bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protonated Ethylene Carbonate: A Highly Resonance‐Stabilized Cation
Authors: Beck Stefanie , Jessen Christoph , Kornath Andreas J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSalts containing the monoprotonated ethylene carbonate species of were obtained by reacting it with the superacidic systems XF/MF5 (X=H, D; M=Sb, As). The salts in terms of [C3H5O3]+[SbF6]−, [C3H5O3]+[AsF6]− and [C3H4DO3]+[AsF6]− were characterized by low‐temperature infrared and Raman spectroscopy. In order to generate the diprotonated species of ethylene carbonate, an excess of Lewis acid was used. However, this only led to the formation of [C3H5O3]+[Sb2F11]−, which was characterized by a single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. Quantum chemical calculations on the B3LYP/aug‐cc‐PVTZ level of theory were carried out for the [C3H5O3]+ cation and the results were compared with the experimental data. A Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis revealed sp2 hybridization of each atom belonging to the CO3 moiety, thus containing a remarkably delocalized 6π‐electron system. The delocalization is confirmed by a 13C NMR‐spectroscopic study of [C3H5O3]+[SbF6]−.
The effects of public governance and national culture on money laundering: A structured equation modeling approach
Authors: AlQudah Anas , Bani‐Mustafa Ahmed , Nimer Khalil , Alqudah Abdullah D. , AboElsoud Mostafa E. 
Published: November 2021

In this study, we investigate the role of public governance in mediating the impact of a country's culture on money laundering. We assess whether interference in the form of public governance can reduce or offset cultural effects with respect to the risks associated with money laundering across 92 countries over a 6‐year period (2012–2017).Design/methodology/approachThis research uses structural modeling to examine the direct path between culture and money laundering, and the indirect path between culture and money laundering that passes through public governance as a mediator. We use Hofstede's cultural variables as a proxy for measuring culture, and Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGIs) to measure public governance in different countries. The Basel anti‐money laundering index is also used as a proxy for measuring money laundering risk.FindingsOur results show that public governance fully mediates the relationship between culture and money laundering. The direct path shows a significant relationship between culture and money laundering, but this relationship becomes insignificant when public governance is introduced as a mediator.Originality/valueThis study indicates that governments can reduce money‐laundering risk by paying more attention to the quality of public governance and its potential as a tool in reducing money laundering.
A novel Pinus roxburghii natural leaves fiber used as reinforcement polymer composite: As asbestos‐free brake friction material
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Grewal Jasmaninder Singh , Kumar Nitin , Kumar Sushil , Ali Sarafat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNowadays, industries are increasing the use of natural fiber in many applications due to its cheap, eco‐friendly, and better mechanical properties. Asbestos and Kevlar, which are the most popular material, have been proven toxic and harmful to the environment and the human body. It has been proven that asbestos causes cancer, mesothelioma, and affects the respiratory system of humans. Moreover, the most trending material Kevlar is also showing the same effects. So, it is necessary to find out a substitute for asbestos and Kevlar. In this direction, a novel Pinus roxburghii leaves fiber is used as a friction material to develop new brake pad materials in the hind‐type brake molding machine. The composition of Pinus roxburghii leaves fiber was taken 5%–20% in the polymer brake pad composites. All the practical work has been done in the brake pad company (Allied Nippon Ghaziabad). As a result, 5% composition has shown good mechanical, physical, chemical, tribological, and thermal results, while thermal stability and recovery was found highest for 20% composition. The shear strength, tensile strength, proof strength, and impact energy have shown good results for the 10% composition of Pinus roxburghii leaves fiber in polymer composite.
