bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stellar interferometry for gravitational waves
Authors: Park I.H. , Choi K.-Y. , Hwang J. , Jung S. , Kim D.H. , Kim M.H. , Lee C.-H. , Lee K.H. , Oh S.H. , Park M.-G. , Park S.C. , Pozanenko A. , Rho C.D. , Vedenkin N. , Won E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We propose a new method to detect gravitational waves, based on spatial coherence interferometry
with stellar light, as opposed to the conventional temporal coherence interferometry with laser
sources. The proposed method detects gravitational waves by using two coherent beams
of light from a single distant star measured at separate space-based
detectors with a long baseline. This method can be applied to either the amplitude
or intensity interferometry. This experiment allows for the search of gravitational
waves in the lower frequency range of 10-6 to 10-4 Hz. In this work, we present the
detection sensitivity of the proposed stellar interferometer by
taking the detector response and shot and acceleration noises into account.
Furthermore, the proposed experimental setup is capable of searching for
primordial black holes and studying the size of the target neutron star, which
are also discussed in the paper.
A new way to test the Cosmological Principle: measuring our peculiar velocity and the large-scale anisotropy independently
Authors: Nadolny Tobias , Durrer Ruth , Kunz Martin , Padmanabhan Hamsa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present a novel approach to disentangle two key contributions to the largest-scale anisotropy of the galaxy distribution: (i) the intrinsic dipole due to clustering and anisotropic geometry, and (ii) the kinematic dipole due to our peculiar velocity. Including the redshift and angular size of galaxies, in addition to their fluxes and positions allows us to measure both the direction and amplitude of our velocity independently of the intrinsic dipole of the source distribution.
We find that this new approach applied to future galaxy surveys (LSST and Euclid) and a SKA radio continuum survey will allow to measure our velocity (β = v/c) with a relative error in the amplitude σ(β)/β ∼ (1.3–4.5)% and in direction, θβ ∼ 0.9°–3.9°, well beyond what can be achieved
when analysing only the number count dipole.
We also find that galaxy surveys are able to measure the intrinsic large-scale anisotropy with a relative uncertainty of ≲5% (measurement error, not including cosmic variance).
Our method enables two simultaneous tests of the Cosmological Principle: comparing the observations of our peculiar velocity with the CMB dipole, and testing for a significant intrinsic anisotropy on large scales which would indicate effects beyond the standard cosmological model.
Multi-wavelength spectroscopic probes: prospects for primordial non-Gaussianity and relativistic effects
Authors: Viljoen Jan-Albert , Fonseca José , Maartens Roy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Next-generation cosmological surveys will observe larger cosmic volumes than ever before, enabling us to access information on the primordial Universe, as well as on relativistic effects. We consider forthcoming 21cm intensity mapping surveys (SKAO) and optical galaxy surveys (DESI and Euclid), combining the information via multi-tracer cross-correlations that suppress cosmic variance on ultra-large scales.
In order to fully incorporate wide-angle effects and redshift-bin cross-correlations, together with lensing magnification and other relativistic effects, we use the angular power spectra, Cℓ
(zi
,zj
). Applying a Fisher analysis, we forecast the expected precision on f
NL and the detectability of lensing and other relativistic effects. We find that the full combination of two pairs of 21cm and galaxy surveys, one pair at low redshift and one at high redshift, could deliver σ(f
NL) ∼ 1.5, detect the Doppler effect with a signal-to-noise ratio ∼8 and measure the lensing convergence contribution at ∼2% precision. In a companion paper, we show that the best-fit values of f
NL and of standard cosmological parameters are significantly biased if the lensing contribution neglected.
Warming up cold inflation
Authors: DeRocco William , Graham Peter W. , Kalia Saarik 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The axion is a well-motivated candidate for the inflaton, as the radiative corrections that spoil many single-field models are avoided by virtue of its shift symmetry. However, axions generically couple to gauge sectors.
As the axion slow-rolls during inflation, this coupling can cause the production of a non-diluting thermal bath, a situation known as “warm inflation”. This thermal bath can dramatically alter inflationary dynamics and observable predictions.
In this paper, we demonstrate that a thermal bath can form for a wide variety of initial conditions.
Furthermore, we find that axion inflation becomes warm over a large range of couplings, and explicitly map the parameter space for two axion inflation potentials.
We show that in large regions of parameter space, axion inflation models once assumed to be safely “cold” are in fact warm, and must be reevaluated in this context.
High-NA optical edge detection via optimized multilayer films
Authors: Xue Wenjin , Miller Owen D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There has been a significant effort to design nanophotonic structures that process images at the speed of light. A prototypical example is in edge detection, where photonic-crystal-, metasurface-, and plasmon-based designs have been proposed and in some cases experimentally demonstrated. In this work, we show that multilayer optical interference coatings can achieve visible-frequency edge detection in transmission with high numerical aperture, two-dimensional image formation, and straightforward fabrication techniques, unique among all nanophotonic approaches. We show that the conventional Laplacian-based transmission spectrum may not be ideal once the scattering physics of real designs is considered, and show that better performance can be attained with alternative spatial filter functions. Our designs, comprising alternating layers of Si and SiO2 with total thicknesses of only

