bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emissions from 3D Printers as Occupational Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Pavlovska Ilona , Martinsone Žanna , Kļaviņa Aneka , Akūlova Lāsma , Paegle Linda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
While many people work remotely during the pandemic, three-dimensional (3D) printers are working to ensure the medical personnel and general public with the necessary specific materials. Ease of use, low cost, fast prototyping, and a wide range of materials are the advantages of 3D technology that can quickly adapt to specific needs in different application areas and result in increased popularity. The aim was to analyse the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted in 3D printing zone where printers are located throughout the room around the perimeter and where orthopaedics and designers develop models during their full shift. The average ultrafine particles (UFP) concentration level fluctuates from 4×103 to 26×103 particles/cm3 that exceed the background level (<3×103 particles/cm3) during 8 h-shift. Microclimate was evaluated as unsatisfied regarding permissible values for air quality at workplaces: air temperature exceeds permissible upper level +25 °C, relative humidity was 21.5 % and air velocity ≤0.05 m/s. The highest particles’ number concentrations in the nano-scale range (<0.1 μm) and significantly higher mass concentrations in the coarse particle range (>2.5 μm) were detected. The median diameters of particle number (0.019, 0.014, 0.015 μm) and mass concentrations (4.394, 4.433, and 4.677 μm) were similar in all observed premises. Total VOC concentration was increased and specific substances such as toluene and formaldehyde (0.56±0.1 and 0.23±0.034 mg/m3) were found at high concentration in comparison with indoor air quality recommendations.
Ni Underlayer Effect for the Structure Development and Visible Light Photocatalytic Efficiency of Carbon-Doped TiO2 Film
Authors: Demikyte Emilija , Sakalauskaite Sandra , Kuliesiene Neringa , Tuckute Simona , Urbonavicius Marius , Varnagiris Sarunas , Daugelavicius Rimantas , Lelis Martynas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Photocatalytic treatment of contaminated aqueous solutions makes use of the specific interaction between photocatalysts and ultra-violet or visible light irradiation. This method belongs to the wider class of Advanced Oxidation Processes that generates reactive oxygen species (peroxides, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, etc.) and uses them for the non-selective oxidation of various organic and inorganic compounds. In THE current study magnetron sputtering technique was used to deposit carbon-doped TiO2 films which are known to have significant photocatalytic activity in the visible light spectra and can be used for the neutralisation of contaminated solutions. Structural properties of the as-deposited films were analysed by XRD, XPS and AFM techniques, whereas their visible light photocatalytic activity was estimated by analysing Rhodamine B solution bleaching kinetics. When carbon-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were formed on borosilicate glass XRD analysis showed that they consisted of mixed phase (rutile-anatase) TiO2 where both phases contributed by similar parts. However, when the same deposition procedure was used to deposit carbon-doped TiO2 films on glass covered by Ni layer, formation of metastable anatase phase was enhanced. Estimation of visible light photocatalytic activity of the films revealed that Ni underlayer had positive effect for the efficiency of Rhodamine B solution bleaching and it could be beneficial for the practical wastewater treatment systems. It was suggested that observed improvement was mainly achieved due to the structural changes of TiO2 crystal phase, but other mechanisms like prevention of impurity diffusion from the glass substrate to the carbon-doped TiO2 film, or positive Ni doping effect could not be excluded completely.
Effect of Polysorbates on the Growth of Rhodotorula Glutinis in Oil Rich Medium
Authors: Raita Svetlana , Spalvins Kriss , Raits Evalds , Silicka Inese , Blumberga Dagnija 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present study has investigated the effect of oil rich medium supplementation with polysorbates Tween 20, 40 and 80, for the cultivation of red oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis. R. glutinis has been cultivated in yeast extract peptone glucose modified broth (mYPG) supplemented with 2 % of waste cooking rapeseed oil and three polysorbate types with 0.5 %, 1 %, 2%, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 % and 10 % concentration each. Yeast biomass was measured by the thermogravimetric method at 105 °C each day during 7-day experiment. The oil rich medium supplementation with Tween 20, 40 and 80 at concentrations ranging from 2 % to 10 % significantly increased the biomass of R. glutinis. All three types of the studied polysorbates with 0.5 % and 1 % concentration, did not affect yeast growth and the dry biomass – results were similar to the control sample without polysorbate addition. Between the three types of polysorbates, Tween 20 was selected as the preferable for R. glutinis cultivation with an optimal concentration of 2 %. Cultivation of R. glutinis in oil rich medium with polysorbates Tween 20, 40 and 80, supplementation up to 10 % concentration did not have had an inhibitory effect on the biomass growth.
