bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypocretin/Orexin Interactions with Norepinephrine Contribute to the Opiate Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: McGregor Ronald , Wu Ming-Fung , Holmes Brent , Lam Hoa Anh , Maidment Nigel T. , Gera Joseph , Yamanaka Akihiro , Siegel Jerome M. 
Published: December 2021

We previously found that human heroin addicts and mice chronically exposed to morphine exhibit a significant increase in the number of detected hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt)-producing neurons. However, it remains unknown how this increase affects target areas of the hypocretin system involved in opioid withdrawal, including norepinephrine containing structures locus coeruleus (LC) and A1/A2 medullary regions. Using a combination of immunohistochemical, biochemical, imaging, and behavioral techniques, we now show that the increase in detected hypocretin cell number translates into a significant increase in hypocretin innervation and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels in the LC without affecting norepinephrine-containing neuronal cell number. We show that the increase in TH is completely dependent on Hcrt innervation. The A1/A2 regions were unaffected by morphine treatment. Manipulation of the Hcrt system may affect opioid addiction and withdrawal.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPreviously, we have shown that the hypothalamic hypocretin system undergoes profound anatomic changes in human heroin addicts and in mice exposed to morphine, suggesting a role of this system in the development of addictive behaviors. The locus coeruleus plays a key role in opioid addiction. Here we report that the hypothalamic hypocretin innervation of the locus coeruleus increases dramatically with morphine administration to mice. This increase is correlated with a massive increase in tyrosine hydroxylase expression in locus coeruleus. Elimination of hypocretin neurons prevents the tyrosine hydroxylase increase in locus coeruleus and dampens the somatic and affective components of opioid withdrawal.
Pseudo Jahn−Teller Origin of the Proton Tunneling in Zundel Cation Containing Water Clusters
Authors: Geru I. , Gorinchoy N. , Balan I. 
Published: December 2021

The pseudo Jahn–Teller (PJT) origin of the proton transfer barrier in the Zundel cation at different O–O distances and in an H5O2+(H2O)4 cluster is revealed by means of ab initio calculations of their electronic structures and the adiabatic potential energy curves. The vibronic constants in this approach were estimated by fitting the ab initio calculated adiabatic potential to its analytical expression. It is shown also that the high-symmetry nuclear configurations ofproton-centered water clusters of the type H+(H2O)n (n = 6, 4, 3) are unstable with respect to the low-symmetry nuclear distortions leading to forming the dihydronium cation H5O2+ and the appropriate number of water molecules: H2n + 1On+ → (n – 2)H2O + H5O2+. The reason for this instability and the subsequent decay is the PJT coupling between the ground and excited electronic states.
POLA PEMBINAAN INTERNATIONAL JUNIOR SCIENCE OLYMPIAD (IJSO) IPA DI TINGKAT NASIONAL
Authors: Yunita Y 
Published: December 2021

