bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of aerosol–cloud interactions and their implications for precipitation formation using aircraft observations over the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Wehbe Youssef , Tessendorf Sarah A. , Weeks Courtney , Bruintjes Roelof , Xue Lulin , Rasmussen Roy , Lawson Paul , Woods Sarah , Temimi Marouane 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Aerosol and cloud microphysical measurements were
collected by a research aircraft during August 2019 over the United Arab
Emirates (UAE). The majority of scientific flights targeted summertime
convection along the eastern Al Hajar Mountains bordering Oman, while one
flight sampled non-orographic clouds over the western UAE near the Saudi
Arabian border. In this work, we study the evolution of growing cloud
turrets from cloud base (9 ∘C) up to the capping inversion level
(−12 ∘C) using coincident cloud particle imagery and particle
size distributions from cloud cores under different forcing. Results
demonstrate the active role of background dust and pollution as cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN) with the onset of their deliquescence in the
subcloud region. Subcloud aerosol sizes are shown to extend from submicron
to 100 µm sizes, with higher concentrations of ultra-giant CCN
(d>10 µm) from local sources closer to the Saudi border,
compared with the eastern orographic region where smaller CCN are
observed. Despite the presence of ultra-giant CCN from dust and pollution in
both regions, an active collision–coalescence (C–C) process is not observed
within the limited depths of warm cloud (<1000 m). The
state-of-the-art observations presented in this paper can be used to
initialize modeling case studies to examine the influence of aerosols on
cloud and precipitation processes in the region and to better understand the
impacts of hygroscopic cloud seeding on these clouds.
Climatology of ionosphere over Nepal based on GPS total electron content data from 2008 to 2018
Authors: Pandit Drabindra , Ghimire Basudev , Amory-Mazaudier Christine , Fleury Rolland , Chapagain Narayan Prasad , Adhikari Binod 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In this study, we analyse the climatology of ionosphere over Nepal based on
GPS-derived vertical total electron content (VTEC) observed from four stations as defined in Table 1: KKN4 (27.80∘ N, 85.27∘ E), GRHI (27.95∘ N, 82.49∘ E), JMSM (28.80∘ N, 83.74∘ E) and DLPA (28.98∘ N, 82.81∘ E) during the years 2008 to 2018. The study illustrates the diurnal, monthly, annual, seasonal and solar cycle variations in VTEC during all times of solar cycle 24. The results clearly reveal the presence of equinoctial asymmetry in TEC, which is more pronounced in maximum phases of solar cycle in the year 2014 at KKN4 station, followed by descending, ascending and minimum phases. Diurnal variations in VTEC showed the short-lived day minimum which occurs between 05:00 to 06:00 LT (local time) at all the stations considered, with
diurnal peaks between 12:00 and 15:00 LT. The maximum value of
TEC is observed more often during the spring equinox than the autumn equinox, with a few asymmetries. Seasonal variation in TEC is observed to be a manifestation of variations in solar flux, particularly regarding the level of solar flux in consecutive solstices.
Sources and pathways of biocides and their transformation products in urban storm water infrastructure of a 2 ha urban district
Authors: Linke Felicia , Olsson Oliver , Preusser Frank , Kümmerer Klaus , Schnarr Lena , Bork Marcus , Lange Jens 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Biocides used in film protection products leaching from facades are known to be a potential threat to the environment. This study identifies individual sources and entry pathways in a small-scale urban area. We investigate emissions of commonly used biocides (terbutryn, diuron, and octylisothiazolinone – OIT) and some of their transformation products (TPs; diuron-desmethyl, terbumeton, terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy, and terbutryn-desethyl) from a 2 ha residential area 13 years after construction has ended. Sampling utilizes existing urban water infrastructure representative for decentralized storm water management in
central and northern Europe and applies a two-step approach to (a) determine the occurrence of biocides above water quality limits (i.e., predicted no-effect concentration, PNEC) and (b) identify source areas and characterize entry pathways into surface and groundwater. Monitoring focuses on the analysis of selected biocides and TPs by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in water samples taken from facades, rainwater pipes, drainage, and storm water infiltration systems. In standing water in a swale, we found high concentrations of diuron (174 ng L−1) and terbutryn (40 ng L−1) above PNEC for surface water. We confirmed expected sources, i.e., facades. Sampling of rain downpipes from flat roofs identified additional sources of all biocides and two TPs of terbutryn and one TP of diuron. Diuron and terbutryn were found in three drainage pipes representing different entry pathways of biocides. In one drainage pipe collecting road runoff, only diuron-desmethyl and terbutryn-desethyl were detected. In two other drainage pipes collecting infiltrated water through soil, terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy was additionally detected. One of the pipes collecting infiltrated water through soil concentration showed the highest concentrations of terbutryn and two of its TPs (terbutryn-desethyl and terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy). This suggests a high leaching potential of terbutryn. The applied two-step approach determined sources and pathways of biocide and their TPs. This study contributes to expanding knowledge on their entry and distribution and, thus, eventually towards reducing emissions.
Crustal structure of the East African Limpopo margin, a strike-slip rifted corridor along the continental Mozambique Coastal Plain and North Natal Valley
Authors: Evain Mikael , Schnürle Philippe , Leprêtre Angélique , Verrier Fanny , Watremez Louise , Thompson Joseph Offei , de Clarens Philippe , Aslanian Daniel , Moulin Maryline 
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Coincident wide-angle and multi-channel seismic data acquired within the scope of the PAMELA Moz3-5 project allow us to reconsider the formation mechanism of East African margins offshore of southern Mozambique. This study specifically focuses on the sedimentary and deep-crustal architecture of the Limpopo margin (LM) that fringes the eastern edge of the Mozambique’s Coastal Plain (MCP) and its offshore southern prolongation the North Natal Valley (NNV). It relies primarily on the MZ3 profile that runs obliquely from the northeastern NNV towards the Mozambique basin (MB) with additional inputs from a tectonostratigraphy analysis of industrial onshore–offshore seismic lines and nearby or crossing velocity models from companion studies. Over its entire N–S extension the LM appears segmented into (1) a western domain that shows the progressive eastward crustal thinning and termination of the MCP/NNV continental crust and its overlying pre-Neocomian volcano-sedimentary basement and (2) a central corridor of anomalous crust bounded to the east by the Mozambique fracture zone (MFZ) and the oceanic crust of the MB. A prominent basement high marks the boundary between these two domains. Its development was most probably controlled by a steep and deeply rooted fault, i.e., the Limpopo fault. We infer that strike-slip or slightly transtensional rifting occurred along the LM and was accommodated along this Limpopo fault. At depth we propose that ductile shearing was responsible for the thinning of the continental crust and an oceanward flow of lower crustal material. This process was accompanied by intense magmatism that extruded to form the volcanic basement and gave the corridor its peculiar structure and mixed nature. The whole region remained at a relative high level during the rifting period and a shallow marine environment dominated the pre-Neocomian period during the early phase of continent–ocean interaction. It is only some time after break-up in the MB and the initiation of the MFZ that decoupling occurred between the MCP/NNV and the corridor, allowing for the latter to subside and become covered by deep marine sediments. A scenario for the early evolution and formation of the LM is proposed taking into account both recent kinematic and geological constraints. It implies that no or little change in extensional direction occurred between the intra-continental rifting and subsequent phase of continent–ocean interaction.
Aumento da brotação de gemas na macieira cv. Maxi gala com a aplicação sequencial de indutores de brotação
Authors: Petri José Luiz , Sezerino André Amarildo , Fenili Cristhian Leonardo 
Published: August 2021

