bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Sailing Yacht Performance Prediction by Including Force-Moment Equilibrium for the Calculation of Helm Angle in a Velocity Prediction Program
Authors: van Oossanen Peter 
Published: May 2021

Contemporary Velocity Prediction Programs (VPP's) consider the equilibrium of forces acting on a sailing yacht in the thrust direction and in the direction of the developed side force on canoe body and appendages. In addition, force-moment equilibrium is considered in the transverse plane of the yacht. In this way a solution is found for the three main unknowns in performance prediction, viz: boat speed, leeway angle and heel angle. The impact of helm angle on performance is herein ignored.
In the velocity prediction program developed by Van Oossanen & Associates, a fourth equilibrium condition is included, viz: force-moment equilibrium in the horizontal plane for the calculation of the helm angle required for the equilibrium sailing condition. In this paper a description is given of some of the main problems that need to be solved when introducing this fourth equilibrium requirement. One of these is associated with the development of accurate mathematical expressions for the calculation of rudder side force and resistance, as influenced by heel angle and the proximity of the free surface. Model tests can be utilized for obtaining insight into the physical phenomena involved in such cases.
Model tests were carried out in the context of an optimization study for the design of a yacht according to the International Level Class 40 (ILC40) Rule, under the International Measurement System (IMS). The analysis of some of the results of these tests with respect to improving the mathematical model for rudder side force and resistance, is described in the paper. The effect of including this mathematical model in a VPP is demonstrated in the paper by providing the results of calculations which reveal that a variation in rudder angle causes significant speed differences. It is shown that the IMS VPP that is used to calculate the rating and speed potential of ILC40 and other IMS Class yachts, in not taking into account the significant variations in performance associated with different values of the equilibrium rudder angle (and the associated rudder side force and resistance), is not sufficiently accurate.
New floristic records for the province of Murcia (Spain)
Authors: Sánchez-Gómez Pedro , Cánovas José Luis , López-García David , Andrada José Antonio , Solano Pedro , Martínez-López Pedro , Jiménez Juan Francisco , Robles Jesús , Aedo Carlos 
Published: May 2021

Se citan por primera vez 38 taxones de flora para la provincia de Murcia (España). Entre los más relevantes, debido a su rareza o singular distribución, destacan Astragalus guttatus o Frankenia composita. Además, se indican 7 especies alóctonas, en su mayoría, potencialmente invasoras. Se incluyen datos sobre la distribución y ecología de todos ellos, además de otros comentarios sobre conservación, carácter invasor o taxonomía.
Thirty-eight new interesting records for the flora of Murcia (Spain) are listed in this paper. Among them, Astragalus guttatus and Frankenia composita would be the most relevant cited species due to their rarity or their particular distribution areas. Moreover, seven exotic species are listed, most of them considered as potentially invasive species. For each species, chorological and ecology data are included. Furthermore, data belonging to their conservation status, plant invasiveness or taxonomy are added.
Acute kidney disease in hospitalized acute kidney injury patients
Authors: Yan Ping , Duan Xiang-Jie , Liu Yu , Wu Xi , Zhang Ning-Ya , Yuan Fang , Tang Hao , Liu Qian , Deng Ying-Hao , Wang Hong-Shen , Wang Mei , Duan Shao-bin 
Published: May 2021

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have become worldwide public health problems, but little information is known about the epidemiology of acute kidney disease (AKD)—a state in between AKI and CKD. We aimed to explore the incidence and outcomes of hospitalized patients with AKD after AKI, and investigate the prognostic value of AKD in predicting 30-day and one-year adverse outcomes.

Methods
A total of 2,556 hospitalized AKI patients were identified from three tertiary hospitals in China in 2015 and followed up for one year.AKD and AKD stage were defined according to the consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative 16 workgroup. Multivariable regression analyses adjusted for confounding variables were used to examine the association of AKD with adverse outcomes.

Results
AKD occurred in 45.4% (1161/2556) of all AKI patients, 14.5% (141/971) of AKI stage 1 patients, 44.6% (308/691) of AKI stage 2 patients and 79.6% (712/894) of AKI stage 3 patients. AKD stage 1 conferred a greater risk of Major Adverse Kidney Events within 30 days (MAKE30) (odds ratio [OR], 2.36; 95% confidence interval 95% CI [1.66–3.36]) than AKD stage 0 but the association only maintained in AKI stage 3 when patients were stratified by AKI stage. However, compared with AKD stage 0, AKD stage 2–3 was associated with higher risks of both MAKE30 and one-year chronic dialysis and mortality independent of the effects of AKI stage with OR being 31.35 (95% CI [23.42–41.98]) and 2.68 (95% CI [2.07–3.48]) respectively. The association between AKD stage and adverse outcomes in 30 days and one year was not significantly changed in critically ill and non-critically ill AKI patients. The results indicated that AKD is common among hospitalized AKI patients. AKD stage 2–3 provides additional information in predicting 30-day and one-year adverse outcomes over AKI stage. Enhanced follow-up of renal function of these patients may be warranted.
The effects of genotypes and media composition on callogenesis, regeneration and cell suspension culture of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)
Authors: Ahmad Aqeel , Tahir ul Qamar Muhammad , Shoukat Almeera , Aslam Mehtab Muhammad , Tariq Mohsin , Hakiman Mansor , Joyia Faiz Ahmad 
Published: May 2021

