bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between polygenic scores for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and school performance: The role of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, polygenic scores for educational attainment, and shared familial factors
Authors: Jangmo Andreas , Brikell Isabell , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Feldman Inna , Lundström Sebastian , Almqvist Catarina , Bulik Cynthia M. , Larsson Henrik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPolygenic scores (PGS) for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) negatively predicts educational attainment (EA), but it remains unclear how ADHD symptoms, PGS for EA, and shared familiar factors influence the associations between PGS for ADHD and school performance.MethodWe combined survey data on ADHD symptoms, PGS, and register‐based, objective measures of compulsory school performance at age 16 for 6049 twins in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. Linear and instrumental variable (IV) regression models were used to estimate the association between PGS for ADHD and grade point average (GPA), overall and by natural science, humanities, and practically oriented (e.g., sports, arts, music) subject categories. The models were adjusted for parent‐rated ADHD symptoms, PGS for EA, and shared familial factors (dizygotic twin comparisons) to examine how these factors influenced the associations between PGS for ADHD and school performance.ResultsPGS for ADHD were negatively associated with school performance; β = −0.12, 95% confidence interval = (−0.15, −0.09) for overall GPA with minor differences by subject category. Adjustment for ADHD symptoms attenuated these associations to a small degree compared to PGS for EA, and shared familial factors respectively. Stronger associations were observed using IV regressions compared to linear regression. However, in the IV regression analyses, most associations between PGS for ADHD and GPA in the practically oriented subject category were not significant.ConclusionAssociations between PGS for ADHD and school performance are to a small degree influenced by ADHD symptoms, compared to PGS for EA and shared familial factors. These results highlight important considerations for research using PGS for ADHD to control for genetic factors, and for future clinical applications aiming to determine genetic liability towards ADHD.
A guide to incubate eggs of Tropidurus lizards under laboratory conditions
Authors: Rossigalli‐Costa Nathalia , Cury de Barros Fábio , Cipriano Ana Paula , Prado Prandini Luísa , Medeiros de Andrade Thayná , Rothier Priscila S. , Lofeu Leandro , Brandt Renata , Kohlsdorf Tiana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStudies in Evo‐Devo benefit from the use of a variety of organisms, as comparative approaches provide a better understanding of Biodiversity and Evolution. Standardized protocols to incubate eggs and manipulate embryo development enable postulation of additional species as suitable biological systems for research in the field. In the past decades, vertebrate lineages such as Squamata (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) emerged as crucial study systems for addressing topics as diverse as phenotypic evolution and climate change. However, protocols for maintaining gravid females and incubating eggs in the lab under experimental conditions are available to only a few squamate species. This resource article presents a simple incubation guide that standardizes conditions to maintain embryos of Tropidurus catalanensis (Squamata: Tropiduridae) under different experimental conditions, manipulating relevant environmental factors like temperature and humidity. We identified associated effects relating the egg incubation condition to developmental stage, incubation time, hatching success, and resulting morphotypes. Temperature and humidity play a key role in development and require attention when establishing the experimental design. Current literature comprises information for Tropidurus lizards that ponders how general in Squamata are the ecomorphs originally described for Anolis. Studies evaluating phenotypic effects of developmental environments suggest plasticity in some of the traits that characterize the ecomorphological associations described for this family. We expect that this incubation guide encourages future studies using Tropidurus lizards to address Evo‐Devo questions.
