bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncotype DX RS Correlation with Clinicopathologic Risk Factors and Chemotherapy: Follow up Based on TAILORx Study
Authors: Ali Faroug , Omar Nabil , Calaud Francois , Elmistiri Mufid , Ghazouani Hafedh , ALBADR Salha , Rasul Kakil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Oncotype DX risk score is a clinically validated prognostic and predictive molecular test. It estimates the recurrence and predicts the likelihood of benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in early ER\PR positive, node-negative breast cancer. Patients are categorized into one of three tiers based on a calculated recurrence score (RS); low (<18), intermediate (18-30), and high (≥31-100) reflecting 10 years distant recurrence likelihood. 2008 NCCN guidelines recommended adjuvant endocrine therapy for low RS and adjuvant chemoendocrine therapy for high RS, but there was no clear recommendation of chemotherapy for intermediate RS (18-30). In 2018 the TAILORx re-established RS categories; a score of less than 11 is low, 11-25 is intermediate and 26-100 is high, and provided evidence to treat patients in intermediate RS category. Reviewing of Oncotype DX RS previous data in reference to TAILORx might support the optimal utility of this test which was suggested by the study. The Aim of the Study: Look for Oncotype Dx RS correlation, with clinical and pathological risk factors (age, tumor size, tumor grade, ER/PR status, tumor proliferation index) and chemotherapy based on TAILORx RS tier. Study the characteristics of patients who had cancer recurrence. Method: Retrospective data review of 54 patients who had Oncotype DX test during 2012-2017 at National Cancer Center-Qatar. Result: Of 54 patients studied 16(29.63%) had low RS, 32(59.26%) had intermediate RS, and 6(11.1%) had high RS. Univariate analysis showed that age (p<0.014), tumor grade (p<0.034), and Ki67% (cut-off 20%; p<0.013) were significantly different among Oncotype DX RS categories. There was no significant difference among Oncotype DX RS categories for tumor size (p<0.288) or PR status (cut-off 1%, p<0.3). Multivariate analysis showed that none of the clinical/pathological factors significantly predict the Oncotype DX RS. Chemotherapy was given to 1/16 (6.25%) patients with low, 7/32(21.9%) patients with intermediate, and 4/6 (66.7%) patients with high Oncotype DX RS (univariate analysis p<0.01). Although Oncotype DX RS had significant association with chemotherapy in univariate analysis, tumor size was the only predictor of adjuvant chemotherapy treatment from all factors including Oncotype DX RS (OR 2.33 CI 0.33 - 3.86, p<0.020). The majority (75%) of patients who had disease recurrence belonged to the high intermediate (16-25) Oncotype DX tier, and all were less than 50 years old in age. Conclusion: Oncotype RS correlates significantly with individual clinical risk factors including age, tumor grade, Ki67%, chemotherapy treatment. Tumor size significantly predicts adjuvant chemotherapy. Breast cancer recurrence was noticed in younger patients with high intermediate RS (16-25), and adjuvant chemotherapy may be a reasonable option for these patients.
Short Isoform Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Reduces Inflammation and Aerobic Glycolysis of Asthmatic Airway Epithelium by Antagonizing Long Isoform Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
Authors: Yu Changhui , Huang Wufeng , Zhou Zicong , Liang Shixiu , Zhou Zili , Liu Jieyi , Zhao Haijing , Liu Laiyu , Dong Hangming , Zou Fei , xi Cai Shao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:Up-regulation of aerobic glycolysis has been reported as a characterization of asthma and facilitates airway inflammation. We has been previously reported that short isoform thymic stromal lymphopoietin (sTSLP) could reduce inflammation in asthmatic airway epithelial. Here we wanted to investigate whether the inhibition of sTSLP on asthma is related to aerobic glycolysis. Methods:Asthmatic model was established in challenging Male BALB/c mice and 16-HBE (human bronchial epithelial) cell line with house dust mite (HDM). Indicators of glycolysis were assessed to measure whether involve in sTSLP regulating airway epithelial inflammation in asthmatic model in vivo and in vitro.Results:sTSLP decreased inflammation of asthmatic airway and aerobic glycolysis in mice. HDM or long isoform thymic stromal lymphopoietin (lTSLP) promoted HIF-1α expression and aerobic glycolysis by miR-223 to target and inhibit VHL (von Hippel-Lindau）expression 16-HBE. Inhibition of aerobic glycolysis restrained HDM- and lTSLP-induced inflammatory cytokines production. sTSLP along had almost no potential to alter aerobic glycolysis of 16-HBE. But sTSLP decreased LDHA (lactate dehydrogenase A) and LD (Lactic acid) levels in BALF, and HIF-1α and LDHA protein levels in airway epithelial of asthma mice model. lTSLP and sTSLP both induced formation of TSLPR and IL-7R receptor complex, and lTSLP obviously facilitated phosphorylation of JAK1, JAK2 and STAT5, while sTSLP induced a little phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT5. Conclusion: We identified a novel mechanism that lTSLP could promote inflammatory cytokines production by miR-223/VHL/HIF-1α pathway to upregulate aerobic glycolysis in airway epithelial in asthma. This pathway is suppressed by sTSLP through occupying binding site of lTSLP in TSLPR and IL-7R receptor complex.
Kawasaki Disease with Dilatation of the Common Bile Duct: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Morita Atsushi , Imagawa Kazuo , Ishiodori Takumi , Tagawa Manabu , Takada Hidetoshi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Kawasaki disease (KD), which was first described by Tomisaku Kawasaki in 1967, is a syndrome that results in acute systemic vasculitis, affecting mainly infants and children, and is a major cause of acquired heart disease in developed countries. KD is diagnosed based on certain characteristic symptoms and echocardiogram results. It has been reported that neck and abdominal ultrasound is also reliable diagnostic method. Nevertheless, abdominal ultrasound is not a routine procedure in KD. Moreover, dilatation of the common bile duct (CBD) has been rarely reported in previous cases.
Case presentation:

A 4-year-old boy presented with fever and markedly high transaminase level (AST, 5,323 U/L, ALT, 1,554 U/L). The patient was diagnosed as having KD based on characteristic symptoms and echocardiogram findings. Neck and abdominal ultrasound revealed dilatation of the CBD as well as cervical lymphadenopathy resembling a cluster of grapes, thickening of the gallbladder wall, and increased periportal echogenicity throughout the liver parenchyma. The patient received initial treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) at day 4 of fever, following which, transaminase level decreased. The patient received second-line treatment with IVIG and prednisolone because of recurrent fever on day 6. Dilatation of the CBD was improved from 6.6 mm on day 4 to 3.1 mm on day 8. Although re-dilatation was observed, it gradually diminished and normalized (4.3 mm on day 28, 4.0 mm on day 63, 3.3 mm on day 105, and 2.8 mm on day 182).
Conclusion

This case highlights the usefulness of abdominal ultrasound and the importance of considering dilatation of the CBD as one of the complications of KD. Because abdominal ultrasound is not a routine procedure in KD, it is possible that dilatation of the CBD in KD is quite latent if not investigated thoroughly. Further prospective studies to support these findings are warranted.
A Self-Assembling Blockchain-Based Database in Global Data Sharing of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Sajedi Hedieh , Mohammadipanah Fatemeh , Davoodzadeh Melika 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

The year 2020 has been through the occurrence of a pandemic caused by a virus known as SARS-CoV-2. The uncontrolled worldwide spread of COVID-19 and the rapid transmission of this virus lead to more and more cases, which results in a massive data stream. Each day a new set of data points are being reported regarding the number of positive test results, patients hospitalized, deaths, ventilator shortages, etc. This paper reviews Blockchain technology principles that suit it for data sharing of the pandemic and highlights the potential applications and opportunities in allying this form of data deposition and sharing for combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results

Blockchain has potential application in rapid data sharing of COVID-19 associated data. Data sharing using Blockchain is among the most influencing and practical approaches that healthcare data management can utilize to be more efficacious. Despite Blockchain robustness, it still has limitations that need to be considered in this paper.
Conclusions

