bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gradient Copolymerization towards High-performance Monocomponent Polymers for Energy and Charge Storages
Authors: Zhu Yuanwei , Lu Wanlong , Qiao Nan , Cui Huize , Hu Zhipeng , Shen Zichao , Yu Jinde , Liu Bo , Zhang Shuwen , Nie Yongjie , Li Guochang , Li Shengtao , Lu Guanghao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Polymers with excellent dielectric and electret capabilities are crucial for energy storage films, organic electronics and environmental filtrations. Nanocomposites is an emerging effective method, but the characteristics of complicated preparation, poor uniformity and high cost restrict its massive and practical applications. Here, we propose a gradient copolymerization strategy with controllable micro-phase interfaces for dielectric capability modulation, and gradient ethylene-styrene copolymer (PESt) exhibits extraordinarily enhanced dielectric, electrical insulating and electret properties against polyethylene and polystyrene. PESt exhibits a dielectric energy density towards 23 J·cm− 3, far exceeding commercially applied polymers and is comparable to nano-composites. By applying PESt as electret layer in organic field-effect transistors, largely enhanced memory window, optimized stability and field-effect mobility over 27 cm2·V− 1·s− 1 are achieved. Finally, PESt electret is employed in environmental filtrations with 20% enhancement in filtration efficiency. The simplicity and processability of gradient copolymerization against nano-composite, further suggest its potential in designing high-performance dielectric/electret polymers.
Comparison of Exercise and Physical activity routine and Health Status among Apparently Healthy Nigerian Adults Before and During COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Ewah Patrick Ayi , Oyeyemi Adetoyeje Y , Oyeyemi Adewale L , Oghumu Saturday N , Awhen Peter Agba , Ogaga Mary , Edet Lucy Inyang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is a pandemic that ravaged the world in manners that were never seen in the recent past and one of the measures to stem the tide-off this ravaging pandemic is a stay-at-home order referred to as lockdown. This study compares the physical activity status and perceived health of Nigerians before and during the lockdown. ResultsSocial media platform users (n = 205) were surveyed using a two-part questionnaire. The 1st part elicited the socio-demographic characteristics of the subject. In the 2nd part, information about their exercise and physical activity, general health, and economic palliatives as offered by the government, non-governmental organizations, and philanthropists were elicited. The frequency of exercise was significantly more (p < 0.05) during the lockdown than before the lockdown. The duration and intensity of the exercise per week were comparable. There was also a negative relationship between the Body Mass Index, frequency, and duration of exercise before and during the lockdown. The subjects also perceived their health as worse during (3.70 ± 1.05) the lockdown than before (3.95 ± 0.97) lockdown (Z = -3.69, p = 0.00). Conclusion: Overall, for these cohorts of social media platform users, lockdown did not adversely affect their exercise routine. It is recommended that there should be specific admonition on exercise as an important Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL). Therefore, while this pandemic lockdown lasts and beyond, the safety measures to follow while partaking in this IADL, should be included in the public health recommendation.
Chemical and Sensory discrimination of coffee: Impacts of the planting altitude and fermentation
Authors: Oliveira Emanuele Catarina da Silva , Luz José Maria Rodrigues da , Castro Marina Gomes , Filgueiras Paulo Roberto , Guarçoni Rogério Carvalho , Castro Eustáquio Vinicius Ribeiro , Silva Marliane de Cássia Soares da , Pereira Lucas Louzada 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Edaphoclimatic conditions, planting altitudes, soil, the microbiome of plants and fruits, genotypes, and postharvest processing are variables that contribute to the chemical and sensory quality of the coffee. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of planting altitude and fermentation of fruits on the chemical and sensory quality of the coffee using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Cherry coffees were harvested in 8 points of altitudes between 826 and 1078.08 meters. A completely randomized design with 8 planting altitudes, 5 fermentation processes, and 5 repetitions was performed. Lipids, trigonelline, citrate, and malate were the compounds that most contribute to the chemical discrimination of coffee in the altitudes below 969 m. While, in the high altitudes (> 1000 m), this discrimination was due to the HMF, quinic acid, caffeine, and formic acid and the global notes of coffee drink were higher than 80 points. In fermented coffee, the LDA of the chemical data indicates the formation of five clusters, showing how the compounds can suffer changes depending on the form of processing used in coffee. The best score was observed in samples of 1078.08 m and dry fermentation and only in 969 m was observed significant difference between spontaneous fermentation and induced fermentation. Thus, coffee sensory scores were dependent on planting and fermentation methods and NMR and LDA techniques proved to be important in chemical and sensory discrimination of coffees.
