bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Nomogram for Death from Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Non-HIV- and HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Feng Qiuyue , Hao Jingjing , Li Ang , Tong Zhaohui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Pneumocystis pneumonia is a major cause of death in immunocompromised patients. Many risk factors for poor prognosis have been reported, but few studies have created predictive models with these variables to calculate the death rate accurately. This study created nomogram models for the precise prediction of mortality risk in non-human immunodeficiency virus (NHIV)- and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP).Methods: A retrospective study was performed over a 10-year period to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of NHIV-PJP at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital and HIV-PJP at Beijing Ditan Hospital in China from 2010 to 2019. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen out mortality risk factors to create the nomograms. Nomogram models were evaluated by using a bootstrapped concordance index, calibration plots and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results: A total of 167 NHIV-PJP patients and 193 HIV-PJP patients were included in the study. Pneumothorax, febrile days after admission, CD4+ T cells ≤100/µl and sulfa combined with caspofungin (CAS) treatment were identified as independent risk factors for death that could be combined to accurately predict mortality risk in NHIV-PJP patients. We created a nomogram for mortality by using these variables. The area under the curve was 0.865 (95% confidence interval 0.799-0.931). The nomogram had a C-index of 0.865 and was well calibrated. The independent risk factors for death in HIV-PJP patients included in the nomogram were pneumothorax, platelet (PLT) ≤80×109/L, haemoglobin (HGB) ≤90 g/L, albumin (ALB), cytomegalovirus (CMV) coinfection and sulfa combined with CAS treatment. The nomogram showed good discrimination, with a C-index of 0.904 and excellent calibration. The area under the curve was 0.910 (95% confidence interval 0.850-0.970).Conclusions: Our nomograms were useful tools for the precise prediction of mortality in NHIV-PJP and HIV-PJP patients.
Graphyne-3: A Highly Efficient Candidate for Separation of Small Gas Molecules From Gaseous Mixtures
Authors: Azizi Khatereh , Allaei S. Mehdi Vaez , Fathizadeh Arman , Sadeghi Ali , Sahimi Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional nanosheets, such as the general family of graphenes have attracted considerable attention over the past decade, due to their excellent thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. We report on the result of a study of separation of gaseous mixtures by a model graphyne-3 membrane, using extensive molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory. Four binary and one ternary mixtures of H2, CO2, CH4 and C2H6 were studied. Theresults indicate the excellence of graphyne-3 for separation of small gas molecules from the mixtures. In particular, the H2 permeance through the membrane is on the order of 107 gas permeation unit, by far much larger than those in other membranes, and in particular in graphene. To gain deeper insights into the phenomenon, we also computed the density profiles and the residence times of the gases near the graphyne-3 surface, as well as their interaction energies with the membrane. The results indicate clearly the tendency of H2 to pass through the membrane at high rates, leaving behind C2H6 and larger molecules on the surface. In addition, the possibility of chemisorption is clearly ruled out. These results, together with the very good mechanical properties of graphyne-3, confirm that it is an excellent candidate for separating small gas molecules from gaseous mixtures, hence opening the way for its industrial use.
Continuous Multidimensional Assessment System of Medical Residents in Teaching Hospitals
Authors: yousefi mehdi , ebrahimi zahra , vakilzadeh ali khorsand , fazaeli somayeh , ariafar atousa , tayyebi mohammad , mashhadi leila 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
One of the most important principles in education, especially in clinical fields, is the evaluation of learners. Proper and continuous assessment can be used to provide appropriate feedback to students about their strengths and weaknesses. In this regard, the study aimed to design a system of continuous assessment of medical residents (SCMAR).
Methods
This study was performed using a combination of qualitative methods, including focus group discussion sessions and expert group meetings. The study population consisted of all the stakeholders involved in the learner evaluation process in Imam Reza Hospital Complex (IRHC) in Iran. This study was conducted in four steps, including identification of sub-axes and indicators through focus group discussions, review and approval of axes, sub-axes, and indicators in expert group meetings, model design by the research management team, and finally, agreement on sub-axes and indicators. Data analysis was performed during the agreement review stage in Excel software (2016 version).
