bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Application of Wiegand Effect for Generating a Reference Signal in Linear Positioning System
Authors: Lien Hung-Lin , Chang Jen-Yuan (James) 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With the development of industry, the application of linear positioning system has become more and more extensive, ranging from machine tools to optical inspection, laser processing, and robots. With the increase in applications of linear positioning system, linear positioning system has higher and higher requirements for accuracy and environment. Because of errors in assembly and processing of the linear motor stage, degradation of precision accuracy is commonly observed. The common used method for improving the accuracy is with laser interferometer to measure positioning errors, from which errors the corresponding error map can be built. The error map is then stored in motion controller to real-time compensate the positioning error. Since this method requires a reference position as the starting point of for error compensation with the pre-built error map, the reference position inevitably requires high repeatability so that the error map can effectively compensate the positioning error. Although reference signal generated by optical sensors has high repeatability and narrow pulse width, but it cannot maintain performance under severe ambient conditions caused by oil, water or dust. Hall-effect sensor can be used under severe ambient conditions; however, its signal has low repeatability and wide pulse width. It is then inappropriate for high precision requirements. This research presented in this paper is on the novel application of Wiegand effect for generating a reference signal. Wiegand effect can generate sharp pulse and the triggering of the pulse is independent of drive frequency. In this research, we use experiments and simulations to examine the relationship between different designs of magnetic circuit and repeatability of Wiegand pulse, which are later used to optimize the magnetic design of the system to improve the repeatability of Wiegand pulse.
The COVID-19 Lockdown and Changes in Routine-Oriented Lifestyle Behaviors and Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia in South Africa
Authors: Davy Jonathan P. , Scheuermaier Karine , Roden Laura C. , Christie Candice J. , Bentley Alison , Gomez-Olive Francesc X. , Iacovides Stella , Lewis Raphaella , Lipinska Gosia , Roche Johanna , Todd Andrew , Zschernack Swantje , Rae Dale E. 
Published: June 2021

Background: The authors assessed the impact of lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on routine-oriented lifestyle behaviors and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in South Africans. Methods: In this observational study, 1048 adults (median age = 27 y; n = 767 females; n = 473 students) responded to an online survey on work, exercise, screen, alcohol, caffeine and sleep behaviors, depression, anxiety, and insomnia before and during lockdown. Comparisons were made between males and females, and students and nonstudents. Results: During lockdown, males reported larger reductions in higher intensity exercise and alcohol use than females, while depressive symptoms increased more among females, more of whom also reported poorer sleep quality. Students demonstrated larger delays in work and sleep timing, greater increases in sitting, screen, sleep duration, napping, depression and insomnia and larger decreases in work hours, exercise time, and sleep regularity compared with nonstudents. Conclusions: Students experienced more changes in their routine-oriented behaviors than nonstudents, coupled with larger increases in depression and insomnia. The dramatic change in their work and sleep timing suggests habitual routines that are at odds with their chronotype, with their sleep changes during lockdown likely reflecting “catch-up” sleep in response to accumulated sleep debt under usual routines.
Effects of mechanical circulatory support devices in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing stent implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Shi Yunmin , Wang Yujie , Sun Xuejing , Tang Yan , Jiang Mengqing , Bai Yuanyuan , Liu Suzhen , Jiang Weihong , Yuan Hong , Lu Yao , Cai Jingjing 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe survival benefit of using mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still controversial. It is necessary to explore the impact on clinical outcomes of MCS in patients with AMI undergoing stenting.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesEmbase, Cochrane Library, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and Clinicaltrialsregister.eu databases were searched from database inception to February 2021.Eligibility criteriaRandomised clinical trials (RCTs) on MCS use in patients with AMI undergoing stent implantation were included.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted and summarised independently by two reviewers. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were calculated for clinical outcomes according to random-effects model.ResultsTwelve studies of 1497 patients with AMI were included, nine studies including 1382 patients compared MCS with non-MCS, and three studies including 115 patients compared percutaneous ventricular assist devices (pVADs) versus intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). Compared with non-MCS, MCS was not associated with short-term (within 30 days) (RR=0.90; 95% CI 0.57 to 1.41; I2=46.8%) and long-term (at least 6 months) (RR=0.82; 95% CI 0.57 to 1.17; I2=37.6%) mortality reductions. In the subset of patients without cardiogenic shock (CS) compared with non-MCS, the patients with IABP treatment significantly had decreased long-term mortality (RR=0.49; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.90; I2=0), but without the short-term mortality reductions (RR=0.51; 95% CI 0.22 to 1.19; I2=17.9%). While in the patients with CS, the patients with MCS did not benefit from the short-term (RR=1.09; 95% CI 0.67 to 1.79; I2=46.6%) or long-term (RR=1.00; 95% CI 0.75 to 1.33; I2=22.1%) survival. Moreover, the application of pVADs increased risk of bleeding (RR=1.86; 95% CI 1.15 to 3.00; I2=15.3%) compared with IABP treatment (RR=1.86; 95% CI 1.15 to 3.00; I2=15.3%).ConclusionsIn all patients with AMI undergoing stent implantation, the MCS use does not reduce all-cause mortality. Patients without CS can benefit from MCS regarding long-term survival, while patients with CS seem not.
