bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Set-theoretic Yang–Baxter & reflection equations and quantum group symmetries
Authors: Doikou Anastasia , Smoktunowicz Agata 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConnections between set-theoretic Yang–Baxter and reflection equations and quantum integrable systems are investigated. We show that set-theoretic R-matrices are expressed as twists of known solutions. We then focus on reflection and twisted algebras and we derive the associated defining algebra relations for R-matrices being Baxterized solutions of the A-type Hecke algebra $${\mathcal {H}}_N(q=1)$$

H
N

(
q
=
1
)

. We show in the case of the reflection algebra that there exists a “boundary” finite sub-algebra for some special choice of “boundary” elements of the B-type Hecke algebra $${\mathcal {B}}_N(q=1, Q)$$

B
N

(
q
=
1
,
Q
)

. We also show the key proposition that the associated double row transfer matrix is essentially expressed in terms of the elements of the B-type Hecke algebra. This is one of the fundamental results of this investigation together with the proof of the duality between the boundary finite subalgebra and the B-type Hecke algebra. These are universal statements that largely generalize previous relevant findings and also allow the investigation of the symmetries of the double row transfer matrix.
Intuitions, theory choice and the ameliorative character of logical theories
Authors: dos Santos César Frederico 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnti-exceptionalists about logic claim that logical methodology is not different from scientific methodology when it comes to theory choice. Two anti-exceptionalist accounts of theory choice in logic are abductivism (defended by Priest and Williamson) and predictivism (recently proposed by Martin and Hjortland). These accounts have in common reliance on pre-theoretical logical intuitions for the assessment of candidate logical theories. In this paper, I investigate whether intuitions can provide what abductivism and predictivism want from them and conclude that they do not. As an alternative to these approaches, I propose a Carnapian view on logical theorizing according to which logical theories do not simply account for pre-theoretical intuitions, but rather improve on them. In this account, logical theories are ameliorative, rather than representational.
Defective food concepts
Authors: Borghini Andrea , Piras Nicola , Serini Beatrice 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOur aim in this paper is to employ conceptual negotiation to inform a method of rethinking defective food concepts, that is concepts that fail to suitably represent a certain food-related domain or that offer representations that run counter to the interests of their users. We begin by sorting out four dimensions of a food concept: (i) the data upon which it rests and the methodology by which those data are gathered; (ii) the ontology that sustains it; (iii) the social acts that serve to negotiate and establish the concept; (iv) and the aims and values that it fosters. We then discuss the conditions that make a food concept defective, pointing out four types of defects—fragility, polarization, incoherence, and schizophrenia—which we illustrate by means of two specific examples: local food and healthy food.
Explainable recommendation: when design meets trust calibration
Authors: Naiseh Mohammad , Al-Thani Dena , Jiang Nan , Ali Raian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman-AI collaborative decision-making tools are being increasingly applied in critical domains such as healthcare. However, these tools are often seen as closed and intransparent for human decision-makers. An essential requirement for their success is the ability to provide explanations about themselves that are understandable and meaningful to the users. While explanations generally have positive connotations, studies showed that the assumption behind users interacting and engaging with these explanations could introduce trust calibration errors such as facilitating irrational or less thoughtful agreement or disagreement with the AI recommendation. In this paper, we explore how to help trust calibration through explanation interaction design. Our research method included two main phases. We first conducted a think-aloud study with 16 participants aiming to reveal main trust calibration errors concerning explainability in AI-Human collaborative decision-making tools. Then, we conducted two co-design sessions with eight participants to identify design principles and techniques for explanations that help trust calibration. As a conclusion of our research, we provide five design principles: Design for engagement, challenging habitual actions, attention guidance, friction and support training and learning. Our findings are meant to pave the way towards a more integrated framework for designing explanations with trust calibration as a primary goal.
Auswirkungen von Studienkosten auf herkunftsspezifische Ungleichheiten bei der Studienaufnahme und der Studienfachwahl
Authors: Engelhardt Carina , Lörz Markus 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungTrotz Bildungsexpansion und verschiedener bildungspolitischer Bemühungen bestehen beim Übergang ins Studium und in der Studienfachwahl bis heute erhebliche herkunftsspezifische Unterschiede. Inwieweit bildungspolitische Reformen die sozialen Ungleichheiten im Hochschulbereich verändern und welche Studierendengruppen auf solche reagieren, wurde bislang jedoch selten untersucht. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich daher am Beispiel der BAföG-Reform 1983 mit der Frage, inwieweit kostenbezogene Veränderungen den Übergang ins Studium und im Speziellen die Studienfachwahl beeinflussen. Ausgehend von kulturellen Reproduktionsprozessen und rationalen Entscheidungsprozessen werden verschiedene theoretische Erklärungsansätze skizziert und im Rahmen eines Differenz-in-Differenzen(DID)- und Regressions-Diskontinuitäts(RD)-Designs hinsichtlich ihrer empirischen Evidenz getestet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die BAföG-Reformen im Zeitraum von 1976–1986 zu einer Verstärkung der Ungleichheiten beim Übergang ins Studium geführt haben, aber bei der Studienfachwahl in die umgekehrte Richtung wirken. Aufgrund der Erhöhung der Studienkosten verzichten Studienberechtigte aus weniger privilegierten Familien zwar häufiger auf ein Studium, aber diejenigen, die sich für eine Studienaufnahme entscheiden, wählen in zunehmendem Maße lukrativere Studienrichtungen. Das Bildungsverhalten der Studienberechtigten aus privilegiertem Elternhaus wird dagegen erwartungsgemäß von der BAföG-Reform weniger stark beeinflusst.
