bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology of male reproductive organs of the rice field crab Esanthelphusa nani (Naiyanetr, 1984) (Brachyura, Gecarcinucidae)
Authors: Maneein Rachata , Claude Julien , Kitana Jirarach , Kitana Noppadon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The rice field crab is considered a pest that disrupts rice production in paddy fields in tropical regions. The crab is also used as a stable food source by local people in many countries in Southeast Asia. For both of these roles, a good knowledge of the crab’s reproductive biology is necessary to manage populations in their natural habitats. This study aims to investigate the reproductive cycle of adult males of the rice field crab Esanthelphusa nani (Naiyanetr, 1984). Males crabs were sampled monthly in a paddy field; individuals were then anaesthetized and dissected, and their reproductive tract was analysed. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) was evaluated based on the relative weight of the reproductive tract and body weight. The male GSI showed significant temporal difference, with the highest levels in June, August and September. Based on GSI and macroscopic examination, the testis and vas deferens can be classified into three stages of increasing size: (1) resting stage, (2) developing stage and (3) active stage. Microscopic examination revealed that the testis and vas deferens had a tubular structure. Seminiferous tubules in the testis underwent spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis at every stage. The vas deferens consisted of three major regions: anterior, middle and posterior, which showed different types of epithelia. Interestingly, the microscopic structure of the vas deferens was similar among these three reproductive stages. It is also important to note that round-shaped spermatozoa were found in different parts of the reproductive tract, including the seminiferous tubule and vas deferens, as well as in the female seminal receptacle, whereas no spermatophores were found in this species. Overall, this study shows that mature sperms can be found in the reproductive tract of male E. nani throughout the year, indicating that males have prolonged spermatogenic activities.
Effect of methyl farnesoate and farnesoic acid during 5th zoea and megalopa metamorphosis in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain Estampador, 1950 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae)
Authors: Zhao Ming , Zhang Fengying , Wang Wei , Liu Zhiqiang , Ma Lingbo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The mud crab Scylla paramamosain is one of the economically important aquaculture species in China. The larval development of the mud crab is characterized by two significant morphological changes, from the 5th zoea (Z5) to the megalopa (M) stage and from the M to the first juvenile crab (C1) stage. In this study, we found that methyl farnesoate (MF) could prohibit the Z5 to M metamorphosis in a concentration-dependent manner, and that a concentration of 10 μM MF could completely prohibit the Z5 metamorphosis. Farnesoic acid (FA) could also prohibit the Z5 metamorphosis, but its effects seemed to be concentration-independent. In addition, MF could delay rather than prohibit the M to C1 metamorphosis, while FA had no effect on the M to C1 metamorphosis at all. To summarize, it is hypothesized that either absence of MF and FA, or at least very low levels of these substances, might be necessary for a successful Z5 to M metamorphosis.
Salishbaena kootenai n. g., n. sp., a remarkable new form of thermosbaenacean (Peracarida, Thermosbaenacea, Halosbaenidae) from Montana, U.S.A.
Authors: Wagner H. P. , Reid B. L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A new representative of the Thermosbaenacea, Salishbaena kootenai n. g., n. sp., is described. Based on its specific characteristics and the complexly build maxilla 2, it clearly belongs to the family Halosbaenidae and morphologically seems closest to the European genus Limnosbaena, rather than to the other genera within this family. Updated keys for the identification of the families and genera within the Thermosbaenacea are provided. Given the significant range extension and unusual geologic and biogeographic context that this new record represents within the order Thermosbaenacea, brief observations on habitat and biogeography are included as well.
Ianos—A Hurricane in the Mediterranean
Authors: Lagouvardos K. , Karagiannidis A. , Dafis S. , Kalimeris A. , Kotroni V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
During 15–21 September 2020, an intense medicane, named Ianos, formed over the warm Mediterranean Sea. Following a path of approximately 1,900 km, Medicane Ianos affected Greece resulting in four casualties and devastating damage in the western and central parts of Greece. Persistent gale force 1-min winds up to 44 m s−1 and wind gusts up to 54 m s−1 were recorded in Cephalonia Island (Ionian Sea), while record-breaking amounts of accumulated rainfall have been recorded in several Ionian islands, as well as in parts of central Greece. Analysis of the available observations showed that Ianos was the most intense medicane ever recorded in the Mediterranean. This paper aims at investigating the genesis and evolution of the medicane, based on in situ observations, satellite measurements, and model analyses. Toward that objective, Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) SEVIRI imagery, combined with lightning data permitted to follow the evolution of convective activity during the various phases of Ianos. This investigation is complemented with upper-air model analyses in order to evaluate the synoptic environment within which Ianos had formed and was sustained over 7 days. Finally, the Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory (GPM CO) satellite overpasses over Medicane Ianos provided invaluable information about its 3D structure, especially during its most intense phase.
Risk Factors for Aspiration Pneumonia After Receiving Liquid‐Thickening Recommendations
Authors: Masuda Hiroaki , Ueha Rumi , Sato Taku , Goto Takao , Koyama Misaki , Yamauchi Akihito , Kaneoka Asako , Suzuki Sayaka , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveWe examined the influence of liquid thickness levels on the frequency of liquid penetration‐aspiration in patients with dysphagia and evaluated the clinical risk factors for penetration‐aspiration and aspiration pneumonia development.Study DesignA case series.SettingSingle‐institution academic center.MethodsWe reviewed medical charts from 2018 to 2019. First, we evaluated whether liquid thickness levels influence the frequency of liquid penetration‐aspiration in patients with dysphagia. Penetration‐aspiration occurrence in a videofluoroscopic swallowing study was defined as Penetration‐Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores ≥3. Second, the association between liquid thickness level and penetration‐aspiration was analyzed, and clinical risk factors were identified. Moreover, clinical risk factors for aspiration pneumonia development within 6 months were investigated.ResultsOf 483 patients, 159 showed penetration‐aspiration. The thickening of liquids significantly decreased the incidence of penetration‐aspiration (P <. 001). Clinical risk factors for penetration‐aspiration were vocal fold paralysis (odds ratio [OR], 1.99), impaired laryngeal sensation (OR, 5.01), and a history of pneumonia (OR, 2.90). Twenty‐three patients developed aspiration pneumonia while undertaking advised dietary changes, including liquid thickening. Significant risk factors for aspiration pneumonia development were poor performance status (OR, 1.85), PAS score ≥3 (OR, 4.03), and a history of aspiration pneumonia (OR, 7.00).ConclusionThickening of liquids can reduce the incidence of penetration‐aspiration. Vocal fold paralysis, impaired laryngeal sensation, and history of aspiration pneumonia are significant risk factors of penetration‐aspiration. Poor performance status, PAS score ≥3, and history of aspiration pneumonia are significantly associated with aspiration pneumonia development following recommendations on thickening liquids.Level of Evidence3.
The influence of endogenous and exogenous hormonal factors on migraine in spontaneous postmenopausal women: A nationwide population-based study in South Korea
Authors: Kim Seonghoon , Lee Si Baek , Hong Yun Jeong , Kim Yongbang , Han Kyungdo , Park Jeong Wook 
Published: September 2021

