bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BROILER CHICKEN BRANDS RAISED IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID ZONES OF NORTHERN NIGERIA USING MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
Authors: Abdullahi A. Y. , Nasir M. , Khalee A. G. , Ashiru R. M. , Zango H. M. , Madaki S. , Ha H. C. , Ismail N. , Ahmad-Syazni K. 
Published: July 2021

A sector of broiler production is growing very fast to meet the high demand of meat in Nigeria. However, high mortality rates among the broilers especially during the hot dry season in arid and semi-arid zones is worrisome. There is a need for molecular genetics study that could aid in management, conservation and sustainable exploitation of this species. To evaluate the genetic diversity of broilers raised in these regions, a total of forty-six broilers were randomly sampled from eight different brands (Agrited, Amo, Chi, Fol-hope, Obasanjo, Olam, Yammfy and Zatech) for mitochondrial DNA analysis. Four haplotypes were detected among all the samples used that belong to the four strains. The sequences of mitochondrial regions revealed high haplotype diversity (0.78600) and low nucleotide diversity (0.00286). Lower genetic diversity observed may increase the chances of rapid disease infection and distribution during any disease outbreak. Introduction of new strains of broilers with high genetic diversity is highly recommended. Future study should be conducted on the performance of these strains during the extremely hot temperature period in arid and semi-arid zones of Nigeria. This is to provide reliable information for the sake of local broiler farmer’s benefit who invests largely on this sector. The study will also help the geneticists from these brands to develop a strain that could survive and perform excellently under severe climatic conditions of the rural areas of arid and semi-arid zones of Nigeria
SYNTHESIS, SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF 2-{[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]amino} nicotinic acid AND ITS Iron (II) COMPLEXES
Authors: Osigbemhe G. , Khan M. E. , Olusegun A. , Kabiru H. D. 
Published: July 2021

Iron (II) complexes of 2-{[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl) methylidene]amino} nicotinic acid derived from o-phenylenediamine and 5- methoxysalicaldehyde were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, using UV-Visible, IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, They were screened against known disease causative microbes to establish their effectiveness and efficacies as antimicrobial agents compared with national standards drugs, ampiclox and ketoconazole. Results showed that, the Schiff base exhibits antimicrobial action against all the bacteria and most of the fungi with exception of Candidas. albicans which exhibited naught diameter zone of inhibition. It was also found that the synthesized Schiff base exhibited two digits purity range, implying that it is relatively stable. The metal complex was found to be more susceptible in overall biological activity than the Schiff base synthesized and studied due to their structural stability in relationship to its activity. This has opened another drug window for the remedy to human diseases caused by these microbes
The pattern of Electrophysiological Abnormality in Long-Standing Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Experience at Referral Neurology Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Debnath Bithi , Hussain Md Enayet , Khan AFM Al Masum , Mian Md Ferdous , Islam Md Nahidul , Alam Md Badrul , Mohammad Quazi Deen , Chowdhury Rajib Nayan 
Published: July 2021

Background: Nerve conduction studies (NCS) are the most objective measure of nerve function, and their use is recommended in the clinical and epidemiological evaluation of diabetic polyneuropathy.
Objective: This study was conducted to describe the pattern of electrophysiological abnormality in long-standing type-2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurophysiology at the National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2017 to June 2019. Among the one hundred and eight consecutive patients of type 2 diabetes with a duration of more than 10 years attending the Neurophysiology laboratory, patients were selected for the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. NCS study of the right upper limb (median and ulnar nerves) and left lower limbs (tibial, peroneal, and sural nerves) were done. NCS of other nerves were also done when indicated.
Result: A total number of 92 patients were recruited for this study. NCS was abnormal in 56 (60.9%) patients. 43.5% (n=40) patients were male and 56.5% (n=52) patient were female. Among the 56 (60.9%) patients with abnormal NCS, most [35 (38%)] had mixed types (both sensory and motor) of neuropathy. In 28 (30.4%) patients, both demyelination and axonal involvement were present. The median nerve (46.7%) was the commonest nerve to be involved followed by the Sural nerve. In patients with elevated HbA1C, the axonal loss was more pronounced in the lower limbs’ nerves. Polyneuropathy (28.26%) was more than mononeuropathy (21.74%).
Conclusion: Most of the patients of type 2 long-standing DM developed a mixed type of polyneuropathy and elevated HbA1C was significantly associated with the axonal involvement predominantly in lower limbs’ nerves.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 10-13
Comparison of Laboratory Profiles of Cerebrospinal Fluid among Bacterial and Viral Meningitis Patients
Authors: Habiba Umme , Hossain Md Akram , Mahmud Md Chand , Bhuiyan Md Sirajul Islam , Rafique Md Ali Abdullah , Sultana Safia 
Published: July 2021

