bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General analytic theory of classical collinear three-wave mixing in a monolithic cavity
Authors: Santandrea Matteo , Stefszky Michael , Silberhorn Christine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Integrated, monolithic nonlinear cavities are of great interest in both classical and quantum optics experiments due to their high efficiency and stability. However, a general analytic theory of classical three-wave mixing in such monolithic systems, including both linear and nonlinear regions with arbitrary finesse and non-zero propagation losses, is a challenging task. Here, we derive such a model for any three-wave mixing process (second harmonic, sum frequency and difference frequency generation) under the sole assumption of low single-pass conversion efficiency. We demonstrate remarkable agreement between the presented model and the experimentally obtained highly complex second-harmonic spectrum of a titanium-indiffused lithium niobate waveguide cavity that includes both a linear and nonlinear section. We then show the effect that reversing the linear and nonlinear regions has on the output spectrum, highlighting the importance of system design. Finally, we demonstrate that the model can be extended to include the effect of phase modulation applied to the cavity.
Effect of solution treatment on the microstructure of dissimilar welding joints of Ta-10W and GH3128
Authors: Tao Fu , Li Dong , Jia Shudang , Fan Linhao , Chen Jieshi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Electron beam welding (EBW) process is employed to weld Ta-10W and GH3128 plates of 2 mm thick, which is very beneficial to the development of aerospace engine combustor. The microstructure of the as-welded (AW) and solution-treated (ST) samples are characterized. The phase transformation program of the fusion zone (FZ) of GH3128 and Ta-10W joints is

L
→
L
+

M

6

C
→
L
+
γ

+

M

6

C

→
L

+

γ
+

M

6

C
+

M

23

C

6

→
γ
+

M

6

C

+

M

23

C

6

→
γ
+

M

23

C

6

+
P
.

Whether in the AW or ST state, the reaction layers formed by hard intermediate phases are found between the FZ and Ta-10W. Comparing the two states, voids zone is formed at the interface of the reaction layer near the FZ in the ST state. Additionally, it is also found that the growth of the reaction layer was promoted at the solution temperature. It is certain that the solution treatment keeps many positive significances. First of all, the banded P phase worsening the properties of materials has not been formed. Secondly, the performance of the FZ is strengthened by the dispersed granular M6C. Thirdly, the distribution of coincident-site lattice (CSL) grain boundaries (GBs) in the FZ is more uniform than that in the AW state.
Effect of WC content on microstructure, hardness, and wear properties of plasma cladded Fe–Cr–C–WC coating
Authors: Yuan Renyue , Bai Xuewei , Li Haozhe , Zhang Zhicong , Sun Shijie , Zhai Yankun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Q235 sample was coated with ball-milled Fe–Cr–C–WC powder using plasma cladding technology, and the influence of tungsten carbide (WC) content on the surface microstructure, hardness, and wear properties of the coated steel was evaluated. The single factor test of optimal WC content was carried out on DML-02BD plasma cladding machine, and the material after cladding was analyzed. The microstructure distribution, elemental composition and phase composition of the coating were observed by MIRA3-XMH scanning electron microscopy. The microhardness of cladding layer can indirectly reflect the properties of cladding layer to a certain extent, which is measured by the Vickers microhardness tester. The wear quality, friction coefficient and wear mark morphology can directly reflect the wear resistance of the test blocks. These are observed by the ring block friction and wear tester and the ultra depth of field microscope, respectively. With an increasing WC content, the microhardness of the cladding layer shows an upward trend. The main hard phases of the cladding layer after adding WC are (Cr, Fe)7C3, (Fe, Ni)23C7, and the other phases are γ-Fe, Fe3W3C, WCandFe2W. After 6 h friction and wear test, the cladding layer with 30%WC showed the best wear resistance. The total wear amount, wear volume, wear rate and friction coefficient were 0.01 g, 4.22 mm3, 2.344 × 10–4 mm3/(N·m), and 0.35, which were 1/10, 1/5, 1/5, and 7/10 of those without WC cladding layer, respectively. It can be concluded that different WC contents affect the surface microstructure and properties of Fe–Cr–C alloy coating treated by plasma cladding technology. At a WC content of 30%, the microstructure and properties of the cladding layer reach the best.
Characterization of cissus quadrangularis fiber polymer composites along with properties analysis
Authors: M Sankarasubramanian , P Pitchipoo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The natural fibers such as coir, flax, oil palm, jute etc are widely used in civil construction and automobile industries based on their advantages like eco friendlyness as well as their enhanced performances whereas the synthetic fibers namely kevlar, carbon and glass yield higher production costs. Hence in this present work, a new natural fiber, the Cissus Quadrangularis, which is made from the Cissus Quadrangularis plant, has been introduced and it is bio-degradable, renewable, and eco friendly. The chemical composition, density, mechanical properties and water absorption potential of fiber bundles are investigated and impressive results are obtained. The composite material has been fabricated by the fiber with different weight percentage in the form of powder and its characterizations and the mechanical properties have been studied. The results reveal that the fabricated composite is suitable for structural applications and a better replacement of synthetic fibers. The mechanical features of Cissus Quadrangularis are reinforced with unsaturated polyester composite and it is optimized by changing the fiber content.
Effects of current output modes on the growth kinetics and corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation coatings on magnesium alloy
Authors: Yuan Junwen , Liu Cancan , Xu Tong , Jiang Bailing , Li Hongtao , Yang Bo 
Published: June 2021

