bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of how users interface with holographic augmented reality surgical scenes: Interactive planning MR‐Guided prostate biopsies
Authors: Velazco‐Garcia Jose D. , Navkar Nikhil V. , Balakrishnan Shidin , Younes Georges , Abi‐Nahed Julien , Al‐Rumaihi Khalid , Darweesh Adham , Elakkad Mohamed S. M. , Al‐Ansari Abdulla , Christoforou Eftychios G. , Karkoub Mansour , Leiss Ernst L. , Tsiamyrtzis Panagiotis , Tsekos Nikolaos V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundUser interfaces play a vital role in the planning and execution of an interventional procedure. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of using different user interfaces for planning transrectal robot‐assisted MR‐guided prostate biopsy (MRgPBx) in an augmented reality (AR) environment.MethodEnd‐user studies were conducted by simulating an MRgPBx system with end‐ and side‐firing modes. The information from the system to the operator was rendered on HoloLens as an output interface. Joystick, mouse/keyboard, and holographic menus were used as input interfaces to the system.ResultsThe studies indicated that using a joystick improved the interactive capacity and enabled operator to plan MRgPBx in less time. It efficiently captures the operator's commands to manipulate the augmented environment representing the state of MRgPBx system.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates an alternative to conventional input interfaces to interact and manipulate an AR environment within the context of MRgPBx planning.
“You could like science and not be a science person”: Black girls' negotiation of space and identity in science
Authors: Wade‐Jaimes Katherine , King Natalie S. , Schwartz Reneé 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBuilding on previous research that has described the underrepresentation of women of color in science fields, this paper presents case studies of Black middle school girls to examine how their science identities developed over space and time. Data were collected over the course of their seventh‐grade year in both in school (science classroom) and out‐of‐school (afterschool club) contexts. The Multidimensionality of Black Girls' STEM Learning framework was used to explore the role of the afterschool club as a counterspace and how students made sense of science, science people, and their current and future selves based on their experiences in school and after school science contexts. All three participants struggled to see their future selves as scientists and made distinctions amongst being a science person, a person who likes science, or a scientist. They also negotiated views of science as active and hands‐on in the afterschool setting while experiencing more passive and decontextualized forms of science in the formal school setting. Implications include a need to disrupt the culture of science and reimagine formal science education by learning from out‐of‐school time science programs that function as counterspaces to support Black girls' science identity. We conclude that there remains a need to draw attention to and understand the role of race and racism in science education so that Black girls' science identities are affirmed beyond counterspaces.
Value creation mechanism through carbon asset for the sustainability of the automobile sector
Authors: Zhang Caiping , Yu Ning , Tan Deming , Yin Xiangxiang , Randhir Timothy O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA low carbon economy gives a new connotation to enterprise value and developing carbon assets is an effective way to enhance enterprise low carbon value. Using the theory of stakeholders, sustainable development and value chain, and taking the low carbon practice of Toyota Motor Company as the research object, this paper explores and constructs the value creation mechanism of carbon assets using a single case study method. There is a positive interaction between carbon assets and enterprise value creation. The low‐carbon value creation of enterprises should first balance the stakeholders' carbon assets to meet stakeholders' low‐carbon requirements, thus providing the necessary conditions for enterprises' low‐carbon value creation. Carbon assets can be fully and effectively developed using a low‐carbon value chain. Value‐addition and value realization in low‐carbon basic value activities and auxiliary value activities can create long‐term and synergistic economic value and environmental value for enterprises and promote sustainable development.
Decorating Flower‐Like Ni(OH)2 Microspheres on Biomass‐Derived Porous Carbons for Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Yanfang , Li Long , Luosang Baxi , Shao Menglin , Fu Xiaoqi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, flower‐like Ni(OH)2 microspheres decorated on biomass‐derived porous carbons (Ni/PC) were fabricated via a facile two‐step approach for high performance supercapacitor. The as‐prepared Ni/PC offered an outstanding specific capacitance of 1960 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 current density. The Ni/PC electrode showed well capacitance retention of 85 % after 5000 cycles in alkaline electrolyte. In addition, the home‐assembled Ni‐0.3/PC//activated carbon solid‐state asymmetric device exhibited 40 Wh kg−1 high‐energy density at 800 W kg−1 power density with superior cycle stability. The superior electrochemical performances can be attributed to two aspects that the large surface of Ni/PC exposes more active sites for rapid faradic reactions, and the incorporation of N/S‐doped PC accelerates the charge transfer efficiency and improves electrical conductivity. This study provides an efficient and convenient method for the preparation of electrochemical materials combining transition metal hydroxides and biomass carbon, which can be used as electrode materials for energy storage and energy conversion.
Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Starch Isolated from the Rhizome of Drynaria roosii: A Novel Source
