bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WORK MEASUREMENT STUDY ON MOTOR-MANUAL PINE TAPPING OPERATION: THE APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF LEAN MANUFACTURING AND ALLOWANCES
Authors: Yovi Efi Yuliati , Prasetiana Diah , Nirmalasari Natasha Aquilla 
Published: May 2021

Derivated products of pine resin have been recognised as competitive commodities in global trade, increasing the need to use resources more efficiently. A hand-held tapping machine with small hoe-shape cutters called “mujitek” has been widely applied in Indonesia among efforts to answer this challenge. In this study, a series of observed (actual) work time data were measured and analysed, adopting lean manufacturing to calculate the basic and standard time of the work and estimate the work produced on the tapping operation. Work elements were identified based on their contribution to change or transform the product and were categorised as value-added, non-value-added, and special allowance. Quantitative data on the work productivity in the tapping operation can be used as one fundamental data in determining a work plan to establish a continuous improvement process. The variable fatigue allowances taken into account in this study were standing posture, abnormal posture, muscular energy, atmospheric conditions, and noise. This study shows that non-value-added work elements (repairing machines, chatting, and smoking) cause inefficiency in tapping operation. Analysis of added-value work elements proved that this hand-held tapping machine offers a higher (1.7 times) work productivity than conventional hand-held tapping tools. However, since humans have limitations in the physical, physiological, and mental dimensions that limit their ability to carry out work at a certain level, the discovered work productivity level should also be validated with other thresholds, e.g., physical workload and risk perception.
The agricultural land trade
Authors: Zombory Katarzyna 
Published: May 2021

This paper aims to provide a report on the conference titled The agricultural land trade. Theory and Practice, which was held on 26 November 2020 by Adam Mickiewicz University (UAM) in Poznań. The conference report deals with the three sessions of the conference in separate chapters, and in the end, it contains concluding remarks. In parallel with the presentation of the sessions, legal literature is provided in connection with each issue.
Isotope fractionation (δ 13C, δ15N) and microbial community response in degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by biostimulation in contaminated soil
Authors: Liu Heng , Wu Manli , Guo Xiqian , Gao Huan , Xu Yinrui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the isotope effects of δ13C and δ15N and microbial response during biodegradation of hydrocarbons by biostimulation with nitrate or compost in the petroleum-contaminated soil. Compost and KNO3 amendments promoted the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal accompanied by a significant increase of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes phyla. Soil alpha diversity decreased after 90 days of biostimulation. An inverse significant carbon isotope effect (εc = 16.6 ± 0.8‰) and strong significant nitrogen isotope effect (εN = -24.20 ± 9.54‰) were shown by the KNO3 supplementation. For compost amendment, significant carbon and nitrogen isotope effect were εc = 38.8 ± 1.1‰ and εN = -79.49 ± 16.41‰, respectively. A clear difference of the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope fractionation was evident by KNO3 or compost amendment, which indicated the mechanisms of petroleum degradation by adding compost or KNO3 are different.
Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-iodine as preoperative skin antisepsis for prevention of Surgical Site Infection in Cesarean Section
Authors: Luwang Athokpam Lenin , Saha Pradip Kumar , Rohilla Minakshi , Sikka Pooja , saha lekha , Gautam Vikas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To compare the efficacy of chlorhexidine-alcohol and povidone-iodine as preoperative antiseptic skin preparation for prevention of Surgical site infection(SSI) after Cesarean Section(CS).Materials and Methods: A total of 311 eligible women who underwent CS were recruited in the study after fulfilling all the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were randomized into two groups (153 in Chlorhexidine-alcohol Group and 158 in povidone-iodine Group) by computer-generated randomization table. Patients were followed for a period of 30 days in post operative period to monitor for SSI.Results: The overall rate of SSI was 7%, out of which chlorhexidine-alcohol group had 5.4% and povidone-iodine group had 8.6%. E.coli, K.pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii were the most common organism isolated. E.coli was found in 9.5% of the total SSI cases.Conclusions: The study found that the patients who received chlorhexidine-alcohol as skin antiseptic had less chance of developing SSI than those who received povidone iodine however it did not reach statistical significance.
