bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interannual variability of summer tropical cyclone activity in the northwestern North Pacific modulated by El Niño‐Southern oscillation and intraseasonal oscillation
Authors: Lai Tzu‐Ling , Chen Jau‐Ming , Sui Chung‐Hsiung , Tan Pei‐Hua , Wu Liang , Tsai Mei‐Yun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInterannual variability of summer (June–August) tropical cyclones (TCs) in the northwestern North Pacific (NP) region (120°–135°E, 20°–35°N) and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibit four asymmetric ENSO‐TC relationships. The major relationship types are El Niño‐enhanced and La Niña‐suppressed, while the minor relationship types are El Niño‐suppressed and La Niña‐enhanced. The major modulatory processes for the El Niño‐enhanced type feature an elongated anomalous cyclone extending from the tropical western NP (WNP) northwestward toward the northwestern NP. This feature intensifies TC formation in the tropical WNP and guides them northward/northwestward increasing TC frequency in the northwestern NP. The El Niño‐suppressed type has its anomalous cyclone displacing eastward in the tropical WNP with an accompanying anomalous anticyclone across the northwestern NP. TC formation reduces in the tropical WNP and TC movement is blocked toward the northwestern NP, resulting in decreased TC frequency. The La Niña‐suppressed type features a dominant elongated anomalous anticyclone in the WNP to suppress TC formation and movement toward the northwestern NP, yielding reduced TC frequency. The La Niña‐enhanced type contains an anomalous anticyclone south of 20°N in the tropical WNP in company with an anomalous cyclone over the northwestern NP. Under this anomalous cyclone, enhanced TC formation and movement in the northwestern NP result in increased TC frequency. For all relationship types, 30–60‐day intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) anomalies feature a dominant anomalous cyclone over the WNP providing favourable conditions that guide TC movement toward its central region over the northwestern NP. Both ENSO and ISO make positive contributions that increase TC frequency in the northwestern NP for the El Niño‐enhanced and La Niña‐enhanced types. ENSO is the major factor reducing TC frequency in the El Niño‐suppressed and La Niña‐suppressed types.
Tibetan Plateau vortex‐associated precipitation and its link with the Tibetan Plateau heating anomaly
Authors: Lin Zhiqiang , Guo Weidong , Yao Xiuping , Du Jun , Li Wenkai , Ge Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) is known as the Asian water tower that supplies fresh water for millions of people in Asia. The Tibetan Plateau vortices (TPVs) are one of the major precipitation‐producing weather systems over the TP. The characteristics of TPV‐associated precipitation from 1979 to 2017 are quantitatively analysed based on three daily precipitation datasets. The influence of TPVs on precipitation is more significant in the warm season (May–September) because the precipitation and TPV activities both peak in the warm season. The TPV‐associated precipitation (VAP) dominates the total precipitation over most of the TP in the warm season. The VAP contributes more than 50% of the total precipitation in the warm season over 30% of the area over the TP, particularly in the central TP, while the VAP accounts for more than 25% of the total precipitation in the cold season over about 20% of the area over the TP. Therefore, TPVs are the major systems to produce precipitation on the TP in the warm season, and they are also important in the cold season in certain regions. The interannual variation of VAP is mainly determined by the number, rather than the precipitation intensity, of TPVs. Furthermore, the heating anomaly caused by the TP thermodynamic effect is an influential factor of VAP. Stronger (weaker) TP heating and resulting ascending motion strengthen (attenuate) the convergence near the TP surface and the divergence in the upper troposphere. The thermal adaption‐associated circulation generates more (less) TPVs and VAP.
Symmetry of the benzene ring and its normal vibrations: The “breathing” mode is not always a normal vibration of a benzene ring
Authors: Sakamoto Akira , Tasumi Mitsuo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVibrational analysis based on density‐functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) level has been performed for benzene and its 10 deuterated analogs. The results show that the “breathing” mode, which is usually regarded as a normal vibration intrinsic to a benzene ring, is present for the d0, p‐d2, 1,2,3,4‐d4, 1,2,4,5‐d4, and d6 species (group A), but absent for the d1, m‐d2, 1,2,3‐d3, 1,3,5‐d3, 1,2,3,5‐d4, and d5 species (group B). It is noted that the species in group A have a two‐fold symmetry axis passing through the middle points of the two CC bonds in the opposite position, but the species in group B do not. The Raman spectra of the benzene species in groups A and B have been observed. In the 1010–940 cm−1 region of the spectra observed for the species in group A, only one very strong band arising from the breathing mode exists. In the same region of the spectra observed for the species in group B, two bands, one strong and the other less strong or weak, are observed. The two bands observed for the species in group B are assigned to the two trigonal ring deformation modes in which primarily the three carbon atoms at either the 1,3,5‐positions or the 2,4,6‐positions move in phase toward and away from the center of the ring. The Raman intensities of these two modes and the separation between them are discussed.
