bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superconductor-based passive shielding and screening systems
Authors: Rotheudt Nicolas , Fracasso Michela , Vanderbemden Philippe , Gozzelino Laura 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The attenuation of magnetic fields is crucial for various application fields, including health, space exploration, and fundamental physics, to name just a few. Superconductors are key materials for addressing this challenge. In this review, we mainly focus on the shielding and screening of quasi-static magnetic fields using superconductor-based passive layouts. After providing a brief overview of the principles of magnetic shielding and screening using superconductors, we outline commonly used procedures for measuring the field attenuation. Next, we give an insight into analytical and numerical models able to reproduce experimental results and predict the performances of new designs. Key challenges and achievements in employing low temperature or high temperature &#xD;superconducting bulk and tape-based structures for reducing a given applied field are then discussed. Additionally, hybrid designs combining superconducting and ferromagnetic materials, aimed at enhancing the shielding ability or fabricating magnetic cloaks, are described. Finally, we highlight future challenges and potential advancements in this technology.
Proximity-induced anomalous topological superconductivity in an antiferromagnetic honeycomb-lattice
Authors: Qi Fenghua , Xiang Yuanyuan , Cao Jie , Jin Guojun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Topological superconductivity, generated in an engineered system with the proximity effect from an s-wave superconductor, usually requires the original sample to be a topological insulator. In this study, we propose a novel form of topological superconductivity in a honeycomb lattice arising from both antiferromagnetism (AFM) and s-wave superconductivity. Eventhough the honeycomb lattice with AFM is a normal insulator, the inherent topology of such a system is nontrivial. The topology of the system is determined by the relative values of the s-wave pairing potential and antiferromagnetic order. Notably, there are no chiral edge states at the open boundary if the engineered system is uniform everywhere, whether topologically trivial or not. However, when two parts with different topologies are brought together, two chiral edge states emerge at the topological phase boundary in the middle of the material. This challenges the bulk-edge correspondence observed in conventional topological materials. These chiral edge states are protected by valley symmetry and, owing to their Majorana fermion nature, can contribute to a half-integer quantized conductance.
Metasurface integrated dual polarized all textile antenna for WBAN application
Authors: Kheradiya Varsha , Pandey Ganga Prasad , Desai Arpan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a dual-polarized textile antenna with an integrated polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications. The proposed quad-band antenna design achieves linear-to-circular polarization conversion at 1.9 GHz and 6.1 GHz through a 5 × 5 PCM, enabling enhanced circular polarization performance. The PCM unit cell comprises two square rings with plus-shaped metal strips constructed with copper polyester taffeta fabric (CPTF) on a flexible textile substrate, such as jeans. The antenna operates across four bands: GSM1900 (1.9 GHz), LTE (2.8 GHz), WLAN (5.2 GHz), and Wi-Fi 6E (6.1 GHz). Textile PCM antenna underwent theoretical evaluation, numerical optimization, and parametric investigation, resulting in a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 1.75–2.05 GHz (15%) and 5.97–6.28 GHz (5.3%), validated by measurements. The compact antenna design 0.45 λ
0 × 0.43 λ
0 × 0.0054 λ
0 mm3 is positioned above 15 mm PCM, which has a dimension of 0.63

