bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A responsive ant colony optimization for large-scale dynamic vehicle routing problems via pheromone diversity enhancement
Authors: Su Yansen , Liu Jia , Xiang Xiaoshu , Zhang Xingyi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLarge-scale dynamic vehicle routing problem (LSDVRP) is exhibiting extensive application prospect with the rapid growth of online logistics, whereas a few approaches have been developed to address LSDVRPs. The difficulty in solving LSDVRPs lies in that it requires quick response and high adaptability to numerous newly appeared customers in LSDVRPs. To overcome this difficulty, in this paper, we propose a responsive ant colony optimization algorithm, termed as RACO, for efficiently addressing LSDVRPs. In the proposed RACO, a pheromone diversity enhancing method is suggested to generate diverse pheromone matrices for quickly responding to newly appeared customer requests in solving LSDVRPs. A pheromone ensemble technique is further designed to produce a high-quality initial population that well adapts to the new customer requests by making use of diverse pheromone matrices. Empirical results on a set of 12 LSDVRP test instances demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested pheromone diversity enhancing method in quickly responding to newly appeared customer requests for solving LSDVRPs. Moreover, we investigate the computational cost and the traveling cost obtained by the proposed RACO to evaluate responsiveness and adaptability of the proposed RACO, respectively. Comparison with four state-of-the-art approaches to DVRPs validates the superiority of the proposed RACO in addressing LSDVRPs in terms of responsiveness and adaptability.
Nanoparticle–Cartilage Interaction: Pathology-Based Intra-articular Drug Delivery for Osteoarthritis Therapy
Authors: Li Xu , Dai Bingyang , Guo Jiaxin , Zheng Lizhen , Guo Quanyi , Peng Jiang , Xu Jiankun , Qin Ling 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis is the most prevalent chronic and debilitating joint disease, resulting in huge medical and socioeconomic burdens. Intra-articular administration of agents is clinically used for pain management. However, the effectiveness is inapparent caused by the rapid clearance of agents. To overcome this issue, nanoparticles as delivery systems hold considerable promise for local control of the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic agents. Given the therapeutic programs are inseparable from pathological progress of osteoarthritis, an ideal delivery system should allow the release of therapeutic agents upon specific features of disorders. In this review, we firstly introduce the pathological features of osteoarthritis and the design concept for accurate localization within cartilage for sustained drug release. Then, we review the interactions of nanoparticles with cartilage microenvironment and the rational design. Furthermore, we highlight advances in the therapeutic schemes according to the pathology signals. Finally, armed with an updated understanding of the pathological mechanisms, we place an emphasis on the development of “smart” bioresponsive and multiple modality nanoparticles on the near horizon to interact with the pathological signals. We anticipate that the exploration of nanoparticles by balancing the efficacy, safety, and complexity will lay down a solid foundation tangible for clinical translation.
Noch immer auf der Suche nach dem heiligen Gral: Wie generisch oder fachspezifisch sind Dimensionen der Unterrichtsqualität?
Authors: Praetorius Anna-Katharina , Gräsel Cornelia 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Versuch unternommen, zentrale Aspekte der elf Positionsbeiträge des vorliegenden Themenheftes „Unterrichtsqualität – fachspezifisch oder generisch? Ein Update zu Perspektiven aus der Fachdidaktik und der allgemeinen Lehr-Lernforschung“ (Heft 2, 2021) im Hinblick auf die Frage nach der Fachspezifität von Dimensionen der Unterrichtsqualität zusammenzufassen und zu diskutieren. Als Grundlage für den Vergleich wird ein Syntheseframework verwendet, zu dem auch die Autor*innen des Themenheftes Stellung genommen haben. Es zeigt sich ein großes Ausmaß an Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen unterschiedlichen Fächern, darüber hinaus auch etliche fachspezifische Ergänzungsvorschläge (u. a. in Bezug auf kognitive Aktivierung und sozio-emotionale Unterstützung). Abschließend werden erste Ideen für eine zukünftige Weiterentwicklung der Frage nach der Fachspezifität im Allgemeinen sowie des Syntheseframeworks im Speziellen vorgeschlagen, die sich auf die Ziele von Unterricht, die Berücksichtigung von Lernprozessen sowie die Verbesserung von Unterrichtsqualität beziehen.
