing the cost of crop straw incorporation will help promote FWIS.
Karrikins control seedling photomorphogenesis and anthocyanin biosynthesis through a HY5‐BBX transcriptional module
Authors: Bursch Katharina , Niemann Ella T. , Nelson David C. , Johansson Henrik 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYThe butenolide molecule, karrikin (KAR), emerging in smoke of burned plant material, enhances light responses such as germination, inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, and anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis. The KAR signaling pathway consists of KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) and MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2), which, upon activation, act in an SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to target the downstream signaling components SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1) and SMAX1‐LIKE 2 (SMXL2) for degradation. How degradation of SMAX1 and SMXL2 is translated into growth responses remains unknown. Although light clearly influences the activity of KAR, the molecular connection between the two pathways is still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the KAR signaling pathway promotes the activity of a transcriptional module consisting of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), B‐BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN 20 (BBX20), and BBX21. The bbx20 bbx21 mutant is largely insensitive to treatment with KAR2, similar to a hy5 mutant, with regards to inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and anthocyanin accumulation. Detailed analysis of higher order mutants in combination with RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that anthocyanin accumulation downstream of SMAX1 and SMXL2 is fully dependent on the HY5‐BBX module. However, the promotion of hypocotyl elongation by SMAX1 and SMXL2 is, in contrast to KAR2 treatment, only partially dependent on BBX20, BBX21, and HY5. Taken together, these results suggest that light‐ and KAR‐dependent signaling intersect at the HY5‐BBX transcriptional module.
Evaluation of a clinical scoring system for canine demodicosis
Authors: Dengler Berrett , Mendoza‐Kuznetsova Ekaterina , Nikolaeva Lyubov , Rieger Anna , Mueller Ralf S. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCanine demodicosis is a common disease in small animal practice. Although a number of studies evaluating treatment efficacy for canine demodicosis have used clinical scoring systems, none have been validated.ObjectivesThis study evaluated the validity, reliability, reproducibility and sensitivity to change of a clinical scoring system for canine demodicosis.Methods and materialsFifty‐eight dogs with generalised demodicosis were evaluated using a clinical scoring system that assessed erythema, comedones/ papules/pustules, follicular casts/scales/crusts and alopecia, rated from none to mild, moderate and severe in 36 body locations. Two evaluators scored lesions at monthly consecutive visits during treatment. Mites were counted to a maximum of 50 in four deep skin scrapings. With >50 mites, the approximate mite number was calculated with the help of a grid drawn onto the slide before placing the scraped material onto it.ResultsA Pearson correlation coefficient showed a high interobserver reliability (r = 0.97) between two different clinicians evaluating the same dog. The Wilcoxon signed rank test showed good sensitivity to change with a reduction of clinical scores with each of the first six evaluations (P < 0.0001). A linear mixed model also showed a clear reduction in mite counts (P < 0.001) and clinical scores (P < 0.0001) from the first evaluation with time.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThe clinical scoring system for canine demodicosis evaluated in this study showed a good sensitivity to change and interobserver reliability, and can be used in studies evaluating canine demodicosis.
Use of plerixafor to mobilize haematopoietic progenitor cells in healthy donors
Authors: Romon Iñigo , Castillo Carlos , Cid Joan , Lozano Miquel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIncreased transplant activity calls for improved stem cell collection, especially when peripheral blood is the preferred source of haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Plerixafor is a bicyclam molecule that mobilizes CD34+ cells by reversibly disrupting CXCR4‐CXCL12‐supported HPC retention. Plerixafor is given with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) to help harvest autologous CD34+ cells for transplantation when mobilization with G‐CSF fails. Mobilization protocols with the same doses of plerixafor and G‐CSF have been used off‐label in healthy allogeneic donors, with equal success and scarce side effects, both in adult and paediatric patients. Plerixafor has also been used as a sole mobilization agent. Plerixafor alone or coupled with G‐CSF might lead to harvesting distinct cellular populations conferring improved engraftment properties and increased survival. Those characteristics might make plerixafor an especially attractive mobilization agent, particularly for non‐related donations. However, available data are limited, and long‐term follow‐up is needed to clarify the best scenario for using plerixafor with or without G‐CSF in healthy donors. In this review, we will summarize the evidence supporting this practice, highlighting the practical aspects and providing clues for an expanded use of plerixafor.
An Experimental Surface-Wave Method for Recording Force-Time Curves in Elastic Impacts
Authors: Goodier J. N. , Jahsman W. E. , Ripperger E. A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The recording of impacts by means of the longitudinal strain wave generated in a Hopkinson pressure bar is no longer possible when the impact is very brief, on account of dispersive effects. The Rayleigh surface wave generated on the plane surface of a block is nondispersive. A method is given for deducing the force-time curve of the impact from the oscilloscope record of the surface wave, and applied to impacts of small steel balls on a block.
Limit Analysis of Symmetrically Loaded Thin Shells of Revolution
Authors: Drucker D. C. , Shield R. T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The yield surface for a thin cylindrical shell is shown to be a very good approximation to the yield surface for any symmetrically loaded thin shell of revolution. Hexagonal prism approximations to this yield surface, appropriate for pressure vessel analysis, are described and discussed in terms of limit analysis. Procedures suitable for finding upper and lower bounds on the limit pressure for the complete vessel are developed and evaluated. They are applied for illustration to a portion of a toroidal zone or knuckle held rigidly at the two bounding planes. The combined end force and moment which can be carried by an unflanged cylinder also is discussed.