bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective observational cohort study of premature neonates screened for ROP with 7 years of follow-up assessing the visual outcomes and adequacy of preschool visual screening
Authors: Simpson Alasdair Innes , McAllister Emma , Hamilton Ruth , Wright Jacqueline , Millar Eoghan 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundVery premature infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) that do not develop ROP still experience serious visual developmental challenges, and while it is recommended that all children in the UK are offered preschool visual screening, we aimed to explore whether this vulnerable group requires dedicated follow-up.MethodsWe performed a real-world retrospective observational cohort study of children previously screened for ROP in NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (Scotland) between 2013 and 2015. We excluded those with any severity of ROP identified during screening. Electronic patient records were searched for preschool orthoptic visual screening (See4School) results and results of referral to the hospital eye service (HES).Results222 children met the inclusion criteria. Their median birth weight was 1200 g and median gestational age was 31 weeks. A total of 111 (50%) of these children had been referred to HES nationally. 103 were referred within the health board where ROP screening took place; of these, 47% (48/103) were referred from the See4School programme, 31% (31/103) from paediatric clinics, 13% (13/103) from primary care and 11% (11/103) from community optometrists. 42 of these 103 referrals (41%) to HES had occurred before the age (3½ years) when children became eligible for See4School screening. At hospital review, 55% (55/99) patients had a glasses prescription issued for refractive error, 22% were estimated to have amblyopia and 30% had a diagnosis of strabismus.ConclusionIn this non-controlled study we found premature infants that do not develop ROP still face considerable visual morbidity and dedicated follow-up may be warranted.
Bacteraemia after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Hadji-Turdeghal Katra , Petersen Jeppe K , Graversen Peter Laursen , Butt Jawad Haider , Strange Jarl Emanuel , Ihlemann Nikolaj , Dahl Jordi Sanchez , Povlsen Jonas Agerlund , Voldstedlund Marianne , Terkelsen Christian Juhl , Møller Christian H , Freeman Philip , Nissen Henrik , De Backer Ole , Koeber Lars , Østergaard Lauge , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundBacteraemia and infective endocarditis (IE) are rare but severe complications of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Limited data exist on the incidence and microbiological profile of early bacteraemia in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the 6-month incidence of bacteraemia, IE and associated mortality following TAVI.MethodsUsing Danish nationwide registries, all patients who underwent TAVI from 2012 to 2021 were identified and matched 1:1 by age, sex and index year with patients who underwent elective coronary angiography (CAG). Outcomes were assessed with cumulative incidence functions and adjusted HRs.ResultsAmong 5990 patients with first-time TAVI (57% male, mean age 80 years, SD 6.9), bacteraemia occurred in 4.2% within 6 months, compared with 2.6% in the CAG group (adjusted HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.96). Common pathogens post-TAVI included Streptococci (20%), Coagulase-negative staphylococci (19%) and Enterococci (18%), differing from the CAG group, where Coagulase-negative staphylococci (22%) andStaphylococcus aureus(16%) predominated. IE developed in 1.1% of patients with TAVI versus 0.1% of patients with CAG (adjusted HR 20.01, 95% CI 5.97 to 67.48).ConclusionBacteraemia and IE rates are substantially elevated within 6 months following TAVI compared with elective CAG. The bacterial profile post-TAVI suggests that current prophylactic antibiotic regimens may not provide adequate coverage.
Assessing the Risk of Antimicrobial Resistance Through Bacterial Contamination in Caregiving Environments at Jimma University Specialized Hospital
Authors: Jemal Temima , Eshetu Tizita Teshome , Olani Dessalegn Dadi , Deti Mulunesh , Mekonnen Zeleke , Tucho Gudina Terefe 
Published: December 2024

Background: Patient caregivers are highly likely to be contaminated with antimicrobial‐resistant microorganisms in the hospital wards. Many of these microorganisms can cause food‐borne infections, affecting admitted patients. Food quality, safety, and contributing factors in Ethiopian health institutions where food is served to in‐patients are poorly understood. Nevertheless, contamination and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) levels could vary from place to place. Infections by these antimicrobial‐resistant pathogens cause prolonged hospital stays, high rates of mortality, and affect individual and country economies in greater amounts.Objective: Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria isolated from family caregivers and food serving utensils in Jimma University specialized hospital.Methods: This study used a cross‐sectional study design to determine the bacteriological contamination of family caregivers (caregivers) and food serving utensils (utensils) and their antimicrobial susceptibility from February to April 2020 at in‐patient pediatric wards of Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC). The study took swab samples from 60 of the caregivers’ hands and utensils who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The laboratory study was supported by survey data taken through questionnaires and managed using EPi data software version 3.1 and SPSS version 21. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis and presented according to frequency distribution.Results: The findings show that 33.3% and 23.3% of caregivers were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), respectively. Similarly, the study identified E. coli (30%), Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumoniae; 26.6%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa; 23.3%) from the utensils. Antibacterial sensitivity test results showed that over 75% of the identified E.coli from caregivers’ and utensils were resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefixime, co‐trimoxazole, and cefotaxime. Similarly, over 65% of the identified S. aureus from the caregivers and utensils were resistant to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and penicillin. All Salmonella group A identified from utensils were also resistant to Augmentin and cefotaxime.Conclusion: As shown in the result, many isolated bacteria were resistant to the standard antibiotics commonly used to treat most diseases. Hence, admitted patients, particularly children, are at risk of infection with these antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria. Due attention must be given to hygienic practices of the hospital environment and individuals to reduce the risks of contamination and transmission.
