bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic hypertension in pregnancy stratified by first‐trimester blood pressure control and adverse perinatal outcomes: A prospective observational study
Authors: Dumitrascu‐Biris Dan , Nzelu Diane , Dassios Theodore , Nicolaides Kypros , Kametas Nikos A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess perinatal outcomes in women with chronic hypertension (CH) stratified into four groups according to their blood pressure (BP) control in the first trimester of pregnancy.Material and methodsThis was a prospective cohort study between January 2011 and June 2017, based in a university hospital in London, UK. The population consisted of four groups: group 1 included women without history of CH, presenting in the first trimester with BP >140/90 mmHg (n = 100). Groups 2‐4 had prepregnancy CH; group 2 had BP <140/90 mmHg without antihypertensives (n = 234), group 3 had BP <140/90 mmHg with antihypertensives (n = 272), and group 4 had BP ≥140/90 mmHg despite antihypertensives (n = 194). The main outcome measures were: fetal growth restriction, admission to neonatal (NNU) or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for ≥2 days, composite neonatal morbidity, and composite serious adverse neonatal outcome. Outcomes were collected from the hospital databases and for up to 6 weeks postnatally. Differences between groups were assessed using chi‐squared test and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the independent contribution of the four groups to the prediction of pertinent outcomes, after controlling for maternal characteristics.ResultsThere was a higher incidence of fetal growth restriction in groups 3 (17.6%) and 4 (18.2%), compared with groups 1 (10.0%) and 2 (11.1%) (P = .04). There were more admissions to the NNU for ≥2 days in groups 3 (23.2%) and 4 (25.0%), compared with groups 1 (17.0%) and 2 (13.2%) (P = .008); and more admissions to NICU for ≥2 days in groups 3 (9.2%) and 4 (9.4%), compared with groups 1 (3.0%) and 2 (3.4%) (P = .01). Composite neonatal morbidity was higher in groups 3 (22.4%) and 4 (21.4%), compared with groups 1 (17.0%) and 2 (11.5%) (P = .009). Composite serious adverse postnatal outcome was higher in groups 3 (3.3%) and 4 (4.2%), compared with groups 1 (1.0%) and 2 (0.9%) but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = .09). These results were also observed when values were adjusted for maternal characteristics.ConclusionsIn CH adverse perinatal outcomes are worse in women who are known to have CH and need antihypertensives in the first trimester of pregnancy. Women with newly diagnosed CH in the first trimester have similar outcomes to those with known CH who have antihypertensive treatment discontinued.
Does the charter form lead to lower borrowing costs? Examining the case of California local governments
Authors: Kim Junghack , McDonald Bruce D , Shon Jongmin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the impact of the charter form of government on the borrowing costs of local governments. A substantial amount of research has been undertaken to date in which scholars have investigated the determinants of borrowing costs for governments. However, little research has been conducted hitherto on the impact that the particular form of government – a key issuer characteristic – has on determining its specific borrowing costs. We hypothesized that a chartered government is more likely to be able to reduce its borrowing costs when it is benefiting from the municipal bond market; a government's flexibility and professionalism is desirable. We tested this hypothesis by using city and county government bond data from California that dates from 2003 to 2015. In our findings, we show that the financial flexibility that is afforded by a charter helps local governments to improve their credit ratings and to lower their borrowing costs.
Surgical approach for right‐sided colonic diverticular bleeding: A single‐center review of 43 consecutive cases
Authors: Kameyama Hitoshi , Yamazaki Toshiyuki , Iwaya Akira , Uehara Hiroaki , Utsumi Shiori , Hirai Motoharu , Komatsu Masaru , Kubota Akira , Katada Tomohiro , Kobayashi Kazuaki , Sato Daisuke , Yokoyama Naoyuki , Kuwabara Shirou , Otani Tetsuya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionWhile Asian populations develop colonic diverticular disease predominantly in the right colon, Western populations mainly present with left‐sided disease. The present study aimed to clarify the outcomes of surgical treatment for right‐sided colonic diverticular bleeding.MethodsMedical records of 43 patients who underwent surgery for right‐sided colonic diverticular bleeding between 2010 and 2019 were reviewed. Those whose general condition became unstable underwent open surgery at our institution. Patients were then divided into two groups, the open surgery group (n = 17) and laparoscopic surgery group (n = 26), after which operative outcomes between both groups were compared.ResultsThis study included 36 men and seven women with a median age of 76 (range: 37‐91) years. Laparoscopic surgery had a significantly longer operative time (183.5 minutes vs 110 minutes; P < .001) and significantly lower intraoperative blood transfusion rate (19.2% vs 82.4%; P < .001) than open surgery. The laparoscopic surgery group had earlier resumption of postoperative meals than open surgery group (postoperative day 3 vs postoperative day 4; P = .010). No significant difference in postoperative complications was observed between both groups. With regard to long‐term outcomes, none of the cases exhibited rebleeding from the right‐sided colon.ConclusionThe present study revealed that laparoscopic surgery promoted lower intraoperative blood transfusion rates and earlier resumption of postoperative meals compared to open surgery for right‐sided colonic diverticular bleeding. Hence, laparoscopic surgery can be feasible for right‐sided colonic diverticular bleeding provided that the patientʼs general condition is stable.
Anaerobic co‐digestion of dairy manure and Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) under thermophilic condition: Optimal ratio for biochemical methane production
Authors: Pan Zhifei , Qi Guangdou , Andriamanohiarisoamanana Fetra J. , Yamashiro Takaki , Iwasaki Masahiro , Umetsu Kazutaka 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnaerobic co‐digestion of animal manure and lignocellulosic biomass is a potent approach for sustainable biomethane production. Co‐digestion of dairy manure (DM) and Japanese knotweed (JK), which was collected from a riverbank, was investigated at five different DM‐to‐JK mixing ratios (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 60:40, and 0:100; wet weight basis) under thermophilic condition. The results showed that the methane yields obtain from the co‐digestion of DM and JK were much higher than that obtained from JK alone (104 ml/gVS), which indicates the synergistic effect and the benefits of co‐digesting JK with DM. The highest methane yield (232 ml/gVS) was obtained from the DM‐to‐JK ratio of 90:10, which was 14.9% and 123.1% higher than that from DM and JK alone, respectively. It also showed the highest synergistic effect (61 ml/gVS). However, further increase in JK ratios led to the decrease in methane yield and synergistic effect. Therefore, applying the co‐digestion of DM and JK at a ratio of 90:10 is recommended for biomethane production.
Land‐use history determines stand structure and tree diversity in vanilla agroforests of northeastern Madagascar
Authors: Osen Kristina , Soazafy Marie Rolande , Martin Dominic Andreas , Wurz Annemarie , März Adriane , Ranarijaona Hery Lisy Tiana , Hölscher Dirk 
Published: February 2021

