bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wolbachia-driven selective sweep in a range expanding insect species
Authors: Deng Junchen , Assandri Giacomo , Chauhan Pallavi , Futahashi Ryo , Galimberti Andrea , Hansson Bengt , Lancaster Lesley T. , Takahashi Yuma , Svensson Erik I. , Duplouy Anne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEvolutionary processes can cause strong spatial genetic signatures, such as local loss of genetic diversity, or conflicting histories from mitochondrial versus nuclear markers. Investigating these genetic patterns is important, as they may reveal obscured processes and players. The maternally inherited bacterium Wolbachia is among the most widespread symbionts in insects. Wolbachia typically spreads within host species by conferring direct fitness benefits, or by manipulating its host reproduction to favour infected over uninfected females. Under sufficient selective advantage, the mitochondrial haplotype associated with the favoured symbiotic strains will spread (i.e. hitchhike), resulting in low mitochondrial genetic variation across the host species range. The common bluetail damselfly (Ischnura elegans: van der Linden, 1820) has recently emerged as a model organism of the genetics and genomic signatures of range expansion during climate change. Although there is accumulating data on the consequences of such expansion on the genetic of I. elegans, no study has screened for Wolbachia in the damselfly genus Ischnura. Here, we present the biogeographic variation in Wolbachia prevalence and penetrance in 17 I. elegans populations across Europe and Japan, and from close relatives in the Mediterranean area (i.e. I. genei: Rambur, 1842; and I. saharensis: Aguesse, 1958). ResultsOur data reveal (a) multiple Wolbachia-strains, (b) potential transfer of the symbiont through hybridization, (c) higher infection rates at higher latitudes, and (d) reduced mitochondrial diversity in the north-west populations, indicative of hitchhiking associated with the selective sweep of the most common strain. We found low mitochondrial haplotype diversity in the Wolbachia-infected north-western European populations (Sweden, Scotland, the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Italy) of I. elegans, and, conversely, higher mitochondrial diversity in populations with low penetrance of Wolbachia (Ukraine, Greece, Montenegro and Cyprus). The timing of the selective sweep associated with infected lineages was estimated between 20 000 to 44 000 years before present, which is consistent with the end of the last glacial period about 20 000 ya. ConclusionsOur findings provide an example of how endosymbiont infections ca shape spatial variation in their host evolutionary genetics during postglacial expansion. These results also challenge population genetic studies that do not consider the prevalence of symbionts in many insects, which can impact geographic patterns of mitochondrial genetic diversity.
Increased Colonic Expression of ACE2 Associates with Poor Prognosis in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Toyonaga Takahiko , Araba Kenza , Kennedy Meaghan , Keith Benjamin , Wolber Elisabeth , Beasley Caroline , Steinbach Erin , Schaner Matthew , Jain Animesh , Long Millie , Barnes Edward , Herfarth Hans , Isaacs Kim , Hansen Jonathan , Kapadia Muneera , Guillem Jose , Gulati Ajay , Sethupathy Praveen , Furey Terrence , Ehre Camille , Sheikh Shehzad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims: The host receptor for SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is highly expressed in small intestine. Our aim was to study colonic ACE2 expression in Crohn's disease (CD) and non-inflammatory bowel disease (non-IBD) controls. We hypothesized that the colonic expression levels of ACE2 impacts CD course. Methods: We examined the expression of colon ACE2 using RNA-seq and quantitative (q) RT-PCR from 69 adult CD and 14 NIBD control patients. In a subset of this cohort we validated ACE2 protein expression and localization in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded matched colon and ileal tissues using immunohistochemistry. The impact of increased ACE2 expression in CD for the risk of surgery was evaluated by a multivariate regression analysis and a Kaplan-Meier estimator. To provide critical support for the generality of our findings, we analyzed previously published RNA-seq data from two large independent cohorts of CD patients. Results: Colonic ACE2 expression was significantly higher in a subset of adult CD patients (ACE2-high CD). IHC in a sampling of ACE2-high CD patients confirmed high ACE2 protein expression in the colon and ileum compared to ACE2-low CD and NIBD patients. Notably, we found that ACE2-high CD patients are significantly more likely to undergo surgery within 5 years of diagnosis, with a Cox regression analysis finding that high ACE2 levels is an independent risk factor (OR 2.18; 95%CI, 1.05-4.55; p=0.037). Conclusion: Increased intestinal expression of ACE2 is associated with deteriorated clinical outcomes in CD patients. These data point to the need for molecular stratification that may impact CD disease-related outcomes.
