bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling of quantum gravitational field with Riemann and Ricci curvature tensors
Authors: Cremaschini Claudio , Tessarotto Massimo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe theoretical problem of establishing the coupling properties existing between the classical and quantum gravitational field with the Ricci and Riemann curvature tensors of General Relativity is addressed. The mathematical framework is provided by synchronous Hamilton variational principles and the validity of classical and quantum canonical Hamiltonian structures for the gravitational field dynamics. It is shown that, for the classical variational theory, manifestly-covariant Hamiltonian functions expressed by either the Ricci or Riemann tensors are both admitted, which yield the correct form of Einstein field equations. On the other hand, the corresponding realization of manifestly-covariant quantum gravity theories is not equivalent. The requirement imposed is that the Hamiltonian potential should represent a positive-definite quadratic form when performing a quadratic expansion around the equilibrium solution. This condition in fact warrants the existence of positive eigenvalues of the quantum Hamiltonian in the harmonic-oscillator representation, to be related to the graviton mass. Accordingly, it is shown that in the background of the deSitter space-time, only the Ricci tensor coupling is physically admitted. In contrast, the coupling of quantum gravitational field with the Riemann tensor generally prevents the possibility of achieving a Hamiltonian potential appropriate for the implementation of the quantum harmonic-oscillator solution.
How the Administrative State Got to This Challenging
Place
Authors: Strauss Peter L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Written for a dispersed agrarian population using hand tools in a local economy, our Constitution now controls an American government orders of magnitude larger that has had to respond to profound changes in transportation, communication, technology, economy, and scientific understanding. How did our government get to this place? The agencies Congress has created to meet these changes now face profound new challenges: transition from the paper to the digital age; the increasing centralization in an opaque, political presidency of decisions that Congress has assigned to diverse, relatively expert and transparent bodies; the thickening, as well, of the political layer within agencies themselves; and the increasing judicial use of analytic techniques invoking the expectations of those who wrote the Constitution so long ago and in such different circumstances. Never easy, finding the appropriate balance between law and politics presents major challenges today.
Capturing the Public: Beyond Technocracy & Populism in the
U.S. Administrative State
Authors: White Avery , Neblo Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The core problem of the administrative state is not its own legitimacy, but its role in creating a more wide-ranging legitimacy crisis in American society. The particular problem is that while government administration is necessary in a complex modern society, the mere existence of something as powerful as the bureaucracy is an invitation toward a kind of power politics that undermines the legitimacy of American government as a whole. We can best address this problem by ameliorating the administrative state's deliberative democratic deficit, whereby deliberation in the public sphere fails to play a steering role over politics at large. Doing so requires incorporating deliberative democratic practices into the American administrative state.
The Hedgehog & the Fox in Administrative Law
Authors: Rao Neomi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This essay examines the constitutional muddle of the administrative state with reference to how agencies operate–it looks at a hedgehog's problem from the fox's perspective. Not only does the structure and delegated authority of administrative agencies often exist in substantial tension with the Constitution, but agencies regularly fail to act in a manner that promotes “constitutional values.” Drawing from my experience as regulatory czar, I explain that regulatory policy is frequently developed with little regard for separation of powers, political accountability, due process, or other values drawn from the Constitution. Proponents of the status quo thus cannot rely on such values to legitimize the ever-expanding activity of administrative agencies.
15th-Century Practical Medicine in Print
Authors: Minuzzi Sabrina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
By drawing on a comprehensive bibliographic census (ISTC) this article offers a mapping of printed medical-scientific production in 15th-century Europe, with an eye to the manuscript tradition, the authorship status, and the use of Latin and vernaculars in a century of transition that was not merely linguistic. It identifies in some titles from the practical medicine category—namely books on materia medica, regimina sanitatis booklets and short medical poems—the crucial contribution of proto-typography to the wider dissemination of medical knowledge. In regard to some long-lived titles (Regimina Sanitatis Salernitana; Il perché by Girolamo Manfredi; Cibaldone), this paper explores the evolution of their material forms in the early modern centuries in the direction of a more enjoyable style that was far from being only professional, while new methodological research paths are suggested. The sheer variety of actual readers is focused in the case of printed herbals and of the Cibaldone. The popularity of such genres is ultimately couched within the lively context of household medicine in the early modern era.
