bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds Modulate the HDL Lipidome in Hypercholesterolaemic Subjects: A Lipidomic Analysis of the VOHF Study
Authors: Fernández‐Castillejo Sara , Pedret Anna , Catalán Úrsula , Valls Rosa‐Maria , Farràs Marta , Rubió Laura , Castañer Olga , Macià Alba , Fitó Montse , Motilva Maria José , Covas Maria‐Isabel , Giera Martin , Remaley Alan T. , Solà Rosa 
Published: February 2021

ScopeThe lipidomic analysis of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) could be useful to identify new biomarkers of HDL function.Methods and resultsA randomized, controlled, double‐blind, crossover trial (33 hypercholesterolaemic subjects) is performed with a control virgin olive oil (VOO), VOO enriched with its own phenolic compounds (FVOO), or VOO enriched with additional phenolic compounds from thyme (FVOOT) for 3 weeks. HDL lipidomic analyses are performed using the Lipidyzer platform. VOO and FVOO intake increase monounsaturated‐fatty acids (FAs) and decrease saturated and polyunsaturated FAs in triacylglyceride (TAG) species, among others species. In contrast, FVOOT intake does not induce these FAs changes. The decrease in TAG52:3(FA16:0) after VOO intake and the decrease in TAG52:5(FA18:2) after FVOO intake are inversely associated with changes in HDL resistance to oxidation. After FVOO intake, the decrease in TAG54:6(FA18:2) in HDL is inversely associated with changes in HDL cholesterol efflux capacity.ConclusionVOO and FVOO consumption has an impact on the HDL lipidome, in particular TAG species. Although TAGs are minor components of HDL mass, the observed changes in TAG modulated HDL functionality towards a cardioprotective mode. The assessment of the HDL lipidome is a valuable approach to identify and characterize new biomarkers of HDL function.
A comparison of non‐uniform sampling and model‐based analysis of NMR spectra for reaction monitoring
Authors: Steimers Ellen , Matviychuk Yevgen , Friebel Anne , Münnemann Kerstin , von Harbou Erik , Holland Daniel J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is widely used for applications in the field of reaction and process monitoring. When complex reaction mixtures are studied, NMR spectra often suffer from low resolution and overlapping peaks, which places high demands on the method used to acquire or to analyse the NMR spectra. This work presents two NMR methods that help overcome these challenges: 2D non‐uniform sampling (NUS) and a recently proposed model‐based fitting approach for the analysis of 1D NMR spectra.We use the reaction of glycerol with acetic acid as it produces five reaction products that are all chemically similar and, hence, challenging to distinguish. The reaction was measured on a high‐field 400 MHz NMR spectrometer with a 2D NUS‐heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and a conventional 1D 1H NMR sequence. We show that comparable results can be obtained using both 2D and 1D methods, if the 2D volume integrals of the 2D NUS‐HSQC NMR spectra are calibrated. Further, we monitor the same reaction on a low‐field 43 MHz benchtop NMR spectrometer and analyse the acquired 1D 1H NMR spectra with the model‐based approach and with partial least‐squares regression (PLS‐R), both trained using a single, calibrated data set. Both methods achieve results that are in good quantitative agreement with the high‐field data. However, the model‐based method was found to be less sensitive to the training data set used than PLS‐R and, hence, was more robust when the reaction conditions differed from that of the training data.
Probabilistic analysis of a discrete element modelling of the runout behavior of the Jiweishan landslide
Authors: Li Bing , Gong Wenping , Tang Huiming , Zou Zongxing , Bowa Victor Mwango , Juang C. Hsein 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLandslide is one of the most destructive geohazards around the world. The destruction of a landslide can be estimated from its deformation and runout behaviors, which might be simulated with numerical software such as particle flow code (PFC). In the PFC simulation of the runout behavior of a landslide, the results are dependent upon the particle‐particle contact micro‐parameters (e.g., contact modulus and friction coefficient). The calibration of the micro‐parameters of the PFC models is a challenge and various uncertainties are involved. The uncertainty in the selection of the modelling parameters leads to uncertainty in the simulated runout behavior of the landslide. As a result, the damage potential of the landslide cannot be accurately evaluated. To this end, this paper presents a probabilistic analysis of the runout behavior of the Jiweishan landslide, in which the uncertainty in the selection of the particle‐particle contact micro‐parameters is explicitly considered. Here, the input micro‐parameters are modeled as discrete random variables, the possible realizations of which are obtained through an orthogonal analysis of the PFC simulation‐based uniaxial compression tests. The derived possible realizations of the micro‐parameters are then adopted as the inputs to the built model of the landslide. With the results obtained from these PFC simulations, the runout behaviors of the Jiweishan landslide, such as the runout distance and the deposit thickness, are studied probabilistically. The results provide an improved estimate of the landslide runout behavior and further aid in making an informed risk assessment of the landslide.
