bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of phytic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on penetration depth of bioceramic and resin sealers
Authors: Eskander Mark , Genena Salma , Zaazou Ashraf , Moussa Sybel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study assessed influence of 1% phytic acid and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the dentinal tubules penetration of EndoSequence BC bioceramic‐based and AH Plus resin‐based sealers using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Forty single‐rooted mandibular premolars were divided randomly into four groups (n = 10). Group 1 received final irrigation with 1% phytic acid solution and canals sealed by AH Plus sealer, Group 2: 1% phytic acid solution and EndoSequence BC sealer, Group 3: 17% EDTA solution and AH Plus sealer and Group 4: 17% EDTA solution and EndoSequence BC sealer. Specimens were horizontally sectioned 2, 4 and 6 mm from the apex. Average maximum depth of sealer penetration was examined using CLSM. Group three showed the deepest sealer penetration at all three levels which was significantly higher than all other groups (P ˂ 0.05). Deep sealer penetration is achievable with AH Plus and EDTA. Phytic acid groups have moderate tubular penetration ability.
Functional NK surrogate biomarkers for inflammatory recurrent pregnancy loss and recurrent implantation failure
Authors: Comins‐Boo Alejandra , Cristóbal Ignacio , Fernández‐Arquero Miguel , Rodríguez de Frías Edgard , Calvo Urrutia Marta , Pilar Suárez Lydia , Gasca Escorial Pilar , Ángel Herráiz Miguel , Sánchez‐Ramón Silvia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProblemExpansion of circulating NK cells has been related to pregnancy complications. This study aims at investigating several surface NK cell markers to identify a baseline inflammatory profile in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (iRPL) and recurrent implantation failure (iRIF).Method of studyExpression of NKp30, TIGIT, NKp46, and DNAM‐1 on total peripheral blood NK subsets, regulatory (CD56brightCD16neg), and cytotoxic (CD56dimCD16pos/neg) NK cells was measured.ResultsEighty‐three women were recruited and classified into two groups, 58 women with RPL and 25 with RIF. A control group of 31 fertile women was included. Expression of NKp30 on cytNK was significantly higher in RPL (p = .019) and RIF (p < .001) than HC. TIGIT on cytNK cells was also higher in both RPL (p < .001) and RIF (p < .01). An optimal cutoff of 70% for NKp30+ cytNK disclosed a sensitivity of 82%, a specificity of 55%, and 83% PPV for RPL diagnosis. A cutoff level of 83% for TIGIT+ cytNK was chosen to discriminate between healthy controls and RPL women, with PPV of 84%.ConclusionOur preliminary data on this RPL and RIF cohorts suggest a simple diagnostic tool by combining NKp30 and TIGIT on cytNK cells to better identify a subgroup of RPL and RIF patients with a baseline inflammatory profile. A more rigorous selection of these patients through phenotyping peripheral cytNK cells may better define patients that could benefit from an immunomodulatory treatment to prevent further pregnancy losses. The performance of these biomarkers requires further investigation and validation in independent cohorts.
Rural disability workforce perspective on effective inter‐disciplinary training—A qualitative pilot study
Authors: Mangiameli Jacinta , Hamiduzzaman Mohammad , Lim David , Pickles David , Isaac Vivian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveInter‐professional education is a growing area of importance that enables training of health care professionals and students to develop skills in collaborative clinical practice, a critical aspect of disability care. However, research is limited on appropriate on‐site inter‐professional training for the rural and remote disability workforce. This paper aims to explore the features of an effective inter‐professional training approach for rural disability workforce.SettingRiverland, South Australia.ParticipantsClinical educators, allied health professionals, health and service providers and students.DesignA qualitative‐explorative research design, involving focus group discussion and a thematic analysis method were employed in this study. Participants of the focus group discussion completed a capacity building training program centred on inter‐professional education, cultural‐safety and the National Disability Insurance Scheme. National Disability Services Social Impact Measurement Tool was used to evaluate and explore the features of effective inter‐professional training program for existing and emerging disability workforce in rural regions.ResultsFour themes emerged from data analysis: inter‐professional education focus; structured inter‐professional training; building collaborative learning environment; and culturally appropriate care practice. Inter‐professional supervision was identified as a key enabler for capacity building in an area with limited health workforce. Inter‐agency collaboration and professional network were identified as important elements to support disability health workforce retention and the transition from novice to practitioner. Prior knowledge about the needs of persons with disability and empathetic relationships influenced the quality of practice.ConclusionIn situ training programs, which provide real‐life rural practice context and harness inter‐agency collaboration, improve effectiveness of rural disability workforce readiness for practice.
