bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recomendaciones médicas para uveítis no infecciosas en adultos
Authors: León Céspedes Carlos , Espinoza Mora María del Rosario , Antillón Flores Fabián , Bolaños Araya Natalia , Chan Chen Henry , Mena González Hilda , Runnebaum Jiménez Arturo , Jiménez Solís Raquel , Pacheco Salazar Adolfo , Evans Tinoco Mónica , León Bratti María Paz 
Published: March 2021

Justificación: las uveítis no infecciosas constituyen una importante causa de pérdida visual a nivel mundial; por su complejidad y gravedad de complicaciones requieren un abordaje temprano y multidisciplinario. En Costa Rica se desconoce hasta el momento la incidencia global de estas entidades y todavía no existe ningún consenso en cuanto a su manejo.
Objetivos: resumir las recomendaciones terapéuticas vigentes para uveítis no infecciosas en adultos y ofrecer una guía adaptada a la realidad costarricense.
Métodos: se efectuó una revisión no sistemática de bibliografía médica indexada en las plataformas PubMed y Scielo, sobre el manejo médico de las uveítis no infecciosas. De igual manera, se compararon los esquemas terapéuticos recomendados actualmente en América y Europa con el abordaje realizado en los centros hospitalarios costarricenses, para crear una guía adaptada a la realidad nacional. En la elaboración de estas recomendaciones participaron médicos especialistas de todas las clínicas multidisciplinarias especializadas en uveítis del país.
Conclusiones: en Costa Rica se cuenta con la mayoría de las opciones disponibles para el tratamiento de uveítis idiopáticas en el sistema público de salud. Se logró la creación de algoritmos de tratamiento para las diferentes patologías.
Descriptores: uveítis no infecciosa, inflamación ocular, autoinmunidad, inmunoterapia, catarata uveítica.
Enfermedad por hemoglobina H: primer caso de dobles heterocigotos hemoglobina Constant Spring / Sudeste Asiático en Costa Rica
Authors: Calderón Brenes Melissa , Porras Moreno Adriana , Granados Alfaro Paola , Cartín Sánchez Walter 
Published: March 2021

La enfermedad por hemoglobina H es un cuadro clínico que se presenta en las alfa talasemias, las cuales son enfermedades que cursan con anemia microcítica hipocrómica, debidas principalmente a deleciones en el gen de alfaglobina, lo que disminuye la producción de la cadena de alfa globina y promueve la formación de variantes de hemoglobina. Cuando se detectan variantes de hemoglobina en las alfa talasemias, por lo general, se debe a genotipos homocigotas o dobles heterocigotas para mutaciones y deleciones del gen de alfa globina coheredadas. En este artículo se describe el primer caso en Costa Rica, de dos hermanos con enfermedad por hemoglobina H, que fenotípicamente presentaron las variantes de hemoglobina H y hemoglobina Constant Spring en el análisis electroforético de la hemoglobina, y cuyo análisis molecular del gen de alfa globina detectó tanto la deleción sudeste asiático como la mutación para hemoglobina Constant Spring, siendo diagnosticados como dobles heterocigotos por alfa talasemia (genotipo --SEA/ααCS).
Descriptores: hemoglobina, anemia, talasemia alfa, hemoglobina H.
Logros académicos en Geriatría y Gerontología en Costa Rica
Authors: Morales Martínez Fernando 
Published: March 2021

El análisis panorámico de la información demográfica en Costa Rica y Latinoamérica evidencia el impacto que tiene y tendrá la demanda de servicios especializados en Geriatría y Gerontología, en los diferentes niveles de atención en un sistema nacional de salud y la comunidad. Esto involucra un enfoque multidisciplinario, interdisciplinario y transdisciplinario, por la complejidad inherente a las situaciones. El desarrollo histórico de la geriatría internacional y nacional, junto con los invaluablesaportes académicos mediante diferentes modalidades de enseñanza: educación médica continua, grado y postgrado, con la participación activa del Hospital Nacional de Geriatría y Gerontología de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social y de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Costa Rica, colocan al país en una posición aventajada en esta área de formación de recurso humano; los logros académicos obtenidos en los últimos 28 años permiten un escenario más optimista para las personas adultas mayores en el país.
Descriptores: Geriatría, Gerontología, docencia, demografía
Codeine for Acute Pain Related to Caesarean Section
Authors: Hill Shannon , Argáez Charlene 
Published: March 2021

