bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kaempferol ameliorates symptoms of metabolic syndrome by improving blood lipid profile and glucose tolerance
Authors: Ochiai Ayasa , Othman Mahmoud Ben , Sakamoto Kazuichi 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Kaempferol (KPF) is a dietary polyphenol reported to have various beneficial effects on human health. However, its molecular mechanisms in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism are not fully understood. This study examined the effects of KPF on obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes in Tsumura, Suzuki, Obese Diabetes mice. The 6-week administration of KPF decreased fat weight, serum total cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs); increased high-density lipoproteins (HDLs); and improved glucose tolerance. Additionally, KPF increased LDL receptor (LDLR) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) gene expression and decreased serum resistin levels. These findings suggest that the decrease in LDL and the increase in HDL caused by KPF may be due to increases in hepatic LDLR and ApoA1 expression, respectively. Furthermore, it is possible that the improvement in glucose tolerance by KPF may occur via resistin reduction. These mechanisms may be parts of complex mechanism by which KPF improves metabolic syndrome.
Shared Representational Formats for Information Maintained in Working Memory and Information Retrieved from Long-Term Memory
Authors: Vo Vy A , Sutterer David W , Foster Joshua J , Sprague Thomas C , Awh Edward , Serences John T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Current theories propose that the short-term retention of information in working memory (WM) and the recall of information from long-term memory (LTM) are supported by overlapping neural mechanisms in occipital and parietal cortex. However, the extent of the shared representations between WM and LTM is unclear. We designed a spatial memory task that allowed us to directly compare the representations of remembered spatial information in WM and LTM with carefully matched behavioral response precision between tasks. Using multivariate pattern analyses on functional magnetic resonance imaging data, we show that visual memories were represented in a sensory-like code in both memory tasks across retinotopic regions in occipital and parietal cortex. Regions in lateral parietal cortex also encoded remembered locations in both tasks, but in a format that differed from sensory-evoked activity. These results suggest a striking correspondence in the format of representations maintained in WM and retrieved from LTM across occipital and parietal cortex. On the other hand, we also show that activity patterns in nearly all parietal regions, but not occipital regions, contained information that could discriminate between WM and LTM trials. Our data provide new evidence for theories of memory systems and the representation of mnemonic content.
Identifying and Characterizing Trans Women in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study as an Epidemiologically Distinct Risk Group
Authors: Nguyen Huyen , Hampel Benjamin , Garcia Nuñez David , Battegay Manuel , Hachfeld Anna , Bernasconi Enos , Calmy Alexandra , Cavassini Matthias , Vernazza Pietro , Fellay Jacques , Rudolph Hannes , Huber Michael , Leuzinger Karoline , Perreau Matthieu , Scherrer Alexandra , Ramette Alban Nicolas , Yerly Sabine , Günthard Huldrych F , Kouyos Roger D , Kusejko Katharina ,   Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Anagnostopoulos A , Battegay M , Bernasconi E , Böni J , Braun D L , Bucher H C , Calmy A , Cavassini M , Ciuffi A , Dollenmaier G , Egger M , Elzi L , Fehr J , Fellay J , Furrer H , Fuc C A , Günthard H F , Haerry D , Hasse B , Hirsch H H , Hoffmann M , Hösli I , Huber M , Kahlert C , Kaiser L , Keiser O , Klimkait T , Kouyos R D , Kovari H , Ledergerber B , Martinetti G , Martinez de Tejada B , Marzolini C , Metzner K J , Müller N , Nicca D , Paioni P , Pantaleo G , Perreau M , Rauch A , Rudin C , Kusejko K , Schmid P , Speck R , Stöckle M , Tarr P , Trkola A , Vernazza P , Wandeler G , Weber R , Yerly S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
As trans women are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic, and are still understudied, we aimed to identify and characterize the trans women in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS).

Methods
A combination of criteria from pre-existing cohort data was used to identify trans women. Information on socioeconomic factors, clinical data, risk behaviors, and mental health was collected. We also described their phylogenetic patterns within HIV transmission networks in relation to other risk groups.

