bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of the North Anatolian Fault and a Fragmenting Slab Architecture on Upper Mantle Seismic Anisotropy in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Merry Thomas A. J. , Bastow Ian D. , Kounoudis Rita , Ogden Christopher S. , Bell Rebecca E. , Jones Laurence 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe eastern Mediterranean hosts, within the span of a few hundred kilometers, extensional, strike‐slip, and collision tectonics above a set of fragmenting subducting slabs. Slab roll‐back, toroidal flow, and lithospheric dripping/delamination processes are also believed to be operating. Associated asthenospheric flow and lithospheric deformation are expected to manifest as seismic anisotropy, measurable via study of SKS shear wave splitting. Surprisingly, previous SKS splitting investigations have resolved only long wavelength patterns of anisotropy in the region, interpreting them as large‐scale asthenospheric flow; moreover, no anisotropic signature has been associated with the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), unlike other major strike‐slip plate boundaries worldwide. We present a 29‐year record of SKS splitting observations, revealing hitherto‐unrecognized short‐length‐scale variations in anisotropy, and backazimuthal variations of splitting parameters that attest to multi‐layered anisotropy. Lithospheric anisotropy beneath the NAF exhibits fast directions either fault‐parallel or intermediate between the principle extensional strain rate axis and fault strike, diagnostic of a relatively low‐strained transcurrent mantle shear zone. Elsewhere, anisotropy is consistent with asthenospheric flow through tomographically imaged slab gaps, and driven by Hellenic trench retreat. Evidence for westward flow of asthenosphere driving Anatolian plate motion is lacking. Shorter splitting delay times and nulls in central Anatolia suggest weaker azimuthal anisotropy in the asthenosphere, supporting models that invoke vertical mantle flow patterns (lithospheric dripping/asthenospheric upwelling). Thus, we conclude that the signal of mantle anisotropy more closely reflects the lithospheric deformation, complex slab architecture and geodynamic diversity of the region than previously recognized.
Equatorial Plasma Drifts During the Magnetic Storm on November 7–11, 2004: Identifications of the Roles of Penetration and Disturbance Dynamo Electric Fields With Multi‐Instrumental Measurements
Authors: Huang Chao‐Song , Zhang Yongliang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPenetration electric fields and disturbance dynamo electric fields are the two major disturbance electric fields in the equatorial ionosphere during geomagnetic storms. In this study, we analyze equatorial ion drifts measured by radar and satellites during the geomagnetic storm on November 7–11, 2004. The magnetic storm had two main phases, with minimum Dst values of −373 and −289 nT, respectively. The equatorial vertical ion drifts in the dusk‐evening sector were continuously enhanced in the upward direction for 13 h on November 7–8, including 7 h of the first main phase and 6 h of the early stage of the recovery phase. On November 10, the equatorial vertical ion drifts were continuously enhanced in the upward direction for ∼10 h, including ∼9 h of the second main phase and ∼1.5 h of the early stage of the recovery phase. Enhanced thermospheric nitric oxide 5.3 μm emission and westward disturbance winds were measured in the equatorial region during the two main phases of the magnetic storm, indicating occurrence of disturbance dynamo electric fields. The observations show that penetration electric fields are the dominant electric fields in the equatorial ionosphere for 13 and 10 h with continuous southward IMF even if disturbance winds already occur. Very large westward ion drifts are generated in the dusk‐evening equatorial region during the magnetic storm. It is suggested that the westward drifts are caused by penetration of electric fields associated with subauroral polarization streams.
