bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between sleep disorders, HIV status and cardiovascular risk: cross-sectional study of long-haul truck drivers from Southern Africa
Authors: Roche Johanna , Vos Alinda G , Lalla-Edward Samanta T , Venter W D Francois , Scheuermaier Karine 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesLong-haul truck drivers (TDs) may have lifestyles that promote cardiovascular disease (CVD), including diet, sleep and activity issues. Most studies conducted among truckers investigated the relationship between poor sleep and cardiometabolic health, but none assessed whether suspected obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and shortened sleep were associated with markers of cardiometabolic risk. We determined whether sleep disorders and circadian misalignment were associated with chronic inflammation and CVD risk in TDs from Southern Africa.MethodsParticipants were recruited at roadside wellness centres in Gauteng and Free State Provinces, South Africa. OSA risk was assessed using the Berlin Questionnaire, while sleep duration and sleep quality were assessed using items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Clinical information, neck circumference (NC), metabolic profile, elevated BP, HIV status and C-reactive protein (CRP) were collected. CVD risk was assessed using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS).ResultsOut of 575 participants aged on average 37.7 years, 17.2% were at OSA risk, 72.0% had elevated BP, 9.4% had HIV and 28.0% were obese. Mean sleep duration was 7.4±1.8 hours, and 49.6% reported working night shift at least once a week. Shortened sleep, OSA risk, age, body mass index, NC and years as full-time TD were associated with greater FRS independently of HIV status and night shift. Working night shift was associated with higher CRP levels in HIV+ compared with HIV− participants.ConclusionsCircadian misalignment in HIV, and OSA and short sleep duration in all truckers were associated with increased CVD risk. Truckers should be given careful attention in terms of health management and sleep education.
Economic value of insertable cardiac monitors in unexplained syncope in the United States
Authors: Sutton Brad S , Bermingham Sarah L , Diamantopoulos Alexander , Rosemas Sarah C , Tsintzos Stelios I , Xia Ying , Reynolds Matthew R 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionEarly use of insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) is recommended for patients with unexplained syncope following initial clinical workup, due to its superior ability to establish symptom-rhythm correlation compared with conventional testing (CONV). However, ICMs incur higher upfront costs, and the impact of additional diagnoses and resulting treatment on downstream costs and outcomes is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of ICM compared with CONV for the diagnosis of arrhythmia in patients with unexplained syncope, from a US payer perspective.MethodsA Markov model was developed to estimate lifetime costs and benefits of arrhythmia diagnosis with ICM versus CONV, considering all related diagnostic and arrhythmia-related treatment costs and consequences. Cohort characteristics and costs were informed by original claims database analyses. Risks of mortality, syncopal recurrence, injury due to syncope and quality of life consequences from syncopal events were identified from the literature.ResultsICM was less costly and more effective than CONV. Most of the observed US$4532 cost savings were attributed to reduced downstream diagnostic testing. For every 1000 patients, ICM was projected to yield an additional 253 arrhythmia diagnoses and lead to treatment in an additional 168 patients. The ICM strategy resulted in overall improved outcomes (0.30 quality-adjusted life years gained), due to a reduction in syncope recurrence and injury resulting from arrhythmia treatment. The results were robust to changes in the base case parameters but sensitive to the model time horizon, underlying probability of syncope recurrence and prevalence of arrhythmias.ConclusionsOur model projected that early ICM for the diagnosis of unexplained syncope reduced long-term costs, and led to an improvement in overall clinical outcomes by shortening time to arrhythmia treatment. The cost of ICM was outweighed by savings arising from fewer downstream diagnostic episodes, and the increased cost of treatment was counterbalanced by fewer syncope-related event costs.
Evidence of Odderon-exchange from scaling properties of elastic scattering at TeV energies
Authors: Csörgő T. , Novák T. , Pasechnik R. , Ster A. , Szanyi I. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study the scaling properties of the differential cross section of elastic proton–proton (pp) and proton–antiproton ($$p\bar{p}$$pp¯) collisions at high energies. We introduce a new scaling function, that scales – within the experimental errors – all the ISR data on elasticppscattering from$$\sqrt{s} = 23.5$$s=23.5–62.5 GeV to the same universal curve. We explore the scaling properties of the differential cross-sections of the elasticppand$$p\bar{p}$$pp¯collisions in a limited TeV energy range. Rescaling the TOTEMppdata from$$\sqrt{s} = 7$$s=7 TeV to 2.76 and 1.96 TeV, and comparing it to D0$$p\bar{p}$$pp¯data at 1.96 TeV, our results provide an evidence for at-channel Odderon exchange at TeV energies, with a significance of at least 6.26$$\sigma $$σ. We complete this work with a model-dependent evaluation of the domain of validity of the new scaling and its violations. We find that theH(x) scaling is valid, model dependently, within$$200~\hbox {GeV}\le \sqrt{s} \le 8$$200GeV≤s≤8 TeV, with a$$-t$$-trange gradually narrowing with decreasing colliding energies.
Galactic rotation curve and dark matter according to gravitomagnetism
Authors: Ludwig G. O. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHistorically, the existence of dark matter has been postulated to resolve discrepancies between astrophysical observations and accepted theories of gravity. In particular, the measured rotation curve of galaxies provided much experimental support to the dark matter concept. However, most theories used to explain the rotation curve have been restricted to the Newtonian potential framework, disregarding the general relativistic corrections associated with mass currents. In this paper it is shown that the gravitomagnetic field produced by the currents modifies the galactic rotation curve, notably at large distances. The coupling between the Newtonian potential and the gravitomagnetic flux function results in a nonlinear differential equation that relates the rotation velocity to the mass density. The solution of this equation reproduces the galactic rotation curve without recourse to obscure dark matter components, as exemplified by three characteristic cases. A bi-dimensional model is developed that allows to estimate the total mass, the central mass density, and the overall shape of the galaxies, while fitting the measured luminosity and rotation curves. The effects attributed to dark matter can be simply explained by the gravitomagnetic field produced by the mass currents.
A tale of three diagonalizations
Authors: Haber Howard E. 
Published: February 2021