Results
We identified 89 trans women of a total 20 925 cohort participants. Trans women were much more likely to be Asian (30.3%) and Hispanic (15.7%) than men who have sex with men (MSM) (2.5% and 4.1%; P &lt; .001) and cis heterosexual (HET) women (7.0% and 3.3%; P &lt; .001). Trans women were more similar to cis HET women in some measures like educational level (postsecondary education attainment: 22.6% and 20.7% [P = .574] vs 46.5% for MSM [P &lt; .001]), while being more similar to MSM for measures like prior syphilis diagnosis (36.0% and 44.0% [P = .170] vs 6.7% for cis HET women [P &lt; .001]). 11.2% of trans women have been previously hospitalized for psychological reasons compared with 4.2% of MSM (P = .004) and 5.1% of cis HET women (P = .025). Analysis of transmission clusters containing trans women suggested greater affinity within the transmission networks to MSM compared with cis HET women.

Conclusions
Trans women are epidemiologically distinct in the setting of the Swiss HIV epidemic, warranting better identification and study to better serve this underserved risk group.
Association of Adverse Events With Antibiotic Treatment for Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Butler Anne M , Durkin Michael J , Keller Matthew R , Ma Yinjiao , Powderly William G , Olsen Margaret A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the relative harms of different antibiotic regimens prescribed to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI). We sought to compare the risk of adverse events associated with commonly used oral antibiotic regimens for the outpatient treatment of uncomplicated UTI.

Methods
Using data from the IBM® MarketScan® Commercial Database, we identified 1 169 033 otherwise healthy, nonpregnant women aged 18–44 years with uncomplicated UTI who initiated an oral antibiotic with activity against common uropathogens from 1 July 2006 to 30 September 2015. We used propensity score–weighted Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the association between antibiotic agent and adverse events.

Results
Of 2 first-line agents, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (vs nitrofurantoin) was associated with higher risk of several adverse drug events including hypersensitivity reaction (hazard ratio, 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 2.30–2.98), acute renal failure (2.56; 1.55–4.25), skin rash (2.42; 2.13–2.75), urticaria (1.37; 1.19–1.57), abdominal pain (1.14; 1.09–1.19), and nausea/vomiting (1.18; 1.10–1.28), but a similar risk of potential microbiome-related adverse events. Compared with nitrofurantoin, non–first-line agents were associated with higher risk of several adverse drug events and potential microbiome-related adverse events including non–Clostridium difficile diarrhea, C. difficile infection, vaginitis/vulvovaginal candidiasis, and pneumonia. Treatment duration modified the risk of potential microbiome-related adverse events.

Conclusions
The risks of adverse drug events and potential microbiome-related events differ widely by antibiotic agent and duration. These findings underscore the utility of using real-world data to fill evidentiary gaps related to antibiotic safety.
Warming Temperatures, Yield Risk and Crop Insurance Participation
Authors: Wang Ruixue , Rejesus Roderick M , Aglasan Serkan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrevious literature have shown that warming temperatures due to climate change are likely to decrease mean crop yields and increase crop yield risk. However, there is limited understanding of how crop insurance participation can potentially affect the adverse crop yield impacts of warming (or extreme heat). This study specifically examines whether crop insurance participation influences the impact of extreme heat on yield risk (i.e. yield variance, skewness and kurtosis). We utilise a parametric moment-based method and county-level panel data to evaluate how crop insurance participation affects the relationship between warming temperatures and the moments of crop yield distributions. Our results indicate that the yield risk increasing effect of warming is further magnified under high levels of crop insurance participation. This result still holds even when allowing for long-run adaptation (although the crop insurance effect tends to be weaker in this case). In general, our results indicate that not only does crop insurance participation adversely impact mean yields under climate change, it also influences the extent by which warming affects yield variability over time. This supports the notion that crop insurance can serve as a disincentive for climate change adaptation in agriculture.
Household availability of dietary fats and cardiovascular disease and mortality: prospective evidence from Russia
Authors: Stefler Denes , Landstra Elvire , Bobak Martin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The aim of this analysis was to examine the prospective association between household availability of lard, butter, margarine and vegetable oil with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in a general population sample in Russia.

