bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Race and Nativity on Functional Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury Among Asian, Hispanic, and Non-Hispanic White Survivors in the United States: A NIDILRR TBI Model Systems Study
Authors: Kuerban Aliya , Dams-O'Connor Kristen 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
To compare the racial/ethnic differences in traumatic brain injury (TBI) recovery among Asians, Hispanics, and Whites, and explore the effect of nativity in the recovery process.

Setting:
Six Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS) centers.

Participants:
In total, 7953 patients who had at least 1 severe TBI between 2000 and 2016 were admitted to one of the TBIMS centers.

Design:
Secondary data analysis.

Main Measures:
Functional Independent Measure (FIM instrument) ratings.

Results:
Asians had the lowest injury severity at admission, but they failed to make the improvements made by the Hispanics and the Whites between the rehabilitation discharge and the 1-year follow-up. The magnitude of improvement made by the foreign-born Asians was less than that made by their native-born counterparts. Both Asian and the Hispanic groups had lower functional outcomes at the 1-year follow-up, and the differences in functional outcomes between the Asian and Hispanic groups were not statistically significant. The above racial/ethnic disparities in functional outcomes were not fully explained by differences in sociodemographic status, injury characteristics, and immigration-related factors. The effect of nativity was mediated by covariates.

Conclusions:
This study reveals racial/ethnic disparities post-TBI functional recovery. Despite lower injury severity and apparent financial resource advantages, Asians did not experience better functional outcomes. Although the effect of nativity was not established in this study, contextual factors related to ethnicity and immigration experiences should be further investigated.
Detection of circulating tumor cells as therapeutic markers in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma: A preliminary study
Authors: Kao Chien-Chang , Xu Ting , Yang Yung-Ning , Tsai Yi-Ta , Liu Shu-Yu , Wu Sheng-Tang , Meng En , Tsao Chih-Wei , Chen Chin-Li , Sun Guang-Huan , Yu Dah-Shyong , Chang Sun-Yran , Cha Tai-Lung , Yang Ming-Hsin 
Published: October 2021

Background:
This study aimed to investigate the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC).

Methods:
CTCs were isolated from 14 patients with PSCC, 6 patients with balanoposthitis, and 6 healthy individuals. CTCs were enriched based on cell surface markers and filtered through the IsoFlux device, followed by identification according to cell morphology and immunofluorescence studies.

Results:
CTCs were found in all PSCC blood samples but not in balanoposthitis samples and samples from healthy individuals. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed the tumor origin. When the patients with PSCC were stratified according to metastatic inguinal lymph node status, a statistically significant difference was observed in the number of detected CTCs.

Conclusion:
Our study showed that CTCs in PSCC may represent a valuable marker for differentiating PSCC from other tumors. Based on the correlation with some clinical parameters, CTC analysis is possibly relevant for noninvasive monitoring of disease progression and prognosis. The results also suggested a potential role of CTCs in preventing overtreatment, such as inguinal lymph node dissection.
Reducing Cardiovascular Risk for Patients With Diabetes: An Evidence-Based, Population Health Management Program
Authors: Levitz Carly , Jones Maggie , Nudelman Jean , Cox Michael , Camacho Diana , Wielunski Alexis , Rothman Michael , Tomlin Juliane , Jaffe Marc 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Those with diabetes are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Safety net clinics serve populations that bear a significant burden of disease and disparities and are a key setting in which to focus on reducing CVD. An integrated health system provided funding and technical assistance (TA) to safety net organizations (community health centers and public hospitals) in Northern California to decrease the risk of cardiovascular events for patients with diabetes. This was a program called Preventing Heart Attacks and Strokes Everyday (PHASE), which combined an evidence-based medication protocol with population health management and team-based care strategies. The TA supported organizations by sharing best practices, providing quality improvement coaching, and facilitating peer learning. A mixed-methods evaluation found that organizations involved in PHASE improved rates of blood pressure control and cardioprotective medication prescriptions for patients with diabetes. They made progress on these measures through strategies such as leveraging team-based care, providing education on evidence-based protocols, and using data to drive improvements. The evaluation concluded that financially supporting and providing focused TA to safety net organizations can help them build capacity and leverage their strengths to improve outcomes and potentially decrease the risk of heart attacks and strokes in communities.
Course Review
Authors: Dhillon Dharminder , Teklay Samuel , Li Zoe 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hand trauma encompasses a wide range of problems from amputations to complex fracture patterns, presenting the plastic surgeon with a number of unique challenges. The hand is of paramount importance to work and activities of daily living, therefore, restoration of normal function is critical to every patient.
The St. Thomas' Cadaveric Hand Trauma course is a 2-day interactive practical course that uses fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens to provide participants the opportunity to develop their skills in the management of common traumatic hand injuries. The course is held annually in London, United Kingdom at a cost of £600 GBP ($794). Here, we provide a critical evaluation of the course.
Cognitive Adverse Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Hammershøj Lisa G. , Petersen Jeff Z. , Jensen Hans M. , Jørgensen Martin B. , Miskowiak Kamilla W. 
Published: October 2021

Objectives
The character and duration of cognitive adverse effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are unclear. This study investigated (1) the sensitivity of a short cognitive test battery to cognitive adverse effects of ECT, (2) the relation between subjective and objective cognitive adverse effects, and (3) patient characteristics associated with more subjective than objective adverse effects.

