bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Mental Diseases in Pregnancy: An In Vitro Safety Assessment
Authors: Spiess Deborah , Winker Moritz , Chauveau Antoine , Abegg Vanessa Fabienne , Potterat Olivier , Hamburger Matthias , Gründemann Carsten , Simões-Wüst Ana Paula 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPregnancy is a critical period for medical care, during which the well-being of woman and fetus must be considered. This is particularly relevant in managing non-psychotic mental disorders since treatment with central nervous system-active drugs and untreated NMDs may have negative effects. Some well-known herbal preparations (phytopharmaceuticals), including St. Johnʼs wort, California poppy, valerian, lavender, and hops, possess antidepressant, sedative, anxiolytic, or antidepressant properties and could be used to treat mental diseases such as depression, restlessness, and anxiety in pregnancy. Our goal was to assess their safety in vitro, focusing on cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis, genotoxicity, and effects on metabolic properties and differentiation in cells widely used as a placental cell model (BeWo b30 placenta choriocarcinoma cells). The lavender essential oil was inconspicuous in all experiments and showed no detrimental effects. At low-to-high concentrations, no extract markedly affected the chosen safety parameters. At an artificially high concentration of 100 µg/mL, extracts from St. Johnʼs wort, California poppy, valerian, and hops had minimal cytotoxic effects. None of the extracts resulted in genotoxic effects or altered glucose consumption or lactate production, nor did they induce or inhibit BeWo b30 cell differentiation. This study suggests that all tested preparations from St. Johnʼs wort, California poppy, valerian, lavender, and hops, in concentrations up to 30 µg/mL, do not possess any cytotoxic or genotoxic potential and do not compromise placental cell viability, metabolic activity, and differentiation. Empirical and clinical studies during pregnancy are needed to support these in vitro data.
GOÄneu
Authors: Stör Wolfram , Irnich Dominik 
Published: October 2021

SummaryDie Gebührenordnung für Ärzte (GOÄ) ist eine von der Bundesregierung mit Zustimmung des Bundesrates erlassene Rechtsverordnung. Die aktuell verbindliche GOÄ ist mehr als ein Vierteljahrhundert nicht reformiert worden und entspricht nicht mehr dem aktuellen Wissenstand der Medizin und den Patientenbedürfnissen. Bundesärztekammer und Verband der Privaten Krankenversicherungen haben gemeinsamen einen neuen Entwurf erarbeitet, dessen Eckpunkte im Beitrag dargestellt werden mit besonderem Blick auf die komplementärmedizinischen Verfahren.
Abrechnung der ärztlichen Homöopathie
Authors: Geiger Michaela 
Published: October 2021

SummaryOb in der hausärztlichen Versorgung oder in einer fachärztlichen Praxis, die Homöopathie lässt sich in jedes Praxismodell integrieren. Homöopathie kann integrativ oder komplementär zur konventionellen Medizin eingesetzt werden. Durch die Homöopathie entstehen neue Therapieoptionen bei der Behandlung von akuten bis hin zu schweren chronischen Erkrankungen. Die Therapie ist in der PKV und der GKV verankert.
Efficacy of Norway Spruce Ointments and Bacterial and Fungal Alterations in the Treatment of Castration Wounds in Piglets
Authors: Prokop Désirée , Spergser Joachim , Hagmüller Werner , Tichy Alexander , Zitterl-Eglseer Karin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Norway spruce ointments on wound healing of castration wounds in piglets. This study included 95 male pigs randomly divided into five treatment groups: Norway spruce balm (Vulpuran), Norway spruce resin (Abilar), pork lard (ointment base of Vulpuran), no treatment (negative control) and antibiotic blue spray (Cyclo spray, positive control). Wound healing parameters (such as healing time, wound size, reddening of wound edges and surrounding, swelling, secretion and wound contamination), microbiological status and the haptoglobin level as an inflammation parameter were investigated. In the Norway spruce groups, some positive effects on wound healing parameters were found. In the first 6 days of treatment, Abilar or Vulpuran showed the smallest means of wound areas, and at the end of the study (day 15 + 17), the highest rates of completely closed wounds compared to the other groups. Vulpuran treatment led to significantly lower
wound secretion (p = 0.003) and wound contamination (p = 0.015) than the untreated control did. Furthermore, the microbiological status was determined using MALDI-TOF-MS and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing at different days of treatment. A comparison of the five treatment groups on day 3 revealed that Norway spruce led to the lowest rate of wounds colonised with fungi, mainly classified into genus Candida, (Abilar 77%, Vulpuran 70%) in comparison with blue spray (89%), lard (100%) and untreated control (100%). Fungi could only be detected in one of the 13 samples treated with Vulpuran on day 8, which nearly reached significance (p = 0.055).
