bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Co(OH)2@Glu‐TSC nanoflakes enhance the apoptosis in hepatoma G2 cell
Authors: Shahrokhshahi Asal , Salehzadeh Ali , Vaziri Hamid Reza , Moradi‐Shoeili Zeinab 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles conjugated with glutamic acid and thiosemicarbazides (Co(OH)2@Glu‐TSC) on Hepatoma G2 (HpG2) cancer cell lines. The effect of different concentrations of Co(OH)2@Glu‐TSC nanoparticles on the growth of Human Embryonic Kidney‐293 (HEK‐293) normal cells and HpG2 cancer cells was evaluated. The half maximal inhibitory concentration of Co(OH)2@Glu‐TSC nanoparticle on HEK‐293 and HepG2 was 701.65 μg/ml and 133.62 μg/ml, respectively. The percentage of HpG2 living cells in untreated group was significantly higher than that in Co(OH)2@Glu‐TSC‐treated group (95.5 vs. 59.5%; p < .001). Dot plots of Annexin V/PI staining showed a 15.3% early‐stage apoptosis and a 15.3% late‐stage apoptosis in Co(OH)2@Glu‐TSC‐treated cells. Untreated cancer cells exhibited 2.83% early‐stage apoptosis and a 0.23% late‐stage apoptosis. Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species in Co(OH)2@Glu‐TSC‐treated cells (2,342) was significantly higher than that in untreated cells (2,342 vs. 707; p < .001). The mean expression of Caspase 3, maternally expressed gene 3, and P53 genes were significantly higher in Co(OH)2@Glu‐TSC‐treated cancer cells compared to untreated cancer cells. Co(OH)2@Glu‐TSC nanoparticle has a high cytotoxic effect on cancer cells which is possibly mediated by the induction of overproduction of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and overexpression of apoptotic genes.
miR‐92a promotes cervical cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by directly targeting PIK3R1
Authors: Wang Yijun , Chen Aner , Zheng Chenyang , Zhao Lingjun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify the role of miR‐92a in regulating the malignant progression of cervical cancer and its specific molecular mechanism.MethodsqRT‐PCR was used to detect the differential expression of miR‐92a in cervical cancer and adjacent tissues. The effects of overexpression of miR‐92a on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HeLa and SiHa cells were tested. Luciferase assays and rescue experiments were used to investigate the regulatory mechanism of miR‐92a on its downstream gene PIK3R1 and their interaction in the progression of cervical cancer.ResultsmiR‐92a was significantly up‐regulated in cervical cancer tissues. Overexpression of miR‐92a significantly increased the ability of cervical cancer cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade. PIK3R1 was identified as a downstream gene of miR‐92a. In cervical cancer tissues, PIK3R1 was found to be down‐regulated and negatively correlated with the level of miR‐92a. Overexpression of PIK3R1 reversed the promotional effect of overexpressed miR‐92a on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer.ConclusionmiR‐92a is up‐regulated in cervical cancer tissues. miR‐92a promotes the malignant development of cervical cancer by negatively regulating PIK3R1.
Resolution of serologic problems due to cold agglutinin mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia and its transfusion decision
Authors: Ying Qiming , Lv Dingfeng , Fu Xiaomei , Shi Shuanglu , Chen Luyan , He Yiwen , Yang Jing , Yang Shujun , Mu Qitian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare disease characterized by hemolysis caused by autoantibodies against erythrocyte surface antigen. These antibodies can be classified as warm, cold, or mixed types.MethodsWe report two cases of cold agglutinin disease (CAD), which were eventually diagnosed owing to blood group discrepancy. Resolution was achieved after washing the red blood cells (RBCs) with warm saline and absorbing the autoantibodies at 4°C with the washed RBCs. We also assessed the patient's condition and discussed the strategy of blood transfusion.ResultsThe first case occurred after postoperative chemotherapy for rectal cancer, and the other manifested with anemia from the outset. Direct antiglobulin tests were positive and revealed autoantibodies against C3d only. Cold agglutinin titration was performed, and the titers of both were 1:1024. Eventually, the patient's condition stabilized without blood transfusion.ConclusionThe serological discrepancies observed in the blood transfusion department can successfully guide blood transfusion decisions in cases of CAD.
