bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal evaluation of the use of porous ceramic plates on ventilated façades—part II: Thermal behavior
Authors: Pizzatto Sara M. dos S. , Pizzatto Fernando Otavio , Angioletto Elidio , Arcaro Sabrina , Junca Eduardo , Klegues Montedo Oscar R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe effects of porous ceramic plates on the thermal behavior of ventilated façades were evaluated, and the results are presented herein. Thermal behavior in a ventilated façade of specimens containing 40 wt% of lime mud and a firing temperature of 1100°C was evaluated and compared with a commercial porcelain ceramic tile, which was the reference material. An experimental apparatus was designed to evaluate the thermal performance of the studied ventilated façades. The results revealed that the ventilated façade composed of the studied porous ceramic tiles produced a greater reduction in temperature between the external environmental and the interior of a box representing a building (ΔT5) of 65.7°C, compared with the façade composed of the commercial porcelain ceramic tiles (ΔT5 = 56.0°C) and even the traditional façade (ΔT5 = 49.1°C). Thus, porous ceramic tiles based on byproducts are promising candidates for ventilated façade systems.
Exploring the accountability and organizational identity of public philanthropic foundations
Authors: Williamson Alexandra , Luke Belinda 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper explores accountability and identity in the context of public philanthropic foundations. While public foundations are an important and diverse group, their identity and accountability have been assumed rather than systematically considered and explored. The development of a typology of public foundations drawing on concepts from identity, accountability and stakeholder theories highlights variations across three key dimensions: strategic focus, independence and impact focus. This review informs debate on accountability in public philanthropic foundations in both Australia and internationally. Exploring internal identity‐based drivers of accountability reveals significant variations in accountability regarding stakeholder salience (accountability to whom), how public foundations invest their corpus and whether they identify as being engaged with a geographic or cause‐based community (accountability for what). The contribution made by this paper consists of the extension and clarification of conceptual understandings of the ways in which a philanthropic organization's identity influences its behaviours. The role of organizational identity in understanding accountability of philanthropic foundations facilitates deeper engagement with issues and questions of accountability in these proverbially opaque organizations.
Femtosecond laser‐induced birefringent microdomains in sodium‐borate glass for highly secure data storage
Authors: Fedotov Sergey , Lipatiev Alexey , Lipateva Tatiana , Lotarev Sergey , Mel’nikov Elisey , Sigaev Vladimir 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the inscription of polarization‐sensitive birefringent structures of two types by femtosecond laser pulses is described. Depending on the laser beam parameters, the orientation of the slow axis of birefringent structures can be either parallel or perpendicular to the polarization of the laser beam. The dependence of retardance and slow axis of birefringence on laser exposure parameters is revealed. The thermal stability of both types of structures is examined. The possibility of highly secure data storage based on the different thermal behavior of the laser‐modified region is demonstrated.
Freeze‐cast honeycomb structures via gravity‐enhanced convection
Authors: Arai Noriaki , Faber Katherine T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe effect of gravity on directional solidification was investigated in solution‐based freeze casting. A preceramic siloxane‐based polymer was freeze‐cast with a cyclohexene solvent from two different directions: that against the direction of the gravitational force and that in concert with the gravitational force. Because the density of preceramic polymer is higher than the solvent, the segregated polymer creates a denser solution ahead of the freezing front than the underlying solution when the freezing direction is the same as the gravity direction. This results in convective flow in the liquid phase. This convective flow influences constitutional supercooling, which changes not only the pore size of freeze‐cast structure but also the pore morphology from dendritic to cellular pores.
White matter hyperintensities and cognition across different Alzheimer's biomarker profiles
Authors: Lam Sharon , Lipton Richard B. , Harvey Danielle J. , Zammit Andrea R. , Ezzati Ali ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesTo examine the association between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cognitive domains such as memory and executive function (EF) across different clinical and biomarker categories of Alzheimer's disease (AD).DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingAlzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.ParticipantsA total of 216 cognitively normal (CN) participants and 407 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) at baseline.MeasurementsBased on the 2018 research framework, participants were classified using AT(N) (amyloid‐β deposition [A], pathologic tau [T], and neurodegeneration [(N)]) biomarkers into one of three categories: biomarker negative [A − T− (N)−], amyloid negative but other biomarker positive [A − T ± (N)+ or A – T + (N)±] or amyloid positive [A + T ± (N)±]. Linear regression models were then used to examine the association between WMH and memory composite scores and EF composite scores.ResultsHigher WMH burden was associated with worse EF in both CN and MCI subgroups while a significant association between WMH and memory was only found in the MCI subgroup. Furthermore, WMH was associated with EF in the group with A − T ± (N)+ or A – T + (N)± biomarker category, but not for A − T − (N)− (normal biomarker) and A + T ± (N) ± (AD pathology). The association between higher WMH and worse memory was independent of amyloid levels in individuals with MCI with evidence of AD pathology.ConclusionVascular disease, as indexed by WMH, independent of AD pathology affects cognitive function in both CN and MCI subgroups. Future studies using the AT(N) research framework should consider white matter lesions as a key biomarker contributing to the clinical presentation of AD.
Currency Wars? Unconventional Monetary Policy Does Not Stimulate Exports
