bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advocacy of targeting protease‐activated receptors in severe coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Subramaniam Saravanan , Ruf Wolfram , Bosmann Markus 
Published: July 2021

Identifying drug targets mitigating vascular dysfunction, thrombo‐inflammation and thromboembolic complications in COVID‐19 is essential. COVID‐19 coagulopathy differs from sepsis coagulopathy. Factors that drive severe lung pathology and coagulation abnormalities in COVID‐19 are not understood. Protein–protein interaction studies indicate that the tagged viral bait protein ORF9c directly interacts with PAR2, which modulates host cell IFN and inflammatory cytokines. In addition to direct interaction of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral protein with PARs, we speculate that activation of PAR by proteases plays a role in COVID‐19‐induced hyperinflammation. In COVID‐19‐associated coagulopathy elevated levels of activated coagulation proteases may cleave PARs in association with TMPRSS2. PARs activation enhances the release of cytokines, chemokines and tissue factor expression to propagate IFN‐dependent inflammation, leukocyte‐endothelial interaction, vascular permeability and coagulation responses. This hypothesis, corroborated by in vitro findings and emerging clinical evidence, will focus targeted studies of PAR1/2 blockers as adjuvant drugs against cytokine release syndrome and COVID‐19‐associated coagulopathy.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on The second wave: are we any closer to efficacious pharmacotherapy for COVID 19? (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.10/issuetoc
The use of organ donor blood in liver transplantation
Authors: Tang Gia Toan , Shaylor Ruth , Hui Victor , Przybylowski Greg , Jones Robert McLaren , Starkey Graham , Perini Marcos Vinicius , Wang Bao‐Zhong , Zantomio Daniela , Hogan Chris , Fink Michael Anthony 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBlood removed from organs during deceased donor organ procurement is routinely discarded but is a potential resource for donor‐specific transfusion (DST) in subsequent liver transplantation (LT). This study retrospectively analyses the impact of DST on intraoperative bank blood product usage, long‐term graft, and patient survival, as well as frequency of rejection post‐LT.MethodsA total of 992 adult LT performed from 1993 to 2018 in a single quaternary center were included. Intraoperative blood product usage, patient, and graft survival, as well as acute and chronic rejection were assessed in patients who received blood retrieved from the organ donor, the “donor blood” (DB) group (n = 437) and patients who did not, the “no donor blood” (NDB) group (n = 555).ResultsProcessing of DB ensured safe levels of potassium, magnesium, and insulin. There were fewer units of bank red blood cells transfusion required in the DB group compared to NDB group (2 vs. 4 units, P = .01). Graft survival was significantly superior in the DB group (10‐year survival 75% vs. 69%, respectively, P = .04) but DST was not an independent predictor of graft survival. There was no significant difference in patient survival or rejection between the groups. There was no difference in treated, biopsy‐proven rejection between the two groups.ConclusionsThis is the first large‐cohort study assessing long‐term outcomes of intraoperative DST in LT. The collection of organ donor blood and subsequent use in LT recipients appeared feasible with appropriate quality checks ensuring safety. DST resulted in a reduction in the use of packed red blood cells. There was no difference in the rate of rejection or graft or patient survival.
Respiratory coupling between prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats anaesthetized with urethane in theta and non‐theta states
Authors: Mofleh Rola , Kocsis Bernat 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRespiratory modulation of forebrain activity, long considered hard to reliably separate from breathing artefacts, has been firmly established in recent years using a variety of advanced techniques. Respiratory‐related oscillation (RRO) is derived from rhythmic nasal airflow in the olfactory bulb (OB) and is conveyed to higher order brain networks, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC), where it may potentially contribute to communication between these structures by synchronizing their activities at the respiratory rate. RRO was shown to change with sleep–wake states; it is strongest in quiet waking, somewhat less in active waking, characterized with theta activity in the HC, and absent in sleep. The goal of this study was to test RRO synchronization between PFC and HC under urethane anaesthesia where theta and non‐theta states spontaneously alternate. We found that in theta states, PFC‐HC coherences significantly correlated with OB‐HC but not with OB‐PFC, even though RRO was stronger in PFC than in HC. In non‐theta states, PFC‐HC synchrony correlated with coherences connecting OB to either PFC or HC. Thus, similar to freely behaving rats, PFC‐HC synchrony at RRO was primarily dependent on the response of HC to the common rhythmic drive, but only in theta state. The findings help outlining the value and the limits of applications in which urethane‐anaesthetized rats can be used for modelling the neural mechanisms of RRO in behaving animals.
