bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking success, integrity, and culture in research (part 2) — a multi-actor qualitative study on problems of science
Authors: Aubert Bonn Noémie , Pinxten Wim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Research misconduct and questionable research practices have been the subject of increasing attention in the past few years. But despite the rich body of research available, few empirical works also include the perspectives of non-researcher stakeholders.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups with policy makers, funders, institution leaders, editors or publishers, research integrity office members, research integrity community members, laboratory technicians, researchers, research students, and former-researchers who changed career to inquire on the topics of success, integrity, and responsibilities in science. We used the Flemish biomedical landscape as a baseline to be able to grasp the views of interacting and complementary actors in a system setting.

Results
Given the breadth of our results, we divided our findings in a two-paper series with the current paper focusing on the problems that affect the integrity and research culture. We first found that different actors have different perspectives on the problems that affect the integrity and culture of research. Problems were either linked to personalities and attitudes, or to the climates in which researchers operate. Elements that were described as essential for success (in the associate paper) were often thought to accentuate the problems of research climates by disrupting research culture and research integrity. Even though all participants agreed that current research climates need to be addressed, participants generally did not feel responsible nor capable of initiating change. Instead, respondents revealed a circle of blame and mistrust between actor groups.

Conclusions
Our findings resonate with recent debates, and extrapolate a few action points which might help advance the discussion. First, the research integrity debate must revisit and tackle the way in which researchers are assessed. Second, approaches to promote better science need to address the impact that research climates have on research integrity and research culture rather than to capitalize on individual researchers’ compliance. Finally, inter-actor dialogues and shared decision making must be given priority to ensure that the perspectives of the full research system are captured. Understanding the relations and interdependency between these perspectives is key to be able to address the problems of science.

Study registration
https://osf.io/33v3m
7-T MRI for brain virtual autopsy: a proof of concept in comparison to 3-T MRI and CT
Authors: Gascho Dominic , Zoelch Niklaus , Sommer Stefan , Tappero Carlo , Thali Michael J. , Deininger-Czermak Eva 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe detection and assessment of cerebral lesions and traumatic brain injuries are of particular interest in forensic investigations in order to differentiate between natural and traumatic deaths and to reconstruct the course of events in case of traumatic deaths. For this purpose, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are applied to supplement autopsy (traumatic death) or to supplant autopsy (natural deaths). This approach is termed “virtual autopsy.” The value of this approach increases as more microlesions and traumatic brain injuries are detected and assessed. Focusing on these findings, this article describes the examination of two decedents using CT, 3-T, and 7-T MRI. The main question asked was whether there is a benefit in using 7-T over 3-T MRI. To answer this question, the 3-T and 7-T images were graded regarding the detectability and the assessability of coup/contrecoup injuries and microlesions using 3-point Likert scales. While CT missed these findings, they were detectable on 3-T and 7-T MRI. However, the 3-T images appeared blurry in direct comparison with the 7-T images; thus, the detectability and assessability of small findings were hampered on 3-T MRI. The potential benefit of 7-T over 3-T MRI is discussed.
Biological control of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) by Entomopathogenic fungi and their side effects on natural enemies
Authors: Corallo Ana Belén , Pechi Evelin , Bettucci Lina , Tiscornia Susana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is an insect pest species responsible for damages of citrus fruit quality and tree health. This insect is a vector of bacteria ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ spp. a putative causal agent of citrus greening disease known as Huanglongbing (HLB), considered one of the most destructive diseases of citrus orchards worldwide. Disease management is mainly based on vector control using pesticides which can affect natural enemies that play an important role in pest control. The entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Beauveria bassiana (2067 and 2121) and Metarhizium anisopliae (2411) were achieved by applying a suspension of 1 × 107 spores against D. citri nymphs and artificially infected the citrus seedlings under controlled and semi-field conditions. Also, the activity of these EPFs on the coccinellid and lacewing predators was evaluated. The effects of the main chemicals used in citrus plantations on the selected fungi for possible combined use was also investigated.

Results
The obtained results showed that under controlled conditions, the percentage of insect mortality produced by EPF varied between 82.8 and 85.9%. Under semi-field conditions, the infection and mortality of D. citri caused by the M. anisopliae 2411 strain was significantly higher than that of B. bassiana 2067, 78.9 and 51%, respectively. Non-significant effect of EPF on the natural enemies of D. citri was observed, suggesting that EPF and predators had compatible effects.

