bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of the quality of care from the patient’s perspective (QPP) instrument for persons with dementia
Authors: Helgesen Ann Karin 
Published: July 2021

Background: Despite the fact that dementia care is one of the most rapidly growing areas in healthcare, relatively little is known about the experiences of persons with dementia in relation to quality of care. The Quality of care from the Patient’s Perspective (QPP) instrument has previously been adapted for use in different healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to adapt the QPP for use by persons with dementia. Methods: The study was conducted in special care units (SCUs) in Norway. An exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring with oblique rotation was performed for psychometric evaluation. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha. Results: The result show that it was possible to assess how persons with dementia living in SCUs in nursing homes evaluate the care when using an adapted version of the QPP. The QPP questionnaire specifically for dementia care (QPP-DC) consists of 23 items representing seven factors with an eigenvalue ≥ 1.0. The reliability coefficients were acceptable for most factors. Conclusions: QPP-DC provides a meaningful tool for quality improvements of care in special care units by detecting areas of importance for the persons with dementia. In that way the care could be more person centered. Nevertheless, research is needed to further validate and test the QPP-DC questionnaire.
Life Cycle Assessment of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) Using both Problem Oriented (Midpoint) Approach and Damage Oriented Approach (Endpoint)
Authors: D. Olagunju Busola , A. Olanrewaju Oludolapo 
Published: July 2021

The concern for environmental related impacts of the cement industry is fast growing in recent times. The industry is challenged with high environmental impact which spans through the entire production process. Life cycle assessment (LCA) evaluates the environmental impact of product or process throughout the cycle of production. This can be done using either or both midpoint (process-oriented) and endpoint (damage-oriented) approaches of life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). This study assessed the environmental impact of 1 kg Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) using both approaches of LCIA. This analysis was carried out using a data modeled after the rest of the world other than China, India, Europe, US and Switzerland. The dataset was taken from Ecoinvent database incorporated in the SimaPro 9.0.49 software. The result of the analysis showed that clinker production phase produced the highest impact and CO2 is the highest pollutant emitter at both endpoint and midpoint approaches. This is responsible for global warming known to affect both human health and the ecosystem. Also, toxicity in form of emission of high copper affects the ecosystem as well as humans. In addition, high fossil resources (crude oil) are consumed and pose the possibility for scarcity.
Adverse Drug Reactions and Pharmacovigilance
Authors: Shah Amran Md. 
Published: July 2021

The discovery of a new drug usually takes 10-15 years. Within this time period, the candidate drug is thoroughly screened for its beneficial as well as side effects. But the side, adverse or toxic effects cannot be detected to a full scale due to some special reasons. The beneficial effects and toxicity of new drugs and vaccines are usually studied by “Clinical trials”, which are divided into four categories ranging from clinical trial phases I to IV. During clinical trial phase-III, about 4,000-10,000 patients are involved and after passing this phase, the drug is allowed to enter into the global market. Then, billions of people, including those who were excluded in phase-III, may be administered with this drug. It is worthy to mention that these 4,000-10,000 patients may not show many of the side effects or toxic actions. The undetected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are studied in clinical trial phase-IV, which is also known as post market surveillance. For this reason, the ADRs are compared with the tip of the iceberg, as it indicates the minor part of a major event. This phenomenon gave birth to a new branch of the pharmacology known as Pharmacovigilance.
DFT Study of Structure and Radical Scavenging Activity of Natural Pigment Delphinidin and Derivatives
Authors: Pottachola Sumayya , Kaniyantavida Arifa , Karuvanthodiyil Muraleedharan 
Published: July 2021

A theoretical evaluation of the antioxidant activity of natural pigment delphinidin (1a) and derivatives 1b, 1c, 1d & 1e was performed using the DFT-B3LYP/6–311 + G (d, p) level of theory. Three potential working mechanisms, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), stepwise electron transfer proton transfer (SET-PT), and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET), have been investigated. The physiochemical parameters, including O–H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP), proton dissociation enthalpy (PDE), proton affinity (PA), and electron transfer enthalpy (ETE), have been calculated in the gas phase and aqueous phase. The study found that the most suitable mechanism for explaining antioxidant activity is HAT in the gas phase and SPLET in the aqueous medium in this level of theory. Spin density calculation and delocalization index of studied molecules also support the radical scavenging activity. When incorporated into natural pigment delphinidin, the gallate moiety can enhance the activity and stability of the compounds.
Updates on Lobular Neoplasms and Papillary, Adenomyoepithelial, and Fibroepithelial Lesions of the Breast
Authors: Li Xiaoxian , Febres-Aldana Christopher , Zhang Hong , Zhang Xinmin , Uraizee Imran , Tang Ping 
Published: July 2021

