bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Activation Induced by Myopic and Hyperopic Defocus From Spectacles
Authors: Kang Meng-Tian , Wang Bo , Ran An-Ran , Gan Jiahe , Du Jialing , Yusufu Mayinuer , Liang Xintong , Li Shi-Ming , Wang Ningli 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To assess neural changes in perceptual effects induced by myopic defocus and hyperopic defocus stimuli in ametropic and emmetropic subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Methods: This study included 41 subjects with a mean age of 26.0 ± 2.9 years. The mean spherical equivalence refraction was −0.54 ± 0.51D in the emmetropic group and −3.57 ± 2.27D in the ametropic group. The subjects were instructed to view through full refractive correction, with values of +2.00D to induce myopic defocus state and −2.00D to induce hyperopic defocus state. This was carried over in three random sessions. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion was measured using fMRI to obtain quantified regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Behavioral tests including distant visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS), were measured every 5 min for 30 min.Results: Myopic defocus induced significantly greater rCBF increase in four cerebral regions compared with full correction: right precentral gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, and left middle temporal gyrus (P &lt; 0.001). The differences were less significant in low myopes than emmetropes. In the hyperopic defocus session, the increased responses of rCBF were only observed in the right and left precentral gyrus. Myopic defocused VA and CS improved significantly within 5 min and reached a plateau shortly after.Conclusion: This study revealed that myopic defocus stimuli can significantly increase blood perfusion in visual attention-related cerebral regions, which suggests a potential direction for future investigation on the relationship between retinal defocus and its neural consequences.
Construction and Validation of Novel Prediction Tools Based on Large Population-Based Database to Predict the Prognosis of Urachal Cancer After Surgery
Authors: Yu Xiaowen , Ma Chong , Wang Maoyu , Ying Yidie , Zhang Zhensheng , Ai Xing , Wang Linhui , Zeng Shuxiong , Xu Chuanliang 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundUrachal cancer is a rare neoplasm in the urological system. To our knowledge, no published study has explored to establish a model for predicting the prognosis of urachal cancer. The present study aims to develop and validate nomograms for predicting the prognosis of urachal cancer based on clinicopathological parameters.MethodsBased on the data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 445 patients diagnosed with urachal cancer between 1975 and 2018 were identified as training and internal validation cohort; 84 patients diagnosed as urachal cancer from 2001 to 2020 in two medical centers were collected as external validation cohort. Nomograms were developed using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis in the training cohort, and their performance was evaluated in terms of its discriminative ability, calibration, and clinical usefulness by statistical analysis.ResultsThree nomograms based on tumor–node–metastasis (TNM), Sheldon and Mayo staging system were developed for predicting cancer-specific survival (CSS) of urachal cancer; these nomograms all showed similar calibration and discrimination ability. Further internal (c-index 0.78) and external (c-index 0.81) validation suggested that Sheldon model had superior discrimination and calibration ability in predicting CSS than the other two models. Moreover, we found that the Sheldon model was able to successfully classify patients into different risk of mortality both in internal and external validation cohorts. Decision curve analysis proved that the nomogram was clinically useful and applicable.ConclusionsThe nomogram model with Sheldon staging system was recommended for predicting the prognosis of urachal cancer. The proposed nomograms have promising clinical applicability to help clinicians on individualized patient counseling, decision-making, and clinical trial designing.
