bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of Corrupt Behavior Practices of Village Officials through Web Portals in Indonesia 2019
Authors: Triyono Agus 
Published: January 2021

The role of online mass media in this period became very important in disseminating information to the public. Online media such as news.detik.com and jateng.tribunnews.com have become one of the media that has reported a lot about village funds. However, the two online masses have their styles in constructing village fund news in Central Java, especially concerning several corruption cases that involve village officials.
This study aims to analyze the construction of village officials behavior through the framing of the web portal 1 and web portal 2 in the corruption case of village funds in Central Java, Indonesia.
This research is a qualitative type with a descriptive approach. The data collection method used documentation study from the web portal 1 and web portal 2.
The research partisipants were the news content of web portal 1 and web portal 2 for the period 2019. The analysis used was the framing analysis model of Zhong Dang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki.
The finding of this research is that the news from web portal 1 highlights the "how" and "why" aspects. Web portal 2 has more news about live news and is oriented in advance and actuality based on quick publication than web portal 1.
Conclusion: web portal 1 in explaining the corruption of village funds deeper than web portal 2. This news has influenced the behavior patterns of village officials in carrying out village government duties.
Nutritional and Consumers Behavior towards Street Foods
Authors: Verma Ruchi , Mishra Sunita 
Published: January 2021

Street foods plays vital role for low and middle income group of urban peoples of developing countries, street foods meets food and nutritional requirements at very affordable prices for peoples all over the world. Mostly street foods are unhealthy foods, which is increased by high risk of contamination through physical, chemical and biological components which occurs a grave concern in the form of food safety and security. Street foods are nutritionally rich and these are rich source of carbohydrates and fats, eating which increases the risk of chronic non communicable diseases. Street foods may the increases risk of foodborne illnesses, which is the reason of food contamination through the microorganisms and so that food poisoning are developed. Due to lack of facilities, cheap raw materials, also lack of education and insufficient knowledge (GMP) of street food handlers, can cause foodborne diseases and chronic non-communicable diseases, and with which strongly influence on Food Safety, Nutritional Value and health of school children’s and all urban peoples of developing countries. To troubleshoot all these problems proper health authorities should regulate the marketing of street food products and start a proper training program for the urban street food handlers and school based street food handlers, which is related to food safety, food security, foodborne diseases and non communicable diseases. In addition, the inclusion of food safety and food security in school courses will provide opportunities for all peoples and school children’s to becomes aware about food safety, food security and nutrition. however, street foods are oftentimes an unhealthy diet and notwithstanding, street foods meet peoples dietary needs. Street food vending have occurred a vital public health issues and a major consideration to everybody. The objective of this study to describe nutritional issues of street foods to the diet, Nutritional Value of Street Foods, consumers eating habits and its impact on Health. It is necessary that, the standards suggested by the Codex Alimentarius Commission and WHO should be included, to contribute to nutritional security of street foods and public health.
Comparative Analysis and Regenerative Studies of Alkaline Modified Groundnut Shell as Adsorbent for the Removal of Oil Layer from Polluted Water
Authors: Ezenwa Okoro Sylvanus , Ogochukwu Nwabueze Henrietta 
Published: January 2021

This work focuses on the comparative analysis and regenerative studies of alkaline modified groundnut shell as adsorbent for the removal of oil layer from water surface. The groundnut shell was carbonized at 800°C before chemical activation. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and UV/VIS Spectrophotometer were used in characterizing the adsorbents. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to determine the effect of process conditions on the percentage removal. Regeneration studies was applied to investigate the reusability of the adsorbent after each batch of experiments. SEM characterization revealed that micro porous space on the surface of the adsorbent (groundnut shell) increased significantly after activation. The surface area of the composite increased from 28.5cm2 to 87.9cm2 after activation. pH of point zero charge ranging from to revealed negative charge predominance on the surface of the adsorbents and adsorption was found to be very fast at low pH due to strong electrostatic force between oil layer and ion diffusion on the adsorbent surface. The optimum adsorption time was found to be 100 minutes with 79.4% oil removal.at pH of 6.9. Regeneration of the adsorbent after each batch of experiments shows that the surface area remained intact at 77.8cm2 which is almost equal to the modified (unused) adsorbent. Experiments with the regenerated adsorbent shows that 84.89% of oil was removed at oil water ratio of 0.2g/100cm3 against 88.56% of oil removed using the modified adsorbent at the same oil water ratio. Thus, the sorption process was feasible, spontaneous, rapid and showed high performance with a proven ability of the adsorbent to be regenerated after use. However, the present approach has the advantage of simplicity, less time consuming and most importantly, low cost considering the availability of groundnut shell at no cost.
