bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metode Pemahaman Islam Muḥammad Al-Ghazāli (Kajian Analisis Kitab Kaifa Nafham Al-Islām)
Authors: Darwis Munawir 
Published: February 2021

The Style of Islamic understanding has a correlation with the progress and welfare of its people. Methodological error to interpret Islam will be trapped in the stagnation of thought and decline of the people. Therefore, one of the efforts of the reformers of Islam was to reconstruct the methodology as an important tool in understanding Islam to be able to provide a solution to the problems of humanity and sovereignty. This research attempts to reveal how the approach used by Muhammad al-Ghazāli in understanding Islam, the background of his Islamic Thought and its advantages and disadvantages. Based on the result of the study, al-Ghazāli’s thought was influenced by educational background at Al-Azhar and social-political conditions in Egypt. One of the efforts made by al-Ghazāli was to call for a total return to the Islamic manhaj (way) completely as the only way to overcome the religious and social problems of Muslims.This concept methodologically is an effort to understand Islamic values ​​through the approach of the Qur'an and Sunnah which is interpreted through the spirit of rationality in the frame of moderation. Based on this approach Islam is not only understood as a doctrine but also a solutions to humanitarian and muslim problems.
PROFIL DARAH (HEMOGLOBIN DAN HEMATOKRIT) BROILER JANTAN YANG DIBERI Nigella sativa (JINTAN HITAM) SEBAGAI IMUNOMODULATOR
Authors: Noviani Rizki Tikadewi , Santosa Purnama Edy , Suharyati Sri , Siswanto Siswanto 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the description of the blood profile especially hemoglobin and hematocrit of male broiler chickens that given Nigella sativa (black cumin seed). This research was conducted on 18 December 2019-16 January 2020 at the Integrated Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Lampung University and Pramitra Biolab Indonesia Clinical Laboratory, Bandarlampung. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments given in this study were broiler chickens drinking water without Nigella sativa (P0), drinking water with 36 mg/kg BW/day of Nigella sativa (P1), drinking water with 72 mg/kg BW/day of Nigella sativa (P2), drinking water with 144 mg /kg BW/day of Nigella sativa (P3). Data were analyzed descriptively (histogram). The results showed that application of Nigella sativa at a dose of 144mg /kg BW/day (P3) was the optimal dose to increase hemoglobin levels and hematocrit values of male broiler chicken.
Keywords: Black cumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, immunomodulator, male broiler, Nigella sativa
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Facebook as a Marketing Channel among SMEs in Nigeria as a Developing Country: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Abdullahi Idris Na'umma , Husin Mohd Heikal , Baharudin Ahmad Suhaimi 
Published: January 2021

This paper reviews empirical literature to develop a conceptual framework for the adoption of Facebook as a marketing channel by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries like Nigeria. Recent peer-review journal articles were reviewed to develop the conceptual framework for this study. Facebook provides SMEs with a cost-effective strategy for marketing their products and services to both local and international customers. However, SMEs in developing countries like Nigeria are slow in the adoption of Facebook. A literature review has revealed a lack of research on the adoption of Facebook by SMEs from the context of developing countries like Nigeria. Most of the existing studies on Facebook adoption were conducted in developed countries. Findings from such studies cannot be directly applied to SMEs in developing countries because they face different challenges. The paper proposes a conceptual framework based on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework that can be empirically tested by a future researcher to determine factors influencing the intention of small and medium enterprises operating in the context of developing countries to adopt Facebook as a marketing channel to enhance their competitive advantage in the modern market. Findings from this study would be beneficial to decision-makers in Nigerian SMEs and Nigerian government agencies with responsibility for strengthening SMEs' activities in the country. It will also encourage and guide SMEs to adopt Facebook as their marketing channel.
The Changing Aspect of Partnership Business Structure in Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Rahman Hamizah , Othman Nurul Syahira , Tengku Zainal Mulok Tengku Adida , Kamarul Zaman Liziana , Wan Hashim Wan Murshida 
Published: January 2021

