bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hunting the hunter: using genetic profiling for improved management of shark attacks on humans
Authors: Clua Eric Emile Germain , Meyer Carl , Linnell John , Baksay Sandra , Haguenauer Anne , Vely Michel , Vignaud Thomas , Planes Serge 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
DNA evidence is routinely used to identify individual predators responsible for attacks on people and livestock in terrestrial settings. However, the use of transfer DNA techniques in aquatic environments20 for similar purposes is a recent development. To date, DNA barcoding has been used successfully to identify shark species depredating fish catches and biting surfboards and neoprene surfaces. In this study we demonstrate the successful DNA barcoding and fingerprinting of individual sharks from transfer DNA collected directly from the wounds of two shark bite victims. The successful use of DNA techniques to identify both species and specific individuals responsible for shark bites opens the door to selective removal of these individuals as an innovative shark bite risk management strategy. This selective approach would be a more effective, eco-responsible, cost-effective and ethical solution for vulnerable taxa than ongoing non-selective culling campaigns.
Direct Electron Acceleration By An Intense Nonparaxial Cosh-Gaussian Laser Beam Driven Electron Plasma Wave in Plasma
Authors: Purohit Gunjan , Gaur Bineet , Raizada Amita , Kothiyal Pradeep 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Excitation of electron plasma wave by an intense short laser pulse is relevant to electron acceleration process in laser plasma interactions. In this work, the self-focusing of an intense cosh-Gaussian laser beam in collissionless plasma have been studied in the non-paraxial region with relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearities. Further, the effect of self-focusing of the cosh-Gaussian laser beam on the excitation of electron plasma wave and on subsequent electron acceleration has been investigated. Analytical expressions for the beam width parameter/intensity of cosh-Gaussian laser beam and the electron plasma wave have been established and solved numerically. The energy of the accelerated electrons has also been obtained. The strong self-focusing of the cosh-Gaussian laser beam in plasmas stimulates a large amplitude electron plasma wave, which further accelerates the electrons. The well-established laser and plasma parameters have been used in numerical computation. The results have been compared with paraxial ray approximation, Gaussian profile of laser beam and only with the relativistic nonlinearity. Numerical results suggest that the focusing of the cosh-Gaussian laser beam, the amplitude of electron plasma wave, and energy gain by electrons increases in non-paraxial region, when relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearities are simultaneously operative. In addition, it has also been observed that the electron plasma wave is driven more efficiently by a cosh-Gaussian laser beam that accelerates plasma electrons to higher energies.
Development of Multi Diagonal based OCDMA System for Free Space Optical Communication System
Authors: Chauhan Dushyant Singh , kaur Gurjit , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The performance of FSO communication link is subject to numerous atmospheric factors in wireless communication like fog, rainfall, and haze which leads to deteriorate the performance of a system in term of BER and power at the receiver side. Due to numerous advantages of OCDMA over other access techniques, it allows various users to access a channel simultaneously without intervention with the other user. It has the ability to provide security, large number of users, privacy, reduce interference from multiple users and operate asynchronously. So, in this paper, Multi-Diagonal codes along with the fiber brags grating filters for Spectral amplitude coded OCDMA technique is developed for FSO system and performance analysis is performed in terms of BER and received power.
Review of Clinical and radiological outcome of 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fracture managed with J nails in elderly osteoporotic individuals.
