bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlated Evolution of Acrobatic Display and Both Neural and Somatic Phenotypic Traits in Manakins (Pipridae)
Authors: Day Lainy B , Helmhout Wilson , Pano Glendin , Olsson Urban , Hoeksema Jason D , Lindsay Willow R 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBrightly colored manakin (Aves: Pipridae) males are known for performing acrobatic displays punctuated by non-vocal sounds (sonations) in order to attract dull colored females. The complexity of the display sequence and assortment of display elements involved (e.g., sonations, acrobatic maneuvers, and cooperative performances) varies considerably across manakin species. Species-specific display elements coevolve with display-distinct specializations of the neuroanatomical, muscular, endocrine, cardiovascular, and skeletal systems in the handful of species studied. Conducting a broader comparative study, we previously found positive associations between display complexity and both brain mass and body mass across eight manakin genera, indicating selection for neural and somatic expansion to accommodate display elaboration. Whether this gross morphological variation is due to overall brain and body mass expansion (concerted evolution) versus size increases in only functionally relevant brain regions and growth of particular body (“somatic”) features (mosaic evolution) remains to be explored. Here, we test the hypothesis that cross-species variation in male brain mass and body mass is driven by mosaic evolution. We predicted positive associations between display complexity and variation in the volume of the cerebellum and sensorimotor arcopallium, brain regions which have roles in sensorimotor processes, and learning and performance of precisely timed and sequenced thoughts and movements, respectively. In contrast, we predicted no associations between the volume of a limbic arcopallial nucleus or a visual thalamic nucleus and display complexity as these regions have no-specific functional relationship to display behavior. For somatic features, we predicted that the relationship between body mass and complexity would not include contributions of tarsus length based on a recent study suggesting selection on tarsus length is less labile than body mass. We tested our hypotheses in males from 12 manakin species and a closely related flycatcher. Our analyses support mosaic evolution of neural and somatic features functionally relevant to display and indicate that sexual selection for acrobatic complexity increases the capacity for procedural learning via cerebellar enlargement and may decrease maneuverability via increases in tarsus length.
On Nilpotent Extensions of ∞-Categories and the Cyclotomic Trace
Authors: Elmanto Elden , Sosnilo Vladimir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe do three things in this paper: (1) study the analog of localization sequences (in the sense of algebraic $K$-theory of stable $\infty $-categories) for additive $\infty $-categories, (2) define the notion of nilpotent extensions for suitable $\infty $-categories and furnish interesting examples such as categorical square-zero extensions, and (3) use (1) and (2) to extend the Dundas–Goodwillie–McCarthy theorem for stable $\infty $-categories that are not monogenically generated (such as the stable $\infty $-category of Voevodsky’s motives or the stable $\infty $-category of perfect complexes on some algebraic stacks). The key input in our paper is Bondarko’s notion of weight structures, which provides a “ring-with-many-objects” analog of a connective $\mathbb{E}_1$-ring spectrum. As applications, we prove cdh descent results for truncating invariants of stacks extending the work by Hoyois–Krishna for homotopy $K$-theory and establish new cases of Blanc’s lattice conjecture.
Cytochrome b Drug Resistance Mutation Decreases Babesia Fitness in the Tick Stages But Not the Mammalian Erythrocytic Cycle
Authors: Chiu Joy E , Renard Isaline , George Santosh , Pal Anasuya C , Alday P Holland , Narasimhan Sukanya , Riscoe Michael K , Doggett J Stone , Ben Mamoun Choukri 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Human babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne malaria-like illness caused by Babesia parasites following their development in erythrocytes. Here, we show that a mutation in the Babesia microti mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) that confers resistance to the antibabesial drug ELQ-502 decreases parasite fitness in the arthropod vector. Interestingly, whereas the mutant allele does not affect B. microti fitness during the mammalian blood phase of the parasite life cycle and is genetically stable as parasite burden increases, ELQ-502–resistant mutant parasites developing in the tick vector are genetically unstable with a high rate of the wild-type allele emerging during the nymphal stage. Furthermore, we show that B. microti parasites with this mutation are transmitted from the tick to the host, raising the possibility that the frequency of Cytb resistance mutations may be decreased by passage through the tick vector, but could persist in the environment if present when ticks feed.
Large-Scale Identification of T-Cell Epitopes Derived From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 for the Development of Peptide Vaccines Against Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Ma Yipeng , Liu Fenglan , Lin Tong , Chen Lei , Jiang Aixin , Tian Geng , Nielsen Morten , Wang Mingjun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to be a major public health challenge globally. The identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-derived T-cell epitopes is of critical importance for peptide vaccines or diagnostic tools of COVID-19.

