bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colonization of oil palm empty fruit bunches by basidiomycetes from the Brazilian cerrado: deconstruction of biomass
Authors: da Silva Elias Alves , Mendes Thais Demarchi , Pacheco Thályta Fraga , Campanha Raquel Bombarda , Wischral Daiana , Mendonça Simone , Camassola Marli , de Siqueira Félix Gonçalves , Souza Júnior Manoel Teixeira 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe sustainable use of residual lignocellulosic biomass is an opportunity to help to overcome the global need to reduce the emission of pollutants as well as depletion of fossil fuel resources and increasing energy demands. This study aimed to establish a deconstruction process of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFBs), employing hydrothermal and biological pretreatments. Initially, the yields of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, extractives and ashes resulting from the autohydrolysis of raw EFBs were measured. The biological pretreatment of the raw EFBs followed using eight basidiomycetes strains. Finally, an enzymatic hydrolysis comparison between basidiomycetes and commercial enzymes evaluated glucose and xylose yields, the synergism degree and the reduction of phenolic substances. Autohydrolysis pretreatment presented the best sugar yields after hydrolysis. However, biological pretreatment provides enzymes and other advantages. The combination of enzymatic extracts of basidiomycetes with Celluclast and Novozyme‐188 Sigma® gave the best glucose yield with Flavodon flavus BRM‐055676 (14.78%). Synergism degree analyses showed an increase of 47% in glucose release by the cocktail of Fomes fasciatus BRM‐055675 with commercial enzymes. The deconstruction of EFBs by biological pretreatment presented a 2.96 ratio loss of lignin/loss of cellulose with F. flavus BRM‐055676. Finally, combinations of enzymatic extracts from basidiomycetes and ascomycetes, mainly F. fasciatus BRM‐055675, provided the reduction of phenolic substances. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Disruptive innovation and circularity in start‐ups: A path to sustainable development
Authors: Sehnem Simone , Provensi Tais , da Silva Tiago Hilário Hennemann , Pereira Susana Carla Farias 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStart‐ups are an increasingly important phenomenon in the Brazilian business ecosystem. Many such companies have been created over the past few years, illustrating the interest in and growth of such entrepreneurship. Emerging companies are more likely to be founded on sustainable business models. In many cases, such models incorporate the principles of the circular economy. Thus, this study reviewed the use of disruptive innovation and the circularity of resources in the business models of start‐ups. The study consisted of 50 semistructured interviews with start‐up owners and managers. We accessed the database of the Brazilian Start‐ups Association to map the organisations to be surveyed. Our results show that start‐ups are innovating in terms of the circularity of resources through a range of partially implemented initiatives. These initiatives allow start‐ups to manage their data and microdata, create artefact integration systems, generate connectivity, accelerate digitisation, stimulate partnerships and cooperation between parties in the supply chain, generate new market opportunities and develop efficient transition systems for the circularity of resources. Thus, there is ample evidence that disruptive innovation supports the circular economy in Brazilian start‐ups. This study makes two main contributions to the literature. First, it strengthens the existing understanding of the use of the circular economy in start‐ups, supported by disruptive innovation. Second, it identifies the levels of adoption of the circular economy in different market segments. Based on these findings, it identifies several opportunities to encourage further advances in this area.
Emergent Physics on the Route from Crystals to Amorphous Solids
Authors: Jiang Zhehua , Xu Ning 
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive SummaryBy introducing and gradually increasing the magnitude of disorder into both crystalline particle packings and crystalline networks, we realize the evolution from crystals to amorphous solids. The evolution of structures and mechanical properties during this process is expected to help us understand the physical origin of the peculiar properties of amorphous solids, e.g., the boson peak, so as to build up the bridge between well‐established physics of crystals and that of amorphous solids. To our surprise, this attempt also reveals some extraordinary phenomena, including the hidden order‐disorder transition from crystals to disordered crystals and the emergence of mechanical metamaterials with negative Poisson's ratios.
