bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Efficiency Laser-Driven Proton Sources Using 3D-Printed Micro-Structure
Authors: Qin Chengyu , Zhang Hui , Li Shun , Wang Nengwen , Li Angxiao , Fan Lulin , Lu Xiaoming , Li Jinfeng , Xu Rongjie , Wang Cheng , Liang Xiaoyan , Leng Yuxin , Shen Baifei , Ji Liangliang , Li Ruxin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We applied 3D-printed microwire-array (MWA) structure to boost the energy conversion efficiency of laser proton acceleration. The advanced nano-printing technique allows precise control on the spacing and geometrical size of 3D structures at 100-500 nm resolution. Under irradiation of high contrast laser pulse (15J, 35fs), the MWA target generates over 1.2×1012 protons (> 1MeV) with cut-off energies extending to 25MeV, corresponding to top-end of 8.7% energy conversion efficiency from femtosecond lasers. When comparing to flat foils the efficiency is enhanced by three times, while the cut-off energy is increased by 30-70% depending on their thicknesses. By precisely controlling the array period via 3D nano-printing, we found the dependence of proton energy/conversion-efficiency on the spacing of the MWA. The experimental trend is well reproduced by hydrodynamic and Particle-In-Cell simulations, which reveal for the first time the modulation of pre-plasma profile induced by laser diffraction within the fine structures. Optimal geometry for laser-proton acceleration is therefore strongly modified. Our work validates the use of 3D-printed micro-structures to produce high efficiency laser-driven particle sources and pointed out the new effect in optimizing the experimental conditions.
Insecticidal and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Leaf/bark Extracts, Fractions, Seed Oil and Isolated Compounds From Triadica Sebifera (L.) Small Against Aphis Craccivora Koch
Authors: Dolma Shudh Kirti , Singh Prithvi Pal , Reddy S. G. Eswara 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major sap-sucking insect pest of leguminous crops and also transmit plant viruses leading to economic yield loss. Insecticidal activities of T. sebifera have not been reported against A. craccivora and other insect pests till date. In this study, residual toxicity of leaf/bark extracts, seed oil, fractions, isolated compounds and its combinations; synergistic activity of leaf/ bark extract with seed oil and its enzyme inhibition activities against A. craccivora was studied. Among extracts, ethanolic bark extract 80% (LC50=5115.98 mg L-1) was more effective against A. craccivora than other extracts. Among fractions, n-hexane fraction of leaf (LC50=425.73 mg L-1) and ethyl acetate fraction of bark (LC50=813.45mg L-1) was more effective. Among compounds, gallic acid was most effective (LC50=1303.68 mg L-1) than shikimic acid and quercetin (LC50=1725.09 and 1855.93 mg L-1, respectively). Seed oil (LC50=850.94 mg L-1) is more superior than extracts/fractions/compounds. All the combinations showed toxicity and synergistic activity. Leaf/bark extracts and seed oil (0.25-2 mg L-1) significantly inhibits the AChE and GST activity in A. craccivora. Based on field bio-efficacy studies, the leaf extract/seed oil or their combinations can be recommended for development of botanical formulation for the control of aphid.
Persisting Hypolipoproteinaemia Following Multiple Wasp Stings
Authors: Quan Zhenglin , Zeng Huanchao , Fang Zhicheng , Yang Xianyi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Severe allergic reactions and life-threatening multiple organ injury or failure are common after severe stings. However, reports on wasp stings complicated with continual hypolipoproteinaemia are scarce in the literature and there is no consensus for its therapeutic management.
Methods

This case is a 49-year-old female patient who developed severe allergic reaction and multiple organ failure after severe wasp stings and complicated with sustained hypolipoproteinaemia. Her clinical characteristics and the change of lipid levels are described. During the hospitalization, we did not perform any intervention for dyslipidemia.
Results

The patient’s blood lipid levels were decreased after numerous wasp stings. In particular, the HDL-C was linear over all five days(nadir, 0.21mmol/L on day 5), and the level gradually recovered to normal till day 17. At the same time, the patient occurs severe inflammatory response and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, especially liver failure. The 3 months follow-up of the patient was remarkable with normal lipid level and she was doing well in normal daily activities.
Conclusion

