bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Identification of Cerebral Palsy Using a Profile of Abnormal Motor Patterns
Authors: Morgan Andrew M. , Aldag Jean C. 
Published: December 2021

Objective. To determine whether a profile of abnormal motor patterns can identify children with cerebral palsy (CP) in the first year of life.
Methods. The Early Motor Pattern Profile (EMPP) consists of 15 items reflecting variations in muscle tone, reflexes, and movement that have been organized into a standardized format to provide the clinician with an objective picture of neurologic status. A three-point scoring system was applied to each item, delineating a clearly normal response from a clearly abnormal one and placing all partial or inconsistent responses in the middle. Twelve hundred forty-seven high-risk infants who were enrolled in a neonatal intensive care unit follow-up program were examined at 6 and/or 12 months' corrected age using the EMPP. These infants were followed to at least 36 months of age to distinguish those with CP from those with normal motor outcome or minimal impairment (no CP).
Results. Predictive validity of the EMPP at the 6- and 12-month examinations was determined using various pass-fail cutoffs. The optimal cutoff score at 6 months was between 9 and 10, at which the positive predictive value was 89.4, sensitivity was 87.1, and specificity was 97.8. The optimal cutoff score at 12 months was between 3 and 4, at which the positive predictive value was 91.0, sensitivity was 91.5, and specificity was 97.9.
Conclusions. The EMPP offers the clinician an effective instrument to identify children in the first year of life who are at greatest risk for the development of CP. The EMPP can be incorporated into a routine health maintenance visit, adding only a few minutes to the process, and has high sensitivity and specificity.
Eliminating Sleep-associated Hypoxemia Improves Growth in Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Moyer-Mileur Laurie J. , Nielson Dennis W. , Pfeffer Kathleen D. , Witte Madolin K. , Chapman Dale L. 
Published: December 2021

Objective. Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have been previously reported to have a decrease in growth velocity after stopping supplemental oxygen (SO). SO was stopped after a short-term recording (20-30 minutes) of pulse oxygen saturation (Sao2) of 92% or greater in room air. Other studies have documented that Sao2 decreases further during feedings and sleep in infants with BPD. Two questions were asked: (1) whether short-term, awake Sao2 studies would reliably predict prolonged sleep Sao2 and (2) how Sao2 sustained at 88% to 91% vs 92% or greater in room air would impact growth velocity in infants with BPD.
Methodology. Short-term Sao2 studies were prospectively compared with prolonged sleep Sao2 (n = 63) and the growth velocity of infants who had SO discontinued after a prolonged sleep Sao2 recording of 88% to 91% (group 1; n = 14) versus 92% or greater (group 2; n = 34) in room air.
Results. Failure to maintain Sao2 at predetermined levels occurred in 18 (29%) of 63 infants during their first prolonged sleep study. There was no correlation between short-term awake Sao and prolonged sleep Sao2 recordings (r = .02). Body weight, height, weight for height, and rate of weight gain were similar for all study infants before SO was stopped and remained constant for group 2 infants after SO was stopped. However, group 1 infants had a significant decrease in the rate of weight gain (17.3 + 13.1 vs 3.7 + 6.1 g/kg per day), and the mean z scores for weight gain and weight for height also decreased significantly for group 1 infants. Energy intake, incidence of acute infection, hematocrit values, and medication use did not differ before or after stopping SO in either group.
Conclusions. This study indicated that short-term, awake Sao2 measurements do not predict prolonged sleep Sao2, and overall, infants with BPD continued a positive growth trend when Sao2 remained greater than 92% during prolonged sleep.
PARENTS SPUR LAWS AGAINST TATTOOS FOR KIDS
Authors: L. J. F. 
Published: December 2021

When 15-year-old Ria Hendrickson came home with a "black swirly design" tattooed on her stomach, her mother didn't just lecture her and ground her for life. She called the police. She also called her state senator.
"It was an invasion of my parental rights," says Sharon Hendrickson, a mother from suburban Phoenix who pushed the Arizona legislature to make it a crime to tattoo anyone under 18 unless a parent is present. The bill became law in April.
Neuromotor Development of Cocaine-exposed and control Infants from Birth Through 15 Months: Poor and Poorer Performance
Authors: Fetters Linda , Tronick Edward Z. 
Published: December 2021

