bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active case finding of pulmonary TB in a European refugee camp: lessons learnt from Oinofyta hosting site in Greece
Authors: Solomos Zisimangelos , Botsi Chrisoula , Georgakopoulou Theano , Lytras Theodore , Tsiodras Sotirios , Puchner Karl Philipp 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo report on an active case finding (ACF) intervention that took place in the migrant camp of Oinofyta, Greece, upon suspicion of active TB transmission.MethodsUpon diagnosis of 3 TB cases among camp residents, an ACF intervention among contacts was implemented. All camp residents were offered two‐step screening, that is tuberculin skin testing (TST) followed by chest X‐ray in case of positive TST (defined as ≥5 mm).Results336 of 379 (89%) camp residents underwent TST testing, of whom 110 (33%) exhibited a positive skin reaction. The rate of positive TST results was particularly high in the elderly and significantly higher in adults than in children. Differences by sex or nationality were not observed. Of the 110 cases with positive TST, only 75 underwent chest X‐ray, resulting in the detection of one pulmonary TB case in an adult woman.ConclusionsIn the given intervention context, two‐step ACF proved to be operationally cumbersome, with many residents lost to follow‐up and a high Number Needed to Screen. Simpler ACF designs should be pilot‐tested in similar settings in the future, and blanket screening of all camp residents should be reconsidered. Conclusions drawn by these exercises should pave the way for adopting a comprehensive, context‐specific and evidence‐based national strategy on TB in migrants.
Moving from crisis to critical praxis: Geography in South Africa
Authors: Daya Shari 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this short commentary, I explore some recent shifts in the landscape of South African higher education, from the vantage point of my particular location within Geography at the University of Cape Town. Although those of us working in this context have experienced multiple challenges in recent years, I argue here that we could usefully re‐frame the ongoing state of crisis as a moment of opportunity in which we might both revitalise critical geographical work and engender more just cultures of academic praxis, premised on relationships of care. In particular, Geography could productively engage more directly, in both its theory and its praxis, with Southern and decolonial scholarship as well as postcolonial and feminist thought. Such a move would deepen our understanding of where we are, how we got here, and how we might build more equitable relationships. It would help us to see the world more clearly and imagine alternatives more effectively, from our diverse locations on the African continent.
Impact of the early coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on blood utilization in the United States: A time‐series analysis of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network Hemovigilance Module
Authors: Kracalik Ian , Mowla Sanjida , Katz Louis , Cumming Melissa , Sapiano Matthew R. P. , Basavaraju Sridhar V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has disrupted healthcare services worldwide. However, little has been reported regarding the impact on blood utilization. We quantified the impact of COVID‐19 on blood utilization and discards among facilities reporting to the National Healthcare Safety Network Hemovigilance Module.MethodsFacilities continuously reporting data, during January 2016–June 2020, on transfused and discarded blood components, stratified by component type (red blood cells [RBC], platelets, and plasma), were included. Interrupted time‐series analysis with generalized estimating equations, adjusting for facility surgical volume and seasonality, was used to quantify changes in blood utilization and discards relative to a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services notification delaying nonessential medical procedures (March 2020).ResultsSeventy‐two facilities included in the analyses, on average, transfused 44,548 and discarded 2,202 blood components monthly. Following the March 2020 notification and after multivariable adjustment, RBC and platelet utilization declined, −9.9% (p < .001) and −13.6% (p = .014), respectively. Discards increased for RBCs (30.2%, p = .047) and platelets (60.4%, p = .002). No statistically significant change in plasma was found. Following these abrupt changes, blood utilization and discards rebounded toward baseline with RBC utilization increasing by 5.7% (p < .001), and platelet and RBC discards decreasing −16.4% (<0.001) and −12.7 (p = .001), respectively.ConclusionFollowing notification delaying elective surgical procedures, blood utilization declined substantially while blood discards increased, resulting in substantial wastage of blood products. Ongoing and future pandemic response efforts should consider the impact of interventions on blood supply and demand to ensure blood availability.
Global supply chains, trade agreements and rules of origin