Background: Laboratory profiles are important markers for the detection of meningitis.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare of laboratory profiles of cerebrospinal fluid among bacterial and viral meningitis patients.
Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2010 to January 2012 for around 2 years. Clinically suspected patients with meningitis from paediatrics wards of MMCH, Mymensingh, Bangladesh were included in this study. On the basis of cytological tests and biochemical tests of CSF the study subjects were categorized into three groups, which were identified as bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis and normal CSF. After collection of CSF, physical examination, routine bed side culture and appropriate biochemical tests were performed. Tests for protein and glucose of CSF specimens were performed.
Result: A total 115 clinically and laboratory confirmed meningitis patients were enrolled in this study. The most of the cases of study population were in the age group 1 month to 5 years 97(84.3%) cases. Regarding the physical findings of CSF, purulent was found 21(60.0%) cases in bacterial meningitis and 14 (40.0%) cases were slightly turbid. The mean with SD of total count of WBC was higher in bacterial meningitis (1623.1±1708.06/mm3) than viral meningitis (56.0±73.83/mm3) (p=<0.001). Again the mean with SD of glucose was lowest in bacterial meningitis which was 21.0±9.77 mg/dL followed by viral meningitis which was 63.6±20.22 mg/dL. (p<0.001). Considering protein of CSF the mean with SD was highest in bacterial meningitis which was 242.8±188.09 mg/dL followed by viral meningitis which was 69.6±84.67mg/dL (p<0.001).
Conclusion: In conclusion the WBC count, CSF glucose and protein are significantly differ in bacterial and viral meningitis.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 69-74
Minimal Accesss (TEP) versus Open Inguinal Hernioplasty: A Pragmatic Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Roy Ratna Rani , Saha Pankaj Kumar , Yusuf Md Abdulla , Saha Haridas , Hasan Md Ibnul , Saha Krishna Pada , Sarker Rajib Dey 
Published: July 2021

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is the most frequently performed operation in general surgery. The standard method for inguinal hernia repair had changed little over a hundred years until the introduction of synthetic mesh. This mesh can be placed by either using an open approach or by using a minimal access laparoscopic technique.
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to compare minimal access laparoscopic mesh techniques with open techniques in hernioplasty.
Methodology: This pragmatic randomized control trial was conducted in the Department of Surgery at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka from January 2014 to December 2015 for a period of two years. Patients at any age with both sexes who were presented with inguinal hernia were selected as study population. These patients were divided into two group designated as group A and group B. In group A inguinal hernia repair was performed by laparoscopic technique and in group B open technique was used to repair the inguinal hernia. The comparison was done between open and laparoscopic technique of inguinal hernia repair in terms of duration of operation, per-operative complication, immediate post-operative pain, numbness, duration of hospital stay and time of return to normal activities. Follow up was done from 6 months to 2 years.
Results: A total number of 200 patients were recruited for repairing of inguinal hernia. Duration of operation was longer initially in the laparoscopic groups (Laparoscopic approach 90 min vs. Lichtenstein approach 60 min). Post-operative pain was another important outcome to consider when choosing between laparoscopic and open repair of inguinal hernia. Laparoscopic repair had been associated with less post-operative pain than open repair. Operative complications were uncommon for both methods. Length of hospital stay was little shorter in laparoscopic group (laparoscopic 1-2 days vs. open technique 3-4 days); however, return to usual activity was earlier for laparoscopic groups (7 days) where open group: 20-30 days. The data available showed less persisting pain (Overall 8/80 versus 12/100) and less persisting numbness (Overall 3/80 versus 7/100) in the laparoscopic groups.
Conclusions: In conclusion, minimal access laparoscopic mesh technique is better than open techniques in inguinal hernia repair.
Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 75-78
Pelatihan Pengelolaan Pembukuan Dan Pelaporan Keuangan Bagi Pelaku UMKM Di Desa Kutakarya Karawang
Authors: Selvi Evi 
Published: July 2021

