bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INCLUSION RATE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PROLONGED FEEDING OF COCOA BEAN CAKE ON LAYERS
Authors: Odunsi A. A. 
Published: March 2021

The effect of inclusion of cocoa bean cake (CBC) on productive performance and physiological response of Isa Brown pullets to prolonged feeding of CBC were investigated. Dietary inclusion of CBC (0, 50, 100 and 200g kg-1 diet) were monitored in typical poultry diet from day old to 51 weeks of age. Sexual maturity and attained of 50% hen-day production were delayed with increasing level of CBC. Egg quality indices were higher (P < 0.05) at 200g kg-1 CBC diet but with reduced (P < 0.05) shell thickness. CBC had no significant influence on yolk or whole egg cholesterol, follicular weight and number. Layers on 0 and 50 kg-1 CBC diets had higher (P < 0.05) percentage of yellow follicles but lower white follicles. Liver and pancreatic hypertrophy were observed for CBC-fed layers but with reduced (P < 0.05) abdominal fat and oviduct length. The long term feeding of CBC at level more than 50g kg-1 diet progressively had a deteriorating effect on laying performance and follicular development.
MANAGEMENT OF VACCINE-INDUCED INFECTIONS BURSAL DISEASE IN CHICKS WITH ANTIBIOTICS AN ANTIDIARROEICS
Authors: Ezeibe M. C. O. 
Published: March 2021

An experiment was mounted to investigate if over dosing the chicks with normal infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine could be responsible for some of these outbreaks of IBD in vaccinated flocks. The clinical IBD was managed with antibiotics and antidiarrhoeics in order to reduce losses. Three hundred two-week old turkey poults were each administered two doses of IBD vaccine of chick embryo cell culture origin. This produced clinical infectious bursal disease in the cockerel chicks but the turkey Poults did not suffer clinical infection. Administration of an antibiotic- antidiarrhoeic preparation (Ampicilline trihydrate 10% Aluminium hydroxide 80% and sodium bicarbonate 10%) at a dose of 2g per litre of water for five days reduced both morbidity and mortality from 60% and 94% (in the control groups) to 14% and 15% respectively in the Experimental groups.
Estimation of breeding value for bodyweight of grasscutters
Authors: Udeh I. 
Published: March 2021

Animal breeders are interested in the genetic worth or total genetic merit of an animal for a given trait. The value of an animal in a breeding program for a particular trait is called the breeding value. The aim of this study was to predict the breeding values for bodyweight of grasscutters at 4, 6 and 8 months of age using univariate animal model. Four families of grasscutters with five grasscutters per family were used for the study. Families 3 and 4 had higher bodyweight at 4 and 6 months compared with families 1 and 2. Family 4 had the highest bodyweight at 8 month and family 2 had the least. The estimated breeding values (EBV) for bodyweight of grasscutters ranged from -0.06kg to 0.45kg at 4 month, -0.05kg to 0.45 kg at 6 month and -0.04kg to 0.55kg at 8 month. The reliability of the EBV (%) ranged from 51.00 to 62.50, 22.25 to 43.81 and 25.84 to 49.00 at 4, 6 and 8 months of age respectively. This implies that the correlations between estimated breeding value and true genetic merit were medium to high in magnitude. The reliability of the EBV could be improved further through collecting more phenotypic information on the animal and its relatives and by improving the heritability of the trait.

Les éleveurs s'intéressent à la valeur génétique ou au mérite génétique total d'un animal pour un trait donné. La valeur d'un animal dans un programme d'élevage pour un trait particulier est appelée valeur de reproduction. Le but de cette étude était de prédire les valeurs de reproduction du poids corporel des coupe-herbes à l'âge de 4, 6 et 8 mois à l'aide d'un modèle animal univarié. Quatre familles de coupe-herbes avec cinq coupes-herbes par famille ont été utilisées pour l'étude. Les familles 3 et 4 avaient un poids corporel plus élevé à 4 et 6 mois comparativement aux familles 1 et 2. Famille 4 avait le poids corporel le plus élevé à 8 mois et la famille 2 avait le moins. Les valeurs de reproduction estimées (le 'EBV') pour le poids corporel des coupe-herbes allaient de -0.06 kg à 0,45 kg à 4 mois, -0.05 kg à 0.45 kg à 6 mois et -0.04 kg à 0.55 kg à 8 mois. La fiabilité de l'EBV (%) 51.00 à 62.50, 22.25 à 43.81 et 25.84 à 49.00 à 4, 6 et 8 mois respectivement. Cela implique que les corrélations entre la valeur de reproduction estimée et le véritable mérite génétique étaient de taille moyenne à élevée. La fiabilité de l'EBV pourrait être encore améliorée en recueillant plus d'informations phénotypique sur l'animal et ses parents et en améliorant l'hérabilité du trait.
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF YOUNG EWES FED GUINEA GRASS (PANICUM MAXIMUM) FOR MAINTENANCE AND GAIN
Authors: Adegbola T. A. , Adeleye A. A. , Yoila Y. D. 
Published: March 2021

