bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness of popular diet programs on changes in body composition and visceral adipose tissue in women (LB297)
Authors: Jung Y , Lockard B , Baetge C , Levers K , Galvan E , Jagim A , Simbo S , Byrd M , Oliver J , Koozehchian M , Dalton R , Khanna D , Sanchez B , Kresta J , Horrell K , Leopold T , Cho M , Springer S , Rivera A , Cerda C , Chang C , Rasmussen C , Kreider R 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine if different types of exercise and diet interventions promote greater changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). 127 sedentary women (46±12 yr, 45.5±5% body fat, 35.1±5 kg/m2) were randomized to participate in a control group (C) or the Curves Complete® program with online support (CC), Weight Watchers® Points Plus (WW), Jenny Craig® (JC), or Nutrisystem® Advance Select™ (NS) weight loss programs for 12‐wks. DEXA body composition with VAT determination was obtained at 0 &amp; 12 wks. MANOVA revealed significant (p=<0.001) time and group x time (p=<0.001) effects. Participants in the CC group experienced greater loss in fat mass (C ‐0.0±2.1; CC ‐4.6±3.7; WW ‐2.2±2.7; JC ‐3.5±3.3; NS ‐2.1±2.7 kg, p<0.001), less loss in FFM (C 0.2±2.3; CC ‐0.3±2.7; WW ‐1.7±2.4; JC ‐1.8±2.3; NS ‐1.8±2.4 kg, p=0.01), and greater reductions in percent body fat (C ‐0.0±1.7; CC ‐3.1±2.5; WW ‐0.7±2.6; JC ‐1.4±2.5; NS ‐0.5±1.7 %, p<<0.001). VAT mass, volume and area decreased over time (p=0.004) with no significant differences among groups. Changes in VAT mass significantly correlated with changes in fat mas (r=0.20) and body fat (r=0.22). Results indicate that different types of diets can differentially affect changes in body composition but promote proportional changes in VAT.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Curves International (Waco, TX)
Analysis of the validity of a carbohydrate intolerance questionnaire III (LB303)
Authors: Koozehchian M , Levers K , Galvan E , Coletta A , Dalton R , Jung Y , O’Connor A , Goodenough C , Simbo S , Seesselberg C , Bonin B , Sanchez B , Barringer N , Rasmussen C , Greenwood M , Kreider R 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of responses to a carbohydrate intolerance (CI) questionnaire to body composition and markers of health. 108 women (31.6±13 yrs, 34.7±7% body fat, BMI 25.3±4) donated fasting blood samples, had body composition and health measures determined, and underwent a 75g, 2‐h OGTT. Being less than 25 lbs overweight correlated with age (r=0.19) and DBP (r=0.27). Getting hungry at meals correlated with BMI (r=0.23), antisocial behavior (r=0.37) and having a poor appetite/skipping meals (r=0.39). Having few food cravings correlated with waist circumference (r=‐0.20), mental confusion (r=0.23), being 25 lbs overweight (r=‐0.27), having temporary food cravings (r=‐0.23), and must have foods (r=‐0.30). Consistent eating habits correlated with RHR (r=‐0.22), FFM (r=‐0.19), being overweight throughout life (r=‐0.20), and skipping meals (r=‐0.20). Eating 3 times/d correlated with OGTT glucose AUC (r=‐0.91), antisocial behavior (r=‐0.19), being overemotional (r=‐0.21), leg cramps/blurred vision (r=‐0.27), drowsiness (r=‐0.19), and skipping meals (r=‐0.43). Maintaining weight gain correlated with waist (r=0.21) and hip (r=0.20) circumference, fat mass (r=0.21), body fat (r=0.22), headaches (r=0.20), mental confusion (r=0.28), leg cramps/blurred vision (r=0.28), and yawning (r=0.26). Results revealed that CI questions moderately correlated with body composition, health markers, and/or questions related to CI.Grant Funding Source: Curves International, Inc. (Waco, TX)
Prevalence of functional constipation and its risk factors among university students (LB328)
Authors: Chaud Daniela , Olivon Edilene , Machado Alisson , Abreu Edeli 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Functional constipation is a complex and multifactorial disease; its symptoms affects the quality of life by compromising bowel functions and is a risk factor for the development of cancer.Objective: To determine the prevalence of functional constipation and its risk factors among university students. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was performed with 52 university students from a private university located in São Paulo, Brazil. A self‐administered questionnaire about demographic characteristics, lifestyle and bowel habit was applied. For the assessment of presence of functional constipation was used Rome III criteria. The prevalence of this symptom was assessed by chi‐square test, using the SPSS software, version 20.0.Results: The mean age of the sample in study was 22.7±3.7 years old, with 46.2% male and 53.8% female. The prevalence of functional constipation was 30.8% and was statistically higher for the variable liquid intake (p<0,05). No difference was observed in their distribution according gender, age, use of tobacco, number of meals, consumption of foods rich in dietary fiber, presence of constipation in the family and physical activity practice.Conclusion: The prevalence of functional constipation found in this present study can be considered high. There was difference in the prevalence of this symptom only to the variable liquid intake.
