bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and development of a ball-plate balancing system with a smart phone human-machine interface
Authors: Madhumitha G , Suresh Kumar S , Gurupriya A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Technology is so ahead that sophisticated processes could be accessed and controlled by a smart phone through which human-machine interaction is made easy and taken to the next higher level. A classic example of a highly unstable non-linear mechatronic process is a ball-plate balancing system. This paper presents the mathematical model and design of a typical two axes ball-plate balancing system, where the roll and pitch of the plate is controlled by the actuation of two servo motors. An image processing algorithm acts on the video feed obtained by a vision system, to read the position of the ball on the plate in real time. A proportional-integral-derivative controller is implemented to position the ball on a desired location on the plate. A mobile application forming an intuitive human-machine interface is developed to interact, monitor and control the operation of the ball-plate balancing system. The developed system has an error of 1.29 % in positioning the ball with a settling time of about 26.4 seconds.
Coordinated String Stability Control for Vehicle Platoons with Faster Settling
Authors: Nandhini M , Mohamed Rabik M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Coordinated adaptive cruise control (CACC) is a type of adaptive cruise control (ACC) that enables the driver to set the vehicle speed and the distance between current and preceding vehicles as well as helps to gather the data from vehicles around it and form a platoon. The main objectives for the paper are to implement coordinated cruise control, to minimize steady state spacing error while maintaining the string stability and to get earlier settling of string stability under external disturbances. Design, simulation, and testing of CACC under various conditions have been performed. Both feedback and feed forward controls have been employed for implementing the system model with controllers. It is assumed that all vehicles are having wireless access to share the speed and distance related information. It is observed that settling time for the string stability has been improved. The model has been simulated under disturbances and results are compared with existing ACC control. The simulation results validate proposed model in terms of settling of string stability.
Yaw Moment Compensation by Actuator-Based Control of Brake System in Automobiles
Authors: Bisht Vaibhav , Saravanakumar D , Sakthivel G , Sivakumar R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The growing use of brake systems in enhancing vehicle performance along with safety has promised a greater class of innovation. The presented research first discusses a vehicle dynamics model that accounts for the longitudinal and lateral forces acting on the wheels to compute the yaw moment acting on the vehicle based on the steering angle. Dynamic load transfer due to combined action of gravitational load, gyroscopic couple and centripetal force for real-time behavior is considered in the vehicle dynamics model. With a difference in theory and practice, work then focuses on the various disturbances that affect the dynamics of any vehicle under yawing action. The effect of wind disturbance is considered in-depth for the research and other factors like undesirable tire behavior have been discussed as well. For yaw moment compensation, a unique brake system layout with two circuits (primary & secondary), making the use of shuttle valves has been devised and a closed-loop control system is implemented. Each wheel is autonomously provided a brake force by an electromechanical actuator, computed by its respective PID controller to compensate for the variation in yaw moment caused due to external disturbances.
Brain Computer Interface Controlled Wheel Chair
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Mahajan Rahul , Sakthivel G , Saravanakumar D , Raghukiran N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Brain computer interface wheel chair specially designed for paralyzed and disabled person who are not capable to operate normal wheel chair. This wheel chair is based on (BCI) Brain computer interface, it can control the wheel chair from brain neurons by the help of BCI. Brain computer interface (BCI) is a computer-based system that obtain brain signal that can be controlled by Neurosky Sensor which is an electrophysiological process to archive the electrical activity of the brain. A BCI system recognize users to grant their determination by study their brain signals. This technology is very helpful for paralyzed and disabled person they can easily moves wheel chair in any direction.
Analysis of Fuzzy and PID control in Pacemaker with cardiovascular model
Authors: Manoj Srivatsn S , Vamsi Venkata Sai Kumar V , Sakthivel G , Saravanakumar D , Raghu Kiran N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cardiac Pacemakers have been effectively implemented to balance the electrical conduction network of the heart; A pacemaker’s primary function is to control an optimal heart rhythm, either because the elementary design of pacemaker of the heart is not quick enough, or because there is a barrier in the electrical conduction mechanism of the heart. Modern pacemakers are capable of external tuning and it enables optimal pacing modes for individual patients to be selected by a cardiologist, especially a cardiac electrophysiologist. In this study, linear and non-linear control logic for the regulation of the electrical response from the cardiac pacemaker has been studied with evaluation. The logic is constructed based on the mathematical model of the heart which has been converted from physiological model to electromechanical model. The pacemaker regulation, based on the control logic is evaluated on the grounds of the PQRST wave complex and the precision of the complex.