Methods
Data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey were used. 6618 adult individuals with no previous CVD who were recruited for the study in 1994 and followed-up in subsequent years were included in the analysis. Household availability of lard, butter, margarine and vegetable oil were assessed at baseline with questions on whether these food items were purchased by the participants’ family. Self-reported information on heart attack or stroke (CVD) and death reported by another household member were used as outcome.

Results
Over the median follow-up of 11 years, 1787 participants died or reported incident CVD. In the multivariable adjusted survival models, household availability of lard was significantly associated with the combined outcome of CVD incidence and/or death (OR in the high vs. no availability categories: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.05–1.62). The associations with butter (1.06; 0.93–1.20), margarine (1.18; 0.94–1.47) and vegetable oil (0.92; 0.80–1.06) were not statistically significant. When self-reported CVD and mortality were examined separately, the association regarding lard was particularly strong for CVD (1.52; 1.11–2.09).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that lard, a dietary fat of animal origin traditionally used in Eastern European cooking, is of a particular concern regarding CVD risk. Replacing it with plant-based oils in cooking practices is strongly recommended.
Positive Selection of Transcription Factors Is a Prominent Feature of the Evolution of a Plant Pathogenic Genus Originating in the Miocene
Authors: Derbyshire Mark C , Harper Lincoln A , Lopez-Ruiz Francisco J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Tests based on the dN/dS statistic are used to identify positive selection of nonsynonymous polymorphisms. Using these tests on alignments of all orthologs from related species can provide insights into which gene categories have been most frequently positively selected. However, longer alignments have more power to detect positive selection, creating a detection bias that could create misleading results from functional enrichment tests. Most studies of positive selection in plant pathogens focus on genes with specific virulence functions, with little emphasis on broader molecular processes. Furthermore, no studies in plant pathogens have accounted for detection bias due to alignment length when performing functional enrichment tests. To address these research gaps, we analyze 12 genomes of the phytopathogenic fungal genus Botrytis, including two sequenced in this study. To establish a temporal context, we estimated fossil-calibrated divergence times for the genus. We find that Botrytis likely originated 16–18 Ma in the Miocene and underwent continuous radiation ending in the Pliocene. An untargeted scan of Botrytis single-copy orthologs for positive selection with three different statistical tests uncovered evidence for positive selection among proteases, signaling proteins, CAZymes, and secreted proteins. There was also a strong overrepresentation of transcription factors among positively selected genes. This overrepresentation was still apparent after two complementary controls for detection bias due to sequence length. Positively selected sites were depleted within DNA-binding domains, suggesting changes in transcriptional responses to internal and external cues or protein–protein interactions have undergone positive selection more frequently than changes in promoter fidelity.
What makes a good quality indicator set? A systematic review of criteria
Authors: Schang Laura , Blotenberg Iris , Boywitt Dennis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile single indicators measure a specific aspect of quality (e.g. timely support during labour), users of these indicators, such as patients, providers and policy-makers, are typically interested in some broader construct (e.g. quality of maternity care) whose measurement requires a set of indicators. However, guidance on desirable properties of indicator sets is lacking.ObjectiveBased on the premise that a set of valid indicators does not guarantee a valid set of indicators, the aim of this review is 2-fold: First, we introduce content validity as a desirable property of indicator sets and review the extent to which studies in the peer-reviewed health care quality literature address this criterion. Second, to obtain a complete inventory of criteria, we examine what additional criteria of quality indicator sets were used so far.MethodsWe searched the databases Web of Science, Medline, Cinahl and PsycInfo from inception to May 2021 and the reference lists of included studies. English- or German-language, peer-reviewed studies concerned with desirable characteristics of quality indicator sets were included. Applying qualitative content analysis, two authors independently coded the articles using a structured coding scheme and discussed conflicting codes until consensus was reached.ResultsOf 366 studies screened, 62 were included in the review. Eighty-five per cent (53/62) of studies addressed at least one of the component criteria of content validity (content coverage, proportional representation and contamination) and 15% (9/62) addressed all component criteria. Studies used various content domains to structure the targeted construct (e.g. quality dimensions, elements of the care pathway and policy priorities), providing a framework to assess content validity. The review revealed four additional substantive criteria for indicator sets: cost of measurement (21% [13/62] of the included studies), prioritization of ‘essential’ indicators (21% [13/62]), avoidance of redundancy (13% [8/62]) and size of the set (15% [9/62]). Additionally, four procedural criteria were identified: stakeholder involvement (69% [43/62]), using a conceptual framework (44% [27/62]), defining the purpose of measurement (26% [16/62]) and transparency of the development process (8% [5/62]).ConclusionThe concept of content validity and its component criteria help assessing whether conclusions based on a set of indicators are valid conclusions about the targeted construct. To develop a valid indicator set, careful definition of the targeted construct including its (sub-)domains is paramount. Developers of quality indicators should specify the purpose of measurement and consider trade-offs with other criteria for indicator sets whose application may reduce content validity (e.g. costs of measurement) in light thereof.
Variations in pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target values across MICs and their potential impact on determination of susceptibility test interpretive criteria
Authors: Waack Ursula , Joshi Abhay , Jang Seong H , Reynolds Kellie S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
An antibacterial drug’s susceptibility test interpretive criteria (STIC) are determined by integrating clinical, microbiological and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) data. PTA analysis plays a pivotal or supportive role in STIC determination and is heavily dependent on the PK-PD target values determined from animal PK-PD studies. Therefore, variations in PK-PD target values may impact STIC determination. Factors contributing to variation in the PK-PD target values include the number of and MICs for bacterial isolates used in animal PK-PD studies.

