bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the decision to rehabilitate the posterior maxilla following surgical closure of oroantral communications/fistulae – A cohort study
Authors: Ben‐Zvi Yehonatan , Rosenfeld Eli , Masri Daya , Avishai Gal , Kahn Adrian , Chaushu Liat 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSearch of the English literature yielded no studies assessing the chosen dental treatment following surgical closure of oroantral communication/oroantral fistula (OAC/OAF). The purpose of the present study was to assess factors affecting the decision to rehabilitate the posterior maxilla following surgical closure of OAC/OAF.MethodsConsecutive patients at a single center. A structured form served to collect the data. The differences between groups (cases with versus cases without restoration) were assessed statistically.ResultsA total of 58/121 responding individuals (62.1% men). Average age 51.57 years. Average waiting time prior to restoration 10.34 months. Most (51.7%) healthy. Most had a dental etiology (60.3%). Thirty‐nine (67.2%) patients had a restoration of the posterior maxilla. Most of the patients responded that the reason not to do any restoration is the fear of failure (65.5%). Most of the patients completed the restoration procedure in a private clinic (87.2%). Only one patient (2.6%) reported a complication. Approximately half of the patients had implant supported prosthesis (ISP) following sinus augmentation (48.3%) with delayed implant placement. Most of the patients responded that the reason not to have ISP was the fear of failure (72.7%), and the rest responded because of financial issues (27.3%). For tooth supported restoration, most of the patients responded removable (90.9%).ConclusionsSurgeons generally wait 6‐12 months following surgical treatment of OAC/OAF prior to reconstruction with ISP. The chance for complications is low. Healthy women after dental induced OAC/OAF have the highest chances to seek for ISP in such circumstances.
Effect of thermal treatment on aroma compound formation in yeast fermented pork hydrolysate supplemented with xylose and cysteine
Authors: Li Xinzhi , Liu Shao‐Quan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study has revealed an innovative method of coupling enzyme hydrolysis, yeast fermentation and thermal treatment to transform pork trimmings into a seasoning product. The pork trimmings were first enzymatically hydrolysed and fermented into liquid pork hydrolysates, followed by adding xylose and cysteine, then heat treatment.RESULTSApproximately 28% of xylose and 7% of glucose were consumed, and amino acids increased by around 31% after thermal treatment. The heated yeast fermented pork hydrolysates possessed a characteristic ‘savoury, roasted‐meat and fruity sweet’ aroma as a result of the formation of thermally induced sulfur‐containing volatiles such as 2‐furfurylthiol, as well as retention of yeast generated esters including isoamyl acetate and hexyl acetate.CONCLUSIONThe heat‐treated fermented pork hydrolysates impart an attractive and innovative aroma because of yeast fermentation and heat treatment. The innovative heated fermented pork hydrolysates could be further processed into a nutritional and savoury pork broth and/or a meat sauce. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Anisotropic Temporal Metasurfaces for Tunable Ultrafast Photoactive Switching Dynamics
Authors: Hu Yuze , Hao Hao , Zhang Jun , Tong Mingyu , Cheng Xiangai , Jiang Tian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent progress in miniaturized photonic devices has promoted the development of metasurfaces for multidimensional manipulation of optical light fields. One significant example is the polarization multiplexing metadevice, which has earned considerable attention because of its low crosstalk and tremendous polarization‐controlled functionalities for numerous applications, such as wavefront steering, holography, and display. Here, a novel metasurface platform is demonstrated for photoactive terahertz switching by encoding the temporal modulation dynamic into the polarization channels. Coupled plasmonic resonators with four‐fold symmetry are utilized to exhibit an isotropic plasmon‐induced transparency analog resonance. Unlike typical optically tunable metamaterials that are limited to a single switching speed, this temporal modulation is multiplexed into two sets of polarization profiles. Specifically, the switching dynamic can be alternated between a quasi‐steady state with a recovery time larger than 2 ns and an ultrafast transient state with a recovery time of <25 ps in the orthogonal polarization channels. This extraordinary performance is attributed to the high contrast in crystallinity between two photoactive islands embedded in one‐unit cell. The long‐standing bottleneck of invariant switching dynamics in all‐optical metadevices is addressed, which provides a new paradigm for the design of future switchable metamaterial devices.
