bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capacity utilization in industrial sector: a structured review and implications for future research
Authors: Singh Mahipal , Rathi Rajeev , Singh Kaswan Mahender 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to uncover the significance of capacity, capacity utilization (CU) and its role in the quality and productivity improvement in an industrial environment. Besides, the current study is also aiming to explore the various ways to estimate CU and its status across the world.

Design/methodology/approach
In the present study, a comprehensive literature review on capacity and CU is carried out to expose the research direction in the field of CU. This work is primarily focused on capacity, CU and their estimation methods based on the research in various industries of different countries and current status in present scenario across the world.

Findings
The literature reveals that CU estimation is carried out by some government/central agencies at the national or sector level rather than the industry level in most of the productive nations. As far as industrial growth is concerned, capacity management should be carried out at a particular industry level so that engineering managers can be able to find out loopholes for huge capacity waste within the plant. It is observed that CU in the industrial sectors mainly computed by time series method, survey method, economic approach and engineering approach worldwide.

Research limitations/implications
This paper tries to cover almost all research work in the field of CU in various industrial sectors. However, the organizations which are producing the product with limited demand may get benefit inadequately.

Practical implications
This paper provides a vision to management toward productivity improvement through optimal utilization of available resources. As in most organizations, CU issues are much neglected areas.

Originality/value
This paper provides valuable insights on capacity and CU in the industrial sector across the world. Besides, it focused on comprehensive literature of capacity and various methods to estimate CU in industrial sectors.
The performance of noninvasive indexes of adults in identification of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children
Authors: Shi Mengte , Liu Peining , Li Jushuang , Su Yue , Zhou Xinhe , Wu Chenwei , Chen Xia , Zheng Chao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of three existing prediction scores which are applicable to adults for identifying nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Chinese children.MethodsWe used data from routine check‐up based medical records of 1845 children to validate the performance of three existing scoring systems including the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), Zhejiang University index (ZJU index), and triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG index) in detection of NAFLD in children. Propensity score matching was applied to adjust for potential confounding effects in both training and validation cohorts. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was utilized to assess the performance of the three scoring systems.ResultsChildren with NAFLD had higher scores of HSI, ZJU index, and TyG index when compared with the control group (children without NAFLD). Elevated HSI, ZJU index, and TyG index scores were significantly associated with the presence of pediatric NAFLD since adjusted odds ratio and 95% CI with per interquartile range elevation of the HSI, ZJU index, and TyG index were 32.81 (20.48, 52.55), 26.31 (16.97, 40.79), and 1.83 (1.57, 2.13), respectively. In terms of discrimination of NAFLD in children, the AUC of the HSI, ZJU index, and TyG index depending on the validation cohort were 0.964, 0.960, and 0.769, respectively.ConclusionsThe HSI and ZJU index could be appropriate noninvasive biomarkers in distinguishing NAFLD in children from their controls with satisfied accuracy, which would emphasize the clinical and public health policy relevance of pediatric NAFLD. Our findings need to be confirmed by additional longitudinal studies.
Quick detection of a rare species: Forensic swabs of survey tubes for hazel dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius urine
Authors: Priestley Victoria , Allen Robert , Binstead Matthew , Arnold Richard , Savolainen Vincent 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Effective conservation decisions rely on accurate survey data, but methods can be resource‐intensive and risk false negative results. Presence of the threatened hazel dormouse (England, UK) is typically confirmed by looking for its nest in survey tubes, over a 6‐month period. As an alternative, environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys have proven benefits in efficiency and accuracy for other taxa, but generally rely on the extraction and amplification of DNA from water, soil or sediment, which are not yet dependable samples for rare terrestrial mammals like the hazel dormouse.

