bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total dairy consumption in relation to overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Babio Nancy , Becerra‐Tomás Nerea , Nishi Stephanie K. , López‐González Leyre , Paz‐Graniel Indira , García‐Gavilán Jesús , Schröder Helmut , Martín‐Calvo Nerea , Salas‐Salvadó Jordi 
Published: December 2021

SummaryA systematic review and meta‐analysis of cross‐sectional and prospective cohort studies was conducted to assess the associations between total dairy consumption and its different subtypes with the prevalence and incidence of overweight, obesity, and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. A literature search was conducted in Medline through PUBMED and Cochrane Library databases until October 18, 2021. Articles reporting the risk estimates as odd ratios (OR), risk ratios (RR), or hazard ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between dairy product consumption and the risk of overweight and/or obesity were included. In the meta‐analysis from cross‐sectional studies, results showed an inverse association between total dairy consumption and obesity prevalence (OR (95% CI): 0.66 (0.48–0.91). No significant associations were found between milk or yogurt and obesity prevalence risk. Regarding prospective studies, total milk consumption was positively associated with overweight prevalence (OR (95% CI): 1.13 (1.01–1.26)) and incidence (RR (95%CI): 1.17 (1.01–1.35)) risk. Evidence from pooled analysis of cross‐sectional studies suggested an inverse association between total dairy consumption and obesity. However, there is limited and no conclusive evidence to confirm an inverse relationship from pooled analysis of prospective studies in children and adolescents.
Validation of a new combined transcutaneous tcPCO2 and tcPO2 sensor in children in the operating theater
Authors: van Wijk Jan J. , van Weteringen Willem , Hoeks Sanne E. , Staals Lonneke M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundArterial blood gas analysis is the gold standard for monitoring of PaCO2 and PaO2 during mechanical ventilation. However, continuous measurements would be preferred. Transcutaneous sensors continuously measure blood gases diffusing from the locally heated skin. These sensors have been validated in children mostly in intensive care settings. Accuracy in children during general anesthesia is largely unknown.AimsWe conducted a study in children undergoing general anesthesia to validate the use and to determine the accuracy of continuous transcutaneous measurements of the partial pressures of PCO2 (tcPCO2) and PO2 (tcPO2).MethodsA prospective observational study in a tertiary care pediatric hospital in The Netherlands, from April to October 2018, in children aged 0–18 years undergoing general anesthesia. Patients were included when endotracheally intubated and provided with an arterial catheter for regular blood sampling. Patients with a gestational age <31 weeks, burn victims, and patients with skin disease were excluded. TcPCO2 and tcPO2 measurements were performed with a SenTec OxiVenT™ sensor (SenTec AG). Accuracy was determined with an agreement analysis between arterial and transcutaneous PCO2 and PO2 values, and between arterial and endtidal PCO2 (etCO2) values, according to Bland and Altman, accounting for multiple measurements per subject.ResultsWe included 53 patients (median age 4.1 years, IQR 0.7–14.4 years) and retrieved 175 samples. TcPCO2‐PaCO2 agreement analysis provided a bias of 0.06 kPa (limits of agreement (LOA) −1.18 to 1.31), the etCO2‐PaCO2 agreement showed a bias of −0.31 kPa (LOA −1.38 to 0.76). Results of the tcPO2‐PaO2 agreement showed a bias of 3.40 to 0.86* (mean tension) kPa.ConclusionsThis study showed good agreement between PaCO2 and tcPCO2 in children of all ages during general anesthesia. Both transcutaneous and endtidal CO2 measurements showed good accuracy. TcPO2 is only accurate under 6 months of age.
External validation and comparison of risk score models in pediatric heart transplants
Authors: Dani Alia , Heidel Justin S. , Qiu Tingting , Zhang Yin , Ni Yizhao , Hossain Md Monir , Chin Clifford , Morales David L. S. , Huang Bin , Zafar Farhan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPediatric heart transplant (PHT) patients have the highest waitlist mortality of solid organ transplants, yet more than 40% of viable hearts are unutilized. A tool for risk prediction could impact these outcomes. This study aimed to compare and validate the PHT risk score models (RSMs) in the literature.MethodsThe literature was reviewed to identify RSMs published. The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry was used to validate the published models identified in a pediatric cohort (<18 years) transplanted between 2017 and 2019 and compared against the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) 2021 model. Primary outcome was post‐transplant 1‐year mortality. Odds ratios were obtained to evaluate the association between risk score groups and 1‐year mortality. Area under the curve (AUC) was used to compare the RSM scores on their goodness‐of‐fit, using Delong's test.ResultsSix recipient and one donor RSMs published between 2008 and 2021 were included in the analysis. The validation cohort included 1,003 PHT. Low‐risk groups had a significantly better survival than high‐risk groups as predicted by Choudhry (OR = 4.59, 95% CI [2.36–8.93]) and Fraser III (3.17 [1.43–7.05]) models. Choudhry's and SRTR models achieved the best overall performance (AUC = 0.69 and 0.68, respectively). When adjusted for CHD and ventricular assist device support, all models reported better predictability [AUC > 0.6]. Choudhry (AUC = 0.69) and SRTR (AUC = 0.71) remained the best predicting RSMs even after adjustment.ConclusionAlthough the RSMs by SRTR and Choudhry provided the best prediction for 1‐year mortality, none demonstrated a strong (AUC ≥ 0.8) concordance statistic. All published studies lacked advanced analytical approaches and were derived from an inherently limited dataset.
