bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel low‐dielectric constant and soluble polyimides from diamines containing fluorene and pyridine unit
Authors: Hu Mengjie , Chen Haiquan , Wang Mengxia , Liu Gang , Chen Chunhai , Qian Guangtao , Yu Youhai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPolyimides (PI's) with low‐dielectric constant and excellent organic solubility have broad application prospects in the electronic field. Herein, this study designed a series of novel, low dielectric, organic soluble PI films by creatively introducing fluorene and pyridine ring into diamine monomers. Because of the noncoplanar structure of fluorenyl and the polarization of pyridine ring, PI films achieved a low‐dielectric constant (2.22–3.09 at 10 MHz) and excellent organic solubility. Even in some organic solvents with low‐boiling points, these PI films still exhibited outstanding solubility. In addition, all the films possessed high‐tensile strength (≈120 MPa) and excellent optical transparency (>70%, 450 nm). It was worth noting that the glass transition temperature of films was all above 280°C and 5% weight loss temperature (T5%) was at 486–553°C. In general, the novel high‐performance low‐dielectric PI films are expected to be used in the field of microelectronics.
Development and verification of a novel isotopic N2O measurement technique for discrete static chamber samples using cavity ring‐down spectroscopy
Authors: Bracken Conor J. , Lanigan Gary J. , Richards Karl G. , Müller Christoph , Tracy Saoirse R. , Well Reinhard , Carolan Rachael , Murphy Paul N.C. 
Published: January 2021

