bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential of Azadirachta excelsa characteristics as urban trees in residential areas
Authors: Depari E K , Wijayanto N , Rafi M , Wiryono  , Siregar I Z , Karlinasari L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Residential areas have the potential to conserve economically and ecologically important local tree species. However, local species to be planted in residential areas, including business and office districts, have to meet certain criteria in accordance mainly with the significant tree functions and services. This study was aimed at investigating the potential of Kayu bawang (Azadirachta excelsa) based on the desired characteristics for urban trees. The analysis of tree characteristics was based on their morphometrics which has been conducted in two planting systems, namely monoculture and polyculture, found on the private forests in Bengkulu Province. The two planting systems of Kayu bawang were reflected in the target location (e.g., roadside, park, and yard). Variables used for assessment included total height, the diameter of breast height, clear stem height, live crown height, the diameter of the crown, live crown ratio, crown projection area, and slenderness ratio. The results showed that the tree crown architecture is classified as decurrent, while the average live crown ratio (LCR) was moderate, which had an average live crown ratio (LCR) of 51-64 %, meaning not too dense appearance. The average slenderness ratio (SR) is generally moderate, where SR of Kayu bawang in monoculture system was 76, polyculture was 54 to 81. It can be concluded that this species does not really meet the criteria as urban trees on roadside because they have moderate LCR and SR values, but they can be used to enrich parks and other sites for promoting local tree identity.
Enhancing green open spaces while conserving local genetic resources: Evaluating growth performance of five native tree species
Authors: Dwiyanti F G , Rachmat H H , Susilowati A , Siregar I Z , Yulita K S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Enhancing green open spaces in cities and their buffer areas has gained increasing recognition. While creating a more sustainable, liveable, and comfortable environment, green spaces could also provide an effort for plant domestication and conservation. We consider the potential urban greening and conservation action by planting five tree species consisting of one highly valuable and slow-growing species Eusideroxylon zwageri trees from four different origins and four fast-growing species of Duabanga moluccana, Anthocephalus macrophyllus, Duabanga grandifolia, and kayu papaya at the water reserve in suburban Ciherang-Bogor. Growth performance on mortality rate and the average height of the 4.5-year-old planted seedlings were observed to evaluate the adaptability and suitability of the species in the area. The results of mortality rate revealed that E. zwageri seedlings were ranged from 35% (from South Kalimantan) to 50% (from Jambi), while the four fast-growing species were ranged from 14% (Kayu papaya) to 83% (Duabanga moluccana) indicated that the mortality rate for the five species of seedlings planted varied. Whereas, the results of average height showed that E. zwageri seedlings were ranged from 196.15 cm (South Kalimantan) to 332.50 cm (Natuna), and four fast-growing species was ranged from 582.35 cm (Duabanga grandiflora) to 1411.10 cm (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) indicated that planting fast-growing trees in the suburban area is suitable to increase land coverage in a relatively short time, while slow-growing species are more suitable for species preservation purposes.
Assessment of urban tree condition using VTA at Urban Green Space of Mataram University Rectorate
Authors: Lestari A T , Wahyuningsih E , Syaputra M , Suparyana P K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Urban green spaces, including those in the University of Mataram, is all urban land covered by vegetation of any kind, which has aesthetic and recreation values and are important components in improving the ecosystem function. Many trees at the University of Mataram Rectorate Area have aesthetical and ecological values. These trees have not been subjected to health assessment, while various stressors may have impacted the trees in the past. There is no available previous assessment information regarding the tree’s health condition. The purpose of this study is to conduct a Visual Tree Assessment (VTA) to evaluate the 62 trees’ health condition at the Mataram University Rectorate Area. The target trees were ≥20 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) and poles (10-19 cm dbh). The assessment was carried out using the VTA method to the condition of the common defects of the tree. The results show that based on the condition of the common defects of the tree, it was found that 22% of the trees had dead trees, top, and branches; 21% had parasite or mistletoe; 19% had stem or branch decay; 13% had weak branch union; 10% had poor tree architecture; 6% had cracks; 4% had termite attack; 3% had cankers, and 2% trees had root problems. Based on the hazard category of targeted trees, 79,03% of the trees are in Low hazard conditions (sound), 19,35% were in Moderately hazardous conditions, and only 1,61% were in Highly hazardous conditions. This assessment should be continued with an in-depth investigation. Monitoring and evaluation of tree health assessment should be done at least once a year. It is very important to gather up-to-date information on health conditions in the trees. The evaluation results integrated into GIS will be used as a tree health database that can be updated continuously. This data is expected to reduce the risk of damage that can be caused by the trees.
