bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERAN GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEDISIPLINAN SISWA SD NEGERI TANJUNGANOM BANYUURIP KABUPATEN PURWOREJO
Authors: Suprihatiningrum Dina , Nafi'ah Siti Anisatun , Janah Roikhatul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the teacher's strategy in improving the discipline of students at SD Negeri Tanjunganom and to find out the obstacles and supporters in improving the discipline of students at SD Negeri Tanjunganom. This research uses qualitative research methods, which relies on humans as the main data collection tool which will produce descriptive data in the form of written data or oral data from the people being observed. The method used by researchers is by interview, observation and documentation. The results showed that first, in instilling and improving student discipline, teachers can use various strategies, namely; Making teachers as role models, Performing the process of habituation, Delivering directly to children, Giving understanding to children, Application of various rules by the teacher, Imposing sanctions or warnings for violators, Teaching children about the importance of obeying a rule. Second, the obstacles in improving the discipline of SD Negeri Tanjunganom include; The condition of the student itself, the condition of the parents, the family background, the teacher's time with the students. Third, the supporting factors in increasing discipline, among others; Schools, Facilities, Teachers, Students and Parents' Attention.

Abstrak
Peran Guru dalam Meningkatkan Kedisiplinan Siswa SD Negeri Tanjunganom Banyuurip Kabupaten Purworejo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi guru dalam meningkatkan kedisiplinan siswa SD Negeri Tanjunganom dan mengetahui kendala dan pendukung dalam meningkatkan kedisiplinan siswa SD Negeri Tanjunganom. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, yaitu mengandalkan manusia sebagai alat pengumpul data utama yang akan menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa data tertulis atau data lisan dari orang-orang yang diamati. Metode yang digunakan peniliti adalah dengan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertama, dalam menanamkan dan meningkat kedisiplinan siswa, guru dapat menggunakan berbagai strategi antara; Menjadikan guru sebagai suritauladan, Melakukan proses pembiasaan, Penyampaian secara langsung kepada anak, Pemberian pengertian kepada anak, Penerapan berbagai aturan oleh guru, Pemberian sanksi atau peringatan bagi yang melanggar, Pengajaran kepada anak tentang pentingnya mematuhi sebuah aturan. Kedua, kendala dalam meningkatkan kedisiplinan SD Negeri Tanjunganom antara lain; Kondisi siswa itu sendiri, Kondisi orang tua, Latar belakang keluarga, Waktu guru dengan siswa. Ketiga, Faktor pendukung dalam meningkatkan kedisiplinan antara lain; Sekolah, Fasilitas, Guru, Siswa dan Perhatian orang tua.
Alternatives to CU Applications in Viticulture: How R&D Projects Can Provide Applied Solutions, Helping to Establish Legislation Limits
Authors: De La Fuente Mario , Fernández-Calviño David , Tylkowski Bartosz , M. Montornes Josep , Olkiewicz Magdalena , Pereira Ruth , Cachada Anabela , Caffi Tito , Fedele Giorgia , De Herralde Felicidad 
Published: October 2021

Copper (Cu) and its based preparations have been used for over 200 years to control fungi and bacterial diseases in cultivated plants. Downy mildew caused by the obligate biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola is one of the most relevant and recurrent diseases of grapevines. Recently, the use of Cu is being limited by some regulations because of its high impact at different levels (health and environmental problems). Due to its accumulation in soil, this metal causes a little controversy with the principles of sustainable production. Therefore, international legislation and initiatives have recently been arisen to start limiting its use, with the main goal to replace it. In this framework, some alternatives have been tested and others are recently being developed to replace, at least partially, the use of Cu in viticulture. Many of them, are being developed and tested under the scope of research and development EU funded projects. To not compromise sustainability targets in viticulture, results from these R&D projects need to be considered to assess the present risks of using Cu in viticulture and to better support establishing limits for its applications, considering soils vulnerability, while no sustainable alternatives are available in the market.
El compromiso de las élites eclesiásticas con los intereses familiares a través del patrocinio religioso: el caso de García Álvarez de Toledo, obispo de Astorga (1463-1488)
Authors: González Nieto Diego 
Published: October 2021

Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar e interpretar las labores de patrocinio religioso de García Álvarez de Toledo, obispo de Astorga, como parte de las estrategias desplegadas por su linaje judeoconverso a fin de representar el estatus adquirido tras un relevante proceso de encumbramiento social. Será evaluado el proceso de promoción socioeconómica de su familia, con el fin de poder apreciar las múltiples significaciones de su patrocinio religioso.
Palabras clave: episcopado, patrocinio religioso, ascenso social, familia conversa.
La production épistémique chez l’enfant francophone : complexité syntaxique et ordre d’acquisition
Authors: Cournane Ailís , Tailleur Sandrine 
Published: October 2021

Dans cet article, nous nous penchons sur la production d’occurrences épistémiques par des enfants francophones unilingues (n = 6, Paris Corpus, Morgenstern et Parisse, 2012) ainsi que leur mère (input – langue « modèle » utilisée par les parents). Nous adoptons une approche principalement syntaxique et nous concentrons sur les usages épistémiques des verbes modaux (pouvoir,devoir) et de certains adverbes (peut-être(que)), que nous comparons aux études antérieures analogues sur l’anglais et le serbo-croate. Nous montrons ainsi que les enfants francophones produisent, comme les enfants anglophones et serbo-croates, les ordres d’acquisition suivants : pour les éléments modaux, l’interprétation radicale vient avant l’interprétation épistémique ; et pour les éléments épistémiques, les adverbes viennent avant les verbes modaux (voir Bassano 1996). Nous émettons l’hypothèse que ces résultats peuvent être expliqués, du moins partiellement, par le lien existant entre la chronologie acquisitionnelle et la complexité syntaxique. Nos résultats contribueront à améliorer notre compréhension des mécanismes qui permettent aux enfants acquérant leur langue première de lier leurs pensées épistémiques à des formes linguistiques.
Variation dans le système pronominal gallo-roman : l’expression de la pluralité en français et en picard*
Authors: Tremblay Mireille 
Published: October 2021

Cet article aborde la variation dans le système pronominal pluriel gallo-roman. Il consiste en une analyse de diverses stratégies pour sanctionner les constructions partitives pronominales en trois variétés gallo-romanes : le français normé, le français québécois et le picard. L’analyse du morphèmeautresest particulièrement importante pour la typologie des pronoms car elle démontre que, bien que les trois variétés présentent des séquences similaires ànous autres / vous autres / eux autres, les similarités ne sont qu’apparentes. En effet, en picard,autes‘autres’ est devenu suffixe nominal à mettre en parallèle avec les pronoms pluriels de l’espagnolnosotros(complexe pourtant grammaticalisé) car les deux sont les têtes nominales marquées pour le nombre, ce qui n’est pas le cas deautresen français normé et québécois. Ce travail typologique permet de mieux comprendre les différences entre les processus d’individuation dans les pronoms des langues romanes, en plus de confirmer le statut distinct du picard.
Traumatic surfing injuries in New Zealand: a descriptive epidemiology study
Authors: Furness James , McArthur Katherine , Remnant Debbie , Jorgensen Darcy , Bacon Catherine J. , Moran Robert W. , Hing Wayne , Climstein Mike 
Published: October 2021

Background
New Zealand (NZ) has nearly 14,000 km of coastline and a surfing population of approximately 315,000 surfers. Given its popularity, surfing has a high frequency of injury claims, however, there remains a lack of data on traumatic surfing-related injuries from large population studies. The primary purpose of this study was to examine traumatic surfing injuries in NZ specific to injury incidence, duration, location, type, mechanism of injury and associated risk factors.

Methods
A sample of self-identified surfers currently living in NZ participated in an online retrospective cross-sectional survey between December 2015 and July 2016. Demographic and surfing injury data were collected and analysed.

