bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycoplasma as one of causal factors of exacerbation of community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Shirinova F. V. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. To improve the effectiveness of treatment in exacerbation of community-acquired pneumonia among military recruits with chronic inflammatory respiratory tract processes.
Materials and methods. The study included the data from 266 medical histories of military recruits aged 18-26, who had community-acquired pneumonia confirmed clinically and X-ray, as well as concomitant chronic respiratory diseases and a spectrum of isolated microorganisms in the sputum. When pneumonia worsened in patients who were admitted to the hospital, the level of blood serum antibodies to M. hominis was measured.
Results. The study results showed that in military recruits, suffering from community-acquired pneumonia with concomitant chronic respiratory diseases, in case of undetected microorganisms in the sputum, the measurement of blood serum IgM antibodies to Mycoplasma hominis has a clinical value.
Conclusions. Mycoplasma hominis occupies a special place in the etiological structure of pathology among patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
Practical significance of remote functional diagnosis methods in system of “Russian railways – medicine” of Sverdlovsk railway
Authors: Yui N. D. , Malyutina N. N. , Chernikova D. A. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. To estimate the efficiency of using remote technologies and provision of unique service of functional diagnosis in the framework of corporative system of the net of medical institutions, territorially distant from each other.
Nowadays, a wide introduction of IT-technologies in medicine has a perspective and priority significance in conditions of unfavorable epidemiological situation including sickness rate of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19.
Materials and methods. The efficiency of remote methods was analyzed and assessed using the results of studies among the workers of RZhD and contractual enterprises.
Results. Remote consultations permit to increase the number of applied methods of investigation, give the opportunity to obtain qualified conclusions, consolidate information in general database allowing to fill up medical staff deficiency.
Conclusions. Thus, patients obtain operatively made unified medical conclusions, which are transferred via defended channels of Internet.
Personal features and functional state of organism in railway power dispatchers
Authors: Serikov V. V. , Rubtsov M. Yu. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. The work of railway power dispatchers requires high professionalism. Criteria of successful work are health status, level of psychoemotional tension and adaptability, situational functional status. Assessment of significance in providing professional capacity for work and determination of personal psychological characteristics is of special interest.
The aim was to analyze the functional state of an organism and personal psychological parameters in railway power dispatchers so as to determine the possibility of their use as criteria for evaluating stress tolerance and capacity for work including gender features.
Materials and methods. The studies on express diagnosis of functional state and individual psychological testing using the method of Cettells sixteen-factor personality questionnaire were implemented among 59 power dispatchers (36 men and 23 women; mean age 40.17 1.37years, record of service 13.4 1.3 years)
Results. Express testing of functional state showed the presence of chronic fatigue, distress state and other unfavorable changes in the functional state. Statistically significant differences among the errors while implementing the task by men and women (p 0.05) demonstrate the deeper manifestations of professional stress in women power dispatchers. The obtained data regarding psychological characteristics of power dispatchers mainly satisfy the requirements for implementation of their duties including the tension of labor of class 3.2 regarding communicative and intellectual properties as well, but there was detected the risk for changed emotional and regulatory properties of a person connected, probably, with fatigue and overfatigue as manifestations of professional stress that can cause reduction of the capacity for work.
Conclusions. There was demonstrated an adequacy of using the methods for assessment of functional state and psychological parameters of a person as additional criteria for estimation of stress tolerance and capacity for work including gender features.
Azolla (Caroliniana): An Aquatic Energy Crop for Remediation of Eutrophic Ecosystems with Prospect of Biofuel Production in Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar Kamrun 
Published: January 2021

The Phytoremediation ability of aquatic macrophyte, Azolla as potential biomass, to improve the quality of eutrophic lakes and river water of Bangladesh at lab scale were studied to remove organics, solutes and improving the physicochemical properties of water including pH, DO, EC, TDS, Turbidity and NaCl concentration. In the different eutrophic water, a 100% survival rate of the species was observed. The extensive root system of the phytoremediator improves water quality after one week as determined by a marked decrease in Turbidity, TDS, EC & Nacl and increased in DO and pH. DO content served as a useful indicator of water quality and increased manifolds over 7 days (one week) of treatment. The capability of the plant in removing pollutants and improving water quality was established from the study. After phytoremediation activities, the discarded energy crop biomass could be used to produce green energy because of its high growth potential.
