bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programmed Death‐Ligand 1 Expression and Tumor‐Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Temporal Bone Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hongo Takahiro , Kuga Ryosuke , Miyazaki Masaru , Komune Noritaka , Nakano Takafumi , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Koike Kensuke , Sato Kuniaki , Kogo Ryunosuke , Nabeshima Kazuki , Oda Yoshinao , Nakagawa Takashi 
Published: June 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe tumor immune microenvironment in temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC), including the programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), has not been established.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsWe performed immunohistochemistry analyses to retrospectively analyze 123 TBSCC cases for PD‐L1 expression and TILs and their prognostic significance. We also evaluated the prognostic correlations between these immunomarkers and the therapeutic responses to chemoradiotherapy (CRT).ResultsPD‐L1 expression (≥1%) was detected in 62 (50.4%) TBSCC cases and was significantly associated with worse prognosis: progression‐free survival (PFS), P < .0001; overall survival (OS), P = .0009. A high density of CD8+ TILs was significantly associated with better prognosis (PFS, P = .0012; OS, P = .0120). In contrast, a high density of Foxp3+ TILs tended to be associated with an unfavorable prognosis (PFS, P = .0148; OS, P = .0850). With regard to the tumor microenvironment subtypes defined by CD8+ TILs and PD‐L1 expression, the CD8low/PD‐L1+ group showed significantly worse prognosis. Among the 36 neoadjuvant CRT‐treated cases, PD‐L1 expression was significantly associated with worse OS (P = .0132). Among the 32 CRT‐treated cases without surgery, a high density of CD8+ TILs tended to be more highly associated with complete response to CRT compared to a low density of CD8+ TILs (P = .0702).ConclusionsThese results indicate that the evaluation of the tumor immune microenvironment may contribute to the prediction of prognoses and the selection of an individualized therapeutic strategy for patients with TBSCC.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2674–2683, 2021
Anti‐nutritional compounds in pulses: Implications and alleviation methods
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Basu Santanu , Goswami Deepika , Devi Mridula , Shivhare Uma Shanker , Vishwakarma Rajesh Kumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPulses are a rich source of protein and minerals particularly for the vegetarian and vegan population. However, several anti‐nutritional compounds, such as trypsin inhibitor, phenolic compounds, phytates, cyanogenic compounds, lectins and saponins are also found in the legumes. Most of the anti‐nutritional compounds of the pulses are present in the seed coat. Most of these compounds are sensitive to heat and can be substantially reduced by milling, cooking, germination, fermentation and heat processing. This review paper summarizes anti‐nutritional compounds present in different pulses including their fractions, significance and beneficial and adverse effect on human health. The aim of this paper is to enlighten the readers about the anti‐nutritional compounds present in the pulses and possible processing methods to enhance utilization of pulses.
LEADING BY INCLUSION: A ROAD FORWARD
Authors: Helgesen Sally 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe author states that inclusive leadership is necessary for leading in the next 25 years, which will continue to be complex and unpredictable. In looking at links between diversity and inclusion, the author shows the difference in these terms: “Diversity describes the reality of today's global workforce: demographic diversity, but also diversity of values, beliefs and experiences. Inclusion describes the set of practices required to successfully lead this diverse workforce.” Several “tough truths” are examined; which in the author's words are: (1) Inclusion can only be demonstrated by inclusive behaviors. (2) Inclusive behaviors must be demonstrated at the leadership level. (3) Leaders who practice inclusion must hold those who report to them to account for doing so as well. The author says that she can “recommend three inclusive leadership practices that help mitigate against stress and position organizations to thrive, even in times of crisis.” These are, in her words: (1) Strengthen connectedness. (2) Practice advanced listening. (3) Be real. She concludes that the “only reliable way leaders can foster the robust and creative participation needed to thrive under such conditions is to lead in a way that enables their people to feel safe, seen and valued.”
