bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in situational risk factors for fractures of the distal forearm, hip, and vertebrae in older women
Authors: Yu Wen-Yu , Hwang Hei-Fen , Lin Mau-Roung 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Situational factors during a fall among three common types of fractures of the distal forearm, hip, and vertebrae among older women in Taiwan were investigated.

Methods
In 2016 ~ 2017, study participants were identified from those aged ≥65 years who visited emergency departments due to a fall in two university-affiliated hospitals in Taipei. In addition to individual characteristics, situational factors during the fall (location, activity, change of center of mass, fall mode, fall direction, initiating a protective response, and being hit) were collected. A sample of 203 distal-forearm fractures, 189 vertebral fractures, and 375 hip fractures was recruited, while 717 women with a soft-tissue injury were used as a control group. The identification of situational risk factors for each type of fracture was validated by using those who sustained one of the other two types of fracture as a control group.

Results
After adjusting for age and other individual characteristics, compared to soft-tissue injuries, distal-forearm fractures were significantly more likely to occur with slips (odds ratio [OR] = 11.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.76 ~ 25.4), trips (OR = 3.40; 95% CI = 1.42 ~ 8.17), step-downs (OR = 4.95; 95% CI = 2.15 ~ 11.4), and from sideways falls (OR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.12 ~ 2.67) and significantly less likely to occur indoors (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.42 ~ 0.90) or from backwards falls (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.41 ~ 0.95). Hip fractures were significantly more likely to occur with step-downs (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.13 ~ 2.75) and from backwards (OR = 3.16; 95% CI = 2.15 ~ 4.64) or sideways falls (OR = 5.56; 95% CI = 3.67 ~ 8.41) and significantly less likely when hitting an object (OR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.13 ~ 0.52) or initiating a protective response (OR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.36 ~ 0.93). Vertebral fractures were significantly more likely to occur with slips (OR = 2.42; 95% CI = 1.30 ~ 4.50), step-downs (OR = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.43 ~ 4.48), and backwards falls (OR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.39 ~ 3.32). Similar results were found in the validation analyses.

Conclusions
Large variations in situational risk factors for the three types of fracture in older women existed. A combination of individual and situational risk factors may display a more-comprehensive risk profile for the three types of fracture, and an intervention that adds training programs on safe landing strategies and effective compensatory reactions may be valuable in preventing serious injuries due to a fall.
A novel tp53-associated nomogram to predict the overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Liu Xun , Chen Bobo , Chen Jiahui , Sun Shaolong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Gene mutations play critical roles in tumorigenesis and cancer development. Our study aimed to screen survival-related mutations and explore a novel gene signature to predict the overall survival in pancreatic cancer.

Methods
Somatic mutation data from three cohorts were used to identify the common survival-related gene mutation with Kaplan-Meier curves. RNA-sequencing data were used to explore the signature for survival prediction. First, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis was conducted to identify candidate genes. Then, the ICGC-PACA-CA cohort was applied as the training set and the TCGA-PAAD cohort was used as the external validation set. A TP53-associated signature calculating the risk score of every patient was developed with univariate Cox, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and stepwise regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to verify the accuracy. The independence of the signature was confirmed by the multivariate Cox regression analysis. Finally, a prognostic nomogram including 359 patients was constructed based on the combined expression data and the risk scores.

Results
TP53 mutation was screened to be the robust and survival-related mutation type, and was associated with immune cell infiltration. Two thousand, four hundred fifty-five genes included in the six modules generated in the WGCNA were screened as candidate survival related TP53-associated genes. A seven-gene signature was constructed: Risk score = (0.1254 × ERRFI1) - (0.1365 × IL6R) - (0.4400 × PPP1R10) - (0.3397 × PTOV1-AS2) + (0.1544 × SCEL) - (0.4412 × SSX2IP) – (0.2231 × TXNL4A). Area Under Curves of 1-, 3-, and 5-year ROC curves were 0.731, 0.808, and 0.873 in the training set and 0.703, 0.677, and 0.737 in the validation set. A prognostic nomogram including 359 patients was constructed and well-calibrated, with the Area Under Curves of 1-, 3-, and 5-year ROC curves as 0.713, 0.753, and 0.823.

Conclusions
The TP53-associated signature exhibited good prognostic efficacy in predicting the overall survival of PC patients.
Are occupational and environmental noises associated with periodontitis? Evidence from a Korean representative cross-sectional study
Authors: Han Dong-Hun , Kim Mi-Sun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Evidences have shown that noise could be a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Since periodontitis and CVD are characterized by inflammation, it is reasonable to doubt that occupational/environmental noise is a risk factor for periodontitis. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between occupational/environmental noise and periodontitis in a nationally representative sample of Korean adults.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study sample included 8327 adults aged 40 to 80 years old. Noise exposure and the duration of the exposure were assessed with self-report questionnaires. The dependent variable was periodontitis. Age, gender, place of residence, income, marital status, smoking, frequency of daily tooth brushing, recent dental checkup, and diabetes were included as covariates. Logistic regression analyses estimated the association between noise exposure and periodontitis.

