bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КОМОРБІДНОГО ПЕРЕБІГУ ЦУКРОВОГО ДІАБЕТУ 2 ТИПУ ТА ГІПОТИРЕОЗУ: ЛАБОРАТОРНІ ДАНІ
Authors: Мусієнко В. А. , Марущак М. І. 
Published: December 2021

Вступ. Гіпотиреоз частіше розвивається у пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом 2 типу, ніж у загальній популяції. Це два найпоширеніших ендокринологічних розлади у світі. При коморбідності цукрового діабету 2 типу та гіпотиреозу частіше виникають макроваскулярні ускладнення, погіршується якість життя і збільшується смертність. Усе більше дослідників рекомендують рутинно досліджувати тиреоїдну функцію у хворих на цукровий діабет, що допоможе краще контролювати ці два стани.
Мета дослідження – оцінити лабораторні показники у хворих з поєднаним перебігом цукрового діабету 2 типу та гіпотиреозу і виявити можливі маркери їх коморбідного перебігу.
Методи дослідження. Проведено ретроспективне дослідження медичної документації 538 хворих на цукровий діабет 2 типу, які перебували на лікуванні в ендокринологічному відділенні протягом 2019 р. Сформовано 2 дослідних групи: 1-ша – 501 хворий на цукровий діабет 2 типу; 2-га – 37 пацієнтів з коморбідним перебігом цукрового діабету 2 типу та гіпотиреозу. Оцінювали лабораторні показники (результати загального аналізу крові, ліпідограми, гормони щитоподібної залози, біохімічні маркери) та здійснювали статистичну обробку за допомогою розрахунку медіани (Ме), нижнього (Lq) і верхнього (Uq) квартилів, U-критерію Манна – Уїтні.
Результати й обговорення. При дослідженні показників загального аналізу крові виявлено ймовірно нижчі показники гемоглобіну й еритроцитів у 2-й групі (p=<0,001 і p=0,043), швидкість осідання еритроцитів була на 15,4 % більшою порівняно з 1-ю групою (p=0,045). Показники глікозильованого гемоглобіну на 10,0 % вищі у 2-й групі (p=0,035) порівняно з 1-ю групою. Під час оцінювання ліпідограми виявлено вірогідні відмінності в показниках холестеролу ліпопротеїнів високої щільності, залишкового холестеролу, не холестеролу ліпопротеїнів високої щільності й триацилгліцеролів при порівнянні дослідних груп (p=0,01, р=0,004, р=0,008, р=0,047).
Висновки. У пацієнтів з поєднаним перебігом цукрового діабету 2 типу та гіпотиреозу виявляють нижчі значення гемоглобіну й еритроцитів, вірогідно вищі рівні швидкості осідання еритроцитів, глікозильованого гемоглобіну, а також у них прогресує дисліпідемія за рахунок холестеролу ліпопротеїнів високої щільності, не холестеролу ліпопротеїнів високої щільності, залишкового холестеролу і триацилгліцеролів порівняно з хворими на цукровий діабет 2 типу.
Rotational Activation Pattern During Functional Substrate Mapping: Novel Target for Catheter Ablation of Scar-Related Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Hattori Masayuki , Komatsu Yuki , Naeemah Qasim J. , Hanaki Yuichi , Ichihara Noboru , Ota Chihiro , Machino Takeshi , Kuroki Kenji , Yamasaki Hiro , Igarashi Miyako , Aonuma Kazutaka , Nogami Akihiko , Ieda Masaki 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Recent advancements in a 3-dimensional mapping system allow for the assessment of detailed conduction properties during sinus rhythm and thus the establishment of a strategy targeting functionally abnormal regions in scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT). We hypothesized that a rotational activation pattern (RAP) observed in maps during baseline rhythm was associated with the critical location of VT.

Methods:
We retrospectively examined the pattern of wavefront propagation during sinus rhythm in patients with scar-related VT. The prevalence and features of the RAP on critical VT circuits were analyzed. RAP was defined as >90° of inward curvature directly above or at the edge of the slow conductive areas.

