bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of metal‐oxide nanoparticle presence and alginate cross‐linking on cellulose nanocrystal‐based aerogels
Authors: Goikuria Uribarri , Larrañaga Aitor , Lizundia Erlantz , Vilas José Luis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn a context where environmentally friendly materials development is becoming essential, cellulose is achieving a great importance. Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) hierarchical and nanostructured porous network is a versatile nanoparticle support to fabricate nanocomposites for different solutions. In this work, CNC‐based aerogels loaded with copper and palladium‐oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by nitrate precursor reduction followed by freeze‐drying, after a scalable, surfactantless and room temperature process. The in situ produced nanoparticles are entrapped by CNC due to ionic interactions and aerogels show an uniformly colored macroscopic appearance. Metal oxide nanoparticle (MOx) mediated hybridization promotes remarkable changes in CNC wettability, free surface energy and thermal stability. These modifications are dependent on the type of metal precursor and concentration and have been analyzed by different techniques. Overall, obtained CNC hybrid aerogels are lightweight (12–30 mg.cm−3) and highly porous (98%–99%). Finally, more mechanically resistant hybrid aerogels have been synthesized through the incorporation of sodium alginate and tested by compressive stress measurements.
shrub is required for spermatogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Chen Meng‐Yan , Tayyeb Abdulqadir , Wang Yu‐Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractShrub (CG8055) encodes the vps32/snf7 protein, a filament‐forming subunit of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport)‐III complex involved in inward membrane budding. It was reported that shrub was required for abscission in female germline stem cells. In this study, we showed that the expression level of shrub in the testis was significantly higher than that in the ovary of 1‐day‐old Drosophila melanogaster, suggesting a role in male reproduction. Then we used nosGal4 driver to knockdown shrub specifically in the fly testis and found that this resulted in a significantly lower paternal effect egg hatch rate relative to the control group. Immunofluorescence staining showed that shrub knockdown in fly testes caused an accumulation of early‐stage germ cells and lack of spectrin caps. In the late stages (spermiogenesis), the control testis contained multiple compacted spermatid bundles and individualization complexes (ICs) consisting of actin cones, whereas there were scattered spermatid nuclei and only a few ICs with disorganized actin cones in the shrub knockdown testis. Finally, the control seminal vesicle was full of mature sperms with needle‐like heads, but in shrub knockdown testis 75% of seminal vesicles had no mature sperms. We also found that knockdown of shrub in fly testes led to upregulated expression of several cytoskeleton‐associated genes, and an accumulation of ubiquitylated proteins. These results suggest that knockdown of shrub in fly testes might damage spermatogenesis by affecting transportability.
The flavonoid 3′‐hydroxylase gene from the Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans is involved in regulating oxidative and salt stress tolerance
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Liu Shenghao , Wang Huijuan , Chen Kaoshan , Zhang Pengying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFlavonoids are the important secondary metabolites. They are thought to play an important role in plant adaptation to terrestrial environment. However, the downstream branching pathway of flavonoids in bryophytes, which are the most ancient of terrestrial plants, remains unclear. Here, we cloned a flavonoid 3′‐hydroxylase gene (PnF3′H) from the Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans and studied its function in plant stress tolerance. The Arabidopsis with overexpressing PnF3′H (AtOE) were constructed. The AtOE plants had more lateral roots and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes than the wild‐type plants under oxidative stress. Meanwhile, the gene expression levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers (i.e., AtCAT3, AtFeSOD1, and AtCu‐ZnSOD3) were upregulated in the AtOE plants, and the transcription levels of ROS producing enzyme genes were significantly downregulated. The AtOE plans showed increased sensitivity to NaCl stress or abscisic acid (ABA) treatment during seed germination and early root development. Furthermore, several stress‐resistant genes in the ABA signaling pathway were also downregulated in the AtOE plants when compared with the wild‐type plants. These results suggested that PnF3′H participates in regulating the oxidative tolerance and ABA sensitivity to enable P. nutans to adapt to polar environments.
