bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved multi‐party verification protocol with reduced computational overhead in cloud storage system
Authors: George Anju Susan , Nargunam A. Shajin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough in industry and academia cloud computing provides several services, cloud storage is the most unavoidable one. Cloud storage allows remote data validation of the deployed user's data without keeping a local copy. A third‐party auditor is delegated by the users in order to examine the remote data integrity thereby reducing the burden of the users. Data integrity checking protects the user's data from tinkering and illicit access especially when they store data in public clouds such as AWS. Various schemes were proposed by several scholars which possess computational overhead and communication overhead during the integrity checking. Most of the schemes proposed were possessing computational overhead in the cloud server side which increases the financial overwhelming of the clients. In this article an improved multiparty computation architecture is proposed to minimize the computational overhead in the cloud server side while generating the proof of the data blocks in public clouds. The proposed scheme can be implemented on semi‐trusted cloud environments and allows a set of server nodes called ingestion nodes to compute on private inputs thus preserving the privacy and soundness of the computing data. The improved protocol also uses an indistinguishability obfuscation program with a message authentication code tag to minimize the verification overhead of the third‐party auditor as well as preserves the privacy and security of the stored data.
Two‐Dimensional Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Nanosheet Electrodes for Enhanced Electrical Conductivity toward Stable and High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Minseop , Kim Min‐Sung , Oh Jae‐Min , Park Jin Kuen , Paek Seung‐Min 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo investigate the effect of electrical conductivity on the energy‐storage characteristics of anode materials in sodium‐ion batteries, covalent organic nanosheets (CONs) are hybridized with highly conductive graphene nanosheets (GNs) via two different optimized synthesis routes, that is, reflux and solvothermal methods. The reflux‐synthesized hybrid shows a well‐overlapped 2D structure, whereas the solvothermally prepared hybrid forms a segregated phase in which the contact area between the CONs and GNs is reduced. These two hybrids synthesized by facile methods are fully characterized, and the results reveal that their energy‐storage properties can be significantly improved by enhancing the electrical conductivity via the formation of a well‐overlapped structure between CONs and GNs. The discharge capacity and rate capability of the reflux‐synthesized hybrid was considerably larger than that of the bare CONs, highlighting that the improvement in the charge‐carrier transport properties can improve the accessibility of Na ions to the surface of the hybrids. This synthetic methodology can be extended to the fabrication of high‐performance anodes for Na‐ion batteries.
A Cu2O‐derived Polymeric Carbon Nitride Heterostructured Catalyst for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene
Authors: Lin Wenwen , Chen Hao , Li Zihao , Sasaki Kotaro , Yao Siyu , Zhang Zihao , Li Jing , Fu Jie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe electroreduction of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbons has been proposed as a promising way to utilize CO2 and maintain the ecosystem carbon balance. However, the selective reduction of CO2 to C2 hydrocarbons is still challenging. In this study, a highly efficient heterostructured catalyst has been developed, composed of a carbon nitride (CN)‐encapsulated copper oxide hybrid (CuxO/CN). The interaction between the metal and carbon nitride in the heterostructured catalysts improves the intrinsic electrical conductivity and the charge transfer processes at metal–support interfaces. A remarkable enhancement in the selectivity of hydrocarbons is achieved with these modified Cu‐based electrocatalysts, with an onset potential of −0.4 V and high C2H4 faradaic efficiency of 42.2 %, and these catalysts can also effectively suppress H2 evolution during the CO2 reduction reaction. This work provides a simple and cost‐effective method for synthesizing CN‐encapsulated catalysts that provides the possibility of efficiently converting CO2 into C2 hydrocarbons.
Relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes for beta diversity of bird assemblages in Yunnan, China
Authors: He Xuelian , Brown Calum , Lin Luxiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEvaluating the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes underlying taxonomic and functional beta diversity is crucial in community ecology, because it can reveal the dominant processes of community assembly. However, studies of bird communities remain rare and of limited spatial extents. In this study, we described the taxonomic and functional beta diversity patterns of 32 passerine bird assemblages of Yunnan Province, China. We constructed null models based on observed species beta diversity and used multiple regressions on distance matrices to evaluate the relative contributions of deterministic and stochastic processes to passerine bird assemblage dissimilarity. Our results showed significant geographic distance decay in taxonomic and functional similarity, with passerine bird assemblages located in the northwest and southwest of the province having higher functional beta diversity values than expected. Environmental distance and geographic distance explained a similar amount taxonomic beta diversity, but environmental distance explained much more functional beta diversity. Our results suggest that both deterministic and stochastic processes drive taxonomic beta diversity, but that deterministic processes, particularly environmental filtering, play a dominant role in driving functional beta diversity of passerine bird assemblages at sub‐national scale.
Stronger predation intensity and impact on prey communities in the tropics
Authors: Freestone Amy L. , Torchin Mark E. , Jurgens Laura J. , Bonfim Mariana , López Diana P. , Repetto Michele F. , Schlöder Carmen , Sewall Brent J. , Ruiz Gregory M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe hypothesis that biotic interactions strengthen toward lower latitudes provides a framework for linking community‐scale processes with the macroecological scales that define our biosphere. Despite the importance of this hypothesis for understanding community assembly and ecosystem functioning, the extent to which interaction strength varies across latitude and the effects of this variation on natural communities remain unresolved. Predation in particular is central to ecological and evolutionary dynamics across the globe, yet very few studies explore both community‐scale causes and outcomes of predation across latitude. Here we expand beyond prior studies to examine two important components of predation strength:intensityof predation (including multiple dimensions of the predator guild) andimpacton prey community biomass and structure, providing one of the most comprehensive examinations of predator–prey interactions across latitude. Using standardized experiments, we tested the hypothesis that predation intensity and impact on prey communities were stronger at lower latitudes. We further assessed prey recruitment to evaluate the potential for this process to mediate predation effects. We used sessile marine invertebrate communities and their fish predators in nearshore environments as a model system, with experiments conducted at 12 sites in four regions spanning the tropics to the subarctic. Our results show clear support for an increase in both predation intensity and impact at lower relative to higher latitudes. The predator guild was more diverse at low latitudes, with higher predation rates, longer interaction durations, and larger predator body sizes, suggesting stronger predation intensity in the tropics. Predation also reduced prey biomass and altered prey composition at low latitudes, with no effects at high latitudes. Although recruitment rates were up to three orders of magnitude higher in the tropics than the subarctic, prey replacement through this process was insufficient to dampen completely the strong impacts of predators in the tropics. Our study provides a novel perspective on the biotic interaction hypothesis, suggesting that multiple components of the predator community likely contribute to predation intensity at low latitudes, with important consequences for the structure of prey communities.
Siloxane Coordination Revisited: Si−O Bond Character, Reactivity and Magnificent Molecular Shapes
Authors: Dankert Fabian , von Hänisch Carsten 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSiloxanes have evolved into a multi‐million dollar business due to their manifold of commercial and industrial applications. As siloxanes have high hydrophobicity, low basicity, high flexibility and also high chemical inertness in common, their chemistry differs significantly from that of organic ethers. The discovery of organic crown ethers, for instance, is commonly accepted as the birth of synthetic host‐guest chemistry. Regarding the chemical properties of siloxanes, cyclic siloxanes which formally resemble silicon analogues of crown ethers, have received considerably less interest in terms of their host‐guest chemistry. Hence, only little is known about siloxane coordination chemistry in the chemical community and the number of published works in this field has been very low till lately. In the last few years, the field has significantly advanced and elegant methods were established to enable the Si−O−Si unit for coordination. This review therefore summarizes the recent developments in the field, recapitulates the historical aspects of siloxane coordination chemistry and describes the specific Si−O bond character with regard to different siloxane linkages. Implications on Si−O bond activation are included and the limits of siloxane coordination are redefined.
