bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐Adiabatic Electron Heating in the Magnetic Islands During Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Fujimoto Keizo , Cao Jin‐Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present study proposes a new mechanism to cause a strong electron heating in the magnetic islands ejected from the reconnection current layer. A large‐scale full kinetic simulation in three‐dimensional system demonstrates that the electrons are effectively accelerated by the non‐ideal electric field generated through the electromagnetic turbulence excited in the magnetic islands. It is found that the high‐energy electrons are efficiently scattered by the turbulence, resulting in the strong electron heating. The existence of turbulence and the associated non‐ideal electric field in the magnetic islands is consistent with recent satellite observations in the Earth’s magnetosphere.
Reconstructing Ocean‐Plate Stratigraphy (OPS) to Understand Accretionary Style and Mélange Fabric: Insights From the Bangong‐Nujiang Suture (Tibet, China)
Authors: Zeng Min , Zhang Ruisi , Chen Si , Liu Xinyu , Li Chenwei , Ettensohn Frank R. , Bie Lidong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOcean‐plate stratigraphy (OPS) refers to the lithostratigraphic column atop an ocean plate, which becomes scraped off during subduction and preserved in accretionary complex (AC). Herein, based on structural, stratigraphic, and geochronological studies of ACs from the Bangong‐Nujiang suture, we demonstrate that OPS can facilitate interpreting structural and compositional heterogeneities in ACs. Carefully correlated OPSs reveal that, on the overall sediment‐rich lower plate, different types of basement topography correspond to the accretion of distinct litho‐structural assemblages. In particular, subduction of the major, high‐relief Zhonggang seamount eroded the earlier margin and was subsequently accreted as coherent seamount slices. In contrast, subduction of the lower‐relief, Gaize seamount halted frontal accretion of trailing sediments, which were dragged downward to the seismogenic depth and underplated as pervasive, shear‐related broken formations. Such broken formations may fingerprint past lower‐relief‐seamount subduction in other fossil ACs.
Simulating Airflow Around Flexible Vegetative Windbreaks
Authors: Liu Rui , Zhang Junjie , Yang Xiaofan , Liu Shaomin , Kang Liqiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVegetative windbreaks play an important role in reducing soil erosion and sand storms, which are widely applied in arid/semiarid regions. An optimal design of vegetative windbreaks is essential in aeolian engineering practice. In this study, three‐dimensional airflows around multiple arrangements of vegetative windbreaks were simulated using a modified Reynolds‐Average Navier‐Stokes (RANS)‐based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, based on which, optimal designs of vegetative windbreaks were discussed. We proposed a correction factor in the source terms of the momentum and turbulent transport equations representing the effects due to the vibration of the vegetative windbreaks, which was further calibrated using both simulated and wind tunnel experimental results. Moreover, a quantitative expression of the correction factors associated with structural parameters of vegetative windbreaks was established and verified. For optimal designs to reduce wind erosion, a suite of numerical experiments was conducted to find the optimal height, leaf area density, and vegetation fraction of the vegetative windbreaks under different free‐stream wind speeds. The results identified that under low free‐stream wind speed (6.4 m/s), the optimal parameters are 9.0 cm, 0.45 cm2/cm3, and 3.92%. Under moderate free‐stream wind speed (8.0 m/s), those optimal parameters are 12.4 cm, 0.47 cm2/cm3, and 3.92%. Under relatively high free‐stream wind speed (10.8 m/s), the optimal parameters are 12.4 cm, 0.47 cm2/cm3, and 8.00%. The results of the current study will aid in optimizing vegetative windbreak designs and preventing wind erosion in aeolian engineering.
