bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Prototype Based Design: Philosophy and Implementation
Authors: Mao Quan , Qin Jing , Zhang Xinfang , Zhou Ji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the philosophy of case prototype based design is proposed. The system architecture of CascDEST which is an embodiment of this philosophy are presented in the paper, also an algorithm of neural network based analogical case retrieval and a strategy of constraint networks based object scheme evaluation and modification are described in details. Finally, an application of CascDEST in three series industrial steam turbine design is presented.
Interpreting Feature Viewpoints for Concurrent Engineering
Authors: Fu Z. , Nee A. Y. C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Concurrent (or simultaneous) engineering has recently been proposed as a potential means to improve the product development practice. It requires the product life-cycle aspects such as manufacturing requirements to be considered during the stages of designing a part so that the design feedback on the manufacturability, assemblability and so on can be provided to the designers. To support this purpose needs the integration of geometric models, analysis and synthesis tools as well as domain knowledge while the design is in progress.
In the past few years, the concept of features has received significant attentions in the context of design and manufacturing automation. However, the application of features is currently limited, mainly due to the domain-dependent nature of features. A crucial problem has been the interpretation of multiple feature viewpoints, particularly, the conversion among feature representations, that is to support the reasoning about feature-based representations of a product design from a specific perspective and their interpretation. In this paper, important engineering perspectives and related feature-based representations supporting concurrent design and manufacturing have been identified. A methodology of interpreting different feature representations has been proposed based on a coupling between grammatical formalism and knowledge-based inference. A case study of applying this methodology to the conversion from design features based representation into representations suitable for machining process planning is reported.
Preliminary Phase in Cell Level Modelling
Authors: Jin J. Q. , Franks I. T. , Loftus M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the need to add a preliminary phase to cell level modelling. It is accepted that the Cell level plays an important role within a CIM structure. To assist implementation and research into cell systems, an appropriate modelling technology is required. However, existing modelling methods are not sufficiently adequate. A consolidated approach towards cell level modelling is desirable. Requirements capture and representation is one of the most critical processes in system modelling. The proposed modelling phase is considered as an enabling mechanism through which improved communication between system modellers and users, and consequently better representation of users requirement, can be achieved. This paper discusses the need for a preliminary phase of cell level modelling, especially at the requirements analysis stage of the system life cycle. The essential constituents of this phase are discussed. A partial method, specially designed for the modelling process in this strategy, is briefly introduced.
Computer Aided Local Modifications for the Transition From Part Design to Die Design
Authors: Lu Shao-Chiung , Miller R. Allen , Kinzel Gary L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For a consistent die casting product design database, the die geometry should be generated from and be associated with the original part design. However, the original part design must be modified to include several process specific features, e.g. parting line, drafts, and rounds/fillets, before the creation of the die cavity. This paper deals with the incorporation of automatic/semi-automatic geometric modifications with drafts and rounds/fillets in a CAD system to smooth the transition from part design to die design. The underlying physical concerns behind these local geometric modifications are studied. The significant geometric characteristics in determining the appropriate size of drafts and rounds/fillets are then identified and extracted with geometric reasoning methods. This paper also presents the problems should be noted in applying these modifications to a die casting design.
Effective Properties of 3D Laminated Composites for Finite Element Applications
Authors: Alexander Amos , Tzeng Jerome T. , Drysdale William H. , Burns Bruce P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A model has been developed to compute the effective properties for an arbitrarily shaped element with multiple anisotropic material regions. The analysis utilizes a finite element technique to resolve the complexity of three-dimensional layer geometry, anisotropy, ply orientations, and multi-material regions within an element. Accordingly, the model accounts for complex geometries requiring changes in mesh density and/or arbitrarily shaped elements that cannot be readily aligned with the layers of the laminate. Discontinuity due to ply drop-off or layer terminations within an element is also considered. The computed elastic constants are accurate, especially for the transverse shear properties. The analysis is particularly suitable for finite element applications of near-net shaped thick-section structures. A pre-processor was developed incorporating the effective property model to allow for generation of finite element representations for computer codes such as DYNA3D and ABAQUS.
