bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Robotic and Manual Implantation of Intracerebral Electrodes: A Single-Centre, Single-Blinded, Randomised Controlled Trial.
Authors: Vakharia Vejay N. , Rodionov Roman , Miserocchi Anna , McEvoy Andrew W. , O'Keeffe Aidan , Granados Alejandro , Shapoori Shahrzad , Sparks Rachel , Ourselin Sebastien , Duncan John 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
There has been a significant rise in robotic trajectory guidance devices that have been utilised for stereotactic neurosurgical procedures. These devices have significant costs and associated learning curves. Previous studies reporting devices usage have not undertaken prospective parallel-group comparisons before their introduction, so the comparative differences are unknown.We study the difference in stereoelectroencephalography electrode implantation time between a robotic trajectory guidance device (iSYS1) and manual frameless implantation (PAD) in patients with drug-refractory focal epilepsy through a single-blinded randomised control parallel-group investigation of SEEG electrode implantation, concordant with CONSORT statement.Thirty-two patients (18 male) completed the trial. The iSYS1 returned significantly shorter median operative time for intracranial bolt insertion, 6.36 min (95%CI 5.72-7.07) versus 9.06 min (95%CI 8.16- 10.06), ratio of median estimate (iSYS1/PAD) 0.70 (95%CI 0.61-0.81), p=0.0001. The PAD group had a better median target point accuracy 1.58 mm (95%CI 1.38- 1.82) versus 1.16 mm (95%CI 1.01- 1.33)), p=0.004. The mean electrode implantation angle error was 2.13o for the iSYS1 group and 1.71o for the PAD groups (p=0.023). There was no statistically significant difference for any other outcome.Health policy and hospital commissioners should consider these differences in the context of the opportunity cost of introducing robotic devices.Trial registration: ISRCTN17209025 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN17209025)
Antiferromagnetic spatial photonic Ising machine through optoelectronic correlation computing
Authors: Ruan Zhichao , Junyi Huang , Fang Yisheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recently, spatial photonic Ising machines (SPIM) have been demonstrated to compute the minima of Hamiltonians for large-scale spin systems. Here we propose to implement an antiferromagnetic model through optoelectronic correlation computing with SPIM. Also we exploit the gauge transformation which enables encoding the spins and the interaction strengths in a single phase-only spatial light modulator. With a simple setup, we experimentally show the ground state search of an antiferromagnetic model with $40000$ spins in number-partitioning problem. Thus such an optoelectronic computing exhibits great programmability and scalability for the practical applications of studying statistical systems and combinatorial optimization problems.
Active Targeting Nanotheranostic System for Dual-Modality Imaging-Guided Chemo-/Photodynamic Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Han Yong , Tang Qiusha , Jia Gang , An Yanli , Ding Yinan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most devastating types of cancers worldwide and has a remarkably poor survival rate, emphasizing the need for more effective strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of PC. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have gained a privileged place in the biomedical field due to their outstanding properties. Besides, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) as one of the key biomarkers of pancreatic cancer stem cells, is a vital target for theranostic, diagnostic, and/or therapeutic intervention in nanomedicine. In this study, the theranostic nanosystem (EpCAM-UCMSNs-MX) was formed from the mesoporous silica-coated UCNPs functionalized with anti-EpCAM monoclonal antibody, and then one anticancer drug and photosensitizer, mitoxantrone (MX), was loaded into the mesoporous silica. The nanotheranostic system was used to target caner stem cells for realizing simultaneous dual-modality MR/UCL imaging and synergetic chemotherapy and NIR-triggered PDT. Results: After conducting series of characterizations, the nanotheranostic systems own superior uniform sphericity and long-time stability. In vitro and vivo experiments show the nanocomposites have good biocompatibility and can target caner stem cells to realize simultaneous dual-modality MR/UCL imaging. Furthermore, in comparison with UCMSNs-MX and free MX, MX-loaded UCMSNs conjugated with anti-EpCAM monoclonal antibody (EpCAM-UCMSNs-MX) are efficiently endocytosed by cancerous cells and show synergetic effect with PDT in vitro. In vivo experiments reconfirm the synergistic effects observed with the combination of EpCAM-UCMSNs-MX and PDT, which results in better treatment outcomes as compared to chemotherapy or NIR irradiation alone that fail to show any noticeable systemic toxicity.Conclusions: The resulting nanotheranostics were shown to target caner stem cells to confer simultaneous dual-modality MR/UCL imaging and induced intracellular reactive oxygen species exposed to 980 nm excitation, leading to synergetic chemotherapy and NIR-triggered PDT. These results offer a promising strategy for designing a multifunctional nanotheranostic system for dual-modality imaging-guided synergistic oncotherapy.
