bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of solubility of paclitaxel by applying factorial design
Authors: Baghel Pragya , Roy Amit , Verma Shekhar , Satapathy Trilochan , Bahadur Sanjib 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability of antineoplastic drugs restrict the oral route for the cancer therapy. However, specific nanotechnologies developed to address this issue. The self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) is an imperative tool in solving a lipophilic drug's low solubility and bioavailability issue. Paclitaxel (PTX) is an antineoplastic drug used to treat various kinds of cancer, especially ovarian and breast cancers. It has low aqueous solubility (0.3 μg/ml in water), resulting in poor bioavailability. This study focuses upon formulating SMEDDS incorporating PTX to increase the drug's aqueous solubility. Castor oil (Surfactant), Tween 80 (surfactant), and Transcutol (co-surfactant) were used to formulate SMEDDS. Two independent factors, concentrations of oil and surfactant, were chosen. Two dependent factors, emulsification time and in vitro drug release, were chosen. 32 factorial design analyses give a mathematical expression, which helps to study the effect of an independent factor on a dependent factor. All the nine formulations B1-B9 evaluated for globule size, zeta potential, and present drug content.

Results:
The globule size found is 127–217 nm range, which indicates the formation of the transparent microemulsion; zeta potential fields between −4.29 ± 1.1 and −33.05 ± 4.5 indicate suitable stable formulation. Nearly 63%–84% drug content suggests that the drug, incorporated into prepared SMEDDS. Statistical analysis shows that an increasing amount of surfactant decreases emulsification time; this may also reduce the average droplet size of the resultant microemulsion. With the increase in the concentration of tween 80, PTX release also increased. Rapid and more extent of PTX released from formulated SMEDDS indicate that the aqueous solubility of PTX has increased. B9 formulation is the optimized formulation based on higher per cent cumulative drug release 98% at the end of 60 min, 58% of pure PTX powder solubilized in the dissolution medium.

Conclusion:

In vitro drug release study proved that the prepared SMEDDS has acceptable properties of immediate release dosage forms. The enhanced solubility of PTX will increase its bioavailability.
Magnetic resonance imaging texture analysis of unilateral lateral pterygoid myospasm in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders: A pilot study
Authors: Li Chenxi , Liu Xu , Muhetaer Baihetinuer , Jumatai Sakendeke , Gong Zhongcheng 
Published: December 2021

Background and Purpose:
Lots of clinical observations have found that there is a close relationship between the pathological changes of lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) and temporomandibular disc displacement. On medical images, unfortunately, these occult dysfunctions of LPM could scarcely be detected by naked eyes. As the presence of intrinsic properties of the human body, textural feature is capable to effectively discover the subtle functional changes of involved tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the lateral pterygoid myospasm in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) applying magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture analysis.

Patients and Methods:
From December 2019 to October 2020, totally nine patients suffered from unilateral spasm of LPM (which is a subtype of TMD) were evaluated by MRI, who were consecutively recruited from Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital. Gray-level co-occurrence matrix method was used to analyze the textural features of MRI T2-weighted images with the maximum area of LPM scanned at axial (closed-mouth) plane. Independent samples t-test was performed to compare the relevant parameters of bilateral LPMs (healthy- and affected-side of one individual self-controlled trial).

Results:
There were no statistically significant values between the two sides of angular second moment, inversed differential moment, and entropy (P > 0.05). The contrast of the healthy-side (267.983 ± 45.952) was significantly higher than that of the affected-side (210.003 ± 29.613) (P < 0.05); and the autocorrelation of the healthy-side (4.536 ± 0.819) was significantly lower than that of the affected-side (6.563 ± 1.653) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The texture contrast and autocorrelation have certain clinical meanings of diagnosis since they could identify the altered status of LPM, and could be considered as the efficient imaging biomarkers to assess LPM changes in patients with TMD.
Discovering the Role of FZD4 Gene in Human Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Ke , Lv Qun , Li Liming , Jiang Mingjun , Fang Fang 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Frizzled 4 (FZD4) is an important receptor for Wnt proteins that stimulate several downstream signaling pathways. It has been known that the FZD4–Wnt interaction is involved in many types of cancers. However, the role of FZD4 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) has not been well studied.

