bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communication in clinical research: Uncertainty, stress, and emotional labor
Authors: Williams Jade , Kolb H. Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This exploratory study investigated perceptions of competent vs. contentious communication in the workplace as experienced by Clinical Research Professionals (CRPs) managing or coordinating clinical research. Qualitative data collected from a 90-min focus group interview were thematically analyzed using open and axial coding and constant comparison. Findings suggest CRPs associate contentious communication with uncertainty, stress, and emotional labor. Further, although many participants regularly utilize effective conflict and emotion management strategies, they lack confidence in both knowledge and efficacy of competent communication, stress management, and emotion management skills. Conclusions support revising “Wheel of Competencies” figure representing the Joint Task Force for Clinical Trial Competency framework. Study limitations and suggestions for future research and educational training are discussed.
LUCAN'S CICERO: DISMEMBERING A LEGEND
Authors: Baraz Y. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a new synthetic account of the presence of Cicero as both character and source in Lucan's Bellum Ciuile. Lucan's treatment is derived primarily from Virgil's technique for creating intertextually complex characters, but further builds on Sallust's displacement of Cicero in his narrative of the Catilinarian conspiracy and on the declamatory practice of reducing the orator to a few prominent and recognizable traits. Cicero the character, as he briefly appears at the opening of the seventh book, is not simply an ahistorical caricature: he is constructed through a careful series of allusions designed to indict his use of violence in the suppression of Catiline. Other prominent aspects of Cicero in the tradition are displaced and transferred to other characters more important to Lucan's design, Cato and Pompey. Lucan's depiction of Pompey, especially his death and decapitation, draws on the language and affect of the tradition associated with Cicero, using Cicero's own words and the obituary of Cicero in the lost historical epic of Cornelius Severus. Finally, the language of Cicero's peace-making efforts in his correspondence, suppressed in Lucan's depiction of him as a warmonger, forms an important part of the narrator's own emotional evocations of the impending catastrophe of civil war. The combination of models Lucan uses is more broadly reflective of his technique in composing a historical epic.
Word form processing at school age: Evidence for similarities between bilingual and monolingual children
Authors: Hein Karin , Kauschke Christina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to explore the lexical processing abilities of bilingual school-aged children compared to their monolingual peers. Therefore, word form processing tasks (auditory lexical decision, rapid naming, rhyming), as well as traditional vocabulary tasks (word-picture matching and picture naming), were conducted in a cross-sectional design in a sample of 163 German monolingual and 39 bilingual primary school children (6-9 years), speaking German and another language. Regression analyses revealed that age, gender, and vocabulary size, but not bilingualism have an impact on performance in word form processing tasks. Group comparisons after propensity matching on age, gender, and vocabulary size revealed no significant group differences between monolingual and bilingual children in word form processing tasks. After the sample was divided into two age groups, bilingual children showed an initial weakness at ages 6 to 7 that seems to be overcome during primary school age.
Thirty years of Epistemic Specifications
Authors: FANDINNO JORGE , FABER WOLFGANG , GELFOND MICHAEL 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe language of epistemic specifications and epistemic logic programs extends disjunctive logic programs under the stable model semantics with modal constructs called subjective literals. Using subjective literals, it is possible to check whether a regular literal is true in every or some stable models of the program, those models, in this context also called belief sets, being collected in a set called world view. This allows for representing, within the language, whether some proposition should be understood accordingly to the open or the closed world assumption. Several attempts for capturing the intuitions underlying the language by means of a formal semantics were given, resulting in a multitude of proposals that makes it difficult to understand the current state of the art. In this article, we provide an overview of the inception of the field and the knowledge representation and reasoning tasks it is suitable for. We also provide a detailed analysis of properties of proposed semantics, and an outlook of challenges to be tackled by future research in the area.
Better a war criminal or a terrorist? A comparative study of war crimes and counterterrorism legislation
Authors: Thynne Kelisiana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article poses the question as to whether and why States overlook the prosecution of people for war crimes rather than terrorist offences, where war crimes would be preferred. It looks at whether a diverse range of States (Afghanistan, Australia, Mali, the Netherlands and the Russian Federation) are able through their domestic legislation to prosecute people for war crimes or for terrorist offences. It considers what the value of prosecutions is theoretically and legally, and what the impact of prosecutions is practically in a State. It proposes that prosecutors, police and judges should ask the question whether an alleged offender should be prosecuted for war crimes and/or terrorist offences with war crimes being the preferred option where there is evidence that they have been committed.
