bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Group Consultation Prior to Surgery for Colorectal Cancer—an Explorative Study of a New Patient Education Method
Authors: Walming Sofie , Angenete Eva , Bock David , Block Mattias , de la Croix Hanna , Wedin Anette , Haglind Eva 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Patients with colorectal cancer may lack information about the disease and treatment. In 2017, a group consultation before start of surgery was introduced at a university hospital in western Sweden to inform about the disease, treatment, and ongoing scientific studies. The primary aim of this study was to explore the experience of the patients attending the group consultation. Based on semi-structured interviews with patients with colorectal cancer, a questionnaire was constructed and administered to patients, both those attending and those not attending the group consultation. In total, 124 patients were included and the response rate was 86%. A majority of patients attending the group consultation would recommend it to someone else with the same illness. Of the patients attending the group consultation, 81% (30/37) patients agreed, fully or partially, that attending the group consultation had increased their sense of control and 89% (33/37) that the information they received at the group consultation increased their feeling of participation in the treatment. Preoperative group consultation is a feasible modality for informing and discussing the upcoming treatment for colorectal cancer with the patients, and the patients who attended the group setting appreciated it. Attending the group consultation increased the patients’ feeling of active participation in their treatment and their sense of control, which could possibly both improve their experience of their illness and facilitate recovery.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier
NCT03888313
‘You will build me’: fiscal disobedience, reciprocity and the dangerous negotiations of redistribution on Nairobi'smatatu
Authors: Ference Meghan E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThose who populate the productive frontiers of capitalism are often targets of violence by groups and institutions aiming to poach, control and regulate their economic practices. This article draws on years of ethnographic research conducted with informal transport operators in Nairobi who drive, conduct and own the minibus taxis calledmatatu. In order to navigate the city, this workforce engages in a coordinated but tense economic dance along the dangerous and shifting lines between illegality, work and reciprocity. The article aims to situate the more dangerous and morally ambiguous aspects of the ‘hustle economy’ ethnographically, within the generative and ultimately mobile location of urban transportation infrastructures of thematatusector. Building on the conceptualizations of social infrastructure of AbdouMaliq Simone and Janet Roitman's study of fiscal disobedience, whereby the legitimacy of regulatory authority is questioned and undermined,matatuworkers as infrastructure challenge multiple levels of state and non-state regulation through a variety of practices that blend danger, violence and control with solidarity, reciprocity and redistribution. This article evaluates and analyses distinctive features of ‘hustling’ in Nairobi through the ethnographic lens ofmatatutransportation operators as they navigate dangerous negotiations with the state, the police and vigilante gangs.
Rhythms of the unemployed: making art and making do through spoken word in Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Unseld Frederik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractYoung people from the low-income settlements in Kenya's third-largest city, Kisumu, struggling with unemployment refer to their efforts to generate a livelihood as ‘hustling’. At the same time, many of them put art (dance, music, poetry) at the centre of their lives. This article attempts to account for the significant popularity of the arts among Kisumu's youth. It understands the ‘way of the artist’ as an alternative interpretation of work and a framework in which people situate their experiences of unemployment, waiting and insecure work. To examine this framework in action, the article follows Janabii, a poet who has been at the centre of attempts to establish a spoken word scene in Kisumu. Janabii has spent several years in limbo, oscillating between glittering performances and a more discreet daily life, marked by functional homelessness and a refusal to surrender to the violence of Kenya's informal world of work. The article contributes to recent studies about hustling by combining an ethnography of a week in Janabii's life with a literary analysis of excerpts from one of his poems, in order to elucidate how his struggles to get by are narrated and stylized through a spoken word, artistic imaginary that interrelates with his everyday life.
