bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Management for Commercial‐Off‐The‐Shelf Parts Based Space Hardware
Authors: Herbert Eric , Sega Ronald , McGraw Jeanne , Bradley Thomas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCommercial‐Off‐the‐Shelf (COTS) parts use is a key strategy that the space industry is embracing to meet an ever‐increasing demand for space access and services. Integrating COTS parts into spacecraft architectures is beneficial in many aspects such as integrating modern technologies, reducing costs, improving reliability, accelerating payload fielding, and alleviating supply chain constraints. As COTS parts become more prevalent in spacecraft designs, there is a need to update risk management techniques used in the industry. A COTS centric risk management framework (RMF) does not exist nor do space hardware standards and policies provide detailed guidance. To address this systems engineering gap, this research developed a novel RMF that can be employed when trying to determine if candidate COTS parts are suitable for use in space hardware systems. The COTS parts RMF is a roadmap to identify uncertainties, analyze and evaluate the consequences, and how to mitigate COTS parts‐based space system hardware risks. Additionally, to demonstrate its utility, the techniques were placed into practice and validated during the development of a COTS‐based space‐rated battery built with COTS lithium‐ion cells. The risk evaluation process, developed based on the proposed COTS part RMF, was successfully used to uncover and mitigate cell and battery material and design issues. This work significantly improved the battery's performance without hampering the project's schedule, cost, and fielding objectives. The results illustrate the characteristics and benefits of using a focused COTS parts RMF to design, build, and qualify COTS‐based space system hardware.
Coleus vettiveroides Root Extract Protects Against Thioacetamide‐Induced Chronic Liver Injury by Inhibiting NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Mohamed Azar Kadmad Abdul Hameed , Ezhilarasan Devaraj , Karthick Munusamy , Shree Harini Karthik , Kumar Venkatesan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe roots of Coleus vettiveroides (CV) have been traditionally used in Indian medicinal systems such as Ayurveda and Siddha for its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. This study examines the antifibrotic potential of CV ethanolic root extract (CVERE) against thioacetamide (TAA)‐induced liver fibrosis in Wistar rats. TAA was administered via i.p., thrice weekly for 11 weeks to induce liver fibrosis in rats. In separate groups, rats were administered with TAA and were concurrently treated with CVERE 125 mg/kg, CVERE 250 mg/kg, and silymarin (SIL) 100 mg/kg. Liver marker enzymes of hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress markers, proinflammatory marker gene expression (TNF‐α, NF‐κB, COX, and ILs), fibrotic marker gene expression (collagen I and III), immune histochemical expression of fibrosis marker proteins, and histopathologic changes were analyzed. TAA administration led to a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the serum level of hepatotoxic marker enzymes. The TAA‐treated group showed higher levels (p < 0.001) of MDA and reduced activities of SOD and CAT in the liver. TAA administration increased CYP2E1 expression, proinflammatory, and fibrotic marker gene expressions in rat liver. The histopathology of the liver confirms TAA‐induced architectural distortion and fibrotic changes. CVERE and SIL simultaneous treatments significantly protected against TAA‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver fibrosis. In conclusion, CVERE inhibited TAA‐induced liver fibrosis through downregulation of TAA metabolic activation, redox imbalance, and inflammation through repression of the NF‐κB pathway.
Monitoring dynamic water content, bulk density, and heat and water fluxes in the critical zone with thermo‐time domain reflectometry sensors
Authors: Lu Yili , Liu Yutong , Peng Wei , Fu Yongwei , Ren Tusheng , Heitman Joshua , Horton Robert 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA thermo‐time domain reflectometry (thermo‐TDR) sensor combines a heat‐pulse sensor with a TDR waveguide to simultaneously measure coupled processes of water, heat, and solute transfer. The sensor can provide repeated in situ measurements of several soil state properties (temperature, soil water content, and ice content), thermal properties (thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, heat capacity), and electromagnetic properties (dielectric constant and bulk electrical conductivity) with minimal soil disturbance. Combined with physical or empirical models, structural indicators, such as bulk density and air‐filled porosity, can be derived from measured soil thermal and electrical properties. Successful applications are available to determine fine‐scale heat, water, and vapor fluxes with thermo‐TDR sensors. Applications of thermo‐TDR sensors in complicated scenarios, such as heterogeneous root zones and saline environments, are also possible. Therefore, the multi‐functional uses of thermo‐TDR sensors are invaluable for in situ observations of several soil physical properties and processes in critical zone soils.
