bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graduated Compression Stockings Reduce the Venous Velocity Augmentation of Foot Pumps
Authors: Higgs David , Uglow Michael , Fail Theresa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of the A-V Impulse System of foot pumps and graduated compression stockings to reduce the incidence of thrombo-embolic disease after total hip arthroplasty is well recognised. It is not known if they have a synergistic effect as all clinical trials have used them in combination.We examined the effect compression stockings had on the ability of the A-V Impulse System to accelerate peak venous velocities in the common femoral vein in ten healthy volunteers using a duplex scanner.The use of foot pumps without stockings produced the greatest increase in peak venous velocity and this was 34% greater than using a foot pump with stockings.It is not known if this difference could account for a reduction in thrombo-embolic episodes and so we propose a randomised clinical trial.
SARS-CoV-2 surveillance strategy in essential workers of the Madrid City Council during the first epidemic wave in Spain, March–July 2020
Authors: Martínez-Cortés Mercedes , León-Dominguez Carmen Maria , Fernandez-Pinero Jovita , Rodriguez Mercedes , Almonacid Mercedes , Ferrari Maria José , Romero Rosario , Antona Alfonso , Rivas M. Dolores , de La Fuente Miguel , Pérez-Gómez Beatriz , Pollán Marina 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo study prevalence of infection in essential workers of Madrid City Council by occupation, related characteristics, use of protective devices, risk perception, and main concerns about COVID-19 during lockdown.MethodsA total of 30 231 workers were PCR tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Information was collected on COVID-19-related symptoms, risk factors, preventive equipment, and risk perception. The crude prevalence was calculated for infection, use of protective devices, perceived risk and main concerns. Additionally, adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated for these variables using logistic regression models with age, gender, occupation, epidemiological week and laboratory as confounding factors.ResultsOverall prevalence of infection was 3.2% (95% CI 3.0% to 3.4%), being higher among policemen (4.4%) and bus drivers (4.2%), but lower among emergency healthcare personnel, firefighters, food market workers and burial services (<2%). Lower excess risk was observed in workers reporting occupational contact with COVID-19 cases only (PR=1.42; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.71) compared with household exposure only (PR=2.75; 95% CI 2.32 to 3.25). Infection was more frequent in symptomatic workers (PR=1.28; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.48), although 42% of detected infections were asymptomatic. Use of facial masks (78.7%) and disinfectants (86.3%) was common and associated with lower infection prevalence (PRmasks=0.68; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.79; PRdisinfectants=0.75; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.91). Over 50% of workers felt being at high risk of infection and worried about infecting others, yet only 2% considered quitting their work.ConclusionsThis surveillance system allowed for detecting and isolating SARS-CoV-2 cases among essential workers, identifying characteristics related to infection and use of protective devices, and revealing specific needs for work-safety information and psychological support.
Native owned and grown or demeaning and offensive? American Indian adults’ perspectives on Natural American Spirit branded cigarettes
Authors: Epperson Anna E , Prochaska Judith J 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionOwned by a major US tobacco company with no American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) tribal affiliation, Natural American Spirit (NAS) cigarette packs feature an American Indian warrior, thunderbird and peace pipe. The current study examined AI/AN adults’ perceptions of NAS cigarette packs in the US, which have not been reported on prior.MethodsAI/AN adults were recruited via Qualtrics national panels (n=500; 64% female, age M=39.9 years, 47% current smokers) in 2020. After viewing NAS pack images online (front, back and sides), participants were asked about NAS tribal affiliation, health perceptions and purchase intentions. Participants also wrote-in what the NAS pack logos meant to them.ResultsMost participants (65%) believed NAS is AI/AN-owned and/or grown on tribal lands. Among current smokers, beliefs of an AI/AN affiliation were associated with misperceptions of NAS being a healthier cigarette and with greater intention to purchase NAS cigarettes (p’s<0.01). Participants who did not believe NAS was grown or owned by AI/AN tribes were more likely to describe the NAS warrior logo as cultural misappropriation (17%) than participants who believed NAS was AI/AN tribally affiliated (4%, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe findings indicate a dichotomy in beliefs among surveyed AI/AN adults regarding NAS brand cigarettes. A majority held the misconception that NAS is tribally affiliated, while an informed and concerned minority characterised the branding as cultural misappropriation. The current packaging is reasonably expected to result in beliefs that NAS cigarettes are AI/AN tribally affiliated, and these beliefs may be associated with misperceptions of lesser harm.
Investigating the Relationship of Test Anxiety and Time Management with Academic Procrastination in Students of Health Professions
Authors: Roshanisefat Sarvenaz , Azizi Seyyed Mohsen , Khatony Alireza 
Published: October 2021

