bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of the Fault Systems That Host-Induced Earthquakes in the Delaware Basin of West Texas and Southeast New Mexico
Authors: Hennings Peter , Dvory Noam , Horne Elizabeth , Li Peng , Savvaidis Alexandros , Zoback Mark 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Delaware basin of west Texas and southeast New Mexico has experienced elevated earthquake rates linked spatiotemporally to unconventional petroleum operations. Limited knowledge of subsurface faults, the in situ geomechanical state, and the exact way in which petroleum operations have affected pore pressure (Pp) and stress state at depth makes causative assessment difficult, and the actions required for mitigation uncertain. To advance both goals, we integrate comprehensive regional fault interpretations, deterministic fault-slip potential (DFSP), and multiple earthquake catalogs to assess specifically how faults of two systems—deeper basement-rooted (BR) and shallow normal (SN)—can be made to slip as Pp is elevated. In their natural state, the overall population faults in both the systems have relatively stable DFSP, which explains the low earthquake rate prior to human inducement. BR faults with naturally unstable DFSP and associated earthquake sequences are few but include the Culberson–Mentone earthquake zone, which is near areas of wastewater injection into strata above basement. As a system, the SN faults in the southcentral Delaware basin are uniformly susceptible to slip with small increases in Pp. Many earthquakes sequences have occurred along these shallow faults in association with elevated Pp from shallow wastewater injection and hydraulic fracturing. Our new maps and methods can be used to better plan and regulate petroleum operations to avoid fault rupture.
Adaptación, validación y puntos de corte del Cuestionario de edades y etapas-3ra edición (ASQ-3) en español, en una zona urbana de Lima-Perú.
Authors: Gudiel-Hermoza Adriel , Gudiel-Hermoza Jorge , Guillén-Pinto Daniel 
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Adaptar y determinar la confiabilidad, validez y puntos de corte de la versión en español del Cuestionario de edades y etapas tercera edición (ASQ-3), un instrumento de vigilancia y tamizaje del desarrollo psicomotor, en una población urbana de la zona norte de Lima, Perú. Material y Métodos: Mediante muestreo por conveniencia, se aplicaron formas del cuestionario ASQ-3 a padres de niños entre 1 a 66 meses de edad, en un entorno de consulta ambulatoria. Resultados: Se aplicó un total de 5,830 cuestionarios correspondientes a 3,570 niños, 2,667 (45,7 %) de los cuales contaban entre 14 y 36 meses de edad. La consistencia interna general y por cada área del desarrollo, evaluadas mediante el Índice alfa ordinal, oscilaron entre 0,70 - 0,94. El Índice de validez de contenido por el criterio de jueces, medido con el método Lawshe, la V de Aiken o ambos, fue válido para la mayoría de los cuestionarios. La correlación biserial ítem-test fue > 0,30 en la mayoría de los ítems (p< 0,010). El Índice error medio cuadrático de aproximación (RMSEA) del análisis factorial fue < 0.10, puntualizando un nivel adecuado para las cinco áreas de evaluación del ASQ-3. Los puntos de corte fueron determinados por intervalos de edad y área. Conclusiones: La versión en español del ASQ-3 adaptada a la población del estudio demostró ser un instrumento confiable y válido para la vigilancia y tamizaje del desarrollo psicomotor de niños menores de 5 años de edad en un entorno urbano de consulta ambulatoria en Lima, Perú.
Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade Influences ACE2 in Human Type II Pneumocytes
Authors: Silva Mauro G , Falcoff Nora L , Corradi Gerardo C , Alfie José , Seguel Rolando F. , Tabaj Gabriela , Iglesias Laura , Nuñez Myriam , Guman Gabriela R. , Gironacci Mariela M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aims. In addition to its enzymatic function counterbalancing the pressor arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 acts as the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Viral fusion and cellular entry require ACE2 and the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Some evidence in tissue animals showed that RAS blockade by either ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) or type 1 angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) influence ACE2, though evidence in human lungs is lacking. Our aim was to evaluate ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in type II pneumocytes, the key cells that maintain lung homeostasis, present in lung parenchymal of ACEI/ARB-treated subjects compared to untreated control subjects. Methods and Results. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The percentage of ACE2-expressing type II pneumocytes were not different between male and female. We found a significant interaction between ACEI/ARB treatment and smoking on ACE2-expressing type II pneumocytes (P = 0.026). Subjects with a positive history of smoking and ACEI/ARB treatment contained higher number of ACE2-expressing type II pneumocytes. Furthermore, ACE2 protein content correlated positively with smoking habits and age (P = 0.05). On the other hand, the percentage of TMPRSS2-expressing type II pneumocytes were higher in males than females (P = 0.026) and in subjects under 60 years of age (P = 0.04) and not significantly influenced by ACEI/ARB treatment (p=0.06). There was a positive association of TMPRSS2 protein content with age (P = 0.001) and smoking (P = 0.039) in ACEI/ARB-treated subjects with high TMPRSS2 protein levels most evident in ACEI/ARB-treated older adults and smokers. Conclusions. We conclude that ACEI/ARB treatment influences human lung ACE2 and TMPRSS2 but this effect depends on the age and smoking habits of the subject.
A Rare Metastatic Site for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Thyroidal Metastasis
Authors: Karakaya Fatih , Bektas Mehmet 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma into the thyroid gland is a rare occurrence.CaseA 43 years old female patient presented herself at the emergency department with abdominal pain and recurrent and migratory deep venous thrombosis. The abdominal computed tomography revealed intraabdominal multiple lymphadenopathy of different sizes and there was not seen ant lesion in the pancreas. CA 19.9 level was found very high (> 2016 u/ml ; reference 0–35).EUS was performed with linear echoendoscope and 30 × 28 mm solid lesion was identified in the head of pancreas. EUS-FNA was done and cytppathology resut was reported adenocarcinoma. The complaint of the patient was pain infront of the neck after the admission of the hospital.On the physical examination we detected tenderness and stiffness on the thyroid gland. The different sizes of multiple nodular formations were reported by thysoid US. A subsequent PET/CT scan was performed and it revealed hypodense pathological uptake on the thyroid gland.A ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed and cytopahological result reported metastasis.ConclusionNewly developed goiter symptoms or thyroid nodules in patients with an underlying malignancy should be assessed and investigated in details. Metastasis should be ruled out by a fine needle biopsy.
Changes in Spatial Distribution of Bryophytes under CMIP6 Future Projections on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wen Amin , Wu Tonghua , Zhu Xiaofan , Li Ren , Wu Xiaodong , Chen Jie , Qiao Yongping , Ni Jie , Ma Wensi , Li Xiangfei , Shang Chenpeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Bryophytes play important roles in ecosystem due to their extensive geographical coverage on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). While there are few studies attributing the potential distribution and landscape changes on the QTP in response to climate change. Based on climate data averaged of nine global climate models (GCMs) for shared socio-economic pathways SSP2-4.5 under current (the years 1970–2000) and future climate scenarios (the years 2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2080, 2081–2100), and other environmental variables, this study has applied the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to assess the potential impact of climate change on the distribution of Bryophytes on the QTP. The key environmental factors which determined Bryophytes’s habitats and range shifts were also examined. The results showed that Bryophytes occupied about 9.12 × 105 km2 (35.43% of total QTP) at present, mainly accumulating in non-permafrost regions of southeast (SE) QTP. Niche suitability of the Bryophytes was dominated by soil moisture, ultraviolet-B radiation seasonality, temperature seasonality and precipitation of the coldest quarter. The occupied habitats of Bryophytes under future climate scenarios generally increased migrating towards Midwest and relatively higher elevation regions of QTP, where dedicated overall surface air warming and moistening, solar dimming. Additionally, the confusion matrix showed that most parts of the gained occupied habitats under future climate scenarios were low suitable habitats, and small parts for high suitable habitats, however reduced for the medium suitable habitats.
