bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of the enhancement of the convective activities of tropical Pacific on the trend of stratospheric sudden warmings in the period of 1948-2003
Authors: Li Yuanpu , Wen Zhiping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The exploration of the trend of stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) in the Northern Hemisphere is conducive to predict SSWs in the future. Utilizing the National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) (1948–2017) and Japanese 55-year reanalysis data (JRA55) (1958–2017), we investigated the duration and strength of SSWs in the Northern Hemisphere winter (December-February). We found the duration of SSWs has an increasing trend and the strength of SSWs tends to strengthen from 1948 to 2003. However, after 2003, these trends did not continue. We also utilize the observed cloudiness from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) to examine the convective activities in the tropical Pacific and found that the convective activities in the tropical central Pacific are enhanced during the period of 1948–2003, and the trend of the enhancement of the convective activities ceases after 2003. The circulation anomalies caused by the enhanced convective activities propagate to the troposphere at high latitudes through wave trains. The anomalies of circulation and the climatic circulation at high latitudes interfere with each other and superimpose, which has a significant impact on planetary wave 1 (PW1). As a result, the PW1 in the troposphere also showed an increasing trend from 1948 to 2003 and a decreasing trend after 2003. After the stratosphere filters out the planetary wave with a large wavenumber, PW1 accounts for more proportion of planetary waves, which causes the trend of SSW to change synchronously.
Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalize HY Zeolite With Sulfunic Acid, A Micro-meso Structure as an Efficient Reusable Catalyst in Organic Transformations
Authors: Zendehdel Mojgan , Tavakoli Fatemeh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A new class of catalyst has been prepared with sulfunic acid functionalized HY zeolite (HY-N-SO3H) and characterized by FESEM, TEM, FTIR, TGA, XRD and BET. The result show that the catalyst has the micro-meso structure without ordering in the mesophase. Then, two sets of organic reaction were examined to consider of catalytic activity. The micro-meso structure HY-N-SO3H was used as an acidic catalyst to synthesis of coumarins via Pechmann reaction and facile transformation of amines to formamides under solvent free condition. This catalyst was compared with NaY-N-SO3H and MCM-N-SO3H and pure porous material to consider of the effect of acidity and kind and size of porous in the catalyst. The significant advantages of HY-N-SO3H respect to other catalyst are short reaction times, high yields, pure products, mild conditions and easy workup. In addition, we report an original and environmentally friendly solvent-free procedures which reusability of catalyst makes this method nearly green and environmental friendly.
PRM-MS&nbsp;Quantitative Analysis of Isomeric N-Glycopeptides Derived From Human Serum Haptoglobin of Patients With Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Reyes Cristian D. Gutierrez , Huang Yifan , Atashi Mojgan , Zhang Jie , Zhu Jianhui , Liu Suyu , Parikh Neehar D. , Singal Amit G. , Dai J. , Lubman David M. , Mechref Yehia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Currently surveillance strategies have inadequate performance for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Protein glycosylation is a potential source of biomarkers to differentiate between cirrhosis and HCC. We performed a comprehensive LC-PRM-MS approach where a targeted parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) strategy was coupled to a powerful LC system to study the microheterogeneity of haptoglobin (Hp) extracted from 15 patients with cirrhosis and 15 with HCC. We found that our strategy was able to identify a large number of isomeric N-glycopeptides mainly located in the glycosylation site Asn207. Nine out of twelve N-glycopeptides, located in the Asn207 site, had significant differences in abundance between patients with cirrhosis and HCC (p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was alone 0.85, which improved to 0.95 (95% CI: 0.88, 1) when NLF_5613 Isomer 1 was combined with AFP. When comparing the early HCC vs. cirrhosis, four sialylated-fucosylated glycopeptides better estimated AUCs with respect to AFP (AUCAFP = 0.66, and AUCN−glycopeptides = 0.86, 0.84, 0.88, and 0.80, respectively). Further large scale validation of glycopeptides for the early detection of HCC is warranted.
