bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoupling of Carbon and Nitrogen Under Elevated CO2 in a Typical Alpine Ecosystem
Authors: Zhao Guang , Chen Yao , Zhang Yangjian , Zhu Juntao , Cong Nan , Wang Li , Zheng Zhoutao , Chen Ning 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aims: Vegetation in high-altitude regions is hypothesized to be more responsive to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations due to low CO2 partial pressure. However, this hypothesis and the underlying mechanisms driving this response at an ecosystem scale are poorly understood. We aimed to exploring the biomass allocation and plant carbon-nitrogen relationships in response to elevated CO2 in a Tibet meadow.Methods: Here, a 5-year manipulation experiment was conducted in an alpine meadow (4585 m above sea level) to explore the responses of plant carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and biomass dynamics, as well as their allocation schemes, to elevated CO2 and N fertilization.Results: Elevated CO2 alone significantly enhanced aboveground plant biomass by 98.03 %, exhibiting a stronger CO2 fertilization effect than the global average level (20 %) for grasslands. In contrast to the belowground parts, elevated CO2 caused disproportionally aboveground tissues increment in association with C and N accumulation. These results suggest a potential C limitation for plant growth in alpine ecosystems. N fertilization alleviates the N constraints on CO2 fertilization effects, which strengthened C sequestration capacity for the aboveground plant tissues. Moreover, our results indicate a decoupling between C and N cycles in alpine ecosystems in the face of elevated CO2, especially in the N-enrichment environments.Conclusions: Overall, this study shows a high sensitivity of aboveground plant biomass and decoupled C-N relationships under elevated CO2 for high-elevation alpine ecosystems, highlighting the need to incorporate altitude effects into Earth System Models in predicting C cycle feedback to climate changes.
Risk Factors for Polymyxin B-associated Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Severe Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
Authors: Xu Ying , Liang Pei , Liu Ning , Dong Danjiang , Tang Jian , Liu Yang , Gu Qin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe occurrence of polymyxin B-associated kidney injury (AKI) has been reported in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for polymyxin B-associated AKI and renal function recovery in patients with severe gram-negative bacterial infections.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all severe gram-negative bacterial infection patients treated with polymyxin B admitted to Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Nanjing City, China, between December 2018 and May 2021. Based on the new onset of AKI within 1 week after polymyxin B treatment, patients were divided into two groups: the AKI group and the non-AKI group. Among the AKI group, the patients were divided into an AKI recovery group and a nonrecovery AKI group according to the recovery of renal function within one week of polymyxin B discontinuation. Clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatments and outcomes in these patients were collected and analysed.ResultsA total of 188 cases were included. There were 87 cases in the AKI group (46.3%) and 101 cases in the non-AKI group (53.7%). Compared with the non-AKI group, the proportions of hypertension, shock and bacteremia were significantly higher in the AKI group (P < 0.05). In the AKI group, the platelet count was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the serum creatinine (Scr) of the AKI group was dramatically higher than that of the non-AKI group (P< 0.001). Compared with the non-AKI group, the loading dose and daily dose of polymyxin B in the AKI group were obviously higher (P< 0.05). The proportion of polymyxin + carbapenems in the AKI group was significantly elevated compared with that in the non-AKI group (P<0.05). The 28-d mortality in the AKI group was significantly higher than that in the non-AKI group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) history and baseline Scr ≥60 µmol/L before polymyxin B administration were independent risk factors for AKI (P<0.05). Fifty-nine patients met the criteria for AKI recovery analysis from the AKI group. There were 27 cases of unrecovered AKI (45.8%) and 32 cases of recovered AKI (54.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified male sex as an independent predictor for unrecovered AKI in patients with polymyxin B treatment.ConclusionsPolymyxin B-associated AKI occurs frequently in patients with severe gram-negative bacterial infection, and some patients cannot recover within one week after discontinuation of polymyxin B. Scr≥60 µmol/L before medication was found to be the only independent risk factor for polymyxin B-associated AKI, and it was more difficult for male patients to recover from AKI.
