bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile of aerobic bacteria and their antibiotic sensitivity in chronic suppurative otitis media in Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Ramadi City, Iraq
Authors: Al-Ani Raid M , Al-Zubaidi Maysaa I , Lafi Shehab A 
Published: April 2021

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common otological problem in daily clinical practice. It is crucial to know the bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibilities in patients with CSOM to achieve a good clinical outcome.
Objectives: To identify the aerobic bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivities in subjects with CSOM in Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study included 102 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of CSOM (aural discharge >2 weeks, eardrum perforation, and conductive deafness). Purulent discharge was obtained from the middle ear with sterile swabs and cultured for bacterial microorganisms. The sensitivity of the isolated agents to antimicrobials was evaluated by a culture and sensitivity method. SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis of the data. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.
Results: Out of 3634 outpatient subjects, 102 (2.8%) presented with active CSOM. The age range of the patients was 1–70 years (mean 28.90 ± 19.8). There were 58 females (56.9%). Out of 117 ear swab specimens, 107 (91.5%) yielded positive cultures. The majority (101, 94.4%) of the specimens yielded a single organism. There was a high statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between gram-positive (n = 77, 68.1%) and gram-negative pathogens (n = 36, 31.9%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 65 (57.5%) cases and Staphylococcus aureus in 19 (16.8%) cases were the two most commonly isolated organisms. The drugs imipenem (93.8%), amikacin (86.1%), azteronam (83.1%), and ciprofloxacin (81.5%) were effective against P. aeruginosa (p < 0.001). Amikacin (100%), imipenem (94.7%), ciprofloxacin (68.4%), and gentamicin (63.1%) were the most effective antibiotics against Staph. aureus (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The prevalence rate of active CSOM was 2.8%. Ciprofloxacin showed high effectiveness against the two most common isolated pathogens (P. aeruginosa and Staph. aureus); therefore, it could be used as empirical therapy for active CSOM cases.
Um survey sobre as fricções financeiras em modelos DSGE
Authors: Wendler Suelen Aparecida 
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um survey da pesquisa sobre modelagem de fricções financeiras em modelos de equilíbrio geral dinâmico estocástico (DSGE). Pois, dada a crise financeira mundial de 2008, os pesquisadores perceberam que os modelos propostos até aquele momento não eram capazes de apresentar uma resposta adequada para as origens e evolução daquela crise, e o motivo estaria no fato desta modelagem não incluir interação do mercado financeiro com o resto da economia. Então, na última década muito esforço acadêmico foi usado para analisar a condução de políticas monetárias dos bancos centrais em um ambiente com fricções financeiras e o papel das medidas macroprudenciais. Deste modo conclui-se que as fricções financeiras explicam grande parte das variações ocorridas no produto frente a demais variáveis macroeconômicas, fazendo com que alterações nas condições financeiras decorrentes do aumento ou diminuição dos spreads de crédito influenciem a relação de equilíbrio entre a taxa básica de juros e demanda agregada, bem como a relação entre atividade econômica e inflação.
The Olympic Games and the Problems of Legacy: The London Stadium Story
Authors: Whannel Garry 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The main stadium is the most high-profile part of any Olympic legacy plan. The London stadium has an end user, West Ham United Football Club. The process resulted in extra capital expenditure from public sources and a commitment to extensive annual expenses. The private tenant, by contrast, benefits from a remarkable deal that increases their income, reduces their expenditure, and enables them to make a capital gain from disposal of their previous ground. As this article reveals, there were failures in public policy and legacy planning from the start of the process. A flawed model, which was not economically viable, was adopted. Subsequent decision-making was handicapped by the complexity of governance, and the public interest was undermined. By contrast the eventual private stakeholder, West Ham United Football Club, exploited the second round of bidding brilliantly, recognizing there was a desperate landlord and only one possible tenant. This article traces the story and offers pointers for future Olympic Game host cities.
Does Velocity Increase From Flat-Ground to Mound Work During a Lighter Baseball Training Program?
Authors: Hadley Christopher , Atlee Thomas R. , Chalmers Peter N. , Bassora Rocco , Bishop Meghan E. , Romeo Anthony A. , Erickson Brandon J. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:There has been recent interest in throwing from flat-ground versus the mound regarding stress on the elbow. Typical throwing progression programs begin with flat-ground work and progress to mound work.Methods:All baseball pitchers of ages 10 to 17 years who completed a 15-week pitching mechanics and velocity-training program were included. Players' pitch velocity was tested at four time points during training. Average velocity and maximum velocity of pitches from flat-ground were compared with those of mound, and change in velocity between testing sessions was also compared.Results:Thirty-six male pitchers (average age: 14.4 ± 1.6 years) were included. Fastball velocity increased by an average of 5.2 mph (95% confidence intervals 2.0 to 8.8 mph) at the end of the training program. When change in average and maximum velocity was compared between the four testing sessions, the most notable increase in velocity occurred between the third and fourth testing sessions. Both sessions were thrown from the mound.Conclusion:The 15-week baseball pitcher-training program markedly improved pitching velocity. Throwing from a mound compared with flat-ground resulted in the largest velocity increase. Therefore, when attempting to increase a pitcher's velocity, throwing from the mound should be an integral part of any velocity program.
Diagnostyka i leczenie niedoboru testosteronu u mężczyzn na podstawie wytycznych europejskich i amerykańskich towarzystw urologicznych
Authors: Mielewczyk Jarosław , Świętochowska Elżbieta , Ostrowska Zofia , Miczek Igor 
Published: April 2021

