bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of virtual laboratory applications based on virtual reality using the requirements engineering method
Authors: Saptadi S , Arliawan M A , Nurkertamanda D , Widharto Y , Wicaksono P A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The virtual laboratory application that has been designed in Industrial Engineering Department of Diponegoro University can simulate several work operations on turning machines as well as the introduction of tools to the work process bench. In addition to these aspects, applications that have been designed also do not provide a virtual environment that has complete equipment such as in a production system laboratory. Another drawback is that there is no usage guide in the form of a video tutorial for an initial understanding of users when operating a work operation on a turning machine. In practice, mistakes still occur frequently in working on turning machines. According to students, errors often occur due to a lack of understanding from students themselves even though virtual reality tools have been provided in the training of turning machine operations. Based on that problem this research tries to develop virtual laboratory using the Requirement Engineering method and HTC VIVE Pro Full Kit hardware that can correct the shortcomings of the previous development. The output of this research is a virtual reality-based virtual laboratory application that has been tested and evaluated by considering several aspects such as interaction, visualization, information, reusability, performance, and reliability.
The virtual laboratory for turning machine operations using the goal-directed design method in the production system laboratory as simulation devices
Authors: Widharto Y , Tahqiqi M R , Nurkertamanda D , Saptadi S , Wicaksono P A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Virtual laboratory is an interactive learning media that is more effective than conventional media. The implementation and development of the virtual laboratory technology was carried out in the production system laboratory of the Industrial Engineering Department. This is an improvement effort from previous research that still has some shortcomings, especially in aspects of user interaction with the virtual environment. This development is increasingly important because of the frequency of human error when practical activities are running. The development of this virtual laboratory follows the ADDIE model which includes the process of analyzing, designing, developing, implementation, and evaluation. The method for developing virtual laboratories is carried out using the principle of Goal-Directed Design which focuses on user goals. GDD consists of several phases, namely research, modeling, requirements definition, framework definition, refinement, and development support. The output of this method is a virtual laboratory application that has been created with a unity 3D game engine and will be installed on HTC Vive Pro hardware. Evaluation is carried out using a Likert scale by considering aspects of evaluating functional and non-functional requirements. Functional aspects consist of aspects of interaction, visualization, and information. Nonfunctional aspects consist of aspects of usability, performance, and reliability.
NO2gas sensor properties of In2O3-CuO Nanocomposite thin films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis
Authors: Hmeed Abd alhameed A. , Al-Jumaili Hamid S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe NO2gas sensor was synthesized from In2O3-CuO Nanocomposite thin films, deposited on glass substrate, with different mixing ratios (5, 15)Vol% of copper oxide, by chemical spray pyrolysis technique, at 400°C. The X-ray diffraction results showed that all the prepared films are polycrystalline, crystalline size in the range of (27.9 - 13.79 nm) with mixed ratio from 0 -15 Vol% of CuO respectively. From atomic force microscopy (AFM), the grain size ranged from (107.5 - 52.35 nm), and the prepared films have average roughness of (3.13-17.7 nm). The results of (UV-visible spectrometer) showed that the prepared films have high transmittance, and direct energy gap (3.5 -3.15) eV. The prepared films showed a high sensitivity to NO2with a concentration of 193ppm. For the unmixed films, the sensitivity reached (89.77%) with an equal response and recovery times of (24s), at 200°C operating temperature. The mixture thin films gave less sensitivity than unmixed indium oxide thin films.
Studying the Nuclear Structure of the (

70172Yb102

) Deformed Nucleus using (IBM-1) and (GVMI) Models
Authors: Al-Fahdawi Saad Hameed , Aobaid Ali Kalaf 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this research, some properties of the nuclear structure of even-even

