bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Downside to the Brain Gain Story
Authors: Abdulloev Ilhom , Epstein Gil S. , Gang Ira N. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider how the possibility of international migration affects an individual’s educational choices in their home country. Educational choice dictates skill, and the paper refers to the highly educated, highly skilled as “professionals”; others are “non-professionals.” Without the opportunity to emigrate abroad people choose their educational investment (and hence their skill level) as we might expect. To this normal choice the higher status given professionals is also accounted for. Consider now how the opportunity for international migration to a higher paying job affects both professionals and non-professionals. Despite the higher status a professional enjoys, once an individual takes the possibility of migration to a different country into consideration, he may well decide to choose education leading to non-professional employment. A result of this paper is that if there are low chances of obtaining professional jobs in the host country, individuals may well choose an educational track leading to a low occupational profession in order to increase their chances of obtaining a job in the host country after migration. Thus, all home country students may choose the non-professional education track. Those who might have otherwise pursued higher, professional education may forgo that schooling. The theory developed here explains the forsaken schooling phenomenon. This phenomenon shows that low-skilled and skilled home country workers are willing to accept low-skilled positions in host countries. This leads to the forgoing of professional schooling in the home country since it is not optimal for the worker in the home country to choose a high skilled education since, they will be overqualified in the host country. This will have a long run affect. As time goes on, therefore, people who consider migrating abroad will have either lower years of schooling, or generally have not completed professional schools (technical-vocational or tertiary).
Covid-19 Pandemic and Outward Foreign Direct Investment: A Preliminary Note
Authors: Ajide Folorunsho M. , Osinubi Tolulope T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Social-distance policy of most governments and the pandemic impact of corona virus (COVID-19) on human health are expected to shutter international investment and business environment. However, there is little or no study to show the early empirical evidence on this relationship, most especially its impacts on FDI flows in the economies. This note provides a preliminary evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on FDI outflows. Our data cover cross-sectional first quarter, average data; between 1 January – 31 March, 2020 from 43 countries. Using Ordinary least square (OLS) and Quantile regressions, we document that there is a positive relationship between COVID-19 confirmed cases and FDI outflows. In addition, there is a positive impact of COVID-19 related confirmed deaths on FDI outflows across all quartiles estimations. This means that COVID-19 pandemic fuels the foreign direct investment outflows. The major causes could be the reduction in the ability of firms to invest due to a shortage in the number of skilled employees because they care for their health safety, a decline in corporate profits and increase in cost of finance. In addition, the propensities to invest have been widely affected negatively in most economies. These factors also become obvious when most economies experience a very high level of risk perception in financial market.
Valuing Women Entrepreneurship in the Informal Economy in Bangladesh
Authors: Mukit Mohammad Mushfiqul Haque , Nabila Nusrat Jahan , Islam Mohammad Safiqul , Abdel-Razzaq Assim Ibrahim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe study aims to address issues related to valuing women entrepreneurship in the informal economy in Bangladesh. To achieve the above objective, both qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. The author reviewed several articles, research reports, and included face to face in-depth interviews of fifteen entrepreneurs. Moreover, the applied five-point Likert scale questionnaire responded 100 random entrepreneurs from the rural areas of Bangladesh to recognize the barriers in accessing financial institutions and figure out how financial inclusions can contribute more in the informal economy. The results of this study suggest that complicated loans process, high-interest rates, absence of a life skills program, lack of financial freedom for women and property rights, entrepreneurial paradox, absence of collaterals, financial institutions negligence, mismanagement of loans, lack of interactions with local successful entrepreneur and imbalance of family and professional promise are the major barriers in accessing financial institutions in Bangladesh. In addition, financial inclusions are required to bring about changes in their lives. The results of the study will help Bangladesh and other developing countries break down the barriers for women entrepreneurs and develop the business opportunities created by women. In this regard, future research will anticipate both urban and rural areas, with a larger sample and quantitative studies will be conducted.
