bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower Retinal Arteriolar Density Is Associated With Higher Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study
Authors: Cao Le , Wang Hang , Hao Jinkui , Kwapong William Robert , Xiong Zhouwei , Wang Ruilin , Ye Chen , Zhao Yitian , Wu Bo , Tao Wendan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionIt is suggested that cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) plays a role in strokes and dementia. Retinal microvasculature imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is suggested to be associated with cerebral microvessels. We measured the density of the retinal arterioles and venules on the superficial vascular complex (SVC) of OCTA images and investigated associations with SVD markers in older adults.MethodsParticipants underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging and OCTA imaging. An external algorithm (OCTA‐Net) was used to segment the retinal vessels into arterioles and venules. SVD indicators [lacunes, white matter hyperintensity (WMH), perivascular spaces (PVS) and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs)] were determined according to the STandards for ReportIng Vascular changes on nEuroimaging (STRIVE)Results246 older adults (mean age = 58.84 ± 7.00 years; 38.21 % males) were included in our data analysis. After adjusting for covariates, lower retinal arteriole densities correlated with higher periventricular WMH (p = 0.025) and PVS in the basal ganglia (p = 0.027). Lower retinal venule density correlated with higher deep WMH burden (p = 0.014). Lower arteriolar density was associated with increased SVD burden (p = 0.035). Arteriolar complex branching was associated with periventricular WMH (p = 0.020) while venular complex branching was associated with deep WMH (p = 0.041).ConclusionRetinal vascular changes may reflect cerebral vascular changes as evidenced by OCTA‐derived metrics.
Mechanistic Understanding of the Solid Product in O2‐Involved Li‐CO2 Batteries
Authors: Yan Aijing , Xiao Xu , Zhang Zhuojun , Zhao Zehui , Hao Yasen , Qiu Tenghui , Tan Peng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLithium carbonate, a solid discharge product, is closely associated with the discharge performance of oxygen‐involved lithium‐carbon dioxide batteries that exacerbates concentration polarization and electrode passivation. Although numerous strategies to enhance battery performance have progressed, the mechanistic understanding of lithium carbonate on oxygen‐involved lithium‐carbon dioxide batteries is still confusing. Herein, the effects of lithium carbonate over past decades are traced, including the lithium carbonate product morphology, reaction pathway, formation intermediate, and growth mechanism. The lithium carbonate nucleation and growth are crucial factors that influence battery performance. This perspective proposes a brand‐new growth mechanism coupling of solution and surface mechanisms based on experimental results and theories, which extends the growth space of the product and enhances the discharge capacity. Developing advanced technologies are expected to reveal complex lithium carbonate formation pathways and spearhead advanced oxygen‐involved lithium‐carbon dioxide batteries.
Elucidating the Interplay Between Structure and Electrochemical Behavior in Lignin‐Based Polymer Electrolytes for Potassium Batteries
Authors: Pascuzzi Giuseppe , Trano Sabrina , Francia Carlotta , Turri Stefano , Bella Federico , Griffini Gianmarco 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPotassium batteries are very appealing for stationary applications and domestic use, offering a promising alternative to lithium‐ion systems. To improve their safety and environmental impact, gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) based on bioderived materials can be employed. In this work, a series of biobased membranes are developed by crosslinking pre‐oxidized Kraft lignin as bio‐based component and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) as functional linker with 200, 500, and 1000 g mol−1 molecular weight. The influence of PEGDGE chain length on the physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance of GPEs for potassium batteries is investigated. These membranes exhibit thermal stability above 240°C and tunable glass transition temperatures depending on the PEGDGE molecular weight. Their mechanical properties are determined by rheology measurements in dry and swollen states, evidencing a slight decrease of elastic modulus (G′) by increasing PEGDGE chain length. An approximately one‐order‐of‐magnitude lower G′ value is observed in swollen membranes versus their dry counterpart. Upon successful activation of the lignin‐based membranes by swelling in the liquid electrolyte embedding potassium salts, these GPEs are tested in potassium metal cell prototypes. These systems exhibit ionic conductivity of ~10−3 S cm−1 at ambient temperature. Interestingly, battery devices equipped with the GPE based on PEGDGE 1000 g mol−1 withstand current densities as high as 1.5 mA cm−2 during operation. Moreover, the same devices reach specific capacities of 130 mAh g‒1 at 0.05 A g−1 in the first 100 cycles and long‐term operation for over 2500 cycles, representing outstanding achievements as bio‐sourced systems for potassium batteries.