Authors: ROSE ANDREW K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractI investigate whether countries that use unconventional monetary policy (UMP) experience export booms. I use a popular gravity model of trade which requires neither the exogeneity of UMP, nor instrumental variables for UMP. In practice, countries that engage in UMP experience a drop in exports vis‐à‐vis countries that are not engaged in such policies, holding other things constant. Quantitative easing is associated with exports that are about 10% lower to countries not engaged in UMP; this amount is significantly different from zero and similar to the effect of negative nominal interest rates. Thus, there is no evidence that countries have gained export markets through UMP; currency wars that have been launched have also been lost. UMP is also associated with a comparable drop in imports and exchange rates, suggesting that countries engage in UMP when they are experiencing adverse macroeconomic shocks concurrent with those that eviscerate international trade.
Introduction to the Point‐Counterpoint: The Corporate Objective as a Contingency
Authors: Doh Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this introduction to the Point‐Counterpoint on the corporate objective, I briefly review and reflect on three views of the corporate objective presented in the exchange. I argue that each perspective – the shareholder value model, the stakeholder management perspective, and the strategic corporate governance framework – has merit in its own right, but that their relevance is contingent on the theoretical and practical contexts in which they are applied, assessed and evaluated. From a theoretical perspective, the choice of which model best fits depends upon whether one is looking through a normative, instrumental, or descriptive lens. From a practical vantage, the relevance and applicability of each of these corporate objectives iscontingenton the national institutional context as well as the individual corporation’s relevant sector and industry, its strategy, and its leaders’ vision. In fact, there is no one corporate objective; rather the objective is variable based on a range of conceptual lenses and contextual factors and influences.
Automated extraction of structural beam lines and connections from point clouds of steel buildings
Authors: Smith Alan , Sarlo Rodrigo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an alternative to segmentation of point clouds tailored specifically to large‐scale steel buildings. Typical segmentation approaches process the 3D point data directly and focus on large blocky structures such as concrete; these are not generalizable to smaller, more complex geometries found in steel elements. The method takes advantage of image processing techniques by utilizing 2D “slices” of the point cloud, rather than the original 3D point cloud. Centroids of targeted structural cross sections are extracted from these slices using 2D convolution as a template‐matching operation, and then projected back to 3D. From this, member centroidal axes are extracted using a custom linear region growing algorithm to create a 1D beam line model, including connections. Experimental results from scans of four prefabricated steel buildings indicate that the method is robust to variations in framing systems, clutter (e.g., obstructions, nonstructural elements), and point cloud sparsity.
The Lyme disease spirochete can hijack the host immune system for extravasation from the microvasculature
Authors: Tan Xi , Petri Björn , DeVinney Rebekah , Jenne Craig N. , Chaconas George 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLyme disease is the most common tick‐transmitted disease in the northern hemisphere and is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and related Borrelia species. The constellation of symptoms attributable to this malady results from vascular dissemination of B. burgdorferi throughout the body to invade various tissue types. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the spirochetes can breach the blood vessel wall to reach distant tissues. We have studied this process by direct observation of spirochetes in the microvasculature of living mice using multi‐laser spinning‐disk intravital microscopy. Our results show that in our experimental system, instead of phagocytizing B. burgdorferi, host neutrophils are involved in the production of specific cytokines that activate the endothelium and potentiate B. burgdorferi escape into the surrounding tissue. Spirochete escape is not induced by paracellular permeability and appears to occur via a transcellular pathway. Neutrophil repurposing to promote bacterial extravasation represents a new and innovative pathogenic strategy.
Malonate utilization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa affects quorum‐sensing and virulence and leads to formation of mineralized biofilm‐like structures
Authors: Elmassry Moamen M. , Bisht Karishma , Colmer‐Hamood Jane A. , Wakeman Catherine A. , San Francisco Michael J. , Hamood Abdul N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that uses malonate among its many carbon sources. We recently reported that, when grown in blood from trauma patients, P. aeruginosa expression of malonate utilization genes was upregulated. In this study, we explored the role of malonate utilization and its contribution to P. aeruginosa virulence. We grew P. aeruginosa strain PA14 in M9 minimal medium containing malonate (MM9) or glycerol (GM9) as a sole carbon source and assessed the effect of the growth on quorum sensing, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. Growth of PA14 in MM9, compared to GM9, reduced the production of elastases, rhamnolipids, and pyoverdine; enhanced the production of pyocyanin and catalase; and increased its sensitivity to norfloxacin. Growth in MM9 decreased extracellular levels of N‐acylhomoserine lactone autoinducers, an effect likely associated with increased pH of the culture medium; but had little effect on extracellular levels of PQS. At 18 hr of growth in MM9, PA14 formed biofilm‐like structures or aggregates that were associated with biomineralization, which was related to increased pH of the culture medium. These results suggest that malonate significantly impacts P. aeruginosa pathogenesis by influencing the quorum sensing systems, the production of virulence factors, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance.
Holm oak fecundity does not acclimate to a drier world
Authors: Le Roncé Iris , Gavinet Jordane , Ourcival Jean‐Marc , Mouillot Florent , Chuine Isabelle , Limousin Jean‐Marc 
Published: April 2021

