bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simplified isolation technique for atherosclerotic aortic arch aneurysms surgery
Authors: Kikuchi Yuta , Kikuchi Yoichi , Kamiya Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The isolation technique is a useful adjunct that prevents atherosclerotic embolism in the brain when the aneurysm is filled with a massive hematoma or ‘shaggy aorta’. But the technique is not widespread because of the difficulty in performing the cannulation. We modified this technique by simplifying the cannulation procedure using a puncture method with aortic root cannulas.
Rotational excitation of highly excited H2O by H2
Authors: Żóltowski Michal , Lique François , Karska Agata , Żuchowski Piotr S 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Water is a key molecule for interstellar chemistry. Observations with Herschel telescope show significant population of very high rotational transitions (j ≳ 8) in young stellar objects, indicating significant amounts of water in hot (T ≳ 1500 K) and dense (n ≳ 106 cm−3) gas. Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) modelling of these observations requires the knowledge of the collisional and radiative properties of highly excited water at high temperature. The aim of this work is to calculate a new set of excitation rate coefficients for both para- and ortho-H2O induced by collisions with H2 for energy levels up to j = 17. Quantum scattering calculations were performed using a reduced dimensional approach and the coupled states approximation. Rate coefficients were obtained for 97 pure rotational energy levels of both para- and ortho-H2O and for temperatures up to 2000 K. With the forthcoming launch of the James Webb Space Telescope, these new collisional data will allow us to gain more insight into the physical conditions in star- and planet-forming regions.
Impact of photochemical hazes and gases on exoplanet atmospheric thermal structure
Authors: Lavvas P , Arfaux A 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate the impact of photochemical hazes and disequilibrium gases on the thermal structure of hot Jupiters, using a detailed 1D radiative-convective model. We find that the inclusion of photochemical hazes results in major heating of the upper and cooling of the lower atmosphere. Sulphur containing species, such as SH, S2, and S3, provide significant opacity in the middle atmosphere and lead to local heating near 1 mbar, while OH, CH, NH, and CN radicals produced by the photochemistry affect the thermal structure near 1 $\mu$bar. Furthermore, we show that the modifications on the thermal structure from photochemical gases and hazes can have important ramifications for the interpretation of transit observations. Specifically, our study for the hazy HD 189733 b shows that the hotter upper atmosphere resulting from the inclusion of photochemical haze opacity imposes an expansion of the atmosphere, thus a steeper transit signature in the ultraviolet–visible part of the spectrum. In addition, the temperature changes in the photosphere also affect the secondary eclipse spectrum. For HD 209458 b, we find that a small haze opacity could be present in this atmosphere, at pressures below 1 mbar, which could be a result of both photochemical hazes and condensates. Our results motivate the inclusion of radiative feedback from photochemical hazes in general circulation models for a proper evaluation of atmospheric dynamics.
The former companion of hyper-velocity star S5-HVS1
Authors: Lu Wenbin , Fuller Jim , Raveh Yael , Perets Hagai B , Li Ting S , Hosek Matthew W , Do Tuan 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The hyper-velocity star S5-HVS1, ejected 5 Myr ago from the Galactic Centre at 1800 km s−1, was most likely produced by tidal break-up of a tight binary by the supermassive black hole SgrA*. Taking a Monte Carlo approach, we show that the former companion of S5-HVS1 was likely a main-sequence star between 1.2 and 6 M⊙ and was captured into a highly eccentric orbit with pericentre distance in the range of 1–10 au and semimajor axis about 103 au. We then explore the fate of the captured star. We find that the heat deposited by tidally excited stellar oscillation modes leads to runaway disruption if the pericentre distance is smaller than about $3\rm \, au$. Over the past 5 Myr, its angular momentum has been significantly modified by orbital relaxation, which may stochastically drive the pericentre inwards below $3\rm \, au$ and cause tidal disruption. We find an overall survival probability in the range 5 per cent to 50 per cent, depending on the local relaxation time in the close environment of the captured star, and the initial pericentre at capture. The pericentre distance of the surviving star has migrated to 10–100 au, making it potentially the most extreme member of the S-star cluster. From the ejection rate of S5-HVS1-like stars, we estimate that there may currently be a few stars in such highly eccentric orbits. They should be detectable (typically $K_{\rm s}\lesssim 18.5\,$ mag) by the GRAVITY instrument and by future Extremely Large Telescopes and hence provide an extraordinary probe of the spin of SgrA*.
