bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recitation and Chant
Authors: Martani Sandra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Music plays an important role in Byzantine culture; however, only the melodies used in the sacred services have been preserved. Two main types of neumatic notation are used in liturgical books: the lectionary (or ekphonetic) notation—intended to guide the cantillation of the Scriptures—and the melodic notation, used to sing a variety of properly melodic chants. While ekphonetic notation appears in a considerable number of sources dating from the eighth century to the fourteenth/fifteenth centuries, scholars have not yet managed to decipher it. Signs recording musical elements are attested from the sixth century, but it is only from the mid-tenth century that articulated notational systems appear. Until about the mid-twelfth century, two main melodic notations, both adiastematic, were used: the so-called Chartres and Coislin notations. In its development, the Coislin notation leads to a new diastematic system, the so-called Middle Byzantine notation. However, the full diastemacy would be attained only with the Chrysanthos reform at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Melodic notation was used in different hymnographic genres, both syllabic and melismatic, and in psalmic texts. Theoretical treatises provide explanations on the rules needed to combine the neumes. From the fourteenth century onward, a new style appears and develops under the influence of a new aesthetic and of the Hesychastic movement—the καλοφωνία (beautiful voicing). In new or revisited compositions, music is privileged over text and the notation multiplies its μεγάλα σημάδια (big signs) to create a new meaning, a purely melodic one.
Armenian
Authors: van Lint Theo Maarten 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Evidence for the use of Greek by Armenians dates from the Hellenistic period, when Greek and Aramaic were court languages. The first written translations from Greek into Armenian were made much later, from the fifth century ce onward, when an alphabet for the Armenian language was devised (c. 405), following the adoption of Christianity in probably c. 314. The Bible and patristic texts were translated from Syriac and Greek, followed by liturgical and philosophical texts, as well as ecclesiastical documents, such as council canons and correspondence with church dignitaries. Education in the Eastern Mediterranean schools provided a matrix for the inculturation of religious and secular texts written in Greek. Some of the texts preserved in Armenian reflect either a more ancient redaction than the oldest preserved Greek manuscripts, or represent witnesses to texts no longer extant in Greek. Attention is given in this sub-chapter to translation techniques and their potential correlation to Antiochene and Alexandrian exegesis, as well as Christological disputes. In assessing the justification for the often-used term “Hellenizing School”, it is emphasized that the heightened or lesser levels of Grecisms deployed in translations and original works varied over time and location. The sub-chapter discusses further types of texts translated from Greek, such as pseudepigrapha, apocrypha, texts related to the trivium and quadrivium, and legal texts. It pays attention also to translation through intermediary languages such as Syriac and Georgian, and to Armenian texts into Greek. Suggestions for further reading and a bibliography complete the sub-chapter.
Slavic
Authors: Ivanov Sergey A. , Turilov Anatolii 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The chapter surveys the vast corpus of Slavonic texts translated from Greek, a corpus which may not be regarded as a footprint of Byzantine literature. The Slavs mostly disregarded secular genres, with the exception of chronicles; they valued liturgical and hagiographic writings higher than theological and mystical ones, preferring Apocrypha above all. Sometimes, the texts that barely attracted the attention of the Byzantines themselves enjoyed high popularity in the Slavic world; on other occasions, literary pieces, when translated, circulated in genre frameworks, drastically different from the Byzantine ones. From the point of view of Byzantine literature, Slavic literature is important evidence of the scope and character of Byzantium’s cultural influence and offers a reservoir of texts that did not survive in their originals, or survived as Slavonic copies or redactions, more ample and ancient than the existing Greek versions.
Theory of Literature
Authors: Papaioannou Stratis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present chapter introduces the immense body of theory on literature produced in Byzantium. It focuses on three questions: (1) Where does one encounter Byzantine literary theory? Such theory is found in manuals, textbooks, commentaries, and related works written in the context of discursive education, as well as in “para-texts” (titles, colophons, dedicatory epigrams, and the like) and in “meta-texts” (such as theoretical statements about literature within Byzantine texts). (2) What are the main features and major preoccupations of Byzantine literary theory? Here, the emphasis on prescription is highlighted, but also the absence of any comprehensive or totalizing aesthetics, and thus the presence of a multiplicity of ideologies and aesthetic preferences. And (3) what are the notions of “literature” that emerge? In regard to this, the chapter offers a case study by tracing Byzantine approaches toward a key concept in modern literary theorization, namely fiction or fictionality.
New candidates for AM Canum Venaticorum stars among ASAS-SN transients
Authors: Kato Taichi , Kojiguchi Naoto 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We studied Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) light curves of 34 dwarf nova candidates discovered by the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) between 2020 May 12 and September 9 and found six AM CVn-type candidates. All objects showed short outbursts (post-superoutburst rebrightenings) on the fading tail. Two objects (ASASSN-20eq, ASASSN-20la) showed double superoutbursts. Three objects (ASASSN-20jt, ASASSN-20ke, and ASASSN-20lr) showed short superoutbursts (5–6 d). These features in the light curve can be used in discriminating AM CVn-type candidates from hydrogen-rich systems. In contrast to hydrogen-rich systems, some object did not show red color excess during the rebrightening or fading tail phase. We interpret that this is due to the higher ionization temperature in helium disks. Two objects had long (likely) supercycles: ASASSN-20gx (8.5 yr) and ASASSN-20lr (7 yr). We provide a scheme for identifying AM CVn-type candidates based on the light curve characteristics.
