bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process Design of a Multistage Drying Process via Flowsheet Simulation
Authors: Buchholz Moritz , Haus Johannes , Blesinger Lukas , Riemann Christian , Pietsch Swantje , Jäger Frank Kleine , Heinrich Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMultistage drying processes including spray drying and fluidized bed unit operations are challenging to design due to the dependencies of the preceding process steps. Flowsheet simulation offers the possibility to simulate a complete process by the application of suitable short‐cut models. In this contribution a novel model for a spray dryer based on a population balance approach is presented. Furthermore, a dynamic model for a fluidized bed dryer is introduced. Experimental data is used for validation and parameter optimization. The calibrated models are then used to design an industrial drying process of multiple drying stages.
Immobilization of β‐Galactosidase on Monolithic Discs for the Production of Prebiotics Galacto‐oligosaccharides
Authors: Pottratz Ines , Schmidt Christoph , Müller Ines , Hamel Christof 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFour different activated methacrylatic monoliths, acting as pore‐through‐flow membrane reactors in order to reduce enzyme costs and mass‐transfer limitations, were characterized as support for immobilization of β‐galactosidase to produce galacto‐oligosaccharides (GOS). GOS synthesis was studied in different operation modes. A higher affinity of the immobilized enzyme towards the transgalactosylation reaction could be obtained, which results in desired GOS with higher degree of polymerisation. Kinetic models were successfully parametrized forming a basis for process modeling and optimization.
Identifying key factors for the effectiveness of pancreatic cancer screening: A model‐based analysis
Authors: Koopmann Brechtje D. M. , Harinck Femme , Kroep Sonja , Konings Ingrid C. A. W. , Naber Steffie K. , Lansdorp‐Vogelaar Iris , Fockens Paul , van Hooft Jeanin E. , Cahen Djuna L. , van Ballegooijen Marjolein , Bruno Marco J. , de Kok Inge M. C. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC) survival is poor, as detection usually occurs late, when treatment options are limited. Screening of high‐risk individuals may enable early detection and a more favorable prognosis. Knowledge gaps prohibit establishing the effectiveness of screening. We developed a Microsimulation Screening Analysis model to analyze the impact of relevant uncertainties on the effect of PC screening in high‐risk individuals. The model simulates two base cases: one in which lesions always progress to PC and one in which indolent and faster progressive lesions coexist. For each base case, the effect of annual and 5‐yearly screening with endoscopic ultrasonography/magnetic resonance imaging was evaluated. The impact of variance in PC risk, screening test characteristics and surgery‐related mortality was evaluated using sensitivity analyses. Screening resulted in a reduction of PC mortality by at least 16% in all simulated scenarios. This reduction depended strongly on the natural disease course (annual screening: −57% for “Progressive‐only” vs −41% for “Indolent Included”). The number of screen and surveillance tests needed to prevent one cancer death was impacted most by PC risk. A 10% increase in test sensitivity reduced mortality by 1.9% at most. Test specificity is important for the number of surveillance tests. In conclusion, screening reduces PC mortality in all modeled scenarios. The natural disease course and PC risk strongly determines the effectiveness of screening. Test sensitivity seems of lesser influence than specificity. Future research should gain more insight in PC pathobiology to establish the true value of PC screening in high‐risk individuals.
Planar Iron Hydride Nanoclusters: Combined Spectroscopic and Theoretical Insights into Structures and Building Principles
Authors: Chakraborty Uttam , Bügel Patrick , Fritsch Lorena , Weigend Florian , Bauer Matthias , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe controlled assembly of well‐defined planar nanoclusters from molecular precursors is synthetically challenging and often plagued by the predominant formation of 3D‐structures and nanoparticles. Herein, we report planar iron hydride nanoclusters from reactions of main group element hydrides with iron(II) bis(hexamethyldisilazide). The structures and properties of isolated Fe4, Fe6, and Fe7 nanoplatelets and calculated intermediates enable an unprecedented insight into the underlying building principle and growth mechanism of iron clusters, metal monolayers, and nanoparticles.
Effects of annealing time on physical and mechanical properties of PVDF microporous membranes by a melt extrusion‐stretching process
Authors: Men Shulin , Gao Zhihao , Wen Rongyan , Tang Jie , Zhang Jian Min 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolyvinylidene fluoride‐based separators for secondary battery have attracted enormous attention both in academia and in industries during the last decade. In this study, a facile, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly melt extrusion‐stretching (MES) process was applied to prepare high performance PVDF microporous membranes for separator applications. In order to achieve a balance between the formation of row‐nucleated lamellar structure and sufficient lamellae separation during stretching, a blend of high‐ and low‐molecular‐weight PVDF grades was chosen as raw material. Meanwhile, the effects of annealing time on physical and mechanical properties of PVDF cast films and membranes were systematically investigated, demonstrating that 6 h @145°C annealing treatment can lead to a preferable crystalline structure for the following stretching process. Therefore, PVDF membrane with high porosity, high electrolyte uptake ratio, and superior tensile strength was obtained by this MES process. Interestingly, the increase of β phase content by stretching was not significant for this PVDF membrane, revealing that the formation of micropores/microfibrils in the stretching process would lead to stress relaxation and less crystalline structure conversion.