Techno‐economic analysis of a hybrid solar‐geothermal power plant integrated with a desalination system
Authors: Aviles Daniel , Sabri Farhad , Hooman Kamel 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThis paper proposes the use of a hybrid 5 MW power generation system combining concentrated solar thermal and solar photovoltaic technology where the efficiency of the power block is increased by taking advantage of hot water from a low‐temperature geothermal source. Aiming at a case study for Winton in Queensland the pertinent meteorological data are used for our simulations. In addition, the paper analyzes the feasibility of including a thermal desalination technology that uses the waste heat from the power block for producing clean water from wastewater. Our design replaces the traditional dry cooling system with a water‐cooled heat exchanger to remove the waste heat from the power block. Finally, this work explores the ratio of concentrated solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity production that optimizes the levelized cost of electricity and water production. the results indicate that the incorporation of the desalination system does not produce a significant increase in this value, and the optimal ratio of electricity production is obtained when the photovoltaic system contributes to 27.5% of the total electricity generation. Our water production cost can be as low as 40 ₵/m3 while for the combined system our minimum levelized cost of electricity figures out at 12.4 ₵/kWh to generate the base load with thermal storage.
Microencapsulation of nattokinase from fermentation by spray drying: Optimization, comprehensive score, and stability
Authors: Li Ganlu , Li Tao , He Feng , Chen Cheng , Xu Xu , Tian Weilong , Yang Yue , He Xun , Li Hui , Chen Kequan , Hao Ning , Ouyang Pingkai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNattokinase from fermentation has recently gained more attention due to its beneficial effects on cardiovascular system. However, the instability of free nattokinase limits its application. The aim of the study was to develop a spray‐drying microencapsulation process to obtain the nattokinase powder with high activity, high quality, and strong storage stability. Hence, the microencapsulation process of nattokinase from fermentation by spray drying was optimized. Experiments of single‐factor and response surface methodology were used to assess the comprehensive scores and nattokinase activities. According to single‐factor and response surface methodology results, optimum parameters of microencapsulation process of the nattokinase power by spray drying were 30% of mass ratio of wall materials, 139°C of air inlet temperature, 8 L/h of feed rate, and 80°C of outlet temperature. The final optimized result encompassed a comprehensive score of 96, nattokinase activity of 1,340 IU/ml, and moisture content of 4.1 ± 0.1%. In addition, the microencapsulated nattokinase power showed strong storage stability in the conditions of different temperatures and pH. After 30 days of storage, the nattokinase powder was still white or light yellow, with a special smell, no peculiar smell and paste taste, and no impurity. These results build the basis of further industrialization of the nattokinase powder from fermentation broth by spray drying.
Structured learning of rigid‐body dynamics: A survey and unified view from a robotics perspective
Authors: Geist A. René , Trimpe Sebastian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccurate models of mechanical system dynamics are often critical for model‐based control and reinforcement learning. Fully data‐driven dynamics models promise to ease the process of modeling and analysis, but require considerable amounts of data for training and often do not generalize well to unseen parts of the state space. Combining data‐driven modeling with prior analytical knowledge is an attractive alternative as the inclusion of structural knowledge into a regression model improves the model's data efficiency and physical integrity. In this article, we survey supervised regression models that combine rigid‐body mechanics with data‐driven modeling techniques. We analyze the different latent functions (such as kinetic energy or dissipative forces) and operators (such as differential operators and projection matrices) underlying common descriptions of rigid‐body mechanics. Based on this analysis, we provide a unified view on the combination of data‐driven regression models, such as neural networks and Gaussian processes, with analytical model priors. Furthermore, we review and discuss key techniques for designing structured models such as automatic differentiation.