Conclusion
This study clearly demonstrated that EPF were able to kill D. citri and can be explored as a promissory biocontrol candidate. Simultaneous use in an integrated pest management program could be possible by applying EPF combined with pesticides.
Muscle biopsy essential diagnostic advice for pathologists
Authors: Cotta Ana , Carvalho Elmano , da-Cunha-Júnior Antonio Lopes , Valicek Jaquelin , Navarro Monica M. , Junior Sidney Baptista , da Silveira Eni Braga , Lima Maria Isabel , Cordeiro Bruno Arrivabene , Cauhi Alexandre Faleiros , Menezes Miriam Melo , Nunes Simone Vilela , Vargas Antonio Pedro , Neto Rafael Xavier , Paim Julia Filardi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Muscle biopsies are important diagnostic procedures in neuromuscular practice. Recent advances in genetic analysis have profoundly modified Myopathology diagnosis.

Main body
The main goals of this review are: (1) to describe muscle biopsy techniques for non specialists; (2) to provide practical information for the team involved in the diagnosis of muscle diseases; (3) to report fundamental rules for muscle biopsy site choice and adequacy; (4) to highlight the importance of liquid nitrogen in diagnostic workup. Routine techniques include: (1) histochemical stains and reactions; (2) immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence; (3) electron microscopy; (4) mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymatic studies; and (5) molecular studies. The diagnosis of muscle disease is a challenge, as it should integrate data from different techniques.

Conclusion
Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded muscle samples alone almost always lead to inconclusive or unspecific results. Liquid nitrogen frozen muscle sections are imperative for neuromuscular diagnosis. Muscle biopsy interpretation is possible in the context of detailed clinical, neurophysiological, and serum muscle enzymes data. Muscle imaging studies are strongly recommended in the diagnostic workup. Muscle biopsy is useful for the differential diagnosis of immune mediated myopathies, muscular dystrophies, congenital myopathies, and mitochondrial myopathies. Muscle biopsy may confirm the pathogenicity of new gene variants, guide cost-effective molecular studies, and provide phenotypic diagnosis in doubtful cases. For some patients with mitochondrial myopathies, a definite molecular diagnosis may be achieved only if performed in DNA extracted from muscle tissue due to organ specific mutation load.
Bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine versus bupivacaine-nalbuphine in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study
Authors: Mohamed H. S. , Gad G. S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundBrachial plexus block is frequently performed for ambulatory upper limb surgery as an alternative to general anesthesia. It can significantly reduce pain, reduce post-operative nausea, and vomiting and allowing for faster discharge from hospital. Performing this block under ultrasound guidance has higher index of safety and can monitor the distribution of local anesthetic (LA) in real time.The aim of this study is to compare the block characteristics among bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine (BD), bupivacaine–nalbuphine8 (BN), and bupivacaine-isotonic saline groups.ResultsThe duration of both the sensory and motor blockade was statistically longer in both BD and BN groups with a longer duration of analgesia compared to the BS group. Also, the BD group showed statistically significant higher sedation scores at different times during the study compared with both the BN and BS groups.ConclusionAdding either dexmedetomidine or nalbuphine to isobaric bupivacaine in US-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block prolongs both sensory and motor blockade. Dexmedetomidine produces significant sedation when added to bupivacaine.
CT characteristics and laboratory findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in relation to patient outcome
Authors: Mohamed Ibrahim A. I. , Hasan Hosam A. , Abdel-Tawab Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the chest computed tomography (CT) characteristics and laboratory findings in patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and to evaluate their relationship with clinical outcome.This retrospective study assessed164consecutive CT chests of COVID-19 patients during April 2020. The chest CT and laboratory data were analyzed. The primary endpoint was patient survival either died or survived. The relationship between CT and laboratory findings was correlated to patient outcome.ResultsThe study group included 164 patients (86 male, 78 women; average age, 44.3 ± 16.5 years) whose RT-PCR were positive for COVID-19. Only 120 (73.2%) patients had pulmonary manifestations. Ground glass opacities of peripheral distribution and multifocal affection were the major CT finding in COVID-19 patients. Univariate analysis revealed that CT severity score, D-dimer level, age, total leucocytic count, and absolute lymphocytic count were predictive for death.ConclusionCT has an emerging role in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia and in assessing disease severity. CT severity score, D-dimer, total leucocytic count, and absolute lymphocytic count significantly predict patient survival.
A mixed-methods protocol for identifying successful sustainability strategies for nutrition and physical activity interventions in childcare
Authors: Swindle Taren , Zhang Dong , Johnson Susan L. , Whiteside-Mansell Leanne , Curran Geoff M. , Martin Janna , Selig James P. , Bellows Laura L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the importance of sustainability for nutrition and physical activity in public health interventions, limited studies have explored the factors that promote and inhibit evidence-based program sustainment in the childcare setting. This study protocol describes a mixed-methods approach to develop novel sustainability strategies based on real-world settings and stakeholder feedback, with the goal of providing support for future obesity prevention programs and related studies on intervention sustainability. Two interventions, Together, We Inspire Smart Eating (WISE) and The Food Friends’ (FF) Fun with New Foods and Get Movin’ with Might Moves, are studied to this end.MethodsThe study will deploy an explanatory, sequential mixed-methods design. First, the research team will collect a quantitative survey to assess rates of sustainment among WISE and Food Friends sites. We expect to collect 150 surveys from WISE and FF sites combined. Data from these surveys will be used to purposively sample sites for 12 to 18 site visits. Specifically, we will purposively sample low, partial, and high sustaining sites where we will conduct key informant interviews and focus groups as well as validate self-reports on sustainability. Survey content, qualitative interviews, and coding will be based on the Dynamic Sustainability Framework. We will draw on findings from the quantitative survey on predictors of sustainment and the qualitative site visits to understand varying levels of program sustainment. Then, we will utilize evidence-based quality improvement sessions to engage stakeholders in developing a multi-component sustainability strategy.DiscussionThis study will provide a stakeholder-informed sustainability strategy ready for testing in a full-scale trial examining effects on sustainment of evidence-based nutrition and physical activity practices in childcare. We expect this strategy to be relevant for educators and consistent with the views of administrators as a guide for future practice for the targeted nutrition and physical activity interventions and beyond.
Preoperative BMI Predicts Postoperative Weight Gain in Adult-onset Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Duan Daisy , Wehbeh Leen , Mukherjee Debraj , Hamrahian Amir H , Rodriguez Fausto J , Gujar Sachin , Khalafallah Adham M , Hage Camille , Caturegli Patrizio , Gallia Gary L , Ahima Rexford S , Maruthur Nisa M , Salvatori Roberto 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Context
Craniopharyngiomas, while benign, have the highest morbidity of all nonmalignant sellar tumors. Studies on weight and metabolic outcomes in adult-onset craniopharyngioma (AOCP) remain sparse.

