bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ ПАНДЕМИИ «COVID-19» НА РЫНОК ПАССАЖИРСКИХ АВИАПЕРЕВОЗОК ИТАЛИИ
Authors: Рублев Владимир Владимирович , Ларин Олег Николаевич 
Published: October 2021

Цель работы. Фундаментальной целью проводимого исследования стал анализ рынка пассажирских авиаперевозок Италии. Италия отличается развитой сетью региональных аэропортов и высокой долей бюджетных авиаперевозок в структуре рынка. На территории Италии осуществляют деятельность все крупнейшие европейские бюджетные авиакомпании, а доля направлений бюджетных авиакомпаний в структуре маршрутной сети региональных аэропортов составляет от 60 % до 90 %, что является высоким показателем. Развитие рынка авиаперевозок оказывает положительное влияние на развитие национальной системы туризма, на протяжении многих лет Италия входит в число самых посещаемых стан мира. Методология и методы проведения работы. При проведении анализа рынка пассажирских авиаперевозок были применены следующие методы: метод анализа статистических данных, анализ нормативно-правового регулирования национального рынка, анализ деятельности национальных авиакомпаний – их роль и влияние на рынок. Работа с источниками на итальянском и французском языках позволила включить в аналитическую часть исследования материалы, ранее не использованные российскими учеными. Результаты. Результатом проведенного исследования является заключение о том, что с целью успешного преодоления кризиса 2020 года рынку пассажирских авиаперевозок необходимы значительные структурные изменения. Реструктуризация финансово неэффективной национальной авиакомпании «Alitalia» одним из ключевых факторов посткризисного развития. Создание национальной бюджетной авиакомпании позволит Италии усилить свои позиции в сегменте бюджетных авиаперевозок. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть применимы при разработке стратегии развития рынка пассажирских авиаперевозок Российской Федерации в условиях преодоления кризиса 2020 года, вызванного негативным влиянием пандемии COVID-19. Докризисное развитие российского рынка доказало эффективность бюджетных авиакомпаний, в период посткризисного развития доля бюджетных авиаперевозок в структуре российского рынка может продемонстрировать показатель значительного роста. Выводы. Усиление роли и влияния бюджетных авиакомпаний в структуре европейского рынка является наиболее вероятным сценарием посткризисного развития. Итальянский рынок пассажирских авиаперевозок является одним из наиболее перспективных в структуре европейского рынка. При реализации комплекса мер, направленных на повышение финансовой эффективности национальной авиакомпании «Alitalia», а также при развитии сегмента бюджетных авиаперевозок итальянский рынок пассажирских авиаперевозок может продемонстрировать высокие темы посткризисного роста и развития.
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF HOME-GROWN SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMME: A CASE OF WESTERN PROVINCE, ZAMBIA
Authors: Sitali Constance 
Published: October 2021

Home-grown school feeding (HGSF) is an innovative approach to school meals that encourages school to source nutritious food from local smallholder farmers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find out the opportunities and challenges of Home-grown school feeding in Western Province of Zambia. The study was guided by the theory of change by Weiss. Being a qualitative study, descriptive approach was used as a design. A total of 81 informants were targeted; 10 headteachers and 30 teachers from 10 public primary schools, 40 selected smallholder farmers from communities around schools and WFP Provincial Officer. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select the informants as they were directly involved in the school feeding while simple random sampling was used to select 10 public primary schools in 5 districts. The instruments used for data collection were semi-structured questionnaires and face to face interview guide. Qualitative data obtained were transcribed, analysed thematically and presented descriptively with verbatim quotes. The study revealed that HGSF has several opportunities, namely; equitable access to education, foster local economic, stimulating agriculture growth, food security and nutritious foods, diversification of local production, job creation, access to additional market and capacity building among others. Further, despite multiple opportunities, the study was characterized by some challenges such as climate change resulting in an unpredictable weather pattern, inconsistency in supply of food to schools, frequent rise of food prices affecting household food access, low level of agriculture technology and high dependency on rainfall for farming activities, the use of centralised approach to procurement of food, price volatility and unpredictable markets, lack of infrastructure and water scarcity. The study recommended that the Government should put in place a set of mechanisms that assist smallholder farmers in applying good agricultural practices and enhance their adaptability to climate change.
ADA-YI TAHAFFUZUN MEMURLARI: KAMARAN ADASI ÖRNEĞİNDE TAHAFFUZHANE ÇALIŞANLARI (1882-1916)
Authors: YILDIRIM Canan 
Published: October 2021

