bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyze COVID-19 CT images based on evolutionary algorithm with dynamic searching space
Authors: Gong Yunhong , Sun Yanan , Peng Dezhong , Chen Peng , Yan Zhongtai , Yang Ke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global alarm. With the advances in artificial intelligence, the COVID-19 testing capabilities have been greatly expanded, and hospital resources are significantly alleviated. Over the past years, computer vision researches have focused on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which can significantly improve image analysis ability. However, CNN architectures are usually manually designed with rich expertise that is scarce in practice. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) can automatically search for the proper CNN architectures and voluntarily optimize the related hyperparameters. The networks searched by EAs can be used to effectively process COVID-19 computed tomography images without expert knowledge and manual setup. In this paper, we propose a novel EA-based algorithm with a dynamic searching space to design the optimal CNN architectures for diagnosing COVID-19 before the pathogenic test. The experiments are performed on the COVID-CT data set against a series of state-of-the-art CNN models. The experiments demonstrate that the architecture searched by the proposed EA-based algorithm achieves the best performance yet without any preprocessing operations. Furthermore, we found through experimentation that the intensive use of batch normalization may deteriorate the performance. This contrasts with the common sense approach of manually designing CNN architectures and will help the related experts in handcrafting CNN models to achieve the best performance without any preprocessing operations
Reconstructing a minimal topological dynamical system from a set of return times
Authors: BULINSKI KAMIL , FISH ALEXANDER 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe investigate to what extent a minimal topological dynamical system is uniquely determined by a set of return times to some open set. We show that in many situations, this is indeed the case as long as the closure of this open set has no non-trivial translational symmetries. For instance, we show that under this assumption, two Kronecker systems with the same set of return times must be isomorphic. More generally, we show that if a minimal dynamical system has a set of return times that coincides with a set of return times to some open set in a Kronecker system with translationarily asymmetric closure, then that Kronecker system must be a factor. We also study similar problems involving nilsystems and polynomial return times. We state a number of questions on whether these results extend to other homogeneous spaces and transitive group actions, some of which are already interesting for finite groups.
Increased rates of secondary bacterial infections, including Enterococcus bacteremia, in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: DeVoe Catherine , Segal Mark R. , Wang Lusha , Stanley Kim , Madera Sharline , Fan Joe , Schouest Jonathan , Graham-Ojo Renee , Nichols Amy , Prasad Priya A. , Ghale Rajani , Love Christina , Abe-Jones Yumiko , Kangelaris Kirsten N. , Patterson Sarah L. , Yokoe Deborah S. , Langelier Charles R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:We compared the rates of hospital-onset secondary bacterial infections in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with rates in patients with influenza and controls, and we investigated reports of increased incidence of Enterococcus infections in patients with COVID-19.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:An academic quaternary-care hospital in San Francisco, California.Patients:Patients admitted between October 1, 2019, and October 1, 2020, with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR (N = 314) or influenza PCR (N = 82) within 2 weeks of admission were compared with inpatients without positive SARS-CoV-2 or influenza tests during the study period (N = 14,332).Methods:National Healthcare Safety Network definitions were used to identify infection-related ventilator-associated complications (IVACs), probable ventilator-associated pneumonia (PVAP), bloodstream infections (BSIs), and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). A multiple logistic regression model was used to control for likely confounders.Results:COVID-19 patients had significantly higher rates of IVAC and PVAP compared to controls, with adjusted odds ratios of 4.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7–13.9) and 10.4 (95 % CI, 2.1–52.1), respectively. COVID-19 patients had higher incidence of BSI due to Enterococcus but not BSI generally, and whole-genome sequencing of Enterococcus isolates demonstrated that nosocomial transmission did not explain the increased rate. Subanalyses of patients admitted to the intensive care unit and patients who required mechanical ventilation revealed similar findings.Conclusions:COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of IVAC, PVAP, and Enterococcus BSI compared with hospitalized controls, which is not fully explained by factors such as immunosuppressive treatments and duration of mechanical ventilation. The mechanism underlying increased rates of Enterococcus BSI in COVID-19 patients requires further investigation.
Numerical analysis of a 3-D printed porous trailing edge for broadband noise reduction
Authors: Teruna C. , Avallone F. , Ragni D. , Rubio-Carpio A. , Casalino D. 
