bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The improved foaming behavior of PLA caused by the enhanced rheology properties and crystallization behavior via synergistic effect of carbon nanotubes and graphene
Authors: Li Shaojie , Liao Xia , Xiao Wei , Jiang Qiuyue , Li Guangxian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHybrid fillers are expected to improve the foaming behavior of polymer while little research concern about the synergetic effect of hybrid fillers on the foaming behavior of polylactide (PLA). In current work, rheological properties and crystallization behavior of PLA modified by hybrid fillers (carbon nanotubes [CNTs] and graphene [GP]) was studied, and the foaming morphologies and properties of composite foams were investigated. Results showed that the PLA/CNTs/GP composites exhibited better filler connection, which resulted in higher melt strength and increasing crystals nucleation sites. The increased melt strength and crystals in PLA/CNTs/GP helped the matrix to withstand the bubble growth, and the collapse and coalescence of bubbles was prevented. The better cell morphology of PLA/CNTs/GP presented better filler connection and resisted the external force, thus enhanced the electrical conductivity to 1.28 × 10−1 S/m and compressive strength to 7.46 MPa for composite foams, which widened the application of PLA foams.
Standardization, objectification, and essence research of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome: A 15‐year bibliometric and content analysis from 2006 to 2020 in Web of Science database
Authors: Liu Ji‐Yan , Li Xiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe standardization, objectification, and essence research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome influence the modernization and international development of TCM syndrome. A total of 253 relevant publications collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2006 to 2020 were analyzed by bibliometric and content methods. The co‐occurrence analysis of countries, institutions, journals, authors, and keywords analysis were carried out by using Citespace software. The high‐yield institutions and high‐impact authors contributed to TCM syndrome publications were concentrated in China. Since 2012, driven by some groundbreaking publications, the number of TCM syndrome literatures has increased rapidly. According to the results of bibliometric and content analysis, research hotspots in TCM syndrome in the last 15 years can be summarized in six aspects: (a) objectification research of four TCM diagnostic methods, (b) omics technology for the essence research of TCM syndrome, (c) research on TCM syndrome evaluation scale, (d) metagenomic technology for the essence research of TCM syndrome, (e) data mining technology for TCM syndrome differentiation, and (f) systematic research on TCM syndromes of chronic hepatitis B. Emerging trends can be identified according to the most recent keywords bursts: (a) TCM syndrome diagnostic models with multiple indexes should be constructed to develop personalized medicine. (b) The connotation of TCM syndrome should be verified through “syndrome detecting from recipe used,” and the screened potential markers of TCM syndrome need clinical verification. (c) The intervention and integration of multi‐disciplines is expected to find a new breakthrough in the research of TCM syndrome.
Two‐Dimensional Halide Perovskites: Approaches to Improve Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Ajayakumar Avija , Muthu Chinnadurai , V. Dev Amarjith , Pious Johnpaul K. , Vijayakumar Chakkooth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) halide perovskites (HPs) are in the spotlight of materials science research due to their excellent photonic and electronic properties suitable for functional device applications. However, the intrinsic instability of these materials stands as a hurdle in the way to their commercialization. Recently, two‐dimensional (2D) HPs have emerged as an alternative to 3D perovskites, thanks to their excellent stability and tunable optoelectronic properties. Unlike 3D HPs, a library of 2D perovskites could be prepared by utilizing the unlimited number of organic cations since their formation is not within the boundary of the Goldschmidt tolerance factor. These materials have already proved their potential for applications such as solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, transistors, photodetectors, photocatalysis, etc. However, poor charge carrier separation and transport efficiencies of 2D HPs are the bottlenecks resulting in inferior device performances compared to their 3D analogs. This minireview focuses on how to address these issues through the adoption of different strategies and improve the optoelectronic properties of 2D perovskites.
