bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Young Stars in Space and Time. I. The Photometric Catalog and Extinction Properties of N44
Authors: Ksoll Victor F. , Gouliermis Dimitrios , Sabbi Elena , Ryon Jenna E. , Robberto Massimo , Gennaro Mario , Klessen Ralf S. , Koethe Ullrich , de Marchi Guido , Chen C.-H. Rosie , Cignoni Michele , Dolphin Andrew E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to better understand the role of high-mass stellar feedback in regulating star formation in giant molecular clouds, we carried out a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Treasury Program Measuring Young Stars in Space and Time (MYSST) targeting the star-forming complex N44 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Using the F555W and F814W broadband filters of both the ACS and WFC3/UVIS, we built a photometric catalog of 461,684 stars down to m
F555W ≃ 29 mag and m
F814W ≃ 28 mag, corresponding to the magnitude of an unreddened 1 Myr pre-main-sequence star of ≈ 0.09 M
☉ at the LMC distance. In this first paper we describe the observing strategy of MYSST and the data reduction procedure and present the photometric catalog. We identify multiple young stellar populations tracing the gaseous rim of N44's superbubble, together with various contaminants belonging to the LMC field population. We also determine the reddening properties from the slope of the elongated red clump (RC) feature by applying the machine-learning algorithm RANSAC, and we select a set of upper-main-sequence stars as primary probes to build an extinction map, deriving a relatively modest median extinction A
F555W ≃ 0.77 mag. The same procedure applied to the RC provides A
F555W ≃ 0.68 mag.
Measuring Young Stars in Space and Time. II. The Pre-main-sequence Stellar Content of N44
Authors: Ksoll Victor F. , Gouliermis Dimitrios , Sabbi Elena , Ryon Jenna E. , Robberto Massimo , Gennaro Mario , Klessen Ralf S. , Koethe Ullrich , de Marchi Guido , Chen C.-H. Rosie , Cignoni Michele , Dolphin Andrew E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Hubble Space Telescope survey Measuring Young Stars in Space and Time (MYSST) entails some of the deepest photometric observations of extragalactic star formation, capturing even the lowest-mass stars of the active star-forming complex N44 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We employ the new MYSST stellar catalog to identify and characterize the content of young pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars across N44 and analyze the PMS clustering structure. To distinguish PMS stars from more evolved line of sight contaminants, a non-trivial task due to several effects that alter photometry, we utilize a machine-learning classification approach. This consists of training a support vector machine (SVM) and a random forest (RF) on a carefully selected subset of the MYSST data and categorize all observed stars as PMS or non-PMS. Combining SVM and RF predictions to retrieve the most robust set of PMS sources, we find ∼26,700 candidates with a PMS probability above 95% across N44. Employing a clustering approach based on a nearest neighbor surface density estimate, we identify 16 prominent PMS structures at 1σ significance above the mean density with sub-clusters persisting up to and beyond 3σ significance. The most active star-forming center, located at the western edge of N44's bubble, is a subcluster with an effective radius of ∼5.6 pc entailing more than 1100 PMS candidates. Furthermore, we confirm that almost all identified clusters coincide with known H ii regions and are close to or harbor massive young O stars or YSOs previously discovered by MUSE and Spitzer observations.
On the Correlation between Atomic Gas and Bars in Galaxies
Authors: Zhou 周 Zhimin 志民 , Ma Jun , Wu Hong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We analyze the correlation between properties of large-scale bars and atomic gas content of galaxies to explore the role of H i gas on bar evolution in galaxies. We show that the absolute bar size depends strongly on total stellar mass of galaxies and does not change significantly with H i gas fraction at fixed stellar mass. Furthermore, the physical size of the bar is small and nearly constant in high H i gas fraction and low-mass galaxies and becomes larger with increasing galactic stellar mass in low gas fraction galaxies. When the stellar masses are fixed, the relative bar length normalized to the disk shows a decrease with increasing H i gas fraction due to the larger disks in gas-richer galaxies. We measure the gas deficiency of the samples and find that the gas-rich galaxies have longer and stronger bars compared with the H i gas-deficient galaxies at fixed stellar mass, especially for the massive ones. When splitting the samples into star-forming and quiescent subgroups, the star-forming galaxies tend to have longer bars than the quiescent ones at fixed stellar mass and gas deficiency. In addition, our results suggest two different types of bar properties, in which the bars in gas-rich galaxies grow longer but retain similar axial ratio over time, while they grow longer and fatter over time in gas-poor galaxies.
