bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To lead or not to lead: regional powers and regional leadership
Authors: Nolte Detlef , Schenoni Luis L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent trends demonstrate that states with sufficient capabilities to be granted regional power status by its peers (primarily other states within their region) can nonetheless renounce regional leadership. This article analyzes the puzzling behavior of these detached or reluctant regional powers. We argue that resorting to an approach grounded in neoclassical realism is helpful to explain why regional powers might not exercise leadership. In this article regional leadership is conceptualized as an auxiliary goal within the grand strategy of a regional power. This goal will be pursued in the absence of certain structural and domestic constraints. Great power competition determines the incentives for regional leadership at the structural level. Capacity to extract and mobilize resources for foreign policy affects the decision to pursue leadership at the domestic level. We apply the analytical framework to analyze Brazil’s detachment from South America after the Cardoso and Lula presidencies.
Microstructural characterization of dissimilar weld joint between ferritic steel and stainless steel
Authors: Karthick K. , Malarvizhi S. , Balasubramanian V. 
Published: October 2021

In this investigation, microstructural variation across the dissimilar weld joint between modified 9Cr-1Mo ferritic steel and 316LN stainless steel with nickel-based filler metal was fabricated and characterized by various techniques. It was observed that the heterogeneous microstructure and non-uniform microhardness were developed across the dissimilar weld joint. Carbon-depleted soft zone, carbon-enriched hard zone, type I and type II boundaries are evident at the P91 heat-affected zone (HAZ) – buttering layer interface. An unmixed zone was observed at the weld metal-316 LN stainless steel HAZ interface. Distinct microstructures were developed across the dissimilar weld joint are due to the mismatch in chemical composition, crystal structure and melting temperature difference between base metals and filler metal.
Primordial Power Spectrum reconstruction from CMB Weak Lensing Power Spectrum
Authors: Chandra Rajorshi Sushovan , Souradeep Tarun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We use the modified and improved Richardson-Lucy (IRL) deconvolution
algorithm to reconstruct the Primordial Power Spectrum (PPS) from the Weak Lensing Power Spectrum CL