Near‐Infrared Nonfullerene Acceptors Based on 4H‐Cyclopenta[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]dithiophene for Organic Solar Cells and Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Yuan Likai , Liang Shijie , Xiao Chengyi , Chen Qiaomei , Li Weiwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of nonfullerene small molecular acceptors (NF‐SMAs) has dominated the improvement of efficiencies for organic solar cells and the near‐infrared (NIR) absorption is the primary feature of NF‐SMAs compared with fullerene derivatives. In this article, a series of acceptor‐donor‐acceptor‐structured NF‐SMAs (named CPICs) containing 4H‐cyclopenta[1,2‐b : 5,4‐b′]dithiophene (CPDT) electron donor and F‐substituted 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (2FIC) as electron acceptor were designed and synthesized. With the increase of CPDT units, the elongated conjugations broadened the absorption range of the acceptors and tuned their energy levels sequentially. Therefore, their charge‐transporting polarities switched from electron‐only type to bipolar mode in organic field‐effect transistors. Moreover, these changes also influenced the voltages, current densities, and eventual PCEs of their corresponding cells. When blending with PBDB‐T, a champion efficiency of 10.01% was achieved in CPIC‐2 based cells. This work demonstrated the importance of absorptions, suitable energy levels and charge transports in improving the efficiencies of organic solar cells.
Protein modifications in Hedgehog signaling
Authors: Liu Min , Su Ying , Peng Jingyu , Zhu Alan Jian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe complexity of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling cascade has increased over the course of evolution; however, it does not suffice to accommodate the dynamic yet robust requirements of differential Hh signaling activity needed for embryonic development and adult homeostatic maintenance. One solution to solve this dilemma is to apply multiple forms of post‐translational modifications (PTMs) to the core Hh signaling components, modulating their abundance, localization, and signaling activity. This review summarizes various forms of protein modifications utilized to regulate Hh signaling, with a special emphasis on crosstalk between different forms of PTMs and their feedback regulation by Hh signaling.
Serum semaphorin 4C as a diagnostic biomarker in breast cancer: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Wang Ya , Qiao Long , Yang Jie , Li Xiong , Duan Yaqi , Liu Jiahao , Chen Shaoqi , Li Huayi , Liu Dan , Fang Tian , Ma Jingjing , Li Xiaoting , Ye Fei , Wan Junxiang , Wei Juncheng , Xu Qin , Guo Ensong , Jin Ping , Wu Mingfu , Zhang Lin , Xia Yun , Wu Yaqun , Shao Jun , Feng Yaojun , Zhang Qing , Yang Zongyuan , Chen Gang , Zhang Qinghua , Li Xingrui , Wang Shixuan , Hu Junbo , Wang Xiaoyun , Tan Mona P. , Takabe Kazuaki , Kong Beihua , Yang Qifeng , Ma Ding , Gao Qinglei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo date, there is no approved blood‐based biomarker for breast cancer detection. Herein, we aimed to assess semaphorin 4C (SEMA4C), a pivotal protein involved in breast cancer progression, as a serum diagnostic biomarker.MethodsWe included 6,213 consecutive inpatients from Tongji Hospital, Qilu Hospital, and Hubei Cancer Hospital. Training cohort and two validation cohorts were introduced for diagnostic exploration and validation. A pan‐cancer cohort was used to independently explore the diagnostic potential of SEMA4C among solid tumors. Breast cancer patients who underwent mass excision prior to modified radical mastectomy were also analyzed. We hypothesized that increased pre‐treatment serum SEMA4C levels, measured using optimized in‐house enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits, could detect breast cancer. The endpoints were diagnostic performance, including area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Post‐surgery pathological diagnosis was the reference standard and breast cancer staging followed the TNM classification. There was no restriction on disease stage for eligibilities.ResultsWe included 2667 inpatients with breast lesions, 2378 patients with other solid tumors, and 1168 healthy participants. Specifically, 118 patients with breast cancer were diagnosed with stage 0 (5.71%), 620 with stage I (30.00%), 966 with stage II (46.73%), 217 with stage III (10.50%), and 8 with stage IV (0.39%). Patients with breast cancer had significantly higher serum SEMA4C levels than benign breast tumor patients and normal controls (P < 0.001). Elevated serum SEMA4C levels had AUC of 0.920 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.900–0.941) and 0.932 (95%CI: 0.911–0.953) for breast cancer detection in the two validation cohorts. The AUCs for detecting early‐stage breast cancer (n = 366) and ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 85) were 0.931 (95%CI: 0.916–0.946) and 0.879 (95%CI: 0.832–0.925), respectively. Serum SEMA4C levels significantly decreased after surgery, and the reduction was more striking after modified radical mastectomy, compared with mass excision (P < 0.001). The positive rate of enhanced serum SEMA4C levels was 84.77% for breast cancer and below 20.75% for the other 14 solid tumors.ConclusionsSerum SEMA4C demonstrated promising potential as a candidate biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis. However, validation in prospective settings and by other study groups is warranted.