Immunohistochemical detection of hepatocyte nuclear factor‐4α in vertebrates
Authors: Jiang Shuying , Tanaka Toshiya , Yagami Ren , Hasegawa Go , Umezu Hajime , Fujiyoshi Yukio , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Naito Makoto , Ajioka Yoichi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHepatocyte nuclear factor‐4α (HNF4α) presents in multiple isoforms generated using alternative promoter (P1 and P2) and splicing. Neither conservation of tissue distribution of HNF4α isoforms, nor presence of alternative promoter usage is known. In this study, to detect the expression of HNF4α in some species of animals, we have applied monoclonal antibodies against P1 (K9218) and P2 (H6939) promoter‐driven and P1/P2 promoter‐driven H1415 HNF4α for immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Antibody K9218 was observed in the hepatocytes, proximal tubules of the kidney, and epithelial cells in the mucosa of the small intestine and colon of rats, chicken, and tortoise, whereas antibody H6939 signal were detected in the stomach, pancreas, bile duct, and pancreatic duct of human and rats. The signal for antibody K9218 was recognized in tissues of a wide range of mammals, bird, reptile, amphibian, and fish as well. Antibody H1415 displayed a positive reaction in hepatocytes and intestinal epithelial cells in chicken and tortoise, whereas the bile duct, mucosal epithelial cells in the stomach, or pancreas in these animals were negative. Western blotting showed the binding of the antibody with HNF4α protein from each animal. The sequence of human HNF4α was 100% identical to murine and rat HNF4α, 88.9% to chicken, 77.8% to Xenopus HNF4α, and 81.5% to medaka. However, the specific part of human and invertebrate Drosophila HNF4 shares only 14.8% sequence identity. This antibody is useful for detecting HNF4α isoforms in a wide range of vertebrates, and suggests many insights into animal evolution.
Enhanced immobilization of Cr(VI) by a Fe0–microorganisms composite system: Benchmark and pot experiments
Authors: Liu Li , Zhao Jinxin , Yin Weizhao , Lv Sihao , Su Mei , Li Ping , Zheng Xiangyu , Chiang Penchi , Wu Jinhua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, a collaborative system of Fe0 and mixed anaerobic microorganisms was established for remediating chromium (Cr)‐contaminated soil and restraining the translocation of Cr from soil to swamp cabbage (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.). Solid phase characterization demonstrated that more reactive secondary minerals such as green rust, magnetite, and lepidocrocite were generated in the composite system as compared with the Fe0‐only system. Hence, the Fe0–microorganisms composite system achieved a remarkably higher aqueous Cr(VI) removal of 85.6%, 2.9 times higher than that in the Fe0‐only system. After 14 d remediation, easily available Cr(VI) and Crtotal species such as water‐soluble, exchangeable, and bound‐to‐carbonates were converted to less available Cr(III) and Crtotal species (e.g., Fe–Mn oxides‐bound and organic matter‐bound species) because of the production of Cr–Fe hydroxides and oxides [CrxFe1−x(OH)3 or CrxFe1−xOOH] on the Fe0 surface. A pot experiment showed that Cr uptake by swamp cabbage after the composite system remediation was suppressed by 69.1%, two times higher than that after the Fe0‐only system remediation. Excessive Fe uptake by swamp cabbage also was efficiently inhibited by the composite system treatment due to enhanced Fe hydroxides and oxides production on the Fe0 surface because of biological corrosion and mineralization. These results indicated that Fe0–microorganisms composite system remediation could efficiently enhance Cr(VI) immobilization and decrease its bioavailability and bioaccumulation by plants, which is a promising technology in Cr‐contaminated soil remediation.