Kurangnya pengetahuan dan informasi pasar serta rendahnya kompetensi SDM para pelaku UMKM di Kabupaten Karawang, menjadi salah satu kelemahan UMKM, sebagaimana dikatakan Kepala Dinas Perindustrian, Perdagangan, Pertambangan dan Energi setempat, “Itu hanya salah satu kendala, masih ada permasalahan atau kelemahan UMKM lainnya yang cukup menghambat pengembangan UMKM di Karawang,” Menurut Kepala Dinas Perisdustrian Perdagangan Kabupeten Karawang, permasalahan lain yang menjadi kendala dalam mengembangkan UMKM di Karawang ialah rendahnya jiwa kewirausahaan para pelaku UMKM dan aksebilitas terhadap sumber permodalan yang masih rendah. Para pelaku UMKM di Karawang, lebih lanjut kepala dinas perindustrian mengatakan disamping kendala tersebut diatas kendala lain adalah UMKM belum mampu menjalin kemitraan secara baik kepada industri besar, serta pelaku UMKM belum mampu menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas.Sehingga dampak dari permasalahan dan kelemahan tersebut, produk-produk UMKM di Karawang belum memiliki daya saing di pasaran. Sehubungan dengan permasalahan lemahnya pemasaran produk UMKM di Karawang dan bagi para konsumen saya harapkan dapat menerima atau mengkonsumsi produk produk hasil UMKM dari Karawang, sehingga diharapkan dengan meningkatnya omset penjualan maka para pelaku UMKM juga dapat melakukan penambahan investasi untuk memperbaiki qualitas maupun kuantitas dari produk yang mereka hasilkan, sehingga dimasa yang akan datang hasil produk dari para UMKM di Karawang dapat bersaing dengan produk produk luar kota maupun luar negeri.
The Neurocognitive Study for the Aging: Longitudinal Analysis on the Contribution of Sex, Age, Education and APOE ɛ4 on Cognitive Performance
Authors: Chadjikyprianou Andreas , Hadjivassiliou Marilena , Papacostas Savvas , Constantinidou Fofi 
Published: July 2021

