bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrous oxide improves cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermal stability during prolonged isoflurane anesthesia in juvenile guinea pigs
Authors: Sixtus Ryan P. , Gray Clint , Berry Mary J. , Dyson Rebecca M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnesthesia is frequently used to facilitate physiological monitoring during interventional animal studies. However, its use may induce cardiovascular (central and peripheral), respiratory, and thermoregulatory depression, confounding results in anesthetized animals. Despite the wide utility of guinea pigs as a translational platform, anesthetic protocols remain unstandardized for extended physiological studies in this species. Therefore, optimizing an anesthetic protocol that balances stable anesthesia with intact cardiorespiratory and metabolic function is crucial. To achieve this, 12 age and sex‐matched juvenile Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs underwent extended anesthesia (≤150 min) with either (a) isoflurane (ISO: 1.5%), or (b) isoflurane + N2O (ISO+ N2O: 0.8% +70%), in this randomized cross‐over designed study. Cardiovascular (HR, SBP, peripheral microvascular blood flow), respiratory (respiratory rate, SpO2), and thermal (Tre and Tsk) measures were recorded continuously throughout anesthesia. Blood gas measures pre‐ and post‐ anesthesia were performed. Incorporation of 70% N2O allowed for significant reductions in isoflurane (to 0.8%) while maintaining an effective anesthetic depth for prolonged noninvasive physiological examination in guinea pigs. ISO+N2O maintained heart rate, peripheral blood flow, respiratory rate, and thermoregulatory function at levels closest to those of conscious animals, especially in females; however, it did not fully rescue anesthesia‐induced hypotension. These results suggest that for studies requiring prolonged physiological examination (≤150 min) in guinea pigs, 0.8% isoflurane with a 70% N2O adjuvant provides adequate anesthesia, while minimizing associated cardiorespiratory depression. The preservation of cardiorespiratory status is most marked throughout the first hour of anesthesia.
Seed dressing with triflumezopyrim controls brown planthopper populations by inhibiting feeding behavior, fecundity and enhancing rice plant resistance
Authors: Wu Qing , Zhang Guo , Chen Yu , Yu Julong , Zhou Yongkai , Shu Zhaolin , Ge Linquan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTriflumezopyrim (TFM), a novel mesoionic insecticide, has high efficiency at a low dosage, and is mainly used to control hopper species. A previous study demonstrated that seed dressing with TFM effectively controlled rice planthopper populations in mechanically transplanted rice fields; however, mode of action for control was unclear.RESULTSThe study shows that seed dressing with TFM resulted in elevated levels of oxalic acid, flavonoids, phenolic substances, callose and other compounds associated with Nilaparvata lugens resistance in rice plants, and low TFM residue content in rice plant stem and grain. Host choice behavioral experiments showed that N. lugens females prefer feeding on untreated rice plants. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) data showed that seed dressing with TFM at medium and high doses significantly prolonged the non‐probing period and inhibited phloem ingestion in N. lugens females. These changes led to a significant decrease in female secretion of honeydew, expression of genes encoding vitellogenin and juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase, body weight and longevity, and significantly influenced several physiological parameters resulting in impaired oocyte growth, fecundity and population. Field survey data showed that seed dressing with TFM was efficacious and relatively durable in protecting rice plants from infestation by planthoppers.CONCLUSIONThis study revealed that seed dressing with TFM enhances rice plant resistance to N. lugens by limiting phloem ingestion and increasing the N. lugens non‐probing period; this leads to reduced fecundity of females and lowers N. lugens numbers in the field.© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Statistical approaches to assimilate ASCAT soil moisture information—I. Methodologies and first assessment
Authors: Aires Filipe , Weston Peter , de Rosnay Patricia , Fairbairn David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLand surfaces are characterised by strong heterogeneities of soil texture, orography, land cover, soil moisture, snow, and other variables. The complexity of the surface properties is very challenging to represent accurately in radiative transfer models, which have a limited reliability over land, especially for observations such as given. This has resulted in difficulties in assimilating land‐surface related satellite observations in numerical weather prediction models. Simple statistical relationships between satellite observations and surface variables have therefore been considered in the last 20 years. In this study, we propose to compare two such approaches: cumulative distribution function (CDF)‐matching (used as a normalisation and an inversion technique) and neural network (NN) methods. CDF‐matching finds a simple monovariate relationship at the local scale and is very dependent on the land‐surface model (LSM) on which it is calibrated. NNs are global multivariate models able to exploit auxiliary information and the synergy of multiple instruments, but the solution is global and no local characteristics constrain the solution. One of these two methods will be better suited, depending on the application—in particular the simplicity of the satellite/variable relationship. We illustrate these concepts here using Advanced SCATerometer (ASCAT) observations for soil moisture (SM) retrieval in an assimilation context. The two approaches are compared and combined. We also compare the more traditional inversion scheme and forward modelling, which could be attractive for assimilation purposes. We show that, in the context of ASCAT, the inversion approach seems better suited than the forward modelling. We also show that it is possible to combine the global model obtained using the NN and the localised information of the LSM offered by CDF‐matching.
