bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How fever is defined in COVID-19 publications: a disturbing lack of precision
Authors: Grünebaum Amos , Chervenak Frank A. , McCullough Laurence B. , Dudenhausen Joachim W. , Bornstein Eran , Mackowiak Philip A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Fever is the single most frequently reported manifestation of COVID-19 and is a critical element of screening persons for COVID-19. The meaning of “fever” varies depending on the cutoff temperature used, the type of thermometer, the time of the day, the site of measurements, and the person’s gender and race. The absence of a universally accepted definition for fever has been especially problematic during the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This investigation determined the extent to which fever is defined in COVID-19 publications, with special attention to those associated with pregnancy.

Results
Of 53 publications identified in which “fever” is reported as a manifestation of COVID-19 illness, none described the method used to measure patient’s temperatures. Only 10 (19%) publications specified the minimum temperature used to define a fever with values that varied from a 37.3 °C (99.1 °F) to 38.1 °C (100.6 °F).

Conclusions
There is a disturbing lack of precision in defining fever in COVID-19 publications. Given the many factors influencing temperature measurements in humans, there can never be a single, universally accepted temperature cut-off defining a fever. This clinical reality should not prevent precision in reporting fever. To achieve the precision and improve scientific and clinical communication, when fever is reported in clinical investigations, at a minimum the cut-off temperature used in determining the presence of fever, the anatomical site at which temperatures are taken, and the instrument used to measure temperatures should each be described. In the absence of such information, what is meant by the term “fever” is uncertain.
Gesture, prosody and verbal content in non-fluent aphasic speech
Authors: Ferré Gaëlle 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Non-fluent aphasia is characterized by frequent word search and a much slower speech rate than non-aphasic speech. For patients with this type of aphasia, communication with those around them is therefore made difficult and is often severely impaired. One of the therapeutic proposals to improve the quality of life of these patients is to re-educate them with more multimodal alternatives. This of course assumes that gestures represent possible alternative means of communication for patients, and that their gestures are not affected in the same way as their speech. This article therefore proposes to study the gestures of 4 aphasic people and to compare them to the gestures performed by non-aphasic people, but also to establish correspondences between those gestures, intonation contours and the way people with aphasia develop their discourse. Results show that although gesture rate is not different in the two groups of participants, the gesture-to-speech ratio is higher for people with aphasia (PWA) than for non-aphasic people (NAP). Considering the fact that PWA also gesture more than NAP during silent pauses, which are longer but not more frequent than in NAP’s speech, and the fact that their gestures coincide less often with a lexical word, we believe that PWA use their gestures as compensation strategies for deficient speech. Yet, their speech impairment is also reflected in their gesturing: more gestures are prepared but abandoned before the stroke in this group and pre-stroke holds are longer, which means that PWA hold their gestures in the hope that they will better coincide with the word they are supposed to accompany and which takes more time to be uttered than in non-pathological speech. Their gestures are also less linked to each other than in the NAP group which goes hand in hand with the fact that they tend to utter independent syntactic phrases with no cohesive marker between them. This is also reflected in their less frequent use of flat and rising tones in intonation, which generally indicate that two sentence parts are dependent one upon the other, as well as their less frequent use of gestures showing discourse organization. In terms of gesture types, the PWA in this study perform many rhythmic beats and rely much on conventional gestures to compensate for their speech impairment rather than on their own creativity. Globally, this means that if multimodal therapies may benefit PWA to improve their communication with other people, speech therapists nevertheless need to be aware that life-long habits of gesture-speech alignment and synchronization may not be so easy to overcome for patients.
Transparent ultraviolet-shielding composite films made from dispersing pristine zinc oxide nanoparticles in low-density polyethylene
Authors: Cui Lina , Huang Canyi , Xia Hong , Qiu Yiping , Ni Qing-Qing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work proposes an approach to fabricate flexible transparent ultraviolet (UV)-shielding membrane by casting method, which uniformly disperses pristine zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) in low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The critical conditions for film fabrication, such as casting temperature, LDPE concentration in the solution, dissolution time, NP concentration, and post hot press cooling processes, are systematically studied. It is found that the casting temperature needs to be close to the melting temperature of LDPE, namely, 115°C, so that transparent film formation without cracks can be guaranteed. NP agglomerates are suppressed if the polymer concentration is controlled below 6%. For good dispersion of NPs, LDPE has to be swelled or unentangled enough in the solution (close to 200 h dissolution time), and then the NP agglomerates can be diminished due to the diffusion of the NPs into the polymer gel (322 h dissolution time). When the NPs are well-dispersed in the LDPE film, the film can completely shield UV light while allowing high transmissivity for the visible light. As the concentration of NPs in the film increases from 4 to 6%, the transmissivity of the film decreases, the tensile strength increases, and the tensile failure strain decreases.
