bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disrupting heroin-associated memory reconsolidation through actin polymerization inhibition in the nucleus accumbens core
Authors: Zhao Haiting , Li Haoyu , Meng Li , Du Peng , Mo Xin , Gong Mengqi , Chen Jiaxin , Liao Yiwei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Understanding drug addiction as a disorder of maladaptive learning, where drug-associated or environmental cues trigger drug cravings and seeking, is crucial for developing effective treatments. Actin polymerization, a biochemical process, plays a crucial role in drug-related memory formation, particularly evident in conditioned place preference paradigms involving drugs like morphine and methamphetamine. However, the role of actin polymerization in the reconsolidation of heroin-associated memories remains understudied.

Methods
This study employed a rodent model of self-administered heroin to investigate the involvement of actin polymerization in the reconsolidation of heroin-associated memories. Rats underwent ten days of intravenous heroin self-administration paired with conditioned cues. Subsequently, a 10-day extinction phase aimed to reduce heroin-seeking behaviors. Following this, rats participated in a 15-minute retrieval trial with or without cues. Immediately post-retrieval, rats received bilateral injections of the actin polymerization inhibitor Latrunculin A (Lat A) into the nucleus accumbens core (NACc), a critical brain region for memory reconsolidation.

Results
Immediate administration of Lat A into the NACc post-retrieval significantly reduced cue-induced and heroin-primed reinstatement of heroin-seeking behavior for at least 28 days. However, administering Lat A 6-hour post-retrieval or without a retrieval trial, as well as administering Jasplakionlide prior to memory reactivation did not affect heroin-seeking behaviors.

Conclusions
Inhibiting actin polymerization during the reconsolidation window disrupts heroin-associated memory reconsolidation, leading to decreased heroin-seeking behavior and prevention of relapse. These effects are contingent upon the presence of a retrieval trial and exhibit temporal specificity, shedding light on addiction mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions.
Vector-Induced Humoral Responses After rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Immunization Identify Vaccinated Individuals and Correlate With Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Antibodies
Authors: Chandrasekaran Prabha , Berry Irina Maljkovic , Callier Viviane , Anthony Scott M , Hensley Krystle , Kuhn Jens H , Shaw-Saliba Kathryn , Kennedy Stephen B , Kieh Mark , Browne Sarah M , Crozier Ian , Davey Richard T , Lane H Clifford , Hensley Lisa E , Follmann Dean A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
While vaccine antigen-induced antibodies are often used as proxies for vaccine efficacy, immune responses to vaccine vectors are less well-defined. We describe the kinetics of immunoglobulin (IgG) responses against the vector (vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus [VSIV]) nucleoprotein (N) and the inserted antigen (Ebola virus [EBOV]) glycoprotein (GP1,2) components of the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine and evaluate their use as biomarkers to confirm self-reported vaccination status.

Methods
We selected 212 participants randomized to rVSV-ZEBOV (n = 107) or placebo (n = 105). Levels of IgG antibodies to EBOV GP1,2 or VSIV N were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a newly developed single-molecule array (Simoa) immunoassay, respectively.

Results
Anti-EBOV GP1,2 and anti-VSIV N IgG were first detected 10-14 days postvaccination, further increased at 28 days, and remained stable through 360 days. Antibody titers were significantly correlated (P &lt; 0.001) at 28 days (r = 0.47), 180 days (r = 0.45), and 360 days (r = 0.59). At 28 days, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) discriminated vaccinated from unvaccinated patients with high accuracy (AUC = 0.965 for anti-VSIV N IgG; AUC = 0.945 for anti-EBOV GP1,2 IgG [P &lt; 0.001]).

