bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the Role of Combined Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Patients With N+ Non-Metastatic Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma: A Competing Risk Analysis Model Based on the SEER database, 2000 to 2015
Authors: Ma Yifei , Yang Zejian , Gao Yihan , Li Kunlong , Qiu Pei , Chen Heyan , Pu Shengyu , Wang Bo , Zhou Can 
Published: January 2021

PurposeDue to the rarity of metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC), no randomized trials have investigated the role of combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CCRP) in this condition. We aimed to explore and identify the effectiveness of CCRP in patients with regional lymph node metastasis (N+) non-metastatic MpBC.Materials and MethodsData were obtained from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database. We assessed the effects of CCRP on overall survival (OS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and breast cancer-specific death (BCSD) using Kaplan-Meier analysis, competing risk model analysis, and competing risk regression mode analysis.ResultsA total of 707 women and 361 death cases were included in the unmatched cohort, of which 76.45% (276/361) were BCSD, and 23.55% (85/361) were non-breast cancer-specific deaths (non-BCSD). Both the ChemT and CCRP groups had better OS (ChemT group: HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.45–0.78, P&lt;0.001; CCRP group: HR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.23–0.41, P&lt;0.001) and BCSS (ChemT group: HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45–0.87, P&lt;0.001; CCRP group: HR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.22–0.46, P&lt;0.001) than the non-therapy group. Subjects in the CCRP group tended to have significantly lower cumulative BCSD (Gray’s test, P=0.001) and non-BCSD (Gray’s test, P&lt;0.001) than the non-therapy group or ChemT group. In competing risk regression model analysis, subjects in the CCRP group had a better prognosis in BCSD (HR: 0.710, 95% CI: 0.508–0.993, P=0.045) rather than the ChemT group (HR: 1.081, 95% CI: 0.761–1.535, P=0.660) than the non-therapy group.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that CCRP could significantly decrease the risk of death for both BCSD and non-BCSD and provided a valid therapeutic strategy for patients with N+ non-metastatic MpBC.
Prognostic Value of CT Imaging-Based Tumor Volume in Patients With Non-Surgical Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kang Ning , Fang Yeying , Zhu Huijun , Shi Zhiling , Chen Liuyin , Lu YuShuang , Wang Housheng , Lu Jiamei , Liu Wenqi , Hu Kai 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe American Joint Committee on Cancer-Tumor (AJCC-T) staging system for esophageal carcinoma patients, which is based on the depth of tumor invasion, is not applicable in some cases. This study aims to assess the prognostic value of CT imaging-based tumor volume and its usefulness for T staging in patients with non-surgical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of 158 ESCC patients undergoing definitive (chemo) radiotherapy from two hospitals. Tumor volume based on the CT imaging was calculated using the formula: V = πabc / 6. Three cutoff points for tumor volume were obtained with the X-tile software. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. The -2 log-likelihood ratio and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value were evaluated to compare the AJCC-T staging system with the proposed T staging method.ResultsThe median tumor volume was 19.8 cm³ (range from 1.0 to 319.5 cm³). The three optimal cutoff points of tumor volume were 12.7, 22.8, and 51.9 cm³, and the patients were divided into four groups named as proposed T1–T4 stages. The 3-year OS rates in patients with proposed T1 to T4 stages were 67.9%, 30.6%, 21.3%, and 5.3%, respectively. The −2 log-likelihood ratios of the AJCC-T stage and proposed T stage were 1,068.060 and 1,047.418, respectively. The difference in the AIC value between the two T staging systems was 18.642.ConclusionCT imaging-based tumor volume was superior to the depth of tumor invasion for T staging in predicting the prognosis of non-surgical ESCC patient.
Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutations in Two Families With Bernard–Soulier Syndrome
Authors: Minkov Milen , Zeitlhofer Petra , Zoubek Andreas , Kager Leo , Panzer Simon , Haas Oskar A. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Bernard–Soulier Syndrome (BSS) is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder with large platelets and thrombocytopenia. It is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the GP1BA, GP1BB, or GP9 genes, which together encode the platelet surface receptor glycoprotein complex GPIb-IX-V.Objectives: We report two novel heterozygous mutations in the GP1BA and the GP9 genes, respectively.Patients/Methods: We analyzed the platelet glycoprotein expression by flow cytometry and screened the relevant genes for responsible mutations in two unrelated families.Results: Flow cytometric analyses revealed the absence of CD42a (GPIX) and CD42b (GPIb) on the platelets in the two affected siblings of family 1 and a significantly reduced expression of CD42b (GPIb) in the patient of family 2. In the two siblings, we identified a known frameshift (c.1601_1602delAT) and a novel nonsense mutation (c.1036C&gt;T) in the GP1BA gene that abrogated the production of GP1bα. In the other patient, we found a novel missense mutation (c.112T&gt;C) that was co-inherited with a common one (c.182A&gt;G) in the GP9 gene, respectively. All analyzed heterozygous carriers were asymptomatic and had a normal GPIb-IX-V expression.Conclusions: The two novel GP1BA and GP9 mutations reported herein increment the number of causative genetic defects in BSS.
The Relationship of Self-Presentation, Psychological Needs, and Exercise Dependence in College Students With Overweight
Authors: Liu YiWen , Liu Hao , Liu ZhongQiang 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to explore the effect of self-presentation and psychological needs on exercise dependence and to provide an essential reference for preventing and inhibiting the production of exercise dependence in overweight college students.MethodsThe freshmen in two comprehensive universities accepted physical fitness tests, filled out the scales of self-presentation, psychological needs, and exercise dependence after obtaining their consent. A sample of 747 overweight college students who have regular exercise was screened using the formula of Fox sports participation and the standard of overweight for Chinese adults. Multiple regression, exploratory factor, and confirmatory factor analyses were used to analyze the related data.Results(1) In overweight college students, compared with the lower peers, those with higher physical attractiveness were more likely to suffer from detoxification of emotion, physiology, and vitality, and compared with the lower peers, those with higher self-presentation were more likely to appear in physiological abstinence. (2) The self-presentation of overweight male and female students has a significant positive influence on psychological needs (beta = 0.31, p &lt; 0.01, and 0.37, p &lt; 0.01, respectively, for males and females) and exercise dependence (beta = −0.21, p &lt; 0.01, and 0.26, p &lt; 0.01, respectively, for males and females). In contrast, psychological needs have a significant negative influence on exercise dependence (beta = −0.21, p &lt; 0.01, and −0.26, p &lt; 0.01, respectively, for males and females). (3) The psychological needs of overweight male and female college students were established as the mediating effect of self-presentation and exercise dependence. The mediating effect of psychological needs of females was higher than that of males (18.5 vs. 15.5%). The “ability display” of male and female students can affect “emotional distress” by “autonomy” and “competence.” The sense of relationship partially mediated the “attractiveness” of male and female students. Also, females on the one hand, rely on “weight control” by “competence” to produce some mediating effects on “physiological distress.” At the same time, the “ability display” by “competence” has a full mediating effect on “physiological distress.”ConclusionIn the self-presentation of the overweight college students, the higher scores in “attractiveness,” “weight control,” and “ability display,” the higher the psychological needs and exercise dependence; the higher the autonomy, competence, and relationship, the less the emotional, physiological, and dynamic distress.
A Virtual Reality Game to Assess OCD Symptoms
Authors: van Bennekom Martine J. , de Koning Pelle P. , Gevonden Martin J. , Kasanmoentalib M. Soemiati , Denys Damiaan 
Published: January 2021