Abstracts
Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings were prepared on the AZ31 Mg alloy under the constant/gradient current control modes. The effects of current output modes on the growth rate, energy consumption, microstructure, and corrosion resistance of MAO coatings were studied. The results shows that the current step-down mode (G852) exhibited a lower unit energy consumption than the constant current mode (C5) and the current step-up mode (G258), even though the same average current density current was used during MAO process. Meanwhile, the G852 is conducive to a thick and dense coating, resulting in a better corrosion resistance. The method of energy saving preparation of corrosion resistant MAO coating by adjusting the current mode is of great significance for practical production.
Design and novel turn-off mechanism in transistor lasers
Authors: Wu Bohao , Dallesasse John M , Leburton Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We provide a quantitative analysis of the spontaneous recombination time in the quantum well (QW) of a transistor laser (TL) that shows that owing to the heavy doping in the base of the transistor, Auger recombination is responsible for the short carrier lifetime and low quantum efficiency of the device. By taking advantage of the QW location close to the collector in the TL three-terminal configuration, we devise a new turn-off mechanism that results in quick electron tunneling through the QW barrier by applying a high base-collector reverse bias to deplete the QW and suppress further recombination. For practical base-collector reverse bias, tunneling time from the QW is on the order of 10th of picosecond, which with a lighter base doping density would simultaneously achieve a fast TL turn-off response, while reducing Auger recombination.
SANS serif: alignment-free, whole-genome-based phylogenetic reconstruction
Authors: Rempel Andreas , Wittler Roland 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Summary
SANS serif is a novel software for alignment-free, whole-genome-based phylogeny estimation that follows a pangenomic approach to efficiently calculate a set of splits in a phylogenetic tree or network.

Availability and implementation
Implemented in C++ and supported on Linux, MacOS and Windows. The source code is freely available for download at https://gitlab.ub.uni-bielefeld.de/gi/sans.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ClusTCR: a python interface for rapid clustering of large sets of CDR3 sequences with unknown antigen specificity
Authors: Valkiers Sebastiaan , Van Houcke Max , Laukens Kris , Meysman Pieter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Motivation
The T-cell receptor (TCR) determines the specificity of a T-cell towards an epitope. As of yet, the rules for antigen recognition remain largely undetermined. Current methods for grouping TCRs according to their epitope specificity remain limited in performance and scalability. Multiple methodologies have been developed, but all of them fail to efficiently cluster large datasets exceeding 1 million sequences. To account for this limitation, we developed ClusTCR, a rapid TCR clustering alternative that efficiently scales up to millions of CDR3 amino acid sequences, without knowledge about their antigen specificity.

Results
Benchmarking comparisons revealed similar accuracy of ClusTCR as compared to other TCR clustering methods, as measured by cluster retention, purity and consistency. ClusTCR offers a drastic improvement in clustering speed, which allows the clustering of millions of TCR sequences in just a few minutes through ultraefficient similarity searching and sequence hashing.