Levels of serum ecto‐nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) predicts severity of abdominal aortic calcification in end‐stage renal disease patients receiving regular dialysis
Authors: Wu Xiujuan , Di Feng , Shen Shuijuan , Wang Shimin , Li Qinghua , Dong Zhichao , Guan Jichao , He Jianling , Wang Yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between serum ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase‐1 (ENPP1) level and severity of abdominal vascular calcification in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving dialysis.MethodsA total of 124 patients were consecutively enrolled into the study in our local institution. Based on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines and recommendations, abdomen lateral X‐ray was used to determine abdominal aortic calcification score (AACS) for each patient at enrollment. Patients were divided into three groups based on AACS: no or mild calcification group, moderate calcification group, and severe calcification group. The relationships between ENPP1 levels and AACS were assessed by Spearman analysis and the value of ENPP1 in predicting severity of abdominal aortic calcification was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC).ResultsThe level of ENPP1 in dialysis patients was (7.68 ± 1.67) ng/ml. There was no significant difference in serum ENPP1 level between peritoneal dialysis patients and hemodialysis patients (p > 0.05). The AACS of dialysis patients was negatively correlated with ENPP1 value (r = −0.70). Compared to no/mild calcification patients, the levels of serum ENPP1 in patients with moderate/severe calcification were decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The severity of vascular calcification was correlated with serum ENPP1 value, the severer the vascular calcification, the lower the serum ENPP1 level, and the difference was statistically significant (all p < 0.05). The area under ROC curve of ENPP1 was 0.90, the corresponding sensitivity was 0.86, and the specificity was 0.87.ConclusionLevels of serum ENPP1 in non‐diabetic ESRD patients are negatively related to the severity of abdominal aortic vascular calcification.
Strength and fracture toughness of short‐carbon‐fiber/hafnium‐carbide composites
Authors: Akopdzhanian Tigran G. , Mileiko Sergei T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCarbon‐fiber/hafnium‐carbide‐matrix composite specimens were obtained by hot pressing technique. The microstructure of the composites does not reveal chemical interactions between the fiber and matrix. The dependences of strength σ* and critical stress intensity factor K* of composites on fiber volume fraction Vf have maximums. The values of Vf for maximums of σ* and K* are of about 0.06 and ~0.12, respectively. The mean values of these characteristics are ~340 MPa and ~8.7 MPa∙m½. The same characteristics for the matrix obtained at the same technological regime are 250 MPa and 4.9 MPa∙m½.
Composite malt with dark‐purple rice malt improves the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of malt extract
Authors: Gonu Hellie , Withayagiat Ulaiwan 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThis research presents a modification of bioactive compounds of malt extract produced from Riceberry rice malt (RRM)–barley malt composite for malt‐based beverage. Malt extract was produced by varying RRM at 20% w/w, 40% w/w, 60% w/w, 80% w/w, and 100% w/w and were analysed for total polyphenol content (TPC), phenolic acids constituent, and antioxidant activity. The 100% RRM extract was rich in TPC relative to 100% w/w barley malt extract. The composite malt extract containing 40% w/w–80% w/w RRM had enough TPC in the filtered malt extract (236–524 mg L−1) and boiled hopped malt extract (216–485 mg L−1) and were directly proportional to the antioxidant activity in the extract. Barley malt fraction in the malt extracts had a positive response on ferulic acid and sinapic acid, whereas RRM inclusion in malt extract increased p‐coumaric acid, vanillic acid, rutin, and methyl coumarate concentration. Therefore, the cereal malt composite could provide strong oxidative stability to the malt extract and derived products.