Gut Microbiota of Pigs Metabolizes Extracts of Filipendula ulmaria and Orthosiphon aristatus–Herbal Remedies Used in Urinary Tract Disorders
Authors: Popowski Dominik , Zentek Jürgen , Piwowarski Jakub P. , Granica Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUrinary tract infections influence the mortality rate in pigs and are linked to extensive antibiotic usage in the farm industry. Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. and Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. are widespread medicinal plants traditionally used to treat urinary tract disorders. As their preparations are orally administered, the metabolism of their constituents by gut microbiota before absorption should be considered. Until now, no experiments had been performed to describe the biotransformation of tthose plantsʼ extracts by animal gut microbiota. The study evaluates the influence of pig intestinal microbiota on the structure of active compounds in flowers of F. ulmaria and leaves of O. aristatus. The incubations of the extracts with piglet gut microbiota were performed in anaerobic conditions, and the samples of the batch culture were collected for 24 h. In F. ulmaria, the main metabolites were quercetin and kaempferol, which were products of the deglycosylation of flavonoids. After 24 h incubation of O. aristatus extract with the piglet gut microbiota, 2 main metabolites were observed. One, tentatively identified as 3-(3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, is likely the primary metabolite of the most abundant depsides and phenolic acids. The results confirm the formation of the compounds with anti-inflammatory and diuretic activity in the microbiota cultures, which might suggest F. ulmaria and O. aristatus for treating urinary tract disorders in piglets. Based on the similarities of human and pig gut microbiota, the pig model can help estimate the metabolic pathways of natural products in humans.
Successful Use of Intravenous Methylnaltrexone for Opioid-Induced Constipation in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients
Authors: Mills Kimberly P. , McPherson Christopher C. , Said Ahmed S. , Lahart Michael A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives Methylnaltrexone is U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved as a subcutaneous injection for adults with opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Case series have described the use of methylnaltrexone for OIC in the pediatric oncology population. There are limited data describing its intravenous use in critically ill pediatric patients.
Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study at St. Louis Children's Hospital. Patients less than 18 years old who received at least one dose of intravenous methylnaltrexone while admitted to an intensive care unit between January 2016 and August 2019 were included. The primary outcome was documented laxation within 24 hours of methylnaltrexone administration.
Results Sixteen patients received a total of 34 doses of intravenous methylnaltrexone. Patients received a median of 1.69 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.9–4.86) morphine milligram equivalents per kilogram per 24 hours, over a median of 14 days (IQR, 11–30), before methylnaltrexone administration. The median dose of methylnaltrexone was 0.15 mg/kg (IQR, 0.15–0.16). Ten patients (63%) responded to the first dose of methylnaltrexone, and 14 patients (88%) responded to at least one dose. Overall, 26 doses (76%) led to patient response. Four patients (25%) experienced adverse events (emesis, abdominal pain) after methylnaltrexone administration. No signs or symptoms of opioid withdrawal were documented.
Conclusions Intravenous methylnaltrexone appears to be safe and effective in treating OIC in critically ill pediatric patients. No serious adverse events or signs of opioid withdrawal were observed after single and repeat dosing. Patients responded to methylnaltrexone with varying opioid dosing and durations prior to administration.
