bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating performance of fabricated electrospun polyethersulfone/Zeolite Y composite nanofibers in concentrate lemon juice by the osmotic membrane distillation process
Authors: Estedlali Zahra , Aroujalian Abdolreza , Salimi Parisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this work is to increase the hydrophobicity of Polyethersulfone (PES) by adding Zeolite Y nanoparticles and investigating hydrophobicity, and the performance of fabricated membrane in concentrate fresh juice by the osmotic membrane distillation (OMD) process. Membranes containing 0, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.12 wt% of Zeolite Y nanoparticles were fabricated by the electrospinning method. Prepared membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), contact angle, and tensile. Pure water permeability was also measured for each membrane. Membranes were evaluated in the concentration of raw and fresh lemon juice (initial Brix of 6.75°) by the OMD process. Also, the concentrated juice color (a*, b*, L*, and ΔE) was measured for the most hydrophobic membrane. The contact angle of the electrospun membrane with 0 and 0.12 wt% of Zeolite Y nanoparticles were 138° and 160°, respectively, showing an increase in their surface hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the final concentration of juice during 5 hr of the OMD process with membranes containing 0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12 wt% Zeolite Y and with the same stripping solution reached 33, 34.25, 34, 34.5°Brix, respectively. Finally, transpired that the time to reach the final concentration by the membrane containing 0.12 wt% nanoparticles was about 45 min shorter than the membrane without nanoparticles. The juice color had become redder, yellower, and darker. Adding nanoparticles and using the electrospinning method increases the hydrophobicity of the membrane. In the OMD process, as the hydrophobicity of the membrane increases, the duration of concentration decreases.Practical applicationsConsidering the various benefits of the fabricated membrane, it can be used to concentrate fruit juice in less time.
Revascularization versus medical therapy in patients aged 80 and older with stable ischemic heart disease
Authors: Phan Derek Q. , Zadegan Ray , Lee Ming‐Sum 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundOlder patients are underrepresented in landmark randomized trials for stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD). Therefore, we sought to evaluate the benefits of revascularization in patients ≥80 years old with SIHD.MethodsRetrospective study of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography (ICA) for SIHD between 2009 and 2019. Patients were grouped according to treatment: revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI] or coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]) versus initial medical therapy alone. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)‐adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed. Outcomes evaluated were all‐cause mortality, non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and repeat revascularization.ResultsA total of 1015 patients (median age 83.0, interquartile range [IQR] 81.3–85.2 years; 29% female) underwent ICA for SIHD. Of these, 557 (55%) were treated with revascularization and 458 (45%) with initial medical therapy alone. Baseline characteristics were well balanced after IPTW adjustment. At median follow‐up of 3.5 years (IQR 1.7–5.9 years), there were no differences in all‐cause mortality and non‐fatal MI between treatment groups; but there was an increased need for repeat revascularization (IPTW adjusted hazard ratio 2.22, 95% confidence interval 1.53–3.22) with revascularization. Separately comparing PCI or CABG alone versus medical therapy yielded similar results; as well as in subgroup analysis (except for patients ≥90 years old and those without prior CABG).ConclusionThere were no differences in all‐cause mortality and non‐fatal MI with invasive revascularization (either PCI or CABG) versus medical therapy alone in patients ≥80 years old with SIHD. Large randomized trials focusing on older patients are warranted to guide clinical practice in this growing population.
Application of red light therapy for moderate‐to‐severe acne vulgaris: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Yifan , Deng Yu , Huang Peng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhotodynamic therapy had made great progress in the treatment of acne vulgaris. However, there is no meta‐analysis on the effectiveness and safety of red light therapy for acne vulgaris.ObjectiveTo assess the efficiency and safety of red light therapy for acne vulgaris.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science were retrieved to identify related studies. The outcomes were expressed as improvement in the average percentages of inflammatory acne lesions (MPRI) and non‐inflammatory acne lesions (NMPRI), as well as the improvement of acne lesions respectively after treatment.Results13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) consisting of 422 participants were included. There was no significant difference in the average number of non‐inflammatory lesions (weighted mean difference (WMD = −0.527; 95% CI,‐3.055~2.001; p = 0.683). Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in the average number of inflammatory lesions (WMD =0.701; 95% CI, −0.809~2.212; p =0.363). In the subgroup analysis of the outcome changes in comedones, pustules, papules, and total lesions, it was found that red light therapy elicited no significant superiority compared with other conventional treatment methods (WMD = −1.125; 95% CI, −3.122~0.873; p = 0.270). Adverse events of the red light group were generally mild or even completely non‐existent.ConclusionThere was no statistically significant difference between red light therapy and traditional therapies in terms of efficacy. However, due to the heterogeneity of the researches and the lack of large sample size, the result of this study needs to be interpreted with caution.
