bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vermehrung von Birnenbäumen der Sorte ‘Uta’ als Grünsteckling und Anbauverhalten im Vergleich zu Wurzelechten aus in vitro Vermehrung und auf zwei Unterlagen veredelten Bäumen unter biologischen Anbaubedingungen in Ostösterreich
Authors: Spornberger Andreas , Osterc Gregor , Schüller Elisabeth , Noll Daniela 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den Jahren 2004 bis 2006 wurden jeweils im Sommer an der Universität Ljubljana Versuche zur Bewurzelung von Grünstecklingen der Birnensorte ‘Uta’ durchgeführt. Dabei bewurzelten zwischen 6,1 und 23,8 % der Langstecklinge. Im Herbst 2007 wurden die so erhaltenen wurzelechten Bäume im Versuchszentrum der Universität für Bodenkultur in Wien gepflanzt und mit wurzelechten Bäumen der Sorte ‘Uta’ aus in vitro-Vermehrung und mit auf Kirchensaller Mostbirne (Sämling) und Fox 11 veredelten verglichen. Alle Bäume wurden als Spindel erzogen und nach Bio-Anbau-Richtlinien gepflegt. Die wurzelechten Bäume kamen später in den Ertrag als die veredelten. Nach elf Jahren wiesen die Bäume auf Sämling den stärksten Wuchs und Ertrag auf, gefolgt von den Veredelungen auf Fox 11 und den wurzelechten Bäumen aus in vitro Vermehrung. Deutlich schwächer wuchsen die wurzelecht vermehrten Grünstecklinge. Keine Unterschiede gab es beim spezifischen Ertrag, der bei allen Varianten im Bereich zwischen 1,1 und 1,2 kg/cm2 lag. Die nicht veredelten Bäume wiesen tendenziell größere Früchte als die beiden veredelten Varianten auf; speziell bei Fox 11 waren die Früchte kleiner. Wichtig bei den wurzelechten Bäumen ist die Verwendung kräftigerer Bäume bei der Pflanzung und die Durchführung einer Herbstpflanzung, um Baumausfälle in den ersten Jahren zu vermeiden.
Differences in empathy toward patients between medical and nonmedical students: an fMRI study
Authors: Kim Shin Ah , Lee Young-Mee , Hamann Stephan , Kim Sang Hee 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is growing concern about a potential decline in empathy among medical students over time. Despite the importance of empathy toward patients in medicine, it remains unclear the nature of the changes in empathy among medical students. Thus, we systematically investigated affective and cognitive empathy for patients among medical students using neuroscientific approach. Nineteen medical students who completed their fifth-year medical curriculum and 23 age- and sex-matched nonmedical students participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Inside a brain scanner, all participants read empathy-eliciting scenarios while adopting either the patient or doctor perspective. Brain activation and self-reported ratings during the experience of empathy were obtained. Behavioral results indicated that all participants reported greater emotional negativity and empathic concern in association with the patient perspective condition than with the doctor perspective condition. Functional brain imaging results indicated that neural activity in the posterior superior temporal region implicated in goal-relevant attention reorienting was overall increased under the patient perspective than the doctor perspective condition. Relative to nonmedical students, medical students showed decreased activity in the temporoparietal region implicated in mentalizing under the patient perspective versus doctor perspective condition. Notably, this same region showed increased activity under the doctor versus patient condition in medical students relative to nonmedical students. This study is among the first to investigate the neural mechanisms of empathy among medical students and the current findings point to the cognitive empathy system as the locus of the primary brain differences associated with empathy toward patients.
