bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐scale implementation of insomnia treatment in routine psychiatric care: patient characteristics and insomnia‐depression comorbidity
Authors: Kraepelien Martin , Forsell Erik , Blom Kerstin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTreating comorbid insomnia is important for recovery from, and prevention of, depression. The objective of this study was to compare comorbidity and patient characteristics among patients having treatment for depression before and after implementation of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) in a routine care internet treatment clinic. We hypothesized that insomnia comorbidity would be lower among patients having treatment for depression after the treatment for insomnia became available, and that depression levels would be high among patients in the insomnia treatment group compared to previous studies of insomnia. Patients were assessed face‐to‐face by physicians and guided through internet‐delivered treatment by psychologists in a psychiatric setting. We retrieved patient data from 3 years before and 3 years after the CBT‐I implementation. Measures were the Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale‐Self rated (MADRS‐S) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Pretreatment symptom levels were high in both the depression (MADRS‐S = 23, n = 1467) and insomnia treatment (ISI = 20, n = 552) groups, indicating a true psychiatric sample. Contrary to the hypothesis, there were no significant changes in the group having treatment for depression regarding insomnia severity or comorbid insomnia diagnosis (from 66% to 68%) after CBT‐I implementation. Also contrary to the hypothesis, comorbid depression levels among insomnia patients having CBT‐I were similar to or slightly higher than in previous studies. It is likely that more patients with this comorbidity, who currently receive treatment for depression, would benefit from CBT‐I. We suggest an emphasis on information on the benefits of CBT‐I among patients and clinical staff involved in the implementation of treatments for insomnia in psychiatry, and further research into possible differences between patients actively seeking treatment for insomnia or depression.
Glycopatterns of the foregut in the striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba, Meyen 1833 from the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Carlucci Roberto , Cipriano Giulia , Fanizza Carmelo , Gerussi Tommaso , Maglietta Rosalia , Petrella Antonio , Pietroluongo Guido , Ricci Pasquale , Semeraro Daniela , Guglielmi Marco Vito , Scillitani Giovanni , Mentino Donatella 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe glycopatterns of the glycans secreted by the mucosa of stomach and duodenal ampulla of the striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba were studied by histochemical (Periodic acid‐Schiff, Alcian Blue pH 2.5, High Iron Diamine) and lectin‐binding (SBA, DBA, PNA, WGA, MAA‐II, SNA, ConA, UEA‐I, AAA, LTA) techniques. The stomach can be divided into four compartments: main stomach, two connecting chambers and pylorus. The pylorus is followed by the duodenal ampulla. Mucins are secreted by surface cells and intramucosal glands specific for each compartment. In the main stomach glands, neck cells were weakly sulphated, with prevailing glycosaminylated, glycosylated/mannosylated, and fucosylated residuals. Parietal and chief cells in general were scarcely reactive. In the connecting chambers glands, there were high levels of sulphation, glycosaminylation, glycosylation/mannosylation, and fucosylation, the latter with more complex patterns than those observed in the main stomach glands. In the pyloric glands sulphated, glycosaminylated and fucosylated residuals decreased, whereas the opposite was observed for galactosyl/galactosaminylated residuals. Glycosylation patterns in the glands of the duodenal ampulla differed from those of the pyloric ones, with similar levels of sulphation, lower levels of galactosyl/galactosaminylation and glycosaminylation, and higher level of fucosylation. The results are compared with those available in literature.
RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase 1 delays the accumulation of viroids in infected plants
Authors: Li Shuai , Zhang Zhixiang , Zhou Changyong , Li Shifang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRNA‐dependent RNA polymerase 1 (RDR1) is essential for plant antiviral defence, but its role in plant defence against viroid infection remains unknown. The present study aimed to identify the function and mechanism of RDR1 in plant resistance to viroid infection. Overexpression of Nicotiana tabacum RDR1 (NtRDR1) delayed the accumulation of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) genomic RNA and PSTVd‐derived small RNA (sRNA) in Nicotiana benthamiana plants at the early invasion stage, but not in the late stage of infection. Conversely, virus‐induced gene silencing of tomato RDR1 (SlRDR1a) increased the susceptibility to PSTVd infection (increased viroid accumulation). Salicylic acid (SA) pretreatment induced SlRDR1a expression and enhanced the defence against PSTVd infection in tomato plants. Our study demonstrated that RDR1 is involved in SA‐mediated defence and restricts the early systemic invasion by PSTVd in plants. The decreased PSTVd accumulation in N. benthamiana was not caused by efficient accumulation of PSTVd sRNAs. These results deepen our understanding of the mechanism of RDR1 in plant defence responses to viroid attack.
