bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual analysis of global research trends in social bots based on bibliometrics
Authors: Chen Xiujuan , Gao Shanbing , Zhang Xue 
Published: December 2021

PurposeIn order to further advance the research of social bots, based on the latest research trends and in line with international research frontiers, it is necessary to understand the global research situation in social bots.Design/methodology/approachChoosing Web of Science™ Core Collections as the data sources for searching social bots research literature, this paper visually analyzes the processed items and explores the overall research progress and trends of social bots from multiple perspectives of the characteristics of publication output, major academic communities and active research topics of social bots by the method of bibliometrics.FindingsThe findings offer insights into research trends pertaining to social bots and some of the gaps are also identified. It is recommended to further expand the research objects of social bots in the future, not only focus on Twitter platform and strengthen the research of social bot real-time detection methods and the discussion of the legal and ethical issues of social bots.Originality/valueMost of the existing reviews are all for the detection methods and techniques of social bots. Unlike the above reviews, this study is a systematic literature review, through the method of quantitative analysis, comprehensively sort out the research output in social bots and shows the latest research trends in this area and suggests some research indirections that need to be focused in the future. The findings will provide references for subsequent scholars to research on social bots.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-06-2021-0336.
Tropicalization unlocks novel trophic pathways and enhances secondary productivity in temperate reefs
Authors: Pessarrodona Albert , Vergés Adriana , Bosch Néstor E. , Bell Sahira , Smith Shannen , Sgarlatta María P. , Wernberg Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

The structure of ecological communities is rapidly changing across the globe due to climate‐mediated shifts in species distributions, with novel ecosystem states emerging as new species become dominant. While it is clear that such changes restructure habitat properties and their associated assemblages, how new nutritional resources and consumers may affect the ecosystem trophic structure and energetic dynamics remains poorly resolved.

Here, we investigate how the reconfiguration of tropicalized reefs—that is, temperate ecosystems receiving an influx of tropical species—affects the availability of nutritional resources and energy flow through herbivore‐based trophic pathways. To do so, we quantified changes in algal and detrital resources along a tropicalization gradient in eastern Australia. We also estimated energy flow towards herbivorous fishes by quantifying their standing biomass (kg/ha), productivity (kg ha−1 day−1), and biomass turnover (% day−1), using an individual‐level modelling approach that combines estimates of fish growth rates and mortality.

Along the gradient, tropicalized reefs had relatively higher amounts of palatable algal turfs and detrital particulates compared to non‐tropicalized sites. Feeding intensity by herbivorous fishes was also c. 400 times higher on tropicalized reefs, with tropical turf‐cropping surgeon fishes being responsible for >98% of the feeding rates.

Turf‐driven trophic pathways underpinned virtual all (>99%) of the biomass produced by tropical fishes, which contributed up to 63% of the total herbivorous fish standing biomass and 86% of the productivity despite only representing 35% of the abundance. Turfs also fuelled most of the secondary productivity of tropical fishes on tropicalized reefs across Australia's western tropical–temperate transition zone, although their overall productivity was ~5 times lower. This is possibly due to turfs there containing elevated sediment loads, which dilute the nutritional quality of turf‐based resources, as well as other differences in the biogeographical context.

We propose that algal turfs are central drivers of ecosystem energetic shifts on temperate reefs as they become tropicalized because they support novel algal and detrital trophic pathways that enhance secondary productivity and biomass turnover. Our results also suggest that turf characteristics such as organic content or sediment load may emerge as increasingly important drivers of energy flow in temperate locations where turfs dominate benthic cover.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
(Re)Thinking think tanks in the age of policy labs: The rise of knowledge‐based policy influence organisations
Authors: Wellstead Adam M. , Howlett Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe idea of ‘think tanks’ is one of the oldest in the policy sciences. Although the topic has been studied for decades, recent works dealing with advocacy groups, policy and behavioural insight labs and into the activities of think tanks themselves have led to discontent with the definitions used in the field, and especially with the way the term may obfuscate rather than clarify important distinctions between the different kinds of knowledge‐based policy influence organisations (KBPIO) operating in the contemporary policy landscape. In this paper, we examine the traditional and current definitions of think tanks utilised in the discipline and point out their weaknesses. We then develop a new framework to better capture the variation in the kinds of knowledge‐based organisations which operate in many sectors.
