bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pupillometric recordings to detect glaucoma
Authors: Bhowmik Susmit , Arjunan Sridhar P , Sarossy Marc , Radcliffe PeterJones , Kumar Dinesh K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. Glaucoma is the second cause of vision loss with early diagnosis having significantly better prognosis. We propose the use of hippus, the steady-state pupil oscillations, obtained from an eye-tracker for computerised detection of glaucoma. Approach. Pupillary data were recorded using a commercial eye-tracker device directly to the laptop. A total of 40 glaucoma patients and 30 age-matched controls were recruited for the study. The signals were de-noised, and the entropy of the steady-state oscillations was obtained for two light intensities, 34 and 100 cd m−2. Main results. The results show that at 100 cd m−2, there was significant difference (p < 0.05) between the sample entropy of the healthy eyes (0.55 ± 0.017) and glaucoma eyes (0.7 ± 0.034). The results at 34 cd m−2 were also significantly different, though to a lesser extent. Significance. Entropy of the pupillary oscillations, or hippus, obtained using an eye-tracking device showed a significant difference between glaucoma and healthy eyes. The method used commercially available inexpensive hardware and thus has the potential for wide-scale deployment for computerized detection of glaucoma.
Impact of three-dimensional magnetic perturbations on turbulence in tokamak edge plasmas
Authors: Luce B , Tamain P , Ciraolo G , Ghendrih Ph , Giorgiani G , Serre E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The impact of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) on the plasma edge equilibrium and on the turbulence is investigated in a circular limited configuration. The study is based on a Braginski-based isothermal fluid model. The flow response of an unperturbed case to a small amplitude three-dimensional single mode RMP is studied and a scan in amplitude and poloidal and toroidal mode number is performed. Special attention is given when magnetic islands appear in the simulation domain on flux surfaces of rational safety factor. Results show an impact of magnetic perturbations (MPs) on both the plasma equilibrium and on the turbulence properties, with a deviation to the reference solution which depends on the MPs amplitude and on their wavenumbers. The impact of MPs on turbulence is however globally weaker than on the plasma equilibrium, suggesting a stabilizing effect of the MP on turbulent transport. Experimental trends are recovered such as the density pump-out and the increase of the radial electric field as well as the reorganization of the parallel velocity. The ballooning of the transport is modified under the effect of the perturbations, with a shift of the peaked poloidal region from the upper to the lower outer midplane. In the present model, the SOL width is observed decreasing in the presence of MPs. Turbulence properties are also impacted with the density fluctuations level decreasing in perturbed solutions and the intermittency is globally weakened.
Controlling: the composition of plasma-activated water by Cu ions
Authors: Kutasi Kinga , Krstulović Nikša , Jurov Andrea , Salamon Krešimir , Popović Dean , Milošević Slobodan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is demonstrated that Cu ions can be used to control the ageing of plasma-activated liquids through the Fenton-type reaction, which acts as a competitor to the

N
O

2

−

+ H2O2 + H+ → products reaction, and thus moderates the recombination of

N
O

2

−

ions. It is shown that the ageing dynamics is influenced by the type of Cu-ions source used, due to the different ion dissolution dynamics. Using CuNP-colloidal and copper acetate salt solutions, respectively, similar ageing dynamics can be achieved: the lifetime of

N
O

2

−

can be increased to 104 min comparing to 102 min obtained in plasma-activated water, while the H2O2 concentration decreases to about half of its initial value. While the treated salt solutions contain the degradation products of the salt compounds, the CuNPs can be filtered out from the plasma-activated colloid (PAC). It is shown that filtration does not influence the concentration of active species, while the ageing of the filtrated PAC depends on the moment of filtration, which determines the concentration of dissolved Cu ions. Using copper foil, the dissolved Cu-ion concentration can be controlled by removing the foil during ageing, and in this way the lifetime of species and the H2O2 concentration can be adjusted. The effect has been validated in the case of two different plasma sources: a surface-wave microwave discharge and a kHz plasma jet, which produce PALs with different

