bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axion assisted Schwinger effect
Authors: Domcke Valerie , Ema Yohei , Mukaida Kyohei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We point out an enhancement of the pair production rate of charged fermions in a strong electric field in the presence of time dependent classical axion-like background field, which we call axion assisted Schwinger effect. While the standard Schwinger production rate is proportional to $$ \exp \left(-\pi \left({m}^2+{p}_T^2\right)/E\right) $$
exp

−
π

m
2

+

p
T
2

/
E

, with m and pT denoting the fermion mass and its momentum transverse to the electric field E, the axion assisted Schwinger effect can be enhanced at large momenta to exp(−πm2/E). The origin of this enhancement is a coupling between the fermion spin and its momentum, induced by the axion velocity. As a non-trivial validation of our result, we show its invariance under field redefinitions associated with a chiral rotation and successfully reproduce the chiral anomaly equation in the presence of helical electric and magnetic fields. We comment on implications of this result for axion cosmology, focussing on axion inflation and axion dark matter detection.
Janus solutions in three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 8 gauged supergravity
Authors: Chen Kevin , Gutperle Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Janus solutions are constructed in d = 3, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 gauged supergravity. We find explicit half-BPS solutions where two scalars in the SO(1, 8)/SO(8) coset have a nontrivial profile. These solutions correspond on the CFT side to an interface with a position-dependent expectation value for a relevant operator and a source which jumps across the interface for a marginal operator.
A well-posedness result for a system of cross-diffusion equations
Authors: Seis Christian , Winkler Dominik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work’s major intention is the investigation of the well-posedness of certain cross-diffusion equations in the class of bounded functions. More precisely, we show existence, uniqueness and stability of bounded weak solutions under a smallness assumption on the intial data. As an application, we provide a new well-posedness theory for a diffusion-dominant cross-diffusion system that originates from a hopping model with size exclusions. Our approach is based on a fixed point argument in a function space that is induced by suitable Carleson-type measures.
Analysis of allelic variants of RhMLO genes in rose and functional studies on susceptibility to powdery mildew related to clade V homologs
Authors: Fang Peihong , Arens Paul , Liu Xintong , Zhang Xin , Lakwani Deepika , Foucher Fabrice , Clotault Jérémy , Geike Juliane , Kaufmann Helgard , Debener Thomas , Bai Yuling , Zhang Zhao , Smulders Marinus J. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKey messageRose has 19 MLO genes. Of these, RhMLO1 and RhMLO2 were shown to be required for powdery mildew infection, which suggests their potential as susceptibility targets towards disease resistance.AbstractPowdery mildew, caused byPodosphaera pannosa, is one of the most serious and widespread fungal diseases for roses, especially in greenhouse-grown cut roses. It has been shown that certainMLO genes are involved in powdery mildew susceptibility and that loss of function in these genes in various crops leads to broad-spectrum, long-lasting resistance against this fungal disease. For this reason, theseMLOgenes are called susceptibility genes. We carried out a genome-wide identification of theMLOgene family in theRosa chinensisgenome, and screened for allelic variants among 22 accessions from seven differentRosaspecies using re-sequencing and transcriptome data. We identified 19MLOgenes in rose, of which four are candidate genes for functional homologs in clade V, which is the clade containing all dicotMLOsusceptibility genes. We detected a total of 198 different allelic variants in the set ofRosaspecies and accessions, corresponding to 5–15 different alleles for each of the genes. Some diploidRosaspecies shared alleles with tetraploid rose cultivars, consistent with the notion that diploid species have contributed to the formation of tetraploid roses. Among the fourRhMLOgenes in clade V, we demonstrated using expression study, virus-induced gene silencing as well as transient RNAi silencing that two of them,RhMLO1andRhMLO2, are required for infection byP. pannosaand suggest their potential as susceptibility targets for powdery mildew resistance breeding in rose.
Polymethylmethacrylat-Zementbeschichtung intramedullärer Implantate
Authors: Rupp Markus , Walter Nike , Ismat Abdullah , Alt Volker 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Beschichtung von intramedullären Stäben mit antibiotikahaltigem PMMA(Polymethylmethacrylat)-Knochenzement sorgt für eine hohe lokale Antibiotikakonzentration und für Stabilität bei noch nicht konsolidierten Frakturen. Allerdings kann sich bei Entfernung des Implantats Knochenzement ablösen und im Markraum von Röhrenknochen verbleiben.

