bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A three‐step model for the gamification of training and automaticity acquisition
Authors: Jamshidifarsani Hossein , Tamayo‐Serrano Paul , Garbaya Samir , Lim Theodore 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTraining design for automatic skills has a vast domain of application, such as education, physical and cognitive rehabilitation, as well as sports, arts and professional training. Gamification concept used in technology‐assisted training has the potential to increase motivation, engagement and adherence to the training programme. Currently, the general gamification models of learning, did not take into account the temporal specificity of the game elements for automaticity acquisition training. In order to address this problem, an extensive overview of the key training attributes that impact automaticity acquisition was carried out. Then, based on this review, the three steps of a proposed model were presented. The first step of this model, named Task Analytics, helps with task‐specific training decisions. The second step provides descriptive and prescriptive approaches for the three phases of automaticity acquisition (fast learning, slow learning and automatization). The descriptive part characterizes each phase using psychological and performance‐related qualities, while the prescriptive part recommends the appropriate training elements for each phase. Based on the prescriptive part, a game‐design model is proposed in the third step, which classifies the game mechanics and maps them onto each phase of automaticity acquisition. Finally, to validate this approach, a mobile game was designed based on the proposed gamification model, and it was compared to control design. The two approaches are tested with 49 participants. The results showed that the experimental group had a significantly better engagement and higher performance. Furthermore, the experimental group showed significantly better performance in a multitasking challenge designed to evaluate the automaticity. The main contribution of this article is the proposed game design model that takes into account the temporal specificity of game elements during the acquisition of automaticity.
A novel hypoxia gene signature indicates prognosis and immune microenvironments characters in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Qiangnu , Qiao Lijun , Liao Juan , Liu Quan , Liu Pengyu , Liu Liping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDue to the lack of a suitable gene signature, it is difficult to assess the hypoxic exposure of HCC tissues. The clinical value of assessing hypoxia in HCC is short of tissue‐level evidence. We tried to establish a robust and HCC‐suitable hypoxia signature using microarray analysis and a robust rank aggregation algorithm. Based on the hypoxia signature, we obtained a hypoxia‐associated HCC subtypes system using unsupervised hierarchical clustering and a hypoxia score system was provided using gene set variation analysis. A novel signature containing 21 stable hypoxia‐related genes was constructed to effectively indicate the exposure of hypoxia in HCC tissues. The signature was validated by qRT‐PCR and compared with other published hypoxia signatures in multiple large‐size HCC cohorts. The subtype of HCC derived from this signature had different prognosis and other clinical characteristics. The hypoxia score obtained from the signature could be used to indicate clinical characteristics and predict prognoses of HCC patients. Moreover, we reveal a landscape of immune microenvironments in patients with different hypoxia score. In conclusion, we identified a novel HCC‐suitable 21‐gene hypoxia signature that could be used to estimate the hypoxia exposure in HCC tissues and indicated prognosis and a series of important clinical features in HCCs. It may enable the development of personalized counselling or treatment strategies for HCC patients with different levels of hypoxia exposure.
Lower bone mineral density and higher bone resorption marker levels in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes in Japan
Authors: Yoshioka Fumi , Nirengi Shinsuke , Murata Takashi , Kawaguchi Yaeko , Watanabe Tomokazu , Saeki Kunio , Yoshioka Muneto , Sakane Naoki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionType 1 diabetes is associated with poorer bone quality. Quantitative ultrasound provides an estimate of bone mineral density (BMD) and can also be used to evaluate bone quality, which is associated with an increased fracture risk in people with type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between menopausal status and a bone turnover marker with heel BMD using quantitative ultrasound in women with type 1 diabetes and age‐ and body mass index‐matched controls.Materials and MethodsA total of 124 individuals recruited in Kyoto and Osaka, Japan – 62 women with type 1 diabetes (mean age 47.2 ± 17.3 years) and 62 age‐, menopausal status‐, sex‐ and body mass index‐matched non‐diabetic control individuals (mean age 47.3 ± 16.3 years) – were enrolled in this study. Heel BMD in the calcaneus was evaluated using ultrasonography (AOS‐100NW, Hitachi‐Aloka Medical, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). A bone turnover marker was also measured.ResultsThe heel BMD Z‐score was significantly lower in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes than in the premenopausal control group, but not in postmenopausal women with type 1 diabetes. Levels of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐5b, a bone resorption marker, were significantly higher in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes than in the premenopausal control group, but not in postmenopausal women with type 1 diabetes. The whole parathyroid hormone level was significantly lower in both pre‐ and postmenopausal women with type 1 diabetes.ConclusionsLower heel BMD, higher tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐5b level and lower parathyroid hormone were observed in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes. Premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes require osteoporosis precautions for postmenopause.
