bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination Use of Antibiotic-Loaded Calcium Sulfate Beads in Spinal Surgery for Patients with Spondylodiscitis：A Clinical Retrospective Study
Authors: Tang Xiaojie , Li Jianyi , Wang Chunxiao , Liu Fang , Guo Jianwei , Tan Jiangwei , Song Qinyong , Cao Haifei , Zhang Yao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background.

Various surgical techniques for treating spondylodiscitis have been proposed, but the optimal surgical treatment remains controversial. In this study, we propose a new procedure that is implanting antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate (CS) beads into the disc after infection site debrided by Quadrant channel combined with percutaneous fixation through a single-stage posterior approach for the treatment of spondylodiscitis. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of this procedure.
Methods.

This study collected 32 patients’ clinical data of whom had spine spondylodiscitis treated in our department from July of 2015 to August of 2020. The Demographic data included age, gender, involved segment and complications were collected. The intra-operative details, results of culture, functional outcome, radiologic outcome, and length of hospital stay, laboratory examination were recorded.
Results.

The mean age of the 32 patients was 61.1 ± 9.7 years old. The mean operative time was 135.0 ± 30.6 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 243.4 ± 92.1 ml. The positive rate of culture was 72%. The mean Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score significantly improved from 7.5 to 1.6 and from 65–10%. Cobb angle was significantly improved and could be maintained at final follow-up. Solid bone fusion was achieved in all patients. There were no recurrences of infection in our study.
Conclusions.

The procedure we proposed is effective in the treatment of spondylodiscitis, the infection site can be debrided and controlled exactly, and spinal stabilization can also be achieved.
Carbene-Catalyzed Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Styrenes Bearing Acyclic Alkenes
Authors: Yan Jia-Lei , Maiti Rakesh , Ren Shi-Chao , Tian Weiyi , Li Tingting , Xu Jun , Mondal Bivas , Jin Zhichao , Chi Yonggui Robin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Axially chiral styrenes bearing a chiral axis between a sterically non-congested acyclic alkene and an aryl ring are difficult to prepare due to low rotational barrier of the axis. Disclosed here is an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalytic asymmetric solution to this problem. Our reaction involves ynals, sulfinic acids, and phenols as the substrates with an NHC as the catalyst. Key steps involve selective 1,4-addition of sulfinic anion to acetylenic acylazolium intermediate and sequential E-selective protonation to set up the chiral axis. Our reaction affords axially chiral styrenes bearing a chiral axis as the product with up to >99:1 e.r., >20:1 E/Z selectivity, and excellent yields. The sulfone and carboxylic ester moieties in our styrene products are common moieties in bioactive molecules and asymmetric catalysis.
Spatiotemporal Slip Distributions Associated with the 2018-2019 Bungo Channel Long-Term Slow Slip Event Inverted from GNSS Data
Authors: Seshimo Yukinari , Yoshioka Shoichi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Long-term slow slip events (L-SSEs) have occurred beneath the Bungo Channel with durations of several months to a couple of years repeatedly with a recurrence interval of approximately six years. We estimated the spatiotemporal slip distributions of the 2018–2019 Bungo Channel L-SSE inverted from processed GNSS time series data. This event was divided into two subevents, with the first on the southwest side of the Bungo Channel from 2018.3 to 2018.7 and the second beneath the Bungo Channel from 2018.8 to 2019.4. Tectonic tremors became active on the downdip side of the L-SSE occurrence region when large slow slips took place beneath the Bungo Channel. Compared with the previous Bungo Channel L-SSEs, this spatiotemporal slip pattern and amount were similar to those of the 2003 L-SSE. However, the slip expanded in the northeast-southwest direction in the latter half of the second subevent. We also found that the total duration of the two subevents was 1.0 year, which was the shortest among the four recent L-SSEs beneath the Bungo Channel identified using GNSS time series data. The maximum amount of slip, the maximum slip velocity, the total released seismic moment, and the moment magnitude of the 2018–2019 L-SSE were estimated to be 27 cm, 53 cm/year, 4.1×1019 Nm, and 7.0, respectively, all of which were the largest among the four L-SSEs.
