bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sociodemographic determinants of non-communicable diseases among the adult population of Dubai: self-reported data from Dubai household health survey, 2019
Authors: Alnakhi Wafa K. , Mamdouh Heba , Hussain Hamid Y. , Ibrahim Gamal M. , Ahmad Amar Sabri , Ali Raghib , Abdulle Abdishakur 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide. In the UAE, NCDs account for nearly 77% of all deaths. There is limited empirical research on this topic in the UAE. We aim to examine this association among the adult population in the Emirate of Dubai.Method: This study used data from the Dubai Household Health Survey (DHHS), 2019. In this survey, 2,247 families were interviewed and only adults aged 18+ were included for the analysis. The self-reported chronic disease was defined as reporting any chronic morbidities occurred during the past year that required ongoing medical attention and medical care. Sociodemographic characteristics covariates were age group, marital status, nationality, gender, education and working status. The quasi-binomial distribution was used to identify factors associated with chronic disease.Results: The prevalence of chronic diseases among the adult population of Dubai was 15.01%. Individuals aged 60+, local Arabs (Emirati), divorced and widowed individuals, and individuals who were not currently working reported a chronic disease more than the other groups. In the regression analysis, age (years) was the strongest predictor (OR 3.6, 95% CI: 2.8, 4.7). Males were more likely to report a chronic disease (OR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.277, 2.035). Unmarried individuals were less likely to report a chronic disease (OR 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.70). However, older individuals who were unmarried were more likely to report a chronic disease compared to the reference group (OR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 6.1). Emiratis were more likely to report a chronic disease (OR 2.08, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.67).Conclusion: The self-reported rate of chronic disease was shown to be higher in older individuals, males, Emiratis, and older individuals who were unmarried. This is one of the few studies related to chronic diseases in Dubai. It is important to translate the current study findings into policies to help reduce the incidence of chronic diseases in Dubai and to minimize the negative impact of these illnesses, particularly among those with the sociodemographic risk factors identified here. In addition, healthcare services and resources should be reallocated to the population groups with greater health needs.
Rate of Viral Re-Suppression and Retention To Care Among HIV Infected Patients on Second Line Antiretroviral Therapy at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia.
Authors: Wedajo Shambel , Degu Getu , Deribew Amare , Ambaw Fentie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: In Ethiopia, first line antiretroviral therapy failure is growing rapidly. However, unlike first line therapy, to date, very little is known about the outcomes of second line therapy. Thus, this study assessed the rate of viral re-suppression and retention to care and their predictors among HIV infected patients on second line therapy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 642 HIV infected patients on second line therapy at Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, northeast Ethiopia from October 2016 to November 2019. Proportional Cox regression model was computed to explore predictors of viral re-suppression (Viral load less than 1000 copies/mL) and attrition to care. Results: Out of 642 subjects, 19 (3%), 44(6.9%), 70(10.9%), and 509(79.3%) patients were lost to follow up, died, transferred out, and alive on care, respectively. Similarly, 82.39 % (79.24 - 85.16%) patients had achieved viral re-suppression, with 96 per 100-person year rate of re-suppression in 550.16 year follow up. Patients who switched timely to second line therapy were at a high rate of viral re-suppression than patients who delayed to switch [Adjusted Hazard Rate, AHR = 1.43 (95%CI: 1.17-1.74)]. Not having drug substitution history [AHR =1.25 (95%CI: 1.02-1.52)] was positively associated with viral re-suppression, in contrast, being on anti-TB treatment [AHR = 0.67 (95% CI: 0.49 – 0.91)] negatively associated with viral re-suppression. By excluding transferred out cases, 63 (11%, 95% CI: 9.6 – 13.8%) out of 572 patients were failed to retain on care with 7.1 per 100 person year rate of attrition in 887.25 year observation. Patients who were ambulatory or bedridden at the time of therapy switch were more at risk of attrition to care as compared with workable patients [Adjusted Hazard Rate, AHR= 2.61 (95% CI: 1.40-4.87]. Similarly, being not virally re-suppressed [AHR= 6.87 (95% CI: 3.86-12.23)], CD4 count < = 450 cells/mm3 [AHR= 2.61 (95% CI: 1.40-4.87] were also positively associated with attrition to care. Conclusions: A significant number of patients had failed to achieve viral re-suppression and to retain on care. Most identified factors related to patient monitoring. Hence, patient centered intervention should be strengthen, besides treatment switch.
