bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global prevalence of osteoporosis among the world older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Salari Nader , Darvishi Niloofar , Bartina Yalda , Larti Mojdeh , Kiaei Aliakbar , Hemmati Mahvan , Shohaimi Shamarina , Mohammadi Masoud 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Osteoporosis is one of the most common bone system diseases that is associated with an increased risk of bone fractures and causes many complications for patients. With age, the prevalence of this disease increases so that it has become a serious problem among the elders. In this study, the prevalence of osteoporosis among elders around the world is examined to gain an understanding of its prevalence pattern.

Methods
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, articles that have focused on prevalence of osteoporosis in the world’s elders were searched with these key words, such as Prevalence, Osteoporosis, Elders, Older adult in the Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (WoS) databases and Google Scholar search engine, and extracted without time limit until March 2020 and transferred to information management software (EndNote). Then, duplicate studies were eliminated and the remaining studies were evaluated in terms of screening, competence and qualitative evaluation based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2) and Begg and Mazumdar test was used to check the publication bias and I2 test was used to check the heterogeneity.

Results
In a review of 40 studies (31 studies related to Asia, 5 studies related to Europe and 4 studies related to America) with a total sample size of 79,127 people, the prevalence of osteoporosis in the elders of the world; 21.7% (95% confidence interval: 18.8–25%) and the overall prevalence of osteoporosis in older men and women in the world, 35.3% (95% confidence interval: 27.9–43.4%), 12.5% (95% confidence interval: 9.3–16.7%) was reported. Also, the highest prevalence of osteoporosis in the elders was reported in Asia with; 24.3% (95% confidence interval: 20.9–28.1%).

Conclusion
The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of osteoporosis in the elders and especially elders' women is very high. Osteoporosis was once thought to be an inseparable part of elders’ lives. Nowadays, Osteoporosis can be prevented due to significant scientific advances in its causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Regarding the growing number of elderly people in the world, it is necessary for health policy-makers to think of measures to prevent and treat osteoporosis among the elders.
Sex and the streets: the open secret of sexual abuse among Pakistan’s two million street children
Authors: Sohail Amir Humza , Maan Muhammad Hassaan Arif , Sohail Sachal 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
About two million children live on the streets in Pakistan. Their complicated past and dire living conditions make them susceptible to many psychological and physical problems, including sexual abuse.

Main body
With little research on the topic, the prevalence of sexual intercourse among street children is reported to be as high as 88% in Pakistan. With commercial sex a common practice among the street children, public places such as bus terminals and parks have become foci of prostitution and sexual exploitation. A growing concern is the spread of HIV/AIDS among the affected children due to a general lack of awareness about the disease and its prevention and high prevalence of unsafe sexual practices. The generally apathetic attitude of the society towards this issue and the affected children, combined with a lack of commitment and limited resource allocation by the government, has contributed in deteriorating the situation further.

Conclusions
A comprehensive multi-pronged strategy involving government, societal and international stakeholders is crucial to tackle the current crisis.
Pressure dressings versus nonpressure dressings after hemorrhoidectomy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xue Ping , Wu Jing , Zhu Ping , Wang Dan , Xu Mei , Zhang Yi , Lu Guanmao , Chen Quanyi , Zhang Qin , Tang Renjin , Fang Jinbo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Pressure dressings have been used after open hemorrhoidectomy to protect surgical wounds and manage postoperative bleeding for many years. However, pressure dressings may increase the incidence of postoperative complications, such as urinary retention, medical adhesive-related skin injury, and pain. A previous controlled trial included 67 patients who underwent Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy. The data indicated that the use of a nonpressure dressing after hemorrhoidectomy reduces the incidence of urinary retention and catheterization. However, the incidence of severe postoperative bleeding and other postoperative complications was not assessed. There is no consensus on whether it is necessary and beneficial to use a nonpressure dressing after hemorrhoidectomy. The results of this randomized clinical study will help answer this question.

