bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de los trabajadores por los clientes: Reputación digital y Reglamento General de Protección de Datos de la UE
Authors: TODOLÍ SIGNES Adrián 
Published: April 2021

ResumenLa evaluación de los trabajadores por parte de los clientes y empleadores y su publicación en internet plantean retos en el ordenamiento jurídico actual de la Unión Europea (UE). Los trabajadores sometidos a tales evaluaciones están expuestos a un grado de vigilancia de su trabajo mucho más intenso que los trabajadores tradicionales. El fenómeno surge a partir de la adopción de una perspectiva del cliente, que trata de hacer el trabajo observable en todo momento sin costo para la empresa. El autor analiza a este respecto el Reglamento General de Protección de Datos de la Unión Europea, que establece restricciones muy específicas en cuanto a la recopilación y publicación de información sobre los trabajadores.
Developing critical thinking skills for delivering optimal care
Authors: Scott Ian A. , Hubbard Ruth E. , Crock Carmel , Campbell Thomas , Perera Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHealthcare systems across the world are challenged with problems of misdiagnosis, non‐beneficial care, unwarranted practice variation and inefficient or unsafe practice. In countering these shortcomings, clinicians must be able to think critically, interpret and assimilate new knowledge, deal with uncertainty and change behaviour in response to compelling new evidence. Three critical thinking skills underpin effective care: clinical reasoning, evidence‐informed decision‐making and systems thinking. It is important to define these skills explicitly, explain their rationales, describe methods of instruction and provide examples of optimal application. Educational methods for developing and refining these skills must be embedded within all levels of clinician training and continuing professional development.
Thinking Beyond Generations: On the Future of Revolution Theory
Authors: Beck Colin J. , Ritter Daniel P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA recent exchange between Allinson (2019) and Abrams (2019) on the current state of revolution theory rests on the assumption that the generational, backward‐looking view of revolution studies is also a fruitful way of thinking of the field's present and future. We argue, in contrast, that while a generational approach has important benefits, it also contains shortcomings that may lead the future of revolution studies in less fruitful directions. We examine where an overreliance on generational thinking has led us, provide an exploratory sketch of how we can begin to move beyond generational thinking, and imagine a new future for the study of revolution.
Crimes of passion: When romantic obsession leads to abusive relationships
Authors: Bélanger Jocelyn J. , Collier Katherine E. , Nisa Claudia F. , Schumpe Birga M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis research examines the relationship between passion for a romantic partner and obsessive relational intrusion (ORI) which is defined as repeated and unwanted behaviors toward a partner that invade his/her personal privacy and cause fear for his/her safety.MethodBased on the dualistic model of passion, we predicted that obsessive passion (OP) would be associated with fear of abandonment, which in turn would be associated with ORI. In contrast, harmonious passion (HP) should not be associated with ORI.ResultsFour studies (N = 1257) supported these predictions. Study 1 found cross‐sectional support for these hypotheses from the victim's perspective. Study 2 replicated Study 1 and extended it to the perpetrator's perspective by demonstrating that the relationship between passion and ORI is mediated by fear of abandonment. Study 3 replicated these findings using an experimental manipulation of passion. Study 4 found similar results by experimentally manipulating fear of abandonment, the mediator, to demonstrate its causal influence on ORI.ConclusionsTaken together, the present results demonstrate that passion and fear of abandonment play an important role in the type of behavior people are willing to pursue to maintain their romantic relationship.