AbstractQuestionIn human‐modified tropical landscapes, agroforestry is considered a promising land use to reconcile biodiversity conservation with production goals. The role of agroforests regarding conservation may be strongly influenced by land‐use history; however, few studies have explicitly investigated this. We therefore tested the importance of land‐use history for habitat structure and tree diversity in vanilla agroforests situated in a human‐modified tropical landscape.LocationSmallholder mosaic landscape of northeastern Madagascar.MethodsWe studied tree stand structure, diversity and composition in vanilla agroforests of contrasting land‐use history, old‐growth forests, forest fragments and woody fallows after slash‐and‐burn agriculture, which all contribute to the smallholder mosaic landscape of northeastern Madagascar. The vanilla agroforests were either derived directly from forest or otherwise from woody fallows after slash‐and‐burn agriculture.ResultsLand‐use history strongly influenced tree species diversity and composition in vanilla agroforests and also affected stand structure. Forest‐derived agroforests maintained high levels of tree species diversity and differed in community composition from fallow‐derived agroforests, which had relatively low levels of tree diversity. Additionally, forest‐derived vanilla agroforests harboured a significantly higher percentage of endemic species than fallow‐derived agroforests, and forest‐derived agroforests also shared many species with old‐growth forests and forest fragments. Fallow‐derived vanilla agroforests harboured a lower percentage of endemic species than woody fallows.ConclusionConsidering the land‐use history of agroforests is important to unfold their full potential as elements in a multifunctional human‐modified landscape. Forest‐derived agroforests are an alternative to forest conversion through slash‐and‐burn agriculture and have the potential to sustain high levels of species diversity and important habitat structures. In contrast, fallow‐derived agroforests regain stand structure on degraded historically forested land and thereby have the potential to increase canopy cover and connectivity at the landscape scale.
Experiences of completed and withdrawn unspecified kidney donor candidates in the United Kingdom: An inductive thematic analysis from the BOUnD study
Authors: Zuchowski Mira , Mamode Nizam , Draper Heather , Gogalniceanu Peter , Norton Sam , Chilcot Joseph , Clarke Alexis , Williams Lynsey , Auburn Timothy , Maple Hannah 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesThis study sheds light on some controversial aspects of unspecified kidney donation (UKD) as well as the ways in which potential donors are screened and prepared for the donation experience and its aftermath. The aim of this study was to qualitatively investigate the experiences of individuals involved in the United Kingdom (UK) UKD scheme, including those who complete the donation, are eventually medically withdrawn, or self‐withdraw. Better insight into the different experiences of these groups will provide useful guidance to clinical teams on how to better address the differing psychological needs of completed donors as well as those who do not proceed to donation.MethodsA purposive sample was recruited through the Barriers and Outcomes in Unspecified Donation (BOUnD) study covering 23 transplant centres in the United Kingdom. Semi‐structured interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim and subjected to inductive thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants consisted of 15 individuals who had donated, 11 who had been withdrawn by the transplant team and nine who had self‐withdrawn. The analysis resulted in six themes and 14 subthemes. The major themes were maximizing and sharing benefits; risk‐to‐motivation analysis; support; self‐actualization/finding meaning; the donor as patient; and relationship with the transplant team.ConclusionsThe data demonstrate that, although all donors enter the process with a similar level of commitment, those who did not proceed to donation expressed dissatisfaction and lingering emotional consequences linked to lack of follow‐up from transplant teams. The implication for the UKD programme is that from the beginning there needs to be a strategic and consistent approach to managing expectations in order to prepare those who embark on the donation process for all possible outcomes and their associated emotional consequences.
Internet safety, online radicalisation and young people with learning disabilities
Authors: Caton Sue , Landman Roderick 
Published: February 2021