The lipid environment modulates cardiolipin and phospholipid constitution in wild type and tafazzin‐deficient cells
Authors: Oemer Gregor , Koch Jakob , Wohlfarter Yvonne , Lackner Katharina , Gebert Rita E. M. , Geley Stephan , Zschocke Johannes , Keller Markus A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeficiency of the transacylase tafazzin due to loss of function variants in the X‐chromosomal TAFAZZIN gene causes Barth syndrome (BTHS) with severe neonatal or infantile cardiomyopathy, neutropenia, myopathy, and short stature. The condition is characterized by drastic changes in the composition of cardiolipins, a mitochondria‐specific class of phospholipids. Studies examining the impact of tafazzin deficiency on the metabolism of other phospholipids have so far generated inhomogeneous and partly conflicting results. Recent studies showed that the cardiolipin composition in cells and different murine tissues is highly dependent on the surrounding lipid environment. In order to study the relevance of different lipid states and tafazzin function for cardiolipin and phospholipid homeostasis we conducted systematic modulation experiments in a CRISPR/Cas9 knock‐out model for BTHS. We found that—irrespective of tafazzin function—the composition of cardiolipins strongly depends on the nutritionally available lipid pool. Tafazzin deficiency causes a consistent shift towards cardiolipin species with more saturated and shorter acyl chains. Interestingly, the typical biochemical BTHS phenotype in phospholipid profiles of HEK 293T TAZ knock‐out cells strongly depends on the cellular lipid context. In response to altered nutritional lipid compositions, we measured more pronounced changes on phospholipids that were largely masked under standard cell culturing conditions, therewith giving a possible explanation for the conflicting results reported so far on BTHS lipid phenotypes.
Differential role of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in the development of imiquimod-induced mouse psoriasis
Authors: Chen Shaokui , Lin Zibei , Xi Long , Zheng Ying , Zhou Qiong , Chen Xin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and anti-TNF therapeutics are used in the treatment of psoriasis in the clinic. However, considerable proportion of patients fail to respond to anti-TNF treatment. Furthermore, anti-TNF therapy induces de novo development of psoriasis in some patients with other type of autoimmune disorders. Therefore, further understanding of the role of TNF-TNFR signaling in pathogenesis of psoriasis remains a critical to devise safer and more effective treatment. In this study, it is shown that in imiquimod-induced mouse psoriasis model, TNF receptor type 1 (TNFR1) deficiency inhibited the development of skin diseases. In sharp contrast, TNF receptor type 2 (TNFR2) deficiency led to more severe psoriasis that was associated with increased Th1 and Th17 responses and reduced number of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Importantly, adoptive transfer of WT Tregs was able to attenuate inflammatory responses in imiquimod-treated TNFR2-/- mice, suggestive of a role of malfunctioned Tregs in mice deficient in TNFR2. RNA sequencing data revealed that Tregs deficient in TNFR2 exhibited down-regulation of different biological processes linked to proliferative expansion. Taken together, our study clearly indicated that TNFR1 was pathogenic in mouse psoriasis. In contrast, through boosting the proliferative expansion of Tregs, TNFR2 was protective in this model. The data thus suggest that TNFR1-specific antagonist or TNFR2-specific agonist may be useful in the treatment of patients with psoriasis.
Understanding radiographic decision‐making when imaging obese patients: A Think‐Aloud study
Authors: Seo Grace , Robinson John , Punch Amanda , Jimenez Yobelli , Lewis Sarah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of obesity has been steadily rising over the last few decades and is having a significant impact upon the health system. In radiography, a particular challenge of imaging obese patients is implementing the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle when determining radiation dose, and technical and patient‐care adaptations. This study aimed to better understand the decision‐making strategies of experienced radiographers in determining imaging and exposure factor selection in the context of imaging obese patients.MethodsThis study employed a ‘think‐aloud,’ methodology, and eight experienced diagnostic radiographers working in clinical education were recruited to perform routine AP abdominal X‐ray projections on an anthropomorphic phantom. They were asked to simultaneously verbalise emerging thoughts as they considered positioning, exposure selection and image evaluation. This process was repeated with three different phantom sizes, each representing an increased BMI from ‘healthy,’ to, ‘morbidly obese.’ Audio recordings were transcribed and interpreted via Bowman’s (1997) theory of radiographic judgement and decision‐making.ResultsAnalysis of interview transcripts identified 12 key concepts considered by experienced radiographers. Differences in radiographic concepts were considered when imaging phantoms of different sizes was demonstrated. A shift from segmental (e.g. positioning) to more environmental factors (e.g. patient comfort) and an increase in the number of verbal considerations with increasing phantom size were identified. The shift in focus of decision‐making stages identified the greater need to consider contextual factors such as patient comfort and repeatability when imaging obese patients.ConclusionExperienced radiographers find imaging obese patients challenging and alter their perception of image quality to accommodate for patient presentation. The findings will help inform future research, practice guidelines and learning resources to provide optimal imaging and care for obese patients, especially for student education.
