bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact and implementation findings from a cluster randomized trial of a youth relationship education curriculum
Authors: Huntington Charlie , Owen Jesse , Stanley Scott , Knopp Kayla , Rhoades Galena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe current study presents implementation and impact data from a cluster randomized trial of a youth relationship education curriculum. High school students (n = 1,135) were randomized at the school level to receive curricula‐as‐usual or a healthy relationships program delivered by facilitators who were not employed by the high schools. Program evaluators reported high engagement and students indicated high satisfaction with the program, but multilevel models showed no statistically significant impacts on healthy relationship skills, attitudes, and behaviors at three and nine months post‐intervention. Strengths and limitations of the research design and program implementation, as well as implications for evaluating youth relationship education more broadly, are discussed.
“A bridge too far?” Ideas, employment relations and policy‐making about the future of work
Authors: Ainsworth Susan , Knox Angela 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDrawing on ideational perspectives, we examine how ideas about the future of work and the discursive forms they take contribute to policy‐making about employment relations and labor markets. Analyzing data from an Australian government Inquiry reporting on the future impact of technological and other work changes, we find that rather than being about these topics, the Inquiry focuses more on actors’ ideas regarding the present state of employment relations and education. Moreover, the incomplete nature of actors’ narratives, particularly about the temporally distant future, may account for government’s unwillingness and/or lack of preparedness to make more radical changes.
Self‐care of patients with multiple chronic conditions and their caregivers during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: De Maria Maddalena , Ferro Federico , Vellone Ercole , Ausili Davide , Luciani Michela , Matarese Maria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsExplore the self‐care experiences of patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) and caregivers' contributions to patient self‐care during COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignA descriptive qualitative design was used. The COREQ checklist was used for study reporting.MethodsIndividual semi‐structured interviews were used to collect data from patients with MCCs and caregivers selected from the dataset of an ongoing longitudinal study. Data analysis was performed through deductive thematic analysis. The middle‐range theory of self‐care of chronic illness, which entails the three dimensions of self‐care maintenance, monitoring and management, was used as a theoretical framework to guide data collection and analysis.ResultsA total of 16 patients and 25 caregivers were interviewed from May to June 2020. The participants were mainly women, with a mean age for patients of 76.25 years and caregivers of 45.76 years; the caregivers were mainly the patients' children (72%). During the pandemic, some patients reported remaining unchanged in their self‐care maintenance, monitoring and management behaviours, others intensified their behaviours, and others decreased them. Caregivers played an important role in protecting patients from the risk of contagion COVID‐19 and in ensuring patients' self‐care of chronic diseases through direct and indirect interventions.ConclusionsCritical events can modify the self‐care experiences of chronically ill patients and caregivers' contributions, leading to maintenance, increase or decrease of self‐care and contributions to self‐care behaviours.ImpactPatients with MCCs and their caregivers can react in different ways in their performances of self‐care and contribution to patients' self‐care behaviours when ordinary daily life is disrupted; therefore, nurses should assess such performances during critical events to identify the individuals at risk of reduced self‐care and promote the most suitable healthcare services (e.g. eHealth) to implement individualised interventions.
Machine learning approach to predicting albuminuria in persons with type 2 diabetes: An analysis of the LOOK AHEAD Cohort
Authors: Khitan Zeid , Nath Tanmay , Santhanam Prasanna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlbuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (e‐GFR) are early markers of renal disease and cardiovascular outcomes in persons with diabetes. Although body composition has been shown to predict systolic blood pressure, its application in predicting albuminuria is unknown. In this study, we have used machine learning methods to assess the risk of albuminuria in persons with diabetes using body composition and other determinants of metabolic health. This study is a comparative analysis of the different methods to predict albuminuria in persons with diabetes mellitus who are older than 40 years of age, using the LOOK AHEAD study cohort‐baseline characteristics. Age, different metrics of body composition, duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A1c, serum creatinine, serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol, serum HDL, serum LDL, maximum exercise capacity, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and the ankle‐brachial index are used as predictors of albuminuria. We used Area under the curve (AUC) as a metric to compare the classification results of different algorithms, and we show that AUC for the different models are as follows: Random forest classifier‐0.65, gradient boost classifier‐0.61, logistic regression‐0.66, support vector classifier ‐0.61, multilayer perceptron ‐0.67, and stacking classifier‐0.62. We used the Random forest model to show that the duration of diabetes, A1C, serum triglycerides, SBP, Maximum exercise Capacity, serum creatinine, subtotal lean mass, DBP, and subtotal fat mass are important features for the classification of albuminuria. In summary, when applied to metabolic imaging (using DXA), machine learning techniques offer unique insights into the risk factors that determine the development of albuminuria in diabetes.