Background Hormonal and menstrual factors are known to influence migraines in women. However, studies in the postmenopausal period are relatively insufficient for clinical translation. This study investigated the influence of endogenous and exogenous hormonal factors on migraines in spontaneous menopausal women. Methods We obtained and analyzed the data related to hormonal factors from the Korean Health Examination database. A migraine diagnosis was identified using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database between 2009 and 2018. We observed migraine occurrence in spontaneous postmenopausal women. Study populations were divided into two groups depending on new diagnosis of migraine during the follow up periods. We investigated the association between endogenous and exogenous hormonal factors and migraine. Results 1,114,742 spontaneous postmenopausal women were enrolled. Migraine risk tended to increase in the shorter lifetime number of years of menstruation group compared to the group with lifetime number of years of menstruation ≥40 years. All of the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) groups showed higher risk compared with the non-HRT group. Migraine risk tends to increase with greater postmenopausal years compared to the postmenopausal <5 years group. Conclusion Our study suggests that female hormonal factors, including endogenous and exogenous estrogen exposure, may be associated with migraine occurrence in spontaneous menopausal women.
Impact of cryopreservation and transit times of allogeneic grafts on hematopoietic and immune reconstitution
Authors: Maurer Katie , Kim Haesook T. , Kuczmarski Thomas M. , Garrity Heather M. , Weber Augustine , Reynolds Carol G. , Liney Deborah , Cutler Corey , Antin Joseph H. , Koreth John , Ritz Jerome , Shapiro Roman M. , Romee Rizwan , Wu Catherine J. , Soiffer Robert J. , Nikiforow Sarah , Ho Vincent T. , Gooptu Mahasweta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We sought to evaluate the impact of cryopreservation of unrelated donor (URD) peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts on engraftment, chimerism, and immune reconstitution in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We reviewed stem cell product characteristics and clinical outcomes in 101 patients receiving cryopreserved PBSCs from URDs between January 1, 2019 and 31 December, 2020, compared with 203 patients receiving fresh URD PBSCs. We observed no differences in 6-month overall survival, progression-free survival, or nonrelapse mortality. Patients receiving cryopreserved PBSCs had delayed platelet engraftment and impaired reconstitution of white blood cells and T-cell subsets at day 30. Thirty-four percent of patients receiving cryopreserved grafts had CD3 chimerism &lt;50% at day 30 after transplantation, compared with 14% of patients receiving fresh PBSCs (P = .0002). At day 100, this difference persisted (CD3+ chimerism &lt;50%: 17% of cryopreserved cohort vs 6% of fresh cohort; P = .016). Greater product age at infusion was associated with increased graft failure, independent of cryopreservation. Receipt of grafts &gt;48 hours old at time of cryopreservation or infusion significantly increased the risk of graft failure (subdistribution hazard ratio = 4.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.71-12.3; P = .0025). Our data indicate that cryopreservation is associated with similar overall short-term clinical outcomes compared with fresh PBSC. However, patients must be monitored closely for increased risk of other potentially adverse outcomes, including graft failure and poor immune recovery, particularly for grafts with older overall age at infusion. Longer-term follow-up is needed to determine impact on relapse and survival.
High-quality-factor dual-band Fano resonances induced by dual bound states in the continuum using a planar nanohole slab
Authors: Mi Qing , Sang Tian , Pei Yao , Yang Chaoyu , Li Shi , Wang Yueke , Ma Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn photonics, it is essential to achieve high-quality (Q)-factor resonances to improve optical devices’ performances. Herein, we demonstrate that high-Q-factor dual-band Fano resonances can be achieved by using a planar nanohole slab (PNS) based on the excitation of dual bound states in the continuum (BICs). By shrinking or expanding the tetramerized holes of the superlattice of the PNS, two symmetry-protected BICs can be induced to dual-band Fano resonances and their locations as well as their Q-factors can be flexibly tuned. Physical mechanisms for the dual-band Fano resonances can be interpreted as the resonant couplings between the electric toroidal dipoles or the magnetic toroidal dipoles based on the far-field multiple decompositions and the near-field distributions of the superlattice. The dual-band Fano resonances of the PNS possess polarization-independent feature, and they can be survived even when the geometric parameters of the PNS are significantly altered, making them more suitable for potential applications.
Early life and adult stress promote sex dependent changes in hypothalamic miRNAs and environmental enrichment prevents stress-induced miRNA and gene expression changes in rats
Authors: McKibben Lauren Allen , Dwivedi Yogesh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The hypothalamus plays a key role in the stress response. While early life stress (ELS) increases susceptibility to psychiatric disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD), acute stress during adulthood can also precipitate MDD after ELS.