LANDMARK EMPIRES: SEARCHING FOR MEDIEVAL EMPIRES AND IMPERIAL TRADITION IN HISTORIOGRAPHIES OF WEST AFRICA
Authors: Collet Hadrien 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe history of medieval West Africa is defined by the age of three great empires that succeeded one another: Ghāna, Māli, and Songhay. How did these empires come to frame our view of the West African past? To answer the question, we have to understand first how the European and Eurocentric concept of an empire was imposed on a specific African context and why it thrived. In this respect, the case of Sudanic empires in particular illuminates the process of history writing and scholars’ relationship with their time and object of study. In the last few years, Sudanic empires have made a prominent return to the historical conversation. I propose here a critical reflection on ‘empire’ and ‘imperial tradition’ in the western Sahel based on europhone and non-europhone (Arabic) historiographies, from the first histories written in postmedieval West Africa to those produced by twenty-first-century scholarship.
“The Farcical Tragedies of King Richard III”: The Nineteenth-Century Burlesques
Authors: Caputo Nicoletta 
Published: January 2021

Unlike other Shakespearean tragedies,King Richard IIIwas never turned into a comedy through the insertion of a happy ending. It did, however, undergo a transformation of dramatic genre, as the numerousRichard IIIburlesques and travesties produced in the nineteenth century plainly show. Eight burlesques (or nine, including a pantomime) were written for and/or performed on the London stage alone. This essay looks at three of these plays, produced at three distinct stages in the history of burlesque's rapid rise and decline: 1823, 1844, and 1868. In focusing on these productions, I demonstrate how Shakespeare burlesques, paradoxically, enhanced rather than endangered the playwright's iconic status.King Richard IIIis a perfect case study because of its peculiar stage history. As Richard Schoch has argued, the burlesque purported to be “an act of theatrical reform which aggressively compensated for the deficiencies of other people'sproductions. . . . [It] claimed to perform not Shakespeare's debasement, but the ironic restoration of his compromised authority.” But this view of the burlesques’ importance is incomplete. Building on Schoch's work, I illustrate how theKing Richard IIIburlesques not only parodied deficient theatricalproductionsbut also called into question dramaticadaptationsof Shakespeare's plays. In so doing, these burlesques paradoxicallyrelegitimizedShakespeare.
Specimens of opportunity provide vital information for research and conservation regarding elusive whale species
Authors: Smith Kerri J. , Mead James G. , Peterson Markus J. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryElusive species are challenging to study and conserve because basic elements of their biology may be unknown. Specimens of opportunity provide a means of collecting information on these species and may be critical for elusive species’ conservation. We used snowball sampling to identify Sowerby’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens) specimens in museums and research institutions. Snowball sampling proved highly effective: we located 180 specimens from 24 institutions in North America and Europe, 62 of which were not listed in online collections databases, resulting in the largest collated dataset for this species. Analysis of these data resulted in several new findings for this species, including significant morphological variation between specimens from different collection regions, suggesting the presence of previously unidentified population structuring in this species. These data provide critical information regarding this species and demonstrate the effectiveness of specimens of opportunity for elusive species research and conservation. We recommend other researchers consider snowball sampling when designing research projects utilizing specimens of opportunity. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of snowball sampling and specimens of opportunity to elusive species research and conservation, and the methods of our study can be readily adapted for other species.
Inseminating dose for the artificial fertilization of Brycon amazonicus (Teleostei: Characidae)
Authors: Oliveira Rosilane Gomes de Souza de , Villacorta-Correa Marle Angélica 
Published: January 2021

SummaryKnowledge of the sperm–oocyte ratio in fish fertilization serves as the basis for studies on artificial reproduction and gamete manipulation. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum insemination dose for Brycon amazonicus oocyte fertilization. Female and male gametes were used and tested with the following doses of spermatozoa oocyte–1 ml–1: 10,000, 20,000, 40,000, 60,000 and 80,000 (in triplicate). Fertilization rates were calculated and estimated from the regression equation by applying the segmented regression model ‘Linear Response Plateau’ to determine the appropriate proportion of gametes. Based on the equation Ŷ = 14.3415 + 0.0007836X, the fertilization rate increased up to 63.34% as it reached a plateau with a proportion of 62,524 spermatozoa oocyte–1 ml–1, which is the minimum insemination dose recommended for artificial insemination of the species.