Organic Pollutants Photo-Degradation by Steady g-C3N4 Nanorods for Wastewater Treatment Applications
Authors: Malik Nafisa , Majid Abdul , Nabi Ghulam , Hanafiah Marlia M. , Alharbi Thamer , Al-Habardi Mansour , Raza Waseem , Ali Wajid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The photo-catalysis is a promising method for the degradation of harmful organic pollutants existing in the wastewater. In this research work, degradation of organic pollutants (dyes) have been done proficiently for the wastewater treatment applications. The synthesized steady graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanorods have been examined by various sophisticated characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, UV-Vis and PL. The hexagonal phase of g-C3N4 has been showed in XRD analysis. SEM shows that the morphology of g-C3N4 consists of aggregated nanorods. The EDS depicting only two peaks which are carbon and nitrogen and nitrogen without impurities. According to the study of UV-Visible and PL, 2.77 eV band gap has been observed showing consistency. The steady g-C3N4 nanorods have been used for the degradation of prominent organic dyes such as: methylene orange (MO), methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine-B (Rh-B) for treatment of wastewater which is a dire need. The effect of catalyst mass loading and time have been studied for this purpose. This research depicted that the anion (•O2−) and holes (h+) are attributed to the degradation of organic pollutants. whose Rh-B, MB and MO dyes. Research based a tentative photocatalytic mechanism has also been proposed for waste treatment purpose.
Growth indices, Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Soil Enzyme Activity of wheat as Affected by Residual Effect of Phosphorus and Silicon
Authors: Jinger Dinesh , Dhar Shiva , Dass Anchal , Sharma VK , Shukla Livleen , Paramesh Venkatesh , Parihar Manoj , Joshi Neeshu , Joshi Ekta , Gupta Gaurendra , Singh Satyapriya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Silicon (Si) is known as a beneficial or quasi-essential element particularly for graminaceous crops, as Si increases dry matter accumulation and enhances resistance to lodging and drought. However, the combined application of phosphorus (P) and Si has a tremendous impact on the growth and yield of various crops. While the residual effect of Si and P application on growth, yield and soil biological activity in wheat were not ascertained. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the residual effect of Si and P on growth indices, yield, nutrient uptake, and soil enzyme activities of succeeding wheat crops. The four levels of Si (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg Si ha− 1) and P (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg P2O5 ha− 1) were applied to the preceding aerobic rice crop and their effect was evaluated in succeeding wheat crop. The results demonstrated a significant effect of Si and P on wheat growth, yield, nutrient uptake, and soil enzyme activities. The residual effect of 120 kg Si and 90 kg P2O5 ha− 1 significantly improved the grain yield of the succeeding wheat crop by 24–45%. Further, the residual Si and P remarkably improved Si, N, P, and K concentration in wheat grain by 35, 13.2, 45, and 56 %, respectively, over control. Similarly, an increase in the microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate, and alkaline phosphatase activity by 17.2, 33.5, 12.4, and 37.5%, respectively were observed in the residual application of 120 kg Si and 90 kg P2O5 ha− 1 over control. Therefore, the inclusion of Si and P could have great potential to improve soil enzyme activities and productivity of the wheat crop.
Convolutional Neural Network based Hurricane Damage Detection using Satellite Images
Authors: Kaur Swapandeep , Gupta Sheifali , Singh Swati , Koundal Deepika , Zaguia Atef 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Huge swirling storms known as hurricanes are tropical storms appearing in the North Atlantic Ocean and Northeast Pacific that result in winds of 120 km/hour and higher. The winds occurring during hurricanes are catastrophic resulting in immense damage to human life and property. Rapid assessment of damage caused by hurricanes is extremely important for the first responders. But this process is usually slow, expensive, labor intensive and prone to errors. The advancements in remote sensing and computer vision help in observing Earth at a different scale. In this paper, a Convolutional Neural Network model has been designed that assesses the damage caused to buildings of post hurricane satellite images. The images have been classified as Damaged and Undamaged. The model is composed of five convolutional layers, five pooling layers, one flattening layer, one dropout layer and two dense layers. Hurricane Harvey dataset consisting of 23000 images of size 128 X 128 pixels has been used in this paper. The proposed model performed best at learning rate of 0.00001 and 30 epochs with the Adam optimizer obtaining an accuracy of 0.95, precision of 0.97, recall of 0.96 and F1-score of 0.96. It also achieved the best accuracy and minimum loss.
