bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Effects of Inoculating Serendipita Indica on Soybean Growth and Soil Health Under Cd Stress
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Fan Xiaoxu , Wang Weidong , Song Fuqiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution in the soil is a global environmental problem. Plants-microbial technology has been regarded as a potential technique for the remediation of Cd polluted soils. Here, we aimed to explore the combined effects of inoculating (Serendipita indica) S. indica on soybean growth and soil health under Cd stress. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the S. indica on soybean growth and the soil enzyme activities, pH and chemical forms of Cd in the soil under Cd 0, 10, 20, 30 mg/kg soil teatments. Results reflected that compared to non-inoculated ones, the application of S. indica can still enhance the dry weight (66.57%), shoot height (90.35%) and promote the net photosynthesis rate (72.18%), transpiration ratio (80.73%), and stomatal conductance (119.05%) photosynthesis of soybean under Cd 30 mg/kg soil. Furthermore, The pH, phosphatase (116.39%) and catalase (4.17%) activities in the S. indica treatments were increased under Cd 10 mg/kg soil. Meanwhile, inoculated S. indica treatments significantly shifted Cd from exchangeable fraction to other more stable fractions, primarily decreased Cd concentrations (23.66%) under Cd 20 mg/kg soil. The Cd pollution assessment in soil indicated that S. indica could effectively reduce Cd pollution in the Cd 10 mg/kg soil treatments. This work suggests that S. indica may be a potential method for not only promoting plant growth, but also relieving the phytotoxicity of Cd and remediating Cd contaminated soil.
Relevance of the Antenatal Corticosteroids-to-Delivery Interval in the Prevention of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome Through the Eyes of Causal Inference: A Review and Target Trial
Authors: Dehaene Isabelle , Roelens Kristien , Smets Koenraad , Decruyenaere Johan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose - To critically analyse the literature on the antenatal corticosteroids (ACS)-to-birth interval from a causal point of view and to present a solution to the problem of bias caused by post-hoc analysis. Methods - Due to the post-hoc nature of the ACS-to-birth interval, a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of ACS versus placebo is not able to examine the importance of the interval. When an RCT is not feasible, for whatsoever reason, a target trial can be set up and an attempt can be made to answer the causal question of interest using observational data. An attempt was made to set up a target trial which could enable to examine the causal effect of the ACS-to-birth interval on neonatal outcomes. An analysis of current literature on the ACS-to-birth interval was done.Results - The majority of studies aimed to examine the causal effect of the interval, but their study design only permitted to find associations between the interval and neonatal outcomes. Barriers for setting up a target trial are highlighted.Conclusion - Evidence on the superiority of any ACS-to-birth interval is lacking and the question can only be addressed causally and become clinically relevant if baseline randomisation to ACS-to-birth intervals is made possible.
Nesting Algorithm for Optimization Part Placement in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Calabrese Maurizio , Primo Teresa , Prete Antonio Del , Filitti Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Significant savings in cost and time can be achieved in additive processes by manufacturing multiple parts in a single setup to obtain efficient machine volume utilization.In this paper the authors have developed a previsional model able to evaluate the potential performance of various printing technologies for the execution of a given job.This model aims to support technicians in choosing the best solution starting from a specific machine architecture and printing volume. In particular, the model is able to evaluate, from a qualitative and quantitative point of view, the performance of each technology in a transversal manner taking into consideration the aspects connected to printing: costs, time and technological parameters.Within the core of the previsional model there are multiple algorithms able to compute different Key Performance Indicator (nine KPIs). For the computation of some of them it was necessary to quantitatively evaluate aspects related to nesting operations, or to the arrangement of several components within the printing base depending on the dimensional characteristics of the component, the printing direction and its dimensional and geometric characteristics (rectangular or circular). Starting from this need, the developed nesting algorithm has given a specific answer.
