bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subtalar arthroereisis for the treatment of the symptomatic paediatric flexible pes planus: a systematic review
Authors: Smith Christian , Zaidi Razi , Bhamra Jagmeet , Bridgens Anna , Wek Caesar , Kokkinakis Michail 
Published: February 2021

Subtalar arthroereisis has a controversial history and has previously been associated with high failure rates and excessive complications. A database search for outcomes of arthroereisis for the treatment of symptomatic paediatric flexible pes planus provided 24 articles which were included in this review, with a total of 2550 feet operated on. Post-operative patient-reported outcome measures recorded marked improvement. Patient satisfaction was reported as excellent in 79.9%, and poor in 5.3%. All radiological measurements demonstrated improvement towards the normal range following arthroereisis, as did hindfoot valgus, supination, dorsiflexion and Viladot grade. Complications were reported in 7.1% of cases, with a reoperation rate of 3.1%. Arthroereisis as a treatment for symptomatic paediatric flexible pes planus produces favourable outcomes and high patient satisfaction rates with a reasonable risk profile. There is still a great deal of negativity and literature highlighting the complications and failures of arthroereisis, especially for older implants. The biggest flaws in the collective literature are the lack of high-quality prospective studies, a paucity of long-term data and the heterogeneity of utilized outcome measures between studies. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:118-129. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200076
The effect of three-dimensional (3D) printing on quantitative and qualitative outcomes in paediatric orthopaedic osteotomies: a systematic review
Authors: Raza Mohsen , Murphy Daniel , Gelfer Yael 
Published: February 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is increasingly being utilized in various surgical specialities. In paediatric orthopaedics it has been applied in the pre-operative and intra-operative stages, allowing complex deformities to be replicated and patient-specific instrumentation to be used. This systematic review analyses the literature on the effect of 3D printing on paediatric orthopaedic osteotomy outcomes. A systematic review of several databases was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies evaluating the use of 3D printing technology in orthopaedic osteotomy procedures in children (aged ≤ 16 years) were included. Spinal and bone tumour surgery were excluded. Data extracted included demographics, disease pathology, target bone, type of technology, imaging modality used, qualitative/quantitative outcomes and follow-up. Articles were further categorized as either ‘pre-operative’ or ‘intra-operative’ applications of the technology. Twenty-two articles fitting the inclusion criteria were included. The reported studies included 212 patients. There were five articles of level of evidence 3 and 17 level 4. A large variety of outcomes were reported with the most commonly used being operating time, fluoroscopic exposure and intra-operative blood loss. A significant difference in operative time, fluoroscopic exposure, blood loss and angular correction was found in the ‘intra-operative’ application group. No significant difference was found in the ‘pre-operative’ category. Despite a relatively low evidence base pool of studies, our aggregate data demonstrate a benefit of 3D printing technology in various deformity correction applications, especially when used in the ‘intra-operative’ setting. Further research including paediatric-specific core outcomes is required to determine the potential benefit of this novel addition. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:130-138. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200092
Dislocation of rotating-hinge total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Encinas-Ullán Carlos A. , Gómez-Cardero Primitivo , Ruiz-Pérez Juan S. , Rodríguez-Merchán E. Carlos 
Published: February 2021

The number of rotating-hinge total knee arthroplasties (RH-TKAs) is increasing. As a result, the number of complications related to these procedures will also increase. RH-TKAs have the theoretical advantage of reducing bone implant stresses and early aseptic loosening. However, these implants also have complication rates that cannot be ignored. If complications occur, the options for revision of these implants are limited. Dislocation of RH-TKAs is rare, with an incidence between 0.7% and 4.4%. If it occurs, this complication must be accurately diagnosed and treated quickly due to the high incidence of neurovascular complications. If the circulatory and neurological systems are not properly assessed or if treatment is delayed, limb ischemia, soft tissue death, and the need for amputation can occur. Dislocation of a RH-TKA is often a difficult problem to treat. A closed reduction should not be attempted, because it is unlikely to be satisfactory. In addition, in patients with dislocation of a RH-TKA, the possibility of component failure or breakage must be considered. Open reduction of the dislocation should be performed urgently, and provision should be made for revision (that is, the necessary instrumentation should be available) of the RH-TKA, if it proves necessary. The mobile part that allows rotation can have various shapes and lengths. This variance in design could explain why the reported outcomes vary and why there is a probability of tibiofemoral dislocation. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:107-112. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200093
February 2021 Imaging Case of the Month: An Indeterminate Solitary Nodule
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ USA, Panse Prasad , Jokerst Clinton , Gotway Michael 
Published: February 2021