Aims:
We sought to investigate the association between FZD4 expression level and tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis rates in CSCC.

Methods:
Expression of FZD4 at mRNA level in CSCC tissues and controls was measured. Colo16 cell proliferation and viability were measured by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry respectively after siRNA and plasmid transfection.

Results:
We discovered a significant downregulation of FZD4 expression in CSCC tissues and cell lines compared to controls. Furthermore, our data suggested that over expression of FZD4 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of Colo16 cells.

Conclusion:
The results indicated that FZD4 may play as a tumor suppressor gene in the pathogenesis of CSCC.
Epidemiological Study of Skin Disorders in Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Authors: Balasubramanian Pradeep , Anil Anjali J. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The study pertaining to the prevalence of diseases plays a valuable tool in the planning and implementation of health care facilities. The prevalence of skin diseases in Andaman and Nicobar islands, which is rightly called “Little India” considering the heterogeneity of the people living here, will serve as an indispensable tool.

Methodology:
The data from the outpatient records of the Dermatology Department of 2 consecutive years were collected retrospectively, the study duration being January 2017 to December 2018. The diagnoses were classified as per the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10). The quantitative variables are expressed as numbers and percentages.

Results:
Cutaneous infections namely dermatophyte infection, tinea versicolor, impetigo, scabies, molluscum, and warts were the most commonly encountered disorders. Hansen's disease was witnessed in 42 patients. Among the tribals, scabies, dermatophytosis, and pyoderma were the commonly encountered cutaneous disorders.

Conclusion:
Thus, the data presented in the present study can be extrapolated on the mainland considering the diversity of the population in the Andaman and Nicobar (A and N) Islands.
Perspective of patients referred to Yoga center in a tertiary neuropsychiatric hospital
Authors: Arasappa Rashmi , Bhargav Hemant , Ramachandra Kavitha , Varambally Shivarama , Gangadhar Bangalore N 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Yoga has been extensively used as an alternative or complementary therapy in psychiatric disorders depending on the type and severity of the disorders. However, data related to perspective on yoga services and the benefits and adverse effects attributed to yoga by patients with major psychiatric disorders is lacking.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess feedback of the patients who attended yoga sessions at a Yoga center in a tertiary neuropsychiatric hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional retrospective study using a specific questionnaire to get feedback from patients referred to the NIMHANS Integrated Center for Yoga, at the end of their yoga training.

Results:
Two hundred and one patients’ data were included in this retrospective study. Most of the patients were referred by the doctors. The yoga module for schizophrenia was most commonly utilized, followed by depression. On an average, patients attended 13 sessions. Most of them practiced yoga for 1–2 weeks and had missed less than 2 sessions. The great majority of the patients reported that practicing yoga helped them. Spearman correlation analysis revealed positive associations between improvement attributed to yoga and variables affecting quality of yoga services at the center, including the quality of yoga sessions attended. Overall health and sleep improvement also positively correlated with improvement attributed to yoga. A minority of patients reported adverse effects, although these did not lead to discontinuation.

Conclusion:
In this retrospective study of patients referred to a Yoga center in a tertiary psychiatric facility, the majority of patients with major mental disorders were able to practice yoga under supervision and reported significant improvement in symptoms with minimal adverse effects.
Social networking sites and its relation to social comparison and psychological well-being among medical university students
Authors: Ojha Kartikeya , Soohinda Geeta , Sampath Harshavardhan , Dutta Sanjiba 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Social networking sites (SNSs) have become an indispensable part of young adults in India. The content on one’s profile and that of others on social media makes social comparison easier among young adults leading to poor mental health and life dissatisfaction.

Aims:
To assess the relationship between the pattern of SNS use among young adults and depression, anxiety, and social comparison.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study among medical students done using a questionnaire consisting of pattern of SNS use and scales for social comparison, depression, and anxiety.

Results:
We collected data from 220 students (mean age 20.44 years). Impression management was associated with higher social comparison, depression, and anxiety scores. Social comparison had a significant correlation between depression and anxiety scores.

