bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Syndrome of Multiple Fundal Anomalies in Siblings With Microcephaly Without Mental Retardation
Authors: Sheriff Sayed M M , Hegab Samiha 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Chorioretinal and retinal anomalies, among others, have been described in association with true autosomal recessive microcephaly. Accompanying hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium has been described in association with Gardners syndrome.
We present the cases of three siblings (two boys and one girl) with true autosomal recessive microcephaly without mental retardation and without associated systemic anomalies who showed hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium similar to that described in Gardners syndrome. In the boys, these spots were located on a background of fine variations in pigment, with scattered depigmented atrophic areas revealing the sclera in the peripheral and mid peripheral fundus. Superadded white spots were located in front of the retinal vessels. The younger boy also had discrete patches of chorioretinal atrophy of 0.5 to 1 disc diameter. The girl, in addition to the hyperpigmented spots, had a diffuse area of chorioretinal atrophy.
The anomalies described above suggest that congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium is not unique to Gardners syndrome.
Penlight Test for Glare Disability of Cataracts
Authors: Maltzman Barry A , Horan Catherine , Rengel Alison 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe an alternative glare test using a simple penlight. When the glare and decrease in vision created by the penlight were compared on Snellen chart recordings, 92% of eyes within 20/50 or less visual acuity were no longer able to see even the 20/200 Snellen figure. This penlight test is suggested as an adjunct to standard Snellen testing in the evaluation of the cataract surgery patient.
Implantation of a Posterior Chamber Lens Without Capsular Support During Penetrating Keratoplasty or as a Secondary Lens Implant
Authors: Spigelman Alan V , Lindstrom Richard L , Nichols Bruce D , Lindquist Thomas D , Lane Stephen S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We have devised a technique to fixate a posterior chamber lens in the ciliary sulcus when no posterior capsular support exists. Our short-term follow-up of 22 eyes with lenses thus fixated has shown these eyes to be quiet and to have good pupillary motility after at least 3 months. We believe this new technique is a significant advancement in corneal and anterior segment surgery.
Laser Chalazion Removal
Authors: Korn Elliot L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
CO2 laser excision of chalazion can be done successfully in the office with minimal to no bleeding and with complete extirpation of the granulomous tissue. The technique involves using only the CO2 laser and the curette. This method does not require patching of the eye, and contact lens wearing can be resumed within an hour.
Elimination of Monocular Diplopia by Corneal Tattooing
Authors: Reed John W , Beran Robin F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Corneal tattooing to eliminate monocular diplopia secondary to surgical peripheral iris defects was performed successfully in two patients who were unable to tolerate contact lenses. The technique is simple, safe, cosmetically satisfactory, and eliminates the need for patient compliance with contact lens care. Although corneal tattooing is usually considered to have only cosmetic value, these patients demonstrate that it can be therapeutic as well.
Intraocular Pressure Following ECCE and IOL Implantation in Patients With Glaucoma
Authors: Kooner Karanjit S , Dulaney David D , Zimmerman Thom J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Patients with glaucoma may suffer optic nerve head damage due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) after any intraocular procedure. We retrospectively reviewed the IOP data in 82 consecutive patients (103 eyes) with glaucoma after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation. Nine eyes had previous trabeculectomy and three eyes required combined trabeculectomy with ECCE and PC-IOL. The average follow-up period is 1.5 years (range 0.5 to 6 years). The postoperative IOP rise of 8 mm Hg over baseline or above 23 mm Hg was observed in 45 eyes (49.5%). Two eyes needed argon laser trabeculoplasty and one required trabeculectomy to control postoperative IOP elevation. Most of the patients required the same or lesser number of medications for IOP control after surgery. Results suggest that ECCE with PC-IOL may be a relatively safe procedure in cataract patients with preexisting glaucoma.
Two Eyes or One? The Data Analyst's Dilemma
Authors: Katz Joanne 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Ophthalmic data usually include measures of disease status, visual function, or ocular physiology for both eyes of each patient. Many ocular characteristics, while differing among individuals, are quite similar for the eyes of the same individual. In studies, eyes, not patients, are often treated as the primary unit of analysis. If an ocular measure is similar for both eyes of an individual, many standard statistical techniques may give misleading results if both eyes of each person are included in analyses. This article discusses the correlation between pairs of eyes for a variety of ocular measures and its impact on common statistical procedures.