Aim
Here, we tested the expression of miRNAs following ELS and susceptibility to depression-like behavior and whether sex or acute stress exacerbates this response. We also tested whether environmental enrichment (Enr) promotes early life and adult behavioral stress resilience and its effect on hypothalamic miRNA and gene expression. Following rat maternal separation (MS) as an ELS model, Enr from weaning through adulthood, and restraint (RS) as acute adult stress, we tested both animal behavior and miRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Target genes and their enrichment and ontology were analyzed using bioinformatic tools. Target gene expression changes were tested using qPCR, and miRNA promoter methylation was studied using methylated-DNA immunoprecipitation qPCR.

Results
MS, Enr, RS, and sex altered hypothalamic miRNAs, including several previously reported in MS literature: miRs-29, − 124, − 132, − 144, − 504. Sex had a significant effect on the greatest number of miRNAs. Also, Enr reversed downregulation of miR-29b-1-5p and -301b-3p in MS. qPCR showed that MAPK6 and MMP19, targets of miR-301b-3p, were upregulated in MS and reversed by Enr. Additionally, miR-219a was hypermethylated in MS coinciding with decreased miR-219a expression.

Conclusions
This study found that sex plays a critical role in the hypothalamic miRNA response to both ELS and acute stress, with males expressing greater changes following postnatal stress. Moreover, enrichment significantly altered behavior as well as hypothalamic miRNA expression and their gene targets. Because of its role as the initiator of the autonomic stress response and connection to hedonic and motivational behavior, the hypothalamic miRNA landscape may significantly alter both the short and long-term behavioral response to stress.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals that chlorophyll metabolism contributes to leaf color changes in wucai (Brassica campestris L.) in response to cold
Authors: Yuan Lingyun , Zhang Liting , Wu Ying , Zheng Yushan , Nie Libing , Zhang Shengnan , Lan Tian , Zhao Yang , Zhu Shidong , Hou Jinfeng , Chen Guohu , Tang Xiaoyan , Wang Chenggang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Chlorophyll (Chl) is a vital photosynthetic pigment involved in capturing light energy and energy conversion. In this study, the color conversion of inner-leaves from green to yellow in the new wucai (Brassica campestris L.) cultivar W7–2 was detected under low temperature. The W7–2 displayed a normal green leaf phenotype at the seedling stage, but the inner leaves gradually turned yellow when the temperature was decreased to 10 °C/2 °C (day/night), This study facilitates us to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying leaf color changes in response to low temperature.