In addition to the diagonalization of a normal matrix by a unitary similarity transformation, there are two other types of diagonalization procedures that sometimes arise in quantum theory applications — the singular value decomposition and the Autonne–Takagi factorization. In this pedagogical review, each of these diagonalization procedures is performed for the most general [Formula: see text] matrices for which the corresponding diagonalization is possible, and explicit analytical results are provided in each of the three cases.
A low-cost IoT-based auscultation training device
Authors: Andrianto Heri Andrianto , Perdana Sutanto Daniel , Adhy Prasetyo Yunus 
Published: February 2021

<span>Auscultation training devices are needed by teachers and students in health schools to practice auscultation techniques. In this paper, a low-cost IoT-based auscultation training device has been developed using NodeMCU, four proximity sensors, metal as a stethoscope, a switch, an android smartphone, an earphone, and a phantom doll. The message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol has been used for data communication between NodeMCU and smartphones, therefore an auscultation training hardware can be used by many students who have auscultation training application on their smartphones that subscribe to topics. The results showed that an auscultation training device was able to detect a stethoscope. Auscultation training application on a smartphone successfully plays normal and abnormal breathing sounds based on subscribed topics. With a production cost of less than 15 USD, we offer an inexpensive IoT-based auscultation training device. </span>
Ultrasound image segmentation through deep learning based improvised U-Net
Authors: R. Shenoy Nayana , Jatti Anand 
Published: February 2021

