bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Seven Mycoplasma Species of Cattle Origin
Authors: Lai Jyhmirn , Lin Hengching , Hsu Peichuan , Gondaira Satoshi , Higuchi Hidetoshi , Nagahata Hajime 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a pair of primers for detecting ruminant mycoplasma pathogens. We designed a set of primers based on the most similar sequences within 16sRNA regions of seven Mycoplasma spp. These primers have high sensitivity for detecting Mycoplasma dispar, M. arginine, M. canadense, M. bovis, M. alkalescens, M. californicum, and M. bovisgenitalium within the annealing temperature range of 46°C to 48°C. The minimum amount of DNA that can be detected using the protocol is 250 ng, which is equivalent to 2,000 cfu/mL. The primers can detect mycoplasma from DNA extracted directly from milk samples. The common bovine mastitis pathogens of Staphylococcus aureus coagulase-negative staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus uberis, Klebiella pneumonia, Korucia rosea, and Acholeplasma spp. were not detected by the primers. We believe the high sensitivity and specificity of these primers make them useful for detecting infection with seven Mycoplasma species in ruminants, allowing the primers to be used in clinical settings.
Stabilisation of HIF signalling in the epicardium extends embryonic potential and neonatal heart regeneration
Authors: Gamen Elisabetta , Price Eleonor , Pezzolla Daniela , De Villiers Carla , Gunadasa-Rohling Mala , Salama Rafik , Mole David , Bishop Tammie , Pugh Chris , Choudhury Robin , Carr Carolyn , Vieira Joaquim , Riley Paul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In humans, new-born infants have the ability to regenerate their heart during early life. This is modelled in the mouse, where regenerative capacity is maintained for the first week after birth but lost thereafter. Reactivation of this process holds great therapeutic potential, however, the molecular pathways that might be targeted to extend neonatal regeneration remain elusive. Here, we explore a role for hypoxia and HIF signalling on the regulation of epicardial activity which is essential for heart development and the response to injury. Hypoxic regions were found in the epicardium from mid-gestation, associating with HIF1α and HIF2α, and expression of the epicardial master regulator Wilms’ tumour 1 (WT1). Epicardial deletion of Hif1a reduced WT1 levels, leading to impaired coronary vasculature. Moreover, targeting of the HIF degradation enzyme PHD through pharmacological inhibition with clinically approved drugs or epicardial-specific deletion stabilised HIF and promoted WT1 activity ex vivo. A combination of genetic and pharmacological stabilisation of HIF during neonatal heart injury led to prolonged epicardial activation, increased vascularisation, augmented infarct resolution and preserved function beyond the 7-day regenerative window. Together, these findings suggest pharmacological modulation of HIF signalling may represent a viable therapeutic strategy for treating ischaemic heart disease.
Living habits affecting subsequent gastrointestinal cancer surgery: An interpretative phenomenological interview study
Authors: Blomquist Karin , Wennerholm Carina , Berterö Carina , Sandström Per , Björnsson Bergthor , Drott Jenny 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose

There is limited in-depth understanding of patients’ views and experiences with physical training, nutritional care, psychological support, and smoking/alcohol cessation prior to gastrointestinal cancer surgery. Therefore, patients' thoughts and influences regarding prehabilitation components are of interest in the effort to provide optimal supportive cancer care and to improve health. The aim of this study was to explore patients’ thoughts, lived experiences and influences regarding their living habits prior to gastrointestinal cancer surgery.
Methods

The participants in this qualitative study were recruited from a university hospital in southeast Sweden. In total, six in-depth digital interviews were held from November 2020 to March 2021. An interpretative phenomenological analysis approach was used throughout the research process.
Results

The interpretative analysis identified three themes: the influence of the cancer diagnosis on awareness and motivation, life circumstances affecting living habits and activities bringing mental strength. The main findings deepen the current understanding of the situation that patients face when committing to presurgical preparation plans. The participants expressed the impact of their motivation level and circumstances in life. Physical and mental health was promoted by various types of activities and support.
Conclusion

Motivation level and circumstances in life both influence living habits. Patients’ physical and mental health is promoted by various types of activities and support. Health care professionals need to investigate patients’ lived experiences when developing person-centred support to achieve health-promoting behaviour prior to cancer surgery.
