bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel type of References for Weight Aligned for Onset of Puberty - using the QEPS Growth Model
Authors: Albertsson-Wikland Kerstin , Niklasson Aimon , Gelander Lars , Holmgren Anton , Nierop Andreas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Growth references are traditionally constructed relative to chronological age, despite inter-individual variations in pubertal timing. A new type of height reference was recently developed allowing growth to be aligned based on onset of pubertal growth. We here aim to develop a corresponding reference for pubertal weight. Methods: To model QEPS-weight, 3595 subjects (1779 girls) from GrowUp1974Gothenburg and GrowUp1990Gothenburg were used. The QEPS-height-model was transformed to a corresponding QEPS-weight-model; thereafter, QEPS-weight was modified by an individual, constitutional weight-height-factor. Longitudinal weight and length/height measurements from 1418 individuals (698 girls) from GrowUp1990Gothenburg were then used to create weight references aligned for height at pubertal onset (the age at 5% of P-function growth, AgeP5). GrowUp1974Gothenburg subgroups based on pubertal timing, stature at pubertal onset, and childhood body composition were assessed using the references. Results: References (median, SDS) for total weight (QEPS-functions), weight specific to puberty (P-function), and weight gain in the absence of specific pubertal growth (basic weight, QES-functions), allowing alignment of individual growth based on age at pubertal onset. For both sexes, basic weight was greater than average for late maturing, tall and high-BMI subgroups. The P-function-related weight was greater than average in short and lower than average in tall children, in those with high BMI, and in girls but not boys with low BMI. Conclusions: New pubertal weight references allow individual variations in pubertal timing to be taken into consideration when evaluating growth. When used together with the comparable pubertal height reference, this will improve growth monitoring in clinical practice for identifying abnormal growth, and serve as a valuable research tool providing insight into human growth.
Effect of Carvacrol on Inflammatory Factors and Myelin Repair in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis on Female Lewis Rats
Authors: Ahmadi Mahdie , Eidi Akram , Khaksarian Mojtaba , Ahmadvand Hassan , Sotoodehnejadnematalahi Fattah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Carvacrol is a phenolic monoterpene constituent of essential oils produced by plants such as Nigella sativa. This study examined the therapeutic effects of carvacrol in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE induction was performed on female Lewis rats and, after appearance of the first clinical signs, a second EAE group received carvacrol intraperitoneally each day for 17 days. Clinical symptoms and body weight were assessed daily. All animals sacrificed and histological and gene expression analysis of the spinal cord were performed. The carvacrol treated group scored lower for disease after therapeutic administration than the control group. Gene expression analysis on the carvacrol treated group showed a decrease in TNF-α, NF-ҚB and IL-17 (pro-inflammatory) gene expression and an increase in MBP and OLIG2 remyelination markers. In the carvacrol treated group, H&E stain of spinal cord sections revealed a remarkable decrease in the amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. Immunostaining of lumbar spinal cord sections demonstrated a remarkable increase in MBP and a decrease in IL-17 secretion in the carvacrol treated group. These results demonstrate that carvacrol had a beneficial therapeutic effect and anti-inflammatory properties that significantly reduced the clinical scores and promoted myelin repair.
Effect of Astragaloside IV On Precartilaginous Stem Cells to Promote Bone Development in Rats
Authors: Jiang Zhizhou , Yin Hang , Zhao Lei , Jiang Jianyong , Ni Jinbo , Sun Jiewei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of astragaloside IV in promoting bone development by promoting the proliferation of precartilaginous stem cells. Methods To co-cultured the cells from the resting chondrocyte of growth plate and LaCroix of 24-hours old rats,and identified by FGFR-3 staining. Choosing astragaloside IV induce precartilaginous stem cells cultured in vitro, using Collagen type Ⅱ monoclonal antibody staining and MTT to test cell biological characteristics. Four 4 weeks old SD rats were selected and divided into an experimental group and control group, 24 rats in each group. The rats in the experimental group were injected with astragalus injection in a dose of 8.0g / kg once a day. The rats in the other group were injected with the same amount of normal saline. The 3rd and 5th week after feeding, 12 rats were killed, and the tibial length was measured by vernier caliper.Rusults The FGFR-3 staining was positive, which proved that the cultured cells were precartilaginous stem cells. Collagen typeⅡmonoclonal antibody staining is positive and the OD value detected by MTT test was higher, after astragaloside IV induced the precartilaginous stem cells. After astragaloside IV injection, the tibial length of experimental group measured by vernier caliper was significantly higher than that of the control group.Conclusion astragaloside IV can promote the proliferation and biological characteristics of precartilaginous stem cells, and then promote bone development.