Salgın hastalıklar insanoğlunun en büyük problemlerinden biri olmuştur. Dünyanın her yerine yayılan büyük salgınlar insanları zorlamış ve bazen çaresiz bırakmıştır. Salgınların yayılma hızını ve vereceği tahribatı önlemek için karantina yöntemini geliştirmiştir. Karantina ilk defa 14. yüzyılda yaşanan büyük veba salgınına karşı Venedik ve Dubrovnik’te uygulanmıştı. Osmanlı’da ise usul-i tahaffuz olarak adlandırılan ilk karantina 1831 yılında II. Mahmud Dönemi’nde uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. O dönemde karantinanın uygulandığı merkezlerden biri de tahaffuzhanelerdir. 1839 yılında kurulan ilk daimî tahaffuzhanenin ardından Osmanlı topraklarının stratejik noktalarına tahaffuzhaneler kurulmaya devam edilmiştir.
1882 yılında Kızıldeniz’de hac güzergahı üzerinde kurulan Kamaran Tahaffuzhanesi Osmanlı topraklardaki en büyük ve kapsamlı tahaffuzhanedir. Kamaran Tahaffuzhanesi, kurulmasından itibaren binlerce hacıyı, yolcuyu, gemiyi ve vapuru bünyesinde ağırlamıştır. Kompleks bir yapı olan tahaffuzhanede karantina işlemlerinin yanı sıra buraya gelen yolcuların ve deniz taşıtlarının dezenfeksiyon işlemleri de yapılırdı. Bütün bu işlemlerin yapılması için burada çok çeşitli alanlarda çalışan bulunmaktaydı. Bu makalede tahaffuzhane bünyesinde 1882-1916 yılları arasında istihdam edilen çalışanlar tespit edilmiştir. Bu memurların çalışma alanları, görevleri ve mesleki sorumlulukları hakkında bir inceleme yapılmıştır.
Pédagogie du développement intégral et de l’éducation d’Edmund Bojanowski dans la communauté multiculturelle de l’Afrique – bases théoriques et possibilités d’application
Authors: Szewczak Iwona 
Published: October 2021

Dans cet article, il est question de la conception de pédagogie intégrale du développement et de l’éducation de l’homme proposée par le bienheureux Edmund Bojanowski. Cette pédagogie chré[1]tienne, construite sur la base du réalisme et du personnalisme chrétien, est présentée à travers ses principes fondamentaux (fondements anthropologiques, rôle de l’éducation, importance de l’éducateur) qui, en même temps, soulignent son universalité. Centrée sur la personne humaine, la pédagogie intégrale s’exprime par le dialogue éducatif et la contextualisation historique et culturelle des relations interpersonnelles. Grâce à son caractère universel, le concept de Bojanowski peut être réalisé dans toute situation particulière du lieu et du temps, y compris dans le contexte de la communauté multiculturelle africaine. Or, l’éducation, au sens de Bojanowski, peut contribuer à fa[1]çonner les attitudes des élèves qui donnent lieu à des tentatives de dialogue et de négociation dans le contexte de la valeur de leur propre culture. De ce fait, elle s’inscrit parfaitement dans le concept de pédagogie interculturelle moderne.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ І РОЗВИТКУ ФОРМ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ:
Authors: Sushyi O. V. , Grydguk V. D. , Zhovtianska V. , Kukharuk O. Y. , Sokolovska Yu S. , Sliusarevskyi M. M. , Tatenko V. O. 
Published: October 2021

