bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin E2 directly inhibits the conversion of inducible regulatory T cells through EP2 and EP4 receptors via antagonizing TGF‐β signalling
Authors: Goepp Marie , Crittenden Siobhan , Zhou You , Rossi Adriano G , Narumiya Shuh , Yao Chengcan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRegulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for control of inflammatory processes by suppressing effector T‐cell functions. The actions of PGE2 on the development and function of Treg cells, particularly under inflammatory conditions, are debated. In this study, we employed pharmacological and genetic approaches to examine whether PGE2 had a direct action on T cells to modulate de novo differentiation of Treg cells. We found that TGF‐β‐induced Foxp3 expression and iTreg cell differentiation in vitro is markedly inhibited by PGE2, which was mediated by the receptors EP2 and EP4. Mechanistically, PGE2‐EP2/EP4 signalling interrupts TGF‐β signalling during iTreg differentiation. Moreover, EP4 deficiency in T cells impaired iTreg cell differentiation in vivo. Thus, our results demonstrate that PGE2 negatively regulates iTreg cell differentiation through a direct action on T cells, highlighting the potential for selectively targeting the PGE2‐EP2/EP4 pathway to control T cell‐mediated inflammation.
Retrospective screening for SARS‐CoV‐2 among influenza‐like illness hospitalizations: 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 seasons, Valencia region, Spain
Authors: Mira‐Iglesias Ainara , Mengual‐Chuliá Beatriz , Cano Laura , García‐Rubio Javier , Tortajada‐Girbés Miguel , Carballido‐Fernández Mario , Mollar‐Maseres Juan , Schwarz‐Chavarri Germán , García‐Esteban Sandra , Puig‐Barberà Joan , Díez‐Domingo Javier , López‐Labrador F. Xavier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOn 9 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Influenza Programme (GIP) asked participant sites on the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) to contribute to data collection concerning severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). We re‐analysed 5833 viral RNA archived samples collected prospectively from hospital admissions for influenza‐like illness (ILI) in the Valencia Region of Spain by the Valencia Hospital Surveillance Network for the Study of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses (VAHNSI) network (four hospitals, catchment area population 1 118 732) during the pre‐pandemic 2018/2019 (n = 4010) and pandemic 2019/2020 (n = 1823) influenza seasons for the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2. We did not find evidence for community‐acquired SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in hospital admissions for ILI in our region before early March 2020.
Determining the disordered nanostructure of calcium silicate hydrate (C‐S‐H) from broad X‐ray diffractograms
Authors: Basquiroto de Souza Felipe , Sagoe‐Crentsil Kwesi , Duan Wenhui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCalcium silicate hydrate (C‐S‐H), the main binder of Portland cement, is one of the most complex nanostructured materials, making the retrieval of its highly defective atomic arrangement a long‐standing challenge. This drawback prevents the development of realistic molecular models to guide the optimization of the physicochemical properties of Portland cement materials. Here, we applied Debye function analysis (DFA), an ab initio X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis method suitable to disordered nanostructured materials, to identify the atomic and nanoscale structural‐disorder features that dictate C‐S‐H's scattering properties. By examining the DFA theoretical calculations of C‐S‐H with different sizes, crystal defects, and stacking faults, we discovered that random layer rotations are a critical feature in the C‐S‐H phases, which has been largely overlooked by other XRD analysis methods. Moreover, the DFA calculations disclosed that C‐S‐H consists of layered, plate‐like nanoparticles with ∼10 nm in lateral size and defined crystal defects, in agreement with previous neutron scattering and spectroscopic studies. These findings may not only enable the construction of more accurate nanoscale models of hydrated cement but have potential wider application to similar complex layered structures, such as phyllosilicates, in ceramic and geological materials.