YAP/TAZ Suppress Drug Penetration Into Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Stromal Activation
Authors: Cho Kyungjoo , Ro Simon Weonsang , Lee Hye Won , Moon Hyuk , Han Sojung , Kim Hye Rim , Ahn Sang Hoon , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims
HCC is the most predominant type of liver cancer affecting 800,000 people globally each year. Various small‐molecule compounds targeting diverse oncogenic signaling pathways have been tested for patients with HCC, and clinical outcomes were not satisfactory. In this study, we investigated molecular signaling that determines the efficiency of drug delivery into HCC.

Approach and Results
Hydrodynamics‐based transfection (HT) was performed to develop mouse models for HCC induced by various oncogenes. Mice bearing liver cancer were treated with verteporfin at 5 weeks after HT. Multicellular HCC organoid (MCHO) models were established that contained various types of stromal cells, such as hepatic stellate cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells together with HCC cells. Tumor organoids were treated with verteporfin, and distributions of the drug in the organoids were assessed using fluorescence microscopy. Murine HCC models developed by HT methods showed that a high Yes‐associated protein/Transcriptional co‐activator with PDZ‐binding motif (YAP/TAZ) activity in HCC cells impaired verteporfin penetration into the cancer. Activation of tumor stroma was observed in HCC with a high YAP/TAZ activity. Consistent with the findings in the in vivo models of HCC, MCHOs with activated YAP/TAZ signaling showed stromal activation and impaired penetration of verteporfin into the tumor organoids. Inhibition of YAP/TAZ transcriptional activity in HCC cells significantly increased drug penetration into the MCHO.

Conclusions
Drug delivery into liver cancer is impaired by YAP/TAZ signaling in tumor cells and subsequent activation of stroma by the signaling. Disrupting or targeting activated tumor stroma might improve drug delivery into HCC with an elevated YAP/TAZ activity.
Evaluating the Prevention Benefit of HCV Treatment: Modeling the SToP‐C Treatment as Prevention Study in Prisons
Authors: Lim Aaron G. , Stone Jack , Hajarizadeh Behzad , Byrne Marianne , Chambers Georgina M. , Martin Natasha K. , Grebely Jason , Dore Gregory J. , Lloyd Andrew R. , Vickerman Peter 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims
Between 2014 and 2019, the SToP‐C trial observed a halving in HCV incidence in four Australian prisons following scale‐up of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. However, the contribution of HCV treatment to this decline is unclear because the study did not have a control group. We used modeling to consider this question.

Approach and Results
We parameterized and calibrated a dynamic model of HCV transmission in prisons to data from each SToP‐C prison on incarceration dynamics, injecting drug use, HCV prevalence trends among prison entrants, baseline HCV incidence before treatment scale‐up, and subsequent HCV treatment scale‐up. The model projected the decrease in HCV incidence resulting from increases in HCV treatment and other effects. We assessed whether the model agreed better with observed reductions in HCV incidence overall and by prison if we included HCV treatment scale‐up, and its prevention benefits, or did not. The model estimated how much of the observed decrease in HCV incidence was attributable to HCV treatment in prison. The model projected a decrease in HCV incidence of 48.5% (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 41.9‐54.1) following treatment scale‐up across the four prisons, agreeing with the observed HCV incidence decrease (47.6%; 95% CI, 23.4‐64.2) from the SToP‐C trial. Without any in‐prison HCV treatment, the model indicated that incidence would have decreased by 7.2% (95% UI, −0.3 to 13.6). This suggests that 85.1% (95% UI, 72.6‐100.6) of the observed halving in incidence was from HCV treatment scale‐up, with the remainder from observed decreases in HCV prevalence among prison entrants (14.9%; 95% UI, −0.6 to 27.4).

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate the prevention benefits of scaling up HCV treatment in prison settings. Prison‐based DAA scale‐up should be an important component of HCV elimination strategies.