Tujuan International Juniors Science Olympiad (IJSO) adalah : 1) Meningkatkan minat para siswa terhadap mata pelajaran sains (Fisika, Kimia dan Biologi) dan Matematika sejak mereka duduk di tingkat SMP, 2) Memberikan Motivasi kepada para siswa agar mereka semakin giat belajar, 3) Sebagai wahana pembinaan berkelanjutan dari lomba sains nasional untuk berkompetisi pada lomba tingkat internasional, 4) Memberikan kesempatan pada siswa untuk lebih memahami arti persaingan yang sehat dan kompetitif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 45 orang siswa SMP kelas VII dan VIII . Rancangan penelitian pada tahap awal berupa seleksi siswa yang meliputi: Sekolah, ketingkat kabupaten/kota, propinsi, nasional, dan internasional, Tingkat nasional siswa diseleksi yang terbaik, dan Pembinaan siswa dikarantina selama beberapa bulan melalui seleksi jalur Olimpiade Sains Nasional (OSN) dari mulai tingkat sekolah, kabupaten/kota, propinsi hingga tingkat nasional untuk keajang internasional sebanyak 6 siswa. Pada tahap kedua tahap pelaksanaan pembinaan (proses) yang bertujuan untuk melatih keberanian Metode pengumpulan data yang terdiri dari: penguasaan Materi Kimia (tes harian) dan tes simulasi. Lingkup materi disampaikan secara bertahap dari konsep sederhana sampai ke tingkat yang sulit, materi setingkat SMA di Indonesia (KTSP), dan tingkat SMA di Inggris A level. Evaluasi kesiapan simulasi diberikan secara internal oleh tim pembina dan tim independen yang kompeten dan berpengalaman. Tahap simulasi dilakukan tiga kali. Metode pengolahan data dilakukan oleh tim pembina olimpiade yang terdiri dari tim pengajar pada di tahap awal dan tim independen di tahap akhir. Hasil akhir diperoleh 15 medali yang terdiri dari: 3 Emas, 5 Perak, 4 Perunggu.
Enculturated Education for Strengthening Character Education in Preventing Intolerance and Radicalism
Authors: Cardinale Pamela , Rofi’i Muhammad Syaroni , Samputra Palupi Lindiasari , Achdiawa Ramadhani 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntolerance and extremism have recently increased in the academic atmosphere or among students. The purpose of this study was to discover the origins of intolerance and radicalism among students, identify the core cause of educational problems, and examine the role of cultural education in building the character of Indonesian students. The Delphi approach was used to assess data gathered from a variety of expert informants. The study's findings revealed four significant causes of intolerance and radicalization: personal factors, education, economic-social-political-cultural issues, and a lack of religious comprehension. The study also found that religious education is less in-depth, with less reading, weak persuasive logic, and a focus on binary truth. Cultural education begins with establishing superior national identity through the Pancasila character ("gotong-royong" or cooperation, empathy, and good critical-thinking abilities); fosters the habit of reading texts critically and comprehensively. Both serve as the foundation for pupils' capacity to solve complex challenges. This study makes recommendations for promoting pupils' religious belief in God and tolerance values. Intoleransi dan ekstremisme akhir-akhir ini meningkat di lingkungan akademik atau di kalangan mahasiswa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui asal mula intoleransi dan radikalisme di kalangan siswa, mengidentifikasi inti penyebab masalah pendidikan, dan mengkaji peran pendidikan budaya dalam membangun karakter siswa Indonesia. Pendekatan Delphi digunakan untuk menilai data yang dikumpulkan dari berbagai informan ahli. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan empat penyebab signifikan intoleransi dan radikalisasi: faktor pribadi, pendidikan, masalah ekonomi-sosial-politik-budaya, dan kurangnya pemahaman agama. Studi tersebut juga menemukan bahwa pendidikan agama kurang mendalam, dengan bacaan yang kurang, logika persuasif yang lemah, dan fokus pada kebenaran biner. Pendidikan budaya diawali dengan pembentukan jati diri bangsa yang unggul melalui karakter Pancasila (“gotong-royong” atau kerjasama, empati, dan kemampuan berpikir kritis yang baik); menumbuhkan kebiasaan membaca teks secara kritis dan komprehensif. Keduanya berfungsi sebagai dasar bagi kapasitas siswa untuk memecahkan tantangan yang kompleks. Kajian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk mempromosikan keyakinan agama siswa kepada Tuhan dan nilai-nilai toleransi.How to Cite: Cardinale, P., Rofi’I, M. S., Samputra, P. L., Achdiawan, R. (2021). Enculturated Education for Strengthening Character Education in Preventing Intolerance and Radicalism. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 8(1), 20-43. doi:10.15408/tjems.v8i1.20359.
Improving Follow-Up of Tests Pending at Discharge
Authors: Shriner Andrew R. , Baker Richelle M. , Ellis Andrew , Dixon Rebecca , Saysana Michele 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Follow-up on results of inpatient tests pending at discharge (TPAD) must occur to ensure patient safety and high-quality care continue after discharge. We identified a need to improve follow-up of TPAD and began a quality improvement initiative with an aim of reducing the rate of missed follow-up of TPAD to ≤20% within 12 months.

METHODS
The team used the Plan-Do-Study-Act method of quality improvement and implemented a process using reminder messages in the electronic health record. We collected data via retrospective chart review for the 6 months before the intervention and monthly thereafter. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of patients with missed follow-up of TPAD, defined as no documented follow-up within 72 hours of a result being available. The use of a reminder message was monitored as a process measure.

RESULTS
We reviewed charts of 764 discharged patients, and 216 (28%) were noted to have TPAD. At baseline, the average percentage of patients with missed follow-up was 80%. The use of reminder messages was quickly adopted. The average percentage of patients with missed follow-up of TPAD after beginning the quality improvement interventions was 35%.

