bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous massive hemothorax as a complication of necrotizing pneumonia in a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome: a case report
Authors: Jung Carolin , Gillmann Hans-Joerg , Stueber Thomas , Hinken Lukas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
We present an unusual bleeding complication in a patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in coronavirus disease 2019.

Case presentation
The patient, a 63-year-old Caucasian man, received venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support after rapid deterioration of lung function on day 6 after admission to hospital. After initial stabilization on lung protective ventilation and prone positioning, he started to develop mild bleeding complications until he went into occult profound hemorrhagic shock. Causative was a massive hemothorax of the right hemithorax with mediastinal shifting due to spontaneous bleeding from a pulmonal artery in a heavily remodeled right inferior lobe. Histopathological examination of the resected tissue showed signs of an organizing fibrinous pneumonia with focal parenchyma necrosis. After surviving a massive bleeding event caused by necrotizing pneumonia, the patient made a swift recovery and was discharged to rehabilitation 31 days after initial hospital admission.

Conclusions
The combination of severely elevated inflammatory markers and pulmonary hemorrhage should arouse suspicion of necrotizing pneumonia. In necrotizing pneumonia, the possibility of severe intrathoracic bleeding complications should be kept in mind if it comes to sudden deterioration of the patient.
Bovine-associated non-aureus staphylococci suppress Staphylococcus aureus biofilm dispersal in vitro yet not through agr regulation
Authors: Toledo-Silva Bruno , de Souza Fernando N. , Mertens Kristien , Piepers Sofie , Haesebrouck Freddy , De Vliegher Sarne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBiofilm formation is a significant virulence factor in Staphylococcus (S.) aureus strains causing subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. A role of environmental signals and communication systems in biofilm development, such as the agr system in S. aureus, is suggested. In the context of multispecies biofilm communities, the presence of non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) might influence S. aureus colonization of the bovine mammary gland, yet, such interspecies interactions have been poorly studied. We determined whether 34 S. chromogenes, 11 S. epidermidis, and 14 S. simulans isolates originating from bovine milk samples and teat apices (TA) were able to affect biofilm formation and dispersion of S. aureus, and if so, how isolate traits such as the capacity to regulate the S. aureus agr quorum sensing system are determinants in this process. The capacity of an agr-positive S. aureus strain to form biofilm was increased more in the presence of S. chromogenes than in the presence of S. simulans and S. epidermidis isolates and in the presence of NAS isolates that do not harbor biofilm related genes. On the other hand, biofilm dispersion of this particular S. aureus strain was suppressed by NAS as a group, an effect that was more pronounced by isolates from TA. Furthermore, the observed effects on biofilm formation and dispersion of the agr-positive S. aureus strain as well as of an agr-negative S. aureus strain did not depend on the capacity of NAS to repress the agr system.
Physical activity, resilience, emotions, moods, and weight control, during the COVID-19 global crisis
Authors: Zach Sima , Fernandez-Rio Javier , Zeev Aviva , Ophir Miki , Eilat-Adar Sigal 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed at exploring the relationships between physical activity, weight control, and psycho-social aspects of the COVID-19 lockdown, which have characterized the Israeli population’s behavior during the COVID-19 global crisis.

Design
Cross-sectional survey research.

Methods
Participants included 1855 men and women aged 18 and above, from different regions in the country and representing different sectors. They were recruited through the social media in a “snowball” sampling, and filled out a self-administered six-part survey: Demographic background, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the positive and negative affect scales (PANAS), the Conor and Davidson resilience scale, a questionnaire for measuring depressive symptoms, and questions regarding weight change based on the Israeli National Health and Nutrition (MABAT) survey.

Results
Routine physical activity (PA) was reported by 76.3% of the participants before the lockdown, 19.3% stopped exercising during this period, and 9.3% began exercising during the lockdown. The participants who were physically active during the lockdown period reported a higher level of resilience and positive feelings, and a lower level of depression, compared with those who were not physically active.
People who were physically active during the lockdown maintained their weight compared with those who were inactive. Concerning weight change, 44.8% of the respondents maintained their weight, and a higher percentage of people reported weight gain than those who reported weight loss.