A Critical Evaluation of the FBST ev for Bayesian Hypothesis Testing
Authors: Ly Alexander , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe “Full Bayesian Significance Teste-value”, henceforth FBSTev, has received increasing attention across a range of disciplines including psychology. We show that the FBSTevleads to four problems: (1) the FBSTevcannot quantify evidence in favor of a null hypothesis and therefore also cannot discriminate “evidence of absence” from “absence of evidence”; (2) the FBSTevis susceptible to sampling to a foregone conclusion; (3) the FBSTevviolates the principle of predictive irrelevance, such that it is affected by data that are equally likely to occur under the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis; (4) the FBSTevsuffers from the Jeffreys-Lindley paradox in that it does not include a correction for selection. These problems also plague the frequentistp-value. We conclude that although the FBSTevmay be an improvement over thep-value, it does not provide a reasonable measure of evidence against the null hypothesis.
Metabolic engineering in woody plants: challenges, advances, and opportunities
Authors: Yu Shu , Bekkering Cody S. , Tian Li 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWoody plant species represent an invaluable reserve of biochemical diversity to which metabolic engineering can be applied to satisfy the need for commodity and specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and renewable energy. Woody plants are particularly promising for this application due to their low input needs, high biomass, and immeasurable ecosystem services. However, existing challenges have hindered their widespread adoption in metabolic engineering efforts, such as long generation times, large and highly heterozygous genomes, and difficulties in transformation and regeneration. Recent advances in omics approaches, systems biology modeling, and plant transformation and regeneration methods provide effective approaches in overcoming these outstanding challenges. Promises brought by developments in this space are steadily opening the door to widespread metabolic engineering of woody plants to meet the global need for a wide range of sustainably sourced chemicals and materials.
Democratic Accountability in Times of Crisis: Executive Power, Fiscal Policy and COVID-19
Authors: Lozano Maritza , Atkinson Michael , Mou Haizhen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe examine the performance of four parliamentary democracies – Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the UK – as they confront the need for a substantial fiscal policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our research covers the period 1 January 2020 to 30 June 2020. We score the four countries on nine components of democratic accountability using Mark Philp's distinction between formal and political accountability. We conclude, first, that to appreciate the nuanced character of accountability, it is important to have a set of operational measures that identify specific aspects of performance. Second, preparation is important for resilience: countries that demonstrated strong accountability before the pandemic maintained relatively high accountability standards during the crisis; weaker accountability mechanisms showed less resistance to the expanding power of the executive. Finally, it is easier to be accountable when outcomes are favourable, but favourable outcomes include adherence to the norms of democratic accountability.
Hospital capacities and shortages of healthcare resources among US hospitals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), March 27–July 14, 2020
Authors: Wu Hsiu , Soe Minn M. , Konnor Rebecca , Dantes Raymund , Haass Kathryn , Dudeck Margaret A. , Gross Cindy , Leaptrot Denise , Sapiano Mathew R. P. , Allen-Bridson Katherine , Wattenmaker Lauren , Peterson Kelly , Lemoine Kent , Chernetsky Tejedor Sheri , Edwards Jonathan R. , Pollock Daniel , Benin Andrea L. ,   for the National Healthcare Safety Network
Published: June 2021

AbstractDuring March 27–July 14, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Network extended its surveillance to hospital capacities responding to COVID-19 pandemic. The data showed wide variations across hospitals in case burden, bed occupancies, ventilator usage, and healthcare personnel and supply status. These data were used to inform emergency responses.