Economic Policy Uncertainty and Bond Risk Premia
Authors: IOANNIDIS CHRISTOS , KA KOOK 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study the forecasting power of economic uncertainty about government policy for future bond returns. Using the economic policy uncertainty measure () developed by Baker, Bloom, and Davis (2016), we investigate its relationship to expected bond returns. The impact of the is shown to be large for earlier maturities at shorter investment horizons. Estimating an affine term structure model incorporating the , we show that term premia estimates from this model with this additional pricing factor exhibit higher fluctuations and move closely with the variations in observed yields. The implied term premia show strong countercyclical movements, hence better explaining higher risk compensation under adverse economic conditions as expected by theory.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal low back pain among registered nurses: Results of an online survey
Authors: Gilchrist Andrea , Pokorná Andrea 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and the use of lifting aids and ergonomics among Czech registered nurses.BackgroundLow back pain is the most common occupational health problem affecting nurses. Frequent manual lifting of heavy loads, including patients, is one of the main duties of nursing staff, which causes compressive and shear forces on the vertebrae of the lower spine. Training in manual handling and lifting aids reduce the physical burden on the musculoskeletal system, thus decreasing work‐related back injuries and further back problems.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsThe online survey was distributed to 1460 randomly selected nurses involved in caring for patients. The survey comprised the extended version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and a self‐structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using STATA 15 at a significance level of 0.05.ResultsOf the 569 respondents, 84.7% reported high occurrence of LBP over the previous 12‐month period. The lower back was the most commonly reported body region for pain, followed by the neck, shoulders and upper back. LBP was found to occur significantly less among nursing staff who used mechanical lifting aids. Nurses with a higher level of education were found significantly more likely to use mechanical patient‐lifting equipment in their clinical practice.ConclusionsThe study findings show that LBP is a frequent problem among nurses and has highlighted a lack of organisational safety practices and culture in clinical nursing practice.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides valuable information about the extent of LBP among nurses with insufficient preventive measures or health and safety practices at work. The results provide useful baseline data for the Czech Republic, that may lead to increased awareness and therefore implementation of preventative strategies, and thus enable a reduction in the risk of back injuries among nursing professionals.
Understanding nurses’ perspectives of physical restraints during mechanical ventilation in intensive care: A qualitative study
Authors: Perez Dawn , Murphy Gillian , Wilkes Lesley , Peters Kath 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study explored the experiences of nurses using physical restraints on mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care.BackgroundPhysical restraints are frequently used to prevent treatment interference and maintain patient safety in intensive care units worldwide. However, physical restraints are found to be ineffective in preventing treatment interference and cause negative outcomes for patients. The practices surrounding physical restraints are inconsistent due to a lack of education, training and protocols.DesignThis research was conducted as a qualitative study with a naturalistic inquiry framework adhering to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines.MethodsTwelve in‐depth, semi‐structured conversations were conducted with registered nurses who have experience working in intensive care and have cared for patients who were physically restrained and mechanically ventilated. These conversations were audio‐recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsThree major themes emerged from the data. The themes were as follows: the ICU culture and its impacts on physical restraint practices; the consequences of physical restraints through a nursing lens; and understanding the ways of learning.ConclusionThe insights into the ICU culture, the nurses’ understanding of the consequences of physical restraints and the ways in which nurses learn physical restraint practices have provided a greater depth of knowledge and understanding of the realities of current practice in ICU. This new information demonstrates nurses’ understanding of the potential harm caused by physical restraints and the way in which current practices are guided more‐so by workplace norms and expectations rather than on critical thinking and decision‐making.Relevance to clinical practiceThese insights provide valuable information to intensive care clinicians, educators and policymakers to guide future practice and improve patient outcomes by highlighting the importance of education on physical restraint practices and informing the development of policies and guidelines.