Results
Those who were exposed to environmental noise during their lifetime had an increased prevalence of severe periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05 to 3.40), and this association was strengthened as the duration of the environmental noise exposure was longer (OR of > 120 months 2.35 and OR of ≤120 months 1.49). There was a combined relationship for severe periodontitis between occupational and environmental noise exposure (OR of both exposures 2.62, OR of occupational exposure only 1.12, and OR of environmental exposure only 1.57).

Conclusion
Our study shows that noise exposure is associated with periodontitis, and the association was higher in the synergism between occupational and environmental interaction.
Faculty’s attitudes and perceptions related to applying motivational principles to their teaching: a mixed methods study
Authors: Snook Abigail Grover , Schram Asta B. , Jones Brett D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is uncommon for faculty development professionals to assess faculty attitudes towards their teaching responsibilities and their perceived obstacles to teaching effectiveness. The purposes of this study were (a) to document faculty attitudes and practices related to applying motivation principles, and (b) to identify the perceived contextual factors that may shape these attitudes and practices.MethodsA sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used. Faculty members (n = 272; 32% response rate) were surveyed about their responsibility for and application of the five motivational principles that are part of the MUSIC Model of Motivation:eMpowerment,Usefulness,Success,Interest, andCaring. Repeated measures ANOVAs and Student’s t-tests were computed to detect differences. Subsequently, two focus groups of faculty members (n = 11) interpreted the survey results. We conducted a thematic analysis and used the focus group results to explain the survey results.ResultsFaculty rated their responsibilities for applying principles related toUsefulness,Interest, andCaringsignificantly higher than they did forSuccessandeMpowerment. Most faculty also reported that they actually appliedUsefulness,Interest, andCaringstrategies within the past year, whereas over half of the faculty appliedSuccessstrategies and about a third of faculty appliedeMpowermentstrategies. Focus group participants identified factors that affected their ability to applyeMpowermentstrategies, (e.g., offering choices), including students lacking generic skills (e.g., critical thinking, problem-solving), a lack of confidence in their abilities to implement empowering strategies and meet the needs of students, passive students, and large lecture-type courses. Focus group participants cited obstacles to implementingSuccessstrategies (e.g., providing feedback), including difficulty in providing feedback in large courses, lacking time and assistant teachers, limited knowledge of technologies, and lacking skills related to guiding effective student peer feedback.ConclusionsFaculty appear adequately prepared to implement some types of motivational strategies, but not others, in part due to contextual factors that can influence their attitudes and, ultimately, their application of these strategies. We discuss how these factors affect attitudes and application of motivational strategies and formulate suggestions based on the results.
GPU-friendly data structures for real time simulation
Authors: Magnoux Vincent , Ozell Benoît 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSimulators for virtual surgery training need to perform complex calculations very quickly to provide realistic haptic and visual interactions with a user. The complexity is further increased by the addition of cuts to virtual organs, such as would be needed for performing tumor resection. A common method for achieving large performance improvements is to make use of the graphics hardware (GPU) available on most general-use computers. Programming GPUs requires data structures that are more rigid than on conventional processors (CPU), making that data more difficult to update. We propose a new method for structuring graph data, which is commonly used for physically based simulation of soft tissue during surgery, and deformable objects in general. Our method aligns all nodes of the graph in memory, independently from the number of edges they contain, allowing for local modifications that do not affect the rest of the structure. Our method also groups memory transfers so as to avoid updating the entire graph every time a small cut is introduced in a simulated organ. We implemented our data structure as part of a simulator based on a meshless method. Our tests show that the new GPU implementation, making use of the new graph structure, achieves a 10 times improvement in computation times compared to the previous CPU implementation. The grouping of data transfers into batches allows for a 80–90% reduction in the amount of data transferred for each graph update, but accounts only for a small improvement in performance. The data structure itself is simple to implement and allows simulating increasingly complex models that can be cut at interactive rates.
In vivo tumour imaging employing regional delivery of novel gallium radiolabelled polymer composites
Authors: Stephens Ross W. , Tredwell Gregory D. , Bell Jessica L. , Knox Karen J. , Philip Lee A. , Senden Tim J. , Tapner Michael J. , Bickley Stephanie A. , Tanudji Marcel R. , Jones Stephen K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background

Understanding the regional vascular delivery of particles to tumour sites is a prerequisite for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic composites for treatment of oncology patients. We describe a novel imageable
67
Ga-radiolabelled polymer composite that is biocompatible in an animal tumour model and can be used for preclinical imaging investigations of the transit of different sized particles through arterial networks of normal and tumour-bearing organs.

