bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring nanotechnology for diagnostic, therapy and medicine
Authors: Chithrakumar T. , Thangamani M , Pon miruthu vasini S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn current days, knowledge enhancement is growing more. Nanotechnology can applied to self-repeating machines and mechanical technology, compound designing, mechanical designing, science, natural designing, and electrical designing. Nanotechnology has the great preference to improves produce new and superior product. Nanomaterials to perceive avoid and eliminate pollution. Nanotechnologies are blueprint, invention and applied in medicine, therapy, diagnostic, sequencing and environmental protection. The usage of nanotechnology is rapidly increases in entire future market. This article explore the nanotechnology for medicine, diagnostic and therapy.
Blue Water Footrpint- Industrial Water Consumption Nexus: A Case of Water Supply for Industrial Activities in Semambu Water Treatment Plant
Authors: Aziz E A , Moni S N , Yussof N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Water supply and industrial activities have a common attribute of being insufficient water resources. Both are involved in water footprint and water consumption Nexus, meaning that industrial water consumption is impacting the water footprint of water treatment plants within the same area. Therefore, in order to achieve the environmental sustainability of water resource, the requirement of having effective approach in water utilisation accounting is crucial. Thus, water consumption for industrial activities and water footprint of Semambu water treatment plant has been a case study to link the nexus. As the industrial development is expanding each year, water demand for water supply also increases. Generally, heavy industrial activities consume more water than the other types of industries. In this study, heavy industrial activities of water consumption show an impact towards total water footprint of the particular water treatment plant in Kuantan river basin. In 2018, the percentage of highest industries that exist is manufacturing sector with 32% while the lowest is 1% compared to 2015, 2016 and 2017 that only scored 30% for manufacturing sector respectively. This shown that there is an increment growth in manufacturing sector in 2018 when they suddenly go up 2% higher compared to 3 years previously. The results focus on total water footprint accounting of Semambu water treatment plant (WTP) and the impact of total blue water consumptions for industrial activities. Finally, total water footprint of water treatment plants in Kuantan river basin will be sustained to cater the industrial needs except for Semambu WTP since Semambu is a gazetted area for industrial. Hence the new method of water utilisation for the industrial activities must be proposed to decrease the dependent towards WTP, especially in Semambu area.
Compressive Sensing: Methods, Techniques, and Applications
Authors: Upadhyaya Vivek , Mohammad Salim Dr. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
According to the latest research, it is very much clear that in future we require a huge amount of data as modern advancement in communication and signal processing generates a large number of bytes some examples are 5G peak data rate about 300 Mb/sec, an image of black hole required several petabytes to store & in medical signal processing huge amount of data required. So, by these examples, we can easily understand the scarcity of storage in near future. To overcome this problem of data scarcity such type of data compression is required in which the information of the signal will not be degraded. A well-known method is Compressive Sensing which can easily tackle this problem of data compression.
Prediction and Classification of Lung Cancer Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Chaturvedi Pragya , Jhamb Anuj , Vanani Meet , Nemade Varsha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In all the disease that have existed in mankind lung cancer has emerged as one of the most fata one time and again. Also, it is one of the most common and contributing to deaths among all the cancers. Cases of lung cancer are increasing rapidly. There are about 70,000 cases per year in India. The disease has a tendency to be asymptomatic mostly in its earlier stages thus making it nearly impossible to detect. That’s why early cancer detection plays an important part in saving lives. An early detection can give a patient a better chance to cure and recover. Technology plays a major role in detecting cancer efficiently. Many researchers have proposed different methods based on their studies. In recent times, to use computer technology to solve this problem, several computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) techniques as well as system have been proposed, developed as well as emerged. Those systems use various Machine learning techniques as well as deep learning techniques, there also have been several methods based off of image processing-based techniques to predict the malignancy level of cancer. Here, in this paper, the aim will be focussed onto list, discuss, compare and analyse several methods in image segmentation, feature extraction as well as various techniques to classify and detect lung cancer in there early stages.