Methods
In this study, several SARS-CoV-2-derived human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I binding peptides were predicted by NetMHCpan-4.1 and selected by Popcover to achieve pancoverage of the Chinese population. The top 5 ranked peptides derived from each protein of SARS-CoV-2 were then evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from unexposed individuals (negative for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G).

Results
Seven epitopes derived from 4 SARS-CoV-2 proteins were identified. It is interesting to note that most (5 of 7) of the SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides with predicted affinities for HLA-I molecules were identified as HLA-II-restricted epitopes and induced CD4+ T cell-dependent responses. These results complete missing pieces of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells and suggest that pre-existing T cells targeting all SARS-CoV-2-encoded proteins can be discovered in unexposed populations.

Conclusions
In summary, in the current study, we present an alternative and effective strategy for the identification of T-cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 in healthy subjects, which may indicate an important role in the development of peptide vaccines for COVID-19.
An open source tool to compute measures of inpatient glycemic control: translating from healthcare analytics research to clinical quality improvement
Authors: Chen Ying , Ning Yilin , Thomas Prem , Salloway Mark , Tan Maudrene Luor Shyuan , Tai E-Shyong , Kao Shih Ling , Tan Chuen Seng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study is to facilitate monitoring of the quality of inpatient glycemic control by providing an open-source tool to compute glucometrics. To allay regulatory and privacy concerns, the tool is usable locally; no data are uploaded to the internet.

Materials and Methods
We extended code, initially developed for healthcare analytics research, to serve the clinical need for quality monitoring of diabetes. We built an application, with a graphical interface, which can be run locally without any internet connection.

Results
We verified that our code produced results identical to prior work in glucometrics. We extended the prior work by including additional metrics and by providing user customizability. The software has been used at an academic healthcare institution.

Conclusion
We successfully translated code used for research methods into an open source, user-friendly tool which hospitals may use to expedite quality measure computation for the management of inpatients with diabetes.
Team Science: A Practical Approach to Starting Collaborative Projects
Authors: Patel Miral M , Moseley Tanya W , Nia Emily S , Perez Frances , Kapoor Megha M , Whitman Gary J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A collaborative approach to treating patients is well taught in medical training. However, collaboration and team building in clinical and laboratory research may have been given less emphasis. More scientific discoveries are now being made with multidisciplinary teams, requiring a thoughtful approach in order to achieve research goals while mitigating potential conflicts. Specific steps for a successful team science project include building the team, assigning roles and responsibilities, allocating rules, and discussing authorship guidelines. Building a team involves bringing individuals together and developing a common research goal while establishing psychological safety for all members of the team. Clear assignment of roles and responsibilities avoids confusion and allows each member’s contributions to be acknowledged. Allocating rules involves discussing how decisions in the team will be made, how data and knowledge sharing will occur, and how potential conflicts will be resolved. Discussing authorship at the start of the project ensures that the entire team knows what work must be completed for authorship to be obtained.
Cost-Effectiveness of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Screening for Women With Extremely Dense Breast Tissue
Authors: Geuzinge H Amarens , Bakker Marije F , Heijnsdijk Eveline A M , van Ravesteyn Nicolien T , Veldhuis Wouter B , Pijnappel Ruud M , de Lange Stéphanie V , Emaus Marleen J , Mann Ritse M , Monninkhof Evelyn M , de Koekkoek-Doll Petra K , van Gils Carla H , de Koning Harry J ,   the DENSE trial study group
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundExtremely dense breast tissue is associated with increased breast cancer risk and limited sensitivity of mammography. The DENSE trial showed that additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening in women with extremely dense breasts resulted in a substantial reduction in interval cancers. The cost-effectiveness of MRI screening for these women is unknown.MethodsWe used the MISCAN-breast microsimulation model to simulate several screening protocols containing mammography and/or MRI to estimate long-term effects and costs. The model was calibrated using results of the DENSE trial and adjusted to incorporate decreases in breast density with increasing age. Screening strategies varied in the number of MRIs and mammograms offered to women ages 50-75 years. Outcomes were numbers of breast cancers, life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), breast cancer deaths, and overdiagnosis. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated (3% discounting), with a willingness-to-pay threshold of €22 000.ResultsCalibration resulted in a conservative fit of the model regarding MRI detection. Both strategies of the DENSE trial were dominated (biennial mammography; biennial mammography plus MRI). MRI alone every 4 years was cost-effective with €15 620 per QALY. Screening every 3 years with MRI alone resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €37 181 per QALY. All strategies with mammography and/or a 2-year interval were dominated because other strategies resulted in more additional QALYs per additional euro. Alternating mammography and MRI every 2 years was close to the efficiency frontier.ConclusionsMRI screening is cost-effective for women with extremely dense breasts, when applied at a 4-year interval. For a willingness to pay more than €22 000 per QALY gained, MRI at a 3-year interval is cost-effective as well.
Isavuconazole for treatment of refractory coccidioidal meningitis with concomitant cerebrospinal fluid and plasma therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Davis Matthew R , Chang Sandy , Gaynor Pryce , McCreary Erin K , Allyn Paul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Coccidioidal meningitis (CM) is a life-threatening infection with limited treatment options. Small series have reported success with isavuconazole; however, limited data exist on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration. Paired plasma and CSF isavuconazole concentrations were measured. Eleven CSF levels were tested, (7 ventricular, 4 lumbar) in three CM patients. Ventricular CSF levels were undetectable despite detectable plasma levels. All lumbar CSF levels were detectable (mean 1.00 µg/ml). Three pairs of lumbar CSF/plasma concentrations taken within 1 h of each other yielded a mean CSF/plasma ratio of 0.31. Isavuconazole was detectable in lumbar but not ventricular CSF in three patients treated for refractory CM.