O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar o efeito da reaplicação dos indutores de brotação na floração, brotação e produção da macieira ‘Maxi Gala’. O experimento foi desenvolvido em pomar experimental localizado no município de Caçador, durante os ciclos de 2016/2017 a 2019/2020. Os tratamentos foram aplicados no estádio B e C e, os com reaplicação, de 7 a 14 dias após a primeira aplicação. Foram realizadas a avaliação da fenologia, brotação de gemas axilares e terminais, frutificação efetiva, produção por planta e massa média dos frutos. Os tratamentos aplicados no estádio B propiciaram um maior adiantamento dos eventos fenológicos em relação às aplicações no estádio C. A brotação das gemas axilares e dos terminais foi maior em todos os tratamentos com indutores de brotação em relação ao tratamento testemunha. Em alguns ciclos, a aplicação sequencial de indutores de brotação aumentou a brotação de gemas axilares e terminais em relação ao tratamento de uma única aplicação. A frutificação efetiva dos tratamentos com aplicação sequencial de indutores de brotação não foi reduzida em relação ao tratamento com uma única aplicação. Alguns tratamentos com reaplicação melhoraram a produtividade das macieiras. Na média, a reaplicação de indutores de brotação aumentou a massa média dos frutos.
THE NATURE AND SPECIFITY OF SUBJECT AND PROFESSIONAL STUDENTS` POTENTIAL ENHANCEMENT DURING THE EDUCATION IN INSTITUTIONS OF RUSSIA MIA
Authors: Тебердиева Ж.И. 
Published: August 2021

