bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous SiO2‐coated ultrasmall selenium particles nanospheres attenuate cerulein‐induce acute pancreatitis in mice by downregulating oxidative stress
Authors: Fan Jun Jie , Mei Qi Xiang , Deng Guo Ying , Huang Ze Hua , Fu Yang , Hu Jun Hui , Huang Chun Lan , Lu Ying Ying , Lu Lun Gen , Wang Xing Peng , Zeng Yue 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential therapeutic role of porous SiO2‐coated ultrasmall selenium particles nanospheres (Se@SiO2 nanospheres) pretreatment in acute pancreatitis (AP) and to investigate the related mechanism.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were randomized to the normal control (CON) group, the AP (induced by cerulein injection) (CAE) group, and AP pretreated with Se@SiO2 nanocomposites at 1 and 2 mg/kg (CAE + 1 or 2 mg/kg Se@SiO2) groups, respectively. Serum levels of amylase and lipase, inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐6, IL‐1β and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐α), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) were measured, and histopathology was performed to examine the tissue samples of the pancreas, lungs, kidneys and liver. Immunofluorescence assay of reactive oxygen species (ROS), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling were conducted, and levels of MPO, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione were evaluated. Finally, Western blot analysis was used to evaluate protein expressions of Nrf2, HO‐1, NQO1, TLR4, MyD88 and p‐p65 in pancreatic tissue.ResultsSe@SiO2 nanospheres alleviated pathological damage to the pancreas, and reduced pancreatic enzymes and inflammatory cytokines. Injury to other organs such as the liver, lungs and kidneys was also alleviated, as indicated by decreased ALT, AST, BUN, and Cr levels as well as improved histopathology. Moreover, Se@SiO2 nanospheres reduced oxidative stress, and ultimately inhibited TLR4/ MyD88/p‐p65 pathway and increased the protein expressions of NQO1, Nrf2, and HO‐1.ConclusionSe@SiO2 nanospheres may alleviate AP by relieving oxidative stress and targeting the TLR4/Myd88/p‐p65 and NQO1/Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways.
Does the use of exotic and native tree species in rehabilitation attract birds equally? The case of Golden Pride Gold Mine, Tanzania
Authors: Werema Chacha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn mining areas, habitat rehabilitation is increasingly being used to minimise biodiversity loss and restore areas of natural habitat. In some mining areas, both exotic and native tree species are used in rehabilitation. For the most part, the effectiveness of using both native and exotic plant species in rehabilitation to attract avifauna is not known. Using a fixed‐radius point‐count method to sample birds, this study assessed the extent to which sites rehabilitated with exotic plant species attracted local avifauna compared to sites rehabilitated with native plant species, as well as to the unaffected surrounding woodlands. Rehabilitation dominated by exotic species had a lower density of bird species and individuals, lower relative abundance and lower species diversity compared with sites rehabilitated by native plant species and the surrounding woodlands. The results suggest that the use of exotic plant species, L. leucocephala, should be avoided in rehabilitation. Therefore, for restoration purposes it is desirable to use native tree species in rehabilitation rather than exotic tree species.
Trans‐oral robotic surgery: a safe and effective tool in head and neck surgery in an Australian rural setting
Authors: Huang Johnson , Phillips Nicholas , Nightingale James , Kondalsamy‐Chennakesavan Srinivas , Grigg Roger , Mahendran Suresh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTrans‐oral robotic surgery (TORS) facilitates surgical resection of tumours as an alternative to open surgery and has demonstrated favourable oncological results. Given the novelty of TORS and the paucity of evidence on TORS‐specific complications in a rural setting, we report our experience with TORS at an Australian rural head and neck centre.MethodsA retrospective review of all robotic cases performed at a regional head and neck centre in Queensland was undertaken from 2014 to 2019. Patient demographics, pre‐operative surgical risk, complications and outcomes such as margins and cancer recurrence were recorded. Complications were graded based on the Clavien‐Dindo grading system. Descriptive statistics were used to present patient characteristics and statistical analyses were performed using Stata.ResultsForty‐two TORS surgeries were performed. Twenty‐one had histology confirming malignancy. There were no adverse intraoperative effects. Overall, seven patients (16.7%) had at least one complication. Four were recorded as a Clavien‐Dindo 3b (post‐operative bleed, wound infection and drain dislodgment). Of two cases with residual positive margins, one declined further surgery, and another received chemoradiotherapy. One patient recurred with distant metastatic disease, and another had locoregional nodal recurrence. The distribution of complications was significant across the pre‐operative risk categories for both American Society of Anaesthesiologists and surgical risk score (P = 0.02).ConclusionTORS in a rural head and neck centre is a safe and viable treatment option for patients so long as this is undertaken with appropriate training, mentorship and teamwork.
