bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nivolumab Versus Gemcitabine or Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin for Patients With Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer: Open-Label, Randomized Trial in Japan (NINJA)
Authors: Hamanishi Junzo , Takeshima Nobuhiro , Katsumata Noriyuki , Ushijima Kimio , Kimura Tadashi , Takeuchi Satoshi , Matsumoto Koji , Ito Kimihiko , Mandai Masaki , Nakai Hidekatsu , Sakuragi Noriaki , Watari Hidemichi , Takahashi Nobutaka , Kato Hidenori , Hasegawa Kosei , Yonemori Kan , Mizuno Mika , Takehara Kazuhiro , Niikura Hitoshi , Sawasaki Takashi , Nakao Sari , Saito Toshiaki , Enomoto Takayuki , Nagase Satoru , Suzuki Nao , Matsumoto Takashi , Kondo Eiji , Sonoda Kenzo , Aihara Satomi , Aoki Yoichi , Okamoto Aikou , Takano Hirokuni , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Kato Hisamori , Terai Yoshito , Takazawa Akira , Takahashi Yusuke , Namba Yoshinobu , Aoki Daisuke , Fujiwara Keiichi , Sugiyama Toru , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE This phase III, multicenter, randomized, open-label study investigated the efficacy and safety of nivolumab versus chemotherapy (gemcitabine [GEM] or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin [PLD]) in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eligible patients had platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer, received ≤ 1 regimen after diagnosis of resistance, and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score of ≤ 1. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to nivolumab (240 mg once every 2 weeks [as one cycle]) or chemotherapy (GEM 1000 mg/m2 for 30 minutes [once on days 1, 8, and 15] followed by a week's rest [as one cycle], or PLD 50 mg/m2 once every 4 weeks [as one cycle]). The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate, duration of response, and safety. RESULTS Patients (n = 316) were randomly assigned to nivolumab (n = 157) or GEM or PLD (n = 159) between October 2015 and December 2017. Median OS was 10.1 (95% CI, 8.3 to 14.1) and 12.1 (95% CI, 9.3 to 15.3) months with nivolumab and GEM or PLD, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.8 to 1.3; P = .808). Median PFS was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.9 to 2.2) and 3.8 (95% CI, 3.6 to 4.2) months with nivolumab and GEM or PLD, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.9; P = .002). There was no statistical difference in overall response rate between groups (7.6% v 13.2%; odds ratio, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.2 to 1.3; P = .191). Median duration of response was numerically longer with nivolumab than GEM or PLD (18.7 v 7.4 months). Fewer treatment-related adverse events were observed with nivolumab versus GEM or PLD (61.5% v 98.1%), with no additional or new safety risks. CONCLUSION Although well-tolerated, nivolumab did not improve OS and showed worse PFS compared with GEM or PLD in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
Insulin Resistance and Cardiometabolic Risk Profile Among Nondiabetic American Young Adults: Insights From NHANES
Authors: Parcha Vibhu , Heindl Brittain , Kalra Rajat , Li Peng , Gower Barbara , Arora Garima , Arora Pankaj 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The burden of insulin resistance (IR) among young American adults has not been previously assessed. We evaluated (1) the prevalence and trends of IR and cardiometabolic risk factors and (2) the association between measures of adiposity and IR among adults 18 to 44 years of age without diabetes and preexisting cardiovascular disease.

Methods
Cross-sectional survey data from six consecutive National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2008 to 2017-2018) cycles were analyzed. IR was defined by the homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) of ≥2.5. The temporal trends of IR, cardiometabolic risk factors, and the relationship between IR and measures of adiposity were assessed using multivariable-adjusted regression models.