Assessment of Morphological Mutations and Genetic Components in MMS and EMS Induced Chilli Cultivars, NS 1101 and NS 1701DG
Authors: HASAN NAZARUL , Choudhary Sana , Jahan Mehjabeen , Sharma Nidhi , Naaz Neha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A change in the genetic makeup of a plant is an essential prerequisite for the breeding programs and induce mutagenesis is an important approach to create the variations within crop germplasm. The main objective of this study is to find the mutants in chemically treated M2 chilli plant populations. Since, mutagenesis in chilli plants was induced through EMS and Cd to increase the genetic variability that results in thirteen mutant plants at M2 generation from the genetic background of chilli varieties NS 1101 and NS 1701 DG, respectively. Most of the mutant phenotypes observed felled within qualitative and quantitative characteristics the seven major categories including plant height, leaf shape, leaf color, branch, and flower color, fruits, 1000 seed weight, yield, and root length. The inter-population differences were carried out through analysis of variance of quantitative traits of chemically treated chilli populations. Results reflect increased mean value in quantitative traits that could validate the improvement over the parental lines. Fruit number and seed weight were the main priority traits in the selection of high yield plants and these quantitative traits have a strong association with the yield of the plant. Genetic variability induced by chemical mutagens in chilli can integrate into further chilli breeding programs as new crop germplasm with improved agronomic traits. Mutants selected from 0.2% treated chilli populations can be used to develop an efficient and fast crop variety of chilli with desirable traits. The present study about the genetic variability induced by chemical mutagenesis provides more opportunities to bring diversity in the genetic makeup of chilli plant for improvement of the desirable traits.
Magnitude of self-medication practice and the associated factors among adult household members living in western region, Tanzania
Authors: Manhyabili Mussa S. , Bwire George M. , Maziku Lubinza , Matee Mecky .I. N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Self-medication practice (SMP) is the use of medication without the prescription of health care professionals. The major problems associated with self-medication practice have been drug resistance, drug side effects, wastage of resources, and serious health hazards including death. This study was conducted to assess the magnitude and factors associated with self-medication practice among adult household members in Shinyanga Municipal Council (SMC).Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in SMC, in September and October 2020. A multistage cluster random sampling was used to select study participants. Variables such as socio-demographic factors and reasons for SMP were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Chi square and logistic regression test were used to identify factors associated with SMP. All statistics were done using SPSS version 25.Results: In total 422 adult household members were studied, the magnitude of SMP among adult household members in SMC was 86%. The major symptom of illness that lead to SMP were headache 75(38.9%), fever 71 (37%) and cough 52 (27.1%) while paracetamol 84(43.8%), Ampiclox 30 (15.5%) and artemether lumefantrine 25 (13%) were the commonly used drugs. Perceptions of illness as mild 141(38.8%)and previous experience of self-medication138(38%) were the reasons for SMP. Participants who did not complete secondary education were seven times more likely to practice SMP as compared to those who had university education (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] =7.136, 95%CI=1.447-35.180, P=0.016). Participants with average household income (AHI) (<180,000 TSH=<78USD) were less likely to practice SMP compared to those with AHI (B 180,000Tsh) (aOR = 0.424, 95%CI = 0.214 – 0.840, P = 0.014).Conclusion: The magnitude of SMP in Shinyanga Municipal was found to be high.SMP was significantly associated with level of education and average monthly household income. Strengthening of the community’s awareness on the side effects of SMP including antimicrobial resistance in the study area is recommended.
Illness trajectory of metastatic breast cancer: A qualitative narrative study
Authors: Sajadian Akram 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Breast cancer is accompanied with different psychological consequences. This study investigate to describe the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual characteristics of illness trajectory of metastatic breast cancer (MBC).Method: This is a qualitative study, in which repeated in-depth interviews with 15 MBC patients were conducted. The interview data were transcribed verbatim and analysed as a text, using a qualitative biographic narrative approach.Results: Patient’s narratives about the illness trajectories revealed various physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and spiritual needs at the time of breast cancer diagnosis, and the incidence of metastasis. Positive experiences including personal growth, and negative feelings such as rejection and isolation were reported as patient’s narratives about living with MBC. At the anticipatory phase, the Patient’s narratives were classified into pessimistic and optimistic predictions which were affected by spiritual attitude. Similarly, spiritual as well as religious beliefs were highlighted in psychological reactions and patient’s point of view about death.Conclusions: The MBC trajectory is complicated and each phase of the MBC trajectory includes characteristic tasks and focal points. To move away from the predominant traditional approach towards a more comprehensive and better-targeted service, an increased understanding of the complexities of the MBC trajectory is necessary.