Optimization of Cultivation Condition of Newly Isolated Strain Chlorella Sorokiniana pa.91 for&nbsp;CO2 Bio-Fixation and Nutrients Removal From Real Municipal Wastewater: Impact of Temperature and Light Intensity
Authors: Yaqoubnejad Poone , Aminirad Hassan , Taghavijeloudar Mohsen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The cultivation conditions of a newly isolated strain Chlorella sorokiniana pa.91 were optimized for the first time by performing sixty batch cultivation experiments at various temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) and light intensities (1000, 3000, 4000, 5000 and 7000 Lux) in three different culture mediums of BG-11, real settled municipal wastewater (RMWW) and synthetic wastewater (SWW). Additionally, to evaluate the capability of C. sorokiniana pa.91 in CO2 bio-fixation and wastewater treatment, the microalgae was cultivated in a flat-plate photobioreactor (CO2 = 16% and 0.6 vvm aeration) under the optimal condition. The optimization results suggested that at the culture conditions of 30 °C, 4000 Lux and RMWW (COD 211 mgL-1) microalgae had the best performance in growth and biomass productivity. Maximum biomass concentration and productivity of 3.21 gL-1 and 0.31 gL-1d-1were achieved, respectively, by cultivation of C. sorokiniana pa.91 in the photobioreactor under the optimized condition. Experimental results showed that C. sorokiniana pa.91 has a high capacity of CO2 bio-fixation (0.59 mgL-1d-1) and CO2 removal rate (35.6 %). Moreover, using C. sorokiniana pa.91 could efficiently remove 74% of NH3, 93% of NO3-, 83% of PO4-3 and 76% of COD from real municipal wastewater after eight days of cultivation in the photobioreactor.
Effects of CsSnxPb1-xI3 Quantum Dots as Interfacial Layer on Photovoltaic Performance of Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Chi , He Zhiyuan , Luo Xuanhui , Meng Rangwei , Chen Mengwei , Lu Haifei , yang yingping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, inorganic tin-doped perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are incorporated into carbon-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to improve their photovoltaic performance. On the one hand, by controlling the content of Sn2+ doping, the energy level of the tin-doped PQDs can be adjusted, to realize optimized band alignment and enhanced separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. On the other hand, the incorporation of tin-doped PQDs provided with a relatively high acceptor concentration due to the self-p-type doping effect, is able to reduce the width of the depletion region near the back surface of the perovskite, thereby enhancing the hole extraction. Especially, after the addition of CsSn0.2Pb0.8I3 QDs, improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 12.80% to 14.22% can be obtained, in comparison to the pristine device. Moreover, the experimental results are analyzed through the simulation of the one-dimensional perovskite/tin-doped PQDs heterojunction.
Accuracy of Intra-oral Radiography and Cone-beam CT in the Diagnosis of Buccal Bone Loss.
