bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol control policy measures and all‐cause mortality in Lithuania: an interrupted time–series analysis
Authors: Štelemėkas Mindaugas , Manthey Jakob , Badaras Robertas , Casswell Sally , Ferreira‐Borges Carina , Kalėdienė Ramunė , Lange Shannon , Neufeld Maria , Petkevičienė Janina , Radišauskas Ričardas , Room Robin , Telksnys Tadas , Zurlytė Ingrida , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsAlcohol use has been identified as a major risk factor for burden of mortality and disease, particularly for countries in eastern Europe. During the past two decades, several countries in this region have implemented effective alcohol policy measures to combat this burden. The aim of the current study was to measure the association between Lithuania's alcohol control policies and adult all‐cause mortality.DesignInterrupted time–series methodology by means of general additive models.SettingLithuania.ParticipantsAdult population of Lithuania, aged 20 years and older.MeasurementsAlcohol control policies were ascertained via a document review of relevant legislation materials. Policy effects were evaluated as follows: (1) slope changes in periods of legislative (non‐)activity with regard to alcohol control policy (analysis 1); (2) level changes of three interventions following recommendations of the World Health Organization (analysis 2); and (3) level changes of seven interventions judged a priori by an international panel of experts (analysis 3). Mortality was measured by sex‐stratified and total monthly age‐standardized rates of all‐cause mortality for the adult population.FindingsDuring the period 2001–18, effective alcohol control policy measures were implemented on several occasions, and in those years the all‐cause mortality rate declined by approximately 3.2% more than in years without such policies. In particular, the implementation of increased taxation in 2017 was associated with reduced mortality over and above the general trend for men and in total for all analyses, which amounted to 1452 deaths avoided (95% confidence interval = −166 to –2739) in the year following the implementation of the policy.ConclusionsAlcohol control policies in Lithuania appear to have reduced the overall adult all‐cause mortality over and above secular trends.
Carbon sequestration in French agricultural soils: A spatial economic evaluation
Authors: Bamière Laure , Jayet Pierre‐Alain , Kahindo Salomé , Martin Elsa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSoil organic carbon sequestration measures entail costs to farmers with different individual characteristics and located in different areas. A cost‐effective analysis taking into account these heterogeneities is crucial for developing effective public policy aimed at increasing carbon sequestration. We undertake such an analysis focusing on three soil organic carbon sequestration measures: no‐till, extension of temporary grasslands, and hedgerows. Through an optimization model applied to France, our results show that only extension of temporary grasslands can store carbon at low cost, though their potential for carbon sequestration is also low. For an ambitious carbon sequestration target, no‐till and hedgerows are needed. Because of heterogeneities among farmers, we show that economic incentives are more cost effective than command and control measures. Furthermore, we highlight that the carbon sequestration policy tested here is unable to totally neutralize agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and that a combination of agricultural and environmental policies is essential for tackling climate change.
The emergence of the “genetic counseling” profession as a counteraction to past eugenic concepts and practices
Authors: Zuckerman Shachar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe emergence of the genetic counseling profession has allowed laypeople to understand and benefit from biological advances, and to make critical decisions about their application. The discipline of genetic counseling has been criticized from its very beginning, in particular because of its early association with the eugenics movement. This paper presents a critical and reflective overview of how genetic counseling is implicitly embedded in the history of eugenics but also counteracts past eugenic practices and ideas. After World War II, attempts were made to distance genetic counseling from eugenics. The first definition of genetic counseling did not position this field as a medical encounter but "as a kind of genetic social work aimed primarily to provide people with an understanding of their family's genetics problems." This approach was a reaction to the genetic and social evolutionary ideas that informed eugenic theories during the first half of the 20th century. Professionals engaged in genetic counseling during the 1940s and1950s rejected eugenic practices, but there was still support for eugenics’ goals of improving heredity and eliminating disease. From the 1960s, genetic counseling underwent professionalization alongside feminization and a definition of core values. Among these values were nondirectiveness counseling and the autonomy of the counselee. The dark shadow of Nazi ideology and other eugenic practices, attempts to employ the historical responsibility of geneticists, and the dynamic medical, social, political, and educational changes of the 1960s and 1970s helped to frame approaches and delineate the goals and limits of the new profession of “genetic counseling.”