Mechanical and Metallurgical Characterisation of CO2 Laser Beam Welding AISI 4130 and AISI 310 Sheets of Steel
Authors: Reddy Bijivemula Narayana , Hema Pothur , Reddy Chevireddy Eswara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Laser Beam Welding (LBW) is the fusion welding technique in which coalescence is produced by heating the work piece by impingement of concentrated beam of laser light. In this paper a full depth butt welding of alloy steel AISI 4130 and stainless steel AISI 310 of 2 mm thickness by using CO2 Laser Beam Welding machine has been performed. Design of experiment is done by using Taguchi method L25 i.e. level 5 by considering process parameters i.e. power, welding speed, beam angle, focal point position and focal length. The experimental output results that are measured for the mechanical properties of welds (Ultimate Tensile Strength and Hardness). The analysis was carried out to explain the influence of the LBW processing parameters values on the mechanical and microstructural aspects. The weld Joint is analysed by Optical Microstructure and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX) was carried out to determinate the chemical composition of the weld zone.
Effect of Selected Components on Combustion of Methane
Authors: Andrej Chríbik , Matej Minárik , Marián Polóni 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Article discusses the effect of various gases on the combustion of methane in LGW 702 combustion engine intended for use in cogeneration unit. The measured results were evaluated for internal, performance and economic parameters of the combustion engine the ideal operating parameters can be set. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of combustible carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and nitrogen on the parameters.
Gas Turbine Aerodynamics Improvement Via a Design of Intelligent Fractional Control
Authors: Abdesselam Debbah , Hamid Kherfane , Ridha Kelaiaia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Gas turbines are complex processes characterized by the instability and uncertainty of various sources. The range of useful operating in an axial compressor which is part of a turbine gas is limited by aerodynamic instabilities that are surge and rotating stall. This paper presents two intelligent fractional order sliding mode controllers. At first, a robust sliding fractional surface form is proposed to deal with hazardous phenomena which limit compression systems performance, and speed transitions, which can lead to temporary stall development, pressure drop at the output, degrade the effective operation of compressors and consequently gas turbines. Second, to reduce the chattering/fluctuation in control, a fuzzy logic and finite time criterion are used as switching control at the reaching phase in the sliding mode control. Additionally, the controller gains are obtained by offline multi-objective Particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) search. Finally, the surge and rotating stall of a Variable Speed Axial Compressor (VSAC) in a gas turbine are investigated under the system nonlinearities and also in presence of an external disturbance and perturbations. The simulation results signify the performance of the two MOPSO-based fractional sliding mode controllers.
Reality and Vision of the Architecture for Cogeneration Plants for Energy Recovery
Authors: Ján Ilkovič , Yakoub Meziani 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Energetics is connected with industry development of the country and determines its geographic layout into certain extent. This fact defines an important and also priority position of energetics in a developed society. On the other side it evokes trying to reach sustainability of the environment and nowadays also trying to reach decreasing of the carbon footprint of human activities. The goal of the article is to present general criteria for localisation of energetic cogeneration plants on biogass base, factors presentation and confrontation of current examples and new trends in shaping architecture under the influence of the development of modern technique and technology. The article analyses mass-composition and architectonic aspects of energetic plants of the chosen performed examples and on the model studies it documents the vision of new solutions on the background of equal, non-invasive and eco-friendly architecture in the surroundings.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Processing Parameters in WEDM with Stainless Steel-304 for Die-Angular Cutting
Authors: Van Sy Le 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper is focusing on the improvement of the accuracy of WEDM process for machining the precision-die angular stainless-steel parts. The controllable parameters are studied and analyzed by using Response Surface Method technique with respect to the responses of dimensional accuracy and surface quality. Then, these models are optimized by using the multi-objective optimization technique to realize optimal processing parameters. These optimal controllable parameters are ready for WEDM operating technicians’ use.