An Integrated Biosecurity Risk Assessment Model (IBRAM) For Evaluating the Risk of Import Pathways for the Establishment of Invasive Species
Authors: Jamieson Lisa E. , Woodberry Owen , Mascaro Steven , Meurisse Nicolas , Jaksons Rodelyn , Brown Samuel D. J. , Ormsby Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn important aspect of analyzing the risk of unwanted organisms establishing in an area is understanding the pathways by which they arrive. Evaluating the risks of these pathways requires use of data from multiple sources, which frequently are uncertain. To address the needs of agencies responsible for biosecurity operations, we present an Integrated Biosecurity Risk Assessment Model (IBRAM) for evaluating the risk of establishment and dispersal of invasive species along trade pathways. The IBRAM framework consists of multiple linked models which describe pest entry into the country, escape along trade pathways, initial dispersal into the environment, habitat suitability, probabilities of establishment and spread, and the consequences of these invasions. Bayesian networks (BN) are used extensively to model these processes. The model includes dynamic BN components and geographic data, resulting in distributions of output parameters over spatial and temporal axes. IBRAM is supported by a web‐based tool that allows users to run the model on real‐world pest examples and investigate the impact of alternative risk management scenarios, to explore the effect of various interventions and resource allocations. Two case studies are provided as examples of how IBRAM may be used: Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are unwanted organisms with the potential to invade Aotearoa New Zealand, and IBRAM has been influential in evaluating the efficacy of pathway management to mitigate the risk of their establishment in the country.
Associations among child temperament, parenting, and young children's moral and conventional understanding: The moderating role of self‐regulation
Authors: Yoo Ha Na , Smetana Judith G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe current study examined the role of child temperament, parenting, and their interactions in 2‐ to 6‐year‐olds’ (n = 112; Mage = 3.82 years, SD = 1.01) moral and social‐conventional understanding. Children's judgments regarding hypothetical moral and conventional transgressions were assessed in a semi‐structured interview administered on an iPad. Parents reported on their child's temperamental self‐regulation (i.e., effortful control) and negative affect, as well as their own parenting practices (hostility and positive affect); children's self‐regulatory behavior was assessed during a snack delay task. Parent‐rated child effortful control was associated with greater distinctions between moral and conventional judgments, as estimated using latent difference score modeling, but only when parents were high in positive affect. Parental hostility was associated negatively with moral‐conventional domain distinctions, but only for children with poorer behavioral self‐regulation. Finally, children high in negative affect differentiated moral and social‐conventional transgressions more only when they were rated as high in effortful control by parents. The results demonstrated that an interplay between child temperament and parenting was associated with the development of young children's moral and social‐conventional understanding.
Maternal caregiving, prosocial behavior, and self‐esteem in middle childhood
Authors: Coulombe Brianne R. , Yates Tuppett M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study assessed maternal caregiving quality and children's prosocial behavior as related to changes in child self‐esteem from early childhood across the transition into formal schooling. Although a robust literature indicates that sensitive caregiving promotes self‐esteem, less is known about the potential contribution of children's positive social behavior to enhanced self‐esteem. This study drew on a diverse sample of young children (N = 250; Mage = 4.085, SD = .249; 50% female, 50% male; 46% Latinx) to evaluate prospective relations between an observational assessment of sensitive maternal caregiving at the age of 4 and child reports of self‐esteem at the age of 8 as mediated by teacher‐reports of children's prosocial behavior at the age of 6. Analyses revealed a significant indirect pathway whereby sensitive maternal caregiving promoted children's self‐esteem via children's prosocial behavior. These findings highlight both sensitive caregiving and children's prosocial behavior as promising points of intervention to bolster children's self‐esteem.
