bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is pregnancy a risk factor for in‐hospital mortality in reproductive‐aged women with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection? A nationwide retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Leung Char , de Paiva Karina Mary 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effect of pregnancy on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) ‐related in‐hospital mortality in women of reproductive age (between 15 and 45 years), with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection confirmed with polymerase chain reaction tests, adjusted for factors such as co‐infection and intervention that were not considered in existing literature.MethodsData gathered from a nationwide database in Brazil were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and multivariate Cox regression. Adjusted odds ratios and hazard ratios of independent factors associated with in‐hospital death were calculated.ResultsA total of 97 712 women were included in the study. After the adjustment for sociodemographic factors, epidemiologic characteristics, pre‐existing medical conditions, and intervention, pregnant women were found to be associated with lower risk for in‐hospital mortality as well as longer survival time compared with non‐pregnant women. When covariates of intervention were omitted from the analysis, pregnancy did not appear to be a significant factor associated with mortality.ConclusionWith the adjustment for intervention that was shown to be an independent factor associated with mortality, pregnancy appeared to have a favorable effect on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Given the immunosuppressed state of pregnancy, this finding is in line with the hypothetical protective role of a weaker immune response that inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokine.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Based Radiomics Features Associated with Depth of Invasion Predicted Lymph Node Metastasis and Prognosis in Tongue Cancer
Authors: Wang Fei , Tan Rukeng , Feng Kun , Hu Jing , Zhuang Zehang , Wang Cheng , Hou Jinsong , Liu Xiqiang 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundAdequate safe margin in tongue cancer radical surgery is one of the most important prognostic factors. However, the role of peritumoral tissues in predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) and prognosis using radiomics analysis remains unclear.PurposeTo investigate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based radiomics analysis with peritumoral extensions contributes toward the prediction of LNM and prognosis in tongue cancer.Study typeRetrospective.PopulationTwo hundred and thirty‐six patients (38.56% female) with tongue cancer (training set, N = 157; testing set, N = 79; 37.58% and 40.51% female for each).Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T; T2‐weighted turbo spin‐echo images.AssessmentRadiomics models (Rprim, Rprim+3, Rprim+5, Rprim+10, Rprim+15) were developed with features extracted from the primary tumor without or with peritumoral extensions (3, 5, 10, and 15 mm, respectively). Clinicopathological characteristics selected from univariate analysis, including MRI‐reported LN status, radiological extrinsic lingual muscle invasion, and pathological depth of invasion (DOI) were further incorporated into radiomics models to develop combined radiomics models (CRprim, CRprim+3, CRprim+5, CRprim+10, CRprim+15). Finally, the model performance was validated in the testing set. DOI was measured from the adjacent normal mucosa to the deepest point of tumor invasion.Statistical TestsChi‐square test, regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, decision analysis, spearman correlation analysis. The Delong test was used to compare area under the ROC (AUC). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf all the models, the CRprim+10 reached the highest AUC of 0.995 in the training set and 0.872 in the testing set. Radiomics features were significantly correlated with pathological DOI (correlation coefficients, −0.157 to −0.336). The CRprim+10 was an independent indicator for poor disease‐free survival (hazard ratio, 5.250) and overall survival (hazard ratio, 17.464) in the testing set.Data ConclusionRadiomics analysis with a 10‐mm peritumoral extension had excellent power to predict LNM and prognosis in tongue cancer.