At a known occupancy site, paper‐lined survey tubes were used to capture a DNA sample. Like other species of rodent, the hazel dormouse excretes urine freely, and this was highlighted by ultraviolet torch, swabbed from the paper, extracted and hazel dormouse eDNA amplified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Hazel dormouse presence was confirmed in this way in three out of 50 tubes within 8 days. Detection by conventional nest survey occurred on day 63 when a hazel dormouse nest was found in a single survey tube. We calculate that amplification of eDNA left behind in tubes increased survey efficiency here at least 12‐fold.

Synthesis and applications. In this study we demonstrate that eDNA swabbed from a clean substrate placed in survey apparatus can significantly hasten the detection of a rare species. This method has the potential to broaden the application of eDNA to other terrestrial vertebrates, including surveys at large spatiotemporal scales. Beyond presence/absence, the non‐invasive DNA sample could also offer insights into sex ratio, abundance, behaviour and population genetics.
Ocular motility changes and diplopia in sutured versus unsutured implantation of the Baerveldt glaucoma device
Authors: Islamaj Esma , Jordaan‐Kuip Caroline P. , De Waard Peter W.T. , Vermeer Koen A. , Lemij Hans G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of two surgical techniques in primary Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) surgery, that is the sutured technique and the unsutured (free) plate technique, on the ocular motility and prevalence of diplopia. We hypothesize that the free plate technique results in a lower diplopia prevalence.MethodsWe performed a prospective study of patients who underwent BGI surgery with the free plate technique and compared them with patients from a previous study who had undergone BGI surgery with the sutured technique. Their ductions, ocular alignment and fusion range and the prevalence of diplopia were measured before surgery and at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively.ResultsWe analysed 57 free plate and 51 sutured plate patients. One year postoperatively, we found no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of diplopia between the two techniques. All duction changes between baseline and 1‐year follow‐up were restrictions and occurred statistically significantly more frequently in the free plate than in the sutured plate group (p = 0.03; 60% versus 34%). About the ocular alignment, in the horizontal direction, a change in exodirection was more common in both groups, while in the vertical direction, a hyperdeviation of the operated eye was more common. The vertical ocular alignment change was smaller in the free plate group than in the sutured plate group (p = 0.04 at near and p = 0.02 at distance).ConclusionsOne year postoperatively, the prevalence of diplopia was not significantly different between patients with the sutured plate and patients with the free plate technique. Both surgical techniques induce diplopia and changes in ocular motility and/or in ocular alignment.
Lung segmentectomy with novel microwave surgical instrument (Acrosurg. Revo)
Authors: Mimura Takeshi , Kamigaichi Atsushi , Kagimoto Atsushi , Yamashita Yoshinori 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA novel model of a microwave surgical instrument (Acrosurg. Revo) which is an energy device using microwave technology and 2450 MHz microwave has recently been developed for endoscopic surgery. Herein, we describe the technique of pulmonary segmentectomy with a novel device.
Constitutive activity of GPR26 regulated by ubiquitin‐dependent degradation and its antitumor role
Authors: Liu Fang , Yang Wei , Hu Minghui , Zhang Yong , Sun Beicheng , Yang Hao , Brosius Juergen , Deng Cheng 
Published: February 2021