Characterization of Chromatin Accessibility and Gene Expression upon Cold Stress Reveals that the RAV1 Transcription Factor Functions in Cold Response inVitis Amurensis
Authors: Ren Chong , Li Huayang , Wang Zemin , Dai Zhanwu , Lecourieux Fatma , Kuang Yangfu , Xin Haiping , Li Shaohua , Liang Zhenchang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCold tolerance is regulated by a variety of transcription factors (TFs) and their target genes. Except for the well-characterized C-repeat binding factors (CBFs)-dependent transcriptional cascade, the mechanisms of cold tolerance mediated by other transcriptional regulatory networks are still largely unknown. Here, we used the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA-seq to identify cold responsive TFs in Vitis amurensis, a grape species with high cold hardiness. Nine TFs, including CBF4, RAV1 and ERF104, were identified after cold treatment. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these TFs may regulate cold response through different pathways. As a prime candidate TF, overexpression of VaRAV1 in grape cells improved its cold tolerance. The transgenic cells exhibited low electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content and high peroxidase activity. Moreover, the TF gene TCP8 and a gene involving in homogalacturonan biosynthesis were found to be regulated by VaRAV1, suggesting that the contribution of VaRAV1 to cold tolerance may be achieved by enhancing the stability of cell membrane and regulating the expression of target genes involved in plant cell wall composition. Our work provides novel insights into plant response to cold stress and demonstrates the utility of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq for the rapid identification of TFs in response to cold stress in grapevine. VaRAV1 may play an important role in adaption to cold stress.
The Contribution of Adverse Childhood Experiences to Work-Related Stressors among Law Enforcement Officers
Authors: McDonald Amber R , Prost Stephanie Grace , Plassmeyer Mark , Oehme Karen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective: explore the role of law enforcement officers (LEOs) experiences of early adversity on work-related stress. Data/methods: LEOs were invited to participate in a data collection effort connected to a marketed LEO prevention toolkit on domestic violence (n = 247). Linear regression models were run to identify variables associated with work-related stress. Variables such as demographics, social behaviours, and other job-related factors were controlled for during analysis. Results: mean Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) score of sample participants = 4.64; 95% of participants reported experiencing at least one ACE. ACEs are an important factor in later officer stress but is not significant when post-traumatic stress (PTS) is introduced to the regression models. ACEs, PST, and alcohol use are main explanatory variables of interest. Conclusions/implications: Out of our main variables of interest, ACEs were associated with LEO work-related stress, but the impact was blunted by PTS. PTS remained the only statistically significant variable associated with LEO work-related stress at the completion of analysis. ACEs have long been associated with development of PTS; thus, future research may explore how ACEs contribute to LEOs development of PTS.
Assessing the Effects of a Transformational Leadership Training Programme within the Catalan Police Force
Authors: Aymerich Núria , Batista-Foguet Joan Manuel , Velasco Ferran , Rueff-Lopes Rita , Marques-Quinteiro Pedro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch shows that transformational leadership trainings can be beneficial even in highly hierarchical organizations. However, little is known about their enduring effects on such organizations when operating under social and political pressure. This study aims to evaluate a 3-month transformational leadership training programme in the Catalan police force, a programme that was designed and implemented in a period of extreme social and political upheaval. This study follows a quasi-experimental single group pre–post design, with three non-equivalent dependent variables as proxy counterfactuals. The training was delivered to police inspectors (N = 30). Leader assessments from subordinates (N = 129) were collected through the MLQ-5X questionnaire before the training (pre-test) and one year after the training (post-test). The quantitative analysis revealed that the training had a positive impact on four transformational leadership dimensions and in all leadership performance indicators. Some counter-theoretical results are discussed in the light of the social and political context of the study.
Transcriptome analysis reveals key genes modulated by ALK5 inhibition in a bleomycin model of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Decato Benjamin E , Ammar Ron , Reinke-Breen Lauren , Thompson John R , Azzara Anthony V 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveSSc is a rheumatic autoimmune disease affecting roughly 20 000 people worldwide and characterized by excessive collagen accumulation in the skin and internal organs. Despite the high morbidity and mortality associated with SSc, there are no approved disease-modifying agents. Our objective in this study was to explore transcriptomic and model-based drug discovery approaches for SSc.MethodsIn this study, we explored the molecular basis for SSc pathogenesis in a well-studied mouse model of scleroderma. We profiled the skin and lung transcriptomes of mice at multiple timepoints, analysing the differential gene expression that underscores the development and resolution of bleomycin-induced fibrosis.ResultsWe observed shared expression signatures of upregulation and downregulation in fibrotic skin and lung tissue, and observed significant upregulation of key pro-fibrotic genes including GDF15, Saa3, Cxcl10, Spp1 and Timp1. To identify changes in gene expression in responses to anti-fibrotic therapy, we assessed the effect of TGF-β pathway inhibition via oral ALK5 (TGF-β receptor I) inhibitor SB525334 and observed a time-lagged response in the lung relative to skin. We also implemented a machine learning algorithm that showed promise at predicting lung function using transcriptome data from both skin and lung biopsies.ConclusionThis study provides the most comprehensive look at the gene expression dynamics of an animal model of SSc to date, provides a rich dataset for future comparative fibrotic disease research, and helps refine our understanding of pathways at work during SSc pathogenesis and intervention.