Helicobacter pylori CagA elevates FTO to induce gastric cancer progression via a “hit‐and‐run” paradigm
Authors: He Bing , Hu Yiyang , Wu Yuyun , Wang Chao , Gao Limin , Gong Chunli , Li Zhibin , Gao Nannan , Yang Huan , Xiao Yufeng , Yang Shiming 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection contributes significantly to gastric cancer (GC) progression. The intrinsic mechanisms of H. pylori‐host interactions and their role in promoting GC progression need further investigation. In this study, we explored the potential role of fat mass and obesity‐associated protein (FTO) in mediating Cytotoxin‐associated gene A (CagA)‐induced GC progression.MethodsThe effects of H. pylori infection on N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification were evaluated in both human samples and GC cell lines. The function of FTO in the progression of GC was elucidated through in vitro and in vivo studies. A series of techniques, including methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, RNA sequencing, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, were utilized to investigate the mechanism by which FTO mediates the capacity of cagA‐positive H. pylori to promote GC progression. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of the FTO inhibitor meclofenamic acid (MA) in impeding GC progression was evaluated across GC cells, animal models, and human GC organoids.ResultsInfection with cagA‐positive H. pylori upregulated the expression of FTO, which was essential for CagA‐mediated GC metastasis and significantly associated with a poor prognosis in GC patients. Mechanistically, CagA delivered by H. pylori enhanced FTO transcription via Jun proto‐oncogene. Elevated FTO induced demethylation of m6A and inhibited the degradation of heparin‐binding EGF‐like growth factor (HBEGF), thereby facilitating the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in GC cells. Interestingly, eradication of H. pylori did not fully reverse the increases in FTO and HBEGF levels induced by cagA‐positive H. pylori. However, treatment with a combination of antibiotics and MA substantially inhibited cagA‐positive H. pylori‐induced EMT and prevented GC metastasis.ConclusionOur study revealed that FTO mediates the “hit‐and‐run” mechanism of CagA‐induced GC progression, which suggests that the therapeutic targeting of FTO could offer a promising approach to the prevention of CagA‐induced cancer progression.
Occupational Outcomes of Counselor Education Graduates From 2014 to 2022
Authors: Hatchett Gregory T. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study cataloged the occupational outcomes attained by 2946 counselor education graduates who completed their doctoral degrees between 2014 and 2022. A position as a full‐time counselor educator was the most common occupation; this outcome could be predicted from the institutional affiliations, Carnegie Classifications, and locations of graduates' doctoral‐degree‐granting universities.