Evaluation of the IgG antibody response to SARS CoV-2 infection and performance of a lateral flow immunoassay: cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis over 11 months
Authors: Robertson Louise J , Moore Julie S , Blighe Kevin , Ng Kok Yew , Quinn Nigel , Jennings Fergal , Warnock Gary , Sharpe Peter , Clarke Mark , Maguire Kathryn , Rainey Sharon , Price Ruth K , Burns William P , Kowalczyk Amanda M , Awuah Agnes , McNamee Sara E , Wallace Gayle E , Hunter David , Sager Steve , Chao Shern Connie , Nesbit M Andrew , McLaughlin James A D , Moore Tara 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the dynamics and longevity of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and assess the performance of professional use of the UK-RTC AbC-19 Rapid Test lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for the target condition of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG antibodies.DesignNationwide serological study.SettingNorthern Ireland, UK, May 2020–February 2021.ParticipantsPlasma samples were collected from a diverse cohort of individuals from the general public (n=279), Northern Ireland healthcare workers (n=195), pre-pandemic blood donations and research studies (n=223) and through a convalescent plasma programme (n=183). Plasma donors (n=101) were followed with sequential samples over 11 months post-symptom onset.Main outcome measuresSARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in plasma samples using Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgA/IgM, Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG and EuroImmun IgG SARS-CoV-2 ELISA immunoassays over time. UK-RTC AbC-19 LFIA sensitivity and specificity, estimated using a three-reference standard system to establish a characterised panel of 330 positive and 488 negative SARS-CoV-2 IgG samples.ResultsWe detected persistence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies for up to 10 months post-infection, across a minimum of two laboratory immunoassays. On the known positive cohort, the UK-RTC AbC-19 LFIA showed a sensitivity of 97.58% (95.28% to 98.95%) and on known negatives, showed specificity of 99.59% (98.53 % to 99.95%).ConclusionsThrough comprehensive analysis of a cohort of pre-pandemic and pandemic individuals, we show detectable levels of IgG antibodies, lasting over 46 weeks when assessed by EuroImmun ELISA, providing insight to antibody levels at later time points post-infection. We show good laboratory validation performance metrics for the AbC-19 rapid test for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG antibody detection in a laboratory-based setting.
Changes in life expectancy and lifespan variability by income quartiles in four Nordic countries: a study based on nationwide register data
Authors: Brønnum-Hansen Henrik , Östergren Olof , Tarkiainen Lasse , Hermansen Åsmund , Martikainen Pekka , van der Wel Kjetil A , Lundberg Olle 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesLevels, trends or changes in socioeconomic mortality differentials are typically described in terms of means, for example, life expectancies, but studies have suggested that there also are systematic social disparities in the dispersion around those means, in other words there are inequalities in lifespan variation. This study investigates changes in income inequalities in mean and distributional measures of mortality in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden over two decades.DesignNationwide register-based study.SettingThe Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish populations aged 30 years or over in 1997 and 2017.Main outcome measuresIncome-specific changes in life expectancy, lifespan variation and the contribution of ‘early’ and ‘late’ deaths to increasing life expectancy.ResultsIncreases in life expectancy has taken place in all four countries, but there are systematic differences across income groups. In general, the largest gains in life expectancy were observed in Denmark, and the smallest increase among low-income women in Sweden and Norway. Overall, life expectancy increased and lifespan variation decreased with increasing income level. These differences grew larger over time. In all countries, a marked postponement of early deaths led to a compression of mortality in the top three income quartiles for both genders. This did not occur for the lowest income quartile.ConclusionIncreasing life expectancy is typically accompanied by postponement of early deaths and reduction of lifespan inequality in the higher-income groups. However, Nordic welfare societies are challenged by the fact that postponing premature deaths among people in the lowest-income groups is not taking place.
