bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Housing, Urban Development and Health in Latin America: Contrasts, Inequalities and Challenges
Authors: Assis Comaru Francisco de , Faria Westphal Marcia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Since the outset of the 201 h century, growing urbanization and its contingent waxing populations in Latin America, including Brazil, have come to have alarming effects on the conditions of life, especially in the areas of housing and healthcare for such populations. In this paper, we present data describing and qualifying the process of urbanization and its consequences for Latin American countries and certain Brazilian cities. Arguments are presented about the effects of the urbanization process and the development of low-income human settlements (slums known as favelas and squatting in tenement housing) on health conditions, diseases, and the death rate. The first part of the paper is based on secondary and quantitative data about urbanization, housing, and health in Brazilian and other Latin American cities. Governmental and nongovernmental data are used to structure the problematic landscape of the Latin American region. In the second part of the paper, we focus on a case study of a Brazilian coast city that has registered an intense population growth. This study demonstrates that urban policy (housing, environmental, sanitation, and urban transportation) requires an integration of health and environmental public policy and demonstrates the importance of the role of popular participation in urban public policy-making, and the potential importance of the Bertiioga Healthy City Project from the perspective of a better integration of actions, policies, and programs.
Advances in imaging acute ischemic stroke: evaluation before thrombectomy
Authors: He Guangchen , Wei Liming , Lu Haitao , Li Yuehua , Zhao Yuwu , Zhu Yueqi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent advances in neuroimaging have demonstrated significant assessment benefits and appropriate triage of patients based on specific clinical and radiological features in the acute stroke setting. Endovascular thrombectomy is arguably the most important aspect of acute stroke management with an extended time window. Imaging-based physiological information may potentially shift the treatment paradigm from a rigid time-based model to a more flexible and individualized, tissue-based approach, increasing the proportion of patients amenable to treatment. Various imaging modalities are routinely used in the diagnosis and management of acute ischemic stroke, including multimodal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, these imaging methods should provide information beyond the presence or absence of intracranial hemorrhage as well as the presence and extent of the ischemic core, collateral circulation and penumbra in patients with neurological symptoms. Target mismatch may optimize selection of patients with late or unknown symptom onset who would potentially be eligible for revascularization therapy. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the current evidence about efficacy and theoretical basis of present imaging modalities, and explores future directions for imaging in the management of acute ischemic stroke.
Determinants of pain occurrence in dance teachers
Authors: Haenel Jasmin , Schoettker-Koeniger Thomas , Groneberg David A. , Wanke Eileen M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Dance teachers are strongly dependent on their functional body in their professional practice. As yet, it has largely been unclear whether the musculoskeletal system is endangered by a dance teaching activity. Pain can be a warning signal for a health hazard. The aims of the study were (a) to determine the pain prevalence, location and assessment of dance teachers and (b) to identify determinants of pain occurrence over a 3-month period prior to the survey.

Methods
The quantitative, retrospective cohort study was conducted with n=166 dance teachers by an anonymous online survey. The data on the study sample, professional practice and pain prevalence, location and assessment were presented descriptively. A binary logistic regression was used to identify determinants of pain occurrence in the last 3 months from the sample parameters and the data of professional practice.

Results
In the 3-month period n=143 (86.1%) of dance teachers had been in pain, often localized in the lower back and lower extremities. In the binary logistic regression model, the Body mass index (BMI) (odds ratio (OR)=1.15, 95% CI: 0.93–1.42, p=0.18), age (OR=1.03, 95% CI: 0.99–1.08, p=0.11) and the presence of disease (OR=2.81, 95% CI: 0.78–10.15, p=0.12) were identified as determinants of pain occurrence (LR-Chi2=7.8, p<0.05, pseudo R2=0.06, n=160).

Conclusions
Pain occurs in dance teachers under multifactorial conditions. Pain occurrence seems to be favored by context factors, such as the BMI, age and the presence of diseases. However, none of these factors could be identified as a significant, clear risk factor for the occurrence of pain in this sample. Education and preventive measures, that consider pain as a warning signal, should take effect early in the dance career.
Although tapentadol and oxycodone both increase colonic volume, tapentadol treatment resulted in softer stools and less constipation: a mechanistic study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Mark Esben Bolvig , Frøkjær Jens Brøndum , Hansen Tine Maria , Nedergaard Rasmus Bach , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Opioids are often used in treatment of severe pain, although many patients experience gastrointestinal side-effects like constipation. The aim of the current study was to investigate changes in colonic volume, as the result of both colonic motility and fluid transport, in healthy volunteers during opioid treatment with tapentadol as compared with oxycodone and placebo.

