bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology of yolk and pericardial sacs in lecithotrophic and matrotrophic nutrition in poeciliid fishes
Authors: Ponce de León José Luis , Uribe Mari Carmen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe used histological techniques to describe the morphology of the yolk and pericardial sacs in developing embryos of the lecithotrophic species Girardinus creolus, Gambusia puncticulata, Limia vittata, and Quintana atrizona, in comparison with the extreme matrotrophic Heterandria formosa. In lecithotrophic species, the yolk sac was enlarged and lasted until the final stages of development, while in H. formosa it was completely absorbed soon after fertilization. Lecithotrophic poeciliids showed a pericardial sac with a single layer of blood vessels covering the dorsal surface of the cephalic region only, while H. formosa showed a more complex largely vascularized pericardial sac covering the entire dorsal surface, except the caudal region. In advanced gestation of G. creolus, a vascular plexus of the yolk sac reaches the pharyngeal region, behind the gills, suggesting that the pharynx may play a role in embryonic nutrition in lecithotrophic species. These morphological evidences suggest that matrotrophy derives from lecithotrophy.
Limits of Fat Quantification in the Presence of Iron Overload
Authors: Colgan Timothy J. , Zhao Ruiyang , Roberts Nathan T. , Hernando Diego , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundChemical shift encoded magnetic resonance imaging (CSE‐MRI)‐based tissue fat quantification is confounded by increased R2* signal decay rate caused by the presence of excess iron deposition.PurposeTo determine the upper limit of R2* above which it is no longer feasible to quantify proton density fat fraction (PDFF) reliably, using CSE‐MRI.Study TypeProspective.PopulationCramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) calculations, Monte Carlo simulations, phantom experiments, and a prospective study in 26 patients with known or suspected liver iron overload.Field Strength/SequenceMultiecho gradient echo at 1.5 T and 3.0 T.AssessmentCRLB calculations were used to develop an empirical relationship between the maximum R2* value above which PDFF estimation will achieve a desired number of effective signal averages. A single voxel multi‐TR, multi‐TE stimulated echo acquisition mode magnetic resonance spectroscopy acquisition was used as a reference standard to estimate PDFF. Reconstructed PDFF and R2* maps were analyzed by one analyst using multiple regions of interest drawn in all nine Couinaud segments.Statistical TestsNone.ResultsSimulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo measurements demonstrated unreliable PDFF estimates with increased R2*, with PDFF errors as large as 20% at an R2* of 1000 s−1. For typical optimized Cartesian acquisitions (TE1 = 0.75 msec, ΔTE = 0.67 msec at 1.5 T, TE1 = 0.65 msec, ΔTE = 0.58 msec at 3.0 T), an empirical relationship between PDFF estimation errors and acquisition parameters was developed that suggests PDFF estimates are unreliable above an R2* of ~538 s−1 and ~779 s−1 at 1.5 T and 3 T, respectively. This empirical relationship was further investigated with phantom experiments and in vivo measurements, with PDFF errors at an R2* of 1000 s−1 at 3.0 T as large as 10% with TE1 = 1.24 msec, ΔTE = 1.01 msec compared to 3% with TE1 = 0.65 msec, ΔTE = 0.58 msec.Data ConclusionWe successfully developed a theoretically‐based empirical formula that may provide an easily calculable guideline to identify R2* values above which PDFF is not reliable in research and clinical applications using CSE‐MRI to quantify PDFF in the presence of iron overload.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage1
Polymorphisms of RIG‐I‐like receptor influence HBV clearance in Chinese Han population
Authors: Yao Yinan , Shen Yan , Shao Haifeng , Liu Yuchang , Ji Yan , Du Guoming , Ye Xiangyu , Huang Peng , Chen Haiming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRetinoic acid‐inducible gene I‐like receptors (RLRs) play an essential role in human innate immune, which may influence the spontaneous clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We aimed to investigate whether the SNPs in RLR family were associated with HBV spontaneous clearance. The current study included 82 participants with spontaneous clearance, 601 asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, and 168 participants with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Six SNPs (DDX58 rs3824456, rs3205166, DHX58 rs2074160, rs2074158, IFIH1 rs2111485, rs3747517) were genotyped to explore their association with HBV spontaneous clearance. Patients carrying the mutant allele C at rs3824456 or A at rs2074160 were more likely to achieve spontaneous clearance compared with asymptomatic HBsAg carriers (additive model: odds ratio [OR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] =  0.49–0.97; dominant model: OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.31–0.95, respectively). In addition, patients carrying the mutant allele G at rs2111485 were more likely to achieve spontaneous clearance compared with CHB (dominant model: OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.25–0.87). The mutations were protective factors for HBV spontaneous clearance. These results suggest the DDX58 rs3824456, DHX58 s2074160, IFIH1 rs2111485 were associated with spontaneous clearance of HBV, which may be predictive markers in the Chinese Han population of HBV.