Spatiotemporal Changes in Diffusivity and Anisotropy in Fetal Brain Tractography
Authors: Machado-Rivas Fedel , Afacan Onur , Khan Shadab , Marami Bahram , Velasco-Annis Clemente , Lidov Hart , Warfield Simon , Gholipour Ali , Jaimes Camilo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Population averaged diffusion atlases can be utilized to characterize complex microstructural changes with less bias than data from individual subjects. In this study, a fetal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) atlas was used to investigate tract-based changes in anisotropy and diffusivity in vivo from 23 to 38 weeks of gestational age (GA). Healthy pregnant volunteers with typically developing fetuses were imaged at 3 Tesla. Acquisition included structural images processed with a super-resolution algorithm and DTI images processed with a motion-tracked slice-to-volume registration algorithm. The DTI from individual subjects were used to generate 16 templates, each specific to a week of GA; this was accomplished by means of a tensor-to-tensor diffeomorphic deformable registration method integrated with kernel regression in age. Deterministic tractography was performed to outline the forceps major, forceps minor, bilateral corticospinal tracts (CST), bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), bilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and bilateral uncinate fasciculus (UF). The mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) was recorded for all tracts. For a subset of tracts (forceps major, CST and IFOF) we manually divided the tractograms into anatomy conforming segments to evaluate within-tract changes. We found tract-specific, non-linear, age related changes in FA and MD. Early in gestation, these trends appear to be dominated by cytoarchitectonic changes in the transient white matter fetal zones while later in gestation, trends conforming to the progression of myelination were observed. We also observed significant (local) heterogeneity in within-tract developmental trajectories for the CST, IFOF, and forceps major.
Identification of Small Compounds Regulating the Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles via A TIM4-Affinity ELISA
Authors: Ma Yunfei , Yoshida Takeshi , Matoba Kazutaka , Kida Katsuhiko , Shintani Rito , Piao Yingshi , Jin Jingchun , Nishino Taito , Hanayama Rikinari 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from most cells and play important roles in cell-cell communication by transporting proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. As the involvement of EVs in diseases has become apparent, druggable regulators of EV secretion are more desirable. However, the lack of a highly sensitive EV detection system has made the development of EV regulators difficult. We developed an ELISA system to detect EVs using TIM4 proteins, which have high affinity to phosphatidylserine and screened a 1,567-compound library. Consequently, we identified one inhibitor and three activators of EV secretion in a variety of cells. The inhibitor, apoptosis activator 2, suppressed EV secretion via a different mechanism and had a broader cellular specificity than GW4869. The three activators, cucurbitacin B, gossypol, and obatoclax, also had broad cellular specificity, including HEK293T cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). In vitro bioactivity assays revealed that some regulators control EV secretion from glioblastoma and hMSCs, which induces angiogenesis and protects cardiomyocytes against apoptosis, respectively. In conclusion, we developed a high-throughput method to detect EVs with high sensitivity and versatility, and identified three compounds that can regulate the bioactivity of EVs.