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation in methanogenic mixed cultures obtained from Brazilian Amazonian soil samples
Authors: Brucha Gunther , Aldas-Vargas Andrea , Ross Zacchariah , Peng Peng , Atashgahi Siavash , Smidt Hauke , Langenhoff Alette , Sutton Nora B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is the third most applied pesticide in Brazil to control broadleaf weeds in crop cultivation and pastures. Due to 2,4-D’s high mobility and long half-life under anoxic conditions, this herbicide has high probability for groundwater contamination. Bioremediation is an attractive solution for 2,4-D contaminated anoxic environments, but there is limited understanding of anaerobic 2,4-D biodegradation. In this study, methanogenic enrichment cultures were obtained from Amazonian top soil (0—40 cm) and deep soil (50 -80 cm below ground) that biotransform 2,4-D (5 µM) to 4-chlorophenol and phenol. When these cultures were transferred (10% v/v) to fresh medium containing 40 µM or 160 µM 2,4-D, the rate of 2,4-D degradation decreased, and biotransformation did not proceed beyond 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol in the top and deep soil cultures, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR of a selection of microbes revealed no significant enrichment of known organohalide-respiring bacteria. Furthermore, a member of the genusCryptanaerobacterwas identified as possibly responsible for phenol conversion to benzoate in the top soil inoculated culture. Overall, these results demonstrate the effect of 2,4-D concentration on biodegradation and microbial community composition, which are both important factors when developing pesticide bioremediation technologies.
Birth characteristics and childhood leukemia in Switzerland: a register-based case–control study
Authors: Lupatsch Judith E. , Kreis Christian , Konstantinoudis Garyfallos , Ansari Marc , Kuehni Claudia E. , Spycher Ben D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Initial genetic alterations in the development of childhood leukemia occur in utero or before conception; both genetic and environmental factors are suspected to play a role. We aimed to investigate the associations between childhood leukemia and perinatal characteristics including birth order, birth interval to older siblings, parental age, birth weight, and multiple birth.

Methods
We identified cases diagnosed between 1981 and 2015 and born in Switzerland between 1969 and 2015 from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry and randomly sampled five controls per case from national birth records matched on date of birth, sex, and municipality of residence at birth. We used conditional logistic regression to investigate associations between perinatal characteristics and leukemia at ages 0–15 and 0–4 years, and the subtypes acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Results
The study included 1,403 cases of leukemia. We observed increased risks associated with high birth weight (adjusted OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.12–1.69) and multiple birth (1.89, 1.24–2.86). These associations were similar for ALL and stronger for leukemia at ages 0–4 years. For AML, we observed an increased risk for higher birth order (3.08, 0.43–22.03 for fourth or later born children). We found no associations with other perinatal characteristics.

Conclusion
This register-based case–control study adds to the existing evidence of a positive association between high birth weight and risk of childhood leukemia. Furthermore, it suggests children from multiple births are at an increased risk of leukemia.
Predictors of calcification distribution in severe tricuspid aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Piayda Kerstin , Dannenberg Lisa , Zako Saif , Maier Oliver , Bosbach Georg , Polzin Amin , Afzal Shazia , Jung Christian , Westenfeld Ralf , Kelm Malte , Zeus Tobias , Veulemans Verena 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigated aortic valve calcification (AVC) distribution and predictors for leaflet calcification patterns in patients with severe tricuspid aortic valve stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Patients undergoing routine multi-sliced computed tomography (MSCT) for procedural planning were enrolled. MSCT data were transferred to a dedicated workstation for evaluation (3mensio Structural Heart™, Pie Medical Imaging BV, Maastricht, The Netherlands) and analyzed. Participants were separated into asymmetrical (AC) and symmetrical (SC) leaflet calcification and potential predictors for calcification distribution were identified with univariate and multivariate regression analysis. 567 Participants with severe tricuspid AS were divided into asymmetrical (AC, n = 443; 78.1%) and symmetrical (SC, n = 124; 21.9%) AVC. In AC, the non-coronary cusp was the most calcified cusp (n = 238; 57.7%). SC is more common in females (AC/SC: 49.2% vs. 67.7%; p < 0.0001). AVC was more severe in patients with AC, who also have larger aortic root dimensions. Multivariate analysis depicted, inter alia, left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) calcification < 25 Agatston units (OR 1.81 [1.09–3.00], p = 0.021), a mean pressure gradient < 36 mmHg (OR 1.77 [1.03–3.05], p = 0.039), and an annulo-apical angle > 67° (OR 1.68 [1.00–2.80], p = 0.049) as predictors for SC, although with only moderate predictive value. Data from this retrospective analysis indicate that SC occurs more frequently in females. The cumulative leaflet calcification burden is higher in patients with AC, who also present with larger aortic root dimensions. The predictive value for prominent calcification of different aortic valve cusps in AC patients was only low to moderate.Trial registration number: NCT01805739.