Academic procrastination is a harmful phenomenon among students and has many negative consequences. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of test anxiety and time management with academic procrastination in students of health professions. The population of this correlational study consisted of 281 Iranian students of health professions. The Tuckman Procrastination Scale, Time Management Scale, and Sarason’s Test Anxiety Scale were used to measure the variables. Pearson’s correlation and multivariate regression tests were also performed. The mean score of students’ academic procrastination was higher than the average level. A significantly negative correlation was found between time management and academic procrastination (r = −0.487,

P

≤ 0.01). Additionally, there was a significantly positive correlation between test anxiety and academic procrastination (r = 0.443,

P

≤ 0.01). The linear regression model indicated that independent predictors including time management and test anxiety accounted for 32.6% of the variation in academic procrastination (R2 = 32.6%). The findings of this study indicated that test anxiety and time management were associated with academic procrastination. Therefore, purposeful educational and psychological interventions are required to reduce academic procrastination in students.
Effect of Penetration Electroacupuncture Combined with Intermediate Frequency Electrotherapy, Facial Acupoint Massage, and Cervical Reduction on Facial Nerve Function and Curative Effect of Senile Refractory Facial Paralysis
Authors: Wang Xiao-Jun , He Ni-Na , Ji Wen-Bin , Yu Li , Zhang Ping 
Published: October 2021

Objective. This study aimed to explore the curative effects on senile refractory facial paralysis treated by penetration electroacupuncture combined with intermediate frequency electrotherapy, facial acupoint massage, and cervical reduction on facial nerve. Methods. 106 elderly patients with intractable facial paralysis that were retrospectively analyzed were all admitted from January 2019 to June 2020. The 106 patients were evenly divided into 2 groups according to the treatment method. The control group was treated with penetration electroacupuncture, while the observation group was treated with penetration electroacupuncture plus intermediate frequency electrotherapy + facial acupoint massage + cervical reduction treatment. Then, House–Brackmann (H-B) facial nerve function evaluation, RPA score, TCM syndrome score, disease remission rate, and incidence of adverse events were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results. After 4 weeks of treatment, the H-B facial nerve function grading in the observation group was better than that in the control group (

P

< 0.05). And the disease remission rate after 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks of treatment was higher than that in the control group (