Synchronized periodic maser flares of multiple OH and CH3OH lines in G323.459–0.079
Authors: MacLeod G C , Smits Derck P , Green J A , van den Heever S P 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The first confirmed periodically varying 6.031 and 6.035 GHz hydroxyl masers are reported here. They vary contemporaneously with the 6.7 GHz methanol masers in G323.459–0.079. The 1.665 GHz hydroxyl and 12.2  GHz methanol masers associated with G323.459–0.079 are also periodic. Evidence for periodicity is seen in all features in all transitions save a single 1.665 GHz hydroxyl maser feature. Historical excited-state hydroxyl maser observations set a stricter upper limit on the epoch in which a significant accretion event occurred. The associated burst in 6.7 GHz methanol maser activity has subsided significantly while the hydroxyl transitions are brightening possibly the result of changing physical conditions in the masing cloudlets. Time lags in methanol are confirmed and may be the result of the periodic flaring propagating outward from the central region of maser activity. A possible magnetic field reversal occurred during the accretion event.
Correlations between γ-ray luminosity and magnetization of the jet as well as relativistic electron injection power: cases for Mrk 421, 3C 454.3 and 3C 279
Authors: Hu Wen , Yan Dahai , Hu Qianglin 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBy fitting high-quality and simultaneous multiwavelength spectral energy distributions at multiple epochs with a one-zone leptonic jet model, we study the jet properties of three famous blazars: Mrk 421, 3C 454.3 and 3C 279. In the jet model, the emitting electron energy distributions are calculated by solving the kinetic equations of electron injection, escape, adiabatic and radiative energy losses. To explore multidimensional parameter space systematically, we employ a Markov chain Monte Carlo fitting technique. The properties of the emission regions we have derived here are consistent with those in previous studies, for example, the particle-dominated and low-magnetization jet. The new finding is that there is a tight correlation between γ-ray luminosity and electron injection power and an anticorrelation between γ-ray luminosity and the jet magnetization parameter. The results suggest that the same energy-dissipative mechanism (such as a shock) could be operating in the jets of different types of blazars, and that the origin of γ-ray flares is associated with the particle acceleration process.
Targeted-antibacterial-plasmids (TAPs) combining conjugation and CRISPR/Cas systems achieve strain-specific antibacterial activity
Authors: Reuter Audrey , Hilpert Cécile , Dedieu-Berne Annick , Lematre Sophie , Gueguen Erwan , Launay Guillaume , Bigot Sarah , Lesterlin Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe global emergence of drug-resistant bacteria leads to the loss of efficacy of our antibiotics arsenal and severely limits the success of currently available treatments. Here, we developed an innovative strategy based on targeted-antibacterial-plasmids (TAPs) that use bacterial conjugation to deliver CRISPR/Cas systems exerting a strain-specific antibacterial activity. TAPs are highly versatile as they can be directed against any specific genomic or plasmid DNA using the custom algorithm (CSTB) that identifies appropriate targeting spacer sequences. We demonstrate the ability of TAPs to induce strain-selective killing by introducing lethal double strand breaks (DSBs) into the targeted genomes. TAPs directed against a plasmid-born carbapenem resistance gene efficiently resensitise the strain to the drug. This work represents an essential step toward the development of an alternative to antibiotic treatments, which could be used for in situ microbiota modification to eradicate targeted resistant and/or pathogenic bacteria without affecting other non-targeted bacterial species.
Enhanced brain delivery and therapeutic activity of trastuzumab after blood-brain barrier opening by NEO100 in mouse models of brain-metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Wang Weijun , He Haiping , Marín-Ramos Nagore I , Zeng Shan , Swenson Steven D , Cho Hee-Yeon , Fu Jie , Beringer Paul M , Neman Josh , Chen Ligang , Schönthal Axel H , Chen Thomas C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
The antitumor efficacy of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies, such as humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin®, Roche), in patients with breast-to-brain cancer metastasis is hindered by the low permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). NEO100 is a high-purity version of the natural monoterpene perillyl alcohol, produced under current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) regulations, that was shown previously to reversibly open the BBB in rodent models. Here we investigated whether NEO100 could enable brain entry of trastuzumab to achieve greater therapeutic activity.

