bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous iontophoresis of vasoactive medications in patients with scleroderma‐associated pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Al Abdi Sami , Almoushref Allaa , Naal Tawfeq , Melillo Celia A. , Aulak Kulwant S. , Ahmed Mostafa K. , Chatterjee Soumya , Highland Kristin B. , Dweik Raed A. , Tonelli Adriano R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unknown whether the cutaneous microvascular responses are different between patients with scleroderma‐associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SSc‐PAH) and SSc without pulmonary hypertension (PH).MethodsWe included 59 patients with SSc between March 2013 and September 2019. We divided patients into 4 groups: (a) no PH by right heart catheterization (RHC) (n = 8), (b) no PH by noninvasive screening tests (n = 16), (c) treatment naïve PAH (n = 16), and (d) PAH under treatment (n = 19). Microvascular studies using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were done immediately after RHC or at the time of an outpatient clinic visit (group b).ResultsThe median (IQR) age was 59 (54–68) years, and 90% were females. The responses to local thermal stimulation and postocclusive reactive hyperemia, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside iontophoresis were similar among groups. The microvascular response to treprostinil was more pronounced in SSc patients without PH by screening tests (% change: 340 (214–781)) compared with SSc‐PAH (naïve + treatment) (Perfusion Units (PU) % change: 153 (94–255) % [p = .01]). The response to A‐350619 (a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator) was significantly higher in patients with SSc without PH by screening tests (PU % change: 168 (46–1,296)) than those with SSc‐PAH (PU % change: 22 (15–57) % [p = .006]). The % change in PU with A350619 was directly associated with cardiac index and stroke volume index (R: 0.36, p = .03 and 0.39, p = .02, respectively).ConclusionsPatients with SSc‐PAH have a lower cutaneous microvascular response to a prostacyclin analog treprostinil and the sGC activator A‐350619 when compared with patients with SSc and no evidence of PH on screening tests, presumably due to a peripheral reduction in prostacyclin receptor expression and nitric oxide bioavailability.
The soybean TGA transcription factor GmTGA13 plays important roles in the response to salinity stress
Authors: Ke D. , He Y. , Fan L. , Niu R. , Cheng L. , Wang L. , Zhang Z. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an important oil, food and economic crop in the world. High salinity severely affects the growth and yield of soybean. Overexpressing a specific anti‐retroviral transcription factor by biotechnology is an effective way to cultivate new stress‐tolerant varieties of soybean. TGA transcription factor is a subfamily of bZIP and plays an important role in abiotic stress responses.

A TGA subfamily gene GmTGA13 was cloned and the gene expression, subcellular localization and transcriptional activity were measured. Through the Ag. tumefaciens mediated flower dip method and the Ag. rhizogenes mediated transformation of soybean hairy roots, the transgenic Arabidopsis and the ‘combination’ soybean plants of overexpressing GmTGA13 were obtained. The two types of transgenic plants were treated with salt stress respectively, and the related physiological indexes were determined. Furthermore, the expression levels of five abiotic stress responsive genes were analyzed in GmTGA13 overexpression hairy roots.

GmTGA13 gene was highly expressed in roots and significantly induced by saline stress in soybean. GmTGA13 encoded a nuclear localization protein and had transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of GmTGA13 enhanced the saline stress tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis and the ‘combination’ soybean plants. Furthermore, overexpression of GmTGA13 enhanced the expression of the stress responsive genes in transgenic soybean hairy roots.

In conclusion, overexpression of GmTGA13 is beneficial to the absorption of K+ and Ca2+ by the cell, thereby regulating the ion homeostasis in the cell balance. GmTGA13 enhanced salt resistance of plants by regulating the expression of many stress‐responsive genes.
A c/μ‐Rule for Job Assignment in Heterogeneous Group‐Server Queues
Authors: Xia Li , Zhang Zhe George , Li Quan‐Lin 
Published: November 2021

We study a dynamic job assignment problem in queueing systems with one class of Poisson arrivals and K groups of heterogeneous servers. A scheduling policy prescribes the job assignment among servers in each group at every state n (number of jobs in the system). Our goal is to obtain the optimal policy to minimize the long‐run average cost, which involves the increasingly convex holding cost for jobs and the operating cost for working servers. This problem has wide application scenarios in operations management, such as job scheduling in manufacturing systems, packet routing in communication systems, and staffing in service systems. We prove that the optimal policy has monotone structures and quasi bang–bang control forms. Specifically, we discover that the optimal policy is governed by the marginal cost rate c − μG( n), where c is the operating cost rate, μ is the service rate, and G( n) is called the perturbation realization factor at state n. Under the condition of scale economies which can be guaranteed by any increasingly concave operating cost in μ, we prove that the optimal policy obeys a so‐called c/ μ‐ rule: Servers with a smaller c/ μ should be occupied by jobs with higher priority. Optimality of multi‐threshold type policies is further proved when the c/ μ‐rule is applied. Our c/ μ‐rule in group‐server queues can be viewed as a counterpart of the famous cμ‐rule in polling queues, which both significantly reduce the complexity of optimization problems. By utilizing these optimality structures, we also develop computational‐efficient algorithms to determine the optimal policy numerically. Simulation experiments demonstrate the good scalability and robustness of the c/ μ‐rule, which are important for managerial practice.
