bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TALKING STICK
Authors: Widiastuti Asty 
Published: April 2021

Abstract: The essence of Civics learning in elementary schools is the formation of responsible citizens who are able to implement rights and obligations as citizens, family members, community members and school citizens. So far, Civics subject to many obstacles in its implementation. This can be seen from the lack of enthusiasm of students in following the learning process. Initial data obtained by researchers at SDN Cilingga as many as 19 people or 73.07% of students have not reached the KKM in terms of rights and obligations. One thing that is believed to be able to improve student learning outcomes is by using a learning model. In this research, the learning model used is the Talking Stick model. The method used in this research is PTK (Classroom Action Research). Based on the research results, the percentage of students' comprehension completeness in the pre-cycle activities was 26.92% (very poor), 53.85% in the first cycle (Good), and 84.62% in the second cycle (Very Good) Then the average comparison is that in the pre-cycle got a value of 62.30 (Good), the first cycle got a value of 70.38 (Good), and the second cycle got an average value of 77.31 (Good).Keywords: Talking Stick; Learning Outcomes. Â Â Abstrak: Hakikat dari pembelajaran PKn di Sekolah Dasar yaitu terbentuknya warga negara yang bertanggung jawab, serta mampu menerapkan hak dan kewajiban baik sebagai warga negara, anggota keluarga, anggota masyarakat dan warga sekolah. Materi PKn Â selama ini masih banyak mengalami kendala dalam pelaksanaaanya. Hal tersebut dapat terlihat dari kurang semangatnya peserta didik dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran. Data awal yang diperoleh peneliti di SDN Cilingga sebanyak 19 orang atau 73,07% peserta didik belum mencapai KKM dalam materi hak dan kewajiban. Salah satu yang diyakini mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik adalah dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran. Pada penelitian ini, model pembelajaran yang digunakan yaitu model Talking Stick. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu PTK (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh persentase ketuntasan pemahaman peserta didik pada kegiatan pra siklus 26,92 % (Sangat kurang), siklus I 53,85% (Baik), dan siklus II sebesar 84,62% (Sangat Baik). Lalu perbandingan rata-rata yaitu pada pra siklus mendapatkan nilai 62,30 (Baik), siklus I mendapat nilai 70,38 (Baik), dan siklus II mendapat nilai rata-rata 77,31 (Baik).Kata kunci: Talking Stick; Hasil Belajar.
Penerapan Sistem Demokrasi Dalam Menjaga Persatuan Dan Konstitusi Serta Penegakan Hukumnya
Authors: Winarno Ronny 
Published: April 2021

Demokrasi pantas menjadi panutan di era reformasi, karena dengan demokrasi setiap orang dapat menyampaikan aspirasi, melakukan bargaining politik, memperoleh kekuasaan termasuk sebagai alat menyampaikan mosi tidak percaya. Bahkan Mahkamah Konstitusi RI dalam setiap putusannya, cermatannya, pertimbangan hukumnya senantiasa dijiwai demokrasi. Senyatanya sistem demokrasi diharapkan mampu menjaga persatuan bangsa dan keutuhan konstitusi.
Peran Dan Fungsi Partai Politik Di Indonesia Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2011
Authors: Rosando Abraham Ferry 
Published: April 2021

Partisipasi rakyat dalam menyelenggarakan pemerintahan pada negara demokrasi secara positif ditentukan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berarti bahwa aturan permainan dalam kehidupan demokrasi diatur secara kelembagaan. Hal ini berarti bahwa keinginan-keinginan rakyat dalam memerintah suatu negara disalurkan melalui lembaga-lembaga perwakilan yang ada, yang dibentuk melalui pemilihan umum yang demokrasi. Partai politik dalam sistem pemerintahan demokrasi di Indonesia sangat berperan, karena salah satu fungsi dari partai politik sebagaimana Pasal 11 Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2008 Tentang Partai Politik yaitu memberikan pendidikan politik bagi anggota dan masyarakat luas agar menjadi warga negara Indonesia yang sadar akan hak dan kewajibannya dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara; dan penyerap, penghimpun, dan penyalur aspirasi politik masyarakat dalam merumuskan dan menetapkan kebijakan negara; partisipasi politik warga negara Indonesia.
