bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilevel analysis concerning the relationship between social vulnerability and the healthy use of leisure time in children and adolescents in Argentina: A national population-based study
Authors: Moyano Daniela , Forclaz Zarina , Chaparro Raúl M. , Hernández-Vásquez Akram , Perovic Nilda R. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Leisure time is a human right and has to be considered part of any health promotion initiative aimed at children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between social vulnerability and the healthy use of leisure time in children and adolescents in urban contexts of Argentina, in 2012. Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study using data from the Module on Activities of Girls, Boys and Adolescents of the Annual Urban Household Survey was carried out. In this survey, a self-administered instrument was applied to 25,915 individuals aged from 5 to 17. A Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was developed. Association was estimated by multilevel logistic regression. Results: Children and adolescents use most of their leisure time to carry out school activities (90.1%) with art activities having the lowest percentage (21.8%). In the multilevel models on the relationship between a Moderate/High SVI and non-performance of art activities, the OR was 1.398 (p = 0.002, 95% CI: 1.251-1.561). The association between Moderate/High SVI and non-use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) gave an OR of 1.580 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.435-1.741), and between Moderate/High SVI and non-use of internet, an OR of 1.586 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.447-1.729). Conclusions: A Moderate/High SVI negatively impacts on some healthy activities of leisure time for children and adolescents in Argentina. The SVI could be a useful tool to guide health promotion initiatives in this population.
Case Report: Diagnostic challenge of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA)
Authors: Albasata Hanan , Alamri Maha M. , Almuhaidb Saud A. , Aljebreen Abdullah M. , Almaghrabia Reem S. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Severe COVID-19 is represented with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that requires mechanical ventilation. Moreover, recent studies are reporting invasive fungal infection associated with severe COVID-19. It is unclear whether the prescription of immunotherapies such as corticosteroids, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection itself is risk factor for COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). Hence, fungal infections present an additional uncertainty in managing COVID-19 patients and further compromise the outcome. Case study: Here we report a case of SARS-CoV-2 complicated by invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in a patient with no traditional risk factors for IPA. Admitted to ICU due to ARDS on mechanical ventilation, the patient deteriorated clinically with unexplained increased of fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) requirement from 50% to 80%. Investigations showed borderline serum galactomannan, nonspecific radiological findings reported to be atypical for COVID-19, and the respiratory sample grew Aspergillus spp. Main diagnosis: COVID-19 related fungal infection. The patient was treated with antifungal therapy for four weeks. He improved clinically after one week of starting antimicrobial treatment. After a prolonged ICU stay (87 days) due to infection control precaution, he was discharged from the ICU and moved to a long-term facility for further management and support. Conclusions: This case highlights the diagnostic challenge in such cases. and the importance of early recognition of CAPA which can optimize therapy by administration of appropriate antifungal agents that may impact mortality.
Application of action research in the field of healthcare: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Casey Mary , Coghlan David , Carroll Áine , Stokes Diarmuid , Roberts Kinley , Hynes Geralyn 
Published: May 2021

Background: Traditional research approaches are increasingly challenged in healthcare contexts as they produce abstract thinking rather than practical application. In this regard, action research is a growing area of popularity and interest, essentially because of its dual focus on theory and action. However, there is a need for action researchers not only to justify their research approach but also to demonstrate the quality of their empirical studies. Therefore, the authors set out to examine the current status of the quality of extant action research studies in healthcare to encourage improved scholarship in this area. The aim of this scoping review is to identify, explore and map the literature regarding the application of action research in either individual, group or organisational domains in any healthcare context. Methods: The systematic scoping review will search the literature within the databases of CINAHL, PubMed and ABI/Inform within the recent five-year period to investigate the scientific evidence of the quality of action research studies in healthcare contexts. The review will be guided by Arksey and O'Malley’s five mandatory steps, which have been updated and published online by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The review will follow the PRISMA-ScR framework guidelines to ensure the standard of the methodological and reporting approaches are exemplary. Conclusion: This paper outlines the protocol for an exploratory scoping review to systematically and comprehensively map out the evidence as to whether action research studies demonstrate explicitly how the essential factors of a comprehensive framework of action research are upheld. The review will summarise the evidence on the quality of current action research studies in healthcare. It is anticipated that the findings will inform future action researchers in designing studies to ensure the quality of the studies is upheld.
Patient perceptions of joint medical-surgical assessment in a tertiary referral clinic for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Iqbal Nusrat , Sackitey Charlene , Reza Lillian , Warusavitarne Janindra , Tozer Phil , Hart Ailsa 
Published: May 2021

