bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sonographic Appearance of Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Levine Deborah , Gupta Sonia C. , Kwan Charlene , Brook Alexander , Jorgensen Elisa M. , Kappler Amanda , Hecht Jonathan L. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo describe the sonographic findings of endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN), a precursor of endometrial cancer.MethodsCases were found by word search of pathology database 1/2013 to 6/2019. One hundred and seventy‐eight patients with ultrasound <1 year prior to biopsy were included. Medical records were searched for patient data. Two radiologists blindly classified images. Differences of opinion were decided by clinical report. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsMedian time between ultrasound and first sampling procedure was 49 days. Median age was 55 (range 28–85) years. Endometrial thickness ranged from 2 to 90 mm. Mean endometrial thickness was 13 ± 6 mm in the noncancer group and 16 ± 11 mm in the cancer group (P = .02). The endometrium was almost always heterogeneous 175/178 (98%). Cysts were almost always multiple (89/109, 82%) and >1 mm (72/109, 66%). Masses were most often >5 mm (56/105, 55%) and ill‐defined (41/105, 39%). Vascularity was present in 93/178 examinations (52%) and always associated with cysts and/or mass. There were 92 cancers, 25 with invasion (including 4 with tumor extension into adenomyosis). In 47 cases, the endometrial‐myometrial interface was graded as ill‐defined, 39 of whom had hysterectomy. There was macroscopic cancer in 11, microscopic cancer in 4, and invasive carcinoma in 12 patients (P for invasive cancer versus other outcomes = .02). Depth of invasion was 5‐ >95%, with 6 cancers >50%. Multivariate analysis showed thickness, polyps, and type of bleeding as the best set of independent variables for cancer (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve [AUC] = .75). Replacing type of bleeding with age or menopausal status had AUC of .73 and .74, respectively.ConclusionsEIN has a variety of sonographic appearances with thickened endometrium with cysts and masses being common. Ill‐definition of the endometrial‐myometrial interface is a poor prognostic finding when seen in the absence of adenomyosis.
A Meta‐Analysis of Analgesic Effect of Ultrasound Therapy for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Yan , Wang Yang , Jia Xiaolin 
Published: October 2021

To compare the efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound in pain relief and functional recovery in knee osteoarthritis. A comprehensive search of five databases including EMBASE, PubMed, CBM, the Cochrane Library, and Google scholar was conducted to identify relevant studies published between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2020. Eligible randomized trials were screened for inclusion in this study. Data about the mean change of visual analogue scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and range of motion (ROM) were collected. Fourteen randomized trials covering 1080 patients with treatment durations of 2 to 24 weeks were included. Both pulsed (SMD [CI] = 1.11 [0.86, 1.36], P for heterogeneity < .00001, I2 = 18%) and continuous ultrasound (SMD [CI] = 1.18 [0.78, 1.57], P for heterogeneity < .00001, I2 = 72%) therapy had obvious pain relief effects, and high‐intensity (>1.5 W/cm2) ultrasound seemed more effective (SMD [CI] = 1.34 [0.94, 1.73], P for heterogeneity < .00001, I2 = 35%). In addition, therapeutic ultrasound was also effective in increasing joint function by WOMAC (SMD [CI] = 8.18 [5.88, 10.48], P for heterogeneity < .00001, I2 = 59%). There was a certain degree of heterogeneity due to the differences between the subjects in the study and the ultrasound parameter settings. Our analysis confirmed that both pulsed and continuous ultrasound are effective and safe for pain relief and functional recovery of knee osteoarthritis, especially in high intensity (> 1.5 W/cm2). However, more high‐quality randomized controlled trials will be necessary.
