bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning through time: the role of team reflexivity and virtuality in decision-making teams
Authors: Marques-Quinteiro Pedro , Uitdewilligen Sjir , Costa Patricia , Passos Ana Margarida 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to test if team reflexivity is a countermeasure to the detrimental effect of team virtuality on team performance improvement, in decision-making teams.

Design/methodology/approach
Study 1 regarded 210 individuals (N = 44 teams) executing five decision-making tasks. Study 2 regarded 60 individuals (N = 20 teams) executing four decision-making tasks. Study 1 was longitudinal, with no experimental manipulation. Study 2 had an experimental longitudinal design comprising two between-team manipulations: medium of communication and team reflexivity; the outcome was team performance improvement.

Findings
Study 1’s results show that team reflexivity positively moderates the effect of virtuality on team performance improvement over time. Study 2’s results shows that a reflexivity manipulation benefits face-to-face teams more so than virtual teams, probably because team reflexivity is more effective when media richness is high.

Originality/value
The implications of reflexivity’s lack of effect in low virtuality (Study 1) and high virtuality (Study 2) teams are discussed. This study contributes to the team learning and virtual teams’ literatures by expanding current knowledge on how team reflexivity can facilitate team learning under face-to-face versus virtual communication conditions.
COVID-19 prediction through X-ray images using various layers in convolutional neural network
Authors: Mishra Jyoti , Tiwari Mahendra , Bajpai Bhavna , Atre Swati , Kaur Amandeep 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the prediction of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) using X-ray image.

Design/methodology/approach
This study proposed convolutional neural network (CNN) approach to predict COVID-19.

Findings
Prediction of COVID-19 using CNN.