Distribution of the compression and expansion of morbidity in 194 countries and territories, 1990–2016: The role of income inequality
Authors: Chen He , Ning Jing , Hu Hongwei , Jiang Haochen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Compression and expansion of morbidity are two critical hypotheses to analyze the relationship among morbidity, disability, and mortality. This study aims to analyze the global distribution of the compression and expansion of morbidity and to investigate its relationship with income inequality.
Methods

Data was from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 and Standardized World Income Inequality Database, version 8.2. Seven types of health changes were defined. Income inequality was measured with Gini coefficient index. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association of income inequality with the compression and expansion of morbidity.
Results

All the seven types of the compression and expansion of morbidity exist in the world, despite their uneven distribution. The relative expansion of morbidity with increased or constant life expectancy (Type 6) was the most popular type occurring to more than half of populations in the last quarter of century, which was followed by the relative compression of morbidity with increased or constant LE (Type 3, 30.71%). The income inequality was significantly associated with the health changes, which still held after controlling a variety of confounders and in robustness tests. Those societies with lower income inequality were more likely to incur Type 3.
Conclusions

It is necessary to distinguish the positive and negative changes in life expectancy when examing the compression and expansion of morbidity. The increasing popularity of Type 6 implies higher needs for health and social care. Measures to reduce income inequality or mitigate its negative influence on health changes might promote the occurrence of Type 3.
Exploring Co-dispensed Drug Use in Patients on Sevelamer or Polystyrene Sulfonate to Identify Potential Novel Binding Interactions: a Cross Sectional in Silico Study
Authors: de Inge RF Berlo van - Laar van , Can Ilona Prins - , Schuiling-Veninga C.C.M. , Taxis Katja , Jansman Frank GA 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSevelamer and polystyrene sulfonate are used for treating hyperphosphatemia and hyperkalaemia in chronic kidney disease patients. Because of their binding properties, these resins potentially bind other drugs in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby decreasing their bioavailability and clinical effectiveness.AimThe aim of this study was to explore co-dispensed drug use in patients on sevelamer or polystyrene sulfonate to identify potential novel binding interactions. MethodIn this in silico study, the 100 drugs most frequently co-dispensed with sevelamer/polystyrene sulfonate in the period 2000-2018 from the University Groningen IADB.nl database were extracted. Drugs dispensed to < 5% of patients, drugs not orally administered, drugs administered once daily before bedtime and drugs for which information on binding interactions with sevelamer or polystyrene was already available were excluded. The likelihood of an interaction (yes or no) of the included drugs was assessed based on pKa- and Log P values. For sevelamer, drugs with a pKa (acid) between 1.5 and 7.4 and or a Log P value > 2.0 were identified as potential interacting drug. For polystyrene sulfonate, drugs with a pKa (base) > 1.5 were identified as potential interacting drug. ResultsOf the top 100 drugs most frequently co-dispensed with sevelamer/polystyrene sulfonate, 22 and 27 potentially clinically relevant new interacting drugs were identified for sevelamer and polystyrene sulfonate respectively. ConclusionSeveral potentially relevant novel binding interactions for sevelamer and polystyrene sulfonate were identified based on dispensing data and assessment of chemical properties for which further interaction research is warranted.
Characterization of The Microbiome That Colonizes The Digestive Tract of Calves From 0 To 42 Days of Age, Raised In The Mexican Tropics.
