bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of local anaesthetic on delayed bleeding in a epigastric flap model of rats
Authors: Tapan Mehmet , Ünlü Ramazan Erkin , İğde Murat , Tapan Yasemin Urcan , Öztürk Mehmet Onur , Tekindal Mustafa Agah 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Local anaesthetics are often used in plastic surgery practice. Through their mechanism of action, local anaesthetics produce a sympathetic blockage with a subsequent vasodilatation and a resulting local increase of perfusion. The effect of vasodilation of the local anaesthetics causes bleeding locally resulting in haematoma, bruising and/or pain. We present an experimental study of the effects of local anaesthetics on delayed bleeding. Method: In this animal study, 36 adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of nine animals: lidocaine; lidocaine and epinephrine; bupivacaine; and control. An epigastric flap model was harvested. Local anaesthetics that are frequently used in daily practice were administered in equal amounts to the harvested flap. Results: After 24 hours, the rats were euthanised to collect and measure all coagula under the epigastric flap. No statistically significant differences in relation to the amount of coagulum were found between the groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest that proper haemostasis is achieved, there is no difference on the effect of delayed bleeding between the local anaesthetics which are often used.
Measurement of phase refractive index directly from phase distributions detected with a spectrally resolved interferometer
Authors: Zhang Kaining , Sasaki Osami , Choi Samuel , Luo Songjie , Suzuki Takamasa , Pu Jixiong 
Published: October 2021

A phase refractive index is measured directly from an unwrapped spectral phase distribution whose

2

π

ambiguity is determined by fitting the spectral phase distribution with functions based on Cauchy’s equation. The phase refractive index of a quartz glass with 20 µm thickness is measured exactly from three spectral phase distributions detected in two different configurations of a spectrally resolved interferometer. Since there is a high possibility that the

2

π

ambiguity cannot be correctly determined when there is a large difference between a function of the real refractive index and Cauchy’s equation, characteristics of the fitting are examined.
Using DFB laser self-injection locked to an optical waveguide ring resonator as a light source of Φ-OTDR
Authors: Zhu Xuyang , Li Xiuli , Zhang Rong , Zhao Zhenming , Kong Mei 
Published: October 2021

A distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser self-injection locked to an optical waveguide ring resonator (OWRR) is used in a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (

Φ

-OTDR) vibration sensing system as its light source. A frequency-hopping-free period of more than 100 s is realized. A spatial resolution of 13 m at 4700 m and simultaneous measurement of two vibration sources are realized. The measurable vibration frequency is from 8 Hz to the upper limit of the sampling theorem. These satisfactory performances demonstrate that the DFB laser locked to an OWRR is not only cost effective, but also stable and reliable for

Φ

-OTDR sensing.
Fabrication and characterization of a porous ZnO flexible UV photodetector on fiberglass and the electrode dimensions effect
Authors: Jezeh Zahra Aminrayai , Efafi Babak , Ghafary Bijan 
Published: October 2021

In this study, three flexible metal–semiconductor–metal ultraviolet photodetectors are fabricated on the FR4 fiberglass substrate based on the porous zinc oxide by radiofrequency sputtering. Their copper electrodes were created by printed circuit board, a simple and cheap method. Here, the effect of porosity on the photodetector parameters is discussed. The results show that the difference in the finger size in the photodetectors leads to differences in the parameters. In these photodetectors, as the fingers increase in length, dark current increases from 0.25 to 67.3 µA, photocurrent from 1.98 to 208 µA, and response time from 430 to 570 ms. Also, with expanding finger width, these parameters changed 18.48 µA, 26.8 µA, and 440 ms, respectively.
Machine learning for quality of transmission: a picture of the benefits fairness when planning WDM networks
Authors: Lonardi Matteo , Pesic Jelena , Zami Thierry , Seve Emmanuel , Rossi Nicola 
Published: October 2021

