bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group Knowledge and Mathematical Collaboration: A Philosophical Examination of the Classification of Finite Simple Groups
Authors: Habgood-Coote Joshua , Tanswell Fenner Stanley 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper we apply social epistemology to mathematical proofs and their role in mathematical knowledge. The most famous modern collaborative mathematical proof effort is the Classification of Finite Simple Groups. The history and sociology of this proof have been well-documented by Alma Steingart (2012), who highlights a number of surprising and unusual features of this collaborative endeavour that set it apart from smaller-scale pieces of mathematics. These features raise a number of interesting philosophical issues, but have received very little attention. In this paper, we will consider the philosophical tensions that Steingart uncovers, and use them to argue that the best account of the epistemic status of the Classification Theorem will be essentially and ineliminably social. This forms part of the broader argument that in order to understand mathematical proofs, we must appreciate their social aspects.
Trustees Instead of Elected Mayors: Authoritarian Neoliberalism and the Removal of Kurdish Mayors in Turkey
Authors: Tutkal Serhat 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article examines the Turkish State’s recent practice of removing pro-Kurdish mayors and appointing trustees in their place without holding new elections. By comparing previous cases of removals of pro-Kurdish mayors to post-2016 practices, it argues that the discursive shift in legitimizing recent anti-democratic governmental practices should be read in relation to authoritarian neoliberalism in Turkey. To this end, it analyzes a Twitter account dedicated to promoting public services of trustee-ran municipalities (oluyor.net) and 89 YouTube videos that feature the trustees themselves. By demonstrating the ways in which the trustees themselves promote their work in Kurdish-populated cities, it underlines the dangers of authoritarian neoliberalism in subordinating democratic mechanisms to economic development and providing better public services. However, by studying the results of the following 2019 local elections in these 89 trustee-appointed municipalities, this article shows that the local people mostly continue supporting democratic mechanisms by electing pro-Kurdish candidates even in unfair electoral conditions.
Bread in the Desert: The Politics and Practicalities of Food in Early Egyptian Monasticism
Authors: Hansen Benjamin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Apophthegmata Patrum (Sayings of the Desert Fathers) offer a compelling literary perspective on the daily lives of early Egyptian monastics. The routine necessities of food and drink played a distinct part in the physical and spiritual survival of these novel monastic communities. When, what, and how much a monk ate could cause celebration or scandal. Every meal was likewise a test. This study has two purposes. First, it situates the Sayings's many references to bread, salt, oil, and fruit within the dietary possibilities of late antique Egypt. Second, and more broadly, this study highlights the place of eating (or not eating) as it relates to particular monastic notions of spiritual wellbeing. Meals were always an arena for acts of heroic asceticism, but they also served as highly charged communal confrontations, a dizzying back and forth of hospitality received or rejected, of honor and shame played out in alimentary paradoxes. In this, the Sayings bear witness to the spiritual politics of eating within Egyptian monastic culture and provide insight into the formation of late antique religious identities, betraying fundamental tensions inherent in other forms of Christian literature.
Neurobiological correlates of antisociality across adolescence and young adulthood: a multi-sample, multi-method study
Authors: Blankenstein Neeltje E. , de Rooij Mark , van Ginkel Joost , Wilderjans Tom F. , de Ruigh Esther L. , Oldenhof Helena C. , Zijlmans Josjan , Jambroes Tijs , Platje Evelien , de Vries-Bouw Marjan , Branje Susan , Meeus Wim H. J. , Vermeiren Robert R. J. M. , Popma Arne , Jansen Lucres M. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAntisociality across adolescence and young adulthood puts individuals at high risk of developing a variety of problems. Prior research has linked antisociality to autonomic nervous system and endocrinological functioning. However, there is large heterogeneity in antisocial behaviors, and these neurobiological measures are rarely studied conjointly, limited to small specific studies with narrow age ranges, and yield mixed findings due to the type of behavior examined.MethodsWe harmonized data from 1489 participants (9–27 years, 67% male), from six heterogeneous samples. In the resulting dataset, we tested relations between distinct dimensions of antisociality and heart rate, pre-ejection period (PEP), respiratory sinus arrhythmia, respiration rate, skin conductance levels, testosterone, basal cortisol, and the cortisol awakening response (CAR), and test the role of age throughout adolescence and young adulthood.ResultsThree dimensions of antisociality were uncovered: ‘callous-unemotional (CU)/manipulative traits’, ‘intentional aggression/conduct’, and ‘reactivity/impulsivity/irritability’. Shorter PEPs and higher testosterone were related to CU/manipulative traits, and a higher CAR is related to both CU/manipulative traits and intentional aggression/conduct. These effects were stable across age.ConclusionsAcross a heterogeneous sample and consistent across development, the CAR may be a valuable measure to link to CU/manipulative traits and intentional aggression, while sympathetic arousal and testosterone are additionally valuable to understand CU/manipulative traits. Together, these findings deepen our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying different components of antisociality. Finally, we illustrate the potential of using current statistical techniques for combining multiple datasets to draw robust conclusions about biobehavioral associations.