Multi‐Year Seasonal Trends in Sea Ice, Chlorophyll Concentration, and Marine Aerosol Optical Depth in the Bellingshausen Sea
Authors: Dasarathy S. , Kar J. , Tackett J. , Rodier S. D. , Lu X. , Vaughan M. , Toth T. D. , Trepte C. , Bowman J. S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study presents seasonal trends in marine tropospheric aerosol arising from the interplay between physical and biological processes in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Remote sensing‐based studies focused on aerosol distribution and links to chlorophyll‐a concentration and sea ice predominantly use passive sensor retrievals of aerosol optical properties. However, these data are subject to cloud presence, signal uncertainties, and lack of retrievals in high latitude wintertime. To address these concerns, we have developed a method of quantifying tropospheric marine aerosol with the NASA Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), which we term marine aerosol optical depth (MAOD). MAOD may be retrieved in nighttime conditions of high‐latitude winter and is devoid of cloud contamination, thereby advancing upon prior aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements linked with biogenic aerosol. To examine trends in tropospheric marine aerosol, we undertook a multi‐year remote sensing analysis in the Bellingshausen Sea from 2006 to 2018. A seasonal increase in MAOD was observed alongside a seasonal increase in chl‐a and sea ice melt, suggesting a biogenic component to aerosol presence. To the best of our knowledge, this study is also the first to further distinguish a late winter to early spring temporal MAOD signal, likely tied to an aerosol source from either venting of biogenic aerosol from breaks in sea ice or to sea spray/salt aerosol resulting from pulses in wind speed. Our work extends upon previous findings of AOD in polar environments and now more fully characterizes interactions during polar winter.
Tropospheric NO2 and O3 Response to COVID‐19 Lockdown Restrictions at the National and Urban Scales in Germany
Authors: Balamurugan Vigneshkumar , Chen Jia , Qu Zhen , Bi Xiao , Gensheimer Johannes , Shekhar Ankit , Bhattacharjee Shrutilipi , Keutsch Frank N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study estimates the influence of anthropogenic emission reductions on nitrogen dioxide () and ozone () concentration changes in Germany during the COVID‐19 pandemic period using in‐situ surface and Sentinel‐5 Precursor TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite column measurements and GEOS‐Chem model simulations. We show that reductions in anthropogenic emissions in eight German metropolitan areas reduced mean in‐situ (& column) concentrations by 23 (& 16 ) between March 21 and June 30, 2020 after accounting for meteorology, whereas the corresponding mean in‐situ concentration increased by 4 between March 21 and May 31, 2020, and decreased by 3 in June 2020, compared to 2019. In the winter and spring, the degree of saturation of ozone production is stronger than in the summer. This implies that future reductions in emissions in these metropolitan areas are likely to increase ozone pollution during winter and spring if appropriate mitigation measures are not implemented. TROPOMI concentrations decreased nationwide during the stricter lockdown period after accounting for meteorology with the exception of North‐West Germany which can be attributed to enhanced emissions from agricultural soils.
Divergent Gas Transfer Velocities of CO2, CH4, and N2O Over Spatial and Temporal Gradients in a Subtropical Estuary
Authors: Rosentreter Judith A. , Wells Naomi S. , Ulseth Amber J. , Eyre Bradley D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh global uncertainties remain in water‐air CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes from estuaries due to spatial and temporal variability and the poor predictability of the gas transfer velocity (k600). This is the first study that directly compares k600 of CO2, CH4, and N2O in an estuary with the aim to evaluate the accuracy of using a uniform k600 value for estimating water‐air fluxes. We calculated 155 k600 values from CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes over spatial (across, along) and temporal (tidal cycle) surveys in the subtropical Maroochy estuary using the floating chamber method. Combined k600 values showed a large range over the entire estuary (0.1–198.6 cm h−1) with slightly lower k600 in the lower compared to the upper estuary. Overall, temporal variability was greater than spatial variability of k600. We found the highest variability of k600 between gas species in the lower estuary, whereas the variability was less distinct in the upper estuary. In the Maroochy estuary, k600CO2 (mean 26.4 ± 37.3 cm h−1) was mostly higher than k600CH4 (mean 10.9 ± 10.6 cm h−1) and k600N2O (mean 9.9 ± 12.3 cm h−1), likely due to chemical and enzymatic enhancements and/or microbial activity in the surface microlayer. We demonstrate that empirical k600 models intended for CO2 may not accurately predict CH4 and N2O fluxes in estuaries. Our tested k600 models predicted the measured fluxes within an uncertainty range of 5%–40% (over or underestimation), but precise flux estimates should be based on in situ k600 of all three gases.
