bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How paediatric departments in Sweden facilitate giving children a voice on their experiences of healthcare: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Nordlind Anna , Sundqvist Ann‐Sofie , Anderzén‐Carlsson Agneta , Almblad Ann‐Charlotte , Ängeby Karin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn January 2020, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child was incorporated into Swedish law. According to Swedish regulations, patients are to be given the opportunity to participate in quality improvement. Sometimes, the patients are children who have the right to be heard on matters concerning them, such as their experience of a hospital visit.ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe how Swedish paediatric departments facilitate children's voices on their healthcare experiences and how their perspectives are taken into account in quality improvement work.MethodsThis study has a descriptive cross‐sectional design. Data were collected using a study‐specific survey sent by e‐mail to all the heads of the paediatric departments in Sweden, with both inpatient and outpatient care. The response rate was 74% (28 of 38 departments).ResultsThe results demonstrated a variation in questionnaires used and to whom they were targeted; less than half of the participating departments reported having had questionnaires aimed at children. The results also indicated a major variation in other working methods used to allow children to voice their experiences in Swedish paediatric departments. The results indicate that the national co‐ordination in facilitating the children's rights to be heard on their experiences in healthcare organisations can be improved.ConclusionFurther research is required to ascertain which method is the most practically effective in paediatric departments, in what way children prefer to be heard regarding their experience of and perspectives on healthcare, and what questions need to be asked. A validated national patient‐reported experience measure developed with and aimed at children could provide them with equal opportunities to voice their experiences in healthcare, regardless of their diagnoses or which paediatric department they visit.
Novel insights into pivotal risk factors for rectal carriage of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing enterobacterales within the general population in Lower Saxony, Germany
Authors: Symanzik Cara , Hillenbrand Jacqueline , Stasielowicz Lukasz , Greie Jörg-Christian , Friedrich Alex W. , Pulz Matthias , John Swen Malte , Esser Jutta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
To estimate the prevalence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacterales (ESBL-E) carriage in the general population of Lower Saxony, Germany, and to identify risk factors for being colonized.

Methods and Results
Participants were recruited through local press and information events. Detection of ESBL-E by culture was conducted using ESBL-selective chromagar plates containing third-generation cephalosporins. Identification of pathogens was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF)_technology on Vitek mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted by microdilution (Vitek II) and an ESBL confirmation assay was carried out using a combination disk test. Of 527 randomly collected stool samples from healthy volunteers, 5.5% were tested positive for ESBL-E. Post-stratification for age and gender yielded a similar population estimate (5.9%). People traveling abroad and taking antibiotics had the greatest rectal ESBL-E carriage.

Conclusions
Potential risk factors (eg, working in healthcare facilities, recent inpatient stay) did not attribute to rectal ESBL-E carriage as other factors (eg, travelling, taking antibiotics). Rectal ESBL-E carriage within the general population seems to be high.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The known risk factors for carriage with MDRO might not be fully applicable to ESBL-E and require further examination in order to develop effective strategies for the prevention of ESBL-E dissemination within the general population.
PD‐1 inhibitor therapy of basal cell carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis
Authors: Johansson I. , Levin M. , Akyürek L.M. , Olofsson Bagge R. , Ny L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) may be challenging to differentiate from basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (bSCC), both clinically and histologically. BCC constitutes one of the most common tumours and metastatic behaviour is extremely rare. In contrast, bSCC is a rare entity with an increased propensity for distant metastasis. If these conditions develop into inoperable metastatic disease, the therapeutic alternatives are different, but the use of PD‐1 inhibitors may be a valid option for both. Here, we report a case with complex histology with a component initially classified as bSCC with lung metastases and treated with the PD‐1 inhibitor cemiplimab resulting in radiological and clinical responses. Re‐examination of the lung biopsy using routine histomorphology in combination with immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 14, cytokeratin17 and BerEp4 has, however, revealed a histopathological pattern of BCC, which is in concordance with a similar analysis of the cutaneous primary tumour in the face that the patient underwent surgery for more than 5 years earlier.
Overview of guideline recommendations for the management of high‐risk and advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Dessinioti C. , Stratigos A.J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer. National and international associations have issued evidence‐ and consensus‐based guidelines to offer clinicians a framework to optimally manage patients with invasive cSCC. Current updated guidelines regarding the recommendations on the management of patients with high‐risk and advanced cSCC include EDF/EADO (European) Guidelines 2020, US National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines 2021, American Academy of Dermatology guidelines 2018, British Association of Dermatology guidelines 2020 and German guidelines 2020. This review presents the guideline recommendations on the definition of high‐risk and advanced cSCC, surgical treatment and safety margins, definitive and adjuvant radiotherapy and systemic treatments. The recommendations across guidelines may converge, diverge or in some cases not be able to provide a recommendation, highlighting open questions to be answered by future studies.
Advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head in two renal transplanted patients treated with cemiplimab
Authors: Orte Cano C. , Van Meerhaeghe T. , Tannous J. , Lienard D. , Van Gestel D. , Cuylits N. , Luce S. , Carlot S. , Le Moine A. , Aspeslagh S. , del Marmol V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is well known that organ transplant recipients are prone to develop non‐melanoma skin cancers, particularly cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). This is explained by the long‐term use of immunosuppressants and thus the decrease of the immunosurveillance that protects from developing malignant tumours. Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are 65–250 times more likely to develop cSCC compared to the general population (Am J Transplant 2017; 17: 2509). Moreover, in these patients cSCCs follow a more aggressive course. Close follow‐up and regular skin check‐ups by a dermatologist are, therefore, crucial in the management of these patients. When detected early, cSCC can be easily and effectively treated by a simple excision. However, when advanced, outcomes are poor. Immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) have been recently added to our arsenal and represent a breakthrough, having proved to be effective in achieving long‐term responses. We, hereby, present two cases of difficult‐to‐treat cSCCs in renal transplanted patients.
Experiences of how brief admission influences daily life functioning among individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and self‐harming behaviour
Authors: Enoksson Maria , Hultsjö Sally , Wärdig Rikard Erik , Strömberg Sandra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to explore experiences of how brief admission influences daily life functioning among individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and self‐harming behaviour.BackgroundBrief admission (BA) is a crisis nursing intervention designed to reduce long hospitalisations and the risk of suicide. The intention of the intervention is to develop autonomy and to encourage the patient to take responsibility for and control over their own care and treatment. There are studies in the area that target individuals with psychosis and bipolar disorders, but no previous studies have been found examining how BA impacts upon daily life functioning among people with BPD who self‐harm.DesignA descriptive qualitative design was chosen.MethodsData were collected using qualitative individual interviews with 16 patients with BPD and self‐harming behaviour who had been assigned to BA. The data were analysed using conventional content analysis. The study was conducted in accordance with COREQ guidelines.ResultsThe results show that BA was perceived as a functioning nursing intervention that promoted self‐determination and self‐care. This contributed to increased security in daily life. BA made it possible for individuals to maintain everyday routines, employment and relationships more easily.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that BA was experienced to have a positive impact on daily life functioning.Relevance to clinical practiceBrief admission enabled the balance of power to be shifted from the nurse to the patient, and provides conditions for patients to take responsibility for their mental condition and to become aware of early signs of deterioration, in line with the basic ideas of person‐centred care.
Neoclassical stability and Keynesian instability: A two‐sector disequilibrium approach
Authors: Ogawa Shogo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, we construct a simple disequilibrium growth model to explore the dynamic property of effective demand. This study’s main concern is the effect of the quantity constraint: How do the quantities of consumption and investment goods demand and the productive capacity affect capital accumulation? To answer this, we build a two‐sector growth model with quantity constraints. Our model has multiple steady states in classical (supply‐led) regime and Keynesian (demand‐led) regime. The former is locally stable, but the latter is unstable. The instability of Keynesian steady state is amplified by the multiplier effect and shows how deep depression occurs.
Evolutionary flexibility in routes to mat formation by Pseudomonas
Authors: Mukherjee Anuradha , Dechow‐Seligmann Gunda , Gallie Jenna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany bacteria form mats at the air‐liquid interface of static microcosms. These structures typically involve the secretion of exopolysaccharides, the production of which is often controlled by the secondary messenger c‐di‐GMP. Mechanisms of mat formation have been particularly well characterized in Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25; stimuli or mutations that increase c‐di‐GMP production by diguanylate cyclases (WspR, AwsR, and MwsR) result in the secretion of cellulose and mat formation. Here, we characterize and compare mat formation in two close relatives of SBW25: Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 and P. fluorescens A506. We find that PICF7—the strain more closely related to SBW25—can form mats through mutations affecting the activity of the same three diguanylate cyclases as SBW25. However, instead of cellulose, these mutations activate production of the exopolysaccharide Pel. We also provide evidence for at least two further—as yet uncharacterized—routes to mat formation by PICF7. P. fluorescens A506, while retaining the same mutational routes to mat formation as SBW25 and PICF7, preferentially forms mats by a semi‐heritable mechanism that culminates in Psl and Pga over‐production. Our results demonstrate a high level of evolutionary flexibility in the molecular and structural routes to mat formation, even among close relatives.
