bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety evaluation of an antimalarial herbal product from Andrographis paniculata (AS201-01) in healthy volunteers
Authors: Widyawaruyanti Aty , Jonosewojo Arijanto , Ilmi Hilkatul , Tumewu Lidya , Imandiri Ario , Widiastuti Endang , Dachliyati Lilis , Budiman Muhammad F , Setyawan Dwi , Hafid Achmad F , Tantular Indah S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives

Andrographis paniculata tablets (AS201-01) have previously been shown to have potent bioactivity as an antimalarial and to produce no unwanted side effects in animal models. Here, we present the phase 1 clinical trial conducted to evaluate the safety of AS201-01 tablets in healthy volunteers.

Methods
The study was a randomized, double-blind controlled cross-over, a placebo-controlled design consisting of a 4-day treatment of AS201-01 tablets. A total of 30 healthy human volunteers (16 males and 14 females) were divided into two groups, and each group was given 4 tablets, twice daily for 4 days. Group 1 received AS201-01, while group 2 received placebo tablets. Volunteers were given a physical examination before the treatment. The effects of AS201-01 on random blood glucose, biochemical, and hematological as well as urine profiles were investigated.

Results
There were no changes in observed parameters as a result of AS201-01 being administered. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the test and control group regarding hematology profile, biochemical profile, and random blood glucose. Increased appetite and better sleep, which categorized as grade 1 adverse event was reported after treatment with AS201-01 tablet

Conclusions
The outcome supports our previous observation that the AS201-01 tablet, given twice a day for 4 days, is safe and nontoxic.
Anxiety, depression, and glycemic control during Covid-19 pandemic in youths with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Cusinato Maria , Martino Mariangela , Sartori Alex , Gabrielli Claudia , Tassara Laura , Debertolis Giulia , Righetto Elena , Moretti Carlo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Our study aims to assess the impact of lockdown during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on glycemic control and psychological well-being in youths with type 1 diabetes.

Methods
We compared glycemic metrics during lockdown with the same period of 2019. The psychological impact was evaluated with the Test of Anxiety and Depression.

Results
We analyzed metrics of 117 adolescents (87% on Multiple Daily Injections and 100% were flash glucose monitoring/continuous glucose monitoring users). During the lockdown, we observed an increase of the percentage of time in range (TIR) (p<0.001), with a significant reduction of time in moderate (p=0.002), and severe hypoglycemia (p=0.001), as well as the percentage of time in hyperglycemia (p<0.001). Glucose variability did not differ (p=0.863). The glucose management indicator was lower (p=0.001). 7% of youths reached the threshold-score (≥115) for anxiety and 16% for depression. A higher score was associated with lower TIR [p=0.028, p=0.012].

Conclusions
Glycemic control improved during the first lockdown period with respect to the previous year. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were associated with worse glycemic control; future researches are necessary to establish if this improvement is transient and if psychological difficulties will increase during the prolonged pandemic situation.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting severity in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: A retrospective study
Authors: Yang Zheng , Hu Qinming , Feng Zhipeng , Sun Yi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonotic disease caused by hantavirus infection. Patients with severe HFRS may develop multiple organ failure or even death, which makes HFRS a serious public health problem.

Methods
In this retrospective study, we included a total of 155 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with HFRS, of whom 109 patients served as a training cohort and 46 patients as an independent verification cohort. In the training set, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to screen the characteristic variables of the risk model. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to construct a nomogram containing the characteristic variables selected in the LASSO regression model.

Results
The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the nomogram indicated that the model had good discrimination. The calibration curve exhibited that the nomogram was in good agreement between the prediction and the actual observation. Decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve suggested that the predictive nomogram had clinical utility.