Висвітлено результати першого в історії і теорії психологічної науки дослідження генезису і специфіки основних форм соціально-психологічного мислення, що склалися в зарубіжному та вітчизняному соціокультурному просторі, передумов і перспектив їх поступу, взаємодії і взаємозбагачення та підсумки розроблення на цій основі кон­цептуальних засад дальшого розвитку української соціальної психології як наукової та навчальної дисципліни. У ході дослідження здійснено концептуалізацію понять соціально-психологічного мислення (СПМ) та його форм. Запропоновано класифікаційно-генетичну модель форм СПМ, на основі якої розроблено низку концепцій (запровадження суб’єктно-вчинкового підходу в соціальній психології, історіографічного канону в соціальній психології, ідеологічної форми СПМ), методик (формування громадянської позиції учнівської молоді), технологій (моніторингу стану історіографії соціальної психології) та моделей, що описують структуру і функції, пояснюють механізми функціонування, закономірності та тенденції розвитку і взаємодії основних форм СПМ (наукових, позанаукових, ідеологічно та психотехнологічно зорієнтованих), а також розкривають їхній евристичний потенціал та можливості щодо вирішення різних практично значущих завдань.
Analisis Simulasi Perbandingan Pencahayaan Malam Hari Terowongan Senen-Atrium Menggunakan LED CAVES 350
Authors: Tambunan Juara Mangapul , Hutajulu Albert Gifson , Husada Hedrianto 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK
Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan software Dialux evo 4.13 yang didapat dari IES Lighting untuk Lampu LED CAVES 350 dengan daya 80Watt, 110Watt, dan 150Watt. Untuk terowongan Senen sepanjang 585 meter dengan lebar 9 meter dan tinggi terowongan 5 meter. Zona terowongan Senen-Atrium memiliki terowongan satu arah yang terbagi dengan 2 lajur yang berada di bagian sisi terowongan percabangan dari jalan Letjen. Suprapto tembus langsung menuju jalan Senen Raya dan jalan Kwitang. Dari hasil simulasi pencahayaan terowongan Senen-Atrium malam hari daya luminer 80 Watt, 110 Watt, dan 150 Watt adalah 12112 lumen, 14557 lumen, dan 20426 lumen. LED CAVES daya 80 Watt yaitu 13 hingga 69 Lux. Untuk 110 Watt yaitu 14 hingga 81 Lux, dan daya 150 Watt adalah 21 hingga 115 Lux. Pada simulasi hasil sebaran bidang jalan untuk LED CAVES 350 yang 80 W, 110 W, dan 150 W, yaitu 0,181 ; 0, 177 dan 0,183, dan rasio kemerataan pencahayaan untuk terowongan adalah 4 : 1. Perhitungan jumlah lampu yang dipasang mengacu pada jarak lebih dari 34 meter, sehingga mendapatkan jumlah lampu 18 buah. Batasannya sesuai SNI 7391:2008 mengacu pada aturan kualitas pencahayaan normal E rata-rata, batasan kuat pencahayaan pada terowongan, dan rasio kemerataan pencahayaan. Dari ketiga lampu yang dipilih yang paling ideal, yaitu CAVES 350 80W
Pendekatan E-Budgeting Untuk Pemantauan Anggaran Perjalanan Dinas
Authors: Sudirman M Yoga Distra , Kusuma Dine Tiara , Fitriani Yessy 
Published: October 2021

Penganggaran Berbasis Hasil (OBB) adalah alat manajemen strategis yang dirancang di bawah Inisiatif Reformasi Strategis (SRI). Terdapat 5 proses pada OBB yaitu perencanaan pengeluaran, penganggaran pengeluaran, implementasi program, monitoring dan evaluasi, serta kebijakan dan perbaikan. Pada penelitian ini akan diimplementasikan proses OBB kedalam sistem yang mengatur perjalanan dinas. Metode pengembangan aplikasi ini menggunakan extreme programming dengan 4 tahapan yakni perencanaan, perancangan, pengkodean dan pengujian. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah kerangka OBB dapat dimasukkan kedalam sebuah sistem. Siklus 5 proses pada OBB mampu berjalan dengan baik di sistem penganggaran perjalanan dinas. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kerangka OBB menyediakan informasi kepada pejabat pemberi perintah dalam memantau dan mengevaluasi proses dan hasil perjalanan dinas yang sedang atau selesai dilaksanakan. Selain itu pejabat pemberi perintah dapat memantau anggaran yang tersisa pada anggaran perjalanan dinas yang telah dianggarkan.
Assessing the financial burden of hemodialysis treatment in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Fadzli Nur Fatin Aqilah , Mohd Rasani Ali Aminuddin , Keng Soon Lean 
Published: October 2021

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) spend substantial money on hemodialysis (HD) treatment. The growing intersection between socioeconomic status and financial burden represents an emerging challenge to the CKD community.
Objective: This study assessed the financial burden of HD treatment on patients at a Malaysian tertiary teaching hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the HD unit at a Malaysian tertiary teaching hospital from January to February 2021. Patients undergoing HD were purposively selected. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic, finances, the patient's health history, treatment costs, and healthcare utilization. In addition, Pearson Chi-Square tests were used to analyze the data.
Results: A total of 100 patients receiving HD treatment were included in the study. The mean age was 62.06 years (SD = 27.50), with 52% reporting moderate financial burdens. The financial burden was associated with employment status, salary, and income class among HD patients (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Evidence showed a large proportion of Malaysian patients receiving HD treatment came from the B40 income bracket. The findings indicate that financial burdens can impact HD patients and are related to employment status, salary, and income class. Therefore, the ability to identify HD patients' financial needs is critical in nursing practice.
SEBARAN LOGAM BERAT NIKEL (Ni) PADA AIR DI PERAIRAN KECAMATAN POMALAA KABUPATEN KOLAKA
Authors: Fitriani Wa , Emiyarti . , Pratikino A. Ginong 
Published: October 2021

