bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravity cells as a necessary link in string theory. Energy and vibration frequency of gravitational strings. Obtaining formulas for determining the gravitational constant and the mass of an electron through fundamental physical constants.
Authors: Chernov Andrey 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, a new concept is introduced - gravitational cells. The body of a black hole consists of a huge number of such cells. This hypothesis from particle physics has been organically built into string theory. As a result of this addition, using the Schwarzschild radius formula and the Coulomb formula, a formula for the gravitational constant in the region of black holes was obtained on the basis of two fundamental constants: the speed of light and elementary charge. Its value has been determined, and the value of the usual gravitational constant has been confirmed. In this study, the mass of the gravitational cell of a black hole was obtained. The introduction of the hypothesis of gravitational cells into string theory made it possible to apply Planck's formula to gravitational interaction. As a result, a formula for the energy of a gravitational quantum and a formula for the vibrational velocity of a gravitational string were obtained. On this basis, the formula for the mass of the electron was obtained and its value was calculated, which coincided with the experimental mass of the electron. The exact minimum distance of the gravitational interaction was determined by the formula for the vibrational velocity of the gravitational string. This calculated minimum distance completely coincided with the known experimental data obtained when determining the Casimir effect (force).
Mitochondrial membrane proteins and VPS35 orchestrate selective removal of mtDNA.
Authors: Pla-Martin David , Sen Ayesha , Kallabis Sebastian , Nüchel Julian , Maliphol Kanjanamas , Hofmann Julia , Krüger Markus , Wiesner Rudolf 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Integrity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), encoding several subunits of the respiratory chain, is essential to maintain mitochondrial fitness. Mitochondria, as a central hub for metabolism, are affected in a wide variety of human diseases but also during normal ageing, where mtDNA integrity is compromised. Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms work at different levels, and mitophagy and its variants are critical to remove dysfunctional mitochondria together with mtDNA to maintain cellular homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms governing a selective turnover of mutation-bearing mtDNA without affecting the entire mitochondrial pool is fundamental to design therapeutic strategies against mtDNA diseases and ageing. Here we show that mtDNA depletion after expressing a dominant negative version of the mitochondrial helicase Twinkle, or by chemical means, is due to an exacerbated mtDNA turnover. Targeting of nucleoids is controlled by Twinkle which, together with the mitochondrial transmembrane proteins ATAD3 and SAMM50, orchestrate mitochondrial membrane remodeling to form extrusions. mtDNA removal depends on autophagy and requires the vesicular trafficking protein VPS35 which binds to Twinkle-enriched mitochondrial subcompartments upon mtDNA damage. Stimulation of autophagy by rapamycin selectively removes mtDNA deletions which accumulated during muscle regeneration in vivo, but without affecting mtDNA copy number. With these results we unveil a new complex mechanism specifically targeting and removing mutant mtDNA which occurs outside the mitochondrial network. We reveal the molecular targets involved in a process with multiple potential benefits against human mtDNA related diseases, either inherited, acquired or due to normal ageing.
Assessment of Spatial And Temporal Water Quality Distribution of Lake Ludas, Serbia
Authors: Horvat Zoltan , Horvat Mirjana , Pastor Kristian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This work presents the analysis of both spatial and temporal water quality distribution of Lake Ludas in the Republic of Serbia using water quality data from 2011 to 2018 at three different locations. By including a set of standard methods, we reduced the initial 15 water quality parameters to 7 parameters representative for the upcoming temporal and spatial considerations. The selected parameters were subject to a series of tests such as spatial and temporal analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to present the variation of the measurements most efficiently and identify spatial and temporal tendencies. The PCA was expanded by the utilization of biplots providing a more comprehensive understanding of the measurements. Finally, the overall state of the lake's quality was evaluated using the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index method for each sampling location, both annually and for the overall time interval, and as one representative value for the whole lake. The presented research lead to several conclusions, including the need for more detailed future measurements. It was shown that a reasonable monitoring approach leading to reliable conclusions should include much denser data in space and time. Furthermore, the necessity of three sampling locations remains relevant. In fact, it would be preferred to have a shorter list of monitored variables covering denser time and space data acquisition than having more diverse quality parameter evaluation at fever locations or temporally sporadic measurements.
