bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive justice: A radical framework for researching sexual and reproductive issues in psychology
Authors: Morison Tracy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe reproductive justice framework holds much promise for guiding research that can contribute to social change. Its limited integration and use in social psychology therefore represents a missed opportunity for justice‐oriented social researchers. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the reproductive justice framework and demonstrate its value for social psychologists studying sexual and reproductive issues. Using the example of contraceptive provision, rights‐based sexual and reproductive health research is contrasted with reproductive justice‐oriented research to demonstrate how a reproductive justice lens can extend the analytical focus to illuminate the complex roots of an issue. This is crucial for developing policy and interventions that contribute toward longer‐term systemic change and, ultimately, social transformation.
Remittance micro‐worlds and migrant infrastructure: Circulations, disruptions, and the movement of money
Authors: Cirolia Liza Rose , Hall Suzanne , Nyamnjoh Henrietta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRemittances are increasingly central to development discourses in Africa. The development sector seeks to leverage transnational migration and rapid innovations in financial technologies (fintech), to make remittance systems cheaper for end‐users and less risky for states and companies. Critical scholarship, however, questions the techno‐fix tendency, calling for grounded research on the intersections between remittances, technologies, and everyday life in African cities and beyond. Building on this work, we deploy the concepts of “micro‐worlds” and “migrant infrastructure” to make sense of the complex networks of actors, practices, regulations, and materialities that shape remittance worlds. To ground the work, we narrate two vignettes of remittance service providers who operate in Cape Town, South Africa, serving the Congolese diaspora community. We showcase the important role of logistics companies in the “informal” provision of remittance services and the rise of fintech companies operating in the remittance space. These vignettes give substance to the messy and relational dynamics of remittance micro‐worlds. This relationality allows us to see how remittances are circulations, not unidirectional flows; how they are not split between formal and informal, but in fact intersect in blurry ways; how digital technologies are central to the story of migrant infrastructures; and how migrants themselves are compositional of these networks. In doing so, we tell a more relational story about how remittance systems are constituted and configured.
Pilot study supporting the existence of novel lymphatic channels within the canine anterior uveal tract using Lyve‐1 and CD31
Authors: Dubin Alexis , Freeman Kate S. , Charles Joseph , Ammar David A. , Ehrhart Eugene J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate the existence of lymphatics in the canine anterior uvea using lymphatic‐specific markers Lyve‐1, Prox‐1, and podoplanin, the endothelial cell marker CD31, and basement membrane matrix marker collagen IV.DesignProspective Study.AnimalsEight normal globes from animals euthanized for unrelated health problems.ProceduresSagittally cut serial sections of six normal canine eyes were immunofluorescence double‐stained with Lyve‐1 and CD31 and single‐stained with colorimetric Prox‐1 and collagen IV. Three serial sections from 2 additional eyes were cut in the coronal plane at the level of the ciliary body and immunofluorescence double‐stained with Lyve‐1 and CD31 to map lymphatic channel distribution. Lymphatics from normal canine lymph nodes were used for validation of podoplanin.ResultsFour of 6 of the sagitally sectioned eyes had Lyve‐1–positive lymphatic‐like structures that were distinct from CD31‐positive blood vessels in the iris base and ciliary body. Both of the coronally sectioned globes had Lyve‐1–positive lymphatic‐like structures in the ciliary body. The location of these structures was evaluated and found to be diffusely present circumferentially around the ciliary body.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThese results support the existence of lymphatic channels in the anterior uveal tract of the canine eye. This could indicate the presence of a novel uveolymphatic outflow pathway, which may play a role in aqueous humor outflow. Future studies are needed to confirm the existence and elucidate the role of this proposed uveolymphatic outflow pathway and potentially develop novel treatment options for managing glaucoma.
Analysis of waveform and amplitude of mouse rod and cone flash responses
Authors: Abtout Annia , Fain Gordon , Reingruber Jürgen 
Published: May 2021

Key points
Most vertebrate eyes have rod and cone photoreceptors, which use a signal transduction pathway consisting of many biological processes to transform light into an electrical response.
We dissect and quantify the contribution of each of these processes to the photoreceptor light response by using a novel method of analysis that provides an analytical solution for the entire time course of the dim‐flash light response.
We find that the shape of the light response is exclusively controlled by deactivation parameters. Activation parameters scale this shape and alter the response amplitude.
We show that the rising phase of the response depends on Ca2+ feedback, and we identify the deactivation parameters that control the recovery phase of the response.
We devise new methods to extract values for deactivation and activation parameters from a separate analysis of response shape and response amplitude.