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Our favorite research findings are some extraordinary phase behaviors of soft‐core particle systems, including the discontinuous‐continuous transition of two‐dimensional melting, formation of quasicrystals and the transition from crystals to disordered crystals discussed in this article.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?I entered the field of soft matter during my graduate study at Yale University. I have been attracted by so many interesting and complex problems in soft matter. During the research, we keep meeting new phenomena and problems, which keep broadening my interest. Learning by doing is a good way to enjoy research.How do you supervise your students?I always assign one or two problems to beginners. The problems may not be very specific. My purpose is to encourage the students to work independently and cultivate their abilities of literature reading and finding and solving problems. I listen to their reports in weekly group meetings and discuss about their work whenever they come to show their progress or I have some new ideas. Once they achieve some significant progress, I will put more effort to help finalize their work.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Persistence.What are your hobbies?Jogging, walking, music, and movies.What is your favorite journal(s)?Physical Review series.
Decomposition Behavior of Triarrhena lutarioriparia Tissues in Dongting Lake Water: A Laboratory Simulation Study
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Xu Youze , Fu Guangyi , Tang Nan , Zhou Shuang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFollowing the overall withdrawal of papermaking enterprises, Triarrhena lutarioriparia, a most abundant macrophyte of Dongting Lake wetland, will remain to be uncut and decay in the lake water. The decomposition dynamics of T. lutarioriparia tissues and the decomposition effects on water quality are investigated in this study. The results show that two main processes are observed during the 90‐day decomposition period of T. lutarioriparia: rapid leaching and gradual biodegradation. During the initial 10‐day leaching process, the initial weight loss of leaves, spikes, and stems reached 13.33%, 12.44%, and 4.67%, respectively; meanwhile, 15.12–32.62% of total nitrogen and 24.16–45.45% of total phosphorus in the tissues are released to the water. The decomposition rate of T. lutarioriparia tissues is in the order: spikes (0.0053 day−1) > leaves (0.0045 day−1) > stems (0.0033 day−1). The T. lutarioriparia decomposition exerted adverse effects on the lake water quality, including the depletion of dissolved oxygen, the increase in concentrations of organic matter and nutrients, especially during the rapid leaching process. Such adverse effects are significantly associated with both the biomass (p < 0.001) and the species of T. lutarioriparia tissues (p < 0.05).
Flush of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Plastic Greenhouse Soil during Initial Application of Poultry Manure
Authors: Bai Xinlu , Luo Wei , Jiang Yun , Zhang Zhaobei , Chen Zhujun , Zhou Jianbin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPoultry manure, which contains abundant water‐soluble organic matter (WSOM), is commonly applied in plastic greenhouse vegetable production. There is little research on whether WSOM stimulates nitrous oxide (N2O) emission after poultry manure application. A 30 day incubation experiment and a field experiment are conducted to investigate the response of the N2O flux after poultry manure or WSOM inputs. The cumulative N2O emissions from soil amended with WSOM in the incubation experiment are two to four times than those from unamended soil. Similarly, in the field experiment, the N2O emissions significantly increased by 225% (to 1.13 kg N ha−1) after poultry manure and irrigation application compared to a control during summer fallow season, accounting for ≈20% of the annual N2O emissions from plastic greenhouse vegetable production. In conclusion, WSOM in poultry manure increases N2O emissions from plastic greenhouse soil during its initial application; moreover, N2O emissions during summer fallow season should be included in the N2O emission inventory of plastic greenhouse vegetable production. Measures for controlling N2O emissions such as avoiding nitrate accumulation and improving water and poultry manure management should be adopted in plastic greenhouse vegetable production.