Partnership business structures have been accepted as a major venture capital vehicle, which is generally opted for by small and medium businesses, or by professionals that are prohibited from incorporating under the respective laws. The main objectives of this paper are first to highlight the changes in the legal attributes of general partnership structures, resulting from its evolution to limited liability partnerships (LLP). Secondly, it investigates the suitability of the LLP structure for some business partners, particularly professionals, as businesses grow with rising trade costs and litigation issues that have forced partners to take precautions regarding business liabilities. These situations have led to a tendency for existing partnerships to change from general to a hybrid entity (LLP). Thirdly, it also analyses the benefits and drawbacks of LLPs as an option for general partnerships. This paper adopts doctrinal and statutory analysis as the research methods, whereby secondary analysis of relevant documents and legal acts that govern partnership businesses are referred to. Some interviews were conducted with the LLP partners, registration bodies, and bankers, to review the current implementation issues related to LLPs. This research found that the general partnership business structure has many problems, mainly related to unlimited liability and accounting procedures, which affect the obligations and protections of partners’ benefits. To conclude, the question of whether LLPs is the best alternative for partners to opt for from a general partnership finds that it is the easiest choice, compared with incorporation, but many impediments occur in its implementations that must be considered by partners. although partners can protect themselves in LLPs with the partnership agreement, there are still many loopholes in its business implementation when it comes to integrity, trust, financing, reporting, sharing of profits, and other issues.
The Role of Tax Authorities in Public Acceptance of Indirect Tax in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Jamel Nur Erma Suryani , Abdul Hamid Nadiah , Mohd Zawawi Siti Noor Hayati , Othman Rani Diana , Sulaiman Saliza 
Published: January 2021

From 1st September 2018, the reimplementation of the Sales and Service Tax (SST) was due to take effect replacing the Goods and Service Tax (GST). The nation opposed GST as they argued that it was an added burden to their already high living cost. As the government had to find an alternative source to collect tax revenue, the best solution will be implementing the Sales and Services Tax. In contrast to GST which was carried on a value-added concept, this new charge is only imposed at manufacturer stages. Therefore, the supply chain would result in higher charges, shifting from manufacturers to retailers and consumers. Although the Consumer Price Index (CPI) basket is taxable, it is just 38 per cent of the total products and services. According to the National Worry Index conducted by Emir Research Malaysia, most respondents believe that Sales and Services Tax failed to reduce the prices of goods and services. Hence, acceptance is vital to ensure the success of indirect tax. Therefore, the present study aims to examine tax authorities’ role and public acceptance of SST in Malaysia. Data from 180 people living in Klang Valley were collected through a survey. To examine calculation and structural models, the Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) approach was adopted. This study’s findings suggested that tax authorities’ effectiveness, namely, the Royal Malaysian Customs Department (RMCD) and the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumers Affairs (KPDNHEP), influenced public acceptance. Furthermore, the adoption of SST requires tax transparency and public confidence in the government. The understanding of the government, in particular, is a critical problem because, as an acknowledgement of the SST, it goes beyond the direct range of the taxation authorities. The public should perceive that tax authorities are effective, transparent, and trustworthy in executing indirect tax. Malaysians would be more accepting if the government declares the revenues from the tax obtained, as well as spending the tax income wisely on public amenities. These findings have important implications for the government to understand public acceptance in SST. Transparency will enhance public confidence in the government. Malaysians have to perceive that the Malaysian tax authorities are useful and the tax must be transparent to give their full trust to the government.
Quelques difficultés linguistiques et culturelles dans la traduction de «L’Épopée des Trois Royaumes» de Luo Guanzhong
Authors: Durand-Sun Chaoying 
Published: February 2021

Réflexions rétrospectives sur l’herméneutique translinguistique et transculturelle à travers des difficultés essentielles, d’ordre linguistique et d’ordre culturel, rencontrées au cours de la traduction d’un célèbre roman épique et historique chinois, L’épopée des Trois Royaumes de Luo Guanzhong (1330-1400?), d’une langue maternelle, le chinois, à une langue acquise, le français, deux langues appartenant à deux groupes linguistiques fort éloignés, cet article essaie également d’élucider quelques questions incontournables de la problématique de la traduction en Chine comme en Occident: définition de la traduction selon Steiner, critères d’or de la traduction selon Yan Fu et Qian Zhongshu, rôle et objectif du traducteur selon Proust etc. tout en insistant sur la spécificité de la langue chinoise figurative, ambivalence et polysémie des cultures tant chinoise qu’occidentale, afin d’en dégager quelques pistes ou conseils méthodologiques pour la traduction et de montrer que malgré les multiples difficultés aussi bien sur le plan langagier que sur le plan culturel, la traduction demeure possible, si le traducteur sait saisir le génie des deux langues impliquées dans cette formidable « alchimie du verbe », et sait transcrire, ou faire revivre, dans sa traduction l’esprit et les sens profonds que contiennent et révèlent l’oeuvre à traduire.
Pharmaceutical Data Search by Decision Trees
Authors: Benhaddouche Djamila 
Published: January 2021

