bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 18: Geology of Round Mountain, Nevada: A Giant Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Gold Deposit
Authors: Rhys David A. , St. Jean Nadia , Lagos Rodolfo , Emmons David , Schroer George A. , Friedman Richard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Round Mountain low-sulfidation epithermal Au deposit occurs within the rhyolitic tuff of Round Mountain (26.86 Ma) on the northeast side of an elliptical volcanic center that has morphology and volcanic facies suggesting it originated as a caldera. The hosting tuff comprises three pyroclastic flow and fall deposits (units T1 to T3). These are overlain successively by lacustrine sediments and volcaniclastic rocks. which may contain paleowater table levels formed at the time of ore formation and a 26.4 Ma postmineralization tuff unit. A linear vertical drop in the basement contact coincides with thick tuff fill and megabreccia, which is interpreted to follow the position of a WNW-trending ring fissure or vent wall that may have focused the locations of subsequent hydrothermal upflow zones.
Orebodies are developed in strata-bound zones that are most extensive in poorly welded tuff, focused below overlying impermeable welded tuff in a WNW-trending, gently NW-plunging corridor above and mantling the SW-dipping paleoslope of basement rocks. Ore comprises disseminated pervasive adularia-quartz-pyrite ± illite alteration with electrum. The disseminated mineralization surrounds, and is most intensely developed in association with, a low-displacement extensional fault-vein network composed of conjugate NE- and SW-dipping faults and steeply dipping extensional veins. Vein orientations and kinematic indicators suggest ore formation occurred during localized NE-SW-directed extension that may have been related to late stages of volcanic subsidence, potentially in association with deep resurgent magmatism into ring fissures approximately 0.5 m.y. after deposition of the host tuff sequence.
Clay Minerals Effects for Metal Reclamation from Leached Solution
Authors: Manikkampatti Palanisamy Murugesan , Palaniappan Akilamudhan , Ratnam Myneni Venkata , Kandasamy Kannan , Mohamed Lebbai Minar , Veerappan Padmapriya 
Published: September 2021

The recent advancements in technology play a pivotal role in mankind’s life and have a significant stint in the generation of E-waste. The present investigation focuses on the recovery of heavy metals from Printed Circuit boards (PCBs) by applying two efficient techniques viz., leaching and adsorption. A combination of leaching and adsorption is a novel and productive approach to recovering heavy metals from like PCBs. After the phases of chemical leaching, the solution was recovered through adsorption and is eco-friendly. The process is carried out to increase the separation rate, reduce the time spent and reach the limits of incineration and pyrolysis methods. Adsorption provides the recovery of heavy metals with respect to the required adsorbent since it is a surface phenomenon. The optimum condition of process variables was found through response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum recovery of copper ions (97.33%) was obtained at the optimum operating conditions such as adsorbent size of 0.04 mm, adsorbent dosage of 3.5 gm L−1 and the temperature of 80°C with 0.845 desirability. This investigation was found to be an eco-friendly way to recover copper ions and does not cause any environmental issues.
Mutation analysis links angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma to clonal hematopoiesis and smoking
Authors: Cheng Shuhua , Zhang Wei , Inghirami Giorgio , Tam Wayne 
Published: September 2021

Background:Although advance has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of mature T-cell neoplasms, the initiation and progression of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), remain poorly understood. A subset of AITL/PTCL-NOS patients develop concomitant hematologic neoplasms (CHN), and a biomarker to predict this risk is lacking.Methods:We generated and analyzed the mutation profiles through 537-gene targeted sequencing of the primary tumors and matched bone marrow/peripheral blood samples in 25 patients with AITL and two with PTCL-NOS.Results:Clonal hematopoiesis (CH)-associated genomic alterations, found in 70.4% of the AITL/PTCL-NOS patients, were shared among CH and T-cell lymphoma, as well as concomitant myeloid neoplasms or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that developed before or after AITL. Aberrant AID/APOBEC activity-associated and tobacco smoking-associated mutational signatures were respectively enriched in the early CH-associated mutations and late non-CH-associated mutations during AITL/PTCL-NOS development. Moreover, analysis showed that the presence of CH harboring ≥2 pathogenic TET2 variants with ≥15% of allele burden conferred higher risk for CHN (p=0.0006, hazard ratio = 14.01, positive predictive value = 88.9%, negative predictive value = 92.1%).Conclusions:We provided genetic evidence that AITL/PTCL-NOS, CH, and CHN can frequently arise from common mutated hematopoietic precursor clones. Our data also suggests smoking exposure as a potential risk factor for AITL/PTCL-NOS progression. These findings provide insights into the cell origin and etiology of AITL and PTCL-NOS and provide a novel stratification biomarker for CHN risk in AITL patients.Funding:R01 grant (CA194547) from the National Cancer Institute to WT.
Examining the Influence of University Teachers’ Qualification and Experience on Students’ Academic Achievement in Mathematics
Authors: Gyeltshen Sonam 
Published: September 2021