Multifunctional and smart Er2O3–ZnO nanocomposites for electronic ceramic varistors and visible light degradation of wastewater treatment
Authors: AlAbdulaal Thekrayat Hassan , AlShadidi Manal , Hussien Mai , Vanga Ganesh , Bouzidi Abdel-Fatah , Rafique Saqib , Algarni Hamed , Zahran Heba , Abdel-wahab Mohamed Shaaban , Yahia Ibrahim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this proposed study, Erbium (Er3+)-doped ZnO nanocomposites were prepared through the effective, basic, and green combustion method. The significant effects of Er-dopants on the structural, morphological features, dielectric and optical behaviors of the pure ZnO matrix as well as Er2O3–ZnO nanostructured materials were investigated applying X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformation Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Vis spectrophotometer techniques. These results showed that the synthesized Er2O3–ZnO nanocomposites are well polycrystalline. The Er2O3–ZnO nanocomposites are almost uniformly distributed on the surface morphologies. Furthermore, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, AC electrical conductivity, and dielectric properties' current-voltage characteristics were utilized to examine the influence of erbium-doping on the optical properties, energy bandgaps of the proposed Er2O3–ZnO nanostructured powder. The tested nano-samples were applied for the visible light photodegradation of p-chlorophenol (4-CP) and p-nitrophenol (4-NP). The Er-doped ZnO ratio affects the photocatalytic activity of the ZnO matrix. This current research substantiated that more than 99.5% of 4-CP and 4-NP were photodegraded through 30 min of irradiation. Four times, the Er: ZnO nanocatalysts were used and still displayed an efficiency of more than 96.5% for 4-CP and 4-NP degradations in the specified period = 30 min. The as-prepared Er2O3-ZnO nanostructured are considered novel potential candidates in broad nano-applications from visible photocatalytic degradation of waste pollutants to the electronic varistor devices.
Therapeutic Evaluation of Artesunate in IgA Nephropathy (TEATING) Study: A study protocol of a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Chen Qi , Wang Zi , Lv Jicheng , Liu Lijun , Li Hang , Sun Weiwei , Huo Yanhong , Guo Yingbo , Shen Cun , Li Shichao , Chen Zhenjie , Zhou Jingwei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

IgA nephropathy is the most common glomerular disease and a common cause of progression to end-stage renal disease in patients with kidney diseases. Proteinuria levels are critical to the prognosis of patients with IgA nephropathy, but many patients are still unable to effectively control proteinuria levels after receiving adequate RAAS blockers. Antimalarial drugs have shown good efficacy in the treatment of kidney disease in previous studies; however, there have been no strict designed randomized controlled trials to confirm the clinical efficacy of artesunate in IgA nephropathy patients. Therefore, we designed this clinical trial to compare the effect of artesunate versus placebo in patients with IgA nephropathy.
Methods

This study was a randomized, double-blind, three-group-parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial. One hundred and twenty eligible IgA nephropathy patients at risk of progression were randomly divided into artesunate 100mg group, artesunate 50 mg group, and placebo group. Changes in proteinuria and renal function were measured after 6 months of intervention. The levels of Gd-IgA1, Anti-Gd-IgA1 in the patient's blood will also be tested to further understand possible immune mechanisms.
Discussion

Clinical evidence for artesunate treatment of IgA nephropathy is currently lacking, and we expect that the results of this trial will provide high-quality clinical evidence for artesunate as a treatment option for IgA nephropathy in the future.
Trial registration:

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000038104, registration date: 10 September 2020. http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=61338&htm=4.
The relation of omentin gene expression and glucose homeostasis of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in non-diabetic adults
Authors: Daneshafrooz Afsoon , Yuzbashian Emad , Zarkesh Maryam , Asghari Golaleh , Mirmiran Parvin , Hedayati Mehdi , Abooshahab Raziyeh , Fanaei S. Melika , Khalaj Alireza 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Adipose tissue (AT) is known as a passive reservoir for energy storage and an active endocrine organ responsible for the synthesis of bioactive molecules called adipokines. Omentin is known as an anti-inflammatory adipokine that can modulate insulin sensitivity. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between omentin mRNA expression and glucose homeostasis of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in non-diabetic adults.
Methods
VAT and SAT adipose tissues were collected from 137 adults, aged ≥ 18 years, who were hospitalized for abdominal surgery. Preoperative venous blood samples were taken from the participants before surgery to measure fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride. BMI, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B were calculated. Insulin levels were measured with Mercodia kits using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In order to obtain omentin mRNA expression, real-time PCR was performed.
Results
Overall, 91 (51.7%) subjects were healthy (without insulin resistance (IR)), and 46 (26.1%) participants were with IR. Fold changes of VAT and SAT omentin expression in IR subjects were 2.32 and 1.30, respectively (P > 0.05). After controlling for age and BMI, linear regression analysis indicated a significant positive association of SAT omentin expression with insulin concentration (β = 0.048; 95% CI: 0.009, 0.088, P = 0.017) and HOMA-IR (β = 0.173; 95% CI: 0.023, 0.323, P = 0.014). Moreover, a negative association of SAT omentin expression with HOMA-B (β=-0.001; 95% CI: 0.002, -0.001, P < 0.001) was observed.
Conclusion
This study's finding confirms a direct association between IR with omentin mRNA levels in SAT. Besides, the indicator of insulin sensitivity had an inverse association with omentin gene expression in SAT. This aspect of research suggests that omentin secretion from SAT has a strong link with insulin regulation.