Tree slenderness coefficient at Bali Botanic Garden
Authors: Hanum S F , Darma I D P , Atmaja M B , Oktavia G A E , Merriansyah H , Fauzi A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Standing trees has a higher risk regarding structural damage that can cause trees or parts of trees to fail. Meanwhile, Bali Botanic Garden is located in a highland area that periodically gets natural disasters such as heavy wind. However, the information on tree stability is little known. Therefore, tree stability at Bali Botanic Garden was assessed using tree slenderness coefficient (SC) as an indicator. Purposive sampling technique was adopted for locations which highly visited. A total of 624 trees with dbh>40 cm were examined as samples. Trees were classified based on their SC as high (>80), moderate (SC:70-80), low (SC<70). Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlation analysis. Tree slenderness coefficient at Bali Botanic Garden classified as low (609 specimens), medium (11 specimens), and high (4 specimens). Trees with the high category were three individuals of Bischofia javanica Blume (SC=82.76, 83.69, and 89.63) and a Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. (SC=116.13). Trees with high SC had a higher susceptibility to wind-induced damage. There was a negative correlation between SC and others tree parameters except for tree height (r=0.44). Hence appropriate silvicultural treatment like thinning is recommended to enhance better tree development and minimize tree risk.
Drone technology for identification of healing forest spot at Kampung Cisamaya Mount Ciremai National Park
Authors: Ramdan H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Reconnecting people to nature through healing activities in the forest ecosystem is important. Various studies have shown that forest ecosystems dominated by tree vegetation have positive impacts on physical and psychological health. Not all locations in the forest ecosystem are suitable for healing forests (HF), but their suitability should be identified. Land slope, vegetation density, and easiness access to the site are some physical parameters of the land which are indicators for the development of HF site. Identification of suitable HF spots can be identified using drone technology and GIS. The research objective was the use of drones equipment in identifying potential sites for HF activities. The research site was Kampung Cisamaya in Mount Ciremai National Park. The type of drone used was the Phantom 4 Pro Obsidian equipped with a 20-megapixel RGB camera. The stages of research activities were data acquisition, processing, and analyzing from drone spatial data. Vegetation density was determined through GRVI (Green-Red Vegetation Index), while drone data analyzed the slope classification by DTM (Digital Terrain Model). The accessibility to the location was analyzed through data from the spatial map of the Kuningan Regency. The results found that the use of drones was effective in evaluating the suitability spots for HF activities. From this study can be concluded that the Cisamaya area was suitable for the development of HF activities due to physical parameters of flat to gentle slopes (0-15%), having dense vegetation, as well as the easiness access by people.
Ethnobotany of spice plants in Tanjung Botung Village, Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Rambey R , Lubis A S J , Susilowati A , Rangkuti A B , Onrizal O 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is one of the largest spice-producing countries in the world. Forests in Indonesia have biodiversity that holds the potential for spices which must always be protected. Community gardens in Tanjung Botung Village in various land-use patterns such as agroforestry gardens, people’s yards are a place to grow various types of spices, both grown wild and deliberat1ely cultivated. This study aims to determine the species of spices and their uses in Tanjung Botung Village, Barumun District, North Sumatra. The research method was carried out by in-depth interviews with 20 respondents of local communities. The respondents were chosen by snowball sampling method. There are 33 species of spice plants used by the community, consisting of 13 (39.4%) tree species and 20 (60.6%) herbs. Part of plant used, namely 18 species of fruit (54%), six species of leaves (18%), three species of rhizome (9%), two species of bark (6%), two species of tubers (6%) and stem of a species (1%).
Addition of tape yeast and tempe mould in optimization of traditional coconut oils production
Authors: Yunita D , Erfiza N M , Oktarina H , Nurliana N , Alfiati D K , Heryani I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Pliek u is fermented, grated, and dried coconut meat which is used as a cooking ingredient in Aceh, Indonesia. This ingredient is a by-product of the manufacturing process of traditional coconut oils which are known as simplah and pliek u oils. These three products are produced by natural fermentation (without the addition of starter cultures) and the whole process takes up to 20 days. Therefore, this study aims to test methods for speeding up production time and for increasing the yield by adding commercial starter cultures (tape yeast, tempe mould, and combination of both types). The coconut was fermented for one to three days. A control was conducted for fermented coconut without adding any starters. This experiment was conducted using group randomised design with three replicates. The results show that the addition of commercial starters decreased the production time up to nine days. The application of a single starter shortened fermentation time to two days while the combination of the starters required three days. In terms of the yield, the use of tape yeast either on its own or in combination starters increased the yield of simplah oil more than 100%. The addition of tempe mould either on its own or in combination starters increased the yield of pliek u oil up to 60%. Conversely, the yield of pliek u was maximised without adding any starters. These findings suggested that tape yeast and tempe mould should not be added at the same time to maximize the production of both oils.