Retrosigmoid ileal conduit without transposition of the left ureter after open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
Authors: Ficarra Vincenzo , Crestani Alessandro , Rossanese Marta , Alario Giuseppe , Mucciardi Giuseppe , Giannarini Gianluca , Valotto Claudio 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo assess perioperative outcomes, complications, and rate of uretero–ileal anastomotic stricture (UAS) in patients undergoing retrosigmoid ileal conduit after radical cystectomy (RC).Patients and MethodsClinical records of consecutive patients receiving retrosigmoid ileal conduit after open RC for bladder cancer between March 2016 and June 2020 at two academic centres were prospectively collected. Two expert surgeons performed all cases. Operating room (OR) time, estimated blood loss (EBL), transfusion rate, and 90‐day postoperative complications classified according to the Clavien–Dindo system, were assessed. In particular, rate of UAS, defined as upper urinary tract dilatation requiring endourological or surgical management, was evaluated.ResultsA total of 97 patients were analysed. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) OR time was 245 (215–290) min, median (IQR) EBL was 350 (300–500) mL, and blood transfusions were given to 15 (15.5%) cases. There were no intraoperative complications. There were 90‐day postoperative complications in 33 patients (34%), being major (Grade III–V) in 19 (19.6%). Two patients died from early postoperative complications. At a median (IQR) follow‐up of 25 (14–40) months, there was only one case (1%) of UAS, involving the right ureter and requiring an open uretero–ileal re‐implantation.ConclusionThe retrosigmoid ileal conduit is a safe and valid option for non‐continent urinary diversion after RC, ensuring a very low risk of UAS at an intermediate‐term follow‐up.
Artificial intelligence to improve cytology performances in bladder carcinoma detection: results of the VisioCyt test
Authors: Lebret Thierry , Pignot Geraldine , Colombel Marc , Guy Laurent , Rebillard Xavier , Savareux Laurent , Roumigue Mathieu , Nivet Sebastien , Coutade Saidi Monique , Piaton Eric , Radulescu Camelia 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the utility of artificial intelligence (AI) using the VisioCyt® test (VitaDX International, Rennes, France) to improve diagnosis of bladder carcinoma using voided urine cytology.Patients and MethodsA national prospective multicentre trial (14 centres) was conducted on 1360 patients, divided in two groups. The first group included bladder carcinoma diagnosis with different histological grades and stages, and the second group included control patients based on negative cystoscopy and cytology results. The first step of this VISIOCYT1 trial focussed on algorithm development and the second step on validating this algorithm. A total of 598 patients were included in this first step, 449 patients with bladder tumours (219 high‐grade and 230 low‐grade) and 149 as negative controls. The VisioCyt test was compared to voided urine cytology performed by experienced uro‐pathologists from each centre.ResultsOverall sensitivity was highly improved by the VisioCyt test compared to cytology (84.9% vs 43%). For high‐grade tumours the VisioCyt test sensitivity was 92.6% vs 61.1% for the uro‐pathologists. Regarding low‐grade tumours, VisioCyt test sensitivity was 77% vs 26.3% for the uro‐pathologists.ConclusionIn comparison to routine cytology, the results of the first phase of the VISIOCYT1 trial show very clear progress in terms of sensitivity, which is particularly visible and interesting for low‐grade tumours. If the validation cohort confirms these results, it could lead to the VisioCyt test being considered as a very useful aid for pathologists. Moreover, as this test is in fact software based on AI, it should become more and more efficient as more data are collected.
