bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astrocytic microdomains from mouse cortex gain molecular control over long-term information storage and memory retention
Authors: Vignoli Beatrice , Sansevero Gabriele , Sasi Manju , Rimondini Roberto , Blum Robert , Bonaldo Valerio , Biasini Emiliano , Santi Spartaco , Berardi Nicoletta , Lu Bai , Canossa Marco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMemory consolidation requires astrocytic microdomains for protein recycling; but whether this lays a mechanistic foundation for long-term information storage remains enigmatic. Here we demonstrate that persistent synaptic strengthening invited astrocytic microdomains to convert initially internalized (pro)-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) into active prodomain (BDNFpro) and mature BDNF (mBDNF) for synaptic re-use. While mBDNF activates TrkB, we uncovered a previously unsuspected function for the cleaved BDNFpro, which increases TrkB/SorCS2 receptor complex at post-synaptic sites. Astrocytic BDNFpro release reinforced TrkB phosphorylation to sustain long-term synaptic potentiation and to retain memory in the novel object recognition behavioral test. Thus, the switch from one inactive state to a multi-functional one of the proBDNF provides post-synaptic changes that survive the initial activation. This molecular asset confines local information storage in astrocytic microdomains to selectively support memory circuits.
A first-principles study of two-dimensional NbSe2H/g-ZnO van der Waals heterostructures as a water splitting photocatalyst
Authors: Yeoh K. H. , Chew K.-H. , Yoon T. L. , Chang Y. H. R. , Ong D. S. 
Published: October 2021

We propose 2D NbSe2H/g-ZnO vdW type-II heterostructure as a promising photocatalytic material for water splitting.
A novel prognostic immunoscore based on The Cancer Genome Atlas to predict overall survival in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Tang Zuxiong , Wu Yufan , Sun Ding , Xue Xiaofeng , Qin Lei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly prevalent worldwide. The relationship between the infiltration of immunocytes in CRC and clinical outcome has been investigated in recent years. The present study aims to construct a new prognostic signature using an immunocyte panel. Our novel prognostic immunoscore included 13 types of immunocytes, which were identified by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Cox regression. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan–Meier survival estimates were applied to evaluate the prognostic ability. Compared with the signature based on a single immune marker (i.e., CD8 mRNA expression and CD8+ expressing T cells), the novel prognostic immunoscore possessed better specificity and sensitivity of prognosis (area under the curves (AUCs) are 0.852, 0.856, and 0.774 for 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival times, respectively). Significant differences were identified between the high and low immunoscore groups in overall survival and disease-free survival in training and validation cohorts. Combining the immunoscore with clinical information may provide a more accurate prognosis for CRC. The immunoscore can identify patients with poor outcomes in the high Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) group, who may benefit the most from immunotherapy. The immunoscore was also closely related to two immune checkpoints (i.e., PD-L1 and PD-1, r = 0.3087 and r = 0.3341, respectively). Collectively, our study demonstrates that the novel prognostic immunoscore reported here may be useful in distinguishing different prognoses and may improve the clinical management of patients with CRC.
Evaluation of PhD Students’ and Endodontists’ Treatment Approaches during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Questionnaire-Based Survey
Authors: Olcay Keziban , Yusufoglu Selen I. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate endodontists’ treatment approaches during the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.
Materials and Methods Web-based 16-question survey was sent to members of the Turkish Endodontic Society via social media and email between May 5 to 25, 2020, to obtain information about the members’ demographic characteristics and treatment approaches of seven cases considering COVID-19. The cases represented different endodontic diseases such as symptomatic apical periodontitis, chronic apical periodontitis, acute apical abscess, asymptomatic and symptomatic cases required retreatment, third molar tooth with endodontic symptoms, and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.
Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was performed using a Chi-square test. The statistical significance was set at α = 0.05.
Results Of the 203 respondents, 65.5% were females and 34.5% were males, 62.6% were endodontists and 37.4% were PhD students, 68% worked at a university, 21.2% worked at private clinics, and 10.8% worked at public clinics. Frequency of going to work was mostly once a week (31%). Most commonly performed treatments were “acute apical abscess (32.2%)” and “symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (30.8%).” The respondents most frequently preferred “to prescribe antibiotics and/or painkillers and postpone the treatment” in cases 1 and 6, “to follow-up” in cases 2 and 5, “to extract the tooth” in case 4, and “to start endodontic treatment but postpone the treatment by placing antibacterial medicament into the root canals” in cases 3 and 7 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion During a pandemic, the general treatment approach for endodontic emergencies should be to eliminate acute symptoms and minimize the risk of transmission.