≈

1

μ

m

, demonstrate the possibility for optimized multilayer films to achieve state-of-the-art edge detection, and, more broadly, analog optical implementations of linear operators.
Faradaic efficiency in protonic-ceramic electrolysis cells
Authors: Zhu Huayang , Ricote Sandrine , Kee Robert J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Proton-conducting ceramics (e.g. doped barium zirconates or cerates) are typically mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIECs). The electronic conduction, typically in the form of positively charged small polarons or electron holes, leads to ‘electronic leakage.’ In an ideal steam-electrolysis cell, one gas-phase H2 molecule is produced from every two electrons delivered from an external power source. In other words, such ideal behavior achieves 100% faradaic efficiency. However, the electronic flux associated with MIEC membranes contributes to reduced faradaic efficiency. The present paper develops a model that predicts the behavior of faradaic efficiency as a function of electrolysis-cell operating conditions. Although the model framework is more general, the paper focuses on the behavior of a cell based upon a BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.1Yb0.1O

3
−
δ

(BCZYYb) membrane. The study predicts the effects of operating conditions, including temperature, pressure, and gas compositions.
Damage location sensing in carbon fiber composites using extrusion printed electronics
Authors: Idris Mohamad Kannan , Naderi Paria , Melenka Garrett W , Grau Gerd 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) uses sensors in advanced engineering structures to evaluate integrity and detect damage or deformation affecting structural performance, e.g. cracks, holes, or corrosion. Carbon fiber (CF) textile composites are commonly used to reinforce structures such as aircraft, vehicles, or bridges due to their high tensile strength to weight ratio, chemical resistance, and thermal and electrical conductivity. Printing electronics on textiles is a scalable manufacturing technology combining the physical properties of textile materials with the added functionality of electronic elements making them self-sensing. Extrusion printing is a contactless digital printing method to print electrical conductors and passive circuit elements. This paper proposes to combine conventional CF composite manufacturing processes with printed conductors to create self-sensing CF textile composites. Damage is sensed by measuring resistance changes in a CF sheet. Contacts are extrusion printed directly on woven CF sheets using silver flake ink. A multiplexed Kelvin Double Bridge circuit is the read-out interface. This allows small resistance changes due to damage to be measured in a four-point configuration. The circuit is connected to the printed contacts on the CF sheet through multiplexers to detect damage in different locations. This 2D digital sensor can detect the location and size of damage holes for SHM. The resolution of the sensor is controlled by the location and spacing of the silver electrodes, which were studied experimentally and by simulation. The resolution is 26 mm in the current direction and 16 mm in the orthogonal direction. The threshold of detectable damage is 4 mm2. Simulation of the sensor as an isotropic 2D conductor shows good agreement with experimental results for the orthotropic fabric. The resultant sensing device could be integrated into many composite structures as one of its layers or simply printed on the surface to create smart structures.
Critical Digital Archives: A Review from Archival Studies
Authors: Carbajal Itza A. , Caswell Michelle 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Given the blurring of boundaries between historians and archivists in the digital realm, this article urges historians to pay more attention to discussions surrounding digital records and archival practices emerging from critical archival studies. More specifically, this article identifies and summarizes seven key themes and corresponding debates about digital records in contemporary archival studies scholarship: (1) materiality, (2) appraisal, (3) context, (4) use, (5) scale, (6) relationships, and (7) sustainability. A deeper knowledge of digital archival theory and practice—how records came to be in digital archives, the infrastructures that maintain them, and the tools necessary to provide access to and context for them—is not ancillary to historical work, but provides important context to do digital history better.
Influence of Certification on a Pathology Laboratory Professional’s Career Mobility
Authors: Chiou Paul Z , Jia Yuane 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Competency in managing laboratory careers is important for retaining and ensuring a well-trained laboratory workforce. The objective of this study was to identify predictors for career advancement in pathology laboratories—specifically, whether the number of certifications obtained affects career mobility beyond what is accounted for with personality, gender, experience, and tenure.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from nonphysician laboratory professionals were collected through a web-based survey tool. These data were examined in the context of a binary logistic regression model to assess how well independent variables predict career advancement.