No abstract available. Article truncated after first page. Clinical History: A 43 -year-old woman with no past medical history presented to the Emergency Room with complaints of right chest wall pain extending into the right upper quadrant. The patient was a non-smoker, denied any allergies, and was not taking any prescription medications. Physical examination showed the patient to be afebrile with normal heart and respiratory rates and blood pressure = 110/75 mmHg. Her room air oxygen saturation was 99%. The patient’s complete blood count and serum chemistries showed normal values. Her liver function testing and renal function testing parameters were also within normal limits. Which of the following represents an appropriate next step for the patient’s management? 1.	Perform abdominal ultrasound 2.	Perform chest radiography 3.	Perform unenhanced chest CT 4.	More than one of the above 5.	None of the above …
Ultrasound liquid crystal lens with enlarged aperture using traveling waves
Authors: Onaka Jessica , Iwase Takahiro , Fukui Marina , Koyama Daisuke , Matsukawa Mami 
Published: February 2021

A new type of ultrasonically controlled concave liquid crystal lens based on traveling waves (TWs) with a divided electrode structure and an appropriate driving scheme is proposed in this Letter. The lens uses an annular piezoelectric ceramic divided into four parts for four-phase driving and consists of a liquid crystal layer in a sandwich structure between two circular glass substrates. The lens configuration was simulated by finite element analysis using the Ansys software. Here we discuss the use of TWs to expand the lens aperture and clarify the lens’ optical characteristics using a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor. The effective lens aperture using TWs was 4.4 mm, and the focal length was 3.8 m.
Microwave–photonic low-coherence interferometry for dark zone free distributed optical fiber sensing
Authors: Zhu Xuran , Hua Liwei , Lei Jincheng , Tang Jianan , Murdoch Lawrence , Xiao Hai 
Published: February 2021

A microwave–photonic low-coherence interferometry (MPLCI) system is proposed for fully distributed optical fiber sensing. Assisted by an unbalanced Michelson interferometer, a low-coherence laser source is used to interrogate cascaded Fabry–Perot interferometers along with an optical fiber for a dark zone free (or spatially continuous) distributed measurement. By combining the advantages of microwaves and photonics, the MPLCI system can synergistically achieve high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. Our tests have confirmed a strain resolution of 95 n

ε

at the spatial resolution of 10 cm.
Directional THz generation in hot Rb vapor excited to a Rydberg state
Authors: Lam Mark , Pal Sambit B. , Vogt Thibault , Kiffner Martin , Li Wenhui 
Published: February 2021

We optically excite

85

R
b

atoms in a heated vapor cell to a low-lying Rydberg state

10

D

5

/

2

and observe directional terahertz (THz) beams at 3.3 THz and 7.8 THz. These THz fields are generated by amplified spontaneous emission from the