Sling Markers in Scleral Reinforcement Surgery
Authors: Brian G R , Hollows F C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Scleral reinforcement surgery requires a long-term controlled study to establish its efficacy in arresting the blinding complications of pathologic myopia. Only those cases with proven scleral sling reinforcement of the posterior pole should be included in such a study. Tantalum graft markers allow postoperative verification of sling position, and the exclusion of those cases with inappropriately placed reinforcement grafts.
Intraocular Lenses With Posterior Convex Optics: A Clinical Review
Authors: Story Paul G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Surgidev Style 20 lenses with posterior convex optics and angulated haptics were placed in 294 consecutive eyes. Follow-up was from 2 months to 4% years, with an average of 32 months. Final acuity was 20/40 or better in 96.3%. There was no incident of persistent cystoid macular edema, and the capsular opacity rate was 5.4% No retinal detachment has occurred to date in this series, and only one eye has required reoperation.
Simultaneous Bilateral Conjunctival and Orbital Lymphoma Presenting as a Conjunctival Lesion
Authors: Mamalis Nick , Mackman Gary , Holds John B , Anderson Richard L , Apple David J , Scholes Gary 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 44-year-old man with the dignosis of a conjunctival lymphoma in the left eye was also found on further evaluation to have a lymphoma in the opposite orbit. The patient had no systemic signs of the disease, and was treated with localized radiation therapy. Although simultaneous presentation of lymphoma affecting the conjunctiva in one eye and the orbit on the opposite side is rare, any patient with an isolated conjunctival lymphoma should have a careful evaluation of the opposite eye and orbit, including an orbital computed tomographic scan to rule out simultaneous involvement.
Reproducibility of the Early Cataract Detector (Kowa ECD 2000)
Authors: Datiles Manuel , Podgor Marvin , Edwards Paul 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We conducted a reproducibility study on the Kowa Early Cataract Detector, a laser light scattering spectroscope that determines the diameter of particles within the lens and designed to quantify changes in particle size in early cataracts. We found good reproducibility in the nuclear region (where changes are homogeneous), but found poor reproducibility in the cortical region (where changes are heterogeneous). We advise careful evaluation of other similar devices before extensive use.
The Effect of Selective Suture Removal on Astigmatism Following Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Burk Linda L , Waring George O , Radjee Bahram , Stulting R Doyle 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We retrospectively evaluated selective removal of interrupted nylon sutures to reduce astigmatism following penetrating keratoplasty in 68 eyes with eight or 12 interrupted sutures and one running suture. Following removal of one to four interrupted sutures at one visit (N =234 visits), corneal astigmatism had changed 2 to 3 diopters (range 0 to 12 D) by the next visit. The astigmatism decreased ≥1 D in 54%, changed 0 to .87 D in 28%, and increased 1≥ D in 18%. When a total of five or six sutures were removed during the 5 months following surgery, less than 3 D of residual astigmatism was present in 50 eyes (74%). The axis of astigmatism changed less than or equal to 40° in 74% (n = 65). In a second group of 20 eyes with double running sutures, removal of the 10-0 running suture in all 20 eyes produced an average change of 1.8 D (range = 0 to 3.75 D), with an equal number of increases and decreases. Vector analysis showed the total induced change in astigmatism was approximately twice the absolute keratometric change.
Pharmacological Modulation of Human Subconjunctival Fibroblast Behavior In Vitro
Authors: Damji Karim F , Rootman Jack , Palcic Branko , Thurston Gavin 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The response of human Subconjunctival fibrobfasts to a variety of pharmacological agents was evaluated utilizing a novel in vitro wound assay and a separate proliferation assay. Both colchicine and cytochalasin B dramatically arrested wound closure at concentrations greater than or equal to 0.01 µ?/G?? and 2 µ9/p??, respectively (p<0.05). At lower doses these drugs altered fibroblast morphology and inhibited directed cell migration. Dexamethasone and 6-MP delayed wound closure at concentrations greater than or equal to 100 jig/ml and 1000 µ9/???, respectively (p<0.05). Effective antiproliferative agents, in order of decreasing potency (based on unit weight), were Cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside), doxorubicin (Adriamycin), colchicine, 5-fluorouracil, cytochalasin B, cyclosporin (Sandimmunel, 6-mercaptopurine, and dexamethasone. The antiprotease agents and methotrexate were ineffective as determined by both assays.