Biology and pathology of the uterine microenvironment and its natural killer cells
Authors: Wang Fuyan , Qualls Anita Ellen , Marques-Fernandez Laia , Colucci Francesco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTissues are the new frontier of discoveries in immunology. Cells of the immune system are an integral part of tissue physiology and immunity. Determining how immune cells inhabit, housekeep, and defend gut, lung, brain, liver, uterus, and other organs helps revealing the intimate details of tissue physiology and may offer new therapeutic targets to treat pathologies. The uterine microenvironment modulates the development and function of innate lymphoid cells [ILC, largely represented by natural killer (NK) cells], macrophages, T cells, and dendritic cells. These immune cells, in turn, contribute to tissue homeostasis. Regulated by ovarian hormones, the human uterine mucosa (endometrium) undergoes ~400 monthly cycles of breakdown and regeneration from menarche to menopause, with its fibroblasts, glands, blood vessels, and immune cells remodeling the tissue into the transient decidua. Even more transformative changes occur upon blastocyst implantation. Before the placenta is formed, the endometrial glands feed the embryo by histiotrophic nutrition while the uterine spiral arteries are stripped of their endothelial layer and smooth muscle actin. This arterial remodeling is carried out by invading fetal trophoblast and maternal immune cells, chiefly uterine NK (uNK) cells, which also assist fetal growth. The transformed arteries no longer respond to maternal stimuli and meet the increasing demands of the growing fetus. This review focuses on how the everchanging uterine microenvironment affects uNK cells and how uNK cells regulate homeostasis of the decidua, placenta development, and fetal growth. Determining these pathways will help understand the causes of major pregnancy complications.
A single genetic locus controls both expression of DPEP1/CHMP1A and kidney disease development via ferroptosis
Authors: Guan Yuting , Liang Xiujie , Ma Ziyuan , Hu Hailong , Liu Hongbo , Miao Zhen , Linkermann Andreas , Hellwege Jacklyn N. , Voight Benjamin F. , Susztak Katalin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified loci for kidney disease, but the causal variants, genes, and pathways remain unknown. Here we identify two kidney disease genes Dipeptidase 1 (DPEP1) and Charged Multivesicular Body Protein 1 A (CHMP1A) via the triangulation of kidney function GWAS, human kidney expression, and methylation quantitative trait loci. Using single-cell chromatin accessibility and genome editing, we fine map the region that controls the expression of both genes. Mouse genetic models demonstrate the causal roles of both genes in kidney disease. Cellular studies indicate that both Dpep1 and Chmp1a are important regulators of a single pathway, ferroptosis and lead to kidney disease development via altering cellular iron trafficking.
GABAergic inhibition in the human visual cortex relates to eye dominance
Authors: Ip I. Betina , Emir Uzay E. , Lunghi Claudia , Parker Andrew J. , Bridge Holly 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBinocular vision is created by fusing the separate inputs arriving from the left and right eyes. ‘Eye dominance’ provides a measure of the perceptual dominance of one eye over the other. Theoretical models suggest that eye dominance is related to reciprocal inhibition between monocular units in the primary visual cortex, the first location where the binocular input is combined. As the specific inhibitory interactions in the binocular visual system critically depend on the presence of visual input, we sought to test the role of inhibition by measuring the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA during monocular visual stimulation of the dominant and the non-dominant eye. GABA levels were measured in a single volume of interest in the early visual cortex, including V1 from both hemispheres, using a combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (combined fMRI-MRS) sequence on a 7-Tesla MRI scanner. Individuals with stronger eye dominance had a greater difference in GABAergic inhibition between the eyes. This relationship was present only when the visual system was actively processing sensory input and was not present at rest. We provide the first evidence that imbalances in GABA levels during ongoing sensory processing are related to eye dominance in the human visual cortex. Our finding supports the view that intracortical inhibition underlies normal eye dominance.
The passband integration properties of Birefringent filter
Authors: Wang Xiaofan , Demidov Mikhail Leonidovich , Deng Yuanyong , Zhang Haiying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, we discuss an observation phenomenon where the total amount of photons in the full passband of the Birefringent filter is a constant number that is considered by removing the spectrum of the light source irrespective of the instrument transmittance. This conclusion is only noticed and considered to be correct in Huairou Solar Observing Station since 1980’s. This article will give a further discussion to the question that had been proposed by the previous researchers. The article structure is organized as history (Sec. 1), experiment (Sec. 2), math (Sec. 3), and discussion (Sec. 4). This issue should be the Paseval-Theorem manifesting itself in astronomical measurement, even though we rigorously demonstrate that this photons conservation has its mathematical generality in Sec. 3.