Published: September 2021

Lattice Boltzmann simulations were carried out to investigate the noise mitigation mechanisms of a 3-D printed porous trailing-edge insert, elucidating the link between noise reduction and material permeability. The porous insert is based on a unit cell resembling a lattice of diamond atoms. It replaces the last 20 % chord of a NACA 0018 at zero angle-of-attack. A partially blocked insert is considered by adding a solid partition between 84 % and 96 % of the aerofoil chord. The regular porous insert achieves a substantial noise reduction at low frequencies, although a slight noise increase is found at high frequencies. The partially blocked porous insert exhibits a lower noise reduction level, but the noise emission at mid-to-high frequency is slightly affected. The segment of the porous insert near the tip plays a dominant role in promoting noise mitigation, whereas the solid-porous junction contributes, in addition to the rough surface, towards the high-frequency excess noise. The current study demonstrates the existence of an entrance length associated with the porous material geometry, which is linked to the pressure release process that is responsible for promoting noise mitigation. This process is characterised by the aerodynamic interaction between pressure fluctuations across the porous medium, which is found at locations where the porous insert thickness is less than twice the entrance length. Present results also suggest that the noise attenuation level is related to both the chordwise extent of the porous insert and the streamwise turbulent length scale. The porous inserts also cause a slight drag increase compared to their solid counterpart.
The Miocene fossil lizards from Kutch (Gujarat), India: a rare window to the past diversity of this subcontinent
Authors: Čerňanský Andrej , Singh Ningthoujam Premjit , Patnaik Rajeev , Sharma K. Milankumar , Tiwari Raghavendra Prasad , Sehgal Ramesh Kumar , Singh Nongmaithem Amardas , Choudhary Deepak 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Miocene beds of Kutch in India are well known for their mammalian assemblages, including the extinct apeSivapithecus, but far less is known about the fossil squamates from this area. Although India with its over 800 reptile species is recognized as one of the global biodiversity hotspots, knowledge of past diversity and paleobiogeography of squamates on this subcontinent is very limited. We here report on new lizard finds, which have been recovered from two stratigraphic levels: the older Palasava locality (dated to the middle Miocene, ca. 14 Ma) and the younger Tapar site (late Miocene, ca. 11–10 Ma). Although fragmentarily preserved, the material described here sheds important light on the composition and paleobiogeography of squamates during the Miocene in South Asia. The older Palasava locality contains cf.Uromastyxs.l. andVaranussp., the latter representing the oldest record of this taxon in the region of India south of the Himalayas and its occurrence here suggests a mean annual temperature not less than 15°C. The material from the younger Tapar locality consists of an unidentified acrodontan lizard, here questionably placed in agamids, and a skink. The latter shows a resemblance to mabuyines, however, the fragmentary nature of the material does not allow a precise allocation without doubts. The cosmopolitan mabuyines have been suggested to have their origin in Asia, so the potential presence of mabuyines in the Tapar locality might represent the first, but putative, Asian evidence of the occurrence of this group in the Miocene.
A Transparadox Process of Decision Making
Authors: Pang Dalong , Liu Leigh Anne , Chen Ming-Jer 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTDecision makers inevitably face a variety of tensions when managing strategic change. Research from organization and strategy perspectives, such as paradox and organizational learning, has offered useful but limited insight into the systematic mindset and thinking processes involved in decision making. We draw on theoretical and philosophical foundations of the transparadox perspective and related theories to build a dynamic process cycle of transparadoxical decision making. Three interrelated dimensions make up our model: (1) Transparadox Information Navigation, which includes embracing oppositional tendencies, syncretic focus, and creative transcendence; (2) Transparadox Contextual Consideration, characterized by prudent precision and recognizing the flux of temporality and spatiality; and (3) Transparadox Integration, which comprises design-type integration and exploration-type integration. We then present propositions on the interdependent and reinforcing mechanism among the three dimensions. Our work expands the paradox literature with specific mindset dimensions and constituent elements, connecting paradox research with the cognitive perspective by adding dynamic, cyclical processes to paradox cognition study.
Complex optical/UV and X-ray variability in Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509
Authors: Kumari Neeraj , Pal Main , Naik Sachindra , Jana Arghajit , Jaisawal Gaurava K. , Kushwaha Pankaj 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe performed a detailed spectral and timing analysis of a Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509 using data from theNeil Gehrels Swiftobservatory that spanned over$\sim$13 years between 2006 and 2019. To study the variability properties from the optical/UV to X-ray emission, we used a total of 275 pointed observations in this work. The average spectrum over the entire duration exhibits a strong soft X-ray excess above the power law continuum. The soft X-ray excess is well described by two thermal components with temperatures of kT$_{\rm BB1}\sim$120 eV and kT$_{\rm BB2}\sim$460 eV. The warm thermal component is likely due to the presence of an optically thick and warm Comptonizing plasma in the inner accretion disk. The fractional variability amplitude is found to be decreasing with increasing wavelength, i.e., from the soft X-ray to UV/optical emission. However, the hard X-ray (2–8 keV) emission shows very low variability. The strength of the correlation within the UV and the optical bands (0.95–0.99) is found to be stronger than the correlation between the UV/optical and X-ray bands (0.40–0.53). These results clearly suggest that the emitting regions of the X-ray and UV/optical emission are likely distinct or partly interacting. Having removed the slow variations in the light curves, we find that the lag spectrum is well described by the 4/3 rule for the standard Shakura–Sunyaev accretion disk when we omit X-ray lags. All these results suggest that the real disk is complex, and the UV emission is likely reprocessed in the accretion disk to give X-ray and optical emission.
