bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Triage Variations Among Nurses, Pediatric and Emergency Residents Using the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale
Authors: Alshaibi Saleh , AlBassri Tala , AlQeuflie Suliman , Philip Winnie , Alharthy Nesrin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEmergency care continues to be a challenge, since patients’ arrival is unscheduled and could occur at the same time which may fill the Emergency Department with non-urgent patients. Triaging is an integral part of every busy ED. The Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) is considered to accurate tool to be used outside Canada. This study aims to identify the chosen triage level and compare the variation between registered nurses, pediatric and adult emergency residents by using CTAS cases.MethodThis study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire was used, and which contains 15 case scenarios with different triage levels. All cases were adopted from a Canadian triage course after receiving permission. Each case provides the patient’s symptoms, clinical signs and mode of arrival to the ED. The participants were instructed to assign a triage level using the following scale: 1=resuscitation, 2=emergent, 3=urgent, 4=less urgent, and 5=non-urgent. A non-random sampling technique was used for this study.ResultA total of 151 participants completed the study questionnaire. 73 (48.34%) were nurses and 78 (51.66%) were residents (42 pediatric residents and 36 emergency residents).Each participant was given a score based on the correct answer for the case scenario. A mean score was compared among the nurses, pediatric residents and emergency residents. Since our data were not normally distributed, we used the Kruskal-Wallis test to observe statistical differences between the groups. The Kruskal Wallis Post-Hoc test was performed to see which groups were statistically significant, and it was found that there was a significant difference between nurses and pediatrics residents (P value < 0.001). Moreover, there were no significant differences found between nurses and ER residents (P value > 0.05).ConclusionThe triaging system was found to be a very important tool to prioritize patients based on their complaints. The results showed that nurses had the greatest experience in implementing patients on the right triage level. On the other hand, ER and pediatric residents demonstrated a need to develop more knowledge about CTAS and become exposed more to the triaging system during their training.
Introducing an economic agricultural water distribution in a hyper-arid region: a case study in Iran
Authors: Khiabani Mehdi Yaltaghian , Shahdany Seied Mehdy Hashemy , Hassani Yousef , Maestre Jose M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOperational management of agricultural water based on an economic perspective was investigated as a sustainable approach in water shortage periods. Accordingly, an automatic water distribution system was coupled with the Positive Mathematical Programming economic model for a sustainable agricultural water operation in the Roodasht irrigation network, Iran. Operational management was carried out based on the economic value of water in each irrigated unit. According to the results, the existing operating system was able to supply 71 and 22% of farmers’ water requirements under normal and water shortage conditions, respectively. However, employing the proposed automated operational-economic approach reduced water consumption by 14.3%, while maintaining the cultivation area by 11% and increasing farmers’ net profit to 840,000 USD under water scarcity. The economic operation can reduce water losses, implement economic strategies in those districts without water marketing mechanisms, and provide sustainable management of limited water resources in hyper-arid regions.
Long-term evaluation of soil salinization risks under different climate change scenarios in a semi-arid region of Tunisia
Authors: Kanzari Sabri , Jaziri Rim , Ali Khouloud Ben , Daghari Issam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The project ‘Research and Training on Irrigation with Saline Water in Tunisia’, with the project report published by UNESCO in 1970, was set up to specify Tunisian standards for the use of saline water and to mitigate their effects on crop yields. The objective of this study is to assess the risk of long-term soil salinization by considering the agricultural practices mentioned in the project for the ‘Water Quality’ experiment in the semi-arid region of Cherfech (Tunisia). A Hydrus-1D model was used to simulate the movement of water and the transfer of salts. Soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters were estimated using inverse modeling. Calibration and validation of the model were made for the water and salt profiles carried out with four irrigation qualities QA, QB, QC and QD. Four scenarios over 50 years were studied: (i) S1 with rainfall (400 mm) only; (ii) S2 with rainfall and irrigation (1,400 mm); (iii) S3 with a 2 °C increase in temperature; (iv) S4 with the addition of 100 mm·d−1 of rainfall. The four scenarios highlighted the high risk of soil salinization, especially for the QB, QC and QD qualities after 20 years of irrigation and the deep dynamics of water and salts beyond the root zone which increases the risk of groundwater salinization.
Optimization of Congo red dye adsorption from wastewater by a modified commercial zeolite catalyst using response surface modeling approach
Authors: Khalaf Intisar Hussain , Al-Sudani Farah Talib , AbdulRazak Adnan A. , Aldahri Tahani , Rohani Sohrab 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the present work, Zeolite A was modified by using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMABr) for adsorption of the Congo red (CR) dye from synthetic aqueous solutions. The Modified Zeolite A (MZA) was characterized by XRD, SEM, and FTIR. The influence of solution pH (in the 4–12 range), ionic strength (0.1–1 M), contact time (180 min), initial CR concentration (20–60 mg/L), temperature (24–36 °C), and an adsorbent dose (1–3 g m/L) on the % dye removal and adsorbent capacity were studied. A combined effect of the initial CR concentration and temperature on the CR removal % by MZA was also studied by applying response surface methodology (RSM). Experimental values were in a good agreement with those predicated by a second-order quartic model. A maximum of 99.24% dye removal and adsorbent capacity of 21.11 mg/g was achieved under the following conditions: pH = 7, initial CR concentration = 60 mg/L, temperature = 24 °C, ionic strength = 0.1 M, adsorbent dose = 3 g/L and 90 min contact time. The equilibrium data were subjected to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms, with the latter providing the best fit while kinetic adsorption studies were conducted by applying three models. The results indicated that the removal process was best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The present study demonstrates that modified MZA can be utilized for the highly efficient CR dye removal.
Statistically Designed Extraction of Herbs Using Ultrasound Waves: A Review
Authors: Arya Ashwani , Chahal Rubal , Nanda Arun , Kaushik Deepak , Bin-Jumah May , Rahman Md. Habibur , Abdel-Daim Mohamed M. , Mittal Vineet 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Extraction is the foremost step to isolate the natural constituents from a medicinal
plant and leads the process of development of herbal formulation from bench to bed.