Results
The finalized SCMAR consists of 10 main axes and 35 sub-axes. The axes include objectives, evaluators, areas and indicators of evaluation, evaluation periods, evaluation requirements, data collection, data sources, point assignment and data analysis methods, reporting, and feedback dissemination methods. Regarding areas and indicators of evaluation, 5 areas and 11 indicators were proposed.
Conclusion
A comprehensive evaluation system that continuously reviews the performance and professional behavior of learners can be used as a stimulus to improve the quality of delivered service and educational processes. The present study aimed to address this need by designing a framework.
Patients With Several Clinical Presentations By SARS-CoV2 Showed A Dramatic Decrease Of Antibodies.
Authors: Mattar Salim , Serrano-Coll Héctor , Garcia-Posada Mara , Gastelbondo Bertha , Humanez-Moreno Katherine , Garay Evelin , González Karen , Berrocal José , Arrieta German , Miranda Jorge 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
There are many doubts about the SARS-CoV-2 immune response's length, and it is unknown whether those patients may exhibit different kinetics in the secretion of IgG anti-SARS-CoV2 according to the severity of their infection. This research aimed to evaluate IgG antibodies' kinetics and persistence against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in a group of COVID-19 patients with different clinical disease presentations in the Colombian Caribbean region. Two blood samples were taken. The first one was at the first surge in August 2020; the second was six months later, February 2021. The study showed a decrease of 61.1% in their median of IgG antibodies after six months (P > 0.0001). According to the clinical form of COVD-19, the patients that required hospitalization (moderate or severe) COVD-19 showed a lower secretion of IgG against SARS-CoV2 and a higher negative seroconversion for IgG 69.2% in the second serological evaluation (P < 0.05). Thus, the drop of antibodies-SARS-CoV-2 is typical in all the clinical forms of COVID-19. It is worrisome in patients with moderate or severe clinical forms. The evaluation of natural immunity is mandatory to define the vaccination strategy mainly in patients that suffered complicated forms of COVID-19.
Effects Of SMILE-Derived Decellularized Lenticule As An Adhesion Barrier In A Rabbit Model of Glaucoma Filtration Surgery
Authors: Yin Houfa , Chen Xinyi , Hong Xiaogang , Ma Jian , Wu Fang , Wan Ting , Sang Yiwen , Fu Qiuli , Qin Zhenwei , Lyu Danni , Wu Wei , Yin Jinfu , Yang Yabo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the effects of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE)-derived decellularized lenticule on intraocular pressure (IOP) and conjunctival scarring in a rabbit model of glaucoma filtration surgery. Methods: Trabeculectomy was performed on both eyes of New Zealand rabbits. Decellularized lenticule was placed in the subconjunctival space in one eye of the rabbits (decellularized lenticule group), and no adjunctive treatment was performed in the fellow eye (control group). The filtering bleb features and IOP were evaluated 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after surgery, and histopathologic examination was performed 28 days after surgery. Results: Decellularized lenticule significantly increased bleb survival and decreased IOP postoperatively in the rabbit model with no adverse side effects. Histopathologic results showed a larger subconjunctival space and less subconjunctival fibrosis in the decellularized lenticule group. Conclusions: Decellularized lenticule can prevent postoperative conjunctiva-sclera adhesion and fibrosis, and it may represent a novel antifibrotic agent for trabeculectomy.