Using environmental sampling to evaluate the effectiveness of decontamination methods to reduce detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus RNA on feed manufacturing surfaces
Authors: Muckey Mary B , Jones Cassandra K , Woodworth Jason C , Paulk Chad B , Dritz Steve S , Gebhardt Jordan T 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPorcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a possible biological hazard in feed mills. If the virus enters a feed mill, it becomes widely distributed and is difficult to decontaminate from both feed contact and non-feed contact surfaces. The objective of this study was to evaluate a variety of liquid and dry decontamination treatments that could be used to reduce the amount of PEDV found on feed manufacturing surfaces. This experiment was designed as a 5 × 10 factorial with five different feed manufacturing surfaces and 10 decontamination treatments with three replicates of each combination. Surfaces included stainless steel, solid polyethylene, woven polypropylene tote bag, rubber, and sealed concrete coupons. One mL (1×105 TCID50/mL) of stock PEDV was applied to each surface and allowed to dry completely for 60 min. Next, for decontamination requiring surface application, the application was performed and allowed 15 min contact time. The quantity of PEDV RNA was determined using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. A decontamination treatment × surface interaction was observed (P &lt; 0.0001), indicating the efficacy of treatment is dependent upon the surface in which it is applied. Within the cement surfaces, the sodium hypochlorite resulted in the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) cycle threshold (Ct) value, followed by formaldehyde which had a greater (P &lt; 0.05) Ct value compared to remaining treatments. Within polyethylene, rubber, and stainless steel surfaces, the formaldehyde treated surfaces had the greatest Ct values (P &lt; 0.05), followed by the sodium hypochlorite treatment, with other treatments all having lower Ct values (P &lt; 0.05). For the woven polyethylene surfaces, the formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite treatments had greater Ct values compared to all other treatments (P &lt; 0.05). Additional research is necessary to identify the role of decontamination treatment on PEDV infectivity and develop methods for decontamination of feed manufacturing facilities.
The amino acid permease PpAAP1 mediates arginine transport in maritime pine
Authors: Llebrés María Teresa , Castro-Rodríguez Vanessa , Pascual María Belén , Avila Concepción , Cánovas Francisco M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Forest trees have access to diverse nitrogenous compounds in the soil such as ammonium, nitrate and amino acids. Recent progress has been made in the identification and characterization of ammonium and nitrate transporters. However, much more limited is our current knowledge of amino acid transport systems despite their relevance to fully understanding nitrogen nutrition in trees.
In the present study, we have identified 10 genes encoding putative amino acid permeases of the AAP family in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Four members of this family, PpAAP1, PpAAP2, PpAAP3 and PpAAP4 were phylogenetically related to AtAAP5, involved in arginine transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. One of these genes, PpAAP1, exhibited enhanced expression levels in maritime pine roots when arginine was externally supplied. PpAAP1 was functionally characterized by complementation of a yeast mutant strain defective in the transport of arginine, allowing yeast to take up [14C]-arginine with high affinity. Furthermore, PpAAP1 was able to restore the severely affected root uptake of arginine displayed by AtAAP5 T-DNA mutants. Uptake rates of 15N-labelled arginine were significantly higher in PpAAP1-overexpressing plants when compared to wild-type and AtAAP5 mutant plants. Taken together, our results indicate that PpAAP1 is a high-affinity arginine transporter in maritime pine.
XIV Modern Literature
Authors: Ross Shawna , Bratton Francesca , Keese Andrew , Binnie Georgina , Phillips Joshua , West Mark , Cooper Samuel , Stringfellow Sophie , Rodríguez Martín Gustavo A , Saunders Graham , Masud Noreen , Creasy Matthew , Alonso Alex , Quin Jack 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis chapter has eight sections 1. General; 2. Fiction Pre-1945; 3. Fiction Post-1945; 4. Drama Pre-1950; 5. Drama Post-1950; 6. British Poetry Pre-1950; 7. British Poetry Post-1950; 8. Modern Irish Poetry. Section 1 is by Shawna Ross; section 2(a) is by Francesca Bratton; Section 2(b) will resume in 2022; section 2(c) is by Georgina Binnie; section 2(d) is by Andrew Keese; section 2(e) is by Joshua Phillips; section 3(a) is by Mark West; section 3(b) is by Samuel Cooper; section 4(a) is by Sophie Stringfellow; section 4(b) is by Gustavo A. Rodríguez Martín; section 5 is by Graham Saunders; section 6(a) is by Noreen Masud; section 6(b) is by Matthew Creasy; section 7 is by Alex Alonso; section 8 is by Jack Quin.
First Report of Leaf Blight of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris) Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Minnesota, U.S.A.
Authors: Khan Mohamed F. R. , Bhuiyan Md. Ziaur Rahman , Liu Yangxi , Lakshman Dilip , Bloomquist Mark 
Published: July 2021