Vaccines and allergic reactions: The past, the current COVID‐19 pandemic, and future perspectives
Authors: Sampath Vanitha , Rabinowitz Grace , Shah Mihir , Jain Surabhi , Diamant Zuzana , Jesenak Milos , Rabin Ronald , Vieths Stefan , Agache Ioana , Akdis Mübeccel , Barber Domingo , Breiteneder Heimo , Chinthrajah Sharon , Chivato Tomas , Collins William , Eiwegger Thomas , Fast Katharine , Fokkens Wytske , O'Hehir Robyn E. , Ollert Markus , O'Mahony Liam , Palomares Oscar , Pfaar Oliver , Riggioni Carmen , Shamji Mohamed H , Sokolowska Milena , Jose Torres Maria , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , van Zelm Menno , Wang De Yun , Zhang Luo , Akdis Cezmi A. , Nadeau Kari C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVaccines are essential public health tools with a favorable safety profile and prophylactic effectiveness that have historically played significant roles in reducing infectious disease burden in populations, when the majority of individuals are vaccinated. The COVID‐19 vaccines are expected to have similar positive impacts on health across the globe. While serious allergic reactions to vaccines are rare, their underlying mechanisms and implications for clinical management should be considered to provide individuals with the safest care possible. In this review, we provide an overview of different types of allergic adverse reactions that can potentially occur after vaccination and individual vaccine components capable of causing the allergic adverse reactions. We present the incidence of allergic adverse reactions during clinical studies and through post‐authorization and post‐marketing surveillance and provide plausible causes of these reactions based on potential allergenic components present in several common vaccines. Additionally, we review implications for individual diagnosis and management and vaccine manufacturing overall. Finally, we suggest areas for future research.
The relation between maternal obesity and placenta accreta spectrum: A multinational database study
Authors: Vieira Matias C. , Rijken Marcus J. , Braun Thorsten , Chantraine Frederic , Morel Olivier , Schwickert Alexander , Stefanovic Vedran , van Beekhuizen Heleen , Collins Sally L. ,   the International Society for Placenta accreta spectrum (IS‐PAS)
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionIt has been suggested that women with obesity have increased risk of developing placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). It is unclear if this is independent of the increased risk of cesarean delivery seen with obesity itself. The aim of this study was to explore the association between maternal obesity and PAS, particularly severe PAS (percreta).Material and methodsThis is a cohort study based on cases recorded in the International Society for Placenta Accreta Spectrum (IS‐PAS) database between April 2008 and May 2019. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the effect of maternal obesity on severity of PAS; this model was adjusted for other known risk factors including previous cesarean deliveries, maternal age, and placenta previa. The estimated rate of obesity in a hypothetical cohort with similar characteristics (previous cesarean delivery and same parity) was calculated and compared with the observed rate of obesity in the women of the PAS cohort (one sample test of proportions).ResultsOf the 386 included women with PAS, 227 (58.8%) had severe disease (percreta). In univariable analysis, maternal obesity initially appeared to be associated with increased odds of developing the most severe type of PAS, percreta (odds ratio [OR] 1.87; 95% CI 1.14‐3.09); however, this association was lost after adjustment for other risk factors including previous cesarean delivery (OR 1.44; 95% CI 0.85‐2.44). There was no difference in the observed rate of obesity and the rate estimated based on the risk of cesarean delivery from obesity alone (31.3% vs 36.8%, respectively; P = .07).ConclusionsObesity does not seem to be an independent risk factor for PAS or severity for PAS. These findings are relevant for clinicians to provide accurate counseling to women with obesity regarding increased risks related to pregnancy.