P

< 0.05). Meanwhile, the TCM syndrome score and RPA score after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment were better than that in the control group (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. For the elderly patients with refractory facial paralysis, the application of the combined treatment that penetration electroacupuncture + medium frequency electrotherapy + facial acupoint massage + cervical adjustment can significantly improve the facial nerve function and reduce various diseases, and the effect of this combined treatment plan is more significant than that of penetration electroacupuncture treatment.
Firefighters for the Wrong Type of Inflammation in Tumors
Authors: Melero Ignacio , Teijeira Alvaro , Aranda Fernando , Berraondo Pedro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Summary:
In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Pelly and colleagues show that inhibition of prostaglandin E2 synthesis or its activity on EP2 and EP4 receptors synergizes with anti–PD-1 immunotherapy and triggers a potent intratumoral IFNγ response in mouse models and in fresh surgical human tumor explants. This therapeutic strategy is in line with other interventions that aim at fostering immunotherapy by means of quenching protumor inflammation.
See related article by Pelly et al., p. 2602.
Toward a Systematic Evaluation of Warm Conveyor Belts in Numerical Weather Prediction and Climate Models. Part II: Verification of Operational Reforecasts
Authors: Wandel Jan , Quinting Julian F. , Grams Christian M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWarm conveyor belts (WCBs) associated with extratropical cyclones transport air from the lower troposphere into the tropopause region and contribute to upper-level ridge building and the formation of blocking anticyclones. Recent studies indicate that this constitutes an important source and magnifier of forecast uncertainty and errors in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. However, a systematic evaluation of the representation of WCBs in NWP models has yet to be determined. Here, we employ the logistic regression models developed in Part I to identify the inflow, ascent, and outflow stages of WCBs in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) subseasonal reforecasts for Northern Hemisphere winter in the period January 1997 to December 2017. We verify the representation of these WCB stages in terms of systematic occurrence frequency biases, forecast reliability, and forecast skill. Systematic WCB frequency biases emerge already at early lead times of around 3 days with an underestimation for the WCB outflow over the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific of around 40% relative to climatology. Biases in the predictor variables of the logistic regression models can partially explain these biases in WCB inflow, ascent, or outflow. Despite an overconfidence in predicting high WCB probabilities, skillful WCB forecasts are on average possible up to a lead time of 8–10 days with more skill over the North Pacific compared to the North Atlantic region. Our results corroborate that the current limited forecast skill for the large-scale extratropical circulation on subseasonal time scales beyond 10 days might be tied to the representation of WCBs and associated upscale error growth.
Ethical tensions in occupational therapy practice: Conflicts and competing allegiances
Authors: Durocher Evelyne , Kinsella Elizabeth Anne 
Published: October 2021

Background. Ethical tensions inevitably arise in practice in light of diverse agendas embedded in practice contexts. Such tensions can contribute to moral distress and lead to professional burnout and attrition. Despite potentially serious implications, little work has been done to examine how various allegiances in occupational therapy practice can set up ethical tensions. Purpose. In this article, we present findings of an exploratory study examining conflicting allegiances in occupational therapy. Method. Using collective case study methodology, we examined ethical tensions reported by seven occupational therapists practicing in different settings in Southwestern Ontario. Findings. Ethical tensions were seen to arise in ways that highlighted competing allegiances to participants’ own values, clients, others in the context, colleagues, employers, and regulatory colleges. Implications. The findings open a discussion informing how practice settings can better facilitate practice directed at responding to client needs while also meeting the various demands imposed on occupational therapists.
Trends in Deaths Fully Attributable to Alcohol in Minnesota, 2000-2018
Authors: Braun Nicholas J. , Gloppen Kari M. , Roesler Jon 
Published: October 2021

Objective Overall trends in rates of fully alcohol-attributable mortality may mask disparities among demographic groups. We investigated overall, demographic, and geographic trends in fully alcohol-attributable mortality rates in Minnesota. Methods We obtained mortality data from Minnesota death certificates and defined fully alcohol-attributable deaths as deaths that would not occur in the absence of alcohol. We calculated age-adjusted death rates during 2000-2018 using 5-year moving averages stratified by decedents’ characteristics and geographic location. Results Chronic conditions accounted for most of the alcohol-attributable deaths in Minnesota (89% during 2014-2018). Alcohol-attributable mortality rates per 100 000 population increased from an average rate of 8.0 during 2000-2004 to 12.6 during 2014-2018. During 2000-2018, alcohol-attributable mortality rates were highest among males (vs females), adults aged 55-64 (vs other ages), and American Indian/Alaska Native people (vs other racial and ethnic groups) and lowest among people aged ≤24 years and Asian or Pacific Islander people. During 2014-2018, the alcohol-attributable mortality rate among American Indian/Alaska Native people was more than 5 times higher than the overall mortality rate in Minnesota. Conclusions Results from this study may increase awareness of racial and ethnic disparities and continuing health inequities and inform public health prevention efforts, such as those recommended by the Community Preventive Services Task Force, including regulating alcohol outlet density and increasing alcohol taxes.
TMPRSS4 overexpression promotes the metastasis of colorectal cancer and predicts poor prognosis of stage III–IV colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhao Xue-Feng , Yang Yu-Shen , Gao Da-Zhi , Park Young Kyu 
Published: October 2021