Background: Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are often underreported by patients and mainly triggered in the patients private domain, making it harder for clinicians to recognize OCD. Virtual reality (VR) can be used to assess OCD symptoms in the clinician's office. We developed a VR game in order to provoke subjective and physiological OCD symptoms. We hypothesize that (1) the VR game provokes more OCD symptoms in patients compared to healthy controls, (2) performing virtual compulsions leads to a reduction in emotional responses in OCD patients and that (3) the severity of VR game provoked symptoms correlates with severity of OCD symptoms.Methods: Participants played the VR game on a laptop while physiological measures were recorded simultaneously. We measured emotional responses, virtual compulsions and physiological arousal in response to our VR game in 26 OCD patients and 26 healthy controls. We determined correlations between emotional responses, virtual compulsions and OCD severity.Results: We found higher levels of VR-provoked anxiety (U = 179.5, p = 0.004) and virtual compulsions in OCD patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001). There was a significant reduction in emotional responses after performing virtual compulsions in the OCD patients. The emotional responses and virtual compulsions did not correlate significantly with Y-BOCS scores. A baseline difference between patients and healthy controls was found in heart rate variability (HRV), but no significant change in HRV, heartrate and skin conductance was found during the VR gameConclusions: Our study clearly shows our OCD VR game is capable of provoking more anxiety and virtual compulsions in patients with OCD compared to healthy controls. Providing a direct patient-rated measurement in the clinicians room, the VR game could help in assessing core OCD symptoms and recognizing OCD.Clinical Trial Registry Number: Netherlands Trial Register NTR5935.
The Resilience of Social Service Providers and Families of Children With Autism or Development Delays During the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Community Case Study in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Paul Waiching , Lam Yanyin , Lau Janet Siuping , Fok Hungkit 
Published: January 2021