AbstractVertebrate eyes have rod and cone photoreceptors, which use a complex transduction pathway comprising many biological processes to transform the absorption of light into an electrical response. A fundamental question in sensory transduction is how these processes contribute to the response. To study this question, we use a well‐accepted phototransduction model, which we analyse with a novel method based on the log transform of the current. We derive an analytical solution that describes the entire time course of the photoreceptor response to dim flashes of light. We use this solution to dissect and quantify the contribution of each process to the response. We find that the entire dim‐flash response is proportional to the flash intensity. By normalizing responses to unit amplitude, we define a waveform that is independent of the light intensity and characterizes the invariant shape of dim‐flash responses. We show that this waveform is exclusively determined by deactivation rates; activation rates only scale the waveform and affect the amplitude. This analysis corrects a previous assumption that the rising phase is determined entirely by activation rates. We further show that the rising phase depends on Ca2+ feedback to the cyclase, contrary to current belief. We identify the deactivation rates that control the recovery phase of the response, and we devise new methods to extract activation and deactivation rates from an analysis of response shape and response amplitude. In summary, we provide a comprehensive understanding of how the various transduction processes produce the cellular response.
Numerical Study on Hydrodynamic Forces and Course Stability of a Ship in Surf-Riding Condition Based on Planar Motion Mechanism Tests
Authors: Ma Chengqian , Ma Ning , Gu Xiechong , Feng Peiyuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The theoretical method, or named the potential flow method, is most widely used in the research of maneuvering in waves. However, this approach used in previous studies is based on the assumption that maneuvering hydrodynamic derivatives in waves are the same as those in calm water. However, this assumption can be inaccurate, which makes the simulations different from the experimental results sometimes. Meanwhile, there are few experiments performed to investigate the hydrodynamic derivatives in waves considering the complexities of the experimental setup and data processing. There is even no systematic numerical simulation in this field. Considering the importance of the wave effect on the hydrodynamic derivatives and the advantages of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, in this study, the numerical simulations of the planar motion mechanism (PMM) tests on a containership S175 in regular waves are performed systematically for the first time. The hydrodynamic derivatives in waves of the target model are obtained by simulations in following waves, to be specific, the surf-riding condition. The surf-riding condition is chosen for separating the wave-induced component easily and researching the reason for the broaching-to phenomenon. The simulation results are validated by experimental data with satisfactory accuracy, which indicates the effectiveness of the numerical setup. The results reveal that the wave has a significant effect on hydrodynamic derivatives. The detailed changing trends and simulation methods of all hydrodynamic derivatives are proposed in this paper. Moreover, the course stability in waves is evaluated by the hydrodynamic derivatives in waves, which verifies the reason for the occurrence of the broaching-to phenomenon.
Comparison and impact of COVID-19 for patients with cancer: a survival analysis of fatality rate controlling for age, sex and cancer type
Authors: Li Haiquan , Baldwin Edwin , Zhang Xiang , Kenost Colleen , Luo Wenting , Calhoun Elizabeth A , An Lingling , Bennett Charles L , Lussier Yves A 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesPrior research has reported an increased risk of fatality for patients with cancer, but most studies investigated the risk by comparing cancer to non-cancer patients among COVID-19 infections, where cancer might have contributed to the increased risk. This study is to understand COVID-19’s imposed HR of fatality while controlling for covariates, such as age, sex, metastasis status and cancer type.MethodsWe conducted survival analyses of 4606 cancer patients with COVID-19 test results from 16 March to 11 October 2020 in UK Biobank and estimated the overall HR of fatality with and without COVID-19 infection. We also examined the HRs of 13 specific cancer types with at least 100 patients using a stratified analysis.ResultsCOVID-19 resulted in an overall HR of 7.76 (95% CI 5.78 to 10.40, p<10−10) by following 4606 patients with cancer for 21 days after the tests. The HR varied among cancer type, with over a 10-fold increase in fatality rate (false discovery rate ≤0.02) for melanoma, haematological malignancies, uterine cancer and kidney cancer. Although COVID-19 imposed a higher risk for localised versus distant metastasis cancers, those of distant metastases yielded higher overall fatality rates due to their multiplicative effects.DiscussionThe results confirmed prior reports for the increased risk of fatality for patients with COVID-19 plus hematological malignancies and demonstrated similar findings of COVID-19 on melanoma, uterine, and kidney cancers.ConclusionThe results highlight the heightened risk that COVID-19 imposes on localised and haematological cancer patients and the necessity to vaccinate uninfected patients with cancer promptly, particularly for the cancer types most influenced by COVID-19. Results also suggest the importance of timely care for patients with localised cancer, whether they are infected by COVID-19 or not.