Doxycycline and its derivative, COL‐3, decrease dyskinesia induced by l‐DOPA in hemiparkinsonian rats
Authors: Bortolanza Mariza , do Nascimento Glauce C. , Raisman‐Vozari Rita , Del‐Bel Elaine 
Published: March 2021

Background and Purposel‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia is a debilitating effect of treating Parkinson's disease with this drug. New therapeutic approaches that prevent or attenuate this side effect are needed.Experimental ApproachWistar adult male rats submitted to 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced unilateral medial forebrain bundle lesion were treated with l‐DOPA (p.o. 20 mg·kg−1 or s.c. 10 mg·kg−1) once a day for 14 days. After this period, we tested if doxycycline (40 mg·kg−1, i.p.) and COL‐3 (50 and 100 nmol, i.c.v.) could reverse l‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia. In an additional experiment, doxycycline was administered together with l‐DOPA to verify if it would prevent l‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia development.Key ResultsA single injection of doxycycline or COL‐3 attenuated l‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia. Co‐treatment with doxycycline from the first day of l‐DOPA suppressed the onset of dyskinesia. The improved motor response after l‐DOPA was not affected by doxycycline or COL‐3. Doxycycline treatment was associated with decreased immunoreactivity of FosB, COX‐2, the astroglial protein GFAP and the microglial protein OX‐42, which were elevated in the basal ganglia of rats exhibiting dyskinesia. Doxycycline decreased metalloproteinase‐2/‐9 activity, metalloproteinase‐3 expression and ROS production. Metalloproteinase‐2/‐9 activity and production of ROS in the basal ganglia of dyskinetic rats showed a significant correlation with the intensity of dyskinesia.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe present study demonstrates the anti‐dyskinetic potential of doxycycline and its analogue compound COL‐3 in hemiparkinsonian rats. Given the long‐established and safe clinical use of doxycycline, this study suggests that these drugs might be tested to reduce or prevent l‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's patients.
Ephemeral habitat supports high fish α‐diversity and β‐diversity during drought in a subtropical semiarid wetland
Authors: Bokhutlo Thethela , Cunha Eduardo R. , Winemiller Kirk O. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTGlobally, the number of rivers with intermittent flow is increasing due to climate change and water abstraction for human consumption. Currently, our understanding of how hydrology in subtropical rivers with intermittent flow affects the structure and dynamics of aquatic communities is poorly understood. Here, we investigated how fish α‐ and β‐diversity patterns in intermittent channels in the lower reaches of the Okavango Delta respond to seasonal flooding and drought. Under low‐flow conditions, ephemeral habitat had higher α‐diversity, and this was influenced by a combination of fish aggregation and apparent transient legacy effects as habitat patches became smaller and more isolated. Investigation of changes in fish assemblage structure across different hydrological periods and habitat types showed significant species turnover when water levels fell, suggesting a strong influence from species sorting. During high‐water periods, species assemblages were homogenized both at local and regional scales, suggesting a greater influence of mass effects. Our findings support hydrology as a major factor regulating diversity patterns in intermittent rivers of a major wetland in a semiarid region of subtropical Africa. We infer from these findings that maintenance of a relatively natural flow regime will be necessary for conserving aquatic ecosystem structure and function in this system.
Melatonin and its protective role in attenuating warm or cold hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Hu Chenxia , Zhao Lingfei , Zhang Fen , Li Lanjuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough the liver is the only organ with regenerative capacity, various injury factors induce irreversible liver dysfunction and end‐stage liver disease. Liver resection and liver transplantation (LT) are effective treatments for individuals with liver failure, liver cirrhosis and liver cancers. The remnant or transplanted liver tissues will undergo hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (IR), which leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, immune injury and liver damage. Moreover, systemic ischaemia induced by trauma, stroke, myocardial ischaemia, haemorrhagic shock and other injury factors also induces liver ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in individuals. Hepatic IRI can be divided into warm IRI, which is induced by liver surgery and systemic ischaemia, and cold IRI, which is induced by LT. Multiple studies have shown that melatonin (MT) acts as an endogenous free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity and is also able to attenuate hepatic IRI via its anti‐inflammatory and antiapoptotic capacities. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms and current strategies of MT administration in liver surgery for protecting against warm or cold hepatic IRI. We highlight strategies to improve the efficacy and safety of MT for attenuating hepatic IRI in different conditions. After the potential mechanisms underlying the interactions between MT and other important cellular processes during hepatic IR are clarified, more opportunities will be available to use MT to treat liver diseases in the future.