A comprehensive review of the influences of nanoparticles as a fuel additive in an internal combustion engine (ICE)
Authors: Yusof Siti Nurul Akmal , Sidik Nor Azwadi Che , Asako Yutaka , Japar Wan Mohd. Arif Aziz , Mohamed Saiful Bahri , Muhammad Nura Mu’az 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nanofluid is a colloidal mixture consisting of nano-sized particles dispersed in a liquid medium. It improves heat transfer properties and promotes high energy efficiency in a wide spectrum of engineering applications. In recent years, particularly in the automotive industry, the addition of nanofluid in diesel/biodiesel as an additive for ICE has become an attractive approach to promote enhanced combustion efficiency and emission reduction due to their superior thermophysical properties. Many researchers have previously demonstrated that the addition of nanoparticles in diesel/biodiesel fuel improved the overall engine combustion characteristics. As a whole, this study aims to summarize the recent research findings related to the effect of nanoparticles on the fuel properties and engine combustion efficiency. Furthermore, different types of additive blended with varying fuel properties are also compared and discussed. Lastly, the advantages and prospects of using nanofluid as an additive fuel are summarized for future research opportunities.
An optimal system of group-invariant solutions and conserved quantities of a nonlinear fifth-order integrable equation
Authors: Simbanefayi Innocent , Khalique Chaudry Masood 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, we perform Lie group analysis on a fifth-order integrable nonlinear partial differential equation, which was recently introduced in the literature and contains two dispersive terms. We determine a one-parameter group of transformations, an optimal system of group invariant solutions, and derive the corresponding analytic solutions. Topological kink, periodic and power series solutions are obtained. The existence of a variational principle for the underlying equation is proven using Helmholtz conditions and, thereafter, both local and nonlocal conserved quantities are obtained by utilising Noether’s theorem and a homotopy integral approach.
Energy equilibrium analysis in the effervescent atomization
Authors: Duan Runze , Feng Ziwei , Duan Hongbin , Qu Huiru , Tian Liting , Jia Wenqi , Baleta Jakov , Wang Enyu , Liu Liansheng , Tian Liang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the flow characteristics and energy equilibrium analysis of the effervescent atomization had been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The effect of the gas–liquid rate (GLR from 0.04 to 0.15) on the atomization stability was revealed. When the GLR was small, the atomization was unstable. The atomization was gradually stable with an increase in the GLR. The optimal atomization region can be obtained. The Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the droplets was measured by the phase Doppler analyzer. The SMD decreases with an increase in the GLR. The energy equilibrium analysis was investigated for the swirl atomizer theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the energy dissipation terms are mainly compressed gas expansion, liquid viscosity dissipation, and resistance losses. However, the ratio of the spray kinetic energy and the surface tension energy to the total energy is small.
Fundamental solutions for the long–short-wave interaction system
Authors: Inc Mustafa , Hassan Samia Zaki , Abdelrahman Mahmoud , Alomair Reem Abdalaziz , Chu Yu-Ming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this article, the system for the long–short-wave interaction (LS) system is considered. In order to construct some new traveling wave solutions, He’s semi-inverse method is implemented. These solutions may be applicable for some physical environments, such as physics and fluid mechanics. These new solutions show that the proposed method is easy to apply and the proposed technique is a very powerful tool to solve many other nonlinear partial differential equations in applied science.
Root endophyte induced plant thermotolerance by constitutive chromatin modification at heat stress memory gene loci
Authors: Shekhawat Kirti , Saad Maged M , Sheikh Arsheed , Mariappan Kiruthiga , Al‐Mahmoudi Henda , Abdulhakim Fatimah , Eida Abdul Aziz , Jalal Rewaa , Masmoudi Khaled , Hirt Heribert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlobal warming has become a critical challenge to food security, causing severe yield losses of major crops worldwide. Conventional and transgenic breeding strategies to enhance plant thermotolerance are laborious and expensive. Therefore, the use of beneficial microbes could be an alternative approach. Here, we report that the root endophyte Enterobacter sp. SA187 induces thermotolerance in wheat in the laboratory as well as in open‐field agriculture. To unravel the molecular mechanisms, we used Arabidopsis thaliana as model plant. SA187 reprogramed the Arabidopsis transcriptome via HSFA2‐dependent enhancement of H3K4me3 levels at heat stress memory gene loci. Unlike thermopriming, SA187‐induced thermotolerance is mediated by ethylene signaling via the transcription factor EIN3. In contrast to the transient chromatin modification by thermopriming, SA187 induces constitutive H3K4me3 modification of heat stress memory genes, generating robust thermotolerance in plants. Importantly, microbial community composition of wheat plants in open‐field agriculture is not influenced by SA187, indicating that beneficial microbes can be a powerful tool to enhance thermotolerance of crops in a sustainable manner.
Atrial fibrillation in patients treated with intravenous zoledronic or pamidronic acid: a pharmacoepidemiological study
Authors: Pijnenburg Luc , Salem Joe-Elie , Lebrun-Vignes Bénédicte , Sibilia Jean , Javier Rose-Marie , Arnaud Laurent 
Published: January 2021

