bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood DCs activated with R848 and poly(I:C) induce antigen-specific immune responses against viral and tumor-associated antigens
Authors: Hänel Gerulf , Angerer Caroline , Petry Katja , Lichtenegger Felix S. , Subklewe Marion 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMonocyte-derived Dendritic cells (DCs) have successfully been employed to induce immune responses against tumor-associated antigens in patients with various cancer entities. However, objective clinical responses have only been achieved in a minority of patients. Additionally, generation of GMP-compliant DCs requires time- and labor-intensive cell differentiation. In contrast, Blood DCs (BDCs) require only minimal ex vivo handling, as differentiation occurs in vivo resulting in potentially better functional capacities and survival. We aimed to identify a protocol for optimal in vitro activation of BDCs including the three subsets pDCs, cDC1s, and cDC2s. We evaluated several TLR ligand combinations and demonstrated that polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] and R848, ligands for TLR3 and TLR7/8, respectively, constituted the optimal combination for inducing a positive co-stimulatory profile in all BDC subsets. In addition, TLR3 and TLR7/8 activation led to high secretion of IFN-α and IL-12p70. Simultaneous as opposed to separate tailored activation of pDCs and cDCs increased immunostimulatory capacities, suggesting that BDC subsets engage in synergistic cross-talk during activation. Stimulation of BDCs with this protocol resulted in enhanced migration, high NK-cell activation, and potent antigen-specific T-cell induction.We conclude that simultaneous activation of all BDC subsets with a combination of R848 + poly(I:C) generates highly immunostimulatory DCs. These results support further investigation and clinical testing, as standalone or in conjunction with other immunotherapeutic strategies including adoptive T-cell transfer and checkpoint inhibition.
Cigarette smoke alters inflammatory genes and the extracellular matrix — investigations on viable sections of peripheral human lungs
Authors: Obernolte Helena , Niehof Monika , Braubach Peter , Fieguth Hans-Gerd , Jonigk Danny , Pfennig Olaf , Tschernig Thomas , Warnecke Gregor , Braun Armin , Sewald Katherina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex chronic respiratory disorder often caused by cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke contains hundreds of toxic substances. In our study, we wanted to identify initial mechanisms of cigarette smoke induced changes in the distal lung. Viable slices of human lungs were exposed 24 h to cigarette smoke condensate, and the dose–response profile was analyzed. Non-toxic condensate concentrations and lipopolysaccharide were used for further experiments. COPD-related protein and gene expression was measured. Cigarette smoke condensate did not induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and most inflammation-associated genes. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide significantly induced IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 (proteins) and IL1B, IL6, and TNF (genes). Interestingly, cigarette smoke condensate induced metabolism- and extracellular matrix–associated proteins and genes, which were not influenced by lipopolysaccharide. Also, a significant regulation of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, as well as MMP9 and MMP9/TIMP1 ratio, was observed which resembles typical findings in COPD. In conclusion, our data show that cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide induce significant responses in human lung tissue ex vivo, giving first hints that COPD starts early in smoking history.
Research@ZaB: Study of FDS Capabilities to Assess the High-Speed Train Impact on Pressure Pattern Within a Railway Tunnel
Authors: Patsekha Aliaksei , Galler Robert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe “wind tunnel” approach is applied to study high-speed train aerodynamics in a railway tunnel using FDS software. The main focus of the research is on the pressure distribution along the tunnel. Proven analytical dependencies based on the experimental observations for air jet centerline velocity and flow entrainment are used to evaluate the model setup. A model verification is carried out based on the pressure drop calculations due to viscous effects where the impact of the surface roughness and the tunnel length are also considered. A sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate changes in input FDS parameters and to explore interactions between them. It is proposed to use the standard deviation, obtained from the calculated time-averaged pressure values, to specify the appropriate numeric parameter combinations, e.g. DT and PRESSURE_TOLERANCE, considering the desired results consistency and the computational time consumed. The simulated cases with and without a train inside a tunnel provide data on the aerodynamic characteristics of the models. The obtained volumetric and cross-sectional profiles for pressure and airflow velocity distribution form the basis for an informed decision regarding the tunnel design or safety solutions, for example, defining areas under maximal and minimal pressure loads. The analysis displays the necessity to carefully manage each investigated case considering the FDS features and limitations that largely affect a model setup and calculations.
Sealing materials for post-extraction site: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Del Fabbro Massimo , Tommasato Grazia , Pesce Paolo , Ravidà Andrea , Khijmatgar Shahnawaz , Sculean Anton , Galli Matthew , Antonacci Donato , Canullo Luigi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aim
By means of a systematic review and network meta-analysis, this study aims to answer the following questions: (a) does the placement of a biomaterial over an extraction socket lead to better outcomes in terms of horizontal and vertical alveolar dimensional changes and percentage of new bone formation than healing without coverage? And (b) which biomaterial(s) provide(s) the better outcomes?

