bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composite engineered biomaterial adaptable for repair and regeneration of wounds
Authors: Wu Yidi , Wagner William D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOngoing investigations in wound repair bring new opportunities and challenges for creating novel composite engineered biomaterials. Efforts have been directed toward using different combinations of biomaterials with the goal of providing an ideal biomimetic substitute for native tissue. A universal formula using collagen, fibroin and a synthetic polymer is proposed. By modifying the ratio of the building blocks, the composite material can be fabricated to match the mechanical property of different types of tissues and be further tuned to carry desirable physical and biological function. The results should provide composite engineered materials comparable to native tissue in order to repair and regenerate a variety of wounds and tissues.
The effects of necrostatin‐1 on the in vitro development and function of young porcine islets over 14‐day prolonged tissue culture
Authors: Lau Hien , Corrales Nicole , Rodriguez Samuel , Park Soomin , Mohammadi Mohammadreza , Li Shiri , Alexander Michael , Lakey Jonathan R.T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundNecrostatin‐1 (Nec‐1) supplementation to tissue culture media on day 3 has recently been shown to augment the insulin content, endocrine cellular composition, and insulin release of pre‐weaned porcine islets (PPIs); however, its effects were only examined for the first 7 days of tissue culture. The present study examined whether the addition of Nec‐1 on day 3 could further enhance the in vitro development and function of PPIs after 14 days of tissue culture.MethodsPPIs were isolated from 8‐ to 15‐day‐old, pre‐weaned Yorkshire piglets and cultured in an islet maturation media supplemented with Nec‐1 on day 3. The recovery, viability, insulin content, endocrine cellular composition, GLUT2 expression in beta cells, differentiation and proliferation potential, and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion of PPIs were assessed on days 3, 7, and 14 of tissue culture (n = 5 on each day).ResultsCompared with day 7 of tissue culture, islets on day 14 had a lower recovery, GLUT2 expression in beta cells, proliferation capacity of endocrine cells, and glucose‐induced insulin stimulation index. Prolonging the culture time to 14 days did not affect islet viability, insulin content, proportion of endocrine cells, and differentiation potential.ConclusionThe growth‐inducing effects of Nec‐1 on PPIs were most effective on day 7 of tissue culture when added on day 3. Our findings support existing evidence that the in vitro activities of Nec‐1 are short‐lived and encourage future studies to explore the use of other novel growth factors during prolonged islet tissue culture.
Assessing the occurrence of the novel zoonotic variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 in captive squirrels in Germany —A prevalence study
Authors: Allendorf Valerie , Rubbenstroth Dennis , Schlottau Kore , Hoffmann Donata , Frank Christina , Amler Susanne , Beer Martin , Conraths Franz Josef , Homeier‐Bachmann Timo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe newly described zoonotic variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV‐1) in German squirrel holdings has been associated with the death of three private owners and one zoo animal caretaker (confirmed cases). Epidemiological investigations were severely impeded by the general lack of data on holdings of the putative reservoir hosts, the family Sciuridae. To fill this lack of data for detailed epidemiological investigations of the captive squirrel population, a register of private and zoological squirrel holdings was established. The findings show a broad variety of kept species and their frequency distribution. By contacting the different stakeholders via Web‐based social groups and societies, information passed in both directions so that disease awareness could be raised and participants could be recruited for further studies. Cross‐sectional studies revealed a prevalence of VSBV‐1‐positive subpopulations of 0% (95% CI 0%–6.2%) among private squirrel collections and 1.9% (95% CI: 0%–9.9%) among zoos in Germany. The approach presented here can be transferred to other populations of non‐traditional pets, which may be equally difficult to monitor, in the case of an emerging zoonotic infectious disease.
Sex differences in the incidence and mode of death in rats with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Elkholey Khaled , Morris Lynsie , Niewiadomska Monika , Houser Jeremy , Ramirez Michelle , Tang Mulan , Humphrey Mary Beth , Stavrakis Stavros 
Published: January 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Prior studies failed to address the role of sex in modifying the pathophysiology and response to therapy in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), potentially introducing bias into translational findings. We aimed to explore sex differences in outcomes and sought to identify the underlying mechanisms in a well‐established rat model of HFpEF.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Male rats with HFpEF exhibited worse survival compared with females and were at a higher risk for sudden death, attributable in part to QT prolongation, autonomic dysregulation and enhanced inflammation. These data might provide the basis for the development of sex‐specific interventions in HFpEF targeting these abnormalities.

AbstractHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for 50% of heart failure, and sudden death is the leading cause of mortality. We aimed to explore sex differences in outcomes in rats with HFpEF and sought to identify the underlying mechanisms. Dahl salt‐sensitive rats of either sex were randomized into high‐salt diet (HS diet; 8% NaCl, n = 46, 50% female) or low‐salt diet (LS diet; 0.3% NaCl; n = 24, 50% female) at 7 weeks of age. After 6 and 10 weeks of LS or HS diets, the ECG, heart rate variability, cytokines and echocardiographic parameters were measured. The animals were monitored daily for development of HFpEF and survival. Over 6 weeks of HS diet, rats developed significant hypertension and signs of HFpEF. Compared with female HS diet‐fed rats, males exhibited more left ventricular dilatation, a longer QT interval, and worse autonomic tone, as assessed by heart rate variability and elevated inflammatory cytokines. Ten of 23 (46%) male rats died during follow‐up, compared with two of 23 (9%) female rats (P = 0.01). There were four sudden deaths in males (with ventricular tachycardia documented in one rat), whereas the females died of heart failure. In conclusion, male rats with HFpEF exhibit worse survival compared with females and are at a higher risk for sudden death, attributable in part to QT prolongation, autonomic dysregulation and enhanced inflammation. These data might provide the basis for the development of sex‐specific interventions in HFpEF targeting these abnormalities.
Age and sex differences in blood pressure responses during hyperpnoea
Authors: Shimizu Kaori , Shiozawa Kana , Ishida Koji , Saito Mitsuru , Mizuno Sahiro , Akima Hiroshi , Katayama Keisho 
Published: January 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Increased respiratory muscle activation is associated with neural and cardiovascular consequences via the respiratory muscle‐induced metaboreflex. Does ageing and/or sex influence the arterial blood pressure response during voluntary normocapnic incremental hyperpnoea?
What is the main finding and its importance?
The increase in blood pressure during hyperpnoea was smaller in younger females than in older females, whereas no difference was found between older males and older females. The blunted respiratory muscle‐induced metaboreflex in younger females is normalized with advancing age, whereas ageing has no such effect in males.
AbstractWe hypothesized that older females (OF) have a greater arterial blood pressure response to increased respiratory muscle work compared with younger females (YF) and that no such difference exists between older males (OM) and younger males (YM). To test these hypotheses, cardiovascular responses during voluntary normocapnic incremental hyperpnoea were evaluated and compared between older and younger subjects. An incremental respiratory endurance test (IRET) was performed as follows: target minute ventilation was initially set at 30% of the maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV12) and was increased by 10% of MVV12 every 3 min. The test was terminated when the subject could not maintain the target percentage of MVV12. Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were recorded continuously. The increase in MAP from baseline (ΔMAP) during the IRET in OM (+24.0 ± 14.7 mmHg, mean ± SD) did not differ (P = 0.144) from that in YM (+24.3 ± 13.4 mmHg), but it was greater (P = 0.004) in OF (+31.2 ± 11.6 mmHg) than in YF (+10.3 ± 5.5 mmHg). No significant difference in ΔMAP during the IRET was observed between OM and OF (P = 0.975). These results suggest that the respiratory muscle‐induced metaboreflex is blunted in YF, but it could be normalized with advancing age. In males, ageing has little effect on the respiratory muscle‐induced metaboreflex. These results show no sex difference in the respiratory muscle‐induced metaboreflex in older adults.
Demand Side Electric Energy Consumption Optimization in a Smart Household Using Scheduling and Model Predictive Temperature Control
Authors: Taik Salma , Kiss Bálint 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Utility companies seek to increase energy efficiency and productivity and try to reduce peak loads. This often involves consumer-side demand management in residential areas using dynamic time-of-use (ToU) tariff. Such strategies work if the consumer-side response is at least partly automated using some real-time optimization strategy. Our paper proposes a consumer-side optimization and control framework for scheduling the electric appliances in a smart household and preserving a thermal comfort level through an electric heating system. Our framework consists of two optimization components interacting with each other. The first optimization component schedules the home appliances based on a mixed integer programming approach. An electric vehicle (EV) is considered as a special home appliance with an energy storage capability. The second optimization component is the model predictive control (MPC) strategy for the electric heating system, such that the input constraints are defined by the scheduling results of the first component. Due to outside temperature variations, the input constraints may impede the MPC to maintain the required thermal comfort, which triggers a rescheduling event for the first component. The efficiency of the framework is presented in multiple simulations for scenarios with different consumer behaviors.