Context.—
This review article is a result of the breast pathology lectures given at the Sixth Chinese American Pathologists Association annual diagnostic pathology course in October 2020 (held virtually due to COVID-19).

Objective.—
To update recent developments, in this review article, the authors wrote minireviews in the following 4 areas: lobular neoplasm, adenomyoepithelial lesions, papillary lesions, and fibroepithelial lesions.

Data Sources.—
The sources include extensive literature review, personal research, and experience.

Conclusions.—
With the wide practice of screening mammography, these lesions are not uncommon in image-guided core biopsies and excisional specimens. Many recent developments have emerged in understanding these lesions. We aim to provide readers with concise updates for each of these lesions with a focus on recent updates in definitions, diagnostic criteria, management, and molecular profiles that are most relevant to the daily practice of pathology and patient management.
Política de empleo: posibilidades y limitaciones
Authors: Benítez-Aurioles Beatriz 
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las posibilidades y limitaciones de la política de empleo. Después de algunas consideraciones sobre su contenido y alcance, se aborda, en primer lugar, las políticas que afectan a la oferta de trabajo y, más concretamente, las destinadas a establecer controles o incentivos para regular la población activa. Posteriormente, se discuten las políticas sobre la demanda de trabajo y, en particular, los efectos de las bonificaciones a la contratación y la pertinencia de establecer normas que protejan a los empleos existentes. Por último, respecto a la política que afecta a la formación de salarios, se estudian las consecuencias del salario mínimo y las circunstancias en las que se enmarca la negociación colectiva. A lo largo de la exposición se argumentará que la eficacia de la política de empleo está condicionada, entre otros factores, por la lógica económica y por las restricciones que imponen los marcos institucionales en los que se desarrollan.
Persistent Challenges of Potable Water Supply, Implications and Mitigation Strategies in Limbe, Cameroon
Authors: Buh Emmanuel Nong , Zeh Amos Fang , Ngong Ukah Bonaventure 
Published: July 2021

