bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fertility Preservation
Authors: Sullivan-Pyke Chantae S , Gracia Clarisa 
Published: January 2021

Fertility preservation has becoming increasingly important for patients at risk for gonadal failure, including those needing treatment for cancer or autoimmune conditions, genetic conditions that predispose to gonadal insufficiency, and age-related fertility decline. Embryo cryopreservation and mature oocyte cryopreservation are the standards for fertility preservation in postpubertal women. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist use for ovarian suppression are experimental methods that may be offered to patients for whom embryo and/or mature oocyte cryopreservation are not applicable. The cryopreservation of spermatozoa is the standard for fertility preservation in postpubertal males, but testicular tissue cryopreservation may be offered to prepubertal males.

This review contains 10 figures, 6 tables and 53 references
Key words: controlled ovarian stimulation, embryo cryopreservation, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, in vitro maturation, oocyte cryopreservation, ovarian tissue cryopreservation, sperm extraction, testicular tissue cryopreservation
Lumbar Facet&ndash;Mediated Pain
Authors: Patel Vikram B 
Published: January 2021

Lumbar or lower back pain is a very debilitating condition that affects almost one fifth of the adult population during a given year. Almost everyone walking on two feet is bound to suffer from some back pain during their lifetime. The health care burden for treating low back pain is enormous, especially if the lost work hours are combined with the amount used in diagnosing and treating low back pain. Lumbar facet (zygapophysial) joints are one of the major components involved in causing lower back pain. Diagnosing the pain generator is more of an art than a science. Combining various parameters in the patient’s history, physical examination, and diagnostic studies is not much different from solving a murder mystery. Although facet joint pain may be accompanied by other pain generators, that is, lumbar intervertebral disks, nerve roots, and vertebral bodies, once treated, the relief in pain is more helpful in performing proper rehabilitation and improving further deterioration in low back pain. Muscles are almost always painful due to myofascial pain syndrome that accompanies the facet joint–related pain. Treating one without addressing the other leads to failure in management and optimization of patient’s pain and function. Several treatments are available for treatment of facet joint–mediated pain, including steroid injections using a miniscule amount and radiofrequency ablation of the nerves supplying the facet joints (medial branches of the dorsal primary ramus of the lumbar nerve root). With proper diagnosis and treatment, a patient’s pain and function can be optimized to a level where it may not impact the day-to-day activities or even resumption of the patient’s routine job function. The following review describes the anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of lumbar facet joint–mediated pain.

Key words: facet joint pain, facet joint syndrome, low back pain, medial branch radiofrequency, spondylolisthesis
Paraplegia Following Epidural Steroid Injection
Authors: Peck Devin 
Published: January 2021

Paraplegia following epidural steroid injection is, fortunately, an exceedingly rare complication. The differential diagnosis includes epidural hematoma, spinal cord injury/infarction, epidural abscess, and conversion disorder. Less likely diagnoses include worsening of underlying pathology, a new compressing lesion, or subarachnoid injection.
The artery of Adamkiewicz enters the spinal canal via the neural foramen and provides blood supply to the lower two thirds of the spinal cord via the anterior spinal artery. Avoidance of the artery during a transforaminal epidural steroid injection is facilitated by entering the inferior portion of the foramen.
Acute management of neurologic complications arising from an epidural steroid injection is facilitated by rapid identification of etiology. In the case of epidural hematoma, avoidance of permanent deficit is more likely when patients undergo prompt decompression. The role of intravenous steroids in acute spinal cord injury is controversial. Chronic management includes extensive rehabilitation, including physical and occupational therapy. Treatment of musculoskeletal nociceptive pain, such as due to shoulder overuse, and neuropathic pain is vital to optimize the patient’s participation in rehabilitative therapy.