The influence of living conditions and individual behaviors on the oral‐systemic disease connection: a cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Kaura Parbhakar Kamini , Farmer Julie W. , Quiñonez Carlos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the extent to which living conditions and individual behaviors influence the association between oral health status and systemic disease outcomes in Ontario, Canada's most populated province.MethodsA secondary data analysis of Ontario data from the Canadian Community. Health Survey 2013/14 was undertaken. Separate analyses were conducted for participants aged 35–59 years (n = 11,858) and 60+ years (n = 11,273). A series of regression models were constructed to examine the association between self‐reported oral health status and systemic disease outcomes (arthritis, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and stroke). Models were adjusted by proxies of living conditions (income, education, ethnicity, country of birth, employment, and food security) and individual behaviors (smoking status, alcohol use, tooth brushing, life stress, physical activity, sense of belonging). Percent attenuation between models was calculated to determine the extent of the living condition‐behavior impact.ResultsIn both age groups, the prevalence of arthritis and high blood pressure was the highest, followed by heart disease. There was variation in percent attenuation by age group and outcome. Among participants aged 35–59 years, living conditions had a greater impact on the oral‐systemic relationship, while individual behaviors played a greater role in this association among adults aged 60+ years.ConclusionThere is an association between oral and systemic diseases; however, after accounting for living conditions and individual behaviors, this relationship was attenuated. This highlights the need to address upstream and midstream factors that are common to oral and systemic conditions.
Functional status in rural and urban adults: The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: John Philip St. , Menec Verena , Tate Robert , Newall Nancy , O'Connell Megan , Cloutier Denise 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo document the prevalence of functional impairment in middle‐aged and older adults from rural regions and to determine urban‐rural differences.MethodsWe have conducted a secondary analysis using data from an ongoing population‐based cohort study, the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). We used a cross‐sectional sample from the baseline wave of the “tracking cohort.” The definition of rurality was the same as the one used in the CLSA sampling frame and based on the 2006 census. This definition includes rural areas, defined as all territory lying outside of population centers, and population centers, which collectively cover all of Canada. We grouped these into “Urban,” “Peri‐urban,” “Mixed” (areas with both rural and urban areas), and “Rural,” and compared functional status across these groups. Functional status was measured using the Older Americans Resource Survey (OARS) and categorized as not impaired versus having any functional impairment. Logistic regression models were constructed for the outcome of functional status and adjusted for covariates.FindingsNo differences were found in functional status between those living in rural, mixed, peri‐urban, and urban areas in unadjusted analyses and in analyses adjusting for sociodemographic and health‐related factors. There were no rural‐urban differences in any of the individual items on the OARS scales.ConclusionsWe found no rural‐urban differences in functional status.
Cross‐ownership and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Bárcena‐Ruiz Juan Carlos , Sagasta Amagoia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces corporate social responsibility (CSR) into a quantity‐setting duopoly with cross‐participation at ownership level. One firm is fully owned by its shareholder, who also owns a minority participation in the rival firm (controlling shareholder). We analyze the shareholders’ strategic choice of whether to engage their firms in CSR or not. We find that high levels of cross‐ownership discourage the controlling shareholder from engaging his/her firm in CSR. When the level of cross‐ownership is low enough, in equilibrium both firms care about CSR, but the controlling shareholder makes his/her firm less concerned with CSR than the shareholder who runs the rival firm. We also find that, contrary to the usual result, when firms are concerned with social issues the controlling shareholder obtains a lower income than the other shareholder.
Entrustable professional activities in entry‐level health professional education: A scoping review
Authors: Bramley Andrea Louise , McKenna Lisa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEntrustable professional activities (EPAs) are a recent enhancement to competency‐based health professional education that describe the observable work done by a competent health professional. Through defining education outcomes in a work‐based context, EPAs offer potential to identify skill gaps in individual or student cohorts and focus improvements. Entrustable professional activities have been pioneered and gained rapid acceptance in postgraduate medical education; however, less is known about their application and use in undergraduate or entry‐level health professional education. The Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology was used to explore how and in what context EPAs are being used in entry‐level health professional education. Databases searched include CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsycINFO. A total of 748 abstracts were returned after duplicates removed, and 127 full‐text articles were screened with 30 included for data extraction. Publications in this area have recently accelerated with disciplines of professions of medicine, pharmacy, dietetics and physician assistants reporting on EPA development, implementation and evaluation. EPA use has been reported in the United States, Canada, Europe Australia and Central America. Major motivation reported for EPA use is to improve patient safety by aligning performance and expectations and to improve student assessment. Several studies report on the use of EPAs to evaluate different curriculum models or identify curriculum gaps representing potential application in education research.
