bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary innovations driving abiotic stress tolerance in C4 grasses and cereals
Authors: Pardo Jeremy , VanBuren Robert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGrasslands dominate the terrestrial landscape, and grasses have evolved complex and elegant strategies to overcome abiotic stresses. The C4 grasses are particularly stress tolerant and thrive in tropical and dry temperate ecosystems. Growing evidence suggests that the presence of C4 photosynthesis alone is insufficient to account for drought resilience in grasses, pointing to other adaptations as contributing to tolerance traits. The majority of grasses from the Chloridoideae subfamily are tolerant to drought, salt, and desiccation, making this subfamily a hub of resilience. Here, we discuss the evolutionary innovations that make C4 grasses so resilient, with a particular emphasis on grasses from the Chloridoideae (chloridoid) and Panicoideae (panicoid) subfamilies. We propose that a baseline level of resilience in chloridoid ancestors allowed them to colonize harsh habitats, and these environments drove selective pressure that enabled the repeated evolution of abiotic stress tolerance traits. Furthermore, we suggest that a lack of evolutionary access to stressful environments is partially responsible for the relatively poor stress resilience of major C4 crops compared to their wild relatives. We propose that chloridoid crops and the subfamily more broadly represent an untapped reservoir for improving resilience to drought and other abiotic stresses in cereals.
Resolving the Hubble tension in a U(1)$_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$ model with the Majoron
Authors: Araki Takeshi , Asai Kento , Honda Kei , Kasuya Ryuta , Sato Joe , Shimomura Takashi , Yang Masaki J S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We explore the possibility of resolving the Hubble tension and $(g-2)_{\mu}$ anomaly simultaneously in a U(1)$_{L_\mu - L_\tau}$ model with Majoron. We only focus on the case where the Majoron $\phi$ does not exist at the beginning of the universe and is created by neutrino inverse decay $\nu\nu\to \phi$ after electron–positron annihilation. In this case, the contributions of the new gauge boson $Z'$ and the Majoron $\phi$ to the effective number of neutrino species $N_{\rm eff}$ can be calculated in separate periods. These contributions are labelled $N'_{\rm eff}$ for the U(1)$_{L_\mu - L_\tau}$ gauge boson and $\Delta N_{\rm eff}^\prime$ for the Majoron. The effective number $N_{\rm eff} = N'_{\rm eff} + \Delta N_{\rm eff}^\prime$ is evaluated by the evolution equations of the temperatures and the chemical potentials of light particles in each period. As a result, we find that the heavier $Z'$ mass $m_{Z^\prime}$ results in a smaller $N_{\mathrm{eff}}^\prime$ and requires a larger $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}^\prime$ to resolve the Hubble tension. Therefore, compared to previous studies, the parameter region where the Hubble tension can be resolved is slightly shifted toward the larger value of $m_{Z^\prime}$.
Do Sex and Pain Characteristics Influence the Effectiveness of Pain Neuroscience Education in People Scheduled for Total Knee Arthroplasty? Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Huysmans Eva , Baeyens Jean-Pierre , Dueñas Lirios , Falla Deborah , Meeus Mira , Roose Eva , Nijs Jo , Lluch Girbés Enrique 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
This explorative study investigates the moderating effect of sex and baseline pain characteristics on the effectiveness of preoperative pain neuroscience education (PNE) plus knee joint mobilization versus biomedical education plus knee joint mobilization in patients who have knee osteoarthritis and are scheduled to undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods
After baseline assessment of self-reported questionnaires (pain intensity, disability, symptoms of central sensitization and pain cognitions) and quantitative sensory testing, 44 participants with knee osteoarthritis were randomized into the PNE plus knee joint mobilization or biomedical education plus knee joint mobilization group. The questionnaires were retaken directly after and 1 month after 4 sessions of treatment and at 3 months after surgery. Based on baseline quantitative sensory testing results, the sample was subdivided into a high (showing high experimental pain levels and low pressure pain thresholds) and low pain cluster using principal components analysis and cluster analysis. Therapy effects over time were evaluated using 3-way analysis of variance, with time as the within factor and treatment, sex, and baseline pain cluster as between factors.