Social development quartet: Benefits of intergroup connections: Examining associations between peer networks and academic and socio‐emotional competencies of diverse youth
Authors: Neal Jennifer Watling 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis Social Development quartet highlights how social network approaches can enhance developmental researchers’ understanding of the benefits of intergroup connections for diverse youth. The introduction provides an overview of the four included articles, highlighting their common and unique contributions to the literature. The first article describes four relational mechanisms that could explain the benefits of intergroup connections and summarizes promising social network methods that can be used to explore these mechanisms. The second article examines how friends’ parental education is associated with the academic outcomes of adolescents from socioeconomically and ethnoracially diverse backgrounds. The remaining two articles examine how cross‐linguistic relationships at the individual and setting level are associated with academic and social outcomes for youth. As a set these articles represent multiple types of intergroup connections, network relationships (e.g., friendship, affiliation, academic collaboration) and settings (e.g., schools, classrooms, afterschool programs). They provide a nuanced account of the benefits of intergroup connections and offer promising future directions for research.
Tensor‐CA: A high‐performance cellular automata model for land use simulation based on vectorization and GPU
Authors: Zhuang Haoming , Liu Xiaoping , Liang Xun , Yan Yuchao , He Jinqiang , Cai Yiling , Wu Changjiang , Zhang Xinchang , Zhang Honghui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith the ability to understand linkages and feedbacks between land use dynamics and human–land relationships, cellular automata (CA) are extensively applied in land use/cover change (LUCC) simulation. However, with complex transition rules and a growing volume of spatial data, conventional serial CA models cannot meet the demands of efficient computation. In this article, a Tensor‐CA model using vectorization and Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) technology based on a tensor computation framework for optimizing multiple LUCC simulations is presented. Complex transition rules of LUCC‐CA models are vectorized and formalized to tensor operations which are effectively solved by GPU. The proposed Tensor‐CA model was applied to LUCC simulations in the Pearl River Delta of China. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model effectively improved the performance compared to Serial‐CA, Parallel‐CA, and GPU‐CA.
Determination of the efficacy rate and time‐to‐efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Tham Heng L. , Olivry Thierry 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundAllergen‐specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is reported to have a success rate of 50–70% when given for up to 12 months to dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). How soon ASIT is clinically effective is unclear.ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy rate (ER) and time‐to‐efficacy (TTE) of various types of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) administered using conventional dosing regimens using the methodology of a critically appraised topic.Methods and materialsThree databases were searched to extract information on the ER and TTE of SCIT in dogs with AD. Herein, “efficacy” was defined as a ≥50% reduction in pruritus and/or skin lesions, and the TTE as the time needed to achieve such a reduction.ResultsWe selected 12 publications including 194 dogs. The ER was significantly higher with the polymerised allergoids coupled with nonoxidized mannan than for the “classic” aqueous and alum‐precipitated SCIT types. A TTE of three months or shorter was seen in a significantly higher proportion of dogs receiving mannan‐couple allergoids, pullulan‐conjugated Der f 2 or tyrosine‐adjuvanted than aqueous or alum‐precipitated SCIT; with the latter two formulations, the TTE might be nine months or longer in ≤20% of atopic dogs.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn spite of the low number of articles available for review and small number of enrolled dogs, novel SCIT regimens appear to have a faster – and possibly higher – efficacy than the currently available aqueous or alum‐precipitated formulations. A standardisation of outcome measures for ASIT clearly is needed to allow a more meaningful comparison between SCIT types.
High‐field MRI using standard pulse sequences has moderate to substantial interobserver agreement and good accuracy for differentiation between intracranial extra‐axial histiocytic sarcoma and meningioma in dogs
Authors: Mai Wilfried , Burke Emily E. , Reetz Jennifer A. , Hecht Silke , Paek Matthew , Church Molly E. , Werre Stephen R. , Mariani Christopher L. , Griffin John F. , Glass Eric N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntracranial extra‐axial histiocytic sarcoma shares common MRI features with meningioma. As histiocytic sarcoma carries a generally worse prognosis than meningioma, the ability to differentiate between these two neoplasms is of clinical value. The aim of this retrospective diagnostic accuracy and observer agreement study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of high‐field MRI to differentiate between these two tumors, using standard pulse sequences and published MRI features. A total of 51 dogs were included (26 meningiomas and 25 histiocytic sarcomas). Magnetic resonance imaging examinations were independently assessed by three experienced board‐certified radiologists, evaluating 18 imaging features. They were asked to assign each case to one of three categories (meningioma, histiocytic sarcoma, and undetermined). Agreement for the MRI diagnosis across all three reviewers was moderate (κ 0.54) while paired interobserver agreement ranged from moderate to substantial (κ 0.58‐0.74) with percent agreement ranging between 86.1% and 87.7%. Overall, the probability of correctly diagnosing meningioma in a dog with this tumor ranged between 79.2% and 94.4%, and the probability of correctly diagnosing histiocytic sarcoma in a dog with this tumor ranged between 76.0% and 92.3%. The overall probability to diagnose the correct tumor, irrespective of type, ranged between 79.2% and 89.7%. Histiocytic sarcomas tended to have more extensive edema and more often had combined perilesional and distant meningeal enhancement affecting both pachy‐ and leptomeninges, while for meningiomas, meningeal enhancement tended to more commonly be perilesional and pachymeningeal. Imaging features that seemed more useful to make a correct diagnosis included “location/type of meningeal enhancement,” “osseous changes in the adjacent neurocranium,” “cystic changes,” and “herniation severity.”
