bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Selected Weed Management Practices on the Growth and Yield Components of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) in Western Region of Kenya
Authors: Mogaka Mayaka Justus , Nicholas Korir Kibet , Nelson Wafula Wekha , Gweyi Joseph P. Onyango 
Published: September 2021

Finger millet (Elusine coracana) accounts for 8% of the total area and 11% of the millet production worldwide. It is grown on over 4 million ha globally, mainly for food purposes. Millions of people in the dry lands of Central and East Africa, and South of India depend on finger millet as an important source of food to them (CGIAR, 2001). Finger millet is one of the most neglected and underutilized crops. Additionally, the crop has received limited research attention compared to wheat, rice, and maize (FAO, 2011). Therefore, production challenges such as those caused by weeds like goose grass Elusine indica remain at large. Manual weeding is the commonly employed weed control method in finger millet production, but is expensive and labour intensive. The current study was set to evaluate the influence of weed management practices on finger millet growth and yield components. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The plots measured 2 by 2m with a border width of 1m. The treatments included Pendimethalin, Dimethyl amine, Metolachlor, Metribuzin, Atrazine (at three rates each 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 l/ha), No weeding and Hand weeding. Data was collected on the number of weed species, weed biomass, number of basal tillers, herbicide phytotoxicity, weed and crop heights, number of panicles, weight of panicles, weight of un-threshed and threshed grains and 1000 grain weight. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA using GenStat version 15.1. Application of Pendimethalin at 1.5 and 2.0 L/ha Active Ingredient (AI), resulted in weed optimal control and least phytotoxicity. Results also indicated that the height of finger millet was significantly (p<0.001) higher where the herbicides were applied. Lower weed biomass was also positively correlated with higher crop height, more panicles, high unthreshed and threshed weights and a 1000 grain weight. Application of 2,4D at rates of 1.5L and 2.0L resulted in significantly taller plants 33.00 cm, than the other weed management methods. Finger millet under Pendimethalin 1.5 L gave the highest number of 86 panicles while Atrazine 2.0L and Pendimethalin1.5L methods of weed control, had significantly higher weight compared to all the other treatments. The 1000 seed mass across the treatments averaged 2.31 g while the on the untreated treatments had an average of 1.54 g. Weed control using pre emergence herbicides significantly (p<0.001) increased the yields of finger millet.
Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women Attending Secondary Health Hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: I. Bale Muritala , Babatunde Shola K. , Awe S. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the most frequently acquired infections in both community and hospitals and is common among the adolescents and the old genders.
Aim: To determine the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria among pregnant women attending secondary health hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria
Study Design: An experimental study which involve a random selection of consented pregnant women.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology Kwara State University Malete between January 2018 and June 2019.
Methodology: In this study, a total of 856 pregnant women mid stream clean catch early morning voided urine samples for two consecutive days (383 of the samples were collected from Sobi Specialist Hospital, 278 from Adewole Cottage Hospital and 195 collected from Ajikobi Cottage Hospital) were randomly screened for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria using standard microbiological procedures such as growth on mannitol salt agar, Gram reaction, catalase and coagulase tests. The Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile of S. aureus isolated using oxoid antibiotic discs.
Results: Out of 856 samples screened 56 samples (6.5%) showed significant Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria, 16- 25 years has a prevalence rate of 5.6%, 26- 35 years (5.8%) while 35-45 years have the prevalence rate of 10.9%. A total of 7 (12.5%) methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. Antibiotic sensitivity profile shows that 26.8% were resistance to gentamicin, 44.6% to tetracycline, 19.6% to chloramphenicol, 33.9 % to erythromycin, 67.9% to amoxicillin, 32% to augmentin, 12.6% to ceftriaxone, 5.3% to ciprofloxacin and 100% susceptibility to both nitrofurantoin and vancomycin.
Conclusion: The study shows the high prevalence of MRSA and high susceptibility of nitrofurantoin and vancomycin to all the MRSA isolated.
Detection of Dental Caries Using Salivary Biomarkers – A Systematic Review
Authors: Umashankar Krishnapriya , Ramani Pratibha 
Published: September 2021

Background: Saliva is a mixture of organic and inorganic components that comes in constant contact with the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. One of the most frequent disorders is dental caries, which is a multifactorial microbial disease of the tooth. Of which saliva plays a significant role in the process of dental caries.
Aim: To systematically identify and evaluate the ability of salivary biomarkers in detection of dental caries.
Methods: A comprehensive search was done using electronic data bases such as PubMed Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar and direct web search. The title scan was used to find relevant articles, which were then read and appraised for inclusion. This review analyses all research that investigated the use of salivary protein biomarkers to detect dental caries.