Effect of Glycerol Content on the Properties of Potato Flour Films
Authors: Fu Zong‐qiang , Guo Shao‐xiang , Sun Yao , Wu Hong‐jian , Huang Zhi‐gang , Wu Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPotato flour films are prepared by using glycerol as a plasticizer in the content range of 10–40% (w/w). The mechanical properties, opacity, water resistance performance, and glass transition temperature of potato flour films are studied. The tensile strength of films decrease with increases in glycerol content. The elongation at break increase with increases in glycerol content from 10% to 20% (w/w) and then decrease as glycerol content increased. Film samples are more transparent at higher glycerol content. Sorption isotherms of films plasticized with the highest concentration of glycerol show the highest water affinity and binding sites. As glycerol content increases, the water solubility index and water vapor permeability of films increases, while the water contact angle decreases significantly. The glass transition temperature decreases with the increase of glycerol content. The results show that the potato flour could be used to prepare film successfully with glycerol as the plasticizer.
Atrazine toxicity to Handroanthus heptaphyllus, a nontarget species from a Brazilian biome threatened by agriculture
Authors: Silva Fabia Barbosa , Costa Alan Carlos , Megguer Clarice Aparecida , Lima Júlien Silva , Batista Priscila Ferreira , Martins Deborah Amorim , Almeida Gabriel Martins , Domingos Marisa , Müller Caroline 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe economic basis of the Brazilian midwest is agriculture, concentrating most of the grain production in the country. With the purpose of increasing yield, farmers have intensified land use and the use of atrazine among other pesticides, which can supposedly compromise human health and photosynthetic metabolism of plant species from Cerrado, such as Handroanthus heptaphyllus. The aim of this study was to determine experimentally the sensitivity level of H. heptaphyllus to atrazine, by measuring gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, chloroplastidic pigments, and membrane permeability. The experiment was conducted in a factorial scheme. Nine‐month‐old H. heptaphyllus plants were treated with six realistic doses of atrazine: 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 g a.i. ha–1 (corresponding to 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100% of the commercial dose recommended for corn crops, respectively), with five replications. Evaluations were performed at 12, 36, 84, 180, and 276 h after treatment application. Photosynthesis, the effective quantum yield of photosystem II, and electron transport rate were gradually reduced by the action of atrazine. On the other hand, the nonphotochemical quenching increased gradually, which indicates that this mechanism was not sufficient to avoid oxidative stress and cellular damage in H. heptaphyllus treated plants. Based on these results, we concluded that the action of the herbicide in the photosynthetic reduction occurs by the electron transport rate limitation. Therefore, H. heptaphyllus trees are at risk in Cerrado areas next to agricultural lands.
Successful prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a Siamese cat: A case of post‐cardiac arrest concerns
Authors: Grace Justin , Nagel Salome , Zeiler Gareth 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA 4.5‐year‐old male neutered Siamese cat was admitted to referral hospital for medical work‐up of chronic anorexia and emesis. No severe abnormalities were detected on routine blood work; however thickened gastric wall and small intestines were noted on abdominal ultrasonography. The cat was premedicated with buprenorphine followed by a diazepam‐propofol co‐induction. Endotracheal intubation was performed, and anaesthesia was maintained using isoflurane in oxygen for endoscopic investigation of the thickened gastric wall and biopsies retrieval. During the anaesthetic recovery, the animal went into cardiopulmonary arrest. Successful ROSC (return of spontaneous circulation) was achieved at approximate 40 minutes (prolonged) post‐arrest, and the animal had a survived event (ROSC > 20 minutes). However, failure to identify the inciting cause of the CPA and laxity in the post‐cardiac arrest care resulted in rearrest of the cat, 77 hours after the initial ROSC with no success of a second ROSC.
