bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Elevation Asymmetry Vector as a Predictor of One-year-averaged Orthokeratology Lens Decentration in Low Astigmats
Authors: Xu Qiong , Wang Kai , Li Yan , Qu Jia , Zhao Mingwei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Significance: This study establishes a novel and practical method for locating orthokeratology lens decentration. The general lens decentration over a one-year period could be partially predicted using the corneal elevation asymmetry vector.Purpose: The predictive ability of the pretreatment corneal elevation asymmetry vector for the average orthokeratology lens decentration in Chinese myopic adolescents with low astigmatism was explored.Methods: Thirty-five myopic participants (35 eyes) were enrolled in this prospective study. The follow-up time was up to one year. Various pretreatment corneal parameters were analyzed to identify potential candidates for lens decentration prediction. An accurate and objective method was developed in MATLAB to calculate the corneal asymmetry vector, which was defined as the sum of the elevation vector at the boundary between the reverse curve and the alignment curve. The program also locates a precise lens decentration vector. The relationship between pretreatment corneal parameters and lens decentration was analyzed using linear regression.Results: Lens decentration stabilized after 1 month. The averaged lens decentration vector was calculated to indicate the general decentration situation after stabilization. The magnitude of the averaged decentration varied from 0.07 mm to 1.35 mm, with 91% measuring less than 1.0 mm. Inferotemporal decentration was the most common type (66%). Among all the pretreatment parameters, only the corneal asymmetry vector significantly correlated with the averaged lens decentration in horizontal coordinates (R=0.374, p=.027). The vertical asymmetry vector was close to significance when correlated with the vertical averaged lens decentration vector (R=0.327, p=.055). The angle of the corneal elevation asymmetry vector significantly contributed to the averaged lens decentration angle (R= 0.344, p= .043).Conclusions: The association between pretreatment corneal elevation asymmetry vector and one-year-averaged orthokeratology lens decentration may assist in fitting and understanding the performance of orthokeratology lenses.
Efficacy of Adenosine versus Verapamil for Management of Supraventricular Tachycardia Post- Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Shokri Hoda , Ali Ihab 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background The aim is to compare the use of adenosine and verapamil for management of postoperative supraventricular tachycardia in terms of time of conversion of SVT to normal sinus rhythm, success rate, hospital stay length and adverse eventsMethods Patients (54–65 years old) received adenosine or verapamil groups. In the adenosine group, patients received IV adenosine 6 mg bolus then wait 2 minutes, if it failed another 12 mg IV of adenosine was administered. In the verapamil group, patients received IV verapamil 5mg bolus slowly over 2 minutes followed by a second IV bolus of 10 mg, 30 minutes after the initial dose in persistent supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). If SVT persisted, the patient was shifted to adenosine. Results Patients were followed up regarding the efficacy of drug, blood pressure, mean time of conversion of SVT (time elapsed from effective dose of the study drug till conversion of SVT to sinus rhythm) and incidence of adverse events were recorded. The efficacy of adenosine was significantly higher than verapamil (P <0.001). The time of conversion of SVT to sinus rhythm was significantly shorter in adenosine group compared with verapamil group (P < 0.001). The incidence of hypotension was comparable between the study groups. The mean arterial blood pressure and the incidence of complications were comparable.Conclusions Intravenous administration of adenosine effectively treat SVT in terms of higher efficacy and shorter time of conversion of SVT to normal sinus rhythm compared with verapamil without any significant difference regarding the incidence of side effects between the study groups.Trial registrationThis study was approved by Medical ethics committee of Ain Shams University approval number FMASU R 62/ 2019). and the protocol was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT 04203368 on December 16, 2019.