Conclusion:
A complex association exists between duration or time spent on SNS use and psychopathology.
“I might catch this infection again and this time I will not survive” – A qualitative study on lived-in experiences and coping strategies of COVID-19-positive individuals in India
Authors: Bhandari Sunidhi , Khakha Deepika Cecil , Kumar T. K. Ajesh , Verma Rohit 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The clinical picture of COVID-19 is as complex as it is psychosocial impact. The sheer subjectivity of the illness experience demands that each individual affected be heard and noticed.

Aims:
To assess lived-in experiences and coping strategies of COVID-19 positive individuals.

Settings and Design:
The study was conducted at designated COVID care center of a tertiary care hospital using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach.

Materials and Methods:
Interviews were collected from 13 COVID-19-positive individuals using an open-ended interview guide and were recorded, transcribed and further analyzed.

Statistical Analysis:
Analysis was done using Smith’s Interpretative Phenomenological Approach. Themes and sub-themes were extracted and thematic schema was developed.

Results:
A total of 10 themes and 36 sub-themes were identified. The themes extracted with context to before being diagnosed with COVID-19 positive are impact of COVID-19 and preconception about hospitalization and hospitalized individuals. The themes with relation to active COVID-19 infection are psychological reactions, behavioral responses, positive experiences, negative experiences, stigma, coping strategies, and perceived needs. The theme re-adjustment with life was identified for postrecovery from COVID-19.

Conclusions:
COVID-19-positive individuals have myriad of experiences from their transition of being positive to finally being free of infection. Their experience with the illness sheds light on the gray areas like stigma that demand immediate attention. Future policies need to be developed in accordance with the identified perceived needs to potentially guide the satisfaction and recovery of COVID-19-positive individuals.
Quality of online news reporting of suicidal behavior in Myanmar
Authors: Marthoenis  , Htay Mila Nu Nu , Arafat S. M. Yasir 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Media reporting of suicide has an essential role in the suicidal behavior of the general population.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to assess the quality of online news reports of suicidal behavior in Myanmar against the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting guidelines.

Methods:
We performed a content analysis of all available suicide-related news reports published in vernacular online newspapers of Myanmar.

Results:
A total of 285 reports were analyzed, consisting of 87.4% suicides and 12.6% nonfatal suicidal attempts. Potentially, harmful information reported in the text includes the methods of suicide (100%), the word or term in Burmese related to suicide (89.5%), the name of the person (56.5%), life event (50.5%), and photo or suicidal person (17.9%). Meanwhile, helpful information such as prevention programs and the contact information for suicide services to the readers have been infrequently reported.

Conclusion:
The study found that the newspaper reporting of suicide in Myanmar is grossly nonadherent to the WHO media guidelines.
Portrayal of mental illness in Indian newspapers
Authors: Raj Sonika , Ghosh Abhishek , Sharma Babita , Goel Sonu 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Media portrayal of mental illness may influence public stigma and service utilization.

Aim:
This study aims to explore the overall tone and content of the news articles on mental illnesses in India.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on online English and Hindi news portals for articles which made reference to mental illness, published by local and national media sources between September 2019 and August 2020. The search was performed using location and news-only filters in the “Google” search engine; we used predefined search queries and selection criteria. A previously published checklist was used for the content analysis; it was done by two independent investigators.

Results:
A total of 273 news reports met inclusion criteria (Hindi n = 164, English n = 109). Results showed that more than half (54.9%) had a positive tone. Nearly a third (30.8%) of these articles were stigmatizing in tone. Persons with mental illness were portrayed as violent, unreliable, and unpredictable. Uses of blanket terms (33.3%) such as mentally ill, mentally unstable, mentally retarded, and stigmatizing photographs (36.9%) were also common. Overall, Hindi media had a significantly better quality of reporting than the English language media. National media reports had a less negative and stigmatizing tone than local articles.

