bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative bacterial culture can predict severe pneumonia in patients receiving esophagectomy
Authors: Kaneta Akinao , Sato Takahiro , Nakano Hiroshi , Matsumoto Takuro , Tada Takeshi , Watanabe Yohei , Hanayama Hiroyuki , Hayase Suguru , Saze Zenichiro , Kono Koji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Postoperative pneumonia is one of the major complications after esophagectomy. The aim of this study was to determine whether bacterial cultures before esophagectomy could predict occurrence of postoperative pneumonia and help treatment strategies for postoperative pneumonia.
Methods

Sixty-nine patients who underwent subtotal esophagectomy at Fukushima Medical University hospital between January 2017 and May 2021 were included in this study. We collected sputum, oral and/or nasopharyngeal swabs for bacterial culture preoperatively from all patients and from those who were suspected of postoperative pulmonary infections. We compared cultured pathogenic bacteria obtained preoperatively and postoperatively from patients who developed postoperative pneumonia, and investigated their association with incidence of postoperative pneumonia. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables between groups, and Wilcoxon test was used to compare continuous variables. Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia and severe pneumonia were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models.
Results

Postoperative pneumonia occurred in 22 (31%) of the 69 patients, and 13 of the 22 patients were classified as with severe pneumonia. Multivariate analysis revealed that longer operative duration (for 30 minutes increase; odds ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.51, p=0.039) and positivity for preoperative bacterial culture (odds ratio 5.03, 95% confidence interval 1.31–19.2, p=0.018) were independent risk factors for severe postoperative pneumonia, but not for all incidence of postoperative pneumonia. Of note, in only 5 out of the 22 patients with pneumonia, the same pathogen species were detected preoperatively and after the onset of pneumonia.
Conclusions

In conclusion, our results implied that preoperative bacterial culture may be useful to predict severe postoperative pneumonia. However, it may not be useful in determining pathogenic bacteria responsible for postoperative pneumonia.
Red-Emitting Phosphor Ca2MgSi2O7: Sm3+, Eu3+ for UV White Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Tuerxun Ayinuremu , Jilili Subiyinuer , Wang Lei , Sidike Aierken 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this research, a series of Ca2MgSi2O7: 2% Sm3+, x% Eu3+ (x=4, 5, 6, 7, 8) red phosphors were synthesized using the high-temperature solid-phase method. The phase and luminescence properties of the samples were investigated using an X-ray diffractometer and a photoluminescence spectrometer. The results showed that the synthesized samples were of pure phase, and the introduction of small amounts of Sm3+ and Eu3+ had no significant impact on the crystal structure of the phosphors. It is observed from the phosphor spectra that the co-doped samples exhibited intense red-light emission corresponding to that of Eu3+ at 613 nm when excited at the strongest excitation peak of Sm3+ (401 nm); here, the emission peak intensity of Eu3+ increased by a factor of 5.3. It is found that resonant nonradiative energy transfer occurs from Sm3+ to Eu3+ in the sample, and the energy transfer efficiency reaches up to 44%. The calculated critical distance for energy transfer is 16.117 Å and the concentration interrupt mechanism is an electric dipole-dipole (d-d) interaction. The color coordinates of the samples are all located in the red region (0.6319, 0.3676) with a color purity of ~ 89.3%. The samples exhibited thermal stability of up to 68.6% of that at room temperature when heated to 150˚C . The LED samples packaged with the phosphors emitted warm white-light with a color temperature (CCT) of 5553 K and a color rendering index (Ra) of 84.8. The magnesium yellow feldspar silicate phosphor is suitable as the red component in white LED trichromatic phosphors and has potential applications in solid-state lighting.
Increasing aridity may reduce productivity and soil organic carbon storage with woody plant encroachment
Authors: Liu Yunhua , Cheng Junhui , Schmid Bernhard , Sheng Jiandong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aims

We have found a positive effect of woody plants on total plant carbon (C) storage in less arid grassland was shifted to a negative effect in arid grasslands in Xinjiang, a typical arid region in China. In this study, we further assessed the effects of woody plants on aboveground primary productivity (ANPP) and soil organic C (SOC) storage and explored the mediation of climate conditions on these effects. We also aimed to elucidate the reasons for the effects on SOC storage in terms of ANPP and belowground biomass C (BGC).
Methods

