bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The problem of a hydrogen atom in a cavity: Oscillator representation solution versus analytic solution
Authors: Chaudhuri Sid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A solution to the problem of a hydrogenic atom in a homogeneous dielectric medium with a concentric spherical cavity using the oscillator representation method (ORM) is presented. The results obtained by the ORM are compared with a known exact analytic solution. The energy levels of the hydrogenic atom in a spherical cavity exhibit a shallow-deep instability as a function of the cavity radius. The sharpness of the transition depends on the value of the dielectric constant of the medium. The results of the ORM agree well with the results obtained by the analytic solution when the shallow-deep transition is not too sharp (i.e., when the dielectric constant is not too large) for all values of the cavity radius. The ORM results in the zeroth order approximation diverge significantly in the region of the shallow-deep transition (i.e., for the values of the radius where the shallow-deep transition occurs) when the dielectric constant is high and as a result the transition is sharp. Even for the sharp transition, the ORM results again agree very well with the analytic results at least for the ground state when a commonly used approximation in the ORM is removed. The ORM methodology for the cavity model presented in this article can potentially be used for two-electron systems in a quantum dot.
Effect of orifice spacing on twin circular parallel compressible jets
Authors: Satya Prakash K. B. V. , Lovaraju P. , Rathakrishnan E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The interaction of Mach 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0, parallel, twin circular jets issuing from orifices with center-to-center spacing S/D, where S is the center-to-center distance and D is orifice diameter, 2, 4 and 6 has been investigated experimentally. The characteristics of twinjets are analyzed based on the centerline Mach number decay, exit Mach number and ratio of orifice spacing. As the spacing between the orifice increases, the maximum Mach number point of the combined jet moves downstream. For the Mach numbers studied it is found that as the S/D increases the effect of the counter-rotating vortices on jet mixing decreases. The rate of the twinjet interaction also decreases with S/D increase. As the jets propagate downstream their center-to-center distance decreases continuously and the jets merge to become single jet, for all S/D studied.
Rural-Urban Differences in Changes and Effects of Tobacco 21 in Youth E-cigarette Use
Authors: Dai Hongying , Chaney Lisa , Ellerbeck Edward , Friggeri Ressa , White Nancy , Catley Delwyn 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
The prevalence of current electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has increased dramatically among US youth. It is unknown how the impact of policies to curb e-cigarette use might differ across rural and urban areas.

METHODS:
Data were collected from an annual statewide survey of middle and high school students in Kansas. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the temporal change in current e-cigarette use in 2018 and 2019 across rural and urban areas and across the areas with and without a Tobacco 21 (T21) policy that raises the minimum age of tobacco sales to 21 years.

RESULTS:
Of 132 803 participants, the prevalence of current e-cigarette use increased from 8.2% in 2018 to 12.6% in 2019. The increase was larger in rural areas (from 6.7% in 2018 to 13.4% in 2019, difference = 6.7%) than in urban areas (9.8%–11.9%, difference = 2.1%), with a significant interaction effect of year × urbanicity/T21 group (P &lt; .0001). In urban areas, e-cigarette use increased significantly for middle school students in T21 areas (3.3%–4.5%; P = .01) and all students in non-T21 areas (8.1%–12.0%; P &lt; .0001). In rural areas, the increase in e-cigarette use was significant in both T21 and non-T21 areas for all students, but the increase was smaller in T21 (7.9%–10.8%, difference = 3.0%) than in non-T21 areas (6.5%–13.7%, difference = 7.1%).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study, we reported marked disparities in the increase of youth e-cigarette use, with a larger recent increase in rural than in urban areas. T21 policies appear to mitigate these increases in both rural and urban youth.
The patent-license system of Ukraine in the second half of the XX century
Authors: Tverytnykova E. , Gutnyk M. 
Published: April 2021

