bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Justification of Safe Operation of Rolling Stock by the Lifetime of Its Bearing Structures
Authors: Oganyan E S , Volohov G M , Gasyuk A S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The problem of providing strength and reliability of rolling stock bearing structures which include welded and cast parts of bogie frames and bodies of cars and locomotives, as well as brackets and attachment points for their equipment and traction drive units, is one of the most important in the design, construction and operation. The development of high-speed and heavy-haul traffic, as well as the introduction of requirements for determining the design service life and life time of railway transport facilities, make the above task even more urgent. The influence of the operational loading characteristics of the object on the safety factor of fatigue strength and its depletion: amplitudes of cyclic stresses, frequencies of their change, parameters characterizing the intensity of the rolling stock operation (number of loading cycles, speed of movement, average daily mileage) is shown based on the results of computational and experimental studies carried out with running dynamic and strength tests of locomotives at all operating speeds of their movement in operation.
Calculation of Inter-Column Slabs Bearing Capacity by Kinematic Method
Authors: Pavlikov A M , Harkava O V , Pinchuk N M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The method of bearing capacity calculation of the inter-column slabs of flat slab frame system is developed by a kinematic way based on the ultimate equilibrium method. The basis of the study is the kinematic method of the limit equilibrium method and its application to calculate the load-bearing capacity of the inter-column slab in flat slab structural system, as well as to select the area of the working reinforcement. Attention is also paid to establishing the location of the lines of plastic hinges formation.
Lothenbach’s Model of Von Mises Stress Distribution in Portland Cement in Curing and Temperature Gradient Conditions
Authors: Abzaev Yu A , Gnyrya A I , Korobkov S V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the two-dimensional Lothenbach’s model of Portland cement curing based on the finite element method. The cement curing lasts for 7 days in the temperature gradient conditions ranging from 65 to −20 °C. A cement rod 7×70 cm in size is used for modelling the temperature and von Mises stress distributions. It is shown that in the temperature gradient and curing conditions, the stress maximum in Portland cement shifts toward the hot edge of the cement rod and exceeds the minimum stress level more than two times. The stress growth is significant at the interfaces between the concrete timber and the cement rod, especially at its cold edge. Such a distribution of von Mises stress is connected with the heat flow generation and their superposition with reverse heat flows. At the interfaces, superposition of the negative heat flows generates higher stresses, than superposition of the positive heat flows. The concrete timber and the interface stability are the additional factors that increase the stress level and contribute to the fracture of the pore walls.
Research of the Degradation Process of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Varlamov A A , Rimshin V I , Davydov A , Minnatov A R , Kurbatov A M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The various impact on the durability of concrete and reinforced concrete structures is determined. Three groups of factors are identified that affect the assessment of the durability of reinforced concrete: a) elastic, b) strength, c) crack strength. Based on the analysis, the determining influence of the crack strength factor on concrete degradation was identified. A new method is proposed based on the analysis of existing methods for determining the characteristics of concrete crack strength. The method allows evaluating the crack strength (fracture toughness) of concrete and reinforced concrete structures in any of their conditions. (A method is proposed and a description of samples for implementing the method is given.) Standard formulas were used to evaluate characteristics of crack strength based on prismatic specimens extracted from concrete. Comparative tests of samples were carried out according to the known and proposed method. The obtained characteristics are used to assess the condition and durability of buildings and structures.
Forming Typical School Architecture in the USSR Depending on Educational System Development Process
Authors: Zadvernyuk L V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the 20th century a design of schools in Russia was subject to critical transformations. Each of them was a response to the development of the system of a comprehensive secondary education. The architecture of school buildings also transformed and changed from the comprehensive schools for the vocational profession training to complex educational institutions with a flexible layout. The objective of the research is to identify the dependence of school architecture on the needs of the state education system. The analysis of correlation processes between the education system and volumetric&spatial composition in the architecture of school buildings (exemplified by typical projects) allows showing the architectural practice response to the education system needs. The development of the unified school architecture in the USSR is justified not only from the positions of economic profit but also from the positions of a country-wide mass school construction. A school building model was formed in typical projects and was intended for providing a necessary space for everybody. The identified interdependence of the school education system and architecture today makes it possible to develop a modern invariant for a volumetric&spatial design of a school building accessible at every Russian region. The issues of modern unification of a
school space will be considered in the future research.
