bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Nutritional Index Is a Better Predictor of Perioperative Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Femoral Fractures: a Retrospective Study
Authors: He Miao , Fan Qinghong , Zhu Yuhang , Liu Dexing , Liu Xingxing , Xu Shan , Peng Jiachen , Zhu Zhaoqiong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Surgery is usually the best treatment for patients with femoral fractures. However, the incidence of perioperative adverse outcomes in such cases is quite high. Nutrition has a major influence on fracture healing, and malnutrition is associated with higher complication rates, higher mortality rates, and longer hospitalisation periods. In this study, we aimed to identify independent risk factors and assess the predictive value of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) for perioperative adverse outcomes in patients with femoral fractures. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 343 patients who underwent surgery for a single femur fracture at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University in 2018. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to identify significant independent risk factors. The discriminatory ability of independent predictors was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and DeLong's test was used to compare the area under the curve (AUC). Results: In total, 159 patients (46.4%) had perioperative adverse outcomes. PNI (OR: 0.819, 95% CI: 0.754–0.889, P < 0.001), age (OR: 1.042, 95% CI: 1.020–1.066, P < 0.001), time to admission (OR: 1.404, 95% CI: 1.117–1.765, P = 0.004), hypertension (OR: 1.912, 95% CI: 1.049–3.488, P = 0.034), combined injures (OR: 2.739, 95% CI: 1.338–5.607, P = 0.006), and operation types (OR: 3.696, 95% CI: 1.913–7.138, P < 0.001) were independent factors for perioperative adverse outcomes. Based on the AUC (PNI: 0.772, 95% CI: 0.723–0.821, P < 0.001; age: 0.678, 95% CI: 0.622–0.734, P < 0.001; time to admission: 0.585, 95% CI: 0.525–0.646, P = 0.006), the PNI had the optimal discrimination ability, indicating its superiority over other independent predictors (age vs. PNI, P = 0.002; time to admission vs. PNI, P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that the PNI was a better and effective independent predictor of perioperative adverse outcomes in patients with femoral fractures. Our findings suggest that nutritional assessment at admission and appropriate intervention strategies are necessary for patients with femoral fractures.
Hypothyroidism Alleviates Cerebral Infarction but Exacerbates Blood-brain Barrier Disruption Following Transient Ischemic Stroke in Rats
Authors: keshavarz somaye , Dehghani Gholam Abbas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hypothyroidism is both a risk factor for stroke by disrupting fat metabolism and increasing atherosclerosis also a potential protective factor against its injuries. Hypothyroidism can influence the function of cerebral vessels such that BBB disruption is a reported complication of untreated hypothyroidism. The effects of hypothyroidism on cerebral vascular function in normal condition and following the ischemia-reperfusion is investigated in this study. Two groups of control euthyroid (CN) and hypothyroid (HPO) rats were studied. Hypothyroidism was induced by feeding methazole dissolved in drinking water (0.025 g/100 ml) for 4 weeks. After ensuring the hypothyroidism induction, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was induced by MCAO. Following the reperfusion period, neuromotor dysfunction were evaluated and after removal of the brain, the volume of the infarct area was studied by the TTC staining and the BBB destruction was evaluated by the Evans Blue (EB) extravasation technique. Treatment with methimazole significantly reduced the levels of thyroid hormones (T3:198±4 vs.73±3µg/dl and T4: 3.08±0.07 vs.1.03±0.04µg/dl) in HPO. Furthermore, many clinical signs of hypothyroidism were developed in this group of animals. Hypothyroidism was associated with increased cerebral vascular permeability under non-ischemic conditions and exacerbation of BBB destruction after ischemia. However, neuromotor disorders and infarct volume were lower in hypothyroid animals than in euthyroid animals. Hypothyroidism has dual effects on ischemia-induced cerebrovascular damages. Aggravation of BBB destruction and alleviation of neuronal death following the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion are two converse effects of hypothyroidism. To clarify the exact mechanisms by which hypothyroidism causes these effects more investigations is required.