The formation of the patent-licensing system of Ukraine during the second half of the XX century is investigated. It is established that the first funds of technical literature, which was necessary for patent work, were created in the departments of the institutes of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in the first postwar years. For example, the fund of scientific and technical literature, documentation, patents and inventions began to form in the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the USSR. It was established in 1944. But various special centers for providing information support for the development of the patent and license business were organized a somewhat later. In particular, at the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR only 20 years later in 1964. Employees were making a preliminary examination of applications for inventions and expanding the funds of scientific and technical documentation, were completing foreign patent documentation from foreign countries.
A network of special Patent Departments was created on the basis of the higher technical institutions. A small group for the systematization of patent information was created at the Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute in 1967. In 1971, the patent office was also established at the Odessa Polytechnic Institute. In 1974, at the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute an organizational and analytical department was created, it contributed to the development of inventive activities of the Institute. The intensification of inventive search occurred in the 1980s and was aimed at improving quality, which contributed to the creation of prospective, competitive world-class developments and their introduction into industry.
During this period, the vast majority of scientists took part in patent and licensing activities, a large number of patents were obtained and scientific and technical cooperation was started on a commercial basis with the conclusion of licensing agreements. A number of devices were patented in the following countries: Spain, Italy, England, Switzerland, Japan, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria and others. In the early 1990s, the situation with inventive and patent licensing activities changed. A significant reduction in the number of inventions demonstrated the general state of scientific research in the country.
Hospital Collaboration in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kansas City Metropolitan Region
Authors: Burton Michael , Satterwhite Lewis , Shi Xiaosong , Allen Angelica , Castro Mario 
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 aka COVID-19) virus has evolved into a WHO-declared pandemic which has strained our regional critical care and hospital resources.
METHOD. In response, we report the creation of a Critical Care Task Force in the Kansas City metro area and surrounding areas. We also report demographic and therapeutic factors affecting patients admitted to medical intensive care units in the Kansas City metro area using a retrospective case-control study examining gender, race, and therapeutic options including modes of ventilation, vasopressor requirements, renal-replacement therapy, and disposition.
CONCLUSIONS. Hospitalized patients being treated for COVID-19 in the Kansas City Metropolitan area have similar demographics to those being reported in the U.S. Additionally, we found establishing a Critical Care Task Force in response to the pandemic helpful in preparing for a potential surge, establishing capacity and disseminating timely information to policy makers and Critical Care workers in the front line.
Methodological aspects of the application of audio-visual tools for learning a foreign language and translation at the university
Authors: Popova Nina V. , Stepanova Maria M. , Kuzmina Anna V. 
Published: April 2021

The paper discusses the methodological aspects of audio-visual materials use in teaching students a foreign language and translation. The advantages of using video materials in the university educational process are described. A brief overview of teaching technologies is presented, including the technology of writing subtitles, audiovisual technology for shooting video by students, as well as technologies for viewing video in a silent and freeze-frame mode.
A new audiovisual technology for teaching a foreign language to undergraduate students of a technical profile with the use of VideoAnt and MindMeister electronic resources to create a mental map is considered in detail. This three-stage technology, which is based on the use of advertising video material from the American company CISCO, has been tested at the St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich (SPbSUT) for students majoring in Service.
There are also four formats of assignments for oral and written summary translation of video clips for master students of the translation profile of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU). According to the survey of the students majoring in linguistics, the most interesting and useful task for future translators was the task of interpreting video fragments in the classroom mode.
A brief analysis of the questionnaire survey results of two students samples, technical and linguistic training profiles, is given, most of whom preferred to perform audiovisual tasks in the mode of psychologically more comfortable extracurricular independent work. The mode of independent out-of-class work with video materials, well tested during the period of self-isolation, is preferred by 60% of the students from two samples. The proposed application of audiovisual aids for teaching foreign languages and translation to university students is shown to be efficient.
Are we ready for the new normal in e-business education? Sentiment analysis of learners' opinions on MOOCs
Authors: Derindag O. F. , Cizmeci B. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The new digital economy and its constantly evolving paradigm have completely transformed the model of doing business and the learning methods. MOOCs (massive-open-online-courses) and micro-credentials are the educations interfaces, have become an important teaching environment tool. Distance learning has become an indispensable alternative teaching method in updating and transferring classical education materials according to real-world settings, especially for learners in higher education.Aim. The current research is aimed to address the society's readiness and attitude direction to the concept of MOOCs and distance learning, highlighting its emergence and inevitability for educational institutions of all types in order to make a fundamental change in their curricula, especially in e-business courses, which are the most demanded training courses on MOOCs platforms.Methodology and research methods. In the study, the awareness and recognition of the online community on the MOOCs concept is examined. In this direction, Turkish people's perception and attitudes toward MOOCs have been addressed via sentiment analysis on Eksi Sozluk, the largest social communication and discussion platform in Turkey.Results. According to the sentiment analysis results, it has been determined that 52% of respondents have positive judgments on distance education and MOOCs, 29% of responses are neutral and 18% are negative. In general, distance education and MOOCs are perceived as a useful new education model by the Turkish people.Scientific novelty. This paper is the first sentiment analysis of learners' opinions on MOOCs and distance learning in Turkey. Considering the increasing awareness of MOOCs and the need for e-business education, as the most demanded type of MOOCs, this is the first study investigating the priority of these two phenomena within the context of COVID-19.Practical significance. It is thought that this study will contribute to the stakeholders in terms of showing how MOOCs and micro-credentials have a high potential to understanding trends in education especially in the new normal after the COVID-19 pandemic. The holistic education model of institutions has difficulty meeting the competitive nature and result-oriented approach of the e-business ecosystem. This market reality requires the institutions to offer more to-the-point and applied education solutions. In terms of e-business (e-commerce, digital marketing) education, the importance of MOOCs as a solution-focused on “how” rather than “what” has been comprehensively discussed in the paper.
Comparison of fall risk and risk factors between inpatients aged under 65 years and above in an internal medicine clinic
Authors: KILAVUZ Aslı , AKÇİÇEK Selahattin Fehmi 
Published: April 2021