Developing a database for multicenter evaluation of placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Braun Thorsten , van Beekhuizen Heleen J. , Morlando Maddalena , Morel Olivier , Stefanovic Vedran ,   the International Society for Placenta Accreta Spectrum (IS‐PAS)
Published: April 2021

AbstractStudies of rare, but complex clinical conditions require multicenter cooperation. The International Society for Placenta accreta spectrum (IS‐PAS) have established a secure web‐based database to analyze pregnancies complicated by PAS. By repeated in‐person meetings of the IS‐PAS, a core dataset was established. Then, a custom‐made, secure online database, capable of receiving strictly anonymized patient‐related textual and imaging data and allowing statistical queries was designed, tested, amended and implemented. Between 2008 and 2019, 14 IS‐PAS centers across Europe and one center in the USA contributed data for all their PAS cases, containing pregnancy data for a total of 442 pregnant women. Data were analyzed by a designated data analysis sub‐group of the IS‐PAS. Center characteristics are presented. Based on experiences with previous versions, our new online database now allows an all‐encompassing data collection. It has shown its usefulness in the current analysis project.
Performance of antenatal imaging to predict placenta accreta spectrum degree of severity
Authors: Morel Olivier , van Beekhuizen Heleen J. , Braun Thorsten , Collins Sally , Pateisky Petra , Calda Pavel , Henrich Wolfgang , Al Naimi Ammar , Norgaardt Lone Nikoline , Chalubinski Kinga M. , Sentilhes Loic , Tutschek Boris , Schwickert Alexander , Stefanovic Vedran , Bertholdt Charline ,   the International Society for Placenta Accreta Spectrum (IS‐PAS)
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn cases of placenta accreta spectrum, a precise antenatal diagnosis of the suspected degree of invasion is essential for the planning of individual management strategies at delivery. The aim of this work was to evaluate the respective performances of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging for the antenatal assessment of the severity of placenta accreta spectrum disorders included in the database. The secondary objective was to identify descriptors related to the severity of placenta accreta spectrum disorders.Material and methodsAll the cases included in the database for which antenatal imaging data were available were analyzed. The rates of occurrence of each ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging descriptor were reported and compared between the Group “Accreta‐Increta” (FIGO grades 1 & 2) and the Group “Percreta” (FIGO grade 3).ResultsAntenatal imaging data were available for 347 women (347/442, 78.5%), of which 105 were included in the Group “Accreta – Increta” (105/347, 30.2%) and 213 (213/347, 61.4%) in the Group “Percreta”. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in addition to ultrasound in 135 women (135/347, 38.9%). After adjustment for all ultrasound descriptors in multivariate analysis, only the presence of a bladder wall interruption was associated with a significant higher risk of percreta (Odds ratio 3.23, Confidence interval 1.33–7.79). No magnetic resonance imaging sign was significantly correlated with the degree of severity.ConclusionsThe performance of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging to discriminate mild from severe placenta accreta spectrum disorders is very poor. To date, the benefit of additional magnetic resonance imaging has not been demonstrated.