Background Joint medical-surgical inflammatory bowel disease clinics allow simultaneous patient assessment by both a gastroenterologist and surgeon. However, patient perceptions of dual clinician presence have not been adequately assessed. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the patient's view of receiving multidisciplinary care in this clinic. Methods Patients attending the medical-surgical inflammatory bowel disease clinic completed questionnaires assessing their attitudes towards the clinic, their overall satisfaction and desired frequency of appointments. Results Responses were received from 44 patients, the majority of whom indicated that attendance at the joint medical-surgical clinical made them feel less anxious about their disease, provided consistent messages regarding their care and minimised the number of trips made to hospital. High levels of satisfaction were reported, with 43% stating they preferred joint clinic attendance for every appointment. Conclusions Effective inflammatory bowel disease management requires coordinated care across specialties. Simultaneous medical-surgical assessment has practical and emotional benefits, without making patients feel overburdened by the presence of more than one clinician. This supports the streamlining of care for patients with inflammatory bowel disease in specific clinical scenarios.
Real-time wide dynamic range spectrometer using a rapidly wavelength-switchable terahertz parametric source
Authors: Mine Sota , Kawase Kodo , Murate Kosuke 
Published: May 2021

In this study, we demonstrate real-time terahertz (THz) spectroscopy using a rapidly wavelength-switchable injection-seeded THz parametric generator. We developed a wavelength-switchable external cavity diode laser using a digital micromirror device as a seed source for the generator. We realized fast acquisition of THz spectra by switching the wavelength of the laser for each pump beam pulse. This system can rapidly switch wavelengths and easily increase the number of measurement wavelengths, and it also has a wide dynamic range, of more than 75 dB, and high stability. Furthermore, by combining this system with THz parametric detection, all wavelengths can be detected in a single frame using a near infrared camera for real-time reagent measurement.
The impact of portal vein tumor thrombosis on survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with different therapies: A cohort study
Authors: Mähringer-Kunz Aline , Steinle Verena , Kloeckner Roman , Schotten Sebastian , Hahn Felix , Schmidtmann Irene , Hinrichs Jan Bernd , Düber Christoph , Galle Peter Robert , Lang Hauke , Weinmann Arndt 
Published: May 2021

Background
Portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) is a frequent complication of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which leads to classification as advanced stage disease (regardless of the degree of PVTT) according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Classification. For such patients, systemic therapy is the standard of care. However, in clinical reality, many patients with PVTT undergo different treatments, such as resection, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT), or best supportive care (BSC). Here we examined whether patients benefited from such alternative therapies, according to the extent of PVTT.

Methods
This analysis included therapy-naïve patients with HCC and PVTT treated between January 2005 and December 2016. PVTT was classified according to the Liver Cancer study group of Japan as follows: Vp1 = segmental PV invasion; Vp2 = right anterior or posterior PV; Vp3 = right or left PV; Vp4 = main trunk. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed for each treatment subgroup considering the extent of PVTT. We performed Cox regression analysis with adjustment for possible confounders. To further attenuate selection bias, we applied propensity score weighting using the inverse probability of treatment weights.

Results
A total of 278 treatment-naïve patients with HCC and PVTT were included for analysis. The median observed OS in months for each treatment modality (resection, TACE/SIRT, sorafenib, BSC, respectively) was 32.4, 8.1, N/A, and 1.7 for Vp1; 10.7, 6.9, 5.5, and 1.2 for Vp2; 6.6, 7.5, 2.9, and 0.6 for Vp3; and 8.0, 3.6, 5.3, and 0.7 for Vp4. Thus, the median OS in the resection group in case of segmental PVTT (Vp1) was significantly longer compared to any other treatment group (all p values <0.01).