Posthospitalization follow‐up recommendations after pediatric critical illness due to respiratory failure
Authors: Yagiela Lauren M. , Pfarr Marie A. , Meert Kathleen L. , Odetola Fola O. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize the recommended posthospitalization follow‐up by provider type and location after a pediatric critical illness due to respiratory failure.Working hypothesisAfter pediatric critical illness due to respiratory failure, patients will not have a standard follow‐up pattern with regard to provider type or follow‐up location.Study designA retrospective cohort study.Subject selectionChildren, 18 years or younger, admitted to a quaternary care pediatric intensive care unit with respiratory failure between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014.MethodologyFor eligible patients, recommendations for posthospitalization follow‐up including provider type (primary care and specialty care) and location (community care center vs. tertiary care center) were characterized from medical chart review. Recommendations were examined for all patients and two patient subgroups (patients who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and patients with tracheostomy).ResultsOf 155 patients alive at hospital discharge, the median age was 2.1 (interquartile range, 0.7–10.6) years. Eighty percent of patients were instructed to follow‐up with a primary care provider but only 52.9% with a pulmonologist. We found 10 unique follow‐up patterns between provider location (community care center, tertiary care center, or both) and global provider type (primary care versus specialty care). Primary care follow‐up was recommended more often at community locations (74.2%), whereas specialty care was more often recommended at tertiary care centers (68.6%).ConclusionsOur study findings demonstrate significant variability in the recommendations for follow‐up by provider type and location after hospitalization for acute respiratory failure and highlight areas for improvement in follow‐up care after pediatric critical illness.
Small land cover changes in the transboundary Kootenai River basin greatly alter water quality
Authors: Stickney Emily , Kunza Lisa , Hoffman Gregory , Chowanski Kurt 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncreased nutrient loading in aquatic environments can have a long‐lasting influence on ecosystem processes and functions. The Kootenai River was historically oligotrophic, but nitrate levels have been steadily increasing since the mid‐2000s, while phosphorus levels have remained low. Our study objective was to evaluate the current nutrient distribution throughout the Kootenai River watershed in the context of land use and land cover change. Each of the three land cover types we assessed, agriculture, developed areas, and surface mines, encompass less than 1% of the land area in the Kootenai River watershed. We measured nitrate, ammonium, and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) monthly at sites spanning 400 river km on the Kootenai River, and co‐located tributary sites in British Columbia, Canada, and Montana and Idaho, USA. During July 2017, we measured the same nutrients along each of the selected tributaries with co‐located sites at sub‐catchment tributaries. Sites were selected to include a range of contributing drainage areas identified as agricultural, developed, or mining. Nutrient concentrations ranged from 0.012 to 4.299 mg/L for nitrate, 0.0005–0.02 mg/L for ammonium, and 0.003–0.076 mg/L for SRP. Nitrate concentrations were elevated downstream of mining land cover, and decreased with distance from the mining areas; however, nitrate remained elevated compared to sites not affected by mining activity. If the imbalance of N:P continues to increase due to nitrate loading, resources available to biota may become skewed, resulting in alterations to ecosystem processes and functions critical to support the biodiversity in the Kootenai River.
NHC Organocatalysis in D2O for the Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Deuterated Spiropyran Analogues
Authors: Suresh Pavithira , Thamotharan Subbiah , Selva Ganesan Subramaniapillai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMetal‐free N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis in D2O medium was elegantly utilised for the synthesis of highly diastereoselective deuterated spiropyran derivatives. Selective deuteration was exclusively achieved on the C5 carbon atom of the pyran ring. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to prove the preferential formation of a single diastereomer from the possible four diastereomers. The scope of NHC organocatalysis in D2O was also extended for the synthesis of deuterated spirooxindole derivative.
Sustainability of supply chains: Is there alignment?
Authors: Borella Margareth Rodrigues de Carvalho , Barcellos Paulo Fernando Pinto , Borella Lucas de Carvalho 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA sustainable supply chain, beyond green, must operate within a suitable financial structure, as well as contribute value to the society (Cuthbertson, 2011), being the three main sustainable dimensions for any organization. The aim of this work is to verify to what extent organizations configured in supply chains (SC) are aligned with sustainability and with each other, in the triple bottom line context. We analyzed the sustainability of supply chain of four organizations positioned in the condition of governance of their supply chain belonging to the commerce, industry, service, and public service sectors, all of which are recognized in the region and in the state, they are located by their social, financial, or environmental performances. We used mathematical alignment calculations based on the theoretical profile and profile deviation techniques to obtain indices of alignment with sustainability. The main finding was the medium‐ to high‐level alignment among SC members, whose practices are moderately sustainable. In addition, the work has an educative role while proposing a sustainability matrix in which it is possible to position the supply chain governance and its members and infer about the convergence of the sustainable practices between them.
