bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Studies Regarding the Control of Cryphonectria parasitica with Hydroalcoholic
Authors: PUIA Carmen Emilia , GRIGORESCU Daniela Andreea , MICLEA Raluca Vasilica 
Published: December 2021

Cryphonectria parasiticaÂ Â (Murr.) Bar [syn. Endothia parasitica (Murr. And.] (anamorf:Â Endothiella sp .) is the causal agent of chestnut bark disease or chestnut blight. This disease produced great damages throughout the world, it has nearly eliminated the American chestnut tree (Â Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) from its natural range and has heavily affected the European chestnut tree (Â Castanea sativa (P.) Mill). Successful protection against Cryphonectria parasitica is a very difficult problem because the conventional control methods against the fungus are not applicable with a great success because of the extreme fungus pathogenity and on the other hand because of the characteristics of sites and host plants. In our experiments the isolates ofÂ C. parasitica were picked from the Baia Mare area and for the control with plant extracts the isolates were inoculated on PDA medium that contained the extract using the poison food technique. The different extracts in three different concentrations were tested in 80 mm diameter Petri plates incubated at 25ÂºC and assessed after three, six and nine days of incubation. The fungistatic effect of the extracts was established by examining the presence or the absence of the colony growth. The colonies were measured establishing the colony area that appeared on the treated plates using the ellipse area formula. The results were expressed as the inhibition percent of the tested plant extracts.
Evaluation of Pheromone Lure as Mass-Trapping Tools for Western Flower Thrips
Authors: COVACI Anca Dafina , OLTEAN Ion , POP Aurelia 
Published: December 2021

Frankliniella occidentalisÂ Â (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) adult male has sternal glands whose role is to produce pheromones. It is known that there are two major components in the headspace volatiles of thrips adult male that are not present in the headspace volatiles of adult female. Those components, (R)-lavandulyl acetate and neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate were synthesized for the first time in Romania by "Raluca Ripan" Institute for Research in Chemistry (Cluj-Napoca). We have tested a blend of those in the greenhouse cucumber (Â Cucumis sativum ) crops of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine. Period study lasted in 4 weeks. Blue sticky traps were coated with insect glue on both surfaces and a rubber septum which contained the blend was attached in the center of a side of a trap. Two traps with pheromone lure and one trap without pheromone lure were hung up to a 20 cm distance from the tip of the plant. Both female and males were trapped. We observed a higher percentage of males on pheromone trap. Our data revealed that the total number of western flower thrips caught on pheromone traps ranged between 1537 and 1941 as compared with the total number of thrips caught on control trap (1333). According to our results we conclude that pheromone traps could be effective tools forÂ F. occidentalis mass trapping and for the use in integrated pest management strategies.
The Advantages of Using Biogas as an Alternative Fuel in Rural Areas
Authors: DUMITRU Mariana 
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the advantages of using biogas as an alternative source of energy, especially in rural areas and insists on its specific advantages, compared to other alternative fuels, such as bio-ethanol and bio-diesel, which are very significant fuels which can be used in the future, but are contested from the social point of view, because they use as raw materials plants, some of them being used as food sources for mankind. The main advantage of biogas is that it is obtained from residues and wastes, so it has the ability to transform waste material into a valuable resource in the conditions in which many countries are facing enormous problems associated with overproduction of organic wastes from industry, agriculture and households. Biogas production is an excellent way to comply with increasingly restrictive national and European regulations in this domain and to use organic wastes for energy production, which is followed by recycling of the digested substrate as fertilizer. In the paper is emphasized the fact that a biogas plant is not only a supplier of energy. The digested substrate is a valuable soil fertiliser, rich in nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and micronutrients, which can be applied on soils with the usual equipments for application of liquid manure. A wide range of biomass types can be used as substrates for the production of biogas. The most common biomass categories used in European biogas production are : animal manure and slurry, agricultural residues and by-products,Â ï€ digestible organic wastes from food and agro- industries, organic fraction of municipal waste and from catering, sewage sludge, dedicated energy crops (maize, miscanthus, sorghum, clover).Â One main advantage of biogas production is the ability to use â€œwet biomassâ€ types as feedstock, all characterised by moisture content higher than 60-Â 70% (such as sewage sludge, animal slurries, flotation sludge from food processing etc.). In the late years, a number of energy crops (grains, maize, rapeseed), have been largely used as feedstock for biogas production in countries like Austria or Germany. Besides energy crops, all kinds of agricultural residues, damaged crops, unsuitable for food or resulting from unfavourable growing and weather conditions, can be used to produce biogas and fertiliser. A number of animal by-products, not suitable for human consumption, can also be processed in biogas plants.
Physicochemical Assessment of Water Quality in Nicolina River
Authors: OIȘTE Ana - Maria , BREABÄ‚N Iuliana Gabriela 
Published: December 2021