Results:
Forty-five VTs in 37 patients (66±15 years old, 89% male, 27% ischemic heart disease) were evaluated. High-density substrate mapping during sinus rhythm (median, 2524 points) was performed using the CARTO3 system before VT induction. Critical sites for reentry were identified by direct termination by radiofrequency catheter ablation in 21 VTs or by pace mapping in 12 VTs. Among them, RAP was present in 70% of the 33 VTs. Four VTs had no RAP at the critical sites during sinus rhythm, but it became visible in the mappings with different wavefront directions. Six VTs, in which intramural or epicardial isthmus was suspected, were rendered noninducible by radiofrequency catheter ablation to the endocardial surface without RAP. RAP had a sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 89%, respectively, for predicting the elements in the critical zone for VT.

Conclusions:
The critical zone of VT appears to correspond to an area characterized by the RAP with slow conduction during sinus rhythm, which facilitates targeting areas specific for reentry. However, this may not be applicable to intramural VT substrates and might be affected by the direction of wavefront propagation to the scar during mapping.

Graphic Abstract:
A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Quantifying Benefit-Risk Preferences for Heart Failure Devices: A Stated-Preference Study
Authors: Reed Shelby D. , Yang Jui-Chen , Rickert Timothy , Johnson F. Reed , Gonzalez Juan Marcos , Mentz Robert J. , Krucoff Mitchell W. , Vemulapalli Sreekanth , Adamson Philip B. , Gebben David J. , Rincon-Gonzalez Liliana , Saha Anindita , Schaber Daniel , Stein Kenneth M. , Tarver Michelle E. , Bruhn-Ding Dean 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Regulatory and clinical decisions involving health technologies require judgements about relative importance of their expected benefits and risks. We sought to quantify heart-failure patients’ acceptance of therapeutic risks in exchange for improved effectiveness with implantable devices.

Methods:
Individuals with heart failure recruited from a national web panel or academic medical center completed a web-based discrete-choice experiment survey in which they were randomized to one of 40 blocks of 8 experimentally controlled choice questions comprised of 2 device scenarios and a no-device scenario. Device scenarios offered an additional year of physical functioning equivalent to New York Heart Association class III or a year with improved (ie, class II) symptoms, or both, with 30-day mortality risks ranging from 0% to 15%, in-hospital complication risks ranging from 0% to 40%, and a remote adjustment device feature. Logit-based regression models fit participants’ choices as a function of health outcomes, risks and remote adjustment.

Results:
Latent-class analysis of 613 participants (mean age, 65; 49% female) revealed that two-thirds were best represented by a pro-device, more risk-tolerant class, accepting up to 9% (95% CI, 7%–11%) absolute risk of device-associated mortality for a one-year gain in improved functioning (New York Heart Association class II). Approximately 20% were best represented by a less risk-tolerant class, accepting a maximum device-associated mortality risk of 3% (95% CI, 1%–4%) for the same benefit. The remaining class had strong antidevice preferences, thus maximum-acceptable risk was not calculated.