Tailoring a Child Injury Prevention Program for Low-Income U.S. Families
Authors: Damashek Amy , Morrongiello Barbara , Diaz Felicia , Prokos Sophia , Arbour Emilie 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death for children in the United States, and young children ages 1 to 4 years are particularly at risk. Supervising for Home Safety (SHS) is a Canadian intervention that has been shown to reduce children’s injury risk by increasing caregiver supervision. Given that low-income children are at greatest risk for injury, this study describes a process of modifying the SHS program to be culturally appropriate for low-income families of U.S. preschool children. Method: Two rounds of focus groups were completed; feedback from the first round of focus groups was used to modify program materials prior to the second round. Results: Caregivers gleaned important take-away messages from both the original and modified materials, including the idea that injuries can happen quickly and caregivers can prevent injuries. Modifications to the intervention included increased diversity in the families represented in the videos as well as inclusion of U.S. injury statistics. Caregivers in both rounds of focus groups noted that the program messages were relatable and realistic and that the materials were impactful in increasing their awareness of children’s injury risk. Conclusion: We were able to successfully modify the SHS program to be appropriate for low-income U.S. families while preserving the core program messages. Implications for Impact Statement Focus groups with caregivers from U.S. preschool programs serving low-income children found that a child injury prevention program was successful in increasing caregivers’ awareness of the importance of supervising children more closely to prevent injuries. Based on caregiver feedback, changes to the program were made to make it more culturally relevant to low-income U.S. families.
Long-term follow-up of ibrutinib monotherapy in treatment-naive patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Authors: Castillo Jorge J. , Meid Kirsten , Gustine Joshua N. , Leventoff Carly , White Timothy , Flynn Catherine A. , Sarosiek Shayna , Demos Maria G. , Guerrera Maria L. , Kofides Amanda , Liu Xia , Munshi Manit , Tsakmaklis Nicholas , Xu Lian , Yang Guang , Branagan Andrew R. , O’Donnell Elizabeth , Raje Noopur , Yee Andrew J. , Patterson Christopher J. , Hunter Zachary R. , Treon Steven P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHerein, we present the final report of a single-center, prospective phase II study evaluating ibrutinib 420 mg once daily in 30 treatment-naive patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). The present study is registered with ClinicalTrials.Gov (NCT02604511). With a median follow-up of 50 months, the overall, major, and VGPR response rates were 100%, 87%, and 30%. The VGPR rate was numerically but not significantly lower in patients with than without CXCR4 mutations (14% vs. 44%; p = 0.09). The median time to a minor response was 0.9 months, and to a major response was 1.9 months, though were longer in those with mutated CXCR4 at 1.7 months (p = 0.07) and 7.3 months (p = 0.01). Six patients had disease progression. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was not reached, and the 4-year PFS rate was 76%. There was also a non-significant lower 4-year PFS rate in patients with than without CXCR4 mutations (59% vs. 92%; p = 0.06). The most common treatment-related adverse events were fatigue, upper respiratory infection, and hematoma. Atrial fibrillation occurred in 20% of patients. Ibrutinib monotherapy induced durable responses in treatment-naive patients with WM. CXCR4 mutations impacted VGPR attainment, time to major response, and 4-year PFS rate.
Malat-1-PRC2-EZH1 interaction supports adaptive oxidative stress dependent epigenome remodeling in skeletal myotubes
Authors: El Said Nadine Hosny , Della Valle Francesco , Liu Peng , Paytuví-Gallart Andreu , Adroub Sabir , Gimenez Juliette , Orlando Valerio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPRC2-mediated epigenetic function involves the interaction with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Although the identity of some of these RNAs has been elucidated in the context of developmental programs, their counterparts in postmitotic adult tissue homeostasis remain uncharacterized. To this aim, we used terminally differentiated postmitotic skeletal muscle cells in which oxidative stress induces the dynamic activation of PRC2-Ezh1 through Embryonic Ectoderm Develpment (EED) shuttling to the nucleus. We identify lncRNA Malat-1 as a necessary partner for PRC2-Ezh1-dependent response to oxidative stress. We show that in this pathway, PRC2-EZH1 dynamic assembly, and in turn stress induced skeletal muscle targeted genes repression, depends specifically on Malat-1. Our study reports about PRC2–RNA interactions in the physiological context of adaptive oxidative stress response and identifies the first lncRNA involved in PRC2-Ezh1 function.
