bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant expression and coexpression of oyster defensin and proline‐rich peptide in Komagataella phaffii
Authors: Erdem Büyükkiraz Mine , Kesmen Zülal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProline‐rich peptide (CgPrp) and defensin (CgDef), oyster (Crassostrea gigas)‐originated antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), were produced by the recombinant technique in Komagataella phaffii GS115 cells. For this purpose, the nucleotide sequences encoding the CgPrp and CgDef peptides were synthesized by the recursive PCR technique, and ligated in pPICZaA expression vector. Additionally, the expression cassettes of pPICZαA‐CgDef and pPICZαA‐CgPrp were combined using in vitro multimer ligation strategy to construct the coexpression vector pPICZaA‐CgPrp‐CgDef. The expression and coexpression vectors transformed into K. phaffii GS115 cells by electroporation. At the end of the 0.5% methanol‐induced expression stage for 96 h, the recombinant peptides were purified from the culture medium. The concentrations of purified peptides were changed between 1.05 and 1.21 mg/L. The recombinant peptides successfully inhibited the growth of tested Gram‐positive bacterial strains belonging to Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of recombinant CgPrp, CgDef, and CgPrp‐CgDef peptides against tested bacteria were in the range of 12.50–25.00, 18.75–75.00, and 5.80–11.60 pg/μl, respectively. The results of the study proved that the recombinant CgPrp, CgDef, and CgPrp‐CgDef peptides expressed in K. phaffii might have good potential for the inhibition of common Gram‐positive pathogenic bacteria, including drug‐resistant MRSA.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Ganshuang Granules Attenuate CCl4‐Induced Hepatic Fibrosis by Modulating Gut Microbiota
Authors: Zhao Jie , Miao Jing , Wei Xin , Guo Liying , Li Peng , Lei Jinyan , Wang Jing , Zhu Bo , Wang Li , Jia Jianwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGut dysbiosis contributes to hepatic fibrosis. Emerging evidence revealed the major role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in gut microbiota homeostasis. Here, we aimed to investigate the anti‐fibrotic activity and underlying mechanism of ganshuang granules (GS), particularly regarding gut microbiota homeostasis. CCl4‐induced hepatic fibrosis models were allocated into 4 groups receiving normal saline (model), 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 g/kg GS for 5 weeks. As result, GS treatment alleviated liver injury in CCl4‐induced hepatic fibrosis, presenting as decreases of the liver index, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate transaminase. Histological staining and expression revealed that the enhanced oxidative stress, inflammatory and hepatic fibrosis in CCl4‐induced models were attenuated by GS. Immunohistochemical staining showed that tight junction‐associated proteins in intestinal mucosa were up‐regulated by GS. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that GS rebalanced the gut dysbiosis manifested as improving alpha and beta diversity of gut microbiota, reducing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and regulating the relative abundance of various bacteria. In summary, GS decreased the intestinal permeability and rebalanced the gut microbiota to reduce the oxidative stress and inflammation, eventually attenuating CCl4‐induced hepatic fibrosis.
Chemical Constituents of the Marine Fungus Penicillium sp. MCCC 3A00228
Authors: Wang Chao‐Feng , Huang Xiao‐Fang , Xiao Hong‐Xiu , Hao You‐Jia , Xu Lin , Yan Qing‐Xiang , Zou Zheng‐Biao , Xie Chun‐Lan , Xu Yan‐Qin , Yang Xian‐Wen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne new (d‐arabinitol‐anofinicate, 1) and fourteen known (2–15) compounds were isolated from the marine Penicillium sp. MCCC 3A00228. The structure of the new compound was established mainly by extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 exhibited weak transcriptional effect on Nur77. While compound 13 showed moderate in vitro anti‐proliferative effect against QGY7701, H1299, and HCT116 tumor cells with IC50 values of 21.2 μM, 18.2 μM, and 17.6 μM, respectively.
“A Study in Yellow”: Investigations in the Stereoselectivity of Ene‐Reductases
Authors: Parmeggiani Fabio , Brenna Elisabetta , Colombo Danilo , Gatti Francesco G. , Tentori Francesca , Tessaro Davide 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEne‐reductases from the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) superfamily are a well‐known and efficient biocatalytic alternative for the asymmetric reduction of C=C bonds. Considering the broad variety of substituents that can be tolerated, and the excellent stereoselectivities achieved, it is apparent why these enzymes are so appealing for preparative and industrial applications. Different classes of C=C bonds activated by at least one electron‐withdrawing group have been shown to be accepted by these versatile biocatalysts in the last decades, affording a vast range of chiral intermediates employed in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavours, fragrances and fine chemicals. In order to access both enantiomers of reduced products, stereodivergent pairs of OYEs are desirable, but their natural occurrence is limited. The detailed knowledge of the stereochemical course of the reaction can uncover alternative strategies to orient the selectivity via mutagenesis, evolution, and substrate engineering. An overview of the ongoing studies on OYE‐mediated bioreductions will be provided, with particular focus on stereochemical investigations by deuterium labelling.
