bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable High‐Capacity Organic Aluminum–Porphyrin Batteries
Authors: Han Xue , Li Shijie , Song Wei‐Li , Chen Nuo , Chen Haosen , Huang Shanyan , Jiao Shuqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs) attract interest for their promising features of superior safety and long‐life energy storage. Organic materials with engineered active groups are considered promising for promoting energy storage capabilities. However, the corresponding energy density (both voltage plateau and sufficient active sites required) and stability are still unexpectedly poor. To address these challenges, here π‐conjugated organic porphyrin molecules, that is, 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) and 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (H2TCPP), are selected as the positive electrode materials for AIBs. Owing to the highly reversible coordination/dissociation with aluminum complex cations, H2TPP presents long‐term cycling stability beyond 5000 cycles at 200 mA g−1. Compared with the specific capacity of H2TCPP (≈24 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1), the enhanced capabilities in H2TPP (reversible specific capacity of ≈101 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1) are attributed to removal of the carboxyl functional groups, which plays a role in reducing the basicity of porphyrin induced via electron withdrawing effects. Additionally, the mechanism of electrochemical reaction between AlCl2+ and porphyrin as well as ionic diffusion behaviors on the surface of the electrode are investigated. The results establish a platform to develop long‐term organic aluminum batteries for safe and stable energy storage.
Redesigning traditional weed management practices in faba bean fields to optimize food‐feed production in the smallholder system
Authors: Bezabih Melkamu , Mekonnen Kindu , Adie Aberra , Tadesse Tamene , Nurfeta Ajebu , Dubale Workneh , Habiso Tesfaye , Kelkay Tessema Z. , Getnet Million , Ergano Kebebe , Duncan Alan J. , Thorne Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDuringthe main cropping season, Ethiopian farmers deliberately weed faba bean (Vicia faba L.) fields much later than recommended and use the weed herbage mass as feed. This study examined the rationale behind farmers’ practices and explored options to further improve productivity. The study involved two experiments. The first compared the overall benefit from the traditional weed management regime against the frequent weeding recommendation. Sixty farmers participated, each preparing two plots. The plots were randomly assigned to either traditional (one late weeding) or improved (two early weeding) management. The second examined the suitability of intercropping faba bean with oat (Avena sativa L.). It involved a 5 × 3 factorial experiment, three management practices (traditional, improved, and faba bean oat intercropping) and five faba bean varieties repeated over 3 yr. In the first experiment the improved weed management increased grain yield (2.49 vs. 2.12 Mg ha–1) compared to the traditional. But the traditional management produced higher (P < .01) weed forage biomass (2.12 vs. 0.27 Mg ha–1) compared to the improved. The analysis showed the opportunity costs associated with the loss in weed forage biomass were not convincingly offset by the economic gains from increased grain yields. In the second experiment, grain yield was again highest for the improved weed management and lowest for the intercropping. Analysis of economic returns revealed that the intercropping management provides greater benefit over the traditional management practice. Farmers’ decisions have a rational economic basis and building on the traditional practicewith improved forage intercropping would allow to further optimize productivity.
The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of Grynfeltt–Lesshaft lumbar hernia: A case report
Authors: Li Jenny 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGrynfeltt–Lesshaft hernia is a type of lumbar hernia located in the superior lumbar triangle. Lumbar hernias are rare hernias. Clinical diagnosis of lumbar hernias can be a challenging especially in obese or asymptomatic patients. Lumbar hernias have been frequently misdiagnosed and lead to serious complications. Surgery (open or laparoscopic) is recommended to correct the defect and to avoid the exacerbation of the hernia and associated complications. The majority of the reported cases in the past were diagnosed on a CT scan. This study presents a case of successful detection of a Grynfeltt–Lesshaft hernia by US scan then confirmed by a subsequent CT scan. The aim of this case report was to Increase knowledge of lumbar hernias and to demonstrate the role of US in the diagnosis of lumbar hernias.
Australian breast surgeons and ultrasound usage: Have practices changed?
