bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of pigments and damages for the 19th century White-robed Water-moon Avalokitesvara Painting in Gongju Magoksa Temple, Republic of Korea
Authors: Yang Hye Ri , Lee Chan Hee , Yi Jeongeun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The White-Robed Water-Moon Avalokiteshvara painting displayed on the rear wall of Daegwangbojeon (main hall) in Magoksa temple, is one of the representative Buddhist paintings in the late nineteenth century of Korea, and a valuable resource for understanding the coloring techniques and characteristics of Buddhist paintings in terms of expression and description in landscape painting. In this painting, the contours and colored surface remain undamaged, but blistering and exfoliation appear on some pigment layers. Furthermore, the partial decomposition of wooden materials due to wood-decay fungi and insect damage were found on the rear wall requiring proper treatment for long-term conservation. As the results of chromaticity and P-XRF analysis regarding the color pigment layer of the painting, the pigments were classified into ten types. The results suggest that the colors other than blue, green, yellow, red, black, and white were prepared by mixing two or more pigments. The types of pigments according to colors, were determined as traditional pigments with azurite; emerald green or clinoatacamite; 0 massicot; minium or hematite; Chinese ink; and kaolin, white lead, and gypsum, respectively. Violet and pink colors were assumed to have been prepared by mixing white with blue and red. In most of these pigments, small amounts of synthetic compositions from the modern era were detected at many points.
Measuring the hidden burden of violence: use of explicit and proxy codes in Minnesota injury hospitalizations, 2004–2014
Authors: Santaularia N. Jeanie , Ramirez Marizen R. , Osypuk Theresa L. , Mason Susan M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeCommonly-used violence surveillance systems are biased towards certain populations due to overreporting or over-scrutinized. Hospital discharge data may offer a more representative view of violence, through use of proxy codes, i.e. diagnosis of injuries correlated with violence. The goals of this paper are to compare the trends in violence in Minnesota, and associations of county-level demographic characteristics with violence rates, measured through explicitly diagnosed violence and proxy codes. It is an exploration of how certain sub-populations are overrepresented in traditional surveillance systems.MethodsUsing Minnesota hospital discharge data linked with census data from 2004 to 2014, this study examined the distribution and time trends of explicit, proxy, and combined (proxy and explicit) codes for child abuse, intimate partner violence (IPV), and elder abuse. The associations between county-level risk factors (e.g., poverty) and county violence rates were estimated using negative binomial regression models with generalized estimation equations to account for clustering over time.ResultsThe main finding was that the patterns of county-level violence differed depending on whether one used explicit or proxy codes. In particular, explicit codes suggested that child abuse and IPV trends were flat or decreased slightly from 2004 to 2014, while proxy codes suggested the opposite. Elder abuse increased during this timeframe for both explicit and proxy codes, but more dramatically when using proxy codes. In regard to the associations between county level characteristics and each violence subtype, previously identified county-level risk factors were more strongly related to explicitly-identified violence than to proxy-identified violence. Given the larger number of proxy-identified cases as compared with explicit-identified violence cases, the trends and associations of combined codes align more closely with proxy codes, especially for elder abuse and IPV.ConclusionsViolence surveillance utilizing hospital discharge data, and particularly proxy codes, may add important information that traditional surveillance misses. Most importantly, explicit and proxy codes indicate different associations with county sociodemographic characteristics. Future research should examine hospital discharge data for violence identification to validate proxy codes that can be utilized to help to identify the hidden burden of violence.
Standardizing SPECT/CT dosimetry following radioembolization with yttrium-90 microspheres
Authors: Kim S. Peter , Juneau Daniel , Cohalan Claire , Enger Shirin A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Multiple post-treatment dosimetry methods are currently under investigation for Yttrium-90 ($$^{90}\hbox {Y}$$

90

Y

) radioembolization. Within each methodology, a variety of dosimetric inputs exists that affect the final dose estimates. Understanding their effects is essential to facilitating proper dose analysis and crucial in the eventual standardization of radioembolization dosimetry. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dose differences due to different self-calibrations and mass density assignments in the non-compartmental and local deposition methods. A practical mean correction method was introduced that permits dosimetry in images where the quality is compromised by patient motion and partial volume effects.

Methods
Twenty-one patients underwent $$^{90}\hbox {Y}$$

90

Y

radioembolization and were imaged with SPECT/CT. Five different self-calibrations (FOV, Body, OAR, Liverlung, and Liver) were implemented and dosimetrically compared. The non-compartmental and local deposition method were used to perform dosimetry based on either nominal- or CT calibration-based mass densities. A mean correction method was derived assuming homogeneous densities. Cumulative dose volume histograms, linear regressions, boxplots, and Bland Altman plots were utilized for analysis.

