bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma radiation behavior approaching high-radiation scenarios in W7-X
Authors: Zhang D. , Burhenn R. , Feng Y. , König R. , Buttenschön B. , Beidler C.D. , Hacker P. , Reimold F. , Thomsen H. , Laube R. , Klinger T. , Giannone L. , Penzel F. , Pavone A. , Krychowiak M. , Beurskens M. , Bozhenkov S. , Brunner J.K. , Effenberg F. , Fuchert G. , Gao Y. , Geiger J. , Hirsch M. , Höfel U. , Jakubowski M. , Knauer J. , Kwak S. , Laqua H.P. , Niemann H. , Otte M. , Pedersen T. Sunn , Pasch E. , Pablant N. , Rahbarnia K. , Svensson J. , Blackwell B. , Drews P. , Endler M. , Rudischhauser L. , Wang E. , Weir G. , Winters V. , the W7-X Team  
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The W7-X stellarator has so far performed experiments under both limiter and divertor conditions. The plasma is mostly generated by ECR-heating with powers up to 6.5 MW, and the plasma density is usually limited by the radiation losses from low-Z impurities (such as carbon and oxygen) released mainly from the graphite targets. The present work first summarizes the radiation loss fractions f
rad achieved in quasi-stationary hydrogen plasmas in both operational phases, and then shows how impurity radiation behaves differently with the two different boundary conditions as the plasma density increases. The divertor operation is emphasized and some beneficial effects (with respect to impurity radiation) are highlighted: (1) intensive radiation is located at the edge (r/a > 0.8) even at high radiation loss fractions, (2) the plasma remains stable up to f
rad approaching unity, (3) the reduction in the stored energy is about 10% for high f
rad scenarios. Moreover, effects of wall boronisation on impurity radiation profiles are also presented.
Screening for P- and K-solubilizing, and siderophore producing capacity of rhizobacteria from Khao Dawk Mali 105 Aromatic Rice
Authors: Chinachanta K , Shutsrirung A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Low nutrient status and high salinity have been identified as significant constraints for KDML105 aromatic rice production in the TKR region, Northeastern, Thailand. The use of PGPR can provides green alternatives to synthetic fertilizer in this region. In this study, therefore, rhizobacteria were isolated from KDML105 rice and evaluated for their potential in P and K solubilization, and siderophore production. The results indicated that 52.0, 21.5, 17.9, and 21.1% of 629 tested isolates, were able to solubilize P, K-mica, K-feldspar, and produce siderophore, respectively. At 0% NaCl the highest amount of solubilized P (35.6 mg L-1), K (49.5 mg L-1), and hydroxamate-type siderophore (618.3 μg L-1), were obtained from isolates ORF4-13, ORF15-23, and CRF16-3, respectively. Under salt stress, the amount of solubilized P of almost all the isolates increased with salt concentration up to 0.5% NaCl and declined thereafter, as compared to the control. In contrast, the amount of solubilized K progressively decreased with NaCl concentration. On the average, ORF15-23 exhibited promising ability in P and K solubilization under salt stress. The promising isolates obtained in this study should be evaluated for their effects on rice nutrients uptake and growth before developing them as biofertilizer.
Characterization and identification of lactic acid bacteria from Mexican stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini)
Authors: Torres-Moreno R , Hemández-Sánchez Humberto S , Méndez-Tenorio A , Palmeros-Sánchez B , Melgar-Lalanne G 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Stingless bees (family Apidae; tribe Meliponini), native from Mexico, are essential in tropical ecosystems. They are responsible for the pollination of many crops, native flora, and honey production. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are a regular host of the bee microbiota. LAB provide beneficial effects such as decreasing bacterial and parasitic pathogens infections and enhancing beehive honey production. Four different stingless bee species were sampled in the southeast of Mexico (Veracruz State) and identified as Melipona beecheii, Scaptotrigona pectoralis, Plebeia llorentei and Plebeia jatiformis. Twelve LAB strains were isolated from the bee gastrointestinal tract and characterised by microbiologic features, carbohydrates fermentation profile, antibiogram and phylogenetic reconstructions through distance and Bayesian inference methods, selecting two genes with hypervariable regions (16S rRNA and pheS). The species were characterised as gram-positive and catalase-negative as rods and cocci. Moreover, most of the species identified were able to use diverse polysaccharides as the only carbon source. Lactobacillaceae resulted in resistance to ciprofloxacin and Leuconstaceae to cotrimoxazole. Finally, ten strains could be identified by both phylogenetic reconstructions as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (2), Weissella paramesenteroides (3), Leuconostoc citreum (2), and Apilactobacillus spp. (3). This is the first report of LAB isolated from Mexican stingless bees to the best of our knowledge.