De novo transcriptome sequencing, assembly, and gene expression profiling of a salt‐stressed halophyte (Salsola drummondii) from a saline habitat
Authors: Elnaggar Attiat , Mosa Kareem A. , Ramamoorthy Kalidoss , El‐Keblawy Ali , Navarro Teresa , Soliman Sameh S. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSalsola drummondii is a perennial habitat‐indifferent halophyte growing in saline and nonsaline habitats of the Arabian hyperarid deserts. It offers an invaluable opportunity to examine the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. The present study was conducted to elucidate these mechanisms through transcriptome profiling of seedlings grown from seeds collected in a saline habitat. The Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform was employed to sequence cDNA libraries prepared from shoots and roots of nonsaline‐treated plants (controls) and plants treated with 1200 mM NaCl. Transcriptomic comparison between salt‐treated and control samples resulted in 17,363 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 12,000 upregulated genes (7870 in roots, 4130 in shoots) and 5363 downregulated genes (4258 in roots and 1105 in shoots). The majority of identified DEGs are known to be involved in transcription regulation (79), signal transduction (82), defense metabolism (101), transportation (410), cell wall metabolism (27), regulatory processes (392), respiration (85), chaperoning (9), and ubiquitination (98) during salt tolerance. This study identified potential genes associated with the salt tolerance of S. drummondii and demonstrated that this tolerance may depend on the induction of certain genes in shoot and root tissues. These gene expressions were validated using reverse‐transcription quantitative PCR, the results of which were consistent with transcriptomics results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study providing genetic information on salt tolerance mechanisms in S. drummondii.
The role of player mass and contact speed on head kinematics and neck dynamics in rugby union tackling
Authors: Tierney Gregory J. , Tucker Ross 
Published: November 2021

Tackling is the most common cause of general injuries in rugby union, with player speed and mass identified as risk factors. This study aimed to use multibody modeling simulations to examine how tackler and ball carrier mass and contact speed affect inertial head kinematics and neck dynamics. Simulations were run by independently varying the ball carrier and tackler mass (from 60 to 110kg) and speed (from 0 to 10 m/s). Peak resultant inertial neck dynamics (force and moment) and head kinematics (linear acceleration, angular acceleration, and angular velocity) were extracted from each simulation. The greatest inertial head kinematics and neck dynamics sustained by a player was when there was the greatest mass disparity in the tackle, with the lighter player experiencing greatest inertial neck dynamics and head kinematics by up to 24% in comparison with the scenario when both players were the lightest mass (60 kg). As a player's mass increased, the magnitude of their head kinematics and neck dynamics diminished, but increased for their direct opponent, irrespective of whether they were the tackler or ball carrier. For speed, the greatest inertial head kinematics and neck dynamics sustained by the ball carrier and tackler were when they were both traveling at the highest speed. In theory, large discrepancies in mass of players, and high speeds into a tackle should be avoided.
The Localist Turn in Populism Studies
Authors: Chou Mark , Moffitt Benjamin , Busbridge Rachel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile the study of populism has typically focused on the national level, recent years have seen a growing body of research on populism’s local dimensions. Despite making important scholarly advances, this ‘localist turn’ has yet to develop a systematic account of how populism intersects with localism. In this research note, we broach this gap. By exploring how right‐ and left‐wing populisms conceptualize the ‘local’, as well as how localist sentiments can heighten or diminish the appeal of right and left populist politics, we establish a general framework to guide future inquiry into local manifestations of populist politics.
Identification of the Damping Matrix
Authors: Baruch Menahem 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Only experiments can provide the data necessary to obtain the damping matrix of a dynamic structural system. In the method proposed here the damping matrix can be separated from the mass and stiffness matrices and obtained in an independent of them way. Two methods are presented. In the first method it is assumed that all the degrees of freedom can be loaded and measured. Several methods for calculation of the damping, mass and stiffness matrices, using the experimental data are presented. In the second method the load is employed only in some chosen points. However, it is assumed again that all the degrees of freedom are measured.
In order to identify the damping, stiffness and mass matrices of the structure the measured quantities are forced to comply with the general laws for a linear structure.
