bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of human milk and other neonatal variables on lung function at three months corrected age
Authors: Beretta Francesco , Lavizzari Anna , Pesenti Nicola , Arkhangelskaia Taja , Ciuffini Francesca , Ophorst Marijke , Gangi Silvana , Colnaghi Mariarosa , Morniroli Daniela , Mosca Fabio , Giannì Maria L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of human milk and different neonatal variables on tidal breathing flow‐volume loop (TBFVL) parameters within three months' corrected age (CA) in infants born ≤32 wks or weighing <1500 g.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 121 infants with gestational age (GA) ≤ 32 weeks or birth weight (BW) <1500 gr who had lung function assessment within three months' CA by TBFVL analysis between June 2009 and April 2018.We investigated the impact of GA, gender, being Small for GA (SGA), sepsis, days of mechanical ventilation (MV) and human milk feeding (HMF) on later respiratory function, both in the entire group and according to BW ( ≤1000 g and >1000 g).ResultsThe mean(SD) z‐score for tidal volume (Vt) and time to peak expiratory flow to expiratory time (tPTEF/tE) were respectively −4.3 (2.5) and −0.8 (2.0) for the overall population with no significant differences between infants <1000 g or ≥1000 g. The mean(SD) Vt standardized for body weight was 6.2(2.0) ml/kg.Being female was associated with better Vt/Kg, whereas longer MV or being born SGA were associated with worst tPTEF/tE. For infants with BW < 1000 gr, tPTEF/tE was positively associated with HMF.ConclusionAn early TBFVL assessment within three months' CA already reveals lung function alteration in preterm infants. Being female is associated with better Vt/Kg, while longer duration of MV or being born SGA negatively affect tPTEF/tE. The positive association between HMF and better tPTEF/tE in infants with BW <1000 g has emerged, which deserves further investigation.
Effects of tracheostomy on mothers of children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Mavi Deniz , Onay Zeynep Reyhan , Karatoprak Elif Yuksel , Oksay Sinem Can , Ayhan Yetkin , Bulut Irem , Bilgin Gülay , Bikmazer Alperen , Girit Saniye 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate psychosocial changes such as burnout, caregiver burden, depression, and coping in mothers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) after tracheostomy placement.DesignA total of 48 children with CP and chronic respiratory insufficiency and their mothers participated in the study. The children with tracheostomy were classified as T (+) (n = 26) and those who did not have tracheostomy were classified as T (−) (n = 22). The patients with tracheostomy through invasive mechanical ventilation were classified as TIV (+). The data about the clinical conditions of the patients and the sociodemographic characteristics of the mothers were recorded. Zarit caregiver burden, Maslach burnout, Beck depression, and Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) questionnaires were applied to all mothers.FindingsBeck depression score was 14 ± 8.24 in T (+) group and 16.09 ± 9.65 in T (−) group (p = .576). There was no significant difference between the T (+) and T (−) groups in the Maslach burnout inventory, Zarit caregiver burden scale, and their subgroups. The first two methods from the COPE scales were identical. In the T (+) group, the third coping method was found as “planning” and in the T (−) group as “active coping”. Maslach burnout inventory, Zarit 1, and Zarit 2 scores were higher in patients with only tracheostomy compared to those with TIV (p = .002, p = .018, p = .021).ConclusionIn the study presented, the placement of tracheostomy in children with CP does not increase mother's depression tendencies and mood changes.