Authors: Ran Liping , Luo Jiaoyan , Wang Yiqing , Zou Jiuchun , Yao Huihui , Zhang Rong , Chen Xinyu , Xiong Fei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDrynaria roosii, a traditional Chinese medicine, is a large epiphytic fern that belongs to the family Polypodiaceae. It is a novel starch plant resource with commercial value. The physicochemical properties of starch isolated from the rhizome of D. roosii are investigated for the first time and compared with those of other commercial starches, including Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, Triticum aestivum L., and Manihot esculenta Crantz. The rhizome of D. roosii contains total starch and apparent amylose contents of 17.26% and 30.01%, respectively. The starch from D. roosii has a unimodal distribution, large particles with elliptical or spherical to irregular shape, CB‐type crystal pattern, and no single‐helix structure. The swelling power, solubility, pasting temperature, and breakdown and setback viscosities are the lowest, and the resistant starch contents in native, gelatinized, and retrograded starches are the highest. The amylopectin of the starch from D. roosii exhibits lower proportions of short chains with DP 6–24, higher proportions of longer chains with DP 25–100, and average chain length than those of the other three starches. These findings have great significance to broaden the understanding of Polypodiaceae starch, which has great potential for utilization in food industries.
Examining the interdependence in the growth of students' language and argument competencies in replicative and generative learning environments
Authors: Cikmaz Ali , Fulmer Gavin , Yaman Fatma , Hand Brian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLanguage and argument are epistemic tools that learners can use to help them generate and validate knowledge for themselves, as emphasized in NGSS and previous NRC reports. Not all learning environments elicit or support the use of these epistemic tools equally, thus affecting how students grow in competence in relation to their use. The present study examined growth in students' competencies in language and argument during one semester, with a comparison of two learning environments—replicative versus generative—using students' lab reports. It also examined interdependence between these growth patterns. The participants (n = 30) were simultaneously enrolled in two required introductory‐level science lab courses—Chemistry‐I Lab (generative) and Physics‐I Lab (replicative)—taken during the first fall semester at the university. The students' written reports for each weekly lab (n = 490) were collected at the end of the semester and scored to quantify students' quality of argument (as holistic argument) and language use (as multimodal representation). This growth was modeled using linear mixed‐effects regression for each competence and each environment. Quadratic modeling was also used to show whether the trend of the growth demonstrated constant increase or a leveling off. Findings provide evidence that students showed higher growth in language and argument competencies in their lab reports for the generative learning environment than in their lab reports for the replicative learning environment. The findings also suggest that there is marked interdependence between the growth patterns of the argument and language competencies. Implications are discussed for learning environments to promote language and argument development. The interdependence of argument and language growth highlights that encouraging language use in a generative manner can be a promising direction for improving argumentation and, by extension, science learning in science classrooms.
Rapidity dependence of heavy-flavour production in heavy-ion collisions within a full 3+1 transport approach: quenching, elliptic and directed flow
Authors: Beraudo Andrea , De Pace Arturo , Monteno Marco , Nardi Marzia , Prino Francesco 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We extend our POWLANG transport setup for the modelling of heavy-flavour production in heavy-ion collisions to the case of full 3+1 simulations, dropping the approximation of longitudinal boost-invariance of the background medium. This enables us to provide predictions for observables for which the rapidity dependence is essential in order to obtain a non-vanishing signal, like the directed flow v1, and to get reliable results also for kinematic distributions of heavy-flavour particles at forward rapidity. We compare our predictions with experimental data obtained in Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions at RHIC and at the LHC.
QCD evolution of the gluon Sivers function in heavy flavor dijet production at the Electron-Ion Collider
Authors: Kang Zhong-Bo , Reiten Jared , Shao Ding Yu , Terry John 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUsing Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, we develop the transverse-momentum-dependent factorization formalism for heavy flavor dijet production in polarized-proton-electron collisions. We consider heavy flavor mass corrections in the collinear-soft and jet functions, as well as the associated evolution equations. Using this formalism, we generate a prediction for the gluon Sivers asymmetry for charm and bottom dijet production at the future Electron-Ion Collider. Furthermore, we compare theoretical predictions with and without the inclusion of finite quark masses. We find that the heavy flavor mass effects can give sizable corrections to the predicted asymmetry.
Critical behaviour of hydrodynamic series
Authors: Asadi M. , Soltanpanahi H. , Taghinavaz F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We investigate the time-dependent perturbations of strongly coupled $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory at finite temperature and finite chemical potential with a second order phase transition. This theory is modelled by a top-down Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton description which is a consistent truncation of the dimensional reduction of type IIB string theory on AdS5×S5. We focus on spin-1 and spin-2 sectors of perturbations and compute the linearized hydrodynamic transport coefficients up to the third order in gradient expansion. We also determine the radius of convergence of the hydrodynamic mode in spin-1 sector and the lowest non-hydrodynamic modes in spin-2 sector. Analytically, we find that all the hydrodynamic quantities have the same critical exponent near the critical point θ = $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