Fallbeschreibung
Eine 56-jährige Patientin litt nach einer periprothetischen Kniegelenkinfektion an einer schmerzhaften Reinfektion mit Staphylococcus epidermidis. Es bestand eine Indikation zu einem Ausbau der Prothese.

Operation
Die einliegende Rotations-Scharnier-Prothese wurde nach Weichteildebridement und Synovektomie entfernt. Für eine temporäre Arthrodese wurden als intramedulläre Implantate Humerusnägel verwendet, die mit antibiotikahaltigem PMMA-Zement beschichtet waren. Um ein Ablösen des Knochenzements bei der Implantatentfernung und einen Verbleib von Zementresten im Knochen zu verhindern, wurden die Humerusnägel mit Cerclagedraht armiert. Das so beschichtete Implantat wurde dann „pressfit“ in den Markraum implantiert.
Diffusivity Estimation for Activator–Inhibitor Models: Theory and Application to Intracellular Dynamics of the Actin Cytoskeleton
Authors: Pasemann Gregor , Flemming Sven , Alonso Sergio , Beta Carsten , Stannat Wilhelm 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA theory for diffusivity estimation for spatially extended activator–inhibitor dynamics modeling the evolution of intracellular signaling networks is developed in the mathematical framework of stochastic reaction–diffusion systems. In order to account for model uncertainties, we extend the results for parameter estimation for semilinear stochastic partial differential equations, as developed in Pasemann and Stannat (Electron J Stat 14(1):547–579, 2020), to the problem of joint estimation of diffusivity and parametrized reaction terms. Our theoretical findings are applied to the estimation of effective diffusivity of signaling components contributing to intracellular dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in the model organism Dictyostelium discoideum.
Recreational activity after cementless total hip arthroplasty in patients older than 75 years
Authors: Zimmerer Alexander , Navas Luis , Kinkel Stefan , Weiss Stefan , Hauschild Matthias , Miehlke Wolfgang , Streit Marcus 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
This retrospective study aimed to compare activity levels before and at mid-term follow-up after primary cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients older than 75 years.

Materials and methods
A cohort of 79 patients with a mean age at surgery of 78 years (range 76–84 years) was evaluated 6.3 years (range 4–8 years) after cementless THA due to osteoarthritis and was followed up with a questionnaire to determine their activity level. Pre- and post-operative recreational activities were assessed at routine follow-up using the University of California, Los Angeles activity score, and the Schulthess Clinic sports and activity questionnaire. Post-operative health-related quality of life was measured using Veterans Rand 12-item survey (VR-12).

Results
Six years after THA, 72% of preoperatively active patients had returned to activity. Comparing activity preoperatively (before the onset of symptoms) and 6 years after THA, the number of disciplines and session length has decreased significantly. A significant decline in high-impact activities was observed, while participation in low-impact activities significantly increased.