Materials and methods
Parallel and split-mouth randomized controlled trials treating ≥ 10 patients were included in this analysis. Studies were identified with MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus. Primary outcomes were preservation of horizontal and vertical alveolar dimension and new bone formation inside the socket. Both pairwise and network meta-analysis (NMA) were undertaken to obtain estimates for primary outcomes. For NMA, prediction intervals were calculated to estimate clinical efficacy, and SUCRA was used to rank the materials based on their performance; multidimensional ranking was used to rank treatments based on dissimilarity. The manuscript represents the proceedings of a consensus conference of the Italian Society of Osseointegration (IAO).

Results
Twelve trials were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis: 312 sites were evaluated. Autologous soft tissue grafts were associated with better horizontal changes compared to resorbable membranes. A statistically significant difference in favor of resorbable membranes, when compared to no membrane, was found, with no statistically significant heterogeneity. For the comparison between crosslinked and non-crosslinked membranes, a statistically significant difference was found in favor of the latter and confirmed by histomorphometric NMA analysis. Given the relatively high heterogeneity detected in terms of treatment approaches, materials, and outcome assessment, the findings of the NMA must be interpreted cautiously.

Conclusions
Coverage of the healing site is associated with superior results compared to no coverage, but no specific sealing technique and/or biomaterial provides better results than others. RCTs with larger sample sizes are needed to better elucidate the trends emerged from the present analysis.

Clinical relevance
Autologous soft tissue grafts and membranes covering graft materials in post-extraction sites were proved to allow lower hard tissue shrinkage compared to the absence of coverage material with sealing effect. Histomorphometric analyses showed that non-crosslinked membranes provide improved hard tissue regeneration when compared to crosslinked ones.
The success and effectiveness of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion are age- and sex-dependent
Authors: Jeon Ji Yoon , Choi Sung-Hwan , Chung Chooryung Judi , Lee Kee-Joon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to assess the success rate and the amount of suture separation after the miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) procedure in relation to the chronological age and sex of the patients.

Materials and methods
The periapical radiographs of 215 subjects (95 male; 120 female; range, 6–60 years) who had undergone MARPE treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The success of suture separation was determined and, in suture-separated subjects, the amount of suture separation was evaluated by suture separation ratio calculated from the periapical radiograph obtained after active expansion. Association tests were performed using linear-by-linear association, the Jonckheere-Terpstra test, Fisher’s exact test, and the Mann–Whitney U test, and linear regression models were also developed.

Results
The success rate of suture separation was 61.05% in male, 94.17% in female, and 79.53% in both sexes. There was a statistically significant association between older age and suture nonseparation in male (p < 0.001), but not in female (p = 0.221). In suture-separated subjects, there was a statistically significant trend toward a low amount of suture separation with older age subgroups in both sexes (p < 0.001); however, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of suture separation between male and female in all age subgroups.

Conclusions
Older patients treated with MARPE, particularly in male, may have a reduced likelihood of both success in suture separation and sufficient basal bone expansion.