In-Silico Analysis of Interacting Pathways Through Kim-1 Protein Interaction in Diabetic Nephropathy:
Authors: Abid Fatima , Rubab Zil e Rubab , Fatima Syeda Sadia , Qureshi Aijaz Ahmed , Azhar Arfa , Jafri Aliya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Human Kidney Injury Molecule-1 also known as HAVCR-1 (Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1) belongs to cell-surface protein of immunoglobulin superfamily involved in phagocytosis by acting as scavenger receptor epithelial cells. The study focused to pinpoint the mechanisms and gene that interact with KIM-1.Methods: This in-silico study was done from March, 2019 to December 2019 .First the Enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network study of the carefully chosen proteins together with diagramed gene data sets was accomplished using FunRich version 3.1.3.it was done to unveil the proteins that may have an effect on the regulation of HAVCR1 or are may be regulated by this protein. These genes were then further considered in pathway analysis to discover the dysregulated pathways in diabetic nephropathy. The long list of differentially expressed genes is meaningless without pathway analysis. Results: Important pathways that are dysregulated in diabetic nephropathy patients are identified including Immune System (Total = 237, P<0.05), Innate Immune System (Total=140, P<0.05), Cytokine Signaling Immune system (Total = 116, P<0.05), Adaptive Immune System (Total =85) and Neutrophil degranulation (Total=78).Conclusion: The top 5 genes that are interacting directly with HIVCR1 include CASP3, CCL2, SPP1, B2M, and TIMP1 with degrees 161, 144, 108, 107, and 105 respectively for Immune system pathways (Innate Immune System, Cytokine Signaling Immune system, Adaptive Immune System and Neutrophil degranulation)
Agreement Analysis of LENSTAR With Other Four Techniques of Biometry Before Cataract Surgery.
Authors: Zhang Jinling , Wang Yong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To test whether some biometry measurements provided by the Lenstar LS900 compared well with the AL-Scan, Pentacam rotating Scheimpflug camera, Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) and Tomey EM-3000. Methods: 201 patients having routine cataract surgery had standard preoperative assessment. In this clinical study, the axis length (AL) and lens thickness (LT) were taken by Lenstar LS900 and AL-Scan; anterior chamber depth (ACD) were taken by Lenstar LS900, A-scan, Pentacam and UBM; central corneal thickness (CCT) were taken by Lenstar LS900, Pentacam and Tomey EM-3000. The results were compared using a Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson correlation calculations. Agreement was assessed through intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots.Results: The highest correlation was found between Lenstar and AL-Scan for AL (r = 0.975; P <0.001). For LT measurements, the correlation between these two devices was also good (r = 0.699; P <0.001). Excellent correlations were showed between Lenstar and pentacam or UBM for ACD (r=0.948, 0.704, respectively; both P <0.001), but AL-scan (r=0.453, P <0.001). According to CCT, correlation between Lenstar and Pentacam or Tomey EM-3000 were both excellent (r=0.817, 0.882, respectively; both P <0.001).Conclusions: In phakic eyes of cataract patients, measurements of AL, LT, ACD, and CCT from Lenstar LS900 yielded results that correlated very well with other clinical instruments.
Late Cretaceous Palynostratigraphy of Subsurface Sediments of Southern Bornu Basin, Nigeria: Implications For Depositional Environments And Palaeoclimate.
Authors: Adepehin Ekundayo Joseph , Oretade Bamidele Samuel , Ola Peter Sunday 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Presented in this study are the findings of a cross-examination of the subsurface stratigraphic successions (1500-4600 m) penetrated by the Gaibu-1 well, Bornu Basin, NE Nigeria to understand the palaeoenvironmental settings and the palaeoclimatic conditions of the sediments. Sedimentological/textural description, lithological identification and palynological analysis were carried out using standard laboratory procedures and wireline (gamma-ray and SP) logs. The sediments consist predominantly of sandstone, siltstone, sandy shale, and shale. The sandstones range from fine-coarse, angular to sub-rounded, moderate to poorly sorted, and are texturally immature. Five (5) stratigraphic sub-divisions; the Bima, the Yolde, the Gongila, the Fika (Upper, Middle and Lower members) and the Gombe formations were identified. The palynozonation enabled four distinctive zones: (i) A (1) Triorites africaensis Assemblage Zone, (ii) A (2) Cretacaeiporites scabratus / Odontochitina costata Assemblage Zone, (iii) A (3) Droseridites senonicus Assemblage Zone, A (4) Syncolporites/Milfordia spp. Assemblage Zone. These suggest the well penetrated Cenomanian – Maastrichtian (younger) successions, interpreted to have been deposited in a series of continental to marginal marine environments. The sediments are characterised by palynofloral assemblages that are indicative of a tropical to subtropical climate condition that is warm and humid, which correspond to the late Cretaceous Palmae Province of Africa – Southern America.
