bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Pathophysiology of the Retina and Choroid in Parkinson's Disease by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Kamata Yasuaki , Hara Naoto , Satou Tsukasa , Niida Takahiro , Mukuno Kazuo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
PurposeThe pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is suspected to affect the retina and choroid. We investigated changes in the retina and choroid of patients with PD using optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsWe examined 14 patients with PD and 22 patients without PD. Patients without PD had no ophthalmic pathology other than cataracts and neurodegenerative disorders. The retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer, and choroidal thickness were compared between both groups. Additionally, the choroidal image was divided into the choroid area, luminal area, and interstitial area using the binarization method, and the area of each region and the percentage of luminal area in the choroid area was analyzed. ResultsPatients with PD had a significantly thinner ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer compared to those without PD. The choroid area, luminal area, and interstitial area were significantly decreased in patients with PD compared to those without PD. Seven patients with PD who were successfully followed-up for 3 years showed decreased retinal nerve fiber layer and interstitial area after 3 years.ConclusionAutonomic nervous disorders and neurodegeneration in PD can cause thinning of the retina and choroid, as well as a reduction of the choroid area.
Phytate Exudation by the Roots of Pteris Vittata Can Dissolve Colloidal Fepo4
Authors: khan Sangar , Milham Paul J. , Eltohamy Kamel Mohamed , Jin Yingbing , Wang Ziwan , Liang Xinqiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is limiting nutrient in soil system. The P availability in soil strongly depend on Iron (Fe) speciation. Colloidal iron phosphate (FePO4coll) is an important phosphorus (P) fraction in soil solution that carry P from soil to water bodies. This study tested the hypothesis that phytate exudation by Pteris vittata (P. vittata) can dissolve FePO4coll that leads to release of P and Fe. The phytate exudation in P. vittata increased from 434−2136 mg kg−1 as the FePO4coll concentration increased from 0−300 mM. The total P in P. vittata tissue increased from 2.88 to 8.28 g kg−1, the trichloroacetic acid P fractions (TCA fractions) were: inorganic P (0.86–5.10 mg g−1), soluble organic P (0.25–0.87 mg g−1), and insoluble organic P (0.16–2.03 mg g−1) which leads to higher biomass as FePO4coll increased from 0−300 mM. The linear regression analysis showed that FePO4 solubilizing activity has a positive correlation with TP, TCA P fractions in P. vittata, TP in growth media, and root exudates. This study shows that phytate exudation dissolved the FePO4coll due to the chelation effect of phytic acid on Fe, and due to the high Fe–P solubilizing activity in root exudates of P. vittata.
Sustainable Groundwater Management in A Two-Cell Aquifer Model
Authors: Augeraud Emmanuelle , Pereau Jean Christophe 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The design of optimal water policies between farmers, municipalities and groundwaterdependent ecosystem is analysed in a hydro-economic model with physical interactions between a confined aquifer and a shallow aquifer having a natural drainage. Based on the Pecos Basin case study, we analyse the optimal trajectories of the water tables and the water allocation between users and environment flows for the ecosystems. We also explore the consequences for the water manager to use a one-cell model instead of the two-cell model. Our results show the importance to consider hydraulic conductivities for the preservation of groundwater-dependent ecosystems.
