bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A low-cost passenger safety protection system based on laser ranging
Authors: Wang Fuhao , Wang Hongbo , Zhang Xueze , Dong Yu , Lai Zhiping , Wang Jiawei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In 2021, the total number of motor vehicles in China has exceeded 370 million. In the process of getting off the car, avoiding accidents between passengers and non-motor vehicles is of great significance for reducing casualties and economic losses. Therefore, this paper designs a low-cost passenger safety protection system based on laser ranging. Following the principle of easy integration and miniaturization, the hardware design and software design of the system have been completed. The mathematical model of arrival time-distance of non-motor vehicle under various speeds is established. Laser-ranging data is used to build the map, and the map can be used for non-motor vehicle identification and speed estimation. The function and precision of the system are tested. The experimental results show that 1) the established model can automatically determine whether passengers can get off the car safely and close the door in dangerous situations; 2) the mapping method based on laser ranging can effectively distinguish between non-motorized vehicles and roadsides. The accuracy of non-motor vehicle speed measurement is about 90%. The designed passenger safety protection system has high practicability.
Contribution Assessment Approach for Command and Control System Based on Force-Sparsed Stacked-Auto Encoding Neural Networks
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhou Zeyu , Li Ning , Zhang Bowei , Han Minglei , Jiao Huiying 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the difficulty of feature extraction and related generation mechanism analysis for Command and Control (C2) System using traditional data mining method, a novel contribution assessment approach based on Force-Sparsed Stacked-Auto Encoding Neural Networks (FS-SAE) is proposed. Combined with big data and complex networks technology, the contribution assessment model to operational system of system (SoS) is built. The emergence relations between the capacity indices of C2 system are formalized. The derivation results show that formalized presentation for the emergence process of performance indices of C2 system based on the proposed model not only reflects the complexity characteristics of non-linear and uncertainty in emergence process, but also gives general-defined meaning for indices structure of C2 system. It provides a feasible method for the commanders to deeply understand, manage and control the complex operation system.
The influence of CLAHE on the accuracy stability of the automatic classification of Mars surface lineament structure based on DEM image
Authors: Li Ziyi , Yan Pengcheng , Liang Jiarui , Tian Xiaolin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article introduces training ResNet to automatically classify the lineament structure of Mars surface (DEM image), and then use CLAHE to pre-process the samples to improve the stability of accuracy. The linear structure of Mars surface is mainly divided into two types: dorsum and vallis, and crater is added as a representative of non-lineament structure. We have prepared a sample set of 300 samples for each class, divided into training set, test set, and validation set at 6:2:2. Without pre-processing, the highest accuracy rate reached 98.33% (for crater), 100.00% (for dorsum), 98.33% (for vallis), 89.44% (for total). However, the accuracy of Dorsum fluctuates greatly and frequently. After CLAHE pre-processing, the fluctuation of the accuracy of dorsum is significantly reduced.
The method of comprehensive performance optimization design for trimaran unmanned vehicle
Authors: Zhang Jincheng , Ke Weishun , Han Xiaofeng , Yang Songlin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The comprehensive performance optimization design of the trimaran unmanned vehicle can be summarized as a complex optimization design problem with multiple objective functions under multiple constraints. First, this paper uses the towing resistance test data of a certain ship model to establish a ship type and resistance database using the response surface fitting method. Then, a single total objective function is used in the form of power exponential product to normalize the objective functions of the trimaran unmanned craft’s speed, maneuverability and seakeeping. Secondly, the constraint conditions are the upper and lower limits of the design variables, the penalty function is composed of multiple equality and inequality constraints involved, the fitness function is established, and a more complete comprehensive optimization mathematical model is constructed. Finally, the overall performance of the trimaran unmanned vehicle is optimized by genetic algorithm, particle swarm algorithm and two improved optimization algorithms. Discussed the pros and cons of each optimization algorithm and the sensitivity of the influence factor under the parallel strategy, compared and analyzed the calculation results of each optimization algorithm, selected the best optimization calculation plan, and obtained the best optimization calculation result, which is trimaran how to ensure the comprehensive and optimal navigation performance during the design of unmanned boats provides a practical way and method.