Cytokeratin 7 expression as a predictor of an unfavorable prognosis in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Hrudka Jan , Fišerová Hana , Jelínková Karolína , Matěj Radoslav , Waldauf Petr 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cytokeratins (CKs) are widely expressed in various types of carcinomas, whereas in CRC it is usually CK7 − and CK20+. A subset of CRCs is CK7+. This study aims to determine the prevalence of CK7 expression in CRC and its impact on overall survival. We analyzed 300 randomly selected surgically treated CRC cases using paraffin embedded tumor tissue samples and evaluated CK7 and CK20 expression using the tissue microarray method. Tumors with positivity > 10% and > 25% of tumor cells were considered CK7 and CK20 positive, respectively. Expression of both CKs and several clinical-pathological variables (stage, grade, laterality, mismatch-repair/MMR status) were evaluated using patient follow up data (Kaplan-Meier analysis of cancer-specific survival (CSS)). Significant results include shorter CSS (restricted mean 4.98 vs. 7.74 years, p = 0.007) and 5-year survival (29.4% vs. 64.6%, p = 0.0221) in CK7 + tumors compared to CK7 − tumors, respectively; without significant association with grade, stage or right-sided location. CK20 + tumors are more frequently MMR-proficient than left-sided. MMR-deficient tumors are more frequently right-sided and had longer survival. CK7 expression, right-sided location (rmean CSS 6.83 vs. 8.0 years, p = 0.043), MMR-deficiency (rmean CSS 7.41 vs. 9.32 years, p = 0.012), and UICC stages III + IV (rmean CSS 6.03 vs. 8.92 years, p < 0.001) of the tumor correlated with negative prognostic outcomes, whereas the most significant results concern stage and CK7 positivity. The result concerning negative prognostic role of CK7 differs from those obtained by several previous studies focused on this topic.
Should Complex Comminuted C3-Type Tibial Pilon Fractures Be Fused or Fixated? A Systematic Review
Authors: Chaudhry Yash Paul , Papadelis Efstratios , Hayes Hunter , Stahel Philip F. , Hasenboehler Erik A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Comminuted intra-articular tibial pilon fractures can be challenging to manage, with high revision rates and poor functional outcomes. This study reviewed (1) treatment, complications, and clinical outcomes in studies of complex comminuted tibial pilon fractures (type AO43-C3); and (2) primary ankle arthrodesis as a management option for these types of complex injuries.Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed from 1990-2020 to determine complications and outcomes after staged fracture fixation and primary ankle joint arthrodesis for comminuted C3-type tibial pilon fractures.The search was conducted in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines, using the following MeSH terms: “tibial pilon”/“pilon fracture”/“plafond fracture”/“distal tibial”/“43-C3”/“ankle fracture”/“ankle fusion”/“primary ankle arthrodesis”/“pilon fracture staged”/“pilon external fixation” and “pilon open reduction internal fixation.” Inclusion criteria were restricted to original articles in English language on adult patients ≥18 years of age. Eligibility criteria for retrieved publications were determined using a “PICO” approach (population, intervention/exposure, comparison, outcomes). Weighted analysis was used to compare treatment groups on time to definitive treatment, follow-up time, range of motion, fracture classification, and complications.Results: The systematic literature review using the defined MeSH terms yielded 72 original articles. Of these, 13 articles met the eligibility criteria based on the PICO statements, of which 8 publications investigated the outcomes of a staged fixation approach in 308 cumulative patients, and 5 articles focused on primary ankle arthrodesis in 69 cumulative patients. For staged treatment, the mean wound complication rate was 14.6%, and the malunion/nonunion rate was 9.9%. For primary arthrodesis, the mean wound complication rate was 2.9%, and the malunion/nonunion rate was 2.9%. After risk stratification for fracture type and severity, the small cumulative cohort of patients included in the primary arthrodesis publications did not provide sufficient power to determine a clinically relevant difference in complications and long-term patient outcomes compared to the staged surgical fixation group.Conclusions: At present, there is insufficient evidence in the published literature to provide guidance towards consideration of ankle arthrodesis for complex comminuted C3-type tibial pilon fractures, compared to the standard treatment by staged surgical fracture fixation.
