bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable tourism development and globalization: Recent insights from the United States
Authors: Sharif Arshian , Ullah Subhan , Shahbaz Muhammad , Mahalik Mantu Kumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOur study explores the relationship between tourism and globalization (both overall, and in terms of three sub‐indices, namely economic, social, and political globalization) in the United States (US) using monthly data from January 1995 to December 2017. We employ the quantile‐on‐quantile (QQ) regression technique for our analysis. The sample period of the present study allows the separate examination of the relationship between globalization and tourism both before the global financial crisis (1995–2007) and after (2008–2017). The findings suggest that in the US during the precrisis era, all the globalization indices and tourism are positively bidirectionally related. During the postcrisis period, all globalization indices positively affect tourism, but tourism has a negative effect on economic and political globalization. The theoretical and policy implications of the empirical findings are discussed.
[1,2]‐Shift in Chiral Ni(II) Schiff‐Base Derivatives: Conversion of α‐ Thiobenzylated Amino Acid into the Cysteine Derivative
Authors: Levitskiy Oleg A. , Grishin Yuri K. , Magdesieva Tatiana V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe first example of the anionic [1,2]‐shift taking place in the metal coordination environment is described. The α‐thiobenzylated glycine in the form of the Ni(II) Schiff‐base complex is converted into the corresponding cysteine derivative with ca 70 % yield. The reaction disclosed emphasizes how the reactivity of a substrate can be influenced by noncovalent interactions in the metal coordination environment.
Bifunctional Spatiotemporal Metasurfaces for Incident Angle‐Tunable and Ultrafast Optically Switchable Electromagnetically Induced Transparency
Authors: Hu Yuze , Tong Mingyu , Xu Zhongjie , Cheng Xiangai , Jiang Tian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdvances in tunable metamaterials/metasurfaces facilitates their utilization in novel optical components, and lead to many breakthroughs in light tailoring by giving birth to diverse spatiotemporal dynamics. In the ascendant field of terahertz (THz) photonics, the ultrafast modulation is the fundamental process of technological advancements in high‐speed wireless communications, sensing, and imaging. However, the current research efforts have been mainly devoted to studies of single functionality under the control of one stimulus, which has plateaued in terms of innovative new features. Here, building on the incident angle‐induced C2 symmetry breaking of split ring pairs, we experimentally demonstrate extremely versatile, ultrafast THz switching behaviors at continuously alterable resonant states. The direction‐controlled resonance hybridization provides another excellent degree of routing freedom, owing to its robustness, simplicity, and wide tunability. By leveraging such virtues, single LC mode and EIT‐like resonance under normal and oblique incidence conditions are both effectively switched‐off by means of photon injection. Considering the ultrashort lifetime of free carriers in MoSe2 crystal, the corresponding transient dynamics show an ultrafast recovery time within 700 ps. The strategy proposed here is a viable pathway for multidimensional THz wave manipulation, which gears up a crucial step for diversified functionalities in deployable metaphotonic devices.
Wafer‐Scale Oxygen‐Doped MoS2 Monolayer
Authors: Wei Zheng , Tang Jian , Li Xuanyi , Chi Zhen , Wang Yu , Wang Qinqin , Han Bo , Li Na , Huang Biying , Li Jiawei , Yu Hua , Yuan Jiahao , Chen Hailong , Sun Jiatao , Chen Lan , Wu Kehui , Gao Peng , He Congli , Yang Wei , Shi Dongxia , Yang Rong , Zhang Guangyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMonolayer MoS2 is an emergent 2D semiconductor for next‐generation miniaturized and flexible electronics. Although the high‐quality monolayer MoS2 is already available at wafer scale, doping of it uniformly remains an unsolved problem. Such doping is of great importance in view of not only tailoring its properties but also facilitating many potential large‐scale applications. In this work, the uniform oxygen doping of 2 in wafer‐scale monolayer MoS2 (MoS2−xOx) with tunable doping levels is realized through an in situ chemical vapor deposition process. Interestingly, ultrafast infrared spectroscopy measurements and first‐principles calculations reveal a reduction of bandgaps of monolayer MoS2−xOx with increased oxygen‐doping levels. Field‐effect transistors and logic devices are also fabricated based on these wafer‐scale MoS2−xOx monolayers, and excellent electronic performances are achieved, exhibiting promise of such doped MoS2 monolayers.