Clinical and Epidemiological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant and postpartum women in Mozambique: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Charles Charles M'poca , Osman Nafissa Bique , Arijama Domingos , Matingane Benjamim , Sitoé Tomás , Kenga Darlene , Lorenzoni Cesaltina , Luís Elvira , Pacagnella Rodolfo , Sacarlal Jahit 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Although there is a significant increase of evidence regarding the prevalence and impact of COVID-19 on maternal and perinatal outcomes, data on the effects of the pandemic on the obstetric population in sub-Saharan African countries are still scarce. Therefore, the study aims were to assess the prevalence and impact of COVID-19 on maternal and neonatal outcomes in the obstetric population at Central Hospital of Maputo (HCM), Mozambique.
Methods

Prospective cohort study conducted at teaching and referral maternity, HCM, from 20 October 2020 to 22 July 2021. We collected maternal and perinatal outcomes up to six weeks postpartum of eligible women (pregnant and postpartum women - up to the 14th day postpartum) screened for COVID-19 (individual test for symptomatic participants and pool testing for asymptomatic). The primary outcome was maternal death, SARS and UCI admission. We estimated the COVID-19 prevalence and the unadjusted RR (95% CI) for maternal and perinatal outcomes. We used the chi-square or Fisher's exact test to compare qualitative variables (two-sided p-value < 0.05 for statistical significance).
Results

We included 239 participants. The overall prevalence of COVID-19 was 9.2% (22/239) and in the symptomatic group was 32.4 % (11/34). About 48% of the participants with COVID-19 were asymptomatic. Moreover, the most frequent symptoms were dyspnoea (33.3%), cough (28.6%), anosmia (23.8%), and fever (19%). Not having a partner, being pregnant, and consuming alcohol were vulnerability factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 among pregnant and postpartum women was associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal outcome, foetal death (RR = 4.0 [1.19–13.48]) and abortion/stillbirth 12.0 [7.7–18.7]). Conversely, we did not observe a significant difference in the primary outcomes between exposed and non-exposed groups.
Conclusion

The prevalence of COVID-19 in the obstetric population is higher than in the general population, and most pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19 infection are asymptomatic. Being pregnant, not having a partner and alcohol consumption were factors of greatest vulnerability to SARS-COV-2 infection. Data suggest that pregnant women with COVID-19 may have a higher risk of adverse gestational outcomes, reinforcing the need for universal testing and monitoring of this population group. However, more prospective and robust studies are needed to assess these outcomes.
Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Ascophyllum Nodosum Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Mishra Sunil Kumar , Sinha Saket , Singh Amit Kumar , Upadhyay Prabhat , Kalra Diya , Kumar Pradeep , Tiwari Kavindra Nath , Singh Rajan , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Arvind , Tripathi Alok 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Emerging field of green nanotechnology has gained the attention of biologists due to the cost-effective and environment friendly advancements. The most preferred method being by biological means involving plants and their extracts, in the present investigation silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesised by sunlight-driven method, coated with aqueous extract (AE) of whole plant powder of Ascophyllum nodosum. High-resolution Scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), High-resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and particle size analysis were used to determine the nature of nanoparticles. The techniques confirmed the formation of spherical and particles of desired range of size. AgNPs exhibited a much greater DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical scavenging activity which was almost six to seven folds more than that exhibited by the AE alone. Anti-leishmanial and cytotoxic activity was evaluated on Leishmania donovani promastigote and amastigote. This raises the possibility of utilization of green synthesised AgNPs in leishmaniasis treatment.
Vom prophetischen Traum zum krankheitsbedingten Delirium
Authors: Schäfer Iris 
Published: September 2021

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below]
Die Phänomene des Traums und Träumens als allnächtliche Konfrontation mit dem Fremden und Anderen des wachen (Er-)Lebens (vgl. Engel 2003, S. 153) wie auch der wachen Persönlichkeit üben eine nachhaltige Faszination aus, die maßgeblich auf ihre ambivalente Charakteristik zurückzuführen ist. Der/die Träumende befindet sich in einem Stadium jenseits der Realität, in einem Dazwischen von Leben und Tod, und ist »mit einer Erlebenswelt und einer Erlebensweise konfrontiert, die [Manfred Engel zufolge] auf ebenso evidente wie rätselhafte Weise anders sind als die des wachen Lebens« (ebd.).

