bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shortened key growth periods of soybean observed in China under climate change
Authors: Tan Qinghua , Liu Yujie , Dai Liang , Pan Tao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhenology is an important indicator of global climate change. Revealing the spatiotemporal characteristics of crop phenology is vital for ameliorating the adverse effects of climate change and guiding regional agricultural production. This study evaluated the spatiotemporal variability of soybean’s phenological stages and key growth periods, and assessed their sensitivity to key climatic factors, utilizing a long-term dataset (1992–2018) of soybean phenology and associated meteorological data collected at 51 stations across China. The results showed that (1) during the soybean growing seasons from 1992 to 2018, the average temperature (0.34 ± 0.09 ℃ decade−1) and cumulative precipitation (6.66 ± 0.93 mm decade−1) increased, but cumulative sunshine hours (− 33.98 ± 1.05 h decade−1) decreased. (2) On a national scale, dates of sowing, emergence, trifoliate, anthesis, and podding of soybean were delayed, while the maturity date showed an advancing trend. The vegetative growth period (− 0.52 ± 0.24 days decade−1) and whole growth period (− 1.32 ± 0.30 days decade−1) of soybean were shortened, but the reproductive growth period (0.05 ± 0.26 days decade−1) was slightly extended. Trends in soybean phenological stages and key growth periods diverged in regions. Soybean phenological stages were delayed in Huang-Huai-Hai soybean zone, whereas advanced in southern soybean zone. Moreover, the key growth periods were greatly shortened in northern soybean zone. (3) In general, the sensitivity of soybean key growth periods to temperature was negative, whereas those to precipitation and sunshine hours differed among regions. In particular, most phenological stages were negatively sensitive to sunshine hours. Our results will provide scientific support for decision-making in agricultural production practices.
Olive leaf extract supplementation improves the vascular and metabolic alterations associated with aging in Wistar rats
Authors: González-Hedström Daniel , García-Villalón Ángel Luís , Amor Sara , de la Fuente-Fernández María , Almodóvar Paula , Prodanov Marin , Priego Teresa , Martín Ana Isabel , Inarejos-García Antonio Manuel , Granado Miriam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOlive leaves are rich in bioactive substances which exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, insulin-sensitizing and antihypertensive effects. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible beneficial effects of an olive leaf extract (OLE) rich in secoiridoids and phenolic compounds on the aging-induced metabolic and vascular alterations. Three experimental groups of rats were used: 3-month-old rats, 24-month-old rats and 24-month-old rats supplemented 21 days with OLE (100 mg/kg). Administration of OLE to aged rats decreased the weight of adrenal glands and prevented the aging-induced loss of body weight and muscle mass. In the serum, OLE reduced the circulating levels of LDL-cholesterol and IL-6 and increased the concentrations of leptin and adiponectin. In the liver OLE attenuated the decreased gene expression of SOD-1, GSR, GCK and GSK-3β and reduced the aging-induced overexpression of NOX-4, Alox-5, iNOS and TNF-α. In aorta segments, OLE prevented endothelial dysfunction and vascular insulin resistance and improved vasoconstriction in response to KCl and NA. Improvement in vascular function was associated with the attenuation of the alterations in the gene expression of COX-2, IL-6, GPx, NOX-1 and IL-10. In conclusion, OLE exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in aged rats and attenuates the alterations in vascular function associated with aging.
H3K4me2 ChIP-Seq reveals the epigenetic landscape during mushroom formation and novel developmental regulators of Schizophyllum commune
Authors: Vonk Peter Jan , Ohm Robin A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMushroom formation represents the most complex multicellular development in fungi. In the model mushroom Schizophyllum commune, comparative genomics and transcriptomics have previously resulted in a regulatory model of mushroom development. However, little is known about the role of epigenetic regulation. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) to determine the distribution of dimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me2), a mark for transcriptionally active genes, during monokaryotic and dikaryotic development. We identified a total of 6032 and 5889 sites during monokaryotic and dikaryotic development, respectively. The sites were strongly enriched near translation initiation sites of genes. Although the overall epigenetic landscape was similar between both conditions, we identified 837 sites of differential enrichment during monokaryotic or dikaryotic development, associated with 965 genes. Six transcription factor genes were enriched in H3K4me2 during dikaryotic development, indicating that these are epigenetically regulated during development. Deletion of two of these genes (fst1 and zfc7) resulted in arrested development of fruiting bodies, resulting in immature mushrooms. Together these results indicate that H3K4me2 ChIP-Seq is a powerful new tool to map the restructuring of the epigenetic landscape during mushroom development. Moreover, it can be used to identify novel developmental regulators.