Preoperative contingency management intervention for smoking abstinence in cancer patients: trial protocol for a multisite randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rojewski Alana M , Fucito Lisa M , Baker Nathaniel L , Palmer Amanda M , Foster Madeline G , Warren Graham W , Bernstein Steven L , Toll Benjamin A 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionContinued smoking following a cancer diagnosis has substantial health risks including increased overall and cancer-specific mortality, risk of secondary malignancies, cancer treatment toxicity and risk of surgical complications. These risks can be mitigated by quitting smoking. The preoperative period represents a prime opportunity in which to administer robust smoking cessation treatment to both improve health and support and improve surgical outcomes. We will conduct a randomised clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of financial incentives delivered contingent on biochemically verified smoking abstinence (contingency management (CM)) in patients with cancer undergoing surgery.Methods and analysisThe study will take place across two study sites, and participants (N=282) who smoke, are diagnosed with or suspected to have any type of operable cancer and have a surgical procedure scheduled in the next 10 days to 5 weeks will be randomised to receive standard care plus Monitoring Only or CM prior to surgery. All patients will receive breath carbon monoxide (CO) tests three times per week, nicotine replacement therapy and counselling. The CM group will also earn payments for self-reported smoking abstinence confirmed by CO breath test ≤4 ppm on an escalating schedule of reinforcement (with a reset if they smoked). Point prevalence abstinence (PPA) outcomes (self-report of 7-day abstinence confirmed by CO≤4 ppm and/or anabasine ≤2 ng/mL) will be assessed on the day of surgery and 6 months after surgery. The effect of CM on 7-day PPA at the time of surgery and 6-month follow-up will be modelled using generalised linear mixed effects models.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been reviewed and approved by the Medical University of South Carolina Institutional Review Board. We will disseminate our scientific results through traditional research-oriented outlets such as presentations at scientific meetings and publications in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04605458.
Telenursing home care and COVID-19: a qualitative study
Authors: Kord Zeynab , Fereidouni Zhila , Mirzaee Mohammad Saeed , Alizadeh Zeinab , Behnammoghadam Mohammad , Rezaei Malihe , Abdi Naeem , Delfani Fatemeh , Zaj Parisa 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to many challenges such as increased number of patients and the risk of the disease progress in the world’s healthcare systems, especially nursing. The capacity of technology can help nursing in such conditions. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of patients with COVID-19 with home care by using telenursing.MethodsThe present study is a qualitative research conducted using the descriptive phenomenological method. The participants were selected using purposive sampling method and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After obtaining ethical approval, data were collected through semistructured interviews. Open-ended questions and follow-up were used in the interviews. The interviews were conducted using Skype application and telephone. All data were recorded, and MAXQDA software was used to manage the data. Data analysis was performed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used to evaluate the trustworthiness of the data.ResultsThe main themes and their subthemes included ‘facilitators’ (improvement of relationships, adequate education and counselling, adequate care and support, improvement and promotion of health) and ‘barriers’ (lack of previous knowledge and experience, infrastructure problems, confusion in hospital programmes and the pressure caused by the COVID-19 pandemic).ConclusionGiven the potential capacity of telenursing, strong field studies are recommended to be conducted in this area. The results of such studies can contribute to the rapid and serious use of telenursing in the area of care, education, support, follow-up and counselling of patients.
Quantum theory of redshift in de Sitter expanding universe
Authors: Cotăescu Ion I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe quantum theory of the Maxwell free field in Coulomb gauge on the de Sitter expanding universe is completed with the technical elements needed for building a coherent quantum theory of redshift. Paying special attention to the conserved observables and defining the projection operator selecting the detected momenta it is shown that the expectation values of the energies of the emitted and detected photons comply with the Lemaître rule of Hubble’s law. Moreover, the quantum corrections to the dispersions of the principal observables and new uncertainty relations are derived.
Virtue in the “Book of Changes”
Authors: Schilling Dennis 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present paper gives a systematic account of the concept of virtue represented by de 德 in the “Book of Changes.” It starts with a short summary of the impact of this concept on later Song dynasty philosophy. In this traditional view, “virtue” is considered to be a natural entity which contains intrinsic dynamics. This naturalistic view of morality is later contrasted with earlier notions of de or “virtue” in the canonized edition of the “Changes.” The paper first examines its meaning in the oracle sayings and then moves on to the “Traditions of the Changes,” Yizhuan 易傳. Placed in its own historical context, the concept of “virtue” goes together with ideas of destiny, political authority and spirit-like efficacy.
