bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in the Management of Cancer-Associated Thrombosis
Authors: Dhami Sukhraj Pal Singh , Patmore Sean , O'Sullivan Jamie M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe association between cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been established for more than 150 years. Nevertheless, cancer-associated thrombosis still remains a major clinical challenge and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality for patients with cancer. The clinical presentation of cancer-associated thrombosis can be distinct from that of a patient without an underlying malignancy. Moreover, specific cancer types, including pancreatic cancer and hematological malignancies, as well as advanced stage disease can confer a significant thrombotic risk. This risk is further augmented by specific anticancer treatment modalities. The pathophysiology of cancer-associated thrombosis is complex and multifactorial. However, understanding the biological mechanisms underpinning VTE risk may provide insight into novel targeted prophylaxis in cancer patients. Over the last decade, low-molecular-weight heparin has been the preferred anticoagulant agent for patients with cancer-associated thrombosis due to improved efficacy compared with vitamin K antagonists. However, the advent of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has added to the repertoire of ammunition now at the disposal of clinicians to aid in the management of cancer-associated thrombosis. Several randomized controlled trials have now been published, demonstrating DOAC as a noninferior alternative for both the treatment and prevention of cancer-associated thrombosis. Notwithstanding this, limitations for their widespread use remain, with the potential for increased bleeding risk, drug interactions, and poor DOAC metabolism. This review discusses the evidence base for the incidence and risk factors associated with VTE in cancer, development, and refinement of risk prediction models and novel advances in the therapeutic management of cancer-associated thrombosis.
Leadership Development in Ophthalmology: Current Impact and Future Needs
Authors: Berkowitz Sean T. , Law Janice C. , Sternberg Paul , Patel Shriji 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Importance There is a lack of peer-reviewed literature on leadership development programs (LDP) in ophthalmology. Research into LDP demographics, outcomes, and methodology is needed.
Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate the extent to which LDPs targeting ophthalmologists meet the needs of emerging leaders.
Design The design type of the study is cross-sectional analysis.
Setting This study involves international setting.
Participants The participants involved were ophthalmologists at any career level.
Methods Routine internet search was used to identify LDPs targeting ophthalmologists. LDPs identified were categorized by the outcome data available into four levels based on prior literature. Participants were assessed using previously validated software for gender (Gender-API, 2020) and race or ethnicity (NamSor, 2020)
Results Nine programs were identified which were classified into LDP generations. The first LDP in ophthalmology was the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) LDP, which served as the nidus for the formation of four multinational LDPs, together forming the Global LDP. These LDPs were similar in size and scope; program size ranging from nine to 30 participants; a length of 1 to 2 years; with similar curricular offerings; with funding primarily derived from cost-sharing with a nominating society. The second generation of ophthalmology LDPs in the United States has targeted female scientists or faculty (Women's LDP by ARVO) and academic ophthalmology leaders (Academic LDP by Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology).The AAO's LDP appears increasingly diverse with approximately 13% women at inception, gradually increasing from 40 to 65% women in the last 5 years (n = 389). There has also been a notable increase in ethnic diversity.
Conclusion and Relevance AAO LDP is the preeminent leadership training program for ophthalmologists, and it has influenced the creation of a new generation of LDP offerings. There remains a paucity of LDP evaluation metrics and reported outcomes. Newer iterations are successfully targeting academic leadership and attempting to address known disparities in gender and race or ethnicity. Further expansion of LDPs and related research can ensure equity and diversity in the pipeline.
Optimization of the Soft Tissue Envelope of the Nose in Rhinoplasty Utilizing Fat Transfer Combined with Platelet-Rich Fibrin
Authors: Kovacevic Milos , Kosins Aaron M. , Göksel Abdülkadir , Riedel Frank , Bran Gregor , Veit Johannes A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA thin or damaged skin soft tissue envelope may cause concerns in primary and secondary rhinoplasty. During postoperative healing, unpredictable scarring and contraction may occur and lead to significant aesthetic and trophic sequelae. Besides a meticulous surgical technique, there are no reliable techniques to prevent long-term skin damage and shrinkage. Fat transfer with addition of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) harbors the possibility of local soft tissue regeneration and skin rejuvenation through growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells. It may also facilitate the creation of a thin fat layer on the dorsum to prevent shrink-wrap forces and conceal small irregularities. The goal is to provide evidence for the feasibility, durability, and beneficial effect of diced macrofat transfer bonded with PRF on the nasal dorsum. We present the technique of fat transfer conjugated with PRF as a nasal dorsal graft. Clinical endpoints were the prevention of trophic disturbances and atrophy at a 1-year postoperative follow-up. We present the skin mobility test as a clinical indicator of a healthy soft tissue envelope. The presented case series consists of 107 rhinoplasties. Fat was harvested in the umbilical or costal region. PRF was created by centrifugation of autologous whole blood samples. Macrofat was diced, cleaned, and bonded with PRF. The compound transplants were transferred to the nasal dorsum. There were no perioperative complications or wound-healing issues. Mean follow-up was 14 months. Clinical inspection showed good skin quality and no signs of shrinkage, marked scarring, or color changes with positive skin mobility test in all patients. Survival of fat was confirmed by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Diced macrofat transfer in conjunction with PRF to the nasal dorsum is a feasible and safe method. A beneficial effect on the soft tissue envelope is demonstrated as well as the prevention of shrink-wrap forces.