Multi Criteria Group Decision Making Based On Q-Rung Orthopair Trapezoidal Hesitant Dombi Fuzzy Aggregation Operators
Authors: Fahmi Aliya , Aslam Muhammad , Ahmad Rehan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper determinations to present the impression of dombi aggregation operators for the q-rung orthopair trapezoidal hesitant dombi fuzzy numbers. The q-rung orthopair trapezoidal hesitant dombi fuzzy statistics is an imperative idea. On the other indicator, the association between the diverse combines of the qualities are well chronicled in rapports of dombi operators. Thus, possession these compensations of q-rung orthopair trapezoidal hesitant dombi fuzzy number, the impartial of this work is to describe numerous weighted averaging and geometric aggregation operators. The numerous possessions and the extraordinary cases of them are also derived. Further, the consequences of proposed new dombi aggregation operators are studied in view of some constraints. Finally, a multiple attribute decision making algorithm, based on the proposed operators, is established to solve the problems with uncertain data and exemplify with arithmetical instances. A relative assignment, domination check and discussion of the intentional approach are provided to authorize the methodology.
Existing form and distribution of fluorine and phosphorus in phosphate rock acid-insoluble residue
Authors: Li Rui , He Wei Long , Duan Jiangfei , Feng Shengxia , Zhu Ziyu , Zhang Yu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The phosphorus-sulfur two-step production process was developed in the wet-process phosphoric acid industry to solve phosphogypsum pollution. However, phosphate rock acid-insoluble residue is produced during this process as a new type of solid waste, which had a high potential for recycling. For process reasons, this type of residue still contains a certain amount of fluorine and phosphorus, which has a massive impact on the potential uses of phosphate rock acid-insoluble residue. Therefore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman, electron probe spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the existing form and distribution of fluorine and phosphorus in phosphate rock acid-insoluble residue. The mass fraction of F and P2O5 were 9.407% and 11.862%, respectively. Fluorine existed mainly in the form of fluorite, fluorapatite and metal fluoride. Phosphorus existed mainly in the form of fluoroapatite, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate. The total phosphate, hydrogen phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate contents were much higher than that of fluoroapatite, whereas the fluoroapatite content was higher than that of fluorite and metal fluoride. Fluorine and phosphorus were distributed in the form of agglomerates in the phosphate rock acid-insoluble residue. Fluorine and phosphorus were partially correlated, showing a weak relationship in the high phosphorus area.
Overexpression of Osimertinib-resistant ABCG2 in Non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Wang Mei , Jiang Junyao , Du Yuxuan , Liu Shuaimei , Ge Xiaojun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: Osimertinib is one of the commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nonetheless, the eventual resistance developed by cancer cells to Osimertinib has led to limitations in its application. Accordingly, there is a significant need for identifying means of reversing Osimertinib resistance.Method: The CCK-8 method was employed in detecting cell proliferation and toxicity. Western blot analysis detected protein expression, cell invasion analysis was performed using transwell assays, and the concentration of Osimertinib was determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Result: In this study, we constructed Osimertinib-resistant cells, thus indicating the vital role of ABCG2 expression in formation of drug-resistant cells. Down-regulating ABCG2 expression in drug-resistant cells can reduce the lung cancer cells’ IC50, degree of proliferation and invasion. Combining use of ERK and PI3K inhibitors to inhibit ABCG2 expression is superior to employing a single inhibitor. Conclusion: Inhibiting the expression of ABCG2 can reverse the resistance of NSCLC cells to Osimertinib. Overexpression of ABCG2 is caused by the coactivation of the MAPK and the PI3K/AKT pathways.