We conclude that the wound assay is well suited for rapid screening of drugs for their effect on fibroblast morphology, motility, and proliferation, and that colchicine and cytochalasin B, in doses well below those documented to produce ocular toxicity, are effective in inhibiting directed migration and proliferation of Subconjunctival fibroblasts in vitro. Differences in mechanism, onset of action, therapeutic range, and cytotoxicity of drugs could be exploited in controlling ocular fibroblast behavior in vivo.
Electric Microtrephine for New Anterior Capsular Openings (Barbell-like Tear-Free Slit Openings)
Authors: Hara Tsutomu , Hara Takako 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We developed a microtrephine that can be used to create 0.9-mm or 0.5-mm, round, tear-free, anterior lens capsular openings. The 0.9-mm tip can be used to greatly facilitate experimental endocapsular cataract surgery followed by lens refilling. The 0.5-mm tip is useful for obtaining new anterior capsular openings.
Long-Term Results with the White Glaucoma Pump-Shunt
Authors: Davidovski Florence , Stewart Robert H , Kimbrough Richard L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A White glaucoma pump-shunt was inserted in 16 eyes in 15 patients, 2 to 76 years of age (10 female and 5 male patients; 6 were white, 6 were black, and 3 were Hispanic). Six had primary open-angle glaucoma, 2 glaucoma in aphakia, 1 congenital glaucoma, 4 secondary glaucoma, 2 neovascular glaucoma, and 1 glaucoma in pseudophakia. There were no complete successes. There were five (31.3%} "qualified successes" (ie, an intraocular pressure less than or equal to 21 mm Hg on medical treatment, without pain, and without visual acuity loss of more than two Snellen lines). This qualified success rate is far below rates reported for other setons.
Reversible Corneal Keratinization Following Trabeculectomy and Treatment with 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Phelan Mark J , Skuta Gregory L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 66-year-old pseudophakic man with primary openangle glaucoma and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid underwent trabeculectomy and was given postoperative subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil. He developed an inferior corneal epithelial defect and, later, a welldemarcated area of inferior cornea! keratinization. Since the corneal keratinization clinically improved with conservative management, surgical intervention was not required.
High Dose Corticosteroids for Treatment of Vision Loss Due to Indirect Injury to the Optic Nerve
Authors: Seiff Stuart R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Thirty-six patients with vision loss due to indirect injury to the optic nerve were retrospectively studied. Twenty-one had been acutely treated with high-dose intravenous dexamethasone and 15 had not. The visual acuity of 62% of the treated patients and of 33% of the untreated patients improved. This difference was not statistically significant. However, of those patients whose vision did improve, the vision of those on steroids began to improve earlier (P<.05).
Lacrimal Tube Repositioning: Technique and Ultrasonic Assessment
Authors: Vila-Coro A Aguirre , Prager Thomas C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A section of migrated lacrimal silicone tubing was repositioned in a 7-year-old patient by dilating the lacrimal passage with hyaluronate solution and pushing the tube back into the nasal fossa with a probe. The position of the tube was postoperatively confirmed by ultrasonographic studies.
The Shouting Surgeon as a Possible Source of Endophthalmitis
Authors: Schiff Frank S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
An ophthalmic surgeon's speaking to a patient during surgery, especially if the patient is hard of hearing and the surgeon must shout to be understood, may increase the patient's risk of developing postoperative endophthalmitis.
We performed an experiment demonstrating that the number of bacterial colonies on blood agar plates placed 30 cm from a person's mouth increased in relationship to the volume at which the person spoke. Wearing a surgical mask with an overlapping hood considerably reduced the levels of bacterial growth.
