bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axial Stress Provides a Lower Bound on Shear Wave Velocity in Active and Passive Muscle
Authors: Bernabei Michel , Lee Sabrina S. M. , Perreault Eric J. , Sandercock Thomas G. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTUltrasound shear wave elastography can be used to characterize mechanical properties of unstressed tissue by measuring shear wave velocity (SWV), which increases with increasing tissue stiffness. Measurements of SWV have often been assumed to be directly related to the stiffness of muscle. Some have also used measures of SWV to estimate stress, since muscle stiffness and stress covary during active contractions. However, few have considered the direct influence of muscle stress on SWV, independent of the stress-dependent changes in muscle stiffness, even though it is well known that stress alters shear wave propagation. The objective of this study was to determine how well the theoretical dependency of SWV on stress can account for measured changes of SWV in passive and active muscle. Data were collected from six isoflurane-anesthetized cats; three soleus muscles and three medial gastrocnemius muscles. Muscle stress and stiffness were measured directly along with SWV. Measurements were made across a range of passively and actively generated stresses, obtained by varying muscle length and activation, which was controlled by stimulating the sciatic nerve. Our results show that SWV depends primarily on the stress in a passively stretched muscle. In contrast, the SWV in active muscle is higher than would be predicted by considering only stress, presumably due to activation-dependent changes in muscle stiffness. Our results demonstrate that while SWV is sensitive to changes in muscle stress and activation, there is not a unique relationship between SWV and either of these quantities when considered in isolation.
Evaluating the role of coevolution in a horizontally transmitted mutualism
Authors: Stoy Kayla , Chavez Joselyne , De Las Casas Valeria , Talla Venkat , Berasategui Aileen , Morran Levi , Gerardo Nicole 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMutualism depends on the alignment of host and symbiont fitness. Horizontal transmission can readily decouple fitness interests, yet horizontally transmitted mutualisms are common in nature. We hypothesized that pairwise coevolution and specialization in host-symbiont interactions underlies the maintenance of cooperation in a horizontally transmitted mutualism. Alternatively, we predicted selection by multiple host species may select for cooperative traits in a generalist symbiont through diffuse coevolution. We tested for signatures of pairwise coevolutionary change between the squash bug Anasa tristis and its horizontally acquired bacterial symbiont Caballeronia spp. by measuring local adaptation. We found no evidence for local adaptation between sympatric combinations of A. tristis squash bugs and Caballeronia spp. across their native geographic range. To test for diffuse coevolution, we performed reciprocal inoculations to test for specialization between three Anasa host species and Caballeronia spp. symbionts isolated from conspecific hosts. We observed no evidence of specialization across host species. Our results demonstrate generalist dynamics underlie the interaction between Anasa insect hosts and their Caballeronia spp. symbionts. Specifically, diffuse coevolution between multiple host species with a shared generalist symbiont may maintain cooperative traits despite horizontal transmission.
Deep-learning microscopy image reconstruction with quality control reveals second-scale rearrangements in RNA polymerase II clusters
Authors: Hajiabadi Hamideh , Mamontova Irina , Prizak Roshan , Pancholi Agnieszka , Koziolek Anne , Hilbert Lennart 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFluorescence microscopy, a central tool of biological research, is subject to inherent trade-offs in experiment design. For instance, image acquisition speed can only be increased in exchange for a lowered signal quality, or for an increased rate of photo-damage to the specimen. Computational denoising can recover some loss of signal, extending the trade-off margin for high-speed imaging. Recently proposed denoising on the basis of neural networks shows exceptional performance but raises concerns of errors typical of neural networks. Here, we present a work-flow that supports an empirically optimized reduction of exposure times, as well as per-image quality control to exclude images with reconstruction errors. We implement this work-flow on the basis of the denoising tool Noise2Void and assess the molecular state and three-dimensional shape of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) clusters in live zebrafish embryos. Image acquisition speed could be tripled, achieving 2-second time resolution and 350-nanometer lateral image resolution. The obtained data reveal stereotyped events of approximately 10 seconds duration: initially, the molecular mark for initiated Pol II increases, then the mark for active Pol II increases, and finally Pol II clusters take on a stretched and unfolded shape. An independent analysis based on fixed sample images reproduces this sequence of events, and suggests that they are related to the transient association of genes with Pol II clusters. Our work-flow consists of procedures that can be implemented on commercial fluorescence microscopes without any hardware or software modification, and should therefore be transferable to many other applications.
Profiling of the drug resistance of thousands of Src tyrosine kinase mutants uncovers a regulatory network that couples autoinhibition to catalytic domain dynamics
Authors: Chakraborty Sujata , Ahler Ethan , Simon Jessica J. , Fang Linglan , Potter Zachary E. , Sitko Katherine A. , Stephany Jason J. , Guttman Miklos , Fowler Douglas M. , Maly Dustin J. 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYKinase inhibitors are effective cancer therapies but resistance often limits clinical efficacy. Despite the cataloguing of numerous resistance mutations, our understanding of kinase inhibitor resistance is still incomplete. Here, we comprehensively profiled the resistance of ∼3500 Src tyrosine kinase mutants to four different ATP-competitive inhibitors. We found that ATP-competitive inhibitor resistance mutations are distributed throughout Src’s catalytic domain. In addition to inhibitor contact residues, residues that participate in regulating Src’s phosphotransferase activity were prone to the development of resistance. Unexpectedly, we found that a resistance-prone cluster of residues located on the top face of the N-terminal lobe of Src’s catalytic domain contributes to autoinhibition by reducing catalytic domain dynamics, and mutations in this cluster led to resistance by lowering inhibitor affinity and promoting kinase hyperactivation. Together, our studies demonstrate how drug resistance profiling can be used to define potential resistance pathways and uncover new mechanisms of kinase regulation.
Standard setting in times of technological change: accounting for cryptocurrency holdings
Authors: Ramassa Paola , Leoni Giulia 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis paper explores how the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has dealt with the emerging issue of accounting for cryptocurrencies by investigating its constituents' expectations and the motivations underlying its regulatory response.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical lens of regulatory space is used to analyse the four-year debate around cryptocurrency holdings and informs the extensive thematic analysis of public documents, meetings recordings and comment letters on the topic.FindingsFacing national standard setters' initiatives to regulate accounting for cryptocurrency, the IASB defended its position in the regulatory space through an agenda decision based on ewct 2xisting standards, which was finalised by the International Financial Reporting Standards Interpretation Committee (IFRS IC) despite criticism from constituents and Board members.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides insights into the IASB approach to a regulatory vacuum regarding a new class of items, which derive from a new and rapidly-evolving technology. Disruptive technology impacts the contested arena of accounting regulation, in which the constituents ask for new solutions and the IASB tries to resist such pressures, while defending its position.Practical implicationsThe paper sheds light on the growing importance of agenda decisions in the IFRS environment and on the limits of the IASB long regulatory process in the circumstance of emerging accounting issues deriving from rapidly-evolving technology.Originality/valueThis investigation is timely and relevant as it considers the regulatory issues arising from disruptive technological innovations (i.e. cryptocurrency), shedding light on the limits of regulatory processes in times of technological change.
A modified genetic algorithm for system optimization
Authors: Zemliak Alexander 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
In this paper, the previously developed idea of generalized optimization of circuits for deterministic methods has been extended to genetic algorithm (GA) to demonstrate new possibilities for solving an optimization problem that enhance accuracy and significantly reduce computing time.