Risk-sensitive average continuous-time Markov decision processes with unbounded transition and cost rates
Authors: Guo Xin , Huang Yonghui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper considers risk-sensitive average optimization for denumerable continuous-time Markov decision processes (CTMDPs), in which the transition and cost rates are allowed to be unbounded, and the policies can be randomized history dependent. We first derive the multiplicative dynamic programming principle and some new facts for risk-sensitive finite-horizon CTMDPs. Then, we establish the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the risk-sensitive average optimality equation (RS-AOE) through the results for risk-sensitive finite-horizon CTMDPs developed here, and also prove the existence of an optimal stationary policy via the RS-AOE. Furthermore, for the case of finite actions available at each state, we construct a sequence of models of finite-state CTMDPs with optimal stationary policies which can be obtained by a policy iteration algorithm in a finite number of iterations, and prove that an average optimal policy for the case of infinitely countable states can be approximated by those of the finite-state models. Finally, we illustrate the conditions and the iteration algorithm with an example.
Gibbs partitions, Riemann–Liouville fractional operators, Mittag–Leffler functions, and fragmentations derived from stable subordinators
Authors: Ho Man-Wai , James Lancelot F. , Lau John W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPitman (2003), and subsequently Gnedin and Pitman (2006), showed that a large class of random partitions of the integers derived from a stable subordinator of index$\alpha\in(0,1)$have infinite Gibbs (product) structure as a characterizing feature. The most notable case are random partitions derived from the two-parameter Poisson–Dirichlet distribution,$\textrm{PD}(\alpha,\theta)$, whose corresponding$\alpha$-diversity/local time have generalized Mittag–Leffler distributions, denoted by$\textrm{ML}(\alpha,\theta)$. Our aim in this work is to provide indications on the utility of the wider class of Gibbs partitions as it relates to a study of Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals and size-biased sampling, and in decompositions of special functions, and its potential use in the understanding of various constructions of more exotic processes. We provide characterizations of general laws associated with nested families of$\textrm{PD}(\alpha,\theta)$mass partitions that are constructed from fragmentation operations described in Donget al.(2014). These operations are known to be related in distribution to various constructions of discrete random trees/graphs in [n], and their scaling limits. A centerpiece of our work is results related to Mittag–Leffler functions, which play a key role in fractional calculus and are otherwise Laplace transforms of the$\textrm{ML}(\alpha,\theta)$variables. Notably, this leads to an interpretation within the context of$\textrm{PD}(\alpha,\theta)$laws conditioned on Poisson point process counts over intervals of scaled lengths of the$\alpha$-diversity.
Bounds for expected supremum of fractional Brownian motion with drift
Authors: Bisewski Krzysztof , Dębicki Krzysztof , Mandjes Michel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe provide upper and lower bounds for the mean$\mathscr{M}(H)$of$\sup_{t\geq 0} \{B_H(t) - t\}$, with$B_H(\!\cdot\!)$a zero-mean, variance-normalized version of fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter$H\in(0,1)$. We find bounds in (semi-) closed form, distinguishing between$H\in(0,\frac{1}{2}]$and$H\in[\frac{1}{2},1)$, where in the former regime a numerical procedure is presented that drastically reduces the upper bound. For$H\in(0,\frac{1}{2}]$, the ratio between the upper and lower bound is bounded, whereas for$H\in[\frac{1}{2},1)$the derived upper and lower bound have a strongly similar shape. We also derive a new upper bound for the mean of$\sup_{t\in[0,1]} B_H(t)$,$H\in(0,\frac{1}{2}]$, which is tight around$H=\frac{1}{2}$.
Assessment of non-communicable disease related lifestyle risk factors among adult population in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Belal , Parvez Mahmood , Islam Mir Raihanul , Evans Hala , Mistry Sabuj Kanti 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNon-communicable diseases (NCDs), which can largely be prevented by controlling avoidable lifestyle-related risk factors, are rapidly penetrating the entire world, including developing countries. The present study aimed to assess NCD lifestyle risk factors among the adult population in Bangladesh. The data used in the study were collected as part of a population-based cross-sectional survey covering rural and urban areas of Bangladesh conducted in 2015–16 (N=11,982 adults aged ≥35 years). The lifestyle factors considered were diet (daily fruit and vegetable consumption and extra salt intake with meals), sleeping patterns, smoking, smokeless tobacco consumption, and physical activity. The study found that approximately 18.5% of participants had a non-daily consumption of fruit or vegetables, 46.6% used extra salt with their meals, 11.8% reported sleeping <7 hours daily, 25.7% smoked tobacco, 60.9% used smokeless tobacco and 69.7% were less physically active. The prevalence of improper lifestyle practices relevant to NCDs, such as an inadequate diet, poor sleeping pattern, tobacco consumption, and low physical activity, was significantly higher among older adults, women, the uneducated, the unemployed, urban dwellers, and people from rich households. The study found that NCD-related lifestyle characteristics were poorly compliant with standard guidelines among many adult populations in Bangladesh. The findings can inform preventative strategies to control the overwhelming NCD burden in Bangladesh, such as the promotion of physical exercise, healthy eating, and the cessation of the use of tobacco products.