Pulmonary Embolism and Splenic Infarction Caused by Polycythemia Vera
Authors: HUANG Ping , LI Yuhong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary embolism and splenic infarction are rare in patients with embolism caused by polycythemia vera, which is easy to be neglected. Case presentation: We presented a case who was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism and splenic infarction caused by polycythemia vera. The patient’s main symptoms were chest tightness, cough and sputum expectoration. Anti-infection, bronchial relaxation and phlegm treatments did not release his symptoms. Pulmonary artery Computed Tomography Angiography showed pulmonary embolism and the abdomen CT showed multiple low-density changes in the spleen. Bone marrow aspiration cytology, biopsy and genetic testing confirmed polycythemia vera. Symptoms relieved after treatment with low molecular weight heparin, hydroxyurea, diuresis, vasodilation and oxygen inhalation.Conclusions: This case emphasized that patients with polycythemia vera should be considered with the possibility of embolism, and we should give early interventions to minimize or delay the harm caused by its complications.
Accurate prediction of the extrusion forming bonding reliability for heterogeneous welded sheets based on GA-BP neural network
Authors: Gao Lei , Li Feng , Huo Peng Da , Li Chao , Xu Jie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As a widely recognized optimization method, BP neural network can provide scientific guidance for the formulation of reasonable process parameters. However, due to the randomness of its own weights and thresholds, the prediction accuracy remains to be further improved. The forming and manufacturing of heterogeneous welded sheet is a new extrusion connection method. There are many factors affecting the bonding quality, which brings trouble to the evaluation of bonding strength and quality. In this paper, orthogonal experiment, finite element simulation and process experiment were used to design and verify the key process parameters that affected the bonding strength of heterogeneous sheets. BP neural network and genetic algorithm neural network were used to predict the bonding strength. The results showed that the genetic algorithm neural network model has higher reliability, and the prediction accuracy was 99.5 %. Compared with the traditional BP neural network, the prediction accuracy was improved by 5.78 %, and the error was reduced to 0.5 %. It has good generalization ability, and provides a new way for intelligent reliability evaluation of high performance heterogeneous sheets extrusion manufacturing.
Development and Application of Rapid Injection Molds Using Aluminum-Filled&nbsp;Epoxy Resins for Metal Injection Molding
Authors: Kuo Chil-Chyuan , Pan Xin-Yu , Tasi Cheng-Xuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Metal injection molding (MIM) is a near net-shape manufacturing process combing conventional plastic injection molding and powder metallurgy. Two kinds of injections molds for MIM were developed using conventional mold steel and aluminum (Al)-filled epoxy resins in this study. The characteristics of the mold made by rapid tooling technology (RTT) were evaluated and compared to that fabricated conventional machining method through MIM process. It was found that the service life of the injection mold fabricated by Al-filled epoxy resins is about 1300 molding cycles. The saving in manufacturing cost of an injection mold made by Al-filled epoxy resins is about 30.4% compared to that fabricated conventional mold steel. The saving in manufacturing time of an injection mold made by RT technology is about 30.3% compared to that fabricated conventional machining method.
