bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existing seasonal flexibility in US manufacturing energy use
Authors: Lydon John J , Ciez Rebecca E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Renewable electricity will likely play a substantial role in a decarbonized energy system, and there are well-known seasonal patterns to renewable electricity output. We can manage these seasonal fluctuations by overbuilding our electricity generation capacity, implementing seasonal storage, or managing our energy demands seasonally. If industrial processes are more integrated with the broader energy system, they could play a role in managing these seasonal patterns, as they do not directly serve life-sustaining energy demands, and their products may be stored and sold at a later date. Here, we combine GDP, manufacturing, and energy consumption data to look at how existing manufacturing facilities operate, focusing on the utilization of their operating capacity and how utilization correlates with state-level energy consumption. Of the 12 states with the largest manufacturing energy demand, we find that they use an average of 75%–81% of operating capacity between 2014–2018. In most of these states, there is a positive relationship between energy consumption and capacity utilization, and decreasing 10% of manufacturing capacity utilization could translate into energy savings that are relatively large when compared to electricity sales for the same time period, implying that seasonal ramping of industrial production could play a substantial role in adjusting to seasonal energy trends.
Panpsychism and the Depsychologization of Consciousness
Authors: Frankish Keith 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe problem of consciousness arises when we depsychologize consciousness—that is, conceptualize it in terms of phenomenal feel rather than psychological function. Panpsychism offers an elegant solution to the problem, which takes depsychologization seriously. In doing so, however, it also illustrates the perils of depsychologization. Nagasawa highlights one dead end for panpsychism, and I shall argue that there are more. Panpsychism consigns consciousness to a metaphysical limbo where it is beyond the reach of science and lacks ethical and personal significance. The moral is that we should retrace our steps and question the depsychologized conception itself.
Hardware acceleration of genomics data analysis: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Robinson Tony , Harkin Jim , Shukla Priyank 
Published: May 2021