Room Temperature Synthesis of Stable Zirconia‐Coated CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals for White Light‐Emitting Diodes and Visible Light Communication
Authors: Mo Qionghua , Chen Chen , Cai Wensi , Zhao Shuangyi , Yan Dongdong , Zang Zhigang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) prepared by the hot‐injection method can exceed 90%, which have attracted intensive attention for white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). However, the whole hot‐injection experiment requires air isolation and relatively high temperature. In addition, the poor stability of CsPbBr3 NCs impedes their applications. Here, a facile method is reported to synthesize CsPbBr3@ZrO2 NCs at room temperature in air. Owing to using ZrO2 coated CsPbBr3 NCs, the prepared CsPbBr3@ZrO2 NCs not only present a PLQY of 80% but also exhibit an enhanced stability to heat and moisture. Furthermore, WLEDs are fabricated with CsPbBr3@ZrO2 NCs and commercial red phosphors (CaAlSiN3:Eu2+) on blue LEDs chips. The fabricated WLEDs exhibit a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4743 K and luminous efficacy as high as 64.0 Lm W–1. In addition, visible light communication with a high data rate of 33.5 Mbps is achieved using the WLEDs. This work provides a room temperature strategy to coat zirconia for CsPbBr3@ZrO2 NCs, benefiting to enhance the optical performance and stability, as well as the promotion of the great potentials in solid‐state illuminating and visible light communication applications.
Calibration‐free pTx of the human heart at 7T via 3D universal pulses
Authors: Aigner Christoph Stefan , Dietrich Sebastian , Schaeffter Tobias , Schmitter Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

PurposeMRI at ultra‐high fields in the human body is highly challenging and requires lengthy calibration times to compensate for spatially heterogeneous profiles. This study investigates the feasibility of using pre‐computed universal pulses for calibration‐free homogeneous 3D flip angle distribution in the human heart at 7T.MethodsTwenty‐two channel‐wise 3D data sets were acquired under free‐breathing in 19 subjects to generate a library for an offline universal pulse (UP) design (group 1: 12 males [M] and 7 females [F], 21‐66 years, 19.8‐28.3 kg/m2). Three of these subjects (2M/1F, 21‐33 years, 20.8‐23.6 kg/m2) were re‐scanned on different days. A 4kT‐points UP optimized for the 22 channel‐wise 3D data sets in group 1 (UP22‐4kT) is proposed and applied at 7T in 9 new and unseen subjects (group 2: 4M/5F, 25‐56 years, 19.5‐35.3 kg/m2). Multiple tailored and universal static and dynamic parallel‐transmit (pTx) pulses were designed and evaluated for different permutations of the data sets in group 1 and 2.ResultsThe proposed UP22‐4kT provides low variation in all subjects, seen and unseen, without severe signal drops. Experimental data at 7T acquired with UP22‐4kT shows comparable image quality as data acquired with tailored‐4kT pulses and demonstrates successful calibration‐free pTx of the human heart.ConclusionUP22‐4kT allows for calibration‐free homogeneous flip angle distributions across the human heart at 7T. Large inter‐subject variations because of sex, age, and body mass index are well tolerated. The proposed universal pulse removes the need for lengthy (10‐15 min) calibration scans and therefore has the potential to bring body imaging at 7T closer to the clinical application.