Noise Evaluation in oil and gas Fields and associated risk assessment
Authors: Alzmzam Wahid Salem , Alfaghi Walid Bashir 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work investigates the level of noise in oil and gas fields and its impact on the health of the operators, visitors, and trainees, as well as controlling noise within acceptable levels in the workplace by proper measurement. Risk assessment is done to identify the associated hazards of particular activities or tasks in the fields. Sulfur recovery unit (SRU) at a gas processing complex is the case study which consists of three production plants.Many master points were randomly selected, where workers are present. Therefore, in order to sufficiently measure the level of noise, the measurement of the noise level was performed in different periods of time within the years 2014-2017 and was compared with OSHA limits. Results show that most of the gathered noise field data were beyond the permissive limits of OSHA (85 dB). Ishikawa Diagram depicts the analysis of cause and effect of over limits readings which are rotating machines, maintenance activities, steam leakages, fluid flow, and gas flaring.Finally, the risk assessment presents that such workplaces may present a high noise risk score that could harm the workers.
Characterization of Genotype–Phenotype Correlation With MORC2 Mutated Axonal Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease in a Cohort of Chinese Patients
Authors: Duan Xiaohui , Liu Xiaoxuan , Wang Guochun , Gu Weihong , Xu Min , Hao Ying , Dong Mingrui , Sun Qing , Sun Shaojie , Chen Yuanyuan , Wang Wei , Li Jing , Zhang Yuting , Cao Zhenhua , Fan Dongsheng , Wang Renbin , Da Yuwei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective Charcot –Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease is an exciting field of study, with a growing number of causal genes and an expanding phenotypic spectrum. The microrchidia family CW-type zinc finger 2 gene (MORC2) was newly identified as a causative gene of CMT2Z in 2016. We aimed to describe the phenotypic-genetic spectrum of MORC2-related diseases in the Chinese population. Methods With the use of Sanger sequencing and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies, we screened a cohort of 284 unrelated Chinese CMT2 families. Pathogenicity assessments of MORC2 variants were interpreted according to the ACMG guidelines. Potential pathogenic variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Results We identified 4 different heterozygous MORC2 mutations in four unrelated families, accounting for 1.4% (4/284). A novel mutation c.1397A>G p. D466G was detected in family 1, all affected patients presented with later onset axonal CMT with hyperCKemia. The patient in family 2 showed a spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)-like disease with cerebellar hypoplasia and mental retardation, with a hot spot de novo mutation c.260C>T p. S87L. The twin sisters in family 3 were identified with the most common mutation c.754C>T p. R252W, suffered from axonal motor neuropathy with high variability in disease severity and duration. The patient in family 4 developed an early onset axonal motor and sensory neuropathy, with a reported mutation c.1220G>A p.C407Y. All identified mutations associated with MORC2-related neuropathies are localized in the N-terminal ATPase module.Conclusions Our study confirmed that MORC2-related neuropathies exist in the Chinese population, as a relatively high mutation rate. We revealed a complex genotype-phenotype correlation with MORC2 mutations. This report adds a new piece to the puzzle of the genetics of CMT and contributes to a better understanding of the disease mechanisms.