Bond and re‐anchoring tests of post‐tensioned steel tendon in case of strand failure inside cement grouting with voids
Authors: Asp Olli , Tulonen Joonas , Kuusisto Lauri , Laaksonen Anssi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGrouted tendons are commonly used in construction of bridges and other post‐tensioned structures. The quality of grouting is essential to provide the durability and robustness of the structure. In this paper, the bond and re‐anchoring of post‐tensioned tendons in grout in case of tendon failure is assessed. A set of tests were conducted to simulate the failure of a post‐tensioned tendon in the beam. The results were compared with the theory of prestressing strand anchoring in concrete. In the tests, the re‐anchoring and bond lengths were measured in case of complete grout and incomplete grout with void. In the case of incomplete grout, the increase in re‐anchoring length is observed. In the case of overlapping re‐anchoring and bond length, the bond length and tendon slip increase significantly. A limited re‐anchoring length of tendon in incomplete grout increases the robustness of the structure, as the broken tendon can maintain its effectiveness outside of the failure region. The existing calculation model shows a good match with test results, and therefore it is suitable for the analysis of structures with broken tendons.
Expanding the boundaries of ligand–target modeling by exascale calculations
Authors: Bolnykh Viacheslav , Rossetti Giulia , Rothlisberger Ursula , Carloni Paolo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMolecular simulations and molecular docking are widely used tools to investigate ligand/target interactions and in drug design. High‐performance computing (HPC) is boosting both the accuracy and predictive power of these approaches. With the advent of exascale computing, HPC may become standardly applied in many drug design campaigns and pharmacological applications. This review discusses how innovative HPC algorithms and hardware are being exploited in current simulations and docking codes, pointing also at some of the limitations of these approaches. The focus is on technical aspects which might not be all that familiar to the computational pharmacologist.This article is categorized under:Software > Molecular ModelingSoftware > Simulation MethodsStructure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
W algebras, cosets and VOAs for 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SCFTs from M5 branes
Authors: Xie Dan , Yan Wenbin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We identify vertex operator algebras (VOAs) of a class of Argyres-Douglas (AD) matters with two types of non-abelian flavor symmetries. They are the W algebras defined using nilpotent orbit with partition [qm, 1s]. Gauging above AD matters, we can find VOAs for more general $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs engineered from 6d (2, 0) theories. For example, the VOA for general (AN − 1, Ak − 1) theory is found as the coset of a collection of above W algebras. Various new interesting properties of 2d VOAs such as level-rank duality, conformal embedding, collapsing levels, coset constructions for known VOAs can be derived from 4d theory.
The Transcendental and the Agonistic: A Media Philosophy Perspective
Authors: Barker Timothy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis critical response to Dominic Smith’s ‘Taking Exception: Philosophy of Technology as a Multidimensional Problem Space’ begins by outlining the key contributions of his essay, namely his insightful approach to the transcendental, on the one hand, and his introduction of the topological problem space as an image for thought, on the other. The response then suggests ways of furthering this approach by addressing potential reservations about determinism. The response concludes by suggesting a way out of these questions of determinism by thinking the transcendental in concert with the agonistic.
Decision support system for ranking relevant indicators for reopening strategies following COVID-19 lockdowns
Authors: Almulhim Tarifa S. , Barahona Igor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe pandemic caused by the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus forced governments around the world to impose lockdowns, which mostly involved restricting non-essential activities. Once the rate of infection is manageable, governments must implement strategies that reverse the negative effects of the lockdowns. A decision support system based on fuzzy theory and multi-criteria decision analysis principles is proposed to investigate the importance of a set of key indicators for post-COVID-19 reopening strategies. This system yields more reliable results because it considers the hesitation and experience of decision makers. By including 16 indicators that are utilized by international organizations for comparing, ranking, or investigating countries, our results suggest that governments and policy makers should focus their efforts on reducing violence, crime and unemployment. The provided methodology illustrates the suitability of decision science tools for tackling complex and unstructured problems, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments, policy makers and stakeholders might find in this work scientific-based guidelines that facilitate complex decision-making processes.