Methods
In this study, we plan to include 186 patients who have undergone modified Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy, which only sutured external hemorrhoids to reduce the risk of bleeding. The purpose is to determine whether the use of nonpressure dressings after open hemorrhoidectomy is inferior to the use of pressure dressings in terms of severe postoperative bleeding and postoperative complications. The primary endpoints of the trial are the incidence of urinary retention within 24 h after surgery and the incidence of severe postoperative bleeding 1 h after dressing removal, which requires revision surgery within 24 h after the surgery. The secondary endpoints of the study are the pain score, anal distension score, postoperative use of analgesics, and incidence of medical adhesive-related skin injury, all of which will be assessed before removing the dressings. The length of hospitalization in days and hospitalization expenses will be recorded. Safety will be assessed with consideration of all adverse and severe adverse events related to the study treatment.

Discussion
The study received full ethics committee approval. The first patient was enrolled on 27 November 2020. The results of this trial will finally answer the question of whether a nonpressure dressing after open hemorrhoidectomy is necessary and beneficial.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000040283. Registered on 28 November 2020.
Dexmedetomidine vs. lidocaine for postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing craniotomy: a protocol for a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Bao Di , Chi Dongmei , Li Lu , Liu Bin , Zhang Di , Qiao Lanxin , Liang Yi , Wang Yaxin , Jin Xu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Postoperative pain is a common problem that occurs in pediatric patients following neurosurgery which may lead to severe complications. Dexmedetomidine is a commonly used adjuvant medicine in craniotomy owing to its sedative, amnestic, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties. Besides, studies suggest that lidocaine has similar effects on sedation, analgesia, and neuroprotection. Both two adjuvants can reduce postoperative pain after neurosurgery in adults. However, it is still unknown whether dexmedetomidine or lidocaine can reduce postoperative pain in children undergoing craniotomy, and if yes, which is a better medicine choice. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine vs. lidocaine on postoperative pain in pediatric patients after craniotomy.

Methods/design
We will perform a randomized (1:1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center trial. Children aged 1–12 years scheduled for craniotomy will be eligible for inclusion. The 255 recruited participants will be stratified by age in two strata (1–6 years and 7–12 years), and then each stratum will be equally randomized to three groups: group D (infusion of dexmedetomidine [intervention group]), group L (infusion of lidocaine [intervention group]), and group C (infusion of normal saline [control group]). Patients will be followed up at 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 24 h, and 48 h after surgery. The primary outcome will be total sufentanil consumption within 24 h after surgery.

Discussion
In this clinical trial, we expect to clarify and compare the postoperative analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine vs. lidocaine infusion on pediatric patients undergoing craniotomy. We believe that the results of this trial will provide more choices for postoperative analgesia for the pediatric population.

Trial registration
Chinese ClinicalTrials.gov ChiCTR1800019411. Registered on 10 November 2018
Effects of naringenin supplementation in overweight/obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: study protocol for a randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Naeini Fatemeh , Namkhah Zahra , Tutunchi Helda , Rezayat Seyed Mahdi , Mansouri Siavash , Jazayeri-Tehrani Seyed Ali , Yaseri Mehdi , Hosseinzadeh-Attar Mohammad Javad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. Flavonoids, a group of natural compounds, have garnered a great deal of attention in the management of NAFLD because of their profitable effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress which are the pivotal pathophysiological pathways in NAFLD. Naringenin is a citrus-derived flavonoid with a broad spectrum of potential biological effects including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may exert protective effects against NAFLD. The present clinical trial aims to examine the efficacy of naringenin supplementation on plasma adiponectin and neurogulin-4 (NRG-4) concentrations, metabolic parameters, and liver function indices in overweight/obese patients with NAFLD.