Results
The survey yielded 1,473 respondents (18.3% female); a total of 502 surfers reported 702 major traumatic injuries with an overall incidence proportion of 0.34 (95% CI [0.32–0.37]). When comparing the number of injured surfers who sustained an injury at various body locations, a significantly higher proportion of competitive surfers, compared to recreational surfers, had an injury at the neck (6.8% vs 4%, χ2 (1,1473) = 5.84, P = 0.019); shoulder (7.4% vs 4.3%, χ2 (1,1473) = 6.34, P = 0.017), upper back (1% vs 2.4%, χ2 (1,1473) = 4.77, P = 0.043), lower back (7% vs 3.1%, χ2 (1,1473) = 11.98, P = 0.001) and knee (7% vs 3.4%, χ2 (1,1473) = 9.67, P = 0.003). A significantly higher proportion of surfers who performed aerial manoeuvres compared to those who did not reported a higher proportion of knee injuries (9.7% vs 3.9%, χ2 (1,1473) = 13.00, P = 0.001). With respect to injury duration, the shoulder represented the largest proportion of chronic injuries (>3 months) (44.4%), and the head and face represented the largest proportion of acute injuries (≤3 months) (88%). Muscle and tendon injuries were reported most frequently (25.6%) and direct contact injuries accounted for 58.1% of all injury mechanisms. Key risk factors for traumatic injury included: competitive compared to recreational status (41.0% vs 30.1%, Relative Risk (RR) = 1.36, P < 0.001), ability to perform aerial manoeuvres (48.1% vs 31.8%, RR = 1.51, P < 0.001) and intermediate or above skill level surfers compared to beginner surfers (35.8% vs 22.7%, RR = 1.58, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
One third of recreational surfers sustained a major traumatic injury in the previous 12 months. For competitive or aerialist surfers the risk was greater, with this proportion approximately half. Overall, the head/face was the most common location of traumatic injury, with competitive surfers being more likely to sustain a neck, shoulder, lower back, and knee injury compared to recreational surfers. The shoulder was associated with the highest proportion of injuries of chronic duration. Future research should investigate injury mechanisms and causation using prospective injury monitoring to better underpin targeted injury prevention programs.
Routine Replacement versus Clinically Indicated Replacement of Peripheral Venous Catheters through Assessment of Incidences and Grades of Phlebitis in Patients with IV Cannula at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Mumbai
Authors: Namrata Bhavnani , Neha Ahire , Kalke Prakash , Dhale Shrikrishna 
Published: October 2021

