bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium Maculopathy Originally Diagnosed as Pattern Macular Dystrophy
Authors: Case Aaron W. , Anderson Matthew J. , Sayomac Lovelee E. 
Published: May 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) maculopathy is a clinical entity characterized by a pigmentary maculopathy in the setting of chronic exposure to PPS. Pentosan polysulfate sodium is indicated for discomfort related to interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Given a reported interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome prevalence up to 2%, recognition is critical to mitigate visual sequelae.

PURPOSE
We present an observational case report demonstrating typical findings of PPS maculopathy in a patient originally diagnosed with a pattern macular dystrophy. We demonstrate the importance of medical history, medication profile review, and multimodal imaging in the diagnosis and management. The patient provided written informed consent for medical information and images to be published.

CASE REPORT
A 55-year-old White woman presented with a painless, bilateral loss of vision and bilateral pigmentary maculopathy that was initially diagnosed as pattern macular dystrophy. Detailed review of medical history, medication profile, and subsequent studies, including optical coherence tomography, near-infrared reflectance imaging, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, and genetic studies, ultimately led to the diagnosis of PPS maculopathy. Pentosan polysulfate sodium was discontinued, and ongoing surveillance with multimodal imaging was encouraged.

CONCLUSIONS
Because toxic maculopathies are an uncommon diagnosis, screening and recognition of PPS maculopathy are critical in the primary eye care setting. Discontinuation of the insulting agent may be necessary to prevent potentially severe and irreversible vision loss in the at-risk population.
Modeling transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings
Authors: Stachel Anna , Keegan Lindsay T. , Blumberg Seth 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
Mathematical, statistical, and computational models provide insight into the transmission mechanisms and optimal control of healthcare-associated infections. To contextualize recent findings, we offer a summative review of recent literature focused on modeling transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings.

Recent findings
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic shift in the modeling landscape as the healthcare community has raced to characterize the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and develop effective interventions. Inequities in COVID-19 outcomes have inspired new efforts to quantify how structural bias impacts both health outcomes and model parameterization. Meanwhile, developments in the modeling of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridioides difficile, and other nosocomial infections continue to advance. Machine learning continues to be applied in novel ways, and genomic data is being increasingly incorporated into modeling efforts.

Summary
As the type and amount of data continues to grow, mathematical, statistical, and computational modeling will play an increasing role in healthcare epidemiology. Gaps remain in producing models that are generalizable to a variety of time periods, geographic locations, and populations. However, with effective communication of findings and interdisciplinary collaboration, opportunities for implementing models for clinical decision-making and public health decision-making are bound to increase.
Chemical structure elucidation of the carotenoids in the extremely radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans R1
Authors: Zhang Xiao-ling , Yang Qiao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe main carotenoid in the extremely radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans is deinoxanthin. In this paper, based on UV-Vis, MS/MS spectra as well as the chemical properties, the other main two carotenoids in this bacterium were identified as ((all-E)-1’-hydroxy-3’,4’-didehydro-1’,2’-dihydro-β,Ψ-carotene- 4-one-1), and ((all-E)-1’-hydroxy-3’,4’-didehydro-1’,2’,2,3-quahydro-β,Ψ-carotene- 4-one-1), respectively. The fully structure elucidation for the carotenoids should help to gain a better understanding of the radiation-resistant mechanisms in this remarkable bacterium.
Establishment, verification and application of rapid detection of baculovirus infectious titer by flow cytometry
Authors: Qingsheng Wu , Yuanyuan Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTiter detection of baculovirus usually is time-consuming.It is important to establish a rapid detection method for baculovirus titer. In this report, Staining of cells with a fluorescently labeled anti-gp64 antibody allows for identification of infected insect cells. By inoculating cultures with a series of log dilutions of virus, and staining of the cultures 13-22 hours post inoculation, the ratio of infected to un-infected insect cells can be determined by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis of the percentage of infected cells in the virus dilution series enables accurate infectious titer determination. The culture time, cell growth state, the concentration of GP64-APC antibody and the concentration of inactivated FBS in diluent were optimized.The generality, repeatability and intermediate precision of the method were verified. The FCM method has the advantages of simplicity, accuracy, low cost and good repeatability.
Design thinking in hospitality education and research
Authors: Bhushan Sudhanshu 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to outline why design thinking is an engaging process and provide a methodical framework to approach complex, multi-disciplinary problems in ways that consistently yield solutions that are successful and often creative in unpredictable ways. It is a framework for thinking about complex, multidisciplinary problems and the one that applies to just about anything.

Design/methodology/approach
Service design is all about taking a service and making it meet the user and customer needs for that service. It can be used to improve an existing service or to create a new service from scratch. To adapt to service design, the designer will need to understand the basic principles of service design thinking and be able to focus on it.