В статье рассмотрены основные сущностные характеристики повышения субъектно-профессионального потенциала курсантов в контексте особенностей подготовки в образовательной организации МВД России, особое внимание уделено социокультурному феномену субъектности, наиболее ярко проявляющейся в студенческом возрасте. Рассмотрена сущность социализированности личности в процессе адаптации курсантов к условиям обучения в ведомственном вузе на основе влияния внешних и внутренних факторов воздействия и учета внутри личностных детерминант.
The article describes the main characteristics of enhance subject-professional potential of students in the context of specific training to the educational institutions of the MIA of Russia; special attention to the socio-cultural phenomenon of subjectivity, most evident in the student's age; the essence of social services of personality in the process of adaptation of students to training conditions in the departmental the University on the basis of influence of external and internal factors impact and accounting intrapersonal determinants; special attention is paid to the subjectivity of the individual through its activity, which in the context of improving vocational and subject-building becomes a means in realizing professional and personal potential of students, for building goal-setting, self-awareness, communication, reflection; significant essential characteristic is the development of volitional qualities that contribute to conscious regulation of behavior; value- semantic orientation as the essential characteristics, evidence of increased developmental potential of the educational organization, targeted interest to your existing inclinations, cadets, assessing their systemic properties of the person.
The Queer Utopianism of Myra Breckinridge
Authors: Booth Nathanael Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Though not often discussed as such, Gore Vidal's Myra Breckinridge (1968) is a work of queer utopianism. Myra herself is an entrancing figure—a self-created goddess who is determined to save humanity by abolishing gender itself. That her efforts ultimately fail is a testament to the queerness of her utopianism. Using Lee Edelman's discussion of “reproductive futurism” and José Esteban Muñoz's insights into the queerness of utopianism, this article analyzes the ways in which Myra Breckinridge channels both hopeful and destructive urges as a way of imagining a counter-narrative to the human catastrophe represented by the atomic bomb and the threat of overpopulation.
“The Ones Who Stay and Fight”: N. K. Jemisin's Afrofuturist Variations on a Theme by Ursula K. Le Guin
Authors: Tabone Mark A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article discusses N. K. Jemisin's Afrofuturist utopian short story entitled “The Ones Who Stay and Fight,” the opening story of her 2018 collection, How Long 'Til Black Future Month? As is suggested by its title, Jemisin's story is a direct reply to Ursula K. Le Guin's “The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas,” and this article discusses the ways in which Jemisin, one of the most prominent members of a new generation of SF/Fantasy writers, pays homage to, replies to, and reimagines Le Guin's 1973 story in the twenty-first century. In particular, drawing on utopian scholarship, scholars of Afrofuturism, and the work of African American studies scholar-activists, it argues that Jemisin's utopia builds a world that embodies the “revolution of value” as well as the intersectional Black feminist praxis at the foundation of contemporary activist groups such as Black Lives Matter. It also argues for the ways in which Jemisin's text confronts common criticisms of utopia as well as the limits of the utopian imagination.
МЕДИЧНЕ І ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНЕ ЗАКОНОДАВСТВО: НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я У ФІНЛЯНДІЇ
Authors: Зброжек Світлана 
Published: August 2021