Aims: This study aims to examine the effect of qualification and experience level on students’ academic achievement in mathematic in five colleges under the Royal University of Bhutan.
Study Design: It is a quantitative study where the researcher tests the significance of the difference in the mean academic achievement of the students concerning teachers’ qualifications and experience level.
Place and Duration of Study: Five colleges under the Royal University of Bhutan spread across five districts in Bhutan were considered for the study between July 2020 and July 2021.
Methodology: A sample of 25 university mathematics teachers (21 males, 4 females) who taught mathematics from 2018 to 2020 were selected through a simple random sampling. The data was collected in two parts: one the mathematics marks of the modules taught by the 25 teachers from the year 2018 to 2020 was obtained from the respective college's exam records through an official correspondence; second, the information on the perception of these 25 teachers was obtained online through self-administered survey questionnaires.
Results: The result from the two way ANOVA revealed no statistically significant difference between qualifications (Masters and PhD) on students’ academic achievement (F (1, 19) = 3.653, P = 0.07) and between experience levels on students’ academic achievement (F (3, 19) = 0.493, P = 0.69). In contrast, the perception of the teachers is that the higher level of qualifications and experience levels would have a more positive effect on students’ academic achievement.
Conclusion: The qualification and experience have a positive effect on students academic achievement but the effects are not significant.
Isolation and Identification of Bacteria and Fungi from Cassavamill Effluent in Afikpo, Ebonyi State Nigeria
Authors: Nwakoby N. E. , Ezeogo J. I. , Orji M. U. , Ejimofor C. F. 
Published: September 2021

Wastes from cassava processing mills are usually discharged uncontrollably into the environment where they cause serious environmental challenges. This research work was undertaken to investigate the effects of cassava mill effluent on the microbiological quality of soils and to determine the effects of the polluted soils on the growth of plants. Fresh cassava mill effluent and unpolluted soil samples were collected and analyzed microbiologically. The soil sample was polluted with the cassava mill effluent and the polluted soil was also subjected to microbiological analyses for 31days. Germination and growth of pumpkin plants were also investigated using soil samples polluted with different concentrations of the cassava mill effluent. The microbial population of the effluent showed presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp, Streptococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus spp, and Candida spp. The bacterial count was 1.4x104cfu/ml while the fungal count was 1.1x103cfu/ml. The results of the analyses of the unpolluted soil and the effluent polluted soil samples showed that the effluent had noticeable effects on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of the soil. The total microbial count increased from 2.2x105 cfu/g to 4.6x105cfu/g for bacteria and 1.6x104cfu/g to 3.3x105cfu/g for fungi. The polluted soil showed higher diversity of micro-organisms. The isolated organisms were: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp, Streptococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus spp, Proteus spp, Enterobacter spp, Aspergillus spp, Candida spp, Penicillium spp, and Rhizopus spp. The polluted soil also, at higher concentrations of the effluent inhibited the germination of plants. This research revealed that effluents from cassava processing mills have significant effects on the microbiological properties of the surrounding soils and also affected the growth of plants on these soils negatively. It therefore suggested that this effluent should be treated properly before disposal to the environment.
Lacipirellulaceae
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N. , Ivanova Anastasia A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

La.ci.pi.rel.lu.la.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Lacipirellula
type genus of the family; ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Lacipirellulaceae
the
Lacipirellula
family.