Streszczenie
Niejednoznaczne dane dotyczące zarówno terminologii, diagnostyki, jak i leczenia niedoboru testosteronu u mężczyzn, skłoniły autorów do podjęcia próby krytycznej analizy dotychczasowej wiedzy. Aktualne wytyczne zarówno Amerykańskiego jak i Europejskiego Towarzystwa Urologicznego (EAU i AUA) określają terapię testosteronem jako skuteczną i bezpieczną. Jednak wiele doniesień wskazuje na negatywne skutki tej terapii budząc niechęć do jej stosowania przez lekarzy i potencjalnych pacjentów, głównie w obawie przed rozwojem u tych chorych raka gruczołu krokowego i incydentów sercowo-naczyniowych. Najwięcej wątpliwości zaobserwowano po opublikowaniu w 2013 i 2014 r. dwóch badań retrospektywnych, skutkiem czego było przerwanie terapii u wielu pacjentów, u których obserwowano korzystne działanie terapii testosteronem. Ponadto, u wielu mężczyzn ze wskazaniami do leczenia testosteronem, terapii tej nie zastosowano, w obawie o ich bezpieczeństwo. Najnowsze dane obaw tych jednak nie potwierdzają. W ponad 100 opublikowanych niedawno pracach naukowo-badawczych wykazano korzystny wpływ terapii testosteronem. Amerykańskie Towarzystwo Endokrynologów Klinicznych (AACE) i Amerykańskie Kolegium Endokrynologii (ACE) opracowały wspólnie własną ocenę piśmiennictwa stwierdzając, że nie ma przekonujących dowodów na to, że terapia testosteronem zwiększa ryzyko incydentów sercowo-naczyniowych. Tożsame wnioski płyną z aktualnych wytycznych EAU i AUA.
Wpływ pyretroidów: permetryny, deltametrny, alfa-cypermetryny na stres oksydacyjny
Authors: Chrustek Agnieszka , Hołyńska-Iwan Iga , Olszewska-Słonina Dorota 
Published: April 2021