Multiple stabilization roles of thermally reduced graphene oxide for both thermo‐ and photo‐oxidation of polypropylene: deter, delay, and defend
Authors: He Yusong , Fan Daiqi , Chen Jiaxing , Zhao Jincan , Kong Miqiu , Lv Yadong , Huang Yajiang , Li Guangxian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEfficient stabilization strategies for polymeric materials are critical to guarantee them to withstand decades of service in multiple aggressive environments. Graphene oxide (GO) has been identified as a kind of promising antioxidant to improve the oxidative stability of polymers; however, a comprehensive understanding of the multifunctional stabilization mechanisms of GO for polymeric materials subjected to various weathering factors is still missing. Here, we explored the effect of the thermally reduced GO (TrGO) on the thermo‐ and photo‐oxidation of isotactic polypropylene (iPP), respectively. The addition of TrGO could simultaneously suppress the thermo‐ and photo‐oxidation of iPP, and the stabilization effects became stronger with increasing TrGO content. While similar carbonyl species were formed under both thermo‐oxidation and photo‐oxidation of iPP, the proportion of ketone was much higher under thermal‐oxidation. The incorporation of TrGO did not change the proportion of the degradation products under thermo‐oxidation; however, the proportion of lactone was risen under photo‐oxidation, suggesting a different degradation mechanism. Versatile stabilization mechanisms of TrGO were further revealed by UV–Vis spectroscopy and oxygen permeability tests, which were related to the extraordinary ability of TrGO in the block of UV light (deter), suppression of oxygen diffusion (delay), and scavenging of free radicals (defend). In this contribution, we clearly demonstrated different multifunctional and synergistic stabilization functions of TrGO for thermo‐ and photo‐oxidation respectively, which shall be useful for the practical design of next‐generation GO‐based stabilizers with superior efficiency.
Defining the duration of the dispensation of oral anticoagulants in administrative healthcare databases
Authors: Sinyavskaya Liliya , Renoux Christel , Durand Madeleine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeIn clinical practice, warfarin therapy requires frequent dose adjustments. In pharmacy claims, the days supplied value may not reflect the true duration of warfarin dispensation. This may affect the measures of association comparing the safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus warfarin.MethodsUsing Quebec healthcare administrative databases, we formed a cohort of 55 230 patients newly treated with oral anticoagulants between 2010 and 2016. The duration of dispensations was defined using two approaches: the recorded days supplied value, and the longitudinal coverage approximation (data‐driven) that may account for individual variation in drug usage patterns. Propensity scores adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of major bleeding with dabigatran or rivaroxaban versus warfarin.ResultsUsing the days supplied, the mean (and standard deviation) dispensation durations for dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and warfarin were 19 (15), 19 (14), and 13 (12) days, respectively. Using the data‐driven approach, the durations were 20 (16), 19 (15), and 15 (16) days, respectively. The choice of the approach had no impact on the HR estimates.ConclusionsIn our settings, the data‐driven approach closely approximated the recorded days supplied value for the standard dose therapies such as dabigatran and rivaroxaban. For warfarin, the data‐driven approach captured more variability in the duration of dispensations compared to the days supplied value, which may better reflect the true drug‐taking behavior of warfarin. Both approaches may provide valid estimates when comparing the safety of DOACs versus warfarin.