CONCLUSIONS
We had significant improvement in follow-up after our interventions. Additional work is needed to ensure continued and sustained improvement, focused on reducing variability in performance between providers and investing in technology to allow for automation of the follow-up process.
Spatially Resolved Transcriptomic Analysis of Acute Kidney Injury in a Female Murine Model
Authors: Dixon Eryn E. , Wu Haojia , Muto Yoshiharu , Wilson Parker C. , Humphreys Benjamin D. 
Published: December 2021

Significance Statement
AKI is characterized by a sudden loss of kidney function often followed by the restoration of function through repair. Single-cell RNA sequencing efforts have aided in the identification of cell types and states important in injury, repair, and failed repair. These transcriptomic atlases lack spatial information, complicating interpretation of relevant cellular interactions. Therefore, we generated a spatial time course of female ischemic injury, defining temporal and location-specific gene expression patterns of injury markers. Gene expression and cell type interactions were resolved across time points using computational tools Giotto and SPOTlight. These results have been packaged into an interactive data visualization tool for gene target discovery and validation throughout the kidney and AKI research communities.

Background
Single-cell sequencing technologies have advanced our understanding of kidney biology and disease, but the loss of spatial information in these datasets hinders our interpretation of intercellular communication networks and regional gene expression patterns. New spatial transcriptomic sequencing platforms make it possible to measure the topography of gene expression at genome depth.

Methods
We optimized and validated a female bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Using the 10× Genomics Visium Spatial Gene Expression solution, we generated spatial maps of gene expression across the injury and repair time course, and applied two open-source computational tools, Giotto and SPOTlight, to increase resolution and measure cell-cell interaction dynamics.

Results
An ischemia time of 34 minutes in a female murine model resulted in comparable injury to 22 minutes for males. We report a total of 16,856 unique genes mapped across our injury and repair time course. Giotto, a computational toolbox for spatial data analysis, enabled increased resolution mapping of genes and cell types. Using a seeded nonnegative matrix regression (SPOTlight) to deconvolute the dynamic landscape of cell-cell interactions, we found that injured proximal tubule cells were characterized by increasing macrophage and lymphocyte interactions even 6 weeks after injury, potentially reflecting the AKI to CKD transition.

Conclusions
In this transcriptomic atlas, we defined region-specific and injury-induced loss of differentiation markers and their re-expression during repair, as well as region-specific injury and repair transcriptional responses. Lastly, we created an interactive data visualization application for the scientific community to explore these results (http://humphreyslab.com/SingleCell/).
ISPARTA İLİNDE AKUT SOLUNUM YOLU ENFEKSİYONU ÖN TANISI OLAN HASTALARDA MULTİPLEKS PCR YÖNTEMİYLE VİRAL VE BAKTERİYEL ETKENLERİN SIKLIĞININ ARAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: ŞİRİN Mümtaz Cem 
Published: December 2021