Treatment of Dysthyroid Myopathy With Adjustable Suture Recession
Authors: Gardner Thomas A , Kennerdell John S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Extraocular muscle recessions with adjustable sutures were performed on 32 muscles for diplopia secondary to dysthyroid myopathy. Orthophoria in the primary position was achieved in 30 of the 32 (94%) 1 day after surgery. All remained Orthophorie for at least 6 weeks. Of 20 patients followed for 6 months or more, 12 (60%) remained Orthophorie for the full extent of their follow-up (6 months to 8 years), and another three (15%) were asymptomatic with prisms (3, 4, and 8 prism diopters). Thus, a total of 15 of 20 (75%) patients remained asymptomatic at least 6 months after surgery.
Pupillary Dilatation During Cataract Surgery-Relative Efficacy of Indomethacin and Flurbiprofen
Authors: Sachdev Mahipal S , Mehta Manoj R , Dada Vijay K , Jain Arun K , Garg S P , Gupta S K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, we evaluated the relative efficacy of indomethacin and flurbiprofen when used as adjuvants to routinely used mydriatics for maintenance of pupillary dilatation in patients with heavily pigmented ins undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction. The drugs were administered orally as well as topically according to a fixed regimen. The pupillary diameters, measured with calipers at various surgical steps, were significantly larger at every step in the study groups in which either of the adjuvants had been used than they were in the control group [P < .001 ). Flurbiprofen tended to help maintain a larger pupillary diameter in the later stages of surgery than indomethacin, but this difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that it is important to use prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors as adjuvants to routine mydriatics, and that flurbiprofen may be somewhat more effective than indomethacin in this capacity.
Severe Anterior Segment Inflammation Following Corneal Surgery for Keratoconus
Authors: Shands Phillip R , Lass Jonathan H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present three keratoconus patients who experienced severe anterior segment inflammation, two following penetrating keratoplasty, and one following epikeratoplasty. A favorable response to indomethacin therapy in the second eyes of these patients suggests that the inflammation in the first ones was prostaglandin mediated.
Hemihang-Back Recession: Description of the Technique and Review of the Literature
Authors: Potter William S , Nelson Leonard B , Handa James T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe a modification of the hang-back and loop techniques that we call the hemi hang-back recession, in which the muscle is reattached to the sclera posterior to the original insertion with a single, absorbable suture. We recommend it for difficult strabismus cases, specifically when recessions of 7 mm or more are required.
Scleral Buckle Revision to Treat Recurrent Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Smiddy William E , Glaser Bert M , Michels Ronald G , de Bustros Serge 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment sometimes occurs following scleral buckling surgery in the absence of advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (grade C-2 or greater). Such detachments can occur because: 1) the scleral buckle is not properly positioned beneath the original break; 2) the buckle is not high enough; 3) the break is elevated off the buckle due to progressive vitreous traction; 4) there are new breaks; and 5) chorioretinal adhesion is insufficient. Techniques that may be useful for reattaching the retina in these cases include: 1) adding scleral buckling material to augment the original buckle; 2) modifying the existing buckle without adding new material; 3) replacing the original buckle with other material; 4) re-treating inadequately closed breaks; and 5) combinations of these four techniques. Vitrectomy may be avoided in many cases.
Subcapsular Fluid Entrapment in Extracapsular Cataract Surgery
Authors: Olson Randall J , Younger Kenneth M , Crandall Alan S , Mamalis Nick 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report five cases of sudden shallowing of the anterior chamber associated with irrigation under the iris. We suspect that irrigation in this context forces fluids through the zonules into the posterior chamber, where it becomes trapped, causing anterior chamber shallowing. In our cases, this phenomenon was most commonly associated with irrigation during cortex removal in cases in which the cornea was open (associated with cornea) transplantation) and with zonular dehiscence.
