bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Executive summary of the 2020 clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypertension in the Philippines
Authors: Ona Deborah Ignacia D. , Jimeno Cecilia A. , Jasul Gabriel V. , Bunyi Ma. Lourdes E. , Oliva Raymond , Gonzalez‐Santos Lourdes Ella , Mercado‐Asis Leilani B. , Luz Vimar A. , Leus Aurelia G. , Diaz Alejandro Bimbo F. , Santos Marjorie I. , Belen Allan A. , Bonzon Dolores D. , Bote‐Nunez Jonnie , Cawed‐Mende Roberta Maria N. , Chua Arnel S. , Javier Anne Marie Joyce T. , Juangco Dan Neftalie A. , Madrigal‐Dy Carmela , Manicad Marlon B. , Ortiz Juan Miguel Gil R. , Padolina Christia S. , Sison Maria Concepcion C. , Villanueva Ninfa J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHypertension is the most common cause of death and disability worldwide with its prevalence rising in low to middle income countries. It remains to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines with poor BP control as one of the main causes. Different societies and groups worked and collaborated together to develop the 2020 Philippine Clinical Practice Guidelines of hypertension arising for the need to come up with a comprehensive local practice guideline for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow up of persons with hypertension. A technical working group was organized into six clusters that analyzed the 30 clinical questions commonly asked in practice, looking into the definition of hypertension, treatment thresholds, blood pressure targets, and appropriate medications to reach targets. This guideline also includes recommendations for the specific management of hypertension among individuals with uncomplicated hypertension, hypertension among those with diabetes, stroke, chronic kidney disease, as well as hypertension among pregnant women and pediatric populations. It also looked into the appropriate screening and monitoring of patients when managing hypertension, and identification of groups who are at high risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. The ADAPTE process was used in developing the statements and recommendations which were then presented to a panel of experts for discussion and approval to come up with the final statements. This guideline aims to aid Filipino healthcare professionals to provide evidence‐based care for persons with hypertension and help those with hypertension adequately control their blood pressure and reduce their CV risk
Inflammation of the adipose tissue in the retroperitoneal cavity adjacent to pelvic endometriosis
Authors: Kubo Kotaro , Kamada Yasuhiko , Hasegawa Toru , Sakamoto Ai , Nakatsuka Mikiya , Matsumoto Takashi , Masuyama Hisashi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimPeritoneal endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease particularly associated with macrophages. Of note, adipose tissues with fibrotic changes in the context of peritoneal endometriotic lesions are often observed during surgery. However, the characteristics of fibrotic adipose tissues in endometriosis are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the inflammatory status of retroperitoneal adipose tissues adjacent to pelvic endometriotic lesions.MethodsThirty‐two patients who underwent surgical treatment were assigned to either the endometriosis (n = 16) or the control (n = 16) groups. Retroperitoneal adipose tissues around the uterus were collected from patients in both groups. Fibrosis was evaluated via Masson's trichrome staining. Macrophage infiltration, the expression of fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP4), and angiogenesis in the retroperitoneal adipose tissues were evaluated via immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of cytokines was also evaluated in the adipose tissues using real‐time PCR.ResultsThere was more fibrosis and angiogenesis in the adipose tissues adjacent to the endometriotic lesions with a significantly higher level of infiltration of macrophages and a predominance of the M1 type in the endometriosis group compared to the control group. In addition, FABP4 positivity in the adipose tissues of the peritoneum was significantly higher in the endometriosis group versus the control group. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of FABP4, VEGF, and proinflammatory cytokines were also significantly higher in the endometriosis group.ConclusionAltogether, our results showed that the adipose tissue adjacent to endometriotic lesions are inflamed with fibrosis and angiogenesis.