10

D

5

/

2

state to the

11

P

3

/

2

and

8

F

7

/

2

states, respectively. In addition, we observe ultraviolet (UV) light produced by four-wave mixing of optical pump lasers and the 3.3 THz field. We characterize the generated THz power over the detuning and power of pump lasers, and identify experimental conditions favoring THz and UV generation, respectively. Our scheme paves a new pathway towards generating high-power narrowband THz radiation.
Coastal drowning: A scoping review of burden, risk factors, and prevention strategies
Authors: Koon William , Peden Amy , Lawes Jasmin C. , Brander Robert W. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveCoastal drowning is a global public health problem which requires evidence to support safety initiatives. The growing multidisciplinary body of coastal drowning research and associated prevention countermeasures is diverse and has not been characterised as a whole. The objective of this scoping review was to identify key concepts, findings, evidence and research gaps in the coastal drowning literature to guide future research and inform prevention activities.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review to identify peer reviewed studies published before May 2020 reporting either (i) fatal unintentional coastal drowning statistics from non-boating, -disaster or -occupational aetiologies; (ii) risk factors for unintentional fatal coastal drowning; or (iii) coastal drowning prevention strategies. Systematic searches were conducted in six databases, two authors independently screened studies for inclusion and one author extracted data using a standardised data charting form developed by the study team.ResultsOf the 146 included studies, the majority (76.7%) were from high income countries, 87 (59.6%) reported coastal drowning deaths, 61 (41.8%) reported risk factors, and 88 (60.3%) reported prevention strategies. Populations, data sources and coastal water site terminology in the studies varied widely; as did reported risk factors, which most frequently related to demographics such as gender and age. Prevention strategies were commonly based on survey data or expert opinion and primarily focused on education, lifeguards and signage. Few studies (n = 10) evaluated coastal drowning prevention strategies.DiscussionCoastal drowning is an expansive, multidisciplinary field that demands cross-sector collaborative research. Gaps to be addressed in coastal safety research include the lack of research from lower resourced settings, unclear and inconsistent terminology and reporting, and the lack of evaluation for prevention strategies. Advancing coastal drowning science will result in a stronger evidence base from which to design and implement effective countermeasures that ultimately save lives and keep people safe.
Analysis of the Dynamics of Structural Processes in the Context of Ensuring Sustainable Development
Authors: Simkiv Lilia , Shults Svitlana , Lutskiv Olena , Andrusiv Uliana 
Published: February 2021

The tendencies and the extent of structural changes in the economy of the regions of Ukraine in the context of ensuring its sustainable development are examined in the context of the types of economic activity in terms of gross value added (GVA) during 2011-2018. In particular, the rate of change in the share of the structural mass of the economy of the regions that occurred during this period is estimated; the dynamic processes that took place in the structure of the economy of Ukrainian regions are analyzed. The analysis of the mass of structural changes shows their insignificant scale and reduction of the share in the structure of gross value added of such types of economic activity as industry, construction and finance. The estimation of intensity of structural changes by an indicator of average rates of their change shows low and rather differentiated level of intensity of structural changes in the context of types of economic activity. During the analyzed period, the annual average rate of structural changes in Ukraine was 0.131. Based on the calculation of the rate of structural changes, it is proved that structural changes in the economy of Ukraine are quite slow and are characterized by significant interregional differentiation, and the lack of positive dynamics in increasing the speed of structural changes in education is the main obstacle to creating an innovation-oriented model of economic development and reorientation of the structure of the regional economy to the requirements of the post-industrial type to the established concepts and dominants of sustainable development in accordance with EU standards.
Kontribusi Lamun Enhalus acoroides Terhadap Kelimpahan Perifiton Di Perairan Legon Boyo, Karimunjawa
Authors: Hendrayana Hendrayana , Ambariyanto Ambariyanto , Pringgenies Delianis , Mujiyanto Mujiyanto 
Published: February 2021