Dorsal Plate Osteosynthesis in Simple and Complex Fractures of the Distal Radius: A Radiological Analysis of 166 Cases
Authors: Ghafoor Haval , Haefeli Mathias , Steiger Regula , Honigmann Philipp 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background To report the radiologic outcome and rate of complications of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using a dorsal plate fixation of simple and complex distal radius fractures in adult patients.
Methods Patients treated with dorsal ORIF of simple and complex distal radius fractures between December 2008 and April 2013 were included in this single-center retrospective study. Type of fracture, radiographic measurements, and complications were documented.
Results One-hundred and sixty-six patients/fractures were included. Restoration of radial inclination (22° ± 3°) was achieved in 38%. Radial height (14 ± 1 mm) was least likely to be restored to normal values postoperative in 25%. Normal ulnar variance (0.7 ± 1.5 mm) could be observed in 60% and adequate volar tilt (11° ± 5°) was achieved in 50% at final follow-up. We observed one loss of reduction in an AO type C2 fracture and a total of 15 nonimplant-related minor clinical complications.
Conclusion Our radiographic findings after dorsal plating are comparable to those published on volar plating. The changes in radial height and volar tilt could be attributed to projection-related differences in the radiographs and did not signify a loss of reduction in all cases.
Clinical Relevance Dorsal plating of distal radius fractures is safe and remains an important approach in the treatment of complex distal radius fractures. Complications in our study were even less compared to those reported in the literature.
Type of Study/Level of Evidence This is a Type IV study.
Level of Experience of Surgeons The level of experience of surgeons is III–V.
Poor Patient-Reported Outcomes following Surgical Treatment of Eaton Grade 1 Osteoarthritis of the Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint
Authors: Jørgensen Rasmus Wejnold , Odgaard Anders , Anderson Kiran Annette , Jensen Claus Hjorth 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis of the thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMC-1 OA) is increasingly common with age. Conservative treatment with anti-inflammatory medication, thumb spica splinting, and steroid injection is recommended for early-stage OA, but some patients will continue to have refractory symptoms and surgery may be considered. We found it interesting to study outcomes of surgical treatment of cases with mild radiographic changes and yet symptoms severe enough to indicate surgery. The specific research question is, if there is a limit of radiographic changes, below which a poor patient-reported outcome (PRO) can be expected.
Purpose In a retrospective cohort of patients with prospectively collected PROs, we intend to study the effect of the radiographic CMC-1 OA severity on the PRO improvement and satisfaction after interposition arthroplasty.
Patients and Methods Radiographs of 347 patients, who had CMC-1 surgery, were retrospectively analyzed. Each rater independently assessed all radiographs classifying each according to the Eaton classification. All patients had surgery with CMC-1 interposition arthroplasty using three well-known techniques that all include a complete trapeziectomy. Comparison between stage 1 and stage 2–4 was done using Chi-square test and t-test.
Results Patients with Eaton stage 1 had a mean improvement in Quick-DASH (Quick-Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire) scores of 14.6 points. Patients with Eaton stage 2 to 4 had a mean improvement of 25.3 points. The difference between these two groups was 10.6 points (p = 0.009). Only 52% of patients with Eaton stage 1 OA were satisfied. However, 76% of patients with Eaton stage 2 to 4 were satisfied (p = 0.008, chi-square between stage 1 and stage 2–4).
Conclusion Patients with Eaton stage 1 CMC-1 OA had poorer PROs, as compared with more advanced stages of OA, 6 months following surgical treatment with interposition arthroplasty. Based on our results, we advise against surgical treatment with interposition arthroplasty of the very mildest CMC-1 OA, regardless of the preoperative PROs.
“Striped” rectangular rigid box with Hermitian and non-Hermitian PT symmetric potentials
Authors: Kulkarni Shailesh , Pathak Rajeev K. 
Published: October 2021

Eigenspectra of a spinless particle inside a rigid rectangular box subject to diverse inner potential distributions are investigated under both Hermitian and non-Hermitian antiunitary PT (composite parity and time-reversal) symmetric regimes. Four “stripes” conjoined widthwise, spanning the box bearing piecewise constant potentials, are studied whose exact energy eigenspectra are obtained employing matrix mechanics. Diverse real-Hermitian and complex non-Hermitian PT symmetric potential compositions are considered separately and in conjunction, unraveling peculiar retention and breakdown scenarios engendered by PT symmetry. Some states exhibit remarkable crossovers of symmetry “making” and “breaking”: a broken PT gets reinstated, while higher levels “collude” to continue with symmetry breaking. Furthermore, a charged particle in a PT symmetric electric field imposed on the striped potential backdrop reveals peculiar symmetry retention and breakdown scenarios. Depictions of prominent probability-density redistributions under the norm conserving unitary regime, as well as non-conserving post-PT-breakdown, are presented.