Current Challenges in the Peripartum Management of Women with von Willebrand Disease
Authors: Byrne Bridgette , Ryan Kevin , Lavin Michelle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor many women, pregnancy and childbirth represent their first major hemostatic challenges. Despite advancements in obstetric care, up to 2 to 5% of all deliveries are complicated by postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). To mitigate bleeding risk, physiological changes occur in pregnancy, including increases in plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII levels. For women with von Willebrand disease (VWD), these physiological alterations are blunted or absent. As a result, women with VWD have a heightened risk of PPH, both primary (in the first 24 hours) and secondary (>24 hours to 6 to 12 weeks postpartum). Pregnancy and delivery management for women with VWD should therefore be carefully coordinated as part of a multidisciplinary team approach. In the absence of large-scale clinical trials, the management of women with VWD during pregnancy is guided by expert consensus guidelines. Clinical practices internationally are not uniform, and areas of considerable clinical uncertainty exist. Traditional peripartum plasma VWF thresholds for hemostatic cover and therapeutic targets are currently under scrutiny, as PPH is not eliminated in women with VWD who receive replacement therapy. The benefit and optimal duration of postpartum tranexamic acid have yet to be defined, and standardized methods of quantification of blood loss at the time of delivery are currently lacking. In this article, we review the evidence base to date and explore the current clinical challenges in the management of pregnant women with VWD.
The Effect of Joint Line Elevation on In Vivo Knee Kinematics in Bicruciate Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Klemt Christian , Padmanabha Anand , Tirumala Venkatsaiakhil , Smith Evan J. , Kwon Young-Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrior studies have reported a negative effect on both clinical outcomes and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) following joint line elevation (JLE) in cruciate-retaining (CR) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and posterior stabilized (PS) TKA designs. This experimental study was aimed to quantify the effect of JLE on in vivo knee kinematics in patients with bicruciate retaining (BCR) TKA during strenuous activities. Thirty unilateral BCR TKA patients were evaluated during single-leg deep lunge and sit-to-stand using a validated combined computer tomography and dual fluoroscopic imaging system. Correlation analysis was performed to quantify any correlations between JLE and in vivo kinematics, as well as PROMS. There was a significant negative correlation between JLE and maximum flexion angle during single-leg deep lunge (ρ = −0.34, p = 0.02), maximum varus joint angles during single-leg deep lunge (ρ = −0.37, p = 0.04), and sit-to-stand (ρ = −0.29, p = 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between JLE and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score (ρ = −0.39, p = 0.01) and knee disability and osteoarthritis outcome score physical function (KOOS-PS; ρ = −0.33, p = 0.03). The JLE that yields a significant loss in PROMS and maximum flexion angles were 2.6 and 2.3 mm, respectively. There was a linear negative correlation of JLE with both in vivo knee kinematics and PROMS, with changes in JLE of greater than 2.6 and 2.3 mm, leading to a clinically significant loss in PROMS and maximum flexion angles, respectively, suggesting an increased need to improve surgical precision to optimize patient outcomes following BCR TKA.
Outcomes of Femtosecond Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery Performed by Resident and Attending Surgeons
Authors: Cleland Spencer C. , Knoch Daniel W. , Larson Jennifer C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective The study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of resident surgeons performing femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS).
Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted at the University of Wisconsin-Madison from postgraduate year four residents performing FLACS between 2017 and 2019. Data were also collected from residents performing manual cataract surgery, and attending surgeons performing FLACS for comparison. Recorded data included patient demographics, pre- and postoperative visual acuity, pre- and postoperative spherical equivalent, nuclear sclerotic cataract grade, ocular and systemic comorbidities, intraocular lens, duration of surgery, cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), and intraoperative and postoperative complications.