Detection of adulterated sugar with plastic packaging based on spatially offset Raman imaging
Authors: Liu Zhenfang , Huang Min , Zhu Qibing , Qin Jianwei , Kim Moon S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe application of optical sensing technology in food adulteration detection has been extensively studied. However, due to the impact of packaging materials on the penetration depth of photons in foods and the interference from the optical properties of the packaging materials themselves, the use of optical sensing technology to detect packaged foods adulteration is still a well‐known problem.RESULTSThe line‐scan Raman imaging system was used to collect Raman hyperspectral images of adulterated sugars, made by mixing soft sugar and cheap glucose in seven different ratios. With the 0 and 3 mm (optimal offset distance) between line‐laser source and scanning line, the Raman hyperspectral images of adulterated sugars covered by packaging plastic were acquired respectively. Using adulterated samples un‐covered by packaging plastic as training samples, the Random Forest prediction model was developed, and excellent prediction performance was achieved for adulterated samples un‐covered by packaging plastics. Compared with Raman data acquired with 0 mm offset distance, the performance of the prediction model was significantly improved, with 0.957 for coefficient of determination (R2), 0.413 for root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), and 4.846 for residual predictive deviation (RPD), for adulterated samples with plastic packaging acquired with the 3 mm offset distance.CONCLUSIONSThe novel non‐destructive method based on spatially offset Raman imaging technology, which can reduce the interference of packaging materials and enhance the signal of internal interesting materials, was proposed for detection of adulterated sugar with plastic packaging. The experiment results show that spatially offset imaging technology provides a candidate method for detecting adulteration of packaged foods. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Peritoneal cytology as an indicator of peritoneal metastases in colorectal cancer
Authors: Sugarbaker Paul H. , Deng Tom , Chang David 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the management of peritoneal metastases from colon and rectal cancer, the most favorable results are reported with an aggressive combined treatment on patients who have a small extent of the disease. A test to detect occult peritoneal metastases would greatly facilitate the management of this component of colorectal dissemination.MethodsCurrently, the standard test by which to confirm the diagnosis of the peritoneal spread of colorectal cancer is peritoneal cytology. To study the utility of this test, we gathered information from patients with biopsy‐proven peritoneal metastases. The clinical, histologic, and treatment‐related features of these patients at the time of a cytoreductive surgery were statistically correlated with the results of the peritoneal cytology test.ResultsForty‐nine patients with colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases and a peritoneal cytology determination at the time of a cytoreductive surgery were available for analysis. Twenty‐eight patients (55.1%) had a positive test. Patients with a high peritoneal cancer index and mucinous histology were most likely to have positive peritoneal cytology.ConclusionPeritoneal cytology identified patients with mucinous histology and a large extent of disease but was consistently negative in patients who had a small extent of disease compatible with a favorable response to treatment.
“Should I Post or Ghost?”: Examining how privacy concerns impact social media engagement in US consumers
Authors: Bright Laura F. , Lim Hayoung Sally , Logan Kelty 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrivacy concerns and social media usage continue to increase in parallel for many online consumers. While researchers have suggested the negative impact of privacy concerns on social media engagement, it is also observable that privacy concerns do not prevent users from disclosing their personal information online while using social media, in other words a privacy paradox exists. Noting this interesting discrepancy, our research investigates various factors influencing the relationship between privacy concerns and social media engagement. Privacy related factors are examined along with social media constructs as potential moderators that would explain why privacy concerns do/do not affect social media engagement. To explore these relationships, an online survey was conducted with a total of 760 US social media consumers. Results determined that privacy concerns negatively influenced social media engagement to the extent that users have privacy protection behaviors, social media trust, and social media fatigue. Interestingly, when users have high trust on social media platforms, social media engagement is more likely to increase despite privacy concerns. To increase engagement from consumers on these platforms, brands should look to establish transparent interactions with consumers that ensure data privacy and limit data surveillance.