CO2 activation at Au(110)–water interfaces: An ab initio molecular dynamics study
Authors: Qin Xueping , Vegge Tejs , Hansen Heine Anton 
Published: October 2021

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 into valuable chemicals under mild conditions has become a promising technology for energy storage and conversion in the past few years, receiving much attention from theoretical researchers investigating the reaction mechanisms. However, most of the previous simulations are related to the key intermediates of *COOH and *CO using the computational hydrogen electrode approach under vacuum conditions, and the details of the CO2 activation are usually ignored due to the model simplicity. Here, we study the CO2 activation at the Au–water interfaces by considering the dynamics of an explicit water solvent, where both regular ab initio molecular dynamics and constrained ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to explore the CO2 adsorption/desorption reactions from the atomic level. By introducing K+ cations into Au(110)–water interfacial models, an electrochemical environment under reducing potentials is constructed, where the reaction free energy (0.26 eV) and activation energy (0.61 eV) are obtained for CO2 adsorption based on the thermodynamic integration. Moreover, the Bader charge analysis demonstrates that CO2 adsorption is activated by the first-electron transfer, forming the adsorbed CO2− anion initiating the overall catalytic reaction.
The Concepts of Physics
Authors: Singh Anirudh 
Published: October 2021

The nature of physical theory has evolved over time, and the concept sets used to describe them have changed accordingly. Before the 20th century, the contents of the static, infinite universe could be described adequately by the concepts of particles, forces, waves, and the fundamental constants εo, μo, and G. Several phenomena were then discovered at the atomic scale that needed the development of the completely new conceptual framework of quantum physics. This revolutionary development acknowledged the wave-particle duality and the role of observers in measurement. An explanation of the atomic spectra had to await the discovery of the intrinsic electron spin, which led to a new conceptual revolution when it was pointed out by Pauli that particles could have either integral or half-integral spin, and the statistics of particles at the quantum scale was determined by the nature of these spins.The third revolution in the concepts of physics came with the association of symmetry with the behavior of the fundamental particles of physics. It was realized that the notion of symmetry, in conjunction with the gauge theories of quantum mechanics, could be used to explain the results of high-energy particle collisions as well as the prediction of new particles.
The Energy–Mass Duality and the FEMT Model
Authors: Singh Anirudh 
Published: October 2021

This chapter aims to show how a critical analysis using the older concepts of physics may be able to lend useful insights into some of the currently unanswered questions of the nature of the universe. It uses the Einstein energy–mass relation as the fundamental relation for postulating the conversion of energy to mass. The Fundamental Energy–Mass Transformation (FEMT) model uses pair production in the presence of electromagnetic fields to postulate its first form. This is generalized to a force of a general nature in its second form.
The model is next employed to investigate the possible nature of dark energy. This is achieved by considering the force field in the model to be the gravitational field, and investigating the outcome when a gravitational wave passes through the strong gravitational field of a black hole. The pair of particles that are produced are called mass/anti-mass particles to differentiate them from the pair formed in the electromagnetic case. Investigation of the nature of anti-mass shows that such particles will aggregate into larger massive bodies and repel normal mass.
Biomolecular Sensing in Hybrid Chiral/Hyperbolic Metastructures
Authors: Palermo Giovanna , Strangi Giuseppe 
Published: October 2021

In recent years, the biomolecular recognition of proteins and genetic fragments such as DNA and RNA is attracting a great deal of attention in the development of diagnostic protocols for infectious and tumor diseases. The intrinsic chirality of matter has always represented an interesting challenge in the design of nanomaterials and metastructures capable of controlling the chiral light–chiral matter interaction.
In this chapter, we discuss how optical chirality can be used to enhance the chiral response of biomolecules in the near field through the use of superchiral fields. In addition, the interface between a chiral metasurface and a hyperbolic metamaterial can provide both high specificity and sensitivity for biomolecules characterized by low molecular weight and specific handedness.
Mangrove Species Diversity, Stand Structure, and Zonation — A Case Study at Pahawang Kecil Island
Authors: Nabilah Rizka , Sitanggang Fajar Islam , Rahayu Yeni 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Pesawaran Regency is an administrative area of Lampung Province which has the potential marine tourism with mangrove resources in Pahawang Kecil Island. Pahawang Kecil island is a coastal natural tourist destinations located in Punduh Padada District, Pesawaran Regency. The mangrove ecosystem is a community of mangrove vegetation associated with fauna and microorganisms. There are various components of life in the ecosystem. In addition, the main function of mangroves is to protect stability of the shoreline from sea waves. In fact, the conversion of mangrove ecosystems become a tourist area and fish pond area continues. This impact to the local government and community members to rehabilitation mangroves. However, this prefentive activity to rehabilitation are failed. This failure caused by not according to the mangrove planting area. Planting mangrove is not in the green belt area. Thus, it is necessary to have a preliminary study of landscape typology mangrove vegetation. In accordance with the presidential regulation Number 37 of 2012 which explains that the preservation of mangrove ecosystems is by accommodating deep mangrove ecosystems Regional Spatial Planning and zoning of coastal areas and small islands. The purpose of this study was to identify the condition of mangrove vegetation and create the mapping typology of mangrove vegetation on Pahawang Kecil Island. The research was carried out on vegetation parameters using the combination method of lines and checkered lines with measurement of diameter, height and number of individuals. In addition, measurements of the inundation height of each were carried out in research sites. Pahawang Kecil has the Rhyzophora stylosa species with the highest volume level of mangrove vegetation, namely 3.2538.15 m3 / ha. The location of Pahawang Kecil Island was identified in 10x10 meter dominance species mangrove Rizophora stylosa with a relative density with a value of 94.12%, relative frequency value of 8.47%, and an important value of 105.96%.