Retinal Breaks in Diabetic Retinopathy: Vitreoretinal Relationships
Authors: Kakehashi Akihiro , Trempe Clement L , Fujio Naoki , McMeel Wallace , Schepens Charles L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We retrospectively reviewed the eyes of 143 patients with fractional retinal detachment caused by diabetes that had been studied biomicroscopically, and, after some exclusions, divided them into two groups: those with retinal breaks (group 1) (16 patients, 16 eyes), and those without retinal breaks (group 2) (127 patients, 161 eyes). The group 1 eyes were further divided into three subgroups: those with retinal tears from limited anteroposterior vitreous traction (subgroup A), those with macular holes in an area without posterior vitreous detachment (subgroup B), and those with oval retinal holes anterior to the anteroposterior vitreous traction (subgroup C). Subgroup C comprised most of the eyes in group 1 (10 eyes) and was the only subgroup that we compared with group 2. Significant differences between subgroup C and group 2 were found in terms of the extent of fractional retinal detachment (P = .002) and the degree of preretinal fibrosis (P = .009). These data suggest that large fractional retinal detachments and extensive preretinal fibrosis are significant risk factors for the development of retinal breaks in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Cataract Surgery Using Heparin Surface-Modified Intraocular Lenses in Fuchs' Heterochromic Uveitis
Authors: Jones Nicholas P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
I prospectively studied cataract extraction with implantation of heparin surface-modified intraocular lenses (IOLs) in 20 patients with Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis. The mean follow up was 14.5 months. Seven episodes of postoperative uveitis occurred, including two with fibrin deposition, but substantial giant-cell adhesion to the IOL was seen in only four cases. A visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 95% of the eyes despite other causes of visual loss such as vitreous opacities. The use of heparin surfacemodified (OLs is suggested for patients with heterochromic uveitis.
Preparation of pH-Adjusted Local Anesthetics
Authors: Hinshaw Kevin D , Fiscella Richard , Sugar Joel 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Characteristics of alkalinized local anesthetics are poorly described with regard to stability and precipitation. Current fixed-volume methods of alkalinization often result in unstable, precipitated solutions of unpredictable pH. We determined a stable, nonprecipitating, anesthetic mixture and used it in a randomized double-blind crossover study of 21 patients to evaluate alkalinized anesthetic solutions in reducing pain on injection. Our solution significantly reduced pain associated with retrobulbar injection (analysis of variance, P= .0362) but not that associated with Nadbath injection. Fixed-volume alkalinization is not recommended because complications can result with the use of precipitated anesthetics.
Intralenticular Foreign Bodies: Case Reports and Surgical Review
Authors: Macken Peter L , Boyd Shelley R , Feldman Fredrick , Heathcote J Godfrey , Steiner Michael , Billson Frank A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Management of intralenticular foreign bodies (ILFBs) is controversial. Correlation between visual outcome, foreign body characteristics, the need for surgical intervertion, and the choice of surgical technique are not well established. We report five cases of traumatic ILFBs all managed surgically. Three ILFBs were metal, one was presumably also metal, and one was wood. We chose to proceed with foreign body removal and simultaneous cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation as a single-staged procedure in four cases. In one case of planned extrecapsular cataract extraction, a foreign body was identified only after the expressed nucleus was sent for pathological examination. Visual outcomes were 20/30 or greater in all cases at 5 to 18 month follow up.
Anterior Synechiolysis After Keratoplasty
Authors: Vajpayee Rasik B , Taherian Kasra , Honavar Santosh G , Negi Anil 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Anterior synechiae that develop following keratoplasty may induce immunological graft rejection or graft failure. Current surgical techniques designed to remove the synechiae early on are quite cumbersome. We describe a simple technique of anterior synechiolysis, performed 1 to 4 weeks postoperatively, using a bent 26-gauge needle, that proved safe and effective in seven cases. The only complication was a hyphema in one case. None of the synechiae had recurred at the final follow up at 3 months.
Posterior Segment Triple Surgery After Traumatic Eye Injuries
Authors: Soheilian Masoud , Ahmadieh Hamid , Afghan M H , Sajjadi S H , Azarmina M , Peyman Gholam A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Cataract extraction, posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation, and complete vitrectomy combined in a one-stage procedure were performed in 16 eyes (16 patients) with traumatic eye injuries undergoing anterior lensectomy (seven eyes), extracapsular cataract extraction (six eyes), or pars plana lensectomy (three eyes). Membrane peeling and intraocular foreign-body removal (13 eyes, 6 with intra ret i nal foreign bodies) were performed as needed. Surgery was performed from 1 week to 10 years after injury. After an average follow up of 8 months, 13 eyes (81%) had a visual acuity of at least 20/200; 50%, at least 20/40.