Forty-three years of absolute gravity observations of the Fennoscandian postglacial rebound in Finland
Authors: Bilker-Koivula Mirjam , Mäkinen Jaakko , Ruotsalainen Hannu , Näränen Jyri , Saari Timo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPostglacial rebound in Fennoscandia causes striking trends in gravity measurements of the area. We present time series of absolute gravity data collected between 1976 and 2019 on 12 stations in Finland with different types of instruments. First, we determine the trends at each station and analyse the effect of the instrument types. We estimate, for example, an offset of 6.8 μgal for the JILAg-5 instrument with respect to the FG5-type instruments. Applying the offsets in the trend analysis strengthens the trends being in good agreement with the NKG2016LU_gdot model of gravity change. Trends of seven stations were found robust and were used to analyse the stabilization of the trends in time and to determine the relationship between gravity change rates and land uplift rates as measured with global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) as well as from the NKG2016LU_abs land uplift model. Trends calculated from combined and offset-corrected measurements of JILAg-5- and FG5-type instruments stabilized in 15 to 20 years and at some stations even faster. The trends of FG5-type instrument data alone stabilized generally within 10 years. The ratio between gravity change rates and vertical rates from different data sets yields values between − 0.206 ± 0.017 and − 0.227 ± 0.024 µGal/mm and axis intercept values between 0.248 ± 0.089 and 0.335 ± 0.136 µGal/yr. These values are larger than previous estimates for Fennoscandia.
Impact of microfluidization on colloidal properties of insoluble pea protein fractions
Authors: Moll Pascal , Salminen Hanna , Schmitt Christophe , Weiss Jochen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMicrofluidization is a technique commonly used to disrupt and homogenize dispersions such as oil-in-water emulsions or cellular suspensions. In this study, we investigated its ability to alter the physicochemical properties of plant-derived insoluble protein aggregates such as those found in pea protein extracts. Insoluble pea protein dispersions (5% w/w, pH 7) were homogenized at 25–150 MPa for 1–5 cycles. Increasing the homogenization pressure and cycles decreased the particle size (d43) of the unhomogenized insoluble pea proteins from 180 ± 40 μm to 0.2 ± 0.0 μm (at ≥ 125 MPa), leading to more transparent dispersions. Furthermore, the solubility of the insoluble pea proteins increased from 23 ± 1% to 86 ± 4%. Treatments with chaotropic agents, dithiothreitol and urea, revealed that insoluble pea protein aggregates were stabilized not only by disulphide bonds but also by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. These molecular interactions were disrupted by microfluidization. The study provides insights into the disruption mechanism of insoluble pea proteins by applying microfluidization and offers a mean to improve their technofunctional properties to facilitate further use in food manufacture.
Brownian Loops, Layering Fields and Imaginary Gaussian Multiplicative Chaos
Authors: Camia Federico , Gandolfi Alberto , Peccati Giovanni , Reddy Tulasi Ram 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study fields reminiscent of vertex operators built from the Brownian loop soup in the limit as the loop soup intensity tends to infinity. More precisely, following Camia et al. (Nucl Phys B 902:483–507, 2016), we take a (massless or massive) Brownian loop soup in a planar domain and assign a random sign to each loop. We then consider random fields defined by taking, at every point of the domain, the exponential of a purely imaginary constant times the sum of the signs associated to the loops that wind around that point. For domains conformally equivalent to a disk, the sum diverges logarithmically due to the small loops, but we show that a suitable renormalization procedure allows to define the fields in an appropriate Sobolev space. Subsequently, we let the intensity of the loop soup tend to infinity and prove that these vertex-like fields tend to a conformally covariant random field which can be expressed as an explicit functional of the imaginary Gaussian multiplicative chaos with covariance kernel given by the Brownian loop measure. Besides using properties of the Brownian loop soup and the Brownian loop measure, a main tool in our analysis is an explicit Wiener–Itô chaos expansion of linear functionals of vertex-like fields. Our methods apply to other variants of the model in which, for example, Brownian loops are replaced by disks.
Clinical validity of increased cortical uptake of [18F]flortaucipir on PET as a biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease in the context of a structured 5-phase biomarker development framework
Authors: Wolters E. E. , Dodich A. , Boccardi M. , Corre J. , Drzezga A. , Hansson O. , Nordberg A. , Frisoni G. B. , Garibotto V. , Ossenkoppele R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeIn 2017, the Geneva Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Biomarker Roadmap initiative adapted the framework of the systematic validation of oncological diagnostic biomarkers to AD biomarkers, with the aim to accelerate their development and implementation in clinical practice. With this work, we assess the maturity of [18F]flortaucipir PET and define its research priorities.MethodsThe level of maturity of [18F]flortaucipir was assessed based on the AD Biomarker Roadmap. The framework assesses analytical validity (phases 1–2), clinical validity (phases 3–4), and clinical utility (phase 5).ResultsThe main aims of phases 1 (rationale for use) and 2 (discriminative ability) have been achieved. [18F]Flortaucipir binds with high affinity to paired helical filaments of tau and has favorable kinetic properties and excellent discriminative accuracy for AD. The majority of secondary aims of phase 2 were fully achieved. Multiple studies showed high correlations between ante-mortem [18F]flortaucipir PET and post-mortem tau (as assessed by histopathology), and also the effects of covariates on tracer binding are well studied. The aims of phase 3 (early detection ability) were only partially or preliminarily achieved, and the aims of phases 4 and 5 were not achieved.ConclusionCurrent literature provides partial evidence for clinical utility of [18F]flortaucipir PET. The aims for phases 1 and 2 were mostly achieved. Phase 3 studies are currently ongoing. Future studies including representative MCI populations and a focus on healthcare outcomes are required to establish full maturity of phases 4 and 5.