On which common ground to build? Transferable knowledge across cases in transdisciplinary sustainability research
Authors: Wuelser Gabriela , Adler Carolina , Breu Thomas , Hirsch Hadorn Gertrude , Wiesmann Urs , Pohl Christian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo support societal problem solving, transdisciplinary research (TDR) uses knowledge co-production focusing on relevance and validity in a studied case and its particular social–ecological context. In the first instance, the resulting situated knowledge seems to be restricted to these single cases. However, if some of the knowledge generated in TDR could be used in other research projects, this would imply that there is a body of knowledge representing this special type of research. This study used a qualitative approach based on the methodology of grounded theory to empirically examine what knowledge is considered transferable to other cases, if any. 30 leaders of 12 Swiss-based TDR projects in the field of sustainable development were interviewed, representing both academia and practice. The transferable knowledge we found consists of the following: (1) Transdisciplinary principles, (2) transdisciplinary approaches, (3) systematic procedures, (4) product formats, (5) experiential know-how, (6) framings and (7) insights, data and information. The discussion of TDR has predominantly been focusing on transdisciplinary principles and approaches. In order to take knowledge co-production in TDR beyond an unmanageable field of case studies, more efforts in developing and critically discussing transferable knowledge of the other classes are needed, foremost systematic procedures, product formats and framings.
Automated Testing and Characterization of Additive Manufacturing (ATCAM)
Authors: Mazhari Arash Alex , Ticknor Randall , Swei Sean , Krzesniak Stanley , Teodorescu Mircea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe sensitivity of additive manufacturing (AM) to the variability of feedstock quality, machine calibration, and accuracy drives the need for frequent characterization of fabricated objects for a robust material process. The constant testing is fiscally and logistically intensive, often requiring coupons that are manufactured and tested in independent facilities. As a step toward integrating testing and characterization into the AM process while reducing cost, we propose the automated testing and characterization of AM (ATCAM). ATCAM is configured for fused deposition modeling (FDM) and introduces the concept of dynamic coupons to generate large quantities of basic AM samples. An in situ actuator is printed on the build surface to deploy coupons through impact, which is sensed by a load cell system utilizing machine learning (ML) to correlate AM data. We test ATCAM’s ability to distinguish the quality of three PLA feedstock at differing price points by generating and comparing 3000 dynamic coupons in 10 repetitions of 100 coupon cycles per material. ATCAM correlated the quality of each feedstock and visualized fatigue of in situ actuators over each testing cycle. Three ML algorithms were then compared, with Gradient Boost regression demonstrating a 71% correlation of dynamic coupons to their parent feedstock and provided confidence for the quality of AM data ATCAM generates.
Hypersensitivity Reactions to Platinum Agents and Taxanes
Authors: Tsao Lulu R. , Young Fernanda D. , Otani Iris M. , Castells Mariana C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to chemotherapy agents can present a serious challenge to treating patients with preferred or first-line therapies. Allergic reactions through an immunologic mechanism have been established for platinum and taxane agents, which are used to treat a wide variety of cancers including gynecologic cancers. Platin HSRs typically occur after multiple cycles of chemotherapy, reflecting the development of drug IgE sensitization, while taxane HSRs often occur on first or second exposure. Despite observed differences between platin and taxane HSRs, drug desensitization has been an effective method to reintroduce both chemotherapeutic agents safely. Skin testing is the primary diagnostic tool used to risk-stratify patients after initial HSRs, with more widespread use for platinum agents than taxanes. Different practices exist around the use of skin testing, drug challenge, and choice of desensitization protocol. Here, we review the epidemiology, mechanism, and clinical presentation of HSRs to platinum and taxane agents, as well as key controversies in their evaluation and management.
Characteristics of immune and inflammatory responses among different age groups of pediatric patients with COVID-19 in China
Authors: Ji Su-Qiong , Zhang Min , Zhang Yong , Xia Kun , Chen Yuan , Chu Qian , Wei Yong-Chang , Zhou Fu-Ling , Bu Bi-Tao , Tu Hong-Lei , Cao Ya-Yun , Hu Li-Ya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among pediatric patients are more common in children less than 1 year of age. Our aim is to address the underlying role of immunity and inflammation conditions among different age groups of pediatric patients.