Methods
In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study, 21 healthy male volunteers were administered equianalgesic dosages of oral tapentadol (50 mg bid), oxycodone (10 mg bid) or corresponding placebo for 14 days. Segmental colonic volumes were quantified using T2-weighted magnetic resonance images, and gastrointestinal side-effects were assessed with questionnaires.

Results
Total colonic volume increase during treatment was higher during tapentadol and oxycodone treatment (median 48 and 58 mL) compared to placebo (median −14 mL, both p≤0.003). Tapentadol (and placebo) treatment resulted in more bowel movements (both p<0.05) and softer stool consistency as compared with oxycodone (both p<0.01). Only oxycodone treatment was associated with increased constipation, straining during defecation, and tiredness (all p≤0.01). The colonic volume increase during treatment was directly associated with softer stools during tapentadol treatment (p=0.019).

Conclusions
Tapentadol treatment increased colonic volume without leading to harder stools, likely as the opioid sparing effects result in less water absorption from the gut lumen. Oxycodone treatment also increased colonic volume, but with a simultaneous increase in stool dryness and gastrointestinal and central nervous system side-effects. The results confirm that tapentadol treatment may be advantageous to oxycodone regarding tolerability to pain treatment.
Tertullian on the Afterlife: “Only Martyrs are in Heaven” and Other Misunderstandings
Authors: Wilhite David E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Perpetua only saw martyrs in heaven, according to Tertullian, De anima 55,4. This passage has perplexed scholars, since Tertullian seems to be referring to Saturus’s vision, not Perpetua’s (Passio Perpetuae et Felicitatis 13,8). Additionally, Tertullian’s citation is part of his larger argument against the Valentinians, in which he makes the peculiar claim that the souls of the dead are “below” (inferi) with the exception of the martyrs who are in Paradise. I contend that Tertullian’s claim has been misunderstood in the last few decades of scholarship because of a failure to contextualize his remark within his rhetorical strategy. Disentangling Tertullian’s convictions from his rhetoric is notoriously difficult, and yet by reading Tertullian as fully immersed in the tactics from the Second Sophistic Movement recent scholars have made great advances in our understanding of this North African Christian writer. Several of Tertullian’s other works provide counter-evidence to the idea that only martyrs go to heaven: specifically, Tertullian further defines “heaven,” its location, and its occupants; additionally, Tertullian clarifies who is a “martyr” in his wider oeuvre. When Tertullian’s own teachings on the afterlife are retrieved, then one can re-read De anima to see how Tertullian has cloaked these with rhetorical devices meant to refute the Valentinian notion of the soul’s ascent through multiple heavens. This idea that Tertullian believed only martyrs gain immediate access to heaven—which has often been repeated in the most recent century’s secondary literature—is itself a misunderstanding of earlier modern scholarship.
Ascèse et liturgie dans l’Orient chrétien. Coutumes monastiques à l’enfermement d’un reclus
Authors: Oltean Daniel , Youssef Youhanna N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on the ancient Greek and Coptic euchologia containing a little-known monastic liturgical ritual used when a monk exchanged his coenobitic way of life for a solitary one. The oldest Greek manuscripts which preserve this ritual date back to the 10th century. In the Coptic environment, it is found in manuscripts from the 14th century. Nevertheless, long before these dates, Syriac literary sources mention an office for the blessing of the monastic cells, which contains several elements in common with the Greek and Coptic liturgical texts. As the ritual is no longer included in the modern euchologia, the article highlights the traces of the custom and the monastic reasons of this tacitly accepted forgetfulness.
All waves have a zero tunneling time
Authors: Nimtz Günter , Aichmann Horst 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Zero tunneling time and thereby a faster than light traversal velocity was calculated nearly a hundred years ago and has been observed recently. We report about experimental results and estimations, which confirm the zero time tunneling for elastic as well as for electromagnetic and Schrödinger waves. Zero time tunneling was first observed with microwaves 1992 (H. Aichmann and G. Nimtz, Found. Phys., vol. 44, p. 678, 2014; A. Enders and G. Nimtz, J. Phys. I, vol. 2, p. 169, 1992). In 2008, zero time was also observed for tunneling electrons (P. Eckle, A. N. Pfeiffer, C. Cirelli, et al., Science, vol. 322, p. 1525, 2008). Presumably, this effect took place with atoms quite recently (R. Ramos, D. Spierings, I. Racicot, and A. M. Steinberg, Nature, vol. 583, p. 529, 2020). The Einstein relation E
2 = (ħk)2
c
2 is not satisfied in the tunneling process, since the wave number k is imaginary (E is the total energy, ħ the Planck constant, and c the vacuum velocity of light), Zero time tunneling is described by virtual photons (A. Stahlhofen and G. Nimtz, Europhys. Lett., vol. 76, p. 189, 2006). The tunneling process itself violates the Special Theory of Relativity. Remarkably, Brillouin conjectured that wave mechanics is valid for all waves independent of their field (L. Brillouin, Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures, Chap. VIII, New York, Dover Publications, 1953).
Oral Contraceptives Do Not Affect Physiological Responses to Strength Exercise
