bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) revealed by heterologous complementation and RNA interference assays
Authors: Ding Bi‐Yue , Xie Xiu‐Cheng , Shang Feng , Smagghe Guy , Niu Jin‐Zhi , Wang Jin‐Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCarotenoids are involved in many essential physiological functions and are produced from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate through synthase, desaturase, and cyclase activities. In the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), the duplication of carotenoid biosynthetic genes, including carotenoid synthases/cyclases (ApCscA–C) and desaturases (ApCdeA–D), through horizontal gene transfer from fungi has been detected, and ApCdeB has known dehydrogenation functions. However, whether other genes contribute to aphid carotenoid biosynthesis, and its specific regulatory pathway, remains unclear. In the current study, functional analyses of seven genes were performed using heterologous complementation and RNA interference assays. The bifunctional enzymes ApCscA–C were responsible for the synthase of phytoene, and ApCscC may also have a cyclase activity. ApCdeA, ApCdeC, and ApCdeD had diverse dehydrogenation functions. ApCdeA catalyzed the enzymatic conversion of phytoene to neurosporene (three‐step product), ApCdeC catalyzed the enzymatic conversion of phytoene to ζ‐carotene (two‐step product), and ApCdeD catalyzed the enzymatic conversion of phytoene to lycopene (four‐step product). Silencing of ApCscs reduced the expression levels of ApCdes, and silencing these carotenoid biosynthetic genes reduced the α‐, β‐, and γ‐carotene levels, as well as the total carotenoid level. The results suggest that these genes were activated and led to carotenoid biosynthesis in the pea aphid.
Uterine artery closure at the origin vs at the uterus level in total laparoscopic hysterectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Uccella Stefano , Garzon Simone , Lanzo Gabriele , Gallina Davide , Bosco Mariachiara , Porcari Irene , Gueli‐Alletti Salvatore , Cianci Stefano , Franchi Massimo , Zorzato Pier Carlo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe transfusion rate in hysterectomies for benign pathology is almost 3%. However, despite the strong interest in reducing intraoperative bleeding, limited evidence is available regarding the technical aspects concerning uterine vessel management during a total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). Uterine artery (UA) closure in TLH can be performed at the origin from the internal iliac artery or at the uterus level (UL). However, low‐quality evidence is available regarding the superiority of one method over the other.Material and methodsWe performed a single‐blind randomized (1:1) controlled trial (NCT04156932) between December 2019 and August 2020. One hundred and eighty women undergoing TLH for benign gynecological diseases were randomized to TLH with UA closure at the origin from the internal iliac artery (n = 90), performed at the beginning of the procedure by putting two clips per side at the origin, vs closure at the UL (n = 90). Intraoperative blood loss estimated from suction devices was the primary outcome. Secondary end points were perioperative outcomes, the conversion rate from one technique to the other, and complication rates with 4 months of follow up.ResultsUterine artery closure at the origin was completed in all 90 patients (0%), whereas closure at the UL was converted to closure at the origin in 11 cases (12.2%; p < 0.001); failures were mainly associated with the presence of endometriosis (81.8% [9/11] vs 10.1% [8/79]; p < 0.001). In the intention‐to‐treat analysis, the intraoperative blood loss was higher in the group assigned to the closure at the UL (108.5 mL) than in the group with closure at the origin (69.3 mL); the mean difference was 39.2 mL (95% CI 13.47–64.93 mL; p = 0.003). Other perioperative outcomes and complications rates did not differ.ConclusionsUterine artery closure at the origin reduces intraoperative blood loss during a TLH and appears to be more reproducible than closure at the UL without higher complication rates. However, the absent translation in clinical benefits impedes the support of a clinical superiority in all women. Closure at the origin may provide clinical advantages in the presence of severe preoperative anemia or pelvic anatomic distortion.