Originality/value
The work has implemented multiple CNN models to classify chest X-ray of affected patients by using their chest scans. According to three models, the ResNet-50 is advantageous because of its high service reliability.
Population pharmacokinetic and exposure–response analysis of apremilast in Japanese subjects with moderate to severe psoriasis
Authors: Okubo Yukari , Ohtsuki Mamitaro , Komine Mayumi , Imafuku Shinichi , Kassir Nastya , Petric Rosemary , Nemoto Osamu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractApremilast is an orally available phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor used for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. The aims of this analysis were to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of apremilast based on observed data from phase 1 studies combined with clinical trial data from subjects with moderate to severe psoriasis, and to develop exposure–response (E‐R) models to determine whether Japanese subjects with moderate to severe psoriasis achieve response to apremilast treatment similar to that observed in non‐Japanese, predominantly Caucasian subjects with moderate to severe psoriasis. The PPK model demonstrated that apremilast plasma concentrations and overall apparent clearance rate were comparable between the Japanese and Caucasian subgroups. The E‐R analyses of ≥75% or ≥50% improvement from baseline in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score and achievement of static Physician Global Assessment score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear) at week 16 indicated that apremilast treatment in Japanese subjects approached the maximal effect with response rates comparable to those in predominantly Caucasian subjects. Overall, the analyses confirm that the approved apremilast 30 mg b.i.d. dose is appropriate for Japanese subjects with moderate to severe psoriasis, with an efficacy profile similar to that previously observed in Caucasian subjects.
Electrical resistivity tomography with smooth sparse regularization
Authors: Zhong Shichao , Wang Yibo , Zheng Yikang , Wu Shaojiang , Chang Xu , Zhu Wei 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTElectrical resistivity tomography employs L2 norm regularization in many applications. We developed the boundary‐sharping inversion method based on the finite element methods and irregular grid approach, in which the contact areas of elements are used to weight the model parameters. Similar approaches have previously only been used for structured grids. We also designed an electrical resistivity tomography system in the laboratory to conduct experimental data tests. Focusing on the imaging of small‐scale targets, we further compared the behaviour of various regularization schemes, including L2, L1 and L0 norm stabilizers. Different control parameters were tested and analysed for approximated L1 and L0 norm stabilizers. Three‐dimensional conductivity models were reconstructed from synthetic and experimental data. We found that reconstructed images obtained from smooth sparse regularization, such as L1, and L0 norm regularization are superior to L2 norm regularization for high‐contrast aquifer and block models. The synthetic and experimental data show that electrical resistivity tomography with smooth sparse regularization has the potential to improve the imaging of small‐scale targets with sharp contours.
The Presumption Against Extraterritoriality, Mutual Legal Assistance, and the Future of Law Enforcement Cross‐Border Evidence Collection
Authors: Cochrane Tim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractR (KBR, Inc) v Director of the Serious Fraud Office is a significant judgment for the field of law enforcement cross‐border evidence collection, both in the United Kingdom and beyond. The UK Supreme Court ruled that the Director of the Serious Fraud Office's powers to compel disclosure of materials under section 2(3) of the Criminal Justice Act 1987 did not extend extraterritorially to foreign companies with no fixed UK place of business and which were not carrying on business in the UK. This judgment affirms the continued significance of the presumption against extraterritorially and identifies a general UK parliamentary preference that law enforcement obtain overseas material through cooperative processes like mutual legal assistance, rather than unilaterally. Much however remains unsettled for the future of this field, given developing issues in transnational criminal law, human rights – particularly rights of privacy and data protection – and public international law.
Application of nonthermal processing technologies in extracting and modifying polysaccharides: A critical review
Authors: Li Xiaolan , Zhang Zhi‐Hong , Qi Xianghui , Li Lin , Zhu Jie , Brennan Charles S. , Yan Jing‐Kun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolysaccharides are natural polymer compounds widely distributed in plants, animals, and microorganisms, most of which have a broad spectrum of biological activities to promote human health. They could also be used as texture modifiers in food industry due to their excellent rheological and mechanical properties. Many researchers have shown that nonthermal processing technologies have numerous advantages, such as high extraction efficiency, short extraction time, and environmental friendliness, in the extraction of polysaccharides compared with the traditional extraction methods. Moreover, nonthermal technologies could effectively change the physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of polysaccharides to improve their biological activities or processing properties. Therefore, a comprehensive summary about the extraction and modification of polysaccharides by nonthermal technologies, including ultrasound, high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, and cold plasma, was provided in this review. In particular, the underlying mechanisms, processing operations, and current application status of these technologies were discussed. In addition, the applications of combining nonthermal techniques with other technological methods in polysaccharide extraction and modification were briefly introduced.
Traceology, criminalistics, and forensic science
Authors: Ristenbatt Ralph R. , Hietpas Jack , De Forest Peter R. , Margot Pierre A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is a serious issue within the forensic science community, which even extends outside of the field. The role of the scientist in the investigation of crime has been increasingly confined to the laboratory, which has been accompanied by the conflation of the terms forensic science and criminalistics. This unfortunate situation has been festering for years. To make matters worse, the era of the proactive, problem‐defining, criminalist (generalist) is waning, and possibly over. Present‐day “criminalists” are treated as little more than reactive, protocol‐constrained, laboratory technicians, with few, if any, consequential crime scene roles. In most cases, these “criminalists” merely respond to routine requests from prosecutors and police. The absence of science at the front end of forensic investigations, i.e., the scene, has resulted in biased, ineffective, inefficient, and/or erroneous outcomes with immediate and long‐term societal impacts. To disentangle this imbroglio, we propose the use of another term, traceology, which has seen limited use worldwide except in the field of archaeology. With respect to criminalistics, this term has been previously proposed by Margot (20–21). Traceology is an historical science, dealing with the examination, analysis, and scientific interpretation of event traces (signs or remnants) of earlier activities. In this commentary, we define and redefine familiar, but ambiguous, terms and concepts with the hope of recapturing the essence of criminalistics (32), which we suggest is best termed traceology.
Getting to know you: individual animals, wildlife webcams, and willingness to pay for brown bear preservation
