bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audiências de conciliação: determinações legais e interação
Authors: Galvão Marise Adriana Mamede , Lanzillo Anderson Souza da Silva 
Published: May 2021

Este estudo é uma reflexão direcionada à interação em audiências de conciliação realizadas em um Fórum Cível no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Buscamos discutir algumas dimensões dessas audiências, guiados pelo que define a legislação (Código de Processo Civil e Lei dos Juizados Especiais), observando de que forma as regulações normativas influenciam os aspectos linguístico-discursivos. Nesse sentido, privilegiamos as evidências da organização geral da interação e as escolhas lexicais que permeiam as audiências, do ponto de vista da Conversação Institucional. Seguimos a orientação da Análise da Conversação para a construção do corpus de investigação, constituído por duas audiências de conciliação gravadas em vídeo e transcritas conforme o sistema adotado pelos estudos de textos orais. A análise dos dados das audiências nos possibilitou reconhecer algumas regularidades na interação, marcadas pelo que é definido institucionalmente, haja vista o cumprimento de leis e orientações que se manifestam no plano linguístico-discursivo, a partir do léxico identificado nos dados da presente pesquisa.
Particulate Air Pollution and Risk of Cardiovascular Events Among Adults With a History of Stroke or Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Liao Noelle S. , Sidney Stephen , Deosaransingh Kamala , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Schwartz Joel , Alexeeff Stacey E. 
Published: May 2021

Background

Previous studies have found associations between fine particulate matter <2.5 µm in diameter (PM
2.5
) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among populations with no CVD history. Less is understood about susceptibility of adults with a history of CVD and subsequent PM
2.5
‐related CVD events and whether current regulation levels for PM
2.5
are protective for this population.

Methods and Results

This retrospective cohort study included 96 582 Kaiser Permanente Northern California adults with a history of stroke or acute myocardial infarction. Outcome, covariate, and address data obtained from electronic health records were linked to time‐varying 1‐year mean PM
2.5
exposure estimates based on residential locations. Cox proportional hazard models estimated risks of stroke, acute myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality associated with PM
2.5
exposure, adjusting for multiple covariates. Secondary analyses estimated risks below federal and state regulation levels (12 µg/m
3
for 1‐year mean PM
2.5
). A 10‐µg/m
3
increase in 1‐year mean PM
2.5
exposure was associated with an increase in risk of cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.11–1.30), but no increase in risk of stroke or acute myocardial infarction. Analyses of <12 µg/m
3
showed increased risk for CVD mortality (HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.96–2.71), stroke (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.09–1.83]), and acute myocardial infarction (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.21–1.89) per 10‐µg/m
3
increase in 1‐year mean PM
2.5
.

Conclusions

Adults with a history of CVD are susceptible to the effects of PM
2.5
exposure, particularly on CVD mortality. Increased risks observed at exposure levels <12 µg/m
3
highlight that current PM
2.5
regulation levels may not be protective for this susceptible population.
Race Differences in High-Grade Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Lal Brajesh K. , Meschia James F. , Brott Thomas G. , Jones Michael , Aronow Herbert D. , Lackey Angelica , Howard George 
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:
Despite a higher incidence of stroke and a more adverse cardiovascular risk factor profile in Blacks and Hispanics compared with Whites, carotid artery revascularization is performed less frequently among these subpopulations. We assessed racial differences in high-grade (≥70% diameter-reducing) carotid stenosis.

Methods:
Consecutive clients in a Nationwide Life Line for-Profit Service to screen for vascular disease, 2005 to 2019 were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. The prevalence of high-grade stenosis, defined by a carotid ultrasound peak systolic velocity of ≥230 cm/s, was assessed. Participants self-identified as White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, or other. Race/ethnic differences were assessed using Poisson regression. The number of individuals in the United States with high-grade stenosis was estimated by applying prevalence estimates to 2015 US Census population estimates.

Results:
The prevalence of high-grade carotid stenosis was estimated in 6 130 481 individuals. The prevalence of high-grade stenosis was higher with increasing age in all race-sex strata. Generally, Blacks and Hispanics had a lower prevalence of high-grade stenosis compared with Whites, while Native Americans had a higher prevalence. For example, for men aged 55 to 65, the relative risk of stenosis compared with Whites was 0.40 (95% CI, 0.29–0.55) and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.46–0.81) for Blacks and Hispanics, respectively; and 1.53 (95% CI, 1.12–2.10) for Native Americans. When these prevalence estimates were applied to the Census estimates of the US population, an estimated 327 721 individuals have high-grade stenosis, of whom 7% are Black, 7% Hispanic, and 43% women.