Biomarkers for respiratory diseases: Present applications and future discoveries
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Cui Bo , Wang Qian , Ma Yuan , Li Li , Chen Zhihong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiomarkers such as clinical characteristics and laboratory indices have been widely used in many respiratory diseases, such as chronic airway diseases, lung infection, lung cancer and acute respiratory distress syndrome. As such, various non‐invasive and invasive samples, such as blood, urine, induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung biopsy are currently being collected. Omics‐based discovery strategies facilitate the identification of next‐generation candidate biomarkers. The identification and integration of multiple omics biomarkers (genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics and radiomics) can answer many unsolved questions about respiratory diseases. The ultimate realization of the translation of novel biomarkers into clinical practice is a major challenge because good biomarkers must be sensitive, technically feasible, non‐invasive, non‐expensive and most importantly, validated. The four stages of clinical trial design in the development of biomarkers are also discussed. The concept of systems biology not only focuses on novel molecular biomarkers but also integrates clinical, laboratory and omics information as a whole. Finally, developing multiple biomarker panels is a goal to improve the healthcare of respiratory diseases.
Clinical standardization of metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) in the pathogen diagnosis
Authors: Qian Mengjia , Zhan Yanxia , Wu Duojiao , Ji Lili , Chen Hao , Cheng Yunfeng 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundWith the development and advancement of gene sequencing technologies, next generation sequencing, especially metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS), has been explored in infectious disease diagnosis.AimsTo first introduce the standardization of each step of mNGS, the interpretation of positive and negative results and their clinic application in pathogen diagnosis.MethodsA typical workflow of mNGS includes six main steps: sample collection, nucleic acid extraction, library construction, sequencing ,data analysis and report writing.ResultsBased on our previous work, we introduce the standardization of steps of mNGS in pathogen diagnosis and summarize the interpretation of positve and negative results and their application in clinic settings.ConclusionIt is believed that this clinical standardization of mNGS could be a routine diagnostic tool for infectious diseases in coming future.
Management of clinical precision medicine
Authors: Chen Hao , Qian Mengjia , Ji Lili , Li Feng , Cheng Yunfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrecision medicine is an emerging approach for patient treatment as it allows clinicians to select therapies based on the genetic understanding of the disease. The advances of science and technology have greatly speeded up the development of associated applications. Clinical precision medicine is an up‐to‐date resource of precision medicine, an evolving technology and pathway towards optimal clinical performance. Clinical precision medicine adopts the combination of clinical phenotype with gene heterogeneity and carries out targeted therapy per patients gene mutation and heterogeneity. The management of precision medicine in clinical practice is pivotal in this new mode that patients can take the best advantage of precision medicine.
Cholangiocyte organoids from human bile retain a local phenotype and can repopulate bile ducts in vitro
Authors: Roos Floris J. M. , Wu Haoyu , Willemse Jorke , Lieshout Ruby , Albarinos Laura A. Muñoz , Kan Yik‐Yang , Poley Jan‐Werner , Bruno Marco J. , de Jonge Jeroen , Bártfai Richard , Marks Hendrik , IJzermans Jan N. M. , Verstegen Monique M. A. , van der Laan Luc J. W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe well‐established 3D organoid culture method enabled efficient expansion of cholangiocyte‐like cells from intrahepatic (IHBD) and extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) tissue biopsies. The extensive expansion capacity of these organoids enables various applications, from cholangiocyte disease modelling to bile duct tissue engineering. Recent research demonstrated the feasibility of culturing cholangiocyte organoids from bile, which was minimal‐invasive collected via endoscopic retrograde pancreaticography (ERCP). However, a detailed analysis of these bile cholangiocyte organoids (BCOs) and the cellular region of origin was not yet demonstrated. In this study, we characterize BCOs and mirror them to the already established organoids initiated from IHBD‐ and EHBD‐tissue. We demonstrate successful organoid‐initiation from extrahepatic bile collected from gallbladder after resection and by ERCP or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiopathy from a variety of patients. BCOs initiated from these three sources of bile all show features similar to in vivo cholangiocytes. The regional‐specific characteristics of the BCOs are reflected by the exclusive expression of regional common bile duct genes (HOXB2 and HOXB3) by ERCP‐derived BCOs and gallbladder‐derived BCOs expressing gallbladder‐specific genes. Moreover, BCOs have limited hepatocyte‐fate differentiation potential compared to intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids. These results indicate that organoid‐initiating cells in bile are likely of local (extrahepatic) origin and are not of intrahepatic origin. Regarding the functionality of organoid initiating cells in bile, we demonstrate that BCOs efficiently repopulate decellularized EHBD scaffolds and restore the monolayer of cholangiocyte‐like cells in vitro. Bile samples obtained through minimally invasive procedures provide a safe and effective alternative source of cholangiocyte organoids. The shedding of (organoid‐initiating) cholangiocytes in bile provides a convenient source of organoids for regenerative medicine.