Streszczenie
Pyretroidy, syntetyczne pochodne naturalnych pyretryn pochodzących z Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolim, powszechnie stosowane do ochrony roślin, w leśnictwie, przemyśle rolniczym, farmaceutycznym, a także w medycynie oraz weterynarii. Do organizmu mogą się dostać poprzez wdychanie, spożycie oraz kontakt ze skórą. Przyjęto, że charakteryzują się niewielką toksycznością dla ludzi, są szybko metabolizowane i nie kumulują się w tkankach, a wydalane są z moczem. Mimo istniejących licznych obostrzeń, ich stosowanie niesie duże ryzyko, ponieważ związki te oraz ich metabolity mogą przedostawać się do środowiska naturalnego, zanieczyszczając wodę, glebę oraz żywność. Od wielu lat opisywane są skutki stosowania pyretroidów jako bezpośrednie zagrożenie dla zdrowia zwierząt oraz ludzi. Na bieżąco publikowane są informuje o zatruciach tymi związkami u ludzi i zwierząt oraz o ofiarach śmiertelnych po ich zażyciu. Najbardziej narażone są dzieci, gdyż pyretroidy mogą występować w mleku matki. Związki te działają nefrotoksycznie, hepatotoksycznie, immunotoksycznie, neurotoksycznie oraz negatywnie na układ rozrodczy oraz na płód. Pyretroidy takie jak: permetryna, deltametryna, alfa-cypermetryna są dopuszczane przez Światową Organizację Zdrowia do codziennego użytku, jednak liczne badania naukowe informują, że mogą wywołać stres oksydacyjny. Doprowadzają do uszkodzenia DNA, białek, lipidów oraz do indukcji apoptozy. Celem pracy było zebranie oraz usystematyzowanie dostępnej wiedzy dotyczącej wywoływania stresu oksydacyjnego przez wybrane pyretroidy.
CAPACIDADES PARA TRABALHAR COM ALIANÇA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO LONGITUDINAL
Authors: Avelar Gustavo Palmisano , Milagres Rosileia 
Published: April 2021

Este artigo identificou vantagens e desvantagens da implementação de uma estrutura dedicada à gestão de alianças, assim como avaliou os instrumentos criados e sua finalidade. Os resultados demonstram que as vantagens da estrutura dedicada - mediação, organização e centralização da relação - superam as desvantagens - burocratização e lentidão no processo de tomada de decisões. A pesquisa contribuiu para a discussão sobre o papel do escritório e as relações entre ele e os mecanismos de formação das capacidades de aliança. Reafirmou sua importância no que se refere ao acúmulo e troca de conhecimento e identificação de oportunidades, confirmando a literatura. Outra contribuição relaciona-se à avaliação longitudinal - método pouco utilizado na literatura até então - da atuação do escritório - elucidando sua evolução e mecanismos de aprendizado. No que se refere à prática gerencial, o estudo contribuiu para demonstrar a necessidade de autonomia, apoio organizacional ao escritório e de treinamento específico em gestão de portfólio de alianças para os gestores envolvidos na coordenação de alianças.
La traduction comme instrument de défense et de résistance des Canadiens francophones
Authors: Navarro Aura 
Published: April 2021

La presse ancienne canadienne est un témoin privilégié des changements politiques et sociaux survenus pendant lexixe siècle au Canada. Dans cette presse, la traduction occupe une place importante, puisque les journaux publiés à l’étranger et en langue étrangère sont la principale source d’information des rédacteurs de l’époque. L’un des premiers périodiques publiés à Montréal (1826-1899),La Minerve, revêt une importance particulière car il est publié tout au long duxixe siècle. Ce périodique fait d’ailleurs l’objet d’une activité traductionnelle intense. L’étude de la traduction dansLa Minervepermet d’observer le « rapport d’inégalité politique » (Simon 1989 : 19) entre le Canada anglais et le Canada français. Les exemples cités démontrent que la traduction dansLa Minerveest employée en tant qu’instrument de défense du peuple canadien francophone, entouré d’anglophones.
Traduire la littérature romanesque canadienne-française du xixe siècle : regard sur la production et la réception des versions anglaises
Authors: Hillinger Alexandra 
Published: April 2021