Methods
We recruited pediatric patients confirmed of moderate COVID-19 symptoms, admitted to Wuhan Children's Hospital from January 28th to April 1st in 2020. Patients were divided into four age groups (≤ 1, 1–6, 7–10, and 11–15 years). Demographic information, clinical characteristics, laboratory results of lymphocyte subsets test, immune and inflammation related markers were all evaluated.

Results
Analysis included 217/241 (90.0%) of patients with moderate clinical stage disease. Average recovery time of children more than 6 years old was significantly shorter than of children younger than 6 years (P = 0.001). Reduced neutrophils and increased lymphocytes were significantly most observed among patients under 1 year old (P < 0.01). CD19+ B cells were the only significantly elevated immune cells, especially among patients under 1 year old (cell proportion: n = 12, 30.0%, P < 0.001; cell count: n = 13, 32.5%, P < 0.001). While, low levels of immune related makers, such as immunoglobulin (Ig) G (P < 0.001), IgA (P < 0.001), IgM (P < 0.001) and serum complement C3c (P < 0.001), were also mostly found among patients under 1 year old, together with elevated levels of inflammation related markers, such as tumor necrosis factor γ (P = 0.007), interleukin (IL)-10 (P = 0.011), IL-6 (P = 0.008), lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.001), and procalcitonin (P = 0.007).

Conclusion
The higher rate of severe cases and long course of COVID-19 among children under 1 year old may be due to the lower production of antibodies and serum complements of in this age group.
Cardiovascular examination using hand-held cardiac ultrasound
Authors: Jenkins Sam , Shiha Mohamed G. , Yones Eron , Wardley James , Ryding Alisdair , Sawh Chris , Flather Marcus , Morris Paul , Swift Andrew J. , Vassiliou Vassilios S. , Garg Pankaj 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEchocardiography is the first-line imaging modality for assessing cardiac function and morphology. The miniaturisation of ultrasound technology has led to the development of hand-held cardiac ultrasound (HCU) devices. The increasing sophistication of available HCU devices enables clinicians to more comprehensively examine patients at the bedside. HCU can augment clinical exam findings by offering a rapid screening assessment of cardiac dysfunction in both the Emergency Department and in cardiology clinics. Possible implications of implementing HCU into clinical practice are discussed in this review paper.
Establishment of an interdisciplinary board for bone and joint infections
Authors: Otto-Lambertz Christina , Yagdiran Ayla , Schmidt-Hellerau Kirsten , Meyer-Schwickerath Charlotte , Eysel Peer , Jung Norma 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The incidence of bone and joint infections is increasing while their treatment remains a challenge. Although guidelines and recommendations exist, evidence is often lacking and treatment complicated by complex clinical presentations and therapeutic options. Interdisciplinary boards shown to improve management of other diseases, seem potentially helpful. We describe the establishment of an osteomyelitis board to show the existing demand for such a platform.

Methods
All patients discussed in the board for bone and joint infections between October 2014 and September 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Data were extracted from patient records and analyzed descriptively.

Results
A total of 851 requests related to 563 patients were discussed in the board during the study period. After a run-in period of 3 years, a stable number of cases (> 170/year) were discussed, submitted by nearly all hospital departments (22 of 25). Recommendations were mainly related to antibiotic treatment (43%) and to diagnostics (24%). Periprosthetic joint infections were the most frequent entity (33%), followed by native vertebral osteomyelitis and other osteomyelitis. In 3% of requests, suspected infection could be excluded, in 7% further diagnostics were recommended to confirm or rule out infection.

Conclusions
A multidisciplinary board for bone and joint infections was successfully established, potentially serving as a template for further boards. Recommendations were mainly related to antibiotic treatment and further diagnostics, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary discussion to individualize and optimize treatment plans based on guidelines. Further research in needed to evaluate impact on morbidity, mortality and costs.
On trees with unique locating kernels
Authors: Bród Dorota 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA locating-dominating set of a graph G is a set D of vertices such that for every two vertices $$x,y\in V(G)\setminus D$$

x
,
y
∈
V
(
G
)
\
D

the sets $$N(x)\cap D$$

N
(
x
)
∩
D

and $$N(y)\cap D$$

N
(
y
)
∩
D

are non-empty and different. In this paper, we define the locating kernel of a graph G, i.e., a subset of its vertex set which is independent and a locating-dominating set. We provide a constructive characterization of trees with a unique locating kernel.
Implementing a Mind-Body Skills Group in Psychiatric Residency Training
Authors: Ranjbar Noshene , Erb Matt , Tomkins Julie , Taneja Krishna , Villagomez Amelia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
The burnout crisis in healthcare has led to interventions promoting resiliency and wellness among residents. One such intervention is a 10-week Mind-Body Skills Group including didactics and experiential exercises, self-expression, and small-group support. A Mind-Body Skills Group for residents and fellows in the University of Arizona-Tucson Department of Psychiatry aimed to teach skills for self-care and patient care.