Biological significance of MYC and CEBPD coamplification in urothelial carcinoma: Multilayered genomic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional positive feedback loops enhance oncogenic glycolysis
Authors: Chan Ti‐Chun , Chen Yi‐Ting , Tan Kien Thiam , Wu Chia‐Ling , Wu Wen‐Jeng , Li Wei‐Ming , Wang Ju‐Ming , Shiue Yow‐Ling , Li Chien‐Feng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim of this study is to decipher the underlying mechanisms of CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein delta (CEBPD)‐enhanced glycolysis as well as the biological significance of CEBPD and MYC coamplification in urothelial carcinoma (UC).MethodsIn vitro analyses were conducted to examine the effects of altered CEBPD or MYC expression on UC cells. The in vivo effects of CEBPD overexpression in a high‐glucose environment on tumour growth were investigated in xenografted induced diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency/beige mice. Data mining was used to cross‐validate the associations between CEBPD and MYC copy number and transcriptional expression, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, chromogenic in situ hybridization, and in situ hybridization targeting microRNA were performed on 635 UC patient samples and xenograft samples. UC patient survival in relation to diabetes was validated by using the National Health Insurance Research Database.ResultsCEBPD and MYC coamplification (29.6%) occurred at a high frequency, MYC expression promoted chromosomal instability, facilitating CEBPD copy number gain and expression. CEBPD promoted glucose uptake and lactate production by upregulating SLC2A1 and HK2, leading to mitochondrial fission, increased extracellular acidification rate and decreased oxygen consumption rate to fuel cell growth. CEBPD upregulated HK2 expression through multiple regulation pathways including MYC stabilization, suppression of FBXW7 transactivation and MYC‐independent transcriptional suppression of hsa‐miR‐429. Clinical and xenografted experiments confirmed the growth advantage of CEBPD in relation to glucose metabolic dysregulation and the significant correlations between the expression of these genes.ConclusionsWe confirmed that CEBPD has an oncogenic role in UC by activating AKT signalling and initiating metabolic reprogramming from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis to satisfy glucose addiction. These novel CEBPD‐ and MYC‐centric multilayered positive feedback loops enhance cancer growth that could complement theranostic approaches.
Sex influences the effect of adiposity on arterial stiffness and renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system activity in young adults
Authors: Kalenga Cindy Z. , Ramesh Sharanya , Dumanski Sandra M. , MacRae Jennifer M. , Nerenberg Kara , Metcalfe Amy , Sola Darlene Y. , Ahmed Sofia B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionSex influences the cardiovascular risk associated with body mass index (BMI) in older adults. Whether this risk differs by sex in younger adults is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between measures of adiposity and arterial stiffness and reninangiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) activity in younger adults, stratified by sex.MethodsBody mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) and fat mass% (FM%) were measured in healthy participants in a fasting, high‐salt state. Arterial stiffness [pulse wave velocity (PWV) and aortic augmentation index (AIx)] were measured at baseline and in response to angiotensin II challenge, a validated marker of RAAS activity. Associations were evaluated using linear regression analysis and stratified by sex.ResultsNinety‐five healthy, normotensive, non‐diabetic females (n = 67, 37 ± 2 y, BMI 25 ± 1 kg/m2) and males (n = 28, 39 ± 3 y, BMI 27 ± 1 kg/m2) participated in the study. No association was observed between any measure of adiposity and PWV, either at baseline or in response to angiotensin II challenge in premenopausal females. In contrast, all measures of adiposity except HC were associated with PWV at baseline (BMI r = 0.32; WC r = 0.18; WHtR r = 0.34; FM r = 0.21; all values p < .05) and in response to AngII (BMI r = −0.39; WC r = −0.42; WHR r = −0.39; and WHtR r = −0.55) in males. Most adiposity measures were positively associated with baseline AIx (BMI r = 0.33; WC r = 0.27; WHtR r = 0.35; FM% r = 0.25; p < .05) in females, while only WHtR was associated with baseline AIx (r = 0.39; p = .04) in males. All measures of adiposity were positively associated with a blunted Aix response to Ang II (all values p < .001) in females. BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR were associated with a blunted AIx response to Ang II (ΔAIx: BMI r = −0.37; WC r = −0.31; WHR r = −0.16; and WHtR r = −0.22; all values p < .05) in males.ConclusionThe associations between adiposity measures and cardiovascular risk differ by sex in a young population. These factors should be considered when managing cardiovascular risk.
