bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Septal Ablation Versus Surgical Myomectomy for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pelliccia F. , Seggewiss H. , Cecchi F. , Calabrò P. , Limongelli G. , Alfieri O. , Ferrazzi P. , Yacoub M. H. , Olivotto I. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) who have left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) often experience severe symptoms and functional limitation. Relief of LVOTO can be achieved by two invasive interventions, i.e., surgery myectomy and alcohol septal ablation (ASA), leading in experienced hands to a dramatic improvement in clinical status. Despite extensive research, however, the choice of the best option in individual patients remains challenging and poses numerous clinical dilemmas.

Recent Findings
Invasive strategies have been recently incorporated in recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of HCM on both sides of the Atlantic. These guidelines are based on a bulk of well-designed but retrospective studies as well as on expert opinions. Evidence now exists that adequate evaluation and management of HCM requires a multidisciplinary team capable of choosing the best available options.

Summary
Management of LVOTO still varies largely based on local expertise and patient preference. Following the trend that has emerged for other cardiac diseases amenable to invasive interventions, the concept of a “HCM heart team” is coming of age.
The Status and Challenges of Sustainable Intensification of Rice-Potato Systems in Southern China
Authors: Lu Yao , Kear Philip , Lu Xiaoping , Gatto Marcel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPotato is the world's largest non-cereal crop, occupying a position critical for global food security. In China, potato is the fourth largest crop adding to food security and incomes. The large population and unremitting reductions in arable land are the most critical root causes of China's food security problems. Hence, crop yield improvements and strategies to improve land use are at the forefront of solutions to increase China's food security. Maintenance of existing land resources while increasing crop yields, avoiding soil quality degradation and wastage of water are enduring problems that have long attracted widespread attention in many research fields. This article, analyzes and discusses the status and challenges to sustainable intensification of rice-potato rotation in southern China. Three significant findings were obtained in this paper, viz. availability of about 16 million hectares of suitable land for rice-potato intensification in southern China in 2016 are reported, several conservation agricultural practices with varying intensity and higher economic benefits in rice-potato rotation than rice-fallow, which may positively effects the environment. It was concluded that agricultural intensification with potato was an economically viable avenue along with good agricultural practices that minimize adverse environmental effects.
In Stars We Trust – A Note on Reputation Portability Between Digital Platforms
Authors: Hesse Maik , Teubner Timm , Adam Marc T. P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractComplementors accumulate reputation on an ever-increasing number of online platforms. While the effects of reputation within individual platforms are well-understood, its potential effectiveness across platform boundaries has received much less attention. This research note considers complementors’ ability to increase their trustworthiness in the eyes of prospective consumers by importing reputational data from another platform. The study evaluates this potential lever by means of an online experiment, during which specific combinations of on-site and imported rating scores are tested. Results reveal that importing reputation can be advantageous – but also detrimental, depending on ratings’ values. Implications for complementors, platform operators, and regulatory bodies concerned with online reputation are considered.
Compositional modulation in ZnGa2O4 via Zn2+/Ge4+ co-doping to simultaneously lower sintering temperature and improve microwave dielectric properties
Authors: Xiong Ying , Xie Hongyuan , Rao Zhenggang , Liu Laijun , Wang Zhengfeng , Li Chunchun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAB2O4-type spinels with low relative permittivity (εr) and high quality factor (Q × f) are crucial to high-speed signal propagation systems. In this work, Zn2+/Ge4+ co-doping to substitute Ga3+ in ZnGa2O4 was designed to lower the sintering temperature and adjust the thermal stability of resonance frequency simultaneously. Zn1+xGa2−2xGexO4 (0.1 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.5) ceramics were synthesised by the conventional solid-state method. Zn2+/Ge4+ co-substitution induced minimal variation in the macroscopical spinel structure, which effectively lowered the sintering temperature from 1385 to 1250 °C. All compositions crystallized in a normal spinel structure and exhibited dense microstructures and excellent microwave dielectric properties. The compositional dependent quality factor was related to the microstructural variation, being confirmed by Raman features. A composition with x = 0.3 shows the best dielectric properties with εr ≈ 10.09, Q × f ≈ 112,700 THz, and τf ≈ −75.6 ppm/°C. The negative τf value was further adjusted to be near-zero through the formation of composite ceramics with TiO2.
