bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children Possessed: Adam Maor and Yonatan Levy’s Opera The Sleeping Thousand (2019)
Authors: GROVER-FRIEDLANDER MICHAL 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdam Maor and Yonatan Levy’s chamber opera The Sleeping Thousand refashions the Palestinian–Israeli conflict as a futuristic science-fiction political fantasy. Adopting a critical and satirical perspective, the opera develops ad absurdum an imaginative state of affairs out of which a utopian and dystopian situation unfolds. My argument is that in The Sleeping Thousand, children are central and, furthermore, that the image construed for them is new to the medium of opera. The image is disconcerting. The child is positioned in a troubled, brutal world and catalyses the portrayal of a violent, cursed, unethical, and estranged world inhabited by adults. Children are not assigned a voice but rather are reported on; in the report, they are said to be possessed by a dybbuk. In The Sleeping Thousand, a dybbuk phenomenon forms operatic children and, through them, infiltrates the opera as a whole.
Water Infrastructure as a Technology of Control and a Site of Negotiation in Nineteenth-Century Batavia, Netherlands Indies
Authors: Toivanen Mikko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines the social and political aspects of late nineteenth-century water management in Batavia (now Jakarta), the capital of the Netherlands Indies. Through a detailed analysis of how a mixture of old and new water technologies featured in the city’s public debates and decision-making, it argues that water infrastructure served as a key site of social control over the city’s diverse population. From the 1870s onwards, deep-bore artesian wells linked to public hydrants were introduced to provide a reliable and hygienic supply of clean water. This was a response to long-standing concerns over the city’s waste-blocked canals and their deleterious health effects. The article shows how these technologies came to be entwined with new, punitive social norms, enforced through both formal regulations on water use and informal complaints over wastefulness; moreover, these norms had a clear racial dimension, being directed primarily against the city’s Asian communities and repurposing long-standing stereotypes. Yet, beyond official discourses, a close reading of these debates shows that Batavia’s canals and hydrants also functioned as grassroots sites of negotiation, where different ideas – not just of water and land but of the very concept of public spaces and the colonial public sphere – met and occasionally clashed.
Natural capital and aggregate income growth
Authors: Manning Dale T. , Barbier Edward B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We explore the theoretical conditions in which natural capital improves explanations of aggregate income growth from factor changes. With positive total factor productivity (TFP) growth, including natural capital better explains growth if natural capital growth rates exceed physical capital growth rates. With negative TFP growth and higher natural capital growth rates, natural capital worsens explanations of growth. Using a comprehensive dataset on natural resource stocks and income shares in GDP, we perform an empirical analysis with 99 countries over three time periods between 2001 and 2015 and find that 41 per cent of country-time periods meet the conditions for improved growth explanation with natural capital. Of these, 59 per cent occur because TFP growth is negative, and physical capital growth exceeds that of natural capital. In these cases, including natural capital simultaneously reduces bias in factor shares and TFP estimates and improves the share of growth explained by changes in factors.
Characterization and Comparison of Formulas for Optimizing Broadside Radiation and Null Beams in 2D Leaky-Wave Antennas
Authors: Fuscaldo Walter , Jackson David R. , Galli Alessandro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) are commonly designed to radiate pencil beams at broadside and/or scanned conical beams. Recently, the possibility to radiate narrow null patterns at broadside has also been preliminarily explored. In this work, we first review the design rules to obtain a pencil beam from an infinite 2D LWA and then show how they change for having a beam with a narrow null at broadside. The effects of antenna truncation are also accounted for in both cases, and numerical results show how the optimum conditions are in turn affected. Finally, full-wave validations of practical structures excited with either horizontal or vertical dipoles validate the analysis.