Conclusions
We report a reliable assay to measure vector-induced humoral responses after rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination and demonstrate the assay's utility to confirm vaccination status.
Influences of fluctuating nutrient loadings on nitrate-reducing microorganisms in rivers
Authors: Li Shengjie , Zhao Rui , Wang Shuo , Yang Yiwen , Diao Muhe , Ji Guodong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Rivers serve important functions for human society and are significantly impacted by anthropogenic nutrient inputs (e.g. organic and sulfur compounds). Reduced organic and sulfur compounds influence the nitrogen cycle as they are electron donors of microbial nitrate reduction. Water pollution caused by individual nutrients and the mechanisms have been studied, but how the variation in multiple nutrient loadings influences nitrate-reducing microorganisms is less understood. Two sets of microcosms were established and exposed to nitrate, along with either acetate or thiosulfate, at different times. Nutrient concentrations responded to the loading pollutant. The nutrient loading order was more important in shaping microbial community structure and microbial interactions through the exchange of growth-required substances. This indicated that upstream or historical nutrient inflows impacted current nitrate reduction by changing the seeding microbial community, highlighting the importance of river connectivity. Based on metatranscriptome analysis, although the order and type of nutrient loadings were equally important in regulating global transcriptomes, transcripts of enzymes for key metabolisms (nitrate reduction, sulfur oxidation, etc.) more actively responded to the nutrient type. The regulation of a small set of genes was sufficient to make the transition, while most transcripts were not degraded and regenerated. These insights are important for understanding the varying pollution status of rivers and for developing effective solutions, such as remediation.
Human enteroviruses and the long road to acute flacid paralysis eradication
Authors: Bosch Albert , Carcereny Albert , García-Pedemonte David , Fuentes Cristina , Costafreda Maria I , Pintó Rosa M , Guix Susana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are a highly diverse group of viruses multiplying primarily in the gastrointestinal tract and/or the upper respiratory tract, initially distributed in two separate genera: Enterovirus and Rhinovirus, respectively. According to the similarities in genome organization and particle structure, rhinovirus species were later reclassified as also belonging to genus Enterovirus. Human EV infections are usually asymptomatic or causing mild clinical manifestations. Nevertheless, some EV infections may derive in severe neural complications, including acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) such as poliomyelitis, whose etiological agent is poliovirus, a member of the Enterovirus C species. The inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and particularly the oral attenuated polio vaccine (OPV) have contributed to the virtual eradication of the disease. However, sustained global circulation of vaccine-derived poliovirus 2 (cVDPV2), originated from the genetic instability of OPV strain 2 and intertypic recombination between Sabin OPV strains and members of the Enterovirus C species, still causes outbreaks of AFP worldwide. In addition, humanitarian crises, in particular armed conflicts, hamper polio vaccination campaigns and facilitate the occurrence of cases. Additionally, besides poliovirus, other EV may also cause AFP, among them EV A71 or EV D68, and it is highly advisable to implement wastewater surveillance to elucidate the occurrence of not only polioviruses, but also of other EV susceptible to derive in serious neural complications, since the screening of viral RNA in cerebrospinal fluid samples in patients suffering from AFP is not a reliable diagnostic tool.
Effect of multispecies fungal extract supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and the rumen microbiome composition of beef cattle fed forage-based diets