Caesarean section rates have increased over the past 3 decades. Caesarean section is often associated with acute post-operative abdominal pain and medications containing codeine have been used for pain management. There are concerns related to the use of codeine for this purpose, particularly regarding the potential for neonatal toxicity and opioid-related adverse events for the postpartum patient.
There is limited evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness of codeine, with or without acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, in patients who have undergone Caesarean section. One randomized controlled trial found that codeine in combination with paracetamol (i.e., acetaminophen) provided better pain relief compared to paracetamol only or placebo in patients with high levels of post-Caesarean section pain. However, no difference in pain relief was observed between codeine in combination with paracetamol, paracetamol only, or placebo in patients with moderate levels of post-Caesarean section pain.
No evidence was found regarding the clinical effectiveness of codeine alone for acute pain in this specific population.
Snow water equivalents exclusively from snow depths and their temporal changes: the Δsnow model
Authors: Winkler Michael , Schellander Harald , Gruber Stefanie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Reliable historical manual measurements of snow depths are available for many years, sometimes decades, across the globe, and increasingly snow depth data are also available from automatic stations and remote sensing platforms. In contrast, records of snow water equivalent (SWE) are sparse, which is significant as SWE is commonly the most important snowpack feature for hydrology, climatology, agriculture, natural hazards, and other fields. Existing methods of modeling SWE either rely on detailed meteorological forcing being available or are not intended to simulate individual SWE values, such as seasonal “peak SWE”. Here we present a new semiempirical multilayer model, Δsnow, for simulating SWE and bulk snow density solely from a regular time series of snow depths. The model, which is freely available as an R package, treats snow compaction following the rules of Newtonian viscosity, considers errors in measured snow depth, and treats overburden loads due to new snow as additional unsteady compaction; if snow is melted, the water mass is stepwise distributed from top to bottom in the snowpack. Seven model parameters are subject to calibration. Snow observations of 67 winters from 14 stations, well-distributed over
different altitudes and climatic regions of the Alps, are used to find an
optimal parameter setting. Data from another 71 independent winters from 15 stations are used for validation. Results are very promising: median bias and root mean square error for SWE are only −3.0 and 30.8 kg m−2, and +0.3 and 36.3 kg m−2 for peak SWE, respectively. This is a major advance compared to snow models relying on empirical regressions, and even sophisticated thermodynamic snow models do not necessarily perform better. As such, the new model offers a means to derive robust SWE estimates from historical snow depth data and, with some modification, to generate distributed SWE from remotely sensed estimates of spatial snow depth distribution.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Penerapan Sasaran Keselamatan Pasien pada Perawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Langsa Tahun 2019
Authors: Nanda Mirani  , Arista Ardilla  
Published: March 2021

Keselamatan Pasien (Patient Safety) merupakan sesuatu yang jauh lebih penting dari pada sekedar efisiensi pelayanan, perilaku yang tidak aman, pelupa, kurangnya perhatian/motivasi, kecerobohan, tidak teliti dan kemampuan yang tidak memperdulikan dan menjaga keselamatan pasien, berisiko untuk terjadinya kesalahan dan akan mengakibatkan cedera pada pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penerapan sasaran keselamatan pasien pada perawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Langsa Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah perawat pelaksana sebanyak 73 responden. Dari hasil penelitian ini dengan menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square (Continuity Corection) pada derajat kepercayaan 95% ( α= 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara variabel supervisi (p = 0,000 ; >0,05), sikap (p = 0,001 ; >0,05), beban kerja (p = 0,002 >0,05) dengan penerapan sasaran keselamatan pasien di RSUD Kota Langsa. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini ialah ada hubungan antara supervisi, sikap, dan beban kerja dengan penerapan sasaran keselamatan pasien di instalasi rawat inap RSUD Kota Langsa.
Poverty Is Not Poverty: The Reality on the Ground Including the Rural-Urban Divide and How We Can Turn the Tide on NCDs
Authors: Michel Janet , Tanner Marcel 
Published: March 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) tend to occur in younger sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations, about 20 years earlier as compared to high income countries (HIC). Weak health systems and infrastructure, scarce cardiac professionals, skewed budget away from non-communicable diseases (NCD), high treatment costs and reduced access to health care. On top of that, hypertension diagnosis, treatment and control are low, less than 40%, less than 35% and 10-20% respectively. SSA has 23% of the worlds rheumatic disease, while 80% of CVD deaths occur in low to middle income countries. Poverty is not poverty. The rural–urban divide is one reality that has to be acknowledged among others, particularly in Africa. Being poor, while owning land and having the possibility to grow crops and rear livestock, goats and chickens, is different from being an unemployed young man or young woman, renting one room, in a crowded township with dilapidated infrastructure, intermittent or untreated water and surrounded by leaking sewers. Understanding the dynamics in different contexts is important for us to identify and address the different challenges affecting health in general, and heart health of people in these contexts in particular. For example, the detection, treatment and control rates of hypertension are higher in semi-urban as compared to rural areas. Detection rates for both men and women are suboptimal particularly in rural areas. Diet, sedentary life, loneliness and stress, insecure environments rather and unsafe places to walk are issues more common in urban settings. The conditions in which people are born, live, grow and work affect their health. The rural conditions are very different from the urban ones. The quality of air, access and types of food, stress levels, isolation, loneliness and fear not to mention violence, vary. All these factors affect heart health in one way or the other. Addressing heart health issues therefore ought to be context specific. The burdens might be treble or more for some -economically, environmentally (climate change, political instability), socially and historically-apartheid and colonialism.
Proměny Brněnského varhanního festivalu
Authors: Kučerová Judita , Bartošová Hana , Veselá Alena , Bejček Jan , Sedláček Marek 
Published: March 2021