Conclusion
In this study, we established a simple and feasible model to predict severity in patients with HFRS, with which HFRS would be better identified and patients can be treated early.
Is carnosine effective to alleviate lung injury: a systematic review
Authors: Yalaza Metin , Akin Irem , Altiner Seda , Aribal Ayral Pelin , Yazihan Nuray 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Lung injury is one of the most important risk factor for morbidity and mortality, especially in older people. There are several reasons causing acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) such as pneumonia, sepsis, viruses, oxidants, and trauma. Evidence has shown that carnosine has many properties, such as suppressing hydroxyl, superoxide, and peroxyl radicals, inhibiting peroxidation, membrane protection and wound healing. We aimed to analyze the effects of carnosine on lung injury in this systematic review.

Content
A systematic research was performed in Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for following keywords; “carnosine” AND “lungd” until October 31st, 2020. Bias analysis was done with RevMan 5.3 software.

Summary
We screened totally 51 publications and only nine articles were used for the final analysis. Eight animal studies and one in vitro study were included in this study. All studies indicated that carnosine has beneficial effects on improving lung injury.

Outlook
The study demonstrates that carnosine may be a promising new therapeutic agent and help to improve lung injury by reducing oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis. Further investigations are needed to elucidate which mechanism is more effective to cure lung damage, especially in humans.
Curvilinear flow of micropolar fluid with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model due to oscillation of curved stretchable sheet
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Abbas Zaheer 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the transfer of heat phenomenon in a hydromagnetic time dependent flow of micropolar fluid across an oscillating stretchable curved surface by using the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model, which considers thermal relaxation time. An elastic curved surface that stretches back and forth causes the flow situation. The flow equations are derived as nonlinear partial differential equations by incorporating a curvilinear coordinates system, which is then solved analytically via the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The accuracy of the derived analytical results is also examined by using a finite-difference technique known as the Keller box method, and it is found to be in strong agreement. The influences of various physical characteristics such as material parameter, magnetic parameter, thermal relaxation parameter, a dimensionless radius of curvature, Prandtl number and ratio of surface’s oscillating frequency to its stretching rate parameter on angular velocity, fluid velocity, pressure, temperature, heat transmission rate, and skin friction and couple stress coefficient are depicted in detail with the help of graphs and tables. Furthermore, for the verification and validation of the current results, a tabular comparison of the published data in the literature for the case of flat oscillating surface versus curved oscillating surface is carried out and found to be in good agreement.
III. Die Frankfurter Reformation König Friedrichs III. vom 14. August 1442: Ein bedeutsames Gesetz der Reichsreformzeit
Authors: Diestelkamp Bernhard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The Reformation of king Frederic III.: An important law in the period of the Reichsreform. The reformatio Friderici was widely regarded as meagre in content (1) since it did not cover important reform issues of the time and in many parts only repeats older texts. Heinrich Koller proved this to be a misjudgement. His assessment must be strengthened or also corrected by legal historical arguments. Thus, the enormous density of tradition (2) cannot be explained by Friedrich’s intention to publish the law in general, but mirrors the necessity to be able to present the text in legal proceedings. The term reformatio (3) does not mean a reform law, but characterises a new form of legislation which wants to achieve reforms by taking recourse to older texts. The importance of the reformation for practice (4) proves not least in the fact that the king continuously refers to his text in trials for breach of the peace and in his dealing with the vehm, in which the position of the highest judge is ascribed to him.
Klöster und Leges – Zur Diskussion um die süddeutschen Stammesrechte. Eine Replik
Authors: Schott Clausdieter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Monasteries and Leges – On the Discussion regarding the Southern German tribal laws. A replica. The author takes up his thesis published in 2006, according to which the two Southern German tribal laws of the 8th century, the Lex Alamannorum and the Lex Baiuvariorum, are most likely forgeries of monastic scriptoria. The falsification hypothesis has met with both approval and scepticism and rejection. The following article deals with the latter. The critical voices focus mainly on the tenor that such a falsification is possible but not sufficiently proven. The replica shows that the objections are too weak overall to shake the suspicion of a forgery in view of the density of evidence.
Sondergerichte in den besetzten polnischen Gebieten im Jahr 1939. Eine rechtsgeschichtliche Analyse
Authors: Graczyk Konrad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Special Courts in the Occupied Polish Territories in 1939. A Legal History Analysis. The study is devoted to the first period of activity of German special courts established in Poland in 1939. The basic scope presents the special courts of the Third Reich established on the basis of the regulation of 1933. They were a model for courts established in occupied Poland. Their creation is analyzed on the example of the Special Court in Katowitz (Sondergericht Kattowitz). Then, the activities of special courts in occupied Poland in 1939 are discussed with particular emphasis on case and penalty statistics. Attention is paid to some characteristic phenomena, such as problems with jurisdiction, differences resulting from the establishment of special courts as part of the military administration, and judgment of acts committed before the war and under Polish jurisdiction. The identified cases of violations of law in the activities of special courts in 1939 are also discussed.
Firma üst yönetimlerinde cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin bölgesel ve sektörel boyutları: Bir sınıflandırma ağacı ve rassal orman analizi
Authors: Celbiş Mehmet Güney 
Published: June 2021