We highlight the hypolipoproteinaemia that might occur in the patient who after severe wasp stings. This study initially confirmed that there is some correlation between abnormal blood lipid metabolism and the evolution of the condition. Whether dyslipidemia in wasp stings is associated with hemolysis and inflammatory reaction is unclear, and further investigation would be required. As far as we know, this is the first report of persisting hypolipoproteinaemia after wasp stings. The clinical research and prolonged follow-up are yet to be concluded, and large-scale clinical studies need to be performed.
RPNs Levels are Prognostic and Diagnostic Markers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: zheng Wangyang , Zheng Yuling , Bai Xue , Zhou Yongxu , Yu Liang , Ji Daolin , Leng Kaiming , Meng Nanfeng , Wang Hang , Huang ZiYue , Yam Judy Wai Ping , Xu Yi , Cui Yunfu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Ribophorin family (RPNs) are important regulatory subunits of the proteasome. By influencing Ubiquitin-proteasome system activity, RPNs are responsible for almost all processes of physiology and pathology of mammalian cells. Nevertheless, little is known about the role of RPNs in HCC.Methods: In this work, using the online databases Oncomine, UCSC, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, UALCAN, cBioPortal, TIMER2, GeneMANIA,and STRING, we first evaluated the expression, diagnostic, prognostic, genetic alteration, immunity, gene network, and functional enrichment of RPNs in HCC. QPCR and western blot were used to detect RPN6 and RPN9 expressions in HCC tissues and cell lines. Then we performed studies to eveulated their functions in HCC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Results: All RPNs were surprisingly consistently upregulated in HCC tissues. Moreover, RPNs expression pattern is correlated with HCC tumor grade. RPN2, RPN3, RPN6, RPN9, RPN10, RPN11, and RPN12 have robust values in HCC diagnose. Then, survival analysis revealed that high expression of RPN1, RPN2, RPN4, RPN5, RPN6, RPN9, and RPN11were correlated with unfavorable HCC overall survival. Functional enrichment for RPNs, indicated that RPNs have many potential biosynthesis activities expert for UPS functions. Western blot, and qRT-PCR further verified these results in HCC tissues and cell lines. The silencing of RPN6 and RPN9 significantly influenced HCC cells' proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro.Conclusions: RPN families functions as an important oncogene in HCC. RPN6 and RPN9 have the potential to be potential biomarkers and targets for HCC.
The Gratitude Mediates the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Empathy Among Medical Students
Authors: Zhang Ying , Ou Yang , Ren Yanna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: One of the important parts of medical students' competence is empathy, which is believed to significantly influence patient satisfaction, clinical outcomes, and the sense of professional fulfillment. Objective: This study explored the potential mediating effect of gratitude on the relationship between self-esteem, cognitive empathy, and affective empathy, which may provide fundamental data for educational programs aiming to promote cognitive empathy and affective empathy. Design: The paper surveyed a total of 344 medical students with the Self-Esteem Scale, Gratitude Questionnaire-6, and the Chinese version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index Scale. It uses descriptive analysis to determine the levels of self-esteem, gratitude, and empathy, and Pearson’s correlation to analyze correlations between them. It also conducts the pathway analysis with the equipment of structured equation modeling to test the mediating effect of gratitude on the association between self-esteem and empathy. Results: A total of 306 (88.95%) medical students completed the survey. It finds that, first, the levels of self-esteem, gratitude, cognitive empathy, and affective empathy are significantly correlated. Second, self-esteem has a direct, positive effect on cognitive empathy and affective empathy. Third, gratitude has a mediating role between self-esteem, cognitive empathy [b self-esteem - gratitude - cognitive empathy = 0.072, 95% CI = (0.013 to 0.131), p< 0.05], and affective empathy [bself-esteem - gratitude - affective empathy = 0.241, 95% CI = (0.018 to 0.134), p< 0.001]. Conclusion: Based on the role of self-esteem and gratitude in predicting cognitive empathy and affective empathy, this model can be used in the practice of clinical education to promote cognitive empathy and affective empathy in medical students.
Association between triglyceride glucose index and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Hang , Lin Jie , Liu Yi ying , Liu Yao , Wan Qin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) lacks a simple and relatively accurate predictor. Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a simple indicator of insulin resistance, but the association between TyG index and CAS in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is less certain. This study aimed to investigate whether TyG index can predict CAS onset effectively.
Methods