Authors: Tsirekidze David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFree Trade Agreements (FTAs) usually come with restrictions on the use of intermediate inputs in order for final goods to qualify for free trade. I focus on Rules of Origin (RoO), which limit expenses on nonmember country's intermediate inputs. In a three‐country FTA formation game, I introduce international trade in intermediate inputs and RoO restrictions. In the case of symmetric countries, I show that as countries become more involved in global supply chains, measured by their input shares in foreign final goods production, global free trade is less likely to be a stable equilibrium outcome. Free riding is the main problem preventing countries from liberalising trade. Countries are better off being nonmembers of FTAs between the other two countries relative to global free trade. Rules of Origin can solve this problem by limiting the benefits countries get from other countries' free trade agreements. In the case of asymmetric countries, an additional incentive exists for the smaller country not to join: such a country gives up more than it gains from joining an FTA for a sufficiently high degree of asymmetry in country sizes. I show that global free trade is a stable Nash equilibrium under a larger region of asymmetric country parameter space in the case of RoO than without it. Therefore, it is shown that RoO is essential in order to attain global free trade.
Examining the effect of wound cleansing on the microbiome of venous stasis ulcers
Authors: Ernlund Amanda W. , Moffatt Lauren T. , Timm Collin M. , Zudock Kristina K. , Howser Craig W. , Blount Kianna M. , Alkhalil Abdulnaser , Shupp Jeffrey W. , Karig David K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCommon treatment for venous leg wounds includes topical wound dressings with compression. At each dressing change, wounds are debrided and washed; however, the effect of the washing procedure on the wound microbiome has not been studied. We hypothesized that wound washing may alter the wound microbiome. To characterize microbiome changes with respect to wound washing, swabs from 11 patients with chronic wounds were sampled before and after washing, and patient microbiomes were characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing and culturing. Microbiomes across patient samples prior to washing were typically polymicrobial but varied in the number and type of bacterial genera present.ProteusandPseudomonaswere the dominant genera in the study. We found that washing does not consistently change microbiome diversity but does cause consistent changes in microbiome composition. Specifically, washing caused a decrease in the relative abundance of the most highly represented genera in each patient cluster. The finding that venous leg ulcer wound washing, a standard of care therapy, can induce changes in the wound microbiome is novel and could be potentially informative for future guided therapy strategies.
Electroporation-Based Therapy for Brain Tumors: A Review
Authors: Fang Zheng , Chen Lingchao , Moser Michael A. J. , Zhang Wenjun , Qin Zhiyong , Zhang Bing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElectroporation-based therapy (EBT), as a high-voltage-pulse technology has been prevalent with favorable clinical outcomes in the treatment of various solid tumors. This review paper aims to promote the clinical translation of EBT for brain tumors. First, we briefly introduced the mechanism of pore formation in a cell membrane activated by external electric fields using a single cell model. Then, we summarized and discussed the current in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, in terms of (1) the safety and effectiveness of EBT for brain tumors in animal models, and (2) the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption induced by EBT. Two therapeutic effects could be achieved in EBT for brain tumors simultaneously, i.e., the tumor ablation induced by irreversible electroporation (IRE) and transient BBB disruption induced by reversible electroporation (RE). The BBB disruption could potentially improve the uptake of antitumor drugs thereby enhancing brain tumor treatment. The challenges that hinder the application of EBT in the treatment of human brain tumors are discussed in the review paper as well.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of a Seal-Rotor System With Rub-Impact Fault
Authors: Luo Yuegang , Wang Pengfei , Jia Haifeng , Huang Fengchao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLabyrinth seals are widely used to prevent fluid leakage in high-low pressure areas of the rotating machinery. However, the rub-impact fault easily occurs in labyrinth seals. Considering the influence of gyroscopic effect, a finite element model of seal-rubbing rotor system is established in this study based on the Muszynska seal force model, the rolling bearing force model, and the nonlinear rubbing force model. The vibration characteristics under the coupling faults of airflow excitation and rub-impact are analyzed. First, the response of the system without rub-impact fault is simulated numerically and verified by experiments. Subsequently, the dynamic characteristics of the rotor under the conditions of slight and severe rub-impact faults are analyzed. Finally, the influence of the rub-impact parameters is further studied. The results indicate that when the rub-impact fault is absent, airflow excitation occurs at a certain speed, which exhibits the characteristics of frequency locking and combination frequency. The coupling dynamic responses of airflow-induced vibration and rub-impact fault show a rich spectrum of nonlinear phenomena, which are closely related to the degree of rub impact. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the detection and diagnosis of fluid-induced rub-impact fault in labyrinth seal-rotor systems.