Evaluation of monomer elution, microhardness, and roughness of experimental dental composite resins prepared from Bis‐EFMA, a novel monomer system
Authors: Hatipoğlu Ömer , Turumtay Emine Akyüz , Saygın Ayşegül Göze 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the monomer elution, microhardness, and roughness of experimental resin‐based composites (RBCs) prepared from a novel monomer system derived from 9,9‐Bis[4‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene) (Bis‐EFMA), bisphenol A‐glycidyl methacrylate (Bis‐GMA), and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) with each other, also with a commercial RBC, 3 M ESPE FiltekTM Z250 (FZ). Experimental Bis‐EFMA (ET), Bis‐GMA (BT), and UDMA (UT) based composites were prepared (20% Bis‐EFMA or 20% Bis‐GMA or 20% UDMA, and 20% triethylene glycol dimethacrylate [TEGDMA], and 60% glass filler). 60 specimens were produced (n = 5) and exposed to ethanol solution for 7 days. Then specimens were tested at baseline (T0), first (T1), third (T2), and seventh (T3) days. ET and FZ released significantly lower TEGDMA than other RBCs did (p < 0.05). BT released significantly higher TEGDMA than other RBCs did at T1 (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between FZ and ET at T1 (p > 0.05). FZ exhibited the highest microhardness at all‐time points; besides, the microhardness of BT was lowest at T0, while the microhardness of BT and UT was lower than that of FZ and ET at T1, T2, and T3 (p < 0.05). BT exhibited higher roughness at T2 than the UT did at T0 and T1, significantly (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the other RBCs (p > 0.05). Bis‐EFMA, a novel bisphenol A‐free monomer system, has the potential to be used in commercial RBCs as a substitute for Bis‐GMA in terms of lower monomer elution and higher microhardness.
Toughening of epoxy by nanostructures with ABA triblock copolymers: An influence of organosilicon modification of block copolymer
Authors: Li Lei , Peng Wenjun , Liu Liyue , Zheng Sixun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, we investigated the effect of organosilicon modification of an ABA triblock copolymer on the morphologies, thermal properties, and fracture toughness of epoxy thermosets. First, a poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(butadiene) ‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) triblock copolymer was synthesized through the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone by using an α,ω‐dihydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene as the macromolecular initiator. Thereafter, the triblock was organosilicon‐modified via the hydrosilylation of its midblock (viz. polybutadiene) with pentamethyldisiloxane. It was found that the organosilicon modification resulted in a switch of the nanostructure formation mechanism from reaction‐induced microphase separation to self‐assembly. As a consequence of the organosilicon modification, the morphological structures of the thermoset were significantly changed, and thus, the materials displayed different improvement in fracture toughness. In addition, the organosilicon modification further enhanced the surface hydrophobicity of the materials.
Bilobalide molecularly imprinted polymers prepared using MWCNTs/ZIF‐67 composite as supporter for solid‐phase extraction of bilobalide from real samples
Authors: Huang Xusheng , Liu Qingsong , Zhang Wencheng , Wu Zeyu , Wang Yunchun , Li Jianwen , Xiong Baoyi , Xian Zhaojun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe preparation of raw materials is an important prerequisite for studying the function of natural active ingredients. Here, the preparation of MWCNTs/ZIF‐67@MIPs based on surface molecular imprinting technology for the separation of bilobalide (BB) from real samples was proposed. The successful preparation of MWCNTs/ZIF‐67@MIPs was demonstrated using several techniques. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved when the time was 4 h, and the rate of adsorption calculated from the dynamic adsorption results was 14.2 μg mL–1 h–1. The maximum adsorption amount for MWCNTs/ZIF‐67@MIPs of BB was calculated to be 59.2 mg g–1, which was more than three times that for MWCNTs/ZIF‐67@NIPs (23.1 mg g–1), and the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model were more suitable for the explanation of isothermal and kinetic adsorption behaviors, respectively. The results of selective adsorption indicated that MWCNTs/ZIF‐67@MIPs show excellent selectivity and specificity for BB compared to structurally similar compounds such as ginkgolides A, B and C, with an excellent imprinting factor (2.83). The results of reuse studies indicated that MWCNTs/ZIF‐67@MIPs exhibited great reproducibility with a recovery rate of 70.8% after repeated use for five times. Finally, the developed MWCNTs/ZIF‐67@MIPs were used as a solid‐phase extraction sorbent to directly separate BB from treated gingko leaf extract and crude extract of BB, and the results suggested that the purity of BB in the two samples was increased by about 30%, and the recoveries reached 68.34% and 71.54%, respectively. Meanwhile, the separation effect of MWCNTs/ZIF‐67@MIPs on BB was better than that of BBMIP prepared by bulk polymerization. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Adaptive tracking control for stochastic nonlinear systems with unknown virtual control coefficients
Authors: Zhao Yajing , Liu Cungen , Liu Xiaoping , Wang Huanqing , Zhou Yucheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article studies the adaptive tracking control problem for stochastic nonlinear systems with unknown virtual control coefficients (UVCCs) being functions of system states. Without using the Nussbaum gain technique (NGT), a new method is introduced to deal with UVCCs. The novel adaptive laws are constructed to compensate parameter uncertainties and UVCCs. Using backstepping method, an adaptive controller is designed, which can ensure that the boundedness in probability of all the signals in the closed‐loop system. In the end, a numerical simulation example and a practical example are given to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed controller.
