bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SEIRS-SEI Model of Malaria Disease with Application of Vaccines and Anti-Malarial Drugs
Authors: Resmawan Resmawan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the mathematical model of SEIRS-SEI type malaria disease. Modification of the model is done by giving the treatment in humans, in the form of vaccines and anti-malarial drugs treatment. In this model, the human population is divided into four classes, namely susceptible human, exposed human, infected human, and recovered human. The mosquito population is divided into three classes, namely susceptible mosquito, exposed mosquito and infected mosquito. Furthermore, the analysis of the model to show the effect of treatment given to disease transmission. At the end of this article is provided numerical simulations to show the effectiveness of vaccines and anti-malarial drugs in humans to suppress the rate of transmission of disease. The simulation results show that the increase of vaccines effectiveness and anti-malarial drugs in humans can reduce the reproduction numbers, so that within a certain time the disease will disappear from the population.
GP73 is a glucogenic hormone that contributes to SARS-CoV-2-induced hyperglycemia
Authors: Wan Luming , Gao Qi , Li Huilong , Yang Huan , Gong Jing , Deng Yong-Qiang , Ke Yuehua , Yang Xiaopan , Huang Linfei , Lin Haotian , Zhang Yanhong , Wang Huapeng , Wang Changjun , Yang Xiaoli , Li Dongyu , Peng Yumeng , Yan Qiulin , Wang Xiaolin , Lin Changqing , Zheng Fei , Xu Lei , Li Jingfei , Xu Yinxin , Sun Zhiwei , Wu Feixiang , Qin Cheng-Feng , Wei Congwen , Zhong Hui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces new-onset diabetes and severe metabolic complications of pre-existing diabetes. The pathogenic mechanism underlying this is incompletely understood. Here, we provided evidence linking circulating GP73 with the exaggerated gluconeogenesis triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that SARS-CoV-2 infection or glucotoxic conditions increased GP73 production and secretion. Secreted GP73 then trafficked to the liver and kidney to stimulate gluconeogenesis through the cAMP/PKA pathway. By using global phosphoproteomics, we found a drastic remodeling of the PKA kinase hub exerted by GP73. Notably, plasma GP73 levels were elevated and positively correlated with blood glucose in patients with COVID19 and diabetes. Neutralization of circulating GP73 in serum of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 or with diabetes reduced excessive gluconeogenesis in cultured hepatocytes, and lowered blood glucose levels in animal models of diabetes. Ablation of GP73 from whole animals has a profound glucose-lowering effect secondary to reduced gluconeogenesis. Thus, GP73 is a key glucogenic hormone contributing to SARS-CoV-2-induced glucose abnormality.
Factors Influencing the Stages of Frailty among Korean Older Adults Focusing on Objective and Subjective Social Isolation
Authors: Han Song Yi , Jang Hye Young , Ko Young 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Although many studies have investigated the factors influencing frailty, studies on factors affecting transition between frailty stages are insufficient. This study was conducted to identify factors influencing the stages of frailty in Korean older adults, focusing on objective and subjective social isolation. Methods: This study analyzed the data of 10,041 older adults from the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans. Two multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors influencing the frailty stages.Results: Among Korean older adults, 6% were in a frail stage, and 42.5% were in the pre-frail stage. The progression to the pre-frail stage was influenced by sociodemographic and health-related characteristics and by objective and subjective social isolation. Contrastingly, the transition from the pre-frail to frail stage was influenced by factors including objective social isolation, declining hearing, and lack of regular exercise.Conclusions: In the development of future interventions, researchers should consider differences in factors that influence the stages of frailty among Korean older adults. Interventions that help older people maintain existing social relationships or connect to new social networks can delay the transition from the pre-frail to frail stages.
CD8+ T cell densities and PD-L1 associated with favorable prognosis in schistosomiasis-associated Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Weixia , Jing Hongyan , Liu Jican , Zhang Yingyi , Zhu Ting , Lu Kui , Xu Yanchao , Bu Dacheng , Cheng Meihong , Liu Jing , Yao Junxia , Huang Sinian , Wang Limei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Backgroud: The expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was correlated with CD8+ T cells, which could producing IFNγ. The effect of infection of Schistosoma japonicum on CD8+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and then on PD-L1 expression has rarely been reported and the utility of CD8+ TILs as a biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC), especially for schistosomal CRC, are still controversial and needing to be determined in CRC. Methods: A total of 338 patients with CRC were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemical analysis were performed to evaluated the expression of PD-L1 within tumor cells (tPD-L1) and within stromal cells (sPD-L1), infiltration by CD8+ T cells. Results: In the whole cohort, results showed that CD8+ TIL density was positively correlated with tumoral and stromal PD-L1 expression （p＜0.05）. But there were no correlation between schistosomiasis and PD-L1 and CD8+ TILs. Furthermore, CD8+ TIL density, schistosomiasis, TNM stage, lymph nodes positive for CRC and gender were significantly independent predictive factors for overall survival (OS)（p＜0.05）. Stromal PD-L1 but not tPD-L1 expression was correlated with OS but was not an independent predictor (p=0.046). In patients without schistosomiasis, sPD-L1 was significantly associated with better OS but was not an independent predictor（p =0.004）.However, there were no association between schistosomiasis and OS in patients with schistosomal ifection. Conclusions: Our analysis indicated that CD8+ was an independent predictive factor for OS. And the expression of PD-L1 was positively associated with CD8+ TILs density. There were no correlation between schistosomiasis and PD-L1 and CD8+ TILs. Stromal PD-L1 but not tPD-L1 was significantly associated with OS, but was not an independent prognostic factor. It is proposed that PD-L1 expression in combination with CD8+ TIL could be a useful predictive biomarker in CRC patients.