Design/methodology/approach
The disadvantages of GAs are premature convergence to local minima and an increase in the computer operation time when setting a sufficiently high accuracy for obtaining the minimum. The idea of generalized optimization of circuits, previously developed for the methods of deterministic optimization, is built into the GA and allows one to implement various optimization strategies based on GA. The shape of the fitness function, as well as the length and structure of the chromosomes, is determined by a control vector artificially introduced within the framework of generalized optimization. This study found that changing the control vector that determines the method for calculating the fitness function makes it possible to bypass local minima and find the global minimum with high accuracy and a significant reduction in central processing unit (CPU) time.

Findings
The structure of the control vector is found, which makes it possible to reduce the CPU time by several orders of magnitude and increase the accuracy of the optimization process compared with the traditional approach for GAs.

Originality/value
It was demonstrated that incorporating the idea of generalized optimization into the body of a stochastic optimization method leads to qualitatively new properties of the optimization process, increasing the accuracy and minimizing the CPU time.
Commentary on the harm reduction reference group of justice health and forensic mental health network and corrective services NSW, Australia
Authors: Silano Julia Anne , Treloar Carla , Wright Thomas , Brown Tracey , McGrath Colette , Snoyman Phillip 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This commentary aims to reveal how a steering committee has effectively responded to advancing accessibility to harm reduction resources, hepatitis C virus (HCV) policy and health strategies within adult prison settings in New South Wales (NSW).