Cosmetic outcomes following wide local excision of impalpable breast cancer: is radioguided occult lesion localization using iodine‐125 seeds better than hookwire localization?
Authors: Preuss James , Nezich Rikki , Lester Leanne , Poh Shawn , Saunders Christobel , Taylor Donna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundHookwire localization (HWL) is the gold standard for localizing impalpable tumours for breast conserving surgery. An alternative technique, radioguided occult lesion localization using iodine‐125 seeds (ROLLIS), has been associated with lower re‐excision rates. This paper investigates if cosmetic outcomes differ in women undergoing breast conserving surgery with HWL or ROLLIS.MethodsWomen who had ROLLIS or HWL guided excision for impalpable breast cancer within a multicentre randomized controlled trial (RCT) (ANZCTR 12613000655741) were recruited. Exclusions were level 2 oncoplasty and mastectomy. Cosmetic outcome was calculated using BCCT.core, the Hopwood Body Image Scale and estimated percentage breast volume excised. Chi‐squared analysis was used to determine the difference between the intervention groups.ResultsAnalysis was performed for 123 participants (66 ROLLIS and 57 HWL). The cosmetic outcome determined by BCCT.core for all participants was good with no significant difference between the ROLLIS and HWL groups. When reviewing the number of patients who experienced either a good or excellent result, there was a significantly higher number of patients in the ROLLIS group (n = 53, 82%) compared to the HWL group (n = 42, 74%, P = 0.02. There were no differences in Hopwood Body Image Scale or estimated percentage breast volume excised between groups. There was a reduction in the frequency of re‐excision in the ROLLIS group (n = 3, 4.5%) versus HWL group (n = 8, 14%); however, this was not significant (P = 0.06).ConclusionPre‐operative localization of impalpable breast lesions using either ROLLIS or HWL resulted in a good cosmetic outcome with no significant difference between localization techniques.
Establishing a novel method for assessing elasticity of internal anal sphincter using ultrasonic real‐time tissue elastography
Authors: Fukui Risa , Sasaki Kazuhito , Kawai Kazushige , Taira Tetsuro , Nozawa Hiroaki , Kaneko Manabu , Murono Koji , Emoto Shigenobu , Iida Yuuki , Ishii Hiroaki , Yokoyama Yuichiro , Anzai Hiroyuki , Sonoda Hirofumi , Ishihara Soichiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvaluating anorectal function using real‐time tissue elastography (RTE) has not been reported. A previous study reported that in the internal anal sphincter (IAS) of surgical specimens of patients with rectal cancer who underwent abdominoperineal resection, there was an increased fibrosis trend in those who underwent pre‐operative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) compared with non‐CRT. We speculated that CRT might have induced sclerosis of the IAS because of fibrosis. Therefore, we aimed to establish a method of quantitating the degree of IAS hardness using RTE on endoanal ultrasonography.MethodsRTE was performed with freehand manual compression under a defined pressure at the middle anal canal. Using the most compressive point in the strain graph, we traced the region of interest in the IAS. The strain histogram showed a frequency distribution of colours according to the degree of strain (numeric scan ranging from 0 to 255; smaller number indicated harder tissue). We defined the mean of the strain histogram as ‘elasticity’. Ten patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent pre‐operative CRT were prospectively enrolled. We statistically evaluated the correlation between IAS elasticity and maximum resting pressure (MRP) values both at pre‐ and post‐CRT. MRP was examined concurrently with the examination of IAS elasticity.ResultsRepresentativity of elasticity measurements was demonstrated. It revealed a trend: IAS elasticity had a moderate inverse correlation with MRP (r = 0.41, P = 0.07), regardless of whether measurements were made before or after CRT.ConclusionWe established a completely novel method for the assessment of elasticity of the IAS, using RTE on endoanal ultrasonography.