Prevalence, Pattern and Monitoring of Adverse Drug Reaction in Tertiary Care Psychiatry Setting- A Hospital Based Study in South Kerala
Authors: Dharman Dhanya , Krishnan S. Parimala , Ravikumar K. G 
Published: January 2021

Pharmacovigilance programs usually aim to gather information on the effect of prescribed drugs in the real world rather than in groups of short-lived and carefully selected clinical trial populations. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) associated with psychiatric medications may vary among different populations. As compared with other fields, in Kerala the research related to ADRs and Prescription patterns in psychiatry is scarce. A hospital based cross sectional observational study was undertaken in the Mental Health Centre, Trivandrum. All psychiatric drugs were closely monitor for adverse drug reaction irrespective of their psychiatric diagnosis. CDSCO Suspected adverse drug reaction reporting form was used for the documentation of adverse drug reaction and the causality assessment was done with naranjo scale .The severity of ADR was assessed using Hartwing scale and Preventability assessment using Modified schumock. In this study it was found the highest incident of ADR was reported with risperidone (24%) followed by valproate (20.1%), clozapine (17%) etc. The patient in psychiatry cant identify the adverse effect due to the cognitive impairment. So special attention is necessary for psychiatric patient to find out the incidence of adverse drug reaction and provide the proper management to them.
Impact of COVID-19 on Cardiovascular Patients and Review of Current COVID-19 Treatment Strategies
Authors: Alfawaz Dalal A. , Alfawaz Mohammed , Almutawa Ali M. 
Published: January 2021

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has severely affected global health and caused a significant health burden worldwide, particularly in patients with cardiovascular insult. Worldwide, the COVID-19 confirmed cases number reached 81,658,440 cases with 1,802,206 deaths stated to the world health organization by January 1, 2021. Many risk factors, such as the elderly, diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular illness, like coronary disease, cardiomyopathy, and hypertension; put people at high vulnerability with COVID-19 infection. Many cardiovascular insults directly occur because of COVID-19 infection as myocarditis, pericarditis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, thromboembolic events, or arrhythmias. This review aims to shed light on different management modalities for COVID-19 and discuss the impact of COVID-19 on underlying cardiovascular comorbidities. Our hope lies in the COVID-19 vaccine as the best promising plan against the pandemic with the antiviral medications. Till the availability of antiviral agents and effective vaccines, repurposing drugs therapy would continue to be the mainstream. Cardiovascular diseases may be caused by or precedent conditions in COVID-19 patients. The physicians and the medical staff should be up-to-date regarding probable complications with COVID-19.