Results
Among 6247 young adults 18 to 44 years of age, the prevalence of IR was 44.8% (95% CI: 42.0%-47.6%) in 2007-2010 and 40.3% (95% CI: 36.4%-44.2%) in 2015-2018 (P for trend = 0.07). There was a modest association of HOMA-IR with higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, total lean fat mass, and total and localized fat mass (all Ps &lt; 0.001). Participants with IR had a higher prevalence of hypertension [31.3% (95% CI: 29.2%-33.5%) vs 14.7% (95% CI: 13.2%-16.2%)], hypercholesterolemia [16.0% (95% CI: 12.4%-19.5%) vs 7.0% (95% CI: 5.8%-8.5%)], obesity [56.6% (95% CI: 53.9%-59.3%) vs 14.7% (95% CI: 13.0%-16.5%)], and poor physical activity levels [18.3% (95% CI: 16.4%-20.2%) vs 11.7% (95%CI: 10.3–13.1%)] compared to participants without IR (all Ps &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Four-in-10 young American adults have IR, which occurs in a cluster with cardiometabolic risk factors. Nearly half of young adults with IR are nonobese. Screening efforts for IR irrespective of BMI may be required.
Circadian Rhythms in Resting Metabolic Rate Account for Apparent Daily Rhythms in the Thermic Effect of Food
Authors: Ruddick-Collins Leonie C , Flanagan Alan , Johnston Jonathan D , Morgan Peter J , Johnstone Alexandra M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Context
Daily variation in the thermic effect of food (TEF) is commonly reported and proposed as a contributing factor to weight gain with late eating. However, underlying circadian variability in resting metabolic rate (RMR) is an overlooked factor when calculating TEF associated with eating at different times of the day.

Objective
This work aimed to determine whether methodological approaches to calculating TEF contribute to the reported phenomena of daily variation in TEF.

Methods
Fourteen overweight to obese but otherwise healthy individuals had their resting and postprandial energy expenditure (EE) measured over 15.5 hours at a clinical research unit. TEF was calculated for breakfast, lunch, and dinner using standard methods (above a baseline and premeal RMR measure) and compared to a method incorporating a circadian RMR by which RMR was derived from a sinusoid curve model and TEF was calculated over and above the continuously changing RMR. Main outcome measures were TEF at breakfast, lunch, and dinner calculated by different methods.

Results
Standard methods of calculating TEF above a premeal measured RMR showed that morning TEF (60.8 kcal ± 5.6) (mean ± SEM) was 1.6 times greater than TEF at lunch (36.3 kcal ± 8.4) and 2.4 times greater than dinner TEF (25.2 kcal ± 9.6) (P = .022). However, adjusting for modeled circadian RMR nullified any differences between breakfast (54.1 kcal ± 30.8), lunch (49.5 kcal ± 29.4), and dinner (49.1 kcal ± 25.7) (P = .680).

Conclusion
Differences in TEF between morning and evening can be explained by the underlying circadian resting EE, which is independent of an acute effect of eating.
Adrenal Cortex Development and Maintenance: Knowledge Acquired From Mouse Models
Authors: Abou Nader Nour , Boyer Alexandre 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe adrenal cortex is an endocrine organ organized into concentric zones that are specialized to produce specific steroid hormones essential for life. The development and maintenance of the adrenal cortex are complex, as a fetal adrenal is first formed from a common primordium with the gonads, followed by its separation in a distinct primordium, the invasion of the adrenal primordium by neural crest-derived cells to form the medulla, and finally its encapsulation. The fetal cortex is then replaced by a definitive cortex, which will establish zonation and be maintained throughout life by regeneration relying on the proliferation, centripetal migration, and differentiation of several stem/progenitor cell populations whose activities are sex-specific. Here, we highlight the advances made, using transgenic mouse models, to delineate the molecular mechanisms regulating these processes.
The Role of Mitochondria-Linked Fatty-Acid Uptake-Driven Adipogenesis in Graves Orbitopathy
Authors: Zhang Lei , Rai Pavandeep , Miwa Satomi , Draman Mohd Shazli , Rees D Aled , Haridas Anjana S , Morris Daniel S , Tee Andrew R , Ludgate Marian , Turnbull Doug M , Dayan Colin M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Context
Depot-specific expansion of orbital adipose tissue (OAT) in Graves orbitopathy (GO; an autoimmune condition producing proptosis, visual impairment and reduced quality of life) is associated with fatty acid (FA)-uptake–driven adipogenesis in preadipocytes/fibroblasts (PFs).

Objective
This work sought a role for mitochondria in OAT adipogenesis in GO.

