bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of magnesium AZ31 coronary stents manufacture
Authors: Nuñez-Nava Mariana , Vazquez Elisa , Ortega-Lara Wendy , Rodriguez Ciro A , García-López Erika 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
AZ31 magnesium coronary stents were studied through a manufacturing process chain involving laser cutting, acid pickling, and dip coating. The purpose of this study was to evaluate surface thickness and geometrical dimensions of stents after processing. Stents were dip coated in a solution using PCL with 1% of TiO2. Additionally, AZ31 coronary stents were dynamically tested using a degradation system based on peristaltic pumps. Our results indicate that coated stents degraded slower than AZ31 uncoated control stents. After 4 weeks of dynamic degradation under flowing Hank’s solution, coated stents lost only ∼9% in weight while uncoated stents lost ∼27% in weight. Stents were qualitatively evaluated after four weeks of degradation. Our results demonstrate the formation of micro-pores after one and two weeks of degradation for coated stents. Lamination was observed after three weeks of degradation, meanwhile, uncoated stents resulted with notches and an irregular surface caused by degradation.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Alcohol and Other Substance Use Disorders in Young Adulthood: Findings from a Canadian Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Fuller-Thomson Esme , Lewis Danielle A , Agbeyaka Senyo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aim
(a) To document the prevalence and odds of (i) alcohol use disorders, (ii) cannabis use disorders, (iii) other drug use disorders and (iv) any substance use disorder (SUD), among young adults with and without ADHD, and (b) to investigate the degree to which the association between ADHD and SUDs is attenuated by socio-demographics, early adversities and mental health.

Method
Secondary analysis of the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (CCHS-MH). The sample included 6872 respondents aged 20–39, of whom 270 had ADHD. The survey response rate was 68.9%.

Measurements
Substance Use Disorder: World Health Organization’s Composite International Diagnostic Interview criteria, SUDs, were derived from lifetime algorithms for alcohol, cannabis and other substance abuse or dependence. ADHD was based on self-report of a health professional’s diagnosis.

Findings
One in three young adults with ADHD had a lifetime alcohol use disorder (36%) compared to 19% of those without ADHD (P &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for all control variables, those with ADHD had higher odds of developing alcohol use disorders (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.81), cannabis use disorders (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.00), other drug use disorders (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.46, 2.95) and any SUD (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.23). History of depression and anxiety led to the largest attenuation of the ADHD-SUD relationship, followed by childhood adversities and socioeconomic status.

Conclusions
Young adults with ADHD have a high prevalence of alcohol and other SUDs. Targeted outreach and interventions for this extremely vulnerable population are warranted.
Post-Mastectomy Surgical Pocket Irrigation With Triple Antibiotic Solution vs Chlorhexidine Gluconate: A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Surgical Site Infections in Immediate Tissue Expander Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Nguyen Lyly , Afshari Ashkan , Green Japjit , Joseph Jeremy , Yao Jun , Perdikis Galen , Higdon Kent K 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Post-mastectomy pocket irrigation solution choice is debated and primarily surgeon dependent. We compare triple antibiotic solution (TAS) with 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG).

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine surgical site infection (SSI) rates after utilizing TAS vs CHG for breast pocket irrigation in immediate tissue expander (TE) breast reconstruction.

Methods
A prospective, blinded, randomized controlled trial was performed in patients (18-81 years old) who underwent bilateral mastectomy with TE reconstruction. In each patient, 1 mastectomy pocket was randomized to TAS and the other to CHG. Both the TE and the pocket were irrigated in the respective solution. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI. Secondary outcomes were rates of mastectomy flap necrosis, hematoma, and seroma.

Results
A total of 88 patients who underwent bilateral immediate breast reconstruction were enrolled. Demographic and operative characteristics were equivalent because each patient served as their own control. Between the TAS and CHG groups, the incidence of SSI did not differ (5 [4.5%] vs 7 [8.0%], P = 0.35), including minor infections (2 [2.3%] vs 1 [1.1%], P = 0.56), major infections (2 [2.3%] vs 6 [6.8%], P = 0.15), and those resulting in explantation (2 [2.3%] vs 5 [4.5%], P = 0.25). Necrosis, hematoma, or seroma formation also did not differ. No patients who developed SSI received radiation.

