bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative assessment of the challenges faced by the solar energy industry in Ethiopia before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gebreslassie Mulualem G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is having an unprecedented impact on social, economic, and political situations of all countries around the world with no sight to its end. Business sectors such as solar distributors, which have been instrumental in supporting the governments' ambitious universal electrification programs, have been negatively affected by the pandemic. The main aim of this paper is therefore to explore and conduct a comparative assessment before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic of the key challenges of solar‐based businesses in Ethiopia focusing on the distributors and installers and to provide policy recommendations. Qualitative and quantitative assessments were employed during this study. The results show that before the pandemic, finding a skilled workforce, gaining a technical knowledge of the technology, competing in the market, and lack of consumer awareness and initial investment were the key challenges. The importation of solar technologies has been halted by the arrival of the COVID‐19 exacerbating existing challenges and threatening the very existence of the businesses. The impact of the pandemic on income levels of end‐users of solar technologies, together with the lack of sufficient supply of technologies to the businesses, most of the businesses are forced to lay off their employees deepening the unemployment rate and, in some cases, forcing businesses to be closed. These circumstances affect economic development and dents the progress made so far in facilitating energy access to remote communities. To protect these vulnerable but very essential small businesses, necessary interventions are recommended.This article is categorized under:
Photovoltaics > Economics and Policy
TOOP Pilot Experiences: Challenges and Achievements in Implementing Once-Only in Different Domains and Member States
Authors: Prentza Andriana , Mitzman David , Ehastu Madis , Leontaridis Lefteris 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Once-Only Principle (OOP) enables public administrations to support citizen and business life-cycle oriented issues as opposed to mere integration of administrative systems designed to serve bureaucratic ends. The Once-Only Principle project (TOOP) was funded by the EU Program Horizon 2020, with the aim to explore and demonstrate the OOP through multiple sustainable pilots in different domains, using a federated architecture on a cross-border collaborative pan-European scale, enabling the connection of different registries and architectures in different countries for better exchange of information across public administrations. The different pilot domains (eProcurement, Maritime and General Business Mobility) identified potential use cases suitable to show the OOP, defined the goals and expected benefits of TOOP based on motivational scenarios and process analyses and provided requirements to the TOOP Reference and Solution Architectures. Especially for the General Business Mobility domain requirements were provided also from the Single Digital Gateway Regulation. These requirements guided the development of the TOOP specifications and the TOOP components, the Member States deployed the TOOP specifications and components and participated in different connectathons demonstrating the OOP.
Vacuum thermal effects in flat space-time from conformal quantum mechanics
Authors: Arzano Michele 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The generators of radial conformal symmetries in Minkowski space-time can be mapped to the generators of time evolution in conformal quantum mechanics. Within this correspondence we show that in conformal quantum mechanics the state associated to the inertial vacuum in Minkowski space-time has the structure of a thermofield double. Such state is built from a bipartite “vacuum state”, the ground state of the generators of hyperbolic time evolution, which cover only part of the time domain. When time evolution is restricted to a finite time domain one obtains the temperature perceived by static diamond observers in the Minkowski vacuum. When time evolution is determined by dilations, covering only half of the time line, the temperature of the thermofield double corresponds to the non-vanishing temperature perceived by Milne observers whose proper time evolution is confined to the future cone (Milne universe) of Minkowski space-time. The two pictures are related by a conformal transformation on the real line. Our result provides a purely group theoretical derivation of the Milne and diamond temperatures and shows that the fundamental ingredient for vacuum thermal effects is the presence of a horizon rather than acceleration.
Gromov–Witten theory of K3 surfaces and a Kaneko–Zagier equation for Jacobi forms
Authors: van Ittersum Jan-Willem , Oberdieck Georg , Pixton Aaron 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe prove the existence of quasi-Jacobi form solutions for an analogue of the Kaneko–Zagier differential equation for Jacobi forms. The transformation properties of the solutions under the Jacobi group are derived. A special feature of the solutions is the polynomial dependence of the index parameter. The results yield an explicit conjectural description for all double ramification cycle integrals in the Gromov–Witten theory of K3 surfaces.