Objectives
To analyse the relationship between PK-PD target values and MICs, describe the variations in PK-PD target values of isolates and evaluate whether the proposed/target STICs were within the ranges of the MICs for isolates used in animal PK-PD studies.

Methods
A database was compiled for this research by screening animal PK-PD study reports submitted to the FDA from 10 new drug applications (NDAs).

Results
A relationship evaluation between PK-PD target values and MICs for tested isolates for seven drugs (that used AUC/MIC ratio as the PK-PD index) showed that, generally, the AUC/MIC values decreased with an increase in MIC. These target values were highly variable, with the percentage coefficient of variation ranging between 1% and 132% for isolates having the same MIC. For 16/27 (59%) drug/bacteria combinations from all 10 drugs, the proposed/target STICs were higher than the highest MIC for bacteria isolates evaluated, while 6/27 (22.5%) were lower.

Conclusions
This research suggests that careful considerations related to selection of bacterial isolates for animal PK-PD studies could strengthen the STIC determination process.
A Problematic Biomarker Trial Design
Authors: Freidlin Boris , Korn Edward L 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Efficient biomarker-driven randomized clinical trials are a key tool for implementing precision oncology. A commonly used biomarker phase III design is focused on testing the treatment effect in biomarker-positive and overall study populations. This approach may result in recommending new treatments to biomarker-negative patients when these treatments have no benefit for these patients.
Ruptured metastatic liver tumor secondary to a thymoma: a case report
Authors: Utsunomiya Takeshi , Sakamoto Katsunori , Tsukamoto Daiki , Shine Mikiya , Nishi Yusuke , Matsui Takashi , Tamura Kei , Inoue Hitoshi , Takai Akihiro , Ogawa Kohei , Sunago Kotaro , Hiasa Yoichi , Sakao Nobuhiko , Shigematsu Hisayuki , Sano Yoshifumi , Kurata Mie , Fukushima Mana , Kitazawa Riko , Kitazawa Sohei , Takada Yasutsugu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We report a case of rupture of a synchronous metastatic liver tumor secondary to a thymoma. A 56-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with acute abdomen. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a 10 cm diameter tumor in the left lateral segment of the liver, together with ascites, which was suggestive of intra-abdominal bleeding. She was in stable condition and hemostasis was confirmed by angiography. CT also revealed a mass in the anterior mediastinum. Elective laparoscopic left lateral segmentectomy was performed to make a pathological diagnosis and for radical resection. No peritoneal dissemination was observed and the liver tumor was curatively resected. The patient subsequently underwent thymectomy. The pathological diagnoses were thymoma with the liver metastasis. Currently, at 30 months post-treatment, she has had no tumor recurrence. Rupture of a metastatic liver tumor secondary to a thymoma is a rare condition; careful preoperative management and aggressive treatment might improve the patient’s prognosis.
Galaxy zoo: stronger bars facilitate quenching in star-forming galaxies