Radiological assessment of facial fractures: a comparative study between surgeon and radiologist
Authors: Burlak Kateryna , Shukla Lipi , Kavnoudias Helen , Schoenwaelder Mark , Morgan David , Ramakrishnan Anand 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe authors aimed to examine the differences in CT facial bone interpretation by the faciomaxillary surgeon and the radiologist, in order to improve communication gaps and subsequently, the quality and consistency of patient care.MethodsThis study was conducted at a level I tertiary trauma centre. Patients with facial trauma who were referred to the faciomaxillary unit following a facial CT examination from August 2017 to September 2018 were eligible for inclusion. The inclusion period was extended to 5 years for panfacial trauma patients. All consecutive patients that fulfilled the study inclusion criteria for each type of injury were included in the study (a total of 120 patients assigned to the following six categories: orbits, skull and skull base, zygomaticomaxillary complex, Le Fort pattern, mandible and pan‐facial fractures). Faciomaxillary surgeons, blinded to the radiology report, were asked to provide a verbal description of the fractures. The surgical interpretation was compared to the radiology report and further analysed.ResultsOf the 120 cases, the same fractures were reported in 43 cases (35.8%). Both types of specialists noted the predominant and clinically relevant fractures in 106 cases (88.3%). The reports did not match in 14 cases (11.7%) and different terminology was used in 76 cases (63.3%), with agreement in 25% (95% CI: 18–34%), partial agreement in 11.7% (95% CI: 5.9–17.4%) and no agreement in 63.3% (95% CI: 54.7–72.0%) cases.ConclusionRadiologists and faciomaxillary surgeons frequently differ in their assessment of facial fractures.
Blinatumomab following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation – a novel approach for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in infants
Authors: Popov Alexander , Fominikh Veronika , Mikhailova Ekaterina , Shelikhova Larisa , Tsaur Grigory , Abugova Yulia , Zerkalenkova Elena , Olshanskaya Yulia , Balashov Dmitry , Novichkova Galina , Maschan Alexey , Miakova Natalia 
Published: April 2021

SummaryBlinatumomab with subsequent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation was applied in 13 infants with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Eight patients were treated in first remission due to slow clearance of minimal residual disease (MRD); one for MRD‐reappearance after long MRD negativity, one for primary refractory disease and three during relapse treatment. In slow MRD responders, complete MRD response was achieved prior to transplantation, with an 18‐month event‐free survival of 75%. In contrast, only one of five patients with relapsed/refractory ALL is still in complete remission. These data provide a basis for future studies of immunotherapy in very high‐risk infant ALL.
Mind the gap: Parental and professional perceptions of ‘risk’ for children living in poverty
Authors: Yona Lital , Nadan Yochay 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article explores the perceptions and constructions of child risk and protection for children growing up in poverty, from the perspective of parents and social workers serving them, in an impoverished neighbourhood in Israel. Of the 50 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews conducted overall, 35 were with parents and 15 with social workers employed by the neighbourhood's social services department. The analysis yielded three themes: The first focuses on the social services' involvement in the neighbourhood. While social workers viewed the social service agency's location within the neighbourhood as positive, offering the opportunity to build a close relationship with the local population, some parents experienced this proximity as intrusive. The second theme deals with gaps in perceptions of help: Whereas parents felt that they needed material assistance, social workers preferred to offer therapeutic assistance. The third theme relates to the child‐at‐risk label, with diverging perspectives between social workers and parents regarding the extent to which living in a poor neighbourhood places a family at risk. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating anti‐oppressive and poverty‐aware paradigms in social work practice and education.