Results
Women benefited significantly more from the PNE intervention compared with the control intervention in terms of self-reported symptoms of central sensitization. For both pain clusters, differences in therapeutic effects concerning pain intensity and pain cognitions were found, with higher superiority of the PNE intervention in the high-pain cluster subgroup compared with the low-pain cluster.

Conclusion
Based on these explorative analyses, it can be concluded that sex and preoperative pain measures may influence the effectiveness of preoperative PNE for some specific outcome measures in people scheduled to undergo TKA.

Impact
Although further research on this topic is needed, the potential influence of sex and preoperative pain measures on the effectiveness of preoperative PNE should be considered when implementing this intervention in people undergoing TKA.
paraSBOLv: a foundation for standard-compliant genetic design visualization tools
Authors: Clark Charlie J , Scott-Brown James , Gorochowski Thomas E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Diagrams constructed from standardized glyphs are central to communicating complex design information in many engineering fields. For example, circuit diagrams are commonplace in electronics and allow for a suitable abstraction of the physical system that helps support the design process. With the development of the Synthetic Biology Open Language Visual (SBOLv), bioengineers are now positioned to better describe and share their biological designs visually. However, the development of computational tools to support the creation of these diagrams is currently hampered by an excessive burden in maintenance due to the large and expanding number of glyphs present in the standard. Here, we present a Python package called paraSBOLv that enables access to the full suite of SBOLv glyphs through the use of machine-readable parametric glyph definitions. These greatly simplify the rendering process while allowing extensive customization of the resulting diagrams. We demonstrate how the adoption of paraSBOLv can accelerate the development of highly specialized biodesign visualization tools or even form the basis for more complex software by removing the burden of maintaining glyph-specific rendering code. Looking forward, we suggest that incorporation of machine-readable parametric glyph definitions into the SBOLv standard could further simplify the development of tools to produce standard-compliant diagrams and the integration of visual standards across fields.
Temephos Decreases Sperm Quality and Fertilization Rate and Is Metabolized in Rat Reproductive Tissues at Low-Dose Exposure
Authors: Ramos-Flores Ángel , Camacho-Hernández Israel , Sierra-Santoyo Adolfo , Solís-Heredia María de Jesús , Verdín-Betancourt Francisco Alberto , Parra-Forero Lyda Yuliana , López-González Ma de Lourdes , Hernández-Ochoa Isabel , Quintanilla-Vega Betzabet 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Temephos is an organophosphorus pesticide used in control campaigns against vectors that transmit diseases, including dengue, a public health concern. The WHO classifies temephos in category III and its safe concentration (low-observable-adverse-effect level) in male rats is 100 mg/kg/day for up to 44 days. Temephos inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and is metabolized in different tissues, probably by mixed-function oxidases; one of its metabolites is bisphenol S (BPS), which is considered an endocrine disruptor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of temephos on sperm function and its biotransformation in the testis, epididymis, and other tissues to explore its toxicity in rats treated with 100 mg/kg/day/5 or 7 days (gavage). AChE activity was inhibited 70% starting on day 3 and 13 or 41% mortality was observed at 5 or 7 days, respectively. After 7 days, temephos significantly decreased sperm motility (30%) and viability (10%) and increased (10%) lipoperoxidation, and the sperm DNA exhibited no damage. Temephos was distributed and metabolized in all tissues, with the highest levels observed in the adipose tissue and temephos levels were 16-fold higher in the epididymis than in the testis. Notably, BPS was observed in the testis. At 5 days, decreased sperm motility (12.5%) and viability (5.7%) were observed and sperm fertilization decreased (30%). These results suggest that temephos decreases sperm quality and fertilization capacity at recommended safe concentrations and that it is metabolized in male reproductive tissues. This pesticide places the reproductive health of exposed people at risk, suggesting the need to reevaluate its toxicity.
A Clinical Trial to Assess the Role of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Smoking Cessation in an Egyptian Sample
Authors: Nawara Mayar , Abd El Moneam Mohamed H.E. , Elkholy Hussien , Elhabiby Mahmoud , Rabie Menan A. , ELNahas Gihan 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) increases the likelihood of smoking cessation after 6 months of treatment

Methods:
A randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial is conducted by enrolling 54 tobacco users divided into 2 equal groups; one group receiving active rTMS and the other group receiving a sham rTMS. Both groups were followed up for 24 weeks after treatment for abstinence using the Nicotine Use Inventory, cigarette consumption, cravings by Arabic Tobacco Craving Questionnaire-12.