The number of information concerning the drugs that any professional of health must control in practice and the transformations which they undergo, make the regulation or the administration of drugs difficult for a pregnant woman. Techniques of excavation of data were developed to lead a model of classification of data according to precise criteria. One of the most used of is the technique of the decision trees, a method making it possible to predict the membership of an individual to a class according to his characteristics; it is based primarily on the relevant attributes of the data base of the field to which it is applied. In our case classification of managed drugs or not with the pregnant woman will be done according to quarters of the pregnancy. The results of this technique will help the professionals of health to take a decision, to make a good regulation, to decrease the accidents related to the catch of inadequate drugs at the period of pregnancy with less risks for the child.
A Review on the Methods of Evaluating the New Approaches Proposed in the Agile Context
Authors: Alaidaros Hamzah , Omar Mazni , Romli Rohaida 
Published: January 2021

In the recent years, Agile is being one of the emerging technologies adopted by numerous organizations. The Agile methods have not received a wide acceptance within the software development organizations (SDOs), but they are also being extensively employed in different fields and environments. Accordingly, new approaches have been proposed by researchers and practitioners based on the Agile context, however, there is scarce and – sometimes - absence of describing the evaluation process of these approaches. Therefore, this paper reports the findings of an extensive literature search on how the new proposed approaches are being evaluated. The narrative review methodology was employed to criticize and summarize a body of literature retrieved from various scientific sources. The results reveal that there are various methods used for evaluating the proposed Agile approaches. Nevertheless, this review focuses on explaining the five common methods, which are: (1) case study, (2) survey, (3) interview, (3) focus group, and (5) expert review. Thereafter, the authors discuss the key findings and highlight directions for future researches. This study tends to help researchers and practitioners to select the suitable evaluation methods when constructing new Agile approaches.
Using Feature Selection Methods to Discover Common Users’ Preferences for Online Recommender Systems
Authors: Ndung'u Rachael Njeri , Kamau Gabriel Ndung’u , Mariga Geoffrey Wambugu 
Published: January 2021

Recommender systems have taken over user’s choice to choose the items/services they want from online markets, where lots of merchandise is traded. Collaborative filtering-based recommender systems uses user opinions and preferences. Determination of commonly used attributes that influence preferences used for prediction and subsequent recommendation of unknown or new items to users is a significant objective while developing recommender engines. In conventional systems, study of user behavior to know their dis/like over items would be carried-out. In this paper, presents feature selection methods to mine such preferences through selection of high influencing attributes of the items. In machine learning, feature selection is used as a data pre-processing method but extended its use on this work to achieve two objectives; removal of redundant, uninformative features and for selecting formative, relevant features based on the response variable. The latter objective, was suggested to identify and determine the frequent and shared features that would be preferred mostly by marketplace online users as they express their preferences. The dataset used for experimentation and determination was synthetic dataset. The Jupyter Notebook™ using python was used to run the experiments. Results showed that given a number of formative features, there were those selected, with high influence to the response variable. Evidence showed that different feature selection methods resulted with different feature scores, and intrinsic method had the best overall results with 85% model accuracy. Selected features were used as frequently preferred attributes that influence users’ preferences.
Prácticas universitarias: una perspectiva integral
Authors: Oldani Karina , Cecotti Martina , Hanlon Leandra 
Published: February 2021

A partir de la experiencia transitada en el Seminario de la Especialización en docencia universitaria “Políticas de articulación, docencia, investigación, extensión y transferencia”, reflexionamos acerca de obstáculos o límites que se presentan en el camino hacia una dinámica de formación con perspectiva integral en nuestras universidades. Proponemos un Taller donde los conocimientos prácticos, académicos y extra-académicos puedan integrarse en el análisis y búsqueda de soluciones a problemas reales. Este espacio sería posible de ser incorporado en el currículum de cualquier carrera universitaria, encuadrado en aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP), donde los estudiantes se enfrentan al problema antes de un determinado aprendizaje: es decir, el problema guía al aprendizaje. Imaginamos un contraste con aquella situación inicial desde la cual los imaginarios o supuestos acerca de las capacidades individuales excluyentes o incumbencias exclusivas de cada campo disciplinar, podría redefinirse y orientarse hacia una visión más amplia e integradora de los saberes específicos, y contribuir con un aprendizaje cooperativo o cooperado que refuerce su vínculo de pertenencia tanto con la comunidad académica de un sistema educativo efectivamente público y democrático, como con la sociedad con la cual interactúen solidariamente, en pos de una sociedad plural y democrática.
Por uma arqueologia cética
Authors: Da-Gloria Pedro 
Published: January 2021