How biopsychosocial depressive risk shapes behavioral and neural responses to social evaluation in adolescence
Authors: Stretton Jason , Walsh Nicholas D , Mobbs Dean , Schweizer Susanne , van Harmelen Anne‐Laura , Lombardo Michael , Goodyer Ian , Dalgleish Tim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding the emotional responsivity style and neurocognitive profiles of depression‐related processes in at‐risk youth may be helpful in revealing those most likely to develop affective disorders. However, the multiplicity of biopsychosocial risk factors makes it difficult to disentangle unique and combined effects at a neurobiological level.MethodsIn a population‐derived sample of 56 older adolescents (aged 17–20), we adopted partial least squares regression and correlation models to explore the relationships between multivariate biopsychosocial risks for later depression, emotional response style, and fMRI activity, to rejecting and inclusive social feedback.ResultsBehaviorally, higher depressive risk was associated with both reduced negative affect following negative social feedback and reduced positive affect following positive social feedback. In response to both cues of rejection and inclusion, we observed a general neural pattern of increased cingulate, temporal, and striatal activity in the brain. Secondly, in response to rejection only, we observed a pattern of activity in ostensibly executive control‐ and emotion regulation‐related brain regions encompassing fronto‐parietal brain networks including the angular gyrus.ConclusionThe results suggest that risk for depression is associated with a pervasive emotional insensitivity in the face of positive and negative social feedback.
Longitudinal mental health outcomes of combat‐injured service members
Authors: Walker Lauren E. , Watrous Jessica , Poltavskiy Eduard , Howard Jeffrey T. , Janak Jud C. , Pettey Warren B. P. , Zarzabal Lee Ann , Sim Alan , Gundlapalli Adi , Stewart Ian J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between traumatic injury and subsequent mental health diagnoses is not well understood and may have significant implications for patient screening and clinical intervention. We sought to determine the adjusted association between traumatic injury and the subsequent development of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety.MethodsUsing Department of Defense and Veterans Affairs datasets between February 2002 and June 2016, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 7,787 combat‐injured United States service members matched 1:1 to combat‐deployed, uninjured service members. The primary exposure was combat injury versus no combat injury. Outcomes were diagnoses of PTSD, depression, and anxiety, defined by International Classification of Diseases 9th and 10th Revision Clinical Modification codes.ResultsCompared to noninjured service members, injured service members had higher observed incidence rates per 100 person‐years for PTSD (17.1 vs. 5.8), depression (10.4 vs. 5.7), and anxiety (9.1 vs. 4.9). After adjustment, combat‐injured patients were at increased risk of development of PTSD (HR 2.92, 95%CI 2.68–3.17), depression (HR 1.47, 95%CI 1.36–1.58), and anxiety (HR 1.34, 95%CI 1.24–1.45).ConclusionsTraumatic injury is associated with subsequent development of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. These findings highlight the importance of increased screening, prevention, and intervention in patients with exposure to physical trauma.
Diagnosis of Stage III Periodontitis and Ambiguities of the “Gray Zones” in Between Stage III and Stage IV
Authors: Sirinirund Benyapha , Di Gianfilippo Riccardo , Yu Shan‐Huey , Wang Hom‐Lay , Kornman Kenneth S. 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionHow to best classify the Stage III and IV periodontitis cases that share common features of the most severe clinical attachment loss and the most severe radiographic bone loss?Case PresentationTwo patients presented features of generalized periodontitis, with severe probing depth and clinical attachment loss that would meet inclusion in both Stage III and IV. The cases retained all teeth but were further complicated by teeth drifting and secondary occlusal trauma. Appropriate disease classification required clinical judgement and led to the final classification of Stage III, Grade C for both cases.ConclusionPatient‐based clinical judgement, aiming for long‐term preservation of natural dentition, drives the final assignment of staging when the case falls in the “gray zone” that focuses on major differences in Stage III and IV periodontitis.
