bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membrane expression and significance of TRAIL death receptors DR4 and DR5 in Pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yadav Dipesh Kumar , Wang Ze Sheng , Hua Yong Fei , Lu Cai De 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor related-apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a powerful and selective activator of apoptosis in many cancer cells. We aim to investigate the expression and significance of TRAIL death receptor DR4 and DR5 in pancreatic cancer (PC) tissues.
Method: Twenty-eight histologically verified samples of PC tissue were collected between 2018 and 2019. TRAIL death receptor expression profiles were determined by immunohistochemistry.
Result: Death receptor DR4 and DR5 were expressed in the PC tissue and the adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissues, the expression of DR4 and DR5 in the PC tissue was significantly higher than that of the adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissues (p<0.05). Additionally, in both the tissue group, the expression of DR4 was significantly stronger than the DR5 (p<0.05). To assess the relationship between DR4 and DR5 expression, differentiation, and tumor staging of PC, the result reveals that the expression of DR4 and DR5 was significantly higher in stage I tumors than the stage II, III, IV tumors (p<0.05). In contrast, the expression of DR4 and DR5 was decreased with a decrease in the degree of differentiation of tumors. However, the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The membrane expression of TRAIL death receptor DR4 and DR5 is greater in PC than in the adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissues. Furthermore, increased membrane expression of TRAIL death receptor DR4 and DR5 in stage I PC and well-differentiated PC may predict the prognosis and feasibility of using TRAIL gene therapy as a treatment option for early PC.
Knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among the doctors of Patan Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Bhatt Prashant Raj , Paudel Ujjawal , Koirala Tapendra , Shrestha Purnima , Mishra Ujjwal Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Hand hygiene is the most effective infection prevention measure. This research aims to find out the knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among the doctors of major departments of Patan Hospital.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors of selected departments of Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. The knowledge of hand hygiene was assessed using a WHO knowledge questionnaire. The practice was assessed using a WHO observation checklist. The data was recorded in Epi-info and the analysis was done for knowledge score and compliance with practice using SPSS v15. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result: A total of 104 (98%) of the participants completed each part (knowledge and practice) of the study. The overall mean score (± SD) was 64% ± 8 on knowledge questions about hand hygiene. Knowledge of hand hygiene was not significantly different among departments (p=0.351) and gender (p=0.994). Out of 1022 opportunities, the compliance of hand hygiene among the doctors was 532(52%). The highest compliance for hand hygiene was after exposure to body fluids 93%. The mean time taken for hand rub was 8 seconds and the mean steps performed were 4 out of 8. Compliance with hand hygiene was statistically significant among departments (p= 0.001). However, it was not statistically significant among gender(p=0.198).
Conclusion: Participants performed relatively well with a moderate score (64%) on knowledge questions but it was not reflected in practice (overall compliance 52%). The majority performed hand hygiene after body fluid exposure (93%) and after touching patients (64%).
Safety and efficacy of microscope-assisted thyroidectomy
Authors: Sigdel Brihaspati , Neupane Bhima , Dubey Tulika , Maharjan Rajesh , Sah Kuseshwor 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Due to closely related structures like recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid gland, thyroid surgery becomes challenging. Microscope assisted surgery has better visualization for dissection, and decreases the risk of injury to the nerve, parathyroid gland, and its vascular pedicle. Hence it decreases the operative complications.
Method: This is a retrospective study of microscope-assisted thyroidectomy at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal from January 2017 to December 2019. Ethical approval was obtained from Institutional review committee. Types of surgery, postoperative hypocalcemia and recurrent laryngeal nerve function were analyzed descriptively.
Result: Out of total 48 microscope assisted thyroidectomy, 41 were female, 42(87.5%) benign pathology, 6(12.5.%) malignant. Hemithyroidectomy was done in 40(83.4%), total thyroidectomy 4 (8.2%), total thyroidectomy with neck dissection 3(6.3%), and completion thyroidectomy with neck dissection in 1(2.1%). Among total thyroidectomies, transient hypocalcemia occurred in 2(4.2%) and temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in 1(2.1%). No complication occurred in hemithyroidectomies.
Conclusion: Microscope-assisted thyroidectomy is a safe procedure which leads to reduced complication of hypocalcemia and recurrent never palsy.