Körper, Tod und Flüssigkeiten – Das Abjekte der Organspende
Authors: Böhrer Annerose 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie postmortale Transplantation von Organen gilt als integraler Bestandteil von Hochleistungsmedizin. Zugleich wird immer wieder ein Mangel an gespendeten Organen problematisiert und die Autonomie der Patientinnen und Patienten gegen einen gesellschaftlichen Solidaritätsanspruch gestellt. Eine zentrale Praxis in diesem Zusammenhang ist die ‚Aufklärung‘ der Bevölkerung. In den für diesen Zwecken zusammengestellten Informationen und Kampagnen finden Widerspruch und Unbehagen jedoch meistens keinen Raum und auch bestimmte Aspekte der Organspende (wie z. B. der Tod der Spender/-innen) werden tendenziell oft übergangen. Der Beitrag richtet das Augenmerk auf eben jene ambivalenten Bereiche der Organspende und schlägt vor, sich diesen mit Kristevas Konzept des Abjekten zu nähern. Das ‚Abjekte der Organspende‘ ließe sich demnach auf vier Ebenen verorten, die vor allem die Körper der Spender/-innen betreffen: Tod und Sterben, die Zergliederung des Körpers, die Organe und das Körperinnere sowie die in der Praxis der Organspende entstehenden Grenzverschiebungen bzw. -auflösungen. Das Wechselspiel der Annäherung an und Distanzierung von diesen Aspekten der Körperlichkeit und des Sterbens, das in den Kulturtechniken der Organspende sichtbar wird, ist aus dieser Perspektive ein integraler Bestandteil dieser Praxis im Umgang mit Körper, Tod und Sterben.
Homotopy Hubbard trees for post-singularly finite exponential maps
Authors: PFRANG DAVID , ROTHGANG MICHAEL , SCHLEICHER DIERK 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe extend the concept of a Hubbard tree, well established and useful in the theory of polynomial dynamics, to the dynamics of transcendental entire functions. We show that Hubbard trees in the strict traditional sense, as invariant compact trees embedded in
$\mathbb {C}$
, do not exist even for post-singularly finite exponential maps; the difficulty lies in the existence of asymptotic values. We therefore introduce the concept of a homotopy Hubbard tree that takes care of these difficulties. Specifically for the family of exponential maps, we show that every post-singularly finite map has a homotopy Hubbard tree that is unique up to homotopy, and that post-singularly finite exponential maps can be classified in terms of homotopy Hubbard trees, using a transcendental analogue of Thurston’s topological characterization theorem of rational maps.
Long-term impact of paediatric tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy on the Paediatric Throat Disorders Outcome Test: a prospective observational study
Authors: Bennett S , Gao J , Osen E , Myuran T 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical value of tonsillectomy continues to cause much debate, despite tonsil disease representing a significant burden to patients, caregivers and healthcare systems. This study assessed the long-term effect of adenotonsillectomy or tonsillectomy on the Paediatric Throat Disorders Outcome Test (‘T-14’), a validated tool used to objectively assess obstructive and infective symptoms in paediatric throat disorders.MethodsPatients aged under 16 years undergoing adenotonsillectomy or tonsillectomy were recruited consecutively from 2018 into our prospective observational study. The Paediatric Throat Disorders Outcome Test questionnaire was completed by the children's caregivers pre-operatively (n = 80), and at 21 days (n = 68) and 2 years (n = 66) post-operatively.ResultsSignificant reductions were noted in mean total Paediatric Throat Disorders Outcome Test scores at 21 days and 2 years post-operatively (p ≤ 0.003).ConclusionOur results provide supporting evidence that paediatric adenotonsillectomy or tonsillectomy significantly improves quality of life up to two years post-operatively, and therefore remains a valuable use of healthcare resources.