Improving the Experience of Patients in Contact Isolation by Human-centred Design: A Proof of Concept Study Using Patient Journey Mapping
Authors: Dekker Mireille , Koning Judith P.M. de , Melles Marijke , Sonneveld Marieke H. , Mansfeld Rosa van , Jongerden Irene P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Patient information provision about isolation measures is often not standardised. Moreover, it is unclear what information patients and informal caregivers need to optimize their knowledge and actual experience of contact isolation. We explored opportunities for improving the experience of patients in contact isolation from a human-centred design perspective.Methods We used patient journey mapping and created patient personas based on observations and interviews with patients and health care workers from a haematology, surgery and acute admission ward of a Dutch university hospital.Results Patients differed in their experience of contact isolation; three personas were identified. The first liked being in contact isolation, the second had to get used to the measures, the third experienced contact isolation as overwhelming. Patients experienced a lack in structured and tailored information about contact isolation. Nurses confirmed this lack of structure and reported their need for clear instructions on how to inform patients and their informal caregivers and what information to provide at which point in time. By using a human-centred design approach, we created a first draft of an interactive information path for patients, informal care givers and health care workers.Conclusion To improve the patient experience in contact isolation, patient information could be structured throughout the patient journey. Information should emphasize the shared responsibility of isolation between patient, health care workers and informal caregivers.
Two-stage Total Knee Arthroplasty in the Treatment of Advanced Knee Septic Arthritis: A Single-center Experience
Authors: Wang Hong , Teng Yuanjun , Wang Xingwen , Zhang Shifeng , Xu Tianen , Han Hua , XIA Yayi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Septic arthritis (SA) is defined as the joint inflammation secondary to bacterial infection with a potentially fatal condition, but with no established approach treatment currently. Two-stage primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with an antibiotic-laden cement spacer has been shown to be effective in treating SA of the knee in individual cases. We reported our cases to contribute to current information on two-stage TKA for the treatment of advanced SA in the knee jointMethods: We retrospectively screened the clinical profiles of 11 patients who were suffering from SA in their knee joints and underwent two-stage TKA with an antibiotic-laden cement spacer. Information on inflammatory serological markers was summarised, and statistical comparisons of Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores were performed. The degrees of the range of motion (ROM) in the pre-, interval- and post-operation periods were obtained, and the significance level was set at a p value of <0.05.Results: Infection in the knee joint was eliminated in all 11 patients with the two-stage TKA with an antibiotic-laden cement spacer. C-reactive protein levels returned to normal after 3.4 ± 1.4 weeks (range, 1–6 weeks), whereas erythrocyte sedimentation rate returned to normal levels after 16.3 ± 3.0 weeks (range, 13–23 weeks). The means of HSS scores and ROM degrees significantly increased after the first and second stages of surgery (p < 0.05). No difference in HSS score was observed in three periods between age groups, genders, microorganism culture results or comorbidities in our study.Conclusions: Two-stage TKA appears to be an a reliable alternative for the treatment of advanced knee SA, providing an encouraging final clinical outcome in controlling infection, relieving clinical severity and improving the function of the keen joint.