<p><span id="docs-internal-guid-cea63826-7fff-8080-83de-ad2ba4604953"><span>Thyroid nodule are fluid or solid lump that are formed within human’s gland and most thyroid nodule doesn’t show any symptom or any sign; moreover there are certain percentage of thyroid gland are cancerous and which could lead human into critical situation up to death. Hence, it is one of the important type of cancer and also it is important for detection of cancer. Ultrasound imaging is widely popular and frequently used tool for diagnosing thyroid cancer, however considering the wide application in clinical area such estimating size, shape and position of thyroid cancer. Further, it is important to design automatic and absolute segmentation for better detection and efficient diagnosis based on US-image. Segmentation of thyroid gland from the ultrasound image is quiet challenging task due to inhomogeneous structure and similar existence of intestine. Thyroid nodule can appear anywhere and have any kind of contrast, shape and size, hence segmentation process needs to designed carefully; several researcher have worked in designing the segmentation mechanism, however most of them were either semi-automatic or lack with performance metric, however it was suggested that U-Net possesses great accuracy. Hence, in this paper, we proposed improvised U-Net which focuses on shortcoming of U-Net, the main aim of this research work is to find the probable Region of interest and segment further. Furthermore, we develop High level and low-level feature map to avoid the low-resolution problem and information; later we develop dropout layer for further optimization. Moreover proposed model is evaluated considering the important metrics such as accuracy, Dice Coefficient, AUC, F1-measure and true positive; our proposed model performs better than the existing model. </span></span></p>
Macrocrustaceans associated with reefs of Phragmatopoma caudata Krøyer in Mörch, 1863 (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) and rocky shore in the Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Lane-Medeiros Laiane , Puppin-Gonçalves Carolina Teixeira , Rocha Matheus Arthur Lúcio da , Alencar Carlos Eduardo Rocha Duarte , Freire Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais 
Published: February 2021

Ecosystem engineering species create, modify, and/or maintain the characteristics of the environment. The polychaete Phragmatopoma caudata builds large sand reefs in the intertidal region of the Brazilian coast with high structural complexity, favoring the increase of diversity and interactions among the species associated. However, there are no studies concerning the association of polychaetes with crustacean macrofauna in the northeastern Brazil ecoregion, leaving an information gap on baseline biodiversity. Our aim was to analyze the effect of P. caudata colonies (PC) on the local diversity of macrocrustaceans compared to the rocky shore (RS) microhabitat. Monthly collections were carried out in low tide from September 2015 to August 2016 on 10 × 10 m quadrants for fauna and environmental variables (temperature and salinity) samples. In each microhabitat, the capture effort was two hours by two researchers. We collected 3,390 individuals, 60% associated with the colonies of PC and 40% with the RS. The PC obtained higher Shannon diversity, Pielou evenness and species richness coupled with milder water temperature and salinity conditions (minor air exposure during tide), compared to the RS that obtained greater species dominance and more extreme abiotic conditions (major air exposure). The Porcellanidae family stood out because all its species were highly abundant and had high occurrence in the colonies. The tropical Brazil porcelain crab Pachycheles greeleyi was dominant in both microhabitats (major dominance in PC). The structural complexity in the reefs of PC promoted higher availability of niches for the species, as more shelter for the resident species and refugium for temporary species with preference for more complex microhabitats. Conservation managers should prioritize the health of these colonies and subsequent species that constitute important ecosystemic and fishery resources.
New species of Loneura Navás, 1927 (Insecta: Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’: Ptiloneuridae) from Peru
Authors: González-Obando Ranulfo , Carrejo-Gironza Nancy Soraya , García-Aldrete Alfonso Neri 
Published: February 2021

Two species of Peruvian Loneura Navás, L. amakii sp. nov., and L. kosnipatensis sp. nov., are here described and illustrated; they belong in infrageneric group II of González Obando et al. (2020). The number of species of Peruvian Loneura is raised to four. The number of species of Loneura is raised to 38.
Sexual Assault and Carotid Plaque Among Midlife Women
Authors: Thurston Rebecca C. , Jakubowski Karen , Chang Yuefang , Koenen Karestan , Maki Pauline M. , Barinas Mitchell Emma 
Published: February 2021

Background
Sexual assault is a risk factor for poor mental health, yet its relationship to cardiovascular disease risk is not understood. We tested whether women with a sexual assault history had greater carotid atherosclerosis levels and progression over midlife.