Results
We included 170 responses in the analysis. According to the statistical model, the odds of career advancement is significant—70% higher for every additional certification a laboratory profession obtains (P = .018), with other predictors being equal. Moreover, technologists with an outgoing personality (ie, extroverts) are 178% more likely to be promoted from entry-level positions than are introverts (P = .045), all else being equal. The number of years the employee has been with the laboratory (tenure) also contributes significantly to promotion (P = .012). Surprisingly, gender and industry experience do not contribute significantly to laboratory mobility and advancement, after accounting for the other variables.

Conclusions
Laboratories should provide incentives for obtaining certifications as a way to improve quality and retain workforce talent.
Local linear graphon estimation using covariates
Authors: Chandna S , Olhede S C , Wolfe P J 
Published: November 2021

Summary
We consider local linear estimation of the graphon function, which determines probabilities of pairwise edges between nodes in an unlabelled network. Real-world networks are typically characterized by node heterogeneity, with different nodes exhibiting different degrees of interaction. Existing approaches to graphon estimation are limited to local constant approximations, and are not designed to estimate heterogeneity across the full network. In this paper, we show how continuous node covariates can be employed to estimate heterogeneity in the network via a local linear graphon estimator. We derive the bias and variance of an oracle-based local linear graphon estimator, and thus obtain the mean integrated squared error optimal bandwidth rule. We also provide a plug-in bandwidth selection procedure that makes local linear estimation for unlabelled networks practically feasible. The finite-sample performance of our approach is investigated in a simulation study, and the method is applied to a school friendship network and an email network to illustrate its advantages over existing methods.
Direct neural evidence for the contrastive roles of the complementary learning systems in adult acquisition of native vocabulary
Authors: Gore Katherine R , Woollams Anna M , Bruehl Stefanie , Halai Ajay D , Lambon Ralph Matthew A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Complementary Learning Systems (CLS) theory provides a powerful framework for considering the acquisition, consolidation, and generalization of new knowledge. We tested this proposed neural division of labor in adults through an investigation of the consolidation and long-term retention of newly learned native vocabulary with post-learning functional neuroimaging. Newly learned items were compared with two conditions: 1) previously known items to highlight the similarities and differences with established vocabulary and 2) unknown/untrained items to provide a control for non-specific perceptual and motor speech output. Consistent with the CLS, retrieval of newly learned items was supported by a combination of regions associated with episodic memory (including left hippocampus) and the language-semantic areas that support established vocabulary (left inferior frontal gyrus and left anterior temporal lobe). Furthermore, there was a shifting division of labor across these two networks in line with the items’ consolidation status; faster naming was associated with more activation of language-semantic areas and lesser activation of episodic memory regions. Hippocampal activity during naming predicted more than half the variation in naming retention 6 months later.