Background: The current study assesses the incidences and grades of phlebitis among patients with IV cannula to determine the association of grades of phlebitis. The purpose of the study was to study the feasibility of Routine replacement versus Clinically indicated replacement of peripheral venous catheters. The study observes the incidences of removing peripheral intravenous catheters when clinically indicated compared with removing and re‐siting the catheter routinely.
Methods: An observational study was conducted in the tertiary care private hospital of Mumbai, India. The study was conducted over 5 weeks from May -June 2020. Purposive sampling was considered during the collection of data. The sample size of the study was 117 patients admitted having peripheral venous catheters. The standard visual infusion phlebitis (VIP) score was used as a tool for data collection. Descriptive analysis was done.
Results: Out of 117 patients (VIP score 0 -56, Score 1- 49, Score -12 no cases with score 3, 4, and 5). Routine replacement of IV cannula after every 5 days is judiciously followed, 45 healthy lines were replaced at score 0; which is the major concern (Rs. 633/- the total cost of replacing 1 PVC line).
Conclusion: Following the routine practice of IV cannula replacement based on VIP score to avoid phlebitis is equally good but simultaneously clinically indicated replacement of IV cannula is advisable to make it cost-effective and reduced number of a prick to the patients; this will help to improve patient satisfaction.
Evaluation of an ultrasound bladder scanner in supine and standing position
Authors: Crop Frederik , Comte Pauline , Le Tinier Florence , Pasquier David , Mirabel Xavier 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study examined the performance of a bladder volume measuring device, the BladderScan (BS) BVI9400. The use of the BS offers the possibility of assessing the bladder volume before positioning the patient and performing the daily image‐guided radiotherapy procedure. Patients often cannot lie down before entering the treatment vault. Therefore, the BS was also assessed in a standing position.MethodsThe repeatability precision was first evaluated, which is the variability of immediate repeated measures of the BS with same operator and subject. This was followed by the reproducibility precision of the BS in which the operator and subjects differ. Finally, the trueness was evaluated in terms of fixed and proportional bias of the results by applying weighted least‐squares fitting. Note that 53 and 85 patient measurements were carried out in supine and standing position, respectively, each consisting of three repeated BS measurements. These were compared with the computed tomography (CT)‐delineated bladder volume.ResultsRepeatability was dependent on measurement value (heteroscedasticity) with σrepeatability (BS) = ±15 cm3 ± 10%. However, the total agreement between BS and CT was low with the 95% limits of agreement (LOAs) exceeding ±200 cm3 due to poor patient reproducibility and presence of fixed and proportional bias. Only in the best case of male patients in the supine position, three BS measurements, and correction for the fixed and proportional bias, 95% LOAs of [–147, +114] cm3 were obtained between CT and BS.ConclusionThe agreement of the BVI9400 BS with CT was found to be too low for radiotherapy applications.
Versatile Preparation of Mesoporous Single‐Layered Transition‐Metal Sulfide/Carbon Composites for Enhanced Sodium Storage
Authors: Zhang Xing , Weng Wei , Gu Hao , Hong Zibo , Xiao Wei , Wang Feng (Ryan) , Li Wei , Gu Dong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTransition‐metal sulfides are promising electrochemical energy storage materials due to their abundant active sites, large interlayer space, and high theoretical capacities, especially for sodium storage. However, the low conductivity and poor cycling stability at high current densities hamper their applications. Herein, a versatile dual‐template method is reported to elaborate ordered mesoporous single‐layered MoS2/carbon composite with high specific area, uniform pore size, and large pore volume. The single‐layered MoS2 is confined in the carbon matrix. The mesopores between the composite nanorods provide fast electrolyte diffusion. The obtained nanocomposite shows a high sodium‐storage capability, excellent rate capacity, and very good cycling performance. A capacity of 310 mAh g−1 can remain at 5.0 A g−1 after 2500 cycles. Furthermore, a sodium‐ion battery (SIB) full cell composed of the MoS2/carbon composite anode and a Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode maintains a specific capacity of 330 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 during 100 cycles. The mechanism is investigated by in situ and ex situ characterizations as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Color‐Tunable Supramolecular Luminescent Materials
Authors: Wang Yu , Wu Huang , Hu Wenping , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConstructing multicolor photoluminescent materials with tunable properties is an attractive research objective on account of their abundant applications in materials science and biomedical engineering. By comparison with covalent synthesis, supramolecular chemistry has provided a more competitive and promising strategy for the production of organic materials and the regulation of their photophysical properties. By taking advantage of dynamic and reversible noncovalent bonding interactions, supramolecular strategies can, not only simplify the design and fabrication of organic materials, but can also endow them with dynamic reversibility and stimuli responsiveness, making it much easier to adjust the superstructures and properties of the materials. Occasionally, it is possible to introduce emergent properties into these materials, which are absent in their precursor compounds, broadening their potential applications. In an attempt to highlight the state‐of‐the‐art noncovalent strategies available for the construction of smart luminescent materials, an overview of color‐tunable materials is presented in this Review, with the emphasis being placed on the examples drawn from host–guest complexes, supramolecular assemblies and crystalline materials. The noncovalent synthesis of room‐temperature phosphorescent materials and the modulation of their luminescent properties are also described. Finally, future directions and scientific challenges in the emergent field of color‐tunable supramolecular emissive materials are discussed.
Giant Thermal Transport Tuning at a Metal/Ferroelectric Interface
Authors: Zang Yipeng , Di Chen , Geng Zhiming , Yan Xuejun , Ji Dianxiang , Zheng Ningchong , Jiang Xingyu , Fu Hanyu , Wang Jianjun , Guo Wei , Sun Haoying , Han Lu , Zhou Yunlei , Gu Zhengbin , Kong Desheng , Aramberri Hugo , Cazorla Claudio , Íñiguez Jorge , Rurali Riccardo , Chen Longqing , Zhou Jian , Wu Di , Lu Minghui , Nie Yuefeng , Chen Yanfeng , Pan Xiaoqing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInterfacial thermal transport plays a prominent role in the thermal management of nanoscale objects and is of fundamental importance for basic research and nanodevices. At metal/insulator interfaces, a configuration commonly found in electronic devices, heat transport strongly depends upon the effective energy transfer from thermalized electrons in the metal to the phonons in the insulator. However, the mechanism of interfacial electron–phonon coupling and thermal transport at metal/insulator interfaces is not well understood. Here, the observation of a substantial enhancement of the interfacial thermal resistance and the important role of surface charges at the metal/ferroelectric interface in an Al/BiFeO3 membrane are reported. By applying uniaxial strain, the interfacial thermal resistance can be varied substantially (up to an order of magnitude), which is attributed to the renormalized interfacial electron–phonon coupling caused by the charge redistribution at the interface due to the polarization rotation. These results imply that surface charges at a metal/insulator interface can substantially enhance the interfacial electron–phonon‐mediated thermal coupling, providing a new route to optimize the thermal transport performance in next‐generation nanodevices, power electronics, and thermal logic devices.
Light Intensity Analysis of Photovoltaic Parameters for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Glowienka Damian , Galagan Yulia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe number of publications on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) continues to grow exponentially. Although the efficiency of PSCs has exceeded 25.5%, not every research laboratory can reproduce this result or even pass the border of 20%. Unfortunately, it is not always clear which dominating mechanism is responsible for the performance drop. Here, a simple method of light intensity analysis of the JV parameters is developed, allowing an understanding of what the mechanisms are that appear in the solar cell and limit device performance. The developed method is supported by the drift‐diffusion model and is aimed at helping in the explanation of parasitic losses from the interface or bulk recombination, series resistance, or shunt resistance in the perovskite solar cell. This method can help not only point toward the dominating of bulk or interface recombination in the devices but also determine which interface is more defective. A detailed and stepwise guidance for such a type of light intensity analysis of JV parameters is provided. The proposed method and the conclusions of this study are supported by a series of case studies, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method on real examples.
Polarimetric Image Sensor and Fermi Level Shifting Induced Multichannel Transition Based on 2D PdPS
Authors: Wang Xingang , Xiong Tao , Zhao Kai , Zhou Ziqi , Xin Kaiyao , Deng Hui‐Xiong , Kang Jun , Yang Juehan , Liu Yue‐Yang , Wei Zhongming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract2D materials have been attracting high interest in recent years due to their low structural symmetry, excellent photoresponse, and high air stability. However, most 2D materials can only respond to specific light, which limits the development of wide‐spectrum photodetectors. Proper bandgap and the regulation of Fermi level are the foundations for realizing electronic multichannel transition, which is an effective method to achieve a wide spectral response. Herein, a noble 2D material, palladium phosphide sulfide (PdPS), is designed and synthesized. The bandgap of PdPS is around 2.1 eV and the formation of S vacancies, interstitial Pd and P atoms promote the Fermi level very close to the conduction band. Therefore, the PdPS‐based photodetector shows impressive wide spectral response from solar‐blind ultraviolet to near‐infrared based on the multichannel transition. It also exhibits superior optoelectrical properties with photoresponsivity (R) of 1 × 103 A W−1 and detectivity (D*) of 4 × 1011 Jones at 532 nm. Moreover, PdPS exhibits good performance of polarization detection with dichroic ratio of ≈3.7 at 808 nm. Significantly, it achieves polarimetric imaging and hidden‐target detection in complex environments through active detection.
Selectivity Enhancement for Ruthenium Atomic Layer Deposition in Sub‐50 nm Nanopatterns by Diffusion and Size‐Dependent Reactivity
Authors: Clerix Jan‐Willem J. , Marques Esteban A. , Soethoudt Job , Grillo Fabio , Pourtois Geoffrey , Van Ommen J. Ruud , Delabie Annelies 
Published: October 2021