Therapeutic Effects of Berberine Hydrochloride on Stress-Induced Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats by Inhibiting Neurotransmission in Colonic Smooth Muscle
Authors: Lu Yulin , Huang Jingjing , Zhang Yao , Huang Zitong , Yan Weiming , Zhou Tianran , Wang Zhesheng , Liao Lu , Cao Hongying , Tan Bo 
Published: September 2021

The etiology of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is complicated and closely related to neurotransmission in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Developing new strategies for treating this disease is a major challenge for IBS-D research. Berberine hydrochloride (BBH), the derivative of berberine, is a herbal constituent used to treat IBS. Previous studies have shown that BBH has potential anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesic, and antidiarrheal effects and a wide range of biological activities, especially in regulating the release of some neurotransmitters. A modified IBS-D rat model induced by chronic restraint stress was used in all experiments to study the effects of BBH on the GI tract. This study measured the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) response to graded colorectal distention (CRD; 20, 40, 60, and 80 mmHg) and observed the fecal areas of stress-induced IBS-D model. Experiments were conducted using organ bath techniques, which were performed in vitro using strips of colonic longitudinal smooth muscle. Inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter agents were added to each organ bath to observe contractile responses on the strips and the treatment effect exerted by BBH. The IBS-D rat model was successfully induced by chronic restraint stress, which resulted in an increased defecation frequency and visceral hypersensitivity similar to that of humans. BBH could reduce 4-h fecal areas and AWR response to CRD in IBS-D. The stress-induced IBS-D model showed upregulated colonic mRNA expression levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3A receptor and downregulated expression levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Meanwhile, BBH could reverse this outcome. The responses of substances that regulate the contraction induced by related neurotransmission in the longitudinal smooth muscle of IBS-D colon (including the agonist of acetylcholine, carbachol; NOS inhibitor, L-NAME; and P2Y1 receptor antagonist, MRS2500) can be inhibited by BBH. In summary, BBH promotes defecation frequency and visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D and exerts inhibitory effects on contractile responses in colonic longitudinal smooth muscle. Thus, BBH may represent a new therapeutic approach for treating IBS-D.
Prickly Pear Betalain-Rich Extracts as New Promising Strategy for Intestinal Inflammation: Plant Complex vs. Main Isolated Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Smeriglio A. , De Francesco C. , Denaro M. , Trombetta D. 
Published: September 2021

Recently, many studies have highlighted the health effects of betalains beyond their use as food dyes. The present study investigated betalain-rich extracts with different colors and their main bioactive compounds in order to provide first evidence as a new promising strategy for intestinal inflammation management. Prickly pear betalain–rich extracts, obtained by a QuEChERS method, have been characterized by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The potential role of betanin, indicaxanthin, and prickly pear extracts in counteracting the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory events was evaluated by severalin vitrocell-free and cell-based assays. Indicaxanthin and betanin represent the most abundant compounds (≥22.27 ± 4.50 and 1.16 ± 0.17 g/100 g dry extract, respectively). Prickly pear extracts showed the strongest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with respect to the pure betalains both onin vitrocell-free and cell-based assays, demonstrating the occurrence of synergistic activity, without any cytotoxicity or alteration of the barrier systems. The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and key inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8, and NO) was strongly inhibited by both betalains and even more by prickly pear extracts, which showed a similar and sometimes better profile than the reference compounds trolox and dexamethasone in counteracting the IL-1β–induced intestinal inflammation.
Sex Metabolic Differences and Effects on Blood Coagulation Among Rats Exposed to Sodium Dehydroacetate
Authors: Chen Xin , Hao Fuxing , Zhang Meng , Xiao Jinzha , Zhao Weiya , Zhao Zeting , Zhang Yumei 
Published: September 2021

Sodium dehydroacetate (Na-DHA), a fungicide used in food, feed, cosmetics, and medicine, has been found to cause coagulation aberration accompanied by the inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) in the liver in rats. VKOR complex 1 (VKORC1) and VKORC1 like-1 (VKORC1L1) are two homologous VKOR proteins. Little information is available on the effect of Na-DHA on VKORC1L1 in the liver or VKORC1/VKORC1L1 in extrahepatic tissue and sex differences in Na-DHA metabolism. In the present study, after administration of 200 mg/kg Na-DHA by gavage, significant inhibition of VKORC1 or VKORC1L1 expression in tissues, as well as prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), were observed. The PT/APTT in the Na-DHA-exposed males were 1.27- to 1.48-fold/1.17- to 1.37-fold, while the corresponding values in the Na-DHA-exposed females were 1.36- to 2.02-fold/1.20- to 1.70-fold. Serum or tissue Na-DHA concentrations were significantly higher in females than in males. The pharmacokinetic parameters (t1/2, Cmax, AUC0∼24 h, and MRT0∼24 h) of Na-DHA in female rats were significantly higher than those in male rats. Furthermore, cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity was investigated using the cocktail probe method. The results revealed that Na-DHA exhibited an inductive effect on CYP1A2, 2D1/2, and 3A1/2 activities by changing the main pharmacokinetic parameters of probe drugs in male rats. However, no significant change in CYP2E1 activity was found. There were sex differences in the metabolism and coagulation in rats exposed to Na-DHA. The lower metabolism and higher blood Na-DHA concentration in females may be the reasons for higher coagulation sensitivity in female rats.