Authors: Rodríguez Carolina Robles , Dávalos María Laura González , Shimada Armando , Espinoza Carla Daniela Robles , Mora Maria Ofelia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the first few weeks of a calf's life, the early colonization of microbes throughout the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is critical in its digestive system and immunity development. Analyses of data generated from next-generation sequencing platforms have revolutionized the understanding of host-associated microbial communities; these analyses can be done through a variety of bioinformatics pipelines. This study aimed to describe the diversity and evolution of gastrointestinal tract microbial communities in the first days of life of calves; for which we used the USEARCH and KRAKEN2 algorithms, in terms of alpha and beta diversity analysis in the rumen and jejunum contents of calves from 0, 7, 28, 42 days-born in the Mexican Tropic and its changes. The two pipelines detected similar abundance distributions in the three most abundant taxa Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. The present study revealed the changes occurring in the rumen and jejunum ecosystem in the first week of life, reflected by a decline in the phylum Proteobacteria and an increase in phylum Bacteroidetes in rumen and Firmicutes in the jejunum. We observed an increase in the similarity in the phylum taxa with age, suggesting a homogeneous and specific mature community, compared with the primary community.
Study on Meso-scale Grinding Surface Roughness and Sub-surface Quality of High Volume Fraction SiCp/Al2024 composites
Authors: Guo Guangyan , Gao Qi , Wang Quanzhao , Hu Yuanhe 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the surface grinding quality of high volume fraction aluminum matrix composites, the cutting tool models with different rake angles are established, the grinding process is simulated, and the material removal mechanism and the broken state of SiC particles are obtained. Through single factor experiment, the 60% volume fraction SiCp/Al2024 composites are ground by diamond grinding rod with 3mm diameter, the surface roughness (Ra) is measured, and the surface and sub-surface quality of SiCp/Al2024 composites with meso-scale grinding is investigated. Meanwhile, the influence mechanism of grinding depth (ap) on surface quality is put forward, and the influence of different grinding depth on the fragmentation of SiC particles in sub-surface layer is discussed, which verifies the correctness of grinding simulation. The relevant research and theoretical model are of great significance to the study of grinding properties of composite materials.
Appendicitis Prognostic Score: A Preoperative Scoring System to Help Determine Surgical Timing for Appendectomy
Authors: Lai Shuo-Lun , Lee Po-Chu , Ho Cheng-Maw , Wu Jin-Ming , Chang Chin-Hao , Lai Hong-Shiee , LIN BEEN-REN 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Several factors are considered to be associated with increased postoperative complications after appendectomies, yet whether high-risk patients benefit from a shorter waiting time for surgery remains unclear. This study aimed to propose an appendicitis prognostic score (APS) for predicting surgical outcome and assessing the influence of surgical delay on postoperative complications.Methods: From 2013 to 2019 patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis requiring an emergent appendectomy were divided into training (2013-2018) and validation groups (2019). The APS was developed from preoperative characteristics related to a perforated appendicitis in the training group, then correlated with postoperative complications (surgical site infection, intra-abdominal abscess and ileus) and verified by the validation group. The effects of surgical delay on postoperative complications was evaluated between high and low APS subgroups. Results: APS criteria included age >45, body temperature >37.5°C, heart rate >95bpm, breathing rate >20/min, diastolic blood pressure <75mmHg, and abdominal pain duration 24-48h and >48h, with a maximum of 8 points. A high APS (≥4 points) was significantly associated with an increased complication rate in the validation group (p=0.016). Further analysis of the training group showed that patients with ≥4 points had a higher overall complication (21.85% vs. 11.27%, p=0.006) and surgical site infection rate (11.92% vs. 4.69%, p=0.011) if surgical delay exceeded 12 hours.Conclusion: The APS is a practical metric for predicting postoperative complications. It is recommended that patients with an APS score ≥4 undergo an appendectomy within 12 hours to avoid an increased risk of overall complications and surgical site infection.