How do contract types and incentives influence driver behavior?−An analysis of the Kigali bus network
Authors: Sörensen Leif , Schlüter Jan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe rapidly growing city of Kigali has a bus network that is undergoing increased development as underlined in its Transport Master Plan. Two schemes of bus driver remuneration coexist in the city: One constitutes a hybrid salary and commission system, while the other pays a fixed monthly salary. This paper examines the effect of these differing compensation schemes on driver behavior in Kigali using survey data from 2019. The analysis applies linear models incorporating various aspects of driver behavior in a principal-agent framework. The results indicate that the performance-based compensation scheme is associated with higher per-trip passenger fluctuation and faster driving (possibly due to drivers aiming to accrue a higher income) compared to the fixed-wage system. Policy implications comprise the inclusion of further criteria in incentive contracts to internalize potential negative externalities on society, e.g., to hinder the endangerment of passenger safety by appropriately incentivizing drivers. In conclusion, bus drivers who are compensated by performance are more likely to alter their behavior, responding to the incentive scheme through several channels.
Reformulation on Chinese EFL learners’ email literacy
Authors: Chen Yuan-shan , Liu Chin-Ting 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study explored the effect of reformulation on Chinese EFL learners’ email pragmatic performance. Two high-intermediate learners of English collaboratively wrote an email (pretest), compared their original email to a reformulated version of it and to a native speaker model in the noticing stage, and revised the pretest email individually (posttest). The results indicated that (a) most of the problems found in pragmatic-related episodes in the pretest were appropriately resolved based on peer discussion; (b) the participants predominantly noticed pragmalinguistic features in the noticing stage; and (c) in the posttest, the number of changes matching the reformulation was higher than the number of those matching the native speaker model. This study closes by providing pedagogical implications for language teachers.
The effect of first language pragmatics on second language email performance
Authors: Economidou-Kogetsidis Maria 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The present study is a comparative production study which investigates the effect of L1 email pragmatics on L2 email performance and examines the extent to which the L2 email production of advanced, Greek learners of English shows agreement with their L1 email production. The study identified culture-specific pragmatic norms and aspects of L1 pragmatic behaviours that learners transferred to their L2 emails. A preference for formality and direct strategies was confirmed in both data sets suggesting that the learners’ emails converge with those of NS of Greek and approximate native Greek norms. Results further pointed towards a high degree of agreement in the majority of the modifiers employed by the two groups.
Email communication in English and in German
Authors: Schauer Gila A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This semi-longitudinal investigation examines greetings and closings in emails written by German university students in their native and foreign language. The results reveal students’ preference for formal greetings in both English and German. However, the data also suggest that not all students were aware of appropriate address term combinations in formal English emails. Regarding closings, the students used a limited set of standard formal closings in English but employed a greater variety of closing strategies in German. The results further revealed the importance of micro-analysing individual students’ contributions in a corpus, as this provides insights into an individual’s language use over time and also shows the impact individual students’ routine preferences can have on group scores.
“You are the best!”
Authors: Savić Milica , Đorđević Miodrag 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study investigates relational practices in developing email conversations between interactants performing various institutional roles at a Norwegian university. Three variables were examined: conversational progression, institutional roles, and social distance. Conversational progression was found to exert an influence on increasing familiarity in closing sequences. The openings and closings in the conversations between faculty members tended to orient to familiarity to a greater extent than in most other institutional role dyads, while the widest variety and the highest frequency of relational moves outside the framing moves appeared in faculty – PhD fellow conversations. Social distance was identified as a driver of deference in both openings and closings, while its influence on the frequency of occurrence of other relational moves was limited.
Barbed Polydioxanone Sutures for Face Recontouring: Six-Month Safety and Effectiveness Data Supported by Objective Markerless Tracking Analysis
Authors: Preibisz Lukasz , Boulmé Florence , Paul Lorenc Z 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Barbed polydioxanone (PDO) sutures allowing for minimally invasive skin lifting are broadly and increasingly used in aesthetic dermatology.

