bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fit Testing Retrofitted Full-Face Snorkel Masks as a Form of Novel Personal Protective Equipment During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Toigo Stephanie , Jacques Michel , Razek Tarek , Rajda Ewa , Omelon Sidney , Dankoff Frederic , Tohme Rami , Lefebvre Patricia , Deckelbaum Dan L 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:Bottlenecks in the personal protective equipment (PPE) supply chain have contributed to shortages of PPE during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, resulting in fractures in the functionality of health-care systems. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of retrofitted commercial snorkel masks as an alternative respirator for health-care workers during infectious disease outbreaks.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed, analyzing qualitative and quantitative fit test results of the retrofitted Aria Ocean Reef® full-face snorkeling mask on health-care workers at the McGill University Health Centre between April and June 2020. Historical fit test results, using medical-grade respirators, for health-care workers, were also analyzed.Results:During the study period, 71 participants volunteered for fit testing, 60.6% of which were nurses. The overall fit test passing rate using the snorkel mask was 83.1%. Of the participants who did not previously pass fit testing with medical-grade respirators, 80% achieved a passing fit test with the snorkel respirator.Conclusions:The results suggest that this novel respirator may be an effective and feasible alternative solution to address PPE shortages, while still providing health-care workers with ample protection. Additional robust testing will be required to ensure that respirator fit is maintained, after numerous rounds of disinfection.
A new global gridded glacier dataset based on the Randolph Glacier Inventory version 6.0
Authors: Li Yaojun , Li Fei , Shangguan Donghui , Ding Yongjian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Gridded glacier datasets are essential for various glaciological and climatological research because they link glacier cover with the corresponding gridded meteorological variables. However, there are significant differences between the gridded data and the shapefile data in the total area calculations in the Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) 6.0 at global and regional scales. Here, we present a new global gridded glacier dataset based on the RGI 6.0 that eliminates the differences. The dataset is made by dividing the glacier polygons using cell boundaries and then recalculating the area of each polygon in the cell. Our dataset (1) exhibits a good agreement with the RGI area values for those regions in which gridded areas showed a generally good consistency with those in the shapefile data, and (2) reduces the errors existing in the current RGI gridded dataset. All data and code used in this study are freely available and we provide two examples to demonstrate the application of this new gridded dataset.
Politics of Memory and Nationalism
Authors: Malinova Olga 
Published: April 2021

AbstractScholars of nationalism knew about the role of memory and forgetting in nation building long before the contemporary boom of memory studies. Still, they can learn a lot from this relatively new research field. This article offers an overview of the literature on the politics of memory, focusing on different patterns of dealing with a dark past of genocides, civil wars, and political repressions, on the one hand, and on the observations derived from the recent so-called “memory wars” in Europe, on the other. Both issues elucidate a persistent role of nationalism in the contemporary world.
Babi Yar and the Nazi Genocide of Roma: Memory Narratives and Memory Practices in Ukraine
Authors: Kotljarchuk Andrej 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThousands of Roma were killed in Ukraine by the Nazis and auxiliary police on the spot. There are more than 50,000 Roma in today’s Ukraine, represented by second and third generation decendants of the genocide survivors. The discussion on Roma identity cannot be isolated from the memory of the genocide, which makes the struggle over the past a reflexive landmark that mobilizes the Roma movement. About twenty Roma genocide memorials have been erected in Ukraine during last decade, and in 2016 the national memorial of the Roma genocide was opened in Babi Yar. However, scholars do not have a clear picture of memory narratives and memory practices of the Roma genocide in Ukraine. A comprehensive analysis of the contemporary situation is not possible without an examination of the history and memory of the Roma genocide before 1991.
