bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is unethical leadership a negative for Employees' personal growth and intention to stay? The buffering role of responsibility climate
Authors: Ruiz‐Palomino Pablo , Martínez‐Cañas Ricardo , Bañón‐Gomis Alexis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVarious forms of unethical leadership are associated with a wide range of negative outcomes, including decreases in subordinates' intention to stay, which is associated with higher turnover, among other negative organizational outcomes. Since the strength of the association between unethical leadership and intent to stay is variable, we examined personal growth satisfaction as a mediator and responsibility climate as a moderator of the relationship. In a Spain‐based sample of 150 employees, we found as anticipated, that personal growth satisfaction mediated the negative impact of unethical supervision on intention to stay. In terms of moderation, also as expected, high (versus low) responsibility climate weakened the negative relationship between unethical leadership and subordinates' personal growth satisfaction, as well as the indirect negative impact of unethical leadership on subordinates' intention to stay. Importantly, since unethical leadership is difficult to eliminate totally, our findings are significant because they suggest several ways to minimize its negative effects.
Temporal overexpression of IL‐22 and Reg3γ differentially impacts the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Eken Ahmet , Erdem Serife , Haliloglu Yesim , Zehra Okus Fatma , Cakir Mustafa , Fatih Yetkin Mehmet , Akcakoyunlu Merve , Karayigit Mehmet Onder , Azizoglu Zehra Busra , Bicer Ayten , Gur Tugba Nur , Aslan Kubra , Hora Mehmet , Oukka Mohamed , Altuntas Hamiyet Donmez , Ufuk Nalbantoglu Ozkan , Gundogdu Aycan , Mirza Meral , Canatan Halit 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIL‐22 is an alpha‐helical cytokine which belongs to the IL‐10 family of cytokines. IL‐22 is produced by RORγt+ innate and adaptive lymphocytes, including ILC3, γδ T, iNKT, Th17 and Th22 cells and some granulocytes. IL‐22 receptor is expressed primarily by non‐haematopoietic cells. IL‐22 is critical for barrier immunity at the mucosal surfaces in the steady state and during infection. Although IL‐22 knockout mice were previously shown to develop experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), how temporal IL‐22 manipulation in adult mice would affect EAE course has not been studied previously. In this study, we overexpressed IL‐22 via hydrodynamic gene delivery or blocked it via neutralizing antibodies in C57BL/6 mice to explore the therapeutic impact of IL‐22 modulation on the EAE course. IL‐22 overexpression significantly decreased EAE scores and demyelination, and reduced infiltration of IFN‐γ+IL‐17A+Th17 cells into the central nervous system (CNS). The neutralization of IL‐22 did not alter the EAE pathology significantly. We show that IL‐22‐mediated protection is independent of Reg3γ, an epithelial cell‐derived antimicrobial peptide induced by IL‐22. Thus, overexpression of Reg3γ significantly exacerbated EAE scores, demyelination and infiltration of IFN‐γ+IL‐17A+ and IL‐17A+GM‐CSF+Th17 cells to CNS. We also show that Reg3γ may inhibit IL‐2‐mediated STAT5 signalling and impair expansion of Treg cells in vivo and in vitro. Finally, Reg3γ overexpression dramatically impacted intestinal microbiota during EAE. Our results provide novel insight into the role of IL‐22 and IL‐22‐induced antimicrobial peptide Reg3γ in the pathogenesis of CNS inflammation in a murine model of MS.