Dimension of Justice in Restorative Justice Paradigm in the Criminal System for Sexual Violence in Indonesia
Authors: Soepadmo Nurianto Rachmad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The act of sexual violence is a crime that is classified as a violation of human rights (HAM). The increase number of sexual violence cases in the world, including Indonesia, shows that the current justice system is unable to guarantee justice for victims, and most importantly recovery for victims. For this reason, a justice restoration approach is needed as an alternative in law enforcement against sexual crimes. Practically, marriage used as a way to approach justice restoration. This article used normative and juridical approach to discuss law enforcement on sexual crimes through restorative justice approach. It can be concluded that law enforcement on sexual crimes should observe based on criminology, victimology and ontology aspects, in order to be able to place the problem objectively. As a complaint offense, sexual crimes may not be passed on to criminal process, if there is peace between the victim and the perpetrator, provided that there is an agreement among the victim, perpetrator, family and society without coercion from various parties. The main focus in restorative justice of sexual crimes is to provide protection and assistance to victims from various parties, thus, the victims can be released from trauma or psychological impact that caused by sexual violence experienced by the victim or the impact received after the occurrence of sexual crime.
Status of Third Sector Entities in the State and Society
Authors: Ďurkovičová Jana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The basic definition of the third sector comes from the sectoral division of the Slovak economy. The sectoral breakdown of the economy operates with concepts such as the public sector, the private sector, and the third sector(1). Civil society represents the third sector of society that exists alongside the state and the market. The third sector is a commonly used term for all non-governmental organizations in the Slovak Republic. Their legal form may vary. This sector is characterized by the existence of organizations that have a formal structure, non-state character, do not aim to make a profit, are independent, operate on a self-governing basis and are voluntary. The existence of non-governmental organizations and their participation in the life of society characterizes every civil society. One type of such organizations are non-profit organizations, the scope of which is regulated by the Act no. 213/1997 Coll. on Non-profit Organizations Providing Services of General Interest, as amended. They represent non-governmental non-profit organizations operating in civil society. The register of these legal entities operating in the territory of the Slovak Republic is provided by the Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of the existence and scope of non-profit organizations in civil society, to analyze the legal forms of their functioning, through analysis of current legislation, available literary sources with emphasis on analysis of development and employment in non-profit organizations providing public services in the territory of the Slovak Republic in the defined period from 2016 to 2018. According to the latest available data as of 31 December 2018(2), there were 66 926 non-profit organizations registered and operating in the Slovak Republic, employing an average of 39 706 employees, while there were 3 272 of non-profit organizations providing services of general interest. The system of remuneration of employees of non-profit organizations is regulated by legislation in two ways. If the non-profit organization is not established by law, municipality, higher territorial unit or state, then it is possible to apply Act no. 311/2001 Coll. Labor Code as amended. Otherwise, if the nonprofit organization is established by law, wich means that the employee performs work in accordance with the law in the public interest, the procedure for his remuneration is in accordance with the Act no. 553/2003 Coll. on Remuneration of Certain Employees in the Performance of Work in the Public Interest and on Amendments to Certain Acts, as amended.
Computer assisted language learning in English language classrooms in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Džanić Nihada Delibegović , Hasanspahić Amila 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper examines the application of computer assisted language learning (CALL) in English language classes in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research was designed as an empirical examination of the attitudes of teachers and students on the successful application of computer assisted language learning in English language classrooms in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Lack of motivation is one the problems that most teachers are faced with. There are many causes of poor motivation, but one of them is certainly the unattractiveness and dullness of traditional methods, teaching materials and resources. However, many authors with educational experience point out that the use of information technology can positively influence students’ motivation and encourage them to work actively. While adults, as digital immigrants, might not use modern information technology excessively, children and teens are true digital natives, who have grown up with the latest technologies and use them with great pleasure in all aspects of their lives adapting them to their needs (Prensky, 2001). The results obtained in this research are an indicator of the current attitude of teachers and students towards these issues, but they also highlight some important necessary reforms in the field of teacher education.
Sisters of Inspiration. From Shakespearean Heroine to Pre-Raphaelite Muse
Authors: Percec Dana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper aims to make a connection between the female models of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the portrayal of Shakespearean heroines, given that the 19th-century school of painting was using the Bard not only as a source of legitimation and authority, but also as a source of displacement, tackling apparently universal and literary subjects that were in fact disturbing for the Victorian sensibilities, such as love and eroticism, neurosis and madness, or suicide. As more recent scholarship has revealed, the women behind the Brotherhood, while posing as passive and contemplative, objects on display for the public gaze, had more agency and mobility than the average Victorian women.
