bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Factors Hindered the Access to Essential Anti-Cancer Medicine in Public Hospitals amongst the Local Population in Hubei Province, China?
Authors: Chen Chaoyi , Feng Zhanchun , Yan Ziqi , Ding Yufeng , Wang Jia , Wang Ruoxi , Fu Qian , Feng Da 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCancer poses a serious threat to one’s health, which caused significant economic burden on the family and society. Poor availability and affordability resulted in some essential medicines failing to meet the basic health needs of this group of patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the availability, prices and affordability of 32 anticancer essential medicines in Hubei Province, China.MethodsData on the availability and price related information of 32 essential anticancer medicines in the capital and five other cities of Hubei Province were collected. A total of 28 hospitals were sampled, which included 13 tertiary hospitals and 15 secondary hospitals. We used the standard methods developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Health Action International (HAI) to compare the differences in drug price, availability and affordability between secondary hospitals and tertiary hospitals. ResultsOverall, the availability of medicine was higher in tertiary hospitals. The average availability of originator brand (OBs) was 13.70% (tertiary hospitals) VS 6.67% (secondary hospitals), and lowest-priced generic (LPGs) was 62.83% (tertiary hospitals) VS 42.92% (secondary hospitals). The MPR value of most sampled medicines in secondary hospitals were less than 1. In contrast, the MPR of Cytarabine (17.15), Oxaliplatin (12.73) were significantly higher than the international reference price. The top three OBs’ total expenses for 30-day treatment were Irinotecan, Oxaliplatin, Bicalutamide. Further, their affordability was relative low, as the costs for one course using these medicines were much higher than 20% of the minimum family monthly income.ConclusionThough the “Zero Mark-Up” and “Two Vote” Policies have been implemented in China, the availability issue yet to be addressed. High price and low affordability were the major barriers to the access of essential anticancer medicines. Measures should be taken to provide sufficient, available and affordable medicines to patients in need.
Electronic and vibrational decoupling in chemically exfoliated bilayer 2D-V2O5
Authors: R Reshma P , Pazhedath Anees , Karuppiah Ganesan , Prasad Arun , Dhara Sandip 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recently emerged transition metal oxide (TMO) based 2D nanostructures are gaining a foothold in advanced applications. Unlike, 2D transition metal dichalchogenides, it is strenuous to obtain high quality thin TMOs due to exotic surface reconstruction during synthesis. Herein, we report the synthesis of bilayer thin 2D-V2O5 nanosheets using chemical exfoliation. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy substantiate the successful formation of bilayer thin 2D-V2O5. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra exhibit a thickness dependent blue shift in the optical band gap, signifying the emergence of electronic decoupling. Raman spectroscopy fingerprinting shows a thickness dependent vibrational decoupling of phonon modes. Further, it has been verified by computing the lattice vibrational modes using density functional perturbation theory. In this study, the manifestation of the electronic and vibrational decoupling is used as a novel probe to confirm the successful exfoliation of bilayer 2D-V2O5 from its bulk counterpart.
Afterload-related reference values for myocardial work indices
Authors: Li Qiancheng , Wang Hui , Feng Haiyan , Wu Tingfan , Yang Ying , Gao Dongmei , SUN Lina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The novel noninvasive pressure-strain loop (PSL) is a reliable tool that reflects myocardial work (MW). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) is the only independent factor for MW indices. However, afterload-related reference values have not been previously reported. The aim of the present study was to establish reference values for MW parameters by SBP grading over a wide range.
Methods

We prospectively selected healthy individuals and subjects with SBP ≥ 140mmHg at the time of study without myocardial remodeling. MW parameters were collected and the reference values achieved were grouped by SBP in 10-mmHg.
Results

Significant differences were noted among the SBP-groups for global work index (GWI) and global constructive work (GCW). The majority of statistical comparisons of the differences in GWI and GCW were significant at each SBP-group. With SBP ranging from 90 to 189mmHg, the parameters GWI and GCW tended to increase linearly with afterload. Overall, the global wasted work (GWW) tended to rise as SBP was increased, but not all of the differences noted in GWW were significant for each SBP-group. Global work efficiency (GWE) remained stable across all SBP-groups, with the exception of a slight drop noted when it exceeded 160 mmHg.
Conclusions

The amount of MW but not the work
efficiency varied greatly according to the different
afterload.