Methods
An in vitro BBB, consisting of human astrocytes and brain endothelial cells, was used to determine trastuzumab penetration in the presence or absence of NEO100. For in vivo studies, we administered intravenous (IV) trastuzumab or the trastuzumab-drug conjugate ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1; Kadcyla®, Roche), to mouse models harboring intracranial HER2+ breast cancer, with or without BBB opening via IA NEO100. Brain and tumor tissues were examined for the presence of trastuzumab and infiltration of immune cells. Therapeutic impact was evaluated based on overall survival.

Results
NEO100 greatly increased trastuzumab penetration across an in vitro BBB. In vivo, IA NEO100-mediated BBB opening resulted in brain tumor-selective accumulation of trastuzumab, without detectable presence in normal brain tissue, along with increased presence of immune cell populations. IV delivery of trastuzumab or T-DM1 achieved significantly greater overall survival of tumor-bearing mice when combined with IA NEO100.

Conclusion
IA NEO100 facilitates brain tumor entry of trastuzumab and T-DM1 and significantly enhances their therapeutic efficacy, along with increased antibody-dependent immune cell recruitment.
Antistaphylococcal Penicillin vs Cefazolin for the Treatment of Methicillin-SusceptibleStaphylococcus aureusSpinal Epidural Abscesses
Authors: Corsini Campioli Cristina , Go John Raymond , Abu Saleh Omar , Challener Douglas , Yetmar Zachary , Osmon Douglas R 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCefazolin is commonly used as an alternative to antistaphylococcal penicillins (ASPs) in treating methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections; however, no study has compared these agents in MSSA spinal epidural abscess (SEA). We describe our experience in managing MSSA SEA and compare the clinical efficacy of cefazolin with ASPs. This retrospective multicenter study reviewed 79 adult patients diagnosed with SEA between January 2006 and July 2020 using data collected from electronic health records and clinical microbiology laboratory databases. Forty-five patients received cefazolin, while 34 received ASPs. The total antibiotic duration was longer in the ASPs group but not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in treatment failure at week 6 vs week 12, 30-day vs overall mortality, or in 90-day recurrence rates between the treatment groups. Cefazolin was equally as effective as ASPs, and our findings suggest that it can be an alternative to ASPs in the treatment of MSSA SEA.
Cutaneous Findings in SARS-CoV-2-Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Disease in Children
Authors: Blatz Allison M , Oboite Michelle , Chiotos Kathleen , Castelo-Soccio Leslie , Odom John Audrey R ,   Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia MIS-C Research Collaborative, Bassiri Hamid , Behrens Edward M , Diorio Caroline , Fitzgerald Julie C , Giglia Therese , Lambert Michele , Petrosa Whitney , Teachey David T , Vella Laura A , Witmer Char 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Rash is a common feature of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a postinfectious hyperinflammatory disease associated with prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Because the differential diagnosis of fever and rash in children is broad, understanding clinical characteristics of MIS-C may assist with diagnosis. Here we describe the cutaneous findings observed in a series of children with MIS-C-associated rash.
The accessibility and probability of encountering catastrophic health expenditure by Lao patients in Thai hospitals
Authors: Bodhisane Somdeth , Pongpanich Sathirakorn 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
It is common for people in Laos to use health services in Thailand and other foreign countries. This study analyzes and compares the probability of using health care services and the financial catastrophe occurring due to health service utilization in both local and Thai hospitals.
This study includes 390 respondents from Savannakhet Province, Laos. Households’ income levels play an essential role in selected locations of hospital admission. The regression model proves that lower income quintiles were more likely to use local health services, whereas the higher income households preferred Thailand’s hospital services. There is a negative relationship between income level and the probability of experiencing catastrophic health expenditure.
The National Health Insurance (NHI) is recommended to seek greater cooperation with foreign hospitals, to allow Lao patients to use NHI’s coverage as a co-payment system for specific health services not available in Lao hospitals. NHI should have to include proper-nutrition meal services in hospitals for patients to reduce the need for accompanied household members during patients’ time at hospitals. It is proven that NHI successfully enhances accessibility to local health services; in the long run, the government should expand national hospitals’ capacity, medical equipment availability and quantity of health care personnel.
COVID-19 community care in Israel—a nationwide cohort study from a large health maintenance organization
Authors: Shapiro Ben David Shirley , Cohen Daniella , Karplus Rebekah , Irony Angela , Ofer-Bialer Gili , Potasman Israel , Greenfeld Orly , Azuri Joseph , Ash Nachman 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Among the many medical challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, management of the majority of patients in community outpatient settings is crucial. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes among confirmed COVID-19 cases who were managed at three settings: two outpatient settings and one inpatient.