Relationships between comprehensive characteristics of nurse work schedules and adverse patient outcomes: A systematic literature review
Authors: Bae Sung‐Heui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo review the comprehensive characteristics of adverse nurse work schedules and to synthesise the evidence of their relationships with adverse patient outcomes.BackgroundTo manage nurse shortages and fluctuations in patient censuses, nurses often work overtime. This increases nurses’ work hours and causes them to have fewer breaks. Such extended work schedules, long shift length, long weekly work hours and insufficient beaks can be considered as adverse nurse work schedules. Understanding how these adverse nurse work schedules affect patient outcomes is important to ensure patient safety.DesignA systematic review of nursing and healthcare literature was conducted in this study.MethodsEight electronic bibliographic databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, DBpia, EBSCO, PubMed, PsycINFO, RISS and Web of Science) were used to search research articles published from 2000 to 2019. The study selection process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA).ResultsFrom the search, 2,366 articles were identified, 22 of which were included in this review. Working more than 12 hours in a day had an adverse effect on patient outcomes, as was working more than 40 hours per week. There were mixed findings in the relationship between nurse overtime and adverse patient outcomes.ConclusionsThis study found a conclusive relationship between excessive nurse work hours and adverse patient outcomes. This review highlights the importance of managing adverse nurse schedules such as long daily and weekly work hours to improve patient safety and prevent adverse patient outcomes.Relevance to clinical practiceStudy findings support the importance of monitoring and regulating nurse work schedules and adverse scheduling practices to improve nurse well‐being and health and to prevent adverse patient outcomes.
Complex histories of gene flow and a mitochondrial capture event in a nonsister pair of birds
Authors: Andersen Michael J. , McCullough Jenna M. , Gyllenhaal Ethan F. , Mapel Xena M. , Haryoko Tri , Jønsson Knud A. , Joseph Leo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHybridization, introgression, and reciprocal gene flow during speciation, specifically the generation of mitonuclear discordance, are increasingly observed as parts of the speciation process. Genomic approaches provide insight into where, when, and how adaptation operates during and after speciation and can measure historical and modern introgression. Whether adaptive or neutral in origin, hybridization can cause mitonuclear discordance by placing the mitochondrial genome of one species (or population) in the nuclear background of another species. The latter, introgressed species may eventually have its own mtDNA replaced or “captured” by other species across its entire geographical range. Intermediate stages in the capture process should be observable. Two nonsister species of Australasian monarch‐flycatchers, Spectacled Monarch (Symposiachrus trivirgatus) mostly of Australia and Indonesia and Spot‐winged Monarch (S. guttula) of New Guinea, present an opportunity to observe this process. We analysed thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from ultraconserved elements of all subspecies of both species. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of Australian populations ofS. trivirgatusform two paraphyletic clades, one being sister to and presumably introgressed byS. guttuladespite little nuclear signal of introgression. Population genetic analyses (e.g., tests for modern and historical gene flow and selection) support at least one historical gene flow event betweenS. guttulaand AustralianS. trivirgatus. We also uncovered introgression from the Maluku Islands subspecies ofS. trivirgatusinto an island population ofS. guttula, resulting in apparent nuclear paraphyly. We find that neutral demographic processes, not adaptive introgression, are the most likely cause of these complex population histories. We suggest that a Pleistocene extinction ofS. guttulafrom mainland Australia resulted from range expansion byS. trivirgatus.
On the Time‐Varying Effects of Economic Policy Uncertainty on the US Economy
Authors: Prüser Jan , Schlösser Alexander 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study the impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) on the US Economy by using a VAR with time‐varying coefficients. The coefficients are allowed to evolve gradually over time which allows us to discover structural changes without imposing them a priori. We find three different regimes, which match the three major periods of the US economy, namely the Great Inflation, the Great Moderation and the Great Recession. The initial impact on real GDP ranges between −0.2% for the Great Inflation and Great Recession and −0.15% for the Great Moderation. In addition, the adverse effects of EPU are more persistent during the Great Recession providing an explanation for the slow recovery. This regime dependence is unique for EPU as the macroeconomic consequences of Financial Uncertainty turn out to be rather time invariant.
High strain rate elasto‐plasticity identification using the image‐based inertial impact (IBII) test part 2: Experimental validation
Authors: Fletcher Lloyd , Davis Frances , Dreuilhe Sarah , Marek Aleksander , Pierron Fabrice 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCurrent high strain rate testing techniques typically rely on the split‐Hopkinson bar (SHB). The early response in an SHB test is corrupted by inertia making it difficult to accurately characterise the transition from elasticity to plasticity for metals. Therefore, a new test method is required. This article is the second in a two‐part series which aims at developing a new high strain rate test for elasto‐plasticity identification using the image‐based inertial impact (IBII) method. The goal of this article is to validate the new method experimentally using IBII tests on aluminium 6082‐T6 (minimal rate sensitivity) and stainless steel 316L (rate sensitive). Comparison of the quasi‐static and dynamic stress–strain curves for the aluminium case showed minimal difference providing experimental validation of the method. The same comparison for the steel showed that the method was able to detect rate sensitivity.