Simulation of Gas Transport in A Landfill With Layered New and Old Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Zhang Tao , Shi Jianyong , Wu Xun , Lin Hai , Li Xiulei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Average biodegradation rate of newly filled municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills is relatively fast, and the landfill gas produced by the new MSW biodegradation can cause great variations in gas pressure. To predict the gas pressure distribution in the MSW layer, a one-dimensional gas transport model is established in this study. The following factors are considered in this model: (1) the variation of gas permeability with depth; (2) the anisotropy ratio of gas permeability; (3) the settlement caused by waste biodegradation. Furthermore, a single peak model for gas production is applied as the source term of gas production. The equation for settlement caused by waste biodegradation is presented, and the time of peak gas production rate is obtained by fitting the settlement of the newly filled layer. The stratification of the unsaturated and saturated regions is taken into account by distinguishing the difference in gas saturation. The layering of the new and old waste layers is considered by distinguishing the difference in the length of time that waste has been degraded to produce gas. Based on the method of numerical calculation, the gas pressure distribution in the landfill with layered new and old MSW is well simulated. The position where the maximum gas pressure occurs is found. The sensitivity analysis shows that the influence of the anisotropy ratio on gas pressure distribution is more significant.
Psychosocial Factors Related to Physical Activity in Frail and Prefrail Elderly People.
Authors: Jiménez-Zazo Fabio , Navarrete-Villanueva David , Gómez-Cabello Alba , Romero-Blanco Cristina , Cabanillas Esther , Pérez-Gómez Jorge , Calonge-Pascual Sergio , Ara Ignacio , Vicente-Rodríguez Germán , Aznar Susana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Increased physical activity (PA) is a very important factor in a healthy aging lifestyle. Psychosocial factors have also a main role in the initiation and maintenance of this behavior, but nowadays its implications for frailty elderly people are unknown, therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the psychosociological variables of behavior change that influence the practice of (PA) in frail and prefrail elderly.
Methods

A total of 103 frail and pre-frail elderly people (72 females) participated in this cross-sectional study, on the framework of the EXERNET-Elder3.0 project. Age ranged from 68–94 years (mean = 80.4 ± 5.9 years). Individualized face-to-face interviews according to the constructs of the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) [(decisional balance (DB) and self-efficacy (SE)], social support (SS) (family and friends) and outcome expectations (OE) were administered to all participants.
Results

Significant differences were found in DB, perceived benefits (PBn), SE, family-related SS and OE as a function of stages of change (SoC) (p < 0.005), but no significant were found in perceived barriers (PBrr) (p = 0.259) and friends-related SS (p = 0.068). According to the Scheffé post-hoc test, those in advanced SoC (Action-Maintenance), scored higher than those in lower SoC (Precontemplation-Contemplation and Preparation).
Conclusion

The scores obtained from the study variables differed according to the SoC, supporting the external validity for the use of the TTM in frailty elderly. Further research is needed to determine the impact of PBrr and friends-related SS on this people, as well as to identify the validity of this model in the long-term in this population.
An Analysis of Pre-Season Risk Factors for Low Back Injury in High-School Baseball Pitchers: A Prospective Study
Authors: Nakase Kurumi , Shitara Hitoshi , Tajika Tsuyoshi , Kuboi Takuro , Ichinose Tsuyoshi , Sasaki Tsuyoshi , Hamano Noritaka , Endo Fumitaka , Kamiyama Masataka , Miyamoto Ryosuke , Yamamoto Atsushi , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Takagishi Kenji , Chikuda Hirotaka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A pitching motion requires whole-body coordination; therefore, poor control of the lower extremities, pelvis and trunk may cause shoulder and elbow injuries. However, few studies have described the relationship between the shoulder joint function and low back injury in high-school baseball pitchers. In this study, 97 high-school baseball pitchers who underwent pre-season medical checkups were enrolled and their shoulder range of motion and strength were measured. The participants completed a self-recorded questionnaire regarding the presence of low back pain and were divided into injured and non-injured groups. The statistical analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors for low back injury. Low back injury was observed in 13 participants (13.4%). In the injured group, horizontal adduction on the dominant shoulder was significantly less frequent than in the non-injured group. A logistic regression analysis showed that horizontal adduction on the dominant side was a significant independent risk factor for low back injury during the season. It is important to recognize that restriction of the shoulder function not only causes shoulder and elbow injuries but can also risk low back injury.
