bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reforma y contrarreforma electoral en El Salvador, 2010-2011
Authors: Artiga González Álvaro 
Published: February 2021

La noche del 28 de julio de 2010, la Asamblea Legislativa aprobó dos acuerdos de reforma constitucional para exigir la afiliación partidista a quienes pretendan ser candidatos para diputados o para miembros de concejos municipales. Estos acuerdos fueron la respuesta anticipada, gracias a la filtración de información desde la Corte Suprema de Justicia, a la sentencia 61-2009 de la Sala de lo Constitucional, que declaraba inconstitucional varias disposiciones del Código Electoral relacionadas con las candidaturas y la forma de elegir a los diputados. Por varios meses desde que se emitió la referida sentencia, el país ha vivido un inusual enfrentamiento entre, por un lado, cuatro magistrados de la Sala de lo Constitucional, y por otro lado, los diputados, los dirigentes partidistas, el presidente de la República, el fiscal general y otros magistrados de la Corte Suprema de Justicia. Este trabajo recoge parte de dicho enfrentamiento y se hace un análisis de sus principales hitos ocurridos entre julio de 2010 y marzo de 2011. Como tal enfrentamiento supera estos límites temporales, este artículo es solamente la primera parte del análisis global de la reforma y la contrarreforma electoral que define la coyuntura previa de las elecciones de diputados y concejos municipales de 2012.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 66, No. 724, 2011: 73-92.
TÜRK ATASÖZLERİNİN EKONOMİK YORUMLAMASI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: SEYİDOĞLU Halil 
Published: February 2021

Atasözleri toplumların asırlar boyunca yaşadıkları olay,
gelişme ve deneyimlerle bunlara yönelik düşünce, yorum, uyarı ve önerilerden
kaynaklanmıştır. Ait oldukları toplumdaki ortak düşünce, inanç, görüş ve
tutumları belirtirler. Asırlardan süzülerek gelmiş, denenmiş, uyarıcı, yol
gösterici, kural belirleyen, anlam dolu sözlerdir. Ahlâk, eğitim,
dürüstlük, dostluk, başarı, adalet,
sağlık, yoksulluk, zenginlik, vs. gibi toplumsal ilişkilerin hemen hemen her
yönüyle ilgili olabilirler. Bu çalışmada Türk toplumunda ekonomik anlam taşıyan
atasözlerinin analizi amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca bunların içerdikleri anlamların
Yerleşik Ekonomi Bilimi’ndeki hipotez, teori, kural ve ilkeler açısından
değerlendirmesinin yapılması da diğer bir amaçtır. Böylece hem Türk halkının
geçmişten günümüze ekonomik konulardaki düşünce, görüş ve değerlendirmeleri
belirlenmeye çalışılmakta, hem de Neoklâsik Ekonomi prensiplerinin Türk Toplumu
açısından geçerliliği konusunda bir fikir edinilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Moral İktisadı ve Léon Walras
Authors: EREN Ercan 
Published: February 2021

İktisat teorisinin belki de en yanlış bilinen
iktisatçısı Leon Walras’tır. Genel
düşünce, gerçekçi olmayan tam rekabet piyasasıyla genel denge analizini temel
alan soyut, matematiksel iktisadın öncüsü olduğu yönündedir.Walras, Marksist olmayan sosyalist Neoklasik
iktisat geleneğinin de öncülerindendir.
Görüşlerinin kalkış noktası sosyalizmdir ki onun da arkasında moral
iktisadı hakkındaki düşünceleri vardır.

Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak
moral iktisadı kavramı ele alınacak, daha sonra Walras’ın sosyalizmi
incelenerek, düşündüğü sosyalizmi gerçekleştirmede bilime yüklediği rol
değerlendirilecektir.
THE ZIKIR CONCEPT AS A MEDIUM OF QUALITY SOUL
Authors: Zuhri Ahmad , Anwar Husnel , Marzuki Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

<p><em><span lang="EN-US">This paper aims to examine the concept of remembrance as a medium of soul calm to better understand what the true meaning of the word remembrance contained in A</span></em><span class="hiddenspellerror"><em><span lang="EN-US">r-Ra</span></em></span><em><span lang="EN-US">'d Surah verse 28 of the interpretation of A</span></em><span class="hiddenspellerror"><em><span lang="EN-US">l-misbah</span></em></span><em><span lang="EN-US"> is associated with the current modern era marked by the rapid advancement of science and technology and also followed by the advance of human civilization. The advancement of civilization and technology should be able to bring happiness, peace and tranquility of the soul more to humans themselves, but the facts that occur on the contrary, the progress of civilization and the development of science and technology actually impact the multidimensional crisis especially the neglect of the spiritual dimension and the dichotomy between the dimensions of technological progress with the dimension of spirituality, as a result will give birth to an advanced generation in civilization and technology but the spirit and soul are empty of happiness and calmness. This research was conducted by library research, namely library research. The data of this study were obtained based on a review of books relating to the concept of remembrance as a medium of soul calm in the books of the </span></em><span class="hiddenspellerror"><em><span lang="EN-US">scholar</span></em></span><em><span lang="EN-US"> of interpretation especially the interpretation of </span></em><span class="hiddenspellerror"><em><span lang="EN-US">al-misbah</span></em></span><em><span lang="EN-US"> by </span></em><span class="hiddenspellerror"><em><span lang="EN-US">Quraish</span></em></span><em><span lang="EN-US"> </span></em><span class="hiddenspellerror"><em><span lang="EN-US">Shihab</span></em></span><em><span lang="EN-US"> as the main source, this study uses management techniques and so on collecting data and making data special conclusion.</span></em></p><p><em><span lang="EN-US">The results of the study of the concept of remembrance as a medium for soul calm in </span></em><span class="hiddenspellerror"><em><span lang="EN-US">ar-ra</span></em></span><em><span lang="EN-US"> </span></em><span class="hiddenspellerror"><em><span lang="EN-US">sura</span></em></span><em><span lang="EN-US"> verse 28 in the interpretation of </span></em><span class="hiddenspellerror"><em><span lang="EN-US">al-Misbah</span></em></span><em><span lang="EN-US"> describes how and what media of </span></em><span class="hiddenspellerror"><em><span lang="EN-US">dhikzr</span></em></span><em><span lang="EN-US"> are used to foster a sense of calmness and happiness of the soul.</span></em></p><p><strong><span lang="EN-US">Keywords</span></strong><span lang="EN-US">: <em>remembrance, soul, calm.</em></span></p>
PENGARUH WILAYATUL HISBAH TERHADAP PELANGGARAN AQIDAH DI KABUPATEN ACEH TAMIANG
Authors: Nasution Hasnah , Ekowati Endang , Pangesti Wisda 
Published: February 2021

<p><em>This study aims to determine how the influence of the existence of Wilayatul Hisbah on the good an bad behavior of the community in Aceh Tamiang district. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, namely by parsing, explaining, and describing the close problems in the study. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews involving Wilayatul Hisbah, the community, border preachers and several members of the village mosque youth and documentation. Data analysis techniques in this study were qualitative data analysis techniques using adjusted effectiveness indicators and the analized through data collection, reduction, presentation, and data collection stages. This research was conducted at the Wilayatul Hisbah office Aceh Tamiang Regency and the community. Since the implementation of Islamic law in Aceh province, the community must be more careful abaout committing violations that have been determined by the government in Aceh Tamiang district. One of the qanuns is qanun number 11 of 2002 concerning aqidah, worship, syi’ar Islam. Wilayatul Hisbah himself had a very important task as a major role in implementing the qanun. As we all know, every time there is a rule there is always someone who commits a violation, but at least with the existence of strict rules andsanctions the offender will be ashamed to commit the same violation.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords :</em></strong><em> Influence, Wilayatul Hisbah, Violations of Aqidah.</em></p>
Sintaxe do espaço
Authors: Hillier Bill , Leaman Adrian , Stansall Paul , Bedford Michael 
Published: February 2021