Anticonvulsant Activity, Molecular Modeling and Synthesis of Spirooxindole-4H-Pyran Derivatives using a Novel Reusable Organocatalyst
Authors: Emami Leila , Moezi Leila , Amiri-Zirtol Leila , Pirsalami Fatemeh , Divar Masoumeh , Solhjoo Aida , Khabnadideh Soghra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Fifteen derivatives of spirooxindole-4H-pyran (A1-A15) were subjected to evaluate through intravenous infusion of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced epilepsy mouse models. Four doses of the compounds (20, 40, 60, 80 mg/kg) were tested in comparison to diazepam as positive control. The resulted revealed that compounds A3 and A12 were the most active compounds and indicated significant anticonvulsant activity in the PTZ test. The tested compounds were prepared via a multicomponent reaction using graphene oxide (GO) based on the 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine as a novel heterogeneous organocatalyst. The prepared catalyst (GO-A.P.) was characterized using some diverse microscopic and spectroscopic procedures as well. The results showed high catalytic activity of the catalyst in the synthesis of spirooxindole-4H-pyran derivatives. The GO-A.P. catalyst was reusable at least for 5 times with no significant decrease in its catalytic action. In silico assessment of physico chemical activity of all compounds also were done which represented appropriate properties. Finally, molecular docking study was performed to achieve their binding affinities as γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA‐A) receptor agonists as a plausible mechanism of their anticonvulsant action. Binding free energy values of the compounds represented strongly matched with biological activity.
The Impact of Health Status of Academic Staff on Attitudes towards COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Safi Mohammed , Hemdan Ahmad M. , Opoku Maxwell , Mustafa Ashraf 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The outbreak of COVID-19 has had overwhelming effects on human lives, properties, and access to essential services in the society. Consequently, the manufacturing of vaccine was envisaged a milestone in effort towards ‘normalizing’ the world. With discourses around the efficacy of the vaccines, it is unclear whether having a health condition could influence once decision to accept the vaccine or encourage others to receive the vaccine. This study attempted to contribute towards this debate by assessing the impact of health status on attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine.
Methods
A questionnaire, known as, the Attitude towards COVID-19 Vaccination Scale was developed to collect data from participants at school contexts. A total of 1047 participants completed questionnaire from 22 countries. The data was subjected to a two-way factorial analysis of variances.
Results
The result showed a direct effect of health status of individuals on attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination. It appears that healthier individuals are more willing to accept the vaccine than those who indicated they had minor or chronic health conditions. Also, individuals who were vaccinated appears to be more receptive towards the vaccine than those who were yet to receive the vaccine. Moreover, it emerged that the more the educated individuals have, the more likely they would hold favourable disposition, less hesitant and open to vaccination than those with little or no education.
Conclusions
The results call for more deliberate approach by countries to promote the use of the vaccines especially among those underlying health condition. Other implications of the study are discussed in more detail.
The book herbaria of Jacob Breyne (1637-1697) in the collection of Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden, the Netherlands).
Authors: de Jong Marco , Duistermaat Leni , Stefanaki Anastasia , Andel Tinde van 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Historic herbaria can provide a wealth of information on a diversity of topics, including the past occurrence of plants, their abundance, names and uses. The collection of Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden, the Netherlands, contains two book herbaria by Jacob Breyne (1637–1697) of Danzig. These herbaria, dated 1659 and 1673, contain a total of 105 specimens in various states of intactness, and with or without original labels. The identity of the specimens in the Leiden Breyne herbaria had not been completely assessed. Here we discuss the taxa represented within these two historic herbaria as well as the information contained in the handwritten texts within them. The two Breyne herbaria combined were found to contain 62 species, representing 24 plant families. Both herbaria contain several species now rare around Gdańsk, including two species currently considered regionally extinct (Swertia perennis L. and Dactylorhiza viridis (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase). Labels with the specimens give a range of information on the collecting locations, ecology, abundance and/or use of the species. The Leiden Breyne herbaria reveal changes in the flora of northern Poland over the course of three centuries, as well as pre-Linnaean nomenclature, historic uses of plants and (international) correspondence between scientists.