O livro “Por uma arqueologia cética: Ontologia, epistemologia, teoria e prática da mais interdisciplinar das disciplinas”, escrito por Astolfo Araujo, busca contemplar os princípios teóricos e práticos da arqueologia e sua relação com outras áreas do conhecimento, através de uma escrita crítica, reflexiva e argumentativa sobre importantes tópicos do fazer arqueológico, trazendo visões contundentes e, em alguns trechos, carregadas de experiência pessoal do autor. O texto é voltado a um público de profissionais da arqueologia, mas é suficientemente claro e acessível a um público acadêmico mais amplo. O autor dialoga intensamente com a filosofia da ciência, biologia evolutiva e geologia, adotando uma ontologia materialista e uma perspectiva histórica e científica da arqueologia. Ainda, essa obra traz à tona uma vertente teórica chamada arqueologia evolutiva, que tem sido pouco trabalhada em contexto nacional. O livro é dividido em cinco capítulos e uma conclusão.
Geotechnical Characteristics of Subsoil for Different Sectors of Islamabad
Authors: Din Moeen-ul , Ali Jamal , Khan Abdul Qudoos , Sami Farjad 
Published: January 2021

Geotechnical site investigations are essential in determining subsoil stratigraphy and soil strength and is considered mandatory for design of foundations. This study presents the generalized profiles for subsurface stratigraphy and insitu soil strength (average SPT N values) for different sectors of Islamabad on the basis of wide-ranging experimental work carried out by several agencies in fieldand laboratory testing carried out at the number of locations in the study area. Data from 208 geotechnical site investigations of Islamabad have been collected and subsurface profiling for those sectors is carried out that had more than four data points. The experimental data of the study area has shown potential for development of profile map for 11 different sectors of Islamabad using data of 144 geotechnical site investigations. Generalized soil profile and average SPT N values for each sector have been generated to a depth of 7m which is considered sufficient for lightly loaded structures with shallow foundations. Average SPT N value profile coupled with soil stratigraphy for each zone is established that can used to determine shear strength parameters and bearing capacity of soil using SPT based empirical correlations. The generalized soil profiles will be helpful during feasibility study and planning geotechnical site investigations for mega projects and can also be used to determine engineering properties of subsoil for small scale projects.
On the Effect of γ-phase transformation kinetics upon microstructure response of Cold Heading Quality Steel
Authors: Abro Shahid Hussain , Hanif Muhammad Sohail , Hussain Fayaz 
Published: January 2021

Cold heading quality CHQ steel is a versatile form over other steels as they are used non-heat treated; their strengthening mechanism is achieved through cold heading operations. Metal is therefore stretched without applying any source of heat, metal flow during the cold heading operation must depend on grains flow which increases the mechanical properties such as strength, resistance to indentation and toughness. It is therefore necessary to form the isotropic grains before applying cold heading operation may increase the properties. Gamma phase formation during the heat treatment is crucial factor for cold operation. An effort is made in this research work to study and find out the Austenite nucleation and growth morphology of commercial CHQ steel through continuous heating experiments by utilizing lead-bath up-quenching technique at differentaustenizing temperature ranges. High class Optical Microscope Olympus GX51, scanning electron microscopy techniques have been utilized to reveal and interpret the microstructure and it was found that At the 740°C, the microstructure shows the lack of homogeneity in the structure hence cold-head-ability of CHQ steel is anisotropic but at the high temperature in austenite domain at 60sec the resultant austenite is highly homogenous due to high volume fraction of austenite has been formed then the cold-head-ability properties of CHQ steel turned to be isotropic. Keywords: Up-quenching, cold heading steel, gamma transformation, heating rate etc.
Impact of urbanization on water resources of Pakistan: A review
Authors: Khan Mehreen 
Published: January 2021

This paper summarizes the various dimensions and impacts of urbanization on Pakistan’s water resources in order to provide foundations for future water policy that will lead towards country’s socio-economic development. Urbanization is considered as a major trend of 21st century in many developing countries. Along with urbanization, increase in population growth in recent years has put a pressure on the world’s water resources in terms of water demand and pollution. Various issues related to water sector in urban areas of Pakistan have been identified including contamination of surface and ground water resources through industrial, agricultural and domestic discharge of waste and waste water, increasing floods, loss of wetlands and aquatic biodiversity, sea water intrusion and subsidence, physical reduction in water resources quantity and quality and operational and managerial incapacities. There are some other issues like unequal water distribution which together with population burden, rapid urbanization and growing industrialization are posing a huge challenge for Pakistan’s water management in 21st century. Taken together all the studies, this review suggests that to reduce vulnerability to water resources of Pakistan, there is a need for new systems of urban planning and governance institutions as the core of Pakistan’s water crisis is water management.