Polymorphisms in 4 exon, 3 intron, 6 intron of p53 gene, 31 codon of p21 gene and in 11 exon of apc gene in the dna of uranium ore workers in republic of kazakhstan (LB33)
Authors: Balmukhanov Timur , Miroshnick Tatiyana , Kazymbet Polat , Belkozhaev Ayaz , Bakhtin Meirat , Botbaev Dauren 
Published: June 2021

Genotypes distribution in 4 exon (G/C, Arg/Met) in codon72, 3 intron (16 bp duplication), 6 intron (G/A) of p53 gene, 31 codon of p21 gene and in 11 exon (T/C) of APC gene in DNA of 203 uranium mine workers were compared with polymorphisms in DNA of 255 controls in two ethnic groups in Republic of Kazakhstan. It were evaluated the statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in the genotypes distribution and allele frequencies in 3 intron of p53 gene in Kazakh ethnic group Chi‐square for genotypes was equal to 5,631, p = 0,018, for alleles: Chi‐sq was equal to 5,866, p = 0,015. Russian ethnic group in genotypes distribution and allele frequencies, for genotypes value of Chi‐sq was equal to 7,167, p=0,027, for alleles: Chi‐sq=5,567, p=0,018. In 31 codon of p21 gene also in Kazakh ethnic group the statistically significant differences were observed in genotypes distribution Chi‐sq =7,703, p=0,006 and in alleles frequency: Chi‐sq =4,453, p=0,035. In 11 exon of APC gene the statistically significant differences in genotypes distribution and in alleles frequency between miners and controls were not found in both groups.The presented data is a result of preliminary investigation indicating to the necessity of enlarging of the size of cases and controls in cohorts by measuring of the same indexes in other uranium mines of Kazakhstan and in uranium enriching plant.
Inhibitory effects of gossypin on RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in murine macrophages (LB364)
Authors: Park Seon Ju , Lee Eun‐Jung , Kim Yun‐Ho , Shin Ji‐Eun , Kang Young‐Hee 
Published: June 2021

Bone‐remodeling imbalance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts results in the metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Gossypin is a naturally‐occurring bioflavonoid seen in vegetables and fruit, as being a treatment for melanoma. The present study investigated that 1‐20 μM gossypin suppressed RANKL‐induced bone resorption in Raw 264.7 macrophages. To differentiate to osteoclasts, macrophages were treated with 50 ng/ml RANKL for 5 days. RANKL enhanced multi‐nucleated osteoclast formation and tartrate‐resistance acid phosphatase activity, which was dose‐dependently attenuated by gossypin. Western blot analysis revealed that gossypin suppressed RANKL induction of integrin β3 and carbonic anhydrase II in macrophage‐derived osteoclasts. These results demonstrate that gossypin retarded the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts to be integrated on bone tissue. Therefore, gossypin is a potent agent in alleviating bone resorption of osteoclasts.Grant Funding Source: Supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (2012012946) and Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Mechanisms of β‐carotene transfer from placenta to embryo in mammals (LB406)
Authors: Costabile Brianna , Kim Youn‐Kyung , Rodas Rebeka , Wassef Lesley , Shete Varsha , Spiegler Elizabeth , Zuccaro Michael , Quadro Loredana 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient for mammalian embryonic development. The most abundant precursor of vitamin A in the human diet is β‐carotene (BC). The enzyme β‐carotene 15‐15’‐monooxygenase (CMOI) cleaves BC to form retinaldehyde which is oxidized to form retinoic acid, the biologically active form of vitamin A. BC can be cleaved by β‐carotene 9’‐10’‐monooxygenase (CMOII) to form apocarotenoids which can function as retinoid precursors.The mammalian embryo obtains BC from the maternal circulation and converts it to retinaldehyde via