bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the clinical performance of noninvasive prenatal testing at a Japanese laboratory
Authors: Sasaki Yuna , Yamada Takahiro , Tanaka Shiro , Sekizawa Akihiko , Hirose Tatsuko , Suzumori Nobuhiro , Kaji Takashi , Kawaguchi Satoshi , Hasuo Yasuyuki , Nishizawa Haruki , Matsubara Keiichi , Hamanoue Haruka , Fukushima Akimune , Endo Masayuki , Yamaguchi Masayuki , Kamei Yoshimasa , Sawai Hideaki , Miura Kiyonori , Ogawa Masaki , Tairaku Shinya , Nakamura Hiroaki , Sanui Ayako , Mizuuchi Masahito , Okamoto Yoko , Kitagawa Michihiro , Kawano Yukie , Masuyama Hisashi , Murotsuki Jun , Osada Hisao , Kurashina Ryuhei , Samura Osamu , Ichikawa Mayuko , Sasaki Rumi , Maeda Kazuhisa , Kasai Yasuyo , Yamazaki Tomomi , Neki Reiko , Hamajima Naoki , Katagiri Yukiko , Izumi Shunichiro , Nakayama Setsuko , Miharu Norio , Yokohama Yuko , Hirose Masaya , Kawakami Kosuke , Ichizuka Kiyotake , Sase Masakatsu , Sugimoto Kohei , Nagamatsu Takeshi , Shiga Tomomi , Tashima Lena , Taketani Takeshi , Matsumoto Mariko , Hamada Hironori , Watanabe Takafumi , Okazaki Tetsuya , Iwamoto Sadahiko , Katsura Daisuke , Ikenoue Nobuo , Kakinuma Toshiyuki , Hamada Hiromi , Egawa Makiko , Kasamatsu Atsushi , Ida Akinori , Kuno Naohiko , Kuji Naoaki , Ito Mika , Morisaki Hiroko , Tanigaki Shinji , Hayakawa Hiromi , Miki Akinori , Sasaki Shoko , Saito Makoto , Yamada Naoki , Sasagawa Toshiyuki , Tanaka Toshitaka , Hirahara Fumiki , Kosugi Shinji , Sago Haruhiko ,   Japan N. I. P. T. Consortium
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimWe aimed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in high‐risk pregnant women.MethodsPregnant women who underwent GeneTech NIPT, the most commonly used NIPT in Japan, between January 2015 and March 2019, at Japan NIPT Consortium medical sites were recruited for this study. The exclusion criteria were as follows: pregnant women with missing survey items, multiple pregnancy/vanishing twins, chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus other than the NIPT target disease, and nonreportable NIPT results. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated from the obtained data, and maternal age‐specific PPV and NPV were estimated.ResultsOf the 45 504 cases, 44 263 cases fulfilling the study criteria were included. The mean maternal age and gestational weeks at the time of procedure were 38.5 years and 13.1 weeks, respectively. Sensitivities were 99.78% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 98.78–99.96), 99.12% (95% CI: 96.83–99.76), and 100% (95% CI: 88.30–100) for trisomies 21, 18, and 13, respectively. Specificities were more than 99.9% for trisomies 21, 18, and 13, respectively. Maternal age‐specific PPVs were more than 93%, 77%, and 43% at the age of 35 years for trisomies 21, 18, and 13, respectively.ConclusionThe GeneTech NIPT data showed high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of fetal trisomies 21, 18, and 13 in high‐risk pregnant women, and maternal age‐specific PPVs were obtained. These results could provide more accurate and improved information regarding NIPT for genetic counseling in Japan.
Neoliberalism, family law, and the devaluation of care