Pyroptosis inhibition improves the symptom of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Liu Wenju , Shen Junwei , Li Yanfei , Wu Jiawen , Luo Xiaoli , Yu Yuanyuan , Zhang Yuhan , Gu Liang , Zhang Xiaobai , Jiang Cizhong , Li Jue 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (AMI), the leading cause of mortality worldwide, is a rapidly developing and irreversible disease. Therefore, proper prompt intervention at the early stage of AMI is crucial for its treatment. However, the molecular features in the early stage have not been clarified. Here, we constructed mouse AMI model and profiled transcriptomes and proteomes at the early stages of AMI progress. Immune system was extensively activated at 6-h AMI. Then, pyroptosis was activated at 24-h AMI. VX-765 treatment, a pyroptosis inhibitor, significantly reduced the infarct size and improved the function of cardiomyocytes. Besides, we identified that WIPI1, specifically expressed in heart, was significantly upregulated at 1 h after AMI. Moreover, WIPI1 expression is significantly higher in the peripheral blood of patients with AMI than healthy control. WIPI1 can serve as a potential early diagnostic biomarker for AMI. It likely decelerates AMI progress by activating autophagy pathways. These findings shed new light on gene expression dynamics in AMI progress, and present a potential early diagnostic marker and a candidate drug for clinical pre-treatment to prolong the optimal cure time.
Realization of topological Mott insulator in a twisted bilayer graphene lattice model
Authors: Chen Bin-Bin , Liao Yuan Da , Chen Ziyu , Vafek Oskar , Kang Jian , Li Wei , Meng Zi Yang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMagic-angle twisted bilayer graphene has recently become a thriving material platform realizing correlated electron phenomena taking place within its topological flat bands. Several numerical and analytical methods have been applied to understand the correlated phases therein, revealing some similarity with the quantum Hall physics. In this work, we provide a Mott-Hubbard perspective for the TBG system. Employing the large-scale density matrix renormalization group on the lattice model containing the projected Coulomb interactions only, we identify a first-order quantum phase transition between the insulating stripe phase and the quantum anomalous Hall state with the Chern number of ±1. Our results not only shed light on the mechanism of the quantum anomalous Hall state discovered at three-quarters filling, but also provide an example of the topological Mott insulator, i.e., the quantum anomalous Hall state in the strong coupling limit.
Activation of anionic redox in d0 transition metal chalcogenides by anion doping
Authors: Leube Bernhard T. , Robert Clara , Foix Dominique , Porcheron Benjamin , Dedryvère Remi , Rousse Gwenaëlle , Salager Elodie , Cabelguen Pierre-Etienne , Abakumov Artem M. , Vezin Hervé , Doublet Marie-Liesse , Tarascon Jean-Marie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExpanding the chemical space for designing novel anionic redox materials from oxides to sulfides has enabled to better apprehend fundamental aspects dealing with cationic-anionic relative band positioning. Pursuing with chalcogenides, but deviating from cationic substitution, we here present another twist to our band positioning strategy that relies on mixed ligands with the synthesis of the Li2TiS3-xSex solid solution series. Through the series the electrochemical activity displays a bell shape variation that peaks at 260 mAh/g for the composition x = 0.6 with barely no capacity for the x = 0 and x = 3 end members. We show that this capacity results from cumulated anionic (Se2−/Sen−) and (S2−/Sn−) and cationic Ti3+/Ti4+ redox processes and provide evidence for a metal-ligand charge transfer by temperature-driven electron localization. Moreover, DFT calculations reveal that an anionic redox process cannot take place without the dynamic involvement of the transition metal electronic states. These insights can guide the rational synthesis of other Li-rich chalcogenides that are of interest for the development of solid-state batteries.
Strength can be controlled by edge dislocations in refractory high-entropy alloys
Authors: Lee Chanho , Maresca Francesco , Feng Rui , Chou Yi , Ungar T. , Widom Michael , An Ke , Poplawsky Jonathan D. , Chou Yi-Chia , Liaw Peter K. , Curtin W. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEnergy efficiency is motivating the search for new high-temperature (high-T) metals. Some new body-centered-cubic (BCC) random multicomponent “high-entropy alloys (HEAs)” based on refractory elements (Cr-Mo-Nb-Ta-V-W-Hf-Ti-Zr) possess exceptional strengths at high temperatures but the physical origins of this outstanding behavior are not known. Here we show, using integrated in-situ neutron-diffraction (ND), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and recent theory, that the high strength and strength retention of a NbTaTiV alloy and a high-strength/low-density CrMoNbV alloy are attributable to edge dislocations. This finding is surprising because plastic flows in BCC elemental metals and dilute alloys are generally controlled by screw dislocations. We use the insight and theory to perform a computationally-guided search over 107 BCC HEAs and identify over 106 possible ultra-strong high-T alloy compositions for future exploration.