Sensory criteria assessment of fruit from Averrhoa bilimbi L. with comparison of Eckenrode and Fuzzy Eckenrode method
Authors: Agustina R , Hartuti S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The fruit candy made of processed products made from the natural fruit of Averhoa bilimbi L. whose production was abundant, recently a few to utilization. The main objective of this study was to examine the assessment of sensory criteria fruit candy from A. bilimbi with comparison of eckenrode and fuzzy eckenrode method. The results showed fruit candy contains a higher value of colour (0.239), wherein the aroma (0.169), taste (0.183), texture (0.211), and the overall acceptance (0.197) using the eckenrode method. On the other hand, based on the fuzzy eckenrode method were shown the value of colour (0.224), taste (0.187), aroma (183), texture (0.2110 and overall acceptance (0.195). Although the comparison from eckenrode and fuzzy eckenrode method appear quite stable for criterias of sensory. Finding the optimum value for an aroma in the perception of colour from fruit candy higher to eckenrode than fuzzy method. The eckenrode method provided a dynamic space in a high-level decision-making system to differ significantly. Therefore, the eckenrode method was a quite simple method to establish decisions for weighting a more definite critera in decision making in sensory assessment to develop a natural product from A. bilimbi.
Effect of drying methods on quality of dried white tumeric (Curcuma amada)
Authors: Pravitajaty R , Karyadi J N W , Teleumbauna A S , Ma’rufah K , Kusumastuti A N I , Ayuni D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
White turmeric (Curcuma amada) is a traditional medicine that contains phenolic as an antioxidant—usually processed into drinks or capsules. Currently, the drying method used is sunlight can reduce the quality of white turmeric. The study’s objectives were to investigate the most optimal drying method based on physical and chemical quality and drying rate. There were seven drying methods employed: sun-drying (SD), cabinet drying with the heating temperature of 50 °C, 60°C, and 70°C (namely CD50, CD60, and CD70, respectively), freeze-drying with the final heating temperature of 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C (namely FD30, FD40, and FD50, respectively). Quality parameters measured were moisture content, color, volume, particle density, morphological visualization, and total phenolic compound. The results showed that the drying method affected the observed parameters. The freeze-drying with a heating temperature of 30°C was the most optimal drying method, with moisture content reduced from 91.41% to 7.56%. After the drying process, the color changed value was 19.18, with a volume shrinkage of 69.37% and particle density of 0.41 g/cm3. The total phenolic compound of freeze-dried white Tumeric was 8.427 mgGAE gsolid
−1.
Environmental assessment of soil quality indices using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Devianti D , Sufardi  , Syafriandi S , Munawar A A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The main purpose of this preset study is to assess soil quality indices in form of potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) contents using a non-invasive and environmental friendly approach namely near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Soil samples were obtained from Aceh Besar district in rice field land-use. Near infrared spectral data of soil samples were acquired and recorded as absorbance in wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm. On the other hand, actual P and K were measured using standard laboratory procedures by means of Kjeldahl methods. Spectral data were corrected and pre-treated using mean centering approach and applied to all dataset. Prediction models were developed using principal component regression and validated using leverage cross validation. The results showed that both soil quality indices can be predicted with maximum correlation coefficient (r) of 0.98 and ratio prediction to deviation (RPD) index of 3.47 for P, and r of 0.91, RPD of 2.68 for K respectively. It may conclude that environmental assessment, particularly for soil quality determination can be conducted rapidly and non-invasively using near infrared spectroscopy approach.
Internet-based temperature monitoring system for hydroponic
Authors: Uddin N , Hermawan H , Darajat T M , Marwanto S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study presents a monitoring system to provide real-time measurement data of hydroponic that is accessible from anywhere through internet. Temperatures of nutrient solution and ambient air are of concern in the monitoring system. The system is developed through the following steps: design, implementation, and experimental test. The system is built by applying a NodeMCU ESP-12 as the microcontroller and two temperature sensors DS18B20 The NodeMCU ESP-12 is to collect measurement data of both temperature sensors and send the data to a cloud server through a WiFi internet communication. The Google Sheets is applied as the cloud server to store the measurement data and provide the data to users. Using the Google Sheets, the data is presented in a table as in the Microsoft Excel which is very convenience for processing and analyzing the data. Experimental test results show that the system is able to provide real-time and reliable data of the hydroponics temperatures that can be accessed from anywhere through the internet. The monitoring system has a delay about 3 to 6 seconds in presenting the measurement data. This delay is quite small compare to the temperature change period and therefore is negligible. Moreover, the monitoring system is built at cost USD 6.0 which is quite cheap.