Authors: Bennett Ian , Khoo Jeremy F. , De Viana Daniel , Law Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundA recent survey of surgeon performed ultrasound usage was conducted amongst registered members of the Breast Surgeons of Australia and New Zealand Society (BreastSurgANZ) and was compared with a previous survey undertaken in 2010 to determine whether patterns of utilization had changed.MethodsFrom July to September 2019, members of BreastSurgANZ were invited to complete an electronic online survey of personal usage of breast ultrasound focusing on ultrasound equipment access, use of office and intraoperative ultrasound, biopsy interventions and training expectations.ResultsThere were 73 respondents to the survey with 45 (61.6%) members indicating access to ultrasound within their practices. Whilst current regular ultrasound usage (68.1%) was only slightly greater than in 2010 (66%), the proportion of respondents not performing any form of needle intervention had increased (62.5% compared to 53% in 2010) and with the proportion of surgeons currently performing >10 biopsies per month decreasing from 10% to only 5.56%. However the percentage of surgeons utilizing intraoperative ultrasound had notably increased since 2010 with 49.3% currently using ultrasound in the operating room compared with only 17% previously. The majority of respondents believed that breast ultrasound training should be conducted through BreastSurgANZ post fellowship training programs.ConclusionThe overall utilization of surgeon‐performed ultrasound amongst BreastSurgANZ members has remained similar over the past 9 years with the performance of needle interventions declining slightly, but with the application of intraoperative ultrasound having increased. An ultrasound training curriculum as part of the BreastSurgANZ post fellowship training program is a necessary imperative.
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound is useful for the evaluation of focal liver lesions in children
Authors: Torres Alvaro , Koskinen Seppo K. , Gjertsen Henrik , Fischler Björn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionContrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a widely used diagnostic method. In adults, it has been proven to be a useful alternative to CT and MRI for the characterisation of focal liver lesions (FLLs). However, since there is no official paediatric licensing for any ultrasound contrast agents in Europe, its use has been restricted.PurposeTo retrospectively outline our experience with CEUS as a tool for the characterisation of FLLs in paediatric patients.MethodsAn eleven‐year retrospective single‐centre study. During this period, we identified 287 CEUS examinations performed on children, of these 36 were relevant first‐time examinations with the aim of characterising a focal liver lesion. Clinical and radiological data were collected from the hospital chart.ResultsThe overall agreement between the CEUS diagnosis and the reference diagnosis for benign versus malignant differentiation was 75%. When analysing conclusive CEUS examinations only, the overall agreement was 96%. The specificity for correctly characterising a lesion as benign was 96%, and the negative predictive value was 100%. No side effects from CEUS were detected.ConclusionsOur study reinforces that CEUS can be useful in the medical workup for the identification and classification of focal liver lesions in children.
Surgical approach is associated with complication rate in sinonasal malignancy: A multicenter study
Authors: Beswick Daniel M. , Hwang Peter H. , Adappa Nithin D. , Le Christopher H. , Humphreys DO Ian M. , Getz Anne E. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Aasen Davis M. , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Chang Eugene H. , Kaizer Alexander M. , Kindgom Todd T. , Kohanski Michael A. , Nabavizadeh Seyed Ali , Nayak Jayakar V. , Palmer James N. , Patel Zara M. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Snyderman Carl H. , St. John Maie A. , Wild Jessica , Wang Eric W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundManagement of sinonasal malignancy (SNM) often includes surgical resection as part of the multimodality treatment. Treatment‐related surgical morbidity can occur, yet risk factors associated with complications in this population have not been sufficiently investigated.MethodsAdult patients with histologically confirmed SNM whose primary treatment included surgical resection were prospectively enrolled into an observational, multi‐institutional cohort study from 2015 to 2020. Sociodemographic, disease, and treatment data were collected. Complications assessed included cerebrospinal fluid leak, orbital injury, intracranial injury, diplopia, meningitis, osteoradionecrosis, hospitalization for neutropenia, and subsequent chronic rhinosinusitis. The surgical approach was categorized as endoscopic resection (ER) or open/combined resection (O/CR). Associations between factors and complications were analyzed using Student's t test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression modeling.ResultsOverall, 142 patients met the inclusion criteria. Twenty‐three subjects had at least 1 complication (16.2%). On unadjusted analysis, adjuvant radiation therapy was associated with developing a complication (91.3% vs 65.5%, p = 0.013). Compared with the ER group (n = 98), the O/CR group (n = 44) had a greater percentage of higher T‐stage lesions (p = 0.004) and more frequently received adjuvant radiation (84.1% vs 64.4%, p = 0.017) and chemotherapy (50.0% vs 30.6%, p = 0.038). Complication rates were similar between the ER and O/CR groups without controlling for other factors. Regression analysis that retained certain factors showed O/CR was associated with increased odds of experiencing a complication (odds ratio, 3.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.06‐11.19).ConclusionsProspective, multicenter evaluation of SNM treatment outcomes is feasible. Undergoing O/CR was associated with increased odds of developing a complication after accounting for radiation therapy. Further studies are warranted to build upon these findings.