Assessment of immunity against Yellow Fever virus infections in northeastern Nigeria using three serological assays
Authors: Baba Marycelin M. , Yahaya Khalid M. , Ezra Emmanuel M. , Adamu Musa , Kulloma Bulama M. , Ikusemoran Mayomi , Momoh John P. , Oderinde Bamidele S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPoor systematic surveillance for Yellow Fever virus (YFV) is primarily due to lack of affordable diagnostic facilities in resource‐constrained countries. This study aimed at providing evidence‐based information on immunity against Yellow Fever with a view to assessing the possibility of the recent epidemics persisting in Nigeria. Six hundred patients with febrile illness seeking malaria test in selected hospitals were tested for YFV antibody using three serological assays: ELISA IgM, microneutralization test (MNT) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The three assays commonly detected YFV antibody (Ab) in 1.7% patients, MNT: IgM in 8.3%, IgM: PRNT in 7.1%, and MNT: PRNT in 3.2%. Immunity against YF was significantly higher in Bauchi and Borno than Adamawa and children aged 0–9 years compared to 20–29 years. YFV neutralizing antibody (nAb) strongly correlated with the vaccination status of the patients. More unvaccinated patients had nAb compared with the vaccinated. Immunity against YF among treated patients with antibiotic and/or antimalaria before sample collection inversely correlated with the untreated. YVnAb among unvaccinated indicates natural infections. Acute YFV infections were mistaken for malaria and natural infections are ongoing. Individuals aged more than or equal to  20 years should be targeted during mass vaccination campaigns. With low population immunity, repetitive YF epidemics in Nigeria is not yet over. The current policy on Yellow Fever vaccination in Nigeria still leaves a large unimmunized population at the risk of epidemics. Sufficient mass vaccination in combination with National Programme on Immunization remains key to averting YF epidemics.
Solvent‐free mechanochemical preparation of graphene oxide–Fe3O4 and its application in magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction of illegal dyes in food samples
Authors: Sha Ou , Liu Hua , Ye Minqiang , Zhu Yuqing , Yao Jiawei , Li Zimin , Zhao Ying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA simple, green, and efficient mechanochemical approach was developed herein to prepare tunable magnetic graphene oxide nanoparticles. The obtained nanoparticles were successfully used as adsorbents in a magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction method to extract three cationic dyes (i.e., thioflavine T, auramine‐O, and basic orange 2) found in food samples. Our proposed approach also utilized high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Several key variables affecting the extraction recovery were investigated. These included the sample pH, amount of extractant, extraction time, sample volume, elution solvent type and volume, and the stability and reusability of the magnetic graphene oxide nanoparticles. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear at a concentration range of 0.005‐1.0 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992‐0.9996. Moreover, the limits of detection were determined at 0.97‐1.35 μg/mL. The extraction mechanism was investigated via ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry and zeta‐potential analyses. The developed method was used to analyze the above‐mentioned cationic dyes in bean products and yellow fish samples. Notably, satisfactory spiked recoveries ranging from 90.7 to 104.9% were achieved.