Background:Hong Kong is one of the earliest cities to have hampered by the COVID-19. When preventive public health measures are enforced, specific groups, who have already been facing inequality before the outbreak, are likely to become more overlooked and vulnerable.Aim:This community case study aims to describe the additional needs of families of children with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental issues, as well as unexpected difficulties and challenges social service professionals encountered when delivering service and their solutions toward these challenges.Methods:A focus group with 10 professionals providing the Caregiver Skills Training Program was conducted.Results:Poor families of vulnerable children were found to be challenged, more than average, in finding daily necessities during the initial stage of the outbreak. Most vulnerable children displayed additional problematic behaviors and emotional problems during the quarantine. The social service professionals addressed the family needs by providing tangible resources and offering online training, workshops, and programs to meet their needs. Several important lessons were learned. First, technology know-how on conducting online training, workshop, and program could be a challenge to some social service professionals and the parents. Second, the professionals reported that they made huge efforts to produce guidelines in protecting services users' privacy, to equip themselves with necessary skills in executing privacy-protection measures, and to keep exploring for safer alternatives. Third, providing tele-services in online mode represented a different interaction pattern between social service professionals and service users, especially in the recruitment processes and group dynamics.Conclusion:In comparison with other cities, Hong Kong has responded to the COVID-19 efficiently and effectively based on the citizen's strict adherence to behavioral advice and the innovative altruistic efforts from the multi-sectors in the community.
Quality of Life and Its Correlates in Alcohol Use Disorder Patients With and Without Depression in China
Authors: Huang Hui , Shen Hongxian , Ning Kui , Zhang Ruiling , Sun Wei , Li Bing , Jiang Haifeng , Wang Wenzheng , Du Jiang , Zhao Min , Yi Zhihua , Li Jing , Zhu Rongxin , Lu Shuiping , Xie Shiping , Wang Xiaoping , Fu Wei , Gao Chengge , Hao Wei 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a serious issue worldwide and frequently co-occurs with depression. However, the quality of life (QOL) of AUD patients with and without depression is not well studied in the Chinese Han population. The aim of this study was to investigate QOL and its correlates in AUD patients with and without depression in China.Methods: Five hundred and fifteen psychiatric patients diagnosed with AUD were recruited. All these patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to assess depression, the Medical Outcome Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) to evaluate QOL and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) to measure the severity of drinking.Results: Compared with AUD patients without depression, those with depression had a lower QOL in all eight domains of the SF-36 (all P &lt; 0.001), but were more willing to have alcohol-related treatment (P &lt; 0.05). Negative correlations were noted between (i) the BDI total score and all eight domains of the SF-36 (all P &lt; 0.001); and (ii) between the AUDIT total score and six domains of the SF-36 (all P &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: Depression impairs QOL in patients with AUD in China. Early intervention in comorbid depression to improve QOL is needed.
Unfavorable Prognostic Effects of the Stem Cell Pluripotency Factor Sox2 in Feline Invasive Mammary Carcinomas
Authors: Truchot Yohan , Dagher Elie , Abadie Jérôme , Nguyen Frédérique 
Published: January 2021

Background: Sex-determining Region Y (SRY)-box transcription factor-2 (Sox2) belongs to the “Yamanaka's factors,” necessary and sufficient to convert somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells. In breast cancers, Sox2 expression has been associated with poor prognosis, and resistance to therapy. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of Sox2 positivity in feline invasive mammary carcinomas (FMCs), its relationships with other clinical-pathologic variables, and with patient outcomes.Materials and Methods: This study relies on a previously described retrospective cohort of 180 FMCs, diagnosed in female cats treated by mastectomy alone, with 2-year follow-up. Sox2 (clone SP76), Estrogen Receptor alpha (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), Ki-67, Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2), Androgen Receptor (AR), Bcl-2, Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1), basal markers and FoxP3-positive regulatory T cells (Tregs) were detected by automated immunohistochemistry. Sox2 expression was quantitated as an index (percentage of neoplastic cells demonstrating a positive nuclear signal). The FMCs were considered Sox2-positive at threshold &gt;42%.Results: Sox2 was not expressed in the normal mammary gland or in mammary hyperplasia without atypia, but was occasionally detected in atypical hyperplasia. In FMCs, the mean Sox2 index was 38 ± 30%, and 79/180 FMCs (44%) were Sox2-positive. Sox2 expression was associated with older age at diagnosis, lymphovascular invasion, high Ki-67 proliferation indexes, low PR and FOXA1 expression, and increased numbers of tumor-associated Tregs, but was not significantly associated with the clinical stage, histological types, and histological grade. By multivariate survival analysis, Sox2 was associated with poor cancer-specific survival (Hazard Ratio = 1.48, 95% confidence interval 1.04–2.11, p = 0.0292), independently of the pathologic tumor size, pathologic nodal stage, distant metastasis, and AR expression. A rare subgroup of FMCs characterized by an AR+Sox2–phenotype (19/180 cases, 11%) was associated with very favorable outcomes.Conclusion: Sox2 expression was associated with poor cancer-specific survival of female cats with invasive mammary carcinomas, as previously reported in human breast cancer, but was more commonly expressed in cats than reported in breast cancers. Sox2 showed complementarity with AR in FMC prognostication.
Effect of Intraoperative Use of Topical Mitomycin C on Intraocular Pressure in Patients with Pterygium Excision
Authors: Mahar Pir Salim , Manzar Nabeel , Ahmed Khabir 
Published: January 2021