Containment control of hybrid multi‐agent systems
Authors: Chen Yarui , Zhao Qi , Zheng Yuanshi , Zhu Yunru 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, the containment control problem is studied for hybrid multi‐agent systems (MASs), which is comprised of continuous‐time and discrete‐time dynamic agents. For first‐order hybrid MASs, two effective distributed protocols are designed when followers have continuous‐time dynamics, and one distributed protocol is designed when followers have discrete‐time dynamics. Meanwhile, for second‐order hybrid MASs, we also propose three kinds of distributed protocols to solve the containment control. By utilizing stability theory and system transformation method, some criteria are derived for solving the containment control problem of hybrid MASs. Simulation examples are provided to show the efficiency of the theoretical results.
Dynamic event‐based recursive filtering for multirate systems with integral measurements over sensor networks
Authors: Shen Yuxuan , Wang Zidong , Dong Hongli , Alsaadi Fuad E. , Liu Hongjian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the dynamic event‐based recursive filtering problem is studied for multirate systems over sensor networks. The state update rate of the plant and the sampling rate of the sensors are allowed to be different in order to reflect the multirate sampling strategy. Moreover, the phenomenon of integral measurements is considered to cater for the real engineering practice. To reduce unnecessary data transmissions, the dynamic event‐based mechanism is implemented in the communication channels among sensor nodes. The purpose of this paper is to design a distributed recursive filtering scheme such that, under the influence of the integral measurements, the multi‐rate sampling, and the dynamic event‐based mechanism, there exists a minimal upper bound on the filtering error covariance. An upper bound on the filtering error covariance is first derived by solving a matrix Riccati equation, and then minimized at each sampling instant by choosing appropriate filter gains. Comprehensive simulations are conducted on a numerical example and a practical example to show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed dynamic event‐based recursive filtering scheme.
Linking litter decomposition to soil physicochemical properties, gas transport, and land use
Authors: Fu Yuting , de Jonge Lis W. , Greve Mogens H. , Arthur Emmanuel , Moldrup Per , Norgaard Trine , Paradelo Marcos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLitter decomposition is a critical process in carbon cycling, which can be affected by land use. The relationship between litter decomposition and soil properties under different land uses remains unclear. Litter decomposition can be quantified by the Tea Bag Index (TBI), which includes a decomposition ratekand a stabilization factorS. Our objective was to investigate linkages between TBI and soil physicochemical and gas transport properties and land use. We buried three pairs of tea bags in 20 sites (covering cropland, grassland, heathland, and forest land uses) in a transect from the western to the eastern coast of the Jutland peninsula, Denmark. The tea bags were retrieved after 90 d and TBI was determined. Disturbed and undisturbed (100 cm3soil cores) samples were collected from each site. Thereafter, clay content, organic carbon (OC), bulk density (ρb), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), oxalate‐extractable phosphorus (Pox), aluminum (Alox), and iron (Feox) content, soil water content, gas diffusivity (Dp/D0), and air permeability (ka) at −10 kPa were measured. Results showed that grasslands had the highestkandSamong four land uses, and agricultural soils (croplands and grasslands) exhibited higher TBI values than seminatural soils (forest and heathland). The prediction ofSwas better than that ofkbased on multiple linear regression analysis involving soil physicochemical properties. Clay content and OC were not strong predictors. IncludingDp/D0andkaimproved the prediction ofS, and finally, the inclusion of land use enhanced the prediction of bothkandS. The different trends between two distinct land‐use groups can be attributed to pH, Pox, and ρb.