Are Fractures To The Bony Cage Protecting the Abdomen Associated with Splenectomy in Cases of Abdominal Trauma? A Cohort Study
Authors: Banker Amay , Wärnberg Martin Gerdin , Gadgil Anita , Sarang Bhakti , Prajapati Ramlal , Soni Kapildev , Khajanchi Monty 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

The spleen is protected by the ribs anteriorly, the vertebral column posteriorly and the pelvis inferiorly. Fractures to this bony cage may indicate a high-grade splenic injury necessitating splenectomy. We aim to determine whether fractures to the bony cage protecting the abdomen are associated with splenectomy.
Methods

We performed a subgroup analysis of patients with splenic injury from a prospective trauma registry study named ‘Towards Improved Trauma Care Outcomes’ (TITCO) in India. Out of the 16047 patients enrolled in the TITCO study, 267 patients with splenic injury were included. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi square test and logistic regression was used to assess the significance of continuous variables. A multivariate analysis was performed on the factors deemed clinically most significant.
Results

Patients with a higher grade of splenic injury were more likely to require splenectomy when adjusted for other variables (p value < 0.05). Patients with fractures to the vertebrae or pelvis had reduced odds of splenectomy on unadjusted analysis [Odds ratio 0.43 (0.19–0.94)], but this was not significant when adjusted for other variables.
Conclusion

In contradiction to our initial hypothesis, we found that fractures to the bony cage protecting the abdomen were not significantly associated with the splenectomy.
Study on Damage Evolution Mechanism of Rock-Soil Mass of Accumulation Slope Based on Shaking Table Test
Authors: Yang Changwei , Tong Xinhao , Zhang Zhifang , Ma Sujian , Zhang Liang , Lian Jing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To investigate the seismic dynamic characteristics of the accumulation slope, a slope of the Zheduo Mountain tunnel along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway in China was selected as the prototype, based on dimensional analysis and similarity principle, two groups of model tests were carried out at 50° accumulation slope and 60° accumulation slope to obtain the dynamic response influenced by different amplitude of seismic wave. A transfer function analysis method suitable for shaking table test is proposed. Based on the data pretreatment method of eliminating trend terms and digital filter, the frequency response function was calculated by method of average periodic chart. And the variation of frequency response function was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient. At last, the least square iteration method was used for modal analysis. It is found that the transfer function changes obviously when both the slopes are destroyed, the weak interlayer has a significant influence on seismic wave transmission. The modal analysis results show that with the increase of the excitation intensity, the natural frequency decreases and the damping ratio increases.
Phytoremediation of Uranium-Contaminated Soil by Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.) Enhanced with Citric Acid Application
Authors: Rong Lishan , Zhang Shiqi , Wang Jiali , Li Shiyou , Xie Shuibo , Wang Guohua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was planted in uranium-contaminated soil mixture (river sand and vermiculite mixed with equal volume ratio) supplemented with different amounts of citric acid (0, 1, 5, and 10 mmol/kg) and divided into 4 treatments (Con+0, Con+1, Con+5, and Con+10) to investigate the effects of citric acid concentrations on the remediation efficiency and enhanced mechanism of perennial ryegrass in the lab. The uranium content in the plant tissues showed that the roots were the predominant tissue for uranium accumulation, and the subcellular distributions of uranium in the root cells was in the order: cell wall fraction > cytosol fraction > organelle fraction. However, in the shoot cells the order was cell wall fraction > organelle fraction > cytosol fraction. In this study, the optimal concentration of citric acid added was 5 mmol/kg, and the removal efficiency of U in the shoots and roots increased by 47.37% and 30.10% respectively. The treatment with 5 mmol/kg citric acid had the highest contents of photosynthetic pigment and soluble protein, the highest activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the lowest content of MDA (malondialdehyde) and relative electrical conductivity. Moreover, the damage to the cell ultrastructure of perennial ryegrass observed by TEM (transmission electron microscope) was significantly alleviated when 5 mmol/kg citric acid was added. All results indicate that perennial ryegrass can accumulate uranium with elevated uranium tolerance and enrichment ability when 5 mmol/kg citric acid is added under uranium stress. These results suggest that citric acid has significant effects on improving the uranium phytoremediation potential of perennial ryegrass.