Simultaneous low‐salt dyeing and anti‐bacterial finishing of cotton fabric with reactive dye and N‐halamine
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Yan , Liu Ying , Ren Xuehong , Huang Tung‐Shi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA reactive dye, Novacron Deep Orange S‐4R, and an anti‐bacterial precursor, 4‐(4‐(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidinol)‐6‐chloro‐1,3,5‐triazinylamino)‐benzenesulphonate, both of which are monohalogenated‐s‐triazine–based compounds, were chosen for the simultaneous dyeing and anti‐bacterial finishing of cotton fabric. To effectively reduce the emissions of pollutants and the dosage of sodium sulphate added during dyeing and finishing, a cationisation reagent, 2,3‐epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, was used to modify cotton fabric before dyeing and finishing. The cationised cotton fabrics obtained 0.18% active chlorine loadings and good dye depth after the simultaneous dyeing and finishing process with low addition of sodium sulphate. The chlorinated fabrics inactivated all inoculated Staphylococcus aureus (Gram‐positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram‐negative) within 10 minutes of contact. The treated cotton fabric maintained high breaking strength as well as good washing stability.
Promoting mother‐infant relationships and underlying neural correlates: Results from a randomized controlled trial of a home‐visiting program for adolescent mothers in Brazil
Authors: Alarcão Fernanda Speggiorin Pereira , Shephard Elizabeth , Fatori Daniel , Amável Renata , Chiesa Anna , Fracolli Lislaine , Matijasevich Alicia , Brentani Helena , Nelson Charles A. , Leckman James , Miguel Eurípedes Constantino , Polanczyk Guilherme V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPoverty and teenage pregnancy are common in low‐and‐middle‐income countries and can impede the development of healthy parent‐child relationships. This study aimed to test whether a home‐visiting intervention could improve early attachment relationships between adolescent mothers and their infants living in poverty in Brazil. Analyses were conducted on secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial (NCT0280718) testing the efficacy of a home‐visiting program, Primeiros Laços, on adolescent mothers’ health and parenting skills and their infants’ development. Pregnant youth were randomized to intervention (n = 40) or care‐as‐usual (CAU, n = 40) from the first trimester of pregnancy until infants were aged 24 months. Mother‐infant attachment was coded during a mother‐infant interaction when the infants were aged 12 months. Electrophysiological correlates of social processing (mean amplitude of the Nc component) were measured while infants viewed facial images of the mother and a stranger at age 6 months. Infants in the intervention group were more securely attached and more involved with their mothers than those receiving CAU at 12 months. Smaller Nc amplitudes to the mother's face at 6 months were associated with better social behavior at 12 months. Our findings indicate that the Primeiros Laços Program is effective in enhancing the development of mother‐infant attachment.
Unions and compensating wage differentials for workplace accident risk: the English and Welsh railway industry, 1902–12†
Authors: Anderson Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe effect of unions on workers’ wage premiums for accepting on‐the‐job accident risk is a prominent subset of compensating differentials research. This article contributes to the literature by using a newly‐constructed balanced panel of railwaymen working in the traffic departments of three prominent Edwardian railway companies with operations in England and Wales. It avoids previous issues of endogeneity by controlling for a number of variables correlated with the risk rates, notably individual fixed effects. The results show that the largest railway union of the time, the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants, was able to transform growing union density into power that increased wage premiums for fatal accident risk, although railwaymen's wages did not compensate them for non‐fatal accident risk. This article also considers how this relationship differed by varying levels of company‐specific human capital as measured by tenure. It finds a non‐linear relationship for both risk rates across the tenure cohorts.