Harnessing Technologies in Focus Group Research
Authors: Wallace Rebecca , Goodyear-Grant Elizabeth , Bittner Amanda 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFocus group research is a useful methodology within and beyond the field of political science, as a source of core or supplementary data. The focus group literature is rich and full of guidance, but advice on using digital tools in certain stages of focus group research is relatively scarce. Aiming to fill those gaps, this article draws on experience with two projects in order to outline how researchers can harness technologies for focus group recruitment and data analysis. While traditional recruitment and data analysis techniques are useful, we identify advantages of technology-assisted approaches, particularly for focus group research with marginalized communities. Geared to both new and existing focus group users, the article identifies fruitful ways to harness a wider range of technologies for conducting focus group research while maintaining consistency with established principles and practices.
The wigner property for CL-spaces and finite-dimensional polyhedral Banach spaces
Authors: Tan Dongni , Huang Xujian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe say that a map $f$ from a Banach space $X$ to another Banach space $Y$ is a phase-isometry if the equality
\[ \{\|f(x)+f(y)\|, \|f(x)-f(y)\|\}=\{\|x+y\|, \|x-y\|\} \]holds for all $x,\,y\in X$. A Banach space $X$ is said to have the Wigner property if for any Banach space $Y$ and every surjective phase-isometry $f : X\rightarrow Y$, there exists a phase function $\varepsilon : X \rightarrow \{-1,\,1\}$ such that $\varepsilon \cdot f$ is a linear isometry. We present some basic properties of phase-isometries between two real Banach spaces. These enable us to show that all finite-dimensional polyhedral Banach spaces and CL-spaces possess the Wigner property.
Scattering for critical wave equations with variable coefficients
Authors: Looi Shi-Zhuo , Tohaneanu Mihai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe prove that solutions to the quintic semilinear wave equation with variable coefficients in ${{\mathbb {R}}}^{1+3}$ scatter to a solution to the corresponding linear wave equation. The coefficients are small and decay as $|x|\to \infty$, but are allowed to be time dependent. The proof uses local energy decay estimates to establish the decay of the $L^{6}$ norm of the solution as $t\to \infty$.
The Detention of Non-Enemy Civilians Escaping to Britain during the Second World War
Authors: Photiadou Artemis J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThousands of civilians from Allied and neutral countries reached Britain during the Second World War. Nearly all who arrived between 1941 and 1945 were detained for interrogation – an unprecedented course of action by Britain which has nevertheless seldomly been studied. This article focuses on the administrative history of this process and the people it affected. It demonstrates how certain parts of the state treated non-Britons with suspicion throughout the war, long after fears of a ‘fifth column’ had subsided. At the same time, others saw them favourably, not least because many either offered intelligence, intended to volunteer with the Allied Forces, or work for the war industry. Examining how these conflicting views co-existed within a single detention camp, this article thus illustrates the complex relationship that existed between non-Britons and the wartime state, which perceived them simultaneously as suspects, assets, and allies. By making use of the thousands of resulting interrogation reports, the article also offers more detail than currently exists on the gender and nationality background of those who reached Britain, as well as about the journeys they took to escape occupied territory.
Emperor penguins and the First German South Polar Expedition, 1901–1903: The elusive colony in Posadowsky Bay
Authors: Wienecke Barbara 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Members of the First German South Polar Expedition (1901–1903) encountered emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) near their wintering station in the sea ice of Posadowsky Bay, East Antarctica. The penguins appeared to be generally less of scientific interest, but more of a useful resource. Despite the presence of chicks, the men were uncertain about the existence of a breeding colony, and did not record the position of the penguin aggregation they encountered. In later years, only a few sightings confirmed the existence of a colony, and the last ground visit took place in 1960. Based on satellite imagery, a colony appears to exist even now. This paper examines what impact the expedition may have had on this colony, and whether it still exists.