O artigo aborda as questões como e por que diferentes sociedades produzem distintas ordens espaciais por meio de edificações e padrões de assentamento urbano. É formado por três partes. A primeira, em nível metateórico, sugere que a organização espacial deve ser observada como membro de uma família de “linguagens mórficas”, que, apesar de distinta das linguagens natural e matemática, toma de empréstimo suas propriedades. Linguagem mórficas são usadas, em geral, para constituir, no lugar de representar o social por meio da sua sintaxe (que é a produção sistemática de padrão). Em segundo lugar, é proposta uma teoria geral sintática da organização do espaço. Argumenta-se que a os padrões espaciais de edifícios complexos assentamentos urbanos são de oito tipos, que são interrelacionados estruturalmente. Finalmente, a teoria sintática é utilizado para integrar uma série de proposições gerais recentes feitas em antropologia sobre organização do espaço humano.
Construções Normativas e Morfologia Urbana nas paisagens público-privadas: o Cais Mauá em Porto Alegre e o Porto Maravilha no Rio de Janeiro.
Authors: Aguiar Marlise Sanchotene de , Custódio Jacqueline 
Published: February 2021

A análise morfológica de intervenções urbanas que estão ocorrendo em algumas metrópoles brasileiras reforça os sinais da crise urbana agravada principalmente pela maneira como se deu o Planejamento Urbano no Brasil durante as últimas décadas. Desde o caso Barcelona, as experiências de operações urbanas motivadas pela realização de megaeventos nas áreas centrais de grandes cidades têm se traduzido em padrões morfológicos, se considerarmos a transformação desses espaços e suas novas ocupações. Tais padrões devem-se não somente por contemplar os mesmos usos, mas também, em grande parte, pela forma como os instrumentos jurídicos são apropriados e a consequente alteração dos índices urbanísticos, que têm o papel de atrair olhares para essas áreas. Como resultado, prenunciamos a profunda transformação da paisagem dessas frentes d’água. A principal questão versa sobre como estão se configurando as paisagens propostas por essas operações no que se refere ao plano inicial elaborado pelos atores envolvidos, incluindo investidores financeiros, administração pública e população. Os casos referência tratam-se de espaços emblemáticos no contexto histórico brasileiro que estão sendo alvos de intervenções motivadas pela recepção de megaeventos e são o Projeto Porto Maravilha (Rio de Janeiro) e o Complexo Cais Mauá (Porto Alegre). O primeiro está em fase de implementação desde o ano de 2009, e o segundo busca realizar desde 2010 um Plano de Negócios para a sua zona portuária, que tem como objetivo reutilizar e rentabilizar essas áreas. Dentre os instrumentos jurídicos utilizados, nos deteremos na Operação Urbana Consorciada, utilizada pelo município carioca, e nos programas municipais de Parcerias Público-privadas (Lei nº 9.875/05, em Porto Alegre, e a Lei Complementar nº 105/09, do Rio de Janeiro). Essa discussão mostra-se importante ferramenta, na medida em que traça paralelos entre os casos referência, propiciando uma reflexão sobre os elementos que efetivamente são considerados na transformação de espaços urbanos emblemáticos.
Diagrama?tica, em vogais e consoantes consonantes e dissonantes
Authors: Amorim Luiz Manuel do Eirado 
Published: February 2021