Exponential Negation of a Probability Distribution
Authors: Wu Qinyuan , Deng Yong , Xiong Neal 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Negation operation is important in intelligent information processing. Different with existing arithmetic negation, an exponential negation is presented in this paper. The new negation can be seen as a kind of geometry negation. Some basic properties of the proposed negation are investigated, we find that the fix point is the uniform probability distribution. The proposed exponential negation is an entropy increase operation and all the probability distributions will converge to the uniform distribution after multiple negation iterations. The convergence speed of the proposed negation is also faster than the existed negation. The number of iterations of convergence is inversely proportional to the number of elements in the distribution. Some numerical examples are used to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed negation.
Meta-analysis using a Lehmann classifier of obligate seeding species germination in fire-prone Mediterranean Type environments
Authors: Troumbis Andreas Y 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The generalization that specific seed traits such as dormancy, longevity, or heat-triggered germination of plant species expanding in pyrogenic environments where stochastically but recurrently fire disturbance occurs is a fitness increasing adaptation of obligate seeders dates from the early 20th century. During the last few decades, this hypothesis, qualified as a pyrophytic strategy, is re-evaluated under the lenses of conservation biology and climate change research. The validity of pyrophytism as an equilibrium response to fire vs. the interpretation that the obligate seeding strategy is instead an opportunistic or generalist response to the multitude of abiotic and biotic factors determining the variability and heterogeneity of fire-prone environments such as the Mediterranean Type Ecosystems is indirectly examined and narratively promoted in the renewed fire ecology literature. In this paper, I suggest a need for a typified meta-analysis of the abundant but disparate wealth of research protocols and data to achieve a quantitatively strict understanding of the limits of the contrasting hypotheses. I develop a meta-analytic classifier and test its feasibility and applicability across taxonomic, biologic, and ecological levels of organization, i.e., from the intra-population or inter-individual local level progressively to inter-genus and intra-family levels, across the Mediterranean Basin. Cistaceae species, emblems of the Mediterranean shrublands, are the model for this research. The results of this exercise support the feasibility and flexibility of the Lehmann-type classifier developed. Although Cistus species do respond positively to heat-shocks at the local level, significant variability is uncovered among higher taxa levels and furthermost as the environmental variability increases. The germination variability complicates generalizations when climatic variability and change come into play, questioning long-standing ‘certitudes’ and Mediterranean forest managers and conservation planners' practices.
Differential Expression of Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside Biosynthesis Genes and Accumulation of Related Metabolites in Different Organs of Astragalus membranaceus Bge.var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao Under Drought Stress
Authors: Chen Yinghui , Li Bingzhen , Jia Xin , Sun Shuying , Su Youla , Chen Guilin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that accumulate in most plants. Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside (CG), as a flavonoid, plays an important role in the abiotic stress response of Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao (A. mongholicus). CG is also an active ingredient in A. mongholicus with high medicinal value. However, the response mechanism of CG biosynthetic pathway to drought stress is not clear. In this research, drought stress was inflicted upon annual potted A. mongholicus for 15 days and the variations in flavonoid metabolites and the correlating gene expression in CG biosynthesis were studied in roots, stems and leaves of A. mongholicus by UHPLC-MRM-MS/MS and qRT-PCR. Drought stress reduced the dry weight and increased the content of MDA and Proline. Drought promoted the accumulation of most compounds in the CG synthetic pathway of A. mongholicus, which decreased after rewatering. AmI3’H is highly expressed in the roots under drought stress. Overexpression of AmIOMT was observed in the leaves, but the content of formononetin which is the product of IOMT catalysis was higher in stems than in leaves. This research aims to further understand the acclimation of plant to abiotic stress and the regulation mechanism of flavonoid accumulation in astragalus species.
Streptomyces Blattellae, A Novel Actinomycete Isolated From the in Vivo of an Blattella Germanica.