. Moreover, we propose a relation between symmetry enhancement of the underlying theory and vanishing of the only third order hydrodynamic transport coefficient θ1, which appears in the shear dispersion relation of a conformal theory on a flat background.
Continuum-mediated self-interacting dark matter
Authors: Chaffey Ian , Fichet Sylvain , Tanedo Philip 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Dark matter may self-interact through a continuum of low-mass states. This happens if dark matter couples to a strongly-coupled nearly-conformal hidden sector. This type of theory is holographically described by brane-localized dark matter interacting with bulk fields in a slice of 5D anti-de Sitter space. The long-range potential in this scenario depends on a non-integer power of the spatial separation, in contrast to the Yukawa potential generated by the exchange of a single 4D mediator. The resulting self-interaction cross section scales like a non-integer power of velocity. We identify the Born, classical and resonant regimes and investigate them using state-of-the-art numerical methods. We demonstrate the viability of our continuum-mediated framework to address the astrophysical small-scale structure anomalies. Investigating the continuum-mediated Sommerfeld enhancement, we demonstrate that a pattern of resonances can occur depending on the non-integer power. We conclude that continuum mediators introduce novel power-law scalings which open new possibilities for dark matter self-interaction phenomenology.
Flux-mediated dark matter
Authors: Kang Yoo-Jin , Lee Hyun Min , Menkara Adriana G. , Song Jiseon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We propose a new mechanism to communicate between fermion dark matter and the Standard Model (SM) only through the four-form flux. The four-form couplings are responsible for the relaxation of the Higgs mass to the correct value and the initial displacement of the reheating pseudo-scalar field from the minimum. We show that the simultaneous presence of the pseudo-scalar coupling to fermion dark matter and the flux-induced Higgs mixing gives rise to unsuppressed annihilations of dark matter into the SM particles at present, whereas the direct detection bounds from XENON1T can be avoided. We suggest exploring the interesting bulk parameter space of the model for which dark matter annihilates dominantly into a pair of singlet-like scalars with similar mass as for dark matter.
Stock market returns and oil price shocks: A CoVaR analysis based on dynamic vine copula models
Authors: Kielmann Julia , Manner Hans , Min Aleksey 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCrude oil plays a significant role in economic developments in the world. Understanding the relationship between oil price changes and stock market returns helps to improve portfolio strategies and risk positions. Kilian (Am Econ Rev 99(3): 1053–1069, 2009) proposes to decompose the oil price into three types of oil price shocks by using a structural vector autoregression model. This paper investigates the dynamic, nonlinear dependence and risk spillover effects between BRICS stock returns and the different types of oil price shocks using an appropriate multivariate and dynamic copula model. Risk is measured using the conditional value at risk, conditioning on one or more simultaneous oil and stock market shocks. For this purpose, a D-vine-based quantile regression model and the GAS copula model are combined. Our results show, inter alia, that the early stages of the Covid-19 crisis lead to increasing risk levels in the BRICS stock markets except for the Chinese one, which has recovered quickly and therefore shows no changes in the risk level.
Change of tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance during total knee arthroplasty had no influence on clinical outcome and anterior knee pain
Authors: Hess Silvan , Fromm Timo , Schiapparelli Filippo , Moser Lukas B. , Robertson Emma , Amsler Felix , Rasch Helmut , Hirschmann Michael T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The main purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between the change of tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance and clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods
A total of 52 knees undergoing TKA due to primary osteoarthritis were included in this retrospective study. All patients had pre- and postoperative CT scans. TT-TG distance was measured by two independent observers and the following alignment parameters were measured: hip-knee ankle angle (HKA), femoral mechanical angle (FMA), tibial mechanical angle (TMA), and posterior condylar angle (PCA). Clinical outcome was assessed using Knee Society Score (KSS) pre- and post-operatively and at a minimum of 12-month follow-up. Evidence of AKP was noted from follow-up reports. Pre- and postoperative scores were compared using a paired Student t-test. Pearson correlations were calculated to assess the influence of TT-TG on clinical outcome and of alignment parameters on the change in TT-TG. TT-TG between patients with and without AKP was compared using unpaired Student’s t-test (p < 0.05).

