bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Intraoperative and Postoperative Complications After Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction or Repair: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Maheshwer Bhargavi , Drager Justin , John Nalin S. , Williams Brady T. , LaPrade Robert F. , Chahla Jorge 
Published: January 2021

Background: Posterolateral corner (PLC) injuries of the knee are being increasingly recognized and treated in current orthopaedic practice. While there are numerous systematic reviews evaluating the management and outcomes after PLC injuries, there are limited data investigating complications after PLC reconstruction or repair. Purpose: To systematically review the literature to determine the incidence of postoperative complications after the surgical treatment of PLC injury. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed (2008-2019), Embase (2008-2019), and MEDLINE (2008-2019) were queried for literature reporting on PLC reconstruction or repair, with or without concomitant ligamentous or meniscal surgery. Data including type of surgery performed, concomitant procedures, and follow-up time were extracted. Complications recorded included intra- and postoperative complications. Results: After the intra- and postoperative complication data of 60 studies (1747 cases) were combined, surgical management of PLC injuries was associated with an intraoperative complication rate of 0.34% (range, 0%-2.8%) and a postoperative complication rate of 20% (range, 0%-51.2%). The most common postoperative complication was arthrofibrosis (range, 0%-20%). The overall infection rate was 1.3% (range, 0%-10%). Four cases of postoperative common peroneal nerve palsy were reported. Failure of reconstruction or repair was reported in 164 (9.4%) of all cases examined (range, 0%-37.1%). Conclusion: Although the intraoperative rate of complications during PLC reconstructions is low, postoperative complications rates of 20% can be expected, including arthrofibrosis, infection, and neurovascular injury. PLC structures repaired or reconstructed failed in 9.4% of the cases.
A prospective, population-based, surveillance (BOSU) study of uveal effusion syndrome in the UK
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Foot Barny , Jackson Timothy L 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To determine the incidence and demographic profile of uveal effusion syndrome (UES), and to describe the visual and anatomic outcome following deep sclerectomy or vortex vein decompression. Methods: The British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit (BOSU) mails reporting cards monthly to 1149 senior UK ophthalmologists, who are requested to report incident cases of specified rare diseases. UES was included in the reporting system from October 2009 to October 2011. If UES was identified, ophthalmologists were mailed a questionnaire to collect anonymized clinical data at baseline, and 12 months after. Results: Over 2 years, 29 cases were reported. Two cases were duplicates and 12 failed to meet the eligibility criteria. Of the 15 eligible cases, age ranged from 11 to 91 years (mean 62) and nine were males (60%). Ten patients were hypermetropic; three had an axial length of 19.0 mm or less. Estimated annual incidence was 1.2 per 10 million population. Seven cases were managed nonsurgically, including observation (one case), topical steroids (two cases), systemic steroids (three cases), and cyclodiode laser (one case). Eight cases (11 eyes) underwent full-thickness sclerectomy; the elevated flap was retained in four. The sclera was noted to be thick and rigid during surgery in five cases. Median preoperative visual acuity was 6/18, changing slightly to 6/21.5 at final review, with three eyes showing complete anatomic response, five showing some improvement, and three failing to respond. Conclusions: UES is extremely rare. It occurs in a range of ages, but is most common in middle-aged, hypermetropic men. Visual acuity can be materially reduced. The most commonly used surgical treatment in the UK is deep sclerectomy.
Home quality and child health: Analysis of the Survey of Income and Program Participation
Authors: Boch Samantha J , Chisolm Deena J , Kaminski Jennifer W , Kelleher Kelly J 
Published: January 2021