Feminist Orthodoxy and Shakespeare’s Shrew
Authors: Răzniceanu Vlad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Since The Taming of the Shrew is a particularly ambiguous play, its interpretation is predictably vulnerable to ideological excesses. The author argues that feminist criticism often exploits rather than explains the text, illustrates the techniques that are typically employed in slanting its meaning, and compares various interpretations in order to highlight a pervasive set of premises defined as ‘orthodoxy’.
Hysteria as Alternative Masculinity in the Gothic Discourse of the 19th Century: The Case of E.T.A. Hoffmann, Edgar Allan Poe and Guy De Maupassant
Authors: Băniceru Ana Cristina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
From its onset, the Gothic has attempted to challenge established norms and conventions, either for sensational effects or to question their homogenizing and reductive tendencies. The questioning or reinforcing of received notions of femininity in Gothic fiction has been much debated by critics, with the concept of masculinity coming second. The present paper discusses normative masculinity as it was perceived in the 19th century and how E.T.A. Hoffmann, Edgar Allan Poe and Guy de Maupassant challenge its validity by creating male characters who adopt a hysterical, almost feminine voice, contesting the belief that hysteria was a “female malady”. The characters expose their unconventional masculinity, which resists the model of the ‘ganzer Mann’ in Germany, ‘marketplace man’ in US and the ‘conjugal heterosexual’ in France.
Exploring Gender Ideologies in Social Media Jokes During the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Lomotey Benedicta Adokarley 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates contemporary gender ideologies as manifested in social media during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. Using a Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis approach, the author analyses jokes in memes and news items posted through social media in the form of videos, pictures, and texts. Specifically, it focuses on how gender stereotypes and ideologies are constructed and sustained through humour, in several themes built upon gendered representations. The author analyses the complex configuration of factors such as beliefs, stereotypes, and ideologies, which, closely interwoven, form the tapestry of the gender order. Additionally, in order to establish the constancy of gender ideologies over time and across cultures, a correlation is made between the gender ideologies reflected in proverbs and those manifested in the internet memes. The study contends that the complex role of humour enhances the subtle propelling of gender stereotypes and ideologies and ultimately, the existing gender status quo.
Does Traditional Mean Good? A Pilot Study on University Students’ Perceptions of Different Types of Women and Men
Authors: Fernandes Kristina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Gender stereotyping remains a pervasive issue in society. Gender stereotypes are cognitive structures containing socially shared knowledge and expectations about women and men. Research has found that the dimensions evaluation (sweetheart vs. bitch) and traditionality (businessman vs. stay-at-home dad) have high explanatory power for identifying gender stereotypes. As a pilot study, the current paper investigates the traditionality and evaluation perceptions of expressions for women and men in English and Spanish, analysing them in the framework of Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy Theory. In an online questionnaire, university students in London and Madrid rated 20 expressions for women (e.g. Eng. bitch, Spa. princesa) and men (e.g. Eng. player, Spa. cabrón), previously produced by themselves in single brainstorming sessions. The results indicate the existence of gender stereotypes, especially regarding promiscuity, and a correlation between traditionality and evaluation. Surprisingly and contrary to previous research, female participants produce more promiscuous subtypes than male participants.
Social Acceptance and Section 377: A Case Study of Transgender People in Jammu City
Authors: Priya Parul , Kumar Anurag 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Supreme Court of India recently decriminalized section 377 of the Indian Penal Code to outlaw the unfair violence and discrimination against transgender people. The paper argues that despite the legal acceptance of Section 377, the discrimination and social exclusion of transgender people continue in the Indian public sphere. The method of Interpretative Phenomenological Approach has been used to analyze the interviews of five transgender people from Jammu city. The findings suggest patterns and relationships within the data which are useful for understanding various ways in which transgender people negotiate and contemplate their lives outside the known social network they resort to. By analyzing the interpretations of selected transgender people, the study reveals that they bear the brunt of social and economic exclusion due to their gender identity on day-to-day basis.
On the reconstruction via Urysohn-Chlodovsky operators
Authors: Karsli Harun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The main first goal of this work is to introduce an Urysohn type Chlodovsky operators defined on positive real axis by using the Urysohn type interpolation of the given function f and bounded on every finite subinterval. The basis used in this construction are the Fréchet and Prenter Density Theorems together with Urysohn type operator values instead of the rational sampling values of the function. Afterwards, we will state some convergence results, which are generalization and extension of the theory of classical interpolation of functions to operators.