Authors: Pittaluga Alejandro M , Miccoli Florencia E , Guerrero Leandro D , Relling Alejandro E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a multispecies fungal extract (MFE) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), fermentation characteristics, and rumen microbiome composition of beef cattle fed forage-based diets. For experiment 1, ruminally cannulated Angus × SimAngus cows (n = 4; body weight [BW] = 569 ± 21 kg) were used in a randomized crossover design with two 21-d study periods and a 23-d washout period to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of an MFE on in situ digestion, ruminal fermentation, and the composition of the rumen microbiome. Treatments consisted of a forage-based diet with or without the inclusion of a MFE. Rumen samples were collected on days 5, 10, and 20. Experiment 2 evaluated different inclusion rates of the MFE in a randomized complete block design using Angus × SimAngus-crossbred steers (n = 80; BW = 370 ± 44 kg). Steers were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to one of four treatments (2 pens/treatment): diet with no MFE, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.08% of the MFE (dry matter [DM] basis). Steers were fed a forage-based diet for 122 d. Subsets of 10 steers/treatment were randomly selected for the determination of ATTD on d 20, 40, and 60. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. In exp 1, adding the MFE to the diet tended to increase the ruminal disappearance rate of the DM on day 10 (P = 0.06). No interactions or treatment effects were observed for the short-chain fatty acid profile of the rumen fluid (P ≥ 0.13). Metagenomic analysis of the rumen microbiome showed an MFE × d interaction for the Fibrobacter genus (P = 0.01), which on day 20 was less abundant in the rumen of cows fed the MFE. In exp 2, steers supplemented with 0.04% of MFE had a lower average daily gain and were lighter at the end of the experiment (cubic, P ≤ 0.04) compared to steers supplemented with 0.02% MFE. Steers fed the diet with 0.02% of MFE had the greatest gain-to-feed ratio among the MFE-supplemented groups (cubic, P &lt; 0.01). Dietary inclusion of the MFE increased neutral detergent fiber digestibility (linear, P = 0.05). Steers supplemented with 0.04% of MFE had the greatest acid detergent fiber digestibility among treatments (quadratic, P = 0.03). Collectively, results showed that ruminal disappearance rate and digestibility of forage-based diets increased due to MFE supplementation, but did not translate into growth performance improvements or beneficially alter rumen fermentation.
Forensic genetics in the shadows
Authors: Brown Teneille , Duensing Sarah , Wong Bob 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines the controversial practice of law enforcement agencies searching genetic samples obtained in health care settings, without a warrant or consent. While police have previously used public genealogy databases for this purpose, our article describes how they are now secretly accessing genetic information from newborn screening programs and medical tests. This raises ethical and legal concerns, blurring the line between health care and law enforcement. This, in turn, may discourage people from seeking important medical care due to distrust in the police and privacy concerns. To explore public attitudes on this issue, the authors conducted a study examining how lay people view the forensic use of clinical genetic data for different types of crimes. Our findings suggest that people take a utilitarian perspective, where they are more likely to support warrantless searches for serious and ongoing crimes but more likely to oppose these searches for more minor offenses like theft. However, regardless of public support, the little-known practice undermines trust in health care institutions and violates patient privacy. We recommend three legal reforms to restrict law enforcement access to clinical and public health genetic databases and to require explicit consent to forensic uses.
Prolonging neutrophil room temperature storage with clinically-approved solutions: Implications for granulocyte transfusion
Authors: Labrecque Marie-Michèle , Allard Marie-Ève , Murru Andréa , Paré Guillaume , Acker Jason P , Lesage Sylvie , Girard Mélissa , Fernandes Maria J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Granulocyte concentrates (GC) are leukocyte preparations enriched in neutrophils that can potentially save neutropenic patients from life-threatening, antimicrobial-resistant infections. The main challenge of GC transfusions is preserving the viability and antimicrobial activity of neutrophils beyond 24 h to reduce the logistical burden on collection centers and increase the availability of this cell therapy. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore extending the ex vivo viability and antimicrobial activity of GC neutrophils up to 72 h with a unique combination of the clinically-approved additives Plasma-Lyte, SAGM, AS-3 and Alburex.