Factors associated with poor self-rated health in primary care in Malawi
Authors: Kasenda Stephen , Meland Eivind , Hetlevik Øystein , Mildestvedt Thomas , Dullie Luckson 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Self-rated health (SRH) is a single-item measure of current health, which is often used in community surveys and has been associated with various objective health outcomes. The prevalence and factors associated with SRH in Sub-Saharan Africa remain largely unknown. This study sought to investigate: (1) the prevalence of poor SRH, (2) possible associations between SRH, and socio-demographic and clinical parameters, and (3) associations between SRH and the patients’ assessment of the quality of primary care. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 primary care facilities in Blantyre, Neno, and Thyolo districts of Malawi among 962 participants who sought care in these facilities. An interviewer-administered questionnaire containing the Malawian primary care assessment tool, and questions on socio-demographic characteristics and self-rated health was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the distribution of variables of interest and binary logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with poor SRH. Results: Poor SRH was associated with female sex, increasing age, decreasing education, frequent health care attendance, and with reported disability. Patients content with the service provided and who reported higher scores of relational continuity from their health care providers reported better SRH as compared with others. Conclusion: This study reports findings from a context where SRH is scarcely examined. The prevalence of poor SRH in Malawi is in line with findings from clinical populations in other countries. The associations between poor SRH and socio-demographic factors are also known from other populations. SRH might be improved by emphasizing continuity of care in primary care services.
Indian Hedgehog release from renal epithelia drives local and remote organ fibrosis
Authors: Ferenbach David , O'Sullivan Eoin , Mylonas Katie , Xin Cuiyan , Carvalho Cyril , Wilflingseder Julia , Willi Michaela , Finnie Sarah , Pisco Angela Oliveira , Henderson Neil , Conway Bryan , Denby Laura , Hughes Jeremy , Bonventre Joseph 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ageing inhibit tissue regeneration and increase risks of organ fibrosis and cardiovascular disease. Increased numbers of leukocytes are present in the circulation and within the kidney of ageing individuals and patients with CKD where they correlate with progressive fibrosis. The involvement of activated leukocytes in progressive renal and systemic fibrosis remains incompletely understood. Here we show that renal leukocyte derived tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) promotes renal and cardiac fibrosis via downstream induction of Indian Hedgehog (IHH). We identify the Ubiquitin D expressing ‘inflammatory’ proximal tubular epithelia (iPT) population responsible for TNFα/NFκB induced IHH production. iPT cells are upregulated in the kidney in experimental murine and human renal disease and ageing. iPT derived IHH activates canonical Hedgehog signalling in Gli1+ stromal cells, inducing their activation, proliferation and fibrosis in the surrounding kidney and in remote organs including the heart. This can be inhibited by selective genetic Ihh deletion from Pax8 expressing renal epithelia, or pharmacological blockade of TNFα, NFκB or Hedgehog signalling. This data connects inflammation to progressive renal and cardiac fibrosis and identifies new targets for anti-fibrotic therapies.
An Introduction to Cognitive Restructuring for COVID-19 Induced Stress in Post-graduate Trainees
Authors: Sabzwari Saniya , Iqbal Rafay 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Healthcare professionals have experienced a wide range of psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontline workers and trainees are particularly vulnerable to such effects. This study aimed to share the experience of Cognitive Restructuring workshops for COVID-19 induced Stress in Post-graduate Trainees, highlighting their stress levels and effect of cognitive behavior therapy intervention in processing and managing stress.Methods: Workshops based on a Cognitive Behavior Therapy model were introduced to trainees at the Aga Khan University Hospital to self-assess stress and identify coping mechanisms. We collected data from the stress scale and workshop responses along with a focus group discussion. We performed item analysis of the stress scale and a documentary analysis of participant responses to assess the effectiveness of this intervention.Results: The majority of the participants had moderate stress. A statistically significant relationship was observed between stress level and perceived helplessness (p value 0.002). The feedback of the workshop was largely positive based on sharing of adverse experiences, developing a different perspective and a newer way of processing feelings; about 10% of the participants did not find this workshop useful. In the focus group discussion, the participants described stress scale to be helpful for stress quantification, ABC tool to be useful with repeated practice and reframing technique to reduce stress over time. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused stress in healthcare workers and impacted professional and personal lives. Interventions like group cognitive behavior therapy can be useful in recognizing and managing stress in trainees and can be incorporated in training programs to build resilience for similar events.