D-Pinitol Protected Against Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Via Modulation of AFT4-CHOP/GRP78 and Caspase-3 Signaling Pathways
Authors: Yan Lei , Luo Heng , Li Xingsheng , Li Yongyong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major unavoidable clinical problem often occurs during various liver surgery and transplantation. D-Pinitol, a cyclic polyol, showed its hepatoprotective efficacy in clinical and experimental settings. Aim: To determine the potential and possible mechanism of pinitol against ER stress regulation-mediated hepatic IRI in experimental rats.Materials and methods: Male SD rats were pre-treated with pinitol for 21 days and then subjected to 60 min. of partial hepatic ischemia followed by 24 h. of reperfusion. Various parameters were evaluated, including liver function tests, inflammatory release, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and structural modifications.Results: Pre-treatment with pinitol (10 and 20 mg/kg) effectively protected IRI-induced hepatic damage reflected by attenuation of elevated AST, ALT, oxidative stress (SOD, GSH, MDA and NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL’s) release. Interestingly, western blot and ELISA analysis suggested that pinitol significantly down-regulated the expression of ER stress apoptotic markers, namely GRP78, CHOP, AFT-4, AFT-6α, XBP-1, and caspase-3, 9 and 12. Additionally, pinitol pre-treatment improved mitochondrial function and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and P38. Pinitol markedly protected IRI-induced hepatic apoptosis determined by flow cytometry. The hepatic histological and ultrastructural aberration induced by IRI was effectively protected by pinitol. Conclusion: Findings of the present investigation suggested that pinitol offered protection against ER stress-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, thereby inhibited AFT4-CHOP/GRP78 signaling response and induction of caspase-3 induced hepatocellular apoptosis during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion insults.
Intramedullary antibiotic perfusion for the control of fracture-related infection early after osteosynthesis
Authors: Maruo Akihiro , Oda Takahiro , Miya Hidetoshi , Muratsu Hirotsugu , Fukui Tomoaki , Oe Keisuke , Kuroda Ryosuke , Niikura Takahiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn our hospital, cases of bone and soft tissue infections have been treated with continuous local antibiotic perfusion, which allows for continuous circulation of antibiotics throughout the infected lesion. We call this treatment “intramedullary antibiotic perfusion (iMAP)” for bone infection, such as fracture-related infection (FRI), and “intra-soft tissue antibiotic perfusion” for soft tissue infection. Many cases are treated with both modalities. To introduce “iMAP,” this study focused on FRI patients treated with only iMAP and reviewed their treatment outcomes.MethodsWe included ten patients who developed FRI early after osteosynthesis and were treated with CLAP, between 2004 and 2017. The iMAP needles were inserted near the deep-seated infected lesion, and an aminoglycoside antimicrobial was continuously administered slowly. Intravenous and oral antibiotics were administered after CLAP. Patient characteristics, age, pathogenic bacteria, used antimicrobials and duration of administration, concentrations of antimicrobial agents in blood and drainage fluid, fracture union rate, implant retention rate, duration of follow-up, and complications were evaluated.ResultsThe mean patients’ age was 59.9 years, and the mean follow-up was 2.5 years. The affected bones were the tibia (8 patients), humerus (1 patient), and fibula (1 patient). Internal fixation was performed at an average of 7.5 days after the injury. Deep infections developed on average 29.9 days after the operation. Pathogenic bacteria included methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in six patients, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two patients, and were unknown in two patients. CLAP was performed with astromicin, arbekacin, or gentamicin. The average duration of iMAP was 17.1 days. Antimicrobial concentrations were adjusted to appropriate levels. In all patients, the deep infection was eradicated while preserving the implants, and fracture union was achieved without any complications.ConclusionsiMAP is a novel local drug delivery system allowing high concentrations of antimicrobial agents without systemic adverse effects. It is a useful option in the treatment of FRI where implant retention is desired.
Fast Detection and Traceback-based Mitigation of Interest Flooding Attack
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Srivast Shashank 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
NDN Pending Interest Table (PIT) helps NDN by storing the state of a request within the router. This state information helps the router to redirect the data packet towards the requester. However, an attacker can send malicious requests, which could flood the PIT; this attack is known as Interest Flooding Attack (IFA). In our previous work, we have found the most relevant features needed to detect IFA and applied a few machine learning approaches for the offline detection of IFA. In this article, a trained Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifier has been deployed on each NDN router for the online detection of IFA. A novel traceback-based mitigation is proposed, which is triggered after the detection. The proposed approach is found better than the previous approach in terms of the satisfaction ratio and throughput of the legitimate consumers.