Oculocutaneous albinism in a wild koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) with unusual renal impairment
Authors: Gonzalez‐Astudillo Viviana , Palmieri Chiara , Shaw Stephanie , Allavena Rachel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn albino koala with progressive weight loss was submitted twice to a wildlife clinic. Due to poor prognosis, the koala was euthanised. Relevant histopathology findings include a membranous glomerulopathy and renal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed thickening of the mesangial matrix and glomerular basement membrane and a few dense deposits suggestive of a chronic nephropathy. Albinism in koalas is rare, and this report describes general features of wildlife albinism as well as drawing a comparison to a well‐described amelanotic syndrome in humans that typically results in a severe glomerulopathy due to circulating or in situ immune complexes.
Persistent right aortic arch and absent left subclavian artery in a seven‐week‐old English Springer Spaniel
Authors: Rowan Conor , Bilek Andrea , Böhler Alexandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA seven‐week‐old English Springer Spaniel presented with recurrent vomiting that began with the introduction of solid food. No musculoskeletal issues such as lameness were identified. On radiography, focal dilation of the oesophagus cranial to the heart base was identified. CT angiography confirmed the suspected persistent right aortic arch. A concurrent absent left subclavian artery was identified that has not been reported in detail previously. In addition, a bicarotid trunk and right subclavian artery branched directly from the aortic arch in lieu of a brachiocephalic trunk. A collateral blood supply via an intercostal and vertebral artery furnished the branches of the absent left subclavian artery. The dog developed aspiration pneumonia, deteriorated and was euthanised.
Flower preformation in the nival plant Ranunculus glacialis L.: shoot architecture and impact of the growing season length on floral morphogenesis and developmental dynamics
Authors: Mauracher Stephanie , Wagner Johanna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFlower preformation is a widespread phenomenon in perennial plants from temperate and cold regions. An advanced preformation status reduces the prefloration period and thus increases the chance to mature seeds in time. Despite the particular importance of this strategy for high-mountain plants, studies are rare. Here we investigated how the length of the growing season impacts floral development, and to what extent floral development is synchronized with reproductive phenophases in the arctic-alpine speciesRanunculus glacialisL. The study was carried out in the alpine-nival ecotone in the European Central Alps at sites with different snowmelt dates. Individuals were sampled at regular intervals throughout the growing season, and shoot architecture and changes in floral structures were analysed in detail using different microscopic techniques.R. glacialisindividuals consist of a cluster of independent ramets, comprising 3 sympodia each. Floral initiation terminates the vegetative growth of each sympodium 2–3 years before flowers become functional. A specific feature is that basal and distal leaves on a sympodium mature in different years. The date of snowmelt did not affect the speed of development but flower size and the number of lateral flowers within an inflorescence. Belowground floral preformation is closely linked to aboveground reproductive processes, however, continues below the snow in case winter conditions set in too early. The staggered preformation of architectural units creates a permanent belowground reserve pool of floral structures which might be advantageous in the climatically harsh and unpredictable high-mountain environment.
Household expenditure and child health in Vietnam: analysis of longitudinal data
Authors: Trinh Trong-Anh , Srivastava Preety , Brown Sarah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile the relationship between socioeconomic status and child health has been studied extensively in developed countries, evidence is limited for developing countries. This study makes an important contribution by examining the relationship between child health and household socioeconomic status in Vietnam, using household expenditure as an alternative measure. This also allows us to explore the mechanisms via which income affects child health, in which household consumption arguably plays a crucial role. We employ different measures of health that allow us to examine both long-run and short-run effects, and two alternative instrumental variables, the unemployment rate and rainfall deviation, to address the potential endogeneity of household expenditure. We find evidence of a strong positive impact of household expenditure on child health and the findings are consistent across age groups. Specifically, a 10% increase in expenditure will result in a weight gain of 213–541 g in a “typical” child. We also explore the effect of a range of exogenous adverse economic shocks on children's health.