Authors: Chandak R M , Sharma Mohit , Jha Amrit 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Proximal humeral fracture is 3rd most common fracture in elderly population.Selection of appropriate implant is always challenging to get optimum results in theseosteoporotic bones. Though locking plates are gold standard, major complications range from9% to 36%. Many percutaneous fixation techniques described in the literature are associated with pin site infections, pin backout and loss of reduction.Objective: To study clinical and radiological outcome of J nail technique for Neer’s three orfour part proximal humeral fractures in patients more than 60 years age.Materials and Method: We retrospectively studied 60 patients of 3 or 4 part proximal humeral fractures, >60 years of age treated with J nail technique from the period of 2015 to 2017. J nails were made using 2 mm 12 inches blunt tip L (Lambrinudi) wires. At final follow-up, clinical outcome was assessed using Constant Score and radiological evaluation was done according to the Bahr criteria. Statistical analysis was performed.Results: The mean Constant Score at final follow-up was 90. The postoperative reduction was excellent in 98% of patients and remained excellent in 90%. The mean postoperative neck shaft angle was 135.0° and final neck shaft angle was 131.4°. No deep infection was seen. No avascular necrosis of humeral head was found till follow up upto 2 yrs.Conclusions: Our study suggests that the functional and radiological outcomes obtained with J nailing are excellent and similar to locking plates and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation with many other advantages of being simple, minimally invasive, avoiding muscle transfixation and no pin site infections. This surgical technique can be considered as one of the effective technique for fixation of proximal humeral fractures in elderly osteoporotics.
Synchronous Colorectal Carcinoma: Three Cases Report and Literature Review
Authors: chen jingfeng , Wang Yi-shuo , Cheng Chuan , Yan Li-ping , Gao Peng , Mao Xin-wu , Wang Jian-ping , Shao Chu-xiao , Xu Jie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Multiple primary colorectal cancers (MPCC) includes synchronous colorectal carcinoma (SC) and metachronous colorectal carcinoma (MC), which are defined as multiple malignant colorectal tumors that occur simultaneously or heterochrony. Comparing to isolate colorectal cancer, the incidence of SC is still rare. At present, there are few literatures describing the cases and reviews of SC. Case presentation: Here, we present three cases of SC. The first patient was admitted to our hospital because of a 5-month history of abdominal pain associated with difficult defecation. PET-CT revealed that a mass lesion of the splenic flexure of colon and another mass in sigmoid. Colonoscopy demonstrated double lesions in splenic flexure and sigmoid. Then we performed traditional open subtotal colon resection. Postoperative pathology confirmed that there are malignant characteristics of the double lesions. Another patient was suffered from with dizziness and fatigue for more than 2 years. Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT shows irregular thickening of the ascending colon wall and colonoscopy reveals that there is a tumor in rectum and many polyps in sigmoid. Then we underwent radical resection of rectal cancer and right colon cancer in a laparoscopic operation. Postoperative pathology confirmed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum and ascending colon. The third patient had hematochezia for 1 year. Both rectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and colonoscopy showed that there are two lesions in the rectum, and conventional laparoscopic APR surgery was performed. Postoperative pathology confirmed malignant tumors in the rectum respectively. The mini review summed up the main points about prevalence, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, pathological, treatment and molecular mechanism features of SC based on current literature, which probably has significant distinctions with solitary tumors. Conclusions: Compared with isolated colorectal cancer, SC usually has a low stage，grade and incidence, but the age, sex and location is still a controversial issue. Colonoscopy and surgery are considered to be the best diagnosis and treatment method for SC. At present, serrated adenoma, hyperplastic polyp, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are considered to be closely related to SC. MSI and gene mutation are two molecular mechanisms that lead to SC.
Insight Into Impacts of Sewage Discharge and River Self-Purification on Microbial Dynamics and Pathogenicity in River Ecosystem
Authors: Xie Yuyang , Liu Xiaolin , Ni Shou-Qing , Wei Haiwei , Chen Xue , Ismail Sherif , Ahmad Shakeel , Lee Taeho 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sewage directly discharge causes serious environmental problems. Here, the effects of treated and untreated sewage on the river ecosystem were investigated. The variations of microbial community structure, including infectious pathogenic bacteria and functional bacteria related to nitrogen, phosphorus, and COD metabolism were studied in detail. Bacterial diversity and richness were significantly decreased, while, Proteobacteria containing various infectious pathogens, such as Vibrio and Helicobacter, significantly increased after the discharge of raw sewage. Although the microbial structure was slightly restored and the abundance of most pathogenic bacteria was also slightly reduced through river self-purification, direct discharge of raw sewage caused severe and short-term irreversible damage to the river environment. Direct discharge also introduced various pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and COD, increasing the corresponding functional bacteria and their related genes. Furthermore, the high abundance of pathogenic bacteria of the drain outlet was mainly from raw sewage rather than bacteria reproduction caused by water deterioration according to the RDA analysis. With these results, direct discharge disturbed the ecological balance of the river. Therefore, more attention is needed to provide a hygienic situation for people and all sewage should be treated properly. In conclusion, all sewage should be treated properly before discharge into ecosystems to mitigate its negative impacts on receiving water bodies.