Results A total of 90 cases were reviewed with 30 resident manual cases, 30 resident FLACS cases, and 30 attending FLACS cases. Resident manual (25.5 ± 6.8 minutes) and resident FLACS (17.5 ± 7.1 minutes) cases took a significantly longer time to complete compared with attending FLACS cases (13.6 ± 4.4 minutes; p < 0.001). There was higher CDE in resident FLACS and resident manual cases compared with attending FLACS cases, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.06). Postoperative visual acuity was not statistically different at 1-day and 1-month after surgery among the three groups. Resident FLACS complications, which included one case requiring an intraoperative suture to close the wound, two cases with intraoperative corneal abrasions, two cases with postoperative ocular hypertension, and one case with cystoid macular edema, were not significantly greater than attending FLACS complications (p = 0.30).
Conclusion The FLACS performed by resident surgeons had comparable visual acuity outcomes to FLACS performed by attending surgeons, and to manual cataract surgery performed by resident surgeons. However, resident FLACS cases took significantly longer time to complete, and they were associated with a higher CDE and minor complication rate compared with attending FLACS cases. Introducing advanced technologies into surgical training curricula improves resident preparedness for independent practice, and this study suggests FLACS can be incorporated safely and effectively into resident education.
On the tensor rank of multiplication in finite extensions of finite fields and related issues in algebraic geometry
Authors: Ballet S. , Pieltant J. , Rambaud M. , Randriambololona H. , Rolland R. , Chaumine J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we give a survey of the known results concerning the tensor rank of multiplication in finite extensions of finite fields, enriched with some unpublished recent results, and we analyze these to enhance the qualitative understanding of the research area. In particular, we identify and clarify certain partially proved results and emphasise links with open problems in number theory, algebraic geometry, and coding theory.
Bibliography: 92 titles.
Newton polytopes and tropical geometry
Authors: Kazarnovskii B. Ya. , Khovanskii A. G. , Esterov A. I. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The practice of bringing together the concepts of ‘Newton polytopes’, ‘toric varieties’, ‘tropical geometry’, and ‘Gröbner bases’ has led to the formation of stable and mutually beneficial connections between algebraic geometry and convex geometry. This survey is devoted to the current state of the area of mathematics that describes the interaction and applications of these concepts.
Bibliography: 68 titles.
Physical activity, screen time and the COVID‐19 school closures in Europe – An observational study in 10 countries
Authors: Kovacs Viktoria A. , Starc Gregor , Brandes Mirko , Kaj Monika , Blagus Rok , Leskošek Bojan , Suesse Thomas , Dinya Elek , Guinhouya Benjamin C. , Zito Viviana , Rocha Paulo M. , Gonzalez Benito Perez , Kontsevaya Anna , Brzezinski Michal , Bidiugan Radu , Kiraly Anita , Csányi Tamás , Okely Anthony D. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTTo date, few data on how the COVID‐19 pandemic and restrictions affected children's physical activity in Europe have been published. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of physical activity and screen time from a large sample of European children during the COVID‐19 pandemic to inform strategies and provide adequate mitigation measures. An online survey was conducted using convenience sampling from 15 May to 22 June, 2020. Parents were eligible if they resided in one of the survey countries and their children aged 6–18 years. 8395 children were included (median age [IQR], 13 [10–15] years; 47% boys; 57.6% urban residents; 15.5% in self‐isolation). Approximately two‐thirds followed structured routines (66.4% [95%CI, 65.4–67.4]), and more than half were active during online P.E. (56.6% [95%CI, 55.5–57.6]). 19.0% (95%CI, 18.2–19.9) met the WHO Global physical activity recommendation. Total screen time in excess of 2 h/day was highly prevalent (weekdays: 69.5% [95%CI, 68.5–70.5]; weekend: 63.8% [95%CI, 62.7–64.8]). Playing outdoors more than 2 h/day, following a daily routine and being active in online P.E. increased the odds of healthy levels of physical activity and screen time, particularly in mildly affected countries. In severely affected countries, online P.E. contributed most to meet screen time recommendation, whereas outdoor play was most important for adequate physical activity. Promoting safe and responsible outdoor activities, safeguarding P.E. lessons during distance learning and setting pre‐planned, consistent daily routines are important in helping children maintain healthy active lifestyle in pandemic situation. These factors should be prioritised by policymakers, schools and parents.

Highlights
To our knowledge, our data provide the first multi‐national estimates on physical activity and total screen time in European children roughly two months after COVID‐19 was declared a global pandemic.
Only 1 in 5 children met the WHO Global physical activity recommendations.
Under pandemic conditions, parents should set pre‐planned, consistent daily routines and integrate at least 2‐hours outdoor activities into the daily schedule, preferable on each day. Schools should make P.E. lessons a priority. Decision makers should mandate online P.E. be delivered by schools during distance learning. Closing outdoor facilities for PA should be considered only as the last resort during lockdowns.