Background
Chamomile is an important herb being used widely for medicinal purposes. Its multitherapeutic, cosmetic, and nutritional values have been established through years of traditional and scientific use and research. Increased use of medicinal plants necessitates rational use as well as sustainable production of such genetic resources. Plant in vitro micro-propagation poses unique opportunities for sustainable production of medicinal herbs, their regrowth and conservation. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different explants, plant growth regulators (PGRs) combinations and media type on callogenesis, in vitro regeneration and cell suspension of six chamomile genotypes to enhance its sustainable production.

Methods
The shoot, lateral sprout, and leaf derived explants of six chamomile genotypes including Isfahan, Shiraz, Kazeron, Goral, Sharokashari and Presso were used for direct and indirect regeneration. For indirect regeneration various doses of NAA and kinetin were used to induce calli which were cultured on MS media containing PGRs for direct and indirect regeneration. Later, cell suspension was established and morphological characterization of CrO3 stained cells was carried out using microscopy.

Results and Discussion
Our findings revealed that the highest callus percentage and callus volume were observed from lateral sprouts and shoots of genotype Isfahan on MS medium containing 1 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L kinetin. The in vitro regeneration was found to be genotype dependent while 77% and 77.5% was the highest percentage for indirect and direct regeneration, respectively. Additionally, the maximum shoot number (two shoots/explant) and shoot length (2.22 cm) were also observed in Isfahan genotype. Cell suspension culture showed the highest fresh weight (18.59 g) and dry weight (1.707 g) with 0.75 g inoculum of the callus derived from lateral sprouts cultured on MS medium. Microscopy of CrO3 stained cells was carried on each 3rd day for 27 days that revealed larger and spongier cells in the early days as compared to final days when the cell number was greater but cell size was smaller.

Conclusion
The callogenesis, organogenesis, and cell suspension culture of chamomile may be genotype dependent. Hence, optimization of media ingredients and culture conditions is of utmost importance for devising tissue culture based conservation strategy of any chamomile genotype and secondary metabolite production.
Psychosocial Distress and Coping Strategies in Response to COVID-19 Adopted among Adults in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Jubril R. A. , Azeez O. A. , Kolawole O. , Adelusi K. B. , Faloye A. O. , Adodo C. T. , Oduguwa I. O. , Owoeye I. P. , Sadiku J. A. , Olapade P. A. 
Published: May 2021

Pandemics such as the SARS-cov-2 are known to cause psychosocial distress posing threats to mental health especially among South-west residents who have been disproportionately hit by the virus in Nigeria
Aims: To assess the level of psychosocial distress among selected adult residents in South-west Nigeria and determine the strategies adopted by them to cope.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional design was used to sample 393 adults from the region. The DASS-21 scale and Brief-COPE questionnaires were used to assess levels of psychosocial distress and coping respectively.
Place and Duration of Study: Southwest Nigeria, between May 2020 and June 2020.
Methodology: Participants were recruited using Snowballing sampling technique. Data were collected using an online self-administered questionnaire. Information retrieved were coded and entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0). Descriptive statistics of mean, frequency, and percentages were used to summarize data and Chi-square analysis was used to test the hypotheses with an Alpha level set at P =0.05.
Results: Pathologic scores for all three psychosocial distress indicators measured in this study were recorded in 8.1% of the participants. The three leading sources of psychological distress identified included; the general uncertainty associated with the pandemic, lack of confidence in the government's ability to handle the situation, and the fear of robbery attacks that were rampant in the region during the period of lockdown. Most of the participants coped by adopting the use of humor (62.8%) and religion (53.9%). State of residence was found to influence coping strategy and there was a relationship between sex and use of religion in coping at p= 0.01.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic was a significant stressor in the study. Improved strategies to combat the spread of the virus to help accelerate lifting of the lockdown will be beneficial to the coping capacities of the residents.
A Video-Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment (VAAFT): A New Minimally Invasive Treatment Option for Fistula in Ano
Authors: Dal Nawaz Ali , Abro Arshad Hussain , Memon Muhammad Anwar , Memon Ahmer Akbar , Mallah Muhammad Qasim , Khoso Danish Haider , Shaikh Ubedullah 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the outcome of video-assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT): A new minimally invasive treatment option for fistula in ano.
Study Design: This is an observational study.
Setting: Study carried out at General Surgery department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, form January 2020 to June 2020.
Material & Method: Inclusion criteria for this study were patients aged 18-60 years visiting the outpatient department with primary/recurrent fistula having symptoms. Among these individuals having anal fistula due to secondary causes like IBD, tuberculosis or any malignancy were not included in the study. VAAFT was performed by experience general surgeon and post-operative follow up was done till 1 years.
Results: A total of 68 patients with fistula in ano were selected for video assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT) in our setup. It included 67.6% (n=46) males and 32.3% (n=22) females who agreed for the procedure. The mean age of patients were found to be 43+13 years. Post-operatively complete healing was observed in 75% (n=51) patients and 14.7% patients had persistent fistula after the procedure.
Conclusion: VAAFT is a minimally invasive surgical intervention implied to treat primary and recurrent anal fistulas, having lesser rates of recurrence and few post-operative complications. It should be implied over large scales for treatment of primary and recurrent anal fistula as it carries the lowest rate of anal incontinence.
Comparison of Postoperative Bleeding with and without Discontinuing the Antiplatelet Drugs (Aspirin, Clopidogrel) after Tooth Extraction
Authors: Qureshi Ismatullah , Shahzad Muhammad , Bashir Uzma , Jalbani Bashir Ahmed , Memon Abdul Salam , Shams Salman 
Published: May 2021