Interplanetary Shock Candidates Observed at Venus’s Orbit
Authors: Wang Can , Xu Mengjiao , Shen Chenglong , Chi Yutian , Wang Yuming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The measurements from the Venus Express spacecraft are analyzed for the basic properties of fast forward interplanetary shocks at Venus’s orbit (∼0.72 au). A total of 143 fast forward interplanetary shock candidates during 2006–2014 are identified. The shock angle ΘBn, defined as the angle between the shock normal and the upstream magnetic field, and the magnetic compression ratio r
B, defined as the ratio of the magnetic field strength downstream to that upstream, of these shocks are determined based on the magnetic coplanarity method. The shock occurrence at Venus shows a correlated variation with the solar activity level measured by the number of sunspots, while the shock angle and magnetic compression ratio do not show such a correspondence. The shock angle spreads almost uniformly between 10° and 80° with its mean value at about 45°, and the magnetic compression ratio shows a unimodal distribution between 1.0 and 4.5 with a mean value of 2.1. In addition, we also analyze the properties of fast forward shocks driven by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). We found that interplanetary shocks with and without detected ICMEs showed no significant differences in terms of the shock strength and the shock angle. Further comparison with previous observational results at 1 au shows that fast forward shocks at 1 au are generally weaker than those at 0.72 au, and the shock angle ΘBn is more perpendicular at 1 au.
The Transport Equation for the Dispersal of Passive Tracers in a Nonuniform Turbulent Fluid: Numerical Simulations
Authors: Giacalone Joe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The random advection of passive additives in a turbulent fluid plays an important role in solar physics, astrophysics, and atmospheric sciences. We concern ourselves here with the case where the fluctuations are not statistically homogeneous in space, and, hence, where the transport coefficients vary with position. Using a numerical model in which the fluid turbulence is defined kinematically, we show that the evolution of the distribution of passive tracers in the fluid is not always governed by the ordinary diffusion equation. We find it is governed by a more general transport equation whose form depends on the nature of the turbulence, particularly on its compressibility, or divergence. The more general transport equation resembles the ordinary diffusion equation, but the transport coefficient appears in two places and is raised to a power that depends on the divergence of the fluid velocity. If the flow has zero divergence, the case for incompressible turbulence, the resulting transport equation is found to be the regular diffusion equation.
Catch Me if You Can: Biased Distribution of Lyα-emitting Galaxies according to the Viewing Direction
Authors: Momose Rieko , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Nagamine Kentaro , Shimizu Ikkoh , Kashikawa Nobunari , Ando Makoto , Kusakabe Haruka 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report that Lyα-emitting galaxies (LAEs) may not faithfully trace the cosmic web of neutral hydrogen (H i), but their distribution is likely biased depending on the viewing direction. We calculate the cross-correlation function (CCF) between galaxies and Lyα forest transmission fluctuations on the near and far sides of the galaxies separately, for three galaxy samples at z ∼ 2: LAEs, [O iii] emitters (O3Es), and continuum-selected galaxies. We find that only LAEs have anisotropic CCFs, with the near side one showing lower signals up to r = 3–4 h
−1 comoving Mpc. This means that the average H i density on the near side of LAEs is lower than that on the far side by a factor of 2.1 under the fluctuating Gunn–Peterson approximation. Mock LAEs created by assigning Lyα equivalent width (

