bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S100A7 promotes the development of human endometriosis by activating NF‐κB signaling pathway in endometrial stromal cells
Authors: Sun Qingqing , Cao Yijuan , Lan Yonglian , Lei Lingling , Zhang Bei , Wang Shuyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEndometriosis (EM) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting women aged between 23 and 42 years with a prevalence of 6%–10%. S100A7, a member of the S100 protein family, has been implicated in promoting inflammation. However, the role of S100A7 in EM and its underlying mechanism remain to be elucidated. S100A7 was silenced or overexpressed in primary endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Cell proliferation was determined using a Cell Counting Kit‐8. Cell cycle/apoptosis was monitored using a flow cytometer. Cell invasion was studied by a Transwell assay. Quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot analyses were used to evaluate gene expression. S100A7 and NF‐κB expression is increased in both endometriotic tissue and ESCs from women with EM. The expression of S100A7 is correlated with the expression of NF‐κB. S100A7 knockdown inhibits ESCs proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell invasion, and inflammation, but promotes cell apoptosis in an NF‐κB dependent manner. In contrast, S100A7 overexpression demonstrated an inverse effect. S100A7 is increased in both endometriotic tissue and ESCs from women with EM. S100A7 overexpression contributes to EM through increasing ESCs proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell invasion, and inflammation, and inhibiting cell apoptosis in the NF‐κB dependent manner. These findings highlight the importance of S100A7/NF‐κB signaling in EM and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for EM.
Tuning the Properties of Metal Surfaces to Make Them CO‐Tolerant and Highly Active Catalysts for Hydrogen Oxidation: A First‐Principles Approach
Authors: Campbell Tyler , Dhakal Nagendra , Alcántara Ortigoza Marisol , Stolbov Sergey 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCO poisoning hinders the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) on Pt‐based hydrogen‐fuel‐cell anodes. To be more active than Pt toward CO removal, a catalyst must satisfy seemingly contradictory conditions: to bind more strongly OH radicals and more weakly CO than Pt does. It is shown that this is possible for a surface if: a) its d‐band is located at a sufficiently lower energy than that of Pt‐this is to weaken the covalent CO‐surface bonds; b) it transfers more charge to OH; c) its work function is sufficiently lower than that of Pt‐this is to strengthen the ionic OH‐surface bonds. We show that Pd on Mo(110) and W(110) substrates meet these requirements. Indeed, our reaction free energy diagrams indicate that Pd/Mo(110) and Pd/W(110) are much more active toward CO removal than Pt. Also, our free energy calculations show that the HOR thermodynamics is more favorable for Pd/Mo(110) and Pd/W(110) than for Pt. We thus propose these materials as highly active and CO tolerant HOR catalysts.
Female extra‐pair behavior is not associated with reduced paternal care in Thorn‐tailed Rayadito
Authors: Poblete Yanina , Botero‐Delgadillo Esteban , Espíndola‐Hernández Pamela , Südel Gabriela , Vásquez Rodrigo A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExtra‐pair behavior is present in 76% of socially monogamous bird species with biparental care. This behavior may produce costs to females related to a reduction in paternal care. We estimated the percentage of extra‐pair offspring and quantified paternal care in 44 nests of Thorn‐tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda) to assess whether males reduce their parental care when females obtain extra‐pair fertilizations. We used data from a sub‐Antarctic population of Rayadito located on Navarino Island (55°4′S, 67°40′W), southern Chile. We found no statistical support for a relationship between variation in paternal care and the percentage of extra‐pair offspring. We discuss how the inability of breeding males to assess their genetic paternity and potential restrictions on behavioral flexibility may explain this result. Additionally, if paternal care is subjected to sexual selection, this could limit a facultative response to female extra‐pair behavior by males. Finally, it is possible that a reduction in paternal care might not have evolved in this particular locality given the low frequency of extra‐pair paternity in our study population.