Autologous vascularised pericardial flap tunneling technique in Scimitar syndrome repair with dextrocardia: lessons from the Senning procedure
Authors: Poncelet Alain J. , Carbonez Karlien , Rubay Jean E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractScimitar syndrome is a rare variant (5%) of partial abnormal pulmonary venous return. Surgery is required when pulmonary overcirculation is present. Following repair, Scimitar vein stenosis occurs in approximately 20%. We applied a variant of the atrial switch technique using autologous pericardial flap in a patient with Scimitar syndrome and dextrocardia. This tunneling technique allowed tension-free anastomosis and minimal Scimitar vein rotation.
A Hysteretic Model Considering Contact Angle Hysteresis for Fitting Soil‐Water Characteristic Curves
Authors: Fu Y. P. , Liao H. J. , Chai X. Q. , Li Y. , Lv L. L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe soil‐water characteristic curve (SWCC) plays an essential role in the analysis of the shear strength, deformation, hydraulic conductivity, and aqueous diffusion of unsaturated soils. A review of methods proposed for fitting the main SWCCs is presented. The methods can be categorized into three groups, namely, (i) empirical methods, (ii) domain methods, and (iii) theoretical methods. A hysteretic model considering the contact angle hysteresis is proposed for fitting the main SWCCs based on a theoretical method. The model links the physical quantities at the micro‐and macro‐scale. Specifically, a modified expression describing the relationship between the volume of the liquid bridge and the water content is derived, and the contact angle hysteresis behavior is modeled based on the study of total thermodynamic potential energy. The model has a clear physical meaning, and the parameters can be obtained easily. Comparisons of the model simulation and experimental data show that the proposed model accurately captures the main features of the SWCC and describes the nonlinear relationship between the matric suction and the water content during wetting and drying processes.
Significant Land Contributions to Interannual Predictability of East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall
Authors: Shi Pengfei , Lu Hui , Leung L. Ruby , He Yujun , Wang Bin , Yang Kun , Yu Le , Liu Li , Huang Wenyu , Xu Shiming , Liu Juanjuan , Huang Xiaomeng , Li Lijuan , Lin Yanluan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMarked by large interannual variability, East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) rainfall has profound socio‐economic impacts through its dominant influence on floods and droughts. Improving predictions of the interannual variations of EASM rainfall has important implications for over 20% of the world's population. While coupled modeling systems have demonstrated some prediction skill related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation with remote influence on EASM rainfall, the impact of soil moisture has heretofore not been systematically investigated. Using a weakly coupled data assimilation (WCDA) system to constrain the soil moisture and soil temperature in a coupled climate model with a global land data assimilation product, this study demonstrates significant improvements in simulating the interannual variations of EASM rainfall, capturing the notable shift to a “wetter‐South‐drier‐North” rainfall pattern in China in the early 1990s. Hindcast simulations initialized with the well‐balanced states from a coupled simulation with WCDA also show significant multi‐year rainfall prediction skill over East China and Tibetan Plateau. Improvements in predicting the EASM rainfall are attributed to the strong land‐atmosphere coupling in large areas over China, which allows improved predictions of soil moisture to influence precipitation through soil moisture‐precipitation feedback, and the effects of land anomalies on the EASM circulation. This study highlights the significant contribution of land to the interannual predictability of EASM rainfall, with a great potential to advance skillful interannual predictions of benefit to the large populations influenced by the annual whiplash of the summer monsoon rain.
Intraplate Seasonal Seismicity in the Northern Rocky Mountains of Montana and Idaho
Authors: Perry M. , Bendick R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHydrologic processes have been shown to influence seismic productivity in many regions around the world, especially on active plate boundaries. To examine the influence of hydrologic loading cycles on seismicity in intraplate regions, we investigate temporal patterns of seismic productivity in the northern Rocky Mountains of Montana and Idaho. Seasonal variations in seismicity are present, with enhanced productivity in December and January, and reduced productivity in June and July. Using Snowpack Telemetry and GPS data, we find that seismicity is temporally correlated with the highest hydrologic loading rates rather than peak load, consistent with rate and state models of fault behavior for faults in critically stressed domains. However, we cannot distinguish between high hydrologic stress rates and pore pressure increases at seismogenic depths lagging ∼6 months after peak snowmelt.