) values to O3Es with an empirical relation also show similar, anisotropic CCFs if we use only objects with higher

than a certain threshold. These results indicate that galaxies on the far side of a dense region are more difficult to be detected (“hidden”) in Lyα because Lyα emission toward us is absorbed by dense neutral hydrogen. If the same region is viewed from a different direction, a different set of LAEs will be selected as if galaxies are playing hide-and-seek using H i gas. Care is needed when using LAEs to search for overdensities.
Le savoir expérientiel : exploration épistémologique d’une expression répandue dans le domaine de la santé
Authors: Cartron Emmanuelle , Lefebvre Sandrine , Jovic Ljiljana 
Published: May 2021

Parmi les différentes déclinaisons du savoir, le savoir expérientiel est largement mobilisé dans certaines activités du domaine de la santé. Le plus souvent relié aux patients, il est aussi envisagé pour les professionnels de santé mais de façon moins fréquente. Cet article propose de donner des repères et de clarifier ce que sous-tend le savoir expérientiel. Ces repères s’appuient sur des définitions de l’expérience et du savoir, ainsi que sur des travaux portant sur le type de connaissances créées par l’expérience. L’exploration des contextes qui ont permis l’émergence de « savoir expérientiel » et l’angle d’étude adopté par les disciplines qui le discutent retrouvent peu d’éléments épistémologiques reliant savoir et expérience. En sciences humaines et sociales, les savoirs expérientiels sont le plus souvent rapportés aux patients ou aux adultes en situation d’apprentissage. Concernant les savoirs infirmiers, l’analyse des travaux de Carper et Lechasseur portant sur la nature des savoirs infirmiers a permis d’identifier comment les caractéristiques de l’expérience sont intégrées dans leurs typologies, notamment dans les savoirs artistiques et personnels. L’absence explicite de l’expérience dans ces typologies est enfin questionnée au regard des impératifs scientifiques que la discipline infirmière, à un moment de sa construction, s’est attachée à mettre en avant.
La révolution démographique
Authors: Landry Adolphe 
Published: May 2021

Publiée pour la première fois en 1934, La révolution démographique expose la théorie des régimes démographiques, annonçant ce qui deviendra la théorie de la transition démographique, fondement majeur de la discipline. Issu d’une famille de notables corses et homme politique radical-socialiste préoccupé par la « dépopulation », Adolphe Landry s’est très tôt intéressé aux questions de population, alliant réflexions philosophiques et morales sur le progrès et le bien-être social. Plusieurs fois ministre sous la Troisième République, impliqué dans les politiques natalistes et familiales, il s’inscrit dans les nouveaux courants de pensée sociologiques de l’entre-deux-guerres. Cet ouvrage, considéré par Alain Girard, dans sa préface à la réédition de 1982, « comme une œuvre de science que la marche du temps n’a pas contredit », développe la théorie des trois régimes démographiques. Le régime primitif lie étroitement croissance démographique et subsistances avec une mortalité élevée. Le régime contemporain allie le progrès économique et social avec un contrôle des naissances de la part des familles. Landry en distingue un troisième, établissant que le passage du primitif au contemporain n’a pu se faire sans transition, sans « révolution », car ces deux régimes sont radicalement différents. Bien qu’ancré dans son époque, son exposé révèle une analyse méthodique des comportements démographiques et des réflexions civilisationnelles qui demeurent d’une grande acuité. Cette réédition est augmentée d’une préface de Fabrice Cahen qui situe la pensée de Landry dans le champ des savoirs sur la population au début du XXe siècle et s’attache à faire redécouvrir le parcours d’une figure inclassable.
Assessment of morpho-variability between bruchid tolerant AND SUSCEPTIBLE cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) accessions
Authors: Amusa O.D. , Ogunkanmi L.A. 
Published: May 2021

Cowpea bruchid is a major constraint to cowpea production. Easy identification of resistant/tolerant accessions to bruchid infestation has been a major challenge in bruchid resistant breeding programmes. Hence, the study was aimed to evaluate variations in some morphological characters between some bruchid resistant/tolerant and susceptible cowpea accessions, correlating them with their bruchid tolerance status in the hope of identifying a pointer character(s) that can facilitate easy identification of bruchid tolerant among cowpea germplasm. Sixty accessions were collected and evaluated for bruchid tolerance. Accessions were then grouped into bruchid susceptible and bruchid tolerant. These accessions were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design with ten replicates. Morphological differences between groups were evaluated accordingly. Of the sixty accessions evaluated, fifty-two were susceptible while eight were bruchid tolerant. No qualitative differences were observed between bruchid susceptible and tolerant groups, however significant differences were observed in quantitative characters which include terminal leaflet length, terminal leaflet/width ratio, leaf petiole length, terminal leaflet petiole length (TLPL), leaf petiole length, pod length (PDL), pod width, total number of pods per plant, seed length (SDL), seed width (SDW), seed thickness (SDTK) and 100 seed weight (100SDW). Bruchid tolerance was significantly positively correlated with seed characters which include, SDL (r = 0.798, p < 0.01); SDW (r = 0.798, p < 0.01); SDTK (r = 0.758, p < 0.01);100SDW (0.830, p < 0.01) and significantly negatively correlated with TLPL and PDL (p < 0.05). These characters can provide easy identification of bruchid tolerant among cowpea germplasm, hence requires further investigations.
Keywords: Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, Bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus, Morphology
Influence of smoking and natural preservatives on shelf – life and microbial quality of Clarias gariepinus during storage
Authors: Olusola Sunday Emmanuel 
Published: May 2021