Conclusion
The majority of patients maintained a recreational activity level in the mid-term after primary cementless THA. However, a change in disciplines toward low-impact activities was observed.
Auditory thalamus dysfunction and pathophysiology in tinnitus: a predictive network hypothesis
Authors: Brinkmann Pia , Kotz Sonja A. , Smit Jasper V. , Janssen Marcus L. F. , Schwartze Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTinnitus is the perception of a ‘ringing’ sound without an acoustic source. It is generally accepted that tinnitus develops after peripheral hearing loss and is associated with altered auditory processing. The thalamus is a crucial relay in the underlying pathways that actively shapes processing of auditory signals before the respective information reaches the cerebral cortex. Here, we review animal and human evidence to define thalamic function in tinnitus. Overall increased spontaneous firing patterns and altered coherence between the thalamic medial geniculate body (MGB) and auditory cortices is observed in animal models of tinnitus. It is likely that the functional connectivity between the MGB and primary and secondary auditory cortices is reduced in humans. Conversely, there are indications for increased connectivity between the MGB and several areas in the cingulate cortex and posterior cerebellar regions, as well as variability in connectivity between the MGB and frontal areas regarding laterality and orientation in the inferior, medial and superior frontal gyrus. We suggest that these changes affect adaptive sensory gating of temporal and spectral sound features along the auditory pathway, reflecting dysfunction in an extensive thalamo-cortical network implicated in predictive temporal adaptation to the auditory environment. Modulation of temporal characteristics of input signals might hence factor into a thalamo-cortical dysrhythmia profile of tinnitus, but could ultimately also establish new directions for treatment options for persons with tinnitus.
A comparative analysis of gaseous phase hydration properties of two lichenized fungi: Niebla tigrina (Follman) Rundel & Bowler from Atacama Desert and Umbilicaria antarctica Frey & I. M. Lamb from Robert Island, Southern Shetlands Archipelago, maritime Antarctica
Authors: Harańczyk Hubert , Strzałka K. , Kubat K. , Andrzejowska A. , Olech M. , Jakubiec D. , Kijak P. , Palfner G. , Casanova-Katny Angélica 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGaseous phase hydration properties for thalli of Niebla tigrina from Atacama Desert, and for Umbilicaria antarctica from Isla Robert, maritime Antarctica, were analyzed using 1H-NMR relaxometry, spectroscopy, and sorption isotherm analysis. The molecular dynamics of residual water was monitored to distinguish the sequential binding very tightly, tightly, and loosely bound water fractions. These two species differ in hydration kinetics faster for Desert N. tigrina [A1 = 0.51(4); t1 = 0.51(5) h, t2 = 15.0(1.9) h; total 0.7 for p/p0 = 100%], compared to Antarctic U. antarctica [A1 = 0.082(6), t1 = 2.4(2) h, t2 = [26.9(2.7)] h, total 0.6 for p/p0 = 100%] from humid polar area. The 1H-NMR measurements distinguish signal from tightly bound water, and two signals from loosely bound water, with different chemical shifts higher for U. antarctica than for N. tigrina. Both lichen species contain different amounts of water-soluble solid fraction. For U. antarctica, the saturation concentration of water soluble solid fraction, cs = 0.55(9), and the dissolution effect is detected at least up to Δm/m0 = 0.7, whereas for N. tigrina with the similar saturation concentration, cs = 053(4), this fraction is detected up to the threshold hydration level equal to ΔM/m0 = 0.3 only.
Boundary politics and the social imaginary for sustainable food systems
Authors: Niewolny Kim L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this essay, Kim Niewolny, current President of AFHVS, responds to the 2020 AFHVS Presidential Address given by Molly Anderson. Niewolny is encouraged by Anderson’s message of moving “beyond the boundaries” by focusing our gaze on the insurmountable un-sustainability of the globalized food system. Anderson recommends three ways forward to address current challenges. Niewolny argues that building solidarity with social justice movements and engendering anti-racist praxis take precedence. This work includes but is not limited to dismantling the predominance of neoliberal-fueled technocratic productivism in agricultural science and policy while firmly centering civil society collective action and human rights frameworks as our guiding imaginary for racial, gender, environmental, and climate justice possibilities for sustainable food systems praxis. She concludes by exploring the epistemic assertion to push beyond our professional and political imaginaries to build a more fair, just, and humanizing food system.
A robust multiobjective model for the integrated berth and quay crane scheduling problem at seaside container terminals