Comparison of Radiographic And Clinical Outcomes Observed After Adult Spinal Deformity Correction Using Iliac Screw Versus S2-Alar-Iliac Screw
Authors: Luo Qiang , Kim Yong-Chan , Kim Ki-Tack , Ha Kee-Yong , Ahn Joonghyun , Kim Sung-Min , Kim Min-Gyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: To date, there is a paucity of reports clarifying the change of spinopelvic parameters in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) who underwent long segment spinal fusion using iliac screw (IS) and S2-alar-iliac screw (S2AI) fixation.Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive patients underwent deformity correction surgery for ASD between 2013 and 2017 was performed. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether IS or S2AI fixation was performed. All radiographic parameters were measured preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and the last follow-up. Demographics, intraoperative and clinical data were analyzed between the two groups. Additionally, the cohort was subdivided according to the postoperative change in pelvic incidence (PI): subgroup (C) was defined as change in PI ≥5° and subgroup (NC) with change <5°. In subgroup analyses, the 2 different types of postoperative change of PI were directly compared.Results: A total of 142 patients met inclusion criteria: 111 who received IS and 31 received S2AI fixation. The IS group (65.6 ± 26, 39.8 ± 13.8) showed a significantly higher change in lumbar lordosis (LL) and upper lumbar lordosis (ULL) than the S2AI group (54.4 ± 17.9, 30.3 ± 9.9) (p<0.05). In subgroup (C), PI significantly increased from 53° preoperatively to 59° postoperatively at least 50% of IS cohort, with a mean change of 5.8° (p<0.05). The clinical outcomes at the last follow-up were significantly better in IS group than in S2AI group in terms of VAS scores for back and leg. The occurrence of sacroiliac joint pain and pelvic screw fracture were significantly greater in S2AI group than in IS group (25.8% vs 9%, p<0.05) and (16.1% vs 3.6%, p<0.05).Conclusions: IS fixation showed a greater change in LL and ULL than S2AI fixation in ASD surgery. PI may be changed under certain circumstances.
Epicardial Delivery of Cardiosphere Derived Cells or Their Extracellular Vesicles in a Relevant Infarcted Swine Model: Safe, Easy but of Limited Effectiveness.
Authors: Crisostomo Verónica , Baez-Diaz Claudia , Blanco-Blazquez Virginia , Alvarez Verónica , Lopez-Nieto Esther , Maestre Juan , Bayes-Genis Antoni , Galvez-Monton Carolina , Casado Javier G , Sanchez-Margallo Francisco M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The epicardial administration of therapeutics via the pericardial sac offers an attractive route, since it is minimally invasive and carries no risks of coronary embolization. The aim of this study was to assess viability, safety and effectiveness of Cardiosphere-Derived Cells (CDCs), their extracellular vesicles (EVs) or placebo administered via a mini-thoracotomy 72h after experimental infarction in swine. The epicardial administration was completed successfully in all cases in a surgery time (knife-to-skin) below 30 minutes. No significant differences between groups were found in cardiac function parameters evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging before therapy and at the end of the study, despite a trend towards improved function in CDC-treated animals. Moreover, infarct size at 10 weeks was smaller in treated animals, albeit not significantly. Arrhythmia inducibility did not differ between groups. Pathological examination showed no differences, nor were there any pericardial adhesions evidenced in any case 10 weeks after surgery. These results show that the epicardial delivery of CDCs or their EVs is safe and technically easy 3 days after experimental myocardial infarction in swine, but it does not appear to have any beneficial effect on cardiac function. Our results do not support clinical translation of these therapies as implemented in this work.
Cumulative Incidences of Lung Cancer in Various Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Suzuki Takafumi , Sakashita Hiroyuki , Akiyama Masako , Honda Takayuki , Ejima Masaru , Ishizuka Masahiro , Okamoto Tsukasa , Miyazaki Yasunari 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients often develop lung cancer. However, previous studies on the incidences of lung cancer in ILD patients focused on specific aetiologies, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The lung cancer incidences in these patients have not been investigated, and thus, we aimed to evaluate them here.
Methods

ILD patients at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The cumulative incidences of lung cancer in patients with various ILDs were estimated with Kaplan-Meier curves and compared between ILD groups using log-rank tests. The association between several variables at initial diagnosis and lung cancer development was assessed with Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to identify predictors.