The Role of The Medial Buttress Plate In The Treatment of Pauwels Type Ⅱ And Ⅲ Femoral Neck Fracture: A Retrospective Study And Preliminary Results
Authors: Ma Chao , Liu Yanshi , Liu Jialin , Chen Li , Huang Jinyong , Luo Xuefeng , Xie Zengru 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of multiple cannulated screws combined with medial buttress plate or not for the treatment of unstable femoral neck fracture.Methods: 69 nonelderly patients with Garden type III-IV femoral neck fracture were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into MCS (multiple cannulated screws) group and CMBP (combined with medial buttress plate) group according to the surgical method. Patient’s demographic data, Harris Hip Score, EQ-5D index and complications at minimum of 2 years follow-up were analyzed.Results: There were 47 patients in the MCS group (35 male and 12 females) with a mean age of 40.28±12.64 years, whereas 22 patients in the CMBP group (17 male and 5 females) with a mean age of 43.86±12.55 years. In the MCS group, there were one avascular necrosis, five postoperative nonunion, five implant failure, and two femoral neck shortening. While one implant failure, two postoperative nonunion and two impingement in the CMBP group. The difference of HHS scores was statistically significant at 3 months after surgery between the two groups (P<0.05), whereas there was no statistical significance at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years (P>0.05). The same results were found in EQ-5D index.Conclusions: Anatomic reduction and stable fixation contribute to satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of nonelderly displaced femoral neck fractures. A buttress plate in the medial region of the femur neck with cannulated screws offers patients the best biomechanical microenvironment needed for fracture healing without obviously blood-supply disruption, especially in Pauwels type Ⅱ and III.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of hospital cleaning services staff towards Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) in a Middle Eastern country: A web-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Youssef Dalal , Abass Linda Abou , Hassan Hamad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Hospital cleaners are the unsung heroes in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of hospital cleaners towards COVID-19 and to determine factors associated with good practices. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lebanon between 1st and 14th November 2020. Data was collected through an online survey that was sent to governmental-run and private hospitals. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic characteristics, clinical information, and KAP of hospital cleaners towards Covid-19. The collected data was exported to SPSS for analysis. The relation between nominal variables was tested using the chi-squared test. The variables in bivariate analysis with p-value<0.2 were entered into multivariable logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratio and their 95% confidence intervals were reported. The level of statistical significance was set at a p-value < 0.05. Results A total of 453 cleaners completed the survey of which 54.3% were females. Most of the participants had a good level of COVID-19 knowledge (98%) and good preventive practices (89.7%). Regarding attitude, 90.7% had a positive attitude toward health facilities, 78.8% towards cleaning and disinfection, and 73.5% towards health authorities. Sociodemographic characteristics including younger age, higher levels of education, working in private hospitals, and having more than 3 years of experience were positively associated with good preventive practices. Our results also showed that participants with good knowledge about COVID-19, COVID-19 prevention and treatment, cleaning and disinfection process, and COVID-19 risk factors had a higher likelihood of positive preventive practices. Finally, a positive attitude towards health facilities, health authorities, and cleaning and disinfection were positively associated with good practices. Conclusion Our results indicate that cleaners have a high level of knowledge, expressed positive attitudes towards health facilities and health authorities, and good preventive practices. Understanding the determinants of cleaning performance is critical in tailoring interventions to improve hospital cleaning.
Preparation of Cellulose-Based Fluorescent Materials as Coating Pigment by Use of DMSO/DBU/CO2 System
Authors: Cao Qinghua , Dai Jinyue , Bao Xin , Zhang Zhenyu , Liu Fei , Feng Yuhong , Na Haining , Zhu Jin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A series of cellulose-based fluorescent materials are prepared under relative mild conditions by use of the DMSO/DBU/CO2 system to utilize as coating pigments. Through the observation under 365nm UV light, the cellulose-based fluorescent materials exhibit good fluorescence response and bright color. Furthermore, due to the limitation of the molecular skeleton of cellulose, the intrinsic aggregation caused quenching phenomenon commonly existed in conventional organic fluorescent pigments can be effectively inhibited, which is very helpful to retain good fluorescence response in epoxy-based coating material and its coating films. Moreover, the addition of cellulose-based fluorescent materials also increases the mechanical properties of the coating film. The increase of tensile strength and tensile modulus respectively reaches ~39% and ~66%. Solvent resistance and thermal property of the coating films generally remain unchanged. The fabrication of cellulose-based fluorescent materials in DMSO/DBU/CO2 system provides a feasible way to develop the functional application of cellulose.
“Localism and Intimacy, and… Other Rather Imponderable Reasons of That Sort”: A Qualitative Study of Patient Experience in Community Hospitals in England
Authors: Davidson Deborah , Williams Iestyn , Glasby Jon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe community hospital sector is characterised by high levels of upheaval, variation and dispute. Debates over the value and contribution of community hospitals are hampered by a lack of empirical assessment of the experience of patients using these services. This paper presents findings from a study of patient and family experiences in community hospitals in England.MethodsWe adopted a qualitative design involving nine case study hospitals, selected to represent a range of characteristics. Case study data collected included discovery interviews with patients (n=60) and semi-structured interviews with carers (n=28). We conducted thematic analysis of interview data.ResultsThe study confirms some of the distinctive functional and technical aspects of care associated with community hospitals, including: access to services facilities and equipment; the environment and atmosphere; information sharing; continuity, and; the potential for longer lengths of stay. The study also finds high reported levels of personalised care in community hospitals. Our study suggests the importance of additional social and psychological aspects of patient experience. Social aspects included having family and friends close, and the importance of being known and maintaining social connections during periods of hospital treatment. Psychological aspects included feeling less anonymous and frightened than they would in an acute setting, especially when coming to terms with loss and change. Conclusions Although the experiences uncovered in this study were not uniformly positive, patients and carers placed a high overall value on the distinctive qualities of the care provided by community hospitals. The study suggests the need to weigh the full range of these dimensions of patient experience – including functional, relational, social and psychological – when assessing the role and contribution of community hospitals.