An Efficient Numerical Method for Dynamic Interaction Analysis of High-Speed Shinkansen Vehicles, Rail, and Bridge
Authors: Tanabe Makoto , Wakui Hajime , Matsumoto Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a finite element formulation to solve for the combined dynamic behavior of Shinkansen (bullet train) vehicles, irregular rails, and bridges. A mechanical model for interactions between a wheel and an irregular rail is discussed. The bridge is modeled by use of various finite elements. An efficient numerical method, based on modal analysis and exact time integration, is described for solving the nonlinear equations of motion of the Shinkansen vehicle and bridge. The convergence of the exact time integration scheme is discussed and compared with a previous numerical time integration scheme.
A finite element computer program has been developed to analyze the dynamic response of Shinkansen vehicles operating at high speed over irregular rails and a bridge. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the present approach.
A General Finite Element Approach for Porous and Non-Porous Metal-Forming Processes
Authors: Sudhakar B. , Jackson John E. , Rule William K. , Haque Imtiaz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A rigid-viscoplastic finite element flow formulation based on the Doraivelu et al. constitutive equation for a porous material is presented. The plasticity equations developed were incorporated into a two-dimensional Eulerian-based finite element code, CFORM. The code predicts the principal variables involved in powder metal forging. Numerical tests performed with the simulation of porous and non-porous materials using this formulation showed good agreement with results from other researchers. Results of this study demonstrate the flexibility of this flow formulation approach in simulating forging for both porous and non-porous materials.
3-D Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of an Armored Vehicle Hull With Multiple Access Openings
Authors: Gupta Aaron D. , Santiago Joseph M. , Meyer Christopher 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A 3-D finite element model of a bare aluminum vehicle hull with multiple access openings for the driver’s hatch, the commander’s cupola, engine access opening, exhaust grills, cargo hatch, as well as rear door cutout, representing the basic hull of the Armored Personnel Carrier (APC) M113A2 was generated using PATRAN 3 pre/post-processor program. Frequencies and modeshapes obtained using the ADINA finite element code were compared with available experimental modal analysis data for the metallic hull.
A Surface Interpolation Scheme Based on the Theory of Conjugate Surfaces
Authors: Chen Chih-Hsin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A surface interpolation scheme is described for interpolating an array of knot points and normals. The scheme is based on the generation of interpolation surface patches by envelopment of a moving base plane which is fixed in the end effector of a robot of two revolute pairs and one prismatic pair. The initial values, the control values, and the interpolation functions of the robot motion are discussed. The equations for determining the geometrical values of an interpolation point are derived with the aid of the theory of conjugate surfaces, and are arranged in order of the corresponding algorithm. The continuity between neighboring interpolation surface patches is proved to be C1.5. The feasibility of improving the continuity by adjusting the control values of the robot motion is investigated.
On the Finite Element Solution of Fractional Contact Problems Using Variational Inequalities
Authors: Refaat M. H. , Meguid S. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article is devoted to the development and implementation of a variational inequalities approach to treat the general frictional contact problem. Unlike earlier studies which adopt penalty methods, the current investigation uses Quadratic Programming and Lagrange’s multipliers to solve the frictional contact problem and to identify the candidate contact surface. The proposed method avoids the use of user defined penalty parameters, which ultimately govern the convergence and accuracy of the solution. To establish the validity of the method, a number of test cases are examined and compared with existing solutions where penalty methods are employed.
Influence of PVC on the Product Composition of Solid Waste During Thermal Destruction
Authors: Gupta A. K. , Ilanchezhian E. , Keating E. L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Equilibrium thermochemical calculations of a mixture of non-plastic and plastic surrogate solid waste are presented here under conditions of pyrolysis and combustion. The non-plastic waste is assumed to be cellulose while the plastic waste constituents contained the following different kinds of materials: polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene tetraphthalic, nylon, latex in the form of rubber, polyurethane, acetate and cellophane. The cellulose represents organic portion of the waste such as paper and cardboard. The mole fractions of different stable and unstable compounds formed during pyrolysis are significantly affected by the chemical properties of the waste. In general the amount of CO and H2O was found to remain very high at temperatures up to 2000K. while the CO2, H2O and CH4 decreased with the increase in temperature. The general trend with combustion at different mole fractions of oxygen was to achieve an increase of CO2, H2O, NO and NO2 while the concentrations of CH4, H2, CO and HCl showed a systematic decrease. The concentration and amount to different compounds formed were significantly affected with the amount of air and the chemical nature of the waste. The adiabatic flame temperature is significantly affected by the chemical composition of the plastic under conditions of combustion in air. Plastics yield significantly higher temperatures than the mixture of plastic and non-plastic waste. Experimental results showed good trend with the calculated results. Pyrolysis of waste at higher temperatures followed by combustion of resulting gases yield higher flame temperature and provides excess enthalpy of flames. The results show significant effect of controlled combustion on the amount and nature of chemical species formed as well as the subsequent flame temperature. This information can assist in developing strategies in the design and operation of facilities being used for the permanent disposal of wastes containing varying amounts of plastics.