This study investigated the shelf – life and microbial quality of smoked Clarias gariepinus using Onion Bulb (OB), Holy Basil (HB) and Turmeric Rhizome (TR) as preservatives during 56 days storage. Sixteen C. gariepinus (1- 1.5kg) were distributed to four experimental containers: Control, TR2, OB3, and HB4 and the experiment were carried out in triplicates. Clarias gariepinus were smoked in a smoking kiln at 40o C- 60o C and 120-150 C for 6 and 18 hours respectively. Biochemical parameters, organoleptic assessment, and microbial analysis were carried out. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at P= 0.05. The result showed that the crude protein of C. gariepinus washigher in the treated groups compared to the control. Also, the result shows that the biochemical parameters, organoleptic assessment and the microbial loads in smoked C. gariepinus were reduced in the OB, HB, and TR than the control at 1 day, 28 days and 56 days storage respectively. It can be concluded that the natural plants may enhance the shelf life, consumer acceptability, and inhibit the growth of the microbial pathogen in smoked fish.
Keywords: Catfish, Onion bulb, Holy basil, Microbial loads, Turmeric, Preservatives
Effect of processing conditions on quality of juice extracted from hog plum fruit
Authors: Olaoye I.O , Salako Y.A. , Odugbose B.D. , Owolarafe O.K 
Published: May 2021

The effect of processing conditions such as machine shaft speed, loading and level of ripeness of the Spondias mombin fruit on quality (i.e moisture, ash, fibre, fat and protein contents) of juice extracted were investigated in this study using a newly designed juice extractor for Spondias mombin fruit. The moisture content of the extracted juice was observed to initially decrease as the shaft speed increased from 120 to 130 rpm and then increased with increase in shaft speed from 130 to150 rpm. Increase in loading from 5 to 15 kg per time increased the moisture content of the juice at different shaft speeds. As the shaft speed and rate of loading per time increases, the ash content of the juice also increases. Increase in shaft speed also increased the fibre, fat and protein contents of the juice. The effect of the processing conditions considered indicates that separate and interactive effects of the three factors on the qaulity parameters of the juice were significant (p<0.05).
Keywords: Hog plum, Ripeness, Machine, Processing, Juice, Quality
Pesticide residues in selected vegetables from Gombe markets, Gombe State, Nigeria: assessing the health impact
Authors: Maigari A.U. , Sulaiman M.B. , Buhari M. , Abdullahi A.O. 
Published: May 2021

The study determined the content of pesticide residues in vegetables (cabbage, lettuce, calyces, and tiger nut), obtained from markets in Gombe, Nigeria. Health risk parameters were also determined to evaluate the health risk associated with their consumption. A total of 72 samples (cabbage, lettuce, calyces and tiger nut) were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography with UV/VIS Detector (HPLC-UV/VIS). A total of 18 pesticide residues were detected: nine organochlorines (OCs), five organophosphates (OPs), and four pyrethroids (PYs). The residual contents of nine OCs ranged from 0.00 to 0.098 μg/kg and found in 61.87%, 60.99%, 63.69%, and 63.89% of cabbage, lettuce, calyces and tiger nut samples respectively, five OPs with concentrations ranging from 0.00 to 0.043 μg/kg were found in 22.69%, 21.89%, 19.49% and 22.21% of cabbage, lettuce, calyces and tiger nut samples respectively. In similar order, four PYs with concentrations that ranged from 0.00 to 0.046 μg/kg were found in 15.44%, 17.04%, 16.82% and 13.89% of the vegetables. Themean estimated daily intake of pesticides in the studied samples was lower than that of acceptable daily intakes. The hazard index obtained was less than one, indicating no probable adverse health effect on both children and adult consumers. However, monitoring and continuous stringent regulation should be imposed with regard to the usage of pesticides in vegetables, and other food stuff for public health protection.
Keywords: Hazard Index, Health risk, Nut, Pesticide residues, Vegetables
HOẠT TÍNH KHÁNG KHUẨN CỦA HẠT NANO BẠC CHẾ TẠO BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP POLYOL ĐỐI VỚI E.COLI, S.AUREUS VÀ P.AERUGINOSA
Authors: THỊ KIM ANH NGUYỄN , BÍCH DUNG MAI , HOÀNG ANH THƯ LÂM 
Published: May 2021