Is lower severity alcohol use disorder qualitatively different than more severe manifestations? An evaluation of multivariate symptom clusters
Authors: Bailey Allen J. , Ingram Polly F. , Howe Lindy K. , Finn Peter R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsAlcohol use disorder (AUD), since the release of DSM‐V, is conceptualized and studied as a unidimensional construct. However, previous research has identified clusters of AUD symptoms related to excessive consumption/tolerance, loss of control/social dysfunction and withdrawal/craving that have shown differential genetic risks, personality associations and predictive ability. Although past ‘variable‐centered’ (e.g. factor‐analytic) studies have demonstrated the importance of these clusters, the current study aimed to examine how these clusters commonly manifest using a ‘person‐centered’ approach (e.g. latent class).DesignCross‐sectional in‐person assessment.SettingIndiana, USA.ParticipantsA convenience sample of 1390 young adults (mean age = 21.43, SD = 2.47) recruited for an over‐representation of alcohol problems (65% with AUD).MeasurementsLatent class analysis (LCA) was conducted on 23 criteria from the Semi‐Structured Interview on the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA) that align with DSM‐V AUD symptoms. Identified latent classes were characterized using multinomial regressions to examine the association of class and measures of alcohol use, other externalizing psychopathology, internalizing problems and personality.FindingsLCA results identified a ‘Low Problems’ class (34% of sample), a ‘Heavy Consumption’ class (26%) characterized by high endorsement probabilities of essentially only consumption/tolerance symptoms, a ‘Consumption and Loss of Control’ class (31%) characterized by endorsing consumption/tolerance and loss of control/social dysfunction symptoms, and finally a ‘Consumption, Loss of Control and Withdrawal’ class (9%) characterized by high endorsement probabilities of all symptom clusters. Multinomial regression results indicated an increasing spectrum of severity in terms of psychological impairment.ConclusionsAUD appears to manifest as different clusters of symptoms at different severity levels.
Requirments for primary human hepatocyte
Authors: Peng Zhaoliang , Wu Jiaying , Hu Shijun , Ma Aijin , Wang Lei , Cao Nan , Zhang Yu , Li Qiyuan , Yu Junying , Meng Shufang , Na Tao , Shi Xiaolei , Li Mei , Liu Huadong , Qian Linguang , Tian E , Lin Feng , Cao Jiani , Peng Yaojin , Zhu Huanxin , Liang Lingmin , Hao Jie , Zhao Tongbiao , Cheng Xin , Pan Guoyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract‘Requirements for Primary Human Hepatocyte’ is the first set of guidelines on Primary Human Hepatocyte in China, jointly drafted and agreed upon by experts from the Chinese Society for Stem Cell Research. This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, test regulations, instructions for use, labelling requirements, packaging requirements, storage requirements and transportation requirements for Primary Human Hepatocyte, which is applicable to the quality control for Primary Human Hepatocyte. It was originally released by the China Society for Cell Biology on 9 January 2021. We hope that publication of these guidelines will promote institutional establishment, acceptance and execution of proper protocols and accelerate the international standardization of Primary Human Hepatocyte for applications.