Nutrient regime is related to the variation during the seasonal changes, especially the temperature modifications, land-use transformation and other physico-chemical parameters variation, influenced by main activities outside and inside the Iași city. Nicolina river is the main Bahlui river tributary on the south of buildup area of Iași city, and it has one of the most important influence in Bahlui river water quality, due to different characteristic of the areas it cross: rural area, industrial area, and the area with individual and collective houses. This paper presents the regime of the NHÂ 3, NHÂ 4 and PO4 during the dry and wet season (December, April and June), of the samples taken from the Nicolina river (15 samples), the changes imposed by the seasonal variation being obvious. Field observations were conducted to study the Nicolina river in order to establish sampling points, followed by sampling and lab analyses of the physico-chemical indicators, like pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, oxygen regime, hardness, alkalinity as well as heavy metals. Form all data the most relevant variation have been on the nutrients regime due to natural and anthropic sources. The Arc GIS 9.3 software were used for illustrated spatial distribution of obtained data followed by some correlations based on cluster analysis, that highlight the influence of human activities within the buildup area and the succession of seasons, the amounts of NHÂ 3, NH4 and PO4 becoming almost doubled, passing from the class II and III to class III and IV.
The Environmental Fingerprint. A Case Study
Authors: ODAGIU Antonia , OROIAN Ioan Gh. , MIHAIESCU Tania , MAXIM Aurel , MIRZA Manuela Camelia 
Published: December 2021

.Â Â The new concept of â€ecological fingerprintâ€ is approached in this paper, together with a case study concerning the â€carbon fingerprintâ€. The scientific bases of this concept were elaborated by Rees and Wackernagel, at University of Columbia in early â€˜90s. Their overall significance last in the ability of our planet to produce all resources needed for a healthy food, goods, and services supplies, in order to satisfy the consumption needs of population, and also to absorb the waste produced by the earth population and their activities. Thus, the concerned resources, consumptions, waste, etc. are transformed into a single variable. The basis of this approach is represented by the ratio between the human consumption of natural resources and the global capacity of earth to regenerate natural resources. The â€global hectaresâ€ represents the measure unit for the ecological fingerprint, and it has four components. These four components of the ecological fingerprint are represented by: the carbon fingerprint, the food fingerprint, the housing fingerprint, and the goods and services fingerprint.
The Effect of Cold Storage on Some Quality Characteristics of Minimally Processed Parsley (Petroselinum crispum), Dill (Anethum graveolens) and Lovage (Levisticum officinale)
Authors: CÄ‚TUNESCU Giorgiana Mihaela , TOFANÄ‚ Maria , MUREȘAN Crina , RANGA Floricuța , DAVID Adriana , MUNTEAN Mircea 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the effect of storage at refrigeration temperature on some quality characteristics of the most important Romanian seasoning herbs, presented as minimally processed products. The herbs, sealed in polyethylene bags, were stored at 4Â°C for 12 days. The evaluation of quality characteristics: sensory analysis, humidity, chlorophyll and vitamin C was done in the 1st, 5th, 8th and 12th day. Total quality of parsley, dill and lovage assessed by sensory analysis (color, texture and flavor) decreased little after 12 days. The water content of each sample did not statistically differ along the storage period. During storage, total chlorophylls content decreased for all samples as they started yellowing. After 12 days, the decrease of total chlorophylls was of 42% for parsley, 45% for dill and 38% for lovage. The content of vitamin C determined for the three aromatic plants can be estimated as high. During the 12 day of storage, the content of ascorbic acid diminished by 18% for parsley samples, 8% for dill and 3% for lovage. In conclusion, minimally processed parsley, dill and lovage sealed in polyethylene bags and stored at 4Â°C for 12 days have a shelf life of up to 12 days of storage, with little modifications of quality parameters.Â Â Â
Docking of Phytochemicals to the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Ligand Binding Domain
Authors: COMAN Cristina , SOCACIU Carmen 
Published: December 2021