The Possibility of Adiponectin in Islet Transplantation
Authors: Sakata Naoaki , Yoshimatsu Gumpei , Chinen Kiyoshi , Kawakami Ryo , Kodama Shohta 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Islet transplantation (ITx), a promising therapy for severe diabetes mellitus, needs further evolution. Adiponectin, an adipokine that regulates lipid and glucose metabolism, has some benefits that may improve (e.g., reinforcement of insulin-releasing function). This study attempted to evaluate the possibility of adiponectin for ITx improvement. Mouse islets were treated with 10 µg/mL recombinant mouse adiponectin by overnight culture (defined as adiponectin (+)). The islets’ insulin-releasing, angiogenic, and adhesion functions were assessed and compared with islets without adiponectin treatment (adiponectin (−)). Furthermore, 80 syngeneic islets, with or without adiponectin treatment, were transplanted into the renal subcapsular space of diabetic mice. In vitro assessment showed improved insulin-releasing, angiogenic, and adhesion functions adiponectin (+). Moreover, released insulin volume at high glucose stimulation, insulin content, and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and integrin β1 were improved in islets with adiponectin treatment. Furthermore, the ITx therapeutic effect with adiponectin treatment was partial. There was a significant improvement in blood glucose levels in adiponectin (+). No significant differences were noted in plasma insulin and area under the curve of blood glucose level in glucose tolerance test. In conclusion, adiponectin has various usefulness for improving ITx outcomes. Thus, further studies are necessary for this possibility.
Up-regulation of Mitotic Nuclear Division-related Genes and Down-regulation of TGF-β-related Genes Correlate with Survival in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Su Lili , Wang Yonggang , Li Daowei , Wang Xingguang , Liang Bin , Ma Weixia , Guo Honglin , You Wenjie , Jiang Shujuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive and lethal malignancy; however, its molecular origins remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to use transcriptomics to explore the molecular mechanisms of MPM tumorigenesis toward gaining a better understanding of disease development. The transcriptomes from MPM tissues and paired normal pleural tissues were compared to identify significantly differentially expressed genes. These genes were then subject to Gene Ontology analysis to explore pathways that are dysregulated in MPM, and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) gene expression profile data were analyzed to assess the correlation between the significantly dysregulated pathways and patient survival. Moreover, three independent transcriptomic datasets were used to validate the association between significantly dysregulated genes and the clinical features of MPM. We identified 136 up-regulated and 599 down-regulated genes in MPM tissues as compared to normal pleural tissues. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the up-regulated genes were mainly associated with mitotic nuclear division, whereas the down-regulated genes were mainly associated with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling. The 14 most significantly up-regulated mitotic nuclear division-related genes were more likely to be highly expressed in pathological subtypes with higher malignancy, whereas the down-regulated TGF-β pathway-related gene PPARGC1A displayed the opposite trend. In the TCGA dataset, up-regulation of mitotic nuclear division-related genes was associated with a poor prognosis, whereas down-regulation of TGF-β pathway-related genes was associated with a positive prognosis. The down-regulated PPARGC1A were further validated by immunohistochemical analysis. In summary, the correlation between up-regulation of mitotic nuclear division-related genes and down-regulation of the TGF-β pathway-related gene PPARGC1A with overall survival indicates an important role for these genes in MPM development and progression.
