bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tsunami risk management for crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources in Italy
Authors: Selva J. , Amato A. , Armigliato A. , Basili R. , Bernardi F. , Brizuela B. , Cerminara M. , de’ Micheli Vitturi M. , Di Bucci D. , Di Manna P. , Esposti Ongaro T. , Lacanna G. , Lorito S. , Løvholt F. , Mangione D. , Panunzi E. , Piatanesi A. , Ricciardi A. , Ripepe M. , Romano F. , Santini M. , Scalzo A. , Tonini R. , Volpe M. , Zaniboni F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDestructive tsunamis are most often generated by large earthquakes occurring at subduction interfaces, but also other “atypical” sources—defined as crustal earthquakes and non-seismic sources altogether—may cause significant tsunami threats. Tsunamis may indeed be generated by different sources, such as earthquakes, submarine or coastal landslides, volcano-related phenomena, and atmospheric perturbations. The consideration of atypical sources is important worldwide, but it is especially prominent in complex tectonic settings such as the Mediterranean, the Caribbean, or the Indonesian archipelago. The recent disasters in Indonesia in 2018, caused by the Palu-Sulawesi magnitude Mw 7.5 crustal earthquake and by the collapse of the Anak-Krakatau volcano, recall the importance of such sources. Dealing with atypical sources represents a scientific, technical, and computational challenge, which depends on the capability of quantifying and managing uncertainty efficiently and of reducing it with accurate physical modelling. Here, we first introduce the general framework in which tsunami threats are treated, and then we review the current status and the expected future development of tsunami hazard quantifications and of the tsunami warning systems in Italy, with a specific focus on the treatment of atypical sources. In Italy, where the memory of historical atypical events like the 1908 Messina earthquake or the relatively recent 2002 Stromboli tsunami is still vivid, specific attention has been indeed dedicated to the progressive development of innovative strategies to deal with such atypical sources. More specifically, we review the (national) hazard analyses and their application for coastal planning, as well as the two operating tsunami warning systems: the national warning system for seismically generated tsunamis (SiAM), whose upstream component—the CAT-INGV—is also a Tsunami Service Provider of the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas Tsunami Warning System (NEAMTWS) coordinated by the Intergovernmental Coordination Group established by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, and the local warning system for tsunamis generated by volcanic slides along the Sciara del Fuoco of Stromboli volcano. Finally, we review the state of knowledge about other potential tsunami sources that may generate significant tsunamis for the Italian coasts, but that are not presently considered in existing tsunami warning systems. This may be considered the first step towards their inclusion in the national tsunami hazard and warning programs.
Young’s Social Connection Model and Corporate Responsibility
Authors: Phillips Robert , Schrempf-Stirling Judith 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent structural innovations in global commerce present difficult challenges for legacy understandings of responsibility. The rise of outsourcing, sub-contracting, and mobile app-based platforms have dramatically restructured relationships between and among economic actors. Though not entirely new, the remarkable rise in the prevalence of these “not-quite-arm’s-length” relationships present difficulties for conceptions of responsibility based on interrogating the past for specifiable actions by blameworthy actors. Iris Marion Young invites investigation of a “social connection model of responsibility” (SCMR) that is, in many ways, better suited to this new commercial reality. Scholars working to understand corporate responsibility have invoked Young’s model to some good effect, though often superficially and uncritically. In this paper, we look closely at Young’s social connection model and its potential for helping us understand corporate responsibility in a radically networked world.
Morality and Tribalism
Authors: Corradetti Claudio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis contribution has two main goals which might be labelled for convenience as apars construensandpars denstruensreversing the usual order of these terms. The first aim is to offer an overview of the main tenets of the book, while the second aim is to raise some critical concerns while remaining sympathetic to the author’s overall project. With regard to the first point, I present the context of intellectual debate where Buchanan’s contribution fits comfortably: Darwin’s evolutionary theory, anthropology, psychology, moral analysis etc. The target here is to show the internal complexity and different layers of analysis of the book. These initial reconstructions are, next, used to formulate some thoughts on what I consider possible problematic points in need of clarification. In particular, first, I hold that Buchanan presents too narrow oppositional views between intergroup relations whereupon the notion of “tribalism” is constructed. Such strong identitarian conception does not seem to depict adequately the sociological dynamics of intergroup relations. Second, I consider the terms in which it can be addressed the notion of the rise of the moral mind in evolutionary terms. The suggestion is to consider in a milder form the author’s key concept of a “Great Uncoupling” for the moral reason.