Social Learning Class Topper Optimization (SL-CTO) Based Hop Localization Technique for Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: MOHANTA TAPAN KUMAR , Das Dushmanta Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To address the current situation limitation of traditional DV-Hop, we suggested a DV-Hop localization based on a rectification factor using the Social Learning Class Topper Optimization (SL - CTO) algorithm in that paper. In order to adjust the number of hops between beacon nodes, we have implemented a rectification factor in the suggested method. By measuring the dimensions of all the beacons at dumb nodes, the suggested algorithm decreases communication among unknown or dumb and beacon nodes. The model of network imbalance, It is often considered to be demonstrate a applicability of the Proposed approach in the anisotropic network. Simulations have been performed on LabVIEW@2015, and Comparisons were made with conventional DV-Hop, particle swarm optimization-based DV-Hop and runner-root optimization-based DV-Hop for our proposed algorithm. In comparison to current localization methods, simulation outcomes showed that the proposed localization technique reduces computing time, localization error variance and localization error.
Favorable Preoperative Exocrine Function Evaluated by 13C Trioctanoin Breath Test is a Significant Physiological Predictor of Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki , Asano Yukio , Ito Masahiro , Kawabe Norihiko , Arakawa Satoshi , Shimura Masahiro , Koike Daisuke , Hayashi Chihiro , Kamio Kenshiro , Kawai Toki , Ochi Takayuki , Yasuoka Hironobu , Higashiguchi Takahiko , Tochii Daisuke , Kondo Yuka , Nagata Hidetoshi , Utsumi Toshiaki , Horiguchi Akihiko 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aim

The association between the pancreatic fistula (PF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and preoperative exocrine function has yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between the preoperative results of 13C-trioctanoin breath test and occurrence of PF, showing the clinical relevancy of the breath test to predict the PF.
Method

In the present study, the subject were 80 patients who underwent 13C trioctanoin breath test prior to PD from 2006 to 2018. We conducted the uni- and multivariate analyses to reveal the preoperative predictor of PF, showing the association of the 13C trioctanoin absorption and incidence of PF.
Results:

Among 80 patients (Age:68.0+/-11.9, male/female:46/34, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: PDAC/non-PDAC: 30/50), the incidence of PF is 12.5% (10/80). When we compared the levels of 13C trioctanoin absorption between PF and non-PF group, preoperative fat absorption level is significantly higher than in the PF group than in the non-PF group (41.2+/-5.9 vs. 33.9+/-8.1, p = 0.019). Moreover, optimal cut-off value of the preoperative fat absorption level to predict PF was 38.0 (sensitivity:90%, specificity:74%, AUC:0.78, p = 0.005). Indeed, the incidence of PF was extremely higher in the patients whose value of breath test was greater than 38.0 (33%, 9/27) compared to the patients with those less than 38.0 (1.8%, 1/53).
Conclusion

Favorable preoperative fat absorption evaluated by 13C trioctanoin breath test is a feasible and objective predictor of PF after PD.