Critically ill patients with severe infections related toGeotrichumspecies: A French retrospective multicentre study
Authors: Valade Sandrine , Picard Muriel , Mokart Djamel , Calvet Laure , Bruneel Fabrice , de Montmollin Etienne , Aissaoui Nadia , Champigneulle Benoit , Bigé Naike , Boissier Florence , Pène Frédéric , Mayaux Julien , Argaud Laurent , Moreau Anne Sophie , Murgier Martin , Azoulay Elie , Darmon Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesGeotrichumspp can be responsible for severe infections in immunocompromised patients. We aim to describeGeotrichum‐related infections in the ICU and to assess risk factors of mortality.MethodsRetrospective multicentre study, conducted in 14 French ICUs between 2002 and 2018, including critically ill adult patients with proven or probable infection related toGeotrichumspecies. Data were obtained from the medical charts.ResultsThirty‐six patients, median age 60 years IQR [53; 66] were included. Most of the patients had haematological malignancies (78%). The reason for ICU admission was shock in half of the patients (n = 19, 53%) and respiratory failure in thirteen patients (36%). Median SOFA score was 8.5 IQR [7; 15]. Time between ICU admission and fungal diagnosis was 2.5 days [−1; 4]. Infection was disseminated in 27 (75%) patients with positive blood cultures in 25 patients (69%). Thirty patients (83%) received curative antifungal treatment in the ICU, in a median time of 1 day [0;1] after ICU admission. Twenty‐four patients (67%) died in the ICU and hospital mortality rate was 69%. The number and extent of organ failures, as represented by SOFA score, were associated with mortality.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates poor outcome in critically ill patients withGeotrichum‐related infections, which encourages a high level of suspicion.
The role of mood state and emotion regulation in the discrepancy between gastrointestinal symptom burden recorded prospectively and via recall questionnaire
Authors: Jones Michael P. , Yun Grace , Wass Fiona , Rixon Hayley , Shah Ayesha , Walker Marjorie M. , Koloski Natasha A. , Holtmann Gerald , Talley Nicholas J. , Beath Alissa P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited empirical evidence of the magnitude of the discrepancy between prospectively recorded gastrointestinal symptom burden and that reported in recall questionnaires. Further, potential sources of the discrepancy are largely unknown. This study sought to quantify the discrepancy and to evaluate the potential role of mood disorder and emotion regulation in the discrepancy.MethodsOne hundred and forty nine subjects (mean age 20 years, 75% female) who met Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome and/or functional dyspepsia completed a 7‐day prospective recording of the symptoms on a smartphone implemented ecological momentary assessment app, and then on day 8 were asked to recall their symptoms for the preceding 7 days.Key ResultsGastrointestinal symptom burden assessed by recall was exaggerated relative to that recorded prospectively. The discrepancy was moderate for overall score (Cohen d = 0.52), abdominal pain (d = 0.61) and indigestion (d = 0.49). The discrepancy was generally larger among subjects who reported a physician diagnosis of a gastrointestinal condition with d = 0.87 for overall score and d = 0.89 for abdominal pain. A number of correlations between the discrepancy and psychological traits were identified, including neuroticism with diarrhea discrepancy (r = 0.23, p = 0.004) and visceral‐specific anxiety with abdominal pain discrepancy (r = −0.18, p = 0.03). There was no evidence of recency or Hawthorne (observer) effects.Conclusions and InferencesReports of gastrointestinal symptoms obtained via recall are likely to be exaggerated relative to the actual patient experience, particularly among healthcare seekers. While psychological traits are likely to play some role, much more needs to be understood about the discrepancy.
Provenancing kauri: Reconstructing the supply of kauri timber into Auckland city, 1850–1889
Authors: Boswijk Gretel , Fowler Anthony 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe 4500‐year kauri (Agathis australis) chronology includes ring width data from subfossil remains, 19th‐century building timbers and live kauri trees. It was assumed that the building timber data set represented a similar geographic spread to modern kauri sites but that assumption has not been tested empirically by provenancing kauri timber to the source region. To support provenancing, timber import patterns into Auckland between 1850 and 1889 CE were reconstructed, demonstrating that the archaeological assemblage is likely biased to west and east Auckland and the Coromandel Peninsula, particularly the east side. Improved understanding of kauri timber provenance informs future use of the data set for climate and environmental studies.
Pandemic Shocks and Household Spending*
Authors: Finck David , Tillmann Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study the response of daily household spending to the surprise number of fatalities of the COVID‐19 pandemic, which we label as a pandemic shock. Based on daily forecasts of the number of fatalities, we construct the surprise component as the difference between the actual and the expected number of deaths. We allow for state‐dependent effects of the shock depending on the position on the curve of infections. Spending falls after the shock and is particularly sensitive to the shock when the number of new infections is strongly increasing. If the number of infections grows moderately, the drop in spending is smaller. We also estimate the effect of the shock across income quartiles. In each state, low‐income households exhibit a significantly larger drop in consumption than high‐income households. Thus, consumption inequality increases after a pandemic shock. Our results hold for the US economy and the key US states. The findings remain unchanged if we choose alternative state‐variables to separate regimes.