How does public recognition affect price sensitivity to green products? The role of self‐construal and temporal distance
Authors: Gao Jian , Wang Jianguo , Bailey Ainsworth 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study focused on the role of public recognition in fostering lower levels of price sensitivity to green products and the factors that influence this relationship. We conducted three studies to analyze the relationship between public recognition and price sensitivity to green products and the moderating effects of self‐construal and temporal distance on this relationship. A total of 865 persons took part in the research. Study 1 found that public recognition significantly reduces price sensitivity to green products. In addition, with the activation of public recognition, consumers with higher levels of independent self‐construal (IND SC) were more price‐sensitive compared to consumers with higher levels of interdependent self‐construal (INTER SC). Study 2 reassessed the results of Study 1 using a different product and larger sample size; it also provided a sample database for Study 3. Results from Study 2 and Study 3 showed that, in relation to their initial green purchase behavior, consumers with higher levels of IND SC were more price‐sensitive in subsequent green purchase behavior than consumers with higher levels of INTER SC when public recognition was activated. Furthermore, IND SC consumers' price sensitivity to green products between initial purchase and a subsequent purchase appears as an inverse U‐shaped curve by temporal distance matching from present to near future (7 days later) and then to distant future (15 days later). The study sheds light on the important roles of public recognition, self‐construal, and temporal distance in predicting price sensitivity to green products.
Phototunable Cloud Point Temperatures Stemming from Cyclic Topology: Synthesis and Thermal Phase Transition Behavior of Cyclic Poly(N‐acryloylsarcosine methyl ester)
Authors: Wu Zhigang , Zhang Hualong , Liu Chao , Hong Chunyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCyclic polymers possess distinct properties compared with their linear counterparts, such as smaller hydrodynamic volume, lower viscosity, and higher glass‐transition temperature, etc. To explore the impact of the cyclic topology on the thermo‐induced phase transition behavior of poly(N‐acryloylsarcosine methyl ester) (PNASME), the anthracene‐terminated telechelic PNASMEs are synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of monomer NASME using a bifunctional chain transfer agent (CTA) with two anthryl groups. Subsequently, cyclic PNASMEs are prepared via UV‐induced cyclization under 365 nm UV. There are considerable increases (up to 50 °C) for the cloud point temperatures (Tcps) of cyclic PNASMEs compared with the linear counterparts. In view of the increment, the Tcp of PNASME is tuned by varying the cyclic/linear ratio (the molar ratio between cyclic PNASME and linear PNASME in the product) with different irradiation time.
Recent Advances in the Development of Stem‐Cell‐Derived Dopaminergic Neuronal Transplant Therapies for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Barbuti Peter A. , Barker Roger A. , Brundin Patrik , Przedborski Serge , Papa Stella M. , Kalia Lorraine V. , Mochizuki Hideki ,   the MDS Scientific Issues Committee
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe last decade has seen exciting advances in the development of potential stem cell‐based therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD), which have used different types of stem cells as starting material. These cells have been developed primarily to replace dopamine‐producing neurons in the substantia nigra that are progressively lost in the disease process. The aim is to largely restore lost motor functions, whilst not ever being curative. We discuss cell‐based strategies that will have to fulfill important criteria to become effective and competitive therapies for PD. These criteria include reproducibly producing sufficient numbers of cells with an authentic substantia nigra dopamine neuron A9 phenotype, which can integrate into the host brain after transplantation and form synapses (considered crucial for long‐term functional benefits). Furthermore, it is essential that transplanted cells exhibit no, or only very low levels of, proliferation without tumor formation at the site of grafting. Cumulative research has shown that stem cell‐based approaches continue to have great potential in PD, but key questions remain to be answered. Here, we review the most recent progress in research on stem cell‐based dopamine neuron replacement therapy for PD and briefly discuss what the immediate future might hold. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A seasonally blended and regionally integrated drought index using Bayesian network theory
Authors: Raza Ahmad , Hussain Ijaz , Ali Zulfiqar , Faisal Muhammad , Elashkar Elsayed Elsherbini , Shoukry Alaa Mohamd , Al‐Deek Fares Fawzi , Gani Showkat 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmong the list of all‐natural hazards, the unique characteristic of drought is its multiplex nature. Besides, the inherited regional characteristics and seasonal variation of drought make it more complicated. Conventional drought indices are inadequate to integrate seasonal and local elements. Therefore, to integrate seasonal components and regional factors, the present study emphasizes the following features: the existence of multiple drought monitoring indicators, the regional broadcasting of drought‐related statistics, and seasonal fluctuations. The seasonally blended regionally integrated drought index (SBRIDI) based on two‐stage Bayesian network theory comprehensively captures seasonal and regional variability embedded in individual drought indicators and regionally scattered homogeneous meteorological stations. It extracts information from a widely accepted standardized precipitation index and other multiscalar variants (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, standardized precipitation temperature index). It offers a better estimate of drought severity and pattern in the whole study region. The application of the SBRIDI is based on six meteorological stations located in the Gilgit Baltistan region of Pakistan. Among 216 time series datasets, the stage I Bayesian network selects 72 seasonally relevant standardized drought indices datasets, and the stage II Bayesian network selects 12 of the seasonally most prominent meteorological station datasets. Temporal graphical evidence shows that the SBRIDI can assess the drought risk and depicts the spatial extent of drought conditions at the regional level. The SBRIDI can highlight hotspots of drought‐prone regions, which could help freshwater management agencies and stakeholders.