Performance analysis of stand‐alone solar photovoltaic thermal dryer for drying of green chili in hot‐humid weather conditions ofNorth‐EastIndia
Authors: Gupta Ankur , Das Biplab , Biswas Agnimitra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present study, an innovative stand‐alone solar photovoltaic thermal (PVT) dryer has been designed and tested in hot‐humid weather conditions of North‐East India for drying green chili. The electrical output of the hybrid PVT solar dryer has been utilized to operate the blower for the dryer making the system self‐sustained. A comparative analysis of the drying phenomena under the open sun and in the PVT based dryer is performed. Mathematical modeling is also done to investigate the drying kinetics of green chili for both drying conditions. Results indicate that the moisture content of 0.030 (d.b.) in the solar dryer and 0.035 (d.b.) in the open sun has been reduced for a span of 21 and 37 hr, respectively. Hybrid PVT solar dryer has achieved an average thermal efficiency of 31.37% and an average specific moisture extraction rate of 0.228 kg/kWh. The overall energy consumption for drying green chili is calculated to be 4.90 kWh/kg. Also, the overall thermal efficiency of 64.16%, thermal efficiency of 30.15%, and average electrical efficiency of 12.92% are secured. The results demonstrate the improved performance of the present PVT dryer for green chili drying in comparison to some of the conventional direct/indirect solar dryers.Practical ApplicationsThe present PVT solar dryer system can be utilized for drying the products using thermal energy produced by PVT air collector as well as generating electrical power in the decentralized off‐grid areas. Solar drying is not adequately popular in the North‐Eastern part of India due to the unavailability of solar drying systems for farmers. The agricultural products can be dried in the farming areas by installing this system. This PVT solar dryer provides a solution to the farmers for drying at zero energy cost and can be used as a source of income generation. This PVT solar drying system can be used to increase the storage life and reduce the spoilage and deterioration of agricultural commodities. Energy efficient solar drying process, high‐quality products, and faster drying rate compared to traditional drying method can be achieved with the help of using this system.
Enablers and barriers in hospital‐to‐home transitional care for stroke survivors and caregivers: A systematic review
Authors: Chen Langduo , Xiao Lily Dongxia , Chamberlain Diane , Newman Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo synthesise qualitative research evidence on the experience of stroke survivors and informal caregivers in hospital‐to‐home transitional care.BackgroundDue to a shortened hospital stay, stroke survivors/caregivers must take over complex care on discharge from hospital to home. Gaps in the literature warrant a meta‐synthesis of qualitative studies on perceived enablers and barriers during this crucial period.DesignA systematic review and meta‐synthesis.MethodsA review was guided by Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) checklist where six databases were searched from April to June 2020 including CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. There was no date limit to the search. Selected studies were critically appraised. A thematic synthesis approach was applied.ResultsThe synthesis of 29 studies identified three major findings. First, partnerships with stroke survivors/caregivers empower discharge preparation, foster competence to navigate health and social care systems and activate self‐management capabilities. Second, gaps in discharge planning and the lack of timely postdischarge support contribute to unmet care needs for stroke survivors/caregivers and affect their ability to cope with poststroke changes. Third, stroke survivors/caregivers expect integrated transitional care that promotes shared decision‐making and enables long‐term self‐management at home.ConclusionsHospital‐to‐home transition is a challenging period in the trajectory of poststroke rehabilitation and recovery. Further research is required to deepen understandings of all stakeholders’ views and address unmet needs during transitional care.Relevance to clinical practiceProtocols and clinical guidelines relating to discharge planning and transitional care need to be reviewed to ensure partnership approach with survivors/caregivers in the design and delivery of individualised transitional care. Stroke nurses are in a unique position to lead timely support for survivors/caregivers and to bridge service gaps in hospital‐to‐home transitional care.
Appraisal of clinical practice guidelines for the evaluation and management of neck masses in children
Authors: Shin Max , Prasad Aman , Arguelles Gabriel R , Wakim Jonathan J , Chorath Kevin , Moreira Alvaro , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: April 2021

AimThe purpose of this systematic review was to use the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation tool to assess the methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the workup and management of paediatric neck masses.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane and grey literature were searched to identify CPG incorporating paediatric neck masses. Four authors with previous training of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation tool evaluated the included studies.ResultsNine studies met inclusion criteria. The highest scoring domains were ‘Scope and Purpose’ (74.0 ± 4.5) and ‘Clarity of Presentation’ (72.9 ± 6.3). The lowest scoring domains were ‘Rigour and Development’ (18.8 ± 7.5) and ‘Applicability’ (23.7 ± 6.1). One study was ‘High’ quality, three received scores of ‘Average’ and five were found to be ‘Low’ quality.ConclusionThe majority of paediatric neck mass CPGs were low to average quality. The domains in need of greatest improvement were ‘Rigour and Development’ and ‘Applicability’, suggesting significant concerns in current CPGs focused on paediatric neck masses.