Study on the effect of sintered flyash aggregate and steel fibre on the properties of high performance concrete
Authors: Pradeep P , Beena Mol M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Light weight aggregates are better solutions for making the structure light weight and they are widely used in construction. Other than the light weight behaviour, the porous nature of these aggregates helps in retaining water content and aids in curing the concrete. Sintered flyash aggregate (SINTAG) is a type of light weight aggregate that can be used as coarse aggregate in concrete. Water content retained through presoaking these aggregates helps in extended hydration of cementitious materials and can increase the strength of concrete even in the absence of proper external curing practice. Steel fibre reinforcement can increase the tensile and flexural strength of concrete. Presoaked SINTAG was added by replacing various percentages of coarse aggregate volume in concrete and steel fibre was added at different percentages by volume of concrete. It was obtained that 20% replacement of coarse aggregate by volume with SINTAG increased the strength of normal concrete by 26.7 % and split tensile strength increased by 2.8%. Addition of steel fibres to SINTAG concrete at 1% increased its compressive strength additionally by 6.2% and tensile strength additionally by 35.1%. Durability studies showed that chloride ion penetration of normal and SINTAG incorporated concrete were low. Water permeability tests revealed that normal, SINTAG and fibre reinforced SINTAG concretes can be used for water retaining structures as well as aggressive environments. Flexural strength of normal RCC beam increased 7.7% when SINTAG was incorporated while it again increased 9.6% when steel fibre was added. Fibre reinforced SINTAG concrete beam showed much less deflection compared to normal and SINTAG beams.
A methodology for the effective use of materials in concrete paving block
Authors: Edayadiyil J B , Mathew S , Joy M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
For a long time, concrete paving blocks have been broadly utilized in different countries as a specialized problem-solving technique to provide pavement in areas where, traditional forms of construction were less robust due to several drawbacks. Low maintenance, ease of placing and evacuation and quick use after installation make it best fit for various utilizations where the conventional pavement technologies are not practical or desirable. So there emerges a dynamic enthusiasm for the concepts of the mix design process for the development of concrete paving blocks arises. This paper aims to develop an optimized mix design for concrete paver blocks for medium traffic as per relevant codes, considering quality and economy. To maximise the particle packing density of concrete, the packing density approach was used here. The method of packing density receipt maximises the concrete material packing density by selecting the perfect measure of different aggregates to fill the voids, allowing a denser and firmer structure. The higher degree of particle packing contributes to minimum voids, maximum density, and thus fewer cement and water demands, leading ideal medium traffic design.
A critical review on the factors influencing the design of test methods for assessing acid attack in concrete
Authors: Mariam Ninan Chinnu , Ramaswamy K P , Sajeeb R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Concrete being alkaline in nature is highly vulnerable to acidic environment. When concrete is exposed to industrial effluents, the acids in these effluents alter the chemical equilibrium of cement matrix resulting in microstructural deterioration. Currently, there are no standard procedures for assessing the performance of concrete subjected to acid attack. In order to develop such test methods, explicit knowledge about the factors influencing test method for assessing the acid attack is imperative. This paper outlines the need to develop such test methods and also classifies the factors influencing the selection of test methods as test condition related factors, specimen related factors and acid related factors. Test condition related factors comprises of the testing environment adopted for the study. The test should simulate the actual conditions and type of attack expected to occur at the field, which can be achieved through replenishment of acid solution, alternate wetting and drying, abrasion etc. Specimen related factors deal with the physical properties of the specimen used whereas the acid related factors include various aspects of acid chosen for the study other than its material properties. As the surface area to volume ratio of the specimen increases, more surface area is exposed to the chemical attack, which hastens the rate of deterioration. Also, the ratio of volume of acid solution to specimen enhances rate of concrete degradation. Hence, many factors together have to be considered and studied properly while designing a test method for assessing acid attack.
Liquefaction resistance improvement of silty sands using cyclic preloading
Authors: Akhila M , Rangaswamy K , Sankar N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Liquefaction induced damages are plenty and cause various levels of destruction to civil engineering infrastructure. It is possible to prevent liquefaction-induced hazards by understanding the mechanism and adopting some improvement techniques or design the structure to resist the soil liquefaction. In the present study, the influence of cyclic preloading on the liquefaction resistance of sand-silt mixtures is analyzed by conducting undrained cyclic triaxial tests on the cylindrical samples reconstituted at medium dense conditions (Dr = 50%). All samples were tested at an effective confining pressure of 100 kPa by varying the cyclic stress ratios (CSR) in the range of 0.127 to 0.178 using a sinusoidal waveform of frequency 1 Hz. The results are presented in the forms of the pore pressure build-up, axial strain variation and liquefaction resistance curves. Test results indicate that the liquefaction resistance of silty sands is increased substantially with the application of preload under drained conditions.