Material parametrization of natural rubber based compound and characterization of crack propagation under consideration of dissipative effects
Authors: Pornhagen Dan , Schneider Konrad , Stommel Markus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMost concepts to characterize crack propagation were developed for elastic materials. When applying these methods to elastomers, the question is how the inherent energy dissipation of the material affects the cracking behavior. This contribution presents a numerical analysis of crack growth in natural rubber taking energy dissipation due to the visco-elastic material behavior into account. For this purpose, experimental tests were first carried out under different load conditions to parameterize a Prony series as well as a Bergström–Boyce model with the results. The parameterized Prony series was then used to perform numerical investigations with respect to the cracking behavior. Using the FE-software system ANSYS and the concept of material forces, the influence and proportion of the dissipative components were discussed.
Prototethyan Accretionary Orogenesis Along the East Gondwana Periphery: New Insights From the Early Paleozoic Igneous and Sedimentary Rocks in the Sibumasu
Authors: Wang Yuejun , Qian Xin , Cawood Peter A. , Zhang Yuzhi , Wang Yang , Xing Xiaowan , Senebouttalath Vongpaseuth , Gan Chengshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNew geochronological and geochemical data document a new and widely distributed succession of igneous and sedimentary rocks within the Sibumasu that extend from SW Yunnan through SE Asia as far as Sumatra. Our data revealed the presence of an Ordovician‐Silurian (mainly ∼490–430 Ma) igneous zone. The early Paleozoic granites in the zone display similar elemental and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic compositions. They were derived from a common mixed source of ancient crustal materials with a juvenile component and formed in a subduction‐related setting. Detrital‐zircon U‐Pb apparent ages from the previously defined Precambrian Lancang and Ximeng units in the SW Yunnan portion of the Sibumasu are in the range of 3,306–428 Ma and 3,316–512 Ma, with the youngest age‐peaks of 505 Ma and 447 Ma, respectively, indicating the lower Paleozoic (Cambrian‐Silurian) sedimentary sequences. The Tarutao Unit and its equivalents in the SE Asia portion of the Sibumasu yield the U‐Pb apparent ages of 3,177–510 Ma, suggesting the maximum deposited time being Cambrian‐Ordovician. All these detrital zircon U‐Pb ages define two main peaks of ∼554–528 Ma and 964–905 Ma with εHf(t) values similar to those in the Qiangtang, Tethyan Himalaya, and eastern Indochina. The lower Paleozoic detritus in the Sibumasu were likely derived from the India‐Antarctica region of East Gondwana. We propose that the late Cambrian‐Silurian units formed in an outward‐propagating accretionary orogen in response to the consumption of the Prototethyan Ocean in SW Yunnan and SE Asia. Sibumasu might represent a part of the easterly migrating accretionary orogen along the northern margin of East Gondwana in the late Cambrian‐late Silurian.
Variations in the Characteristic Amplitude of Tectonic Tremor Induced by Long‐Term Slow Slip Events
Authors: Nakamoto Keita , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Matsuzawa Takanori , Mizukami Tomoyuki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLong‐term slow slip events (L‐SSEs) often excite short‐term slow slips events (S‐SSEs) and tectonic tremor in the zone of episodic tremor and slip (ETS). However, the factors controlling the occurrence of primary versus excited tremor events remain unclear. To elucidate these factors, we analyzed tectonic tremor events in and around the Bungo Channel (Nankai subduction zone), where L‐SSEs are known to excite tremor and S‐SSEs in the ETS zone. We focused on the spatial distribution of the characteristic amplitude (CA) of tremor, determined from the duration‐amplitude distributions of tremor events, as an indicator of the properties of the tremor source. CAs are large in L‐SSE slip areas and small in adjacent areas. The difference between CA values during tremor‐excitation periods (L‐SSEs) and the intervening periods (ΔCA) is positive in the slip area, negative in adjacent areas, and tends toward zero in the far field. We suggest that the heterogeneous distributions of CA and ΔCA reflect the heterogeneous effective strengths of tremor patches, which might be related to petrological properties, and stress and pore‐fluid pressure variations induced by L‐SSEs, respectively. The upward migration of fluid from the ETS zone along the plate interface might modulate the effective stress and strength states of tremor patches during L‐SSEs.