PDK1 regulates the lengthening of G1 phase to balance RGC proliferation and differentiation during cortical neurogenesis
Authors: Han Xiaoning , Wei Yongjie , Ba Ru , Sun Lijuan , Zhao Chunjie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
During cortical development, the balance between progenitor self-renewal and neurogenesis is critical for determining the size/morphology of the cortex. A fundamental feature of the developing cortex is an increase in the length of G1 phase in RGCs over the course of neurogenesis, which is a key determinant of progenitor fate choice. How the G1 length is temporally regulated remains unclear. Here, Pdk1, a member of the AGC kinase family, was conditionally disrupted by crossing an Emx1-Cre mouse line with a Pdk1fl/fl line. The loss of Pdk1 led to a shorter cell cycle accompanied by increased RGC proliferation specifically at late rather than early/middle neurogenic stages, which was attributed to impaired lengthening of G1 phase. Coincidently, apical-to-basal interkinetic nuclear migration was accelerated in Pdk1 cKO cortices. Consequently, we detected an increased neuronal output at P0. We further showed the significant upregulation of the cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 and its activator Myc in the cKO cortices relative to those of control animals. Overall, we have identified a novel role for PDK1 in cortical neurogenesis. PDK1 functions as an upstream regulator of the Myc-cyclin D1 pathway to control the lengthening of G1 phase and the balance between RGC proliferation and differentiation.
Association of plasma interleukin-6 with infarct size, reperfusion injury, and adverse remodelling after ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Tiller Christina , Reindl Martin , Holzknecht Magdalena , Lechner Ivan , Schwaiger Johannes , Brenner Christoph , Mayr Agnes , Klug Gert , Bauer Axel , Metzler Bernhard , Reinstadler Sebastian J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
Little is known about the clinical relevance of interleukin (IL)-6 in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study examined the possible associations of plasma IL-6 concentrations with infarct size (IS), reperfusion injury and adverse left ventricular remodelling (LVR), in STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and results
We prospectively included 170 consecutive STEMI patients (median age 57 years, 14% women) treated with primary PCI between 2017 and 2019. Blood samples for biomarker analyses including IL-6 were collected on Day 2. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), IS, and reperfusion injury [microvascular obstruction (MVO) and intramyocardial haemorrhage (IMH)] were determined using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging on Day 4. Left ventricular remodelling was defined as ≥10% increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume from baseline to 4 months CMR follow-up. Patients with IL-6 concentrations ≥median (17 ng/L) showed a significantly lower LVEF (43% vs. 52%, P &lt; 0.001), larger IS (22% vs. 13%, P &lt; 0.001), larger MVO (1.9% vs. 0.0%, P &lt; 0.001), and more frequent IMH (52% vs. 18%, P &lt; 0.001). Left ventricular remodelling was more common in patients with IL-6 ≥ median (24% vs. 9%, P = 0.005). In both linear and binary multivariable regression analyses, IL-6 remained independently associated with lower LVEF [odds ratio (OR): 0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02–0.42, P = 0.002], larger IS (OR: 5.29, 95% CI 1.52–18.40, P = 0.009), larger MVO (OR: 5.20, 95% CI 1.30–20.85, P = 0.020), with presence of IMH (OR: 3.73, 95% CI 1.27–10.99, P = 0.017), and adverse LVR (OR: 2.72, 95% 1.06–6.98, P = 0.038).