A Novel, Simple, Isocratic HPLC‐UV Method for Determination of Chiral Purity for Dibenzoyl‐L‐Tartaric Acid (L‐DBTA)
Authors: Gollapudi Pradeep Kumar , Nimmagadda Padmaja , Gollapudi Kranthi Kumar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDibenzoyl‐L‐tartaric acid (L‐DBTA) is a crucial compound in the synthesis of chiral molecules, particularly within the pharmaceutical industry. Ensuring the enantiomeric purity of L‐DBTA is essential for regulatory compliance, quality control, and process optimization. To achieve this, a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for determining the D‐DBTA content in L‐DBTA. The method validation adhered to ICH Q2(R2) guidelines, covering parameters such as system suitability, solution stability, robustness, linearity, range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision. HPLC separation was performed using a Chiral PAK IA column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of n‐heptane, isopropanol (IPA), and trifluoroacetic acid (900:100:1 v/v/v). The column temperature was maintained at 40°C, and the sample cooler was kept at ambient conditions. Detection was carried out at 230 nm, achieving a resolution greater than 1.5 between L‐DBTA and D‐DBTA. The method demonstrated excellent linearity over a range of 30%–200% of the specification limit, with accuracy and range established from the LOQ level to 200%. Solution stability was confirmed for 1 day at room temperature, and precision was validated at both the LOQ and 100% levels. All validation parameters met the acceptance criteria, confirming the method's suitability for routine testing and batch release at quality control sites. This HPLC method is both sensitive and selective, ensuring the reliable determination of chiral purity in L‐DBTA and its impurities.
Optimizing FECAF in MTSFM Waveforms Using Conjugate Gradient Descent With Efficient Line Search for Radar and Sonar Applications
Authors: Reddy G. Ravi Shankar , Pandu J. , Babu C. H. Ashok 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOptimizing waveforms in radar and sonar systems is crucial for enhancing spectral efficiency and target detection capabilities, yet this process often faces challenges like computational complexity and convergence issues. This research introduces a novel method that leverages the frequency‐domain exponential cross ambiguity function (FECAF) within multi‐tone sinusoidal frequency modulated (MTSFM) waveforms, combined with the Conjugate Gradient Method with Efficient Line Search (CGM‐ELS) for optimization. The optimization of MTSFM waveforms is achieved by combining the generalized integrated sidelobe level (GISL) and peak‐to‐mean power envelope ratio (PMEPR) metrics. The GISL metric controls the main lobe and sidelobe structure of the waveform's autocorrelation function (ACF), quantifying unwanted energy in sidelobes to find an optimal compromise. PMEPR ensures efficient operation of radar or sonar transmitters by minimizing energy variations in the waveform's envelope, which is crucial for peak power‐limited systems. To optimize these metrics, the CGM‐ELS algorithm is employed, ensuring efficient convergence through iterative adjustment of waveform parameters based on gradient information and penalty functions. The proposed method transforms the optimization problem into an unconstrained format, reducing computational complexity and improving convergence rates. Experimental results have shown significant enhancements in computational efficiency and convergence rate, demonstrating the effectiveness of the CGM‐ELS algorithm in synthesizing waveforms with optimal ambiguity function characteristics for radar and sonar applications.
Deciphering the spectra of flowers to map landscape‐scale blooming dynamics
Authors: Angel Yoseline , Raiho Ann , Kathuria Dhruva , Chadwick K. Dana , Brodrick Philip G. , Lang Evan , Ochoa Francisco , Shiklomanov Alexey N. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLike leaves, floral coloration is driven by inherent optical properties, which are determined by pigments, scattering structure, and thickness. However, establishing the relative contribution of these factors to canopy spectral signals is usually limited to in situ observations. Modeling flowering dynamics (e.g., blooming duration, spatial distribution) at the landscape scale may reveal insights into ecological processes and phenological adaptations to environmental changes. Multi‐temporal visible to shortwave infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectroscopy observations are especially suited for such efforts. Reflectance in this spectral range is sensitive to major flower pigments, flowering phenology traces, and biophysical differences between flowers and other plant parts. We explored how flowers contribute to spectral signals using a time series of imagery from the Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer‐Next Generation (AVIRIS‐NG) collected as part of the Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) High‐Frequency Time Series (SHIFT) campaign as a case study. Airborne data were collected weekly during the spring of 2022 across two natural reserves in California. Field spectra were gathered from blooming plots at leaf, flower, and canopy levels at two time points during the campaign. The processed data were used to investigate flowering species' spectro‐temporal variation and spatial distribution using spectral mixture residual (SMR), Gaussian clustering techniques, and a proposed narrow‐band flowering index. Linear spectral unmixing allowed the computation of the weighted contribution of four major high‐variance endmembers (leaves, flowers, soil, and dark) and low‐variance residual signal that comprises subtle spectral features used to track biophysical processes. The reflectance residual was projected on a low principal component basis to characterize flowering clusters' variation and spatial distribution based on the Gaussian mixture model, providing an uncertainty metric to assess the results. Mapping flowering events from modeling spectro‐temporal dynamics throughout the season, from pre‐blooming to post‐flowering stages, allowed us to identify gradient variations in spectral features within the VSWIR spectral range linked to flowering pigments. Time series of the Mixture Residual Blooming Index and the Red‐Edge Normalized Difference Vegetation Index revealed specific flowering and greenness phenophases across the two main species (Coreopsis gigantea, Artemisia californica) in the flowering areas. Overall, our approach opens opportunities for future satellite monitoring of floral cycles at broader scales.