This finding cannot be ignored during clinical research or diagnosis and afterload-related reference values are required to make a reasonable judgment on the myocardial function.
Rv0494 Mediates Tolerance to Antibiotics in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Ji Lei , Cai Damin , Hua Kouzhen , Du Peng , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhao Xin , Xie Jianping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Fatty acid metabolism plays an important role in the survival and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. During dormancy, lipids are considered to be the main source of energy. The previous studies find that Rv0494 is a starvation-inducible, lipid-responsive transcriptional regulator. However, the role of Rv0494 in bacterial persister survival has not been studied.Methods: We constructed Rv0494 deletion mutant and assessed the susceptibility of the mutant to various antibiotics conditions in persister assays.Results: We found that mutations in Rv0494 caused a defect in persister survival as shown by their increased susceptibility to Isoniazid.Conclusions: We conclude that Rv0494 is important for persister survival and may serve as a good target for developing new antibiotics that kill persister bacteria for improved treatment of persistent bacterial infections.
Moving ahead from Hydrogen to Methanol Economy: Scope and challenges
Authors: Sonthalia Ankit , Kumar Naveen , Tomar Mukul , V Edwin Geo , S Thiyagarajan , Pugazhendhi Arivalagan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Energy is the driver in the economic development of any country. It is expected that the developing countries like India will account for 25% hike in world-wide energy demand by 2040 due to the increase in the per capita income and rapid industrialization. Most of the developing countries do not have sufficient oil reserves and imports nearly all of their crude oil requirement. The perturbations in the crude oil price, sanctions on Iran and adverse environmental impacts from fossil fuel usage are some of the concern. Therefore, developing countries have started investing heavily in solar and wind power and are considering hydrogen as a future energy resource. Hydrogen is possibly the cleanest fuel and produces only water vapour upon combustion. However, to tap the potential of hydrogen as a fuel, an entirely new infrastructure will be needed for transporting, storing and dispensing it safely, which would be expensive. In the transportation sector, a liquid alternate to fossil fuels will be highly desirable as the existing infrastructure can be used with minor modifications. Amongst the possible liquid fuels, methanol is very promising. Methanol is a single carbon atom compound and can be produced from wide variety of sources such as natural gas, coal, and biomass. The properties of methanol are conducive for use in gasoline engines since it has high octane number and flame speed. Other possible uses of methanol are: as a cooking fuel in rural areas, and as a fuel for running the fuel cells. The present study reviews the limitations in the hydrogen economy and why moving towards methanol economy is more beneficial.
An application of a complex measure to model–based imputation in business statistics1
Authors: Młodak Andrzej 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
When faced with missing data in a statistical survey or administrative sources, imputation is frequently used in order to fill the gaps and reduce the major part of bias that can affect aggregated estimates as a consequence of these gaps. This paper presents research on the efficiency of model–based imputation in business statistics, where the explanatory variable is a complex measure constructed by taxonomic methods. The proposed approach involves selecting explanatory variables that fit best in terms of variation and correlation from a set of possible explanatory variables for imputed information, and then replacing them with a single complex measure (meta–feature) exploiting their whole informational potential. This meta–feature is constructed as a function of a median distance of given objects from the benchmark of development. A simulation study and empirical study were used to verify the efficiency of the proposed approach. The paper also presents five types of similar techniques: ratio imputation, regression imputation, regression imputation with iteration, predictive mean matching and the propensity score method. The second study presented in the paper involved a simulation of missing data using IT business data from the California State University in Los Angeles, USA. The results show that models with a strong dependence on functional form assumptions can be improved by using a complex measure to summarize the predictor variables rather than the variables themselves (raw or normalized).
Analysis of Polish mutual funds performance: a Markovian approach
Authors: Filip Dariusz , Rogala Tomasz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine whether mutual funds provide benefits for their clients. The performance of Polish mutual funds has been evaluated in terms of their efficiency, including their potential inertia over time. Moreover, the use of the phenomenon of economies of scale resulting from assets inflow to the fund by means of the Markovian framework has been examined. The results are consistent with the efficient market hypothesis. When assessing the market-adjusted returns, underperformance was noticed in both small and large funds. The smart money effect, recognised in the literature, is not confirmed here; however, there are some noticeable investor reactions, such as the phenomenon of chasing performance.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN KOLOM PASIR, LAYER PASIR, DAN TERUCUK BAMBU PADA TANAH LEMPUNG JENUH AIR TERHADAP PENURUNAN TANAH LEMPUNG MENGGUNAKAN UJI LABORATORIUM