Summary
The significant decline in the cost of genome sequencing has dramatically changed the typical bioinformatics pipeline for analysing sequencing data. Where traditionally, the computational challenge of sequencing is now secondary to genomic data analysis. Short read alignment (SRA) is a ubiquitous process within every modern bioinformatics pipeline in the field of genomics and is often regarded as the principal computational bottleneck. Many hardware and software approaches have been provided to solve the challenge of acceleration. However, previous attempts to increase throughput using many-core processing strategies have enjoyed limited success, mainly due to a dependence on global memory for each computational block. The limited scalability and high energy costs of many-core SRA implementations pose a significant constraint in maintaining acceleration. The Networks-On-Chip (NoC) hardware interconnect mechanism has advanced the scalability of many-core computing systems and, more recently, has demonstrated potential in SRA implementations by integrating multiple computational blocks such as pre-alignment filtering and sequence alignment efficiently, while minimizing memory latency and global memory access. This article provides a state of the art review on current hardware acceleration strategies for genomic data analysis, and it establishes the challenges and opportunities of utilizing NoCs as a critical building block in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies for advancing the speed of analysis.
Role of corpus callosum in sleep spindle synchronization and coupling with slow waves
Authors: Bernardi Giulio , Avvenuti Giulia , Cataldi Jacinthe , Lattanzi Simona , Ricciardi Emiliano , Polonara Gabriele , Silvestrini Mauro , Siclari Francesca , Fabri Mara , Bellesi Michele 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sleep spindles of non-REM sleep are transient, waxing-and-waning 10–16 Hz EEG oscillations, whose cortical synchronization depends on the engagement of thalamo-cortical loops. However, previous studies in animal models lacking the corpus callosum due to agenesis or total callosotomy and in humans with agenesis of the corpus callosum suggested that cortico-cortical connections may also have a relevant role in cortical (inter-hemispheric) spindle synchronization. Yet, most of these works did not provide direct quantitative analyses to support their observations. By studying a rare sample of callosotomized, split-brain patients, we recently demonstrated that the total resection of the corpus callosum is associated with a significant reduction in the inter-hemispheric propagation of non-REM slow waves. Interestingly, sleep spindles are often temporally and spatially grouped around slow waves (0.5–4 Hz), and this coordination is thought to have an important role in sleep-dependent learning and memory consolidation. Given these premises, here we set out to investigate whether total callosotomy may affect the generation and spreading of sleep spindles, as well as their coupling with sleep slow waves. To this aim, we analysed overnight high-density EEG recordings (256 electrodes) collected in five patients who underwent total callosotomy due to drug-resistant epilepsy (age 40–53, two females), three non-callosotomized neurological patients (age 44–66, two females), and in a sample of 24 healthy adult control subjects (age 20–47, 13 females). Individual sleep spindles were automatically detected using a validated algorithm and their properties and topographic distributions were computed. All analyses were performed with and without a regression-based adjustment accounting for inter-subject age differences. The comparison between callosotomized patients and healthy subjects did not reveal systematic variations in spindle density, amplitude or frequency. However, callosotomized patients were characterized by a reduced spindle duration, which could represent the result of a faster desynchronization of spindle activity across cortical areas of the two hemispheres. In contrast with our previous findings regarding sleep slow waves, we failed to detect in callosotomized patients any clear, systematic change in the inter-hemispheric synchronization of sleep spindles. In line with this, callosotomized patients were characterized by a reduced extension of the spatial association between temporally coupled spindles and slow waves. Our findings are consistent with a dependence of spindles on thalamo-cortical rather than cortico-cortical connections in humans, but also revealed that, despite their temporal association, slow waves and spindles are independently regulated in terms of topographic expression.
Joint IARC/NCI International Cancer Seminar Series Report: expert consensus on future directions for ovarian carcinoma research
Authors: Virani Shama , Baiocchi Glauco , Bowtell David , Cabasag Citadel J , Cho Kathleen R , Fortner Renée T , Fujiwara Keiichi , Kim Jae-Weon , Köbel Martin , Kurtz Jean-Emmanuel , Levine Douglas A , Menon Usha , Norquist Barbara M , Pharoah Paul D P , Sood Anil K , Tworoger Shelley T , Wentzensen Nicolas , Chanock Stephen J , Brennan Paul , Trabert Britton 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recently, ovarian cancer research has evolved considerably because of the emerging recognition that rather than a single disease, ovarian carcinomas comprise several different histotypes that vary by etiologic origin, risk factors, molecular profiles, therapeutic approaches and clinical outcome. Despite significant progress in our understanding of the etiologic heterogeneity of ovarian cancer, as well as important clinical advances, it remains the eighth most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide and the most fatal gynecologic cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer and the United States National Cancer Institute jointly convened an expert panel on ovarian carcinoma to develop consensus research priorities based on evolving scientific discoveries. Expertise ranged from etiology, prevention, early detection, pathology, model systems, molecular characterization and treatment/clinical management. This report summarizes the current state of knowledge and highlights expert consensus on future directions to continue advancing etiologic, epidemiologic and prognostic research on ovarian carcinoma.
Serial Intervals and Case Isolation Delays for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ali Sheikh Taslim , Yeung Amy , Shan Songwei , Wang Lin , Gao Huizhi , Du Zhanwei , Xu Xiao-Ke , Wu Peng , Lau Eric H Y , Cowling Benjamin J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Estimates of the serial interval distribution contribute to our understanding of the transmission dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we aimed to summarize the existing evidence on serial interval distributions and delays in case isolation for COVID-19.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of the published literature and preprints in PubMed on 2 epidemiological parameters, namely, serial intervals and delay intervals relating to isolation of cases for COVID-19 from 1 January 2020 to 22 October 2020 following predefined eligibility criteria. We assessed the variation in these parameter estimates using correlation and regression analysis.

