bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in assessing indeterminate renal lesions and Bosniak ≥2F complex renal cysts found incidentally on CT or MRI
Authors: Como Giuseppe , Valotto Claudio , Tulipano Di Franco Francesco , Giannarini Gianluca , Cereser Lorenzo , Girometti Rossano , Zuiani Chiara 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To investigate the impact of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in reclassifying incidental renal findings categorized as indeterminate lesions (IL) or Bosniak ≥ 2F complex renal cysts (CRC) on CT or MRI. Methods: We retrospectively included 44 subjects who underwent CEUS between 2016 and 2019 to assess 48 IL (n = 12) and CRC (n = 36) incidentally found on CT or MRI. CEUS was performed by one radiologist with 10 year of experience with a sulfur hexafluoride-filled microbubble contrast agent. The same radiologist, blinded to clinical information and previous CT/MRIs, retrospectively reviewed CEUS images/videos, categorizing renal findings with Bosniak-derived imaging categories ranging from 0 (indeterminate) to 5 (solid lesion). CEUS-related reclassification rate was calculated (proportion of IL reclassified with an imaging category >0, or CRC reclassified below or above imaging category >2F). Using histological examination or a ≥ 24 months follow-up as the standard of reference, we also estimated per-lesion sensitivity/specificity for malignancy. Results: CEUS reclassified 24/48 findings (50.0%; 95% C.I. 35.2–64.7), including 12/12 IL (100%; 95% CI 73.5–100) and 12/36 CRC (33.3%; 95% C.I. 18.5–50.9), mostly above category >2F (66.7%). CEUS and CT/MRI showed 96.0% (95%CI 79.7–99.9) vs 44.0% (95%CI 24.4–65.1) sensitivity, and 82.6% (95%CI 61.2–95.1) vs 60.9% (95%CI 38.5–80.3%) specificity. Conclusion: CEUS provided substantial and accurate reclassification of CT/MRI incidental findings. Advances in knowledge: Previous studies included Bosniak 2 incidental findings, thus possibly underestimating CEUS-induced reclassification rates. Using a more meaningful cut-off (Bosniak ≥2F), problem-solving CEUS was effective as well, with higher reclassification rates for CRC than in literature.
The Moondance Bowel Cancer Project schools initiative
Authors: Parker J , Cornish J , Cripps H , Dober L , Torkington J ,   ; On behalf of the Moondance Bowel Cancer Schools Initiative Group and Pontypridd High School
Published: August 2021

Background The 5-year survival rate for bowel cancer in Wales is poor and lags behind the rest of the UK. The aim of the pilot phase of the Moondance Schools Initiative was to develop, deliver and assess a bowel cancer learning module for secondary school students in South Wales. Ultimately, we aim to introduce this programme into the National Curriculum across Wales. Methods Two programmes regarding bowel cancer and screening were designed and delivered to a cohort of secondary school pupils in South Wales. This involved interactive teaching with patients and clinicians, practical sessions and live-streamed videos of bowel cancer surgery. Feedback regarding the events and bowel screening was collected from students and their families. Results The programmes were delivered to 185 secondary school students and feedback was extremely positive. The students delivered a live event at the end of the programme to demonstrate their learning to their families and invited guests. Feedback from family members revealed that 100% of respondents were more likely to take a bowel screening test as a result of attending the event. Conclusion This project established that a pilot to create young bowel screening ambassadors is feasible and was positively received by students, their families and the local community. Future work will disseminate the programme further and correlate changes in bowel screening participation in the local area as a result of these events.
Preferences of people living with HIV for differentiated care models in Kenya: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Dommaraju Sagar , Hagey Jill , Odeny Thomas A. , Okaka Sharon , Kadima Julie , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Cohen Craig R. , Kwena Zachary , Eshun-Wilson Ingrid , Geng Elvin 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
To improve retention on HIV treatment in Africa, public health programs are promoting a family of innovations to service delivery—referred to as “differentiated service delivery” (DSD) models—which seek to better meet the needs of both systems and patients by reducing unnecessary encounters, expanding access, and incorporating peers and patients in patient care. Data on the relative desirability of different models to target populations, which is currently sparse, can help guide prioritization of specific models during scale-up.