An Exploration of Online Support Community Participation Among Patients With Vestibular Disorders
Authors: Vanstrum Erik B. , Doherty Joni K. , Sinha Uttam K. , Voelker Courtney C. J. , Bassett Alaina M. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo formally document online support community (OSC) use among patients with vestibular symptoms and gain an appreciation for the perceived influence of participation on psychosocial outcomes and the impact on medical decision‐making.Study DesignSelf reported internet‐based questionnaire.MethodsThe Facebook search function was paired with a comprehensive list of vestibular diagnoses to systematically collect publicly available information on vestibular OSCs. Next, a survey was designed to gather clinicodemographic information, OSC characteristics, participation measures, perceived outcomes, and influence on medical decision‐making. The anonymous instrument was posted to two OSCs that provide support for patients with general vestibular symptoms.ResultsSeventy‐three OSCs were identified with >250,000 cumulative members and >10,000 posts per month. The survey was completed by 549 participants, a cohort of primarily educated middle‐aged (median = 50, interquartile range 40–60), non‐Hispanic white (84%), and female (89%) participants. The participants' most cited initial motivation and achieved goal of participants was to hear from others with the same diagnosis (89% and 88%, respectively). Daily users and those who reported seeing ≥5 providers before receiving a diagnosis indicated that OSC utilization significantly influenced their requested medical treatments (72% daily vs. 61% nondaily, P = .012; 61% <5 providers vs. 71% ≥5 providers P = .019, respectively). Most participants agreed that OSC engagement provides emotional support (74%) and helps to develop coping strategies (68%). Membership of ≥1 year was associated with a higher rate of learned coping skills (61% membership <1‐year vs. 71% ≥1‐year P = .016).ConclusionsThe use of OSCs is widespread among vestibular diagnoses. A survey of two OSCs suggests these groups provide a significant source of peer support and can influence users' ability to interface with the medical system.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:1835–1842, 2022
Fast multi‐parametric imaging in abdomen by corrected dual‐flip angle sequence with interleaved echo acquisition
Authors: Peng Hao , Cheng Chuanli , Wan Qian , Jia Sen , Wang Shuai , Lv Jianxun , Liang Dong , Liu Wenzhong , Liu Xin , Zheng Hairong , Zou Chao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo achieve simultaneous T1,w/proton density fat fraction (PDFF)/ mapping in abdomen within a single breadth‐hold, and validate the accuracy using state‐of‐art measurement.Theory and MethodsAn optimized multiple echo gradient echo (GRE) sequence with dual flip‐angle acquisition was used to realize simultaneous water T1 (T1,w)/PDFF/ quantification. A new method, referred to as “solving the fat‐water ambiguity based on their T1 difference” (SORT), was proposed to address the fat‐water separation problem. This method was based on the finding that compared to the true solution, the wrong (or aliased) solution to fat‐water separation problem showed extra dependency on the applied flip angle due to the T1 difference between fat and water. The measurement sequence was applied to correct the inhomogeneity for T1,w relaxometry. The 2D parallel imaging was incorporated to enable the acquisition within a single breath‐hold in abdomen.ResultsThe multi‐parametric quantification results of the proposed method were consistent with the results of reference methods in phantom experiments (PDFF quantification: R2 = 0.993, mean error 0.73%; T1,w quantification: R2 = 0.999, mean error 4.3%; quantification: R2 = 0.949, mean error 4.07 s−1). For volunteer studies, robust fat‐water separation was achieved without evident fat‐water swaps. Based on the accurate fat‐water separation, simultaneous T1,w/PDFF/ quantification was realized for whole liver within a single breath‐hold.ConclusionThe proposed method accurately quantified T1,w/PDFF/ for the whole liver within a single breath‐hold. This technique serves as a quantitative tool for disease management in patients with hepatic steatosis.