Results

Radiolabelling of polymer microspheres with
67
Ga was achieved using a simple mix and wash method, with tannic acid as an immobilising agent. Final in vitro binding yields after autoclaving averaged 94.7%. In vivo stability of the composite was demonstrated in New Zealand white rabbits by intravenous administration, and intrahepatic artery instillations were made in normal and VX2 tumour implanted rabbit livers. Stability of radiolabel was sufficient for rabbit lung and liver imaging over at least 3 hours and 1 hour respectively, with lung retention of radiolabel over 91%, and retention in both normal and VX2 implanted livers of over 95%. SPECT-CT imaging of anaesthetised animals and planar imaging of excised livers showed visible accumulation of radiolabel in tumours. Importantly, microsphere administration and complete liver dispersal was more easily achieved with 8 μm diameter MS than with 30 μm MS, and the smaller microspheres provided more distinct and localised tumour imaging.

Conclusion

This method of producing
67
Ga-radiolabelled polymer microspheres is suitable for SPECT-CT imaging of the regional vascular delivery of microspheres to tumour sites in animal models. Sharper distinction of model tumours from normal liver was obtained with smaller MS, and tumour resolution may be further improved by the use of
68
Ga instead of
67
Ga, to enable PET imaging.
Genetic influences on externalizing psychopathology overlap with cognitive functioning and show developmental variation
Authors: Mollon Josephine , Knowles Emma E. M. , Mathias Samuel R. , Rodrigue Amanda , Moore Tyler M. , Calkins Monica E. , Gur Ruben C. , Peralta Juan Manuel , Weiner Daniel J. , Robinson Elise B. , Gur Raquel E. , Blangero John , Almasy Laura , Glahn David C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Questions remain regarding whether genetic influences on early life psychopathology overlap with cognition and show developmental variation.

Methods
Using data from 9,421 individuals aged 8–21 from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, factors of psychopathology were generated using a bifactor model of item-level data from a psychiatric interview. Five orthogonal factors were generated: anxious-misery (mood and anxiety), externalizing (attention deficit hyperactivity and conduct disorder), fear (phobias), psychosis-spectrum, and a general factor. Genetic analyses were conducted on a subsample of 4,662 individuals of European American ancestry. A genetic relatedness matrix was used to estimate heritability of these factors, and genetic correlations with executive function, episodic memory, complex reasoning, social cognition, motor speed, and general cognitive ability. Gene × Age analyses determined whether genetic influences on these factors show developmental variation.

Results
Externalizing was heritable (h2 = 0.46, p = 1 × 10−6), but not anxious-misery (h2 = 0.09, p = 0.183), fear (h2 = 0.04, p = 0.337), psychosis-spectrum (h2 = 0.00, p = 0.494), or general psychopathology (h2 = 0.21, p = 0.040). Externalizing showed genetic overlap with face memory (ρg = −0.412, p = 0.004), verbal reasoning (ρg = −0.485, p = 0.001), spatial reasoning (ρg = −0.426, p = 0.010), motor speed (ρg = 0.659, p = 1x10−4), verbal knowledge (ρg = −0.314, p = 0.002), and general cognitive ability (g)(ρg = −0.394, p = 0.002). Gene × Age analyses revealed decreasing genetic variance (γg = −0.146, p = 0.004) and increasing environmental variance (γe = 0.059, p = 0.009) on externalizing.

Conclusions
Cognitive impairment may be a useful endophenotype of externalizing psychopathology and, therefore, help elucidate its pathophysiological underpinnings. Decreasing genetic variance suggests that gene discovery efforts may be more fruitful in children than adolescents or young adults.
Evaluation of the Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Resources Available in Chile
Authors: Abu-Arja Mohammad H. , Rojas del Río Nicolás , Morales La Madrid Andres , Lassaletta Alvaro , Coven Scott L. , Moreno Rosa , Valero Miguel , Perez Veronica , Espinoza Felipe , Fernandez Eduardo , Santander José , Tordecilla Juan , Oyarce Veronica , Kopp Katherine , Bartels Ute , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Finlay Jonathan L. , Cáceres Adrián , Reyes Mauricio , Espinoza Ximena , Osorio Diana S. 
Published: March 2021

