bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The oldest gold mining law in Silesia
Authors: Szymański Jarosław 
Published: June 2021

In Silesia, the beginnings of gold mining date back to the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries. The first attempt to legally regulate gold mining was the short mining act found in the municipal book of Lwówek Śląski, dated to the first half of the 13th century. In 1342 Dukes of Legnica, Wenceslaus I and Louis I, issued such a law for Złotoryja. These legal acts, particularly the one of Złotoryja, are the most important regulations regarding the medieval gold mining in Silesia. They relied on the local traditions and experiences; therefore, they feature no borrowings from the Czech or Saxon mining legislation. This can be explained with the “ancient” tradition of gold mining in the area of Złotoryja and Legnica, which allowed for development and establishment of native legal solutions. By ordering to write down such local rules, the dukes confirmed the individual mining traditions of their duchies, which was favourable from their perspective because the tradition pointed to exclusive right of the duke, without accounting for mining local governing bodies. This article presents the oldest legislation regulating gold mining in Silesia. It provides the Polish translation of the laws of Lwówek and Złotoryja, and discusses major rules in comparison to analogical legislation functioning in Bohemia.
Shadow economy and attempts to combat it — split payment as a remedy for previous legal regulations
Authors: Madurski Szymon 
Published: June 2021

The main goal of this article is to present the methods of effectively combating the grey area (called the shadow economy by the author) against the background of the changes introduced by the legislator in the form of split payment, as an institution that is to replace the not necessarily successful previous regulations related to reverse payment and joint and several liability. The first part — dealing with the grey economy — presents the basic facts on this topic. Attempts will be made to define this phenomenon, analyze its structure and the factors determining the formation of the shadow economy. This will be crowned with a multidimensional assessment, both in terms of micro and macroeconomics. The second part of the work will present split payment, which is to be a revolution in closing the tax gap. The tools that the split payment mechanism has “absorbed” due to their inefficiency will also be briefly discussed. Additionally, the article will present the history of this tool — both in the international arena and in Poland, where the optional form of split payment was initially in force, and currently, under certain conditions, it is also mandatory. The compulsory use of this tool is the subject of numerous discussions as it negatively affects the financial liquidity of entrepreneurs, which will also be analyzed and assessed. Taxpayers’ demands regarding changes in the split payment mechanism, especially in times of the COVID-19 pandemic, will also be presented. The dogmatic-legal and legal-comparative methods, as well as the opinions of the entrepreneurs themselves, will be used to achieve this research goal.
Informática y democracia directa: ¿dirigida por quién?
Authors: Losano Mario G. 
Published: June 2021

Los recientes “movimientos” políticos se presentan como una alternativa a los partidos tradicionales y proponen la democracia directa como alternativa a la de­mocracia representativa. Incluso en Italia el “Movimento 5 Stelle” ha seguido este camino obteniendo un notable éxito electoral. Un constitucionalista italiano, Francesco Pallante, analiza críticamente esta concepción actual de la democracia directa en su volumen Contro la democrazia diretta (2020), examinado dentro del artículo. En particular, la informática es presentada hoy como la herramienta de la democracia directa y, en Italia, el “Movimento 5 Stelle” encomienda los con­tactos con sus miembros a la “Plataforma Rousseau”. El artículo expresa dudas sobre esta plataforma, dudas ya presentes dentro del Movimiento: por un lado, la plataforma depende de una empresa privada separada del Movimiento; por otro lado, la Plataforma Rousseau ya ha sido sancionada dos veces por el Garante de la Privacidad porque no garantiza suficientemente la intimidad de los miembros y el secreto del voto. Este artículo ha sido presentado el 31 de agosto de 2020 a la revista “Diritto dell’informazione e dell’informatica”, y fue rechazado como “po­lítico”. Un caso de auténtica censura. Al artículo de 31 de agosto de 2020 (traducido aquí sin modificación alguna) se agrega una “actualización” sobre el creciente número de eventos que limitan la libertad de prensa y de expresión en Italia. Se trata de un clima represivo que está consolidándose a nivel mundial.