Authors: HEENAN ANNA 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is a conflict at the heart of family law between neoliberal ideas of autonomy, which increasingly influence law and policy, and the lived realities of family law's subjects. Neoliberal norms, which assume individual responsibility, financial independence, and freedom of choice, do not reflect the nature of decision making in intact families or the consequences of those decisions on separation; separation raises multiple intersecting legal issues, including financial and child arrangements, providing an important lens for family law more widely. Drawing on the findings of original empirical research with separated parents, this article explores three key assumptions of individuals in the neoliberal paradigm: that they have equal bargaining power, behave economically rationally, and have freedom of choice. Not only do all three assumptions fail to capture the realities of separating parents’ lives, but they actively cause harm in the family law context by devaluing care.
Disturbance history is a key driver of tree life span in temperate primary forests
Authors: Pavlin Jakob , Nagel Thomas A. , Svitok Marek , Pettit Joseph L. , Begović Krešimir , Mikac Stjepan , Dikku Abdulla , Toromani Elvin , Panayotov Momchil , Zlatanov Tzvetan , Haruta Ovidiu , Dorog Sorin , Chaskovskyy Oleh , Mikoláš Martin , Janda Pavel , Frankovič Michal , Rodrigo Ruffy , Vostarek Ondřej , Synek Michal , Dušátko Martin , Kníř Tomáš , Kozák Daniel , Kameniar Ondrej , Bače Radek , Čada Vojtěch , Trotsiuk Volodymyr , Schurman Jonathan S. , Saulnier Mélanie , Buechling Arne , Svoboda Miroslav 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsWe examined differences in life span among the dominant tree species (spruce, Picea abies; fir, Abies alba; beech, Fagus sylvatica; and maple, Acer pseudoplatanus) across primary mountain forests of Europe. We asked how disturbance history, lifetime growth patterns, and environmental factors influence life span.LocationsBalkan Mountains, Carpathian Mountains, Dinaric Mountains.MethodsAnnual ring widths from 20,600 cores from primary forests were used to estimate tree life spans, growth trends, and disturbance history metrics. Mixed models were used to examine species‐specific differences in life span (i.e., defined as species‐specific 90th percentiles of age distributions), and how metrics of radial growth, disturbance parameters, and selected environmental factors influence life span.ResultsWhile only a few beech trees surpassed 500 years, individuals of all four species were older than 400 years. There were significant differences in life span among the four species (beech > fir > spruce > maple), indicating life history differentiation in life span. Trees were less likely to reach old age in areas affected by more severe disturbance events, whereas individuals that experienced periods of slow growth and multiple episodes of suppression and release were more likely to reach old age. Aside from a weak but significant negative effect of vegetation season temperature on fir and maple life span, no other environmental factors included in the analysis influenced life span.ConclusionsOur results indicate species‐specific biological differences in life span, which may play a role in facilitating tree species coexistence in mixed temperate forests. Finally, natural disturbance regimes were a key driver of life span, which could have implications for forest dynamics if regimes shift under global change.
A Eulogy for Jane Robinson: A Social Autopsy of Uncare Policies
Authors: Mulligan Jessica M. , Weil Madeline 
Published: August 2021