Housing is considered a core social determinant of health (SDH) through mechanisms such as the quality, affordability, and location of the home. However, few nationally representative studies examine these mechanisms simultaneously with child health and healthcare use. To determine the associations between home quality and child health, a series of logistic regression analyses was employed using the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). The 2014 SIPP sample is a multistage, stratified sample of 53,070 housing units from 820 sample areas designed to represent the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States. The analytic sample included 12,964 children aged 2–14 years. Poor housing quality was defined as whether the home had holes in the floor, cracks in the ceiling, plumbing issues, and/or pest problems. Outcome measures included child health status, number of medical visits, and hospitalizations. The results indicated that poor housing quality was associated with poorer health (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.05–1.27) and a greater number of medical visits (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.20) after controlling for number of persons per household, neighborhood safety, nonmetropolitan status, parent’s ability to afford housing-related expenses, and other SDH. Future work investigating and intervening on the SDH in children could specifically include the quality and contexts in which homes are situated.
How Could Evidence-Based Reform Advance Education?
Authors: Slavin Robert E. , Cheung Alan C. K. , Zhuang (庄腾腾) Tengteng 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This article presents a definition and rationale for evidence-based reform in education, and a discussion of the current state of evidence-based research, focusing on China, the U.S., and the UK. Design/Approach/Methods: The article contrasts the state of educational research in the U.S., the UK, and China, world leaders in evidence-based reform. Findings: The article suggests ways in which Chinese, U.S., UK, and other scholars might improve the worldwide quality of evidence-based reform in education. One indicator of this partnership is an agreement among the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Nanjing Normal University, and Johns Hopkins University to work together on Chinese and English versions of the website Best Evidence in Brief and a collaboration between Johns Hopkins and the ECNU Review of Education at East China Normal University. Originality/Value: This article is the first to compare developments in evidence-based reform in education in China with parallel developments in the U.S. and UK Building understanding of current evidence-based policies should help all countries learn how evidence can play a greater role in education policy and benefit many students.
Novel Implementation of Virtual Interviews for Otolaryngology Resident Selection: Reflections Relevant to the COVID‐19 Era
Authors: Davis Morgan E. , Jafari Aria , Crawford Kayva , MacDonald Bridget V. , Watson Deborah 
Published: January 2021

To address financial and scheduling conflicts associated with residency interviews for otolaryngology candidates, our residency program implemented virtual interviews as an alternative to the traditional in‐person format for our visiting subinterns during the 2018‐2019 and 2019‐2020 interview cycles. Applicants then completed an anonymous survey about their interview experience. We found that, overall, positive attitudes toward virtual interviews increased among 2019‐2020 candidates as compared with the year prior. Our results demonstrated an average cost savings per interview of $500 to $1000 when virtual technology was utilized. Based on feedback, improvements may be considered regarding eye contact, minimizing distractions, and providing the option to extend the interview length. Our experience provides a preliminary framework for transitioning to virtual interviews in the upcoming 2020‐2021 otolaryngology residency selection process during the COVID‐19 era, as well as for future studies assessing the utility of this method and its impact on overall match statistics.
Replacing school and out-of-school sedentary behaviors with physical activity and its associations with adiposity in children and adolescents: a compositional isotemporal substitution analysis
Authors: Gába Aleš , Dygrýn Jan , Štefelová Nikola , Rubín Lukáš , Hron Karel , Jakubec Lukáš 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known on how context-specific sedentary behaviors (SB) affect adiposity. This study aimed to investigate compositional associations between context-specific SB and adiposity and estimate the differences in adiposity associated with replacing school and out-of-school SB with physical activity (PA).MethodsThis study included 336 children and adolescents. Time spent in SB and PA was estimated using multi-day 24-hour raw accelerometer data. SB and PA were specified for school and out-of-school times. Fat mass percentage (FM%) and fat mass index (FMI) were used as adiposity indicators. A compositional isotemporal substitution model was used to estimate differences in adiposity associated with one-to-one reallocations of time from context-specific SB to PA.ResultsParticipants spent approximately two thirds of their school and out-of-school time being sedentary. Relative to the remaining 24-h movement behaviors, significant associations between out-of-school SB and adiposity were found in both boys (βilr1= 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.03–1.22 for FM%;βilr1= 0.76, 95% CI = 0.03–1.49 for FMI) and girls (βilr1= 0.62, 95% CI = 0.25–0.98 for FM%;βilr1= 0.80, 95% CI = 0.28–1.32 for FMI). Replacing 30 min/day of out-of-school SB with out-of-school light PA decreased FM% by 10.1% (95% CI = 3.3–17.9) and FMI by 14% (95% CI = 2.7–24) in girls. No significant associations were found for school SB.ConclusionsA reduction of out-of-school SB in favor of light PA should be advocated as an appropriate target for interventions and strategies to prevent childhood obesity.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of genes involved in the drought stress response of two peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties
Authors: Jiang Chunji , Li Xinlin , Zou Jixiang , Ren Jingyao , Jin Chunyi , Zhang He , Yu Haiqiu , Jin Hua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The peanut is one of the most important oil crops worldwide. Qualities and yields of peanut can be dramatically diminished by abiotic stresses particularly by drought. Therefore, it would be beneficial to gain a comprehensive understanding on peanut drought-responsive transcriptional regulatory activities, and hopefully to extract critical drought-tolerance-related molecular mechanism from it.

Results
In this study, two peanut Arachis hypogaea L. varieties, NH5 (tolerant) and FH18 (sensitive), which show significantly differential drought tolerance, were screened from 23 main commercial peanut cultivars and used for physiological characterization and transcriptomic analysis. NH5 leaves showed higher water and GSH contents, faster stomatal closure, and lower relative conductivity (REC) than FH18. Under the time-course of drought-treatments 0 h (CK), 4 h (DT1), 8 h (DT2) and 24 h (DT3), the number of down-regulated differential expressed genes (DEGs) increased with the progression of treatments indicating repressive impacts on transcriptomes by drought in both peanut varieties.