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) play important roles in many physiological functions and numerous diseases. In addition to the classic ligand‐stimulated receptor activity, an increasing number of studies have established that many GPCRs function constitutively in a receptor dose‐dependent manner. Previous observations showed that following gene transfection, little or no protein was detectable for certain GPCRs (designated apparent state A), such as GPR26, GPR39, GPR78, GPR133, GPR139, BRS3, and LGR5, which showed strong constitutive activities. When we lysed cells in the immediate presence of western blot loading buffer, a significant increase of protein levels was detected (actual state B), which was much closer to the true expression levels under physiological conditions. GPR26 was chosen for further functional experiments as the actual state B. We identified an important ubiquitination site, K286, as well as the ubiquitin ligase E3 homologous to the E6‐associated protein carboxyl terminus domain containing 3 interacting with GPR26. The pronounced differences in the protein expression and constitutive activity of GPR26 were a consequence of the ubiquitin‐mediated rapid degradation mechanism. Furthermore, we identified in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity associated with high expression levels and constitutive activity of GPR26 in liver cancer cells. Hence, GPR26 could act as an antitumor gene for hepatocellular carcinoma. This study also represents the actual state B of a batch of GPCRs that actually play potentially important roles in physiological functions by their constitutive activity, which is controlled by rapid ubiquitin‐dependent degradation.
An advance care planning long‐term care initiative in response to COVID‐19
Authors: Berning Michelle J. , Palmer Emily , Tsai Timothy , Mitchell Susan L. , Berry Sarah D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveDescribe a systematic approach to address advance care planning (ACP) during a COVID‐19 outbreak and its impact on the incidence of new do‐not‐hospitalize (DNH) directives among long‐term care (LTC) residents.DesignProspective quality improvement initiative.SettingTwo long‐term chronic care campuses within a large academic healthcare organization.ParticipantsLTC residents with activated healthcare proxies who lacked DNH directives based on documentation in the electronic medical record (EMR) as of April 13, 2020.InterventionUsing a structured discussion guide, trained healthcare staff from various disciplines contacted the residents' proxies to conduct COVID‐19 focused ACP discussions. Residents without DNH directives with COVID‐19 were prioritized. Preferences ascertained in the discussion were communicated to the residents' primary care teams and directives were updated in the EMR accordingly.MeasurementsResidents who acquired a new DNH directive during the study initiative were determined using the EMR. Subsequent changes in DNH orders, hospitalizations, and deaths were ascertained by retrospective chart review from the date of new DNH through August 5, 2020.ResultsAt baseline, 315/581 (54%) of LTC residents did not have a DNH directive. Their mean age was 87 (±9) years and 70% were female. Following ACP discussions, 124/315 (39%) of residents acquired a new DNH directive. Among residents with new DNH directives, 65/124 (52%) were diagnosed with COVID‐19 from April 2, 2020 to May 21, 2020. During follow‐up, only 6/124 (4.8%) residents had their DNH order reversed, 2/124 (1.6%) residents were hospitalized with illnesses unrelated to COVID‐19, and 29/124 (23%) died.ConclusionsThere was substantial opportunity to increase the proportion of LTC residents with DNH orders during the COVID‐19 pandemic through a systematic ACP initiative which utilized real‐time EMR data. New directives to avoid hospitalizations were sustained among the majority of residents beyond the peak of the pandemic.
Genetic ablation of the Rho GTPase Rnd3 triggers developmental defects in internal capsule and the globus pallidus formation
Authors: Marfull‐Oromí Pau , Fleitas Catherine , Zammou Bahira , Rocandio Daniel , Ballester‐Lurbe Begoña , Terrado Jose , Perez‐Roger Ignacio , Espinet Carme , Egea Joaquim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe forebrain includes the cerebral cortex, the thalamus, and the striatum and globus pallidus (GP) in the subpallium. The formation of these structures and their interconnections by specific axonal tracts take place in a precise and orchestrated time and spatial‐dependent manner during development. However, the knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that are involved is rather limited. Moreover, while many extracellular cues and specific receptors have been shown to play a role in different aspects of nervous system development, including neuron migration and axon guidance, examples of intracellular signaling effectors involved in these processes are sparse. In the present work, we have shown that the atypical RhoGTPase, Rnd3, is expressed very early during brain development and keeps a dynamic expression in several brain regions including the cortex, the thalamus, and the subpallium. By using a gene‐trap allele (Rnd3gt) and immunological techniques, we have shown that Rnd3gt/gt embryos display severe defects in striatal and thalamocortical axonal projections (SAs and TCAs, respectively) and defects in GP formation already at early stages. Surprisingly, the corridor, an important intermediate target for TCAs is still present in these mutants. Mechanistically, a conditional genetic deletion approach revealed that Rnd3 is primarily required for the normal development of Medial Ganglionic Eminence‐derived structures, such as the GP, and therefore acts non‐cell autonomously in SAs and TCAs. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the important role of Rnd3 as an early regulator of subpallium development in vivo and revealed new insights about SAs and TCAs development.
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Age and gender differences in personality traits from early childhood through adolescence