Authors: Umlauff Lisa , Weil Peter , Zimmer Philipp , Hackney Anthony C. , Bloch Wilhelm , Schumann Moritz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Umlauff, L, Weil, P, Zimmer, P, Hackney, AC, Bloch, W, and Schumann, M. Oral contraceptives do not affect physiological responses to strength exercise. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 894–901, 2021—This study investigated the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use on acute changes in steroid hormone concentrations and tryptophan (TRP) metabolites in response to strength exercise. Twenty-one women (age: 23 ± 3 years), 8 combined OC users (OC group) and 13 naturally cycling women (menstrual cycle [MC] group), participated. Testing was performed during the pill-free interval for the OC group and the follicular phase for the MC group. Subjects completed an intense strength exercise protocol (4 × 10 repetitions back squat). Blood samples were taken at baseline (T0), post-exercise (T1), and after 24 hours (T2) to determine serum concentrations of cortisol, estradiol, testosterone, TRP, and kynurenine (KYN). Statistical significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05. At T0, the OC group showed higher cortisol (OC: 493.7 ± 47.1 ng·mL−1, MC: 299.1 ± 62.7 ng·mL−1, p < 0.001) and blood lactate (OC: 1.81 ± 0.61 mmol·L−1, MC: 1.06 ± 0.30 mmol·L−1, p = 0.001) and lower estradiol (OC: 31.12 ± 4.24 pg·mL−1, MC: 38.34 ± 7.50 pg·mL−1, p = 0.023) and KYN (OC: 1.15 ± 0.23 µmol·L−1, MC: 1.75 ± 0.50 µmol·L−1, p = 0.005). No significant interactions (group × time, p > 0.05) were found for the hormones and TRP metabolites assessed. Oral contraceptive use did not affect the physiological response of steroid hormones and TRP metabolites to acute strength exercise during the low hormone phase of the contraceptive or MC in healthy young women, even when some baseline concentrations differed between groups. Consequently, these findings provide important implications for practitioners testing heterogeneous groups of female athletes.
Can Injuries Be Predicted by Functional Movement Screen in Adolescents? The Application of Machine Learning
Authors: Karuc Josip , Mišigoj-Duraković Marjeta , Šarlija Marko , Marković Goran , Hadžić Vedran , Trošt-Bobić Tatjana , Sorić Maroje 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Karuc, J, Mišigoj-Duraković, M, Šarlija, M, Marković, G, Hadžić, V, Trošt-Bobić, T, and Sorić, M. Can injuries be predicted by functional movement screen in adolescents? The application of machine learning. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 910–919, 2021—This study used machine learning (ML) to predict injuries among adolescents by functional movement testing. This research is a part of the CRO-PALS study conducted in a representative sample of adolescents and analyses for this study are based on nonathletic (n = 364) and athletic (n = 192) subgroups of the cohort (16–17 years). Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), body fatness, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), training hours per week, Functional Movement Screen (FMS), and socioeconomic status were assessed at baseline. A year later, data on injury occurrence were collected. The optimal cut-point of the total FMS score for predicting injury was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve. These predictors were included in ML analyses with calculated metrics: area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses with associated criterium of total FMS score >12 showed AUC of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.48–0.59) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.47–0.63), for the nonathletic and athletic youth, respectively. However, in the nonathletic subgroup, ML showed that the Naïve Bayes exhibited highest AUC (0.58), whereas in the athletic group, logistic regression was demonstrated as the model with the best predictive accuracy (AUC: 0.62). In both subgroups, with given predictors: sex, age, BMI, body fat percentage, MVPA, training hours per week, socioeconomic status, and total FMS score, ML can give a more accurate prediction then FMS alone. Results indicate that nonathletic boys who have lower-body fat could be more prone to suffer from injury incidence, whereas among athletic subjects, boys who spend more time training are at a higher risk of being injured. Conclusively, total FMS cut-off scores for each subgroup did not successfully discriminate those who suffered from those who did not suffer from injury, and, therefore, our research does not support FMS as an injury prediction tool.
Research on Magnetic-Vibration Combination Treatment Based on Multifield Coupled Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Huang Gang , Zhang Qingdong , Li Shuo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the three-dimensional simulation modeling of the magnetic-vibration combination residual stress reduction device was established based on the multifield coupled finite element analysis, and the residual stress reduction method of magnetic-vibration combination treatment was researched. The placement mode of the electromagnetic device and the factors affecting the effect of the magnetic-vibration combination reduction were comprehensively studied. The results showed that when the electromagnetic device was placed vertically, it was more beneficial to reduce the residual stress. The electromagnetic frequency was the maximal factor to affect the magnetic-vibration combination, and the factors that followed were voltage, material performance, exciting force, and exciting frequency. The greater the electrical conductivity of the material was, the lower the magnetic induction intensity was. The thicker the steel plate was, the easier it was to magnetize, but it was not conducive to vibration, and there was an optimal thickness under a certain set of parameters. Applying tension to the steel plate was beneficial to increase magnetization to reduce stress, and the aforementioned results of the simulation were consistent with the experimental results. The simulation study in this paper provided theoretical support for the process parameter setting of magnetic-vibration combination treatment to reduce residual stress.
Efek Akut Pemberian Asam Amino Citrulin Alami Terhadap Kekuatan Otot
Authors: Setiowati Anies , Sumartiningsih Sri 
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisa efek akut asam amino sitrulin alami terhadap kekuatan otot. Metode penelitian dengan desain -post test controlled group design. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiwa IKOR FIK dibagi secara acak menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok sitrulin. Perlakuan pada kelompok sitrulin berupa pemberian jus semangka 428 ml (600-700 g daging buah semangka) kandungan sitrulin sebesar 1 mg. sedang pada kelompok control diberikan placebo yaitu air sirup. Jus semangka ataupun air sirup diberikan 60 menit sebelum dilakukan tes kekuatan otot yaitu kekuatan otot tungkai, punggung, bahu dan genggam tangan dengan menggunakan Dynamometer. Data dianalisis diuji T-test dengan SPSS. Hasil penelitian: rerata kekuatan otot total diperoleh dari hasil penjumalahan kekuatan otot punggung, tungkai, bahu, genggam tangan. Retata kekuatan otot total kelompok kontrol 362,98±87,26 kg, kelompok perlakuan critrulline alami (semangka) 378,46±128,23, p=0,782. Tidak terdapat perbedaan efek akut asam amino sitrulin alami terhadap kekuatan otot
Pentingnya Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Indonesia
Authors: Rahmatullah Indra 
Published: February 2021