Methods
In 2018–2020, 50 University of Arizona-Tucson psychiatric residents and fellows participated in Mind-Body Skills Groups. After finishing the course, 44 participants completed a survey about satisfaction with the course and its content, comfort sharing experiences with the group, use of mind-body skills for participants’ own self-care and wellness, use of these skills with patients, and likelihood of recommending the Mind-Body Skills Group to colleagues.

Results
Eighty-four percent of survey respondents were satisfied or very satisfied with the Mind-Body Skills Group. Eighty percent used skills learned in the course for their own self-care and 61% used the skills with patients on at least a weekly basis. Eighty-nine percent indicated they were likely or very likely to use mind-body skills with patients in the future. Ninety-five percent of respondents felt safe sharing personal feelings and experiences in the group, and 95% would strongly recommend or likely recommend the course to colleagues. Results for in-person and online groups were not significantly different.

Conclusions
A 10-week Mind-Body Skills Group during psychiatric residency was well received by participants. The course influenced personal health behaviors, which may bolster resiliency and reduce risk for burnout.
A Risk Characterization of Regulatory Arbitrage in Financial Markets
Authors: Minto Andrea , Prinz Stephanie , Wulff Melanie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article analyses regulatory arbitrage in financial markets from a risk-based perspective. It assesses regulatory arbitrage in terms of the risk it may pose to the attainment of a regulatory objective, in this case financial stability. Its most distinct contribution to the literature is the application of the NOAEL approach—thus far mainly used in public health literature and regulatory toxicology—to the legal analysis and management of arbitrage risks. We propose several qualitative parameters relating to the likelihood of regulatory arbitrage and the negative impact if such arbitrage should occur. The article ultimately aims to help frame the ongoing debate about policy-making and the use of risk assessment methodologies to cope with regulatory arbitrage in financial markets.
Advances and Challenges in Two-Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites Toward High-Performance Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ren Miao , Cao Sheng , Zhao Jialong , Zou Bingsuo , Zeng Ruosheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) perovskites are known as one of the most promising luminescent materials due to their structural diversity and outstanding optoelectronic properties. Compared with 3D perovskites, 2D perovskites have natural quantum well structures, large exciton binding energy (Eb) and outstanding thermal stability, which shows great potential in the next-generation displays and solid-state lighting. In this review, the fundamental structure, photophysical and electrical properties of 2D perovskite films were illustrated systematically. Based on the advantages of 2D perovskites, such as special energy funnel process, ultra-fast energy transfer, dense film and low efficiency roll-off, the remarkable achievements of 2D perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are summarized, and exciting challenges of 2D perovskite are also discussed. An outlook on further improving the efficiency of pure-blue PeLEDs, enhancing the operational stability of PeLEDs and reducing the toxicity to push this field forward was also provided. This review provides an overview of the recent developments of 2D perovskite materials and LED applications, and outlining challenges for achieving the high-performance devices."Image missing"
A phytopathometry glossary for the twenty-first century: towards consistency and precision in intra- and inter-disciplinary dialogues
Authors: Bock Clive H. , Pethybridge Sarah J. , Barbedo Jayme G. A. , Esker Paul D. , Mahlein Anne-Katrin , Del Ponte Emerson M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhytopathometry can be defined as the branch of plant pathology (phytopathology) that is concerned with estimation or measurement of the amount of plant disease expressed by symptoms of disease or signs of a pathogen on a single or group of specimens. Phytopathometry is critical for many reasons, including analyzing yield loss due to disease, breeding for disease resistance, evaluating and comparing disease control methods, understanding coevolution, and studying disease epidemiology and pathogen ecology. Phytopathometry underpins all activities in plant pathology and extends into related disciplines, such as agronomy, horticulture, and plant breeding. Considering this central role, phytopathometry warrants status as a formally recognized branch of plant pathology. The glossary defines terms and concepts used in phytopathometry based on disease symptoms or visible pathogen structures and includes those terms commonly used in the visual estimation of disease severity and sensor-based methods of disease measurement. Relevant terms from the intersecting disciplines of measurement science, statistics, psychophysics, robotics, and artificial intelligence are also included. In particular, a new, broader definition is proposed for “disease severity,” and the terms “disease measurement” and “disease estimate” are specifically defined. It is hoped that the glossary contributes to a more unified cross-discipline approach to research in, and application of the tools available to phytopathometry.