N‐acylethanolamine‐hydrolysing acid amidase: A new potential target to treat paclitaxel‐induced neuropathy
Authors: Toma Wisam , Caillaud Martial , Patel Nipa H. , Tran Tammy H. , Donvito Giulia , Roberts Jane , Bagdas Deniz , Jackson Asti , Lichtman Aron , Gewirtz David A. , Makriyannis Alexandros , Malamas Michael S. , Imad Damaj M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough paclitaxel is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used to treat multiple types of cancer (e.g. breast, ovarian, neck and lung), it also elicits paclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN), which represents a major dose‐limiting side effect of this drug.MethodsAs the endogenously produced N‐acylethanolamine, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), reverses paclitaxel‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity in mice, the main goals of this study were to examine if paclitaxel affects levels of endogenous PEA in the spinal cord of mice and whether exogenous administration of PEA provides protection from the occurrence of paclitaxel‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity. We further examined whether inhibition of N‐acylethanolamine‐hydrolysing acid amidase (NAAA), a hydrolytic PEA enzyme, would offer protection in mouse model of PIPN.ResultsPaclitaxel reduced PEA levels in the spinal cord, suggesting that dysregulation of this lipid signalling system may contribute to PIPN. Consistent with this idea, repeated administration of PEA partially prevented the paclitaxel‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity. We next evaluated whether the selective NAAA inhibitor, AM9053, would prevent paclitaxel‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity in mice. Acute administration of AM9053 dose‐dependently reversed mechanical hypersensitivity through a PPAR‐α mechanism, whereas repeated administration of AM9053 fully prevented the development of PIPN, without any evidence of tolerance. Moreover, AM9053 produced a conditioned place preference in paclitaxel‐treated mice, but not in control mice. This pattern of findings suggests a lack of intrinsic rewarding effects, but a reduction in the pain aversiveness induced by paclitaxel. Finally, AM9053 did not alter paclitaxel‐induced cytotoxicity in lung tumour cells.ConclusionsCollectively, these studies suggest that NAAA represents a promising target to treat and prevent PIPN.SignificanceThe present study demonstrates that the chemotherapeutic paclitaxel alters PEA levels in the spinal cord, whereas repeated exogenous PEA administration moderately alleviates PIPN in mice. Additionally, targeting NAAA, PEA's hydrolysing enzyme with a selective compound AM9053 reverses and prevents the PIPN via the PPAR‐α mechanism. Overall, the data suggest that selective NAAA inhibitors denote promising future therapeutics to mitigate and prevent PIPN.
Fingerprinting triacylglycerols and aldehydes as identity and thermal stability indicators of camellia oil through chemometric comparison with olive oil
Authors: Peng Ling , Yuan Jieyao , Yao Dan , Chen Chi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCamellia oil is widely recognized as a high‐quality culinary oil in East Asia for its organoleptic and health‐promoting properties, but its chemical composition and thermal stability have not been comprehensively defined by comparisons with other oils. In this study, the triacylglycerols (TAGs) in camellia, olive, and six other edible oils were profiled by the liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS)‐based chemometric analysis. Besides observing the similarity between camellia oil and olive oil, TAG profiling showed that OOO, POO, and OOG (O: oleic acid, P: palmitic acid, and G: gadoleic acid) can jointly serve as the identity markers of camellia oil. Thermal stability of virgin camellia oil (VCO) was further evaluated by extensive comparisons with virgin olive oil (VOO) in common lipid oxidation indicators, aldehyde production, and antioxidant and pro‐oxidant contents. The results showed that p‐anisidine value (AnV) was the sensitive lipid oxidation indicator, and C9‐C11 aldehydes, including nonanal, 2‐decenal, 2,4‐decadienal, and 2‐undecenal, were the most abundant aldehydes in heated VCO and VOO. Under the frying temperature, heated VCO had lower AnV and less aldehydes than heated VOO. Interestedly, the VCO had lower levels of pro‐oxidant components, including α‐linolenic acid, free fatty acids, and transition metals, as well as lower levels of antioxidants, including α‐tocopherol and phenolics, than the VOO. Overall, great similarities and subtle differences in TAG and aldehyde profiles were observed between camellia and olive oils, and the thermal stability of camellia oil might be more dependent on the balance among its unsaturation level, pro‐oxidant, and antioxidant components than a single factor.