Racial and Health Disparities among cirrhosis related hospitalizations in the US
Authors: Singal Ashwani K , Kuo Yong-Fang , Arab Juan P. , Bataller Ramon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Data are scanty on racial disparities in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) hospitalizations. National Inpatient Sample on 199,748 cirrhosis hospitalizations, 14,241 (2,893 AI/AN, 2,893 whites, 2,882 blacks, 2,879 Hispanics, and 2,694 Asian/other race) was matched 1:1 for demographics, insurance, and income quartile of residence zip code. After controlling for geographic location and hospital type, ALD etiology was higher by 1.6 folds in AI/AN vs. whites by 1.9 folds vs. blacks and Hispanic, and 2,2 folds vs. Asian/other race. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) was present in 38% of admissions in AI/AN vs. 24–30% in other races, P < 0.001. 5.9% admissions were associated with in-hospital mortality, with 34% reduced odds in AI/AN vs. blacks. Among cirrhosis related hospitalizations in the US, racial and ethnic disparities exist with alcohol as the commonest etiology in AI/AN, and highest in-hospital mortality in blacks. Public health policies are needed to reduce the health disparities individuals with ALD.
Concentration Assessment And Source Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) In Soil And Crops of The Agro-Industrial Tobacco Production Area of Igboho, Nigeria
Authors: Adedosu Taofik Adewale , Ajibade Okanlawon John , Omotayo Adeniyi Kayode , Adedosu Haleema Omolola , Mufutau Idris 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The contribution of tobacco smoking and cigarette butts to global environmental pollution has been given significant attention. However, little is known about tobacco-related agricultural activities on environmental pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, the spatial distributions, composition, source, and toxicity potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and food crops within the vicinity of the agro-industrial tobacco production area of Igboho, Nigeria was investigated. Soil and food crop (Zea mays, Dioscorea alata, and Manihot esculenta) samples collected from the tobacco curing site and the surrounded farmlands were analyzed for the PAHs concentrations. The identification and quantification of priority PAHs in the samples were carried out using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame-ionization detector. The total concentration of the priority PAHs in the soil ranged between 136.70 ng.g-1 to 889.30 ng.g-1. The total concentration of carcinogenic PAHs ranged from 6.07 ng.g-1 to 321.04 ng.g-1, and the total concentration of toxic PAHs ranged from 6.27 ng.g-1 to 254.37 ng.g-1. The PAHs level was highest in crops from farmlands closest to the tobacco curing site. The distribution of PAHs ring size is in the order of 6-rings ˃ 4-rings ˃5-rings ˃ 3-rings ˃ 2, and the diagnostic indices showed that the sources of PAHs in the samples were mainly pyrogenic and associated with tobacco curing activities in the area.
Extremely wet summer events enhance permafrost thaw for multiple years in Siberian tundra
Authors: Magnússon Rúna , Hamm Alexandra , Karsanaev Sergey V. , Limpens Juul , Kleijn David , Frampton Andrew , Maximov Trofim C. , heijmans monique 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Permafrost thaw can accelerate climate warming by releasing carbon from previously frozen soil in the form of greenhouse gases. Summer precipitation extremes have been proposed to increase permafrost thaw, but the magnitude and duration of this effect are poorly understood. Here we present empirical evidence showing that one extremely wet summer (+100mm; 120% increase relative to average summer precipitation) enhances thaw depth by up to 35% and prolonged the thaw period in a controlled irrigation experiment in an ice-rich Siberian tundra site. The effect persisted over two subsequent summers, demonstrating a carry-over effect of extremely wet summers. Using soil thermal hydrological modelling, we show that precipitation-induced increases in thaw are most pronounced during warm summers with mid-summer precipitation peaks. Our results suggest that, with summer precipitation and temperature both increasing in the Arctic, permafrost will likely degrade and disappear faster than is currently anticipated based on rising air temperatures alone.