SIRT3 affects mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming via the AMPK–PGC‐1α axis in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Li Yongzhi , Wang Qian , Li Jingyu , Shi Benkang , Liu Yili , Wang Ping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSirtuin 3 (SIRT3) has been reported to share an association with mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. However, the molecular mechanism underlying is not well understood, especially in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to research whether SIRT3 can affect the progression of BPH via the regulation of mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming.MethodsFollowing the development of a rat model of BPH using testosterone propionate (TP), we extracted prostate tissues from sham‐operated and BPH rats. Subsequently, bioinformatics prediction was used to screen the genes differentially expressed in BPH. To verify the role played by SIRT3 in BPH, we injected AAV9‐SIRT3 into rats, followed by TP treatment. Prostate epithelial cells (PEC) were treated with TP to assess the mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, and expression of enzymes related to the oxidative phosphorylation pathway after SIRT3 expression alteration. Finally, we examined the expression of AMPK–PGC‐1α pathway in tissues and cells.ResultsSIRT3 was reduced in the prostate tissues of BPH rats. After overexpression of SIRT3, mitochondrial morphology was more stable in prostate tissues of BPH rats and in TP‐treated PEC, with significant increases in mitochondrial membrane potential and in the expression of oxidative phosphorylation‐related enzymes in the cytoplasm. Moreover, SIRT3 significantly activated the AMPK–PGC‐1α signaling pathway, which maintained the stability of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as mitochondrial structure, thus alleviating the symptoms of BPH.ConclusionSIRT3 maintained the stability of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as mitochondrial structure by activating the AMPK–PGC‐1α pathway, thereby alleviating the symptoms of BPH.
An intelligent course keeping active disturbance rejection controller based on double deep Q‐network for towing system of unpowered cylindrical drilling platform
Authors: Zheng Yuemin , Tao Jin , Sun Qinglin , Sun Hao , Sun Mingwei , Chen Zengqiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTowing is a widely used mode of transportation in offshore engineering, and towing of unpowered platforms is of particular significance. However, the addition of unpowered facilities has increased the difficulty of ship maneuvering. Moreover, the marine environment is complex and changeable, and sudden winds or waves can have unpredictable effects on the towing process. Therefore, it is of great significance to overcome the influence of the harsh marine environment while navigating the towing system following a planned course to a target sea area. To tackle the time‐varying disturbances, a course control method for a towing system of unpowered cylindrical drilling platform is designed based on double deep Q‐network (DQN) optimized linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC). To be specific, to tackle the difficulty of LADRC tuning, double DQN is applied to select the best parameters of the LADRC at any time according to the states of the system, without relying on the specific information of the model and the controller. The course control performance of the towing system is evaluated in a simulation environment under various disturbances. Moreover, the Monte Carlo experiment is used to test the robustness of the controller when the ship's mass changes and the robustness of the proposed method is verified by testing with various heading angles. The results show that the LADRC with adaptive parameters optimized by double DQN performs well under external interference and inherent uncertainty, and compared with the traditional LADRC, the proposed method has better course control effects.
Longest and shortest cycles in random planar graphs
Authors: Kang Mihyun , Missethan Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLet be a graph chosen uniformly at random from the class of all planar graphs on vertex set with edges. We study the cycle and block structure of when . More precisely, we determine the asymptotic order of the length of the longest and shortest cycle in in the critical range when . In addition, we describe the block structure of in the weakly supercritical regime when .
Identifying the psychological processes used by male and female students when learning about science technology engineering and mathematics: A linguistic inquiry
Authors: Hall Sophie S. , Puttick Steve , Maltby John 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLearning in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) is challenging, leaving many students to give up on these subjects. Specifically, females are underrepresented in STEM industries. Identifying how male and female students deal with STEM learning challenges, and how this relates to learning outcomes, may inform teaching that best supports the preferences of individual students. This study asked secondary school students, who had just completed a STEM lesson that they reported as finding difficult (n = 3758; male = 51.2%), to write narratives about how they dealt with the lesson. Narratives were analyzed using a linguistic text analysis program to identify core psychological processes contained within the narratives from lessons in science n = 1305 (males = 46.3%), technology n = 589 (males = 63.7%), engineering n = 202 (males = 57.9%), and mathematics n = 1662 (males = 49.9%). Students were also asked to score how well they think they did in the difficult lesson (learning outcome). Pearson's correlations between students' use of core psychological processes and their perceptions of lesson success were computed separately for males and females. Common strategies emerged across the STEM subjects: for female students, positive learning outcomes were associated with positive emotions, social processes, rewards, and strategic thinking. For male students, positive learning outcomes were associated with motivation around the risk of failing, rationalizing the problem, and strategic thinking. Negative emotion was associated with a negative learning outcome for both broadly defined genders, but this was more evident across the subjects for females. We specify our understanding of this strategy by reporting data separately for the STEM subjects and the implications for STEM pedagogy.