Results

In all, 606 ILD patients, including 161 with IPF, 133 with non-IPF idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, 160 with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 87 with connective tissue disease-related ILDs, 19 with pulmonary sarcoidosis, and 46 with other ILDs, were included. Twenty-eight patients developed lung cancer. The cumulative incidences of lung cancer at 1, 3, and 5 years were: 1.9, 5.7, and 12.3% with IPF, respectively; 0.8, 0.8, and 4.0% in non-IPF idiopathic interstitial pneumonias; 2.0, 4.6, and 11.0% in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis; and 1.1, 1.1, and 2.9% in connective tissue disease-related ILDs. IPF patients had a higher incidence of lung cancer than non-IPF idiopathic interstitial pneumonia patients (p = 0.036). A radiological usual interstitial pneumonia pattern, forced vital capacity value, and pack-years were associated with lung cancer development (hazard ratios 2.959, 1.031, 1.011; 95% confidence intervals 1.257–6.963, 1.006–1.057, 1.002–1.020, p = 0.013, 0.017, 0.020, respectively).
Conclusions

The lung cancer incidence is higher in IPF patients than in non-IPF idiopathic interstitial pneumonia patients and is equally high in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis and IPF.
A Novel Variable-Length Header Extraction Scheme Based on Ring Laser for All-Optical Packet Switching Network
Authors: Jafari Dariush , Danaie Mohammad , Rezaei Pejman , Nurmohammadi Tofiq 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a novel header extraction scheme based on semiconductor ring laser is proposed and simulated for proof of principle. This scheme is to be used in all-optical packet switching network which can extract return-to-zero (RZ) format modulation data packet with variable header/payload length and intensive spacing. Simulations and numerical analysis for a 3-byte header and 128-byte payload show that this structure can extract the headers with more than 20 dB contrast ratio. Additionally, the structure simplicity and its small size is proper candida to integration in all-optical circuits.
Decreasing malaria transmission in Mojo Health Center, Ethiopia: Shifting burden of the disease and its implication for malaria elimination
Authors: Abate Andargie , Golassa Lemu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
IntroductionMalaria continues to strike hardest against the public health and economic development in Ethiopia. Its transmission tends to be highly heterogeneous within or between years, and from area to area. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the trend prevalence of malaria in Mojo health center, East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in Mojo health center, East Shoa zone, Ethiopia from February to March, 2021. Malaria cases and related data reported between 2016 and2020 were carefully reviewed from laboratory registration logbooks. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 25 software.ResultsA total of 19, 106 blood films were examined from malaria suspected patients. The overall microscopically confirmed prevalence of malaria was 4.2%. P. vivax was the predominant species accounting 76.2% of positive samples. Malaria cases declined from 259 in 2016 to 77 in 2020. The proportion of malaria was higher among males (64.8%) than females (35.2%). Higher malaria cases were observed from the age group 15–24 years followed by the age group of 25–34. Malaria cases were at a peak level from September-November and lowest from December-February.ConclusionDespite declining trend of malaria prevalence was observed, malaria still remains a public health burden in the area. The high burden of malaria among reproductive age group, males, and during cultivation season reflects its impact on health and economic development. Shifting of P. falciparum to P.vivax related malaria should get an attention during prevention and control strategies for the successful progress of malaria elimination programme.
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) with Granulomatous Interstitial Lung Disease (GLILD) and SARS COVID-19 Infection: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Pattanaik Debendra , Ritter Shaunah , Fahhoum Joseph 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

We present a case of CVID complicated by granulomatous interstitial lung disease (GLILD). This patient clinical course was further complicated by COVID-19 infection. This is only the 2nd known case report of COVID 19 in CVID with GLILD. The clinical course and outcome of COVID 19 infection with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and GLILD is not well known.