Ovigeny strategy of the parasitic wasp Cosmocomoidea annulicornis (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae): effect of female age, feeding and host availability on reproductive traits
Authors: Manzano Carolina , Virla Eduardo G. , Coll Araoz Maria V. , Luft-Albarracin Erica 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe reproductive traits of the mymarid wasp Cosmocomoidea annulicornis (Ogloblin) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) attacking eggs of the sharpshooter Tapajosa rubromarginata (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Bioassays were carried out to estimate the realized fecundity and egg load of females. The ovigeny index was calculated and different biological traits, such as body size, oöcyte length, gaster length and wing length, were analysed to assess significant associations between these traits and the species fitness. In addition, the effect of host availability and feeding on longevity and potential fecundity throughout life and the effect of female age on egg maturation dynamics were assessed. The results showed that C. annulicornis is a strongly synovigenic species. A positive correlation was found between fecundity and longevity of the females and between body size and oöcyte length. Contrary to expected, body size was not related to fecundity and longevity. Females lived significantly longer in the presence of hosts and honey than when they were host-deprived and honey-fed or both host and honey deprived. Host availability had a significant effect on the amount of eggs laid by C. annulicornis females. Female age was negatively associated with oöcyte length. Furthermore, females were able to mature additional eggs as they aged, nevertheless, when host-deprived, senescent females presented significantly less mature eggs than younger ones, suggesting a possible egg oosorption. These results might contribute to a better understanding of the reproductive potential of this species as a biocontrol agent.
Staple Products, Linkages, and Development: Evidence from Argentina
Authors: Droller Federico , Fiszbein Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe investigate how historical patterns of primary production influenced development across local economies in Argentina. Our identification strategy exploits exogenous variation in the composition of primary production induced by climatic features. We find that locations specializing in ranching had weaker linkages with other activities, higher concentration in land ownership, lower population density, and less immigration than cereal-producing areas. Over time, ranching localities continued to exhibit lower population density, and they experienced relatively sluggish industrialization. Ultimately, ranching specialization had large negative effects on long-run levels of income per capita and human capital.
First rDNA sequence data forHaplosplanchnus pachysomus(Digenea: Haplosplanchnidae) exMugil cephalusfrom the Black Sea, and molecular evidence for cryptic species withinHaplosplanchnus pachysomus(Digenea: Haplosplanchnidae) in Palaearctic and Indo-West Pacific regions
Authors: Atopkin D.M. , Pronkina N.V. , Belousova Yu.V. , Plaksina M.P. , Vodiasova E.A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdult trematodes, morphologically similar toHaplosplanchnus pachysomus(Eysenhardt, 1829), were extracted from the intestine ofMugil cephalusLinnaeus, 1758, collected in the Black Sea basin. Morphological, morphometric and 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) partial sequence data were obtained for these trematodes following comparative analysis with previous data on this species. Worms from this study were morphologically identical to all previously reportedH.pachysomusspecimens from different locations. The results of the morphometric analysis indicated general similarity betweenH.pachysomusfrom the Black Sea and trematodes from Vietnam and Australia. Trematodes from the Black Sea and specimens from Spain were identical based on 28S rDNA partial sequences; however, these sequences differed from that ofH.pachysomusfrom Vietnam and Australia by eight fixed substitutions. Overall, our results indicate thatH.pachysomusfrom Spain and the Black Sea and from Vietnam and Australia can presently be considered as two cryptic species, one in Palaearctic and one in Indo-West Pacific regions. Our results provide a molecular base for includingHaplosplanchnus puriiin the genusProvitellotremaor to considerH.purii,P.crenimugilisandH.pachysomuswithin the same genus.