Energy requirement for maintenance and weight gain of non-lactating, non-pregnant West African Dwarf ewes were determined by using equation of the form DOMI = aw0.75 + bG........ (1) where, DOMI = Digestible Organic matter intake (kg/day), W = Liveweight of ewe (kg), G = Liveweight gain of ewe (kg/day), a = DOMI requirement per kg of Wkg0.75, b = DOMI requirement for each kilogram liveweight gain. The regression equation obtained was DOMI = 0.0385Wkg 0.75 + 1.54G........(2). The values of DOM required per kilogram of Wkg0.75 and for each kilogram of liveweight gain, were 0.0385 and 1.54kg respectively. In terms of Metabolizable energy (ME) equation (2) can be written as follows: ME = 523.50Wkg0.75 + 20940.92G........(3) Values of ME required per kilogram of Wkg0.75 and each kilogram of liveweight gain were 523.5 and 20940.92 KJ from equation 3. These results are comparable to those obtained for other breeds of sheep of both temperate and tropical origin.
PENETAPAN KADAR FORMALDEHID DALAM IKAN ASIN DI TULUNGAGUNG MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI VISIBLE
Authors: Muadifah Afidatul , Djatmika Rosalina , Ariani Fahima 
Published: March 2021

Formaldehyde steam stimulates the mucous membranes of the nose, throat and burning sensation. The use of formaldehyde as a preservative in food still occurring to date, one of which is the use of formaldehyde in salted fish consumed by community. The purpose of this study was todeterminetheoptimum condition of visible spectrophotometry methodand to know the concentration offormaldehyde contained insalted fish sold at Tulungagungwhich wasanalyzed using visible spectrophotometry method.The method used in this research is wavelength and solvent optimazation. Validation used is linearity, accuracy and precision. The identification of formaldehyde of salted fish was qualitatively identified using the peelof dragon fruit and KMnO4and quantitative using visible spectrophotometry method.Theresult of the research obtainedoptimumwavelengthis 530 nm, the optimum solvent is aquades. Result of linearity test obtained y = 0.003x + 0.489 with R2= 0.989. The accuracy test obtained recovery of 101.90% and precision test obtained SD = 1.583 and RSD = 1.95%. Qualitative test was obtained from 6 salted fish samples analyzed, all samples positive contain formaldehyde. In a quantitative analysis obtained formaldehyde of 72± 1,583 ppm.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI DARI MASERAT Zibethinus folium TERHADAP Escherichia coli
Authors: Huda Choirul , Putri Amalia Eka , Sari Devri Windi 
Published: March 2021

Durian leaf (Zibethinus folium) is part of the plant that has antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Zibethinusfoliumfraction against Escherichia coliATCC 25922 in vitro. The research method used is experimental. Leaf samples were extracted using maceration method with 70% ethanol and purified by fractionation methods using aqua distilled, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. Positive controlisclindamycin gel and negative controlis5% DMSO. Statistical analysis was performed with One-Way Anova. Phytochemical screening results show that macerateZibethinus folium contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins and steroids. The test results of antibacterial activity aqua distilled fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of macerateZibethinus foliumshows antibacterial activity against Escherichia coliATCC 25922, while the n-hexane fraction of macerateZibethinus foliumshowed no antibacterial activity against Escherichia coliATCC 25922. aqua distilled fraction of 40% showed a response the most well barriers with zone of inhibition 8.33 ± 0.76 mm, meaning that aqua distilled fraction of 40% including medium category.
Turismo Invasivo y Turismo Mapuche: territorio indígena y emprendimiento con identidad en Laguna Icalma, Alto Biobío
Authors: Krell Rivera Ignacio 
Published: March 2021