The mechanism of substructure formation and grain growth 316L stainless steel by selective laser melting
Authors: Yang Dengcui , Yin Yanjun , Kan Xinfeng , Zhao Yan , Zhao Zhengzhi , Sun Jiquan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the unique substructure and grain growth of 316L stainless steel processed by selective laser melting (SLM) and clarify the mechanism. Results showed that the grain orientation on the x-z plane parallel to the build direction was the same type as the y-z plane, which all grow along the heat flow direction to form elongated columnar grains passing through the multi-layer fusion line. The epitaxial growth direction of grains changed abruptly with the vary of temperature gradient direction. Moreover, to expound the substructure formation based on solidification theory, a finite element model was established to obtain the distribution map of cooling rate G × R and solidified morphology G/R.
Extreme events in globally coupled chaotic maps
Authors: Nag Chowdhury S , Ray Arnob , Mishra Arindam , Ghosh Dibakar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Understanding and predicting uncertain things are the central themes of scientific evolution. Human beings revolve around these fears of uncertainties concerning various aspects like a global pandemic, health, finances, to name but a few. Dealing with this unavoidable part of life is far tougher due to the chaotic nature of these unpredictable activities. In the present article, we consider a global network of identical chaotic maps, which splits into two different clusters, despite the interaction between all nodes are uniform. The stability analysis of the spatially homogeneous chaotic solutions provides a critical coupling strength, before which we anticipate such partial synchronization. The distance between these two chaotic synchronized populations often deviates more than eight times of standard deviation from its long-term average. The probability density function of these highly deviated values fits well with the generalized extreme value distribution. Meanwhile, the distribution of recurrence time intervals between extreme events resembles the Weibull distribution. The existing literature helps us to characterize such events as extreme events using the significant height. These extremely high fluctuations are less frequent in terms of their occurrence. We determine numerically a range of coupling strength for these extremely large but recurrent events. On-off intermittency is the responsible mechanism underlying the formation of such extreme events. Besides understanding the generation of such extreme events and their statistical signature, we furnish forecasting these events using the powerful deep learning algorithms of an artificial recurrent neural network. This long short-term memory (LSTM) can offer handy one-step forecasting of these chaotic intermittent bursts. We also ensure the robustness of this forecasting model with two hundred hidden cells in each LSTM layer.
TPWshiny: an interactive R/Shiny app to explore cell line transcriptional responses to anti-cancer drugs
Authors: Zhang Peter , Palmisano Alida , Kumar Ravindra , Li Ming-Chung , Doroshow James H , Zhao Yingdong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSummaryThe NCI Transcriptional Pharmacodynamics Workbench (NCI TPW) is an extensive compilation of directly measured transcriptional responses to anti-cancer agents across the well-characterized NCI-60 cancer cell lines. The NCI TPW data are publicly available through a web interface that allows limited user interaction with the data. We developed ‘TPWshiny’ as a standalone, easy to install, R application to facilitate more interactive data exploration.With no programming skills required, TPWshiny provides an intuitive and comprehensive graphical interface to help researchers understand the response of tumor cell lines to 15 therapeutic agents. The data are presented in interactive scatter plots, heatmaps, time series and Venn diagrams. Data can be queried by drug concentration, time point, gene and tissue type. Researchers can download the data for further analysis.Availability and implementationUsers can download the ready-to-use, self-extracting package for Windows or macOS, and R source code from the project website (https://brb.nci.nih.gov/TPWshiny/). TPWshiny documentation and additional information can be found on the project website.