Correlation functions as a tool to study collective behaviour phenomena in biological systems
Authors: Grigera Tomás S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Much of interesting complex biological behaviour arises from collective properties. Important information about collective behaviour lies in the time and space structure of fluctuations around average properties, and two-point correlation functions are a fundamental tool to study these fluctuations. We give a self-contained presentation of definitions and techniques for computation of correlation functions aimed at providing students and researchers outside the field of statistical physics a practical guide to calculating correlation functions from experimental and simulation data. We discuss some properties of correlations in critical systems, and the effect of finite system size, which is particularly relevant for most biological experimental systems. Finally we apply these to the case of the dynamical transition in a simple neuronal model.
Clones and Clusters of Antimicrobial-ResistantKlebsiellaFrom Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Afolayan Ayorinde O , Oaikhena Anderson O , Aboderin Aaron O , Olabisi Olatunde F , Amupitan Adewale A , Abiri Oyekola V , Ogunleye Veronica O , Odih Erkison Ewomazino , Adeyemo Abolaji T , Adeyemo Adeyemi T , Obadare Temitope O , Abrudan Monica , Argimón Silvia , David Sophia , Kekre Mihir , Underwood Anthony , Egwuenu Abiodun , Ihekweazu Chikwe , Aanensen David M , Okeke Iruka N ,   NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Genomic Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance, Abudahab Khalil , Harste Harry , Muddyman Dawn , Taylor Ben , Wheeler Nicole , Donado-Godoy Pilar , Fabian Bernal Johan , Arevalo Alejandra , Fernanda Valencia Maria , Osma Castro Erik C D , Ravikumar K L , Nagaraj Geetha , Shamanna Varun , Govindan Vandana , Prabhu Akshata , Sravani D , Shincy M R , Rose Steffimole , Ravishankar K N , Ajiboye Jolaade J , Carlos Celia , Lagrada Marietta L , Macaranas Polle Krystle V , Olorosa Agnettah M , Gayeta June M , Herrera Elmer M , Molloy Ali , Stelling John , Vegvari Carolin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundKlebsiella pneumoniae is a World Health Organization high-priority antibiotic-resistant pathogen. However, little is known about Klebsiella lineages circulating in Nigeria.MethodsWe performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 141 Klebsiella isolated between 2016 and 2018 from clinical specimens at 3 antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) sentinel surveillance tertiary hospitals in southwestern Nigeria. We conducted in silico multilocus sequence typing; AMR gene, virulence gene, plasmid, and K and O loci profiling; as well as phylogenetic analyses, using publicly available tools and Nextflow pipelines.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of the 134 K. pneumoniae and 5 K. quasipneumoniae isolates from Nigeria characterized are closely related to globally disseminated multidrug-resistant clones. Of the 39 K. pneumoniae sequence types (STs) identified, the most common were ST307 (15%), ST5241 (12%), ST15 (~9%), and ST25 (~6%). ST5241, 1 of 10 novel STs detected, is a single locus variant of ST636 carrying dfrA14, tetD, qnrS, and oqxAB resistance genes. The extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) gene blaCTX_M-15 was seen in 72% of K. pneumoniae genomes, while 8% encoded a carbapenemase. No isolate carried a combination of carbapenemase-producing genes. Four likely outbreak clusters from 1 facility, within STs 17, 25, 307, and 5241, were ESBL but not carbapenemase-bearing clones.ConclusionsThis study uncovered known and novel K. pneumoniae lineages circulating in 3 hospitals in Southwest Nigeria that include multidrug-resistant ESBL producers. Carbapenemase-producing isolates remain uncommon. WGS retrospectively identified outbreak clusters, pointing to the value of genomic approaches in AMR surveillance for improving infection prevention and control in Nigerian hospitals.
Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling Surveillance Alliance—Facilitating the Expansion of Pathology-Based Mortality Surveillance
Authors: Goco Norman J , McClure Elizabeth M , Rakislova Natalia , Bassat Quique 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling (MITS) Surveillance Alliance was created with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to expand pathology-based mortality surveillance and to support the generation of improved cause-of-death (CoD) data. MITS, also known as minimally invasive autopsy, has evolved to become an important tool to improve CoD ascertainment. Here, we describe the 18 articles included in this supplement that present advanced methods for improving MITS and related areas of research, summarize the expansion of the use of MITS, report on findings from a variety of research projects, and address the importance of postmortem approaches taken during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Support by the scientific and global health community for enhancements and innovation is needed for the broader adoption of MITS-informed CoD as a critical tool to better understand mortality in low- and middle-income countries and identify interventions for the prevention of premature death.
Chest drainage after oesophageal resection: A systematic review
Authors: Bull Alexander , Pucher Philip H , Lagergren Jesper , Gossage James A 
Published: September 2021

Summary

Background
Modern enhanced recovery protocols discourage drain use due to negative impacts on patient comfort, mobility, and recovery, and lack of proven clinical benefit. After oesophagectomy, however, drains are still routinely placed. This review aimed to assess the evidence for, and how best to use chest drains after oesophageal surgery.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed in Medline, Embase and Cochrane collaboration databases. Studies reporting outcomes for different types or uses of thoracic drainage, or outcomes related to drains after trans-thoracic oesophagectomy were included. Studies were collated into domains based on variations in number, position, type, removal criteria, diagnostic use and complications of drains. Methodological quality was assessed with Newcastle-Ottawa and Jadad scores.

Results
Among 434 potentially relevant studies, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria and these included 2564 patients. Studies that examined the number of drains showed pain reduction with a single drain compared to multiple drains (3 studies, n = 103), and transhiatal placement compared to intercostal (6 studies, n = 425). Amylase levels may aid diagnosis of anastomotic leak (9 studies, n = 888). Narrow calibre Blake drains may effectively drain both air and fluid (2 studies, n = 163). Drain removal criteria by daily drainage volumes of up to 300 mL did not impact subsequent effusion rates (2 studies, n = 130). Complications related directly to drains were reported by 3 studies (n = 59).

Conclusion
Available evidence on the impact of thoracic drainage after oesophagectomy is limited, but has the potential to negatively affect outcomes. Further research is required to determine optimum drainage strategies.
Genetic mapping of host resistance to the Pyrenophora teres f. maculata isolate 13IM8.3
Authors: Alhashel Abdullah Fahad , Sharma Poudel Roshan , Fiedler Jason , Carlson Craig H , Rasmussen Jack , Baldwin Thomas , Friesen Timothy L , Brueggeman Robert S , Yang Shengming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Spot form net blotch (SFNB), caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (Ptm), is a foliar disease of barley that results in significant yield losses in major growing regions worldwide. Understanding the host-parasite interactions between pathogen virulence/avirulence genes and the corresponding host susceptibility/resistance genes is important for the deployment of genetic resistance against SFNB. Two recombinant inbred mapping populations were developed to characterize genetic resistance/susceptibility to the Ptm isolate 13IM8.3, which was collected from Idaho (ID). An Illumina Infinium array was used to produce a genome-wide marker set. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis identified ten significant resistance/susceptibility loci, with two of the QTL being common to both populations. One of the QTL on 5H appears to be novel, while the remaining loci have been reported previously. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely linked to or delimiting the significant QTL have been converted to user-friendly markers. Loci and associated molecular markers identified in this study will be useful in genetic mapping and deployment of the genetic resistance to SFNB in barley.