Esta investigación cualitativa explora la agencia económica de emprendedores turísticos mapuche en las intersecciones entre los discursos del Desarrollo con Identidad y la turistificación del territorio Mapuche-Pewenche en el sur de Chile. En base a la observación etnográfica y entrevistas realizadas en el sector de Laguna Icalma, y el análisis de documentos institucionales, se describen narrativas contrapuestas en torno a la turistificación del territorio indígena emergiendo de la apropiación estratégica del discurso gubernamental del Desarrollo con Identidad por los sujetos indígenas a los que este interpela en tanto etno-emprendedores. A su vez, este tipo nuevo de líder económico indígena comienza a ejercer una incidencia re-politizada sobre las trayectorias de turistificación del territorio mapuche, avanzando una agenda de sustentabilidad situada en la reconstrucción ontológica del Pewenmapu.
Non‐Solvent Induced Phase Separation Enables Designer Redox Flow Battery Electrodes
Authors: Wan Charles Tai‐Chieh , Jacquemond Rémy Richard , Chiang Yet‐Ming , Nijmeijer Kitty , Brushett Fikile R. , Forner‐Cuenca Antoni 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPorous carbonaceous electrodes are performance‐defining components in redox flow batteries (RFBs), where their properties impact the efficiency, cost, and durability of the system. The overarching challenge is to simultaneously fulfill multiple seemingly contradictory requirements—i.e., high surface area, low pressure drop, and facile mass transport—without sacrificing scalability or manufacturability. Here, non‐solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) is proposed as a versatile method to synthesize tunable porous structures suitable for use as RFB electrodes. The variation of the relative concentration of scaffold‐forming polyacrylonitrile to pore‐forming poly(vinylpyrrolidone) is demonstrated to result in electrodes with distinct microstructure and porosity. Tomographic microscopy, porosimetry, and spectroscopy are used to characterize the 3D structure and surface chemistry. Flow cell studies with two common redox species (i.e., all‐vanadium and Fe2+/3+) reveal that the novel electrodes can outperform traditional carbon fiber electrodes. It is posited that the bimodal porous structure, with interconnected large (>50 µm) macrovoids in the through‐plane direction and smaller (<5 µm) pores throughout, provides a favorable balance between offsetting traits. Although nascent, the NIPS synthesis approach has the potential to serve as a technology platform for the development of porous electrodes specifically designed to enable electrochemical flow technologies.
Break‐and‐Build Strategy for the Synthesis of 2‐Benzoylbenzoxazoles from o‐Aminophenols and Acetophenones
Authors: Nguyen Le Anh , Ngo Quoc Anh , Retailleau Pascal , Nguyen Thanh Binh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough compounds with a 2‐benzoylbenzoxazole motif are biologically relevant, there are only a few methods for synthesizing them, most of which relied on multistep process or required substrates bearing activating groups. Herein, we report an efficient method for the synthesis of such compounds by direct reactions of o‐aminophenols with acetophenones promoted by sulfur in DMSO. The reaction was found to proceed via a Willgerodt rearrangement‐type benzoxazolation of acetophenones followed by a benzylic oxidation to reinstall the carbonyl function. This method has a broad substrate scope and good tolerance for sensitive functional groups.magnified image
Rhodaelektrokatalysierte bimetallische C‐H‐Oxygenierung durch schwache O‐Koordination
Authors: Tan Xuefeng , Massignan Leonardo , Hou Xiaoyan , Frey Johanna , Oliveira João C. A. , Hussain Masoom Nasiha , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRhodaelektrokatalysierte C‐H‐Oxygenierungen von Aromaten durch schwach O‐koordinierende Amide und Ketone wurden mittels bimetallischer Elektrokatalyse ermöglicht. Außerdem ermöglichte die sorgfältige Auswahl der Stromstärke den Zugang zu Dihydrooxazinonen durch zweifache C‐H‐Funktionalisierung. Detaillierte experimentelle mechanistische Studien sowie massenspektrometrische und cyclovoltammetrische Analysen deuten auf eine neuartige, elektrooxidativ eingeleitete C‐H‐Funktionalisierung durch bimetallische Rhodiumkatalyse hin.
Large‐Scale Rapid Positioning of Hierarchical Assemblies of Conjugated Polymers via Meniscus‐Assisted Self‐Assembly
Authors: Pan Shuang , Peng Juan , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRapid and deliberate patterning of nanomaterials over a large area is desirable for device manufacturing. We report a method for meniscus‐assisted self‐assembly (MASA)‐enabled rapid positioning of hierarchically assembled dots and stripes composed of luminescent conjugated polymer over two length scales. Periodically arranged conjugated poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO) polymers, yield dots, punch‐holes and stripes at microscopic scale via MASA. Concurrent self‐assembly of PFOs into two‐dimensional lenticular crystals within each dot, punch‐hole and stripe is realized at nanoscopic scale. Hierarchical assembly is achieved by constraining the evaporation of the PFOs solution in two approximately parallel plates via a MASA process. The three‐phase contact line (TCL) of the liquid meniscus of the PFOs was printed using the upper plate, yielding an array of curved stripes. Rapid creation of hierarchical assemblies via MASA opens up possibilities for large‐scale organization of a wide range of soft matters and nanomaterials.