Emerging Developments Regarding Nanocellulose-based Membrane Filtration Material Against Microbes
Authors: Norrrahim Mohd Nor Faiz , Kasim Noor Azilah Mohd , Knight Victor Feizal , Ong Keat Khim , Noor Siti Aminah Mohd , Halim Norhana Abdul , Shah Noor Aisyah Ahmad , Jamal Siti Hasnawati , Janudin Nurjahirah , Misenan Muhammad Syukri Mohamad , Ahmad Muhammad Zamharir , Yaacob Mohd Hanif , Yu Wan Md Zin Wan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Wide availability and diversity of dangerous microbes poses a considerable problem for health professionals and in the development of new healthcare products. Numerous studies have been conducted to develop membrane filters that have antibacterial properties to solve this problem. Without proper protective filter equipment, healthcare providers, essential workers, and the general public are exposed to the risk of infection. A combination of nanotechnology and biosorption is expected to offer a new and greener approach to improve the usefulness of polysaccharides as an advanced membrane filtration material. Nanocellulose is among the emerging materials of this century and several studies had proven its usefulness in filtering microbes. Its high specific surface area enables the adsorption of various microbial species, and its innate porosity can separate various molecules and retain microbial objects. Besides that, the presence of an abundant OH groups in nanocellulose allows its surface modification which can increase its filtration efficiency through the formation of affinity interactions toward microbes. In this review, an update of the most relevant uses of nanocellulose as a new class of membrane filters against microbes is outlined. Key advancements in surface modifications of nanocellulose to enhance its rejection mechanism is also critically discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review focusing on the development of nanocellulose as a membrane filter against microbes.
An Intelligent Feature Selection using Archimedes Optimization algorithm for Facial Analysis
Authors: NEGGAZ Imène , FIZAZI Hadria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Human facial analysis (HFA) has recently become an attractive topic for computer vision research due to the technological progress and the increase of mobile applications. HFA explores several issues as gender recognition, facial expression, age, and race recognition for automatically understanding social life. In addition, the development of several algorithms inspired by swarm intelligence, biological inspiration, and physical/mathematical rules allow giving another dimension of feature selection in the field of machine learning and computer vision.
This paper develops a novel wrapper feature selection method for gender recognition using the Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA). The paper's primary purpose is to automatically determine the optimal face area using AOA to recognize the gender of a human person categorized by two classes (Men and women). In this paper, the facial image is divided into several sub-regions (blocks), where each area provides a vector of characteristics using one method from handcrafted techniques as the local binary pattern (LBP), histogram oriented gradient (HOG), or Grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The proposed method (AOA) is assessed on two publicly datasets: Georgia Tech Face dataset (GT) and the Brazilian FEI dataset. The experimental results show a good performance of AOA compared to other recent and competitive optimizers as Sine cosine algorithm (SCA), Henry Gas Solubility Optimization (HGSO), Equilibrium Optimizer (EO), Emperor Penguin Optimizer (EPO), Harris Hawks Optimize (HHO), Multi-verse Optimizer (MVO) and Manta-ray Foraging Optimizer (MRFO) in terms of accuracy and the number of the selected area.
The Problem with “The Measurement Problem”.