Conclusion:
There is a need for a concerted attempt to improve the quality of media reporting of mental illness in India.
Transcriptomics and sequencing analysis of gene expression profiling for major depressive disorder
Authors: Verma Pragya , Shakya Madhvi 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder characterized by constant sadness and a lack of interest in work and social interactions. Maintaining the transcriptome levels via the controlled regulation of mRNA processing and transport is essential to alleviating MDD. Various molecular phenotypes such as aberrant RNA splicing and stability are identified as critical determinants of MDD.

Aim:
This study aims to compare the mRNA expression profiles between major depressive disorder non-suicide (MDD), major depressive disorder suicide (MDD-S), and control groups using RNA-Seq.

Materials and Methods:
A transcriptomics and sequencing analysis of gene expression profiling was conducted in 9 patients with MDD, 10 patients with MDD-S, and 10 control patients.

Results:
A comparison of the sample groups revealed that the PRKACB gene was upregulated in patients with MDD. At the same time, GRM3, DLGAP1, and GRIA2 were downregulated in these patients—these genes are majorly involved in the glutamatergic pathway. Five genes (GRIA1, CAMK2D, PPP3CA, MAPK10, and PPP2R2A) of the dopaminergic pathway were downregulated in patients with the MDD-S condition when compared with the MDD and control groups. Cholinergic synapses were altered in patients with MDD when compared to the control group due to the presence of dysregulated genes (KCNQ5, PLCB4, ADCY9, CAMK2D, PIK3CA, and GNG2).

Conclusion:
The results provide a new understanding of the etiology of depression in humans and identify probable depression-associated biomarkers.
Study of screening of mental health status of coronavirus disease-19 confirmed noncritical patients admitted at a tertiary care hospital and a coronavirus disease care center in Ahmedabad
Authors: Parikh Nimesh C. , Balchandani Anisha D. , Nakum Dhruv H. , Patel Bintal S. , Bhowmick Shreyasee S. , Shah Nilima D. , Darji Vinod K. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Despite coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) being a major health crisis in the current times, only a few studies have addressed its potential direct effect on mental health, especially among COVID-19 patients.

Aims:
This study was conducted to assess the mental health of COVID-19 patients.

Materials and Methods:
In cross sectional study, mental health status of 301 symptomatic and 200 asymptomatic COVID-19 participants was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire-28.

Results:
Around 8.78% COVID-19 patients were found to be psychologically distressed that was predominantly higher among symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Risk of psychological distress was significantly higher in females, living in nuclear families and having a history of addiction.

Conclusions:
COVID-19 patients suffer from psychological distress, which needs to be addressed to cope well with this pandemic situation.
La tension est-ouest comme ressort dramatique chez deux écrivains francophones d’origine chinoise
Authors: Gacoin-Marks Florence 
Published: December 2021

Dans le présent article, nous nous proposons donc de définir en quels termes la relation « est-ouest » s’articule dans deux romans écrits par des écrivains francophones d’origine chinoise à la fin du XXe : Le Jeu de l’eau et du feu de Ya Ding (1990) et Le Dit de Tian-yi de François Cheng (1998). Dans les deux cas, l’expérience de la rencontre entre les cultures française et chinoise est un ressort entre les cultures française et chinoise est un ressort dramatique essentiel et crée dans la littérature créée en France un espace littérature spécifique, une sorte « d’entre-deux » que l’on peut considérer comme un sous-genre littéraire à part entière.
Ritual basis of the ossetian traditional dance Chepena/ Kepena (the problem of authenticity)
Authors: Салбиев Т.К. 
Published: December 2021

В статье впервые реконструируется обрядовая основа осетинского тра-
диционного танца Чепена / Кепена, описаны его семантика, происхождение и ареальные
связи. В рамках функционального подхода удается не только выявить лежащий в его
основе мифологический эсхатологический сюжет, но и соотнести руководителя этим
танцем с таким осетинским религиозно-мифологическим персонажем, как Тутыр / То-
тур.
The article puts froward the reconstructs of the ritual basis of the Ossetian traditional
dance Chepena / Kepena, its semantics, origin and areal connections are also described. Within
the framework of the functional approach, it appears possible not only to identify the mythological,
i. e. eschatological, plot underlying it, but also to correlate the leader of this dance with such a
character of Ossetian religious and mythological system as Tutyr / Totur.
BİRİNCİ DÜNYA SAVAŞI’NDA TRABZON’UN İŞGALİ VE MÜSLÜMAN MÜLTECİLERİN DURUMU
Authors: ÇAYKIRAN Güzin 
Published: December 2021