Africa: A window on challenges and opportunities for head and neck cancer
Authors: Fagan Johannes J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck cancer occurs predominantly in the Developing World, with significant challenges relating to a high burden of disease, late presentation, and poor access to curative and palliative care.AimsThis article describes challenges relating to head and neck cancer care in Sub‐Saharan Africa.Material & MethodsEducational and training innovations that have been undertaken to improve access to cancer care are presented under the following headings: Open Access Educational Resources African Head and Neck Society (AfHNS); African head and neck surgery fellowship training; AfHNS Virtual Tumor Board; The AfHNS Clinical Practice Guidelines for Head & Neck Cancers in Developing Countries and Limited Resource Settings. Concerns are also raised about universally applicable cancer staging systems.ResultsThe challenges facing African patients apply to equally to many other parts of the developing world.DiscussionThe challenges facing African patients apply to equally to many other parts of the developing world.ConclusionsFor outcomes of head and neck cancers to be improved globally, a far greater investment needs to be made in education and training to improve access to care in developing countries. To make a meaningful global impact on morbidity and mortality related to HNC, clinicians, academic institutions and professional societies in developed countries need to be sensitive to these developing world challenges and should directly engage in improving access to care through promoting open access educational resources, offering specialist and fellowship training, collaborating with appropriate research, and establishing and strengthening centers of excellence in developing countries.Level of Evidence2c “Outcomes research”.
Characterizing the three‐dimensional distribution of schooling reef fish with a portable multibeam echosounder
Authors: Holland Matthew M. , Becker Alistair , Smith James A. , Everett Jason D. , Suthers Iain M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMultispecies schools of small planktivorous fishes are important constituents of reefs and coastal infrastructure; however, determining the extent and distribution of these schools is challenging. Here, we describe a novel use of a low‐cost portable multibeam echosounder from a small vessel, which can concurrently measure detailed bathymetry and the distribution of mid‐water targets with high spatial accuracy, regardless of light availability or water clarity. Fish abundance and biomass are not easily quantified by multibeam echosounders, so we developed a new metric for delineating the gridded horizontal distribution of school thickness, and assessed the metric's efficacy by examining its correlation with mean volume backscattering strength derived from a calibrated 38 kHz split‐beam echosounder (R = 0.67). We measured the distribution of fish school thickness around clusters of large concrete modules of an artificial reef using a multibeam echosounder, complemented with underwater video to aid species identification. The mean distribution of school thickness was mapped around the reef field with generalized additive mixed models. Model spatial predictions indicated schools aggregated around module clusters, rather than individual modules. Dynamic schools of fish in relatively shallow coastal waters (~ 30 m) can be surveyed over 400,000 m2 at 3 m s−1 in just 60 min. Portable multibeam echosounders are an accessible and valuable addition to quantifying the dynamic distributions of coastal fishes around features with high vertical relief.
Energy estimates to the Cauchy problem of a weakly damped Klein‐Gordon equation with variable‐exponent nonlinearity
Authors: Mustafa Muhammad I. 
Published: March 2021

In we consider the following Klein‐Gordon equation

in
× (0, T) with a nonlinear feedback having a variable exponent m(x) and a time‐dependent coefficient α(t). We use the multiplier method to establish energy decay results depending on both m and α.
Orbital angular momentum wave generation/detection based on planar multi‐slot‐spiral circularly polarized antenna
Authors: Koohkan Ehsan , Jarchi Saughar , Ghorbani Ayaz , Bod Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrbital angular momentum (OAM) as vortex wave has potential application for dense communication. A multi‐slot antenna is proposed based on Archimedean spirals to generate/detect the OAM waves. The antenna equips three radiation slots in a disk‐manner to realize three different OAM modes simultaneously. A serial‐fed microstrip array is designed for circularly polarized (CP) radiation. The lengths of the slots and microstrip lines are chosen to radiate at 3.5 GHz with 20% fractional bandwidth. So, it can identify the receiving modes of vortex wave with this mechanism. A prominent spiral phase plane is observed for the generated OAM wave. In addition, the far‐field pattern presents a doughnut‐shape beam. The whole antenna is fabricated on a 13 cm printed circuit disk board. Both the experimental and simulation results show that the proposed antenna has valuable features to produce different vortex modes.