Conclusions:
Quantitative evidence on benefit-risk tradeoffs for implantable heart-failure device profiles may facilitate incorporating patients’ views during product development, regulatory decision-making, and clinical practice.
Greek Catenae and the “Western” Order of the Gospels
Authors: Patton Andrew J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The “Western” order of the gospels—Matthew–John–Luke–Mark—is found in a few important ancient codices in both the Greek and the Latin tradition. Previous attempts to identify Greek minuscule manuscripts with this sequence have been inconclusive. This article presents five Greek minuscules which feature the gospels in the Western order. These five manuscripts, along with two Greek majuscules, contain the earliest form of the catena commentary on Matthew, John, and Luke. The analysis of these catenae reveals that the sequence of their composition is reflected in the codicology of these manuscripts, as well as non-standard orders of the gospels in other catena witnesses. It is therefore the presence of the commentary which explains the adoption of the Western order in seven of the eleven known occurrences in Greek.
Die Christus-Metapher „Widderlamm“
Authors: Bachmann Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The term ἀρνίον is used no fewer than 28 times in the Revelation of John (starting with 5:6 and ending with 22:3). But the meaning of the word is controversial: “ram” or “lamb”? And it may be asked also whether one has to think of a sacrificial animal in those 28 ἀρνίον-instances of this “book.” Exegetes mostly not take into consideration the accent on the “masculinity” of the ἀρνίον (see esp. 5:6 and 19:7; cf. 19:9; 21:2, 9) and the lacking of the expression “slaughtered lamb” after 13:8, that is, in the concluding parts of the “book” (17:1–22:5/21), which, instead, emphasize the magnificence of the ἀρνίον. The option to translate the word ἀρνίον by “ram lamb” – an animal that matures quite early – should solve the problems. And this suggestion is supported by diachronic observations, including the fact that the Septuagint does not use the term ἀρνίον with regard to cultic sacrifice.
Social Interaction Style in Autism: An Inquiry into Phenomenological Methodology
Authors: Boldsen Sofie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Autistic difficulties with social interaction have primarily been understood as expressions of underlying impairment of the ability to ‘mindread.’ Although this understanding of autism and social interaction has raised controversy in the phenomenological community for decades, the phenomenological criticism remains largely on a philosophical level. This article helps fill this gap by discussing how phenomenology can contribute to empirical methodologies for studying social interaction in autism. By drawing on the phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and qualitative data from an ongoing study on social interaction in autism, I discuss how qualitative interviews and participant observation can yield phenomenologically salient data on social interaction. Both, I argue, enjoy their phenomenological promise through facilitating attention to the social-spatial-material fields in and through which social interactions and experiences arise. By developing phenomenologically sound approaches to studying social interaction, this article helps resolve the deficiency of knowledge concerning experiential dimensions of social interaction in autism.
Myanmar
Authors: Morada Noel M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article examines how atrocity prevention efforts have had a limited effect on the violence and atrocities being committed in Myanmar. Myanmar’s military forces, the Tatmadaw, remain free to commit atrocities against vulnerable populations in the country, particularly against the Rohingya minority in Rakhine state. These efforts have been stymied at both the international and regional levels, especially now that the Tatmadaw rule the country following a coup d’etat in February 2021. UN efforts have fallen short as the Tatmadaw refuse to cooperate with the international community due to a lack of trust in UN processes and a subsequent siege mentality over heightened international outrage over the treatment of both the Rohingyas and protesters against the coup. Prevention efforts through asean, of which Myanmar is a member, have also fallen short. This is due primarily to a lack of accountability for erring members, and a long-standing principle of non-interference in members’ domestic affairs. Currently, there are no incentives for the Tatmadaw to negotiate and stop the violence committed against their own people. Indeed, the failure of these prevention efforts and the increased notions of nationalism they foster may be used by the Tatmadaw to continue their current policies of isolation and maintain power.
A Sudden Turnaround: The Pro-Han Immigration Policy in Manchuria and Its Abrupt Abrogation in Early Qing Era
Authors: Sepe Agostino 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For most of Qing domination over China, the Manchu rulers strictly controlled or even prohibited migration of Chinese people to the dynasty’s Motherland (long xing zhi di 龍興之地). Only two brief phases are an exception, namely the mid Shunzhi to early Kangxi and Yongzheng periods. During the former, in 1653, a “Regulation for the repopulation and land reclamation of Liaodong” was promulgated, establishing alluring incentives for whoever managed to move a hundred or more people to the region east of the Liao river. Only fifteen years later, when the maneuver had just started to produce some results, the Qing court abolished it. In the long term, such a change of direction appears perfectly normal, considering that later on most of the lands would be assigned to the Eight Banners and the state would have striven to keep the Chinese out. Nevertheless, in the short term, the decision seemed to come out of the blue. An interesting debate on what might have determined the turnabout began in the early twentieth century, and some most recent contributions have been published in the 2000s; yet none of the thesis proposed so far is fully convincing. On the basis of sources that have not yet been taken into account, this paper further investigates into the matter and aims at demonstrating that the concerns which compelled the rulers to officially oppose immigration in the following decades already existed in the very first years of Kangxi reign.
„Rasa czyli plemię”. Problemy z nomenklaturą u początku polskiej antropologii
Authors: Nowak Joanna 
Published: December 2021