High sound pressure piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers using sputtered potassium sodium niobate
Authors: Xia Fan , Peng Yande , Yue Wei , Luo Mingze , Teng Megan , Chen Chun-Ming , Pala Sedat , Yu Xiaoyang , Ma Yuanzheng , Acharya Megha , Arakawa Ryuichi , Martin Lane W. , Lin Liwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis work presents air-coupled piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs) with high sound pressure level (SPL) under low-driving voltages by utilizing sputtered potassium sodium niobate K0.34Na0.66NbO3 (KNN) films. A prototype single KNN pMUT has been tested to show a resonant frequency at 106.3 kHz under 4 Vp-p with outstanding characteristics: (1) a large vibration amplitude of 3.74 μm/V, and (2) a high acoustic root mean square (RMS) sound pressure level of 105.5 dB/V at 10 cm, which is 5–10 times higher than those of AlN-based pMUTs at a similar frequency. There are various potential sensing and actuating applications, such as fingerprint sensing, touch point, and gesture recognition. In this work, we present demonstrations in three fields: haptics, loudspeakers, and rangefinders. For haptics, an array of 15 × 15 KNN pMUTs is used as a non-contact actuator to provide a focal pressure of around 160.3 dB RMS SPL at a distance of 15 mm. This represents the highest output pressure achieved by an airborne pMUT for haptic sensation on human palms. When used as a loudspeaker, a single pMUT element with a resonant frequency close to the audible range at 22.8 kHz is characterized. It is shown to be able to generate a uniform acoustic output with an amplitude modulation scheme. In the rangefinder application, pulse-echo measurements using a single pMUT element demonstrate good transceiving results, capable of detecting objects up to 2.82 m away. As such, this new class of high-SPL and low-driving-voltage pMUTs could be further extended to other applications requiring high acoustic pressure and a small form factor.
Genetic risk for treatment resistant schizophrenia and corresponding variation in dopamine synthesis capacity and D2/3 receptor availability in healthy individuals
Authors: Eisenberg Daniel Paul , Blackman Rachael Keir , Tietcheu Maria G. , Kohn Philip D. , Bettina Jasmin S. , Kolachana Bhaskar , Gregory Michael D. , Berman Karen F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDysfunction of dopamine systems has long been considered a hallmark of schizophrenia, and nearly all current first-line medication treatments block dopamine D2 receptors. However, approximately a quarter of patients will not adequately respond to these agents and are considered treatment-resistant. Whereas abnormally high striatal presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity has been observed in people with schizophrenia, studies of treatment-resistant patients have not shown this pattern and have even found the opposite – i.e., reductions in striatal presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity. Whether such reductions in fact represent clinical epiphenomena such as medication or other treatment effects or whether they rather represent neurobiological differences related to etiology has been unclear. To understand the dopaminergic implications of genetic liability for treatment-resistant schizophrenia without the confound of clinical epiphenomena, we studied a cohort of healthy individuals without neuropsychiatric illness using [18F]-FDOPA positron emission tomography (PET) and found that striatal presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity showed an expected direct association with cumulative genetic risk burden for general schizophrenia but an inverse association with specific polygenic risk for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Subsequent evaluation of D2/3 dopamine receptor availability in an overlapping cohort using [18F]-fallypride PET did not identify any effects of genetic risk in the striatum but found an association with treatment-resistant schizophrenia polygenic risk in the thalamus. Overall, these results align with prior PET studies in patients and implicate, at least with respect to the dopamine system, fundamentally distinct molecular mechanisms in the unique genetic liability for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Diversity and future perspectives of Mediterranean deep-water oyster reefs
Authors: Castellan Giorgio , Angeletti Lorenzo , Taviani Marco 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic and climate factors are increasingly affecting the composition and functions of many marine biogenic reefs globally, leading to a decline in associated biodiversity and ecosystem services. Once dominant ecological component, modern oyster reefs in the Mediterranean and Black Sea and the Atlantic Ocean have already been profoundly altered by overharvesting, habitat loss and the introduction of alien species. Far less known are deep-water oyster reefs, which can however form substantial biogenic structures below 30 m depth. Here we analyze the diversity of benthic assemblages associated with deep-water oyster reefs formed by the gryphaeid Neopycnodonte cochlear, and other mesophotic habitats in the central Mediterranean Sea using a taxonomic and functional approach. Our findings suggest that deep-water oyster reefs may act as hotspots of biodiversity and ecological functions in the Mediterranean Sea under current conditions, having also an edge in survival in a changing ocean.