CMOI. However, BC transfer across the maternal‐fetal barrier is not fully understood. We demonstrated that embryos from wild‐type dams on high vitamin A diet (220 IU/g) and treated with BC at 13.5 dpc, had lower BC levels compared to embryos from wild‐type dams on vitamin A sufficient diet (14 IU/g). Regulatory mechanisms involving regulation of placental BC secretion may therefore prevent embryonic retinoid toxicity. Ex vivo placenta culture and in vivo placenta injection experiments showed that placental BC secretion rate is attenuated in wild‐type dams on high vitamin A diet. It is unknown how BC is transferred from placenta into fetal circulation. We hypothesized that transfer occurs via lipoproteins, which transport BC in the bloodstream. ApoB‐containing lipoprotein formation was reported in placenta that also expresses microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), a lipoprotein assembly and secretion regulator. We showed that placental MTTP transcription levels were elevated in dams on the sufficient diet and supplemented with BC. ApoB mRNA and protein levels were also increased in this group. BC may control its own secretion from the placenta through lipoprotein secretion depending on maternal vitamin A status.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH
Peanut butter increases kale β‐carotene absorption and conversion to vitamin A in pre‐school children (LB417)
Authors: Muzhingi Tawanda , Tang Guangwen , Yeum Kyung‐Jin , Bermudez Odilia , Siwela Andrew 
Published: June 2021

Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale) is a rich source of β‐carotene that can be used to provide vitamin A to vitamin A deficient preschool children in Africa. This study was designed to determine the effect of peanut butter on the vitamin A equivalence and bioconversion efficiency of kale β‐carotene to vitamin A in preschool children. Deuterium labeled kale was grown in a hydroponic medium with 23 atom% 2H2O during grain development. The kale β‐carotene showed the highest abundance of enrichment as [2H9] β‐carotene. Preschool children (n = 37; age 12‐36 mo) were randomly assigned to consume 50g cooked kale (1.5mg β‐carotene content) with either peanut butter (PBG) or with lard (LG). On day 1 after a baseline blood draw; all subjects consumed the labeled kale doses and 1 mg [13C10] retinyl acetate capsule. Blood samples were collected from five subjects per‐time point per group over 21 d. Serum samples processed were analyzed by using NCI‐GC/MS for the enrichments of labeled [2H]retinol from kale from [2H9]β‐carotene and from [13C10]retinol from reference dose. The area under the curve (AUCs) of molar enrichment at days 1, 2, 3, 6, 15, and 21 after the labeled doses was 21.1 and 27.9 (nmole) for [2H] retinol from LG and PBG kale [2H9] β‐carotene respectively. The AUC of [13C10] retinol from was 223.4 (LG) and 314.45 (nmol) (PBG) respectively. The calculated conversion factors were 19.0 and 19.3 to 1 by weight for LG and PBG respectively. Peanut butter had higher β‐carotene absorption response than the lard group. This study showed that kale β‐carotene is efficiently absorbed and converted to vitamin A in the presence of fat in children. Therefore, kale should be promoted as a complementary food for children in developing countries who are vulnerable to VAD and general malnutrition.Grant Funding Source: IAEA
Palmitoleic acid enhances glucose uptake and glycerol‐3‐phosphate generation in adipocytes (LB426)
Authors: Bolsoni‐Lopes Andresss , Festuccia William , Faria Talita , Chimin Patricia , Torres‐Leal Leonardo , Curi Rui , Lima Fabio , Alonso Vale Maria Isabel 
Published: June 2021