Results
Up to 270% weighted dose difference was found between self-calibrations with mean dose differences up to 50 Gy in the liver and 23 Gy in the lungs. Between the local deposition and non-compartmental methods, the liver and lung had dose differences within 0.71 Gy and 20 Gy, respectively. The local deposition method’s nominal and CT calibration-based mass density implementations dosimetric metrics were within 1.4% in the liver and 24% in the lungs. The mean lung doses calculated with the CT method were shown to be inflated. The mean correction method demonstrated that the corrected mean doses were greater by up to $$\sim 5$$

∼
5

Gy in the liver and lower by up to $$\sim 12$$

∼
12

Gy in the lungs.

Conclusions
The OAR calibration may be utilized as a potentially more accurate and precise self-calibration. The non-compartmental method was found more comparable to the local deposition method in organs that were more homogeneous in mass densities. Due to the potential for inflated lung mean doses, the non-compartmental and local deposition method implemented with nominal mass densities is recommended for more consistent dosimetric results. If patient motion and partial volume effects are present in the liver, our practical correction method will calculate more representative doses in images suboptimal for dosimetry.
Severe liver injury with traumatic cardiac arrest successfully treated by damage control surgery and transcatheter arterial embolization in the hybrid operating room: a case report
Authors: Hagiwara Masahiro , Iwata Yoshihiro , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Imai Koji , Yokoo Hideki , Ishitoya Shunta , Ogata Miki , Matsuno Naoto , Sumi Yasuo , Furukawa Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The damage control approach is known to reduce the mortality rate in severely injured patients and has now become a common practice. Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) has been shown to be useful with combining with damage control laparotomy in identifying and controlling active arterial hemorrhage. Hybrid operating room (OR) allows both damaged control surgery and TAE in the same location in minimal time. We report a case of a patient with three cardiac arrests who was saved by early intervention using damage control surgery (DCS) with interventional radiology (IVR) in the hybrid OR.

Case presentation
A 46-year-old woman was injured in a collision with a tree while snowboarding. She was eventually transported to hybrid operating room in our hospital with the diagnosis of significant liver laceration and hemorrhagic shock. Damage control surgery was performed with perihepatic packing (PHP) and TAE was conducted to stop active bleeding from right hepatic artery. She experienced 3 times of cardiopulmonary arrest, which was successfully resuscitated on each occasion. Although she had total of 3 times of laparotomy but tolerated well. She was discharged on day 82 of hospitalization and showed no neurological sequelae.

Conclusion
Saving the life of a patient with severe trauma requires a multidisciplinary approach with cooperation and early information sharing among trauma team members. Sharing treatment strategy with the trauma team and early intervention using DCS with IVR in the hybrid operating room could save the patient’s life.
Leptospirosis infections among hospital patients, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Hii King-Ching , Robie Emily R. , Saihidi Izreena , Berita Antoinette , Alarja Natalie A. , Xiu Leshan , Merchant James A. , Binder Raquel A. , Goh Johnny Keh-Tun , Guernier-Cambert Vanina , Galán Diego , Gregory Michael J. , Gray Gregory C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Leptospirosis diagnoses have increased in Sarawak, Malaysia in recent years.

Methods
To better understand the burden of disease and associated risk factors, we evaluated 147 patients presenting with clinical leptospirosis to local hospitals in Sarawak, Malaysia for the presence of Leptospira and associated antibodies. Sera and urine specimens collected during the acute illness phase were assessed via a commercially available rapid diagnostic test (Leptorapide, Linnodee Ltd., Antrim, Northern Ireland), an ELISA IgM assay (Leptospira IgM ELISA, PanBio, Queensland, Australia) and a pan-Leptospira real-time PCR (qPCR) assay to estimate disease prevalence and diagnostic accuracy of each method. Microagglutination testing was performed on a subset of samples.

Results
Overall, 45 out of 147 patients (30.6%) showed evidence of leptospires through qPCR in either one or both sera (20 patients) or urine (33 patients), and an additional ten (6.8%) were considered positive through serological testing, for an overall prevalence of 37.4% within the study population. However, each diagnostic method individually yielded disparate prevalence estimates: rapid test 42.2% for sera and 30.5% for urine, ELISA 15.0% for sera, qPCR 13.8% for sera and 23.4% for urine. Molecular characterization of a subset of positive samples by conventional PCR identified the bacterial species as Leptospira interrogans in 4 specimens. A multivariate risk factor analysis for the outcome of leptospirosis identified having completed primary school (OR = 2.5; 95 CI% 1.0–6.4) and weekly clothes-washing in local rivers (OR = 10.6; 95 CI% 1.4–214.8) with increased likelihood of leptospirosis when compared with those who had not.