AbstractShortly after losing her health insurance in 2018, Jane Robinson died of a treatable respiratory infection. This article argues that Jane's death occurred at the nexus of two different approaches to care: the necropolitics of uncare and the micropolitics of generative care labor. Both of these approaches to care increased Jane's health and social vulnerability, in turn quickening her death. We adopt the necropolitics of uncare framework to identify and name the harmful policies and attitudes of disregard that control access to life saving medical care. In the micropolitics of care in Jane's life, she became the safety net for others, which left little over when her health began to deteriorate. This social autopsy reveals that her care networks were insufficient to undo the uncare enshrined in state policy. Jane's unnecessary death foreshadowed the excess mortality that the United States has experienced from COVID‐19.
Deep learning‐based object identification with instance segmentation and pseudo‐LiDAR point cloud for work zone safety
Authors: Shen Jie , Yan Wenjie , Li Peng , Xiong Xin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAutomated object identification in three‐dimensional (3D) space is crucial for work zone safety, such as compliance with construction rules and preventing workplace injuries and deaths. However, it is greatly challenged by some factors like high‐quality detection, high‐quality instance segmentation, few engineering object datasets with masks, and accurate 3D object understanding due to scale variations and limited cues in the 3D world. Traditional hand‐crafted methods suffer from these challenges. Our key insight is to use 2D object detection, instance segmentation and camera vision to compute pseudo‐light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud for 3D object identification. On the one hand, an enhanced feature pyramid network is proposed to extract more fine‐grained object features, and an improved cascade mask R‐CNN is applied to detect bounding boxes and masks for all 2D objects efficiently. Moreover, the AIM dataset for heavy equipment detection is augmented, and a new object class with the bounding box and mask is added. On the other hand, pseudo‐LiDAR point clouds of objects based on bounding boxes and masks are recovered from a monocular image by deep learning, automatic camera parameter estimation, vision‐based method, and space filter. Extensive experiments and analyses show that the new methodology can identify 3D objects and automatically analyze work zone safety. The proposed object detection model has achieved state‐of‐the‐art results on the AIM dataset and 97.2% in mean average precision for the augmented dataset. The collision detection model using pseudo‐LiDAR point cloud has obtained 95.99% in accuracy. The new model will serve as a baseline to support 3D object identification research for other 3D tasks.
Nurses' experience of patient care using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Asgari Parvaneh , Jackson Alun C. , Esmaeili Maryam , Hosseini Amin , Bahramnezhad Fatemeh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an advanced form of temporary life support, to aid respiratory and/or cardiac function, which diverts venous blood through an extracorporeal circuit and returns it to the body after gas exchange through a semipermeable membrane. It may be used for oxygenation, carbon dioxide removal, and hemodynamic support. ECMO has been available to patients in Iran for only about 4 years. Because nurses do not widely use ECMO in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), for many it is still a unique experience and more needs to be understood about that experience in order to support nurses in that role.AimThis study aimed to explore Iranian nurses' experience of caring for patients receiving ECMO.MethodsThis interpretive phenomenological study was conducted in Iran in 2019. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in Farsi to collect data from 18 nurses who had cared for patients receiving ECMO. The interviews continued until data saturation, and thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was undertaken.ResultsFollowing thematic analysis, three main themes of “running on a suspension bridge,” “sense of duality,” and “bewilderment in the mirage of hope,” and with seven sub‐themes, emerged.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, it is proposed that caring for patients receiving ECMO is a source of emotional turmoil for nurses. Nurses are constantly thinking about whether their patients receiving ECMO are recovering or dying, and the nature of this care may lead to stress and burnout. Therefore, it is recommended that these nurses receive counselling and psychological support.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNurses are able to provide comprehensive and holistic patient care when they enjoy good physical and mental health themselves. To prevent distress in nurses and to provide safe care for the patient receiving ECMO, provision of psychological support for these nurses is recommended.
Transformative dissonant encounters: Opportunities for cultivating antiracism in White nursing students
Authors: Dancis Julia , Coleman Brett Russell 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSharply in focus in the United States right now is the disproportionate COVID‐19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality rates of Black, Indigenous, Hispanic, and Pacific Islanders living in the United States in contrast to White people. These COVID‐19 disparities are but one example of how systemic racism filters into health outcomes for many Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color (BIPOC). With these issues front and center, more attention is being given to the ways that White medical professionals contribute to these disparities, including their socialization to ignore or deny inequities. As such, the present study sought to understand how educating White health‐care pre‐professionals about systemic racism might influence their understanding of and responsibility for disrupting White supremacy. Data were drawn from 49 White‐identified nursing students who participated in a mapping project that uncovered instantiations of systemic racism in the United States. Participant written reflections were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that mapping projects can develop White people's knowledge and understanding of systemic racism. We introduce the construct, transformative dissonant encounters, to describe how this project precipitated shifts in world view necessary for White people to confront systemic racism. Implications for nursing educators, psychological researchers, and antiracist activists are discussed.
Long‐term nitrogen isotope dynamics in Encelia farinosa reflect plant demographics and climate
Authors: Driscoll Avery W. , Kannenberg Steven A. , Ehleringer James R. 
Published: August 2021