Conclusions
This study does not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in SSI between TAS and CHG irrigation, though TAS approached statistical significance for lower rates of infectious complications.

Level of Evidence: 2
Prolonged Consumption of Sweetened Beverages Lastingly Deteriorates Cognitive Functions and Reward Processing in Mice
Authors: Hamelin Héloïse , Poizat Ghislaine , Florian Cédrick , Kursa Miron Bartosz , Pittaras Elsa , Callebert Jacques , Rampon Claire , Taouis Mohammed , Hamed Adam , Granon Sylvie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We investigated the detrimental effects of chronic consumption of sweet or sweetened beverages in mice. We report that consumption of beverages containing small amounts of sucrose during several weeks impaired reward systems. This is evidenced by robust changes in the activation pattern of prefrontal brain regions associated with abnormal risk-taking and delayed establishment of decision-making strategy. Supporting these findings, we find that chronic consumption of low doses of artificial sweeteners such as saccharin disrupts brain regions’ activity engaged in decision-making and reward processes. Consequently, this leads to the rapid development of inflexible decisions, particularly in a subset of vulnerable individuals. Our data also reveal that regular consumption, even at low doses, of sweet or sweeteners dramatically alters brain neurochemistry, i.e., dopamine content and turnover, and high cognitive functions, while sparing metabolic regulations. Our findings suggest that it would be relevant to focus on long-term consequences on the brain of sweet or sweetened beverages in humans, especially as they may go metabolically unnoticed.
Structural Brain Changes and Associated Symptoms of ADHD Subtypes in Children
Authors: Mu ShuHua , Wu HuiJun , Zhang Jian , Chang ChunQi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is presumed to be heterogeneous, but the best way to characterize this heterogeneity remains unclear. Although considerable evidence suggests that the 2 different types of ADHD, inattention and combined, have different cognitive and behavioral profiles, and underlying neurobiologies, we currently lack information on whether these subtypes reflect separated brain structure changes. Structural magnetic resonance imaging scans (N = 234), diagnostic, and demographic information were obtained from the ADHD-200 database. Of this sample, 138 were Typically Developing people, 37 were ADHD-Combined, and 59 were ADHD-Inattentive patients. Freesurfer segmentation methods were used to measure cortical thickness, area, and volume, subcortical volume and hipposubfield volume. ADHD-Inattentive patients showed milder clinical symptoms but more serious cognitive injury than ADHD-Combined patients. In addition, dissociable structural brain changes were found in different subtypes of ADHD, particularly in terms of decreased subcortical volume in ADHD-Combined patients compared with Typically Developing people. Clinical symptoms were predominantly related to smaller rh_caudalanteriorcingulate thickness and left-Pallidum volume, whereas verbal IQ injury was correlated strongly with smaller rh_insula area. These findings indicate that there are significant differences in clinical symptoms and gray matter damage between ADHD-Combined and -Inattentive patients. This supports the growing evidence of heterogeneity in the ADHD-Inattentive subtype and the evidence of brain structure differences.
Oxytocin Modulates Neural Individuation/Categorization Processing of Faces in Early Face-Selective Areas
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Ding , Li Hong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is known as a neuropeptide that promotes social adaptation. Individuating racial in-group members and viewing racial out-groups in categories is an adaptive strategy that evolved to aid effective social interaction. Nevertheless, whether OT modulates the neural individuation/categorization processing of racial in-group and out-group faces remain unknown. After intranasal OT or placebo administration, 46 male participants (OT: 24, placebo: 22) were presented with face pairs with the same or different identities or races in rapid succession. The neural repetition suppression (RS) effects to identity and race were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as indices of individuation/categorization face-processing. The results showed that while OT increased the RS effect to race, it decreased the RS effect to identity in the right fusiform face area. As for the left occipital face area, OT enlarged the differential RS effects to identities of in-group and out-group faces. Additionally, OT modulated the association of interdependence self-construal and the RS effects on identity and race. These findings bring to light preliminary evidence that OT can regulate neuronal specificity of identity and race in early face-selective regions and benefit adaptive individuation/categorization face-processing.
Time Course of Homeostatic Structural Plasticity in Response to Optogenetic Stimulation in Mouse Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Authors: Lu Han , Gallinaro Júlia V , Normann Claus , Rotter Stefan , Yalcin Ipek 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Plasticity is the mechanistic basis of development, aging, learning, and memory, both in healthy and pathological brains. Structural plasticity is rarely accounted for in computational network models due to a lack of insight into the underlying neuronal mechanisms and processes. Little is known about how the rewiring of networks is dynamically regulated. To inform such models, we characterized the time course of neural activity, the expression of synaptic proteins, and neural morphology employing an in vivo optogenetic mouse model. We stimulated pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex of mice and harvested their brains at 1.5 h, 24 h, and $48\,\mathrm{h}$ after stimulation. Stimulus-induced cortical hyperactivity persisted up to 1.5 h and decayed to baseline after $24\,\mathrm{h}$ indicated by c-Fos expression. The synaptic proteins VGLUT1 and PSD-95, in contrast, were upregulated at $24\,\mathrm{h}$ and downregulated at $48\,\mathrm{h}$, respectively. Spine density and spine head volume were also increased at $24\,\mathrm{h}$ and decreased at $48\,\mathrm{h}$. This specific sequence of events reflects a continuous joint evolution of activity and connectivity that is characteristic of the model of homeostatic structural plasticity. Our computer simulations thus corroborate the observed empirical evidence from our animal experiments.
Myopericarditis and thyroiditis: a case report
Authors: Thomson Ross J , Rossberg Nora , Davar Joseph , Whelan Carol 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Hyperthyroidism is commonly associated with adverse cardiovascular effects, including tachydysrhythmia, heart failure, and hypertension, although the association between hyperthyroidism and myopericarditis is restricted to a small number of case reports.