Authors: Christiaens Veronique , Pauwels Ruben , Mowafey Bassant , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in dentistry started in the maxillofacial field, where it was used for complex and comprehensive treatment planning. Due to the reduced radiation dose compared to a Computed Tomography (CT) scan, CBCT has become a frequently used diagnostic tool in dental practice. However, published data on the accuracy of CBCT in the diagnosis of the buccal bone level is lacking. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of intra-oral radiography (IOR) as well as CBCT in the diagnosis of the extent of buccal bone loss.MethodsA dry skull was used to create a buccal bone defect at the most coronal level of a first premolar; the defect was enlarged apically in steps of 1 mm. After each step, IOR and CBCT were taken. Based on CBCT data 2 observers jointly selected 3 axial slices at different levels of the buccal bone, as well as one transverse slice. Six dentists participated in radiographic observations. First, all observers received the 10 intra-oral radiographs and each observer was asked to rank the intra-oral radiographs on the extent of the buccal bone defect. Afterwards, the procedure was repeated with the CBCTs based on a combination of axial and transverse information. For the second part of the study, each observer was asked to evaluate axial as well as transverse CBCT slices on the presence or absence of a buccal bone defect. ResultsThe percentage of buccal bone defect progression rankings that were within 1 of the true rank was 32% for IOR and 42% for CBCT. On average, kappa values were increased by 0.384 for CBCT compared with intra-oral radiography. The overall sensitivity and specificity of CBCT in the diagnosis of the presence or absence of a buccal bone defect was 0.89 and 0.85, respectively. The average area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC was 0.892 for all observers.ConclusionWhen CBCT images are available for justified indications, other than bone level assessment, such 3D images are more accurate and thus preferred to 2D images to assess periodontal buccal bone. For other clinical applications, intra-oral radiography remains the standard method for radiographic evaluation.
Comprehensive Identification and Expression Analysis of the Members of the B-Box Gene Family of Cotton Involved in Flower bud Differentiation and Responses to Multiple Stresses
Authors: Feng Zhen , Li Mengyu , Li Yi , Yang Xu , Wei Hengling , Fu Xiaokang , Ma Liang , Lu Jianhua , Wang Hantao , Yu Shuxun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: B-BOX (BBX) proteins are zinc-finger transcription factors with one or two BBX domains and sometimes a CCT domain. These proteins play an essential role in regulating plant growth and development, as well as in resisting abiotic stress. So far, the BBX gene family has been widely studied in other crops. However, no one has systematically studied the BBX gene in cotton. Results: In the present study, 17, 18, 37 and 33 BBX genes were detected in Gossypium arboreum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, respectively, via genome-wide identification. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all BBX genes were divided into 5 main categories. The protein motifs and exon/intron structures indicated that each group of BBX genes was highly conserved. Collinearity analysis revealed that the amplification of BBX gene family in Gossypium spp. was mainly through segmental replication. Nonsynonymous (Ka)/ synonymous (Ks) substitution ratios indicated that the BBX gene family had undergone purification selection throughout the long-term natural selection process. Moreover, transcriptomic data showed that some GhBBX genes were highly expressed in floral organs. Transcriptome data analysis and qRT-PCR verification showed that different GhBBX genes had different biological functions in flower bud differentiation, abiotic stress and stress response. Conclusions: Our comprehensive analysis of BBX in G. hirsutum provides a basis for further study on the molecular role of GhBBXs in regulating flowering and cotton resistance to abiotic stress.
Molecular dynamics simulation of multi-constituent gas diffusion properties in Venus atmosphere
Authors: Gao Wen , Yang Xiaoning , Wang Jing , Hou Quanwen , Bi Yanqiang , Lin Boying , Guo Qinliang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of studying the Venus’s atmosphere is to model and simulate Venus’s environment. One of the key parameters of the Venus’s atmosphere is diffusion coefficient. Experimental measurements of diffusion coefficients are particularly difficult under Venus’s environmental conditions. Molecular dynamics have become an important method for studying the properties and dynamics of microscopic systems. In this paper, the equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulations are used to calculate the interdiffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) at room temperature and pressure in combination with Darken's equation. And the results are compared with experimental values and empirical equations to verify the rationality of the calculation method and the accuracy of the results. The interdiffusion coefficients of trace gases on the surface of Venus for the CO2 system in different states and the CO2-N2 interdiffusion coefficients with altitude in the Venus environment are given. The results show that the diffusion coefficients of the gases on the surface of Venus are two orders of magnitude smaller than those in the Earth's atmosphere and molecular dynamics simulations can well predict the diffusion characteristics of the Venus’s atmosphere and support the simulation of the Venus’s surface environment and the Venus’s atmosphere model.