Methods
Forty-one patients with unipolar or bipolar depression referred to ECT underwent assessments at baseline, 5 to 7 days post-ECT, and 3 months post-ECT. Patients rated their fear of various aspects of ECT on a visual analog scale. At each assessment, patients were evaluated for depressive symptoms, completed the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP) and Trail Making Test-Part B (TMT-B), and rated their cognitive difficulties.

Results
Patients feared cognitive adverse effects and lack of treatment efficacy more than other aspects of ECT. The SCIP and TMT-B revealed transient decline in objective cognition after ECT, which was reversed after 3 months. Patients presented with more subjective than objective cognitive difficulties at baseline and more subjective than objective cognitive adverse effects of ECT. This discrepancy was significantly reduced at follow-up. Younger age and poorer objective cognition pretreatment were associated with more subjective than objective cognitive adverse effects 5 to 7 days after ECT.

Conclusions
The SCIP and TMT-B are sensitive to cognitive adverse effects of ECT. Patients show more subjective than objective cognitive adverse effects of ECT. These insights can be used clinically to inform patients of treatment choice and expected cognitive consequences.
Systematic identification of molecular mediators underlying sensing ofStaphylococcus aureusbyPseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Zarrella Tiffany M. , Khare Anupama 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBacteria typically exist in dynamic, multispecies communities where polymicrobial interactions influence fitness. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions is critical for understanding and modulating bacterial behavior in natural environments. While bacterial responses to foreign species are frequently characterized at the molecular and phenotypic level, the exogenous molecules that elicit these responses are understudied. Here we outline a systematic strategy based on transcriptomics combined with genetic and biochemical screens of promoter-reporters to identify the molecules from one species that are sensed by another. We utilized this method to study interactions between the pathogensPseudomonas aeruginosaandStaphylococcus aureusthat are frequently found in co-infections. We discovered thatP. aeruginosasenses diverse staphylococcal exoproducts including the metallophore staphylopine, intermediate metabolites citrate and acetoin, and multiple molecules that modulate its iron starvation response. Further, we show that staphylopine inhibits biofilm formation and thatP. aeruginosacan utilize citrate and acetoin for growth, revealing that these interactions have both antagonistic and beneficial effects. Our screening approach thus identified multipleS. aureussecreted molecules that are sensed byP. aeruginosaand affect its physiology, demonstrating the efficacy of this approach, and yielding new insight into the molecular basis of interactions between these two species.
Population structure in the MHC region
Authors: Maróstica André Silva , Nunes Kelly , Castelli Erick C. , Silva Nayane S. B. , Weir Bruce S. , Goudet Jérôme , Meyer Diogo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn his 1972 “The apportionment of human diversity”, Lewontin showed that, when averaged over loci, genetic diversity is predominantly attributable to differences among individuals within populations. However, selection on specific genes and genomic regions can alter the apportionment of diversity. We examine genetic diversity at the HLA loci, located within the MHC region. HLA genes code for proteins that are critical to adaptive immunity and are well-documented targets of balancing selection. The SNPs within HLA genes show strong signatures of balancing selection on large timescales and are broadly shared among populations, with low FST values. However, when we analyze haplotypes defined by these SNPs (i.e., which define “HLA alleles”), we find marked differences in frequencies between geographic regions. These differences are not reflected in the FST values because of the extreme polymorphism at HLA loci, illustrating challenges in interpreting FST. Differences in the frequency of HLA alleles among geographic regions are relevant to bone-marrow transplantation, which requires genetic identity at HLA loci between patient and donor. We explore the case of Brazil’s bone-marrow registry, where a deficit of enrolled volunteers with African ancestry reduces the chance of finding donors for individuals with an MHC region of African ancestry.
Leveraging enterprise social network technology: understanding the roles of compatibility and intrinsic motivation
Authors: Jia Qiong , Lei Yang , Guo Yue , Li Xiaotong 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis study explores the factors influencing the value of enterprise social media (ESM) from the perspective of compatibility. Establishing a theoretical model based on compatibility theory, the authors examine the effects of two dimensions of compatibility and the mediating effects of employees' intrinsic motivations. ESM is an important tool that helps companies to enhance knowledge sharing and cross-department collaboration. Thus, it is important to understand factors that can facilitate the role of ESM in improving enterprise operating performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a survey among 353 users of a leading ESM platform and empirically investigated how compatibility influences ESM value through employees' intrinsic motivations. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to study the relationship among compatibility, employees' intrinsic motivations and ESM value.FindingsThe empirical research results indicate that compatibility of self-interest with group interest influences the value of ESM, and intrinsic motivations toward collaboration and toward knowledge management partially mediate the effects of the two dimensions of compatibility on ESM value.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the empirical analysis relies on data from surveying employees of Chinese companies. Therefore, one direction for future research is to reexamine the model using data from other countries. Second, the effects of compatibility identified in the study may vary among different ESM platforms. In addition, the findings may change for organizations having different sizes.Practical implicationsThis finding suggests that managers should pay close attention to potential conflicts of interest when implementing ESM to enhance group communication and collaboration. This study also highlights the importance of compatibility of new working processes with experience in practice. In addition, intrinsic motivations towards both cooperation and knowledge management in ESM are important factors influencing the value creation of ESM. Therefore, to cultivate employees' intrinsic motivation, managers and organizations need to facilitate the formation of a collaborative atmosphere and habits of cooperative adoption.Originality/valueAlthough previous studies show that compatibility is a strong belief salient to technology acceptance and continuance usage behavior, the operational definition of compatibility developed by prior studies has generally been limited to the technology perspective and the individual level. However, the primary benefit of ESM is enabling online team collaboration and knowledge sharing across various departments. Thus, the level of compatibility between employees' self-interests and group interests may influence their intrinsic motivations toward ESM usage. From this perspective of individual–group interest conflicts, the authors propose a conceptual research model based on the theory of compatibility in innovation diffusion.
Red flag behaviors in financial services frauds: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Sandhu Namrata 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
This study aims to enlist the red flag behaviors exhibited in financial services frauds.