Dans cet article, nous nous pencherons sur la production et la réception dans l’Amérique du Nord anglophone des traductions anglaises des romans canadiens-français publiés auxixe siècle. Les romans à l’étude étaientL’Influence d’un livre(1837),Les Anciens Canadiens(1863),Angéline de Montbrun(1884) etÀ l’oeuvre et à l’épreuve(1891). Dans un premier temps, nous examinons donc les concepts théoriques de distribution, de diffusion, de réception et de réception critique. Puis, dans un deuxième temps, nous présenterons brièvement les résultats de nos recherches en analysant les parcours de réceptions des traductions anglophones des romans de notre corpus. Nous démontrerons que certaines oeuvres ont profité d’une réception enviable – et sont toujours reconnues de nos jours – alors que d’autres sont presque passées inaperçues.
Estudio experimental sobre la adquisición de la competencia traductora japonés-español. Diseño y resultados del estudio piloto*
Authors: Asquerino Egoscozábal Laura , Hurtado Albir Amparo 
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se presentan los resultados obtenidos en un estudio piloto que ha constituido la primera etapa de un estudio experimental sobre la adquisición de la competencia traductora en la formación de traductores del japonés al español. Se enmarca en la investigación sobre la adquisición de la competencia traductora del grupo PACTE, de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. En el estudio piloto participaron cinco estudiantes de cuarto del Grado en Traducción e Interpretación de la Universidad de Salamanca con el japonés como segunda lengua extranjera. Los objetivos del estudio fueron 1) avanzar en la selección de las variables de estudio y de sus correspondientes indicadores; 2) comprobar que eran adecuados los instrumentos (texto y cuestionarios); 3) verificar que era adecuada la selección depuntos ricos(problemas prototípicos de traducción), y 4) avanzar en los criterios de corrección de dichos puntos ricos. Los resultados demostraron que eran adecuados el texto escogido, la selección de puntos ricos (si bien se eliminaron dos puntos ricos y se añadió uno nuevo), las variables e indicadores seleccionados (solo se eliminó uno de los indicadores) y los cuestionarios (que solo se modificaron ligeramente).
Translators as publishers: exploring the motivations for non-profit literary translation in a digital initiative*
Authors: Marin-Lacarta Maialen , Vargas-Urpí Mireia 
Published: April 2021

Motivations for volunteering have rarely been studied in the context of professional literary translators. Instead, studies have mainly focused on amateur translators in areas such as charities, fansubbing, TED, Wikipedia, Skype and Facebook. This paper explores this under-researched topic in the context of ¡Hjckrrh!, a non-profit publisher led by translators who self-publish literary translations in e-book format. As of March 2018, ¡Hjckrrh! had issued 21 e-books translated from seven languages, with the collaboration of fourteen translators. Most of the translators are experienced professional translators with full-time jobs. Based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with fifteen participants, this paper explores the translators’ motivations for collaborating on this initiative and shows how an ethnography-inspired methodology can be fruitful when studying translators. The outcomes reflect that translating for pleasure and personal relationships are factors that trigger translators’ voluntary participation in ¡Hjckrrh!, and the conclusions highlight the need for more research into similar non-profit publishing initiatives.
The humorous dimension of intertextual relations in contemporary Slovak creolized media text
Authors: Dulebova Irina , Krajchovichova Linda 
Published: April 2021

In the article, we focused on the aspect of humour in the contemporary Slovak media discourse through the prism of the humorous potential of intertextuality. In order to grasp manifestations of intertextuality and understand how the intertextual joke functions, we turned to the concept of verbal and non-verbal precedent phenomenon (as the intertextual code of the linguo-cultural society) established in the modern Russian scholarship. Through the covers of the popular Slovak weekly .tyždeň from 2014-2019 (in total 271 issues of which 90 have an intertextual nature, and 62 of 90 "intertextual covers" can be characterized as "intertextual jokes"), we analyze what types of precedent phenomena are most commonly used in the recent Slovak creolized text and what methods of working with intertext are applied in order to achieve the intertextual joke. We have come to the conclusion that "the effect of defeated expectation" and the creation of the inconsistency of the connotative meaning of the precedent phenomenon and the situation (context) in which it is used, are the most frequent methods of achieving the intertextual joke. It was interesting to discover that for the deciphering of intellectual "intertextual riddles" with a humorous effect, Slovak authors predominantly provide the Slovak reader with precedent phenomena connected not with the Slovak, but with the European or worldwide cultural space, or that the visual precedent phenomena are more dominant over the verbal precedent phenomena in conveying the intertextual jokes in the creolized texts.
Analysis of differences in the transcriptomic profiles of eutopic and ectopic endometriums in women with ovarian endometriosis
Authors: Feng Xiao , Qi Lingbin , Xu Xiaoyu , Feng Yun , Gong Xiaoming , Aili Aixingzi , Chen Yu , Xue Zhigang , Xue Jinfeng , Tong Xiaowen 
Published: April 2021

Background
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease among women in their reproductive years. Although much effort has been made, the pathogenesis of this disease and the detailed differences between eutopic endometrial cells and ectopic endometrial cells are still unclear.