Introduction:
In the field of extraction, the optimization approach helps in achieving better yield and quality
where a response of concern is determined or influenced by various variables. This review aimed at congregating
the application of different statistical designs (CCD/BBD) to optimize the Ultrasound assisted extraction
(UAE) parameters for the recovery of various plant actives belonging to different categories.

Methodology:
The literature published during the last decade in the various reputed databases (Web of Science,
Pubmed, Scopus) was reviewed and compiled to reveal the role of response surface methodology in optimizing
the influential parameters involved in the ultrasound assisted extraction of herbs.

Conclusion:
From the present investigations, it can be concluded that the different variables, such as sonication
power, temperature, time, solute to solvent ratio are generally optimized in UAE of herbs. Moreover, it has also
been evidenced from the review of published data that the flavonoids/phenolic acids (>50%) leads the race for
the extraction of plants using sound waves. It can be said that the statistically designed UAE has a vast prospective
in bringing about a green mutiny in the herbal drug industry and the modeling of various parameters shall
be able to absolutely build up a complete drug innovation course (bench to bed).
The Effect of Pre-operative Autologous Blood Donation on Bone Marrow
Hematopoietic Functions in Rabbits after Hepatectomy
Authors: Zhou Xiao-Fang , Liu Yang , Xu Jia-Ming , Wang Jin-Huo , Li Zhen-Zhou , Zhou Xun , Guo Jian-Rong 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Pre-operative autologous blood donation (PABD) is one of the most widely
distributed autologous blood donation means, which has positive effects on erythropoiesis. However,
whether PABD can stimulate the bone marrow hematopoiesis after hepatectomy has not been reported.

Methods:
Totally 80 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups that included control
group, surgery group, hemodilutional autotransfusion (HA) group and PABD group. Automatic reticulocyte
examination was performed to detect the content of reticulocyte and immature reticulocyte
fractions (IRF). Flow cytometric analysis was employed to monitor the level of CD34+ cells and the
cell cycle status. Southern blotting was conducted to determine the telomere length of CD34+ cells.

Results:
The content of high fluorescence reticulocytes (HFR) and IRF was decreased at 6 h and 24 h
after autotransfusion. However, the level of CD34+ cells was upregulated after PABD. Cell cycle
status analysis revealed that the majority of the CD34+ cells in HA and PABD group were maintained
in G0/G1 phase. The telomere length in HA and PABD group was shortened than that of the control
group and surgery group.

Conclusion:
PABD could promote the bone marrow hematopoietic functions in rabbits after hepatectomy
via stimulating proliferation of CD34+ cells and shortening the telomere length of CD34+ cells,
but the content of HFR was not increased immediately because of the stuck of CD34+ cells in the
G0/G1 phase.
Reducing Contact Resistance of Carbon Nanotubes by Doping of Nickel
Nanoparticles
Authors: Liang Zhiqi , Dong Shuai , Chang Chunrui , Zhang Zhiming , An Libao 
Published: February 2021

Background:
In micro- and nano-electronic devices, there is often a high contact resistance
between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and metals, which leads to the heating of electronic devices
and the loss of a large amount of energy. Doping will be used to improve the electrical contact
performance between CNTs and metals.

Significance:
A simple and low-cost electroless deposition technique is used to prepare nickel-doped
carbon nanotubes (CNT-Ni) under different doping conditions and explore the influence of different
nickel (Ni) doped samples on the electrical contact properties of CNTs.