Ruminal and Intestinal Morphometric Parameters of Lambs Fed Diets Containing Mimosa Tenuiflora (Willd.) Hay Replacing Buffel Grass Hay
Authors: Tolentino Mikael Leandro Duarte de Lima , Tolentino Laura Honório de Oliveira , Dantas Jackson Brendo Gomes , Gonçalves Larissa Maria Feitosa , de sousa Otávio Brilhante , Filho José Morais Pereira , Araújo Marcos Jácome 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The objective in this study was to evaluate morphometric parameters of the ruminal papillae and intestinal villi of lambs fed diets containing Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) hay replacing Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) hay. Twenty-eight Santa Inês lambs with initial body weight of 20.3 ± 1.49 kg were used, being distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 333, 670 and 1000 g/kg DM). The width of the ruminal papillae was not affected (P > 0.05), while their area linearly decreased (P = 0.01) as the level of M. tenuiflora hay increased. In the duodenum, the height (P < 0.0001) and the surface (P = 0.01) of the villi linearly decreased with the increase in the level of M. tenuiflora, while the width (P = 0.0001) and the area (P = 0.03) quadratically decreased with minimum values of 132.95 and 50,625.53 µm at the levels of 436 and 575 g/kg, respectively. There was a quadratic increase in the height of the jejunum villi (P < 0.0001) with a maximum value of 623.22 µm at the level of 333 g/kg, while the width quadratically decreased with a minimum value of 143.33 µm at the level of 526 g/kg and the area linearly decreased (P = 0.02). The height of the ileum villi (P = 0.0003) as well as the depth of the crypts in all segments (P < 0.001) linearly decreased. Therefore, it is suggested the substitution of C. ciliaris hay by M. tenuiflora hay up to 333 g/kg DM.
Designing a Restriction Enzyme-free Method to Construct a MicroRNA Precursor gene for microRNA Cloning
Authors: Amandadi Mojdeh , Hashemabadi Mohammad , sasan hosseinali 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Common cloning strategies depend on the enzymatic digestion of the insert. In addition, the enzymatic digestion of PCR product ends by restriction enzymes is of low efficiency. These limitations are related to the need for enzymatic digestion to produce sticky ends in the insert sequence. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to present a new generation of pre-microRNA cloning method without using restriction enzymes for constructing pre-microRNA gene. In this strategy, by engineering an expression vector's sequence and designing two intelligent primer sets for two consecutive PCR reactions, the pre-microRNA sequence with appropriate restriction sites related to the expression vector was produced, without restriction enzymes. The recombinant expression vector was transfected into HEK293 cells, and microRNA-21 expression was assayed in these cells by real-time PCR, confirming the high efficacy of the presented cloning method. The present method can be an inexpensive and reliable method for microRNA precursor cloning by providing a high-performance protocol.
Pachychoroid Disease And Its Association With Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Keidel Leonie Franziska , Zwingelberg Sarah , Schworm Benedikt , Luft Nikolaus , Herold Tina , Priglinger Siegfried Georg , Siedlecki Jakob 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The development of a retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is multifactorial. This study investigates pachychoroid as a risk factor for RVO or as an entity sharing common pathophysiology with RVO. A database screening at the University Eye Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Germany was performed for patients diagnosed with central or branch RVO (CRVO/BRVO). In every patient a complete ophthalmologic examination was performed, including posterior segment enhanced depth spectral domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-SD-OCT). The SD-OCT scans of respective partner eyes without history of RVO were compared to an age and -refraction-matched, randomly recruited normal control group.In total, 312 eyes of 312 patients were included in this study, with 162 eyes in the RVO and 150 eyes in the control group. A significantly higher subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was found in the RVO (310.3 ± 72.5 (94 to 583) µm) as compared to the control group (237.0 ± 99.0 (62 to 498); p<0.00001). Moreover, the RVO group showed a significantly higher prevalence of a symptomatic pachychoroid (22 vs. 9 eyes; odds ratio: 2.46; 95 CI: 1.10 to 5.53; p=0.029). Since pachychoroid disease represents a bilateral entity, it might be a risk factor for RVO, or share risk factors with RVO.