The structure is idealized to be a linear dynamic structure with viscous damping. The measured quantities are measured during the tests at discrete points of the Frequency Response Function.
Impact Behavior of Sandwich Beams With Various Composite Facesheets and Balsa Wood Core
Authors: Abot J. L. , Yasmin A. , Daniel I. M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study presents a combined experimental and theoretical analysis of both unidirectional and woven fabric composite sandwich beams under low velocity impact loading. The sandwich beams were fabricated by bonding carbon/epoxy facesheets to a balsa wood core. All constituent materials including facesheets, cores and adhesives were fully characterized separately under stress conditions similar to those encountered in the sandwich structures. A comprehensive study that includes fabrication, mechanical testing and analysis of these structures under both quasi-static and impact loading was performed. The failure mechanisms were also analyzed. Existing models developed by the authors for sandwich beams with PVC foam cores were extended to predict impact loads for sandwich beams with balsa wood core.
The New Approach to the Analysis of Elasto-Plastic Deformation of Solids Within the Bounds of Theory of Processes by A. A. Ilyushin
Authors: Babamuratov Kamal Sh. , Abirov Rustam A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this report results of systematic researches of the experimental-theoretical CL-computer (complex loading) method, offered by Ilyushin for solving of problem of strength and strains of elastic-plastic bodies at an incomplete theoretical information about the equations of relation between stresses and strains and the method of appraisal of reliability of plasticity problems’ solution are given.
Homogeneous and nonhomogeneous problems for element of construction in form of the rods, plates, shell are accomplished. The results of numerical and CL experiments indicate on perspectivity of considered methods for calculations and projection of responsible designs in an engineering and building.
Intelligent Image Correlation Using Genetic Algorithms for Measuring Surface Displacements and Strain Profiles
Authors: Pilch Alan , Maudlin Jay , Mahajan Ajay , Chu Tsuchin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an intelligent digital image correlation technique that uses genetic algorithms to estimate surface displacements and strains. Speckle patterns are spray painted on the surface of interest and pictures taken before and during loading. Subpixel resolution, required for measuring displacements and strains accurately, is obtained by using interpolation methods. An innovative procedure based on genetic algorithms (GAs) is used that directly gives two displacements and four deformation gradients for a subset being investigated. The genetic algorithms guarantee a solution based on an innovative calibration procedure. The focus of this paper is the description of the GA routine used for the search process as well as the calibration scheme. Results are presented for measuring rigid-body displacement and uniform normal strain as proof of concept. Some potential applications for this work are to extract surface displacements and strains on aircraft, spacecraft and reusable launch vehicles, submarine and ship hulls, civil infrastructures such as bridges, dams and buildings, and biomedical imaging applications.
Intelligent Modeling of Drilling Process: A Knowledge-Based Neural Strategy With Fuzzy Switches
Authors: Sheng Ye , Nelles Oliver , Tomizuka Masayoshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an intelligent modeling strategy for thrust force in drilling process is developed. Neural network models and a fuzzy switching strategy are presented to deal with the gain variation problem due to transitions from one drilling stage to another. Gain variation due to drill wear and the related modeling strategy are studied. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed model works well over a wide operating range.
Some Key Issues in Using Bond Graphs and Genetic Programming for Mechatronic System Design
Authors: Rosenberg R. C. , Goodman E. D. , Seo Kisung 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mechatronic system design differs from design of single-domain systems, such as electronic circuits, mechanisms, and fluid power systems, in part because of the need to integrate the several distinct domain characteristics in predicting system behavior. The goal of our work is to develop an automated procedure that can explore mechatronic design space in a topologically open-ended manner, yet still find appropriate configurations efficiently enough to be useful.
Our approach combines bond graphs for model representation with genetic programming for generating suitable design candidates as a means of exploring the design space. Bond graphs allow us to capture the common energy behavior underlying the several physical domains of mechatronic systems in a uniform notation. Genetic programming is an effective way to generate design candidates in an open-ended, but statistically structured, manner.
Our initial goal is to identify the key issues in merging the bond graph modeling tool with genetic programming for searching. The first design problem we chose is that of finding a model that has a specified set of eigenvalues. The problem can be studied using a restricted set of bond graph elements to represent suitable topologies. We present the initial results of our studies and identify key issues in advancing the approach toward becoming an effective and efficient open-ended design tool for mechatronic systems.
A Lyapunov Function Approach to Energy Based Model Reduction
Authors: Chang Samuel Y. , Carlson Christopher R. , Gerdes J. Christian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Model reduction based upon the idea of eliminating coordinates with low levels of associated power, energy or activity has been proposed by a number of researchers. None of these results, however, produce the sort of computable bounds on the neglected dynamics that would be useful in the design of controllers with guaranteed robustness properties. This paper outlines an approach to model reduction based upon Lyapunov functions that represent a modified version of the system energy of Lagrangian subsystems. The Lyapunov functions are used to bound the states of subsystems to be removed, enabling these states to be treated as time-varying perturbations in a simplified set of dynamic equations. In contrast to other results in energy-based model reduction, this approach provides bounds on the disturbances caused by the unmodeled dynamics though at the cost of the implementation ease associated with other methods.