Meso‐scale modeling of chloride diffusivity in mortar subjected to corrosion‐induced cracking
Authors: Qiu Qiwen , Dai Jian‐Guo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a methodology for numerically simulating the chloride diffusivity in mortar subjected to corrosion‐induced cracking with the aid of X‐ray microcomputed tomography (X‐ray µCT). In the research, the mortar sample with embedded steel rod was subjected to accelerated corrosion and then scanned by X‐ray µCT at consecutive corrosion periods of 0, 1,000, and 2,000 minutes. Upon the scanned CT images, a meso‐scale model consisting of multiple material phases with their intrinsic structures was built up and implemented into a finite element method for diffusion simulation. In the numerical simulation, the effects of multiple phases (void, crack, aggregate, rust, and interfacial transition zone between cement and aggregate) on the chloride diffusion of mortar are studied. Since the X‐ray µCT facilitates accurate local material information in time‐dependent and in situ manner, the diffusivity of mortar under different corrosion time and its spatial distribution characteristics (e.g., at different locations from the mortar surface) can be evaluated.
Impact of a sleep promotion protocol on off‐pump coronary artery bypass graft patients
Authors: Chen Lin , Zheng Jing , Lv Shanshan , Li Baobao , Yang Lijuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSleep abnormalities frequently occur in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and the consequences of sleep abnormalities in patients who undergo off‐pump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCABG) surgery are particularly significant. Although many interventions have been reported to improve sleep, few sleep promotion protocols have been designed specifically for patients in cardiac ICUs.Aims and objectivesThis study aimed to explore the effects of an evidence‐based sleep promotion protocol on patients who underwent OPCABG in a cardiac ICU.DesignA quasi‐experimental study was conducted in a comprehensive hospital in Shandong province of China.MethodsOverall, 67 participants were recruited (37 in the control group and 30 in the intervention group). An evidence‐based sleep promotion protocol was developed by a 10‐member interprofessional collaborative team and then applied. Sound levels, light intensity, and the number of nocturnal interventions were compared between groups. The Chinese version of the Richards−Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) was used to compare intergroup sleep status on two consecutive postoperative nights.ResultsNo significant differences were found for demographics or disease severity between the groups. In the intervention group, sound levels and light intensity were significantly lower at various times, and nocturnal interventions were significantly less frequent over the two consecutive nights. RCSQ scores were significantly higher in the intervention group for both nights.ConclusionsThe sleep promotion protocol reduced sound levels, night‐time light intensity, the number of nocturnal interventions, and improved sleep among OPCABG patients in a cardiac ICU.Relevance to clinical practiceEvidence‐based practice can help to promote good quality of care, improve patient outcomes, and advance nursing in clinical settings.
Perioperative management and considerations in pediatric patients with connective tissue disorders undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Berger Jessica A. , Huh Dana D. , Lee Teresa , Wadia Rajeev S. , Bembea Melania M. , Goswami Dheeraj K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMarfan syndrome and Loeys‐Dietz syndrome are connective tissue disorders associated with cardiac and vascular disease. Patients often require surgical repair, but limited data exist to describe their perioperative management.AimsOur goals were to review the perioperative features of patients with Marfan and Loeys‐Dietz syndrome that may affect anesthesia care and to describe the differences in preoperative clinical characteristics and intra‐operative anesthetic management.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with Marfan and Loeys‐Dietz syndrome who underwent cardiac surgery at a single institution. We collected demographic and perioperative data from the electronic medical record and performed descriptive statistics to characterize the patient populations and describe their anesthetic management.ResultsIn 71 patients (40 Marfan, 31 Loeys‐Dietz), we found significant differences between the Marfan and Loeys‐Dietz patients in airway difficulty, preoperative weight, blood utilization, valvular disease, and age at first cardiac surgery. Patients with Loeys‐Dietz syndrome had higher preoperative rates of severe noncardiac comorbidities, including gastroesophageal reflux and asthma that required chronic medical therapy.ConclusionsDespite undergoing similar surgical procedures, patients with Marfan and Loeys‐Dietz syndrome have different intrinsic patient characteristics and comorbidities that may affect their perioperative care. This retrospective cohort study identified some factors, but additional collection and reporting of patient data based on multicenter experience are essential for the ongoing optimization of perioperative care in these patient populations.