A Benchmark Model for Predicting Building Energy and Daylight Performance in The Early Phase of Design Utilizing Parametric Design Exploration
Authors: Khidmat Rendy Perdana , Fukuda Hiroatsu , Kustiani  , Wibowo Andi Prasetiyo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlong with the enormous impact on computational development in architecture and urban design, the way in approaching the built environment is shifting and intended to look closer to performance and evidence-based design. This development holds promise in handling complex computation to approach desired targeted design goals. However, the implementation of form-finding and design performance optimization still lacks, particularly in Japan’s sub-tropical climate. This paper describes the parametric design and design exploration process’s implementation through the generative algorithm platform to develop a benchmark model to predict building energy and daylight performance and find possible design solutions from the iteration process during the early phase of the design process. The variables incorporated related to the glazing ratio, the length of the overhang, and building orientation. Grasshopper, a parametric-based plugin that works in Rhinoceros, is used to arrange a parametric definition for the overall experiment. The tools used to investigate the environmental analysis and energy consumption are Ladybug and Honeybee, and the exploration process will be conducted using Design Explorer. The context will be situated in Orio district and uses the EPW file of Kitakyushu city, Fukuoka, Japan. The results of this research furthermore can potentially be a comparison for more dynamic factors.
Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria’s Selection from Soil Contaminated Engine Oil Waste of South Lampung
Authors: Lisafitri Yuni , Prasetio Bambang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWaste containing hydrocarbon compounds is classified as hazardous and toxic waste. Waste management must be done properly to prevent environmental pollution that ultimately has an impact on environmental damage. Engine oil is one of the hydrocarbon compound products that are widely used by motor vehicles. Waste engine oil from automotive repair shops has not been properly managed because Waste engine oil is often thrown away on the ground around the workshop. This condition has been going on for a long time due to soil contamination by waste engine oil. Thus, most microbes cannot live in polluted soils. Isolation of microorganisms in polluted soils is carried out to obtain bacteria that can grow in hydrocarbon-contaminated soils and have the potential to degrade hydrocarbon compounds. After isolation bacteria from two selected locations (Way Hui and Way Kandis), this research got four bacteria. These four isolates were selected by growing on selective media which added with engine oil with a concentration of 2% for 7 days. selection is done by counting the population of each isolate that lives in the media. Bacteria population was calculated on t1 (day 1), t4 (day 4) and on t7 (day 7). In addition, the selection is also done by calculating TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) at t1 and t7. From these stages, it got one isolate (B7) which showed the highest results in population and three isolates showed the highest TPH decreasing (B1, B6 and B7).
Development of an Internet-of-Things-Based-Container for UAV Payload Transport Application in Disaster’s Location
Authors: Evita Maria , Seno Sensius , Zakiyyatuddin Azka , Kadek Agus Sara Sawita I , Mustikawati Sekar Tanjung , Djamal Mitra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Natural disaster often occurs nowadays all around the world result in environmental damage and broken infrastructure which prevent logistics transportation for the evacuees. Therefore, it has been developed a payload transport UAV based on Internet of Things (IoT) for transportation of goods (foods, clothes and medicines) to the disaster location. The transport system consists of a relatively small (52.5 cm, 52.5 cm and 26.5 cm of length, width and height respectively) container (as the main part of the system) lifted by an UAV using a rope, servo motor and a pulley which are controlled by IoT Platform for user friendly access through a smartphone, tablet, laptop or computer. The system is equipped with automatic door and lock system, ultrasonic sensor system for distance measurement and pulley system with 17 N cm torque servo motor 360° for loading and unloading mechanism. Lolin Node (Microcontroller Unit) MCU v3 using Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol of IoT for WiFi and GSM networks has been used for the system for control and communication application. Hereinafter, the pulley system has been successfully tested to lift until 9.27 kg of load, 50 cm of distance motion with 6.3 cm/s upward velocity and 11.4 cm/s downward velocity.