Transition metal complexes bearing atropisomeric saturated NHC ligands
Authors: Savchuk Mariia , Bocquin Lucas , Albalat Muriel , Jean Marion , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Nava Paola , Humbel Stéphane , Hérault Damien , Clavier Hervé 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFrom achiral imidazolinium salts, chiral transition metal complexes containing an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand were prepared (metal = palladium, copper, silver, gold, rhodium). Axial chirality in these complexes results from the formation of the metal‐carbene bond leading to the restriction of rotation of dissymmetric N‐aryl substituents about the C–N bond. When these complexes exhibited a sufficient configurational stability, a resolution by chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on preparative scale enabled isolation of enantiomers with excellent enantiopurities (>99% ee) and good yields. A study of the enantiomerization barriers revealed the effect of the backbone nature as well as the type of transition metal on its values. Nevertheless, the evaluation of palladium‐based complexes in asymmetric intramolecular α‐arylation of amides demonstrated that the ability to induce an enantioselectivity cannot be correlated to the configurational stability of the precatalysts.
Investigation of a Model‐Based Deep Reinforcement Learning Controller Applied to an Air Separation Unit in a Production Environment
Authors: Blum Nicolas , Krespach Valentin , Zapp Gerhard , Oehse Christian , Rehfeldt Sebastian , Klein Harald 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe need for load flexibility and increased efficiency of energy‐intensive processes has become more and more important in recent years. Control of the process variables plays a decisive role in maximizing the efficiency of a plant. The widely used control models of linear model predictive controllers (LMPC) are only partly suitable for nonlinear processes. One possibility for improvement is machine learning. In this work, one approach for a purely data‐driven controller based on reinforcement learning is explored at an air separation plant (ASU) in productive use. The approach combines the model predictive controller with a data‐generated nonlinear control model. The resulting controller and its control performance are examined in more detail on an ASU in real operation and compared with the previous LMPC solution. During the tests, stable behavior of the new control concept could be observed for several weeks in productive operation.
Potential processes of change in MDMA‐Assisted therapy for social anxiety disorder: Enhanced memory reconsolidation, self‐transcendence, and therapeutic relationships
Authors: Luoma Jason B. , Shahar Ben , Kati Lear M. , Pilecki Brian , Wagner Anne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveResearchers have suggested that psychotherapy may be enhanced by the addition of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), particularly in the treatment of disorders wherein interpersonal dysfunction is central, such as social anxiety disorder. We review literature pertaining to three potential processes of change that may be instigated during sessions involving MDMA administration in the treatment of social anxiety disorder.DesignThis is a narrative review that integrates research on the etiology and maintenance of social anxiety disorder and mechanisms of action of MDMA to examine how MDMA may enhance psychotherapy outcomes.ResultsWe first outline how MDMA may enhance memory reconsolidation in social anxiety disorder. We then discuss how MDMA may induce experiences of self‐transcendence and self‐transcendent emotions such as compassion, love, and awe; and how these experiences may be therapeutic in the context of social anxiety disorder. We subsequently discuss the possibility that MDMA may enhance the strength and effectiveness of the therapeutic relationship which is a robust predictor of outcomes across many disorders as well as a potential key ingredient in treating disorders where shame and social disconnection are central factors.ConclusionWe discuss how processes of change may extend beyond the MDMA dosing sessions themselves.