Institutionalizing Prevention at the UN
Authors: Jacob Cecilia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article assesses recent UN reforms to enhance the organization’s capacity to prevent violent conflict. These reforms target crucial inefficiencies within the UN that have hampered effective preventive and protection practices in violent conflict and atrocities. The article argues that state actors have viewed the reform process as a site of norm contestation, and negotiations have created an avenue for compromises on the centrality of human rights and political backstopping of UN missions in volatile field contexts that are vital to better prevention and protection outcomes. Contestation by state actors is significant in steering the outcomes of institutional reform as states advance their normative agendas, and seek to integrate these preferences into new institutional structures that are open to negotiation through the reform process. A broad assessment of these reforms confirms the move toward a more pragmatic vision of peace and security in the UN to accommodate global power shifts.
Hidden Aspects of Social and Historical Development of Islamic Community in Sisak, Croatia
Authors: Peternel Lana , Škiljan Filip , Marinović Ankica 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article presents the efforts of the Islamic community in Sisak, Croatia, to achieve better social status and recognition in the local environment from the 1960s until today. By applying anthropological perspectives, we present the Islamic community’s long-lasting efforts of building a mosque, presenting their personal experience related to cultural identity and belonging. The aim is to present aspirations of the Islamic community during and after socialism focusing on inter-institutional communication and diverse integration strategies. We approach the Islamic community from an ethnographic perspective, conducting interviews with community members and searching documents in archives.
“A Bargain with His Brother”
Authors: Thomas Adam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In August 1831, around sixty enslaved people fought a war against enslavers in Southampton County, Virginia. It became known as the “Nat Turner Revolt.” Four months later, perhaps sixty thousand enslaved people fought their own emancipation war, commonly known as the “Baptist War,” throughout much of Jamaica. These uprisings differed in size, strategy, and outcome. The Virginian episode allowed slaveholders to strengthen their grip on slavery, while the Jamaican one catalyzed Britain’s capitulation to abolition. Historians have detailed the significant role kinship played in the more localized Virginian example. Comparing both emancipation wars, this paper extends analysis to the Jamaican case. It argues that kinship shaped both uprisings in remarkably similar ways, influencing radicalization and recruitment beforehand, support or opposition during war, and vulnerability to or evasion of white retaliation afterward. The similar function of kinship in such different events suggests a possible larger pattern that shaped other uprisings.
Contesting the “Bad Hombres” Narrative: U.S. and Mexican Media Diplomacy and Presidential Strategic Narratives about Immigrants
Authors: Bravo Vanessa , De Moya María 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During the candidacy and following the election of U.S. president Donald Trump, there was an emphasis on framing the Mexican immigrant as a criminal and on building a wall between the United States and Mexico. This narrative revived the debate on the treatment of immigrants and immigration in cross-national media. Within this context, this study analyzes the construction of the image of the Mexican migrant to the United States by both (former) President Enrique Peña Nieto and President Donald Trump during the first 100 days of the latter’s presidency, through news stories published in two U.S newspapers and two Mexican newspapers. Findings show that news stories describe Mexican migrants in contrasting ways, ranging from criminals (in the U.S. framing) to good migrants (in the Mexican efforts), and both frames are picked up by the transnational media, hindering long-standing public diplomacy efforts in both countries.
New species of benthic marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Western Pacific islands of Guam and Yap
Authors: LOBBAN CHRISTOPHER S. 
