bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit Akibat Pengaturan Bobot Mulsa Tandan Kosong dan Frekuensi Penyiraman
Authors: Sukmawan Yan , Riniarti Dewi 
Published: January 2021

Kekurangan air umumnya menjadi faktor pembatas bagi pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit di pembibitan utama. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan pengaruh mulsa tandan kosong kelapa sawit dan frekuensi penyiraman terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit yang dipelihara di pembibitan utama. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Unit Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit Politeknik Negeri Lampung mulai April 2019 sampai September 2019, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah bobot mulsa (0 g, 100 g, 200 g, and 300 g) dan faktor kedua adalah frekuensi penyiraman (setiap hari, setiap dua hari, dan setiap tiga hari). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara bobot mulsa tandan kosong kelapa sawit dan frekuensi penyiraman pada diameter batang, laju transpirasi, dan laju fotosintesis bibit kelapa sawit. Aplikasi mulsa tandan kosong kelapa sawit 200 g dan 300 g yang dikombinasikan dengan frekuensi penyiraman setiap dua hari dan tiga hari mampu menghasilkan diameter batang bibit kelapa sawit yang sama dengan bibit kelapa sawit dengan perlakuan kontrol. Kelembapan tanah yang rendah di sekitar perakaran bibit kelapa sawit menyebabkan fotosintesis dan ketersediaan hara berkurang.
Diagnóstico de las estrategias empleadas en producción de las bodegas de aceituna en la región sur del Perú año 2020
Authors: Mendoza Quispe Javier Fernando , Velarde Molina Jehovanni Fabricio 
Published: January 2021

El tema de Investigación se desarrolla en el sector olivícola, principal actividad económica de la region Tacna; la cual ha experimentado importantes fluctuaciones de producción las mismas han obedecido a aspectos internos (Bajos niveles de productividad, diversificación de productos, entre otros ) y externos (increment de producción de los países competidores a través incentivos, optimizando procesos con equipos que agilizan la producción y politicas de comercialización (Inteligencia Comercial)).
El sector olivícola al conformarse como una actividad importante para la Región y observer las fluctuaciones negativas y el contexto en el cual se encuentra el sector, motiva para que se realice el mencionado trabajo de investigacion en tres etapas:
Primera Etapa: Diagnóstico de las Bodegas de procesamiento de aceituna; las cuales estan inmersas en la Asociación de Productores de la Yarada y los Palos que procesan y comercializan aceituna de mesa.
Segunda Etapa: En función al diagnóstico de las Bodegas y considerando las exigencias del mercado internacional se evalúa la aplicación de la producción limpia y su implicancia en el manejo de efluentes.
La aplicación de la Producción Limpia se hará referencia a la metodología de la “Guía para la Implementación de la Producción más Limpia” (GP 900.200:2007) la misma que se elaborado por el Comité Técnico de Normalización de Gestión Ambiental, Sub Comité de Producción Más Limpia según R.0052-2007/INDECOPI-CRT. Publicada el 2007-06-20.