Structural and dc electrical transport study of Cu-Zn ferrialuminates prepared by chemical route
Authors: Sankpal U B , Kulkarni A M , Waghadare S. S. , Sukhatankar K V , Kulkarni P P , Sathe D J 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFerrimagnetic ionic crystalline materials, with general formula AB2O4are termed as spinel phase ferrites. Electro – magnetic properties, concentration of different ions and surface morphology of mixed–metal oxides shows significant applications in the various fields. In above work, Cu doped Zn ferrialuminate were prepared by sol-gel auto-combustion route. Purity of the synthesized materials were confirmed by XRD analysis which reveals the formation spinal phase structure and by applying the Debye-Scherer’s formula. Nanocrystalline nature of the samples were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The particle was found in the nanorange. The temperature dependent DC electrical conductivity was studied by two probe method. Semiconductor behavior with the rise in temperature were found in all the samples.
Improving the fatigue life of the tool-joint of drill pipes by optimizing the variable pitch of the box thread
Authors: Kopei V B , Onysko O R , Panchuk A G , Dzhus A P , Protsiuk V R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The reliability of oil drill-strings largely depends on the reliability of tool-joints. It is known that the load along the tool-joint thread is distributed unevenly and it is possible to equalize it by applying a variable thread pitch of a pin or a box. The article describes the optimization method of the pitch change function along the box thread by maximizing of the minimum value of fatigue life in the pin roots. Additionally, the value of the contact pressure on the shoulder, which determines the screw make-up force, is taken into account. To implement the method, we used the Abaqus/CAE and fe-safe software, the parametric axisymmetric finite element model of the tool-joint developed by the authors and the procedures for local (BFGS method) and global (Differential Evolution method) optimization from the SciPy package.
Experimental analysis of effect of speed and time on aluminium nanoparticles fabricated by high energy ball milling
Authors: Sarode Vijay B. , Patil Ravindra D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Metal Matrix Composites are technologically advance material identified in recent era as a substitute for traditional engineering materials because of their excellent properties. Out of the available material, demand for Aluminium Matrix Composites are increasing in the sector of aerospace, automobile and defense applications. The Aluminium Matrix Composites are majorly accepted because of their excellent physical and mechanical properties. There are various manufacturing techniques developed for the fabrication of AMCs. High energy ball milling is a one of the most effective and versatile routes for fabrication of nano aluminium powder. The Al powder of 99.55% purity was taken for experimentation. The 60gm of Al powder was taken in stainless steel vial with BPR as 5:1. The stainless steel balls of diameter 4mm was used as a grinding media. The ball milling was performed at different speed and time in presence of 60ml toluene as process control agent. The characterization of powder particle was done with XRD and SEM. The analysis of peak were done on origin software. The optimum speed and milling time for fabrication of Al nanoparticles of size 36 nm were found to be at 250rpm and 3 to 6 hours.
Effect of surfactant mediated inter-particle interactions on the magnetic properties of Manganese Zinc Ferrite ferrofluid
Authors: ReenaMary A. P. , Divya D. , Jestin M. G. , Omari Imad Al , Anantharaman M R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ferrofluids of spinel ferrites presents a multitude of applications in engineering and biomedical fields. The nature of the divalent ions and their occupancy decides the magnetic properties of the spinel ferrites. The nanoparticles of these ferrites and their suspensions in various liquids are of great fundamental interest as well. This paper reports the synthesis and magnetic relaxation studies on fluid particles of Zinc substituted manganese ferrite. Nanoparticles of manganese zinc ferrite with a particle size around 5 -6 nm, are synthesized by chemical method and suspended in kerosene and water, with proper surfactants. The structural characterization is carried out by x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The magnetic properties are studied by employing a SQUID magnetometer. The temperature dependent static magnetic measurements and analysis reveal the inter particle interaction effects on the overall magnetic behavior of the constituent magnetic nanoparticles. The modification of the magnetic relaxation based on the surfactant is analysed.
Building Machine Learning Model for Predicting Breast Cancer Using different Regression Techniques
Authors: Devasena K. , Shana J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the major life-threatening diseases in the world today. But early diagnosis would ensure timely treatment and even recovery. Apart from the medical procedures that help to identify cancer, techniques such as machine learning can be applied to predict the occurrence of the disease in patients by analyzing their cell data. In this work, an attempt is made to apply three different regression techniques Multiple, Ridge, and Polynomial regression techniques. The performance metrics reveal that Multiple regression has a better performance compared to the other models.