Objective. The objective of this study is to describe the longitudinal course of motor development of a group of infants exposed to cocaine in utero and an unexposed control group.
Methods. Subjects induded 28 in utero-exposed infants and 22 unexposed infants matched for race, income of the family, and mother's educational level. Infants were evaluated at 1 month with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), at 4 months with the AIMS and Movement Assessment of Infants (MAI), at 7 months with the AIMS and MAI, and at 15 months with the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS).
Results. At 4 months, compared with the unexposed infants, a significantly larger proportion of the exposed infants fell below the 50th percentile on the AIMS and had greater proportion of suspicious risk scores on the MAI. At 7 months infants in the exposed group had lower AIMS and MAI scores than the control group. There was no difference between groups on the motor scales at 1, 4, or 15 months. At all ages more infants in both groups scored significanfly less than the expected norms on all scales. Performance was unrelated to a cumulative risk index made up of demographic, medical, and social factors. Almost all subjects had risk scores that placed them at extremely high levels of risk. Performance may have been related to a difference in weight between groups at 7 months and to decreasing weights for both groups by 15 months.
Conclusion. In utero cocaine exposure has a significant, although relatively small, effect on infant motor performance late in infancy. However, regardless of exposure status, these infants had poor performance that may be accounted for by a heavy accumulation of risk factors associated with poverty.
Bone Mineral Density in Geographically Diverse Adolescent Populations
Authors: Sheth Raj D. , Hobbs Gerald R. , Riggs Jack E. , Penney Sharon 
Published: December 2021

Objective. Measure bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy Newfoundland adolescents and determine whether BMD is comparable in geographically diverse adolescent populations.
Study design. Lumbar spine BMD was measured by dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry in 26 healthy adolescents between ages 8 and 20 years. The age and gender of these subjects were used to predict BMD from equations derived from normative BMD data in six geographically diverse populations. The actual BMD value obtained for each subject was then compared with each of the six predicted BMD values for that adolescent using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test.
Results. Actual lumbar spine BMD in Newfoundland adolescents was not significantly different from that predicted by age and gender if they were from California, Finland, France, North Carolina, and Switzerland. Only the prediction based on the Spanish population resulted in a 4% greater BMD than was actually measured in the Newfoundland adolescents.
Conclusions. Lumbar spine BMD measurements for most healthy adolescent populations, as in adults, are comparable despite geographic diversity. Thus, generation of institution-specific normative BMD data may not be necessary for most adolescent populations.
The Natural History of a Treated Episode of Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Isaacson Glenn 
Published: December 2021

The accurate diagnosis of acute otitis media is difficult, especially in its early hours. The vague symptoms and subtle physical signs of early otitis lead the practitioner to make too many diagnoses by default and to issue too much treatment out of caulion. With the growth of resistant organisms limiting the effectiveness of safe, low-cost antibiotics, there is increasing pressure to prescribe antibiotics more sparingly.1-3 Thus, the accurate diagnosis of otitis media is more important than ever.
To correctly diagnose acute otitis media the pediatrician must know what it looks like, not only in its early hours, but throughout the course of infection.
Neurologic Status of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1-Infected Infants and Their Controls: A Prospective Study From Birth to 2 Years
Authors: Belman Anita L. , Muenz Larry R. , Marcus Joseph C. , Goedert James J. , Landesman Sheldon , Rubinstein Arye , Goodwin Susan , Durako Stephen , Willoughby Anne 
Published: December 2021