Nutritional Literacy for Individual Oral Health Among Village Health Volunteers in Public Health Region 1 of Thailand
Authors: Sorasak Chollada , Nak‐Ai Worayuth , Yuennan Choosak , Wongsapai Mansuang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundOral health issues persistently affect the overall health and well‐being of rural populations. Village health volunteers (VHVs) play a crucial role in advancing oral health literacy in their community. This study aimed to examine the factors related to nutritional literacy for oral health among VHVs.MethodsThis was a mixed‐methods study employing an explanatory sequential design. The quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires distributed to a cohort of 10,514 VHVs registered in Health Region 1. A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure adequate representation of various subgroups within the VHV population, considering factors such as age, education level, and geographical distribution across the region. This approach allowed for a more representative sample that accurately reflects the diversity of the VHV population. Qualitative data were obtained through semi‐structured interviews with a purposive sampling of 20 participants based on specific criteria. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and biserial correlation techniques, while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.ResultsThe study found that the sample group possessed a moderate level of knowledge of health literacy principles and nutrition for oral health. However, their self‐assessed skills in nutritional literacy for oral health were rated as high. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between knowledge of nutrition for oral health and skills in nutritional literacy for oral health. VHVs equated health literacy with knowledge because their public health training had focused more on imparting knowledge rather than developing skills based on health literacy principles.ConclusionThere is a need to emphasize skill‐based health literacy training and to use effective skill development techniques that are tailored to the specific roles and responsibilities of health volunteers. It is also recommended to continuously monitor and evaluate the outcomes of these efforts.
Clinical experience of using high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for treating SARS‐CoV‐2019 (COVID‐19)‐infected patients in the emergency medicine ward
Authors: Ng Yiu Chung , Ko Shing , Lui Safiyyah Nok Sze , Chan Ka In , Wong Kevin Ching Hin , Wong Oi Fung 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionDuring the fifth‐wave outbreak of COVID‐19 in Hong Kong in 2022, North Lantau Hospital (NLTH), as the designated COVID‐19 hospital in Kowloon West Cluster, offered medical support for COVID‐19 patients in the district and nearby isolation facilities. Intensive care units (ICUs) at that time were overwhelmed by the surge of patients. Training was provided to emergency medicine ward (EMW) staff for providing high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy to severely ill COVID‐19 patients who developed hypoxemia and respiratory failure in a non‐ICU setting.MethodDescriptive sharing of the clinical experience in managing patients with COVID‐19 infection who were admitted to the EMW of NLTH from March 1, 2022, to September 30, 2023, and required HFNC oxygen therapy. The associated factors for the clinical outcomes were also evaluated.ResultsDuring the study period, 22 COVID‐19 patients with hypoxemia and respiratory failure were offered HFNC oxygen therapy in the EMW of NLTH. All were elderly patients with an average age of 83.6 years and a background of multiple medical illnesses. Staff in the EMW were able to provide appropriate care for patients receiving HFNC after short training. There were no complications associated with the use of HFNC in any of the patients. Six (27.3%) patients survived their hospital admission. In general, patients with a higher ratio of peripheral saturation of oxygen (SpO2) and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) (SF ratio) after the initiation of HFNC oxygen therapy were more likely to survive.ConclusionThe use of HFNC for COVID‐19‐related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is a feasible option for care in EMW settings. Our experience suggested that HFNC served as an initial life‐sustaining treatment for elderly COVID‐19 patients with fair premorbid status who were unlikely to benefit from invasive positive‐pressure ventilation, and their prognoses could be more objectively assessed by serial monitoring of the SF ratio.
