bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of climate change impact on wintertime meteorology over California using dynamical downscaling method with a bias correction technique
Authors: Zhao Zhan , Di Pingkuan , Chen Shu-Hua , Avise Jeremy , Kaduwela Ajith 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClimate change can potentially have great impacts on wintertime precipitation and stagnant conditions, which are critical for both water resources and wintertime particulate matter (PM), in California. This study utilizes the Weather Research and Forecasting model to dynamically downscale a bias-corrected coarse-resolution global climate model dataset from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to a grid size of 4 × 4 km2 over California for a present (2003–2012) and a future (2046–2055) decade. Compared to the present climate, an increase in 2-m temperature (up to 2 K) and water vapor mixing ratio (up to 1 g/kg) and a decrease in planetary boundary layer height (up to 80 m) are projected by the 2050s for the entire state of California. The number of stagnant days over the San Joaquin Valley is expected to increase by approximately 6% in the future decade, indicating potential exacerbation of the winter PM issue in this region. The wintertime precipitation is projected to increase by up to 50% in northern California and, conversely, to decrease by up to 40% in southern California during 2046–2055. The solid phase precipitation is projected to decrease over mountain ranges with lower elevations despite an overall increase in total precipitation, while it is projected to increase over the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada with elevation over 2 km.
Diagnostic imaging versus surgical procedure: intra- and postoperative OCT evaluation of sutureless scleral-fixated intraocular lens implantation and possible related complications
Authors: Nuzzi Raffaele , Rossi Alessandro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBecause the popularity of corneal refractive surgery has been increasing throughout the last 25 years, many authors have thought to apply optical coherence tomography (OCT) to the anterior segment (AS-OCT); by revising the instrumentation needed and slightly improve the technique, it has become an element of vital importance in order to ensure a complete and exhaustive pre- and postsurgical evaluation. Many applications of OCT have been recently developed—mostly in cataract surgery due to the increasing numbers—such as chamber biometry, which is used in a preoperative stage to determine the details of IOL implantation, and lens evaluation. The aim of this review is to assess the applications of anterior segment OCT in dislocated IOL and/or capsular bag exchange surgery with scleral sutureless fixated intraocular lens and monitoring of possible postoperative complications.
Bicycle spiroergometry: comparison of standardized examination protocols for adolescents: is it necessary to define own standard values for each protocol?
Authors: Windhaber Jana , Steinbauer Monica , Holter Magdalena , Wieland Annemarie , Kogler Kristina , Riedl Regina , Schober Peter , Castellani Christoph , Singer Georg , Till Holger 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To compare performance data of adolescents collected with five different bicycle spiroergometry protocols and to assess the necessity for establishing standard values for each protocol.

Methods
One-hundred-twenty adolescents completed two bicycle spiroergometries within 14 days. One of the two tests was performed based on our institutional weight-adapted protocol (P0). The other test was performed based on one out of four exercise protocols widely used for children and adolescents (P1, 2, 3 or 4) with 30 persons each. The two tests were performed in a random order. Routine parameters of cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) such as VO2peak, maximum power, O2 pulse, OUES, VE/VCO2 slope as well as ventilatory and lactate thresholds were investigated. Agreement between protocols was evaluated by Bland–Altman analysis, coefficients of variation (CV) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC).

Results
None of the CPET parameters were significantly different between P0 and P1, 2, 3 or 4. For most of the parameters, low biases between P0 and P1–P4 were found and 95% confidence intervalls were narrow. CV and ICC values largely corresponded to well-defined analytical goals (CV < 10% and ICC > 0.9). Only maximal power (Pmax) showed differences in size and drift of the bias depending on the length of the step duration of the protocols.

Conclusion
Comparability between examination protocols has been shown for CPET parameters independent on step duration. Protocol-dependent standard values do not appear to be necessary. Only Pmax is dependent on the step duration, but in most cases, this has no significant influence on the fitness assessment.
Is external hydrocephalus a possible differential diagnosis when child abuse is suspected?
Authors: Scheller Joseph , Wester Knut 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Criteria for diagnosing abusive head trauma (AHT) or “shaken baby syndrome” are not well defined; consequently, these conditions might be diagnosed on failing premises.