EGFR inhibition reverses resistance to lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: He Xiaoping , Hikiba Yohko , Suzuki Yoshimasa , Nakamori Yoshinori , Kanemaru Yushi , Sugimori Makoto , Sato Takeshi , Nozaki Akito , Chuma Makoto , Maeda Shin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Lenvatinib is approved as a first-line treatment for unresectable HCC. The therapeutic duration of lenvatinib is limited by resistance, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.
Methods
To establish lenvatinib-resistant cells, Hep3B cells were initially treated with 3 µM lenvatinib. The concentration was gradually increased by 1µM or 0.5µM per week and it reached to 7.5µM 2 months after the initial exposure to lenvatinib. The biological characteristics of these cells were analyzed by ERK activation in the MAPK signaling pathway and a human phospho‐receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) antibody array. Factors possibly related to lenvatinib resistance were analyzed using inhibitors, and cell proliferation was analyzed.
Results
We established lenvatinib-resistant HCC cells (LR cells) by long-term exposure to lenvatinib. Lenvatinib reduced ERK activation in the parent cells, but not in the LR cells. RTK array analysis showed that the activities of EGFR and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R)/insulin receptor (INSR) were significantly increased in LR cells, whereas the activities of other RTKs were unchanged. Erlotinib, a widely used EGFR inhibitor, downregulated ERK activation in LR cells. The proliferation of LR cells will also be affected when lenvatinib is combined with erlotinib to treat LR cells. In contrast, inhibition of IGFR/INSR did not affect ERK activation or cell proliferation. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) ameliorated the enhanced EGFR activation in LR cells.
Conclusions
Lenvatinib resistance was induced by enhanced EGFR activation, possibly via ROS accumulation, in lenvatinib-resistant cells.These findings may enable the development of lenvatinib combination therapies for HCC.
WITHDRAWN: Transcriptional signatures associate with the clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in advanced bladder cancer
Authors: Cheng Wen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, the 5-year survival rate remain poor with platinum-based chemotherapy regimens as the standard of cancer treatment protocol. Recent FDA approval of a programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitor, atezolizumab, in advanced UBC patients is changing the therapeutic landscape. Although the response to anti-PD-L1 is correlated to PD-L1 expression and tumor mutation burden, the molecule determinants of responsiveness or non-responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is largely unknown. A published immunotherapy cohort with whole exome sequencing, RNAseq and clinic outcome data for 29 metastatic urothelial cancer patients was used, paralleled with The Cancer Genome Altas Bladder Cancer cohort for validation. Genomic mutational profiling, mutational signature, a panel genes in antigen presentation and interferon signaling in bladder cancer were delineated with little correlation with durable clinic benefit (DCB) or non-DCB of PD-L1 inhibitor treatment. Whereas, characterized immune-responsive or resistant associated genes showed differentially expressed between DCB group and non-DCB group. Further more, transcriptional signature and transcriptional regulators between DCB and non-DCB were identified from transcripome data. Our exploratory analyses provided multidimension view of complexity of determinants of immune-responsiveness and suggest the influences of transcriptional reprogram in immune checkpoint blockage therapy.
Management of Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens Caused by a Giant Leiomyoma
Authors: Ekkel Elisabeth , Chandran Tara , Qasawa Ryan , Trpkovski Michael , Hans Sachinder 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This case is of a young female with a large uterine leiomyoma causing phlegmasia cerulea dolens with thrombosis of the left common and left external iliac veins. She underwent mechanical thrombectomy to temporize the condition until she could be evaluated by gynecology-oncologist to remove the cause of venous obstruction. Prior to hysterectomy, suprarenal inferior vena cava filter was placed. Less than 12 hours post hysterectomy she developed recurrent thrombosis involving the left common and external iliac veins. She underwent repeat mechanical thrombectomy with wall stent placement in the left common iliac vein with resolution of her symptoms.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Chile (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Rogner Holger , Quirós-Tortós Jairo , Angulo-Paniagua Jam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to energy system modelling, causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Chile, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.