ϕϕ reconstructed from CMB anisotropies. This provides an independent window to observe and constrain the PPS PR
(k) along different k scales as compared to CMB Temperature Power Spectrum. The Weak Lensing Power Spectrum does not contain secondary variations in power and hence is cleaner, unlike the Temperature Power Spectrum which suffers from lensing which must be addressed during PPS reconstructions. We demonstrate that the physical behaviour of the weak lensing kernel is unique and reconstructs broad features over k. We provide an in-depth analysis of the error propagation using simulated data and Monte-Carlo sampling, using Planck best-fit cosmological parameters to simulate the data with cosmic variance limited error bars. The error and initial condition analyses provide a clear picture of the optimal reconstruction region for the estimator while providing a detailed statistical insight of the results. We also provide an algorithm for PR
(k) sampling sparsity to be used based on the given data and errors, to optimize statistical significance. Eventually we plan to use this method on actual mission data and provide a cross reference to PPS reconstructed from other sectors and any possible features in them.
A reinterrogation of South African child welfare discourse: A case for decolonisation?
Authors: Schmid Jeanette 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Relying on discourse analysis and critical social work, this article explores the relevance of a decolonisation discourse to South African child welfare. A child welfare discourse of coloniality emerges from Australia, New Zealand and Canada. This emphasises the role that colonisation has played in eradicating indigenous persons or alternately assimilating subjugated populations to Western norms and sensibilities and maintains that coloniality persists in contemporary child welfare. South African child welfare has not been explicitly problematised as furthering coloniality. There have been transformation efforts post-apartheid relating to the legislative/policy environment and increasing racial representation and community-based access. However, the colonial and apartheid roots of South African child welfare persist in impacting child welfare, particularly by overriding local ways of being. A decolonisation discourse is needed to identify the various ways in which the child welfare system replicates colonising processes and how these can be interrupted. To do so, the individualised, intrusive, punitive, statutory Child Protection discourse must be replaced, structural issues prioritised, intergenerational and contemporary trauma centred, liberatory indigenous child-rearing practices privileged and local knowledges curated and used to inform the child welfare process.
Optimized wavelet packet analysis for photovoltaic wave power suppression
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , Li Xinran , Meng Ya , Chen Changqin , Yang Yang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is composed of lithium-ion battery packs and supercapacitors (SCs), it can better stabilize the output of photovoltaic (PV) in the microgrid. The wavelet packet analysis method is used to decompose the output power of PV, and the power components of different frequency bands can be obtained. However, the traditional wavelet packet decomposition method has a fixed number of decomposition layers and cannot track changes in the output power of PV in real time. This paper proposes an improved wavelet packet decomposition method: considering the fluctuation of solar cell output power and the current working status of the HESS, the fuzzy control algorithm is used to adjust the number of wavelet packet layers in real-time to realize the adaptive process of power fluctuation in the stable process, and taking into account the state of charge of lithium-ion batteries and SCs, fuzzy control is used to allocate their secondary output power to improve the stability effect. Experiments show that compared with the traditional wavelet packet-based control method, the control method proposed in this paper improves the control effect by 4.5%.
Bacterial xylan utilization regulons: systems for coupling depolymerization of methylglucuronoxylans with assimilation and metabolism
Authors: Chow Virgina , Nong Guang , St John Franz J , Sawhney Neha , Rice John D , Preston James F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Bioconversion of lignocellulosic resources offers an economically promising path to renewable energy. Technological challenges to achieving bioconversion include the development of cost-effective processes that render the cellulose and hemicellulose components of these resources to fermentable hexoses and pentoses. Natural bioprocessing of the hemicellulose fraction of lignocellulosic biomass requires depolymerization of methylglucuronoxylans. This requires secretion of endoxylanases that release xylooligosaccharides and aldouronates. Physiological, biochemical, and genetic studies with selected bacteria support a process in which a cell-anchored multimodular GH10 endoxylanase catalyzes release of the hydrolysis products, aldotetrauronate, xylotriose, and xylobiose, which are directly assimilated and metabolized. Gene clusters encoding intracellular enzymes, including α-glucuronidase, endoxylanase, β-xylosidase, ABC transporter proteins, and transcriptional regulators, are coordinately responsive to substrate induction or repression. The rapid rates of glucuronoxylan utilization and microbial growth, along with the absence of detectable products of depolymerization in the medium, indicate that assimilation and depolymerization are coupled processes. Genomic comparisons provide evidence that such systems occur in xylanolytic species in several genera, including Clostridium, Geobacillus, Paenibacillus, and Thermotoga. These systems offer promise, either in their native configurations or through gene transfer to other organisms, to develop biocatalysts for efficient production of fuels and chemicals from the hemicellulose fractions of lignocellulosic resources.
Dressing the Part: Gender Differences in Residents’ Experiences of Feedback in Internal Medicine
Authors: Billick Maxime , Rassos James , Ginsburg Shiphra 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Multiple studies demonstrate that assessment of residents differs by gender, yet little is known about how these differences are experienced by women and men. The authors sought to understand whether the experience of being assessed and receiving feedback differs between men and women internal medicine (IM) residents and how women respond to these experiences.

Method
A constructivist grounded theory approach to data collection and interpretation was used. The authors invited all IM residents in postgraduate years 1–3 at the University of Toronto to participate in semistructured focus groups (August–October 2019). Twenty-two residents participated (8 men, 14 women). Focus groups were divided by gender and training level.

Results
The authors found a profound difference in experiences of receiving feedback between men and women residents. The themes of challenges to power and authority, tactics to reestablish power and authority, conflicting feedback from attendings, and ways of moving forward all diverged between men and women residents. Women repeatedly brought up feedback outside of official assessment moments and relied on symbols, such as a white coat, stethoscope, and demure clothing, to “dress the part” of a physician. Women also encountered conflicting feedback from supervisors regarding confidence and assertiveness (e.g., sometimes told to be more assertive, other times to be less), often resulting in self-censorship; similar feedback was rarely noted by men.

Conclusions
Gendered differences in the experiences of being assessed and receiving feedback are not always reflected in standard measures. Gender and medicine can be considered performative, and these findings demonstrate women IM residents integrate multiple forms of feedback to create the persona of the woman physician. The authors believe this research contributes a unique vantage point to the experience of women residents interpreting explicit and implicit feedback in IM and highlights the socialization that occurs to become a woman physician.
Revision Rhinoplasty after Open Rhinoplasty: Lessons from 252 Cases and Analysis of Risk Factors
Authors: Sibar Serhat , Findikcioglu Kemal , Pasinlioglu Burak 
Published: October 2021

Background:
In this study, patients who required aesthetic revision surgery after open rhinoplasty were retrospectively screened for risk factors.

Methods:
Two hundred fifty-two patients who underwent revision were included in the study. Nasal deformities before the revision were determined for each patient and evaluated in terms of their statistical relationship with preoperative nasal morphology and surgical techniques used.