Horizontal Transfer of Microbial Toxin Genes to Gall Midge Genomes
Authors: Verster Kirsten I , Tarnopol Rebecca L , Akalu Saron M , Whiteman Noah K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A growing body of evidence has underscored the role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in animal evolution. Previously, we discovered the horizontal transfer of the gene encoding the eukaryotic genotoxin cytolethal distending toxin B (cdtB) from the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum secondary endosymbiont (APSE) phages to drosophilid and aphid nuclear genomes. Here, we report cdtB in the nuclear genome of the gall-forming “swede midge” Contarinia nasturtii (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) via HGT. We searched all available gall midge genome sequences for evidence of APSE-to-insect HGT events and found five toxin genes (aip56, cdtB, lysozyme, rhs, and sltxB) transferred horizontally to cecidomyiid nuclear genomes. Surprisingly, phylogenetic analyses of HGT candidates indicated APSE phages were often not the ancestral donor lineage of the toxin gene to cecidomyiids. We used a phylogenetic signal statistic to test a transfer-by-proximity hypothesis for animal HGT, which suggested that microbe-to-insect HGT was more likely between taxa that share environments than those from different environments. Many of the toxins we found in midge genomes target eukaryotic cells, and catalytic residues important for toxin function are conserved in insect copies. This class of horizontally transferred, eukaryotic cell-targeting genes is potentially important in insect adaptation.
Differences in evolutionary accessibility determine which equally effective regulatory motif evolves to generate pulses
Authors: Xiong Kun , Gerstein Mark , Masel Joanna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) are enriched for certain “motifs.” Motif usage is commonly interpreted in adaptationist terms, i.e., that the optimal motif evolves. But certain motifs can also evolve more easily than others. Here, we computationally evolved TRNs to produce a pulse of an effector protein. Two well-known motifs, type 1 incoherent feed-forward loops (I1FFLs) and negative feedback loops (NFBLs), evolved as the primary solutions. The relative rates at which these two motifs evolve depend on selection conditions, but under all conditions, either motif achieves similar performance. I1FFLs generally evolve more often than NFBLs. Selection for a tall pulse favors NFBLs, while selection for a fast response favors I1FFLs. I1FFLs are more evolutionarily accessible early on, before the effector protein evolves high expression; when NFBLs subsequently evolve, they tend to do so from a conjugated I1FFL-NFBL genotype. In the empirical S. cerevisiae TRN, output genes of NFBLs had higher expression levels than those of I1FFLs. These results suggest that evolutionary accessibility, and not relative functionality, shapes which motifs evolve in TRNs, and does so as a function of the expression levels of particular genes.
COVID-19-Related Worries, Social Disruptions, and Depressive Symptoms Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Disabilities: What Makes the Difference?
Authors: Chao Shiau-Fang , Yu Meng-Hsuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study explores how home- and community-based services use, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related worries, and social disruptions are related to the depressive symptoms of community-dwelling older adults with disabilities, and whether the associations differ by month of interview.

Methods
Data on a sample of 593 older individuals in Taiwan were collected between April and July 2020. Multiple regression analyses were performed to test the hypothesized relationships.

Results
As the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Taiwan continuously declined from April 2020, participants who were interviewed in May, June, and July experienced significantly fewer COVID-19-related worries and social disruptions than those interviewed in April. The month interviewed, representing the pandemic development phase of COVID-19, moderated the relationships between home-based service (HBS) use and COVID-19 worries. The month interviewed also moderated the association between COVID-19-related social disruptions and depressive symptoms.

Discussion
Differences in the level of COVID-19-related worries between HBS users and nonusers were greatest in April, followed by May, and least in June and July, suggesting that the disparities between HBS users and nonusers attenuated over time. Perceived high COVID-19-related social disruptions were weakly and negatively correlated with depressive symptoms in April, but the relationship became moderately positive in May and strongly positive in June and July. These results supported the claim that the associations between COVID-19-related social disruptions and depressive symptoms can vary over time. Professionals who serve disabled older individuals in communities should be aware of their unstated needs and adopt strategies that are appropriate for the current stage of the COVID-19 pandemic to respond better to their needs and emotional state.