Conclusions
Treatment strategy for HCC with PVTT should not be limited to systemic therapy in general. The extent of PVTT should be considered when deciding on treatment alternatives. In patients with segmental PVTT (Vp1), resection should be evaluated.
Population-based incidence rates and increased risk of EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer in Māori and Pacifica in New Zealand
Authors: Aye Phyu Sin , McKeage Mark James , Tin Tin Sandar , Khwaounjoo Prashannata , Elwood J Mark 
Published: May 2021

Background
Non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutation benefit from targeted treatments. Previous studies reported EGFR mutation-positive proportions among tested non-squamous NSCLC patients. However, incidence rates and population risk of EGFR mutation-positive and EGFR mutation-negative non-squamous NSCLC have not been assessed. This study therefore aimed to estimate the population-based incidence rates of EGFR mutation-positive and EGFR mutation-negative non-squamous NSCLC in different population groups defined by sex, ethnic group and smoking status.

Methods
This study included data from all non-squamous NSCLC patients diagnosed in northern New Zealand between 1/02/2010 and 31/07/2017 (N = 3815), obtained from a population-based cancer registry. Age-specific incidence rates, WHO age-standardised rates (ASRs) and rates adjusted for incomplete testing were calculated for EGFR mutation-positive and EGFR mutation-negative diseases for the study cohort as a whole and subgroups of patients.

Results
Among 3815 patients, 45% were tested for EGFR mutations; 22.5% of those tested were EGFR mutation-positive. The ASR of EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC was 5.05 (95%CI 4.71–5.39) per 100,000 person-years. ASRs for EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC were higher for females than males: standardised incidence ratio (SIR) 1.50 (1.31–1.73); higher for Pacifica, Asians and Māori compared with New Zealand Europeans: SIRs 3.47 (2.48–4.85), 3.35 (2.62–4.28), and 2.02 (1.43–2.87), respectively; and, only slightly increased in ever-smokers compared with never-smokers: SIR 1.25 (1.02–1.53). In contrast, the ASR of EGFR mutation-negative NSCLC was 17.39 (16.75–18.02) per 100,000 person-years, showing a strong association with smoking; was higher for men; highest for Māori, followed by Pacifica and then New Zealand Europeans, and lowest for Asians. When corrected for incomplete testing, SIRs by sex, ethnicity and smoking, for both diseases, remained similar to those based on tested patients.

Conclusion
The population risk of EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC was significantly higher for Māori and Pacifica compared with New Zealand Europeans.
Incomplete Nature: How Mind Emerged from Matter, Terence W. Deacon (2011)
Authors: Petricini Tiffany 
Published: May 2021

Review of: Incomplete Nature: How Mind Emerged from Matter, Terence W. Deacon (2011)
New York: Norton, 624 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-39334-390-8, h/bk, $24.13, p/bk, $19.95, Kindle $9.99
Chercheur-communicant ou communicant-chercheur : un médiateur de communautés
Authors: Cotton Anne-Marie 
Published: May 2021

Comment composer avec les difficiles relations entre chercheurs et praticiens lorsqu’on réunit ces deux identités professionnelles en une seule et même personne ? Vise-t-on à élaborer des savoirs considérés comme scientifiques par la communauté des chercheurs ou comme exploitables par des praticiens pour décider de leur action (Déry, 1997) ? A qui adresser ses recherches pour acquérir soit la crédibilité (Arber, 2005), soit un certain prestige (Déry et Toulouse, 1994) ? Comment vivre la distanciation par rapport au travail quotidien et aux injonctions du temps court de l’action professionnelle versus le temps long de la réflexion académique ? Une meilleure mise en perspective des productions, une réelle transformation des théories et des analyses en connaissances opérationnelles permettent-elles de mettre les théories et les concepts à l’épreuve de leurs savoirs pratiques et inversément ces savoirs pratiques nourrissent-ils le travail épistémique (Avenier, 2004) ? Le vécu de quatorze chercheurs-communicants de 7 nationalités différentes illustre l’apport de la pratique à la recherche en SIC mais aussi les défis auxquels ils sont confrontés.
Quelle place pour la recherche dans l'apprentissage des métiers de la communication ?
Authors: De la Broise Patrice , Foli Olivia , Léonard Erika , Matuszak Céline , Saint-Georges Marie-Ève 
Published: May 2021