Fourier analysis of signal dependent noise images
Authors: Heine John , Fowler Erin , Schabath Matthew B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn archetype signal dependent noise (SDN) model is a component used in analyzing images or signals acquired from different technologies. This model-component may share properties with stationary normal white noise (WN). Measurements from WN images were used as standards for making comparisons with SDN in both the image domain (ID) and Fourier domain (FD). The ID wavelet expansion was applied to WN images (n = 1000). Orthogonality conditions were used to parametrically model the variance decomposition, as described in both domains. FD components were investigated with probability density function modeling and summarized measures. SDN images were constructed by multiplying both simulated and clinical mammograms (both with n = 1000) by WN. The variance decomposition for both WN and SDN decreases exponentially as a parametric function of the ID expansion level; expansion image variances for both types of noise were captured similarly in the Fourier plane corresponding with the ID parametric model. The Fourier transform of WN has a uniform power spectrum distributed exponentially; SDN has similar attributes. Fourier inversion of the lag-autocorrelation performed in the FD produced a statistical estimation of the SDN’s image factor. These findings are counterintuitive as SDN can be nonstationary in the ID but have stationary attributes in the FD.
Phase transitions in the non-stationary lattice Anderson model
Authors: Chen Xiaoyun , Han Dan , Molchanov Stanislav A. 
Published: December 2024

We study the non-stationary Anderson parabolic problem on the lattice Zd, i.e., the equation ∂u∂t=ϰAu(t,x)+ξt(x)u(t,x),u(0,x)≡1,(t,x)∈[0,∞)×Zd. Here A is a non-local difference operator, ξt(x), t ≥ 0, x ∈ Zd, is the family of the correlated white noises and ϰ &gt; 0 is the diffusion coefficient. The changes of ϰ (large vs small) are responsible for the qualitative phase transition in the model. At the first step the analysis of the model is reduced to the solution of the stochastic differential equation (in the standard Itô’s form) on the weighted Hilbert space l2(Zd, μ) with an appropriate measure μ. The equations of first two moments of the solution u(t, x) are derived and studied using the spectral analysis of the corresponding Schrödinger operators with special class of the positive definite potentials. The analysis reveals several bifurcations depending on the properties of the kernel of A and the correlation function in the potential.
Vertical GaN Schottky barrier diodes with micrometer pillar Schottky contacts
Authors: Zhu Renqiang , Li Bo , Li Shuai , Ma Zhengweng , Yang Huakai , He Shijie , Huang Shuangwu , Xiong Xinbo , Chiu Hsien-Chin , Li Xiaohua , Zhang Bo , Liu Xinke 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present a novel design of gallium nitride (GaN) Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with a vertical micropillar structure. The micron-scale electrode design can effectively enhance the on-state current density and reduce the specific on-resistance (R
on,Sp). In addition, it allows for a reduction in the turn-on voltage (V
on) by minimizing the spacing between the electrodes. This phenomenon can be explained by the intensified electric field coupling between the electrodes, as confirmed from the technology computer aided design simulations. By controlling the distance between the micron pillars, the V
on of the SBD varies from approximately 0.35 V to 0.46 V. These results showcase the potential of our SBD design with micropillar contacts in efficient high-power applications.