Objective: The effects of normal cognitive aging on executive functions (EF), Verbal Episodic Memory (VEM) and the contribution of age, sex, education, and APOΕ ε4 in a group of old Greek Cypriots across a five-year period were investigated.Design: NEUROAGE, the first project on cognitive aging in Cyprus, is a prospective longitudinal study with a rolling admission process. Participants are assessed at baseline and retested every 24–30 months.Subjects: 170 participants completed all three testing cycles; 86 men and 84 women with ages ranging between 60 and 88 years (mean = 73.21, SD = 5.84); education, 2–20 years (mean = 9.07, SD = 4.27).Results: Α Repeated Measures Multivariate Analysis of Covariance was conducted with one between-subject factor: sex; two covariates: age and education, while Time (time 1, time 2, time 3) served as a within – subject factor. Time did not have an effect on mini mental status examination in Greek (MMSE), EF or VEM. Also, sex had no effect on MMSE, EF and VEM. There was no time by sex interaction. Age and Education significantly predicted the EF performance, F(1, 168) = 11.23, p &lt; 0.05; F(1, 158) = 90.03, p &lt; 0.001 and VEM performance, F(1, 171) = 17.22, p &lt; 0.001; F(1, 171) = 61.25, p &lt; 0.001. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction effect between time and education, for EF, F(2, 167) = 7.02, p &lt; 0.001. Performance of the APOE ε4 carriers did not differ on any of the above measures as compared to performance of non-carriers in this older adult group.Conclusion: Cognitively healthy adults maintained overall cognitive performance across the five-year period. Male and female participants performed similarly and the pattern of change over time was similar across the two sexes. Education was predictive of VEM and EF performance across time. Furthermore, those with higher education maintained higher levels of EF performance. APOE results did not differentiate performance at baseline. Implications of findings are discussed.
Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation in Neonates: A 10-Year Overview and Predictive Model
Authors: Sauthier Michaël , Sauthier Nicolas , Bergeron Gallant Krystale , Lodygensky Gregory A. , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Emeriaud Guillaume , Jouvet Philippe 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Significant resources are devoted to neonatal prolonged mechanical ventilation (NPMV), but little is known about the outcomes in those children. Our primary objective was to describe the NPMV respiratory, digestive, and neurological outcomes at 18 months corrected age. Our second objective was on the early identification of which patients, among the NPMV cohort, will need to be ventilated for ≥125 days, which corresponded to the 75th percentile in the preliminary data, and to describe that subgroup.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included all children born between 2004 and 2013 who had a NPMV (≥21 days of invasive or noninvasive respiratory support reached between 40 and 44 weeks of postconceptional age). We used random forests, logistic regression with penalization, naive Bayes, and XGBoost to predict which patients will need ≥125 days of ventilation. We used a Monte Carlo cross validation.Results: We included 164 patients. Of which, 40% (n = 66) were female, and the median gestational age was 29 weeks [interquartile range (IQR): 26–36 weeks] with a bimodal distribution. Median ventilation days were 104 (IQR: 66–139 days). The most frequently associated diagnoses were pulmonary hypertension (43%), early pulmonary dysplasia (41%), and lobar emphysema (37%). At 18 months corrected age, 29% (n = 47) had died, 59% (n = 97) were free of any respiratory support, and 45% (n = 74) were exclusively orally fed. A moderate area under the ROC curve of 0.65 (95% CI: 0.54–0.72) for identifying patients in need of ≥125 days of ventilation at inclusion was achieved by random forests classifiers. Among the 26 measured at inclusion, the most contributive ones were PCO2, inspired O2 concentration, and gestational age. At 18 months corrected age, patients ventilated for ≥125 days had a lower respiratory weaning success (76 vs. 87%, P = 0.05), lower exclusive oral feeding proportion (51 vs. 84%, P &lt; 0.001), and a higher neurological impairment (median Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category score 3 vs. 2, P = 0.008) than patients ventilated for &lt; 125 days.Conclusion: NPMV is a severe condition with a high risk of mortality, neurological impairment, and oral feed delay at 18 months. Most survivors are weaned of any respiratory support. We identified the risk factors that allow for the early identification of the most at-risk children of long-term ventilation with a moderate discrimination.
Real-Life Experience of mTOR Inhibitors in Liver Transplant Recipients in a Region Where Living Donation Is Predominant
Authors: Sung Pil Soo , Han Ji Won , Seo Changho , Ahn Joseph , Lee Soon Kyu , Nam Hee Chul , Choi Ho Joong , You Young Kyoung , Jang Jeong Won , Choi Jong Young , Yoon Seung Kew 
Published: July 2021

Background: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, such as everolimus and sirolimus, may be efficacious in preserving renal function in liver transplantation (LT) recipients while preventing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence.Materials and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the safety, efficacy, and renoprotective effects of mTOR inhibitors in LT recipients. Among the 84 patients enrolled, mTOR inhibitor was commenced during the first year after LT. Renal function was measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation.Results: Regarding the type of mTOR inhibitor, everolimus was used in 71 patients and sirolimus in 13 patients. Concomitant tacrolimus was used in 63 patients (75.0%). For total enrolled patients, kidney function did not significantly change during 12 months after initiation of mTOR inhibitors, although tacrolimus-withdrawn patients (n = 21) showed better kidney function compared to tacrolimus-minimized patients (n = 63) after conversion. However, a significant improvement in kidney function was observed in the eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2 group (n = 19) 12 months after initiation of mTOR inhibitors, for both patient groups with early + mid starters (n = 7, stating within 1 year after LT) and late starters (n = 12, starting over 1 year after LT). mTOR inhibitors were safely administered without serious adverse events that led to drug discontinuation.Conclusion: We demonstrated that patients with renal impairment showed significant improvement in renal function regardless of the timing of mTOR inhibitor start, suggesting that switch to mTOR inhibitors may be beneficial when renal function declines.
Pharmacokinetics, Urinary Excretion, and Pharmaco-Metabolomic Study of Tebipenem Pivoxil Granules After Single Escalating Oral Dose in Healthy Chinese Volunteers
Authors: Li Zeyun , Su Mei , Cheng Weiyan , Xia Jueyu , Liu Shuaibing , Liu Ruijuan , Sun Suke , Feng Luyao , Zhu Xueya , Zhang Xiaojian , Tian Xin , Qu Lingbo 
Published: July 2021