Mono‐planar T‐Hex: Speed and flexibility for high‐resolution 3D imaging
Authors: Engel Maria , Kasper Lars , Wilm Bertram , Dietrich Benjamin , Patzig Franz , Vionnet Laetitia , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe aim of this work is the reconciliation of high spatial and temporal resolution for MRI. For this purpose, a novel sampling strategy for 3D encoding is proposed, which provides flexible k‐space segmentation along with uniform sampling density and benign filtering effects related to signal decay.MethodsFor time‐critical MRI applications such as functional MRI (fMRI), 3D k‐space is usually sampled by stacking together 2D trajectories such as echo planar imaging (EPI) or spiral readouts, where each shot covers one k‐space plane. For very high temporal and medium to low spatial resolution, tilted hexagonal sampling (T‐Hex) was recently proposed, which allows the acquisition of a larger k‐space volume per excitation than can be covered with a planar readout. Here, T‐Hex is described in a modified version where it instead acquires a smaller k‐space volume per shot for use with medium temporal and high spatial resolution.ResultsMono‐planar T‐Hex sampling provides flexibility in the choice of speed, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and contrast for rapid MRI acquisitions. For use with a conventional gradient system, it offers the greatest benefit in a regime of high in‐plane resolution <1 mm. The sampling scheme is combined with spirals for high sampling speed as well as with more conventional EPI trajectories.ConclusionMono‐planar T‐Hex sampling combines fast 3D encoding with SNR efficiency and favorable depiction characteristics regarding noise amplification and filtering effects from decay, thereby providing flexibility in the choice of imaging parameters. It is attractive both for high‐resolution time series such as fMRI and for applications that require rapid anatomical imaging.
The investigation of the stress cracking behavior of PBT by acoustic emission
Authors: Braz Cristiano J. F. , da Silva Jéssica R. M. , Wellen Renate M. R. , Rabello Marcelo S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite being a major cause of failure of polymer products under service, environmental stress cracking (ESC) is still a phenomenon poorly investigated and, as consequence, not fully understood. This article aims to contribute to this field in a study of the stress cracking behavior of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) exposed to ethanol (a common fluid, used in several daily situations), by means of two types of mechanical tests (tensile and stress relaxation). During mechanical testing the technique of acoustic emission (AE) was applied to identify certain mechanisms of internal failure. As a non‐destructive technique, AE is widely used with metals to monitor the integrity of components but it is very scarcely applied to polymers. The article, therefore, innovates by using AE as a tool to better understand the ESC behavior of an engineering polymer produced under different conditions. The PBT samples were prepared by injection molding, using different mold temperatures (20°C, 40°C, and 80°C), resulting in different crystallinities. The results showed that the tensile properties were highly dependent on the crosshead speed and that ethanol affected the mechanical performance of the materials, anticipating the necking, but its evaporation during the experiment reduced the actual temperature on the sample bar. This latter effect caused an unexpected behavior, with an increase in tensile strength and reduction of stress relaxation rate, the opposite trends that would be expected from a stress cracking agent. The crystallinity of PBT had some influence on the results, with the more crystalline samples being more resistant to ESC, as observed by both stress relaxation and AE analyses. The technique of AE showed to be a very useful tool to understand the mechanical behavior and to differentiate the various testing conditions, with the detection and quantification of hits and released energy, related to the several stages of deformation and failure, including the formation of shear bands, nucleation and growth of crazes and cracks, and so forth. The fracture surface analyses by scanning electron microscopy were very consistent with the AE experiments, in which rough topography were related to high acoustic activities.
Pulmonary dose tolerance in hemithorax radiotherapy for Ewing sarcoma of the chest wall: Are we overestimating the risk of radiation pneumonitis?