Tercera Etapa: Por ultimo, se identificará una empresa representativa que este implementando la metodología de la Producción Limpia para analizar sus implicacias en diferentes ambitos económico, financiero, ambiental, etc.
En tal sentido, en el presente articulo cientifico se enfocará a la primera etapa del trabajo de investigacion. En esta Primera Parte se concluye: La gestión administrative debe mantener, fortalecer y mejorar los procesos productivos en las bodegas de la Asociación de Productores y Comercializadores de Aceituna de Yarada y los Palos, es fundamental para que se garantice continuidad de una producción en función a las exigencies sanitarias, fitosanitarias, ambientales y de calidad para insertarse de manera eficiente en el comercio exterior y pueda responder a las exigencies del Mercado interno sobre todo de los importantes grupos retail del país con la finalidad de mejorar su rentabilidad y posición financiera.
A Methodology for the Sport Industry to Capture Public Perceptions and Responses in the Time of COVID-19
Authors: Wang Yen-Yao , Wang Tawei , Yoon Kyunghee 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on the sports industry, affecting activities from professional sports to the 2020 Summer Olympics. It has wreaked havoc on the sports calendar, causing a number of events to be canceled or postponed. This study proposes a methodology by which the sports industry can assess public perceptions and responses in social media to gain important insights that can be used to craft effective crisis management strategies. Using machine learning approaches in order to extract hidden patterns in tweets could assist practitioners in creating and implementing crisis communication strategies for mitigating the impact of COVID-19.
The Impact of Digitalization on Future Audits
Authors: Fotoh Lazarus Elad , Lorentzon Johan Ingemar 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThis study examines the future impact of digitalization on auditing by synthesizing empirical studies, relating them to surveys conducted by accounting bodies, and analyzing these findings in relation to extant literature. Based on the synthesis, this study proposes a transitional framework to enable the audit profession to remain competitive. The results show that digitalization may significantly affect the audit profession in the future. However, the impact is likely to be incremental rather than radical. To remain competitive, the audit profession needs to adopt new metrics, capabilities, skills, and evolve its business models to incorporate digital technologies. The contribution of this study is multifaceted. The propositions and research agenda presented in this study will be beneficial to academics, practitioners, audit regulators, and the general public as they have the potential to form a foundation for addressing future research questions and for the theorization and empirical testing of audit digitalization.
Do Employee Fraud Reporting Intentions Differ between For-Profit and Nonprofit Organizations?
Authors: Scheetz Andrea , Smalls Tonya D. W. , Wall Joseph , Wilson Aaron B. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Scant coverage of fraud in nonprofit organizations and smaller firms exists despite surveys and headlines indicating fraud prevalence is at greater levels among these firms than at for-profit and larger firms. Applying a combination of stakeholder salience theory and whistleblowing theory, this paper establishes a background for such comparisons. Results of a survey of 153 fulltime employees uncover differences in whistleblowing between for-profit and nonprofit organization types. We find those who work at for-profit organizations are more likely to whistleblow than those who work for nonprofit organizations. The results and supplemental analysis suggest whistleblowing intention for fraud is significantly more likely for larger organizations (measured by number of employees) regardless of organization type. Further, as geographic reach increases, for-profit employees are increasingly likely to report.
Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases: Diagnosis and Prevention
Authors: Sack Cora S , Vedal Sverre , Kaufman Joel D 
Published: January 2021

Environmental and occupational lung diseases encompass a diverse group of lung diseases caused by the inhalation of potentially harmful substances. Although workplace regulations and the changing economy in the United States have significantly decreased incidence, these diseases remain both common and associated with significant morbidity. In addition, novel exposures continue to be recognized as new causes of disease. This review provides the medical student and clinician with a framework for approaching and categorizing environmental and occupational lung disease. It also presents an in-depth discussion of the epidemiology, biological mechanisms, diagnosis, and clinical care of some of the more commonly encountered diseases. Occupational lung diseases that affect the airways, such as work-related asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and malignant neoplasms are covered. This review concludes with general strategies to help prevent disease incidence and progression.
This review contains 1 figure, 5 tables, and 56 references.
Key words: bronchiolitis obliterans, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, irritant-induced occupational asthma, mesothelioma, occupational asthma, occupational lung disease, occupational lung neoplasm, work-related asthma
Mycotic Infections in the Compromised Host
Authors: Young Jo-Anne H. 
Published: January 2021

Opportunistic fungal infections have become increasingly important over the past several decades, paradoxically because advances in medical practice have improved the survival of debilitated and immunosuppressed patients. The mycotic infections that appear in the compromised host are candidiasis, cryptococcosis, pneumocystosis, aspergillosis, zygomycosis, and fusariosis. The aspergillosis section addresses allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and invasive aspergillosis separately. Timely diagnosis of opportunistic fungal infection depends on understanding host characteristics, environmental risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnostic testing, which each section covers. There is also a section on infection by dematiaceous fungi. Figures illustrate the cysts of Pneumocystis and the bimodal distribution of Aspergillus infection after bone marrow transplantation. Tables describe the desensitization of adult patients with sulfa allergy; the stages of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis; the treatment of infections caused by Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, and Fusarium species; and the treatment and prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia.
This review contains 2 highly rendered figures, 7 tables, and 108 references.
Infections due to Mycobacterium leprae and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Leonard Jr Michael K , Blumberg Henry M , Franco-Paredes Carlos 
Published: January 2021

Mycobacterium leprae infection (i.e., leprosy) is a disease that has been recognized—and often misunderstood—since ancient times. The emergence of HIV/AIDS and the development of newer culture methodologies and molecular diagnostic tools have brought about increased interest in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of human infections from nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). More than 140 species of NTM have been identified; approximately 50 of these may be pathogenic for humans, causing a broad spectrum of disease. This chapter covers both M. leprae and selected NTM organisms, including M. avium complex; M. kansasii; M. marinum; and rapidly growing mycobacteria such as M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, and M. abscessus. The section on leprosy encompasses subsections on diagnosis, clinical manifestations and classification, laboratory studies, treatment, and leprosy reactions. Treatments for nontuberculous mycobacteria infections are also covered. Figures include a natural history of leprosy, tuberculoid leprosy, lepromatous leprosy, and various forms of borderline leprosy, as well as type 1 and type 2 leprosy reaction. Tables include the Ridley-Jopling classification of leprosy, recommendations for treatment of leprosy, clinical characteristics and treatment of leprosy, major clinical syndromes associated with nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, diagnosing nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease, a listing of slow and rapidly growing mycobacteria that are human pathogens, plus treatment regimens for selected nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in adults.
This review contains 59 references.
Lung Cancer Part II
Authors: Crawford Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