RationaleN2O isotopomers are a useful tool to study soil N cycling processes. The reliability of such measurements requires a consistent set of international N2O isotope reference materials to improve inter‐laboratory and inter‐instrument comparability and avoid reporting inaccurate results. All these are the more important given the role of N2O in anthropogenic climate change and the pressing need to develop our understanding of soil N cycling and N2O emission to mitigate such emissions. Cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) could potentially overcome resource requirements and technical challenges, making N2O isotopomer measurements more feasible and less expensive than previous approaches (e.g., gas chromatography [GC] and isotope ratio mass spectrometry [IRMS]).MethodsA combined laser spectrometer and small sample isotope module (CRDS & SSIM) method enabled N2O concentration, δ15Nbulk, δ15Nα, δ15Nβ and site preference (SP) measurements of sample volumes <20 mL, such as static chamber samples. Sample dilution and isotopic mixing as well as N2O concentration dependence were corrected numerically. A two‐point calibration procedure normalised δ values to the international isotope‐ratio scales. The CRDS & SSIM repeatability was determined using a reference gas (Ref Gas). CRDS & SSIM concentration measurements were compared with those obtained by GC, and the isotope ratio measurements from two different mass spectrometers were compared.ResultsThe repeatability (mean ± 1σ; n = 10) of the CRDS & SSIM measurements of the Ref Gas was 710.64 ppb (± 8.64), 2.82‰ (± 0.91), 5.41‰ (± 2.00), 0.23‰ (± 0.22) and 5.18‰ (± 2.18) for N2O concentration, δ15Nbulk, δ15Nα, δ15Nβ and SP, respectively. The CRDS & SSIM concentration measurements were strongly correlated with GC (r = 0.99), and they were more precise than those obtained using GC except when the N2O concentrations exceeded the specified operating range. Normalising CRDS & SSIM δ values to the international isotope‐ratio scales using isotopic N2O standards (AK1 and Mix1) produced accurate results when the samples were bracketed within the range of the δ values of the standards. The CRDS & SSIM δ15Nbulk and SP precision was approximately one order of magnitude less than the typical IRMS precision.ConclusionsCRDS & SSIM is a promising approach that enables N2O concentrations and isotope ratios to be measured by CRDS for samples <20 mL. The CRDS & SSIM repeatability makes this approach suitable for N2O “isotopomer mapping” to distinguish dominant source pathways, such as nitrification and denitrification, and requires less extensive lab resources than the traditionally used GC/IRMS. Current study limitations highlighted potential improvements for future users of this approach to consider, such as automation and physical removal of interfering trace gases before sample analysis.
Nanometal Thermocatalysts: Transformations, Deactivation, and Mitigation
Authors: Zhang Hanlei , Pan Jing , Zhou Qitao , Xia Fan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNanometals have been proven to be efficient thermocatalysts in the last decades. Their enhanced catalytic activity and tunable functionalities make them intriguing candidates for a wide range of catalytic applications, such as gaseous reactions and compound synthesis/decomposition. On the other hand, the enhanced specific surface energy and reactivity of nanometals can lead to configuration transformation and thus catalytic deactivation during the synthesis and catalysis, which largely undermines the activity and service time, thereby calling for urgent research effort to understand the deactivating mechanisms and develop efficient mitigating methods. Herein, the recent progress in understanding the configuration transformation‐induced catalytic deactivation within nanometals is reviewed. The major pathways of configuration transformations, and their kinetics controlled by the environmental factors are presented. The approaches toward mitigating the transformation‐induced deactivation are also presented. Finally, a perspective on the future academic approaches toward in‐depth understanding of the kinetics of the deactivation of nanometals is proposed.
Recent Progress in Flexible Microstructural Pressure Sensors toward Human–Machine Interaction and Healthcare Applications
Authors: He Faliang , You Xingyan , Wang Weiguo , Bai Tian , Xue Gaofei , Ye Meidan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the rapid growth of artificial intelligence, wearable electronic devices have caught intensive research interest recently. Flexible sensors, as the significant part of them, have become the focus of research. Particularly, flexible microstructural pressure sensors (FMPSs) have attracted extensive attention because of their controllable shape, small size, and high sensitivity. Microstructures are of great significance to improve the sensitivity and response time of FMPSs. The FMPSs present great application prospects in medical health, human–machine interaction, electronic products, and so on. In this review, a series of microstructures (e.g., wave, pillar, and pyramid shapes) which have been elaborately designed to effectively enhance the sensing performance of FMPSs are introduced in detail. Various fabrication strategies of these FMPSs are comprehensively summarized, including template (e.g., silica, anodic aluminum oxide, and bionic patterns), pre‐stressing, and magnetic field regulation methods. In addition, the materials (e.g., carbon, polymer, and piezoelectric materials) used to prepare FMPSs are also discussed. Moreover, the potential applications of FMPSs in human–machine interaction and healthcare fields are emphasized as well. Finally, the advantages and latest development of FMPSs are further highlighted, and the challenges and potential prospects of high‐performance FMPSs are outlined.
RNA m6A Modification Alteration by Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots Regulates Cell Ferroptosis: Implications for Nanotoxicological Assessment
Authors: Ruan Fengkai , Zeng Jie , Yin Hanying , Jiang Shengwei , Cao Xisen , Zheng Naying , Han Changshun , Zhang Chuchu , Zuo Zhenghong , He Chengyong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNanosafety is a major concern for nanotechnology development. Evaluation of the transcriptome and the DNA methylome is proposed for nanosafety assessments. RNA m6A modification plays a crucial role in development, disease, and cell fate determination through regulating RNA stability and decay. Here, since black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs), among many other types of QDs, increase the global m6A level and decrease the demethylase ALKBH5 level in lung cells, the epitranscriptome is taken into consideration for the first time to evaluate nanosafety. Both the transcriptome and m6A epitranscriptome analyses show that BPQDs alter many biological processes, such as the response to selenium ions and the lipoxygenase pathway, indicating possible ferroptosis activation. The results further show that BPQDs cause lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and iron overload. Recognition of these modified mRNAs by YTHDF2 leads to mRNAs’ decay and eventually ferroptosis. This study shows that RNA m6A modification not only is a more sophisticated indicator for nanosafety assessment but also provides novel insight into the role of RNA m6A in regulating BPQD‐induced ferroptosis, which may be broadly applicable to understanding the functions of RNA m6A under stress.
3D Ag@C Cloth for Stable Anode Free Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Hui , Wu Yan , Liu Shihao , Jiang Yang , Shen Dong , Kang Tianxing , Tong Zhongqiu , Wu Di , Li Xinjian , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile sodium metal anodes (SMAs) feature many performance advantages in sodium ion batteries (SIBs), severe safety concerns remain for using bulk sodium electrodes. Herein, a 3D Ag@C natrophilic substrate prepared by a facile thermal evaporation deposition method, which can be employed as a much safer “anode‐free” SMA, is reported. Initially, there is no bulk sodium on the Ag@C substrate in the assembled SIBs. Upon charging, sodium will be uniformly deposited onto the Ag@C substrate and afterwards functions as a real SMA, thus inheriting the intrinsic merits of SMA and enhancing safety simultaneously. While cycling, the as‐synthesized substrate demonstrates superior sodium plating/stripping cycling stability at 1, 2 and 3 mA cm−2 with a capacity of 2 mAh cm−2. Theoretical simulations reveal that Na ions prefer to bind with Ag and form a Na‐Ag network, thus clearly revealing uniform sodium deposition on the Ag@C substrate. More importantly, a full battery based on Ag@C and Prussian white with impressive Coulomb efficiency (CE), high rate capability (from 0.1 C to 5 C) and long‐term cycling life is illustrated for the first time, thus making Ag@C feasible for the establishment of “anode‐free” SIBs with reduced cost, high gravimetric/volumetric energy density and enhanced safety.
Stochastic branching at the edge: individual-based modeling of tumor cell proliferation
Authors: Kozitsky Yuri 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn individual-based model of stochastic branching is proposed and studied, in which point particles drift in$$\bar{\mathbb {R}}_{+}:=[0,+\infty )$$R¯+:=[0,+∞)toward the origin (edge) with unit speed, where each of them splits into two particles that instantly appear in$$\bar{\mathbb {R}}_{+}$$R¯+at random positions. During their drift, the particles are subject to a random disappearance (death). The model is intended to capture the main features of the proliferation of tumor cells, in which trait$$x\in \bar{\mathbb {R}}_{+}$$x∈R¯+of a given cell is time to its division and the death is caused by therapeutic factors. The main result of the paper is proving the existence of an honest evolution of this kind and finding a condition that involves the death rate and cell cycle distribution parameters, under which the mean size of the population remains bounded in time.
Cloud FEA of hot stamping processes using a software agnostic platform
Authors: Zhu Mingqing , Lim Yixian C. , Cai Zhaoheng , Liu Xiaochuan , Dhawan Saksham , Liu Jun , Politis Denis J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFinite element analysis (FEA) of a hot stamping process demands the implementation of accurate material properties and boundary conditions to precisely predict and evaluate the post-form quality of a component. A software agnostic platform was developed to provide cloud FEA of a hot stamping process in three stages, namely, pre-FE modelling, FE simulation and post-FE evaluation. When the desired materials and process window were uploaded on the platform, the flow stress, material properties, interfacial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) and friction coefficient were predicted by the model-driven functional modules and then generated in the form of compatible packages that could be implemented into the desired FE software. Subsequently, the FE simulation was performed either locally or remotely on the developed platform. When the simulated evolutionary thermomechanical characteristics of the formed component were uploaded, the formability, quenching efficiency and post-form strength could be predicted and then demonstrated on a dedicated visualiser on the developed platform. Cloud FEA of two different hot stamping technologies was conducted to demonstrate the function of the developed platform, showing an error of less than 10%.
Performance of the Emprint and Amica Microwave Ablation Systems in ex vivo Porcine Livers: Sphericity and Reproducibility Versus Size
Authors: Hendriks P. , Berkhout W. E. M. , Kaanen C. I. , Sluijter J. H. , Visser I. J. , van den Dobbelsteen J. J. , de Geus-Oei L. F. , Webb A. G. , Burgmans M. C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the performance of two microwave ablation (MWA) systems regarding ablation volume, ablation shape and variability.