Deep‐features with Bayesian optimized classifiers for the breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Sannasi Chakravarthy S. R. , Rajaguru Harikumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo improve the state‐of‐the‐art works in breast cancer diagnosis, this paper proposes ensemble‐based deep‐transfer learning with classifiers namely optimizable K‐nearest neighbors, optimizable naïve Bayes, optimizable ensemble, and optimizable support vector machine algorithms for the auto‐feature extraction, detection, and severity classification of input mammograms. The hyperparameters of these classification algorithms are optimized by using the Bayesian optimization technique. The extracted robust features are normalized and then classified using the Bayesian optimized classifiers. Thus, the work throws a light of research on detecting whether the input mammogram is normal or abnormal. Afterward, it further focuses on the severity classification of abnormalities that is, benign or malignant. The aforesaid algorithms are trained and tested for the three‐class classification problem, thus achieving a maximum performance using the Bayesian optimized SVM algorithm applied with ResNet18 deep features providing classification accuracy of 99.689% for MIAS and 98.883% for INbreast dataset.
Low expression of tRF‐Pro‐CGG predicts poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Jun , Jin Lei , Gao Yuan , Gao Peng , Ma Le , Zhu Bei , Yin Xu , Sui Shizhen , Chen Shuai , Jiang Zijian , Zhu Chunfu 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackground & AimstRFs (tRNA‐derived RNA fragments) have been reported to facilitate cancer progression in multiple cancers. However, their role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains to be determined. In this study, we mainly investigated the expression of tRF‐Pro‐CGG in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and evaluated its relationship with the clinicopathology and survival time of patients.Methods37 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and 15 cases of normal pancreatic tissues were collected which were resected by surgery from January 2017 to June 2020 from the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic surgery of Changzhou second people's Hospital. The expression of tRF‐Pro‐CGG in paraffin‐embedded tissues was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The clinical data including age, sex, tumor location, tumor diameter, tumor clinical stage (TNM stage), depth of invasion, regional lymph node metastasis, serum CA199, and serum CEA were collected and analyzed retrospectively, whether the expression tRF‐Pro‐CGG was correlation with the pathological parameters and clinical outcomes of patients.ResultsThe expression level of tRF‐Pro‐CGG was significantly downregulated in PDAC and associated with an advanced TNM stage (P=0.000) and the N stage (P=0.000) of patients. More importantly, low tRF‐Pro‐CGG expression predicted poor survival in PDAC patients (P=0.003).ConclusionsTRF‐Pro‐CGG is under‐expressed in PDAC and is associated with short clinical survival and poor prognosis. tRF‐Pro‐CGG is an independent prognostic factor, which highlights its role as a potential biomarker for PDAC progression and therapy.
African American adolescent suicidal ideation and behavior: The role of racism and prevention
Authors: Robinson W. LaVome , Whipple Christopher R. , Jason Leonard A. , Flack Caleb E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSuicide is one of the most devastating, yet preventable, health disparities for African American adolescents. African American adolescent suicidal ideation and behavior may have different manifestations and risk factors relative to those of adolescents from other ethnic backgrounds that impact prevention efforts. For example, in addition to more common manifestations of suicidal ideation and behavior, African American youth may engage in violent or high‐risk behaviors, use more lethal means, or report ideation at lower depression levels. The Adapted‐Coping with Stress Course (A‐CWS), an adaptation of Gregory Clarke and colleagues' Coping with Stress Course, was developed to address the cultural nuances of African American adolescents. The A‐CWS is a 15‐session cognitive‐behavioral, group‐based preventive intervention that aims to enhance adaptive coping skills and reduce suicidal ideation, by incorporating strategies that counter stressors associated with systemic racism that burden African American adolescents. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of the A‐CWS intervention, using a sample of predominantly African American ninth‐grade students. Results indicated that the adolescents were very favorable and receptive to the A‐CWS intervention and that the intervention could be conducted feasibly. The A‐CWS intervention serves as a model to advance culturally‐grounded, evidence‐based preventive intervention, for an underserved sector of adolescents.