Factors associated with the time to transition from suicidal ideation to suicide plans and attempts in the Australian general population
Authors: Sunderland Matthew , Batterham Philip J. , Calear Alison L. , Chapman Cath , Slade Tim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuicide plans and attempts rarely occur without prior suicidal ideation but are hard to predict. Early intervention efforts need to focus on subgroups of the population who are more likely to transition from ideation to suicidal plans and attempts. The current study utilised data from a large nationally representative sample to investigate the time taken to transition and the demographic and mental health correlates of transitioning to suicidal plans and attempts among those with suicidal ideation.MethodsData were from 1237 Australians aged 16–85 years who reported suicidal thoughts at some point in their life. Discrete time survival analysis was used to retrospectively examine the time in years and correlates of transitioning from suicidal ideation to suicide plans and suicide attempt.ResultsThe majority of those who transitioned to suicide plans or attempts typically did so within 2 years of first experiencing suicidal ideation. Several factors were independently associated with increased speed to transition, including alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, major depressive episode, obsessive compulsive disorder, sexual minority status, and non-urban location. Older age, being male, older age of first ideation and greater family support were associated with a slower transition.ConclusionThe current study suggests that pre-existing mental or substance use disorders, particularly drug use disorder, as well as sexual minority status, sex and greater family support play an important role in the transition from suicidal ideation to plans or attempts. These results highlight the potential importance of suicide prevention programs that aim to improve social connectedness.
Association of family history of schizophrenia and clinical outcomes in individuals with eating disorders
Authors: Zhang Ruyue , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Birgegård Andreas , Larsson Henrik , Lichtenstein Paul , Bulik Cynthia M. , Bergen Sarah E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Familial co-aggregation studies of eating disorders (EDs) and schizophrenia reveal shared genetic and environment factors, yet their etiological and clinical relationship remains unclear. We evaluate the influence of schizophrenia family history on clinical outcomes of EDs.

Methods
We conducted a cohort evaluation of the association between family history of schizophrenia and ED clinical features, psychiatric comorbidities, and somatic and mental health burden in individuals born in Sweden 1977–2003 with anorexia nervosa (AN) or other EDs (OED: bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and ED not otherwise specified).

Results
Of 12 424 individuals with AN and 20 716 individuals with OED, 599 (4.8%) and 1118 (5.4%), respectively, had a family history of schizophrenia (in up to third-degree relatives). Among individuals with AN, schizophrenia in first-degree relatives was significantly associated with increased comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [HR(95% CI) 2.26 (1.27–3.99)], substance abuse disorder (SUD) [HR (95% CI) 1.93 (1.25–2.98)], and anxiety disorders [HR (95% CI) 1.47 (1.08–2.01)], but higher lowest illness-associated body mass index (BMI) [1.14 kg/m2, 95% CI (0.19–2.10)]. Schizophrenia in any relative (up to third-degree) in AN was significantly associated with higher somatic and mental health burden, but lower ED psychopathology scores [−0.29, 95% CI (−0.54 to −0.04)]. Schizophrenia in first-degree relatives in individuals with OED was significantly associated with increased comorbid ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, SUD, anxiety disorders, somatic and mental health burden, and suicide attempts.

Conclusions
We observed different patterns of ED-related outcomes, psychiatric comorbidity, and illness burden in individuals with EDs with and without family histories of schizophrenia and provide new insights into the diverse manifestations of EDs.
Multispecialty Interprofessional Team Memory Clinics: Enhancing Collaborative Practice and Health Care Providers’ Experience of Dementia Care
Authors: Lee Linda , Molnar Frank , Hillier Loretta M. , Patel Tejal , Slonim Karen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study explored whether working within Multispecialty INterprofessional Team (MINT) memory clinics has an impact on health care professionals’ perceptions of the challenges, attitudes, and level of collaboration associated with providing dementia care. Surveys were completed by MINT memory clinic members pre- and 6-months post-clinic launch. A total of 228 pre-and-post-training surveys were matched for analysis. After working in the MINT memory clinics for 6 months, there were significant reductions in mean ratings of the level of challenge associated with various aspects of dementia care, and significant increases in the frequency with which respondents experienced enthusiasm, inspiration, and pride in their work in dementia care and in ratings of the extent of collaboration for dementia care. This study provides some insights into the effect of collaborative, interprofessional approaches on health care professionals’ perceptions of the challenges and attitudes associated with providing dementia care and level of collaboration with other health professionals.