In this study, the interaction between the phytochemical molecules - piperine and pipernonaline - and the ligand binding domain of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-Î³ is investigated at a theoretical level by using the AutoDock software, which is a program that allows docking of molecular ligands to receptor macromolecules. The docking results show that the ligandreceptor complexes are formed through hydrogen bond interactions. The hydrogen bonds involve oxygen atoms in the piperine and pipernonaline ligands as hydrogen bond acceptors and hydrogen atoms from =NH or -NH groups of the amino acid residues in the receptor as hydrogen bond donors. Â 2
The Behavior of Some Autumn Wheat Varieties in the Conditions of the Transilvania Central Area
Authors: MAN Simona , MUSTE Sevastița , PÄ‚UCEAN Adriana , POP Anamaria 
Published: December 2021

The goal of this paper is to monitor and reveal the behavior of 10 varieties of autumn wheat in two different climatic zones from Transylvania central areas (Turda and Targu Mures), under the action of agrofond. In order to achieve this study have used samples of wheat from 2009 - 2010 harvest year. To determine the quality of wheat were analyzed three wheat quality parameters (protein, wet gluten, sedimentation index). In the conditions of Turda and Targu Mures areas, in the 2009/2010 year crop, Josef has registered the highest values, followed by wheat variety Turda 2000 and Dropia variety and the lowest values were obtained from Serina wheat variety. In the Targu Mures area were registered higher values for protein content, wet gluten and sedimentation index compared with the Turda culture area and in terms of application of fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus, these Â have influenced the quality parameters in positively way, resulting in very significant positive values compared to the unfertilized control variant.Â
The Quality of Romanian Honey Varieties - mineral content and textural properties
Authors: TUDOREANU Liliana , CODREANU Mario , CRIVINEANU Victor , GORAN Gheorghe 
Published: December 2021

The viscosity, flow behaviour index, consistency index and mineral content of several honey varieties were measured for four consecutive years (2009-2011). Potassium concentration had the most impressive variation from 532 mg/kg in 2009 for the sunflower honey variety to 112,5mg/kg in 2010 for the rapeseed plant honey.Â Strontium concentrations were less than 0.3 mg/kg, however further investigation is needed in order to certify these findings.Â We have suggested that honey viscosity and its variation with temperature may be a relevant quality parameter due especially to consumersâ€™ preference for high viscosity honey varieties.Â Â
Antioxidants Used in Pet Feed
Authors: BUNGHEZ Florina , SOCACIU Carmen , CATUNESCU Giorgiana Mihaela 
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to present a documentation about the antioxidants used in pet feed, and the toxicity exerted on pets.Â Natural and artificial antioxidants are used in the industry of pet feed to protect oils and fats against lipid peroxidation or oxidative rancidity. In the present paper 4 brands of moist and dry feed were analysed. In order to determine the toxicity of the antioxidants used in pet feed, some literature studies regarding genotoxicity, teratogenicity, carcinogenity, allergen potential and fetotoxicity were consulted. After revising the literature we found that: ADI for BHA was established 100 mg/kg bw/day. The NOAEL for a 90 days study was 62,5 mg/kg bw; In a long therm study the NOAEL was 250 mg/kg bw; at reproductive and developmental levels the NOAEL was 0.125 mg/ kg bw and at teratogenic level the NOAEL was 400 mg/kg bw. LD was 2000 mg/kg bw. Following the studies results we can conclude that: TBHQ (BHA secondary metabolite) has 50 carcinogenic effect; TBHQ has genotoxic effect; BHA has no teratogenic effect; BHA has allergen potential.
Preliminary Study of the Malt Extract Addition on the Wholemeal Bread Quality
Authors: MAN Simona , PÄ‚UCEAN Adriana , MUSTE Sevastița , DAMIAN Mihaela 
Published: December 2021