Methods
We conducted a discrete choice experiment to assess patient preferences for various characteristics of treatment services. Clinically stable people living with HIV were recruited from an HIV clinic in Kisumu, Kenya. We selected seven attributes of DSD models drawn from literature review and previous qualitative work. We created a balanced and orthogonal design to identify main term effects. A total of ten choice tasks were solicited per respondent. We calculated relative utility (RU) for each attribute level, a numerical representation of the strength of patient preference. Data were analyzed using a Hierarchical Bayesian model via Sawtooth Software.

Results
One hundred and four respondents (37.5% men, 41.1 years mean age) preferred receiving care at a health facility, compared with home-delivery or a community meeting point (RU = 69.3, -16.2, and -53.1, respectively; p << 0.05); receiving those services from clinicians and pharmacists—as opposed to lay health workers or peers (RU = 21.5, 5.9, -24.5; p < 0.05); and preferred an individual support system over a group support system (RU = 15.0 and 4.2; p < 0.05). Likewise, patients strongly preferred longer intervals between both clinical reviews (RU = 40.1 and -50.7 for 6- and 1-month spacing, respectively; p < 0.05) and between ART collections (RU = 33.6 and -49.5 for 6- and1-month spacing, respectively; p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Although health systems find community- and peer-based DSD models attractive, clinically stable patients expressed a preference for facility-based care as long as clinical visits were extended to biannual. These data suggest that multi-month scripting and fast-track models best align with patient preferences, an insight which can help prioritize use of different DSD models in the region.
An Unusual Case of Biliary Obstruction Because of Human Papillomavirus–Associated Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma From Head and Neck Primary
Authors: Chopra Maneera , Bhakta Dimpal , Zhang Songlin , DaVee Tomas 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Secondary pancreatic tumors are uncommon, with the majority originating from primary gastrointestinal or lung cancers. We present the case of a 42-year-old woman with squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas, found to be human papillomavirus–positive on in situ hybridization. After extensive work-up, the patient was determined to have a previously undiagnosed, asymptomatic head and neck primary malignancy. There is sparse literature discussing metastatic human papillomavirus–positive squamous cell carcinoma to the pancreas. This report highlights the importance of including this diagnosis when considering a differential for secondary pancreatic tumors, especially squamous etiology.
Fractal characteristic of recycled aggregate and its influence on physical property of recycled aggregate concrete
Authors: Gao Song , Li Qiuyi , Luo Jianlin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fractal dimension is introduced to describe the complicated characteristics of recycled aggregate and their influence on properties of recycled concrete as an integrated indicator. The fractal dimensions of both particle outline and distribution of recycled aggregate have obvious self-similarity and fractal characteristics. The order of the bulk density, water absorption, and crushing index of recycled aggregate in particle group state is clearly and directly related to the fractal dimension of boundary line. Additionally, the fractal dimension of the distribution of recycled coarse aggregate in concrete decreases in order of natural aggregate, Type I, Type II, and Type III recycled coarse aggregate; smaller distribution dimension value represents more concentrated distribution of aggregate, and 7 and 28 days compressive strength of the corresponding recycled concrete increases. The fractal dimension method is an effective process to assess comprehensive performances of recycled aggregate and helpful to establish a quantitative evaluation criterion for its wide applications.
WNK3 promotes the invasiveness of glioma cell lines under hypoxia by inducing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Wang Yue , Wu Bingbing , Long Shengrong , QiangLiu  , Li Guangyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The primary features of malignant glioma include high rates of mortality and recurrence, uncontrollable invasiveness, strong angiogenesis, and widespread hypoxia. The hypoxic microenvironment is an important factor affecting the malignant progression of glioma. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying glioma adaption in hypoxic microenvironments are poorly understood.