Factors Associated With Hospital and Intensive Care Admission in Paediatric SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Prospective Nationwide Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Uka Anita , Buettcher Michael , Bernhard-Stirnemann Sara , Fougère Yves , Moussaoui Dehlia , Kottanattu Lisa , Wagner Noémie , Zimmermann Petra , Ritz Nicole , (SPSU) Swiss Paediatric Surveillance Unit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is usually less severe in children compared to adults. This study describes detailed clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of children with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in a non-hospitalised and hospitalised setting and quantifies factors associated with admission to hospital and intensive care unit in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection on a nationwide level. Data were collected through the Swiss Paediatric Surveillance Unit from children < 18 years with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. All 33 paediatric hospitals in Switzerland reported non-hospitalised and hospitalised cases from March 1 to October 31, 2020 during both pandemic peaks. In total, 678 children were included. The median age was 12.2 (IQR 5.0 – 14.6) years, 316 (47%) were female and 106 (16%) had comorbidities. Overall, 126 (18.6%) children were hospitalised of whom 16 (12.7%) required ICU admission. Comorbidities were the only factor associated with hospital admission in a multivariable regression analysis (odds ratio 3.23, 95%CI 1.89 to 5.50; p-value <0.01). Hospitalised children more often presented with fever (96 [76.2%] vs 209 [38.1%], p-value<0.01) and rash (16 [12.8%] vs 6 [1.1%], p-value<0.01). Anosmia/dysgeusia was more prevalent in non-hospitalised children (73 [13.3%] vs 3 [2.4%], p-value<0.01). In the hospitalised children, oxygen treatment was required in 34 (27.0%), inotropes in nine (7.3%) and mechanical ventilation in eight (6.3%). Complications were reported in 28 (4.1%) children with cardiovascular complications being most frequent (11 [1.6%]). Three deaths were recorded. Conclusion: This study confirms that COVID-19 is mostly a mild disease in children. Fever, rash, and comorbidities are associated with higher admission rates. Continuous observation is necessary to further understand paediatric COVID-19, guide therapy and evaluate the necessity for vaccination in children.
Early Life Stage Thyroid Hormone Disruption Causes Long-Term Impacts On Immune Cell Function And Transcriptional Responses To Pathogen In The Fathead Minnow (Pimephales Promelas)
Authors: Hampton Leah M. Thornton , Finch Miranda G. , Martyniuk Christopher J. , Venables Barney J. , Jeffries Marlo K. Sellin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Current evidence suggests thyroid hormones (THs) impact development of the immune system, but few studies have explored the connection between the thyroid and immune systems, especially in fish. This is important as some environmental contaminants disrupt TH homeostasis and may thus have negative impacts on the immune system. To determine the long-term consequences of early life stage (ELS) hypothyroidism on immune function, fathead minnows were exposed to the model thyroid hormone suppressant propylthiouracil (PTU) from <1 to 30 days post hatch. Fish were transferred to clean water and raised to adulthood at which time, several aspects of immune function were evaluated. Ex vivo assessment of immune cell function revealed significant decreases in the phagocytic cell activity of PTU-treated fish relative to the controls. Fish were also injected with Yersinia ruckeri to evaluate their in vivo immune responses across a suite of endpoints (i.e., transcriptomic analysis, leukocyte counts, spleen index, hematocrit, bacterial load and pathogen resistance). The transcriptomic response to infection was significantly different between control and PTU-treated fish, though no differences in bacterial load nor pathogen resistance were noted. Overall, these results suggest that early life stage thyroid hormone suppression causes long-term impacts on immune function at the molecular and cellular levels suggesting a key role for TH signaling in normal immune system development. This study lays the foundation for further exploration into thyroid-immune crosstalk in fish. This is noteworthy as disruption of the thyroid system during development may have lasting effects on immune function in adulthood.