Methods
Confluent PFs from healthy OAT (OAT-H), OAT from GO (OAT-GO) and white adipose tissue in culture medium compared with culture medium containing a mixed hormonal cocktail as adipogenic medium (ADM), or culture-medium containing FA-supplementation, oleate:palmitate:linoleate (45:30:25%) with/without different concentration of mitochondrial biosubstrate adenosine 5′-diphosphate/guanosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP/GDP), AICAR (adenosine analogue), or inhibitor oligomycin-A for 17 days. Main outcome measures included oil-red-O staining and foci count of differentiated adipocytes for in vitro adipogenesis, flow cytometry, relative quantitative polymerase chain reaction, MTS-assay/106 cells, total cellular-ATP detection kit, and Seahorse-XFe96-Analyzer for mitochondria and oxidative-phosphorylation (OXPHOS)/glycolysis-ATP production analysis.

Results
During early adipogenesis before adipocyte formation (days 0, 4, and7), we observed OAT-specific cellular ATP production via mitochondrial OXPHOS in PFs both from OAT-H and OAT-GO, and substantially disrupted OXPHOS-ATP/glycolysis-ATP production in PFs from OAT-GO, for example, a 40% reduction in OXPHOS-ATP and trend-increased glycolysis-ATP production on days 4 and 7 compared with day 0, which contrasted with the stable levels in OAT-H. FA supplementation in culture-medium triggered adipogenesis in PFs both from OAT-H and OAT-GO, which was substantially enhanced by 1-mM GDP reaching 7% to 18% of ADM adipogenesis. The FA-uptake–driven adipogenesis was diminished by oligomycin-A but unaffected by treatment with ADP or AICAR. Furthermore, we observed a significant positive correlation between FA-uptake–driven adipogenesis by GDP and the ratios of OXPHOS-ATP/glycolysis-ATP through adipogenesis of PFs from OAT-GO.

Conclusion
Our study confirmed that FA uptake can drive OAT adipogenesis and revealed a fundamental role for mitochondria-OXPHOS in GO development, which provides potential for therapeutic interventions.
Esomeprazole in the treatment of equine glandular gastric disease
Authors: Sundra Tania 
Published: September 2021

Background:Equine glandular gastric disease is a highly prevalent disease, for which there is no universally effective treatment. Given the widespread use of esomeprazole in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease in humans, its use in horses warrants further investigation.Objective:To assess rates of healing of equine glandular gastric disease using oral esomeprazole.Study design:Retrospective case series.Methods:Medical records and gastroscopy images of horses diagnosed with equine glandular gastric disease and treated with esomeprazole by Avon Ridge Equine Veterinary Services were reviewed.Results:Out of four horses treated with esomeprazole for 28 days, 75% (three) healed and 25% (one) did not improve. Out of three horses treated with esomeprazole for 14 days, 67% (two) healed and 33% (one) did not improve.Main limitations:The study was limited by its retrospective nature and small sample size.Conclusions:Esomeprazole may be a valid first-line treatment option for equine glandular gastric disease. Larger and more robust studies of esomeprazole are warranted.
3.5  kW narrow-linewidth monolithic fiber amplifier at 1064  nm by employing a confined doping fiber
Authors: Huang Zhimeng , Shu Qiang , Luo Yun , Tao Rumao , Feng Xi , Liu Yu , Lin Honghuan , Wang Jianjun , Jing Feng 
Published: September 2021

A high-power monolithic continuous-wave fiber amplifier at 1064 nm has been demonstrated based on a piece of confined ytterbium-doped fiber, which generated 3.5 kW narrow-linewidth laser with near-diffraction-limited beam quality. By tailoring the diameter of gain dopant across the fiber core, and optimizing the profile of refractive index and doping concentration, the confined doping fiber works making the fundamental mode more dominant in transverse mode competition, while suppressing the high-order mode. In a kilowatt-level narrow-linewidth fiber master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system, the threshold of mode instability (MI) is about 2.2 times as much as that of the conventional fiber amplifier. Then, by increasing seed power and utilizing a MOPA configuration with four amplifier stages, up to 3.57 kW signal output, a slope efficiency of 61% without any sign of MI or stimulated Raman scattering for a spectral dynamic range of higher than