A sessão Recensão foi dedicada ao Prêmio ANPARQ 2106 na categoria melhor Tese. Para Luiz Amorim, autor da resenha, a investigação doutoral de Gabriela Izar, intitulada Diagramática: descrição e criação das formas na arquitetura seriada de Peter Eisenman constitui peça teórica exemplar sobre a obra do arquiteto Peter Eisenman, em particular sobre o papel do diagrama no seu projeto teórico. O trabalho de investigação esta solidamente baseado em rico acervo documental pertencente ao The Canadian Centre for Architecture e ao The Getty Research Institute, em Los Angeles, Califórnia.
How modelling paradigms affect simulated future land use change
Authors: Brown Calum , Holman Ian , Rounsevell Mark 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Land use models operating at regional to global scales are almost exclusively based on the single paradigm of economic optimisation. Models based on different paradigms are known to produce very different results, but these are not always equivalent or attributable to particular assumptions. In this study, we compare two pan-European integrated land use models that utilise the same climatic and socio-economic scenarios but which adopt fundamentally different modelling paradigms. One of these is a constrained optimising economic-equilibrium model, and the other is a stochastic agent-based model. We run both models for a range of scenario combinations and compare their projections of spatially aggregate and disaggregate land use changes and ecosystem service supply levels in food, forest and associated environmental systems. We find that the models produce very different results in some scenarios, with simulated food
production varying by up to half of total demand and the extent of intensive agriculture varying by up to 25 % of the EU land area. The
agent-based model projects more multifunctional and heterogeneous landscapes in most scenarios, providing a wider range of ecosystem services at landscape scales, as agents make individual, time-dependent decisions that reflect economic and non-economic motivations. This tendency also results in food shortages under certain scenario conditions. The optimisation model, in contrast, maintains food supply through intensification of agricultural production in the most profitable areas, sometimes at the expense of land abandonment in large parts of Europe. We relate the principal differences observed to underlying model assumptions and hypothesise that optimisation may be appropriate in scenarios that allow for coherent political and economic control of land systems, but not in scenarios in which economic and other scenario conditions prevent the changes in prices and responses required to approach economic equilibrium. In these circumstances, agent-based modelling allows explicit consideration of behavioural processes, but in doing so it provides a highly flexible account of land system development that is harder to link to underlying assumptions. We suggest that structured comparisons of parallel and transparent but paradigmatically distinct models are an important method for better understanding the potential scope and uncertainties of future land use change, particularly given the substantive differences that currently exist in the outcomes of such models.
Milton in Science Fiction and Fantasy
Authors: Calloway Sueda Katherine 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
This article traces Milton's considerable influence on the contemporary genres of science fiction and fantasy. Works that make no direct reference to Milton or Paradise Lost still unfold within a fictive world he gave to English literature, and in Paradise Lost Milton posed big questions about human nature, God, and good and evil in ways that are still seen in these genres today. After tracing how Milton renovated the fictional cosmos, this article explores works of science fiction and fantasy that take up the philosophical and theological questions posed by Paradise Lost, focusing in particular on Terry Pratchett and Neil Gaiman's 1990 novel, Good Omens.
Music and Images in New Babylon between Literature and Visual Arts
Authors: Seminara Graziella 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article discusses New Babylon (Novyi Vavilon), a silent film in eight parts by Grigory Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg with music by Dmitri Shostakovich, produced in 1929 by Sovkino, the state film studio of the USSR. It reconstructs the genesis of New Babylon in the context of the artistic avant-garde of the Soviet Union in the 1920s and engages with the recent debate on the different versions of the film, siding with those who believe that the “official” version of New Babylon was the result of a conscious re-editing of the movie.
To support this position, the author proposes a structural and aesthetic analysis of New Babylon that focuses on the literary and visual sources of the film and their relationship to sound. Shostakovich found compositional solutions that matched the choices of the directors perfectly, both in terms of musical quotes (corresponding to figurative references) and techniques. On the one hand, the composer employed strategies and topoi of the European musical tradition (such as the so-called figure of death), and on the other hand, he applied to his music the humour and grotesque style typical of literary works by the likes of Dostoevsky, Chekhov, and Gogol. The influence of Russian formalism on the filmic and musical language of New Babylon is also considered in some depth, especially in light of the formalistic concept of “estrangement.” The film is then compared with Eisenstein’s Battleship Potemkin, which helps to explain the original interplay between the arduous musical language and the complex configuration of the images. Finally, the formalistic approach of the authors of New Babylon—Kozinčev, Trauberg, and Shostakovich—is further analyzed by examining two sequences that exemplify the metatextual conception of the film, intended as a “symbolic form” that both generates processes of referring and requires an exegetical commitment.
