bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theology and Practice of Claiming Call
Authors: Giver-Johnston Donna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chapter 7 concludes this book by discussing the efficacy of rhetorical strategies in women’s call narratives and includes an evaluation of the different forms featured throughout this work. By claiming their call, and a contested call at that, the women discussed in previous chapters found new ways to exercise their voice and agency to attain ecclesial endorsement. Through a summary of this project’s analysis of women’s rhetoric, the chapter recovers historical narratives of call for contemporary homiletics. By reclaiming rhetorical strategies and tactics, the author offers practical applications for people struggling today, to help them construct their own narrative and provide scripts to claim their call to preach. Further, through different hermeneutical lenses, the author demonstrates how call can be re-interpreted and traditional biblical texts can be re-imagined in preaching sermons. Finally, the chapter brings a renewed focus on the continued debate over women’s ordination and, in effect, calls the question to end the discussion and allow women their rightful place in the pulpit.
Renegades
Authors: Boffone Trevor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Renegades: Digital Dance Cultures from Dubsmash to TikTok interrogates the roles that Dubsmash, social media, and hip hop music and dance play in youth identity formation in the United States. It explores why Generation Z—so-called Zoomers—use social media dance apps to connect, how they use them to build relationships, how race and other factors of identity play out through these apps, how social media dance shapes a wider cultural context, and how community is formed in the same way that it might be in a club. These Zoomer artists—namely D1 Nayah, Jalaiah Harmon, TisaKorean, Brooklyn Queen, Kayla Nicole Jones, and Dr. Boffone’s high school students—have become key agents in culture creation and dissemination in the age of social media dance and music. These Black artists are some of today’s most influential content creators, even if they lack widespread name recognition. Their artistic contributions have come to define a generation. And yet, up until this point, the majority of influential Dubsmashers have not been recognized for their influence on US popular culture. This book tells their stories.
Digital Communities
Authors: Boffone Trevor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores Dubsmash and TikTok, two related but divergent social media apps. While providing a critical overview of the apps that facilitates the analysis that follows, this chapter examines their racial divide, arguing that Dubsmash is a Black space and that TikTok is a White space. An understanding of the racial politics of the social media dance world is essential to painting a full picture of how Zoomers of color navigate digital spaces to create content that then becomes the mainstream and to push against systems of White Supremacy, misogyny, homophobia, and the like.
This Bridge Called Dubsmash
Authors: Boffone Trevor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the varied ways that Renegades build digital communities using Dubsmash and Instagram. It argues that online communities hold the potential to democratize access and reject coastal biases typically seen in popular US culture. The traditional entertainment centers of Los Angeles and New York City, while still important, are relegated to second-tier status behind cities such as Dallas, Houston, and Atlanta, in addition to less populated areas across the American South. By taking up digital space on an inclusive platform, Renegades re-center traditional scripts of community building, effectively demonstrating the necessity for culturally responsive communities. These Dubsmashers search for what is familiar and lay the groundwork for equity and inclusion from there, promoting a shared sense of values that enables a plurality of voices to rise to the top. The chapter uses the official Dubsmash Instagram account as a case study, unpacking the nuanced ways that Dubsmash promotes the work of its most well-known influencers alongside a growing set of Renegades who show brand loyalty by regularly engaging with the app and who promote this subset of hip hop culture through their micro-performances on Dubsmash. Specifically, this chapter explores the different ways that Dubsmash has used dance challenge and games to bring people together and further a sense of connection during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020.
Gone Viral
Authors: Boffone Trevor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores how Dubsmash and other music-based apps can become fundamental digital spaces for hip hop artists not only to shape a distinct identity but also to establish their careers, even as the apps also threaten to render these artists invisible in moments of virality that divorce content from creator. By closely reading the digital presence of Renegades TisaKorean, Brooklyn Queen, and Kayla Nicole Jones, this chapter explore how musicians position themselves as both music and dance content creators on Dubsmash to gain a following. The case of TisaKorean—the rapper who introduced the world to the now-iconic dance move the Mop—speaks to the power of going viral in the digital age. Likewise, hip hop artist Brooklyn Queen and comedian and rapper Kayla Nicole Jones have been able to leverage their popularity on Dubsmash, TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube to cement their music careers.