Association of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate detected by initial histological specimen and neuroendocrine prostate cancer: A report of three cases
Authors: Ikeda Junichi , Ohe Chisato , Ohsugi Haruyuki , Matsuda Tadashi , Tsuta Koji , Kinoshita Hidefumi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present three cases of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) and histologically investigate the association of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC‐P) and NEPC. Case 1 was a 76‐year‐old man who had NEPC identified by repeated biopsy specimens when his prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level became elevated 8 years after the initiation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Case 2 was a 70‐year‐old man who had NEPC detected when multiple bone metastases were found 3 years after the initiation of ADT. Case 3 was a 70‐year‐old man who was diagnosed with NEPC based on histological examination of transurethral resected specimens. The histological findings in these three cases showed mixed neuroendocrine carcinoma–acinar adenocarcinoma with various proportions of both components. In all three cases, the neuroendocrine carcinoma components were positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin A, whereas the adenocarcinoma components were positive for PSA and NKX3.1. When we retrospectively reviewed the initial hematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides, IDC‐P was detected in all three cases. Furthermore, we collected nine additional cases of NEPC and found that all six cases with initial biopsy specimens available had an IDC‐P component. Detecting IDC‐P on initial histological specimens of the prostate may predict transformation to NEPC.
Arrested ambition? Foreign investor protections, stabilization clauses and fossil‐fuelled power generation in developing countries
Authors: Moon Gillian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStates introducing measures to transition away from fossil‐fuelled power generation might be obliged, under international investment treaty provisions, to compensate affected foreign investors in that sector. Treaty‐based investor protections may be augmented by broad entitlements in ‘stabilization clauses’ in project contracts between host States and foreign investors in the sector. This article explores the extent and scope of such clauses with regard to host developing countries, as well as the capacity of the clauses to hold back the transition by these countries. Much literature has focused on the exposure of fossil fuel‐rich developing countries to investor claims for compensation. This article concentrates on the arresting effect of investor protections on the ambition of fossil fuel import‐dependent developing countries to make a robust transition. Information is required urgently about the exposure of these countries to compensation claims, particularly under stabilization clauses, by foreign investors in the fossil‐fuelled power generation sector.
Modeling Antimicrobial Prescriptions in Scotland: A Spatiotemporal Clustering Approach
Authors: Gieschen Antonia , Ansell Jake , Calabrese Raffaella , Martin‐Barragan Belen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn 2016, the British government acknowledged the importance of reducing antimicrobial prescriptions to avoid the long‐term harmful effects of overprescription. Prescription needs are highly dependent on the factors that have a spatiotemporal component, such as bacterial outbreaks and urban densities. In this context, density‐based clustering algorithms are flexible tools to analyze data by searching for group structures and therefore identifying peer groups of GPs with similar behavior. The case of Scotland presents an additional challenge due to the diversity of population densities under the area of study. We propose here a spatiotemporal clustering approach for modeling the behavior of antimicrobial prescriptions in Scotland. Particularly, we consider the density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm (DBSCAN) due to its ability to include both spatial and temporal data. We extend this approach into two directions. For the temporal analysis, we use dynamic time warping to measure the dissimilarity between time series while taking into account effects such as seasonality. For the spatial component, we propose a new way of weighting spatial distances with continuous weights derived from a Kernel density estimation‐based process. This makes our approach suitable for cases with different local densities, which presents a well‐known challenge for the original DBSCAN. We apply our approach to antibiotic prescription data in Scotland, demonstrating how the findings can be used to compare antimicrobial prescription behavior within a group of similar peers and detect regions of extreme behaviors.
Estimation of the Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in People with Diabetes by Combining Information from Multiple Routine Data Collections
Authors: Geroldinger Angelika , Hronsky Milan , Endel Florian , Endel Gottfried , Oberbauer Rainer , Heinze Georg 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHealth care claims databases maintained by social insurance institutions provide rich and sometimes easily accessible data sources for epidemiological research. Interpreting the registered claims, for example, drug prescriptions, as proxies for the condition of interest, for example, diabetes, they allow for nationwide prevalence estimation. We illustrate a more subtle use of health care claims data in estimating the stage-specific prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the Austrian population with diabetes. The main difficulty was that information on the type of disease (chronic or acute) and information on the stage of disease were only available for small, almost disjoint subsets of the health care claims data. Using high-dimensional regression models, we could combine the information and provide nationwide estimates of the stage-specific prevalence of diabetic chronic kidney disease. Validating our estimates by comparing to other studies, we found the level of agreement satisfying.
