bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Model Detail Level on the Prognosis Quality of the Perceived Sound of an Electrified Passenger Car Powertrain
Authors: Drichel P , Jaeger M , Möller-Giebeler M , Berroth J , Schroder M , Behler G , Jacobs G , Hameyer K , Vorländer M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Complex and resource intensive multi-physical models which integrate the domains of electrotechnical, structural dynamics and acoustics are needed to predict the noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) behavior of an electric passenger car drive train. Because of the highly limited resources in product development process of cars, engineers request efficient models with a good balance between accuracy and model creation as well as calculation effort. Knowing about which components and effects influence the prognosis is essential to adjust this balance between accuracy and effort. Therefore, in this paper a method is presented to determine the influence of the model fidelity level on the prognosis quality of the perceived drive train-related airborne sound under the use of hearing tests to consider the human noise perception. The work is based on a high fidelity multi-physical NVH of a small, series-produced electric vehicle drivetrain which is validated in structure-and air-borne-noise against test bench measurements. The influence of model detail level on the prognosis quality is analyzed using the aforementioned method taking into account four exemplary variant calculations of the proposed model: (1) Power electronics harmonics vs. ideal sine electric machine current, (2) electric machine with vs. without production deviations, (3) modal damping parameters derived from component measurements vs. modal damping taken from literature, and (4) numeric vs. analytical sound calculation method.
Experimental Validation of a New Design Concept for the Increase of Efficiency of the Hydraulic Drive System in Mobile Working Machines
Authors: Geffroy S. , Brautlacht A. , Wegner S. , Gels S. , Schmitz K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In mobile working machines like excavators, hydraulic actuators and drives are indispensable due to their advantages of a high power to weight ratio, robustness and the good power transmission over medium distances by the hydraulic fluid. Axial piston machines can deliver a large volume flow at a high operation pressure with high efficiency and are therefore widely used as system pump or drive motor. The three essential tribological contacts piston / bushing, sliding shoe / swash plate and valve plate / cylinder block strongly influence the machine’s efficiency and so the complete drive system. The paper on hand focuses on the experimental validation of a new design concept to increase the efficiency of the tribological contact between valve plate and cylinder block in an axial piston pump. Due to the different pressure forces at the high- and low-pressure side, the cylinder block tilts and holds this preferred position almost constant. Therefore, the gap height is not constant. In the area of minimum gap height, the danger of solid body contact increases. In addition, the heat dissipation is decreased, which can lead to local constant high temperature hot-spots. Both can destroy the surface structure or the coating. A new design concept has been developed to reduce these risks, thus increasing the efficiency, the lifetime and making it possible to dispense of leaded coating materials. In this design concept, pressure pockets are added in the area of minimum gap height. The simulation study shows a high potential of this concept. The experimental results of the prototype parts, which are measured on a special test rig and presented in this paper, confirm the simulations and validate the potential of the new design concept in this way.
Aerodynamic Design of Wingtip Devices Using Far-field Drag Decomposition
Authors: He Xiaolong , Chen Zheng , Tan Jie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become widely used for civil aircraft. However, the commonly used wall integration method for drag prediction based on Reynolds- averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations still has some shortcomings. Far-field drag decomposition (FDD) method was developed as an alternative to improve the drag prediction accuracy and to provide a powerful analysis tool. FDD is capable of decomposing the drag into viscous, shock, induced, and spurious drag components, which provides invaluable insight into the relationship between drag and flow phenomena. Despite all the strengths, FDD is seldom used for aerodynamic shape design and optimization. In this paper, FDD was used to design wingtip devices for a business aircraft. Five spiroid and one blended winglet were compared with baseline wing and tip-extension configuration. Results indicate that all drag components were quantified successfully and the trade-off between induced drag and other drag components was better explained. The spiroid winglet with new foil gives the lowest total drag and wave drag.