[

N
O

2

−

]

/

[

H

2

O

2

]

concentration ratio, which is the main governor of the ageing process.
Diffusion of confined fluids in microporous zeolites and clay materials
Authors: Mitra S , Sharma V K , Mukhopadhyay R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fluids exhibit remarkable variation in their structural and dynamic properties when they are confined at the nanoscopic scale. Various factors, including geometric restriction, the size and shape of the guest molecules, the topology of the host, and guest–host interactions, are responsible for the alterations in these properties. Due to their porous structures, aluminosilicates provide a suitable host system for studying the diffusion of sorbates in confinement. Zeolites and clays are two classes of the aluminosilicate family, comprising very ordered porous or layered structures. Zeolitic materials are important due to their high catalytic activity and molecular sieving properties. Guest molecules adsorbed by zeolites display many interesting features including unidimensional diffusion, non-isotropic rotation, preferred orientation and levitation effects, depending on the guest and host characteristics. These are useful for the separation of hydrocarbons which commonly exist as mixtures in nature. Similarly, clay materials have found application in catalysis, desalination, enhanced oil recovery, and isolation barriers used in radioactive waste disposal. It has been shown that the bonding interactions, level of hydration, interlayer spacing, and number of charge-balancing cations are the important factors that determine the nature of diffusion of water molecules in clays. Here, we present a review of the current status of the diffusion mechanisms of various adsorbed species in different microporous zeolites and clays, as investigated using quasielastic neutron scattering and classical molecular dynamics simulation techniques. It is impossible to write an exhaustive review of the subject matter, as it has been explored over several decades and involves many research topics. However, an effort is made to cover the relevant issues specific to the dynamics of different molecules in microporous zeolites and clay materials and to highlight a variety of interesting features that are important for both practical applications and fundamental aspects.
Generation of high-quality GeV-class electron beams utilizing attosecond ionization injection
Authors: Lécz Zsolt , Andreev Alexander , Kamperidis Christos , Hafz Nasr 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Acceleration of electrons in laser-driven plasma wakefields has been extended up to the 10 GeV energy within a distance of 10s of centimeters. However, in applications, requiring small energy spread within the electron bunch, only a small portion of the bunch can be used and often the low-energy electrons represent undesired background in the spectrum. We present a compact and tunable scheme providing clean and mono-energetic electron bunches with less than one percent energy spread and with central energy on the GeV level. It is a two-step process consisting of ionization injection with attosecond pulses and acceleration in a capillary plasma wave-guide. Semi-analytical theory and particle-in-cell simulations are used to accurately model the injection and acceleration steps.
n-dimensional PDM-damped harmonic oscillators: linearizability, and exact solvability
Authors: Mustafa Omar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We consider position-dependent mass (PDM) Lagrangians/Hamiltonians in their standard textbook form, where the long-standing gain-loss balance between the kinetic and potential energies is kept intact to allow conservation of total energy (i.e.,

L
=
T
−
V

,

H
=
T
+
V

, and

dH

/

dt
=
dE

/

dt
=
0

). Under such standard settings, we discuss and report on n-dimensional PDM damped harmonic oscillators (DHO). We use some n-dimensional point canonical transformation to facilitate the linearizability of their n-PDM dynamical equations into some n-linear DHOs’ dynamical equations for constant mass setting. Consequently, the well know exact solutions for the linear DHOs are mapped, with ease, onto the exact solutions for PDM DHOs. A set of one-dimensional and a set of n-dimensional PDM-DHO illustrative examples are reported along with their phase-space trajectories.
On preheating in Higgs inflation
Authors: Hamada Yuta , Kawana Kiyoharu , Scherlis Adam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recently, the problem of unitarity violation during the preheating stage of Higgs inflation with a large non-minimal coupling has been much discussed in the literature.