Keywords: Epidural Steroid Injection; Complications; Spinal Cord Injury; Epidural Hematoma; Epidural Abscess; Artery of Adamkiewicz; Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome; Particulate Steroid; Fluoroscopic Guidance
Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Its Clinical Management
Authors: Croarkin Paul , Shafi Reem 
Published: January 2021

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a psychiatric disorder classified in the DSM-5 among disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorder. The core features of ODD include a pervasive and impairing pattern of anger, irritability, inflexibility, defiance, malevolence, and aggression. Symptoms of ODD typically present during preschool. ODD can be a harbinger of conduct disorder. Isolated, transient symptoms of ODD are normal during development. Mood disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and neurodevelopmental disorders are important considerations in differential diagnosis. However, ODD frequently co-occurs with other psychiatric diagnoses. Complex interactions with temperamental emotional dysregulation, family stress, early life stress, inconsistent parenting, and genetic and physiologic factors likely underlie the risk, pathophysiology, and prognosis of ODD. Unfortunately, these interactions and the neurobiological underpinnings of ODD are still poorly characterized. Although first-line treatments for ODD involve behavioral and psychosocial interventions, a thoughtful consideration of pharmacotherapy for co-occurring disorders and severe symptoms is an important component of treatment planning. Herein we review the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment planning of ODD. Recent applicable controversies such as dimensional conceptualization of psychiatric disorders and the potential intersection of ODD and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder are also summarized.
This review contains 5 figures, 4 tables, and 44 references.
Key words: aggression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, defiance, disruptive behaviors, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, DSM-5, irritability, oppositional defiant disorder, parent management training
Evaluation of automated cephalometric analysis based on the latest deep learning method
Authors: Hwang Hye-Won , Moon Jun-Ho , Kim Min-Gyu , Donatelli Richard E. , Lee Shin-Jae 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To compare an automated cephalometric analysis based on the latest deep learning method of automatically identifying cephalometric landmarks (AI) with previously published AI according to the test style of the worldwide AI challenges at the International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging conferences held by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE ISBI).

Materials and Methods
This latest AI was developed by using a total of 1983 cephalograms as training data. In the training procedures, a modification of a contemporary deep learning method, YOLO version 3 algorithm, was applied. Test data consisted of 200 cephalograms. To follow the same test style of the AI challenges at IEEE ISBI, a human examiner manually identified the IEEE ISBI-designated 19 cephalometric landmarks, both in training and test data sets, which were used as references for comparison. Then, the latest AI and another human examiner independently detected the same landmarks in the test data set. The test results were compared by the measures that appeared at IEEE ISBI: the success detection rate (SDR) and the success classification rates (SCR).

Results
SDR of the latest AI in the 2-mm range was 75.5% and SCR was 81.5%. These were greater than any other previous AIs. Compared to the human examiners, AI showed a superior success classification rate in some cephalometric analysis measures.

Conclusions
This latest AI seems to have superior performance compared to previous AI methods. It also seems to demonstrate cephalometric analysis comparable to human examiners.
Effects of Invisalign (G5) with virtual bite ramps for skeletal deep overbite malocclusion correction in adults
Authors: Henick Douglas , Dayan Willy , Dunford Robert , Warunek Stephen , Al-Jewair Thikriat 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of Invisalign's G5 protocol with virtual bite ramps in the treatment of adults with skeletal deep bites.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on consecutively treated adults presenting with skeletal deep bites as defined by the Overbite Depth Indicator (ODI). Subjects were divided into 2 groups: Invisalign group (n = 24) treated with the Invisalign G5 protocol and a full fixed appliance (FFA) group (n = 24) treated with edgewise FFAs and matched to the Invisalign group by ODI, sex, type of malocclusion, and non-extraction treatment. Pretreatment (T1) and post–comprehensive treatment (T2) lateral cephalograms were obtained and analyzed.ResultsBoth the Invisalign and FFA groups showed significant changes from T1 to T2 in ODI and other skeletal and dentoalveolar measurements. The mean change in ODI was −1.5° (P &lt; .001) for the Invisalign group and −2.0° (P &lt; .001) for the FFA group. The mean decrease in overbite was 1.3 mm (P &lt; .001) and 2.0 mm (P &lt; .001) for the Invisalign and FFA groups, respectively. The mean increase in mandibular plane angle (Sn-GoGn) was 0.65° (P = .003) for the Invisalign group and 1.15° (P &lt; .001) for the FFA group. When the groups were compared with each other, both ODI (P = .03) and overbite (P = .003) were significantly different in addition to other measurements.ConclusionsAlthough FFA treatment had more apparent skeletal changes for deep bite adult patients when compared with Invisalign, both systems were effective in opening deep bites at dentoalveolar and skeletal levels.
Not Only Diabetes but Also Prediabetes Leads to Functional Decline and Disability in Older Adults
Authors: Shang Ying , Fratiglioni Laura , Vetrano Davide Liborio , Dove Abigail , Welmer Anna-Karin , Xu Weili 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
Diabetes is linked to functional decline, but the impact of prediabetes on physical function is unknown. We aimed to examine and compare the impact of prediabetes and diabetes on physical function and disability progression and to explore whether cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) mediate these associations.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A cohort of 2,013 participants aged ≥60 from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, an ongoing population-based longitudinal study, was monitored for up to 12 years. Physical function was measured with chair stand (s) and walking speed (m/s) tests, and disability was measured by summing the numbers of impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Diabetes was identified through medical examinations or clinical records, medication use, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%. Prediabetes was defined as HbA1c ≥5.7–6.4% in participants free of diabetes. CVDs were ascertained through clinical examinations and the National Patient Register. Data were analyzed using mixed-effect models and mediation models.