Estimasi dosis serap sel kanker nasofaring dan lidah dari perlakukan radioterapi konvensional cobalt-60 berbasis MCNPX
Authors: Haryadi Aris , Han Wihantoro 
Published: June 2021

Modifikasi radioterapi diperlukan untuk memaksimalkan dosis serap sel kanker dan meminimalkan dosis terimaan organ sekitarnya. Pada perlakuan kanker nasofaring, target penyinaran PTV dilakukan dengan menggeser posisi obyek 3 cm ke depan dan 2 cm ke atas dari pusat GTV. Penelitian ini menitikberaktan pada penentuan dosis serap radiasi kanker nasofaring dan lidah, dengan teknik penyinaran latero-lateral (sudut 90˚dan 270˚) dan supraclave (sudut 0˚). Berbasis pemrograman MCNPX, berkas sinar gamma dimodelkan berdasar spesifikasi head unit GammaBeam100-80, SSD 80 cm, medan radiasi untuk supraclave (12 x 12) cm2 dan (17 x 9) cm2 untuk latero-lateral. Hasil menarik yang masih perlu dikaji lanjut adalah, dari total 2,0 Gy per fraksi penyinaran yang ditembakkan, dosis serap gabungan untuk penyinaran latero-lateral dan supraclave dari GTV dan PTV, masing-masing adalah 2,99 Gy dan 2,89 Gy. Sedang dosis terimaan pada lidah dari GTV dan PTV masing-masing adalah 0,16 Gy dan 0,13 Gy yang tergolong aman di bawah batas ambang dosis yang diperbolehkan.
Wire Extrusion After Flexor Tendon Repair with a Multifilament Stainless Steel Cable-Crimp Suture System
Authors: Tawfik Amr M. , Katt Brian M. , Beredjiklian Pedro K. , Nakashian Michael 
Published: June 2021

Case:
We report the case of a 22-year-old man with a ruptured flexor tendon repair associated with wound drainage. The patient subsequently underwent flexor tendon revision with a multifilament stainless steel cable-crimp suture system. Two years after the revision repair, a blister ruptured over the patient's operative site, exposing the stainless steel wire from the revision repair. The wire was removed, and the patient regained full flexion.

Conclusions:
As extrusion of metallic suture material from the skin represents a complication, surgeons should be prepared to recognize this rare complication and to preoperatively counsel patients as to this risk.
Pelatihan SPSS pada Guru-Guru di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 173529 Tampahan
Authors: Simanjuntak Sinta Dameria , Usman Ari 
Published: June 2021

The teachers at SD 173529 are teachers with the status of Civil Servants (PNS). Teachers with the status of civil servants must write scientific papers when going up to a position or class. The problem is writing scientific papers and data processing. The solution offered to overcome this problem is SPSS training include processing research data and how to read the SPSS output to be narrated in the research results. The method used consisted of group discussions, deliberations, in-house training and workshops. The results from this activity are the teacher gives a positive response to the training activities include 100% of teachers liked the training material, the modules used, the way of learning, the way the instructor taught. The other results are the teachers stated that the training material is new (71.42%), the modules used are new (85.71%), the learning method implemented is new (85.71%), the method of teaching is a new way of teaching (85,71%), the teacher expressed interest in using SPSS in processing research data and in training activities (100%).
A Fuzzy Delphi Based Inference System for Detecting and Controlling Rice Weeds
Authors: Nafchi Najmeh Fatahi , Asemi Adeleh , Tahaei Hamid 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this research, the purpose was to design a fuzzy expert system based on fuzzy delphi method to detect and control the rice weed. The statistical population was elites and experts with regard to the science, experience and field of activity; 15 experts were selected as the sample. Two questionnaires were used to design the desired fuzzy expert: i) Fuzzy Delphi Technique Weed Detection Questionnaire, ii) Delphi Technique Weed Control Questionnaire. The design of the desired expert system was done with MATLAB software and the fuzzy logic tool box. That is, after obtaining an appropriate range of factors, through attributing the fuzzy trapezoidal membership functions to these ranges and generating the input functions, designing the rule base of this system and combining the output results of each factor, a system was designed whose input was the weed factor and the output was scores assigned to weeds. MATLAB guide was also used to design the graphical user interface. Then, for validation the designed system was tested. The answers of system and individual expert were then analyzed using paired t-test. Root Mean Square Error and Middle Absolute Value Deviation tests were used to calculate the system errors. The results were 0.12 and 0.01, respectively. This indicates that the designed fuzzy expert system has sufficient accuracy. Finally, given that all but two of the examined rules are the same as the diagnosis of an individual expert, then in 94% of the cases, the diagnosis of the system is the same as the diagnosis of an individual expert.