Materials and Methods
In this ex vivo study, the Emprint and Amica MWA systems were used to ablate porcine livers at 4 different settings of time and power (3 and 5 minutes at 60 and 80 Watt). In total, 48 ablations were analysed for ablation size and shape using Vitrea Advanced Visualization software after acquisition of a 7T MRI scan.

Results
Emprint ablations were smaller (11,1 vs. 21,1 mL p < 0.001), more spherical (sphericity index of 0.89 vs. 0.59 p < 0.001) and showed less variability than Amica ablations. In both systems, longer ablation time and higher power resulted in significantly larger ablation volumes.

Conclusion
Emprint ablations were more spherical, and the results showed a lower variability than those of Amica ablations. This comes at the price of smaller ablation volumes.
The association of comorbidity measures and mortality in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients by cancer status: RESORT
Authors: Chan Cheuk Huen , Maddison Claire , Reijnierse Esmee M. , Lim Wen Kwang , Maier Andrea B. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Multimorbidity is highly prevalent in older adults, both those with and without cancer, and is associated with an increased risk of mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate if multimorbidity measures in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients differ in their association with mortality, dependent on a diagnosis of cancer.

Methods
REStORing health of acutely unwell adulTs (RESORT) is an ongoing longitudinal inception cohort of geriatric rehabilitation inpatients. Comorbidity was measured at admission using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), age-adjusted CCI (CCI-A), Cumulative Illness Rating Scale–Geriatrics (CIRS-G) and the CIRS-G severity index. Patients were allocated to a cancer status group (no cancer, history of cancer, or active cancer). The association of comorbidity indices with mortality was analyzed using Cox regression analyses.

Results
Of the 693 patients (mean age 82.2 ± 7.5 years), 523 (75.4%) had no history of cancer, 96 (13.9%) past cancer, and 74 (10.7%) active cancer. Three months post-discharge, patients with active cancer had a higher mortality risk compared to patients with no cancer (HR = 3.57, 95% CI 2.03–6.23). CCI and CCI-A scores were significantly associated with higher mortality risk in all cancer status groups.

