bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lantern‐Type Divanadium Complexes with Bridging Ligands: Short Metal−Metal Bonds with High Multiple Bond Orders
Authors: Langstieh Derek R. , Lyngdoh Richard H. Duncan , King R. Bruce , Schaefer Henry F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVanadium forms binuclear complexes with a variety of ligands often containing V≡V triple bonds. Many tetragonal divanadium paddlewheel complexes with bridging bidentate ligands have been experimentally characterized. This research exhaustively treats model tetragonal, trigonal, and digonal paddlewheel‐type divanadium complexes V2Lx (L=formamidinate, guanidinate, and carboxylate; x=2, 3, 4), each in the three lowest‐energy spin states. The V−V formal bond orders are obtained from metal−metal MO diagrams for representative structures. A number of short V−V multiple bonds of order 3, 3.5, and 4 are found in these model complexes. The short V≡V triple bonds and singlet ground state predicted here for the model tetragonal complexes correspond well with the limited experimental results for the series of known tetragonal paddlewheels. Digonal divanadium lanterns with very short V−V quadruple bonds are predicted as interesting synthetic targets. The V−V bond distances are categorized into distinct ranges according to the formal bond order values from 0.5 to 4. These bond length ranges are compared with the ranges compiled for other divanadium complexes including carbonyl complexes.
No evidence for female kin association, indications for extragroup paternity, and sex‐biased dispersal patterns in wild western gorillas
Authors: Masi Shelly , Austerlitz Frédéric , Chabaud Chloé , Lafosse Sophie , Marchi Nina , Georges Myriam , Dessarps‐Freichey Françoise , Miglietta Silvia , Sotto‐Mayor Andrea , Galli Aurore San , Meulman Ellen , Pouydebat Emmanuelle , Krief Sabrina , Todd Angelique , Fuh Terence , Breuer Thomas , Ségurel Laure 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCharacterizing animal dispersal patterns and the rational behind individuals’ transfer choices is a long‐standing question of interest in evolutionary biology. In wild western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), a one‐male polygynous species, previous genetic findings suggested that, when dispersing, females might favor groups with female kin to promote cooperation, resulting in higher‐than‐expected within‐group female relatedness. The extent of male dispersal remains unclear with studies showing conflicting results. To investigate male and female dispersal patterns and extragroup paternity, we analyzed long‐term field observations, including female spatial proximity data, together with genetic data (10 autosomal microsatellites) on individuals from a unique set of four habituated western gorilla groups, and four additional extragroup males (49 individuals in total). The majority of offspring (25 of 27) were sired by the group male. For two offspring, evidence for extragroup paternity was found. Contrarily to previous findings, adult females were not significantly more related within groups than across groups. Consistently, adult female relatedness within groups did not correlate with their spatial proximity inferred from behavioral data. Adult females were similarly related to adult males from their group than from other groups. Using RST statistics, we found significant genetic structure and a pattern of isolation by distance, indicating limited dispersal in this species. Comparing relatedness among females and among males revealed that males disperse farer than females, as expected in a polygamous species. Our study on habituated western gorillas shed light on the dispersal dynamics and reproductive behavior of this polygynous species and challenge some of the previous results based on unhabituated groups.
Ecosystem water use efficiency response to drought over southwest China
Authors: Mokhtar Ali , He Hongming , Alsafadi Karam , Mohammed Safwan , He Wenming , Li Yu , Zhao Hongfei , Abdullahi Nazir Muhammad , Gyasi‐Agyei Yeboah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDrought is showing an increasing trend as a result of the significant variation in precipitation and temperature in China. This study investigated the impacts of drought on ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) in southwest China. The spatiotemporal distribution of drought and ecosystem WUE were analysed through integrated approaches based on observed climate and satellite remote sensing datasets to understand the response of ecosystem WUE to drought. Also, the impacts of climatic variables on gross primary productivity (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET) and WUE have been discussed. More than 30% of the total area can be categorized as suffering moderate drought. Six drought events (autumn 2006, autumn 2009, winter 2010, summer 2011, autumn 2011 and winter 2013) were identified during the period of 2001–2016. The average monthly WUE was 2.37 gC/kgH2O, showing a decreasing trend under the combined effects of drought and other environmental factors. Autumn 2006 exhibited the highest significant positive effect of drought on WUE on more than 80% of the total area that concentrated in the forest, shrubland, savanna and agriculture ecosystems. The results of this study have implications for ecosystem management and climate policy making that could allow implementing feasible water use strategies under a warming climate.