Aim: The aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate and compare fall risk and risk factors
inpatients aged under 65 years and above in an internal medicine clinic.
Materials and Methods: The study is retrospective and descriptive. The study included 224 patients
who were hospitalized for any complaint in the internal medicine clinic of a university hospital between
June 2019 and August 2019, and whose data on falls were fully recorded. The sociodemographic
variables of the patients, chronic diseases, the number of drugs and the number of risky drugs for falls,
and the data of the Itaki fall risk scale were recorded.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 63.18 ± 17.66 (23-95) years. A statistically significant
difference was found between inpatients aged under 65 years and above in terms of itaki fall risk
score, number of chronic diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, neurological
diseases and number of drugs, number of risky drugs, antidiabetic and antiarrhythmic drugs. A
statistically significant difference was found between inpatients aged under 65 years and above in
terms of fall risk according to the Itaki fall risk scale (p = 0.038).
A statistically significant difference was found between inpatients aged under 65 years and above with
a high risk of falling in terms of the number of chronic diseases (p = 0.001), presence of diabetes
mellitus (p = 0.007), presence of hypertension (p = 0.001), presence of heart disease (p = 0.002),
presence of neurological disease (p = 0.03), and number of risky drugs (p = 0.01).
Conclusion: Falls are an important problem in all age groups. Although fall risk is higher inpatients
aged 65 years and above, care should be taken in terms of precautions to be taken to prevent falls in
all patients. All risk factors associated with falls should be questioned in all hospitalized patients
DANÇA, EDUCAÇÃO E TECNOLOGIA: A DOCÊNCIA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Valle Flavia Pilla do , Ivanoff Vanessa de 
Published: April 2021

Este texto consiste em narrar a experiência de ministrar aulas de dança e de movimento corporal das autoras em contextos diferentes de ensino. Quais estratégias foram utilizadas para trabalhar dança online? Quais aprendizados os docentes tiveram nesse desafio? Quais conhecimentos podem ser importantes para promover aulas online de maneira mais satisfatória? Tal processo envolveu busca de materiais sobre a tríade dança, tecnologia e educação, entre outras estratégias. Paralelo a isso, desenvolveu-se um questionário a fim de investigar as percepções dos professores do curso de Licenciatura em Dança da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) acerca do Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE). Após a análise das respostas, verificou-se a dificuldade ou impossibilidade de desenvolver as aulas práticas. Com essa base, relatam-se algumas das experiências de prática de dança.
Inclusive Physical Education During the University Preparation Programme in Ghana: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice.
Authors: DARKO REGINA AKUFFO , Mwangi Jane , Wachira Lucy Joy 
Published: April 2021