Results
Of 103 unique studies on serial intervals of COVID-19, 56 were included, providing 129 estimates. Of 451 unique studies on isolation delays, 18 were included, providing 74 estimates. Serial interval estimates from 56 included studies varied from 1.0 to 9.9 days, while case isolation delays from 18 included studies varied from 1.0 to 12.5 days, which were associated with spatial, methodological, and temporal factors. In mainland China, the pooled mean serial interval was 6.2 days (range, 5.1–7.8) before the epidemic peak and reduced to 4.9 days (range, 1.9–6.5) after the epidemic peak. Similarly, the pooled mean isolation delay related intervals were 6.0 days (range, 2.9–12.5) and 2.4 days (range, 2.0–2.7) before and after the epidemic peak, respectively. There was a positive association between serial interval and case isolation delay.

Conclusions
Temporal factors, such as different control measures and case isolation in particular, led to shorter serial interval estimates over time. Correcting transmissibility estimates for these time-varying distributions could aid mitigation efforts.
Community Mortality Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Argentina: Population-based Surveillance Study
Authors: Caballero Mauricio T , Bianchi Alejandra M , Grigaites Sebastian Diaz , De la Iglesia Niveyro Paola X , Nuño Alejandra , Valle Sandra , Afarian Gabriela , Esperante Sebastian A , Ferretti Adrian J P , Jares Baglivo Sofia , De Luca Julian , Alvarez-Paggi Damian , Diamanti Adriana , Bassat Quique , Polack Fernando P ,   RSV mortality network, Zea Cristian M , Caporal Paula , Rakislova Natalia , Varo Rosauro , Hurtado Juan Carlos , Dabbah Marcelo Isaac , Carballo Ana María , Madrid Lorena , Ares Patricia , Hernandez Gabriela , Basanta Lucas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Many deaths in infants from low-middle income countries (LMICs) occur at home or upon arrival to health facilities. Although acute lower respiratory tract illness plays an important role in community mortality, the accuracy of mortality rates due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains unknown.

Methods
An active surveillance study among children aged under 5 years old (U5) was performed in Buenos Aires, Argentina, between January and December 2019, to define the burden and role of RSV in childhood community mortality.

Results
A total of 63 families of children U5 participated in the study. Based on a combined approach of tissue sampling, verbal autopsies, and expert’s analysis, RSV infection was found in the causal chain of 11 from 12 cases with positive molecular biology results in respiratory samples. The estimated mortality rate due to RSV among infants was 0.27 deaths/1000 live births. The mean age of RSV-related household deaths was 2.8 months of age (standard deviation [SD] 1.7), and 8/12 were male infants (66.7%). Dying at home from RSV was associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae and/or Moraxella catarrhalis lung coinfection (75%), living in slums and settlement (odds ratio [OR], 17.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–219.2), and other underlying comorbidities (OR, 14.87; 95% CI, 1.3–164.6).

Conclusions
Infant community mortality rates due to RSV are higher than those reported in industrialized countries and similar to those reported in hospital-based studies in the same catchment population.
Ustekinumab in Paediatric Patients with Moderately to Severely Active Crohn’s Disease: Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy Results from UniStar, a Phase 1 Study
Authors: Rosh Joel R , Turner Dan , Griffiths Anne , Cohen Stanley A , Jacobstein Douglas , Adedokun Omoniyi J , Padgett Lakshmi , Terry Natalie A , O’Brien Christopher , Hyams Jeffrey S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
The objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety/tolerability, and efficacy of ustekinumab in children with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease.

Methods
In this Phase 1, multicentre, 16-week, double-blind, induction dose-ranging study [NCT02968108], patients aged 2-&lt;18 years [body weight ≥10 kg] were randomised [1:1] to one of two weight range-based intravenous induction doses: 130 mg vs 390 mg in patients ≥40kg and 3 mg/kg vs 9 mg/kg in patients &lt;40kg. At Week 8, all patients received a single subcutaneous ustekinumab maintenance dose of 90 mg in patients ≥40kg or 2 mg/kg in patients &lt;40kg.

Results
A total of 44 patients were randomised and treated with ustekinumab [n = 23 lower dose; n = 21 higher dose]; median [interquartile range] age was 13.0 [12–16] years. Pharmacokinetics were similar to those in adults with Crohn’s disease. However, serum ustekinumab concentrations were lower among those with body weight &lt;40 kg compared with patients ≥40 kg and the reference Phase 3 adult population. Through Week 16, 73% of patients reported ≥1 adverse event [82.6% lower vs 62% higher dose]; two discontinued due to adverse events [one in each group]. Serious adverse events occurred in 16% [26% lower, 5% higher dose], with Crohn’s disease exacerbation being the most frequent. At Week 16, 22%/29% [lower/higher dose] achieved clinical remission [Paediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index ≤10].