Origins And Processes of Groundwater Salinization Beneath Playa Lake Aquifers In Iran: A Chemical And Stable Isotope Approach
Authors: Mirzavand Mohammad , Ghazban Fereydoun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Groundwater salinization and interaction between Playa Lake and regional groundwater was investigated using multi-chemo-isotopic evidences. Forty groundwater and 26 Kashan Playa Lake (KPL) water samples collected and analyzed for their geochemical compositions. The evolution of hydrochemical facies in Kashan Plain Aquifer (KPA) to KPL is Ca-HCO3 (19%), Mix Ca-Cl (9%), Ca-Cl (17%), and Mix Na-Cl and Na-Cl (55%). Also, the Hydrochemical Facies Evolution Diagram (HFE-D) proposed cation exchange as the main process of salinization in KPA. Based on the binary hydrogeochemical diagrams of (Na+/ Cl-)/Cl-, (Ca2++Mg2+)/HCO3-+SO42-, and Cl/Br, dissolution of halite and gypsum in the Miocene marlstone in the KPA is the main source of salinity. The isotopic composition δ18O in aquifer and playa water samples varies from -10.03 to 7.03‰ (VSMOW) with an average of -6.95 ‰ and -60.73 to 25.08 ‰ with average of -45.82 ‰ for δ2H. Based on the result, the relation between δ18O and δ2H, and δ18O and Br, approve discharge of saline water from KPA to KPL. Likewise, the isotopic composition of δ34SO4, varies from 5.95 to 22.55 ‰ CDT in KPA, and 5.95 to 9.99 ‰ CDT in KPL. Also, the relation between δ18O- δ34SSO4 and Cl- δ34S were non-linear, indicating that sulphur concentration in KPA and KPL changed due to sulphide oxidation and sulphate reduction in the freshwater and deep brines in the aquifer and mixed during the over-pumping in the KPA. Oxidation of sulphide minerals such as galena (PbS), and Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) may have been the source of sulfur in Dore mine in western part of the aquifer (recharge zone) leached by seasonal runoff. In general, water–rock interaction, ion exchange, and hydraulic gradient have been the dominating factors in changing the water chemistry between aquifer and playa leading to saline groundwater discharged to the playa.
Activated Carbon (AC) Supported Nickel-Nanoparticles Prepared By Solid-Phase Method For Dry Reforming of Methane--Effect of Different Activated Carbons (ACs)
Authors: Li Longzhi , Chen Jian , Bai Yonghui , Song Zhanlong , Zou Guifu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In order to inhibit the apparent metal agglomeration and carbon deposition of the catalysts during the dry reforming of methane (DRM), the nickel nanoparticles supported over different types of activated carbon (AC) are synthesized by the solid-phase method. The main purpose of the work is to reveal the correlation of the support properties on the catalyst activity, and explore the effect of the support properties on the enhancem;ent of catalyst performance in the reforming process. The results show that the catalyst using AC1 as the support has the more uniform metal dispersion and form the least nickel nanoparticles of 4.11 nm, due to higher carbon content and the more developed surface area of AC1. It is also found that the catalyst prepared using AC1 shows high catalytic activity and long-term stability. Moreover, the catalyst of Ni/AC1 presents a self-enhancement of catalytic activity in the reforming process and promotes the conversion rates of CH4 and CO2 to 94.1% and 96.5%, respectively over 12 h. No obvious metal agglomeration is existed on the catalyst of Ni/AC1 after the reforming testing of 12 h. Meanwhile, the carbon deposit has little effect on catalytic performance, and metal agglomeration is the main affecting catalytic performance. In addition, the syngas generated using Ni/AC1 has a favorable H2/CO ratio of 1.
Induction of Micronuclei, Cellular Stress Response, and DNA Strand Breakage in Two Common Fish Species From Rivers and Reservoirs in Ilorin, Nigeria.
Authors: Anifowoshe Abass Toba , Oladipo Segun Olayinka , Oyinloye Arinola N , Opute Augusta , Odofin Edward , Aiki Omotola , Abdulrahim Moshood Y , Akinseye Kehinde Monica , Abdulkareem Saratu Iyabode , Iyiola Oluyinka A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Indiscriminate discharge of home, agricultural, and industrial wastes into water bodies, most rivers and reservoirs around the world are becoming polluted. The ecotoxicological potential of this in fish species gathered from important reservoirs and rivers in Ilorin, Nigeria, was explored in this study. Unilorin reservoir, Asa reservoir, Apodu reservoir, Asa river (Unity), and Asa river (Unity) water samples were collected and physicochemical characteristics were investigated at five distinct sites: Unilorin reservoir, Asa reservoir, Apodu reservoir, Asa river (Unity), and Asa river (Unity) (Harmony). In Tilapia zillii and Clarias gariepinus, we measured serum biochemical (AST, ALT, ALP, serum ALB), histopathological (gills, lungs), and serum antioxidant enzyme responses (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GST) as a biomarker for oxidative stress, while micronucleus and comet assays were used to detect DNA damage. Except for DO, which was very low in the two rivers, the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals evaluated in the five separate water bodies were within the allowed levels of the NSDWQ and WHO standard for drinking water. In comparison to the Unilorin, Apodu, and Asa reservoirs, a slight increase in Pb was observed across the five sampling sites, which could contribute to increased biochemical and haematological profiles, histopathological lesions in the gill and lungs, inductions of MN, NA, and DNA single strand break in T. zillii and C. gariepinus collected from Asa rivers. This could be due to the indiscriminate dumping of effluents from adjacent industries, agricultural wastes, and household wastes into rivers.