Planctomycetes / Planctomycetia / Pirellulales / Lacipirellulaceae

The family
Lacipirellulaceae
accommodates budding, chemoheterotrophic planctomycetes, which have a dimorphic life cycle, with motile daughter cells and nonmotile mother cells. Cells are Gram‐stain‐negative, oval, ellipsoidal, or pear shaped; cell poles are covered with crateriform pits. These planctomycetes do not form cell rosettes and stalks; cells occur singly or in aggregates. Members of this family are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, which grow on various mono‐, oligo‐, and polysaccharides. Both neutrophilic and acidotolerant representatives are known. The DNA G + C content is in the range of 52–67 mol%. These bacteria inhabit a variety of aquatic and terrestrial environments, including low‐oxygen habitats. The type genus is
Lacipirellula
. The other described genera in this family are
Posidoniimonas
, “
Bythopirellula
,” “
Aeoliella
,” “
Botrimarina
,” “
Pirellulimonas
,” and “
Pseudobythopirellula
.” The family belongs to the order
Pirellulales
of the class
Planctomycetia
in the phylum
Planctomycetes
.

Type genus
:
Lacipirellula
Dedysh et al. 2020, VL193.
Chelativorans
Authors: Kämpfer Peter , Glaeser Stefanie P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Che.la.ti.vo'rans. N.L. neut. n.
chelatum
a chelate; L. pres. part.
vorans
devouring; N.L. masc. n.
Chelativorans
a bacterium digesting metal chelates.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Phyllobacteriaceae / Chelativorans

Cells of the species of the genus
Chelativorans
stain Gram‐negative and are asporogenous, nonpleomorphic, rod shaped, and often found as pairs of cells. Nonmotile. Multiplication by binary fission is observed.
Some species form small white colonies (0.1–0.3 mm in diameter) on EDTA/mineral salt agar incubated for 7 days at 30°C.
Oxidase‐ and catalase‐positive. Reduction of nitrate to nitrite and nitrogen fixation are negative. Meso‐ and neutrophilic; optimal pH and temperature for growth are 6.5–7.5 and 25–35°C, respectively. Strictly aerobic with respiratory metabolism.
Do not utilize methanol and methylated amines as the carbon, nitrogen, and energy sources
. Incapable of autotrophic or methylotrophic growth. The major cellular fatty acids are summed feature 7 (consisting of C
18:1
ω7
c
, C
18:1
ω9
t
, and/or C
18:1
ω12
t
) and C
19:0
cyclo ω8
c
. Hydroxy fatty acids such as C
12:0
3‐OH, C
13:0
3‐OH, and C
15:0
iso 3‐OH are absent. The major ubiquinone is Q‐10. The predominant polar lipids are PC, PG, PE, PDE, PME, and DP.

The major polyamine is
sym
‐homospermidine

,
and small amounts of spermidine and putrescine are detected.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 60.8–64.3.