Exploring the art of medical photography - an otolaryngologist's perspective
Authors: Samaddar S , Maiti A , Samaddar S , Mondal B , Bandyopadhyay S 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundModern day otolaryngology has expanded beyond the ear, nose and throat to include head and neck surgery and aesthetic facial procedures. Photographic documentation is important within this expanded horizon. The spectrum of clinical photography includes photomicrographs, endoscopic photographs, peri-operative photography and medical social photography.MethodThis article aimed to review the standard guidelines essential to obtain, store and disseminate photographs and looked at setting up a small clinic with minimal gadgets to suit clinical photography requirements. Elaboration of basic photography techniques in otolaryngology was reviewed, with examples of photographs taken in a clinic by a clinician. Advances and innovation in clinical photography, in the form of smartphone photography, artificial intelligence, device editing and newer hardware and software in otorhinolaryngology was reviewed.ConclusionHaving a professional photographer to aid a clinician is a luxury. Simple knowledge and regular practice of basic photography guidelines by a clinician is imperative.
No lasting impact of Covid-19 on the auditory system: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Hassani S , Lazem M , Jafari Z 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveOtological complications are considered early symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; however, it is unknown how long these symptoms last and whether the virus leaves any hearing disorders post-recovery.MethodsThis prospective cohort study comprised 31 mild or moderate confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 patients and 26 age-matched control peers (21–50 years old). Patients were questioned about their otological symptoms, and their hearing status was assessed during one month post-diagnosis.ResultsPatients showed a significantly higher rate of otological symptoms (hearing loss, ear fullness, ear pain, dizziness or vertigo, communication difficulties, and hyperacusis) versus the control group (p≤ 0.022). The symptoms resolved early, between 2 and 8 days after their appearance. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in pure tone and extended high-frequency audiometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, or auditory brainstem response following recovery.ConclusionThe findings indicate that, in mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 cases, otological symptoms resolve within a week, and the virus has no lasting impact on the auditory system.
Growing versus non-growing vestibular schwannomas: assessment of natural history
Authors: Dardis A , Donghun K , Kontorinis G 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveVestibular schwannomas can demonstrate great heterogeneity in their behaviour; approximately one-third will grow and two-thirds will not. This study aimed to determine whether there are factors present at diagnosis that can help predict outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study compared data from 735 patients from the past 20 years. Analysis of serial magnetic resonance imaging was carried out to place patients into growing and non-growing cohorts. Factors including size, age, follow-up time and presence of balance symptoms were compared.ResultsThe median size of a growing vestibular schwannoma at diagnosis was 13 mm, whereas the non-growing median size was 10.65 mm (p < 0.001). Balance symptoms were present in 60.76 per cent of growing vestibular schwannoma patients but only in 38.75 per cent of patients with non-growing vestibular schwannomas (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study highlights initial tumour size and balance symptoms as potential predictors of whether or not a vestibular schwannoma will grow; these results better facilitate our understanding of vestibular schwannoma natural history.
The afterlives of Yi Gwangsu: Narrating the trauma of colonial collaboration
Authors: Shin Michael D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article seeks to examine the repeated appearance of Yi Gwangsu (1892–1950) in South Korean postcolonial fiction as a sign of collective trauma. Yi was a pioneering novelist who was a nationalist hero to his readers, but later became a collaborator who supported Japan's war effort. This article focuses on depictions of Yi in the works of three postcolonial writers – Choe Inhun, Seonu Hwi, and Bok Geoil – whose works bore witness to how traumatic his collaboration was. Their works displayed many of the defining characteristics of trauma such as delayed experience and transmission to others. They were also marked by narrative rupture as represented by Yi's mutually incompatible identities as both a nationalist and a collaborator. Rather than repeating the traumatic event, these stories employed various strategies to create new narratives that attempted to heal the trauma.