Design/methodology/approach
A pluralistic mixed methodology was adopted in this study. Data collected via semi-structured interviews were coded, quantified and subjected to descriptive analysis to identify the most frequently exhibited red flag behaviors in financial services frauds. The relative risk of exhibition of the identified red flag behaviors was assessed by intuitively comparing the red flag behaviors identified in financial services frauds (experimental group, n = 24) with the red flag behaviors identified in a heterogeneous control sample of non-financial services frauds (control group, n = 28).

Findings
This study identifies six red flag behaviors likely to be more frequently exhibited in financial services frauds than in non-financial services frauds.

Practical implications
Results of this study can be used to develop a typical behavioral profile of a financial services fraud perpetrator. Active communication of this profile in fraud awareness training can help make fraud conspicuous in the financial services industry.

Originality/value
This study is unique because human behavior as a possible fraud indicator is an under-researched area. Further, this study examines first level of evidence and attempts an ex-post analysis of actual red flag behaviors exhibited in acknowledged fraud cases in which the perpetrator/perpetrators has/have been clearly identified.
The growth of unproductive labour and the new crisis of management: the case of Australia
Authors: Boccalatte Kaylee 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Management history has long acknowledged the existence of unproductive labour. Despite becoming unfashionable in modern times, the growth of unproductive labour within the economic composition of Australia’s labour force, witnessed since the late 1980s, brings to the fore old debates with a modern resonance, debates as to how and when labour contributes to economic growth. Using Australia as a case study, this paper aims to explore the economic cost increasing rates of unproductive labour, typically associated with government-imposed regulation, may have upon an organisation, and more broadly society.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper explores the theoretical frameworks developed by classical and neoclassical economists on the subject of productive and unproductive labour and uses key elements to explain the economic consequences of the current labour economy and regulatory environment that exists within modern Australia.

Findings
It is the growth of unproductive roles within the Australian economy since the late 1980s that contributes not only to the rising cost of employing domestically and the rising cost of living, but furthermore, to the fragility of Australia’s long-term economic security.