λ

0

× 0.63

λ

0

× 0.11

λ

0

mm3. The antenna achieves a 95% gain increase at 6.1 GHz, a front-to-back ratio of up to 6.6 dB, and a substantial reduction in SAR levels (by 95%) due to the PCM’s effect when positioned 5 mm from the human body. The design’s robustness is demonstrated under bending conditions, with Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis showing safety for WBAN use. Simultaneous linear and circular polarization, gain enhancement, improved front-to-back ratio, and reduced SAR impact make this antenna highly suitable for wearable applications.
ARE-QL: an enhanced Q-learning algorithm with optimized search for mobile robot path planning
Authors: Zhang Yunjie , Liu Yue , Chen Yadong , Yang Zhenjian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper addresses challenges in Q-learning for mobile robot path planning, specifically low learning efficiency and slow convergence. An ARE-QL algorithm with an optimized search range is proposed to address these issues. Firstly, the reward function of Q-learning is enhanced. A dynamic continuous reward mechanism, based on heuristic environmental information, is introduced to reduce the robot’s search space and improve learning efficiency. Secondly, integrating the pheromone mechanism from the ant colony algorithm introduces a pheromone-guided matrix and path filtering, optimizing the search range and accelerating convergence to the optimal path. Additionally, an adaptive exploration strategy based on state familiarity enhances the algorithm’s efficiency and robustness. Simulation results demonstrate that the ARE-QL algorithm outperforms standard Q-learning and other improved algorithms. It achieves faster convergence and higher path quality across various environmental complexities. The ARE-QL algorithm enhances path planning efficiency while demonstrating strong adaptability and robustness, providing new insights and solutions for mobile robot path planning research.
Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Study on Transition-Metal Kagome Materials
Authors: Yang Jiangang , Huang Jianwei , Zhao Lin , Zhou X. J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has become a cornerstone technique for elucidating the electronic structures of emergent quantum materials. Among these, kagome materials—distinguished by their two-dimensional lattice of corner-sharing triangles—provide a fertile ground for investigating exotic quantum phenomena, driven by geometric frustration, electronic correlation, and topology. In this review, we present a overview of recent ARPES studies on transition-metal kagome materials. We first outline the fundamental features of their electronic structure, including van Hove singularities (vHSs), Dirac points, and flat bands, and discuss the novel quantum states that arise from many-body interactions within the kagome lattice. We then highlight key ARPES investigations into these unique electronic structures, detailing their manifestation and associated quantum states in representative kagome materials. Finally, we offer a forward-looking perspective on the potential of ARPES to uncover new quantum phenomena and its broader implications for the study of underlying physics in kagome materials.
All-microwave CZ Gate Based on Fixed-Frequency Driven Coupler
Authors: Gao Wanpeng , He Xiaoliang , Niu Zhengqi , Bao Daqiang , Liu Kuang , Chen Junfeng , Wang Zhen , Lin Z. R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
High-quality entangling gates are crucial for scalable quantum information processing. Implementing all-microwave two-qubit gates on fixed-frequency transmons offers advantages in reducing wiring complexity, but gate performance is often limited due to residual ZZ interaction and frequency crowding problem. Here, we introduce a novel scheme that enables a microwave drive-activated CZ gate compatible with the coupler structure to suppress residual ZZ interaction. The microwave drive is applied on coupler and the microwave drive frequency remains far detuned from the system’s transition frequency to alleviate frequency crowding problem. We model the gate process analytically and demonstrate a theoretical gate fidelity up to 99.9% numerically. Our scheme is compatible with current coupler-structure-based circuits, and insensitive to microwave crosstalk, showing a possible path for all-microwave quantum operations at scale.
Acetylcholine-loaded nanoparticles protect against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in in vitro cardiac spheroids
Authors: Liu Chung Ming Clara , Patil Runali , Refaat Ahmed , Lal Sean , Wang Xiaowei , Gentile Carmine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used in chemotherapy, yet it significantly contributes to heart failure-associated death. Acetylcholine (ACh) is cardioprotective by enhancing heart rate variability and reducing mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Nonetheless, the protective role of ACh in countering DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) remains underexplored as current approaches to increasing ACh levels are invasive and unsafe for patients. In this study, we explore the protective effects of ACh against DIC through three distinct ACh administration strategies: i) freely-suspended 100µM ACh; ii) ACh-producing cholinergic neurons (CNs); or iii) ACh-loaded nanoparticles (ACh-NPs). These are tested in in vitro cardiac spheroids (CSs), which have previously been shown to approximate the complex DIC. We assess ACh’s protective effects by measuring the toxicity ratio (cell death/viability), contractile activity, gene expression changes via qPCR and nitric oxide (NO) signaling. Our findings show that ACh effectively attenuates DOX-induced cell death and contractile dysfunction. ACh also counteracts the DOX-induced downregulation of genes controlling myocardial fibrosis, endothelial and cardiomyocyte dysfunction, and autonomic dysregulation. ACh cardioprotection against DOX is dependent on NO signaling in endothelial cells but not in cardiac myocytes or fibroblasts. Altogether, this study shows for the first time that elevating ACh levels showed a promising therapeutic approach for preventing DIC.
Computation in Chemical Graph Rewriting Networks
Authors: Flamm Christoph , Merkle Daniel , Stadler Peter F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Biological systems are frequently viewed as performing computations that are implemented by chemical transformations underlying the turn-over of their molecular components. In chemical reaction networks, computation may refer two at least two fundamentally different aspects: concentrations of molecules, and molecular structures. The latter can be captured by modeling chemical reactions as a rewriting system acting on structural formulae, i.e., labeled graphs. We investigate the computational power of double-pushout (DPO) graph rewriting restricted to chemical graphs and show that chemical graph rewriting is sufficient to emulate Turing machines and 2-tag systems on polymeric graphs that act as tapes. Moreover, we raise the question whether chemistry, modeled as DPO graph rewriting together with some additional form of chemical programs, may be computationally universal in the strong sense, i.e., capable of computing any computable function on chemical graphs.
Demanding Human Rights
