bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employment growth in the face of exchange rate uncertainty: The role of trade and foreign equity finance
Authors: Dhasmana Anubha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper looks at the role of external trade and foreign equity finance in determining the impact of exchange rate uncertainty on firm‐level employment growth in a major developing economy: India. Exchange rate uncertainty is found to affect firm‐level employment growth adversely on average, but the impact depends upon firm‐level characteristics such as exposure to foreign trade through imports and exports and firm‐level mark‐up. Foreign equity finance reduces the negative impact of exchange rate uncertainty on employment growth but the same cannot be said about access to domestic equity finance.
Bayesian nonparametric multiway regression for clustered binomial data
Authors: Lock Eric F. , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar 
Published: March 2021

We introduce a Bayesian nonparametric regression model for data with multiway (tensor) structure, motivated by an application to periodontal disease (PD) data. Our outcome is the number of diseased sites measured over four different tooth types for each subject, with subject‐specific covariates available as predictors. The outcomes are not well characterized by simple parametric models, so we use a nonparametric approach with a binomial likelihood wherein the latent probabilities are drawn from a mixture with an arbitrary number of components, analogous to a Dirichlet process. We use a flexible probit stick‐breaking formulation for the component weights that allows for covariate dependence and clustering structure in the outcomes. The parameter space for this model is large and multiway: patients × tooth types × covariates × components. We reduce its effective dimensionality and account for the multiway structure, via low‐rank assumptions. We illustrate how this can improve performance and simplify interpretation while still providing sufficient flexibility. We describe a general and efficient Gibbs sampling algorithm for posterior computation. The resulting fit to the PD data outperforms competitors and is interpretable and well calibrated. An interactive visual of the predictive model is available at the website (https://ericfrazerlock.com/toothdata/ToothDisplay.html), and the code is available at the GitHub (https://github.com/lockEF/NonparametricMultiway).
Analysing the combination of cost reduction techniques in Android mutation testing
Authors: Polo‐Usaola Macario , Rodríguez‐Trujillo Isyed 
Published: March 2021

SummaryWhen applied to mobile software, mutation testing is particularly costly due to the deployment of the app under test onto the device: if one deployment is made for each generated mutant, the execution time becomes unapproachable. This paper analyses how the combination of different cost reduction techniques improves the execution time of mutation testing in mobile apps. The techniques reviewed and combined are mutant schema, parallel execution and two different ways of executing tests against the mutants (all against all and all against mutants remaining alive), as well as greedy algorithm for reducing the test suite size. This paper also presents a mathematical model of cost reduction and checks its validity with several experiments. Furthermore, the exhaustive and long experimentation has led the authors to compile a set of good practices which are also presented in a set of lessons learned.
Effect of multi‐scale polypropylene fiber hybridization on compressive constitutive mechanics parameters of roller compacted concrete
Authors: Liang Ninghui , Yan Ru , Miao Qingxu , Cao Guojun , Liu Xinrong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo investigate the influence of hybrid effect of different sizes of polypropylene fibers (PPFs) on the compressive constitutive mechanical parameters of roller compacted concrete, nine groups of fiber reinforced concrete specimens containing different sizes of PPFs were designed and the uniaxial compressive testing was conducted. Based on the existing compressive constitutive model and the test stress–strain curves, the peak stress, peak strain, elastic modulus, and the post‐peak stage parameter with different fiber proportion were analyzed and discussed to find the optimum mixing proportion of different sizes of PPF, the calculation of compressive toughness factor were given. The results showed that the addition of PPF could improve the compressive properties of RCC. The axial compressive strength and compressive strain of RCC increased by 3%~16% and 7%~57%, respectively. Meanwhile, the coarse PPF can significantly enhance the ductility of RCC when subjected to uniaxial compressive loading, and the group of multi‐scale PPF hybridization had higher compressive toughness than groups blended with two types of PPF, showing a more obvious positive hybrid effect. Finally, multi‐scale fiber hybrid effect function was proposed, the results showed that the function can well reflect the influence of fiber hybrid effect on the compressive properties of RCC and can be used to predict the optimal fiber proportion of fiber reinforced concrete.