Methods and analysis
This is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study that will investigate the impacts of naringenin supplementation in overweight/obese patients with NAFLD. Liver ultrasonography will be applied to diagnose NAFLD. Forty-four eligible overweight/obese subjects with NAFLD will be selected and randomly assigned to receive naringenin capsules or identical placebo (each capsule contains 100 mg of naringenin or cellulose), twice daily for 4 weeks. Participants will be asked to remain on their usual diet and physical activity. Safety of naringenin supplementation was confirmed by the study pharmacist. The primary outcome of this study is changes in adiponectin circulating levels. The secondary outcomes include changes in NRG-4 levels, liver function indices, metabolic parameters, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and hematological parameters. Statistical analysis will be conducted using the SPSS software (version 25), and P value less than 0.05 will be regarded as statistically significant.

Discussion
We hypothesize that naringenin administration may be useful for treating NAFLD by modulating energy balance, glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation through different mechanisms. The current trial will exhibit the effects of naringenin, whether negative or positive, on NAFLD status.

Ethical aspects
The current trial received approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IR.TUMS.MEDICNE.REC.1399.439).

Trial registration
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT201311250155336N12. Registered on 6 June 2020
Endothelial CCR6 expression due to FLI1 deficiency contributes to vasculopathy associated with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Ikawa Tetsuya , Miyagawa Takuya , Fukui Yuki , Toyama Satoshi , Omatsu Jun , Awaji Kentaro , Norimatsu Yuta , Watanabe Yusuke , Yoshizaki Ayumi , Sato Shinichi , Asano Yoshihide 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
We have recently demonstrated that serum CCL20 levels positively correlate with mean pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Considering a proangiogenic effect of CCL20 on endothelial cells via CCR6, the CCL20/CCR6 axis may contribute to the development of SSc vasculopathy. Therefore, we explored this hypothesis using clinical samples, cultured cells, and murine SSc models.

Methods
The expression levels of CCL20 and CCR6 in the skin, mRNA levels of target genes, and the binding of transcription factor FLI1 to the target gene promoter were evaluated by immunostaining, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, respectively. Vascular permeability was evaluated by Evans blue dye injection in bleomycin-treated mice. Angiogenic activity of endothelial cells was assessed by in vitro angiogenesis assay.

Results
CCL20 expression was significantly elevated in dermal fibroblasts of patients with early diffuse cutaneous SSc, while CCR6 was significantly up-regulated in dermal small vessels of SSc patients irrespective of disease subtypes and disease duration. In human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, FLI1 siRNA induced the expression of CCR6, but not CCL20, and FLI1 bound to the CCR6 promoter. Importantly, vascular permeability, a representative SSc-like vascular feature of bleomycin-treated mice, was attenuated by Ccr6 siRNA treatment, and CCR6 siRNA suppressed the angiogenic activity of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells assayed by in vitro tube formation.

Conclusions
The increased expression of endothelial CCR6 due to FLI1 deficiency may contribute to the development of SSc vasculopathy.
The efficacy of intermittent pneumatic compression and negative pressure therapy on muscle function, soreness and serum indices of muscle damage: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wiecha Szczepan , Jarocka Martyna , Wiśniowski Paweł , Cieśliński Maciej , Price Szymon , Makaruk Bartłomiej , Kotowska Jadwiga , Drabarek Dorota , Cieśliński Igor , Sacewicz Tomasz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The study aimed to assess whether intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) and intermittent negative pressure (INP) would attenuate the muscle damaging effects of eccentric exercise.

Methods
Forty-five healthy males were recruited. Immediately post, 24 and 48 h post eccentric exercise consisting of 100 drop jumps, volunteers randomly received 30-min sessions of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC, n = 15) or intermittent negative pressure (INP, n = 15), or sham microcurrent (PT, n = 15). Creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), isokinetic muscle strength, soreness and active flexion of the knee joint were measured after every therapy session.