SummaryClimate change might impact tree fecundity by altering the relative influences of meteorological and physiological drivers, and by modifying resource investment in reproduction.Using a 13‐yr monitoring ofQuercus ilexreproduction in a rainfall exclusion experiment, we analysed the interactive effects of long‐term increased aridity and other environmental drivers on the inter‐annual variation of fecundity (male flower biomass, number of initiated and mature fruits).Summer–autumn water stress was the main driver of fruit abortion during fruit growth. Rainfall exclusion treatment strongly reduced the number of initiated and mature fruits, even in masting years, and did not increase fruit tolerance to severe drought. Conversely, the relative contribution of the meteorological and physiological drivers, and the inter‐annual variability of fruit production were not modified by rainfall exclusion.Rather than inducing an acclimation of tree fecundity to water limitation, increased aridity impacted it negatively through both lower fruit initiation due to changes in resource allocation, and more severe water and resource limitations during fruit growth. Long‐term increased aridity affected tree reproduction beyond what is expected from the current response to inter‐annual drought variations, suggesting that natural regeneration of holm oak forest could be jeopardised in the future.
Cable bacteria at oxygen‐releasing roots of aquatic plants: a widespread and diverse plant–microbe association
Authors: Scholz Vincent V. , Martin Belinda C. , Meyer Raïssa , Schramm Andreas , Fraser Matthew W. , Nielsen Lars Peter , Kendrick Gary A. , Risgaard‐Petersen Nils , Burdorf Laurine D. W. , Marshall Ian P. G. 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Cable bacteria are sulfide‐oxidising, filamentous bacteria that reduce toxic sulfide levels, suppress methane emissions and drive nutrient and carbon cycling in sediments. Recently, cable bacteria have been found associated with roots of aquatic plants and rice (Oryza sativa). However, the extent to which cable bacteria are associated with aquatic plants in nature remains unexplored.