−

50

d
B

is obtained. A further increase of the output power was only limited by the available laser-diode pump power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest narrow-linewidth laser power generated from the confined doping monolithic fiber amplifier.
Differential impact of clinicopathological risk factors within the 2 largest ProMisE molecular subgroups of endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Pasanen Annukka , Loukovaara Mikko , Ahvenainen Terhi , Vahteristo Pia , Bützow Ralf 
Published: September 2021

Objective
To assess whether the prognostic impact of conventional risk factors and ancillary biomarkers differs across the 2 largest ProMisE molecular subgroups of endometrial carcinoma (EC).

Methods
Direct sequencing of POLE exonuclease domain hot spots and immunohistochemistry for MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6 and p53 were performed on 745 unselected endometrioid ECs to identify mismatch repair deficient (MMR-D, n = 264) and no specific molecular profile (NSMP, n = 206) ECs. Molecular group-specific survival analyses and interaction analyses were performed to determine the prognostic relevance of clinicopathological factors and various biomarkers (L1 cell adhesion molecule, estrogen and progesterone receptor, beta-catenin, p16, E-cadherin, KRAS) within the subgroups.

Results
Molecular subgroup did not have an independent effect on disease-specific survival after adjustment for conventional risk factors (P = 0.101). High grade (G3) and p16 hyperexpression remained significant predictors of survival in NSMP. Stage II-IV, ≥50% myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion and loss of E-cadherin were independent predictors in the MMR-D group. In the interaction analysis, molecular subclass significantly modified the prognostic effect of high grade and p16 hyperexpression, which showed a stronger negative effect on survival in NSMP as compared to MMR-D (P for interaction = 0.016 for grade and 0.033 for p16).

Conclusions
Grade of differentiation and p16 hyperexpression appear to have a stronger prognostic impact in NSMP as compared to MMR-D EC. While these results need to be confirmed in a larger study population, they indicate that differential impact of risk factors needs to be taken into account when developing new molecular class-integrated risk stratification algorithms for EC.
Attitude, preparedness, and perceived self-efficacy in controlling COVID-19 pandemics and associated factors among university students during school reopening
Authors: Tadese Mesfin , Mihretie Abebe 
Published: September 2021

Introduction
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains a significant public health problem globally. In Ethiopia, the number of infected peoples and deaths due to COVID-19 has increased dramatically in the past. Currently, students are resuming to face to face education with strict prevention measures. University students are more dynamic and more susceptible to acquiring and spreading the virus.

Objective
To assess the attitude, preparedness, and self-efficacy to prevent and control COVID-19 and associated factors among university students during school reopening, Northeast Ethiopia.

Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted among Debre Berhan University (DBU) students from December 1 to 15/2020, when students return to campus. A multistage sampling technique was applied to recruit 682 participants. The ReadyScore criteria were used to classify the level of preparedness. Epi-Data version 4.6 was used for data entry, while SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive and Binary logistic regression analysis was computed, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result
The overall level of favourable attitude, good preparedness, and high self-efficacy among students were 67.2%, 17.9%, and 50.4%, respectively. Only mothers’ education was associated with attitude. Female gender, open relationships, health science faculty, heart disease, and favourable attitude were significant preparedness factors. Whereas being undergraduate, parents’ education, residing in dorm being four and above, having kidney disease, having friend/family history of COVID-19 infection and death, favourable attitude, and good preparedness were predictors of self-efficacy.

Conclusion
The level of attitude, preparedness, and self-efficacy towards COVID-19 among students during campus re-entry were low. Managing chronic illnesses and raising the attitude and preparedness of students is essential to reduce the burden of COVID-19 pandemics. Besides, emphasis should be placed on male, unmarried, postgraduate, and non-health science students to increase the level of preparedness and self-efficacy.
Novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of colorectal cancer: Capable to overcome the heterogeneity-specific barrier and valid for global applications
Authors: Hameed Yasir , Usman Muhammad , Liang Shufang , Ejaz Samina 
Published: September 2021

Introduction
The heterogeneity-specific nature of the available colorectal cancer (CRC) biomarkers is significantly contributing to the cancer-associated high mortality rate worldwide. Hence, this study was initiated to investigate a system of novel CRC biomarkers that could commonly be employed to the CRC patients and helpful to overcome the heterogenetic-specific barrier.