Malt extract is used for improving the bread quality made from flour with low ability to form sugars.Â Introduced in dough it is useful for the yeast development, and multiplication and improve the gas fermentation yield. Therefore malt extract is considered a dough improver. An important role is played by proteolytic enzymes of malt extracts. Present in large amounts proteolytic enzymes lead to worsening the bread quality and increase dough property to widen. Therefore for improving quality of malt extract, must take into account not only the chemical components but also the fermentation activity. Dosing of malt extract is made depending on its fermentation activity and the properties flour, so the amount varies between 1 and 3% by weight flour.The purpose of this study was to emphasize the positive changes of the physical and chemical properties of wholemeal bread, by adding malt extract in different percentages (1% and 2%)
Inheritance of Grain Dry-Down in Corn (Zea mays L.).
Authors: FILIPENCO Andrei , MANDACHE Valentin , VALSAN Gabriela , IVAN Florin , CIOCAZANU Ion 
Published: December 2021

Breeding for faster grain dry-down in corn is an essential objective of modern corn breeding programs all over the world due to important economic reasons. A reliable, large scale, fast, non-destructive wood moisture Voltcraft FM-200 Humidity meter was used to successively measure the grain moisture of field corn individual plants for a large number of corn genotypes, hybrids and inbred lines, in different stages of Pioneer corn breeding program, during 2010-2012. A calibration curve (successive determinations of the grain moisture by using in parallel the wood moisture meter readings and grain moisture obtained by standard gravimetric method) has been used to transform the wood moisture meter readings in estimated % grain moisture (EPGM). DDIND values, a propose selection index, computed as the slope between EPGM and measurement timing, have been used to apply ANOVA analysis; Preliminary results showed that the methods allowed identification of real genotypic differences and advance genotypes with fast DDR. Using the components of variances obtained in ANOVA analysis, an estimate of the heritability of the DDIND was computed. The relative large value of the heritability, of more than 0.50 (50%),Â suggested the efficiency of the method in detecting genotypic variations and that selectingÂ by using DDIND for rapid dry down would result in an efficient improvement of this important agronomic trait of modern corn inbred lines and hybrids.
Carbon Footprint and Shale Gaze Emissions
Authors: ODAGIU Antonia , OROIAN Ioan , COVRIG Ilie , PAULETTE Laura 
Published: December 2021