A new short-faced archosauriform from the Upper Triassic Placerias/Downs’ quarry complex, Arizona, USA, expands the morphological diversity of the Triassic archosauriform radiation
Authors: Heckert Andrew B. , Nesbitt Sterling J. , Stocker Michelle R. , Schneider Vince P. , Hoffman Devin K. , Zimmer Brian W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Placerias/Downs’ Quarry complex in eastern Arizona, USA, is the most diverse Upper Triassic vertebrate locality known. We report a new short-faced archosauriform, Syntomiprosopus sucherorum gen. et sp. nov., represented by four incomplete mandibles, that expands that diversity with a morphology unique among Late Triassic archosauriforms. The most distinctive feature of Syntomiprosopus gen. nov. is its anteroposteriorly short, robust mandible with 3–4 anterior, a larger caniniform, and 1–3 “postcanine” alveoli. The size and shape of the alveoli and the preserved tips of replacement teeth preclude assignment to any taxon known only from teeth. Additional autapomorphies of S. sucherorum gen. et sp. nov. include a large fossa associated with the mandibular fenestra, an interdigitating suture of the surangular with the dentary, fine texture ornamenting the medial surface of the splenial, and a surangular ridge that completes a 90° arc. The external surfaces of the mandibles bear shallow, densely packed, irregular, fine pits and narrow, arcuate grooves. This combination of character states allows an archosauriform assignment; however, an associated and similarly sized braincase indicates that Syntomiprosopus n. gen. may represent previously unsampled disparity in early-diverging crocodylomorphs. The Placerias Quarry is Adamanian (Norian, maximum depositional age ~219 Ma), and this specimen appears to be an early example of shortening of the skull, which occurs later in diverse archosaur lineages, including the Late Cretaceous crocodyliform Simosuchus. This is another case where Triassic archosauriforms occupied morphospace converged upon by other archosaurs later in the Mesozoic and further demonstrates that even well-sampled localities can yield new taxa.
Augmented reality through head-mounted display for navigation of baseplate component placement in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a cadaveric study
Authors: Kriechling Philipp , Loucas Rafael , Loucas Marios , Casari Fabio , Fürnstahl Philipp , Wieser Karl 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
To achieve an optimal clinical outcome in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), accurate placement of the components is essential. The recently introduced navigation technology of augmented reality (AR) through head-mounted displays (HMD) offers a promising new approach to visualize the anatomy and navigate component positioning in various orthopedic surgeries. We hypothesized that AR through HMD is feasible, reliable, and accurate for guidewire placement in RSA baseplate positioning.

Methods
Twelve human cadaver shoulders were scanned with computed tomography (CT) and RSA baseplate positioning was 3-D planned using dedicated software. The shoulders were prepared through a deltopectoral approach and an augmented reality hologram was superimposed using the HMD Microsoft HoloLense. The central guidewire was then navigated through the HMD to achieve the planned entry point and trajectory. Postoperatively, the shoulders were CT-scanned a second time and the deviation from the planning was calculated.

Results
The mean deviation of the entry point was 3.5 mm  ± 1.7 mm (95% CI 2.4 mm; 4.6 mm). The mean deviation of the planned trajectory was 3.8°  ± 1.7° (95% CI 2.6°; 4.9°).

Conclusion
Augmented reality seems feasible and reliable for baseplate guidewire positioning in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The achieved values were accurate.