From laboratory experiments to geophysical tsunamis generated by subaerial landslides
Authors: Robbe-Saule Manon , Morize Cyprien , Bertho Yann , Sauret Alban , Hildenbrand Anthony , Gondret Philippe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModeling of tsunami waves generated by subaerial landslides is important to provide accurate hazard and risk assessments in coastal areas. We perform small-scale laboratory experiments where a tsunami-like wave is generated by the gravity-driven collapse of a subaerial granular column into water. We show that the maximal amplitude reached near-shore by the generated wave in our experiments is linked to the instantaneous immersed volume of grains and to the ultimate immersed deposit. Despite the differences in scale and geometry between our small-scale experiments and the larger-scale geophysical events, a rather good agreement is found between the experimental law and the field data. This approach offers an easy way to estimate the amplitude of paleo-tsunamis.
The predicting factors for indication of surgery in patients with hemoperitoneum caused by corpus luteum cyst rupture
Authors: Kim Mi Ju , Kim Hyun Mi , Seong Won Joon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the risk factors for surgery in patients with hemoperitoneum caused by corpus luteum cyst rupture. A retrospective review of medical records of 155 patients diagnosed with hemoperitoneum caused by corpus luteum cyst rupture was conducted between January 2010 and March 2015. The patients were divided into two groups: surgical and conservative management. The differences in characteristics between the two groups were compared. The indicators that determine the need of a surgery at the initial visit were also compared between the two groups. Initial hemoglobin level was lower (11.3 ± 1.4 g/dL vs. 12.2 ± 1.2 g/dL; p = 0.007) in the surgery group. There were significant differences in posterior cul-de-sac (PCDS) fluid collection depth (6.2 ± 2.5 cm vs. 4.5 ± 1.6 cm, p = 0.000), total fluid collection depth (8.4 ± 1.8 cm vs. 6.5 ± 2.1 cm, p = 0.000), single deepest pocket depth (6.7 ± 2.2 cm vs. 5.1 ± 1.5 cm, p = 0.006), liver-dome fluid (78.9% vs. 35.6%; p = 0.002), and estimated intrapelvic bleeding amount (325 ± 250 cc vs. 206 ± 146.5 cc, p = 0.002). The extravasation over grade 2 was more often in surgery group (68.4% vs. 30.1%; p = 0.001). PCDS fluid collection depth, the presence of liver-dome fluid, and the severity of contrast extravasation through ultrasonography and computed tomography are good indicators for determining the management of hemoperitoneum resulting from corpus luteum cyst rupture in healthy women.
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone improves neuropathological changes in the brain of Tg26 mice, a model for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder
Authors: Bryant Joseph , Andhavarapu Sanketh , Bever Christopher , Guda Poornachander , Katuri Akhil , Gupta Udit , Arvas Muhammed , Asemu Girma , Heredia Alonso , Gerzanich Volodymyr , Simard J. Marc , Makar Tapas Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe combined antiretroviral therapy era has significantly increased the lifespan of people with HIV (PWH), turning a fatal disease to a chronic one. However, this lower but persistent level of HIV infection increases the susceptibility of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Therefore, research is currently seeking improved treatment for this complication of HIV. In PWH, low levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been associated with worse neurocognitive impairment. Hence, BDNF administration has been gaining relevance as a possible adjunct therapy for HAND. However, systemic administration of BDNF is impractical because of poor pharmacological profile. Therefore, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of BDNF-mimicking 7,8 dihydroxyflavone (DHF), a bioactive high-affinity TrkB agonist, in the memory-involved hippocampus and brain cortex of Tg26 mice, a murine model for HAND. In these brain regions, we observed astrogliosis, increased expression of chemokine HIV-1 coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial damage. Hippocampi and cortices of DHF treated mice exhibited a reversal of these pathological changes, suggesting the therapeutic potential of DHF in HAND. Moreover, our data indicates that DHF increases the phosphorylation of TrkB, providing new insights about the role of the TrkB–Akt–NFkB signaling pathway in mediating these pathological hallmarks. These findings guide future research as DHF shows promise as a TrkB agonist treatment for HAND patients in adjunction to the current antiviral therapies.