Authors: Parekh Akash D. , Indelicato Daniel J. , Hoppe Bradford S. , Vega Raymond B. Mailhot , Rotondo Ronny L. , Bradley Julie A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren with chest wall Ewing sarcoma with malignant pulmonary effusion or pleural stranding require hemithorax radiation, often with plans that exceed lung constraints. We investigated disease control and pneumonitis in children requiring hemithorax radiation.ProcedureEleven children (median age 13 years) received hemithorax radiotherapy. Symptomatic radiation pneumonitis was considered National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 1+ with respiratory symptoms. Mean lung dose (MLD), volume of lung exposed to a dose ≥5 Gy (V5), ≥20 Gy (V20), and ≥35 Gy (V35) were recorded. Adult and pediatric lung constraints were obtained from Quantitative Analysis of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (QUANTEC) guidelines and Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocols, respectively.ResultsMedian hemithorax dose was 15 Gy (1.5 Gy/fraction). Median total dose was 51 Gy (1.8 Gy/fraction). Most plans delivered both protons and photons. The ipsilateral MLD, V5, and V20 were 27.2 Gy, 100%, and 48.3%; the bilateral MLD, V20, and V35 were 14.1 Gy, 22.8%, and 14.3%, respectively. One hundred percent, 36%, and 91% of treatments exceeded recommended adult ipsilateral lung constraints of V5 <65%, V20 <52%, and MLD of 22 Gy; 64%, 45%, and 82% exceeded COG bilateral lung constraints of V20 <20%, MLD <15 Gy, and MLD <12 Gy, respectively; 82% of treatments exceeded the COG ipsilateral lung constraint of V20 <30%. At a median 36 months (range 12–129), the symptomatic radiation pneumonitis incidence was 0%. Two patients progressed with nonpulmonary metastatic disease and died at a median 12 months following radiotherapy.ConclusionsExisting guidelines may overestimate pneumonitis risk, even among young children receiving multiagent chemotherapy. For children with chest wall Ewing sarcoma and other thoracic malignancies, more data are needed to refine pediatric dose–effect models for pulmonary toxicity.
Outcomes of surgery for epiblepharon accompanied with lower eyelid retraction secondary to buphthalmos in children
Authors: Cao Wenhong , Wang Yuan , Li Li , Fan Yunwei , Liu Wen , Li Cheng , Liang Tianwei , Zhang Junyan , Wu Qian 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTImportanceIn cases of epiblepharon with lower eyelid retraction secondary to glaucoma, correcting epiblepharon alone is ineffective. Combined surgery should be performed to obtain satisfactory outcomes.ObjectiveTo investigate outcomes after surgery to correct epiblepharon with lower eyelid retraction secondary to buphthalmos in children.MethodsA retrospective analysis of six eyes in four patients was performed included lower lid retractor recession combined with marginal rotation with tarsal fixation. The margin reflex distance‐2, lagophthalmus, resolution of clinical symptoms, and complications were assessed during 6 to 12 months of follow‐up.ResultsIn all cases, epiblepharon and lagophthalmus were corrected, symptoms of photophobia and epiphora were relieved, and the corneal epithelium was repaired. The margin reflex distance‐2 decreased and remained normal during the follow‐up period, but slightly regressed within 6 months postoperatively.InterpretationEpiblepharon caused by buphthalmos in children is often associated with lower eyelid retraction. Lower lid retractor recession combined with marginal rotation with tarsal fixation fundamentally solves the problems of high eyelid tension, lower eyelid retraction, and epiblepharon and reduces the recurrence rate.
Multiple imputation for handling missing outcome data in randomized trials involving a mixture of independent and paired data
Authors: Sullivan Thomas R. , Yelland Lisa N. , Moreno‐Betancur Margarita , Lee Katherine J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRandomized trials involving independent and paired observations occur in many areas of health research, for example in paediatrics, where studies can include infants from both single and twin births. Multiple imputation (MI) is often used to address missing outcome data in randomized trials, yet its performance in trials with independent and paired observations, where design effects can be less than or greater than one, remains to be explored. Using simulated data and through application to a trial dataset, we investigated the performance of different methods of MI for a continuous or binary outcome when followed by analysis using generalized estimating equations to account for clustering due to the pairs. We found that imputing data separately for independent and paired data, with paired data imputed in wide format, was the best performing MI method, producing unbiased point and standard error estimates for the treatment effect throughout. Ignoring clustering in the imputation model performed well in settings where the design effect due to the inclusion of paired data was close to one, but otherwise led to moderately biased variance estimates. Including a random cluster effect in the imputation model led to slightly biased point estimates for binary outcome data and variance estimates that were too small in some settings. Based on these results, we recommend researchers impute independent and paired data separately where feasible to do so. The exception is if the design effect due to the inclusion of paired data is close to one, where ignoring clustering may be appropriate.