Does getting defensive get you anywhere?—Seasonal balancing selection, temperature, and parasitoids shape real‐world, protective endosymbiont dynamics in the pea aphid
Authors: Smith Andrew H. , O’Connor Michael P. , Deal Brooke , Kotzer Coleman , Lee Amanda , Wagner Barrett , Joffe Jonah , Woloszynek Stephen , Oliver Kerry M. , Russell Jacob A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFacultative, heritable endosymbionts are found at intermediate prevalence within most insect species, playing frequent roles in their hosts’ defence against environmental pressures. Focusing on Hamiltonella defensa, a common bacterial endosymbiont of aphids, we tested the hypothesis that such pressures impose seasonal balancing selection, shaping a widespread infection polymorphism. In our studied pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) population, Hamiltonella frequencies ranged from 23.2% to 68.1% across a six‐month longitudinal survey. Rapid spikes and declines were often consistent across fields, and we estimated that selection coefficients for Hamiltonella‐infected aphids changed sign within this field season. Prior laboratory research suggested antiparasitoid defence as the major Hamiltonella benefit, and costs under parasitoid absence. While a prior field study suggested these forces can sometimes act as counter‐weights in a regime of seasonal balancing selection, our present survey showed no significant relationship between parasitoid wasps and Hamiltonella prevalence. Field cage experiments provided some explanation: parasitoids drove modest ~10% boosts to Hamiltonella frequencies that would be hard to detect under less controlled conditions. They also showed that Hamiltonella was not always costly under parasitoid exclusion, contradicting another prediction. Instead, our longitudinal survey – and two overwintering studies – showed temperature to be the strongest predictor of Hamiltonella prevalence. Matching some prior lab discoveries, this suggested that thermally sensitive costs and benefits, unrelated to parasitism, can shape Hamiltonella dynamics. These results add to a growing body of evidence for rapid, seasonal adaptation in multivoltine organisms, suggesting that such adaptation can be mediated through the diverse impacts of heritable bacterial endosymbionts.
Sick bats stay home alone: fruit bats practice social distancing when faced with an immunological challenge
Authors: Moreno Kelsey R. , Weinberg Maya , Harten Lee , Salinas Ramos Valeria B. , Herrera M. L. Gerardo , Czirják Gábor Á. , Yovel Yossi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlong with its many advantages, social roosting imposes a major risk of pathogen transmission. How social animals reduce this risk is poorly documented. We used lipopolysaccharide challenge to imitate bacterial infection in both a captive and a free‐living colony of an extremely social, long‐lived mammal—the Egyptian fruit bat. We monitored behavioral and physiological responses using an arsenal of methods, including onboard GPS to track foraging, acceleration sensors to monitor movement, infrared video to record social behavior, and blood samples to measure immune markers. Sick‐like (immune‐challenged) bats exhibited an increased immune response, as well as classic illness symptoms, including fever, weight loss, anorexia, and lethargy. Notably, the bats also exhibited behaviors that would reduce pathogen transfer. They perched alone and appeared to voluntarily isolate themselves from the group by leaving the social cluster, which is extremely atypical for this species. The sick‐like individuals in the open colony ceased foraging outdoors for at least two nights, thus reducing transmission to neighboring colonies. Together, these sickness behaviors demonstrate a strong, integrative immune response that promotes recovery of infected individuals while reducing pathogen transmission inside and outside the roost, including spillover events to other species, such as humans.