We compared the difference in ANPP and SOC content between pure and wooded grasslands and evaluated the relation between SOC content and ANPP and BGC in six grassland types along the altitude (climatic) gradients.
Results

In three arid types, woody plants had a negative effect on ANPP due to their more negative impacts on herbaceous plants and lower ANPP. The negative effect on ANPP and BGC led to that on SOC storage in these types. In less arid types, there had a positive effect on ANPP because woody plants had weaker negative impacts on herbaceous plants and higher ANPP. A positive effect on ANPP combined with a neutral impact on BGC contributed to a positive effect on SOC storage in these types.
Conclusions

Woody plants had a negative effect on ANPP and SOC storage in most arid grasslands in Xinjiang. We predicted that increasing aridity may reduce ANPP and SOC storage with woody plant encroachment in the future.
Crystalloids vs. colloids for fluid optimization in patients undergoing brain surgery
Authors: Markovic-Bozic Jasmina , Music Polona , Visocnik Bozidar , Spindler-Vesel Alenka 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND This randomised, double-blinded, single-centre study prospectively investigated the impact of goal directed therapy and fluid optimization with crystalloids or colloids on perioperative complications in patients undergoing brain surgery. METHODS 80 patients were allocated into two equal groups to be optimised with either crystalloids (n=40) or colloids (n=40). Invasive hemodynamic monitoring and optimization with fluids and vasoactive drugs were used to adjust and maintain mean arterial pressure and cerebral oxygenation within the baseline values (± 20%) and stroke volume variation (SVV) ≤13. Postoperative complications from different organ systems were monitored during the first 15 days after surgery. Hospital stay and mortality were also recorded. RESULTS Crystalloid group received significantly more fluids (p = 0.003) and phenylephrine (p = 0.02) compared to colloid group. This did not have any significant impact on intraoperative or postoperative complications, hospital stay or mortality, where no differences between groups were observed. CONCLUSIONS Either crystalloids or colloids could be used for fluid optimization in brain surgery. If protocolised perioperative haemodynamic management is used, the type of fluid does not have significant impact on the outcome. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Identified as NCT03249298 at www.clinicaltrials.gov KEY WORDS: Brain surgery, fluid optimization, haemodynamic management
Evolution of acoustic communication in fungus-growing ant societies
Authors: Murakami Takahiro , Sakamoto Hironori , Higashi Seigo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Do ants ‘talk’? If so, how important is talking in ant societies? Chemical communication, through pheromones for example, was thought to be the main communication tool in ant societies; however, a major question is whether chemical substances alone can control highly differentiated social behaviours. In this study, we focused on the ‘talk’ of agricultural ants, key organisms in the Neotropical ecosystem, and conducted a detailed acoustic analysis. Our results indicate that in fungus-growing ants, acoustic communication is a much more frequent and critical factor than previously believed. The frequency of stridulatory sound-production recordings from the ants were found to be significantly correlated with social structure complexity. Structural analysis indicated that both the area and number of slits in the stridulatory acoustic organs were significantly correlated with body size. The ability of leaf-cutting ants to maintain fungus gardens was significantly lower in the sound-inhibited group than in the pheromone secretion-inhibited group. These results suggest that ants that have become ‘chattier’ may induce altruistic behaviours and create more complex societies. The findings of this study may be applicable not only to social evolution studies but also for effectively controlling ant behaviours.
The mechanical force of minority cells modulates the tumor taxol-resistance and progression
Authors: Zhang Di , Feng Xueyan , Wang Guoxun , Lu Liwei , Feng Feng , Wang Xiuyu , Yu Chanchan , Chai Yahong , Ge Maofa , Yao Li 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The chemotherapy is one of a major treatment for cancer. However, resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is still a crucial problem in cancer therapies. Majority drug resistance results from the accumulation of mutation of genes in the minority-resistant cells. The mechanism underlying the emergence and the development of cancer resistance from minority-resistant cells has not been fully elucidated. Here, we revealed that minority taxol-resistant cancer cells (MRCs) with enhanced mechanical force can transmit the high force to surrounding sensitive cells through force transducer merlin, and thus enhancing the contraction and adhesion strength of tumor cells (termed as mechanoassimilation), which eventually accelerates the development of drug resistance and tumor progression in vivo. In addition, disturbance and reduction of mechanoassimilation in tumor leads them sensitive to taxol again in vitro and in vivo, which also provide a preliminary indication of MRC contribution in drug-resistance and malignancy development through mechanoassimilation, and offer a new opportunity for cancer therapy by targeting the tumor mechanics.
Development of anti-Jk3 associated with silenced Kidd antigen expression and a novel single nucleotide variant of the JK gene