Performance and Time Improvement of LT Codes-based Cloud Storage
Authors: Chakani Nastaran , Mirrezaei Seyed Masoud , Hodtani Ghosheh Abed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Outsourcing data on the cloud storage services has already attracted great attention due to prospect of rapid data growth and storing efficiencies for customers. The coding-based cloud storage approach can offer more reliable and faster solution with less storage space in comparison with replication-based cloud storage. LT codes as a famous member of rateless codes family can improve performance of storage systems utilizing good degree distributions. Since degree distribution plays key role in LT codes performance, recently introduced Poisson Robust Soliton Distribution (PRSD) and Combined Poisson Robust Soliton Distribution (CPRSD) motivate us to investigate LT codes-based cloud storage system. So, we exploit LT codes with new degree distributions in order to provide lower average degree and higher decoding efficiency, specifically when receiving fewer encoding symbols, comparing with popular degree distribution, Robust Soliton Distribution (RSD). In this paper, we show that proposed cloud storage outperforms traditional ones in terms of storage space and robustness encountering unavailability of encoding symbols, due to compatible properties of PRSD and CPRSD with cloud storage essence. Furthermore, modified decoding process based on required encoding symbols behavior is presented to reduce data retrieval time. Numerical results confirm improvement of cloud storage performance.
iCodon: ideal codon design for customized gene expression
Authors: Bazzini Ariel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) stability substantially impacts steady-state gene expression levels in a cell. mRNA stability, in turn, is strongly affected by codon composition in a translation dependent manner across species, through a mechanism termed codon optimality. We have developed iCodon (www.iCodon.org), an algorithm for customizing mRNA expression through the introduction of synonymous codon substitutions into the coding sequence. iCodon is optimized for four vertebrate transcriptomes: mouse, human, frog, and fish. Users can predict the mRNA stability of any coding sequence based on its codon composition and subsequently generate more stable (optimized) or unstable (deoptimized) variants encoding for the same protein. Further, we show that codon optimality predictions correlate with expression levels using fluorescent reporters and endogenous genes in human cells and zebrafish embryos.
Therefore, iCodon will benefit basic biological research, as well as a wide range of applications for biotechnology and biomedicine.
Developing First Microsatellites and Analysing Genetic Diversity in Six Chia Cultivars
Authors: Yue GH , Lai CC , Lee M , Wang L , Song ZJ 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.), originated in central and southern Mexico and Guatemala, is an emerging industry crop due to its high content of omega‐3 fatty acids and dietary fiber in its seeds. The seeds also have a high concentration of proteins and essential amino acids, and are becoming a promising source of bioactive peptides. Polymorphic DNA markers are essential tools to analyse genetic diversity and to accelerate genetic improvement. However, in Chia, polymorphic and codominant DNA markers are still lacking. In this study, fourteen polymorphic microsatellites were identified from DNA sequences and were characterized. The average allele number was 4.8 while the expected and observed heterozygosity was 0.24 and 0.34, respectively. The average PI was 0.50 while the combined PI was 9 ×10-6. These first 14 microsatellites in Chia are useful in genetic analysis and traceability. These 14 polymorphic microsatellites were used in analysing genetic diversity and population relationships in six cultivars originating in Mexico, Australia and Bolivia. Results showed that allelic diversity and gene diversity were low and ranged from 2.79 to 3.64 and 0.27 to 0.38, respectively. The Mexico black cultivar showed the highest allelic (3.64) and gene diversity (0.38). The six cultivars were closely related with high identity (> 0.893). Taken together, these Chia cultivars contain low genetic variation. Therefore, to initiate a breeding program for improving traits, it is essential to use seeds from multiple cultivars to enlarge genetic variation in the founder population.
Anisotropic metamaterial with the ε-near-μ property in the entire angular domain enables broadband all-angle transmissions
Authors: Lv Qihao , Jin Cheng , Zhang Binchao , Liu Shuo , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Epsilon-near-mu metamaterials play a significant role in many fields such as radar, communication, and stealth technology, due to their ideal transmission responses. However, when electromagnetic (EM) waves illuminate such metamaterials at large angles, undesired reflectance occurs that greatly restricts the applications. Here, we propose a theoretical approach that can fundamentally eliminate the adverse effects of the incident angle on the transmission response of an anisotropic ε-near-μ material by adjusting the structural permittivity and permeability tensors. We take advantages of the nonresonance regions of electric and magnetic resonators so that the material parameters can attain the desired values in a wide frequency band. This allows us to design a nonreflective material with broadband all-angle transmissions from 0° to almost 90°, which is further verified by experiments with good performance. This work opens up a new route for the design of ultrawide-angle transmission-type metamaterials with high-efficiency and wideband properties, reaching significant applications in antenna radomes.