Using newly generated and public 16S rRNA gene sequence datasets combined with fluorescence in situ hybridisation, we investigated the distribution of cable bacteria around the roots of aquatic plants, encompassing seagrass (including seagrass seedlings), rice, freshwater and saltmarsh plants.

Diverse cable bacteria were found associated with roots of 16 out of 28 plant species and at 36 out of 55 investigated sites, across four continents. Plant‐associated cable bacteria were confirmed across a variety of ecosystems, including marine coastal environments, estuaries, freshwater streams, isolated pristine lakes and intensive agricultural systems. This pattern indicates that this plant–microbe relationship is globally widespread and neither obligate nor species specific.

The occurrence of cable bacteria in plant rhizospheres may be of general importance to vegetation vitality, primary productivity, coastal restoration practices and greenhouse gas balance of rice fields and wetlands.
Infliximab therapy in an infant with Netherton syndrome
Authors: Cicek Fatih , Cekic Sukru , Kilic Sara Sebnem 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present a patient with Netherton syndrome and severe skin manifestations treated with infliximab. By 6 months of age, the child had intractable pruritus, scaling, dry skin, and generalized eczematous lesions resistant to conventional therapies for atopic dermatitis. Clinical improvement was observed following the third infusion of infliximab, and by 12 months of age, the skin lesions completely resolved. Infliximab is a promising option for the management of skin inflammation in Netherton syndrome, even in infants.
Relations of mathematics mindset, mathematics anxiety, mathematics identity, and mathematics self‐efficacy to STEM career choice: A structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Cribbs Jennifer , Huang Xiaoxia , Piatek‐Jimenez Katrina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeveral key factors have emerged from the literature contributing to the explanation of STEM participation (or lack of), including mathematics mindset, mathematics anxiety, mathematics identity, and mathematics self‐efficacy. Despite the research on the relations of these variables to career interest, few studies have integrated them and examined their intertwined relations in one model. The purpose of this study was to use a structural equation modeling approach to answer the central question: To what extent are the factors of mathematics mindset, mathematics anxiety, mathematics identity, and mathematics self‐efficacy related to each other and a STEM career choice? The results highlight a key finding that mathematics identity serves as a full mediator between mathematics mindset and STEM career interest as well as between mathematics anxiety and STEM career interest.
Conocimientos acerca de la eutanasia en estudiantes universitarios en dos instituciones de educación superior en Colombia
Authors: De Vries Esther , Velásquez Mauricio , Espejo Alejandra , Navarrete Felipe , Robledo Sofìa , Salazar Mariana , Baquero Paula , Buesaquillo Christian , Arango Laura , Burbano Lina , Andrade Luis , Calvache Jose Andrés 
Published: April 2021

Introducción: La eutanasia fue incluida en la Constitución Colombiana en el año 2014 como medida que garantiza el derecho a la muerte digna. Actualmente este sigue siendo un tema controvertido y que genera diversas opiniones y actitudes.
Objetivo: Explorar los conocimientos y actitudes que tienen estudiantes universitarios sobre la eutanasia en la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá y en la Universidad del Cauca en Popayán.
Métodos: Estudio observacional de corte transversal con datos obtenidos por medio de una encuesta virtual voluntaria sobre eutanasia en estudiantes universitarios de dos universidades. El cuestionario se enfocaba en: datos generales, conocimientos sobre eutanasia y casos hipotéticos relacionados.
Resultados: Participaron 758 estudiantes. Un 60% de sexo femenino y con media de edad de 22 años. El 53% de los estudiantes identificó la definición apropiada de eutanasia y el 77% consideraría recurriría a ella en un caso hipotético de padecer una enfermedad en fase terminal. Una proporción importante confundió la definición de eutanasia con la de cuidados paliativos.
Conclusiones: Se observó un alto grado de desconocimiento respecto a la eutanasia y a pesar de su amplia aceptación por la población estudiada los resultados indican la necesidad de abrir espacios de información y diálogo sobre el tema.
Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Nanoparticles for the Localized Delivery of Methylprednisolone to the Injured Spinal Cord
Authors: Chen Chao , Sun Xun , Yang Qiang , Ma Xinlong 
Published: April 2021

