bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The best possible self‐intervention as a viable public health tool for the prevention of type 2 diabetes: A reflexive thematic analysis of public experience and engagement
Authors: Gibson Benjamin , Umeh Kanayo , Davies Ian , Newson Lisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPublic health initiatives seek to modify lifestyle behaviours associated with risk (e.g., diet, exercise, and smoking), but underpinning psychological and affective processes must also be considered to maximize success.ObjectiveThis study aimed to qualitatively assess how participants engaged with and utilized the best possible self (BPS)‐intervention specifically as a type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention tool.Design and MethodsFourteen participants engaged with a tailored BPS intervention. Reflexive thematic analysis analysed accounts of participant's experiences and feasibility of use.ResultsAll participants submitted evidence of engagement with the intervention. The analysis considered two main themes: Holistic Health and Control. The analysis highlighted several nuanced ways in which individuals conceptualized their health, set goals, and received affective benefits, offering insights into how people personalized a simple intervention to meet their health needs.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to tailor the BPS intervention as a public health application for the prevention of T2D. The intervention enabled users to identify their best possible selves in a way that encouraged T2D preventive behaviours. We propose that our tailored BPS intervention could be a flexible and brief tool to assist public health efforts in encouraging change to aid T2D prevention.Public ContributionThe format, language and application of the BPS intervention were adapted in response to a public consultation group that developed a version specifically for application in this study.
Content analysis of medical college library websites in Pakistan indicates necessary improvements
Authors: Ullah Midrar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLibrary websites are important for marketing library services and providing access to electronic resources.ObjectivesTo determine the extent and quality of medical college (school) library websites in Pakistan, according to predetermined criteria.MethodsA checklist of 40 items was developed from the literature on academic library website evaluation as well as observation of known best practice. The checklist was used on the 45 medical college websites that fitted initial inclusion criteria.ResultsOf the possible 114 candidates for inclusion, 52 institution websites contained no information about the library, 17 only provided minimum details, leaving 45 medical college library websites that could be included. Library websites lack uniformity, and most of the important features as only three library websites contained more than 20 items from the checklist. The Agha Khan University Medical College, Karachi library website contained the highest (27) number of items.DiscussionThe findings indicate the design of medical college library websites is generally inadequate in Pakistan. The websites are not performing a useful role in communicating with faculty and students. The findings point to inadequate website design skills among librarians or the lack of co‐operation with professional website designers.ConclusionsMarketing of library services and good customer relations demand improvements in the information architecture of medical college library websites as well as continued maintenance of the content to ensure that it is up to date.
Wounds in chronic leg oedema
Authors: Burian Ewa Anna , Karlsmark Tonny , Nørregaard Susan , Kirketerp‐Møller Klaus , Kirsner Robert Scott , Franks Peter John , Quéré Isabelle , Moffatt Christine Joy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWounds and chronic oedema are common disorders, but rarely studied together. The objective of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate the point‐prevalence and risk factors of wounds on the leg, in chronic leg oedema. Forty sites in nine countries were included. Of 7077 patients with chronic leg oedema, 12.70% had wounds. Independent risk factors were: peripheral arterial disease (odds ratio (OR) 4.87, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 3.63‐6.52), cellulitis within the past 12 months (OR 2.69, 95% CI 2.25‐3.21), secondary lymphoedema (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.93‐3.60), being male (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.78‐2.44), being over 85 years of age (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.23‐2.62), underweight (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.14‐2.79), bed bound (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.01‐3.16), chair bound (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.18‐1.97), diabetes (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.23‐1.77), and walking with aid (OR 1·41, 95% CI 1.17‐1.69). 43.22% of those with wounds had clinically defined well‐controlled oedema, associated with a significantly lower risk of wounds (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.42‐0.58, P < .001). Hard/fibrotic tissue (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.19‐2.48), and a positive Stemmers sign (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.05‐2.35) were associated with wounds. The study reinforces the importance of measures to control oedema, as controlled swelling was associated with a 50% lower risk of wounds.