RESULTS
At baseline, 650 (32.3%) had prediabetes and 151 had diabetes (7.5%). In multiadjusted mixed-effect models, prediabetes was associated with an increased chair stand time (β 0.33, 95% CI 0.05–0.61), a decreased walking speed (β −0.006, 95% CI −0.010 to −0.002), and an accelerated disability progression (β 0.05, 95% CI 0.01–0.08), even after controlling for the future development of diabetes. Diabetes led to faster functional decline than prediabetes. In mediation analyses, CVDs mediated 7.1%, 7.8%, and 20.9% of the associations between prediabetes and chair stand, walking speed, and disability progression, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Prediabetes, in addition to diabetes, is associated with faster functional decline and disability, independent of the future development of diabetes. This association may be in part mediated by CVDs.
Uusia apuneuvoja karjalan kielen opiskeluun ja elvyttämiseen
Authors: Kok Maria , Paalamo Katerina 
Published: January 2021

Arvioidut teokset:
Eila Jahn (toim.): Sanari. Karjala–suomi. [Nurmes]: Karjalan kieliruadajat & Suojärven pitäjäseura ry 2018. 80 s. isbn 9789519751269.
Eila Jahn (toim.): Karjalan bukvari. [Nurmes]: Karjalan kieliruadajat & Suojärven pitäjäseura ry 2018. 64 s. isbn 9789519751252.
Matti Jeskanen: Karjalan grammari kaikella rahvahalla 1. Kirjuta da luve putilleh. Tavan tallaajan varsinaiskarjalan kielioppi 1. Äänteet ja kirjoittaminen. [Nurmes]: Suojärven Pitäjäseura ry & Karjalan kieliruadajat 2019. 86 s. isbn 9789519751276.
Partitiivin muotokuva
Authors: Huumo Tuomas , Grünthal Riho 
Published: January 2021

Arvioitu teos:
Matti Larjavaara: Partitiivin valinta. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran Toimituksia 1455. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura 2019. 500 s. isbn 978-951-858-138-6.
Multiculturalism and Postcolonialism
Authors: Harding Sandra 
Published: January 2021

Science and technology studies have emerged from distinctive intellectual and political histories and interests in the last half of the Twentieth Century. Here I look at some central concerns in multicultural and postcolonial science and technology studies, and try to identify some of the issues that these raise for conventional postpositivist philosophies of Western modern sciences and technologies. In some respects the former provide additional evidence for postpositivist revisions of philosophy of science; in other respects they raise new issues. In both respects they can motivate critical re-evaluations of modernity, enlightenment and the Liberal political philosophy embedded in Western philosophies of science.
The Functioning of a Free Software Community
Authors: Demazière Didier , Horn François , Zune Marc 
Published: January 2021