Distribution of two isoforms of tryptophan hydroxylase in the brain of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). An in situ hybridization study
Authors: Chivite Mauro , Leal Esther , Míguez Jesús M. , Cerdá-Reverter Jose Miguel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSerotonin (5-HT) is one of the principal neurotransmitters in the nervous system of vertebrates. It is initially synthesized by hydroxylation of tryptophan (Trp) by means of tryptophan hydroxylase or TPH which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of 5-HT. In most vertebrates, there are two isoforms of TPH present, TPH1 and TPH2, which exhibit different catalytic or substrate specificity as well as different expression domains. Studies carried out in mammals show that only tph2 is expressed in the brain whereas tph1-mRNA is primarily localized in the enterochromaffin cells and pineal gland. A large number of neurons are also considered to be serotonergic or “pseudo-serotonergic” as they accumulate and release 5-HT yet do not produce it as no amine-synthetic enzymes are expressed, yet a combination of 5-HT transporters is observed. Therefore, tph expression is considered to be the only specific marker of 5-HT-producing neurons that can discriminate true 5-HT from pseudo-serotonergic neurons. This work examined in situ hybridization to study the mRNA distribution of one paralogue for tph1 and tph2 in the central nervous system of rainbow trout. Results show a segregated expression for both paralogues that predominantly match previous immunocytochemical studies. This study thus adds valuable information to the scarce analyses focusing on the central distribution of the expression of serotonergic markers, particularly tphs, in the vertebrate brain thus characterizing the true serotonergic brain territories.
Global DNA methylation and cellular 5-methylcytosine and H4 acetylated patterns in primary and secondary dormant seeds of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (shepherd’s purse)
Authors: Gomez-Cabellos Sara , Toorop Peter E. , Cañal María Jesús , Iannetta Pietro P. M. , Fernández-Pascual Eduardo , Pritchard Hugh W. , Visscher Anne M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite the importance of dormancy and dormancy cycling for plants’ fitness and life cycle phenology, a comprehensive characterization of the global and cellular epigenetic patterns across space and time in different seed dormancy states is lacking. Using Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (shepherd’s purse) seeds with primary and secondary dormancy, we investigated the dynamics of global genomic DNA methylation and explored the spatio-temporal distribution of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and histone H4 acetylated (H4Ac) epigenetic marks. Seeds were imbibed at 30 °C in a light regime to maintain primary dormancy, or in darkness to induce secondary dormancy. An ELISA-based method was used to quantify DNA methylation, in relation to total genomic cytosines. Immunolocalization of 5-mC and H4Ac within whole seeds (i.e., including testa) was assessed with reference to embryo anatomy. Global DNA methylation levels were highest in prolonged (14 days) imbibed primary dormant seeds, with more 5-mC marked nuclei present only in specific parts of the seed (e.g., SAM and cotyledons). In secondary dormant seeds, global methylation levels and 5-mC signal where higher at 3 and 7 days than 1 or 14 days. With respect to acetylation, seeds had fewer H4Ac marked nuclei (e.g., SAM) in deeper dormant states, for both types of dormancy. However, the RAM still showed signal after 14 days of imbibition under dormancy-inducing conditions, suggesting a central role for the radicle/RAM in the response to perceived ambient changes and the adjustment of the seed dormancy state. Thus, we show that seed dormancy involves extensive cellular remodeling of DNA methylation and H4 acetylation.
Subjektive Sicherheit zur Steigerung der Akzeptanz des automatisierten und vernetzten Fahrens
Authors: Drewitz Uwe , Wilbrink Marc , Oehl Michael , Jipp Meike , Ihme Klas 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungEin wichtiger Faktor für die Akzeptanz und damit die Verbreitung automatisierten und vernetzten Fahrens (AVF) ist der Grad der subjektiven Unsicherheit (Ungewissheit), den Nutzende bei der Interaktion mit automatisierten Fahrzeugen empfinden. Subjektive Unsicherheiten treten immer dann auf, wenn Personen aufgrund fehlender Erfahrung oder fehlender Informationen nicht in der Lage sind, den weiteren Verlauf einer Situation oder zukünftige Ereignisse vorherzusagen. Treten bei der Nutzung automatisierter Fahrzeuge solche Unsicherheiten auf, wird die Herausbildung von Vertrauen und damit von Akzeptanz für diese Technologie durch die Unsicherheit begleitende negative Emotionen beeinträchtigt. Im Rahmen des Projekts AutoAkzept (Automatisierung ohne Unsicherheit zur Erhöhung der Akzeptanz Automatisierten und Vernetzten Fahrens) wurden Lösungen für nutzerfokussierte Automatisierung entwickelt, die