bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grasshopper herbivory immediately affects element cycling but not export rates in an N‐limited grassland system
Authors: Potthast Karin , Meyer Stefanie , Tischer Alexander , Gleixner Gerd , Sieburg Anne , Frosch Torsten , Michalzik Beate 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs a cause of ecosystem disturbances, phytophagous insects are known to directly influence the element and organic matter (OM) cycling in ecosystems by their defoliation and excretion activity. This study focuses on the interplay between short‐term, insect herbivory, plant responses to feeding activity, rhizosphere processes, and belowground nutrient availability under nutrient‐poor soil conditions. To test the effects of insect herbivory on OM and nutrient cycling in an N‐limited pasture system, mesocosm laboratory experiments were conducted using Dactylis glomerata as common grass species and Chorthippus dorsatus, a widespread grasshopper species, to induce strong defoliating herbivory. 13CO2 pulse labeling was used together with labeled 15N feces to trace the fate of C in soil respiration at the beginning of herbivory, and of C and N in above‐ and belowground plant biomass, grasshopper, feces, bulk soil, soil microbial biomass, throughfall solutions, and soil solutions. Within five days, herbivory caused a reduction in aboveground grass biomass by about 34%. A linear mixed‐effects model revealed that herbivory significantly increased total dissolved C and N amounts in throughfall solutions by a factor of 4–10 (P < 0.05) compared with the control. In total, 27.6% of the initially applied feces 15N were translocated from the aboveground to the belowground system. A significant enrichment of 15N in roots led to the assumption that feces‐derived 15N was rapidly taken up to compensate for the frass‐related foliar N losses in light of N shortage. Soil microorganisms incorporated newly available 13C; however, the total amount of soil microbial biomass remained unaffected, while the exploitative grass species rapidly sequestered resources to facilitate its regrowth after herbivory attack. Heavy herbivory by insects infesting D. glomerata‐dominated, N‐deficient grasslands remarkably impacted belowground nutrient cycling by an instant amplification of available nutrients, which led to an intensified nutrient competition between plants and soil microorganisms. Consequently, these competitive plant–soil microbe interactions accelerated N cycling and effectively retained herbivory‐mediated C and N surplus release resulting in diminished N losses from the system. The study highlighted the overarching role of plant adaptations to in situ soil fertility in short‐term ecosystem disturbances.
Managing gardens for wildlife: Features that predict mammal presence and abundance in gardens vary seasonally
Authors: Van Helden Bronte E. , Close Paul G. , Stewart Barbara A. , Speldewinde Peter C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResidential gardens in urban areas offer substantial opportunities for biodiversity conservation. To realize this opportunity, a comprehensive understanding of which species prosper in gardens, which mechanisms promote their use of these green spaces and how these mechanisms can be manipulated by residents to achieve conservation outcomes, is needed. While substantial progress has been made in evaluating the mechanisms that influence the diversity, presence, and abundance of wildlife in gardens, how these mechanisms vary seasonally is largely unknown. This study investigated whether the garden features influencing the presence and/or abundance of arboreal, flying, and ground‐dwelling mammals in gardens varied seasonally using acoustic, trapping, and spotlighting surveys undertaken in four consecutive seasons (2018/19) in 52 gardens in southwestern Australia. As animal behavior and resource availability varies seasonally, we predicted that garden features influencing the presence and abundance of mammals in gardens would also vary seasonally. For arboreal and ground‐dwelling mammals, we found that some garden features (e.g., canopy cover and presence of dogs, respectively) were important in more than one season; however, none were important in all seasons with most only being influential in one. No garden features predicted the presence of flying mammals in more than one season. Our results suggest that sampling in a single or few seasons may fail to identify features influencing wildlife at times other than in the season of sampling, or alternatively, may overemphasize factors that do not operate across all seasons. Studies that consider the mechanisms on a seasonal basis will provide a more comprehensive list of features influencing the presence and abundance of animals in gardens. We suggest it is both those features that support wildlife in multiple or all seasons, and those that support critical life‐history events in a single season that could contribute to conservation if manipulated by residents appropriately.