Music, Form, and Crooked Time in Felix van Groeningen’s The Broken Circle Breakdown (2012)
Authors: Nachtergaele Shanti 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article explores the connections between musical and narrative crookedness in The Broken Circle Breakdown (2012). I propose a definition of narrative tactus to account for the increasingly disruptive impact of the film’s nonlinear structure and consider how the soundtrack both accentuates and counteracts the resulting sense of disjunction.
Trigger warning: This article discusses the suicide of one of the film’s protagonists.
Spinal cord stimulation in the management of neuropathic pain in cancer patients: case report
Authors: Quintero-Carreño Valeria , Margarita-Molina Bilena , Rodríguez-Martínez Carlos Hernán 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Neuropathic pain is present in up to 40 % of all cancer patients. A considerable number of patients fail to achieve enough pain relief with conventional treatment, which is why therapeutic alternatives such as spinal cord stimulation should be considered.
Case description and results: This is the case of a female patient with chronic neuropathic pain secondary to a partial femoral nerve injury sustained during resection and lymph node dissection surgery with curative intent for a large stage II cell squamous cell carcinoma T2N0M0, localized in the right popliteal fossa. The patient presented with difficult to manage chronic neuropathic pain, despite receiving multiple oral analgesics and nerve blocks. A medullary neurostimulator was implanted that relieved the patient’s pain intensity in up to 80%, in addition to improved function and quality of life.
Conclusions: spinal cord stimulation is considered an effective neuromodulatory intervention which has shown satisfactory results in the treatment of various types of refractory chronic pain in cancer patients, including neuropathic pain.
Enfrentamento da COVID-19 e as possibilidades para promover a saúde: diálogos com professores
Authors: Souza Jeane Barros , Heidemann Ivonete Teresinha Schülter Buss , Bitencourt Julia Valeria Oliveira Vargas , Aguiar Denise Consuelo Moser , Vendruscolo Carine , Vitalle Maria Sylvia Souza 
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: compreender a vivência do enfrentamento da COVID-19 e as possibilidades para promover a saúde, na percepção dos professores do ensino fundamental. Método: estudo qualitativo, tipo ação participante, tendo como guia metodológico o Itinerário de Pesquisa de Paulo Freire, que integra três etapas: Investigação Temática; Codificação e Descodificação; Desvelamento Crítico. Participaram do Círculo de Cultura 14 professoras do ensino fundamental, atuantes em escolas particulares e públicas de diferentes estados brasileiros. Resultados: dialogaram sobre dois temas geradores: 1) Desafios no enfrentamento da COVID-19; 2) Possibilidades para promover saúde em tempos de COVID-19. Conclusão: a situação pandêmica repercutiu na necessidade de os professores trabalharem em casa, gerando intenso trabalho, estresse, ansiedade, medos, preocupações, insegurança, saudades da escola e dos estudantes. Para promover saúde, as professoras buscam apoio da família, organizando tempo para cuidar de si e aliviar a ansiedade por meio de leitura de livros, filmes e prática de exercícios físicos.
Knee replacement outcome predicted by physiotherapists: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Henriksen Marius , Mukriyani Hiwa , Juhl Carsten 
Published: February 2021

Background
Knee arthroplasty (KA) is commonly used for osteoarthritis of the knee joint and it is a highly successful procedure. Still, KA leaves 20% of patients dissatisfied with their outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine if a prognosis made by physiotherapists at the orthopaedic wards during the first post-operative days could predict the 6- and 12-months outcome of KA.

Methods
Physiotherapists at two orthopaedic wards in Denmark were asked to predict the 6- and 12-months outcome of the KA patients they have treated post-operatively on a 0–10 scale (10 representing the best prognosis). At 6 and 12 months post-operatively the patients answered the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), EuroQol 5D-3L and Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the prediction of PASS and treatment success. We assessed predictive performance by examining measures of calibration and discrimination.

Results
A total of 361 patients were included. The models for PASS and Treatment Success showed poor to acceptable discriminative values (OR between 1.47 and 1.92 and areas under the curves of 0.62–0.73), however the calibration plots indicated significant uncertainties in the prediction.

Conclusion
Physiotherapists prognoses of recovery after KA are associated with 6- and 12-months patient reported outcomes and satisfaction but have weak predictive value. This study suggests that physiotherapists’ prognoses may be useful as an additional source of information when identifying patients in need of additional post-operative care.