Capsaicin Inhibits Migration and Invasion via Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma By Up-Regulation of Cldn3 Expression
Authors: Feng Ji , Xu Yin , Wei Zhouling , Xia Yiju , Zhang Haoxiang , Shen Caifei , Wang Pu , Ran Wu , Fang Dianchun , Fang Yu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of capsaicin on migration and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the roles of claudin-3 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).Methods Cldn3 expression was detected in paired cancerous and adjacent normal esophageal tissues by IHC. The association of Cldn3 with clinical data was analyzed. The migration and invasion of ESCC cells were investigated by exposure of capsaicin. The migration and invasion of ESCC cells with Cldn3 silencing or Cldn3 overexpression were also evaluated. The effects of capsaicin on lung metastasis of ESCC with or without Cldn3 silencing were evaluated.Results: The positive expression of Cldn3 was associated with better prognosis of ESCC patients. Capsaicin attenuated migration and invasion of ESCC and inhibited EMT in a dose-dependent manner. Cldn3 silencing enhanced migration and invasion and EMT in ESCC cells. Cldn3 overexpression inhibited migration and invasion and EMT, similar to exposure of capsaicin. Cldn3 silencing also attenuated inhibition of migration and invasion and EMT by exposure of capsaicin. Cldn3 silencing attenuated inhibition of lung metastasis of ESCC by exposure of capsaicin in vivo.Conclusion The positive expression of Cldn3 showed a better prognosis of ESCC, which was a potentially prognostic indicator. Capsaicin inhibited migration and invasion of ESCC through up-regulation of Cldn3 and inhibition of EMT.
Glucose Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer Microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Ze , Lin Nan , Zhang Xingwang , Meng Zihui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Energy metabolism reprogramming (EMR) exerts a critical role in tumor progression and activation of tumor-associated immune cells. Understanding the structural changes upon metabolic networks of both cancer cells and immune settings is vital for the potential and effective incorporation of metabolism-targeted therapeutics clinically.Methods: In the present study, we used 33 tumor types’ transcriptome data from TCGA & UCSC and proteomic data from CPTAC to elaborate the EMR under the “Warburg Effect” in cancer. We assessed the role of metabolic enzymes in prognosis by redrawing the metabolic network and proportional hazards model (Cox) analysis. Based on machine learning, we identified determinants of tumor immune subtypes and used a scoring scheme for the correlation between immune cell infiltration and metabolic enzymes. Considering the immunophenotype relationship, we illustrated a novel bioinformatics horizontal alignment method.Results: Systematic profiling of EMR would shed light on the common and divergent metabolic characteristics between tumor cells as well as the tumor-associated microenvironment, and whether the metabolic characteristics of these cells remain stable or change in course of tumor progression, indicating metabolic plasticity. Conclusions: This article reviewed the recent understanding of metabolic changes in tumor progression and tumor-associated microenvironment’ phenotype and function, which could help clinical doctors to understand EMR in tumor progression and treatment resistance.
Genetic Profiles of Barrett’s Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in Japanese patients
Authors: Tokunaga Mamoru , Okimoto Kenichiro , Akizue Naoki , Ishikawa Kentaro , Hirotsu Yosuke , Amemiya Kenji , Ota Masayuki , Matsusaka Keisuke , Nishimura Motoi , Matsushita Kazuyuki , Ishikawa Tsubasa , Nagashima Ariki , Shiratori Wataru , Kaneko Tatsuya , Oura Hirotaka , Kanayama Kengo , Ohta Yuki , Taida Takashi , Saito Keiko , Matsumura Tomoaki , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Mochizuki Hitoshi , Arai Makoto , Kato Jun , Ikeda Jun-ichiro , Omata Masao , Kato Naoya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The genetic characteristics of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in the Japanese population is unclear. This study aims to investigate the genetic characteristics from nondysplastic BE (NDBE) to early EAC in Japan. Clinical information was collected. Moreover, the genetic profile of NDBE without concurrent dysplasia, early EAC, and surrounding BE were also investigated using endoscopic biopsy samples and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from Japanese patients by targeted next-generation sequencing. Immunohistochemical staining for p53 was also performed for EAC lesions. Targeted NGS was performed for 33 cases with 77 specimens. No significant difference exists in the NDBE group between the number of putative drivers per lesion in the short-segment Barrett’s esophagus (SSBE) and long-segment Barrett’s esophagus (LSBE) [0 (range, 0–1) vs. 0 (range, 0–1). p = 1.00]. TP53 putative drivers were found in two patients (16.7%) with nondysplastic SSBE. TP53 was the majority of putative drivers in both BE adjacent to EAC and EAC, accounting for 66.7% and 66.7%, respectively. More putative drivers per lesion were found in the EAC than in the NDBE group [1 (range, 0–3) vs. 0 (range, 0–1). p < 0.01]. The genetic variants of early EAC in the Japanese were similar to those in western countries. However, TP53 putative drivers were detected even in Japanese patients with nondysplastic SSBE. The risks of progression may not be underestimated and appropriate follow-ups may be necessary even in patients with SSBE.This study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000034247).