Diamond formation from methane hydrate under the internal conditions of giant icy planets
Authors: Kadobayashi Hirokazu , Ohnishi Satoka , Ohfuji Hiroaki , Yamamoto Yoshitaka , Muraoka Michihiro , Yoshida Suguru , Hirao Naohisa , Kawaguchi-Imada Saori , Hirai Hisako 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHydrocarbon chemistry in the C–O–H system at high pressure and high temperature is important for modelling the internal structure and evolution of giant icy planets, such as Uranus and Neptune, as their interiors are thought to be mainly composed of water and methane. In particular, the formation of diamond from the simplest hydrocarbon, i.e., methane, under the internal conditions of these planets has been discussed for nearly 40 years. Here, we demonstrate the formation of diamond from methane hydrate up to 3800 K and 45 GPa using a CO2 laser-heated diamond anvil cell combined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy observations. The results show that the process of dissociation and polymerisation of methane molecules to produce heavier hydrocarbons while releasing hydrogen to ultimately form diamond proceeds at milder temperatures (~ 1600 K) and pressures (13–45 GPa) in the C–O–H system than in the C–H system due to the influence of water. Our findings suggest that diamond formation can also occur in the upper parts of the icy mantles of giant icy planets.
Hydrogen sulfide regulates hippocampal neuron excitability via S-sulfhydration of Kv2.1
Authors: Dallas Mark L. , Al-Owais Moza M. , Hettiarachchi Nishani T. , Vandiver Matthew Scott , Jarosz-Griffiths Heledd H. , Scragg Jason L. , Boyle John P. , Steele Derek , Peers Chris 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is gaining interest as a mammalian signalling molecule with wide ranging effects. S-sulfhydration is one mechanism that is emerging as a key post translational modification through which H2S acts. Ion channels and neuronal receptors are key target proteins for S-sulfhydration and this can influence a range of neuronal functions. Voltage-gated K+ channels, including Kv2.1, are fundamental components of neuronal excitability. Here, we show that both recombinant and native rat Kv2.1 channels are inhibited by the H2S donors, NaHS and GYY4137. Biochemical investigations revealed that NaHS treatment leads to S-sulfhydration of the full length wild type Kv2.1 protein which was absent (as was functional regulation by H2S) in the C73A mutant form of the channel. Functional experiments utilising primary rat hippocampal neurons indicated that NaHS augments action potential firing and thereby increases neuronal excitability. These studies highlight an important role for H2S in shaping cellular excitability through S-sulfhydration of Kv2.1 at C73 within the central nervous system.
Single neonatal dexamethasone administration has long-lasting outcome on depressive-like behaviour, Bdnf, Nt-3, p75ngfr and sorting receptors (SorCS1-3) stress reactive expression
Authors: Lanshakov D. A. , Sukhareva E. V. , Bulygina V. V. , Bannova A. V. , Shaburova E. V. , Kalinina T. S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElevated glucocorticoid level in the early postnatal period is associated with glucocorticoid therapy prescribed at preterm delivery most often has severe long-lasting neurodevelopmental and behavioural effects. Detailed molecular mechanisms of such programming action of antenatal glucocorticoids on behaviour are still poorly understood. To address this question we studied neurotrophins: Bdnf, Nt-3, Ngf and their receptors: p75ngfr, Sorcs3 expression changes after subcutaneous dexamethasone (DEX) 0.2 mg/kg injection to P2 rat pups. Neurotrophins expression level was studied in the hippocampus (HPC). Disturbances in these brain regions have been implicated in the emergence of multiple psychopathologies. p75ngfr and Sorcs3 expression was studied in the brainstem—region where monoamine neurons are located. Immunohistochemically P75NTR protein level changes after DEX were investigated in the brainstem Locus Coereleus norepinephrine neurons (NE). In the first hours after DEX administration elevation of neurotrophins expression in HPC and decline of receptor’s expression in the NE brainstem neurons were observed. Another critical time point during maturation is adolescence. Impact of elevated glucocorticoid level in the neonatal period and unpredictable stress (CMUS) at the end of adolescence on depressive-like behaviour was studied. Single neonatal DEX injection leads to decrease in depressive-like behaviour, observed in FST, independently from chronic stress. Neonatal DEX administration decreased Ntf3 and SorCS1 expression in the brainstem. Also Bdnf mRNA level in the brainstem of these animals didn’t decrease after FST. CMUS at the end of adolescence changed p75ngfr and SorCS3 expression in the brainstem in the animals that received single neonatal DEX administration.