Comparison of diet, muscle strength, steps per day and symptoms in people with HIV and HIV‐negative peers
Authors: Davey Christine Horvat , Trinh Vinh , Schexnayder Julie , Longenecker Chris T. , Webel Allison 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPeople with HIV (PWH) experience a high frequency of symptoms that are associated with poor clinical outcomes. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from an observational study to examine whether diet, muscle strength, or physical activity were associated with symptoms among PWH and their HIV‐uninfected peers. One‐hundred ninety‐one individuals (105 PWH and 86 HIV uninfected) with similar age and race were included. Symptoms were examined using the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS‐29) questionnaire, for which lower scores indicate higher function or fewer symptoms. The total healthy eating index score and carbohydrates, sugar sweet beverages, alcohol, and fiber consumption per day were obtained through 24‐hour dietary recalls. A dynamometer was used to determine muscle strength. Steps per day were examined through 7 days of actigraphy. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between symptoms and diet, muscle strength, and steps per day. Participants were, on average, 54 years, 83% were African American, and 58% were male. In PWH, less healthy eating, fiber intake, and muscle strength were associated with poorer physical function; more steps per day were associated with fatigue; less daily carbohydrate consumption was associated with more pain. HIV‐uninfected individuals demonstrated an association between fewer steps per day and poorer physical function and more pain, and less carbohydrate intake and more sleep disturbance. The relationships between diet, muscle strength, steps per day and PROMIS‐29 health domains differed by HIV status.
Acute bronchiolitis in Switzerland – Current management and comparison over the last two decades
Authors: Hartog Katharina , Ardura‐Garcia Cristina , Hammer Jürg , Kuehni Claudia E. , Barben Jürg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough international guidelines and Cochrane reviews emphasize that therapies do not alter the natural course of acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB), they are still prescribed frequently. This survey evaluated self‐reported management of AVB by Swiss pediatricians in 2019 and compared it with previous surveys.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional online survey of all board‐certified pediatricians in Switzerland in November 2019 and compared the reported use of therapies with that reported in the 2001 and 2006 surveys. We used multivariable ordered logistic regression to assess factors associated with reported prescription of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and physiotherapy.ResultsAmong 1618 contacted board‐certified pediatricians, 884 returned the questionnaires (55% response rate). After exclusions were applied, 679 were included in the final analysis. Pediatricians working in primary care reported using therapeutics more frequently than those working in a hospital setting, either always or sometimes: bronchodilators 53% versus 38%, corticosteroids 37% versus 23%, and antibiotics 39% versus 22%. The opposite occurred with physiotherapy: 53% reported prescribing it in hospital and 44% in primary care. There was an overall decrease in the prescription of therapeutics and interventions for AVB from 2001 to 2019. The proportion who reported “always” prescribing corticosteroids decreased from 71% to 2% in primary care, and of those “always” prescribing bronchodilators from 55% to 1% in hospitals.ConclusionAlthough we observed a significant decrease since 2001, more effort is required to reduce the use of unnecessary therapies in children with AVB.
The reaction path of cyclooctatetraene dimerization revisited
Authors: Castanedo Lázaro A. M. , Matta Chérif F. , Ylijoki Kai E. O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe electron density and the electron localization‐delocalization matrices (LDMs) are used to revisit the cyclooctetraene (COT) dimerization mechanism. The global minimum of a COT monomer (the tub geometry) exhibits a rare topological feature, giving rise, not to one, but totworing critical points and a cage critical point necessary to satisfy the Poincaré‐Hopf relation. The energy profiles were used to identify the rate‐limiting step of the reaction: the penultimate transition state of a series of five transition states in total. While the monomers themselves have zero dipolar polarization, the dimer has a nonnegligible total dipole moment reaching almost 1 debye with fluctuations in strength and orientation along the reaction path. The reaction can hence, possibly, be manipulated with intense laser fields. This classic reaction has been used to elucidate whether the electron LDMs reflect structural or energetic similarity. It is found that LDMs are excellent monitors of structural/electronic similarity between different species on the reaction coordinate. A reaction can be characterized by a three‐dimensional hypermatrix whereby the matrix elements change as a function of the reaction coordinate, which can be represented as a parallelepiped of matrix elements. A study of the electron density of the system as the reaction progresses identifies and characterizes the bond paths that drive the reaction. It is hoped that this dynamic picture of the evolution of the electron density complements the usual arrow pushing reaction mechanisms used by organic chemists.
