bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Machine Learning Analysis of TCGA Expression Data to Finding Signatures for “Normal-Like” IDH-WT Diffuse Gliomas with a Longer Survival
Authors: Nguyen HD , Allaire A , Diamandis P , Bisaillon M , Scott MS , Richer M 
Published: May 2021

Classification of primary CNS tumours is currently achieved by complementing histologic analysis with molecular information, in accordance with the WHO guidelines, and aims at providing accurate prognosis and optimal patient management. cIMPACT-NOW update 3 now recommends grading diffuse IDH-wild type astrocytomas as grade IV glioblastomas if they bear one or more of the following molecular alterations: EGFR amplification, TERT promoter mutation, and whole-chromosome 7 gain combined with chromosome 10 loss. In this reanalysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) glioma expression datasets, we identified 14 IDH-wt infiltrating astrocytic gliomas displaying a “normal-like (NL)” transcriptomic profile associated with a longer survival rate. Some of these tumours would be considered as GBM-equivalents with the current diagnostic algorithm. A k-nearest neighbors model was used to identify 3-gene signatures able to identify NL IDH-WT gliomas. Genes such as C5AR1 (complement receptor) SLC32A1 (vesicular gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter), and SMIM10L2A (long non-coding RNA) were overrepresented in these signatures which were validated further using the Chinese Glioma Genome and Ivy Glioblastoma Atlases. They showed high discriminative power and correlation with survival. This finding could lead to the validation of an immunohistochemical or PCR test which would facilitate classification of IDH-WT astrocytomas with unclear histological grading. Furthermore, associated signaling pathways might represent novel treatment targets for aggressive tumours.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation will enable the learner to:
1.Reconsider recent updates in the WHO classification of infiltrating gliomas.2.Discuss advanced bioinformatics profiling of the brain cancer transcriptome.
Familial juvenile onset Alexander Disease demonstrating germline mosaicism and presenting with a tumor-like mass of the medulla
Authors: Dunham C , Sargent M , Halverson M , Hukin J , Tamber M , Richardson A 
Published: May 2021

Alexander Disease (AD) is a rare and ultimately lethal leukodystrophy, typically presenting in infants who exhibit developmental delay, macrocephaly, seizures, spasticity and quadriparesis. Classic infantile forms are generally due to sporadic mutations in GFAP that result in the massive deposition of intra-astrocytic Rosenthal fibres, particularly in the frontal white matter. However, phenotypic manifestations are broad and include both juvenile and adult forms that often display infratentorial pathology and a paucity of leukodystrophic features. We describe the unique case of an 8.5 year old female who presented with an 8 month history of progressively worsening vomiting and cachexia, whose extensive multidisciplinary systemic workup, including GI biopsies, proved negative. Neuroimaging ultimately revealed bilaterally symmetric and anterior predominant supratentorial signal alterations in the white matter plus a 1.7 x 1.2 x 0.7 mm right dorsal medullary mass. Biopsy of this presumed low-grade glioma revealed features in keeping with AD, which was later confirmed on whole exome sequencing. The proband exhibited a pathogenic p.Arg239Cys heterozygous missense mutation in GFAP, which was apparently inherited from her asymptomatic mother (1% mosaicism in the mother’s blood). Germline mosaic inheritance patterns of young-onset AD, particularly those presenting with a tumor-like mass of the brainstem, are scarcely reported in the literature and serve to expand the clinicopathologic spectrum of AD.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation with enable the learner to:
1.Recognize an uncommon clinical presentation of AD.2.Describe the underlying genetics of AD, including a rare familial juvenile onset form featuring germline mosaicism.