Amidation/non‐amidation top‐down analysis of endogenous neuropeptide Y in brain tissue by nano flow liquid chromatography orbitrap Fourier transform mass spectrometry
Authors: Yamagaki Tohru , Kimura Yuka , Yamazaki Takashi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY) is a transmitter molecule in nerve system, and it was an over 4‐kDa large peptide with the C‐terminal end amidation. NPY is biosynthesized through many maturation processes from a large pre‐pro‐peptide with peptide‐cleavages and amidation that is important to study the biosynthesis regulation. Previously, it was reported that cathepsin L participates in the production of NPY and that cathepsin L generates both of amidated and non‐amidated NPYs. However, the non‐amidated NPY (NPY‐COOH) has not been reported in brain tissues until now. In this study, endogenous NPY‐COOH in mouse brain tissue was detected and identified by using nano flow liquid chromatography (nanoLC) orbitrap Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT‐MS) after the effective purification and separation of NPY‐COOH from NPY‐amide and other peptides using two different gel‐filtration chromatography. Amidated NPY was eluted earlier than non‐amidated NPY‐COOH in the C18 reversed phase nanoLC and the silica‐based gel‐filtration chromatogram with hydrophobic interaction. The amount of endogenous NPY‐COOH was about 0.05% of the matured NPY‐amide amount in adult mouse brain.
Maternal and iatrogenic neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: Differences and similarities in recognition, management, and consequences
Authors: Isaac Lisa , van den Hoogen Nynke J. , Habib Sharifa , Trang Tuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOpioids are potent analgesics used to manage pain in both young and old, but the increased use in the pregnant population has significant individual and societal implications. Infants dependent on opioids, either through maternal or iatrogenic exposure, undergo neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), where they may experience withdrawal symptoms ranging from mild to severe. We present a detailed and original review of NOWS caused by maternal opioid exposure (mNOWS) and iatrogenic opioid intake (iNOWS). While these two entities have been assessed entirely separately, recognition and treatment of the clinical manifestations of NOWS overlap. Neonatal risk factors such as age, genetic predisposition, drug type, and clinical factors like type of opioid, cumulative dose of opioid exposure, and disease status affect the incidence of both mNOWS and iNOWS, as well as their severity. Recognition of withdrawal is dependent on clinical assessment of symptoms, and the use of clinical assessment tools designed to determine the need for pharmacotherapy. Treatment of NOWS relies on a combination of non‐pharmacological therapies and pharmacological options. Long‐term consequences of opioids and NOWS continue to generate controversy, with some evidence of anatomic brain changes, but conflicting animal and human clinical evidence of significant cognitive or behavioral impacts on school‐age children. We highlight the current knowledge on clinically relevant recognition, treatment, and consequences of NOWS, and identify new advances in clinical management of the neonate. This review brings a unique clinical perspective and critically analyzes gaps between the clinical problem and our preclinical understanding of NOWS.
Ascorbic Acid in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Kressin Christian , Pandya Komal , Woodward Barbara Magnuson , Donaldson Chris , Flannery Alexander H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAscorbic acid (AA) is an essential nutrient with many physiologic roles not limited to the prevention of scurvy. Beyond its role as a supplement, it has gained popularity in the acute care setting as an inexpensive medication for a variety of conditions. Because of limitations with absorption of oral formulations and reduced serum concentrations observed in acute illness, intravenous (IV) administration, and higher doses, may be needed to produce the desired serum concentrations for a particular indication. Following a PubMed search, we reviewed published studies relevant to AA in the acute care setting and summarized the results in a narrative review. In the acute care setting, AA may be used for improved wound healing, improved organ function in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, faster resolution of vasoplegic shock after cardiac surgery, reduction of resuscitative fluids in severe burn injury, and as an adjunctive analgesic, among other uses. Each indication differs in its level of evidence supporting exogenous administration of AA, but overall, AA was not commonly associated with adverse effects in the identified studies. Use of AA remains an active area of clinical investigation for various indications in the acute care patient population.