Authors: Borum Caty , Conrad-Pérez David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 5, “Demanding Human Rights,” delves into the activities of documentary films, collaborative civil society networks, and community groups that are advocating for human rights around the world. A fundamental media function remains its ability to expose violations of human rights atrocities that take place in the shadows. Civil society organizations and activists come together in this pursuit to challenge governments and corporate actors who are subverting these processes and voices (and who pose a direct threat to justice and human rights in doing so). In 2019, Amnesty International’s groundbreaking report revealed the mechanisms and uptick in actions by which civil society and human rights defenders are harassed, surveilled, attacked, and arrested—a global trend, not reserved for dictatorships alone. In this increasingly hostile climate, this chapter presents several documentary projects and teams working to uphold human rights and to cast a bright light on the long-term implications wrought when these rights are abused, through films that include Hooligan Sparrow (China), One Child Nation (China), Welcome to Chechnya (Russia), Uyra, The Rising Forest (Brazil), and He Named Me Malala (United States).
Demonstrating Activism
Authors: Borum Caty , Conrad-Pérez David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 6, “Demonstrating Activism,” lifts up the work of activists—individual people who find themselves in extraordinary times, called or forced to stand up against injustice and fight for their families and communities. In nearly every juncture in global history where justice and equity are expanded, we see the work of activists as they create networks and inspire others, changing political systems along the way, for better or worse. This chapter examines why activism matters in a global context, and it unpackages the inside machinations and influence of documentaries that show activism at work, through films that include Thank You for the Rain (Kenya), Delikado (Philippines), The Territory (Brazil), And She Could Be Next (United States), and I Am Samuel (Kenya).
The ‘American Negro’ and the White Atlantic
Authors: Tischler Julia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 4 argues that the NAD’s policy of what it called agricultural segregation had not been formed in isolation but through multiple transnational exchanges between experts, missionaries, philanthropists, and administrators. Unlike apartheid in the second half of the century, segregation policy did not stand out as exceptional in its international context. In particular, white South African officials and reformers looked to the Jim Crow US South for inspiration on how to deal with the ‘race question’, adopting and adapting approaches in which agriculture played a central role. South African rural reformers, enlisting the collaboration of American philanthropists and social scientists, ‘whitewashed’ the philosophy of the Tuskegee Institute to transform it into an oppressive pedagogy of inferior education. This model of ‘adapted education’ was decidedly not about the attainment of so-called civilized standards but rather served to limit Africans’ physical and social mobility for the sake of segregation.
The State of Planning
Authors: Tischler Julia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 8 discusses the ways in which, from the 1920s, agricultural education became increasingly framed in national terms after the Union Department of Agriculture began usurping functions that had previously been fulfilled by the provincial agricultural colleges. Spearheaded by the Department of Agriculture’s new Division for Agricultural Education and Extension, state-led agricultural research and education for white rural men and boys expanded rapidly. South African administrators studied examples from the United Kingdom, Europe, and especially the United States to devise a centralized and systematic approach to agricultural education, echoing how national governments elsewhere were intervening much more heavily in farming due to food shortages, droughts, and the Great Depression. At the same time, the Department of Agriculture remained far from representing the omniscient, dirigiste state institution about which its leaders fantasized, and continued to depend on leading farmers’ collaboration. In addition, it stumbled over its dual mission to assist market-oriented, modernizing farmers at the same time as tying struggling white producers to the land. Resulting rural social engineering efforts, including irrigation settlements, vocational training, and school gardens, were inspired by American back-to-the-land ideologies, which South African authorities combined with a desire to stop the ‘blackening’ of the countryside. While rural education became enmeshed in practices of classifying and controlling the poor, the latter especially resisted those measures that were aimed at creating a class of skilled rural labourers rather than encouraging independent farming.
The logic of barter trade: Rational choice and constitutional economics
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With states pursuing self-interests through cooperation, the process of EU supranationalization can be understood as trading ‘jurisdiction’, defined as the allocation of authority or the institutionalized exercise of power. EU states enter a market where the exercise of authority or its renunciation are traded. This leads states to relinquish autonomy in some areas (and craft corresponding authority to EU institutions) while obtaining expected benefits in return. With reciprocal concessions in these trades not always leading to gains for all Member States on every occasion, constitutional economics offers a rationale as to why states nevertheless accept suitable constraints on their behavioural choices that stabilize expectations and produce benefits over time.
Why cooperation fails
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Failure in EU cooperation remains ubiquitous, for example when EU primary law is not respected or when EU members fail to adopt secondary law. With rational choice as standard explanation, ‘self-help’ payoff can be higher than the ‘cooperation’ payoff, a phenomenon well-known in international law. Heterogenous distributional effects as the outcome of EU cooperation solutions add difficulty in reaching cooperation. From an individual EU member’s perspective, transaction costs analysis rationalizes cooperation failure, with for instance salient sovereignty or negotiation costs outweighing cooperation gains, or due to high enforcement costs where the Commission and ECJ hold limited surveillance power. Moving from unanimity to qualified majority reduces veto positions and cooperation on the level of secondary law. With the EU’s vast scope of policy fields offering lots of leeway for compensation solutions, issue linkages may generate new opportunities for mutually beneficial arrangements. Domestic politics constraints determine possible equilibria, especially when domestic political welfare (based on the public choice approach) deviates from actual welfare.
Artificial intelligence model for perigastric blood vessel recognition during laparoscopic radical gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy in locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Guanjian , Xie Yequan , Yang Bin , Tan JiaNan , Zhong Guangyu , Zhong Lin , Zhou Shengning , Han Fanghai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Radical gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy is standard surgical protocol for locally advanced gastric cancer. The surgical experience and skill in recognizing blood vessels and performing lymph node dissection differ between surgeons, which may influence intraoperative safety and postoperative oncological outcomes. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop an accurate and real-time deep learning-based perigastric blood vessel recognition model to assist intraoperative performance.