Lay Summary
Isavuconazole is a triazole antifungal that has been used as salvage therapy in the treatment of coccidioidal meningitis (CM). Few data exist characterizing its concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We report tandem plasma and CSF concentrations of isavuconazole in three patients with CM.
H2 molecular gas absorption-selected systems trace CO molecular gas-rich galaxy overdensities
Authors: Klitsch Anne , Péroux Céline , Zwaan Martin A , De Cia Annalisa , Ledoux Cédric , Lopez Sebastian 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Absorption-selected galaxies offer an effective way to study low-mass galaxies at high redshift. However, the physical properties of the underlying galaxy population remain uncertain. In particular, the multiphase circumgalactic medium is thought to hold key information on gas flows into and out of galaxies that are vital for galaxy evolution models. Here, we present ALMA observations of CO molecular gas in host galaxies of H2-bearing absorbers. In our sample of six absorbers, we detect molecular gas-rich galaxies in five absorber fields, although we did not target high-metallicity (&gt;50 per cent solar) systems for which previous studies reported the highest detection rate. Surprisingly, we find that the majority of the absorbers are associated with multiple galaxies rather than single haloes. Together with the large impact parameters, these results suggest that the H2-bearing gas seen in absorption is not part of an extended disc, but resides in dense gas pockets in the circumgalactic and intragroup medium.
Locus-specific transcription silencing at the FHIT gene suppresses replication stress-induced copy number variant formation and associated replication delay
Authors: Park So Hae , Bennett-Baker Pamela , Ahmed Samreen , Arlt Martin F , Ljungman Mats , Glover Thomas W , Wilson Thomas E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Impaired replication progression leads to de novo copy number variant (CNV) formation at common fragile sites (CFSs). We previously showed that these hotspots for genome instability reside in late-replicating domains associated with large transcribed genes and provided indirect evidence that transcription is a factor in their instability. Here, we compared aphidicolin (APH)-induced CNV and CFS frequency between wild-type and isogenic cells in which FHIT gene transcription was ablated by promoter deletion. Two promoter-deletion cell lines showed reduced or absent CNV formation and CFS expression at FHIT despite continued instability at the NLGN1 control locus. APH treatment led to critical replication delays that remained unresolved in G2/M in the body of many, but not all, large transcribed genes, an effect that was reversed at FHIT by the promoter deletion. Altering RNase H1 expression did not change CNV induction frequency and DRIP-seq showed a paucity of R-loop formation in the central regions of large genes, suggesting that R-loops are not the primary mediator of the transcription effect. These results demonstrate that large gene transcription is a determining factor in replication stress-induced genomic instability and support models that CNV hotspots mainly result from the transcription-dependent passage of unreplicated DNA into mitosis.
Ceftolozane/Tazobactam and Imipenem/Relebactam Cross-Susceptibility Among Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa From Patients With Respiratory Tract Infections in ICU and Non-ICU Wards—SMART United States 2017–2019
Authors: Lob Sibylle H , DePestel Daryl D , DeRyke C Andrew , Kazmierczak Krystyna M , Young Katherine , Motyl Mary R , Sahm Daniel F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Carbapenem-nonsusceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa, which are more common in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and in patients in intensive care units (ICUs), pose difficult treatment challenges and may require new therapeutic options. Two β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) and imipenem/relebactam (IMI/REL), are approved for treatment of hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia.

Methods
The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute–defined broth microdilution methodology was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against P. aeruginosa isolates collected from patients with LRTIs in ICUs (n = 720) and non-ICU wards (n = 914) at 26 US hospitals in 2017–2019 as part of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) surveillance program.