Clinical relevance
This study demonstrates that clinicians should consider that the success rate of MARPE and the amount of suture separation may depend on chronological age and sex.
Willows in the farming landscape: a forgotten eco-cultural icon
Authors: Rotherham Ian D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent studies have revealed a largely forgotten rural landscape in which Salix (willow) species were a characteristic, iconic, and utilitarian feature. In former wetlands, now largely removed by massive drainage schemes since the 1600s various willow species were distinctive features of the landscape and of major value to agricultural communities that inhabited those places. From lowlands to uplands across the British countryside willows dominated much wetter and more extensive landscapes. Remnant upland willow woods (now present as ‘shadow woods’) exist as isolated remnants in small wet habitats in an often desiccated landscape fragmented and drained. In the lowlands, especially former fenland areas, willows were present in extensive wet (carr) woodlands and in cultivated beds of withies or osier holts, and as coppices and pollards on boundaries and in field edges across the countryside. The economic driver of withy beds survived in the main English fenlands until the mid-twentieth century. Today these once extensive and important landscapes are mostly forgotten and derelict; and furthermore, the eco-cultural resource of the willows is currently under threat with unrecorded veteran trees being actively removed by farmers. This paper introduces the significance of the willow landscapes, the history of the eco-cultural resource, and the implications of neglect for future conservation.
Teaching CAD/CAM/CAE tools with project-based learning in virtual distance education
Authors: Sola-Guirado Rafael R. , Guerrero-Vacas Guillermo , Rodríguez-Alabanda Óscar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComputer-aided design, manufacturing and engineering technologies (CAD/CAM/CAE) are a mainstay in today’s industry and therefore they should be an important part in the current training plan of the graduate engineers. However, their implementation in the university environment presents certain barriers that make it difficult. In this work, we study the feasibility of the teaching proposal of the management of this type of tools through a Project-Based Learning method in a distance learning environment. The methodology has been implemented transversally in two Master’s degree subjects related to advanced design and manufacturing and has been carried out thanks to the operation of the product lifecycle management platform software by virtual machines. The practice has given very good pedagogical results in the work of skills related to the field of industrial design and manufacturing. The virtual system has demonstrated high efficiency and students have shown a satisfactory evolution in their professional training.
Wave-induced Lagrangian drift in a porous seabed
Authors: Weber Jan Erik H. , Ghaffari Peygham 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe mean drift in a porous seabed caused by long surface waves in the overlying fluid is investigated theoretically. We use a Lagrangian formulation for the fluid and the porous bed. For the wave field we assume inviscid flow, and in the seabed, we apply Darcy’s law. Throughout the analysis, we assume that the long-wave approximation is valid. Since the pressure gradient is nonlinear in the Lagrangian formulation, the balance of forces in the porous bed now contains nonlinear terms that yield the mean horizontal Stokes drift. In addition, if the waves are spatially damped due to interaction with the underlying bed, there must be a nonlinear balance in the fluid layer between the mean surface gradient and the gradient of the radiation stress. This causes, through continuity of pressure, an additional force in the porous layer. The corresponding drift is larger than the Stokes drift if the depth of the porous bed is more than twice that of the fluid layer. The interaction between the fluid layer and the seabed can also cause the waves to become temporally attenuated. Again, through nonlinearity, this leads to a horizontal Stokes drift in the porous layer, but now damped in time. In the long-wave approximation only the horizontal component of the permeability in the porous medium appears, so our analysis is valid for a medium that has different permeabilities in the horizontal and vertical directions. It is suggested that the drift results may have an application to the transport of microplastics in the porous oceanic seabed.
Fish morphology and passage through velocity barriers. Experience with northern straight-mouth nase (Pseudochondrostoma duriense Coelho, 1985) in an open channel flume
Authors: Sánchez-González J. R. , Morcillo F. , Ruiz-Legazpi J. , Sanz-Ronda F. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKnowing the relationship between size, morphological traits and swimming performance of fish is essential to understand the swimming capacity to successfully surpass these obstacles and the selective pressure that barriers in rivers and streams could exert on fish. Northern straight-mouth nase, an endemic potamodromous cyprinid fish species from the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, was selected to carry out volitionally swimming performance experiments in an open channel against three different flow velocities, using telemetry and video cameras. The use of thin-plate spline, on 10 landmarks, evidenced unknown patterns linked to velocity barriers. At lower flow velocity, size is the main factor explaining the swimming performance; thus, large individuals swim up more efficiently. In contrast, at high flow velocities, shape becomes the essential explanatory variable; thereby, streamlined body shapes with a higher relative position of the tail and a narrower caudal peduncle are more efficient. The obtained results show the existence of a relationship between fish morphology and swimming performance, with potential consequences due to selection pressures associated with velocity barriers and their implications on behavioural and dispersal processes. To sum up, velocity barriers could exert a selection pressure on nase populations, so the fishway design and removal should be (re)considered.
The Indirect Approach: Towards Non-Dominating Dementia Care