Preliminary Experimental Study of Warm Ultrasonic Impact-Assisted Laser Metal Deposition
Authors: Song Hanyu , Li Minglang , Wang Muxuan , Wu Benxin , Liu Ze , Ding Hongtao , Liu Weidong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A preliminary experimental study on “warm ultrasonic impact-assisted laser metal deposition” (WUI-LMD) is reported, and such a study is rare in literature to the authors’ knowledge. In WUI-LMD, an ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) tip is placed near the laser spot for in-situ treatment of laser-deposited warm solid material, and the UIT and LMD processes proceed simultaneously. Under the conditions investigated, it is found that in-situ UIT during WUI-LMD can be much more effective in reducing porosity than a post-process UIT. Possible underlying mechanisms are analyzed. WUI-LMD has great potential to reduce defects and improve mechanical properties without increasing manufacturing time.
Characteristics and Mechanism of Top Burr Formation in Micro-Milling LF21
Authors: Luan Yihan , Lu Xiaohong , Hou Pengrong , Liang Steven Y. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
During micro-milling aluminum alloy LF21 process, it tends to produce large top burr usually detected at the top of slot walls. Therefore, the machining accuracy and quality of the micro-parts are difficult to satisfy. To suppress burr and achieve the higher machining quality of machined LF21 micro-parts, this paper using the Johnson–Cook constitutive model establishes a two-dimensional finite element simulation model to obtain a better recognition of burr formation mechanisms and a three-dimensional finite element simulation model to better simulate burr formation process and measure top burr height. Furthermore, effective validation experiments for the proposed models are conducted, good agreements are achieved in the cutting force and top burr height between the experiments and simulation results. The study explores the formation mechanism of top burr in micro-milling LF21 and reveals the influence law of cutting parameters on top burr height based on the simulation and experimental results. The research guides the selection of cutting parameters in micro-milling LF21 process.
Efficient Spot Welding Sequence Simulation in Compliant Variation Simulation
Authors: Sadeghi Tabar Roham , Lorin Samuel , Cromvik Christoffer , Lindkvist Lars , Wärmefjord Kristina , Söderberg Rikard 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Geometrical variation is one of the sources of quality issues in a product. Spot welding is an operation that impacts the final geometrical variation of a sheet metal assembly considerably. Evaluating the outcome of the assembly, considering the existing geometrical variation between the components, can be achieved using the method of influence coefficients (MICs), based on the finite element method (FEM). The sequence with which the spot welding operation is performed influences the final geometrical deformations of the assembly. Finding the optimal sequence that results in the minimum geometrical deformation is a combinatorial problem that is experimentally and computationally expensive. Traditionally, spot welding sequence optimization strategies have been to simulate the geometrical variation of the spot-welded assembly after the assembly has been positioned in an inspection fixture. In this approach, the calculation of deformation after springback is one of the most time-consuming steps. In this paper, a method is proposed where the springback calculation in the inspection fixture is bypassed during the sequence evaluation. The results show a significant correlation between the proposed method of weld relative displacements evaluation in the assembly fixture and the assembly deformation in the inspection fixture. Evaluating the relative weld displacement makes each assembly simulation less time-consuming, and thereby, sequence optimization time can be reduced by up to 30%, compared to the traditional approach.
Design Ideation Through Speculative Fiction: Foundational Principles and Exploratory Study
Authors: Kotecha Maulik C. , Chen Ting-Ju , McAdams Daniel A. , Krishnamurthy Vinayak 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to position speculative fiction as a broader framework to stimulate, facilitate, and study engineering design ideation. For this, we first present a comprehensive and detailed review of the literature on how fiction, especially science fiction, has played a role in design and decision-making. To further strengthen the need for speculative fiction for idea stimulation, we further prototype and study a prototype workflow that utilizes excerpts from speculative fiction books as textual stimuli for design ideation. Through a qualitative study of this workflow, we gain insights into the effect of textual stimuli from science fiction narratives on design concepts. Our study reveals that the texts consisting of the terms from the design statement or closely related to the problem boost the idea generation process. We further discover that less directly related stimuli may encourage out-of-the-box and divergent thinking. Using the insights gained from our study, we pose critical questions to initiate speculative fiction-based design ideation as a new research direction in engineering design. Subsequently, we discuss current research directions and domains necessary to take the technical, technological, and methodological steps needed for future research on design methodologies based on speculative fictional inspiration. Finally, we present a practical case to demonstrate how an engineering design workflow could be operationalized by investigating a concrete example of the design of automotive user interfaces (automotive-UI) through the lens of speculative fiction.