Hunger, disease, and subtle lesions: Insights into systemic metabolic disease in fetal and perinatal remains from 13th‐ to 15th‐century Tartu, Estonia
Authors: Morrone Alessandra , Tõrv Mari , Piombino‐Mascali Dario , Malve Martin , Valk Heiki , Oras Ester 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper reports a case study of 43 fetuses and perinates from four mass graves and two double burials from the cemetery of St. Jacob in Tartu (SE Estonia). The burials were dated to the 13th–15th centuries AD and located outside the cemetery walls, and likely can be linked to historically recorded episodes of famine and epidemic in medieval Livonia. All individuals belonged to the fetal and perinatal age categories, meaning they were either aborted or died around the time of birth. Ten perinates of these 43 individuals displayed skeletal evidence for systemic metabolic disease. The results of the bioarchaeological investigation provide insights into the effects upheavals of the time had on the weakest members of the society, especially the vulnerability of pregnant and lactating mothers to undernutrition and infections, and shed light on how the prematurely deceased were treated in this urban community. This may potentially explain the burial location. This work is the first detailed paleopathological study of non‐adults in medieval Estonia and the Baltic region, opening the way for further research on similar material in this geographical area.
Vinyl ester/silica aerogel nanocomposite coatings with enhanced hydrophobicity and corrosion protection properties
Authors: Labani Motlagh Kiyoumars , Seyfi Javad , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Mortazavi Saeed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVinyl ester (VE) resins have been widely used in the coating industry. However, research on its potential in anti‐corrosion applications has been limited. In this work, silica aerogels were first synthesized and then incorporated into the VE resin at 5, 10, and 15 wt% with respect to the VE content. Based on the morphological results, higher inclusions of silica aerogels (10 and 15 wt%) were significantly aggregated at the surface layer of the coatings leading to a highly rough surface structure which was also proved by atomic force microscopy. In fact, the aerogel nanoparticles formed a very packed structure leading to the formation of an effective physical barrier against corrosive agents. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy also revealed that the nanocomposite coatings exhibited a lower water absorption behavior which could be beneficial for the anti‐corrosion behavior. Wetting results demonstrated that the water contact angle has essentially increased from 61° for the pure VE coating to 92° for the aerogel‐loaded coating. Such enhancement in hydrophobicity and also the creation of a physical barrier at the surface layer of the coatings led to promising barrier results as found by Tafel polarization curves. The protection efficiency was dramatically improved to 97.9% for the highest inclusion of silica aerogel.
Pulmonary hypertension is an important co‐morbidity in developmental lung diseases of infancy: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Varghese Nidhy Paulose , Tillman Robert H. , Keller Roberta L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) following preterm birth and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are both forms of developmental lung disease that may result in persistent pulmonary and pulmonary vascular morbidity in childhood. The pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) which accompanies BPD and CDH is due to developmental abnormalities and ongoing perinatal insults. This may be accompanied by evidence of elevated right heart pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The development of PH in these conditions is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the vulnerable BPD and CDH populations. We present a review of PVD pathogenesis and evaluation in BPD and CDH and discuss management of related sequelae of PH co‐morbidity for affected infants.