ConventionalÂ andÂ unconventionalÂ energyÂ productionÂ hasÂ anÂ importantÂ contributionÂ to carbonÂ footprintÂ enhancing.Â BecauseÂ ofÂ largeÂ controversyÂ of shaleÂ gazeÂ exploitationÂ perspectiveÂ in Romania,Â weÂ considerÂ ofÂ highÂ interestÂ toÂ emphasize,Â aÂ methodologyÂ forÂ quantifyingÂ theÂ carbon footprint of the methane resulted from shale gaze exploitation. In context of analyzing the relatively newÂ unconventionalÂ energyÂ resourceÂ asÂ shaleÂ gazeÂ exploitations,Â weÂ areÂ mentioningÂ theÂ American literature,Â whoÂ showsÂ thatÂ 3.6% -Â 7.9%Â ofÂ theÂ methaneÂ fromÂ shale-gasÂ productionÂ escapesÂ toÂ the atmosphere in venting and leaks over the lifetime of a well. The methodology, we analyze, takes into accountÂ directÂ emissionsÂ ofÂ CO2Â fromÂ endÂ usesÂ consumption,Â indirectÂ emissionsÂ ofÂ CO2Â fromÂ fossil fuelsÂ usedÂ toÂ extract,Â develop,Â andÂ transportÂ theÂ gas,Â methaneÂ fugitiveÂ emissions,Â ventingÂ and equipment leaks, in accordance with steps recommended by the Organization Environmental Footprint (OEF)Â Guide.Â TheÂ sourceÂ ofÂ examplesÂ isÂ EPAÂ emissionsÂ reportÂ 2010.Â AnÂ importantÂ stepÂ for responsibleÂ management,Â ofÂ thisÂ newÂ approachedÂ perspectiveÂ of energyÂ producingÂ inÂ Romania,Â is to takeÂ into considerationÂ all issues that couldÂ contributeÂ toÂ environmentalÂ safety,Â andÂ amongÂ theseÂ the calculation of the carbon footprint is of interest, due to the important details it supplies.
Identification of Debris Phenomena in Pine Trees, and Ways of their Management
Authors: BURDUHOS Petru , OROIAN Ioan , COVRIG Ilie , HOLONEC Liviu , ȘULEA Constantin 
Published: December 2021

The most important studies performed worldwide with presented specific methods, supply theÂ possibilityÂ ofÂ elaboratingÂ ourÂ reviewÂ studyÂ in:Â Â Â pineÂ seedlingÂ physiologyÂ andÂ theÂ importanceÂ to survival and growth of pine seedling physiology, identification of the environmental factors that are critical to successful pine seedling performance, and comparison of the effectiveness of various tests for predicting survival and growth of pine seedlings in nurseries. The aim of the paper is to emphasize the main causes of debris phenomena in pine trees, and also to establish current pine nursery integrated management assessment methods The research was carriedÂ onÂ availableÂ literature,Â fromÂ lastÂ fiveÂ years,Â availableÂ fromÂ internationalÂ databases,Â andÂ also from national forestry offices. A series of methods are usually used in order to identify the performances of pine seedlings in nurseries,Â andÂ possibleÂ debrisÂ phenomenaÂ apparition,Â andÂ amongÂ themÂ weÂ shallÂ implement: morphological measurements (height, stem diameter, bud length, shoot: root ratio, shoot weight, root weight,Â etc.),Â physiologicalÂ measurementsÂ (electrolyteÂ leakage,Â enzymaticÂ activity,Â waterÂ potential, waterÂ conductance,Â mineralÂ nutrition,Â foodÂ reserves).Â ToÂ aboveÂ mentionedÂ methodsÂ future perspectives are open, among them being: chlorophyll fluorescence, infrared thermography, machine vision system, integrated approaches, eco-physiological evaluations, etc.).
Zearalenone Content in Cereals
Authors: MILÄ‚SAN Adrian , OROIAN Ioan , BORDEA Daniela , BRASOVEAN Ioan , MIHAI - OROIAN Constantin 
Published: December 2021

