bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of land degradation ‘on the ground’ and from ‘above’
Authors: Kirui Oliver K. , Mirzabaev Alisher , von Braun Joachim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAssessments of land degradation vary in methodology and outcome. The objective of this study is to identify the state, extent and patterns of land degradation in Eastern Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi and Tanzania). More recently (2000s), satellite-based imagery and remote sensing have been utilized to identify the magnitude and processes of land degradation at global, regional and national levels. This involves the use of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data and the use of high-quality satellite data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. This study is the first in Eastern Africa to complement remote sensing with ground-level assessments in evaluating the extent of land degradation at national and regional scales. The results based on NDVI measures show that land degradation occurred in about 51%, 41%, 23% and 22% of the terrestrial areas in Tanzania, Malawi, Ethiopia and Kenya, respectively, between the 1982 and 2016 periods. Some of the key hot spot areas include west and southern regions of Ethiopia, western part of Kenya, southern parts of Tanzania and eastern parts of Malawi. To evaluate the accuracy of the NDVI observations, ground-truthing was carried out in Tanzania and Ethiopia through focus group discussions (FGDs). The FGDs indicate an agreement with remotely sensed information on land degradation in seven sites out of eight in Tanzania and five sites out of six in Ethiopia. Given the significant magnitude of land degradation, appropriate action is needed to address it.
Tiltrotor Acoustic Data Acquisition and Analysis
Authors: Marano A. D. , Polito T. , Guida M. , Barbarino M. , Belardo M. , Perazzolo A. , Marulo F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPressure load measurements in operative conditions represent a fundamental parameter for improving the knowledge of the in-flight forcing generation and transmission. Furthermore, it is a fundamental step for assessing the validity and confidence of numerical methods able to predict such pressure loads, usually generated by propulsion and turbulent boundary layer. The experimental in-flight measurements and analysis and the correlation with the numerical methods are activities required as a starting point for studying the transmission mechanism through the fuselage which is responsible for the vibration and noise level which can be measured inside and for identifying potential solutions for their mitigation. The in-flight measurements have been carried out on a Leonardo Helicopter tiltrotor with the main goals to perform the validation of an experimental setup in a fully new environment and the assessment of a data analysis procedure according to the objectives of the Clean Sky 2 Fast Rotorcraft Project T-WING (CS2, Clean Sky 2 joint undertaking third amended bi-annual work plan and budget, 2018–2019).
Mobilizing Victimhood: Situating the Victim in Canadian Conservatism
Authors: Gordon Kelly 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article offers an examination of the discursive significance of the “victim” in the Conservative Party of Canada through a critical discourse analysis of two key pieces of legislation (Bill C-10 and Bill C-36) tabled by the Harper Conservative government. The central argument contends that while all populist arguments may be a form of victim argument, not all conservative victim arguments are populist—particularly ones directed at issues related to women and gender equality. The article finds that, perhaps due to the reactive nature of conservative ideology, conservative politicians in Canada adopt an “ambidextrous” approach to victims—mobilizing two distinct and, at times, contrasting sets of arguments. The article concludes by proposing two possible explanations for this ambidexterity, one stemming from the literature on organizational management and the other from theorizations of the reactive nature of conservative ideology.
A HYDRODYNAMICAL HOMOTOPY CO-MOMENTUM MAP AND A MULTISYMPLECTIC INTERPRETATION OF HIGHER-ORDER LINKING NUMBERS
Authors: MITI ANTONIO MICHELE , SPERA MAURO 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper a homotopy co-momentum map (à la Callies, Frégier, Rogers and Zambon) transgressing to the standard hydrodynamical co-momentum map of Arnol’d, Marsden, Weinstein and others is constructed and then generalized to a special class of Riemannian manifolds. Also, a covariant phase space interpretation of the coadjoint orbits associated to the Euler evolution for perfect fluids, and in particular of Brylinski’s manifold of smooth oriented knots, is discussed. As an application of the above homotopy co-momentum map, a reinterpretation of the (Massey) higher-order linking numbers in terms of conserved quantities within the multisymplectic framework is provided and knot-theoretic analogues of first integrals in involution are determined.