Conclusions
Continuous PA before and during the COVID-19 lockdown were associated with higher resilience and positive emotions, and depressive symptoms, in people aged 18 and above. Although a causal link cannot be established, in light of the results of the present study, encouraging physical activity may contribute to improving mental health and a sense of self-efficacy, as well as to maintaining weight during a crisis.
Application of some special operators on the analysis of a new generalized fractional Navier problem in the context of q-calculus
Authors: Etemad Sina , Ntouyas Sotiris K. , Imran Atika , Hussain Azhar , Baleanu Dumitru , Rezapour Shahram 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe key objective of this study is determining several existence criteria for the sequential generalized fractional models of an elastic beam, fourth-order Navier equation in the context of quantum calculus (q-calculus). The required way to accomplish the desired goal is that we first explore an integral equation of fractional order w.r.t. q-RL-integrals. Then, for the existence of solutions, we utilize some fixed point and endpoint conditions with the aid of some new special operators belonging to operator subclasses, orbital α-admissible and α-ψ-contractive operators and multivalued operators involving approximate endpoint criteria, which are constructed by using aforementioned integral equation. Furthermore, we design two examples to numerically analyze our results.
Impact of climate change on biodiversity and food security: a global perspective—a review article
Authors: Muluneh Melese Genete 
Published: September 2021

AbstractClimate change is happening due to natural factors and human activities. It expressively alters biodiversity, agricultural production, and food security. Mainly, narrowly adapted and endemic species are under extinction. Accordingly, concerns over species extinction are warranted as it provides food for all life forms and primary health care for more than 60–80% of humans globally. Nevertheless, the impact of climate change on biodiversity and food security has been recognized, little is explored compared to the magnitude of the problem globally. Therefore, the objectives of this review are to identify, appraise, and synthesize the link between climate change, biodiversity, and food security. Data, climatic models, emission, migration, and extinction scenarios, and outputs from previous publications were used. Due to climate change, distributions of species have shifted to higher elevations at a median rate of 11.0 m and 16.9 km per decade to higher latitudes. Accordingly, extinction rates of 1103 species under migration scenarios, provide 21–23% with unlimited migration and 38–52% with no migration. When an environmental variation occurs on a timescale shorter than the life of the plant any response could be in terms of a plastic phenotype. However, phenotypic plasticity could buffer species against the long-term effects of climate change. Furthermore, climate change affects food security particularly in communities and locations that depend on rain-fed agriculture. Crops and plants have thresholds beyond which growth and yield are compromised. Accordingly, agricultural yields in Africa alone could be decline by more than 30% in 2050. Therefore, solving food shortages through bringing extra land into agriculture and exploiting new fish stocks is a costly solution, when protecting biodiversity is given priority. Therefore, mitigating food waste, compensating food-insecure people conserving biodiversity, effective use of genetic resources, and traditional ecological knowledge could decrease further biodiversity loss, and meet food security under climate change scenarios. However, achieving food security under such scenario requires strong policies, releasing high-yielding stress resistant varieties, developing climate resilient irrigation structures, and agriculture. Therefore, degraded land restoration, land use changes, use of bio-energy, sustainable forest management, and community based biodiversity conservation are recommended to mitigate climate change impacts.
Localizing hot spots in Poisson radiation data matrices: nonnegative tensor factorization and phase congruency
Authors: Thomason Michael G. , Jordan Benjamin S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDetecting and delineating hot spots in data from radiation sensors is required in applications ranging from monitoring large geospatial areas to imaging small objects in close proximity. This paper describes a computational method for localizing potential hot spots in matrices of independent Poisson data where, in numerical terms, a hot spot is a cluster of locally higher sample mean values (higher Poisson intensity) embedded in lower sample mean values (lower background intensity). Two numerical algorithms are computed sequentially for a 3D array of 2D matrices of gross Poisson counts: (1) nonnegative tensor factorization of the 3D array to maximize a Poisson likelihood and (2) phase congruency in pertinent matrices. The indicators of potential hot spots are closed contours in phase congruency in these matrices. The method is illustrated for simulated Poisson radiation datasets, including visualization of the phase congruency contours. The method may be useful in other applications in which there are matrices of nonnegative counts, provided that a Poisson distribution fits the dataset.
Public and decision-maker stated preferences for pharmaceutical subsidy decisions in Iran: an application of the discrete choice experiment
Authors: Afsharmanesh Gita , Rahimi Farimah , Zarei Leila , Peiravian Farzad , Mehralian Gholamhossein 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The argument about funding criteria poses challenges for health decision-makers in all countries. This study aimed to investigate the public and decision-maker preferences for pharmaceutical subsidy decisions in Iran.

Methods
A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used for eliciting the preferences of the public and decision-makers. Four attributes including health gain after treatment, the severity of the disease, prevalence of the disease, and monthly out of pocket and relevant levels were designed in the form of hypothetical scenarios. The analysis was done by using conditional logit analysis.

Results
The results show all of four attributes are important for pharmaceutical subsidy decisions. But a medicine that improves health gain after treatment is more likely to be a choice in subsidy decisions (by relative importance of 28% for public and 42% for decision-makers). Out of pocket, severity, and prevalence of disease subsequently influence the preferences of the public and decision-makers, respectively. The greatest difference is observed in changing the health gain after treatment and out of pocket levels, between public and decision-makers.