Developing Geo-Information System of Accessible Tourism for People with Disabilities
Authors: Gura D A , Gribkova I S , Lesovaya E D , Kiryunikova N M , Solodunov A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, special attention is paid to people with disabilities in the Russian Federation. More than 12 million people with disabilities live in Russia. The issue of transportation and accommodation of reduced mobility people is relevant. Due to that, a geo-information accessible tourism system for people with disabilities is suggested. It will be used to solve several relevant issues — transportation of such category of people, the active recreation and accessible tourism organization. There are two main problems of transportation of people with disabilities: the first issue relates to the physical unavailability of social infrastructure sites, the second issue is the absence of information about these sites for this category of citizens. The article describes the option to solve the issues mentioned above. This paper describes sports adapted for people with disabilities and advantages to use geo-information systems. The authors suggest the algorithms for making up a geo-information system for this category of people on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Computer Simulation of Electric Curing of In-Situ Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Gnyrya A I , Korobkov S V , Vodnev B S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of computer simulation of electric curing of in-situ reinforced concrete columns using the ELCUT Pro 6. 3 software. The purpose of this work is to solve the thermodynamic problem of electric curing under freezing temperatures. A block of a monolithic residence building under construction (Tomsk, Russia) is assumed as a basis. The importance of this research arises from the need to provide the temperature conditions for concrete curing and strength gain in winter. The initial parameters are introduced in the ELCUT Pro with the WinConcret add-in for the built structures. As a result, the rod electrode spacing is determined to provide a uniform distribution of temperature fields over the structure cross-section. The time of isothermal concrete heating and the concrete strength are identified depending on the outside temperature. Rationale is prepared for the mold heat insulation for in-situ reinforced concrete columns, depending on the outside temperature. Based on the ELCUT Pro simulation, the electric curing technique is proposed for reinforced concrete columns at freezing temperatures. This technique is deployed in on-site conditions.
Influence of the Porous Structure of a Cement Substrate on the Stress State of Coatings
Authors: Loganina V I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of a study of the effect of pores, unfilled with a paint composition, on cracking of paint coatings. A model for calculating stresses is presented. The effect of the discrete nature of the contact of the coating with the substrate on the distribution of internal stresses in the coating is established. The effect of the pore size on the substrate and the coating thickness on the values of internal stresses is shown. It was found that in the absence of cracking in the coating, the dependence of the stress on the pore diameter in the contact zone is practically not manifested. It is shown that at a coating thickness of more than 0.09 cm, the relative deformations of the coating exceed the value of the ultimate elongation, cracking is predicted. The stress values in the coating above the pore not filled with the paint composition are constant. For the area of dense abutment of the coating, the dependence of the stress value on the pore diameter is observed.
Strength and Rigidity of Modified Epoxy Composites Under Static Loading
Authors: Gavrilov M A , Martynov A A , Filatov A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The creation of building materials and products with improved properties, increased efficiency, contribution to a decrease in material consumption, cost and ease of manufacturing, is one of the most important tasks in the field of production of building materials. The use of modifying components in the manufacture of polymer composites is one of the main methods for improving their physical and mechanical properties. Plasticizers, finely dispersed fillers and other components are used as modifying additives. During the following studies, organosilicon varnish and asbestos-containing waste from construction and chemical industries were used as modifiers. New materials have been developed on the basis of modified epoxy binders, including those made by compression and vibrocompression with the use of waste, which are distinguished by high physical, mechanical and operational properties. Such materials expand the raw material base for the manufacture of new compositions, protective polymer coatings and polymer concretes.
Classicism in Saratov’s Later 19th Century Architecture
Authors: Negulyaeva T V , Dyadchenko S F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Classicism is one of the most persistent architectural styles, as other styles successfully adopt its dogmas. This paper dwells upon how classicist trends influenced the successor style: eclecticism. The research builds upon studying Saratov’s architectural monuments built in the second half of the 19th century to compare their core features to those of classical architecture. In conclusion, the paper analyzes how classicism affected the architectural eclecticism and attempts to define the most persistent principles behind architecture and how it comes into being.