Sustainability over sets and the business cycle
Authors: Hao Lixiao , Manousiouthakis Vasilios I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany rigorous works have examined the behavior of Kaldor business cycle models. In this paper, utilizing the sustainability over sets (SOS) concept, a general theorem is proven establishing necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and identification of rectangular sustainable sets for a general Kaldor model. These conditions can be readily verified, either in the two-dimensional space of lower and upper bounds on income, or in the one-dimensional space of upper bound on income, thus enabling identification of the region of economic sustainability for the considered Kaldor model. The Theorem’s power is illustrated with a case study of a particular Kaldor business cycle model from the literature that can exhibit rich dynamic behavior, and can give rise to economic sustainability regions that encompass multiple stable equilibrium points. Furthermore, a methodology is also presented that identifies non-rectangular sustainable sets, when the imposition of tight lower and upper bounds on one of the economic system variables (e.g., income) prevents the existence of a sustainable rectangular set.
Surgical outcomes of combined modified Blumgart pancreaticojejunostomy and long internal pancreatic duct stent for pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Wongta Kitti , Tangsirapat Vorapatu 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most serious complication in patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The Blumgart anastomosis and its modifications are the favorable techniques of pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis (PJ) performed worldwide. This report proposed the surgical outcomes of combined the new technique of modified Blumgart anastomosis with the long internal pancreatic duct stent for the (PJ).

Study design:
We evaluated the surgical outcomes of a consecutive series of the patients at Panyananthaphikkhu Chonprathan Medical Center who underwent PD from June 2017 to June 2020. PJ was conducted in all cases using the transpancreatic mattress suture modified from the original Blumgart's technique and the long pancreatic duct stent was placed across the anastomosis. The primary endpoints were clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) and 30-day mortality rate. The secondary endpoints were the early postoperative complications.

Results:
Twelve patients underwent PD using the proposed technique. Overall mortality was 8.3%. The rate of CR-POPF was 33.3%, two patients had a prolonged period of the intraabdominal drain, and one patient underwent the percutaneous drainage of the intraabdominal collection. The only patient with Grade C-POPF died after re-exploration due to severe septicemia. The median postoperative length of stay (LOS) was 12 days.

Conclusions:
The combination of the new technique of modified Blumgart PJ with the long internal pancreatic duct stent is an alternative technique that may prevent the pancreatic fistula. The CR-POPF rate and the overall survival are comparable to prior literature. However, further study is needed to clarify the definite outcomes.

Highlights
Dynamics of hyperbolic correspondences
Authors: SIQUEIRA CARLOS 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper establishes the geometric rigidity of certain holomorphic correspondences in the family
$(w-c)^q=z^p$
, whose post-critical set is finite in any bounded domain of
$\mathbb {C}$
. In spite of being rigid on the sphere, such correspondences are J-stable by means of holomorphic motions when viewed as maps of
$\mathbb {C}^2$
. The key idea is the association of a conformal iterated function system to the return branches near the critical point, giving a global description of the post-critical set and proving the hyperbolicity of these correspondences.
Recent Approaches on Classification and Feature Extraction of EEG Signal: A Review
Authors: Pooja  , Pahuja SK , Veer Karan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:Electroencephalography (EEG) has an influential role in neuroscience and commercial applications. Most of the tools available for EEG signal analysis use machine learning to extract the required information. So, the study of robust techniques for feature extraction and classification is an important thing to understand the practical use of EEG. The paper aims that if there is any special tool for a particular task. Which feature domain or classifier has a significant role in EEG signal analysis?Approach:It presents a detailed report of the current trend for bio-electrical signals classification focusing on various classifiers’ advantages and disadvantages. This study includes literature from 2000 to 2021 with a brief description of EEG signal origin and advancement in classification techniques.Results:Randomly used classifiers for EEG signal can be categorized into five classes, namely Linear Classifiers, Nearest Neighbor Classifiers, Nonlinear Bayesian Classifiers, Neural Networks, and Combinations of Classifiers. Approximately 40% of studies use Support Vector Machine, Nearest Neighbor, and their combination with others. For specific tasks, particular classifiers are recommended in the survey. Features can be defined into four categories, namely TDFs, FDFs, TFDFs, and statistical features, where 39% of studies used TFDFs. Multi-domains features are preferred when the required information cannot be obtained from one domain.Significance:The paper summarizes the recent approaches for feature extraction and classification of EEG signals. It describes the brain waves with their classification, related behavior, and task with the physiological correlation. The comparative analysis of different classifiers, toolbox, the channel used, accuracy, and the number of subjects from various studies can help the practitioners choose a suitable classifier. Furthermore, future directions can cope up with the relevant problems and can lead to accurate classification.