Published: June 2021

In the course of preparation of a major checklist for Yap and ongoing investigations into the benthic marine diatom flora of Micronesia, thirteen new araphid and raphid pennate diatom species have been recognized and are described here. Plagiogramma subatomus is even smaller than P. atomus and the pseudoseptum forms a box with only a small opening toward the cell interior. Licmophora romuli is similar in size and spathulate shape to L. remulus, but the majority of the striae in the lamina lack vimines. L. graphis is exceedingly delicate, pencil-shaped, with apical striae 60–70 in 10 µm. Divergita biformis and D. decipiens are straight species with striae biseriate on the margin, uniseriate on the valve face, differing in the shape and prominence of the sternum and the shape of the valve-face areolae. D. macinnisii (from Marshall Islands, but included here for comparison) is curved, again with the decussate areolar pattern on the mantle, but with single extended areolae along each side of the linear sternum. These characters slightly amend the diagnosis of the genus. Thalassionema baculum is a very short member of the genus, linear and isopolar. Climaconeis tarangensis is curved and differs from C. riddleae in stria density and areola shape; C. minaegensis is straight, without a stauros or craticular bars, of intermediate length, 228–247 µm. First SEM observations of Climaconeis lorenzii are presented and an updated key to Climaconeis is appended. Parlibellus paschalis is a tube-dwelling species differing from P. delognei is lacking cuniculi and pores in the central area. P. waabensis is a relatively large species, possibly tube-dwelling, that differs from P. delognei in shape and spacing of central striae and from P. berkeleyi in width and stria density. Pleurosigma simulacrum differs in ultrastructural details from P. intermedium. Lastly, Nitzschia tarangensis is a conopeate species, spathulate in profile with ribs along the edge of the valve depression and bordering the raphe, and with pores in the peri-raphe zone.
A season for complaints: how does weather affect noise complaints between neighbours?
Authors: Wang Siqin , Liu Yan , Corcoran Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBoth built environment and natural environment have physiological and psychological effect on human behaviour, which potentially affect their sensitivity and tolerance to surrounding noise, and leads to annoyance, nuisance, distress or overt actions and aggressive behaviours such as noise complaints to people living neighborly. This study aims to explore the extent weather conditions affect the prevalence of noise complaints between neighbours mediated through neighbourhood built environment. Using Brisbane, Australia as a study case, we draw on the large-scale administrative dataset in 2016 to explore the monthly and seasonal variations of noise complaints between neighbours, and employ a step-wise multiple regression to analyse the extent weather factors affect noise complaints. Our findings show that neighbours largely complain about noise made by animals and such complaints most frequently appear in March to May, the autumn season in the South Hemisphere. Built environment plays a primary role on noise complaints and culturally diverse suburbs with less green space tend to have a higher likelihood of neighbour complaints in spring and summer; such a likelihood is further increased by a higher level of wind, humidity, and temperature in a yearly frame. However, the effect of weather on animal and non-animal related noise complaints in different seasons is less consistent. Our findings, to a certain degree, reveal that weather conditions may serve as a psychological moderator to change people’s tolerance and sensitivity on noise, alter their routine activities and exposure to noise sources, and further affect the likelihood of imposing noise complaints between neighbours.
Duvelisib as bridge to allotransplantation in refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma with T-follicular helper phenotype: case report
Authors: Lolli Ginevra , Casadei Beatrice , Pellegrini Cinzia , Argnani Lisa , Cocito Federica , Zinzani Pier Luigi 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a group of heterogeneous T-cell malignancies representing 5%–10% of aggressive lymphomas. The prognosis is poor for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease, with a median overall survival of less than 6 months and no standardized treatments. We discuss the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) γδ inhibitor duvelisib as bridge to allotransplantation in a patient with R/R PTCL. Methods: Case report. Results: A 55-year-old woman diagnosed with relapsed nodal PTCL with T-follicular helper phenotype received PI3K γδ inhibitor duvelisib in the context of the phase II PRIMO clinical trial. After two cycles at a dose of 75 mg twice daily, the patient achieved complete response (CR), which was subsequently consolidated with human leukocyte antigen fully matched unrelated donor allotransplantation. No major toxicities were recorded during the duvelisib treatment period or during hospitalization for allotransplantation. At the latest follow-up, the patient was alive and still in CR 10 months posttransplant. Conclusions: Duvelisib should be further explored as a bridge to allotransplantation in patients with R/R PTCL, given the success and low toxicity in our patient.