International gender equity in soil science
Authors: Dawson Lorna , Brevik Eric C. , Reyes‐Sánchez Laura B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that diversity is a concern in soil science, including how this relates to gender equity. However, gender equity data for soil science are extremely limited, with only the USA having a current relatively extensive study published in the scientific literature. Therefore, this study was undertaken to gain a preliminary understanding of gender equity issues in a range of countries worldwide using the gender data of membership of national soil science societies, international conferences and journals. Data for 2020 membership was supplied by 44 soil science societies, providing a broad geographic representation. Thirty‐seven of the 44 societies had more male members than female. Only 32% of the soil science society members were women, although the highest percentage for an individual society was 69% female membership. Regionally, Asia had the lowest female membership at 22%, whereas Africa had the highest at 40%. Only 20% of the national soil science societies who are members of the International Union of Soil Sciences had female presidents, indicating that women are under‐represented in the top leadership roles in our professional societies. Women were under‐represented as keynote speakers at conferences and on many editorial boards. This initial scoping study demonstrates that there is an urgent global need to address gender equity within the soil science profession. However, gender equity extends beyond just the number of women in our profession: it also includes equal access to wages, leadership roles and decision making. We conclude that it is critical that individual countries undertake detailed studies of gender equity so we have a more complete picture of the national and international scale of this issue.Highlights
There is still gender inequity in soil science
Soil science is a male‐dominated field in most countries worldwide
Gender equity is critical to advancing the discipline of soil science
There is a need for comprehensive national studies of gender equity
Equity includes many issues beyond just equality in numbers of men and women in the profession.
Prevalence of COVID‐19 and seroprevalence to SARS‐CoV‐2 in a rheumatologic patient population from a tertiary referral clinic in Israel
Authors: Eviatar Tali , Elalouf Ofir , Furer Victoria , Goldstein‐Lahat Yael , Paran Yael , Pel Sara , Nevo Sharon , Zisapel Michael , Alcalay Yifat , Elkayam Ori 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear if the prevalence of COVID‐19 in rheumatologic patients is similar to that of the general population. There are no reports of seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in these patients.AimsTo investigate prevalence of COVID‐19 cases and seroprevalence among rheumatologic patients and the risk factors for infection.MethodsA cross‐sectional study in a rheumatologic population. An online questionnaire was sent on 31 April 2020. Blood samples from 20% sample of patients were drawn for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies.Patients were divided based on autoimmune (AI) diagnosis. Prevalence of COVID‐19 by nasopharyngeal swab and by serology (seroprevalence) was compared to national data. Risk factors for infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 were assessed.ResultsThe study group included 1204 patients, 74.5% had an AI diagnosis. The prevalence of COVID‐19 was 0.16% in the rheumatologic patient population and 0.22% in the AI group, which was not different from prevalence in Israel on 4 May 2020 (0.18%, P = 0.912 and P = 0.759 respectively). Serologic tests were performed in 242 patients, of which five were found positive pointing to a seroprevalence of 2.07%. Exposure to a known COVID‐19 patient was the only significant risk factor for being positive by swab or by serology. AI diagnosis, immunosuppression, corticosteroid, hydroxychloroquine did not influence the risk.ConclusionsThe prevalence of COVID‐19 in a population of rheumatologic patients was similar to that of the general population. Mild/asymptomatic cases may be prevalent according to serologic tests. The major risk factor for infection is exposure to a known case of COVID‐19, and immunosuppression did not play a role in the risk of infection.
Aggressive patient behaviours and unplanned nursing staff leave – is there an association?
Authors: Yu Jenny Jia , Holbeach Edwina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMental health nurses are exposed to high levels of aggressive and challenging patient behaviours. This can cause stress and burnout which is associated with poor staff, patient, and organization outcomes, including unplanned nursing staff leave (UNSL). This study explores the correlation between a patient behaviour tool (RAGE), variations of which are frequently used in mental health and psychogeriatric nursing, and the staff outcome of UNSL. The study is reported according to the STROBE Statement for reporting of observational studies. RAGE scores and ward characteristics were recorded weekly for 26 weeks on an Australian metropolitan psychogeriatric ward and correlated with UNSL for the same week and the following week (allowing for any ‘lag effect’ behaviours may have on leave). There was a moderate negative correlation between mean RAGE score and UNSL for the same week (r = −0.34) and no correlation the following week (r = 0.08). Similarly, there was low to no correlation between ward characteristics and UNSL. The trends seen in this exploratory study should be further interrogated in adequately powered future studies. UNSL is likely influenced by complex factors including staff experience, coping mechanism, and specific patient behaviours such as physical or verbal aggression and whether the behaviours resulted in injury, which should be included in future studies. The novel strategy of utilizing patient‐centred tools to predict staff outcomes is feasible and warrants further exploration.