The key concept of Blockchain technology is decentralization, which provides high performance and security for records stored on the net. Moreover, Blockchain is accessible to every participating block in the network. As a result, Blockchain can play an important role in storing and sharing medical records by giving global secure access to trusted data.
Perfusion Abnormalities Shown On Subtraction CT Angiography In Apparently Normal Lungs And Their Impact On Patient Outcome. A Prospective Cohort Study: What Could We Be Missing?
Authors: Santamarina Mario G. , Lomakin Felipe Martinez , Beddings Ignacio , Riscal Dominique Boisier , Villacís Jose Chang , Aguilera Roberto Contreras , Marambio Jaime Vidal , Mellado Eduardo Labarca , Volpacchio Mariano 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 pneumonia seems to affect the regulation of pulmonary perfusion. In this study, through iodine distribution maps obtained with subtraction CT angiography, we quantified and analyzed perfusion abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and correlated them with clinical outcomes.Methods: 205 patients were included in this cohort, from two different tertiary-care hospitals in Chile. All patients had RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. CT scans were performed within 24 h of admission, in supine position. Airspace compromise was assessed with CT severity score, and the extension of hypoperfusion in apparently healthy lung parenchyma with perfusion score. CT severity and perfusion scores were then correlated with clinical outcomes. Multivariable analyses using Cox Proportional Hazards regression were used to control for clinical confounders.Results: Fourteen patients were excluded due to uninterpretable images. This left 191 patients, 112 males and 79 females. The mean age was 60.8±16.0 years. The median SOFA score on admission was 2 and average PaFi ratio was 250±118. Patients with severe perfusion abnormalities showed significantly higher SOFA scores and lower Pa/Fi ratios when compared to individuals with mild or moderate anomalies. Severe perfusion abnormalities were associated with an increased risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and the requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).Conclusion: Patients with severe perfusion anomalies have a higher risk of admission to the ICU and IMV. Perfusion alterations could be considered as an independent risk factor in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.Summary Statement: Lung perfusion abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were associated with admission to Intensive Care Unit and requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation. Perfusion abnormalities could be considered as an independent risk factor in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Bioinformatics Analysis of Genes Upregulating Poor Prognosis In Colorectal Cancer And Gastric Cancer
Authors: Dong Ruizhi , Li Shaodong , Liang Bin , Kang Zhenhua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose : To analyze the up-regulated genes of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer and gastric cancer by bioinformatics. Methods: We searched the gene expression profiles GSE156355 and GSE64916 in colorectal cancer and gastric cancer tissues in NCBI-GEO. With P value < 0.05 and log2>1 as the standard, Venn diagram software was used to identify the common DEGs in the two data sets. Kaplan Meier plotter was used to analyze the survival rate data of common differentially expressed genes, draw and select survival curves, and analyze their expression levels. Results: A total of 97 genes were detected to be up-regulated in the two gene expression profiles. There were 19 genes in the prognosis of gastric cancer and 15 genes in the prognosis of colorectal cancer that had significant differences in the survival rate. Among them, KCNQ1, TRIM29, GART, MSX1, SNAI1, SUV39H2, LOXL2 and KCTD14 significantly decreased the survival rate of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. The expression of MSX1 was the highest in gastric cancer. The expression level of KCTD14 was the highest in colorectal cancer, and there was no significant difference in the expression levels of other genes. Conclusion: There are 19 and 15 genes with significantly different prognostic viability in gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, respectively. The survival rates of KCNQ1, TRIM29, GART, Msx1, SNAI1, SUV39H2, LOXL2 and KCTD14 were significantly decreased in gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. The expression of MSX1 was the highest in gastric cancer. The expression of KCTD14 was the highest in colorectal cancer.
OsWRKY62 and OsWRKY76 interact with Importin α1s for Negative Regulation of Defensive Responses in Nucleus