Tebipenem pivoxil (TBPM-PI), an oral carbapenem antibiotic, has shown special advantages in pediatric infections and was in urgent need in China. Although pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion, and metabolite information of its active form tebipenem (TBPM) has been reported, ethnic differences may exist among the Chinese and Japanese population. By now, no systematic pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion, metabolites, or safety information has been revealed to the Chinese population. The purpose of the present work was to investigate abovementioned information of TBPM-PI granules after oral single ascending doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg in Chinese volunteers. Based on the pharmacokinetic study, the urine pharmaco-metabolomic analysis was conducted to reveal metabolomic interruptions and metabolite information. The study design was a single-center, open-label, randomized, single-dose pharmacokinetic study of 36 healthy volunteers (with half of them being male and the other half female). Time to maximum concentration (Tmax) was reached at 0.50, 0.50, or 0.67 h for 100, 200, or 400 mg, respectively. The linear pharmacokinetic characteristic of maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was detected over 100–200 mg. The area under the concentration time curve (AUC) was proportional to the dose in the range of 100–400 mg. The maximum urinary excretion rate was detected at 0–1 or 1–2 h for dose of 100 or 200–400 mg. Cumulative amount of TBPM excreted in urine by 24 h accounted up to 90, 95, and 80% of dose administered for three groups, respectively. The pharmaco-metabolomic analysis revealed urine metabolic trajectory of deviation at 0–1 or 1–2 h and gradually regressing back to the pre-dose group at the following time periods. Urine metabolites from M1 to M4 were identified, indicating ethnic difference in metabolites among the Chinese or Japanese population. The current work proved safety and tolerance of single-dose administration of oral TBPM-PI in Chinese healthy volunteers over doses of 100–400 mg. All these results provide pharmacokinetics, urine excretion, urine metabolomics, urine metabolites, and safety information in healthy Chinese volunteers after oral single ascending doses of TBPM-PI, benefitting further development and clinical utilities.
Role of the 5-HT2A Receptor in Acute Effects of LSD on Empathy and Circulating Oxytocin
Authors: Holze Friederike , Avedisian Isidora , Varghese Nimmy , Eckert Anne , Liechti Matthias E. 
Published: July 2021

The psychedelic lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has experienced a revival in research, including clinical trials that evaluate LSD-assisted psychotherapy. LSD induces perceptual alterations and influences emotion processing in ways that may support psychotherapy. Here, we investigated the effects of LSD on emotional empathy and mediating role of the serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine-2A (5-HT2A) receptor by administering 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg LSD alone and 200 µg LSD combined with pretreatment with the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin (40 mg) using a placebo-controlled, double-blind, random-order, crossover design in 16 healthy subjects. The Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET) was used to assess the effects of LSD on emotional empathy. Plasma oxytocin levels were also measured. LSD dose-dependently increased implicit and explicit emotional empathy, with the highest 200 µg LSD dose having a significant effect compared with placebo. The 200 µg dose of LSD also moderately increased plasma oxytocin levels compared with placebo. Ketanserin reduced the LSD-induced elevations of oxytocin but not the LSD-induced increases in emotional empathy. These findings confirm that LSD enhances empathy, and this effect may be partially independent of its primary action on 5-HT2A receptors to induce subjective psychedelic effects. In contrast, LSD-induced oxytocin release may depend on 5-HT2A receptor stimulation, which is consistent with the psychedelic effect of LSD. Further studies are needed to investigate whether LSD may also enhance empathy and potentially produce therapeutic effects in patients who have deficits in empathy and impairments in social functioning.