Prediction of Accuracy and Screw Size by Pedicle Anatomic Parameters and Screws in Idiopathic Scoliosis With Freehand Screw Placement Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Dong Qiyuan , Huang Zhou , Sun Yidan , Zeng Yan , Chen Zhongqiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Study Design: A retrospective study.Objective: To investigate a machine learning algorithm to explore the influence of pedicle morphological parameters and pedicle screw size on safe screw placement in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis with freehand. And a model was built to guide the selection of screwMethods: We analyzed 52 patients with idiopathic scoliosis who underwent correction surgery in our hospital from June 2012 to December 2019, including 17 males and 35 females aged 10-20 years. All pedicle screws were placed by freehand. Preoperative and postoperative X-ray and CT scans of whole spine were performed to measure Cobb Angle and pedicle morphological parameters, including transverse diameter of the pedicle, sagittal diameter of the pedicle, length of the pedicle channel, rotation angle of vertebrae, angle of the sagittal plane of pedicle and angle of the horizontal plane of pedicle. Screw penetration grading was also evaluated. Random forest were used to build a machine learning model to help the decision making of choosing an appropriate screw based on pedicle parameters and screw size.Results: A total of 888 screws and pedicles were included. The satisfactory rate of screw placement was 88.5%. The pedicle screw size was analyzed and predicted based on screw penetration and pedicle morphological parameters. The AUROC of random forest classification model achieved 0.712. The goodness of fit(R2) was 0.546.Conclusion: Our model could provide guidance for the doctor to choose the length of the screw before surgery, and the classification model could also give a preliminary prediction of whether there would be anterior screw penetration based on the pedicle parameters.
RNF125&nbsp;Modulates Tumor Immunity by Promoting Ubiquitination of PD-L1
Authors: Peng Yumeng , Yang Huan , Li Zihui , Li Huilong , Qiu Xiaolin , Wei Meng , Chen Zhiwei , Tang Zhihong , Wei Tao , Wang Xiaobo , Bai Tao , Wei Congwen , Wu Feixiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of tumors has been increasing, and the overall cure rate by traditional treatment methods does not exceed 20%. One of the most effective and promising strategies for comprehensive treatment of tumors is immunotherapy, such as treatment with the PD-1/PD-L1 antibody. Here, we showed that ring finger protein 125 (RNF125), an E3 ligase in the RING domain family, could interact with PD-L1 to reduce the stability of PD-L1 protein. In addition, RNF125 downregulated the expression of PD-L1 by promoting its ubiquitination at K48, whereas a mutation in the RING domain of RNF125 disrupted this function. A significant positive correlation between RNF125 and genes involved with tumor immunity was determined in cancer samples, as determined using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Furthermore, we elucidated the effects of RNF125 on the occurrence and development of tumors in mice. Analyses of wild-type and RNF125 knockout mice transplanted with MC-38 cells revealed enhanced MC-38 tumor growth in KO mice. These data indicated that RNF125 could participate in tumor immunity by promoting the K48-linked ubiquitination of PD-L1 to affect the occurrence and development of tumors, providing a potential target for enhancing therapeutic efficacy for human cancer treatment.
Trends in Childhood Viable Pregnancy and Risk of Stillbirth in the United States
Authors: Ibrahimi Sahra , Dongarwar Deepa , Yusuf Korede K. , Maiyegun Sitratullah Olawunmi , Salihu Hamisu M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess trends in childhood viable pregnancy over the previous three decades as well as the risk of stillbirth in these highly vulnerable child mothers. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study that used Birth datasets, Fetal Death datasets, and the US population census data: 1982-2017. To assess the association between various socio-demographic and maternal comorbidities and stillbirth, we generated adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) from Cox Proportional Hazards Regression models. Overall, there were declines in the stillbirth rates in both teens (15-19 years old) and child mothers aged ≤ 14 years, but the rate remained consistently higher among child mothers. Compared to teen mothers, childhood pregnancy was modestly associated with elevated risk for stillbirth. Childhood pregnancy is a risk factor for stillbirth. These findings further underscore the need for sustained efforts and policies to prevent pregnancies in the early years of reproductive development.
Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Genetic Architecture of Septoria Tritici Blotch Resistance in a Historic Landrace Collection
Authors: Dutta Anik , Croll Daniel , McDonald Bruce A. , Krattinger Simon G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, is a major constraint in global wheat production. The lack of genetic diversity in modern elite wheat cultivars largely hinders the improvement of STB resistance. Wheat landraces are reservoirs of untapped genetic diversity, which can be exploited to find novel STB resistance genes or alleles. Here, we characterized 188 Swiss wheat landraces for resistance to STB using four Swiss Z. tritici isolates. We used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic variants associated with the amount of lesion and pycnidia production by the fungus. The majority of the landraces were highly resistant for both traits to the isolate 1E4, indicating a gene-for-gene relationship, while higher phenotypic variability was observed against other isolates. GWAS detected a significant SNP on chromosome 3A that was associated with both traits in the isolate 1E4. The resistance response against 1E4 was likely controlled by the Stb6 gene. Sanger sequencing revealed that the majority of these ~100-year-old landraces carry the Stb6 resistance allele. This indicates the importance of this gene in Switzerland during the early 1900s for disease control in the field. Our study demonstrates the importance of characterizing historic landrace collections for STB resistance to provide valuable information on resistance variability and contributing alleles. This will help breeders in the future to make decisions on integrating such germplasms in STB resistance breeding.
Interleukin 1 Beta Is Associated With Depression in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Aguilar-Talamantes Hugo , Islas-Hernandez Azul , Rodriguez-Castañeda Aleida , Bertado-Cortes Brenda , Corlay-Noriega Irma , Garcia-delaTorre Paola 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Depressive and anxiety symptoms occur more frequently in chronic encephalomyelitis. Inflammatory diseases are highly associated with psychiatric comorbidities, which has been well established in Multiple Sclerosis. However, no biomarkers have been found with the capacity to discern between MS and depression. Thirty-six individuals with a diagnosis of MS according to the revised McDonald criteria, were recruited from an outpatient Neurology and Psychiatry from the medical unit of high specialty in Mexico. We measured the association between BDNF, IL-1β, and TNFα in serum with the presence of depression and anxiety using the semi-structured psychiatric interview, the Beck Depression Inventory (IDB), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). This was a cross-sectional study. The Logistic Regression was used for the multivariate analysis adjusted by the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS). With a power of 0.75 in the final model, patients with multiple sclerosis, depression, and anxiety obtained the highest values of IL-1 β in our study.
Spirometry Alteration Due to Exposure to Atmospheric Pollutants in Rural Homes in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Piracón John Alexander Benavides , Vallejo Leonel Alexander Martínez , Cortés Mónica Alejandra Quintana , Vasquez Yenny Alejandra , Achury Nancy Jeanet Molina , Cerón Luis Carlos Belalcázar , Hernández Mario Andrés 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the association between the concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO) and black carbon (BC) within the home and alterations in respiratory function in a population living in rural dwellings in the districts of Usme and Sumapaz in Bogotá, Colombia. Cross-sectional study that recruited people from the rural area of Bogotá. In total, 68 participants were recruited by non-random sampling. Indoor air monitoring of PM2.5, BC and CO were carried out. Additionally, a pulmonary function evaluation was performed using spirometry. Pulmonary function variables were included in a multiple linear regression by successive steps, adjusted in terms of the main variables described as modifiers of the values in spirometry, these are: age, height, sex and history of tobacco use. Assumptions of multicollinearity and randomization of variances in the residuals were evaluated. Negative associations were found between spirometry parameters and the concentration of indoor air pollutants. For FEV1 / FVC and theoretical FEV1 there was a statistically significant association with the concentration of carbon monoxide (p = 0.003 and 0.019). Environmental concentrations were higher in homes where biomass is used for cooking these differences were only statistically significant for BC and CO (p = 0.008 and 0.03 respectively). Carbon monoxide concentrations in rural homes caused alterations in respiratory function.