Effects of socioeconomic status in cognition of people with schizophrenia: results from a Latin American collaboration network with 1175 subjects
Authors: Czepielewski Letícia Sanguinetti , Alliende Luz Maria , Castañeda Carmen Paz , Castro Mariana , Guinjoan Salvador M. , Massuda Raffael , Berberian Arthur A. , Fonseca Ana Olivia , Gadelha Ary , Bressan Rodrigo , Crivelaro Marisa , Louzã Mario , Undurraga Juan , González-Valderrama Alfonso , Nachar Rubén , Nieto Rodrigo R. , Montes Cristian , Silva Hernan , Langer Álvaro I. , Schmidt Carlos , Mayol-Troncoso Rocío , Díaz-Zuluaga Ana M. , Valencia-Echeverry Johanna , López-Jaramillo Carlos , Solís-Vivanco Rodolfo , Reyes-Madrigal Francisco , de la Fuente-Sandoval Camilo , Crossley Nicolás A. , Gama Clarissa S. ,   ANDES Network
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCognition heavily relies on social determinants and genetic background. Latin America comprises approximately 8% of the global population and faces unique challenges, many derived from specific demographic and socioeconomic variables, such as violence and inequality. While such factors have been described to influence mental health outcomes, no large-scale studies with Latin American population have been carried out. Therefore, we aim to describe the cognitive performance of a representative sample of Latin American individuals with schizophrenia and its relationship to clinical factors. Additionally, we aim to investigate how socioeconomic status (SES) relates to cognitive performance in patients and controls.MethodsWe included 1175 participants from five Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico): 864 individuals with schizophrenia and 311 unaffected subjects. All participants were part of projects that included cognitive evaluation with MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery and clinical assessments.ResultsPatients showed worse cognitive performance than controls across all domains. Age and diagnosis were independent predictors, indicating similar trajectories of cognitive aging for both patients and controls. The SES factors of education, parental education, and income were more related to cognition in patients than in controls. Cognition was also influenced by symptomatology.ConclusionsPatients did not show evidence of accelerated cognitive aging; however, they were most impacted by a lower SES suggestive of deprived environment than controls. These findings highlight the vulnerability of cognitive capacity in individuals with psychosis in face of demographic and socioeconomic factors in low- and middle-income countries.
Successful management of invasive rats across a fragmented landscape
Authors: Barney Sarah K , Leopold Devin R , Francisco Kainana , Flaspohler David J , Fukami Tadashi , Giardina Christian P , Gruner Daniel S , Knowlton Jessie L , Pitt William C , Wilson Rankin Erin E 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIntroduced mammalian predators are responsible for the decline and extinction of many native species, with rats (genus Rattus) being among the most widespread and damaging invaders worldwide. In a naturally fragmented landscape, we demonstrate the multi-year effectiveness of snap traps in the removal of Rattus rattus and Rattus exulans from lava-surrounded forest fragments ranging in size from <0.1 to >10 ha. Relative to other studies, we observed low levels of fragment recolonization. Larger rats were the first to be trapped, with the average size of trapped rats decreasing over time. Rat removal led to distinct shifts in the foraging height and location of mongooses and mice, emphasizing the need to focus control efforts on multiple invasive species at once. Furthermore, because of a specially designed trap casing, we observed low non-target capture rates, suggesting that on Hawai‘i and similar islands lacking native rodents the risk of killing non-target species in snap traps may be lower than the application of rodenticides, which have the potential to contaminate food webs. These efforts demonstrate that targeted snap-trapping is an effective removal method for invasive rats in fragmented habitats and that, where used, monitoring of recolonization should be included as part of a comprehensive biodiversity management strategy.