Method:
In this study, the transition metal Ni was chosen to prepare CNT-Ni by electroless deposition
method using nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2•6H2O) as a medium. The morphology and
structure of treated CNTs were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission
electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectrometer,
and ultraviolet photoelectron spectrometer (UPS). The contact resistance between CNTs and metals
was measured by inductance capacitance resistance (LCR) tester.

Result:
The morphological characterization results showed that the incorporated Ni nanoparticles
had moderate particle size and good combination with CNTs. The structural characterization indicated
that the core component of the doped nanoparticles was transition metal element Ni, and the doping
type was P-type, with the significantly increased work function of the doped CNTs. And the average
value of the contact resistance between the Ni-doped CNTs and the gold electrode decreased
by nearly 71.63%.

Conclusion:
This doping method can be used to effectively reduce the contact resistance between
CNTs and metals. The research on the preparation of CNT-Ni is of practical significance in reducing
the heating of electronic devices in practical use and then improving the performance and service life
of devices.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2: A Doorway for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Pandey Vikas , Kanwar Indu Lata , Haider Tanweer , Gour Vishal , Vishwakarma Monika , Bakshi Avijit Kumar , Yadav Ravishankar , Soni Vandana 
Published: February 2021

:
The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-
-2) has become a pandemic, as declared by WHO in March 2020 producing deleterious effects on
patients worldwide. The angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) has been recognized as the coreceptor
for SARS-CoV-2 infections and may act as a therapeutic step in blocking the enzyme to reduce
SARS-CoV-2 expression and further cellular entry. Presently, the role of ACE-2 in coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been known and the experts have started working
on the enzyme ACE-2 for the management and treatment of this pandemic disease. The binding of
spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 to these receptors is the most important step and plays a key role
in viral replication, thus this enzyme is becoming the doorway for the entry and spread in the human
body causing asymptomatic pneumonia and severe of which is leading to death. As no specific
method to prevent and treat this disease is available, the use of ACE-2 as a targeting ligand with
COVID-19 virus spike protein could be helpful in the proper management of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
Public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to COVID-19 in Iran: Questionnaire Study
Authors: Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen , Kolahi Ali-Asghar , Ghamari Seyyed-Hadi , Hassanian-Moghaddam Hossein 
Published: February 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is a rapidly growing outbreak, the future course of which is strongly determined by people’s adherence to social distancing measures.

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge level, attitudes, and practices of the Iranian population in the context of COVID-19.

Methods
A nationwide study was conducted from March 24 to April 3, 2020, whereby data were collected via an online self-administered questionnaire.

Results
Responses from 12,332 participants were analyzed. Participants’ mean knowledge score was 23.2 (SD 4.3) out of 30. Most participants recognized the cause of COVID-19, its routes of transmission, its symptoms and signs, predisposing factors, and prevention measures. Social media was the leading source of information. Participants recognized the dangers of the situation and felt responsible for following social distancing protocols, as well as isolating themselves upon symptom presentation. Participants’ mean practice score was 20.7 (SD 2.2) out of 24. Nearly none of the respondents went on a trip, and 92% (n=11,342) washed their hands before touching their faces.

Conclusions
Knowledge of COVID-19 among people in Iran was nearly sufficient, their attitudes were mainly positive, and their practices were satisfactory. There is still room for improvement in correcting misinformation and protecting people from deception. Iranians appear to support government actions like social distancing and care for their and others’ safety.
A Digital Health Intervention (SweetGoals) for Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Protocol for a Factorial Randomized Trial
Authors: Stanger Catherine , Kowatsch Tobias , Xie Haiyi , Nahum-Shani Inbal , Lim-Liberty Frances , Anderson Molly , Santhanam Prabhakaran , Kaden Sarah , Rosenberg Briana 
Published: February 2021

Background
Many young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) struggle with the complex daily demands of adherence to their medical regimen and fail to achieve target range glycemic control. Few interventions, however, have been developed specifically for this age group.

Objective
In this randomized trial, we will provide a mobile app (SweetGoals) to all participants as a “core” intervention. The app prompts participants to upload data from their diabetes devices weekly to a device-agnostic uploader (Glooko), automatically retrieves uploaded data, assesses daily and weekly self-management goals, and generates feedback messages about goal attainment. Further, the trial will test two unique intervention components: (1) incentives to promote consistent daily adherence to goals, and (2) web health coaching to teach effective problem solving focused on personalized barriers to self-management. We will use a novel digital direct-to-patient recruitment method and intervention delivery model that transcends the clinic.