Percutaneous closure of a post‐surgical ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm with an amplatzer septal occluder device and steerable guiding sheath
Authors: McClure Graham R. , Ratnayake Geemitha , Chan Albert , Gagnon Joel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThoracic pseudoaneurysm in the ascending aorta is an uncommon condition associated with significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Treatment is recommended in all cases regardless of symptoms as the mortality rate if left untreated has been documented to be as high as 61%. The current standard of care for managing these lesions is open surgical repair. However, this is associated with significant morbidity. In‐hospital mortality reported for patients undergoing surgical repair of an ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm ranges from 6.7% to 41%. When anatomically suitable, a less invasive approach using amplatzer vascular plug or septal occluder is an attractive approach. We present a case report of repair of a post‐surgical ascending aortic false aneurysm using an amplatzer septal occluder with an Oscor ™ steerable guiding sheath; a novel approach to increase platform stability when engaging an aneurysm neck. Endovascular occluder deployment for closure of aortic false aneurysms remains a relatively novel technique. It is limited by the requirement to develop a stable endovascular platform to deliver the device and avoid system prolapse, particularly when accessing challenging lesions on the inner aortic curvature. We present the first case to utilize a steerable guiding sheath system to improve system stability and facilitate successful device delivery. Given the significant morbidity associated with open repair of these lesions we hope this will further expand the range of lesions viewed as appropriate for endovascular repair.
Comparative Study of Preprocessing on an ATR‐FTIR Calibration Model for In Situ Monitoring of Solution Concentration in Cooling Crystallization
Authors: Zhang Fangkun , Du Kang , Guo Luyu , Xu Qilei , Shan Baoming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe effect of data preprocessing on a calibration model based on attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was investigated for in situ measurements of the solution concentration during cooling crystallization. L‐Glutamic acid cooling crystallization was taken as a case study. It was found that smoothing and derivative is a superior preprocessing method for model calibration, which can effectively remove spectral nonlinearity, improve the prediction accuracy of the calibration model, and enhance model robustness in detecting faults. Verification experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the established calibration models. These models also show better performance in detecting the generation of crystal nuclei in the probe window, which is of great significance to eliminate the fatal probe fouling.
Copper‐Catalyzed Si—H Bond Insertion Polymerization for Synthesis of Optically Active Polyesters Containing Silicon
Authors: Zhai Xiao‐Yong , Wang Xiao‐Qing , Wu Bo , Zhou Yong‐Gui 
Published: September 2021

Comprehensive SummaryThe synthesis and characterization of chiral polymers with diverse structure remain a long‐term challenging research topic. Herein, a copper‐catalyzed enantioselective insertion of carbene into Si—H bond was applied to polycondensation, giving a new type of optically active degradable polyesters containing Si—C bond in the main chain. The polymerization features mild condition, broad substrate scope, excellent yields and enantioselectivities. Chiral diols could be obtained via reduction of optically active polyesters. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated these chiral polyesters exhibit good thermal stability.
Distribution and daily oscillation of GABA in the circadian system of the cockroach Rhyparobia maderae
Authors: Massah Azar , Neupert Susanne , Brodesser Susanne , Homberg Uwe , Stengl Monika 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in nervous systems promoting sleep in both mammals and insects. In the Madeira cockroach, sleep‐wake cycles are controlled by a circadian clock network in the brain's optic lobes, centered in the accessory medulla (AME) with its innervating pigment‐dispersing factor (PDF) expressing clock neurons at the anterior‐ventral rim of the medulla. GABA is present in cell clusters that innervate different circuits of the cockroach's AME clock, without colocalizing in PDF clock neurons. Physiological, immunohistochemical, and behavioral assays provided evidence for a role of GABA in light entrainment, possibly via the distal tract that connects the AME's glomeruli to the medulla. Furthermore, GABA was implemented in clock outputs to multiple effector systems in optic lobe and midbrain. Here, GABAergic brain circuits were analyzed further, focusing on the circadian system in search for sleep/wake controlling brain circuits. All GABA‐immunoreactive neurons of the cockroach brain were also stained with an antiserum against the GABA‐synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. We found strong overlap of the distribution of GABA‐immunoreactive networks with PDF clock networks in optic lobes and midbrain. Neurons in five of the six soma groups that innervate the clock exhibited GABA immunoreactivity. The intensity of GABA immunoreactivity in the distal tract showed daily fluctuations with maximum staining intensity in the middle of the day and weakest staining at the end of the day. Quantification via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, likewise, showed higher GABA levels in the optic lobe during the inactivity phase of the cockroach during the day and lower levels during its activity phase at dusk. Our data further support the hypothesis that light‐ and PDF‐dependently the circadian clock network of the cockroach controls GABA levels and thereby promotes sleep during the day.