Caring for people who take care: What is already done?
Authors: Oliveira Carolina , Fonseca Gabriela , Areia Neide P. , Sotero Luciana , Relvas Ana Paula 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The growing prevalence and impact of cancer on the family system calls for a palliative care approach with the family as the unit of care. This study aimed at providing an overview of the intervention programs that have been developed to offer support to the family caregivers of oncologic patients receiving palliative care.

Method
Sixteen articles were included in the final review, encompassing (i) studies focused on intervention programs with family caregivers of cancer patients in palliative care, (ii) studies including a pre- and post-test evaluation of the intervention program, (iii) and studies whose cancer patients were at least 18 years old.

Results
A great heterogeneity was verified with respect to care settings, number of sessions, outcome measures, or timing of assessment within the reviewed programs. These findings mirrored the complexity of the palliative care approach, which is difficult to standardize. Nonetheless, some interventions with different features accomplished good and sometimes similar results. The studies’ main outcomes were clustered in five categories: psychological symptomatology, general quality of life, caregiving role, family relational variables, and bereavement/grief. Moreover, 44% of the main outcomes were psychological symptomatology of family caregivers, with an emphasis toward anxiety and depression. Also shown was a growing emergence of technology use among these interventions.

Significance of results
Results revealed a scarcity of family-oriented programs and lack of certified mental health professionals as interventionists. Future studies and interventions should focus on the positive outcomes of the caregiving experience and must acknowledge the cultural differences when trying to replicate programs. Considering that there is no precise formula for dealing with terminal illness and grief, we submit that family-centered and systemic lenses are excellent approaches for support during this adjustment process. In conclusion, the present study advocates for increased investment in the field, underscoring the importance of family caregivers’ mental health.
STEEL’S PROGRAMME: EVIDENTIAL FRAMEWORK, THE CORE AND ULTIMATE-L
Authors: BAGARIA JOAN , TERNULLO CLAUDIO 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe address Steel’s Programme to identify a ‘preferred’ universe of set theory and the best axioms extending
$\mathsf {ZFC}$
by using his multiverse axioms
$\mathsf {MV}$
and the ‘core hypothesis’. In the first part, we examine the evidential framework for
$\mathsf {MV}$
, in particular the use of large cardinals and of ‘worlds’ obtained through forcing to ‘represent’ alternative extensions of
$\mathsf {ZFC}$
. In the second part, we address the existence and the possible features of the core of
$\mathsf {MV}_T$
(where T is
$\mathsf {ZFC}$
+Large Cardinals). In the last part, we discuss the hypothesis that the core is Ultimate-L, and examine whether and how, based on this fact, the Core Universist can justify V=Ultimate-L as the best (and ultimate) extension of
$\mathsf {ZFC}$
. To this end, we take into account several strategies, and assess their prospects in the light of
$\mathsf {MV}$
’s evidential framework.