İş gücü piyasasında cinsiyet eşitsizliği olgusu ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma ile ilişkisi Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de dikkat çeken bir konudur. Cinsiyet Eşitsizliğinin özel bir yansıması üst yönetici pozisyonlarında görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de üst yönetici pozisyonları bağlamında cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin altında yatan etkenler irdelenmiş ve eşitsiz dağılıma yol açan durumların tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Ağaç-temelli makine öğrenmesi yöntemlerinden hareketle Türkiye’de firma üst yönetimlerinde cinsiyet eşitsizliği ile ilişkili kurumsal, sektörel ve bölgesel özellikler belirlenmiştir. Birçok başka sonucun yanı sıra, yolsuzluk, suç, arazi ve ruhsat sorunlarının yaşandığı firmalarda ve Kuzeydoğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgelerinde bulunan şirketlerde üst düzey yöneticilerin erkek olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte perakende, yiyecek-konaklama, tekstil, giysi ve imalat sektörlerinde ancak bazı bölgesel ve kurumsal şartlar altında kadın yöneticiler olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Söz konusu bulgular üst yönetici pozisyonlarda kadın-erkek dengesizliğinin en etkili olduğu sektör ve bölgeleri belirlemenin yanı sıra bu eşitsizliklere yol açan kurumsal faktörleri de gözlemlemektedir. Elde edilen bulgular spesifik belirleyicilerin analizi konusunda yeni araştırma kulvarları açmanın yanı sıra soruna yönelik yeni politikalar geliştirmede de etkili olma potansiyeline sahiptirler. Çalışmada sunulan modellerde Girişim Anketi-2019 verilerinden alınan 162 firma ve 254 değişkenin tümü algoritmik modeller ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulguların içeriksel önemine ek olarak bu çalışmada araştırma konusunun irdelenmesi yönünde ağaç bazlı makine öğrenmesi yaklaşımları yeni yöntemsel olanaklar olarak sunulmuştur.
Koronavirüs (COVID-19) salgını süresince zorunlu uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarının birleştirilmiş teknoloji kabul modeli ile araştırılması
Authors: Kahya Vasfi 
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışma, 2020 yılında COVID-19’un neden olduğu küresel salgın sebebiyle eğitim kurumlarının zorunlu olarak geçtikleri uzaktan eğitim süreçlerinin öğrenciler tarafından kabulüne (acceptance) yönelik tutumları araştırmaktadır. Bu araştırma ile COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde zorunlu olarak geçilen uzaktan eğitim sisteminin öğrenciler tarafından nasıl algılandığını ve sistemin kabulüne sebep olan değişkenlerin Teknoloji Kabul Modeli ve Bilgi Sistemleri Başarı Modeli değişkenleri ile ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. 2019-2020 bahar dönemi uzaktan ders alan Kütahya Dumlupınar Üniversitesi ve Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi lisans ve ön lisans 377 öğrenciye anket uygulanmış, demografik soruların oluşturduğu bir bölüm ve değişkenlerin etkisini ölçmek amacıyla 5’li Likert tipi sorular yöneltilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre uzaktan eğitime erişmek için sahip olunması gereken teknolojik altyapı araçlarının sahiplik oranına bakıldığında öğrencilerin %50’sinin sahip olduğu, %50’sinin sahip olmadığı yönünde sonuca ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca uzaktan eğitim platformunun kullanımını etkileyen bilgi kalitesi, sistem kalitesi ve algılanan fayda, kullanıcı memnuniyetini etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Kullanıcı memnuniyeti değişkeni ise kullanımı etkilemekte ve %39 seviyesinde açıklamaktadır. Bu çalışma ile yüz yüze eğitime alternatif olarak kullanılan uzaktan eğitim platformunun öğrenci yönünde iyileştirilmesi, gerekli altyapı araçlarına sahip olunmasının sürecin daha başarılı yönetilmesi ve faydalı olması adına önemli olacağı düşünülmektedir.
The impact of organisational culture on occupational stress: Comparison of the SME IT sectors in India and the UK
Authors: Nair Sree Lekhsmi Sreekumaran , Aston John , Kozlovski Eugene 
Published: June 2021