Numerical analysis of unconditional positivity‐preserving method for age‐structured HIV models with antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Yan Tianhao , Chen Zhijie , Yang Zhanwen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCurrently, HIV is becoming an important topic in disease research and antiretroviral therapy (RT) has been widely used as a reliable treatment. Considering the significance of T cell duration of infection in the RT, we develop a fully implicit numerical method for non‐linear age‐structured HIV models to evaluate the impact of various therapies on the state of illness and system equilibrium in this paper. It is proved that such a numerical method unconditionally preserves the positivity (namely the biological meanings). Based on RT, the boundedness of the exact solutions in any finite time interval is investigated through the virus satisfies integro‐differential equations. Moreover, with the study of the uniform boundedness of numerical solutions, it is shown that the numerical solutions converge to the exact ones with accuracy of order 1. Meanwhile, the key contribution of this paper is the numerical replication of the long‐time behavior for HIV models. In detail, a numerical threshold, a numerical basic reproduction number , is obtained in the sense that the disease‐free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable for and the existence and stability of the numerical epidemic equilibrium are also presented for . Definitely, the numerical basic reproduction number is not a quadrature to the exact one, but its 1‐order convergence is also discussed in a similar approach. Therefore, by numerical experiments, we illustrate the asymptotic behaviors in different protease inhibitors. Further, we show the effect of RT on the basic reproduction number to reveal such asymptotic stability may transform with different therapies.
Assessment of the Tropospheric Delay Coefficients at Co-located Sites with VGOS and GNSS
Authors: Walenta Anastasiia , Flohrer Claudia , Thaller Daniela , Dach Rolf , Schaer Stefan , Engelhardt Gerald , Ullrich Dieter 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn assessment of the tropospheric parameters independently derived from the analysis of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) data serves as a cross-validation of the two space geodetic techniques on the parameter level. Time series of the tropospheric parameters are studied for the most frequently observed VLBI stations at 7 co-located sites covering a time span between 2019 and middle of 2023. These sites are equipped in total with 10 small and fast-slewing antennas that have been specifically built to satisfy the concept of the VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS). Next to the VGOS antennas, 5 legacy VLBI antennas are located providing an additional source of the VLBI observations for comparison. VLBI conducts observations on a session-wise basis of 24 hours at least twice a week, whereas GNSS observes continuously. As a consequence, the paired tropospheric parameters are restricted to epochs where VLBI data are available. The closest GNSS receivers are chosen next the VGOS or VLBI antennas to ensure the same path propagation delays. For the sake of a meaningful comparison, the parameterization of the troposphere is homogenized between the two techniques in favor of the VLBI analysis: the VLBI observations are scheduled to provide even sky-coverage within every hour. After omitting modelled offsets between the reference points of the VLBI and GNSS antennas expected due to the height differences, the obtained tropospheric estimates of two independent techniques show a good agreement level, which lays within their scatter. The remaining tropospheric variations are averaged at the level of 4-6 mm in terms of root mean square differences. A larger scatter of these tropospheric variations is obtained for a few stations at the level between 8–10 mm. These extreme cases can be explained by specific issues at each individual station, i.e. the short paired time series.
Challenges in Parallel Matrix Chain Multiplication
Authors: Nissim Roy , Schwartz Oded , Shabo Reut 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMatrix chain multiplication is widely used in high-performance computing environments. Different parenthesis assignments, which determine the multiplication order, produce the same output but may significantly affect the runtime. Thus, finding the optimal parentheses assignment is crucial. Several algorithms, such as Godbole (1973) and Hu & Shing (1982), have been proposed to address this optimization problem. However, they only focus on minimizing arithmetic operations and disregard inter-processor communication. In many cases, the inter-processor communication cost dominates the total runtime, which makes existing algorithms sub-optimal. Schwartz and Weiss (2019) generalized Godbole’s algorithm to support fast (sub-cubic) matrix multiplication algorithms and demonstrated cases where optimizing arithmetic cost leads to sub-optimal communication cost and vice-versa. We extend their work and show that the runtime of a chain multiplication with a given parentheses assignment additionally depends on processor allocation and available resources. We present a parentheses assignment algorithm that minimizes the total runtime and outperforms previous techniques by a factor of $$\varOmega \left( t^{\frac{1}{3}} \right) $$