Здійснення професійної практики медичними працівниками безпосередньо пов’язане з реалізацією конституційного права людини і громадянина на охорону здоров’я, медичну допомогу і медичне страхування. Ефективна організація праці медиків є одним з основних факторів, що забезпечують охорону здоров’я населення і, як наслідок, зумовлюють соціальну стабільність у суспільстві. Мета: дослідити нормативно-правове регулювання діяльності працівників охорони здоров’я у Фінляндії з позиції медичного та фармацевтичного законодавства. Для досягнення поставленої мети використовували методи документального, нормативного та графічного методів аналізу. Діяльність працівників охорони здоров’я регулюється спеціальним Законом. Його мета — сприяти безпеці пацієнтів і підвищенню якості послуг охорони здоров’я шляхом забезпечення професійної підготовки та кваліфікації зайнятих в сфері охорони здоров’я осіб.
За професійну підготовку працівників сфери охорони здоров’я відповідає Міністерство освіти і культури. Загальне керівництво персоналом охорони здоров’я здійснює Міністерство соціального забезпечення та охорони здоров’я. Державна контрольно-наглядова служба соціального забезпечення та охорони здоров’я і регіональні управління органів державної влади здійснюють керівництво за діяльністю медичних працівників і нагляд за нею. У числі іншого вони розглядають скарги з приводу медичного догляду. Досліджено нормативно-правове регулювання діяльності працівників охорони здоров’я у Фінляндії з позиції медичного та фармацевтичного законодавства і виявлено, що Конституція Фінляндії не містить законоположень про здоров'я, однак вважається, що суспільство зобов'язано піклуватися про організацію належного медичного обслуговування.
Alterations in brain structure and function in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a multimodal MRI study
Authors: Ma Jie , Wu Jia-Jia , Hua Xu-Yun , Zheng Mou-Xiong , Huo Bei-Bei , Xing Xiang-Xin , Feng Sheng-Yi , Li Bo , Xu Jianguang 
Published: August 2021

Background
Pain, a major symptom of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), is a complex sensory and emotional experience that presents therapeutic challenges. Pain can cause neuroplastic changes at the cortical level, leading to central sensitization and difficulties with curative treatments; however, whether changes in structural and functional plasticity occur in patients with ONFH remains unclear.

Methods
A total of 23 ONFH inpatients who did not undergo surgery (14 males, nine females; aged 55.61 ± 13.79 years) and 20 controls (12 males, eight females; aged 47.25 ± 19.35 years) were enrolled. Functional indices of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and a structural index of tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were calculated for each participant. The probability distribution of fiber direction was determined according to the ALFF results.

Results
ONFH patients demonstrated increased ALFF in the bilateral dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, right medial superior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and right supplementary motor area. In contrast, ONFH patients showed decreased ReHo in the left superior parietal gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus. There were no significant differences in TBSS or probabilistic tractography.