Conclusions:
Despite their having a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile, there was a lower prevalence of high-grade carotid artery stenosis for both the Black and Hispanic relative to the White clients. This lower prevalence of high-grade stenosis is a potential contributor to the lower use of carotid revascularization procedures in these minority populations.
Dry Ice Self-Pressurised Rapid Freezing (DryIce SPRF): all you need to cool for cryofixation of nematodes is dry ice
Authors: Claeys Myriam , Yushin Vladimir V. , Bert Wim 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Cryofixation immediately arrests all biochemical, physiological and dynamic processes underway in the sample in their present state, resulting in both excellent preservation of the specimen’s ultrastructure and its antigenicity. Cryofixation involves extremely rapid cooling of specimens, creating an amorphous, or ‘non-crystalline’, state of water containing no detectable ice crystals, a process dependent on pressure, medium composition and temperature. Self-Pressurised Rapid Freezing (SPRF) employs plunge freezing of specimens in a sealed copper tube into a cryogen such as nitrogen slush (−210°C), liquid nitrogen (−196°C), ethane (−183°C) or propane (−120°C). In this study we have explored the use of SPRF with cooled acetone on dry ice (−80°C) as the cryogen, a method named DryIce SPRF. Although with this relatively high temperature amorphous water cannot be formed, we have demonstrated that the ultrastructural and antigenicity results after DryIce SPRF on Caenorhabditis elegans are perfectly comparable with those achieved using High Pressure Freezing and SPRF. Thus, with sufficient pressure optimal results, with ice crystals below the resolution of transmission electron microscopy, can be achieved even at −78°C. Furthermore, a huge advantage of DryIce SPRF over other techniques is its use of affordable, easily available and safe products.
Zaynab Fawwāz’s Feminist Locutions
Authors: Booth Marilyn 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lebanese-Egyptian Zaynab Fawwāz (ca. 1850-1914) was an unusual presence in 1890s Egypt: an immigrant from Shīʿī south Lebanon, without major family support, she created an intellectual place for herself in the Cairo press, generating a forthright voice on women’s needs as distinct from “the nation’s.” Like most Arabophone writers on “the Woman Question,” Fawwāz addressed girls’ education, but she focused less on domestic training than on work and income, gender-defined dependency, and exploitation. She highlighted gender-prejudiced uses of religious knowledge to further masculine privilege. Framing her arguments within terms of engagement defined by Islamic sharīʿah, she appropriated and redefined keywords for an indigenous feminism. She repurposed the Islamic-Arabic genre of biographical writing for feminist-inflected history writing. I consider how Fawwāz deployed terminology and genre to contest patriarchal readings of Islamic practice sustained by assumptions of masculinist authority. Fawwāz’s writings remind us that secularism was never inherent in Arabophone feminist theorizing, nor were the earliest Arab feminisms Western derivatives. Historical assemblages shaped by Islamic (and Christian) worldviews yielded creative syntheses that were firmly indigenous.
The Polemics of Iltizām: Al-Ādāb’s Early Arguments for Commitment
Authors: Al-Attabi Qussay 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Lebanese monthly Al-Ādāb is accredited with the dissemination of iltizām, the Arabic rendition of Jean-Paul Sartre’s engagement (commitment). The concept assumed significance throughout the 1950s–1970s. In fact, it is often singled out as the most important literary term of the period. Surprisingly, however, a closer look at Al-Ādāb’s early issues reveals that, despite the forceful circulation of iltizām, indeterminacy and confusion continued to plague the term. Through archival research of Al-Ādāb’s early numbers, this article shows that this indeterminacy contributed to iltizām’s popularity and argues that the dissemination of the term was characterized by an intriguing paradox: while iltizām failed as a term of literary criticism (due in large part to the inconclusive nature of its meaning), it succeeded in fueling robust literary and critical output.