Predicting amyloid risk by machine learning algorithms based on the A4 screen data: Application to the Japanese Trial‐Ready Cohort study
Authors: Sato Kenichiro , Ihara Ryoko , Suzuki Kazushi , Niimi Yoshiki , Toda Tatsushi , Jimenez‐Maggiora Gustavo , Langford Oliver , Donohue Michael C. , Raman Rema , Aisen Paul S. , Sperling Reisa A. , Iwata Atsushi , Iwatsubo Takeshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSelecting cognitively normal elderly individuals with higher risk of brain amyloid deposition is critical to the success of prevention trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsBased on the Anti‐Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease study data, we built machine‐learning models and applied them to our ongoing Japanese Trial‐Ready Cohort (J‐TRC) webstudy participants registered within the first 9 months (n = 3081) of launch to predict standard uptake value ratio (SUVr) of amyloid positron emission tomography.ResultsAge, family history, online Cognitive Function Instrument and CogState scores were important predictors. In a subgroup of J‐TRC webstudy participants with known amyloid status (n = 37), the predicted SUVr corresponded well with the self‐reported amyloid test results (area under the curve = 0.806 [0.619–0.992]).DiscussionOur algorithms may be usable for automatic prioritization of candidate participants with higher amyloid risks to be preferentially recruited from the J‐TRC webstudy to in‐person study, maximizing efficiency for the identification of preclinical AD participants.
Foundational ontologies, ontology‐driven conceptual modeling, and their multiple benefits to data mining
Authors: Amaral Glenda , Baião Fernanda , Guizzardi Giancarlo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor many years, the role played by domain knowledge in all stages of knowledge discovery has been recognized. However, the real‐world semantics embedded in data is often still not fully considered in traditional data mining methods. In this article, we argue that the quality of data mining results is directly related to the extent that they reflect important properties of real‐world entities represented therein. Analyzing and characterizing the nature of these entities is the very business of the area of formal ontology. We briefly elaborate on two particular types of artifacts produced by this area: foundational ontologies and ontology‐driven conceptual modeling languages grounded on them. We then elaborate on the benefits they can bring to several activities in a data mining process.This article is categorized under:
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Knowledge Representation
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Data Concepts
Pole skipping and chaos in anisotropic plasma: a holographic study
Authors: Sil Karunava 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecently, a direct signature of chaos in many body system has been realized from the energy density retarded Green’s function using the phenomenon of ‘pole skipping’. Moreover, special locations in the complex frequency and momentum plane are found, known as the pole skipping points such that the retarded Green’s function can not be defined uniquely there. In this paper, we compute the correction/shift to the pole skipping points due to a spatial anisotropy in a holographic system by performing near horizon analysis of EOMs involving different bulk field perturbations, namely the scalar, the axion and the metric field. For vector and scalar modes of metric perturbations we construct the gauge invariant variable in order to obtain the master equation. Two separate cases for every bulk field EOMs is considered with the fluctuation propagating parallel and perpendicular to the direction of anisotropy. We compute the dispersion relation for momentum diffusion along the transverse direction in the shear channel and show that it passes through the first three successive pole skipping points. The pole skipping phenomenon in the sound channel is found to occur in the upper half plane such that the parameters Lyapunov exponentλLand the butterfly velocityvBare explicitly obtained thus establishing the connection with many body chaos.
Infiltration der Schädelkalotte durch ein dedifferenziertes kutanes Leiomyosarkom
Authors: Maier J. C. , Kofler K. , Forchhammer S. , Skardelly M. , Mentzel T. , Häfner H. M. , Kofler L. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen 81-jährigen Patienten mit bereits mehrfach voroperiertem Tumor der Kopfhaut. In der histologischen erneuten Aufarbeitung ließ sich ein dedifferenziertes Leiomyosarkom nachweisen, das bereits die Schädeldecke infiltriert hatte. In einem interdisziplinären Ansatz mit den Kollegen der Klinik für Neurochirurgie konnte eine Komplettexzision erreicht werden. Kutane Leiomyosarkome sind seltene Tumoren der Haut, die typischerweise als langsam wachsende, erythematöse Knoten imponieren. Aufgrund des Metastasierungspotenzials ist eine komplette, schnittrandkontrollierte Resektion erforderlich.