Microstructural changes in normal‐appearing white matter in male sleep apnea patients are reversible after treatment: A pilot study
Authors: Salsone Maria , Caligiuri Maria Eugenia , Castronovo Vincenza , Canessa Nicola , Marelli Sara , Quattrone Andrea , Quattrone Aldo , Ferini‐Strambi Luigi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVisually appreciable white matter (WM) changes have been described in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, few data exist on the involvement of silent WM abnormalities. This prospective study investigated the microstructural integrity of normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) in male OSA patients before and after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment, using a neuroimaging approach. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired from 32 participants (16 severe never‐treated OSA and 16 controls). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and Tract‐Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) were used to assess the microstructural NAWM changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD). In order to evaluate the efficacy of the therapy, OSA patients underwent MRI evaluations at baseline and after 3 months of treatment (follow‐up). CPAP treatment significantly increased the FA in NAWM of the brain stem, corpus callosum and bilateral internal capsule of OSA patients at follow‐up compared to baseline (p < 0.05, TFCE‐corrected). OSA patients also showed increases in AD in the corpus callosum, superior corona radiata, and internal capsule of the right hemisphere (p < 0.05, TFCE‐corrected) after CPAP treatment. A significant negative correlation was found between the FA of the corona radiata, corpus callosum, internal capsule, limbic structures, and neuropsychological scores at follow‐up evaluation. No significant differences were found in MD and RD of NAWM in our patients after treatment. Our results demonstrate that FA and AD of NAWM in major tracts such as the corpus callosum and the internal capsule increased significantly after CPAP treatment, as a potential beneficial effect of ventilatory therapy. The recovery of NAWM alterations might also be related to the improvement in the neurocognitive profile, suggesting that nonclearly visible WM alterations may contribute to the physiopathology of OSA‐related cognitive impairment.
Competition and cheating: Investigating the role of moral awareness, moral identity, and moral elevation
Authors: Vadera Abhijeet K. , Pathki Chandra Shekhar 
Published: July 2021

SummaryCompetition can lead individuals to cheat; yet our knowledge of why competition affects cheating and how to mitigate these effects is limited. To address this limitation, we first contrast two theories: arousal theories of competition (via desire to win) and social cognitive theory (via impaired moral awareness). Our results were consistent with social cognitive theory in that competition impairs moral awareness and that this impairment explains why people cheat. We therefore build on social cognitive theory and show that two factors, moral identity and moral elevation, which are likely to make morality salient, moderated the effects of competition on cheating such that these effects were weaker for individuals whose moral identity was more (vs. less) chronically accessible or who were more (vs. less) morally elevated. We test our hypotheses in five experimental studies and one field study with students as well as working adult populations in India and the United States.
Modelling deep convective activity using lightning clusters and machine learning
Authors: Shi Manxing , Zhang Wei , Fan Peng , Chen Qihao , Liu Zhipeng , Li Qin , Liu Xiuguo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRetrieving thunderstorm activity through specific thermodynamic and kinematic parameters is paramount for predicting deep convective weather and investigating long‐term climatology of storm. However, the reliability of the relationship between parameters and convective events is restricted by the modelling methods and sampling of thunderstorm activity. There is no objective definition of a thunderstorm, so the clustering method is applied to the cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning stroke data in Central China to identify lightning clusters. These clusters are then gridded and associated with environmental variables derived from ERA5 reanalysis. Finally, machine learning (ML) technologies are applied to model the occurrence of thunderstorms. In addition, ERA5 is also evaluated. The parameters related to moisture and lapse rate calculated by ERA5 are close to sounding measurements, such as Td850, PW, LR700_400 and KI, whose correlation coefficients exceed 0.90. ERA5 has a good estimation of some parameters that are susceptible to the influence of the boundary layer. Compared with the lightning strike‐based scheme, our scheme obtains the best performance index values. An agreement between observations and predictions based on lightning clusters is also evident from the diurnal cycle of thunderstorm probabilities. Although thunderstorm activity on complex terrain is underestimated, the created ML model can explain 61.4% of the variance in the observed frequency. The results of the significance test reveal that there are statistically significant differences between the soundings corresponding to some isolated CG strikes and the thunderstorm class, but the distribution is the same as that of the non‐thunderstorm class. Solar radiation, topographic features and lake distribution play a major role in promoting the occurrence and development of thunderstorms.