Study of Quality Parameters of Long-Term Strength of Cement Composites
Authors: Maksimova I N , Makridin N I , Dergunova A V , Barabanov D N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The currently widespread assessment of concrete quality, including reliability, by traditional mechanical characteristics is ineffective, since these state parameters do not take into account changes in the strength and deformation properties of concrete under the influence of temporary processes of microcracking during loading when diagnosing structural materials. Modern development of fracture mechanics has made it possible to establish scientific principles for evaluating materials and testing methods and to propose together force, strain, energy and acoustic criteria for crack resistance that determine the actual limit States of their structure in terms of strength and deformability and thus allow predicting the performance of the material under load. This paper presents the results of experimental evaluation of mechanical failure criteria and regularities of changes in acoustic emission parameters from the loading intensity during non-equilibrium mechanical tests for three-point bending of experimental samples with an initial incision depth of 13 mm. Analysis of the influence of the concentration and the introduction of SP-3 on regularities of changes in the coefficients of increase of controlled criteria of crack resistance in time relative to 28-day age quite clearly suggests, first, that the change of parameters of criteria of crack resistance in time has a wavelike nature, and the change in strength under axial compression, and, secondly, about, that the modified structures of cement stone samples relative to the control composition generally give significantly better indicators not only of the growth coefficients of the compared quality criteria, but also of the absolute values of the criteria for crack resistance up to 18 years of age.
Characteristic Properties of Surface Run-off and Its Disposal from Railway Transport Enterprises
Authors: Strelkov A K , Teplykh S Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on railway transport enterprises and their classification. It outlines the number of railway stations of the Kuibyshev railway (KZhD) located in various regions of this country. The classification takes into account the region where these railway stations are located, the number of tracks at every particular station, and its land area. The article provides data on the surveyed railway transport enterprises and information on surface wastewater generated on their territory. The researchers analyze surface run-off from various railway industry enterprises, this wastewater composition and the dependence of contamination of surface wastewater discharged by different railway industry enterprises on the form and composition of their watersheds. They come up with recommendations for criteria of surface wastewater disposal from the territories of railway transport enterprises and railway tracks, as well as proposals for the treatment of surface run-off from the enterprises under consideration.
Nutrient Metabolism of Young Cattle in the Conditions of Yakutia When Non-Traditional Feed Additives are Included in Their Rations
Authors: Grigorev M F , Grigoreva A I , Popova A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The work is aimed to develop innovative ways to increase effectiveness of a process of acclimatization and adaptation of the Hereford breed youngsters of Siberian selection, to increase its beef productivity, to enhance its usage of nutrient materials in the diet through inclusion to the diet of animals the local mineral feed supplements (Hongurin’s zeolite and putrid mud) with mineral salt that compensate a deficit of mineral materials in the diet. The number of hemoglobin was larger in the experimental groups of animals than in the control group of bull-calves, which demonstrates better metabolic processes. Balance of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus in every studied group was positive. High rates of the usage of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus, from taken to digested, were in the first and the second experimental groups of bull-calves. The usage of the local mineral feed supplements in the Hereford breed bull-calves’ diet provided increasing in their digestibility of nutrient materials, such as, in average, crude protein by 2,63 and 2,78%, crude fat by 2,32 and 3,24%, crude fiber by 1,77 and 3,27%, nitrogen-free extractable substances by 5,12 and 8,40%. Higher indicators of fixed nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus from taken to digested were in the first and the second experimental groups of bull-calves. Results of the experiment established relevance and effectiveness of the inclusion in the diet the local mineral feed supplements for the Hereford breed bull-calves.
Physiological Characteristics of Young Cattle in Central Yakutia When Using Local Non-Traditional Feed Additives in Their Rations
Authors: Grigoreva A I , Grigorev M F , Sysolyatina V V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Results of conducted experimental research on studying of the influence of the local mineral feed supplements on growth, development and physiological indicators of the Hereford breed bull-calves allow making the next conclusions: Feeding of the local mineral feed supplements to the Hereford breed bull-calves allow increasing gaining in live body weight by 7,79 and 11,17%. Live body weight at the age of 15 months was amounted to 328,3-345,2 kg with daily average weight gaining at the entirety of the period of the experiment of 705,7-784,5 g. The usage of the local mineral feed supplements in feeding of the Hereford breed youngsters contributed to more intensive growth and development. In the background of the usage of the local mineral feed supplements in the diet of the experimental groups it was established that elevated concentration of hemoglobin in blood and all physiological indicators were within established normal limits. Increasing of productiveness in the experimental groups of animals was accompanied by reliable changes to the side of normalization of biochemical indicators of blood. Therefore, inclusion of the local natural mineral feed supplements to the diet provides increasing of beef productivity of the Hereford breed bull-calves and increases economical effectiveness of their breeding and fattening.