Conclusions
High concentrations of circulating plasma IL-6 on Day 2 after STEMI were independently associated with worse myocardial function, larger infarct extent, more severe reperfusion injury, and a higher likelihood for LVR, suggesting IL-6 as a useful biomarker of more serious outcome and potential therapeutic target.

Clinical Trial Registration
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04113356;NCT04113356.
Prognostic relevance of magnesium alterations in patients with a myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction: insights from the EPHESUS trial
Authors: Martens Pieter , Ferreira João Pedro , Vincent John , Abreu Paula , Busselen Martijn , Mullens Wilfried , Tang Wai Hong Wilson , Böhm Michael , Pitt Bertram , Zannad Faiez , Rossignol Patrick 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
Magnesium changes are common in myocardial infarction (MI) complicated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and/or heart failure (HF). The relation between serum magnesium and clinical outcomes is insufficiently elucidated in this population.

Methods and results
The EPHESUS trial randomized 6632 patients to either eplerenone or placebo. Hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia were defined as a serum magnesium &lt;0.66 and &gt;1.10 mmol/L, respectively. Linear mixed models and time-dependent Cox regression analysis were used to determine the effect of eplerenone on magnesium changes and the prognostic importance of magnesium. The co-primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and a composite of cardiovascular (CV) mortality and CV hospitalization. A total of 5371 patients had a post-baseline magnesium measurement. At baseline, 231 (4.3%) patients had hypomagnesemia and 271 (5.0%) patients had hypermagnesemia. During a median follow-up of 16 months, 682 (13%) developed hypomagnesemia and 512 (9.5%) hypermagnesemia. Eplerenone treatment did not result in a different magnesium level during follow-up (P = 0.14). After covariate adjustment hypo- and hypermagnesemia were not associated with a higher risk of CV events. Magnesium levels did not modulate the effect of a high potassium (&gt;5 mmol/L) or low potassium (&lt;4 mmol/L) on the clinical outcome. Baseline magnesium levels did not influence the treatment effect of eplerenone (P-interaction &gt; 0.1 for all primary and secondary endpoints).

Conclusion
In patients with MI complicated by LVSD or HF, magnesium alterations were not associated with clinical outcomes nor did they influence the effect of eplerenone. Serum magnesium did not modulate the effect of potassium changes on clinical outcome or the treatment effect of eplerenone.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier
NCT00232180.
Bone turnover markers in gingival crevicular fluid and blood serum of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances
Authors: Kloukos Dimitrios , Mavrogonatou Eleni , Kletsas Dimitris , Makras Polyzois , Koukos George , Stavropoulos Andreas , Katsaros Christos 
Published: November 2021

SummaryAimBone remodelling can be followed through the bone turnover markers (BTMs). Aim of the present study was to record the fluctuation of an osteoclastic and an osteoblastic BTM [C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and N-terminal pro-peptide of type I pro-collagen (PINP), respectively] in both the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the serum of orthodontic patients before and after the initial application of orthodontic forces.Materials and methodsTwenty-one Caucasian patients were prospectively evaluated. GCF and blood samples were collected in order to measure the selected biomarkers by ELISA at three time-points: exactly before, 5 days, and 14 days after bonding of the appliances. Standardized sample handling and patient preparation procedures were adopted in order to reduce pre-analytical variability.ResultsGCF and serum CTX levels were found to be independent of age, although higher in the serum of female subjects. PINP levels were found higher in the serum of patients ≥25 years old, as well as in the GCF of males. A positive correlation between serum and GCF baseline PINP levels was observed.LimitationsThe effect of orthodontic treatment on bone remodelling might not be absolutely representative of the local bone microenvironment as the levels of the specific BTMs where measured within the GCF of the lower front teeth.ConclusionsThis is the first time PINP and CTX have been evaluated in the GCF and serum of orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. No statistically significant alterations of CTX and PINP levels in the GCF and the serum of patients were recorded over time during the initial stages of orthodontic treatment.