Osmanlı Devleti Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na girdiği zaman elbette müttefikleri gibi savaşı kazanma arzusundaydı. Fakat savaşın başlamasıyla birlikte bambaşka sorunlar ortaya çıkmıştı. Bunlardan biri Doğu Cephesi’nde Müslümanların göç hareketi idi. Bu göç hareketine bağlı olarak Osmanlı Devleti, Rus işgal bölgelerinden iltica eden Müslümanlara mülteci adını vermişti. Devlet, bir taraftan cephede savaşırken diğer taraftan da Müslüman mültecilerin iskân ve iaşesini organize etmeye çalışmıştı. Trabzon vilayetinden iltica eden Müslümanlar da bunlar arasındaydı. Trabzon mültecileri istikamet olarak Giresun ve Ordu kazası ile Canik sancağına iltica etmişti. Trabzon vilayetinin güneyinde meskûn olan Müslümanlar ise Sivas vilayetine yönelmişlerdi. Bunlar, iltica ettikleri yerlerde iskân edildikleri gibi başka bölgelere de göç etmişler/ettirilmişlerdi. Dolayısıyla Anadolu’nun dâhilinde birçok Trabzon mültecisine rastlanmaktaydı. Hatta Şam’a gönderilen mülteciler dahi vardı. 1917’de Çarlık Rusya’da Bolşevik İhtilali’nin başlamasıyla birlikte Rus Kafkas ordusunun Anadolu’dan çekilmesiyle hayatta kalan mülteciler de memleketlerine dönüş yapmışlardı. Fakat Rus ordusuyla birlikte hareket eden Ermeni birlikleri, memleketlerine dönüş yapan Trabzon mültecilerine bina yerine bir enkaz bırakmış ve iltica edemeyen Müslümanların birçoğunu katlederek Anadolu’dan kaçmışlardı.
Çalışmada Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na bağlı olarak Doğu Cephesi’nin Doğu Karadeniz’de Rus işgal bölgelerinden iltica eden Trabzon mültecileri ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada başta nitel ve nicel yöntem olmak üzere karşılaştırmalı yöntem kullanılmıştır. Yapılan literatür taraması sonucu muhacir ve mültecileri konu alan çeşitli çalışmalar tespit edilmiş fakat yapılan çalışmalarda Trabzon mültecilerinin münferit olarak incelenmediği fark edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla çalışmada Trabzon mültecilerinin göç istikametleri başta olmak üzere nerelere göç ettikleri, iskan edildikleri yerler ile buralardaki durumları yeni bilgi ve arşiv belgeleriyle anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Estágio Supervisionado na Formação Inicial de Professores de Matemática: limites e possibilidades
Authors: Pires Maria Auxiliadora Lisboa Moreno , Mendes Iran Abreu 
Published: December 2021

O estudo tem por objetivo discutir as demandas atuais de professores que ensinam Matemática num cenário de pandemia a partir do mapeamento na internet de pesquisas e estudos sobre a utilização de recursos tecnológicos para aulas remotas. Trata-se de um estudo do mapeamento das principais tendências apontadas por especialistas em trabalhos recentes divulgados na internet, nos media de modo geral. Para análise recorreu-se a um conjunto de lives na internet de instituições como a Sociedade Brasileira de Educação Matemática (SBEM), as de Ensino Superior, Secretarias de Educação etc. além de outras fontes como publicações atualizadas de jornais e revistas do país, documentos oficiais do Ministério de Educação e dos sindicatos de professores de alguns estados. O estudo contribuiu para a reflexão e divulgação de alternativas metodológicas para o ensino de Matemática em ambiente de aprendizagem virtual, nos tempos atuais.
Palavras chave: Estágio Supervisionado. Aulas remotas. Ambiente de Aprendizagem virtual.