Assessing the Rotation of the First Metatarsal on Computed Tomography Scans: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Najefi Ali-Asgar , Malhotra Karan , Patel Shelain , Cullen Nicholas , Welck Matthew 
Published: June 2021

Background: Hallux valgus is a multiplanar deformity that is often treated on the basis of 2-dimensional (2D) parameters and radiographs. Recurrence rates after surgical correction remain high, and failure to correct pronation of the metatarsal is increasingly stipulated as being part of the problem. Multiple methods of assessing metatarsal pronation have been proposed. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review identifying studies that measured metatarsal pronation and torsion on computed tomography (CT) scans. Specific methodology, patient groups, results, and reliability assessments were all reported. Results: We identified 14 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies measured 2D values on CT scan, and 3 studies used computer-based 3-dimensional (3D) modeling and artificial intelligence systems to help calculate pronation. Metatarsal pronation angle, α angle, sesamoid rotation angle, and measurements for torsion were the most commonly used methods. All angles and measurements were performed as 2D measurements, but the metatarsal pronation angle was also performed with 3D modeling. Reliability and reproducibility of the α angle and metatarsal pronation angle were excellent, despite being performed on studies with small numbers. Conclusion: Multiple methods have been reported to demonstrate first metatarsal pronation on CT, of which the α angle and the metatarsal pronation angle are the most pragmatic and useful in a clinical setting. Further work is needed to further validate the reliability of these measurements in larger series and to identify normal pronation and metatarsal torsion on weightbearing imaging. Further work is required to determine whether addressing pronation reduces recurrence rates and improves outcomes in surgery for hallux valgus. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Elevated glycohemoglobin is linked to critical illness in COVID-19: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Windham Samuel , Wilson Melissa P. , Fling Connor , Sheneman David , Wand Taylor , Babcock Lyndsey , MaWhinney Samantha , Erlandson Kristine M. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Several studies have explored hospitalization risk factors with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Our goal was to identify clinical characteristics outside of laboratory or radiologic data associated with intubation or death within 7 days of admission. Methods: The first 436 patients admitted to the University of Colorado Hospital (Denver metropolitan area) with confirmed COVID-19 were included. Demographics, comorbidities, and select medications were collected by chart abstraction. Missing height for calculating body mass index (BMI) was imputed using the median height for patients’ sex and race/ethnicity. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression and a minimax concave penalty (MCP) regularized logistic regression explored prediction. Results: Participants had a mean [standard deviation (SD)] age 55 (17), BMI 30.9 (8.2), 55% were male and 80% were ethnic/racial minorities. Increasing age [aOR: 1.24 (1.07, 1.45) per 10 years], higher BMI (aOR 1.03 (1.00, 1.06), and poorly controlled diabetes [hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) ⩾ 8] (aOR 2.26 (1.24, 4.12) were significantly ( p < 0.05) associated with greater odds of intubation or death. Female sex [aOR: 0.63, 95% CI (0.40, 0.98); p value = 0.043] was associated with lesser odds of intubation or death. The odds of death and/or intubation increased 19% for every 1 unit increase in HbA1c value [OR: 1.19 (1.01, 1.43); p = 0.04]. Our final MCP model included indicators of A1C ⩾ 8, age > 65, sex, and minority status, but predicted intubation/death only slightly better than random chance [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.61 (0.56, 0.67)]. Conclusion: In a hospitalized patient cohort with COVID-19, worsening control of diabetes as evidenced by higher HbA1c was associated with increased risk of intubation or death within 7 days of admission. These results complement and help clarify previous associations found between diabetes and acute disease in COVID-19. Importantly, our analysis is missing some known predictors of severity in COVID-19. Our predictive model had limited success, suggesting unmeasured factors contribute to disease severity differences.