Immune Cell Landscape of Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema by Single-Cell RNA Analysis
Authors: Ma Pengjuan , Zhang Ping , Chen Shuxia , Shi Wen , Ye Jinguo , Chen Shida , Ju Rong , Liu Bingqian , Zheng Yingfeng , Liu Yizhi 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), an unbiased and high-throughput single cell technology, to determine phenotype and function of peripheral immune cells in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from DME patients and healthy controls (HC). The single-cell samples were loaded on the Chromium platform (10x Genomics) for sequencing. R package Seurat v3 was used for data normalizing, clustering, dimensionality reduction, differential expression analysis, and visualization.Results: We constructed a single-cell RNA atlas comprising 57,650 PBMCs (24,919 HC, 32,731 DME). We divided all immune cells into five major immune cell lineages, including monocytes (MC), T cells (TC), NK cells (NK), B cells (BC), and dendritic cells (DC). Our differential expression gene (DEG) analysis showed that MC was enriched of genes participating in the cytokine pathway and inflammation activation. We further subdivided MC into five subsets: resting CD14++ MC, proinflammatory CD14++ MC, intermediate MC, resting CD16++ MC and pro-inflammatory CD16++ MC. Remarkably, we revealed that the proinflammatory CD14++ monocytes predominated in promoting inflammation, mainly by increasingly production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL1B, and NFKBIA) and chemokines (CCL3, CCL3L1, CCL4L2, CXCL2, and CXCL8). Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis of the DEGs demonstrated that the proinflammatory CD14++ monocytes, especially in DME patients, upregulated inflammatory pathways including tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway, I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling, and toll-like receptor signaling pathway.Conclusion: In this study, we construct the first immune landscape of DME patients with T2D and confirmed innate immune dysregulation in peripheral blood based on an unbiased scRNA-seq approach. And these results demonstrate potential target cell population for anti-inflammation treatments.
Application of an Online Combination Exercise Intervention to Improve Physical and Mental Health in Obese Children: A Single Arm Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ding Meng , Yi Xiangren , Yan Peisai , McDonough Daniel J. , Gao Zan , Dong Xiaosheng 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Childhood obesity has become a global public health concern in the past decade. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of an online combination exercise intervention in improving the physical and mental health of obese children.Methods: This study adopted a one-group pre-test and post-test research design. A total of 28 obese children from 6 elementary schools in Heze City, Shandong Province, China, were recruited. All participants received an 8-week online combination exercise intervention and were tested at a three-month follow-up. Participants were tested and surveyed regarding their demographic, feasibility, and obesity indicators using mental health and quality of life questionnaires. The data were statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures.Results: A total of 26 obese children (Meanage = 10.15 years) completed the study. The retention rate was 92.9% for the entire trial (two obese children withdrew due to their inability to exercise) and no adverse events were reported. In addition, the obese children completed 25/32 (78.1%) of the online courses. After 8 weeks of the intervention, the changes in the body fat percentage of the obese children [mean difference (MD) = –3.126, p &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d = –1.777], thinking dimension score (MD = 1.654, p &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.603), total quality of life score (MD = 6.385, p &lt; 0.05, Cohen’s d = 0.610), and work attitude dimension score (MD = 1.346, p &lt; 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.744) showed significant differences compared to the baseline. However, no significant differences were identified between the post-intervention and three-month follow-up measurements (p &gt; 0.05), and we assumed that the intervention effect was maintained three months after the intervention.Conclusion: An online combination exercise intervention is a safe and feasible option to improve the mental health and quality of life of obese children and may have long-term health benefits.