Methods
A retrospective database cohort study was conducted in a large Israeli Health Maintenance Organization. All COVID-19 cases diagnosed between 28 February 2020 and 20 July 2020 were included. Cases in the community settings were managed through a nationwide remote monitoring center, using preliminary telehealth triage and 24/7 virtual care. Outcome parameters included hospital admission, disease severity, need for respiratory support and mortality.

Results
About 5448 cases, aged range 0–97 years, were enrolled; 88.7% were initially managed as outpatient either at home or in designated hotels, 3.1 and 2.1% of them, respectively, later required hospitalization. The main reason for hospitalization was dyspnea; 12 were diagnosed with severe disease; 56 patients (1.3%) died, five (0.1%) of whom were initially allocated to the outpatient settings.

Conclusions
Care for appropriately selected COVID-19 patients in the community provides a safe and effective option. This can contribute to reducing the hospitalization burden, with no evidence of increased morbidity or mortality.
COVID-19: back to healthcare basics in Philippine prisons
Authors: Arambulo Hannah Kristianne Marie , Sahagun Caroline Therese , Biana Hazel T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Prisons have not escaped the effects of COVID-19. In countries where there are limited resources and spaces available, there is a need to find innovative ways to keep detainees safe and healthy. We can see various approaches such as the Irish model, which gives due importance to the establishment of contact tracing teams (CTT). In the case of Philippine prisons with high congestion rates, however, we may have to go back to certain healthcare basics to address COVID-19 transmissions.
Comparison of presentations to the emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic (COPED-C)
Authors: Kociejowski A , Hobart C , Jina R , Aberman I , Backhurst E , Beaumont A , Crompton J , Sneep R , Cantle F , Dodhia H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Concerns have been raised that patients requiring emergency care may not have accessed healthcare services during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown.

Methods
This case control study aimed to understand changes in characteristics and diagnosis of patients attending a large UK Emergency Department (ED) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March–May 2020) compared with equivalent weeks in 2019.

Results
We found a 50.7% drop in first attendances to the ED in 2020. Likelihood of attendance and admission decreased for paediatric patients and increased for patients ≥ 46 years, and for men. Likelihood of admission increased for all Black ethnic groups and for patients from the most deprived index of multiple deprivation quintiles. This shift to an older, male, more deprived patient population with greater representation of ethnic minority groups was amplified in the ‘Infections’ diagnostic category.