Conclusion
These results indicate cerebral pain processing in ONFH patients. It is advantageous to use functional magnetic resonance imaging to better understand pain pathogenesis and identify new therapeutic targets in ONFH patients.
Effects of drip tape modes on soil hydrothermal conditions and cotton yield (Gossypium hirsutumL.) under machine-harvest patterns
Authors: Wang Dongwang , Wang Zhenhua , Lv Tingbo , Zong Rui , Zhu Yan , Zhang Jinzhu , Wang Tianyu 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe layout of drip tapes under mulch has changed in Xinjiang, China, with the development of machine-harvest cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) planting technology. This study aims to demonstrate the effects of drip tape modes on soil hydrothermal conditions, cotton yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of machine-harvest cotton under mulch in Xinjiang.MethodsA field experiment was conducted to set up two machine-harvest cotton planting patterns (T1: the cotton planting model with one film, two drip tapes and six rows; T2: the cotton planting model with one film, three drip tapes and six rows), and a conventional planting mode (T3: the cotton planting model with one film, two drip tapes and four rows) as a control.ResultsOur results showed that the heat preservation and warming effects of the cotton planting model with one film, two drip tapes and six rows and the cotton planting model with one film, three drip tapes and six rows were better than that of the conventional planting mode. Soil temperature under the mulching film quickly increased and slowly decreased, which was beneficial to the early growth and development of cotton. The mean soil moisture content of the 0–60 cm soil layer in the cotton planting model with one film, three drip tapes and six rows was significantly higher than the other two treatments at the middle and late stage of cotton growth (90 days after sowing (DAS) and 135 DAS). Moreover, the water holding capacity of the middle and upper part of the tillage layer in the cotton planting model with one film, three drip tapes and six rows was the best. At the medium cotton growth stage, the main root layer in the cotton planting model with one film, three drip tapes and six rows formed a desalination zone. At the late cotton growth stage, the soil salinity content of the 0–60 cm soil layer showed that the cotton planting model with one film, three drip tapes and six rows was the lowest, the cotton planting model with one film, two drip tapes and six rows was the highest, and the conventional planting pattern was in the middle. Among these three modes, the cotton planting model with one film, three drip tapes and six rows was more efficient in controlling soil salt accumulation. The agronomic traits and cotton quality in the cotton planting model with one film, three drip tapes and six rows were better than that for the other two treatments. Compared with the other treatments, the cotton yield in the cotton planting model with one film, three drip tapes and six rows increased by 6.15% and 11.0% and 8.1% and 12.3%, in 2017 and 2018, respectively, and WUE increased by 17.4% and 22.7% and 20.9% and 22.8%, in 2017 and 2018 respectively. In conclusion, the cotton planting model with one film, three drip tapes and six rows can be recommended for machine-harvest cotton planting for arid areas in Xinjiang, considering water conservation and improving cotton yield.
Inflammatory gene expression profiling in peripheral blood from patients with Alzheimer’s disease reveals key pathways and hub genes with potential diagnostic utility: a preliminary study
Authors: Cardona Kelly , Medina Javier , Orrego-Cardozo Mary , Restrepo de Mejía Francia , Elcoroaristizabal Xabier , Naranjo Galvis Carlos Andrés 
Published: August 2021

Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease caused by central nervous system disorders. Late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Differences at the expression level of certain genes, resulting from either genetic variations or environmental interactions, might be one of the mechanisms underlying differential risks for developing AD. Peripheral blood genome transcriptional profiling may provide a powerful and minimally invasive tool for the identification of novel targets beyond Aβ and tau for AD research.

Methods
This preliminary study explores molecular pathogenesis of LOAD-related inflammation through next generation sequencing, to assess RNA expression profiles in peripheral blood from five patients with LOAD and 10 healthy controls.

Results
The analysis of RNA expression profiles revealed 94 genes up-regulated and 147 down-regulated. Gene function analysis, including Gene Ontology (GO) and KOBAS-Kyoto Encyclopedia of DEGs and Genomes (KEGG) pathways indicated upregulation of interferon family (INF) signaling, while the down-regulated genes were mainly associated with the cell cycle process. KEGG metabolic pathways mapping showed gene expression alterations in the signaling pathways of JAK/STAT, chemokines, MAP kinases and Alzheimer disease. The results of this preliminary study provided not only a comprehensive picture of gene expression, but also the key processes associated with pathology for the regulation of neuroinflammation, to improve the current mechanisms to treat LOAD.