Ω

t

1
3

(where t is the chain size). Moreover, our algorithm demonstrates up to 7.8x speedup in simulations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that discusses resource allocation in the context of matrix chain multiplication.
Fabrication of Media-Tight Connections Between Metal and Plastics Using HyJOIN® Technology
Authors: Klotzbach Annett , Hossain Mosarouf , Luong Dieter , Götze Philipp 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThermal direct joining with hyJOIN® enables quick and reliable connections between metal and plastics without any additional material like screws, rivets or adhesives. Due to its reversibility, it facilitates the implementation of new repair and recycling strategies while at the same time minimizing the consumption of resources.During joining the parts are pressed together. At the same time, electromagnetically induced eddy currents heat the metal. The plastics softens in the contact area and binds to the metal surface during cooling. As plastics often adhere poorly to metal, the surface is structured or coated during a pre-process.Within the paper the hyJOIN® process is applied to generate media-tight connections between metal and plastics. To analyze the connection performance a burst pressure test specimen, made of an aluminum plate and a glass fiber reinforced PA6 plastic container, was developed. During the feasibility study the influence of interface design and joining process parameter to tightness and burst pressure level was evaluated. The main results will be shown in this paper. Finally, the transfer of the process knowledge to new, compact and easy to recycle hybrid part designs will be discussed. hyJOIN® systems thus offers the possibility for innovative and smart production.
Life Cycle Assessment of End-Of-Life Scenarios for an Automotive Hybrid Component
Authors: Wanielik Felix , Weise Sebastian , Herrmann Christoph 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHybrid lightweight components, e.g., made of glass fibre reinforced plastics and steel, have the potential to reduce the environmental impacts during the use-phase of automotive vehicles. However, the end-of-life (EoL) of lightweight materials such as glass fibre reinforced plastics still poses a challenge, since material separation is challenging and no consequent recycling system is established, as it is e.g., for steel. Furthermore, the application of secondary materials can reduce the environmental impacts in the raw material stage. These aspects lead to uncertainty about the EoL impacts of such hybrid components. In order to assess the environmental impact of automotive components, the EoL is a relevant life cycle stage and should be included in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies. To do so, it is required to define possible recycling scenarios and applications of the recycled material to enable a calculation of different EoL routes. This approach is demonstrated within this paper, by defining multiple recycling routes of a hybrid lightweight component, depending on the depth of disassembly and calculating the environmental impacts of these different EoL routes through LCA.
Automated Production of Mycelium-Based Composite Products Using the Fibre Injection Moulding Process
Authors: Mangold Simon , Mehner Malte , Ströhle Moritz , Kist Sebastian , Kößler Florian , Fleischer Jürgen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe production of plastics has increased exponentially in the past two decades, with packaging making up a large portion of usage. Environmental concerns have surged due to the disposal of plastic waste, with only a small percentage being recycled while the rest is either burned or ending up in landfills. As a result, there is a growing need for alternatives, including biodegradable materials like mycelium, the structural part of fungi. While mycelium holds promise for technical applications, the manufacturing process is mainly manual, which hampers efficiency and scaling to large scale series applications. Therefore, automating the manufacturing process of mycelium-based products has the potential to improve precision, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of the manufacturing. One potential method of automation is the Fiber Injection Molding (FIM) process. The characteristics of this process is the injection of a mixture of structural fibers and a thermoplastic binder into a mold by means of a large volume airflow. This study aims to investigate the applicability of the FIM process for manufacturing natural products bound by mycelium and the required adaptions to an existing plant, using two different types of fungal spores, namely Trametes Versicolor and Pleurotus Ostreatus. The spores were grown on fibers of hemp, straw, and wood and form-filling was conducted via FIM. The results of the study include a summary of the challenges faced when using FIM for manufacturing mycelium-based products, optimized process parameters and concepts for adapted machinery equipment. The study found that FIM is a suitable method for producing mycelium-based products, and the optimal process parameters varied depending on the type of fungal spores and fiber used. However, the study also identifies some challenges, such as the transportation of materials in the large airflow. In conclusion, the FIM process can be used to manufacture mycelium-based products effectively.
Cancers not detected in one-view breast tomosynthesis screening—characteristics and reasons for non-detection
Authors: Johnson Kristin , Ikeda Debra M. , Andersson Ingvar , Zackrisson Sophia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Limited understanding exists regarding non-detected cancers in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening. This study aims to classify non-detected cancers into true or false negatives, compare them with true positives, and analyze reasons for non-detection.