The presented publication brings knowledge about the cultural-historical development of the festival, dramaturgical concept, choice of artists, the character of concert instruments, etc. The first chapter contains a cross-section of the 40-year history of the festival (Judita Kučerová). The historical study is followed by 3 chapters, first including the personal memories and experiences of the contemporary dramaturg and festival organizer Hana Bartošová. The essay on the organist's mission as a concert artist was contributed by the founder of the organ festival, prof. Alena Veselá, former rector of the Janáček Academy of Performing Arts in Brno and still active concert organist. The chapter on the concert organs, which the individual music evenings are played, was prepared by P. Jan Martin Bejček, OSB. The last part of the collective monograph consists of overviews of concerts held since the first years of the festival (Hana Bartošová), then in the period when the artistic and financial patronage of the Brno Organ Festival was taken over by the Club of Moravian Composers (Marek Sedláček) and an overview of non-Brno concerts (Hana Bartošová). The text has a source nature, the authors draw on preserved written documents and interviews with witnesses and festival organizers.
Education during the COVID-19: crisis Opportunities and constraints of using EdTech in low-income countries
Authors: Jordan Katy , David Raluca , Phillips Toby , Pellini Arnaldo 
Published: March 2021

La pandemia de Covid-19 ha marcado el comienzo de un período de interrupción educativa a una escala sin precedentes. Durante este tiempo de crisis, la educación no funcionará como de costumbre y EdTech por sí sola no puede cerrar la brecha de aprendizaje. Serán maestros dedicados y educadores resilientes quienes se asegurarán de que el aprendizaje no se detenga, pero las herramientas de EdTech adecuadas podrían ayudarlos. Sin embargo, la brecha digital significa que el acceso a Internet y a las redes móviles varía mucho en los países de ingresos medios y bajos. En este documento de debate, exploramos algunas de las limitaciones clave de utilizar EdTech a escala para apoyar la educación en países de bajos ingresos en un momento de crisis, y destacamoslas oportunidades que han surgido hasta ahora, en un contexto que cambia rápidamente. Nos basamos en la evidencia y los ejemplos para fundamentar las decisiones políticas y de programación, pasando de la respuesta de emergencia inicial a la construcción de resiliencia a largo plazo, y planificando para diagnosticar y tratar las brechas de aprendizaje que han surgido durante la crisis.
The Covid-19 pandemic has ushered in a period of educational disruption on an unprecedented scale. During this time of crisis, education will not be business as usual, and EdTech alone cannot close the learning gap. It will be dedicated teachers and resilient educators who will ensure learning doesn’t st op — but they could be helped by the right EdTech tools. However, the digital divide means that internet and mobile network access varies greatly in middle and low - income countries. In this discussion paper, we explore some of the key constraints of using EdTech at scale to support education in low - income countries at a time of crisis, and highlight the opportunities that have so far emerged, in a rapidly - changing context. We draw upon evidence and examples to inform policy and programming decisions, moving from the initial emergency response to building resilience in the longer term, and planning to diagnose and treat the learning gaps that have emerged during the crisis.
Photosynthetic responses ofHalimeda scabra(Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales) to interactive effects of temperature, pH, and nutrients and its carbon pathways
Authors: Zuñiga-Rios Daily , Vásquez-Elizondo Román Manuel , Caamal Edgar , Robledo Daniel 
Published: March 2021