The unexplored potential of gas‐responsive polymers in drug delivery: progress, challenges and outlook
Authors: Yong Hui Wen , Kakkar Ashok 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTargeted drug delivery based on polymeric nanoparticles has been a long‐standing interest in nanomedicine for its beneficial traits including controlled and localized drug release. Gas‐responsive polymers offer an advantageous platform and have been slowly gaining attention in spatially locating and displaying unique interactions of specific responsive chemical entities in polymeric chains with endogenous gaseous stimuli. In this review, we highlight recent developments in polymeric nanoformulations with stimulant chemical entities for gasotransmittors such as NO, CO, H2S, SO2, O2 and CO2 in enhancing efficacy in therapeutic interventions. We underline some challenges and limitations of exploring these systems for clinical applications, and how we can further tap into the potential of these emerging materials. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Fibrin airway cast obstruction: Experience, classification, and treatment guideline from Denver
Authors: Liptzin Deborah R. , McGraw Matthew D. , Houin Paul R. , Veress Livia A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPlastic bronchitis (PB) is a condition characterized by the formation of thick airway casts leading to acute and often life‐threatening airway obstruction. PB occurs mainly in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHO) who have undergone staged surgical palliation (Glenn, Fontan), but can also occur after chemical inhalation, H1N1, severe COVID‐19, sickle cell disease, severe asthma, and other diseases. Mortality risk from PB can be up to 40%–60%, and no treatment guideline exist. The objectives herein are to develop a standardized evaluation, classification, and treatment guideline for PB patients presenting with tracheobronchial casts, based on our experience with PB at the Children's Hospital of Colorado in Denver.MethodsWe describe 11 patients with CHO‐associated PB (post‐Fontan [n = 9], pre‐Fontan [n = 2]) who presented with their initial episodes. We utilized histopathological analysis of tracheobronchial casts to guide treatment in these patients, utilizing our hospital‐wide guideline document and classification system.ResultsWe found that 100% of post‐Fontan PB patients had fibrinous airway casts, while pre‐Fontan PB casts were fibrinous only in one of two patients (50%). Utilizing histopathology as a guide to therapy, PB patients with fibrin airway casts were treated with airway‐delivered fibrinolytics and anticoagulants, as well as aggressive airway clearance and other supportive care measures. These therapies resulted in successful cast resolution and improved survival in post‐Fontan PB patients.ConclusionWe have shown an improved outcome in PB patients whose treatment plan was based on Denver's PB classification schema and standardized treatment guideline based on tracheobronchial cast histopathology.
Branch‐and‐bound‐based algorithm for solving the multi‐type component assignment problem in a consecutive‐k$k$‐out‐of‐n$n$:F system
Authors: Nakamura Taishin , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the increasing scale and complexity of real‐world systems, it is crucial to improve system reliability in order to minimize occurrences of system failure. To achieve this, several prior studies have considered the component assignment problem for consecutive‐‐out‐of‐:F system models. This problem was extended to consider a system comprising multiple component types. This multi‐type component assignment problem (MCAP) aims to find an optimal component arrangement that achieves the maximum system reliability under the assumption that a component should be assigned only to a position of the same component type. A branch‐and‐bound (B&B) ‐based algorithm was developed to solve the MCAP in a consecutive‐‐out‐of‐:F system. The main principle of the proposed algorithm is the incorporation of the pruning conditions in the standard B&B framework to reduce the number of candidates for the optimal arrangement. It is experimentally demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the efficiency of the enumeration method in solving the MCAP. The proposed algorithm can obtain the optimal arrangement of a large system if the number of types is relatively large. The findings of this study can help in improving the reliability of any system that can be expressed as a consecutive‐‐out‐of‐:F system with multiple component types.
Linking flow alteration with fish assemblage structure in a river regulated by a small hydropower project in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India
Authors: Rao Shishir , Krishnaswamy Jagdish , Bhalla Ravinder Singh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSmall hydropower projects (SHPs) are promoted as low‐impact alternatives for large hydropower. SHPs are generally commissioned on small‐ to medium‐sized mountainous rivers, often in biodiverse regions, with backing in the form of subsidies, facultative policies and exemption from impact assessments as they are considered ‘green’. However, the ecological impacts of SHPs are understudied especially in highly seasonal tropical streams of Western Ghats of India, a global biodiversity hotspot and a distinct freshwater fish eco‐region. We compared SHP‐affected segments of a dammed and an undammed river in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, to assess how altered flow regime affects seasonal variability in habitat and water quality, and influences fish assemblage structure. We found that flow alteration by the SHP varied between different segments of the dammed river and with season. Furthermore, the nature of flow alteration influenced habitat variability, water quality and fish assemblage response in the dammed river. We observed that the dewatered segment of the dammed river experienced a lotic to lentic shift in habitat and water quality, which favoured fish species with eurytopic affinities. Fluctuating flows in the downstream segment subdued natural variability in flow regime and created novel habitats and water‐quality conditions, affecting fish assemblages. The upstream segment of the dammed river retained natural variability in habitat and water quality, but did not mimic the undammed river in terms of fish composition. We also observed potential constraints on recruitment for migratory species of fish in the dammed river. Based on our results, we suggest how the placement of dewatered segment, and timing the closure of SHP operation in dry season based on ecological thresholds are potential solutions to mitigate the impacts of the SHPs. Furthermore, we recommend effective impact assessments, and adaptive management with active interventions to maintain genetic and ecological connectivity, as key to enhance the sustainability of the SHPs.