Making the invisible visible: Sociolinguistics meets medical communication in a travelling exhibition
Authors: Eiswirth Mirjam Elisabeth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVisual art is increasingly used to mediate scientific findings, engage and educate the public and as a part of the research process itself. However, work connecting sociolinguistics and art in this way is only just emerging. This paper presents a project at the intersection of sociolinguistics, art and Graphic Medicine. It discusses how art can be used for public engagement and how the process of creating art feeds into the research process: Drawings can ground the analysis in the big picture and show how themes that need to be analytically separated relate to each other. Identifying motifs highlights what does and does not get talked about. Trans‐mediating narratives into comics raises questions about the definition and structure of narratives, about tellability, shared knowledge and epistemic access. Overall, I suggest that sociolinguistics stands to gain from collaborating with artists in terms of public engagement and as an inspiration in the research process.
Climate anomalies influence tooth growth patterns of South American sea lions
Authors: Heredia Federico M. , Sosa Drouville Ailin , Srur Ana M. , Crespo Enrique A. , Grandi M. Florencia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEl Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) indirectly affect tooth growth of marine mammals, through changes in prey abundance, availability, and composition. This is reflected as variation in the dentine deposition, which determines the formation of annual layers, called growth layer groups (GLGs). The aim of this work was to study potential effects of ENSO and SAM on South American sea lion (Otaria byronia) of Patagonia, by examining interannual variability of GLG width. Adapting dendrochronological techniques, we analyzed 97 individuals (60 females and 37 males) and built six chronologies (three for each sex) by using cubic splines with different rigidity. Chronologies were correlated with MEI (Multivariate ENSO Index) and SAM index time series, considering lags in the biological response. The chronologies of females spanned 39 years and only two of these chronologies showed negative correlation with 1 year lagged SAM events. The chronologies of males spanned 23 years, but none showed significant correlation with these indexes. Our results did not indicate any ENSO effects on this species, while positive SAM events could reduce the abundance or availability of South American sea lion's prey, affecting the nutritional status of females and generating thinner GLGs during the next year.
The effect of an air purifier on aerosol generation measurements during clinical motility testing
Authors: Verbeure Wout , Geeraerts Annelies , Huang I‐Hsuan , Timmermans Lien , Tóth Joran , Geysen Hannelore , Cools Louise , Carbone Florencia , Schol Jolien , Devriese Herman , Haesaerts Rico , Mori Hideki , Vanuytsel Tim , Tack Jan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAerosol spread is key to interpret the risk of viral contamination during clinical procedures such as esophageal high‐resolution manometry (HRM). Installing an air purifier seems a legitimate strategy, but this has recently been questioned.MethodsPatients undergoing an HRM procedure at the Leuven University Hospital were included in this clinical study. All subjects had to wear a surgical mask which was only lowered beneath the nose during the placement and removal of the nasogastric catheter. The number of aerosol particles was measured by a Lasair® II Particle Counter to obtain data about different particles sizes: 0.3; 0.5; 1.0; 3.0; 5.0; and 10.0 µm. Measurements were done immediately before the placement and the removal of the HRM catheter, and one and 5 min after. A portable air purifier with high‐efficiency particle air filters was installed in the hospital room.Key ResultsThirteen patients underwent a manometry examination. The amount of 0.3 µm‐sized particles was unaffected during the whole procedure. The larger particle sizes (1.0; 3.0; 5.0; and 10.0 µm) decreased when the catheter was positioned, but not 0.5 µm. During the HRM measurements itself, these numbers decreased further. Yet, 1 min after catheter removal a significant elevation of particles was seen, which did not recover within 5 min.Conclusions & InterferencesBased on this study, there is no evidence that filtration systems reduce aerosol particles properly during a clinical investigation.