Dual‐Targeting Polymeric Nanocarriers to Deliver ROS‐Responsive Prodrugs and Combat Multidrug Resistance of Cancer Cells
Authors: Xi Longchang , Wang Jingbo , Wang Yuheng , Ge Zhishen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTargeting delivery of anticancer drugs that can interact with DNA into mitochondria of cancer cells has been demonstrated to be an effective method to combat drug resistance. In this report, a cancer cell and mitochondria dual‐targeting drug delivery system (DT‐NP) is presented based on nanoparticles self‐assembled from amphiphilic block copolymers with pH‐responsive release of cinnamaldehyde (CA), which is used to encapsulate reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐activable prodrug, phenylboronic pinacol ester‐caged doxorubicin (BDOX). The surfaces of nanoparticles are conjugated by cancer cell‐targeting folic acid (FA) and mitochondria‐targeting triphenyl phosphonium (TPP) for dual targeting delivery. After incubation of DT‐NP with multidrug‐resistant breast cancer cells MCF‐7/ADR, CA release under acidic conditions in endosomes from DT‐NP can effectively induce intracellular oxidative stress improvement, especially in mitochondria. After targeting drug delivery into mitochondria, high level of ROS in mitochondria can in situ activate BDOX to interact with mitochondrial DNA and induce cell apoptosis. DT‐NP displays a remarkably higher cancer cell killing effect on MCF‐7/ADR as compared with DOX. Accordingly, DT‐NP shows great potentials toward multidrug‐resistant cancers as dual‐targeting drug delivery systems with intracellular oxidative stress improvement and ROS‐responsive prodrug activation in mitochondria.
Unraveling the Mechanism and Kinetics of Binding of an LCI‐eGFP‐Polymer for Antifouling Coatings
Authors: Söder Dominik , Garay‐Sarmiento Manuela , Rahimi Khosrow , Obstals Fabian , Dedisch Sarah , Haraszti Tamás , Davari Mehdi D. , Jakob Felix , Heß Christoph , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Rodriguez‐Emmenegger Cesar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ability of proteins to adsorb irreversibly onto surfaces opens new possibilities to functionalize biological interfaces. Herein, the mechanism and kinetics of adsorption of protein‐polymer macromolecules with the ability to equip surfaces with antifouling properties are investigated. These macromolecules consist of the liquid chromatography peak I peptide from which antifouling polymer brushes are grafted using single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy reveals an adsorption mechanism that follows a Langmuir‐type of binding with a strong binding affinity to gold. X‐ray reflectivity supports this by proving that the binding occurs exclusively by the peptide. However, the lateral organization at the surface is directed by the cylindrical eGFP. The antifouling functionality of the unimolecular coatings is confirmed by contact with blood plasma. All coatings reduce the fouling from blood plasma by 8894% with only minor effect of the degree of polymerization for the studied range (DP between 101 and 932). The excellent antifouling properties, combined with the ease of polymerization and the straightforward coating procedure make this a very promising antifouling concept for a multiplicity of applications.
Natural Glycan Derived Biomaterials for Inflammation Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Niu Yining , Xue Qixuan , Fu Yao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInflammation is closely related to a variety of fatal or chronic diseases. Hence, targeting inflammation provides an alternative approach to improve the therapeutic outcome of diseases such as solid tumors, neurological diseases, and metabolic diseases. Polysaccharides are natural components with immune regulation, anti‐virus, anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐oxidation activities. Herein, this review highlights recent progress in the polysaccharide‐based drug delivery systems for achieving inflammation targeting and its related disease treatment. Moreover, the chemical modification and the construction of polysaccharide materials for drug delivery are discussed in detail.
Dispositional mindfulness as an antecedent of privacy concerns: A protection motivation theory perspective
Authors: Ioannou Athina , Tussyadiah Iis , Marshan Alaa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of mindfulness, an important personality trait, on people's perceptions of privacy. Using protection motivation theory as a conceptual foundation, the central tenet is that mindfulness plays an important role in people's threat appraisal process of privacy concerns and thus influences one's intention to share personal information online. A survey‐based approach was employed to measure privacy attitudes of 685 UK individuals about online data disclosure. Our findings demonstrate that mindfulness contributes to the formation of privacy concerns. A more mindful consumer is more likely to adopt a more objective appraisal style, interpret privacy threats as less threatening, and thus share personal information online.