Storage of Spatial Data in Semantic Databases
Authors: Rishe Naphtali , Li Qiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes how the semantic binary database model [Rishe-92-DDS] and its implementation [Rishe-91-FS] are extended to represent spatial data: functions over multi-dimensional space, e.g. the ocean temperature as a function of the four-dimensional space-time. The implementation, utilizing extended linear quad-trees, is compact in storage and allows efficient resolution of queries.
The Control of Multi-Bending: A Flexible Method to Fabricate Complex Structural Parts
Authors: Luo Jack X. , Stelson Kim A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The CNC multi-axis bending process can achieve high productivity and flexibility over conventional forming processes for fabricating long slender structural components of arbitrary shape. However, generating a CNC program to produce an accurate part shape is currently a laborious procedure involving trial-and-error by the machine operator. A systematic method has been developed to replace the manual control method and increase the dimensional accuracy. The concept of an intrinsic representation from differential geometry is applied as a basis to represent the part shape and develop the process model. The feedback control is derived from two transfer functions that represent the bending and twisting processes. By applying shape errors to the inverse transfer functions, incremental control commands can be determined and used to improve the control performance. Experimental results have demonstrated that shape errors decrease on subsequent iterations.
Orientation and Trajectory Determination for a Robot With a Laser Distance-Meter As End Effector
Authors: Chiang Luciano E. , Stamm Eugenio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the design and implementation of a robot system with a laser distance-meter as end-effector. Used to determine wear in large mining equipment by measuring the distance to selected target points, this particular configuration poses a special inverse kinematics problem which is solved using a parametric line formulation. The non-linear resulting system of equations is solved by a Newton-Raphson algorithm and thus the correct joint coordinates for any given target point are obtained.
Restructuring Applied Thermodynamics: Exploratory Thermodynamics
Authors: Morse John S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A graphical method is proposed for removing the “drudge work” of looking up property values and solving the conservation equations and second law in an Applied Thermodynamics course. The vehicle used is VisSim simulation software. The method requires the student to perform the thermodynamic analysis and set up the equations, but the computer finds the property values and solves the equations. This concept allows the student to explore various aspects of the topics covered in such a course, including power and refrigeration cycles, mixtures and psychrometrics, and combustion and equilibrium. Substantial design type problems can be solved easily, as can complicated analyses that are too difficult and time consuming for traditional solution methods.
Quantifying the House of Quality for Optimal Product Design
Authors: Locascio Angela , Thurston Deborah L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Manufacturers seek to improve the quality of their products while reducing costs and decreasing production time. In this paper, we describe a ‘design for X’ methodology that addresses multiple issues that contribute to overall product quality. This methodology builds on the popular House of Quality symbolic construct by using customer preferences and a transformation of the customer -engineering relationship matrix to form constraints on the feasible design space. Multiattribute Utility Theory, a decision analysis tool, provides the mathematical basis to model competing design goals simultaneously and to make rational decisions to affect overall design improvement. When coupled with the constraints, this construct completes a mathematical programming model of the concurrent design problem. With an example, we demonstrate how to extract qualitative information from the House of Quality, formulate the model, and solve it to determine the best design — defined as the optimum combination of multiple quality attributes. This methodology provides a formal framework for decision making in design, allowing manufacturers to Design for Quality.
Abstractions, Design Views and Focusing
Authors: Hoover Stephen P. , Rinderle James R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Abstractions serve to reduce the complexity of the design process by providing a simple yet still useful representation of the design. Abstractions change one or all of the focus, resolution and accuracy of the design representation. Focusing abstractions direct the designer’s attention to fundamental relationships amongst design variables and requirements. The process of forming focusing abstractions incorporates the design relations and variables that are of concern to the designer, while mitigating the complexity of the resulting design view for the designer. The complexity is minimized by reducing the number of variables and relations considered simultaneously. This is done in a manner which allows the designer to determine the need for further refinements in configuration, to make parametric decisions, and to identify critical design relationships. The appropriate use of focusing abstractions can improve both the design process and the final design. Several basic approaches to creating focusing abstractions are described and one method, based upon Gröbner Bases, is developed in detail. This method is appropriate for a design object representation consisting of parametric constraints represented as sets of polynomial equations. This approach is demonstrated within the context of a sample electro-mechanical design problem, a cordless screwdriver.