Accessible Summary

A lot of people with learning disabilities enjoy using the Internet every day and use social media on their mobile phones. Staying safe online is important.

This research used interviews and focus groups to find out what children, young people, their parents and teachers thought about Internet safety, extremism and online radicalisation.

Extremism is when people have strong and dangerous views about laws or religion. Radicalisation is when people support extremism in a dangerous way. People can be targeted on the Internet to talk them into supporting extremism.

The young people said they knew a lot about staying safe online, but parents were concerned about risks.

When people with learning disabilities learn about staying safe online, they should be given information about online radicalisation and grooming for terrorism.

AbstractBackgroundYoung people with learning disabilities are increasingly using the Internet but can be vulnerable to being victimised online. As learning disability services develop guidance on how to support Internet use, it is important to explore what support is necessary.MethodsThis research used interviews and focus groups to explore what children, young people, their parents and teachers thought about Internet safety, extremism and online radicalisation.ResultsResults showed that the students were active Internet users and were confident about online safety but parents were concerned about the risks associated with Internet use. Following taking part in a peer education project that focussed on Internet safety and specifically about risks of online radicalisation and extremism, the students understood possible links between grooming and online radicalisation and their teachers increased their understanding of the importance of digital engagement for their students.
Smartphone and social media addiction: Exploring the perceptions and experiences of Canadian teenagers
Authors: Adorjan Michael , Ricciardelli Rosemary 
Published: February 2021