Results
No significant intergroup differences were observed in biochemical or functional measurements. However, there was an increase in muscle soreness (P < 0.05), CK and LDH activity (P < 0.05), and a reduction in muscle strength (P < 0.05) and range of active knee flexion (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The prescription of IPC and INP did not attenuate the reduction of markers to muscle function or pain perception up to 48 h after muscle damaging exercise. Future research should focus on the potential impact of treatment frequency and duration on muscle recovery.
Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR); The trial registration number: ACTRN12621001294842; date of registration: 24/09/2021.
Lactic acid bacterial bacteriocins and their bioactive properties against food-associated antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Authors: Imade Emmanuel Edoghogho , Omonigho Solomon Esharegoma , Babalola Olubukola Oluranti , Enagbonma Ben Jesuorsemwen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeIncidence of foodborne diseases and growing resistance of pathogens to classical antibiotics is a major concern in the food industry. Consequently, there is increasing demand for safe foods with fewer chemical additives but natural products which are not harmful to the consumers. Bacteriocins, produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is of interest because they are active in a nanomolar range, do not have toxic effects, and are readily available in fermented food products.MethodsIn this research, LAB were isolated fromfufu,gari,kunu,nono, andogiusing De Mann, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar. Cell-free supernatants were prepared from 18-24 h LAB culture grown on MRS broth. Effect of organic acid was eliminated by adjusting the pH of the supernatants to 7.0 with 1M NaOH while the effect of hydrogen peroxide was eliminated by treating with Catalase enzyme. The supernatant was then filter-sterilized using a membrane filtration unit with a 0.2-μm pore size millipore filter and subjected to agar well diffusion assay against foodborne antibiotic-resistant bacteria.ResultA total of 162 isolates were obtained from the food samples. The antimicrobial sensitivity test yielded positive results for 45 LAB isolates againstStaphylococcus aureusATCC 25923 while 52 LAB isolates inhibitedEscherichia coliATCC 25922.On confirmation of the bacteriocinogenic nature of the inhibitory substance, 4 of the LAB isolates displayed a remarkable degree of inhibition toLeuconostoc mesenteroides,Salmonella typhimurium, andBacillus cereus.Agar well diffusion assay was also performed against antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens using the cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained fromLactobacillus fermentumstrain NBRC15885 (Limosilactobacillus fermentum),Lactobacillus fermentumstrain CIP102980 (Limosilactobacillus fermentum),Lactobacillus plantarumstrain JCM1149 (Lactiplantibacillus garii), andLactobacillus natensisstrain LP33 (Companilactobacillus nantensis). The foodborne pathogens exhibited a notable level of resistance to antibiotics, withB. cereusexhibiting a resistance profile of 40%,S. aureus(50%),K. pnuemoniae(70%),E. coli(60%), andS. typhi(40%). The (CFS) was able to inhibit the growth ofB. cereus,Klebsiella pneumonia,S. typhimurium,S. aureus, andE. coli.ConclusionTherefore, it portends that the bacteriocins produced by the LAB isolated from these food products could act as probiotics for effective inhibition of the growth of antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens.
HR-MPF: high-resolution representation network with multi-scale progressive fusion for pulmonary nodule segmentation and classification
Authors: Zhu Ling , Zhu Hongqing , Yang Suyi , Wang Pengyu , Yu Yang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccurate segmentation and classification of pulmonary nodules are of great significance to early detection and diagnosis of lung diseases, which can reduce the risk of developing lung cancer and improve patient survival rate. In this paper, we propose an effective network for pulmonary nodule segmentation and classification at one time based on adversarial training scheme. The segmentation network consists of a High-Resolution network with Multi-scale Progressive Fusion (HR-MPF) and a proposed Progressive Decoding Module (PDM) recovering final pixel-wise prediction results. Specifically, the proposed HR-MPF firstly incorporates boosted module to High-Resolution Network (HRNet) in a progressive feature fusion manner. In this case, feature communication is augmented among all levels in this high-resolution network. Then, downstream classification module would identify benign and malignant pulmonary nodules based on feature map from PDM. In the adversarial training scheme, a discriminator is set to optimize HR-MPF and PDM through back propagation. Meanwhile, a reasonably designed multi-task loss function optimizes performance of segmentation and classification overall. To improve the accuracy of boundary prediction crucial to nodule segmentation, a boundary consistency constraint is designed and incorporated in the segmentation loss function. Experiments on publicly available LUNA16 dataset show that the framework outperforms relevant advanced methods in quantitative evaluation and visual perception.
On strong singular fractional version of the Sturm–Liouville equation
Authors: Shabibi Mehdi , Zada Akbar , Masiha Hashem Parvaneh , Rezapour Shahram 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Sturm–Liouville equation is among the significant differential equations having many applications, and a lot of researchers have studied it. Up to now, different versions of this equation have been reviewed, but one of its most attractive versions is its strong singular version. In this work, we investigate the existence of solutions for the strong singular version of the fractional Sturm–Liouville differential equation with multi-points integral boundary conditions. Also, the continuity depending on coefficients of the initial condition of the equation is examined. An example is proposed to demonstrate our main result.
Geometric modeling of some engineering GBT-Bézier surfaces with shape parameters and their applications
Authors: Maqsood Sidra , Abbas Muhammad , Miura Kenjiro T. , Majeed Abdul , BiBi Samia , Nazir Tahir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study is based on some $C^{1}$