Lipopolysaccharides affect compressed periodontal ligament cells via Eph–ephrin signaling
Authors: Li Minjie , Tang Zhongyuan , Zhang Chengfei , Jin Lijian , Matsuo Koichi , Yang Yanqi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanism of the recovery of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) sequentially exposed to inflammation and mechanical loading.Materials and MethodsWe divided PDLCs into four groups: control; compressive force (CF) alone (2.0 g/cm2); lipopolysaccharides (LPS) pretreatment (0.1 μg/ml) followed by simultaneous LPS and CF stimulation, simulating uncontrolled periodontitis; and LPS pretreatment followed by CF exposure, simulating controlled periodontitis. The expression of EphB4‐ephrinB2 and EphA2‐ephrinA2, and the level of osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis were evaluated.ResultsSimultaneous stimulation by LPS and CF, compared with CF alone and sequential LPS and CF exposure, significantly suppressed EphB4 and enhanced ephrinA2 expression. Similarly, the most intense osteoclastic differentiation was observed under simultaneous LPS and CF stimulation, while sequential exposure to LPS and CF only slightly increased osteoclastic cell numbers. Both the activation of EphB4 signaling and ephrinA2 silencing lowered osteoclastic differentiation, which had previously been upregulated by simultaneous LPS and CF stimulation. These treatments also increased osteogenic differentiation.ConclusionsSimultaneous LPS and CF stimulation critically enhances osteoclastogenesis in PDLCs through the suppression of EphB4 and the induction of ephrinA2 signaling. Sequential LPS and CF exposure partially abolishes the osteolytic effects of simultaneous stimulation.
Prognostic factor identification by screening changes in differentially expressed genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Schminke Boris , Shomroni Orr , Salinas Gabriela , Bremmer Felix , Kauffmann Philipp , Schliephake Henning , Oyelami Felix , Rahat Michal A. , Brockmeyer Phillipp 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study was designed to identify changes in the expression of proteins occurring during the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to validate their impact on patient prognosis.Materials and MethodsThe human OSCC cell line UPCI‐SCC‐040 was treated in vitro with TGF‐β1, and transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed putative candidates relative to untreated cells. The respective protein expression levels of the most important genes were immunohistochemically validated on a tissue microarray (TMA) containing tissue samples from 39 patients with OSCC and were correlated with disease‐free survival (DFS) as the primary clinical endpoint.ResultsOur univariate Cox proportional hazard regression (CR) analysis revealed significant correlations among positive N stage (local lymph node metastasis, p = .04), stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 (p < .01), sclerostin (p = .01), and CD137L expression (p = .04) and DFS. Stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 and sclerostin remained the main prognostic factors (p < .01) in the multiple CR model.ConclusionWe identified changes in differentially expressed genes during OSCC progression in vitro and translated the impact of the most deregulated genes on patient prognosis. Stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 and sclerostin acted as independent prognostic factors in OSCC and could also be interesting candidates for new cancer targeted therapeutic approaches.
Increased miR‐21‐3p and miR‐487b‐3p serum levels during anaphylactic reaction in food allergic children
Authors: Nuñez‐Borque Emilio , Fernandez‐Bravo Sergio , Rodriguez Del Rio Pablo , Alwashali Ebrahim Mohammed , Lopez‐Dominguez David , Gutierrez‐Blazquez Maria Dolores , Laguna Jose Julio , Tome‐Amat Jaime , Gallego‐Delgado Julio , Gomez‐Lopez Alicia , Betancor Diana , Cuesta‐Herranz Javier , Ibañez‐Sandin Maria Dolores , Benito‐Martin Alberto , Esteban Vanesa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnaphylaxis is the most severe manifestation of allergic disorders. The poor knowledge of its molecular mechanisms often leads to under‐diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate physiologic and pathologic processes, and they have been postulated as promising diagnostic markers. The main objectives of this study were to characterize the human miRNA profile during anaphylaxis and to assess their capacity as diagnostic markers and determine their participation in the molecular mechanisms of this event.MethodsThe miRNA serum profiles from the acute and baseline phase of 5 oral food‐challenged anaphylactic children (<18 years old) were obtained by next‐generation sequencing (NGS). From the panel of statistically significant miRNAs obtained, several candidates were selected and analyzed in 19 anaphylactic children by qPCR. We performed system biology analysis (SBA) on their target genes to identify main functions and canonical pathways. A functional in vitro assay was carried out incubating endothelial cells (ECs) in anaphylactic conditions.ResultsThe NGS identified 389 miRNAs among which 41 were significantly different between acute and baseline samples. The high levels of miR‐21‐3p (fold change = 2.28, P = .006) and miR‐487b‐3p (fold change = 1.04, P = .039) observed by NGS in acute serum samples were confirmed in a larger group of 19 patients. The SBA revealed molecular pathways related to the inflammation and immune system regulation. miR‐21‐3p increased intracellularly and in acute phase serum after EC stimulation.ConclusionsThese findings provide, for the first time, some insights into the anaphylactic miRNA serum profile in children and point to miR‐21‐3p and miR‐487b‐3p as candidate biomarkers. Furthermore, the SBA revealed a possible implication of these molecules in the underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, ECs increased miR‐21‐3p intracellularly and released it to the environment in response to anaphylaxis.