Summary

While plant δ15N values have been applied to understand nitrogen (N) dynamics, uncertainties regarding intraspecific and temporal variability currently limit their application. We used a 28 yr record of δ15N values from two Mojave Desert populations of Encelia farinosa to clarify sources of population‐level variability.

We leveraged > 3500 foliar δ15N observations collected alongside structural, physiological, and climatic data to identify plant and environmental contributors to δ15N values. Additional sampling of soils, roots, stems, and leaves enabled assessment of the distribution of soil N content and δ15N, intra‐plant fractionations, and relationships between soil and plant δ15N values.

We observed extensive within‐population variability in foliar δ15N values and found plant age and foliar %N to be the strongest predictors of individual δ15N values. There were consistent differences between root, stem, and leaf δ15N values (spanning c. 3‰), but plant and bulk soil δ15N values were unrelated.

Plant‐level variables played a strong role in influencing foliar δ15N values, and interannual relationships between climate and δ15N values were counter to previously recognized spatial patterns. This long‐term record provides insights regarding the interpretation of δ15N values that were not available from previous large‐scale syntheses, broadly enabling more effective application of foliar δ15N values.
MYBA and MYBPA transcription factors co‐regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in blue‐coloured berries
Authors: Karppinen Katja , Lafferty Declan J. , Albert Nick W. , Mikkola Nelli , McGhie Tony , Allan Andrew C. , Afzal Bilal M. , Häggman Hely , Espley Richard V. , Jaakola Laura 
Published: August 2021

Summary

The regulatory network of R2R3 MYB transcription factors in anthocyanin biosynthesis is not fully understood in blue‐coloured berries containing delphinidin compounds.

We used blue berries of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) to comprehensively characterise flavonoid‐regulating R2R3 MYBs, which revealed a new type of co‐regulation in anthocyanin biosynthesis between members of MYBA‐, MYBPA1‐ and MYBPA2‐subgroups.

VmMYBA1, VmMYBPA1.1 and VmMYBPA2.2 expression was elevated at berry ripening and by abscisic acid treatment. Additionally, VmMYBA1 and VmMYBPA1.1 expression was strongly downregulated in a white berry mutant. Complementation and transient overexpression assays confirmed VmMYBA1 and VmMYBA2 to induce anthocyanin accumulation. Promoter activation assays showed that VmMYBA1, VmMYBPA1.1 and VmMYBPA2.2 had similar activity towards dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase (DFR) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), but differential regulation activity for UDP‐glucose flavonoid 3‐O‐glucosyltransferase (UFGT) and flavonoid 3′5′‐hydroxylase (F3′5′H) promoters. Silencing of VmMYBPA1.1 in berries led to the downregulation of key anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis genes. Functional analyses of other MYBPA regulators, and a member of novel MYBPA3 subgroup, associated them with proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and F3′5′H expression.