Biomimetic Oxidative Bromination by cis‐Dioxidotungsten(VI) Complexes of Salan Type N,N’‐Capped Linear Tetradentate Amino Bisphenol
Authors: Maurya Mannar R. , Maurya Shailendra K. , Kumar Naveen , Gupta Puneet 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReaction of [WVIO2(acac)2] (Hacac=acetylacetone) with salan‐type dibasic tetradentate ONNO donor Mannich bases derived from ethylenediamine, formaldehyde and 2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol (H2L1), 2‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol (H2L2), 2,4‐dimethylphenol (H2L3) and 2,4‐dichlorophenol (H2L4) in a 1 : 1 ([WVIO2(acac)2] : H2L) molar ratio in refluxing MeOH gave the corresponding cis‐dioxidotungsten(VI) complexes [WVIO2L1] (1), [WVIO2L2] (2), [WVIO2L3] (3) and [WVIO2L4] (4), respectively. Characterization by elemental analysis, various spectroscopic (FT‐IR, UV‐vis, 1H and 13C NMR) studies, DFT calculations and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of 2 and 3 suggest six‐coordinated octahedral α‐cis (symmetric) isomeric form of the complexes where ligands coordinate through the two phenolate oxygen and two amine nitrogen atoms (in a cis‐α type symmetric binding mode) with one of the N atoms of the ligand and one of the terminal O atoms of the cis‐WO2 group in the axial position. These complexes are potential catalyst precursors for the oxidative bromination of thymol and styrene. Thymol upon bromination gave three products, namely, 2‐bromothymol, 4‐bromothymol, and 2,4‐dibromothymol; later one being the major product. Oxidative bromination of styrene resulted in 2‐bromo‐1‐phenylethanol and 1‐phenylethane‐1,2‐diol; the later one is the result of nucleophilic attack of water on the α as well as β carbons both of the initially formed 1,2‐dibromo‐1‐phenylethane.
Nitrogen/potassium interactions increase rice yield by improving canopy performance
Authors: Ye Tinghong , Zhang Jianglin , Li Jing , Lu Jianwei , Ren Tao , Cong Rihuan , Lu Zhifeng , Li Xiaokun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe interactions between nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are important determinants of rice yield, but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. For example, N/K interactions may influence light utilization and N distribution in the canopy. Field experiments were therefore performed to resolve this issue, using factorial combination of N and K. The interaction between N and K had a significant effect on the grain yield, N uptake, and the NUE of grain production (NUEg), and biomass production (NUEb). The application of either N or K alone resulted in lower yields than the combined application of these nutrients. The combined application of N and K increased rice yields by 54.5% in 2018 and by 76.1% in 2019, compared with N0K0. Similarly, N uptake, NUEg, and NUEb were higher when N was supplied with K than with N application alone. The higher grain yields, N uptake rates, and NUEs observed with the combined N and K treatment were attributed to the following: (1) a higher leaf area index that resulted in better light interception; (2) improved the coordination of light and N distribution within the canopy. Evidence for improved light use by photosynthesis is provided by the observed lower light extinction coefficient (KL), the higher specific leaf N in the top leaves (SLNo), higher extinction coefficients for effective leaf N (KN) and KN/KL values. We conclude that the interactions between N and K support higher yields by improving canopy performance even at lower N rates.