Effect of bis-glycinate bound zinc or zinc sulfate on zinc metabolism in growing lambs
Authors: Deters Erin L , VanDerWal Allison J , VanValin Katherine R , Beenken Aubree M , Heiderscheit Katie J , Hochmuth Katherine G , Jackson Trey D , Messersmith Elizabeth M , McGill Jodi L , Hansen Stephanie L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To assess the efficacy of bis-glycinate bound Zn, 36 crossbred wethers (34 ± 2 kg) were sorted by body weight into three groups and stagger started on a Zn-deficient diet (18 mg Zn/kg dry matter [DM]; 22.5% neutral detergent fiber [NDF]) for 45 d prior to a 15-d metabolism period (10 d adaptation and 5 d collection). On day 46, lambs were randomly assigned to dietary treatments (four lambs treatment−1group−1): no supplemental Zn (CON) or 15 mg supplemental Zn/kg DM (ZINC) as Zn sulfate (ZS) or bis-glycinate (GLY; Plexomin Zn, Phytobiotics). Blood was collected from all lambs on days 1, 44, 56, and 61. Liver, jejunum, and longissimus dorsi samples were collected after euthanasia on day 61. Gene expression was determined via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using ProcMixed of SAS (experimental unit = lamb; fixed effects = treatment, group, and breed) and contrast statements assessed the effects of supplemental Zn concentration (ZINC vs. CON) and source (GLY vs. ZS). After 15 d of Zn supplementation, plasma Zn concentrations were greater for ZINC vs. CON and GLY vs. ZS (P ≤ 0.01); tissue Zn concentrations were unaffected (P ≥ 0.27). Liver Cu concentrations were lesser for ZINC vs. CON (P = 0.03). Longissimus dorsi Mn concentrations were greater for ZINC vs. CON (P = 0.05) and tended to be lesser for GLY vs. ZS (P = 0.09). Digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), and NDF was lesser for ZINC vs. CON (P ≤ 0.05); acid detergent fiber digestibility tended to be greater for GLY vs. ZS (P = 0.06). Nitrogen retention (g/d) tended to be greater for GLY vs. ZS (P = 0.10), and N apparent absorption was lesser for ZINC vs. CON (P = 0.02). Zinc intake, fecal output, retention, and apparent absorption were greater for ZINC vs. CON (P ≤ 0.01). Apparent absorption of Zn was −5.1%, 12.8%, and 15.0% for CON, ZS, and GLY, respectively. Nitrogen and Zn retention and apparent absorption were not correlated for CON (P ≥ 0.14) but were positively correlated for ZINC (retention: P = 0.02, r = 0.52; apparent absorption: P &lt; 0.01, r = 0.73). Intestinal expression of Zn transporter ZIP4 was lesser for ZINC vs. CON (P = 0.02). Liver expression of metallothionein-1 (MT1) tended to be greater for GLY vs. ZS (P = 0.07). Although Zn apparent absorption did not differ between sources (P = 0.71), differences in post-absorptive metabolism may be responsible for greater plasma Zn concentrations and liver MT1 expression for GLY-supplemented lambs, suggesting improved bioavailability of GLY relative to ZS.
Leveraging Administrative Capacity to Manage Landscape-Scale, Cross-Boundary Disturbance in the Black Hills: What Roles for Federal, State, Local, and Nongovernmental Partners?
Authors: Steen-Adams M M , Abrams J B , Huber-Stearns H R , Bone C , Moseley C 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPublic land management agencies, such as the USDA Forest Service (USFS), confront challenges in leveraging limited administrative capacity to effectively manage landscape-scale, cross-boundary disturbances. Using case study methods, we investigated the ~1996–2016 outbreak of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) in the Black Hills, a 1.5 million acre region in South Dakota and Wyoming. We identified four practices that can promote the leveraging of administrative capacity: (1) establishing multilevel governance networks; (2) performing both distinct and shared (“redundant”) partner roles; (3) maximizing the collaborative toolbox: drawing upon the variety of policy tools (older, newer) and modes of use (conventional, experimental); and (4) engaging a multilevel, multiorganizational network, with attention to the ways that a variety of network linkages can deploy a variety of policy tool types. This case demonstrates how the government-led model of network governance can be applied to leverage administrative capacity. These findings point to strategies to promote landscape-scale, cross-boundary management.