Sociodemographic Factors Associated With HIV/HCV High-Risk Behaviors Among People Who Use Drugs on Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A 10-Year Observational Study
Authors: Liu Cong , Ma Yi-lei , Liu Xue-han , Duan Yan-ran , Liu Pu-lin , Wang Xia , Yin Ping 
Published: September 2021

Background: Sociodemographic factors have an impact worldwide on the behavior of people who use drugs (PWUD). This study attempts to clarify the sociodemographic factors related to HIV/HCV high-risk behaviors (injection drug use, syringe sharing, and multiple sex partners) among PWUD on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in the long term.Methods: The 13,300 PWUD recruited into the MMT program were followed during 2006–2015. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and HIV/HCV high-risk behaviors.Results: We found that male (vs. female), living alone (vs. living with family or relatives), temporary income, financial support from family/friends, and financial support from social welfare (vs. regular salary) were positively associated with injection drug use. Age of initial drug use was negatively associated with injection drug use and syringe sharing. For both genders, being unmarried (vs. married or in cohabitation), living with friends, living alone (vs. living with family or relatives), temporary income, financial supports from family/friends (vs. regular salary), being employed (vs. unemployed/between jobs) was positively associated. In contrast, age at baseline was negatively associated with having multiple sexual partners for both genders. Ethnic of non-Han (vs. Han) was positively associated with having multiple sexual partners simply for males. Being divorced or widowed (vs. married or cohabitated) was positively associated with having multiple sexual partners merely for females.Conclusion: HIV/HCV high-risk behaviors correlated with certain sociodemographic factors of PWUD receiving MMT. There is a need for improving the well-being, employment, and housing status of PWUD on MMT to reduce their HIV/HCV risk behaviors.
Screening Method for Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthase Mutants Based on Polyester Degree of Polymerization Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Ishii-Hyakutake Manami , Sakurai Tetsuo , Tsuge Takeharu 
Published: September 2021

A high-throughput screening method based on the degree of polymerization (DP) of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this method, PHA production was achieved using recombinant Escherichia coli supplemented with benzyl alcohol as a chain terminal compound. The cultured cells containing benzyl alcohol-capped PHA were decomposed by alkaline treatment, and the peaks of the decomposed monomer and benzyl alcohol were detected using HPLC. The DP of PHA could be determined from the peak ratio of the decomposed monomer to terminal benzyl alcohol. The measured DP was validated by other instrumental analyses using purified PHA samples. Using this system, mutants of PHA synthase from Bacillus cereus YB-4 (PhaRCYB4) were screened, and some enzymes capable of producing PHA with higher DP than the wild-type enzyme were obtained. The PHA yields of two of these enzymes were equivalent to the yield of the wild-type enzyme. Therefore, this screening method is suitable for the selection of beneficial mutants that can produce high molecular weight PHAs.
Qualidade do sono e sua relação com qualidade de vida e estado emocional em professores universitários
Authors: Borges Maurilo Aparecido , Alves Débora Almeida Galdino , Guimarães Laiz Helena de Castro Toledo 
Published: September 2021

Objetivo. Avaliar a qualidade do sono e sua relação com a qualidade de vida e estado emocional em professores universitários. Método. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, no qual participaram 36 professores do curso de Fisioterapia de uma instituição de ensino superior privada no interior do estado de Minas Gerais, sendo 27,8% do gênero masculino e 72,2% do gênero feminino, com idade média entre 25 e 61 anos. Instrumentos utilizados: questionário sociodemográfico, Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP), questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36 e Escala de ansiedade, depressão e estresse (EADS-21). Resultado. 58,3% dos participantes apresentaram qualidade do sono ruim. Professores com pior qualidade do sono, apresentaram pior qualidade de vida (p<0,05) e mais sintomas de ansiedade (p=0,00078). Conclusão. Pode-se concluir que a má qualidade do sono é um problema comum entre os professores analisados e está associada a baixa qualidade de vida e ansiedade.