Association between extremely high high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and hypertensive retinopathy: results of a cross-sectional study from Kanagawa Investigation of Total Checkup Data from the National Database-6 (KITCHEN-6)
Authors: Nakajima Kei , Higuchi Ryoko , Mizusawa Kaori , Nakamura Teiji 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesDoubt has been cast on the atheroprotective effect of very high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Hypertensive retinopathy (HR) is caused by persistent systemic hypertension. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between extremely high HDL-C (EH-HDL) and HR.DesignA cross-sectional study.ParticipantsA total of 4072 general Japanese population aged 40–74 years who underwent regular medical check-ups including fundus examinations.Outcome measuresHR and clinical parameters including serum HDL-C were investigated. HR was determined by the Keith-Wagener classification and the Scheie classifications for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis (n=4054 available). Serum HDL-C was divided into five categories: 30–49, 50–69, 70–89, 90–109 and ≥110 mg/dL.ResultsOverall, 828 (20.3%) subjects had Keith-Wagener-HR, 578 (14.3%) had hypertension-HR, and 628 (15.5%) had atherosclerosis-HR. Blood pressure decreased as HDL-C level increased, whereas the prevalences of HRs showed U-shaped curves against HDL-C with minimum values for HDL-C 90–109 mg/dL. In logistic regression analyses, EH-HDL ≥110 mg/dL was significantly associated with Keith-Wagener-HR and atherosclerosis-HR, compared with HDL-C 90–109 mg/dL after adjustments for age, sex and systolic blood pressure (OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.45 to 6.27 and OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.86). The hypertension-HR was not significantly associated with EH-HDL regardless of adjustment for the confounding factors (p=0.05–0.08). Although serum HDL-C as a continuous variable was inversely associated with three HRs, which disappeared after adjustment for the confounding factors.ConclusionEH-HDL may be associated with HR independently of blood pressure, suggesting that EH-HDL reflects a special atherosclerotic condition.
Brief interventions for older adults (BIO) delivered by non-specialist community health workers to reduce at-risk drinking in primary care: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Paula Tassiane Cristine Santos , Chagas Camila , Noto Ana Regina , Formigoni Maria Lucia Oliveira Souza , Pereira Tiago Veiga , Ferri Cleusa Pinheiro 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionEvidence suggests that brief interventions are effective in reducing alcohol consumption among older adults. However, the effectiveness of these interventions when delivered by community health workers (non-specialists) in a primary healthcare setting is unknown. To our knowledge, this will be the first randomised trial to examine this.Methods and analysisTwo hundred and forty-two individuals considered at-risk drinkers (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption, AUDIT-C score ≥4) will be recruited and randomly allocated to usual care (waiting-list) or usual care plus an intervention delivered by trained community health workers (non-specialists). Seven primary care units (PCUs) in Sao José dos Campos, Brazil. PCUs are part of the Brazilian public healthcare system (Sistema Único de Saúde).Follow-up6 months.OutcomesThe primary outcome will be the proportion of participants considered at-risk drinkers (AUDIT-C score ≥4). Secondary outcomes will include alcohol consumption in a typical week in the last 30 days (in units per week) assessed by the AUDIT, service use questionnaire, cognitive performance—assessed by The Health and Retirement Study Harmonised Cognitive Assessment, physical activity—assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, depression—assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale and quality of life—assessed by the Control, Autonomy, Self-realisation and Pleasure-16 instrument. The analysis will be based on intention-to-treat principle.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, CEP/UNIFESP Project n: 0690/2018; CAAE: 91648618.0.0000.5505. All eligible participants will provide informed consent prior to randomisation. The results of this study will be published in relevant peer-reviewed journals and in conference presentations.Trial registration numberRBR-8rcxkk.