Heat‐Resistant Energetic Materials Deriving from Benzopyridotetraazapentalene: Halogen Bonding Effects on the Outcome of Crystal Structure, Thermal Stability and Sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Zhenqi , Geng Wenjing , Yang Wei , Ma Qing , Li Wei , Fan Guijuan , Chen Ya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHeat‐resistant energetic material (HREM) has shown its broad applications in petroleum and natural gas exploration, aerospace vehicle as well as solid rocket formulations. Benzopyridotetraazapentalene (BPTAP) (d: 1.84 g cm−3, D: 7670 m s−1, IS: 9 J, Td: 366 °C) is a heat‐resistant energetic material, which is more dense and energetic than those of commercial HREM hexanitrosilbene (HNS) (d: 1.74 g cm−3, D: 7612 m s−1, IS: 5 J, Td: 318 °C). However, low solubility in most of commonly‐used solvents has restricted its applications in detonators as nano‐energetic materials. Meanwhile, recognition on this fused organic backbone is still limited. Herein, we report a chlorine‐inclusion strategy and facile approaches to yield three new derivatives of BPTAP. It is notable that compound 6‐a exhibits its high density (1.92 g cm−3), superior thermal stability (Td: 334 °C), high detonation performance (D: 8084 m s−1), comparable sensitivity (IS: 3 J) to that of HNS, surpassing those of commercially‐used highly‐sensitive primary energetic material lead azide (LA). It is interesting that the chlorine‐inclusion in different position of fused benzopyridotetraazapentalene framework has greatly affected their physical properties such as crystal structure, thermal stability and sensitivity. This investigation offers a unique perspective for deeply exploring the relationship between structure and performance of energetic materials.
Some design considerations incorporating early futility for single‐arm clinical trials with time‐to‐event primary endpoints using Weibull distribution
Authors: Waleed Muhammad , He Jianghua , Phadnis Milind A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSample size calculation is an essential component of the planning phase of a clinical trial. In the context of single‐arm clinical trials with time‐to‐event (TTE) endpoints, only a few options with limited design features are available. Motivated from ethical or practical considerations, two‐stage designs are implemented for single‐arm studies to obtain early evidence of futility. A major drawback of such designs is that early stopping may only occur at the conclusion of the first stage, even if lack of efficacy becomes apparent at any other time point over the course of the clinical trial. In this manuscript, we attempt to fill some existing gaps in the literature related to single‐arm clinical trials with TTE endpoints. We propose a parametric maximum likelihood estimate‐based test whose variance component accounts for the expected proportion of loss to follow‐up and different accrual patterns (early, late, or uniform accrual). For the proposed method, we present three stochastic curtailment methods (conditional power, predictive power, Bayesian predictive probability) which can be employed for efficacy or futility testing purposes. Finally, we discuss the implementation of group sequential designs for obtaining an early evidence of efficacy or futility at pre‐planned timings of interim analyses. Through extensive simulations, it is shown that our proposed method performs well for designing these studies with moderate to large sample sizes. Some examples are presented to demonstrate various aspects of the stochastic curtailment and repeated significance testing methods presented in this manuscript.
Brückenneubau im Landschaftspark Geraaue
Authors: Teich Stephan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIm Zuge der Bundesgartenschau 2021 erfolgt die Neu‐ und Umgestaltung des Landschaftsparks „Nördliche Geraaue“. Im nördlichen Erfurter Stadtteil Gispersleben wurde in diesem Zusammenhang eine neue Fußgänger‐ und Radwegquerung über den Fluss Gera erforderlich. Als Teil des idyllischen Kilianiparks sollte das Bauwerk neben ingenieurtechnischen auch höchsten ästhetischen Anforderungen genügen. Der Brückenneubau wurde daher als außergewöhnliches Bogentragwerk mit abgehängter Fahrbahn konzipiert. Den zentralen Bereich des Bauwerks bildet ein imposanter, das Brückendeck diagonal kreuzender und 36 m spannender Einzelbogen. Der Bogen und das sehr schlanke Brückendeck sind durch zehn Hänger miteinander verbunden, welche gegenläufig und harfenförmig angeordnet sind und somit ein optisch äußerst ansprechendes Erscheinungsbild garantieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag berichtet über die Konstruktion und die bauliche Umsetzung des Brückenbauwerks.