Free Access to and from the Ocean in the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea: The Law of the Sea and the Caspian “Body of Water”
Authors: PECORARO Alberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAccess to and from the sea for landlocked states has been a long-standing issue in the law of the sea. Such issue is also addressed by the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea (or Aktau Convention), which foresees a right of free access to other seas for landlocked State Parties—Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan—through the Russian Federation. At the same time, it upholds the transit state's sovereignty and right to protect its legitimate interests. Consequently, it is important to assess the limits of the transit state's discretion pursuant to the Aktau Convention. In this regard, that instrument has important linkages with UNCLOS and with general international law. These linkages introduce in the Aktau Convention various norms—such as due regard and reasonableness—that play an important role in its interpretation.
High‐Temperature Strain Localization and the Nucleation of Oceanic Core Complexes (16.5°N, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge)
Authors: Casini Leonardo , Maino Matteo , Sanfilippo Alessio , Ildefonse Benoit , Dick Henry J. B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExtension at slow to ultraslow midoceanic ridges is mostly accommodated by large detachment faults that expose mantle peridotite and/or lower‐crustal rocks forming Oceanic Core Complexes (OCC). It is commonly accepted that OCC at slow spreading ridges form during the early stage of crystallization of the magmatic crust, when rocks are still close to their solidus temperature. This observation poses significant problems, as nucleation of detachment faults requires significant weakening, which instead is more easily obtained at low temperature. The RV Knorr cruise 210 Leg 5 on the 16.5°N OCC of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge recovered a narrow shear zone from the plutonic footwall of a mature detachment fault. Troctolites preserve a continuous transition from proto‐mylonite to mylonite and ultra‐mylonite equilibrated at temperature between 1100° and 900°C. EBSD analysis highlights increased phase mixing and weaker crystallographic fabrics in the ultra‐mylonite with respect the mylonitic domains. While host troctolites were completely solidified at the deformation incoming, high‐strain zones preserve evidences of syn‐kinematic melt‐related textures. Fabric patterns combined with plagioclase and olivine grain size piezometry and 1D rheological modeling indicate that the development of ultra‐mylonite requires a switch from dislocation creep to melt‐enhanced grain‐boundary sliding. Activation of this mechanism was promoted by the occurrence of hydrous melt possibly produced by selective re‐melting of plagioclase + Ti‐pargasite microdomains in response to strain localization at subseismic strain rates. This study highlights the importance of hydrated magmatic phases to promote the onset of detachment faulting in OCC.
Precise Orbit Determination for LEO Satellites With Ambiguity Resolution: Improvement and Comparison
Authors: Zhang Keke , Li Xingxing , Wu Jiaqi , Yuan Yongqiang , Li Xin , Zhang Xiaohong , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrecise knowledge of orbit represents a fundamental requirement for the earth observing satellite missions to achieve their advanced objectives. The integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) has proved to be a key to utmost accuracy in space navigation. Generally, there are two typical IAR methods widely used in the orbit determination of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, the classical double‐difference (DD) IAR and new single‐difference (SD) IAR. Based on one‐year observations of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow‐On (GRACE‐FO) and Sentinel‐3 missions, this study is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of the differences of the products used, implementation details and ambiguity fixing performance for different IAR methods in LEO precise orbit determination (POD), and discusses how these differences influence the orbit solutions. The results show that the orbit accuracy improvement contributed by the ambiguity fixing varies with the adopted IAR methods. SD IAR can contribute to a representative reduction of 1–4 mm in satellite laser ranging (SLR) residuals compared to the float solutions. The application of bias products from different analysis centers leads to marginal differences for the ambiguity fixing. For DD IAR method, the different ways to form the double‐difference ambiguity yield different performances in POD. The DD IAR of space‐ground baselines can achieve a comparable performance to SD IAR, while the benefit of ambiguity fixing is largely weakened when forming space‐space baseline. Furthermore, we also analyze the contribution of the ambiguity fixing to the accuracy and robustness of the kinematic orbit and discuss its great potential for the future applications.