Methods
Neutrophils isolated from healthy donors were resuspended in autologous plasma (AP) at the same concentration as in GCs and diluted with various combinations of Plasma-Lyte, SAGM, AS-3 and/or Alburex with or without the addition of buffers, and stored at room temperature for up to 72 h. During storage, neutrophil viability, phagocytosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species production were measured by flow cytometry. Extracellular reactive oxygen species production was measured by spectrophotometry and chemotaxis by the number of calcein stained neutrophils that migrated towards the chemotactic peptide, N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF). The same assays were performed on pooled, residual leukocyte units generated by the Reveos system, after storage in the additive combination that most effectively preserved the viability and function of isolated neutrophils.

Results
The additive combination that best performed in the majority of the assays contained Plasma-Lyte, buffers and AS-3. Neutrophil viability was preserved for a maximum of 48 h and phagocytosis of opsonized bacteria and reactive oxygen species production up to 72 h of storage at room temperature. In contrast, fMLF-induced chemotaxis decreased by 20 % after 24 h storage while extracellular reactive oxygen species production increased significantly within the same time period. Supplementing GCs prepared from pooled, residual leukocyte units with this storage solution after the standard 16-24 h processing period as per the blood center guidelines, did not significantly improve the preservation of neutrophil viability and function.

Conclusion
Our findings provide proof of concept that mixtures of clinically-approved additives can be tailored to significantly prolong the viability and function of freshly isolated neutrophils during room temperature storage. The unique additive composition of this storage solution that we developed for freshly isolated neutrophils, requires further optimization for use with pooled, residual leukocyte units as well as the time point at which the solution is added during processing to prolong the viability and functions of neutrophils in this blood product.
Hierarchical Bayesian models to mitigate systematic disparities in prediction with proxy outcomes
Authors: Mikhaeil Jonas M , Gelman Andrew , Greengard Philip 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Label bias occurs when the outcome of interest is not directly observable and instead, modelling is performed with proxy labels. When the difference between the true outcome and the proxy label is correlated with predictors, this can yield systematic disparities in predictions for different groups of interest. We propose Bayesian hierarchical measurement models to address these issues. When strong prior information about the measurement process is available, our approach improves accuracy and helps with algorithmic fairness. If prior knowledge is limited, our approach allows assessment of the sensitivity of predictions to the unknown specifications of the measurement process. This can help practitioners gauge if enough substantive information is available to guarantee the desired accuracy and avoid disparate predictions when using proxy outcomes. We demonstrate our approach through practical examples.
Radio Galaxy Zoo data release 1: 100185 radio source classifications from the FIRST and ATLAS surveys
Authors: Wong O Ivy , Garon A F , Alger M J , Rudnick L , Shabala S S , Willett K W , Banfield J K , Andernach H , Norris R P , Swan J , Hardcastle M J , Lintott C J , White S V , Seymour N , Kapińska A D , Tang H , Simmons B D , Schawinski K 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Radio galaxies can extend far beyond the stellar component of their originating host galaxies, and their radio emission can consist of multiple discrete components. Furthermore, the apparent source structure will depend on survey sensitivity, resolution and the observing frequency. Associated discrete radio components and their originating host galaxy are typically identified through a visual comparison of radio and mid-infrared survey images. We present the first data release of Radio Galaxy Zoo, an online citizen science project that enlists the help of citizen scientists to cross-match extended radio sources from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters (FIRST) and the Australia Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS) surveys, often with complex structure, to host galaxies in 3.6 $\mu$m infrared images from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and the SpitzerSpace Telescope. This first data release consists of 100 185 classifications for 99 146 radio sources from the FIRST survey and 583 radio sources from the ATLAS survey. We include two tables for each of the FIRST and ATLAS surveys: (1) the identification of all components making up each radio source and (2) the cross-matched host galaxies. These classifications have an average reliability of 0.83 based on the weighted consensus levels of our citizen scientists. The reliability of the DR1 catalogue has been further demonstrated through several parallel studies which used the pre-release versions of this catalogue to train and prototype machine learning-based classifiers. We also include a brief description of the radio source populations catalogued by RGZ DR1.