Abstrak: Masa pandemi mengakibatkan dampak yang besar pada sendi kehidupan manusia. Salah satunya kegiatan dan mobilitas sosial lebih banyak dilakukan di rumah. Dimulai dari bekerja, belajar, belanja sampai beribadah di rumah. Besarnya porsi kegiatan yang dilakukan di rumah menjadikan aktivitas digital tidak dapat dihindari. Namun demikian, besarnya aktivitas itu belum diimbangi dengan perlindungan hukum terhadap data pribadi setiap orang di Indonesia. Pelanggaran terhadap data pribadi sering kali terjadi seperti data pribadi yang bocor ke publik. Data tersebut terdiri atas nama, nomor KTP, nomor telepon, alamat email, alamat rumah, informasi kesehatan, dan lain sebagainya yang sifatnya rahasia sehingga rentan disalahgunakan oleh orang-orang yang tidak bertanggungjawab. Untuk menganalisis masalah ini digunakan metode yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Perlindungan data pribadi merupakan bagian dari Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) sehingga negara wajib melindungi kerahasiaan data pribadi seseorang. Ironinya, perangkat hukum di Indonesia belum cukup memadai, karena masih tersebarnya peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur data pribadi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sebuah Undang-Undang khusus yang mengatur perlindungan data pribadi di Indonesia secara komprehensif. Katakunci: Data Pribadi, Digital dan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM)
Reduction dimensionality of hyperspectral imagery using genetic algorithm and mutual information and normalized mutual information as a fitness function
Authors: Maria Merzouqi , El Kebir Sarhrouni , Ahmed Hammouch 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHyperspectral images (HSI) present a wealth of information. It is distinguished by its high dimensionality. It served humanity in many fields. The quantity of HSI information represents a double-edged sword. As a consequence, their dimensionality must be reduced. Nowadays, several methods are proposed to overcome their duress. The most useful and essential solution is selection approaches of hyperspectral bands to analyze it quickly. Our work suggests a novel method to achieve this selection: we introduce a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based on mutual information (MI) and Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) as fitness functions. It selects the relevant bands from noisiest and redundant ones that don’t contain any additional information. .The proposed method is applied to three different HSI: INDIAN PINE, PAVIA, and SALINAS. The introduced algorithm provides a remarkable efficiency on the accuracy of the classification, in front of other statistical methods: the Bhattacharyya coefficient as well as the inter-bands correlation (Pearson correlation). We conclude that the measure of information (MI, NMI) provides more efficiency as a fitness function for GA selection applied to HSI; it must be more investigated.