Case summary
A 45-year-old Caucasian male with no past medical history was admitted with chest pain. The electrocardiogram demonstrated diffuse ST-segment elevation, the troponin T rose, and he was diagnosed with myopericarditis. He was noted to have markedly deranged thyroid function tests and a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism secondary to Graves’ disease was made. He was treated with Bisoprolol, Carbimazole, Prednisolone, Ibuprofen, and Colchicine, his symptoms resolved rapidly and he was discharged. Five weeks later he re-presented with similar symptoms and recurrent pericarditis was diagnosed. His symptoms settled with a repeat course of steroids.

Discussion
We hypothesize that there may be an underappreciated link between hyperthyroidism and myopericarditis. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms include viral infection, autoimmunity, or changes in myocardial fat metabolism. Suggested management consists of a combination of current guidelines for the treatment of hyperthyroidism and pericardial disease, with attention to certain disease–drug interactions. Further research is required to evaluate the true incidence of hyperthyroidism-associated myopericarditis, elucidate its pathophysiology and instruct management.
Genomic prediction for fusiform rust disease incidence in a large cloned population ofPinus taeda
Authors: Shalizi Mohammad Nasir , Cumbie W Patrick , Isik Fikret 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, 723 Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) clonal varieties genotyped with 16920 SNP markers were used to evaluate genomic selection for fusiform rust disease caused by the fungus Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme. The 723 clonal varieties were from five full-sib families. They were a subset of a larger population (1831 clonal varieties), field-tested across 26 locations in the southeast US. Ridge regression, Bayes B, and Bayes Cπ models were implemented to study marker-trait associations and estimate predictive ability for selection. A cross-validation scenario based on a random sampling of 80% of the clonal varieties for the model building had higher (0.71–0.76) prediction accuracies of genomic estimated breeding values compared with family and within-family cross-validation scenarios. Random sampling within families for model training to predict genomic estimated breeding values of the remaining progenies within each family produced accuracies between 0.38 and 0.66. Using four families out of five for model training was not successful. The results showed the importance of genetic relatedness between the training and validation sets. Bayesian whole-genome regression models detected three QTL with large effects on the disease outcome, explaining 54% of the genetic variation in the trait. The significance of QTL was validated with GWAS while accounting for the population structure and polygenic effect. The odds of disease incidence for heterozygous AB genotypes were 10.7 and 12.1 times greater than the homozygous AA genotypes for SNP11965 and SNP6347 loci, respectively. Genomic selection for fusiform rust disease incidence could be effective in P. taeda breeding. Markers with large effects could be fit as fixed covariates to increase the prediction accuracies, provided that their effects are validated further.
Ancient Adaptative Evolution of ACE2 in East Asians