Barriers and facilitators to exercise in haemodialysis patients: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Li Tianzi , Lv Aili , Xu Na , Huang Mei , Su Yan , Zhang Bin , Li XiaoMei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize the results of qualitative research and to identify the barriers and facilitators to exercise in haemodialysis patients from the perspectives of haemodialysis patients, caregivers and dialysis staff members.DesignSystematic review of qualitative studies.Data sourcesQualitative studies were extracted from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, CBM, CNKI and WanFang Database from inception of each database until July 2020. Qualitative research and mixed method research including barriers and/or facilitators to exercise in haemodialysis patients were included.Review methodsThe systematic search method SPIDER (sample, phenomenon of interest, design, evaluation, research type) was used. Thematic synthesis of qualitative data was used.Results284 studies were screened and 10 studies published between 2007 and 2020 were finally included in this review. The review included 180 patients, 70 dialysis staff members and seven caregivers. Five analytical themes were identified: disease distress, perception of exercise, environmental restrictions, spirit strength and hospital management. Barriers include disease distress, perception of exercise (security issue), environmental restrictions and hospital management. Facilitators include perception of exercise (exercise being considered beneficial, preference for exercise) and spirit strength (from religious beliefs). It is the spiritual strength (from family and friends, from dialysis staff members) that is both the barrier and the facilitator.ConclusionThere are many barriers in popularizing exercise among haemodialysis patients. Future intervention measures and health policies should strengthen the facilitators and reduce the barriers, so as to promote the clinical practice of exercise for haemodialysis patients.ImpactThis review summarizes the barriers and facilitators to exercise in haemodialysis patients. The results of this study have an impact on research, practice and health policy setting. The exercise level of haemodialysis patients can be improved by using the facilitators and solving the barriers.
Contributions of Three Criminological Theories to Explore Violent Delinquency of Urban Adolescents in Chicago’s Southside
Authors: Hong Jun Sung , Choi Jungtae , Robinson Luz E. , Peguero Anthony A. , Espelage Dorothy L. , Voisin Dexter R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aims to compare the applicability of the Social Disorganization Theory, General Strain Theory, and Social Control Theory in the exploration of violent delinquency in Chicago’s Southside. The study participants included 546 adolescents in Chicago. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. Supporting the Social Disorganization Theory, affiliation with delinquent peers mediated the association between poor neighborhood conditions and delinquency. Supporting the General Strain Theory, emotional distress mediated the relationship between peer victimization and delinquency. Inconsistent with the Social Control Theory, however, religiosity did not buffer the relationship between feeling disconnected from parents and delinquency.
Solar–geothermal drying/instant controlled pressure drop‐swell drying of mechanically dewatered tomato paste
Authors: Hadibi Tarik , Boubekri Abdelghani , Mennouche Djamel , Benhamza Abderrahmane , Besombes Colette , Allaf Karim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe economic value of many fruits and vegetables is closely related to their suitability for processing and preservation. In the case of tomatoes (about 94% wet basis wb), the manufacture of 1 kg of dry basis (db) powder (5% wb) or concentrate (30% wb) requires the evaporation of 15.9 or 15.7 kg H2O/kg db, respectively. In the current study, mechanical dewatering and geothermal‐assisted solar drying (SD) of tomato paste at 5.8 kg H2O/kg db allowed reaching the required final moisture level of 0.053 ± 0.002 kg H2O/kg wb with low‐cost energy. The instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) was used for texturing the predried tomato paste using the operative parameters of absolute saturated steam‐pressure P = 0.3 MPa and thermal holding‐time t = 30 s. The final hot air‐drying step of tomato paste was carried out at 39, 50, and 70°C with a constant velocity of 3 m s−1. The phenomenological modeling of the drying kinetics allowed identifying the starting accessibility and the effective water diffusivity. DIC texturing reduced drying time from 7 to 1.5 hr and improved the effective water diffusivity from 1.43 × 10−9 to 3.67 × 10−9 m2 s−1 for T = 70°C. The lowest activation energy was recorded for DIC samples with 25.69 kJ mol−1 compared with 41.87 kJ mol−1 for control samples. A comparison of visual quality revealed a huge enhancement for DIC‐samples compared with the control samples (RM). Moreover, the high economic value of dewatered tomato water was noticeable.Practical ApplicationsHigh quality, low energy consumption, and processing time are decisive factors for the industrial drying operations of agro‐products. Solar–geothermal drying combined with innovative treatment technology called instant controlled pressure drop (DIC)‐swell drying can be a good alternative to conventional drying methods such as hot air drying. Mechanical dewatering as a first step followed by solar–geothermal drying/DIC‐swell drying may greatly reduce drying time and improve the quality of the dried product on the one hand, and reduce energy consumption on the other hand. In addition to that, mechanical dewatering and separation allow us to benefit the peels and seeds, in addition to free product juice with less energy.
