bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
𝖲𝖾𝖺𝗅𝗂𝗇𝗀 from iterability
Authors: Sargsyan Grigor , Trang Nam 
Published: March 2021

We show that if

V
V

has a proper class of Woodin cardinals, a strong cardinal, and a generically universally Baire iteration strategy (as defined in the paper) then

S
e
a
l
i
n
g

\mathsf {Sealing}

holds after collapsing the successor of the least strong cardinal to be countable. This result is complementary to other work by the authors where it is shown that

S
e
a
l
i
n
g

\mathsf {Sealing}

holds in a generic extension of a certain minimal universe. The current theorem is more general in that no minimality assumption is needed. A corollary of the main theorem is that

S
e
a
l
i
n
g

\mathsf {Sealing}

is consistent relative to the existence of a Woodin cardinal which is a limit of Woodin cardinals. This improves significantly on the first consistency of

S
e
a
l
i
n
g

\mathsf {Sealing}

obtained by W.H. Woodin.

The

L
a
r
g
e
s
t

S
u
s
l
i
n

A
x
i
o
m

\mathsf {Largest\ Suslin\ Axiom}

(

L
S
A

\mathsf {LSA}

) is a determinacy axiom isolated by Woodin. It asserts that the largest Suslin cardinal is inaccessible for ordinal definable bijections. Let

L
S
A
-
o
v
e
r
-
u
B

\mathsf {LSA\text {-}over\text {-}uB}

be the statement that in all (set) generic extensions there is a model of

L
S
A

\mathsf {LSA}

whose Suslin, co-Suslin sets are the universally Baire sets. The other main result of the paper shows that assuming

V
V

has a proper class of inaccessible cardinals which are limit of Woodin cardinals, a strong cardinal, and a generically universally Baire iteration strategy, in the universe

V
[
g
]

V[g]

, where

g
g

is

V
V

-generic for the collapse of the successor of the least strong cardinal to be countable, the theory

L
S
A

\mathsf {LSA}

-

o
v
e
r

\mathsf {over}

-

U
B

\mathsf {UB}

fails; this implies that

L
S
A
-
o
v
e
r
-
U
B

\mathsf {LSA\text {-}over\text {-}UB}

is not equivalent to

S
e
a
l
i
n
g

\mathsf {Sealing}

(over the base theory of

V
[
g
]

V[g]

). This is interesting and somewhat unexpected, in light of other work by the authors. Compare this result with Steel’s well-known theorem that “

A
D

L
(

R

)

\mathsf {AD}^{L(\mathbb {R})}

holds in all generic extensions” is equivalent to “the theory of

L
(

R

)

L(\mathbb {R})

is sealed” in the presence of a proper class of measurable cardinals.
Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Scanning of Temporal Vessels to Assess the Safety of Filler Injections
Authors: Chen Chun-Lin , Cong Li-Yao , Kong Xiang-Xue , Zhao Wei-Rui , Hong Wei-Jin , Luo Cheng-En , Luo Sheng-Kang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Temple filler injection is one of the most common minimally invasive cosmetic procedures involving the face; however, vascular complications are not uncommon.

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the anatomy of the temporal vessels and provide a more accurate protocol for temple filler injection.

Methods
Computed tomography (CT) scans of 56 cadaveric heads injected with lead oxide were obtained. We then used Mimics software to construct 3-dimensional (3D) images of the temporal vessels described by a coordinate system based on the bilateral tragus and right lateral canthus.

Results
In the XOY plane, the superficial temporal artery (STA), middle temporal artery (MTA), zygomatico-orbital artery (ZOA), posterior branch of the deep temporal artery (PDTA), and lateral margin of the orbital rim divide the temple into 4 parts (A, B, C, and D). The probabilities of the STA, MTA, ZOA, and PDTA appearing in parts A, B, C, and D were 30.73%, 37.06%, 39.48%, and 77.18%, respectively. In 3D images, these vessels together compose an arterial network that is anastomosed with other vessels, such as the external carotid, facial, and ocular arteries.