Fiber-tip polymer clamped-beam probe for high-sensitivity nanoforce measurements
Authors: Zou Mengqiang , Liao Changrui , Liu Shen , Xiong Cong , Zhao Cong , Zhao Jinlai , Gan Zongsong , Chen Yanping , Yang Kaiming , Liu Dan , Wang Ying , Wang Yiping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicromanipulation and biological, material science, and medical applications often require to control or measure the forces asserted on small objects. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the microprinting of a novel fiber-tip-polymer clamped-beam probe micro-force sensor for the examination of biological samples. The proposed sensor consists of two bases, a clamped beam, and a force-sensing probe, which were developed using a femtosecond-laser-induced two-photon polymerization (TPP) technique. Based on the finite element method (FEM), the static performance of the structure was simulated to provide the basis for the structural design. A miniature all-fiber micro-force sensor of this type exhibited an ultrahigh force sensitivity of 1.51 nm μN−1, a detection limit of 54.9 nN, and an unambiguous sensor measurement range of ~2.9 mN. The Young’s modulus of polydimethylsiloxane, a butterfly feeler, and human hair were successfully measured with the proposed sensor. To the best of our knowledge, this fiber sensor has the smallest force-detection limit in direct contact mode reported to date, comparable to that of an atomic force microscope (AFM). This approach opens new avenues towards the realization of small-footprint AFMs that could be easily adapted for use in outside specialized laboratories. As such, we believe that this device will be beneficial for high-precision biomedical and material science examination, and the proposed fabrication method provides a new route for the next generation of research on complex fiber-integrated polymer devices.
Cerebral μ-opioid and CB1 receptor systems have distinct roles in human feeding behavior
Authors: Kantonen Tatu , Karjalainen Tomi , Pekkarinen Laura , Isojärvi Janne , Kalliokoski Kari , Kaasinen Valtteri , Hirvonen Jussi , Nuutila Pirjo , Nummenmaa Lauri 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEating behavior varies greatly between individuals, but the neurobiological basis of these trait-like differences in feeding remains poorly understood. Central μ-opioid receptors (MOR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) regulate energy balance via multiple neural pathways, promoting food intake and reward. Because obesity and eating disorders have been associated with alterations in the brain’s opioid and endocannabinoid signaling, the variation in MOR and CB1R system function could potentially underlie distinct eating behavior phenotypes. In this retrospective positron emission tomography (PET) study, we analyzed [11C]carfentanil PET scans of MORs from 92 healthy subjects (70 males and 22 females), and [18F]FMPEP-d2 scans of CB1Rs from 35 subjects (all males, all also included in the [11C]carfentanil sample). Eating styles were measured with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). We found that lower cerebral MOR availability was associated with increased external eating—individuals with low MORs reported being more likely to eat in response to environment’s palatable food cues. CB1R availability was associated with multiple eating behavior traits. We conclude that although MORs and CB1Rs overlap anatomically in brain regions regulating food reward, they have distinct roles in mediating individual feeding patterns. Central MOR system might provide a pharmacological target for reducing individual’s excessive cue-reactive eating behavior.
3D assessment of intervertebral disc degeneration in zebrafish identifies changes in bone density that prime disc disease
Authors: Kague Erika , Turci Francesco , Newman Elis , Yang Yushi , Brown Kate Robson , Aglan Mona S. , Otaify Ghada A. , Temtamy Samia A. , Ruiz-Perez Victor L. , Cross Stephen , Royall C. Patrick , Witten P. Eckhard , Hammond Chrissy L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBack pain is a common condition with a high social impact and represents a global health burden. Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is one of the major causes of back pain; no therapeutics are currently available to reverse this disease. The impact of bone mineral density (BMD) on IVDD has been controversial, with some studies suggesting osteoporosis as causative for IVDD and others suggesting it as protective for IVDD. Functional studies to evaluate the influence of genetic components of BMD in IVDD could highlight opportunities for drug development and repurposing. By taking a holistic 3D approach, we established an aging zebrafish model for spontaneous IVDD. Increased BMD in aging, detected by automated computational analysis, is caused by bone deformities at the endplates. However, aged zebrafish spines showed changes in bone morphology, microstructure, mineral heterogeneity, and increased fragility that resembled osteoporosis. Elements of the discs recapitulated IVDD symptoms found in humans: the intervertebral ligament (equivalent to the annulus fibrosus) showed disorganized collagen fibers and herniation, while the disc center (nucleus pulposus equivalent) showed dehydration and cellular abnormalities. We manipulated BMD in young zebrafish by mutatingsp7andcathepsin K, leading to low and high BMD, respectively. Remarkably, we detected IVDD in both groups, demonstrating that low BMD does not protect against IVDD, and we found a strong correlation between high BMD and IVDD. Deep learning was applied to high-resolution synchrotron µCT image data to analyze osteocyte 3D lacunar distribution and morphology, revealing a role ofsp7in controlling the osteocyte lacunar 3D profile. Our findings suggest potential avenues through which bone quality can be targeted to identify beneficial therapeutics for IVDD.