Massive Pressure Amplification by Stimulated Contraction of Mesoporous Frameworks**
Authors: Bon Volodymyr , Krause Simon , Senkovska Irena , Grimm Nico , Wallacher Dirk , Többens Daniel M. , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHerein we demonstrate mesoporous frameworks interacting with carbon dioxide leading to stimulated structural contractions and massive out‐of‐equilibrium pressure amplification well beyond ambient pressure. Carbon dioxide, a non‐toxic and non‐flammable working medium, is promising for the development of pressure‐amplifying frameworks for pneumatic technologies and safety systems. The strong interaction of the fluid with the framework even contracts DUT‐46, a framework hitherto considered as non‐flexible. Synchrotron‐based in situ PXRD/adsorption experiments reveal the characteristic contraction pressure for DUT‐49 pressure amplification in the range of 350–680 kPa. The stimulated framework contraction expels 1.1 to 2.4 mmol g−1 CO2 leading to autonomous pressure amplification in a pneumatic demonstrator system up to 428 kPa. According to system level estimations even higher theoretical pressure amplification may be achieved between 535 and 1011 kPa.
Resin, cure, and polymer properties of photopolymerizable resins containing bio‐derived isosorbide
Authors: Lastovickova Dominika N. , Toulan Faye R. , Mitchell Joshua R. , VanOosten David , Clay Anthony M. , Stanzione Joseph F. , Palmese Giuseppe R. , La Scala John J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe have developed photocurable bio‐derived isosorbide (meth)acrylates for use in photoinitiated additive manufacturing (AM). We have shown that the viscosity of isosorbide‐based resins obeyed logarithmic rule of mixtures, and the viscosity values were significantly lower than that of commercial stereolithography (SLA) resins as well as various other urethane (meth)acrylates and bisphenol A (meth)acrylates‐containing blends. Using isobornyl acrylate or 4‐acryloylmorpholine as reactive diluents, we were able to reduce the brittleness of the isosorbide‐based polymers and retain high glass transition temperatures (Tg) of up to 231°C. The isosorbide‐based resins were still somewhat brittle but had both greater Tg and strength relative to analogous bisphenol A dimethacrylate resins. Addition of oligomeric urethane (meth)acrylate crosslinkers further improved the mechanical properties of the polymers, whereby the strength approximately doubled to 55 MPa at 25°C, while maintaining high thermal properties, Tg > 190°C, and low viscosities, <140 cP, that are desirable for photoinduced AM applications. Furthermore, we were able to print this resin using SLA which produced specimens with similar moduls, but reduced strength relative to photocured resins and a commercial high temperature SLA resin.
Science and conservation of Amazonian crocodilians: a historical review
Authors: Marioni Boris , Barão‐Nóbrega José António L. , Botero‐Arias Robinson , Muniz Fábio , Campos Zilca , Da Silveira Ronis , Magnusson William E. , Villamarín Francisco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCrocodilians represent one of the oldest extant vertebrate lineages. They have co‐existed with humans throughout the Amazon basin for thousands of years, often having a strong cultural and economic influence on people's lives. Shifts in the socio‐economic and political reality of the Amazon basin during the last century have led crocodilian populations to face large variations in their numbers according to different levels of exploitation and strategies for their conservation.This article reviews the scientific knowledge obtained between 1945 and 2019 on the biology, conservation and management for the four Amazonian crocodilian (caiman) species (Caiman crocodilus,Melanosuchus niger,Paleosuchus palpebrosusandPaleosuchus trigonatus). It provides a general overview on past and current population status and research efforts involving caimans in the Amazon basin and discusses perspectives for the future.The most significant studies on the ecology, genetics and management strategies are examined in more detail and this information is contextualized to provide an overview of the most relevant findings that might explain caiman population trends over the last 75 years.Systems for sustainable management in the Amazon basin have been discussed for the past 20 years, but remain rarely applicable. It is necessary to develop new ways to maintain healthy caiman populations through innovative management programmes. Sustainable harvesting of wildlife has been shown to promote conservation targets, especially those initiatives based on community co‐management. In this article, we propose some general guidelines for future management schemes, in the expectation that the information provided by the scientific community will be considered fully without political agendas determining the priorities.
Which Drains Get Claimed? Adopt‐a‐Drain Programs in Three US Cities
Authors: Saywitz Robin Rose , Teodoro Manuel P. 
Published: March 2021