The study's main aim is to examine the impact of organisational culture on occupational stress by comparing the IT sectors in India and the UK. The paper adopts the application of Denison’s model for studying the organisational culture, whereas role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload and role stress are considered to discuss occupational stress. Through snowball, convenience, purposive and quota sampling techniques, 62 respondents (31 from India and 31 from the UK) were targeted to attain a qualitative perspective through a semi-structured questionnaire. Results showed that there is an impact of organisational culture on occupational stress. Moreover, the impact is mainly evident in the Indian IT sector than the UK IT sector. Moreover, considering the impact of organisational culture on occupational stress, overall employees experience occupational stress, role overload, role conflict, role ambiguity and role stress. In contrasting economies, Indian IT sector employee’s experience role conflict, role overload, role ambiguity and role stress, whereas UK IT sector employees’ experience role ambiguity.
T3 as predictor of mortality in any cause non-critically ill patients
Authors: Biegelmeyer Erika , Scanagata Iury , Alves Laura , Reveilleau Murilo , Schwengber Fernando Pereira , Wajner Simone Magagnin 
Published: June 2021

Background
Low T3 syndrome refers to a set of thyroid hormone metabolism alterations present in the disease state. A correlation between low T3 and poor clinical outcomes in the intensive care unit is more established. Nonetheless, studies on non-critically ill patients are few and controversial.

Objective
To evaluate the prevalence and predictive value of low T3 levels on 30-day and 6-month mortality in non-critically ill patients. Secondary outcomes evaluated the length of hospital stay, overall mortality, and hospital readmission.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Methods
A total of 345 consecutive patients from the Internal Medicine ward of a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil were included and followed from October 2018 to April 2019 (6 months). Levels of total serum T3 were measured weekly, from admission to discharge, and correlated with 30-day and 6-month mortality.

Results
Prevalence of low T3 was 36.6%. Low T3 levels were associated with higher 30-day hospital mortality (15.1% vs 4.1%, P < 0.001) and higher 6-month overall mortality (31.7% vs 13.2%, P < 0.001). Total serum T3 at admission was an independent predictor of 30-day hospital mortality.

Conclusion
Low T3 levels are a prevalent condition among non-critically ill patients, and this condition is associated with poor clinical outcomes in this population. Total serum T3 levels, alone or in association with other predictive scores, were demonstrated to be an easy and valuable tool for risk stratification and should be further employed in this setting.
Intubation Competence During Neonatal Fellowship Training
Authors: Evans Peter , Shults Justine , Weinberg Danielle D. , Napolitano Natalie , Ades Anne , Johnston Lindsay , Levit Orly , Brei Brianna , Krick Jeanne , Sawyer Taylor , Glass Kristen , Wile Michelle , Hollenberg Janice , Rumpel Jennifer , Moussa Ahmed , Verreault Alexandra , Abou Mehrem Ayman , Howlett Alexandra , McKanna Julie , Nishisaki Akira , Foglia Elizabeth E. 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES
To characterize neonatal-perinatal medicine fellows’ progression toward neonatal intubation procedural competence during fellowship training.