De 德 Ethics in the Four Books
Authors: Yao Xinzhong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Through a detailed analysis of de德 as used in the Four Books (Sishu 四書), this article is intended to examine the unity between two kinds of virtue manifested respectively through cultivating an admirable character in one’s self (moral agent) and enabling aretaic activities in the public sphere (political agent). By investigating how early Confucian masters integrate internal goodness and virtuous governance as the moral reasons for the common good and the flourishing of human community, we seek to reconstruct the ethics in the Four Books that is focused on de as the gravity center. This leads in turn to an account of a particular kind of “virtue ethics” or better, de ethics, which has underpinned all Confucian discourses on personal character and political practices.
Using fitness trackers to increase physical activity in a US Army health initiative
Authors: Brown Jill A , Whittaker Kerry S , Hawkins Stacy Ann , Jackson Santo Theresa , Teyhen Deydre S 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Fitness trackers are appealing in public health intervention programmes aimed at promoting physical activity, but it is unclear whether tracker use leads to health behaviour change in soldiers. This programme evaluation investigated the effects of fitness tracker usage on goal-setting, self-monitoring and physical activity behaviours in soldiers participating in a 6-month pilot health promotion programme focused on improving sleep, activity and nutrition behaviours. Design: Participants in this programme ( n = 4,418) were assigned to a health education, an education plus fitness tracker or a comparison (i.e. no intervention) condition. Data were collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Setting: Soldiers in five brigades participated in one of the three conditions, with health education integrated into daily operations. Method: Participants in the health education and education plus fitness tracker conditions were exposed to materials distributed via health educators and through leader interaction. Participants in the education plus fitness tracker condition were also assigned a fitness tracker for use. Results: Self-monitoring increased in all conditions over time; however, there was a significant interaction of group by time, such that individuals in the fitness tracker condition reported significantly greater increases in self-monitoring over time, compared with the other groups. Conversely, self-reported physical activity decreased in all conditions over time, with no significant interaction, indicating no effect of group membership. Conclusion: Although fitness trackers are popular in the health and fitness industry, they may have limited utility as a public health intervention aimed at increasing physical activity in soldiers participating in this programme.
Measuring recovery in Arabic countries: Translation of the self-efficacy for personal recovery scale
Authors: Ibrahim Nashwa , Newby Christopher , Thomas Neil , Slade Mike 
Published: June 2021

Self-efficacy – positive beliefs about one’s own competencies and mastery – is associated with better recovery outcomes for people using mental health services. Aim: To translate the Self-Efficacy for Personal Recovery Scale (SEPRS) into Arabic and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version. Methods: An established translation methodology was employed, involving back-translation, comparison, forward-translation, comparison, and piloting. The pre-final version of the Arabic translated scale was tested for clarity with young people with a primary diagnosis of mental health problem. The final Arabic version and standardized measures of hope and loneliness were administered to 119 young people in two rounds. Results: Internal consistency was adequate (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.87 in round 1, 0.91 in round 2). Consistent with the English version, a one-factor solution best fitted the data. The correlation between SEPRS and hope was R = 0.60 (round 1) and R = 0.61 (round 2), indicating convergent validity. The correlation between SEPRS and loneliness was R = −0.52 (round 1) and R = −0.60 (round 2). Correlation between test and retest was R = −0.998 indicated adequate test-retest reliability. Minimal floor and ceiling effects were detected. Conclusion: The use of the Arabic SEPRS with Arabic-speaking samples is supported. Further research to investigate divergent validity is warranted.
A qualitative examination of the mental health impact of Covid-19 in marginalized communities in Guatemala: The Covid Care Calls survey
Authors: Alonzo Dana , Popescu Marciana 
Published: June 2021

Background: The mental health impact of Covid-19 from the perspective of individuals experiencing psychological distress during lockdown period in marginalized, high-risk communities remains underinvestigated. Aims: This study aims to identify key factors related to psychological distress resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic across highly vulnerable districts in Guatemala. Methods: The Covid Care Calls (CCC) survey was administered to households in 11 districts in Guatemala to gather information about medical, mental health, and psychosocial status during the lockdown period; provide referral for care; and disseminate information on evidence-based protective measures to stem the spread of the virus. The 330 individuals participated the survey. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze survey data. Results: Most commonly reported mental health issues since the start of the pandemic were anxiety (46%), stress (36%), and exacerbation of pre-Covid-19 mental health conditions (19%). Depression and burnout were equally reported by 12% of participants. Only 2% reported issues with safety in the home. Concerns about catching the virus and economic worries were the most commonly reported sources of psychological distress. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate a high prevalence of anxiety, stress, and increased prior mental health symptoms resulting from the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic in low-income, high-risk communities across Guatemala. Efforts focused on enhancing coping strategies as well as psychoeducation to address stigma and increase help-seeking for depression are particularly important.