Application of the “bubbling” procedure to dead body portraits in forensic identification
Authors: Potente Stefan , Ramsthaler Frank , Kettner Mattias , Ikeda Tomoya , Schmidt Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
A procedure is needed for bodies with disfiguring injuries to the face and the use of their portrait for visual identification.

Method
We present the application of a simple image processing procedure, otherwise known as ”bubbling,” which is based on the concept of ”perceptual filling-in,” to images for visual identification in the forensic context. The method is straight forward and can be performed using readily available software and hardware..

Results
The method is demonstrated and examples are shown. The visual recognition of known persons using “bubbled” images was successfully tested.

Conclusion
The “bubbling” procedure for visual identification enhancement is quick and straightforward and may be attempted before escalating to more involved identification methods and procedures.
Screening for cognition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: test characteristics of a new screen
Authors: Beeldman Emma , Govaarts Rosanne , de Visser Marianne , van Es Michael A. , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , Schmand Ben A. , Raaphorst Joost 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCognitive and behavioural impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) negatively influences the quality of life and survival, and, therefore, screening for these impairments is recommended. We developed a cognitive screening tool, the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–frontotemporal dementia–cognitive screen (ALS–FTD–Cog) and aimed to validate it in patients with ALS. During the current study, the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS) was published and we, therefore, decided to compare these two cognitive screening methods. The ALS–FTD–Cog was administered to 72 patients with ALS, 21 patients with behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD) and 34 healthy controls. Twenty-nine patients with ALS underwent the ECAS. ROC curve analyses were performed and sensitivity and specificity of the ALS–FTD–Cog and ECAS were calculated, with a neuropsychological examination (NPE) as the gold standard. Cognitive impairment was present in 28% of patients with ALS. ROC curve analyses of the ALS–FTD–Cog and ECAS showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 (95% CI 0.58–0.86) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.86–1.03), respectively. Compared to a full NPE, sensitivity and specificity of the ALS–FTD–Cog were 65.0% and 63.5% and of the ECAS 83.3% and 91.3%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the ALS–FTD–Cog in patients with bvFTD were 94.4% and 100%, respectively. Test characteristics of the ALS–FTD–Cog were moderate, suggesting restricted practical value, as compared to a comprehensive NPE. The ECAS had an excellent AUC and high sensitivity and specificity, indicating that it is a valid screening instrument for cognitive impairment in ALS.
Does hunger promote the detection of foods? The effect of value on inattentional blindness
Authors: Redlich Dennis , Memmert Daniel , Kreitz Carina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough human perception has evolved into a potent and efficient system, we still fall prey to astonishing failures of awareness as we miss an unexpected object in our direct view when our attention is engaged elsewhere (inattentional blindness). While specific types of value of the unexpected object have been identified to modulate the likelihood of this failure of awareness, it is not clear whether the effect of value on inattentional blindness can be generalized. We hypothesized that the combination of hunger and food-stimuli might increase a more general type of value so that food stimuli have a higher probability to be noticed by hungry participants than by satiated participants. In total, 240 participants were assigned towards a hungry (16 h of fasting) or satiated (no fasting) manipulation and performed afterward a static inattentional blindness task. However, we did not find any effect of value on inattentional blindness based on hunger and food stimuli. We speculate that different underlying mechanisms are involved for different types of value and that value manipulations need to be strong enough to ensure certain value strengths.
In vitro screening as an anthelmintic discovery pipeline for Calicophoron daubneyi: nutritive media and rumen environment-based approaches
Authors: Huson K. M. , Morphew R. M. , Winters A. , Cookson A. , Hauck B. , Brophy P. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractParamphistomosis can lead to morbidity and mortality of ruminant livestock within tropical and sub-tropical climates. In recent decades, rumen fluke has become an emerging infection in temperate climates across Western Europe, with Calicophoron daubneyi, the primary species present. Clinical outbreaks with C. daubneyi larvae are reported and adults might be responsible for production losses. There is not currently a widely licensed anthelmintic product available to control C. daubneyi. In this study, three existing flukicide anthelmintics were tested for efficacy against mature C. daubneyi, comparing a standard in vitro culturing assay and a new more relevant rumen fluid based in vitro compound screening protocol. The new rumen based screen confirmed that oxyclozanide was active against adult C. daubneyi and identified activity with praziquantel. The study highlighted the downstream value of incorporating relevant in vitro screening for anthelmintic discovery pipelines.