In total, 1476 T2DM patients were included in cross-sectional analysis. TyG index (calculated by ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]) was split into tertiles (Tertile1-Tertile3). The main outcome was CAS prevalence as defined with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) ≥ 1.0 mm or carotid plaque. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between TyG index and CAS in patients with T2DM.
Results

In cross-sectional analysis, a total of 62.3% of T2DM patients had CAS, patients with a higher TyG index had a higher risk of CAS (χ2 = 13.856, P < 0.01). After confounder adjustment, patients with T2DM in the high tertile of TyG index had a greater risk to developing CAS than those in the low tertile (OR = 1.451, 95% CI =1.107-1.902, P = 0.007). Higher TyG index values were also associated with increased odds of CAS in patients with T2DM who were female, who were younger than 65 years old, who suffered from hypertension or obesity.
Conclusion

TyG index was significantly associated with CAS, suggesting that TyG index is a potential predictor for CAS in patients with T2DM.
Monolithic in-plane integration of gate-modulated switchable supercapacitors (ipG‐Cap)
Authors: Bräuniger Yannik , Lochmann Stefanie , Gellrich Christin , Galle Lydia , Grothe Julia , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Monolithic integration of iontronic devices is a key challenge for future miniaturization and system integration, in particular the interconnection of multiple functional elements as required for ion computing. The G-Cap, a novel iontronic element, is a switchable supercapacitor with gating characteristics comparable to transistors in electronic circuits, but switching relies on ionic currents and ion electroadsorption. We report here the first monolithic in-plane G-Cap integration through 3D-inkjet printing of non-toxic nanoporous carbon precursors. The printed G-Cap has a three-electrode architecture integrating a symmetric "working" micro-supercapacitor (W-Cap) and a third "gate" electrode (G-electrode) that reversibly depletes/injects electrolyte ions into the system, effectively controlling the "working" capacitance. The printed precursor structures were directly converted into nanoporous carbon materials with a specific surface area of 544 m2 g−1. The symmetric W‐Cap operates with a proton conducting hydrogel electrolyte based on PVA/H2SO4 and shows a high capacitance (1.3 mF cm−2) that can be switched “on” and “off” by applying a DC bias potential (- 1.0 V) at the G-electrode. This effectively suppresses AC electroadsorption in the nanoporous carbon electrodes of the W-Cap, resulting in a high capacitance drop from an "on" to an "off" state. Printing offers far-reaching freedom of design for varying the device structure achieving superior device performance. The new monolithic structures achieve high rate performance, reversible on-off switching with an off-value as low as 0.5 % surpassing values reported so far. Establishing technologies and device architectures for functional ionic electroadsorption devices is crucial for diverse fields ranging from microelectronics and iontronics to biointerfacing and neuromodulation.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Novel Glycoluryl Carboxylic Acids Conglomerates
Authors: Baranov Vladimir V , Vol’khina Tatyana N , Kravchenko Angelina N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The two novel conglomerats were obtained by crystallization of racemic (S)-2-((3aS,6aR)- and (R)-2-((3aR,6aS)-2,5-dioxohexahydroimidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-1(2H)-yl)-3-methylbutanoic acids (racemate I), (R)-2-(3aR,6aR)- and (S)-2-((3aS,6aS)-4,6-dimethyl-2,5-dioxohexahydroimidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-1(2H)-yl)pentanoic acids (racemate II), which were synthesized by highly diastereoselective condensation of 4,5-dihydroxyimidazolidine-2-ones with racemic ureido acids for the first time. The differences in the molecular geometry of I and II are studied by X-ray diffraction that showed them to crystallize as conglomerates in non-centrosymmetric space groups Pna21 and P212121, respectively.
Quantum information for a solitonic particle with hyperbolic interaction
Authors: Moreira Allan Ranieri Pereira 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, we analyze a particle with position-dependent mass, with solitonic mass distribution in a stationary quantum system, for the particular case of the BenDaniel-Duke ordering, in a hyperbolic barrier potential. The kinetic energy ordering of BenDaniel-Duke guarantees the hermiticity of the Hamiltonian operator. We find the analytical solutions of the Schrödinger equation and their respective quantized energies. In addition, we calculate the Shannon entropy and Fisher information for the solutions in the case of the lowest energy states of the system.