Objective
To examine postsurgical weight and metabolic outcomes in AOCP and to identify any clinical predictors of weight gain.

Methods
Retrospective chart review of patients with AOCP who underwent surgery between January 2014 and May 2019 in a single pituitary center. The study included 45 patients with AOCP with a minimum follow-up of 3 months. Median follow-up time was 26 months (interquartile range [IQR] 10-44). Main outcome measures were the changes in weight/body mass index (BMI), metabolic comorbidities, and pituitary deficiencies between preoperative and last follow-up.

Results
Both weight and BMI were higher at last follow-up, with a mean increase of 3.4 kg for weight (P = .015) and 1.15 kg/m2 for BMI (P = .0095). Median % weight change was 2.7% (IQR –1.1%, 8.8%). Obesity rate increased from 37.8% at baseline to 55.6% at last follow-up. One-third of patients had ~15% median weight gain. The prevalence of metabolic comorbidities at last follow-up was not different from baseline. Pituitary deficiencies increased postoperatively, with 58% of patients having ≥3 hormonal deficiencies. Preoperative BMI was inversely associated with postoperative weight gain, which remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, race, tumor, and treatment characteristics. Patients with ≥3 hormonal deficiencies at last follow-up also had higher postoperative weight gain.

Conclusion
In this AOCP cohort, those with a lower BMI at the preoperative visit had higher postoperative weight gain. Our finding may help physicians better counsel patients and provide anticipatory guidance on postoperative expectations and management.
Body Habitus Across the Lifespan and Risk of Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Cote David J , Smith Timothy R , Kaiser Ursula B , Laws Edward R , Stampfer Meir J 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContextNo studies have examined the association between body habitus and incidence of pituitary adenoma.ObjectiveTo determine if body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body somatotype, or height are associated with risk of pituitary adenoma.DesignPooled analysis of 3 prospective cohort studies.SettingPopulation-based study.ParticipantsParticipants of the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII), and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), totaling 284 946 American health professionals.ExposuresBMI, waist circumference, body somatotype, and height.Outcome MeasuresSelf-reported incident pituitary adenoma. Multivariable (MV)-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of pituitary adenoma were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsDuring 7 350 156 person-years of follow-up, 387 incident pituitary adenomas were reported. Comparing BMI of ≥30 to &lt;25 kg/m2, higher adult BMI was associated with higher risk of pituitary adenoma (MV HR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.33-2.28), as was higher maximum adult BMI (MV HR = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.34-2.30), higher waist circumference (MV HR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04-1.09 per inch), and higher BMI during early adulthood (at age 18 to 21, MV HR = 2.65; 95% CI, 1.56-4.49). Taller adult height was associated with pituitary adenoma (MV HR = 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09 per inch). Overall findings were similar in women and men, although power was limited in men (n = 62 cases). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the association between adult BMI and pituitary adenoma extended to at least 14 years prior to diagnosis and that the results were not affected when analyses were restricted to participants with similar healthcare utilization.ConclusionHigher BMI and waist circumference, from early adulthood to the time of diagnosis, were associated with higher risk of pituitary adenoma.
Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Activates Neuroprotective Growth Factors in Hypoxic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice
Authors: Jung Susan , Terörde Klara , Dörr Helmuth-Günther , Trollmann Regina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia severely disrupts cerebral metabolic and maturational programs beyond apoptotic cell death. Antiapoptotic treatments such as erythropoietin are suggested to improve outcomes in hypoxic brain injury; however, the results are controversial. We analyzed the neuroprotective effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on regenerative mechanisms in the hypoxic developing mouse brain in comparison to controls. Using an established model of neonatal acute hypoxia (8% O2, 6 hours), P7 mice were treated intraperitoneally with rhGH (4000 µg/kg) 0, 12, and 24 hours after hypoxic exposure. After a regeneration period of 48 hours, expression of hypoxia-inducible neurotrophic factors (erythropoietin [EPO], vascular endothelial growth factor A [VEGF-A], insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 [IGF-1/-2], IGF binding proteins) and proinflammatory markers was analyzed. In vitro experiments were performed using primary mouse cortical neurons (E14, DIV6). rhGH increased neuronal gene expression of EPO, IGF-1, and VEGF (P &lt; .05) in vitro and diminished apoptosis of hypoxic neurons in a dose-dependent manner. In the developing brain, rhGH treatment led to a notable reduction of apoptosis in the subventricular zone and hippocampus (P &lt; .05), abolished hypoxia-induced downregulation of IGF-1/IGF-2 expression (P &lt; .05), and led to a significant accumulation of endogenous EPO protein and anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α signaling as well as upregulation of cerebral phosphorylated extracellularly regulated kinase 1/2 levels (ERK1/2). Indicating stabilizing effects on the blood-brain barrier (BBB), rhGH significantly modified cerebrovascular occludin expression. Thus, we conclude that rhGH mediates neuroprotective effects by the activation of endogenous neurotrophic growth factors and BBB stabilization. In addition, the modification of ERK1/2 pathways is involved in neuroprotective actions of rhGH. The present study adds further evidence that pharmacologic activation of neurotrophic growth factors may be a promising target for neonatal neuroprotection.
Dreaming in the Delta
Authors: Zook Kristal Brent 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In 1990, in Indianola, Mississippi, there was a catfish-processing plant owned by 178 White male farmers. The workforce inside the plant was ninety percent Black and female. Led by an ordinary working mother turned union organizer named Sarah White, the women at Delta Pride led the largest strike of Black laborers ever to take place in that state, and won. Kristal Brent Zook, an award-winning journalist, traveled to Indianola to meet with White and others in an effort to understand the plight of working class women in the modern-day South. What she found there taught her as much about herself, as it did about human rights and dignity in America today.
Cutting across Imperial Feminisms toward Transnational Feminist Solidarities
Authors: Deb Basuli 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Photography, not only by imperial men but also by imperial women, has played a significant role in portraying the Muslim woman as the apolitical exotic of orientalist fantasies, its legacies haunting the media of the global North even today. Imperial feminist representations about Muslim women have also marked the rhetoric of Hillary Clinton, Laura Bush, Cherie Booth, and Condoleezza Rice. In contrast, this article draws on various photographic counter-narratives, among them “the girl in the blue bra,” that transnational feminists circulated through social media during the 2011 people’s uprising in Egypt as well as on the iconic pan-Arab feminist leader Huda Shaarawi to evoke powerful images of Muslim women. Finally, the essay turns to transnational feminists such as Angela Davis, Trinh T. Minh-ha, Cynthia Enloe, Miriam Cooke, and Zillah Eisenstein for cross-border feminist work that cuts across imperial feminist practices.
Rethinking Meridians
Authors: Whitehead Karsonya Wise 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Alice Walker in her book, In Search of Our Mothers’ Garden, notes that when you write the book you want to read, you are both pointing and following your “direction of vision.” As a writer and a Black feminist scholar, the author understood this to mean that she needed to craft the tools that would help her to do her work. Rethinking Meridians is the critical knowledge project, the tool, that she wanted to have in her hand when she was a classroom teacher. Consisting of articles and lesson plans, the special issue was designed as a disruption tool that would inspire teachers and students to transcend the notion of the classroom as a static, constrained, and unliberated space. By using the lens of transdisciplinarity, Rethinking Meridians examines Black feminist theory as a teaching tool and a pedagogical practice that challenges teachers to connect the work across disciplines and beyond them.
New Polymers Made from Carbon Dioxide and Alkenes
Authors: Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an attractive raw material for chemical synthesis owing to its abundance and low toxicity. Among various utilizations of CO2 for the synthesis of useful compounds, this article focuses on its use for polymer synthesis. While synthesis of polyurea, polyurethane, and aliphatic and aromatic polycarbonates have been well-studied, this article focuses on another class of approach that uses a lactone derived from CO2 and 1,3-butadiene. Recent publications are summarized in relation to our synthesis of polylactone.