Influence of planting date and herbicide program on Amaranthus palmeri control in dry bean
Authors: Beiermann Clint W. , Creech Cody F. , Knezevic Stevan Z. , Jhala Amit J. , Harveson Robert , Lawrence Nevin C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLate-emerging summer annual weeds are difficult to control in dry bean production fields. Dry bean is a poor competitor with weeds, due to its slow rate of growth and delayed canopy formation. Palmer amaranth is particularly difficult to control due to season-long emergence and resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. Dry bean growers rely on PPI and preemergence residual herbicides for the foundation of their weed control programs; however, postemergence herbicides are often needed for season-long weed control. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate effect of planting date and herbicide program on late-season weed control in dry bean in western Nebraska. Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 near Scottsbluff, NE. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design, with planting date and herbicide program as main-plot and subplot factors, respectively. Delayed planting was represented by a delay of 15 d after standard planting time. The treatments EPTC + ethalfluralin, EPTC + ethalfluralin followed by (fb) imazamox + bentazon, and pendimethalin + dimethenamid-P fb imazamox + bentazon, resulted in the lowest Palmer amaranth density at 3 wk after treatment and the highest dry bean yield. The imazamox + bentazon treatment provided poor Palmer amaranth control and did not consistently result in Palmer amaranth density and biomass reduction compared with the nontreated control. In 2018, the delayed planting treatment had reduced Palmer amaranth biomass with the pendimethalin + dimethenamid-P treatment, as compared with standard planting. Delaying planting did not reduce dry bean yield and had limited benefit in improving weed control in dry bean.
Machine Learning Approaches to Identifying Changes in Eruptive State Using Multi‐Parameter Datasets From the 2006 Eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Authors: Manley Grace F. , Mather Tamsin A. , Pyle David M. , Clifton David A. , Rodgers Mel , Thompson Glenn , Roman Diana C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the timing of critical changes in volcanic systems, such as the beginning and end of eruptive behavior, is a key goal of volcanic monitoring. Traditional approaches to forecasting these changes have used models motivated by the underlying physics of eruption onset, which assume that geophysical precursors will consistently display similar patterns prior to transition in volcanic state. We present a machine learning classification approach for detecting significant changes in patterns of volcanic activity, potentially signaling transitions during the onset or end of volcanic activity, which does not require a model of the physical processes underlying critical changes. We apply novelty detection, where models are trained only on data prior to eruption, to the precursory unrest at Augustine Volcano, Alaska in 2005. This approach looks promising for geophysically monitored volcanic systems which have been in repose for some time, as no eruptive data is required for model training. We compare novelty detection results with multi‐class classification, where models are trained on examples of both non‐eruptive and eruptive data. We contextualize the results of these classification models using constraints from petrological, satellite and visual observations from the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano. The transition from non‐eruptive to eruptive behavior we identify in mid‐November 2005 is in agreement with previous estimates of the initiation of dike intrusion prior to the 2006 eruption. We find that models which include multiple types of data (seismic, deformation, and gas emissions) can better distinguish between non‐eruptive and eruptive data than models formulated on single data types.
Association between family history and lung cancer risk among Chinese women in Singapore
Authors: Yin Xin , Chan Cheryl Pui Yi , Seow Adeline , Yau Wai-Ping , Seow Wei Jie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRisk factors of lung cancer unrelated to smoking are not well-studied, especially among women. Family history has been shown to play a role in predisposing individuals to lung cancer, but this relationship has not been investigated in the Southeast Asian population. A total of 1159 women were recruited in a case–control study conducted in public hospitals in Singapore from 2005 to 2008. After excluding participants with incomplete family history information, 374 cases and 785 controls remained in the final analysis. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Overall, family history of lung cancer was associated with a higher risk for lung cancer (aOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.25–3.47). When stratified by smoking status, a significant association was observed among never-smokers (aOR 2.78, 95% CI 1.57–4.90). Further stratification by fruit consumption identified a significant association between family history of lung cancer and higher risk of lung cancer among never-smokers who had low fruit consumption (aOR 3.09, 95% CI 1.37–7.01). Our findings suggest that family history of lung cancer is a significant risk factor for lung cancer in Singaporean Chinese women, especially among never-smokers.
Sensing small interaction forces through proprioception
Authors: Rashid Fazlur , Burns Devin , Song Yun Seong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the human motor control strategy during physical interaction tasks is crucial for developing future robots for physical human–robot interaction (pHRI). In physical human–human interaction (pHHI), small interaction forces are known to convey their intent between the partners for effective motor communication. The aim of this work is to investigate what affects the human’s sensitivity to the externally applied interaction forces. The hypothesis is that one way the small interaction forces are sensed is through the movement of the arm and the resulting proprioceptive signals. A pHRI setup was used to provide small interaction forces to the hand of seated participants in one of four directions, while the participants were asked to identify the direction of the push while blindfolded. The result shows that participants’ ability to correctly report the direction of the interaction force was lower with low interaction force as well as with high muscle contraction. The sensitivity to the interaction force direction increased with the radial displacement of the participant’s hand from the initial position: the further they moved the more correct their responses were. It was also observed that the estimated stiffness of the arm varies with the level of muscle contraction and robot interaction force.