Alnus glutinosa and Orientus ishidae (Matsumura, 1902) share phytoplasma genotypes linked to the ‘Flavescence dorée’ epidemics
Authors: Rizzoli Attilio , Belgeri Elena , Jermini Mauro , Conedera Marco , Filippin Luisa , Angelini Elisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFlavescence dorée (FD) is a grapevine disease caused by associated phytoplasmas (FDp) which are epidemically spread by their main vector Scaphoideus titanus. The possible roles of alternative and secondary FDp plant hosts and vectors have gained interest in terms of better understanding of the FDp ecology and epidemiology. The findings of a survey conducted in the surroundings of three vineyards in the southern Swiss Alps aimed at studying the possible epidemiological role of the FDp secondary vector Orientus ishidae and the FDp host plant Alnus glutinosa are reported. This work demonstrates that O. ishidae is able to complete its biological cycle on A. glutinosa and to acquire FDp and 16SrV phytoplasmas very efficiently with an infection rate of 69% for the nymphal instars and 85% for the imagoes. A high prevalence of the map genotype M50 (map type FD1), which is included in the S. titanus—grapevine epidemiological cycle, was found in O. ishidae and A. glutinosa. Additionally, M12 (map type FD3), M44 and M47 were also sporadically detected. Surprisingly, the grapevines tested during this work were all infected by M54 (map type FD2) only, while the few S. titanus caught in the vineyard canopy were all FDp free. In conclusion, the occurrence of infected common alder stands and O. ishidae nearby vineyards do not seem to play a prominent role in FD epidemics in southern Switzerland. Nevertheless, wild vegetation acts as a reservoir of the FDp inoculum, which may locally trigger a FD emergence if S. titanus populations are established inside vineyards.
The effectiveness of person‐centred quality improvement strategies on the management and control of hypertension in primary care: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Manalili Kimberly , Lorenzetti Diane L. , Egunsola Oluwaseun , O'Beirne Maeve , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Scott Catherine M. , Santana Maria J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of person‐centred quality improvement strategies on the management and control of adults with hypertension in primary care.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted using the Medline, Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and APA PsycINFO databases (January 1980 to March 2020). Randomized controlled trials that evaluated person‐centred quality improvement strategies for the management and control of essential hypertension among adults (18 years) in primary care were included. Random effects models were used to estimate weighted mean differences (WMD) for the change in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP, DBP) from baseline; risk ratios (RR) were calculated for the proportion of participants achieving target blood pressures, for each quality improvement strategy assessed. A qualitative review of the implementation details of the interventions was conducted to identify common components of interventions that were effective in improving blood pressure outcomes.ResultsEight studies were included (total of 5654 patients). Findings favour use of person‐centred quality improvement interventions over usual care (RR = 1.23 [95% CI: 1.01; 1.48]) for improving blood pressure outcomes. Self‐management (RR = 1.43 [95% CI: 1.23; 1.65]) had the greatest effects on blood pressure targets. Clinician education resulted in the greatest SBP reduction (WMD:6.09 mmHg [95% CI: 2.32; 9.85]), while patient education and patient reminder systems (both WMD:4.86 mmHg [95% CI: 0.88; 8.83]) saw the most improvements in DBP. While interventions varied in their strategy implementation, common features of effective interventions included tailored communication with patients, use of health information technology, and multidisciplinary collaboration.ConclusionPerson‐centred quality improvement strategies were effective in improving blood pressure outcomes. Further research is needed regarding the context of implementing interventions to provide greater insight into the components of a person‐centred quality improvement intervention most effective in improving hypertension outcomes.