Amaç
Solunum yolu enfeksiyonları, tüm yaş gruplarında en
sık karşılaşılan hastalıklardan olup etkenlerin görülme
sıklığı ve mevsimsel dağılımı coğrafi bölgeler arasında
farklılıklar gösterebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Süleyman
Demirel Üniversitesi Araştırma ve Uygulama
Hastanesi’ne başvuran hastalarda solunum yolu etkenlerinin
prevalansı ve mevsimsel dağılımının belirlenmesi
amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı’na 1 Ocak 2019-31
Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında akut solunum yolu enfeksiyonu
ön tanısı alan hastalardan gönderilen solunum
yolu örnekleri, multipleks gerçek zamanlı polimeraz
zincir reaksiyonu (MRT-PCR) yöntemi (FTD
Respiratory Pathogens 21 plus, Fast Track Diagnostics,
Luxembourg) ile viral ve bakteriyel etkenlerin varlığı
açısından araştırıldı. Yirmisi çocuk, 100’ü erişkin
toplam 120 hastanın sonuçları retrospektif olarak incelendi.
Bulgular
Örneklerin 71 (%59.2)’inde bir veya birden fazla etken
pozitifliği saptanırken, 49 (%40.8)’unda etken
saptanmadı. Çocuk hastaların 9’unda (%45), erişkinlerin
62’sinde (%62) pozitiflik saptandı. Enfeksiyona
en sık yol açan viral ve bakteriyel etkenler sırasıyla
rinovirüs ve Streptococcus pneumoniae olarak belirlendi.
Rinovirüs (n=20) ve S.pneumoniae (n=16) yıl
boyunca saptanırken, koronavirüslerin (n=15) kış ve
ilkbahar aylarında, influenza virüsleri (n=9) ve solunum
sinsityal virüs (RSV) A/B’nin (n=8) kış aylarında
daha sıklıkla enfeksiyona neden oldukları gözlendi.
Sonuç
Solunum yolu patojenlerinin moleküler yöntemlerle
tanımlanmasına yönelik ilimizde yapılan ilk araştırma
özelliğini taşıyan bu çalışmada, çocuklarda ve erişkinlerde
en sık saptanan etkenlerin sırasıyla RSV A/B
ve rinovirüs olduğu görülmüştür. Solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarından
sorumlu viral ve bakteriyel etkenlerin MRT-PCR yöntemiyle eş zamanlı,
hızlı ve duyarlı bir şekilde tespiti, gereksiz antibiyotik kullanımının önlen-
multipmesi ve enfeksiyon kontrolü açısından klinisyenlere
yol gösterici olacaktır.
Crustal Architecture of Puerto Rico Using Body-Wave Seismic Tomography and High-Resolution Earthquake Relocation
Authors: Lin Guoqing , Huerfano Victor A. , Fan Wenyuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPuerto Rico is a highly seismically active island, where several damaging historical earthquakes have occurred and frequent small events persist. It situates at the boundary between the Caribbean and North American plates, featuring a complex fault system. Here, we investigate the seismotectonic crustal structure of the island by interpreting the 3D compressional-wave velocity VP and compressional- to shear-wave velocity ratio VP/VS models and by analyzing the distribution of the relocated earthquakes. The 3D velocity models are obtained by applying the simul2000 tomographic inversion algorithm based on the phase arrivals recorded by the Puerto Rico seismic network. We find high-VP and low-VP/VS anomalies in the eastern and central province between the Great Northern Puerto Rico fault zone and the Great Southern Puerto Rico fault zone, correlating with the Utuado pluton. Further, there are low-VP anomalies beneath both the Great Southern Puerto Rico fault zone and the South Lajas fault, indicating northerly dipping structures from the southwest to the northwest of the island. We relocate 19,095 earthquakes from May 2017 to April 2021 using the new 3D velocity model and waveform cross-correlation data. The relocated seismicity shows trends along the Investigator fault, the Ponce faults, the Guayanilla rift, and the Punta Montalva fault. The majority of the 2019–2021 Southwestern Puerto Rico earthquakes are associated with the Punta Montalva fault. Earthquakes forming 17° northward-dipping structures at various depths possibly manifest continuation of the Muertos trough, along which the Caribbean plate is being subducted beneath the Puerto Rico microplate. Our results show complex fault geometries of a diffuse fault network, suggesting possible subduction process accommodated by faults within a low-velocity zone.
Adli Tıpta Hipoksik İskemik Ensefalopati
Authors: Yıldız Silahlı Nicel , Celkan Tiraje 
Published: December 2021

Neonatal encephalopathy is a clinical picture with convulsion, respiratory depression and hypotonia "appeared" in babies born at 35 weeks and after the first month. The clinical picture detected in the cases varies. When Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is suspected clinically, all causes should be evaluated except for reasons belonging to the mother, the placenta or the child. Many cases that cause medico-legal problems have been reported between the parents and the parents who are in a healthy baby's care and the physicians attending their birth. After determining that a significant part of the forensic medical files is the HIE that obstetrics and neonatal physicians are accused together or individually, we aimed to draw attention to this issue and to reveal the reasons for the malfunctions and errors, if any. Meanwhile, we aimed to develop an algorithm that physicians who evaluate HIE in forensic medicine can use while examining the file and provide the same language and perspective.
Performance Of Islamic Law In Indonesia In The Fields Of Civil, Private Law, Public Law And Ethics
Authors: Arifin Zarul 
Published: December 2021