Analysis of growing season carbon and water fluxes of a subalpine wetland in the Canadian Rocky Mountains: Implications of shade on ecosystem water use efficiency
Authors: Hrach Dylan M. , Petrone Richard M. , Green Adam , Khomik Myroslava 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMountain regions are an important regulator in the global water cycle through their disproportionate water contribution. Often referred to as the “Water Towers of the World”, mountains contribute 40%–60% of the world's annual surface flow. Shade is a common feature in mountains, where complex terrain cycles land surfaces in and out of shadows over daily and seasonal scales, which can impact water use. This study investigated the turbulent water and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes during the snow‐free period in a subalpine wetland in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, from 7 June to 10 September 2018. Shading had a significant and substantial effect on water and CO2 fluxes at our site. When considering data from the entire study period, each hourly increase of shade per day reduced evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary production (GPP) by 0.42 mm and 0.77 g C m−2, equivalent to 17% and 15% per day, respectively. However, the variability in shading changed throughout the study, it was stable to start and increased towards the end. Only during the peak growing season, the site experienced days with both stable and increasing shade. During this time, we found that shade, caused by the local complex terrain, reduced ET and potentially increased GPP, likely due to enhanced diffuse radiation. The overall result was greater water use efficiency during periods of increased shading in the peak growing season. These findings suggest that shaded subalpine wetlands can store large volumes of water for late season runoff and are productive through short growing seasons.
Romosozumab Enhances Vertebral Bone Structure in Women With Low Bone Density
Authors: Poole Kenneth ES , Treece Graham M , Pearson Rose A , Gee Andrew H , Bolognese Michael A , Brown Jacques P , Goemaere Stefan , Grauer Andreas , Hanley David A , Mautalen Carlos , Recknor Chris , Yang Yu-Ching , Rojeski Maria , Libanati Cesar , Whitmarsh Tristan 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Romosozumab monoclonal antibody treatment works by binding sclerostin and causing rapid stimulation of bone formation while decreasing bone resorption. The location and local magnitude of vertebral bone accrual by romosozumab and how it compares to teriparatide remains to be investigated. Here we analyzed the data from a study collecting lumbar computed tomography (CT) spine scans at enrollment and 12 months post-treatment with romosozumab (210 mg sc monthly, n = 17), open-label daily teriparatide (20 μg sc, n = 19), or placebo (sc monthly, n = 20). For each of the 56 women, cortical thickness (Ct.Th), endocortical thickness (Ec.Th), cortical bone mineral density (Ct.bone mineral density (BMD)), cancellous BMD (Cn.BMD), and cortical mass surface density (CMSD) were measured across the first lumbar vertebral surface. In addition, color maps of the changes in the lumbar vertebrae structure were statistically analyzed and then visualized on the bone surface. At 12 months, romosozumab improved all parameters significantly over placebo and resulted in a mean vertebral Ct.Th increase of 10.3% versus 4.3% for teriparatide, an Ec.Th increase of 137.6% versus 47.5% for teriparatide, a Ct.BMD increase of 2.1% versus a −0.1% decrease for teriparatide, and a CMSD increase of 12.4% versus 3.8% for teriparatide. For all these measurements, the differences between romosozumab and teriparatide were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference between the romosozumab-associated Cn.BMD gains of 22.2% versus 18.1% for teriparatide, but both were significantly greater compared with the change in the placebo group (−4.6%, p &lt; 0.05). Cortical maps showed the topographical locations of the increase in bone in fracture-prone areas of the vertebral shell, walls, and endplates. This study confirms widespread vertebral bone accrual with romosozumab or teriparatide treatment and provides new insights into how the rapid prevention of vertebral fractures is achieved in women with osteoporosis using these anabolic agents. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Thermostabilization mechanisms in thermophilic versus mesophilic three‐helix bundle proteins
Authors: Nguyen Catrina , Yearwood Lauren M. , McCully Michelle E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe engineered three‐helix bundle, UVF, is thermostabilized entropically due to heightened, native‐state dynamics. However, it is unclear whether this thermostabilization strategy is observed in natural proteins from thermophiles. We performed all‐atom, explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations of two three‐helix bundles from thermophilic H. butylicus (2lvsN and 2lvsC) and compared their dynamics to a mesophilic three‐helix bundle, the Engrailed homeodomain (EnHD). Like UVF, 2lvsC had heightened native dynamics, which it maintained without unfolding at 100°C. Shortening and rigidification of loops in 2lvsN and 2lvsC and increased surface hydrogen bonds in 2lvsN were observed, as is common in thermophilic proteins. A buried disulfide and salt bridge in 2lvsN and 2lvsC, respectively, provided some stabilization, and addition of a homologous disulfide bond in EnHD slowed unfolding. The transferability and commonality of stabilization strategies among members of the three‐helix bundle fold suggest that these strategies may be general and deployable in designing thermostable proteins.