Two closely spaced missense COL3A1 variants in cis cause vascular Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome in one large Chinese family
Authors: Liang Mei , Chen Chong , Dai Yan , Chang Yunbing , Gao Yushun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVascular Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a rare and severe hereditary connective tissue disease arising from a mutation in the type III collagen alpha I chain (COL3A1) gene, with a poor prognosis due to exceptional vascular ruptures and premature death. Herein, starting from a 36‐year‐old Chinese male patient with a complaint of upper abdominal pain, we collected clinical data of and performed a genetic analysis of a total of 20 family members. We identified two closely spaced COL3A1 missense variants in cis, p.Leu734Phe (c.2199_2200TC>AT) and p.Gly741Ser (c.2221G>A), as the cause of vEDS in this family. p.Gly741Ser, a glycine substitution mutation, has been previously reported, whereas p.Leu734Phe, a non‐glycine substitution mutation, is novel. We analysed their independent and combined effects on the COL3A1 level in transfected skin fibroblast cells by means of Western blotting. We found that both variants independently led to a reduced COL3A1 level and, when combined, led to an even more reduced COL3A1 level compared to the wild type. Thus, each missense variant can be independently classified as a pathogenic variant, albeit with a synergetic effect when occurring together. Moreover, our genetic findings provide an explanation for four previous sudden deaths and identified two high‐risk carriers in the family.
A case of polyneuropathy associated with diabetic ketoacidosis in new‐onset type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sada Kokoro , Hidaka Shuji , Takemaru Makoto , Ueno Daisuke , Shibata Hirotaka 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTAlthough diabetic peripheral neuropathy is the most common diabetic microangiopathic complication, several other neuropathy syndromes can occur in the context of diabetes. We describe a rare case of polyneuropathy associated with diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with new‐onset type 1 diabetes. A 42‐year‐old man with diabetic ketoacidosis was admitted to our hospital with complications of respiratory and renal failure requiring mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis, respectively. After diabetic ketoacidosis improved from the critical state, he developed upper‐ and lower‐limb paralysis with sensory disturbances and pain, as well as right facial paralysis, left recurrent nerve paralysis, and left hypoglossal nerve paralysis. Autonomic nerve function was also impaired. As the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of polyneuropathy associated with diabetic ketoacidosis are unclear, the neurologic function of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis should be closely monitored.
Comparison of precutting endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection for large (20–30 mm) flat colorectal lesions
Authors: Oh Chang Kyo , Cho Young Wook , Choi In Hyoung , Lee Han Hee , Lim Chul‐Hyun , Kim Jin Su , Lee Bo‐In , Cho Young‐Seok 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe complete and safe removal of large (≥ 20 mm) colorectal lesions is an area of concern. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) effectively removes these lesions compared with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). However, ESD requires advanced techniques, longer procedure time, and high cost. Precutting EMR (EMR‐P) is a modified EMR method that overcomes the limitations of EMR. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of EMR‐P and ESD in large (20–30 mm) flat colorectal lesions.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of cases in which 20‐ to 30‐mm flat colorectal lesions were resected at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019. Propensity score matching was performed to control for possible confounders.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety‐nine patients were included in this study. After matching, 90 patients were assigned to each group. There were no significant difference in complete resection rates (92.2% vs 92.2%, P = 1.000), en bloc resection rates (95.6% vs 97.8%, P = 0.682), and mean size of lesions (22.9 ± 3.1 mm vs 23.0 ± 3.1 mm, P = 0.867) between EMR‐P and ESD. Procedure time was significantly shorter with EMR‐P (11.0 ± 6.5 min vs 37.0 ± 19.3 min, P < 0.001). The adverse events rate was not significantly different between both groups. No local recurrence occurred in both groups.ConclusionsPrecutting EMR was not significantly different to ESD in terms of complete resection rate and en bloc resection rate for 20‐ to 30‐mm flat colorectal lesions without fibrosis. Furthermore, EMR‐P has shorter procedure time than ESD. EMR‐P could be considered one of standard treatments for large flat colorectal lesions.