From Predictive Dreaming to Pathological DeliriumNew Interpretations of Seldom-Addressed Types of Dreams in Children’s and Young Adult Literature
All major categories of dreams identified in psychoanalysis occur as literary dreams in children’s and young adult literature. However, there are some categories, such as predictive dreams and pathological delirium, which have rarely been addressed in the academic discussion. Using a transdisciplinary approach, this article analyses the characteristics and functions of both types of literary dreams in texts for young readers, in each case looking at a historical and a contemporary text in order to be able to trace its specific development. The article begins with an introduction of the characteristics and historical sources of literary dreams of both types. Then, with passing references to other texts that influenced the tradition of each type of literary dream, an analysis of Lou Andreas-Salomé’s novella Wolga (1902) and Siobhan Dowd/Patrick Ness’s young adult novel A Monster Calls (2011) addresses the predictive dream, while an analysis of E.T.A. Hoffmann’s literary fairy tale Nußknacker und Mausekönig (1816) and Libba Bray’s young adult novel Going Bovine (2009) addresses pathological delirium. The conclusion draws attention to the fundamental similarities between these two types of literary dreams and their functions.
»Lass dich nicht von Morpheus verführen …«
Authors: Zinn Laura 
Published: September 2021

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below]
In der Antike und den überlieferten antiken Mythen spielen Visionen bzw. Prophezeiungen und Träume – wie sich beispielsweise am Status des Orakels von Delphi als Omphalos (Giebel 2001, S. 7 f.) oder am vom römischen Philosophen Lukrez beschriebenen Beruf des Traumdeuters (Naf 2004, S. 90 f.) erkennen lasst – eine wichtige Rolle und nehmen ebenfalls politischen Einfluss (Trampedach 2015). Es ist daher nicht verwunderlich, dass auch gegenwärtige Mythenadaptionen, allen voran Rick Riordans Percy Jackson-Reihe bzw. mittlerweile korrekter: Reihen, in denen Percy Jackson mitunter als Crossover-Figur auftritt, auf Orakel, Prophezeiungen, Visionen und Träume vermehrt zurückgreifen.

»Don’t Let Morpheus Seduce You ...«Dreams, Oracles and Visions in Contemporary Retellings of Myths
Oracles and dreams, which had a prominent position in antiquity, appear in the wake of the success of Rick Riordan’s Percy Jackson series as frequent motifs in retellings of myths in contemporary young adult fantasy. This article examines three examples: Josephine Angelini’s Starcrossed trilogy (2011 – 2013), the first volume of Richard Normandon’s eponymous series La conspiration des dieux (2009) and Daniela Ohms’s two-volume Insel der Nyx (2013 – 2014). In these novels, the motifs serve to mirror typical topics of adolescence. Through their prophecies, the oracles circumscribe possible alter-native futures, and the protagonists react by either not complying or trying to prevent fulfilment. To regain self-determination, most of the young protagonists, and at least at one point in the narration, rebel against the predictions. Dreams (including daydreams), on the other hand, allow them to explore different concepts of identities. Oracles and dreams therefore become symbols for the changes that occur during adolescence. In this way, the ancient myths are reduced to a backdrop, making these novels similar to other novels in the genre, which might account (to a certain degree at least) for the current popularity of retellings of ancient myths in young adult novels.