Architecture lattice‐matched cauliflower‐like CuO/ZnO p–n heterojunction toward efficient water splitting
Authors: Zhang Kai , Cai Wen‐Fang , Shi Jin‐Wen , Chen Qing‐Yun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, hydrogen and oxygen can be dissociated from water molecules on semiconductors by directly utilizing clean renewable solar energy. The key bottleneck of PEC water splitting is to design new types of photoelectrodes with long‐term stability and high PEC performance.RESULTSHere, cauliflower‐shaped p–n CuO/ZnO heterojunction photocathodes with lattice matching were synthesized using one‐step electrodeposition and heat treatment. The results showed that the deposition of CuO and ZnO took place simultaneously. The proportion of CuO and ZnO varied with the electrodeposition time and calcination temperature and duration. The parallel lattice‐matched CuO/ZnO heterojunction enhanced the separation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers, which accomplished a photocurrent density value of approximately −1.8 mA cm−2 at a bias of 0 VRHE in 0.5 mol L−1 Na2SO4 solution.CONCLUSIONSThis work could provide a simplified strategy for the synthesis of p–n copper‐based heterogeneous photocathodes for application in PEC water splitting. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Evaluation of modified biofloc system with filtration unit in controlling suspended solids and inorganic nitrogen concentrations in a recirculating aquaculture system
Authors: Kunwong Suta , Satanwat Penpicha , Powtongsook Sorawit , Pungrasmi Wiboonluk , Nootong Kasidit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiofloc technology systems (BFT) often encounter difficulties in controlling suspended solid levels in tanks. The oxygen consumption rates and ammonia removal rates of bioflocs as the BFT system shifts from assimilation towards nitrification have rarely been reported. Thus, the performance of the BFT system with a filtration unit was evaluated.RESULTSPreliminary work found that the optimal screen pore size and recirculating flow rate were 100 μm and 3000 L day−1, respectively. The BFT system with the filtration unit could maintain suspended solids in the fish tank below 50 mg‐SS L−1 while retaining significantly higher suspended solids in the biofloc reactor (509 ± 44.6 mg‐SS L−1). The daily starch addition at a C:N mass ratio of 10:1 in phase I (day 1–38) induced the biofloc formation that kept TAN and nitrite levels below 1.0 mg‐N L−1. The fraction of inorganic nitrogen compounds increased from 2.5% in phase I to 27.6% in phase III (day 56–70). TAN removal rates increased from 3.0 mg‐N g‐SS−1 day−1 during phase I to 10.34 ± 0.392 mg‐N g‐SS−1 day−1 after complete nitrification occurred. Relatively constant oxygen consumption rates of the bioflocs (149.1 ± 9.53 mg‐ O2 g‐SS−1 day−1) were observed for the entire experiment.CONCLUSIONThe BFT system with a filtration unit was effective in controlling suspended solid and inorganic nitrogen concentrations. Nitrogen treatment pathway of BFT system was assimilation during startup period but gradually shifted to nitrification. Oxygen consumption rates of the bioflocs are relatively constant regardless of the pathways responsible for nitrogen treatment. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).