70

172

Y

b

102

deformed nucleus were studied with dynamic symmetry SU (3). The energy levels E (L), excited energy levels (Eγ
), and electric quadrupole moment(QL
) were calculated using a set of parameters in the calculation to obtain a match with the practical values available using the first interacting boson model. IBM-1 and generalized variable moment of inertia (GVMI) model, The calculated results are in good agreement with the available practical values, especially, the values calculated according to the GVMI program. The phenomenon of band intersection, and back bending were also studied, the results showed no effect of the moment of inertia on the shape of the nucleus under consideration, because the back bending phenomenon was not occur.
An analytical approach to symmetry breaking in multipole RF-traps
Authors: Marchenay M , Pedregosa-Gutierrez J , Knoop M , Houssin M , Champenois C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Radio-frequency (RF) linear multipole traps have been shown to be very sensitive to mis-positioning of their electrodes, which results in a symmetry breaking and leads to extra local minima in the trapping potential as shown in Pedregosa-Gutierrez et al (2018 J. Mod. Opt.
65 529) disturbing the operation of the trap. In this work, we analytically describe the RF-potential of a realistic octupole trap by including lower order terms to the well-established equation for a perfectly symmetric octupole trap. We describe the geometry by a combination of identified defects, characterized by simple analytical expressions. A complete equation is proposed for a trap with any electrode deviation relying on a combination of the simple cases where the defects are taken individually. Our approach is validated by comparison between analytical and numerical results for defect sizes up to 4% of the trap radius. As described in Pedregosa-Gutierrez et al (2018 Rev. Sci. Instrum.
89 123101), an independent fine-tuning of the amplitude of the RF voltage applied on each electrode can be used to mitigate the geometrical defects of a realistic trap. In a different way than in Pedregosa-Gutierrez et al (2018 Rev. Sci. Instrum.
89 123101), the knowledge of an analytical equation for the potential allows to design the set of RF-voltages required for this compensation, based on the experimental measurement of the ion positions in the trap, without information concerning the exact position of each electrode, and with a small number of iterations. The requirements, performances and limitations of this protocol are discussed via comparison of numerical simulations and analytical results.
Dynamic and thermodynamic modulations of the convectively coupled equatorial waves by the MJO
Authors: Zhu Yan , Li Tim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs), including the Kelvin, mixed-Rossby gravity (MRG), eastward inertio-gravity (EIG), and westward inertio-gravity (WIG) waves, are dominant synoptic-scale waves in the tropics. In this study, the modulation of the CCEWs by the MJO is examined with observational data from 1985–2005 over the Indian Ocean (IO), Maritime Continent (MC), and Western Pacific (WP). We find that the MRG wave is strengthened (weakened) to the west (east) of the MJO convection. In contrast, the Kelvin, WIG and EIG waves are mostly strengthened over the MJO convective center. As MJO modulates the background vertical wind shear and moisture fields, a further analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between the background dynamic and thermodynamic field changes and the wave intensity change. A significant negative correlation between the MJO-scale vertical wind shear and the MRG intensity variation suggests that the MRG wave is primarily modulated by the dynamic field. The intensity changes of the WIG and EIG waves are significantly correlated to the MJO moisture field. The Kelvin wave, which has both quasi-geostrophic and gravity wave nature, is modulated by both the MJO-scale vertical wind shear and specific humidity.
Isotherm measurements of high-pressure metal hydrides for hydrogen compressors
Authors: Smith D Barton , Bowman Robert C , Anovitz Lawrence M , Corgnale Claudio , Sulic Martin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen absorption and desorption isotherms have been measured for several metal hydride alloys identified as possible candidates in the high-pressure (i.e. >80 MPa) stage of a two-stage hydrogen compressor. The isotherms were obtained using two independent Sieverts volumetric test systems built specifically for measuring hydrogen absorption and desorption parameters from 0.10 to 100 MPa. The results obtained enabled us to identify the alloy Ti0.8Zr0.2Fe1.6V0.4 as the most viable of the candidates investigated for use in the high-pressure stage of a prototype two-stage 80+ MPa compressor, as it produced the highest desorption pressures at moderate temperatures. Issues and challenges in determining reliable isotherms at pressures >50 MPa are also described.
Functional long non-coding and circular RNAs in zebrafish
Authors: Ranjan Gyan , Sehgal Paras , Sharma Disha , Scaria Vinod , Sivasubbu Sridhar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The utility of model organisms to understand the function of a novel transcript/genes has allowed us to delineate their molecular mechanisms in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Organisms such as zebrafish have contributed a lot in the field of developmental and disease biology. Attributable to advancement and deep transcriptomics, many new transcript isoforms and non-coding RNAs such as long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified and cataloged in multiple databases and many more are yet to be identified. Various methods and tools have been utilized to identify lncRNAs/circRNAs in zebrafish using deep sequencing of transcriptomes as templates. Functional analysis of a few candidates such as tie1-AS, ECAL1 and CDR1as in zebrafish provides a prospective outline to approach other known or novel lncRNA/circRNA. New genetic alteration tools like TALENS and CRISPRs have helped in probing for the molecular function of lncRNA/circRNA in zebrafish. Further latest improvements in experimental and computational techniques offer the identification of lncRNA/circRNA counterparts in humans and zebrafish thereby allowing easy modeling and analysis of function at cellular level.
Discussion on the development direction of hydropower in China