Effects of latitude and soil microbes on the resistance of invasiveSolidago canadensisto its co-evolved insect herbivoreCorythucha marmorata
Authors: Yuan Yongge , Jin Huifei , Li Junmin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is an increasing likelihood that invasive plants are again exposed to their co-evolved specialist herbivores in the non-native range. However, whether there is a latitudinal pattern associated with the resistance of an invasive plant to its co-evolved herbivores and how soil microbes affect resistance has been little explored. We hypothesized that the resistance of invasive Solidago canadensis to its co-evolved insect herbivore Corythucha marmorata could increase with latitude, and that local rhizosphere microbes could facilitate invasive plants to become resistant to their co-evolved herbivores. We conducted a field survey and a greenhouse experiment to examine whether there was a latitudinal pattern in the abundance of C. marmorata and in the damage it caused to S. canadensis in China. We tested whether local rhizosphere microbes of invasive plants can promote the resistance of S. canadensis to C. marmorata herbivory. In the field survey, both density of C. marmorata and damage level of S. canadensis were positively correlated with latitude, and with S. canadensis plant growth, indicating a latitudinal pattern in the resistance of S. canadensis to C. marmorata. However, in the greenhouse experiment, S. canadensis from different latitudes did not suffer significantly from different levels of damage from C. marmorata. Additionally, the damage level of S. canadensis was lower when rhizosphere soil and rhizomes originated from field S. canadensis with same damage level than with different damage levels. This result indicates that local rhizosphere soil microbes promote the adaptation of S. canadensis to resistance of C. marmorata.
Interactions between invasive plants and heavy metal stresses: a review
Authors: Li Jian , Leng Zhanrui , Wu Yueming , Du Yizhou , Dai Zhicong , Biswas Asim , Zheng Xiaojun , Li Guanlin , Mahmoud Esawy Kasem , Jia Hui , Du Daolin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlobal changes have altered the distribution pattern of the plant communities, including invasive species. Anthropogenic contamination may reduce native plant resistance to the invasive species. Thus, the focus of the current review is on the contaminant biogeochemical behavior among native plants, invasive species and the soil within the plant–soil ecosystem to improve our understanding of the interactions between invasive plants and environmental stressors. Our studies together with synthesis of the literature showed that (i) the impacts of invasive species on environmental stress were heterogeneous, (ii) the size of the impact was variable and (iii) the influence types were multidirectional even within the same impact type. However, invasive plants showed self-protective mechanisms when exposed to heavy metals (HMs) and provided either positive or negative influence on the bioavailability and toxicity of HMs. On the other hand, HMs may favor plant invasion due to the widespread higher tolerance of invasive plants to HMs together with the ‘escape behavior’ of native plants when exposed to toxic HM pollution. However, there has been no consensus on whether elemental compositions of invasive plants are different from the natives in the polluted regions. A quantitative research comparing plant, litter and soil contaminant contents between native plants and the invaders in a global context is an indispensable research focus in the future.
Cosmological impact of redshift drift measurements
Authors: Esteves J , Martins C J A P , Pereira B G , Alves C S 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The redshift drift is a model-independent probe of fundamental cosmology, but choosing a fiducial model one can also use it to constrain the model parameters. We compare the constraining power of redshift drift measurements by the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), as studied by Liske et al., with that of two recently proposed alternatives: the cosmic accelerometer of Eikenberry et al., and the differential redshift drift of Cooke. We find that the cosmic accelerometer with a 6-yr baseline leads to weaker constraints than those of the ELT (by 60 per cent); however, with identical time baselines it outperforms the ELT by up to a factor of 6. The differential redshift drift always performs worse than the standard approach if the goal is to constrain the matter density; however, it can perform significantly better than it if the goal is to constrain the dark energy equation of state. Our results show that accurately measuring the redshift drift and using these measurements to constrain cosmological parameters are different merit functions: an experiment optimized for one of them will not be optimal for the other. These non-trivial trade-offs must be kept in mind as next-generation instruments enter their final design and construction phases.