bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome-based analysis of the effects of salicylic acid and high light on lipid and astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis
Authors: Hu Qunju , Huang Danqiong , Li Anguo , Hu Zhangli , Gao Zhengquan , Yang Yongli , Wang Chaogang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The unicellular alga Haematococcus pluvialis has achieved considerable interests for its capacity to accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerol and astaxanthin under various environmental stresses. To our knowledge, studies focusing on transcriptome research of H. pluvialis under exogenous hormones together with physical stresses are rare. In the present study, the change patterns at transcriptome level were analyzed to distinguish the multiple defensive systems of astaxanthin and fatty acid metabolism against exogenous salicylic acid and high light (SAHL) stresses.

Results
Based on RNA-seq data, a total of 112,463 unigenes and 61,191 genes were annotated in six databases, including NR, KEGG, Swiss-Prot, PFAM, COG and GO. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in KEGG identified many transcripts that associated with the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, photosynthesis, and immune system responses. Furthermore, 705 unigenes predicted as putative transcription factors (TFs) were identified, and the most abundant TFs families were likely to be associated with the biosynthesis of astaxanthin and fatty acid in H. pluvialis upon exposure to SAHL stresses. Additionally, majority of the fifteen key genes involved in astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways presented the same expression pattern, resulting in increased accumulation of astaxanthin and fatty acids in single celled H. pluvialis, in which astaxanthin content increased from 0.56 ± 0.05 mg·L−1 at stage Control to 0.89 ± 0.12 mg·L−1 at stage SAHL_48. And positive correlations were observed among these studied genes by Pearson Correlation (PC) analysis, indicating the coordination between astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis. In addition, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis also demonstrated that this coordination might be at transcriptional level.

Conclusion
The results in this study provided valuable information to illustrate the molecular mechanisms of coordinate relations between astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis. And salicylic acid might play a role in self-protection processes of cells, helping adaption of H. pluvialis to high light stress.
Gut related inflammation and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with CAD and type 2 diabetes: a sub-study of a randomized controlled trial on exercise training
Authors: Aune Susanne Kristine , Byrkjeland Rune , Solheim Svein , Arnesen Harald , Trøseid Marius , Awoyemi Ayodeji , Seljeflot Ingebjørg , Helseth Ragnhild 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aim
Gut leakage has been shown to associate with low-grade inflammation and lower cardiorespiratory fitness in diabetic subjects. We aimed to investigate whether gut leakage markers related to cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with both coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes, and whether these were affected by long-term exercise training.

Methods
Patients with angiographically verified coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 137) were randomized to either 12 months exercise intervention or conventional follow-up. A cardiopulmonary exercise test and fasting blood samples were obtained before and after intervention to assess VO2peak and the biomarkers soluble CD14, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and intestinal fatty-acid binding protein as markers of gut leakage.

Results
114 patients completed the intervention satisfactory. VO2peak correlated inversely to sCD14 (r = − 0.248, p = 0.004) at baseline. Dividing sCD14 into quartiles (Q), VO2peak was significantly higher in Q1 vs. Q2–4 (p = 0.001), and patients in Q2-4 (sCD14 > 1300 ng/mL) had an OR of 2.9 (95% CI 1.2–7.0) of having VO2peak below median (< 23.8 ml/kg/min) at baseline. There were no statistically significant differences in changes in gut leakage markers between the two randomized groups (all p > 0.05) after 12 months.

Conclusions
Cardiorespiratory fitness related inversely to sCD14, suggesting physical capacity to be associated with gut leakage in patients with CAD and T2DM. Long-term exercise training did not affect circulating gut leakage markers in our population.
Trial registration NCT01232608, Registered 02 November 2010—Retrospectively registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01232608?term=NCT01232608&draw=2&rank=1
The association between hypoglycemia and glycemic variability in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective observational study
Authors: Handa Takahisa , Nakamura Akinobu , Miya Aika , Nomoto Hiroshi , Kameda Hiraku , Cho Kyu Yong , Nagai So , Yoshioka Narihito , Miyoshi Hideaki , Atsumi Tatsuya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to explore predictive factors of time below target glucose range (TBR) ≥ 1% among patients’ characteristics and glycemic variability (GV) indices using continuous glucose monitoring data in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
We conducted a prospective observational study on 179 (71 female) Japanese outpatients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥ 65 years. The characteristics of the participants with TBR ≥ 1% were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses of GV indices, comprising coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation, and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, were performed to identify the optimal index for the identification of patients with TBR ≥ 1%.

Results
In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, none of the clinical characteristics, including HbA1c and C-peptide index, were independent markers for TBR ≥ 1%, while all three GV indices showed significant associations with TBR ≥ 1%. Among the three GV indices, CV showed the best performance based on the area under the curve in the ROC curve analyses.