Study on operation in microgrid including hydrogen supplying equipment for contributing power system operation
Authors: Nakamura Yuta , Aoki Mutsumi , Kado Yoshihide , Iki Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPromotion of renewable energy such as a photovoltaic generation (PV) is accelerated in the world; however, demand and supply balancing and voltage profile in power system may become worse by generation of renewable energy varied depend on weather condition. Therefore, alternative resources for demand and supply balancing and voltage regulation would be required and hydrogen supplying equipment known as power to gas (P2G), which can regulate active and reactive power by self‐commutation type converter is considered as one of alternative resources. The authors focus on a microgrid including hydrogen supplying equipment for participating demand and supply regulation market and regulating voltage profile in power system. This paper proposes novel method to operate effective and economically for contributing demand and supply regulation and voltage regulation and reveals regulation ability and economic effects obtained by contributing power system operation through numerical case studies in microgrid interconnected to power system.
Forging Inspired Processing of Sodium‐Fluorinated Graphene Composite as Dendrite‐Free Anode for Long‐Life Na–CO2 Cells
Authors: Mao Yangjun , Chen Xiao , Cheng Hao , Lu Yunhao , Xie Jian , Zhang Tao , Tu Jian , Xu Xiongwen , Zhu Tiejun , Zhao Xinbing 
Published: March 2021

Na–CO2 batteries recently are emerging as promising energy‐storage devices due to the abundance of Na in the earth's crust and the clean utilization of greenhouse gas CO2. However, similar to metallic Li, metallic Na also suffers from a serious issue of dendrite growth upon repeated cycling, while a facile method to solve this issue is still lacking. In this work, we report an effective, environmentally friendly method to inhibit Na dendrite growth by in situ constructing a stable, NaF‐rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer on metallic Na via adding a small amount (~3 wt%) of fluorinated graphene (FG) in bulk Na. Inspired by the forging processing, a uniform Na/FG composite was obtained by melting and repetitive FG‐adsorbing/hammering processes. The Na/FG–Na/FG half cell exhibits a low voltage hysteresis of 110–140 mV over 700 h at a current density up to 5 mA cm−2 with an areal capacity as high as 5 mAh cm−2. Na–CO2 full cell with the Na/FG anode is able to sustain a stable cycling of 391 cycles at a limited capacity of 1000 mAh g−1. Long cycle life of the cell can be attributed to the protecting effect of the in situ fabricated NaF‐rich SEI layer on metallic Na. Both experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm the formation of the NaF‐rich SEI layer. The inhibition effect of the NaF‐rich SEI layer for Na dendrites is verified by in situ optical microscopy observations.
Determinants of maximal oxygen uptake in patients with heart failure
Authors: Roibal Pravio Javier , Barge Caballero Eduardo , Barbeito Caamaño Cayetana , Paniagua Martin Maria Jesus , Barge Caballero Gonzalo , Couto Mallon David , Pardo Martinez Patricia , Grille Cancela Zulaika , Blanco Canosa Paula , García Pinilla Jose Manuel , Vázquez Rodríguez Jose Manuel , Crespo Leiro Maria Generosa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsMaximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) is an essential parameter to assess functional capacity of patients with heart failure (HF). We aimed to identify clinical factors that determine its value, as they have not been well characterized yet.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, observational, single‐centre study of 362 consecutive patients with HF who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) as part of standard clinical assessment since 2009–2019. CPET was performed on treadmill, according to Bruce's protocol (n = 360) or Naughton's protocol (n = 2). We performed multivariable linear regression analyses in order to identify independent clinical predictors associated with peak VO2max.ResultsMean age of study patients was 57.3 ± 10.9 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 32.8 ± 14.2%, and mean VO2max was 19.8 ± 5.2 mL/kg/min. Eighty‐nine (24.6%) patients were women, and 114 (31.5%) had ischaemic heart disease. Multivariable linear regression analysis identified six independent clinical predictors of VO2max, including NYHA class (B coefficient = −2.585; P < 0.001), age (B coefficient per 1 year = −0.104; P < 0.001), tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (B coefficient per 1 mm = +0.209; P < 0.001), body mass index (B coefficient per 1 kg/m2 = −0.172; P = 0.002), haemoglobin (B coefficient per 1 g/dL = +0.418; P = 0.007) and NT‐proBNP (B coefficient per 1000 pg/mL = −0.142; P = 0.019).ConclusionsThe severity of HF (NYHA class, NT‐proBNP) as well as age, body composition and haemoglobin levels influence significantly exercise capacity. In patients with HF, the right ventricular systolic function is of greater importance for the physical capacity than the left ventricular systolic function.