Pretecto‐ and ponto‐cerebellar pathways to the pigeon oculomotor cerebellum follow a zonal organization
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Ibáñez Cristian , Pilon Madison C. , Wylie Douglas R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBoth birds and mammals have relatively large forebrains and cerebella. In mammals, there are extensive sensory–motor projections to the cerebellum through the pontine nuclei originating from several parts of the cerebral cortex. Similar forebrain‐to‐cerebellum pathways exist in birds, but the organization of this circuitry has not been studied extensively. Birds have two nuclei at the base of the brainstem that are thought to be homologous to the pontine nuclei of mammals, the medial and lateral pontine nuclei (PM, PL). Additionally, birds are unique in that they have a pretectal nucleus called the medial spiriform nucleus (SpM) that, like the pontine nuclei, also receives projections from the forebrain and projects to the oculomotor cerebellum (OCb; folia VI to VIII). The OCb also receives input from the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (LM), which analyzes visual optic flow information resulting from self‐movement. In this study, we used single or double injections of fluorescent tracers to study the organization of these inputs from PM, PL, SpM and LM to the OCb in pigeons. We found that these inputs follow a zonal organization. The most medial zone in the OCb, zone A1, receives bilateral inputs from the lateral SpM, PL and LM. Zones A2 and C receive a bilateral projection from the medial SpM, and a mostly contralateral projection from PM and LM. We discuss how the pathway to zone A1 processes mainly visuo‐motor information to spinal premotor areas, whereas the pathways to zone A2/C processes somato‐motor and visuo‐motor information and may have a feedback/modulatory role.
Maladaptive schemas of patients with functional neurological symptom disorder
Authors: Stroink Luuk , Mens Ellen , Ooms Martijn H. P. , Visser Sako 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe psychological underpinnings of functional neurological symptom disorders (FNSD) remain poorly understood. A disintegration of explicit and implicit information processing in patients with FNSD has previously been suggested; however, this suggestion has so far received little empirical support. Trauma and maladaptive schemas probably reinforce disintegration in FNSD. The present study explored the occurrence of maladaptive schemas and investigated the impact of trauma‐related maladaptive schemas in patients with FNSD.MethodsForty‐eight FNSD patients were assessed at the start of treatment using the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ‐2) to explore maladaptive schemas. The Life Event Checklist (LEC‐5) and the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5) were used to explore trauma states, and the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP‐68) was used to measure health dysfunction.ResultsThe self‐sacrifice schema scored within a clinically relevant range where no increased scores were found in other maladaptive schemas. Linear regression models showed a positive association between mistrust/abuse and severity of health dysfunction.DiscussionResults suggest that maladaptive schemas play a modest role in FNSD at the start of treatment. It is suggested to examine the occurrence of maladaptive schemas in FNS‐disordered patients with a longitudinal design.
Predicting and preventing dropout in research, assessment and treatment with refugees
Authors: Semmlinger Verena , Ehring Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRefugees and asylum seekers are exposed to multiple burdensome experiences and suffer from ongoing post‐migration stressors that are known to affect the physical and mental health. In psychological treatment offered to refugees and asylum seekers, dropout is an important challenge. The current practice‐oriented review aims to provide for the first time knowledge on the prevalence, prediction and prevention of dropout in psychological treatment for refugees and asylum seekers. Due to the limited empirical evidence for this specific population, we synthesized refugee‐specific research but also reviewed the existing evidence on dropout from treatment in general and specifically discuss how the findings can be adapted to refugee populations. The review integrates literature from online databases, grey literature, hand search and expert contacts. Prevalence rates of dropout from psychological treatment in Western samples are reported at about 20%. For refugees and asylum seekers, evidence from single efficacy trials showed considerable variability in dropout rates (0%–64.7%). Further, for refugees and asylum seekers, specific sociodemographic variables, high initial impairment, deviating expectations and perceptions of mental health and psychological treatment, as well as external barriers seem to be important predictors for dropout. To prevent dropout, it is important to develop and promote cultural competencies, adapt the treatment to refugee‐specific needs and focus on role induction, preparation for treatment, fostering the therapeutic alliance and strengthening hope. Future specific research on dropout in treatment offered to refugees and asylum seekers is needed.
