bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Observations
Authors: Singh Anirudh 
Published: October 2021

This chapter continues with the task of examining the basic framework of physics started in the last chapter. It begins by noting that the laws and theories of physics may be categorized into the phenomenological, the fundamental, and the historical. These theories are related to varying extents to the theory of the universe, with historical theories such as the electroweak theory showing the greatest dependence.
The fundamental requirement of physics implies that it is possible for the laws of physics to change as the universe evolves. This means that after the Big Bang theory, the fundamental laws should become time-varying. Another consequence is that it becomes possible for the large-scale behavior of the universe to be asymmetrical.
Symmetry may be expressed as a probability distribution related to its group of symmetry transformations, and remains inherently an aspect of a single entity or process. Symmetry can only originate from the observer—it exists in the mind space of the observer.
The notion of nature in the real (physical) world can only refer to the relationship of physical behavior in terms of the backdrop of physical causalities. Nature has no other meaning in the physical context.
Dialogue
Authors: Weigand Edda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe article unfolds dialogue as the complex whole of human action and behaviour in the theory of New Science. The actual state of research in dialogue analysis seems to be a garden of a thousand flowers where scholars can pick out the flower they like. Can this be science? New Science is introduced as science of complexity which represents a new hierarchy of integrated components derived from the complex whole. The structure of dialogue as the complex whole allows us to describe and explain all pertinent components inonetheory. The article briefly outlines the main components: action and grammar. New Science also means the end of unjustified assumptions which underlie most of the various current models of science and philosophy and calls for verification by neuro- and sociobiology.
Dynamics of flowing 2D skyrmions
Authors: Coelho Rodrigo C V , Tasinkevych Mykola , Telo da Gama Margarida M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigate, numerically, the effects of externally imposed material flows on the structure and temporal evolution of liquid crystal (LC) skyrmions. The dynamics of a 2D system of skyrmions is modeled using the Ericksen–Leslie theory, which is based on two coupled equations, one for material flow and the other for the director field. As the time scales of the velocity and director fields differ by several orders of magnitude for realistic values of the system parameters, we have simplified the calculations by assuming that the velocity relaxes instantaneously when compared to the relaxation of the director field. Thus, we have used a finite-differences method known as artificial compressibility with adaptive time step to solve the velocity field and a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method for the director field. We characterized the skyrmion shape or configuration as a function of the time and the average velocity of the flow field. We found that for velocities above a certain threshold, the skyrmions stretch in the direction perpendicular to the flow, by contrast to the regime of weak flows where the skyrmions stretch along the streamlines of the flow field. These two regimes are separated by an abrupt (first-order) dynamical transition, which is robust with respect to e.g., the LC elastic anisotropy. Additionally, we have found how the presence of a second skyrmion affects the evolution of the shape of the skyrmions, by comparing the evolution of pairs of skyrmions to the evolution of a single-skyrmion.
Long-time behavior of partially damped systems modeling degenerate plates with piers
Authors: Gazzola Filippo , Soufyane Abdelaziz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We consider a partially damped nonlinear beam-wave system of evolution PDE’s modeling the dynamics of a degenerate plate. The plate can move both vertically and torsionally and, consequently, the solution has two components. We show that the component from the damped beam equation always vanishes asymptotically while the component from the (undamped) wave equation does not. In case of small energies we show that the first component vanishes at exponential rate. Our results highlight that partial damping is not enough to steer the whole solution to rest and that the partially damped system can be less stable than the undamped system. Hence, the model and the behavior of the solution enter in the framework of the so-called indirect damping and destabilization paradox. These phenomena are valorized by the physical interpretation in the final section, leading to possible new explanations of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse. Several natural problems are left open.