A field-level emulator for modified gravity
Authors: Saadeh Daniela , Koyama Kazuya , Morice-Atkinson Xan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Stage IV surveys like LSST and Euclid present a unique opportunity to shed light on the nature of dark energy. However, their full constraining power cannot be unlocked unless accurate predictions are available at all observable scales. Currently, only the linear regime is well understood in models beyond $\Lambda$CDM: on the non-linear scales, expensive numerical simulations become necessary, whose direct use is impractical in the analyses of large data sets. Recently, machine learning techniques have shown the potential to break this impasse: by training emulators, we can predict complex data fields in a fraction of the time it takes to produce them. In this work, we present a field-level emulator capable of turning a $\Lambda$CDM N-body simulation into one evolved under $f(R)$ gravity. To achieve this, we build on the map2map neural network, using the strength of modified gravity $|f_{\mathrm{ R}_0}|$ as style parameter. We find that our emulator correctly estimates the changes it needs to apply to the positions and velocities of the input N-body particles to produce the target simulation. We test the performance of our network against several summary statistics, finding $1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ agreement in the power spectrum up to $k \sim 1$ h Mpc$^{-1}$, and $1.5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ agreement against the independent boost emulator emantis. Although the algorithm is trained on fixed cosmological parameters, we find it can extrapolate to models it was not trained on. Coupled with available field-level emulators and simulation suites for $\Lambda$CDM, our algorithm can be used to constrain modified gravity in the large-scale structure using full information available at the field level.
Psi-GAN: a power-spectrum-informed generative adversarial network for the emulation of large-scale structure maps across cosmologies and redshifts
Authors: Bhambra Prabh , Joachimi Benjamin , Lahav Ofer , Piras Davide 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Simulations of the dark matter distribution throughout the Universe are essential in order to analyse data from cosmological surveys. N-body simulations are computationally expensive, and many cheaper alternatives (such as lognormal random fields) fail to reproduce accurate statistics of the smaller, non-linear scales. In this work, we present Psi-GAN (power-spectrum-informed generative adversarial network), a machine learning model that takes a two-dimensional lognormal dark matter density field and transforms it into a more realistic field. We construct Psi-GAN so that it is continuously conditional, and can therefore generate realistic realizations of the dark matter density field across a range of cosmologies and redshifts in $z \in [0, 3]$. We train Psi-GAN as a generative adversarial network on $2\, 000$ simulation boxes from the Quijote simulation suite. We use a novel critic architecture that utilizes the power spectrum as the basis for discrimination between real and generated samples. Psi-GAN shows agreement with N-body simulations over a range of redshifts and cosmologies, consistently outperforming the lognormal approximation on all tests of non-linear structure, such as being able to reproduce both the power spectrum up to wavenumbers of $1~h~\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$, and the bispectra of target N-body simulations to within ${\sim }5$ per cent. Our improved ability to model non-linear structure should allow more robust constraints on cosmological parameters when used in techniques such as simulation-based inference.
The fragmentation of molecular clouds in starburst environments
Authors: Cusack Matt T , Clark Paul C , Glover Simon C O , Klessen Ralf S , Girichidis Philipp , Whitworth Anthony P , Priestley Felix D 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
A significant amount of star formation occurs and has occurred in environments unlike the solar neighbourhood. The majority of stars formed closer to the peak of the cosmic star formation rate ($z \rm \gt 1.3$) and a great deal of star formation presently occurs in the central molecular zone (CMZ) of the Galaxy. These environments are unified by the presence of a high interstellar radiation field (ISRF) and a high cosmic ray ionization rate (CRIR). Numerical studies of stellar birth typically neglect this fact, and those that do not have thus far been limited in scope. In this work, we present the first comprehensive analysis of hydrodynamical simulations of star formation in extreme environments where we have increased the ISRF and CRIR to values typical of the CMZ and starburst galaxies. We note changes in the fragmentation behaviour on both the core and stellar system scale, leading to top-heavy core and stellar system mass functions in high ISRF/CRIR clouds. Clouds fragment less on the core scale, producing fewer but more massive cores. Conversely, the cores fragment more intensely and produce richer clusters of stellar systems. We present a picture where high ISRF/CRIR clouds fragment less on the scale of cores and clumps, but more on the scale of stellar systems. The change in fragmentation behaviour subsequently changes the mass function of the stellar systems that form through enhanced accretion rates.