Uneven clustering routing protocol based on ant colony algorithm for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Zhang Wenmei , Liao Fubao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For the energy of the wireless sensor network node is limited, an uneven clustering routing protocol is proposed for wireless sensor networks. In the protocol, cluster head election uses a competitive manner, and all nodes in the first round participate in the election. The cluster head election considers the remaining energy, the number of neighboring nodes, and the distance between node and sink. The path search from the cluster head to the base station runs the ant colony algorithm to find the optimal multi-hop route. Each round no longer clusters, and re-clustering and routing will update only when the remaining energy of the cluster head is less than the predicted energy. The protocol enables its routing establishment and maintenance more self-adaptive and dynamic. The simulation shows that the routing protocol can efficiently reduce and balance the energy consumption, and prolong the wireless sensor network survival period.
Study on AO classification of distal radius fractures based on multi-feature fusion
Authors: Yang Feng , Cong Rikun , Xing Mengmeng , Ding Bo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Accurate classification of distal radius fracture is of great significance for improving the accuracy and success rate of subsequent bone-setting techniques. Based on the existing clinical distal radius fracture cases of the research group, this paper proposes an AO classification method based on distal radius fracture images based on multi-feature fusion for the problems of poor single feature expression and low accuracy of fracture classification by traditional classifiers and deep learning models. The fusion model uses two traditional features and the depth features extracted by AlexNet. After reducing the dimensions of the above features, a special neural network is designed to effectively fuse the reduced feature vectors. Finally, use the image retrieval classification scheme DML-K proposed in this paper to realize the specific classification of DRF images with the fused feature vectors. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the diagnostic model proposed in this paper on the distal radius fracture data set reaches 83.4%, and the F1 value reaches 0.815. Through horizontal and vertical comparison with other algorithms, the accuracy of the DRF diagnosis model proposed in this paper is increased by 5%, and the F1 value is increased by about 0.2, which fully verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the method proposed in this study, and is expected to be applied Machine-aided diagnosis of distal radius fracture.
Application of big data collection-analysis-visualization in the teaching process of colleges and universities under the background of the epidemic
Authors: Zhang Jin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the advent of the era of big data, new vision and broad ideas have been provided for college teaching. Using big data-related knowledge to study the teaching system of universities can not only promote the implementation of big data teaching in universities, but also effectively improve the quality of university teaching. This article discusses the technology related to the teaching big data cloud platform. This article introduces the role and application of the association rule algorithm in the process of big data mining, and according to the actual situation, studies the use of this algorithm in the process of big data mining in colleges and universities. In order to further reflect the advantages of its algorithm, it is compared with other algorithms, which proves that the algorithm in this paper has higher execution efficiency and accuracy.
Hydrotreating of Sunan Candlenut Oil using NiMo/ɣ-Al2O3 Catalyst for Renewable Diesel Production
Authors: Siregar A R , Putri D N , Perdani M S , Utami T S , Sahlan M , Hermansyah H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Catalytic hydrotreating process based on NiMo/ɣ-Al2O3 has been conducted in this study using Sunan candlenut oil as the feedstock, in order to obtain renewable diesel products as well as conventional diesel. Hydrotreating process was performed with the variation of several operating conditions including pressure, temperature and weight ratio of catalyst to vegetable oils. Products obtained were then analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and tested to obtain physical and chemical properties. Based on GC results, it was showed that the increase in operating pressure and temperature also increase the yield of hydrocarbon products in the range of diesel, with the highest yield of 30.95% at a pressure of 60 bar and temperature of 400°C. The conversion and selectivity were 33.48% and 95.72%, respectively, where the reaction route tends to the decarbonylation mechanism. However, changes in the weight ratio of catalyst to the vegetable oil did not affect the overall product yield. Analysis of physical and chemical properties of the product prior to distillation showed a decrease in the value of density, viscosity, iodine numbers and acid numbers are quite significant and closer specification commercial diesel oil.
Feasibility Study of City Gas Distribution Network in Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta
Authors: Putri L N , Saputra A H , Bawono A N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Kelapa Gading is one of the densely populated areas in DKI Jakarta with population density of 16,122 people/km2 that tends to increase every year. With increasing of population, the energy needs are likely to increase to meet household and commercial needs, such as restaurants. One of the alternative energies that can be used for daily needs is besides LPG is natural gas. Compared to LPG, natural gas is more afforadable, has abundant availability, and is environmentally friendly. The gas needed for the area is 4,326,856 m3/year with a route of 41,122.25 m using a combination of MDPE SDR 11 pipe and API 5L Grade B pipe. The capital expenditure is calculated to be IDR 70,511,737,825 with operational costs of IDR 4,141,071,275/year and project lifetime of 20 years. Based on the economic analysis, this project is feasible with households’ gas selling price of IDR 7,200/m3 and commercials’ gas selling price of IDR 8,400/m3, where the calculated NPV is IDR 5,303,138,979 with 12,29% of IRR and payback period time of 7 years.