Photocatalytic Behavior of Ferroelectric Materials: Comparative Study of BaTiO3 and Ag-loaded BaTiO3 for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Siddiqui Moin Ali , Jaiswal Piyush 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This work investigated the photocatalytic-induced degradation of organic dyes in the wastewater using barium titanate (BaTiO3) supported silver (Ag) metal particles. BaTiO3 ceramics were synthesized using a solid-state reaction route. Ag metal was loaded on BaTiO3 particles using silver nitrate and polyethylene glycol reagents at room temperature without heat and light source. Ag-loaded BaTiO3 powder was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Ag-loaded BaTiO3 powder showed more degradation of Rhodamine B (RB) dye as compared to BaTiO3 powder. Around 95.05, 94.75, and 94.5 % of RB dye degradation were observed within 180 min under visible light during the first, second, and third photocatalytic cycles. The photon-induced strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Ag metal has played a critical role in the induction of visible light photocatalysis in Ag-loaded BaTiO3 powder.
Analysis and Simulation of Stability Technique of ALFC in Isolated Area of Power System
Authors: Michail C Sanitha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Major function of ALFC loop (automatic load frequency control) in a power system is to regulate the megawatt output and frequency of the generator. Variation in the load demand brings variation in the response of the system frequency. State equations of ALFC loop of an isolated power system, with and without integrator, are examined in the paper. This paper deals with the analysis and simulation of pole placement technique for stability of the system. Pole placement method will help the designers to choose the appropriate design parameters to get the desired response from the system.
Implementation of BL-PFC Converter Fed BLDC Motor Drive for Application less than 800 W
Authors: Dhamodharan S. , Sebastirani K. , Dhanaseelan N , Guru Prasath T.V , Nivedha S , Harikumar Swathi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the performance of a PFC SEPIC-fed BLDC motor drive for low-power applications. The BLDC motor’s speed is regulated by changing the DC connection voltage of the VSI that supplies the BLDC motor. The VSI feeding BLDC motor is used to electronically commutate the BLDC motor, which works at a low frequency to minimise switching losses. A bridgeless design of a single-ended primary-inductor converter is proposed that eliminates the need for a diode bridge rectifier. A PFC-based SEPIC is intended to operate in a discontinuous inductor current mode, with a single voltage sensor, to achieve inherent power factor correction at the AC mains. The converter proposed here has a low conduction loss, a low harmonic content, and a power factor that approaches unity. Simulate the circuit by connecting the output voltage to a resistive load. The recommended drive’s output is tested experimentally on a built prototype. At the AC mains, improved power quality is achieved under all conditions, and thus the obtained power quality indices are obtained. MATLAB-Simulink is used for all simulation work.
Implementation of sustainable materials in an existing residential building and comparison
Authors: Prajwal S , Akashaya Kumar V H , Patil Nayana N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Construction and construction related industries are chiefly responsible for depletion of natural resources and environmental problems, hence it is necessary to solve these issues using sustainable materials and techniques. In the study, a few alternative sustainable materials have been selected and have been implemented in an existing residential building. The effectiveness of sustainable materials in reducing the embodied energy and carbon footprint is enumerated in the selected conventional building constructed in 2014 and re-estimated as per the current SR Book of rates. The materials like building blocks, flooring material, paints, doors and windows and conventional slabs are replaced by their alternatives chosen through a detailed literature survey. To quantify usefulness of green materials in terms of cost and positive environmental impacts like reduced embodied energy and carbon footprint, a similar green residential building is proposed and to conduct comparative study for green versus conventional with all respective aspects. Materials used are brick prepared using mine waste, SHGC glass, filler slab, Bamboo doors and windows and low VOC paint materials. Overall construction cost is also 15.2% lesser than conventional as per the abstract between re-estimated conventional building and the sustainable green building. The overall carbon foot print and the embodied energy of sustainable green building is 39.3% lesser than the conventional one.
Influence of number of studs on compliance of a flight intersection joint
Authors: Umakanth M , Uday Kumar P , Narayanamurthy V. , Korla S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Flight intersection joints are temporary joints used to integrate one airframe section with another. They are characterized by their capacity to resist the rotational flexibility when subjected to an external bending moment, commonly termed as the joint rotational compliance (JRC). Currently, JRC is quantified mostly by extensive experiments on the flight intersection joints. The influence of number of studs in a stud-pocket type intersection joint on JRC is not yet well understood in literature which is addressed in this paper through numerical simulations. The variation in joint compliance and its dependence on number of studs are brought out through the analysis of circumferential distribution of joint displacement, JRC and joint rotational stiffness.