Consumer Perceptions and Pricing Practices for Weddings
Authors: Albers N. D. , Wren A. O. , Knotts T. L. , Chupp M. G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWeddings represent a specific consumption experience with unusual pressures (financial and emotional). Societal pressures of perfection and the experience itself, including conspicuous consumption, experience, and credence qualities, create a unique consumption and pricing environment. Study 1 provides evidence of a two-tier retail pricing approach for “regular” and “wedding” items. Study 2 suggests this phenomenon has been propagated by a tendency to attach elevated importance to wedding products. This paper documents the practice of elevated wedding pricing and offers insight into why the practice is tolerated and perpetuated.
Eight grand challenges for value sensitive design from the 2016 Lorentz workshop
Authors: Friedman Batya , Harbers Maaike , Hendry David G. , van den Hoven Jeroen , Jonker Catholijn , Logler Nick 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article, we report on eight grand challenges for value sensitive design, which were developed at a one-week workshop, Value Sensitive Design: Charting the Next Decade, Lorentz Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, November 14–18, 2016. A grand challenge is a substantial problem, opportunity, or question that motives sustained research and design activity. The eight grand challenges are: (1) Accounting for Power, (2) Evaluating Value Sensitive Design, (3) Framing and Prioritizing Values, (4) Professional and Industry Appropriation, (5) Tech policy, (6) Values and Human Emotions, (7) Value Sensitive Design and Intelligent Algorithms, and (8) Value Tensions. Each grand challenge consists of a discussion of its importance and a set of tractable key questions.
Serum N-glycan profiles differ for various breast cancer subtypes
Authors: Vreeker Gerda C. M. , Vangangelt Kiki M. H. , Bladergroen Marco R. , Nicolardi Simone , Mesker Wilma E. , Wuhrer Manfred , van der Burgt Yuri E. M , Tollenaar Rob A. E. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women. Early detection of this disease improves survival and therefore population screenings, based on mammography, are performed. However, the sensitivity of this screening modality is not optimal and new screening methods, such as blood tests, are being explored. Most of the analyses that aim for early detection focus on proteins in the bloodstream. In this study, the biomarker potential of total serum N-glycosylation analysis was explored with regard to detection of breast cancer. In an age-matched case-control setup serum protein N-glycan profiles from 145 breast cancer patients were compared to those from 171 healthy individuals. N-glycans were enzymatically released, chemically derivatized to preserve linkage-specificity of sialic acids and characterized by high resolution mass spectrometry. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate associations of specific N-glycan structures as well as N-glycosylation traits with breast cancer. In a case-control comparison three associations were found, namely a lower level of a two triantennary glycans and a higher level of one tetraantennary glycan in cancer patients. Of note, various other N-glycomic signatures that had previously been reported were not replicated in the current cohort. It was further evaluated whether the lack of replication of breast cancer N-glycomic signatures could be partly explained by the heterogenous character of the disease since the studies performed so far were based on cohorts that included diverging subtypes in different numbers. It was found that serum N-glycan profiles differed for the various cancer subtypes that were analyzed in this study.