Desiccation tolerance and sensitivity of selected tropical montane species in Sri Lanka
Authors: Athugala Yasoja S. , Gehan Jayasuriya K. M. G. , Gunaratne A. M. T. A. , Baskin Carol C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough the level of seed desiccation sensitivity (LSDS) may have an impact on plant species conservation, information is available for <10% of tropical angiosperms. A study was conducted to assess the LSDS of 28 tropical montane species in Sri Lanka. Seeds were extracted from freshly collected fruits. Initial weight was recorded, and thousand seed weight (TSW) was calculated. Seed moisture content (MC) was determined. LSDS was determined using seed desiccation experiments and predicted using the TSW–MC criterion. Seed storage behaviour was predicted using LSDS and storage data and using a model based on phylogenetic affiliation. The relationship between LSDS and seed dormancy, life form and forest strata was evaluated. Fresh seeds of only 12 species germinated to >80%. Although seeds of the other species had >80% viability, only 0–70% germinated due to dormancy. Seeds of five species had MC <15%, indicating desiccation tolerance (DT). Seeds of 12 species lost viability after desiccation, indicating desiccation sensitivity (DS). Seeds of Ardisia missionis, Psychotria gartneri and Psychotria nigra remained viable after desiccation, showing DT. Seeds of 17 species were DS and those of 11 species DT. The TSW of four species was >500 g. Thus, seeds of other species were predicted to be DT by the TSW–MC criterion. A relationship was identified between LSDS and the forest strata of the species. More canopy species produced DS than DT seeds. Since seeds of most of the studied species were DS, these species may be threatened due to prolonged droughts predicted for the region due to climate change.
Supporting the Mental Health and Well-Being of First Responders from Career to Retirement: A Scoping Review
Authors: Smith Erin , Dean Greg , Holmes Lisa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
First responders are at greater risk of mental ill health and compromised well-being compared to the general population. It is important to identify strategies that will be effective in supporting mental health, both during and after the first responder’s career.

Methods:
A scoping review was conducted using the PubMed database (1966 to October 1, 2020) and the Google Scholar database (October 1, 2020) using relevant search terms, truncation symbols, and Boolean combination functions. The reference lists of all relevant publications were also reviewed to identify further publications.

Results:
A total of 172 publications were retrieved by the combined search strategies. Of these, 56 met the inclusion criteria and informed the results of this overview paper. These publications identified that strategies supporting first responder mental health and well-being need to break down stigma and build resilience. Normalizing conversations around mental health is integral for increasing help-seeking behaviors, both during a first responder’s career and in retirement. Organizations should consider the implementation of both pre-retirement and post-retirement support strategies to improve mental health and well-being.

Conclusion:
Strategies for supporting mental health and well-being need to be implemented early in the first responder career and reinforced throughout and into retirement. They should utilize holistic approaches which encourage “reaching in” rather than placing an onus on first responders to “reach out” when they are in crisis.
Regional differences in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food sufficiency in California, April–July 2020: implications for food programmes and policies
Authors: Blumenberg Evelyn , Pinski Miriam , Nhan Lilly A , Wang May C 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:To evaluate regional differences in factors associated with food insufficiency during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic among three major metropolitan regions in California, a state with historically low participation rates in the Supplementation Nutrition Assistance Program, the nation’s largest food assistance programme.Design:Analysis of cross-sectional data from phase 1 (23 April–21 July 2020) of the US Census Household Pulse Survey, a weekly national online survey.Setting:California, and three Californian metropolitan statistical areas (MSA), including San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim and Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario MSA.Participants:Adults aged 18 years and older living in households.Results:Among the three metropolitan areas, food insufficiency rates were lowest in the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley MSA. Measures of disadvantage (e.g., having low-income, being unemployed, recent loss of employment income and pre-pandemic food insufficiency) were widely associated with household food insufficiency. However, disadvantaged households in the San Francisco Bay Area, the area with the lowest poverty and unemployment rates, were more likely to be food insufficient compared with those in the Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim and Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario MSA.Conclusions:Food insufficiency risk among disadvantaged households differed by region. To be effective, governmental response to food insufficiency must address the varied local circumstances that contribute to these disparities.