Objective
Atrial fibrillation (AF) may be triggered by intravenous bisphosphonates (IVBPs) such as zoledronic acid or pamidronic acid. Our objective was to confirm the association between AF and IVBPs in a real-life large pharmacovigilance database.

Design
A systematic analysis of VigiBase, the World Health Organization's pharmacovigilance database.

Methods
Analysis of adverse events reported as ‘atrial fibrillation’ (according to the Medical Dictionary for Drug Regulatory Activities) associated with the use of zoledronic acid or pamidronic acid, in VigiBase, the World Health Organization's global Individual Case Safety Report (ICSR) database. All ICSRs reporting AF associated with zoledronic acid or pamidronic acid were included in a disproportionality analysis determining the lower end of the 95% credibility interval for the information component (IC025), showing a statistical association when >0.

Results
530 ICSRs reporting on the association between AF and IVBPs were extracted. Bayesian disproportionality analysis detected a significant association between AF and use of zoledronic acid (IC025 = 1.83) and pamidronic acid (IC025 = 2.16). Further analysis of these ICSRs determined that AF was severe in 85.0% of cases and with a mortality of 17.7%. The risk of severe AF was increased (OR: 2.98 (95% CI: 1.17–7.57), P = 0.02) following zoledronic acid vs pamidronic acid, after adjustment for age and gender.

Conclusions
This is the first VigiBase pharmacoepidemiological study confirming the association between IVBPs and AF. Most AF were severe, with a high frequency of lethal outcome. The risk of severe AF was increased following zoledronic acid use compared to pamidronic acid, advocating for a cautious use of IVBPs.
Collocations in Academic Language in German and Danish
Authors: Simonsen Irene 
Published: January 2021