Khả năng kháng khuẩn của nano bạc chế tạo bằng phương pháp polyol sử dụng chất khử EG và chất bảo vệ PVP với E.coli, S.aureus và P.aeruginosa được nghiên cứu. Hạt nano bạc có kích thước <20nm, có độ ổn định sau thời gian 28 ngày về độ hấp thu. Hiệu suất diệt khuẩn đạt >99% với E.coli sau thời gian tiếp xúc 1 phút ở nồng độ 25ppm, >60% với P.aeruginosa và >40% với S.aureus sau thời gian tiếp xúc 5 phút ở nồng độ 100ppm. Nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu (MIC) là 3,125ppm, 12,5ppm và 6,25ppm và nồng độ giết chết tối thiểu (MBC) tương ứng là 6,25ppm, 25ppm và 12,5ppm lần lượt với E. coli, S. aureus và P.aeruginosa. Nano bạc được tạo ra với chất khử không có độc tính và khả năng diệt khuẩn hiệu quả có thể là nguồn nguyên liệu cho các ứng dụng trong lĩnh vực y sinh.
O presidencialismo de coalizão e a sala de máquinas da Constituição
Authors: Bercot El-Jaick Monica 
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo parte da análise histórico-constitucional, buscando evidenciar a importância de uma parte constitucional orgânica tão eficaz quanto promete a parte dogmática, notadamente em relação a Constituição Federal brasileira de 1988. Tais conceitos precisam ser estudados cuidadosamente, por isso este artigo tem como marco teórico o conceito de sala de máquinas desenvolvido por Roberto Gargarella no livro “Constitucionalismo latino-americano: direitos sociais e a “sala de máquinas” da Constituição. Dois séculos de constitucionalismo na América Latina (1810-2010)”, importante obra para toda a literatura jurídica latino-americana e mundial, em que pese sofrer críticas de parte dessa literatura.
A pesquisa a respeito de como as constituições brasileiras e de países vizinhos se deram e se desenvolveram ao longo da história é de fundamental importância para avaliar os rumos que se pretende seguir no futuro. Sem dúvida a questão é intrínseca ao direito público em geral e tangencia temas como o rule of law e a public choice, fundamentais para o direito público em geral, mas o objetivo principal do presente trabalho é analisar em que medida o presidencialismo de coalizão, da forma como é exercido hoje no Brasil, contribui para a manutenção da chamada sala de máquinas constitucional. Para tanto, serão estudadas obras de renomados nomes da literatura jurídica, fomentando uma postura do direito mais comprometida com a realidade e com a concreta efetivação de seus mandamentos.
O fim das organizações sociais na gestão de saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e agora?
Authors: Maurity Soraya 
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo traz para discussão os efeitos e consequências pragmáticas da Lei nº 8.986, que, no ano de 2020, previu a revogação da Lei nº 6.043/2011, a qual, por sua vez, disciplina a qualificação de entidades sem fins lucrativos como organizações sociais, no âmbito da saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, mediante contrato de gestão.
Para tanto, abordaremos sucintamente as diferentes modalidades de gestão direta e indireta da saúde – sem adentrar a temática da saúde complementar –, destacando as vantagens e desvantagens de cada um desses modelos dentro de uma administração complexa.
Em seguida, serão estudados, mais detidamente os arranjos institucionais concebidos para dar musculatura às fundações governamentais de direito privado, apontadas, pelo Governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, como alternativa da política pública de saúde, com destaque para a figura do contrato estatal de prestação de serviço. Nesta dianteira, do ponto de vista da eficiência gerencial do Estado, é essencial investigar em que medida um modelo “reestatizante” é adequado e conveniente para a melhoria na prestação dos serviços públicos de saúde. Uma ordem de preocupação na estabilidade institucional reside no tratamento jurídico que se tem dado, na prática, às fundações governamentais de direito privado pela sua patológica “autarquização”.
Por isso, a ideia é pesquisar as ordens de conformação que as funções do Poder e órgãos de controle para compreensão da modelagem das fundações públicas de direito privado, sob três enfoques: a desorçamentação das fundações estatais; o regime de contratações públicas e o regime de pessoal celetista. Nesta toada, o ponto mais relevante será identificar a necessidade de computar, em termos orçamentários, os serviços prestados por intermédio do contrato estatal de prestação de serviço como contraprestacionais e autossustentáveis, de sorte a não comprometer a sustentabilidade financeira e garantir a valorização dos empregados privados em fundação governamental.