Results:
Fifty-four subjects received the full intervention and were analyzed. Carbon monoxide was significantly less in the study group after the last treatment session. At week 24, the percentage of point prevalence abstinent subjects was 25.9% in the active group and 18.5% in the sham group, however, the difference was not statistically significant. Arabic Tobacco Craving Questionnaire-12 measures at different time points showed a statistically significant decrease in emotionality, expectancy, and purposefulness measures. However, this appears to be due to the effect of time, not treatment. Treatment response was higher in the study group, yet the difference was statistically insignificant.

Conclusions:
In a study that simulates real-life conditions in Egyptian smokers, 6 sessions of high-frequency active rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex did not produce a statistically significant increase in abstinence over sham rTMS at the same site. However, an effect on carbon monoxide measures and treatment response warrants further research.
Preeclampsia and cancer risk in women in later life: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Wang Fengxia , Zhang Wenyan , Cheng Wenke , Huo Nana , Zhang Shenfeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Importance:
Results of this work may provide some guidance for subsequent ovarian cancer screening in women with preeclampsia and provide new directions for future studies.

Objective:
This study investigated the difference in cancer risk between women with preeclampsia and women with a normal pregnancy.

Evidence Review:
Electronic databases, namely PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, were searched for relevant studies from database inception to February 4, 2021. The results are expressed as risk ratios (RRs).

Findings:
The study included 13 cohort studies comprising 5,254,150 participants. The difference in the total cancer risk between the control and preeclampsia groups was statistically nonsignificant. However, breast cancer (BC) risk was lower in the preeclampsia group (RR = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83-0.93; I2 = 57.2%). A subgroup analysis stratified by reproductive factors demonstrated that BC risk in the preeclampsia population decreased in parous women (RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.72-0.87; I2 = 0%), women with full-term pregnancies (RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.75-0.84; I2 = 0%), and women with increasing parity. Furthermore, BC risk reduced in women with preeclampsia regardless of their menopausal status and the sex of their offspring.

Conclusions and Relevance:
Overall, women with preeclampsia have a decreased BC risk and increased ovarian cancer risk compared with the normal population. A subgroup analysis stratified by reproductive factors demonstrated that BC risk decreased in the preeclampsia population in parous women, women with full-term pregnancies, and women with increasing parity regardless of their menopausal status and the sex of their offspring.
Vaginal CO2 laser therapy versus sham for genitourinary syndrome of menopause management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Khamis Yasser , Abdelhakim Ahmed Mohamed , Labib Kareem , Islam Bassem Aly , Nassar Salma Ashraf , Motaal Ahmed Osama Abdel , Saleh Doaa M. , Abdou Hossam , Abbas Ahmed M. , Mojahed Eman M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Importance:
The research of new therapeutic modalities, especially with energy-based devices, has been increasing nowadays for genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) management. Microablative fractional CO2 laser has been used for pelvic floor dysfunction management.

Objective:
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare fractional CO2 laser therapy versus sham therapy for GSM management.

Evidence Review:
We searched for the available randomized clinical trials in Cochrane Library, PubMed, ISI web of science, and Scopus during March 2021. We included randomized clinical trials that compared CO2 laser to sham among postmenopausal women with GSM diagnosis. We extracted the available data from included studies and pooled them in a meta-analysis model using RevMan software. Our main outcomes were total vaginal score assessment using the Vaginal Assessment Scale, sexual function using the Female Sexual Function Index, urinary symptoms using the Urogenital Distress Inventory-6, and satisfaction.