Mass Transfer in Boronate Ester 2D COF Single Crystals
Authors: Naberezhnyi Daniil , Park SangWook , Li Wei , Westphal Michael , Feng Xinliang , Dong Renhao , Dementyev Petr 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnlike graphene and similar structures, 2D covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) exhibit intrinsic porosity with a high areal density of well‐defined and uniform openings. Given the pore size adjustability, 2D COFs are likely to outperform artificially perforated inorganic layers with respect to their prospects in membrane separation. Yet, exploring the mass transport in 2D COFs is hidden by the lack of laterally extended free‐standing membranes. This work reports on direct molecular permeation measurements with single crystals of an interfacially synthesized boronate ester 2D COF. In accordance with the material topography, the atmospheric and noble gases readily pass the suspended nanosheets while their areal porosity is quantified to be almost 40% exceeding that in any 2D membranes known. However, bulkier aromatic hydrocarbons are found to deviate substantially from Graham's law of diffusion. Counterintuitively, the permeation rate is demonstrated to rise from benzene to toluene and further to xylene despite the increase in the molecular mass and dimensions. The results are interpreted in terms of adsorption‐mediated flow that appears to be an important transport mechanism for microporous planar nanomaterials.
PAS: A new powerful and simple quantum computing simulator
Authors: Bian Haodong , Huang Jianqiang , Tang Jiahao , Dong Runting , Wu Li , Wang Xiaoying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent years, many researchers have been using CPU for quantum computing simulation. However, in reality, the simulation efficiency of the large‐scale simulator is low on a single node. Therefore, striving to improve the simulator efficiency on a single node has become a serious challenge that many researchers need to solve. After many experiments, we found that much computational redundancy and frequent memory access are important factors that hinder the efficient operation of the CPU. This paper proposes a new powerful and simple quantum computing simulator: PAS (power and simple). Compared with existing simulators, PAS introduces four novel optimization methods: efficient hybrid vectorization, fast bitwise operation, memory access filtering, and quantum tracking. In the experiment, we tested the QFT (quantum Fourier transform) and RQC (random quantum circuits) of 21 to 30 qubits and selected the state‐of‐the‐art simulator QuEST (quantum exact simulation toolkit) as the benchmark. After experiments, we have concluded that PAS compared with QuEST can achieve a mean speedup of (QFT), (RQC) (up to , ) on the Intel Xeon E5‐2670 v3 CPU.
Genetic Diversity and Inter‐Relationships of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Starch Traits
Authors: Narayanamoorthy Shwetha , Zhang Chuangchuang , Xu Zekun , Ma Mengting , Sui Zhongquan , Li Kehu , Corke Harold 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe starch morphology, granule size distribution, apparent amylose content (AAC), pasting properties, textural properties, gelatinization, and retrogradation of 16 common bean varieties are studied. According to the observed phenotypic data, the genetic diversity and inter‐relationships of these starch traits are analyzed. Wide diversity in starch quality traits is observed. Both volume mean diameter and area diameter of starch granules range from 21.6 to 32.3 µm, AAC ranges from 30.6% to 45.7%, and gelatinization temperature (GT) varies from 64.7 °C to 76.8 °C. AAC is not significantly correlated to GT and other gelatinization parameters or to retrogradation parameters, but is significantly positively correlated to hardness, trough viscosity, final viscosity, and setback. Conclusion temperatures (Tc) and enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔHg) are significantly negatively correlated to retrogradation percentage. Thus, AAC mainly affects textural and pasting properties, and retrogradation mainly depends on gelatinization (ΔHg and Tc) rather than AAC. This study provides guidance for the processing and application of these starches.