Results:
The revision rate was found to be 10.8 percent. The three most common aesthetic reasons for revision were insufficient nasal tip rotation (37.7 percent), hanging columella (30.2 percent), and supratip deformity (28.6 percent). According to logistic regression analysis, the use of a strut increased the risk of inadequate nasal tip rotation by 5.3-fold compared to the tongue-in-groove technique, whereas inadequate nasal tip projection before surgery increased this risk by 2-fold. Being older than 40 years increased the risk of hanging columella by 6.8-fold, whereas the use of strut grafting instead of the tongue-in-groove technique increased this risk by 5.9-fold. The use of strut grafts instead of the tongue-in-groove technique increased the risk of supratip deformity by 2.2-fold.

Conclusions:
To ensure adequate nasal tip rotation after surgery in patients with advanced age and low nasal tip projection and rotation, it will be more appropriate to either use the tongue-in-groove technique or rotate the nasal tip more than normal. In patients with advanced age (>40 years) and low nasolabial angle before surgery, the use of tongue-in-groove technique instead of strut grafting may be advantageous for reducing the incidence of supratip and hanging columella.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
Medical Leadership: Experiences in the Use of Shared and Parental Leadership to Improve Academic Performance in the Management of a National Plastic Surgery Unit in China
Authors: Li Jie , Ng Sally Kiu-Huen , Xu Yuanjin , Li Qingfeng , Wang Li , Zhang Yixin 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Effective leadership is an integral component for optimal academic performance of surgical units. As one of the leading plastic surgery academic medical centers in China, the authors would like to share their experiences of using the combined parental and shared leadership approach in managing their surgical staff within the department. It has taken into account the essence of Eastern moral philosophies and Western leadership theories.

Methods:
The authors performed a review of the academic development of their staff and changes in the academic productivity of the department between 1999 and 2018. The difference between the first 10 years (1999 to 2008) and second 10 years (2009 to 2018) was analyzed to assess the effectiveness of the authors’ leadership approach.

Results:
There is an increase in the number of Science Citation Index articles published in the past decade with a higher impact factor and more articles published in international journals. The timing to promotion was on average 8.4 years. The average age of promotion to consultants has increased, likely because of a later start in the training. With similar average age, prior education, and gender ratio of surgeons in the unit, the department also received 14 times more in research funding and four times more in national key topic research topic.

Conclusions:
The effective application of this combined leadership approach has significantly improved the academic productivity and quality of the authors’ residents and surgeons and the academic advancement of the unit.
Long Pedicled Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Flap Based on a Medial Superficial Branch
Authors: Kwon Jin Geun , Pereira Nicolas , Tonaree Warangkana , Brown Erin , Hong Joon Pio , Suh Hyunsuk Peter 
Published: October 2021

Background:
A superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap has several advantages, such as reduced thickness, minimal donor-site morbidity, and inconspicuous scar. However, the application of a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap is restricted because of its limited pedicle length. The aim of this article was to outline the technical modifications of superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap elevation to obtain long pedicles.

Methods:
This is a prospective study of 31 consecutive patients who required a long pedicled superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap between September of 2016 and December of 2019 at the authors’ center. According to a preoperatively marked pathway of the superficial branch of the superficial circumflex iliac artery, the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap was designed. During the elevation, the design was modified according to the perforator location in the free-style technique. The characteristics of the patients and the flaps, including pedicle length, were recorded. The revision rate, complication rate, and need for a secondary procedure were analyzed.

Results:
The mean follow-up period was 563 days (range, 92 to 1383 days). The mean length of the pedicle obtained was 6.9 cm (range, 6 to 8 cm) from the point where the pedicle merges into the flap. Long pedicles were anastomosed to the main source vessel or branch without tension. No major complications were reported.