Proton pump inhibitor treatment improves pulmonary function in acute exacerbations of COPD patients with 24‐hour Dx‐pH monitoring‐diagnosed laryngopharyngeal reflux
Authors: Wang Huaying , Fu Zhongming , Xu Peihong , Gu Xiao , Chen Xiaofei , Yu Wanjun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have higher laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)‐related symptom incidence. But LPR treatment is empirical. We aimed to determine the frequency of LPR, diagnosed by 24‐hour Dx‐pH monitoring, among acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) patients with Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) ≥13 and investigate proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment effect on LPR, COPD symptoms, and pulmonary function.MethodsFrom January 2016 to September 2017, 102 AECOPD patients with RSI ≥13 were enrolled. COPD assessment test (CAT), mMRC dyspnea scale, pulmonary function tests, and 24‐hour Dx‐pH monitoring were performed. The Ryan score was evaluated by using the Dx‐pH DataView Lite software, which identifies patients with abnormal pharyngeal pH environments. Associations among RSI, pulmonary function test results, and Ryan score parameters were evaluated. The abovementioned assessments were reperformed after treatment, and pre‐ and posttreatment data were compared.ResultsOf the 102 eligible patients, 49 (48.04%) were diagnosed with LPR based on Ryan score. Percentage of the forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1%) was significantly worse in Ryan‐positive than in Ryan‐negative AECOPD patients. There were significant negative correlations between FEV1% and Ryan score (r = −0.394, P < 0.001), FEV1% and % time below pH threshold (r = −0.371, P < 0.001) in upright position but not in supine position. There was no significant correlation between RSI and Ryan score parameters. There were significant improvements in RSI, mMRC, CAT, and FEV1% in Ryan‐positive AECOPD patients after PPI and basic treatments.ConclusionStudy results indicate unreliability of RSI threshold for LPR diagnosis. Combination of symptoms, endoscopic findings, and 24‐hour Dx‐pH monitoring is recommended for LPR diagnosis and PPI treatment decisions, especially in difficult‐to‐control or severe COPD patients.
Transplant outcomes using kidneys from high KDPI acute kidney injury donors
Authors: Jadlowiec Caroline C. , Hanna Wael A. , Ninan Jacob , Ryan Margaret S. , Das Devika M. , Smith Maxwell , Khamash Hasan , Mathur Amit K. , Singer Andrew , Moss Adyr , Reddy Kunam S. , Heilman Raymond L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKidney transplant (KT) outcomes from high kidney donor profile index (KDPI ≥85%) donors with acute kidney injury (AKI) remain underreported. KT from 172 high KDPI Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) stage 0‐1 donors and 76 high KDPI AKIN stage 2‐3 donors from a single center were retrospectively assessed. The AKIN 2‐3 cohort had more delayed graft function (71% vs. 37%, p < .001). At one year, there were no differences in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (44 ± 17 vs. 46 ± 18, p = .42) or fibrosis on protocol biopsy (ci, p = .85). Donor terminal creatinine (p = .59) and length of delayed graft function (p = .39) did not impact one‐year eGFR. There were more primary nonfunction (PNF) events in the high KDPI AKIN 2‐3 group (5.3% vs. 0.6%, p = .02). With a median follow‐up of 3.8 years, one‐year death‐censored graft failure was 3.5% for AKIN 0‐1 and 14.5% for AKIN 2‐3 (HR 2.40, 95% CI 1.24‐4.63, p = .01). Although AKIN stage 2‐3 high KDPI kidneys had comparable one‐year eGFR to AKIN stage 0‐1 high KDPI kidneys, there were more PNF occurrences and one‐year death‐censored graft survival was reduced. Given these findings, additional precautions should be undertaken when assessing and utilizing kidneys from severe AKI high KDPI donors.