Kelimpahan perifiton dipengaruhi oleh kerapatan lamun karena pada semakin tinggi kerapatan lamun maka kecepatan arus akan berkurang sehingga dapat meningkatkan laju penempelan perifiton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kerapatan lamun Enhalus acoroides dengan kelimpahan perifiton di Perairan Legon Boyo, Karimunjawa Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni, September dan Desember Tahun 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perifiton yang ditemukan pada lamun Enhalus acoroides di Perairan legon sebanyak 10 jenis dan jenis Baciliarophyceae merupakan jenis perifiton paling banyak ditemukan. Kelimpahan terbesar terjadi di musim peralihan yaitu sebesar 2.146 sel/l. Keanekaragaman jenis perifiton di lamun E. acoroides memiliki nilai antara 0,26-1,43 (Keanekaragaman rendah-sedang), keseragaman dengan nilai 3,61-5,82 (keseragaman tinggi) dan dominansi dengan nilai 0,68-1,12 (dominansi sedang-tinggi). Hasil analisis regresi hubungan kerapatan lamun dengan kelimpahan perifiton sebesar 79,13% yang menunjukkan hubungan kuat. Dengan demikian kerapatan lamun berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan perifiton pada lamun. Periphyton abudance is influence by Seagrass densit. The aim of the research was to determaine Enhalus acoroides seagrass density and periphyton abudance correlation in Legon Boyo, Karimunjawa waters. Descriptive method and purposive sampling used in the research. The result show perphyton found as 10 kinds ang Baciliarophyceae clases are most of periphyton found. The most abundant periphyton in the transitional season is 2,146 cells/l. Periphyton species diversity in E.acoroides seagrass has a value between 0.26-1.43 (low-moderate diversity), uniformity with a value of 3.61-5.82 (high uniformity) and dominance with a value of 0.68-1.12 (moderate-high dominance). Correlation relationship with periphyton abundance was 79.13%, which showed a strong relationship. This value show of seagrass density influence periphyton abudance in seagrass.
Analisis Kandungan Agar, Pigmen dan Proksimat Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. pada Reservoir dan Biofilter Tambak Udang Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Yudiati Ervia , Ridlo Ali , Nugroho Annisa Afifah , Sedjati Sri , Maslukah Lilik 
Published: February 2021

Gracllaria sp. merupakan rumput laut yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi karena menghasilkan agar. Agar banyak dimanfaatkan dalam bidang industri maupun pangan. Kualitas Gracilaria sp. ditentukan oleh kadar agar, pigmen serta proksimatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh parameter kualitas media tumbuh Gracilaria sp. terhadap biosintesis agar, klorofil a, karoten dan kadar proksimat (protein, karbohidrat, lemak, abu, dan air). Lokasi pengambilan sampel di reservoir dan biofilter tambak udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Kondisi lingkungan perairan yang diukur adalah kandungan nitrat dan fosfat, suhu air, salinitas, DO (oksigen terlarut), serta pH (Derajat keasaman). Ekstraksi agar dilakukan dengan metode alkali. Karakterisasi agar menggunakan analisis Fourier Transform Infra Red. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan agar (31,4 ± 0,42%) pada reservoir lebih baik dibandingkan biofilter. Begitu pula dengan konsentrasi klorofil a (19,61 ± 0,04 mg/g), karotenoid (7,42 ± 0,21 µmol/g) serta kadar protein (15,38 ± 0,27%). Kadar lemak, karbohidrat, air dan abu pada kedua lokasi tidak berbeda nyata. Hasil karakterisasi agar menujukkan keberadaan gugus galaktosa 3,6-anhydro-L-galaktosa. Gracilaria sp. is well known as to has a high economically value, due to the application of the agar content that is used in various industries especially in food industry. The quality of Gracilaria sp. depends on agar and pigment content as well as proximate analysis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of water quality parameter on Gracilaria sp habitats to agar, chlorophyl a, carotene and proximate analysis (protein, carbohydrate, total lipid, ash, water content). Samples were collected from reservoir and biofilter from Litopenaeus vannamei’s waste pond. Water quality parameter measured were nitrate and phosphate, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH. Agar extraction was done by alkali methods. Agar and its chemical structure were characterized by FT-IR analysis. Results showed that agar content (31.4 ± 0.42%) on reservoir was better than biofilter. Higher results from reservoir samples were also found in chlorophyl a (19.61 ± 0.04 mg/g), carotenoids (7.42 ± 0.21 µmol/g) and protein level (15.38 ± 0.27 %). On the other hand, total lipid, carbohydrate, water and ash content were similar. Based on FT-IR analysis shows that the galactose 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose was present.
The effect of increasing levels of palm kernel meal containing α-β-mannanase replacing maize to growing-finishing hybrid duck on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass trait, and VFA
Authors: Sjofjan O. , Adli D. N. , Natsir M. H. , Nuningtyas Y. F. , Bastomi I. , Amalia F. R. 
Published: February 2021