Authors: Manrai P.A. , Siddon A.J. , Hager K.M. , Hendrickson J.E. , Keller M.A. , Tormey C.A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Anti-Jk3 is a rare alloantibody to a high-prevalence antigen primarily seen in individuals of Polynesian descent and is associated with a handful of well-established variants of the SLC14A1 gene. We report a case of the Jknull phenotype, associated with formation of anti-Jk3, in a patient of non-Polynesian descent. This patient, a 51-year-old woman self-described as of Jamaican and Scottish ancestry, presented to our hospital for oncologic care. The patient’s blood sample typed as blood group A, D+. All screening and panel reagent red blood cells showed reactivity, ranging from 2 to 4+; autocontrol and direct antiglobulin test were both negative. Antigen phenotyping revealed Jk(a–b–), leading to suspicion for anti-Jk3, which was subsequently confirmed by our immunohematology reference laboratory. Given her reported familial background, testing of the SLC14A1 gene was performed, revealing that the patient was heterozygous for the single nucleotide variant (SNV) at c.838G>A in exon 8 and therefore carries both JK*01 and JK*02 alleles that encode Jka and Jkb, respectively. However, the patient was found to be heterozygous for several additional SNVs: c.28G>A in exon 3; c.191G>A, c.226G>A, and c.303G>A in exon 4; and c.757T>C in exon 7. The patient’s Jk(b–) phenotype can be explained by coinheritance of c.838A with c.191G>A, which defines null allele JK*02N.09. Coinheritance of SNVs c.28G>A and c.838G with rare SNV c.757C that is predicted to cause a non-conservative amino acid change (p.S253P) likely accounts for the complete serologic absence of Jka and the ability to form anti-Jk3 in this case. This finding would represent a new JK*01 null allele. This evaluation illustrates the importance of genetic analysis in identifying the factors preventing a high-prevalence antigen from being expressed, particularly when discovered outside of an expected racial or ethnic group.
A mild case of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn due to anti-Sc2
Authors: Núñez Ahumada M.A. , Arancibia Aros C.E. , Villalobos Pavez C.E. , Pontigo Gonzalez F.M. , Abarca Arce V. , Sandoval Medrano M. , Reyes Jorquera S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We report the case of a newborn girl with jaundice due to increased indirect bilirubin with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and compensated hemolysis. The result of the newborn’s DAT was discrepant with the negative result of the mother’s indirect antiglobulin test. The multiparous mother had a previous history of fetal hydrops miscarriage, with no known cause, and no record of the cause was found at the hospital where she was treated. After referring samples from the mother and newborn to a reference laboratory, the rare alloanti-Sc2 was identified in the mother’s plasma and in the newborn’s eluate. HEA BeadChip genotyping of the newborn’s DNA sample predicted the SC:1,2 phenotype.
A unique approach to screen for blood donors lacking high-prevalence antigen Inb of the Indian blood group system
Authors: Joshi S.R. , Senjaliya S.B. , Maru H.D. , Kshirsagar P.D. , Kulkarni S.S. , Shrivastava P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Inb antigen of the Indian blood group system is a high-prevalence antigen. The presence of alloanti-Inb in a recipient may pose a problem in finding compatible blood for transfusion. The aim of this study was to screen blood donors for Inb and to include individuals found to be In(b–) in our rare donor registry. To save resources, a unique study design was constructed. Blood group O donors were tested for Inb because their red blood cell (RBC) units could serve recipients across all ABO groups. EDTA blood samples were used for serologic and genomic testing. These samples were first tested serologically for Ina, and samples typed as In(a+) were then tested both serologically and molecularly for Ina and Inb to find homozygous IN*01/01 [i.e., the predicted In(b–) phenotype]. A cost-conservative approach in using recycling of antibody was adopted to economize available resources. Of 6300 donors, 196 donor samples typed as In(a+) and were also found to be In(b+) when tested by serologic and genomic methods. Although none of the donors typed as In(b–), the statistical analysis suggests the expected prevalence for this rare phenotype to be 0.02 percent among the total number of donors tested. In conclusion, this report presents a unique cost-conservative approach using limited reagents to screen a large number of donors for the rare In(b–) phenotype.
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitors Drug Discovery, Design, and
Development as Anticancer Agents from Past to Present: A Mini-Review
Authors: AlGhamdi Arwa , AlMubayedh Hanine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Cancer treatments are known for their life-threatening toxicities attributed to their low
selectivity; hence, new therapeutic approaches are being developed as alternatives. Among those
approaches is the DNA repair mechanism, where its inhibition results selectively in the death of
cancerous cells. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) is one of the enzymes involved in the repair
of damaged DNA. The inhibition of PARP shows to be a promising approach for effective targeted
treatment of cancer, especially in tumours with pre-existing Homologous-Repair (HR) defects (i.e.,
BRCA). Nicotinamide, which is one of the PARP catalytic products, was the first identified PARP
inhibitor (PARPi). The first FDA-approved PARPi was Olaparib in 2014 for the treatment of BRCA
mutated advanced ovarian cancer. Several clinical trials have been conducted to further improve
PARPi. However, there are some concerns related to drug resistance, PARPi sensitive-tumour identification,
and toxic accumulation of PARPi. This report will review the uses of PARPi, drug design
and development of PARPi from past to present, current issues, and prospective plans.
Deep Learning Techniques for Fatty Liver Using Multi-View Ultrasound Images Scanned by Different Scanners: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Kim Taewoo , Lee Dong Hyun , Park Eun-Kee , Choi Sanghun 
Published: September 2021