Conclusions
3D CT images can digitally elucidate the exact positions of temporal vessels in a coordinate system, improving the safety of temple filler injections in a clinical setting.
Characterizing protein conformers by cross-linking mass spectrometry and pattern recognition
Authors: Kurt Louise U , Clasen Milan A , Santos Marlon D M , Lyra Eduardo S B , Santos Luana O , Ramos Carlos H I , Lima Diogo B , Gozzo Fabio C , Carvalho Paulo C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Chemical cross-linking coupled to mass spectrometry (XLMS) emerged as a powerful technique for studying protein structures and large-scale protein-protein interactions. Nonetheless, XLMS lacks software tailored toward dealing with multiple conformers; this scenario can lead to high-quality identifications that are mutually exclusive. This limitation hampers the applicability of XLMS in structural experiments of dynamic protein systems, where less abundant conformers of the target protein are expected in the sample.

Results
We present QUIN-XL, a software that uses unsupervised clustering to group cross-link identifications by their quantitative profile across multiple samples. QUIN-XL highlights regions of the protein or system presenting changes in its conformation when comparing different biological conditions. We demonstrate our software’s usefulness by revisiting the HSP90 protein, comparing three of its different conformers. QUIN-XL’s clusters correlate directly to known protein 3D structures of the conformers and therefore validates our software.