A Facile Approach for the Synthesis of SrTiO3/g‐C3N4 Photo‐catalyst and its Efficacy in Biodiesel Production
Authors: Ghani Naila , Iqbal Javed , Sadaf Sana , Bhatti Haq Nawaz , Asgher Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVisible light active photocatalysts have attracted a lot of interest due to their simple chemical workup and recyclability. In this study, the role of Strontium Titanate/graphitic Carbon Nitride composite (SrTiO3/g‐C3N4) was investigated for the pretreatment of waste frying oil (WFO) to reduce high free fatty acids (FFAs) for biodiesel production. SrTiO3/g‐C3N4 photo‐catalyst was synthesized through the facile refluxing method and its activity was also compared with simple graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4). Experimental results revealed that SrTiO3/g‐C3N4 possesses higher efficiency as compared to g‐C3N4. Photo‐catalyst was characterized through SEM‐EDX, XRD and FT‐IR. Maximum conversion of FFAs (85 %) was achieved at 1 % catalyst dose, 800 rpm stirring speed, 3 : 1 methanol to oil ratio, and 4 hours of reaction time. Esterified WFO was converted to waste frying oil methyl esters (WFOME) by using CaO‐KOH heterogeneous catalyst. The maximum yield of WFOME was obtained at 1.25 % catalyst dose, 65 °C, 600 rpm, 2 h of reaction time, and 12 : 1 methanol to oil ratio. Physicochemical analysis of WFOME revealed that it is in accord with ASTM standards.
Anti‐proliferative Activities of Thiophenes, Pyrans and PyridinesDerived from 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Alahmdi Mohammed I. , Mohareb Rafat Milad , Abdelaziz Mahmoud Mahmoud A. , Alkhamis Kholood , Abo‐Dya Nader Elmaghwry , Zidan Nahla S. , Khasim Syed , Alsharif Meshari A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the present work, the reaction of the acetoactanilide derivatives with either benzenediazonium chloride, 4‐chlorobenzenediazonium chloride, or 4‐methoxybenzenediazonium, gave arylhydrazone derivatives. Heterocyclizations of the latter compounds were carried out to afford new thiophene, pyran and pyridine derivatives. The cyctotoxicity of the synthesized compounds against the selected six cancer cell lines was determined where eleven compounds exhibited the highest inhibitions. Through out this work, the produced pyridazine derivatives were selected for evaluation against cancer cell lines categorized according to the disease and the compounds showed high inhibitions. The results obtained in this work encourage further work in the future.
Pyrenyl‐Based Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogen for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of 2,4,6‐Trinitrotoluene in Water
Authors: Hao Hongmin , Ye Zijian , Dai Hui , Liu Cong , Yi Aihua , Xu Bingjia , Shi Guang , Su Shichen , Azad Fahad , Chi Zhenguo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTrace detection of nitroaromatic explosives in aqueous solution is important for environmental pollution evaluation and terrorist prevention. Here, a new pyrenyl‐based aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) fluorochrome (CPPyV) with desirable fluorescent performance was synthesized and applied to detect 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) in water. The fluorescence of CPPyV can be selectivity and efficiently quenched by TNT. The Stern‐Volmer constant (KSV) of CPPyV for TNT was determined to be 6.2×105 M−1, with a low detection limit of 4 nM. Notably, CPPyV could be used for TNT determinations in real water samples and also developed as a fluorescent paper sensor which could efficiently detect TNT by naked‐eye when the TNT concentration was 1.0×10−8 M. The quenching process was dynamic quenching mechanism and the theoretical calculations revealed that photoin‐duced electron transfer (PET) from excited CPPyV to electron deficient TNT was the main reason for fluorescence quenching. The excellent detection performance of CPPyV yielded it a promising sensor material for actual field applications.