Kupffer‐Cell‐Targeted Carboxylesterase 1f Knockdown Deteriorates Lipopolysaccharide/D‐Galactosamine‐Induced Acute Liver Failure Through Regulating Cellular Polarization in Mice
Authors: Zhao Sai , Yang Xue , He Yu , Yu Qian , Liu Liang-Ming 
Published: December 2024

Background: Aims: Carboxylesterase (Ces)1f is implicated in protection against hepatic inflammation, but it is unclear whether the enzyme has an influence in polarization of Kupffer cells (KCs), the innate immune cells mediating hepatic inflammatory injury including acute liver failure (ALF). In the present study, we aim to explore KC polarization induced by Ces1f in mice with lipopolysaccharide/D‐galactosamine (LPS/D‐GalN)‐induced ALF.Methods: We adopted a novel delivery system, β‐1,3‐D‐glucan‐encapsulated Endoporter‐siRNA particles, to specifically target KC Ces1f knockdown via tail vein injection in mice.Results: Ces1f knockdown increased LPS/D‐GalN‐induced lethality as well as serum levels of alanine and aspartate transaminases, deteriorated hepatic inflammatory injury, and imbalanced hepatic oxidative stress molecules including myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase in ALF. Ces1f knockdown also increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6) and decreased the levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokine (interleukin‐10) in LPS/D‐Gal‐induced ALF. Ces1f knockdown promoted KC M1 phenotype and marker expression (including CD86 and interleukin‐1β), but inhibited M2 phenotype and marker expression (including CD163, CD206, and Arginase 1).Conclusions: Our results suggest that Ces1f plays a hepatoprotective role through regulating KC polarization, which might contribute to anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative effects in LPS/D‐Gal‐induced ALF mice.
The Optimal Type and Dose of Exercise for Elevating Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Patients With Depression: A Systematic Review With Pairwise, Network, and Dose–Response Meta‐Analyses
Authors: Yuping Zhu , Tianbi Lei , Wentao Shi , Yun Li , Guodong Zhang 
Published: December 2024

Background: Reduced brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels have been linked to increased depression risk. While physical exercise is known to alleviate depressive symptoms and elevate BDNF levels, the effects of different exercise modalities and doses, along with their dose–response relationships, remain unclear.Objective: This study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of various exercise types and doses on BDNF levels in patients with depression through pairwise meta‐analysis, network meta‐analysis (NMA), and dose–response NMA and to provide personalized exercise prescription recommendations.Methods: A comprehensive search identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining exercise’s impact on BDNF levels in depression. Pairwise and NMA compared six exercise modalities: continuous aerobic exercise (CAE), resistance exercise (RE), combined aerobic and resistance exercise (AERE), yoga, Qigong, and mindfulness. Dose–response NMA was used to assess the relationships between exercise dose and BDNF levels.Results: Thirty‐six RCTs with 2515 participants were included. The pairwise meta‐analysis indicated that all exercise interventions significantly elevated BDNF levels in patients with depression, with AERE, RE, and yoga demonstrating the most substantial effects. NMA rankings suggested that AERE was the most effective intervention, followed by RE, yoga, Qigong, mindfulness, and CAE. Dose–response NMA revealed a positive nonlinear dose–response relationship between total exercise volume and BDNF levels, with an optimal effective dose identified at ~610 METs‐min/week. Beyond 1000 metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs)‐min/week, increases in BDNF levels appeared to plateau. Moreover, each exercise type had distinct dose–response patterns, with RE and AERE having relatively higher optimal effective dose ranges, while CAE, yoga, Qigong, and mindfulness exhibited lower optimal ranges.Conclusions: AERE, RE, and yoga are effective interventions for enhancing BDNF levels in patients with depression, with Qigong, mindfulness, and CAE being comparatively less effective. A positive nonlinear dose–response relationship between exercise volume and BDNF levels was observed. Further research is needed to refine dose–response relationships in this population.