Comparison of venous thromboembolism incidence in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients receiving bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (RVD) or carfilzomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (KRD) with aspirin or rivaroxaban thromboprophylaxis
Authors: Piedra Katrina , Peterson Tim , Tan Carlyn , Orozco Jennifer , Hultcrantz Malin , Hassoun Hani , Mailankody Sham , Lesokhin Alexander , Shah Urvi , Lu Sydney , Patel Dhwani , Derkach Andriy , Wilkins Cy R. , Korde Neha 
Published: August 2021

SummaryIncidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) varies across different regimens in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. Limited data exist on the use of direct oral anticoagulants as thromboprophylaxis in the setting of haematologic malignancies, specifically multiple myeloma. In this retrospective study of 305 NDMM patients, VTE rates in those treated with carfilzomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (KRD) + aspirin (ASA), bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (RVD) + ASA, and KRD + rivaroxaban were statistically significant, 16·1%, 4·8%, and 4·8%, respectively. The findings confirm a higher incidence of VTE when using KRD induction compared to RVD induction and reveal that the use of low‐dose rivaroxaban thromboprophylaxis can mitigate this risk without an observable increase in bleeding rates.
Mesencephalic dopamine neurons are essential for modafinil‐induced arousal
Authors: Yang Yan‐Fei , Dong Hui , Shen Yan , Li Lei , Lazarus Michael , Qu Wei‐Min , Huang Zhi‐Li 
Published: August 2021

Background and PurposeModafinil is a potent eugeroic (wakefulness‐promoting) drug that is prescribed to treat narcolepsy and has a low incidence of abuse. Although previous studies have shown that modafinil‐induced arousal depends on the dopamine receptors and transporters, the specific part/s of the dopamine transmitter system underlying this mechanism remained unclear. Here, we investigated the role of mesencephalic dopamine neurons in modafinil‐evoked arousal.Experimental ApproachA dopamine indicator (dLight1.1) was employed to detect dopamine changes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsal striatum. We specifically lesioned mesencephalic dopamine neurons via diphtheria toxin (DTA) in the dopamine transporter (DAT)‐Cre mice. Then, the sleep–wake states were recorded to evaluate the effect of modafinil on arousal. Finally, the extent of DTA‐induced lesions was determined by immunohistochemistry.Key ResultsModafinil promptly increased dopamine levels in the NAc and dorsal striatum in a dose‐dependent manner. Lesioning of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) or ventral tegmental area (VTA) had no significant effects on physiological sleep–wake cycles. Modafinil at 90 mg·kg−1 increased continuous wakefulness for 355 min in control mice. However, these effects were slightly decreased by 6.7% in the SNc‐lesioned mice and were prominently diminished by 32.8% in VTA‐lesioned mice. Furthermore, the modafinil‐induced arousal was completely blocked in the SNc‐VTA‐lesioned mice, whereas lesions of the dorsal raphé nucleus had no effect.Conclusion and ImplicationsTaken together, our findings indicate that mesencephalic dopamine neurons are essential for modafinil‐induced arousal.
The necessary conduct: Exploratory multiregional clinical trials in East Asia
Authors: Jeon Inseung , Kim Yu Kyong , Song Ildae , Yoon Deok Yong , Huh Ki Young , Jin Xuanyou , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Lee SeungHwan , Kumagai Yuji , Jang In‐Jin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVarious studies have highlighted the importance of ethnic differences. The consideration of ethnic differences in the field of individualized pharmacotherapy is imperative. Therefore, various organizations and networks across countries should aim to conduct multicountry and multiregional clinical trials (MRCTs). If there is solid evidence available to evaluate the existence of ethnic differences between the same regional areas, it will lead to an increase in the efficiency of drug development. The purpose of this paper was to compare the approval dosing regimen among four Asian countries (Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan) and elucidate the readiness and current status of the implementation of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) E17 guidelines on MRCTs. Reducing unnecessary clinical trials via multinational clinical trials in East Asian countries is also suggested. The approved dosing regimens for some drugs in the four Asian countries were similar; however, some differences might be caused by differences in legislation, even though there were no ethnic differences. This indicates that there are several roles to be expected of the Asia Clinical Pharmacology study network for exploratory MRCTs, which would lead to the accumulation of evidence for MRCTs, ultimately accelerating the efficiency of drug development in East Asian countries. The exposure of the new treatment to the necessary patients through collaborative research coordination and simultaneous multinational subject recruitment would serve its role in providing East Asia with specific personalized medicine with a high treatment success rate.