When Karen Slides into Your DMs
Authors: Boffone Trevor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter uses my experiences as both a Dubsmasher and a teacher to unpack the role that language plays in identity formation. Specifically, it analyzes outsiders’ perceptions of Renegades in tandem with the linguistic and theatrical ways that Renegades push against the dominant narrative. The argument is that the relationship between language, race, and power influences how Dubsmashers such as my students construct their identities through music as well as how others criticize those same identity formations. I again use my classroom as a case study, here focusing on what I refer to as “a tale of four messages,” or a one-hour period in January 2020 in which I posted a Dub of my students and me dancing to “COOKIE SHOP” by ZaeHD & CEO and then immediately received four messages—one hypercritical message from a White follower and three supportive messages from Black followers. This case study offers a point of departure to unpack the ways that White outsiders attempt to police language and, by extension, the cultures of my students and other Renegades.
Why Do People Discriminate against Jews?
Authors: Fox Jonathan , Topor Lev 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This book provides a new and innovative approach to answering the age-old question of why people discriminate against Jews. The authors argue that anti-Semitism and discrimination are distinct concepts. While anti-Semitism is a negative attitude toward Jews, discrimination is a negative real-world action taken against Jews. From this perspective, one can hold anti-Semitic beliefs but not discriminate, while another can discriminate against Jews but be less anti-Semitic in general. In this context, anti-Semitism is seen as a potential cause of discrimination against Jews, but not the only one. This book examines anti-Jewish discrimination using a two-pronged approach. First, it combines and integrates ideas and theories from classic studies of anti-Semitism with social science theories on the causes of discrimination. For example, social science theories developed to explain how governments justify discrimination against Muslims can help explain the processes that lead to discrimination against Jews. Similarly, conspiracy theories, a major topic in the anti-Semitism literature, are relatively unexplored in the social science literature as a potential instigator of discrimination. Second, the authors use previously unavailable data on discrimination against Jews in 76 countries with significant Jewish minority populations to analyze the patterns and causes of discrimination. They find that government-based discrimination against Jews is below average, but societal discrimination is higher against Jews than most other religious minorities. They focus on three potential causes: religious causes, anti-Zionism, and belief in conspiracy theories about Jewish power and world domination. While all of these factors cause discrimination against Jews, conspiracy theories are the strongest predictors.
Drives
Authors: Riccardi Mattia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with Nietzsche’s mature notion of drives. After some preliminary considerations on Nietzsche’s usage of the term ‘drive’, it considers the conception of drives held by Schopenhauer and by Georg Schneider, whose work is the most important scientific source on which Nietzsche relies to elaborate his psychology of drives. It then moves on to Nietzsche’s own views about drives, investigating how such views emerge by the time he was working on Daybreak and how he later attempts to refine them by engaging with Schneider’s work in 1883. This refinement results in the notion of drives that Nietzsche employs more or less consistently in his mature works: drives are behavioural dispositions; they are genuinely psychological/mental (evaluative); and due to their urging nature Nietzsche conceives of them according to a proto-Freudian discharge model. The chapter also addresses the relation Nietzsche sometimes attempts to draw between the notion of ‘drive’ and that of ‘will to power’.
The Self
Authors: Riccardi Mattia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues that Nietzsche distinguishes (in particular, in his Zarathustra) between the bodily self that is constituted by the drives and affects and the reflectively conscious self. According to the reading proposed by the author, the latter depends on the former. More precisely, the reflectively conscious self is just the personal-level upshot of the subpersonal order among drives and affects. The chapter also addresses Nietzsche’s diagnosis of the intuitive but mistaken conception of the conscious self as independent from our bodily constitution, and his belief that the sui generis usage of the first-person pronoun is among the sources of this illusion.
Self-Knowledge
Authors: Riccardi Mattia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with Nietzsche’s scepticism about introspective knowledge. More precisely, it is claimed that Nietzsche rejects the traditional conception of introspective self-knowledge as something that is direct and privileged. To the contrary, he argues that self-knowledge is interpretive, for it is obtained by applying to oneself the same folk-psychological framework we apply in order to read the mind of other people. Furthermore, and relatedly, Nietzsche claims that introspective self-knowledge involves a falsification of what we actually think and do. Finally, it is argued that Nietzsche does not conclude from this that self-knowledge is impossible, but rather that third-person psychological and genealogical inquiry about oneself is a more reliable source of self-knowledge than introspection.
The Will
Authors: Riccardi Mattia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter shows that Nietzsche’s model of the will is largely indebted to that worked out by the late 19th-century French psychologist Théodule Ribot. Both Nietzsche and Ribot see the will as resulting from the hierarchical coordination of affective states and behavioural inclinations. The chapter also includes a detailed interpretation of aphorism 19 of Beyond Good and Evil (where Nietzsche puts forward his most detailed analysis of volition) and of other late passages, arguing that he sees the act of willing as determined by command-obedience relations among the drives and that he views volitional phenomenology as a partially illusory accompanying phenomenon.