Peptide microarray‐based analysis of antibody responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 identifies unique epitopes with potential for diagnostic test development
Authors: Holenya Pavlo , Lange Paul Joris , Reimer Ulf , Woltersdorf Wolfram , Panterodt Thomas , Glas Michael , Wasner Mark , Eckey Maren , Drosch Michael , Hollidt Jörg‐Michael , Naumann Michael , Kern Florian , Wenschuh Holger , Lange Robert , Schnatbaum Karsten , Bier Frank F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHumoral immunity to the Severe Adult Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus (CoV)‐2 is not fully understood yet but is a crucial factor of immune protection. The possibility of antibody cross‐reactivity between SARS‐CoV‐2 and other human coronaviruses (HCoVs) would have important implications for immune protection but also for the development of specific diagnostic ELISA tests. Using peptide microarrays, n = 24 patient samples and n = 12 control samples were screened for antibodies against the entire SARS‐CoV‐2 proteome as well as the Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N), VME1 (V), R1ab, and Protein 3a (AP3A) of the HCoV strains SARS, MERS, OC43, and 229E. While widespread cross‐reactivity was revealed across several immunodominant regions of S and N, IgG binding to several SARS‐CoV‐2‐derived peptides provided statistically significant discrimination between COVID‐19 patients and controls. Selected target peptides may serve as capture antigens for future, highly COVID‐19‐specific diagnostic antibody tests.
Identification of the chemical composition of six essential oils with mass spectroscopy and evaluation of their antibacterial and antioxidant potential
Authors: Nait Irahal Imane , azzahra Lahlou Fatima , Hmimid Fouzia , Errami Ahmed , Guenaou Ismail , Diawara Idrissa , Kettani‐Halabi Mohamed , Fahde Sirine , Ouafik L’Houcine , Bourhim Noureddine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study determined the chemical composition of Cinnamomum verum J.Presl, Cistus ladaniferus L., Laurus nobilis L., Senecio anteuphorbuim, Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. and Schinus molle L. essential oils (EOs) by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Moreover, the six EOs were screened in order to reveal their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. They were initially tested against six pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA: methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus), Escherichia coli (ESBL: extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases), Enterococcus faecalis (VRE: vancomycin‐resistant enterococcus), Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRK: carbapenem‐resistant klebsiella), clinical isolate Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Then, the antioxidant effect was assessed by β‐carotene‐linoleic acid. Cinnamomum verum J.Presl, Cistus ladaniferus L. and Laurus nobilis L. exhibited the greatest antibacterial activity except Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. oil. But this last one showed the highest antioxidant activity (85.75%) comparable to that of BHT (98.25%). The principal component analysis between the antibacterial activity and the twenty major components of six EOs revealed that α‐pinene, β‐pinene, 4‐carene, α‐phellandrene, 1,8‐cineole, linalool, 1,3,8‐p‐menthatriene, α‐terpineol, cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamaldehyde are responsible for their antibacterial activity against multi‐resistant strains. From this study, the results obtained show that the EOs may constitute an alternative to the emergence of multidrug‐resistant bacteria.