Results
Neither the absolute postoperative TT-TG nor the amount of change in TT-TG correlated with the post-operative KSS or the change in KSS. Post-operative TT-TG and change in TT-TG did not differ significantly between patients with and patients without AKP. Only the change in FMA showed a correlation with the change in TT-TG (p = 0.01, r = 0.36).

Conclusion
Despite a missing correlation between outcomes and TT-TG distance in this study, excessive TT-TG distance should be avoided. Furthermore, surgeons need to be aware that changes in femoral joint line orientation might affect TT-TG distance.
Einfaches Verfahren zur Abschätzung des postoperativen Abbildungsmaßstabs und der Aniseikonie bei der Kataraktoperation
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Hoffmann Peter , Wendelstein Jascha , Szentmáry Nóra 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Zielsetzung
Die Aniseikonie als mögliche Ursache asthenopischer Beschwerden tritt bei der modernen Kataraktchirurgie oft in den Hintergrund. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, dem Kliniker ein einfaches Berechnungsmodell an die Hand zu geben, mit dem der Abbildungsmaßstab des pseudophaken Auges abgeschätzt werden kann.

Methoden
Das Berechnungsschema für den Abbildungsmaßstab des pseudophaken Auges bezieht sich auf die formelbasierte (vergenzbasierte) Berechnung der Intraokularlinse mit theoretisch-optischen Formeln. Aus den biometrischen Größen, die in der Regel für beide Augen bei der Linsenberechnung vorliegen, kann aus den Vergenzen vor und hinter den 3 oder 4 refraktiven Grenzflächen im pseudophaken Augenmodell der Abbildungsmaßstab für Objekte im Unendlichen oder in einer endlichen Messdistanz ermittelt werden.