Phase I Study of Rivoceranib, a Selective VEGFR-2 Angiogenesis Inhibitor, Administered Daily in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Kang Yoon-Koo , Ryu Min-Hee , Hong Yong Sang , Choi Chang-Min , Kim Tae Won , Ryoo Baek-Yeol , Kim Jeong Eun , Kim Sang-We , Weis John R. , Gilcrease Glynn Weldon , Kingsford Rachel , Orgain Nicole , Kim Se Ra , Park Cheol Hee , Sachar Madhav , McGinn Arlo , Werner Theresa L , Sharam Sunil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rivoceranib is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of VEGFR-2 and subsequent angiogenesis through this receptor signaling pathway. This phase I study was the first global study with rivoceranib outside of China in Korean and Caucasian patients and was designed to determine the safety profile (including maximum tolerated dose), pharmacokinetics, and efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumors. Thirty-one adult patients with advanced malignant solid tumors were enrolled to investigate 6 dose levels of rivoceranib. Twenty-five patients were initially enrolled to 5 dose levels of rivoceranib from 81 to 685 mg and an additional 6 patients were later enrolled in a supplemental study to evaluate the 805 mg dose level. Rivoceranib was very well tolerated. At the 805 mg dose level, 2 dose-limiting toxicities were observed but the 685 mg dose was well tolerated over multiple cycles of therapy. The maximum tolerated dose for rivoceranib was 685 mg (equivalent to 850 mg rivoceranib mesylate) and recommended for further study in patients with advanced solid tumors. The most common adverse events were hypertension (all grades %/≥G3%: 58/29), nausea (42/0), diarrhea (39/0), anorexia (32/3), and fatigue (29/6). Rivoceranib pharmacokinetics were proportional across all dose levels but interpatient variability was high. Of the 31 patients enrolled, 21 were evaluable for efficacy. In this evaluable group, partial response was recorded in 5 patients, stable disease in 10, and disease progression in 6. Results indicate the potential clinical benefit of daily rivoceranib in patients with advanced malignant solid tumors with a tolerable safety profile.Trial registration: NCT01497704 (ClinicalTrials.gov) registered on December 22, 2011 and NCT02711969 (ClinicalTrials.gov) registered on March 17, 2016.
TaBG1 Increases Seed Size and Alters Nutritional Characteristics of the Grain in Wheat But Does Lead to Increased Yields.
Authors: Milner Matthew J. , Bowden Sarah , Craze Melanie , Wallington Emma J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Grain size is thought to be a major component of yield in many plant species. Here we set out to understand if knowledge from other cereals such as rice could translate to increased yield gains in wheat and lead to increased nitrogen use efficiency. Previous findings that the overexpression of OsBG1 in rice increased yields while increasing seed size suggest translating gains from rice to other cereals may help to increase yields. Results: The orthologous genes of OsBG1 were identified in wheat. One homoeologous wheat gene was cloned and overexpressed in wheat to understand its role in controlling seed size. Potential alteration in the nutritional profile of the grains were also analyzed in wheat overexpressing TaBG1. It was found that increased TaBG1-A expression could indeed lead to larger seed size but was linked to a reduction in seed number per plant leading to no significant overall increase in yield. Other important components of yield such as biomass or tillering did not change significantly with increased TaBG1-A expression. The nutritional profile of the grain was altered, with a significant decrease in the Zn levels in the grain associated with increased seed size, but Fe and Mn concentrations were unchanged. Protein content of the wheat grain also fell under moderate N fertilization levels but not under deficient or adequate levels of N.Conclusions: TaBG1 does control seed size in wheat but increasing the seed size per se does not increase yield and may come at the cost of lower concentrations of essential elements as well as potentially lower protein content. Nevertheless, TaBG1 could be a useful target for further breeding efforts in combination with other genes for increased biomass.
Synergistic Effect of Anti-Thymocyte Globulin Combined with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide for Dual T Cell Modulation in Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation for Poor Prognosis Acute Leukemia.