Fabrication of titanium dioxide nanotubes with reduced bandgaps by varying electrolytic concentrations
Authors: Bhadra C U , Raja Dr D Henry , Davidson Dr D Jonas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The main objective of this work is to fabricate titanium dioxide nanotubes of reduced bandgaps for hydrogen generation. Nano scaled material has many peculiar properties than the bulk ones and has led to great break in various fields of science and technology. Titanium dioxide nanotubes have great potential because of its functional properties such as large surface to volume ratio. The TiO2 nanotubes are grown by electrochemical anodization method at constant DC voltage of 12V for 1 hour. For sample A 0.25 wt% of potassium fluoride dissolved in 99% of ethylene glycol with molarity 0.004M is used as electrolyte. For samples B,C and D the electrolytic solution was prepared by the dissolution of 0.004M of ethylene glycol with copper nitrate(Cu(NO3)23H2O) solution of different concentration (0.002mM,0.003M,0.004M).Titanium dioxide nanotubes formed were studied by Field Emission Scanning Microscope and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy and the results were discussed.
SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding mutations and antibody contact sites
Authors: Mejdani Marios , Haddadi Kiandokht , Pham Chester , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutations can impact infectivity, viral load, and overall morbidity/mortality during infection. In this analysis, we look at the mutational landscape of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain, a structure that is antigenic and allows for viral binding to the host. We develop a bioinformatics platform and analyze 104 193 Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data sequences acquired on 15 October 2020, with a majority of sequences (96%) containing point mutations. We report high frequency mutations with improved binding affinity to ACE2 including S477N, N439K, V367F, and N501Y and address the potential impact of RBD mutations on antibody binding. The high frequency S477N mutation is present in 6.7% of all SARS-CoV-2 sequences, co-occurs with D614G, and is currently present in 14 countries. To address RBD-antibody interactions, we take a subset of human-derived antibodies and define their interacting residues using PDBsum. Our analysis shows that RBD mutations were found in approximately 9% of our dataset, with some mutations improving RBD-ACE2 interactions. We also show that antibody-mediated immunity against SARS-CoV-2 enlists broad coverage of the RBD, with multiple antibodies targeting a variety of RBD regions. These data suggest that it is unlikely for neutralization/RBD antibody binding to be significantly impacted, as a whole, in the presence of RBD point mutations that conserve the RBD structure.
Quid Pro Quo? A Review on Bee Utilization of Pollinator-Independent Crops
Authors: Kral-O’Brien Katherine C , Hovick Torre J , Harmon Jason P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Previous exploration has found that bee visitation tends to benefit yields of many pollinator-independent crops. However, the reverse of this relationship—if pollinator-independent crops benefit bees—has not been extensively studied or explicitly reviewed. Therefore, we initiated a review of the literature using Web of Science and EBSCOhost to determine whether: 1) bees collect pollen from pollinator-independent crops, and 2) pollinator-independent crops provided adequate nutrition for bees. These factors help establish if pollinator-independent crops could benefit bees. We found 45 peer-review articles that included bee pollen trap data on 13 pollinator-independent crops (self-pollinating and wind-pollinated plants), with Zea mays, Brassica napus, and Glycine max pollen most often found in pollen traps. Pollinator-independent crops averaged 12% of total pollen loads, but due to high variability, the median was only 1.6%. Pollen from pollinator-independent crops increased in landscapes with more agricultural cover, but our data was heavily skewed towards honey bees (Apis mellifera). We found the average crude protein for B. napus and G. max was high enough to support honey bee requirements (&gt;20%), along with providing essential amino acids; however, average crude protein and essential amino acids may be lacking in Z. mays. Although some pollinator-independent crops are found in pollen traps and provide adequate resources for bees, they may fail to provide temporally stable resources and chemical-free space. For improved health and reproduction, bees need access to semi-natural landscapes within diverse cropping systems to increase diet mixing. This will help amplify the mutualistic relationship between bees and pollinator-independent crops.
Comparison of gene expression and activation of transcription factors in organoid-derived monolayer intestinal epithelial cells and organoids
Authors: Takahashi Yu , Inoue Yu , Kuze Keitaro , Sato Shintaro , Shimizu Makoto , Kiyono Hiroshi , Yamauchi Yoshio , Sato Ryuichiro 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Intestinal organoids better represent in vivo intestinal properties than conventionally used established cell lines in vitro. However, they are maintained in three-dimensional culture conditions that may be accompanied by handling complexities. We characterized the properties of human organoid-derived two-dimensionally cultured intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) compared with those of their parental organoids. We found that the expression of several intestinal markers and functional genes were indistinguishable between monolayer IECs and organoids. We further confirmed that their specific ligands equally activate intestinal ligand-activated transcriptional regulators in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that culture conditions do not significantly influence the fundamental properties of monolayer IECs originating from organoids, at least from the perspective of gene expression regulation. This will enable their use as novel biological tools to investigate the physiological functions of the human intestine.