A Study on the Crystal Transformation Relationships of Valacyclovir Hydrochloride Polymorphs: Sesquihydrate, Form I, and Form II
Authors: Wu Yan‐Fang , Zhang Hao , Wang Nai‐Xing , Chen Tian , Liu Yan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractValacyclovir hydrochloride is a kind of antiviral drug and has several crystal forms including sesquihydrate (SH), anhydrous Form I, and Form II. Here, the dehydration process of SH by heat drying is investigated by powder X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry analysis, vapor sorption analysis, and ReactRaman spectroscopy, and the dehydration and absorption of crystal water are revealed. The transformations of SH to Form I, Form II to Form I, and SH to Form II in aqueous ethanol suspension are monitored by ReactRaman spectroscopy, and the mechanisms of two different transition processes are defined through the analysis of ReactRaman spectra. The crystal transformation relationship of the mentioned forms is established.
Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected children attending the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Clinic in Cape Town
Authors: Mulder Riaan , Mohamed Nadia , Mathiba Olorato 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveInvestigation of the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected children undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).Materials and MethodsCross‐sectional study of 66 HIV seropositive children, comprised of 28 (42.4%) females and 38 (57.6%) males (average age of 6 years). Study participants all required data regarding CD4+ T‐helper cell counts and the viral load. All participants underwent an orofacial clinical examination by calibrated clinicians. Associations between the presence of oral mucosal lesions, CD4+ cell counts, and viral load were analyzed using Poisson regression.ResultsThe prevalence of oral manifestations was detected in 21 children (31.8%). Oral lesions were detected in 16 children with viral load copies <50 cells/mm3 and 22 children with CD4+ counts >500 cells/mm3. Predominant lesions identified included angular cheilitis (36.7%), candidiasis (13.3%) and atypical oral ulcers (13.3%). The presence of one lesion was the most prevalent represented by 19 children. Oral lesions in relation to the CD4+ counts >500 resulted in; 14 children with one oral lesion, 5 with two lesions and 3 with three oral mucosal lesions. The other half of this CD4+ count patient group presented with no oral mucosal lesions. Oral lesions in relation Viral load copies <50 resulted in; 9 children with one oral lesion, 3 with two oral mucosal lesions and 4 with three oral mucosal lesions. The other half of this Viral load patient group presented with no oral mucosal lesions. No significant correlations were established between the presence of oral mucosal lesions and low CD4+ counts (p = 0.715) nor with high viral load counts (p = 0.638).ConclusionHIV‐related oral mucosal lesions still presented in the participants despite management with HAART. Based on the results, CD4+ counts and viral load does not appear to be suitable markers of orofacial involvement in children.
A generalized model of coupled oscillator phase‐noise response
Authors: Djurhuus Torsten , Krozer Viktor 
Published: September 2021

SummaryModel frameworks, based on Floquet theory, have been shown to produce effective tools for accurately predicting phase‐noise response of single (free‐running) oscillator systems. This method of approach, referred to herein as macro‐modeling, has been discussed in several highly influential papers and now constitutes an established branch of modern circuit theory. The increased application of, for example, injection‐locked oscillators and oscillator arrays in modern communication systems has subsequently exposed the demand for similar rigorous analysis tools aimed at coupled oscillating systems. This paper presents a novel solution in terms of a macro‐model characterizing the phase‐response of synchronized coupled oscillator circuits and systems perturbed by weak noise sources. The framework is generalized and hence applicable to all circuit configurations and coupling topologies generating a synchronized steady‐state. It advances and replaces the phenomenological descriptions currently found in the published literature pertaining to this topic and, as such, represents a significant breakthroughw.r.t. coupled oscillator noise modeling. The proposed model is readily implemented numerically using standard routines.
MSN‐CDF: New community detection framework to improve routing in mobile social networks
Authors: Moradi Saeed , Mohasefi Jamshid Bagherzadeh , Mahdipour Ebrahim 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIn mobile social networks (MSN), portable devices of mobile users communicate with each other. The contact and intercontact times are the two most important parameters that specify the behavior of MSN. Many social features such as similarity, centrality, closeness, and distance are derived from contact and intercontact time patterns. Those parameters and features can be used in the community detection process in community‐based routing as a vector weight of network graph edges. But there is no solution for proper exploitation of them as a multicriteria optimization of community detection algorithms so that the communities become more adaptive with the MSN quiddity and the computational complexity of the algorithms to be stay constant. In this paper, we propose the MSN‐adaptive community detection framework, MSN‐CDF, which meets these demands. We improve the quality function of community detection methods, for example, the Intensity in clique percolation methods and the Modularity in modularity‐based methods, through our new model‐based joint optimization of their quality functions. To this end, to express the MSN contact and social features, we develop a criterion called MCSF. It holds the contact time and intercontact time distributions parameters and implies their social features for MSN purposes. This criterion has as little traffic as possible and enjoys from the probabilistic joint distribution model. The simulations show that MSN‐CDF reduces the network overhead significantly compared with the DiBUBB, Epidemic, and Dynamic Routing. Moreover, it outperforms DiBUBB and Dynamic Routing in terms of delivery rate and delivery latency.