Association between cardiovascular risk factors and intracranial hemorrhage in patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Cornelissen Loes L. , Kreuger Aukje L. , Caram‐Deelder Camila , Huisman Menno V. , Middelburg Rutger A. , Kerkhoffs Jean Louis H. , von dem Borne Peter A. , Beckers Erik A. M. , de Vooght Karen M. K. , Kuball Jürgen , van der Bom Johanna G. , Zwaginga Jaap Jan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntracranial hemorrhage is seen more frequently in acute leukemia patients compared to the general population. Besides leukemia‐related risk factors, also risk factors that are present in the general population might contribute to hemorrhagic complications in leukemia patients. Of those, cardiovascular risk factors leading to chronic vascular damage could modulate the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage in these patients, as during their disease and treatment acute endothelial damage occurs due to factors like thrombocytopenia and inflammation.ObjectivesOur aim was to explore if cardiovascular risk factors can predict intracranial hemorrhage in acute leukemia patients.MethodsIn a case‐control study nested in a cohort of acute leukemia patients, including 17 cases with intracranial hemorrhage and 55 matched control patients without intracranial hemorrhage, data on cardiovascular risk factors were collected for all patients. Analyses were performed via conditional logistic regression.ResultsPre‐existing hypertension and ischemic heart disease in the medical history were associated with intracranial hemorrhage, with an incidence rate ratio of 12.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5 to 109.2) and 12.1 (95% CI 1.3 to110.7), respectively.ConclusionBoth pre‐existing hypertension and ischemic heart disease seem to be strong predictors of an increased risk for intracranial hemorrhage in leukemia patients.
Origin of langerin (CD207)‐expressing antigen presenting cells in the normal oral mucosa and in oral lichen planus lesions
Authors: Solhaug Maren B. , Schreurs Olav , Schenck Karl , Blix Inger Johanne , Baekkevold Espen S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe number of langerin‐expressing antigen‐presenting cells is higher in oral lichen planus than in normal oral mucosa. However, langerin may be expressed by several functionally different lineages of antigen presenting cells (APCs), and this has important implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. The aim of this study was to determine the origin of the langerin‐expressing APCs. To this end, we examined oral mucosal biopsies from healthy persons and patients with oral lichen planus using multicolor immunofluorescence. In normal oral mucosa, a substantial fraction of Langerhans cells expressed Ki‐67, indicating that steady‐state oral mucosal Langerhans cells are at least partially maintained by self‐renewal. In oral lichen planus, the numbers of Langerhans cells were higher but proliferation was not altered, indicating that the higher cell numbers appeared to depend on recruited dendritic cell (DC)‐precursors. Moreover, we found a markedly higher number of langerin+ APCs within the lamina propria of oral lichen planus lesions. Such cells did not display monocyte‐ or macrophage markers, but rather showed a phenotype compatible with tissue‐elicited IRF4+ cDC2. Detailed understanding of how the oral mucosal APC network is regulated and the functional capacities of the different ontogenies may identify novel treatment targets for oral lichen planus.
Antimicrobial agents in dental restorative materials: Effect on polymerization, short‐term drug release and biological impact
Authors: Feddersen Silas , Kern Gabriela , Berghaus Eva , Kommerein Nadine , Winkel Andreas , Eisenburger Michael , Petersen Svea 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith the aim to design bioactive dental restorative material, the present study investigated the influence of the antimicrobial agents chlorhexidine diacetate (CHX) and octinidine (di)hydrochloride (ODH) when incorporated in two different materials. Selected parameters were polymerization enthalpy, short‐term drug release, and the effect on Streptococcus mutans as well as human gingival fibroblasts. Samples were made by mixing a nano‐hybrid ormocer (O) and a methacrylate‐based nano‐hybrid composite (C), each with a mass fraction of 2% CHX or ODH. Release profiles and concentrations of active agents from the resins were assessed, and the cell proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts as well as Streptococcus mutans cultured with the eluates were evaluated. The influence on polymerization was assessed by means of differential scanning calorimetry. Both drugs, especially ODH, showed a decreasing effect on polymerization enthalpies associated with a lowered crosslinking degree. At the same time ODH appeared to be released more persistently than CHX. Moreover, ODH was more efficient with regard to bacteria growth inhibition but also more cytotoxic in terms of reduction of cell viability. ODH is deemed more appropriate for application in a dental resin‐based drug delivery system, because of the more persistent drug release than seen for CHX.