Design/methodology/approach
By reviewing the audit approach taken by the of the Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network and Corrective Services New South Wales Harm Reduction Reference Group (JHFMHN/CSNSW HRRG), this commentary emphasizes the committee’s success in identifying contemporary harm reduction issues that affect people in custodial settings. This commentary is a compilation of data gathered through the 2018 JHFMHN/CSNSW HRRG audit and corresponding program materials. Conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the working group’s audit were drawn by critically appraising the JHFMHN/CSNSW HRRG’s Final Audit Report (JHFMHN and CSNSW, 2018) with reference to current harm reduction literature.

Findings
The HRRG has provided leadership, professional representation and strategic advice on the development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of best practice harm reduction strategies in prison settings. The HRRG developed and maintained networks and information exchange between the state-wide HCV health network, corrections services and the NSW harm reduction sector at large. Public health partnerships and advocacy that involve all key players, such as the HRRG, will continue to be crucial to remove barriers to enhancing HCV harm reduction measures especially in NSW prison settings.

Social implications
Strategies such as primary prevention and treatment can mitigate the spread of HCV in the custodial system. This audit of access to harm reduction resources was conducted on behalf of the diverse group of professionals, scholars and stakeholders comprising the HRRG. This audit and other advocacy efforts of this committee can facilitate future access to quality healthcare and the necessary policies required to support a healthier prison population at large.

Originality/value
Collaborating with health authorities, researchers and social service workers can enable prison health-care systems to be guided by wider health workforce programs and public health standards. This collaboration can reduce the professional isolation of custodial health-care staff and promote a balanced approach to harm reduction policies by ensuring an equitable focus on both health and security imperatives.
Group acceptance sampling plans based on time truncated life tests for compound Weibull-exponential distribution
Authors: Yiğiter Ayten , Hamurkaroğlu Canan , Danacıoğlu Nazan 
Published: December 2021

PurposeAcceptance sampling plans are a decision-making process on the basis of a randomly selected sampling from a party, where it is not possible to completely scan the products for reasons such as time and cost being limited or the formation of damaged products during the inspection. For some products, the life span (time from beginning to failure) may be an important quality characteristic. In this case, the quality control adequacy of the products can be checked with an acceptance sampling plan based on the truncated life test with a censored scheme for the lifetime of the products. In this study, group acceptance sampling plans (GASPs) based on life tests are studied under the Type-I censored scheme for the compound Weibull-exponential (CWE) distribution.Design/methodology/approachGASPs based on life tests under the Type-I censored scheme for the CWE distribution are developed by using both the producer's risk and the consumer's risk.FindingsIn this study, optimum sample size, optimum number of groups and acceptance number are obtained under the Type-I censored scheme for the CWE distribution. Real data set illustration is given to show GASPs how to be used for the industry applications.Originality/valueDifferent from acceptance sampling plans with just considering the producer's risk, GASPs are constructed by using two-point approach included both the producer's risk and the consumer's risk for CWE distribution.
Designing a drone assisted sample collection and testing system during epidemic outbreaks
Authors: Chakraborty Sayan , Nadar Raviarun Arumugaraj , Tiwari Aviral 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
A major component in managing pandemic outbreaks involves testing the suspected individuals and isolating them to avoid transmission in the community. This requires setting up testing centres for diagnosis of the infected individuals, which usually involves movement of either patient from their residence to the testing centre or personnel visiting the patient, thus aggregating the risk of transmission to localities and testing centres. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and minimize such movements by developing a drone assisted sample collection and diagnostic system.

Design/methodology/approach
Effective control of an epidemic outbreak calls for a rapid response and involves testing suspected individuals and isolating them to avoid transmission in the community. This paper presents the problem in a two-phase manner by locating sample collection centres while assigning neighbourhoods to these collection centres and thereafter, assigning collection centres to nearest testing centres. To solve the mathematical model, this study develops a mixed-integer linear programming model and propose an integrated genetic algorithm with a local search-based approach (GA-LS) to solve the problem.

Findings
Proposed approach is demonstrated as a case problem in an Indian urban city named Kolkata. Computational results show that the integrated GA-LS approach is capable of producing good quality solutions within a short span of time, which aids to the practicality in the circumstance of a pandemic.

Social implications
The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that the large-scale outbreak of a transmissible disease may require a restriction of movement to take control of the exponential transmission. This paper proposes a system for the location of clinical sample collection centres in such a way that drones can be used for the transportation of samples from the neighbourhood to the testing centres.