Persistent challenges of potable water supply and its implications hinder man’s progress in Limbe municipality. The growing population of Limbe Municipality faces increasing challenges of potable water supply with lots of implications. And the Cameroon Water Utilities Corporation (CAMWATER) with the local communities involved in potable water management is unable to meet up with this increasing demand. This has led to the challenges of potable water supply in Limbe municipality which is very frustrating to water consumers. This present study sought to examine the challenges of potable water supply and its implications in Limbe. A combination of research methods (desk review, interviews and reconnaissance field appraisal) have been used in this study. Our findings revealed that increasing population and poor management of potable water supply were the major problems. In the methods utilized, a community based cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to December 2020 using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Wealth Health Organization checklist was used for observation around catchments, then the assessment of water supply challenges was done with a semi quantitative approach. And 200 questionnaires were administered where qualitative data was collected through Focus Group Discussions and in-depth interviews. The results obtained from the 7 water catchments assessed indicated that 50% of the water supply challenges were as a result of the increasing population in Limbe municipality. Meanwhile 30% stated that poor management of potable water supply by the authorities concern is another reason of persistent challenges of potable water supply in Limbe. While 20% were of the opinion that the challenges of potable water supply is as a result of anthropogenic activities near water catchments leading to a progressive reduction in water volume. An integrated potable water management team is needed and a periodic monitoring of these catchment in order to reduce this persistent challenges.
Revisiting the Role of the Triple‐Phase Boundary in Promoting the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Aluminum–Air Batteries
Authors: Choi Sangjin , Do Hyung Wan , Jin Dana , Kim Sungsoon , Lee Jeongyoub , Soon Aloysius , Moon Jooho , Shim Wooyoung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe decomposition, electron transfer, and protonation of oxygen molecules are typically assumed to be the rate‐limiting steps of the oxygen reduction reactions (ORR), and the activation energy barriers of these reactions can be surmounted using catalysts. In this study, the physical rate‐limiting step of the ORR consists of the adsorption of gaseous oxygen molecules at the liquid–solid phase boundary, indicating that the formation of a gas–liquid–solid triple‐phase boundary (TPB) is important for accelerating the ORR kinetics. This is experimentally confirmed by analyzing the ORR in aluminum–air batteries. Moreover, the formation of a TPB using the hierarchical pores of sparked reduced graphene oxide is demonstrated, which serve as the cathode, and the remarkable electrochemical performance of the fabricated battery is presented. These findings can be used to accelerate the ORR kinetics by maximizing the TPB, particularly in aluminum–air batteries.
Enhanced Direct White Light Emission Efficiency in Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes via Embedded Ferroelectric Islands Structure
Authors: Cho Yuljae , Pak Sangyeon , Li Benxuan , Hou Bo , Cha SeungNam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhite light emission is of great importance in our daily life as it is the primary source of light indoor and outdoor as well as day and night. Among various materials and lighting technologies, intensive efforts have been made to quantum dots based‐light‐emitting diode (QD‐LEDs, or QLEDs) because of outstanding optical properties, facile synthesis, and bandgap tunability of QDs. Despite the fact that QLEDs are able to present various colors in a visible range, realizing efficient direct white light emission is a challenge as white light emission can only be achievable through stacking and patterning of QD films or mixing of different sizes of QDs. This inevitably involves energy band mismatch at interfaces, leading to degradation of device performance. Here, a new effective method to improve white QLED performances through embedding a ferroelectric islands structure is introduced, which induces an electric field to effectively modulate the energy band at the junction interface. The formation of a favorable energy landscape leads to efficient charge transport, improved radiative recombination, and consequently high external quantum efficiency in the white QLEDs. In addition, it is demonstrated that this new approach is proved to be effective in different color temperatures ranging from 3000 to over 120 000 K.
Metal‐Catalyzed Reactivity Reversal in the Sulfonylation Reaction of α‐Allenols: Controlled Synthesis of 4‐(Arylsulfonyl)‐2,5‐Dihydrofurans