Biodegradable blends of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) and polyglycolic acid with enhanced mechanical, rheological and barrier performances
Authors: Shen Jianing , Wang Kai , Ma Zhao , Xu Nai , Pang Sujuan , Pan Lisha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBlends of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/polyglycolic acid (PBAT/PGA) were prepared by melt blending, in which PGA was used as reinforcing component. Impacts of PGA content on tensile property, microstructure, crystallization property, melt viscosity, barrier performance of the blends were researched. Compared with very soft behavior of PBAT, the tensile yield strength and modulus of PBAT/PGA (65/35) sample increased from 7.67, 62.6 MPa of neat PBAT to 12.05, 158.9 MPa, respectively. However, owing to poor PBAT/PGA interface compatibility, its elongation at break decreased significantly from 1082.1% to 88.7%. An epoxy chain extender (ADR) was used as reactive modifier to improve its interface compatibility and rheological property. The related physical properties of PBAT/PGA/ADR (65/35/x) samples with various ADR contents were evaluated in detail. It was found that ADR exerted relatively complex influences on the properties. Overall, compared with neat PBAT and PBAT/PGA (65/35) sample, the PBAT/PGA/ADR (65/35/x) samples exhibited better stiffness‐ductility balance and higher processing stability.
Effects of hydrolysis treatment on the structure and properties of semi‐interpenetrating superabsorbent polymers
Authors: Zhang Fan , Xu Guiming , Zhu Lijun , Jiang Jiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA semi‐interpenetrating polymer network superabsorbent polymer based on sodium lignosulfonate‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid‐acrylamide)/potassium dihydrogen phosphate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA/SL‐g‐P[AA‐AM]/KDP) was synthesized by using solution polymerization. The PVA/SL‐g‐P(AA‐AM)/KDP was further hydrolyzed in NaOH solution. The structure, thermal stability, and morphologies of samples were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of FTIR, TGA, and DSC showed that PVA interpenetration through SL‐g‐P(AA‐AM)/KDP network has occurred, and PVA/SL‐g‐P(AA‐AM)/KDP was successfully alkaline hydrolyzed. From the SEM images, the high porous and loose surface structure of polymers was formed after hydrolysis, which greatly increased the specific surface area. Samples after hydrolysis exhibited higher equilibrium swelling capacity (1963 g/g) compared to the nonhydrolyzed samples (866 g/g). The swelling kinetics of all samples well complied with the pseudo‐second order swelling kinetics model. Simple hydrolysis treatment not only improved the swelling capacity of PVA/SL‐g‐P(AA‐AM)/KDP but also induced an enhancement on its water retention performance, which made it potentially useful as a water retention agent in the revegetation of abandoned mines or slope wasteland.