Method of Extracting Fetal QRS for Single-Lead Abdominal ECG Signal Based On Combined Compressive Sensing and Clustering Analysis
Authors: Dong Yapeng , Ju Wenbo , Hu Jiancheng , Hu Lijuan , Ding Dayu , Yang Bo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: The fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) is an objective index that reflects a fetus’s health status. Non-invasive abdominal ECG (aECG) was obtained by placing silicone electrodes on pregnant women’s abdominal wall. However, fetal QRS (fQRS) extraction is very challenging due to maternal ECG interference, motion artifacts, and other noise. Approach: This paper introduces a new single-lead non-invasive fQRS extraction method based on compressive sensing and clustering analysis. This method can be applied to portable, low-power remote fetal ECG (fECG) acquisition equipment based on the Internet of Things (IoT). It is mainly divided into the following steps: (1) optimal component extraction of single-channel signal based on compressive sensing theory; (2) location of maternal QRS (mQRS) using the clustering method based on extreme value; (3) maternal ECG (mECG) elimination; (4) The preliminary location of fQRS based on double clustering and the correction of fQRS based on fetal RR interval. Main results: The new algorithm proposed in this paper is verified on two publicly available data sets. The averages of these indicators are Se=98.53%, PPV=98.28%, ACC=96.95%, F1=98.43% for the Silesia datasets and Se=97.59%, PPV=97.63%, ACC=95.44%, F1=97.62% for the Challenge datasets A. Significance: The results show that it is feasible and reliable to locate fQRS from a single-channel aECG signal under the condition of reducing power consumption. It lays a foundation for implementing the low-power wireless transmission of fECG signal and remote fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring based on the IoT.
Predictive Value of Matrix Metalloprotease 9 On Surgical Outcomes After Pericardiectomy
Authors: Fang Likui , Yu Wenfeng , Yu Guocan , Ye Bo , Chen Gang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The effects of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) expressions on the patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing pericardiectomy remain unclear. This study explored the associations of MMPs and TIMPs expressions with postoperative outcomes in these patients.
Methods
Pericardial specimens were obtained during pericardiectomy from the patients with constrictive pericarditis. The levels of MMP1, MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP1 in pericardium were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups according to the optimal cutoff value of gene expression predicting postoperative complications. Postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the degree of contribution of gene expression on postoperative outcomes.
Results
A total of 22 patients and their pericardial specimens were included. The level of MMP9 was significantly associated with postoperative complications and the optimal cutoff value predicting postoperative complications was 3.67. The patients with low level of MMP9 (< 3.67) had lower incidence of postoperative complications (P = 0.002), shorter postoperative intensive care unit (P = 0.040) and hospital stay (P = 0.043) in comparison to those with high level of MMP9 (≥ 3.67). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that high level of MMP9 increased risk of postoperative complications (OR, 27.096, 95%CI 1.166-629.886, P = 0.040).
Conclusions
High level of MMP9 in the pericardium was associated with poor postoperative outcomes and was the independent risk factor of postoperative complications. The level of MMP9 could be used as a potential marker for prediction of surgical outcomes.
The Distinct Disrupted Plasticity in Structural and Functional Network in Mild Stroke With Basal Ganglia Region Infarcts
Authors: Zhu Hua , Zuo Lijun , Zhu Wanlin , Jing Jing , Zhang Zhe , Ding Lingling , Wang Fengjuan , Jian Cheng , Wang Yongjun , Li Zixiao , Liu Tao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTo characterize brain structural and functional networks in post-stroke patients with or without cognitive impairment. MethodsGraph theory analysis was applied to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data from 23 post-stroke patients with cognitive impairment (PSCI), 17 post-stroke patients without cognitive impairment (NPSCI), and 29 healthy controls (HC). Structural and functional connectivity between 90 cortical and subcortical brain regions was estimated and thresholded to construct a set of undirected graphs. Network-based statistics (NBS) was used to characterize altered connectivity patterns among the three groups. ResultsCompared to HC, the PSCI group demonstrated substantial reductions in all three types of connections - rich club, feeder, and local - in structural and functional networks. Specifically, in structural network analysis, reduced connections were observed within basal ganglia and basal ganglia-frontal networks, whereas in the functional network analysis, reduced connections were observed in fronto-parietal network (FPN) and cingulo-opercular networks (CON). Meanwhile, compared to HC, the NPSCI group demonstrated reductions in both feeder and local connections only within occipital area and occipital-temporal structural networks. ConclusionsThe findings of reduced structural connectivity in regions stemming from a basal ganglia core and reduced functional connectivity in FPN and CON may indicate a bottom-up cognitive impairment induced by stroke. Graph analysis and connectomics may aid clinical diagnosis and serve as potential imaging biomarkers for post-stroke patients with cognitive impairment.