Knowledge regarding prevention of post traumatic compartment syndrome of limbs among nurses of a teaching hospital
Authors: Pokharel Kalpana 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Acute compartment syndrome is a serious complication of limb trauma. This is associated with significant morbidity if not diagnosed and treated urgently and effectively on time. Nurses’ Knowledge regarding compartment syndrome is one of the important measures for early diagnosis and prevention. This study aims to assess the knowledge regarding the prevention of post-traumatic compartment syndrome of limbs among nurses of a Teaching Hospital.
Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding the prevention of post-traumatic compartment syndrome of limbs at Patan Hospital, Nepal from 12 August to 7 September 2018. Total enumerative sampling technique was used among nurses from surgical, orthopedic, private, and emergency. Data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 16.
Result: Out of 90 nurses, 38(42.22%) had an adequate level of knowledge, 29(32.22%) had a moderate level of knowledge and 23(25.56%) had an inadequate level of knowledge regarding the prevention of post-traumatic compartment syndrome of limbs. There was no significant association between age, level of education, working experience, working area, and level of knowledge. Working experience in the orthopedic ward had a significant association with the level of knowledge.
Conclusion: Nearly half of the respondents had an adequate level of knowledge regarding the prevention of post-traumatic compartment syndrome of limbs. Nurses working in the orthopedic ward had a good level of knowledge than working in other words.
Factors affecting the choice of contraceptives among married women of reproductive age
Authors: Khatry Roshani Agrawal , Ghimmire Nirmala , Joshi Shrestha Rashmi , Sherpa Awasthi Mamata , Shrestha Niran 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Family planning refers to a conscious effort by a couple to limit or space the number of children through the use of contraceptive methods. This study aims to identify the factors affecting the choice of contraceptives among married women of reproductive age.
Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted among 326 samples at Family Planning Sansthagat Clinic, Lalitpur from July to September 2017. Face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Association between married women’s socio-demographic variables with the factors affecting the choice of contraceptives were analyzed. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Board of Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine.
Result: The study revealed that 100% of the respondents had known about condoms and pills as contraceptives methods. 314(96.3%) of the respondents were using a modern method of family planning. Among them, 186(59.2%) were using an implant. One hundred and seventy-three women (53.1%) had started using contraceptives after the birth of their first child. 142(43.6%) stated that they discontinued using some contraceptives in the past. The main reason for discontinuation was due to side effects of 70(49.3%). Purposes of using contraceptives, preference for child sex are the significant factors for the choice of contraceptives.
Conclusion: This study result revealed that most of the respondents were using a modern method and among them, Implant was the most practiced family planning method. Women’s active involvement in decision-making regarding the use of contraceptives can play an important role in its utilization.
Knowledge and attitude regarding legal and ethical aspects in nursing among nurses in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Nepal
Authors: Rimal Himala 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Health care laws and ethics serve as a hallmark in maintaining the equilibrium in the delivery of health care services. The study aimed to find out the knowledge and attitude regarding the legal and ethical aspects of nursing.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal, from July to August 2017. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to find out knowledge and attitude regarding legal and ethical aspects in nursing and relation to the demographics- age, an academic qualification in nursing, year of experiences, designation, and place of work in different departments of the hospital. Ethical approval was obtained. Data were analyzed using SPSS, Chi-square test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the association.
Result: Findings revealed that among 200 nurses, 26.0% had good knowledge (score >75%), 62.0% average knowledge (score 50%-75%) and 12.0% poor knowledge (score <50%) regarding legal and ethical aspects in nursing. Similarly, 64.5% of nurses had a favourable attitude (score >50%) while 35.5% had an unfavourable attitude on legal and ethical aspects. Knowledge and attitude had no statistically significant association with demographic variables.
Conclusion: Most of the nurses had an average level of knowledge and more than half of them had a favourable attitude regarding legal and ethical aspects of nursing.
Knowledge and practice among nurses regarding breastfeeding in a hospital with baby-friendly hospital initiative
Authors: Timalsina Indira 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The baby-friendly hospital initiative is a global program launched by WHO and UNICEF in 1991 to encourage hospitals, mainly maternity wards to implement practices that protect, promote, and support breastfeeding. This study aimed to assess Knowledge and Practice regarding breastfeeding of BFHI among Nurses.
Method: A cross-sectional analytical study design was used among nurses of Maternity, Children, Gynaecology, and Postpartum wards of Patan Hospital, from January 2019 to February 2020. Data on knowledge of baby-friendly hospital initiative and breastfeeding was collected by using a self-administered structured questionnaire and practice of breastfeeding by observation checklist. Descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (Chi-square, normality test, and Spearman’s rank correlation) statistics were used for data analysis with SPSS version 20.