Methods
The authors have collected a total of 28 infants, from the US (20) and Norway (8), suspected of having been violently shaken, and their caregivers had been suspected, investigated, prosecuted or convicted of having performed this action. Among 26 symptomatic infants, there were 18 boys (69%) and 8 girls (31%)—mean age 5.1 month, without age difference between genders.

Results
Twenty-one of 26 symptomatic children (81%) had a head circumference at or above the 90 percentile, and 18 had a head circumference at or above the 97 percentile. After macrocephaly, seizure was the most frequent initial symptom in 13 (50%) of the symptomatic infants. Seventeen (65%) of the symptomatic infants had bilateral retinal haemorrhages, and two had unilateral retinal haemorrhages. All infants had neuroimaging compatible with chronic subdural haematomas/hygromas as well as radiological characteristics compatible with benign external hydrocephalus (BEH).

Conclusions
BEH with subdural haematomas/hygromas in infants may sometimes be misdiagnosed as abusive head trauma. Based on the authors’ experience and findings of the study, the following measures are suggested to avoid this diagnostic pitfall: medical experts in infant abuse cases should be trained in recognising clinical and radiological BEH features, clinicians with neuro-paediatric experience should always be included in the expert teams and reliable information about the head circumference development from birth should always be available.
Influence of motivational placebo-related factors on the effects of exercise treatment in depressive adolescents
Authors: Wunram Heidrun Lioba , Hamacher Stefanie , Oberste Max , Neufang Susanne , Belke Luisa , Jänicke Franziska , Graf Christine , Schönau Eckhard , Bender Stephan , Fricke Oliver 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent meta-analyses reveal a moderate effect of physical activity (PA) in the treatment of adolescent depression. However, not only the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, also the influences of placebo-related motivational factors (beliefs and expectancies in sporting, enjoyment and prior sports experiences), are still unclear. Based on the data of our prior study “Mood Vibes”, we hypothesized that placebo-inherent factors like positive prior sports experiences and motivational factors, (positive beliefs, expectancies, and enjoyment related to PA), would increase the effects of an add-on exercise-therapy in juvenile depression. From 64 included depressed adolescents, 41 underwent an intensive add-on PA-therapy. Motivational factors were assessed using sport-specific scales. The changes in depression scores under treatment were rated by self-rating scale (German “Childhood Depression Inventory”, (DIKJ)). A mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) was used to analyze the effects of the different motivational variates on DIKJ. While prior sports experiences had no impact, motivational factors showed a significant effect on PA-induced changes in DIKJ scores (p = 0.002). The demotivated participants improved less, whereas it was sufficient to be neutral towards sporting to benefit significantly more. Motivational placebo-related factors (beliefs, expectancies and enjoyment regarding PA) affected the outcomes of an exercise treatment in depressed adolescents. Yet, a neutral mindset was sufficient to profit more from PA. Prior sporting in the sense of positive conditioning and as a protective factor did not play a role. Knowledge about these influences could in a second step help to develop tailored therapies.
Do-not-intubate status and COVID-19 mortality in patients admitted to Dutch non-ICU wards
Authors: van der Veer Tjeerd , van der Sar-van der Brugge Simone , Paats Marthe S. , van Nood Els , de Backer Ingrid C. , Aerts Joachim G. J. V. , van der Eerden Menno M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMortality from COVID-19 has been particularly high in elderly patients on mechanical ventilation. Treatment outcomes for patients with do-not-intubate (DNI) status are unknown. One hundred patients admitted to the non-ICU ward during the “first wave” were retrospectively analyzed. Mortality rate was 49% in patients with a DNI order. This subgroup was characterized by significantly higher age, more comorbidity, and care dependency. Mortality among DNI patients was three times higher than other patients, but not higher than some of the published mortality rates for elderly mechanically ventilated patients. Advanced care planning is essential in COVID-19 to assist patient autonomy and prevent non-beneficial medical interventions.