MycotoxinsÂ areÂ metabolicÂ productsÂ ofÂ toxinogeneÂ mycetesÂ andÂ fromÂ chemicalÂ pointÂ of view,Â theyÂ are:Â polypeptides,Â terpenicÂ compounds,Â derivativesÂ ofÂ oxalicÂ acid,Â alkaloids,Â quinones derivatives, coumarin, etc. In any part of the world, where grown cereals, fodder of any kind, where climaticÂ conditionsÂ are favorableÂ forÂ theirÂ development,Â includingÂ humidity,Â temperature,Â Â Â position, location,Â cultivation system, harvesting and storing, certainly presence of one or more types of fungi that can contaminate the substrate and thus produce mycotoxins. The zearalenone is a mycotoxin, an acid lactone resorcylate and has chemical structure similar to steroid hormones. It has relatively high stabilityÂ inÂ neutralÂ mediumÂ andÂ highÂ temperaturesÂ (80 -Â 120 0C). GrainsÂ andÂ grain-basedÂ foods,Â in particularÂ grainsÂ andÂ grainÂ millingÂ products,Â breadÂ andÂ fineÂ bakeryÂ wares,Â madeÂ theÂ largest contributionÂ toÂ theÂ estimatedÂ zearalenoneÂ exposure.Â VegetableÂ oilsÂ alsoÂ madeÂ anÂ important contribution to the zearalenone exposure. The mycotoxins that usually co-occur with zearalenone do not have oestrogenic effects. Combined effects of zearalenone and other mycotoxins are not expected toÂ ariseÂ inÂ humansÂ atÂ dietaryÂ exposuresÂ belowÂ theÂ respectiveÂ health-basedÂ guidanceÂ valuesÂ ofÂ the individualÂ toxins.Â TheÂ possibleÂ impactÂ ofÂ combinedÂ exposureÂ toÂ zearalenoneÂ withÂ otherÂ oestrogenic substances in food or the environment could be additive or antagonistic.
Factors Influencing Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary Attack Degree in Potato
Authors: IEDERAN Cristian , OROIAN Ioan , BRASOVEAN Ioan , TODORAN Camelia , MÄ‚LINAȘ Cristian 
Published: December 2021

The strong relationship between the late blight and climatic factors (namely temperature and rainfall)Â hasÂ importantÂ consequencesÂ onÂ potatoÂ crops.Â InÂ Romania,Â inÂ earlyÂ springÂ andÂ earlyÂ fallÂ the attackÂ degreeÂ ofÂ theÂ Phytophthora infestansÂ Mont.Â deÂ Bary,Â lateÂ blightÂ pathogen,Â isÂ lowÂ becauseÂ in EuropeanÂ climateÂ averageÂ temperatureÂ isÂ notÂ moreÂ thanÂ 10 0C,Â andÂ usuallyÂ theÂ rainfallÂ supplyÂ is reduced;Â itÂ increasesÂ inÂ lateÂ springÂ andÂ summerÂ whenÂ averageÂ temperaturesÂ areÂ aroundÂ 20 0CÂ and rainfall average more that 65 mm/month. The aim of this paper is to describe the relationship between temperature, rainfall regimen and late blight attack degree in potato cultures. The research was carried onÂ duringÂ twoÂ years,Â 2009Â andÂ 2010,Â inÂ threeÂ experimentalÂ fieldsÂ fromÂ Transylvania:Â RÄƒhÄƒu,Â Alba; Maieru,Â BistriÅ£a-NÄƒsÄƒud;Â Draguș,Â Brașov.Â ClassicalÂ methodologyÂ wasÂ usedÂ forÂ monitoring.Â TheÂ data were statistically processed using STATISTICAÂ v. 7.0 programme. The interrelation attack degree - abioticÂ factorsÂ reflectsÂ aÂ maximumÂ intensityÂ ofÂ the Phytophthora infestansÂ Mont.Â deÂ BaryÂ attack degree by the entire year 2009 around 42 % recorded when the rainfall average values begin with 110 mmÂ andÂ thermicÂ conditionsÂ correspondentÂ toÂ valuesÂ biggerÂ thanÂ 20 0C.Â InÂ theÂ yearÂ 2010Â the multiregressionÂ analyzeÂ ofÂ theÂ monitoredÂ interactions,Â ledÂ toÂ aÂ veryÂ strongÂ multipleÂ correlation coefficientÂ ofÂ 0.938Â representativeÂ inÂ shareÂ ofÂ 87.90%.Â InÂ 2010,Â byÂ theÂ entireÂ monitoredÂ period,Â the rainfall supply had a bigger influence on the attack degree compared to thermic conditions. In 2009, the predicted biggest recorded attack degree of Phytophthora infestans de Bary was of 44% while in 2010 it was of 40 %, correspondent to rainfall and temperature regimens.