Key TakeawaysAdopt‐a‐Drain is a popular and growing program aimed at improving stormwater system performance and engaging the public to participate in water management.Drain adoption in Houston, Seattle, and Virginia Beach is unrelated to flood risk but strongly correlated with demographic and socioeconomic factors.Utilities’ public engagement and education programs should include outreach to high‐risk, low‐socioeconomic‐status, and/or demographically diverse neighborhoods.
Cloning, expression, and functional analysis of the β‐1,3‐glucanase gene in Ostrinia furnacalis
Authors: Liu Danmei , Wang Rui , Yang Jun , Yang Qing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe β‐1,3‐glucanase gene in Ostrinia furnacalis was first obtained by RT‐PCR. The real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expression level of β‐1,3‐glucanase in the midgut of O. furnacalis was higher than in other tissues. Moreover, the expression level in the larval stage was higher in egg, pupa, and adult stages. The optimal pH of recombinant O. furnacalis β‐1,3‐glucanase OfLam to the substrate laminarin was 4.5, and the optimum reaction temperature was 50°C. The enzyme exhibited a KM of 1.59 ± 0.28 mg/mL and a kcat of 15.8 ± 0.66 s–1. Ostrinia furnacalis β‐1,3‐glucanase has a similar catalytic efficiency to other insect‐derived β‐1,3‐glucanases. The recombinant OfLam has a broad substrate spectrum and can hydrolyze fungal cell walls, suggesting a new source of enzymes for biological control strategies that target fungal cell walls.
Combination antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibition and anti‐PD1 immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A retrospective analysis of safety, tolerance, and clinical outcomes
Authors: Laccetti Andrew L. , Garmezy Benjamin , Xiao Lianchun , Economides Minas , Venkatesan Aradhana , Gao Jianjun , Jonasch Eric , Corn Paul , Zurita‐Saavedra Amado , Brown Landon C. , Kao Chester , Kinsey Emily N. , Gupta Rajan T. , Harrison Michael R. , Armstrong Andrew J. , George Daniel J. , Tannir Nizar , Msaouel Pavlos , Shah Amishi , Zhang Tian , Campbell Matthew T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionTwo separate antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immunotherapy (IO) combinations are FDA‐approved as front‐line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Little is known about off‐protocol and post‐front‐line experience with combination TKI–IO approaches.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of mRCC patients who received combination TKI–IO post‐first‐line therapy between November 2015 and January 2019 at MD Anderson Cancer Center and Duke Cancer Institute. Chart review detailed patient characteristics, treatments, toxicity, and survival. Independent radiologists, blinded to clinical data, assessed best radiographic response using RECIST v1.1.ResultsWe identified 48 mRCC patients for inclusion: median age 65 years, 75.0% clear cell histology, 68.8% IMDC intermediate risk, and median two prior systemic therapies. TKI–IO combinations included nivolumab–cabozantinib (N +C; 24 patients), nivolumab–pazopanib (N+P; 13), nivolumab–axitinib (6), nivolumab–lenvatinib (2), and nivolumab–ipilimumab–cabozantinib (3). The median progression‐free survival was 11.6 months and the median overall survival was not reached. Response data were available in 45 patients: complete response (CR; n = 3, 6.7%), partial response (PR; 20, 44.4%), stable disease (SD; 19, 42.2%), and progressive disease (3, 6.7%). Overall response rate was 51% and disease control rate (CR+PR+SD) was 93%. Only one patient had a grade ≥3 adverse event.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first case series reporting off‐label use of combination TKI–IO for mRCC. TKI–IO combinations, particularly N+P and N+C, are well tolerated and efficacious. Although further prospective research is essential, slow disease progression on IO or TKI monotherapy may be safely controlled with addition of either TKI or IO.