Power Generation at Room Temperature -How to Design of the Sensitized Thermal Cell-
Authors: Kohata Haruki , Obinata Mitsugu , Ikeda Takumi , Sekiya Hayato , Mei Biao , Wang Ye , Mizukoshi Kazushi , Isobe Toshihiro , Nakajima Akira , Matsushita Sachiko 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The effective utilisation of thermal energy is crucial to a world aiming at sustainable development goals. The sensitised thermal cell (STC) is a new thermal energy conversion technology, which was reported in 2017, for generating electricity via the redox reactions of electrolyte ions with thermally excited carriers in semiconductors. STC is attracting attention as a technology that could affect oil prices globally. Here, we report the successful construction of STC, which discharges and recovers well at room temperature, by studying the interelectrode and ion diffusion distances. The fabricated STC is thinner than 0.5 mm and can be rendered flexible. Further, STCs, which possess a power generation capacity of 0.1 mA, 100 mV per 1 mm2 area, and shall be installed “in” internet-of-things (IoT) devices, drainage pipes, and walls in the future.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study Assessing the Efficacy of Magnesium Oxide Monohydrate in the Treatment of Nocturnal Leg Cramps
Authors: Barna Olha , Lohoida Pavlo , Holovchenko Yurii , Bazylevych Andrii , Velychko Valentyna , Hovbakh Iryna , Bula Larysa , Shechter Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Magnesium supplements are widely used for prophylaxis and treatment of nocturnal leg cramps (NLC). However, there is little evidence in support of their effectiveness. The main impediment stems from the lack of assessments of cellular absorption. In the current study, we tested the efficacy and safety of a magnesium supplement – magnesium oxide monohydrate (MOMH), for which increased cellular absorption rates were demonstrated in an ex-vivo setting. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study was conducted in hospitals and outpatient clinics in Ukraine, from February to August 2018. Eligible subjects received a capsule with MOMH 226mg or placebo, once daily, at bedtime, for a 60‑day period. The assessed parameters included frequency and duration of NLC episodes, quality of sleep, NLC-induced pain and quality of life sub-scores. The Fisher's Exact Test for comparison of groups by categorical variables was used. The Student’s test or Mann-Whitney test were used for between-group comparison at different timepoints. ANCOVA followed by contrast analysis was used for comparison of groups at the end of the study. Results: 175 (81%) out of 216 initially screened subjects completed the study. The number of NLC episodes has significantly decreased by the end of the study period as compared to baseline in both groups (p<0.001 for both). There was a significant between-group difference in the magnitude of reduction in NLC episodes (p=0.01), indicating a higher decrease in the MOMH group as compared to the placebo group (-3.4 vs -2.6, respectively). In addition, MOMH treatment resulted in a greater reduction in NLC duration (p<0.007) and greater improvement in sleep quality (p<0.001) as compared to placebo.Conclusions: MOMH was shown to be effective in the treatment of NLC as well as safe and well-tolerated. ClinicalTrials.gov identification number: NCT03807219, retrospectively registered on January 16, 2019.
Modulation of the expression of sirtuins and var genes by heat shock in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum: a pattern emerges
Authors: Anagu Linda O. , Hulse David R. , Horrocks Paul D. , Chakravorty Srabasti J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: In the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum the expression of ‘var’ virulence genes is regulated through epigenetic mechanisms. Its sirtuin epigenetic regulators have a direct effect on var gene expression patterns, are increased in a laboratory strain of P. falciparum exposed to heat shock and are positively associated with fever. A Gambia study extended this association to blood lactate and var genes commonly expressed in severe malaria, and between PfSir2A and group B var. A Kenyan study extended this association to between PfSir2A and overall var transcript level. These observations suggest a mechanism through which stress phenotypes in the human host might be sensed via a parasite sirtuin, and virulence gene expression modulated accordingly. Methods: In vitro experiments were conducted using laboratory and recently-laboratory-adapted Kenyan isolates of P. falciparum to follow up the correlative findings of the field study. To investigate a potential cause-and-effect relationship between host stress factors and parasite gene expression, qPCR was used to measure the expression of sirtuins and var genes after highly synchronous cultured parasites had been exposed to 2h or 6h of heat shock at 40°C or elevated lactate.Results: Heat shock was shown to influence the expression of PfSir2B in the trophozoites, whereas exposure to lactate was not. After the ring stages were exposed to heat shock; sirtuins, severe-disease-associated upsA and upsB var genes and var genes in general were not altered. More biological replicate experiments will be needed to confirm our observations. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that heat stress in laboratory and recently-laboratory-adapted isolates of P. falciparum results in a small increase in PfSir2B transcripts in the trophozoite stages only. By contrast, the association between hyperlactataemia and sirtuin/var gene expression that was previously observed in vivo appears to be coincidental rather than causative.
End-of-life upcycling of robust polyurethanes using a room temperature, mechanism-based degradation
Authors: Morado Ephraim , Ivanoff Douglas , Wang Hsuan-Chin , Johnson Alayna , Paterson Mara , Daniels Darius , Rizvi Aoon , Sottos Nancy , Zimmerman Steven 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A major challenge in developing recyclable polymeric materials is the inherent conflict between the properties required during and after its life span. In particular, materials must be strong and durable when in use, but undergo complete and rapid degradation upon end-of-life. We report a new mechanism for degrading polyurethanes called CyclizAtion-Triggered CHain (CATCH) cleavage that achieves this duality. CATCH cleavage features a simple glycerol-based acyclic acetal unit as a kinetic and thermodynamic trap for gated chain-shattering. Thus, an organic acid induces transient chain breaks with oxocarbenium ion formation and subsequent intramolecular cyclization to depolymerize fully the polyurethane backbone at room temperature. With minimal chemical modification, the resulting degradation products can be repurposed into strong adhesives and photochromic coatings demonstrating the potential for upcycling. The CATCH cleavage strategy for low-energy input breakdown and subsequent upcycling may be generalizable to a broader range of synthetic polymers and their end-of-life waste streams.