C
1

, $C^{2}$

C
2

, and $C^{3}$

C
3

continuous computer-based surfaces that are modeled by using generalized blended trigonometric Bézier (shortly, GBT-Bézier) curves with shape parameters. Initially, generalized blended trigonometric Bernstein-like (shortly, GBTB) basis functions with two shape parameters are derived in explicit expression which satisfied the basic geometric features of the traditional Bernstein basis functions. Moreover, the GBT-Bézier curves and tensor product GBT-Bézier surfaces with two shape parameters are also presented. All geometric features of the proposed GBT-Bézier curves and surfaces are similar to the traditional Bézier curves and surfaces, but the shape-adjustment is the additional feature that the traditional Bézier curves and surfaces do not hold. Finally, a class of some complex computer-based engineering surfaces via GBT-Bézier curves with shape parameters is presented. In addition, two adjacent GBT-Bézier surfaces segments are connected by higher $C^{2}$

C
2

and $C^{3}$

C
3

continuity constraints than the existing only $C^{1}$

C
1

shape adjustable Bézier surfaces. Some practical examples are provided to show the efficiency of the proposed scheme and to prove it as another powerful way for the construction and modeling of various complex composite computer-based engineering surfaces using higher-order continuities.
An analysis on the controllability and stability to some fractional delay dynamical systems on time scales with impulsive effects
Authors: Pervaiz Bakhtawar , Zada Akbar , Etemad Sina , Rezapour Shahram 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, we establish a new class of mixed integral fractional delay dynamic systems with impulsive effects on time scales. We investigate the qualitative properties of the considered systems. In fact, the article contains three segments, and the first segment is devoted to investigating the existence and uniqueness results. In the second segment, we study the stability analysis, while the third segment is devoted to investigating the controllability criterion. We use the Leray–Schauder and Banach fixed point theorems to prove our results. Moreover, the obtained results are examined with the help of an example.
A parallel Tseng’s splitting method for solving common variational inclusion applied to signal recovery problems
Authors: Suparatulatorn Raweerote , Cholamjiak Watcharaporn , Gibali Aviv , Mouktonglang Thanasak 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work we propose an accelerated algorithm that combines various techniques, such as inertial proximal algorithms, Tseng’s splitting algorithm, and more, for solving the common variational inclusion problem in real Hilbert spaces. We establish a strong convergence theorem of the algorithm under standard and suitable assumptions and illustrate the applicability and advantages of the new scheme for signal recovering problem arising in compressed sensing.