Conclusions
Nevertheless, NH5 maintained more stable transcriptomic dynamics than FH18. Furthermore, annotations of identified DEGs implicate signal transduction, the elimination of reactive oxygen species, and the maintenance of cell osmotic potential which are key drought-tolerance-related pathways. Finally, evidences from the examination of ABA and SA components suggested that the fast stomatal closure in NH5 was likely mediated through SA rather than ABA signaling. In all, these results have provided us a comprehensive overview of peanut drought-responsive transcriptomic changes, which could serve as solid foundation for further identification of the molecular drought-tolerance mechanism in peanut and other oil crops.
Conditional Pten knockout in parvalbumin- or somatostatin-positive neurons sufficiently leads to autism-related behavioral phenotypes
Authors: Shin Sangyep , Santi Andrea , Huang Shiyong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDisrupted GABAergic neurons have been extensively described in brain tissues from individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and animal models for ASD. However, the contribution of these aberrant inhibitory neurons to autism-related behavioral phenotypes is not well understood. We examined ASD-related behaviors in mice with conditional Pten knockout in parvalbumin (PV)-expressing or somatostatin (Sst)-expressing neurons, two common subtypes of GABAergic neurons. We found that mice with deletion of Pten in either PV-neurons or Sst-neurons displayed social deficits, repetitive behaviors and impaired motor coordination/learning. In addition, mice with one copy of Pten deletion in PV-neurons exhibited hyperlocomotion in novel open fields and home cages. We also examined anxiety behaviors and found that mice with Pten deletion in Sst-neurons displayed anxiety-like behaviors, while mice with Pten deletion in PV-neurons exhibited anxiolytic-like behaviors. These behavioral assessments demonstrate that Pten knockout in the subtype of inhibitory neurons sufficiently gives rise to ASD-core behaviors, providing evidence that both PV- and Sst-neurons may play a critical role in ASD symptoms.
External validation of multimodal termination of resuscitation rules for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in the COVID-19 era
Authors:   on behalf of the WinCOVID-19 consortium, Jung Haewon , Lee Mi Jin , Cho Jae Wan , Lee Sang Hun , Lee Suk Hee , Mun You Ho , Chung Han-sol , Kim Yang Hun , Kim Gyun Moo , Park Sin-youl , Jeon Jae Cheon , Kim Changho 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Futile resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 era can lead to risk of disease transmission and unnecessary transport. Various existing basic or advanced life support (BLS or ALS, respectively) rules for the termination of resuscitation (TOR) have been derived and validated in North America and Asian countries. This study aimed to evaluate the external validation of these rules in predicting the survival outcomes of OHCA patients in the COVID-19 era.

Methods
This was a multicenter observational study using the WinCOVID-19 Daegu registry data collected during February 18–March 31, 2020. The subjects were patients who showed cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac etiology. The outcomes of each rule were compared to the actual patient survival outcomes. The sensitivity, specificity, false positive value (FPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) of each TOR rule were evaluated.

Results
In total, 170 of the 184 OHCA patients were eligible and evaluated. TOR was recommended for 122 patients based on the international basic life support termination of resuscitation (BLS-TOR) rule, which showed 85% specificity, 74% sensitivity, 0.8% FPV, and 99% PPV for predicting unfavorable survival outcomes. When the traditional BLS-TOR rules and KoCARC TOR rule II were applied to our registry, one patient met the TOR criteria but survived at hospital discharge. With regard to the FPV (upper limit of 95% confidence interval < 5%), specificity (100%), and PPV (> 99%) criteria, only the KoCARC TOR rule I, which included a combination of three factors including not being witnessed by emergency medical technicians, presenting with an asystole at the scene, and not experiencing prehospital shock delivery or return of spontaneous circulation, was found to be superior to all other TOR rules.

Conclusion
Among the previous nine BLS and ALS TOR rules, KoCARC TOR rule I was most suitable for predicting poor survival outcomes and showed improved diagnostic performance. Further research on variations in resources and treatment protocols among facilities, regions, and cultures will be useful in determining the feasibility of TOR rules for COVID-19 patients worldwide.
Single-cell proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of macrophage heterogeneity using SCoPE2
Authors: Specht Harrison , Emmott Edward , Petelski Aleksandra A. , Huffman R. Gray , Perlman David H. , Serra Marco , Kharchenko Peter , Koller Antonius , Slavov Nikolai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Macrophages are innate immune cells with diverse functional and molecular phenotypes. This diversity is largely unexplored at the level of single-cell proteomes because of the limitations of quantitative single-cell protein analysis.