Some univalence conditions related to a general integral operator
Authors: Bărbatu Camelia , Breaz Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
For some classes of analytic functions f, g, h and k in the open unit disk 𝕌, we consider the general integral operator 𝒢
n
, that was introduced in a recent work [1] and we obtain new conditions of univalence for this integral operator. The key tools in the proofs of our results are the Pascu’s and the Pescar’s univalence criteria, as well as the Mocanu’s and Şerb’s Lemma. Some corollaries of the main results are also considered. Relevant connections of the results presented here with various other known results are briefly indicated.
Differential subordination results for holomorphic functions associated with Wanas Operator and Poisson Distribution series
Authors: Wanas Abbas Kareem , Páll-Szabó Ágnes Orsolya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the current paper, we introduce a new family for holomorphic functions defined by Wanas operator associated with Poisson distribution series. Also we derive some interesting geometric properties for functions belongs to this family.
Upper bound of second Hankel determinant for bi-univalent functions with respect to symmetric conjugate
Authors: Wanas Abbas Kareem , Bulut Serap 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this article, our aim is to estimate an upper bounds for the second Hankel determinant H
2(2) of a certain class of analytic and bi-univalent functions with respect to symmetric conjugate defined in the open unit disk U.
Geometric properties of some applications of the Tremblay operator
Authors: Irmak Hüseyin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
By this research notes, the well-known Tremblay operator and certain core knowledge therewith are firstly introduced and an extensive result containing numerous (analytic and) geometric properties (of possible applications of the related operator) along with a number of special implications are then constituted. As method for proving, the well-known assertion proposed by [8] is also considered there.
Automatic Classification of Locomotion in Sport: A Case Study from Elite Netball.
Authors: Smith P.D. , Bedford A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In team sport Human Activity Recognition (HAR) using inertial measurement units (IMUs) has been limited to athletes performing a set routine in a controlled environment, or identifying a high intensity event within periods of relatively low work load. The purpose of this study was to automatically classify locomotion in an elite sports match where subjects perform rapid changes in movement type, direction, and intensity. Using netball as a test case, six athletes wore a tri-axial accelerometer and gyroscope. Feature extraction of player acceleration and rotation rates was conducted on the time and frequency domain over a 1s sliding window. Applying several machine learning algorithms Support Vector Machines (SVM) was found to have the highest classification accuracy (92.0%, Cohen’s kappa Ƙ = 0.88). Highest accuracy was achieved using both accelerometer and gyroscope features mapped to the time and frequency domain. Time and frequency domain data sets achieved identical classification accuracy (91%). Model accuracy was greatest when excluding windows with two or more classes, however detecting the athlete transitioning between locomotion classes was successful (69%). The proposed method demonstrated HAR of locomotion is possible in elite sport, and a far more efficient process than traditional video coding methods.
Optimising Daily Fantasy Sports Teams with Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Beal Ryan , Norman Timothy J. , Ramchurn Sarvapali D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper outlines a novel approach to optimising teams for Daily Fantasy Sports (DFS) contests. To this end, we propose a number of new models and algorithms to solve the team formation problems posed by DFS. Specifically, we focus on the National Football League (NFL) and predict the performance of real-world players to form the optimal fantasy team using mixed-integer programming. We test our solutions using real-world data-sets from across four seasons (2014-2017). We highlight the advantage that can be gained from using our machine-based methods and show that our solutions outperform existing benchmarks, turning a profit in up to 81.3% of DFS game-weeks over a season.
A Critical Comparison of Machine Learning Classifiers to Predict Match Outcomes in the NFL
Authors: Beal Ryan , Norman Timothy J. , Ramchurn Sarvapali D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we critically evaluate the performance of nine machine learning classification techniques when applied to the match outcome prediction problem presented by American Football. Specifically, we implement and test nine techniques using real-world datasets of 1280 games over 5 seasons from the National Football League (NFL). We test the nine different classifier techniques using a total of 42 features for each team and we find that the best performing algorithms are able to improve one previous published works. The algoriothms achieve an accuracy of between 44.64% for a Guassian Process classifier to 67.53% with a Naïve Bayes classifer. We also test each classifier on a year by year basis and compare our results to those of the bookmakers and other leading academic papers.