Knockdown of C3G Mitigates Post-Infarct Remodeling Via Regulation of ERK1/2, Bcl-2 and Bax in Rat Myocardial Cells
Authors: LI Gang , Deng Qin , Hu Sulei , Laukkanen Jari A. , Liu Cheng , Tang Ning 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of pro-survival integrin β1 subunit and its downstream components have been demonstrated to aggravate remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). However, as a component of integrin pathway, it is unclear whether knockdown of pro-survival C3G (rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts could have effect on myocardial remodeling. A rat model of MI was established by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. Infarcted myocardium and its border zones in Sprague-Dawley rats were transiently infected with C3G knockout lentivirus via local injection to knockdown C3G in the myocardium. Twelve weeks after injection with the lentiviruses, cardiomyocytic apoptosis and collagen in surviving myocardium, and left ventricle (LV) end-diastolic diameter were decreased, whereas LV weight / body weight ratio and LV ejection fraction were increased in MI group via down-regulation of pro-survival C3G, phosphorylated (p) ERK1/2 (phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase 1/2) and Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2), and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax in the surviving myocardium. On the other hand, treatment with the lentiviruses was found to delete C3G and diminish cell proliferation in vitro cardiac myocytic and fibroblastic cell lines respectively via down-regulation of p-ERK1/2 and Bcl-2, and up-regulation of Bax. In conlusion, knockdown of pro-survival C3G in myocardium may mitigate surviving myocardial remodeling after MI, possibly through regulation of p-ERK1/2, Bcl-2 and Bax in vivo cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts.
Facile Synthesis of CeO2 Blended CoWO4 Nanocomposites For High Photocatalytic Performance And Investigation of Their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Selvi S. , Jayamani N. , Barathi D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, novel CeO2/CoWO4 hetero structured nanocomposites (NCs) was synthesized via a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), UV-VisDRS and photo luminescence (PL) spectroscopy were categorized herein to gain the crystal structure, deep morphology, optical assets, and charge separation of the as-produced photocatalysts (PCs)respectively. Related by the pristine CoWO4,CeO2 and CeO2/CoWO4 photocatalyst was considered by enriched activity of them ethylene blue (MB)aqueous dye photodegradation under visible light exposure. Chiefly, the photodegradation efficacy of as-attained CeO2/CoWO4 photocatalyst exposed the premier decomposition ratio (92.5%) of MB dyein105 min among all samples, which was noticeably 1.8 and 2.2 folds over the pristine CeO2 (43 %) and CoWO4(60 %), separately. Likewise, the CeO2/CoWO4 PCs sustained satisfactory activity even after 4sequentialrecycling runs, signifying its great photocatalytic steadiness and robustness. Hence the ensuing superior PCs preferred the further efficient charge (e−-h+) separation, solid visible light fascination, and worthy interfacial energy transfer leads amid CoWO4 and CeO2nanoparticles (NPs).A likely mechanism liable for photodegradation was eventually projected. The synergistic things of antibacterial motion via CeO2/CoWO4 NCs were probed by the weld diffusion scheme. Thus, effort finding deals with a novel avenue for the growth of stable and proficient visible-light active PCs for environmental purification.