The olfactory system: the remote-sensing arm of the immune system
Authors: Tizard Ian , Skow Loren 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOdors may be pleasant or unpleasant and in practice, pleasant odors are attractive while unpleasant odors are repellent. However, an odor that is noxious to one species may be attractive to another. Plants, predators, and pathogens may enhance their transmission by manipulating these signals. This may be especially significant when odors attract arthropod disease vectors. Odor detection may also be important in small prey species for evasion of macropredators such as large carnivores. Conversely, pleasant odors may identify family members, parents, or sexual partners. They may also generate signals of good health or fitness and contribute to the process of mate selection. In this review, we seek to integrate these odor-driven processes into a coherent pattern of behaviors that serve to complement the innate and adaptive immune systems. It may be considered the ‘behavioral immune system’.
Ontological Appropriation: Boulez and Artaud
Authors: MENDELSSOHN EDMUND 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article examines the lessons that Pierre Boulez learned about sound from Antonin Artaud, suggesting that Boulez's ideas about musical writing (écriture) took shape as the composer imagined and appropriated forms of non-European expression. Boulez sometimes acknowledged the influence of ‘extra-European’ sounds in his music, but also insisted that music should not be a ‘simple ethnographic reconstruction’. Artaud, who explicitly ‘reconstructed’ the ethnographic other in a 1947 radio broadcast, will become my foil to show how Boulez's philosophy of writing hinged on an East–West dualism. I follow Boulez to South America with the Compagnie Renaud-Barrault to suggest that he took cues from Afro-Bahian Candomblé when he wrote Le Marteau sans maître. The conclusion reflects on the lessons that Boulez and Artaud might teach us about sound; namely, that recent musicological claims on behalf of the ontology of sound have modernist origins.
Depressive Symptoms are Associated with low Serotonin Levels in Plasma but are not 5–HTTLPR Genotype Dependent in Older Adults
Authors: Trujillo-Hernández Pedro Enrique , Sáenz-Galindo Aide , Saucedo-Cárdenas Odila , Villarreal-Reyna María de los Ángeles , Salinas-Santander Mauricio Andrés , Carrillo-Cervantes Ana Laura , Torres-Obregón Reyna , Esparza-González Sandra Cecilia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Depressive symptoms are diagnosed by physicians using scales but their pathophysiology is unclear. Low serotonin (5–HT) levels play an important role in depression, and the 5–HT transporter (5–HTT) is an important regulator of plasma serotonin levels and reuptake. Additionally, the 5–HTT gene-linked polymorphic region (5–HTTLPR) is associated with depression. The aim was to clarify the roles of plasma serotonin levels in plasma and the 5HTTPLR polymorphism in depressive symptoms in older adults. A total of 84 older adult participants were evaluated. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale of 20 items (CESD–20). The plasma serotonin levels were determined by ELISA, and the 5–HTTLPR genotype was analyzed by PCR. Depressive symptoms were present in 39.3% (N = 33) of the participants. The median plasma serotonin level was 204.34 ng/mL (SD = 93.88). A significant correlation was found between the CESD–20 scale and plasma serotonin levels (r = –.256; p = .019). Low serotonin levels were associated with the presence of depressive symptoms (p = .001). The 5–HTTLPR analysis showed that of the 84 older adults, 35.7% had the SS genotype, 10.7% had the LL genotype, and 53.6% were heterozygous. The 5–HTTLPR polymorphism was not associated with depressive symptoms (p = .587) and plasma serotonin levels (p = 0.391). Depressive symptoms correlate with low serotonin levels in plasma, but not with the 5–HTTLPR polymorphism in older Mexican adults.