bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levels of Heavy Metal and Trace Element Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Auda Furqan Moein , Ali Amar M , Dhyaa Shaymaa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was estimation the concentration of heavy and trace element in blood samples for autism spectrum disorder material and method: sixty patients with autism participated in the present study, all of these patients are registered in an autism center in Basrah province( Iraq). At the same time, 30 healthy children contributed in the study as a control group. The heavy levels were estimated and trace elements (chromium, zinc, selenium, copper, lead, mercury and iron) in the patient and control groups by used energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The basic principle should appear in the X-rays emitted by the different energies coming from the sample at the same time as a beam of an electron is moving its factors. Conclusion: The results showed that there was no significant difference between patients and the control group in all trace elements except zinc. On the other hand, the study showed that there was no significant change between male and female in all levels of trace elements except selenium.
Synthesis and Study Antibacterial Activity of Some New Polymers Containing Maleimide Group
Authors: Saeed Ruwaidah S. , Hussein Fatimah Ali , Awad Sana Hitur , Al-rawi Muna S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBy condensation of benzaldehyde with thiourea in absolute ethanol in the presence of glacial acetic acid as a catalyst, the Schiff base(1-benzylidenethiourea)[I] was synthesized by synthesis of 4-(3-benzylidenethioureido)-4-thioxobut-2-enoic acid compound[II] by reaction of maleic anhydride with schiff base [I] in DMF. When treating compound [II] with ammonium persulfate (NH4)2S2O8 (APS) as an ethanol initiator to obtain polymer [III], compound [III] reacted to polymer [IV] with SOCl2 in benzene. Sulfamethizole, celecoxib, salbutamol, 4-aminoantipyrine to yield polymers [V-VIII], compound [IV] reaction with different drugs. Spectral evidence established the structure of synthesized compounds: FTIR and 1HNMR, UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Elemental Analysis (C.H.N-S). These synthesized derivatives [V-VIII] were tested for their antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (G+) and Escherichia coli (G-) by agar well diffusion process, and the results showed that all polymers had a greater diameter of the growth inhibition region. This may be relative to the presence of sulfamethizole medication, maleimide group and Schiff bases, Polymer[V] demonstrated excellent inhibition against Bacillus subtilisa and E.coli.
A Novel Coated Wire Electrode And Coated Graphite Electrode for Potentiometric Determination of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride in its pharmaceutical preparations, urine and blood plasma
Authors: Ali Muthana Saeed , Khaleel Ali Ibraheem 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper uses the potentiometric method to evaluate (amitriptyline hydrochloride, AM) by creating selective electrodes for AM drugs with the active ingredient (Ammonium Reinackate, AR) using a plasticizer (Dibutyl phthalate, DBP). The results showed that for (Coated Wire Electrode (CWE)) and Coated Graphite Electrode (CGE) respectively, the Nernstian slope of the prepared Am-AR-DBP electrodes is (57.293, 58.803 mV / decade). With a pH range of (4-7) and a concentration range of 1 ?? 10 ?? Λ(-6)-1 ?? 10 ?? Λ(-1) M for both electrodes, the upper and lower limit of detection for the Am-AR-DBP CGE is 0.2042M, 4.8 ?? 10 ? Λ(-7) M, and the upper and lower limit of detection for the Am-AR-DBP CWE electrode is 0.2051M, 4.91 ?? 10Λ(-7) M, respectively. The response time ranges from 20-83 sec, 14-76 sec for CWE and CGE electrodes respectively. For the CWE electrode, the age of the electrodes is 26 days, and for the CGE electrode, 42 days. The research included calculating the selectivity with the presence of interferers of these electrodes where the K(i, j)Λpot values for all ions were less than 1. In the estimation of the drug Amitriptyline Hydrochloride in the pharmaceutical preparation (Amitriptyline tablets), the manufactured electrodes were used by following the direct process, the standard method of additions, the possible titration method and the homogeneity of the material sample, as well as the drug was estimated in urine and blood plasma with a recovery of not less than 100.57 for urine and 99.46 f for urine.
Pretreated Fishbone as Low Cost-Adsorbent for Cationic Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions: Equilibrium, Optimization, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study