The Sacralization of the Myth of Prohibition of Leaving the House at Dusk in Sandekala Film: Charles Sanders Pierce’s Semiotic Analysis
Authors: Marwantika Asna Istya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sandekala is a horror film that tells the story of local and religious myths about the prohibition of going out at sunset because the devil hovers around at this time. The combination of myth and religion in this horror film is also an attempt to sacralize myth and religion which is produced in the plot of a scary film scene. This paper aims to determine the position of myth and religious themes in the horror film genre in Indonesia, and discuss how the depiction of the sacred myth comes out at sunset. Sandekala's film was analyzed using Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic analysis, namely sign, text and interpretant. The results of this paper are first, myth and religion have been used by Indonesian horror film filmmakers since the New Order Era until now. Second, the depiction of the sacredness of the myth of the prohibition of going out at sunset in this film with a dark evening scene, the mother and child as the main characters who have left the house at dusk ignoring the prohibition that has become a myth of society. In addition to confirming the myth of society, this film is also an attempt to remind the segmentation of young people and urbanites who have begun to forget this myth.

Abstrak
Film Sandekala merupakan film bergenre horor yang bercerita tentang mitos lokal dan religi tentang larangan keluar pada waktu magrib karena setan bergentayangan pada waktu ini. Gabungan antara mitos dan religi dalam film horor ini juga merupakan upaya sakralisasi antara mitos dan religi yang diproduksi dalam alur scene film yang menakutkan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi tema mitos dan religi dalam genre film horor di Indonesia, dan membahas tentang bagaimana penggambaran sakralisasi mitos keluar pada waktu magrib. Fim Sandekala dianalisis menggunakan analisis semiotik Charles Sanders Peirce yaitu sign, teks dan interpretant. Hasil dari tulisan ini adalah pertama, tema mitos dan religi sudah digunakan sineas film horor Indonesia sejak Era Orde Baru sampai sekarang ini. Kedua, penggambaran sakralisasi mitos larangan keluar magrib di film ini dengan scene suasana magrib yang gelap, ibu dan anak sebagai pemeran utama yang terlanjur keluar rumah waktu magrib ini mengabaikan larangan yang sudah menjadi mitos masyarakat. Film ini selain meneguhkan mitos masyarakat, juga sebagai upaya untuk membidik segmentasi anak muda dan kaum urban yang sudah mulai melupakan mitos ini.
Pre and Post-Operative Dental Pain and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Routine Dental Extraction, Peshawar
Authors: Karim Najwa , Maqsood Farooq , Khan Kamran 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the pre and post-operative dental pain intensity and dental anxiety in patients undergoing tooth extraction and providing counselling with dental treatments.
METHODOLOGY:
It was a comparative study conducted in dental hospitals of Peshawar i.e. Sardar Begum Dental College and Khyber College of Dentistry. A total of 200 participants were selected for this study through simple random sampling technique. Half of the participants (N=100) received dental treatment with counselling, whereas half participants (N=100) got only dental treatment. Informed consent was taken from the participants. Both genders having an age range of 18-60 years were included in the study. Those patients who have severe or other associated dental/medical problems were excluded from the study. Modified Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire and Dental Anxiety Scale-Revised were used for data collection. Both questionnaires have high reliability and validity. The patients were counselled from time to time during the tooth extraction procedure to reduce their anxieties and divert their mind from dental tools and pain. The data was analysed using SPSS 22.0 version.
RESULTS:
The outcome of the study showed that the pain severity and dental anxiety was reduced in the patients taking dental treatment along with counselling after the dental extraction as compared to the patients having only dental treatment. Pain inference also improved after tooth extraction.