Detecting publication selection bias through excess statistical significance
Authors: Stanley T. D. , Doucouliagos Hristos , Ioannidis John P. A. , Carter Evan C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe introduce and evaluate three tests for publication selection bias based on excess statistical significance (ESS). The proposed tests incorporate heterogeneity explicitly in the formulas for expected and ESS. We calculate the expected proportion of statistically significant findings in the absence of selective reporting or publication bias based on each study's SE and meta‐analysis estimates of the mean and variance of the true‐effect distribution. A simple proportion of statistical significance test (PSST) compares the expected to the observed proportion of statistically significant findings. Alternatively, we propose a direct test of excess statistical significance (TESS). We also combine these two tests of excess statistical significance (TESSPSST). Simulations show that these ESS tests often outperform the conventional Egger test for publication selection bias and the three‐parameter selection model (3PSM).
Supercritical fluid chromatography using methacrylate‐based monolithic column for the separation of polar analytes
Authors: Huang Yang , Jiang Zhengjin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA poly(N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐methacryloyloxyethyl‐N‐(3‐sulfopropyl) ammonium betaine‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith was prepared in a 100 × 2.0 mm id stainless‐steel column and was investigated for supercritical fluid chromatography. Optimization of its porosity was performed by changing the conditions of polymerization. Then, the chemical group of this column was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The prepared column showed good repeatability based on the retention factor of adenine, uracil and cytosine to calculate their run‐to‐run, day‐to‐day, column‐to‐column, and batch‐to‐batch relative standard deviations. Those values were less than 1.9% (n = 10), 6.5% (n = 3), 5.6% (n = 3), and 1.7% (n = 3), respectively. In addition, the column was found to be stable within 3 and 10 days with relative standard deviations less than 6.5 and 8.5%, respectively. These results indicated that the columns showed good reproducibility and stability. Compared with liquid chromatogaphy, supercritical fluid chromatography provided better kinetic performance and selectivity. Finally, several neutral, acid, and basic polar analytes were utilized to test its application. The results demonstrated that the prepared column exhibited a good separation performance and showed great potential in supercritical fluid chromatography.
Single Visit Evaluation and Tympanostomy Tube Placement for the Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in Children
Authors: Billings Kathleen R. , Hajduk John , Thompson Dana M. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo review our experiences with development of a single visit surgery (SVS) program for children with recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) undergoing tympanostomy tube (TT) placement the same day as their otolaryngology surgical consultation.Study DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.MethodsRetrospective series of patients participating in SVS from inception March 1, 2014 to April 30, 2020 were analyzed, with attention to factors associated with increasing interest and participation in SVS and parent experiences/satisfaction.ResultsA total of 224 children had TT placed through SVS for AOM management. The average age of patients was 18.1 months (standard deviation 7.8 months), and 130 (58.0%) were male. The median interval between initial contact to schedule SVS, and the SVS date was 15 days (interquartile range 9–23 days). When analyzing year‐over‐year volumes from inception of SVS, notable increases were seen in 2016 and 2017 after a radio advertisement was played locally. A marked increase in volume was noted after implementation of a Decision Tree Scheduling (DTS) algorithm for children with recurrent AOM. Sixty‐six (28.8%) procedures were performed after institution of DTS. A parent survey demonstrated high levels of satisfaction with the SVS experience. Estimations of savings to families in terms of time away from work demonstrated potential for indirect healthcare benefits.ConclusionsSVS for TT placement was a successful, alternative model of care for management of children with AOM. Marketing strategies regarding SVS, and the inclusion of SVS pathway in DTS platforms increased rates of interest and choice of this option. Parents of children undergoing TT through SVS were satisfied with the overall experience.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2823–2829, 2021
Aerosol Generation During Laryngology Procedures in the Operating Room