Fahrzeuginsassen in den Mittelpunkt der Systementwicklung stellen. Nutzerfokussierte Systeme berücksichtigen in der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion zwei grundlegende menschliche Bedürfnisse, das Bedürfnis, zu verstehen (need to understand) und das Bedürfnis, verstanden zu werden (need to be understood). Dazu setzen nutzerfokussierte Systeme verschiedene Sensoren ein, um subjektive Unsicherheiten und ihre Einflussfaktoren in Echtzeit zu erkennen, diese Informationen mit Kontextdaten zu integrieren und Anpassungen vorzunehmen, die subjektive Unsicherheiten reduzieren. Die systemischen Anpassungen nutzerfokussierter Systeme folgen dabei einem ganzheitlichen Ansatz und berücksichtigen die Ebenen der Fahrzeugführung, der Interieuranpassung und Informationsdarbietung sowie der Zielführung. Durch die Reduzierung oder Vermeidung subjektiver Unsicherheiten unterstützen die Entwicklungen des Projekts eine positive, komfortable Benutzererfahrung und tragen zur Erhöhung der Akzeptanz von AVF bei. Die Arbeit präsentiert hierzu Forschungsergebnisse von AutoAkzept zu den Themen Zustands- und Aktivitätsmodellierung von Nutzenden sowie bedarfsgerechte Adaptionsstrategien, die einzelne Lösungsbausteine für die Umsetzung nutzerfokussierter Automation bilden.
Spatially explicit assessment of forest road suitability for timber extraction and hauling in Switzerland
Authors: Fraefel Marielle , Bont Leo G. , Fischer Christoph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEfficient forest management, and wood production in particular, requires a forest road network of appropriate density and bearing capacity. The road network affects the choice of a suitable extraction method and the length of the transport route from the forest, while the road standard defines the truck type that can be used.We evaluate the forest road network’s economic suitability for harvesting operations in the entire Swiss forest, an area of about 13,000 km2 covering a range of topographies, based on the Swiss National Forest Inventory’s (NFI) forest road dataset. This dataset is based on information from an interview survey with the local forest services and includes all forest roads in Switzerland capable of carrying trucks. Extraction options and hauling routes are analysed together; thus, the entire logging process is examined.Model results include maps of the most suitable extraction method; extraction costs; hauling costs; and a suitability map based on a combination of the results. While the larger part of the Swiss forest is classified as “suitable” for economic harvesting operations, significant portions also fall into the “limited suitability” and “not suitable” categories. Our analysis provides an objective, country-wide, spatially explicit assessment of timber accessibility. The resulting suitability map helps identify areas where timber harvesting is economic using the current forest road network, and where it is not. The model results can be used in road network planning and management, for example, by comparing road-network re-design scenarios, and compared to the spatial distribution of available wood volume.
Does the American mink displace the European polecat? A need for more research on interspecific competition between invasive and native species
Authors: Brzeziński Marcin , Zarzycka Aleksandra , Diserens Tom A. , Zalewski Andrzej 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroduced alien species can negatively affect native competitors by reducing their populations or eliminating them from ecosystems. However, studies do not always find evidence for anticipated impacts, and changes in native populations can be difficult to estimate. Interactions between the invasive American mink Neovison vison and native European polecat Mustela putorius have been studied in several countries, but the mink’s impact on polecat populations at a large spatiotemporal scale remains unclear. In the years 1995–2018, we live-trapped mink and polecats at 60 study sites in Poland, and we analysed hunting bags of mink and polecats from the years 2009–2018. During 13,766 trap-nights, we captured 905 individuals. Mink comprised 91.2% and polecats 8.8% of trapped animals. The mean mink and polecat trappability was 6 and 0.6 individuals per 100 trap-nights, respectively. At rivers, polecat and mink trappability were negatively correlated, whereas at lakes, they were not correlated. The sex ratio of trapped polecats was more skewed toward males than that of mink. Mink comprised 63.6% and polecats 36.4% of 59,831 animals killed by hunters. Over 10 years, the numbers of mink shot annually increased slightly, whereas the numbers of polecat decreased slightly. There was a positive correlation between numbers of mink and polecats shot annually. We found weak evidence that at a large spatiotemporal scale, the invasion of mink has led to a decline in polecat numbers. Although the datasets we analysed were based on large samples, they were insufficient to show evidence of competitive interactions between these two mustelids.