Emotional bias training as a treatment for anxiety and depression: evidence from experimental medicine studies in healthy and medicated samples
Authors: Suddell Steph , Müller-Glodde Maren , Lumsden Jim , Looi Chung Yen , Granger Kiri , Barnett Jennifer H. , Robinson Oliver J. , Munafò Marcus R. , Penton-Voak Ian S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety and depression are leading causes of disability worldwide, yet individuals are often unable to access appropriate treatment. There is a need to develop effective interventions that can be delivered remotely. Previous research has suggested that emotional processing biases are a potential target for intervention, and these may be altered through brief training programs.MethodsWe report two experimental medicine studies of emotional bias training in two samples: individuals from the general population (n = 522) and individuals currently taking antidepressants to treat anxiety or depression (n = 212). Participants, recruited online, completed four sessions of EBT from their own home. Mental health and cognitive functioning outcomes were assessed at baseline, immediately post-training, and at 2-week follow-up.ResultsIn both studies, our intervention successfully trained participants to perceive ambiguous social information more positively. This persisted at a 2-week follow-up. There was no clear evidence that this change in emotional processing transferred to improvements in symptoms in the primary analyses. However, in both studies, there was weak evidence for improved quality of life following EBT amongst individuals with more depressive symptoms at baseline. No clear evidence of transfer effects was observed for self-reported daily stress, anhedonia or depressive symptoms. Exploratory analyses suggested that younger participants reported greater treatment gains.ConclusionsThese studies demonstrate the effectiveness of delivering a multi-session online training program to promote lasting cognitive changes. Given the inconsistent evidence for transfer effects, EBT requires further development before it can be considered as a treatment for anxiety and depression.
Physicians’ Characteristics and Attitudes Towards Medically Assisted Dying for Non-Competent Patients with Dementia
Authors: Bravo Gina , Trottier Lise , Arcand Marcel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe federal and Quebec governments are both considering extending medical aid/assistance in dying (MAID) to non-competent patients who would have requested MAID prior to losing capacity. In 2016–2017, we surveyed 136 Quebec physicians (response rate: 25.5%) on their attitudes towards extending MAID to such patients. Complementing our published findings, we herein identify demographic and practice characteristics that distinguish physicians who reported being open to extending MAID to non-competent patients with dementia, or willing to administer MAID themselves should it be legal, from those who were not. We found that physicians who were older, had stronger religious beliefs, were trained in palliative care, practiced in a teaching hospital, and had not received assisted dying requests in the year preceding the survey held less favourable attitudes towards MAID for non-competent patients with dementia. These findings will inform current deliberations as to whether assistance in dying should be extended to non-competent patients in some circumstances.
Smart platform experiment cycle (SPEC): a process to design, analyze, and validate digital platforms
Authors: Brecht Patrick , Niever Manuel , Kerres Roman , Ströbele Anja , Hahn Carsten H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDigital platform business models are disrupting traditional business processes and reveal a new way of creating value. Current validation processes for business models are designed to assess pipeline business models. They cannot grasp the logic of digital platforms, which increasingly integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI) to ensure success. This study developed a new validation process for early market validation of digital platform business models by following the Design Science Research methodology. The designed process, the Smart Platform Experiment Cycle (SPEC), is created by combining the Four-Step Iterative Cycle of business experiments, the Customer Development Process, and the Build-Measure-Learn feedback loop of the Lean Startup approach and enriching it with the knowledge of digital platforms. It consists of five iterative steps showing the startup how to design their platform business model and corresponding experiments and how to run, measure, analyze, and learn from the outcomes and results. To assess its efficacy, applicability, and validity, SPEC was applied in the German startup GassiAlarm, a service marketplace business model. The application of SPEC revealed shortcomings in the pricing strategy and highlighted to what extent their current business model would be successful. SPEC reduces the risk of building a product or service the market deems redundant and gives insights into its success rate. More applications of the SPEC are needed to validate its robustness further and to extend it to other types of digital platform business models for improved generalization.
Mechanistic aspects of carotenoid health benefits – where are we now?