Large B-cell Lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement: a pitfall in the pathological diagnosis of lymphoma
Authors: Lu Minya , Teng Lisong , Wang Zhe , Teng Xiaodong , Wang Zhaoming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) with interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) rearrangement (IRF4+LBCL) is a rare and newly discovered subtype of mature B cell neoplasms. Case presentationHere, we describe a patient of 32 years old who was diagnosed IRF4+LBCL. Histological examination showed the normal structure of the lymphoid tissues were destroyed, and slightly crowded follicular or nodal structures instead. There were obvious necrosis on the surface of tonsil and the central part of some follicles. The monomorphic atypical lymphoid cells proliferated and grew consistently, which were of medium size or large, and the nuclear chromatin was opening. Some tumor cells can be seen around the normal striated muscle tissues near the tonsils. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) could show that CD20, CD79a, MUM-1 and BCL6 were positive, Ki-67 was 80%; CD3, CD5, CD10, BCL2, CD30, CD56, CD99, CD38, and CD138 were negative. In situ hybridization (ISH) of EBER was negative. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) confirmed that IRF4 gene rearrangement was found in tumor cells. The patient was followed up for 18 months without tumor after chemotherapy. Concl﻿usionGenerally speaking, destructive growth patterns with a large number of necrosis, high proliferation index and so on all suggest that the tumor is highly invasive. And in terms of pathological morphology, IRF4+LBCL can be similar to both high-grade follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). But actually this disease is indolent and significantly different.
British surname origins, population structure and health outcomes – an observational study of English hospital records
Authors: Petersen Jakob , Kandt Jens , Longley Paul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPopulation and social structure act as important confounders on pathways linking genotypes to health outcomes. This study examines whether the historical, geographical origins of British surnames – as markers of population structure - are associated with differential health outcomes today. MethodsWe coded the hospital admissions of more than 30 million patients in England between 1999 and 2013 to their surname origin and divided their diagnoses into 125 major disease categories. A base population dataset was constructed with patients’ first admission of any kind. Age- and sex-standardised odds ratios were calculated with logistic regression using patients with ubiquitous English surnames such as “Smith” as reference. Using a data mining approach, we scanned the results for “signals”, where a branch of related surname origins all had significantly higher or lower risk than the reference group. We subsequently studied the age- and sex-standardised incidence for each signal across the density of the surname origin (quintiles) as well as quintiles of area deprivation. ResultsWe identified a signal with Scottish surnames (alcohol-related disorders) and three with different branches of English surnames (disorders of teeth and jaw, fractures, upper gastrointestinal disorders). For the three English surname groups, the risk was only different to patients with other surnames in the quintile with the highest density of that group. Differential risk remained when studied across quintiles of area deprivation. ConclusionsThe study shows that surname origins are associated with diverse health outcomes and may thus act as combined markers of population structure over and above area deprivation.
Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.617.1 and B.1.525 by BNT162b2-elicited sera
Authors: Shi Pei-Yong , Liu Jianying , Liu Yang , Xia Hongjie , Zou Jing , Weaver Scott , Swanson Kena , Cai Hui , Cutler Mark , Cooper David , Muik Alexander , Jansen Kathrin , Sahin Ugur , Xie Xuping , Dormitzer Philip 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to evolve around the world, generating new variants that are of concern based on their potential for altered transmissibility, pathogenicity, and coverage by vaccines and therapeutics. Here we report that 20 BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited human sera neutralize engineered SARS-CoV-2 with a USA-WA1/2020 genetic background (a virus strain isolated in January 2020) and spike glycoproteins from the newly emerged B.1.617.1 (first identified in India) or B.1.525 (first identified in Nigeria) lineages. Geometric mean plaque reduction neutralization titers against the variant viruses, particularly the B.1.617.1 variant, are lower than the titer against USA-WA1/2020 virus, but all sera tested neutralize the variant viruses at titers of at least 40. The susceptibility of the newly emerged B.1.617.1 and B.1.525 variants to BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited neutralization supports mass immunization as a central strategy to end the COVID-19 pandemic across geographies.