Practical geospatial and sociodemographic predictors of human mobility
Authors: Ruktanonchai Corrine , Lai Shengjie , Utazi Chigozie , Cunningham Alexander , Koper Patrycja , Rogers Grant , Ruktanonchai Nick , Sadilek Adam , Woods Dorothea , Tatem Andrew , Steele Jessica , Sorichetta Alessandro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Understanding seasonal human mobility at subnational scales has important implications across sciences, from urban planning efforts to disease modelling and control. Assessing how, when, and where populations move over the course of the year, however, requires spatially and temporally resolved datasets spanning large periods of time, which can be rare, contain sensitive information, or may be proprietary. Here, we aim to explore how a set of broadly available covariates can describe seasonal subnational mobility in Kenya, therefore enabling better modelling of seasonal mobility across low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. Methods: To do this, we used the Google Aggregated Mobility Research Dataset, containing anonymized mobility flows aggregated over users who have turned on the Location History setting, which is off by default. We combined this with socioeconomic and geospatial covariates from 2018 to 2019 to quantify seasonal changes in domestic and international mobility patterns across years. We undertook a spatiotemporal analysis within a Bayesian framework to identify relevant geospatial and socioeconomic covariates important to predicting human movement patterns, while accounting for spatial and temporal autocorrelations. Results: Mobility patterns in Kenya mostly consisted of shorter, within-county trips, followed by longer domestic travel between counties and international travel, respectively, across both years. Mobility peaked in August and December, closely corresponding to school holiday seasons, which was found to be an important predictor in our model. We further found that socioeconomic variables including urbanicity, poverty, and female education strongly predicted mobility patterns, in addition to geospatial covariates such as accessibility to major population centres and temperature. Conclusions: These findings derived from novel data sources elucidate broad spatiotemporal patterns of how populations move within and beyond Kenya, and can be easily generalized to other LMIC settings before the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding such pre-pandemic mobility patterns provides a crucial baseline to interpret both how these patterns have changed as a result of the pandemic, as well as whether human mobility patterns have been permanently altered once the pandemic subsides. Our findings outline key correlates and predictors of mobility using broadly available covariates, alleviating the data bottlenecks of highly sensitive and proprietary mobile phone datasets, which many researchers do not have access to. These results further provide novel insight on monitoring mobility proxies in the context of disease surveillance and control efforts through LMIC settings.
Using Intervention Mapping to Develop ‘ROSE’: An Intervention to Support Peer Workers in Overdose Response Settings
Authors: Mamdani Zahra , McKenzie Sophie , Cameron Fred , Knott Mike , Conway-Brown Jennifer , Scott Tracy , Buxton Jane A. , Pauly Bernie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Peer workers (those with lived/living experience of substance use working in overdose response settings) are at the forefront of overdose response initiatives in British Columbia (BC). Working in these settings can be stressful, with lasting social, mental and emotional impacts. Peer workers have also been disproportionately burdened by the current dual public health crises characterized by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and rise in illicit drug overdose deaths. It is therefore critical to develop supports tailored specifically to their realities.Methods: We used the steps outlined in the Intervention Mapping (IM) framework to identify needs of peer workers and design an intervention model to support peer workers in overdose response settings. Eight peer-led focus groups were conducted at the pilot sites and other community settings to identify peer workers’ needs and transcripts were analyzed using interpretive description. The strategies within the intervention model were informed by the organizational development theory as well as by the lived/living experience of peer workers. Results: The support needs identified by peer workers were categorized into three key themes and these formed the basis of an intervention model titled ‘ROSE’; R stands for Recognition of Peer Work, O for Organizational Support, S for Skill Development and E for Everyone. The ROSE model aims to facilitate culture change within organizations, leading towards a more equitable and just workplace for peer workers. This, in turn, has the potential for positive socio-ecological impact. Conclusions: Centering lived/living experience in the Intervention Mapping process led us to develop a framework for supporting peer workers in BC. The ROSE model can be used as a baseline for other organizations employing peer workers.