‐stability of hybrid neutral stochastic differential equations with infinite delay
Authors: Caraballo Tomás , Mchiri Lassaad , Mohsen Belfeki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, we study the ‐stability in qth moment (.s.q.m) of hybrid neutral stochastic differential equations with infinite delay (HNSDEID) using the Lyapunov techniques and the method of M‐matrix. Finally, we apply the main result to some examples.
Vereinfachte Bemessung von ermüdungsbeanspruchten Stahlgussbauteilen
Authors: Nagel Sven , Ummenhofer Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDer Werkstoff Stahlguss ist aufgrund seiner hohen mechanischen Beanspruchbarkeit und der nahezu freien Formgebung theoretisch ideal für den Einsatz in ermüdungsbeanspruchten Konstruktionen geeignet. Allerdings wird der Bauteilwiderstand durch herstellungsbedingte Ungänzen beeinflusst. Aufgrund bislang fehlender Kenntnisse und in Ermangelung einfach anwendbarer Bemessungsansätze wird in der Praxis der Einsatz von Stahlguss meist vermieden oder aber durch häufig vermeidbare höchste Qualitätsanforderungen unnötig verteuert. Die pauschale Wahl der höchsten Qualitätsstufe ist wegen des hohen Herstellungsaufwands unwirtschaftlich und unter technischen Gesichtspunkten nicht im gesamten Bauteil erforderlich, da selbst größere Gussfehler die statische und zyklische Leistungsfähigkeit eines Bauteils nicht zwangsläufig reduzieren. In diesem Beitrag wird ein einfach handhabbarer Bemessungsansatz vorgestellt, der eine auf lokalen Beanspruchungen basierende Festlegung der erforderlichen Herstellqualität ermöglicht. Die Verknüpfung zwischen Beanspruchbarkeit und zulässigen Fehlergrößen erfolgt mit neu definierten Widerstandskategorien. Diese neu entwickelte Bemessungsmethode basiert auf der Begrenzung der maximal aufnehmbaren Spannungsschwingbreiten, orientiert sich an etablierten Nachweiskonzepten und ist somit direkt auf eine verhältnismäßig einfache baupraktische Anwendbarkeit ausgerichtet. Einflüsse wie Mittelspannung, Formtoleranzen oder Spannungsgradienten werden berücksichtigt.
Thermoelastic vibrations in initially stressed rotating microbeams caused by laser irradiation
Authors: Abouelregal Ahmed E. , Mondal Sudip 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe current paper has been presented to illustrate the thermoelastic vibration of a rotating microbeam based on generalized thermoelasticity theory, taking into account Euler–Bernoulli's assumptions. Using Hamilton's principle, the equation of motion of the initially stressed rotating microbeams has been derived. The microbeam is exposed to femtosecond laser pulses and sinusoidal varying heat. The Laplace transform technique is applied to obtain an analytical solution to the field variables. The influence of properties of various parameters, such as axial load, laser pulse duration, angular velocity, and material variation on the thermal and elastic waves of the rotating microbeam has been displayed graphically and discussed in detail.
Island for gravitationally prepared state and pseudo entanglement wedge
Authors: Miyaji Masamichi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We consider spacetime initiated by a finite-sized initial boundary as a generalization of the Hartle-Hawking no-boundary state. We study entanglement entropy of matter state prepared by such spacetime. We find that the entanglement entropy for large subregion is given either by the initial state entanglement or the entanglement island, preventing the entropy to grow arbitrarily large. Consequently, the entanglement entropy is always bounded from above by the boundary area of the island, leading to an entropy bound in terms of the island. The island I is located in the analytically continued spacetime, either at the bra or the ket part of the spacetime in Schwinger-Keldysh formalism. The entanglement entropy is given by an average of complex pseudo generalized entropy for each entanglement island. We find a necessary condition of the initial state to be consistent with the strong sub-additivity, which requires that any probe degrees of freedom are thermally entangled with the rest of the system. We then find a large parameter region where the spacetime with finite-sized initial boundary, which does not have the factorization puzzle at leading order, dominates over the Hartle-Hawking no-boundary state or the bra-ket wormhole. Due to the absence of a moment of time reflection symmetry, the island in our setup is a generalization of the entanglement wedge, called pseudo entanglement wedge. In pseudo entanglement wedge reconstruction, we consider reconstructing the bulk matter transition matrix on A ∪ I, from a fine-grained state on A. The bulk transition matrix is given by a thermofield double state with a projection by the initial state. We also provide an AdS/BCFT model by considering EOW branes with corners. We also find the exponential hardness of such reconstruction task using a generalization of Python’s lunch conjecture to pseudo generalized entropy.