BuyangHuanwu Decoction Inhibits LPS-induced Inflammation in BV2 Microglial Cells by NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway BYHWD Inhibits LPS-induced Inflammation in BV2 Cells
Authors: PENG Zhuang , PENG Sha , SHI Zhe , Luo Lin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Neuroinflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological and cerebrovascular diseases. Recently, microglia has become a promising target to treat neuroinflammation-related diseases. BuyangHuanwu Decoction (BYHWD), a traditional Chinese medicine recipe, is a representative prescription for the treatment of neuroinflammation, showed great therapeutic potential in neuroinflammation-related cerebrovascular disorders including cerebral ischemia. However, it’s a possible mechanism of action remains unclear. Methods: In the present research, we studied the therapeutic effects of BYHWD on LPS-induced inflammatory response in BV2 microglia cells. The inflammatory cytokines include IL-6、TNF-α、NO were detected by the commercial kit. The inflammatory-related protein was measured by western blot and immunofluorescence.Results: Our findings showed that BYHWD could significantly reverse LPS-induced morphological changes in BV2 microglial and inhibits the local synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and free radical via directly regulating NF-κB activity and inflammasome assembly. Our data showed that BYHWT inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-6, and NO production, Also can inhibit iNOS protein expression and the activation of NF-κB according to inhibit NLRP3 activation.Conclusions: In conclusion, our results demonstrated that BYHWD is a potential candidate for treating neuroinflammation-related diseases. Certainly, more comprehensive researches on the precise mechanism of action of BYHWD in cerebrovascular disease is required in future vivo studies.
Improved Permeate Flux and Rejection of Ultrafiltration Membranes Prepared From Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottle Waste
Authors: Kusumocahyo Samuel P , Ambani Syarifa K. , Marceline Shelly 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ultrafiltration membranes were prepared using two different sources of polymer material, namely PET bottle waste and PET resin. The membrane prepared from PET bottle waste and that prepared from PET resin showed similar membrane characteristics such as IR spectra, morphology, hydrophilicity and porosity, indicating that instead of using PET resin, PET bottle waste can be utilized as a source of the polymer material to fabricate low-cost membranes. The morphology, hydrophilicity and porosity of the membranes were strongly affected by the additive concentration. The analysis of the membrane morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the membranes had an asymmetric structure that consists of a macroporous cross section and a smooth active layer. Increasing the additive concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) resulted in a smaller pore size, however the hydrophilicity and the porosity of the membranes increased. As a result, the membranes showed an increase in both permeate flux and rejection with increasing concentration of PEG 400 as observed from the results of the ultrafiltration experiments. Using Bovine Serum Albumin as a solute model in the feed, high values of rejection of up to 93.9 % were achieved.
Caecal Microbiota Composition of Experimental Laying Hens Differs According to Genetic Line and Vaccination to IBV
Authors: Borey Marion , Bed'Hom Bertrand , Bruneau Nicolas , Estellé Jordi , Larsen Frederik , Dalgaard Tina , Calenge Fanny 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundInteractions between the gut microbiota and the immune system may be involved in the vaccine response. In the present study, we studied the correlations between caecal microbiota composition and the immune response in six experimental laying hen lines harboring different haplotypes at the Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC), 7 weeks after their first vaccination against the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Two lines were previously considered as high responders (HR) to IBV vaccination and two other ones as low responders (LR). We explored to what extent the gut microbiota could be related to this variability through the characterization of caecal bacterial communities with a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach, one week after an IBV infectious challenge. ResultsWe observed significant effects of both the vaccination and the genetic line on the microbiota, with lower bacterial richness in vaccinated chickens, especially in the Ruminococcaceae family. We also observed dissimilar caecal communities among the different MHC lines, and among the vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals. The effect of vaccination was similar in all the lines, with a reduced abundance of OTUs from the Ruminococcacea UCG-014 and Faecalibacterium genera, and an increased abundance of OTUs from the Eisenbergiella genus. The main association between the microbiota and the immune phenotypes implied TCRϒδ expression on TCRϒδ+ T cells, which especially shared negative associations with OTUs from the Escherichia-Shigella genus. Finally, opposing the HR and LR groups, we identified 3 OTUs more abundant in the HR group, from the Tyzzeralla family, the Angelakisella genus, and to a lower extent the Flavonifractor family. Conversely, an OTU from the CAG-352 genus was more abundant in the LR group. ConclusionsWe assessed that the caecal microbiota composition is associated with the IBV vaccine response in laying chickens, and that TCRϒδ expression on TCRϒδ+ T cells appears as one of the main components potentially involved in this interaction.