Authors: Xu Xiaohui , Wang Han , Liu Jiqin , Han Shuying , Lin Miaomiao , Guo Zejian , Chen Xujun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: OsWRKY62 and OsWRKY76, two close members of WRKY transcription factors, function together as transcriptional repressors. OsWRKY62 is predominantly localized in the cytosol. What are the regulatory factors for OsWRKY62 nuclear translocation?Results: In this study, we characterized they interacted with rice importin, OsIMα1a and OsIMα1b, for nuclear translocation. Chimeric OsWRKY62.1-GFP, which is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, was translocated to the nucleus of Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells in the presence of OsIMα1a or OsIMαDIBB1a lacking the auto-inhibitory importin β-binding domain. OsIMαDIBB1a interacted with the WRKY domain of OsWRKY62.1, which has specific bipartite positively charged concatenated amino acids functioning as a nuclear localization signal. Similarly, we found that OsIMαDIBB1a interacted with the AvrPib effector of rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, which contains a scattered distribution of positively charged amino acids. Furthermore, we identified a nuclear export signal in OsWRKY62.1 that inhibited nuclear transportation. Overexpression of OsIMα1a or OsIMα1b enhanced resistance to M. oryzae, whereas knockout mutants decreased resistance to the pathogen. However, overexpressing both OsIMα1a and OsWRKY62.1 were slightly more susceptible to M. oryzae than OsWRKY62.1 alone. Ectopic overexpression of OsWRKY62.1 with an extra nuclear export signal compromised the enhanced susceptibility of OsWRKY62.1 to M. oryzae.Conclusion: These results indicated that OsWRKY62 localization is a consequence of competition binding between rice importins and exportins. OsWRKY62, OsWRKY76, and AvrPib effector translocate to nucleus in association with importin α1s through new types of nuclear localization signals for negatively regulating defense responses.
Sexual Autonomy and Self-reported Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Sub-saharan African Women in Sexual Unions
Authors: Adu Collins , Mohammed Aliu , Budu Eugene , Frimpong James Boadu , Tetteh Justice Kannor , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a major public health challenge worldwide. Despite the importance of sexual autonomy in the prevention and control of sexual and reproductive health disorders such as STIs, there are limited studies on the possible relationship between women’s sexual autonomy and self-reported STIs, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study, therefore, examined the association between sexual autonomy and self-reported STIs among women in sexual unions in SSA.Methods Data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of 31 countries in SSA conducted between 2010 and 2019 were analysed. A total of 234,310 women in sexual unions were included in the study. Data were analysed using binary logistic regression models and the results were presented as crude odds ratios (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) at 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The prevalence of self-reported STIs among women in sexual unions in SSA was 5.8%. Approximately 83.0% of the women surveyed had sexual autonomy. Women who had no sexual autonomy were less likely to have self-reported STIs (cOR=0.52, CI: 0.46-0.54), compared to those who had sexual autonomy. Additionally, higher odds of self-reported STIs were found among women aged 25-29, compared to those aged 15-19 (aOR= 1.21, CI: 1.09-1.35); those who reside in urban areas, compared to those who reside in rural areas (aOR= 1.51, CI: 1.37-1.66) and those who were cohabiting, compared to those who were married (aOR= 1.65, CI: 1.52-1.79). On the other hand, lower odds of self-reported STIs were found among women who were exposed to newspapers (aOR= 0.89, CI: 0.82-0.95), those whose partners had primary education (aOR= 0.84, CI: 0.78-0.91), those who were not exposed to radio (aOR= 0.84, CI: 0.79-0.89), and working women (aOR= 0.86, CI: 0.80-0.93). Conclusion Findings from this study suggest that sexual autonomy is a significant predictor of self-reported STIs among women in sexual unions in SSA. Thus, instituting policies and programs that empower women and improve their levels of sexual autonomy may result in increased self-reporting of symptoms associated with STIs which subsequently help in minimising STI-related complications. Also, policies aimed at enhancing women’s sexual autonomy may reduce the burden of STIs in SSA, especially among women in sexual unions.