This study compares the collocational use of the different word forms of five roots of academic language in German and Danish, considered essential for the realization of obligatory moves in the academic abstract, namely *analy*, *untersuch*/*undersøg*, *method*/*metod*, *theor*/*teor* and *empiri*. The aim of the comparison is to uncover differences and similarities in the expert norm of the two languages in order to gain insights that may help to inform the teaching of German-speaking students who must learn written standard Danish as part of their studies in Denmark. The study places special emphasis on the topic of variation, since variation reflects interculturally different uses of language specifically and is a major theme in academic language in general. The frequency and distribution of the five roots as verb, noun and adjective are compared in the collocations: noun + verb, verb + noun, adjective + noun in a study of two corpora of 100 dissertation abstracts from each of the two languages (approx.145.000 tokens), using the Word Sketch function of the corpus tool Sketch Engine. The LogDice measure has been used to identify the collocations, and variation is operationalized as the type-token ratio, computed for each syntactic relation. The results show general differences between the two languages. The use of different collocations with word forms from the five word families is greater in academic language in German than in Danish, despite a very similar distribution of the collocations in the languages and despite higher frequencies in Danish. The collocational use of the words in Danish therefore seems to be less varied and more restricted than in academic language in German.
SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND CONTRIBUTION OF PARTICLES FROM RICE STRAW OPEN BURNING TO THE ATMOSPHERE IN HANOI
Authors: Pham Thuy Chau 
Published: January 2021

Atmospheric ultrafine, accumulation mode and coarse fractions collected at representative rice straw open burning areas in Hanoi were investigated to identify characteristics of size distribution and contribution of particles emitted from rice straw (RS) burning season to the atmosphere. The sampling was conducted in two episodes: RS burning episode and RS non-burning episode at Dong Anh and Quoc Oai, in seven consecutive days for each sampling campaign from 2018 to 2019. In the RS burning episode, PM1-2.5 showed the highest fraction among all collected particles in both sampling sites, while PM2.5-10 was the most abundant in RS non-burning season. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 in RS burning period and RS non-burning period were 79.7  46.5 g m-3 and 65.2  21.9 g m-3, respectively at Dong Anh sampling site. Those values were 90.9  33.2 g m-3 in the QO_RS burning site and 71.9  29.3 g m-3 in the TM_RS non-burning site. The proportion of fine particle (PM2.5) at both sites were considerable higher in RS burning period as compared to non-burning period, while the concentration of ultrafineparticle (PM0.1) and coarse particle (PM>10m) were similar between two episodes. This result provides better understanding on size distribution and contribution of fine particles from open RS burning to the atmosphere in Hanoi, which is an useful information for the environmental managers to control RS open burning in Hanoi as well as in Vietnam.
Indoor and outdoor relationships of particle with different sizes in an apartment in Hanoi: mass concentration and respiratory dose estimation
Authors: Ha Vo Thi Le , Anh Van Dieu , Hien Nguyen Thi Thu , Dung Nghiem Trung , Simada Yoko , Yoneda Minoru 
Published: January 2021

This paper presents data on the size characterization concentration of PM0.1, PM0.5, PM1, PM2.5, PM10, TSP in indoor and outdoor air of a residential apartment in two seasons (winter and summer) in Hanoi, Vietnam. These particles with different sizes were taken by 5 stage impactors (Nano sampler 3182, KINOMAX). Daily average concentrations of coarse particles (PM10) and fine particles (PM2.5) indoors and outdoors exceeded the WHO recommended values. In winter, the concentrations of PM0.5, PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, TSP are higher than in summer. However, concentrations of PM0.1 (NP) remains negligible change between two seasons. The indoor NP accounts about 17% and 8 % of fine particle (PM2.5) and 12 % and 7% of coarse particle (PM10) in winter and summer, respectively. The indoor fraction for small sizes (NP, PM0.5, PM1 and PM2.5) have better infiltration than coarse sizes (PM10 and TSP), except for NP in summer. Moderate correlation between wind speed (Ws) and PM concentration are found, whereas precipitation (Pr), Relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) correlate with concentration with different sizes are determined. Strong correlations between particles with different sizes are also found in indoors and outdoors (r = 0.73-0.98). Household activities like cooking, cleaning and vacuum cleaner are attributed to elevate the indoor NP. The Monte Carlo simulation shows that highest estimated dose is observed in the age group (over 60 years) and age group (0-3 years) suffers the lowest dose, which has implications in the adverse health effects for sensitive groups. Sensitive analysis find the concentration of particles to be the most influencing factor on inhalation dose estimation.
Analisis Penggunaan Media Power Point dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh pada Materi Animalia Kelas VIII
Authors: Purwanti Lusi , Widyaningrum Rizki , Melinda Surya Ayu 
Published: January 2021