Zinc or/and Vitamin E Supplementation Mitigates Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, Neurochemical Changes and Behavioural Deficits in Male Wistar Rats Exposed to Bonny Light Crude Oil
Authors: Ogunmiluyi Oluwafunmbi Ebenezer , Naiho Alexander Obidike , Emojevwe Victor Oghenekparobo , Oladele Tolulope Samuel , Adebisi Kayode Adedoyin , Siyanbade Jacob Adewale , Akinola Adeniran Oluwadamilare 
Published: December 2024

Background: Crude oil, a major key economic driver in developing countries, is also of environmental concern, linked to neurotoxicity and behavioural problems. Despite the known neurotoxic effects of crude oil and the potential benefits of zinc and vitamin E, there is a paucity of research specifically addressing their combined efficacy in mitigating neurochemical changes and behavioural deficits induced by crude oil. Current studies have largely focussed on the individual effects of these supplements in different contexts, but their synergistic potential in a crude oil exposure model remains underexplored. This study investigated the potential effects of zinc and vitamin E on neurobehavioural alterations in male Wistar rats fed with Bonny light crude oil (BLCO)‐contaminated diet.Methods: Thirty (30) male Wistar rats (160 ± 10 g) were assigned into five groups (n = 6). Group 1 received standard rat feed, Group 2 was exposed to BLCO (0.1 mL/g of rat feed) for 3 weeks, and groups 3–5 were treated with zinc (50 mg/kg/day), vitamin E (400 IU/kg), or both [vitamin E (400 IU/kg) + zinc (50 mg/kg/day)], respectively for 1 week after BLCO exposure for 3 weeks. Locomotive, anxiolytic, depressive‐like behaviours and spatial memory were assessed using the open‐field test, elevated plus maze, forced swim test and Y‐maze. Rats were sacrificed and the brain samples were collected for biochemical assays at the end of the behavioural tests.Results: Zinc and vitamin E supplementation (individually or combined) significantly increased brain total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced inflammatory markers (TNF‐alpha) and lipid peroxidation, normalized neurotransmitter levels in the brain and improved behavioural performance.Conclusion: Treatment with Zn and/or vitamin E reverses BLCO‐induced neurobehavioural alterations via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and neurotransmitters.
Catheter Tip Migration in Female Patients With Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Comparative Study of Right‐ and Left‐Sided Chest Ports
Authors: O’Mahony Alexander T. , Coffey Aidan , O’Regan Patrick W. , Walsh Emily , Carey Brian , Ryan James , Dorney Niamh , O’Connor Owen J. , Gleeson Jack , Power Stephen P. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Chest ports are typically inserted via the right internal jugular vein with the left side being utilized in certain patient populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dynamic position of the chest port and catheter tip, comparing a demographically matched cohort of female breast cancer patients with right‐ or left‐sided chest ports.Methods: 142 female patients with breast cancer requiring chest port insertion for chemotherapy and imaging confirming catheter tip position initially with supine fluoroscopy and follow‐up with erect chest radiography over a 5‐year period were identified. Data points analyzed were catheter tip‐to‐carina distance and the distance from the port to the ipsilateral infraclavicular border. Intraprocedural measurements were taken in the supine position during chest port insertion and compared with follow‐up erect chest radiography. The catheter tip position was also allocated a zone within the venous system on both image sets to assess for significant retraction to a more proximal zone in the erect position. Imaging within 12‐months of chest port insertion was also screened to identify port‐related complications.Results: The whole cohort showed significant retraction of the catheter tip (cephalad) (p < 0.001) and protraction of the port (caudal) (p < 0.001). The median tip‐to‐carina distance decreased from 38.3 mm to 28.6 mm and the port‐to‐clavicle distance increased from 31.3 mm to 64.6 mm. Right‐sided chest ports had increased tip‐to‐catheter retraction (15 mm) compared with left‐sided (6.9 mm) (p = 0.310). A complication was identified in 8.5% of the right‐sided and 11% of the left‐sided ports. Zone migration was significantly associated with the occurrence of a complication in left‐sided ports (p = 0.023).Conclusion: When assessing chest port catheter tip position between supine and erect radiographic studies in female patients with breast cancer, retraction cephalad will occur and this is more apparent in right‐sided ports. Change in catheter tip position was not associated with a significant increase in complication rate unless it occurred in left‐sided ports where zone migration was evident.
Computing the Laws of War: Investigating the Relationship between War, International Law and Military Computer Technology
Authors: McKenzie Simon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article proposes the use of conceptual resources from science and technology studies to historicise and investigate co-constitution of the laws of war and military computer technology, with a particular focus on the law’s development in the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions. This approach brings into sharper relief the values of the laws of war and aid our critical analysis of its norms and practices.