Dual Mass Flywheel Parameter Identification
Authors: Ľuboš Magdolen , Ján Danko , Tomáš Milesich , Tomáš Nemec , Karol Sloboda , Jozef Bucha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Reducing emissions brings changes in the design of internal combustion engines and thus new challenges for dual-mass flywheels (DMF) in terms of Noise Vibration and Harshness (NVH). The first part of the article describes a simple model of a centrifugal pendulum. Consequently, a more complicated DMF dynamic model involves friction between the spring components. The second part of the article deal with the multibody model of DMF using a CAD model. The dynamic model consists of a torsion spring and two bodies. The model is compared with the experimental method, which is also described in the paper.
Influencing Geometrical Parameters of Tools in Friction Stirring Technology: A Short Review
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Handa Amit , Singh Sahib Sartaj 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Friction stirring based “Green” processes are ruled by geometrical and process aspects of the tools used for generating desired properties in the processed materials. Considering only geometrical aspects, the developments in tool geometry, its modifications with the time, profiles and their corresponding impacts on the property generation are addressed in the present work. It is a censorious and judicious review which consolidates the relevant information apropos of all geometrical aspects of tools and their roles in property generation.
Linguistics and Deception Detection (DD): A Work in Progress
Authors: Christiansen Thomas Wulstan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Linguistic Deception Detection DD is a well-established part of forensic linguistics and an area that continues to attract attention on the part of researchers, self-styled experts, and the public at large. In this article, the various approaches to DD within the general field of linguistics are examined. The basic method is to treat language as a form of behaviour and to equate marked linguistic behaviour with other marked forms of behaviour. Such a comparison has been identified in other fields such as psychology and kinesics as being associated with stress linked to the attempt to deceive, typically in such contexts as examined here. Representative authentic examples of some of the most common linguistic indicators of deception that have been identified are discussed, dividing them into two general categories which we here introduce: language as revealer and language as concealer. We will argue that linguistic analysis for DD should be conducted relative to the subject’s individual linguistic patterns of behaviour, not on absolutes related to broad generalisations about what is supposedly normal or unmarked in the population at large. We will also briefly discuss some structured methods for linguistic analysis for DD and the prospect that technology and artificial intelligence will provide the means to automate and digitalise the linguistic DD process. We maintain that caution is advisable when considering these, as DD will, in all probability, always remain a work in progress, with the need for a flexible human evaluator ready to take into account many different aspects of the individual subject and the case in question.
The Concept and Functions of a Universal Language of Law
Authors: Doliwa Katarzyna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The subject of the article is the concept of a universal language and a reflection on its importance for law. The starting point is a presentation of the history of the concept of a common language for all mankind, a concept that has always accompanied man – it is present in the Bible, in the ancient writings of Near Eastern peoples, it was alive in the Middle Ages and during the Renaissance, and it experienced its particular heyday – among other reasons because of the gradual abandonment of Latin as the language of science – in the seventeenth century, an age that was reformist by definition. Since its inception, the concept of a universal language has been inextricably linked with the idea of world peace and universal happiness for all people. It is significant that in most universal language designs, regardless of the era, there were, to a greater or lesser extent, references to the utility of such languages for law. The author, tracing the development of the concept of a universal language, focuses on its fullest contemporary development: Esperanto. Esperanto, like previous universal language designs, places particular emphasis on ideas linked to the concept of a universal language, especially the idea of peaceful coexistence and understanding between peoples. In this context, it is reasonable to ask what role Esperanto can play in the development of certain branches of law, especially international law. Given the position of English as the language of legal acts of international importance, the answer to this question is currently not clear.
Risks of Using “Language Relief” and Plain Language Principles in the Process of Applying Tax Law – Selected Issues
Authors: Woltanowski Piotr 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The level of communicativeness of official letters in the field of tax law leaves much to be desired. The article concerns the consequences of the application of “Language Relief” in the practice of applying tax law by the National Revenue Administration. The author calls for the principles of plain language to be introduced first in relation to acts of state law, so that officials can adapt their letters to the plain language of the law. A reversal of this order poses significant risks to the protection of taxpayers’ rights since internal instructions and letter templates proposed on the NRA intranet will be used to a greater extent instead of legal acts.
Transparency of Approaches to International Law: A Short Story of an Unsung Hero
Authors: Stępień Michał 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article is about the problem of non-disclosure of an assumed method and approach to international law. That makes some real and current issues of international more difficult to grasp – and how to debate about something if there is a misunderstanding of the basics? The problem is depicted with two examples: the attitude of international law toward the statehood of Taiwan along with the on-going development of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine. Both reveal the clash between so-called black-letterism and a policy-approach to international law. Meanwhile the doctrinal method is fully functional and mostly accepted in domestic law, though often contested in international law. But after all, international law being sui generis law is not just an instance of the domestic-type law which is the effect of particular features of the international community.