Minnesota is the top sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) producing state in the United States. In 2020, sugar beet plants were observed for the first time in which the two to three oldest leaves had light brown to dark brown necrotic leaf lesions that eventually became yellow or brown and died but remained attached to the plant. Morphological data and sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions identified the pathogen as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Because over 90% of the plants in identified fields were infected it was difficult to quantify loss in yield or quality caused by this disease. All fields with symptomatic plants had soybean or edible beans in the rotation. One field planted to several different varieties indicated that all the varieties were symptomatic. It will be useful to determine any economic loss caused by S. sclerotiorum and any known varietal resistance to this pathogen.
Surgical Treatment of a Bilateral Mandibular Fracture in a Patient with Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type III
Authors: Reece Mac Kenzie J. , Quillin Kyle , Homewood Tyler Jay , Bunevich Jared 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a group of genetic disorders affecting skeletal and connective tissue that commonly presents with a history of multiple fractures. In particular, Osteogenesis imperfecta type III is associated with severe bone deformities, specifically in the mandible with deformities such as mandibular overjet and cross-bite. We report a case of a bilateral mandibular fracture in a young adult diagnosed with Osteogenesis imperfecta type III, managed surgically with open reduction internal fixation.
Operational and Financial Impact of COVID-19: A Survey of Plastic Surgeons in Miami
Authors: Al Bayati Mahmood J. , Samaha Georges J. , Wo Luccie M. , Wolfe Erin M. , Samaha Mario J. , Kassira Wrood M. , Lessard Anne-Sophie 
Published: July 2021