Role of HIF‐2α/NF‐κB pathway in mechanical stress‐induced temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Li Wen , Wu Na , Wang Junming , Wang Yingnan , Wu Mengjie , Wang Hao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesMany activities overload temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and cause mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) degradation by inducing the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐2α (HIF‐2α). Although NF‐κB signaling pathway has been reported to induce HIF‐2α expression, the underlying mechanisms need to be verified. The aim was to investigate the effects of NF‐κB/HIF‐2α on MCC degradation induced by mechanical stress and the regulatory mechanism of NF‐κB in the HIF‐2α pathway.MethodsChondrocytes were subjected to cyclic compressive forces in a hypoxic environment. Western blotting was used to test the effects of stress on the expression of NF‐κB and HIF‐2α. HIF‐2α siRNA and shRNA were constructed and transfected into MCC cells in vitro and in vivo to inhibit HIF‐2α expression. To test the regulatory effect of the NF‐κB pathway on HIF‐2α, siRNA p65 was transfected into MCC.ResultsThe results showed that mechanical stress could cause cartilage degradation and significantly increased the expression of NF‐κB, HIF‐2α, and downstream degradation factors (MMP13 and ADAMTs‐4). Blockade of HIF‐2α decreased cartilage degradation and related degradation factors. Suppression of p65 significantly decreased the expression of HIF‐2α.ConclusionsOur results indicated that the upstream NF‐κB pathway exerted a regulatory effect on HIF‐2α in the degradation of MCC induced by stress.
Neoliberalism and banking crisis bailouts: Distant enemies or warring neighbors?
Authors: Chwieroth Jeffrey M. , Walter Andrew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHow should we understand proliferating government bailouts of financial firms in successive crises since the 1970s and the rise of neoliberal norms opposing such discretionary public assistance? We argue that the relationship between bailouts and neoliberalism is one of mutually reinforcing coexistence. First, a new “bailout coalition” including much of the middle class has emerged in many countries over the past century, pushing governments to deliver extensive bailouts in crises. Second, many actors, including some within the bailout coalition, view neoliberal policy norms as a useful constraint on public assistance to other groups. This is especially visible during foreign crises. Third, governments often manage these conflicting pressures via a strategy of institutional “conversion,” adapting institutions and rules associated with neoliberalism to new purposes. This has generated rising costs, including declining policy coherence, increasing financial fragility, and rising distributional and identity conflict.
Hair at the intersection of dermatology and anthropology: A conversation on race and relationships
Authors: Jones Nora L. , Heath Candrice R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLess than 3% of pediatric dermatologists identify as Black, meaning that the vast majority of Black dermatology patients in the United States are being treated by dermatologists who do not share personal hair management experience and cultural symbolism around tightly coiled hair. We cannot, and should not, wait for racial concordance so that Black physicians treat all Black patients. A powerful alternative solution is listening to and learning from others’ experience relating to the importance of hair in molding one's identity and emerging autonomy. Representing both clinical and anthropologic lenses and stemming from a conversation between the authors, this article reflects this approach and is intended to stimulate conversation so that in the absence of shared experiences, all patients with tightly coiled hair have access to culturally humble, effective, and ethical care.
Breast‐feeding rate comparison by parity and delivery age in Japan
Authors: Nishimaki Shigeru , Yamada Manabu , Okutani Takahiro , Hirabayashi Madoka , Tanimura Satoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo examine the effects of maternal age on breast‐feeding, we classified mothers who delivered vaginally aged 20–42 into 1‐year age groups and investigated breast‐feeding states. We also studied differences between primiparas and multiparas in breast‐feeding.MethodsThe subjects were 2,605 primipara mothers (age at delivery ranged from 16to 45 years; the gestational age of their infants ranged from 37 to 42 weeks, birthweight ranged from 2,501 to 4,300 g) and 3,261 multipara mothers (age 18–45 years; the gestational age of their infants ranged from 37–42 weeks, and their birthweight ranged from 2,502–4,726 g) at 12 baby‐friendly hospitals in Japan.ResultsThe percentage of infants exclusively breast‐fed at 1 week and 1 month after birth in the primipara mothers was 80% among mothers in their 20s but lower than 60% among mothers aged above 35. On the other hand, the percentage of infants exclusively breast‐fed in the multipara mothers was almost 90% among mothers in their 20s and remained at 70% or over among mothers in their 40s. The percentage of infants exclusively breast‐fed was significantly higher in the multipara mothers than in the primipara mothers in many age groups at both 1 week and 1 month of age.ConclusionsThe percentage of infants exclusively breast‐fed rate decreased as the maternal age increased. We found that multipara mothers can breast‐feed even in their 40s, but primipara mothers may encounter difficulty breast‐feeding at ages above 35. Our results suggest a need to consider not only their age but number of children, i.e., breast‐feeding experience, to provide effective support to breast‐feeding mothers.