Results: Electronic database search identified 16 articles. After evaluating the title, abstract, and full text of these articles, only 4 were selected for the present systematic review. A final of 4 studies were included based on the inclusion criteria to meet the research question. All the studies analyzed the salivary biomarkers in dental caries detection.
Conclusion: Salivary biomarkers are a significant indicator in detection of dental caries and can be used in determining the further treatment planning.
Assess the Patient’s Perspicacity Regarding Triple Vessel Disease and Its Management
Authors: Dighikar Vrushali P. , Singh Seema 
Published: September 2021

Background: The single greatest killer in both females and males globally is cardiovascular disease. Coronary artery disease, commonly known as ischemic heart disease, is described as “impairment of heart function induced by obstructive alterations in the coronary circulation to the heart, caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart relative to its needs.” There are 4.5 million persons in India who suffer from coronary artery disease.
Objective: In this study planned to determine the patient’s perception regarding triple vessel disease and its management and to associate the demographic variable with the patient’s perception regarding triple vessel disease and its management.
Methodology: It is a descriptive research design used in this research study conducted on patients are having triple vessel disease. The purposive sampling technique is used to select samples for analysis. This research study included 45 patients of a selected hospital in Wardha district. Patients must select according to requirements for inclusion and exclusion. For this study, patients who had triple vessel disease would mainly take.
Expected Results: The patients are having good perception or may be having bad perception.
Conclusion: The conclusion will be drawn from the results. The patient’s will be having good or bad perception regarding triple vessel disease and its management.
Bullous Pemphigoid- A Rare Case report
Authors: Wanjari Mayur B. , Mendhe Deeplata , Wankhede Pratibha , Alwadkar Sagar , Rodge Hina 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The most severe autoimmune subepidermal blistering condition of the skin and mucous membranes is bullous pemphigoid (BP). In Europe, it is estimated to affect 1 in every 4,000 people. Currently incidence range between 2-22/1,000,000 worldwide. It primarily affects the elderly and is diagnosed using clinical, histologic, and immunologic criteria. Clinically, it appears as diffuse eczematous, pruritic, urticaria-like lesions with the later emergence of tense bullae or blistering lesions filled with clear fluid.
Case Presentation: Here, we report a case of a 50- years old female patient with a complaint of itchy lesions with wounds all over the body present with an 8-month of history. A subepidermal blister with eosinophils and neutrophils infiltration was discovered on histopathological evaluation. Salt-split indirect immunofluorescence revealed linear deposition of IgG at the dermo-epidermal junction. On further investigation, using diagnostic and Interventional aids a final diagnosis of Bullous pemphigoid.
RP-HPLC Method for Quantification of Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate Drug Substance and Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Sarat P. Sunand , Ramachandran D. 
Published: September 2021

Aim: The primary objective of the research work is to develop a effective, sensitive, economical and simple reverse phase HPLC method to estimate Emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate in its pure and binary mixture of tablets.
Study Design: HPLC based Quantification Studies.
Place and Duration of Study: 1Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University,Guntur, Andhra Pradesh between April 2019 and August 2020.
Methodology: Separation of the analytes were done by using Eclipse XDB-Phenyl (250 x 4.6mm, 5µ,100 A0) column and a mobile phase ratio of 30:10:70 percentage of 0.1% trifluoro acetic acid: acetonitile: methanol at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The injected standard and sample solutions were detected 260nm wavelength.
Results: The retention time of Emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate were found at 2.3min and 2.8 min respectively. The method has good linearity range about 50 to 150µg/ml of Emtricitabine and 6.5 to 19.5 µg/ml of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate. The method has validated as per ICH guidelines and all the validation parameterwere satisfy the ICH Q2 specification acceptance limits
Conclusion: The developed method said to be highly sensitive, accurate, specific and robust, therefore this method has high probability to adopt in pharmaceutical industry for regular analysis of Emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide.
Determination of Pickering Nanoemulsion by Eudragit Rl-100 Nanoparticle as Oral Drug Delivery for Poorly Soluble
Authors: Pawar Ashish Y. , Jadhav Khanderao R. , Patil Sagar S. , Jadhav Pallavi R. 
Published: September 2021

Objective: The purpose of this research study was to develop Ketoprofen-loaded Pickering nanoemulsion with the help of polymeric nanoparticles [NPs]. The pickering nanoemulsion formulation is developed using Eudragit RL 100, which has the greater ability to stabilize the formulation as well as it better controls the release of drug upon oral administration.