Magmatic Processes at Snæfell Volcano, Iceland, Constrained by Zircon Ages, Isotopes, and Trace Elements
Authors: Banik Tenley J. , Carley Tamara L. , Coble Matthew A. , Hanchar John M. , Dodd Justin P. , Casale Gabriele M. , McGuire Sean P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present the first zircon‐based U‐Pb geochronology, trace element concentrations, and O and Hf isotope compositions for Snæfell, an off‐rift volcano in eastern Iceland. These data provide constraints on the longevity and petrogenetic conditions of the Snæfell magmatic system. U‐Pb zircon ages range from 545 ± 59 to 266 ± 16 ka (2SE), but differences between grain core and mantle ages within each sample reveal zircon residence times of 100–200 kyr—far longer than observed at other Neovolcanic systems in Iceland. Zircon δ18O is restricted to ∼3.5–4‰, and zircon εHf ranges ∼+13 to ∼+17, which is substantially more radiogenic than Snæfell basalts. This combined O and Hf isotopic perspective suggests rhyolite petrogenesis at Snæfell can be attributed to fractional crystallization of mantle‐derived basaltic magmas with limited influence of pre‐existing crustal material. Trace element evidence further characterizes the magmatic source material: Sc/Yb <∼0.01 suggests an amphibole‐free petrogenetic environment, and Ti concentrations in zircon <5 ppm suggest a cool, near‐solidus, crystallization environment for the majority of the zircon's pre‐eruptive history, with elevated Ti in zircon surfaces suggesting a late thermal perturbation, perhaps a mafic input that remobilized (to the point of eruption triggering) near‐solidus magmas. These zircon‐based conclusions are broadly consistent with previous interpretations of rhyolite petrogenesis conditions at Snæfell but provide a multi‐faceted perspective with more detailed resolution of source materials, magma generating processes, system longevity, and pre‐eruptive conditions.
Plasma androgens and the presence and course of depression in a large cohort of women
Authors: de Wit Anouk E. , Giltay Erik J. , de Boer Marrit K. , Bosker Fokko J. , Cohn Aviva Y. , Nolen Willem A. , Kaiser Ursula B. , Joffe Hadine , Penninx Brenda W.J.H. , Schoevers Robert A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) has a higher prevalence in women with supraphysiologic androgen levels. Whether there is also an association between depression and androgen levels in the physiological range, is unknown. This study examined if women with current MDD have higher androgen levels compared to women who have never had MDD, and if androgen levels are associated with onset and remission of MDD. In 1659 women (513 current MDD, 754 remitted MDD, and 392 never MDD), baseline plasma levels of total testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, and androstenedione were determined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with radioimmunoassays. Free testosterone was calculated. MDD status was assessed at baseline, and at 2 and 4 years follow-up. Women were aged between 18 and 65 years (mean age 41) with total testosterone levels in the physiological range (geometric mean 0.72 nmol/L [95% CI 0.27–1.93]). After adjusting for covariates and multiple testing, women with current MDD had a higher mean free testosterone than women who never had MDD (adjusted geometric mean 8.50 vs. 7.55 pmol/L, p = 0.0005), but this difference was not large enough to be considered clinically meaningful as it was consistent with statistical equivalence. Levels of other androgens and SHBG did not differ and were also statistically equivalent between the groups. None of the androgens or SHBG levels predicted onset or remission of MDD. Our findings support the idea that plasma androgens within the physiological range have no or only limited effects on depressive disorders in women.