Authors: Wang Wenqiang , Han Guan-Zhu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been posing an unprecedented challenge to global public health. SARS-CoV-2 and several other coronaviruses utilize angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as their entry receptors. The ACE2 gene has been found to experience episodic positive selection across mammals. However, much remains unknown about how the ACE2 gene evolved in human populations. Here, we use population genetics approaches to investigate the evolution of the ACE2 gene in 26 human populations sampled globally. We find the ACE2 gene exhibits an extremely low nucleotide diversity in the East Asian populations. Strong signals of selective sweep are detected in the East Asian populations, but not in the other human populations. The selective sweep in ACE2 is estimated to begin in East Asian populations ∼23,600 years ago. Our study provides novel insights into the evolution of the ACE2 gene within human populations.
Five centuries of cod catches in Eastern Canada
Authors: Schijns Rebecca , Froese Rainer , Hutchings Jeffrey A , Pauly Daniel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The fishery for Northern Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) off Newfoundland and Labrador, Eastern Canada, presents the most spectacular case of an exploited stock crashed in a few decades by an industrial bottom trawl fishery under a seemingly sophisticated management regime after half a millennium of sustainable fishing. The fishery, which had generated annual catches of 100000 to 200000 tonnes from the beginning of the 16th century to the 1950s, peaked in 1968 at 810000 tonnes, followed by a devastating collapse and closure 24 years later. Since then, stock recovery may have been hindered by premature openings, with vessels targeting the remains of the cod population. Previous research paid little attention towards using multicentury time series to inform sustainable catches and recovery plans. Here, we show that a simple stock assessment model can be used to model the cod population trajectory for the entire period from 1508 to 2019 for which catch estimates are available. The model suggests that if fishing effort and mortality had been stabilized in the 1980s, precautionary annual yields of about 200000 tonnes could have been sustained. Our analysis demonstrates the value of incorporating prior knowledge to counteract shifting baseline effects on reference points and contemporary perceptions of historical stock status.
Emergence of non-susceptibility during persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia in haematopoietic cell transplant recipients and haematological malignancy patients
Authors: Fontana Lauren , Hakki Morgan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Systematic studies pertaining to the emergence of resistance during therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections (BSIs) in haematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients and haematological malignancy (HM) patients are lacking.

Objectives
To determine how frequently non-susceptibility emerges during therapy of P. aeruginosa BSIs and to compare these findings with non-HCT/HM patients.

Patients and methods
P. aeruginosa BSIs that occurred at our institution between 1 July 2012 and 31 October 2019 in HCT/HM patients and non-HCT/HM patients were identified. Episodes in which bacteraemia persisted while on appropriate therapy (‘persistent BSI’) were evaluated for emergence of non-susceptibility during therapy.

Results
In total, 96 BSI episodes among 86 HCT/HM patients were analysed. Eight persistent BSI episodes (8.3%) occurred in eight patients (9.3%). Repeat susceptibility testing was performed in seven (87.5%) of these episodes. Non-susceptibility to the treatment agent emerged in five (71.4%) episodes and to any antipseudomonal agent in seven (100%) episodes. The 21 day mortality rate associated with persistent BSI was 87.5% (seven of eight), and it was 80% (four of five) among persistent BSI episodes in which non-susceptibility to the treatment agent emerged on therapy. Non-susceptibility to any antipseudomonal agent during persistent BSI emerged significantly more frequently in HCT/HM patients compared with non-HCT/HM patients.