Method: In the present study, Ketoprofen - loaded Pickering nanoemulsion were prepared using an ultrasonic emulsification process. For the preparation of the Nanoemulsion, an aqueous phase of the nanodispersion of nanoparticle is used while Captex -300 and drug premix is used as oil phase. The nanoemulsion is formulated by using a probe sonicator with different ratios of aqueous phase and oil phase. The preformulation study of polymer or drug is done by FTIR and DSC and the drug - polymer compatibility was confirmed by FTIR. The prepared formulation was evaluated for physical appearance, pH, Viscosity, In vitro drug release, Particle size, Zeta Potential, Polydispersivity index, and transmission electron microscopy and stability. The Formulation is optimized for the different concentrations of the aqueous phase and oil phase with concentrations of drug and polymer.
Results: All the prepared formulations show particle size in between 100-500nm hence it indicats formation of nanoemulsion. The zeta potential is -46mv which indicates good stability of formulation. The In vitro drug release shows maximum drug release i.e. 96.93% in 10 hrs which shows that the release of drug is prolonged due to formation of Polymer NPs.
Conclusion: Thus the drug release was significantly controlled and slowed down when nanoemulsion is formulated by using NPs in comparison with control. These results fulfilled the objective of the study. This study opens new prospects on the formulation of Pickering nanoemulsion.
Enhancing ecological integrity while preserving ecosystem services: Constructing soft‐sediment islands in a shallow lake
Authors: van Leeuwen Casper H.A. , Temmink Ralph J.M. , Jin Hui , Kahlert Yvonne , Robroek Bjorn J.M. , Berg Matty P. , Lamers Leon P.M. , van den Akker Marloes , Posthoorn Roel , Boosten Annemiek , Olff Han , Bakker Elisabeth S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ecosystems are increasingly managed to provide multiple benefits to humans, which often degrades their ecological integrity. This strongly applies to aquatic ecosystems, in which engineering can enhance flood protection, drinking water supply, fisheries and recreation. Although these activities typically increase ecosystem functionality to humans, they often impair key aspects of biodiversity and natural functioning.
Classical restoration of such degrading freshwater ecosystems can lead to societal opposition, if returning to a former ecosystem state affects previously acquired ecosystem services. Innovative nature‐based solutions are therefore needed that enhance natural values in ecosystems, without affecting existing services.
We present a large‐scale project aiming to increase the ecological integrity of a human‐modified freshwater lake while maintaining its services to humans. The freshwater lake Markermeer in the Netherlands was formed by closing off an estuary for flood protection. The ecological integrity of this lake diminished over time, likely because a declining primary productivity impaired biodiversity at higher trophic levels. This decline is associated with a lack of gradual land–water transitions, strong resuspension of fine sediments, low nutrient availability and lack of dynamics typically to be expected in a natural temperate freshwater lake. Restoring the lake to its former marine state would conflict with current ecosystem services.
A nature‐based solution was initiated in 2016, consisting of constructing a five‐island archipelago from the lake's own soft‐sediments called the ‘Marker Wadden’. The project aims to increase the lake's primary production by creating gradual land–water transitions, more heterogeneity in water depths and decreasing turbidity by creating shelter and deep sinks reducing fine‐sediment resuspension by the wind – thus introducing currently missing elements that are typical for natural lakes. We present the underlying ecological framework and first scientific results of this innovative ongoing project.
Within 4 years, the Marker Wadden project shows how forward‐looking sustainable development of lake ecosystems using a rewilding approach can enhance natural processes and attract birds and fish, without conflicting with existing ecosystem services. This inspires new directions for halting and reversing the degradation of other vital ecosystems worldwide.
Teaching/Developing Vocabulary Using Think‐Aloud and Read‐Aloud Strategies
Authors: Lapp Diane , Wolsey Thomas Devere 
Published: September 2021

Thinking aloud and reading aloud are two instructional practices intended to provide learners with models of proficient language use and strategic thinking. As in any instructional practice, teachers must be clear about both purpose and anticipated outcomes when implementing a think‐aloud or a read‐aloud strategy. Teacher clarity means that the teacher knows what to teach, how to teach it, and what learning successes are expected. Hattie's meta‐analysis of thousands of studies aggregates data from many of them and identifies the effect size of teacher clarity as 0.75. This is quite significant, since 0.4 is suggested by Hattie as the “hinge point”: all percentages above that work well to promote learning and instruction. While his initial listings are often updated through inclusion of new studies, the powerful effect size of teacher clarity remains consistent.
Early readers are often introduced to many of the conventions of reading – such as book handling, print conventions, and language and text structures – during a read aloud or a think aloud. While engaging students and fostering learning and academic language development, both strategies are powerful motivational supports for students throughout the grades, especially English learners because they facilitate their hearing academic language produced by a capable reader and speaker. This entry outlines the traditions of thinking aloud and reading aloud and then focuses on the use of these two instructional practices relative to vocabulary development.