Conclusions
COVID-19 has dramatically impacted ED usage. Our analysis contributes to local resource planning and understanding of changes in healthcare-seeking behaviour during the pandemic. Future research to identify positive behaviour changes could help sustain a reduction in non-urgent visits in the longer term.
Cautious and gradual reopening of limited face-to-face classes in Philippine tertiary schools
Authors: Gopez Jose Ma W 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In a recent correspondence, the authors suggested that secondary schools must adhere to health protocols and national and international guidelines so that the delivery of face-to-face classes will not risk students’ and educators’ health. With this, this paper proposes that even in higher education, a well-planned execution of face-to-face classes must be done. Thus, the gradual reopening of face-to-face classes becomes a necessity in order to gain a sense of normalcy in the middle of a pandemic.
Patient perceptions of co-morbidities in inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Koduri Gouri M , Gullick Nicola J , Hayes Fiona , Dubey Shirish , Mukhtyar Chetan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
Longer life expectancy has resulted in people living with an increasing number of co-morbidities. The average individual with inflammatory arthritis has two co-morbidities, which contribute to higher mortality, poorer functional outcomes and increased health-care utilization and cost. A number of studies have investigated the prevalence of co-morbidities, whereas this study was designed to look at patient perspectives.

Methods
The study comprised two parts: a patient questionnaire and an interview. Individuals with physician-verified inflammatory arthritis along with one or more Charlson co-morbidities were invited to participate. In-depth data were obtained by interviews with 12 willing participants.

Results
One hundred and forty-six individuals were recruited; 50 (35%) had one co-morbidity, 69 (48%) had two and 25 (17%) had more than four co-morbidities. Seventy-seven individuals (53%) reported that co-morbidities affected their health as much as their arthritis, and 82 (56%) reported dependence on others for activities of daily living. Lack of education was highlighted by 106 (73%) participants. Qualitative data provided further support for the challenges, with participants highlighting the lack of time to discuss complex or multiple problems, with no-one coordinating their care. This, in turn, led to polypharmacy and insufficient discussion around drug and disease interactions, complications and self-help measures.

Conclusion
This study highlights the challenges for individuals with inflammatory arthritis who suffer with multiple co-morbidities. The challenges result from limited resources or support within the current health-care environments. Individuals highlighted the poor quality of life, which is multifactorial, and the need for better educational strategies and coordination of care to improve outcomes.
Production performance of cows raised with different postweaning growth patterns
Authors: Freetly Harvey C , Cushman Robert A , Bennett Gary L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The period of heifer development is a relatively small fraction of a cow’s life; however, her pattern of growth may have permanent effects on her productivity as a cow. We hypothesized that altering the growth pattern during the peri-pubertal period would increase life-time productivity across genetic types of Bos taurus cows. The objective was to determine the stayability, calf production, and weight of calf weaned across six calf crops. Heifers (n = 685) were placed on one of two developmental programs at 256 ± 1 d of age. Control heifers received a diet that provided 228 kcal ME·(body weight [BW], kg) −0.75 daily, and stair-step heifers were allocated 157 kcal ME·(BW, kg)−0.75 daily for 84 or 85 d, and then the daily allocation was increased to 277 kcal ME·(BW, kg)−0.75. Stair-step heifers (0.33 ± 0.02 kg/d) had a lower average daily gain (ADG) than control heifers (0.78 ± 0.02 kg/d; P &lt; 0.001) during Period 1, and stair-step heifers (0.93 ± 0.03 kg/d) had a greater ADG than controls (0.70 ± 0.03 kg/d; P &lt; 0.001) during Period 2. There were no treatment (P = 0.28) or breed type differences (P = 0.42) for the proportion of cows weaning a calf; however, the proportion of cows weaning a calf decreased with cow age (P &lt; 0.001). Calves from stair-step dams had heavier weaning weights (193 ± 1 kg) compared to control calves (191 ± 1 kg; P = 0.007). There was not a treatment (P = 0.25) or breed type differences in cumulative BW weaned (P = 0.59). A diverse genetic population of cattle within B. taurus was tested and responses in calf production did not differ between stair-step growth pattern and a more constant nonobese growth pattern.