Exploring the potential of small water bodies as an integrative management tool for fisheries production
Authors: Aura Christopher Mulanda , Mwarabu Ruth Lewo , Nyamweya Chrisphine S. , Owiti Horace , Ongore Collins Onyango , Guya Fredrick , Musa Safina , Owili Monica , Macaria Sammy , Abila Richard Oginga , Marriott Andrew Lewis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the potential of small water bodies (SWBs) will open greater opportunities in investment towards increased food and energy production. This study established the carrying capacity for fisheries development in SWBs in eight counties in Central and seven counties in Western Kenya. The carrying capacity of SWBs was calculated using socio‐economic index (SI), trophic status index (TSI), and summaries of socio‐economic and limnological data from 74 SWBs. The central region had a potential of 72,447 t in 37 sampled SWBs, whereas that of the western region had only 447 t in a similar number of sampled sites that forms part of the total national aquaculture potential. The higher potential in the central region is attributed to the relatively larger hydroelectric dams located in the area. To boost production in SWBs with low carrying capacities, restocking with native endemic fish species, which require limited or no supplementary feeding, is recommended. However, in SWBs, where depths reach 3.0 m or more, which optimises on intensive feeding and good water circulation, cage culture reared fish coupled with a strong local community association would be recommended. The indexing holistic approach herein forms an integrative management tool for fisheries production.
Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cryptococcosis and rare yeast infections in the haematology/oncology setting, 2021
Authors: Chang Christina C. , Hall Victoria , Cooper Celia , Grigoriadis George , Beardsley Justin , Sorrell Tania C. , Heath Christopher H. ,   and the Australasian Antifungal Guidelines Steering Committee
Published: December 2021

AbstractCryptococcosis caused by the Cryptococcus neoformans–Cryptococcus gattii complex is an important opportunistic infection in people with immunodeficiency, including in the haematology/oncology setting. This may manifest clinically as cryptococcal meningitis or pulmonary cryptococcosis, or be detected incidentally by cryptococcal antigenemia, a positive sputum culture or radiological imaging. Non‐Candida, non‐Cryptococcus spp. rare yeast fungaemia are increasingly common in this population. These consensus guidelines aim to provide clinicians working in the Australian and New Zealand haematology/oncology setting with clear guiding principles and practical recommendations for the management of cryptococcosis, while also highlighting important and emerging rare yeast infections and their recommended management.
Timely goals of care documentation in patients with frailty in the COVID‐19 era: a retrospective multi‐site study
Authors: Subramaniam Ashwin , Pilcher David , Tiruvoipati Ravindranath , Wilson John , Mitchell Hayden , Xu Dan , Bailey Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundOlder frail patients are more likely to have timely goals of care (GOC) documentation than non‐frail patients.AimsTo investigate whether timely documentation of GOC within 72 h differed in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020), compared with the pre‐COVID‐19 era (2019) for older frail patients.MethodsMulti‐site retrospective cohort study was conducted in two public hospitals where all consecutive frail adult patients aged ≥65 years were admitted under medical units for at least 24 h between 1 March 31 and October in 2019 and between 1 March and 31 October 2020 were included. The GOC was derived from electronic records. Frailty status was derived from hospital coding data using hospital frailty risk score (frail ≥5). The primary outcome was the documentation of GOC within 72 h of hospital admission. Secondary outcomes included hospital mortality, rapid response call, intensive care unit admission, prolonged hospital length of stay (≥10 days) and time to the documentation of GOC.ResultsThe study population comprised 2021 frail patients admitted in 2019 and 1849 admitted in 2020, aged 81.2 and 90.9 years respectively. The proportion of patients with timely GOC was lower in 2020, than 2019 (48.3% (893/1849) vs 54.9% (1109/2021); P = 0.021). After adjusting for confounding factors, patients in 2020 were less likely to receive timely GOC (odds ratio = 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68–0.88). Overall time to GOC documentation was longer in 2020 (hazard ratio = 0.86; 95% CI 0.80–0.93).ConclusionTimely GOC documentation occurred less frequently in frail patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic than in the pre‐COVID‐19 era.