Influence of Pt doping on magnetic and electronic properties in NiFe thin films
Authors: Aksu Perihan , Pişkin Hasan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Several applications in nowadays spintronics require new materials with a lower coercive field, higher spin damping parameter, and lower Curie temperature to manipulate its magnetization via injected spin currents (spin-transfer torque or spin–orbit torque) with a faster magnetization switching. Besides, for the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR)-based magnetic field sensors, the materials that have softer magnetic properties and higher AMR differences (

Δ
R
=

R
∥

−
R
⊥

) are valuable to enhance the sensor’s magnetic field sensitivity and signal’s readability. In this regard, the tunability of magneto-static, magneto-dynamic, and electronic properties of Ni80Fe20 alloy diluted with Pt have been systematically investigated in the present work. For the (Ni80Fe20)(1−x)Pt(x) ternary alloys, x were varied between 0 and 0.6. The experimental results show that the use of ∼15% Pt is beneficial to enhance the AMR difference with a lower coercive field. Furthermore, since the addition of Pt into Ni80Fe20 enhances the Gilbert damping while lowering both the Curie temperature and saturation magnetization, the magnetic moments become more vulnerable to manipulation which is crucial for spintronics-based devices.
Comparison of quantitative analysis models for atmospheric bioaerosols based on mixed fluorescence spectra
Authors: Jian Xiaojiao , He Tingyao , Li Jiaojiao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Real-time monitoring of atmospheric bioaerosol concentrations primarily involves analyzing the total fluorescence signal, which does not provide the specific content of each component. Since mixed fluorescence spectra contain information about the composition and content of bioaerosols, by employing multivariate analysis of the spectra and using multivariate regression algorithms, it is possible to extract the components from the mixed spectra and predict the proportion of each component. In this study, upon the extracted components in the mixed fluorescence spectra by vertex component analysis, we compared several quantitative analysis models for their accuracy in predicting bioaerosol proportions. The models can obtain the proportion of each component effectively when three components exist in the mixed spectra, with 2D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) having the best effect. To ascertain the algorithms’ stability, discussions on scenarios involving multiple components (four-component and five-component mixtures) as well as low-frequency noise conditions have also been included. The degree of impact on Bacillus Subtilis is the biggest when the number of mixed components increased. For the CNNs, the interference caused by the increase in the number of components is relatively higher than that of low frequency noise. When the number of the component is increased, the prediction effect of the algorithms is affected with considerable low frequency noise. Principal component regression and back propagation neural networks can maintain a relatively stable and reliable prediction effect. It is possible to match the most suitable algorithms for different components, thereby obtaining more accurate measurement results and providing a certain reference value for the detection of bioaerosol concentrations.
A two-layer optimal scheduling method for microgrids based on adaptive stochastic model predictive control
Authors: Hu Jinxing , Yan Pengqian , Tan Guoqiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Renewable energy is highly susceptible to weather and environmental factors, and changes dramatically in a short period, which makes it difficult for traditional fixed-period scheduling of microgrids to capture the time-series variations of source and load, exacerbating the power imbalances of systems. To address this problem, a novel two-layer rolling optimization framework for microgrids based on adaptive stochastic model predictive control is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a two-layer microgrid optimization model based on stochastic model predictive control is established, in which measurement technology plays an indispensable role in the quality of uncertain scenarios and optimal decision results of the microgrid, as well as providing impetus for the development of the microgrid. In the upper-layer prescheduling stage, the optimal control sequence under multiple uncertainties is obtained by solving a scenario-based chance constraint programming model. In the lower-layer power compensation stage, the measured scenario errors are regarded as fluctuations, and the energy storage devices are preferentially used for smoothing processing. Secondly, an adaptive period division method using Wasserstein distance-based hierarchical clustering is developed to guide intraday online scheduling. The concepts of distribution similarity and distribution loss are presented to adaptively divide the periods under uncertain conditions, so as to overcome the disturbance of uncertainty and improve the flexibility of microgrid scheduling. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed method can flexibly deal with the uncertainty at different time scales, and achieve 53.63 kWh less compensation power and 19.12% lower operating cost than traditional fixed-period scheduling methods, and thus effectively improve the economy and reliability of microgrid operation.