METHODS
Multi-center cohort study of neonatal intubation encounters performed by neonatal-perinatal medicine fellows between 2014 through 2018 at North American academic centers in the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates. Cumulative sum analysis was used to characterize progression of individual fellows’ intubation competence, defined by an 80% overall success rate within 2 intubation attempts. We employed multivariable analysis to assess the independent impact of advancing quarter of fellowship training on intubation success.

RESULTS
There were 2297 intubation encounters performed by 92 fellows in 8 hospitals. Of these, 1766 (77%) were successful within 2 attempts. Of the 40 fellows assessed from the start of training, 18 (45%) achieved procedural competence, and 12 (30%) exceeded the deficiency threshold. Among fellows who achieved competence, the number of intubations to meet this threshold was variable, with an absolute range of 8 to 46 procedures. After adjusting for patient and practice characteristics, advancing quarter of training was independently associated with an increased odds of successful intubation (adjusted odds ratio: 1.10; 95% confidence interval 1.07–1.14).

CONCLUSIONS
The number of neonatal intubations required to achieve procedural competence is variable, and overall intubation competence rates are modest. Although repetition leads to skill acquisition for many trainees, some learners may require adjunctive educational strategies. An individualized approach to assess trainees’ progression toward intubation competence is warranted.
Tale and Parable: Theorizing Fictions in the Old EnglishBoethius
Authors: Lorden Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractScholarship has often considered the concept of fiction a modern phenomenon. But the Old EnglishBoethiusteaches us that medieval people could certainly tell that a fictional story was a lie, although it was hard for them to explain why it was all right that it was a lie—this is the problem the Old EnglishBoethiusaddresses for the first time in the history of the English language. In translating Boethius's sixth-centuryConsolation of Philosophy, the ninth-century Old EnglishBoethiusoffers explanatory comments on its source's narrative exempla drawn from classical myth. While some of these comments explain stories unfamiliar to early medieval English audiences, others consider how such “false stories” may be read and experienced by those properly prepared to encounter them. In so doing, the Old EnglishBoethiusmust adopt and adapt a terminology for fiction that is unique in the extant corpus of Old English writing.
The Configuration of Educational Factors in the Family in Terms of their Impact on the Formation of Interest in Sports in Middle School Children
Authors: Krutsevich Tatiana , Marchenko Oksana , Trachuk Sergii , Panhelova Natalia , Napadij Andrij , Dovgal Vasyl 
Published: June 2021

Research purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the features of the educational concept of the family in mutual understanding with middle school children with different levels of physical activity.
Material and Methods. 212 students aged 11-12 years, including 104 students (48 girls and 56 boys) who are not involved in sports and 108 students who go in for sports (36 girls and 72 boys). The following research methods were used to solve the problems set in the work: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature data; content analysis; method of comparison; sociological methods of research (questionnaire “My family”); methods of mathematical statistics.
Results. The results of the testing of boys and girls revealed the following 8 factors of upbringing in the family: severity; fostering independence; mother or father domination; attitude to school and teachers; cruelty; relationships in the family; mutual assistance; community of interests. The rating of the factors of upbringing that affect the level of understanding in the family of girls aged 11-12 years, determines that in those who do not go in for sports “rigor and demanding attitude in upbringing” is in the first place, and in the second - “common interests”, while for girls who go in for sports “mutual assistance in the family” is in the first place and in the second “rigor and demanding attitude in upbringing”. The results of the definition of mutual understanding in the family show that the “successful” level was mostly determined by 57.14% of boys aged 11-12 who go in for sports, and the lowest percentage is noted for boys aged 11-12 years old who do not go in for sports (22.22%). Boys and girls who do not play sports are characterized by a “less prosperous” level of mutual understanding in the family (61.11 and 66.67%, respectively).
Conclusions. The socialization of students in the micro and macro environment through the formation of values in the field of physical culture and sports is ensured by the following factors: rigor, fostering initiative, attitude towards school, rigidity in upbringing, family relationships, mutual assistance in the interests of the community.