Quantifying changes over 1 year in motor and cognitive skill after transient ischemic attack (TIA) using robotics
Authors: Simmatis Leif E. R. , Scott Stephen H. , Jin Albert Y. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent work has highlighted that people who have had TIA may have abnormal motor and cognitive function. We aimed to quantify deficits in a cohort of individuals who had TIA and measured changes in their abilities to perform behavioural tasks over 1 year of follow-up using the Kinarm Exoskeleton robot. We additionally considered performance and change over time in an active control cohort of migraineurs. Individuals who had TIA or migraine completed 8 behavioural tasks that assessed cognition as well as motor and sensory functionality in the arm. Participants in the TIA cohort were assessed at 2, 6, 12, and 52 weeks after symptom resolution. Migraineurs were assessed at 2 and 52 weeks after symptom resolution. We measured overall performance on each task using an aggregate metric called Task Score and quantified any significant change in performance including the potential influence of learning. We recruited 48 individuals to the TIA cohort and 28 individuals to the migraine cohort. Individuals in both groups displayed impairments on robotic tasks within 2 weeks of symptom cessation and also at approximately 1 year after symptom cessation, most commonly in tests of cognitive-motor integration. Up to 51.3% of people in the TIA cohort demonstrated an impairment on a given task within 2-weeks of symptom resolution, and up to 27.3% had an impairment after 1 year. In the migraine group, these numbers were 37.5% and 31.6%, respectively. We identified that up to 18% of participants in the TIA group, and up to 10% in the migraine group, displayed impairments that persisted for up to 1 year after symptom resolution. Finally, we determined that a subset of both cohorts (25–30%) experienced statistically significant deteriorations in performance after 1 year. People who have experienced transient neurological symptoms, such as those that arise from TIA or migraine, may continue to experience lasting neurological impairments. Most individuals had relatively stable task performance over time, with some impairments persisting for up to 1 year. However, some individuals demonstrated substantial changes in performance, which highlights the heterogeneity of these neurological disorders. These findings demonstrate the need to consider factors that contribute to lasting neurological impairment, approaches that could be developed to alleviate the lasting effects of TIA or migraine, and the need to consider individual neurological status, even following transient neurological symptoms.
Physicochemical characterization and microbiology quality of the Pentadesma butyracea fruit pulp collected from various parks in Benin
Authors: Ayegnon Bernolde Paul , Chabi Ifagbémi Bienvenue , Akogou Folachodé Ulrich Gildas , Kayodé Adéchola Pierre Polycarpe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn Benin,P. butyraceafruit pulp undergoes significant post-harvest loss due to its low valorization. The collected fruits in five parklands from a survey of transformer's perception were characterized through their visual observations, the determination of their dimensions and pulp proportions. The nutritional value of pulp was evaluated through its chemical characterization. The results of this study revealed that four shapes (ellipsoid, globular, ovoid, ellipsoid twisted) identify the physical aspect ofP. butyraceafruits in theP. butyraceaparklands. The average length, diameter at the equator, mass and pulp proportion of fruits were 130.93 mm, 86.98 mm, 125.63 g and 35.79%, respectively. The physicochemical characterization showed that theP. butyraceafruit pulp contained 3.37–3.41 pH, 3.33–4.61% protein, 20.37–20.78% fiber, 2.78–3.57% ash, 6.31–6.51% crude lipid, 85.77–86.47% moisture, 21.54–23.22 mg/mL total phenolics, 0.73–1.03% titratable acidity, 65.10–66.94% carbohydrates, 335.75–338.99 kcal calorie and minerals (Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn). The antioxidant activity result showed that theP. butyraceafruit pulp is a valuable source of antioxidant pigments. Faecal coliforms are not detected in pulps and the aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and moulds, andStaphylococcus aureuswere below detection level inP. butyraceafruit pulps.