Methods and Results

A total of 169 non‐smoking, cardiovascular disease‐free women aged 40 to 60 years were assessed twice over 5 years. At each point, women completed questionnaires, physical measures, phlebotomy, and carotid ultrasounds. Associations between sexual assault and carotid plaque level (score 0, 1, ≥2) and progression (score change) were assessed in multinomial logistic and linear regression models, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, blood pressure, lipids, insulin resistance, and additionally depression/post‐traumatic stress symptoms; 28% of the women reported a sexual assault history. Relative to non‐exposed women, women with a sexual assault history had an over 4‐fold odds of a plaque score of ≥2 at baseline (≥2, odds ratio [OR] [95% CI]=4.35 [1.48–12.79],
P
=0.008; 1, OR [95% CI]=0.49 [0.12–1.97],
P
=0.32, versus no plaque; multivariable); and an over 3‐fold odds of plaque ≥2 at follow‐up (≥2, OR [95% CI]=3.65 [1.40–9.51],
P
=0.008; 1, OR [95% CI]=1.52 [0.46–4.99],
P
=0.49, versus no plaque; multivariable). Women with a sexual assault history also had an over 3‐folds greater odds of a plaque score progression of ≥2 (OR [95% CI]=3.48[1.11–10.93],
P
=0.033, multivariable). Neither depression nor post‐traumatic symptoms were related to plaque.

Conclusions
Sexual assault is associated with greater carotid atherosclerosis level and progression over midlife. Associations were not explained by standard cardiovascular disease risk factors. Future work should consider whether sexual assault prevention reduces women's cardiovascular disease risk.
Maternal Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, and Mortality Within 1, 3, and 5 Years of Delivery Among Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Pre‐Pregnancy Hypertension
Authors: Malek Angela M. , Wilson Dulaney A. , Turan Tanya N. , Mateus Julio , Lackland Daniel T. , Hunt Kelly J. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Pre‐pregnancy hypertension and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP; preeclampsia, eclampsia, gestational hypertension) are major health risks for maternal morbidity and mortality. However, it is unknown if racial/ethnic differences exist. We aimed to determine the impact of HDP and pre‐pregnancy hypertension on maternal coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality risk ≤1, 3, and 5 years post‐delivery and by race/ethnicity ≤5 years.

Methods and Results

This retrospective cohort study included women aged 12 to 49 years with a live, singleton birth between 2004 to 2016 (n=254 491 non‐Hispanic White; n=137 784 non‐Hispanic Black; n=41 155 Hispanic). Birth and death certificates and
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification
(
ICD‐9‐CM
and
ICD‐10‐CM
) diagnosis codes in hospitalization/emergency department visit data defined HDP, pre‐pregnancy hypertension, incident coronary heart disease and stroke, and all‐cause mortality. During at least 1 pregnancy of the 433 430 women, 2.3% had pre‐pregnancy hypertension with superimposed HDP, 15.7% had no pre‐pregnancy hypertension with HDP, and 0.4% had pre‐pregnancy hypertension without superimposed HDP, whereas 81.6% had neither condition. Maternal deaths from coronary heart disease, stroke, and all causes totaled 2136. Within 5 years of delivery, pre‐pregnancy hypertension, and HDP were associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.21; 95% CI, 1.61–3.03), incident coronary heart disease (HR, 3.79; 95% CI, 3.09–4.65), and incident stroke (HR, 3.10; 95% CI, 2.09–4.60). HDP alone was related to all outcomes. Race/ethnic differences were observed for non‐Hispanic Black and non‐Hispanic White women, respectively, in the associations of pre‐pregnancy hypertension and HDP with all‐cause mortality within 5 years of delivery (HR, 2.34 [95% CI, 1.58–3.47]; HR, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.23–3.65];
P
interaction=0.001).