Risk factors for opioid‐related adverse drug events among older adults after hospital discharge
Authors: Herzig Shoshana J. , Anderson Timothy S. , Jung Yoojin , Ngo Long H. , McCarthy Ellen P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough opioids are initiated on hospital discharge in millions of older adults each year, there are no studies examining patient‐ and prescribing‐related risk factors for opioid‐related adverse drug events (ADEs) after hospital discharge among medical patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of a national sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older, hospitalized for a medical reason, with at least one claim for an opioid within 2 days of hospital discharge. We excluded patients receiving hospice care and patients admitted from or discharged to a facility. We used administrative billing codes and medication claims to define potential opioid‐related ADEs within 30 days of hospital discharge, and competing risks regression to identify risk factors for these events.ResultsAmong 22,879 medical hospitalizations (median age 74, 36.9% female) with an opioid claim within 2 days of hospital discharge, a potential opioid‐related ADE occurred in 1604 (7.0%). Independent risk factors included age of 80 years and older (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05–1.33); clinical conditions, including kidney disease (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08–1.37), dementia/delirium (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.22–1.56), anxiety disorder (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06–1.36), opioid use disorder (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.03–1.39), intestinal disorders (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.15–1.49), pancreaticobiliary disorders (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.09–1.61), and musculoskeletal and nervous system injuries (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.17–1.54); red flags for opioid misuse (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.04–1.80); opioid use in the 30 days before hospitalization (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.08–1.34); and prescription of long‐acting opioids (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06–1.70).ConclusionsPotential opioid‐related ADEs occurred within 30 days of hospital discharge in 7.0% of older adults discharged from a medical hospitalization with an opioid prescription. Identified risk factors can be used to inform physician decision‐making, conversations with older adults about risk, and development and targeting of harm reduction strategies.
Steroid stress hormone changes throughout the menstrual cycle: A rise in evening aldosterone concentration in early luteal phase precedes the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome
Authors: Izakova Lubomira , Hlavacova Natasa , Jezova Daniela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is still a lack of consistent evidence on dysregulation of steroid stress hormones cortisol and aldosterone in premenstrual syndrome (PMS). We aimed to test the hypothesis that, in healthy women, salivary aldosterone concentrations are higher in those with PMS compared to controls, particularly during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In total, 99 female subjects (49 women with and 50 women without PMS) participated in a prospective non‐interventional case–control study. Saliva sampling was performed in the follicular (day 8), early luteal (day 20) and late luteal phase (2 days before expected onset of bleeding) of the menstrual cycle in the morning and the evening. The results confirmed the hypothesis that salivary aldosterone concentrations are higher in women with PMS during the early luteal phase compared to controls (p < .01) in the evening. Early luteal phase aldosterone concentrations positively correlated with the frequency of premenstrual symptoms. Women with PMS exhibited a flatter morning to evening aldosterone slope compared to controls (p < .05). Morning and evening salivary cortisol concentrations were unchanged throughout the menstrual cycle in both groups of women. In conclusion, evening salivary aldosterone, but not cortisol concentrations, are increased in women with PMS during the early luteal phase compared to controls. Cortisol does not appear to be involved in the mechanisms contributing to the course of PMS. High evening salivary aldosterone in the early luteal phase may represent an important risk factor and could be of predictive value for the occurrence of premenstrual symptoms.
Effect of yoga on posttraumatic growth and quality of life in first‐time mothers: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Unver Hacer , Timur Tashan Sermin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThis study aims to examine the effect of yoga on posttraumatic growth and quality of life in postpartum mothers.MethodsThe study was conducted as randomized controlled. There were 160 participant mothers, including 80 for the yoga group and 80 for the control group. Mothers in the yoga group participated in individual yoga practices at their homes every weekday for 10 weeks. The personal information form, posttraumatic growth inventory (PTGI), and short form‐36 (SF‐36) Quality of Life Scale were used to collect data.ResultsThe results showed that total and subscale mean scores of the PTGI were higher in the yoga group than the control group after the intervention. In comparison to the control group, the mean scores of the yoga group were higher in subscales as physical functioning, role‐physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, mental health of the SF‐36, after the intervention.ConclusionThe yoga increased psychological growth and quality of life in the postpartum period. Health professionals could use yoga to increase the quality of life of mothers and to ensure their psychological growth in health care.