RID1 sets rice heading date by balancing its binding with SLR1 and SDG722
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Deng Li , Cheng Rui , Hu Jie , Wu Chang‐Yin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa) is a major crop that feeds billions of people, and its yield is strongly influenced by flowering time (heading date). Loss of RICE INDETERMINATE1 (RID1) function causes plants not to flower; thus, RID1 is considered a master switch among flowering‐related genes. However, it remains unclear whether other proteins function together with RID1 to regulate rice floral transition. Here, we revealed that the chromatin accessibility and H3K9ac, H3K4me3, and H3K36me3 levels at Heading date 3a (Hd3a) and RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (RFT1) loci were significantly reduced in rid1 mutants. Notably, RID1 interacted with SET DOMAIN GROUP PROTEIN 722 (SDG722), a methyltransferase. We determined that SDG722 affects the global level of H3K4me2/3 and H3K36me2/3, and promotes flowering primarily through the Early heading date1‐Hd3a/RFT1 pathway. We further established that rice DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) interacted with RID1 to inhibit its transactivation activity, that SLR1 suppresses rice flowering, and that messenger RNA and protein levels of SLR1 gradually decrease with plant growth. Furthermore, SLR1 competed with SDG722 for interaction with RID1. Overall, our results establish that interplay between RID1, SLR1, and SDG722 feeds into rice flowering‐time control.
‘The body seems to have no life’: The experiences and perceptions of fatigue among patients after COVID‐19
Authors: Bilgin Aylin , Kesik Gulsah , Ozdemir Leyla 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aimed at determining the perception of fatigue among patients with a history of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19).BackgroundFatigue is a long‐lasting distressing symptom. It is a multidimensional symptom consisting of several factors, including physiological, psychological, social and environmental. It is vital to examine and understand the perception of fatigue among post‐COVID‐19 participants.DesignA descriptive phenomenological design.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 14 post‐COVID‐19 participants that were recruited using criterion sampling. The fatigue levels of the participants were determined using the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS), and those with a fatigue score above 12 were interviewed. All the interviews were conducted with a smartphone due to the COVID‐19. The COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was used.ResultsThe age of the participants varied from 24 to 67 years, with the majority of the participants being female (n = 8). The COVID‐19 duration ranged from one to 11 months, and the CFS scores varied between 14 and 33. Four themes emerged following the qualitative data analysis: a new symptom beyond fatigue, fatigue increases dependency in daily life, fatigue impedes sociability and a way to hold on to life's regular rhythms.ConclusionsThis study concluded that fatigue in post‐COVID‐19 participants is a new experience that is difficult to define and manage and overwhelmingly affects the physical and social aspects of life. Participants look for new ways to live with fatigue and turn to traditional methods and psychosocial strategies.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study revealed the miscellaneous aspects of fatigue in post‐COVID‐19 participants. Nurses should evaluate fatigue with a holistic approach that includes its physical, social, emotional and spiritual aspects. Nurses can play an active role in the management of fatigue, which is a very common symptom in the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Pharmacokinetic profiles of clarithromycin in freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis)
Authors: Poapolathep Saranya , Giorgi Mario , Klangkaew Narumol , Khidkhan Kraisiri , Chaiyabutr Narongsak , Wongwaipairoj Tara , Poapolathep Amnart 
Published: November 2021

AbstractClarithromycin (CLA) is a new β‐lactamase‐resistant macrolide antibiotic with potent activity against gram‐positive and some gram‐negative bacteria. To the authors’ best knowledge, limited pharmacokinetic information to establish suitable therapeutic plans is available for freshwater crocodiles. To assess the prudent use of antibiotic in reptiles, this study was conducted to explore the pharmacokinetic characteristics of CLA in the freshwater crocodile, Crocodylus siamensis, following either single intravenous (i.v.) or intramuscular (i.m.) administration at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at assigned times up to 168 h. CLA plasma samples were cleaned up using liquid–liquid extraction, and analysed by a validated liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). CLA was quantifiable from 5 min to 72 h after i.v. administration, whereas it was detectable for 168 after i.m. administration at an identical dose rate. A non‐compartmental model was used to fit the plasma concentration of CLA versus time curve for each crocodile. The t1/2λz value, similar for both routes (20 h), indicated that the overall rate of elimination of CLA in crocodiles is relatively slow. The average i.m. F% was complete. The protein plasma bound was found to be about 30%. CLA is a time‐dependent antibiotic, and the T > MIC is the best PK/PD predictor for its efficacy. The CLA dosage of 2.5 mg/kg appeared to produce an appropriate value of the PK‐PD surrogate that predicts antibacterial success for disease caused by susceptible bacteria.
Chronic liver disease in homeless individuals and performance of non‐invasive liver fibrosis and injury markers: VALID study
Authors: Hashim Ahmed. , Bremner Stephen , Grove Jane I. , Astbury Stuart , Mengozzi Manuela , O’Sullivan Margaret , Macken Lucia , Worthley Tim , Katarey Dev , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Verma Sumita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground/aimsCommunity‐based assessment and management of chronic liver disease (CLD) in people who are homeless (PWAH) remain poorly described. We aimed to determine prevalence/predictors of CLD in PWAH and assess the performance of non‐invasive liver fibrosis and injury markers.MethodsThe Vulnerable Adult LIver Disease (VALID) study provided a “one‐stop” liver service based at homeless hostels. Our primary outcome was the prevalence of clinically significant hepatic fibrosis (CSHF; liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥8 kPa).ResultsTotal individuals recruited were 127, mean ± SD age 47 ± 9.4 years, 50% (95% CI 41%‐59%) and 39% (95% CI 31%‐48%) having alcohol dependence and a positive HCV RNA respectively. CSHF was detected in 26% (95% CI 17%‐35%), independent predictors being total alcohol unit/week (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00‐1.02, P = .002) and HCV RNA positivity (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.12‐7.66, P = .029). There was moderate agreement between LSM and Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score (kappa 0.536, P < .001) for CSHF as assessed by LSM ≥8 kPa. Those with CSHF had significantly higher levels of IFN‐γ (P = .002), IL‐6 (P = .001), MMP‐2 (P = .006), ccCK‐18 (P < .001) and ELF biomarkers (P < .001), compared to those without CSHF. Service uptake was ≥95%. Direct acting antiviral (DAA) treatment completion was 93% (95% CI 77%‐99%), sustained virological response (SVR) being 83% (95% CI 64%‐94%).ConclusionThere is a significant liver disease burden from HCV and alcohol in PWAH. Non‐invasive liver fibrosis and injury markers can help in identifying such individuals in the community. Despite a challenging cohort, excellent service uptake and high DAA‐based SVRs can be achieved.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) point‐of‐care assay for HCV screening
Authors: Koo Vanessa , Tian Feng , Wong William W. L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatitis C virus (HCV) continues to pose significant public health concerns with approximately 44% of chronically infected Canadians undiagnosed. The current HCV screening in Canada is a two‐step diagnosis pathway consisting of anti‐HCV testing and HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) testing. The introduction of HCV point‐of‐care assays, such as the Xpert HCV viral load finger‐stick assay, can facilitate HCV RNA diagnosis during a single visit and provide quick linkage to care. We evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of HCV point‐of‐care testing compared with current HCV screening strategies for injection drug users (IDUs) from a Canadian provincial Ministry of Health perspective.MethodsA state‐transition model based on published literature was developed to compare HCV point‐of‐care assay with the standard‐of‐care blood screening for a one‐time HCV screening and treatment program. It adopted a lifetime time horizon and included health states related to treatment, fibrosis stages, and advanced liver disease clinical states. Outcomes were expressed in costs, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the model.ResultsHCV point‐of‐care assay generated an additional 0.035 QALYs/person at a cost reduction of $21.15 compared with the standard‐of‐care screening. The results were the most sensitive to the specificity of HCV point‐of‐care assay.ConclusionsThe implementation of HCV point‐of‐care screening in Canada is likely to be cost‐saving for IDUs. Early detection and treatment of undiagnosed individuals can prolong people's life span and save healthcare costs associated with HCV‐related complications.