Applications of Fluorous Porphyrinoids: An Update†
Authors: Aggarwal Amit , Bhupathiraju N. V. S. Dinesh K. , Farley Christopher , Singh Sunaina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPorphyrins and related macrocycles have been studied broadly for their applications in medicine and materials because of their tunable physicochemical, optoelectronic and magnetic properties. In this review article, we focused on the applications of fluorinated porphyrinoids and their supramolecular systems and summarized the reports published on these chromophores in the past 5‐6 years. The commercially available fluorinated porphyrinoids: meso‐perfluorophenylporphyrin (TPPF20) perfluorophthalocyanine (PcF16) and meso‐perfluorophenylcorrole (CorF15) have increased photo and oxidative stability due to the presence of fluoro groups. Because of their tunable properties and robustness toward oxidative damage these porphyrinoid‐based chromophores continue to gain attention of researchers developing advanced functional materials for applications such as sensors, photonic devices, component for solar cells, biomedical imaging, theranostics and catalysts.
Development and validation of a model for diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea in primary care
Authors: Chapman Julia L. , Hoyos Camilla M. , Killick Roo , Sutherland Kate , Cistulli Peter A. , Zwar Nick , Yee Brendon J. , Marks Guy , Grunstein Ronald R. , Wong Keith K. H. ,   The Sydney OSA‐GP study Investigators
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveUse of in‐laboratory polysomnography (PSG) to diagnose obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is cost and resource intensive. Questionnaires, physical measurements and home monitors have been studied as potential simpler alternatives. This study aimed to develop a diagnostic model for OSA for use in primary care.MethodsPrimary care practitioners were trained to recognize symptoms of sleep apnoea and recruited patients based on the clinical need to investigate OSA. Assessment was by symptom questionnaires, anthropomorphic measurements, digital facial photography, and a single‐channel nasal flow monitor (Flow Wizard©, DiagnoseIT, Sydney, Australia) worn at home for 3 nights. The in‐laboratory PSG was the reference test, with OSA defined as apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥10 events/h.ResultsIn the model development phase, 25 primary care practitioners studied 315 patients in whom they suspected OSA, of which 57% had AHI≥10 and 22% had AHI≥30. Published OSA questionnaires provided low to moderate prediction of OSA (area under the curve [AUC] 0.53–0.73). The nasal flow monitor alone yielded high accuracy for predicting OSA with AUC of 0.87. Sensitivity was 0.87 and specificity 0.77 at a threshold respiratory event index (REI) of 18 events/h. A model adding age, gender, symptoms and BMI to the nasal flow monitor REI only modestly improved OSA prediction (AUC 0.89), with similar AUC (0.88) confirmed in the validation population of 114 patients.ConclusionSleep apnoea can be diagnosed in the primary care setting with a combination of clinical judgement and portable monitor test outcomes.
Bayesian Network Applications for Sustainable Holistic Water Resources Management: Modeling Opportunities for South Africa
Authors: Govender Indrani Hazel , Sahlin Ullrika , O'Brien Gordon C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic transformation of land globally is threatening water resources in terms of quality and availability. Managing water resources to ensure sustainable utilization is important for a semiarid country such as South Africa. Bayesian networks (BNs) are probabilistic graphical models that have been applied globally to a range of water resources management studies; however, there has been very limited application of BNs to similar studies in South Africa. This article explores the benefits and challenges of BN application in the context of water resources management, specifically in relation to South Africa. A brief overview describes BNs, followed by details of some of the possible opportunities for BNs to benefit water resources management. These include the ability to use quantitative and qualitative information, data, and expert knowledge. BN models can be integrated into geographic information systems and predict impact of ecosystem services and sustainability indicators. With additional data and information, BNs can be updated, allowing for integration into an adaptive management process. Challenges in the application of BNs include oversimplification of complex systems, constraints of BNs with categorical nodes for continuous variables, unclear use of expert knowledge, and treatment of uncertainty. BNs have tremendous potential to guide decision making by providing a holistic approach to water resources management.