Conclusions
Among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, CV reflected TBR ≥ 1% most appropriately among the GV indices examined.
Trial registration UMIN-CTR: UMIN000029993. Registered 16 November 2017
Draft genome sequence of a nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae strain used in the study of human respiratory infection
Authors: KC Rajendra , O’Toole Ronan F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an important human respiratory bacterium that can cause a range of diseases including sinusitis, otitis media, conjunctivitis, pneumonia as well as acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A number of studies have used NTHi clinical isolate RHH-3 as a laboratory strain for experimentation examining the effect of cigarette smoke and more recently, biomass smoke, on the susceptibility and response of cells lining the respiratory tract to infection. Therefore, definition of the genome content of RHH-3 is required to fully elucidate human-NTHi interactions associated with initial infection and subsequent development of respiratory disease.

Data description
Here, we present the draft genome sequence of NTHi RHH-3 collected from the sputum of a patient at the Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania, Australia. The assembled genome size was 1,839,376 bp consisting of 61 contigs (> 500 bp), with a G+C content of 38.1%. This draft genome data can be accessed at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession number JADPRR000000000.
A model of on/off transitions in neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei: deciphering the underlying ionic mechanisms
Authors: Berry Hugues , Genet Stéphane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCNn) represent the main functional link between the cerebellar cortex and the rest of the central nervous system. Therefore, understanding the electrophysiological properties of DCNn is of fundamental importance to understand the overall functioning of the cerebellum. Experimental data suggest that DCNn can reversibly switch between two states: the firing of spikes (F state) and a stable depolarized state (SD state). We introduce a new biophysical model of the DCNn membrane electro-responsiveness to investigate how the interplay between the documented conductances identified in DCNn give rise to these states. In the model, the F state emerges as an isola of limit cycles, i.e. a closed loop of periodic solutions disconnected from the branch of SD fixed points. This bifurcation structure endows the model with the ability to reproduce the $\text{F}\to \text{SD}$
F
→
SD
transition triggered by hyperpolarizing current pulses. The model also reproduces the $\text{F}\to \text{SD}$
F
→
SD
transition induced by blocking Ca currents and ascribes this transition to the blocking of the high-threshold Ca current. The model suggests that intracellular current injections can trigger fully reversible $\text{F}\leftrightarrow \text{SD}$
F
↔
SD
transitions. Investigation of low-dimension reduced models suggests that the voltage-dependent Na current is prominent for these dynamical features. Finally, simulations of the model suggest that physiological synaptic inputs may trigger $\text{F}\leftrightarrow \text{SD}$
F
↔
SD
transitions. These transitions could explain the puzzling observation of positively correlated activities of connected Purkinje cells and DCNn despite the former inhibit the latter.
Region- and voxel-based quantification in human brain of [18F]LSN3316612, a radioligand for O-GlcNAcase
Authors: Lee Jae-Hoon , Veronese Mattia , Liow Jeih-San , Morse Cheryl L. , Montero Santamaria Jose A. , Haskali Mohammad B. , Zoghbi Sami S. , Pike Victor W. , Innis Robert B. , Zanotti-Fregonara Paolo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Previous studies found that the positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand [18F]LSN3316612 accurately quantified O-GlcNAcase in human brain using a two-tissue compartment model (2TCM). This study sought to assess kinetic model(s) as an alternative to 2TCM for quantifying [18F]LSN3316612 binding, particularly in order to generate good-quality parametric images.

Methods
The current study reanalyzed data from a previous study of 10 healthy volunteers who underwent both test and retest PET scans with [18F]LSN3316612. Kinetic analysis was performed at the region level with 2TCM using 120-min PET data and arterial input function, which was considered as the gold standard. Quantification was then obtained at both the region and voxel levels using Logan plot, Ichise's multilinear analysis-1 (MA1), standard spectral analysis (SA), and impulse response function at 120 min (IRF120). To avoid arterial sampling, a noninvasive relative quantification (standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR)) was also tested using the corpus callosum as a pseudo-reference region. Venous samples were also assessed to see whether they could substitute for arterial ones.

Results
Logan and MA1 generated parametric images of good visual quality and their total distribution volume (VT) values at both the region and voxel levels were strongly correlated with 2TCM-derived VT (r = 0.96–0.99) and showed little bias (up to − 8%). SA was more weakly correlated to 2TCM-derived VT (r = 0.93–0.98) and was more biased (~ 16%). IRF120 showed a strong correlation with 2TCM-derived VT (r = 0.96) but generated noisier parametric images. All techniques were comparable to 2TCM in terms of test–retest variability and reliability except IRF120, which gave significantly worse results. Noninvasive SUVR values were not correlated with 2TCM-derived VT, and arteriovenous equilibrium was never reached.