High-content image-based analysis and proteomic profiling identifies Tau phosphorylation inhibitors in a human iPSC-derived glutamatergic neuronal model of tauopathy
Authors: Cheng Chialin , Reis Surya A. , Adams Emily T. , Fass Daniel M. , Angus Steven P. , Stuhlmiller Timothy J. , Richardson Jared , Olafson Hailey , Wang Eric T. , Patnaik Debasis , Beauchamp Roberta L. , Feldman Danielle A. , Silva M. Catarina , Sur Mriganka , Johnson Gary L. , Ramesh Vijaya , Miller Bruce L. , Temple Sally , Kosik Kenneth S. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Haggarty Stephen J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMutations in MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau) cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD). MAPT mutations are associated with abnormal tau phosphorylation levels and accumulation of misfolded tau protein that can propagate between neurons ultimately leading to cell death (tauopathy). Recently, a p.A152T tau variant was identified as a risk factor for FTD, Alzheimer's disease, and synucleinopathies. Here we used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from a patient carrying this p.A152T variant to create a robust, functional cellular assay system for probing pathophysiological tau accumulation and phosphorylation. Using stably transduced iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells engineered to enable inducible expression of the pro-neural transcription factor Neurogenin 2 (Ngn2), we generated disease-relevant, cortical-like glutamatergic neurons in a scalable, high-throughput screening compatible format. Utilizing automated confocal microscopy, and an advanced image-processing pipeline optimized for analysis of morphologically complex human neuronal cultures, we report quantitative, subcellular localization-specific effects of multiple kinase inhibitors on tau, including ones under clinical investigation not previously reported to affect tau phosphorylation. These results demonstrate the potential for using patient iPSC-derived ex vivo models of tauopathy as genetically accurate, disease-relevant systems to probe tau biochemistry and support the discovery of novel therapeutics for tauopathies.
Lung ultrasound may support internal medicine physicians in predicting the diagnosis, bacterial etiology and favorable outcome of community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Mearelli Filippo , Casarsa Chiara , Trapani Alessandro , D’agaro Pierlanfranco , Moras Cristina , Spagnol Francesca , Pellicori Federica , Nunnari Alessio , Massolin Alice , Barbati Giulia , Biolo Gianni 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo assess the usefulness of lung ultrasound (LUS) for identifying community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among adult patients with suspected lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and for discriminating between CAP with different cultural statuses, etiologies, and outcomes. LUS was performed at internal medicine ward admission. The performance of chest X-ray (CXR) and LUS in diagnosing CAP in 410 patients with suspected LRTI was determined. All possible positive results for pneumonia on LUS were condensed into pattern 1 (consolidation + / − alveolar-interstitial syndrome) and pattern 2 (alveolar-interstitial syndrome). The performance of LUS in predicting culture-positive status, bacterial etiology, and adverse outcomes of CAP was assessed in 315 patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for diagnosing CAP by LUS was significantly higher than for diagnosis CAP by CXR (0.93 and 0.71, respectively; p < 0.001). Pattern 1 predicted CAP with bacterial and mixed bacterial and viral etiologies with positive predictive values of 99% (95% CI, 94–100%) and 97% (95% CI, 81–99%), respectively. Pattern 2 ruled out mortality with a negative predictive value of 95% (95% CI, 86–98%), respectively. In this study, LUS was useful in predicting a diagnosis of CAP, the bacterial etiology of CAP, and favorable outcome in patients with CAP.
SCAMP2/5 as diagnostic and prognostic markers for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Yue Can , Xie Siting , Zhong Jiaying , Zhao Haijun , Lin Zhijuan , Zhang Li , Xu Bing , Luo Yiming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe secretory carrier-associated membrane proteins (SCAMPs) are associated with the development of multiple human cancers. The role of SCAMPs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), however, remains to be identified. In the present study, we explored expression patterns and prognostic value of SCAMPs and network analysis of SCAMPs-related signaling pathways in AML using Oncomine, GEPIA, cBioPortal, LinkedOmics, DAVID and Metascape databases. Genetic alteration analysis revealed that the mutation rate of SCAMP genes was below 1% (9/1272) in AML, and there was no significant correlation between SCAMPs gene mutation and AML prognosis. However, the SCAMP2/5 mRNA levels were significantly higher in AML patients than in healthy controls. Moreover, high mRNA expressions of SCAMP2/4/5 were associated with poor overall survival, which might be due to that SCAMP2/4/5 and their co-expressed genes were associated with multiple pathways related to tumorigenesis and progression, including human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection, acute myeloid leukemia, mTOR and NF-kappa B signaling pathways. These results suggest that SCAMP2/4/5 are potential prognostic markers for AML, and that SCAMP2 and SCAMP5 individually or in combination may be used as diagnostic markers for AML.