Estimating kaolinite crystallinity using near-infrared spectroscopy: Implications for its geology on Earth and Mars
Authors: Pineau Maxime , Mathian Maximilien , Baron Fabien , Rondeau Benjamin , Le Deit Laetitia , Allard Thierry , Mangold Nicolas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Kaolinite is an Al-rich phyllosilicate commonly observed on Earth as a product of the chemical weathering of aluminosilicates. It has also been detected on the martian surface by orbital remote sensing observations. While the determination of the geological processes of formation of terrestrial kaolinite (i.e., hydrothermal activity, continental surface weathering, diagenesis) involves the coupling of field observation and multiple laboratory measurements, only geomorphology and associated minerals are generally available to determine their geological origin on Mars. Kaolinite crystallinity depends on many physicochemical parameters reflecting its conditions of crystallization. To determine if the near-infrared (NIR) spectral signature of kaolinite enables estimation of its crystallinity and furthermore if this method can be used to identify the geological processes involved in kaolinite formation, we carried out an in-depth analysis of NIR spectra of reference terrestrial kaolinites that formed in various geological contexts. We calculated second and third derivatives for each spectrum to highlight subtle variations in the spectral properties of kaolinite. This allowed the identification of 27 spectral contributions for the 4500 and 7000 cm−1 Al-OH-related regions of absorption bands. The position shifts and shape variations of these spectral contributions were intimately linked to variations of crystallinity, which was qualitatively estimated using Hinckley and Liétard XRD (dis)order indices. The results obtained show that the NIR signature of kaolinite is influenced by the stacking disorder of layers that has some influence on the vibrations of the interfoliar and inner Al-OH groups. Our study also confirms that: (1) well-ordered kaolinites are not restricted to hydrothermal deposits; (2) kaolinites from a similar sedimentary or pedogenetic context often display contrasting degrees of crystalline order; and (3) poorly ordered kaolinites are more likely to have a sedimentary or pedogenetic origin. Finally, this work highlights that obtaining spectra with sufficient spectral resolution could help to estimate the crystallinity of kaolinite and, in the best cases, its geological origin, both on Earth and Mars, especially with in situ NIR measurements.
Pyrite geochemistry and its implications on Au-Cu skarn metallogeny: An example from the Jiguanzui deposit, Eastern China
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chen Huayong , Cheng Jiamin , Tian Jing , Zhang Lejun , Olin Paul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Trace element geochemistry of pyrite is widely used to monitor ore-forming processes of various types of deposits, but its application to skarn mineral systems is not well constrained due to the multi-stage nature and complex associated mineral assemblages for skarn-type pyrite. The Jiguanzui skarn Au-Cu deposit in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Valley Metallogenic Belt (Eastern China) is characterized by abundant pyrite that formed in the main-ore (Py1), late-ore (Py2), and post-ore (Py3) stages, which makes it ideal for unraveling skarn ore-fluid evolution. Specifically, Py1 is composed of quartz–pyrite (Py1a), quartz–calcite–pyrite (Py1b), quartz–sericite–pyrite (Py1c), quartz–chlorite±epidote–pyrite (Py1d), and quartz–K-feldspar–pyrite (Py1e), among which Py1a is the most widespread. Py2 comprises calcite–pyrite (Py2a) and calcite–K-feldspar–pyrite (Py2b), and Py3 comprise bird’s-eye pyrite (Py3a) and fingerprint-like pyrite (Py3b).
The varying Co/Ni ratios (mostly &gt;2) and coexistence with hydrothermal minerals (quartz, calcite, K-feldspar, chlorite, and epidote) reveal the hydrothermal origin of Py1 and Py2. The Co/Ni (0.97–7.30), Cu/Ni (8.94–186), and As/Ni (0.80–11.7) ratios, and the high trace-element contents indicate that Py3a may have been genetically linked to the waning magmatic-hydrothermal system and increasing meteoric fluid influx. Py1 generally has higher Co-Ni-Se but lower Zn-As-Mo contents than Py2. Py1 in the orebodies also has higher Cu-Au contents than Py2, consistent with the formation of Py1 during the main Au-Cu ore stage. During the ore-fluid evolution, meteoric water input and abundant galena formation in the late-ore calcite-sulfide stage may have controlled the decreasing Se-Co-Ni contents from Py1 to Py2, while the fluid cooling and pH rise (caused by acidic fluid-carbonate rock reactions) may have increased the As-Zn-Mo contents from Py1 to Py2.
Py1a in the orebodies has higher As-Ag-Te, but lower Co-Ni-Se contents than Py1a in the wallrocks. The decompression and phase separation (fluid boiling) by extensive hydraulic fracturing may have caused the higher temperature, pH, and fO2 for the Py1a-forming fluids in the orebodies (than those in the wallrocks). Such fluid physicochemical differences may have been the main controlling factor on trace element spatial variations of Py1a. More importantly, the spatial variation of these trace elements in Py1a provides insights for using pyrite trace element geochemistry in skarn mineral exploration.