Originality/value
Epidemic outbreaks have been a reason behind a major number of deaths across the world. The present study addresses the critical issue of identifying locations of temporary sample collection centres for drone assisted testing in major cities, which is by its nature unique and has not been considered by any other previous literature. The findings of this study will be of particular interest to the policy-makers to build a more robust epidemic resistance.
Characteristics of hemodialysis patient with critical COVID‐19
Authors: Otsubo Shigeru , Wakabayashi Shota , Aoyama Yumi , Kinoshita Kayoko , Minami Masami , Ohsima Yasuko , Kobayashi Sonomi , Otsubo Yuriko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe clinical course of hemodialysis patients with COVID‐19 still remains unclear.MethodsThirty‐four hemodialysis patients were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were divided according to disease severity, and clinical symptoms and laboratory data at admission were compared.ResultsThe serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) level, d‐dimer level, and white blood cell (WBC) count were significantly higher in the group with critical disease than in the group with mild to severe disease (p = 0.005, p = 0.039, and p = 0.045). The serum CRP level exceeded 10 mg/dl within 7 days of clinical onset in all the cases with critical disease.ConclusionHemodialysis patients with COVID‐19 who have elevated serum CRP and d‐dimer levels, and an elevated WBC count at admission and patients with serum CRP levels exceeding 10 mg/dl before day 7 after clinical onset should be carefully monitored for possible progression to critical disease.
Ocular surface microcirculation is better preserved with pulsatile versus continuous flow during cardiopulmonary bypass—An experimental pilot
Authors: Kvernebo Anne Kari , Miyamoto Takuma , Drolsum Liv , Moe Morten Carstens , Måsøy Svein‐Erik , Sunagawa Gengo , Dessoffy Raymond , Karimov Jamshid H. , Fukamachi Kiyotaka , Kvernebo Knut 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundNon‐pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may induce microvascular dysregulation. In piglets, we compared ocular surface microcirculation during pulsatile versus continuous flow (CF) bypass.MethodsOcular surface microcirculation in small tissue volumes (~0.1 mm3) at limbus (high metabolic rate) and bulbar conjunctiva (low metabolic rate) was examined in a porcine model using computer assisted video microscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, before and after 3 and 6 h of pulsatile (n = 5 piglets) or CF (n = 3 piglets) CPB. Functional capillary density, capillary flow velocity and microvascular oxygen saturation were quantified.ResultsAt limbus, velocities improved with pulsatility (p < 0.01) and deteriorated with CF (p < 0.01). In bulbar conjunctiva, velocities were severely reduced with CF (p < 0.01), accompanied by an increase in capillary density (p < 0.01). Microvascular oxygen saturation decreased in both groups.ConclusionOcular surface capillary densities and flow patterns are better preserved with pulsatile versus CF during 6 h of CPB in sleeping piglets.
A sustainable development goal framework to guide multisectoral action on NAFLD through a societal approach
Authors: Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Mark Henry E. , Colombo Massimo , Demaio Sandro , Dillon John F. , George Jacob , Hagström Hannes , Hocking Samantha , Lee Nancy , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark J. , Rinella Mary E. , Romero‐Gomez Manuel , Soriano Joan B. , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Tacke Frank , Tsochatzis Emmanuel A. , Valenti Luca , Zelber‐Sagi Shira , Ashworth Dirac M. , Huang Terry T.‐K. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryBackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent condition that requires a comprehensive and coordinated response across sectors and disciplines.AimsIn the absence of a multisectoral framework to tackle this condition, we developed one using the sustainable development goals (SDGs) as the basis for converging thinking about the design and delivery of public health responses.MethodsA multidisciplinary group identified the SDG targets and indicators for inclusion in the new framework through a two‐stage process. Firstly, a core team of three researchers independently reviewed the 169 targets and 231 indicators of the SDGs to select a shortlist. Over two Delphi rounds, a multidisciplinary group of 12 experts selected which of the shortlisted targets and indicators to include. Respondents also provided written feedback on their selection. Targets and indicators with 75% or greater agreement were included in the final framework.ResultsThe final framework comprises 16 targets—representing 9% of all targets and 62% (16/26) of the shortlisted targets—and seven indicators, accounting for 50% (7/14) of the shortlisted indicators and 3% of all indicators. The selected targets and indicators cover a broad range of factors, from health, food and nutrition to education, the economy, and the built environment.ConclusionsAddressing the challenge of NAFLD will require a re‐envisioning of the liver health landscape, with greater focus on joined‐up systems thinking and action. This new framework can help guide this process, including by outlining the stakeholders with whom the liver health community needs to engage.