Recurrence rate and lesions characteristics after cold snare polypectomy of high‐grade dysplasia and T1 lesions: A multicenter analysis
Authors: Yoshida Naohisa , Fukumoto Kohei , Hasegawa Daisuke , Inagaki Yoshikazu , Inoue Ken , Hirose Ryohei , Dohi Osamu , Ogiso Kiyoshi , Murakami Takaaki , Tomie Akira , Okuda Kotaro , Inada Yutaka , Okuda Takashi , Rani Rafiz Abdul , Morinaga Yukiko , Kishimoto Mitsuo , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimHigh‐grade dysplasia (HGD) and T1 lesions are accidentally resected by cold snare polypectomy (CSP) and the characteristics, and follow‐up of them has not been reported. In this study, we analyzed the histopathological findings and recurrence of them.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective‐cohort study. We collected HGD and T1 lesions of ≤ 10 mm resected by CSP among 15 520 patients receiving CSP from 2014 to 2019 at nine related institutions, and we extracted only cases receiving definite follow‐up colonoscopy after CSP of HGD and T1 lesions. We analyzed these tumor's characteristics and therapeutic results such as R0 resection and local recurrence and risk factors of recurrence.ResultsWe collected 103 patients (0.63%) and extracted 80 lesions in 74 patients receiving follow‐up colonoscopy for CSP scar. Mean age was 68.4 ± 12.0, and male rate was 68.9% (51/80). The mean tumor size (mm) was 6.6 ± 2.5, and the rate of polypoid morphology and rectum location was 77.5% and 25.0%. The rate of magnified observation was 53.8%. The rates of en bloc resection and R0 resection were 92.5% and 37.5%. The local recurrence rate was 6.3% (5/80, median follow‐up period: 24.0 months). The recurrence developed within 3 months after CSP for four out of five recurrent cases. Comparing five recurrent lesions to 75 non‐recurrent lesions, a positive horizontal margin was a significant risk factor (60.0% vs 10.7%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsHigh‐grade dysplasia and T1 resected by CSP were analyzed, and the local recurrence rate of them was substantially high.
Effects of living arrangements on well‐being, perceived conflict, and intergroup attitudes for local and international students: Results from a field intervention
Authors: See Ya Hui Michelle , Wade Walter Patrick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImmigration may be perceived by members of host countries as a threat, with psychological and material impacts on immigrants' well‐being: it may reinforce negative stereotypes, promote discrimination, or even encourage violence. One means of alleviating such prejudice is increased intergroup contact. However, under certain conditions, increased contact can produce harmful outcomes as intergroup contact may provide opportunities for positive and negative relationships between ingroup and outgroup members. Further, relatively little research has examined intergroup contact between native host country members and immigrants in Asian societies, and in particular, in Singapore. To address this gap, the current research examined the effects of separating, clustering, or integrating international students from local ones at two Singaporean universities. We assessed the degree to which different living arrangements impacted local and international students’ intergroup contact, satisfaction with university life, perceptions of conflict, and intergroup attitudes. The findings suggest that those who are interested in improving intergroup relations via influencing the social ecology of majority and minority residents should provide opportunities for integration over separation or enclaves.
RNA‐seq between asexual archeospores and meiosis‐related conchospores in Neopyropia yezoensis using Smart‐seq2
Authors: He Bangxiang , Gu Wenhui , Wang Lijun , Zheng Zhenbing , Shao Zhizhuo , Huan Li , Zhang Baoyu , Ma Yingchao , Niu Jianfeng , Xie Xiujun , Wang Guangce 
Published: July 2021

In the life cycle of Neopyropia yezoensis, a potential model system for marine macroalgae, both asexual archeospores and meiosis‐related conchospores develop into thalli (gametophyte). To understand this special life phenomenon in macroalgae, we picked out the two kinds of spores (10–30 cells in each sample) and conducted RNA‐seq using Smart‐seq2. Comparative analysis showed that light capture and carbon fixation associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated in archeospores, thus indicating that archeospores are in a state of rapid vegetative growth. In conchospores, protein synthesis and degradation, especially molecular chaperone, associated DEGs were up‐regulated, indicating that complex life activities might be occurring in conchospores. There were 68 genes related to DNA replication and repair expressed in conchospores, showing that active DNA replication might occur in conchospores. Moreover, we found that one conchospore specifically expressed DEG (py04595: DNA helicase) only in diploid stages (conchocelis, sporangial filament) and three archeospores specifically expressed DEGs only in haploid stages (thalli). These molecular level results indicated that conchospores were closer to diploid, and might be the meiotic mother cells of N. yezoensis. In addition, we found that the knotted‐like homeobox gene (PyKNOX), which might relate to the transition of gametophyte from sporophyte, was only expressed in sporophyte generation but not expressed in conchospores, archeospores and thalli, indicating the morphogenesis of gametophyte sin N. yezoensis might require the inactivation of PyKNOX.
Brachial artery thrombosis in a dog causing monoparesis mimicking nerve sheath tumor
Authors: Andruzzi Melissa N. , Voges Andra K. , Russell Karen E. , Jeffery Nick D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere are few differential diagnoses for non‐orthopedic thoracic limb lameness in adult dogs aside from nerve tumors and disk‐associated nerve compression; this report introduces another etiology. A 9‐year‐old male castrated mixed dog presented with an episodic history of nonweight‐bearing thoracic limb lameness. Additional clinical signs included an atrophied thoracic limb with cool paw pads and painful axillary region. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, ultrasound, and exploratory surgery confirmed a chronic thrombus of the right brachial artery. No underlying cause for the thrombus was identified. The dog has been successfully managed on long‐term rivaroxaban and clopidogrel. Follow‐up ultrasound of the thrombus suggested early remodeling.