Primary Extra Nodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma in the Gallbladder: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Jiang Ya , Long Shi-Yi , Xu Wen-Mang , Gao Zi-Ran , Pan Xin-Yan , Feng Qiang , Wang Yuan-Yuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Extra nodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is rarely occurred in the gallbladder, and it is generally difficult to diagnose before surgery. Here we present a case of primary ENKTL of gallbladder. Case presentation A 61-year-old female with pain in the right upper abdomen, and Murphy's sign was positive. Ultrasonography showed that a submucosal tumor-like lesion in the neck of the gallbladder, and the gallbladder wall thickness was 0.6cm; there were several high-signal stone shadows. Microscopic examination revealed coagulative necrosis in the lamina propria of the mucosa, the tumor cells were grown diffusely infiltrating, which with medium to large size and inconspicuous or small nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were positively expressed CD3, CD2, CD56, CD43, TIA-1, Perforin, Granzyme-B, and EBER-ISH (-). Based on these findings, the pathological diagnosis was ENKTL of the gallbladder. The patient received CHOP chemotherapy regimens, who has been free of recurrence for 8 months after the surgery. Conclusion In the early stage, histological diagnosis of ENKTL is difficult, and the patient may not have obvious symptoms, for patients with the gallbladder wall thickens and has protrusions, ENKTL should be regarded as one of the differential diagnosis.
Ring Finger Sensory Latency Difference in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Wang Qingping , Chu Hong , Wang Hongyang , Jin Yan , Zhao Xiaoquan , Weng Chao , Lu Zuneng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: To explore the evaluation value of the sensitivity of the median/ulnar nerve sensory latency difference in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome and the evaluation value of severity.Methods: 122 patients with CTS and 42 normal controls were collected from the department of Neurology in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from July 2019 to January 2021. Electrophysiological tests were performed on the CTS patients group and the control group. The distal latency of the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) of the median nerve and the ulnar nerve of the two groups was recorded. According to electrophysiological results，the patients were divided into three grades: mild, moderate and severe, the sensitivity of the nerve sensory action potential distal latency (SDL) to the diagnosis of CTS patients were analyzed, and the relationship with the severity of CTS was analyzed.Results: ①There were significant differences between the median nerve sensory action potential distal latency (MSDL) of 179 affected hands and the control group; And median and ulnar sensory latency difference to ring finger (MUD) was significantly different from the control group; But ulnar nerve sensory action potential distal latency （USDL） was not significantly different from the control group (P=0.182). When the cutoff value of MSDL is 2.465ms, the sensitivity is 85.5% and the specificity is 90.4%; when the cutoff value of MUD is 0.38ms, the sensitivity is 100% and the specificity is 100%. ②In the mild, moderate, severe and control group, there was no significant difference in USDL between all the groups (P=0.56)a; between the control group and the mild group, moderate group, and severe group, and between the mild and moderate, significant differences were found in the MSDL and MUD. No significant difference between mild and severe (P=0.66), moderate and severe (P=1.00). ③ MSDL and MUD are correlated with the severity of CTS. There is no correlation between USDL and CTS severity.Conclusion: The ulnar nerve is not damaged in CTS; a smaller MSDL can reflect median nerve damage, which is beneficial to the early diagnosis of CTS; MUD is more sensitive than MSDL in diagnosing CTS; MUD is correlated with severity, which is beneficial to pain for patients who are more sensitive and cannot tolerate electrical stimulation, perhaps only measuring MUD can reflect the severity, relieve the patient's pain, and can be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect.