Authors: Ali Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper argues that the “Measurement Problem” is foundationally moot, using the abstraction of “Color Guessing Game”. It has been reasoned that the preferred question to ask is, once taken the measurement, what is the certainty that the measured physical state of quantum system is the original intended state governed by absolute laws of nature. The certainty of the measured state [[EQUATION]] of the physical system with wave function [[EQUATION]] being the original intended state is given by [[EQUATION]], given that the measurement probe’s wave function interaction with[[EQUATION]] is unknown. It has been argued that measured state’s interactions with other quantum system corresponds to classical reality, which can be changed by the act of measurement.
2020 Global Conference on Wireless and Optical Technologies (GCWOT) Help Pro
Authors: KHAN ALI YOUSUF , Luque-Nieto Miguel Angel , Batool Samiya , Ahmed Hammad , Saeed Abdul Hadi , Asif Zaid 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Information and Communication Technologies are regularly used in medicinal services and associations around the world. The Android working framework-based electronic contraptions, for example, Smartphones, smart TV and tablets are comprehensively utilized for numerous purposes. Within android devices, there are distinctive types of health and medical applications that provide ease to patients and their caretakers to lessen time [1]. This undertaking includes a thought that is proposed, to save lives by a single tap. It is very advantageous for users in case of emergency: through this application, an ambulance could be available within 100 meters of the user’s real-time location. The Dijkstra algorithm is used in this application by Google Maps API (Application Programming Interface) and this way nearest ambulance arrives on time. Consequently, not only time is efficiently saved but also precious lives.
The Effect of Preoperative Hypoalbuminemia on Complications After Primary Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Tan Yang , Jiang Lingxiao , Liu Hankun , Pan Zhengqi , Wang Hua , Chen Liaobin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives

To explore the risk factors of preoperative hypoalbuminemia and its’ effects on complications in elderly with the primary hip arthroplasty.
Methods

A total of 211 elderly inpatients who underwent hip arthroplasty were collected. All patients were divided into control group (preoperative serum albumin ≥ 35 g/L) and case group (preoperative serum albumin < 35 g/L). The risk factors of preoperative hypoalbuminemia and the postoperative complications were analyzed.
Results

Compared to controls, hypoalbuminemia patients were older (P = 0.026), had lower BMI (P = 0.045), higher Cardiac function score (P < 0.0001), higher ASA scores (P = 0.023), longer hospital stay (P < 0.001). The intraoperative albumin loss in case group was significantly higher than that of in control group (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared to controls, hypoalbuminemia patients had higher risk for any complication (P = 0.014), such as delayed wound healing, pleural effusion, and pneumonia. The risk of postoperative complications increased by 6.9% with every 1 year old increasing (age > 60). The risk of postoperative complications in case group was 1.89 times higher than that in control group.
Conclusion

Patients with older age, poor nutritional status and more than 2 concomitant diseases are more likely to develop preoperative hypoalbuminemia. Preoperative hypoalbuminemia is related to the increased incidence of postoperative complications. Perioperative albumin loss is not only due to perioperative blood loss, but also related to vascular permeability and abnormal albumin metabolism.