SIRT1 promotes lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes and coordinates adipogenesis by targeting key enzymatic pathways
Authors: Majeed Yasser , Halabi Najeeb , Madani Aisha Y. , Engelke Rudolf , Bhagwat Aditya M. , Abdesselem Houari , Agha Maha V. , Vakayil Muneera , Courjaret Raphael , Goswami Neha , Hamidane Hisham Ben , Elrayess Mohamed A. , Rafii Arash , Graumann Johannes , Schmidt Frank , Mazloum Nayef A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 controls key metabolic functions by deacetylating target proteins and strategies that promote SIRT1 function such as SIRT1 overexpression or NAD+ boosters alleviate metabolic complications. We previously reported that SIRT1-depletion in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes led to C-Myc activation, adipocyte hyperplasia, and dysregulated adipocyte metabolism. Here, we characterized SIRT1-depleted adipocytes by quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics, gene-expression and biochemical analyses, and mitochondrial studies. We found that SIRT1 promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration in adipocytes and expression of molecules like leptin, adiponectin, matrix metalloproteinases, lipocalin 2, and thyroid responsive protein was SIRT1-dependent. Independent validation of the proteomics dataset uncovered SIRT1-dependence of SREBF1c and PPARα signaling in adipocytes. SIRT1 promoted nicotinamide mononucleotide acetyltransferase 2 (NMNAT2) expression during 3T3-L1 differentiation and constitutively repressed NMNAT1 and 3 levels. Supplementing preadipocytes with the NAD+ booster nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) during differentiation increased expression levels of leptin, SIRT1, and PGC-1α and its transcriptional targets, and reduced levels of pro-fibrotic collagens (Col6A1 and Col6A3) in a SIRT1-dependent manner. Investigating the metabolic impact of the functional interaction of SIRT1 with SREBF1c and PPARα and insights into how NAD+ metabolism modulates adipocyte function could potentially lead to new avenues in developing therapeutics for obesity complications.
Panels and models for accurate prediction of tumor mutation burden in tumor samples
Authors: Martínez-Pérez Elizabeth , Molina-Vila Miguel Angel , Marino-Buslje Cristina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is becoming standard-of-care in many types of human malignancies, but patient selection is still imperfect. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is being evaluated as a biomarker for ICB in clinical trials, but most of the sequencing panels used to estimate it are inadequately designed. Here, we present a bioinformatics-based method to select panels and mathematical models for accurate TMB prediction. Our method is based on tumor-specific, forward-step selection of genes, generation of panels using a linear regression algorithm, and rigorous internal and external validation comparing predicted with experimental TMB. As a result, we propose cancer-specific panels for 14 malignancies which can offer reliable, clinically relevant estimates of TMBs. Our work facilitates a better prediction of TMB that can improve the selection of patients for ICB therapy.