The existence of 18 flavonoid‐regulating MYBs indicated gene duplication, which may have enabled functional diversification among MYBA, MYBPA1 and MYBPA2 subgroups. Our results provide new insights into the intricate regulation of the complex anthocyanin profile found in blue‐coloured berries involving regulation of both cyanidin and delphinidin branches.
Dignity neuroscience: universal rights are rooted in human brain science
Authors: White Tara L. , Gonsalves Meghan A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUniversal human rights are defined by international agreements, law, foreign policy, and the concept of inherent human dignity. However, rights defined on this basis can be readily subverted by overt and covert disagreements and can be treated as distant geopolitical events rather than bearing on individuals’ everyday lives. A robust case for universal human rights is urgently needed and must meet several disparate requirements: (1) a framework that resolves tautological definitions reached solely by mutual, revocable agreement; (2) a rationale that transcends differences in beliefs, creed, and culture; and (3) a personalization that empowers both individuals and governments to further human rights protections. We propose that human rights in existing agreements comprise five elemental types: (1) agency, autonomy, and self‐determination; (2) freedom from want; (3) freedom from fear; (4) uniqueness; and (5) unconditionality, including protections for vulnerable populations. We further propose these rights and protections are rooted in fundamental properties of the human brain. We provide a robust, empirical foundation for universal rights based on emerging work in human brain science that we term dignity neuroscience. Dignity neuroscience provides an empirical foundation to support and foster human dignity, universal rights, and their active furtherance by individuals, nations, and international law.
Hip Arthroscopic Reduction and Fixation for Adolescent Acetabular Posterior Wall Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Shi Rong‐mao , Yuan Li‐bo , Tan Chao‐jun , Li An‐xu , Qiu Xiong , Yang Bing , Tan Hong‐bo 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundPosterior wall fracture is the most common type of acetabular fracture, the traditional open reduction and fixation through the Kocher–Langenbeck approach required a large incision and extensive muscle and soft tissue dissection, resulting in more blood loss, more complications and delayed recovery after the operation. Hip arthroscopy has been widely used in clinical practice but rarely reported in acetabular fractures.Case PresentationWe present the case of a 14‐year‐old boy with acetabular posterior wall fracture who was treated with hip arthroscopy reduction and fixation using anchors. He began to walk with partial weight‐bearing assisted by double crutches, and returned to school with crutches at 3 days after surgery. Although hip arthroscopy is technically more demanding, it’s an optimal choice for selected patients of acetabular fracture with the advantages of less invasive and faster postoperative recovery.
Capsular Healing in Interportal and Periportal Capsulotomy Methods of Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Li Zi‐yuan , Hu Gang‐feng , Jin Zhi‐gao , Li Qian , Ling Zhuo‐yan , Shi Gao‐long , Dong Qi‐rong , Xie Zong‐gang 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the midterm outcomes and the capsular healing in patients who had interportal capsulotomy versus periportal capsulotomy of hip arthroscopy.MethodsRetrospectively reviewed 33 patients with labral tear received hip arthroscopy, with an average age of 41 (27‐67) years, including 13 cases of Cam deformity and three cases of Pincer deformity. All patients had positive sign of flexion adduction internal rotation or flexion abduction external rotation. With MRI and radiographic (CT, X plain) imageological examination. MRI showed that all patients had labral tear. Radiographic finding (CT, X plain) showed the pathological changes of acetabular and femoral neck osteophyte. One group with 23 patients were treated with periportal capsulotomy. Another group with 10 patients were treated with interportal capsulotomy. All patients did not close the capsule. Clinical outcomes were measured with the Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living (HOS‐ADL) and the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), patient satisfaction measured with visual analogue scale (VAS). The healing of the capsule was evaluated by MRI. MRI showed continuous capsular indicated healing, discontinuous capsular indicated unhealing. Postoperatively 6 months, mHHS and HOS‐ADL were obtained. Randomized controlled trials were used in this study for analysis.ResultsAll patients were followed up with average time of 9.3 months(3‐29 months). The postoperative symptoms were obviously relieved, the VAS decreased from (4.9 ± 0.6) to (1.2 ± 0.2) after 3 months postoperative. Follow up 6 months post‐operation, patients in the interportal group, the mHHS and HOS‐ADL scores improvement were respectively 69.4 ± 9.3 & 70 ± 8.8 pre‐operation, and 92.5 ± 5.0 & 86.6 ± 5.4 post‐operation (P < 0.05); Patients in the periportal group, the mHHS and HOS‐ADL scores improvement were respectively 69.9 ± 15.8, 68.1 ± 15.0 pre‐operation, and 90.1 ± 9.3 & 86.7 ± 7.9 post‐operation (P < 0.05).The differences were statistically significant. Six months after operation, MRI showed that 23 patients with periportal capsulotomy, the capsule have healed, without other complications. Three of the ten patients with interportal capsulotomy were healed and seven were not.ConclusionInterportal and periportal capsulotomy had good outcomes. The technique of periportal capsulotomy had little damage to the joint capsule. Although the capsule did not close, the capsule healed well in postoperative follow‐up. The nonunion rate of the joint capsule was high in the interportal capsulotomy without close the capsule.