SENP1 participates in Irinotecan resistance in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Chen Ming‐Cheng , Nhan Do Chi , Hsu Chiung‐Hung , Wang Tso‐Fu , Li Chi‐Cheng , Ho Tsung‐Jung , Mahalakshmi B. , Chen Mei‐Chih , Yang Liang‐Yo , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world. Chemoresistance has always been a problem encountered in its treatment. It is known that SUMOylation may regulate protein stability and decomposition, and even affect the protein translocation and posttranslational modification in cells. Sentrin‐specific protease 1 (SENP1) is involved in the maturation of SUMO protein, and on the other hand, plays a role in deSUMOylation, which dissociates the target protein from SUMO and prevents further degradation of the target protein. In this study, we established an Irinotecan (CPT‐11) resistant human colon cancer LoVo strain (LoVoR‐CPT‐11) to investigate the role of SENP1 in the development of drug resistance in colorectal cancer. The abundant accumulation of SENP1 and HIF‐1α proteins and the increase of SUMO pathway enzymes were observed in LoVoR‐CPT‐11 cells while the protein markers of proliferation, angiogenesis, and glycolysis were upregulated. Knockdown of SENP1 reduced the migration ability and trigged re‐sensitivity of LoVoR‐CPT‐11 cells to CPT‐11 treatment. The analysis of SENP1 and HIF‐1α gene expressions from TCGA/GTEx datasets using the GEPIA web server showed a positive correlation between SENP1 and HIF‐1α in colorectal cancer patients and the high expression of these two genes might predict a poor outcome clinically. In conclusion, SENP1 might play an important role in CPT‐11 resistance in colorectal cancer. Targeting SENP1 to reduce the resistant property could be considered in prospective clinical studies.
Low doses of methylnaltrexone inhibits head and neck squamous cell carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo by acting on the mu‐opioid receptor
Authors: Gorur Aysegul , Patiño Miguel , Shi Ted , Corrales German , Takahashi Hideaki , Rangel Roberto , Gleber‐Netto Frederico O. , Pickering Curtis , Myers Jeffrey N. , Cata Juan P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Mu‐opioid receptor (MOR) has been implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Methylnaltrexone (MNTX), an antagonist of MOR, has shown to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in lung cancer cell lines. The effect of MNTX on other cell lines such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been investigated. We measured the expression and activity of the receptor in different HNSCC cell lines. Then, we evaluated the impact of modulating the expression MOR and the effect of MNTX on the proliferation, clonogenic activity, invasion, and migration of two HNSCC (FaDu and MDA686Tu) cell lines expressing MOR and one cell line (UMSCC47) not expressing the receptor. We also evaluated the impact of MNTX on tumor growth and metastasis formation in vivo. Activation of the receptor with [d‐Ala2,N‐Me‐Phe4, Gly5‐ol] (DAMGO) caused a significant reduction in cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in FaDu cells. Knockdown of MOR inhibited in vitro aggressive cell behaviors on FaDu and MDA686Tu cells and correlated with a reduction in markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. In vitro studies showed that MNTX strongly inhibited the proliferation, clonogenic activity, invasion, and migration of FaDu and MDA686Tu cells but has no effect on UMSCC47 cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that MNTX suppresses tumor growth in HNSCC cell tumor‐bearing mice. Our studies indicate that MOR could be considered as a therapeutic target to treat HNSCC.
Population‐level impact of native arthropod predators on the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae
Authors: Zriki Ghais , Blatrix Rumsais , Bicout Dominique J. , Gimenez Olivier , Soulié Anne‐Sophie , Dadu Liza , Degueldre David , Chiron Geoffrey , Sleeckx Nathalie , Roy Lise 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStimulating the regulation of pests by their natural enemies is a way to improve the sustainability of agriculture and respect for the environment. However, the presence of natural enemies does not guarantee the existence of a pest control service. To what extent are predatory mites commonly found in henhouses actually able to regulate a major egg industry pest mite, Dermanyssus gallinae? To answer this question, we have experimentally recreated portions of a poultry house ecosystem allowing the development of the pest over several generations in the presence of a chick and detritivorous mites (Astigmata) that are ubiquitous and abundant in layer farms. In these conditions, we compared the growth of D. gallinae populations in the presence and absence of native predatory arthropods. No effect of native predators on the growth of the D. gallinae population could be detected despite high initial predator‐to‐prey ratios and satisfactory growth of predator populations. Prey switching to the alternative prey Astigmata likely dilutes the effect of predation on the target prey. Further exploration is needed to see whether action could be taken to enhance the effect of top‐down regulation.