Background: A significant percentage of people who see a dentist are on antiplatelet treatment, and the rest of them have stopped taking these medications for 3 to 7 days prior to dental surgical surgery to avoid unnecessary bleeding and the possibility of adverse thrombotic cases. This study was conducted to compare postoperative bleeding with and without stopping antiplatelet drugs in tooth extraction.
Materials and Methods: Patients were divided into two groups, Group A consists of extraction of tooth without discontinuation of antiplatelet and Group B consists of extraction of tooth with discontinuation of antiplatelet with the consent from treating physician/cardiologist. All patients underwent for extraction under local anesthesia. Postoperatively, the amount of blood lost during the operation was calculated, any oozing or bleeding was looked at the operated spot and occurrence or nonappearance of oozing, as well as active bleeding was measured.
Results: Mean age of group A patients was 55.08 years and mean age of group B was 52.92 years. After 1 hour assessment of bleeding status, active bleeding was 12% in group A and 6% was in group B, findings were non-significant (p=0.271). After 24 hours assessment of bleeding status, there was no bleeding in 42% patients of group A and 58% patients of group B, oozing was in 34% patients of group A and 26% patients of group B, while active bleeding was 24% in group A and 16% was in group B, findings were non-significant (p=0.271). Mean of bleeding (in grams) was higher in Group A as compared to Group B (p=0.041).
Conclusion: There was no significant effect on bleeding during tooth extraction with continuation of anticoagulant therapy
An Experimental Exploratory Study for the Mechanism of Anti-Inflammatory Action of Mecca Myrrh (Commiphora opobalsamum)
Authors: Al–Salmi Akram A. , Ahmad Mai A. Alim A. Sattar , Khan Lateef M. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Our recent past studies accomplished the target to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect as well as toxicological profile of Commiphora opobalsamum (CO), with almost identical potency in comparison to the contemporary anti-inflammatory drugs. This inspired us to explore its mechanism of action to further strengthen its efficacy.
Aim: To investigate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of CO by exploration of its correlation to its antioxidant activity as well as inhibitory effect on inflammatory mediators by interaction with MDA, NO, PGE2 and TNF-α.
Methods: 10 weeks old male Swiss albino mice (30 to 40 g) were used. Carrageenan–induced paw edema method was used, pretreatment with CO alone in different doses and in combination with diclofenac was done prior to carrageenan administration, subsequently homogenate of the paw was used to quantify the levels of MDA, NO, PGE2 and TNF-α by using their specific assays. In addition, Histological examination of edema paw was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of CO extract versus diclofenac and control investigating their impact on the inflammatory cell migration and edema formation.
Results: CO extract in the dose of 500mg/kg demonstrated maximum reduction of MDA level; hence antioxidant activity of CO could be contributed to its anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, notable observation indicated that CO administration significantly suppress increment in NO level in response to carrageenan, unequivocally significant inhibition of PGE2 accumulation at the site of inflammation by the pretreatment of CO extract was observed in the dose of 500mg/kg (0.001). Finally in contrast, the CO extract in the dose of 500mg/kg significantly accomplished the reduction of TNF-α in the paw in comparison to the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In this study we have illustrated a pioneering perspective to elucidate the mechanism of anti- inflammatory and antioxidant action of methanolic extract of CO, attributed through suppression of MDA. NO, PGE2 and TNF-α at the site of inflammation.
Effectively integrating experiments into conservation practice
Authors: Ockendon Nancy , Amano Tatsuya , Cadotte Marc , Downey Harriet , Hancock Mark H. , Thornton Ann , Tinsley‐Marshall Paul , Sutherland William J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMaking effective decisions in conservation requires a broad and robust evidence base describing the likely outcomes of potential actions to draw on. Such evidence is typically generated from experiments or trials that evaluate the effectiveness of actions, but for many actions evidence is missing or incomplete.We discuss how evidence can be generated by incorporating experiments into conservation practice. This is likely to be most efficient if opportunities for carrying out informative, well‐designed experiments are identified at an early stage during conservation management planning.We consider how to navigate a way between the stringent requirements of statistical textbooks and the complexities of carrying out ecological experiments in the real world by considering practical approaches to the key issues of replication, controls and randomization.We suggest that routinely sharing the results of experiments could increase both the value for money and effectiveness of conservation practice.We argue that with early planning and a small additional input of effort, important new learning can be gained during the implementation of many conservation actions.