Background
Fat fraction values obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to obtain an accurate diagnosis of fatty liver diseases. However, MRI is expensive and cannot be performed for everyone.

Objective
In this study, we aim to develop multi-view ultrasound image–based convolutional deep learning models to detect fatty liver disease and yield fat fraction values.

Methods
We extracted 90 ultrasound images of the right intercostal view and 90 ultrasound images of the right intercostal view containing the right renal cortex from 39 cases of fatty liver (MRI–proton density fat fraction [MRI–PDFF] ≥ 5%) and 51 normal subjects (MRI–PDFF < 5%), with MRI–PDFF values obtained from Good Gang-An Hospital. We obtained combined liver and kidney-liver (CLKL) images to train the deep learning models and developed classification and regression models based on the VGG19 model to classify fatty liver disease and yield fat fraction values. We employed the data augmentation techniques such as flip and rotation to prevent the deep learning model from overfitting. We determined the deep learning model with performance metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and coefficient of determination (R2).

Results
In demographic information, all metrics such as age and sex were similar between the two groups—fatty liver disease and normal subjects. In classification, the model trained on CLKL images achieved 80.1% accuracy, 86.2% precision, and 80.5% specificity to detect fatty liver disease. In regression, the predicted fat fraction values of the regression model trained on CLKL images correlated with MRI–PDFF values (R2=0.633), indicating that the predicted fat fraction values were moderately estimated.

Conclusions
With deep learning techniques and multi-view ultrasound images, it is potentially possible to replace MRI–PDFF values with deep learning predictions for detecting fatty liver disease and estimating fat fraction values.
COMPETENCIAS PARENTALES EN EDUCACIÓN SEXUAL
Authors: Melo María José , Zicavo Nelson 
Published: September 2021