Code-Switching and Language Proficiency in Bilingual Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Kapantzoglou Maria , Brown Julie Esparza , Cycyk Lauren M. , Fergadiotis Gerasimos 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThis study examined the frequency of code-switching by Spanish–English-speaking children as a function of language proficiency in each language and diagnosis (developmental language disorder [DLD] or typical language development [TLD]).MethodSixty-two Spanish–English-speaking children, 5–7 years of age, participated in this study (24 with DLD and 38 with TLD). Language samples were used to determine the level of language proficiency in each language as a continuum of performance. Correlational analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between Spanish and English language proficiency and the frequency of code-switching considering the total number of code-switched words, intrasentential code-switching (i.e., number of sentences/C-units with code-switched parts), and intersentential code-switching (i.e., code-switched sentences/C-units). Negative binomial and zero-inflated Poisson regressions were conducted to evaluate whether the frequency of code-switched words, code-switched parts, and code-switched sentences is different across children with DLD and their peers with TLD, controlling for Spanish and English proficiency.ResultsWhen Spanish was the target language, lower proficiency in Spanish was associated with higher frequency of code-switches to English for the group with DLD, but not for their peers with TLD who code-switched to English regardless of their Spanish and English proficiency. There were no statistically significant effects of diagnosis on the frequency of code-switches.ConclusionResults indicate that code-switching occurs similarly across children with DLD and their peers with TLD; therefore, the frequency and type of code-switches should not be used as an indicator of DLD.
A Modeling-Guided Case Study of Disordered Speech in Minimally Verbal Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Chenausky Karen V. , Brignell Amanda , Morgan Angela T. , Norton Andrea C. , Tager-Flusberg Helen B. , Schlaug Gottfried , Guenther Frank H. 
Published: April 2021

PurposeUnderstanding what limits speech development in minimally verbal (MV) children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is important for providing highly effective targeted therapies. This preliminary investigation explores the extent to which developmental speech deficits predicted by Directions Into Velocities of Articulators (DIVA), a computational model of speech production, exemplify real phenotypes.MethodImplementing a motor speech disorder in DIVA predicted that speech would become highly variable within and between tokens, while implementing a motor speech plus an auditory processing disorder predicted that DIVA's speech would become highly centralized (schwa-like). Acoustic analyses of DIVA's output predicted that acoustically measured phoneme distortion would be similar between the two cases, but that in the former case, speech would show more within- and between-token variability than in the latter case. We tested these predictions quantitatively on the speech of children with MV ASD. In Study 1, we tested the qualitative predictions using perceptual analysis methods. Speech pathologists blinded to the purpose of the study tallied the signs of childhood apraxia of speech that appeared in the speech of 38 MV children with ASD. K-means clustering was used to create two clusters from the group of 38, and analysis of variance was used to determine whether the clusters differed according to perceptual features corresponding to within- and between-token variability. In Study 2, we employed acoustic analyses on the speech of the child from each cluster who produced the largest number of analyzable tokens to test the predictions of differences in within-token variability, between-token variability, and vowel space area.ResultsClusters produced by k-means analysis differed by perceptual features that corresponded to within-token variability. Nonsignificant differences between clusters were found for features corresponding to between-token variability. Subsequent acoustic analyses of the selected cases revealed that the speech of the child from the high-variability cluster showed significantly more quantitative within- and between-token variability than the speech of the child from the low-variability cluster. The vowel space of the child from the low-variability cluster was more centralized than that of typical children and that of the child from the high-variability cluster.ConclusionsResults provide preliminary evidence that subphenotypes of children with MV ASD may exist, characterized by (a) comorbid motor speech disorder and (b) comorbid motor speech plus auditory processing disorder. The results motivate testable predictions about how these comorbidities affect speech.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14384432
Sessile serrated lesion detection rates during average risk screening colonoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature
Authors: Desai Madhav , Anderson Joseph C. , Kaminski Michael , Thoguluva Chandrasekar Viveksandeep , Fathallah Jihan , Hassan Cesare , Lieberman David , Sharma Prateek 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Sessile serrated lesion (SSL) detection rate has been variably reported and unlike adenoma detection rate (ADR) is not currently a quality indicator for screening colonoscopy. Composite detection rates of SSL in patients undergoing average risk screening colonoscopy are not available.
Methods Electronic database search (Medline, Embase and Cochrane) was conducted for studies reporting detection rates of serrated polyps (SSL, Hyperplastic polyp, traditional serrated adenoma) among average risk subjects undergoing screening colonoscopy. Primary outcomes were pooled SDR (SSL detection rate) and proximal serrated polyp detection rate (PSPDR). Pooled proportion rates were calculated with 95 %CI with assessment of heterogeneity (I2). Publication bias, regression test and 95 %prediction interval were calculated.