Collective Voice and Worker Well‐being: Union Influence on Performance Monitoring and Emotional Exhaustion in Call Centers
Authors: O’Brady Sean , Doellgast Virginia 
Published: July 2021

This study analyses the impact of union actions on worker well‐being. It examines union efforts to reduce emotional exhaustion associated with performance monitoring in call center jobs, drawing on quantitative (N = 1894) and qualitative (interviews and focus groups) data in the United States. Findings suggest that the effective exercise of collective voice, through collective bargaining and activism by union officials, can reduce emotional exhaustion by promoting fair and developmental monitoring practices.
Uncertainty due to infectious diseases and forecastability of the realized variance of United States real estate investment trusts: A note
Authors: Bonato Matteo , Çepni Oğuzhan , Gupta Rangan , Pierdzioch Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe examine the forecasting power of a daily newspaper‐based index of uncertainty associated with infectious diseases (EMVID) for real estate investment trusts (REITs) realized market variance of the United States (US) via the heterogeneous autoregressive realized volatility (HAR‐RV) model. Our results show that the EMVID index improves the forecast accuracy of realized variance of REITs at short‐, medium‐, and long‐run horizons in a statistically significant manner, with the result being robust to the inclusion of additional controls (leverage, realized jumps, skewness, and kurtosis) capturing extreme market movements, and also carries over to 10 sub‐sectors of the US REITs market. Our results have important portfolio implications for investors during the current period of unprecedented levels of uncertainty resulting from the outbreak of COVID‐19.
Inhibition of breast cancer xenografts in a mouse model and the induction of apoptosis in multiple breast cancer cell lines by lactoferricin B peptide
Authors: Rahman Rizdwan , Fonseka Alyssa Danielle , Sua Shiang‐Chia , Ahmad Munirah , Rajendran Ramkumar , Ambu Stephen , Davamani Fabian , Khoo Alan Soo‐Beng , Chitra Ebenezer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBreast cancer has a diverse aetiology characterized by the heterogeneous expression of hormone receptors and signalling molecules, resulting in varied sensitivity to chemotherapy. The adverse side effects of chemotherapy coupled with the development of drug resistance have prompted the exploration of natural products to combat cancer. Lactoferricin B (LfcinB) is a natural peptide derived from bovine lactoferrin that exhibits anticancer properties. LfcinB was evaluated in vitro for its inhibitory effects on cell lines representing different categories of breast cancer and in vivo for its suppressive effects on tumour xenografts in NOD‐SCID mice. The different breast cancer cell lines exhibited varied levels of sensitivity to apoptosis induced by LfcinB in the order of SKBR3>MDA‐MB‐231>MDA‐MB‐468>MCF7, while the normal breast epithelial cells MCF‐10A were not sensitive to LfcinB. The peptide also inhibited the invasion of the MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐468 cell lines. In the mouse xenograft model, intratumoural injections of LfcinB significantly reduced tumour growth rate and tumour size, as depicted by live imaging of the mice using in vivo imaging systems (IVIS). Harvested tumour volume and weight were significantly reduced by LfcinB treatment. LfcinB, therefore, is a promising and safe candidate that can be considered for the treatment of breast cancer.