In this study, we evaluated the interactive effects of temperature, pH, and nutrients on photosynthetic performance in the calcareous tropical macroalgaHalimeda scabra. A significant interaction among these factors on gross photosynthesis (Pgross) was found. The highest values ofPgrosswere reached at the highest temperature, pH, and nutrient enrichment tested and similarly in the control treatment (no added nutrients) at 33 °C at the lowest pH. TheQ10Pgrossvalues confirmed the effect of temperature only under nutrient enrichment scenarios. Besides the above, bicarbonate (HCO3−) absorption was assessed by the content of carbon stable isotope (δ13C) in algae tissue and by its incorporation into photosynthetic products, as well as by carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors (Acetazolamide, AZ and Ethoxyzolamide, EZ) assays. The labeling of δ13C revealed this species uses both, CO2and HCO3−forms ofCirelying on a CO2Concentration Mechanism (CCM). These results were validated by the EZ-AZ inhibition assays in which photosynthesis inhibition was observed, indicating the action of internal CA, whereas AZ inhibitor did not affect maximum photosynthesis (Pmax). The incorporation of13C isotope into aspartate in light and dark treatments also confirmed photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic the HCO3−uptake.
Tailored Design‐of‐Experiments Approach for Device Performance Prediction and Optimization of Flash‐Evaporated Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskite‐Based Photodetectors
Authors: Lee Jonghoon , Lee Woocheol , Lee Jeongjae , Baek Kyeong‐Yoon , Shin Jiwon , Kim Jae‐Keun , Kim Junwoo , Ahn Heebeom , Kang Keehoon , Lee Takhee 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSingle‐source flash evaporation method has recently gained attention for its potential as a rapid and solvent‐free deposition method for producing organic–inorganic halide perovskite (OHP) films in large‐scale. However, due to a complex nature of the different experimental parameters involved in the deposition process, it is not straightforward to obtain the optimal condition for producing high‐quality OHP films. In this study, this problem is tackled by employing the design‐of‐experiment (DoE) process, which is an efficient statistical analysis for finding an optimized condition with a minimized number of experiments. The DoE process is used for optimizing the responsivity of the OHP photodetector devices against the input variables used in the deposition that yielded an enhanced responsivity of 112.2 mA W−1, which is up to an order of magnitude higher than that of the unoptimized devices. The experimental results using the DoE method provide not only the conditions required for enhancing the device performance but also the guidelines for improving the overall film quality through exploring the variable space of the flash evaporation technique.
Home range, sleeping site use, and band fissioning in hamadryas baboons: Improved estimates using GPS collars
Authors: Henriquez Megan C. , Amann Alexis , Zimmerman Dawn , Sanchez Carlos , Murray Suzan , McCann Colleen , Tesfaye Teklu , Swedell Larissa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVariation in spatial and temporal distribution of resources drives animal movement patterns. Links between ecology and behavior are particularly salient for the multilevel society of hamadryas baboons, in which social units cleave and coalesce over time in response to ecological factors. Here, we used data from GPS collars to estimate home range size and assess temporal patterns of sleeping site use in a band of hamadryas baboons in Awash National Park, Ethiopia. We used GPS data derived from 2 to 3 collared baboons over three 8–12‐month collaring intervals to estimate annual and monthly home ranges using kernel density estimators (KDEs) and minimum convex polygons (MCPs). The 95% KDE home range was 64.11 km2 for Collaring Interval I (July 2015–March 2016), 85.52 km2 for Collaring Interval II (October 2016–October 2017), 76.43 km2 for Collaring Interval III (July 2018–May 2019), and 75.25 km2 across all three collaring intervals. MCP home ranges were 103.46 km2 for Collaring Interval I, 97.90 km2 for Collaring Interval II, 105.22 km2 for Collaring Interval III, and 129.33 km2 overall. Ninety‐five percent KDE home range sizes did not differ across months, nor correlate with temperature or precipitation, but monthly MCP home ranges increased with monthly precipitation. Our data also revealed a southward home range shift over time and seven previously unknown sleeping sites, three of which were used more often during the wet season. Band cohesion was highest during dry months and lowest during wet months, with fissioning occurring more frequently at higher temperatures. One pair of collared individuals from Collaring Interval III spent 95% of nights together, suggesting they were members of the same clan. Our results both suggest that previous studies have underestimated the home range size of hamadryas baboons and highlight the benefits of remote data collection.
Azobioisosteres of Curcumin with Pronounced Activity against Amyloid Aggregation, Intracellular Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation
Authors: Hofmann Julian , Ginex Tiziana , Espargaró Alba , Scheiner Matthias , Gunesch Sandra , Aragó Marc , Stigloher Christian , Sabaté Raimon , Luque F. Javier , Decker Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany (poly‐)phenolic natural products, for example, curcumin and taxifolin, have been studied for their activity against specific hallmarks of neurodegeneration, such as amyloid‐β 42 (Aβ42) aggregation and neuroinflammation. Due to their drawbacks, arising from poor pharmacokinetics, rapid metabolism, and even instability in aqueous medium, the biological activity of azobenzene compounds carrying a pharmacophoric catechol group, which have been designed as bioisoteres of curcumin has been examined. Molecular simulations reveal the ability of these compounds to form a hydrophobic cluster with Aβ42, which adopts different folds, affecting the propensity to populate fibril‐like conformations. Furthermore, the curcumin bioisosteres exceeded the parent compound in activity against Aβ42 aggregation inhibition, glutamate‐induced intracellular oxidative stress in HT22 cells, and neuroinflammation in microglial BV‐2 cells. The most active compound prevented apoptosis of HT22 cells at a concentration of 2.5 μm (83 % cell survival), whereas curcumin only showed very low protection at 10 μm (21 % cell survival).