Contralateral lymph node metastases in patients with vulvar cancer and unilateral sentinel lymph node metastases
Authors: Ignatov Tanja , Gaßner Johannes , Bozukova Mihaela , Ivros Stylianos , Mészáros József , Ortmann Olaf , Eggemann Holm , Ignatov Atanas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe risk of contralateral lymph node metastases following unilateral sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases in patients with vulvar cancer(s) remains to be systematically assessed.Material and methodsWe performed a multicenter, retrospective registry‐based study of 476 patients with vulvar cancer. The primary outcome measure was the rate of contralateral non‐SLN metastases in the case of positive unilateral SLN.ResultsOut of 476 patients with primary vulvar cancer, 202 received SLN biopsy: 58 unilateral and 144 bilateral. Out of 66 patients with unilateral metastatic SLN, 62 (93.9%) received contralateral lymphadenectomy—18 after unilateral and 44 after bilateral SLN biopsy. In the study group, 132 SLN were assessed with a median number of 2 (range 1–4) per patient and 76 of these were positive. Lymph node‐positivity was associated with advanced tumor stage, as well as lymph and vascular space invasion. In the group of patients with bilateral inguino‐femoral lymphadenectomy, 1004 lymph nodes were resected with a median number of 15 (range 10–29) per patient. After full dissection of the inguino‐femoral lymph nodes, no contralateral non‐SLN metastases were found.ConclusionsThe risk of contralateral non‐SLN metastases in patients with unilateral SLN metastases was low. Therefore, the impact of contralateral lymphadenectomy on patient survival should be investigated in further studies.
Acculturative stress and coping among migrant workers: A global mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Liem Andrian , Renzaho Andre M.N. , Hannam Kevin , Lam Agnes I.F. , Hall Brian J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNo existing review has synthesized key questions about acculturation experiences among international migrant workers. This review aimed to explore (1) What are global migrant workers’ experiences with acculturation and acculturative stress? (2) What are acculturative stress coping strategies used by migrant workers? And (3) how effective are these strategies for migrant workers in assisting their acculturation in the host countries? Peer‐reviewed and gray literature, without time limitation, were searched in six databases and included if the study: focused on acculturative stress and coping strategies; was conducted with international migrant workers; was published in English; and was empirical. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Three‐layered themes of acculturation process and acculturative stress were identified as: individual layer; work‐related layer; and social layer. Three key coping strategies were identified: emotion‐focused; problem‐focused; and appraisal‐focused. These coping strategies were used flexibly to increase coping effectiveness and evidence emerged that a particular type of acculturative stress might be solved more effectively by a specific coping strategy. Migrant workers faced numerous challenges in their acculturative process. Understanding this process and their coping strategies could be used in developing research and interventions to improve the well‐being of migrant workers.
Affecting future individuals: Why and when germline genome editing entails a greater moral obligation towards progeny
Authors: Battisti Davide 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAssisted reproductive technologies have greatly increased our control over reproductive choices, leading some bioethicists to argue that we face unprecedented moral obligations towards progeny. Several models attempting to balance the principle of procreative autonomy with these obligations have been proposed. The least demanding is the minimal threshold model (MTM), according to which every reproductive choice is permissible, except creating children whose lives will not be worth living. Hence, as long as the future child is likely to have a life worth living, prospective parents may be allowed to use preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to select embryos with genetic diseases or disabilities. Assuming a consequentialist person‐affecting view of morality, this paper investigates whether the MTM is an appropriate tool to guide procreative decisions given the continuous development of reproductive genetic technologies. In particular, I consider germline genome editing (GGE) and I argue that its application in human reproduction, unlike PGD, should be conceived as person‐affecting towards future progeny. I claim that even if we assume the plausibility of the MTM within PGD, we are committed to accepting that a greater moral obligation towards progeny should guide procreative decisions if GGE were available. In this case, the MTM should no longer be considered an appropriate instrument to guide procreative choices. Finally, I investigate when we face this greater moral obligation, concluding that it applies only when prospective parents have already engaged in the in vitro fertilization process.
If fetuses are persons, abortion is a public health crisis
Authors: Blackshaw Bruce , Rodger Daniel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPro‐life advocates commonly argue that fetuses have the moral status of persons, and an accompanying right to life, a view most pro‐choice advocates deny. A difficulty for this pro‐life position has been Judith Jarvis Thomson’s violinist analogy, in which she argues that even if the fetus is a person, abortion is often permissible because a pregnant woman is not obliged to continue to offer her body as life support. Here, we outline the moral theories underlying public health ethics, and examine the COVID‐19 pandemic as an example of public health considerations overriding individual rights. We argue that if fetuses are regarded as persons, then abortion is of such prevalence in society that it also constitutes a significant public health crisis. We show that on public health considerations, we are justified in overriding individual rights to bodily autonomy by prohibiting abortion. We conclude that in a society that values public health, abortion can only be tolerated if fetuses are not regarded as persons.