Effects of ultrasound and microwave pretreatments on hydrodistillation extraction of essential oils from Kumquat peel
Authors: Yu Fen , Wan Na , Zheng Qin , Li Yuanhui , Yang Ming , Wu Zhenfeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMain objectives of this work were to investigate the influences of ultrasound pretreatment (UP) and microwave pretreatment (MP) on extraction kinetics, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of Kumquat peel essential oil (EO) obtained by hydrodistillation extraction (HDE). The effects of ultrasound power and processing time, and microwave power and processing time were evaluated. As compared with HDE individually, UP and MP decreased the extraction time, increased the yield and DPPH radical‐scavenging activity but did not noticeably affect chemical composition of the EO. For UP and MP, the highest EO yield was obtained when the ultrasonic power and processing time, and microwave power and processing time were 210 W and 30 min, 300 W and 6 min, respectively. In comparison with MP, UP gave a higher yield and DPPH radical‐scavenging activity of the EO. Overall, UP and MP are promising techniques for HDE of EO from kumquat peel.
Correlates of institutionalization among the oldest old—Evidence from the multicenter AgeCoDe‐AgeQualiDe study
Authors: Hajek André , Luppa Melanie , Brettschneider Christian , van der Leeden Carolin , van den Bussche Hendrik , Oey Anke , Wiese Birgitt , Weyerer Siegfried , Werle Jochen , Fuchs Angela , Pentzek Michael , Löbner Margrit , Stein Janine , Weeg Dagmar , Bickel Horst , Heser Kathrin , Wagner Michael , Scherer Martin , Maier Wolfgang , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. , König Hans‐Helmut 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThere is a lack of studies identifying the correlates of institutionalization specifically among the oldest old. Therefore, our aim was to fill this gap in knowledge.MethodsCross‐sectional data (Follow up wave 9; n = 633 observations in the analytical sample) were used from the multicenter prospective cohort study “Needs, health service use, costs and health‐related quality of life in a large sample of oldest‐old primary care patients (85+)” Correlates of institutionalization among the oldest old—Evidence from a multicenter cohort study. The sample consists of primary care patients aged 86 years and over (mean 90.5 years, SD: 2.9 years). Sociodemographic and health‐related independent variables were included in our regression model. Institutionalization was defined as living in a nursing home or an old‐age home (not including assisted living facilities).ResultsOut of the 633 participants, 502 individuals (79.3%) did not live in an institutionalized setting, whereas 73 individuals (20.7%) lived in an institutionalized setting. Multiple logistic regressions showed that the likelihood of institutionalization increased with being divorced/widowed/single (compared to being married; OR: 5.35 [95% CI: 1.75–16.36]), the presence of social isolation (OR: 2.07 [1.20–3.59]), more depressive symptoms (OR: 1.11 [1.01–1.23]), increased cognitive impairment (OR: 1.67 [1.31–2.15]) and higher levels of frailty (OR: 1.48 [1.07–2.06]).ConclusionThe study findings identified various sociodemographic and health‐related factors associated with institutionalization among the oldest old. Longitudinal studies are required to gain further insights into these associations.
The knowledge based view and global strategy: Past impact and future potential
Authors: Grant Robert , Phene Anupama 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryThe centrality of knowledge to the global arena has allowed scholars in this area to play a leading role in developing the knowledge‐based view (KBV) of the firm. We propose that broadening the KBV to take account of the social constructionist approach to knowledge and the multilevel nature of knowledge processes, can build a more serviceable knowledge‐based theory of global strategy. Specifically, we urge research in three directions, the exploration of a KBV of economic organization in a global context, which would encompass macro institutions as well as individuals; focus on the foundational construct of knowledge that would integrate human and machine learning in the global arena; and the creation of a comprehensive framework of knowledge types and knowledge processes across space.Managerial SummaryLack of consensus over the nature of knowledge has prevented the KBV from developing into an integrated, stand‐alone theory of the MNE, but has not constrained its ability to provide penetrating insights into global strategy and the management of the MNE. Empirical research shows that the processes through which knowledge is generated and applied in the global arena are complex and contextually differentiated. To extend and synthesize our understanding of these complex processes, we propose the development of a knowledge based theory of global strategy. We advocate extending the KBV in three areas, first, consideration of a KBV of organization in a global context that extends beyond the MNE to consider institutions and individuals, second, a focus on knowledge as a key construct to incorporate recent technological advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning, and third, development of a framework of types and processes of knowledge that have implications for management across locations.