Palmitoleic acid (16:1n7) enhances whole body glucose disposal, suppresses hepatic steatosis and modulates triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism in adipocytes. Here, we investigated the effects of 16:1n7 on glucose uptake and TAG synthesis by primary adipocytes. METHODS: Primary epididimal adipocytes from C57BL6 mice treated with 16:1n7 (300 mg/kg/day), oleic acid (18:1n9, 300 mg/kg/day) or water by gavage for 10 days were evaluated for 2‐deoxy‐D‐[3H]‐glucose uptake on basal and insulin‐stimulated (10 nmol/liter) conditions, phosphorylated and total AKT content, 14C‐glucose incorporation into fatty acids or glycerol and 14C‐acetate incorporation into fatty acids. RESULTS: Treatment with 16:1n7 or 18:1n9 did not affect body weight, food intake, masses of white adipose depots and plasma levels of free fatty acids, insulin and glucose. Treatment with 16:1n7 increased basal (~3 fold) and insulin‐stimulated (~2 fold, p<0.05) glucose uptake on epididimal adipocytes compared with water and 18:1n9 treatment. There were no changes on acetate or glucose incorporation into fatty acids among treatments, but the 16:1n7 increased glucose incorporation in glycerol‐TAG (H2O=227.2±9.1; 18:1n9=226.6±24.6; 16:1n7=307.2±19 nmol/106 cells, p<0.05). The treatments did not change the phosphorylated and total AKT content. CONCLUSION: 16:1n7 raised basal and insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake without affecting AKT. Furthermore, 16:1n7 increased the generation of glycerol‐3‐phosphate from glucose on epididimal adipocytes without affecting fatty acid synthesis from this hexose.Grant Funding Source: Supported by FAPESP
Differential Risk Perceptions toward Illness guide development of a prevention of stunting intervention in rural Mozambique (LB477)
Authors: Kodish Stephen , Aburto Nancy , Dibari Filippo , Gittelsohn Joel 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To inform the behavior change communication (BCC) component of a stunting prevention program in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique, the World Food Programme (WFP) supported the government’s Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) movement to understand how community members perceive the risk of young children’s illnesses associated with poor nutritional status.Methods: Among community leaders and caretakers of children under 2 years in Macua and Mwani cultural groups, data were collected in a three‐phase, iterative process from May ‐ August 2013 using free listing (n = 80), pile sorting (n = 67), and in‐depth interviewing (n = 34). Free list illness terms were analyzed for statistical salience and pile sort data were analyzed using multi‐dimensional scaling (MDS). Interview data were coded inductively using a Grounded Theory approach.Results: Biomedical nutrition illness terms are largely absent from the cultural domains of the groups studied. The most important illnesses to the Macua group include malaria, stomachache, and headache, whereas the most salient illnesses to the Mwani group are cough, stomachache, and fever. Community members do not associate the causes of these illnesses with food and nutrition, but do categorize their signs and symptoms in relation to perceived severity. Stunted growth, wasted or emaciated appearance, and slowed cognitive development are perceived to be less severe than other disease signs and symptoms.Conclusion: Behavior change models posit that a person’s perceived susceptibility and severity of a health problem are important for his or her behavior change. Because our results indicated that among these cultural groups, illnesses associated with poor nutritional status were not considered important threats to a child’s health, WFP supported the government to develop a BCC strategy that appeals to other core cultural values of the ethnic groups rather than solely focusing on the program’s potential impact upon nutritional status. Widespread sensitization efforts were also made around chronic malnutrition prior to intervention roll out.