Analysis of tall chimney with piled raft foundation under wind load using ANSYS
Authors: Mathew A S , Mohan R P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chimneys are the principal structures in any industry that emits pollutants to higher parts of the atmosphere. The geometrical traits of the chimney are so unique that it has slender dimensions and tapering geometry and therefore the analysis and design of chimney and other forms of tower structures should be carried out individually. Nowadays chimney heights have gone up from 100 m to more than 400 m according to the purpose that it serves. These tall chimneys are very sensitive to wind loads. Wind load is one of the most important parameters that affect the response of tall building’s chimneys. When tall chimneys are subjected to wind load, it may undergo lateral deflection. It also leads to the development of radial and tangential moments along with base moments. The dynamic wind effects on chimneys by analytical procedures are intricate and take a great amount of time. To analyze and further improve the response of chimneys, analysis using commercial finite element (FE) software ANSYS is carried out. Chimney with and without providing stiffeners is analyzed using ANSYS and the lateral deflection and bending moment found from the chimney models are compared. This method is more economical and time-saving.
Planning for resilient transport infrastructure for disaster prone area – Case study of Munnar town
Authors: Salini P N , Saran M S , Sabitha N M , Sreeja S S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Critical infrastructure networks, including transport, are crucial to the social and economic function of urban areas and the state as a whole but are at increasing risk recently from natural hazards. Minimizing disruption to the transportation networks should form part of a strategy to increase resilience of infrastructure. The recent flood and landslide havocs in Kerala had a devastating effect in the state particularly in hilly regions like Munnar, wherein the landslides will aggravate the devastating effect of rain havoc. Absence of a resilient transportation network was well evident while the evacuation plans were sought for. This highlights the necessity of providing a befitting and robust transport means which would remain useful in all such tough times of emergency requirements for saving lives. This paper presents a GIS mapping of disaster affected locations in the roadway network of the study region. Alternate routes were identified which have the potential to be developed into all-weather bituminous surfaced roads for emergency use in times of disasters. Also, shelter locations are identified for emergency relief operations and were analyzed and mapped in GIS platform with attribute data regarding their accessibility. Hydrological studies were conducted in the study area in order to find the total discharge during the flood, the direction of flow, the flow accumulation, etc.
Salinity reduction in well water using zeolite
Authors: Sruthy M R , Akhila M , Rose Davis Neena 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Saline water intrusion is one of the global issues, which increases the demand for freshwater around the coastal region. The saline content in drinking water makes so many health impacts on human beings. There are many new technologies available for reducing salinity such as desalination, membrane technologies, reverse osmosis, etc. But these are expensive too. There is a need for cost-effective treatment which is suitable for domestic purpose in coastal regions. In this paper, a new technique is introduced which reduces the saline content in groundwater by installing this barrier device in wells of coastal regions. A non-woven Geo textile along with natural zeolite is used as a filter cum adsorption unit. Tests results show a decrease in electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids with an increase in filter thickness for all selected salt concentrations irrespective of the adsorbent materials used viz., natural zeolite and thermally activated natural zeolite. This indicated a reduction in chloride ions as the only salt added to the water samples tested was commercial salt. Authors suggest that a thermally activated zeolite filter could be a possible cost-effective, efficient and easy solution for increasing saline water intrusion issues in coastal drinking water wells.
Comparison of hydrodynamic and sediment transport model for dam break analysis over mobile bed
Authors: Sruthi S , Reeba T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A dam failure causing uncontrolled release of impounded water can cause considerable damage to life and properties. The intensity of the failure of dams varies depending on the extent of the flood characteristics, the size of the flooded area, the size of the population at risk and the time available for warning. In addition to this, huge morphological changes also occur at the downstream of the dam due to the dam break flood. This leads to the need for an analysis of sediment transport, together with the hydrodynamic analysis of the dam break flow, to provide a realistic picture of its devastating impact. This study uses an open source CFD software named TELEMAC-MASCARET to prepare a numerical model to simulate a 2-D dam break flow over mobile bed. A hydrodynamic model and an integrated model that comprises of sediment transport analysis are prepared and the results are compared to determine the most effective model for a 2-D dam break analysis. The study indicates that the integrated model performs better than the hydrodynamic model and replicates the real scenario more adequately.
Identification of water scarce regions of kunthipuzha river basin using water allocation tool
Authors: Neethu Sidharth P , Thomas Reeba 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Water scarcity and consequent droughts are of serious concern for almost all countries around the world. Since climate change is expected to exacerbate the already existing water stresses, the improvement of water efficiency against water scarcity and drought is very much important. The study aims at pin pointing the water stressed areas in Kunthipuzha River basin so that management practices can be suggested for the identified areas to minimize the water scarcity problems. To contribute towards this goal, Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model is used, which is a Decision Support System (DSS) to assess water availability and investigate the impacts of different water allocation scenarios (water demand management strategies) aimed at meeting various sectorial water demands. The results from the study revealed that out of 13 sub basins of Kunthipuzha, 2 comes under severely stressed, 2 under moderately stressed and 3 under lowly stressed regions. The results derived can be used in future to work out feasible management practices for mitigating the water scarcity problems.