The Rise and Fall of Structural Contingency Theory: A Theory’s ‘autopsy’
Authors: Shenkar Oded , Ellis Shmuel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHalf a century after emerging as a leading theory in the then nascent field of organization theory, structural contingency theory seems to have disappeared from the scholarly stage. Have theoretical and methodological deficiencies predestined the theory to oblivion? Was it the lack of empirical support or practical application? Was the theory doomed by its failure to adapt to new conditions or was it rendered obsolete by the emergence of new theories with superior explanatory power? Or was the decline the result of the dispersion of its research community and the rise of strategy at the expense of organization theory? These questions and more are addressed in this paper as part of a ‘theoretical autopsy’ seeking explanations for the theory’s decline or demise. Repercussions for current and emerging organization and management theories are delineated.
Detection of muscle fatigue caused by repeated posterior tongue lift movement from neck surface EMG: a pilot study
Authors: Furutera Hiroshi , Kawakami Shigehisa , Kodama Naoki , Manda Yosuke , Kitagawa Keisuke , Nakahara Ryuichi , Minagi Shogo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundFatigue is an important factor for muscle strengthening in rehabilitation medicine. Frequency analysis has been regarded as the gold standard for muscle fatigue assessment in surface electromyography (EMG). However, there are no experiments quantifying fatigue with grouped discharge (GD), which is one of the historical phenomena observed in patients having fatigue, by using high sampling rate recording of EMG.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of fatigue, which is induced by repeated posterior tongue lift movement (TLM), on the occurrence of GD peaks, thus, to provide possible basis as a parameter for future fatigue evaluation.MethodsNineteen healthy adults (9 men and 10 women) participated in this study. The muscle fatigue protocol consisted of repetitive posterior TLM and maximum voluntary contractions (MVC). Bilateral N‐EMG (Neck surface EMG for measuring the muscle activity of the posterior tongue) was recorded.ResultsSubjective tongue fatigue at the end of the protocol was significantly higher than at beginning throughout the muscle fatigue protocol (p < .01). The frequency of occurrence of GD peaks was 0.9 ± 1.2 (per second) at the baseline in 33 of 38 subject sides, and significantly increased depending on fatigue progression (p < .01).ConclusionIt was shown that fatigue due to repetitive posterior tongue lifting resulted in significant increase in the frequency of occurrence of GD peaks. Especially, the nature of GD, showing very few occurrences at non‐fatigue condition, might work as an advantageous property for its use in future absolute evaluation of fatigue phenomena.
Serum creatinine is a poor marker of a predicted change in muscle mass in lactating sows
Authors: Muller Tracy L. , Pluske John R. , Plush Kate J. , D'Souza Darryl N. , Miller David W. , van Barneveld Robert J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSerum creatinine (SCr) in humans has proven to be a reliable biomarker of body protein breakdown and/or muscle mass change. This study set out to investigate the potential of SCr to indicate a loss in sow muscle mass over lactation, validated against 3 methyl histidine (3MH) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), markers of dietary and/or body protein breakdown. A total of 40 sows were allocated to four treatment groups aimed to induce body weight changes by restrictively feeding sows using a stepwise percentage reduction model. Data were pooled and reallocated into three groups representing the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles based on body weight change over lactation in the range −22.3 to −4.1% (treatment 25), −4.0 to 6.2% (Treatment 50), and 6.3–15.2% (Treatment 75). Indirect measures for the prediction of protein (3MH, BUN) or fat change (caliper, P2) were taken on entry into the farrowing house, day 5 of lactation, and at weaning. Serum was collected on these days, and SCr, 3MH and BUN were analysed. Piglet weaning weight and average daily feed intake did not differ between treatments (p > .05). There were no changes (p > .05) in indirect measures of body composition (sow caliper score, P2) and analytes (SCr, 3MH, BUN) over lactation. By day 20, those sows in treatment 25 had higher (p < .05) 3MH concentrations whilst changes from day 5 to 20 were not different (p > .05) and did not correlate with SCr change (p > .05) but were highly correlated to BUN change (R2 = 0.691, p < .001). The data suggested that concentrations of SCr and BUN may have been the result of dietary and/or body protein breakdown and/or changes in muscle mass. In the current testing conditions, SCr was not a reliable marker of changes in muscle mass.