Preservation of the ovarian reserve and hemostasis during laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy by a hemostatic agent versus suturing for patients with ovarian endometriosis: study protocol for randomized controlled, non-inferiority trial (PRAHA-2 trial)
Authors: Lim Hyunji , Park Soo Jin , Paik Haerin , Mun Jaehee , Lee Eun Ji , Lee Seungmee , Lim Whasun , Song Gwonhwa , Shim Seung-Hyuk , Lee Chae Heyong , Yim Ga Won , Kim Hee Seung 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Endometriosis (EMS) can be implanted everywhere, especially in pelvic organs. EMS can be asymptomatic, but it can result in pelvic pain and infertility by inducing local inflammation and pelvic adhesion. The prevalence of EMS is about 10% in reproductive-age women and higher in women with pelvic pain or infertility. For young patients with ovarian EMS, laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is effective in relieving pelvic pain and preventing local recurrence. However, there is a concern that the ovarian reserve would decrease after the operation because of removal of a part of the normal ovarian tissue and thermal damage during hemostasis, which depends on types of hemostasis such as bipolar electrocoagulation, suturing, and the use of a hemostatic agent. In this study, we aim to evaluate the protective effect for the ovarian reserve and hemostasis between a hemostatic agent and suturing during laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy for patients with ovarian EMS.Methods: This study is a randomized controlled, non-inferiority trial, where a total of 90 patients with ovarian EMS will be randomly assigned to the experimental (hemostatic agent) and control (suturing) groups. In the control group, a barbed suture will be applied for hemostasis, whereas a hemostatic agent will be applied in the experimental group. If two methods are insufficient, bipolar electrocoagulation will be applied for complete hemostasis. As the primary endpoint, the reduction rate of serum anti- Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels reflecting the ovarian reserve will be compared between the two groups 12 weeks after surgery. As secondary endpoints, we will compare the reduction rate of AMH level 48 weeks after surgery, the time required to complete hemostasis, the success rate of hemostasis within 10 minutes, and adverse events associated with operation. Discussion: We expect that the protective effect for the ovarian reserve and hemostasis may be comparable between the two methods, suggesting that a hemostatic agent may be preferred considering that it is easy to use during laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04643106. Registered on 22 November 2020.
Effect of pectin extraction method on properties of cellulose nanofibers isolated from sugar beet pulp
Authors: Hassan Mohammad L , Berglund Linn , Elseoud Wafaa S , Hassan Enas A , Oksman Kristiina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effect of pectin extraction method on the properties of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) isolated from sugar beet pulp (SBP) was studied. Pectin was extracted by the industrially practiced method by sulfuric acid hydrolysis or by enzymatic hydrolysis using a cellulase/xylanase enzymes mixture. The CNFs were then isolated by high-pressure homogenization and investigated in terms of their chemical composition, crystallinity, size, degree of polymerization, and re-dispersion in water after freeze-drying. The mechanical properties and surface characteristics of CNFs films were also studied. The results showed that fibrillation of the de-pectinated SBP was more efficient for the acid hydrolyzed SBP. CNFs from the acid-hydrolyzed SBP had a slightly wider diameter, higher crystallinity, viscosity, and α-cellulose content but a lower degree of polymerization than CNFs from the enzyme-hydrolyzed SBP. Owing to the presence of more residual hemicelluloses in the CNFs from the enzyme-hydrolyzed SBP, the CNFs had higher re-dispersion ability in water. CNFs films from enzyme-hydrolyzed SBP displayed slightly better mechanical properties and higher water contact angles than acid-hydrolyzed CNF films.