Thermoelectric Performance Enhancement of Film by Pulse Electric Field and Multi‐Nanocomposite Strategy
Authors: Liu Shiying , Li Guojian , Lan Mingdi , Baba Tetsuya , Baba Takahiro , Mori Takao , Wang Qiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThermoelectric (TE) film has wide potential application in low‐grade waste heat recovery and TE generation due to its quick response and multifunctional integration. Multi‐nanocomposite is a promising method to solve the difficulty of maintaining temperature difference and achieving a high figure of merit ZT. However, the depletion layer induced by the multi‐nanocomposite typically degrades performance. This study presents a simple and convenient method to solve this problem by pulse electric field (PEF). Prototypical TE Bi2Te3 is selected as the objective film. The strong current density effect of PEF removes the depletion layer among carbon nanotubes (CNT) and Bi2Te3 grains. Thus, the CNT nanocomposite with PEF treatment breaks the trade‐off between electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, achieving a power factor of 4400 µW m−1 K−2 which stabilizes after annealing effect to 2920 µW m−1 K−2, a record for Bi2Te3 films. Simultaneously, the self‐assembled porosity decreases thermal conductivity via phonon scattering while still maintaining a high electrical conductivity of 3130 S cm−1. Thus, the porosity helps maintain the temperature difference and thereby enables a sharp increase in output power. These results indicate that the combination of PEF and multi‐nanocomposite is a new method to enhance TE performance, which would have a potential application in the commercial field.
Recent Progress of Nanostructured Sensing Materials from 0D to 3D: Overview of Structure–Property‐Application Relationship for Gas Sensors
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Zhang Tong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlong with the progress of nanoscience and nanotechnology, nanomaterials with attractive structural and functional properties have gained more attention than ever before, especially in the field of electronic sensors. In recent years, the gas sensing devices have made great achievement and also created wide application prospects, which leads to a new wave of research for designing advanced sensing materials. There is no doubt that the characteristics are highly governed by the sensitive layers. For this reason, important advances for the outstanding, novel sensing materials with different dimensional structures including 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D are reported and summarized systematically. The sensing materials cover noble metals, metal oxide semiconductors, carbon nanomaterials, metal dichalcogenides, g‐C3N4, MXenes, and complex composites. Discussion is also extended to the relation between sensing performances and their structure, electronic properties, and surface chemistry. In addition, some gas sensing related applications are also highlighted, including environment monitoring, breath analysis, food quality and safety, and flexible wearable electronics, from current situation and the facing challenges to the future research perspectives.
A model reduction approach for inverse problems with operator valued data
Authors: Dölz Jürgen , Egger Herbert , Schlottbom Matthias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe study the efficient numerical solution of linear inverse problems with operator valued data which arise, e.g., in seismic exploration, inverse scattering, or tomographic imaging. The high-dimensionality of the data space implies extremely high computational cost already for the evaluation of the forward operator which makes a numerical solution of the inverse problem, e.g., by iterative regularization methods, practically infeasible. To overcome this obstacle, we take advantage of the underlying tensor product structure of the problem and propose a strategy for constructing low-dimensional certified reduced order models of quasi-optimal rank for the forward operator which can be computed much more efficiently than the truncated singular value decomposition. A complete analysis of the proposed model reduction approach is given in a functional analytic setting and the efficient numerical construction of the reduced order models as well as of their application for the numerical solution of the inverse problem is discussed. In summary, the setup of a low-rank approximation can be achieved in an offline stage at essentially the same cost as a single evaluation of the forward operator, while the actual solution of the inverse problem in the online phase can be done with extremely high efficiency. The theoretical results are illustrated by application to a typical model problem in fluorescence optical tomography.