Availabilityand implementation
QUIN-XL and a user tutorial are freely available at http://patternlabforproteomics.org/quinxl for academic users.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Plasma Concentrations of Magnesium and Risk of Dementia: A General Population Study of 102 648 Individuals
Authors: Thomassen Jesper Qvist , Tolstrup Janne S , Nordestgaard Børge G , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLow and high concentrations of plasma magnesium are associated with increased risk of future all-cause dementia; however, the underlying reasons remain elusive. The magnesium ion is an important electrolyte serving as a cofactor in many enzymatic processes in the human organism. Magnesium affects both neuronal and vascular functions. We investigated the associations of plasma concentrations of magnesium associate with common subtypes of dementia as Alzheimer dementia and non-Alzheimer dementia, and potential pathways by which magnesium may affect risk of dementia.MethodsPlasma concentrations of magnesium were measured in 102 648 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study. Cox regression and natural effects mediation analyses evaluated associations with either Alzheimer dementia or non-Alzheimer dementia.ResultsMultifactorially adjusted hazard ratios for non-Alzheimer dementia were 1.50(95% confidence interval (CI):1.21–1.87) for the lowest and 1.34(1.07–1.69) for the highest vs the fourth quintile (reference) of plasma magnesium concentrations. Diabetes, cumulated smoking, stroke, and systolic blood pressure mediated 10.4%(3.1–22.8%), 6.8%(1.2–14.0%), 1.3%(0.1–3.6%), and 1.0%(0.2–2.6%), respectively, in the lowest quintile, whereas stroke mediated 3.2%(0.4–11.9%) in the highest quintile. No associations were observed for Alzheimer dementia.ConclusionsLow and high plasma magnesium concentrations were associated with high risk of vascular-related non-Alzheimer dementia, with the lowest risk observed at a concentration of 2.07 mg/dL (0.85 mmol/L). No association was observed for Alzheimer dementia. Mediation analysis suggested that diabetes may be in the causal pathway between low plasma magnesium concentrations and high risk of non-Alzheimer dementia, while cumulated smoking, stroke, and systolic blood pressure played minor mediating roles.
The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Mental Health and Medication Response: Parsing Directionality and Causality
Authors: Bastiaanssen Thomaz F S , Cryan John F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the role of the microbiome in various mental health disorders. Moreover, there has been a growing understanding of the importance of the microbiome in mediating both the efficacy and side effects of various medications, including psychotropics. In this issue, Tomizawa and colleagues report on the effect of psychotropic drugs on the gut microbiome of 40 patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders. In their longitudinal cohort, the authors find that antipsychotics, but not anxiolytics, decrease microbiome alpha diversity. They further find that antipsychotics dosage was negatively correlated with alpha diversity in these patients. The health consequences of these microbiome alterations remain to be fully understood. In this commentary, we will discuss such findings through the lens of several recent studies on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. We also use the paper as a backdrop to discuss directionality and, by extension, causality in relation to microbiota-gut-brain-brain signaling.
Modelling and solving the bi-objective production–transportation problem with time windows and social sustainability
Authors: Shahrabi Fatemeh , Tavakkoli-Moghaddam Reza , Triki Chefi , Pahlevani Mahsa , Rahimi Yaser 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We model and solve the production routing problem (PRP) with time windows, product deterioration and split delivery. A bi-objective PRP model for a single perishable product, which is subject to deterioration, is presented. The two objectives represent the economic and social aspects of sustainability, whereas the environmental impact is enforced by incorporating ad-hoc constraints. The economic dimension of sustainability consists of minimizing the costs related to the production, setup, holding, transportation and lateness penalty. The social responsibilities are modelled through maximizing the total freshness of the delivered products at all nodes over the planning horizon. The outcomes of our formulation are represented by the lot sizes, and the amounts of product to be delivered, as well as the routing at each planning period. To solve the resulting problem, we develop an interval robust possibilistic approach, and we carry out an experimental study and a sensitivity analysis. Finally, we further validate our optimization model and solution method using a real-life case of a food factory producing a product that is subject to perishability and deterioration.
‘Cosmopolitan Citizenship’, Territorial Borders, and Bringing Denationalized Terrorists to Justice
Authors: Seet Matthew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article challenges scholarly claims that a post-national ‘cosmopolitan citizenship’ — an expanded and less territorially bounded belonging of ‘humanity’ — has been emerging in the international criminal justice context. In examining the contemporary denationalization of terrorists from the under-explored angle of criminal justice, this article argues that states’ territorial borders prevent denationalized terrorists — deemed enemies of ‘humanity’ — from being brought to justice. Some states strip citizenship from terrorists without holding them accountable for terrorist offences and international crimes, subsequently deporting them to — or leaving them stranded in — states which are, according to international criminal law, ‘unable’ or ‘unwilling’ to prosecute. As such, states’ territorial borders serve as a ‘shield’ which not only enable denationalized terrorists to avoid accountability for their terrorist offences and international crimes, but which also enable states to avoid their international obligations to bring terrorists to justice. This case study of denationalized terrorists not only demonstrates the enduring relevance of territoriality to international criminal justice but also broadly demonstrates how post-national ‘citizenship’ remains tied to the territorial state in a globalized world.
COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scales: Factor Structure and Initial Psychometrics