Conclusion
This research reveals that the public is willing and able to provide preferences to inform policymakers for pharmaceutical decision-making; it also sets grounds for further studies.
Point-of-care 3D printing: a low-cost approach to teaching carotid artery stenting
Authors: De Backer Pieter , Allaeys Charlotte , Debbaut Charlotte , Beelen Roel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS) is increasingly being used in selected patients as a minimal invasive approach to carotid endarterectomy. Despite the long standing tradition of endovascular treatments, visual feedback during stent-deployment is impossible to obtain as deployment is performed under fluoroscopic imaging. Furthermore, the concept of stent-placement is often still unclear to patients. 3D Printing allows to replicate patient-specific anatomies and deploy stents inside them to simulate procedures. As such these models are being used for endovascular training as well as patient education.

Purpose
To our knowledge, this study reports the first use of a low-cost patient-specific 3D printed model for teaching CAS deployment under direct visualization, without fluoroscopy.

Methodology
A CT-angiogram was segmented and converted to STL format using Mimics inPrint™ software. The carotid arteries were bilaterally truncated to fit the whole model on a Formlabs 2 printer without omitting the internal vessel diameter. Next, this model was offset using a 1 mm margin. A ridge was modelled on the original vessel anatomy which was subsequently subtracted from the offset model in order to obtain a deroofed 3D model. All vessels were truncated to facilitate post-processing, flow and guide wire placement.

Results
Carotid artery stents were successfully deployed inside the vessel. The deroofing allows for clear visualization of the bottlenecks and characteristics of CAS deployment and positioning, including stent foreshortening, tapering and recoil. This low-cost 3D model provides visual insights in stent deployment and positioning, and can allow for patient-specific procedure planning.

Conclusions
The presented approach demonstrates the use of low-cost 3D Printed CAS models in teaching complex stent behavior as observed during deployment. Two main findings are illustrated. On one hand, the feasibility of low-cost in-hospital model production is shown. On the other hand, the teaching of CAS deployment bottlenecks at the carotid level without the need for fluoroscopic guidance, is illustrated. The observed stent characteristics as shown during deployment are difficult to assess in radiologic models. Furthermore, printing patient-specific 3D models preoperatively could possibly assist in accurate patient selection, preoperative planning, case-specific training and patient education.
Evaluation of the antioxidant and cytotoxic potency of Euphorbia rigida and Arbutus andrachne methanol extracts in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in vitro
Authors: Aslantürk Özlem Sultan , Yılmaz Ebru Şebnem , Aşkın Çelik Tülay , Güzel Yelda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEthnobotanical studies on plants and their active compounds take a great interest in traditional medicine. After pharmacological and toxicological studies, there will be a possibility to be used in therapy. This study aimed to examine the in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the methanol extracts ofArbutus andrachneL. andEuphorbia rigidaM.Bieb. 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 µg mL−1concentrations ofA. andrachneandE. rigidawere tested for antioxidant activity by using DPPH radical scavenging assays, total antioxidant capacity (phosphomolybdate assay) and and metal ion chelating activity. In addition, in vitro cytotoxic effects of this plants methanol extracts on Hep3B and HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines were evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 h. The cytotoxicity test was carried using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay.ResultsMethanol extract obtained from both plants showed increased antioxidant activity depending on the increase in concentration. WhenA. andrachneandE. rigidamethanol extracts were compared in free DPPH scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity and metal ion chelating activity,A. andrachnemethanol extract was found more effective thanE. rigida. Results from MTT assay revealed that except for 72 h treatment of HepG2 cells with 400 and 500 µgmL−1extract concentrations,A. andrachnemethanol extract did not show significant cytotoxic effects on either Hep3B or HepG2 cells at any concentration and treatment time. On the contrary, it significantly increased proliferation in Hep3B cells from 48 h and at a concentration of 100 µg mL−1.E. rigidamethanol extract exhibited statistically significant cytotoxic activity on HepG2 cells after 48 and 72 h treatment. However, the treatment concentrations ofE. rigidamethanol extract were not as effective on Hep3B cells as on HepG2 cells.ConclusionsAccording to our findings, it was determined thatA. andrachnemethanol extract did not have cytotoxic activity on neither Hep3B nor HepG2 cells, whileE. rigidamethanol extract had cytotoxic activity especially on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Further research is needed to identify and purify the active ingredients inE. rigidaextracts.
Implementation of noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in pediatric acute respiratory failure: a controlled before-after quality improvement study
Authors: Chidini Giovanna , De Luca Daniele , Calderini Edoardo , Catenacci Stefano Scalia , Marchesi Tiziana , Langer Thomas , Gregoretti Cesare , Conti Giorgio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds
Pediatric noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) has been shown to improve patient-ventilator interaction but no data on clinical outcomes are available. Aim of this study was to compare NIV-NAVA with noninvasive pressure support (NIV-PS) in children with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF), in a single-center before-after study. A cohort of thirty-four NIV-PS patients (before group) admitted to our PICU within the 2 years prior NAVA introduction was compared with a cohort of thirty children treated with NIV-NAVA during implementation phase (after group). The primary end-point was intubation rate between groups. Days on mechanical ventilation, number of invasive devices, nosocomial infections, PICU/hospital length of stay (LOS), and physiological parameters at 2 and 24 h after admission were considered.