The Effect of Transversal Connection in the in-Plane Response of Double-Leaf Brick Masonry Walls
Authors: Scandolo Lorenzo , Podestà Stefano 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The evaluation of structural safety derives from the knowledge of material properties. In case of existent masonry building, the definition of reliable mechanical parameters could be a very difficult task to be achieved. For this reason, an estimation of these values is useful, for example it is the first phase of the knowledge process, for simplified mechanical model or when NTD test is the only possibility.The transversal connection in masonry panels is a technological detail that affects the static and seismic behavior and could significantly increase the strength of the element.In this paper the effect of transversal connection in double-leaf brickwork masonry panels is evaluated by diagonal compression tests. To achieve this goal, a new set-up was designed to load each leaf independently.The results have shown an increment of about 20% in strength if transversal connection is present. If the leaves have very different mechanical parameters, the tests highlight an unexpected behavior.
Visualization of Insulin Receptor Activation by a Novel Insulin Analog with Elongated A Chain and Truncated B Chain
Authors: Xiong Xiaochun , Blakely Alan , Kim Jin Hwan , Menting John , Schafer Ingmar , Schubert Heidi , Agrawal Rahul , Gutmann Theresia , Delaine Carlie , Zhang Yi , Artik Gizem , Merriman Allanah , Lawrence Michael , Coskun Ünal , Fisher Simon , Forbes Briony , Safavi-Hemami Helena , Hill Christopher , Chou Danny 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cone snail venoms contain a wide variety of bioactive peptides, including insulin-like molecules with distinct structural features, binding modes, and biochemical properties. Here, we report a fully active humanized cone snail venom insulin with an elongated A chain and a truncated B chain, and use cryo-electron microscopy and protein engineering to elucidate its interactions with the human insulin receptor ectodomain. We reveal how an extended A chain can compensate for deletion of B-chain residues, which are essential for activity of native insulin but also compromise therapeutic utility by delaying the onset action, suggesting approaches to develop improved therapeutic insulins. Curiously, a receptor conformation present in low abundance adopts a highly asymmetric structure that displays novel coordination of a single humanized venom insulin using elements from both of the previously characterized site 1 and site 2 interactions.
Theory of Planned Behaviour Based Interventions for Health Behaviour Change in Chronic Diseases Among Low Health-literacy Population: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Paul Biswajit , Kirubakaran Richard , Isaac Rita , Dozier Marshall , Grant Liz , Weller David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Health behaviour can change outcomes in both healthy and diseased populations and are particularly useful in promoting compliance to treatment and maintain fidelity to care seeking and follow-up options in chronic diseases. Interventions to change health behaviour based on psychological theory more often successful than those without any underlying theory. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) is one such psychological theory which had been found to predict human behaviour with respect to disease prevention and when applied to interventions can change the outcomes of diseases. Most of the research evidence of TPB based interventions have been from developed world. Evidence is required whether TPB based interventions can be applied and works in low resource, low health literacy settings of low and middle income countries (LMICs).Methods The protocol has been developed as per PRISMA-P guidelines and incorporates PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcomes) framework for describing the methodology. Population above 18 years of age and having any chronic disease will be selected while any health or educational intervention based on constructs of TPB will be included. Comparison will be with non TPB based interventions or treatment as usual without any intervention and the primary outcome will be the behaviour change effected by the TPB based intervention. Intervention studies will be considered and relevant databases like MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and ProQuest will be explored. Data extraction will done in a standardised form and quality assessment will be done using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Tool for Assessing the Risk of Bias. Narrative synthesis of the selected studies will be done to draw the conclusions and meta-analysis will be done if the heterogeneity is less than 50% by I-2 statistics.Discussion This systematic review will provide new evidence on fidelity and effectiveness of the TPB based interventions among chronic disease patients in low health literacy population of LMIC settings. This will provide us with new knowledge of how to plan and use such interventions to change health behaviour in chronic disease patients.Systematic review registration this protocol has been registered in PROSPERO with registration no. CRD42018104890.