Development of nonmotorized mechanisms for lower limb rehabilitation
Authors: Gonçalves Rogério S. , Rodrigues Lucas A. O. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper concerns with the development of three nonmotorized individual lower limb joints rehabilitation mechanisms based on a four-bar linkage, and mechanical movement transmission from the motion of the patient’s upper limb. Initially, mathematical and computational models are built based on the desired angular motions for the hip, knee, and ankle. A prototype for the knee mechanism was constructed for initial experimental tests. The first test with wooden mannequin show that this prototype is lightweight, has an output movement compatible with the amplitudes, is easy to build and operate, being thus ready for clinical tests with healthy and impaired subjects.
DATING THROUGH THE FILTERS
Authors: Nader Karim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this essay, I explore ethical considerations that might arise from the use of collaborative filtering algorithms on dating apps. Collaborative filtering algorithms can predict the preferences of a target user by looking at the past behavior of similar users. By recommending products through this process, they can influence the news we read, the movies we watch, and more. They are extremely powerful and effective on platforms like Amazon and Google. Recommender systems on dating apps are likely to group people by race, since they exhibit similar patterns of behavior: users on dating platforms seem to segregate themselves based on race, exclude certain races from romantic and sexual consideration (except their own), and generally show a preference for white men and women. As collaborative filtering algorithms learn from these patterns to predict preferences and build recommendations, they can homogenize the behavior of dating app users and exacerbate biased sexual and romantic behavior.
Radio navigation systems: definitions and classifications
Authors: Specht Cezary 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRadio navigation systems (RNSs) are commonly applied in air, land and marine navigation. They are most often used for position determination. However, when comparing the definitions of this concept provided by global organisations, such as the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), International Maritime Organization (IMO) or International Telecommunication Union (ITU), it should be noted that the definitions presented differ significantly. Due to the ambiguity and numerous contradictions, the RNS classification varies depending on the definition of the term ‘radio navigation’ adopted, which poses serious interpretation problems. This article analyses the concept of radio navigation based on the most important global documents and legal acts on this issue. It points to fundamental differences in the understanding of the term and proposes the adoption of a new, uniform definition for air, land and marine navigation. Based on this definition, the current paper proposes a uniform RNS classification. The proposed definition of the concept of radio navigation and the resulting RNS classification are essential for the understanding of this term to achieve global uniformity and fundamental to the harmonious development of the scientific discipline of navigation. The current proposal should initiate a discussion on the meaning of the concept of radio navigation and the RNS classification.
An Investigation Into Biases in Instantaneous Aerosol Radiative Effects Calculated by Shortwave Parameterizations in Two Earth System Models
Authors: Freidenreich S. , Paynter D. , Lin P. , Ramaswamy V. , Jones A. L. , Feldman D. , Collins W. D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBecause the forcings to which Coupled Model Intercomparison Project ‐ Phase 5 (CMIP5) models were subjected were poorly quantified, recent efforts from the Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP) have focused on developing and testing models with exacting benchmarks. Here, we focus on aerosol forcing to understand if for a given distribution of aerosols, participating models are producing a radiometrically‐accurate forcing. We apply the RFMIP experimental protocol for assessing flux biases in aerosol instantaneous radiative effect (IRE) on two participating models, GFDL AM4 and CESM 1.2.2. The latter model contains the RRTMG radiation code which is widely used among CMIP6 GCM's. We conduct a series of calculations that test different potential sources of error in these models relative to line‐by‐line benchmarks. We find two primary sources of error: two‐stream solution methods and the techniques to resolve spectral dependencies of absorption and scattering across the solar spectrum. The former is the dominant source of error for both models but the latter is more significant as a contributing factor for CESM 1.2.2. Either source of error can be addressed in future model development, and these results both demonstrate how the RFMIP protocol can help determine the origins of parameterized errors relative to their equivalent benchmark calculations for participating models, as well as highlight a viable path towards a more rigorous quantification and control of forcings for future CMIP exercises.
Oceanic Pathways of an Active Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulation (PMOC)
Authors: Thomas M. D. , Fedorov A. V. , Burls N. J. , Liu W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn contrast to the modern‐day climate, North Pacific deep water formation and a Pacific meridional overturning circulation (PMOC) may have been active during past climate conditions, in particular during the Pliocene epoch (some 3–5 million years ago). Here, we use a climate model simulation with a robust PMOC cell to investigate the pathways of the North Pacific deep water from subduction to upwelling, as revealed by Lagrangian particle trajectories. We find that similar to the present‐day Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), most subducted North Pacific deep water upwells in the Southern Ocean. However, roughly 15% upwells in the tropical Indo‐Pacific Oceans instead—a key feature distinguishing the PMOC from the AMOC. The connection to the Indian Ocean is relatively fast, at about 250 years. The connection to the tropical Pacific is slower (∼800 years) as water first travels to the subtropical South Pacific then gradually upwells through the thermocline.