Neuroinflammation in cognitive decline post-cardiac surgery (the FOCUS study): an observational study protocol
Authors: Peters van Ton Annemieke M , Duindam Harmke B. , van Tuijl Julia , Li Wilson WL , Dieker Hendrik-Jan , Riksen Niels P , Meijer FJ Anton , Kessels Roy PC , Kohn Nils , van der Hoeven Johannes G. , Pickkers Peter , Rijpkema Mark , Abdo Wilson F 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionPostoperative cognitive dysfunction occurs frequently after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, but neuroinflammation might play a pivotal role. We hypothesise that systemic inflammation induced by the surgical trauma could activate the innate immune (glial) cells of the brain. This could lead to an exaggerated neuroinflammatory cascade, resulting in neuronal dysfunction and loss of neuronal cells. Therefore, the aims of this study are to assess neuroinflammation in vivo presurgery and postsurgery in patients undergoing major cardiac surgery and investigate whether there is a relationship of neuroinflammation to cognitive outcomes, changes to brain structure and function, and systemic inflammation.Methods and analysisThe FOCUS study is a prospective, single-centre observational study, including 30 patients undergoing elective on-pump CABG. Translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography neuroimaging will be performed preoperatively and postoperatively using the second generation tracer18F-DPA-714 to assess the neuroinflammatory response. In addition, a comprehensive cerebral MRI will be performed presurgery and postsurgery, in order to discover newly developed brain and vascular wall lesions. Up to 6 months postoperatively, serial extensive neurocognitive assessments will be performed and blood will be obtained to quantify systemic inflammatory responses and peripheral immune cell activation.Ethics and disseminationPatients do not benefit directly from engaging in the study, but imaging neuroinflammation is considered safe and no side effects are expected. The study protocol obtained ethical approval by the Medical Research Ethics Committee region Arnhem-Nijmegen. This work will be published in peer-reviewed international medical journals and presented at medical conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04520802.
Support and follow-up needs of patients discharged from intensive care after severe COVID-19: a mixed-methods study of the views of UK general practitioners and intensive care staff during the pandemic’s first wave
Authors: Castro-Avila Ana Cristina , Jefferson Laura , Dale Veronica , Bloor Karen 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo identify follow-up services planned for patients with COVID-19 discharged from intensive care unit (ICU) and to explore the views of ICU staff and general practitioners (GPs) regarding these patients’ future needs and care coordination.DesignThis is a sequential mixed-methods study using online surveys and semistructured interviews. Interview data were inductively coded and thematically analysed. Survey data were descriptively analysed.SettingGP surgeries and acute National Health Service Trusts in the UK.ParticipantsGPs and clinicians leading care for patients discharged from ICU.Primary and secondary outcomesUsual follow-up practice after ICU discharge, changes in follow-up during the pandemic, and GP awareness of follow-up and support needs of patients discharged from ICU.ResultsWe obtained 170 survey responses and conducted 23 interviews. Over 60% of GPs were unaware of the follow-up services generally provided by their local hospitals and whether or not these were functioning during the pandemic. Eighty per cent of ICUs reported some form of follow-up services, with 25% of these suspending provision during the peak of the pandemic and over half modifying their provision (usually to provide the service remotely). Common themes relating to barriers to provision of follow-up were funding complexities, remit and expertise, and communication between ICU and community services. Discharge documentation was described as poor and lacking key information. Both groups mentioned difficulties accessing services in the community and lack of clarity about who was responsible for referrals and follow-up.ConclusionsThe pandemic has highlighted long-standing issues of continuity of care and complex funding streams for post-ICU follow-up care. The large cohort of ICU patients admitted due to COVID-19 highlights the need for improved follow-up services and communication between specialists and GPs, not only for patients with COVID-19, but for all those discharged from ICU.
FENETRE study: quality-assured follow-up of quiescent neovascular age-related macular degeneration by non-medical practitioners: study protocol and statistical analysis plan for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Learoyd Annastazia E , Tufail Adnan , Bunce Catey , Keane Pearse A , Kernohan Ashleigh , Robinson Emily , Jaber Alijazy , Sadiq Saqlain , Harper Robert , Lawrenson John , Vale Luke , Waterman Heather , Douiri Abdel , Balaskas Konstantinos 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveManagement of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) places a high demand on already constrained hospital-based eye services. This study aims to assess the safety and quality of follow-up within the community led by suitably trained non-medical practitioners for the management of quiescent neovascular AMD (QnAMD).Methods/designThis is a prospective, multisite, randomised clinical trial. 742 participants with QnAMD will be recruited and randomised to either continue hospital-based secondary care or to receive follow-up within a community setting. Participants in both groups will be monitored for disease reactivation over the course of 12 months and referred for treatment as necessary. Outcomes measures will assess the non-inferiority of primary care follow-up accounting for accuracy of the identification of disease reactivation, patient loss to follow-up and accrued costs and the budget impact to the National Health Service.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval was obtained from the London Bloomsbury Ethics Committee. The results of this study will be disseminated through academic peer-reviewed publications, conferences and collaborations with eye charities to insure the findings reach the appropriate patient populations.Trial registration numberNCT03893474.