Risk Factors, Assessments, and Treatment of Intra- and Postoperative New Neurologic Deficits in Complex Spine Disorders
Authors: Zhang Hongqi , Xiao Lige , Tang Mingxing , Sun Yang , Yang Guanteng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: New Neurologic Deficits (NND) is one of the most threatening complications of spinal surgery, and its incidence in complex spine disorders ranges from 0.99% to 3.54%, which is higher than that in noncomplex spine disorders. To date, the early management of NNDs in complex spine disorders remains poorly researched.Methods. A retrospective review was performed for patients with complex spine disorders who experienced NNDs from 2010 to 2020. The pre- and postoperative neurologic condition was assessed using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale. Patient age, sex, diagnosis, lesion level, operating time, blood loss, intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) test results, wake-up test results, lowest mean arterial pressure (MAP) at surgery, NND types, possible etiology of NNDs, treatment, and total recovery time were reviewed retrospectively.Results: Five patients with complex spine disorders who experienced NNDs were included (4 males and 1 female; average age of 23±17 years) in the present study. The primary diseases varied from congenital scoliosis to Langerhans histiocytosis. The mean operation time was 488±264 min with a mean blood loss of 1920±1413 mL, and the mean lowest MAP at surgery was 66.2±7.6 mmHg. Regarding the type of NND, 4 cases had spinal cord injuries, and 1 case had nerve root injury. The possible etiologies of NNDs in the patients were as follows: spinal cord overtraction and spinal cord ischemia in 2 cases; spinal cord compression and spinal cord ischemia in 2 cases; and spinal cord ischemia 1 case. Two patients underwent revision surgery, and 1 patient underwent prolonged surgery. The average hospital stay was 37±11 days. The preoperative ASIA score was 4.4±0.8, while the postoperative ASIA score was 0.8±0.7. All patients achieved full recovery at a mean follow-up period of 6.8±4.5 months.Conclusion: Surgeries for complex spine disorders carry significant risks that can lead to intraoperative or postoperative NNDs. NNDs can occur secondary to spinal cord overtraction (overcorrection of deformity), spinal cord compression (due to implants, bone tissue, soft tissue, or hematoma), and spinal cord ischemia (owing to anemia, low MAP, vascular embolism, or intramedullary vascular malformation). Patients with risk factors should be closely observed during and after the operation. Once NNDs are confirmed, emergency examination should be performed to rule out spinal cord overtraction and spinal cord compression. If a mechanical obstruction is found, emergency revision surgery is recommended. If no mass lesion is identified, conservative treatment should be utilized for the principle of maintaining arterial pressure, nutriating nerves, dilating blood vessels, and eliminating edema.
Analysis of microRNA expression reveals convergent evolution of the molecular control of diapause in annual fish
Authors: Barth Emanuel , Baumgart Mario , Dolfi Luca , Cui Rongfeng , Groth Marco , Ripa Roberto , Savino Aurora , Valenzano Dario R. , Marz Manja , Cellerino Alessandro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDiapause is a key adaptation that enabled the colonization of ephemeral habitats subject to the alternation of dry and wet seasons by annual killifishes. Upon desiccation of the ponds, killifish embryos remain vital but quiescent in the clay, where they can survive months or even years. Diapause can occur at three different developmental stages, but Diapause II (DII), which occurs at mid-somitogenesis, is the primary point of developmental arrest. However, diapause is not obligatory, and some embryos can proceed to direct development, skipping one or more diapauses. The precise molecular mechanisms that regulate entry and exit from diapause are beginning to be investigated, but this knowledge is yet fragmentary. Diapause has evolved independently several times in killifish clades from Africa and South America, enabling the identification of possible molecular determinants of diapause by comparative expression analysis. MicroRNAs are small RNAs that represent central nodes in the control of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are involved in many developmental processes. Here, we compare microRNA expression profiles of annual killifishes during DII with non-annual killifish in a comparable stage of morphological development. ResultsWe used smallRNA-Seq to quantify microRNA expression from four annual- and four non-annual killifish species from three independent clades and from direct-developing embryos of the annual fish Nothobranchius furzeri. We analyzed the expression of broadly conserved microRNAs and microRNAs that appear to have evolved in the killifish lineage.We found several microRNAs that showed convergent regulation in the three different clades, and for some microRNAs also a phenomenon of switch in the prevalent form between 3p and 5p or vice versa was noted. In addition, we detected a significant overlap between the microRNA regulation during diapause and aging. Particularly interesting is the regulation of the miR-430 family. These microRNAs represent the second most expressed microRNA family in the killifish embryos, and diapause is associated with dramatic down-regulation of the prevalent -3p form and up-regulation of the -5p form. Members of the miR-430 family are contained in a large repetitive cluster whose organization is variable among teleost. Analysis of recently sequenced 45 low-coverage killifish genomes revealed that the miR-430 locus contains a lower number of copies in annual- as opposed to non-annual killifish. ConclusionsThe Evolution of diapause is reflected in the convergent evolution of microRNA regulation in killifishes. A prominent feature is a dramatic down-regulation of miR-430 expression that could be partially explained with a reduction of its copy numbers in the genome.