Conclusions
Compared to SA and IRF, Logan and MA1 are more suitable alternatives to 2TCM for quantifying [18F]LSN3316612 and generating good-quality parametric images.
LPWAN-based hybrid backhaul communication for intelligent transportation systems: architecture and performance evaluation
Authors: Shahgholi Taghi , Sheikhahmadi Amir , Khamforoosh Keyhan , Azizi Sadoon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIncreased number of the vehicles on the streets around the world has led to several problems including traffic congestion, emissions, and huge fuel consumption in many regions. With advances in wireless and traffic technologies, the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has been introduced as a viable solution for solving these problems by implementing more efficient use of the current infrastructures. In this paper, the possibility of using cellular-based Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) communications, LTE-M and NB-IoT, for ITS applications has been investigated. LTE-M and NB-IoT are designed to provide long range, low power and low cost communication infrastructures and can be a promising option which has the potential to be employed immediately in real systems. In this paper, we have proposed an architecture to employ the LPWAN as a backhaul infrastructure for ITS and to understand the feasibility of the proposed model, two applications with low and high delay requirements have been examined: road traffic monitoring and emergency vehicle management. Then, the performance of using LTE-M and NB-IoT for providing backhaul communication infrastructure has been evaluated in a realistic simulation environment and compared for these two scenarios in terms of end-to-end latency per user. Simulation of Urban MObility has been used for realistic traffic generation and a Python-based program has been developed for evaluation of the communication system. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of using LPWAN for ITS backhaul infrastructure mostly in favor of the LTE-M over NB-IoT.
General methods of convergence and summability
Authors: García-Pacheco Francisco Javier , Kama Ramazan , Listán-García María del Carmen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper is on general methods of convergence and summability. We first present the general method of convergence described by free filters of $\mathbb{N} $
N
and study the space of convergence associated with the filter. We notice that $c(X)$
c
(
X
)
is always a space of convergence associated with a filter (the Frechet filter); that if X is finite dimensional, then $\ell _{\infty }(X)$

ℓ
∞

(
X
)
is a space of convergence associated with any free ultrafilter of $\mathbb{N} $
N
; and that if X is not complete, then $\ell _{\infty }(X)$

ℓ
∞

(
X
)
is never the space of convergence associated with any free filter of $\mathbb{N} $
N
. Afterwards, we define a new general method of convergence inspired by the Banach limit convergence, that is, described through operators of norm 1 which are an extension of the limit operator. We prove that $\ell _{\infty }(X)$

ℓ
∞

(
X
)
is always a space of convergence through a certain class of such operators; that if X is reflexive and 1-injective, then $c(X)$
c
(
X
)
is a space of convergence through a certain class of such operators; and that if X is not complete, then $c(X)$
c
(
X
)
is never the space of convergence through any class of such operators. In the meantime, we study the geometric structure of the set $\mathcal{HB}(\lim ):= \{T\in \mathcal{B} (\ell _{\infty }(X),X): T|_{c(X)}= \lim \text{ and }\|T\|=1\}$
HB
(
lim
)
:
=
{
T
∈
B
(

ℓ
∞

(
X
)
,
X
)
:
T

|

c
(
X
)

=
lim
and
∥
T
∥
=
1
}
and prove that $\mathcal{HB}(\lim )$
HB
(
lim
)
is a face of $\mathsf{B} _{\mathcal{L}_{X}^{0}}$

B

L
X
0

if X has the Bade property, where $\mathcal{L}_{X}^{0}:= \{ T\in \mathcal{B} (\ell _{\infty }(X),X): c_{0}(X) \subseteq \ker (T) \} $

L
X
0

:
=
{
T
∈
B
(

ℓ
∞

(
X
)
,
X
)
:

c
0

(
X
)
⊆
ker
(
T
)
}
. Finally, we study the multipliers associated with series for the above methods of convergence.
Three solutions for a partial discrete Dirichlet boundary value problem with p-Laplacian
Authors: Wang Shaohong , Zhou Zhan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBy employing critical point theory, we investigate the existence of solutions to a boundary value problem for a p-Laplacian partial difference equation depending on a real parameter. To be specific, we give precise estimates of the parameter to guarantee that the considered problem possesses at least three solutions. Furthermore, based on a strong maximum principle, we show that two of the obtained solutions are positive under some suitable assumptions of the nonlinearity.
Three solutions to Dirichlet problems for second-order self-adjoint difference equations involving p-Laplacian
Authors: Xiong Feng , Zhou Zhan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper derives several sufficient conditions for the existence of three solutions to the Dirichlet problem for a second-order self-adjoint difference equation involving p-Laplacian through the critical point theory. Furthermore, by using the strong maximum principle, we prove that the three solutions are positive under appropriate assumptions on the nonlinearity. Finally, we present three examples to confirm our results.
Identification of blood-derived candidate gene markers and a new 7-gene diagnostic model for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chen Xin , Hou Huiqing , Qiao Huimin , Fan Haolong , Zhao Tianyi , Dong Mei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disease with a high disability rate. Modern molecular biology techniques have identified a number of key genes and diagnostic markers to MS, but the etiology and pathogenesis of MS remain unknown.