Results A total of 280,370 screening colonoscopies among average risk subjects that were eligible with 48.9 % males and an average age of 58.7 years (± 3.2). The pooled SDR was available from 16 studies: 2.5 % (1.8 %–3.4 %) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 98.66 %) and the 95 % prediction interval ranging from 0.6 % to 9.89 %. When analysis was restricted to large (n > 1000) and prospective studies (n = 4), SDR was 2 % (1.1 %–3.3 %). Pooled PSPDR was 10 % (8.5 %–11.8 %; 12 studies). There was evidence of publication bias (P < 0.01).
Conclusion Definitions of SSL have been varying over years and there exists significant heterogeneity in prevalence reporting of serrated polyps during screening colonoscopy. Prevalence rate of 2 % for SSL and 10 % for proximal serrated polyps could serve as targets while robust high-quality data is awaited to find a future benchmark showing reduction in colorectal cancer arising from serrated pathway.
Intraoperative Computed Tomography in Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery
Authors: Keil Holger , Vetter Sven Y. , Grützner Paul Alfred , Franke Jochen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background When using mobile 3D C-arms, impairments in image quality occur due to artefacts caused by metal implants as well as to the limited field of view. To avoid these
restrictions, special computed tomography devices were designed, in order to improve image quality and to meet requirements for intraoperative usage.
Objectives To analyse practicability and benefits of a mobile intraoperative CT device (Airo, Brainlab, Munich, Germany) on the basis of several parameters that were obtained during
a 40-month period.
Materials and Methods All procedures that were performed with usage of intraoperative CT between January 2017 and April 2020 were analysed with respect to anatomical region, count of
scans, duration of scans, consequences drawn from the scans and use of navigation.
Results 354 CT-scans were performed in 171 patients (mean 2.07 [1 – 6] scans per procedure). 47.81% of the procedures were spinal, 52.19% affected the pelvis. 83% of the procedures
were navigated. In 22% of patients, improvement in implant placement or reduction was achieved; in most patients (55%), a guidewire for pedicle screws was corrected. The mean scan duration
was 10.33 s (3.54 – 21.72).
Conclusions Use of intraoperative CT was reliable and helpful. Integration in OR standards requires more effort than mobile 3D C-arms. Image quality was outstanding for
intraoperative conditions and allowed proper assessment of implant placement and reduction in all cases. Due to the high financial outlay of the system and the good image quality of 3D
C-arms in the extremities, we assume that this procedure can be applied in intraoperative CT in traumatological cases in spinal and pelvic surgery in high-level trauma centres.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Endometriosis. Guideline of the DGGG, SGGG and OEGGG (S2k Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/045, August 2020)
Authors: Burghaus Stefanie , Schäfer Sebastian D. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Brandes Iris , Brünahl Christian , Chvatal Radek , Drahoňovský Jan , Dudek Wojciech , Ebert Andreas D. , Fahlbusch Christine , Fehm Tanja , Fehr Peter Martin , Hack Carolin C. , Häuser Winfried , Hancke Katharina , Heinecke Volker , Horn Lars-Christian , Houbois Christian , Klapp Christine , Kramer Heike , Krentel Harald , Langrehr Jan , Matuschewski Heike , Mayer Ines , Mechsner Sylvia , Müller Andreas , Müller Armelle , Müller Michael , Oppelt Peter , Papathemelis Thomas , Renner Stefan P. , Schmidt Dietmar , Schüring Andreas , Schweppe Karl-Werner , Seeber Beata , Siedentopf Friederike , Sirbu Horia , Soeffge Daniela , Weidner Kerstin , Zraik Isabella , Ulrich Uwe Andreas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aims The aim of this official guideline published and coordinated by the German Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) in cooperation with the Austrian Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics (OEGGG) and the Swiss Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics (SGGG) was to provide consensus-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis based on an evaluation of the relevant literature.
Methods This S2k guideline represents the structured consensus of a representative panel of experts with different professional backgrounds commissioned by the Guideline Committee of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG.
Recommendations Recommendations on the epidemiology, aetiology, classification, symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis are given and special situations are discussed.