Applying spatial mutual information to AIS data
Authors: McArthur Bruce A. , Isenor Anthony W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper examines a new interpretation for spatial mutual information based on the mutual information between an attribute value and a spatial random variable. This new interpretation permits the measurement of variations in spatial mutual information over the domain, not only answering the question of whether a spatial dependency exists and the strength of that dependency, but also allowing the identification of where such dependencies exist. Using simulated and real vessel reporting data, the properties of this new interpretation of spatial mutual information are explored. The utility of the technique in detecting spatial boundaries between regions of data having different statistical properties is examined. The technique is shown to successfully identify vessel traffic boundaries, crossing points between traffic lanes, and transitions between regions having differing vessel movement patterns.
Developing Cultural Awareness Curricular Competencies for Humanitarian Non-Governmental Organization Staff
Authors: Hart Alexander , Toma Mariana , Issa Fadi , Neault Noelle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground:Cultural awareness is an important part of organizational success when interacting with multiple cultures. Research has shown a dearth of standardized cultural awareness training programs for non-governmental humanitarian organization staff.Purpose:This study aims to develop an expert-consensus set of cultural awareness competencies as the basis for development of humanitarian staff cultural awareness trainings.Methods:A modified Delphi process was selected. The first round of surveys collected a list of cultural awareness competencies from experts in the fields of non-governmental organization (NGO) operations and cultural awareness education and research. This collated list of competencies was then used as the basis of a survey obtaining ratings by the group on a five-point Likert scale. Competencies which achieved an average rating of 4.0 or higher were considered to be “important” for inclusion in future training programs.Results:A total of 67.9% of contacted experts agreed to participate, with 84.2% of those completing all rounds of the survey. This group developed a list of ten competencies, including: Cultural Awareness/Sensitivity and Intercultural Communication; Cultural Intelligence; Unconscious Bias/Diversity Awareness; a Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles; Gender and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Other Sexual Identities (LGBTQ+) Issues and Safety; Analytical and Critical Thinking Skills; Negotiation; Program Mission; Power Dynamics; and Empathy.Conclusions:This study defined a set of ten expert-consensus cultural awareness competencies which can be a basis for future NGO staff training. Future work can both use these competencies to create educational programs and further define and expand the set of competencies based on analyses of their implementation.
Fast Food Delivery: Operationalization and Research Design
Authors: Thunberg Michael E. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTActive learning is an important component of political science instruction in which instructors use innovative active-learning techniques across the subfields. These methods are crucially important in methods courses, which contain some of the most difficult and important topics for the discipline, making it optimal for conveying challenging concepts using active-learning approaches. This article describes an active-learning exercise to engage students with operationalization, research design, data collection, and analysis. Students develop an observational study for a “fast” food delivery service. They operationalize the dependent variable—“fast delivery”—and determine which independent variables will impact delivery speed. Students collect data when the instructor orders food and has it delivered to the classroom. This exercise moves away from abstract concepts found in political science journals and makes research design more concrete, relatable, and engaging.
Changing the Bodleian Law Library: From the Ground to the Roof
Authors: Garner Helen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article written by Helen Garner, the Bodleian Law Librarian, reviews three different building projects that have taken place at the Bodleian Law Library (BLL) between 2010 and 2020. The three projects were all undertaken independently of each other and have transformed the BLL. This article discusses each project and explains the work that was completed. This is followed by a summary of the impact of the projects and the lessons learnt.
Westlaw Edge UK: Three Traits that Make for an Unrivalled Lawyer
Authors: Steer Samantha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article Samantha Steer looks at recent market insights as to the expectations of law firm clients, as well as the traits of lawyers, and presents key features from Westlaw Edge UK that address both aspects. She focuses on how Westlaw Edge UK can help lawyers with regard to accuracy, efficiency and confidence.