Consistency of optimizing finite-time Carnot engines with the low-dissipation model in the two-level atomic heat engine
Authors: Ma Yu-Han , Sun C P , Dong Hui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The efficiency at the maximum power (EMP) for finite-time Carnot engines established with the low-dissipation model, relies significantly on the assumption of the inverse proportion scaling of the irreversible entropy generation ΔS
(ir) on the operation time τ, i.e. ΔS
(ir) ∝ 1/τ. The optimal operation time of the finite-time isothermal process for EMP has to be within the valid regime of the inverse proportion scaling. Yet, such consistency was not tested due to the unknown coefficient of the 1/τ-scaling. In this paper, we reveal that the optimization of the finite-time two-level atomic Carnot engines with the low-dissipation model is consistent only in the regime of η
C ≪ 2(1 − δ)/(1 + δ), where η
C is the Carnot efficiency, and δ is the compression ratio in energy level difference of the heat engine cycle. In the large-η
C regime, the operation time for EMP obtained with the low-dissipation model is not within the valid regime of the 1/τ-scaling, and the exact EMP of the engine is found to surpass the well-known bound η
+ = η
C/(2 − η
C).
Alginate-CMC/Fe3O4-CaO nanocomposite as a catalyst for synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil
Authors: Sudana I W , Helmiyati  , Yunarti R T 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Biodiesel as a renewable fuel was found as an environmentally friendly alternative for fossil fuels. In this work, a green heterogeneous catalyst, a combination of Alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) biopolymer and Fe3O4-CaO supported by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used as a catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) through transesterification reaction. The maximum biodiesel yield obtained was 89.30 % with catalyst loading of 0.9 wt.% and reaction time of 2 h by using Alginate-CMC/Fe3O4-CaO nanocomposites. Properties of the obtained biodiesel (density and acid number) were close to the international standards (SNI and ASTM). These results indicate that alginate-CMC biopolymer can be utilized as a support catalyst derived from the biodegradable raw materials and is renewable and green as promising for heterogeneous catalysts in biodiesel production.
Elucidation of morphology developed of CaxCey/ZrO2 solid catalyst for the production of lactic acid from glycerol conversion
Authors: Razali N , Abdullah A Z 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Monometallic and bimetallic noble metal supported catalysts have been tested for the catalytic glycerol oxidation to lactic acid. Modification of zirconia, (ZrO2) using CaO, which is an alkaline earth metal as the base source and Ce as the metal source to give, 30wt%CaxCey/ZrO2 was investigated. The catalysts were prepared using co-precipitation method at different of Cax to Cey ratios (x:y = 1.0:0.5 – 1.0:3.0) and subsequently calcined at 800 °C. Subsequently, the glycerol reaction to lactic acid was carried out at a 250 °C for 2 h in a base free condition using pure glycerol. The interaction between the metallic sites and CeO2 support showed was characterized to elucidate the developed morphology of catalyst. The textural and structural properties of the catalysts were studied using Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was found that the morphology of the catalyst well developed and contribute to the significant reaction activity through the reaction mechanism. The spent catalyst also could produce the lactic acid and the morphology is still in a good condition showing capability of cyclability.
The development of IoT Smart House Automation System controlled wirelessly via OpenHab central server
Authors: Redzwan F N M , Suhaimi A H F , Husaini A K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Smart home technology, also often referred to as home automation, provides homeowners security, comfort, convenience, and energy efficiency by allowing them to control smart devices, often by a smart home app on their smartphone or another networked device. A part of the internet of things (IoT), smart home systems and devices often operate together, sharing consumer usage data among themselves and automating actions based on the homeowners’ preferences. This smart home automation system will be a server-based system using the OpenHab central server that can connect and control the house appliances by using an application that can be installed on the smartphone. By using this smart house system, the user can control their home appliances from distance. It can reduce the cost and provide better time management of the household.
Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Mussel Shell Powder as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Non-Load Concrete Brick
Authors: Zahid A Z M , Zin M M , Saifullizam N Z , Khalid N , Kamaruddin S F , Chik W S W 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The pozzolanic properties of the industrial by-product palm oil fuel ash (POFA) has given this material a unique characteristic that can be used as a cement substitute. Meanwhile, the abundance of waste seashells which contain an enormous amount of calcium oxide (CaO) available around the world has led this material to be another potential waste material as substitutes for conventional materials in concrete. The percentage amount of POFA used as a replacement was constant at 20% from the amount of cement. On the other hand, mussel shell powder (MSP) was replaced by 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% with the decrement of 2% of OPC used for each of the design. The physical and chemical properties of the materials and the mechanical properties of concrete brick were identified for 7, 14 dan 28 days. The inclusion of POFA and MSP in the concrete brick mix in this study reduced the compressive strength of the concrete in the early days and enhanced at the late stages. Apart from that, the compressive strength of the concrete brick mixtures decreased along with the increasing percentage of MSP as the increment content of CaO from MSP reduced the hydration process. The optimum percentage of MSP replacement in this study is 4% with 20% replacement of POFA and 76% OPC. The application of these materials as supplementary cementitious materials in the construction industry, particularly in producing non-load concrete brick will simultaneously encourage reducing potential pollutions and promote sustainability.
Fire-Resistant Properties of Modified Epoxy Based Intumescent Fire-Retardant Coating: Hybridizing of Oyster Shell Powder with Glass Frit
Authors: Lee Y X , Ahmad F , Kakooei S , Azmi Y , Kabir S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fire retardant coatings play vital role in safety of construction nowadays, to delay the fire propagation and provide more time for evacuation. The current research work aimed to study the use of modified siloxane epoxy binder to develop intumescent coating. Polyamide amine was used as a hardener. Three different sets of formulations were developed by using three different fillers, namely the oyster shell powder (OSP), glass frit (GF) and combination of both oyster shell powder and glass frit (OG). All three set of formulation also includes the basic ingredients of intumescent coating. These samples were used to study the synergistic effects of fillers on thermal performance of the coating as well tested for char expansion, heat shielding, char morphology and composition. Fire resistant testing was conducted by using a Bunsen Burner and GF samples had found to have minimum substrate temperature of 175.3°C. The char morphology was analysed via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) which confirmed the adhesion between the matrix with fillers. Furnace test was carried out to investigate the char expansion of OSP/GF/OG with the modified siloxane epoxy composition and the maximum expansion was OSP 1% with intumescent factor of 7.78. XRD was conducted to evaluate the residual compounds in the char and FTIR was utilized to analyse the functional group where O-H, C-N, O=C=O and C=C bonds were found in the degradation compounds in the char residual of the coatings.
Constructing a Blueprint of a Kolek
Authors: Rahman N A A , Johan M A , Ismail N M K N , Ahmad S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Kolek, a Malay Traditional Boat, is slowly forgotten by the younger generation due to several reasons. In this paper, an in-depth study was conducted to construct a Kolek blueprint for preservation using the Reverse Engineering method on the existing artifact in Malay Traditional Boat Yard located at Pulau Duyung. The study was conducted through several phases namely boat measurement, digitization, and analyses. As a result, a Kolek Lines Plan was produced using Rhinoceros 5 for reference by future generations. Then analyses were carried out using PolyCAD version 10.4 to obtain hydrostatic properties of the Kolek for its stability, and resistance to determine the power requirements needed for the Kolek. The results show the blueprint of the Kolek that can be develop as well as mechanical properties of the Kolek can be obtained using modern naval architecture techniques. This blueprint can be used to build new boats by the next generation using the hybrid method which is a combination of modern and traditional methods.