Type species
:
Chelativorans multitrophicus
Doronina et al. 2010
VP
.
Anaerobacillus
Authors: Zavarzina Daria G. , Kublanov Ilya V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn.ae.ro.ba.cil'lus. Gr. pref.annot; Gr. masc. n. aer air; L. dim. masc. n.bacillussmall rod; N.L. masc. n.Anaerobacillusanaerobic rod.Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / AnaerobacillusThe genusAnaerobacillusis represented by Gram‐positive spore‐forming rods, which occur singly, in pairs, or in short chains. Cells of most species of the genus are motile by means of peritrichously or subpolarly located flagella. Members of the genus are strictly anaerobic, aerotolerant, or facultatively anaerobic, obligately or moderately alkaliphilic, halotolerant, or moderately halophilic mesophiles. They grow either by fermentation or by anaerobic respiration with arsenate or nitrate as an electron acceptor. Anteiso‐C15:0, C16:0, and C16:1ω7 fatty acids are present in the membranes of all representatives of the genus.Anaerobacilluscontains five species with validly published names, withAnaerobacillus arseniciselenatisas the type species. This genus is a member of the phylumFirmicutes, classBacilli,orderBacillales, and familyBacillaceae. Besides natural habitats, such as soda soils, soda lakes, and gold mines, representatives of the genusAnaerobacilluscould be detected in artificial habitats such as limekiln effluent.DNA G + C content (mol%): 34.8–39.9 (Tmand genome sequence).Type species:Anaerobacillus arseniciselenatisZavarzina et al. 2009, VL133 (Bacillus arseniciselenatisSwitzer Blum et al. 1998, VL80).
Transferred Laser‐Scribed Graphene‐Based Durable and Permeable Strain Sensor
Authors: Hong Jianlong , Wu Jun , Mao Yiheng , Shi Qiongfeng , Xia Jun , Lei Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLaser‐scribed graphene (LSG), with programmable patterns and superior electronic properties, has attracted considerable attention and has been widely investigated for various wearable electronics. However, its characteristics such as easy peeling and weak stretchability have prevented it from further industrial applications. Herein, this work has demonstrated a durable, biodegradable, skin‐conformable LSG‐based strain sensor by using a transfer technology and the dehydration characteristic of a commercial make‐up accessory (nose film colloid), which has been declared as a pollution‐free and skin‐friendly flexible substrate. The sensor exhibits relatively high sensitivity of a gauge factor over 1200, large stretch range of more than 70% and stable piezoresistance responses after 5000 cyclic tests. It has an admirable durability that can maintain a stable resistance after rubbing and scratching of sandpaper, and a biodegradability that can be totally dissolved within a few minutes. A series of human computer interaction applications, such as music glove, have been presented to prove the availability and sweat permeability of the sensor. The environmentally friendly properties of the sensor and the printable fabrication process reveal the possibility of the large‐scale preparation of the flexible strain sensor.
Temperature‐Dependent Adhesion in van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Polfus Jonathan M. , Muñiz Marta Benthem , Ali Ayaz , Barragan‐Yani Daniel A. , Vullum Per Erik , Sunding Martin F. , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Belle Branson D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe interlayer coupling between 2D materials is immensely important for both the fundamental understanding of these systems, and for the development of transfer techniques for the fabrication of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. A number of uncertainties remain with respect to their adhesion characteristics due to the elusive nature of measured adhesion interactions. Moreover, it is theoretically predicted that the intrinsic ripples in 2D materials give rise to a temperature dependence in adhesion, although the vdW interactions themselves are principally independent of temperature. Here, direct measurements of the adhesion between reduced graphene oxide – coated by solution deposition on atomic force microscopy tips – and graphene, h‐BN, and MoS2 supported on SiO2 substrates and as freestanding membranes are presented. The in situ nanomechanical characterization reveals a prominent reduction in the adhesion energies with increasing temperature which is ascribed to the thermally induced ripples in the 2D materials.
Copper‐Catalyzed Four‐Component Cascade Reaction for the Construction of Triazoles Bearing β‐Hydroxy Chalcogenides
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Xiang , Sun Bo‐Xun , Zhao Zhi‐Wei , Chen Xin , Xia Wen‐Jin , Shen Yuehai , Li Ya‐Min 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed four‐component cascade reaction for the preparation of triazoles bearing β‐hydroxy chalcogenides from terminal alkynes, azides, epoxides, and Se/K2S is reported. The present reaction proceeds under mild conditions, and exhibits a good functional group compatibility. A possible mechanism is proposed.magnified image
Emergency medicine residents spend over 7.5 months of their 3‐year residency on the electronic health record