Findings
This paper explores the possibilities for applying design thinking in the hospitality industry in general and hospitality education and research in particular. The functional areas of the hospitality profession are explored, evaluated and then integrated as a holistic design to provide coherence, connectivity and linkages.

Originality/value
The paper illustrates an application of design thinking to hospitality research and education.
Team incentives under private contracting
Authors: Goldmanis Maris , Ray Korok 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe model a moral hazard in teams problem in which a profit‐maximizing principal offers private contracts to multiple agents. Public contracts are common knowledge to all agents, but private contracts are known only by the principal and each individual agent. Public contracts can induce efficient outcomes but are subject to effort‐reducing collusion between the principal and any given agent. Private contracts, by construction, are immune to such collusion but necessarily inefficient, as the principal is forced to make the team collectively the residual claimant (on margin), whereas efficiency requires that each individual agent be the residual claimant on his own.
Recurrent eosinophilic granuloma involving maxilla and mandible in an adult male: an unusual case report
Authors: Xie X , Wang J , Ding Y 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLangerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease spectrum characterized by the intense infiltration/accumulation of Langerhans' cells in the affected tissues. Eosinophilic granuloma is the mildest form of LCH which mainly affects the skull, mandible, ribs and femur in children and young adults but rarely occurs in the maxilla. Here, we describe an unusual case of eosinophilic granuloma affecting the tissues adjacent to tooth #25 and tooth #46 (FDI numbering system) in a 35‐year‐old male. Although lesions underwent clinical remission after local radiotherapy, a new lesion appeared 11 months after initial therapy in tooth #18, indicating recurrence of eosinophilic granuloma. Subsequently, the patient was treated with corticosteroid therapy, achieved remission and is disease free after 3 years of follow‐up.
Changes in rate of preterm birth and adverse pregnancy outcomes attributed to preeclampsia after introduction of a refined definition of preeclampsia: A population‐based study
Authors: Shinar Shiri , Melamed Nir , Abdulaziz Kasim E. , Ray Joel G. , Riddell Catherine , Barrett Jon , Murray‐Davis Beth , Mawjee Karizma , McDonald Sarah D. , Geary Michael , Berger Howard ,   for DOH‐NET (Diabetes, Obesity, Hypertension in Pregnancy Research Network), SOON (Southern Ontario Obstetrical Network) Investigators
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionSince 2013, various guidelines for hypertension in pregnancy have been refined, no longer requiring proteinuria as a requisite criterion for preeclampsia. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the new definition on preterm birth (PTB) and adverse pregnancy outcomes.Material and methodsWomen delivering in Ontario between April 2012 and November 2016 were included. Delivery <24+0/7 weeks, major fetal anomalies or preexisting renal disease were excluded. The primary outcome was livebirth <37, <34 or <32 weeks. Rates, adjusted rate ratios (aRR) and ratio of the rate ratio (RRR) were used to compare outcomes in the 2 years after the new Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) guideline (December 2014–November 2016; period 2) vs the 2 years before (April 2012–March 2014; period 1), among women with and without preeclampsia.ResultsIn all, 268 543 and 267 964 births in periods 1 & 2, respectively, were included. Respective preeclampsia rates increased significantly from 3.9% to 4.4% (p < 0.001), with no change in maternal morbidity rates. In preeclamptic women, respective rates of PTB <37 weeks were 21.0% and 20.7% (aRR 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.02), with significant aRR for PTB <34 (0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.96) and <32 weeks (0.79, 95% CI 0.67–0.94). A similar aRR was observed in women without preeclampsia. In preeclamptic women, composite severe neonatal morbidity decreased after guideline change (aRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99), a finding not observed in women without preeclampsia (RRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99).ConclusionsThe new definition of preeclampsia was associated with increased disease rates, a modest reduction in adverse neonatal outcomes and no change in maternal outcomes.
Becoming an artist and sharing my story
Authors: Scott Lisa , Watfern Chloe 
Published: May 2021

Accessible Summary

Lisa Scott became an artist after she joined a supported studio in Sydney, Australia.

The studio is like her second family, and the staff have always told her ‘you can do this’.

Lisa is proud that she is an artist and likes being able to share her work.

Lisa made an artwork about her life story and some big changes she has experienced.