Towards Higher Complexity in the RNA World: Hairpin Ribozyme Supported RNA Recombination
Authors: Hieronymus Robert , Müller Sabine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the RNA world, the exchange of sequence patches between two RNAs is an intriguing evolutionary concept, allowing generation of new RNA molecules with novel functionality. Based on the hairpin ribozyme (HPR) with its unique cleavage‐ligation properties, we here demonstrate RNA supported RNA recombination as a possible scenario for the emergence of larger RNA molecules with more complex functionality. A HPR variant designed for the purpose of recombination is capable of cleaving two different RNA molecules, one being a hammerhead ribozyme (HHR) and the other an aptamer (A), and to subsequently recombine and ligate the resulting fragments to a hammerhead ribozyme that is allosterically controlled (HHA) by a cognate ligand. Two such recombination processes involving aptamers for either theophylline or flavine mononucleotide (FMN) are demonstrated with yields of functional recombination product of up to 34 %.
Glycosylation and Protecting Group Strategies Towards the Synthesis of Saponins and Bacterial Oligosaccharides: A Personal Account
Authors: Muru Kevin , Gauthier Charles 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCarbohydrates and their conjugates are not only involved in important biological processes but are also regarded as promising therapeutics and prophylactics. Over the last century, several glycosylation methodologies, glycosyl donors, and protecting groups have been developed and some of them have found broad synthetic applications in carbohydrate chemistry. In this Personal Account, we describe how glycosylation and protecting group strategies have been implemented in our as well as in other research groups as to synthesize bioactive glycans, more specifically naturally occurring lupane‐type saponins as well as oligosaccharides related to Burkholderia species.
Ribosome heterogeneity and specialization in development
Authors: Norris Karl , Hopes Tayah , Aspden Julie Louise 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRegulation of protein synthesis is a vital step in controlling gene expression, especially during development. Over the last 10 years, it has become clear that rather than being homogeneous machines responsible for mRNA translation, ribosomes are highly heterogeneous and can play an active part in translational regulation. These “specialized ribosomes” comprise of specific protein and/or rRNA components, which are required for the translation of particular mRNAs. However, while there is extensive evidence for ribosome heterogeneity, support for specialized functions is limited. Recent work in a variety of developmental model organisms has shed some light on the biological relevance of ribosome heterogeneity. Tissue‐specific expression of ribosomal components along with phenotypic analysis of ribosomal gene mutations indicate that ribosome heterogeneity and potentially specialization are common in key development processes like embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, body patterning, and neurogenesis. Several examples of ribosome specialization have now been proposed but strong links between ribosome heterogeneity, translation of specific mRNAs by defined mechanisms, and role of these translation events remain elusive. Furthermore, several studies have indicated that heterogeneous ribosome populations are a product of tissue‐specific expression rather than specialized function and that ribosomal protein phenotypes are the result of extra‐ribosomal function or overall reduced ribosome levels. Many important questions still need to be addressed in order to determine the functional importance of ribosome heterogeneity to development and disease, which is likely to vary across systems. It will be essential to dissect these issues to fully understand diseases caused by disruptions to ribosomal composition, such as ribosomopathies.This article is categorized under:
Translation > Translation Regulation
Translation > Ribosome Structure/Function
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
Introduction: Mnemonic Solidarity—Global Interventions
Authors: Lim Jie-Hyun , Rosenhaft Eve 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLim and Rosenhaft introduce “mnemonic solidarity” as a scholarly and political program, situating it in the context of the wider project and publication series “Entangled Memories in the Global South.” Their programmatic approach arises from the observation that a global memory formation has emerged since the late twentieth century, involving interchanges of various kinds between national memory cultures and structured by the terms of Holocaust memory. This development and its political implications have been addressed in various ways by scholars under the rubrics of “cosmopolitan,” “multidirectional,” “traveling,” “prosthetic,” “transnational,” and “agonistic” memory, but the new field of memory studies remains Eurocentric and relatively insensitive to the double-edged character of globalized memory—the interplay between de-territorialization and re-territorialization. This volume aims to reset the agenda.