Kernel-independent adaptive construction of $$\mathcal {H}^2$$-matrix approximations
Authors: Bauer M. , Bebendorf M. , Feist B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA method for the kernel-independent construction of$$\mathcal {H}^2$$H2-matrix approximations to non-local operators is proposed. Special attention is paid to the adaptive construction of nested bases. As a side result, new error estimates for adaptive cross approximation (ACA) are presented which have implications on the pivoting strategy of ACA.
Multiple sclerosis and myelin basic protein: insights into protein disorder and disease
Authors: Martinsen Vebjørn , Kursula Petri 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMyelin basic protein (MBP) is an abundant protein in central nervous system (CNS) myelin. MBP has long been studied as a factor in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune neurodegenerative disease multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is characterized by CNS inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss. One of the main theories on the pathogenesis of MS suggests that exposure to foreign antigens causes the activation of cross-reactive T cells in genetically susceptible individuals, with MBP being a possible autoantigen. While a direct role for MBP as a primary antigen in human MS is unclear, it is clear that MBP and its functions in myelin formation and long-term maintenance are linked to MS. This review looks at some key molecular characteristics of MBP and its relevance to MS, as well as the mechanisms of possible molecular mimicry between MBP and some viral antigens. We also discuss the use of serum anti-myelin antibodies as biomarkers for disease. MBP is a prime example of an apparently simple, but in fact biochemically and structurally complex molecule, which is closely linked to both normal nervous system development and neurodegenerative disease.
Effectiveness of different fiber post removal techniques and their influence on dentinal microcrack formation
Authors: Haupt Franziska , Riggers Insa , Konietschke Frank , Rödig Tina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different fiber post removal techniques and to correlate dentinal loss with microcrack formation.

Materials and methods
Forty-five extracted single-rooted teeth were root canal treated and fiber posts were adhesively luted. Specimens were divided into three groups (n = 15) according to the removal technique: long-shaft round bur (EndoTracer #08, Komet, Lemgo, Germany), SonicFlex Endo (KaVo, Biberach, Germany), DT Post Removal Kit (VDW, Munich, Germany). Roots were scanned before post cementation and after post removal using micro-computed tomography. Dentin loss, residual luting material, working time, and the induction of microcracks were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed by using multiple contrast tests (max-t tests, α = 0.05). Correlations between parameters dentin loss/new microcracks and dentin loss/residual material were calculated using Kendall’s tau.

Results
Post removal with SonicFlex Endo resulted in the highest amount of removed dentin with significant differences to the round bur and the DT Post Removal Kit. No technique was found to completely remove the post and luting material. All techniques induced microcracks with the DT Post Removal Kit presenting the highest number of new defects. No correlation between dentin loss and new microcracks was observed. Deviations from the original root canal occurred in all groups, but no perforation was observed.

Conclusions
All techniques resulted in dentin loss, residual luting material, and the formation of microcracks. However, no correlation between dentin loss and the induction of microcracks was observed.

Clinical relevance
As all techniques resulted in microcrack formation and dentin loss, this study emphasizes the risk of iatrogenic damage due to post removal procedures.