Objective. To determine the timing, extent, severity, and persistence of neurologic abnormalities in children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection compared with similar uninfected children of HIV-1-infected women and control children.
Methods. Serial neurologic examinations and head circumference measurements were performed on a cohort of HIV-1-infected children born to HIV-1-infected women, seroreverting children born to HIV-1-infected women, and control children born to uninfected women. Examination data from 32 HIV-1-infected children, 99 reverters, and 116 control children were summarized by eight neurologic domains. Data were analyzed by longitudinal analysis.
Results. Reverter children were not different from control children in neurologic function for any of the eight domains or head circumference. HIV-1-infected children had significantly more neurologic problems than the control and reverter children for seven of the eight domains. The HIV-1-infected children were further classified by whether they had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining clinical conditions (other than lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis) in the first 24 months of life (the AIDS-opportunistic infection group) or did not (the infected-other group). Neurologic abnormalities were early, severe, pervasive, and persistent in the AIDS-opportunistic infection group, and nearly all in this group had head circumference measurements below the 10th percentile. The infected-other group had no statistically significant differences from the uninfected children, although individual children in the infected-other group had some abnormalities.
Conclusions. In utero exposure to HIV-1 without infection seems to have no negative impact on neurologic function in children in the first 2 years of life. Among children with perinatally acquired HIV-1 infection, the most severe and pervasive neurologic problems occur in those children who have early serious HIV-1 clinical disease. Most children without serious AIDS-defining clinical conditions in the first 2 years of life are also free from serious neurologic problems during that period.
Wydanie opinii psychologicznej sporządzonej na potrzeby formacji zakonnej w optyce ochrony danych osobowych w Kościele katolickim
Authors: Czarnowicz Robert , Kroczek Piotr 
Published: December 2021

Tematem artykułu jest kwestia wydania przez zgromadzenie zakonne opinii psychologicznej sporządzanej w czasie okresu formacji osobie, której opinia dotyczy. Opinia psychologiczna zawiera dane osobowe. To oznacza, że taki dokument podlega regulacjom dotyczącym ochrony danych osobowych. Artykuł przedstawia tę problematykę w perspektywie prawa kanonicznego i odpowiada na pytanie: czy taką opinię należy wydać osobie, której dane dotyczą, a jeżeli tak, to jaką procedurę przyjąć. Odpowiedź jest następująca: co do zasady opinię należy wydać, zawsze jednak zachowując prawo innych osób do zachowania prywatności. Artykuł wskazuje na liczne wady Dekretu o ochronie danych ­osobowych.
Zwrot ku mariologii maksymalistycznej – na przykładzie nauczania ks. Dominika Chmielewskiego SDB
Authors: Wiśniewski Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

Tematy, które zostały podjęte w niniejszym artykule, dotyczą roli Maryi w dziele zbawienia i Jej miejsca w życiu chrześcijanina. Kościół chce mówić o Maryi bez wyolbrzymiania i pomniejszania Jej zasług. Pojawiają się jednak tendencje maksymalistyczne w mariologii, które należy badać. Kanwą do niniejszych rozważań stały się twierdzenia mariologiczne głoszone przez ks. Dominika Chmielewskiego SDB, które mogą budzić pewne wątpliwości teologiczne.
The Effects of Integrative Palliative Oncology on Hospital Time, Hospice Referrals, and Advanced Care Planning
Authors: Sims Rebecca , McCollom Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Integrative palliative oncology incorporates mental, physical, and familial aspects of care into standard cancer treatment. Patients in these programs have access to a doctor, nurse, psychologist, social worker, and chaplain who are all trained in palliative oncology whereas standard oncology does not have this team. Integrative programs improve well-being while reducing futile treatments. We hypothesize that emergency department (ED) visits, inpatient admissions, intensive care unit (ICU) stays, hospital deaths, hospice referrals, and advanced care planning (ACP) are affected by these programs.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review analyzed patients from Parkview Regional Medical Center. Cohort A included 100 patients from a palliative oncology program. Cohort B included 100 patients who received standard oncology care. Cohorts were matched on gender, age, cancer type, and stage. Number of ED visits, ICU admissions, and inpatient stays were analyzed. Hospice referrals, hospital deaths, and ACP documents were also compared.

Results:
A T-test showed no difference between ED visits, ICU stays, or inpatient admissions between cohorts. A chi-square analysis also showed no difference in hospice referrals or hospital deaths. However, there were significantly more ACP documents on file for cohort A (p = 0.000132). This suggests that palliative oncology programs do not strongly affect hospital time or hospice referrals but may impact advanced care planning.

Conclusion:
Since the benefits of palliative oncology programs do not seem related to hospital time or hospice care, another factor must be responsible for improving patients’ quality of life. These programs emphasize family involvement and planning thus explaining the significant increase in ACP documents. Perhaps this extra support and preparedness also improves patients’ moods and well-being.