AbstractBackgroundOver 10 years ago, Lisa Scott first began making art at a studio in Sydney that supports people with intellectual disability to realise their creative ambitions. In this article, we consider what it has meant for Lisa to become an artist and, in the process, share the story of other big changes in her life.MethodsDuring audio‐recorded conversations, we discussed Lisa’s life story and the role of her creative practice within it. We worked together to write about some of the things we discussed.FindingsBecoming an artist has been an important transition for Lisa. With the support of staff at the studio, she has realised what she is capable of, and so have other people—from her family to complete strangers—who all value her work. Through her art, Lisa has been able to find personal relief and reflect on big changes in her life, including the loss of her mum. In a dress hand‐stitched with words from her journals, she has explored another way of sharing her story.ConclusionsArt at its best forges connections between people. Lisa’s art and life are evidence of this.
Fostering local involvement for biodiversity conservation in tropical regions: Lessons from Madagascar during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Razanatsoa Estelle , Andriantsaralaza Seheno , Holmes Sheila M. , Rakotonarivo O. Sarobidy , Ratsifandrihamanana Anitry N. , Randriamiharisoa Lalatiana , Ravaloharimanitra Maholy , Ramahefamanana Narindra , Tahirinirainy Dinasoa , Raharimampionona Jeannie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTropical ecosystems host a large proportion of global biodiversity and directly support the livelihoods of many of the world's poorest, and often marginalized, people through ecosystem goods and services and conservation employment. The coronavirus pandemic has challenged existing conservation structures and management but provides an opportunity to re‐examine strategies and research approaches across the tropics to build resilience for future crises. Based on the personal experiences of conservation leaders, managers, and researchers from Madagascar during this period, we discuss the coping strategies of multiple biodiversity conservation organizations during the coronavirus pandemic. We highlight the vital role of local communities in building and maintaining resilient conservation practices that are robust to global disruptions such as the COVID‐19 crisis. We argue that the integration of local experts and communities in conservation, research, and financial decision‐making is essential to a strong foundation for biodiversity conservation in developing countries to stand up to future environmental, political, and health crises. This integration could be achieved through the support of training and capacity building of local researchers and community members and these actions would also enhance the development of strong, equitable long‐term collaborations with international communities. Equipped with such capacity, conservationists and researchers from these regions could establish long‐term biodiversity conservation strategies that are adapted to local context, and communities could flexibly balance biodiversity and livelihood needs as circumstances change, including weathering the isolation and financial challenges of local or global crises.
Microarchitectural parameters and bone mineral density in patients with tumour‐induced osteomalacia by HR‐pQCT and DXA
Authors: Mendes Danielle A. B. , Coelho Maria C. A. , Gehrke Bárbara , de Pinho Leandro K. J. , Cardoso Lima Luis F. , Paranhos‐Neto Francisco , de Mendonça Laura M. C. , Farias M. L. Fleiuss , Madeira Miguel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionTumour‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic condition characterised by decreased tubular phosphate reabsorption. The purpose of this study is to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitecture in six TIO patients, compared with 18 healthy controls.MethodsVolumetric BMD and microarchitecture were evaluated by high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR‐pQCT), and areal BMD by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Differences between groups were significant for p < .05.ResultsAll TIO subjects were healthy until the development of diffuse bone pain and multiple skeletal fractures and deformities. At baseline, sPi and TmPi/GFR were low and patients were on vitamin D and phosphate replacement at the study. Compared with controls, TIO patients had lower aBMD at lumbar spine and hip, and lower vBMD at trabecular, cortical and entire bone, at distal radius (R) and distal tibia (T): trabecular vBMD (R = 118.3 × 177.1; T = 72.3 × 161.3 gHA/cm3); cortical vBMD (R = 782.3 × 866.5; T = 789.1 × 900.9 gHA/cm3); total region vBMD (R = 234.5 × 317; T = 167.1 × 295.8 gHA/cm3). Bone microarchitecture was very heterogeneous among patients and significantly different from controls: lower cortical thickness (R = 0.59 × 0.80; T = 0.90 × 1.31 mm), bone volume‐to‐total volume ratio (R = 0.09 × 0.14; T = 0.06 × 0.13) and Tb.N (R = 1.46 × 2.10; T = 0.93 × 1.96 mm−1) and also higher Tb.Sp (R = 0.70 × 0.41; T = 1.28 × 0.45 mm) and Tb.1/N.SD (R = 0.42 × 0.18; T = 0.87 × 0.20 mm).ConclusionIn this original study of TIO patients, DXA and HR‐pQCT evaluation identified lower areal and volumetric BMD and severely impaired microarchitecture at cortical and trabecular bones, which probably contribute to bone fragility and fractures.
Challenges to exotic disease preparedness in Great Britain: The frontline veterinarian's perspective