Support Vector Machines Model of the Nonlinear Hydrodynamics of Fixed Cylinders
Authors: Ma Yu , Sclavounos Paul D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Data-driven modeling is considered as a prospective approach for many conventional physical problems including ocean applications. Among various machine learning techniques, support vector machine stands out as one of the most widely used algorithms to establish models connecting pertinent features to physical quantities of interest. This paper takes the experimental data for a fixed cylinder in shallow water as the baseline data set and explores the modeling of nonlinear wave loads by the support vector machine (SVM) regression method. Different feature and target selections are studied in this paper to establish the nonlinear mapping relations from ambient wave elevations and kinematics to nonlinear wave loads. The performance of the SVM regression model is discussed and compared with nonlinear potential flow theory focusing on the overall statistics (standard deviation and kurtosis), which is critical for fatigue and extreme statistics analysis.
Scalar Diffusion Equation-Based Model to Predict 2-Dimensional Film Cooling Effectiveness of a Shaped Hole
Authors: Chen Ziyu , Li Yifei , Su Xinrong , Yuan Xin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
One-dimensional laterally averaged adiabatic film cooling effectiveness η¯lat-based correlations have been widely employed in the cooling design of the modern gas turbine and aero-engine; however, the flow field of the discrete film cooling is fully three dimensional, and thus, the cooling effectiveness distribution on the solid surface is two dimensional. Accurate prediction of the cooling effectiveness distribution in the lateral direction would help to optimize the film cooling design, but few paid attention to this issue in the literature. In this study, a simple yet accurate scalar diffusion equation based model is proposed to extend the one-dimensional correlation into two dimensional. The model is proved to be accurate and efficient. According to the accuracy analysis, the R2 value is larger than 0.95 for the two-dimensional prediction and over 0.93 along the centerline. With given input parameters, the calculation cost for solving a certain case is in the magnitude of 1 × 10−3s in time using the space-marching method. There is only the effective diffusion coefficient left to be modeled in the control equation. It represents the balance between the diffusion and the passive transportation by the main flow. Analyses conducted within the typical experimental range show that κ~eff is only dependent on the velocity ratio and the main-flow turbulence.
On the Importance of Transition Control at Transonic Compressor Blades
Authors: Hergt Alexander , Klinner J. , Grund S. , Willert C. , Steinert W. , Beversdorff M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe flow through a transonic compressor cascade is characterized by high unsteadiness and a high loss level. This results from the shock waves in the blade cascade and their interaction with the blade suction side boundary layer. In the case of a laminar shock wave boundary layer interaction, the loss level is higher due to the occurrence of a laminar separation bubble below the shock wave compared to the shock wave interaction with a turbulent boundary layer. In addition, the oscillation of the shock position in both cases influences the working range concerning the point of stall onset as well as leading to an unsteady interaction with the blade called buffeting. The reduction of losses and of unsteadiness in the shock wave oscillation, connected to a decrease of the blade buffeting effect, is the aim of the current investigation. Therefore, experimental investigations using a roughness patch as well as air jet vortex generators in order to control the transition in a transonic compressor cascade have been conducted at the transonic cascade wind tunnel of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) at Cologne. At an inflow Mach number of 1.21, a loss reduction for both transition control cases is achieved. In spite of a nearly uninfluenced fluctuation range of the passage shock wave compared to the reference cascade, the oscillation spectra of the transition control cases show a reduction of the shock movement amplitude at a frequency below 500 Hz and above 1 kHz. In the closing section of the paper, a detailed discussion on the reasons for the resulting flow behavior based on particle image velocimetry and high-speed shadowgraphy data is given. The resulting conclusion of the study is that the consideration of transition control at transonic compressor blades is very important in order to reduce losses and flow unsteadiness that directly influences blade buffeting and the numerical prediction quality of the stall onset.
Enhancement of Cu Nanoparticles Dispersion in Nanolubricants by Magnetron Sputtering Deposition and Its Influence on the Tribological Behavior
Authors: Trajano M. F. , Franceschini D. F. , Silva Edimilson F. , Correa M. Assolin , Bohn F. , Alves S. M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We investigated the chemical, physical, and tribological properties of nanolubricants consisting of epoxidized sunflower oil with Cu nanoparticles as additive. These latter are produced by magnetron sputtering at distinct current levels in the deposition, to improve the development of nanolubricants by enhancing the nanoparticles dispersion. The nanolubricants are here characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, ultraviolet–visible absorbance spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and scanning electron microscopy. After all, the tribological properties of the bionanolubricants are investigated using a high-frequency reciprocating rig equipment, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Our results disclose the nanolubricants produced using the magnetron sputtering technique have excellent nanoparticle dispersion, as well as good tribological performance.