Authors: Nourmohammadzadeh Abtin , Voß Stefan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ever increasing demand for container transportation has led to the congestion of maritime container terminals in the world. In this work, the two interrelated problems of berth and quay crane scheduling are considered in an integrated multiobjective mathematical model. A special character of this model is that the arrival times of vessels and the failure (working) times of quay cranes are not deterministic and can vary based on some scenarios. Hence, a robust model is devised for the problem having three objectives of minimising the deviations from target berthing locations and times as well as departure delays of all vessels. This robust optimisation seeks to minimise the value of the objectives regarding all the scenarios. An exact solution approach based on the 𝜖-constraint method by the Gurobi software is applied. Moreover, regarding the complexity of the problem, two Simulated Annealing (SA) based metaheuristics, namely a Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing (MOSA) and a Pareto Simulated Annealing (PSA) approach are adapted with a novel solution encoding scheme. The three methods are compared based on some multiobjective metrics and a statistical test. The advantage of the integration of berth and quay crane scheduling is examined as well.
Atlas of ticks (Acari: Argasidae, Ixodidae) in Germany
Authors: Rubel Franz , Brugger Katharina , Chitimia-Dobler Lidia , Dautel Hans , Meyer-Kayser Elisabeth , Kahl Olaf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn updated and increased compilation of georeferenced tick locations in Germany is presented here. This data collection extends the dataset published some years ago by another 1448 new tick locations, 900 locations of which were digitized from literature and 548 locations are published here for the first time. This means that a total of 3492 georeferenced tick locations is now available for Germany. The tick fauna of Germany includes two species of Argasidae in the genera Argas and Carios and 19 species of Ixodidae in the genera Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, and Ixodes, altogether 21 tick species. In addition, three species of Ixodidae in the genera Hyalomma (each spring imported by migratory birds) and Rhipicephalus (occasionally imported by dogs returning from abroad with their owners) are included in the tick atlas. Of these, the georeferenced locations of 23 tick species are depicted in maps. The occurrence of the one remaining tick species, the recently described Ixodes inopinatus, is given at the level of the federal states. The most common and widespread tick species is Ixodes ricinus, with records in all 16 federal states. With the exception of Hamburg, Dermacentor reticulatus was also found in all federal states. The occurrence of the ixodid ticks Ixodes canisuga, Ixodes frontalis, Ixodes hexagonus and I. inopinatus were documented in at least 11 federal states each. The two mentioned argasid tick species were also documented in numerous federal states, the pigeon tick Argas reflexus in 11 and the bat tick Carios vespertilionis in seven federal states. The atlas of ticks in Germany and the underlying digital dataset in the supplement can be used to improve global tick maps or to study the effects of climate change and habitat alteration on the distribution of tick species.
Leveraging HPC accelerator architectures with modern techniques — hydrologic modeling on GPUs with ParFlow
Authors: Hokkanen Jaro , Kollet Stefan , Kraus Jiri , Herten Andreas , Hrywniak Markus , Pleiter Dirk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRapidly changing heterogeneous supercomputer architectures pose a great challenge to many scientific communities trying to leverage the latest technology in high-performance computing. Many existing projects with a long development history have resulted in a large amount of code that is not directly compatible with the latest accelerator architectures. Furthermore, due to limited resources of scientific institutions, developing and maintaining architecture-specific ports is generally unsustainable. In order to adapt to modern accelerator architectures, many projects rely on directive-based programming models or build the codebase tightly around a third-party domain-specific language or library. This introduces external dependencies out of control of the project. The presented paper tackles the issue by proposing a lightweight application-side adaptor layer for compute kernels and memory management resulting in a versatile and inexpensive adaptation of new accelerator architectures with little draw backs. A widely used hydrologic model demonstrates that such an approach pursued more than 20 years ago is still paying off with modern accelerator architectures as demonstrated by a very significant performance gain from NVIDIA A100 GPUs, high developer productivity, and minimally invasive implementation; all while the codebase is kept well maintainable in the long-term.
A receding horizon event-driven control strategy for intelligent traffic management