Result: The findings show that out of 100 nurses surveyed, more than half (58%) of the respondents had a good level of knowledge and less than one-fourth (23.8%) had a good level of practice of breastfeeding. There was no significant association between level of knowledge and baby-friendly hospital initiative in the nursing course (p=0.814), training on breastfeeding in hospital (p=0.069), or outside (p=0.944). There was a weak positive correlation between knowledge and practice of breastfeeding.
Conclusion: Compared to knowledge on breastfeeding, the practice was quite low among the nurses.
Web-based competency test model for midwifery students
Authors: Arianggara Andi Wilda , Baso Yusring Sanusi , Ramadany Sri , Manapa Esther Sanda , Usman Andi Nilawati 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to find out (1) the feasibility of the web-based competency test model, and (2) the effectiveness of the web-based competency test model towards increasing the confidence of midwifery students in facing the competency test. Research method using Research and Development (R &D) and Pre-Experiment One Group Pretest-Posttest with Purposive Sampling Technique which is as many as 45 samples. This research was conducted in the Polytechnic of Health Ministry of Makassar and Megarezky University in November 2020. The data is analyzed using statistical analysis by Wilcoxon Test. Validation test results from media experts averaged 87.9% and validation results from material experts averaged 94% which showed that web competency test model applications are very feasible to use. User validation average feasibility score of 87% of the data showed that the application of web-based competency test model is very feasible to use. The results of the effective use of web-based competency test models found that the Wilcoxon Test obtained a p-value of 0.00 < 0.05. So it can be concluded that the Web-based competency test model is feasible and effective in increasing student confidence facing the competency test.
Classification of Franchising and Specifics of Its Types in Business Operation
Authors: BULAKH Т. , PLAKHOTNIKOVA L. , HROMADSKYI R. 
Published: January 2021

The development of business can stuck in a series of problems related with market expansion, recruiting of staff in the dealer network, setting interaction channels etc. These can be dealt with by new economic mechanisms like franchising that allows for increasing the effectiveness of small business. But each of its type has advantages and shortcomings, which, if misunderstood, can cause serious risks to the operation of each partner and business on the whole. The article’s objective is to investigate criteria for classification of franchising and business specifics of its types.
It is shown that franchising can take various types and forms in business operation, depending on the classification criteria. A detailed discussion of franchising types is given, classified by character of business operation, opportunities and intentions of franchisee, strategy for franchising business expansion, number of franchising enterprises owned by one franchisee, value of franchise, existence of intermediaries between franchiser and franchisee. It is argued that the above given classification allows one to position franchising types in business operation, choose the most appropriate type of franchising or a type of interactions with partners in creating a franchising enterprise, make projections for franchising-based businesses.
It is emphasized that franchising is not an all-purpose tool for addressing all the problems of small business; it has a great many shortcomings that may be caused by possible dishonesty of a franchiser or rooted in the very nature of franchising. Two groups of shortcomings specific to franchising are discussed in detail. Advantages of the franchising system are demonstrated by comparing statistical data about the firms operated on franchising terms and by traditional methods; by highlighting the significant role of a ready-made standardized business plan provided by a franchiser to a franchisee, which helps insure the latter from business risks; and easy access of an entrepreneur deciding to launch own business (i. e. a franchisee) to bank loans.
Peculiarities and Prospects of Bank Lending to the Agriculture at the Current Phase of Economic Development in Ukraine
Authors: BONDARUK Т. , LUKASHUK М. 
Published: January 2021

It is demonstrated that the domestic agricultural sector continues to be underfunded in spite of special lending programs for agricultural producers implemented by banks and stimuli provided by international financial organizations to agricultural producers to make them introduce energy saving measures. The research objective is to review the current situation with bank lending of the agricultural sector in Ukraine and determine its main problems and prospects. The following research methods were used: induction, deduction, system approach, statistical analysis, logical generalization, graphical method.
It is shown that the bank lending in Ukraine is operating now under the pressures of the financial globalization processes and in the post-crisis condition of the bank sector, high risks and information asymmetry characterized by lack of complete and reliable information about the factors underlying business operation in various economic sectors, required for the assessment of the borrowers’ creditworthiness, and by inefficient financial and credit instruments.