Methods
Initially, CRC-related hub genes were extracted through PubMed based literature mining. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the extracted hub genes was constructed and analyzed to identify few more closely CRC-related hub genes (real hub genes). Later, a comprehensive bioinformatics approach was applied to uncover the diagnostic and prognostic role of the identified real hub genes in CRC patients of various clinicopathological features.

Results
Out of 210 collected hub genes, in total 6 genes (CXCL12, CXCL8, AGT, GNB1, GNG4, and CXCL1) were identified as the real hub genes. We further revealed that all the six real hub genes were significantly dysregulated in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients of various clinicopathological features including different races, cancer stages, genders, age groups, and body weights. Additionally, the dysregulation of real hub genes has shown different abnormal correlations with many other parameters including promoter methylation, overall survival (OS), genetic alterations and copy number variations (CNVs), and CD8+T immune cells level. Finally, we identified a potential miRNA and various chemotherapeutic drugs via miRNA, and real hub genes drug interaction network that could be used in the treatment of CRC by regulating the expression of real hub genes.

Conclusion
In conclusion, we have identified six real hub genes as potential biomarkers of CRC patients that could help to overcome the heterogenetic-specific barrier across different clinicopathological features.
Influence of the visuo-proprioceptive illusion of movement and motor imagery of the wrist on EEG cortical excitability among healthy participants
Authors: Le Franc Salomé , Fleury Mathis , Jeunet Camille , Butet Simon , Barillot Christian , Bonan Isabelle , Cogné Mélanie , Lécuyer Anatole 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionMotor Imagery (MI) is a powerful tool to stimulate sensorimotor brain areas and is currently used in motor rehabilitation after a stroke. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether an illusion of movement induced by visuo-proprioceptive immersion (VPI) including tendon vibration (TV) and Virtual moving hand (VR) combined with MI tasks could be more efficient than VPI alone or MI alone on cortical excitability assessed using Electroencephalography (EEG).MethodsWe recorded EEG signals in 20 healthy participants in 3 different conditions: MI tasks involving their non-dominant wrist (MI condition); VPI condition; and VPI with MI tasks (combined condition). Each condition lasted 3 minutes, and was repeated 3 times in randomized order. Our main judgment criterion was the Event-Related De-synchronization (ERD) threshold in sensori-motor areas in each condition in the brain motor area.ResultsThe combined condition induced a greater change in the ERD percentage than the MI condition alone, but no significant difference was found between the combined and the VPI condition (p = 0.07) and between the VPI and MI condition (p = 0.20).ConclusionThis study demonstrated the interest of using a visuo-proprioceptive immersion with MI rather than MI alone in order to increase excitability in motor areas of the brain. Further studies could test this hypothesis among patients with stroke to provide new perspectives for motor rehabilitation in this population.
Association between adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and place of residence among adult HIV infected patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fite Robera Olana 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundAccording to the World Health Organization, optimal adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) improves quality of life. Patients who use ART have varying characteristics in terms of where they live. The effect of place of residence on ART adherence is unclear in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled association between place of residence and adherence to ART.MethodsArticles were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, African Journals Online (AJOL), Journal Storage (JSTOR), and Web of Science. The data was extracted using Microsoft Excel 2016 spreadsheet. Review Manager 5.3 and STATA version 14 were used for the analysis. The Cochrane Q statistic was used to assess between-study heterogeneity. I2was used to quantify between-study heterogeneity. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.ResultsSeven studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The Begg’s test (Z = 0.15, P = 0.881) and Egger’s test (t = 0.14, P = 0.894) revealed no evidence of publication bias. Urban residence was associated with an increased likelihood of good adherence (OR 2.07, 95%CI 1.22–3.51).ConclusionsThe study recommends that policy-makers should enact policies that increase access to ART services in a rural area in order to improve adherence. It is recommended that implementation studies be conducted in order to identify practical and affordable interventions.