Holocene environmental history of a freshwater wetland in southern Louisiana: a sedimentary record of delta development, coastal evolution and human activity
Authors: Ryu Junghyung , Liu Kam‐Biu , Bianchette Thomas A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe world's most extensive and active deltas, Louisiana's wetlands, are deteriorating rapidly due to multiple stressors. Their ecological and anthropogenic histories on a multimillennial timescale have not been thoroughly documented. This study investigates hydrological and anthropogenic impacts on southern Louisiana wetlands to guide future efforts toward environmental restoration. A 3.6 m sediment core (JOYWMA) extracted from a freshwater wetland adjacent to Lake Pontchartrain yielded a 5000‐year record. Multiproxy data indicate four distinct stages, with the earliest period representing an oyster reef (~4.5 cal yr bp) marked by elevated Ca and Sr concentrations. Evolution to a freshwater marsh occurred 4.5–4.0 cal yr bp during the St. Bernard delta progradation, marked by increased Zr and Br concentrations. The site transitioned to a lake due to the isolation from the St. Bernard delta and local subsidence (4.0–2.0 cal yr bp), marked by increased Ti, Fe, Mn and K concentrations. The site altered to a cypress swamp after 2.0 cal yr bp due to increased sediment supply during the St. Bernard subdelta progradation. Both natural (delta progradation and subsidence) and anthropogenic (fire, deforestation) stressors have impacted the site over the last 4500 years. Delta‐switching of the Mississippi River caused the significant geomorphological and ecological changes.
Improved Nerve Visualization in Head and Neck Surgery Using Mueller Polarimetric Imaging: Preclinical Feasibility Study in a Swine Model
Authors: Ning Bo , Kim Wan Wook , Katz Itai , Park Chung Hyuk , Sandler Anthony D. , Cha Jaepyeong 
Published: May 2021

Background and ObjectivesMeticulous dissection and identification of nerves during head and neck surgery are crucial for preventing nerve damage. At present, nerve identification relies heavily on the surgeon's knowledge of anatomy, optionally combined with intraoperative neuromonitoring. Recently, optical techniques such as Mueller polarimetric imaging (MPI) have shown potential to improve nerve identification.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWith institutional approval, seven 25–35 kg Yorkshire pigs underwent cervical incision in the central neck. Intraoperative images were obtained using our in‐house MPI system. Birefringence maps from the MPI system were processed to quantify the values between 0 and 255 from different tissue types; an active contour model was applied to further improve nerve visualization on the corresponding color images.ResultsAmong the seven pigs, the vagus nerves and recurrent laryngeal nerves were successfully differentiated with a mean intensity of 130.954 ± 20.611, which was significantly different (P < 0.05) from those of arteries (78.512 ± 27.78) and other surrounding tissues (82.583 ± 35.547). There were no imaging‐related complications during the procedure. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.ConclusionsMPI is a potentially complementary intraoperative tool for nerve identification in adjacent tissues.
Sparse precontrast T1 mapping for high‐resolution whole‐brain DCE‐MRI
Authors: Zhu Zhibo , Lebel R. Marc , Bliesener Yannick , Acharya Jay , Frayne Richard , Nayak Krishna S. 