Operational Scenario Analysis Method for Civil Aircraft Based on Requirement Capture
Authors: Yuwei He , Yuchen Sun , Xinai Zhang , Ximei Dai , Dongsheng Chen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Scenario analysis is an accepted method in civil aircraft requirements capture and validation.This paper introduces the operation scenario analysis method for requirement capture, including stakeholder identification, interaction activity analysis, design requirement capture, etc.Based on SysML language, the modeling and analysis of operation scenarios were carried out.Taking the push/tow scenario of civil aircraft as an example, the structure diagram, use case diagram, activity diagram and requirement diagram are formed by modeling. The design requirements in this scenario are captured through the interaction analysis between the different stakeholders and the aircraft.
Roadmap for increasing the Congolese mining industry involvement in the local community development
Authors: Michel Shengo Lutandula , Kime Meschack-Bill 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The mining sector revenues of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have significantly increased proportionally to mining production. Unfortunately, the increase in mining production has not translated into benefits for affected communities, given that revenues have not been sufficiently invested in the fostering of economic diversification or oriented toward projects that can sustain economic growth and thus improve the population’s socioeconomic status and welfare. The Mining Code revision of 2018 was supposed to tackle these problems and has not yet come to fruition. Moreover, it is a common fact that mining has failed to alleviate poverty in some mineral resource-rich countries of the Sub-Saharan Africa, a region to which the DRC belongs. This work aims at increasing the mining industry involvement in the development of local communities. It analyses the behaviour in the production of copper and cobalt over more than a century and its incidence on the country economic status and the population welfare, as reflected by evolution in the Gross Domestic Product and the Human Development Index. It addresses the issue of mining and the development of local communities and finds that their welfare needs to be improved. The work puts an emphasis on the effective implementation of the new Mining Code and presents a framework for increasing the mining industry involvement in the welfare of affected communities.
A Machine Learning Approach for Identification of Malignant Mesothelioma Etiological Factors in an Imbalanced Dataset
Authors: Alam Talha Mahboob , Shaukat Kamran , Mahboob Haris , Sarwar Muhammad Umer , Iqbal Farhat , Nasir Adeel , Hameed Ibrahim A , Luo Suhuai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In today’s world, lung cancer is a significant health burden, and it is one of the most leading causes of death. A leading type of lung cancer is malignant mesothelioma (MM). Most of the MM patients do not show any symptoms. Etiology plays a vital factor in the diagnosis of any disease. Positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biopsies, X-rays and blood tests are essential but costly and invasive MM risk factor identification methods. In this work, we mainly focused on the exploration of the MM risk factors. The identification of mesothelioma symptoms was carried out by utilizing the data of mesothelioma patients. However, the dataset was comprised of both healthy and mesothelioma patients. The dataset is prone to a class imbalance problem in which the number of MM patients significantly less than healthy individuals. To overcome the class imbalance problem, the synthetic minority oversampling technique has been utilized. The association rule mining-based Apriori algorithm has been applied to a preprocessed dataset. Before using the Apriori algorithm, both duplicate and irrelevant attributes were removed. Moreover, the numerical attributes were also classified into nominal attributes and the association rules were generated in the dataset. Our results show that erythrocyte sedimentation rate, asbestos exposure and its duration time, and pleural and serum lactic dehydrogenase ratio are major risk factors of MM. The severe stages of MM can be avoided by earlier identification of risk factors of the disease. The failure of identification of risk factors can lead to increased risk of multiple medical conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, mental distress, diabetes and anemia.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalizations in Children With Neurological Disorders, 2006–2015
Authors: Rose Erica Billig , Dahl Rebecca M , Havers Fiona P , Peacock Georgina , Langley Gayle E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
We quantified the risk of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations and severe outcomes among children with neurological disorders.