Utility of transoral motion‐mode ultrasonography to detect tongue fasciculation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Hagiwara Yuta , Shimizu Takahiro , Yanagisawa Toshiyuki , Akasu Yukari , Kaburagi Kei , Kikuchi Takayuki , Shibata Soichiro , Matsumoto Hirofumi , Soga Kaima , Tsuchihashi Yoko , Nagasaka Misako , Sasaki Naoshi , Maki Futaba , Shiraishi Makoto , Akiyama Hisanao , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Yamano Yoshihisa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionIncreasing evidence suggests the utility of the submandibular approach for ultrasonography to detect tongue fasciculation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We hypothesized that transoral motion‐mode ultrasonography (TOMU) would be useful to detect tongue fasciculation in patients with ALS.MethodsPatients with sporadic ALS showing clinically definite tongue fasciculation were enrolled, and the ultrasonography findings of patients' tongues on TOMU and ultrasonography by the conventional submandibular approach were analyzed.ResultsSix patients with clinically definite ALS were enrolled in this study. Although small, irregular muscle movements of 5 to 10 mm in amplitude and 0.1 to 0.2 second in duration were detected in all patients by TOMU, similar muscle movements were detected in only two of the six patients by the submandibular approach.DiscussionTOMU appeared to be useful for detecting tongue fasciculation in ALS patients. Further study is needed to better determine its role as a diagnostic tool for ALS.
Robustifying humanitarian relief systems against travel time uncertainty
Authors: Zhang Jianghua , Liu Yang , Yu Guodong , Shen Zuo‐Jun (Max) 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider a class of last mile distribution problems with multicenters and multiareas in disaster management, where the travel time for every pair of center‐area is uncertain. We propose a chance‐constrained model to handle this problem, which simultaneously determines the selection of emergency logistics centers (ELCs), the amount of relief transported to these ELCs, the allocation and routing of vehicles, and the equitable distribution of emergency materials from the ELCs to the disaster areas. We develop a distributionally robust optimization (DRO) model to reformulate the chance‐constraint model as a second‐order cone programming, which the proposed algorithm can solve efficiently. We present a case study of the Yushu earthquake in the Qinghai Province of the People's Republic of China to demonstrate the performance of our proposed model and method. The results reveal that (1) the DRO method outperforms the scenario‐based model in reducing cost and improving reliability, (2) deploying a large number of vehicles in the emergency centers near disaster areas can reduce cost, and (3) our proposed model evenly distributes vehicles on paths to curtail the rescue time.
External auditory exostoses, repetitive aquatic activity and increasing social complexity in Chalcolithic Cyprus: Specialists of the sea?
Authors: Lorentz Kirsi O. , Casa Bianca 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExternal auditory exostoses (EAEs) are dense osseous hyperostoses that protrude into the external auditory canal and are associated with repetitive aquatic activity. Clinically, the aetiology of EAEs is attributed to prolonged exposure to cold water through activities including swimming, surfing, diving, kayaking and sailing. The prevalence and distribution of EAEs within a particular archaeological context informs on human–environment interactions, activity and behavioural differences between the sexes, habitual aquatic activity (e.g., fishing, diving, swimming, bathing, seafaring, littoral zone resource procurement), marine and aquatic resource exploitation and subsistence patterns. This study aims to assess the prevalence of EAEs within a prominent Chalcolithic skeletal assemblage from Souskiou‐Laona, in southwestern Cyprus. Sixty‐five auditory canals were examined macroscopically and microscopically to confirm the presence or absence of EAEs. Five adult individuals present EAEs (right auditory canals; left ear canals not sufficiently preserved) with a prevalence of 15.1% of all sufficiently preserved right ear canals (33). EAE prevalence is 25% in males and 14.2% in females. Earlier burials on the site, represented by bonestack (commingled) crania, display EAEs at 14.8% prevalence, whereas the last burials (articulated skeletons) show a prevalence of 16.7%. Malacological evidence from Souskiou‐Laona cemetery attests marine resource procurement, including activity at the littoral zone. The EAEs at Souskiou‐Laona likely reflect the diachronic exploitation of marine resources at the south coast of Cyprus from the foundation of the cemetery to the latest burials before abandonment of the site. Both males and females participated in these repetitive aquatic activities. The differential expression of EAEs in the population as a whole, and the different prevalences between males and females, may be interpreted in the context of increasing specialisation and social complexity during the Chalcolithic, consistent with the development of other specialised, standardised and gender‐differential activities during this time period.