Dear Pandemic: Nurses as key partners in fighting the COVID‐19 infodemic
Authors: Ritter Ashley Z. , Aronowitz Shoshana , Leininger Lindsey , Jones Malia , Dowd Jennifer Beam , Albrecht Sandra , Buttenheim Alison M. , Simanek Amanda M. , Hale Lauren , Kumar Aparna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and subsequent proliferation of misinformation have created parallel public health crises. Social media offers a novel platform to amplify evidence‐based communication to broader audiences. This paper describes the application of science communication engagement on social media platforms by an interdisciplinary team of female scientists in a campaign called Dear Pandemic. Nurses are trusted professionals trained in therapeutic communication and are central to this effort. The Dear Pandemic campaign now has more than 97,000 followers with international and multilingual impact. Public health strategies to combat misinformation and guide individual behavior via social media show promise, and require further investment to support this novel dissemination of science communication.
The Impact of COVID‐19 on the Latinx Population: A Scoping Literature Review
Authors: Moore Karen S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore factors associated with the impact of COVID‐19 on the Latinx population, a Scoping Review of literature was undertaken.DesignA systematic review was conducted utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis Scoping Review (PRISMA ScR) guidelines. A search of databases PubMed, CINAHL, and APA PsycINFO was conducted and included studies through November 23, 2020.SampleSelected articles were limited to English language, included population data from the US, were specific to the topic of COVID‐19, Latinx community findings significantly addressed, and added significant information to the developing narrative not covered elsewhere.ResultsSixteen studies in the final selection included meta‐analyses, community‐based assessments, and electronic health records reviews of hospital systems and local/state/national public databases. This review describes the prevalence of COVID‐19 in the Latinx population, social factors related to disease burden, and the economic implications and disproportionality of COVID‐19.ConclusionsThe impact of COVID‐19 on the Latinx population is multi‐factorial. More research is needed to examine each of these factors in greater detail.
Impact of structured curriculum with simulation on bronchoscopy
Authors: Siow Wen Ting , Tan Gan‐Liang , Loo Chian‐Min , Khoo Kay‐Leong , Kee Adrian , Tee Augustine , bin Mohamed Noor Imran , Tay Noel , Lee Pyng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveSimulation enhances a physician's competency in procedural skills by accelerating ascent of the learning curve. Training programmes are moving away from the Halstedian model of ‘see one, do one, teach one’, also referred as medical apprenticeship. We aimed to determine if a 3‐month structured bronchoscopy curriculum that incorporated simulator training could improve bronchoscopy competency among pulmonary medicine trainees.MethodsWe prospectively recruited trainees from hospitals with accredited pulmonary medicine programmes. Trainees from hospitals (A, B and C) were assigned to control group (CG) where they received training by traditional apprenticeship while trainees from hospital D were assigned to intervention group (IG) where they underwent 3‐month structured curriculum that incorporated training with the bronchoscopy simulator. Two patient bronchoscopy procedures per trainee were recorded on video and scored independently by two expert bronchoscopists using the modified Bronchoscopy Skills and Tasks Assessment Tool (BSTAT) forms. A 25 multiple choice questions (MCQ) test was administered to all participants at the end of 3 months.ResultsEighteen trainees participated; 10 in CG and eight in IG with equal female:male ratio. Competency assessed by modified BSTAT and MCQ tests was variable and not driven by volume as IG performed fewer patient bronchoscopies but demonstrated better BSTAT, airway anaesthesia and MCQ scores. Bronchoscopy simulator training was the only factor that correlated with better BSTAT (r = 0.80), MCQ (r = 0.85) and airway anaesthesia scores (r = 0.83), and accelerated the learning curve of IG trainees.ConclusionAn intensive 3‐month structured bronchoscopy curriculum that incorporated simulator training led to improved cognitive and technical skill performance as compared with apprenticeship training.