Authors: Bohn Torsten , Bonet M. Luisa , Borel Patrick , Keijer Jaap , Landrier Jean-Francois , Milisav Irina , Ribot Joan , Riso Patrizia , Winklhofer-Roob Brigitte , Sharoni Yoav , Corte-Real Joana , van Helden Yvonne , Loizzo Monica Rosa , Poljšak Borut , Porrini Marisa , Roob Johannes , Trebše Polonca , Tundis Rosa , Wawrzyniak Agata , Rühl Ralph , Dulińska-Litewka Joanna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDietary intake and tissue levels of carotenoids have been associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, brain-related diseases and some types of cancer. However, intervention trials with isolated carotenoid supplements have mostly failed to confirm the postulated health benefits. It has thereby been speculated that dosing, matrix and synergistic effects, as well as underlying health and the individual nutritional status plus genetic background do play a role. It appears that our knowledge on carotenoid-mediated health benefits may still be incomplete, as the underlying mechanisms of action are poorly understood in relation to human relevance. Antioxidant mechanisms – direct or via transcription factors such as NRF2 and NF-κB – and activation of nuclear hormone receptor pathways such as of RAR, RXR or also PPARs, via carotenoid metabolites, are the basic principles which we try to connect with carotenoid-transmitted health benefits as exemplified with described common diseases including obesity/diabetes and cancer. Depending on the targeted diseases, single or multiple mechanisms of actions may play a role. In this review and position paper, we try to highlight our present knowledge on carotenoid metabolism and mechanisms translatable into health benefits related to several chronic diseases.
Development and psychometric validation of the Dispositional Recovery and Dysfunction Inventory: a tool to assess for positive and negative cognitions following trauma exposure
Authors: Moore Brian A. , Hale Willie J. , Judkins Jason L. , Peterson Alan L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground:Recovery from trauma can be naturally occurring or facilitated through psychotherapy. Few brief measures exist to provide clinicians with dispositional, empirical assessments of patient’s sentiments during psychotherapy.Aims:This manuscript presents the Dispositional Recovery and Dysfunction Inventory (DRDI), a measure created to assist clinicians in evaluating patient’s treatment progress during psychotherapy, as well as evaluate its factor structure, reliability estimates, measurement invariance, and correlates.Method:The DRDI was created based on feedback from experts with experience treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and was structurally validated in two distinct populations. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted in sample 1 consisting of (n=401) university students. Confirmatory factor analysis, measure validity and structure validation were then conducted in sample 2 (n=249) composed of 49% individuals with clinically significant PTSD symptoms.Results:Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the DRDI was best represented by a two-factor correlated traits model representing sentiments related to dispositional recovery and dysfunctional cognitions. The recovery subscale exhibited relationships with convergent measures including authenticity and psychological hardiness (r values of .30 to .60). The dysfunctional beliefs subscale exhibited relationships with convergent measures: PTSD, depression, suicidality and stress (r values of .55 to 80). Measurement invariance across gender and PTSD status was observed.Conclusion:Initial findings indicate that the DRDI has the potential to be a useful tool to assess individuals’ beliefs about their propensity to recover from and thrive through adversity.
BIG MAPPING CLASS GROUPS WITH HYPERBOLIC ACTIONS: CLASSIFICATION AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Horbez Camille , Qing Yulan , Rafi Kasra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe address the question of determining which mapping class groups of infinite-type surfaces admit nonelementary continuous actions on hyperbolic spaces.More precisely, let$\Sigma $be a connected, orientable surface of infinite type with tame endspace whose mapping class group is generated by a coarsely bounded subset. We prove that${\mathrm {Map}}(\Sigma )$admits a continuous nonelementary action on a hyperbolic space if and only if$\Sigma $contains a finite-type subsurface which intersects all its homeomorphic translates.When$\Sigma $contains such a nondisplaceable subsurfaceKof finite type, the hyperbolic space we build is constructed from the curve graphs ofKand its homeomorphic translates via a construction of Bestvina, Bromberg and Fujiwara. Our construction has several applications: first, the second bounded cohomology of${\mathrm {Map}}(\Sigma )$contains an embedded$\ell ^1$; second, using work of Dahmani, Guirardel and Osin, we deduce that${\mathrm {Map}} (\Sigma )$contains nontrivial normal free subgroups (while it does not if$\Sigma $has no nondisplaceable subsurface of finite type), has uncountably many quotients and is SQ-universal.