We point out that this problem can be translated into a strong coupling problem for the dimensionless effective coupling, and that the existence of these problems is highly dependent on the choice of higher-dimensional operators because they can significantly change the background dynamics and the canonical normalization of the fluctuations around it.

Correspondingly, the typical energy of particles produced during the first stage of preheating can remain comparable to or below the cutoff scale of the theory.
As an example, we numerically calculate the particle production in the presence of a specific four-derivative operator of the Higgs field, and confirm the statement above.

Our argument also applies to multi-field inflation with non-minimal couplings.
The cosmic neutrino background as a collection of fluids in large-scale structure simulations
Authors: Chen Joe Zhiyu , Upadhye Amol , Wong Yvonne Y.Y. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A significant challenge for modelling the massive neutrino as a hot dark matter is its large velocity dispersion. In this work, we investigate and implement a multi-fluid perturbation theory that treats the cosmic neutrino population as a collection of fluids with a broad range of bulk velocities. These fluids respond linearly to the clustering of cold matter, which may be linear and described by standard linear perturbation theory, or non-linear, described using either higher-order perturbation theory or N-body simulations. We verify that such an alternative treatment of neutrino perturbations agrees closely with state-of-the-art neutrino linear response calculations in terms of power spectrum and bispectrum predictions. Combining multi-fluid neutrino linear response with a non-linear calculation for the cold matter clustering, we find for a reference νΛCDM cosmology with neutrino mass sum ∑ m
ν = 0.93 eV an enhancement of the small-scale neutrino power by an order of magnitude relative to a purely linear calculation.
The corresponding clustering enhancement in the cold matter, however, is a modest ∼ 0.05%. Importantly, our multi-fluid approach uniquely enables us to identify that the slowest-moving 25% of the neutrino population clusters strongly enough to warrant a non-linear treatment. Such a precise calculation of neutrino clustering on small scales accompanied by fine-grained velocity information would be invaluable for experiments such as PTOLEMY that probe the local neutrino density and velocity in the solar neighbourhood.
The first photometric investigations of the G-type shallow contact binary IO Cnc
Authors: Liao Wen-Ping , Li Lin-Jia , Zhou Xiao , Wang Qi-Shan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIO Cnc was classified to be a new G-type (G0) W UMa-type eclipsing binary system. Our first multicolor photometric solutions show that IO Cnc is a new W-subtype shallow contact binary with a fill-out factor off= 16.1% and a low mass ratio ofq= 3.12 (or 1/q= 0.32). During orbital period investigations, a cyclic variation and a downward parabolic variation with a rate of (−1.28 ± 0.43) × 10−7d yr−1was discovered in the observed–calculated (O−C) curve. The cyclic variation was analyzed by the light travel time effect (LTTE) via a potential red dwarf companion star, an orbital semi-major axis shorter than 4.88 ± 0.82 AU was obtained. Finally, we collect physical parameters of a sample of 50 G-type shallow contact binaries (f≤ 20%), it is suggested that most of the G-type shallow contact binaries are undergoing a long-term and periodic orbital period changes, especially more systems show long-term decreases. The long-term orbital period decrease indicates that IO Cnc is in a mass transferring from the more massive component to the less massive one. With the long-term decrease of the orbital period, this shallow contact binary will evolve into a deeper contact one.
Interacting system NGC 7805/6 (Arp 112) and its tidal dwarf galaxy candidate
Authors: Fu Zhen-Xing , Sengupta Chandreyee , Sethuram Ramya , Pradhan Bikram , Singh Mridweeka , Misra Kuntal , Scott Tom. C. , Ma Yin-Zhe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present results from our Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) Hi, Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) Hα, 1 m Sampurnanand Telescope (ST) and 1.3 m Devasthal Fast Optical Telescope (DFOT) deep optical observations of the NGC 7805/6 (Arp 112) system to test KUG 2359+311’s tidal dwarf galaxy (TDG) candidacy and explore the properties of the interacting system. Our GMRT H I map shows no H I detection associated with KUG 2359+311, nor any H I tail or bridge-like structure connecting KUG 2359+311 to the NGC 7805/6 system. Our HCT Hα image, on the other hand, displays strong detections in KUG 2359+311, with net SFR ∼ 0.035 ± 0.009 M