GIS-Based Study To Develop Landslide Susceptibility Zonation Map Of District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Verma Sachin , Khanduri Vidya Sagar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rising Incidents of landslide at district Mandi is issue of concern in Himachal Pradesh. Every year many people losses their life and property in these landslide event. This study is conducted with aim to preparation of landslide susceptibility zonation map of district Mandi using method of frequency ratio. Causative factor of landslide involved in preparation of Landslide susceptibility zonation map is Lithology, Slope, Drainage density, Aspect and Land use land cover. Slope, Drainage density, Aspect map are extracted through digital elevation model. Source of Digital elevation model used here is based on SRTM data whereas lithology map is based on data of geological survey of India. Land use land cover map is extracted by images of Landsat 8 satellite. Total of 52 existing landslides are used to model final map. LSZ map show 40.42% area is falling under medium susceptibility class, 34.5 % under low and 25.07% is under high susceptibility class which cover tehsils Mandi, Chachyot, Thunag and some part of Padhar, Aut and Bali Chowki. Further to validate these result areas under curve (AUC) method is use which give prediction rate of 76.06%.
Silica Supported Acids (SiO2-HClO4, SiO2-KHSO4) as Eco-friendly Reusable Catalysts for Bromination of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compoundsusing Kbr Under Solvothermal and Solvent-free Conditions
Authors: pulusu Vijayshekar , Kamatala Chinna Rajanna Rajanna , Mardhanpally Anil Kumar , Yel Hemanth Sriram , Guguloth Yaku , Mukka Satish Kumar , Utkoor Umesh Kumar , Pulusu Yadagiri 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Silica supported nanogreenacids like Si-KHSO4, and Si-HClO4are explored as reusable catalysts for bromination of aromatic and hetero aromatic compounds using KBr under solvothermal, and solvent-free conditions. Reaction times reduced from Reacions under conventional solvothermal protocols conditions required (4 – 6) hours, while ultrasonic assisted reactions only (9 – 12) minutes for completion. But, solvent-free microwave assisted reactions required only (1-5) minutes exhibiting striking rate acceleration compared to the solvothermal and ultrasonic assisted protocols All the reaction protocols afforded fairly good yields of brominated products, which are comparable with existing protocols.
Radiogenomics Analysis Reveals Tumor Heterogeneity of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Jiang Lin , You Chao , Xiao Yi , Wang He , Xia Bing Qing , Zheng Ren Cheng , Zhang Dan Dan , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Gu Yajia , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subset of breast cancer with adverse prognosis and significant tumor heterogeneity. Here, we used MRI images from a breast cancer cohort consisting of 860 patients to construct a radiomic signature that could identify TNBC with an AUC of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.887 to 0.953) and validated in another cohort. Moreover, we developed radiomic signatures to distinguish TNBC subtypes with moderate efficacy. Furthermore, we identified peritumoral dependence nonuniformity of the gray level dependence matrix, which captures the intratumor heterogeneity in the tumor boundary, as the most significant prognostic factor (P = 0.04 for recurrence-free survival and P = 0.02 for overall survival). The integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated that high peritumor heterogeneity was related to immune suppression and enhanced metabolism. Our findings suggest that radiomics data can serve as a noninvasive predictor for molecular subtyping and clinical outcome in patients with TNBC.
An abrupt switch in magmatic plumbing taps porphyry copper deposit-forming magmas
Authors: Carter Lawrence , Tapster Simon , Williamson Ben , Buret Yannick , Selby David , Millar Ian , Parvaz Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Porphyry-type deposits are a vital source of green technology metals such as copper and molybdenum. They typically form in subduction-related settings from large, long-lived magmatic systems. The most widely accepted model for their formation requires that mantle-derived magmas undergo a multi-million year timescale ramp-up in volatiles and ore-forming constituents in mid- to lower-crustal reservoirs, however this does not explain why porphyry deposits are absent from the vast majority of arc magmatic systems. To address this, we have carried out geochemical and geochronological studies on the tilted, ~8 km depth equivalent, cross-section through the classic Yerington magmatic system, Nevada. Here we show that the magmas underwent a major and abrupt change in chemistry over a period of 100 kyrs which is coincident with the initiation of ore formation. This is attributed to a wholesale switch in the magmatic plumbing system whereby volatile-rich granitic melts were extracted from an estimated ~30 km depth and transported to shallow levels (~3-8 km) where exsolving fluids were focussed through highly permeable pathways to form porphyry deposits. The change in magma chemistry is documented across the entire plutonic to volcanic record. Its rapidity suggests that the increase in a magma’s ore-forming potential is not solely driven by tectonic factors, that occur over multi-million year scales, but through internal processes within the melt evolution zone, operating at more than an order of magnitude faster than previously envisaged. This short timescale narrows the temporal-geochemical footprint of magmas associated with porphyry mineralisation which will aid in targeting the next generation of ore deposits.