Nursing perspectives on reducing sedentary behaviour in sub‐acute hospital settings: A mixed methods study
Authors: Hills Danny , Ekegren Christina , Plummer Virginia , Freene Nicole , Kunstler Breanne , Robinson Tracy , Healy Ellen , Vo Jennifer , Gasevic Danijela , Crabtree Amelia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAim and objectivesTo determine the factors influencing nurses’ decisions and capacity to reduce sedentary behaviour in hospital inpatients in sub‐acute hospital settings.BackgroundSedentary behaviour in hospital inpatients is a complex issue that can be resistant to resolution. There is little research investigating factors influencing nurses’ promotion of reduced levels of sedentary behaviour in sub‐acute hospital settings.DesignAn explanatory sequential design was employed, comprising quantitative and qualitative phases.MethodsAn online survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 138 nurses from five Australian states. Logistic regression modelling identified demographic and behavioural characteristics of nurses who often encouraged patients to reduce their sedentary behaviour. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 11 ward nurses and nurse managers, with the content subjected to thematic analysis. STROBE and GRAMMS checklists were employed.ResultsNurses recognised their role in promoting reduced sedentary behaviour but faced a range of personal and organisational barriers in achieving this outcome for patients. Few nurses were aware of national physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines. Five themes emerged from interviews (nursing role, care challenges, expectations of advocates, teamwork and improving the experience). Overall, many nurses experienced a lack of agency in promoting reduced sedentary behaviour and cognitive dissonance in feeling unable to undertake this role.ConclusionsThe results of this study are significant in confirming that reducing sedentary behaviour in hospital inpatients is influenced by a range of complex and multi‐level factors. There is a fundamental need for organisational and clinical leadership in building a culture and climate in which staff feel empowered to promote reduced sedentary behaviour in their patients.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study highlight the importance of taking action to reduce sedentary behaviour in sub‐acute hospital settings. A co‐design approach to developing interventions in local health services is warranted.
Interpersonal Outcomes of Religious Identity Management at Work
Authors: Ahmad Afra S. , King Eden , Lindsey Alex , Sabat Isaac , Phetmisy Cassandra , Anderson Amanda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite potential positive intrapersonal outcomes of expressing important aspects of identity, people fear its negative interpersonal consequences. Two complementary studies with triangulating methodologies explore the interpersonal implications of a full range of religious identity management behaviours, from concealing to ardently revealing religion in the workplace. A field experiment manipulating religion and identity management behaviours demonstrated that ardently revealing a religious affiliation improved interpersonal reactions across religious groups. A complementary virtual experiment suggested that the effects of revealing behaviours (whether in relation to one’s religion or another social identity group) on interpersonal reactions were explained by enhanced perceptions of authenticity. Together, these findings provide robust evidence that being open about social group memberships can result in positive interpersonal experiences.
Adverse post‐operative events of salivary gland biopsies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Valdez Remberto M. A. , Melo Thayanara S. , Santos‐Silva Alan R. , Duarte Angela , Gueiros Luiz A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the complications following major and minor salivary gland biopsy.Materials and MethodsObservational studies assessing postoperative complications of minor salivary gland biopsy and indexed at Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Cinahl, LILACS, or Scopus were selected. This review was registered under the protocol number: CRD42020211169. The level of significance considered was 0.05, and the R software (The R Foundation) was used for the meta‐analysis.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies reporting 3208 patients were included in this review. The combined prevalence of postsurgical complications was 11% (95% CI, 8 to 13%, p = 0.01). The percentage of the combined prevalence of neurological complications was 3% (95% CI, 1–6%, p = 0.01). The surgical technique did not influence the frequency of overall and neurological complications.ConclusionMinor salivary gland biopsies are a safe and predictable procedure that should be performed on the lower lip. Postoperative complications are more common than previously reported, but permanent complaints are uncommon.