The Ideal Type
Authors: Riccardi Mattia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers Nietzsche’s picture of the ideal human being. It defends the thesis that Nietzsche’s ideal type possesses three essential features: psychological stability (understood as strength of will), psychological unity (understood, roughly, as lack of self-alienation), and the capacity to create one’s own values. The author contends that Nietzsche builds value creation into his picture of the ideal human because of the particular condition of his late-modern European readers, whom he perceives as being in the grip of the values of Judaeo-Christian morality, which causes the self to be divided. Hence, Nietzsche believes that the only way for late-modern Europeans to regain the kind of unity required for them to approximate, if not fully embody, his ideal type consists in rejecting those self-alienating values and creating new ones.
The Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Writing of Ireland’s History in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Canny Nicholas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter contrasts the annalistic tradition expressing pride in ancestry that had prevailed for centuries in Gaelic Ireland with the twelfth-century writings of Gerald of Wales that convinced people of English descent in Ireland that the country had been brought into historical time through English conquest. It demonstrates how the sense that English culture was superior to Gaelic culture was heightened by humanist histories, notably those by Campion and Stanihurst. It then explains that as English society in Ireland remained Catholic when government and society in England were becoming self-consciously Protestant, the government encouraged Protestant apocalyptic authors, notably John Derricke and John Hooker, to write histories for Ireland that contended that England’s reform mission in Ireland had always been religious more than civil.
The Italian Empire and the Great War
Authors: Wilcox Vanda 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Italian Empire and the Great War brings an imperial and colonial perspective to the Italian experience of the First World War. Italy’s decision for war in 1915 built on its imperial ambitions from the late 19th century onwards and its conquest of Libya in 1911–12. The Italian empire was conceived both in conventional terms as a system of settlement or exploitation colonies under Italian sovereignty, and as an informal global empire of emigrants; both were mobilized in support of the war in 1915–18. The war was designed to bring about ‘a greater Italy’ both literally and metaphorically. In pursuit of global status, Italy endeavoured to fight a global war, sending troops to the Balkans, Russia, and the Middle East, though with limited results. Italy’s newest colony, Libya, was also a theatre of the Italian war effort, as the anti-colonial resistance there linked up with the Ottoman Empire, Germany, and Austria to undermine Italian rule. Italian race theories underpinned this expansionism: the book examines how Italian constructions of whiteness and racial superiority informed a colonial approach to military occupation in Europe as well as the conduct of its campaigns in Africa.
Revisiting Regional Institution Building
Authors: Lenz Tobias 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter revisits the theoretical literature on regional institution building during the last 70 years and contrasts it with the empirical literature on regional organizations. It shows that while the latter is replete with references to the European Community/European Union as a causal influence on regional institution building, the former has largely neglected this influence because it pitches its explanations at alternative levels of analysis. It is argued that most existing explanations of regional organization focus on the systemic or unit level of analysis, while the causal influence of the European Union operates at the inter-unit level. The chapter lays out the three levels of analysis in the study of regional institution building. and concludes that the literature on diffusion provides useful analytic tools to study processes of interorganizational influence in international relations.
Chinese Antitrust Exceptionalism
Authors: Zhang Angela Huyue 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This book explores the clash between antitrust, a body of law originally designed to address market failures in western democracies, and China, an economic superpower under authoritarian control. It analyses two simultaneous sources of conflict. The first is the significant challenges Chinese antitrust regulation poses to foreign multinational companies doing business in China. The second is the tremendous difficulties Chinese firms face in complying with antitrust rules in foreign countries. Ultimately, the book offers a cautionary tale of the challenges globalization poses to law and economic order by showing that the conflicts observed today are deeply rooted in institutional factors, both political and economic.
Normalizing Extreme Imprisonment
Authors: Vannier Marion 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The concluding Chapter 5 offers a new explanation for how reforms and those driving them can end up normalizing, in the sense of making the public view as acceptable, incredibly severe punitive practices. While not responsible for activating mechanisms of normalization, some death penalty abolitionists have nonetheless helped to maintain and reinforce them. In the shadow of the traditional death penalty, an inhumane form of punishment has proliferated and been championed by a range of penal progressive reformers. This chapter then brings the story to the present. It shows how LWOP is developing in other states and the rest of the world and discusses the dangers of using life imprisonment to challenge LWOP.