The Predictive Value of the Oxford Acute Disease Severity Score for Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: A Secondary Analysis of a Large Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Wang Na , Wang Mei-Ping , Jiang Li , Du Bin , Zhu Bo , Xi Xiuming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: To compare the performance of the Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score (OASIS), the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in predicting 28-day mortality in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients.Methods: Data were extracted from the Beijing Acute Kidney Injury Trial (BAKIT). 2,954 patients with complete clinical data were included in this study. We calculated the OASIS, APACHE II, SAPS II and SOFA within the first day of ICU admission. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyse and evaluate the predictive effects of the four scoring systems on the 28-day mortality risk of AKI patients and each subgroup. The best cut-off value was identified by the highest combined sensitivity and specificity using Youden’s index. The significance level was set at 5%.Results: Among the 2,954 patients, the 28-day mortality rate was 17.0% (501 patients died). The OASIS, APACHE II, SAPS II and SOFA of nonsurviving patients were higher than those of surviving patients with AKI. The 28-day mortality of AKI patients increased accordingly with the increase in OASIS. Among the four scoring systems, the area under the curve (AUC) of OASIS was the highest. The comparison of AUC values of different scoring systems showed that there were no significant differences among OASIS, APACHE II and SAPS II, which were better than SOFA. Moreover, logistic analysis revealed that OASIS was an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality in AKI patients, whether as a continuous variable or a categorical variable. OASIS also had good performance in predicting ICU mortality and in-hospital mortality in AKI patients and had good predictive ability for the 28-day mortality of each subgroup of AKI patients.Conclusion: OASIS, APACHE II and SAPS II all presented good discrimination and calibration in predicting the 28-day mortality risk of AKI patients. OASIS, APACHE II and SAPS II had better predictive accuracy than SOFA, but due to the complexity of APACHE II and SAPS II calculations, OASIS is a good substitute.Trial RegistrationThis study was registered at www.chictr.org.cn (registration number Chi CTR-ONC-11001875). Registered on 14 December 2011.
Costs Related to Immunopreventable Diseases: Brazil and Its Geographic Areas (Immunopreventable Diseases’ Costs in Brazil)
Authors: Costa Elide Sbardellotto Mariano da , Hyeda Adriano , Maluf Eliane M Cesario Periera 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: the occurrence of the immunopreventable diseases in a population global reality. Objective: to discriminate the direct costs of the hospitalizations from the immunopreventable diseases in the Unified Health System (SUS), in Brazil and their areas, between 2008 and 2018. Methods: A population, observational, descriptive and retrospective study, with data from the information supplied by the DATASUS website, these data were collected during the 2019. Results: It was identified 457,479 hospitalizations in the period; with a total of 2,450,870 days of hospital stay, with total costs of R$389,243,264.85. Only the disease mumps presented a growing tendency in whole areas; the chickenpox was decreasing; the illness whooping cough, yellow fever and tetanus were stationary in this period. Conclusions: The costs related to immunopreventable diseases were relevant in all the Brazil areas, with tendencies different between the geographic areas and between the several illnesses analyZed.
KEY WORDS: Hospital Costs; Communicable diseases; Vaccines; Unified Health System
Ileal Mucosa-Associated Microbiota Overgrowth Associated with Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Kitahata Shogo , Yamamoto Yasunori , Yoshida Osamu , Tokumoto Yoshio , Kawamura Tomoe , Kumagi Teru , Hirooka Masashi , Takeshita Eiji , Abe Masanori , Ikeda Yoshiou , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

The gut microbiota has potential implications in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, little is known about the significance of small intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) in PBC. We aimed to investigate the ileal MAM profile and identify its association with liver pathology in patients with PBC.
Methods

Forty-three patients with PBC and 24 healthy controls who underwent colonoscopy at our hospital between March 2018 and January 2020 were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. We performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of MAM samples obtained from the mucosa of the terminal ileum of all subjects. We also examined the relationship between the abundance of ileal MAM and chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis using liver specimens from patients with PBC.
Results

Dysbiosis of ileal MAM was observed in patients with PBC, with a characteristic overgrowth of Sphingomonadaceae and Pseudomonas. Multivariate analysis showed that the overgrowth of Sphingomonadaceae and Pseudomonas is an independent association factor for PBC. Moreover, the abundance of Sphingomonadaceae was associated with chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis in PBC.
Conclusions

Overgrowth of Sphingomonadaceae and Pseudomonas in ileal MAM is an independent association factor for diagnosing PBC. Sphingomonadaceae may be particularly associated with the pathological development of PBC.