CONCLUSION:
Dentists should need to learn counselling skills to provide relief to patients from dental pain and anxiety. Patients suffering from dental pain or diseases also require some psychological interventions along with dental treatments
Suicide Associated with Risk Factors in Patients Suffering from Depression
Authors: Ayub Sher , Waris Abdul , Niaz Hina , Ayub Zahida , Qureshi Nazia 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this study was to assess suicide and their relationship with risk factors i.e. degree of hopelessness, severity of depression and suicidal ideations.
METHODOLOGY:
It was a cross sectional study conducted in Psychiatry unit Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. The total sample of this study was forty-eight admitted patients. Those patients were included in the study that scored moderate to high in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hopelessness Scale and Reasons for Living Inventory (RLI). The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 22.
RESULTS:
Study showed that reasons for living as well as the subscales of reasons for living inventory i.e. responsibility towards family, hope of improvement and surviving and coping beliefs have significant inverse correlation with score on Hopelessness Scale and suicidal ideations. The score on subscale religious beliefs had significant correlation only with score on hopelessness. Married individuals’ responses were different on total reasons for living to a significant extent. The patients with past psychiatric history had significantly greater fear of suicide. The three different social groups did not differ to a significant extent in scoring on reasons for living.
CONCLUSION:
The reasons for living as a whole and some of the subscales of Reasons for Living Inventory have significant inverse relationship with suicidal risk factors showing the modulatory effect of these reasons on suicidal risk. Moreover, these reasons are not equally distributed among some of the sociodemographic and clinical groups.
The Impact of Traditional Classroom Based Teaching in Comparison to Online Teaching on the Academics and Attendance of Male and Female Students
Authors: Butt Hira , Khan Nauman , Amjad Khadija , Hafeez Fatima , Tahir Fizza , Sahaf Hamza Ahmad 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To compare the impact of traditional classroom-based teaching versus online teaching on the academics and attendance of male as compared to female students
METHODOLOGY:
A study was conducted on 51 third year BDS students, College of Dentistry, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore. An aggregate of the scores based on weightage assigned to each test for all the assessments conducted in the regular session and online session was formulated. The attendance record of the months taught in both the sessions was also taken as percentages. Fisher Exact test was used to find the statistical association between the level of academic performance as well as attendance in the regular session and online session with gender of the students. Man Whitney U test was used to find the statistical difference in the scores of assessments in the regular as well as online session of male and female students.
RESULTS:
There was a significant association between gender and academic performance in the online session (p=0.002). Gender and academic performance of students during the traditional classroom-based teaching session had a significant association (p=0.001). The attendance of male and female students was found to be significantly associated with the online teaching system (p=0.009).

CONCLUSION:
It was observed that females had an overall better academic performance in the online teaching as well as traditional classroom-based teaching system. A similar trend was observed in attendance also, where the females had better attendance record in online and traditional classroom-based teaching set up.
Frequency of Hyperlipidemia in the Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Iqbal Shama , Gul Ambreen , Ahmad Rashid , Haq Momina , Maryam Sara , Rehman Safia 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
The primary event in the development of type-2 diabetes is directly associated with lipid metabolism derangement occurring due to insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in the newly diagnosed type-2 DM.
METHODOLOGY:
This hospital based descriptive study was conducted in the year 2018 to 2019, on 100 newly diagnosed type-2 diabetic patients attending medical O.P.D or admitted in medial wards of Naseer Ullah Khan Babar Memorial Hospital Kohat Road Peshawar.
RESULTS:
The incidence of hyperlipidemia in newly diagnosed diabetic patients was 29%. About 71% patients were having normal lipid profile. Our study also revealed that the frequency of hyperlipidemia increases with age. Half of the patients having age more than 60 years developed hyperlipidemia. Among hyperlipidemic patients, hypercholesterolemia was present in 36% and hypertriglyceridemia in 64% patients
CONCLUSION:
The study suggests that hyperlipidemia is very common in newly diagnosed type-2 diabetic patients in this part of the world.