In the present day, the evaluation of machine learning (ML) as a candidate for substituting analytical quality of transmission (QoT) estimators is done in a compartmentalized way. The assessment is not produced from a global optical network design perspective and with accurate optical design metrics; on the contrary, the evaluation heavily focuses on the physical layer impairment precision capabilities while underemphasizing the effects at the network layer. In this paper, we recommend a suitable methodology for evaluating the QoT substitution based on the foundational idea that different QoT estimators should be examined on a comparative basis by analyzing network-relevant metrics at parity of availability performance. Pragmatically, we recommend comparing performance estimation solutions through the aggregate network throughput, i.e., capacity, at the equity of their overestimation likelihood, which drives system margins. To demonstrate the need for such a network viewpoint and illustrate the potential drawbacks of an inadequate assessment of the QoT substitution, we use the proposed method in several scenarios (altering network topologies, input parameter uncertainty conditions, and availability requirements), showing that we can achieve gains in QoT estimation error or design margins while observing notable losses in terms of network throughput. Considering the results were contrary to what one may expect, we decided to undergo a statistical analysis in order to investigate and grasp the consequences of the model error distribution in relation to the network capacity.
Ultrafast nonlinear optical properties of orthorhombic YbFeO3 thin film
Authors: Gaur Anshu , Mohiddon Mahamad Ahamad , Soma Venugopal Rao 
Published: October 2021

Tuning magnetization in rare-earth orthoferrites (

R
F
e

O

3

) by ultrashort laser pulses is one of the emerging interests of new technologies. It subsequently revitalized the interest in light intensity-dependent nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of orthoferrites. The present work reports the results from femtosecond (fs) NLO characterization of

Y
b
F
e

O

3

thin film by the standard Z-scan technique in open- and closed-aperture configurations. The thin film sample of

Y
b
F
e

O

3

deposited on quartz substrate is irradiated with

∼

50

f
s

laser pulses of varying input powers.

Y
b
F
e

O

3

exhibited reverse saturable absorption characteristics at the excitation wavelengths of 600 and 800 nm. The observed NL absorption characteristics are associated with the electronic excitation between

F

e

3
+

3d-orbitals and charge transfer transition from O 2p-orbital to

F

e

3
+

3d-orbitals, respectively. The NL parameters are estimated using the coupled-type absorption model for simultaneous linear and two-photon absorption (2PA) developed previously by our group and found comparable to that of the many other mixed oxide materials such as

(

B
a

,

S
r

)

T
i

O

3

. The NL coefficients are correlated with linear absorption characteristics at 2PA wavelengths and with the theoretical 2PA model based on parabolic and nonparabolic band structures reported in the literature.
Modeling and characteristics of a nanostructured NiO/GeSe core–shell perovskite solar cell
Authors: Khaled Awad , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O. , Hussein Mohamed , Grattan K. T. V. , Rahman B. M. A. , Obayya S. S. A. 
Published: October 2021

Inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently
seen considerable progress, and this has encouraged researchers to
evolve and test numerous different and potentially improved device
architectures. As a result, in this paper, a theoretical design for
improving light absorption to obtain maximum photocurrent using
NiO/GeSe core–shell nanostructures is introduced. The effects of using
nanostructure arrays, based on the light trapping technique, on the
light absorption, generation of carriers, absorption field profiles,
and finally the photocurrent density of PSCs, have been investigated
through a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain approach. By
selecting NiO and GeSe as the core and the shell materials, the
absorption of the active layer has been increased, relative to the use
of a conventional planar structure. This core–shell nanostructure
leads to a reduction in the carrier recombination within the PSC
proposed design. The results obtained from our simulation show that
the device performance is highly dependent on the height and materials
used in the core–shell. Significantly, an optimal height of 160 nm was
obtained for core–shell in a PSC design with a

J

ph

value of

27.23

m
A

/

c
m

2

.
Un Trono constitucional para Francia: Chateaubriand y la idea de una monarquía liberal
Authors: Zerolo Durán Armando 
Published: October 2021