Bispecific antibodies for the treatment of lymphomas: Promises and challenges
Authors: Schuster Stephen J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe potential of bispecific antibodies to direct antigen‐specific T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity toward malignant cells bearing a target antigen was recognized over 35 years ago. Generally, this is accomplished by combining a T‐cell receptor‐specific monoclonal antibody or monoclonal antibody‐derived fragment that is capable of activating and expanding resting T cells with a second monoclonal antibody or monoclonal antibody fragment directed against a tumor target antigen. Bispecific antibodies induce effector T cells that bind to tumor cells independently of their T‐cell receptor specificity and without the requirement of MHC‐mediated antigen presentation, focusing effector T‐cell cytotoxicity on tumor cells bearing the target antigen. The therapeutic efficacy of this approach for treatment of relapsed or refractory B‐cell lymphomas was first demonstrated with blinatumomab, a single molecule comprised of two linked single‐chain variable fragments with binding specificities for CD19 and CD3. The recent demonstration that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells can achieve very durable remissions in some patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell lymphomas, as well as the potential efficacy of bispecific antibodies in CAR T cell failures, has rekindled interested in bispecific antibodies as a T cell‐mediated therapeutic approach. We review the early results of phase 1 clinical trials of bispecific antibodies targeting CD20 on B cells and engaging T cells via CD3 in 1:1 or 2:1 CD20:CD3 Fab formats for treatment of relapsed or refractory B‐cell lymphomas.
U.S. and Chinese preschoolers' compliance and regulatory behaviours in two challenging contexts
Authors: Wang Jun , Barrett Karen Caplovitz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChildren are expected to self‐regulate their behaviour, even in emotionally charged situations. Yet, such expectations for self‐regulation, the degree to which compliance is expected, and the specific regulatory behaviours deemed desirable, vary by culture, age of child, and specific situation. In this study, 34 Chinese (17 females) and 39 U.S. (19 females) preschoolers were observed and compared in two socioemotionally challenging situations. Children's compliance to explicit and implicit rules, their regulatory behaviours, and the associations between regulatory behaviours and rule compliance were analysed across the two samples. U.S. children showed greater resistance to temptation and similar levels of repair of mishap as compared to Chinese children. In addition, Chinese children used more avoidance and self‐soothing strategies and fewer distractive strategies than U.S. children. The effectiveness of regulatory behaviours in predicting rule compliance varied by both task condition and cultural group. Object and self distractions were associated with lower rule compliance in the mishap task. Social distraction was positively predictive of U.S. children's rule compliance in the mishap task, but negatively associated with their compliance in the temptation task. Social distraction was unhelpful for Chinese children's compliance in both tasks. The complexities of cultural variations and dynamics in their relations to children's rule compliance and regulatory behaviours are discussed.
Two cases of pelvic schwannomas simultaneously resected with the prostate by robot‐assisted surgery
Authors: Nishikimi Toshinori , Yoshino Yasushi , Yamada Hiroshi , Mizuno Hideki , Yamauchi Yushi , Ohashi Tomoyoshi , Isiguro Shigeki , Morikami Hiroko , Okamura Kikuo 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionSchwannoma is a rare benign tumor of peripheral nerves arising from Schwann cells of the ubiquitous nerve sheath. The operative steps and technical aspects of robotic resection of pelvic schwannoma are described herein.Case presentationWe describe two patients with pelvic tumors simultaneously resected with the prostate by robot‐assisted surgery: a 69‐year‐old man with schwannoma of the right side of the pelvic floor and a 68‐year‐old man with schwannoma in the left pelvis. As metastasis of prostate cancer could not be ruled out, tumorectomy was performed using robotic‐associated prostatectomy. Malignancy was absent in the two pelvic tumors, and the patients were diagnosed with schwannoma.ConclusionFor surgery in a narrow deep pelvis, robot‐assisted surgery is minimally invasive, offers excellent mobility of robotic instruments and visibility of three‐dimensional view, and is a useful approach.