Purpose To study in detail the expression pattern and prognostic significance of TMPRSS4 in colorectal cancer. Methods The expression of TMPRSS4 protein was determined using Western blot in the colorectal cancer tissues and normal tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the TMPRSS4 expression in colorectal cancer tissues, and the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic significance were analyzed. Results TMPRSS4 overexpression was associated with tumor budding, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, cancerous emboli, infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and tumor node metastasis stage ( P < 0.05 for all). Interestingly, TMPRSS4 expression in the tumor budding, tumor emboli, lymph node, and liver metastatic tumor samples was higher than in the paired primary tumors. In contrast, TMPRSS4 overexpression is inversely correlated with both the overall survival and the disease-free survival of the patients with colorectal cancer ( P < 0.05 for both). Also, we found that TMPRSS4 is only of significance in predicting the prognosis of stage III and IV colorectal cancer, not stage I and II. Conclusions TMPRSS4 was shown to be involved in the whole process of metastasis from tumor budding to lymph node and/or distant metastasis in colorectal cancer and predicted the unfavorable prognosis of stage III–IV, indicating that it is a novel target for the precise treatment of colorectal cancer with lymph node or distant organ metastasis.
Early Versus Late Sternal Closure in Infants—Perioperative Associations and Outcomes
Authors: Asfari Ahmed , Clark Matthew G. , Hock Kristal M. , Huskey Jordan L. , Rahman A. K. M. F. , Dabal Robert J. , Borasino Santiago 
Published: October 2021