Authors: Al-Kazragi Muna Abd Ul Rasool , Al-Heetimi Dhafir T.A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present study investigated the use of pretreated fish bone (PTFB) as a new surface, natural waste and low-cost adsorbent for the adsorption of Methyl green (MG, as model toxic basic dye) from aqueous solutions. The functional groups and surface morphology of the untreated fish bone (FB) and pretreated fish bone were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The effect of operating parameters including contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, temperature, and inorganic salt was evaluated. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherm models were studied and the results showed that the adsorption of basic dye followed Freundlich isotherm. Kinetic modeling of the data at different temperatures confirmed pseudo-second-order(P-2-O) model, along with calculated thermodynamic parameters depicted that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Diffusion studies suggested that intra-particle diffusion is not the singular rate-controlling factor. The results indicated that 92% of MG capable of being sequestered under optimum adsorption conditions: pH 10.64, adsorbent dose 0.1 g/L, and 60 min contact time. Finally, the results showed that the pretreated fish bone can be effectively used as a proper adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dye from aqueous solutions.
Audio source separation using supervised deep neural network
Authors: Issa Riham J. , Al-Irhaym Yusra F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The speech signals inserted in the computer may be mixed as a result of interference with signals from other sources. These signals may be speech signals or noise. One of the most famous examples of this problem when a group of people speaking in the same time is the “Cocktail Party”. This problem produces a mixture of different speech signals, called the mixed signal. To solve this problem, the audio signals that make up the mixed-signal must be restored to their sources. This task is called separating audio sources. In this paper, supervised Deep Recurrent Neural Networks with Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory (Supervised DRNN-BLSTM) were used. To achieve a monaural source separation, we build a model to separate audio signals from a monaural mixed signal. This mixed signal consists of two different audio signals (male-female). We predict two types of time-frequency masks (Ideal Ratio Mask (IRM), and Optimal Ratio Mask (ORM). They are used to achieve the separation of the target audio sources from the mixed signal. We test the model on a dataset with (500) mixed signals. Each mixed signal three seconds in length and consists of two speaker signals (Female-Male). They are recorded in a stereo format at 8192kHz, our approach achieves Signal-to-Distortion ratio (SDR) (0.183.db), Source-to-interference Ratio (SIR) (0.198.db), and Source-to-Artifacts Ratio (SAR) (0.13.db) gain using (ORM) mask compared to the existing model using (IRM) mask.
Brain Computer Interface using EEG Based Sequential Minimal Optimization algorithms
Authors: Alhade Batool Abd , Ahmed Israa Safaa , Kamil Baidaa Zahid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The concept of interfacing brains with robots/machines has been capturing human interests for a long time. The technology of the Brain-computer interface (BCI) has been aimed at building an interface between the brain and any electronic/electrical device (such as, smart home appliance, a wheelchair, and robotics devices) with the use of the electroencephalogram (EEG) that can be defined as a non-invasive approach for the measurement of the electrical potentials from the electrodes that have been placed on the scalp, produced by the activity of the brain. Over the past years, pattern classification was a highly challenging research field. Presently, the tasks of the pattern classification. In this paper, we chose motor imagery with the use of the single trial EEG signal, the SOM has been utilized to classify the signal processing algorithm ( FICA). In comparison to other algorithms of the EEG signal analyses. It has achieved a classification accuracy of up to 88.% in comparison with the other method where the reported accuracy has been 65%. The SOM classification algorithm has been fast, simple, efficient, and easy to use. It achieved satisfactory results at the BCI.
TSCO: Trust-based secure and cooperative opportunistic resource utilization networks