Published: May 2021

PurposeTo develop and evaluate an efficient precontrast T1 mapping technique suitable for quantitative high‐resolution whole‐brain dynamic contrast‐enhanced–magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI).MethodsVariable flip angle (VFA) T1 mapping was considered that provides 1 × 1 × 2 mm3 resolution to match a recent high‐resolution whole‐brain DCE‐MRI protocol. Seven FAs were logarithmically spaced from 1.5° to 15°. T1 and M0 maps were estimated using model‐based reconstruction. This approach was evaluated using an anatomically realistic brain tumor digital reference object (DRO) with noise‐mimicking 3T neuroimaging and fully sampled data acquired from one healthy volunteer. Methods were also applied on fourfold prospectively undersampled VFA data from 13 patients with high‐grade gliomas.ResultsT1‐mapping precision decreased with undersampling factor R, althoughwhereas bias remained small before a critical R. In the noiseless DRO, T1 bias was <25 ms in white matter (WM) and <11 ms in brain tumor (BT). T1 standard deviation (SD) was <119.5 ms in WM (coefficient of variation [COV] ~11.0%) and <253.2 ms in BT (COV ~12.7%). In the noisy DRO, T1 bias was <50 ms in WM and <30 ms in BT. For R ≤ 10, T1 SD was <107.1 ms in WM (COV ~9.9%) and <240.9 ms in BT (COV ~12.1%). In the healthy subject, T1 bias was <30 ms for R ≤ 16. At R = 4, T1 SD was 171.4 ms (COV ~13.0%). In the prospective brain tumor study, T1 values were consistent with literature values in WM and BT.ConclusionHigh‐resolution whole‐brain VFA T1 mapping is feasible with sparse sampling, supporting its use for quantitative DCE‐MRI.
Effect of exercise on neuromuscular toxicity in oxaliplatin‐treated mice
Authors: Lees Justin G. , Abdulla Munawwar , Barkl‐Luke Mallory E. , Livni Lital , Keating Brooke A. , Hayes Jessica , Fiore Nathan T. , Park Susanna B. , Moalem‐Taylor Gila , Goldstein David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsClinically, the chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin can cause peripheral neuropathy, impaired balance, and muscle wastage. Using a preclinical model, we investigated whether exercise intervention could improve these adverse conditions.MethodsMice were chronically treated with oxaliplatin alone or in conjunction with exercise. Behavioral studies, including mechanical allodynia, rotarod, open‐field, and grip‐strength tests, were performed. After euthanasia, multiple organs and four different muscle types were dissected and weighed. The cross‐sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle was assessed and gene expression analysis performed on the forelimb triceps muscle.ResultsOxaliplatin‐treated mice displayed reduced weight gain, mechanical allodynia, and exploratory behavior deficits that were not significantly improved by exercise. Oxaliplatin‐treated exercised mice showed modest evidence of reduced muscle wastage compared with mice treated with oxaliplatin alone, and exercised mice demonstrated evidence of a mild increase in CSA of muscle fibers.DiscussionExercise intervention did not improve signs of peripheral neuropathy but moderately reduced the negative impact of oxaliplatin chemotherapy related to muscle morphology, suggesting the potential for exploring the impact of exercise on reducing oxaliplatin‐induced neuromuscular toxicity in cancer patients.
Recurrent urinary tract infection: Association of clinical profiles with urobiome composition in women
Authors: Burnett Lindsey A. , Hochstedler Baylie R. , Weldon Kelly , Wolfe Alan J. , Brubaker Linda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsClinical profiles of women with recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI) are correlated with their urinary microbes.MethodsThis IRB‐approved, cross‐sectional study enrolled adult women with RUTI. Urine samples (catheterized and voided) underwent culture by expanded quantitative urine culture (EQUC) and standard urine culture (SUC) methods. A validated symptom questionnaire, relevant clinical variables, and EQUC were used to identify symptom clusters and detect associations with specific urinary microbes.ResultsMost (36/43) participants were postmenopausal; the average age was 67 years. 51% reported vaginal estrogen use; 51% reported sexual activity. Although single symptoms were not associated with specific urinary microbes, EQUC results were correlated with five distinct clinical profile clusters: Group A: odor, cloudiness, and current vaginal estrogen use (no culture result association). Group B: frequency, low back pain, incomplete emptying, and vaginal estrogen (significantly increased proportion of Lactobacillus‐positive cultures). Group C: pain/burning, odor, cloudiness, and urgency (high proportions of UTI‐associated microbe‐positive cultures). Group D: frequency, urgency, pain/burning, and current vaginal estrogen use (increased number of no growth cultures). Group E: frequency, urgency, pain/burning, odor, overactive bladder, and sexually active (significantly increased proportion of Klebsiella‐positive cultures).ConclusionsDistinct clinical profiles are associated with specific urinary microbes in women with RUTI. Refined assessments of clinical profiles may provide useful insights that could inform diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.