Authors: Barkhordar Maryam , Mousavi Seied Asadollah , Kasaeian Amir , Tavakoli Sahar , Vaezi Mohammad , Fumani Hossein Kamranzadeh , Rad Soroush , Bahri Tanaz , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: In the evolution of haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT), the implementation of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)-based and high-dose posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy)-based regimens has improved patient outcomes. We hypothesized that the combination of ATG and PTCy in the correct sequence and with proper timing has a synergistic effect on immune tolerance. The purpose of the study was to discover whether the concomitant use of ATG and PTCy would be advantageous for haplo-SCT and which subgroup of patients would receive the most benefit.Methods: This cohort was conducted on 119 patients with poor prognosis acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who underwent haplo-SCT with peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) sources and myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimens using a uniform protocol in our center from 2010 to 2019. The outcomes of patients who received a combination of rabbit ATG (2.5 mg/kg/d for three days) plus modified PTCy (40 mg/kg/d on days +3 and +4) (n=100) was compared with those of patients who received an ATG-only regimen (n=19). The median follow-up was 35.8 months. Both arms shared similar characteristics, except for the median donor age, the distribution of relationships, and the median time between diagnosis and transplantation.Results: The cumulative incidence of acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) grade II-IV was significantly lower in the ATG-PTCy group (P < 0.0001), although the incidence of 30-day neutrophil engraftment was higher in the ATG group (P = 0.036). The overall outcome was not significantly different between the two arms. Subgroup analyses stratified by disease status separately for AML and ALL indicated 3-year leukemia-free survival rates of 72% and 24.6% for the first remission of intermediate-high risk AML and ALL; 34.4% and 34.5% for recurrent disease; and 46% and 33.3% for refractory disease.Conclusion: Our experience indicates that the combination of ATG +PTCy in the context of MAC and PBSC sources offers satisfactory outcomes for patients with intermediate-high risk AML receiving haplo-SCT during the first remission; however, some modifications are recommended to improve the results of other subgroups.
Factors Affecting Rehabilitation of Infants With Central Coordination Disorders During a Three-month-long Observation
Authors: Andrzejewska Malgorzata , Hap Katarzyna , Biernat Karolina , Sutkowska Edyta , Demczyszak Iwona , Marciniak Dominik , Kuciel Natalia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background:Central coordination disorders (CCD) encompass various abnormalities observed in infants but early therapy may have an impact on their condition.The aim was to seek factors that may affect the early results of therapy of infants with CCD.Methods: In our retrospective study results of three-month therapy of infants, aged 1 to 6 months, with CCD were analysed regards to the effectiveness and the potential impact of different factors. Therapy and assessment of children were conducted with the use of the Vojta method, which was performed during the first (WW) and the follow-up visit (after 3 months- 1WK). The analysis of the influence of various factors on the effect of therapy included: mother's age at the time of delivery, duration of breastfeeding, child APGAR, gestational age in which the child was born, sex of the child, birth weight, age of the child at WW, type of delivery, craniosacral therapy as an additive treatment.Results:Based on the examination results from 66 medical records it was demonstrated that after 3 months of therapy, improvement was observed in 54 (81.81%) children. The sole factor impacting improvement after 3 months was the age of the child at WW, when the child started therapy. This factor significantly (p=0.002) increased the chance of achieving improvement - by 3.2 times. No statistical differences were shown for the other studied factors.ConclusionsThe age of the child at the beginning of the treatment had a significant impact on early (3 mo) improvement.
Fractalkine Deficiency Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury and Podocytes Apoptosis by Targeting PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway
Authors: Gong Qiming , Ma Jingxue , Pan Xiuhong , Jiang Yan , Yang Fafen , You Yanwu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Podocytes injury is a major biomarker of primary glomerular disease that leads to massive proteinuria and kidney failure. The increased production of chemokine Fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) implicated as a hallmark in multiple inflammatory disease. However, the underlying mechanism of FKN on podocytes injury remains unknown. Here, we studied the effects of FKN in LPS-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in wild type (WT) and FKN knockout (FKN-KO) mice. LPS stimulation resulted in kidney damage, increased expression of Bcl-2 family apoptosis protein while decreased the podocytes marker protein (nephrin and podocin) abundance compared with the control. LPS-induced FKN-KO mice exhibited reduced lethality and attenuated inflammatory cells infiltration, podocytes apoptosis and PI3K/Akt signal pathway inhibition compared with WT mice. Depletion of FKN served a protective effect in LPS-induced AKI by activating the PI3K/Akt signal pathway. In cultured podocytes, the interaction between FKN and PI3K/Akt signal pathway is well confirmed. FKN knockdown reduced podocytes apoptosis by regulating the Bcl-2 family, while this protective effect was reversed by co-administration of PI3K/Akt inhibitor (LY294002). These studies reveal a novel mechanistic property of FKN, PI3K/Akt signal and podocytes apoptosis.