Findings:
Three studies met our inclusion criteria with a total number of 164 women. The CO2 laser was linked to a significant reduction in Vaginal Assessment Scale score when compared with the sham group (mean difference [MD] = −0.49, 95% CI [−0.75 to −0.22], P = 0.004). The CO2 laser was associated with a significant improvement in Female Sexual Function Index score in comparison with sham group (MD = 9.37, 95% CI [6.59-12.14], P < 0.001). In addition, a significant reduction in Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 score was reported among the CO2 laser group (MD = −6.95, 95% CI [−13.24 to −0.67], P = 0.03). More women were significantly satisfied among the CO2 laser group (risk ratio  = 1.98, 95% CI [1.36-2.89], P = 0.004).

Conclusions and Relevance:
CO2 laser therapy is a promising alternative for GSM management. Further randomized trials with larger sample sizes are required to confirm our findings.
Long-term changes in manifest refraction subsequent to cataract surgery
Authors: Hayashi Ken , Yoshida Motoaki , Manabe Shin-ichi , Yoshimura Koichi 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To examine the long-term refractive changes after stabilization of surgically induced changes (SICs) subsequent to cataract surgery.

Setting:
Private hospital.

Design:
Case–control study.

Methods:
Manifest refraction of 300 eyes of 300 patients who underwent phacoemulsification and 300 eyes of 300 age-matched and sex-matched patients without surgery was examined the day on which SICs stabilized (baseline) and ≥7 years postbaseline using an autorefractometer. Refraction was divided into 3 components: spherical power (M), vertical/horizontal astigmatism (J0), and oblique astigmatism (J45) using power vector analysis, and the components were compared between the 2 timepoints and between groups.

Results:
Data of All 600 eyes were collected. In the surgery group, the mean M and J45 did not change significantly between baseline and ≥7 years postbaseline, but the J0 significantly decreased between the 2 timepoints (P < .001), indicating an against-the-rule (ATR) shift. In the nonsurgery group, the mean M significantly increased and J0 significantly decreased between the timepoints (P < .001), whereas J45 did not change significantly. The mean change in M between the 2 timepoints was significantly smaller in the surgery group (P < .001), whereas the changes in J0 and J45 did not differ significantly between the timepoints.

Conclusions:
Spherical power did not change and refractive astigmatism significantly changed toward ATR astigmatism during the more than 7-year follow-up after stabilization of SICs in pseudophakic eyes, whereas hyperopic and ATR shifts occurred in phakic eyes, and the astigmatic changes were comparable between pseudophakic and phakic eyes.
HDL and persistent inflammation immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome
Authors: Barker Grant , Winer Julia R. , Guirgis Faheem W. , Reddy Srinivasa 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
This study reviews the mechanisms of HDL cholesterol immunomodulation in the context of the mechanisms of chronic inflammation and immunosuppression causing persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome (PICS) and describes potential therapies and gaps in current research.

Recent findings
Low HDL cholesterol is predictive of acute sepsis severity and outcome. Recent research has indicated apolipoprotein is a prognostic indicator of long-term outcomes. The pathobiologic mechanisms of PICS have been elucidated in the past several years. Recent research of the interaction of HDL pathways in related chronic inflammatory diseases may provide insights into further mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Summary
HDL significantly influences innate and adaptive immune pathways relating to chronic disease and inflammation. Further research is needed to better characterize these interactions in the setting of PICS.
Insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating mammalian hair cell regeneration
Authors: Hu Zhengqing , Singh Aditi , Bojrab Dennis , Sim Nathan 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
To give an overview of recent advances in mammalian auditory hair cell regeneration.