Functional Alkyl‐Ferrocene Grafted Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene
Authors: kumar Sikder Bikash , Naidu Ganivada Mutyala , Jana Tushar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGrafting of functional ferrocene molecules in the backbone of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) without altering physical characteristics such as viscosity, hydroxyl value, molecular weight of the pristine HTPB remains as an important challenge owing to the difficulty in synthesizing appropriate functional ferrocene molecules and the suitable grafting methodology. The present report describes a facile and cost‐effective process for the synthesis of thiol, silyl and halogen derivatives of alkyl‐ferrocene. This process delineates the use of cyclic anhydrides as precursor for functionalizing ferrocene with terminal carboxylic acid in order to purify via acid‐base workup. The synthetic process includes moderate reaction conditions with good to excellent yields. The ferrocene‐alkyl‐silane and ferrocene‐alkyl‐thiol are grafted covalently to the pendent vinylic groups of HTPB with unaltered physical characteristic in order to prepare polymeric binders with enhanced burn rate for the use in composite solid propellant for aerospace applications.
Response Surface Optimization of Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction of Sago Starch from Sago Pith Waste
Authors: Mohamed Noor Mohamed Hizam , Ngadi Norzita , Suhaidi Amira Nadzirah , Mohammed Inuwa Ibrahim , Anako Opotu Lawal 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis present study employs ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) to optimize the yield of sago starch (SG) from sago pith waste (SPW) fiber. Slurry concentration, sonication time and sonication temperature are optimized adopting a Box‐Behnken design for the maximum extraction yield as main response. The analysis of variance based on 17 runs of experiments reveals that the slurry concentration and sonication temperature has a significant influence, while the sonication time shows no statistically effect on the response. The optimal UAE conditions of SG are obtained at slurry concentration of 14.43 wt%, sonication time of 10 min and sonication temperature of 38.3 °C. At these optimized conditions, 78.68% of extraction yield is obtained. Short‐range ordered structure shows that ultrasound influences the degree of order and amylose to amylopectin content of SG. The numerous scratches and fissures on the surface of SG granules are caused by the shear forces generated by the collapsing bubbles during cavitation. The thermal properties of SPW and SG show an average weight loss of more than 90% when a temperature beyond 300 °C is applied. The high onset temperature and reduction on gelatinization enthalpy and final temperature of SG indicate that ultrasonic irradiation highly influences the thermal characteristics of the extracted SG.