La Restauración en Francia fue el campo de prueba de un experimento político que funcionó mal. La Revolución acabó con el Antiguo Régimen y abrió la posibilidad de una forma política más democrática. El objeto de investigación de este ensayo se centra en dos puntos. El primero, la interpretación personal que hizo Chateaubriand de los principios constitucionales establecidos en la Carta de 1814 otorgada por Luis XVIII; el segundo, la lucha velada que sostuvo con los miembros de su partido desde la tribuna del periódico El Conservador para explicarles que la Monarquía debía adaptarse a los principios constitucionales si quería sobrevivir. Se verá que la propuesta de Chateaubriand era mucho más consecuente de lo que habitualmente se ha afirmado y que en sus escritos se puede encontrar una teoría política original.
UPGRADE OF THE LANGENDORFF APPARATUS USING THE INFRARED THERMO-CONTROL SYSTEM AND AN INTELLIGENT HEATER
Authors: Skopalík Josef , Sekora Jiří , Pešl Martin , Bébarová Markéta , Švecová Olga , Parák Tomáš , Čmiel Vratislav , Provaznik Ivo , Jeklová Edita , Mašek Josef 
Published: October 2021

Biological experiments involving isolated organs and tissues demand precise temperature monitoring and regulation. An automatic temperature control system was proposed and optimised on real isolated swine hearts and the prototype is described in this work. The traditional Langendorff apparatus consists of a heart holder, a reservoir of perfusion solution flowing to aortic cannula and a heating bath allowing passive heat transfer to the reservoir of perfusion solution. The commercial infrared camera FLIR T62101 was added to this basic set-up and used for very precise monitoring of the temperature kinetic of the organ and connected with an electronic feedback loop, which allowed real-time and precise regulation of heat transfer from the heating bath to the perfusion solution and in turn indirectly to the heart tissue. This provides real time control and active regulation of the myocardial tissue temperature. The infrared camera was tested in several modes and several variants of detection were optimised for ideal measurement of the region of interest of the ex vivo organ. The kinetics of the temperature changes and temperature stability of the tissue were recorded and calibrated by external electronic thermometers (type Pt100, inserted in tissue). The time lapse from the hang-up of the hypo termed organ (30 °C) until optimal warming (37 °C) was less than eight minutes in the final instrument prototype. The final stability of the 37 °C tissue temperature was approved; the temperature fluctuation of left ventricle tissue was characterised as 36.8 ± 0.5 °C. This upgraded traditional instrument could be used in specific preclinical and clinical transplantation and analytical projects in future.
Temporal Regimes in Kenmu nitchū gyōji (Daily Observances of the Kenmu Era), with annotated translation
Authors: Müller Simone 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article examines time recording and time practices in Kenmu nitchū gyōji, a medieval document describing daily and monthly routine at the court of Emperor Go-Daigo in the beginning of the fourteenth century. By probing into the text’s chronographic and chronopolitical features, it is shown that Kenmu nitchū gyōji is strongly concerned with temporality, providing an ideal in which court regularities are meant to repeat identically according to a minutely regulated sequential progression. These peculiar temporal characteristics exhibit the text’s political function: by way of a chronological and at the same time cyclical structure, the image of a divine order is provided, thus legitimizing imperial rule.
The shifted Gompertz-G family of distributions: Properties and applications
Authors: Eghwerido Joseph Thomas , Agu Friday Ikechukwu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article proposes a class of generator for classical statistical distribution called the shifted Gompertz-G (SHIGO-G) distribution for generating new continuous distributions. Special models of the proposed model were examined together with some of its statistical properties in closed form which makes it tractable for censored data. Its major properties include heavy tail, approximately symmetric, left and right skewed with a combination of exponential and a reverted Gumbel distributions called the Gompertz. The bivariate SHIGO-G is introduced. The parameters estimate of the proposed model was obtained by maximum likelihood method. A Monte Carlo simulation study was employed to investigate the performance of the estimators of the proposed model mean, variance, bias and mean square error. A two real life illustration was used to examine the empirical goodness-of-fit of the test statistic of the proposed model. The results of the real life applications show that the SHIGO-G model provides a better fit for the data set used.
Ethics in criminological research of online communities
Authors: Kruopštaitė Ingrida , Šupa Maryja 
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is to outline and critically analyse the ethical dilemmas faced by criminologists tasked with online community research. Online communities and online content serve as a valuable sources of criminological knowledge about online crime and deviance as well as formal and informal norm-making and means of social control. From discussion forum texts and blogs to multimedia posts in open and closed social networking groups, from visual and video materials on Instagram, Youtube, or Tiktok to organized crime group data exchanges in publicly inaccessible communication channels, there is great diversity and variety of the contents and forms of online communication enacted by online communities. Correspondingly, research projects are different – some focusing on the content as a linguistic object, others focusing on social relations, social network structure, and its ethnographic characteristics, while many fall in between. In addition, depending on the research goals and sensitivity of the research questions, researchers may opt for active interaction or passive (and sometimes covert) observation. Therefore there is no one-size-fits-all ethical solution for approaching online communities in criminology. Based on an in-depth analysis of methodological literature, the paper suggests that online community research is largely a matter of situational ethics, wherein researchers must make situation-aware ethical decisions about several key issues. In particular, they should aim to choose and provide arguments regarding: 1) expectations of publicity or privacy in publicly accessible information; 2) the need for informed consent or absence of such need; 3) ensuring balance between anonymity and authorship attribution; 4) securing collected data; and 5) correctly assessing risks to the researched individuals and communities, and the researchers themselves.
Improving Timeliness of Insulin Administration by Using an Insulin Dose Calculator
Authors: Ruddock-Walker Sara , Shaaban Sarah , Jacobson Jessica L. , Meltzer Laura , Minutti Carla Z. , Hovey Sara W. 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES
Insulin is a high-risk medication, and its dosing depends on the individualized clinical and nutritional needs of each patient. Our hospital implemented an insulin dose calculator (IDC) imbedded in the electronic medical record with the goal of decreasing average wait times in inpatient insulin ordering and administration. In this study, we evaluated whether implementation of an IDC decreased the average wait time for insulin administration for hospitalized pediatric patients.