Authors: Wibowo Dian Eksana , S. Satriarda Dirgantara , Kurniawan Ridwan 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui klasifikasi jenis tanah, properti tanah pengujian dan pengaruh penggunaan metode penambahan variasi tanah lempung jenuh air dengan menggunakan pasir dan cerucuk bambu, terhadap penurunan tanah lempung, kadar air, dan analisis T90. Penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan model boks baja, berukuran 100 cm x 100 cm x 40 cm sebagai media penempatan tanah lempung. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu: (1) Jenis tanah termasuk CH (Clay High Plasticity) menurut klasifikasi USCS dan kelompok 4-7-6(40) menurut klasifikasi AASTHO. (2) Properti tanah adalah G=2,63, LL=74,71%, PL=29,76%, IP=44,95%, SL=19,06%, C=0,75 kg/cm2, OMC=39,2%. (3) Penambahan TPV sangat efektif memperkecil penurunan. Pada pemberian tekanan 0,0125 kg/cm2, 0,025 kg/cm2, 0,05 kg/cm2, dan 0,01 kg/cm2 memperkecil penurunan, berturut-turut: 75,93%; 56,32%; 59,44% dan 42,32%. Pada kedalaman -10 cm penggunaan TPH paling efektif mengurangi kadar air tanah lempung yaitu sebesar 53,30%, berarti mengurangi kadar air sebesar 3,62% dari kondisi tanah asli (TTD). Pada kedalaman 20 cm, penggunaan TCB paling efektif mengurangi kadar air sebesar 3,55% dari kadar air tanah lempung asli (TTD). Penggunaan CTPVH pada beban 0,1 kg/cm2 paling efektif dalam proses konsolidasi yaitu sebesar 94,10% dari tanah asli (TTD) dimana mempunyai nilai sebesar nilai t90 untuk CTPVH yaitu sebesar 15,21 menit. Kata Kunci: air, perkuatan, tanah lempung, T90 ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the classification of soil types, soil properties tested and the effect of using the method of adding variations in the water-saturated clay, using sand and bamboo piles, to clay settlement, moisture content, and T90 analysis. The experimental study used a steel box model, measuring 100 cm x 100 cm x 40 cm as a medium for clay placement. The results of this study are: (1) Soil types including CH (Clay High Plasticity) according to USCS classification and groups 4-7-6 (40) according to AASTHO classification. (2) Soil properties is G=2,63, LL=74,71%, PL=29,76%, IP=44,95%, SL=19,06%, C=0,75 kg/cm2, OMC=39,2%. (3) Addition of TPV is very effective in reducing the settlement. At a pressure of 0,0125 kg/cm2, 0,025 kg/cm2, 0,05 kg/cm2, and 0.01 kg/cm2 minimizing the settlement, respectively: 75,93%; 56,32%; 59,44% and 42,32%. At depths of -10 cm the most effective use of TPH reduces clay soil moisture content by 53,30%, which means reducing water content by 3,62% from the original soil conditions (TTD). At a depth of 20 cm, using TCB is most effective at reducing water content by 3,55% from the original clay soil content (TTD). The use of CTPVH at a load of 0,1 kg/cm2 is most effective in the consolidation process which is 94.10% of the original soil (TTD) which has a value of T90 for CTPVH which is 15,21 minutes. Keywors: water, strainthening, clay, T90
ANALISIS PENURUNAN KUALITAS MUTU KAYU PADA BANGUNAN CAGAR BUDAYA DENGAN METODE NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST (Studi Kasus Bangunan Cagar Budaya Masjid Gedhe Mataram Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta)
Authors: Darmono Darmono , Nugroho Maris Setyo , Widodo Slamet , Ma’arif Faqih 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui mechanical properties material kayu Bangunan Cagar Budaya dengan non-destructive test. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengujian lansung dilapang menggunakan Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV). Terdapat dua variable yang digunakan yaitu kolom cacat dan kolom utuh untuk mengetahui perbedaan nilai cepat rambat gelombang. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak enam buah dengan pengambilan data masing-masing sampel sebanyak lima kali. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kadar air dan berat jenis kayu sebesar 15,03% dan 0,62. Sedangkan hasil pengujian UPV pada kolom cacat dan utuh diperoleh cepat rambat gelombang sebesar 0,71 km/s dan 1,21 km/s. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai MOEd pada kolom utuh sebesar 9.374,37 MPa, sedangkan MOEd pada kolom cacat sebesar 3.240,62 MPa. Kata kunci: mechanical properties kayu, bangunan cagar budaya, ultrasonic pulse velocity ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the mechanical properties of the wood material for the Cultural Heritage Building with a non-destructive test. This study used a direct field testing method using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV). There are two variables used, namely the defective column and the solid column to determine the difference in the value of the fast propagation of the waves. The number of samples used was six with data collection for each sample five times. The test results showed that the moisture content and density of wood were 15.03% and 0.62. While the UPV test results on defective and solid columns obtained wave propagation velocity of 0.71 km / s and 1.21 km / s. Based on the analysis result, it shows that the MOEd value in the whole column is 9,374.37 MPa, while the MOEd in the defective column is 3,240.62 MPa. Keywords: mechanical properties of wood, cultural heritage buildings, ultrasonic pulse velocity
Contribution of Free-Text Comments to the Burden of Documentation: Assessment and Analysis of Vital Sign Comments in Flowsheets
Authors: Yin Zhijun , Liu Yongtai , McCoy Allison B , Malin Bradley A , Sengstack Patricia R 
Published: March 2021