Joint profiling of gene expression and chromatin accessibility of amphioxus development at single cell resolution
Authors: Ma Pengcheng , Liu Xingyan , Liu Huimin , Xu Zaoxu , Ding Xiangning , Huang Zhen , Shi Chenggang , Liang Langchao , Xu Luohao , Li Xiaolu , Li Guimei , He Yuqi , Ding Zhaoli , Chai Chaochao , Wang Haoyu , Qiu Jiaying , Zhu Jiacheng , Wang Xiaoling , Ding Peiwen , Zhou Si , Yuan Yuting , Wu Wendi , Yan Yanan , Zhou Yitao , Zhou Qi-Jun , Wang Guo-Dong , Zhang Qiujin , Xu Xun , Li Guang , Zhang Shihua , Mao Bingyu , Chen Dongsheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Vertebrate evolution was accompanied with two rounds of whole genome duplication followed by functional divergence in terms of regulatory circuits and gene expression patterns. As a basal and slow-evolving chordate species, amphioxus is an ideal paradigm for exploring the origin and evolution of vertebrates. Single cell sequencing has been widely employed to construct the developmental cell atlas of several key species of vertebrates (human, mouse, zebrafish and frog) and tunicate (sea squirts). Here, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and single-cell assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) for different stages of amphioxus (covering embryogenesis and adult tissues). With the datasets generated we constructed the developmental tree for amphioxus cell fate commitment and lineage specification, and revealed the underlying key regulators and genetic regulatory networks. The generated data were integrated into an online platform, AmphioxusAtlas, for public access at http://120.79.46.200:81/AmphioxusAtlas.
Imaging Angiogenesis in Atherosclerosis in Large Arteries with 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD PET/CT: Relationship with Clinical Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: DIETZ Matthieu , Kamani Christel H. , Deshayes Emmanuel , Dunet Vincent , Mitsakis Periklis , Coukos George , Lalonde Marie Nicod , Schaefer Niklaus , Prior John O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIntegrin alpha-V-beta-3 (αvβ3) pathway is involved in intraplaque angiogenesis and inflammation and represents a promising target for molecular imaging in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical correlates of arterial wall accumulation of 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD, a specific αvβ3 integrin ligand for PET. Materials and methodsThe data of 44 patients who underwent 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD PET/CT scans were retrospectively analyzed. Tracer accumulation in the vessel wall of major arteries was analyzed semi-quantitatively by blood-pool-corrected target-to-background ratios. Tracer uptake was compared with clinically documented atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors and calcified plaque burden. Data were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation. Results68Ga-NODAGA-RGD arterial uptake was significantly higher in patients with previous clinically documented atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (mean TBR 2.44 [2.03-2.55] vs. 1.81 [1.56-1.96], p = 0.001) and showed a significant correlation with prior cardiovascular or cerebrovascular event (r = 0.34, p = 0.024), BMI (r = 0.38, p = 0.01), plaque burden (r = 0.31, p = 0.04), and hypercholesterolemia (r= 0.31, p = 0.04).Conclusions68Ga-NODAGA-RGD holds promise as a non-invasive marker of disease activity in atherosclerosis, providing information about intraplaque angiogenesis.