Authors: Bin Duan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hydropower is the second largest conventional energy resource in China. It is a renewable energy with mature technology, flexible operation, cleanliness and low carbon. A hydropower project has flood control, a water supply, navigation, irrigation and other comprehensive utilization functions. The new era in China is guided by the new energy-security strategy of ‘four revolutions and one cooperation’ and the new development concept of ‘innovation, coordination, green development, openness and sharing’. According to the dual nature of water and electricity, this paper deepens the basic understanding of hydropower from the experience of the world, the difficult problems of hydropower in China and the long-term development of hydropower enterprises. The future direction of hydropower development is explored from the following aspects: high-quality development of follow-up hydropower projects, innovative utilization of existing hydropower value, creative pursuit of hydropower-benefit growth and high-level promotion of hydropower international cooperation.
MENSAdb: a thorough structural analysis of membrane protein dimers
Authors: Matos-Filipe Pedro , Preto António J , Koukos Panagiotis I , Mourão Joana , Bonvin Alexandre M J J , Moreira Irina S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Membrane proteins (MPs) are key players in a variety of different cellular processes and constitute the target of around 60% of all Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs. Despite their importance, there is still a massive lack of relevant structural, biochemical and mechanistic information mainly due to their localization within the lipid bilayer. To help fulfil this gap, we developed the MEmbrane protein dimer Novel Structure Analyser database (MENSAdb). This interactive web application summarizes the evolutionary and physicochemical properties of dimeric MPs to expand the available knowledge on the fundamental principles underlying their formation. Currently, MENSAdb contains features of 167 unique MPs (63% homo- and 37% heterodimers) and brings insights into the conservation of residues, accessible solvent area descriptors, average B-factors, intermolecular contacts at 2.5 Å and 4.0 Å distance cut-offs, hydrophobic contacts, hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, π–π stacking, T-stacking and cation–π interactions. The regular update and organization of all these data into a unique platform will allow a broad community of researchers to collect and analyse a large number of features efficiently, thus facilitating their use in the development of prediction models associated with MPs.
Database URL: http://www.moreiralab.com/resources/mensadb.
Machine learning and applications in microbiology
Authors: Goodswen Stephen J , Barratt Joel L N , Kennedy Paul J , Kaufer Alexa , Calarco Larissa , Ellis John T 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
To understand the intricacies of microorganisms at the molecular level requires making sense of copious volumes of data such that it may now be humanly impossible to detect insightful data patterns without an artificial intelligence application called machine learning. Applying machine learning to address biological problems is expected to grow at an unprecedented rate, yet it is perceived by the uninitiated as a mysterious and daunting entity entrusted to the domain of mathematicians and computer scientists. The aim of this review is to identify key points required to start the journey of becoming an effective machine learning practitioner. These key points are further reinforced with an evaluation of how machine learning has been applied so far in a broad scope of real-life microbiology examples. This includes predicting drug targets or vaccine candidates, diagnosing microorganisms causing infectious diseases, classifying drug resistance against antimicrobial medicines, predicting disease outbreaks and exploring microbial interactions. Our hope is to inspire microbiologists and other related researchers to join the emerging machine learning revolution.
Using environmental variation to optimize aerial surveys of harbour seals
Authors: Galatius Anders , Engbo Søs Gerster , Teilmann Jonas , Beest Floris M van 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Harbour seals are surveyed aerially when they haul-out to moult in August. The proportion of the population hauled out throughout the year is related to temporal, environmental, and meteorological variables. Thus, monitoring is conducted under predefined ranges of conditions. Effects of variation within these ranges are rarely reviewed. We used linear models to assess effects of time, date and weather on the difference between counts predicted by a population growth model and observed counts, based on a 30-year time-series. Our top-ranked model explained 34.4% of the variance. Survey date and its interaction with survey year were the most important variables, with higher counts earlier in August, particularly early in the time series, where surveys may not have been timed optimally to capture the peak in the moult. Cloud cover, wind speed, temperature, and interactions between these were of lesser importance; there were fewer seals on land during cloudy, windy days and on clear, warm days. These effects of weather are likely related to temperature regulation. Power analyses suggested that correction for survey conditions would allow detection of a one percentage point annual change in population growth rate with 80% power 4 years sooner than without taking survey conditions into account.
Information and communications technology use among young female sex workers participating in a randomised human immunodeficiency virus prevention trial in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Kasujja Francis X , Mutabazi Hillary , Muhanguzi Eva , Seeley Janet , King Rachel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
This study was conducted to determine the level and feasibility of use of information and communication technology (ICT) and social media for research and service delivery among young female sex workers (YFSWs) in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods
We analysed baseline data from 234 YFSWs in Kampala ages 15–24 y participating in a randomized controlled trial testing a cognitive behavioural human immunodeficiency virus prevention intervention.