How newspaper images position different groups of people in relation to theCOVID‐19 pandemic: A social representations approach
Authors: Martikainen Jari , Sakki Inari 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study examines newspaper photographs related to the COVID‐19 pandemic in Finland. Drawing on social representations theory and positioning theory, we explore social representations and identities related to COVID‐19 in mass media using a visual rhetoric analysis. More specifically, we focus on how newspaper photographs construct subjects' positions for different age groups. The data consisted of 4,506 photographs of people published in the two largest Finnish newspapers between 1 January and 31 August 2020. The study identified the following subject positions for the different age groups: (a) children as controlled pupils and joyful players; (b) youth as future‐oriented graduates and reckless partygoers; (c) adults as authoritative experts, adaptive professionals, responsible caretakers and active recreationists and (d) elderly people as isolated loners. In addition to echoing the positions of villains, heroes and victims identified in previous studies, the photographs seemed to construct an intergroup divide between adults and the other age groups. Methodologically, this study elaborates the usefulness of the analysis of visual rhetoric in social representations research. Theoretically, we seek to advance the understanding of the role of media, particularly images, in the social construction of knowledge.
Direct measurement of enthalpy and entropy changes in NH3 promoted O2 activation over Cu−CHA at low temperature
Authors: Wang Xueting , Chen Lin , Vennestrøm Peter N. R. , Janssens Ton V. W. , Jansson Jonas , Grönbeck Henrik , Skoglundh Magnus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOxygen activation is a key step in the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia (NH3‐SCR) over Cu‐chabazite. We present direct measurements of oxygen adsorption at low temperatures over [NH3−Cu−NH3]+ complexes and framework‐bound Cu+ species in Cu‐chabazite with Si/Al=14 using isothermal microcalorimetry combined with mass spectrometry. The enthalpy change for O2 adsorption over [NH3−Cu−NH3]+ complexes at 200 °C is determined to be −79 kJ/mol. By fitting a Langmuir isotherm, the corresponding entropy change is determined to be −142 J/(mol*K) at 10 % O2. The results show that O2 adsorption at low temperatures over [NH3−Cu−NH3]+ complexes is more facile than on framework‐bound Cu+ species. The experimental results are in agreement with density functional theory calculations showing a lower barrier for O2 activation over the [NH3−Cu−NH3]+ complexes as compared to the framework‐bound Cu+ species.
A 4K score/MRI‐based nomogram for predicting prostate cancer, clinically significant prostate cancer, and unfavorable prostate cancer
Authors: Wagaskar Vinayak G. , Sobotka Stanislaw , Ratnani Parita , Young James , Lantz Anna , Parekh Sneha , Falagario Ugo Giovanni , Li Li , Lewis Sara , Haines Kenneth , Punnen Sanoj , Wiklund Peter , Tewari Ash 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe detection of prostate cancer requires histological confirmation in biopsy core. Currently, number of unnecessary prostate biopsies are being performed in the United States. This is due to the absence of appropriate biopsy decision‐making protocol.AimTo develop and validate a 4K score/multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)‐based nomogram to predict prostate cancer (PCa), clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), and unfavorable prostate cancer (uPCa).Methods and ResultsRetrospective, single‐center study evaluating a cohort of 574 men with 4K score test >7% or suspicious digital rectal examination (DRE) or Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) scores 3, 4, or 5 on mpMRI that underwent systematic and/or mpMRI/ultrasound fusion–targeted prostate biopsy between 2016 and 2020. External cohort included 622 men. csPCa and uPCa were defined as Gleason score ≥3 + 4 and ≥4 + 3 on biopsy, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to build nomogram for predicting PCa, csPCa, and uPCa. Validation was performed by plotting the area under the curve (AUC) and comparing nomogram‐predicted probabilities with actual rates of PCa, csPCa, and uPCa probabilities in the external cohort.4K score, a PI‐RADS ≥4, prostate volume and prior negative biopsy were significant predictors of PCa, csPCa, and uPCa. AUCs were 0.84, 0.88, and 0.86 for the prediction of PCa, csPCa, and uPCa, respectively. The predicted and actual rates of PCa, csPCa, and uPCa showed agreement across all percentage probability ranges in the validation cohort. Using the prediction model at threshold of 30, 30% of overall biopsies, 41% of benign biopsies, and 19% of diagnosed indolent PCa could be avoided, while missing 9% of csPCa.ConclusionThis novel nomogram would reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies and decrease detection of clinically insignificant PCa.