CUIDADO AO PRÉ-NATAL SEGUNDO INDICADORES DO PROGRAMA DE HUMANIZAÇÃO DO PRÉ-NATAL E NASCIMENTO
Authors: Alves da Silva Débora 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a assistência de enfermagem no pré-natal segundo os indicadores do Programa de Humanização do Pré-Natal e Nascimento. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, desenvolvida através da base de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online, em publicações indexadas no período de 2010 a 2015. Resultados: Notou-se que a assistência de enfermagem no cuidado pré-natal enfrenta uma realidade diferente do preconizado pelo Programa de Humanização no Pré-Natal e Nascimento, envolvendo vários fatores que dificultam essa assistência, entre eles o despreparo dos profissionais, divergências entre médico e enfermeiro, dificuldades na captação precoce da gestante, avaliação do risco gestacional, divergências no registro de fichas importantes para o acompanhamento da gestante, entre outros. Conclusão:A capacitação do profissional de enfermagem, tendo como base os princípios do Programa de Humanização no Pré-Natal e Nascimento, torna-se fundamental para uma assistência pré-natal efetiva, humanizada e de qualidade, contribuindo assim para a redução da morbimortalidade materna e perinatal. Descritores: Cuidado Pré-Natal. Parto Humanizado. Enfermagem. Programa Saúde da Família. Assistência Pré-natal.
The Use of Herbal Remedies Among Breastfeeding Mothers: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Women Visiting Public Health Facilities in Kingston and St. Andrew, Jamaica
Authors: Udoudo Deborah Adedire , Pitter Cynthia , Agu Chinwendu Felicia 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUNDThe use of herbal remedies is increasing among Jamaican women especially during pregnancy and breastfeeding even though there is no sufficient evidence on the safety of herbal remedies used during breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, commonly used herbal remedies and factors contributing to the use of herbal remedies among breastfeeding women. This research was guided by the Health Belief Model.METHODSA quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured and validated questionnaire. A consecutive sampling was used to achieve a sample size of 240 breastfeeding mothers across three Health Centers. Ethical considerations were followed. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0.RESULTSThere was a 100% response rate with 56% of respondents who used herbal remedies while breastfeeding. Additionally, 43% chose garlic as their preferred herbal remedy while 16% used fever grass and 18% preferred ginger as their commonly used herb. The analysis revealed that 58% of the respondents used herbal remedies as supplements. It was also found that 13% used herbs to increase their breast milk supply while 12.9% used herbal remedies to treat illnesses. In addition, 10% used herbal remedies to prevent illness and 7% used herbal remedies for other reasons.CONCLUSIONThe use of herbal remedies is prevalent among breastfeeding women in public health facilities in Jamaica. Although few respondents use herbal remedies to promote lactation, most women use herbs for various reasons other than to increase their breast milk supply.
Perceived Career Impacts From Specialized Instruction in Cognitive Disabilities: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Grenawalt Teresa Ann , Degeneffe Charles Edmund , Kesselmayer Rachel Friefeld 
Published: January 2021

PurposeFocused instruction in cognitive disabilities addresses a need for training with populations growing in prevalence and public awareness in the United States. This is especially relevant in rehabilitation counseling given the poor employment outcomes found among persons with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, specific learning disability, and acquired brain injury. This study focused on the perceived career impacts of participation in a Cognitive Disabilities Certificate (CDC) specialization program.MethodA total of 33 graduates of a CDC program were asked to reflect on the career impacts of their specialized training in cognitive disabilities. Results were examined through phenomenological qualitative data analysis.ResultsFindings suggest participants had specific motivations for joining the CDC. Participants were able to achieve the goals set forth when applying such as skill development and expanding career options. Participants were able to achieve career outcomes they directly attributed to their CDC training.ConclusionsProviding students with an opportunity to specialize in an area of professional and personal interest not only enhanced their rehabilitation counseling training, it benefited their careers and clients. Implications for rehabilitation counselor education are discussed.