Zinc-salt assisted synthesis of three-dimensional oxygen and nitrogen co-doped hierarchical micro-meso porous carbon foam for supercapacitors
Authors: Emrooz Hosein Banna Motejadded , Aghdaee Ali Akbar , Rostami Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNitrogen and oxygen co-doped hierarchical micro-mesoporous carbon foams has been synthesized by pyrolyzation treatment of a preliminary foam containing melamine and formaldehyde as nitrogen, carbon and oxygen precursors and Zn(NO3)2. 6H2O and pluronic F127 as micro-meso pores generators. Several characterizations including thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed on the prepared foams. X-ray diffraction patterns, Raman spectra and N2 adsorption–desorption results confirmed that ZnO has pronounced effect on the graphitization of the prepared carbon foam. From X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric and N2 adsorption–desorption analysis results it was confirmed that the carbothermal reaction and the elimination of ZnO and also the elimination of pluronic F127 are the main factors for the induction of porosities in the foam structure. The presence of Zn(NO3)2. 6H2O and pluronic F127 in the initial composition of the preliminary foam results in the specific surface area as high as 1176 m2.g−1 and pore volume of 0.68 cm3.g−1. X-ray photoelectron and FTIR spectroscopy analyses results approved the presence of nitrogen (about 1.9 at %) in the form of pyridinic, graphitic and nitrogen oxide and oxygen (about 7.5 at. %) functional groups on the surface of the synthesized carbon foam. Electrochemistry analysis results including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) and also electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis illustrated the formation of an electric double layer supercapacitor with the capacitance as high as 137 Fg−1.
Digital variance angiography allows about 70% decrease of DSA-related radiation exposure in lower limb X-ray angiography
Authors: Gyánó Marcell , Berczeli Márton , Csobay-Novák Csaba , Szöllősi Dávid , Óriás Viktor I. , Góg István , Kiss János P. , Veres Dániel S. , Szigeti Krisztián , Osváth Szabolcs , Pataki Ákos , Juhász Viktória , Oláh Zoltán , Sótonyi Péter , Nemes Balázs 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOur aim was to investigate whether the previously observed higher contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and better image quality of Digital Variance Angiography (DVA) - compared to Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) - can be used to reduce radiation exposure in lower limb X-ray angiography. This prospective study enrolled 30 peripheral artery disease patients (mean ± SD age 70 ± 8 years) undergoing diagnostic angiography. In all patients, both normal (1.2 µGy/frame; 100%) and low-dose (0.36 µGy/frame; 30%) protocols were used for the acquisition of images in three anatomical regions (abdominal, femoral, crural). The CNR of DSA and DVA images were calculated, and the visual quality was evaluated by seven specialists using a 5-grade Likert scale. For investigating non-inferiority, the difference of low-dose DVA and normal dose DSA scores (DVA30-DSA100) was analyzed. DVA produced two- to three-fold CNR and significantly higher visual score than DSA. DVA30 proved to be superior to DSA100 in the crural region (difference 0.25 ± 0.07, p < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in the femoral (− 0.08 ± 0.06, p = 0.435) and abdominal (− 0.10 ± 0.09, p = 0.350) regions. Our data show that DVA allows about 70% reduction of DSA-related radiation exposure in lower limb X-ray angiography, providing a potential new radiation protection tool for the patients and the medical staff.
The periprocedural and 30-day outcomes of carotid stenting in patients with carotid artery near-occlusion
Authors: Tsai Cheng-Hsuan , Chen Ying-Hsien , Lin Mao-Shin , Huang Ching-Chang , Hung Chi-Sheng , Yeh Chih-Fan , Liu Sheng-Fu , Tang Sung-Chun , Chao Chi-Chao , Kao Hsien-Li 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe safety of endovascular revascularization in patients with carotid artery near occlusion (CANO) is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the peri-procedural risk in CANO patients receiving carotid artery stenting (CAS). A prospective data base with retrospective review was performed to identify patients who underwent CAS with CANO from July 2006 to July 2020, and had at least 1-month clinical follow-up data. The primary endpoints were stroke, hyperperfusion syndrome, and death within 30 days after CAS. A total of 198 patients with carotid artery stenosis were enrolled including 92 patients with CANO and 106 age and sex-matched patients with 70–99% conventional carotid stenosis. Full distal carotid collapse was found in 45 CANO patients (45/92, 49%). The technical success rate was 100%. The CANO patients had significantly longer lesion lengths compared with those of the non-CANO group. The incidence of hyperperfusion syndrome was comparable (CANO: 2.2%, non-CANO: 0.9%, P = 0.598). The risks of ischemic stroke and death within 30 days were 1.1% and 0% in the CANO group; and 1.9% and 0.9%, in the non-CANO group, respectively, without statistical difference. In conclusion, CAS is safe for patients with CANO, with a similar low 30-day peri-procedural event rate comparable to those of non-CANO.