Sur la base d’une étude conduite en collaboration avec le CFA Formasup en région Hauts-de-France, il s’agit d’observer ce que « la recherche fait à l’apprentissage » et, réciproquement, ce que « l’apprentissage fait à la recherche » dans la diversité des projets pédagogiques en Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication et des besoins en recherche exprimés par les structures d’accueil. En bref, il s’agit d’apprécier les formes et la valeur ajoutée de la recherche dans les dispositifs de formation à la communication par voie d’apprentissage.
Indirect skill assessment using AI technology
Authors: TOUNTOPOULOU MARIA , Vlachaki Fotini , Daras Petros , Vretos Nicholas , Christoforidis Aristeidis 
Published: May 2021

In the new context of transitional, mobilised and globalised labour markets, an urgent need has emerged for meaningful assessment tools, methods and techniques to measure and recognize the workers’ skills. This paper aims to present a novel approach in skill assessment developed under NADINE H2020 project, the indirect skill assessment, as an alternative or supplement to the traditional selection methods. AI technology is utilised to facilitate the indirect skill assessment via two agnostic content serious games (Tetris and 2048), based on the evaluation of an individual’s performance in playing a game outside a situational judgement test (SJT) context. Novel datasets have been developed, comprised of game sessions and the corresponding skill assessments of the players through validated psychometric questionnaires, which were the basis for the algorithm training that would provide the estimation of a player’s skillset. The trained neural models for both games proved to have strong skill assessment capabilities, indicating that there is indeed a correlation between a person’s action sequence and his/her different skills.
A New Low-Activity Nuclear Density Gauge for Soil Density Measurements
Authors: Dep Linus , Troxler Robert E. , Sawyer James , Mwimba Sumuna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
For decades, nuclear density gauges have been used to measure the density and moisture content of soil during compaction testing in road and embankment construction. Worldwide regulatory agencies consider nuclear density gauges as controlled devices because of their inclusion of radioisotope sources. Regulatory requirements, such as the need for licensing, special storage, special transportation procedures, gauge operator training, and personal dosimetry, have become burdens for gauge users. Recently, a new nuclear density gauge for measuring soil wet density was declared exempt from licensing and other nuclear regulatory requirements in the United States. The new gauge uses an extremely low-activity radioisotope source. It further incorporates a separate probe operating on electromagnetic principles for soil moisture measurement or any other moisture measurement method the user desires. This paper presents the design features and measurement properties of this low-activity nuclear density gauge and its associated moisture probe. The measurement properties were determined from laboratory and field studies that were conducted in North Carolina, United States. These studies showed that the sensitivity and precision of wet density measurements made by the low-activity nuclear density gauge were similar to those made by a conventional nuclear density gauge. The wet density measurements made by the low-activity gauge and conventional gauge showed a strong correlation and agreement. For the two field sites studied, a silty sand subbase and a cement-treated aggregate base course, the dry density agreement between the low-activity nuclear density gauge/moisture probe and the conventional nuclear density gauge was within 3 lb/ft3 (48 kg/m3).
The Integrin Signaling Network Promotes Axon Regeneration via the Src–Ephexin–RhoA GTPase Signaling Axis
Authors: Sakai Yoshiki , Tsunekawa Mayuka , Ohta Kohei , Shimizu Tatsuhiro , Pastuhov Strahil , Hanafusa Hiroshi , Hisamoto Naoki , Matsumoto Kunihiro 
Published: May 2021