Polymer Micelles Composed of Molecular‐Bottlebrush‐Based Surfactants: Precisely Controlling Aggregation Number Corresponding to Polyhedral Structures
Authors: Fujii Shota , Eichhorn Jonas , Schacher Felix H. , Brendel Johannes C. , Sakurai Kazuo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver the past few decades, there has been remarkable progress in the construction of self‐assemblies in the field of supramolecular chemistry, such as micelles with precisely controlled and refined structures. One promising approach represents the previously proposed concept of Platonic micelles, in which the aggregation number (Nagg) is discretized in accordance with vertexes of regular polyhedra (i.e., Platonic solids), i.e., 4, 6, 8, 12, and 20 units. Herein, attempt is made to construct Platonic polymer micelles using rigid and persistent architecture of molecular‐bottlebrush‐based surfactant (MBS). The structure of MBS micelles is carefully elucidated using small‐angle X‐ray and light scattering and analytical centrifugation measurements. This study shows that the Nagg of MBS micelles is consistent with one of the Platonic numbers when Nagg is intentionally set in the range of 4–20. In addition, some of the MBS micelles demonstrate a discontinuous change in Nagg, when the salt concentration is changed, which is an important factor in controlling micellar Nagg. This is one of the characteristic aggregation behaviors of Platonic micelles in surfactant systems, which strongly indicates the formation of Platonic micelles from macromolecular surfactants.
Family integrated care: Supporting parents as primary caregivers in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Waddington Chandra , van Veenendaal Nicole R. , O’Brien Karel , Patel Neil ,   for the International Steering Committee for Family Integrated Care
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTFamily integrated care (FICare) is a collaborative model of neonatal care which aims to address the negative impacts of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment by involving parents as equal partners, minimizing separation, and supporting parent‐infant closeness. FICare incorporates psychological, educational, communication, and environmental strategies to support parents to cope with the NICU environment and to prepare them to be able to emotionally, cognitively, and physically care for their infant. FICare has been associated with improved infant feeding, growth, and parent wellbeing and self‐efficacy; important mediators for long‐term improved infant neurodevelopmental and behavioural outcomes. FICare implementation requires multi‐disciplinary commitment, staff motivation, and sufficient time for preparation and readiness for change as professionals relinquish power and control to instead develop collaborative partnerships with parents. Successful FICare implementation and culture change have been applied by neonatal teams internationally, using practical approaches suited to their local environments. Strategies such as parent and staff meetings and relational communication help to break down barriers to change by providing space for the co‐creation of knowledge, the negotiation of caregiving roles and the development of trusting relationships. The COVID‐19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerability within programs supporting parental presence in neonatal units and the profound impacts of parent‐infant separation. New technologies and digital innovations can help to mitigate these challenges, and support renewed efforts to embed FICare philosophy and practice in neonatal care during the COVID‐19 recovery and beyond.
The Internet and public policy: Future directions
Authors: Margetts Helen , Lehdonvirta Vili , González‐Bailón Sandra , Hutchinson Jonathon , Bright Jonathan , Nash Vicki , Sutcliffe David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn January 2021, the editorial team of Policy & Internet changed from the Oxford Internet Institute to the Department of Media and Communications at the University of Sydney. This article invites all the past and current editors to contribute to the future directions and discussion of internet and public policy. It is collection of six contributions covering the trajectory of the internet policy research agenda, platform power in the digital economy, algorithms and the need for transparency, media diversity and platform regulation, speech in the age of content moderation and age‐gating the internet. The collection of essays highlights the past 10 years of the journal and paints a clear trajectory for the next era of Policy & Internet.