Research on SSDF Attack Detection Algorithm in Cognitive Internet of Things
Authors: Liu Miao , Yu Di , Huo Zhuo-Miao , Sun Zhen-Xing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new paradigm for connecting various heterogeneous networks.cognitive radio (CR) adopts cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) to realize the secondary utilization of idle spectrum by unauthorized IoT devices,so that IoT objects can effectively use spectrum resources.However, the abnormal IoT devices in the cognitive Internet of Things will disrupt the CSS process. For this attack, we propose a spectrum sensing strategy based on the weighted combining of the Hidden Markov Model. In this method, Hidden Markov Model is used to detect the probability of malicious attack of each node and report it to the fusion center (FC). FC allocates a reasonable weight value according to the evaluation of the submitted observation results to improve the accuracy of the sensing results.Simulation results show that the detection performance of spectrum sensing data forgery(SSDF) attack in cognitive Internet of Things is better than that of K rank criterion in hard combining.
Frequency/Laplace Domain Methods for Computing Transient Responses of Fractional Oscillators
Authors: Cao Qianying , Hu Sau-Lon James , Li Huajun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Although computing the transient response of fractional oscillators, characterized by second-order differential equations with fractional derivatives for the damping term, to external loadings has been studied, most existing methodologies have dealt with cases with either restricted fractional orders or simple external loadings. In this paper, considering complicated irregular loadings acting on oscillators with any fractional order between 0 and 1, efficient frequency/Laplace domain methods for getting transient responses are developed. The proposed methods are based on pole-residue operations. In the frequency domain approach, "artificial" poles located along the imaginary axis of complex plane are designated. In the Laplace domain approach, the "true" poles are extracted through two phases: (1) a discrete impulse response function (IRF) is produced by taking the inverse Fourier transform of the corresponding frequency response function (FRF) that is readily obtained from the exact TF, and (2) a complex exponential signal decomposition method, i.e., the Prony-SS method, is invoked to extract the poles and residues. Once the poles/residues of the system are known, those of the response can be determined by simple pole-residue operations. Sequentially, the response time history is readily obtained. Two fractional oscillators with rational and irrational derivatives, respectively, subjected to sinusoidal and complicated earthquake loading are presented to illustrate the procedure and verify the correctness of the proposed method. The verification is conducted by comparing the results from both the Laplace and the frequency domain approaches with those from the numerical Duhamel integral method.
WITHDRAWN: Neural Networks with the Correlative Layer for Multi-label Classiﬁcation
Authors: Liang Lixin , Shen Yongan , Lin Lin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Multi-label classification is a very significant but challenging task. Correlation between labels often exists, so recent works have paid much attention to using the correlation between labels to improve the classification performance. However, how to effectively learn the correlation is still a problem.
In this paper, a general framework, i.e., the neural network with the correlative layer (CLNN), is proposed, where the correlative layer is used to express the dependencies between labels. Different from existing work, CLNN first trains a neural network without the correlative layer to obtain rough classification results and then trains the whole neural network to adaptively adjust all the weights including those of the correlation layer. Thus CLNN could learn both positive/negative and strong/weak relationships between labels. We test CLNN with three typical neural networks, and experimental results show that neural network can achieve better performance by adding the correlative layer, which demonstrates that the CLNN framework is very effective.