Materials and methods
Conducted between 2010 and 2015, the prospective single-center Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial (MBTST) compared one-view DBT and two-view digital mammography (DM). Cancers not detected by DBT, i.e., interval cancers, those detected in the next screening round, and those only identified by DM, underwent a retrospective informed review by in total four breast radiologists. Reviewers classified cancers into true negative, false negative, or non-visible based on both DBT and DM findings and assessed radiographic appearances at screening and diagnosis, breast density, and reasons for non-detection. Statistics included the Pearson X2 test.

Results
In total, 89 cancers were not detected with DBT in the MBTST; eight cancers were solely in the DM reading mode, 59 during subsequent DM screening rounds, and 22 interval cancers. The proportion of cancers classified as false negative was 25% (22/89) based on DBT, compared with 18% (14/81) based on DM screening. The primary reason for false negatives was normal-appearing density, 50% (11/22). False negatives exhibited lower rates of high breast density, 36% (8/22), compared with true positives, 61% (78/129), p = 0.04, and spiculated densities were less frequent in false negatives, 41% (9/22) compared with true positives, 68% (88/129), p = 0.01.

Conclusion
False negatives in one-view DBT screening commonly presented with spiculated features, but less frequently than true positives, and were missed or misinterpreted due to benign appearances.

Key Points
QuestionCancers not detected in digital breast tomosynthesis screening, including false negatives, remain partly unexplored.
FindingsThe most common reason behind false-negative cancers in a large screening trial was a normal-appearing density.
Clinical relevanceRecognizing the factors contributing to false negative findings in digital breast tomosynthesis screening is essential to further improve cancer detection.

Graphical Abstract
CT-based clinical-radiomics model to predict progression and drive clinical applicability in locally advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Bruixola Gema , Dualde-Beltrán Delfina , Jimenez-Pastor Ana , Nogué Anna , Bellvís Fuensanta , Fuster-Matanzo Almudena , Alfaro-Cervelló Clara , Grimalt Nuria , Salhab-Ibáñez Nader , Escorihuela Vicente , Iglesias María Eugenia , Maroñas María , Alberich-Bayarri Ángel , Cervantes Andrés , Tarazona Noelia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Definitive chemoradiation is the primary treatment for locally advanced head and neck carcinoma (LAHNSCC). Optimising outcome predictions requires validated biomarkers, since TNM8 and HPV could have limitations. Radiomics may enhance risk stratification.