Hyperinflation is associated with increased respiratory rate and is a more sensitive measure of cystic fibrosis lung disease during infancy compared to forced expiratory measures
Authors: Muston Heather N. , Slaven James E. , Tiller Christina , Clem Charles , Ferkol Thomas W. , Ranganathan Sarath , Davis Stephanie D. , Ren Clement L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of this study was to identify clinical features associated with abnormal infant pulmonary function tests (iPFTs), specifically functional residual capacity (FRC), in infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) diagnosed via newborn screen (NBS). We hypothesized that poor nutritional status in the first 6–12 months would be associated with increased FRC at 12‐24 months.MethodsThis study utilized a combination of retrospectively and prospectively collected data from ongoing research studies and iPFTs performed for clinical indications. Demographic and clinical features were obtained from the electronic medical record. Forced expiratory flows and volumes were obtained using the raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal technique (RVRTC) and FRC was measured via plethysmography.ResultsA total of 45 CF NBS infants had iPFTs performed between 12 and 24 months. Mean forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 0.5 s, and forced expiratory flows were all within normal limits. In contrast, the mean FRC z‐score was 2.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48, 2.88) and the mean respiratory rate (RR) z‐score was 1.42 (95% CI = 0.95, 1.89). There was no significant association between poor nutritional status and abnormal lung function. However, there was a significant association between higher RR and increased FRC, and a RR cutoff of 36 breaths/min resulted in 92% sensitivity to detect hyperinflation with 32% specificity.ConclusionThese results suggest that FRC is a more sensitive measure of early CF lung disease than RVRTC measurements and that RR may be a simple, noninvasive clinical marker to identify CF NBS infants with hyperinflation.
Ventilatory limitations are not associated with dyspnea on exertion or reduced aerobic fitness in pectus excavatum
Authors: Hardie William , Powell Adam W. , Jenkins Todd M. , Foster Karla , Tretter Justin T. , Fleck Robert J. , Garcia Victor F. , Brown Rebeccah L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExercise intolerance and chest pain are common symptoms in patients with pectus excavatum. To assess if the anatomic extent of pectus deformities determined by the correction index (CI) is associated with a pulmonary impairment at rest and during exercise we performed a retrospective review on pectus patients in our center who completed a symptom questionnaire, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), pulmonary function tests (PFT), and chest magnetic resonance imaging. Of 259 patients studied, dyspnea on exertion and chest pain was reported in 64% and 41%, respectively. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2) was reduced in 30% and classified as mild in two‐thirds. A pulmonary limitation during exercise was identified in less than 3%. Ventilatory limitations on PFT was found in 26% and classified as mild in 85%. Obstruction was the most common abnormal pattern (11%). There were no differences between patients with normal or abnormal PFT patterns for the CI, VO2, or percentage reporting dyspnea or chest pain. Scatter plots demonstrated significant but weak inverse relationships between the CI and lung volumes at rest and during exercise. Multivariable linear regression modeling evaluating predictors of VO2 demonstrated positive associations with the forced expiratory volume at one second and a negative association with the CI. We conclude that resting PFT patterns have poor correlation with the anatomic extent of the pectus defect, symptomatology or aerobic fitness. Pulmonary limitations on CPET are uncommon and lung volumes during exercise are only minimally associated with the CI.
Charge migration in caffeine: A real‐time time‐dependent density functional theory study
Authors: Khalili Fatemeh , Vafaee Mohsen , Cho Daeheum , Shokri Babak 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a real‐time time dependent density functional theory approach to simulate charge migration of caffeine molecule after selective photoionization. According to the fact that the time evolution of the created hole can affect the molecular reaction and subsequent dynamics difference from its original structure, we studied the dominant frequency variation of caffeine charge oscillation after ionization of outer shell orbital. In this work, we determined the main orbitals participating in the total charge migration process by comparing the dipole moment peaks to the Fourier signals of the time dependent molecular orbitals (MOs) occupation. Having used the Bader charge analysis, we showed that different valence ionization of molecule resulted in a distinct charge migration between different regions, functional groups, and atoms of cations. We represented two interesting different cases: 1‐for ionization out from 46th MO of caffeine, the MOs interfere of the cation resulted in a charge migration between oxygen atoms and upper nitrogen of five‐membered ring, 2‐ for ionization out from 39th MO of caffeine, a different behavior of hole occurred according to which the hole spread throughout the whole molecule. Therefore, a specific MO ionization could result in a dramatically different migration and active site of cation.