Methods
A 2x2 factorial randomized trial will be conducted with 300 young adults ages 19-25 with type 1 diabetes and (Hb)A1c ≥ 8.0%. All participants will receive the SweetGoals app that tracks and provides feedback about two adherence targets: (a) daily glucose monitoring; and (b) mealtime behaviors. Participants will be randomized to the factorial combination of incentives and health coaching. The intervention will last 6 months. The primary outcome will be reduction in A1c. Secondary outcomes include self-regulation mechanisms in longitudinal mediation models and engagement metrics as a predictor of outcomes. Participants will complete 6- and 12-month follow-up assessments. We hypothesize greater sustained A1c improvements in participants who receive coaching and who receive incentives compared to those who do not receive those components.

Results
Data collection is expected to be complete by February 2025. Analyses of primary and secondary outcomes are expected by December 2025.

Conclusions
Successful completion of these aims will support dissemination and effectiveness studies of this intervention that seeks to improve glycemic control in this high-risk and understudied population of young adults with T1D.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04646473; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04646473

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/27109
Analisis Kepuasan Pasien Terhadap Pelayanan Kefarmasian Menggunakan Metode Servqual Berdasarkan Status Akreditasi di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir
Authors: Amrullah Hafizh , Satibi Satibi , Fudholi Achmad 
Published: February 2021

Puskesmas sebagai fasiltas kesehatan tingkat pertama dituntut untuk selalu meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dan keselamatan pasien. Akreditasi menjadi sebuah metode dalam meningkatkan pemerataan dan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan di puskesmas. Diperlukan adanya evaluasi penerapan standar akreditasi pelayanan kesehatan di puskesmas untuk menilai efektivitas akreditasi puskesmas, salah satunya dengan survei kepuasan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan harapan dan kenyataan terhadap mutu pelayanan kefarmasian di puskesmas terakreditasi dan mengetahui perbedaan skor gap kepuasan pasien terhadap mutu pelayanan kefarmasian. Penelitian deskriptif analitik ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Subyek penelitian adalah pasien di puskesmas yang pelayanan kefarmasiannya diselenggarakan oleh tenaga kefarmasian menggunakan metode non-probability sampling berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang disusun berdasarkan teknik ServQual model. Dimensi responsiveness menduduki peringkat teratas gap kepuasan puskesmas terakreditasi. Dari kelima dimensi, kesemuanya berbeda signifikan antara skor harapan dan kenyataan dengan probabilitas 0,000 (p<0,05) kecuali aspek emphaty. Uji beda gap kepuasan pasien puskesmas terakreditasi dan puskesmas tidak terakreditasi menghasilkan perbedaan yang nyata antara keduanya, probabilitas = 0,000 (p<0,05). Terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara rendahnya kinerja pelayanan kefarmasian dengan tingginya harapan pasien puskesmas terakreditasi, namun di sisi lain bahwa status akreditasi berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pasien puskesmas terakreditasi.
Efficacy classification of modern therapies in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Samjoo Imtiaz A , Worthington Evelyn , Drudge Christopher , Zhao Melody , Cameron Chris , Häring Dieter A , Stoneman Dee , Klotz Luisa , Adlard Nicholas 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The Association of British Neurologists (ABN) 2015 guidelines suggested classifying multiple sclerosis therapies according to their average relapse reduction. We sought to classify newer therapies (cladribine, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, ozanimod) based on these guidelines.
Materials & methods:
Therapies were classified by using direct comparative trial results as per ABN guidelines and generating classification probabilities for each therapy based on comparisons versus placebo in a network meta-analysis for annualized relapse rate.
Results:
For both approaches, cladribine and ofatumumab were classified as high efficacy. Ocrelizumab and ozanimod (1.0 mg) were classified as moderate or high efficacy depending on the approach used.
Conclusion:
Cladribine and ofatumumab have an efficacy comparable with therapies classified in the ABN guidelines as high efficacy.
Analisis pengaruh tingkat pendidikan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Nurhasanah Nurhasanah , Safri Muhammad , Edi Jaya Kusuma 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research: (1) To know the development of education level and economic growth to the level of poverty in Jambi Province; (2) To know the influence of education level and economic growth to Poverty Level in Jambi Province. The method of analysis used in this study deskrptif analysis and quantitative analysis with the analysis tool is multiple linear regression. Data processing is done by using Microsoft Excel Software program and Eviews 8.0. The results of this study are the first overall development level of education (TP) during the period 2000-2016 on average increased by 0.64 percent. Economic growth in 2016 of 7.5 percent increase compared to the year 2015 of 5.9 percent. The four variables together significantly affect the poverty rate with the coefficient of TP of -0.080240, PE coefficient of -0.256608 percent. For the value of coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.614738 shows that TP and PE together affect the poverty rate of 61.47 while the rest of 38.53 percent explained by other variables not included in the model estimation.
Keywords: Poverty Level, Education Level, and Economic Growth.