Authors: Slobodskaya Helena R. , Kornienko Olga S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveMost research on personality development has employed self‐report questionnaires and concerned individuals older than 10 years. This is the first study to examine mean‐level age differences in personality traits from early childhood to late adolescence in the non‐Western cultural context.MethodPersonality was measured in two community samples of parent reports of 2–18‐year‐old children (N = 4,330) and self‐reports of 10–19‐year‐old adolescents (N = 4,663) from Russia by the Inventory of Child Individual Differences‐Short version (ICID‐S) at the three levels of the hierarchy, the two higher order traits, the Big Five, and lower order traits.ResultsAcross childhood, the Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism traits increased, and the Extraversion and Openness traits decreased. In adolescence, parent‐reported Conscientiousness traits increased and Neuroticism traits decreased, whereas youth‐rated Alpha and Agreeableness decreased in middle adolescence. There were small gender differences in trait levels and age trends. Parents and youths did not agree on gender differences in age trends for Neuroticism and Extraversion.ConclusionThe findings support personality maturation from early childhood to late adolescence, with the exception of increasing Neuroticism across childhood, and provide some evidence for the disruption in personality maturation in adolescence. Parents and adolescents may have different perspectives on personality development.
What evolutionary processes maintain MHC IIꞵ diversity within and among populations of stickleback?
Authors: Peng Foen , Ballare Kimberly M. , Hollis Woodard S. , den Haan Stijn , Bolnick Daniel I. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMajor Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes code for proteins that recognize foreign protein antigens to initiate T‐cell‐mediated adaptive immune responses. They are often the most polymorphic genes in vertebrate genomes. How evolution maintains this diversity remains of debate. Three main hypotheses seek to explain the maintenance of MHC diversity by invoking pathogen‐mediated selection: heterozygote advantage, frequency‐dependent selection, and fluctuating selection across landscapes or through time. Here, we use a large‐scale field parasite survey in a stickleback metapopulation to test predictions derived from each of these hypotheses. We identify over 1000 MHC IIβ variants (alleles spanning paralogous genes) and find that many of them covary positively or negatively with parasite load, suggesting that these genes contribute to resistance or susceptibility. However, despite our large sample‐size, we find no evidence for the widely cited stabilizing selection on MHC heterozygosity, in which individuals with an intermediate number of MHC variants have the lowest parasite burden. Nor do we observe a rare‐variant advantage, or widespread fluctuating selection across populations. In contrast, we find that MHC diversity is best predicted by neutral genome‐wide heterozygosity and between‐population genomic divergence, suggesting neutral processes are important in shaping the pattern of metapopulation MHC diversity. Thus, although MHC IIβ is highly diverse and relevant to the type and intensity of macroparasite infection in these populations of stickleback, the main models of MHC evolution still provide little explanatory power in this system.
Friends or enemies? The complicated relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Yung Deborah Bow Yue , Sircombe Kathleen Jean , Pletzer Daniel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) and Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) are opportunistic pathogens that are most commonly co‐isolated from chronic wounds and the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. Over the last few years, there have been plenty of contrasting results from studies involving P. aeruginosa and S. aureus co‐cultures. The general concept that P. aeruginosa outcompetes S. aureus has been challenged and there is more evidence now that they can co‐exist. Nevertheless, it still remains difficult to mimic polymicrobial infections in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we discuss recent advances in regard to Pa‐Sa molecular interactions, their physical responses, and in vitro and in vivo models. We believe it is important to optimize growth conditions in the laboratory, determine appropriate bacterial starting ratios, and consider environmental factors to study the co‐existence of these two pathogens. Ideally, optimized growth media should reflect host‐mimicking conditions with or without host cells that allow both bacteria to co‐exist. To further identify mechanisms that could help to treat these complex infections, we propose to use relevant polymicrobial animal models. Ultimately, we briefly discuss how polymicrobial infections can increase antibiotic tolerance.
Cultural competence among nurses and its influencing factors: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Cai Duanying , He Wei , Klug David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the level of cultural competence and its influencing factors among Chinese nurses by using a cross‐sectional design. Participants were recruited from four tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu, China, and 325 nurses completed the Cultural Competence Inventory for Nurses in China. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression to identify factors influencing cultural competence. The results showed that Chinese nurses self‐rated cultural competence at a moderate level (mean value of 101.7 out of 145), which indicates that cultural training is necessary to improve their cultural competence. Nurses who were younger and had fewer years of working experience, had lower educational backgrounds, seldom learned about different cultures via mass media, and rarely resided in or visited places with different cultures tended to have lower cultural competence levels, and should be provided more opportunities for cultural training. By considering demographic characteristics that influence cultural competence among Chinese nurses, educators can specifically design cultural training content at an appropriate level, targeting trainees' needs and thereby enhance training effectiveness.
Optimization theory explains nighttime stomatal responses
Authors: Wang Yujie , Anderegg William R. L. , Venturas Martin D. , Trugman Anna T. , Yu Kailiang , Frankenberg Christian 
Published: February 2021