Out of hospital cardiac arrest in Western Sydney - an analysis of outcomes and estimation of future eCPR eligibility
Authors: Chandru Pramod , Mitra Tatum Priyambada , Dhanekula Nitesh Dutt , Dennis Mark , Eslick Adam , Kruit Natalie , Coggins Andrew 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Refractory out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with extremely poor outcomes. However, in selected patients extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) may be an effective rescue therapy, allowing time treat reversible causes. The primary goal was to estimate the potential future caseload of eCPR at historically 'low-volume' extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centres.
Methods
A 3-year observational study of OHCA presenting to the Emergency Department (ED of an urban referral centre without historical protocolised use of eCPR. Demographics and standard Utstein outcomes are reported. Further, an a priori analysis of each case for potential eCPR eligibility was conducted. A current eCPR selection criteria (from the 2-CHEER study) was used to determine eligibly.
Results
In the study window 248 eligible cardiac arrest cases were included in the OHCA registry. 30-day survival was 23.4% (n=58). The mean age of survivors was 55.4 years. 17 (6.8%) cases were deemed true refractory arrests and fulfilled the 2-CHEER eligibility criteria. The majority of these cases presented within “office hours” and no case obtained a return of spontaneous circulation standard advanced life support.
Conclusions
In this contemporary OHCA registry a significant number of refractory cases were deemed potential eCPR candidates reflecting a need for future interdisciplinary work to support delivery of this therapy.
Multi-omics Analyses Revealed Key Factors Involved in Fluorescent Carbon-Dots-Regulated Secondary Metabolism in Tetrastigma Hemsleyanum
Authors: Peng Xin , Xie Zhuomi , Wang Xiuhua , Zhao Yuxiang , Yang Chuyun , Zhang Zhongyi , Li Mingjie , Zheng Jianping , Wang Yuhui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Luminescent nanomaterials (LNMs), especially newly-exploited fluorescent carbon-dots (CDs), have demonstrated promising candidates for sunlight harvesting and enhanced photosynthesis efficiency of crops. However, most of the studies focus on the design and synthesis of LNMs and primary metabolism in biomass acceleration, secondary metabolism that closely associated with the quality ingredients of plants is rarely mentioned. Results: UV-absorptive and water-soluble NIR-CDs were harvested via a facile microwave-assisted carbonization method. The effect and regulatory mechanism of NIR-CDs on the secondary metabolism and bioactive ingredients accumulation in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum were explored. A total of 191 differential secondary metabolites and 6874 differentially expressed genes were identified when the NIR-CDs were adopted for enhancing growth of T. hemsleyanum. The phenolic acids were generally improved, but the flavonoids were more likely to decrease. The pivotal differentially expressed genes were involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, flavonoid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, etc. The gene-metabolite association was constructed and 44 hub genes highly related to quality ingredients accumulation and growth were identified, among which and the top 5 genes of the PPI network might be the key regulators.Conclusion: This research provided key regulatory genes and differentially accumulating quality ingredients under NIR-CDs-treatment, which could provide a theoretical basis for expanding the applications of nanomaterial in industrial crop agriculture.
Trends and Development in Clinical Research of FDA-Approved Drugs Against Interleukin-1β: A Bibliometric Analysis.
Authors: Tan Qi , Yang ZiMo , Chen Wenjuan , Jin Yang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Interleukin(IL)-1β is a promising target for many diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer because it has been found to involve in the development of diseases. Anakinra, Canakinumab and Rilonacept were three Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and used for inhibiting IL-1β. Our study aims to access the trends and development for IL-1β inhibitors using bibliometric analysis.
Methods