Mediating roles of psychological factors and physical and social environments between socioeconomic status and dietary behaviors among African Americans with overweight or obesity
Authors: Jung Sunyoung , Whittemore Robin , Jeon Sangchoon , Nam Soohyun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe study aim was to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and dietary behaviors through psychological and environmental mediators among African Americans with overweight or obesity. We conducted a cross‐sectional study in 225 African American men and women. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with bootstrapping procedures. In the multiple mediation model, SES had a significant indirect effect on dietary behaviors through psychological and environmental factors (β = −.27; p = .01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.59–−0.10), but it had no significant direct effect on dietary behaviors (β = .06; p = .70; 95% CI = −0.21–0.39). SES had significant direct effects on psychological (β = .52; p = .01; 95% CI = 0.31–0.77) and environmental factors (β = −.40; p = .03; 95% CI = −0.53–−0.25). Psychological (β = −.31; p = .02; 95% CI = −0.68–−0.04) and environmental factors (β = .26; p = .01; 95% CI = 0.04–0.47) also showed significant direct effects on dietary behaviors. Thus, psychological and environmental factors mediated the relationship between SES and dietary behaviors in African Americans with overweight or obesity. Interventions that enhance psychological and environmental factors such as self‐efficacy, perceived barriers to healthy eating, health perceptions, and physical and social environments may improve dietary behaviors among socioeconomically disadvantaged African Americans.
The effect of obesity in pregnancy and gestational weight gain on neonatal outcome in glucose‐tolerant mothers
Authors: Loh Huai Heng , Taipin Haslinda , Said Asri 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMost studies showing association between mothers with obesity in pregnancy or excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and adverse neonatal outcome were cross‐sectional or retrospective. Many included patients are with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is a strong risk factor for this adverse outcome. There are no prospective studies on this topic in Malaysia. This study aimed to examine prospectively the effects of obesity in pregnancy and GWG, independent of GDM, on neonatal outcome.MethodsPregnant mothers in the first trimester, who presented to health clinics in Kuching, were screened. Mothers with existing diabetes mellitus or GDM were excluded using 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test during the first and second trimesters. Participants with the first trimester BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 were recruited as overweight/obese group, whereas those with BMI 18.5–22.9 kg/m2 were taken as the comparison group. At every trimester visit, mothers' weights were recorded. Babies' birth weight and occurrence of adverse neonatal outcome were documented.ResultsThere were 123 mothers recruited as overweight/obese group (mean BMI 29.0 kg/m2 ± 4.45) and 102 mothers as comparison group (mean BMI 20.4 kg/m2 ± 1.48). The number of low birth weight was similar between groups: 9.8% in overweight/obese group, 6.9% in the comparison group (p = 0.416). More than half of these babies were born to mothers with inadequate GWG (58.3% in obese group vs. 57.1% in control group, p = 0.077). There was no significant difference in the mean birth weight (3000 g ± 454.5 vs. 3038 g ± 340.8, p = 0.471), preterm delivery (8.13% vs. 3.92%, p = 0.193), and admission rate to neonatal intensive care unit (8.13% vs. 7.85%, p = 0.937) between groups. There was a positive correlation between the total GWG in overweight/obese group on baby's weight (r = 0.222, p = 0.013). Inadequate GWG was not correlated with lower birth weight (p = 0.052).ConclusionsObesity in pregnancy was not associated with poor neonatal outcome in this small sample of women in Malaysia. Total GWG showed a weak correlation with baby's birth weight in overweight/obese group.
Nitrogen‐containing organic products from the treatment of liquid toluene with plasma‐activated N2 gas
Authors: Hosseini Hamideh , Saleem Mubbshir , Marotta Ester , Paradisi Cristina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis proof‐of‐principle study explored the possibility to form nitrogen‐containing organic products via exposure of liquid toluene to a flow of molecular nitrogen, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, activated by dielectric barrier discharges. N‐containing organic compounds indeed formed under these conditions, including benzonitrile, a high‐value chemical that is industrially synthesized from toluene under demanding conditions. Toluene‐derived higher hydrocarbons, as well as oxygen‐containing derivatives, were also detected, the latter due to efficient reactions of residual oxygen in the system. A mechanistic description of the observed chemistry is provided, together with guidelines for increasing the selectivity for C–N forming reactions and the development of this approach into a novel synthetic approach for high‐value organic N‐containing chemicals.