Issues Critical to the Development of Design History, Design Rationale and Design Intent Systems
Authors: Ullman David G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Design is the evolution of information. This evolution usually begins with an ill-defined need for a product and ends with exact specifications for production, use and retirement or recycling. A number of researchers have hypothesized that capture and reuse of this evolving information has potential for improving the design process and the reuse of design information. Published work has used the terms design history, design rationale, design intent and corporate memory to describe the systems that manage the capture, storage and query of the evolving information. The development of these systems depends on attention to 13 outstanding issues identified in this paper.
Performance Representation in Case-Based Design
Authors: Michelena Nestor , Sycara Katia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reuse of prior design experience allows an engineer to save design time, by leveraging off previous work-out solutions, and to avoid repeating past mistakes, by accessing information on manufacturing or field failures. Indexing and retrieving of design cases is efficiently done based on qualitative descriptions of the behavior specification of a device. Qualitative influences has been used for behavior representation and reasoning since they allow behavior decomposition and synthesis of design parts taken from different contexts. Thus, innovative new designs are generated. However, a drawback of this kind of high-level abstractions is that important performance information contained in design specifications is not taken into account. In this article, performance information such as ranges of operation and types of response are added to the qualitative behavior representation. Higher-order behavior representations are also studied. Reasoning mechanisms are accordingly extended for index generation and retrieval of previous designs. As a result of considering performance information, the number of synthesized designs not performing according to specification can be reduced. Analysis and simulation time spent in design verification is, thereby, also reduced.
Creating an Advanced Collaborative Open Resource Network
Authors: Coyne Robert , Finger Susan , Konda Suresh , Monarch Ira , Prinz Friedrich B. , Siewiorek Daniel P. , Subrahmanian Eswaran , Tenenbaum J. Marty , Weber Jay , Cutkosky Mark , Leifer Larry J. , Bajcsy Ruzena , Koivunen Visa , Birmingham William 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Carnegie Mellon, in collaboration with several other universities and companies, is beginning to develop ACORN, an Advanced Collaborative Open Resource Network. ACORN will provide the infrastructure to create an electronic community which will be able to design and sell engineered products in competitive markets as well as conduct research and development by collaborating through a network. Creating such a community is a task of national proportions and cannot be accomplished by our group alone since the target community encompasses the entire country. We have an unprecedented opportunity to create and experiment with an electronic community which can serve as the model for a larger national community. In this paper, we outline the architecture for an information infrastructure to create and sustain such a community.
This paper is not a standard research paper; it is being published to invite the members of the community to participate in the evolution of the ideas expressed here and to encourage the shared development of the infrastructure necessary to create this network.
KADS: A Knowledge Aided Mechanical Design System
Authors: McVea William Mark , Haghighi Kamyar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Design is an inherently iterative process. This paper will present a knowledge based system that reduces this iterative process to a near minimum. To achieve this goal, the Knowledge Aided Design System (KADS) for mechanical components, uses the techniques of heuristically representing design intuition to evaluate conceptual ideas. The implementation of this design methodology represents a fundamentally new approach to assisting a designer. The trend within similar research is to develop each design tool to encompass more functionality. The research presented in this paper develops a morphology of incorporating design heuristics and analysis techniques into a unified working environment.
Propagation of Nonlinearities in the Inertia Matrix of Tracked Vehicles
Authors: Choi J. H. , Shabana A. A. , Wehage Roger A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this investigation, a procedure is presented for the numerical solution of tracked vehicle dynamics equations of motion. Tracked vehicles can be represented as two kinematically decoupled subsystems. The first is the chassis subsystem which consists of chassis, rollers, idlers, and sprockets. The second is the track subsystem which consists of track links interconnected by revolute joints. While there is dynamic force coupling between these two subsystems, there is no inertia coupling since the kinematic equations of the two subsystems are not coupled. The objective of the procedure developed in this investigation is to take advantage of the fact that in many applications, the shape of the track does not significantly change even though the track links undergo significant configurations changes. In such cases the nonlinearities propagate along the diagonals of a velocity influence coefficient matrix. This matrix is the only source of nonlinearities in the generalized inertia matrix. A permutation matrix is introduced to minimize the number of generalized inertia matrix LU factor evaluations for the track.