Blood group genotyping in alloimmunized multi‐transfused thalassemia patients from Iran
Authors: Sarihi Reyhaneh , Oodi Arezoo , Dadkhah Tehrani Raziyeh , Jalali Seyedeh Farzaneh , Mardani Fahimeh , Azarkeivan Azita , Gudarzi Samira , Amirizadeh Naser 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesSerological methods may not be reliable for RBC antigen typing, especially in multi‐transfused patients. The blood group systems provoking the most severe transfusion reactions are mainly Rh, Kell, Kidd, and Duffy. We intended to determine the genotype of these blood group system antigens among Iranian alloimmunized thalassemia patients using molecular methods and compare the results with serological phenotyping.MethodsTwo hundred patients participated in this study. Blood group phenotype and genotype were determined using the serological method and PCR‐SSP, respectively. The genotypes of patients with incompatibility between phenotype and genotype were re‐evaluated by RFLP‐PCR and confirmed by DNA sequencing.ResultsDiscrepancies between phenotype and genotype results were found in 132 alleles and 83 (41.5%) patients; however, there was complete accordance between the three genotyping methods. Most discrepancies were detected in Rh and Duffy systems with 47 and 45 cases, respectively, and the main discrepancy was in the FY*B/FY*B allele when serologically showed Fy(a+b+). All 39 undetermined phenotypes, due to mixed‐field reactions, were resolved by molecular genotyping.ConclusionMolecular genotyping is more reliable compared with the serological method, especially in multi‐transfused patients. Therefore, the addition of blood group genotyping to serological assays can lead to an antigen‐matched transfusion in these patients.
Chickpea Extract Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome Symptoms via Restoring Intestinal Ecology and Metabolic Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Li Pei , Lu Biyu , Gong Jing , Li Lin , Chen Guoping , Zhang Jiaxian , Chen Yongda , Tian Xing , Han Bo , Guo Yake , Xie Zhiyong , Liao Qiongfeng 
Published: May 2021

ScopeChickpeas have been recognized as a natural Uyghur medicine in Xinjiang (China) for 2500 years. Although the phenotypic effect on obesity or diabetes was authenticated, the mechanism was unclear. This work aims to study the effect of chickpea extract (CE) on metabolic syndrome induced by type 2 diabetes and to reveal its related mechanisms, focusing on intestinal flora and metabolomics.Methods and resultsDiabetic rats are induced by a high‐fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. CE supplementation (3 g kg−1) for 4 weeks improved the hyperglycemia, inflammatory state, and organ functions of diabetic rats. The metabolic profile trajectories of urine and faeces obtained by NMR have good separations among all groups, and CE significantly increases the contents of SCFAs in the cecum. Moreover, CE relieves intestinal dysbiosis by increasing the abundance of SCFAs‐producing bacteria (e.g., Enterococcaceae) but reduces conditional pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Corynebacterium). PICRUSt predicts the functions of gut microbiome from the 16S rRNA gene sequences and metagenome, and finds that CE restored amino acids degradation, bile acids metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism.ConclusionThis study elucidates the role of CE from the perspective of metabolomics and the microbiota, which provides evidence for chickpea as a prebiotic to prevent diabetes.
Compact circularly polarized GNSS antenna with broad beam and stable phase center based on fragment‐type crossed dipoles
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Zhang Hongliang , Wu Xiaopo , Wang Gang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study is dedicated to the comprehensive design of a compact circularly polarized microstrip antenna and the integration of essential properties of stable phase center, broad bandwidth, and wide beamwidth into that antenna. Such a compact antenna in electronically low size was firstly achieved by technically using paired fragment‐type crossed dipoles and applying multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm with enhanced genetic operators. The design method has proved a triumphant one in simulations and experimental tests that it guarantees the proposed antenna to hold the capability of operating in broad band covering the popular GNSS, such as the GPS, BeiDou, Galileo, and GLONASS. The verified antenna has also demonstrated a great flexibility to design requirement that it allows the stable phase center beneath 3.5° over the whole GNSS bands, relatively wide beamwidth more than 130°, and much compact structure.