Abstract“Addiction” to internet‐connected technology continues to dominate media discourses of young people. Researchers have identified negative outcomes, including decreased mental health, resulting from anxieties related to technology, e.g., a fear of missing out and social connectivity related to online technologies. Not enough is known, however, regarding young people's own responses to these ideas. This paper highlights discussions with teenagers around the idea of internet addiction, exploring their experiences and perceptions regarding the idea that “kids today” are addicted to their devices, especially smartphones and the social network sites they often access from them. Thirty‐five focus group discussions with 115 Canadian teenagers (aged 13–19 years old) center on their use of information communication technologies, especially contemporary social network sites such as Snapchat, Instagram and Facebook. Our discussions reveal (1) that teens are actively embracing the label of addiction; (2) their ironic positioning occurs despite a felt sense of debased agency in relation to the power of the algorithms and affordances of the technologies mediating their use; and (3) rather than a stark divide between adults as “digital immigrants” versus young people as “digital natives,” our teens positioned themselves in contrast to both their parents and younger siblings, both of whom are criticized as addicted themselves. A consistent theme is the influence of peer groups who socially compel addictive behaviours, including the fear of missing out, rather than the technologies per se. Wider implications for thinking beyond solely young people as suffering from online addiction are considered.
Relations Among Parenting, Culture, and Prosocial Behaviors in U.S. Mexican Youth: An Integrative Socialization Approach
Authors: Streit Cara , Carlo Gustavo , Knight George P. , White Rebecca M.B. , Maiya Sahitya 
Published: February 2021

We examined the longitudinal relations among parental socialization practices—including acceptance or harsh parenting and ethnic socialization—ethnic identity, familism, and prosocial behaviors in a sample of U.S. Mexican youth. Participants included 462 U.S. Mexican adolescents (Mage at Wave 1 = 10.4 years old; 48.1% female), their mothers, and fathers at the 5th, 7th, 10th, and 12th grades. Results showed that maternal and paternal ethnic socialization predicted several forms of prosocial behaviors via ethnic identity and familism. Fathers’, but not mothers’, harsh parenting and acceptance had direct links to specific forms of prosocial behaviors. This study suggests the need for culturally informed theories that examine the reciprocal relations between two distinct domains of cultural socialization.
Food processing and its association with dental caries: Data from NHANES 2011‐2014
Authors: Bidinotto Augusto B. , Martinez‐Steele Eurídice , Cunha‐Cruz Joana , Thomson William M. , Hugo Fernando N. , Hilgert Juliana B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether proportional contribution of unprocessed or minimally processed, processed or ultra‐processed foods to daily energy intake is associated with dental caries in US adults.MethodsThis secondary cross‐sectional analysis included adults aged 20 to 59 years old with complete oral examinations, using data gathered from cycles 2011‐2012 and 2013‐2014 of the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary recall data were categorized according to the NOVA classification into four groups: unprocessed or minimally processed foods (Group 1), processed culinary ingredients (Group 2), processed foods (Group 3) and ultra‐processed foods (Group 4). The proportional contribution of each of these groups to mean daily energy intake was calculated and then cut into quartiles (Group 1, Group 3 and Group 4) or tertiles (Group 2). Two separate measures were used to assess dental caries: the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index and, after exclusion of edentulous participants, prevalence of untreated caries. Poisson regression was used to model DMFT, while logistic regression was used to model the prevalence of untreated dental caries. Models were calculated for each NOVA group. All models were controlled for age, gender, race/ethnicity, level of education, income, access to oral health services, body mass index, smoking status and total energy intake. Analyses took into account NHANES sampling weights.ResultsWe analysed data from 5720 individuals, of whom 123 (2.2%) were edentulous. Mean DMFT was 9.7 (± 0.2), while the prevalence of untreated dental caries was 26.0%. Mean daily energy intake was 2170 kcal (± 17). Mean contribution to overall daily energy intake was 28.6% (± 0.5) for G1 foods, 4.3% (± 0.1) for G2 foods, 10.1% (± 0.2) for G3 foods and 56.9% (± 0.5) for G4 foods. A higher intake of G3 was associated with lower DMFT at the fourth quartile (0.89; 95%: CI 0.81‐0.96), while a higher intake of G4 was associated with a higher DMFT at the fourth quartile (1.10; 95% CI: 1.04‐1.16). In the adjusted models for untreated dental caries, no statistically significant associations were found with any of the NOVA groups.ConclusionHigher proportional intake of NOVA groups is only weakly associated with dental caries. Widespread exposure to a highly ultra‐processed diet may explain these weak associations.
MiR-223-3p inhibits inflammation and pyroptosis in monosodium urate-induced rats and fibroblast-like synoviocytes by targeting NLRP3
Authors: Tian J , Zhou D , Xiang L , Liu X , Zhang H , Wang B , Xie B 
Published: February 2021