Esta investigación describe las competencias que madres y padres están utilizando en la educación sexual y prevención del abuso sexual de sus hijos en etapa escolar (en la VIII Región, Chile); considerando la prevención del abuso sexual como área relevante en una educación sexual integral. Desde la teoría sistémica de la sexualidad y un enfoque de género (con un diseño cualitativo de estudio de casos), padres y madres, apoderados, de una escuela municipalizada relataron sus experiencias. Considerando las categorías de género y la existencia de experiencia parental previa o su ausencia, se observa que los padres y madres desarrollan considerables competencias en su rol de educadores sexuales, con una visión que incorpora -en la educación cotidiana y de manera progresiva- una sexualidad integral, desde la apertura y desde el desarrollo de estrategias concretas.
PROPIEDADES PSICOMÉTRICAS DEL FACES IV: ESTUDIO DE VALIDEZ EN POBLACIÓN URUGUAYA
Authors: Costa Ball Daniel , González Tornaría María del Luján , Del Arca Denise , Olson David H. 
Published: September 2021

Este estudio instrumental analiza las propiedades psicométricas de una escala que evalúa el funcionamiento familiar a partir del Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES IV; Olson, 2011), aplicada a una muestra de 356 familias, mediante muestreo incidental en Montevideo. Se evalúa la estructura factorial, fiabilidad y validez de la versión abreviada. Se prueba mediante Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) el modelo de 6 factores que incluye dos escalas balanceadas (cohesión y flexibilidad) y cuatro escalas desbalanceadas (caótica, rígida, desligada, y enmarañada), cada una con 4 ítems. Todas las escalas demostraron tener adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, el AFC presenta índices de ajuste aceptables (RMSEA = .034; CFI = .92; TLI = .91; IFI = .92). Esta versión del instrumento resulta útil para la investigación del funcionamiento familiar. Es necesario realizar más estudios para mejorar su adaptación a nuestra cultura, analizando la validez de contenido en las escalas enmarañada y rígida.
ESTILOS PARENTALES Y CALIDAD DE VIDA FAMILIAR EN ADOLESCENTES CON CONDUCTAS DISRUPTIVAS
Authors: Navarrete Acuña Lucía , Ossa C. Carlos 
Published: September 2021

La siguiente investigación indaga sobre la relación entre las variables Estilos de Crianza, y Calidad de Vida Familiar, percibidas en padres de preadolescentes que presentan conductas disruptivas en el aula. El estudio es de carácter cuantitativo, descriptivo, correlacional y sus variables fueron medidas con los instrumentos Escala de Calidad de Vida Familiar ([ECVF] Summers, Hoffman, Marquis, Turnbull & Poston, 2005); y Cuestionario de dimensiones y estilos parentales (PSDQ) de Robinson, Mandleco, Olsen & Hart (1995). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 46 familias en las que se incluye padre, madre e hijo/a preadolescente de entre 11 y 13 años de edad de un colegio particular subvencionado de la ciudad de Chillán, Chile; que presentan problemas conductuales en el colegio. Los resultados muestran que el estilo de crianza predominante, tanto en padres como en hijos, es el estilo de crianza con autoridad; además, se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre las variables estilo de crianza con autoridad y calidad de vida familiar.
ESCOLA É “VIDA NA COMUNIDADE”: ANÁLISE SOBRE FECHAMENTO DE ESCOLAS DO CAMPO
Authors: De Mattos Margarete , De Souza Elodir Lourenço , Munarini Camila 
Published: September 2021

A temática fechamento de escola do campo tem sido fortemente discutida nos últimos anos em vários trabalhos científicos, sendo também fator de preocupação por parte das comunidades localizadas em área rural. Este artigo analisa a política de municipalização do ensino fundamental e de nucleação de escolas, indicando que tal política é o principal motivador do fechamento de milhares de escolas do campo no Brasil e de dezenas de escolas no Município de Passos Maia. Além disso, está elaboração apresenta dados sobre as escolas que foram fechadas no Município de Passos Maia e aponta os impactos negativos que a comunidade Conquista de Sepé obteve ao ser fechada sua escola local. Conclui-se, dessa forma, que fechar as Escolas do Campo provoca a destituição da organização social e da vivência comunitária. Nesta direção é que se localiza a afirmação de que Escola do Campo é “vida na comunidade”, por compreende-se que o fechamento/extinção de escolas do campo leva ao fechamento/extinção das comunidades rurais. Como instrumentos metodológicos, para a elaboração do trabalho, foram utilizados estudo bibliográfico e entrevistas.