British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) and Nurses (BAUN) consensus document: management of the complications of long‐term indwelling catheters
Authors: Reid Sheilagh , Brocksom Jane , Hamid Rizwan , Ali Ased , Thiruchelvam Nikesh , Sahai Arun , Harding Chris , Biers Suzanne , Belal Mo , Barrett Rachel , Taylor Julia , Parkinson Richard 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo look at best evidence and expert opinion to provide advice in the form of a consensus statement lead by Female, Neurological and Urodynamic Urology (FNUU) section of the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) in conjunction with the British Association of Urological Nurses (BAUN).MethodsInitially a literature search was performed with incorporation of aspects of the existing guidance and further informed by UK best practice by core members of the group. The document then underwent reviews by the FNUU Executive Committee members, the BAUN executive committee, a separate experienced urologist and presented at the BAUS annual meeting 2020 to ensure wider feedback was incorporated in the document.ResultsComplications of long‐term indwelling catheters include catheter‐associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), purple urine bag syndrome, catheter blockages, bladder spasms (causing pain and urinary leakage), loss of bladder capacity, urethral erosion (“catheter hypospadias”)/dilatation of bladder outlet and chronic inflammation (metaplasia and cancer risk).ConclusionsWe have provided a list of recommendations and a troubleshooting table to help with the management of the complications of long term catheters.
Association between one‐time prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) test with free/total PSA ratio and prostate cancer mortality: A 30‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Lundgren Per‐Olof , Kjellman Anders , Norming Ulf , Gustafsson Ove 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo explore if there is a long‐term association between baseline prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), including free/total PSA ratio and long‐term (30‐year) risk for prostate cancer death.Subjects and methodsIn all, 1782 men were screened for prostate cancer through PSA analysis. Some years later, frozen plasma samples were used to calculate the ratio of free to total PSA (f/t PSA). At 30‐year follow‐up, baseline PSA and f/t PSA were compared with recent data extracts from the Swedish Cause of Death Registry and Swedish Cancer Registry. PSA values and f/t PSA values were treated as continuous variables in a multivariable analysis and also stratified according to their distribution and useful clinical thresholds.ResultsRisk of death from prostate cancer after 30 years of follow‐up was significantly increased with a higher baseline PSA level, with the hazard ratio being 1.04 (95% confidence interval 1.03–1.09) per increase of one unit of PSA. Adding f/t PSA increased the model's ability to discriminate (concordance index 0.84–0.88). Men with PSA levels <1.0 ng/mL had a very low long‐term risk of prostate cancer death (1.2% risk). An f/t PSA ≥ 0.25 extended the low‐risk range to PSA < 2.0 ng/mL (1.5% risk).ConclusionProstate‐specific antigen testing can be carried out less frequently or can be discontinued in men aged 55–70 years if their PSA levels are <2.0 ng/mL and the f/t PSA is ≥0.25.
Local election campaign finance regimes in Canada: Toward a research agenda
Authors: Taylor Zack , Vanhooren Shanaya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe regulation of election campaign donation, fundraising, expenditure, and advertising is an enduring object of study and reform. Compared to the federal and provincial levels, virtually no attention has been paid to Canadian municipal campaign finance regimes. This is surprising given the urban political economy literature’s focus on business influence on local politics and policy and evidence of corruption in Canadian local government. We take stock of Canadian campaign finance rules for municipal elections in light of Canadian and American research findings, which reveals considerable interprovincial variation in their sophistication and stringency. We then propose a research agenda to investigate aspects of Canadian local campaign finance regimes.