Fast Drying Combined With Rapid Cooling Can Enhance The Survival of The Desiccation Sensitive Wheat Pollen After Ultra-Low Temperature Storage
Authors: Impe Daniela , Ballesteros Daniel , Nagel Manuela 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Long-term storage of pollen is important for the fertilization of spatially or temporally isolated female parents, especially during hybrid breeding. Wheat pollen is dehydration-sensitive and rapidly loses viability after shedding. To preserve wheat pollen, we hypothesized that fast-(flash)-drying and fast cooling (150°C min-1) compared to slow-(air)-drying and slow cooling (1°C min-1) would increase the rate of intracellular water content (WC) removal, decrease intracellular ice crystal formation, and increase viability after exposure to ultra-low temperatures. High correlations were found between pollen WC and viability analyzed by impedance flow cytometry (IFC viability: r=0.92, P<0.001) and pollen germination (r=0.94, P<0.001). After 10 min of air-drying, 66% WC was lost and pollen germination was at 12.2±12.3%. After 10 min of flash-drying, WC of pollen reduced by 74%. IFC viability decreased from 90.2±6.7 to 39.4±17.9%, and pollen germination dropped from 33.7±16.9 to 1.9±3.9%. After 12 min of flash-drying, WCs decreased to <0.34 mg H2O mg-1 DW, ice crystal formation was completely prevented (ΔH=0 J mg-1 DW), and pollen germination reached 1.2±1.0%. After slow and fast cooling, flash-dried pollen (WC 0.91±0.11 mg H2O mg-1 DW) showed less ice crystal formation during cryomicroscopic-video-recordings and had IFC viability of 4.5±7.0% (slow) and 6.1±8.8% (fast), respectively, compared to air-dried pollen which lost all viability. Generally, fast-(flash)-drying and increased cooling rates may enable the survival of wheat pollen likely due to (1) a fast rate of intracellular WC loss that reduces deleterious biochemical changes associated with the drying process and (2) a delay and reduction in intracellular ice crystal formation.
Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Formation Processes of Ordovician Limestone Groundwater in Zhuozishan Coalfield, Northwest China
Authors: Shidong Wang , Tiantian Wang , Lei Shi , Zhibin Yang , Hongpu Tang , Hanjiang Lv , Kaipeng Zhu , Feng Xu , Juan Fan , Gang Fang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Groundwater is essential for water supplies in arid and semi-arid region. Analyzing the characteristics and formation mechanisms of groundwater in mining area is crucial for coal mine water prevention and rational groundwater resources management. This study reached the hydrogeochemical characteristics and evolutions of Ordovician groundwater in the zhuozishan coal mine, northwest China.34 groundwater samples were collected for hydrogeochemical analyses and piper trilinear diagram, gibbs diagram, ion ratio diagram were used to research groundwater formation processes. The results indicate that the concentration of Na++ K+, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, TDS, and pH increase from the recharge area to the discharge area, however, that of Ca2+ and Mg2+ decreases.And each indicator varied greatly in the north and south of the coalfield. Hydrogeochemical types of the runoff from Zhuozishan Mountain to Gongdeer Mountain and then to the south-north directional change obviously. And the groundwater process is controlled by rock weathering action and cation exchange. Whereas the hydrochemical type of the runoff from Zhuozishan Mountain to the south is always SO4▪Cl-Ca▪Na type, and groundwater process is controlled from rock weathering action to evaporation concentration and reverse cation exchange. When it comes to ion source, Ca2+ and Mg2+ mainly origin from the silicate dissolution, while Na+ and K+ are mainly derived from cation exchange and barely from the halite dissolution. In summary,in the northern part of the coalfield, due to geological structure, a retention area is formed with groundwater, and the runoff process is disordered with a complicated formation process. The middle part is not blocked by the geological structure, the runoff direction do not change, so the formation of groundwater is simple. And in the southern part, due to the deepening stratum and fault blocking, a retention zone is formed, making groundwater formation process more complicated. This study will contribute to groundwater resources management and mine water inrush control in this coalfield and at other mines.