Authors: Géron Tobias , Smethurst R J , Lintott Chris , Kruk Sandor , Masters Karen L , Simmons Brooke , Stark David V 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTWe have used Galaxy Zoo DECaLS (GZD) to study strong and weak bars in disc galaxies. Out of the 314 000 galaxies in GZD, we created a volume-limited sample (0.01 &lt; z &lt; 0.05, Mr &lt; − 18.96) which contains 1867 galaxies with reliable volunteer bar classifications in the ALFALFA footprint. In keeping with previous Galaxy Zoo surveys (such as GZ2), the morphological classifications from GZD agree well with previous morphological surveys. GZD considers galaxies to either have a strong bar (15.5 per cent), a weak bar (28.1 per cent) or no bar (56.4 per cent), based on volunteer classifications on images obtained from the DECaLS survey. This places GZD in a unique position to assess differences between strong and weak bars. We find that the strong bar fraction is typically higher in quiescent galaxies than in star-forming galaxies, while the weak bar fraction is similar. Moreover, we have found that strong bars facilitate the quenching process in star-forming galaxies, finding higher fibre star formation rates (SFRs), lower gas masses, and shorter depletion time-scales in these galaxies compared to unbarred galaxies. However, we also found that any differences between strong and weak bars disappear when controlling for bar length. Based on this, we conclude that weak and strong bars are not fundamentally different phenomena. Instead, we propose that there is a continuum of bar types, which varies from ‘weakest’ to ‘strongest’.
A survey for variable young stars with small telescopes – IV. Rotation periods of YSOs in IC 5070
Authors: Froebrich Dirk , Derezea Efthymia , Scholz Aleks , Eislöffel Jochen , Vanaverbeke Siegfried , Kume Alfred , Herbert Carys , Campbell-White Justyn , Miller Niall , Stecklum Bringfried , Makin Sally V , Urtly Thomas , Soldán Alfaro Francisco C , Schwendeman Erik , Stone Geoffrey , Phillips Mark , Fleming George , Gonzalez Farfán Rafael , Vanmunster Tonny , Heald Michael A , Fernández Mañanes Esteban , Nelson Tim , Eggenstein Heinz-Bernd , Dubois Franky , Logie Ludwig , Rau Steve , Wiersema Klaas , Quinn Nick , Rodriguez Diego , Castillo García Rafael , Killestein Thomas , Vale Tony , Licchelli Domenico , Deldem Marc , Piehler Georg , Moździerski Dawid , Kotysz Krzysztof , Kowalska Katarzyna , Mikołajczyk Przemysław , Futcher Stephen R L , Long Timothy P , Morales Aimar Mario , Merrikin Barry , Johnstone Stephen , Dubovský Pavol A , Kudzej Igor , Pickard Roger , Billington Samuel J , Dover Lord , Zegmott Tarik , Evitts Jack J , Traspas Munia Alejandra , Price Mark C 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Studying rotational variability of young stars is enabling us to investigate a multitude of properties of young star-disc systems. We utilize high cadence, multiwavelength optical time series data from the Hunting Outbursting Young Stars citizen science project to identify periodic variables in the Pelican Nebula (IC 5070). A double blind study using nine different period-finding algorithms was conducted and a sample of 59 periodic variables was identified. We find that a combination of four period finding algorithms can achieve a completeness of 85 per cent and a contamination of 30 per cent in identifying periods in inhomogeneous data sets. The best performing methods are periodograms that rely on fitting a sine curve. Utilizing Gaia EDR3 data, we have identified an unbiased sample of 40 periodic young stellar objects (YSOs), without using any colour or magnitude selections. With a 98.9 per cent probability, we can exclude a homogeneous YSO period distribution. Instead, we find a bi-modal distribution with peaks at 3 and 8 d. The sample has a disc fraction of 50 per cent, and its statistical properties are in agreement with other similarly aged YSOs populations. In particular, we confirm that the presence of the disc is linked to predominantly slow rotation and find a probability of 4.8 × 10−3 that the observed relation between period and presence of a disc has occurred by chance. In our sample of periodic variables, we also find pulsating giants, an eclipsing binary, and potential YSOs in the foreground of IC 5070.