METHODS
This pre- and postintervention cohort study measured wait times between point-of-care glucose testing and insulin administration. Patients admitted to the inpatient pediatric services who were treated with subcutaneous insulin during the study period were included. Additionally, nurses completed satisfaction surveys on the insulin administration process at our hospital pre- and post-IDC implementation. Descriptive statistics, χ2, Fisher’s exact test, and Student t tests were used to compare groups. Statistical process control charts were used to analyze data trends.

RESULTS
The preintervention cohort included 79 insulin doses for admitted pediatric patients. The postimplementation cohort included 128 insulin doses ordered via the IDC. Post-IDC implementation, the average wait time between point-of-care glucose testing and insulin administration decreased from 37 to 25 minutes (P &lt; .05). The statistical process control chart revealed a 5-month run below the established mean after implementation of the IDC. Before IDC implementation, 15.6% of nurses expressed satisfaction in the insulin-dosing process compared with 69.2% postimplementation (P &lt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS
Implementation of an IDC reduced the average wait time in ordering and administration of rapid-acting insulin and improved nursing satisfaction with the process.
“It Has Added Another Layer of Stress”: COVID-19’s Impact in the PICU
Authors: Balistreri Kathryn A. , Lim Paulina S. , Tager Julia B. , Davies W. Hobart , Karst Jeffrey S. , Scanlon Matthew C. , Rothschild Charles B. 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically changed health care delivery and impacted health care providers. However, little is known about the impact of the pandemic in PICUs. In this qualitative study, we aimed to assess pediatric critical care providers’ perspectives on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the experiences of patients and families in the PICU and on their personal and professional lives.

METHODS
Nineteen pediatric critical care and complex care attending physicians and nurse practitioners from a PICU in a tertiary, freestanding children’s hospital in the Midwest completed a semistructured, qualitative interview. Transcripts were analyzed by using thematic analysis.