The development of a preschool event management system using usability heuristic theory
Authors: Yusoff N S M , Bakar N A A A , Daud N M N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Preschool Event Management System for Genius Aulad (PEMS) is a computerized prototype system, developed to facilitate preschool event management process handling. Genius Aulad Kuala Terengganu has been selected as a case study. Adapting a more systematic data management approach is critical to elevate problems inherent from the current manual way used in managing the event management related processes. The issues that lead to the proposal of the new system are difficult to inform the upcoming events to the parents, missing confirmation messages due to unstructured conversation, paper-based registration form used cause inefficient data storage and retrieval, the payment for event program always overdue and limited type of report can be generated. The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) using Adapted Waterfall Model serves as a development methodology. Furthermore, the Usability Heuristic for User Interface Design is adapted in developing the system interface. The PEMS is tested and evaluated in terms of functionality and usability by the developer, and five target users. The test case and scenario are used to evaluate the functionality of the system. Meanwhile, the usability metric is applied to evaluate the usability of the system. The SUS score for PEMS is 82.5, which means the users are satisfied with the overall usability of the system. All the recommendations received during the testing session can be used as a reference for future work. With the existence of PEMS it is hoped that it will bring benefits to the organization when using this system.
Application of TOPSIS Method for Decision Making in Selecting the Best New Car in Malaysia
Authors: Nor-Al-Din S M , Razali N K , Sukri N M , Rosli M A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purchasing and selecting of vehicles especially cars in the market is a tough decision to make due to the variety of the operational and technical parameter specifications such as design, body shape, technology used, and many more. Therefore, selection procedure techniques are required in order to overcome this problem. In the decision-making model, Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is one of the selection procedure techniques to be embraced into this study. This technique provides a base for decision-making processes where there are limited numbers of choices but each has a large number of attributes. In this project, the selected vehicles were ranked based on their segments. The best car for sedan is Proton Persona, Proton Iriz was ranked as the best hatchback, Perodua Alza is the best MPV and Perodua Aruz was ranked as the best SUV. This result was based on the main criteria which are cost and total displacement, then follow by seat capacity, boot capacity, and top speed of the vehicle.
Effects of Different Drying Methods on Antioxidant Properties of Malaysian Ginger
Authors: Mustafa I , Chin N L , Yusof Y A , Husin M F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Malaysian ginger is one the sought herbs that contains a lot of beneficial properties that could contribute to health. However, most usage of ginger from its fresh form which is prone to microorganisms’ spoilage. Therefore, effects of shade, sun, oven, vacuum oven, and freeze drying on phytochemical contents, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), phosphomolybdenum assays, 2,2’azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid) disodium salt (ABTS·+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH·), hydroxyl (OH·) radical and metal chelating properties of Halia Bara were studied. Dried and fresh ginger crude extracts were extracted with ethanol. The freeze-dried extract had highest level of total phenolic of about 20.07 mg GAE/g dry extract as compared to fresh ginger extract at 10.52 mg GAE/g dry extract. For antioxidant activity of FRAP and phosphomolybdenum, sun-dried extract exhibited the highest values with increase of 3.95-fold and 4.29-fold from fresh ginger extract, respectively. In scavenging ABTS·+ radical, sun-dried extract also exhibited the highest values with increase of 2.07-fold from fresh ginger extract. Sun-dried extracts also had the lowest IC50 of 14.69 μg/ml. The ascorbic acid of ginger types was below 1.5 mg AA/g extract. Sun-dried ginger extract exhibited most significant antioxidant potential and as free radical scavengers.
Convergence of equilibrium measures corresponding to finite subgraphs of infinite graphs: New examples
Authors: Gurevich B. 
Published: October 2021