Extraction yield, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Mimusops elengi L. fruit
Authors: Zaidiyah Z , Ghifari M G A , Abubakar Y 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mimusops elengi L. fruit or known as Bakul fruit is believed to have a lot of benefit due to its flavonoid group compound that can have antioxidant effects. This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature and ratio between material and solvent in the extraction process on the antioxidant activity and content of phenolic compounds in Mimusops elengi L. fruit extract. This research used factorial completely randomized design with 2 factors : extraction temperature (45¼C, 60¼C, and 75¼C) and ratio of the material and solvent (1:4, 1:6, and 1:8) with 3 replications. The extraction yield, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of Mimusops elengi L. fruit extract were examined. Furthermore, the application of extraction temperature in 75¼C with ratio 1:8 material to solvent (w/v) has the highest extraction yield, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity compared to others treatments.
Cropping pattern and schedule using K-Factor for optimizing irrigation networks operation in Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Syahrul  , Yasar M , Safira R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Determining the cropping pattern and schedule according to the availability and requirement of irrigation water is important in an irrigation command area. Supplying irrigation water in the Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area is still less effective in the dry season, so it is necessary to review the existing cropping pattern and schedule in the irrigation area by considering the K factor. To achieve optimal irrigation networks operation, simulation of cropping patterns and schedules based on the K factor was conducted. Optimal cropping patterns and schedules were determined by the highest frequency of the half-month K factor greater than 0.75. The best cropping pattern and schedule for Krueng Jreu Irrigation Area was rice-rice-soybean cropping pattern with first planting season started in mid-July, second planting season in mid-November and third planting season in mid-March. The results achieved the best frequency of K factor > 0.75 as many as 15 times, K factor in the range of 0.50 - 0.75 as many as 3 times, and K factor < 0.25 as many as 4 times. The application of the selected cropping pattern and schedule was done by allocating water into three groups in case of the K factor < 0.75, namely Group I (Menara and Krueng Aceh Extension secondary canal), Group II (Krueng Jreu Kiri secondary canal) and Group III (Kayee, Lamkrah, and Inong secondary canal).
Erosion and sedimentation analysis due to land use changes in the Krueng Pase watershed
Authors: Muntazar  , Joni  , Ramli I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Human interactions with watershed can have positive and negative impact. The positive impact can improve socio-economic conditions. However, the negative impact is the degradation of the watershed function. For example, it’s continued increase in erosion rate on the land. The purpose of this study is to analyze erosion and sedimentation due to land use changes using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) methods. Data collecting to determine erosion and sedimentation values are rainfall, soil erodibility and soil moisture, land use, and river water samples. The biggest decreased land use changes occurred in forest by 5.87%, followed by agriculture which decreased by 0.65% and water body 0.047%. On the other hand, built-up area increased by 0.65% and land used for agriculture increased by 6.15%. Furthermore, the level of erosion hazard in the Krueng Pase watershed from 2009 to 2019 increased in area, the mild level of erosion hazard increased by 7.9% and the moderate level erosion hazard by 27.4%. The amount of sedimentation obtained using the MUSLE method in 2019 was 6,869,98 tons and in 2009 was 41,692,97 tons. Erosion valuein 2019 is relatively small compared to other years. It’s really depends on the rainfall and the discharge that occurs. Therefore, a good land management system, proper and appropriate technology used, eco-hydrology concept and the monitoring of land use change regularly are needed, so damage that impact the Krueng Pase watershed can be prevented and minimize.
The habitat characteristics of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in the forest of Serbajadi sub-district Aceh Province
Authors: Abdullah  , Supriadi  , Syafrianti D , Khairil  , Daud A M , Zulfikar  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the habitat characteristics of the Sumatran Elephant in the Serbajadi District Forest. Data collection by looking at the use of habitat which is characterized by the distribution of faeces found in various habitat units in the home range of the Sumatran Elephant. The method used is observation with a track with a size of 3,600 m which is divided into 20 observation plots with a distance between plots of 100 m. The data obtained in the field were analyzed descriptively and presented in tabular form. The results of this study indicate that the Habitat Characteristics of the Sumatran Elephant in the Serbajadi District Forest chose habitat units with very dense canopy cover (>75%), moderate feed availability (26-50%), rare mineral source trees availability (< 3 trees/plot). availability of sparse scrubbing trees (<3 trees/plot), close to primary forest (0-500 m), low land elevation (0- 400 masl), gentle slope (0-20°), close to water sources (0-250m). Secondary forest/vegetation type and frequency of habitat use based on the findings of faeces that the Sumatran elephant most frequently visited was secondary forest than primary forest because the secondary forest was for feeding activities while the primary forest was used for resting and reproduction.