Inhibitory Control Training (ICT) Reduces The Consumption of Nicotine Among Young, Healthy Female Smokers
Authors: Nęcka Edward , Naskręt Patrycja 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Inhibitory control training (ICT) proved to be effective in the reduction of unhealthy food or alcohol consumption, but its efficacy in smoking reduction is hard to estimate due to the scarcity of relevant research. In our randomized controlled trial, the participants (N = 84) were recruited from the population of young healthy female smokers who were motivated to quit. The experimental group underwent an ICT procedure based on the Go/No Go paradigm. The predetermined stop signals (‘no go’ condition) were associated mostly with smoking-related pictures (90% consistency), whereas the response signals were associated with matched neutral pictures. There were two active control groups: the first had an equal proportion of neutral and smoking-related pictures in the ‘go’ and ‘no go’ trials; the second trained inhibitory control according to the same scheme as the experimental group, but the participants were not exposed to any smoking-related cues. All groups underwent 13 training sessions over 25 days. All participants completed a battery of questionnaires and cognitive tasks three times: before training, after its completion, and two months later. We found that all participants reduced the feeling of craving and devalued the smoking-related pictures. Since there were no between-group differences, these effects probably did not result from ICT. However, we found that the experimental group smoked significantly less cigarettes than the control groups; they also reduced the number of smoking days during the preceding 30-day period. The results suggest that extensive ICT training may serve as an effective method of reducing nicotine intake.
Curcumin Resuscitate Gliadin Induced Oxidative Damage And Altered Cellular Responses In Human Intestinal Cells Via Cross-Talk Between The Transcription Factor Nrf-2 And Multifunctional Protein APE1
Authors: Gupta Kunj Bihari , Mantha Anil Kumar , Dhiman Monisha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An imbalance between the production of oxygen and nitrogen free radicals and their degradation by the antioxidant system are the major causative factors for the wheat intolerance diseases. In the present study, we have examined the wheat gliadin protein-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress and downstream responses in the human intestinal cell lines viz. HCT-116 and HT-29. The role of phytochemical curcumin was investigated to alleviate the gliadin associated cellular damages. The focus of the study was to identify the role of key DNA repair enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in gliadin protein-induced toxicity in the intestine, which may be crucial for establishing the gut-associated diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS); reactive nitrogen species (RNS); mitochondrial ROS; mitochondrial trans-membrane potential; protein carbonylation; lipid peroxidation; and the oxidized DNA base damage was estimated in HCT-116 and HT-29 cells after 24 h treatment of 160 µg/ml of gliadin, 10 µM of curcumin and its combination. In addition, the transcriptional expression and enzymatic activities of antioxidants (SOD; Catalase; and GSH) were measured in the in these cells. Furthermore, the cross-talk between the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) and the multifunctional enzyme APE1 was analyzed by the immunofluorescent based imaging and co-immunoprecipitation assays. The endonuclease activity of APE1 and the DNA-protein interaction of NRF-2 with ARE was analyzed by using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) with the nuclear lysates of HCT-116 and HT-29 cells. Results suggest that 3 h pre-treatment of curcumin followed by the treatment of gliadin protein for 24 h time protect the HCT-116 and HT-29 cells via (1) decreasing the ROS, RNS, oxidative stress, mitochondrial ROS, recuperate mitochondrial trans-membrane potential; (2) reestablishing the cellular antioxidant defence systems; (3) enhancing the DNA-repair via APE1 and which further activates the ARE elements via activation of Nrf-2. In conclusion, wheat gliadin induces the oxidative/nitrosative stress, mitochondrial damage and damages the cellular biomolecules; hence is associated with the disease pathogenesis and tissue damage in wheat intolerance diseases. The gliadin induced stress and its consequences are significantly reduced by the pre-treatment of curcumin via DNA repair pathways and oxidative stress which is evident through the interaction between two essential proteins of these pathways APE1 and Nrf-2 hence suggesting the role of curcumin based management of wheat intolerance diseases like celiac disease.