Impact:
Future studies should involve a larger sample size and focus on psychological aspects of these programs to determine why they benefit patient health, specifically mental health, and what improvements can be made.
Study of Protein Targeting and Mislocalization in Rod Photoreceptors
Authors: Nunez Asael , Takita Shimpei , Imanishi Sanae , Imanishi Yoshikazu 
Published: December 2021

The photoreceptor outer segment (OS) is a highly specialized organelle for light absorption. Precise localization of OS resident proteins is important for photoreceptor function. Molecular mechanisms underlying OS targeting of proteins and their mislocalization, which frequently causes inherited retinal degeneration, have been intensely investigated. Rhodopsin, a major protein of the rod OS, is often mislocalized to the inner segment (IS) plasma membrane of rod photoreceptors in retinal degeneration patients. In the Xenopus laevis model of retinitis pigmentosa, we previously found that Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), a major IS protein, was downregulated. The Imanishi lab recently created a novel retinitis pigmentosa mouse model carrying the Q344ter rhodopsin gene mutation, which causes rhodopsin mislocalization to the rod IS plasma membrane. In this summer program, we examined whether this mouse model also displays reduced NKA expression in the rod IS’s by immunohistochemistry at postnatal day 30. Although NKA was properly localized to the IS plasma membrane, expression of NKA was reduced in mutant photoreceptors compared to wildtype cells. In the rod OS, activation of rhodopsin eventually leads to the closure of the cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) channel, which consists of a and b subunits. This channel localizes to the OS plasma membrane, and the N-terminal proline-rich region (R) of the b subunit (CNGb1) may be important for its interaction with peripherin (PRPH2), another OS resident protein. Currently, it is not well understood whether this interaction is necessary for the proper localization of CNGb1 to the OS plasma membrane. Using Xenopus as a model, we studied the role of the N-terminal proline-rich region in properly localizing CNGb1 to the OS plasma membrane by generating transgenic CNGb1(DR) tadpoles that expressed CNGb1(DR) in rods under the control of a rhodopsin promoter. We found that CNGb1(DR) properly localized to the OS plasma membrane.
Brain Resting State Functional Networks in Infants with Prenatal Opioid Exposure
Authors: Steinhardt Nicole , Vishnubhotla Ramana , Zhao Yi , Haas David M. , Sokol Gregory M. , Sadhasivam Senthilkumar , Radhakrishnan Rupa 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
Infants of mothers with opioid and substance use can present with postnatal withdrawal symptoms and are at risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in later childhood. Identifying methods to evaluate the consequences of substance exposure on the developing brain can help initiate proactive therapies to improve outcomes for opioid-exposed neonates. Additionally, early brain imaging in infancy has the potential to identify early brain developmental alterations that could prognosticate neurodevelopmental outcomes in these children. In this study, we aim to identify differences in global brain network connectivity in infants with prenatal opioid exposure compared to healthy control infants, using resting-state functional MRI performed at less than 2 months completed gestational age.

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective, IRB-approved study, we recruited 20 infants with prenatal opioid exposure and 20 healthy, opioid naïve infants. Anatomic imaging and resting-state functional MRI were performed at less than 48 weeks corrected gestational age, and rs-fMRI images were co-registered to the UNC neonate brain template and 90 anatomic atlas-labelled regions. Covariate Assisted Principal (CAP) regression was performed to identify brain network functional connectivity that was significantly different among infants with prenatal opioid exposure compared to healthy neonates.

Results:
Of the 5 significantly different CAP components identified, the most distinct component (CAP5, p= 3.86 x 10-6) spanned several brain regions, including the right inferior temporal gyrus, bilateral Hesch’s gyrus, left thalamus, left supramarginal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, left superior parietal gyrus, right anterior cingulate gyrus, right gyrus rectus, left supplementary motor area, and left pars triangularis. Functional connectivity in this network was lower in the infants with prenatal opioid exposure compared to non-opioid exposed infants.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates global network alterations in infants with prenatal opioid exposure compared to non-opioid exposed infants. Future studies should be aimed at identifying clinical significance of this altered connectivity.
Major Adverse Cardiac Events After Radiation Therapy in Lung Cancer
Authors: Omari Ramsey , Curtis Charles , Burket Nichole , Weisman Michael , Chen Xiaofeng , Lautenschlaeger Tim 
Published: December 2021