⊙ yr−1. The Hα data constrain the redshift of KUG 2359+311 to 0.00 ≤ z ≤ 0.043, compared to the redshift of NGC 7806 of ∼ 0.015. TDGs detected to date have all been H i rich, and displayed H i, ionised gas and stellar tidal debris trails (bridges or tails) linking them to their parent systems. However, neither our H i data nor our optical imaging, while three magnitudes deeper than SDSS, reveals a tidal trail connecting KUG 2359+311 to NGC 7805/6. Lack of H i, presence of an old stellar population, ongoing star formation and reasonably high SFR compared to normal dwarf galaxies suggest that KUG 2359+311 may not be an Arp 112 TDG. It is most likely a case of a regular gas-rich dwarf galaxy undergoing a morphological transformation after having lost its entire gas content to an interaction with the Arp 112 system. Redshift and metallicity from future spectroscopic observations of KUG 2359+311 would help clarify the nature of this enigmatic structure.
An approximately analytical solution method for the cable-driven parallel robot in FAST
Authors: Yin Jia-Ning , Jiang Peng , Yao Rui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) is the largest single-dish aperture telescope with a cable-driven parallel robot introduced to achieve the highest sensitivity in the world. However, to realize the high-precision, mechanical equations of such a robot are always complicated, so that it is difficult to achieve real-time control by the traditional iterative method. In this regard, this paper proposes an approximately analytical solution method, which uses the approximately linear relationship between the main parameters of FAST to bypass some iterations. With the coefficients of the relationship extracted, static or quasi-static mechanical equations can be analytically solved. In this paper’s example, this method saves at least 90% of the calculating time and the calculated values are consistent with the experimental data. With such huge efficiency improvements, real-time and high-precision control of the FAST will no longer be difficult work. Besides, all the work in this paper is expected to be used in the FAST.
Algorithm for extracting intersections in PPV space of filaments
Authors: Zhang Chao , Ren Zhi-Yuan , Wang Chen , Wu Jing-Wen , Ma Xiao-Yun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A filament is an important structure for studying star formation, especially intersections of filaments which are believed to be more dense than other regions. Identifying filament intersections is the first step in studying them. Current methods can only extract two-dimensional intersections without considering the velocity dimension. In this paper, we propose a method to identify three-dimensional (3D) intersections by combining Harris Corner Detection and Hough Line Transform, which achieve a precision of 98%. We apply this method for extracting intersection structures of the OMC-2/3 molecular cloud and to study its physical properties and obtain the associated PDF distribution. Results show denser gas is concentrated in those 3D intersections.
Low-dimensional materials for photovoltaic application
Authors: Kondrotas Rokas , Chen Chao , Liu XinXing , Yang Bo , Tang Jiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The photovoltaic (PV) market is currently dominated by silicon based solar cells. However technological diversification is essential to promote competition, which is the driving force for technological growth. Historically, the choice of PV materials has been limited to the three-dimensional (3D) compounds with a high crystal symmetry and direct band gap. However, to meet the strict demands for sustainable PV applications, material space has been expanded beyond 3D compounds. In this perspective we discuss the potential of low-dimensional materials (2D, 1D) for application in PVs. We present unique features of low-dimensional materials in context of their suitability in the solar cells. The band gap, absorption, carrier dynamics, mobility, defects, surface states and growth kinetics are discussed and compared to 3D counterparts, providing a comprehensive view of prospects of low-dimensional materials. Structural dimensionality leads to a highly anisotropic carrier transport, complex defect chemistry and peculiar growth dynamics. By providing fundamental insights into these challenges we aim to deepen the understanding of low-dimensional materials and expand the scope of their application. Finally, we discuss the current research status and development trend of solar cell devices made of low-dimensional materials.