Translocation of intracellular CD24 constitutes a triggering event for drug resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Huth Hugo Werner , Castro-Gomes Thiago , de Goes Alfredo Miranda , Ropert Catherine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe capacity of tumor cells to shift dynamically between different states could be responsible for chemoresistance and has been commonly linked to the acquisition of stem cell properties. Here, we have evaluated the phenotype switching associated with drug resistance in breast cancer cell lines and cell lineage obtained from Brazilian patients. We have highlighted the role of the cancer stem cell marker CD24 in the dynamics of cell plasticity and the acquirement of drug resistance. We showed that the translocation of CD24 from cytosol to cell membrane is a triggering event for the phenotype change of breast tumor cells exposed to drug stress. Here, we provide evidence that the phenotype switching is due to the presence of a cytosolic pool of CD24. Importantly, the cellular localization of CD24 was correlated with the changes in the dynamics of p38 MAPK activation. A strong and continuous phosphorylation of the p38 MAPK led to the overexpression of Bcl-2 after treatment in persistent cells presenting high density of CD24 on cell membrane. This phenotype enabled the cells to enter in slow-down of cell cycle, after which several weeks later, the dormant cells proliferated again. Importantly, the use of a p38 activity inhibitor sensitized cells to drug treatment and avoided chemoresistance.
Possible route to efficient thermoelectric applications in a driven fractal network
Authors: Mondal Kallol , Ganguly Sudin , Maiti Santanu K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn essential attribute of many fractal structures is self-similarity. A Sierpinski gasket (SPG) triangle is a promising example of a fractal lattice that exhibits localized energy eigenstates. In the present work, for the first time we establish that a mixture of both extended and localized energy eigenstates can be generated yeilding mobility edges at multiple energies in presence of a time-periodic driving field. We obtain several compelling features by studying the transmission and energy eigenvalue spectra. As a possible application of our new findings, different thermoelectric properties are discussed, such as electrical conductance, thermopower, thermal conductance due to electrons and phonons. We show that our proposed method indeed exhibits highly favorable thermoelectric performance. The time-periodic driving field is assumed through an arbitrarily polarized light, and its effect is incorporated via Floquet-Bloch ansatz. All transport phenomena are worked out using Green’s function formalism following the Landauer–Büttiker prescription.
Operando mechanistic and dynamic studies of N/P co-doped hard carbon nanofibers for efficient sodium storage
Authors: Wang Liaoliao , Wang Juan , Ng Dickon H. L. , Li Sheng , Zou Bobo , Cui Yingxue , Liu Xianhu , El-Khodary Sherif A. , Qiu Jingxia , Lian Jiabiao 
Published: August 2021

In situ Raman analysis reveals that Na+ adsorbs on the surface/defective sites of N/P-HCNF and inserts randomly into its turbostratic nanodomains in the dilute state, facilitating fast Na+ diffusion kinetics for efficient sodium storage.
Samba and CERNBox: Providing online access to Windows-based users at CERN
Authors: Lo Presti Giuseppe , Brosa Iartza Aritz , Bukowiec Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the experience in providing CERN users with direct online access to their EOS/CERNBox-powered user storage from Windows. In production for about 15 months, a High-Available Samba cluster is regularly used by a significant fraction of the CERN user base, following the migration of their central home folders from Microsoft DFS in the context of CERN’s strategy to move to open source solutions.
We describe the configuration of the cluster, which is based on standard components: the EOS-backed CERNBox storage is mounted via FUSE, and an additional mount provided by CephFS is used to share the cluster’s state. Further, we describe some typical shortcomings of such a setup and how they were tackled. Finally, we show how such an additional access method fits in the bigger picture, where the storage is seamlessly accessed by user jobs, sync clients, FUSE/Samba mounts as well as the web UI, whilst aiming at a consistent view and user experience.