Hücre İçi Sinyal Yolaklarını Hedefleyen Kemoterapötik Ajanlar
Authors: MUTLUAY Sevgi Uğur , KOZACI Leyla Didem 
Published: January 2021

Kanser tedavisinde, konvansiyonel kemoterapötikler 1940’lı yıllardan beri klinikte kullanılmaktadırlar. Etkililikleri uzun yıllardır kanıtlanmış olsa da seçicilik sorunu ve ciddi yan etkilere yol açmaları bu ajanların kullanımını kısıtlar. Mevcut tedavilerin dezavantajları ve yeni anti-kanser ilaçlarına olan ihtiyaç araştırmaların bu yöne kaymasına neden olmuştur. Son 20 yılda kanserinmoleküler mekanizmalarının da aydınlatılması ile yeni ilaçlar için hedef olabilecek proteinler tanımlanmıştır. Bu hedeflerden başlıcaları PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, Ubikitin-Proteazom ve Hedgehog yolaklarıdır. Bu yolakların ve efektörlerinin birçok kanser tipinde rolü olduğu gösterilmiştir. Hücre içi sinyal mekanizmalarında görev alan ve bu yolaklarla ilişkili bulunan proteinkinazlar üzerlerinde en çok çalışma yapılan moleküllerdir. Tirozin ve serin/treonin kinazlara özgü birçok inhibitör molekül ve/veya monoklonal antikor geliştirilmiş ve kullanıma sunulmuştur. Yaklaşık 20 alt sınıftan oluşan reseptör tirozin kinazların (RTK) birçok üyesinin kanserle ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu bağlamda öne çıkan RTK’lar; EGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, FLT3 ve ALK olarak sıralanabilir. Diğer protein kinazlardan Src, BTK, CDK ve AMPK’nın kanser gelişimi ile ilgili kritik süreçlere aracılık ettiği bildirilmiştir. Bu hedeflerin yanısıra potansiyel moleküler hedefler ve bu hedeflere yönelik kemoterapötik ajanlar da belirlenmiştir. NOTCH, JAK-STAT, Nükleer Faktör Kappa B, Wnt/ ß-Catenin yolaklarını, İnsülin, FGF, HGF, GSK-3 reseptörlerini, Protein Kinaz C, Aurora Kinaz ve Hsp90 aktivitesini inhibe etmeye yönelik geliştirilen birçok molekül klinik çalışma aşamasındadır.
Theoretical and Conceptual Reflection Regarding Corporate Criminal Responsibilities Influencing the Formulation of Laws
Authors: Rahmadia Fitriani 
Published: January 2021

In Indonesia, the development of the corporation as the subject to criminal acts takes place outside the Criminal Code, regulated in special legislation. While the Criminal Code itself still adheres to the subject of criminal acts in the form of people, the corporation (juridical person) appears as a subject that can commit a crime and should also be accountable in criminal law. However, this condition has not been realized concretely in our Criminal Code. The formulation policy regarding corporate criminal liability for victims of corporate crime that exists or is currently in force has not been able to realize the corporate criminal liability. Although there are sanctions that can be imposed on corporations, most of these provisions only protect potential victims and are not responsible for actual or real victims. In other words, the current formulation policy has not been able to ensnare and impose criminal sanctions on corporations who commit crimes, especially criminal sanctions which are oriented to the fulfillment or restoration of victims' rights in the form of compensation payments after the crime. This paper will discuss the position and the responsibility of the corporation as a subject of criminal law in Indonesia and analyze policy formulation of the Criminal Code and the draft of the Criminal Code that related to corporate responsibility as a legal subject.
Keywords: Corporate Criminal Responsibilities, Criminal Law, Corporate Responsibility.
An Evaluation of Burnout Among Foundation Doctors in Malta
Authors: Grech Marco 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPostgraduate medical trainees are at an increased risk of burnout. Burnout has been defined as “a psychological condition of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment occurring in people persistently exposed to emotional and interpersonal stressors at work”. It can arise either from within the individual, from the medical profession itself or from healthcare organisations. Burnout is associated with mental health issues in trainees, impaired work performance and suboptimal patient outcomes.MethodsA cross-sectional observational study of three cohorts of the Malta Foundation Programme was conducted using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) to evaluate incidence of personal-, work-related and client related burnout. The cohorts were at 3-months, 1-year and 2-years of training respectively. The CBI was administered via Google Forms after ethical clearance. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric comparative statistics were used to analyse the results through SPSS v25.0.ResultsA global response rate of 26.5% was achieved. CBI and its sub scales showed good internal validity. High scores for burnout in all three scales were identified except for client-related burnout in First Year doctors. Burnout peaked midway through the 2-year period. High numbers reported “feeling “tired” and “physically exhausted”. Males reported more burnout than females.ConclusionThe high level of burnout so early in the career of Maltese postgraduate medical trainees is of concern. More studies are needed on the causality of this burnout and what factors are associated with burnout in this population.
Mortality Rate Due to Pulmonary Fibrosis Associated with Sars-Cov-2 Infection: Scope of Best Fit Regression
Authors: DATTA JAYDIP 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this article mortality rate ( 1) due to pulmonary fibrosis ( 2,3 )associated with SARS-COV-2 ( 4,5 ) is analysed at the early stage of Covid19 infection globally with effect from 21St January to 28th April, 2020 ( 6 ).Pulmonary fibrosis may be considered as one of the major cause of death due to severe acute respiratory syndrome ( SARS-COV-2 )(5) infection . The mortality percentage data(5) within a total ninety eight days are analysed by best fit regression(7) like Polynomial – Morgan Morgan Finney ( MMF ) (7, 8,9 )- Harris model are analysed in detail to compare the scope of best fit with two prime epidemiological parameters like mortality percentage (6) vs duration in days with regular interval of seven days . The entire statistical analysis is computationally analysed by a standard coding of data analysis (11).