Winter Air‐Sea CO2 Fluxes Constructed From Summer Observations of the Polar Southern Ocean Suggest Weak Outgassing
Authors: Mackay Neill , Watson Andrew 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Southern Ocean plays an important role in the global oceanic uptake of CO2. Estimates of the air‐sea CO2 flux are made using the partial pressure of CO2 at the sea surface (), but winter observations of the region historically have been sparse, with almost no coverage in the Pacific or Indian ocean sectors south of the Polar front in the period 2004–2017. Here, we use summertime observations of relevant properties in this region to identify subsurface waters that were last in contact with the atmosphere in the preceding winter, and then reconstruct “pseudo observations” of the wintertime . These greatly improve wintertime coverage south of the Polar Front in all sectors, improving the robustness of flux estimates there. We add the pseudo observations to other available observations of and use a multiple linear regression to produce a gap‐filled time‐evolving estimate of from which we calculate the air‐sea flux. The inclusion of the pseudo observations increases outgassing at the beginning of the period, but the effect reduces with time. We estimate a 2004–2017 long‐term mean flux of −0.02 ± 0.02 Pg C yr−1 for the Southern Ocean south of the Polar Front, similar to comparable studies based on shipboard data. However, we diverge somewhat from an estimate which utilized autonomous float data for recent years: we find a small sink in 2017 of −0.08 ± 0.03 Pg C yr−1 where the float‐based estimate suggested a small source.
Perturbation of Urbanization to Earth's Surface Energy Balance
Authors: Shen Pengke , Zhao Shuqing , Ma Yongjing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUrbanization, one of the most dramatic forms of land conversion, modifies local climatic environments and threatens human life and health. Here we use the space‐for‐time approach combined with satellite data to quantify the potential perturbation of surface energy balance and land surface temperature (LST) caused by urbanization at global scale. We estimate that collectively +2.4°C, +0.9°C, and +1.7°C potential changes for annual daytime, nighttime, and mean LST could be triggered when land surface converted from natural area to urban use, due primarily to the decline of latent heat during months from April to October (−23.9–−3.2 W m−2), and the reduced sensible heat and ground heat storage in other months (−5.2–−2.4 W m−2). Urbanization perturbation to surface energy balance and temperature exhibit conspicuous spatial heterogeneity (i.e., varying with latitude and climate zones) and temporal asymmetries (i.e., diurnal and seasonal: strong in summer daytime and weak in winter nighttime). These spatial‐temporal variations are interrelated closely with local background climate‐vegetation regimes, as indicated by strong correlations between urbanization perturbation to surface biophysical effects and precipitation, temperature, vegetation index across regions and months. Our findings provide empirical evidence that biophysical mechanisms of urbanization need to be considered in predicting future trajectories of climate change and local susceptibility of surface energy balance should be accounted for when evaluating urbanization effects and mitigating urban heat.