Methods
We estimated RSV-specific and RSV-associated hospitalization rates using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes from 2 insurance claims IBM MarketScan Research Databases (Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid) from July 2006 through June 2015. For comparison, a simple random sample of 10% of all eligible children was selected to represent the general population. Relative rates (RRs) of RSV hospitalization were calculated by dividing rates for children with neurological disorders by rates for children in the general population by age group and season.

Results
The RSV-specific hospitalization rate for children with any neurological condition was 4.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.1, 4.4) per 1000 person-years, and the RSV-associated hospitalization rate was 7.0 (95% CI: 6.9, 7.2) per 1000 person-years among children &lt;19 years of age. Among privately insured children, the overall RR of RSV hospitalization in children with neurological disorders compared with the general population was 10.7 (95% CI: 10.0, 11.4) for RSV-specific hospitalization and 11.1 (95% CI: 10.5, 11.7) for RSV-associated hospitalizations. Among children in Medicaid, the RSV-specific hospitalization RR was 6.1 (95% CI: 5.8, 6.5) and the RSV-associated hospitalization RR was 6.4 (95% CI: 6.2, 6.7) compared with the general population.

Conclusions
Our population-based study of children with neurological disorders found that the risk of RSV hospitalization was 6 to 12 times higher among children with neurological disorders than among the general pediatric population. These findings should be considered when determining who should be targeted for current and future RSV interventions.
Impact of low iodine density tumor area ratio on the local control of non-small cell lung cancer through stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Tanaka Mitsuki , Koji Ichise , Fujioka Ichitaro , Sato Mariko , Hirose Katsumi , Kawaguchi Hideo , Hatayama Yoshiomi , Takai Yoshihiro , Tsushima Eiki , Aoki Masahiko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Lung cancer with low average iodine density measured via contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) using dual-energy CT technology has shown a reduced local control rate after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). The current study therefore investigated the relationship between low iodine density tumor area and its ratio and local recurrence after SBRT. Dual-energy CT was performed on the day before SBRT initiation, with a low iodine density tumor area being defined as that with an iodine density of &lt;1.81 mg cm–3. The low iodine density tumor area, the ratio between the low iodine density tumor area and the entire tumor, and the local recurrence rate were then determined. No correlation was observed between the low iodine density tumor area and the local recurrence rate. However, tumors with a large low iodine density tumor area ratio showed an increased local recurrence rate, with the prognostic accuracy almost similar to that in previous studies using average iodine densities. Our results therefore suggest that the low iodine density tumor area ratio was a useful prognostic index after SBRT, with an accuracy comparable with that of the average iodine density.
Mutagenic mechanisms of cancer-associated DNA polymerase ϵ alleles
Authors: Herzog Mareike , Alonso-Perez Elisa , Salguero Israel , Warringer Jonas , Adams David J , Jackson Stephen P , Puddu Fabio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A single amino acid residue change in the exonuclease domain of human DNA polymerase ϵ, P286R, is associated with the development of colorectal cancers, and has been shown to impart a mutator phenotype. The corresponding Pol ϵ allele in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (pol2-P301R), was found to drive greater mutagenesis than an entirely exonuclease-deficient Pol ϵ (pol2–4), an unexpected phenotype of ultra-mutagenesis. By studying the impact on mutation frequency, type, replication-strand bias, and sequence context, we show that ultra-mutagenesis is commonly observed in yeast cells carrying a range of cancer-associated Pol ϵ exonuclease domain alleles. Similarities between mutations generated by these alleles and those generated in pol2–4 cells indicate a shared mechanism of mutagenesis that yields a mutation pattern similar to cancer Signature 14. Comparison of POL2 ultra-mutator with pol2-M644G, a mutant in the polymerase domain decreasing Pol ϵ fidelity, revealed unexpected analogies in the sequence context and strand bias of mutations. Analysis of mutational patterns unique to exonuclease domain mutant cells suggests that backtracking of the polymerase, when the mismatched primer end cannot be accommodated in the proofreading domain, results in the observed insertions and T&gt;A mutations in specific sequence contexts.
A functional LSD1 coregulator screen reveals a novel transcriptional regulatory cascade connecting R-loop homeostasis with epigenetic regulation
Authors: Pinter Sabine , Knodel Franziska , Choudalakis Michel , Schnee Philipp , Kroll Carolin , Fuchs Marina , Broehm Alexander , Weirich Sara , Roth Mareike , Eisler Stephan A , Zuber Johannes , Jeltsch Albert , Rathert Philipp 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) plays a pivotal role in cellular differentiation by regulating the expression of key developmental genes in concert with different coregulatory proteins. This process is impaired in different cancer types and incompletely understood. To comprehensively identify functional coregulators of LSD1, we established a novel tractable fluorescent reporter system to monitor LSD1 activity in living cells. Combining this reporter system with a state-of-the-art multiplexed RNAi screen, we identify the DEAD-box helicase 19A (DDX19A) as a novel coregulator and demonstrate that suppression of Ddx19a results in an increase of R-loops and reduced LSD1-mediated gene silencing. We further show that DDX19A binds to tri-methylated lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3) and it regulates gene expression through the removal of transcription promoting R-loops. Our results uncover a novel transcriptional regulatory cascade where the downregulation of genes is dependent on the LSD1 mediated demethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4). This allows the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to methylate H3K27, which serves as a binding site for DDX19A. Finally, the binding of DDX19A leads to the efficient removal of R-loops at active promoters, which further de-represses LSD1 and PRC2, establishing a positive feedback loop leading to a robust repression of the target gene.
Cooperative enterprise at scale: comparative capitalisms and the political economy of ownership
Authors: Spicer Jason 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Under what conditions do cooperatively owned enterprises scale to stand alongside investor-owned firms? This article measures and attempts to explain large cooperatives’ variable prevalence across high-income capitalist democracies. Controlling for other known social, economic and geographic factors, statistical models confirm that state-mediated institutional arrangements, as operationalized through two comparative capitalism frameworks (Varieties of Capitalism and Welfare Regimes), are a significant factor in this variation. Cooperatives scale in a manner that complements arrangements in coordinated market economies, while exhibiting institutional incongruencies with those of liberal market economies and residual welfare states. Public policies which have variously enhanced or inhibited cooperatives’ ability to coordinate to scale are compared across four case countries (United States, France, Finland and New Zealand). Policy differences are shown to reflect the joint effect of state-mediated institutional arrangements alongside other control variables. They reveal how states privilege some ownership forms over others, suggesting a distinct political economy of ownership.
The comparison of medial longitudinal arch development in normal feet and flexible flatfeet in preschool children with an 18-month follow-up: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Farahmand Behshid , Pourhoseingholi Ensieh , Bagheri Azam 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Flexible flatfoot is a major concern for parents of preschool children. Although the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) has significant development during the growth of a child, flexible flatfoot usually does not need treatment. However, the time and process of MLA changes are controversial among researchers. The aim of this study was to compare MLA development in preschool children with normal feet and with flexible flatfoot.