Shoreline-change detection at kodungallur – chettuva region in kerala state
Authors: Amrutha T K , Reeba T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Coastline of Kerala has been experiencing severe erosion/accretion in the past decades, making it vulnerable to coastline changes alike other parts of the world. For a densely populated state like Kerala, the coastal erosion has become a critical issue because of the acute shortage of land especially due to large population density in the coastal zone. This paper mainly aims to prepare shoreline maps using ERDAS IMAGINE and ArcGIS.3 software’s, and to determine shoreline change occurred in the last two decades using DSAS software and identify the most vulnerable area susceptible to shoreline-changes. The study area selected is Kodugallur-Chettuva coastal region in Kerala State. From this study, it is found that the maximum change in shoreline occurred at Vadanappally with a magnitude of 726m due to erosion and at Koorikuzhi with a magnitude 94 m due to accretion. Other critical hotspots found in the study area are Engandiyoor, Palapetty, Poklai, Aattupuram, Kara and Azhikode. It is high time to strategically plan and implement hard/soft coastal protection measures to slow down or prevent further coastal erosion.
Delineation of water body from Sentinel 2 MSI imagery – A comparative study
Authors: Sherjah P Y , Sajikumar N 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRemote sensing gives a synoptic view of the extent of water area and also assists in understanding the spatial and temporal variations in the water surface coverage. Several methods have been adopted for extracting water pixels from an imagery. Delineation of water bodies has been attempted based on threshold values at a single band, band ratios or normalized difference indices. The accuracy of a method depends on the geophysical and spectral characteristics of the area of study. The present study attempts to compare the performance of widely used water extraction indices NDWI, MNDWI, SNN with the water pixels extracted by atmospheric correction processors C2RCC and Acolite. The Sentinel 2 imageries of the northern region of Vembanad Lake has been used for the study. The comparison on these methods indicated that C2RCC could extract even the finer streams that were not identified by most of the other methods. The presence of turbidity may be a reason for these pixels to be unidentified by the other methods. The temporal variations in the water surface coverage was also attempted here, by comparing the water area in March 2019, October 2019, December 2019.
Techno-economic assessment of air cooling/ventilating methods for the college convention center
Authors: Ananda M H , Raghavendra K , Ballaji Adithya , Ankaiah Burri , Sagar B S , Raghu C N , Doddabasappa N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present building of college convention center posing the problem of improper ventilated and heated atmosphere in most of its parts during large gathering programs. Major part of the building exposed to the sun the roof being heated throughout the day. The additional heat gain is adding up from occupants, light appliances etc. Since there is no provision for the exhaust, it is posing the problem of heated air inside the building. Making the people sweat and suffocate due to lack of fresh or sufficient air circulation. Looking at the climatic zone and the use of convention center for few hours in a day over few days in a year. This paper includes inspection and evaluation of convention center building for establishing balanced thermal atmosphere and improving air quality that satisfies the majority of occupants. Different techniques and methods of building cooling like air cooler and wind turbo rooftop air ventilators are considered. It is proposed to go for low cost natural rooftop ventilation supplemented with additional fans or air coolers at strategic points for improved ventilation and thermal comfort for occupants. Following the concepts of passive cooling techniques or adopting retrofits reduces heat generation and energy consumption.
Mapping the spatial and social changes in Tamil migrant communities in Vathuruthy, Ernakulam
Authors: Aathira H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In recent years, Kerala has witnessed an inflow of migrant labourers from various parts of the country. With rapid urbanisation and booms in the real estate markets in Kerala, the state’s economy has seen an increase in the construction sector, which indirectly brings more migrants as a part of growing urbanisation. The research has its focus laid on Vathuruthy, which is believed to be the largest Tamil migrant settlement in the city. This research critically analyses how the area increased in its urban sprawl and also compares the housing situation of these migrant communities in view of their actual housing typology. The outcomes of the research suggest that there exists a housing prototype that has been evolved from the concepts of mixed-use and flexible spaces. A co-relation of housing typology and various other physical parameters was found which had similarities to the housing typology that the migrants had back in their native hometown. Due to the rapid increase in the inflow of these migrants and their settlement in Vathuruthy, the state government has taken initiatives in the betterment of their community like providing basic infrastructure facilities. With the increase in rapid urbanisation and the possibility of a much larger inflow of immigrants, the research stands as a strong base to how the migrants have adapted to their living spaces in view of factors like liveability and adaptability. The research will highlight a study that looks into how the migrants have adapted and converted their households based on their aspiration ladder.