Characterizing Uncertainties in Ground “Truth” of Precipitation Over Complex Terrain Through High‐Resolution Numerical Modeling
Authors: Ouyang Lin , Lu Hui , Yang Kun , Leung L. Ruby , Wang Yan , Zhao Long , Zhou Xu , Lazhu  , Chen Yingying , Jiang Yaozhi , Yao Xiangnan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGround observation of precipitation over complex terrain is subject to large uncertainties due to inadequate sampling. This study explores a method that combines limited gauge data and a high‐resolution numerical simulation to quantify the precipitation uncertainties in central Himalaya. Specifically, the Coefficient of spatial Variability (CV) of precipitation and the minimum Number of Required Stations (NRS) to obtain areal‐mean precipitation ground truth values within a 0.25° area are investigated using fine‐scale meteorological simulation at 1.5 km grid spacing. Evaluation over a densely‐gauged area demonstrates comparable CV and NRS values between station observations and simulations. The simulated CV and NRS values in a larger area show a strong and positive dependence on each other and an expected positive (negative) correlation with topographic complexity (temporal scale). The proposed method sheds lights on evaluating precipitation products and holds promise for informing the layout of rain gauge networks in complex terrain.
A Regime‐State Framework for Morphodynamic Modeling of Seabed Roughness
Authors: DuVal Carter B. , Trembanis Arthur C. , Miller Douglas C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSeabed roughness in the dynamic near‐shore environment is continuously modified by the interplay of physical and biological processes including bedform morphodynamics and bioturbation. We introduce a novel regime‐state framework to determine the dominant modifier of seabed roughness based on observed or estimated physical forcing, which are classified by critical Shields parameter or wave mobility thresholds. The regime‐state framework is applied to a set of field observations containing time‐lapse sonar imagery of ripple growth, decay, and bioturbation. The rate of ripple decay varies in both physical and biological processes. The decay rate is sensitive to oscillatory forcing magnitude and direction relative to relict ripple orientation and time‐evolving ripple height. We found two distinct episodes of ripples decayed by 20%–30% within 4–5 days. Ripple decay models and observations did not agree in rate of decay up to and following the same time period. By varying decay rate using a time‐dependent diffusion coefficient determined by the dominant decay mechanism, the regime‐state framework resulted in better agreement to field observations. Benthic megafauna are also shown to create seabed roughness, excavating dense fields (>1 pit/m2) of pits (≤84 cm in diameter) that introduce acoustic roughness comparable to 8–12 cm high ripples. The spatiotemporal variability of megafaunal pit formation suggests diffusion‐based bioturbation models are not adequate and megafaunal pits require additional parameterization to mechanistically model. The regime‐state framework presented in this study serves as a framework for future investigations and modeling of ripple morphodynamics, bioturbation, and roughness.
Morphology, Morphometry and Distribution of Isolated Landforms in Southern Chryse Planitia, Mars
Authors: McNeil Joseph D. , Fawdon Peter , Balme Matthew R. , Coe Angela L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe margin of Chryse Planitia, Mars, contains >105kilometer‐scale mesas, buttes, and plateaus (“mounds”), many of which are found in and around Oxia Planum, the ExoMars 2022 Rover landing site. Despite this, their origins and evolution are unknown. We have analyzed the morphologies and morphometries of 14,386 individual mounds to: (1) classify them based on their geomorphology; (2) constrain when they formed based on their stratigraphic and spatial relationships; and (3) develop hypotheses for their geological history. The mounds are classified as compound mounds, mesas, clustered mounds, and hills. Mound heights show that their elevations above the plains tend to a maximum height of 500 m. We interpret this as the thickness of a previously continuous layer that extended several hundred kilometers from the southern highlands into Chryse Planitia. Stratigraphy constrains the deposition of this layer to the Early‐Middle Noachian, correlatable to the phyllosilicate‐bearing strata of Mawrth Vallis, with similar layering also observable in some mounds, suggesting a genetic relationship. The mounds sometimes occur in circular arrangements, interpreted as an association with buried impact structures. We propose that the mounds formed through differential erosion after the premound layer was indurated by mineralization from groundwater in areas superposing underlying crustal weaknesses, for example, at buried crater margins. The subsequent differential erosion of this layer preferentially removed areas unaffected by this induration in the Late Noachian‐Early Hesperian leaving the mound population seen at present. These features present accessible three‐dimensional exposures of ancient layered rocks, and so are exciting targets for future study.