An Approach to Acoustic Noise Control via Passivity Techniques
Authors: Kelkar A. G. , Joshi Suresh M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a passivity-based robust controller design methodology for broad-band control of acoustic noise in ducts. A brief review of passivity-based control using passification techniques is given for non-passive dynamic systems. An application of this design technique to the acoustic duct system is presented. The acoustic duct model being inherently non-passive, passification techniques are necessary to render the system passive. The controller design is based on finite-dimensional approximation and is shown to be robust to unmodeled dynamics and parametric uncertainties. The control design methodology exploits inherent robustness of passivity-based controllers and selective mode attenuation capability of resonant mode controllers. The resulting controller is low-order, robust, broadband, and has guaranteed stability.
Position and Orientation Identification of Platform Manipulators
Authors: Ji Zhiming , Rodriguez Maximilian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A novel approach is developed for identifying both the position and orientation of the base joints of modular platform manipulators. This new approach first establishes a spherical triangle to isolate and solve for one of the unknown placement parameters. With the reduced complexity, a closed-form formulation is then developed for the remaining unknown parameters through Dialytic Elimination for two identification poses. The identification process with the presented method is illustrated with a numerical example.
Enhancement of Vibration Suppression for Multi-Link Flexible Robots Using Direct Parameter Adaptation
Authors: Cheong Joono , Chung Wan Kyun , Youm Youngil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The precise modeling of multi-link flexible robot is hard to obtain and even if we can get it, it is difficult to use in on-line control tasks. Due to these reasons, a simplified model is often used to describe the robot dynamics instead of using complex dynamic model. In the simplified model, however, parameter mismatch and structural modeling error are inevitable. To compensate these uncertainties, an adaptive control is formulated in this paper after separating the system into rigid and flexible subsystems. A simple direct parameter update rule is presented considering the flexible subsystem. Different from most of adaptive control schemes in multi-link flexible robots, which is indirect model-independent approach, the proposed adaptive control is a direct one and good for fast suppression of vibration of uncertain and untuned systems. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through experiments.
Lower Limb Human Muscle Enhancer
Authors: Misuraca Joseph J. , Mavroidis Constantinos 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the design, control, and testing of a Human Muscle Enhancer (HME) system that will augment the muscle capabilities of subjects requiring partial lower-limb weight-bearing gait support. The HME described in this paper is a pneumatically actuated quick connecting exoskeleton system that attaches to the foot and hip area of the body, thus “closing” the lower body kinematic chain. Control of the system is achieved by using encoders at the knee joints and Myo-Pneumatic (MP) Sensors implanted into the shoes and outer garments of the human. To test this design concept, a lower body exoskeleton test fixture has been fabricated. The test fixture mimics the human leg with the top cylinder providing the body weight on the leg. Another cylinder acts as leg muscles to provide the adjustable human reaction of the leg. Preliminary open and closed loop control tests have been performed that demonstate the capability of controlling the HME using the MP sensors.
Design Features of Compliant Packages and Their Impact on Reliability
Authors: Mohammed Ilyas , Kim Young-Gon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It is well-known that the main cause of mechanical failure in electronic packages is due to the difference in the Coefficients of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of the silicon and the organic board. There are many packaging technologies that try to overcome this limitation; ranging from making curved connection pins (gull-wing leads) from the package to the board, as in the case of Thin Small Outline Package (TSOP), to using hard epoxy to rigidly adhere the die to the board as in the case of flip-chip packages. This paper illustrates a compliant packaging concept that minimizes the effect of the CTE mismatch between the silicon die and the board.
A summary of different packaging techniques that address the CTE mismatch problem is presented. From this summary, it is apparent that many of these techniques do not provide as high reliability as the compliant packages do, especially when the electrical connections from the package to the board (solder balls) are present directly under the silicon die as in the case of chip scale packages. As the compliant package isolates the effect of the silicon die from the substrate, the silicon has some motion relative to the substrate. This means that the interconnections from the silicon to the substrate must be designed to withstand this motion. Hence the design of these interconnections is key to maximizing the reliability of the compliant packages.
A detailed design and reliability analysis of compliant packages for different applications is presented. The design highlights the main parameters that have an effect on reliability of the package. Reliability simulation and analysis using finite element techniques is presented for different designs to highlight the key parameters that govern the reliability of compliant packages. Finally, reliability testing data is presented for different packages.