Intestinal outcome of bone marrow transplantation for monogenic inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Morita Mari , Takeuchi Ichiro , Kato Motohiro , Migita Ohsuke , Jimbo Keisuke , Shimizu Hirotaka , Yoshimura Satoshi , Tomizawa Daisuke , Shimizu Toshiaki , Hata Kenichiro , Ishiguro Akira , Arai Katsuhiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSome monogenic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are known to be refractory to conventional treatments. Although allogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) has become a curative therapeutic option for certain monogenic IBDs, its effectiveness regarding endoscopic improvements has not been clarified.MethodsThe clinical course and endoscopic findings of patients with monogenic IBDs who were treated with allo‐HSCT between December 2017 and November 2018 at the National Center for Child Health and Development, were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical disease activity was assessed using the weighted Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (wPCDAI) and the endoscopic finding was evaluated using the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease (SES‐CD). Clinical remission was defined as a wPCDAI <10 and endoscopic remission was defined as an SES‐CD of 2 or less.ResultsFour patients with severe monogenic IBDs, including three with X‐linked inhibitors of apoptosis protein (XIAP) deficiency and one with interleukin‐10 signaling defect, were treated with allo‐HSCT with reduced‐intensity conditioning. In four patients, the maximum scores of wPCDAI and SES‐CD before allo‐HSCT ranged from 67.5 to 120 and 20 to 34, respectively. After allo‐HSCT, all four patients showed a significant improvement in intestinal inflammation and achieved both clinical and endoscopic remission. Although patients with XIAP deficiency presented with post‐transplant hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and a relatively late engraftment, all patients achieved prolonged clinical remission, and IBD medications were successfully discontinued in all patients.ConclusionAllo‐HSCT for monogenic IBD resulted in complete clinical resolution with endoscopically confirmed mucosal healing.
Empirically defining the preclinical stages of the Alzheimer's continuum in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Authors: Kiselica Andrew M. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association published new research criteria defining the Alzheimer's continuum (AC) by the presence of positive amyloid‐β biomarkers. Symptom severity of those on the AC is staged across six levels, including two preclinical stages (stages 1 and 2). AC stage 2 is defined by the presence of at least one of the following: (i) transitional cognitive decline; (ii) subjective cognitive decline; or (iii) neurobehavioural symptoms. In contrast, AC stage 1 is defined by the absence of symptoms.MethodsInitial empirical definitions for each symptom class were developed. These empirical criteria were then applied in a sample of 285 cognitively normal, amyloid‐positive individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative for purposes of AC stage 1 and 2 classification.ResultsIn this sample, 56.10% of participants were asymptomatic and classified as AC stage 1. In contrast, 42.46% of individuals were positive for at least one symptom class: 22.11% for transitional cognitive decline, 20.35% for subjective cognitive decline, and 14.74% for neurobehavioural symptoms. AC stage was a predictor of cognitive/functional decline over 4 years of follow up in a longitudinal growth model (B = 0.33, P < 0.001).ConclusionsResults provide a methodology to operationalize the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association AC stage 1 and 2 criteria and include preliminary evidence of the validity of this approach. The methods outlined in this manuscript can be used to test hypotheses regarding prodromal Alzheimer's disease, as well as implemented in clinical trial selection procedures.