In this experiment, we investigated the effect of increasing levels of palm kernel meal containing α-β-mannanase replacing maize to growing-finishing hybrid duck on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass trait. One hundred and ninety- six hybrid ducks [(Peking x Khaki Campbell)] with 410.52 ± 95.25 g BW) were allotted to 5 dietary treatments with 9 ducks (unsexed) per pen and 4 replicates per treatments. These dietary treatments were: NC (negative control; maize-soybean-meal based diet), PKM25 (maize replacement with PKM α-β-mannanase 25%), PKM50 (maize replacement with PKM α-β-mannanase 50%), PKM75 (maize replacement with PKM α-β-mannanase 75%), PKM100 (maize replacement with PKM α-β-mannanase 100%). There was a curve linear decrease in the growing phase and finisher phase in feed intake as the level of α-β-mannanase palm kernel meal increased in the diet. Curvilinear, the result was presented no significant difference (P>0.05) on the initial body weight, growing and finishing phase body weight. The result of this study showed the used α-β-mannanase in the palm kernel meal presented a significant difference (P < 0.05) on the nutrient digestibility of dry matter and crude protein. Furthermore, Carcass traits showed the reflection in line with the final weight and internal organs were better to compare to control 0.5% using α-β-mannanase in the palm kernel meal. In summary, the increase of the level of palm kernel meal with α-β-mannanase enzyme was had a positive effect on the hybrid ducks and the replacement of palm kernel meal by 25% with the addition of the α-β-mannanase enzyme was able to improve digestibility and reduce abdominal fat of hybrid ducks.
Crude palm stearin influences the performance, carcass quality and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks
Authors: Khaskheli A. A. , Chou L. 
Published: February 2021

The main objective of the investigation was to observe the growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality, and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks with respect to the dietary crude palm stearin (CPS). The study was conducted on 200 birds and dividing them into two experimental groups viz control and CPS treated group with 10 replications of 10 birds in each. Chicks under the control group were fed basal diet only, however in CPS treated group chicks were fed the basal diet supplemented with 3% CPS. Birds were reared for 42 days and data regarding different parameters of study was recorded. Data were analyzed by student T-test and differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.Results indicated CPS treated group pertaining to lower final body weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed intake, dressing percentage, fillets, thight+drumsticks, and wings percentages. CPS treated group possessed lower liver, spleen, gizzard, and abdominal fat weights. Breast meat holds lower values for shear force, drip loss in CPS treated group, while cooking loss found vice versa. Abdominal fat breast in the meat and thigh skin possessed higher a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values in CPS treated chicks, while breast skin and thigh meat hold lower a* and b* values in CPS treated chicks compared to control. Intestinal villus height, villus area and crypts depth in duodenum found considerably higher in the CPS treated chicks. Jejunum in CPS treated group possessed higher crypt depth but villus height and villus area remained lower. In conclusion, CPS impairs overall growth performance, carcass yield and meat quality but supports the intestinal morphology.
The natural history of 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies in autoimmune Addison’s disease
Authors: Wolff Anette Boe , Breivik Lars , Hufthammer Karl Ove , Grytaas Marianne Aardal , Bratland Eirik , Husebye Eystein Sverre , Oftedal Bergithe Eikeland 
Published: February 2021

Background
The most common cause of primary adrenal failure (Addison’s disease) in the Western world is autoimmunity characterized by autoantibodies against the steroidogenic enzyme 21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2, 21OH). Detection of 21OH-autoantibodies is currently used for aetiological diagnosis, but how levels of 21OH-autoantibodies vary over time is not known.

Setting
Samples from the national Norwegian Addison’s Registry and Biobank established in 1996 (n = 711). Multi-parameter modelling of the course of 21OH-autoantibody indices over time.

Results
21OH-autoantibody positivity is remarkably stable, and >90% of the patients are still positive 30 years after diagnosis. Even though the antibody levels decline with disease duration, it is only rarely that this downturn reaches negativity. 21OH-autoantibody indices are affected by age at diagnosis, sex, type of Addison’s disease (isolated vs autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I or II) and HLA genotype.

Conclusion
21OH-autoantibodies are reliable and robust markers for autoimmune Addison’s disease, linked to HLA risk genotype. However, a negative test in patients with long disease duration does not exclude autoimmune aetiology.