Conclusions
Maternal cardiovascular outcomes including mortality were increased ≤5 years post‐delivery in HDP, pre‐pregnancy hypertension, or pre‐pregnancy hypertension with superimposed HDP. The race/ethnic interaction for all‐cause mortality ≤5 years of delivery warrants further research.
Jameson with Lacan
Authors: Burnham Clint 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
What does it mean to bring Marxism and psychoanalysis together at this conjuncture? Such a project has been a throughline, arguably, for Fredric Jameson’s work for the past four decades. In this review-article, I read his chapter on Lacan and Hamlet for how it helps us to understand, not only how Jameson’s ruminations on desire and neurosis highlight the social tendencies in Lacanian theory (for example, the notion that desire is the desire of the other), but also how that relationship throws new light on both the Marxist project and psychoanalysis proper.
Conceptualising Consistency: Coherence, Principles, and the Practice of Human Protection
Authors: Crossley Noele 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
‘Consistency’ has a range of meanings in the context of human protection practice. This article conceptualises consistency – a basic premise for the legitimacy of norms, both procedurally as well as substantively. First, ‘consistency’ can refer to the coherence of the human protection framework. Second, consistency can refer to the degree to which protection responses adhere to international law and conform with international norms. Third, ‘consistency’ can mean the absence of variability and unevenness in the application of norms. I argue that consistency understood as coherence facilitates protection responses in line with international law, and, second, that a coherent protection framework encourages the even and invariable application of norms of protection by assigning responsibilities to individual protection agents. However, the international human protection regime remains incoherent: it is ambiguous and it is insufficiently integrated with other regimes and across institutions.
The Discourse on the Eighth and the Ninth (NHC VI,6), the Prayer of Thanksgiving (NHC VI,7), and the Asclepius (NHC VI,8): Hermetic Texts in Nag Hammadi and Their Bipartite View of Man
Authors: Roig Lanzillotta Lautaro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In an article from 2017, I introduced the study of the anthropological framework of Nag Hammadi texts and established the existence in this corpus of two anthropological patterns, the bipartite and tripartite. The present study continues the analysis by means of an exhaustive investigation of the evidence provided by the three Hermetic treatises included in Nag Hammadi Codex VI, namely, the Discourse on the Eighth and the Ninth, the Prayer of Thanksgiving, and the fragment of Asclepius. It concludes that, far from presenting a tripartite anthropological framework, “die für die Gnosis typische trichotomische Anthropologie,” in the words of Karl-Wolfgang Tröger, these three Hermetic treatises only include a bipartite of view of the human being.
Modeling Water-Mass Distributions in the Modern and LGM Ocean: Circulation Change and Isopycnal and Diapycnal Mixing
Authors: Jones C. S. , Abernathey Ryan P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPaleoproxy observations suggest that deep-ocean water-mass distributions were different at the Last Glacial Maximum than they are today. However, even modern deep-ocean water-mass distributions are not completely explained by observations of the modern ocean circulation. This paper investigates two processes that influence deep-ocean water-mass distributions: 1) interior downwelling caused by vertical mixing that increases in the downward direction and 2) isopycnal mixing. Passive tracers are used to assess how changes in the circulation and in the isopycnal-mixing coefficient impact deep-ocean water-mass distributions in an idealized two-basin model. We compare two circulations, one in which the upper cell of the overturning reaches to 4000-m depth and one in which it shoals to 2500-m depth. Previous work suggests that in the latter case the upper cell and the abyssal cell of the overturning are separate structures. Nonetheless, high concentrations of North Atlantic Water (NAW) are found in our model’s abyssal cell: these tracers are advected into the abyssal cell by interior downwelling caused by our vertical mixing profile, which increases in the downward direction. Further experiments suggest that the NAW concentration in the deep South Atlantic Ocean and in the deep Pacific Ocean is influenced by the isopycnal-mixing coefficient in the top 2000 m of the Southern Ocean. Both the strength and the vertical profile of isopycnal mixing are important for setting deep-ocean tracer concentrations. A 1D advection–diffusion model elucidates how NAW concentration depends on advective and diffusive processes.