An analytical expression for R50% dependent on PTV surface area and volume: A cranial SRS comparison
Authors: Desai Dharmin D. , Johnson E. L. , Cordrey Ivan L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe intermediate dose spill for a stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) plan can be quantified with the metric R50%, defined as the 50% isodose cloud volume (VIDC50%) divided by the volume of the planning target volume (PTV). By coupling sound physical principles with the basic definition of R50%, we derive an analytical expression for R50% for a spherical PTV. Our analytical expression depends on three quantities: the surface area of PTV (SAPTV), the volume of PTV (VPTV), and the distance of dose drop‐off to 50% (Δr). The value of ∆r was obtained from a simple set of cranial phantom plan calculations. We generate values from our analytical expression for R50% (R50%Analytic) and compare the values to clinical R50% values (R50%Clinical) extracted from a previously published SRS data set that spans the VPTV range from 0.15 to 50.1 cm3. R50%Analytic is smaller than R50%Clinical in all cases by an average of 15% ± 7%, and the general trend of R50%Clinical vs VPTV is reflected in the same trend of R50%Analytic. This comparison suggests that R50%Analytic could represent a theoretical lower limit for the clinical SRS data; further investigation is required to confirm this. R50%Analytic could provide useful guidance for what might be achievable in SRS planning.
Highly Breathable and Stretchable Strain Sensors with Insensitive Response to Pressure and Bending
Authors: Liu Zekun , Zheng Yan , Jin Lu , Chen Kaili , Zhai Heng , Huang Qiyao , Chen Zhongda , Yi Yangpeiqi , Umar Muhammad , Xu Lulu , Li Gang , Song Qingwen , Yue Pengfei , Li Yi , Zheng Zijian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWearable tensile strain sensors have aroused substantial attention on account of their exciting applications in rebuilding tactile inputs of human and intelligent robots. Conventional such devices, however, face the dilemma of both sensitive response to pressure and bending stimulations, and poor breathability for wearing comfort. In this paper, a breathable, pressure and bending insensitive strain sensor is reported, which presents fascinating properties including high sensitivity and remarkable linearity (gauge factor of 49.5 in strain 0–100%, R2 = 99.5%), wide sensing range (up to 200%), as well as superior permeability to moisture, air, and water vapor. On the other hand, it exhibits negligible response to wide‐range pressure (0–100 kPa) and bending (0–75%) inputs. This work provides a new route for achieving wearing comfortable, high‐performance, and anti‐jamming strain sensors.
Design Strategy for Transformative Electronic System toward Rapid, Bidirectional Stiffness Tuning using Graphene and Flexible Thermoelectric Device Interfaces
Authors: Byun Sang‐Hyuk , Kim Choong Sun , Agno Karen‐Christian , Lee Simok , Li Zhuo , Cho Byung Jin , Jeong Jae‐Woong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectronics with tunable shape and stiffness can be applied in broad range of applications because their tunability allows their use in either rigid handheld form or soft wearable form, depending on needs. Previous research has enabled such reconfigurable electronics by integrating a thermally tunable gallium‐based platform with flexible/stretchable electronics. However, supercooling phenomenon caused in the freezing process of gallium impedes reliable and rapid bidirectional rigid–soft conversion, limiting the full potential of this type of “transformative” electronics. Here, materials and electronics design strategies are reported to develop a transformative system with a gallium platform capable of fast reversible mechanical switching. In this electronic system, graphene is used as a catalyst to accelerate the heterogeneous nucleation of gallium to mitigate the degree of supercooling. Additionally, a flexible thermoelectric device is integrated as a means to provide active temperature control to further reduce the time for the solid–liquid transition of gallium. Analytical and experimental results establish the fundamentals for the design and optimized operation of transformative electronics for accelerated bidirectional transformation. Proof‐of‐concept demonstration of a reconfigurable system, which can convert between rigid handheld electronics and a flexible wearable biosensor, demonstrates the potential of this design approach for highly versatile electronics that can support multiple applications.