The quality of research exploring in-session measures of CBT competence: a systematic review
Authors: Rayson Kathryn , Waddington Louise , Hare Dougal Julian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground:Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is in high demand due to its strong evidence base and cost effectiveness. To ensure CBT is delivered as intended in research, training and practice, fidelity assessment is needed. Fidelity is commonly measured by assessors rating treatment sessions, using CBT competence scales (CCSs).Aims:The current review assessed the quality of the literature examining the measurement properties of CCSs and makes recommendations for future research, training and practice.Method:Medline, PsychINFO, Scopus and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to identify relevant peer-reviewed, English language studies from 1980 onwards. Relevant studies were those that were primarily examining the measurement properties of CCSs used to assess adult 1:1 CBT treatment sessions. The quality of studies was assessed using a novel tool created for this study, following which a narrative synthesis is presented.Results:Ten studies met inclusion criteria, most of which were assessed as being ‘fair’ methodological quality, primarily due to small sample sizes. Construct validity and responsiveness definitions were applied inconsistently in the studies, leading to confusion over what was being measured.Conclusions:Although CCSs are widely used, we need to pay careful attention to the quality of research exploring their measurement properties. Consistent definitions of measurement properties, consensus about adequate sample sizes and improved reporting of individual properties are required to ensure the quality of future research.
Cataclysmic Variable Stars
Authors: Warner Brian 
Published: June 2021

The evolution of single stars on and away from the main sequence is well understood. A degenerate core is formed in a star as the star leaves the main sequence and expands to a giant with a radius typically 50 - 500 Ro . Observationally it is known that most stars are members of binary systems, and among these many have orbital periods less than 100 y. It can happen, therefore, that the expanding envelope of the primary of a binary system can reach to the secondary. As this happens, the primary fills its Roche tidal lobe and transfers matter to the secondary; if the primary has a radiative envelope the rate at which this occurs exceeds the Eddington limit of the secondary, which therefore repels the incoming gas, forming a common envelope around the two stars. Friction within the envelope causes the stars to spiral towards each other until the energy and angular momentum extracted from the binary orbit and transferred to the envelope are sufficient to eject the common envelope as a planetary nebula, leaving a short period binary comprising a white dwarf and a main sequence star.This mechanism of producing short period binaries containing white dwarfs, proposed by Ostriker and by Paczynski (1976), is the probable origin of the class of objects known as Cataclysmic Variable Stars (CVs), which encompass the classical novae, dwarf novae, novalike variables and a variety of related objects. Evidence has been accumulating for forty years (Crawford & Kraft 1956, Warner 1995a) that every CV consists of a secondary star (usually a dwarf, but a few systems contain giants) filling its Roche lobe and transferring mass to a white dwarf primary. In systems of normal chemical composition the orbital periods lie between 75 mins and ~250 d, with the majority having . A few hydrogen-free systems are known for which 17 mins < Porb < 50 mins. It should be noted that CVs are very compact binary systems: for h such a binary would fit inside the Sun.
Abundances in the Gaseous Galactic Halo
Authors: Sofia Ulysses J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe well measured gas-phase abundances in the low halo suggest that this region of the Galaxy has total (gas plus dust) metal abundances which are close to those in the solar neighborhood. The gas-phase abundances in the halo are generally higher than those seen in the disk, however, this affect is likely due to the destruction of dust in the halo clouds. Observations of high velocity clouds (HVCs) in the halo suggest that these clouds have metal abundances which are substantially lower than those measured for the local interstellar medium. These determinations, however, are often of lower quality than those for the low halo because of uncertainties in the hydrogen abundances along the sightlines, in the incorporation of elements into dust, and in the partial ionization of the clouds.