Young children evaluate and follow others’ arguments when forming and revising beliefs
Authors: Rakoczy Hannes , Miosga Nadja , Schultze Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhat do young children understand about arguments? Do they evaluate arguments critically when deciding whom to learn from? To address this question, we investigated children at age 4–5, when robust selective social learning is in place. In Studies 1a/b, children made an initial perceptual judgment regarding the location of an object under varying perceptual circumstances; then received advice by another informant who had better/worse perceptual access than them; and then made their final judgment. The advice by the other informant was sometimes accompanied by utterances of the form “I am certain … because I've seen it”. These utterances thus constituted good arguments in some conditions (informant could see clearly), but not in others (informant had poor perceptual access). Results showed that children evaluated argument quality in context‐sensitive ways and used them differentially for belief‐revision. They engaged in more belief‐revision when the informant gave this argument only when her perceptual condition, and thus her argument, was good. In Study 2, children were asked to find out about different properties (color/texture) of an object, and received conflicting testimony from two informants who supported their claims by utterances of the form “because I've seen it” (good argument regarding color/poor regarding texture) or “because I've felt it” (vice versa). Again, children engaged in context‐relative evaluation of argument quality, selectively learning from the agent with the appropriate argument. Taken together, these finding reveal that children from age 4 understand argument quality in sophisticated, context‐relative ways, and use this understanding for selective learning and belief‐revision.
Detrital zircon U‐Pb geochronology of the Jianchuan Basin, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, and its implications for tectonic and paleodrainage evolution
Authors: Feng Ying , Song Chunhui , He Pengju , Meng Qingquan , Wang Qiaoxin , Wang Xinghong , Chen Wenqi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Jianchuan Basin is a key region for determining the spatial‐temporal evolution of paleodrainage and tectonic at the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. New detrital zircon U‐Pb geochronology and paleocurrent data from Eocene formations in this basin suggest that the sediment sources switched from the remote sources (including Hoh‐Xil, Songpan‐Ganzi, North Qiangtang, Yidun and western Yangtze terranes) to local lithologies (adjacent Triassic and Eocene igneous rocks and western Yangtze block) from the early‐middle Eocene Baoxiangsi to the late Eocene Shuanghe and Jianchuan Formations. Such provenance changes support that large‐scale drainage reorganization occurred in the late Eocene (prior to ~36 Ma). This significant late Eocene provenance and drainage changes occurred as one of the responses to coeval topographic uplift in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.
A web text mining approach for the evaluation of regional characteristics at the town level
Authors: Wang Shu , Qian Lang , Zhu Yunqiang , Song Jia , Lu Feng , Zeng Hongyun , Chen Pengfei , Yuan Wen , Li Weirong , Geng Wenguang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe evaluation of regional characteristics can reveal the advantages of local industries that are significant to guide regional industrial restructuring and industrial layout. Detailed guidance requires fine‐grained evaluations of the regional characteristics, especially at the town level, since towns are the locations of industry. Existing evaluation methods, such as the location quotient and the Porter diamond model, depend on statistical data to compare the advantages of regional characteristics in different regions. Statistical data have fixed statistical items and spatial units that limit the content and granularity, respectively, of the evaluation. In existing methods, non‐covered industries and under‐counted units, especially at the town level and below, result in incomplete descriptions of the regional characteristics. In contrast, web text in the current internet era contains numerous descriptions of regional characteristics. Therefore, web text can potentially be used to evaluate these characteristics. This article proposes a novel web‐based method for the evaluation of regional characteristics (WERC). According to the features of the regional characteristics of the town in the web texts, the WERC method uses the term frequency method to extract the typical characteristics of the region by crawling text on websites and compares the relative advantage of the typical characteristics between different regions to determine the outstanding regional characteristics. WERC is used in a case study to evaluate the regional characteristics of 1,090 towns in Fujian Province, China, obtaining high precision (0.946) and recall (0.895). Unlike existing methods, the proposed method provides comprehensive quantitative town portraits to describe the regional characteristics. The town portrait not only shows the advantages of the typical characteristics of the town, but also quantifies the advantages using a ranking of the typical characteristics. The results can guide regional industrial restructuring and industrial layout and provide a novel approach for the evaluation of regional characteristics based on web text.