Body Mass Index or Waist-Hip Ratio, Which Correlated With Arterial Stiffness Based on Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Chinese Rural Adults With Hypertension?
Authors: Hu Feng , Yu Rihua , Han Fengyu , Li Juan , Zhou Wei , Wang Tao , Zhu Lingjuan , Huang Xiao , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association betweenbody mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and arterial stiffness (AS) based on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in Chinese rural adults with hypertension.Methods: In this analysis, selected 5,049 Chinese rural adults with hypertension were divided into three groups according to BMI ( <24 kg/m2, control; 24‐28 kg/m2, overweight; and ≥28 kg/m2, obesity), WHR ≥0.9 for male and ≥0.85 for female was defined as central obesity, while baPWV ≥18.0 m/s was considered as increased AS. Multivariate analysis was used to examine the association between BMI, WHR (central obesity) and AS based on baPWV in different models. Furthermore, the generalized additive model and smooth curve fitting was used to visually show the relationship between BMI or WHR with baPWV. Finally, to ensure the robustness between BMI group or central obesity with increased AS, we also did the subgroup analyses that were performed using stratified multivariate regression and interaction analyses and presented in tabulated form or forest plot.Results: The prevalence of overweight, general obesity, central obesity and increased AS were 32.62%, 8.58%, 63.85% and 44.01%, respectively. In comparsion with control group, there are a statistically significant lower prevalence of increased AS in population with overweight or general obesity (adjusted-OR: 0.78, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.92, P <0.001; adjusted-OR: 0.54, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.72, P <0.001, respectively; P for trend <0.001). Whereby in comparsion with non-central obesity group, there are an statistically significant higher prevalence of increased AS in population with central obesity (adjusted-OR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.83, P <0.001). The multivariate analyses indicated that BMI was negatively associated with baPWV (adjusted-β per SD increase: -0.49, 95% CI -0.60 to -0.38, P <0.001). In comparsion with control group, there are an statistically significant inversely relationship between BMI and baPWV in population with overweight or general obesity (adjusted-β: -0.55, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.35, P <0.001; adjusted-β: -1.00, 95% CI -1.32 to -0.67, P <0.001, respectively; P for trend <0.001). On the contrary, WHR was positively associated with baPWV (adjusted-β per SD increase: 0.27, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.38, P <0.001). In comparsion with non-central obesity group, there are a statistically significant positively relationship between WHR and baPWV in population with central obesity (adjusted-β: 0.55, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.75, P <0.001).Conclusion: We found that there was an inversely relationship between BMI and baPWV or increased AS, whereas WHR or central obesity is positively associated with baPWV and increased AS in Chinese rural adults with hypertension.
Associations of LRP5 and MTHFR Gene Variants With Osteoarthritis Prevalence in General Elderly Women: A Japanese Cohort Survey Randomly Sampled From a Basic Resident Registry
Authors: Nakano Masaki , Yui Haruka , Kikugawa Shingo , Tokida Ryosuke , Sakai Noriko , Kondo Naoki , Endo Naoto , Haro Hirotaka , Shimodaira Hiroki , Suzuki Takako , Kato Hiroyuki , Takahashi Jun , Nakamura Yukio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and degenerative joint disorder in the elderly. A greater importance of understanding the relationship between genetic factors and OA prevalence has emerged with population aging. We therefore investigated the associations of several bone disease-related genetic variants with the prevalence of OA and osteoporosis in Japanese elderly women from the Obuse study cohort, which was randomly sampled from a basic town resident registry. In total, 206 female participants (mean ± standard deviation age: 69.7 ± 11.0 years) who completed OA, bone mineral density, and genotype assessments were included. The number of patients diagnosed as having knee/hip OA and osteoporosis was 59 (28.6%) and 30 (14.6%), respectively. Fisher's exact testing revealed significant relationships between the minor T allele of LDL receptor related protein 5 (LRP5) rs3736228 and the prevalences of knee/hip OA and osteoporosis. The respective odds ratios (ORs) of the TT genotype for knee/hip OA and osteoporosis were 7.28 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.22–28.08) and 5.24 (95% CI 0.95–26.98). An additional subgroup analysis for knee OA revealed that the frequency of the common C allele of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801133 had a statistically significant protective association with the prevalence of knee OA (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35–0.97). In sum, the present study demonstrated significant associations of LRP5 rs3736228 and MTHFR rs1801133 with knee/hip OA and osteoporosis prevalences and knee OA prevalence, respectively, in Japanese elderly women. These results will help further the understanding of OA pathogenesis and related genetic risk factors.