Background:
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, new guidelines were issued cautioning against performing elective procedures. We aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on operational and financial aspects of plastic surgery in Miami.

Methods:
A multiple-choice and short-answer survey regarding practice changes and financial impact was sent to all 67 members of the Miami Society of Plastic Surgeons.

Results:
A 41.8% (n = 28) response rate was obtained, five responses did not meet the inclusion criteria, and statistical analysis was performed on 34.3% (n = 23) of responses. Of the plastic surgeons who responded, 21.74% operate in an academic setting, 60.87% are in a single practitioner private practice, and 17.39% are in a multi-practitioner private practice. An estimated 60% of academic plastic surgeons had 75% or more of their previously scheduled cases canceled, compared with 57.14% in single practitioner private practice and 100% in multi-practitioner private practice. In total, 64.29% of single practitioner private practices and 50% of multi-practitioner private practices have had to obtain a small business loan. Single practitioner private practice plastic surgeons reported having an average of 6.5 months until having to file for bankruptcy or permanently close their practices, and multi-practitioner private practice plastic surgeons reported an average of 6 months.

Conclusions:
Guidelines to support small business must be implemented in order to allow private practice surgeons to recover from the substantial economic impact caused by the pandemic because it is necessary to reestablish patient access and provide proper care to our patients.
Is Increased Intracranial Pressure a Factor in Persistent Headache After Coronavirus Disease 2019?
Authors: Altunisik Erman , Sut Suat Kamil , Sahin Sukru , Baykan Ali Haydar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine pain characteristics in patients with persistent headache after COVID-19 and to investigate the role of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in the pathogenesis of this headache. This is a case-control study comparing the parameters and measurements indicating increased ICP based on magnetic resonance imaging between COVID-19–diagnosed patients with persistent headache and a control group. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and eyeball transverse diameter (ETD) were performed on the left eye of each participant. Seventeen of the patients (53.12%) met the diagnostic criteria for new daily persistent headache. Seven patients (21.87%) had migraine, and eight (25%) had tension headache characteristics. No significant difference was observed between the patient and control groups in terms of the ONSD and ETD values. It is possible that the etiopathogenesis is multifactorial. We consider that future studies that will evaluate ICP measurements in large patient groups can present a different perspective for this subject.
Touchpoints
Authors: Koneri Lucy , Green Alexia , Gilder Richard E. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to reduce the turnover of new RNs (NRNs) completing a 1-year nurse residency program.

BACKGROUND
Businesses use touchpoints to retain both internal and external customers, yet no evidence was found in retaining NRNs. Touchpoints, distinct points in the company-customer experience, play a vital role in the customer's experience with the company. Employees are one of a company's many customer types.

METHODS
This quality-improvement project implemented touchpoints to improve NRN retention rates.

RESULTS
Retention rates and job-satisfaction scores were significantly higher among the touchpoint-intervention cohort compared with the nonintervention cohort. Implementation costs were far less than those associated with NRN turnover.

CONCLUSIONS
Touchpoints are a practical management approach for NRN retention.