West and East in Ashkenaz in the Time of Judah he-Ḥasid
Authors: Barzen Rainer Josef 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present study interprets and frames a long-standing question concerning Judah he-Ḥasid’s motivations in migrating to Regensburg against the social and geographical contexts of the Jews of Ashkenaz. By examining the use of Hebrew geographic terminology during the High Middle Ages (Loter, Ashkenaz, Ashkelonia), the article demonstrates that twelfth-century Jews perceived and were engaged in contemporary political and territorial processes of the surrounding kingdom. The Hebrew terms describe the cultural tripartite division of the German kingdom (Regnum Teutonicum) in Lotharingia, the five duchies of the earlier tribes (Saxony, Franconia, Thuringia, Swabia, and Bavaria), and the still Slavic territories of the East. These imperial territories were settled and Christianized by mostly German migrants from the west of the kingdom from the eleventh century onwards. Comparable developments are evident in the movement and expansion of Jewish settlement in the German Kingdom. After many Jewish communities were founded in the Ashkenazic heartlands, beginning in cities on the Rhine, Main, and the Danube, i.e., in the territories of the five duchies (Ashkenaz), Jewish settlers founded new communities and settlements in the still Slavic areas (Ashkelonia), beyond the Elbe and Saale rivers, as part of the German settlement movement. Judah he-Ḥasid’s family’s migration is part of this development. With his relocation to Regensburg, he lived on the border of the Ashkenazic heartland (Old/West Ashkenaz) and the new Ashkenazic settlement areas in Ashkelonia (New/Eastern Ashkenaz). In Regensburg he became one of the central spiritual and halakhic authorities for the communities of the eastern neighboring territories. Through his work Judah he-Ḥasid opened the way to an “Ashkenazation” of the Jewish communities in eastern Central Europe and Eastern Europe.
Global solutions of nonconvex standard quadratic programs via mixed integer linear programming reformulations
Authors: Gondzio Jacek , Yıldırım E. Alper 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA standard quadratic program is an optimization problem that consists of minimizing a (nonconvex) quadratic form over the unit simplex. We focus on reformulating a standard quadratic program as a mixed integer linear programming problem. We propose two alternative formulations. Our first formulation is based on casting a standard quadratic program as a linear program with complementarity constraints. We then employ binary variables to linearize the complementarity constraints. For the second formulation, we first derive an overestimating function of the objective function and establish its tightness at any global minimizer. We then linearize the overestimating function using binary variables and obtain our second formulation. For both formulations, we propose a set of valid inequalities. Our extensive computational results illustrate that the proposed mixed integer linear programming reformulations significantly outperform other global solution approaches. On larger instances, we usually observe improvements of several orders of magnitude.
Effect of local stiffeners and warping constraints on the buckling of symmetric open thin-walled beams with high warping stiffness
Authors: Piana G. , Lofrano E. , Carpinteri A. , Ruta G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLocal stiffeners affect the behaviour of thin-walled beams (TWBs). An in-house code based on a one-dimensional model proved effective in several instances of compressive buckling of TWBs but gave counterintuitive results for locally stiffened TWBs. To clarify the matter, we investigated TWBs with multi-symmetric double I cross-section, widely used in practical applications where high bending stiffness is required. Several samples were manufactured and stiffened on purpose, closing them over a small portion of the axis at different places. The samples were tested with end constraints accounting for various warping conditions. The experimental and numerical outputs from a commercial FEM code gave a key to overcome the unexpected results by the in-house code, paving the way for further studies.
Emotional inertia emerges after prolonged states of exhaustion: Evidences from a measurement burst study
Authors: Alessandri Guido , De Longis Evelina , Cepale Gianluca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExhaustion refers to the feeling of ongoing loss of emotional, physical and cognitive resources. The present study draws on the Conservation of Resources Theory to examine the relationship between chronic exhaustion and negative emotional inertia among 206 employees (aged between 19 and 50 years; M = 21.03; SD = 2.98), in a naturalistic setting. To this purpose, we used a measurement burst design with two intensive bursts—spaced 1 month apart—by repeatedly sampling exhaustion and negative affect with 18 daily diaries (a morning and an evening assessment each day) per burst. After controlling for potential confounders, results showed that exhaustion at Burst 1 predicted negative emotional inertia at Burst 2, and not the other way around. These findings advance the knowledge on the relationship between exhaustion and negative emotional inertia by providing further insights on the likely direction of causality between study variables, that is from exhaustion to inertia (but not vice versa). Practical implication, limitations, and directions for future research are also discussed.