In the United States, lung cancer is the second most common cancer, surpassed only by prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women. But lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, accounting for 29% and 26% of all cancer-related deaths in men and women, respectively. The four major pathologic cell types of lung cancer are small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Because they have overlapping clinical behaviors and responses to treatment, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma are generally grouped together in the category of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This review discusses treatment of both NSCLC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
This review contains 2 figures, 20 tables, and 95 references.
Keywords: lung cancer, mediastinoscopy, chemoradiotherapy, TNM staging system, pulmonary parenchyma, segmentectomy
Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders
Authors: Mackay Devin , Miyawaki Edison 
Published: January 2021

The hyperkinetic movement disorders include heterogeneous diseases and syndromes, all characterized by one or a variety of excessive, involuntary movements. The hyperkinetic movement disorders are heterogeneous in clinical presentation, but a rational and practical approach to diagnosis exists based on new genetic correlations and targeted laboratory investigations. Treatments informed by a still-developing picture of motor pathophysiology offer significant benefit for these disorders. This chapter discusses choreiform disorders, including patterns in choreiform diagnosis; tremor disorders; paroxysmal disorders, including tics and myoclonus; dystonias, including monogenic primary dystonias; and pathophysiology and treatment in the hyperkinetic movement disorders. Figures include clinical photos, computed tomography scans, and an algorithm representing cortical-subcortical circuitry. Tables delineate definitions, distinguishing clinical features, medications, genetics, protein products, and treatments associated with various disorders.
This review contains 6 figures, 12 tables, and 145 references.
Changes in Plant-Based Diet Indices and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women and Men: Three U.S. Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Chen Zhangling , Drouin-Chartier Jean-Philippe , Li Yanping , Baden Megu Y. , Manson JoAnn E. , Willett Walter C. , Voortman Trudy , Hu Frank B. , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
We evaluated the associations between changes in plant-based diets and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We prospectively followed 76,530 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) (1986–2012), 81,569 women in NHS II (1991–2017), and 34,468 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2016). Adherence to plant-based diets was assessed every 4 years with the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful PDI (hPDI), and unhealthful PDI (uPDI). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). We pooled results of the three cohorts using meta-analysis.

RESULTS
We documented 12,627 cases of type 2 diabetes during 2,955,350 person-years of follow-up. After adjustment for initial BMI and initial and 4-year changes in alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, and other factors, compared with participants whose indices remained relatively stable (±3%), participants with the largest decrease (&gt;10%) in PDI and hPDI over 4 years had a 12–23% higher diabetes risk in the subsequent 4 years (pooled HR, PDI 1.12 [95% CI 1.05, 1.20], hPDI 1.23 [1.16, 1.31]). Each 10% increment in PDI and hPDI over 4 years was associated with a 7–9% lower risk (PDI 0.93 [0.91, 0.95], hPDI 0.91 [0.87, 0.95]). Changes in uPDI were not associated with diabetes risk. Weight changes accounted for 6.0–35.6% of the associations between changes in PDI and hPDI and diabetes risk.

CONCLUSIONS
Improving adherence to overall and healthful plant-based diets was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas decreased adherence to such diets was associated with a higher risk.
Importancia atribuida en la Región Oriental de El Salvador a las competencias en administración de empresas consideradas por Tuning Latinoamérica
Authors: Iglesias Reyes Emilio Arnoldo , Chang López Roberto Enrique 
Published: January 2021