Case presentation:

Our patient met the clinical features of CVID secondary to low IgG/IgA, recurrent infections, and failure to respond to pneumococcal vaccination. He was treated with monthly maintenance IVIG therapy. Our patient also was diagnosed with co-existing GLILD that despite IVIG treatment was progressing. The patient needed to be started on Rituxan and Mycophenolate Mofetil to achieve control but unfortunately became infected with COVID19 delaying his treatment for GLILD. Our patient only suffered from mild COVID 19 infection and was able to make antibodies to this. We believe severe infection was avoided as his CVID was well controlled with IVIG therapy despite progression of his granulomatous interstitial lung disease.
Conclusion

In conclusion, our patient with CVID with co-existing biopsy proven granulomatous interstitial lung disease despite being very high risk for severe COVID 19 infection only had mild infection. This was believed to be due to well controlled CVID with IVIG therapy.
Aggregation Induced Enhanced Emission (AIEE) Based Colorimetric and Selective Turn-on Fluorescent Sensor for Cyanide
Authors: Lakshminarayanan Sudha , Murugesan Kumaresan.M , Jeyasingh Vanthana , Selvapalam Narayanan , Dass Geetha 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We have prepared and reporting a new cyanide colorimetric and turn-on fluorescent chemo sensor L. Naked-eye colorimetric studies shows the prepared receptor is selectively sensing cyanide ion in acetonitrile medium. The sensor L shows very weak fluorescence in acetonitrile medium. The emission intensity of L gets reduced (quenching of fluorescence) upon addition of one equivalent of cyanide. Meanwhile further gradual addition of more than one equivalents of cyanide onto 1:1 cyanide complex of L shows remarkable fluorescence enhancement. The weakly emissive receptor L show drastic enhancement in fluorescence intensity upon addition of excessive cyanide ion which is mainly attributed due to the restriction of intramolecular rotation of 1:1 L•CN- complex and intermolecular aggregation of host: guest complex. This enhanced fluorescence emission is attributed due to the aggregation induced enhanced emission (AIEE) is subsequently supported with UV-Vis, emission and 1H-NMR spectroscopic studies. The preferential binding of cyanide by electron deficient receptor L through hydrogen bonding and anion···π interaction over benzene analogue of L is also analyzed with help of MEP surface analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example for selective colorimetric and turn- on cyanide sensor through AIEE mechanism. This type of fluorine rich organic material having such an aggregation enhanced emission properties in response to cyanide addition will be useful to construct the new type of material for various sensory applications.
Horizontally Arranged Zinc Platelet Electrodeposits Modulated by Fluorinated Covalent Organic Framework Film for High-Rate and Durable Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Zaiping , Zhao Zedong , Wang Rong , Peng Chengxin , Chen Wuji , Wu Tianqi , Hu Bo , Zeng Jiaxi , Liu Peiying , Liu Yicheng , Guo Jia , Lu Hongbin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (RZIBs) provide a promising complementarity to the existing lithium-ion batteries due to their low cost, non-toxicity and intrinsic safety. However, Zn anodes suffer from zinc dendrite growth and continuous unfavorable side reactions, resulting in low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and severe capacity decay. Here, we develop an ultrathin, fluorinated two-dimensional porous covalent organic framework (FCOF) film as a protective layer on the Zn surface to address these issues. The strong interaction between fluorine (F) in FCOF and Zn reduces the surface energy of the Zn (002) crystal plane and regulates planar growth of zinc anode materials. As a result, Zn deposits underneath FCOF films show parallel platelet morphology with (002) planar orientations preferred. Furthermore, F-containing nanochannels facilitate the de-solvation of hydrated Zn ions and prevent electrolyte penetration, thus retarding corrosion of Zn. Such unique FCOF films prolonged the Zn symmetric cell lifespan to over 1700 h, which is 13 times longer than the cells without protection (125 h). The assembled full cells demonstrate a cycle life of over 250 cycles at 3 mAcm-2 under practical conditions, including lean electrolyte (12 μLmAh-1), limited Zn excess (only 1×excess), and a high mass loading of MnO2 cathode (16 mgcm-2). This work provides a new perspective for the realization of planar deposition of zinc metal anodes for developing high performance Zn-based batteries.