Does Lower‐Stratospheric Shear Influence the Mesoscale Organization of Convection?
Authors: Lane Todd P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOrganized mesoscale convection is important for many atmospheric phenomena and hazards, however the understanding of its governing mechanisms is incomplete. Theories explaining mesoscale organization rely on the interaction between convection outflows and lower‐tropospheric wind shear. Here a new mechanism is presented, where lower‐stratospheric wind shear is shown to influence mesoscale organization. The mechanism is linked to coupling between convection and gravity waves, with the stratosphere playing a role in shaping the tropospheric wave spectrum. The key result is that lower‐stratospheric shear creates a preference for organized systems propagating in the same direction as the shear vector by weakening the systems propagating in the opposite direction to the shear. This result has important implications for stratosphere‐troposphere interactions, numerical modeling, and understanding of convective organization in general.
Magnetotail Configuration Under Northward IMF Conditions
Authors: Li Wenhui , Wu Leyuan , Ge Yasong , Lü Lian‐Zhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to the sparsity of space probes, it is still not clear on how the magnetic structure of the magnetotail looks like and how it evolves when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) directs northward. This simulation study uses two different global magnetosphere magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) models to simulate two northward IMF events and study the evolution of the magnetotail. Both models show that the magnetotail may form a structure that is composed of a dawnside tail lobe and a duskside tail lobe, under northward IMF conditions with significant By, instead of a northern tail lobe and a southern tail lobe under southward IMF conditions. In this magnetic configuration, a tail lobe extends a domain from northern (southern) cusp to southern (northern) IMF. The larger the magnitude of IMF clock angle, the longer and wider the magnetotail. Such magnetic configuration suggests that magnetotail reconnection is possible to occur when the dawnside tail lobe contacts with the duskside tail lobe and thus a substorm is also possible to occur under northward IMF conditions with significant By.
Flux Transfer Events at a Reconnection‐Suppressed Magnetopause: Cassini Observations at Saturn
Authors: Jasinski Jamie M. , Akhavan‐Tafti Mojtaba , Sun Weijie , Slavin James A. , Coates Andrew J. , Fuselier Stephen A. , Sergis Nick , Murphy Neil 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present the discovery of seven new flux transfer events (FTEs) at Saturn's dayside magnetopause by the Cassini spacecraft and analyze the observations of all eight known FTEs. We investigate how FTEs may differ at Saturn where the magnetopause conditions are likely to diamagnetically suppress magnetic reconnection from occurring. The measured ion‐scale FTEs have diameters close to or above the ion inertial length di∼1–27 (median and mean values of 5 and 8), considerably lower than typical FTEs found at Earth. The FTEs magnetic flux contents are 4–461 kWb (median and mean values of 16 and 77 kWb), considerably smaller (<0.1%) than average flux opened during magnetopause compression events at Saturn. This is in contrast to Earth and Mercury where FTEs contribute significantly to magnetospheric flux transfer. FTEs therefore represent a negligible proportion of the amount of open magnetic flux transferred at Saturn. Due to the likely suppression of the two main growth‐mechanisms for FTEs (continuous multiple x‐line reconnection and FTE coalescence), we conclude that adiabatic expansion is the likely (if any) candidate to grow the size of FTEs at Saturn. Electron energization is observed inside the FTEs, due to either Fermi acceleration or parallel electric fields. Due to diamagnetic suppression of reconnection at Saturn's magnetopause, we suggest that the typical size of FTEs at Saturn is most likely very small, and that there may be more di∼1 FTEs present in the Cassini magnetometer data that have not been identified due to their brief and unremarkable magnetic signatures.