Authors: Al-Hasnawi Abduljaleel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An opportunistic resource utilization network (denoted as Oppnet) is a type of network that enables its node to cooperate in an opportunistic and ad hoc manner. Cooperation in oppnet includes sharing node computational resources, rather than only opportunistic communication in the traditional opportunistic networks. The key idea of oppnet is its ability to grow from seed node (initiator) to expanded oppnet via joining more nodes until getting the desired resources in a timely manner. This expansion raises the security risk of joining malicious nodes and threatens the oppnet including nodes and data. Besides, uncontrolled oppnet expansion might allow joining nodes with low computational capabilities or limited resources that have delayed responses, and hence affect the performance of oppnet. This study aims to mitigate these two problems by proposing a new oppnet paradigm (an enhanced version of original oppnet) called Trust-based Secure Cooperative Oppnet (TSCO) that utilizing a trust as a foundation for security and cooperation. Trust foundation is the major aspect of TSCO, which relies mainly on establishing trust value for each oppnet node and updating these values based on cooperation experience with those nodes. In TSCO, oppnet nodes have classified based on their trust values in which the highest trust value has the priority to join oppnet, if it exists within the specific range. Otherwise, the second-highest trust value takes priority, and so on. To test the feasibility of TSCO in realistic systems, a framework of using TSCO as an oppnet expansion control regarding security and cooperation is simulated. The experimental results show that TSCO has a better performance in terms of secure, success expansion, and cooperation. The success rate of TSCO is higher than the success rate of the original oppnet (our experimental baseline). In addition, regarding the time of satisfying oppnet tasks, TSCO shows less average latency than the baseline.
The Syriac Letters and e-Abacus Diagram II
Authors: Ali Shukriyah S , Ahmed Mohammed K , Sami Hadil H , Mahmood Ammar S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Syriac language is one of the oldest languages in the world. So far, some people speak it, for example in Iraq, Syria, southeastern Turkey and other countries. In this work, the Syriac letters were coded according to what was adopted by Sami and Mahmood in 2017 using the e-abacus diagram. More than one method is used to encode the English letters or diagrams that follow the concepts of partition theory. Each of them was taking its own path and the vision was to start with what Mohommed et al looked like in 2015 through the orbit concept. Then make the comparisons to observe the most efficient, fastest and most accurate method that could be followed.
The Transmuted Topp Leone Flexible Weibull (TTLFW) distribution with applications to reliability and lifetime data
Authors: Alobaidi Mizal H , Oguntunde Pelumi E , Khaleel Mundher A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Transmuted Topp Leone Flexible Weibull distribution was developed in this paper using the Transmuted Topp Leone family of distributions and its basic statistical properties were established. Estimation of model parameters was considered using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method and three real life applications were provided. The TTLFW distribution is a promising model as its performance relative to other compounds probability models like the Exponentiated Flexible Weibull, Weibull Flexible Weibull, Kumaraswamy Flexible Weibull, Beta Flexible Weibull, Gamma Flexible Weibull, and Exponentiated Generalized Flexible Weibull distributions is quite credible.
Estimate the Parallel System Reliability in Stress-Strength Model Based on Exponentiated Inverted Weibull Distribution
Authors: Abdulateef Eman A , Salman Abbas N , Hussein Adil Abdulkadhim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we employ the maximum likelihood estimator in addition to the shrinkage estimation procedure to estimate the system reliability (Rk) containKthparallel components in the stress-strength model, when the stress and strength are independent and non-identically random variables and they follow two parameters Exponentiated Inverted Weibull Distribution (EIWD). Comparisons among the proposed estimators were presented depend on simulation established on mean squared error (MSE) criteria.
Generalizations of Fuzzy k-ideals in a KU-algebra with Semigroup
Authors: Kareem Fatema F. , Abed Majid Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present the notion of bipolar fuzzy k-ideals with thresholds (θ, λ) of a KU-algebra with semigroup and give some basic properties of this ideal. Also, we study some relations about a bipolar fuzzy k-ideal with thresholds (θ, λ) and a k-ideal of a KU-semigroup.