Authors: Zheng Melissa , Lui Christopher , O'Dell Karla , M. Johns Michael , Ference Elisabeth H. , Hur Kevin 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 spreads through respiratory fluids. We aim to quantify aerosolized particles during laryngology procedures to understand their potential for transmission of infectious aerosol‐based diseases.Study DesignProspective quantification of aerosol generation.MethodsAirborne particles (0.3–25 μm in diameter) were measured during live‐patient laryngology surgeries using an optical particle counter positioned 60 cm from the oral cavity to the surgeon's left. Measurements taken during the procedures were compared to baseline concentrations recorded immediately before each procedure. Procedures included direct laryngoscopy with general endotracheal anesthesia (GETA), direct laryngoscopy with jet ventilation, and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser use with or without jet ventilation, all utilizing intermittent suction.ResultsGreater than 99% of measured particles were 0.3 to 1.0 μm in diameter. Compared to baseline, direct laryngoscopy was associated with a significant 6.71% increase in cumulative particles, primarily 0.3 to 1.0 μm particles (P < .0001). 1.0 to 25 μm particles significantly decreased (P < .001). Jet ventilation was not associated with a significant change in cumulative particles; when analyzing differential particle sizes, only 10 to 25 μm particles exhibited a significant increase compared to baseline (+42.40%, P = .002). Significant increases in cumulative particles were recorded during CO2 laser use (+14.70%, P < .0001), specifically in 0.3 to 2.5 μm particles. Overall, there was no difference when comparing CO2 laser use during jet ventilation versus GETA.ConclusionsCO2 laser use during laryngology surgery is associated with significant increases in airborne particles. Although direct laryngoscopy with GETA is associated with slight increases in particles, jet ventilation overall does not increase particle aerosolization.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:2759–2765, 2021
Ultrafast Laser Direct Writing in Glass: Thermal Accumulation Engineering and Applications
Authors: Tan Dezhi , Zhang Bo , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUltrafast laser direct writing (ULDW) is explored as a facile technique to induce unprecedented physical phenomena and functional structures three dimensionally in glass. The rapid prototyping and compatibility with a diversity of materials offer solutions to requirements for various applications and new emerging platforms in photonic circuits and networks, quantum platform, optical storage, nonlinear optics, and integrated multifunctional photonic chips. In this review, tuning the local thermal accumulation in the ULDW is demonstrated to provide a unique opportunity to induce a series of physical phenomena and produce structure modifications in glass beyond ULDW with negligible thermal accumulation. The device performance and fabrication efficiency are also improvable with adjusting local thermal accumulation. The principles of thermal ULDW, the generated structures and their applications are reviewed. This paper also gives an outlook to the basic challenges of thermal ULDW, and the important and promising directions for the future research.
Light‐Activated Biomedical Applications of Chlorophyll Derivatives
Authors: Pucci Carlotta , Martinelli Chiara , Degl'Innocenti Andrea , Desii Andrea , De Pasquale Daniele , Ciofani Gianni 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTetrapyrroles are the basis of essential physiological functions in most living organisms. These compounds represent the basic scaffold of porphyrins, chlorophylls, and bacteriochlorophylls, among others. Chlorophyll derivatives, obtained by the natural or artificial degradation of chlorophylls, present unique properties, holding great potential in the scientific and medical fields. Indeed, they can act as cancer‐preventing agents, antimutagens, apoptosis inducers, efficient antioxidants, as well as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory molecules. Moreover, thanks to their peculiar optical properties, they can be exploited as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy and as vision enhancers. Most of these molecules, however, are highly hydrophobic and poorly soluble in biological fluids, and may display undesired toxicity due to accumulation in healthy tissues. The advent of nanomedicine has prompted the development of nanoparticles acting as carriers for chlorophyll derivatives, facilitating their targeted administration with demonstrated applicability in diagnosis and therapy. In this review, the chemical and physical properties of chlorophyll derivatives that justify their usage in the biomedical field, with particular regard to light‐activated dynamics are described. Their role as antioxidants and photoactive agents are discussed, introducing the most recent nanomedical applications and focusing on inorganic and organic nanocarriers exploited in vitro and in vivo.