Evaluation of the Relation Between Preload Values and Pull-Out Force of the Cortical Screw Used in Bone Fracture
Authors: Çelik Talip 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to examine the relation between pull-out strength and preload values of the cortical screw used in bone fracture fixation. The research question is that “Does the pull-out strength of the cortical screw used in the bone fracture fixation change with the preload values of the screw change?”. To perform this purpose, the finite element method was selected due to its ease to evaluate and calculate the stresses on the whole model. Models of a cortical screw, partial plate, and bone were created using the SolidWorks program. The material properties of the bone were selected orthotropic material type. The bone fixed on the distal and proximal ends. The pull-out forces were applied at the bottom of the plate. The screw that has been loaded ranges from 100 N–700 N as preload. The pull-out forces were determined 200–400–600 N as in the literature. The results show that the pull-out strength of the screw was changed when the preloaded values higher than 400 N. However, it was seen that the pull-out strength does not substantially change when the preload values were lower than 400 N. When the preload values were applied ≥500 N, the maximum von Mises stresses on the screw exceeded the critical strength of the screw material. In conclusion, the critical preload value was determined as 500 N for the optimum pull-out strength.
Design Optimization of a Novel Multifiring Clip Applicator System for Endoscopic Closure of Large Perforations
Authors: Ai Liaoyuan , Song Chengli , Mao Lin , Ge Shuchen , Pan Zhen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEndoscopic closure has become the first choice for closing iatrogenic perforations. Previously, we reported a self-developed endoscopic multifiring clip applicator (EMFCA) system. In this paper, a new EMFCA system for endoscopic closure of large perforations with a redesigned clip, the less traumatic grasper, and a highly efficient driving system was presented, and its efficacy was evaluated. The behaviors of the new clip and grasper were verified through finite element analysis (FEA). The capability of pushing transmission for the EMFCA system was identified by the proposed model and the validation experiment. Ex-vivo studies were conducted on porcine stomachs to compare the outcomes of the closures. The FEA results showed that the deformation of the clip was safe and smoother, with a maximum stress of 640.0 MPa. The less traumatic grasper could increase the grasping force and avoid trauma by exerting uniform stress along the axis. The capability of pushing transmission was enhanced by the double-nested tendon-sheath actuation system with an efficiency of 0.45–0.48. The mechanical strength, the leakage pressure, and the operating time for the closures with the new EMFCA system and the previous EMFCA system were 6.1 N ± 0.8 N, 37.1 mmHg ± 6.8 mmHg, 7.3 min ± 0.4 min and 5.1 N ± 1.0 N, 27.4 mmHg ± 6.4 mmHg, 11.4 min ±0.8 min, respectively. The new EMFCA system can realize a superior, reliable, and high-efficiency endoscopic closure of large perforations.
Air-Water Flow Properties in Hydraulic Jumps With Fully and Partially Developed Inflow Conditions
Authors: Montano Laura , Felder Stefan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Novel air–water flow measurements were conducted in fully aerated hydraulic jumps with partially and fully developed supercritical inflow conditions. Irrespective of the inflow conditions, the hydraulic jumps resembled typical flow patterns with strong aeration and instabilities, albeit hydraulic jumps with fully developed inflow conditions had a more upward directed roller motion and a larger clear water core in the second half of the roller. Hydraulic jumps with fully developed inflow conditions had comparatively larger void fractions in the first half of the jump roller and larger bubble count rates throughout, while a comparatively larger number of smaller bubble sizes suggested a stronger break-up of bubbles. This was consistent with slightly larger interfacial velocities and turbulence intensities in the first half of the jump roller with fully developed inflow conditions. An assessment of the required sampling duration for air–water flow properties indicated the requirement to sample for at least five times longer than applied in previous studies. These results highlighted the need to carefully consider the inflow conditions and sampling parameters for aerated hydraulic jumps.
The magnetic moment of $$P_{c}(4312)$$ as a $$\bar{D}\Sigma _{c}$$ molecular state
Authors: Xu Yong-Jiang , Liu Yong-Lu , Huang Ming-Qiu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we tentatively assign the $$P_{c}(4312)$$