Media pembelajaran yang biasa digunakan di SMP Negeri 1 Pandak adalah <em>power point. </em>Peneliti ini dilakukan untuk melihat keefektifan penggunaan media <em>power point </em>pada pembelajaran materi animalia di SMP Negeri 1 Pandak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII, dan sempel dipilih secara acak sebanyak 25 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah kuisioner, dengan instrument penelitian adalah angket yang diisi oleh siswa melalui <em>Google Form </em>yang dikirimkan melalui <em>whatsapp group </em>kelas.<em> </em>Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menunjukan bahwa media pembelajaran <em>power point</em> efektif digunakan dalam Pembelajaran materi animalia kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 1 Pandak.<br /><p> </p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: <em>power point, </em>pembelajaran jarak jauh, materi animalia<strong></strong></p>
A Battery-Powered Soft Electromechanical Stimulation Patch for Haptic Human-Machine Interfaces
Authors: Zhong Junwen , Qiu Wenying , Jiang Tao , Yao Archie , Shao Zhichun , Cheng Qilong , Liang Jiaming , Wang Dongkai , Bogy David , Zhang Min , Wang Xiaohao , Lin Liwei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
One grand challenge in haptic human-machine interface devices is to electromechanically stimulate sensations on human skins wirelessly by thin and soft patches under a low driving voltage. Here, we propose a soft haptics-feedback system using highly charged, polymeric electret films with the annulus-shape bump contact structure to induce mechanical sensations on volunteers under an applied voltage as low as 5 volts. Together with bendable lithium ion batteries and a flexible circuit board, an untethered stimulation patch is constructed for active operations of at least 2 hours with low power consumptions. As an application example, a “silent haptic communication” system is demonstrated to transmit English alphabet letters via the mechanical beating patterns from a patch onto the fingertip of a receiving volunteer. The analytical model, design principle, and performance characterizations can be applicable for the integrations with other devices in wearable electronics toward various applications, including AR (augmented reality) and VR (virtual reality).
Prevalence and Prognostic Value of Myocardial Injury in the Initial Presentation of&nbsp;SARS-CoV-2 Infection&nbsp;among Older Adults
Authors: Arnau-Barres Isabel , Pascual-Dapena Ana , López-Montesinos Inmaculada , Gómez-Zorrilla Silvia , Sorli Luisa , Herrero Marta , Horcajada Juan Pablo , Nogues Xavier , Vazquez Olga , García-Giralt Natalia , Miralles Ramon , Güerri-Fernández Robert 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Myocardial involvement during SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported in many prior publications. Data about this condition in older adults is scarce especially its role in clinical prognosis. We aim to study the prevalence and the clinical implications of acute myocardial injury (MIN) during SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in older patients.MethodsLongitudinal observational study where all consecutive adult patients admitted to a COVID-19 unit between March to April 2020 were included. Those patients aged ≥65 were considered as older patients. MIN was defined as at least 1 high-sensitive troponin (hs-TnT) concentration above the 99th percentile upper reference limit with different sex-cutoff.ResultsAmong the 634 patients admitted during the period of observation 365(58%) had evidence of MIN (hs-TnT>14 pg/mL), and among those 224(61%) were older adults. Individuals with acute MIN were more prone to be older, had more comorbidities, more functional decline at admission, and higher inflammatory parameters. Among older adults, MIN was associated with longer time to recovery compared to those without MIN [13 days(IQR 6-21) vs 9 days(IQR 5-17);p<0.001 repectively. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in older adults with MIN at admission vs those without MIN [71(31%) vs 11(12%);p<0.001]. In a logistic regression model adjusting by age, sex, severity and Charlson comorbidity index the OR for in-hospital mortality was 2.1 (95% CI:1.02-4.42;p=0.043) among those older adults with MIN at presentation.ConclusionMIN is frequent in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in older adults and in patients with pre-existing comorbidities and with higher inflammatory levels. Older adults with acute myocardial injury had greater time to clinical recovery, more severe presentation of the disease and higher odds of in-hospital mortality.