Authors: Herrera Fernando , Esteban Pablo , Luna Amparo , Almendros Pedro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe synergy between metal catalysis and radical chemistry allows to surpass previous limitations of the reactions between allenols and sulfonylating reagents. Considering that previous studies of the reactivity of the allenol moiety with sulfonylating reagents have been limited to addition and rearrangement reactions lacking cyclization, we decided to modify the protocol for achieving a catalytic cyclization/functionalization. In this way, we accomplished a copper‐catalyzed cascade cycloetherification/sulfonylation for the controlled preparation of 4‐(arylsulfonyl)‐2,5‐dihydrofurans from allenols and sulfinates involving in situ‐generated sulfur‐centered radicals. The generality of our strategy was illustrated using various methyl‐ and phenyl‐substituted allenes.magnified image
Textile‐Type Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode Enabling High Specific/Areal Capacities and High Rate Capability through Ligand Replacement Reaction‐Mediated Assembly
Authors: Kwon Minseong , Nam Donghyeon , Lee Seokmin , Kim Yongju , Yeom Bongjun , Moon Jun Hyuk , Lee Seung Woo , Ko Yongmin , Cho Jinhan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAchieving high energy storage performance and fast rate capability at the same time is one of the most critical challenges in battery technology. Here, a high‐performance textile cathode with notable specific/areal capacities and high rate capability through an interfacial interaction‐mediated assembly that can directly bridge all interfaces existing between textile and conductive materials and between conductive and active materials, minimizing unnecessary insulating organics is reported. First, amine (NH2)‐ and carboxylic acid (COOH)‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are alternately layer‐by‐layer (LbL)‐assembled onto cellulose textiles for the preparation of conductive textiles using hydrogen bonding interactions. Dioleamide‐stabilized LiFePO4 nanoparticles (DA‐LFP NPs) with high crystallinity and high dispersion stability in organic media are consecutively LbL‐assembled with MWNT‐NH2 onto conductive textiles through ligand replacement between native DA ligands bound to the surface of the LFP NPs and NH2 groups of MWNTs. In this case, 35 nm sized LFP NPs are densely and uniformly adsorbed onto all regions of the textile, and additionally, their areal capacities are increased according to the deposition number without a significant loss of charge transfer kinetics. The formed textile cathodes exhibit remarkable specific/areal capacities (196 mAh g−1/8.3 mAh cm−2 at 0.1 C) and high rate capability with highly flexible mechanical properties.
Noncovalently Functionalized Commodity Polymers as Tailor‐Made Additives for Stereoselective Crystallization
Authors: Ye Xichong , Wang Zhaoxu , Zhang Jie , Wan Xinhua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStereoselective inhibition of the nucleation and crystal growth of one enantiomer aided by “tailor‐made” polymeric additives is an efficient method to obtain enantiopure compounds. However, the conventional preparation of polymeric additives from chiral monomers are laborious and limited in structures, which impedes their rapid optimization and applicability. Herein, we report a “plug‐and‐play” strategy to facilitate synthesis by using commercially available achiral polymers as the platform to attach various chiral small molecules as the recognition side‐chains through non‐covalent interactions. A library of supramolecular polymers made up of two vinyl polymers and six small molecules were applied with seeds in the selective crystallization of seven racemates in different solvents. They showed good to excellent stereoselectivity in yielding crystals with high enantiomeric purities in conglomerates and racemic compound forming systems. This convenient, low‐cost modular synthesis strategy of polymeric additives will allow for high‐efficient, economical resolution of various racemates on different scales.
Diarylethen‐basierte lichtschaltbare Inhibitoren von Serinproteasen
Authors: Babii Oleg , Afonin Sergii , Diel Christian , Huhn Marcel , Dommermuth Jennifer , Schober Tim , Koniev Serhii , Hrebonkin Andrii , Nesterov‐Mueller Alexander , Komarov Igor V. , Ulrich Anne S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEin bizyklisches Peptid wurde mit einem Diarylethen modifiziert, um lichtschaltbare Inhibitoren der Serinprotease Bos taurus Trypsin 1 (T1) zu erzeugen. Ausgehend von dem Sonnenblumen‐Trypsin‐Inhibitor‐1 (SFTI‐1) als Prototyp, erhielten wir lichtschaltbare Inhibitoren von T1 mit Ki im niedrigen nanomolaren Bereich, deren Aktivität durch Bestrahlung mit Licht um das 20‐Fache moduliert werden konnte. Die inhibitorische Potenz sowie die Resistenz gegen proteolytischen Abbau wurden systematisch an einer Reihe von 17 SFTI‐1‐Analoga untersucht. Die Isomerisierung des Photoschalters beeinflusst das Netzwerk aus Wasserstoffbrücken, das zur Stabilisierung der Struktur der Inhibitoren dient, und möglicherweise auch die Bindungsdynamik zwischen Enzym und Inhibitor. Die Machbarkeit einer zeitlichen und räumlichen Manipulation der Enzymaktivität wurde durch kontrollierten Verdau eines Hydrogels auf Gelatinebasis und eines antimikrobiellen Peptids BP100‐RW bewiesen. Die angewendeten Designprinzipien für Diarylethen‐Photoschalter stellen eine Grundlage für die Entwicklung anderer Serinprotease‐Inhibitoren dar.
Blending poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) with hydrophobic polymers as a hybrid adhesive with enhancedwater‐resistantproperties