Reference ranges for fetal brain structures using magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review
Authors: Di Mascio D. , Khalil A. , Rizzo G. , Kasprian G. , Caulo M. , Manganaro L. , Odibo A. O. , Flacco M. E. , Giancotti A. , Buca D. , Liberati M. , Timor‐Tritsch I. E. , D'Antonio F. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the methodology of studies reporting reference ranges for fetal brain structures on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Web of Science databases were searched electronically up to 31 December 2020 to identify studies investigating biometry and growth of the fetal brain and reporting reference ranges for brain structures using MRI. The primary aim was to evaluate the methodology of these studies. A list of 26 quality criteria divided into three domains, including ‘study design’, ‘statistical and reporting methods’ and ‘specific aspects relevant to MRI’, was developed and applied to evaluate the methodological appropriateness of each of the included studies. The overall quality score of a study, ranging between 0 and 26, was defined as the sum of scores awarded for each quality criterion and expressed as a percentage (the lower the percentage, the higher the risk of bias).ResultsFifteen studies were included in this systematic review. The overall mean quality score of the studies evaluated was 48.7%. When focusing on each domain, the mean quality score was 42.0% for ‘study design’, 59.4% for ‘statistical and reporting methods’ and 33.3% for ‘specific aspects relevant to MRI’. For the ‘study design’ domain, sample size calculation and consecutive enrolment of women were the items found to be at the highest risk of bias. For the ‘statistical and reporting methods’ domain, the presence of regression equations for mean and SD for each measurement, the number of measurements taken for each variable and the presence of postnatal assessment information were the items found to be at the highest risk of bias. For the ‘specific aspects relevant to MRI’ domain, whole fetal brain assessment was not performed in any of the included studies and was therefore considered to be the item at the highest risk of bias.ConclusionsMost of the previously published studies reporting fetal brain reference ranges on MRI are highly heterogeneous and have low‐to‐moderate quality in terms of methodology, which is similar to the findings reported for ultrasound studies. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Relationship between chromatin configuration and in vitro maturation ability in guinea pig oocytes
Authors: Yao Min‐Hua , Cheng Wan‐Jing , Liu Li‐Wei , Zheng Hui , Gu Wan‐Ying , Miao Fang , Zhang Jing‐Fang , Wang Li , Su Yan‐Ping , Liu Ya‐Ling , Sui Hong‐Shu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundGerminal vesicle (GV) chromatin configurations of oocytes are proposed to be related to oocyte competence and may reflect the quality of oocyte. Currently, a limited number of published studies investigated the GV chromatin configurations of guinea pig oocytes.ObjectiveIn this study on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of guinea pig oocytes, we examined the changes in their GV chromatin configurations during meiotic progression.MethodsBased on the degree of chromatin compaction, the GV chromatin configurations of guinea pig oocytes could be divided into three categories depending on whether the nucleolus‐like body (NLB) was surrounded or partly surrounded by compacted chromatin, namely the uncondensed (NSN), the intermediate type (SN‐1) and the compacted type (SN‐2).ResultsThe percentage of cells displaying the SN‐2 configuration increased with the growth of guinea pig oocytes, suggesting that this configuration presents the potential for maturation in oocytes. Oocytes derived from larger follicle exhibited increased meiotic potential. Serum starvation affected the GV chromatin configurations of guinea pig oocytes.ConclusionsCollectively, these results suggest that the SN‐2 type might be a more mature form of configuration in guinea pig oocyte, whose proportion was associated with the follicle size and susceptible to the environment (e.g. serum concentration).
A meta‐analysis of the effects of synchronization protocols applied to sheep in Turkey on pregnancy rates during breeding and non‐breeding seasons
Authors: Arikan Mehmet Saltuk , Mat Burak , Alkan Hasan , Çevrimli Mustafa Bahadır , Akin Ahmet Cumhur , Şahin Tuğba Sarıhan , Tekindal Mustafa Agah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to determine common pregnancy rates and effect sizes with meta‐analysis of studies investigating the effect of different synchronization protocols applied to sheep during breeding and non‐breeding seasons on pregnancy rates. Common pregnancy rates were estimated by coalescing pregnancy rates of studies performed independently, and heterogeneity between the studies was investigated. The meta‐analysis included 24 studies that determined pregnancy rates in 78 different groups consisting of 1934 sheep with five different synchronization protocols in Turkey between 2001 and 2020. Among the different synchronization methods, the P4+PMSG group (90.37%) during the breeding season and P4+PGF2α (69.77%) and P4 (68.75%) groups during the non‐breeding season showed the highest pregnancy rate. Also, the effect size of P4+PMSG application during the breeding season was calculated as 0.934 (95% confidence interval: 0.901–0.967), and the effect size of P4+PGF2α application during the non‐breeding season was calculated as 0.709 (95% confidence interval: 0.406–1.013). To conclude, the combination of P4+PMSG during the breeding season and progestogen and other hormone applications during the non‐breeding season are the most effective methods for estrus synchronization and for achieving the desired pregnancy rates.