Nonparametric triple exponentially weighted moving average signed‐rank control chart for monitoring shifts in the process location
Authors: Alevizakos Vasileios , Chatterjee Kashinath , Koukouvinos Christos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNonparametric (or distribution‐free) control charts are used for monitoring processes where there is a lack of knowledge about the underlying distribution. In this article, a triple exponentially weighted moving average control chart based on the signed‐rank statistic (referred as TEWMA‐SR chart) is proposed for monitoring shifts in the location parameter of an unknown, but continuous and symmetric, distribution. The run‐length characteristics of the proposed chart are evaluated performing Monte Carlo simulations. A comparison study with other existing nonparametric control charts based on the signed‐rank statistic, the TEWMA sign chart, and the parametric TEWMA‐ chart indicates that the proposed chart is more effective in detecting small shifts, while it is comparable with the other charts for moderate and large shifts. Finally, two illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the application of the proposed chart.
Reverse engineering in quantum chemistry: How to reveal the fifth‐order off‐diagonal cusp in the one‐electron reduced density matrix without actually calculating it
Authors: Cioslowski Jerzy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThree approaches to revealing the presence of the fifth‐order off‐diagonal cusp in the one‐electron reduced density matrix (the 1‐matrix) are discussed. The simplest of them is based upon reverse engineering of the previously known properties of natural orbitals and their occupancies. The most straightforward approach that involves explicit evaluation of the 1‐matrix is shown to lead to almost intractable algebra. A closed‐form expression for the spherical average of with respect to the orientation of is obtained as a by‐product of this investigation.
Nintedanib treatment for pulmonary fibrosis after coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Ogata Hiroaki , Nakagawa Taisuke , Sakoda Soichiro , Ishimatsu Akiko , Taguchi Kazuhito , Kadowaki Masako , Moriwaki Atsushi , Yoshida Makoto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA 78‐year‐old Japanese woman with no smoking history suffered from near‐fatal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) requiring four‐week invasive mechanical ventilation, with subsequent radiological features of pulmonary fibrosis. Although methylprednisolone gradually improved her respiratory condition, her oxygenation and exercise tolerance had drastically deteriorated, necessitating high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy. In parallel with tapering systemic steroid, the patient was treated with nintedanib. Three months later, the patient was able to walk with a walking aid using oxygen at 4 L/min. The present case is an indication that nintedanib might provide a novel therapeutic approach for managing post‐COVID‐19 fibrosis, although further studies are warranted.
A comparison of how prostate volume obtained using transabominal ultrasound differs to volume obtained using transrectal ultrasound approach
Authors: Jardine Emma 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUltrasound is a widely used method for examination of the prostate. This retrospective study compared the prostate volume obtained using transabdominal (TA) ultrasound to the volume of transrectal (TRUS) ultrasound. Over a three year period 42 patients had the volume of the prostate measured using both TA and TRUS methods. Sixteen different sonographers performed the TA measurements and three radiologists the TRUS measurement. Sixty‐six percentage of TRUS and 78% of TA measurements were classed as grade 3 prostatomegaly according to the volume obtained. TA measurements were larger than the TRUS measurement in 57% of cases. The findings in this study suggest that TA and TRUS cannot be used interchangeably.
Back to the starting point: Revised typifications of Linnaean names based on Plumier's Nova plantarum Americanarum genera
Authors: Moroni Pablo , Martínez Agustina , Nadra María Gabriela , O'Leary Nataly 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe typification of 14 Linnaean names is revised. Previous lectotypifications based on Burman's illustrations in Plantarum Americanarum must be superseded since those elements were not available to Linnaeus before the publication of the first edition of Species plantarum. As a result, 12 Linnaean names, Bellonia aspera, Bucephalon racemosum, Columnea scandens, Cupania americana, Mentzelia aspera, Ovieda spinosa, Renealmia paniculata, Rondeletia americana, Thalia geniculata, Tillandsia serrata, Tournefortia hirsutissima and Tournefortia humilis, are hereby typified based on original material currently held at the Library of the Rijksuniversiteit in Groningen, the Netherlands, whereas a drawing included in Plumier's Nova plantarum Americanarum genera is selected as lectotype of the name Alpinia racemosa. In addition, supporting information about the type material of a name already typified by Robert Kiger (Samyda guidonia) is provided.