Axon regeneration is an evolutionarily conserved process essential for restoring the function of damaged neurons. InCaenorhabditis eleganshermaphrodites, initiation of axon regeneration is regulated by the RhoA GTPase–ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase)–regulatory nonmuscle myosin light-chain phosphorylation signaling pathway. However, the upstream mechanism that activates the RhoA pathway remains unknown. Here, we show that axon injury activates TLN-1/talin via the cAMP–Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP)–Rap GTPase cascade and that TLN-1 induces multiple downstream events, one of which is integrin inside-out activation, leading to the activation of the RhoA–ROCK signaling pathway. We found that the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src, a key mediator of integrin signaling, activates the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor EPHX-1/ephexin by phosphorylating the Tyr-568 residue in the autoinhibitory domain. Our results suggest that theC. elegansintegrin signaling network regulates axon regeneration via the Src–RhoGEF–RhoA axis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe ability of axons to regenerate after injury is governed by cell-intrinsic regeneration pathways. We have previously demonstrated that theCaenorhabditis elegansRhoA GTPase–ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase) pathway promotes axon regeneration by inducing MLC-4 phosphorylation. In this study, we found that axon injury activates TLN-1/talin through the cAMP–Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP)–Rap GTPase cascade, leading to integrin inside-out activation, which promotes axonal regeneration by activating the RhoA signaling pathway. In this pathway, SRC-1/Src acts downstream of integrin activation and subsequently activates EPHX-1/ephexin RhoGEF by phosphorylating the Tyr-568 residue in the autoinhibitory domain. Our results suggest that theC. elegansintegrin signaling network regulates axon regeneration via the Src–RhoGEF–RhoA axis.
Molecular characterization of ESBL- producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli recovered from urine samples of patients attending a University Teaching hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Adekanmbi Abimbola Olumide , Usidamen Sandra , Onilude Anthony Abiodun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInfection of the urinary tract ranks as one of the most common infections affecting people worldwide and its treatment is made complicated by the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to detect extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes and antibiotic resistance profile of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) recovered from patients attending a University Teaching hospital in Nigeria. Uropathogenic E. coli isolates were obtained from the culture collection of Department of Microbiology and Parasitology of the University Teaching hospital for a period of four months (October 2019–January, 2020). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the disc diffusion method while phenotypic ESBL production was detected using double disc synergy test (DDST). Detection of β-lactamase genes was done using Real-Time PCR. Forty-nine E. coli isolates were recovered from 120 urine samples, with 24 (49%) being ESBL positive. The resistance to antibiotics in the ESBL producers was: ciprofloxacin (100%), cefotaxime (100%), cefpodoxime (100%), tetracycline (95.7%), ceftazidime (56.7%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (50%), gentamicin (33.3%), and imipenem (0%). All the ESBL producers carried blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-9, 75% (18/24) carried blaSHV, while blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8 and blaCTX-M-25 groups were detected in 20.8% (5/24) of the isolates. There was co-occurrence of CTX-M, SHV and TEM β-lactamases in 79.2% (19/24) isolates, while five isolates (20.8%) co-harbored blaCTX-M and blaTEM. This study showed a high level of multidrug resistance and ESBL gene carriage in uropathogenic E. coli obtained in this study, suggesting a likely review of therapeutic options in the treatment of UTI to clamp down on the rising cases of antibiotic resistance.
The effect of varying specimens’ printing angles to the bed surface on the tensile strength of 3D-printed 17-4PH stainless-steels via metal FFF additive manufacturing
Authors: Alkindi Tawaddod , Alyammahi Mozah , Susantyoko Rahmat Agung , Atatreh Saleh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe fabricated 17-4PH stainless-steel specimens via Fused Filament Fabrication (metal FFF). Then, we studied the effect of varying specimens’ printing angles to the bed surface (part orientation) by analyzing the tensile test and scanning electron microscopy results. We found anisotropy, where specimens printed at 90° exhibited the lowest tensile-stress-at-maximum-load of 440.15 MPa and elongation-at-break of 0.83%, compared to specimens printed at 0° of 947.26 MPa and 2.98%, respectively. We recommend printing angles from 0° to 10° to achieve optimum tensile strengths. This study is significant in ensuring quality for the deployment and scale-up of spare-part production via metal FFF.
Graphic abstract