Covid-19 Positive Antenatal Patients in Obstetrics and Gynea Unit, Peshawar
Authors: Sadaf Rabeea , Zahid Muhammed , Kishwar Nasreen , Farhad Umaiyma , Khalil Behzad Khan 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
The study aimed to determine the frequency of COVID-19 positive antenatal patients admitted in Obstetrics & Gynecology unit Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar with the concerns that pregnant women may be more susceptible to COVID-19 as they may be more vulnerable to respiratory infection.
METHODOLOGY:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Obstetrics & Gynecology units Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from May 12th, 2020, to November 29th, 2020, screening and testing of patients admitted for childbirth was in HMC. Screening consisted of questions related to travel, contacts, and symptoms of COVID-19. All patients without a prior diagnosis of COVID-19 underwent SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of nasopharyngeal swabs, with rapid testing available. Patients scheduled for cesarean birth were screened and tested at preoperative visits
RESULTS:
One hundred eighty-two patients presenting for antenatal visits were screened; 6.5% (12 out of 182) were previously diagnosed with COVID-19. The remaining 170 patients were tested at admission, and 17.6% (30 out of 170) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Twenty-two of the 30 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (73.3%) were asymptomatic. The overall prevalence of positive test results among asymptomatic patients was 14.1% (22 out of 156). The prevalence of positive test results among asymptomatic patients increased from 1.29% (2 out of 155).
CONCLUSION:
The evidence on this novel infection is changing almost daily, although it will likely be many months before, we can determine the true impact it will have on both maternal and fetal well‐being. In the interim, our primary responsibility is to ensure all women have access to safe maternity services.
KEYWORDS: Asymptomatic, COVID-19 Positive, Antenatal Patients, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Infection
Frequency of caesarean section in diabetic vs. non diabetic females undergoing induction of labour at term
Authors: Quraishi Fozia Umber , Jabeen Saima , Yousaf Anum , Gulzar Rukhsana 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy characterized by glucose intolerance recognized during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcome. Majority of patients with diabetes had induction of labour at term (≥37weeks) to prevent maternal and fetal morbidity especially shoulder dystocia, macrosomia and intrauterine fetal death at term
Objectives:

To find frequency of gestational diabetes (GDM) in patients undergoing induction of labour.
To compare the frequency of caesarean section in diabetic (GDM) and non-diabetic females undergoing induction of labour

Methodology:
Study Type; It was a descriptive case series conducted at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shalamar Hospital Lahore. Duration of study was six months after approval from IRB.
Sample size; Sample size of 214 cases undergoing induction of labour at term during study period; calculated with 95%confidence level and 3.4% margin of error and taking expected percentage of GDM is 6.9%.
Sampling Technique; purposive sampling
Methodology:
214 females who will fulfill the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study from labour room of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shalamar Hospital Lahore. Induction of labour done with tab prostin 3mg single dose and patients having gestational diabetes were identified and frequency of caesarean section in Diabetic and non-diabetic calculated.
Results:
In current study, mean age of the patients was 27.8±4.4 years. Mean gestational age was 37.1±3.8 weeks and mean BMI was 28.6±4.1 kg/m2. Primigravida were 88 (41.1%) and multigravidas were 126 (58.9%). Gestational diabetes was found to be in 36 patients (16.8%). Caesarean section was performed in 77 patients (36%). Comparison of frequency of cesarean section in diabetic (GDM) and non-diabetic females undergoing induction of labour revealed majority of the caesarean sections performed in GDM patients (p=0.007).
Conclusion
In conclusion, our study found a higher incidence of cesarean section than normal delivery in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Major factors for operational delivery in GDM population included: advanced maternal age and high BMI value.