Authors: Richardson Leslie , Lewis Lynne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe vast majority of the wildlife valuation literature focuses on entire populations or substantial changes in those populations (e.g., 25% or more). The policy questions that motivated these existing studies differ considerably from the question of values for individual animals. Compensation for poaching incidents or accidental death of individual animals, as well as analyses of regulatory actions affecting a small number of animals, require economic value estimates for individual animals that are almost entirely missing from the economics literature. In the absence of value estimates for individual animals, wildlife managers are forced to rely on proxy measures that have little to no basis in economic valuation. This study presents one of the first applications of contingent valuation focused on the total economic value of an individual animal. In contrast to the existing literature on preservation values, this involves a unique study design to focus the scenario on animals at the individual level. Our valuation study takes place in the novel setting of “virtual tourists” who watch live animal webcams and interact and connect with the good in question. Results suggest that preservation values for individual animals can be quite high. The range of preservation values for one brown bear is estimated at $70–$140 per person based on a parametric spike model and non‐parametric Turnbull and Kristrӧm estimators. The valuation approach illustrated in this article can be useful for collecting compensation for incidents of poaching, destruction of habitat, or evaluating the costs and benefits of regulations.
An Australian tertiary hospital analysis of outpatient dermatology clinical and demographic characteristics
Authors: Edwards Harrison A. , Betz‐Stablein Brigid , Finnane Anna , Shen Xiaohua , Soyer Hans Peter , Hall Lisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesLiterature on dermatology outpatient demographic and clinical data is limited, and the few studies on this topic are mainly conducted overseas, with medical systems and case mix different to Australia. This study presents demographic data relating to dermatology public outpatient referrals to a tertiary hospital in Brisbane, Australia, and determines what additional structured data should be collected to formulate and evaluate initiatives to address service issues such as referral quality, triage process and wait times.MethodsA four‐year retrospective audit was undertaken, summarising all referrals (n = 7140) and clinical dermatology encounters (n = 53 844) between January 2016 and December 2019 at Princess Alexandra Hospital (PAH), the largest hospital in Metro South Health (MSH), serving a population of one million. PAH has one of the two largest public dermatology clinics in Queensland and is the only dermatology service within MSH.ResultsPatient demographic data, wait time by triage category, referral rates over time and encounter durations were collected. Structured diagnostic data (e.g. ICD‐10 coding) of the provisional diagnosis, comorbidities, medications and the final diagnosis are not collected in a structured format and would be a valuable addition.ConclusionsThe clinical burden of public dermatology is increasing. Both collection and analysis of structured data pertaining to the referrals and encounters are important to help formulate, implement and evaluate initiatives that aim to improve health service provision in this area.
Validation of mitral regurgitation reversibility in patients with HeartMate 3 LVAD implantation
Authors: Schreiber Constantin , Dieterlen Maja‐Theresa , Garbade Jens , Borger Michael A. , Sieg Franz , Spampinato Ricardo , Dobrovie Monica , Meyer Anna L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe resolution of functional mitral valve regurgitation (MR) in patients awaiting left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is discussed controversially. The present study analyzed MR and echocardiographic parameters of the third‐generation LVAD HeartMate 3 (HM3) over 3 years. Of 135 LVAD patients (with severe MR, n = 33; with none, mild, or moderate MR, n = 102), data of transthoracic echocardiography were included preoperatively to LVAD implantation, up to 1 month postoperatively, and at 1, 2, and 3 years after LVAD implantation. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were collected. Severe MR was reduced immediately after LVAD implantation in all patients. The echocardiographic parameters left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (P < .001), right ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (P < .001), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (P < .001), and estimated pulmonary artery pressure (P < .001) decreased after HM3 implantation independently from the grade of MR prior to implantation and remained low during the 2 years follow‐up period. Following LVAD implantation, right heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, ischemic stroke as well as pump thrombosis and bleeding events were comparable between the groups. The incidences of death and cardiac death did not differ between the patient groups. Furthermore, the Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that survival was comparable between the groups (P = .073). HM3 implantation decreases preoperative severe MR immediately after LVAD implantation. This effect is long‐lasting in most patients and reinforces the LVAD implantation without MR surgery. The complication rates and survival were comparable between patients with and without severe MR.
Prospective external validation of a new non‐invasive test for the diagnosis of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Poynard Thierry , Paradis Valérie , Mullaert Jimmy , Deckmyn Olivier , Gault Nathalie , Marcault Estelle , Manchon Pauline , Si Mohammed Nassima , Parfait Beatrice , Ibberson Mark , Gautier Jean‐Francois , Boitard Christian , Czernichow Sébastien , Larger Etienne , Drane Fabienne , Castille Jean Marie , Peta Valentina , Brzustowski Angélique , Terris Benoit , Vallet‐Pichard Anais , Roulot Dominique , Laouénan Cédric , Bedossa Pierre , Castera Laurent , Pol Stanislas , Valla Dominique ,   the Quid‐Nash consortium
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackgroundOne of the unmet needs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the prediction of non‐alcoholic liver disease by non‐invasive blood tests, for each of the three main histological features, fibrosis, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and steatosis.AimsTo validate externally the performances of a recent panel, Nash‐FibroTest, for the assessment of the severity of fibrosis stages, NASH grades and steatosis grades.MethodsWe prospectively analysed 272 patients with T2DM. Standard definitions of stages and grades were used, and analyses were centralised and blinded. The performances of the FibroTest, NashTest‐2 and SteatoTest‐2 were assessed using the Obuchowski measure (OM), the main outcome recommended as a summary measure of accuracy includeing all pairwise stages and grades comparisons, which is not provided par the extensively used binary area under the ROC curve.ResultsThe diagnostic performance of each component of the panel was significant. OM (SE; significance) of the FibroTest, the NashTest‐2 and the SteatoTest‐2 was 0.862 (0.012; P < 0.001), 0.827 (0.015; P < 0.001) and 0.794 (0.020; P < 0.01), respectively. For ballooning and lobular inflammation, OM was 0.794 (0.021; P < 0.001) and 0.821 (0.017; P < 0.001), respectively. In a post hoc analysis the FibroTest outperformed VCTE by 4.1% (2.5‐6.5; P < 0.001) for reliability, with a non‐significant difference for OM for fibrosis staging, 0.859 (0.012) for FibroTest vs 0.870 (0.009) for VCTE.ConclusionsFrom a single blood sample, the panel provides non‐invasive diagnosis of the stages of fibrosis, and the grades of NASH and steatosis in patients with T2DM.Trial registration number: NCT03634098.
Histopathological growth patterns in patients with advanced nodular lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin lymphoma treated within the randomized HD18 study: a report from the German Hodgkin Study Group
Authors: Eichenauer Dennis A. , Bühnen Ina , Kreissl Stefanie , Goergen Helen , Fuchs Michael , von Tresckow Bastian , Rosenwald Andreas , Klapper Wolfram , Hansmann Martin‐Leo , Möller Peter , Bernd Heinz‐Wolfram , Feller Alfred C. , Engert Andreas , Borchmann Peter , Hartmann Sylvia 
Published: August 2021