Motivation:
Receiving radiation to the heart has been recognized as a risk factor for the development of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) for many years. However, recent data suggests that radiation dosing to substructures of the heart serve as a better surrogate for evaluating the risk of developing a MACE than whole heart radiation dose. Recent papers suggest that dosing to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) can be used as a robust marker for cardiotoxicity risk; however, this association lacks corroborative data and is currently not incorporated into clinically routine care.
Problem:
In this paper we seek to investigate the relationship between radiation dose to the LAD and risk of developing a MACE in lung cancer patients treated with curative intent radiation.
Approach:
Chart review to confirm the presence of MACE events was performed in patients who were identified based on elevated troponin values to potentially have had a MACE after receiving their last dose of radiation therapy. Patients who had multiple courses of radiation therapy separated in time (>60 days) that received greater than 0.2 Gy whole heart dose during their subsequent courses before having a MACE were excluded. Selected patients were then stratified based on presence cardiovascular co-morbidities. Contours of patient’s LADs were made after patient selection, and will be verified by an expert (e.g., cardiologist or thoracic radiologist).
Results:
Dose to the LAD will be calculated and an assessment of the correlation between radiation dose and risk of having a MACE will be made. Analysis will assess the cardiac event rate at various times as well as time to MACE.
Implications:
This paper can help set a quantifiable standard with which radiation oncologists can use to minimize their patient’s risk of developing a MACE by minimizing radiation dosing to specific cardiac substructures while maintaining tumor coverage.
Obesity-Induced Inflammation Cooperates with Loss of DNA Methyltransferase 3A to Develop Early-Onset of Leukemia
Authors: Pandhiri Taruni , Kumar Pasupuleti Santhosh , Ramdas Baskar , Kanumuri Rahul , Kapur Reuben 
Published: December 2021

Obesity is an increasing epidemic disease world-wide responsible for enhancing the risk for developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as cancer. However, it is unclear if and how obesity contributes to the transformation of pre-leukemic stem and progenitors (pre-LHSC/Ps) into full-blown leukemia such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or severe form of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). We hypothesized that obesity induced chronic inflammation might be responsible for clonal selection of pre-LHSC/Ps bearing pre-leukemic mutations such as DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and for promoting the progression of early-onset MPN towards severe forms of AML/leukemia. To test this hypothesis, we genetically crossed pre-leukemic Dnmt3a+/-;Mx-Cre+ mice with leptin deficient obese (LepOb/Ob) mice to obtain Ob/Ob;Dnmt3a+/-;Mx-Cre+ compound mutant mice. Further, the Dnmt3a gene was deleted by giving the PolyIC and the deletion was confirmed through PCR. After 12 days of post-PolyIC the myeloid cells (neutrophils and monocytes) were expanded in Ob/Ob;Dnmt3a+/-;Mx-Cre+ mice compared to Dnmt3a+/-;Mx-Cre+, Dnmt3a+/-;Mx-Cre-, Ob/Ob and WT mice. We have harvested and analyzed all these mice after 26 days of post-PolyIC. Interestingly, Ob/Ob;Dnmt3a+/-;Mx-Cre+ mice showed increased BM cellularity, both the frequency of lineage negative, Sca-1+ and c-KIT+ (LSK) cells, short-term hematopoietic stem cells (ST-HSCs; LSK/CD48+/CD150-), granulocyte macrophage progenitor (GMPs; LSK/CD16+/CD34+), and reduction in LT-HSCs (LT-HSCs; LSK/CD48-/CD150+) compared to other groups. Flow cytometry analysis of PB, BM and spleen from Ob/Ob;Dnmt3a+/-;Mx-Cre+ mice demonstrated a significant increase in the frequency of mature myeloid cells (Gr-1+/Mac-1+) and a profound reduction in B220+ B cells compared to other groups. Remarkably, these mice also showed splenomegaly, elevated heart size and early signs of AML blasts as reflected by the presence of c-KIT+/CD11b+ double positive cells in the BM, consistent with severe MPN/AML development. Taken together, these results demonstrate that obesity induced inflammation cooperates with pre-leukemic Dnmt3a+/- mutation to induce an early-onset of severe MPN/AML like disease.