Authors: Kazak Anne E , Alderfer Melissa , Enlow Paul T , Lewis Amanda M , Vega Gabriela , Barakat Lamia , Kassam-Adams Nancy , Pai Ahna , Canter Kimberly S , Hildenbrand Aimee K , McDonnell Glynnis A , Price Julia , Schultz Corinna , Sood Erica , Phan Thao-Ly 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn response to the rapidly unfolding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in spring 2020, we developed a caregiver-report measure to understand the extent to which children and families were exposed to events related to COVID-19 and their perceptions of its impact. This article reports on the factor structure and psychometric properties of this measure.MethodsThe COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scales (CEFIS) were developed by a multidisciplinary, multi-institutional team using a rapid iterative process. Data from 1805 caregivers recruited from 28 programs at 15 institutions across the United States were collected from May—September 2020. We examined the underlying structure of the CEFIS using exploratory factor analyses and its internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha).ResultsParticipants reported a range of COVID-19-related events (M = 8.71 events of 25). On the bidirectional 4-point impact scale, mean scores were mostly above the midpoint, indicating a slightly negative impact. Cronbach’s alpha was excellent for Exposure (α = .80) and Impact (α = .92). Factor analysis identified six factors for Exposure (COVID-19 experiences, Access to essentials, Disruptions to living conditions, Loss of income, Family caregiving and activities, and Designation as an essential worker). There were three factors for Impact (Personal well-being, Family interactions, and Distress).DiscussionThe CEFIS has strong factors assessing Exposure to events related to COVID-19, and the Impact of these events on families of children in pediatric healthcare. These initial validation data support use of the CEFIS for measuring the effect of the pandemic.
Xanthogranuloma of the external auditory canal—an atypical anatomical manifestation
Authors: Connell James T , Nguyen Thu , Carney Andrew S , Chong Sheldon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a proliferative cutaneous manifestation encountered in the paediatric population. Adult cases are uncommon, but have been reported. Lesions are prevalent in the head and neck region, but rarely observed in the external auditory canal. We present the case of a 39-year-old female with a rapidly progressing obstructive soft tissue lesion of the external auditory canal. Surgical excision diagnosed the lesion as a rarely observed otological manifestation of juvenile xanthogranuloma. Surgical excision was curative with no locoregional recurrence. Otolaryngologists should consider juvenile xanthogranuloma as a differential for atypical soft tissue cutaneous lesions of the head and neck, including in divergent populations.
Force majeure clauses in LNG sales and purchase agreements: how do they stand up during the Covid-19 pandemic?
Authors: Denison M J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
During the Covid-19 pandemic companies have declared force majeure on contracts across the energy value chain. LNG Sales and Purchase Agreements (SPAs) are no exception. Courts in several jurisdictions have declared Covid-19 a force majeure event. Governments have issued guidelines on managing Covid-related contract disputes. The stage is set for high-value litigation turning on the validity of force majeure clauses. The purpose of this article is to help make sense of these developments. It will review the theory and application of the law of force majeure and, through comparison of six published LNG SPAs, ‘stress test’ current force majeure provisions. The article will consider how contractual risk is presently allocated in these model contracts, what drafting modifications might be applied to improve coverage, align with current case law, better reflect the market environment, and ensure contractual stability under Covid-19 conditions. The focus is on English law, given that this is the lex fori in the majority of the published contracts.
Particle acceleration and radiation reaction in strong spherical electromagnetic waves
Authors: Pétri J 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Strongly magnetized and fast-rotating neutron stars are known to be efficient particle accelerators within their magnetosphere and wind. They are suspected to accelerate leptons, protons, and maybe ions to extreme relativistic regimes where the radiation reaction significantly feeds back to their motion. In the vicinity of neutron stars, magnetic field strengths are close to the critical value of Bc ∼ 4.4 · 109 T and particle Lorentz factors of the order γ ∼ 109 are expected. In this paper, we investigate the acceleration and radiation reaction feedback in the pulsar wind zone where a large-amplitude low-frequency electromagnetic wave is launched starting from the light cylinder. We design a semi-analytical code solving exactly the particle equation of motion including radiation reaction in the Landau–Lifshits approximation for a null-like electromagnetic wave of arbitrary strength parameter and elliptical polarization. Under conventional pulsar conditions, asymptotic Lorentz factor as high as 108−109 is reached at large distances from the neutron star. However, we demonstrate that in the wind zone, within the spherical wave approximation, radiation reaction feedback remains negligible.
The dynamical structure of broken power-law and double power-law models for dark matter haloes
Authors: Baes Maarten , Camps Peter 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Galaxy kinematics and gravitational lensing are two complementary ways to constrain the distribution of dark matter on galaxy scales. The typical dark matter density profiles adopted in dynamical studies cannot easily be adopted in lensing studies. Ideally, a mass model should be used that has the global characteristics of realistic dark matter distributions, and that allows for an analytical calculation of the magnifications and deflection angles. A simple model with these properties, the broken power-law (BPL) model, has very recently been introduced. We examine the dynamical structure of the family of BPL models. We derive simple closed expressions for basic dynamical properties, and study the distribution function under the assumption of velocity isotropy. We find that none of the BPL models with realistic parameters has an isotropic distribution function that is positive over the entire phase space, implying that the BPL models cannot be supported by an isotropic velocity distribution, or models with a more radially anisotropic orbital structure. This result limits the attractiveness of the BPL family as a tool for lensing studies to some degree. More generally, we find that not all members of the general family of double power-law or Zhao models, often used to model dark matter haloes, can be supported by an isotropic or radially anisotropic distribution function. In other words, the distribution function may become negative even for spherically symmetric models with a well-behaved density profile.
Differences in Psychosocial Factors and Experimental Pain Sensitivity Between Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Whites from the U.S.-Mexico Border
Authors: Valencia Carolina , Smiley Aaron , Giron Megan , Stacy Johnathan , Rodriguez Isaac , Umucu Emre 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Research suggests that ethnicity is a predictor of pain-related outcomes; however, studies comparing the differences in experimental pain sensitivity between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) are scarce. This study investigated these differences between Hispanics and NHW from the U.S.- Mexico border.