Background. The injuries associated with the spinal cord, including trauma, tumor, or disease, may lead irreparable damage leading to limited or loss of mobility, paralysis, and in extreme cases may loss senses. Methylprednisolone (MP) is often used to treat acute spinal cord injuries but suffers with high dose toxicity. The local administration of MP can overcome the neurological deficits associated with its high-dose systemic administration. Method. In the present study, we have designed a targeted delivery system hyaluronic acid- (HA-) coated polyethylenimine- (PEI-) modified poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (HA-MP-PEI-PLGA) for the localized delivery of MP. The PEI-modified PLGA (PEI-PLGA) nanoparticles were prepared and coated electrostatically by HA. The particles were well characterized using DLS and SEM analysis. The efficacy of the particles was compared with unmodified MP-PEI-PLGA nanoparticles in an in vitro and in vivo model. Results. The synthesis of PEI-PLGA was confirmed using FTIR. The HA-MP-PEI-PLGA and MP-PEI-PLGA were of size

163
±
13

nm

and

124
±
9

nm

, respectively. The major difference was observed in zeta potential of the nanoparticles where the charge reversal was observed, which was +22.6 mV and -12.9 mV, respectively, for MP-PEI-PLGA and HA-MP-PEI-PLGA. The percentage encapsulation efficiencies (EE) were calculated to be

71.4
±
3.76

and

65.4
±
4.71

. The synthesized nanoparticles showed the sustained release of MP which significantly reduced the proinflammatory cytokines and the lesion in HA-MP-PEI-PLGA-treated rats and enhanced the growth of axons and blood vessels; also, it reduced the production of nitric oxide. Conclusion. The results revealed that local administration of HA-MP-PEI-PLGA enhances their efficiency for effective treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI).
Plasma miRNA Biomarkers in Limited Volume Samples for Detection of Early-stage Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Dittmar Rachel L. , Liu Suyu , Tai Mei Chee , Rajapakshe Kimal , Huang Ying , Longton Gary , DeCapite Christine , Hurd Mark W. , Paris Pamela L. , Kirkwood Kimberly S. , Coarfa Cristian , Maitra Anirban , Brand Randall E. , Killary Ann M. , Sen Subrata 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEarly detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is key to improving patient outcomes; however, PDAC is usually diagnosed late. Therefore, blood-based minimally invasive biomarker assays for limited volume clinical samples are urgently needed. A novel miRNA profiling platform (Abcam Fireplex-Oncology Panel) was used to investigate the feasibility of developing early detection miRNA biomarkers with 20 μL plasma from a training set (58 stage II PDAC cases and 30 controls) and two validation sets (34 stage II PDAC cases and 25 controls; 44 stage II PDAC cases and 18 controls). miR-34a-5p [AUC = 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.66–0.87], miR-130a-3p (AUC = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63–0.84), and miR-222-3p (AUC = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58–0.81) were identified as significantly differentially abundant in plasma from stage II PDAC versus controls. Although none of the miRNAs individually outperformed the currently used serologic biomarker for PDAC, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), combining the miRNAs with CA 19-9 improved AUCs from 0.89 (95% CI, 0.81–0.95) for CA 19-9 alone to 0.92 (95% CI, 0.86–0.97), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89–0.98), and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.87–0.97), respectively. Gene set enrichment analyses of transcripts correlated with high and low expression of the three miRNAs in The Cancer Genome Atlas PDAC sample set. These miRNA biomarkers, assayed in limited volume plasma together with CA19-9, discriminate stage II PDAC from controls with good sensitivity and specificity. Unbiased profiling of larger cohorts should help develop an informative early detection biomarker assay for diagnostic settings.Prevention Relevance:Development of minimally invasive biomarker assays for detection of premalignant disease and early-stage pancreatic cancer is key to improving patient survival. This study describes a limited volume plasma miRNA biomarker assay that can detect early-stage resectable pancreatic cancer in clinical samples necessary for effective prevention and clinical intervention.