COVID‐19 and the Unequalizing Infrastructures of Financial Inclusion in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Guérin Isabelle , Guermond Vincent , Joseph Nithya , Natarajan Nithya , Venkatasubramanian Govindan 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on microfinance borrowers in Tamil Nadu, India. Through an examination of the social and financial infrastructures underpinning inclusive finance, the article demonstrates how the COVID‐19 pandemic exposes the limits and exclusionary tendencies of the for‐profit financial inclusion industry. The unequalizing breakdown of financial inclusion infrastructures during the pandemic prioritizes future revenue extraction over current livelihood needs, throwing hard‐hit borrowers back on hierarchical informal financial and social infrastructures to cope with COVID‐19‐induced risk. Tracing the experiences of poor microfinance borrowers in Tamil Nadu, this article examines how COVID‐19 is reshaping inclusive financial infrastructures in ways that reveal the dynamics of exclusion at the heart of financial inclusion.
Restless leg syndrome presenting as chronic severe limb pain in a dialysis patient
Authors: Sathiavageesan Subrahmanian , Annamalai Ishwarya , Malayappan Arunkarki , Melchizedek Kamalanathan , Ramajayam Ranjitha , Annadurai Anjali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract“Chronic pain” is a commonly reported symptom among hemodialysis patients. Despite its high prevalence and the poor health‐related quality of life associated with it, chronic pain remains an ineffectively assessed and managed entity in dialysis patients. We report a case of a 55‐year‐old gentleman on maintenance hemodialysis who presented with 3 months history of “excruciating flitting and fleeting type” of pain largely involving both lower limbs and occasionally neck, shoulder, chest, and upper limbs. The pain was so intolerable that it even triggered suicidal intentions in the patient. Common causes of chronic pain in dialysis patients were considered, but the initial history and clinical examination remained elusive. The patient was empirically started on oral analgesics, benzodiazepines, calcitriol, and levocarnitine supplementation but had no significant effect on his symptoms. A comprehensive repeat clinical history revealed the nocturnal periodicity of symptoms, specific aggravation of pain with inactivity, and its temporary relief with movement. This helped us narrow down the diagnosis to restless leg syndrome (RLS) amidst the myriad causes of chronic pain in dialysis patients. The “constant urge to move the legs” which is the defining characteristic of RLS was inconspicuous in our patient and excruciating pain was the predominant manifestation. This atypical presentation of RLS with agonizing pain involving multiple sites of the body led to a delay in the diagnosis and initiation of appropriate therapeutic measures. The patient had a dramatic response to therapy with dopamine agonists and withdrawal of the drug led to reappearance of his symptoms which further confirmed the diagnosis of RLS. RLS should be considered in the evaluation of chronic pain in dialysis patients and renal health care providers should familiarize themselves with the varied atypical, forme fruste manifestations of RLS to avoid diagnostic delay of this disabling but treatable condition.