Does parental heart rate affect embryonic heart rate during incubation? An experiment in Common Terns Sterna hirundo
Authors: Kürten Nathalie , Piening Kristin , Vedder Oscar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEmbryonic heart rate is a strong determinant of metabolic rate and the rate of embryonic development in oviparous species. In humans, embryonic heart rate is positively correlated with the heart rate of the mother. However, human embryos do not develop autonomously from the maternal circulatory system, making it impossible to separate maternal control from an independent embryonic adjustment of its heart rate to that of its mother. In birds, embryonic development does occur autonomously from the mother, while the embryo can auditively perceive the heart rate of the incubating parent. In this study, we used Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) to experimentally test whether the embryonic heart rate is affected by parental heart rate during incubation. We artificially incubated freshly laid eggs under standardized conditions and continuously exposed them to the sound of either a slow or fast parental heart rate throughout the first 18 days of embryonic development. At day 18 of embryonic development (a few days before hatching) there was no significant difference in the embryonic heart rate between both treatments. There was also no effect of treatment on either total duration of embryonic development or hatching success. We suggest that embryonic heart rate and development rate may not be affected by the heart rate of the parent because natural parental heart rates are very sensitive to external conditions that may fluctuate drastically, while embryos may need a relatively stable heart rate for optimal development.
Speckle tracking derived strain in neonates: planes, layers and drift
Authors: Khan Umael , Omdal Tom R. , Matre Knut , Greve Gottfried 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aims of this study was to assess the effect of using a four chamber versus a three plane model on speckle tracking derived global longitudinal strain, the effects of drift compensation, the effect of assessing strain in different layers and finally the interplay between these aspects for the assessment of strain in neonates. Speckle tracking derived longitudinal strain was obtained from 22 healthy neonates. ANOVA, Bland–Altman analyses, coefficients of variation and assessment of intraclass correlation coefficients were conducted to assess the effect of the abovementioned aspects as well as assess both inter-observer and intra-observer variability. Neither the use of the three plane model versus the four chamber model nor the use of drift compensation had a substantial effect on global longitudinal strain (less than 1%, depending on which layer was being assessed). A gradient was seen with increasing strain from the epicardial to endocardial layers, similar to what is seen in older subjects. Finally, drift compensation introduced more discrepancy in segmental strain values compared to global longitudinal strain. Global longitudinal strain in healthy neonates remains reasonably consistent regardless of whether the three plane or four chamber model is used and whether drift compensation is applied. Its value increases when one moves from the endocardial to the epicardial layer. Finally, drift compensation introduces more discrepancy for regional measures of longitudinal strain compared to global longitudinal strain.
Extended analytical formulae for the perturbed Keplerian motion under low-thrust acceleration and orbital perturbations
Authors: Di Carlo Marilena , Graça Marto Simão da , Vasile Massimiliano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a collection of analytical formulae that can be used in the long-term propagation of the motion of a spacecraft subject to low-thrust acceleration and orbital perturbations. The paper considers accelerations due to: a low-thrust profile following an inverse square law, gravity perturbations due to the central body gravity field and the third-body gravitational perturbation. The analytical formulae are expressed in terms of non-singular equinoctial elements. The formulae for the third-body gravitational perturbation have been obtained starting from equations for the third-body potential already available in the literature. However, the final analytical formulae for the variation of the equinoctial orbital elements are a novel derivation. The results are validated, for different orbital regimes, using high-precision numerical orbit propagators.