Association of long term sodium valproate monotherapy and vitamin D3 levels in epileptic children
Authors: Shah Anum , Khan Imran Mahmood , Sherazi Sajid Hussain , Ashfaq Taniah , Shah Sajid Hussain 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To determine the association of long term sodium valproate monotherapy and vitamin D3 levels in epileptic children
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Children Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad for six months from 15th February 2019 to 14th August 2019. A total of one hundred and thirty (n=130) children and adolescents of either gender between age 3-18 years who had a history of two seizures at least 24 hours apart in their life and were on sodium valproate monotherapy for more than one year were enrolled in this study through non-probability, consecutive sampling. Serum vitamin D3 (25-hydroxy vitamin D) levels were measured in all the patients at the time of enrolment into the study. All the demographic data and laboratory investigations were entered on the predesigned proforma and analyzed through SPSS version 17.
Results: Vitamin D3 deficiency was found in 47 (36.2%) children which were significantly higher among patients with older age and longer duration of treatment (P<0.05) while gender and BMI of the patients did not show any significant difference (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Significant percentage of epileptic children on sodium valproate monotherapy was found to have vitamin D3 deficiency. Therefore we recommend routine screening of vitamin D3 deficiency in all the epileptic children on long-term sodium valproate therapy followed by vitamin D supplementation in deficient patients.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Comparison of Tubeless versus the Standard technique
Authors: Amir Zein El , Shahiman Muhammad Ali , Qadeer Zeeshan , Mughal Rameez Ahmed , Ali Ashfaq 
Published: April 2021

Objective: The proposed study aimed to assess the utility of tubeless PCNL in terms of efficacy and safety when compared with the standard tubed PCNL.
Materials & Methods: In this study 280 patients (age ranged 08-70 years) who underwent PCNL were included.
Results: The patients were from both genders i.e., 156 males and 124 females. Out of 280 patients, 140 had a 16 FR nephrostomy tube (Group A) whiles an equal number had 4.8F DJ Stent (Group B) for postoperative drainage. A comparison of the postoperative outcome among the two groups was made for a period of two years (November 2017 to October 2019). Neither any significant difference was found in the mean stone size, operative time, nor was stone-free status, nor any major complication observed. The mean hospital stay for group A and group B was 4.5 days (range 3 to 6) and 3.2 days (range 2 to 4) respectively. An early postoperative wound soakage was found in 18 (12.8%) cases of group A in contrast to the group B patients in whom only 2 (1.4%) had soakage.
Conclusion: It was concluded that Tubeless PCNL as compared to the standard tubed PCNL was found more efficacious and safer and it should be adopted as a routine procedure.
Regioselective synthesis of triazolo[3,4-e]purine derivatives and their anti-cancer activity against NCI-60 cell-lines
Authors: Kapadiya Khushal , Kavadia Kishor , Gohel Jyoti , Khunt Ranjan 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Due to the vast medicinal importance of purine nucleoside, a hybrid molecule of triazole with purine ring might&nbsp;explode a lead molecule in the pharma sector and based on the last decade&rsquo;s studies suggested that the nitrogen-rich molecules possess a wide range of medicinal importance.
Aim: Due to the vast application of purine nucleoside itself in the field of cancer research, we synthesized triazolo[3,4-e]purines and screened them for their anti-cancer study against NCI-60 cell lines by the protocol used by NIH.
Materials and methods: The targeted molecules, 4-chloro-5a,6-dihydro-8-substitutedphenyl-1H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-e]purine&nbsp;derivatives (4a-4h) were synthesized in a two-step procedure by nucleophilic substitution (SN) at C-2 chlorine followed by formation of the triazole ring by acid-catalyzed reaction in the polar protic solvent.
Results: It was observed that the regioselective approach followed in C-2 chlorine replacement instead of C-6 chlorine during SN reaction. One-dose response of selected three molecules (4a, 4b, and 4c) showed that 4b (K-562: 64.47 &micro;M &amp; SR: 63.38 &micro;M; mean GI50: 99.09 &micro;M) was found to be more potent than 4a and 4c.
Conclusions: We have described in this study the general synthetic method for triazolo[3,4-e]purines as an innovative class of potential anticancer agents. The dose-response curve in the sense of mean GI50 for three compounds across all 60 cell lines, 4b can be served as lead after necessary modification.