Conclusion
In geriatric rehabilitation patients, incremental CCI and CCI-A scores were associated with higher mortality in all three cancer status groups. However, patients with active cancer had a significantly higher 3-month mortality compared to those with no or past cancer, and this is likely determined by the advanced nature of the malignancies in this group.
Boundary value problems for a special Helfrich functional for surfaces of revolution: existence and asymptotic behaviour
Authors: Deckelnick Klaus , Doemeland Marco , Grunau Hans-Christoph 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe central object of this article is (a special version of) the Helfrich functional which is the sum of the Willmore functional and the area functional times a weight factor$$\varepsilon \ge 0$$ε≥0. We collect several results concerning the existence of solutions to a Dirichlet boundary value problem for Helfrich surfaces of revolution and cover some specific regimes of boundary conditions and weight factors$$\varepsilon \ge 0$$ε≥0. These results are obtained with the help of different techniques like an energy method, gluing techniques and the use of the implicit function theorem close to Helfrich cylinders. In particular, concerning the regime of boundary values, where a catenoid exists as a global minimiser of the area functional, existence of minimisers of the Helfrich functional is established forallweight factors$$\varepsilon \ge 0$$ε≥0. For the singular limit of weight factors$$ \varepsilon \nearrow \infty $$ε↗∞they converge uniformly to the catenoid which minimises the surface area in the class of surfaces of revolution.
SNR of the coded aperture imaging system
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Zhao Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the expression for the SNR has been developed through the imaging model. It is concluded that the image SNR decreases with the increase of the number of light-emitting points of the target under the same hardware conditions and experimental parameters. Using uniform bright squares of different sizes as the target, the SNR of the reconstructed image is calculated. Simulation and prototype experiments have proved the correctness of the conclusion. Based on this conclusion, a method of segmented area imaging is proposed to improve the reconstructed image quality. The quality of all the images using this method with Wiener inverse filtering, R-Lucy deconvolution, and ADMM is better than the image quality obtained by full-area imaging.
Foundations of information technology based on Bunge’s systemist philosophy of reality
Authors: Lukyanenko Roman , Storey Veda C. , Pastor Oscar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGeneral ontology is a prominent theoretical foundation for information technology analysis, design, and development. Ontology is a branch of philosophy which studies what exists in reality. A widely used ontology in information systems, especially for conceptual modeling, is the BWW (Bunge–Wand–Weber), which is based on ideas of the philosopher and physicist Mario Bunge, as synthesized by Wand and Weber. The ontology was founded on an early subset of Bunge’s philosophy; however, many of Bunge’s ideas have evolved since then. An important question, therefore, is: do the more recent ideas expressed by Bunge call for a new ontology? In this paper, we conduct an analysis of Bunge’s earlier and more recent works to address this question. We present a new ontology based on Bunge’s later and broader works, which we refer to as Bunge’s Systemist Ontology (BSO). We then compare BSO to the constructs of BWW. The comparison reveals both considerable overlap between BSO and BWW, as well as substantial differences. From this comparison and the initial exposition of BSO, we provide suggestions for further ontology studies and identify research questions that could provide a fruitful agenda for future scholarship in conceptual modeling and other areas of information technology.
The ambiguities of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil certification: internal incoherence, governance rescaling and state transformation
Authors: Choiruzzad Shofwan Al Banna , Tyson Adam , Varkkey Helena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere are persistent tensions of both a technical and political nature between Southeast Asia’s two major palm oil producers, Indonesia and Malaysia, and the sustainability governance mechanisms shaping global environmental and trade standards emerging from Europe. The establishment of the national Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) certification standard in 2011 is a sign of discontent with the transnational Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) regime, sparking debate about the legitimacy of private governance models initiated by non-governmental organizations and companies in Europe. This article questions whether the adoption of sustainability norms by Indonesia signals normative convergence or the emergence of rival governance structures that challenge the state. Evidence suggests that elements of norm adoption and rival governance coexist in Indonesia and that ISPO certification is an ambiguous policy with degrees of internal incoherence. The ambiguous nature of ISPO certification gives rise to unresolved disputes over power and authority between various actors. This article shows how these disputes came into being by framing these dynamics as part of a long historical process. Novel insights are gained by employing the state transformation framework and the concept of governance rescaling. Within this framework, we argue that the ambiguous nature of the ISPO results from complex interrelated processes of fragmentation, decentralization and the internationalization of the Indonesian state.
How Corporate Charitable Giving Reduces the Costs of Formal Controls
Authors: Reichert Bernhard E. , Sohn Matthias 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFormal control systems are a common instrument to align employees’ interests with those of managers and companies. However, research shows that employees perceive formal controls as a sign of distrust and restraint, which can lead to costs of control in the form of lower employee cooperation and effort (e.g., Falk and Kosfeld 2006; Christ 2013). We propose that charitable giving reduces these costs of control. We draw on the halo effect and propose that corporate charitable giving alters employees’ perception of and reaction to formal controls. In a laboratory experiment, we find that charitable giving by a company creates a higher level of employee trust in a manager who decides to implement a control and a more positive assessment of formal control. These positive effects of charitable giving lead to lower costs of control compared to the absence of charitable giving. We thereby provide an example of how charitable giving as a corporate social responsibility (CSR) activity yields positive benefits by altering the behavior of internal company stakeholders.