Dialectic and Metaphysical Skepticism in Jacob Anatoli
Authors: Halper Yehuda 
Published: April 2021

AbstractJacob Anatoli (c. 1181–c. 1247 CE) would seem an unlikely skeptic. As the Hebrew translator responsible for bringing a complete program of Aristotelian logic to European Jewry, he is an unlikely skeptic of science. As author of one of the most influential medieval commentaries on the Bible, he is an unlikely skeptic of religious belief. Still, he advances arguments against the possibility of certain knowledge of both Aristotelian science and the tenets of belief. Yet, he does not recommend that thoughtful people reject science and uncritically adopt religious beliefs in the face of uncertainty. Nor does Anatoli recommend a suspension of judgement (epoche) that would allow for freedom from worry (ataraxia) or tranquility. Instead, he pushes constant dialogue, even debate between competing claims to knowledge. The life of the mind that Anatoli recommends, then, is a dialectical interrogation of science and religion that provides not freedom and tranquility but intellectual disquiet and toil.
Retrospective assessment of radiation toxicity from a definitive‐intent, moderately hypofractionated image‐guided intensity‐modulated protocol for anal sac adenocarcinoma in dogs
Authors: Körner Maximilian , Staudinger Chris , Meier Valeria , Rohrer Bley Carla 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA recent calculation study predicted acceptable toxicity in pelvic organs at risk for a new definitive‐intent, moderately hypofractionated radiation therapy (RT) protocol (12 x 3.8 Gy), when used with image‐guided intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IG‐IMRT). We hypothesized this protocol to result in clinically acceptable radiation toxicities. Dogs diagnosed with and irradiated for anal sac adenocarcinoma (ASAC) were retrospectively assessed. Eleven dogs were included, six had prior surgery. Before any therapy, staging according to Polton et al. resulted in the following distribution: stage 1 (n = 1), stage 2 (n = 1), stage 3a (n = 6), stage 3b (n = 3). We scored radiation toxicities at the end of therapy, at weeks 1, 3 and every 3 months after RT according to Veterinary Radiation Therapy Oncology Group radiation toxicity criteria. Clinical follow‐up was maintained on regular intervals combined with computed tomography (n = 3). Median follow‐up time for dogs still alive was 594 days (range: 224–972 days). Within 1 week post treatment, eight dogs (73%) developed grade 2 and four dogs (36%) grade 1 acute toxicity in the perianal region. All acute toxicities resolved or improved to grade 1 within 3 weeks after treatment. Late toxicity, for example, chronic colitis/diarrhoea, ulcerations, strictures or myelopathies was not observed in any patient. Five dogs were euthanized 105, 196, 401, 508 and 908 days after RT and six dogs were still alive, one in spite of progressive disease. The median progression‐free survival was 908 days (95%CI: 215; 1602). The previous theoretically described definitive‐intent, moderately hypofractionated protocol using IG‐IMRT for the treatment of advanced ASAC showed clinically acceptable acute and late toxicities.
Monglish in post‐communist Mongolia
Authors: Tankosić Ana , Dovchin Sender 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article examines the emerging language practice in post‐communist Mongolia that we call ‘new Monglish’ – complex linguistic processes in which English may be deeply absorbed and integrated into the Mongolian language. The original forms of English have transformed as the Mongolian social media users manipulate English to function in the space of relocalisation – the linguistic process which is re‐adapted to the local context to yield new local meanings. This English relocalisation process has adjusted to Mongolian alphabetical and grammatical systems and is yielding new meanings understandable only to the speakers of Mongolian. English has been integrated into the Cyrillic and transliterated Roman Mongolian scripts, full Mongolian sentences, and the Mongolian grammatical, phonetic, lexical, semantic, and syntactic systems. Such relocalisation of English makes it a part of the local language rather than a separate system.