A comparative study on geographic‐based routing algorithms for flying ad‐hoc networks
Authors: Agrawal Juhi , Kapoor Monit 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe advancement of the technology and broad availability of low‐cost devices (e.g., networking technology, micro‐embedded computers, and sensors, etc.) have opened new ways for the expansion of flying ad‐hoc networks (FANETs). The unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have the potential to change their trajectory freely in the case of FANETs. This freedom demands efficient routing to make the network connection smooth. However, designing routing protocols for FANETs is a crucial task for highly dynamic nodes like UAVs. The position‐based routing demonstrated high efficiency and resilience to handle the high mobility of UAV nodes in FANETs as compared to topology‐based routing protocols. Geographic routing protocols utilize the coordinates of the node to greedily proceed toward the destination. This article presents an extensive review of position‐based or geographic routing protocols in FANETs. Previous survey papers have performed a comparative analysis of all the protocols on different network conditions, assumptions, tools, and settings, therefore their performance is not comparable. The novelty of this survey is that this article performs the comparative analysis of various geographic routing protocols by evaluating all the geographic routing protocols over a common network scenario with a varying number of nodes. The starting phase of this article covers the basic outline of FANETs. Thereafter, an absolute study of the geographic based routing protocol has been presented by distinguishing the routing protocols on the basis of path and packet forwarding strategy. This article further emphasizes on the strength, weaknesses, quality of service (QoS), and comparative analysis of the various characteristics of the geographic routing protocols. Finally, a performance comparison summary of all the analyzed routing protocols for FANETs has been presented. The open research issues have been discussed at the end of this article.
Mapping Colombian people's positions regarding the acceptability of political amnesties
Authors: Pineda Marín Claudia , López José Luis , Espitia Manuel Beltrán , Mullet Etienne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study mapped the different personal positions of Colombian adults regarding the determinants of the acceptability of political amnesties in post‐conflict contexts. A total of 380 Colombian adults between the ages of 18 and 80, living either in the capital or in rural areas (Cundinamarca and Chocó), were presented with 24 scenarios describing the situation of an amnesty applicant. They were composed according to a four‐factor schema: the personal willingness to be part of the rebel group at the time of recruitment, the quality of information the applicant was willing to disclose, the presence of an apology, and the level of punishment already suffered. Through cluster analysis, five qualitatively different positions were found: Never acceptable (20%), Almost always acceptable (13%), Depends jointly on the quality of information and repentance (45%), Depends on repentance and volunteering (8%), and Depends only on the quality of information (2%). The remaining participants (12%) did not express a position. For a majority of participants, whether they live in the capital or in rural areas, granting a political amnesty to a combatant is not unacceptable as a matter of principle. For those who believe that amnesty is possible, it must be deserved: the recipient must demonstrate that he or she no longer represents a potential danger to neighbors or future co‐workers. This implies that amnesties are granted on a case‐by‐case basis, after examination of each particular situation.