Explicit IMF By‐Dependence in Geomagnetic Activity: Quantifying Ionospheric Electrodynamics
Authors: Holappa L. , Robinson R. M. , Pulkkinen A. , Asikainen T. , Mursula K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGeomagnetic activity is mainly driven by the southward (Bz) component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), which dominates all solar wind coupling functions. Coupling functions also depend on the absolute value of the dawn‐dusk (By) component of the IMF, but not on its sign. However, recent studies have shown that for a fixed level of solar wind driving, auroral electrojets in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) are stronger for By > 0 than for By < 0 during NH winter. In NH summer, the dependence on the By sign is reversed. While this By sign dependence, also called the explicit By‐dependence, is very strong in the winter hemisphere, it is weak in the summer hemisphere. Moreover, the explicit By‐dependence is much stronger in the westward electrojet than in the eastward electrojet. In this study, we study how the explicit IMF By‐dependence is coupled with large‐scale field‐aligned currents (FACs) by using FAC measurements from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment and an empirical ionospheric conductance model. We model the complete ionospheric electrodynamics by solving the current continuity equation, and show that during periods of elevated solar wind driving (Bz < 0), the IMF By component modulates Regions 1 and 2 FACs in the dawn sector of the winter hemisphere. This leads to an explicit By‐dependence in ionospheric conductance and the westward electrojet. We also show that the By‐dependence of FACs and conductance is weak in the dusk sector, which explains the earlier observation of the weak By‐dependence of the eastward electrojet.
Bringing human‐animal interaction to sport: Potential impacts on athletic performance
Authors: Marvin Sutton , Sorenson Kennet , Stevens Jeffrey R. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTTo gain an edge in performance, athletes, coaches, trainers, and sport psychologists worldwide leverage findings from psychological research to develop training and performance strategies. The field of sport psychology draws upon research on stress, anxiety, mindfulness, and team building to develop these strategies. Here, we introduce human‐animal interaction as a potential area of research that may apply to athletic performance. Structured interactions with animals—particularly therapy dogs—can provide physiological benefits associated with stress and the oxytocin system, psychological benefits for anxiety and motivation, and social benefits through social support. Yet these effects have not yet been systematically investigated in athletes. Integration of human‐animal interactions into athletics can occur through animal visitation programmes and resident therapy animal programmes. Integrating human‐animal interactions into athletics presents some unique challenges and limitations that must be considered before implementing these programmes, and these interactions are not a panacea that will work in every situation. But, given the amount of human‐animal interaction research suggesting benefits in medicine, mental health, and education contexts, it is worthwhile exploring potential benefits not just for athletic performance, but also for injury prevention and recovery.

Highlights
Human–animal interaction is a potential area of research that may apply to athletic performance.
Structured interactions with animals can provide physiological, psychological, and social benefits to athletes, through it is not a panacea that will work in every situation.
Integrating human–animal interactions into athletics presents some unique challenges and limitations that must be considered before implementing these programs.
Controlled human exposures to diesel exhaust: a human epigenome-wide experiment of target bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Cardenas Andres , Fadadu Raj P , Van Der Laan Lars , Ward-Caviness Cavin , Granger Louis , Diaz-Sanchez David , Devlin Robert B , Bind Marie-Abèle 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major contributor to ambient air pollution around the world. It is a known human carcinogen that targets the respiratory system and increases risk for many diseases, but there is limited research on the effects of DE exposure on the epigenome of human bronchial epithelial cells. Understanding the epigenetic impact of this environmental pollutant can elucidate biological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of harmful DE-related health effects. To estimate the causal effect of short-term DE exposure on the bronchial epithelial epigenome, we conducted a controlled single-blinded randomized crossover human experiment of exposure to DE and used bronchoscopy and Illumina 450K arrays for data collection and analysis, respectively. Of the 13 participants, 11 (85%) were male and 2 (15%) were female, and 12 (92%) were White and one (8%) was Hispanic; the mean age was 26 years (SD = 3.8 years). Eighty CpGs were differentially methylated, achieving the minimum possible exact P-value of P = 2.44 × 10−4 (i.e. 2/213). In regional analyses, we found two differentially methylated regions (DMRs) annotated to the chromosome 5 open reading frame 63 genes (C5orf63; 7-CpGs) and unc-45 myosin chaperone A gene (UNC45A; 5-CpGs). Both DMRs showed increased DNA methylation after DE exposure. The average causal effects for the DMRs ranged from 1.5% to 6.0% increases in DNA methylation at individual CpGs. In conclusion, we found that short-term DE alters DNA methylation of genes in target bronchial epithelial cells, demonstrating epigenetic level effects of exposure that could be implicated in pulmonary pathologies.