Logam berat memiliki berat jenis lebih atau sama dengan 5 g/cm3. Unsur ini dikenal sebagai unsur toksik yang dapat mencemari lingkungan. Nikel merupakan salah satu jenis logam berat yang berwarna putih keperakan. Meningkatnya kadar logam berat nikel pada suatu perairan dapat menurunkan kualitas perairan terkait. Kecamatan Pomalaa memiliki cadangan sumber daya mineral berupa nikel (Ni). Sumber daya Nikel yang ada pada Kecamatan Pomalaa ini memberi dampak pada kualitas perairan kecamatan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kandungan logam berat nikel pada Perairan Kecamatan Pomalaa. Pengambilan data ini dilakukan pada Bulan Maret-Juni 2020. Analisis kandungan logam berat dilakukan pada Laboratorium Balai Lingkunngan Hidup Kota Kendari dengan menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri serapan atom. Kandungan logam berat nikel pada perairan kecamatan pomalaa berkisar antara 0,001-0,013. Rata-rata kandungan logam berat nikel yang diperoleh berdasarkan hasil analisis pada penelitian ini yaitu 0,006 mg/l.Kata kunci: Logam berat; Nikel; Kecamatan Pomalaa.
Multicenter Analysis of Presacral Neuroendocrine Neoplasms—Clinicopathological Characterization and Treatment Outcomes of a Rare Disease
Authors: Matrood Sami , Apostolidis Leonidas , Schrader Jörg , Krug Sebastian , Lahner Harald , Ramaswamy Annette , Librizzi Damiano , Kender Zoltan , Kröcher Anke , Kreutzfeldt Simon , Gress Thomas Matthias , Rinke Anja 
Published: October 2021

Background and AimsNeuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the presacral space are an extremely rare disease entity with largely unknown outcome and no established standard of care treatment. Therefore, we wanted to analyze clinical presentation, histopathological findings, treatment outcomes, and prognosis in a multicentric patient cohort.MethodsWe searched local databases of six German NEN centers for patients with presacral NEN. Retrospective descriptive analyses of age, sex, stage at diagnosis, symptoms, grade, immunohistochemical investigations, biomarkers, treatment, and treatment outcome were performed. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to determine median overall survival.ResultsWe identified 17 patients (11 female, 6 male) with a median age of 50 years (range, 35–66) at diagnosis. Twelve cases presented initially with distant metastases including bone metastases in nine cases. On pathological review the majority of patients had well-differentiated G2 tumors. Immunohistochemical profile resembled rectal NENs. All but one patient had non-functioning tumors. Somatostatin receptor imaging was positive in 14 of 15 investigated cases. Eight patients were treated surgically including palliative resections; 14 patients received somatostatin analogs with limited efficacy. With 14 PRRTs completed, 79% showed clinical benefit, whereas only one patient with neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) responded to chemotherapy. Treatment with everolimus in three patients was not successful, whereas cabozantinib resulted in a disease stabilization in a heavily pretreated patient. During a median observation period of 44.5 months, 6 patients died. Median overall survival was not reached.ConclusionPresacral NEN are histopathologically similar to rectal NENs. Presacral NEN should be considered as possible primary in NEN of unknown primary. The majority of tumors is non-functioning and somatostatin receptor positive. PRRT demonstrated promising activity; tyrosine kinase inhibitors warrant further investigations. Further molecular characterization and prospective evaluation of this rare tumor entity are needed.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Inpatient Mortality Associated With Nosocomial and Community COVID-19 Exposes the Vulnerability of Immunosuppressed Adults
Authors: Ponsford Mark J. , Ward Tom J. C. , Stoneham Simon M. , Dallimore Clare M. , Sham Davina , Osman Khalid , Barry Simon M. , Jolles Stephen , Humphreys Ian R. , Farewell Daniel 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundLittle is known about the mortality of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) COVID-19 infection globally. We investigated the risk of mortality and critical care admission in hospitalised adults with nosocomial COVID-19, relative to adults requiring hospitalisation due to community-acquired infection.MethodsWe systematically reviewed the peer-reviewed and pre-print literature from 1/1/2020 to 9/2/2021 without language restriction for studies reporting outcomes of nosocomial and community-acquired COVID-19. We performed a random effects meta-analysis (MA) to estimate the 1) relative risk of death and 2) critical care admission, stratifying studies by patient cohort characteristics and nosocomial case definition.Results21 studies were included in the primary MA, describing 8,251 admissions across 8 countries during the first wave, comprising 1513 probable or definite nosocomial COVID-19, and 6738 community-acquired cases. Across all studies, the risk of mortality was 1.3 times greater in patients with nosocomial infection, compared to community-acquired (95% CI: 1.005 to 1.683). Rates of critical care admission were similar between groups (Relative Risk, RR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.08). Immunosuppressed patients diagnosed with nosocomial COVID-19 were twice as likely to die in hospital as those admitted with community-acquired infection (RR=2.14, 95% CI: 1.76 to 2.61).ConclusionsAdults who acquire SARS-CoV-2 whilst already hospitalised are at greater risk of mortality compared to patients admitted following community-acquired infection; this finding is largely driven by a substantially increased risk of death in individuals with malignancy or who had undergone transplantation. These findings inform public health and infection control policy and argue for individualised clinical interventions to combat the threat of nosocomial COVID-19, particularly for immunosuppressed groups.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42021249023
Safety, Immunogenicity, Efficacy and Effectiveness of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Healthy Pregnant Women and Children Under 5 Years: An Evidence-Based Clinical Review
Authors: Bansal Amit , Trieu Mai-Chi , Mohn Kristin G. I. , Cox Rebecca Jane 
Published: October 2021