Authors: Liu Gui-Min , Yuan Lin-lin , Zhang Li-li , Zeng Hong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
During a screening for novel and useful actinobacteria in desert animal, a new actinomycete was isolated and designated strain TRM63209T. The strain was isolated from in vivo of a Blattella germanica in Tarim University in Alar City, Xinjiang, north-west China. The strain was found to exhibit an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by Candida albicans American type culture collection (ATCC) 18804. That it belongs to the genus Streptomyces. The strain was observed to form abundant aerial mycelium, occasionally twisted and which differentiated into spiral spore chains. Spores of TRM63209T were observed to be oval-shaped, with a smooth surface. Strain TRM63209T was found to grow optimally at 28℃, pH 8 and in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl. The whole-cell sugars of strain TRM63209T were rhamnose ribose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose, and the principal polarlipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol(DPG), Phos-phatidylethanolamine(PE), phosphatidylcholine(PC), phosphatidylinositol mannoside(PIM), phosphatidylinositol(PI) and an unknown phospholipid(L). The diagnostic cell wall amino acid was identified as LL-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was found to be MK-9(H6), MK-9(H2), MK-9(H8), MK-10(H2). The major cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C16:0, 16:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C15:0 and Sum In Feature 3. Analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence showed that strain TRM63209T exhibits high sequence similarity to Streptomyces bungoensis strain DSM 41781T 98.20%. A multi-locus sequence analysis of five house-keeping genes (atpD, gyrB, rpoB, recA and trpB) also illustrated that strain TRM63209T should be assigned to the genus Streptomyces. The DNA G + C content of the strain was determined to be 70.2 mol%. The average nucleotide identity relatedness between strain TRM63209T and the phylogeny vertically related Streptomyces bungoensis DSM 41781T, Streptomyces phyllanthi PA1-07T, Streptomyces longwoodensis DSM 41677T and Streptomyces caeruleatus NRRL B-24802T was respectively found to be 82.76 %, 82.54%, 82.65%, 84.02%. And the in sico DNA-DNA hybridization value to respectively be 26.30%, 25.10%, 26.20%, 29.50%. Therefore, it is concluded that strain TRM63209T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces blattellae is proposed. The type strain is TRM63209T (CCTCC AA 2018093T = LMG 31403= TRM63209T ).
The direct and indirect impact of COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child health services in Africa: a scoping review
Authors: Adu Prince , Stallwood Lisa , Adebola Stephen O. , Abah Theresa , Okpani Arnold Ikedichi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
IntroductionThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to disrupt the availability and utilization of routine and emergency health care services, with differing impacts in jurisdictions across the world. In this scoping review, we set out to synthesize documentation of the direct and indirect effect of the pandemic, and national responses to it, on maternal and child health (MNCH) in Africa.MethodsA scoping review was conducted to provide an overview of the most significant impacts identified up to February 2021. Our search included peer reviewed literature, working papers and news articles with the intent to capture evolving and novel updates on the topic. Narrative descriptions were written about thematic areas for which the authors extracted the most evidence.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-five articles were identified through our literature search and 17 were deemed appropriate for analysis. We identified three overarching themes: delayed care, disruption in service provision and utilization and mitigation strategies or recommendation.DiscussionAvailable literature suggests widespread service cutbacks amid a mosaic of mitigation strategies. Our results show that minor consideration was given to preserving health service access for mothers and children, especially in historically underserved areas. Lack of emergency preparedness and infrastructural constraints prevented useful approaches such as telemedicine from being meaningfully utilized.ConclusionsOur scoping review shows that limited research has been published on this topic. Reviewed literature illuminates the continuing need and prioritization for maternity services, immunization, and reproductive health services, which have not been prioritized during the pandemic, yet are necessary to shield the continent’s most vulnerable population segments from the shocks of current and future global health emergencies.