THE PROBLEM OF REFORMING THE ARMENIAN VILAYETS OF TURKEY IN THE POLITICS OF THE LEADING POWERS IN 1908-1914
Authors: Ambartsumyan K. R. 
Published: December 2021

The current problem of the South Caucasus and Russian-Turkish interaction requires constantly to look back to the historical past, where the roots of all Caucasian ethno-territorial conflicts lie. In this regard, the problem of reforming the Armenian vilayets of the Ottoman Empire is urgent for modern international relations. Neither the genocide, nor the current difficulties of the Armenian-Turkish relations can be adequately considered without studying the situation around Armenia at the beginning of the 20th century.Above all, the author examines the problem of reforming the Armenian regions of the Ottoman Empire, taking into account the interests of the leading powers and is placed in the context of the pre-war peace and bloc confrontation. The main research approach of the study is neorealism, which makes the basis of international relations not only states with their interests, but also alliances of states. In addition to the published musical correspondence of Russian diplomats, the work uses sources of personal origin: the memoirs of S. D. Sazonov - the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire, the memoirs of the American Ambassador G. Morgenthau, the diary of the Dutch inspector Louis Konstan Westenenk, archival documents with A. Mandelstam's report on reform projects were introduced into scientific circulation. The study released that the most persistent and consistent position on the reforms of the Armenian vilayets was taken by Russia, which sought to secure the Caucasus, adjacent to Turkey. Refugees were striving from the vilayets to the Russian part of Armenia, therefore, calming down the Armenian population in the Turkish part would contribute to stability in the Caucasian outskirts. However, there was no unanimity in the Entente on the Armenian issue, the outbreak of the First World War prevented the implementation of the project prepared on the eve of the war, as a result, everything turned into genocide for the Armenian people.
Analisis Faktor Eksternal Yang Dominan Terhadap Biaya Overhead Proyek Konstruksi
Authors: Wijaya Hendi , Anondho Basuki 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTOverhead costs are one of the cost components that play an important role in the company's performance in maintaining good quality work. However, the overhead costs in a project are different and are influenced by several factors. One of the factors that influence it is the external factor of the project. The external factors of each project are different. This is because each project must adapt the workplace environment to certain functions, designs, and preferences. On that basis, to be able to better estimate the overhead in a project, further costs are needed for any external factors that affect construction overhead project costs, and a few percent of the direct costs of construction projects to anticipate the risks caused by overhead costs. . Data was collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to some people working in the construction sector from contractors in several regions in Indonesia. The analysis results obtained as many as 3 groups of external factors that affect construction project overhead costs, namely economic factors, legal factors, and sociocultural factors related to the COVID-19 pandemicABSTRAKBiaya overhead merupakan salah satu komponen biaya yang berperan dan berpengaruh penting terhadap kinerja perusahaan konstruksi dalam menjaga kualitas pekerjaan yang baik. Akan tetapi biaya overhead dalam suatu proyek berbeda-beda, dan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhinya ialah faktor eksternal proyek. Faktor eksternal dari setiap proyek berbeda-beda. Hal ini dikarenakan setiap proyek harus menyesuaikan lingkungan tempat kerja dengan fungsi, desain, serta prefensi tertentu. Atas dasar itu, untuk dapat lebih baik dalam mengestimasi biaya overhead dalam sebuah proyek maka diperlukan identifikasi lebih jauh terhadap faktor-faktor eksternal apa saja yang dominan berpengaruh terhadap biaya overhead proyek konstruksi, dan menyisihkan beberapa persen dari biaya langsung proyek konstruksi untuk mengantisipasi resiko yang disebabkan oleh biaya overhead. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur yang disebarkan kepada sejumlah orang yang bekerja di bidang konstruksi dari pihak kontraktor di beberapa wilayah di Indonesia. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh sebanyak 3 kelompok faktor eksternal yang dominan mempengaruhi biaya overhead proyek konstruksi, yaitu faktor ekonomi, faktor legal, dan faktor sosial-budaya yang juga berkenaan dengan adanya pandemi COVID-19.