The associations between orthostatic blood pressure changes and extracellular volume in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Jeon‐Slaughter Haekyung , Gregg Lucile Parker , Concepcion Michael , Lederer Swati , Penfield Jeffrey , Van Buren Peter Noel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionExtracellular volume (ECV) predicts mortality in hemodialysis patients, but it is difficult to assess clinically. Peridialytic blood pressure (BP) measurements can help ECV assessment. Orthostatic BP is routinely measured clinically, but its association with ECV is unknown.MethodsIn a cohort of hypertensive hemodialysis patients, we measured posthemodialysis ECV/weight with bioimpedance spectroscopy and analyzed its association with post‐HD orthostatic BP measurements obtained during routine care. Using linear and logistic regression, the primary outcomes were orthostatic BP change and orthostatic hypotension (OH) defined by systolic BP decrease of at least 20 mmHg or diastolic decrease of at least 10 mmHg. Model 1 controlled for sex, age, and diabetes. Model 2 additionally controlled for ultrafiltration rate and antihypertensive medications. We conducted sensitivity analysis using OH definition of systolic BP decrease of at least 30 mmHg.FindingsAmong 57 participants, mean orthostatic systolic BP change was −7.30 (20) mmHg and mean ECV/weight was 0.24 (0.04) L/kg. Post‐HD ECV/weight was not associated with orthostatic systolic BP change (β = 8.2, p = 0.6). There were 16 participants with and 41 participants without OH. The ECV/weight did not differ between these groups (0.22 [0.04] vs. 0.24 [0.05] L/Kg, p = 0.09) and did not predict OH in logistic regression (OR 11, 4.04; 95% CI 0.2–671, 0.03–0.530 in the two models.) In a sensitivity analysis, ECV/weight was lower in the OH group (0.22 [0.03] vs. 0.25 [0.04] L/kg, p = 0.005), but this was accompanied by differences in sex and diabetes. Using logistic regression, there was no independent association between ECV/weight with OH.DiscussionOrthostatic systolic BP change after HD completion is not a reliable indicator of posthemodialysis ECV. When considering other factors associated with orthostatic BP, ECV/weight is not independently associated with OH. Although transient postdialytic differences in intravascular volume may be associated with OH, posthemodialysis OH does not necessarily indicate ECV depletion.
Linking individuals’ resources with (perceived) sustainable employability: Perspectives from conservation of resources and social information processing theory
Authors: Jabeen Qudsia , Nadeem Muhammadi Sabra , Raziq Muhammad Mustafa , Sajjad Aymen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRapid technological advances, socio‐economic changes, globalization and increasingly dynamic working environments continue to present unique challenges for individuals with regard to sustaining their employability. While previous research highlights key factors that shape an individual's employability and ways of getting employment, there is a paucity of research on sustainable employability. To bridge this gap, this paper adopts an integrative review methodology to assess, analyse and synthesize extant literature on sustainable employability with the main focus on its antecedents. Building on conservation of resources theory and social information processing theory, our analysis demonstrates that sustainable employability involves three key components: employability, vitality and work ability. The analysis further reveals that sustainable employability can be achieved through selected personal and social support resources. Based on these we develop an integrative sustainable employability framework proposing personal and social support resources as key antecedents of sustainable employability. Personal resources comprise career competencies, psychological capital, mindfulness, core self‐evaluations and emotional intelligence. Social support resources are provided by co‐workers and supervisors and exhibited as social cues. With that, we extend and contribute to the sustainable employability literature by offering avenues for future research. From a managerial perspective, this review holds important implications for individuals to enrich their working capabilities as well as organizations to employ productive individuals.
La répartition fonctionnelle des revenus et les institutions du marché du travail: les deux grands absents du débat sur la croissance inclusive
Authors: ÁLVAREZ Ignacio , KEUNE Maarten , CRUCES Jesús , UXÓ Jorge 
Published: August 2021

RésuméLes auteurs se demandent si les déclarations des institutions internationales en matière de croissance inclusive sont bien compatibles avec les recommandations formulées par ailleurs. Ils attirent aussi l'attention sur deux éléments clés du débat, souvent ignorés: la répartition fonctionnelle des revenus et la couverture conventionnelle. En utilisant un panel de quarante‐deux pays avancés, suivis de 1990 à 2018, ils montrent que le premier de ces éléments influe fortement sur les disparités de revenu, et le second, sur les variations de la part salariale et des inégalités. Pour promouvoir la croissance inclusive, les organisations devraient donc inclure ces éléments dans leur réflexion sur la politique à mener.