Results
Mobile phone ownership (68.3%) and short message service use (64.9%) were moderate and significantly lower in the 15- to 19-y age group. Computer use experience and internet access were low.

Conclusions
We believe that the feasibility of ICT and social media-driven interventions among YFSWs is limited.
Performance Characteristics of Refined LC–FLD and HILIC–MS/MS Methods for the Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shrimp, Whelk, and Crab
Authors: Dean Karl J , Hatfield Robert G , Turner Andrew D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Paralytic Shellfish Poison (PSP) toxins have been reported in non-bivalve shellfish species, including crustaceans and gastropods. Routine surveillance of these species is currently conducted in parts of England. To date, detection methods have not been validated for these matrices. Validation is required to ensure the test is fit for purpose, to give greater confidence in any results generated and ultimately facilitates accreditation.

Objective
The aim was to test and validate two independent PSP toxin detection methods previously validated for bivalve shellfish matrices, for applicability to commercial non-bivalve species of interest.

Methods
Matrices were shrimp (Crangon crangon), common whelk (Buccinum undatum), and edible crab (Cancer pagurus). The two methods assessed were the pre-column oxidation high-performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection AOAC 2005.06 Official Method of analysis and an internationally validated hydrophilic interaction chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. Brown and white crab meat were assessed separately.

Results
A refined extraction protocol was implemented with an increased solvent to sample ratio. The same extraction protocol was utilized for both methods, allowing both methods to be run simultaneously. Method sensitivity, recovery, repeatability, and method uncertainty were characterized in all matrix/toxin combinations. Overall, both methods performed similarly to that previously reported in bivalve mollusks. Acceptability of the majority of toxin/matrix combinations was evidenced through comparison of method performance characteristics against specific performance criteria, including Horwitz ratio values.

Conclusions
Both PSP toxin detection methods were found to provide acceptable performance for the monitoring of shrimp, whelk, and crab species.

Highlights
Two PSP toxin detection methods have been single-laboratory validated successfully for three non-bivalve shellfish species.
Autonomous Weapons and the Responsibility Gap in light of the Mens Rea of the War Crime of Attacking Civilians in the ICC Statute
Authors: Bo Marta 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Within the broader context of the problems raised by the interaction between humans and machines in weaponry and targeting, this paper deals with the specific issue of the mens rea required to establish responsibility for the war crime of indiscriminate attacks, in the context of attacks performed with semi-autonomous weapons or with the support of artificial intelligence (AI) in targeting decision-making. The author presents the difficulties that are determined by the interaction between humans and machines, and highlights that an interpretation that would allow for risk-taking mental elements such as dolus eventualis and recklessness in the framework of the war crime of attacking civilians would be better able to capture the criminality of the conduct of the person who knowingly accepts the risk of killing civilians as part of an AI-powered attack where the result of hitting the civilian target is one of the possible outcomes. However, the article indicates that this construction can be employed only in specific circumstances, since in most scenarios even these lowered mens rea requirements would not be met. In most human-machine teaming scenarios, lower types of intent such as dolus eventualis would still be insufficient for the ascription of criminal responsibility for such indiscriminate attacks against civilians. This is because of the specific risks posed by the integration of autonomy in the targeting process and the resulting changes to the cognitive environment in which human agents operate, which significantly affect specific components of mens rea standards.
Pathways of Representation in Network Governance: Evidence from Multi-Jurisdictional Disasters
Authors: Steelman Toddi , Nowell Branda , Velez Anne-Lise , Scott Ryan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGovernance systems reconcile diverse interests to enable collective decision-making and action. Questions related to representation in the governance of networks are addressed in the literature; underexplored is the empirical variation in governance arrangements and pathways of representation. Complex, multi-jurisdictional disasters provide a robust theoretical and empirical context in which to investigate network governance pathways due to the tensions between democratic principles of representation and the need for timely, expert-informed response actions. In this article, we address three questions related to network governance, representation, and complex disasters: what governance structures allow for a representation of diverse interests? What governance structures provide a perception of voice to key affected parties? And where do we see variation in the kinds of structures that give voice to these entities? Using an inductive, grounded theory approach along with mixed methods that include case studies, interviews, and archival data in the form ICS 209 incident reports, we provide evidence from 10 of the most jurisdictionally complex wildfires that took place in 2017. In doing so, we introduce the distinction between macro and micro structures of network governance for understanding more precisely the pathways by which representation occurs and how representation functions in disaster networks. There is no singular normative goal when we think about network governance and representation in disasters; rather there are competing contingencies that emerge out of complex contexts. We propose four key propositions to guide further work in this arena.