Shifting Palliative Care Paradigm in Primary Care From Better Death to Better End-of-Life : A Swiss Pilot Study
Authors: Sommer Johanna , Chung Christopher , Haller Dagmar M. , Pautex Sophie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients suffering from advanced cancer often loose contact with their primary care physician (PCP) during oncologic treatment and palliative care is introduced very late.The aim of this pilot study was to test the feasibility and procedures for a randomized trial of an intervention to teach PCPs a palliative care approach and communication skills to improve advanced cancer patients’ quality of life. Methods: Observational pilot study in 5 steps. 1) Recruitment of PCPs. 2) Intervention: training on palliative care competencies and communication skills addressing end-of-life issues.3) Recruitment of advanced cancer patients by PCPs. 4) Patients follow-up by PCPs, and assessment of their quality of life by a research assistant 5) Feedback from PCPs using a semi-structured focus group and three individual interviews with qualitative deductive theme analysis.Results: 8 PCPs were trained. PCPs failed to recruit patients for fear of imposing additional loads on their patients. PCPs changed their approach of advanced cancer patients. They became more conscious of their role and responsibility during oncologic treatments and felt empowered to take a more active role picking up patient’s cues and addressing advance directives. They developed interprofessional collaborations for advance care planning. Overall, they discovered the role to help patients to make decisions for a better end-of-life.Conclusions: PCPs failed to recruit advanced cancer patients, but reported a change in paradigm about palliative care. They moved from a focus on helping patients to die better, to a new role helping patients to define the conditions for a better end-of-life.Trial registration : The ethics committee of the canton of Geneva approved the study (2018-00077 Pilot Study) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki
In Vitro and in Vivo Tenocyte-protective Effectiveness of Dehydroepiandrosterone Against&nbsp;High Glucose-induced Oxidative Stress
Authors: Mukohara Shintaro , Mifune Yutaka , Inui Atsuyuki , Nishimoto Hanako , Kurosawa Takashi , Yamaura Kohei , Yoshikawa Tomoya , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an adrenal steroid, has a protective role against diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo protective effects of DHEA against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in tenocytes and tendons. Methods In an in vitro study, tenocytes from normal Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured in low-glucose (LG) or high-glucose (HG) medium with or without DHEA. The experimental groups were: control group (LG without DHEA), LG with DHEA, HG without DHEA, and HG with DHEA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1 and 4, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined. In the in vivo study, diabetic rats were divided into a control group and a DHEA-injected group (DHEA group). NOX1 and NOX4 protein expression and mRNA expression of NOX1, NOX4, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2, and type I and III collagens in the Achilles tendon were determined. Results In rat tenocytes, DHEA decreased the expression of NOX1 and IL-6, ROS accumulation, and apoptotic cells. In the diabetic rat Achilles tendon, NOX1 protein expression and mRNA expression of NOX1, IL-6, MMP-2, TIMP-2, and type III collagen were significantly lower, while type I collagen expression was significantly lower in the DHEA group.Conclusions DHEA showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, DHEA improved tendon matrix synthesis and turnover which are affected by hyperglycemic conditions. DHEA could be a preventive drug for the diabetic tendinopathy.
Development of A Method for the Detection of Antagonism in the Microbial Community and A Toolbox for Identical Sequence-Level Analysis
Authors: Shin Sunguk , Kim Jihyun F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Competition or antagonism is common in microbial interactions. Therefore, computationally identifying those relationships in the microbial community is in demand. Here, we defined exclusive correlation value (ECV) to better detect mutually exclusive relationships during microbiota analysis. We present METATEA (https://sourceforge.net/projects/metatea/) as a handy toolbox for the calculation of ECV and the analysis of community members with identical 16S rDNA sequences to define intraspecies groups. We analyzed community data related to inflammatory bowel disease to validate the utility of our ECV and METATEA. ECV identified strains antagonistic to disease-associated bacteria, thus providing their potential as probiotics in precision medicine. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed exclusive relationships with various bacteria, and its proportion was associated with microbial diversity and Crohn’s disease. Further, many putative pathobionts were detected using METATEA, some of which were reported to be isolated from other body sites and cause illness to the host.