All publication records were obtained from databases Web of Science and Pubmed. Publishing characteristics including organization, author, journals and co-authorship, Keywords, co-occurrence network, related journals network were analyzed by VOSviewer 1.6.16 (by Leiden University) and Bibliometric package in R(4.0.5). Graph prism 8 was used to performed descriptive analysis of all data.
Results

274 publications were enrolled in our study. Of the three drugs, anakinra has been extensively studied, with 130 publications related to it between 1997 and 2021. Clinical studies on IL-1β antagonists mainly focused on rheumatoid arthritis. Non-inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer were also found in the related clinical research. The United States published the most articles in clinical research on IL-1β inhibitor and it was the country that participated in the most collaborations.
Conclusion

Targeting IL-1β was still a hot spot for clinical research in inflammatory diseases. As progresses are made in the field, Canakinumab and Rilonocept as two novel inhibitors, will increase in a similar trend to that of Anakinra. The number of studies about the inhibitors targeting IL-1β in inflammatory diseases will emerge more in the future. Cancer therapy might be the trend in the clinical studies of antagonizing IL-1β.
Empathy concerns enhance prosociality and modulate frontal theta oscillatory activity in young adults
Authors: Lavín Claudio , Soto-Icaza Patricia , López Vladimir , Billeke Pablo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Decision making is a process that can be strongly affected by social factors. Profuse evidence has shown how people deviate from traditional rational-choice predictions under different levels of social interactions. The emergence of prosocial decision making, defined as any action that is addressed to benefit another individual even at the expense of personal benefits, has been reported as an important example of such social influence. Furthermore, brain evidence has shown the involvement of structures such the prefrontal cortex, anterior insula and midcingulate cortex during decision settings in which a decision maker interacts with others under physical pain or distress or while being observed by others. Using a slightly modified version of the dictator game, we tested the hypothesis that the inclusion of another person into the decision setting increases prosocial decisions in young adults and that this increase is higher when the other person is associated with others in need. At the brain level, we hypothesized that the increase in prosocial decisions correlates with frontal theta activity as a marker of empathy saliency. The results showed that the inclusion of another person into the decision setting increased prosocial behavior only when this presence was associated with someone in need and that this was associated with an increase in frontocentral theta-oscillatory activity. These results suggest that the presence of someone in need enhances both empathy concerns and norm compliance, raising the participants’ prosocial decision making.
Liposuction in Cancer‐Related Lower Extremity Lymphedema: An Investigative Study For Clinical Applications
Authors: Xin Jianfeng , Sun Yuguang , Xia Song , Chang Kun , Dong Chao , Liu Zhong , Dong Jian , Shen Wenbin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Lymphedema is a progressive, noncurable condition consisting of increases in subcutaneous fat and interstitial fluid in the limbs and fibrosis during later stages. The disease most commonly affects the limbs because of injury to or removal of lymph nodes. The aim of this study was to investigate therapeutic outcomes of liposuction for cancer-related lower extremity lymphedema.Methods: 62 patients with cancer-related lymphedema in unilateral lower extremity were recruited in this study, and all the patients underwent liposuction. The volume of hemorrhage and lipid, the operation time, and the volume changes of the affected extremity were compared by applying t-test, and the subjective feelings of patients were also assessed by applying Chi-square. Results: Total lipid volume is (2539±1253.5) ml, and the hemorrhage volume is (828±311.8) ml during liposuction. For the comparison of objective indexes, (1) Percent volume differences(PVDs) before surgery, in-operation and 3-month follow-up were (5.5±12.2 Vs. 11.6±18.4 Vs. 43.2±23.7, P＜0.05) respectively. (2) Higher lipid volume and liposuction rate for female patients, with a lower volume of hemorrhage. (3) Higher volume of hemorrhage in patients with a history of recurrent erysipelas. (4) Higher lipid volume and liposuction rate(LR), with lower hemorrhage for stage II than stage III patients. Conclusions: Liposuction is an effective therapy for cancer-related lower extremity lymphedema. Gender, stage and recurrent erysipelas history influence the course and effect of liposuction.