Conclusions
The pharmacokinetics/safety profiles were generally consistent with those observed in adults with Crohn’s disease. These results suggest a different dosing regimen may be required for patients &lt;40 kg from that employed in this study; additional pharmacokinetic analyses may be needed in this population.
May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Australia
Authors: Carnagarin Revathy , Yang Jun , Critchley Sue , Picone Dean , Tan Isabella , Marques Francine Z , Cowley Diane , Fernando Mario , Beaney Thomas , Trengrove Naomi , Omelczuk Salima , Poulter Neil R , Brockman Derrin , Schlaich Markus P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
May Measurement Month (MMM) is an annual global blood pressure (BP) screening campaign aimed at obtaining standardized BP measurements and other relevant health information from members of the community to increase awareness of elevated BP and the associated risks. Adults (≥18 years) were recruited through opportunistic sampling across the various Australian states during May 2019. Three BP readings were recorded in a standardized manner for each participant, and data on lifestyle factors and comorbidities were collected. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg, or a diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg (according to the MMM protocol) or taking antihypertensive medication. Multiple imputation was used to estimate participants’ mean BP where three readings were not available. Of the 2877 participants, 901 (31.3%) had hypertension of whom 455 (50.5%) were aware of their condition, and 366 (40.6%) were on antihypertensive medication. Of those taking antihypertensive medication, 54.3% were controlled to &lt;140/90 mmHg with the remaining 45.7% of participants inadequately treated. Approximately 74% of treated patients were on a single antihypertensive medication. The MMM campaign provides an important platform for standardized compilation of BP data and creation of BP awareness in Australia and other nations worldwide. Data from the 2019 MMM campaign highlight that BP control rates in Australia remain unacceptably low.
May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Hungary
Authors: Nemcsik János , Páll Dénes , Nemes-Nagy Zsuzsanna , Bacskai Mária , Kovács Tibor , Benczúr Béla , Kiss Attila , Ábrahám György , Barna István , Beaney Thomas , Clarke Jonathan , Poulter Neil R , Járai Zoltán 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are not only the leading causes of mortality in Hungary but also the mortality rate is twice as high as the European Union average, so screening programmes identifying subjects with elevated blood pressure (BP) are of utmost importance. May Measurement Month (MMM) is an annual global initiative that began in 2017 aimed at raising awareness of high BP. Hungary joined the 3rd campaign of MMM in 2019 and an overview of the results are presented in this paper. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of participants aged ≥18 years was carried out in May 2019. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg or treatment for hypertension, statistical analysis followed the standard MMM protocol. In Hungary, 55 sites were set up in primary and secondary care facilities, in pharmacies, and in malls across all regions, in both cities and villages. Out of 2766 individuals screened, 1286 participants (46.5%) had hypertension. Out of 1869 participants not on antihypertensive medication, 389 (20.8%) had elevated BP. In the case of treated individuals (n = 897), 420 (46.8%) had uncontrolled hypertension. Almost every 2nd subject of the screened cohort had hypertension (treated and controlled, treated and uncontrolled, or untreated). In the untreated cohort, every 5th subject had elevated BP, whilst among patients on antihypertensive medication, every second had uncontrolled BP. By identifying almost one-third of the whole screened cohort with the possibility of newly diagnosed or uncontrolled hypertension, our results confirm the importance of BP screening campaigns.
May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Republic of the Congo