Conclusion
Overall, the data suggest a relatively high prevalence of leptospirosis in the study population. The low sensitivities of the rapid diagnostic test and ELISA assay against qPCR highlight a need for better screening tools.
Evaluation of the partners in research course: a patient and researcher co-created course to build capacity in patient-oriented research
Authors: Courvoisier Melissa , Baddeliyanage Richelle , Wilhelm Linda , Bayliss Lorraine , Straus Sharon E. , Fahim Christine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
In the past decade, patient-oriented research (POR) has been at the forefront of healthcare research in Canada because it has the potential to make research more meaningful and relevant to patient needs. Despite this growing emphasis on and expectation to conduct POR, there is limited guidance about how to apply POR in practice. To address this capacity building need, the Knowledge Translation (KT) Program and patient partners co-designed, delivered, and evaluated Partners in Research (PiR), a 2-month online course for patients and researchers to collectively learn how to conduct and engage in POR.

Methods
PiR was delivered to 4 cohorts of patients and researchers between 2017 and 2018. For each cohort, we evaluated the impact of the course on participants’ knowledge, self-efficacy, intentions, and use of POR using surveys at 3 time points: baseline, post-course and 6-months post-course. We also monitored the process of course design and delivery by assessing implementation quality of the PiR course. Participants were asked to rate their satisfaction with course format, course materials, quality of delivery and their level of engagement via a 7-point Likert scale in the post-course survey.

Results
A total of 151 participants enrolled in the PiR course throughout the 4 cohorts. Of these, 49 patients and 33 researchers (n = 82 participants) consented to participate in the course evaluation. Process and outcome evaluations collected over a 9-month period indicated that participation in the PiR course increased knowledge of POR concepts for patients (p < .001) and for researchers (p < .001) from pre-course to post-course timepoints. Likewise, self-efficacy to engage in POR increased from baseline to post-course for both patients (p < .001) and researchers (p < .001). Moreover, participants reported high levels of satisfaction with content, delivery and interactive components of the course.

Conclusions
The PiR course increased capacity in POR for both researchers and patients. This work enhances our understanding of how to design useful and engaging education opportunities to increase patient and researcher capacity in POR.
Inequalities in adherence to the continuum of maternal and child health service utilization in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis
Authors: Geda Nigatu Regassa , Feng Cindy Xin , Henry Carol J. , Lepnurm Rein , Janzen Bonnie , Whiting Susan J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite progress made to improve access to child health services, mothers’ consistent utilization of these services has been constrained by several factors. This study is aimed at assessing the inequalities in key child health service utilization and assess the role of antenatal care (ANC) on subsequent service use.

Method
The analysis of the present study was based on the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys, a nationally representative sample of 10,641 children. A health service utilization score was constructed from the affirmative responses of six key child health interventions associated with the most recent birth: ANC service, delivery of the last child at health facilities, postnatal care services, vitamin A intake, iron supplementation and intake of deworming pills by the index child. A mixed effect Poisson regression model was used to examine the predictors of health service utilization and three separate mixed effect logistic regression models for assessing the role of ANC for continued use of delivery and postnatal care services.

Results
The results of mixed effect Poisson regression indicate that the expected mean score of health service utilization was lower among non-first birth order children, older and high parity women, those living in polygamous families and women living in households with no access to radio. The score was higher for respondents with better education, women who had previous experience of terminated pregnancy, residing in more affluent households, and women with experiences of mild to high intimate partner violence. Further analysis of the three key health services (ANC, delivery, and postnatal care), using three models of mixed effect logistic regression, indicates consistent positive impacts of ANC on the continuum of utilizing delivery and postnatal care services. ANC had the strongest effects on both institutional delivery and postnatal care service utilization.

Conclusion
The findings implicated that maternal and child health services appear as continuum actions/behavior where utilization of one affects the likelihood of the next service types. The study indicated that promoting proper ANC services is very beneficial in increasing the likelihood of mothers utilizing subsequent services such as delivery and postnatal care services.
On the relation between the similarity of the acoustic distribution patterns of vowels and the language closeness
Authors: Harnud Huhe , Xuewen Zhou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBased on the “Unified Platform for Speech Acoustic Parameters of Chinese Minority Languages”, this paper calculates and compares the acoustic distribution of vowels in Mongolian, Uyghur, and Ewenki and proposes a hypothesis that the relevance between the similarity of the acoustic distribution patterns of vowels and language closeness does exist. It indicates that the acoustic pattern implies clues of closeness and relevance among the three languages. The results demonstrate that, in terms of vowels, Mongolian and Ewenki are closely related. Both those languages and the Uyghur language are distant relatives, with only typological similarity. This paper provides a new perspective for the research methodology of language kindred. It proves that the comparison of acoustic pattern is of significance in studies in linguistics, linguistic typology, historical comparative linguistics, and anthropology.
Neurophysiological biomarkers of peripheral nervous system affection in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Ali Hossam Abd El Monem , Al-Adl Ahmed Salama 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is accompanied by substantial systemic dysregulations that comprise systemic inflammation and neurohormonal activation in addition to many neurological involvements, such as cerebrovascular diseases, polyneuropathies, motor neuron diseases, and cognitive impairment has been described in COPD patients. The aim of the current work was to detect the subclinical affection of the peripheral nervous system in patients with stable COPD.