Consequences of child maltreatment: A glimpse at stress and sleep
Authors: Pfaff Angela , Schlarb Angelika A. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe present study goal was to provide further information on the association of maltreatment experiences in childhood (CM) and impaired sleep taking the hyperarousal theory of insomnia and stress reaction into account. In all, 62 participants took part in the study. CM history (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were assessed before study commencement. In addition, participants wore an actigraph for 6–7 consecutive nights and completed a sleep log during this time. After 3–4 days, the participants took part in a laboratory stress paradigm (Maastricht Acute Stress Test) with 29 participants in the experimental and 31 in the control condition. Saliva cortisol samples were taken before and after the experiment and heart rate variability was assessed. CM was positively correlated with impaired subjectively assessed sleep in adulthood. The stress manipulation led to heightened subjective and physiological stress. Although lower cortisol changes after and lower mean heart rate values during the stress induction were found in the CM group, the differences were not statistically significant. There was no observable sleep reactivity on the stress induction. Stress and CM appear to have long‐term effects on subjective sleep. Acute social stress does not directly worsen sleep quality, neither in participants with nor without a history of CM. However, the association underlines the importance of prevention and intervention. When treating sleep impairments, potential CM experiences should be taken into account.
Cure everyone and vaccinate the rest: The patient perspective on future hepatitis B treatment
Authors: Freeland Catherine , Racho Rhea , Kamischke Maureen , Moraras Kate , Wang Evangeline , Cohen Chari 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThose living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) require years, if not decades, of regular monitoring to prevent liver complications from occurring. An estimated 292 million people were living with chronic HBV globally in 2018 with approximately 2.4 million of those residing within the United States (US). This study is one of the first of its kind that aims to explore the treatment preferences for those living with chronic HBV through qualitative interviews. Participant data were collected by in‐depth telephone interviews using a semi‐structured discussion guide. A codebook guided the organization of data, and codes were developed by review of the literature (a priori) and through line‐by‐line reading of a subsample of queries. All data transcripts (N = 19) were independently double coded. Overarching themes identified from the data specific to the treatment modalities and implications of a functional HBV cure included the concern about side effects, treatment modality, frequency, duration, cost‐effectiveness and overall impact on their lives. Qualitative data analysis revealed the significant impact that an HBV functional cure would have on quality of life. Benefits of a cure were described as not having a finite course of treatment, improving overall vitality, and reducing the fear and anxiety associated with lifelong infection and potential development of liver cancer. Many individuals expressed the desire for a cure for HBV, stating it would be life‐changing, and a ‘miracle’. As new therapies are in development, more research should examine in detail the treatment preferences of those living with HBV.
Lubrication in the joints of insects (Arthropoda: Insecta)
Authors: Nadein K. , Gorb S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFemoro‐tibial leg joint, head–prothorax joint (gular area) and occipital region of the head were examined using scanning electron microscopy in insects from the orders Blattodea and Coleoptera. Lubricating substances and corresponding pore openings were found in Argentinean Wood Roach Blaptica dubia and in the beetles from families Carabidae, Hydrophilidae, Silphidae, Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, Tenebrionidae and Curculionidae. Lubricant on the contacting surfaces were found on femoral and tibial counterparts of leg joints of different beetle species and cockroaches, in the gular region of the head in beetles, and in the occipital region of the head of the cockroach. Typical pore opening was on an average 1 µm in diameter (ranging from 0.5 µm to 10.0 µm). The amount of pore openings in a joint varies from a few pores to hundreds. The lubricant is found to be strongly variable in its appearance usually in the form of a single elongated filiform flow, as well as long or short drops, often forming accumulations or spreading over the surface. The supposed function of the lubricant in studied joints is discussed and assumed as friction and wear minimization. The presence of a high amount of the lubricant in leg joints of insects with intense leg locomotion is presumed.
Alethic pluralism, deflationism, and faultless disagreement
Authors: Wright Crispin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOne of the most important “folk” anti‐realist thoughts about certain areas of our thought and discourse—basic taste, for instance, or comedy—is that their lack of objectivity crystallises in the possibility of “faultless disagreements”: situations where one party accepts P, another rejects P, and neither is guilty of any kind of mistake of substance or shortcoming of cognitive process. On close inspection, however, it proves challenging to make coherent sense of this idea, and a majority of theorists have come to reject it as incoherent. There are two significant exceptions in the contemporary literature: relativists often hold it up as something of a coup for their view that it can make straightforward sense of faultless disagreement; and the author of this paper has argued (Wright 2006) that making judicious intuitionistic revisions to classical logic can provide resources that suffice to stabilise the notion. The present paper argues that neither relativism nor intuitionism in fact provides a satisfactory account and indicates how an alethic pluralist framework enables us to do better.