Parenting Discrimination and Children’s Rights in lgbtqia+ Families: A Review of International Human Rights Decisions
Authors: Coscini Valeria 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Children in lgbtqia+ families experience discrimination when their parents or primary caregivers, in their role or status as a parent, are discriminated against on lgbtqia+ grounds. However, international and regional human rights courts and committees rarely consider children’s rights or perspectives in lgbtqia+ parenting discrimination cases. This paper argues that human rights courts and committees should consider the impacts of parenting discrimination on children in lgbtqia+ families. Using three critical rights in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (non-discrimination, the child’s best interests, and the child’s right to be heard), this paper comparatively analyses decisions by the European Court of Human Rights, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union and considers insights from the Committee on the Rights of the Child. Human rights courts can significantly improve their decisions by recognising the detrimental impacts of parenting discrimination on children in lgbtqia+ families.
Relevance and Reform
Authors: Ungar Maya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The United Nations is at a point of legitimacy crisis, particularly from members of the so-called global South who have long felt underrepresented by the institution. Through an analysis of recent debates around trust and reform of the UN system, this article explores the UN’s crisis of confidence and what can be done to reduce it. First, the article connects research on trust theories of international relations to the legitimacy and effectiveness of the UN. Second, it reviews recent debates about representation in the UN system, and provides an analysis of their feasibility drawing on desk research and first-person interviews with diplomats and relevant sources. It concludes that the UN is attempting to adapt to remain relevant, but the institution is quickly losing the trust of its membership because of its inability to evolve quickly enough.
Cities’ International Law-Shaping or Making and the Normative Value of Its Effects
Authors: Szpak Agnieszka 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to answer whether cities are emerging as international lawmakers or shapers in human rights law, which is connected with the normative value of the results of such law-making/shaping. After a short introduction, an example of international agreement between cities, the European Charter for the Safeguarding of Human Rights in the City will be examined and compared to the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Social Charter (both inter-state treaties). The former is part of the emergence of cities as international lawmakers/shapers and part of the global and multi-level governance architecture. Then, the paper will present the case study of Barcelona, focused primarily on Barcelona’s implementation of the European Charter for the Safeguarding of Human Rights in the City. Finally, the paper will provide the answer to the above question with some concluding remarks.
Laughter Closed up in Horror: The Case of the Hungarian Ballad about a Walled-up Woman
Authors: Hensel Leszek 
Published: December 2024

Laughter Closed up in Horror: The Case of the Hungarian Ballad about a Walled-up Woman
The paper is dedicated to a paradox. By approaching the topic of violence, I am actually trying to answer the question of whether and how it is possible to combine it with laughter. I was inspired to adopt this perspective by research on the different types of humorous recycling of one of the most popular works of Hungarian folk literature, the ballad Kőmives Kelemenné [Kelemen Mason’s Wife], which is a story of men’s violence against a woman: the walling-up of the master mason’s wife so that the husband and his team could build a durable castle and receive the agreed payment for their work. The article is based on a rich material base, including both short lexical jokes and longer satires and humorous sketches that have been produced in Hungary since the beginning of the 20th century. In addition to written texts, it refers to humorous drawings published in newspapers and magazines and to versions of the ballad that are present in the internet space. Based on theoretical works by, among others, S. Freud, V. Raskin, R. A. Martin, it seeks an answer to the question of the image of Hungarian society that the analysed materials reflect.

Humor zamknięty w horrorze. Przypadek węgierskiej ballady o zamurowanej kobiecie
Artykuł poświęcony jest pewnemu paradoksowi. Podejmując temat przemocy, w istocie próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy i jaki sposób jest możliwe jej połączenie ze śmiechem. Do przyjęcia takiej perspektywy skłaniają badania nad różnymi rodzajami humorystycznego recyklingu jednego z najpopularniejszych utworów węgierskiej literatury ludowej – ballady Kőmives Kelemenné [Żona Kelemena Murarza]. Ballada opowiada o zamurowaniu żony mistrza murarskiego, aby mąż i jego współpracownicy mogli zbudować trwały zamek i otrzymać wysoką zapłatę za swoją pracę. Artykuł opiera się na bogatej bazie materiałowej, obejmującej zarówno krótkie żarty leksykalne, jak i dłuższe satyry i humorystyczne skecze, które powstawały na Węgrzech od początku XX wieku do czasów współczesnych. Oprócz tekstów pisanych odwołuje się do humorystycznych rysunków publikowanych w gazetach i czasopismach oraz do wersji ballady obecnych w przestrzeni internetowej. Biorąc za podstawę prace teoretyczne m.in. S. Freuda, V. Raskina, R. A. Martina, autor poszukuje odpowiedzi na pytanie o obraz społeczeństwa węgierskiego, jaki odzwierciedlają analizowane materiały.