Inflammation‐modulating nanoparticles for pneumonia therapy
Authors: Muhammad Wali , Zhai Zihe , Wang Shuqin , Gao Changyou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPneumonia is a common but serious infectious disease, and is the sixth leading cause for death. The foreign pathogens such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria establish an inflammation response after interaction with lung, leading to the filling of bronchioles and alveoli with fluids. Although the pharmacotherapies have shown their great effectiveness to combat pathogens, advanced methods are under developing to treat complicated cases such as virus‐infection and lung inflammation or acute lung injury (ALI). The inflammation modulation nanoparticles (NPs) can effectively suppress immune cells and inhibit inflammatory molecules in the lung site, and thereby alleviate pneumonia and ALI. In this review, the pathological inflammatory microenvironments in pneumonia, which are instructive for the design of biomaterials therapy, are summarized. The focus is then paid to the inflammation‐modulating NPs that modulate the inflammatory cells, cytokines and chemokines, and microenvironments of pneumonia for better therapeutic effects.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Respiratory Disease
Confronting SO(10) GUTs with proton decay and gravitational waves
Authors: King Stephen F. , Pascoli Silvia , Turner Jessica , Zhou Ye-Ling 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Grand Unified Theories (GUT) predict proton decay as well as the formation of cosmic strings which can generate gravitational waves. We determine which non-supersymmetric SO(10) breaking chains provide gauge unification in addition to a gravitational signal from cosmic strings. We calculate the GUT and intermediate scales for these SO(10) breaking chains by solving the renormalisation group equations at the two-loop level. This analysis predicts the GUT scale, hence the proton lifetime, in addition to the scale of cosmic string generation and thus the associated gravitational wave signal. We determine which SO(10) breaking chains survive in the event of the null results of the next generation of gravitational waves and proton decay searches and determine the correlations between proton decay and gravitational waves scales if these observables are measured.
The single copy of the gravitational holonomy
Authors: Alawadhi Rashid , Berman David S. , White Chris D. , Wikeley Sam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The double copy is a well-established relationship between gravity and gauge theories. It relates perturbative scattering amplitudes as well as classical solutions, and recently there has been mounting evidence that it also applies to non-perturbative information. In this paper, we consider the holonomy properties of manifolds in gravity and prescribe a single copy of gravitational holonomy that differs from the holonomy in gauge theory. We discuss specific cases and give examples where the single copy holonomy group is reduced. Our results may prove useful in extending the classical double copy. We also clarify previous misconceptions in the literature regarding gravitational Wilson lines and holonomy.
Fermion singlet dark matter in a pseudoscalar dark matter portal
Authors: Sáez Bastián Díaz , Escalona Patricio , Norero Sebastián , Zerwekh Alfonso 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We explore a simple extension to the Standard Model containing two gauge singlets: a Dirac fermion and a real pseudoscalar. In some regions of the parameter space both singlets are stable without the necessity of additional symmetries, then becoming a possible two-component dark matter model. We study the relic abundance production via freeze-out, with the latter determined by annihilations, conversions and semi-annihilations. Experimental constraints from invisible Higgs decay, dark matter relic abundance and direct/indirect detection are studied. We found three viable regions of the parameter space, and the model is sensitive to indirect searches.
Muon g − 2 anomaly and neutrino magnetic moments
Authors: Babu K. S. , Jana Sudip , Lindner Manfred , P. K. Vishnu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We show that a unified framework based on an SU(2)H horizontal symmetry which generates a naturally large neutrino transition magnetic moment and explains the XENON1T electron recoil excess also predicts a positive shift in the muon anomalous magnetic moment. This shift is of the right magnitude to be consistent with the Brookhaven measurement as well as the recent Fermilab measurement of the muon g − 2. A relatively light neutral scalar from a Higgs doublet with mass near 100 GeV contributes to muon g − 2, while its charged partner induces the neutrino magnetic moment. In contrast to other multi-scalar theories, in the model presented here there is no freedom to control the sign and strength of the muon g − 2 contribution. We analyze the collider tests of this framework and find that the HL-LHC can probe the entire parameter space of these models.