Outpatient Shoulder Arthroplasty—A Systematic Review
Authors: Allahabadi Sachin , Cheung Edward C , Hodax Jonathan D , Feeley Brian T , Ma Chunbong B , Lansdown Drew A 
Published: June 2021

Objective Recent reports have shown that outpatient shoulder arthroplasty (SA) may be a safe alternative to inpatient management in appropriately selected patients. The purpose was to review the literature reporting on outpatient SA. Methods A systematic review of publications on outpatient SA was performed. Included publications discussed patients who were discharged on the same calendar day or within 23 hours from surgery. Articles were categorized by discussions on complications, readmissions, and safety, patient selection, pain management strategies, cost effectiveness, and patient and surgeon satisfaction. Results Twenty-six articles were included. Patients undergoing outpatient SA were younger and with a lower BMI than those undergoing inpatient SA. Larger database studies reported more medical complications for patients undergoing inpatient compared to outpatient SA. Articles on pain management strategies discussed both single shot and continuous interscalene blocks with similar outcomes. Both patients and surgeons reported high levels of satisfaction following outpatient SA, and cost analysis studies demonstrated significant cost savings for outpatient SA. Conclusion In appropriately selected patients, outpatient SA can be a safe, cost-saving alternative to inpatient care and may lead to high satisfaction of both patients and physicians, though further studies are needed to clarify appropriate utilization of outpatient SA.
Stoppingversuscontinuing long-term mepolizumab treatment in severe eosinophilic asthma (COMET study)
Authors: Moore Wendy C. , Kornmann Oliver , Humbert Marc , Poirier Claude , Bel Elisabeth H. , Kaneko Norihiro , Smith Steven G. , Martin Neil , Gilson Martyn J. , Price Robert G. , Bradford Eric S. , Liu Mark C. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe long-term efficacy and safety of mepolizumab for treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma are well established. Here, we examine the clinical impact of stopping mepolizumab after long-term use.MethodsCOMET (NCT02555371) was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre study. Patients who had completed COLUMBA (NCT01691859) or COSMEX (NCT02135692) and received continuous mepolizumab treatment for ≥3 years were randomised 1:1 to stop (switch to placebo) or continue subcutaneous mepolizumab 100 mg every 4 weeks for 52 weeks. Primary end-point: time to first clinically significant exacerbation; secondary end-points: time to first exacerbation requiring hospitalisation/emergency department visit, time to decrease in asthma control (≥0.5-point increase in Asthma Control Questionnaire-5 score from COMET baseline) and blood eosinophil count ratio to COMET baseline. Safety was assessed.ResultsPatients stopping (n=151)versuscontinuing (n=144) mepolizumab had significantly shorter times to first clinically significant exacerbation (hazard ratio 1.61, 95% CI 1.17–2.22; p=0.004) and decrease in asthma control (hazard ratio 1.52, 95% CI 1.13–2.02; p=0.005), and higher blood eosinophil counts at week 52 (270versus40 cells·µL−1; ratio (stoppingversuscontinuing) 6.19, 95% CI 4.89–7.83; p<0.001). Differences in efficacy outcomes between groups were observed when assessed from week 12 (16 weeks after last mepolizumab dose). Exacerbations requiring hospitalisation/emergency department visit were rare. Adverse events in patients continuing mepolizumab were consistent with previous studies. For patients who stopped mepolizumab, the safety profile was consistent with other eosinophilic asthma populations.ConclusionPatients who stopped mepolizumab had an increase in exacerbations and reduced asthma controlversusthose who continued.