AbstractArea‐selective deposition (ASD) is a promising bottom‐up approach for fabricating nanoelectronic devices. However, a challenge is to prevent the undesired growth of nanoparticles in the nongrowth area. This work uses kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) methods to investigate the defectivity in ruthenium ASD by (ethylbenzyl)(1‐ethyl‐1,4‐cyclohexadienyl)Ru/O2 (EBECHRu) atomic layer deposition (ALD) in line‐space nanopatterns with different dimensions. Ru ASD is governed by adsorption as well as diffusion. The defectivity depends on the pattern dimensions, as nanoparticles can diffuse and reach the interface with the growth area where they aggregate. For linewidths of 50 nm and smaller, all Ru adspecies are captured at the growth interface before growth by precursor adsorption is catalyzed. The synergetic effect of diffusion and size‐dependent reactivity reduces defectivity below 1010 Ru atoms cm−2 for at least 1000 ALD cycles. This is more than 1000 times lower than for patterns with a linewidth of 200 nm and larger, where the Ru content decreases significantly only near the interface with the growth surface. The predicted depletion zone is confirmed by experiments in nanoscale line‐space patterns. Overall, this mechanism results in smaller and fewer Ru nanoparticles for smaller patterns, facilitating the development of passivation‐deposition‐etch ASD processes for nanoelectronic device fabrication.