Low IL‐23 levels in peripheral blood and bone marrow at diagnosis of acute leukemia in children increased with the elimination of leukemic burden
Authors: Zampogiannis Archontis , Piperi Christina , Baka Margarita , Zoi Iliana , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. , Moschovi Maria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIL‐23 is an IL‐12 cytokine family member with pleiotropic functions that regulates tumour growth in various cancer types, exhibiting both anti‐tumorigenic and pro‐tumorigenic properties. Preclinical studies have shown a potential anti‐leukemic action on childhood B‐ALL cells. The study involved 65 children with acute leukemia [59 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 6 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)] and 27 healthy controls. Using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, we aimed to determine the IL‐23 levels in the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of patients at diagnosis and at the end of the induction therapy (EIT). PB IL‐23 levels were lower in leukemia patients compared to the healthy controls. In all acute leukemia patients, IL‐23 levels were significantly lower at diagnosis both in PB (P = .015) and in BM (P = .037) compared to the PB and BM concentrations at the EIT. The same pattern was present in both subgroups of ALL and AML patients. The high leukemic burden at diagnosis was related with lower IL‐23 levels, which were increased with the disease remission. Considering the anti‐leukemic potential of this cytokine, the elevation of the IL‐23 concentration at the disease remission indicates a beneficial role of IL‐23 in paediatric acute leukemia.
Variation of the physical and aerodynamic properties of coffee cherries during drying: Determination and modeling
Authors: de Araujo Marcos Eduardo Viana , Corrêa Paulo Cesar , Barbosa Eloiny Guimarães , Martins Marcio Arêdes 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe reduction of moisture content in coffee cherries, during drying, directly influences their physical and aerodynamic properties and quality. The knowledge of these properties is essential for cost reduction, correct conservation, and defining parameters and operation of equipment in the main postharvest operations of the crop. In this study, the main physical properties (unit specific mass, sphericity, circularity, geometric diameter, projected area, volume, and volumetric contraction) and aerodynamic properties (terminal velocity and drag coefficient, actual, and theoretical) were determined during the coffee cherries drying. The reduction of the moisture content during drying provides a reduction of 30% in the specific density of coffee cherries. In addition, it promotes the reduction of sphericity, circularity, projected area, geometric diameter, and volume of the fruits. A volumetric reduction of 40% during the drying process was observed. A new model was proposed to represent the volumetric contraction of coffee cherries during drying. The experimental terminal velocity of coffee cherries decreased during the drying process, while the drag coefficient showed an increasing trend. The theoretical aerodynamic properties found in this study, presented values close to the experimental ones, representing satisfactorily the phenomena in the function of the moisture content.Practical ApplicationsCoffee is one of the most important commercial cultures in the world. The physical and aerodynamic properties are essential for the correct handling, separation, cleaning, storage, and transport of coffee. This data will provide important information needed to design different aspects of coffee processing (such as cleaning, sorting, and drying) and storage.
The relationship between postpartum depression and social support during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Terada Shuhei , Kinjo Kentaro , Fukuda Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThis study aims to examine the prevalence of postpartum depression and its relationship with social support adjusted for self‐perceived impact of COVID‐19 in parturient women admitted to a perinatal medical center in Japan.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 513 women who underwent a 1‐month postpartum checkup between August 3 and November 27, 2020. Postpartum depression was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Social support was measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the score was dichotomized using the Youden index. Nineteen demographic and obstetric characteristics were also assessed.ResultsPostpartum depression was observed in 35 (7.6%) of 461 women: 25 (26.6%) and 10 (2.7%) in the low‐ and high‐support groups, respectively. Women in the low‐support group were significantly more likely to have postpartum depression than those in the high‐support group (odds ratio [OR], 11.