Ancient hybridization patterns between bighorn and thinhorn sheep
Authors: Santos Sarah H. D. , Peery Rhiannon M. , Miller Joshua M. , Dao Anh , Lyu Feng‐Hua , Li Xin , Li Meng‐Hua , Coltman David W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhole‐genome sequencing has advanced the study of species evolution, including the detection of genealogical discordant events such as ancient hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting (ILS). The evolutionary history of bighorn (Ovis canadensis) and thinhorn (Ovis dalli) sheep present an ideal system to investigate evolutionary discordance due to their recent and rapid radiation and putative secondary contact between bighorn and thinhorn sheep subspecies, specifically the dark pelage Stone sheep (O. dalli stonei) and predominately white Dall sheep (O. dalli dalli), during the last ice age. Here, we used multiple genomes of bighorn and thinhorn sheep, together with snow (O. nivicola) and the domestic sheep (O. aries) as outgroups, to assess their phylogenomic history, potential introgression patterns and their adaptive consequences. Among the Pachyceriforms (snow, bighorn and thinhorn sheep) a consistent monophyletic species tree was retrieved; however, many genealogical discordance patterns were observed. Alternative phylogenies frequently placed Stone and bighorn as sister clades. This relationship occurred more often and was less divergent than that between Dall and bighorn. We also observed many blocks containing introgression signal between Stone and bighorn genomes in which coat colour genes were present. Introgression signals observed between Dall and bighorn were more random and less frequent, and therefore probably due to ILS or intermediary secondary contact. These results strongly suggest that Stone sheep originated from a complex series of events, characterized by multiple, ancient periods of secondary contact with bighorn sheep.
Complex adaptive architecture underlies adaptation to quantitative host resistance in a fungal plant pathogen
Authors: Dumartinet Thomas , Ravel Sébastien , Roussel Véronique , Perez‐Vicente Luis , Aguayo Jaime , Abadie Catherine , Carlier Jean 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPlant pathogens often adapt to plant genetic resistance so characterization of the architecture underlying such an adaptation is required to understand the adaptive potential of pathogen populations. Erosion of banana quantitative resistance to a major leaf disease caused by polygenic adaptation of the causal agent, the fungusPseudocercospora fijiensis, was recently identified in the northern Caribbean region. Genome scan and quantitative genetics approaches were combined to investigate the adaptive architecture underlying this adaptation. Thirty‐two genomic regions showing host selection footprints were identified by pool sequencing of isolates collected from seven plantation pairs of two cultivars with different levels of quantitative resistance. Individual sequencing and phenotyping of isolates from one pair revealed significant and variable levels of correlation between haplotypes in 17 of these regions with a quantitative trait of pathogenicity (the diseased leaf area). The multilocus pattern of haplotypes detected in the 17 regions was found to be highly variable across all the population pairs studied. These results suggest complex adaptive architecture underlying plant pathogen adaptation to quantitative resistance with a polygenic basis, redundancy, and a low level of parallel evolution between pathogen populations. Candidate genes involved in quantitative pathogenicity and host adaptation ofP. fijiensiswere identified in genomic regions by combining annotation analysis with available biological data.