“Race or Tribe”: Problems with Nomenclature in the Early Days of Polish Anthropology This article presents the early stage of shaping Polish terminology connected with the human science, the origins of man and differentiation of humankind in the period when anthropology only began to separate from natural history, and its representatives attempted to make the scope of their research clear and distinct. This process of organising the organic world within the classification systems created for this purpose, including divisions of the mankind on the basis of physical and cultural features of people, was accompanied by an effort to unify scholarly nomenclature and establish a “systematic language”. This was a slow and often chaotic phase because scholars did not object to inconsistent nomenclature at all. In works popularising knowledge and in journalism even more disinformation appeared.The notion of race was accepted as a superior category that was to show a complexity of terms reflecting the divisions of the human kind. This term, from the second half of the eighteenth century used in Western literature to denote individual physical types of man, in the Polish writings was little known and as a rule other notions were in common use instead. Plenty of meanings, diverse and arbitrary application of notions made it necessary to organise this chaos and explain the most typical categories that the Polish authors of the Enlightenment and Romantic periods started to apply in order to describe the diversity of the human world. „Rasa czyli plemię”. Problemy z nomenklaturą u początku polskiej antropologiiW artykule zaprezentowano początki kształtowania się polskiej terminologii związanej z nauką o człowieku, jego pochodzeniu i zróżnicowaniu, w okresie, kiedy antropologia dopiero zaczynała wyodrębniać się z historii naturalnej, a jej przedstawiciele próbowali doprecyzować zakres badanego przedmiotu. Procesowi uporządkowania świata organicznego w ramach powstałych systemów klasyfikacyjnych, w tym podziałów rodzaju ludzkiego ze względu na cechy fizyczne i kulturowe, towarzyszyło ujednolicenie nazewnictwa naukowego, tworzenie „języka systematycznego”. Jego powstawanie dokonywało się powoli, często chaotycznie za sprawą samych badaczy, którym nie przeszkadzała nomenklaturowa niekonsekwencja. Jeszcze większa dezinformacja panowała w pracach popularyzujących wiedzę i publicystyce.Za kategorię nadrzędną, która posłużyła do ukazania złożoności formowania się terminów związanych z podziałami ludzkości, przyjęto pojęcie rasy. Termin ten, używany w literaturze zachodniej do opisów odrębnych typów fizycznych człowieka od drugiej połowy XVIII wieku w piśmiennictwie polskim był słabo upowszechniony i konsekwentnie zastępowany innymi określeniami. Bogactwo znaczeń, różnorodność i dowolność ich stosowania zrodziły potrzebę uporządkowania tego pojęciowego zamieszania i wyjaśnienia najbardziej typowych kategorii, które służyły polskim autorom formacji oświeceniowej i romantycznej do opisów zróżnicowania świata ludzkiego.
Habitualne czasowniki wyrażające czystą kauzację w języku bułgarskim: w ujęciu syntaktyczno-leksykograficznym
Authors: Banasiak Jakub Lubomir 
Published: December 2021

Habitual Verbs Expressing Pure Causativity in the Bulgarian Language: A Syntactic-Lexicographic ApproachThis article presents the semantics and syntax of habitual verbs expressing pure causativity in Bulgarian. The linguistic data is modelled according to the predicate-argument theory with a particular focus on syntactic condensation processes. The lexical units under investigation are presented in the form of a semantic-syntactic dictionary with examples of different types of formalisations of the two opened argument positions (“cause” and “effect”). The latter of the two positions is less compatible with non-abstract nouns as the only formal exponent of the proposition. The following units were selected for the study: Bul. води, довежда, докарва, идва от (причината), предизвиква, причинява, произлиза, произтича. Habitualne czasowniki wyrażające czystą kauzację w języku bułgarskim: w ujęciu syntaktyczno-leksykograficznymW artykule omówiono semantykę i składnię habitualnych czasowników wyrażających czystą kauzację w języku bułgarskim. Dane językowe zostały wymodelowane w oparciu o teorię predykatowo-argumentową ze szczególnym naciskiem położonym na procesy kondensacji syntaktycznej. Zbadane jednostki zostały zaprezentowane w formie semantyczno-syntaktycznego słownika z przykładami różnych typów formalizacji obu otwartych pozycji argumentowych („przyczyny” i „skutku”). Druga z omawianych pozycji jest mniej kompatybilna z rzeczownikami nieabstrakcyjnymi w funkcji jedynego wykładnika propozycji. Do badania wybrano następujące jednostki: bg. води, довежда, докарва, идва от (причината), предизвиква, причинява, произлиза, произтича.
General Surgery Twitter during COVID-19: Tweets, Trends, and Implications for Recruitment Strategies
Authors: Cox James Shell , Wehrle Chase J. , Mejias Christopher , Devarakonda Aditya K. , McKenzie Jonathan Andrew , Arora Tania K. 
Published: December 2021