Effect of ethanol and cocaine on [11C]MPC-6827 uptake in SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Damuka Naresh , Orr Miranda , Czoty Paul W. , Weiner Jeffrey L. , Martin Thomas J. , Nader Michael A. , Bansode Avinash H. , Liyana Pathirannahel Buddhika S. , Mintz Akiva , Macauley Shannon L. , Craft Suzanne , Solingapuram Sai Kiran Kumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMicrotubules (MTs) are structural units in the cytoskeleton. In brain cells they are responsible for axonal transport, information processing, and signaling mechanisms. Proper function of these processes is critical for healthy brain functions. Alcohol and substance use disorders (AUD/SUDs) affects the function and organization of MTs in the brain, making them a potential neuroimaging marker to study the resulting impairment of overall neurobehavioral and cognitive processes. Our lab reported the first brain-penetrant MT-tracking Positron Emission Tomography (PET) ligand [11C]MPC-6827 and demonstrated its in vivo utility in rodents and non-human primates. To further explore the in vivo imaging potential of [11C]MPC-6827, we need to investigate its mechanism of action. Here, we report preliminary in vitro binding results in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to ethanol (EtOH) or cocaine in combination with multiple agents that alter MT stability. EtOH and cocaine treatments increased MT stability and decreased free tubulin monomers. Our initial cell-binding assay demonstrated that [11C]MPC-6827 may have high affinity to free/unbound tubulin units. Consistent with this mechanism of action, we observed lower [11C]MPC-6827 uptake in SH-SY5Y cells after EtOH and cocaine treatments (e.g., fewer free tubulin units). We are currently performing in vivo PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies in rodent and nonhuman primate models of AUD and SUDs and Alzheimer's disease.
Phenomenal roles: a dispositional account of bodily pain
Authors: Gozzano Simone 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper I argue that bodily pain, as a phenomenal property, is an essentially and substantial dispositional property. To this end, I maintain that this property is individuated by its phenomenal roles, which can be internal -individuating the property per se- and external -determining further phenomenal or physical properties or states. I then argue that this individuation allows phenomenal roles to be organized in a necessarily asymmetrical net, thereby overcoming the circularity objection to dispositionalism. Finally, I provide reasons to argue that these roles satisfy modal fixity, as posited by Bird, and are not fundamental properties, contra Chalmers’ panpsychism. Thus, bodily pain can be considered a substantial dispositional property entrenched in non-fundamental laws of nature.
Investigation of Post-Darcy Flow in Thin Porous Media
Authors: Jouybari Nima Fallah , Lundström T. Staffan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present numerical simulations of post-Darcy flow in thin porous medium: one consisting of staggered arrangements of circular cylinders and one random distribution of cylinders bounded between walls. The simulations span a range of Reynolds numbers, 40 to 4000, where the pressure drop varies nonlinearly with the average velocity, covering nonlinear laminar flow to the fully turbulent regime. The results are compared to those obtained by replacing the bounding walls with symmetric boundaries with the aim to reveal the effect of bounding walls on microscopic characteristics and macroscopic measures, i.e., pressure drop, hydrodynamic dispersion and Reynolds stresses. We use large eddy simulation to directly calculate the Reynolds stresses and turbulent intensity. The simulations show that vortical structures emerge at the boundary between the cylinders and the bounding walls causing a difference between the microscopic flow in the confined and non-confined porous media. This affects the averaged values of pressure drop, the hydrodynamic dispersion and the Reynolds stresses. Finally, the distance between the bounding walls is altered with the particle Reynolds number kept constant. It is observed that the difference between results calculated in confined and non-confined cases increases when the bounding walls are narrower.
Gluten Adhesion and Shearing in a Contact-Based Coarse-Grained Model
Authors: Mioduszewski Łukasz , Cieplak Marek 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe study adhesion of the gluten proteins during the shear and normal deformations as described by a coarse-grained molecular dynamics. We show that the two types of deformation have a different impact on the proteins. We also calculate the dynamic shear modulus and critical strain and find the results to be consistent with the slip-bond theory which assumes that the gluten proteins can be treated as an interconnected network of polymers.
Graphical Abstract