Gene Expression Profile of HCAEC Cells Exposed to Serum From Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Role of MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Rangel-López Angélica , Pérez-González Oscar , Juárez-Méndez Sergio , López-Romero Ricardo , Mata-Rocha Minerva , López-Sánchez Dulce María , Villegas-Ruiz Vanesa , Méndez-Tenorio Alfonso , Mejía-Aranguré Juan Manuel , Orihuela-Rodríguez Oscar , Álvarez-Aguilar Cleto , Majluf-Cruz Abraham , Amato-Martínez Dante , Paniagua-Sierra Ramón 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have an elevated risk of cardiovascular (CV) complications including acute myocardial infarction (AMI); endothelial dysfunction and accumulation of uremic toxins have been associated with such CV-events. To explore which molecular pathways are involved in this CV-complication and the effects of the uremic serum on gene expression, an endothelial dysfunction model was studied through microarrays and pathway analysis. mRNA was isolated of human coronary arterial endothelial cells (HCAEC) primary cultures supplemented with 20% uremic serum from two groups of patients, USI: ESRD-patients; UCI: ESRD-AMI-patients. Affymetrix GeneChip® microarray and the LIMMA-package (Linear Models for Microarray Data) of the Bioconductor sofware17 was implemented to identify relevant DEGs between the two groups of uremic patients. Protein-protein interaction networks and pathway analysis were made to analyze the interaction and expression tendency of differentially expressed genes. 100 differentially expressed genes were identified from two data sets triggered by uremic state using bioinformatics, from 16,607. After in a new cohort, 30 genes were overexpressed in UCI group, which we identified 500 ontological genetic terms and one KEGG-pathway with p < 0.05. The metabolic pathway significantly represented was the MAPK signaling pathway. Network analysis showed six genes (PTGS2, SELE, ICAM1, HMOX1, EGR1, and TLR2) that represent potential markers for ESRD with AMI, as an approximation to their underlying mechanisms. The results obtained suggest that uremic toxins in patients with ESRD can alter HCAEC and modify the gene expression profile, which could have an impact on the development of cardiovascular complications in these patients.
Does Renewable Energy Use Enhance Exchange Rate Appreciation and Stable Rate of Inflation?
Authors: Deka Abraham , Cavusoglu Behiye , Dube Sindiso 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The current study is aimed at investigating the causal link among the use of renewable energy, rate of currency exchange and the rate of inflation of Brazil with the ARDL model. The findings of the ECM show that in the long-run a bidirectional causal association between exchange rate and renewable energy of Brazil exists. This shows that the rate of currency exchange causes use of renewable energy, and the use of renewable energy causes the rate of currency exchange in Brazil. Inflation rate also causes renewable energy and exchange rate of Brazil in the long-run. The rate of adjustment to equilibrium is also very low, below 50%, indicating that it will take long to adjust to long-run equilibrium. In the short-run, we ascertain that renewable energy use in Brazil has a significant negative effect on the rate of currency exchange, showing that a rise in the use of renewable energy in Brazil significantly cause the exchange rate to appreciate. Thus, on top of lowering carbon-dioxide emissions and global warming effects, renewable energy use in Brazil significantly improves the currency’s value. Therefore, the use of renewable energy should be promoted and nations should shift to using renewable energy. This move will also encourage zero carbon in the future.
Association Between Ambient Air Pollution And Daily Hospital Visits For Cardiovascular Diseases In Wuhan, China: A Time-Series Analysis Based On Medical Insurance Data.