Application of the response surface methodology for the evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus inhibition with Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Olivares-Ramírez M.A. , López-Zamora Leticia , Peña-Juárez M.J. , Gutiérrez-Castañeda E.J. , Gonzalez-Calderon J.A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The present work shows the implementation of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), fed by an experimental Central Composite Design (CCD) to find the conditions that allow maximizing the inhibition of the microorganism Staphylococcus aureus with nanoparticles of TiO2 silanized with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and doped with Ag. In addition, Poly(lactic) acid composites were prepared with these Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles with the aim to confer their antimicrobial effect. The independent variables considered were pH, AgNO3/TiO2 ratio (% w/w), and TiO2 nanoparticles concentration (g/250 mL), and as the variable of response, the length of the diameter of the halo or zone of inhibition presented by the microorganism (mm). Statistical analysis found that maximization of S. aureus inhibition occurs at intermediate levels with a value of 10 for pH and 5 g of TiO2 solids, while for the concentration of AgNO3 high levels are required, greater than 10% w/w. Likewise, the statistical significance was determined using the Student's t-test and the p-value; it was found that the significant effect corresponds to the concentration of AgNO3, so a second experimental CCD design equirradial with two factors was considered, estimating AgNO3 concentration and TiO2 amount, the pH at constant 10 value. The second experimental design indicated that maximization in S. aureus inhibition occurs at an AgNO3 concentration between 20-25% w/w with high amounts of TiO2 solids (7-8 g), with a resulting zone of inhibition between 26-28 mm. The quadratic model obtained, which represents the relationship between the length of the zone of inhibition with the variables considered, shows an adjustment of experimental data with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.82.
Dopamine D3 Receptor Ligand Suppresses the Expression of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Nonhuman Primate Model of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Oh Thomas , Daadi Elyas , Kim Jeffrey , Daadi Etienne , Chen Peng-Jen , Choudhury Gourav , Bohmann Jonathan , Blass Benjamin , Daadi Marcel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex multisystem, chronic and so far incurable disease with significant unmet medical needs. The incidence of PD increases with aging and the expected burden will continue to escalate with our aging population. Since its discovery in the 1961 levodopa remains the gold standard pharmacotherapy for PD. However, the progressive nature of the neurodegenerative process in and beyond the nigrostriatal system causes a multitude of side effects, including levodopa-induced dyskinesia within 5 years of therapy. Attenuating dyskinesia has been a significant challenge in the clinical management of PD. We report on a small molecule that eliminates the expression of levodopa-induced dyskinesia and significantly improves PD-like symptoms. The lead compound PD13R we discovered is a dopamine D3 receptor partial agonist with high affinity and selectivity, orally active and with desirable drug-like properties. Future studies are aimed at developing this lead compound for treating PD patients with dyskinesia.
Spatiotemporal Trends of Temperature Extremes in Bangladesh Under Changing Climate Using Multi-statistical Techniques
Authors: Mallick Javed , I Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul , Ghose Bonosri , Islam H.M. Touhidul , Rana Yousuf , Hu Zhenghua , Bhat Shakeel Ahmed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The rise in the frequency and magnitude of extreme temperature phenomena across the globe has led to the recurrent incidence of global climate hazards, which have had severe effects on socioeconomic development. The daily maximum and minimum temperature datasets of 27 sites in Bangladesh were used to detect spatiotemporal trends of temperature extreme over Bangladesh during 1980-2017 based on ten temperature extreme indices using multi-statistical modeling namely linear regression, Pearson correlation coefficient and factor analyses. Besides, mutation analyses based on the Mann-Kendall test, Sen’s slope estimator and Pettit test were employed to show the changing trend in extreme temperature. Results show that except for warmest days, the warm indices showed an increasing trend, mainly since the 2000s, while the growth rate was faster, and the response to global climate warming was sensitive. The cold indices demonstrated a reverse trend since the 2010s. Diurnal temperature range (DTR) and summer days (SU) increased faster, implying that the rising speed of daily max temperature was higher than of daily min-temperature in Bangladesh. The detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) revealed a continuous increase in temperature extreme in the future except for cold days. The probability distribution functions (PDF) analysis revealed an evident variation of the curves in recent decades compared to the past three decades. Besides the warm night, DTR and SU primarily control the general warming trend of temperature extremes over Bangladesh during the study period. The mutation of the warm indices occurred before the cold index, indicating that the warm indices were more sensitive to global climate warming. The temperature extremes recognized in our research suggest that elevated warm temperature extremes due to global climate warming may have huge implications on the sustainable development of Bangladesh in the forthcoming period.