Detection and Defense of Network Virus using Data Mining Technology
Authors: Li Zhijun , Jiang Xuedong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The spread of network viruses has posed a serious threat to the security of the network; therefore, it is necessary to detect and defend them effectively. This paper used Debug application programming interface (API) technology to obtain the features of API calls as viruses, filtered API calls according to information entropy, and finally used the support vector machine (SVM) model for virus detection. The experimental results showed that when the number of API was 1200, the algorithm had the best virus detection performance, with an average true positive rate (TPR) of 95.2%, a false positive rate (FPR) of 3.31%, and an overall accuracy of 95.42%; compared with the K-means algorithm and Naive Bayes algorithm, the SVM algorithm had the best performance. The results show that the proposed method is effective in virus detection and defense and can be further promoted and applied in practice.
Emergency Department Utilisation Among Older Adults - Protocol for a Systematic Review of Determinants and Conceptual Frameworks
Authors: Tang Xuan Rong , Pek Pin Pin , Siddiqui Fahad Javaid , Malhotra Rahul , Kwan Yu Heng , Ling Tiah , Ho Andrew Fu Wah , Ong Marcus Eng Hock 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOlder adults aged 65 years and above have a disproportionately higher utilization of emergency healthcare, of which Emergency Department (ED) visits are a key component. They tend to require more extensive workup, therefore spending a greater amount of time in the ED. The rise in the older adult population globally may contribute to worsening overcrowding in many EDs. When older adults visit the ED, they are at higher risk of hospitalisation and adverse events compared to younger patients. Following discharge from the ED, older adults often experience functional decline and reduction in mobility, which may not improve within a year. In this paper, we present a protocol for a systematic review of the determinants of ED utilisation among community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above, applying Andersen and Newman’s model of healthcare utilisation. Furthermore, we aim to present other conceptual frameworks for healthcare utilisation and propose a holistic approach for understanding the determinants of ED utilisation by older persons.Methods The protocol is developed in accordance with the standards of Campbell Collaboration guidelines for systematic reviews, with reference to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions. Medline, Embase and Scopus will be searched for studies published from 2000 to 2020. Studies evaluating more than one determinant for ED utilisation among older adults aged 65 years and above will be included. Search process and selection of studies will be presented in a PRISMA flow chart. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) determinants of ED utilisation will be grouped according to individual and societal determinants. Quality of the studies will be assessed using Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Discussion In Andersen and Newman’s model, individual determinants include predisposing factors, enabling and illness factors, and societal determinants include technology and social norms. Additional conceptual frameworks for healthcare utilisation include Health Belief Model, Social Determinants of Health and Big Five personality traits. By incorporating the concepts of these models, we hope to develop a holistic approach of conceptualizing the factors that influence ED utilisation among older people. Systematic review registrationThis protocol is registered on 8 May 2021 with PROSPERO’s International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews but pending confirmation.
The eGFR Change and Risk Factors in Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease Patients after Successful HCV Clearance by Direct Anti-viral Agents
Authors: Hu Yen-Chi , Lan Keng-Hsin , Lu Chia-Ling , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Hou Ming-Chih 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background –Chronic HCV infection is related not only to chronic kidney disease(CKD) but also accelerates renal deterioration. Treatment with Direct-acting antiviralagents (DAA) could slow renal function decline in some trials, but the long-termoutcomes of renal function changes following HCV elimination by DAA remainedinconclusive. Methods – This retrospective study analyzed the data of HCV infected patients withCKD stage 3 who were treated with DAA and achieved sustained virologic response at12weeks after treatment (SVR12) during 2017-2020 at a single medical center. Results – Among 130 HCV infection and CKD stage 3 patients treated with DAA, 77patients had no eGFR decline at SVR 12, and 53 patients had eGFR declined at SVR12. The eGFR change on SVR 12 can be predictor for eGFR change on SVR96 (Oddratio 3.088, p= 0.053). Patients with Diabetes Mellites (DM) (p=0.016, OR 2.6) ishighly associated with eGFR decline after DAA treatment. Renal functiondeterioration during DAA treatment is associated to long-term renal functiondecline(p=0.000). Lower HCV RNA titer(p=0.024), higher baseline MELD score(p=0.008), or con-current malignant disease under treatment(p=0.044) are more vulnerable to eGFR decrease upon DAA treatment. Conclusion –Among patients with HCV infection and CKD stage 3, comorbidity withDM, have less benefit to renal function after HCV elimination by DAA. Higherbaseline HCV RNA viral load and MELD score are precipitating factors to the renalfunction impairment. Treatment to malignant disease, either by systemic or localizedtreatment, increases the risk of renal function impairment during DAA treatment.The eGFR change on SVR 12 can be used to predict long-term eGFR change for theCKD stage 3 patients.