Inhibition of DNA methylation during chronic obstructive bladder disease (COBD) improves function, pathology and expression
Authors: Sidler Martin , Aitken K. J. , Jiang Jia-Xin , Yadav Priyank , Lloyd Erin , Ibrahim Malak , Choufani Sanaa , Weksberg Rosanna , Bägli Darius 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPartial bladder outlet obstruction due to prostate hyperplasia or posterior urethral valves, is a widespread cause of urinary dysfunction, patient discomfort and also responsible for immense health care costs. Even after removal or relief of obstruction, the functional and pathologic aspects of obstruction remain as a chronic obstructive bladder disease (COBD). Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, contribute to the persistent character of many chronic diseases, and may be altered in COBD. We tested whether candidate genes and pathways and the pathophysiology of COBD were affected by a hypomethylating agent, decitabine (DAC). COBD was created in female Sprague-Dawley rats by surgical ligation of the urethra for 6 weeks, followed by removal of the suture. Sham ligations were performed by passing the suture behind the urethra. After removal of the obstruction or sham removal, animals were randomized to DAC treatment (1 mg/kg/3-times/week intraperitoneally) or vehicle (normal saline). Bladder function was non-invasively tested using metabolic cages, both one day prior to de-obstruction at 6 weeks and prior to sacrifice at 10 weeks. Residual volume and bladder mass were measured for each bladder. Bladders were examined by immunostaining as well as qPCR. The effects of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)-3A knockout or overexpression on smooth muscle cell (SMC) function and phenotype were also examined in bladder SMC and ex vivo culture. Residual volumes of the DAC treated group were not significantly different from the NS group. Compared to COBD NS, COBD DAC treatment helped preserve micturition volume with a significant recovery of the voiding efficiency (ratio of the maximum voided volume/maximum bladder capacity) by one third (Fig. 1, p > 0.05). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) variants 1 and 5 were upregulated by COBD and significantly reduced by DAC treatment. Deposition of collagen in the COBD bladder was reduced by DAC, but gross hypertrophy remained. In bladder SMC, DNMT3A overexpression led to a loss of contractile function and phenotype. In bladders, persistently altered by COBD, inhibition of DNA-methylation enhances functional recovery, unlike treatment during partial obstruction, which exacerbates obstructive pathology. The underlying mechanisms may relate to the gene expression changes in BDNF and their effects on signaling in the bladder.
A new cylindrical borehole detector for radiographic imaging with muons
Authors: Cimmino L. , Ambrosino F. , Anastasio A. , D’Errico M. , Masone V. , Roscilli L. , Saracino G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMuon radiography is a methodology which enables measuring the mass distribution within large objects. It exploits the abundant flux of cosmic muons and uses detectors with different technologies depending on the application. As the sensitive surface and geometric acceptance are two fundamental parameters for increasing the collection of muons, the optimization of the detectors is very significant. Here we show a potentially innovative detector of size and shape suitable to be inserted inside a borehole, that optimizes the sensitive area and maximizes the angular acceptance thanks to its cylindrical geometry obtained using plastic arc-shaped scintillators. Good spatial resolution is obtained with a reasonable number of channels. The dimensions of the detector make it ideal for use in 25 cm diameter wells. Detailed simulations based on Monte Carlo methods show great cavity detection capability. The detector has been tested in the laboratory, achieving overall excellent performance.