SummaryDown-regulated miR-223-3p was found in rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to further explore the level and role of miR-223-3p in gout arthritis (GA). After monosodium urate (MSU)-induced GA rat and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) models were established, the rat paw volume and gait score were documented and the FLSs were transfected with miR-223-3p mimic/inhibitor or NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) over-expression plasmids. The MiR-223-3p target was found through bioinformatics and the dual-luciferase reporter. The rat joint pathological damage was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and articular elastase in rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The viability and pyroptosis of FLSs were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and flow cytometry. The expressions of miR-223-3p, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (AS) and cleaved N-terminal gasdermin D (GSDMD) in FLSs or rat synovial tissues were detected by reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence, Western blot or immunohistochemistry analysis. MSU increased the paw volume, gait score, inflammation in synovial tissues and increased the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and articular elastase in rats. MSU decreased the viability and increased the pyroptosis of FLSs, up-regulated the expression of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, cleaved N-terminal GSDM, and IL-1β, and down-regulated miR-223-3p expression in synovial tissues of rat joints and FLSs. MiR-223-3p mimic reversed the effect of MSU on lowering cell viability, increasing pyroptosis in FLSs, while miR-223-3p inhibitor further enhanced the effect of MSU on FLSs. NLRP3 was a target of miR-223-3p. Also, NLRP3 over-expression reversed the effects of miR-223-3p on MSU-induced FLSs. MiR-223-3p inhibited pyroptosis in MSU-induced rats and FLSs by targeting NLRP3.
Delphi Project on the trends in Implant Dentistry in the COVID‐19 era: Perspectives from Latin America
Authors: Alarcón Marco Antonio , Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio , Shibli Jamil Awad , Treviño Santos Alejandro , Caram Santiago , Lanis Alejandro , Jiménez Paola , Dueñas Ricardo , Torres Ronald , Alvarado Jacinto , Avendaño Adrián , Galindo Roberto , Umanzor Vilma , Shedden Mónica , Invernizzi Carlos , Yibrin Caroll , Collins James , León Roberto , Contreras Luis , Bueno Luis , López‐Pacheco Andrea , Málaga‐Figueroa Lilian , Sanz Mariano 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo establish trends in Implant Dentistry in Latin America in the COVID‐19 pandemic.Material and methodsA steering committee and an advisory group of experts in Implant Dentistry were selected among eighteen countries. An open‐ended questionnaire by Delphi methodology was validated including 64 questions, divided in 7 topics, concerning the various trends in dental implantology. The survey was conducted in two rounds, which provided the participants in the second round with the results of the first. The questionnaires were completed on August 2020, and the online meeting conference was held on September 2020. The final prediction was developed through consensus by a selected group of experts.ResultsA total of 197 experts from Latin America answered the first and second questionnaire. In the first round, the established threshold for consensus (65%) was achieved in 30 questions (46.87%). In the second round, performed on average 45 days later, this level was achieved in 47 questions (73.43%). Consensus was completely reached on the item “Diagnostic” (100%), the field with the lowest consensus was “Demand for treatment with dental implants” (37.5%).ConclusionsThe present study in Latin America has provided relevant and useful information on the predictions in the education and practice of Implant Dentistry in the COVID‐19 era. The consensus points toward a great confidence of clinicians in the biosecurity protocols used to minimize the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission. It is foreseen as an important change in education, with introduction of virtual reality and other simulation technologies in implant training.