A problem from thermodynamic formalism for countable symbolic Markov chains is considered. It concerns asymptotic behavior of the equilibrium measures corresponding to increasing sequences of finite submatrices of an infinite nonnegative matrix

A
A

when these sequences converge to

A
A

. After reviewing the results obtained up to now, a solution of the problem is given for a new matrix class. The geometric language of loaded graphs is used, instead of the matrix language.
Geometric description of the Hochschild cohomology of group algebras
Authors: Mishchenko Alexander 
Published: October 2021

There are two approaches to the study of the cohomology of group algebras

R
[
G
]

R[G]

, the Eilenberg–MacLane cohomology and the Hochschild cohomology. The Eilenberg–MacLane cohomology gives the classical cohomology of the classifying space

B
G

BG

(or the Eilenberg–MacLane complex

K
(
G
,
1
)

K(G,1)

). Note that the space

B
G

BG

can be interpreted as a classifying space of the groupoid of the trivial action of the group

G
G

.

The Hochschild cohomology is a more general construction, which considers the so-called bimodules of the algebra

R
[
G
]

R[G]

and their derivative functors

Ext
⁡
(
R
[
G
]
,
M
)

\operatorname {Ext}(R[G],M)

, for which no geometric interpretation has been known so far.

The key point for calculating the Hochschild cohomology

H

H
∗

(
R
[
G
]
)

HH^*(R[G])

is the new groupoid

G
r

Gr

associated with the adjoint action of the group

G
G

. For this groupoid, the classical cohomology of the corresponding classification space

B
G
r

BGr

with the finiteness condition for the supports of cochains is isomorphic to the Hochschild cohomology of the algebra

R
[
G
]

R[G]

:

H

H
∗

(
R
[
G
]
)
≈

H
f
∗

(
B
G
r
)
.

\begin{equation*} HH^*(R[G])\approx H^*_f(BGr). \end{equation*}

This result represents a fundamental contribution to understanding the geometry of the cohomological properties of group algebras, in particular, understanding the differences between the homology and cohomology of group algebras.

The paper is devoted to the motivation of the Hochschild (co)homology group of the group algebra

R
[
G
]

R[G]

and its description in terms of the classical (co)homology of the classifying space of the groupoid of the adjoint action of the original group

G
G

under a suitable finiteness assumption on the supports of the cohomology group.
Parabolic induction via the parabolic pro-𝑝 Iwahori–Hecke algebra
Authors: Heyer Claudius 
Published: October 2021

Let

G

\mathbf {G}

be a connected reductive group defined over a locally compact non-archimedean field

F
F

, let

P

\mathbf {P}

be a parabolic subgroup with Levi

M

\mathbf {M}

and compatible with a pro-

p
p

Iwahori subgroup of

G
≔

G

(
F
)

G ≔\mathbf {G}(F)

. Let

R
R

be a commutative unital ring.

We introduce the parabolic pro-

p
p

Iwahori–Hecke

R
R

-algebra

H

R

(
P
)

\mathcal {H}_R(P)

of

P
≔

P

(
F
)

P ≔\mathbf {P}(F)

and construct two

R
R

-algebra morphisms

Θ
M
P

:

H

R

(
P
)
→

H

R

(
M
)

\Theta ^P_M\colon \mathcal {H}_R(P)\to \mathcal {H}_R(M)

and

Ξ
G
P

:

H

R

(
P
)
→

H

R

(
G
)

\Xi ^P_G\colon \mathcal {H}_R(P) \to \mathcal {H}_R(G)

into the pro-

p
p

Iwahori–Hecke

R
R

-algebra of

M
≔

M

(
F
)

M ≔\mathbf {M}(F)

and

G
G

, respectively. We prove that the resulting functor

Mod
⁡
-

H

R

(
M
)
→
Mod
⁡
-

H

R

(
G
)

\operatorname {Mod}\text {-}\mathcal {H}_R(M) \to \operatorname {Mod}\text {-}\mathcal {H}_R(G)

from the category of right

H

R

(
M
)

\mathcal {H}_R(M)

-modules to the category of right

H

R

(
G
)

\mathcal {H}_R(G)

-modules (obtained by pulling back via

Θ
M
P

\Theta ^P_M

and extension of scalars along

Ξ
G
P

\Xi ^P_G

) coincides with the parabolic induction due to Ollivier–Vignéras.

The maps

Θ
M
P

\Theta ^P_M

and

Ξ
G
P

\Xi ^P_G

factor through a common subalgebra

H

R

(
M
,
G
)

\mathcal {H}_R(M,G)

of

H

R

(
G
)

\mathcal {H}_R(G)

which is very similar to

H

R

(
M
)

\mathcal {H}_R(M)

. Studying these algebras

H

R

(
M
,
G
)

\mathcal {H}_R(M,G)

for varying

(
M
,
G
)

(M,G)

we prove a transitivity property for tensor products. As an application we give a new proof of the transitivity of parabolic induction.