Solution BBM-Burger Equation via Quartic Trigonometric B-spline Approach
Authors: Salih Hamad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the present work, the new quartic trigonometric B-spline approach based on finite difference scheme is described to solve the one dimensional non-linear equation of (Benjamin – Bona-Mahony-Burger). Dirichlet boundary with the help of applying the von-Neumann stability analysis is also used in this description. While the time derivative part is discretized by using the finite difference scheme. In the space dimension, the quartic trigonometric B-spline is also used as an interpolation function. The execution of this method which is used in the present work showed that the quartic trigonometric B-spline method is a more efficient and effective tool and gives better results according to the comparisons that are made with the precise solution for a different time and some other published numerical methods.
A New Type of Conjugate Gradient Technique for Solving Fuzzy Nonlinear Algebraic Equations
Authors: Khudhur Hisham M. , Abbo Khalil K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we suggest a new method for the numerical solution of fuzzy nonlinear equations in parametric form using a new Conjugate Gradient Technique. Table of the numerical solution is given to show the efficiency of the proposed method and which is compared with classical algorithms such as (Fletcher and Reeves (FR), Polak and Ribiere (PRP), and Fletcher (CD)) techniques.
A Geometric Construction of Surface Complete (k, r)-cap in PG (3, 7)
Authors: Abdulla Ali Ahmed A. , Yahya Nada Yassen Kasm 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to a geometric construction of Surface Complete (k, r)-cap in PG(3,7). We found that the maximum complete (k, 2)-cap which is called an ovaloid, exists in PG (3, 7) when k = 23. Moreover the complete (k, 3)-caps, (k, 4)-caps and (k, 5)-caps,(k,6)-caps, (k,7)-caps, (k,8)-caps, and we obtain a new example for theorem(2.8 ).
QⱤ and JCPI–Ɽings
Authors: Mahmood Raida D. , Mohammed Roua S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we continue studies of several other authors, on QⱤ (quasi-regular) and JCPI (JCP-injective) rings. In particular, we investigate some characterizations of several basic properties of QⱤ and JCPI rings. Also, we prove that, if Ɽ is a semisimple and quasi duo, then Ɽ is strongly regular if and only if every simple singular right Ɽ-modules are JCPI.
Two Embedded Pairs for Solve Directly Third-Order Ordinary Differential Equation by Using Runge-Kutta Type Method (RKTGD)
Authors: Fawzi Firas A. , Abdullah Zeyad M. , Hussein Nazar K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, two pairs of embedded Runge-Kutta (RK) type techniques for straightforwardly tackling third-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of the formv″′ = f(x, v, v′) signified as RKTGD strategies were proposed and explored. Relying on the order conditions, the primary pair with mathematical order 4 and 3 was called RKTGD4(3), while different has order 5 and 4, and was named RKTGD5(4). The new strategies were determined so that the higher-order techniques were exact and the lower order techniques would bring about the best error estimates. At that point, variables step-size codes were created to support the methods and utilized in solving a lot of third-order problems. Comparisons were made between mathematical results and existing embedded RK pairs within the scientific literature, that require the problems to be reduced into a system of first-order ODEs, and the effectiveness of the new RKTGD pairs have appeared.
Estimation the Shape Parameter for Power Function Distribution
Authors: Hamad Alaa M. , Selman Bareq B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the paper estimate of the shape parameter for power function distribution was proposed. For different sample sizes (small, medium, and large). Using different methods, Maximum likelihood method, Moment method, Shrinkage methods, and Least square method. mean square error (MSE) was implemented as an indicator of performance and comparisons of performance have been carried out through data analysis and computer simulation between the estimation methods according to the applied indicator. It was observed from the results that the shrinkage method (constant weight factor (sh2
)) estimates for the shape parameter are the best in performance for each case.
Parameters estimation of new mixed Weibull Rayleigh and Exponential distribution
Authors: Hussain Jassim N. , Shareef Ashraf Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A new idea of mixing was introduced in this paper. Mixing parameters; pi
where 0 ≤ pi
≤ 1 and