Authors: Spence Kelsey L. , Rosanowski Sarah M. , Slater Josh , Cardwell Jacqueline M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundExotic diseases pose a significant risk to horse health and welfare. Several stakeholder groups, including primary care veterinarians, share responsibility for maintaining freedom from pathogens that cause exotic diseases. However, little is known about the current state of exotic disease preparedness within the British horse industry.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore equine veterinarians' experiences of, and attitudes towards, exotic disease preparedness in Great Britain.Study designThis is a qualitative interview‐based study.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with 14 primary care equine veterinarians in Great Britain. Participants were purposively selected to include perspectives across varying levels of experience, clientele and location. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were developed: (a) the reactive generalist, relating to participants' self‐concept of their role as primary care practitioners; (b) working within the bounds of influence, encompassing participants' perceived inability to influence their clients' knowledge and behaviours and (c) a fragmented horse industry, illustrating the wider culture in which participants worked, characterised by a lack of cohesion amongst its members.Main limitationsOnly veterinarians' perspectives have been captured, so viewpoints from other stakeholders, such as horse owners and government officials, should be used to triangulate these findings.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that improvements are required before an optimal level of exotic disease preparedness can be achieved. Additional support provided to frontline veterinarians, such as skills‐based training (ie, clinical reasoning and collaborative relationship building), accessible and trusted emergency support networks and clear expectations and responsibilities during an outbreak are recommended to optimise exotic disease preparedness.
The diversity of the plasmablast signature across species and experimental conditions: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Grasseau Alexis , Boudigou Marina , Michée‐Cospolite Magalie , Delaloy Céline , Mignen Olivier , Jamin Christophe , Cornec Divi , Pers Jacques‐Olivier , Le Pottier Laëtitia , Hillion Sophie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAntibody‐secreting cells (ASC) are divided into two principal subsets, including the long‐lived plasma cell (PC) subset residing in the bone marrow and the short‐lived subset, also called plasmablast (PB). PB are described as a proliferating subset circulating through the blood and ending its differentiation in tissues. Due to their inherent heterogeneity, the molecular signature of PB is not fully established. The purpose of this study was to decipher a specific PB signature in humans and mice through a comprehensive meta‐analysis of different data sets exploring the PB differentiation in both species and across different experimental conditions. The present study used recent analyses using whole RNA sequencing in prdm1‐GFP transgenic mice to define a reliable and accurate PB signature. Next, we performed similar analysis using current data sets obtained from human PB and PC. The PB‐specific signature is composed of 155 and 113 genes in mouse and human being, respectively. Although only nine genes are shared between the human and mice PB signature, the loss of B‐cell identity such as the down‐regulation of PAX5, MS4A1, (CD20) CD22 and IL‐4R is a conserved feature across species and across the different experimental conditions. Additionally, we observed that the IRF8 and IRF4 transcription factors have a specific dynamic range of expression in human PB. We thus demonstrated that IRF4/IRF8 intranuclear staining was useful to define PB in vivo and in vitro and able to discriminate between atypical PB populations and transient states.
Luck Egalitarianism and Disability Elimination
Authors: Palynchuk Matthew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLuck egalitarianism’s commitment to neutralizing brute luck inequalities is thought to imply that the elimination of disabilities is an appropriate way to eliminate the unchosen disadvantage that often accompanies disabilities. This implication is not only intuitively objectionable to some, especially those concerned with disability justice, but is subject to objections from relational egalitarians that should be taken seriously. This article defends the claim that disability elimination is not a natural implication of luck egalitarian theories of justice and that luck egalitarians can avoid the related relational egalitarian objections. I take this to be the case because luck egalitarians can consistently endorse three commitments that, together, take disability elimination off the menu of possible ways to redress the disadvantage of persons with disabilities. These three commitments are: (a) the rejection of the view that disability intrinsically makes a person worse off; (b) the endorsement of the fundamental equality of all persons; and (c) the view that luck egalitarianism advances a theory about the arrangement of social institutions.
The absence of muscle segment homeobox 2 leads to the pyroptosis of ameloblasts by inducing squamous epithelial hyperplasia in the enamel organ
Authors: Zhang Juanjuan , Xu Ying , Zhao Ying , Bai Jingkun , Xu Mengge , Li Chuanji , Li Jinyue , Ren Yong , Xu Chang , Gao Yuguang , Sun Yan , Liu Xiaoying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMuscle segment homeobox 2 (MSX2) has been confirmed to be involved in the regulation of early tooth development. However, the role of MSX2 has not been fully elucidated in enamel development. To research the functions of MSX2 in enamel formation, we used a Msx2−/− (KO) mouse model with no full Msx2 gene. In the present study, the dental appearance and enamel microstructure were detected by scanning electron microscopy and micro‐computed tomography. The results showed that the absence of Msx2 resulted in enamel defects, leading to severe tooth wear in KO mice. To further investigate the mechanism behind the phenotype, we performed detailed histological analyses of the enamel organ in KO mice. We discovered that ameloblasts without Msx2 could secrete a small amount of enamel matrix protein in the early stage. However, the enamel epithelium occurred squamous epithelial hyperplasia and partial keratinization in the enamel organ during subsequent developmental stages. Ameloblasts depolarized and underwent pyroptosis. Overall, during the development of enamel, MSX2 affects the formation of enamel by regulating the function of epithelial cells in the enamel organ.