TGFB‐induced protein ig‐h3 is essential for the growth of human colorectal carcinoma liver metastases (LB490)
Authors: Blomme Arnaud , Palacios Ana , Delvaux David , Delvenne Philippe , Detry Olivier , Castronovo Vincent , Turtoi Andrei 
Published: June 2021

Transforming growth factor‐beta‐induced protein ig‐h3 (TGFBI) is an important actor of the extracellular matrix. While elevated expression of TGFBI has been reported in human cancer, its role still remains controversial. We show here for the first time that TGFBI is a relevant factor for VEGF expression in cancer cells.As evidenced by immunohistochemistry, high level of TGFBI is a constitutive feature of human colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRC‐LM). To assess its function in cancer, we silenced TGFBI in human CRC cells. The suppression of the TGFBI protein decreased cancer cells migration and proliferation. In vivo, TGFBI silencing resulted in a 50% decrease in the volume of CRC tumors grown on a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Low vascularization of these tumors suggested an additional anti‐angiogenic effect. Indeed, we found that TGFBI knockdown in SW1222 cells altered the secretion of VEGFA and led to an impairment of the subsequent signaling pathway. This observation was in line with previous data showing that TGFβ was able to induce TGFBI in cancer cells, forging a direct functional link to angiogenesis.Finally, to test if TGFBI could be a relevant target for antibody‐drug delivery, we injected a fluorescently labeled anti‐TGFBI antibody in mice bearing liver metastases. The in vivo data demonstrated that TGFBI is an accessible tumor target.Taken together, our study shows that TGFBI is essential for the development of CRC‐LM and therefore represents a promising target for novel therapeutic approaches.Grant Funding Source: Supported by FNRS and the University of Liege
PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and Protein Kinase A protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and dendritic loss in a toxin model of PD (LB500)
Authors: Das Banerjee Tania , Dagda Raul , Dagda Ruben 
Published: June 2021

Decreased mitochondrial and cytosolic signaling governed by serine/threonine (ser/thr) kinases, such as PINK1 and PKA, underlie the etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) as evidenced in PINK1 deficient neurons, toxin models of PD, and in postmortem PD brain tissue. Given that PINK1 upregulates downstream PKA signaling to remodel dendrites and enhance neuronal survival, we hypothesize that PINK1 activates distinct subcellular pools of PKA to confer neuroprotection in a chemical model of PD. Here, we demonstrate that in primary neurons, pharmacological activation of PKA signaling, overexpression of PINK1, untargeted PKA or mitochondrial PKA but not a PKA binding deficient mutant of A‐kinase anchoring protein 1 (D‐AKAP1), significantly prevents the loss of dendrites induced by 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA). Overexpression of untargeted and mitochondrial PKA increases the basal oxygen consumption rates of SH‐SY5Y cells while only untargeted PKA protects against 6‐OHDA‐mediated decrease in mitochondrial respiration as measured by a XFE24 Analyzer. Mechanistically, PKA signaling is amplified by PINK1 by elevating the total levels of PKA monomers and enhancing the levels of membrane bound PKA. Overall, we show that PINK1 and PKA form a unique signaling axis that confers neuroprotection in the 6‐OHDA model of PD.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH grant P20GM103554
PAR4 Mediates an Elevated Risk for Thrombosis in Blacks Relative to Whites (LB602)
Authors: Tourdot Benjamin , Niisuke Katrin , Holinstat Michael 
Published: June 2021

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of mortality in the US amongst all races. CHD disproportionality burdens blacks relative to whites and even after adjusting for other demographic parameters, blacks have a two‐fold increase in incidence of CHD and a decrease in long‐term survival. Occlusive thrombus formation is the underlying cause of mortality associated with CHD. Due to the importance of platelets in CHD and formation of occlusive thrombi, the response of platelets from blacks and whites to thrombin and its protease‐activated receptors (PAR1 and PAR4) was characterized. Platelets isolated from blacks and whites differentially responded to PAR4 but not PAR1. Specifically, platelets from blacks were hyperaggregable to low and intermediate doses of PAR4‐activating peptide (PAR4‐AP) compared to platelets from whites. The mechanism responsible for the racial difference in PAR4 mediated platelet reactivity however is still unknown. We hypothesize that changes in expression or activity of proteins known to participate in the PAR4 pathway are responsible for the racial difference in platelet PAR4 reactivity. To test this hypothesis, the PAR4 pathway in platelets from blacks and whites was characterized. No measurable difference was observed in the surface expression of PAR4 on platelets from blacks or whites however following stimulation with low dose PAR4‐AP (50uM), platelets from blacks had an increase in PAR4 signaling components compared to whites including intracellular Ca2+ release, RAP1 activation, and integrin αIIbβ3 activation. This data suggest that the kinetics of platelet activation through PAR4‐AP is hyper‐responsive in blacks compared to whites due to a shift in threshold downstream of the receptor. As PAR1 antagonists are currently in clinical trials and PAR4 antagonists are in pre‐clinical development, this work has important clinical implication as to which patients may benefit the most from selective PAR inhibition and is the first to suggest a racial component in the prevention of occlusive thrombus formation and stroke.Grant Funding Source: RO1 MD007880