Entanglement wedge cross section in holographic excited states
Authors: Sahraei Mohammad , Vasli Mohammad Javad , Mohammadi Mozaffar M. Reza , Velni Komeil Babaei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We evaluate the entanglement wedge cross section (EWCS) in asymptotically AdS geometries which are dual to boundary excited states. We carry out a perturbative analysis for calculating EWCS between the vacuum and other states for a symmetric configuration consisting of two disjoint strips and obtain analytical results in the specific regimes of the parameter space. In particular, when the states described by purely gravitational excitations in the bulk we find that the leading correction to EWCS is negative and hence the correlation between the boundary subregions decreases. We also study other types of excitations upon adding the extra matter fields including current and scalar condensate. Our study reveals some generic properties of boundary information measures dual to EWCS, e.g., entanglement of purification, logarithmic negativity and reflected entropy. Finally, we discuss how these results are consistent with the behavior of other correlation measures including the holographic mutual information.
Topological terms of (2+1)d flag-manifold sigma models
Authors: Kobayashi Ryohei , Lee Yasunori , Shiozaki Ken , Tanizaki Yuya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We examine topological terms of (2 + 1)d sigma models and their consequences in the light of classifications of invertible quantum field theories utilizing bordism groups. In particular, we study the possible topological terms for the U(N)/U(1)N flag-manifold sigma model in detail. We argue that the Hopf-like term is absent, contrary to the expectation from a nontrivial homotopy group π3(U(N)/U(1)N) = ℤ, and thus skyrmions cannot become anyons with arbitrary statistics. Instead, we find that there exist $$ \frac{N\left(N-1\right)}{2}-1 $$

N

N
−
1

2

−
1
types of Chern-Simons terms, some of which can turn skyrmions into fermions, and we write down explicit forms of effective Lagrangians.
LEvEL: Low-Energy Neutrino Experiment at the LHC
Authors: Kelly Kevin J. , Machado Pedro A. N. , Marchionni Alberto , Perez-Gonzalez Yuber F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe propose the operation of LEvEL, the Low-Energy Neutrino Experiment at the LHC, a neutrino detector near the Large Hadron Collider Beam Dump. Such a detector is capable of exploring an intense, low-energy neutrino flux and can measure neutrino cross sections that have previously never been observed. These cross sections can inform other future neutrino experiments, such as those aiming to observe neutrinos from supernovae, allowing such measurements to accomplish their fundamental physics goals. We perform detailed simulations to determine neutrino production at the LHC beam dump, as well as neutron and muon backgrounds. Measurements at a few to ten percent precision of neutrino-argon charged current and neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering cross sections are attainable with 100 ton-year and 1 ton-year exposures at LEvEL, respectively, concurrent with the operation of the High Luminosity LHC. We also estimate signal and backgrounds for an experiment exploiting the forward direction of the LHC beam dump, which could measure neutrinos above 100 GeV.
Momentum space parity-odd CFT 3-point functions
Authors: Jain Sachin , John Renjan Rajan , Mehta Abhishek , Nizami Amin A. , Suresh Adithya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study the parity-odd sector of 3-point functions comprising scalar operators and conserved currents in conformal field theories in momentum space. We use momentum space conformal Ward identities as well as spin-raising and weight-shifting operators to fix the form of some of these correlators. Wherever divergences appear we discuss their regularisation and renormalisation using appropriate counter-terms.
Coupled topology and shape optimization using an embedding domain discretization method
Authors: Stankiewicz Gabriel , Dev Chaitanya , Steinmann Paul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDensity-based topology optimization and node-based shape optimization are often used sequentially to generate production-ready designs. In this work, we address the challenge to couple density-based topology optimization and node-based shape optimization into a single optimization problem by using an embedding domain discretization technique. In our approach, a variable shape is explicitly represented by the boundary of an embedded body. Furthermore, the embedding domain in form of a structured mesh allows us to introduce a variable, pseudo-density field. In this way, we attempt to bring the advantages of both topology and shape optimization methods together and to provide an efficient way to design fine-tuned structures without predefined topological features.