Methods
Fifty-eight healthy participants completed the survey packet, which included a demographic and a psychosocial factors questionnaire. Participants underwent quantitative sensory testing, which included heat pain threshold, heat pain tolerance, Suprathreshold Heat Pain Response (SHPR), and Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM). SHPR was induced by repeated thermal stimuli in both thenar eminences. CPM was assessed using SHPR as the experimental stimulus and cold pressor task as the conditioning stimulus.

Results
Analyses showed significant differences in experimental pain measures believed to be representative of facilitatory pain processing including SHPR and heat pain threshold, where Hispanics reported significantly higher pain ratings than NHW. Hispanics also reported higher levels of ethnic identity and acculturation. However, these factors were not significantly associated with experimental pain sensitivity.

Conclusion
The experimental pain sensitivity and psychosocial factors included in this study differed by ethnic group, where Hispanics reported significantly higher pain ratings, when compared with NHW. However, ethnic identity and acculturation were not associated with these pain-related outcomes. Overall, enhanced understanding by clinicians of pain sensitivity and disparities in the pain experience between ethnic groups allows for increased cultural sensitivity and can be used to optimize pain treatment on an individual-by-individual basis.
Delayed Adaptive Radiation among New Zealand Stream Fishes: Joint Estimation of Divergence Time and Trait Evolution in a Newly Delineated Island Species Flock
Authors: Thacker Christine E , Shelley James J , McCraney W Tyler , Unmack Peter J , McGee Matthew D 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdaptive radiations are generally thought to occur soon after a lineage invades a region offering high levels of ecological opportunity. However, few adaptive radiations beyond a handful of exceptional examples are known, so a comprehensive understanding of their dynamics is still lacking. Here, we present a novel case of an island species flock of freshwater fishes with a radically different tempo of adaptive history than that found in many popular evolutionary model systems. Using a phylogenomic data set combined with simultaneous Bayesian estimation of divergence times and trait-based speciation and extinction models, we show that the New Zealand Gobiomorphus gudgeons comprise a monophyletic assemblage, but surprisingly, the radiation did not fully occupy freshwater habitats and explosively speciate until more than 10 myr after the lineage invaded the islands. This shift in speciation rate was not accompanied by an acceleration in the rate of morphological evolution in the freshwater crown clade relative to the other species, but is correlated with a reduction in head pores and scales as well as an increase in egg size. Our results challenge the notion that clades always rapidly exploit ecological opportunities in the absence of competing lineages. Instead, we demonstrate that adaptive radiation can experience a slow start before undergoing accelerated diversification and that lineage and phenotypic diversification may be uncoupled in young radiations. [Adaptive radiation; Eleotridae; freshwater; Gobiomorphus; New Zealand.]