AEDGE: Atomic experiment for dark matter and gravity exploration in space
Authors: Bertoldi Andrea , Bongs Kai , Bouyer Philippe , Buchmueller Oliver , Canuel Benjamin , Caramete Laurentiu-Ioan , Chiofalo Maria Luisa , Coleman Jonathon , De Roeck Albert , Ellis John , Graham Peter W. , Haehnelt Martin G. , Hees Aurélien , Hogan Jason , von Klitzing Wolf , Krutzik Markus , Lewicki Marek , McCabe Christopher , Peters Achim , Rasel Ernst , Roura Albert , Sabulsky Dylan , Schiller Stephan , Schubert Christian , Signorini Carla , Sorrentino Fiodor , Singh Yeshpal , Tino Guglielmo Maria , Vaskonen Ville , Zhan Ming-Sheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article contains a summary of the White Paper submitted in 2019 to the ESA Voyage 2050 process, which was subsequently published in EPJ Quantum Technology (AEDGE Collaboration et al. EPJ Quant. Technol. 7,6 2020). We propose in this White Paper a concept for a space experiment using cold atoms to search for ultra-light dark matter, and to detect gravitational waves in the frequency range between the most sensitive ranges of LISA and the terrestrial LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA/INDIGO experiments. This interdisciplinary experiment, called Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration (AEDGE), will also complement other planned searches for dark matter, and exploit synergies with other gravitational wave detectors. We give examples of the extended range of sensitivity to ultra-light dark matter offered by AEDGE, and how its gravitational-wave measurements could explore the assembly of super-massive black holes, first-order phase transitions in the early universe and cosmic strings. AEDGE will be based upon technologies now being developed for terrestrial experiments using cold atoms, and will benefit from the space experience obtained with, e.g., LISA and cold atom experiments in microgravity.
LncRNA NEAT1 Promotes Inflammatory Response in Sepsis via the miR-31-5p/POU2F1 Axis
Authors: Yang Yang , Xue Jianhua , Qin Lili , Zhang Jiaxuan , Liu Jiajia , Yu Junbo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sepsis is considered to be a systemic inflammatory response, which results in organ dysfunction. LncRNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) involved in sepsis progression has been reported. However, the underlying mechanism of NEAT1 in sepsis-induced inflammatory response remains to be revealed. In this study, NEAT1 and POU domain class 2 transcription factor 1 (POU2F1) were highly expressed in LPS-induced septic RAW264.7 cells, opposite to miR-31-5p expression. Furthermore, we found that NEAT1 silencing inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response and cell proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis. Subsequently, we found that miR-31-5p interacted with NEAT1 and targeted the 3′UTR of POU2F1, and in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, the inhibition of NEAT1 silencing was reversed by miR-31-5p knockdown, while POU2F1 downregulation could cover the functions of miR-31-5p knockdown. In a word, this study indicates that NEAT1 inhibits the LPS-induced progression of sepsis in RAW264.7 cells by modulating miR-31-5p/POU2F1 axis, suggesting that NEAT1 will be the potential therapeutic target for sepsis.
Pregnancy outcomes in women receiving growth hormone replacement therapy enrolled in the NordiNet® International Outcome Study (IOS) and the American Norditropin® Studies: Web-Enabled Research (ANSWER) Program
Authors: Biller Beverly M. K. , Höybye Charlotte , Carroll Paul , Gordon Murray B. , Birkegård Anna Camilla , Kelepouris Nicky , Nedjatian Navid , Weber Matthias M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Data on the safety of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy during pregnancy are limited. We report a combined analysis of data from pregnant women treated with GH while enrolled in two non-interventional, multicenter studies: NordiNet® International Outcome Study (IOS) and the American Norditropin® Studies: Web-Enabled Research (ANSWER) Program.