Automated fusion of multimodal imaging data for identifying epileptogenic lesions in patients with inconclusive magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Mareček Radek , Říha Pavel , Bartoňová Michaela , Kojan Martin , Lamoš Martin , Gajdoš Martin , Vojtíšek Lubomír , Mikl Michal , Bartoň Marek , Doležalová Irena , Pail Martin , Strýček Ondřej , Pažourková Marta , Brázdil Milan , Rektor Ivan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany methods applied to data acquired by various imaging modalities have been evaluated for their benefit in localizing lesions in magnetic resonance (MR) negative epilepsy patients. No approach has proven to be a stand‐alone method with sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity. The presented study addresses the potential benefit of the automated fusion of results of individual methods in presurgical evaluation. We collected electrophysiological, MR, and nuclear imaging data from 137 patients with pharmacoresistant MR‐negative/inconclusive focal epilepsy. A subgroup of 32 patients underwent surgical treatment with known postsurgical outcomes and histopathology. We employed a Gaussian mixture model to reveal several classes of gray matter tissue. Classes specific to epileptogenic tissue were identified and validated using the surgery subgroup divided into two disjoint sets. We evaluated the classification accuracy of the proposed method at a voxel‐wise level and assessed the effect of individual methods. The training of the classifier resulted in six classes of gray matter tissue. We found a subset of two classes specific to tissue located in resected areas. The average classification accuracy (i.e., the probability of correct classification) was significantly higher than the level of chance in the training group (0.73) and even better in the validation surgery subgroup (0.82). Nuclear imaging, diffusion‐weighted imaging, and source localization of interictal epileptic discharges were the strongest methods for classification accuracy. We showed that the automatic fusion of results can identify brain areas that show epileptogenic gray matter tissue features. The method might enhance the presurgical evaluations of MR‐negative epilepsy patients.
Irreversibility analysis of nanofluid flow induced by peristaltic waves in the presence of concentration‐dependent viscosity
Authors: Akbar Y. , Abbasi F. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present study employs irreversibility analysis for the peristaltic movement of a nanofluid. The viscosity of the nanofluid is assumed to vary with the local concentration of colloidal particles. Impacts of thermophoresis, magnetic field, Brownian motion, Ohmic heating, viscous dissipation, and buoyant forces are considered in the flow analysis. Equations representing the flow and heat/mass transfer are prepared by employing Buongiorno's model for nanofluids. The lubrication approach is used to simplify the governing equations. The resulting system of differential equations is numerically solved with the aid of NDSolve in Mathematica. Results for entropy generation, Bejan number, velocity, temperature, and concentration are graphically presented. Outcomes show that entropy generation and temperature reduce by increasing the values of viscosity parameter. By increasing buoyancy forces due to temperature difference, the entropy generation increases, whereas the concentration profile shows a decreasing behavior. Maximum velocity reduces with an increment in the Hartman number.
Interferometric optical fiber sensor for optoacoustic endomicroscopy
Authors: Ülgen Okan , Shnaiderman Rami , Zakian Christian , Ntziachristos Vasilis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOptical fiber sensors can offer robust and miniaturized detection of wideband ultrasound, yielding high sensitivity and immunity to electromagnetic interference. However, the lack of cost‐effective manufacturing methods prevents the disseminated use of these sensors in biomedical applications. In this study, we developed and optimized a simple method to create optical cavities with high‐quality mirrors for acoustic sensing based on micro‐manipulation of UV‐curable optical adhesives and electroless chemical silver deposition. This approach enables the manufacturing of ultrasound sensors based on Fabry‐Pérot interferometers on optical fiber tips with minimal production costs. Characterization and high‐resolution optoacoustic imaging experiments show that the manufacturing process yielded a fiber sensor with a small NEP () over a broad detection bandwidth (25 MHz), generally outperforming conventional piezoelectric based transducers. We discuss how the new manufacturing process leads to a high‐performance acoustic detector that, due to low cost, can be used as a disposable sensor.