El mundo del trabajo ha estado experimentando cambios debido a la globalización y al desarrollo tecnológico, lo que ha provocado en los profesionales la necesidad de estar interconectados e interdependientes. A esta situación se ha sumado la pandemia de covid-19, que ha exigido potenciar las competencias en el uso de plataformas virtuales y digitales para el trabajo en la modalidad no presencial o a distancia. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue proponer una metodología para evaluar la pertinencia del plan de estudio de la carrera de Administración de Empresas y la congruencia de las competencias que adquieren los graduados con respecto a las percepciones de los grupos de interés en la Región Oriental de El Salvador.
Se trata de una investigación en la episteme positivista de la ciencia, con un enfoque con énfasis en el paradigma cuantitativo en la que participaron graduados entre los años 2010-2015, docentes y empresarios, a los cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario adaptado del Proyecto Tuning América Latina para determinar la importancia que confieren a las competencias genéricas para generar empleabilidad o capacidad de emprendimiento en los graduados en las condiciones del entorno laboral. El cuestionario aplicado fue sometido a pruebas para determinar si su diseño permitía un nivel de confiabilidad aceptable para recabar los datos que serían procesados estadísticamente y obtener la información para corroborar las hipótesis de la investigación. Los resultados demuestran una alta confiabilidad y validez con los estadísticos de alfa de Cronbach y de KMO de la metodología propuesta. La hipótesis nula de la prueba Kruskal-Wallis no se rechaza, lo que significa que los planes de estudio de la licenciatura en Administración están alineados según las percepciones de los empresarios, docentes y egresados. Como conclusión, la metodología propuesta puede servir de referencia para realizar estudios similares en diferentes contextos de la región con pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas para adaptar los planes de estudio de las carreras universitarias a sus respectivos entornos empresariales, los cuales son cada vez más dinámicos y demandantes.
A Systematic Comparative Analysis of Clustering Techniques
Authors: Gupta Satinder Bal , Yadav Rajkumar , Gupta Shivani 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Clustering has now become a very important tool to manage the data in many areas such as pattern recognition, machine learning, information retrieval etc. The database is increasing day by day and thus it is required to maintain the data in such a manner that useful information can easily be extracted and used accordingly. In this process, clustering plays an important role as it forms clusters of the data on the basis of similarity in data. There are more than hundred clustering methods and algorithms that can be used for mining the data but all these algorithms do not provide models for their clusters and thus it becomes difficult to categorise all of them. This paper describes the most commonly used and popular clustering techniques and also compares them on the basis of their merits, demerits and time complexity.
Survey on Risk Classification in Agile Software Development Projects in Latvia
Authors: Ņikiforova Oksana , Babris Kristaps , Kristapsons Jānis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Software development method, which does not have any faults or gaps in project implementation, has not been elaborated so far. Due to this reason, the authors have decided to perform this study to make it easier for the companies, which use one of the agile development methods, to better foresee potential risks and to deal with their consequences. The aim of the research is to identify and classify risks in agile software development methods and the related projects based on the obtained survey data. To achieve the goal, the authors have developed evaluation criteria, as well as implemented practical questionnaire in various software development companies. From the obtained survey data, the risks are classified according to various factors, i.e., the changing highest and lowest priorities and needs in various projects. Thus, the obtained research results can be applied in various areas of project development, changing the order of priority factors.
Definition and Validation of the Subset of SCORM Requirements for the Enhanced Reusability of Learning Content in Learning Management Systems
Authors: Petrovica Sintija , Anohina-Naumeca Alla , Kikans Andris 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, interoperability of learning management systems is still not very high. The authoring tools can help transfer e-learning content between different learning management systems. However, in this context, they should be able to produce learning content that is compliant with some industry standards. One of the most widely used standards is the SCORM 1.2 release. The research addresses the extension of the functionality of the previously developed content development tool EMMA by incorporating into it the support for the subset of SCORM 1.2 requirements. The paper describes the process of the acquisition, implementation, and validation of the defined requirements. Moreover, it presents the results of the analysis of 33 SCORM authoring tools and 16 SCORM players.
Quality assurance in Irish schools: Inspection and school self-evaluation
Authors: McNamara Gerry , O’Hara Joe , Brown Martin , Quinn Irene 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we provide an overview of the development of school inspection in Ireland over the past twenty years using the analytic and critical lens developed by Richard Boyle in partnership with the current authors. The paper is fundamentally a reflection on the nature, purpose and operation of evaluation in the Irish public sector through the lens of education. The paper provides a historical overview of developments in the linked areas of school evaluation and inspection, and goes on to explore how the implementation of this mode of quality assurance has influenced, and been influenced by, a wide range of policy actors. The argument made is that education has embedded a culture of evaluation in a unique yet systemically resonant manner and that a reflection on this reality will help illuminate our understanding of the role of evaluation across the public sector as a whole.
EGA for a Convective Regime Over a Vertical Cylinder Stretching Linearly
Authors: Vyas Paresh , Yadav Kusum 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article offers an analysis of entropy generated in mixed convection due to a vertical stretching cylinder placed in heat-generating fluid-saturated porous medium. The governing system of partial differential equations is subjected to a similarity transformation that results in boundary value problem (BVP) comprising ordinary differentials. The BVP solved numerically by Runge-Kutta integration scheme supplemented with shooting method provides momentum and thermal regimes which are readily exploited to enumerate entropy. The entropy distribution is traced and analysed for various parameters’ values.