Pressure-engineered optical properties and emergent superconductivity in chalcopyrite semiconductor ZnSiP2
Authors: Yuan Yifang , Zhu Xiangde , Zhou Yonghui , Chen Xuliang , An Chao , Zhou Ying , Zhang Ranran , Gu Chuanchuan , Zhang Lili , Li Xinjian , Yang Zhaorong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChalcopyrite II-IV-V2 semiconductors are promising materials in nonlinear optical, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic applications. In this work, pressure-tailored optical properties as well as pressure-driven emergent superconductivity in chalcopyrite ZnSiP2 are reported via photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and electrical transport experiments. During compression, the PL peak energy exhibits a plateau between 1.4 and 8.7 GPa, which is accompanied by a piezochromic transition and correlated with the progressive development of cation disorder. Upon further compression across a phase transition from tetragonal to cubic rock-salt structure, superconductivity with a critical temperature Tc ~ 8.2 K emerges immediately. Tc decreases in the range of 24.6–37.1 GPa but inversely increases at higher pressures, thereby exhibiting an unusual V-shaped superconducting phase diagram. These findings present vivid structure–property relationships, which not only offer important clues to optimize the optical and electronic properties, but also provide a new way to use compression to switch between different functionalities.
Semiconductor-less vertical transistor with ION/IOFF of 106
Authors: Lee Jun-Ho , Shin Dong Hoon , Yang Heejun , Jeong Nae Bong , Park Do-Hyun , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kim Eunah , Lee Sang Wook , Jhang Sung Ho , Park Bae Ho , Kuk Young , Chung Hyun-Jong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSemiconductors have long been perceived as a prerequisite for solid-state transistors. Although switching principles for nanometer-scale devices have emerged based on the deployment of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructures, tunneling and ballistic currents through short channels are difficult to control, and semiconducting channel materials remain indispensable for practical switching. In this study, we report a semiconductor-less solid-state electronic device that exhibits an industry-applicable switching of the ballistic current. This device modulates the field emission barrier height across the graphene-hexagonal boron nitride interface with ION/IOFF of 106 obtained from the transfer curves and adjustable intrinsic gain up to 4, and exhibits unprecedented current stability in temperature range of 15–400 K. The vertical device operation can be optimized with the capacitive coupling in the device geometry. The semiconductor-less switching resolves the long-standing issue of temperature-dependent device performance, thereby extending the potential of 2D van der Waals devices to applications in extreme environments.
Meta-analyses of visceral versus non-visceral metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer treated by endocrine monotherapies
Authors: Robertson John F. R. , Di Leo Angelo , Johnston Stephen , Chia Stephen , Bliss Judith M. , Paridaens Robert J. , Lichfield Jasmine , Bradbury Ian , Campbell Christine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEndocrine therapy (ET) is recommended as first-line therapy for the majority of patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor 2-negative advanced breast cancer (ABC); however, the efficacy of ET in patients with visceral metastases (VM) versus patients whose disease is limited to non-visceral metastases (non-VM) is debated. Meta-analyses including available data from randomised controlled trials of first- and second-line endocrine monotherapies for patients with HR+ ABC were performed to address this question. In one and two-stage meta-analyses, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), clinical benefit rate (CBR) and duration of clinical benefit (DoCB) outcomes were analysed. In the first-line meta-analysis (seven trials; n = 1988) tamoxifen and fulvestrant significantly improved PFS, OS and CBR for patients with non-VM versus those whose disease included VM. The most substantial hazard ratios were observed for fulvestrant 500 mg; 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45−0.70) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.42−0.72) for PFS and OS, respectively. In the second-line meta-analysis (seven trials; n = 2324), all ET combined was more effective (in terms of PFS, OS and DoCB) for non-VM versus VM. In both meta-analyses, patients with non-liver VM had better clinical outcomes than patients with liver VM for all types of ET. Patients whose disease included non-VM sites had better clinical outcomes with endocrine monotherapy compared with patients whose disease included VM. These findings may facilitate better informed treatment decision-making.