A Complex Paleo‐Surface Revealed by the Yutu‐2 Rover at the Lunar Farside
Authors: Lai Jialong , Xu Yi , Bugiolacchi Roberto , Wong Hon Kuan , Xu Luyuan , Zhang Xunyu , Zhang Ling , Zhang Xiaoping , Xiao Long , Liu Bin , Di Kaichang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe observable lunar surface is represented by a ubiquitous layer of fine‐grained materials produced by billions of years of hypervelocity pounding of its crustal layer. The data from the Lunar Penetrating Radar onboard Chang'e‐4 (CE‐4) rover (Yutu‐2), which is exploring the Von Kármán Crater on the lunar farside, are helping to peel back the upper layer of finely comminuted materials, interpreted as a thick layer of ejecta from the neighboring Finsen crater, to reveal a complex paleo‐surface morphology. During the rover’s 560 m journey, from depths of 7–20 m, distinct variations in the returned signal characteristics reveal a possible 270 ± 10 m buried crater with an estimated age of less than 100 m.y. A smooth surface depression that lies to the southwest of the Yutu‐2 rover’s travel path might not be the remnant of a degraded crater but a related surface expression of the hidden structure.
Distinct Tropospheric and Stratospheric Mechanisms Linking Historical Barents‐Kara Sea‐Ice Loss and Late Winter Eurasian Temperature Variability
Authors: Xu Mian , Tian Wenshou , Zhang Jiankai , Screen James A. , Huang Jinlong , Qie Kai , Wang Tao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReduced Arctic sea‐ice has been proposed to induce severe Eurasian cold events. However, the physical mechanisms for this connection, particularly the relative importance of tropospheric and stratospheric processes, remain unclear. Using ERA‐Interim reanalysis data and WACCM‐SC simulations, we show that the Eurasian cooling induced by reduced sea‐ice centers over eastern Asia and northern Europe. Tropospheric and stratospheric processes contribute roughly equally to the cooling over eastern Asia, while the stratospheric and tropospheric contributions are 60% and 40%, respectively, over northern Europe. In the tropospheric pathway, weakened meridional temperature gradient due to reduced sea‐ice strengthens the Ural blocking and enhances the Siberian High. The enhanced Siberian High favors two streams of cold air‐mass, reaching northern Europe and eastern Asia. In the stratospheric pathway, enhanced upward‐propagating planetary wave 1 causes a shift of the stratospheric polar vortex toward Eurasia and consequently, tropospheric cyclonic anomalies are induced that enhance surface cold anomalies.
Influence of Zones of Pre‐Existing Crustal Weakness on Strain Localization and Partitioning During Rifting: Insights From Analog Modeling Using High‐Resolution 3D Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Osagiede Edoseghe E. , Rosenau Matthias , Rotevatn Atle , Gawthorpe Rob , Jackson Christopher A‐L , Rudolf Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPre‐existing crustal structures are known to influence rifting, but the factors controlling their influence remain poorly understood. We present results of digital image correlation that allows for the surface strain analysis of a series of analog rifting experiments designed to test the influence of the size, orientation, depth, and geometry of pre‐existing crustal weak zones on strain localization and partitioning. We apply distributed basal extension to crustal‐scale models consisting of a silicone weak zone embedded in a quartz sand layer. We vary the size and orientation (α‐angle) of the weak zone with respect to the extension direction, reduce the thickness of the sand layer to simulate a shallow weak zone, and vary the geometry of the weak zone. Our results show that at higher α‐angle (≥60°) both small‐scale and large‐scale weak zones localize strain into graben‐bounding (oblique‐) normal faults. At lower α‐angle (≤45°), small‐scale weak zones do not localize strain effectively, unless they are shallow. In most models, we observe diffuse, second‐order strike‐slip intra‐graben structures, which are conjugate and antithetic under orthogonal and oblique extension, respectively. Generally, the observed spectrum of rift faulting styles (from discrete fault planes to diffuse fault zones, from normal to oblique and strike‐slip) highlights the sensitivity of rift architecture to the orientation, size, depth, and geometry of pre‐existing weak zones. Our generic models are comparable to observations from many natural rift systems like the North Sea and East Africa, and thus have implications for understanding the role of structural inheritance in rift basins.