Methods
Pregnancy data were pooled from NordiNet® IOS and the ANSWER Program. Data were collected during routine clinic visits by participating physicians using a web-based system. Patients exposed to GH replacement therapy during pregnancy were included in the analysis.

Results
The study population included 40 female patients with typical causes of adult GH deficiency (GHD). Overall, there were 54 pregnancies. Of these, 47 were exposed to GH between conception and delivery. In 48.9% of pregnancies exposed to GH, the dose was > 0.6 mg/day. GH was continued past conception and then stopped during the first, second, and third trimester, in 27.7%, 17.0%, and 2.1% of pregnancies, respectively. In 29.8%, GH was continued throughout pregnancy, with an unchanged dose in most cases. Of the 47 GH-exposed pregnancies, 37 (78.7%) progressed to normal delivery. There were three adverse events reported in two pregnancies.

Conclusion
These real-world data suggest that there were no new safety signals related to GH exposure in women with GHD during pregnancy. These results are consistent with findings from previous studies reporting data in pregnancies exposed to GH at conception or throughout pregnancy. This observational study in additional pregnancies provides further evidence that GH exposure does not adversely affect pregnancy outcome.
Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00960128 (date of registration: August 13, 2009) and NCT01009905 (date of registration: November 5, 2009).
How to measure fluctuating impairments in people with MS: development of an ambulatory assessment version of the EQ-5D-5L in an exploratory study
Authors: Blome Christine , Carlton Jill , Heesen Christoph , Janssen Mathieu F. , Lloyd Andrew , Otten Marina , Brazier John 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Health fluctuations even within a single day are typical in multiple sclerosis (MS), but are not captured by widely used questionnaires like the EQ-5D-5L. This exploratory study aimed to develop an ambulatory assessment (AA) version of the EQ-5D-5L (EQ-5D-AA) where patients rate their health on mobile phones multiple times per day over several days, and to assess its feasibility and face validity.

Methods
An initial EQ-5D-AA version was based on two patient focus groups. It was then tested and continuously developed in an iterative process: patients completed it over several days, followed by debriefing interviews. Findings were used to refine the EQ-5D-AA, with the resulting version being tested by the subsequent wave of patients until participants declared no need for changes anymore. Before and after the AA period, participants completed the standard paper-based EQ-5D-5L asking about ‘today’.

Results
Focus group participants reported that their impairments often fluctuated between and within days. They regarded an AA with three assessments per day over seven days most appropriate; assessment should be retrospective to the previous assessment, but not all items should be assessed at each time point. Four waves of AA testing were conducted. Thirteen out of the 17 participants preferred the AA over standard assessment as they regarded it more informative, but not too burdensome.

Conclusion
The newly developed one-week AA of the EQ-5D-5L captures within-day and day-to-day health fluctuations in people with MS. From the patients’ perspective, it is a feasible and face valid way to provide important information beyond what is captured by the standard EQ-5D-5L.
Pharmacogenomics applied to recombinant human growth hormone responses in children with short stature
Authors: Stevens Adam , Perchard Reena , Garner Terence , Clayton Peter , Murray Philip 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present current knowledge concerning the pharmacogenomics of growth hormone therapy in children with short stature. We consider the evidence now emerging for the polygenic nature of response to recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH). These data are related predominantly to the use of transcriptomic data for prediction. The impact of the complex interactions of developmental phenotype over childhood on response to r-hGH are discussed. Finally, the issues that need to be addressed in order to develop a clinical test are described.
Language of instruction: Concerning its choice and social prestige in Burkina Faso
Authors: David-Erb Melanie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article explores and discusses one of the main findings of the author’s recent dissertation, namely that parents’ and pupils’ choice of language of instruction in formal schooling depends on its social prestige. The author first reviews the latest research on language in education in sub-Saharan Africa, and asks why indigenous languages are so rarely used in formal schooling in this region, despite political demands for their greater use and ample scientific research showing their positive effects. Burkina Faso exemplifies this seemingly contradictory situation. Indigenous languages and French are complementary in formal and non-formal schooling as well as in areas of informal education; however, a closer look at the areas of application of each language reveals that indigenous languages have lower prestige than French, as well as lower expected and required outcomes. This is one possible explanation for the low usage rates of indigenous languages in formal schooling and reveals the extent to which the choice of language of instruction depends on its social prestige.