The ability to build solid and coherent software from spontaneous, sudden and evanescent involvement is viewed as an enigma by sociologists and economists. The internal heterogeneity of project contributors questions the functioning of collective action: how can commitments that are so dissimilar be put together? Our objective is to consider FLOSS communities as going concerns which necessitate a minimum of order and common, shared, social rules to function. Through an in-depth and diachronic analysis of the Spip project, we present two classical modes of social regulation: a control regulation centred on the product and an autonomous regulation reflecting the differentiated commitments. Our data shows that the meaning, value and legitimacy of contributors’ involvements are defined and rated more collectively, through exchanges, judgments, and evaluations. A third regulation mode, called distributed community regulation and aimed at creating and transforming shared rules that produces recognition and stratification, is then presented.
Memento mori Inkoon keskiaikaisessa kirkossa
Authors: Aho Janika 
Published: January 2021

Inkoon keskiaikaisen kirkon (rak. 1430–1510) pohjoisseinän noin vuodelle 1510 ajoitettu kuolemantanssi -aiheinen seinämaalaus on ainoa laatuaan Suomen keskiaikaisten seinämaalausten joukossa. Kuolemantanssi oli myöhäiskeskiajalla koko Euroopassa yleinen aihe niin kuvissa kuin kirjallisuudessa ja sitä on tutkittu osana 1400–1500-lukujen elämän hetkellisyydestä ja kuoleman vääjäämättömyydestä muistuttavaa memento mori -tematiikkaa.
Tutkin Inkoon Kuolemantanssia osana kirkossa esiintynyttä memento mori -kuvien kokonaisuutta. Näitä ovat Kuolemantassin lisäksi kirkon länsiseinällä fragmentaarisena säilyneet Elämänpyörä ja Kuolema sahaamassa puuta. Analysoin fragmentaarisina säilyneitä kuvia ja tutkin, miten nämä kuvat ovat muodostaneet yhtenäisen, elämän ohikiitävyydestä muistuttavan aihekokonaisuuden. Vertailumateriaalina käytän Ruotsin Upplannin alueen kirkoissa säilyneitä elämänpyörä- ja kuolema sahaamassa puuta -aiheita.
Inkoon Kuolemantanssi on varsin tunnettu ja usein mainittu keskiajan taiteen tutkimuksessa. Aihetta käsitteleviä artikkeleita ovat julkaisseet aiemmin kuiteinkin vain Helena Edgrenin (1989) ja Cora Diel (2000). Nämä artikkelit ovat tarkastelleet Inkoon Kuolemantanssia yksittäisenä aiheena, kun taas käsillä olevan artikkelin tavoite on tarkastella sitä osana eritysesti osana yleiseurooppalaista memento mori -kuvien ilmiötä.
Kobieta matka vs. kobieta-nie-matka
Authors: Ruszkiewicz Dorota Alina 
Published: January 2021

Podjęta w publikacji problematyka została usytuowana w metodologii jakościowej. Celem badań było poznanie refleksji kobiet na temat macierzyństwa i bezdzietności. Główny problem badawczy zawierał się w pytaniu: Czy i jakie argumenty mają bezdzietne kobiety obalające tezę, że macierzyństwo jest spełnieniem dla kobiety i najlepszym kapitałem na przyszłość? W badaniu zastosowano wywiad indywidualny pogłębiony.Wyniki badań dowiodły, że dla kobiet bezdzietnych nie z własnego wyboru, macierzyństwo jest rzeczywiście spełnieniem i kapitałem na przyszłość. W pełni zgadzają się walorami macierzyństwa wskazanymi przez kobiety funkcjonujące w roli społecznej matki (dzięki dzieciom doświadcza się wiele radości, na starość czy w czasie choroby człowiek ma oparcie w dzieciach, człowiek nigdy nie będzie sam, dzieci dają poczucie sensu życia), i podobnie jak one postrzegają bezdzietne życie. Inny pogląd na temat życia „wolnego od dziecka” prezentują kobiety zamierzenie bezdzietne.
Transformation of family ties
Authors: Sorys Stanisław Andrzej 
Published: January 2021