Pore Pressure Regime and Fluid Flow Processes in the Shallow Nankai Trough Subduction Zone Based on Experimental and Modeling Results from IODP Site C0023
Authors: Zhang Junli , Hüpers Andre , Kreiter Stefan , Kopf Achim J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPore fluid pressure is a critical parameter controlling the dynamics of subduction zones and related geological hazards, but quantitative constraints on pore pressure are sparse. Here we provide robust estimates of pore pressure in the shallow Nankai Trough subduction zone based on consolidation experiments and numerical models. Our experimental data reveal excess pore pressures with nearly constant ratios of pore pressure to lithostatic stress for the accreted and underthrust sediments, implying the décollement is not a fluid barrier as previously inferred. Also, our research suggests repeated lithostatic pore pressure transients in the last 3 kyrs, probably associated with the propagation of the frontal thrust. The coupled pore pressure dissipation and chemical transport model results let us conclude the updip migration fluid originates from an overpressured horizon nearby, confirming the view of a heterogeneous plate boundary with overpressured and permeable patches along the fault surface that shift in time and space. The resulting high excess pore pressure leads to the shear strength of Nankai subduction thrust as low as 0.4–0.8 MPa. This provides quantitative constraints on the weakness of subduction thrusts at the toe of accretionary prisms and may explain why seismic slip can propagate all the way to the trench in some earthquakes (e.g., 2011 Tohoku event).
Depth Constraints on Coseismic Velocity Changes From Frequency‐Dependent Measurements of Repeating Earthquake Waveforms
Authors: Sheng Yixiao , Ellsworth William L. , Lellouch Ariel , Beroza Gregory C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe revisit velocity changes caused by the 2004 Parkfield earthquake through the analysis of the coda of repeating earthquakes. Our results reveal the change to be strongly frequency dependent. Low‐frequency components of the coda of repeating earthquakes are more affected by the velocity alteration than high‐frequency components. We interpret this to indicate that the coseismic velocity reduction primarily occurs at a shallow depth, and is expressed in low‐frequency energy resulting from reverberations near the Earth's surface. This can only be observed at low frequencies because the shallow crust is highly dissipative. The high‐frequency component is relatively unaffected, as it is comprised of body waves scattered throughout the crust. We support this argument with direct observations of seismic wavefields across a wide range of depths in the shallow crust, supplemented by using downhole geophones and distributed acoustic sensing measurements.
Elastogravity Waves and Dynamic Ground Motions in the Korean Peninsula Generated by the March 11, 2011MW9.0 Tohoku‐Oki Megathrust Earthquake
Authors: Hong Tae‐Kyung , Kim Ilgoo , Park Seongjun , Kil Dongwoo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe mass dislocations caused by large coseismic slips in megathrust earthquakes are large enough to produce elastogravity waves. Despite, successful identification of elastogravity‐wave development during megathrust earthquakes, the nature of ground motions and hazard potentials in regional and teleseismic distances remains unknown. The dynamic ground motions from the March 11, 2011MW9.0 Tohoku‐Oki megathrust earthquake are retrieved from broadband seismic records throughout the Korean Peninsula. The dynamic ground motions of the megathrust earthquake are dominated by low‐frequency (<0.1 Hz) energy that is a mixture of elastogravity waves and seismic waves. The peak dynamic ground displacements in the Korean Peninsula reached ∼20 cm with horizontal permanent displacements of ∼2 cm or more. Radially‐polarized elastogravity waves developed instantly at the event origin time. Very‐long‐period (<0.004 Hz) energy is a mixture of seismic waves and coseismic permanent displacements, presenting radially polarized retrograde particle motions for ∼600 s. The peak ground displacements (PGDs) and velocities for the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake are larger than those for a localMW5.4 earthquake. The peak ground motions vary azimuthally following the source radiation pattern. The tangential PGD increases with distance along continental ray paths due to the development of crustally guided waves. Large and slow dynamic ground motions cause dynamic stress changes of ∼1.8 MPa in the lithosphere of the Korean Peninsula, while the properties of the mantle are scarcely affected by slow dynamic motions. The large long‐period displacements induced by megathrust earthquakes may cause considerable long‐duration distortion on large buildings at regional and teleseismic distances. The characteristic elastogravity‐wave features may be used for detection of mass‐dislocation events.