Objective
The work presented in this paper focuses on the role of WNK3 gene in glioma invasion under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we aim to explore its role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Methods
ShRNA targeting WNK3 transfection was used to knockdown the WNK3 expression in U87 cells. We used western blot analysis to detect the relative expression of proteins in U87 cells. The effect of WNK3 on cell migration was explored using a transwell assay in the U87 cell line. We also evaluated WNK3 expression levels in glioma samples by immunohistochemistry analysis.

Results
WNK3 expression was significantly higher in high-grade (III and IV) gliomas than in low-grade (I and II) gliomas. WNK3 expression was up-regulated in U87 cells when cultured in a hypoxic environment in addition; WNK3 knockdown inhibited the invasion of U87 glioma cells by regulating the EMT, especially under hypoxic conditions.

Conclusion
These findings suggested that WNK3 plays an important role in the hypoxic microenvironment of glioma and might also be a candidate for therapeutic application in the treatment of glioma.
The First Written Accounts of Pre-Hispanic Earthquakes in the Americas
Authors: Suárez Gerardo , García-Acosta Virginia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The first written evidence of earthquakes in the Americas is represented as pictograms in codices and annals drafted in the first few years after the Spanish conquest. The main source of earthquakes in pre-Hispanic times comes from the codex Telleriano-Remensis. There are 12 earthquakes reported in the Telleriano-Remensis, from 1460 to 1542. Earthquakes reported in this codex show the date of occurrence of the earthquake and other natural phenomena and social events. However, there is little information on the damage or on the precise location where the earthquakes were felt. Thus, although they represent the first written chronology of earthquakes in the Americas, little seismological information can be extracted from them. In contrast, there are other accounts written after the Spanish conquest in 1521 that report political and social events that occurred prior to the downfall of the Aztec empire. In some of these annals, there is information on the locations affected by the earthquakes and on the damage caused. In one case, these historical accounts reveal damage and ground effects that suggest the presence of a crustal earthquake near Mexico City. A second interesting earthquake is dated in 1507. The reports indicate damage and landslides near the Guerrero seismic gap, in the region occupied by the Yope culture. This earthquake appears to be a great earthquake in this part of the subduction zone where no large subduction earthquakes have occurred at least in the past 120 yr.
Domestic injuries among infancy: a prospective descriptive study
Authors: Gupta Ravinder K. , Gupta Ritu , Bhadwal Abhai S. , Sharma Vikas 
Published: August 2021

Background: Injuries in the form of accidents are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of different types and modes injuries among the infants.Methods:A prospective study data from two hundred infants who visited the pediatric OPD in a private pediatric clinic following injury was recorded. A pre-structured questionnaire was provided to the parents. Health education was imparted to the parents regarding prevention of such injuries.Results: Among 200 infants under study, most of the infants were between 8-12 months. Fall being the most common type of injury and it was mostly due to walkers. The most common site of injury was the forehead.Conclusions:Structural modifications are required to be made in the home along with parent education by pediatrician, by doing this most of the injuries can be prevented.
The varied presentation of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a case series of 9 patients treated in single institute
Authors: Shiau Ping Lim , Barathilingam Kamalbarathi A. L. N. 
Published: August 2021