A review of global practices shows that in most part of foreign countries governments support lending to agricultural producers through budget preferences or limitations imposed on the banks that can lend agricultural producers, with laying down a requirement that the loans provided to the agricultural sector must be the cheapest ones. Lending of agricultural producers in European countries is most often carried out by cooperative banks, with mortgage of lands being the main form of long-term lending. Considering the European practice, creating a specialized agrarian bank or applying economic stimuli to banks engaged in lending of the agricultural sector may be a solution of lending problems in Ukraine.
The study of specific features of bank lending to the agricultural sector at the current phase of economic development in Ukraine confirms the need for further with scientific justifications of the government support to lending processes in the agricultural sector.
Organization of Big Data in The Structure of The Digitalization Ecosystem of a Globalized Society
Authors: HOROBETS O. 
Published: January 2021

У статті зосереджено увагу на поняттях «цифровізація» та «глобалізація». Визначено основні тенденції глобалізаційних процесів, їх позитивні та негативні наслідки для суспільства. Охарактеризовано блоки цифровізаційної екосистеми. Визначено, що ті масиви даних, які наразі існують є двигуном інновацій та виступають новими, альтернативними джерелами статистичних даних для офіційної статистики. З метою усвідомлення ієрархії даних, розроблено організацію великих даних. З’ясовано, що незважаючи на усі ризики, глобалізація відкриває нові можливості для розвитку освіти, науки, медицини. розвиваючись в глобалізаційних умовах, країнам необхідно діяти консолідовано, з метою подолання глобальних проблем. Таким чином, наукова розвідка сучасного стану цифровізаційних процесів в умовах глобалізації 4.0, стали основною метою написання цієї роботи.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
Authors: Hassan Khaled 
Published: January 2021

Gastroesophageal reflux is defined as a common physiologic phenomenon encountered intermittently by a large population, especially following a feed. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) happens if the number of gastric juices that refluxes into the esophagus passes the accepted limit, making symptoms with or without correlated esophageal mucosal injury (i.e., esophagitis). Diagnosis and treatment guidelines of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were announced in 1995 and updated in 2005 and lastly reviewed in 2013 by the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG). These and other guidelines undergo periodic review. Advances continue to be made in GERD, leading us to review and revise previous guideline statements. Here we aimed to review the different updated guidelines of diagnosis and treatment of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A web-based search utilizing the advanced characteristics of different databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane electronic databases was carried out.
Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Updates, Guidelines, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Lingvocultural Specifics of the Communicative Behaviour in Arabic English-language Business Discourse
Authors: Kochetova L. A. , Al-Bayati Yassien Sh. S. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The paper studies specifics of the communicative behavior of native speakers of English and Arab speakers of English as a second language in business situations. The novelty of the study is implied by the fact that it establishes ethnocultural features of comissive speech acts in value-marked situations in the English-language business discourse. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the interest in speech acts functioning in lingvocultural perspective, which studies patterns of communicative behavior in cross-cultural situations and issues of verbal representation of speech acts in the speech of native and non-native speakers of English as they are employed in various genres and types of discourse.Methodology and sources. The study employs methods of corpus linguistics and discourse analysis interpretive method. The study is drawn on a corpus compiled of business letters written by employees of United Arab Emirates companies who speak English as a second language (LBLC). The corpus LBLC comprises 160 letters, 33 907 words. To identify cultural differences, Business Letter Corpus of 1 million words that contains letters written by British and American writers was chosen.Results and discussion. The results of cross-cultural comparison of commissive speech acts representation in value marked situations in the Learner Business Letter Corpus (LBLC) and Business Letter Corpus are presented. It has been concluded that both corpora under study display similarity as for functions of comissive speech acts in value-marked communicative situations whereas differences are revealed in the variation of lexical and grammatical choices that represent these speech acts and their pragmatics. In the BLC the situations when commissive speech acts correlate with apology the addresser commits themselves to obligation not to perform actions that are undesirable for the addressee or prevent the circumstances that might have negative consequences for the addressee. In the LBLC, following the communicative act of apology the addresser emphasizes the causes that have resulted in his failure to complete his obligations and promises to eliminate these causes. The texts in BLC employ explicit speech acts of guarantee that represent an obligation on condition that the addressee completes a certain action and emphasize the sincerity of the addresser. The texts in LBLC do not contain any instances of explicit speech acts of guarantee and the utterance is interpreted as a guarantee on the basis of declarations expressed in the letter.Conclusion. It is concluded that in cross-cultural value-marked situations speech acts implementation follows algorithms that are relevant in a given culture and display cultural specificity that can be studies by linguistic methods.