Authors: Ellenga-Mbolla Bertrand , Makani-Bassakouahou Jospin , Landa Christian Kouala , Monabeka Mary-Gaby , Ossou-Nguiet Paul-Macaire , Ngamami Solange Mongo , Sinomono Tony Eyeni , Bouithy Sabrine , Ikama Stéphane-Méo , Ngouma Arlette , Monabeka Henri G , Ngolo-Letomo Kivié , Beaney Thomas , Clarke Jonathan , Poulter Neil R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the proportion with hypertension among an opportunistic sample of the population of the Republic of the Congo. Screening was conducted during the period from 15 May to 15 June 2019. Participants included, consenting persons 18 years of age and over, from five cities: Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, Oyo, Owando, and Ouesso. In total, 3157 participants were screened as part of the campaign. The mean age was 44.7 years (SD: ±14.9), and 47% were male. Based on the total participants, 881 (27.9%) were overweight and 447 (14.2%) were obese. A total of 583 (18.5%) participated in MMM 2017 or 2018 screenings. The proportion with hypertension was 33.5% (n = 1057), 42.6% of those were aware and 37.3% were taking antihypertensive medication. Of the participants on treatment, 62.4% were controlled (&lt;140/90 mmHg). Overall, 23.3% of patients with hypertension were controlled. After imputation, the proportions with hypertension were 30.1% (n = 1475) according to standardized age and sex. Obesity (P &lt; 0.001) and alcohol intake (P &lt; 0.001) were associated with higher BP compared with normal weight and non-drinkers, respectively. With regards to the social disparities of the different regions of Congo, large scale screening is necessary, in order to report the real situation of hypertension. This will improve the overall management policy for this condition in our country.
May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Taiwan
Authors: Lin Hung-Ju , Pan Heng-Yu , Beaney Thomas , Partington Giles , Poulter Neil R , Chen Wen-Jone , Wang Tzung-Dau 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To bolster the awareness of high blood pressure (BP) and to monitor the trend of hypertension control rate. Similar to May Measurement Month (MMM) 2017 and 2018 campaigns, we conducted the MMM 2019 campaign in 643 community pharmacies across Taiwan, and recruited adults aged 20 years or over in May and June of 2019. After filling in an anonymous questionnaire regarding medical history and lifestyle habits and having 10-min sitting rest, pharmacists took triplicate upper-arm BP readings on participants using an automated oscillometric sphygmomanometer. The means of the second and third BP readings were used as the screening BP estimates. Hypertension was defined if one of the followings was met: use of antihypertensive medications, systolic BP ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg. Controlled BP was defined as BP of &lt;140/90 mmHg. Of the 24 851 participants enrolled (mean age, 55.8 ± 15.2 years), 12 427 (50.0%) were women. Among 12 351 (49.7%) participants with hypertension, 10 463 (84.7%) were aware of their high BP, and 10 142 (82.1%) received antihypertensive medications. While 59.2% of all hypertensive participants had controlled BP, the BP control rate was 72.0% in treated hypertensive participants. MMM campaigns offer a feasible way to monitor the trends in both awareness and control of hypertension. This nationwide annual BP screening campaign, from 2017 to 2019, demonstrated continued improvement in hypertension control in Taiwan.
May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Mauritius
Authors: Kowlessur Sudhirsen , Ori Bhoosun , Heecharan Jaysing , Xia Xin , Poulter Neil R , Beaney Thomas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hypertension is a growing burden worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 1.13 billion people worldwide suffer from hypertension. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative of the International Society of Hypertension aimed at raising awareness of high blood pressure (BP) and to act as a temporary solution to the lack of screening programmes worldwide. We provide the results of the 2019 MMM (MMM19) edition in Mauritius. This cross-sectional survey of participants aged ≥ 18 years was carried out in May 2019. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP of at least 140 mmHg or diastolic BP of at least 90 mmHg or in those on antihypertensive medication. Blood pressure measurement and statistical analysis followed the standard MMM protocol. Screening was conducted by the Non-Communicable Diseases and Health Promotion Unit, which is under the aegis of the Ministry of Health and Wellness, mainly in workplaces and community centres, in both rural and urban areas across Mauritius. Of the 8262 individuals screened, after multiple imputations, 950 (14%) had untreated hypertension. May Measurement Month 2019 was the largest BP screening campaign undertaken in Mauritius. These results suggest that MMM19 is useful in the identification of potential patients with raised BP.