Authors: Olson Elizabeth , Rushnell Chelsea , Khan Ahsan , Cunningham Kyle W. , Allen Bryant , Fox Sean M. , Sing Ronald F. , Sachdev Gaurav 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundUse of the electronic health record (EHR) is a standard component of modern patient care. Although EHRs have improved since inception, cumbersome workflows decrease the time for residents to spend on clinical and educational activities. This study aims to quantify the time spent interacting with the EHR during a 3‐year emergency medicine (EM) residency.MethodsSystem records of time spent actively engaged in EHR use were analyzed for 98 unique EM residents over a period of 5 years from July 2015 to June 2020. Time spent on the EHR was totaled to give a career time, with a “work month” defined as a 4‐week period of 70.5 h per week, based on Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education work hour restrictions for EM residents. Engagement in specific activities such as chart review, documentation preparation, and order entry were separately analyzed.ResultsOver their 3‐year training, a resident interacted with the EHR for 2,171 continuous hours. This amounts to 30.8 work weeks or 7.7 work months. Chart review was the most time‐intensive activity at 11.42 weeks. Documentation accounted for 9.91 weeks, with an average career total of 7,280 notes created. Additionally, each resident spent 4.57 weeks on order entry, with 46,347 orders entered during training. While the number of charts opened increased after first year of residency, average time spent on each activity per patient decreased.ConclusionsThis unique study quantifies the total time an EM resident spends on the EHR during a 3‐year residency. Use of the EHR accounted for over 7.5 work months or nearly 21% of their training. Residents spend a substantial portion of their training interacting with the EHR and workflow improvements to reduce EHR time are critical for maximizing training time.
Syngas production from polyolefins in a semi‐batch reactor system
Authors: Svadlenak Scott , Rochefort Skip , Goulas Konstantinos A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe investigate syngas production from polyolefins commonly found in solid waste in a semi‐batch reactor system via gasification and catalytic reforming. We find that the gasification behavior of polymer waste is correlated to the energy of the weakest CH bond in the polymer structure. Furthermore, we show that the syngas yield can be enhanced by the use of adsorbents and reforming catalysts, which promote gasification and reforming over pyrolysis reactions. Adsorbents are required for the achievement of high syngas yields when the polymer feed is comprised of polymers that pyrolyze at lower temperatures, such as PS, PP, and LDPE, resulting in carbon loss as light hydrocarbons. Adsorbents trap these light gases and release them at a higher temperature, where reforming over a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst can take place. This behavior also results in synergistic effects when blends of polymers are gasified. The Ni/Al2O3 catalyst is stable over multiple recycle reactor runs.
Three decades of the Human Genome Organization
Authors: Lee Charles , Antonarakis Stylianos E. , Hamosh Ada , Burn John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Human Genome Organization (HUGO) was initially established in 1988 to help integrate international scientific genomic activity and to accelerate the diffusion of knowledge from the efforts of the human genome project. Its founding President was Victor McKusick. During the late 1980s and 1990s, HUGO organized lively gene mapping meetings to accurately place genes on the genome as chromosomes were being sequenced. With the completion of the Human Genome Project, HUGO went through some transitions and self‐reflection. In 2020, HUGO (which hosts a large annual scientific meeting and comprises the renowned HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee [HGNC], responsible for naming genes, and an outstanding Ethics Committee) was merged with the Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS; which defines the correct nomenclature for variation description) and the Human Variome Project (HVP; championed by the late Richard Cotton) into a single organization that is committed to assembling human genomic variation from all over the world. This consolidated effort, under a new Executive Board and seven focused committees, will facilitate efficient and effective communication and action to bring the benefits of increasing knowledge of genome diversity and biology to people all over the world.
Using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative to improve early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Veitch Dallas P. , Weiner Michael W. , Aisen Paul S. , Beckett Laurel A. , DeCarli Charles , Green Robert C. , Harvey Danielle , Jack Clifford R. , Jagust William , Landau Susan M. , Morris John C. , Okonkwo Ozioma , Perrin Richard J. , Petersen Ronald C. , Rivera‐Mindt Monica , Saykin Andrew J. , Shaw Leslie M. , Toga Arthur W. , Tosun Duygu , Trojanowski John Q. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has accumulated 15 years of clinical, neuroimaging, cognitive, biofluid biomarker and genetic data, and biofluid samples available to researchers, resulting in more than 3500 publications. This review covers studies from 2018 to 2020.MethodsWe identified 1442 publications using ADNI data by conventional search methods and selected impactful studies for inclusion.ResultsDisease progression studies supported pivotal roles for regional amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau deposition, and identified underlying genetic contributions to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vascular disease, immune response, inflammation, resilience, and sex modulated disease course. Biologically coherent subgroups were identified at all clinical stages. Practical algorithms and methodological changes improved determination of Aβ status. Plasma Aβ, phosphorylated tau181, and neurofilament light were promising noninvasive biomarkers. Prognostic and diagnostic models were externally validated in ADNI but studies are limited by lack of ethnocultural cohort diversity.DiscussionADNI has had a profound impact in improving clinical trials for AD.