Biliary Self-expandable Metallic Stent Combined with Iodine-125 Seeds&nbsp;in the Treatment of Malignant Biliary Obstruction (Bismuth&nbsp;type I or II)
Authors: Liu Kai-cai , Lv Wei-fu , Lu Dong , Zhang Xing-ming , Xiao Jing-kun , Zhou Chun-ze , Cheng De-lei , Zhang Zheng-feng , Xu Shao-bao , Gao Zong-gen , Shi Chang-sheng , Su Ming-xue 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background:Biliary self-expandable metallic stent(SEMS) combined with iodine-125(125I) seeds are increasingly used in patients with malignant biliary obstruction (MBO), The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SEMS combined with 125I seeds in the treatment of Bismuth type I or II MBO.Methods:The clinical data of 74 cases of MBO treated with percutaneous SEMS combined with 125I seeds (combination group) and 81 cases of MBO treated with SEMS implantation alone (control group) in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The surgical success rate of the two groups was 100%, and no surgery-related deaths occurred. The liver function of each group was significantly improved after 1 week and 1 month of follow-up. There was no significant difference in short-term efficacy or complications between the two groups (P> 0.05). The average biliary opening times of the combined group and control group were 9.01±4.38 months and 6.79±3.13 months, respectively (P <0.001). The average postoperative survival time was 12.08±5.38 months and 9.10±4.16 months, respectively (P <0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the type of biliary stent and liver metastasis were independent factors affecting survival.Conclusions: SEMS combined with 125I seeds is a safe, effective and feasible palliative treatment for patients with Bismuth type I or II MBO, as it can delay the recurrence of jaundice and prolong the survival time of patients.
Comparison of Cerebral Effects of Thiopental and Propofol Infusion in Traumatic Brain Injured Rats
Authors: Yıldız İsa , Kiliccioglu Yıldıray , Yoldas Hamit , Karagoz Ibrahim , Tekce Buket Kın , Cetinkaya Ayhan , Bilgi Murat , Demirhan Abdullah , Kükner Aysel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective: To compare the cerebral effects of propofol and thiopental infusions in rats with experimental head trauma.Methods: This experimental study included a total of 30 rats, and the animals were randomly divided into 3 groups; as control group (Group C), propofol group (Group P) and thiopental group (Group T). Blood samples were taken 4 hours following infusion. A craniotomy was performed, the brain was removed, and it was placed in 10% neutral formalin for histopathological examination. The materials were examined biochemically and histopathologically, and then compared between the groups.Results: The S100B value between the groups was significantly lower in the thiopental group compared to the control group (p = 0.018). Tau protein levels were significantly lower in the propofol group compared to the control group (p = 0.07).In histological examinations, the numbers of apoptotic cells in the propofol and thiopental groups were significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.02). There was no significant difference between the propofol and thiopental groups in terms of apoptotic cell numbers (p = 0.3). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that thiopental and propofol infusions following a head trauma reduce apoptotic cell death and cause decreases in trauma markers.
Invasive and Multiple Lesions of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: Zhen Juanying , Zeng Minyan , Zheng Xiaodan , Qiu Hongyan , Wu Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is rare, malignant, non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the central nervous system. Solitary lesions occurred in the majority of cases. Invasive and multiple lesions were rarely reported. As clinical presentations and neuroimage are variable, early diagnosis is challenging. Case presentation: The patient was a 61-year-old male with normal immunity who firstly experienced drowsiness and dizziness. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) revealed invasive and multiple lesions of cerebellar hemisphere, right pons, bilateral thalamus and right frontal lobe with slightly long T1 and T2 signal. Contrast-enhanced MRI demonstrated enhanced signal shadows in the cerebellar hemisphere rather than other areas. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed lactate (Lac) peak increases and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) peak decreases moderately. Histopathological examination revealed infiltrative growth of abnormal lymphoid cells. The immunohistochemical analysis detected the result of CD10(-), Bcl-6(+), MUM-1(+), accessing the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (Non-GCB).Conclusions: PCNSL with invasive lesions distributed in supratentorial and infratentorial sites were rarely reported, resulting in the delayed diagnosis in this case. This case not only expands the clinical spectrum but also extends the distribution of PCNSL.