BRAIN UK: Accessing NHS tissue archives for neuroscience research
Authors: Nicoll James A. R. , Bloom Tabitha , Clarke Amelia , Boche Delphine , Hilton David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of BRAIN UK (the UK BRain Archive Information Network) is to make the very extensive and comprehensive National Health Service (NHS) Neuropathology archives available to the national and international neuroscience research community. The archives comprise samples of tumours and a wide range of other neurological disorders, not only from the brain but also spinal cord, peripheral nerve, muscle, eye and other organs when relevant. BRAIN UK was founded after the recognition of the importance of this large tissue resource, which was not previously readily accessible for research use. BRAIN UK has successfully engaged the majority of the regional clinical neuroscience centres in the United Kingdom to produce a centralised database of the extensive autopsy and biopsy archive. Together with a simple application process and its broad ethical approval, BRAIN UK offers researchers easy access to most of the national archives of neurological tissues and tumours (http://www.brain-uk.org). The range of tissues available reflects the spectrum of disease in society, including many conditions not covered by disease‐specific brain banks, and also allows relatively large numbers of cases of uncommon conditions to be studied. BRAIN UK has supported 141 studies (2010–2020) that have generated 70 publications employing methodology as diverse as morphometrics, genetics, proteomics and methylomics. Tissue samples that would otherwise have been unused have supported valuable neuroscience research. The importance of this unique resource will only increase as molecular techniques applicable to human tissues continue to develop and technical advances permit large‐scale high‐throughput studies.
Inositol polyphosphates and target of rapamycin kinase signalling govern photosystem II protein phosphorylation and photosynthetic function under light stress in Chlamydomonas
Authors: Couso Inmaculada , Smythers Amanda L. , Ford Megan M. , Umen James G. , Crespo José L. , Hicks Leslie M. 
Published: September 2021

Summary

Stress and nutrient availability influence cell proliferation through complex intracellular signalling networks. In a previous study it was found that pyro‐inositol polyphosphates (InsP7 and InsP8) produced by VIP1 kinase, and target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase signalling interacted synergistically to control cell growth and lipid metabolism in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. However, the relationship between InsPs and TOR was not completely elucidated.

We used an in vivo assay for TOR activity together with global proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses to assess differences between wild‐type and vip1‐1 in the presence and absence of rapamycin.

We found that TOR signalling is more severely affected by the inhibitor rapamycin in a vip1‐1 mutant compared with wild‐type, indicating that InsP7 and InsP8 produced by VIP1 act independently but also coordinately with TOR. Additionally, among hundreds of differentially phosphorylated peptides detected, an enrichment for photosynthesis‐related proteins was observed, particularly photosystem II proteins. The significance of these results was underscored by the finding that vip1‐1 strains show multiple defects in photosynthetic physiology that were exacerbated under high light conditions.

These results suggest a novel role for inositol pyrophosphates and TOR signalling in coordinating photosystem phosphorylation patterns in Chlamydomonas cells in response to light stress and possibly other stresses.
Disentangling the trend in the warming of urban areas into global and local factors
Authors: Estrada Francisco , Perron Pierre 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLarge cities account for a significant share of national population and wealth, and exert high pressure on local and regional resources, exacerbating socioenvironmental risks. The replacement of natural landscapes with higher heat capacity materials because of urbanization and anthropogenic waste heat are some of the factors contributing to local climate change caused by the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Because of synergistic effects, local climate change can exacerbate the impacts of global warming in cities. Disentangling the contributions to warming in cities from global and local drivers can help to understand their relative importance and guide local adaptation policies. The canopy UHI intensity is commonly approximated by the difference between temperatures within cities and the surrounding areas. We present a complementary approach that applies the concept of common trends to extract the global contributions to observed warming in cities and to obtain a residual warming trend caused by local and regional factors. Once the effects of global drivers are removed, common features appear in cities’ temperatures in the eastern part of the United States. Most cities experienced higher warming than that attributable to global climate change, and some shared a period of rapid warming during urban sprawl in the mid‐20th century in the United States.