Promotion of tumor progression induced by continuous low-dose administration of antineoplastic agent gemcitabine or gemcitabine combined with cisplatin
Authors: CHEN Yanshen , LIU Hua , ZHENG Qiaowei , LI Houli , YOU Huining , FENG Yan , CHENG Kai , MA Wenbing , ZHUO Yingchen , KOU Jianrong , LI Min , FENG Weiyi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: There are indications that certain antineoplastic agents at low dosages may exhibit abnormal pharmacological actions, such as promoting tumor growth. However, the phenomenon still needs to be further confirmed, and its underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated.Methods: Gemcitabine (GEM) and cisplatin (CDDP) were employed as representative antineoplastic agents to observe effects of continuous low-dose chemotherapy with GEM or GEM combined with CDDP (GEM+CDDP) on tumor formation and growthin xenograft tumor models in vivo. Tumor and endothelial cell functions, apoptosis, cell cycle analysis, as well as bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) mobilization, were evaluated with transwell, MTT or flow cytometry analysis in vitro, respectively. Histological methods were employed to assess angiogenesis in tumor tissues.Results: The results showed that tumor formation and growth were both significantly promoted by GEM or GEM+CDDP at as low as half of the metronomic dosages, which were accompanied by enhancements of angiogenesis in tumor tissues and the release of proangiogenic BMDCs in the circulating blood. Additionally, GEM or GEM+CDDP at low concentrations dramatically facilitated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells in vitro. Cell-cycle arrest, activation of associated apoptotic proteins, and inhibition of apoptosis were also observed in tumor cells. Conclusions: These findings indicate that, the continuous low-dose administration of GEM and GEM+CDDP can promote tumorigenesis and tumor progression in vivo by inhibiting apoptosis, mobilizing BMDCs, and promoting angiogenesis in certain dose ranges. These findings urge further investigations to avoid the potential risks in current empiric continuous low-dose chemotherapy regimens with antineoplastic agents.
Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Statistical Multivariate Analysis “PCA” in the Mediterranean Kabylia
Authors: kab Amel , Djerbal Lynda , bahar Ramdane 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Landslides are one of the most catastrophic geo-risks observed in northern Algeria, particularly in the regions of mountain ranges (Mediterranean Kabylia), where the processes are spectacular. Over the past decade, the landslides risk has become increasingly amplified in urban space, mainly affecting the economy and human life. This highlights the importance and the need to predict the spatial occurrence of these events in the national territory. In order to better manage this phenomenon, decision-makers must be able to have susceptibility maps, allowing them to identify areas in their region where new landslides will have a higher probability of being triggered in the future and of predefine the damage associated with this phenomenon. However, approaches to assessing landslide sensitivity require a good knowledge of previously observed scenarios and include data collection and management, as well as spatial and statistical analyzes. In this study, a new multivariate statistical approach "PCA" was proposed to produce landslide susceptibility maps of the study area in a GIS system. This study allows the automatic analysis of most of the parameters related to the occurrence of slope failures while reducing the factors not influencing the triggering of landslides, this eliminates the effect of redundancy between the factors studied.
Survey of Pretreatment HIV Drug Resistance and The Genetic Transmission Networks Among HIV-Infected Individuals in Southwestern China, 2014-2020
Authors: Xu Xiaoshan , Luo Liuhong , Song Chang , Li Jianjun , Chen Huanhuan , Zhu Qiuying , Lan Guanghua , Liang Shujia , Shen Zhiyong , Cao Zhiqiang , Feng Yi , Liao Lingjie , Xing Hui , Shao Yiming , Ruan Yuhua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) can limit the effectiveness of HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of PDR among HIV-infected individuals that initiated antiretroviral therapy in 2014–2020 in southwestern China.
Methods

Consecutive cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Qinzhou, Guangxi. We obtained blood samples from individuals who were newly diagnosed with HIV in 2014–2020. PDR and genetic networks analyses were performed by HIV-1 pol sequences by using the Stanford HIV-database algorithm and HIV-TRACE, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the potential factors associated with PDR.
Results

In total, 3236 eligible patients were included. The overall prevalence of PDR was 6.0% (194/3236). The PDR frequency to NNRTI (3.3%) was much higher than that to NRTI (1.7%) and PI (1.2%) (p < 0.0001). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PDR was significantly higher among individuals aged 18–29 (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR):1.79, 95% CI: 1.28–2.50) or 30–49 (aOR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.73–4.82), and infected with CRF08_BC (aOR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.58–6.59). A total of 1429 (43.8%) sequences were linked forming transmission clusters ranging in size from 2 to 119 individuals. Twenty-two individuals in 10 clusters same drug resistant mutations (DRMs), mostly to NNRTIs (50%, 5/10).
Conclusions

The overall prevalence of PDR was medium, numerous cases of the same DRMs among genetically linked individuals in networks further illustrated the importance of surveillance studies for mitigating PDR.