Methods
This single-centre observational study collected clinical data and baseline CT scans from 171 LAHNSCC patients treated with chemoradiation. The dataset was divided into training (80%) and test (20%) sets, with a 5-fold cross-validation on the training set. Researchers extracted 108 radiomics features from each primary tumour and applied survival analysis and classification models to predict progression-free survival (PFS) and 5-year progression, respectively. Performance was evaluated using inverse probability of censoring weights and c-index for the PFS model and AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the 5-year progression model. Feature importance was measured by the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method and patient stratification was assessed through Kaplan–Meier curves.

Results
The final dataset included 171 LAHNSCC patients, with 53% experiencing disease progression at 5 years. The random survival forest model best predicted PFS, with an AUC of 0.64 and CI of 0.66 on the test set, highlighting 4 radiomics features and TNM8 as significant contributors. It successfully stratified patients into low and high-risk groups (log-rank p < 0.005). The extreme gradient boosting model most effectively predicted a 5-year progression, incorporating 12 radiomics features and four clinical variables, achieving an AUC of 0.74, sensitivity of 0.53, specificity of 0.81, and accuracy of 0.66 on the test set.

Conclusion
The combined clinical-radiomics model improved the standard TNM8 and clinical variables in predicting 5-year progression though further validation is necessary.

Key Points
QuestionThere is an unmet need for non-invasive biomarkers to guide treatment in locally advanced head and neck cancer.
FindingsClinical data (TNM8 staging, primary tumour site, age, and smoking) plus radiomics improved 5-year progression prediction compared with the clinical comprehensive model or TNM staging alone.
Clinical relevanceSHAP simplifies complex machine learning radiomics models for clinicians by using easy-to-understand graphical representations, promoting explainability.
Cancer-related pain in long-term survivors of oncological diseases: results of a survey on the current care situation
Authors: Hofbauer H. , Kieselbach K. , Wirz S. , Bundscherer A. , Stamer U. M. , Rapp F. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The increasing survival rates of oncology patients have led to a corresponding increase in long-time survivors living with chronic cancer-related pain. Data is scarce on the care situation for this distinct clinical entity and on specific therapy requirements, such as interdisciplinary, multimodal pain therapy (IMPT). Our cross-sectional study aimed to assess the current care situation, distinct chronification factors, and optimization potential. This survey addresses this need in Germany, but also provides results with international implications.

Methods
Via an online survey, German Pain Society members involved in the treatment of long-time survivors with chronic cancer-related pain assessed the current care situation, chronification factors, specific treatment needs, and the required practitioner’s expertise. The German Pain Society’s Cancer Pain Working Group created the non-validated questionnaire using the Delphi method.

Results
One hundred fifty-nine Pain Society members across 70% of Germany’s postal regions answered our survey. Respondents (primarily physicians, and 75% with + 6 years of experience) assessed the care situation as worse for chronic cancer-related pain compared to acute pain. Only 10% of the sites provided specific therapy for chronic cancer-related pain (mostly via outpatient treatment). Compared to non-cancer-related pain, additional, cancer-specific chronification factors were assumed, especially at psychological levels, and these need incorporating into therapies. A majority of practitioners recommended cancer-specific IMPT and specific pain expertise for this distinct clinical entity.

Conclusions
Members from the German Pain Society assume that there are relevant deficits in the care of long-term survivors with chronic cancer-related pain. The situation may be assessed differently by other groups, e.g., oncologists, and the data relates to Germany. Nevertheless, considering the raising survival rates, it can be supposed that there is reason to be concerned about an increasing care deficit. Thus, besides expanding the range of available treatment and raising awareness, IMPT with specially trained personnel should be developed to address the care needs of cancer survivors experiencing chronic cancer-related pain.