Objectives
To describe utilization of diverse barbed PDO sutures for aesthetic facial corrections in Caucasian patients, to evaluate long-term safety and to demonstrate effectiveness in skin tightening, redefinition of facial contours, and tissue elevation.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of patients routinely treated with barbed PDO sutures on face was performed. Aesthetic improvement was evaluated at 6-, 12- and 24-week posttreatment by the treating physician, patients, and an independent photographic reviewer. Patient’s satisfaction with treatment outcome was evaluated. Procedure effects were also objectively measured by markerless tracking analysis.

Results
Sixty patients were treated with a total of 388 barbed sutures in various anatomical areas and followed-up for 24 weeks. At Week 24, the aesthetic improvement rate was 80% to 100% (depending on the evaluator), skin movements related to pre-treatment photographs showed significant changes across several different anatomical regions, and 97% of patients were satisfied with the overall treatment outcome. Transient, mild, and short-lasting adverse events, mostly pain and hematoma, occurred in 15% of patients.

Conclusions
Barbed PDO sutures are safe and highly effective for aesthetic corrections, with results lasting for at least 24 weeks.

Level of Evidence: 4
Do taxon-specific DNA barcodes improve species discrimination relative to universal barcodes in Lauraceae?
Authors: Liu Zhi-Fang , Ma Hui , Zhang Xiao-Yan , Ci Xiu-Qin , Li Lang , Hu Jian-Lin , Zhang Can-Yu , Xiao Jian-Hua , Li His-Wen , Conran John G , Twyford Alex D , Hollingsworth Peter M , Li Jie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of DNA barcoding is to enable fast and accurate species identification. However, universal plant DNA barcodes often do not provide species-level discrimination, especially in taxonomically complex groups. Here we use Lauraceae for the design and evaluation of DNA barcoding strategies, considering: (1) the efficacy of taxon-specific DNA barcode regions compared with universal barcodes for species discrimination; and (2) how the extent of intra- and interspecific sampling affects species discrimination rates. To address these areas, we targeted the highly polymorphic, taxon-specific barcode regions ycf1 + ndhH–rps15 + trnL–ycf2 for Lauraceae and compared them against the suite of standard plastid loci used for DNA barcoding (rbcL + matK + trnH–psbA) and the standard nuclear barcode ITS. The highest discrimination success came from nrDNA ITS, whereas the plastid regions (rbcL + matK + trnH–psbA) and the taxon-specific regions (ycf1 + ndhH–rps15 + trnL–ycf2) showed limited and inconsistent resolution. These results highlight that taxon-specific plastid barcodes may provide limited gains in discriminatory power in complex, closely related groups like Lauraceae. Moreover, our study showed that species discrimination greatly depends on the taxon sampling scheme, with relatively lower species discrimination observed where there is more comprehensive intra- and interspecific sampling. The outstanding challenge for plant DNA barcoding is the development of assays that allow routine low-cost access to large numbers of nuclear markers to facilitate the sequencing of large numbers of individuals.
Objective biomarkers for clinical relapse in multiple sclerosis: a metabolomics approach
Authors: Yeo Tianrong , Probert Fay , Sealey Megan , Saldana Luisa , Geraldes Ruth , Höckner Sebastian , Schiffer Eric , Claridge Timothy D W , Leppert David , DeLuca Gabriele , Kuhle Jens , Palace Jacqueline , Anthony Daniel C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Accurate determination of relapses in multiple sclerosis is important for diagnosis, classification of clinical course and therapeutic decision making. The identification of biofluid markers for multiple sclerosis relapses would add to our current diagnostic armamentarium and increase our understanding of the biology underlying the clinical expression of inflammation in multiple sclerosis. However, there is presently no biofluid marker capable of objectively determining multiple sclerosis relapses although some, in particular neurofilament-light chain, have shown promise. In this study, we sought to determine if metabolic perturbations are present during multiple sclerosis relapses, and, if so, identify candidate metabolite biomarkers and evaluate their discriminatory abilities at both group and individual levels, in comparison with neurofilament-light chain. High-resolution global and targeted 1H nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics as well as neurofilament-light chain measurements were performed on the serum in four groups of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients, stratified by time since relapse onset: (i) in relapse (R); (ii) last relapse (LR) ≥ 1 month (M) to &lt; 6 M ago; (iii) LR ≥ 6 M to &lt; 24 M ago; and (iv) LR ≥ 24 M ago. Two hundred and one relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients were recruited: R (n = 38), LR 1–6 M (n = 28), LR 6–24 M (n = 34), LR ≥ 24 M (n = 101). Using supervised multivariate analysis, we found that the global metabolomics profile of R patients was significantly perturbed compared to LR ≥ 24 M patients. Identified discriminatory metabolites were then quantified using targeted metabolomics. Lysine and asparagine (higher in R), as well as, isoleucine and leucine (lower in R), were shortlisted as potential metabolite biomarkers. ANOVA of these metabolites revealed significant differences across the four patient groups, with a clear trend with time since relapse onset. Multivariable receiver operating characteristics analysis of these four metabolites in discriminating R versus LR ≥ 24 M showed an area under the curve of 0.758, while the area under the curve for serum neurofilament-light chain was 0.575. Within individual patients with paired relapse–remission samples, all four metabolites were significantly different in relapse versus remission, with the direction of change consistent with that observed at group level, while neurofilament-light chain was not discriminatory. The perturbations in the identified metabolites point towards energy deficiency and immune activation in multiple sclerosis relapses, and the measurement of these metabolites, either singly or in combination, are useful as biomarkers to differentiate relapse from remission at both group and individual levels.
Carboxylesterase-1 Assisted Targeting of HDAC Inhibitors to Mononuclear Myeloid Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Elfiky Ahmed M I , Ghiboub Mohammed , Li Yim Andrew Y F , Hageman Ishtu L , Verhoeff Jan , de Krijger Manon , van Hamersveld Patricia H P , Welting Olaf , Admiraal Iris , Rahman Shafaque , Garcia-Vallejo Juan J , Wildenberg Manon E , Tomlinson Laura , Gregory Richard , Rioja Inmaculada , Prinjha Rab K , Furze Rebecca C , Lewis Huw D , Mander Palwinder K , Heinsbroek Sigrid E M , Bell Matthew J , de Jonge Wouter J 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsHistone deacetylase inhibitors [HDACi] exert potent anti-inflammatory effects. Because of the ubiquitous expression of HDACs, clinical utility of HDACi is limited by off-target effects. Esterase-sensitive motif [ESM] technology aims to deliver ESM-conjugated compounds to human mononuclear myeloid cells, based on their expression of carboxylesterase 1 [CES1]. This study aims to investigate utility of an ESM-tagged HDACi in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD].MethodsCES1 expression was assessed in human blood, in vitro differentiated macrophage and dendritic cells, and Crohn’s disease [CD] colon mucosa, by mass cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction [PCR], and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. ESM-HDAC528 intracellular retention was evaluated by mass spectrometry. Clinical efficacy of ESM-HDAC528 was tested in dextran sulphate sodium [DSS]-induced colitis and T cell transfer colitis models using transgenic mice expressing human CES1 under the CD68 promoter.ResultsCES1 mRNA was highly expressed in human blood CD14+ monocytes, in vitro differentiated and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-stimulated macrophages, and dendritic cells. Specific hydrolysis and intracellular retention of ESM-HDAC528 in CES1+ cells was demonstrated. ESM-HDAC528 inhibited LPS-stimulated IL-6 and TNF-α production 1000 times more potently than its control, HDAC800, in CES1high monocytes. In healthy donor peripheral blood, CES1 expression was significantly higher in CD14++CD16- monocytes compared with CD14+CD16++ monocytes. In CD-inflamed colon, a higher number of mucosal CD68+ macrophages expressed CES1 compared with non-inflamed mucosa. In vivo, ESM-HDAC528 reduced monocyte differentiation in the colon and significantly improved colitis in a T cell transfer model, while having limited potential in ameliorating DSS-induced colitis.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that monocytes and inflammatory macrophages specifically express CES1, and can be preferentially targeted by ESM-HDAC528 to achieve therapeutic benefit in IBD.