The effects of rotational setup errors in total body irradiation using helical tomotherapy
Authors: Isobe Akira , Usui Keisuke , Hara Naoya , Sasai Keisuke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeHelical tomotherapy (HT) is a form of intensity‐modulated radiation therapy that is employed in total body irradiation (TBI). Because TBI targets the whole body, accurate setup positioning at the edge of the treatment volume is made difficult by the whole‐body rotational posture. The purpose of this study is to clarify the tolerance for rotational setup error (SE) in the vertical direction. In addition, we perform a retrospective analysis of actually irradiated dose distributions using previous patients’ irradiation data.MethodsTo clarify the effects of rotational SE on the dose distribution, the planned CT images of 10 patients were rotated by 1–5° in the vertical (pitch) direction to create a pseudo‐rotational SE image. Then, the effect of the magnitude of the rotational SE on the dose distribution was simulated. In addition, the irradiated dose to the patients was analyzed by obtaining recalculated dose distributions using megavoltage CT images acquired before treatment.ResultsThe simulation results showed that the average value of the lung volume receiving at least 10 Gy did not exceed the allowable value when the SE value was ≤2°. When the rotational SE was ≤3°, it was possible to maintain the clinical target volume dose heterogeneity within ±10% of the prescribed dose, which is acceptable according to the guidelines. A retrospective analysis of previous patients’ irradiation data showed their daily irradiation dose distribution. The dose to the clinical target volume was reduced by up to 3.4% as a result of the residual rotational SE. Although whole‐course retrospective analyses showed a statistically significant increase in high‐dose areas, the increase was only approximately 1.0%.ConclusionsDose errors induced by rotational SEs of ≤2° were acceptable in this study.
Antibody‐Drug‐Conjugate Therapy for Hematological Cancers: Matching Cell Biology with Clinical Benefit
Authors: Firer Michael A. , Luboshits Galia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProgress in the development and clinical efficacy of antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) has attracted the interests of both academic researchers and the industry. The rationale for developing ADCs is based on the inherent non‐selectivity of chemotherapy for tumor cells, leading to side effects that can be severe and life threatening. Another major consequence of chemotherapy is the development of drug resistance. For these reasons, targeted drug delivery (TDD) systems are being developed to specifically deliver the cytotoxic drug into the target cell. A variety of carriers that can deliver drugs to the surface or into cancer cells, one of which is the use of monoclonal antibodies, with to date ten ADCs having received FDA approval. This review will focus on the development and clinical application of five ADCs currently approved for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Following a short history that led to their regulatory approval, the review will focus on the important link between the biology of the ADC, the cell surface component targeted by the antibody component, and clinical efficacy and conclude by highlighting newer developments that strengthen this link, so that ADCs can provide long‐term clinical benefit to patients with hematological cancers.
Oligoethyleneimine‐Conjugated Hyaluronic Acid Modulates Inflammatory Responses and Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Nishiguchi Akihiro , Taguchi Tetsushi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractModulation of innate immune responses is a potential strategy for treating inflammatory diseases. Although biogenic polyamines are known as immunomodulatory compounds possessing anti‐inflammatory functions, their biomedical applications have been limited owing to their cytotoxicity. Here, the discovery of an anti‐inflammatory and biocompatible compound is reported, which is a relatively low‐molecular‐weight polyamine, branched oligoethyleneimine (bOEI). Among bOEI molecules, bOEI‐300 strongly suppresses the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines from stimulated primary macrophages by scavenging reactive oxygen species and inhibiting the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor kappa‐B. Moreover, its polyampholyte‐like conjugate with hyaluronic acid improves the biocompatibility of polyamines and enhanced anti‐inflammatory functions. In a murine ulcerative colitis model, the conjugates enhance therapeutic efficacy by suppressing the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. This polyamine‐conjugated biopolymer has enormous potential to treat inflammatory diseases via the modulation of inflammatory responses.