Observing and Understanding the Corrosion of Silver Nanowire Electrode by Precursor Reagents and MAPbI3 Film in Different Environmental Conditions
Authors: Yan Zheng , Chen Hongye , Li Min , Wen Xiaoyan , Yang Yingping , Choy Wallace C. H. , Lu Haifei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSince metal electrode is an important component in the perovskite solar cells, which can be used as back contact, transparent electrode, and the transparent interlayer of tandem devices, the corrosion of metal electrode by perovskite film, should be understood. Here, the corrosion of conventional reagents of organic–inorganic perovskite material, i.e., CH3NH3X (MAX) and PbX2, X = I, Br, and Cl, against silver nanowire (AgNW) based transparent electrode are investigated under four different environments, i.e., nitrogen protection, light irradiation, oxygen exposure, and moisture exposure, separately. The corrosion process is inspected by monitoring the time‐dependent resistance variation of the electrode coated by the film of precursor reagent. In addition, the perovskite film of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) is also coated on the silver nanowire electrode without or with the hole transporting layer of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) or nanostructured CuSCN for understanding the corrosion process under different environmental conditions. The experimental results presented in this paper would be helpful to the understanding of metal electrode stability in perovskite solar cells.
Shape Transformation Mechanism of Gallium–Indium Alloyed Liquid Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: He Jing , Shi Fenglei , Wu Jianbo , Ye Jian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) spherical liquid metal nanoparticles (NPs) can transform to gallium oxide hydroxide (GaOOH) microrods in water. Nevertheless, the mechanism of this process still remains unrevealed. In this work, the whole shape transformation process of EGaIn NPs is investigated via monitoring the change of NPs’ composition and morphology. Gallium (Ga) element in EGaIn NPs can be oxidized to form gallium oxide, which further reacts with water to generate micrometer‐sized GaOOH crystals. This chemical variation occurs gently at room temperature and is accelerated by heating. With continuous consumption of Ga element, indium condenses to form individual NPs. The dynamic temperature‐dependent dissolution and precipitation of GaOOH microrods in water are further demonstrated. Deep understanding of the mechanism of EGaIn NPs’ shape transformation would provide more approaches to control the surface and bulk properties of NPs for potential applications in various fields including soft robotics, wearable devices, and nanomedicine.
Pushing the Study of Point Defects in Thin Film Ferrites to Low Temperatures Using In Situ Ellipsometry
Authors: Tang Yunqing , Chiabrera Francesco , Morata Alex , Garbayo Iñigo , Alayo Nerea , Tarancón Albert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnveiling point defects concentration in transition metal oxide thin films is essential to understand and eventually control their functional properties, employed in an increasing number of applications and devices. Despite this unquestionable interest, there is a lack of available experimental techniques able to estimate the defect chemistry and equilibrium constants in such oxides at intermediate‐to‐low temperatures. In this study, the defect chemistry of a relevant material such as La1−xSrxFeO3−δ (LSF) with (x = 0.2, 0.4 and 0.5 (LSF20, LSF40 and LSF50 respectively) is obtained by using a novel in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry approach applied to thin films. Through this technique, the concentration of holes in LSF is correlated to measured optical properties and its evolution with temperature and oxygen partial pressure is determined. In this way, a systematic description of defect chemistry in LSF thin films in the temperature range from 350 °C to 500 °C is obtained for the first time, which represents a step forward in the understanding of LSF20, LSF40 and LSF50 for emerging low temperature applications.
High‐Power Broadband NIR LEDs Enabled by Highly Efficient Blue‐to‐NIR Conversion
Authors: Basore Endale Tamiru , Wu Huajun , Xiao Wenge , Zheng Guojun , Liu Xiaofeng , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) with broadband near‐infrared (NIR) emission have emerged as compact light sources for portable NIR spectroscopy. However, the associated broadband NIR phosphors suffer from low quantum efficiency (QE) and severe thermal quenching. Here the realization of highly efficient (internal QE ≈ 90%) and nearly zero‐thermal‐quenching broad NIR emission in Cr3+ and Yb3+ codoped Gd3Sc1.5Al0.5Ga3O12 (GSGG) via efficient energy transfer from Cr3+ to Yb3+ is reported, whereby a high‐performance NIR pc‐LED is obtained that can generate ultra‐broad‐band NIR emission covering the whole range of 700−1100 nm with high output power (50 mW at a current of 100 mA) and high photoelectric efficiency (24% at a current of 10 mA). The results not only demonstrate that Cr3+ and Yb3+ codoped GSGG has great potential for compact NIR light sources, but also indicate that the strategy of energy transfer can be exploited for developing new NIR phosphors with both high QE and thermal stability.