CircACAP2 promotes cell proliferation and migration in lung adenocarcinoma via LASP1-mediated TGF‐β/Smad3 pathway
Authors: Xu Jianyu , Ma Jianli , Guan Bixi , Li Jian , Wang Yan , Hu Songliu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), a common malignant tumor, has led to a great number of deaths around the world. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been certified as essential players in the progression of diverse cancers. CircRNA ACAP2 (hsa_circ_0068568) is an oncogene in several cancers. However, the role of circACAP2 in LUAD remains unknown. This study revealed that the expression of circACAP2 was significantly elevated in LUAD tissues and cell lines, especially in the tissues of LUAD patients at advanced stage. Additionally, circACAP2 enhanced cell proliferation, migration, invasion abilities and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in LUAD. Moreover, miR-342-3p interacted with circACAP2 in LUAD cells. Importantly, we found that miR-342-3p targeted LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1), and circACAP2 positively regulated LASP1 expression by competing for miR-342-3p in LUAD. Further, it was confirmed that circACAP2 promoted the malignant behaviors and stimulated the activation of TGF-β/Smad3 pathway in LUAD by modulating the miR-342-3p/LASP1 axis. To conclude, the molecular regulatory mechanism of circACAP2 in LUAD was under discussion in the current study. The findings revealed that circACAP2 facilitated malignant phenotypes in LUAD via the activation of the TGF‐β/Smad3 pathway.
Natural Astaxanthin From Haematococcus Pluvialis Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity And Improved Semen Quality In Aging Layer Breeder Roosters Through The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (MAPK/Nrf2) Pathway
Authors: Gao Shan , Heng Nuo , Liu Fang , Guo Yong , Chen Yu , Wang Liang , Ni Hemin , Sheng Xihui , Wang Xiangguo , Xing Kai , Xiao Longfei , Qi Xiaolong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Natural astaxanthin (ASTA) has strong antioxidant properties and has been widely used as a health product to improve human health. However, the effects of ASTA on the reproductive performance of aging roosters have been poorly studied. We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary ASTA on semen quality and antioxidant capacity in aging roosters and to explore the potential mechanism of semen quality change via anti-oxidation defense system.Methods: In the present study, 96 53-week-old Jinghong No. 1 layer breeder roosters were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing ASTA at 0, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg for 6 week. Results: Semen quality in the ASTA groups remarkably improved as compared to those in the control group and antioxidant activities, the abilities to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions increased gradually with ASTA addition (P < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes, the mRNA and protein levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were markedly increased in the 50-100 mg/kg ASTA group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Collectively, these results demonstrate that dietary ASTA may improve semen quality by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, and the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals, which may be related to up-regulation of the MAPK/Nrf2 pathway.
Spatial Assessment of 2014-flood Disaster and Extent of Associated Damages in Lower Chenab Basin, Upper Indus Plain, Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Shakeel , Rani Razia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study is an effort of spatial assessment of 2014-flood and associated damages in Upper Indus Plain (UIP). Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) approach in integration to geo-spatial techniques is implemented to assess the nature and damages as well as community perception in reducing floods. In this regard, a semi-structured questionnaire was designed for micro-level detail investigation. A total of 422 households were surveyed in 22 flood affected villages in eight districts forms the lower Chenab Basin using random sampling techniques. Secondary data regarding river discharge is collected from Regional Meteorological Centre, Lahore. Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) having 30m spatial resolution and Landsat satellite image of September 2014 with same resoluation is acquired from open source geo-database of United States Geological Survey (USGS). Landsat satellite image is processes to extract the spatial extent of inundation. Watershed modelling approach is utilized to demarcate Chenab River Basin in GIS environment. Buffer analysis and Inverse Desistance Weighted (IDW) technique of spatial interpolation are used to geo-visualize the spatial extent and depth of flood based on community perception. Analysis reveals that flood is one of the recurring phenomena in Chenab Basin. The upper catchment areas of Chenab Basin are dominated by flash floods and low-lying areas are prone to riverine floods. The 2014-flood has caused estimated economic damage of 1409.295 million Pakistani Rupees (mPKR). Housing sector suffered the major losses of more than 1000mPKR followed by agricultural sector. Based on spatial extent, vertical profile and damages the study region is categorised into upper and lower zones. The lower zone is most affected in terms of extent, depth and damages. This study can assist the decision makers and disaster managers in designing location specific flood risk reduction.