A review of the biology, distribution patterns and management of the invasive species Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson (Palmer amaranth): Current and future management challenges
Authors: Roberts Jason , Florentine Singarayer 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAmaranthus palmeri S. Watson (Palmer amaranth) is an invasive agricultural weed that has quickly risen from a state of relative obscurity to now being globally regarded as one of the most economically destructive and difficult to manage weed species. It is now found in more than 45 countries where it poses a serious threat to agricultural production systems. Amaranthus palmeri is known to aggressively compete against crop plants for resources such as light, space, nutrients and soil moisture, all of which can result in significant crop yield reduction or even lead to crop failure. It has also been reported that A. palmeri is highly prone to evolve herbicide resistance; this makes management exceedingly challenging. Whilst there have been several control approaches introduced to manage the spread and impact of A. palmeri, many of them require more specific and focused research for their successful local and widespread application. In this regard, this global review explores the species’ biology and global distribution patterns, together with previous and current management strategies. It also explores and identifies promising areas of research that still require further investigation to more confidently assist in the control and containment of this globally concerning weed.
Early-life imprinting of unconventional T cells and tissue homeostasis
Authors: Constantinides Michael G. , Belkaid Yasmine 
Published: December 2021

Atypical T cells take a different path
Conventional T cells recognize peptides that are presented by polymorphic major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). By contrast, many tissue-resident T cells, such as mucosal-associated invariant T cells, invariant natural killer T cells, and γδ T cells, respond to modified peptides and small molecules presented by conserved MHC-like molecules. Unconventional T cells are important for host defense and tissue repair and seed tissues during critical early-life windows of development. Constantinides and Belkaid review recent advances describing how unconventional T cell subsets compete for early-life signals, including those from the microbiota, which instruct their development and have enduring consequences for the health of the host. —STS
Comparative Study of the Phenotypic Structure and Photoperiodic Responses of Female Asian Ladybirds Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) from Moscow, Belgorod, and Sochi
Authors: Belyakova N. A. , Ovchinnikov A. N. , Bezman-Moseyko O. S. , Reznik S. Ya. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Insect invasions are often accompanied by changes in the phenotypic structure of the populations and in the photoperiodic responses that regulate seasonal cycles. The Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis has been recently discovered in Krasnodar Territory, from whence it is now gradually colonizing Central Russia. Our comparative study of individuals collected in 2020 in Sochi, Belgorod Province, and Moscow Province shows that interpopulation differences in their phenotypic structure are nonsignificant. The proportion of the light morph succinea is 77–83%; the proportion of the most common dark morph, spectabilis, is 13–20%. Laboratory experiments show that females from all the studied populations exhibit only a weak photoperiodic response. Comparative analysis reveals that females from the more northerly Moscow and Belgorod populations have a somewhat greater tendency to diapause and slightly delay reproductive maturation.
Modern Concepts on Diamond Genesis
Authors: Kaminsky F. V. , Voropaev S. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe best-known, most well-studied diamondiferous rocks are kimberlites and lamproites. Diamonds are also found in impactites, metamorphic rocks, ophiolites, and modern volcanic rocks. Diamonds from these rocks differ from kimberlitic diamonds in size, morphology, trace-element and isotope composition, and physical properties. Differences in these characteristics are related to their different mechanisms of origin. In some cases, diamonds can be formed in “metastable” conditions under disequilibrium thermodynamic parameters, supporting the conclusion that diamond is a polygenetic mineral, formed in nature under different physicochemical and geodynamic conditions. According to thermodynamic considerations and calculations, “metastable” crystallization of diamond is mainly controlled by the size of the forming crystallites. The main effectors in decreasing the energetic barrier for nanosized diamonds are surface tension and related surface energy.