Authors: Lucia Walter , Franzè Giuseppe , Famularo Domenico 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the intelligent traffic management within a smart city environment is addressed by developing anad-hocmodel predictive control strategy based on an event-driven formulation. To this end, a constrained hybrid system description is considered for safety verification purposes and a low-demanding receding horizon controller is then derived by exploiting set-theoretic arguments. Simulations are performed on the train-gate benchmark system to show the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed methodology.
Seasonal occurrence and sexual segregation of great white sharks Carcharodon carcharias in Mossel Bay, South Africa
Authors: Milankovic Hannah R. , Ray Nicholas D. , Gentle Louise K. , Kruger Christo , Jacobs Esther , Ferreira Craig J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe seasonal occurrence and temporal sexual segregation of great white sharksCarcharodon carchariashave been widely documented in various temperate and sub-tropical waters across the globe. Yet, there is limited understanding of the relationship between the life stages and habitat use ofC. carcharias, particularly in the Southern Cape. In this study, we investigated the population dynamics ofC. carchariasin Mossel Bay, South Africa, between 2009 and 2013, using skipper logbooks and citizen research data obtained by a cage-diving vessel. A total of 3064 sharks, ranging in life history stages from young-of-the-year to subadult, were sighted during 573 trips. Juveniles dominated the sightings throughout the study, and there was marked sexual segregation, with females dominating the total sightings of sharks.C. carchariaswere most abundant during the cooler, winter season, with females differing in abundance seasonally and males maintaining a low abundance throughout the year but peaking in the winter. In addition, sea surface temperature was the best indicator ofC. carchariaspresence. Abundance was greatest when vertical water visibility exceeded 3 m, with cloud cover influencing overall abundance negatively. Likely reasoning for the aggregation ofC. carchariasin Mossel Bay includes the favourable conditions and abundance of food. Juvenile sharks may also utilise this area as a training ground to learn from larger conspecifics. This research demonstrates that information on population size and structure ofC. carchariascan be obtained effectively through a compilation of logbook and citizen science data to assess and identify potential critical habitats in the quest to develop appropriate management strategies. This research also shows value in commercial cage-diving operations deriving international data sets needed to assess global populations ofC. carcharias.
The Ups and Downs of Mechanism Realism: Functions, Levels, and Crosscutting Hierarchies
Authors: Dewhurst Joe , Isaac Alistair. M. C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMechanism realists assert the existence of mechanisms as objective structures in the world, but their exact metaphysical commitments are unclear. We introduce Local Hierarchy Realism (LHR) as a substantive and plausible form of mechanism realism. The limits of LHR reveal a deep tension between two aspects of mechanists’ explanatory strategy. Functional decomposition identifies locally relevant entities and activities, while these same entities and activities are also embedded in a nested hierarchy of levels. In principle, a functional decomposition may identify entities engaging in causal interactions that crosscut the hierarchical structure of composition relations, violating the mechanist’s injunction against interlevel causation. We argue that this possibility is realized in the example of ephaptic coupling, a subsidiary process of neural computation that crosscuts the hierarchy derived from synaptic transmission. These considerations undermine the plausibility of LHR as a general view, yet LHR has the advantages that (i) its metaphysical implications are precisely stateable; (ii) the structure it identifies is not reducible to mere aggregate causation; and (iii) it clearly satisfies intuitive and informal definitions of mechanism. We conclude by assessing the prospects for a form of mechanism realism weaker than LHR that nevertheless satisfies all three of these requirements.
The Production and Destruction of Forests through the Lens of Landesque Capital Accumulation
Authors: Börjeson Lowe , Ango Tola Gemechu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe discuss the management of trees and forests through the lens of “landesque capital.” A theoretical point of departure is how landesque capital accumulates through a process that relies on both the ‘work of nature’ and the ‘work of people.’ This approach highlights the importance of undertaking a critical analysis of labor investment and its landscape legacies in relation to ecological processes, social dynamics, and political economy. Empirically we draw on the case of smallholder production of coffee and annual crops in southwestern Ethiopia. We show how both the production (generation and maintenance) and destruction of forests in the study area are largely shaped by processes of landesque capital accumulation and discuss the importance of analyzing how people contribute to produce forests to meet production goals in contrast to the ubiquitous notion of humans as a solely destructive force of change in forest ecosystems.