A tephra‐based correlation of marine and terrestrial records of MIS 11c from Britain and the North Atlantic
Authors: Candy Ian , Tye Gareth , Coxon Peter , Hardiman Mark , Matthews Ian , Palmer Adrian 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTResolving marine and terrestrial records of glacial and interglacial stages has long been a challenge for Quaternary studies. We present a tephra‐based correlation for MIS 11c of a North Atlantic marine core and a British terrestrial record (Marks Tey). A varved chronology is presented for the annually laminated lake sequence at Marks Tey and the proxy data from this site are plotted on an annual timescale for the first time. This record shows clear evidence for an abrupt cold event and corresponding ecological and landscape response. Varve counting shows that the abrupt event lasted for ca 185 a but the impact on the landscape persisted for ca 560 a. The co‐occurrence of a single tephra layer in Marks Tey and ODP 980 allows these two records to be correlated. Furthermore, this synchronisation shows that the abrupt cold event in Marks Tey was coincident with a centennial‐scale cold event in ODP 980, as evidenced by an increase in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (s) percentage. In both ODP 980 and Marks Tey the age of this abrupt event was ca 414 500 a indicating that, at this point in MIS 11c, a widespread cold event occurred in the northeastern Atlantic and the British Isles.
Developing sustainable measures to restore fly‐ash contaminated lands: Current challenges and future prospects
Authors: Upadhyay Sudhir K. , Edrisi Sheikh Adil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLand degradation is one of the major global environmental issues that need serious attention. The land itself is a complex system regulating myriads of processes. Any perturbation in these processes would undoubtedly lead to the stimulation of land degradation. Among these, fly‐ash (FA) dumping is one of the usual practices, which has been adopted to overcome land‐use disruption and other health hazards. However, this practice has become a driving factor for FA‐induced land degradation. Therefore, in purview to tackle this issue, the present article aimed to identify and suggest sustainable practices to restore and manage FA‐contaminated sites. As a preliminarily it deals with the systematic exploration and identification of FA‐based and associated contaminated lands via geospatial technology with a brief focus on assessing its different contaminant profiles in the FA and soil systems. Further, this moreover, the article emphasizes the need to identify identifying the potential local plant species in the FA‐contaminated regions that can meet the local people's demands. Following this we suggest appropriate sustainable approaches to expedite the restoration of FA‐contaminated lands and highlight the critical bottlenecks during ground implementation. Our article aimed to unravel ways to address the aforementioned bottlenecks to develop an efficient restoration enterprise during the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021–2030).
Impact of Fresh Table Grape Intake on Circulating microRNAs Levels in Healthy Subjects: A Significant Modulation of Gastrointestinal Cancer‐Related Pathways
Authors: Tutino Valeria , De Nunzio Valentina , Milella Rosa Anna , Gasparro Marica , Cisternino Anna Maria , Gigante Isabella , Lanzilotta Elsa , Iacovazzi Palma Aurelia , Lippolis Antonio , Lippolis Tamara , Caruso Maria Gabriella , Notarnicola Maria 
Published: September 2021

ScopeThe study aims to investigate the effects of fresh table grape consumption in healthy subjects on circulating levels of the most common human microRNAs (miRNAs). The regulatory network governed by these modulated miRNAs is also investigated.Methods and ResultsAutumn Royal table grape, used in this study, is chosen for its high polyphenolic content and antioxidant properties. The study is a randomized controlled trial, in which 40 consecutive subjects are recruited on a voluntary basis and randomly assigned to two groups of the study, the control group, receiving only dietary recommendations and a grape group receiving a daily dose of 5 g of fresh table grape per kg of body weight for 21 days. All analyses are performed at baseline and after 21 days of dietary treatment. Circulating miRNAs levels are detected by Real‐Time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) followed by bioinformatic functional analysis. The study identifies 20 circulating miRNAs differentially expressed in healthy subjects after grape intake, and in particular, 18 of 20 are down‐regulated and 2 are up‐regulated.ConclusionThe dietary intake of table grape affects circulating miRNAs levels in healthy subjects, particularly the miRNAs related to pathways involved in counteracting cancer development, including gastrointestinal cancers.