Conclusions:
Overcoming the short pedicle length of a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap by designing the flap laterally and performing an intraflap dissection is a reliable option when a longer pedicle is required, irrespective of the specific anatomy of the superficial circumflex iliac artery.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
MLF2 modulates phase separated nuclear envelope condensates that provoke dual proteotoxicity
Authors: Prophet Sarah M , Rampello Anthony J , Niescier Robert F , Shaw Juliana E , Koleske Anthony J , Schlieker Christian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDYT1 dystonia is a highly debilitating neurological movement disorder arising from mutation in the AAA+ ATPase TorsinA. The hallmark of Torsin dysfunction is nuclear envelope blebbing resulting from defects in nuclear pore complex biogenesis. Whether blebs actively contribute to disease manifestation is presently unknown. We report that FG-nucleoporins in the bleb lumen undergo phase separation and contribute to DYT1 dystonia by provoking two proteotoxic insults. Short-lived ubiquitinated proteins that are normally rapidly degraded in healthy cells partition into the bleb lumen and become stabilized. Additionally, blebs selectively sequester a chaperone network composed of HSP70s and HSP40s. The composition of this chaperone network is altered by the bleb component MLF2. We further demonstrate that MLF2 is a catalyst of phase separation that suppresses the ectopic accumulation of FG-nucleoporins and modulates the selective properties and size of condensates in vitro. Our studies identify unprecedented, dual mechanisms of proteotoxicity in the context of liquid-liquid phase separation with direct implications for our understanding of disease etiology and treatment.
When is (D,K) anS-accr pair?
Authors: Visweswaran Subramanian 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to determine necessary and sufficient conditions in order that (D,K) to be anS-accr pair, whereDis an integral domain andKis a field which containsDas a subring andSis a multiplicatively closed subset ofD.Design/methodology/approachThe methods used are from the topic multiplicative ideal theory from commutative ring theory.FindingsLetSbe a strongly multiplicatively closed subset of an integral domainDsuch that the ring of fractions ofDwith respect toSis not a field. Then it is shown that (D,K) is anS-accr pair if and only ifKis algebraic overDand the integral closure of the ring of fractions ofDwith respect toSinKis a one-dimensional Prüfer domain. LetD,S,Kbe as above. If each intermediate domain betweenDandKsatisfiesS-strong accr*, then it is shown thatKis algebraic overDand the integral closure of the ring of fractions ofDwith respect toSis a Dedekind domain; the separable degree ofKoverFis finite andKhas finite exponent overF, whereFis the quotient field ofD.Originality/valueMotivated by the work of some researchers onS-accr, the concept ofS-strong accr* is introduced and we determine some necessary conditions in order that (D,K) to be anS-strong accr* pair. This study helps us to understand the behaviour of the rings betweenDandK.
Once again about the Steinmetz transformer model and the ongoing subdivision of its leakage inductance
Authors: Zirka Sergey E. , Moroz Yuriy I. , Arturi Cesare Mario 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Despite its well-founded criticism and lack of proper justification under core saturation conditions, the T-equivalent transformer model (Steinmetz scheme) is obviously championing in the literature. This educational paper aims to explain in a simple manner the limitations of the T-model of a low-frequency transformer and critically analyses some attempts to improve it.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a simplified examination of magnetic fluxes in the core and windings and using the modeling in ATPDraw, it is shown that transient transformer models with the indivisible leakage inductance allow circumventing the drawbacks of the T-model.

Findings
The authors show the absence of valid grounds for subdividing the leakage inductance of a transformer between its primary and secondary windings. The connection between the use of individual leakage inductances and inaccurate prediction of inrush current peaks is outlined as an important example.

Practical implications
The presented models can be used either as independent tools or serve as a reference for subsequent developments.

Social implications
Over generations, the habitual transformer T-equivalent is widely used by engineers and Electromagnetic Transients Program experts with no attention to its inadequacy under core saturation conditions. Having studied typical winding configurations, the authors have shown that neither of them has any relation to the T-equivalent.

Originality/value
This educational paper will contribute to the correct understanding of the transients occurring in a transformer under abnormal conditions such as inrush current or ferroresonance events, as well as during an out-of-phase synchronization of step-up generator transformers.
A graph-based approach for representing, integrating and analysing neuroscience data: the case of the murine basal ganglia
Authors: Parnas Gulnes Maren , Soylu Ahmet , Roman Dumitru 
Published: October 2021

PurposeNeuroscience data are spread across a variety of sources, typically provisioned through ad-hoc and non-standard approaches and formats and often have no connection to the related data sources. These make it difficult for researchers to understand, integrate and reuse brain-related data. The aim of this study is to show that a graph-based approach offers an effective mean for representing, analysing and accessing brain-related data, which is highly interconnected, evolving over time and often needed in combination.Design/methodology/approachThe authors present an approach for organising brain-related data in a graph model. The approach is exemplified in the case of a unique data set of quantitative neuroanatomical data about the murine basal ganglia––a group of nuclei in the brain essential for processing information related to movement. Specifically, the murine basal ganglia data set is modelled as a graph, integrated with relevant data from third-party repositories, published through a Web-based user interface and API, analysed from exploratory and confirmatory perspectives using popular graph algorithms to extract new insights.FindingsThe evaluation of the graph model and the results of the graph data analysis and usability study of the user interface suggest that graph-based data management in the neuroscience domain is a promising approach, since it enables integration of various disparate data sources and improves understanding and usability of data.Originality/valueThe study provides a practical and generic approach for representing, integrating, analysing and provisioning brain-related data and a set of software tools to support the proposed approach.