Results
A comparative leaf transcriptome analysis of W7–2 under low temperature treatment was performed on three stages (before, during and after leaf color change) with leaves that did not change color under normal temperature at the same period as a control. A total of 67,826 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in porphyrin and Chl metabolism, carotenoids metabolism, photosynthesis, and circadian rhythm. In the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolic pathways, the expression of several genes was reduced [i.e. magnesium chelatase subunit H (CHLH)] under low temperature. Almost all genes [i.e. phytoene synthase (PSY)] in the carotenoids (Car) biosynthesis pathway were downregulated under low temperature. The genes associated with photosynthesis [i.e. photosystem II oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1 (PsbO)] were also downregulated under LT. Our study also showed that elongated hypocotyl5 (HY5), which participates in circadian rhythm, and the metabolism of Chl and Car, is responsible for the regulation of leaf color change and cold tolerance in W7–2.

Conclusions
The color of inner-leaves was changed from green to yellow under low temperature in temperature-sensitive mutant W7–2. Physiological, biochemical and transcriptomic studies showed that HY5 transcription factor and the downstream genes such as CHLH and PSY, which regulate the accumulation of different pigments, are required for the modulation of leaf color change in wucai under low temperature.
GC-MS-based metabolite profiling of key differential metabolites between superior and inferior spikelets of rice during the grain filling stage
Authors: Min Xiumei , Xu Hailong , Huang Fenglian , Wei Yidong , Lin Wenxiong , Zhang Zhixing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The asynchronous filling between superior spikelets (SS) and inferior spikelets (IS) in rice has become a research hotspot. The stagnant development and poor grain filling of IS limit yields and the formation of good quality rice. A large number of studies on this phenomenon have been carried out from the genome, transcriptome and proteome level, indicating that asynchronous filling of SS and IS filling is a complex, but orderly physiological and biochemical process involving changes of a large number of genes, protein expression and modification. However, the analysis of metabolomics differences between SS and IS is rarely reported currently.

Results
This study utilized untargeted metabolomics and identified 162 metabolites in rice spikelets. Among them, 17 differential metabolites associated with unsynchronized grain filling between SS and IS, 27 metabolites were related to the stagnant development of IS and 35 metabolites related to the lower maximum grain-filling rate of IS compared with the SS. We found that soluble sugars were an important metabolite during grain filling for SS and IS. Absolute quantification was used to further analyze the dynamic changes of 4 types of soluble sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose, and trehalose) between SS and IS. The results showed that sucrose and trehalose were closely associated with the dynamic characteristics of grain filling between SS and IS. The application of exogenous sugar showed that trehalose functioned as a key sugar signal during grain filling of IS. Trehalose regulated the expression of genes related to sucrose conversion and starch synthesis, thereby promoting the conversion of sucrose to starch. The difference in the spatiotemporal expression of TPS-2 and TPP-1 between SS and IS was an important reason that led to the asynchronous change in the trehalose content between SS and IS.

Conclusions
The results from this study are helpful for understanding the difference in grain filling between SS and IS at the metabolite level. In addition, the present results can also provide a theoretical basis for the next step of using metabolites to regulate the filling of IS.
A Large Sample Survey of Suicide Risk among University Students in China
Authors: Wu Ran , Zhu Hong , Wang Zeng-Jian , Jiang Chun-Lei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to examine suicide ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide risk by examining a large sample of Chinese university students and identify the predictive factors, including depressive and anxiety symptoms, for suicide attempt and suicide risk.

Methods
We recruited 6,836 students (aged 18–30) based on all students enrolled in 2016 from one university using cluster sampling. They completed four questionnaires: the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised were used to measure suicide risk, and students’ depressive/anxiety symptoms were estimated using Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale.

Results
Four major findings emerged. First, 18% of the students showed high suicide ideation, 14.5% showed suicide risk, 18.8% had suicide plans, and 1% had attempted suicide. Second, a weak sense of life’s value was common among university students, as 61.4% of students considered suicide as a way to end or evade problems. Third, the results of the binary logistic regression showed that education, suicide ideation, including the wish to die, attitude toward suicide, specificity/planning of suicide, and deception or concealment of contemplated suicide were predictive factors of suicide attempt and suicide risk. The variable “deterrents to active attempt” was also a predictive factor of suicide risk. Fourth, depressive and anxiety symptoms did not significantly predict suicide attempts or suicide risk. Only 10.8% and 5.6% of the students had self-reported scores above the clinical cut-off points for depression and anxiety, respectively.

Conclusions
This study highlighted the prevalence of suicide risk among Chinese university students. The high risk of suicide may not only be due to affective disorders, but also a weak sense of life’s value or other reasons. Suicide ideation that significantly predicts suicide risk can be used for suicide risk assessment. Universities should provide appropriate life education and suicide prevention and intervention such as teaching instructors gate-keeper skills.