Deformable registration of lateral cephalogram and cone‐beam computed tomography image
Authors: Zhang Yungeng , Qin Haifang , Li Peixin , Pei Yuru , Guo Yuke , Xu Tianmin , Zha Hongbin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurpose: This study aimed to design and evaluate a novel method for the registration of 2D lateral cephalograms and 3D craniofacial cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, providing patient‐specific 3D structures from a 2D lateral cephalogram without additional radiation exposure.Methods: We developed a cross‐modal deformable registration model based on a deep convolutional neural network. Our approach took advantage of a low‐dimensional deformation field encoding and an iterative feedback scheme to infer coarse‐to‐fine volumetric deformations. In particular, we constructed a statistical subspace of deformation fields and parameterized the nonlinear mapping function from an image pair, consisting of the target 2D lateral cephalogram and the reference volumetric CBCT, to a latent encoding of the deformation field. Instead of the one‐shot registration by the learned mapping function, a feedback scheme was introduced to progressively update the reference volumetric image and to infer coarse‐to‐fine deformations fields, accounting for the shape variations of anatomical structures. A total of 220 clinically obtained CBCTs were used to train and validate the proposed model, among which 120 CBCTs were used to generate a training dataset with 24k paired synthetic lateral cephalograms and CBCTs. The proposed approach was evaluated on the deformable 2D–3D registration of clinically obtained lateral cephalograms and CBCTs from growing and adult orthodontic patients.Results: Strong structural consistencies were observed between the deformed CBCT and the target lateral cephalogram in all criteria. The proposed method achieved state‐of‐the‐art performances with the mean contour deviation of 0.410.12 mm on the anterior cranial base, 0.480.17 mm on the mandible, and 0.350.08 mm on the maxilla, respectively. The mean surface mesh ranged from 0.78 to 0.97 mm on various craniofacial structures, and the LREs ranged from 0.83 to 1.24 mm on the growing datasets regarding 14 landmarks. The proposed iterative feedback scheme handled the structural details and improved the registration. The resultant deformed volumetric image was consistent with the target lateral cephalogram in both 2D projective planes and 3D volumetric space regarding the multicategory craniofacial structures.Conclusions: The results suggest that the deep learning‐based 2D–3D registration model enables the deformable alignment of 2D lateral cephalograms and CBCTs and estimates patient‐specific 3D craniofacial structures.
Outcome of patients with relapsed or progressive Ewing sarcoma enrolled on cooperative group phase 2 clinical trials: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Collier Anderson B. , Krailo Mark D. , Dang Ha M. , DuBois Steven G. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Bernstein Mark L. , Bomgaars Lisa R. , Reed Damon R. , Gorlick Richard G. , Janeway Katherine A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSevenChildren's Oncology Group phase 2 trials for patients with relapsed/progressive solid tumors were analyzed to estimate the event‐free survival (EFS) for relapsed/progressive Ewing sarcoma. One hundred twenty‐eight Ewing sarcoma patients were enrolled and 124 events occurred. The 6‐month EFS was 12.7%, demonstrating the poor outcome of these patients. Only docetaxel achieved its protocol‐specified radiographic response rate for activity; however, the EFS for docetaxel was similar to other agents, indicating that a higher radiographic response rate may not translate into superior disease control. This EFS benchmark could be utilized as an additional endpoint in trials for recurrent Ewing sarcoma.