Methods
This was a retrospective study assessing videos of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy. The model was developed based on DeepLabv3+. Static performance was evaluated using precision, recall, intersection over union, and F1 score. Dynamic performance was verified using 15 intraoperative videos.

Results
The study involved 2460 images captured from 116 videos. Mean(s.d.) precision, recall, intersection over union, and F1 score for the artery were 0.9442(0.0059), 0.9099(0.0163), 0.8635(0.0146), and 0.9267(0.0084) respectively. Mean(s.d.) precision, recall, intersection over union, and F1 score for the vein were 0.9349(0.0064), 0.8491(0.0259), 0.8015(0.0206), and 0.8897(0.0127) respectively. The model also performed well in recognizing perigastric blood vessels in 15 dynamic test videos. Intersection over union and F1 score in difficult image conditions, such as bleeding or massive surgical smoke in the field of view, were reduced, while images from obese patients resulted in satisfactory vessel recognition.

Conclusion
The model recognized the perigastric blood vessels with satisfactory predictive value in the test set and performed well in the dynamic videos. It therefore shows promise with regard to increasing safety and decreasing accidental bleeding during laparoscopic gastrectomy.
Low β predicts motor output and cell degeneration in the A53T Parkinson's disease rat model
Authors: Hofman Katarina , Chen Jia Zhi , Sil Tanmoy , Pellegrini Franziska , Haufe Stefan , Pozzi Nicolo , Palmisano Chiara , Isaias Ioannis , Koprich James B , Brotchie Jonathan M , Kühn Andrea A , Matthies Cordula , Reich Martin M , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Volkmann Jens , Ip Chi Wang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Elevated beta (β; 13-30 Hz) synchronization within the subthalamic nucleus (STN) characterizes bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease (PD). β oscillations may serve as biomarkers for off-period motor symptoms and control signals for adaptive, closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) in PD. However, their relation to striatal dopaminergic denervation and PD progression remains uncertain. Research on β oscillations is limited to advanced PD stages undergoing DBS, prohibiting insights into early-stage progression and compensatory mechanisms. We therefore investigated β dynamics, correlation with motor performance, and nigrostriatal neurodegeneration in a progressive PD rat model overexpressing AAV1/2-A53T α-synuclein, mimicking PD pathology.
Over eight weeks, we longitudinally conducted behavioral assessments using the cylinder test and recorded local field potentials (LFP) from the STN and motor cortex (MCx) in the AAV-A53T-αSyn PD rat model.
Increased β power and burst parameters accompanied early motor deficits in the AAV-A53T-αSyn PD rat model. Changes were observed in the STN and MCx versus empty vector controls; alterations intensified with pathology progression. Increased high β power and burst parameters (e.g. long burst probability in the STN but not MCx) were associated with motor impairment and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Multivariate analyses from these rat-derived data demonstrated that combined β parameters in the cortico-subthalamic pathway and striatal dopaminergic fiber density predicted motor performance and neurodegeneration. Additional multivariate analyses confirmed the translational relevance of the A53T PD model, linking β activity and dopamine uptake to motor impairment (UPDRS III Med-OFF) in human PD patients. Our data support the pathophysiological significance of β oscillations as a progression marker of PD for motor symptoms and neurodegeneration. Our predictive models carry translational relevance, with the prospect of monitoring disease progression and neuroprotective outcomes in PD based on LFP recordings.