Extension of measurable velocity limit of ultrasonic velocity profiling based on phase difference gradient analysis
Authors: Shoji Naruki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A signal processing method, called the ultrasonic cross-spectrum method, is proposed to extend the measurable velocity limit of ultrasonic velocity profiling. It focuses on the phase difference spectrum within the signal bandwidth and extends the velocity limit by analyzing its gradient. The algorithmic performance is confirmed via echo signal simulation and experimental pipe flow measurement. Consequently, setting a threshold for the coefficient of determination for phase-difference spectrum fitting enables us to reduce the false velocity detection rate to <1.6% and achieve an effective data rate of 42% in low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. This data rate is twice that of a conventional method. Moreover, a comparison of pipe flow results between our method and particle image velocimetry shows that the velocity data difference is within ±2% for a velocity range twice the conventional measurable velocity limit. In short, we demonstrate the potential of this method for high-performance velocity profiling.
Investigation on the spatial distribution of H− ions in RF ICP source with Faraday shield
Authors: Chen Chao , Zhai Wenzhi , Wang Qiang , Liu Dongping , Lei Guangjiu , Ni Weiyuan , Zhao Miao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
For the realization of magnetic confinement fusion, the negative hydrogen ions produced by an radio frequency (RF) ICP (inductively coupled plasma) source are employed for neutralization process of the neutral beam injection system. A 3D fluid model tailored for the RF ICP source has been developed to explore the negative hydrogen ion distribution. The negative hydrogen ion source consists of the cylindrical driver containing Faraday shield (FS) and the expansion chamber equipped with permanent magnets. The study is focused on the influences of FS, pressure (0.5–2.0 Pa) and permanent magnet remanence (0–1.03 T) on the negative hydrogen ions distribution. When the FS is applied in the driver, the negative hydrogen ion density is low owing to the high electron temperature. The maximum density of the negative hydrogen ions rises monotonically and shifts to the driver with the increased gas pressure. The distribution of negative hydrogen ions is dominated by transport processes at low pressures, while the collision processes become significant at high pressures. The density of negative hydrogen ions near the plasm grid increases with the transverse magnetic filter (TMF) strength as a result of the decreased temperature of electrons. The asymmetry in the density of negative hydrogen ion is enhanced with the increased TMF strength. Our current model offers valuable insights into the behavior of negative hydrogen ions within RF ICP source, thereby advancing our comprehension of this critical component in fusion engineering.
Crack sensing in reinforced concrete beams and reinforced concrete pipes based on self-sensing cementitious sensors array
Authors: Yu Xianming , Yao Yao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To enable the smart monitoring of crack sensing in reinforced concrete structures using self-sensing cementitious sensors (SSCSs), this study quantified crack information based on changes in the electrical signals of SSCS. The location of cracks was evaluated based on changes in the electrical signals of SSCS. Following this, for the first time, a crack sensing was conducted by embedding an SSCS array into the reinforced concrete pipes. Based on external load tests, both failure tests and cyclic loading tests were conducted on reinforced concrete pipes. The empirical model for crack width was established based on the fractional change in peak electrical resistivity (FCR
P
) and the external load amplitude. The experimental results indicated: (1) the farther the crack was from the SSCS, the smaller the influence on the electrical signal changes of the SSCS. Therefore, the distance of the crack from the SSCS could be estimated by analyzing the changes in the fractional change in electrical resistivity (FCR); (2) for reinforced concrete pipes with existing cracks, both the FCR
P
and the residual FCR of the SSCS increased as the crack width and the amplitude of cyclic loading increased. These parameters could serve as indicators to determine whether a specific section of the concrete pipe has developed cracks; (3) an empirical model for crack width was developed based on the FCR
P
and the load amplitude. The proposed empirical model could effectively reflect the crack width in the concrete pipes by using the FCR
P
values from the SSCS array and the external load amplitude. This study presents a novel method for leakage monitoring in underground concrete pipes using an SSCS array, laying the foundation for their future application in underground concrete pipes.