Weedy rice de‐domesticated from cultivated rice has evolved strong resistance to seed ageing
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhang Yu‐Jie , Sun Xi‐Xi , He Xiao‐Tong , Yang Jin‐Ling , Chen Xiao‐Feng , Shi Zhi‐hua , Xiao‐Ling Song , Qiang Sheng , Dai Wei‐Min 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWeed seeds generally have stronger ageing resistance than crops, allowing them to maintain their persistence in the field. Weedy rice (Oryza sativa), de‐domesticated from cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), has become a pernicious weed in Chinese rice fields in recent years. Whether weedy rice rapidly evolved strong resistance to seed ageing in the process of de‐domestication, thereby contributing to its persistence in the paddy field, requires investigation. Accordingly, the seeds of weedy rice populations and their co‐existing rice varieties were collected from 61 regions of China and germinated after incubation at normal (25°C) and artificial accelerated ageing (50°C) conditions, for four consecutive years (2013–2016). The results showed that the seed‐ageing resistance of weedy rice was higher than that of its coexisting rice cultivars. The high temperature treatment and seed viability tests showed that weedy rice seeds had only weak dormancy in the first year (2013). Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between germination and latitude. At about 35° N, naturally selected weedy rice formed two distinct groups. This implies that indica–japonica differentiation might affect the ageing resistance of weedy rice and the coexisting cultivated rice. After dividing the weedy and cultivated rice into indica and japonica types, the germination percentage of the indica‐type was higher than that of the japonica type. These results indicate that weedy rice may have evolved new resistance to seed ageing that may be helpful in formulating prevention and control strategies for this problematic weed.
Siberian Trap volcanism, global warming and the Permian-Triassic mass extinction: New insights from Armenian Permian-Triassic sections: Comment
Authors: Horacek Micha , Krystyn Leopold , Baud Aymon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Joachimski et al. carried out geochemical investigations to study seawater temperature changes and their potential triggers across the Permian-Triassic Boundary (PTB). Unfortunately, in our opinion, an incorrect biochronology was applied to define the PTB, and the existing alternative was not considered, nor the reasoning explained. As a consequence, Joachimski et al. report diachronous temperature changes for the investigated Chanakhchi section with respect to the global stratotype section and point (GSSP) in Meishan, China. This discrepancy disappears when the, in our view, correct position of the PTB is adopted by using the proper biochronology.
The products of primary magma fragmentation finally revealed by pumice agglomerates
Authors: Giachetti Thomas , Trafton Kathleen R. , Wiejaczka Joshua , Gardner James E. , Watkins James M. , Shea Thomas , Wright Heather M.N. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Following rapid decompression in the conduit of a volcano, magma breaks into ash- to block-sized fragments, powering explosive sub-Plinian and Plinian eruptions that may generate destructive pyroclastic falls and flows. It is thus crucial to assess how magma breaks up into fragments. This task is difficult, however, because of the subterranean nature of the entire process and because the original size of pristine fragments is modified by secondary fragmentation and expansion. New textural observations of sub-Plinian and Plinian pumice lapilli reveal that some primary products of magma fragmentation survive by sintering together within seconds of magma break-up. Their size distributions reflect the energetics of fragmentation, consistent with products of rapid decompression experiments. Pumice aggregates thus offer a unique window into the previously inaccessible primary fragmentation process and could be used to determine the potential energy of fragmentation.
Jurassic Arc: Reconstructing the Lost World of eastern Gondwana
Authors: Foley Elliot K. , Henderson R.A. , Roberts E.M. , Kemp A.I.S. , Todd C.N. , Knutsen E.M. , Fisher C. , Wainman C.C. , Spandler Carl 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe tectonic setting of the Australian sector of the eastern Gondwanan margin during the Jurassic and Cretaceous is enigmatic. Whether this involved convergent tectonism and a long-lived continental magmatic arc or rift-related extension unrelated to subduction is debated. The paucity of Australian Jurassic–Cretaceous igneous outcrops makes resolving these competing models difficult. We used the detrital zircon record of the Jurassic–Cretaceous Great Australian Superbasin (GAS) as a proxy for igneous activity. We attribute the persistent magmatism recorded in GAS sedimentary fill throughout the Mesozoic to ca. 95 Ma to continuation of the established Paleozoic continental arc system. The detrital zircon record signals short (~10 m.y.) pulses of elevated Jurassic and Cretaceous magmatic activity and strongly positive εHf values, indicating juvenile crust or mantle-derived magmatism. Margin reconstruction indicates sustained continental growth at rates of at least ~55 km3 km–1 m.y.–1, mainly to the tract now represented by submerged northern Zealandia, due to the retreat of this arc system. We posit that arc retreat was a key factor in rapid crust generation and preservation, and that continental sedimentary systems globally may host cryptic records of juvenile crustal addition that must be considered in estimating crustal growth rates along convergent plate margins.