Results
Intubation rate was lower in the NIV-NAVA group as compared to the NIV-PS group (p = 0.006). Patients treated with NIV-NAVA required fewer invasive devices (p = 0.032) and had lower incidence of ventilator-acquired pneumonia (p = 0.004) and shorter PICU (p = 0.032) and hospital LOS (p = 0.013). At 2 h, NIV-NAVA compared with NIV-PS resulted in higher paO2:FIO2 (p = 0.017), lower paCO2 (p = 0.002), RR (p = 0.026), and HR (p = 0.009).

Conclusions
Early NIV-NAVA vs NIV-PS was associated to lower intubation rate and shorter PICU and hospital LOS. Further studies are needed in order to confirm these preliminary data.
Diagnostic Pitfalls in Cushing Disease: Surgical Remission Rates, Test Thresholds, and Lessons Learned in 105 Patients
Authors: Mallari Regin Jay , Thakur Jai Deep , Barkhoudarian Garni , Eisenberg Amy , Rodriguez Amanda , Rettinger Sarah , Cohan Pejman , Nieman Lynnette , Kelly Daniel F 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Context
Confirming a diagnosis of Cushing disease (CD) remains challenging, yet is critically important before recommending transsphenoidal surgery for adenoma resection.

Objective
To describe predictive performance of preoperative biochemical and imaging data relative to post-operative remission and clinical characteristics in patients with presumed CD.

Design, Setting, Patients, Interventions
Patients (n = 105; 86% female) who underwent surgery from 2007 through 2020 were classified into 3 groups: group A (n = 84) pathology-proven ACTH adenoma; group B (n = 6) pathology-unproven but with postoperative hypocortisolemia consistent with CD; and group C (n = 15) pathology-unproven, without postoperative hypocortisolemia. Group A + B were combined as confirmed CD and group C as unconfirmed CD.

Main outcomes
Group A + B was compared with group C regarding predictive performance of preoperative 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC), late night salivary cortisol (LNSC), 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST), plasma ACTH, and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results
All groups had a similar clinical phenotype. Compared with group C, group A + B had higher mean UFC (P &lt; 0.001), LNSC (P = 0.003), DST (P = 0.06), and ACTH (P = 0.03) and larger MRI-defined lesions (P &lt; 0.001). The highest accuracy thresholds were: UFC 72 µg/24 hours; LNSC 0.122 µg/dL, DST 2.70 µg/dL, and ACTH 39.1 pg/mL. Early (3-month) biochemical remission was achieved in 76/105 (72%) patients: 76/90(84%) and 0/15(0%) of group A + B vs group C, respectively, P &lt; 0.0001. In group A + B, nonremission was strongly associated with adenoma cavernous sinus invasion.

Conclusions
Use of strict biochemical thresholds may help avoid offering transsphenoidal surgery to presumed CD patients with equivocal data and improve surgical remission rates. Patients with Cushingoid phenotype but equivocal biochemical data warrant additional rigorous testing.
Mimesis and Experience: A Platonic Perspective on Ricoeur'sTime and Narrative
Authors: Grethlein Jonas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRicoeur's Time and Narrative is duly cited in footnotes but does not seem to have had a strong impact on anglophone narratology. One of the reasons for this is certainly Ricoeur's emphasis on plot, which does not harmonize with the focus on consciousness in cognitive narratology. This article suggests that a reconsideration of the concept of mimesis could help build a bridge between Ricoeur's phenomenological approach and cognitive studies in narrative. More specifically, it argues that Plato's discussion of poetry in the Republic, unanimously criticized by modern scholars, can enrich Ricoeur's concept of mimesis. While Ricoeur follows Aristotle, who ties mimesis to plot, Plato, in Republic 2 and 3, considers mimesis an act of impersonation and thereby paves the way to the level of character, on which cognitive narratologists tend to focus. This article first offers a new reading of the Republic's examination of poetry, trying to show that Plato's account of the effects of poetry on the listeners’ souls resonates with current cognitive approaches. Equipped with this reading, it then turns to Ricoeur again. Ricoeur's description of mimesis III, the reader's adoption of the narrative configuration of time in life, remains vague and abstract. Through its focus on the impact of characters on audiences, Plato's idea of mimesis permits us to integrate a cognitivist perspective into Ricoeur's phenomenological account.