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4–27.3; p < 0.001). Furthermore, no interaction was observed between social support and the impact of COVID‐19 for postpartum depression (p = 0.32).ConclusionsThe prevalence of postpartum depression in the study institution was lower than that reported by previous studies in Japan. Moreover, social support was an important predictive factor for postpartum depression during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Increased fracture risk after discontinuation of anti‐osteoporosis medications among hip fracture patients: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Fu Shau‐Huai , Wang Chen‐Yu , Hung Chih‐Chien , Lee Chia‐Che , Yang Rong‐Sen , Huang Chuan‐Ching , Farn Chui‐Jia , Lin Wei‐Hsin , Chen Ho‐Min , Hsiao Fei‐Yuan , Lin Jou‐Wei , Li Chung‐Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the risks of major osteoporotic, vertebral, and non‐vertebral fractures between patients who discontinued anti‐osteoporosis medications.MethodsWe conducted a comparative effectiveness study with a nationwide population‐based cohort study design. Patients aged ≥50 years admitted between 2012 and 2015 for incident hip fractures and receiving denosumab or bisphosphonates with sufficient compliance for at least 1 year were included. Patients were categorized into persistent or non‐persistent denosumab or bisphosphonates users based on their subsequent use pattern. The main outcomes were subsequent hospitalizations for a major osteoporotic, vertebral or non‐vertebral fracture. Multivariate, time‐varying Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the risk of major outcomes.ResultsCompared with persistent denosumab users, non‐persistent denosumab users had a significantly higher risk of major osteoporotic fractures (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–2.14), vertebral fractures (HR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.46–3.24) and death (HR = 3.57; 95%CI, 2.63–4.84). However, the increased risk of fracture was not found in both persistent and non‐persistent bisphosphonates users. Noteworthy, the increased risk of vertebral fractures in non‐persistent denosumab users was more pronounced within 1 year post‐discontinuation (HR = 2.90; 95% CI, 1.77–4.74) and among patients who discontinued from 2‐year denosumab therapy (HR = 3.58; 95% CI, 1.74–7.40).DiscussionDiscontinuation of denosumab resulted in an increased risk of major osteoporotic fractures, especially vertebral fractures. The increased risk tends to reveal within 1 year post‐discontinuation and be greater after a longer treatment duration. Notably, only fracture with hospitalization was identified as our research outcome, the real risk of osteoporotic fracture post discontinuation is believed to be higher, especially for vertebral fracture.
The finer details? The predictability of life outcomes from Big Five domains, facets, and nuances
Authors: Stewart Ross David , Mõttus René , Seeboth Anne , Soto Christopher John , Johnson Wendy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAssociations between personality traits and life outcomes are usually studied using the Big Five domains and, occasionally, their facets. But recent research suggests these associations may be driven by the items (reflecting personality nuances) chosen to measure these traits. Using a large dataset (N = 6126), we examined associations with 53 self‐reported outcomes using domains, facets and items (markers for nuances), training and validating models in different sample partitions. Facets better predicted outcomes than domains (on average, 18.0% versus 16.6% of variance explained), but items provided the most accurate predictions (on average 20.9%). Removing domain and facet variance from items had no effect on their predictive validity, suggesting that outcome‐related information was often in items' unique variances (i.e., nuance‐specific). Item‐based prediction also showed the highest discriminant validity. These observations, replicating previous findings, suggest that personality traits' valid associations with outcomes are often driven by narrow personality nuances.
Relationships of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with the previous and subsequent nights’ sleep in children and youth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Wendy Yajun , Ho Robin Sze‐Tak , Tremblay Mark S. , Wong Stephen Heung‐Sang 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe interrelationships between sleep and daytime movement behaviours have been examined at interindividual level. Studies of within‐person, temporal relationships of daytime physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour with the previous and subsequent nights’ sleep are increasing. The present systematic review and meta‐analysis synthesised the results of studies in school‐aged children and youth. Eight databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Global Health, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL) were searched for peer‐reviewed articles that examined the association between daytime movement behaviours (including PA, sedentary time, or sedentary recreational screen time) and night‐time sleep on the same day, or the association between night‐time sleep and daytime movement behaviours the next day, in children and youth. A total of 11 studies comprising 9,622 children and youth aged 5–15 years met the inclusion criteria. Sedentary time was negatively associated with the subsequent night’s sleep duration (r = −0.12, 95% confidence interval −0.23 to −0.00; I2 = 93%; p = .04). Positive relationships between PA and the previous or subsequent night’s sleep duration were observed only for studies that adjusted for accelerometer wear time. There was some evidence suggesting that a longer sleep duration was associated with less sedentary time and a higher proportion of the daytime spent being physically active and vice versa, although the association was weak and based on a limited number of studies. From a clinical perspective, promotion of either sleep hygiene or daytime PA should be planned with considerations of the virtuous or vicious circle between these behaviours and monitor concurrent effects on the others.