SummaryWe retrospectively investigated histopathological growth patterns in individuals with advanced nodular lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) treated within the randomized HD18 study. In all, 35/60 patients (58%) presented with atypical growth patterns. Patients with atypical growth patterns more often had stage IV disease (P = 0·0354) and splenic involvement (P = 0·0048) than patients with typical growth patterns; a positive positron emission tomography after two cycles of chemotherapy (PET‐2) tended to be more common (P = 0·1078). Five‐year progression‐free survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 0·86; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0·49–1·47] and overall survival (HR = 0·85; 95% CI = 0·49–1·51) did not differ between the groups after study treatment with PET‐2‐guided escalated BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone). Thus, advanced NLPHL is often associated with atypical growth patterns but their prognostic impact is compensated by PET‐2‐guided escalated BEACOPP.
Pivotal role of phosphodiesterase 10A in the integration of dopamine signals in mice striatal D1 and D2 medium‐sized spiny neurones
Authors: Mota Élia , Bompierre Ségolène , Betolngar Dahdjim , Castro Liliana R. V. , Vincent Pierre 
Published: August 2021

Background and PurposeDopamine in the striatum plays a crucial role in reward processes and action selection. Dopamine signals are transduced by D1 and D2 dopamine receptors which trigger mirror effects through the cAMP/PKA signalling cascade in D1 and D2 medium‐sized spiny neurons (MSNs). Phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which determine the profile of cAMP signals, are highly expressed in MSNs, but their respective roles in dopamine signal integration remain poorly understood.Experimental ApproachWe used genetically encoded FRET biosensors to monitor at the single cell level the functional contribution of PDE2A, PDE4 and PDE10A in the changes of the cAMP/PKA response to transient and continuous dopamine in mouse striatal brain slices.Key ResultsWe found that PDE2A, PDE4 and PDE10A operate on the moderate to high cAMP levels elicited by D1 or A2A receptor stimulation. In contrast, only PDE10A is able to reduce cAMP down to baseline in both type of neurones, leading to the dephosphorylation of PKA substrates.Conclusion and ImplicationsIn both MSN types, PDE10A inhibition blunts the responsiveness to dopamine, whereas PDE2A or PDE4 inhibition reinforces dopamine action.
Novel candidates in the clinical development pipeline for TB drug development and their synthetic approaches
Authors: Kumar Amit , Karkara Bidhu Bhusan , Panda Gautam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. Mtb has the ability to become dormant within the host and to develop resistance. Hence, new antitubercular agents are required to overcome problems in the treatment of multi‐drug‐resistant Tb (MDR‐Tb) and extensively drug‐resistant Tb (XDR‐Tb) along with shortening the treatment time. Several efforts are being made to develop very effective new drugs for Tb, within the pharmaceutical industry, the academia and through public–private partnerships. This review will address the antitubercular activities, biological target, mode of action, synthetic approaches and thoughtful concept for the development of several new drugs currently in the clinical trial pipeline (up to October 2019) for tuberculosis. The aim of this review may be very useful in scheming new chemical entities (NCEs) for Mtb.
Parenchymal calcification is associated with the neurological prognosis in patients with congenital rubella syndrome
Authors: Namiki Takahiro , Takano Chika , Aoki Ryoji , Trinh Quang Duy , Morioka Ichiro , Hayakawa Satoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCongenital rubella syndrome (CRS) results from maternal rubella virus infection in early pregnancy. Abnormal neuroimaging findings have been analyzed in a small number of CRS patients in the past; however, their clinical significance has been poorly addressed. Therefore, we have investigated the neuroimaging findings of 31 patients with CRS from previous studies. The most common finding was parenchymal calcification, which was observed in 18 of 31 patients (58.1%). A multivariable logistic regression model showed that it was associated with psychomotor or mental retardation (p = 0.018), suggesting that parenchymal calcification in CRS could be a prognostic factor.