∑

i
=
1

n

p
i

=
1

are used to find a new distribution from mixing some distributions. Therefore, we can get many mixed distributions with several parameters. Three distributions Weibull, Rayleigh, and Exponential are mixed to get a new distribution which is more flexible than these distributions. The mixed distribution with a new parameter is representing the ratio of contribution of each of these distributions which are mixed. Several values of the mixing parameter were taken, and the properties of the mixed distribution were found. Two methods (MLE and OLS) of estimation are used to estimate the parameters of the new distribution. Simulation studies are used to prove the properties of new distribution and to apply the estimation method to estimate the parameters of new distribution.
g-Closed Soft Sets in Soft Closure Spaces
Authors: Majeed R N , Ekram S T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present work is to define a new class of closed soft sets in soft closure spaces, namely, generalized closed soft sets (gc-soft sets, for short) which are defined over an initial universe set with a fixed set of parameters. This new class is a generalization to the class of closed soft sets. A necessary condition for a gc-soft set to be a soft closed is also obtainable. Moreover, the union and intersection of two gc-soft sets are discussed. Besides, some properties of gc-soft sets in the product soft closure spaces are also studied. Also, as an application of gc-soft sets a new soft separation axiom, namely

T

1
2

-soft closure space is introduced and its basic properties are investigated.
New Methods of Computing the Conjugate of Young Diagram
Authors: Basher Fatmah Ahmed , Mahmood Ammar Seddiq 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Since the appearance of Young’s diagram, it has played a fundamental and pivotal role in many fields of mathematics, perhaps the most prominent of which is algebra, graph theory, number theory…etc, and many closely related relationships, perhaps among them The most prominent is called conjugation. Many people try to find a mathematical method to find the value of the hash value in its conjugated form. Here, we will propose two new methods for the same purpose.
A Computational Procedure Using Robust Ranking Method to Formulate and Solve Fuzzy DEA Models
Authors: Lafta Mohammed Hadi , Sulaiman Ali A. , Al-Salih Rasheed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In some real-world applications, performance assessment often has to be considered under uncertainty with fuzzy input and output. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a new and effective approach to measuring the relative efficiency of decision-making units concerned with performance evaluation. Recently, DEA has studied with fuzzy input and output. In this paper, we present a computational procedure using a robust ranking method to formulate and solve fuzzy DEA models. Based on this approach, we convert the fuzzy DEA input and output from fuzzy form to crisp. Also, a case study has been presented as in [6] to assess the performance of eight manufacturing enterprises with fuzzy data.
The Direct and Converse Theorems for Best Approximation of Algebraic Polynomial in Lp, α
(X)
Authors: Auad Alaa Adnan , Fayyadh Mohammed Hamad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The direct and inverse algebraic polynomials approximation theorems in weighted spaces of unbounded functions are proved by using modulus of smoothness. Also, we obtain sharp Jackson ( direct ) inequality of algebraic approximation of unbounded functions in terms modulus of smoothness. In addition, constructive characterization of modulus of smoothness are considered.
Sequential unconstrained approach for solving index one constrained differential-algebraic optimal control problems
Authors: Zaboon Radhi A. , Abd Ghazwa F. , Dawood Shimaa M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A constrained index-one differential algebraic optimal control problem is presented. The algebraic constraint is assumed to have an index one property. With the help of implicit function theorem, the reduced constrained optimal control problem in the state-space is then obtained. The main goal of this work is to solve the present problem by using an unconstrained sequential minimization approach. The necessary mathematical requirements, conditions and proofs are developed. Based on the obtained results, computational algorithm to solve this problem approximately is developed. Numerical illustrations of constrained differential algebraic optimal control problems are implemented. Due to the numerical results and their comparisons, an efficient approximate method is obtained.
Pseudo-Von Neumann Regular Graph of Commutative Ring
Authors: Arif Nabeel E. , Hasani Roslan , Khalel Nermen J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Let R be a commutative ring. The Von.-Neuman regular (Shortly Vn. Neum. reg.) graph of

R
_

is a graph which its vertices are all items of R s. t. thither is an edge between vertices a, b if a+b is a Vn.-Neum. reg. item of R. Here a new definition of the Vn. Neum. reg. graph of R called pseudo–Vn.–Neum. reg. graph of R denoted by P-VG(R) is a graph with all items of R represents a vertex, and two different vertices a, b ∈ R are adjacent iff a = a2b or b = b2a. In this work, the main features of P-VG(R) are studied and some outstanding results. Also, we n—3 prove if P-VG(R), R= Zn and n ≥ 3, n is a prime then it is graph has

n
−
3

2

of cycle C3. Finally, we show that If R=Zp, where p is a prime number then the PG(R) ⊂ P-VG(R).