Vacancy defect control of colossal thermopower in FeSb2
Authors: Du Qianheng , Wu Lijun , Cao Huibo , Kang Chang-Jong , Nelson Christie , Pascut Gheorghe Lucian , Besara Tiglet , Siegrist Theo , Haule Kristjan , Kotliar Gabriel , Zaliznyak Igor , Zhu Yimei , Petrovic Cedomir 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIron diantimonide is a material with the highest known thermoelectric power. By combining scanning transmission electron microscopic study with electronic transport neutron, X-ray scattering, and first principle calculation, we identify atomic defects that control colossal thermopower magnitude and nanoprecipitate clusters with Sb vacancy ordering, which induce additional phonon scattering and substantially reduce thermal conductivity. Defects are found to cause rather weak but important monoclinic distortion of the unit cell Pnnm → Pm. The absence of Sb along [010] for high defect concentration forms conducting path due to Fe d orbital overlap. The connection between atomic defect anisotropy and colossal thermopower in FeSb2 paves the way for the understanding and tailoring of giant thermopower in related materials.
One-year randomized trial comparing virtual reality-assisted therapy to cognitive–behavioral therapy for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Authors: Dellazizzo Laura , Potvin Stéphane , Phraxayavong Kingsada , Dumais Alexandre 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe gold-standard cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) for psychosis offers at best modest effects. With advances in technology, virtual reality (VR) therapies for auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH), such as AVATAR therapy (AT) and VR-assisted therapy (VRT), are amid a new wave of relational approaches that may heighten effects. Prior trials have shown greater effects of these therapies on AVH up to a 24-week follow-up. However, no trial has compared them to a recommended active treatment with a 1-year follow-up. We performed a pilot randomized comparative trial evaluating the short- and long-term efficacy of VRT over CBT for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Patients were randomized to VRT (n = 37) or CBT (n = 37). Clinical assessments were administered before and after each intervention and at follow-up periods up to 12 months. Between and within-group changes in psychiatric symptoms were assessed using linear mixed-effects models. Short-term findings showed that both interventions produced significant improvements in AVH severity and depressive symptoms. Although results did not show a statistically significant superiority of VRT over CBT for AVH, VRT did achieve larger effects particularly on overall AVH (d = 1.080 for VRT and d = 0.555 for CBT). Furthermore, results suggested a superiority of VRT over CBT on affective symptoms. VRT also showed significant results on persecutory beliefs and quality of life. Effects were maintained up to the 1-year follow-up. VRT highlights the future of patient-tailored approaches that may show benefits over generic CBT for voices. A fully powered single-blind randomized controlled trial comparing VRT to CBT is underway.
Insights on the deep carbon cycle from the electrical conductivity of carbon-bearing aqueous fluids
Authors: Manthilake Geeth , Mookherjee Mainak , Miyajima Nobuyoshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe dehydration and decarbonation in the subducting slab are intricately related and the knowledge of the physical properties of the resulting C–H–O fluid is crucial to interpret the petrological, geochemical, and geophysical processes associated with subduction zones. In this study, we investigate the C–H–O fluid released during the progressive devolatilization of carbonate-bearing serpentine-polymorph chrysotile, with in situ electrical conductivity measurements at high pressures and temperatures. The C–H–O fluid produced by carbonated chrysotile exhibits high electrical conductivity compared to carbon-free aqueous fluids and can be an excellent indicator of the migration of carbon in subduction zones. The crystallization of diamond and graphite indicates that the oxidized C–H–O fluids are responsible for the recycling of carbon in the wedge mantle. The carbonate and chrysotile bearing assemblages stabilize dolomite during the devolatilization process. This unique dolomite forming mechanism in chrysotile in subduction slabs may facilitate the transport of carbon into the deep mantle.