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Xuanhua , Guo Shaohui , Wei Bingqing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe use of poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEOX) in a wet environment is limited because of its high hydrophilicity. In this study, PEOX based blends were prepared via blending PEOX with hydrophobic polymers, such as poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN), poly(4‐vinylphenol) (PVPh), and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), in order to improve the water‐resistance of PEOX. The blends' water resistance properties are evaluated by the contact angle, solubility, moisture absorption, and mechanical strength in a wet environment. The results show that the water resistance and the adhesion strength of PEOX in a wet environment are dramatically enhanced by polymer blending. The blend with 30 wt% PVPh demonstrates excellent performances in transparency and water‐resistant abilities. It is found that the stable hydrogen bonding within the blend plays an important role in hydrophobic modification. The PVPh/PEOX blend can be applied as a new type of transparent coating or adhesive with enhanced water‐resistant properties in a wet environment.
Preparation and fluorescence characterization of monodisperse core‐shell structure SiO2@SiO2:Tb(1,2‐BDC)3phen microspheres by a sol‐seed method
Authors: Liu Yan‐hong , Ma Xiao‐guang , Zhu Li‐ye , Li Meng , Ren Xiao‐xia , Zhang Man 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe SiO2@SiO2:Tb(1,2‐BDC)3phen microspheres with monodispersed core‐shell structure, are kind of fluorescent particles, which are prepared by a seeded growth method under the catalysis of glacial acetic acid (1,2‐BDC, 1,2‐benzenedicarboxylic acid; phen, 1,10‐phenanthroline). Firstly, silica seed was fabricated by the hydrolysis of ethyl orthosilicate, and the Tb(1,2‐BDC)3phen was prepared by using 1,2‐BDC and phen. Then, a thin mesoporous silica shell doped with Tb(1,2‐BDC)3phen was grown on the prepared monodisperse silica colloids. The prepared phosphor was analyzed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric and fluorescence spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the diameter of the SiO2@SiO2:Tb((1,2‐BDC)3phen microsphere was about 200 nm with a typical core‐shell structure, among which the diameter of the silica core was 180 nm, and that of the mesoporous silicon shell doped with terbium complex was about 10 nm. The fluorescence intensity of SiO2@SiO2:Tb((1,2‐BDC)3phen microsphere is nearly three times higher than that of Tb((1,2‐BDC)3phen complexes. The prepared microspheres could be widely used in bio‐imaging, optoelectronic appliances and medical diagnosis.
Synthesis of molecularly imprinted microspheres and development of a fluorescence method for detection of chloramphenicol in meat
Authors: Jia Bing Jie , Lin Min , Wang Jian Ping , Wu Ning Peng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, nitrobenzene was used as dummy template to synthesize a type of specific molecularly imprinted microspheres for chloramphenicol, and 4‐nitroaniline was coupled with three fluorophores to synthesize three fluorescent tracers. Then a competitive fluorescence method was developed on a conventional microplate for detection of chloramphenicol in chicken and pork samples. This method contained only one sample‐loading step, so one assay was finished within 30 min. The IC50 was 1.8 ng/ml, and the limit of detection was 0.06 ng/g. The recoveries from chloramphenicol‐fortified blank meat samples were in the range 67.5–96.2%. Furthermore, this method could be recycled three times. The detection results for some real meat samples were identical to that of a LC–MS/MS method. Therefore, this method could be used as a practical tool for routine screening for the residue of chloramphenicol in large number of meat samples.
Exosomal microRNA‐1246 from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells potentiates myocardial angiogenesis in chronic heart failure
Authors: Wang Zicheng , Gao Da , Wang Shengjie , Lin Haiyan , Wang Yanwei , Xu Weifeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) are of importance to chronic heart failure (CHF). However, the relevance of the exosomal miRNAs produced during CHF remains unknown. Our purpose here was to examine the relevance of exosomal microRNA‐1246 (miR‐1246) released from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC) during CHF and the mechanism of action. Cardiac function, myocardial infarction area, apoptosis, and angiogenesis were all evaluated in a CHF rat model following treatment with hucMSC‐derived exosomes (hucMSC‐Exos). H9C2 and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation and exosome treatment to quantify the cell proliferation and apoptosis in H9C2 cells and the tube formation capacity of the HUVECs. A dual‐luciferase activity reporter assay was conducted to validate the interaction between miR‐1246 and serine protease 23 (PRSS23). HucMSCs treatment led to a reduction in H9C2 apoptosis and an increase in HUVEC angiogenesis, which were mitigated when hucMSCs were treated with a miR‐1246 inhibitor. We also confirmed that PRSS23 is a putative target of miR‐1246 and that miR‐1246 attenuated hypoxia‐induced myocardial tissue damage by targeting PRSS23 and inhibiting the activation of the Snail/alpha‐smooth muscle actin signaling. Our findings suggest that exosomal miR‐1246 from hucMSCs protects the heart from failure by targeting PRSS23.