<p class="abstract">Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare skin tumor with an estimated incidence of 0.8 to five cases per 1 million people per year. To our surprise, we’d encountered total 9 cases of DFSP with different presentation in our hospital from November 2009-July 2019. One patient with underlying DFSP presented with intraperitoneal bleeding tumor while another 8 patients were newly diagnosed. The mean patient age at the time of diagnosis were 38.4 years. Sex distribution were male in predominance. The anatomical location of tumor varied. Majority presented clinically with slow growing mass on skin/subcutaneous tissue, one tumor grew on a preceding scar, and 2 patients came with bleeding tumors. The median follow-up duration in this series was 23.6 months. Wide local excision was performed in 6 patients, with half of them reported to have surgical margins involved. Reconstruction of the surgical defect took place primarily in 4 patients and split skin graft in 2 patients. Adjuvant radiotherapy was offered to 3 patients with surgical margin involved and disease recurrence. Imatinib was given to one patient with metastatic DFSP prior definitive surgery which was successful. There were no local recurrence or death due to the DFSP course at the end of the follow-up. Final outcome was favorable. Hereby we present the 9 interesting case series.</p>
ON ENHANCING AND AUTOMATING THE COVID-19 CASE REPORTING SYSTEM IN POLAND
Authors: Hadasik Bartłomiej , Kubiczek Jakub 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of the study: The paper aims to create a proposal to extend the functionality of the currently operating COVID‑19 case reporting system in Poland.
Methodology: Empirical analysis of the current COVID-19 reporting system in Poland with three axes: (1) description of the system functionalities according to official (governmental) sources; (2) listing and characterization of the current system defects causing ineffectiveness of reporting; (3) proposition of systemic alterations to reduce the level of reporting inefficiency preparation and for possible future phenomena related to the pandemic evolution.
Main Findings: The reporting system is ineffective as the systems of local medical laboratories performing coronavirus tests are not fully integrated with the central system. Data transfer to the central repository is not executed automatically but relies on manual input by a laboratory technician. Thus, the data in the system are published with a certain delay.
Applications of this study: Improving the infection reporting system may prove useful for both legislators and local health regulatory authorities. This may translate into an improved case prediction model and thus greater objectivity in the case of the introduction of new restrictions.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The dynamic course of the coronavirus pandemic made it necessary to monitor the number of cases, deaths and, above all, to find outbreaks. The IT systems reporting SARS-CoV-2 cases were developed in a quick manner and solutions were advanced on an ongoing basis. Due to numerous modifications, these systems lack operational efficiency. This study discusses how the current Polish COVID-19 case reporting system works and presents proposals for its refinements which may contribute to ameliorations in many other national systems.
Risk Factor Profile and Quality of Life of Psoriasis Vulgaris
Authors: Naufal As'ad , Damayanti Damayanti , Kusumastuti Etty Hary , Hidayati Afif Nurul 
Published: August 2021

Background: Psoriasis is an autoimmune human skin disease. It is a chronic and recurrent lesion characterized by erythema patches with well-defined borders with rough, multi-layered, and transparent scales with a significant negative impact on patients' quality of life. Several risk factors for psoriasis can decrease patient’ quality of life. Purpose: To determine the risk factor profile and quality of life of psoriasis patients at the dermatology and venereology outpatient clinic at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving new and control psoriasis patients. Their risk factors were evaluated using questionnaires, and their quality of life was measured using the DLQI questionnaires. The data was collected at the Dermatology and Venereology outpatient unit Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya. Result: Of the 24 patients, the biggest risk factor for psoriasis patients was trauma/ Koebner phenomenon, as reported in 15 patients (62.5%), and 11 patients’ (45.8%) quality of life was affected. Conclusion: Trauma was the largest risk factor for psoriasis, and psoriasis has significantly affected patient’ quality of life.
Internet and Smartphone Addiction of Staff Working in an Adolescent Addiction Treatment Center
Authors: KARDAŞ Ömer , KARDAŞ Burcu 
Published: August 2021

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the level of smart phone and internet addiction among the staff working in the substance dependence treatment center serving children and adolescents under the age of 18.
Method: The study included 30 people from different professions working in the child adolescent substance dependence treatment center. Participants were given a sociodemographic data form, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) and Short Form of Young’s Internet Addiction Test (YIAT-SF).
Results: The mean score of the SAS-SV is 25.3 ± 11.4 and YIAT-SF is 19.2 ± 8.3. These values are accepted as low-moderate. A negative significant correlation was found between age and YIAT-SF. Also, a positive significant correlation was found between both scale scores.
Conclusions: Internet and smartphone addictions of staff working in the adolescent addiction service were found to be similar to the results of studies conducted with other healthcare professionals. The data obtained from the study were discussed with the current literature. In this regard, there is a need for studies involving staff working in different dependence treatment centers and units.
Adolesanlarda Anemi
Authors: ÇETİN Fatma , YALAKİ Zahide , ALİOGLU Bulent 
Published: August 2021