Conclusions
Non-susceptibility emerges frequently during persistent P. aeruginosa BSIs in HCT/HM patients, and this is associated with a high mortality rate. Our findings have implications for the management of persistent P. aeruginosa BSIs in these patients. Larger studies are needed to confirm and expand on our findings.
Validation of the MYChrOme™ Culture Plate for Detection and Differentiation of Rapid-Growing Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Potable and Non-Potable Water: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 062101
Authors: Fisher Katherine E , Chhabra Avneet K , Wickenberg Leah P , McCoy William F 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The MYChrOme™ Culture Plate is a chromogenic media for the detection and differentiation of rapid-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in water, aided by MYCOn™ decontamination to reduce background microbiota.

Objective
Evaluate the MYChrOme Culture Plates for the detection of rapid-growing NTM in potable and non-potable water as part of the AOAC Performance Tested Method(s)SM program.

Methods
Inclusivity and exclusivity of MYChrOme were evaluated with 50 target and 30 non-target organisms. Method robustness and lot stability of MYChrOme were analyzed. The candidate method was compared to a modified US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Method: U.S. FDA—Isolation and Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Tattoo Inks using an equivalency test. The matrix study consisted of artificially contaminated potable water and naturally contaminated non-potable water. Independent laboratory testing was conducted to verify method performance in non-potable water.

Results
The inclusivity of MYChrOme was 94% within one week, and 98% within two weeks. The exclusivity was 96% for untreated samples and 100% for treated samples. The candidate method remained statistically equivalent for robustness and a three-month shelf-life was confirmed. For both matrixes, the candidate and reference methods were not equivalent, with more colonies enumerated on the candidate method except for one contamination level of the potable matrix.

Conclusion
The MYChrOme culture method can successfully detect and differentiate rapid-growing NTM in the matrixes tested, with sensitivity equivalent or higher than the reference method.

Highlights
The MYChrOme culture plate offers differentiation of rapid-growing NTM colonies, improved detection in non-potable samples with MYCOn decontamination, and results within 7 days.
LC-ESI-MS/MS Simultaneous Analysis Method Coupled with Cation-Exchange Solid-Phase Extraction for Determination of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids on Five Kinds of Herbal Medicines
Authors: Jeong Se Hee , Choi Eun Young , Kim Jonghwan , Lee Chulhyun , Kang Juhye , Cho Sooyeul , Ko Kyung Yuk 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are naturally occurring plant toxins associated with potential hepatic and carcinogenic diseases in humans and animals. The concern over PAs has increased as the consumption of herbal medicines has increased.

Objective
This study aimed to develop and validate a sensitive analytical method to determine 28 PAs in five herbal medicines using liquid chromatography (LC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Additionally, this study identified and quantified the amount of PAs in 10 samples of each herbal medicine.

Methods
The pretreatment in the proposed LC-MS/MS analysis comprised solvent extraction using 0.05M H2SO4 in 50% methanol and clean-up step using an mixed-mode cationic exchange (MCX)-solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The PA contents in herbal medicines were measured by using the developed method.

Results
The proposed method had recoveries ranging from 72.5–123.7% for the Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, 70.6–151.7% for Alba Chrysanthmi Flos, 80.6–130.9% for Leonuri Herba, 70.3–122.9% for Gastrodiae Rhizoma, and 67.1–106.9% for Glycyrrhizae Radix. Even though a few samples showed recoveries in unsatisfactory values, the proposed method indicated entirely sufficient recoveries and precision in most samples. In monitoring results, only Leonuri Herba contained two PAs, which indicated Retrorsine (4/10) of 84.7–120.9 μg/kg and Senkirkine (10/10) of 60.9–170.7 μg/kg.

Conclusion
The results obtained from this study demonstrate that the proposed method is fit for purpose to determine 28 PAs in herbal medicines. Therefore it could serve as a regulatory method capable of being used for controlling the risks of PAs in certain medicinal plants and dietary supplements.

Highlights
An LC-MS/MS method for the determination of 28 pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal medicines was developed and validated through this study. The proposed method is considered as an useful method for monitoring pyroolizidine alkaloids in herbal medicines.