Results
Forty COPD patients and 30 subjects as healthy control were enrolled. All included subjects were submitted to complete medical history, clinical evaluations, investigations in the form of; arterial blood gases, spirometry, in addition to nerve conduction study. The patients with COPD were classified according to GOLD criteria for severity in grade I in 7.5% grade II in 62.5%, grade III in 20%, and grade IV in 10%. The results show a statistically significant increase in distal latency and a statistically significant decrease of amplitude and conduction velocity in patients with COPD when compared to the examined nerves of control group. The demyelinating nerve affection was the most common.

Conclusion
In COPD patients the peripheral nervous system could be affected subclinically once the severity of COPD increased and the patient should be neurophysiologically observed for early recognition of peripheral nervous system affection.
Normative FJS-12 scores for the knee in an Asian population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lee Jia Ying , Yeo Wai Weng , Chia Zi Yang , Chang Paul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The Forgotten Joint Score is a patient-reported outcome measure validated in assessing patients post knee arthroplasty, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery and patellar dislocation. A previous study had established the normative scores of a population in the USA but included knees with pathology. The aim of our study is to obtain normative Forgotten Joint Scores in young Asian adults without any pre-existing knee pathologies to increase the interpretability of the Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12) score.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study across young healthy Asian adults via electronic platforms. Participants who had sought either Western medical consultation, physiotherapy or traditional medical therapies were excluded. Demographic data, occupation, type of sport played, and FJS-12 scores were collected. Scores were stratified into subgroups and analysed.

Results
There were 172 participants who met our inclusion criteria for this study. The average age of participants in our study was 28.1 ± 10.5 years (range 14–70 years), with 83 (47.7%) participants falling into the ages 21–25 years. Average body mass index (BMI) was 21.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2 (range 14.7–36.3 kg/m2). The average FJS-12 score was 62.8 ± 25.6. The median FJS-12 was 63.5 with a range of 4.2–100. Nine participants (5.2%) scored the maximum score possible, and 56 (32.6%) participants scored below the midpoint score of 50. The percentiles for each subgroup of participants were tabulated and reported. Notably, males aged 46–70 years old scored the highest average FJS-12 score of 73.4 ± 5.5, and females aged 31–45 years old scored the lowest FJS-12 score of 57.1 ± 25.1. Females scored lower than males, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.157). There were no significant correlations between BMI, age, or type of sport played with FJS-12; however, interestingly, we observed that women reported similar FJS-12 scores across all age groups, while men reported better scores with increasing age.Interestingly,
we observed that women reported similar FJS-12 scores across all age groups,
while men reported better scores with increasing age.

Conclusion
Having normative values provides opportunities for benchmarking and comparing individuals against age- and gender-matched peers in the general population. Knowledge of normative values for FJS-12 scores would aid evaluating and tracking progress in patients recovering from injuries or undergoing post-surgery rehabilitation. This would help clinicians determine if they return to ‘normal’ post intervention.
Case report: a de-novo 7p12.3 microduplication detected in an infant with perineal hamartoma and imperforate anus
Authors: Kocaaga Ayca , Yimenicioglu Sevgi , Alıcı Cigdem Arslan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Anorectal malformations (ARM) represent a wide spectrum of defects. Caudal and genitourinary malformations can associate with anorectal malformations. Genetic factors may play role in the development of anorectal malformations. Perineal masses like sacrococcygeal teratoma, rectal prolapse, or duplication cysts were reported before, but their association with perineal hamartoma and anal atresia is extremely rare.

Case presentation
Here, we report an 11-month-old female infant. She had 551 kb duplication at 7p12.3 with perineal hamartoma and anal atresia consisting a cystic lesion with a diameter of 4 mm at the filum terminale (L2 vertebra) on lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in neonatal period. She presented with hypotonia. She had anorectal anomaly and external perineal mass bulging from left major labium extending across anal region with imperforate anus. There was 1 × 1 cm polyp-like protrusion on it. She was operated in neonatal period. Genetic laboratory investigations showed karyotype 46, XX. The microduplication of the chromosome 7p12.3 was detected by microarray analysis. There were not any significant homozygous or heterozygous variants determined by whole-exome sequencing.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with a microduplication of the chromosome 7p12.3, and second case with perineal hamartoma and imperforate anus. Clinicians should pay attention to microdeletions and microduplications while giving genetic counseling to patients with urogenital and anorectal abnormalities.