Molecular Remission at T cell level in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Inamo Jun , Suzuki Katsuya , Takeshita Masaru , Kondo Yasushi , Okuzono Yuumi , Koga Keiko , Kassai Yoshiaki , Takiguchi Maiko , Kurisu Rina , Yoshimura Akihiko , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction.
While numerous disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have brought about a dramatic paradigm shift in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), unmet needs remain, such as the small proportion of patients who achieve drug-free status. The aim of this study was to explore key molecules for remission at the T cell level, which are known to be deeply involved in RA pathogenesis, and investigate the disease course of patients who achieved molecular remission (MR).
Methods.
We enrolled a total of 46 patients with RA and 10 healthy controls (HCs). We performed gene expression profiling and selected remission signature genes in CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells from patients with RA using machine learning methods. In addition, we investigated the benefits of achieving MR on disease control.
Results.
We identified 9 and 23 genes that were associated with clinical remission in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that their expression profiling was similar to those in HCs. For the remission signature genes in CD4+ T cells, the PCA result was reproduced using a validation cohort, indicating the robustness of these genes. A trend toward better disease control was observed during 12 months of follow-up in patients treated with tocilizumab in deep MR compared with those in non-deep MR, although the difference was not significant.
Conclusion.
We identified robust genes that represent remission status in CD4+ T cells using machine learning techniques. The current study will promote our understanding of the molecular mechanisms necessary to achieve deep remission during the management of RA.
Trial registration:
Not required.
Use of Transcriptional Age Grading Technique to Determine the Chronological Age of Sri Lankan Female Dengue Mosquitoes; Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus
Authors: Weeraratne Thilini Chathurika , Karunaratne S.H.P. Parakrama , Reimer Lisa S. , de Silva W.A.P. Priyanka , Wondji Charles S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are important vectors of human diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and zika. In Sri Lanka, they have been responsible for transmitting the dengue virus. One of the most important parameters that affect the likelihood of arbovirus transmission is the age structure of the mosquito population. However, mosquito age is difficult to measure with accuracy. This study aims to construct Multivariate calibration models using the transcriptional abundance of three age responsive genes: Ae15848 (calcium-binding protein), Ae8505 (structural component of cuticle), and Ae4274 (fizzy cell cycle/cell division cycle 20). Methods: Transcriptional age grading technique was applied to determine the chronological age of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus female mosquito strains from Sri Lanka using the age responsive genes; Ae15848, Ae8505, and Ae4274. Further to investigate the influence of temperature on this age grading technique. Expression levels of these three genes were quantified using reverse transcription qualitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and results were normalized against the housekeeping gene ribosomal gene S17 (RsP17).Results: The expression of Ae15848 and Ae8505 decreased with the age of mosquitoes and, showed the most significant and consistent change while expression of Ae4274 increased with age. The multivariate calibration models showed more than 80% correlation between expression of these age responsive genes and the age of female mosquitoes at both temperatures. At 270C the accuracy of age predictions using the models was 2.19 (±1.66) and 2.58 (±2.06) days for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus females, respectively. The accuracy of the model for Ae. aegypti at 230C was 3.42 (±2.74). Conclusions: An adult rearing temperature difference of 40C (230C to 270C) did not significantly affect the age predictions. The calibration models created during this study could be successfully used to estimate the age of wild Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes from Sri Lanka.