Adherence and optimization of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptors blockers and beta‐blockers in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure
Authors: Carubelli Valentina , Lombardi Carlo , Specchia Claudia , Peveri Giulia , Oriecuia Chiara , Tomasoni Daniela , Di Pasquale Mattia , Inciardi Riccardo , Garrafa Emirena , Metra Marco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsTreatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)/angiotensin II receptors blockers (ARBs) and beta‐blockers is frequently suboptimal at discharge in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF). We investigated the prognostic significance of medical treatment at discharge and its changes during hospitalization.Methods and resultsIn a retrospective analysis, we included 623 patients hospitalized for AHF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (<40%). The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality and heart failure rehospitalization to Day 180 since hospital discharge. A total of 249 (42.4%) of patients received no ACEi/ARBs/BB or <50% target dose (TD) of these drugs, 249 (42.4%) had either ACEi/ARBs or BB ≥ 50% of TD, and 89 (15.2%) ACEi/ARBs and BB ≥ 50% of TD at discharge. The primary endpoint was significantly lower in patients receiving at least one drug ≥50% of TD compared with no or low‐dose treatment (ACEi/ARBs or BB ≥ 50% TD: adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.49–0.98], P = 0.04; ACEi/ARBs and BB ≥ 50% TD: adjusted HR 0.54, 95% CI [0.30–0.96], P = 0.03). With regard to treatment changes from admission to discharge, therapy was decreased in 258 (44.6%) patients, stable in 194 (33.6%), and increased in 126 (21.8%). Compared with patients with stable therapy, treatment intensification was associated with a lower rate of the primary endpoint (adjusted HR 0.49, 95% CI [0.29–0.83]; P = 0.01).ConclusionsIn patients with AHF, prescription of ACEi/ARBs/BB ≥ 50% TD at the time of discharge, whether achieved or not through treatment intensification during the hospitalization, is associated with better post‐discharge outcomes.
Effect of Nanoplastic Type and Surface Chemistry on Particle Agglomeration over a Salinity Gradient
Authors: Shupe Hannah J. , Boenisch Kylie M. , Harper Bryan J. , Brander Susanne M. , Harper Stacey L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Agglomeration of nanoplastics in waters can alter their transport and fate in the environment. Agglomeration behavior of 4 nanoplastics differing in core composition (red- or blue-dyed polystyrene) and surface chemistry (plain or carboxylated poly[methyl methacrylate] [PMMA]) was investigated across a salinity gradient. No agglomeration was observed for carboxylated PMMA at any salinity, whereas the plain PMMA agglomerated at only 1 g/L. Both the red and the blue polystyrene agglomerated at 25 g/L. Results indicate that both composition and surface chemistry can impact how environmental salinity affects plastic nanoparticle agglomeration. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1820–1826. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Nanoplastic agglomeration behavior across experimental salinity gradients varies depending on plastic type and surface chemistry. PMMA = poly(methyl methacrylate); PS = polystyrene.
Monitoring Trout Response to Instream Flow
Authors: Campbell Ron , Hilgert Phil , Binkley Keith , Beecher Hal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Run-of-river hydropower reduces streamflow between diversion and powerhouse, potentially impacting fish. Hydropower license conditions include instream flows to protect fish, but monitoring instream flow effectiveness to protect fish is rarely reported. Monitoring a trout population before construction (baseline) and during operation of a small hydropower project with instream flows for spawning and incubation, summer rearing, and winter rearing based on a Physical Habitat Simulation System in the state of Washington indicated the instream flow protected the trout. The monitoring plan included decision points based on monitoring results. Increasing or stable population trends would trigger locking in an instream flow for the remainder of the license, while declines would trigger incremental increases in the instream flow, followed by additional monitoring and decision points. Three years of monitoring following beginning of the project indicated an apparent increase in the trout population over baseline, suggesting that the instream flow was protective, triggering finalization of instream flows. An additional year of monitoring conducted after several more years of project operation was consistent with the finding of the first 3 years of operation.
The interplay between the level of voluntary participation and supervisor support on trainee motivation and transfer
Authors: Salamon Janos , Blume Brian D. , Orosz Gábor , Nagy Tamás 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere have been conflicting findings about whether mandatory versus voluntary training leads to more positive training outcomes. We propose moving away from a dichotomous distinction to a more dynamic participation approach to better elucidate theoretical differences relating to self‐determination theory. A sample of 311 trainees from eight companies participated in a variety of open skill (e.g., leadership) training programs. Results indicated that higher levels of voluntary participation were positively related to trainees' transfer motivation and training transfer. We also found that the level of voluntary participation moderates the relationship between supervisor support and both motivation to transfer and training transfer. Supervisor support facilitates trainee motivation and transfer to a larger extent when participation is less voluntary. Future training should be framed and promoted to increase employee motivation to voluntarily participate, especially for employees with less supervisor support.