Authors: Meng Yongna , Liu Zhihui , Hao Jiayuan , Tao Fengxi , Zhang Huihui , Liu Yuehua , Liu Suyang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Although a large number of studies have proved the adverse effects of exposure to air pollution on cardiovascular disease, few studies have done such research focusing on the medically insured population, a group of relatively healthier people representing the working population. We used generalized additive model (GAM) to estimate the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on CVDs in Wuhan, China. We extracted daily air pollution data, meteorological data, and daily hospital visits for CVDs (including hypertension, coronary heart disease [CHD], and heart disease [HD]) from November 1st, 2013 to October 31st, 2018. For each increase of 10 μg/m3 in SO2, NO2, PM10, and PM2.5, the relative risks (RRs) of daily hospital visits for hypertension increased by 3.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8%, 5.9%), 2.5% (95% CI: 1.9%, 3.2%), 0.5% (95% CI: 0.2%, 0.7%), and 0.7% (95% CI: 0.3%, 1.1%) at lag 0, respectively; For CHD, the RRs increased by 3.6% (95% CI: 1.8%, 5.5%), 2.6% (95% CI: 1.9%, 3.4%), 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1%, 0.7%), and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.1%, 0.9%) at lag 0, respectively; For HD, the RRs increased by 3.6% (95%CI: 1.4%, 5.8%), 2.1% (95%CI: 1.4%, 2.7%), 0.3% (95%CI: 0.1%, 0.6%), and 0.4% (95%CI: 0, 0.8%) at lag 0, respectively. We found that the influence of air pollution on daily hospital visits for CVDs is greater in the cold season than in the warm season. The results indicate that NO2 and SO2 may be potential confounders for co-pollutants in the multi-pollutant model. In conclusion, air pollutants including SO2, NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 may be associated with the risk of hypertension, CHD, and HD. Our findings not only can be used as reference for studying the financing and the allocation of medical resources in the future, but also served as a piece of evidence that supports the policymaking on air pollution and CVDs.
Evaluation of the Correlation Between Depression and Physical Activity Among Elderly Patients with Osteoporosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shi Linjun , Deng Xuexue , Zhou Xiaoping , Liu Wenjing , Gao Yueshan , Fang Ronghua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Depression and osteoporosis are two chronic diseases that affect many people and have a significant impact on incidence, mortality, and quality of life. An association between osteoporosis and depression has been described in the literature. However, few studies have reported the correlation between depression and physical activity in elderly patients with osteoporosis in China.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 1, 2020, to January 29, 2021. Eligible participants were aged ≥60 years and identified as having osteoporosis. One hundred and seventy-three patients were recruited in the outpatient department of West China Hospital. A self-designed demographic data questionnaire, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and physical activity scale in the elderly (PASE) were used to evaluate anxiety and depression status and physical activity of the participants. Multivariate linear regression was performed to evaluate the factors affecting physical activity. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation among physical activity, anxiety, and depression in elderly patients with osteoporosis.Results: Of the 173 participants with osteoporosis, 114 (65.9%) were aged 60-75 years. The physical activity scores were 78.17±3.03.131 (75.72%) for participants with anxiety and 122 (70.52%) for participants with depression. Multiple linear regression showed that age, education, smoking, participation in social activity, activity of daily life, frailty phenotype, SAS, and SDS were independent risk factors for physical activity in elderly patients with osteoporosis. Physical activity was negatively correlated with anxiety and depression. This means that the higher the physical activity score was, the lower the incidence of anxiety and depression.Conclusions: We found that anxiety and depression were prevalent, and physical activity was negatively correlated with anxiety and depression in elderly patients with osteoporosis in China. Medical staff should focus on the factors that influence anxiety and depression among elderly patients with osteoporosis and reduce the incidence of anxiety and depression.