Epigenetics and CD8+ T cell memory*
Authors: Montacchiesi Gaia , Pace Luigia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFollowing antigen recognition, CD8+ T lymphocytes can follow different patterns of differentiation, with the generation of different subsets characterized by distinct phenotypes, functions, and migration properties. The changes of transcription factors activity and chromatin structure dynamics drive the functional differentiation and phenotypic heterogeneity of these T cell subsets, which include short‐lived effectors, long‐term survival of memory, and also dysfunctional exhausted T cells. Recent progress in the field has shed light on the key contribution of chromatin organization to control the T cell fate specification. In fact, the understanding of these processes has important implications for the development of new immunotherapy protocols and to design new vaccination strategies. Here, we review the current understanding of the contribution of chromatin architecture and transcription factor activity orchestrating the gene expression programs guiding the CD8+ T cell subset commitment. We will focus on epigenetic changes, acting sequentially or in combination, which control the transcriptional programs governing T cell plasticity, stability, and memory. New molecular insights into the mechanisms of maintenance of cellular memory and identity, favoring or impeding the reprogramming, will be discussed in the context of T cell memory differentiation in infection and cancer.
Aerosol generated by dental procedures: A scoping review
Authors: Nóbrega Marina Tavares Costa , Bastos Renata Travassos da Rosa Moreira , Mecenas Paulo , de Toledo Isabela Porto , Richardson‐Lozano Ronna , Altabtbaei Khaled , Flores‐Mir Carlos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground: The current pandemic has raised awareness of aerosol dispersion in dental offices. This scoping review was conducted to assess the amount and spread of aerosol generated by dental procedures.Methods: This scoping review followed the PRISMA‐ScR protocol and was conducted by searching multiple databases adopting a core search structure for each database. Detailed eligibility criteria were applied. The authors placed no restrictions on study design, year of publication, and study location. The literature search was updated on September 15, 2021.Results: A total of 51 papers were included in this scoping review. The risk of bias assessment was not conducted as per guidelines. The majority of studies found microorganisms, bloodstains, splatters of aerosol, and particles in the air part of the search strategy. Publication dates ranged from 1969 to 2021. Data came from different dental settings locations. Several factors were identified that have an effect on the amount and spread of the aerosol and spatter.Conclusion: Although it is clear that the microbial contamination occurred mainly during aerosol‐generating dental procedures, our understanding of the contamination level, spread, and half‐life are limited.
Early soft tissue changes following implant placement with or without soft tissue augmentation using a xenogeneic cross‐link collagen scaffold: A volumetric comparative study
Authors: Tavelli Lorenzo , Barootchi Shayan , Vera Rodriguez Maria , Mancini Leonardo , Meneghetti Priscila Ceolin , Mendonça Gustavo , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveSoft tissue augmentation (STA) at implant sites has the potential of improving peri‐implant health, esthetics, and marginal bone level stability. The present study aimed at evaluating the volumetric changes occurring following implant placement in sites that received STA compared to non‐augmented sites.MethodsA total of 26 subjects received a dental implant in a posterior edentulous site. Simultaneous STA with a xenogeneic cross‐linked collagen scaffold was performed for the first 13 patients, while the remaining subjects served as the negative control. An intraoral optical scanner was used at baseline and at 12 weeks to generate digital models.ResultsThe mean volume (Vol) gain of the test group was 38.43 mm3, while a mean Vol of −16.82 mm3 was observed for the control group (p < 0.05). The mean thickness of the reconstructed volume (ΔD) was 0.61 and −0.24 mm, for the test and control group, respectively (p < 0.05). Higher linear dimensional changes were observed for the test group (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in terms of keratinized mucosa width and pocket depth changes between the two groups.ConclusionsSimultaneous STA with xenogeneic collagen scaffold obtained statistically significant higher volumetric outcomes compared to the non‐augmented group.Clinical SignificanceSTA at the time of implant placement using a xenogeneic cross‐linked collagen scaffold can prevent remodeling of the ridge during the first 12 weeks, as compared to non‐grafted implant sites.