The family and the family ties it creates shape the attitudes and behavior of a person who grows in it. They also have a decisive influence on the character of the family that they will start in the future. The values acquired in the family home will enable him to build and strengthen family ties, largely based on his own and family experiences.
The context of the research was the modern family, which, despite the many transformations that have occurred within it as a result of cultural and civilization changes, is still an inseparable element of human life, with a leading and leading role in the development of a child, at the same time defining its worldview as an adult.
The aim of the research was to show the changes occurring within the mutual relations between the family and the individual from the time perspective from the period defined by the so-called “Late modernity” or “postmodern society” up to the present (postmodernity). The author shows that the current shape of the family, which many researchers refer to as its crisis or even collapse, is the result of a long process involving changes in mutual obligations and at the same time the desire for individual development of members of that family. This leads to the rejection of existing forms and ties, the loss of traditional beliefs, knowledge and norms, and the creation of a new type of social bond.
The scientific method was applied in the form of multi-station ethnography (Marcus 2003), which is a method of conducting research in conditions of discontinuity of cultural formations, when supra-local factors influence the situation in a given locality, causing various “practices, anxieties and ambiguities” (Marcus 2003, p. 170).
The conclusions from this study were that the family, despite the weaknesses shown, is still an important institution for the individual. It is also the only institution that is able to defend an individual against negative aspects resulting from postmodernity. Therefore, in the policy of the state, it is necessary and necessary to pay more attention to the transformations of the family bond in the constantly changing socio-cultural conditions, in which the role of the traditional family is diminishing.
Przekonania młodzieży licealnej i akademickiej na temat osób starszych – perspektywa familiologiczna
Authors: Szluz Beata Lucyna , Kanios Anna 
Published: January 2021

Procesy demograficznymi, tj. wydłużanie się czasu trwania życia i wzrost odsetka seniorów w ogólnej populacji, przyczyniają się i stają się impulsem do tego, że funkcjonowanie osób starszych staje się coraz częściej przedmiotem analiz badawczych. Celem artykułu uczyniono zobrazowanie przekonań osób będących w różnej fazie dorosłości na temat funkcjonowania osób starszych w rodzinie, z uwzględnieniem różnic w percepcji pomiędzy młodzieżą szkolną i akademicką. Główny problem badawczy brzmi: Jakie są przekonania osób będących w różnej fazie dorosłości na temat funkcjonowania osób starszych w rodzinie i czy istnieją różnice w tym zakresie pomiędzy młodzieżą szkolną i akademicką? Zastosowano narzędzie w postaci kwestionariusza ankiety autorstwa A. Kanios, M. Czechowskiej-Bielugi, A. Weissbrot-Koziarskiej, R. Krawczyk, P. Zielińskiej. Przeprowadzono badania wśród 1084 uczniów i studentów z 9 polskich województw (opolskiego, śląskiego, podlaskiego, dolnośląskiego, lubelskiego, świętokrzyskiego, mazowieckiego, małopolskiego, podkarpackiego). Badania pozwoliły ukazać obraz życia rodzinnego w percepcji młodzieży licealnej i akademickiej w perspektywie gerontologicznej.
Social Processes Affecting the Families in Rural Hungary
Authors: Ragadics Tamás 
Published: January 2021

Rural poverty appears in several European regions, particularly in post-socialist countries effected by a rapid transformation of socioeconomic system. In the past decade, rural regions may have reacted to challenges of contradictory processes. Migration trends are heterogeneous; unemployment, underemployment and lack of labour power are existing problems at the same time, in the same locality. In addition, the nature of poverty has changed recently. Traditional forms of pauperization are combined with helplessness and inability for future planning and saving up. Goods and status symbols of the consumer society have high importance in families with low incomes and high debt.
The aim of this paper is to describe some crucial processes triggering the transformation of family life in rural Hungary by means of a qualitative research conducted in the South Transdanubian region of Hungary. We explored the actual problems and challenges from the viewpoints of local experts (social workers and mayors) and mothers from families connected to local social systems. We also aim to examine family attitudes to labour market, services and consumption, the most important factors effecting socioeconomic conditions of deprived social groups.