AMAÇ: Çocuk polikliniklerimize başvuran adolesanlarda anemi sıklığının ve etkileyen etmenlerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmaya Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi çocuk polikliniğine 2013-2015 tarihleri arasında başvuran, herhangi bir nedenle kan alınması gereken 12-17 yaş arası 515 adolesan alındı. Çalışmaya alınan gruba anket formu verildi ve adolesanlardan kan örnekleri çalışıldı.
BULGULAR: Çalışmaya katılan adolesanların 298’i (%57,9) kız ve 217’si (%42,1) erkek idi. Adolesanların %23,5’i (n=121) mide ağrısı, %22,6’i (n=116) ekstremitelerde uyuşma, karıncalanma, %20,1’i (n=108) halsizlik, %17,9’u (n=92) kontrol amaçlı kanlarına baktırmak için, %15,1’i (n=78) baş ağrısı şikayeti ile başvurmuştu Adolesanlarda anemi, demir eksikliği anemisi, demir eksikliği, vitamin B12 eksikliği prevelansları sırasıyla %19; %15,1; %19,2; %28,9 olarak bulundu. Kızlarda 15 -17 yaş grubunda anemi, demir eksikliği anemisi, demir eksikliği ve vitamin B12 eksikliği daha fazla saptandı (sırasıyla p=0,007; p=0,025; p
Investigating the Causes and Incidence of Mortality in Patients Using Biological Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (DMARD) and the Mortality Rates Thereof Compared to the General Population
Authors: BALCI Mehmet Ali , AKYOL Lütfi 
Published: August 2021

AIM: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are used in the treatment of most rheumatological diseases (1). There is a number of studies availabile in the literature, in which the effect of DMARDs on mortality has been investigated; however these studies were generally performed on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and on tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in particular (2-5). Hence, we aimed to conduct a more comprehensive study investigating the effects of using abatacept, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, rituximab, secukinumab, tofacitinib and tocilizumab on mortality in patients with RA, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), Behçet's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Takayasu's arteritis, systemic sclerosis (SSc), Sjogren's syndrome and other rheumatological diseases.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: 847 patients that have used bDMARDs were included in our study. Age, gender, diagnosis and treatment information of these patients were retrospectively scanned and recorded. Death records were obtained from the National Death Notification Service (6), whereas the population records were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (7). bDMARD-related incidence rates (IRs) for mortality was calculated.
RESULTS: A total of 847 patients, 464 (54.8%) of whom were female and 383 (45.2%) of whom were male, were included in the study. Mortality occurred in a total of 18 patients (2.1%) during the treatment process. Of these 18 patients, 5 patients were using rituximab, 4 patients were using infliximab, 3 patients were using adalimumab, 3 patients were using etanercept, 2 patients were using tocilizumab, and 1 patient were using golimumab. In terms of the mortalities by the type of diagnosis, 13 mortalities occurred in the group of patients diagnosed with RA, whereas 1 mortality occurred in each of the groups consisting of patients diagnosed with AS, PsA, Takayasu arteritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener) or SSc. The overall mortality incidence of the patients was calculated as 5.28 cases per 1000 years. Compared to the general population, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of the patients using bDMARDs was found to be 3.147 ((confidence interval (CI): 1.924-4.877)).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first mortality study conducted in Turkey on patients with rheumatologic disease that use bDMARDs. The incidence rate (IR) for mortality we have found in patients using bDMARDs was comparable to the IRs reported in the literature, however we have found a higher standart mortalie ratio (SMR) in our cohort compared to the Turkish population. In this respect, it is necessary to conduct larger-scale controlled studies.