A Wide-angle Glance Of Phosphoglucomutase Gene Family In Pan-Cancer
Authors: Liu Ying-nan , Shen Shi-xuan , Yan Li-rong , Ding Han-xi , Wang Ang , Yuan Yuan , Xu Qian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Phosphoglucomutases (PGMs) are a group of important enzymes in glucose metabolism. The PGM family play roles in a variety of cancers, but we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the PGM family and pan-cancer.
Methods

We extracted data from the Cancer Genome Atlas, Oncomine, Human Protein Atlas, and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia databases. The R language was mainly used for analysis.
Results

The PGM1 and PGM5 genes both show low expression in breast cancer, colon cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The expression of PGMs is related to signal transduction pathways, such as protein secretion, ultraviolet (UV) response, and DNA repair pathways, and the infiltration of immune cells such as naive B cells, activated natural killer cells, and resting mast cells in cancers. PGM5 is associated with a higher survival rate in clear-cell renal carcinoma and cervical cancer and a lower survival rate in squamous-cell lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. The copy number variation of PGMs have a broad impact on their expression. In breast cancer, colon cancer, and other cancers, PGM1 is upregulated when it has a higher copy number. Genetic variations in PGMs have adverse effects on the prognosis of various types of cancers. PGM5 mutations in liver cancer and sarcoma and PGM1 copy number deletion in cholangiocarcinoma are all risk factors for those cancers. The qRT-PCR experiments verified the higher expression of PGM2L1 and the lower expression of PGM5 in gastric cancer, and the lower expression of PGM1 and PGM5 in colorectal cancer.
Conclusion

The expression of PGMs is heterogeneous in cancer tissues and is associated with cancer activation pathways as well as immune cell infiltration. The expression of PGMs can affect the prognosis of a variety of cancers. Mutation or copy number variation of PGMs will affect their expression in cancers, as well as the cancer prognosis. These findings provide a foundation for investigating the role of PGMs in the prediction/diagnosis/prognosis of cancers and provide new clues for finding targets for cancer treatment.
Prevalence, Risk, and Outcome of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Cui Na , Jiang Chunguo , Chen Hairong , Gao Yuan , Yu Lifeng , Zhang Liming , Feng Xiaokai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Few data exist on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by acute hypoxemia.Study Design and Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 225 adults with ARDS admitted to the Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University between 1 January 2015 and 30 June 2020. We analyzed clinical, laboratory, and echocardiography data for groups with and without DVT and for direct and indirect ARDS subgroups.Results: Ninety (40.0%) patients developed DVT. Compared with the non-DVT group, patients with DVT were older, had lower serum creatinine levels, lower partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen, higher serum procalcitonin levels, higher Padua prediction scores, and higher proportions of sedation and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Multivariate analysis showed an association between age, serum creatinine level, IMV, and DVT in the ARDS cohort. The sensitivity and specificity of corresponding receiver operating characteristic curves were not inferior to those of the Padua prediction score and the Caprini score for screening for DVT in the three ARDS cohorts. Patients with DVT had a significantly lower survival rate than those without DVT in the overall ARDS cohort and in the groups with direct and indirect ARDS.Conclusions: The prevalence of DVT is high in patients with ARDS. The risk factors for DVT are age, serum creatinine level, and IMV, which predict DVT and are superior to the Padua prediction score and the Caprini score. DVT is associated with decreased survival in patients with ARDS.
Uncertainty Quantification using Variational Inference for Biomedical Image Segmentation
Authors: Sagar Abhinav 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Deep learning motivated by convolutional neural networks has been highly successful in a range of medical imaging problems like image classification, image segmentation, image synthesis etc. However for validation and interpretability, not only do we need the predictions made by the model but also how confident it is while making those predictions. This is important in safety critical applications for the people to accept it. In this work, we used an encoder decoder architecture based on variational inference techniques for segmenting brain tumour images. We compare different backbones architectures like U-Net, V-Net and FCN as sampling data from the conditional distribution for the encoder. We evaluate our work on the publicly available BRATS dataset using Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Intersection Over Union (IOU) as the evaluation metrics. Our model outperforms previous state of the art results while making use of uncertainty quantification in a principled bayesian manner.