What the World Owes the Comfort Women
Authors: Gluck Carol 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe women who served in Japan’s military brothels across Asia during the Second World War are a focus of the politics of memory in East Asia as well as a touchstone for international human rights and sexual violence against women. By the 1990s, the “comfort women” had become a “traveling trope,” which like the Holocaust, both recognized and transcended its original time and place. Gluck traces their “coming into memory” through changes in five areas of the evolving postwar “global memory culture”: law, testimony, rights, politics, and notions of responsibility. She shows how the ideas and practices of public memory changed over time, in the course of which the comfort women became “global victims” in a transnational memoryscape.
Einleitung
Authors: Schwedes Oliver 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungBei allen aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Kontroversen scheint eines sicher zu sein, wir leben in Zeiten großer gesellschaftlicher Veränderungen. Manche Beobachter*innen interpretieren die gesellschaftlichen Konflikte sogar als Ausdruck einer allgemeinen Verunsicherung und sehen darin den Beleg für den sich vollziehenden gesellschaftlichen Wandel, so als würden tiefgreifende gesellschaftliche Veränderungen notwendigerweise mit einer Verunsicherung der Bevölkerung einhergehen, die sich dem Wandel nicht gewachsen fühlt. Die vermeintlich neuen sozialen Phänomene wie Antisemitismus, Frauenfeindlichkeit und Rassismus scheinen sich so zu erklären, wenn sie nicht sogar mit einer verängstigten Bevölkerung entschuldigt werden.
Öffentliche Mobilität bewerten: Ansprüche an mobilitätsbezogene Mess- und Vergleichsverfahren
Authors: Rammert Alexander 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungMobilität erstens messen und zweitens bewerten zu können, ist eine Grundvoraussetzung für ihre planungspraktische Operationalisierung. Hierbei gilt es eine Vielzahl an Spezifika zu beachten, welche die Mobilität von klassischen verkehrsplanerischen Mess- und Bewertungsgrößen unterscheidet. Diese mobilitätsspezifischen Besonderheiten führen dazu, dass neue in der Verkehrswissenschaft ungebräuchliche Methoden zur Anwendung kommen müssen. Eine dieser Methoden ist die Indexbildung, welche die Mobilität großflächig messbar und bewertbar macht. Eine zentrale Voraussetzung um den Anspruch einer Öffentlichen Mobilität überprüfen zu können.
Daseinsvorsorge und Öffentliche Mobilität: Die Rolle des Gewährleistungsstaats
Authors: Schwedes Oliver , Ringwald Roman 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDer öffentliche Verkehr wird seit Beginn der Bundesrepublik als Aufgabe der Daseinsvorsorge verstanden. Eine Reform des öffentlichen Verkehrs im Sinne unseres Verständnisses von Öffentlicher Mobilität (siehe den Beitrag von Wolking in diesem Band) erfordert daher auch eine zeitgemäße Weiterentwicklung des Konzepts Daseinsvorsorge. Dazu ist es notwendig, ein Verständnis für die gesellschaftliche Funktion dieses verwaltungswissenschaftlichen Begriffs zu erarbeiten.
Factorization of e+e− → H X cross section, differential in zh, PT and thrust, in the 2-jet limit
Authors: Boglione M. , Simonelli A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFactorizing the cross section for single hadron production ine+e−annihilations is a highly non trivial task when the transverse momentum of the outgoing hadron with respect to the thrust axis is taken into account. We work in a scheme that allows to factorize thee+e−→ H Xcross section as a convolution of a calculable hard coefficient and a Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) fragmentation function. The result, differential inzh,PTand thrust, will be given to all orders in perturbation theory and explicitly computed to Next to Leading Order (NLO) and Next to Leading Log (NLL) accuracy. The predictions obtained from our computation, applying the simplest and most natural ansatz to model the non-perturbative part of the TMD, are in exceptional agreement with the experimental measurements of the BELLE Collaboration. The factorization scheme we propose relates the TMD parton densities defined in 1-hadron and 2-hadron processes, restoring the possi- bility to perform global phenomenological studies of TMD physics including experimental data from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, Drell-Yan processes,e+e−→ H1H2Xande+e−→ H Xannihilations.