Electrochemical stability ofPEDOTfor wearableon‐skinapplication
Authors: Ajmal Mokhtar Siti Musliha , Alvarez de Eulate Eva , Sethumadhavan Vithyasaahar , Yamada Miko , Prow Tarl W. , Evans Drew R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConducting polymers are promising candidates for wearable devices due to mechanical flexibility combined with electroactivity. While electrochemical measurements have been adopted as a central transduction method in many on‐skin sensors, less studied is the stability of the active materials (in particular poly3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene, PEDOT) in such systems, particularly for “on‐skin” applications. In this study, several different variants of doped PEDOT are fabricated and characterized in terms of their (electrical, physical, and chemical) stability in biological fluid. PEDOT doped with tosylate (TOS) or polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) are selected as prototypical forms of conducting polymers. These are compared with a new variant of PEDOT co‐doped with both TOS and PSS. Artificial interstitial fluid (aISF) loaded with 1% wt/vol bovine serum albumin is adopted as the testing medium to demonstrate the stability in dermal applications (i.e., conducting polymer microneedles or coatings on microneedles). A range of techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are used to qualify and quantify the stability of the doped conducting polymers. Furthermore, this study is extended by using human skin lysate in the aISF to demonstrate proof‐of‐concept for stable use of PEDOT in wearable “on‐skin” electronics.
Sawfish, read in tooth and saw: Rostral teeth as endogenous chemical records of movement and life‐history in a critically endangered species
Authors: Hegg Jens C. , Graves Breanna , Fisher Chris M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The ecology of endangered and rare species can be difficult to study owing to their low abundances and legal limits on scientist’s ability to catch, sample, and track them. This is particularly true of sawfish (family Pristidae), whose numbers have declined precipitously, placing all five species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species worldwide. Best known for their distinctive, toothed rostrum, the ecology, movement and life‐history of sawfish are poorly understood.
Sawfish rostral teeth are modified placoid scales, which grow continuously throughout the life of the fish. This continuous growth, combined with their stable calcified makeup, makes sawfish rostral teeth a potential source of temporal records of chemical and isotopic changes through the life of the fish.
Rostral teeth are often preserved in museums and as curios, potentially providing a source of life‐history data to inform conservation actions without the need for field study, or as an important compliment to it. This is the first study to recover temporally explicit chemical data from sawfish rostral teeth.
Using archived samples of largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis) we show that multiple chemical tracers can be recovered from sawfish rostral teeth, and that these tracers can be used to understand movement across salinity gradients. We further show that sawfish rostral teeth contain repeated structures and indistinct banding which could potentially be used for ageing or growth analysis of fish.
Western equine encephalitis virus virus‐like particles from an insect cell‐baculovirus system elicit the strong immune responses in mice
Authors: Ma JinZhu , Wang HuaLei , Zheng XueXing , Wu HongXia , Yang SongTao , Xia XianZhu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWestern equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) causes lethal encephalitis in humans and equines, and it poses a serious public health threat in many countries. Therefore, the development of an efficient vaccine remains an important challenge for the prevention of WEEV infection. This study presents the first description of WEEV virus‐like particles (VLPs) generated from insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses. WEEV VLPs with 206 adjuvant could trigger a strong cellular immune response; increase the levels of IL‐2, IL‐4 and IFN‐γ; and induce a high level of neutralizing antibodies against WEEV in mice. These data showed that the insect cell‐baculovirus system is suitable for the production of WEEV VLPs and that these VLPs could elicit the strong immunogenicity in mice. These results suggest a new, nonreplicating, and effective vaccine candidate against WEEV infection.