Background: Delayed sternal closure (DSC) has been used for patients who develop bleeding, chest wall edema, and malignant arrhythmia following cardiopulmonary bypass. Multiple factors can influence the timing of when to perform DSC. We aimed to describe our DSC experience in neonates and infants by comparing outcomes between patients undergoing early (<48 hours) versus late DSC (> 48 hours). We explored the associations between specific clinical and laboratory variables and the timing of DSC. Methods: Retrospective chart review of neonates and infants (<one-year-old) with DSC after heart surgery from December 2012 to December 2018. Patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were excluded. Results: A total of 121 patients were included in the analysis, 34% (n = 41) met late DSC criteria. The overall cohort had a 75% survival rate and a median time for open sternum of 42.5 hours (Q1:23-Q3:65). The median time for open sternum in the early and late DSC groups was 24 hours (Q1:21-Q3:43) and 93 hours (Q1:65-Q3:141), respectively ( P < .01). There was no statistical difference in mortality rate between groups. Patients with late DSC endured longer intensive care unit stays (median 24.3 days [Q1:13-Q3:35.3] vs 36.8 [Q1:23.9, 73.6]; P< .01) and a two-fold longer hospital stay compared to the early DSC group (multivariable analysis: relative risk = 2, 95% CI: 1.5-2.7; P < .01). Univariate analysis revealed patients with late DSC had higher median lactates both intraoperatively (7.6 [Q1:5.9-Q3:10.7] vs 9.3 [Q1:7.5-Q3:12.1]; P < .01) and 24 hours postoperatively (6.5 [Q1:4.3-Q3:10.3] vs 8.7 [Q1:5.7-Q3:14.70]; P = .03). A higher vasoactive inotrope score at 36 hours was associated with late DSC (odds ratio = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.01-1.2; P = .02). Conclusions: Future research that explores additional clinical and laboratory variables that can help guide DSC decision-making and timing is needed.
Repeat Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support Is Appropriate in Selected Children With Cardiac Disease: An Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Study
Authors: Alsoufi Bahaaldin , Trivedi Jaimin , Rycus Peter , Sinha Pranava , Deshpande Shriprassad 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Children requiring multiple consecutive extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) runs likely have ongoing cardiac pathology (eg, residual lesions, myocardial dysfunction) and are exposed to increased complications and end-organ failure. Often, repeat back-to-back ECMO is suggested to be futile due to poor reported survival. Methods: Using Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) data (2011-2019), we evaluated children (n = 669) who received multiple cardiac ECMO runs (≥2) within 30 days interval. Factors associated with hospital mortality were evaluated using multivariable regression analysis. Results: Median ECMO runs was 2 (range: 2-5) including 294 (44%) patients who received extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). There were 250 (37%) hospital survivors. Survivors were more likely older, Caucasian, and less likely to have hypoplastic left heart syndrome, require >2 runs, receive longer support duration, require inotropes or have acidosis while on ECMO, or develop renal and neurological complications. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with death included neonates (odds ratio [OR] = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.8-7.5, P = .0002), African Americans (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.4-4.9, P = .0307), longer ECMO duration (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.05-1.11, P < .0001, per 10 hours), central cannulation at initial run (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1-2.8, P = .0285), renal failure (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.9-4.6, P < .0001), and neurological complications (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 2.2-6.8, P < .0001). Conclusions: In selected children with cardiac pathology, multiple back-to-back ECMO and/or ECPR runs are associated with 37% hospital survival. Although registry data limit the ability to clearly determine selection criteria for repeat ECMO, our findings suggest that in properly selected patients, repeat ECMO support is not futile. Ongoing assessment of support adequacy, end-organ function, and cardiopulmonary recovery is necessary as longer support and emerging complications are associated with poor survival.
Applicability and Durability of Valve-Sparing Tetralogy of Fallot Repair
Authors: Stephens Elizabeth H. , Wolfe Brian L. , Talwar Abhinav A. , Patel Angira , Camarda Joseph A. , Eltayeb Osama , Monge Michael C. , Forbess Joseph M. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Although valve-sparing repair remains ideal for patients with tetralogy of Fallot, the durability of valve-sparing repair and which patients may have been better served with a transannular patch remain unclear. Methods: Retrospective review was performed of tetralogy of Fallot operations at our institution from January 2008 to December 2018. Standard demographic data were collected, including echocardiographic parameters, operative details, and clinical outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed comparing the transannular patch and valve-sparing repair groups. Results: Sixty-seven patients underwent tetralogy of Fallot repair with a median age of 4.5 (3.2-6.0) months and weight of 5.8 (5.2, 6.7) kg. Seventeen (25%) patients underwent transannular patch repair and 50 (75%) patients underwent valve-sparing repair. There was no difference in age or weight between patients who underwent a transannular patch repair and those who underwent a valve-sparing repair. At last follow-up (median 42 months), there was a trend of a higher peak pulmonary valve/right ventricular outflow tract gradient ( P = .06) in the valve-sparing group, but no difference in the pulmonary valve annulus z-scores. Additionally, the pulmonary valve z-scores in the valve-sparing group decreased from −2.3 ± 1.0 on predischarge echocardiogram of to −1.2 ± 1.6 on last follow-up, with the peak gradient on predischarge 23 (0-37) mm Hg remaining stable on last follow-up at 18 (0-29) mm Hg. There was one reoperation: pulmonary valve replacement six years after a transannular patch. Conclusions: Obtaining a postrepair pulmonary valve z-score of −2 yields satisfactory, stable valve-sparing repair with pulmonary valve growth, acceptable gradients, minimal regurgitation, and high freedom from reintervention during follow-up.