Complex Assessment of Marine Traffic Safety
Authors: Grinyak V M , Devyatisilnyi A S , Ivanenko Y S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the problem of ensuring the safe movement of ships. The problem of assessing the safety of a traffic pattern implemented in a specific water area is considered. Five different safety metrics are introduced. The first metric - “traffic intensity” - the traditionally used traffic density estimate, is calculated as the number of vessels passing through a particular section of the water area per unit time. It is supplemented by the metrics “intensity and speed” (second) and “intensity and size of ships” (third). When calculating them, respectively, the speed of the vessels and their length, which determine the “weight” of each vessel, are taken into account. The fourth metric - “stability of traffic parameters” - takes into account the nature of the movement of ships in terms of the regularity of their courses and speeds. The paper discusses various options for the metric, to illustrate the simplest of them is implemented - an estimate of the standard deviation of the ship’s course. The fifth metric - “traffic saturation” - characterizes the density of movement of ships in terms of the possibility of their maneuvers. The metric appeals to the traditional model representations of the collective motion parameters of the vessels in the form of a “speed-course” diagram and makes it possible to indirectly assess the difficulty of decision-making by skippers and the emotional burden on traffic participants. In the discussion of the results of the work, the option of integrating the five proposed metrics in the form of a system of rules giving an integrated assessment of traffic safety in a particular section of the water area is considered. The work is accompanied by the results of calculations of the proposed metrics on real data on the movement of ships in the Tsugaru Strait and their discussion. It is shown that the proposed system of metrics allows you to create a systematic idea of the degree of danger of traffic implemented in the water area.
The Problem of Clustering Countries of the World on the Geopolitical Data
Authors: Smirnov I A , Malafeyev O A , Smirnova T E , Yakovets Yu V , Strekopytov S A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article deals with the problem of clustering countries by a specific set of geo-political features, including demographic, geographical, economic, and other data. The K-means method was chosen as the clustering algorithm. This clustering allows us to identify the specifics and important trends in the development of the current geopolitical situation.
Consequences of Industrial Mineral Processing in the Arctic Zone of Yakutia
Authors: Moskvitin S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Arctic zone of Yakutia is the industrially developed territory of the Republic. Processing of tin, rare earths and gold deposits for decades has led to formation of a huge mass of waste in the form of dumps and tailings. In the area tailing dumps of Batagai, Deputatskiy and Kularsky processing plants can be found nowadays, where ore tailings were dumped.
In this work mineralogical compositions of mining wastes are presented, and the structure and condition of the tailings dumps at present time are studied. The impact of actually applied technologies on the environmental situation in extracting tin, gold and rare earth minerals as well as mechanisms are examined. The impact of weathering processes on the environmental safety of the region was established.
As a result of the study, it was concluded that the tailings dumps pose a real ecological threat to the environment. In case of any accident, there will be consequences causing irreparable damage not only to the ecology of The Yana and Indigirka river basins, but also to the water area of the entire continental shelf of the North-East of Yakutia. Elimination of environmentally hazardous substances through industrial processing will reduce the risk of environmental threats to the territory and the entire Arctic basin.
Filtration Regimes Calculation of Hydraulic Structures of Alma Reservoir
Authors: Ivankova T , Volosukhin V , Fesenko L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the article the Crimean Peninsula is exposed as one of the most problematic areas for providing water resources in the Russian Federation. By 2013, the filling of drinking-water reservoirs due to river runoff and precipitation was at the level of 20-25% of the total design volume and it was the lowest indicator for the last 25 years. In 2014, after the reunification of Crimea with Russia, new hydraulic structures began functioning to supply water to Crimean residents, which allowed filling the North Crimean Canal with water from the Belogorsky and Taigan reservoirs along the Biyuk-Karasu riverbed and eastern Crimea residents began to receive water. The average population density of Crimea is 85 people / km2. The average long-term value of water resources for this territory is 1.0 km3 / year, and one resident - 432 m3 / year, which is the lowest of all the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Much attention is paid to the safety of operating reservoirs, including the oldest one in Crimea - Alminsky reservoir. The calculations are given and filtration strength of the dam body soils of reservoir is estimated: specific filtration flow rates, filtration flow outlet velocity and effective pressure gradients. Calculation of the filtration regimes of the dam construction was carried out for two loading cases: main and special load combination. The obtained data indicates that actual parameters of the dam construction provide filtration strength and structure reliability under the accepted loading cases.