Toward Full‐Color Tunable Chiroptical Electrothermochromic Devices Based on a Supramolecular Chiral Photonic Material
Authors: Jiang Shun‐An , Chang Jia‐Lun , Lin Jyun‐Wei , Zhang Yan‐Song , Mo Ting‐Shan , Lin Jia‐De , Lee Chia‐Rong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTraditional electrochromic devices change the color of electrochromic materials by mainly transforming the absorption band of the materials electrically, which leads to low schedulable color selection and color performance of such materials after electrochromism. Although the addition of an interference‐enhanced nanocavity can improve this issue, achieving full‐color controllability on a single electrochromic device is still a huge challenge. This study first demonstrates a near‐full‐color tunable chiroptical electrothermochromic device using a supramolecular chiral photonic material called ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC)‐doped cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) (FLC‐CLC). Experimental results show that the pitch of the CLC can be elongated significantly by doping a low concentration of FLC (≈4 wt%) such that the photonic bandgap (PBG) redshifts from blue to the shortwave near‐infrared region at near room temperature. Based on this fascinating feature, the PBG of the FLC‐CLC can be tuned electrically over the entire visible region with high color performance at near room temperature in a low‐voltage range (≤3 V) via the efficient electrothermal effect of the indium‐tin‐oxide‐coated substrate of the sample. Two potential low‐voltage tunable applications based on electrothermochromic FLC‐CLC materials, namely, a broadband tunable laser and a near‐full‐color tunable coaxial microfibric textile, are demonstrated in the study.
Effective Transmission Modulation at Telecommunication Wavelengths through Continuous Metal Films Using Coupling between Borophene Plasmons and Magnetic Polaritons
Authors: Nong Jinpeng , Feng Fu , Min Changjun , Yuan Xiaocong , Somekh Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOptical modulation has been recognized as one of the most important operations in photonics. The use of 2D materials that support highly confined plasmonic modes allows one to manipulate light at the extreme subwavelength scale, thus significantly shrinking the size of the modulator, with potential for major advances in the state of art of existing devices. Here, a prototype plasmonic modulator is theoretically presented for the effective transmission modulation through a continuous metal film enabled by the strong coupling between anisotropic borophene surface plasmonic (BSP) modes and magnetic polaritons (MP) modes. Simulations reveal that plasmonic absorption in borophene within the grating slits can efficiently suppress the extraordinary optical transmission induced by the MP mode, resulting in the effective transmission modulation. By dynamically tuning the borophene electron density to decouple or couple BSP mode with MP mode, high modulation efficiency of 98.6% at 1550 nm can be achieved for borophene along both crystal axes, indicating excellent performance of the designed modulator via such mechanism. These results illustrate the potential of strong BSP–MP coupling as a promising strategy to realize the transmission modulation for optoelectronic applications.
Applications of Discrete Synthetic Macromolecules in Life and Materials Science: Recent and Future Trends
Authors: Aksakal Resat , Mertens Chiel , Soete Matthieu , Badi Nezha , Du Prez Filip 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the last decade, the field of sequence‐defined polymers and related ultraprecise, monodisperse synthetic macromolecules has grown exponentially. In the early stage, mainly articles or reviews dedicated to the development of synthetic routes toward their preparation have been published. Nowadays, those synthetic methodologies, combined with the elucidation of the structure–property relationships, allow envisioning many promising applications. Consequently, in the past 3 years, application‐oriented papers based on discrete synthetic macromolecules emerged. Hence, material science applications such as macromolecular data storage and encryption, self‐assembly of discrete structures and foldamers have been the object of many fascinating studies. Moreover, in the area of life sciences, such structures have also been the focus of numerous research studies. Here, it is aimed to highlight these recent applications and to give the reader a critical overview of the future trends in this area of research.