Results
Susceptibility to commonly used β-lactams including carbapenems was 5–9 percentage points lower and MDR rates 7 percentage points higher among isolates from patients in ICUs than those in non-ICU wards (P &lt; .05). C/T and IMI/REL maintained activity against 94.0% and 90.8% of ICU isolates, respectively, while susceptibility to all comparators except amikacin (96.0%) was 63%–76%. C/T and IMI/REL inhibited 83.1% and 68.1% of meropenem-nonsusceptible (n = 207) and 71.4% and 65.7% of MDR ICU isolates (n = 140), respectively. Among all ICU isolates, only 2.5% were nonsusceptible to both C/T and IMI/REL, while 6.7% were susceptible to C/T but not to IMI/REL and 3.5% were susceptible to IMI/REL but not to C/T.

Conclusions
These data suggest that susceptibility to both C/T and IMI/REL should be considered for testing at hospitals, as both agents could provide important new options for treating patients with LRTIs, especially in ICUs where collected isolates show substantially reduced susceptibility to commonly used β-lactams.
Robot-Assisted Stereoelectroencephalography: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Kondylis Efstathios , Whiting Alexander C , Harasimchuk Stephen P , Bulacio Juan , Bingaman William 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Invasive neuromonitoring is an important component of presurgical workup and seizure onset zone localization in patients with epilepsy being considered for surgical resection. In the United States, intraparenchymal stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) electrodes have been replacing subdural grid electrodes for most cases, following a trend that has already matured in Europe. The use of robotic assistance has been shown to improve operative times and accuracy in SEEG electrode placement, as users benefit from the embedded planning software as well as the efficiency and accuracy of the robotic arm. The greatest barriers to implementation of this technology are the upfront cost and learning curve. This case-based surgeon's perspective operative video could benefit those considering incorporating robotic assistance for SEEG electrode placement. Those considering robotic assistance for pedicle screw placement and other budding applications may also benefit, as well as innovators looking for new applications.
The patient consented for the procedure, video recording, and inclusion in subsequent publications.
Crimes and Punishments of Imperial Women
Authors: Boatwright Mary T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Discussion of Domitia Longina, who survived allegations of adultery, Domitian’s divorce and (re)marriage, and his assassination, opens this chapter on imperial women and Roman law. Moving from Ulpian’s statement about legal rights and privileges of emperors and the Augusta, it covers norms and regulations for imperial women’s sexuality, particularly marriage and divorce, as well as crimes and punishments of imperial women, including the adultery cases and sentences of Julia the Elder in 2 BCE and Julia the Younger in 8 CE that Tacitus obliquely ties to treason. Reviewing finally imperial women’s fates at the deaths of their husband or other relative as emperor, the chapter concludes that inclusion in the imperial family brought women greater liability, but no immunity or impunity.
The Forgiven
Authors: Shoemaker David 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For most theorists, paradigm cases of direct blame consist in the feeling and expression of resentment. It has thus seemed natural for these theorists to begin by presenting, and leaning on, an analysis of resentment. But it turns out there are numerous conflicting analyses of it, and these disagreements ramify when theorists use resentment to tell us about the nature of both blame and its resolution in forgiveness. Resentment cannot bear such theoretical weight. So instead of starting at the front end of the blaming exchange with an analysis of resentment, this chapter starts at the back end with an account of what it takes to be successfully forgiven. This approach promises to yield several more determinate conclusions about (a) when the withdrawal of blame and forgiveness are appropriate and why; (b) the nature of the hard feelings that paradigm forgiveness withdraws; (c) why judgment is superfluous to this blaming and forgiving exchange; and (d) why resentment has been the wrong core blaming component to lean on all along.
Forgiveness as Renunciation of Moral Protest
Authors: Pereboom Derk 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, Derk Pereboom defends the claim that forgiveness is essentially the renunciation of a stance of moral protest. Forgiveness need not be preceded by actual resentment or by any angry emotion. Rather, by virtue of regarding wrongdoers as blameworthy for past wrongdoing, forgivers regard the stance of moral protest against them as having been appropriate. In forgiving, they then renounce this stance. This renunciation is norm-changing, first of all because it involves moral protest changing from being appropriate to being inappropriate. Other alterations in norms may also accompany this change: earlier the wronged party perhaps legitimately demanded apology and amends, while upon forgiving, the request for new apologies and additional amends becomes inappropriate.
Forgiving Evil
Authors: Garrard Eve , McNaughton David 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Are evil acts forgivable? This question lies at the intersection of theories about the nature of evil and theories about the nature of forgiveness. Since evil acts seem to be the most plausible candidates for unforgivability, we start with a brief defense of the secular deployment of the idea of evil, and then move to an overview of various theories of evil. After providing an outline of what forgiveness involves, we consider what being unforgivable might actually amount to. Four possible accounts of being unforgivable are canvassed—psychological impossibility, psychological difficulty, lack of reasons for forgiveness, and a moral prohibition on forgiveness—and their implications for the opening question are considered. We conclude that nothing so far considered rules out the moral permissibility of forgiveness for evil acts. Finally, the question of whether forgiveness would enable the evildoer’s slate to be wiped clean at last is briefly considered.