Spicing Wine at theSymposion:Fact or Fiction? Some Critical Thoughts on Material Aspects of Commensality in the Early Iron Age and Archaic Mediterranean World
Authors: Villing Alexandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInterpretations of metal graters and pottery tripod bowls asLeitfossilsof a trans-Mediterranean ‘orientalizing’ culture of spiced-wine consumption have of late become a staple of scholarship on sympotic banqueting, shaping our perception of ancient wine-drinking and its role in cross-cultural interaction in the first half of the first millennium BC. Yet a closer look at the evidence for spiced wine and the use of graters casts serious doubt on assumptions of a widespread practice of adding ‘spices’ to wine during the Greeksymposionand of the use of graters or tripod grinding bowls for such a purpose in the Mediterranean and Near Eastern world. A more plausible scenario, it is argued, arises from the well-attested association of graters with cheese and other primarily culinary commodities. It sees the grater’s prime function and symbolic significance shift from a use in Early Iron Age ‘Homeric’ hospitality to becoming a tool in the increasingly complex cuisines associated with the Archaic and Classical banquet – an indicator of evolving Mediterranean commensality with no less of an international horizon, but a commensality that involved interaction and shared consumption beyond the narrowly sympotic.
Adaptive-observer-based robust control for a time-delayed teleoperation system with scaled four-channel architecture
Authors: Chan Linping , Huang Qingqing , Wang Ping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article presents an innovative adaptive-observer-based scaled four-channel (4-CH) control approach applying damping injection for nonlinear teleoperation systems, which unify the study of robotic dynamic uncertainties, operator/environment force acquirements and asymmetric time-varying delays in the same framework. First, a scaled 4-CH scheme with damping injection is developed to handle time-varying delay while guaranteeing the passivity of communication channels. Then, the improved extended active observer (IEAOB) is deployed to derive the operator/environment force while addressing the issues of measurement noise and model uncertainties. Furthermore, the system stability is analyzed by choosing Lyapunov functional. Finally, the proposed method is validated through simulation.
Effect of a Supervised Stretching Program on Neck, Shoulder, and Trunk Range of Motion in Older Women
Authors: Webber Sandra C. , Porter Michelle M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUpper body and neck range of motion (ROM) are important for safe walking and driving. The purpose of this study was to determine whether stretching would improve neck, trunk, and shoulder ROM. Forty-eight community-dwelling women (75 ± 3 years of age) were randomly allocated to intervention (upper body stretching, n = 15) and control conditions (lower body power training, n = 33). All participants exercised in supervised 45-minute sessions twice weekly for 12 weeks. Testing of upper body ROM included a cervical ROM, device-based measurement and field tests of the neck, trunk, and shoulder ranges. Shoulder ROM was the only movement that improved in the intervention group beyond levels seen in control participants (33% increase, p < 0.01). Neck and trunk ROM did not change in response to a specific stretching program. Older adults with ROM limitations may need to explore other exercise options or focus on compensatory strategies for safe community mobility.
The Rise of the Anti-Abortion Movement in North Dakota and the Defeat of the 1972 Initiative to Liberalize State Abortion Laws
Authors: BAUROTH NICHOLAS 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe 1972 abortion-initiative campaign in North Dakota provides an example where elites on one side of an issue were able to provide cues and get supporters to participate in an election while the other side was unable to do so. North Dakota Right to Life through the formation of branch chapters and its work with the Catholic churches became the focus of the anti-initiative campaign. Flush with resources, the NDRL made sure that its supporters turned out to such an extent that initiative voters outnumbered presidential voters in most counties. While the pro-initiative elements proved effective at getting the question on the ballot, they were unable to get their message out, let alone galvanize supporters. The result was confusion among potential supports and lower turnout rates in the most populous counties.
Community-based culinary and nutrition education intervention promotes fruit and vegetable consumption
Authors: Metcalfe Jessica Jarick , Prescott Melissa Pflugh , Schumacher Melissa , Kownacki Caitlin , McCaffrey Jennifer 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Market to MyPlate (M2MP) program on fruit and vegetable consumption and cooking behaviours. Secondary objectives were to examine factors that affected participant retention and program completion, and analyse program feedback provided by participants.Design:This study conducted a mixed methods evaluation embedded within a cluster randomised controlled trial of the M2MP intervention. Adult participants completed a pre- and post-program survey reporting on their fruit and vegetable consumption and cooking behaviours. A subsample participated in structured interviews, providing feedback about M2MP and the impact of the program.Setting:Seven weekly classes took place in community centres and extension offices in central Illinois.Participants:120 adults and their families participated. Class cohorts were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) nutrition education and cooking classes with produce allocations (PAE,n39); (2) nutrition education and cooking classes only (EO,n36) or (3) control group (n45).Results:Compared to control, PAE participants reported larger increases from pre- to post-intervention in fruit (P= 0·001) and vegetable consumption (P= 0·002), with no differences in cooking frequency. Interview analyses identified key themes in behaviour changes due to M2MP, including reported increases in dietary variety, cooking self-efficacy and children’s participation in cooking.Conclusions:PAE participants who received an intervention that directly increased their access to fresh produce (via produce allocations) increased their reported fruit and vegetable consumption. Though participants’ cooking frequency did not change, interviewees reported increased variety, cooking confidence and family participation in cooking.