Edging towards an understanding of CH/CH2 on nano-diamonds
Authors: Jones A. P. 
Published: November 2021

Context. Nano-diamonds have been observed in only a handful of circumstellar regions 10–100 au from moderately bright stars (Teff ~ 8000–10 000 K). They have also been extracted from primitive meteorites; some of these are clearly pre-solar, that is to say that they formed far from the solar system and therefore traversed the interstellar medium, where they must exist but, because we see no evidence of them, must be extremely well hidden.
Aims. Our goal is to understand if it is possible to constrain the sizes and shapes of nano-diamonds in circumstellar media using the observed ratio, [CH]/[CH2], of their surface CH2 and CH infrared bands at ≃3.43 μm and ≃3.53 μm, respectively.
Methods. We calculated the CH and CH2 abundances on nano-diamonds using two approaches. The first assumes regular and semi-regular polyhedra (tetrahedra, octahedra, and cubes and their truncated forms). The second uses a diamond bonding network to derive the structures of tetrahedral and octahedral particles, and their truncated variants, and also of spherical nano-diamonds.
Results. As a function of the particle size and shape, and for the two different calculation methods, we derived the relative abundance ratio [CH]/[CH2], which can then be weighted by their laboratory-measured infrared band intensities. The two methods give good agreement and indicate that the spread in values, over the different particle forms, is more that an order of magnitude for any size.
Conclusions. We conclude that the ratio [CH]/[CH2], and their infrared band ratio, strongly depend upon particle size and shape. For a given shape or size, the ratio can vary by more than an order of magnitude. It may therefore be difficult to constrain nano-diamond sizes using the observed 3–4 μm spectra alone. James Webb Space Telescope mid-infrared spectra may help, but only if bands are size-specific.
Increased air temperature during repeated‐sprint training in hypoxia amplifies changes in muscle oxygenation without decreasing cycling performance
Authors: Dennis Myles C. , Goods Paul S.R. , Binnie Martyn J. , Girard Olivier , Wallman Karen E. , Dawson Brian , Billaut Francois , Peeling Peter 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe present study aims to investigate the acute performance and physiological responses, with specific reference to muscle oxygenation, to ambient air temperature manipulation during repeated‐sprint training in hypoxia (RSH). Thirteen male team‐sport players completed one familiarisation and three experimental sessions at a simulated altitude of ∼3000 m (FIO2 0.144). Air temperatures utilised across the three experimental sessions were: 20°C, 35°C and 40°C (all 50% relative humidity). Participants performed 3 × 5 × 10‐s maximal cycle sprints, with 20‐s passive recovery between sprints, and 5 min active recovery between sets. There were no differences between conditions for cycling peak power, mean power, and total work (p>0.05). Peak core temperature (Tc) was not different between conditions (38.11 ± 0.36°C). Vastus lateralis muscle deoxygenation during exercise and reoxygenation during recovery was of greater magnitude in 35°C and 40°C than 20°C (p<0.001 for all). There was no condition × time interaction for Tc, skin temperature, pulse oxygen saturation, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion and thermal sensation (P>0.05). Exercise‐induced increases in blood lactate concentration were higher in 35°C and 40°C than 20°C (p=0.010 and p=0.001, respectively). Integrating ambient temperatures up to 40°C into a typical RSH session had no detrimental effect on performance. Additionally, the augmented muscle oxygenation changes experienced during exercise and recovery in temperatures ≥35°C may indicate that the potency of RSH training is increased with additional heat. However, alterations to the training session may be required to generate a sufficient rise in Tc for heat training purposes.Highlights
Heat exposure (35‐40°C) did not affect mechanical performance during a typical RSH session. This indicates hot ambient temperature can be implemented during RSH, without negative consequence to training output.
Hotter ambient conditions (35‐40°C) likely result in greater muscle oxygenation changes during both exercise and recovery compared to temperate conditions.
Although hotter sessions were perceived as more difficult and more thermally challenging, they did not further elevate Tc beyond that of temperate conditions. Accordingly, if intended to be used for heat acclimation purposes, alterations to the session may be required to increase heat load.