Aim: To determine the effect of intraoperative adjunctive topical mitomycin C on intraocular pressure in patients undergoing pterygium excision.Methods: This was a descriptive interventional case series of 102 patients (118 eyes) with different grades of pterygium treated from 1995 to 2008. All patients underwent pterygium excision with intraoperative mitomycin C 0.2 mg/mL administered for 1 to 5 minutes. Changes in intraocular pressure were recorded on days 1 and 7, and at 3 months. Data were analysed using proportion, group means, standard deviations, analysis of variance, and paired Student t test.Results: There was no significant decline in intraocular pressure throughout the follow-up period (p = 0.435, Student t test). At 3 months postoperatively, 109 eyes (92.4%) had no changes in intraocular pressure >5 mm Hg, of whom 78 (72%) experienced minimal changes that were not statistically significant.Conclusions: Intraoperative topical administration of mitomycin C has a minimal effect on lowering intraocular pressure in patients with pterygium. These results do not support the trans-scleral effect of mitomycin C on the ciliary body as an intraocular pressure–lowering mechanism in glaucoma filtering surgery.
Non-central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Bronshtein Relli Ovadia , Chet-Shoer Keren , Rumelt Shimon 
Published: January 2021

Central serous chorioretinopathy occupies the macula and has been described in association with different conditions, including pregnancy. In this report, a 23-year-old pregnant woman underwent uneventful caesarean section in the 40th week of pregnancy after failure of vaginal delivery. One day after the delivery, the patient complained of blurred vision in her left eye and was found to have atypical, eccentric serous chorioretinopathy that subsequently resolved gradually. Serous chorioretinopathy may be atypical in location and occur after delivery because of high blood pressure, hormonal changes, or stressogenic delivery.
Primary Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of the Eyelid
Authors: Chhabra Sonia , Singh Sunita , Kalra Rajnish , Duhan Amrita , Marwah Nisha , Sen Rajeev 
Published: January 2021

Malignant tumours affecting the eyelid include basal cell carcinoma (85% to 95%), squamous cell carcinoma (approximately 5%), sebaceous carcinoma (1% to 5%), and malignant melanoma (1%). Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the eyelid is rare. This report is of an 80-year-old woman who presented with diffuse left upper eyelid swelling, clinically suspected to be a haemangioma. Rare diseases should be considered in differential diagnoses because they have the potential for rapid systemic involvement and may need treatment that is different from that of other common diseases at the same site.
An Aid for achieving the ideal laser posterior capsulotomy
Authors: Ong Keith Soo Keat 
Published: January 2021

A 2.5- to 4-mm well-centered laser posterior capsulotomy would be ideal. A 2-mm posterior capsulotomy which is well-centered in the pupil region may be adequate. Laser posterior capsulotomies larger than 5 mm is not necessary and if not wellcentered may extend over the optic of intraocular lens risking vitreous coming forward around the optic if the anterior capsulorrhexis does not cover the edge of the optic completely. Too large a posterior capsulotomy may also risk posterior migration of intraocular lens with the plate haptic intraocular lens. ...
Awareness and perception of budding doctors: A focal scenario on eye donation
Authors: Basu Mausumi , Das Palash , Roy Biman , Baruah Jayanta Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Background: Diseases affecting the cornea constitute a major cause of blindness. Corneal transplantation offers the potential for sight restoration. Due to non-availability of healthy cornea, many people continue to live in a dark world.Objectives: To assess the awareness and perception of undergraduate medical students towards eye donation.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students of Kolkata on August 2010 using a pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Epi-info software package version 6.04.Results: Almost all (98.9%) participants knew that eyes can be donated and 70.8% were aware at the time of eye collection. However, only 43.7% respondents knew whom to approach for pledging their eyes for donation; 80.7% were either willing (76.0%) or had already pledged (4.7%) to donate their eyes. Television was the major source (78.1%) of information on eye donation. Nobility was the main motivation (87.7%) and 75.5% felt the need for helping the blind. Of these medical students, 19.3% were unaware and did not pledge eye donation due to objection by family members and dislike of the idea of separating their eyes.Conclusion: The present study revealed that medical students were well aware of eye donation with a favorable attitude towards it and most of them were inclined to pledge for eye donation. The perceived reasons for not donating eyes need to be considered while creating awareness about eye donation in the community. Students can be actively involved as volunteers in eye donation campaigns and after proper training in counselling techniques, they can act as counsellors for eye donation activities.