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted traditional resident recruitment practices, requiring virtual interviews and new forms of outreach. Social media, such as Twitter, is one tool programs can use to connect with applicants. This study sought to assess changes in Twitter use during the COVID-19 pandemic among general surgery programs. Methods Twitter and residency program websites were queried for public Twitter accounts related to general surgery residency programs. Publicly available tweets for available accounts were reviewed for all posts for the period March 15, 2019-November 25, 2020. Thematic analysis of each tweet was performed, and engagement was determined by likes and retweets on each tweet. Results The number of programs with active Twitter accounts increased after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, as did the number of tweets, likes-, and retweets-per-tweet. There was a significant increase in the number of tweets regarding resident promotion, program promotion, and virtual event promotion. Tweets received more likes-per-tweet if the subject was program promotion and resident promotion than tweets regarding virtual events. All results were statistically significant ( P < .05). Discussion Twitter use and engagement with residency programs have increased significantly since pandemic onset. Engagement is highest for tweets regarding program and resident promotion as measured by likes-per-tweet and highest for program promotion and virtual events as measured by retweets-per-tweet. Given the nearly nationwide increase in Twitter engagement after pandemic onset, programs should consider the impact of Twitter as a means of communication with applicants and program branding.
Intention and Monitoring Influence the Content of Memory Reports
Authors: Barzykowski Krystian , Skopicz-Radkiewicz Ewa , Kabut Radosław , Staugaard Søren Risløv , Mazzoni Giuliana 
Published: December 2021

Objectives While voluntary memories are intended and expected, involuntary memories are retrieved with no intention and are usually unexpected (when one is not waiting for a memory). The present study investigates the effects of retrieval intentionality ( wanting to retrieve a memory) and monitoring processes ( expecting a memory to appear) on the characteristics of autobiographical memories. Methods To this end, by applying mixed-method analysis of memory descriptions (i.e. combining qualitative with quantitative analyses) we re-analysed the large pool of involuntary and voluntary memories obtained in one previously published study, asking independent judges to rate all the memories on several dimensions reflecting memory accessibility (i.e. the likelihood that a memory can be retrieved). Results When discussing our findings, we speculate that there may be several stages of memory retrieval that might be differently influenced by intention and monitoring. Conclusions We discuss the novel hypothesis that there may be two different types of monitoring that operate independently of each other, before and after retrieval, respectively.
A new smartphone application for integrated transmural care of atrial fibrillation, AF-EduApp: Usability and validation study
Authors: Knaepen Lieselotte , Delesie Michiel , Theunis Rik , Vijgen Johan , Dendale Paul , Desteghe Lien , Heidbuchel Hein 
Published: December 2021

Introduction Digital technology creates the opportunity to develop and evaluate new tools, such as smartphone applications, to support integrated atrial fibrillation management. This study aimed to develop, evaluate, and validate a new, integrated care application (AF-EduApp) mainly focusing on targeted atrial fibrillation education to improve patient self-care capabilities and therapy adherence. Methods The newly developed AF-EduApp, available for Android and iOS, consists of six different modules. The prototype was validated and optimized for its usability and functionality at Jessa Hospital Hasselt and Antwerp University Hospital in two phases: (1) validity evaluation with interviews of an expert panel with 15 healthcare professionals and 10 atrial fibrillation patients, and (2) a pilot study of 1 month with 20 atrial fibrillation patients. Results Both experts and patients found that the application aids atrial fibrillation management. Based on the input of patients and experts, the main optimizations concerned the medication module (patient choice on setting reminder; interactivity of reminders with a “taken” or “snooze” function) and development of a clinical dashboard for the caregivers allowing telemonitoring of measurements and feedback to the patients. After the pilot study ( n = 20), 16 patients indicated they wanted to use the app for a longer period. The measurement (27%) and education (17%) modules were the two most used modules with a significant improvement in knowledge (71.9% to 87.5%; P = 0.013). Discussion The AF-EduApp received a positive evaluation from health professionals and atrial fibrillation patients. Further development should be focused on the medication module and improvement of the clinical dashboard.