Occurrence of Erysiphecorylacearum causing powdery mildew of Corylusavellana in Romania
Authors: Chinan Vasilică‐Claudiu , Mânzu Ciprian C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractErysiphe corylacearum, a species of powdery mildew that parasitizes on Corylus spp., has been detected for the first time in Romania. Shortly after the first European record of this pathogen from Ukraine, it was found in many locations throughout the Romanian Carpathians. Disease symptoms on Corylus avellana, morphological characteristics and molecular data (rDNA internal transcribed spacer region) of this pathogen are provided.
Accidents alter animal fitness landscapes
Authors: Wheatley Rebecca , Buettel Jessie C. , Brook Barry W. , Johnson Christopher N. , Wilson Rory P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnimals alter their habitat use in response to the energetic demands of movement (‘energy landscapes’) and the risk of predation (‘the landscape of fear’). Recent research suggests that animals also select habitats and move in ways that minimise their chance of temporarily losing control of movement and thereby suffering slips, falls, collisions or other accidents, particularly when the consequences are likely to be severe (resulting in injury or death). We propose that animals respond to the costs of an ‘accident landscape’ in conjunction with predation risk and energetic costs when deciding when, where, and how to move in their daily lives. We develop a novel theoretical framework describing how features of physical landscapes interact with animal size, morphology, and behaviour to affect the risk and severity of accidents, and predict how accident risk might interact with predation risk and energetic costs to dictate movement decisions across the physical landscape. Future research should focus on testing the hypotheses presented here for different real‐world systems to gain insight into the relative importance of theorised effects in the field.
δ114/110Cd Values of a Suite of Different Reference Materials
Authors: Lu Zhuo , Zhu Jian‐Ming , Tan Decan , Wang Xiangli , Zheng Zhibin 
Published: March 2021

The δ114/110Cd values of thirty‐four environmental and geological reference materials, including rocks, sediments, soils and biological samples, were determined on a Neptune Plus MC‐ICP‐MS instrument using a 111Cd‐113Cd double spike technique. An intermediate measurement precision of better than ± 0.074‰ (2s) was achieved with different reference materials (RMs) of highly variable matrices and Cd contents. The uncertainty of δ114/110Cd values was assessed by calculating the 95% confidence interval of the results from this study and the literature using Student's t‐test. Our measurements of nine previously analysed RMs yielded δ114/110Cd values that were indistinguishable from previous results. New reference values for the thirty‐four geological and biological RMs are reported here. The comprehensive data set for these RMs provides guidelines for quality assurance and inter‐laboratory comparison for Cd isotope determination. The large range of δ114/110Cd values in rock (−0.001 to +0.287‰) and biological RMs (−0.806 to +0.142‰) suggests that Cd isotope ratio measurement results are a useful tool to study biogeochemical processes.
Optimizing Multiwell Aquifer Storage and Recovery Systems for Energy Use and Recovery Efficiency
Authors: Majumdar Saheli , Miller Gretchen R. , Sheng Zhuping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs more aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) systems are employed for management of water resources, the skillful operation of multiwell ASR systems has become very important to improve their performance. In this study, we developed MODFLOW and MT3DMS models to simulate a multiwell ASR system in a synthetic aquifer to assess effects of hydrogeological and operational factors on the performance of the multiwell ASR system. We evaluated a simplified (dual well) ASR system in comparison with complex system (three‐, four‐, five‐, and seven‐well systems). Recovery and energy efficiencies were calculated using the model simulations. Factors such as higher hydraulic conductivity and longitudinal dispersivity significantly reduced the recovery and energy efficiencies of the system. In contrast, increasing the volume of recharged water increased the recovery efficiency; however, the energy efficiency was reduced. Recovery and energy efficiencies also plummet when there is an increase in the underlying regional gradient and the designed storage duration. Operating the system multiple times can yield higher volume of potable water, but the energy efficiency may not vary significantly after the second operating cycle. Single‐well systems and multiwell systems exhibit similar responses to changes in physical factors, although operational factors have a more pronounced effect on the multiwell systems. One of the major findings was that fewer wells in a multiwell ASR system can yield higher volume of potable water and better output with respect to the electrical power being consumed. The results provide design engineers with guidelines for optimizing performance of the multiwell ASR systems.