Clinical effect on the alveolar bone of maxillary molar after rapid maxillary expansion: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Wang Mengqiao , Zhao Fenglu , Zhang Zijie , Wei Fulan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

This study assessed the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on alveolar bone cortical thickness and vertical bone level of maxillary first molar.
Material and methods

PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus and a manual search in reference lists of the included studies were searched up to November 2020. The data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two authors. Review Manager 5 was used for quantitative analysis.
Results

Eight studies were selected for the systematic review, and six studies were statistically selected in meta-analysis. The thickness of the distal buccal alveolar bone was significantly reduced of both left (MD 0.53;95% CI:0.15–0.90) and right (MD 0.61;95% CI:0.28–0.94) sides of the maxillary first molar after RME. The same was true for the left (MD 0.63;95% CI:0.28–0.98) and right (MD 0.63;95% CI:0.36–0.91) sides of the mesial buccal side. And the vertical distance between the cusp tip and the buccal alveolar crest increased significantly after RME (SMD − 0.92;95% CI: -1.20–0.64). However, the study of palatal cortical thickness of maxillary first molar needs more clinical trials because of its high heterogeneity (left: I2 = 92%; right: I2 = 86%).
Conclusions

According to current studies, RME can reduce the buccal cortical thickness of maxillary first molars and increase vertical bone loss. More research is needed to determine the stability of the results. However, it is advisable to evaluate the alveolar bone before treatment.
ANFIS-Net for Automatic Detection of COVID-19
Authors: Al-ali Afnan , Elharrouss Omar , Qidwai Uvais , Al-Maaddeed Somaya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Among the most leading causes of mortality across the globe is infectious diseases. Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), H1N1 influenza and Poliomyelitis, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) are all infectious diseases that has cost tremendous lives with the latest being coronavirus (COVID-19) that has become the most recent challenging issue. The extreme nature of this infectious virus and its ability to spread without control, has made it mandatory to find an efficient auto-diagnosis system to assist the people who work in touch with the patients. As Fuzzy logic is considered a powerful technique for modeling vagueness in medical practice, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was proposed in this paper as a key rule for automatic detection of chest X-ray Images based on the characteristics derived by texture analysis using gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) technique. The results were promising, reaching 98.67% accuracy compared with the other state-of-the-art techniques.
Research on Automatic Labelling of Imbalanced Texts of Customer Complaints Based on Text Enhancement and Layer-By-Layer Semantic Matching
Authors: TANG XIAOBO , MOU HAO , LIU JIANGNAN , Du Xin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
[Purpose/meaning] Due to its potential impact on business efficiency, automated customer complaint labeling and classification are of great importance for management decisions and business-level applications. The majority of the current research on automated labeling uses large and well-balanced datasets. However, customer complaints' labels are hierarchical in structure, with many labels at the lowest hierarchy level. Relying on lower-level labels leads to small and imbalanced samples, thus rendering the current automatic labeling practices not applicable to customer complaints. [Methodology/process] This article proposes an automatic labeling model incorporating the BERT and Word2Vec methods. The model is validated on electric utility customer complaints data. Within the model, the BERT method serves to obtain shallow-level text tags. Further, text enhancement is used to mitigate the problem of uneven samples that emerges when the number of labels is large. Finally, the Word2Vec model is utilized for the deep-level text analysis. [Findings/conclusions] The experiments demonstrate the proposed model's efficiency in automating customer complaint labeling. Consequently, the proposed model supports the enterprises in improving their service quality while simultaneously reducing labor costs.