P
c

(
4312
)

to be a $$\bar{D}\Sigma _{c}$$

D

¯

Σ
c

molecular state with quantum number $$J^{P}=\frac{1}{2}^{-}$$

J
P

=

1
2

-

, and calculate its magnetic moment using the QCD sum rule method in external weak electromagnetic field. Starting with the two-point correlation function in external electromagnetic field and expanding it in power of the electromagnetic interaction Hamiltonian, we extract the magnetic moment from the linear response to the external electromagnetic field. The numerical value of the magnetic moment of $$P_{c}(4312)$$

P
c

(
4312
)

is $$\mu _{P_{c}}=1.75^{+0.15}_{-0.11}$$

μ

P
c

=
1
.

75

-
0.11

+
0.15

.
Weyl consistency conditions from a local Wilsonian cutoff
Authors: Ellwanger Ulrich 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA local UV cutoff $$\Lambda (x)$$

Λ
(
x
)

transforming under Weyl rescalings allows to construct Weyl invariant kinetic terms for scalar fields including Wilsonian cutoff functions. First we consider scalar fields in curved space-time with local bare couplings of any canonical dimension, and anomalous dimensions which describe their dependence on the UV cutoff. The local component of the UV cutoff plays the role of an additional coupling, albeit with a trivial constant $$\beta $$
β
function. This approach allows to derive Weyl consistency conditions for the corresponding anomalous dimensions which assume the form of an exact gradient flow. For renormalizable theories the Weyl consistency conditions are initially of the form of an approximate gradient flow for the $$\beta $$
β
functions, and we derive conditions under which it becomes the form of an exact gradient flow.
Effects of temperature variations in high-sensitivity Sagnac gyroscope
Authors: Basti Andrea , Beverini Nicolò , Bosi Filippo , Carelli Giorgio , Ciampini Donatella , Di Virgilio Angela D. V. , Fuso Francesco , Giacomelli Umberto , Maccioni Enrico , Marsili Paolo , Passeggio Giuseppe , Porzio Alberto , Simonelli Andreino , Terreni Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGINGERINO is one of the most sensitive Sagnac laser-gyroscopes based on an heterolithic mechanical structure. It is a prototype for GINGER, the laser gyroscopes array proposed to reconstruct the Earth rotation vector and in this way to measure General Relativity effects. Many factors affect the final sensitivity of laser gyroscopes, in particular, when they are used in long-term measurements, slow varying environmental parameters come into play. To understand the role of different terms allows to design more effective mechanical as well as optical layouts, while a proper model of the dynamics affecting long-term (low frequency) signals would increase the effectiveness of the data analysis for improving the overall sensitivity. In this contribution, we focus our concerns on the effects of room temperature and pressure aiming at further improving mechanical design and long-term stability of the apparatus. Our data are compatible with a local orientation changes of the Gran Sasso site below $$\mu $$
μ
rad as predicted by geodetic models. This value is consistent with the requirements for GINGER and the installation of an high-sensitivity Sagnac gyroscope oriented at the maximum signal, i.e. along the Earth rotation axes.
Small Incision Combined with Nephroscope Operation in the Treatment of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis: A Single-Center Experience of 37 Patients
Authors: Song Yinghui , Li Guoguang , Zhu Hongwei , Yu Zhangtao , Jiang Bo , Peng Chuang , Liu Sulai 
Published: May 2021

Objective. To explore the safety and efficacy of small incision combined with nephroscope surgery in the treatment of infectious pancreatic necrosis. Methods. A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 37 patients with infectious pancreatic necrosis who underwent small incision combined with nephroscopy in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019. Results. All 37 patients successfully completed small incision combined nephroscope surgery. The median time from the onset to the operation of all patients was 38 days (range: 29-80 days), and the hospital stay was 19 days (range: 3-95 days). The median number of drainage tubes placed during the operation was 4 (range: 2-8). According to the different surgical approaches, 13 cases were through the retroperitoneal approach, 11 cases were through the omental sac approach, 2 cases were through the intercostal approach, and 11 cases were combined approach. The operation time was

85.3
±
31.6

min, and intraoperative bleeding was

63.1
±
40.0

ml. The incidence of complications (Clavien-Dindo grade 3 and above) was 5.4%. Among them, 2 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit due to postoperative bleeding, 1 case was cured by conservative treatment, and 1 case was cured by interventional treatment. During the follow-up period, 2 patients developed colonic fistula at 2 weeks after operation, and 2 patients developed gastric fistula at 1 week and 3 weeks after operation; all were cured by conservative treatment. Conclusion. Small incision combined with nephroscope surgery is an effective treatment for patients with infectious pancreatic necrosis by removing necrotic tissue, unobstructed drainage, and reducing complications.
Cardiac Fibroblasts Mediate a Sexually Dimorphic Fibrotic Response to β‐Adrenergic Stimulation
Authors: Peter Angela K. , Walker Cierra J. , Ceccato Tova , Trexler Christa L. , Ozeroff Christopher D. , Lugo Kimberly R. , Perry Amy R. , Anseth Kristi S. , Leinwand Leslie A. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Biological sex is an important modifier of cardiovascular disease and women generally have better outcomes compared with men. However, the contribution of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) to this sexual dimorphism is relatively unexplored.

Methods and Results
Isoproterenol (ISO) was administered to rats as a model for chronic β‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR)‐mediated cardiovascular disease. ISO‐treated males had higher mortality than females and also developed fibrosis whereas females did not. Gonadectomy did not abrogate this sex difference. To determine the cellular contribution to this phenotype, CFs were studied. CFs from both sexes had increased proliferation in vivo in response to ISO, but CFs from female hearts proliferated more than male cells. In addition, male CFs were significantly more activated to myofibroblasts by ISO. To investigate potential regulatory mechanisms for the sexually dimorphic fibrotic response, β‐AR mRNA and PKA (protein kinase A) activity were measured. In response to ISO treatment, male CFs increased expression of β1‐ and β2‐ARs, whereas expression of both receptors decreased in female CFs. Moreover, ISO‐treated male CFs had higher PKA activity relative to vehicle controls, whereas ISO did not activate PKA in female CFs.

Conclusions
Chronic in vivo β‐AR stimulation causes fibrosis in male but not female rat hearts. Male CFs are more activated than female CFs, consistent with elevated fibrosis in male rat hearts and may be caused by higher β‐AR expression and PKA activation in male CFs. Taken together, our data suggest that CFs play a substantial role in mediating sex differences observed after cardiac injury.