Spray‐Drying, Oil Blending, and the Addition of Antioxidants Enhance the Storage Stability at Room Temperature of Omega‐3‐Rich Microcapsules Based on Chia Oil
Authors: Bordón María Gabriela , Bodoira Romina Mariana , González Agustín , Piloni Roxana , Ribotta Pablo Daniel , Martínez Marcela Lilian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChia oil (CO) has gained popularity given its α‐linolenic acid content (around 60%). Nonetheless, the susceptibility of polyunsaturated fatty acids toward oxidation represents a challenge for incorporating CO in different products, which justifies the need for exploring stabilization methods. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no reports about powders based on chia oil blends are published. Therefore, the objective of this research is to evaluate the stability at room temperature of microencapsulated CO blends [with virgin sesame (VSO) and wheat germ (WGO) oils] and microencapsulated CO with the addition of tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). Spray‐drying yielded powders with a better encapsulation efficiency, flowability, and stability, compared with freeze‐drying. After a storage test performed during 3 months, the highest hydroperoxide content (>100 meq.O2 kg−1 oil) is observed for the microencapsulated CO/WGO 80/20 blend, despite its α and β‐tocopherol contents and its antioxidant activity (>90% inhibition of DPPH radical). Notwithstanding, bulk and microencapsulated CO‐TBHQ, CO/VSO 80/20, and 20/80 showed hydroperoxide contents <8 meq.O2 kg−1 oil. By the end of the test, the highest induction period is observed for the microencapsulated CO/VSO 20/80 blend (19.85 ± 0.18 h). Finally, the drying method and the core formulation greatly affect the stability of microcapsules.Practical Applications: Addition of antioxidants, oil blending and microencapsulation are technological solutions for the preservation of omega‐3‐rich oils, which are popular among healthy food consumers. This research studies and compares the microencapsulation processes by spray or freeze‐drying in order to preserve chia oil blends (with virgin sesame and wheat germ oils) and chia oil with the addition of antioxidants, thereby taking the advantages of the three technological solutions mentioned above. Stable omega‐3‐rich powders, with a higher oxidative stability than pure chia oil, can be obtained as ingredients for the food industry. This ultimately allows the incorporation of the oil into different food products developed to satisfy specific market tendencies.
Transcriptome profiling of guinea pig skin exposed to a high‐power terahertz source
Authors: Zhou Chengxia , Xiong Lidan , Zhou Xun , Li Li , Yan Qiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTerahertz (THz) radiation has a wide range of applications including use in medicine. However, effects of high‐power THz radiation have not been clearly elucidated. We used a 2.52 THz self‐made optically pumped gas THz laser, the low‐ and high‐energy group, to irradiate the backs of Hartley guinea pigs. RNA‐sequencing was done to explore global transcriptional responses in the irradiated skin. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the unexposed and low‐energy exposed groups were associated with skin development, skin barrier establishment, and multicellular organismal water homeostasis or water loss regulation via the skin. On the other hand, comparison between the unexposed and high‐energy exposed groups showed that the DEGs mediated monocarboxylic acid metabolism, blood vessel morphogenesis, establishment of skin barrier, blood vessel development, or angiogenesis. Our analyses demonstrate the potential effects of high‐power THz source on the skin and sets the basis for further studies on the safety and application of the high‐power THz in dermatology.