A ARTE NO COTIDIANO DA INTERAÇÃO À DIMENSÃO ESTÉTICA TERRITORIAL
Authors: Xavier Fábio Rodrigo de Moraes 
Published: September 2021

Neste estudo, nós apresentamos o entendimento com relação à arte no cotidiano da interação à dimensão estética territorial. Será colocado, por meio do entendimento da arte, como processo generalizado do cotidiano que se movimenta pela interação, e como isso promove o sentir em comum como processo estético que desencadeia o condicionamento mental na condição territorial. Dentro dessa perspectiva, pode-se chegar à ideia da Geo-Filosofia, bem como o condicionamento do sentido e sua configuração.
DANÇAR COMO POLÍTICA DE EXISTÊNCIA
Authors: Longo Nayara Lima 
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho pretende criar um campo de questões que ajudem a problematizar as interfaces entre processos de invenção de modos de existência e algumas práticas em dança. Entende-se que o corpo em dança pode funcionar como dispositivo catalisador de políticas de invenção de modos de vida outros. De modo que o dançar é tomado como prática aberta a uma multiplicidade de conjugações e derivações possíveis, onde o que interessa é a inauguração de relações outras para consigo e para com mundos.
Exploring DNA Diversity in Leathers:
Authors: Pavithra N. , Aishwarya A.B. , Pravin A. Sahaya , Sundar V. John , Gnanamani A. 
Published: September 2021

DNA based approaches have become widespread in recent times to identify the origin of samples when its phenotypic characteristics are not distinguishable. This, in particular, applies to the leather industry wherein with an increase in duplicated embossing of grain patterns; there is a need to detect the animal origin of commercial leather articles. Thus, the characterization of molecular markers that enables rapid detection of the leather source helps us in precise species identification. The present study aims to generate definite sequences between the four major species in the Bovidae family (Buffalo, Cow, Goat, and Sheep), which are the major players in the manufacture of leather products, especially in India. Based on specific mitochondrial sequences, a specific fragment of the mitochondrial 12SrRNA gene was amplified by PCR as a marker for species-level identification. By the maximum homogeneity, from the NCBI and BOLD database, the BLAST analysis of the sequences of amplicons from unknown sources, distinguish closely related species of the subfamilies Bovinae (buffalo and Cow) and Caprinae (sheep and goat) and this 12SrRNA based PCR-BLAST analysis is a good tool to identify the origin and control the quality of leathers that are being manufactured. The present study has optimized an approach for the extraction and amplification of DNA from the finished leather, which is one of the most significant challenges because of the vigorous processes encountered during their manufacture. The findings of the study have commercial value at large scale.
La salud humana y el ambiente, perspectiva educativa en salud
Authors: Ferreira Soraire Graciela 
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo se analiza la situación ambiental del siglo XXI y las estrategias de cambio que surgen a partir de los movimientos sociales ambientalistas, que proponen una visión ambiental integradora de la política socio-económica y la productividad ecológica.
En el tercer milenio, el cuidado del ambiente resulta prioritario para asegurar la calidad de vida de las personas. Al aumentar la población y la cantidad de energía usada por cada persona, aumenta el grado de deterioro, que se refleja en la contaminación del aire, causada por las fábricas y plantas generadoras que queman combustibles o los automóviles que se multiplican en esta sociedad hiper-consumista y petro-adicta.
Las actividades humanas generan degradación del ambiente y son las principales causantes de la conta­minación del agua, del suelo, del aire, que por consecuencia directa afectan la salud del hombre, esto trasciende los límites de los países industrializados y seudo-industrializados.