Availability and implementation
ClusTCR was written in Python 3. It is available as an anaconda package (https://anaconda.org/svalkiers/clustcr) and on github (https://github.com/svalkiers/clusTCR).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Assessing the Victim–Offender Overlap in Prison Victimization and Misconduct Among Taiwanese Male Inmates
Authors: Kuo Shih-ya , Chang Kuang-ming , Chen Yu-shu , Lai Yung-lien , Chang Yuan-song , Li Yi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA substantial body of research supports the existence of the victim–offender overlap in the general population. However, few scholars have investigated this phenomenon in the prison context. Drawing on survey data collected from 2,065 male inmates residing in Taiwan’s nine prisons, this study tested the victim–offender overlap hypothesis and identified the most common characteristics of inmates assuming the dual role. Bivariate probit analyses revealed that the victim–offender overlap in the general population also applies to the incarcerated. Four common risk factors were found among inmates who were both victims and offenders. The findings have clear implications for researchers, practitioners and policymakers and shed light on the understudied topic of the victim–offender overlap phenomenon in prison.
A Study Exploring How Social Work AMHPs Experience Assessment under Mental Health Law: Implications for Human Rights-Oriented Social Work Practice
Authors: Abbott Simon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There is little empirical research focusing on how social workers experience the law in their everyday professional practice, and still less on how mental health social workers experience assessment for compulsory admission under mental health law. The article is informed by a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, drawing on in-depth interviews and practitioner diaries with social work Approved Mental Health Professionals (AMHPs), providing exploration of how social work AMHPs experience compulsory assessment under mental health law in practice. This is revealed as a socio-relational process, involving a focus on the person in their environment in relation to others, such as family and professionals. Ethical challenges realising human rights social work practice are illuminated. This draws attention to how space for such practice can be eroded by systems conditions. The importance of amplifying the voice of the person assessed is highlighted in the context that their voice is severely diminished during the process of assessment. The article provides insights on the complexity involved in compulsory mental health practice, drawing attention to trust as an important concept. Finally, the article argues that realising human rights-oriented AMHP practice requires social work to challenge systems conditions that erode the ability to do so.
Sleep Enhances Consolidation of Memory Traces for Complex Problem-Solving Skills
Authors: van den Berg N H , Pozzobon A , Fang Z , Al-Kuwatli J , Toor B , Ray L B , Fogel S M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sleep consolidates memory for procedural motor skills, reflected by sleep-dependent changes in the hippocampal-striatal-cortical network. Other forms of procedural skills require the acquisition of a novel strategy to solve a problem, which recruit overlapping brain regions and specialized areas including the caudate and prefrontal cortex. Sleep preferentially benefits strategy and problem-solving skills over the accompanying motor execution movements. However, it is unclear how acquiring new strategies benefit from sleep. Here, participants performed a task requiring the execution of a sequence of movements to learn a novel cognitive strategy. Participants performed this task while undergoing fMRI before and after an interval of either a full night sleep, a daytime nap, or wakefulness. Participants also performed a motor control task, which precluded the opportunity to learn the strategy. In this way, we subtracted motor execution-related brain activations from activations specific to the strategy. The sleep and nap groups experienced greater behavioral performance improvements compared to the wake group on the strategy-based task. Following sleep, we observed enhanced activation of the caudate in addition to other regions in the hippocampal-striatal-cortical network, compared to wakefulness. This study demonstrates that sleep is a privileged time to enhance newly acquired cognitive strategies needed to solve problems.
Novel Causal Relations between Neuronal Networks due to Synchronization
Authors: Wang Sentao , Chen Hongbiao , Zhan Yang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the process of information transmission, information is thought to be transmitted from the networks that are activated by the input to the networks that are silent or nonactivated. Here, via numerical simulation of a 3-network motif, we show that the silent neuronal network when interconnected with other 2 networks can exert much stronger causal influences on the other networks. Such an unexpected causal relationship results from high degree of synchronization in this network. The predominant party is consistently the network whose noise is smaller when the noise level in each network is considered. Our results can shed lights on how the internal network dynamics can affect the information flow of interconnected neuronal networks.
Inside the Sickchamber in Early Modern England: The Experience of Illness through Six Objects
Authors: Newton Hannah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article transports the reader imaginatively into the early modern sickchamber, a space that has rarely attracted much historiographical attention. Focusing on England c.1600–1720, it reconstructs the patient’s sensory and emotional experiences of this environment. To do so, a material culture approach is adopted, which involves the analysis of six objects from the sickroom: a physic vessel, bedcurtains, clock, mattress, sheets, and blankets. The central argument is that sickness radically altered the way people related to the things around them. When seriously unwell, the sights, sounds, tastes, smells, and tactile sensations of the items which, during health, gave rise to feelings of comfort, became sources of distress. Through this research, the article showcases the mutual benefits that an object-driven approach can bring to the twin fields of medical and material history. For the former, it sheds fresh light on the very meaning of disease in this period, showing that it was conceived as a form of dis-possession. A focus on objects also reveals a number of hitherto overlooked forms of suffering, such as ‘swallowing a lothsome potion’, tinnitus, and sleeplessness. For material studies, the article demonstrates the vital role of the senses in the ‘emotive agency’ of objects, as well as offering an opportunity to tackle the notorious challenge of the silence of many historical records on ‘everyday objects’. Confined to the sickchamber for a stretch of time, the attention of the sick rested on the things around them, eliciting comments which would have rarely been voiced in health.
Efficacy and safety of the GOLD FORCE multicentre randomized clinical trial: multielectrode phased radiofrequency vs. irrigated radiofrequency single-tip catheter with contact force ablation for treatment of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wintgens Lisette I S , Klaver Martijn N , Maarse Moniek , Spitzer Stefan G , Langbein Anke , Swaans Martin J , Van Dijk Vincent F , Balt Jippe C , Wijffels Maurits C E F , Tijssen Jan G P , Elvan Arif , Boersma Lucas V A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF) has become increasingly safe and effective with the evolution of single-tip ablation catheters aided by contact force sensing (ST-CF) and single-shot devices such as the second-generation pulmonary vein ablation catheter (PVAC) Gold multi-electrode array. The multicentre randomized GOLD FORCE trial was conducted to evaluate non-inferiority of safety and efficacy of PVAC Gold PVI compared to ST-CF ablation for paroxysmal AF.