Summary

Nocturnal transpiration is widely observed across species and biomes, and may significantly impact global water, carbon, and energy budgets. However, it remains elusive why plants lose water at night and how to model it at large scales.

We hypothesized that plants optimize nighttime leaf diffusive conductance (gwn) to balance potential daytime photosynthetic benefits and nocturnal transpiration benefits. We quantified nighttime benefits from respiratory reductions due to evaporative leaf cooling. We described nighttime costs in terms of a reduced carbon gain during the day because of water use at night. We measured nighttime stomatal responses and tested our model with water birch (Betula occidentalis) saplings grown in a glasshouse.

The gwn of water birch decreased with drier soil, higher atmospheric CO2, wetter air, lower leaf temperature, and lower leaf respiration rate. Our model predicted all these responses correctly, except for the response of gwn to air humidity. Our results also suggested that the slow decrease in gwn after sunset could be associated with decreasing leaf respiration.

The optimality‐based nocturnal transpiration model smoothly integrates with daytime stomatal optimization approaches, and thus has the potential to quantitatively predict nocturnal transpiration across space and time.
Chilled to be forced: the best dose to wake up buds from winter dormancy
Authors: Baumgarten Frederik , Zohner Constantin M. , Gessler Arthur , Vitasse Yann 
Published: February 2021

Summary

Over the last decades, spring leaf‐out of temperate and boreal trees has substantially advanced in response to global warming, affecting terrestrial biogeochemical fluxes and the Earth's climate system. However, it remains unclear whether leaf‐out will continue to advance with further warming because species’ effective chilling temperatures, as well as the amount of chilling time required to break dormancy, are still largely unknown for most forest tree species.

Here, we assessed the progress of winter dormancy and quantified the efficiency of different chilling temperatures in six dominant temperate European tree species by exposing 1170 twig cuttings to a range of temperatures from −2°C to 10°C for 1, 3, 6 or 12 wk.

We found that freezing temperatures were most effective for half of the species or as effective as chilling temperatures up to 10°C, that is, leading to minimum thermal time to and maximum success of budburst. Interestingly, chilling duration had a much larger effect on dormancy release than absolute chilling temperature.

Our experimental results challenge the common assumption that optimal chilling temperatures range c. 4–6°C, instead revealing strong sensitivity to a large range of temperatures. These findings are valuable for improving phenological models and predicting future spring phenology in a warming world.