Annual influenza vaccination is often recommended for pregnant women and young children to reduce the risk of severe influenza. However, most studies investigating the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy or effectiveness of influenza vaccines are conducted in healthy adults. In this evidence-based clinical review, we provide an update on the safety profile, immunogenicity, and efficacy/effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) in healthy pregnant women and children &lt;5 years old. Six electronic databases were searched until May 27, 2021. We identified 3,731 articles, of which 93 met the eligibility criteria and were included. The IIVs were generally well tolerated in pregnant women and young children, with low frequencies of adverse events following IIV administration; however, continuous vaccine safety monitoring systems are necessary to detect rare adverse events. IIVs generated good antibody responses, and the seroprotection rates after IIVs were moderate to high in pregnant women (range = 65%–96%) and young children (range = 50%–100%), varying between the different influenza types/subtypes and seasons. Studies show vaccine efficacy/effectiveness values of 50%–70% in pregnant women and 20%–90% in young children against lab-confirmed influenza, although the efficacy/effectiveness depended on the study design, host factors, vaccine type, manufacturing practices, and the antigenic match/mismatch between the influenza vaccine strains and the circulating strains. Current evidence suggests that the benefits of IIVs far outweigh the potential risks and that IIVs should be recommended for pregnant women and young children.
Neuroplasticity and Motor Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review on MRI Markers of Functional and Structural Changes
Authors: Tavazzi Eleonora , Cazzoli Marta , Pirastru Alice , Blasi Valeria , Rovaris Marco , Bergsland Niels , Baglio Francesca 
Published: October 2021

Background: Motor rehabilitation is routinely used in clinical practice as an effective method to reduce progressive disability gain in multiple sclerosis (MS), but rehabilitation approaches are typically unstandardized, and only few studies have investigated the impact of rehabilitation on brain neuroplasticity.Objective: To summarize and critically analyze studies applying MRI markers of functional connectivity and structural changes to assess the effect of motor rehabilitation on brain neuroplasticity in MS.Methods: Literature search was performed using PubMed and EMBASE, selecting studies having as a subject motor rehabilitation and advanced MRI techniques investigating neuroplasticity in adult patients affected by MS.Results: Seventeen out of 798 papers were selected, of which 5 applied structural MRI (4 diffusion tensor imaging, 1 volumetric measurements), 7 applied functional fMRI (5 task-related fMRI, 2 resting-state fMRI) whereas the remaining 5 applied both structural and functional imaging.Discussion: The considerable data heterogeneity and the small sample sizes characterizing the studies limit interpretation and generalization of the results. Overall, motor rehabilitation promotes clinical improvement, paralleled by positive adaptive brain changes, whose features and extent depend upon different variables, including the type of rehabilitation approach. MRI markers of functional and structural connectivity should be implemented in studies testing the efficacy of motor rehabilitation. They allow for a better understanding of neuroplastic mechanisms underlying rehabilitation-mediated clinical achievements, facilitating the identification of rehabilitation strategies tailored to patients' needs and abilities.