Repeatability enhancement of time-lapse seismic data via a convolutional autoencoder
Authors: Jun Hyunggu , Cho Yongchae 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARY
In an ideal case, the time-lapse differences in 4-D seismic data should only reflect the changes of the subsurface geology. Practically, however, undesirable discrepancies are generated because of various reasons. Therefore, proper time-lapse processing techniques are required to improve the repeatability of time-lapse seismic data and to capture accurate seismic information to analyse target changes. In this study, we propose a machine learning-based time-lapse seismic data processing method improving repeatability. A training data construction method, training strategy and machine learning network architecture based on a convolutional autoencoder are proposed. Uniform manifold approximation and projection are applied to the training and target data to analyse the features corresponding to each data point. When the feature distribution of the training data is different from the target data, we implement data augmentation to enhance the diversity of the training data. The method is verified through numerical experiments using both synthetic and field time-lapse seismic data, and the results are analysed with several methods, including a comparison of repeatability metrics. From the results of the numerical experiments, we can conclude that the proposed convolutional autoencoder can enhance the repeatability of the time-lapse seismic data and increase the accuracy of observed variations in seismic signals generated from target changes.
The Logic of Negative Appeals: Graphic Imagery, Affective Empathy, and Foreign Development Aid
Authors: Bayram A Burcu , Holmes Marcus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of negative visual imagery of the poor to conjure feelings of pity, guilt, and empathy (also called “poverty porn”) is premised on an emotional mechanism that is supposed to elicit compassion and giving behavior, and yet the very emotional nature of the response to this kind of negative imagery can have the exact opposite effect by evoking compassion fatigue and psychological numbing. Our study interrogates this puzzle. Leveraging original data from survey experiments, we show that exposure to negative and personalized images of aid recipients in despair actually increases support for foreign development aid. In contrast, descriptive statistical information about global poverty moves people very little, or not at all. Our findings have implications for understanding the role imagery plays in shaping public opinion on foreign aid and for development communication. This study builds a bridge between research on foreign aid and humanitarian communication.
The Side Effects of Safe Asset Creation
Authors: Acharya Sushant , Dogra Keshav 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present an incomplete markets model to understand the costs and benefits of increasing government debt when an increased demand for safety pushes the natural rate of interest below zero. A higher demand for safe assets causes the zero lower bound (ZLB) to bind, increasing unemployment. Higher government debt satiates the demand for safe assets, raising the natural rate, and restoring full employment. However, this entails permanently lower investment, which reduces welfare, since our economy is dynamically efficient even when the natural rate is negative. Despite this, increasing debt until the ZLB no longer binds raises welfare when alternative instruments are unavailable. Higher inflation targets instead allow for negative real interest rates and achieve full employment without reducing investment.
Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Melasma in China (2021 Version)#
Authors: Gao Tian-Wen , Gu Hua , He Li , Lei Tie-Chi , Li Ming , Li Tie-Nan , Li Chun-Ying , Lin Tong , Mu Kuan-Hou , Tu Cai-Xia , Wen Hai , Wu Ji-Yuan , Xu Ai-E , Zhang Jun-Ling , Zhen Zhi-Zhong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The pathogenesis of melasma is believed to be related to heredity, sun exposure, sex hormones, and other factors. The mechanisms underlying the development of melasma include increased melanin synthesis, vascular proliferation within the skin lesions, inflammation, and skin barrier dysfunction. The diagnosis of melasma is mainly based on clinical manifestations and noninvasive techniques. Coupling with recent research progress in melasma, the present consensus comprehensively elaborates the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, staging, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of melasma to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic skills of Chinese dermatologists.