Impact of brain shift on neural pathways in deep brain stimulation: a preliminary analysis via multi-physics finite element models
Authors: Luo Ma , Narasimhan Saramati , Larson Paul S , Martin Alastair J , Konrad Peter E , Miga Michael I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. The effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS) depends on electrode placement accuracy, which can be compromised by brain shift during surgery. While there have been efforts in assessing the impact of electrode misplacement due to brain shift using preop- and postop-imaging data, such analysis using preop- and intraop-imaging data via biophysical modeling has not been conducted. This work presents a preliminary study that applies a multi-physics analysis framework using finite element biomechanical and bioelectric models to examine the impact of realistic intraoperative shift on neural pathways determined by tractography. Approach. The study examined six patients who had undergone interventional magnetic resonance-guided DBS surgery. The modeling framework utilized a biomechanical approach to update preoperative MR to reflect shift-induced anatomical changes. Using this anatomically deformed image and its undeformed counterpart, bioelectric effects from shifting electrode leads could be simulated and neural activation differences were approximated. Specifically, for each configuration, volume of tissue activation was computed and subsequently used for tractography estimation. Total tract volume and overlapping volume with motor regions as well as connectivity profile were compared. In addition, volumetric overlap between different fiber bundles among configurations was computed and correlated to estimated shift. Main results. The study found deformation-induced differences in tract volume, motor region overlap, and connectivity behavior, suggesting the impact of shift. There is a strong correlation (R = −0.83) between shift from intended target and intended neural pathway recruitment, where at threshold of ∼2.94 mm, intended recruitment completely degrades. The determined threshold is consistent with and provides quantitative support to prior observations and literature that deviations of 2–3 mm are detrimental. Significance. The findings support and advance prior studies and understanding to illustrate the need to account for shift in DBS and the potentiality of computational modeling for estimating influence of shift on neural activation.
The role of edge plasma parameters in H-mode density limit on the JET-ILW
Authors: Sun H.J. , Goldston R.J. , Huber A. , Xu X.Q. , Flanagan J. , McDonald D.C. , de la Luna E. , Maslov M. , Harrison J.R. , Militello F. , Fessey J. , Cramp S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A study of a dataset of JET H-mode plasma with the Be/W ITER-like wall (JET-ILW) shows that reaching the edge MHD ballooning limit leads to confinement degradation. However, unlike JET plasmas with a carbon wall (JET-C), the JET-ILW plasmas stay in a marginal dithering phase for a relatively long period, associated with a higher (≈20%) H-mode density limit (HDL) than JET-C equivalents. This suggests that ITER could be operated in H-mode with higher density than the scaling based on carbon wall devices, but likely with a dithering phase plasma with lower confinement. A new, reliable estimator for JET E
r, min has been derived by combining HRTS measurements of pedestal gradient and edge-SOL decay lengths. JET radial E
r ETB wells are observed in the range of −15 to −60 kV m−1 in high performance H-modes, consistent with previous CXRS results in ASDEX Upgrade. The results imply that a higher positive E × B shear in the near SOL plays a role in sustaining a marginal phase in JET-ILW which leads to a higher HDL than that in JET-C. The results of the JET-ILW dataset show agreement with the Goldston finite collisionality HD model for SOL broadening at high collisionality. A hypothesis for the dithering H-mode phase is proposed: as n
e,SOL increases, ν
∗,SOL increases, SOL broadens, E
r shear decreases, triggers L-mode; n
e drops, ν
∗,SOL decreases, SOL becomes narrower, and E
r shear increases, triggering H-mode, resulting in a cycle of H–L–H- oscillations. For burning plasma devices, such as ITER, operating just below the MHD limit for the dithering phase could be a promising regime for maximising core density, and fusion performance while minimising plasma-material interaction. The oscillatory signal during the dithering phase could be used as a precursor of undesirable plasma performance for control purposes.