Background
Documentation burden is a common problem with modern electronic health record (EHR) systems. To reduce this burden, various recording methods (eg, voice recorders or motion sensors) have been proposed. However, these solutions are in an early prototype phase and are unlikely to transition into practice in the near future. A more pragmatic alternative is to directly modify the implementation of the existing functionalities of an EHR system.

Objective
This study aims to assess the nature of free-text comments entered into EHR flowsheets that supplement quantitative vital sign values and examine opportunities to simplify functionality and reduce documentation burden.

Methods
We evaluated 209,055 vital sign comments in flowsheets that were generated in the Epic EHR system at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center in 2018. We applied topic modeling, as well as the natural language processing Clinical Language Annotation, Modeling, and Processing software system, to extract generally discussed topics and detailed medical terms (expressed as probability distribution) to investigate the stories communicated in these comments.

Results
Our analysis showed that 63.33% (6053/9557) of the users who entered vital signs made at least one free-text comment in vital sign flowsheet entries. The user roles that were most likely to compose comments were registered nurse, technician, and licensed nurse. The most frequently identified topics were the notification of a result to health care providers (0.347), the context of a measurement (0.307), and an inability to obtain a vital sign (0.224). There were 4187 unique medical terms that were extracted from 46,029 (0.220) comments, including many symptom-related terms such as “pain,” “upset,” “dizziness,” “coughing,” “anxiety,” “distress,” and “fever” and drug-related terms such as “tylenol,” “anesthesia,” “cannula,” “oxygen,” “motrin,” “rituxan,” and “labetalol.”