Une harmonisation imparfaite: conflits et relations professionnelles dans les secteurs des taxis et de l'assainissement en Chine
Authors: ZHANG Hao , FRIEDMAN Eli 
Published: August 2021

RésuméDans les années 1990, les villes chinoises ont ouvert les services municipaux au marché, une décision à l'origine de nombreux conflits sociaux. Les autorités locales ont alors cherché à harmoniser et à reréglementer les conditions d'emploi des travailleurs concernés. À partir de plusieurs études de cas sur les secteurs des taxis et de l'assainissement, à Wenzhou et Guangzhou, les auteurs constatent que celles‐ci ont mobilisé trois stratégies à cet effet: la syndicalisation, l'action publique et la concentration. Cependant, l'institutionnalisation est restée limitée, et les conflits ont perduré, avec quelques nuances. Les auteurs concluent en comparant les stratégies décrites à celles institutionnalisées en Occident.
La OIT y la eficacia personal de las normas internacionales del trabajo. Menos sencillo de lo que parece
Authors: DE STEFANO Valerio 
Published: August 2021

ResumenEste artículo examina la eficacia personal de las normas internacionales del trabajo de la OIT. Observa que no establecen una definición universal de «empleado» ni de «relación de trabajo». Por consiguiente, cuando utilizan dichos términos, su alcance debe determinarse caso por caso y remitiéndose a los trabajos preparatorios y a las opiniones de los órganos de control de la OIT. Se analizan aquí en profundidad las referencias a los convenios fundamentales de la OIT por parte de los órganos de control y los debates más recientes de la OIT sobre la eficacia personal de las normas internacionales del trabajo.
Impact of Affect Balance on Cognitive and Physical Function in Adults With and Without Fibromyalgia
Authors: Quinn Taylor , Aquino Jordan , Marelich William , Rutledge Dana N. , Zettel‐Watson Laura , Cherry Barbara J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the potential benefits of heightened levels of affect balance in older adults with and without chronic pain on various cognitive domains, physical performance, and perceived cognitive and physical health.MethodNinety‐one older adults, some with and some without fibromyalgia (FM) participated. Objective tests included cognitive (immediate and delayed recall, delayed recognition—CERAD 10‐item word list) and physical measures (Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale; lower body strength—30‐s chair stand; gait velocity—30‐ft. walk). Self‐report measures were problems with forgetting, activities of daily living (perceived function), and affect (Positive and Negative Affect Scale [PANAS]). Affect balance was calculated as positive minus negative affect from the PANAS.ResultsHierarchical regression analyses revealed that—regardless of FM status—higher affect balance was associated with better episodic memory performance (immediate recall, delayed recognition), better balance, enhanced lower body strength (more chair stands), and healthier gait (30‐ft. walk), as well as less forgetfulness and better perceived functional health.ConclusionIncreased affect balance was associated with better objective and subjective health in older adults both without and with chronic pain. Positive psychology treatments which increase affect balance are easy to administer, cost effective, and may add an important, additional treatment modality for maintaining health in normal aging adults as well as those with chronic pain.Clinical RelevanceIn order to help patients with healthy aging, nurses need to be aware of the potential long‐term effect of emotional state on overall function and be able to counsel patients regarding potential treatments to enhance positive global emotions such as resilience.
Obstructive sleep apnea and injury events in Taiwanese adults: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Chia‐Ling , Su Mei‐Chen , Lin Chun‐Ping , Sun Chien‐An , Chung Chi‐Hsiang , Chien Wu‐Chien 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to examine the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis and diverse types of injuries.DesignThis population‐based retrospective cohort study compared records from 2000 to 2013 in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database.Methods3025 patients identified with OSA were compared against the control cohort consisting of 12,100 age‐ and sex‐matched patients. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to estimate the effects of OSA on injury risk.FindingsPatients with OSA exhibited a significantly higher overall incidence of injury of 2599 per 100,000 person‐years compared to the control cohort (2248 per 100,000 person‐years). After the confounding factors were considered, subjects with OSA showed a higher risk of injury than subjects in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.64–1.93). The risk of unintentional injury (traffic, poisoning, falls) and intentional injury (suicide) in the group of patients with OSA was higher than that in the controls.ConclusionsOur study strongly supports the conclusion that adults with OSA are at increased risk of injury.Clinical relevanceThe present results indicate the significance of OSA as a predictor of injury risk, which will provide valuable information for clinical practice and injury prevention.