Key factors influencing the severity of fluvial flood hazard from tropical cyclones
Authors: Titley H. A. , Cloke H. L. , Harrigan S. , Pappenberger F. , Prudhomme C. , Robbins J. C. , Stephens E. M. , Zsoter E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the key drivers of the severity of river flooding from tropical cyclones (TCs) is vital for emergency preparedness and disaster risk reduction activities. This global study examines landfalling TCs in the decade from 2010 to 2019, to identify those characteristics that influence whether a storm has an increased flood hazard. The highest positive correlations are found between flood severity and the total precipitation associated with the TC. Significant negative correlations are found between flood severity and the translation speed of the TC, indicating that slower moving storms, that rain over an area for longer, tend to have higher flood severity. Larger and more intense TCs increase the likelihood of having a larger area affected by severe flooding but not its duration or magnitude, and it is found that the fluvial flood hazard can be severe in all intensity categories of TC, including those of tropical storm strength. Catchment characteristics such as antecedent soil moisture and slope also play a role in modulating flood severity, and severe flooding is more likely in cases where multiple drivers are present. The improved knowledge of the key drivers of fluvial flooding in TCs can help to inform research priorities to help with flood early warning, such as increasing the focus on translation speed in model evaluation and impact-based forecasting.
Perceptions of Safety Climate and Fatigue Related to ACGME Residency Duty Hour Restrictions in Otolaryngology Residents
Authors: Carr Michele M. , Friedel Jonathan E. , Foreman Anne M. , O’Brien Daniel C. , Wirth Oliver 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo compare otolaryngology residents’ perceptions of safety climate with respect to duty hour compliance and self‐perceived fatigue.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingForty‐one otolaryngology residencies distributed across the United States.MethodsA national sample of otolaryngology residents was surveyed electronically in 2019. The survey included demographic details, on‐call descriptors, an 18‐point Safety Climate Survey (SCS) modified to measure perceptions of program attitudes and practices around resident duty hour compliance, and the 33‐point Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ).ResultsOf 397 surveyed residents, 205 (51.6%) responded. The mean modified SCS score was 11.29 out of 18 (95% CI, 10.76‐11.81). Respondents were most likely to disagree with “Residents are told when they are at risk of working beyond ACGME [Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education] duty hour restrictions,” where 100 (48.8%) disagreed or strongly disagreed. The mean CFQ score was 15.99 of 33 (95% CI, 15.17‐16.81). As the modified SCS score improved, CFQ scores decreased, indicating an inverse relationship between duty hour safety climate and fatigue. Having a protected postcall day off and having the program director, chief resident, or senior resident decide that a resident should take a postcall day off were all associated with higher modified SCS scores.ConclusionOtolaryngology residents perceived a safety climate that is suboptimal with regard to duty hour restriction issues. Additionally, an inverse relationship between fatigue and modified SCS scores suggests that fatigue among residents may be lower in programs where residents perceive that ACGME duty hour compliance is more important.
Validity and reliability of Persian version of the Arm Function in Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire
Authors: Afshar Sara , Akbarfahimi Nazila , Rassafiani Mehdi , Vahedi Mohsen , Azimian Mojtaba , Pashang Shaghayegh , Etemadifar Masoud 
Published: May 2021