Conclusions
Considering that flowsheet comments are generally not displayed or automatically pulled into any clinical notes, our findings suggest that the flowsheet comment functionality can be simplified (eg, via structured response fields instead of a text input dialog) to reduce health care provider effort. Moreover, rich and clinically important medical terms such as medications and symptoms should be explicitly recorded in clinical notes for better visibility.
Diversity of Arthropods in Different Rice Varieties in Bantul Regency
Authors: Lestari Indah Sri , Martono Edhi , Wijonarko Arman 
Published: March 2021

High-yielding varieties are used as one of the technologies to increase rice productivity in Indonesia. Varieties, however, invite the arrival of arthropod during their growing phase. One of the method to manage arthropods during the growing stage is the use of high-yielding varieties. In this trial, IR-64, Ciherang, Situ Bagendit, Mekongga and Mixed Varieties were used. The mixed variety is a combination of IR-64, Ciherang, Situ Bagendit and Mekongga. These rice varieties are the most common varieties used by farmers in Bantul Regency. To collect arthropods, the traps used were sweep net, yellow sticky and pitfall traps. The purpose of this study was to determine arthropod’s diversity, evenness and dominance in different rice plant varieties in one planting season. The study was conducted in the village of Wijirejo, Pandak, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The observations were conducted in the evening between 16.00–18.00 p.m., with the interval of twice a week for 5 observations. Arthropods were identified up to the family level. This research resulted in the diversity index (Shannon-Winner) of 1.97–2.82 which is categorized as medium, the evenness index of 0.61–0.71, categorized as medium and the dominance index of 0.10–0.22, categorized as lower level. The ecosystemof the research area was unstable in diversity, evenness, and dominance due to the transition process, and it took quite some times to stabilize the rice fields. Therefore, a more thorough research is still necessary, especially for the ricegrowing season to follow.
Nothing is Standard: The Transformation of Standard Costing Under State Policy in the USSR (1929–1934)
Authors: Sidorova Marina , McBride Karen , Nazarov Dmitry 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
In the 1930s, active industrialization of the economy in the USSR was impossible without using modern management techniques and accounting methods. To increase the manageability of industrial enterprises, attempts to introduce standard costing, imported from the United States, were undertaken. Previously called progressive and useful, after the policy of the Communist Party changed, standard costing was identified as a calculative technique that did not correspond to the goals of the socialist state. Soviet researchers formulated the principles of normative cost accounting, based on standard costing. This new version was greatly simplified and lost its analytical focus. The paper investigates the influence of state policy on the transformation of standard costing methodology during the construction of the Socialist economy. The authors contribute to previous literature by focusing on the periodic press, professional societies, and educational institutions being used as tools of political power to put pressure on accounting theory and practice.
Failure of Securitizing the Climate Change Issue at the United Nations Security Council (2007-2019)
Authors: Dewi Murni Kemala 
Published: March 2021

Abstract This paper describes the dynamics of debates on the securitization of climate change issue at the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), which took place from 2007 to 2019. Although there have been four open debates on this issue at the UNSC, until 2019, the process of the securitization of climate change issue has failed. Prior studies discussing the same concern has only explained some of the reasons proposed in the debates, such as relating to the mandate of the UNSC, the division of work in the UN units, and whether the issue of climate change could be considered as a security issue. By applying the Externalist School of Securitization theory, this paper analyzes the relationship between sociolinguistics and socio-politics in the dynamics of the debates on the securitization of climate change issue at the UNSC and the roles of the permanent members in the debates. The main argument in this research is spotted on the existing rejection against the framing of climate change as a security issue by several UNSC permanent members, hence no mitigation policy can be mutually agreed upon. This has resulted in a failure in the process of securitizing the climate change issue at the UNSC (2007-2019). Keywords:The Security Council, Climate Change, Securitization