RESULTS
For both PICU providers and patients and families, participants described a negative overall impact of the pandemic, especially relating to increased stress and fear of contracting the disease. Disease precautions such as visitor restrictions and restricting movement were reported to be particularly stressful for families because they limited coping strategies (eg, in-person social support). Providers described changes to the work environment, patient care, and their personal lives.

CONCLUSIONS
Results elucidate the perceived impacts of COVID-19 and associated hospital precautions on the lives of PICU providers, patients, and families. Providers, patients, and families likely require additional psychosocial support during the pandemic. When possible, policies regarding disease management should maximize safety while minimizing additional stress. Further research is needed to explore patient and family perspectives regarding the impact of COVID-19 and to evaluate the continued impact of COVID-19 over time.
One-loop Form Factors for \(H\rightarrow \gamma^*\gamma^*\) in \(R_{\xi}\) Gauge
Authors: Phan Khiem Hong , Tran Dzung Tri 
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we present general one-loop form factors for \(H\rightarrow \gamma^* \gamma^*\) in \(R_{\xi}\) gauge, considering all cases of two on-shell, one on-shell and two off-shell for final photons. The calculations are performed in standard model and in arbitrary beyond the standard models which charged scalar particles may be exchanged in one-loop diagrams. Analytic results for the form factors are shown in general forms which are expressed in terms of the Passarino-Veltman functions. We also confirm the results in previous computations which are available for the case of two on-shell photons. The \(\xi\)-independent of the result is also discussed. We find that numerical results are good stability with varying \(\xi=0,1\) and \(\xi\rightarrow \infty\).
EFFECT OF TOOL PIN PROFILES OVER SQUARE WAVE TOOL PATH PATTERN ON FRICTION STIR WELDING OF AA6061-CU DISSIMILAR ALLOYS
Authors: Prabhu Loganathan , Shanmugam Satish , Chandrasekaran Thiagarajan 
Published: October 2021

In this present work friction stir welding of Al6061-annealed pure copper dissimilar metals with square wave pattern tool pin movementwas investigated. The aim of this experiment is to identify the significance square wave tool movement on friction stir welding process along with three different tool pin profiles. Different tool pin profiles of square, round and hexaspiral shapes were selected and their significant outcomes were unveiled. Friction stir welding process parameters of 1500 and 2000rpm & tool pin movement step size of 1.0mm and 2.0mm & weaving rate of 100mm/min and 150mm/min were selected. The advantages of tool movement pattern and tool pin profile shape wereexamined by mechanical testing, microstructure analysis. The mechanical results were showed that process parameter of 1500 rpm, 1.0mm step size, weldingrate of 150mm/min and square tool pin profile combination gives better mechanical properties. Micro structural results unveiled achievement of better grain refinement and uniform dispersion of micro constituents by implementation of square wave tool pin movement pattern along with square tool pin profile.The EDAX report confirms that the weld nugget contains both aluminum and copper as equal percentage, which indicates fine mixing of two parent metals.
The Meaning of Village Purification and Worshipping Water Spring as A Ritual To Preserve The Ecological Sustainability of Penanggungan Sites East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hudiyanto Reza , Lutfi Ismail 
Published: October 2021

This study attempted to describe the correlation between village purification and water spring worshipping – which are held every year by villagers nearby Penanggungan sites, as well as the sustainability of archaeological sites and their surrounding environment. Considering the research object was a cultural phenomenon, qualitative research was applied in describing and analyzing the finding. This research method demanded more detailed information of the sequent events, their components, and meanings. Therefore, we began the research activities by observing, describing, interpreting, and reporting every moment in the rituals. In the second stage, we attempted to correlate between this ritual proceed to the preservation of the water supply. Our research showed that ritual has played an important role in preserving the ecological balance between human beings and nature. When the people believed to the creed that temples and other archaeological objects were home to spiritual power and figured out the last civilization, they would not make any damages to the soil, illegal logging, and a fire in the ridge. Any disturbance to their mountain would give an effect on their means of life since most of the villagers were rice growers. It also proved that there was a connection between popular belief about the sacred place and environment conservation.