Characterization of antiplatelet response to low‐dose cangrelor utilizing platelet function testing in neuroendovascular patients
Authors: Holden Devin N. , Entezami Pouya , Bush Maximilian C. , Field Nicholas C. , Paul Alexandra R. , Boulos Alan S. , Yamamoto Junichi , Dalfino John C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe optimal antiplatelet therapy for emergent neuroendovascular stenting is uncertain. Cangrelor is an intravenous P2Y12 inhibitor that is an attractive option due its favorable pharmacokinetic profile and ease of measurability but optimal dosing remains unclear. The primary objective of this study is to characterize the dose response of low dose cangrelor (<2 mcg/kg/min) with the utilization of platelet function testing (PFT).DesignA retrospective review of all patients treated with cangrelor for either procedural stenting or bridging was conducted between January 1st, 2019 and October 31st, 2020. Seventy‐two patients met inclusion criteria. An in‐depth analysis of dose response to low dose cangrelor based on PFT was performed.PatientsNeuroendovascular patients treated with cangrelor.SettingAlbany Medical Center Hospital.Intervention and Main ResultsPatients who underwent procedural stenting were given a bolus of 5 mcg/kg and an initial infusion rate of either 0.75 mcg/kg/min or 1 mcg/kg/min. Patients who were bridged with cangrelor were administered an initial infusion rate of 0.75 mcg/kg/min or 1 mcg/kg/min. Twelve patient’s doses were titrated to achieve a platelet reactivity unit (PRU) between 50–150; three patient’s doses were titrated multiple times. Based on initial PFT results, utilizing the 1 mcg/kg/min maintenance dose resulted in more patients being in the acceptable (10–180) and desired (50–150) PRU range than the 0.75 mcg/kg/min dose (47% vs 56% and 70% vs 80%, respectively). Final recorded PRU results showed that 64% of patients had PRUs in the optimal range (50–150) and 88% of patients had PRUs in the desire range (10–180).ConclusionsUtilizing low doses of cangrelor with platelet function testing is an option during emergent neuroendovascular stenting and bridging. Cangrelor demonstrates significant variability in response at low doses and exhibits a dose response relationship when PFT is utilized.
Registration of ‘KS4719’ winter canola
Authors: Stamm Michael , Aiken Robert , Angadi Sangu , Damicone John , Dooley Scott , Holman Johnathon , Johnson Jerry , Kimura Emi , Larson Kevin , Lofton Josh , Santra Dipak 
Published: September 2021

Abstract‘KS4719’ (Reg. no. CV‐28, PI 697260) is a winter canola cultivar (Brassica napus L.) that possesses superior winterhardiness, greater lodging resistance, and improved pod shattering. KS4719 first drew attention when a devastating cold snap in November 2014 caused much of the winter canola crop to winter kill. KS4719 winter survival scores were 15 and 121% greater than the check cultivars ‘Sumner’ and ‘Wichita’, respectively, at Kansas State University's lone surviving trial site in northern Oklahoma. In the National Winter Canola Variety Trial (NWCVT) testing, the winter survival score of KS4719 was equivalent to ‘Torrington’, the most winter hardy commercially available cultivar. Across two sites of the 2015–2016 Great Plains Canola Variety Trial (GPCVT), KS4719 showed significantly improved pod shatter compared with the check cultivars. Across 14 NWCVT sites in the U.S. Great Plains, grain yield did not differ from the check cultivars; however, KS4719 did yield 5 and 19% more than ‘Surefire’ and Torrington, respectively, the two most recent cultivar releases from the Kansas State University canola breeding program. Over five site‐years, KS4719 averaged 9% lodging, while Torrington averaged 19%. It is theorized that the improved lodging resistance of KS4719 comes from a stem and root system that is less prone to rotting in saturated soils. Greater winterhardiness is in part due to protection of the lower stem (rosette) throughout the winter months.