Surgical management of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in Africa: A systematic review of 891 cases
Authors: Bongomin Felix , Olum Ronald , Kwizera Richard , Baluku Joseph Baruch 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is an emerging fungal infectious disease of public health importance. We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting the outcomes of patients with CPA managed surgically in Africa. A search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar and African Journals Online was conducted to identify studies indexed from inception to June 2021 that examined surgical management of CPA in Africa. All articles that presented primary data, including case reports and case series, were included. We excluded review articles. A total of 891 cases (557 males (62.5%), mean age 39.3 years) extracted from 27 eligible studies published between 1976 and 2020 from 11 African countries were included. Morocco (524, 59%) and Senegal (99, 11%) contributed the majority of cases. Active or previous pulmonary tuberculosis was reported in 677 (76.0%) cases. Haemoptysis was reported in 682 (76.5%) cases. Lobectomy (either unilateral or bilateral, n = 493, 55.3%), pneumonectomy (n = 154, 17.3%) and segmentectomy (n = 117, 13.1%) were the most frequently performed surgical procedures. Thirty (4.9%) cases from South Africa received bronchial artery embolisation. Empyema (n = 59, 27.4%), significant haemorrhage (n = 38, 173.7%), incomplete lung expansion (n = 26, 12.1%) and prolonged air leak (n = 24, 11.2%) were the most frequent complications. Overall, 45 (5.1%) patients died. The causes of death included respiratory failure (n = 14), bacterial superinfection/sepsis (n = 10), severe haemorrhage (n = 5), cardiopulmonary arrest (n = 3) and complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 3). The cause of death was either unknown or unspecified in 9 cases. We conclude that surgical treatment had very low mortality rates and maybe considered as first‐line management option in centres with experience and expertise in Africa.
Revisiting florivory: an integrative review and global patterns of a neglected interaction
Authors: Boaventura Maria Gabriela , Villamil Nora , Teixido Alberto L. , Tito Richard , Vasconcelos Heraldo L. , Silveira Fernando A. O. , Cornelissen Tatiana 
Published: August 2021

SummaryFlorivory is an ancient interaction which has rarely been quantified due to a lack of standardized protocols, thus impairing biogeographical and phylogenetic comparisons. We created a global, continuously updated, open‐access database comprising 180 species and 64 families to compare floral damage between tropical and temperate plants, to examine the effects of plant traits on floral damage, and to explore the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of flower–florivore interactions. Flower damage is widespread across angiosperms, but was two‐fold higher in tropical vs temperate species, suggesting stronger fitness impacts in the tropics. Flowers were mostly damaged by chewers, but neither flower color nor symmetry explained differences in florivory. Herbivory and florivory levels were positively correlated within species, even though the richness of the florivore community does not affect florivory levels. We show that florivory impacts plant fitness via multiple pathways and that ignoring this interaction makes it more difficult to obtain a broad understanding of the ecology and evolution of angiosperms. Finally, we propose a standardized protocol for florivory measurements, and identify key research avenues that will help fill persistent knowledge gaps. Florivory is expected to be a central research topic in an epoch characterized by widespread decreases in insect populations that comprise both pollinators and florivores.
Antibodies to human leukocyte antigens and their association with blood product exposures in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac transplantation
Authors: Cruz‐Beltran Susana , Lane Andrea , Seth Shivani , Miller Kati , Moore Reneé H. , Sullivan Harold C. , Fasano Ross M. , Guzzetta Nina A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPrevious blood product exposures may result in the development of antibodies to human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Pediatric heart transplant recipients who have these antibodies experience increased morbidity and mortality after transplantation. In this study, our aims were to confirm the association of previous allogeneic blood product exposures with the formation of anti‐HLA antibodies, determine which blood components pose the greatest risk of developing antibodies, and assess differences in outcomes after transplantation between patients who had anti‐HLA antibodies and those who did not.MethodsThis retrospective investigation included all children who underwent cardiac transplantation at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta from January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2018. Chart reviews were performed to collect pertinent data. Anti‐HLA antibodies were detected by single antigen bead testing. Antibody burden was tabulated using the calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) score immediately prior to transplantation. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine differences based on HLA antibody status and identify associations with outcomes of interest.ResultsOur results show a significant association between pretransplant blood product exposures and HLA antibody status. Children with a pretransplant blood product exposure had 7.98 times the odds of developing an anti‐HLA antibody compared to those without a pretransplant blood product exposure (p = .01). We also found a significant association between a previous red blood cell (RBC) exposure and HLA antibody status (p = .01) which was not found for other blood component exposures. Patients who were HLA antibody positive were more likely to develop a donor‐specific antibody (DSA) after transplantation (p = .04).ConclusionsExposure to previous allogeneic blood products affects the development of anti‐HLA antibodies in children presenting for heart transplantation. Previous RBC exposures resulted in HLA antibody positivity more than other blood component exposures. Importantly, the presence of HLA antibodies was associated with the development of DSAs post‐transplantation. Developing transfusion strategies to reduce allogeneic blood product exposures in children who may need future cardiac transplantation should be a high priority.