Authors: Carter Matilda 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Carers often interfere with the choices of people living with dementia. On neorepublican and (most) relational egalitarian views, interference can be justified if it tracks a person's interests: if it does not lead to a relationship of domination. However, the kind of environment-shaping interventions carers often pursue would be considered infantilising or objectionably paternalistic in other cases. In this paper, I defend this indirect approach and argue that it offers the best prospects of dementia care without domination.
Electrical Conductivity Enhancement of V2O5-P2O5-Bi2O3 Glasses by Nanocrystallization
Authors: Ibrahim F. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe structural and electrical properties of the xP2O5-(40 − x) Bi2O3-60V2O5 (0 ≤ x ≤ 20) glass system have been investigated. The samples were prepared by the conventional melt-quenching technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the amorphous nature of the present glasses. Nanocrystalline grains were found due to the annealing of the glass samples under study. Nanocrystals with an average grain size of 22 nm were implanted in the glass structure and estimated from the XRD patterns of the glass–ceramic samples. DC conductivity of the glass system has been determined in the temperature range 300–500 K. It was found that the general behavior of electrical conductivity was similar for all the glass compositions and found to decrease with increasing phosphate content. The electrical conductivity of the glass–ceramic nanocrystals obtained by annealing at crystallization temperature (Tc) was much higher than the initial glass. The activation energy (W) was enhanced by annealing and was obtained from plots of temperature-dependent DC conductivity, and found to be 0.23–0.31 eV for glasses and 0.19–0.23 eV for the glass–ceramic nanocrystals.
The Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSTCs) and Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ASCs) Axis as a Potential Major Driver of Metabolic Syndrome – Novel Concept and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Marycz Krzysztof , Kornicka-Garbowska Katarzyna , Galuppo Larry , Bourebaba Lynda 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Herein, we would like to introduce a novel concept for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, which is based on molecular relationship between liver and adipose tissue. Particularly, we believe, that unravelling the molecular crosstalk between hepatokines and adipokines will allow to better understand the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases and allow to develop novel, effective therapeutic solutions against obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Graphical Abstract
Inter-organ communication on the level of stem progenitor cells-hepatic stellate cells (HSTCs) and adipose-derived progenitors (ASCs) could represents a key mechanism involved in controlling glucose tolerance as well as insulin sensitivity.
Cybercrime Victimization and Problematic Social Media Use: Findings from a Nationally Representative Panel Study
Authors: Marttila Eetu , Koivula Aki , Räsänen Pekka 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccording to criminological research, online environments create new possibilities for criminal activity and deviant behavior. Problematic social media use (PSMU) is a habitual pattern of excessive use of social media platforms. Past research has suggested that PSMU predicts risky online behavior and negative life outcomes, but the relationship between PSMU and cybercrime victimization is not properly understood. In this study, we use the framework of routine activity theory (RAT) and lifestyle-exposure theory (LET) to examine the relationship between PSMU and cybercrime victimization. We analyze how PSMU is linked to cybercrime victimization experiences. We explore how PSMU predicts cybercrime victimization, especially under those risky circumstances that generally increase the probability of victimization. Our data come from nationally representative surveys, collected in Finland in 2017 and 2019. The results of the between-subjects tests show that problematic PSMU correlates relatively strongly with cybercrime victimization. Within-subjects analysis shows that increased PSMU increases the risk of victimization. Overall, the findings indicate that, along with various confounding factors, PSMU has a notable cumulative effect on victimization. The article concludes with a short summary and discussion of the possible avenues for future research on PSMU and cybercrime victimization.
Fluoride Exposure and Age of Menarche: Potential Differences Among Adolescent Girls and Women in the United States
Authors: Malin Ashley J. , Busgang Stefanie A. , Garcia Jaqueline C. , Bose Sonali , Sanders Alison P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFluoride exposure is associated with later pubertal development and decreased testosterone production in adolescent and adult males. However, its effects on female reproductive health and pubertal development are unclear. Therefore, we examined associations of fluoride exposure with reproductive health outcomes among adolescent girls and women in the United States. Participants were from The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2013 to 2016), aged 16–19 and identified as female. There were 524 and 460 participants with measures of plasma fluoride and household tap water fluoride respectively, who had at least one reproductive health outcome examined, and complete covariate data. We applied covariate adjusted survey-weighted linear or logistic regression to examine associations of fluoride exposure with age of menarche, menstrual cycle regularity, or serum sex steroid hormone levels. Median interquartile range (IQR) water and plasma fluoride concentrations were 0.48 (0.53) mg/L and 0.34 (0.30) µmol/L respectively. An IQR increase in water fluoride was associated with a 3.3 month earlier first menstrual period (B =  − 0.28, 95%CI − 0.54, − 0.02, p = 0.05). Additionally, we observed a significant interaction between plasma fluoride and race/ethnicity in association with age of menarche (p = 0.01). Among Non-Hispanic Black adolescents, each IQR increase in plasma fluoride was associated with a 5-month earlier age of menarche (B =  − 0.42, 95%CI − 0.61, − 0.23, p < 0.001). Potential impacts of chronic low-level fluoride exposure on reproductive health outcomes are an important area of study. Current study findings, as well as potential health disparities due to disproportionate fluoride exposure should be examined in prospective studies.