Ergebnisse
Bei der formelbasierten Berechnung wird ein pseudophakes Augenmodell mit 3 bzw. 4 refraktiven Grenzflächen (postoperative Brillenrefraktion; dünne Hornhaut, beschrieben durch die Vorderfläche, bzw. dicke Hornhaut, beschrieben durch die Vorder- und Rückfläche; Intraokularlinse) definiert und mit den Methoden der linearen Optik die Vergenz vor und hinter jeder Grenzfläche bestimmt. Der Quotient aus dem Produkt der Vergenzen vor den Grenzflächen und dem Produkt der Vergenzen unmittelbar hinter den Grenzflächen beschreibt direkt den Abbildungsmaßstab des Auges. Aus dem Vergleich des Abbildungsmaßstabs beider Augen kann unmittelbar der retinale Bildgrößenunterschied ermittelt werden. Exemplarisch wird dies anhand der Haigis- und Hoffer-Q-Formel (3 Flächen) und der Castrop-Formel (4 Flächen) gezeigt.

Schlussfolgerungen
Wird bei der Planung der Kataraktoperation die Biometrie und Linsenberechnung an beiden Augen durchgeführt, so kann mit einfachen Mitteln der Abbildungsmaßstab bei beiden Augen und aus dem Vergleich beider Augen die Aniseikonie des pseudophaken Patienten ermittelt werden. Eine derartige Abschätzung sollte fester Bestandteil der Linsenberechnung werden, um mögliche asthenopische Beschwerden nach der Kataraktoperation früh zu erkennen.
High-performance adaptive texture streaming and rendering of large 3D cities
Authors: Zhang Alex , Chen Kan , Johan Henry , Erdt Marius 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe propose a high-performance texture streaming system for real-time rendering of large 3D cities with millions of textures. Our main contribution is a texture streaming system that automatically adjusts the streaming workload at runtime based on measured frame latencies, specifically addressing the high memory binding costs of hardware virtual texturing which causes frame rate stuttering. Our system streams textures in parallel with prioritization based on GPU computed mesh perceptibility, and these textures are cached in a sparse partially resident image at runtime without the need for a texture preprocessing step. In addition, we improve rendering quality by minimizing texture pop-in artifacts using a color blending scheme based on mipmap levels. We evaluate our texture streaming system using three structurally distinct datasets with many textures and compared it to a baseline, a game engine, and our prior method. Results show an 8X improvement in rendering performance and 7X improvement in rendering quality compared to the baseline.
Periinterventional inflammation and blood transfusions predict postprocedural delirium after percutaneous repair of mitral and tricuspid valves
Authors: Körber Maria I. , Schäfer Matthieu , Vimalathasan Rakave , Mauri Victor , Iliadis Christos , Metze Clemens , Freyhaus Henrik ten , Rudolph Volker , Baldus Stephan , Pfister Roman 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine predictors and impact of postoperative delirium (POD) on outcome after percutaneous repair of mitral and tricuspid valves.

Background
POD is common in elderly patients and contributes to increased health care costs and worse outcome. Predictors of POD in percutaneous mitral or tricuspid valve procedures are unclear.

Methods
In a prospective single-center study, patients were screened for POD using the Confusion Assessment Method on the first and second postprocedural days, and up until 7 days in patients with clinical suspicion of delirium. Associations of POD with baseline characteristics, periprocedural outcome and mid-term mortality were examined.

Results
One hundred and seventy-seven patients were included (median age 78 years [72–82], 41.8% female) and median (IQR) follow-up was 489 (293–704) days. Patients developing POD (n = 16, 9%) did not differ in baseline and procedural characteristics but more often received postinterventional blood transfusions (37.5% vs. 9.9%, p value = 0.007) and suffered from infections (43.8% vs. 9.9%, p value = 0.001). Patients with POD showed worse survival (HR: 2.71 [1.27–5.78]; p = 0.01), with an estimated 1-year survival of 46 ± 13% compared to 80 ± 3% in patients without POD (log-rank p value 0.007). In multivariate Cox regression, POD remained a significant predictor of mid-term mortality (HR 4.75 [1.97–11.5]; p = 0.001).

Conclusion
After percutaneous mitral or tricuspid valve repair, POD was independently associated with worse mid-term survival. Procedure- rather than patient-associated characteristics such as blood transfusions and infections emerged as important risk factors for development of POD. Considering the substantial prognostic impact of POD, further studies on its prevention are warranted to improve patient outcome.