Methods:
Sixty preschool children (36 girls and 24 boys) with normal feet and 60 preschool children (36 girls and 24 boys) with flexible flatfoot participated in this study. The arch index (AI) was obtained from static footprints.

Results:
According to this study, the mean values of AI in the flatfoot and control groups showed significant difference.

Conclusions:
The results of this study indicated that the medial longitudinal arch development was lower in preschool children with flexible flatfoot than in the control group. This lower development was shown by higher AI.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Fulcrum to Generate Maximum Extension of the Spine and Hip—Proposing A New Strategy using EOS Imaging for Patient-specific Assessment of Degenerated Lumbar Spines
Authors: Hey Hwee Weng Dennis , Tay Hui Wen , Wong Gordon Chengyuan , Tan Kimberly-Anne , Lau Eugene Tze-Chun , Wong Seng Juong , Liu Ka-Po Gabriel , Wong Hee-Kit 
Published: March 2021

Study Design.
A retrospective, radiographic comparative study conducted in a single academic institution.

Objective.
This study aims to compare fulcrum extension with conventional extension imaging to determine maximum “hip lordosis” (HL), an important novel patient-specific parameter in spinal realignment surgery, as well as understand the extension capabilities of the lower lumbar spine, which together, are key contributors to whole-body balancing.