Digital Twins: Review and Challenges
Authors: Juarez Maria G. , Botti Vicente J. , Giret Adriana S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the arises of Industry 4.0, numerous concepts have emerged; one of the main concepts is the digital twin (DT). DT is being widely used nowadays, however, as there are several uses in the existing literature; the understanding of the concept and its functioning can be diffuse. The main goal of this paper is to provide a review of the existing literature to clarify the concept, operation, and main characteristics of DT, to introduce the most current operating, communication, and usage trends related to this technology, and to present the performance of the synergy between DT and multi-agent system (MAS) technologies through a computer science approach.
Simulation-Based Hybrid Optimization Method for the Digital Twin of Garment Production Lines
Authors: Jung Woo-Kyun , Park Young-Chul , Lee Jae-Won , Suh Eun Suk 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImplementing digital transformation in the garment industry is very difficult, owing to its labor-intensive structural characteristics. Further, the productivity of a garment production system is considerably influenced by a combination of processes and operators. This study proposes a simulation-based hybrid optimization method to maximize the productivity of a garment production line. The simulation reflects the actual site characteristics, i.e., process and operator level indices, and the optimization process reflects constraints based on expert knowledge. The optimization process derives an optimal operator sequence through a genetic algorithm (GA) and sequentially removes bottlenecks through workload analysis based on the results. The proposed simulation optimization (SO) method improved productivity by ∼67.4%, which is 52.3% higher than that obtained by the existing meta-heuristic algorithm. The correlation between workload and production was verified by analyzing the workload change trends. This study holds significance because it presents a new simulation-based optimization model that further applies the workload distribution method by eliminating bottlenecks and digitizing garment production lines.
Optimization of an Organic Rankine Cycle-Based Waste Heat Recovery System Using a Novel Target-Temperature-Line Approach
Authors: Haq Md. Zahurul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Organic Rankine cycle (ORC)-based waste heat recovery (WHR) systems are simple, flexible, economical, and environment-friendly. Many working fluids and cycle configurations are available for WHR systems, and the diversity of working fluid properties complicates the synergistic integration of the efficient heat exchange in the evaporator and net output work. Unique guidelines to select a proper working fluid, cycle configuration and optimum operating parameters are not readily available. In the present study, a simple target-temperature-line approach is introduced to get the optimum operating parameters for the subcritical ORC system. The target-line is the locus of temperatures satisfying the pinch-point temperature difference along the length of the heat exchanger. Employing the approach, study is carried out with 38 pre-selected working fluids to get the optimum operating parameters and suitable fluid for heat source temperatures ranging from 100 °C to 300 °C. Results obtained are analyzed to get cross-correlations between key operating and performance parameters using a heat-map diagram. At the optimum condition, optimal working fluid’s critical temperature and pressure, evaporator saturation temperature, effectivenesses of the heat exchange in the evaporator, cycle, and overall WHR system exhibit strong linear correlations with the heat source temperature.
Anisotropy of Reynolds Stress Tensor in Combined Wave–Current Flow
Authors: Singh Santosh Kumar , Raushan Pankaj Kumar , Kumar Pankaj , Debnath Koustuv 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study examines the turbulent stress anisotropy tensor based on the Lumley triangle technique and eigenvalues in wave–current combined flows. The invariant functions are also presented at a different vertical location from the bed to comprehend the level of anisotropy in the combined flow. The spectral variation of the ratio of momentum flux to the turbulent kinetic energy is examined and discussed in comparison to the canonical value. The combined wave–current data display spectral variation considerably smaller than the canonical value (≈ 0.3) through the spectral frequencies domain. To characterize the behaviors of eddies in the wave–current turbulent flow, the Taylor and Kolmogorov length and time scales were analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, to enumerate the degree of organization of complex eddy motions in the combined flow, the normalized Shannon entropy is also evaluated using a discrete probability distribution.
Hydrodynamic Investigation of a Novel Concept of Oscillating Water Column Type Wave Energy Converter Device
Authors: Rezanejad Kourosh , Guedes Soares Carlos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe hydrodynamic performance of a novel and efficient concept of a floating oscillating water column device has been investigated. The new concept consists of two chambers. These chambers are positioned on the upstream (fore chamber) and on the downstream (rear chamber) of the incident wave direction. The rear chamber acts mainly similar to a backward bent duct buoy system, while the design of the fore chamber follows conventional types of oscillating water column systems with the harbor plates (bottom plates and side plates) elongated outside of the fore chamber. The primary efficiency of the devised concept has been investigated in the frequency domain. In this context, to solve the corresponding diffraction and radiation problems due to the influence of the air pressure inside the chambers as well as motions of the body, an in-house code has been developed in two-dimensional using the boundary element method based on the linear wave theory. The obtained numerical results show that the introduced concept has advanced hydrodynamic efficiency in a broad range of waves.