Methods and results
The primary efficacy endpoint documented AF recurrence ≥30 s was assessed by time-to-first-event analysis after a 90-day blanking period using repeated 7-day Holters. Secondary endpoints include acute success and procedural characteristics. Safety endpoints included procedural complications, stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA), tamponade, bleeding, and access site complications. Two hundred and eight patients underwent randomization and PVI (103 assigned to PVAC Gold, 105 to ST-CF). Acute success rates were 95% and 97% for PVAC Gold and ST-CF, respectively. At 12 months, AF recurrence was observed in 46.6% of the PVAC Gold group and in 26.2% of the ST-CF group [absolute efficacy difference 20.4% (95% confidence interval, CI 7.5–33.2%), hazard ratio 2.05 (95% CI 1.28–3.29), P = 0.003]. PVAC Gold had significantly shorter procedure and ablation times. Complication rates were 5.7% and 4.9% for PVAC Gold and ST-CF, respectively (P = 0.782).

Conclusion
In this multicentre randomized clinical trial, ablation with ST-CF and PVAC Gold ablation catheters non-inferiority for efficacy was not met. AF recurrence was significantly more frequent in the PVAC Gold group compared to single-tip contact force group. Both groups had similarly low rates of adverse events. PVAC Gold ablation had significantly shorter procedure and ablation times.
The European Food Regulatory Environment Index: a tool to monitor progress in implementing food environment policies
Authors: Madureira Lima Joana , Rayner Mike , Breda João , Jewell Jo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Evidence based health policy, such as that put forward in the European Food and Nutrition Action Plan 2015–2020 and the WHO Global Action Plan on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, has a role in curbing the consumption of unhealthful foods and drink. We ask how countries are performing in the adoption of these policies and how the comprehensiveness of their food environment policies explains variations in consumption of unhealthful products across Europe.

Methods
In order to assess the state of policy adoption, we developed a composite indicator—the Food Regulatory Environment Index (FREI) for which we calculated unweighted and weighted formulations according to the strength of the evidence base. We used linear regression models to explain variations in the consumption of unhealthful products as well as variations in a composite indicator of obesogenic diets.

Results
Overall, wealthier countries in the Region perform better. The weighting of the constituent policies does not affect the rankings. We find negative associations between unweighted and weighted formulations of the Index and household consumption of sugary and carbonate drinks as well as with the composite indicator for obesogenic diets.

Conclusions
The main strength of this study is the comprehensiveness and comparability of the policy data across the relatively large number of countries covered. There is a negative association that is statistically significant, between all formulations of the FREI and the household consumption of sugary and carbonated drinks. There is also a negative association between some FREI formulations and obesogenic diets.
The effectiveness of teleconsultations in primary care: systematic review
Authors: Carrillo de Albornoz Sara , Sia Kah-Ling , Harris Anthony 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has focussed attention on models of healthcare that avoid face-to-face contacts between clinicians and patients, and teleconsultations have become the preferred mode of primary care delivery. However, the effectiveness of remote consultations in this setting remains unclear.

Objective
To evaluate the impact of telephone or video consultations compared to those conducted face-to-face on key patient-relevant outcomes and healthcare utilisation in primary care, mental health and allied health services, which have had a critical role in the management of the wider and longer-term consequences of COVID-19.

Methods
A systematic review of primary studies comparing telephone or video consultations versus face-to-face visits, following the PRISMA guidelines.

Results
Overall, consultations delivered by telephone and videoconference were as effective as face-to-face in-person visits to improve clinical outcomes in adults with mental health conditions and those attending primary care services. Patient satisfaction with telephone and video consultations and the therapeutic alliance was high across the studies. However, high discontinuation rates in patients receiving teleconsultations indicate this may not be a suitable modality of healthcare delivery for all patients. Teleconsultations offer significant patient time savings in primary care, but appropriate implementation, including training of healthcare professionals and management of technical issues, is essential to ensure effective and valuable clinical interventions.

Conclusions
Teleconsultations via telephone or videoconference are an effective alternative to face-to-face consultations for many patients attending primary care and mental health services. Teleconsultations have the potential to deliver time-efficient and lower-cost interventions at a distance while improving access to healthcare.