From Training to Practice: An Experience of Professional Capacity Development in Health Research in West Africa
Authors: Sombié Issiaka , Bamouni Sophie Fatoumata , Somé Donmozoun Télesphore , Johnson Ermel A. K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Between 2008 and 2013, the West African Health Organisation (WAHO) conducted a series of post-graduate capacity building in research methodology in West Africa. This work evaluated the contribution of these trainings in terms of knowledge acquisition and influence of research and policy practice.
Methods

Cooke's conceptual framework for assessing research capacity building was used with three data sources to construct the indicators (training reports, research project implementation reports and WAHO research programme evaluation report).
Results

There was an improvement in the knowledge of the 84 participants between the pre- and post-test. At the end of the training, the learners developed 19 protocols, 14 of which were finalised, financed and implemented, reflecting the learners' confidence to engage in research at the end of the training. The implementation of the protocols was conducted with the partnership and collaboration between the agents of the control programmes and the research centres. Some research results have been disseminated and a small portion used to strengthen the programmes.
Conclusion

This evaluation showed that the training was linked to practice with little publication and use of the results to improve the programmes. This regional capacity building programme should be maintained and strengthened by adding modules in data analysis, scientific communication and knowledge transfer.
Combination Therapy Revives Hope for Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Case Report
Authors: Parizad Naser , Hajimohammadi Kazem , Goli Rasoul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDiabetic foot ulcers, as one of the most debilitating complications of diabetes, can lead to amputation. Treatment and management of diabetic foot ulcers are among the most critical challenges for the patients and their families. Case presentationThe present case report is of a 63-year-old man with a 5-year history of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes who has had diabetic foot ulcers for the past three years on three sites of the left external ankle in the form of two deep circular ulcers with sizes of 6×4 cm and 6×8 cm, the sole as a superficial ulcer with a size of 6×3 cm, and the left heel as a deep skin groove. Moreover, the left hallux was completely gangrenous. The patient's ulcers were infected with Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Despite antibiotic therapy and routine dressing changes, the patient showed no improvement during the hospital stay. Accordingly, the patient was transferred to our service after consulting with the wound management team. Diabetic foot ulcers were treated and managed using a combination of maggot therapy, the Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT), and silver foam dressing. After three months and ten days, the patient's ulcers completely healed, and he was discharged from our service with the excellent and stable condition. Conclusions﻿Based on the present case report study's clinical results, wound-care teams can use the combination therapy applied in this study to treat refractory diabetic foot ulcers.
Association of firearm exposure during youth with lifetime incidence of suicide ideation and suicide attempts
Authors: Bryan Craig J. , Bryan AnnaBelle O. , Anestis Michael D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Preliminary evidence suggests firearm availability may increase the risk for suicide ideation and attempts, two common precursors to suicide death. Little is known about which aspects of firearm availability may account for this association. The primary purpose of this study was to examine associations among multiple dimensions of firearm availability with lifetime history of suicide ideation and attempts.Methods: A cross-sectional, anonymous survey was administered to 6200 U.S. adults from March 5, 2020, to March 17, 2020. Participants were asked to report firearm availability, firearm use, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors over the lifespan. Results: Rates of lifetime suicide ideation were significantly elevated among participants reporting a firearm in their childhood home (odds ratio [OR]=1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.1-1.5). Rates of lifetime suicide attempt were significantly elevated among participants reporting a firearm in their childhood home (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.5-2.2) and participants who first acquired a firearm before the age of 11 (OR=3.8, 95% CI=2.6-5.8). Among participant with a lifetime history of suicide ideation, rates of lifetime suicide attempt were significantly elevated among participants who first acquired a firearm before the age of 11 (OR=3.0, 95% CI=1.4-6.4), but this relationship was no longer significant when adjusting for demographics and negative affectivity (OR=2.4, 95% CI=0.96-6.0). Conclusions: Adults who were raised in a home with a firearm and/or first acquired a firearm were significantly more likely to have attempted suicide during their lives. Additional research examining the mechanisms by which early life firearm exposure might increase suicide risk across the lifespan is warranted.