Photosynthetic parameters of a sedge-grass marsh as a big-leaf: effect of plant species composition
Authors: Mejdová Markéta , Dušek Jiří , Foltýnová Lenka , Macálková Lenka , Čížková Hana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe study estimates the parameters of the photosynthesis–irradiance relationship (PN/I) of a sedge-grass marsh (Czech Republic, Europe), represented as an active “green” surface—a hypothetical “big-leaf”. Photosynthetic parameters of the “big-leaf” are based on in situ measurements of the leaf PN/I curves of the dominant plant species. The non-rectangular hyperbola was selected as the best model for fitting the PN/I relationships. The plant species had different parameters of this relationship. The highest light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (Asat) was recorded for Glyceria maxima and Acorus calamus followed by Carex acuta and Phalaris arundinacea. The lowest Asat was recorded for Calamagrostis canescens. The parameters of the PN/I relationship were calculated also for different growth periods. The highest Asat was calculated for the spring period followed by the summer and autumn periods. The effect of the species composition of the local plant community on the photosynthetic parameters of the “big-leaf” was addressed by introducing both real (recorded) and hypothetical species compositions corresponding to “wet” and “dry” hydrological conditions. We can conclude that the species composition (or diversity) is essential for reaching a high Asat of the “big-leaf ”representing the sedge-grass marsh in different growth periods.
A chip-less and battery-less subharmonic tag for wireless sensing with parametrically enhanced sensitivity and dynamic range
Authors: Hussein Hussein M. E. , Rinaldi Matteo , Onabajo Marvin , Cassella Cristian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMassive deployments of wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) that continuously detect physical, biological or chemical parameters are needed to truly benefit from the unprecedented possibilities opened by the Internet-of-Things (IoT). Just recently, new sensors with higher sensitivities have been demonstrated by leveraging advanced on-chip designs and microfabrication processes. Yet, WSNs using such sensors require energy to transmit the sensed information. Consequently, they either contain batteries that need to be periodically replaced or energy harvesting circuits whose low efficiencies prevent a frequent and continuous sensing and impact the maximum range of communication. Here, we report a new chip-less and battery-less tag-based WSN that fundamentally breaks any previous paradigm. This WSN, formed by off-the-shelf lumped components on a printed substrate, can sense and transmit information without any need of supplied or harvested DC power, while enabling full-duplex transceiver designs for interrogating nodes rendering them immune to their own self-interference. Also, even though the reported WSN does not require any advanced and expensive manufacturing, its unique parametric dynamical behavior enables extraordinary sensitivities and dynamic ranges that can even surpass those achieved by on-chip sensors. The operation and performance of the first implementation of this new WSN are reported. This device operates in the Ultra-High-Frequency range and is capable to passively and continuously detect temperature changes remotely from an interrogating node.
Critical evaluation of short, long, and hybrid assembly for contextual analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in complex environmental metagenomes
Authors: Brown Connor L. , Keenum Ishi M. , Dai Dongjuan , Zhang Liqing , Vikesland Peter J. , Pruden Amy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the fight to limit the global spread of antibiotic resistance, the assembly of environmental metagenomes has the potential to provide rich contextual information (e.g., taxonomic hosts, carriage on mobile genetic elements) about antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in the environment. However, computational challenges associated with assembly can impact the accuracy of downstream analyses. This work critically evaluates the impact of assembly leveraging short reads, nanopore MinION long-reads, and a combination of the two (hybrid) on ARG contextualization for ten environmental metagenomes using seven prominent assemblers (IDBA-UD, MEGAHIT, Canu, Flye, Opera-MS, metaSpades and HybridSpades). While short-read and hybrid assemblies produced similar patterns of ARG contextualization, raw or assembled long nanopore reads produced distinct patterns. Based on an in-silico spike-in experiment using real and simulated reads, we show that low to intermediate coverage species are more likely to be incorporated into chimeric contigs across all assemblers and sequencing technologies, while more abundant species produce assemblies with a greater frequency of inversions and insertion/deletions (indels). In sum, our analyses support hybrid assembly as a valuable technique for boosting the reliability and accuracy of assembly-based analyses of ARGs and neighboring genes at environmentally-relevant coverages, provided that sufficient short-read sequencing depth is achieved.