Originality/value
Australia’s economy is bound by chains of regulation. No longer does productivity fuel a growing economy, but rather, economies are powered by the rein of unproductive labour – labour that does not produce value but rather, consumes it. Unproductive labour is not a “dusty museum piece”. Rather, it is a defining characteristic of modern Australia, one that impacts immensely the cost of domestic business, and ultimately, society and the cost of living.
Genome and gene evolution of seahorse species revealed by the chromosome‐level genome of Hippocampus abdominalis
Authors: He Libin , Long Xin , Qi Jianfei , Wang Zongji , Huang Zhen , Wu Shuiqing , Zhang Xingtan , Luo Huiyu , Chen Xinxin , Lin Jinbo , Yang Qiuhua , Huang Shiyu , Zhou Qi , Zheng Leyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeahorses belong to the teleost family Syngnathidae that evolved a distinct body plan and unique male pregnancy compared to other teleosts. As a classic model for studying evolution of viviparity and sexual selection of teleosts, seahorse species still lack a publicly available high‐quality reference genome. Here, we generated the genome assembly of the big‐belly seahorse, Hippocampus abdominalis with long‐read and Hi‐C technologies. We managed to place over 99% of the total length of 444.7 Mb of assembled genome into 21 linkage groups with almost no gaps. We reconstructed a phylogenomic tree with the big‐belly seahorse genome and other representative Syngnathidae and teleost species. We also reconstructed the historical population dynamics of four representative Syngnathidae species. We found the gene families that underwent expansion or contraction in the Syngnathidae ancestor were enriched for immune‐related or ion transporter gene ontology terms. Many of these genes were also reported to show a dynamic expression pattern during the pregnancy stages of H. abdominalis. We also identified putative positively selected genes in the Syngnathidae ancestor or in H. abdominalis, whose mouse mutants are enriched for abnormal craniofacial and limb morphological phenotypes. Overall, our study provides an important genome resource for evolutionary and developmental studies of seahorse species, and candidate genes for future experimental works.
Complex melanoma of the scalp: Diagnosis and management aided by confocal microscopy
Authors: Regio Pereira Amanda , Guitera Pascale , Ferguson Peter M , Ch’ng Sydney , Hirata Sergio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMelanomas of lentigo maligna subtype are a steadily growing problem and frequently represent a clinical challenge. A case is reported of a complex melanoma of the scalp illustrating the critical role of confocal microscopy for optimal diagnosis and management.
Parent and teacher warm involvement and student’s academic engagement: The mediating role of self‐system processes
Authors: Rickert Nicolette P. , Skinner Ellen A. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundParents, teachers, and researchers all share the goal of optimizing students’ academic engagement (Handbook of social influences in school contexts: Social‐emotional, motivation, and cognitive outcomes, 2016, Routledge, New York, NY). While separate lines of research have demonstrated the importance of high‐quality relationships and support from parents and teachers, few studies have examined the collective contributions of adults’ warm involvement or the processes by which support from both parents and teachers shapes students’ engagement. According to the self‐system process model of motivational development, warm involvement from key social partners fosters students’ sense of relatedness, competence, and autonomy, (Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology, Vol. 23: Self processes in development, 1991, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL; Theory and Research in Education, 2009, 7, 133), which subsequently fuels their engagement with academic tasks and challenges (Journal of Educational Psychology, 2003, 95, 148).AimsThe current study sought to examine whether a sense of relatedness, competence, or autonomy could explain the relation between parents’ and teachers’ warm involvement and changes in students’ academic engagement across a school year.SampleData was drawn from 1011 third, fourth, fifth, and sixth graders.MethodStudents reported on adult warm involvement, self‐system processes, and engagement in the fall and spring of a single school year.ResultsStructural equation models demonstrated that parent and teacher warm involvement each uniquely, positively, and indirectly predicted changes in students’ academic engagement through a combination of students’ sense of relatedness, competence, and autonomy, though these patterns differed slightly across adults.ConclusionsImplications for optimizing students’ academic engagement are discussed, including the need for intervention efforts focused on both parents and teachers and students’ self‐system processes.
Comparative study of therapy‐related and de novo adult b‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Abdel Rahman Zaid H. , Parrondo Ricardo D. , Heckman Michael G. , Wieczorek Mikolaj , Miller Kevin C. , Alkhateeb Hassan , Sproat Lisa Z. , Murthy Hemant , Hogan William J. , Kharfan‐Dabaja Mohamed A. , Peterson Jess F. , Baughn Linda B. , Hoppman Nicole , Litzow Mark R. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Greipp Patricia T. , Foran James M. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryWe report a comparative analysis of patients with therapy‐related acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (tr‐ALL) vs de novo ALL. We identified 331 patients with B‐ALL; 69 (21%) were classified as tr‐ALL. The most common prior malignancies were breast (23·2%) and plasma cell disorders (20·3%). Patients with tr‐ALL were older (median 63·2 vs. 46·2 years, P < 0.001), more often female (66·7% vs. 43·5%, P < 0·001), and more likely to have hypodiploid cytogenetics (18·8% vs. 5·0%, P < 0·001). In multivariable analysis, patients with tr‐ALL were less likely to achieve complete remission [odds ratio (OR) = 0·16, P < 0·001] and more likely to be minimal residual disease‐positive (OR = 4·86, P = 0·01) but had similar OS after diagnosis and allo‐haematopoietic cell transplantation.