Structural impairments in hippocampal and occipitotemporal networks specifically contribute to decline in place and face category processing but not to other visual object categories in healthy aging
Authors: Bourbon‐Teles José , Jorge Lília , Canário Nádia , Castelo‐Branco Miguel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundFunctional neuroimaging studies have identified a set of nodes in the occipital–temporal cortex that preferentially respond to faces in comparison with other visual objects. By contrast, the processing of places seems to rely on parahippocampal cortex and structures heavily implicated in memory (e.g., the hippocampus). It has been suggested that human aging leads to decreased neural specialization of core face and place processing areas and impairments in face and place perception.MethodsUsing mediation analysis, we tested the potential contribution of micro‐ and macrostructure within the hippocampal and occipitotemporal systems to age‐associated effects in face and place category processing (as measured by 1‐back working memory tasks) in 55 healthy adults (age range 23–79 years). To test for specific contributions of the studied structures to face/place processing, we also studied a distinct tract (i.e., the anterior thalamic radiation [ATR]) and cognitive performance for other visual object categories (objects, bodies, and verbal material). Constrained spherical deconvolution‐based tractography was used to reconstruct the fornix, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and the ATR. Hippocampal volumetric measures were segmented from FSL‐FIRST toolbox.ResultsIt was found that age associates with (a) decreases in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the fornix, in right ILF (but not left ILF), and in the ATR (b) reduced volume in the right and left hippocampus and (c) decline in visual object category processing. Importantly, mediation analysis showed that micro‐ and macrostructural impairments in the fornix and right hippocampus, respectively, associated with age‐dependent decline in place processing. Alternatively, microstructural impairments in right hemispheric ILF associated with age‐dependent decline in face processing. There were no other mediator effects of micro‐ and macrostructural variables on age–cognition relationships.ConclusionTogether, the findings support specific contributions of the fornix and right hippocampus in visuospatial scene processing and of the long‐range right hemispheric occipitotemporal network in face category processing.
Implant‐bone‐interface: Reviewing the impact of titanium surface modifications on osteogenic processes in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Stich Theresia , Alagboso Francisca , Křenek Tomáš , Kovářík Tomáš , Alt Volker , Docheva Denitsa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTitanium is commonly and successfully used in dental and orthopedic implants. However, patients still have to face the risk of implant failure due to various reasons, such as implant loosening or infection. The risk of implant loosening can be countered by optimizing the osteointegration capacity of implant materials. Implant surface modifications for structuring, roughening and biological activation in favor for osteogenic differentiation have been vastly studied. A key factor for a successful stable long‐term integration is the initial cellular response to the implant material. Hence, cell–material interactions, which are dependent on the surface parameters, need to be considered in the implant design. Therefore, this review starts with an introduction to the basics of cell–material interactions as well as common surface modification techniques. Afterwards, recent research on the impact of osteogenic processes in vitro and vivo provoked by various surface modifications is reviewed and discussed, in order to give an update on currently applied and developing implant modification techniques for enhancing osteointegration.
Embedding Pd‐Cu Alloy Nanoparticles in Shell of Surface‐Porous N‐Doped Carbon Nanosphere for Selective Hydrogenation of p‐Chloronitrobenzene
Authors: Liu Yingcen , Ye Wanyue , Lin Hua , Song Caicheng , Rong Zeming , Lu Rongwen , Zhang Hao , Huang He , Tang Zhicheng , Zhang Shufen 
Published: June 2021

Main observation and conclusionA catalyst PdxCuy/NC in which Pd‐Cu alloy nanoparticles are superficially embeded in shell of surface‐porous N‐doped carbon nanosphere was successfully devised for p‐chloronitrobenzene (p‐CNB) selective hydrogenation. Bimetal ions were loaded in shell of a m‐phenylenediamine derived core‐shell polymer sphere and the catalyst was obtained after calcination under reducing atmosphere. The as synthesized catalyst exhibited high selectivity in hydrogenation of p‐CNB to p‐chloroaniline (p‐CAN) (up to 98.8%) under full conversion and the performance was basically remained after 6 cyclic experiments. The reasons for the high selectivity were discussed based on the characterization results of catalyst. The interaction between N‐doped support and metal atoms affected the electron distribution in alloy, electron‐deficient Pd and electron‐rich Cu, and thus improved hydrogenation selectivity. In addition, the alloy nanoparticles were distributed only in the porous shell of support, which benefits to prevent side reactions. This work described a scheme for tactfully designing catalyst for selective hydrogenation, which can provide experience and inspiration for relevant works and fields.