Methods
In this study, eutopic and ectopic endometrial cells were collected from patients with and without endometriosis and RNA sequencing was performed. The gene expression patterns and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in eutopic and ectopic endometrial cells, as well as control endometrial cells, were analyzed using a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and the DESeq2 package. The functions of significant genes were detected using Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, and qRT-PCR validation was performed.

Results
The results indicated that eight gene modules were found among these three groups. They also indicated that the gene module, which is highly related to eutopic endometrial cells, was mainly enriched in cell adhesion, embryo implantation, etc., while the gene module related to ectopic endometrial cells was mainly enriched in cell migration, etc. The results of differential expression analysis were generally consistent with the WGCNA results through identified significant DEGs between different groups. These DEGs may play an important role in the occurrence of endometriosis, including the infertility associated gene ARNTL and PIWIL2, tissue remodeling gene MMP11, cell survival and migration gene FLT1, inflammatory response gene GNLY, the tumor suppressor genes PLCD1, etc. Further analysis suggested the function of adhesion is stronger in ectopic endometrial cells than in eutopic endometrial cells, while the ectopic endometrium may have a higher potential risk of malignant transformation than eutopic endometrium.

Conclusions
Overall, these data provide a reference for understanding the pathogenesis of endometriosis and its relationship with malignant transformation.
Nephroblastoma in a Common Mudpuppy Necturus maculosus simultaneously Present with a Mollicute Bacterium of the Genus Acholeplasma
Authors: Standish Isaac , Leis Eric , Erickson Sara , Katona Ryan , Baumgartner Wes , Hanson Kevin , Ibrahim Iman , Goldberg Tony 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In March 2017, a wild caught female common mudpuppy Necturus maculosus from Iowa, USA, with an enlarged posterior abdomen was submitted for diagnostic assessment. The cause of the abdominal distension was a large fluid filled abdominal mass, diagnosed as a nephroblastoma. Parasites and numerous bacteria were isolated and identified from the mudpuppy but were determined to be incidental. Samples of the neoplasm inoculated onto an American toad Anaxyrus americanus cell line (BufoTad) yielded cytopathic effect during several passages. However, standard molecular testing of the cell culture supernatant failed to identify any viruses. Next generation sequencing identified the replicating agent as a bacterium of the genus Acholeplasma. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of Acholeplasma within the nephroblastoma, including within tumor cells. This is the first report of nephroblastoma and the second report of neoplasia in this species. The results also suggest that certain bacteria of the genus Acholeplasma might be oncogenic.
Widespread Seropositivity to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) in Four Species of Inland Sport Fishes in Wisconsin
Authors: Thiel Whitney A. , Toohey Kurth Kathy L. , Giehtbrock David , Baker Bridget B. , Finley Megan , Goldberg Tony L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Serological assays were conducted for anti viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) antibodies in four species of fish in Wisconsin (Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, Brown Trout Salmo trutta, Northern Pike Esox lucius, and Walleye Sander vitreus) to examine spatial and temporal distributions of exposure. Sera were tested for non neutralizing anti nucleocapsid antibodies to VHSV by blocking enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results (percent inhibition [%I]) were analyzed for differences among species, across geographic distance, and among water management units. Positive fish occurred in 37 of 46 inland water bodies tested, including in water bodies far from reported outbreak events. Using highly conservative species specific thresholds (mean %I of presumptive uninfected fish + 2 SDs), 4.3% of Bluegill, 13.4% of Brown Trout, 19.3% of Northern Pike, and 18.3% of Walleye tested positive for VHSV antibodies by ELISA. Spatial patterns of seropositivity and changes in %I between sampling years were also analyzed. These analyses explore how serology might be used to understand VHSV distribution and dynamics and ultimately to inform fisheries management.