Low‐Dimensional Black Phosphorus in Sensor Applications: Advances and Challenges
Authors: An Dong , Zhang Xiao , Bi Zhaoshun , Shan Wei , Zhang Han , Xia Shuwei , Qiu Meng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLow‐dimensional black phosphorus (LDBP) materials have emerged, with considerable application potential in sensing due to their unique folded structures and remarkable physicochemical properties. These include anisotropies, layer‐dependent and tunable band gaps, high carrier mobilities, high current switching ratios, and excellent electron donor capacities. As a type of supporting material that is favorable to signal transmission or reception, LDBP is widely researched in piezoelectric, flexible, chemical, and biomolecular sensors. This review summarizes the synthetic methods, properties, and modification strategies of LDBP, and then mainly focuses on the research progress in LDBP‐based sensor applications, including physical and chemical sensors and biosensors. The major issues in LDBP‐based sensor applications are also discussed. Finally, the prospects and challenges in the field of LDBP‐based sensors are analyzed.
Spatially Confined CVD Growth of High‐Density Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Horizontal Arrays
Authors: Qian Liu , Shao Qian , Yu Yue , Liu Weiming , Wang Shanshan , Gao Enlai , Zhang Jin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh‐density horizontally aligned single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) arrays with high‐purity semiconducting tubes are promising materials for energy‐efficient electronics. However, realizing high density and high semiconducting purity through the direct‐growth method is still a challenge. Here the problem is overcome through a spatially confined approach based on a floating solid catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FSCCVD) system. A confined space is designed to change the fluid dynamics in a chemical vapor deposition reactor, offering a trapping effect for both catalyst nanoparticles and carbon fragments. Therefore, densely and uniformly distributed catalyst nanoparticles are continuously deposited on substrates, greatly increasing the growth probability and efficiency of SWNTs. Besides, the solid catalyst TiC and the oxygen‐vacancy‐enriched catalyst TiO both facilitate the growth of semiconducting tubes. As a result, SWNT horizontal arrays with a high density of 65 tubes µm−1 and a semiconducting purity of >95% are realized, which hold the potential for future application in carbon nanotube electronics.
Radial Pores in Nitrogen/Oxygen Dual‐Doped Carbon Nanospheres Anode Boost High‐Power and Ultrastable Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Deng Hongli , Wang Lei , Li Shengyang , Zhang Meng , Wang Tao , Zhou Jian , Chen Maoxin , Chen Song , Cao Jinhui , Zhang Qiusheng , Zhu Jian , Lu Bingan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConstructing electrode materials with fast ions and electrons transport channels is an effective solution to achieve high‐power‐density and long‐cycle potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Herein, completely opening radial pores in N/O dual‐doped carbon nanospheres (RPCNSs) are constructed as anode for high‐power PIBs. The RPCNS with hierarchical structure (micro/meso/macropores and radial channels) and N/O dual‐doping permits speedy ions and electrons transportation within the carbon nanospheres anode, achieving a reversible capacity of 346 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 after 360 cycles and long‐term cycling life over 2000 cycles without obvious capacity attenuation. The in situ Raman and kinetic analysis (in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic intermittent titration) suggest that the exquisitely designed pore structure and heterodoping enable highly reversible electrochemical reaction and fast de/intercalation kinetics. Moreover, the full cells packaged with RPCNS anode can be fully charged in 10 s and exhibit the highest charge power density of 24 866 W kg−1 and longest cycling endurance of 5000 cycles in reported PIBs. The unique structural engineering provides a new way for high‐power density potassium‐ion storage devices.
Recent Progress on Metal‐Based Nanomaterials: Fabrications, Optical Properties, and Applications in Ultrafast Photonics
Authors: Fu Bo , Sun Jingxuan , Cheng Yuan , Ouyang Hao , Compagnini Giuseppe , Yin Peng , Wei Songrui , Li Shaojuan , Li Dabing , Scardaci Vittorio , Zhang Han 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNanomaterials have demonstrated excellent mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties in various fields, including 1D carbon nanotubes, as well as 2D materials starting from graphene. Metal‐based nanomaterials, mainly divided into metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, also gradually come into the sight of ultrafast photonics applications due to the outstanding optical properties. The optical properties of metal nanoparticles can be enhanced by the interaction between conduction electrons with electric fields that is called surface plasmon resonance. As for metal oxide nanoparticles, optical properties are closely related to bandgap structures. When it comes to transition metal oxides, other phenomena also play important roles in optical absorption such as spin inversion and excitons of iron. Moreover, preparation methods of materials are also crucial for their properties and further applications. Therefore, in this review, commonly used physical and chemical fabrication methods for metal‐based nanomaterials are first introduced. Then the optical properties of typical metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are discussed specifically. In addition, the applications of metal‐based nanomaterials in ultrafast lasers based on mode‐locked and Q‐switched techniques are also summarized. Finally, a summary and outlook toward the synthesis, optical properties, and applications in ultrafast photonics of metal‐based nanomaterials are presented.