First detection of Gongylonema species in Geotrupes mutator in Europe
Authors: Bravo-Barriga Daniel , Martín-Pérez Manuel , Lobo Jorge M. , Parreira Ricardo , Pérez-Martín Juan Enrique , Frontera Eva 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The detection of three Gongylonema sp. infective larvae in two specimens of the dung beetle Geotrupes mutator (Marsham, 1802) from western Spain is reported here for the first time in Europe. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the analyzed specimens belong to the genus Gongylonema, but it was not possible to determine the species identity by the lack of morphological information in the literature and because many of the phenotypic characteristics had not yet fully developed at this juvenile stage. Nevertheless, a phylogenetic analysis using amplified cox1 nucleotide sequences has revealed that the studied larvae could be clearly discriminated (< 89% identity) from all the other Gongylonema cox1 sequences available in public genetic databases. While our results are limited by the scarcity of genetic information available for this genus, the possibility that the analyzed specimens might correspond to a new species should not be ruled out, and more studies are needed. The results provided in this report indicate that G. mutator is involved in the transmission cycle of Gongylonema sp. to vertebrates in Europe.
Water culture: The theoretic structure and dynamic mechanism
Authors: Zheng Xiao Yun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Since water is comprehensively connected with human society, diversified way of thinking, using, and managing water have developed. This has led to the diversification of water culture worldwide. Water culture was generated from water management, the social demand, and the spiritual feel of water. Consequently, it has also influenced water management comprehensively beginning from the earliest times to the present age. People worldwide rely on their own ideas, values, social relationships, institutions, and religion to manage water. This, however, has made water culture an important dynamic in water management and has also made water management acceptable, effective, equal, and sustainable. Water culture also deeply influences the spiritual world and social life of mankind. Water culture has a structural make up involving the levels of ideas, institutions, social life, and physical factors and is based on the attributes of nationality, civilization, local, and times. This theoretical structure and attributes provide a better understanding of water culture based on scientific and holistic dimension. Meanwhile, a dynamics mechanism was modeled as Double Dynamics and Bidirectional Dynamics to explain the relationship between water and mankind so as to better understand how the cultural generation is driven by water and the cultural initiative in water management. This chapter aims to build the structure and define the types of water culture, to exploring the dynamic mechanism of water culture in water management and human society, and to understand the generation and formation of water culture.
A Few water fountains in Tampere, Finland: Cultural attestation of water management
Authors: Juuti Petri S. , Rajala Riikka 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter describes how water influenced the growth of Tampere on the basis of four major water fountains related to the industrial heritage of the city. Tampere, currently Finland's third biggest city, with a population of over 220,000, and the largest inland city in the Nordic countries was founded in 1779. For many years, Tampere was the centre of Finnish industry. The history and development of Tampere have been largely shaped by issues related to water and water management. The city waterworks were established in which connection the industrialist Wilhelm von Nottbeck donated the fountain in the Central Square in 1882. A fountain depicting a swan and a boy and another with a lion theme are also connected to the industrialist von Nottbeck. Each fountain has its own history to tell viewers. Water fountains are probably at their best when they represent and reflect local city culture and heritage as these examples from Tampere.
Foggara water which left an imprint in the culture of oases of the southwest region of Algeria
Authors: Taha Ansari 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In 2006, the UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said in his message during the World Water Day in 2006, with the theme ‘water and culture’, that water is not only essential for life; it is also a wide-ranging cultural presence – an inspiration for artists, a focus of scientific research, and an indispensable element in the religious rituals of many traditions and faiths. All this shows the importance of water in different cultures and shows that water is a Social and Cultural Space. In arid landscapes like the south-west region of Algeria, water is at the heart of human existence and the development of this region. The people have managed this precious resource and have developed many cultural practices around water. The people gave their water management system of underground channels the name ‘foggara’. The aim of this study is to understand the purpose of foggaras and to examine how foggaras – as an essential system for life in an arid area – play an important, conceptual role in local cultural orientations. The people of this region have built an environment that respects the laws of sustainable development, that is to say the oasis. An oasis is composed of a source of water (foggaras), a village (ksar), and a palm-grove. The foggara water in an oasis has a strong cultural dimension. Without understanding and considering the cultural aspects of our water problems, no sustainable solution can be found.
Customs related to water and water management in the tradition of the Dai people in Vietnam
Authors: Hien Nguyen Thi , Thuat Vu Hong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter is an ethnographic account of the roles of water in the life of the Black Dai people in the Quy Chau and Que Phong Districts, Nghe An province in central Vietnam. For the Dai people, water meets the needs of their daily life, which includes housing, agricultural production, cultivation, and their customs and religious practices. This account relies on data that was collected for the case study in 24 villages of six communes in the two districts in 2013–2017. Using the views of local people and the information that they shared, this chapter demonstrates how the Black Dai people exploit and use water in an effective and efficient way. Their knowledge, their customs, and their practices reveal cultural identities that have been passed down by elderly people. Water is also reflected in their ways of social behavior and community management. Today in the open market economy and high technology era, their customs and habits related to the use and management of natural water endure and are still being promoted in their daily lives, such as in agriculture and swidden land cultivation.