Universal deformations in inhomogeneous isotropic nonlinear elastic solids
Authors: Yavari Arash 
Published: September 2021

Universal (controllable) deformations of an elastic solid are those deformations that can be maintained for all possible strain-energy density functions and suitable boundary tractions. Universal deformations have played a central role in nonlinear elasticity and anelasticity. However, their classification has been mostly established for homogeneous isotropic solids following the seminal works of Ericksen. In this article, we extend Ericksen’s analysis of universal deformations to inhomogeneous compressible and incompressible isotropic solids. We show that a necessary condition for the known universal deformations of homogeneous isotropic solids to be universal for inhomogeneous solids is that inhomogeneities respect the symmetries of the deformations. Symmetries of a deformation are encoded in the symmetries of its pulled-back metric (the right Cauchy–Green strain). We show that this necessary condition is sufficient as well for all the known families of universal deformations except for Family 5.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness and breakthrough infections in maintenance dialysis patients
Authors: Manley Harold J. , Aweh Gideon N. , Hsu Caroline M. , Weiner Daniel E. , Miskulin Dana , Harford Antonia M. , Johnson Doug , Lacson Eduardo K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmong patients receiving maintenance dialysis with a national US dialysis provider, fully vaccinated dialysis patients were significantly less likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19 or be hospitalized than unvaccinated patients. Ad26.COV2.S/Janssen vaccine had significantly worse outcomes, and mRNA-1273/Moderna the best. Among the 27 patients with breakthrough COVID-19 and anti-spike IgG antibodies measured, 23/27 (85%) breakthrough COVID-19 cases occurred at titers <2 U/L (lower limit of a positive response); 14 of these patients never developing Ab titers above 2 U/L. Only 3/27 were receiving immunosuppression. The potential use of antibody titers to guide vaccinations should be explored.
Measuring Subjective Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Harmonization between the Cognitive Change Index and the Measurement of Everyday Cognition Instruments
Authors: Wells Lindsey F , Risacher Shannon L , McDonald Brenna C , Farlow Martin R , Brosch Jared , Gao Sujuan , Apostolova Liana G , Saykin Andrew J 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSelf and informant (proxy or study partner) reports of everyday cognitive functioning have been shown to be associated with incipient neurodegenerative disease. The 20-item Cognitive Change Index (CCI) and the 39-item Measurement of Everyday Cognition (ECog) were each developed to characterize early subjective changes in cognitive function.ObjectiveWe examined the relationship between CCI and ECog self and informant evaluations to determine content overlap and provide a co-calibration for converting between these widely used instruments.Methods950 participants (57.1% female, mean age=71.2yrs) from ADNI and the Indiana ADRC with self evaluations and 279 participants (60.9% female, mean age=71.8yrs) with informant evaluations (Indiana ADRC) were included. Analyzed variables for the CCI and ECog included domain mean scores, memory domain total scores, and total scores for all items. Pearson correlations, regression analyses, and frequency distributions were used to assess the relationship between CCI and ECog. Sex, years of education, race, APOE ε4 carrier status, and baseline diagnosis were also analyzed as potentially relevant covariates.ResultsCCI and ECog total scores were highly correlated for the self (r=0.790, p<0.001) and informant (r=0.860, p<0.001) versions. Frequency distributions of total scores were generated and self and informant histograms were plotted separately. Quadratic regressions for self (r2=0.682) and informant (r2=0.863) scores were used to create a translation table between the CCI and ECog total scores.ConclusionSelf and informant total scores can be harmonized and translated between the CCI and ECog to facilitate cross-study and longitudinal assessment of perceived cognitive change, an important patient-reported outcome.
Human lung tissue resident memory T cells are re-programmed but not eradicated with systemic glucocorticoids after acute cellular rejection
Authors: Snyder Mark E. , Moghbeli Kaveh , Bondonese Anna , Craig Andrew , Popescu Iulia , Fan Li , Tabib Tracy , Lafyatis Robert , Chen Kong , Trejo Bittar Humberto E. , Lendermon Elizabeth , Pilewski Joseph , Johnson Bruce , Kilaru Silpa , Zhang Yingze , Sanchez Pablo G. , Alder Jonathan K. , Sims Peter A. , McDyer John F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcute cellular rejection is common after lung transplantation and is associated with an increased risk of early chronic rejection. We present combined single cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing on recipient derived T cells obtained from the bronchoalveolar lavage of three lung transplant recipients with acute cellular rejection and compare them with T cells obtained from the same three patients after clinical treatment of rejection with high-dose, systemic glucocorticoids. At the time of acute cellular rejection, we find an oligoclonal expansion of cytotoxic CD8+T cells, that all persist as tissue resident memory T cells following successful treatment. Persisting CD8+allograft-resident T cells have reduced gene expression for cytotoxic mediators following therapy with glucocorticoids. This clonal expansion is discordant with circulating T cell clonal expansion at the time of rejection, suggesting in-situ expansion. These findings pose a potential biological mechanism linking acute cellular rejection to chronic allograft damage.