Importin-αs are required for the nuclear localization and function of the Plasmopara viticola effector PvAVH53
Authors: Chen Tingting , Peng Jing , Yin Xiao , Li Meijie , Xiang Gaoqing , Wang Yuejin , Lei Yan , Xu Yan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlant pathogenic oomycetes deliver a troop of effector proteins into the nucleus of host cells to manipulate plant cellular immunity and promote colonization. Recently, researchers have focused on identifying how effectors are transferred into the host cell nucleus, as well as the identity of the nuclear targets. In this study, we found that the RxLR effector PvAVH53 from the grapevine (Vitis vinifera) oomycete pathogen Plasmopara viticola physically interacts with grapevine nuclear import factor importin alphas (VvImpα and VvImpα4), localizes to the nucleus and triggers cell death when transiently expressed in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) cells. Deletion of a nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence from PvAVH53 or addition of a nuclear export signal (NES) sequence disrupted the nuclear localization of PvAVH53 and attenuated its ability to trigger cell death. Suppression of two tobacco importin-α genes, namely, NbImp-α1 and NbImp-α2, by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) also disrupted the nuclear localization and ability of PvAVH53 to induce cell death. Likewise, we transiently silenced the expression of VvImpα/α4 in grape through CRISPR/Cas13a, which has been reported to target RNA in vivo. Finally, we found that attenuating the expression of the Importin-αs genes resulted in increased susceptibility to the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici in N. benthamiana and P. viticola in V. vinifera. Our results demonstrate that importin-αs are required for the nuclear localization and function of PvAVH53 and are essential for host innate immunity. The findings provide insight into the functions of importin-αs in grapevine against downy mildew.
The genome of Medicago polymorpha provides insights into its edibility and nutritional value as a vegetable and forage legume
Authors: Cui Jiawen , Lu Zhaogeng , Wang Tianyi , Chen Gang , Mostafa Salma , Ren Hailong , Liu Sian , Fu Chunxiang , Wang Li , Zhu Yingfang , Lu Jinkai , Chen Xiang , Wei Zhenwu , Jin Biao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMedicago polymorpha is a nutritious and palatable forage and vegetable plant that also fixes nitrogen. Here, we reveal the chromosome-scale genome sequence of M. polymorpha using an integrated approach including Illumina, PacBio and Hi-C technologies. We combined PacBio full-length RNA-seq, metabolomic analysis, structural anatomy analysis and related physiological indexes to elucidate the important agronomic traits of M. polymorpha for forage and vegetable usage. The assembled M. polymorpha genome consisted of 457.53 Mb with a long scaffold N50 of 57.72 Mb, and 92.92% (441.83 Mb) of the assembly was assigned to seven pseudochromosomes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that expansion and contraction of the photosynthesis and lignin biosynthetic gene families, respectively, led to enhancement of nutritious compounds and reduced lignin biosynthesis in M. polymorpha. In addition, we found that several positively selected nitrogen metabolism-related genes were responsible for crude protein biosynthesis. Notably, the metabolomic results revealed that a large number of flavonoids, vitamins, alkaloids, and terpenoids were enriched in M. polymorpha. These results imply that the decreased lignin content but relatively high nutrient content of M. polymorpha enhance its edibility and nutritional value as a forage and vegetable. Our genomic data provide a genetic basis that will accelerate functional genomic and breeding research on M. polymorpha as well as other Medicago and legume plants.
Cytokinin but not gibberellin application had major impact on the phenylpropanoid pathway in grape
Authors: Tyagi Kamal , Maoz Itay , Kochanek Bettina , Sela Noa , Lerno Larry , Ebeler Susan E. , Lichter Amnon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCytokinin and gibberellic acid (GA) are growth regulators used to increase berry size in seedless grapes and it is of interest to understand their effects on the phenylpropanoid pathway and on ripening processes. GA3 and synthetic cytokinin forchlorfenuron (N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea, CPPU) and their combination were applied to 6 mm diameter fruitlets of ‘Sable Seedless’, and berries were sampled 51 and 70 days (d) following application. All treatments increased berry size and delayed sugar accumulation and acid degradation with a stronger effect of CPPU. CPPU, but not GA, reduced berry color and the levels of anthocyanins. While CPPU reduced the levels of anthocyanins by more than 50%, the combined treatment of GA+CPPU reduced the levels by about 25% at 51 d. CPPU treatment had minor effects on flavonols content but increased the levels of monomeric flavan-3-ols by more than two-fold. Phloroglucinol analysis using HPLC showed that proanthocyanidin content was significantly increased by CPPU, whereas mean degree of polymerization was reduced from 26 to 19. Volatile analysis by GC-MS showed changes in composition with CPPU or GA treatment with potential impact on flavor. RNA-seq analysis showed that GA had a minor overall effect on the transcriptome whereas CPPU had pronounced effects on gene expression at both 51 and 70 d. Comparing the control and CPPU at similar Brix of ca. 19.7°, a reduced expression of stilbene synthases (STSs) including their regulators MYB14 and MYB15, and other phenylpropanoid-related genes was observed in CPPU-treated grapes. Overall, our study shows that CPPU had a major influence on the phenylpropanoid pathway and affected multiple ripening-related processes.