Significance of root hairs in developing stress‐resilient plants for sustainable crop production
Authors: Kohli Pawandeep S. , Maurya Kanika , Thakur Jitendra K. , Bhosale Rahul , Giri Jitender 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRoot hairs represent a beneficial agronomic trait to potentially reduce fertilizer and irrigation inputs. Over the past decades, research in the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana has provided insights into root hair development, the underlying genetic framework and the integration of environmental cues within this framework. Recent years have seen a paradigm shift, where studies are now highlighting conservation and diversification of root hair developmental programs in other plant species and the agronomic relevance of root hairs in a wider ecological context. In this review, we specifically discuss the molecular evolution of the RSL (RHD Six‐Like) pathway that controls root hair development and growth in land plants. We also discuss how root hairs contribute to plant performance as an active physiological rooting structure by performing resource acquisition, providing anchorage and constructing the rhizosphere with desirable physical, chemical and biological properties. Finally, we outline future research directions that can help achieve the potential of root hairs in developing sustainable agroecosystems.
Nucleus and chloroplast: A necessary understanding to overcome heat stress in Pinus radiata
Authors: Lamelas Laura , Valledor Luis , López‐Hidalgo Cristina , Cañal María Jesús , Meijón Mónica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe recovery and maintenance of plant homeostasis under stressful environments are complex processes involving organelle crosstalk for a coordinated cellular response. Here, we revealed through nuclear and chloroplast subcellular proteomics, biochemical cell profiles and targeted transcriptomics how chloroplasts and nuclei developed their responses under increased temperatures in a long‐lived species (Pinus radiata). Parallel to photosynthetic impairment and reactive oxygen species production in the chloroplast, a DNA damage response was triggered in the nucleus followed by an altered chromatin conformation. In addition, in the nuclei, we found several proteins, such as HEMERA or WHIRLY, which change their locations from the chloroplasts to the nuclei carrying the stress message. Additionally, our data showed a deep rearrangement of RNA metabolism in both organelles, revealing microRNAs and AGO1 as potential regulators of the acclimation mechanisms. Altogether, our study highlights the synchronisation among the different stages required for thermotolerance acquisition in P. radiata, pointing out the role of chromatin conformation and posttranscriptional gene regulation in overcoming heat stress and assuring plant survival for the following years.
Aberrant levels of DNA methylation and H3K9 acetylation in the testicular cells of crossbred cattle–yak showing infertility
Authors: Phakdeedindan Praopilas , Wittayarat Manita , Tharasanit Theerawat , Techakumphu Mongkol , Shimazaki Megumi , Sambuu Rentsenkhand , Hirata Maki , Tanihara Fuminori , Taniguchi Masayasu , Otoi Takeshige , Sato Yoko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough the interspecies hybridization of bovids, such as cattle–yak (Bos taurus × Bos grunniens), has heterosis benefits, the infertility of hybrid males affects the maintenance of dominant traits in subsequent generations. To achieve reproductive capacity, male germ cell development requires coordinated changes in gene expression, including DNA methylation and generalized histone modifications. Although gene expression‐related mechanisms underlying hybrid male sterility have been investigated recently, information on the cell types and stage‐specific controls remains limited. Here, we used immunohistochemistry and image analyses to evaluate the 5‐methylcytosine (5MC) and acetyl‐histone H3 Lys9 (AcK9) expression in all spermatogonia and testicular somatic cell types to determine their roles in cattle–yak spermatogenesis. Testicular tissues from yak (1–3 years old) and backcrossed hybrids (2 years old) were used. In yak, the AcK9 expression levels increased in all cell types during maturation, but the 5MC expression levels did not change until reaching 3 years when they increased in all testicular cell types, except spermatogonia. Cattle–yak hybrids showed higher 5MC expression levels and different AcK9 expression levels in all cell types compared to the same‐aged yak. These results suggested that both gene modulation by AcK9 and constant levels of DNA methylation are required for spermatogenesis during maturation in yak. Therefore, inappropriate expression levels of both AcK9 and DNA methylation might be the major factors for disruption of normal germ cell development in cattle–yak. Additionally, various modulations occurred depending on the cell type. Further experiments are needed to identify the stage‐specific gene expression modulations in each cell type in yak and cattle–yak to potentially solve the infertility issue in crossbreeding.