Molecular Recognition of Biologically Relevant Anions with an Expanded Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex: An Efficient Sensor for Oxalate Anion in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Rhaman Md Mhahabubur , Owens Harold , Powell Douglas R. , Hossain Md. Alamgir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn expanded dinuclear copper(II) complex (1) derived from a biphenyl‐based hexaazamacrocyle (L) was synthesized and characterized by single crystal X‐ray analysis, exhibiting a boat‐shaped cavity with an elongated CuII⋅⋅⋅CuII distance of 11.01 Å. The dinuclear copper(II) complex was investigated for a verity of biologically relevant anions including carboxylates (oxalate, citrate, tartrate, glutamate, adipate, acetate and benzoate), oxoanions (phosphate, sulphate, perchlorate and nitrate), and halides (fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide) by competitive fluorescence titrations via indicator displacement assay (IDA) using an external dye (Eosin Y) in water‐methanol solution at neutral pH. The receptor was shown to exhibit strong affinity for oxalate, providing the binding trend: oxalate (log K=6.07)>citrate (log K=5.74)>phosphate (log K=5.02)>tartrate (log K=4.78)>glutamate (log K=4.42)>adipate (log K=4.31)>acetate (log K=4.14)>benzoate (log K=4.01). No interaction was observed for other anions including sulphate, perchlorate, nitrate, fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide under the identical conditions.
Biosynthesized Nanosilver from Alginate Dialdehyde: An In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Resmi Rajalekshmi , Parvathy Jayasree , Saravana Ramakrishna Perumal , Raj Gijo , Joseph Roy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe superior antimicrobial properties of nanosilver (AgNP) led to its applications in healthcare and hygiene products. Herein, we report an efficient and simple green chemistry approach for the synthesis of AgNP by in‐situ reduction and capping by an eco‐friendly carbohydrate polymer, alginate dialdehyde (ADA). The UV‐Vis absorption maxima of the ADA‐capped silver nanoparticles (ADA‐AgNPs) showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 411 nm, a peak characteristic to silver nanoparticles, within 30 min of the onset of the reaction. They were spherical, had an average diameter of 18.68±2.5 nm and had face‐centered cubic structure. Its storage stability was tested up to 90 days by monitoring its zeta potential and it was found to be stable around −35.1±1.71 mV. ADA‐AgNPs exhibited good antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and excellent antibiofilm activity against S. aureus at its minimum inhibitory concentration of 34 μg/mL. ADA‐AgNPs showed good anticancer action against HCT‐116 cells too.
To be in Vogue: How mere proximity to high‐status neighbors affects aspirational pricing in the U.S. fashion industry
Authors: Kim Heeyon , Kim Bo Kyung 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearch summaryThis article examines how proximity to high‐status neighbors enables lower‐status firms to engage in aspirational pricing. While prior studies have focused on associations based on bilateral agreements, we argue that mere spatial proximity to other high‐status firms creates perceived associations, which positively affects the focal firm's aspirational pricing. Furthermore, middle‐status firms are most likely to engage in aspirational pricing because they are sufficiently similar to high‐status neighbors to expect assimilation, not contrast, effects. Our multi‐method approach based on panel data from the U.S. Vogue magazine and an experiment provides converging evidence for our arguments. Being somewhat randomly featured near the advertisements of prominent high‐status firms in Vogue positively impacts the subsequent average listed price of the focal firm's products, especially for middle‐status firms.Managerial summaryHigh‐status firms tend to form relationships with other high‐status counterparts, making it difficult for lower‐status firms to ascend the status hierarchy and access status‐based benefits. This study shows that lower‐status firms may be able to obtain status‐based benefits, namely the ability to set higher prices for their products, by merely being proximate to other high‐status firms. Our analyses using data from Vogue magazine and online experiment show that having advertisements appear proximate to those of high‐status fashion firms enables the focal firm, especially middle‐status ones, to raise the prices of their products. As advertisement locations are somewhat random in that firms do not have control over determining their adjacent ads, our study highlights that lucky locations can sometimes be beneficial to disadvantage lower‐status firms.