Keqinzhangia Aquatica Gen. et sp. nov. And Pseudocoronospora Hainanense gen. et sp. nov., Isolated From Freshwater In Southern China
Authors: Zheng Hua , Qiao Min , Guo Jishu , Castañeda-Ruiz Rafael F. , Peng Jie , Yu Zefen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
During the investigation of the diversity of aquatic hyphomycetes from southern China, two interesting isolates were collected. Then, the two isolates were cultured and sequenced, and a BLAST search of its LSU sequences against data in GenBank revealed that the closest related taxa in the genus Microthyrium. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the combined sequence data from the small and large nuclear subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU), revealed that our isolates belong to the Microthyriaceae. Combined morphological characters, we finally described our isolates as two new genera and species in Microthyriaceae, named as: Keqinzhangia aquatica and Pseudocoronospora hainanense. The full descriptions, illustrations and a phylogenetic tree showing the position of the two new genera were provided in this paper.
Cancer Stem Cell Regulated Phenotypic Plasticity Protects Metastasized Cancer Cells from Ferroptosis
Authors: Wu Mingming , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Weijie , Chiou Yi Shiou , Qian Wenchang , Liu Xiangtian , Zhang Min , Yan Hong , Li Shilan , Li Tao , Han Xinghua , Qian Pengxu , Liu Suling , Pan Yue-yin , Lobie Peter , Zhu Tao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cancer cells display phenotypic equilibrium between the stem-like and differentiated states during neoplastic homeostasis. The functional and mechanistic implications of this subpopulation plasticity remain largely unknown. Herein, it was demonstrated that the breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) secretome autonomously compressed the stem cell population. Co-implantation with BCSCs decreased the tumor-initiating capacity yet increased metastasis of accompanying cancer cells, wherein DKK1 was identified as a pivotal factor secreted by BCSCs for such functions. DKK1-promoted differentiation was indispensable for disseminated tumor cell metastatic outgrowth. In contrast, DKK1 inhibitors substantially relieved the metastatic burden by restraining metastatic cells in the dormant state. DKK1 increased the expression of SLC7A11 to protect metastasizing cancer cells from lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Combined treatment with ferroptosis inducer and DKK1 inhibitor exhibited synergistic effects in diminishing metastasis. Hence, this study deciphers the contribution of CSC-regulated phenotypic plasticity in metastatic colonization and provides therapeutic approaches to limit metastatic outgrowth.
Polygenic profiles define aspects of clinical heterogeneity in ADHD
Authors: Schork Andrew , LaBianca Sonja , Brickell Isabell , Helenius Dorte , Loughnan Robert , Mefford Joel , Palmer Clare , Walker Rebecca , Gådin Jesper , Krebs Morten , Appadurai Vivek , Vaez Morteza , Agerbo Esben , Pedersen Marianne Giørtz , Børglum Anders , Hougaard David , Mors Ole , Nordentoft Merete , Mortensen Preben , Kendler Kenneth , Jernigan Terry , Geschwind Daniel , Ingason Andres , Dahl Andy , Zaitlen Noah , Dalsgaard Søren , Werge Thomas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex disorder with heterogeneous clinical presentations that manifest variability in long-term outcomes. The genetic contributions to this clinical heterogeneity, however, are not well understood. Here, we study 14 084 individuals diagnosed with ADHD to identify several genetic factors underlying clinical heterogeneity. One genome-wide significant locus was specifically associated with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis among individuals diagnosed with ADHD and it was not previously associated with ASD nor ADHD, individually. We used a novel approach to compare profiles of polygenic scores for groups of individuals diagnosed with ADHD and uncovered robust evidence that biology is an important factor in on-going clinical debates. Specifically, individuals diagnosed with ASD and ADHD, substance use disorder (SUD) and ADHD, or first diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood had different profiles of polygenic scores for ADHD and multiple other psychiatric, cognitive, and socio-behavioral traits. A polygene overlap between an ASD diagnosis in ADHD and cognitive performance was replicated in an independent, typically developing cohort. Our unique approach uncovered evidence of genetic heterogeneity in a widely studied complex disorder, allowing for timely contributions to the understanding of ADHD etiology and providing a model for similar studies of other disorders.