Emotions in Covid-19 Twitter discourse following the introduction of social contact restrictions in Central Europe
Authors: Hanschmidt Franz , Kersting Anette 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aim
Non-pharmaceutical interventions such as lockdowns have played a critical role in preventing the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, but may increase psychological burden. This study sought to examine emotions reflected in social media discourse following the introduction of social contact restrictions in Central Europe.

Subjects and methods
German-language Twitter posts containing ‘#corona’ and ‘#covid-19’ were collected between 2020/03/18 – 2020/04/24. A total of 79,760 tweets were included in the final analysis. Rates of expressions of positive emotion, anxiety, sadness and anger were compared over time. Bi-term topic models were applied to extract topics of discussion and examine association with emotions.

Results
Rates of anxiety, sadness and positive emotion decreased in the period following the introduction of social contact restrictions. A total of 16 topics were associated with emotions, which related to four general themes: social contact restrictions, life during lockdown, infection-related issues, and impact of the pandemic on public and private life. Several unique patterns of association between topics and emotions emerged.

Conclusion
Results suggest decreasing polarity of emotions among the public following the introduction of social contact restrictions. Monitoring of social media activity may prove beneficial for an adaptive understanding of changing public concerns during the Covid-19 pandemic.
National Action Plan Health Literacy in Germany origin, development and structure
Authors: Schaeffer Doris , Gille Svea , Vogt Dominique , Hurrelmann Klaus 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aim
Health literacy has gained increasing importance worldwide. As a result of several studies indicating low health literacy levels in large parts of the population, strategies and action plans promoting health literacy were developed in many countries. The article analyses the origin, development and structure of the German Health Literacy Action Plan.

Subject and methods
In 2016, a civil society initiative was formed, aiming at developing a national action plan in an expert-based and collaborative manner. A group of 15 experts elaborated the core elements of the action plan, based on a literature review on existing health literacy approaches, action plans and empirical evidence. These core elements were further developed collaboratively in workshops with key stakeholders, self-help and patient organizations and individual consultation meetings. Afterwards, the National Action Plan was reviewed and previously formulated recommendations were refined before being published.

Results and conclusion
The National Action Plan Health Literacy in Germany presents 15 recommendations in four areas of action for promoting health literacy in Germany. This bottom-up strategy and the expert-based yet at the same time collaborative approach have proved to be successful when developing a national action plan.
Haptic-enabled collaborative learning in virtual reality for schools
Authors: Webb Mary , Tracey Megan , Harwin William , Tokatli Ozan , Hwang Faustina , Johnson Ros , Barrett Natasha , Jones Chris 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper reports on a study which designed and developed a multi-fingered haptic interface in conjunction with a three-dimensional (3D) virtual model of a section of the cell membrane in order to enable students to work collaboratively to learn cell biology. Furthermore, the study investigated whether the addition of haptic feedback to the 3D virtual reality (VR) simulation affected learning of key concepts in nanoscale cell biology for students aged 12 to 13. The haptic interface was designed so that the haptic feedback could be turned on or switched off. Students (N = 64), in two secondary schools, worked in pairs, on activities designed to support learning of specific difficult concepts. Findings from observation of the activities and interviews revealed that students believed that being immersed in the 3D VR environment and being able to feel structures and movements within the model and work collaboratively assisted their learning. More specifically, the pilot/co-pilot model that we developed was successful for enabling collaborative learning and reducing the isolating effects of immersion with a 3D headset. Results of pre and post-tests of conceptual knowledge showed significant knowledge gains but addition of haptic feedback did not affect the knowledge gains significantly. The study enabled identification of important issues to consider when designing and using haptic-enabled 3D VR environments for collaborative learning.