Filtering the Intensity of Public Concern from Social Media Count Data with Jumps
Authors: Iacopini Matteo , Santagiustina Carlo R.M.A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Count time series obtained from online social media data, such as Twitter, have drawn increasing interest among academics and market analysts over the past decade. Transforming Web activity records into counts yields time series with peculiar features, including the coexistence of smooth paths and sudden jumps, as well as cross-sectional and temporal dependence. Using Twitter posts about country risks for the United Kingdom and the United States, this paper proposes an innovative state space model for multivariate count data with jumps. We use the proposed model to assess the impact of public concerns in these countries on market systems. To do so, public concerns inferred from Twitter data are unpacked into country-specific persistent terms, risk social amplification events and co-movements of the country series. The identified components are then used to investigate the existence and magnitude of country-risk spillovers and social amplification effects on the volatility of financial markets.
The platelet proteasome and immunoproteasome are stable in buffy‐coat derived platelet concentrates for up to 7 days
Authors: Colberg Lisa , Cammann Clemens , Wesche Jan , Topfstedt Eylin , Seifert Ulrike , Greinacher Andreas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesCharacterization of the proteasome and its stability in buffy‐coat derived platelet concentrates (PCs) during storage.BackgroundThe proteasome plays a key role in cell homeostasis by processing misfolded or abnormal proteins and regulating the levels and activities of a high number of proteins contributing to cell cycle, survival, and proliferation. Controversial data exist, whether inhibition of the proteasome affects platelet function. Little is known about function, expression, and stability of the proteasome in PCs during storage, and the potential role of the platelet proteasome in storage lesions.Study design and methodsPCs were produced by the buffy‐coat method in additive solution and stored at room temperature under agitation. Platelet aggregation was monitored by light transmission aggregometry. Proteasome complexes were assessed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, and proteasome activity was measured using fluorogenic substrates specific for the three different proteolytic activities over 7 days of storage.ResultsProteasome inhibition led to a decreased platelet aggregation response after activation with collagen, ADP, TRAP‐6, and thrombin. There were no changes in the expression of the catalytic active subunits as well as the proteasome activity during storage of PCs, comparing baseline and day 7.DiscussionPlatelet proteasome function is relevant for platelet aggregation in response to various agonists. The constitutive and stable expression of the active standard‐ and immunoproteasome in platelets makes it unlikely that loss of proteasome function is a relevant cause of storage lesions.
The impact of gel fingernail polish application on the reduction of bacterial viability following a surgical hand scrub
Authors: Anderson Stacy L. , Wisnieski Lauren , Achilles Stephanie L. , Wooton Kaitlyn E. , Shaffer Carrie L. , Hunt Julie A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of gel nail polish application on the reduction of bacterial viability immediately after a surgical hand scrub.Study DesignRandomized controlled trial.Sample PopulationTen fingernails each from 40 female health care professionals and students.MethodsParticipants' fingernails were randomized to receive no polish or gel nail polish during a manicure from a licensed manicurist. One day and 14 days after manicure, participants' fingernails were sampled before and after a surgical hand scrub with chlorhexidine gluconate. The samples for each fingernail were serially diluted, plated on a Trypsin sheep blood agar and MacConkey's agar plate, and incubated for 36 h. For each plate, bacterial colony forming units (CFU)/ml were determined. Mixed linear models were used to assess factors associated with the logarithmic reduction of viable bacterial counts from pre‐ to post‐surgical scrub.ResultsIn the final model, no association was detected between gel nail polish and reduction of viable bacterial count (p = .09). On Day 14, among longer nail lengths (2 to <3‐mm and ≥3‐mm), surgical scrubs resulted in greater reduction in bacterial counts in left‐handed than right‐handed participants (p < .01). Increasing nail length was correlated with increased CFU/ml post‐scrubbing (p < .001).ConclusionApplication of gel nail polish did not seem to affect the ability of surgical scrub to reduce bacterial viability 1 and 14 days after a manicure.Clinical ImpactThis study does not provide evidence to prevent application of gel nail polish on short fingernails in surgeons prior to surgical hand scrub with chlorhexidine gluconate.