Results
To overcome this limitation, we develop SCoPE2, which substantially increases quantitative accuracy and throughput while lowering cost and hands-on time by introducing automated and miniaturized sample preparation. These advances enable us to analyze the emergence of cellular heterogeneity as homogeneous monocytes differentiate into macrophage-like cells in the absence of polarizing cytokines. SCoPE2 quantifies over 3042 proteins in 1490 single monocytes and macrophages in 10 days of instrument time, and the quantified proteins allow us to discern single cells by cell type. Furthermore, the data uncover a continuous gradient of proteome states for the macrophages, suggesting that macrophage heterogeneity may emerge in the absence of polarizing cytokines. Parallel measurements of transcripts by 10× Genomics suggest that our measurements sample 20-fold more protein copies than RNA copies per gene, and thus, SCoPE2 supports quantification with improved count statistics. This allowed exploring regulatory interactions, such as interactions between the tumor suppressor p53, its transcript, and the transcripts of genes regulated by p53.

Conclusions
Even in a homogeneous environment, macrophage proteomes are heterogeneous. This heterogeneity correlates to the inflammatory axis of classically and alternatively activated macrophages. Our methodology lays the foundation for automated and quantitative single-cell analysis of proteins by mass spectrometry and demonstrates the potential for inferring transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation from variability across single cells.
Under pressure: comparing in situ and boat tagging methods using time-to-event analyses
Authors: Keller Jessica A. , Morley Danielle , Herbig Jennifer L. , Barbera Paul , Feeley Michael W. , Acosta Alejandro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
With the increase in telemetry studies over the past decade, improving understanding of how different tagging methods influence the probability of presence in a receiver array is important in maximizing the resulting data. Disappearance from the array may be due to mortality from surgery complications, tag loss, predation, or emigration. Internally tagging fish on a boat can cause barotrauma injuries, increased stress from prolonged handling times, or predation after fish have been released back into the water. Conducting in situ internal acoustic tagging at depth of capture removes barotrauma stresses and simplifies the release method, which may improve fish survival and decrease risk of disappearance from the array. In this study, we used 8 years of acoustic tagging data to determine if the tagging method (in situ versus on the boat) influenced the likelihood of a fish being detected 4 and 6 days after the tagging event.

Results
At 6 days after tagging, Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed that the probability of presence for fish tagged on the boat was 66% compared to 90% for fish tagged in situ. Tagging method was the only variable to significantly affect probability of presence based on Cox proportional hazards models, with fish tagged in situ ~ 75% less likely to disappear from the array compared to fish tagged on the boat at both 4 and 6 days after tagging. Examining tagging methods separately, handling time only marginally influenced probability of presence of boat-tagged fish and no variables had a significant effect on probability of presence of in situ tagged fish.

Conclusions
In this study, tagging method was the only variable to significantly affect the probability of presence for internally tagged fish. Other factors had little to no influence, but correlation of variables limited what factors could be included in the models. Implanting internal acoustic tags in situ is not a practical method for every species and for every environment, but given the increased probability of presence demonstrated here, we strongly suggest it be considered where applicable.
Numerical prediction of sporadic E layer occurrence using GAIA
Authors: Shinagawa Hiroyuki , Tao Chihiro , Jin Hidekatsu , Miyoshi Yasunobu , Fujiwara Hitoshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA sporadic E layer has significant influence on radio communications and broadcasting, and predicting the occurrence of sporadic E layers is one of the most important issues in space weather forecast. While sporadic E layer occurrence and the magnitude of the critical sporadic E frequency (foEs) have clear seasonal variations, significant day-to-day variations as well as regional and temporal variations also occur. Because of the highly complex behavior of sporadic E layers, the prediction of sporadic E layer occurrence has been one of the most difficult issues in space weather forecast. To explore the possibility of numerically predicting sporadic E layer occurrence, we employed the whole atmosphere–ionosphere coupled model GAIA, examining parameters related to the formation of sporadic E layer such as vertical ions velocities and vertical ion convergences at different altitudes between 90 and 150 km. Those parameters in GAIA were compared with the observed foEs data obtained by ionosonde observations in Japan. Although the agreement is not very good in the present version of GAIA, the results suggest a possibility that sporadic E layer occurrence can be numerically predicted using the parameters derived from GAIA. We have recently developed a real-time GAIA simulation system that can predict atmosphere–ionosphere conditions for a few days ahead. We present an experimental prediction scheme and a preliminary result for predicting sporadic E layer occurrence.