Interaction of feeding frequency and feeding rate on growth, nutrient utilization, and plasma metabolites of juvenile genetically improved farmed Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Cadorin Douglas I. , da Silva Maria F. O. , Masagounder Karthik , Fracalossi Débora M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe evaluated the possible interaction between feeding frequency (FF) and feeding rate (FR) on growth, nutrient utilization, body composition, and plasma metabolites of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (6.57 g). We tested three FFs: two, four, and six times a day, and two FRs: apparent satiation (AS) or restricted regime (RR), following a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement, in quadruplicate. The daily weight gain and specific growth rate were 56 and 19% higher in fish fed to AS than in fish fed under the RR, respectively. However, feed efficiency was 14% higher in fish fed in the RR. Fish fed to AS presented the highest body lipid (8.92%), whereas the fish fed in the RR showed the lowest (6.64%). Glucose and triglycerides were also higher in fish fed to AS. The protein retention ratio was highest in the RR (49.17% vs. 42.51%, respectively). Fish fed to AS showed 34% more body protein but 62% more body fat than the fish fed in the RR. There was no difference in feed efficiency or weight gain regarding FF, regardless of the FR. Therefore, feeding Nile tilapia juveniles twice a day is enough to achieve optimum growth.
Prevalence and temporal trends in prepregnancy nutritional status and gestational weight gain of adult women followed in the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System from 2008 to 2018
Authors: Carrilho Thaís Rangel Bousquet , Rasmussen Kathleen M. , Hutcheon Jennifer A. , Alves Ronaldo Fernandes Santos , Farias Dayana Rodrigues , Freitas‐Costa Nathalia Cristina , Gonzalez Mylena Maciel , Batalha Mônica Araújo , Kac Gilberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are the most investigated indicators of maternal nutritional status, which is a modifiable factor that plays a vital role in maternal and infant health. This study describes prepregnancy BMI and GWG of 840,243 women with 2,087,765 weight observations in the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System from 2008 to 2018. Prepregnancy BMI was classified according to the World Health Organization cut‐offs. Total GWG was calculated from weight measurements taken after 36 weeks of pregnancy and classified according to the Institute of Medicine guidelines. Temporal trends in prepregnancy BMI status were examined, and maps were used to evaluate changes in excessive GWG in each Brazilian federation unit. On overall, prepregnancy overweight and obesity increased from 22.6% to 28.8% and from 9.8% to 19.8%, respectively, between 2008 and 2018. The prevalence of excessive GWG rose from 34.2% to 38.7% during the same period and in 11 of the 27 Brazilian federation units between 2008 and 2016. Women with underweight showed the highest values for mean total GWG for all the compared years (overall variation from 12.3 to 13.1 kg), followed by those with normal weight (11.9 to 12.5 kg), overweight (10.1 to 10.9 kg) and obesity (from 8.2 to 8.9 kg). Within each BMI group, values remained fairly stable throughout the studied period for first‐ and second‐trimester GWG and total GWG. These results help to fill a significant gap in understanding the distribution of prepregnancy BMI and GWG in Brazilian women.
Genetic connectivity of two marine gastropods in the Mediterranean Sea: seascape genetics reveals species‐specific oceanographic drivers of gene flow
Authors: López‐Márquez Violeta , Cushman Samuel A. , Templado José , Wan Ho Yi , Bothwell Helen M. , Machordom Annie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOceanographic features such as currents, waves, temperature and salinity, together with life history traits, control patterns and rates of gene flow and contribute to shaping the population genetic structure of marine organisms. Seascape genetics is an emerging discipline that adopts a spatially explicit approach to examine biotic and abiotic factors that drive gene flow in marine environments. In this study, we examined factors that contribute to genetic differentiation in two coastal Mediterranean gastropods whose geographical ranges overlap but which inhabit different environments. The two species differ in several life history traits and in their dispersal capabilities. Genetic differentiation was relatively low for the trochid species Gibbula divaricata (FST =0.059), and high for the vermetid species Dendropoma lebeche (FST =0.410). Salinity emerged as the most important variable explaining the genetic structure of both species; sea surface temperature was also important for G. divaricata. For the more sessile D. lebeche, the coastline was predicted to provide important pathways for stepping‐stone connectivity and gene flow. Our results provide a greater understanding of the factors influencing marine population connectivity, which may be useful to guide marine conservation and management in the Mediterranean.