Results
In this study, the integration of three peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) microarray datasets and one peripheral blood T cells microarray dataset allowed comprehensive network and pathway analyses of the biological functions of MS-related genes. Differential expression analysis identified 78 significantly aberrantly expressed genes in MS, and further functional enrichment analysis showed that these genes were associated with innate immune response-activating signal transduction (p = 0.0017), neutrophil mediated immunity (p = 0.002), positive regulation of innate immune response (p = 0.004), IL-17 signaling pathway (p < 0.035) and other immune-related signaling pathways. In addition, a network of MS-specific protein–protein interactions (PPI) was constructed based on differential genes. Subsequent analysis of network topology properties identified the up-regulated CXCR4, ITGAM, ACTB, RHOA, RPS27A, UBA52, and RPL8 genes as the hub genes of the network, and they were also potential biomarkers of MS through Rap1 signaling pathway or leukocyte transendothelial migration. RT-qPCR results demonstrated that CXCR4 was obviously up-regulated, while ACTB, RHOA, and ITGAM were down-regulated in MS patient PBMC in comparison with normal samples. Finally, support vector machine was employed to establish a diagnostic model of MS with a high prediction performance in internal and external datasets (mean AUC = 0.97) and in different chip platform datasets (AUC = (0.93).

Conclusion
This study provides new understanding for the etiology/pathogenesis of MS, facilitating an early identification and prediction of MS.
Determinants of full childhood immunization among children aged 12–23 months in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis using Demographic and Health Survey Data
Authors: Fenta Setegn Muche , Biresaw Hailegebrael Birhan , Fentaw Kenaw Derebe , Gebremichael Shewayiref Geremew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the highest under-five mortality and low childhood immunization region in the world. Children in Sub-Saharan Africa are 15 times more likely to die than children from high-income countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, more than half of under-five deaths are preventable through immunization. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinant factors of full childhood immunization among children aged 12–23 months in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
Data for the study was drawn from the Demographic and Health Survey of nine sub-Saharan African countries. A total of 21,448 children were included. The two-level mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to identify the individual and community-level factors associated with full childhood immunization

Result
The prevalence of full childhood immunization coverage in sub-Saharan Africa countries was 59.40% (95% CI: 58.70, 60.02). The multilevel logistic regression model revealed that secondary and above maternal education (AOR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.53), health facility delivery (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.63), fathers secondary education and above (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.48), four and above ANC visits (AOR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.30), PNC visit(AOR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.46, 1.65), rich wealth index (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.40), media exposure (AOR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.18), and distance to health facility is not a big problem (AOR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.47) were significantly associated with full childhood immunization.

Conclusion
The full childhood immunization coverage in sub-Saharan Africa was poor with high inequalities. There is a significant variation between SSA countries in full childhood immunization. Therefore, public health programs targeting uneducated mothers and fathers, rural mothers, poor households, and those who have not used maternal health care services to promote full childhood immunization to improve child health. By enhancing institutional delivery, antenatal care visits and maternal tetanus immunization, the government and other stakeholders should work properly to increase child immunization coverage. Furthermore, policies and programs aimed at addressing cluster variations in childhood immunization need to be formulated and their implementation must be strongly pursued.
COVID-19 Life Events-Anxiety Inventory (C-19LAI): development, reliability, and validity study on Egyptian population
Authors: Madkor Omaima Refat Elsayed , Elsorady Khalid E. , Abdelhady Dina H. , AbdulJawad Passant , Aly El Gabry Dina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 Life Events-Anxiety Inventory (C-19LAI) is a newly developed tool and the only Arabic tool for assessing and measuring anxiety related to different life events during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to test the validity and reliability of this newly designed tool. We used a cross sectional validation multiphasic study and applied the tool on 500 subjects together with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

Results
The COVID-19 Life Events-Anxiety Inventory (C-19LAI) showed validity of 73.6% and sensitivity of 85.2%, with acceptable reliability of α = 0.815 and 0.947, respectively. The Life Events Scale and Anxiety Scale of the C-19LAI correlated significantly (p ≤ 0.01) with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (r = 0.289 and r = 0.407, respectively).

Conclusion
The COVID-19 Life Events-Anxiety Inventory (C-19LAI) Scale is a reliable and valid scale that can measure anxiety and events related to anxiety during the COVID 19 pandemic.