Crystallography and Diffraction
Authors: Krishnan Kannan M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Crystalline materials have a periodic arrangement of atoms, exhibit long range order, and are described in terms of 14 Bravais lattices, 7 crystal systems, 32 point groups, and 230 space groups, as tabulated in the International Tables for Crystallography. We introduce the nomenclature to describe various features of crystalline materials, and the practically useful concepts of interplanar spacing and zonal equations for interpreting electron diffraction patterns. A crystal is also described as the sum of a lattice and a basis. Practical materials harbor point, line, and planar defects, and their identification and enumeration are important in characterization, for defects significantly affect materials properties. The reciprocal lattice, with a fixed and well-defined relationship to the real lattice from which it is derived, is the key to understanding diffraction. Diffraction is described by Bragg law in real space, and the equivalent Ewald sphere construction and the Laue condition in reciprocal space. Crystallography and diffraction are closely related, as diffraction provides the best methodology to reveal the structure of crystals. The observations of quasi-crystalline materials with five-fold rotational symmetry, inconsistent with lattice translations, has resulted in redefining a crystalline material as “any solid having an essentially discrete diffraction pattern”
Introduction
Authors: Fredericks Sarah E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A vignette about environmentalist Colin Beavan’s experience of and reflection on environmental guilt and shame introduces the texture of these moral emotions experienced by many everyday environmentalists and sets the stage for the ensuing analysis. Taking this moral experience seriously reveals underexplored motivations and hindrances to environmental action, guilt, and shame. Reflection on these moral emotions challenges many modern ethical assumptions and forms the basis of the three main ethical arguments of the book: that collectives as well as individuals have guilt, shame, and responsibility; that some individuals and collectives should feel guilt and shame for environmental degradation including climate change; and that, given the consequences of guilt and shame, they should not be intentionally induced unless a number of conditions, which can be fostered through rituals, are met. These conditions are also necessary to respond to unintentionally elicited guilt and shame. To set the stage for these theoretical and practical arguments, the Introduction names the ethical values which influence the text and the disciplinary resources from social psychology; ethical pragmatism; virtue ethics; and religious studies, especially ritual theory, used in the project. It also delineates the scope of the book as the Western developed world, particularly the United States, and environmental guilt and shame, of which climate change is the main example.
Evidence of Environmental Guilt and Shame
Authors: Fredericks Sarah E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chapter 2 compiles evidence for the existence of environmental guilt and shame in the contemporary Western developed world, particularly the United States, from blogs and discussion boards; environmental self-help books and memoirs; broader indicators of cultural trends including comics, TV shows, newspaper articles, marketing studies, and counseling programs; and the few academic studies of the topic. I demonstrate that environmental guilt and shame are commonplace in parts of contemporary U.S. American society, particularly among middle- and upper-class environmentally conscious people. People feel guilt and shame about a wide range of daily activities including their choice of grocery bag, food, and transportation. People experiencing these moral emotions often do so both as individuals and as parts of a collective whether family, community, nation, species, or sometimes diffuse collective (i.e. “industrialized people”). Confessions of and responses to environmental guilt and shame take a religious cast as people confess their wrongs, ask for help in changing their actions, and particularly desire assistance in dealing with the existential ramifications of their actions, and subsequently shape their individual and collective identities.
Typology of Guilt and Shame
Authors: Fredericks Sarah E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Because primary sources about environmental guilt and shame discussed in Chapter 2 do not define or differentiate guilt or shame consistently, systematically explore their implications, or explain the notions of collective agency that they presume, Chapter 3 constructs a typology of guilt and shame to stabilize the subsequent analysis. It uses material from moral and social psychology, especially work by June Price Tangney and her colleagues, as well as social, historical, and philosophical studies of collective experiences of guilt and shame after the Holocaust and other atrocities. The state of being guilty or shameful occurs when an agent breaks or fails to live up to their ideals. “Guilt” here refers to the actions and shame to the conditions of the agent’s identity under these circumstances. Guilt and shame feelings are negative emotions about such actions (guilt) or assessments of identity (shame). Guilt and shame states and feelings can refer to individuals, membership groups, or collectives. Memberships are groups in which the individuals are the agents, whereas collectives have agency, identity, and responsibility more than the sum of the individuals in them. Agents can also judge another as guilty or shameful and/or attempt to instill guilt or shame feelings in them; such judgments depend in part on the cultural views of guilt and/or shame. The distinctions articulated in this typology are analytically and practically useful but are not absolute, as different types of guilt and shame may co-occur or catalyze each other.