Recent findings
Supporting cells act as progenitors to regenerate hair cells in the prehearing mammalian cochlea but not in the mature cochlea. To overcome this developmental obstacle, manipulation of multiple genes and intracellular pathways has been investigated, which has obtained promising data. This review focuses on recent advances in auditory hair cell regeneration, including synergic gene regulation associated with Atoh1 and Notch signaling, epigenetics, and functional recovery of regenerated hair cells. Co-manipulation of genes critical for hair cell development and cell cycle re-entry, including Atoh1, Isl1, Pou4f3, Gata3, Gfi1, P27

kip1
, RB, Myc, and Notch-signaling genes, has generated hair cell-like cells in the adult cochlea both in vitro and in vivo. The epigenetic mechanism has been studied in hair cell development and regeneration. Regeneration of hair cell function has a very limited progress, which lacks in-vitro and in-vivo electrophysiology data.

Summary
Regeneration of adult auditory hair cells remains a major challenge. Manipulation of multiple genes and pathways together with epigenetic regulation might potentially regenerate functional hair cells in the adult mammalian cochlea.
Kidney transplant outcomes in minority populations: can we close the gap?
Authors: Desai Amishi , Sodhi Rupinder K. , Akkina Sanjeev 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
Health disparity in minority populations has been increasingly recognized over the last decade. The COVID-19 pandemic sheds a bright light on this very issue impressing upon the need for more research regarding healthcare in disparate populations. Although kidney transplantation remains the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease management and longevity of life, access to transplantation remains a critical barrier in minority populations. The literature on disparity in access abounds but remains limited with regards to posttransplantation outcomes. The purpose of this review is to draw attention to existing research and literature in posttransplant outcomes and highlight the overall knowledge gap that persists in postkidney transplant care among disparate populations.

Recent findings
The current review focuses on important paradigm shifts in the determinants of outcomes in posttransplantation care in minority populations. It emphasizes a departure from immune mediated causes to more salient health inequities and socioeconomic factors contributing to patient and graft survival which require further investigation.

Summary
Despite increased awareness of health disparity in minority populations, outcomes data postkidney transplantation remains sparse. Critical to the future of kidney transplantation and improved healthcare coordination in minority populations will be a deeper understanding of contributing socio-economic variables in disparate outcomes.
Disparities in living donation
Authors: Lopez-Soler Reynold I. , Garcia-Roca Raquel , Lee David D. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
Living organ donation provides improved access to transplantation, thereby shortening transplant wait times and allowing for more deceased organ transplants. However, disparity in access to living donation has resulted in decreased rates of living donor transplants for some populations of patients.

Recent findings
Though there have been marked improvements in deceased donor equity, there are still challenges as it relates to gender, racial/ethnic, and socio-economic disparity. Improvements in living donation rates in Hispanic and Asian populations are tempered by challenges in African American rates of organ donation. Socio-economic disparity may drive gender disparities in organ donation resulting in disproportionate female living donors. Tailored approaches relating to language-specific interventions as well as directed educational efforts have helped mitigate disparity. Additionally, the use of apolipoprotein1 testing and modifications of glomerular filtration rate calculators may improve rates of African American donation. This review will evaluate recent data in living donor disparity as well as highlight successes in mitigating disparity.

Summary
Though there are still challenges in living donor disparity, many efforts at tailoring education and access as well as modifying living donor evaluation and identifying systemic policy changes may result in improvements in living donation rates.
A new species of the genusMicrohylaTschudi, 1838 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from eastern India with notes on Indian species
Authors: Bhakat Somnath , Bhakat Soumendranath 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new species of the genusMicrohyla,Microhyla bengalensissp. nov., described from West Bengal state, India. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: 1) Small in size (SVL= 16.2 mm. in male); 2) truncated snout in dorsal view; 3) head wider than long (HW: HL= 1.36); 4) canthus rostralis and tympanum are indistinct; 5) nostril placed on the dorsal side of the snout; 6) tibiotarsal articulation not reaching the eye; 7) fingers and toes without disc; 8) toe webbing basal; 9) thigh and foot length are equal and smaller than shank; 10) skin tuberculated on dorsum; 11) ‘teddy bear’ dark brown mark on dorsum; 12) an inverted ‘V’-shaped dark brown mark above the vent.A comparative morphological data of all the 14 Indian species ofMicrohylais also provided.