Summary of Background Data.
Recent literature recognizes the hip as an important contributor to whole-body lordosis beyond a compensator for spinal imbalance.

Methods.
Patients >45 years’ old with mechanical low back pain due to degenerative spinal conditions were included and grouped based on the imaging performed—fulcrum or conventional extension. All imaging was performed using EOS under standardized instructions and visual aids. Radiographic parameters include global lumbar angle (GLA), inflexion-S1 (Inf-S1) angle, segmental lumbar angles, pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), femoral alignment angle (FAA), HL and spinocoxa angle (SCA). Unpaired t test was used to compare between radiographic parameters.

Results.
One hundred patients (40 males and 60 females, mean age 63.0 years) underwent either fulcrum or conventional extension EOS® imaging. Both groups had comparable baseline radiographic parameters. Fulcrum extension gave a larger mean GLA (−60.7° vs. −48.5°, P = 0.001), Inf-S1 angle (−58.8° vs. −48.8°, P = 0.003), SCA (−36.5° vs. −24.8°, P < 0.001), L4/5 and L5/S1 lordosis (−20.7° vs. −17.7°, P = 0.041, and −22.3° vs. −17.1°, P = 0.018, respectively), compared to conventional extension. PI, SS, PT, FAA, and HL were similar between both extension postures.

Conclusion.
Fulcrum extension, compared to conventional extension, is better at generating lordosis in the lower lumbar spine, thus improving preoperative assessment of stiffness or instability of the lumbar spine. Both extension methods were equally effective at determining the patient-specific maximum HL to assess the flexibility and compensation occurring at the hip, potentially guiding surgical management of patients with degenerative spines.

Level of Evidence: 3
Comparison of two vasopressor protocols for preventing hypotension post-spinal anesthesia during cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fan Qian-Qian , Wang Yong-Hui , Fu Jing-Wen , Dong Hai-Long , Yang Man-Ping , Liu Duo-Duo , Jiang Xiao-Fan , Wu Zhi-Xin , Xiong Li-Ze , Lu Zhi-Hong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background:
Norepinephrine infusion decreases hypotension after spinal anesthesia during cesarean section. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of norepinephrine infusion and ephedrine bolus against post-spinal hypotension in parturients.

Methods:
In this double-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial, parturients scheduled for elective cesarean section were randomly allocated to receive norepinephrine infusion (0.05 μg·kg−1·min−1) just before spinal anesthesia continuing for 30 min or ephedrine bolus (0.15 mg/kg) just before spinal anesthesia. A rescue bolus (5 μg norepinephrine for the norepinephrine group, and 5 mg ephedrine for the ephedrine group) was administered whenever hypotension occurred. Our primary outcome was the incidence of hypotension within 30 min of spinal anesthesia administration. Secondary outcomes included maternal and neonatal outcomes 30 min after spinal block, and neonatal cerebral oxygenation 10 min after birth.

Results:
In total, 190 patients were enrolled; of these patients, 177 were included in the final analysis. Fewer patients suffered hypotension in the norepinephrine group than in the ephedrine group (29.5% vs. 44.9%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28–0.95, P = 0.034). Moreover, the tachycardia frequency was lower in the norepinephrine group than in the ephedrine group (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.11–0.44, P < 0.001), and patients suffered less nausea and vomiting (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11–0.70, P = 0.004). There was no difference in Apgar scores and umbilical arterial blood gas analysis between the two groups. However, neonatal cerebral regional saturations were significantly higher after birth in the norepinephrine group than in the ephedrine group (mean difference: 2.0%, 95% CI: 0.55%–3.45%, P = 0.008).

Conclusion:
In patients undergoing elective cesarean section with spinal anesthesia, norepinephrine infusion compared to ephedrine bolus resulted in less hypotension and tachycardia, and exhibited potential neonatal benefits.

Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02542748; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02542748