PURPOSE Pediatric neuro-oncology resources are mostly unknown in Chile. We report the human and material resources available in Chilean hospitals providing pediatric neuro-oncology services. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 17 hospitals providing pediatric neuro-oncology services (Programa Infantil Nacional de Drogas Antineoplásicas [PINDA] hospitals, 11; private, 6). RESULTS Response rate was 71% (PINDA, 8; private, 4). Pediatric neuro-oncology services were mainly provided within general hospitals (67%). Registries for pediatric CNS tumors and chemotherapy-related toxicities were available in 100% and 67% of hospitals, respectively. CNS tumors were treated by pediatric oncologists in 92% of hospitals; none were formally trained in neuro-oncology. The most used treatment protocols were the national PINDA protocols. All WHO essential medicines for childhood cancer were available in more than 80% of the hospitals except for gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, and procarbazine. The median number of pediatric neurosurgeons per hospital was two (range, 2-6). General neuroradiologists were available in 83% of the centers. Pathology specimens were sent to neuropathologists (58%), adult pathologists (25%), and pediatric pathologists (17%). Intensity-modulated radiotherapy, conformal radiotherapy, and cobalt radiotherapy were used by 67%, 58%, and 42% of hospitals, respectively. Only one private hospital performed autologous hematopoietic cell transplant for children with CNS tumors. CONCLUSION A wide range of up-to-date treatment modalities are available for children with CNS tumors. Our survey highlights future directions to improve the pediatric neuro-oncology services available in Chile such as the expansion of multidisciplinary clinics, palliative care services, long-term cancer survivorship programs, dedicated clinical research support teams, establishing standardized mechanism for sending pathologic specimen for second opinion to international specialized centers, and establishing specialized neuro-oncology training program.
Clinical Guideline Highlights for the Hospitalist: Management of Acute and Chronic Pain in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Pham Charles D , Hua Duong T 
Published: March 2021

GUIDELINE TITLEAmerican Society of Hematology 2020 Guidelines for Sickle Cell Disease: Management of Acute and Chronic PainRELEASE DATEJune 19, 2020PRIOR VERSIONNot applicableDEVELOPERAmerican Society of Hematology Guideline Panel on Sickle Cell Disease‐Related PainFUNDING SOURCEAmerican Society of HematologyTARGET POPULATIONAdult and pediatric patients with a history of sickle cell disease with acute and chronic pain.
How useful are equality indicators? The expressive function of ‘stat imperfecta’ in disability rights advocacy
Authors: Priestley Mark , Grammenos Stefanos 
Published: March 2021

Background: The measurement of equality is often difficult for groups who are weakly defined or poorly represented in official datasets. Social statistics are an essential component in rights recognition and advocacy because they make protected groups of persons visible and reveal the extent of their inequalities in comparison with population norms.
Aims and objectives: This paper examines how disabled persons have been included, or not, in EU statistics used for evidenced-based policy – for example in the European Semester process concerning Member States’ employment and social policies, or in monitoring compliance with international human rights standards under the UN CRPD.
Methods: Over a period of a decade we mapped and disaggregated disability data from the main European social surveys, examining the availability and limitations of different sources to answer various policy questions.
Findings: The analysis produced indicators revealing stark inequalities between disabled and non-disabled persons but raised challenging questions about data quality, reliability and comparability. This revealed tensions in engaging the trust of policymakers in less familiar, or less reliable, data concerning minority groups.
Discussion and conclusions: Despite limitations of precision, imperfect statistics often retain a strong expressive function in human rights promotion. Greater investment is needed from governments and statistical authorities to strengthen disability equality data and indicators concerning marginalised rights holders.
Does evaluation quality enhance evaluation use?
Authors: Bundi Pirmin , Frey Kathrin , Widmer Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Background: Evaluations are a useful tool to learn more about the effectiveness of public measures. In the era of evidence-based policymaking, recent research suggests that quality is an important determinant of the utilisation of evaluations. Despite this claim, hardly any empirical study has investigated whether the quality of an evaluation – measured by a meta-evaluation – influences its perceived utilisation by decision makers.
Aims and objectives: This article asks how the quality of an evaluation study is related to its perceived use, and investigates the relationship between the quality of an evaluation, assessed through a meta-evaluation, and how the evaluation is perceived and accepted by the parties concerned.
Methods: The basis for the empirical analyses were 34 external evaluations, conducted from 2006 to 2014, of upper secondary schools in the canton of Zurich, as well as a standardised survey conducted among 307 representatives of these schools (teachers, administrators, members of quality development teams, and the heads of school oversight commissions).
Findings: We conclude that the quality of the evaluation, as assessed in a meta-evaluation, is not particularly associated with the perception of evaluation quality and the perceived use of the evaluation. The perceived quality, however, is related to the perceived impact of an evaluation.
Discussion and conclusion: These findings are relevant for evaluation research and practice, since they show that the quality of an evaluation and evaluation use do not necessarily go hand in hand.