Abstrak.Wacana tentang hubungan Islam dan negara masih menjadi pembahasan yang menarik. Masalahnya, Indonesia negara yang mayoritas warganya beragama Islam tidak menjadikan hukum Islam sebagai dasar konstitusinya, namun Indonesia juga bukan negara sekuler. Indonesia dapat dikatakan sebagai negara yang moderat, dimana hukum ketatanegaraan tidak bertentangan dengan hukum Islam Hukum Islam di tengah masyarakat Indonesia mempunyai kedudukan yang lebih penting dari pada dua ciri hukum lainnya yaitu hukum positif dan hukum hukum, tetapi tentunya tidak secara normatif atau ideologis. rasa ordogmatis, lebih secara tekstual tetapi secara kultural. Islam sebagai agama yang dianut oleh mayoritas penduduk Indonesia tentunya sangat mempengaruhi gaya hidup bangsa Indonesia. Dalam pandangan masyarakat Indonesia, hukum Islam merupakan bagian penting dari ajaran agama dan Islam merupakan ruang utama ekspresi pengalaman beragama dan menentukan keberlangsungan serta identitas sejarahnya.Kata kunci. Kinerja, Hukum Islam, Indonesia.Abstract. The discourse on the relationship between Islam and the state is still being discussedwhich are interesting. The problem is that Indonesia is a country with a majority of its citizensbeing Muslim does not make Islamic law the basis of its constitution.However, Indonesia is also not a secular country. Indonesia cansaid to be a moderate country, where the constitutional law does not contradict Islamic lawIslamic law in the midst of Indonesian society has a positionwhich is more important than the two other legal features, positive law and lawadat, but certainly not in a normative or ideological sense ordogmatic, more so textually but culturally. Islam, as the religion embraced by the majority of Indonesia's population, certainly greatly influences the lifestyle of the Indonesian nation. In the view of Indonesian society, Islamic law is an important part of religious teachings and Islam is a space for the main expression of religious experience and determines its continuity and historical identity.Keyword. Performance, Islamic Law, Indonesia.
Settlement Of Divorce Dispute Through The Forum Of Mediation In Judicial Institutions As An Effort Of Legal Protection For The Rights And Interests Of The Child Of Post-Divorce
Authors: Salamah Ummu 
Published: December 2021

Abstrak: Proses mediasi merupakan upaya alternatiif dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan pada aspek hukum keluarga terutama pada hak dan kepentingan anak-anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk dapat memastikan adanya perlindungan pada anak-anak akibat perceraian orang tuanya melalui jalur mediasi. Target khusus yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini agar anak-anak korban perceraian tidak dirugikan akan hak-haknya. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normative, setelah mengkaji sumber data yang didapatkan melalui kepustakaan juga menelaah hasil mediasi di Pengadilan Agama yang terdapat dalam Akta Perdamaian.Kata Kunci: mediasi, peradilan, Akta PerdamaianAbstract: The mediation process is an alternative effort in the family law, particularly in solving problems on the rights and interests of the child. The purpose of this research is to ensure the protection of children of divorced parents through mediation. The specific targets to be achieved in this study is that children as victims of divorce are not deprived of their rights. Normative legal research method is applied in examining the data obtained through literature review and also by examining the results of mediation in the Settlement Agreement at the Religious Courts.Keywords: Mediation, Judicial, Settlement Agreement
Las acciones representativas de cesación y reparación: misión y visión del modelo comunitario europeo
Authors: Ragone Alvaro Pérez 
Published: December 2021

Este es un estudio descriptivo-evolutivo, dogmático y comparado sobre los procesos colectivos de la Unión Europea. El 25 de noviembre de 2020, la Unión adoptó uno de sus instrumentos legales más esperados: la primera legislación, que supuestamente creará un mecanismo de accióncolectiva de alcance europeo para el alivio monetario. De acuerdo con la Directiva 2020/1828 sobre acciones representativas para la protección de los intereses colectivos de los consumidores, y por la que se deroga la Directiva 2009/22/CE, los Estados miembros deben adoptar la incorporación de las medidas antes del 25 de diciembre de 2021, y darles efecto y aplicarlas a las acciones de representación que se interpongan a partir del 25 de junio de 2023.El movimiento europeo por el litigio colectivo comenzó hace aproximadamente tres décadas. Obtuvo el reconocimiento oficial europeo en el derecho de la competencia en 2005, gracias al Libro Verde de la Comisión Europea sobre acciones por daños y perjuicios por incumplimiento de las normas antimonopolio de la Unión Europea, seguido por el Libro Blanco en 2008. Desde el año 2013 hasta la emisión de la reciente directiva de 2020, la particularidad de la tutela resarcitoria y de cesación colectiva comunitaria ha demostrado ser holística, a diferencia del modelo de la class action de Estados Unidos.Este trabajo analiza los tres pilares de la visión europea sobre los procesos de reparación colectiva, a saber: a) los mecanismos extrajudiciales de alternative dispute resolution, b) los mecanismos regulatorios y de políticas públicas y c) los procesos o litigios colectivos. El juego de estos tres pilares hace que la mirada de la Unión Europea sobre la materia resulte singular al proponer un sistema de incentivos, prudencia y salvaguardas.