Self-reported mental health status of donor sperm-conceived adults
Authors: Adams Damian H. , Gerace Adam , Davies Michael J. , de Lacey Sheryl 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile donor-conceived children have similar mental health outcomes compared to spontaneously conceived children, there is an inconsistency between studies investigating mental health outcomes of donor-conceived people in adulthood. This study is an online health survey that was completed by 272 donor sperm-conceived adults and 877 spontaneously conceived adults from around the world. Donor sperm-conceived adults had increased diagnoses of attention deficit disorder (P= 0.004), and autism (P= 0.044) in comparison to those conceived spontaneously. Donor sperm-conceived adults self-reported increased incidences of seeing a mental health professional (P< 0.001), identity formation problems (P< 0.001), learning difficulties (P< 0.001), panic attacks (P= 0.038), recurrent nightmares (spermP= 0.038), and alcohol/drug dependency (P= 0.037). DASS-21 analysis revealed that donor sperm-conceived adults were also more stressed than those conceived spontaneously (P= 0.013). Both donor sperm and spontaneously conceived cohorts were matched for sex, age, height, alcohol consumption, smoking, exercise, own fertility, and maternal smoking. The increase in adverse mental health outcomes is consistent with some studies of donor-conceived adult mental health outcomes. These results are also consistent with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) phenomenon that has linked adverse perinatal outcomes, which have been observed in donor-conceived neonates, to increased risk of chronic disease, including mental health. Further work is required to reconcile our observations in adults to contrary observations reported in donor-conceived children.
Characteristics and Source Apportionment of the Vertical Distribution of Ozone at a Site of the Pearl River Delta Region of China
Authors: Wang Xinqi , Xiang Yan , Liu Wentao , Yun Long , Lv Lihui , Zhang Mingdi , Xu Junzheng , Fan Guangqiang , Ou Jinping , Wang Qiubu , Duan Danyang , Zhang Tianshu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOzone pollution adversely affects human health. In recent years, ozone pollution has become an important research topic and a challenge. By combining differential absorption lidar (DIAL), meteorological gradient tower data, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and the backward trajectories model, changes in vertical ozone concentration, the influencing factors on ozone vertical distribution, and ozone sources were analyzed in Shenzhen from September 20 to 30, 2019. Results indicated that from September 25 to 30, there was obvious residual ozone and transport at night. The analysis of ozone concentration and meteorological factors shows that the temperatures of 291.3–301.8 K and the humidity of 19.4%–71.6% were conducive to ozone formation. As height increased from less than 0.1–0.3 km, the average ozone concentration increased, and the average NO2 concentration decreased. The analysis of potential ozone sources showed that ozone was mainly transported from the northeast of China and that the highest concentration of ozone mainly comes from southeast of Jiangxi province in southeastern China.
How Much Heat and Salt Are Transported Into the South China Sea by Mesoscale Eddies?
Authors: Yang Yikai , Zeng Lili , Wang Qiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEddy‐induced transport through the Luzon Strait critically affects the physical and biological properties of the South China Sea (SCS). The eddy‐induced volume, heat and salt transport are comprehensively evaluated based on the South China Sea Physical Oceanic Dataset (SCSPOD) observations. To avoid the bias involved in extreme eddy events, 76 shedding anticyclonic eddies, 46 shedding cyclonic eddies, 29 locally formed anticyclonic eddies and 40 locally formed cyclonic eddies from 1993 to 2018 are taken into account and merged into composites. The total annual intrusions of volume, heat and salt contributed by all four types of eddies are 0.77 Sv, 8.78 × 10−4 PW and 7.88 × 104 kg·s−1, respectively. The statistical analysis shows that annual eddy‐induced intrusion accounts for 11.3%–38.9% of the upper‐layer Luzon Strait transport, which highlights the non‐negligible role of eddies in water exchange through the Luzon Strait.