Introduction This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Arm Function in Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire which is a self-report questionnaire for persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Method This methodological study was performed in the following stages: translation, validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability of Persian-AMSQ. The Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT), Coin Rotation Task (CRT), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) for construct validity were used. Psychometric testing was done to ascertain the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Results In this study, 155 people with MS participated. There were no major linguistic or cultural difficulties in the translation of AMSQ. Face and content validity confirmed by experts and people with MS. The internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s α = 0.99). Test–retest reliability, as measured with intra-class coefficient, was 0.98. Correlations with 9HPT (r = 0.54), CRT (r = 0.16), and FIM (r = −0.54) were significant ( p < 0.05). Conclusion The Persian-AMSQ appears to be a valid and reliable questionnaire for measuring upper extremity dysfunction in MS.
Improving occupational therapists’ confidence in completing the Allied Health Professions Health and Work Report: Results from the CREATE feasibility study
Authors: Ablewhite Joanne , Coole Carol , Konstantinidis Stathis T , Fecowycz Aaron , Khan Sayeed , Drummond Avril 
Published: May 2021

Introduction There is a concern that occupational therapists lack confidence in advising on fitness to work. The aim of this study was to compare two training methods of improving occupational therapists’ confidence in completing the Allied Health Professions Health and Work Report (AHP H&WR). Method A mixed-methods study was conducted. Occupational therapists were recruited to face-to-face ( n = 14) or online ( n = 18) training. Data were collected via questionnaires at baseline, one week and eight weeks post-training, and using semi-structured telephone interviews. Questionnaire data were analysed descriptively; interviews were analysed thematically. Results It was possible to recruit and retain participants to the study. Occupational therapists from both groups reported that the training improved their confidence in completing the AHP H&WR. However, the majority did not have the opportunity to complete an AHP H&WR in practice during the follow-up period. Conclusion Similar results for both training methods shows promise for further development and testing. There is therefore potential to conduct a definitive study in this area.
CRISPR-edited megakaryocytes for rapid screening of platelet gene functions
Authors: Montenont Emilie , Bhatlekar Seema , Jacob Shancy , Kosaka Yasuhiro , Manne Bhanu K. , Lee Olivia , Parra-Izquierdo Ivan , Tugolukova Emilia , Tolley Neal D. , Rondina Matthew T. , Bray Paul F. , Rowley Jesse W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Human anucleate platelets cannot be directly modified using traditional genetic approaches. Instead, studies of platelet gene function depend on alternative models. Megakaryocytes (the nucleated precursor to platelets) are the nearest cell to platelets in origin, structure, and function. However, achieving consistent genetic modifications in primary megakaryocytes has been challenging, and the functional effects of induced gene deletions on human megakaryocytes for even well-characterized platelet genes (eg, ITGA2B) are unknown. Here we present a rapid and systematic approach to screen genes for platelet functions in CD34+ cell-derived megakaryocytes called CRIMSON (CRISPR-edited megakaryocytes for rapid screening of platelet gene functions). By using CRISPR/Cas9, we achieved efficient nonviral gene editing of a panel of platelet genes in megakaryocytes without compromising megakaryopoiesis. Gene editing induced loss of protein in up to 95% of cells for platelet function genes GP6, RASGRP2, and ITGA2B; for the immune receptor component B2M; and for COMMD7, which was previously associated with cardiovascular disease and platelet function. Gene deletions affected several select responses to platelet agonists in megakaryocytes in a manner largely consistent with those expected for platelets. Deletion of B2M did not significantly affect platelet-like responses, whereas deletion of ITGA2B abolished agonist-induced integrin activation and spreading on fibrinogen without affecting the translocation of P-selectin. Deletion of GP6 abrogated responses to collagen receptor agonists but not thrombin. Deletion of RASGRP2 impaired functional responses to adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP), thrombin, and collagen receptor agonists. Deletion of COMMD7 significantly impaired multiple responses to platelet agonists. Together, our data recommend CRIMSON for rapid evaluation of platelet gene phenotype associations.
A cluster randomized trial evaluating a teachable moment communication process for tobacco cessation support
Authors: Flocke Susan A. , Albert Elizabeth L. , Lewis Steven A. , Love Thomas E. , Rose Jeanmarie C. , Kaelber David C. , Seeholzer Eileen L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
This study examines the uptake of a clinician-focused teachable moment communication process (TMCP) and its impact on patient receipt of tobacco cessation support. The TMCP is a counseling method that uses patient concerns to help clinicians guide behavior change discussions about tobacco. We evaluate the added value of the TMCP training in a health system that implemented an Ask-Advise-Connect (AAC) systems-based approach.

Methods
A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial included eight community health centers. Training involved a web module and onsite skill development with standardized patients and coaching. Main outcome measures included contact and enrollment in cessation services among patients referred for counseling, prescription of cessation medications and quit attempts.

Results
Forty-four of 60 eligible clinicians received the TMCP training. Among TMCP-trained clinicians 68% used a TMCP approach (documented by flowsheet use) one or more times, with the median number of uses being 15 (IQR 2–33). Overall, the TMCP was used in 661 out of 8198 visits by smokers (8%). There was no improvement in any of the tobacco cessation assistance outcomes for the AAC + TMCP vs. the AAC only period. Visits where clinicians used the TMCP approach were associated with increased ordering of tobacco cessation medications, (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.9, 3.5) and providing advice to quit OR 3.2 (95% CI 2.2, 4.7).

Conclusions
Despite high fidelity to the training, uptake of the TMCP approach in routine practice was poor, making it difficult to evaluate the impact on patient outcomes. When the TMCP approach was used, ordering tobacco cessation medications increased.

Implications
Tobacco cessation strategies in primary care have the potential to reach a large portion of the population and deliver advice tailored to the patient. The poor uptake of the approach despite high training fidelity suggests that additional implementation support strategies, are needed to increase sustainable adoption of the TMCP approach.

Trial Registration
clinicaltrials.gov #NCT02764385, registration date 06/05/2016.
A Niemann‐pick C1 disease child with BCG-itis: a case report and analysis
Authors: Lin Jing-jing , Liu Xu-hui , Xia Lu , Feng Yan-ling , Xi Xiu-hong , Lu Shui-hua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Niemann-Pick C disease is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal lipid storage disorder. Some primary immunodeficiency diseases patients developed regional disease or disseminated disease after vaccinating BCG. It is unclear whether NPC gene deficiency is associated with Mycobacteria infection.

Case presentation
We report and discuss a case of a child who presented at the age of 6 months with NPC1 and BCG-itis. The patient was treated with Miglustat and the symptom of lymphadenopathy was improved.

Conclusions
We reasonably speculate that NPC1 is a susceptibility gene of Mtb infection and mainly affects innate immunity. Once diagnosed, the infant should not be vaccinated with BCG and early treated.