Fair weather forecasting? The shortcomings of big data for sustainable development, a case study from Hubballi‐Dharwad, India
Authors: Sudmant Andrew , Viguié Vincent , Lepetit Quentin , Oates Lucy , Datey Abhijit , Gouldson Andy , Watling David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSustainable urban mobility is an essential component of sustainable development but requires careful planning in rapidly growing urban areas. This paper investigates the value and limitations of Big Data for evaluating transport policies, plans, and projects in Hubballi‐Dharwad, India. Results show how Big Data can enable the outcomes of transport interventions to be evaluated more readily than conventional transport analysis. However, the analysis also found that this data may be less able to detect the impacts of travel behaviours in informal settlements, and the impact of extreme weather events. These potential shortcomings, as well as a lack of transparency around the methodology and data sources used by sources of Big Data, could generate unintended consequences and biases in transport planning. Reflecting on these challenges, and the wider implications for urban governance, we conclude that there is an urgent need for Big Data and other technical advances in urban modelling to be seen as compliments to, rather than substitutes for, wider methods of knowledge generation in urban areas.
Graphitic Carbon with MnO/Mn7C3 Prepared by Laser‐Scribing of MOF for Versatile Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Lam Do Van , Nguyen Uyen Nhat Trieu , Roh Euijin , Choi Wanuk , Kim Jae‐Hyun , Kim Hyunuk , Lee Seung‐Mo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPseudocapacitive materials encapsulated in conductive carbon matrix are of paramount importance to develop energy storage devices with high performance and long lifespan. Here, via simple laser‐scribing, the Mn‐based metal–organic framework [EG‐MOF‐74(Mn)] is transformed into pseudocapacitive hybrid MnO/Mn7C3 encapsulated in highly conductive graphitic carbon. It is revealed that the rapid carbothermic reduction of MnO (C + MnO → C′ + Mn7C3 + CO) leads to the formation of the intermediate pseudocapacitive MnO/Mn7C3 and the concurrent catalytic graphitization of disordered carbon. This reaction produces a new type of pseudocapacitive material in the form of MnO/Mn7C3 fully embedded in highly conductive graphitic carbon. Thanks to the synergistic effect of the MnO/Mn7C3 nanoparticles and the graphitic carbon, the composite exhibits a high specific capacitance of 403 F g−1 with excellent stability. Asymmetric coin‐cell supercapacitors based on the composite demonstrate high energy (29.2 Wh kg−1) and power densities (8000 W kg−1) with a long lifespan. Prototypes of flexible paper‐based supercapacitors made of the composite also show great potential toward applications of flexible electronics.
Constructing Co–N–C Catalyst via a Double Crosslinking Hydrogel Strategy for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Catalysis in Fuel Cells
Authors: Miao Zhengpei , Xia Yu , Liang Jiashun , Xie Linfeng , Chen Shaoqing , Li Shenzhou , Wang Hsing‐Lin , Hu Song , Han Jiantao , Li Qing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExploiting platinum‐group‐metal (PGM)‐free electrocatalysts with remarkable activity and stability toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of significant importance to the large‐scale commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Here, a high‐performance and anti‐Fenton reaction cobalt–nitrogen–carbon (Co–N–C) catalyst is reported via employing double crosslinking (DC) hydrogel strategy, which consists of the chemical crosslinking between acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) copolymerization and metal coordinated crosslinking between Co2+ and P(AA–AM) copolymer. The resultant DC hydrogel can benefit the Co2+ dispersion via chelated Co‐N/O bonds and relieve metal agglomeration during the subsequent pyrolysis, resulting in the atomically dispersed Co‐Nx/C active sites. By optimizing the ratio of AA/AM, the optimal P(AA–AM)(5‐1)–Co–N catalyst exhibits a high content of nitrogen doping (12.36 at%) and specific surface area (1397 m2 g−1), significantly larger than that of the PAA–Co–N catalyst (10.59 at%/746 m2 g−1) derived from single crosslinking (SC) hydrogel. The electrochemical measurements reveal that P(AA–AM)(5‐1)–Co–N possesses enhanced ORR activity (half‐wave potential (E1/2) ≈0.820 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) and stability (≈4 mV shift in E1/2 after 5000 potential cycles in 0.5 m H2SO4 at 60 ºC) relative to PAA‐Co‐N, which is higher than most Co–N–C catalysts reported so far.