Predicting Geothermal Heat Flow in Antarctica With a Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Lösing M. , Ebbing J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present a machine learning approach to statistically derive geothermal heat flow (GHF) for Antarctica. The adopted approach estimates GHF from multiple geophysical and geological data sets, assuming that GHF is substantially related to the geodynamic setting of the plates. We apply a Gradient Boosted Regression Tree algorithm to find an optimal prediction model relating GHF to the observables. The geophysical and geological features are primarily global data sets, which are often unreliable in polar regions due to limited data coverage. Quality and reliability of the data sets are reviewed and discussed in line with the estimated GHF model. Predictions for Australia, where an extensive database of GHF measurements exists, demonstrate the validity of the approach. In Antarctica, only a sparse number of direct GHF measurements are available. Therefore, we explore the use of regional data sets of Antarctica and its tectonic Gondwana neighbors to refine the predictions. With this, we demonstrate the need for adding reliable data to the machine learning approach. Finally, we present a new geothermal heat flow map, which exhibits intermediate values compared to previous models, ranging from 35 to 156 mW/m2, and visible connections to the conjugate margins in Australia, Africa, and India.
Regional Trends in Southern Ocean Eddy Kinetic Energy
Authors: Zhang Yang , Chambers Don , Liang Xinfeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrevious model‐based studies and observation‐based studies suggest that increasing wind energy input into the Southern Ocean will primarily cause increases in eddy kinetic energy (EKE) with no significant change in the mean circulation, a result that has been named the “eddy‐saturation” hypothesis. However, due to the sparsity of the available observations, quantifying and understanding regional EKE changes in the Southern Ocean is challenging. In this study, we examine regional trends in the Southern Ocean EKE using altimetry crossover measurements and an ocean reanalysis product to quantify if undersampling by altimetry will bias EKE trend estimates and to test if previously observed EKE trends are homogenous throughout the Southern Ocean or concentrated in a few regions. To verify that the EKE computed from altimetry crossovers accurately represents yearly averaged EKE over the Southern Ocean, we first conduct a sampling experiment with the HYCOM Global Ocean Forecasting System 3.1 ocean reanalysis. We find that the crossover sampling is sufficient to represent the yearly averaged EKE when averaged over sectors of at least 30° of longitude. We find no coherent increase in EKE over the entire Southern Ocean from altimetry crossover measurements, but instead find significant EKE increase over only one region, primarily south of New Zealand and downstream of the Campbell Plateau. We conclude that the EKE change in the Southern Ocean is not as homogenous as implied by previous studies and more work is needed to understand if this is consistent with the “eddy‐saturation” hypothesis or related more to local dynamics.
Economic Shock in a Climate Scenario and Its Impact on Surface Temperatures
Authors: Ran Qi , Lee Shao‐Yi , Moore John C. , Min Chao , Dong Wenjie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA socio‐economic crisis was added to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario. This idealized climate scenario was simulated using the Community Earth System Model version 1.2.2 to determine the transient climate response to a two‐year reduction of anthropogenic emissions. Global and regional (Asian, North American and European) mean surface temperatures (MSTs) were significantly warmer than baseline for 5 years. This was followed by cooler‐than‐baseline MSTs lasting for about two decades until the end of the simulation. Emission reduction of only carbon dioxide (CO2) resulted in multi‐decadal cooler‐than‐baseline MSTs. Emission reduction of aerosols and aerosol precursors resulted in strong short‐term warmer‐than‐baseline MSTs for the first five years after the start of the crisis. This was followed by weaker multi‐decadal warmer‐than‐baseline MSTs. The greatest warming occurred over Europe. This could be explained by the inter‐scenario differences in the state of the North Atlantic Oscillation. However, global, Asian and North American MSTs were all warmer than baseline.