Hands-on experience plays a key role in every teacher education programme as it helps the prospective teacher to experience a real world of teaching rather than in abstract. One of the most difficult aspects of inclusive teacher education programmes is capacitating pre-service teachers to practice inclusion in the classroom in real live conditions. This study aimed at evaluating student-teachers’ hands-on experiences in inclusive practical PE lessons during their university preparation programme using sequential mixed-method design. 152 PE student-teachers’ in level 300 from the two universities who train PE teachers in Ghana were purposively sampled for this study. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires while qualitative data was collected through focus group discussion with 20 of the same participants. Quantitative data were analysed using means and standard deviation and presented in tables. Inferential statistics of independent t-test was used to ascertain the mean difference between student-teachers’ hands-on experiences. Qualitative data were transcribed verbatim with trustworthiness assured through peer debriefing and member checking. Both quantitative and qualitative results showed that the university preparation programme has no practical component for inclusion in PE. Student-teachers’ hands-on teaching experience in inclusive practical PE was found to be inadequate. However, a significant difference (t (-4.020) at df (32.9), p< .005) was found between the two institutions. The study concludes that the preparation programme in the universities does not give student-teachers’ adequate inclusive practical exposure. To make inclusion experience more viable to student-teachers’, it is recommended that inclusive experiences should be incorporated into student-teachers’ on-campus teaching practice and all practical courses to help bridge the gap between theory and practice.
The effects of body direction and posture on taking the perspective of a humanoid avatar in a virtual environment
Authors: Ueda Sachiyo , Nagamachi Kazuya , Sugimoto Maki , Inami Masahiko , Kitazaki Michiteru 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Visual perspective taking is inferring how the world looks to another person. To clarify this process, we investigated whether employing a humanoid avatar as the viewpoint would facilitate an imagined perspective shift in a virtual environment. We used a task that involved reporting how an object looks by a simple direction judgment either from the avatar’s position or an empty chair’s position. We found that the humanoid avatar’s presence improved task performance. Furthermore, the avatar’s facilitation effect was observed only when the avatar was facing the visual stimulus to be judged; performance was worse when it faced backwards than when there was only an empty chair faced forwards. When the directions of the head and the torso were opposite (i.e., an impossible posture), the avatar’s facilitation effect disappeared. The performance was better in the order of the condition that both the head and the torso were facing forward, the condition that both the head and the torso were facing backward, the condition that the torso was facing toward the stimulus while the head was facing away, and the condition that the head was facing toward the stimulus while the torso was facing away. Thus, visual perspective taking might not be facilitated by the avatar when its posture is biomechanically impossible. These results suggest that the facilitation effect is based not only on attention capture but also on visual perspective taking of humanoid avatar.
A Report of Two Cases of Bacteremia by Leuconostoc lactis in Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Ge Yanmei , Ji Wenli , Hu Song , Tong Huacheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Leuconostoc lactis (L lactis) are gram positive cocci and generally considered to be environmental organisms. They were widely regarded as non-pathogenic and therefore of limited clinical significance. Molecular identification is one technique to identify bacteria.Case reports We presented two cases of bacteremia caused by L lactis. They were both advanced age, history of various diseases, intravenous catheter implantation, parenteral nutrition, longer hospital stay and using of multiple antibiotics. The 16S rRNA genes of the isolates of these two patients´ blood were sequenced. Conclusions When immunocompromised patients with risk factors develop bacteremia caused by L lactis, adequate attention and effective treatment measures should be given.
The role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in adult optic nerve gliomas: a SEER-based analysis
Authors: Lin Xiaoning , Huang Rong , Su Jinyun , Li Heng , Liu Zhong , Zhang Pengfei , Tian Xinhua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Optic nerve gliomas (ONGs) are uncommon tumors of the central nervous system in adults. The aim of this study was to define their characteristics, prognostic factors, and the impacts of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy on outcomes.Methods: Adult patients (age ≥18 years) with ONGs from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were utilized to analyze the factors associated with survival. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the impacts of adjuvant therapies on overall survival (OS).Results: A total of 179 adult patients diagnosed with ONGs were identified between 1991 and 2016, with a median follow-up period of 64.0 months. The median age at diagnosis was 41.0 years. After excluding 18 patients with unknown information, the remaining patients included 142 (88.2%) low-grade tumors and 19 (11.8%) high-grade tumors. Multivariate analysis showed age at diagnosis, tumor grade, adjuvant chemotherapy were significant factors for OS. The 5-year OS rates for patients with low- and high-grade ONGs were 85.5% and 10.5%, respectively. The employment of adjuvant RT or chemotherapy would significantly shorten OS time in the low-grade group and could not prolong OS time in the high-grade group.Conclusions: This is the largest retrospective study of adult ONGs up to date. The overall prognosis of high-grade ONGs in adult patients is still poor despite multi-modality treatments. Adjuvant RT or chemotherapy might not be considered in adult patients with low-grade ONGs unless the malignant transformation or aggressive progression has been confirmed.
Bayesian MEG time courses with fMRI priors
Authors: Wang Yingying , Holland Scott K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) records brain activity with excellent temporal and good spatial resolution, while functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers good temporal and excellent spatial resolution. The aim of this study is to implement a Bayesian framework to use fMRI data as spatial priors for MEG inverse solutions. We used simulated MEG data with both evoked and induced activity and experimental MEG data from sixteen participants to examine the effectiveness of using fMRI spatial priors in MEG source reconstruction. Our results provide empirical evidence that the use of fMRI spatial priors improves the accuracy of MEG source reconstruction.