Prevalence of Depression Among Infertile Women at Center for Fertility and Reproductive Medicine in Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Beyene Zerihun , Sium Abraham Fessehaye , Gebremedhin Genet , Dereje Bethel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundScreening for depression and understanding its predictors is essential as it can inform the type and extent of psychological intervention that needs to be provided before or during infertility treatment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and associated factors among infertile women who received care at a Center for Fertility and Reproductive Medicine (CFRM) in Ethiopia.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted at CFRM in St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (Ethiopia) on women with infertility over a period of 3 months, from November 11, 2019 to February 2020. Data were collected prospectively through face‐to‐face interviews with the study participants using PHQ‐9. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Simple descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate regression analysis were performed as appropriate. Frequency, percentage, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) along with 95% CI were used to present the finding.ResultsA total of 381 infertile women were approached, and 32 women did not respond, constituting a repose rate of 91.6%. Among the 349 infertile women included in the final analysis, the prevalence of depression was found to be 42.1% (147/349). Low monthly income (AOR = 4.4, 95% CI, 1.3−14.5), unemployment (AOR = 4.3, 95% CI, 1.2−11.5), history of divorce (AOR = 4.4. 95% CI, 1.4−13.0), and partner's low level of education (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI, 1.2−8.9) were associated with detection of depression among the infertile women included in the study.ConclusionThe prevalence of depression among infertile women is lower than reports from previous studies. Regardless of this relatively low prevalence, our study supports integration of depression screening and psychological treatment for those affected before and during infertility treatments, as a vital component of healthcare infertile women.
Predictors of Adolescents' Positive and Negative Risk‐Taking: Similarities and Differences
Authors: Gao Shuyi , Wang Tianxiao , Sun Baihan , Li Danfeng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe similarities and differences between positive (PRT) and negative risk‐taking (NRT) remain unclear. The present study explored the issue in terms of sensation‐seeking, impulse control, and peer factors.MethodsAdolescents from Liaoning, China, participated in a 2‐year longitudinal study with two follow‐up surveys. The initial sample in June 2022 included 339 adolescents aged 12–15 years (51% female, Mage = 13.38). The follow‐up in June 2023 comprised 324 adolescents aged 13–16 years (52% female, Mage = 14.38) from the original sample.Results(1) Sensation seeking was positively related to PRT and NRT, motor control was negatively related to both, whereas attentional control and planning were positively related to PRT and negatively related to NRT. Moreover, Planning (T1) positively predicted PRT (T2). Additionally, changes in sensation seeking positively predicted PRT and NRT (T2), and changes in impulse control negatively predicted both. (2) Only sensation seeking and motor control interaction negatively predicted NRT but positively predicted PRT. (3) Negative peer norms were positively related to PRT and NRT, and positive peer norms was negatively related to NRT. The positive predictive effect of peer norms (T1) disappeared.ConclusionsPRT and NRT were both associated with higher sensation seeking, lower motor control and higher negative peer norm. Unlike negative risk taking, positive risk taking was associated with higher planning, the interaction between sensation‐seeking and motor control and friendship quality. Our findings provide new information on the nuances of impulse control and positive and negative risk‐taking, and have implications for understanding and promoting positive adolescent risk‐taking, and PRT is an adaptive and strategic behavior compared to negative risk‐taking, which can be facilitated by an increase in the planning and quality of friendship.