Neurovaskuläre Manifestationen von COVID‑19
Authors: Veltkamp Roland , Purrucker Jan C. , Weber Ralph 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungBereits früh nach Beginn der COVID‑19(„coronavirus disease 2019“)-Pandemie wurden Schlaganfälle als Manifestation oder Komplikation einer SARS-CoV-2(„severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2“)-Infektion beschrieben. Aktuelle Metaanalysen berichten eine Schlaganfallrate von etwa 1,5 %. Schlaganfälle bei COVID‑19-Patienten treten zwar häufiger bei schweren Verläufen der Infektion und bei älteren Patienten mit kardiovaskulären Risiken auf. Nicht selten sind aber auch junge Patienten ohne Risikofaktoren betroffen. Die Schlaganfallmechanismen sind vorwiegend embolisch, die Thromben verschließen häufig große intrakranielle Gefäße und betreffen in mehr als 20 % mehrere Gefäßterritorien, während mikroangiopathische Infarkte selten sind. Die genaue Emboliequelle bleibt bei über 40 % der Betroffenen kryptogen. Die durch das Zusammentreffen einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion und eines Schlaganfalls bedingte Mortalität beträgt mehr als 15–30 %. Während es in manchen europäischen Regionen zu erheblichen Einschränkungen der Akutversorgung von Schlaganfällen gekommen ist, sind die Behandlungsraten für die Rekanalisationstherapie in Deutschland während der 1. Pandemiewelle weitgehend stabil geblieben. Es stellten sich aber 20–30 % weniger Patienten mit v. a. leichteren Schlaganfällen und transitorischen ischämischen Attacken in Krankenhäusern vor. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit fasst die aktuellen Erkenntnisse zur Epidemiologie und Pathogenese COVID‑19-assoziierter Schlaganfälle zusammen und beschreibt die bisherigen Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf die Schlaganfallakutversorgung.
IGFBP-1 expression is reduced in human type 2 diabetic glomeruli and modulates β1-integrin/FAK signalling in human podocytes
Authors: Lay Abigail C. , Hale Lorna J. , Stowell-Connolly Holly , Pope Robert J. P. , Nair Viji , Ju Wenjun , Marquez Eva , Rollason Ruth , Hurcombe Jenny A. , Hayes Bryony , Roberts Timothy , Gillam Lawrence , Allington Jonathan , Nelson Robert G. , Kretzler Matthias , Holly Jeff M. P. , Perks Claire M. , McArdle Craig A. , Welsh Gavin I. , Coward Richard J. M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Podocyte loss or injury is one of the earliest features observed in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure worldwide. Dysfunction in the IGF axis, including in IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), is associated with DKD, particularly in the early stages of disease progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential roles of IGFBPs in the development of type 2 DKD, focusing on podocytes.

Methods
IGFBP expression was analysed in the Pima DKD cohort, alongside data from the Nephroseq database, and in ex vivo human glomeruli. Conditionally immortalised human podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells were studied in vitro, where IGFBP-1 expression was analysed using quantitative PCR and ELISAs. Cell responses to IGFBPs were investigated using migration, cell survival and adhesion assays; electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing; western blotting; and high-content automated imaging.

Results
Data from the Pima DKD cohort and from the Nephroseq database demonstrated a significant reduction in glomerular IGFBP-1 in the early stages of human type 2 DKD. In the glomerulus, IGFBP-1 was predominantly expressed in podocytes and controlled by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) activity. In vitro, IGFBP-1 signalled to podocytes via β1-integrins, resulting in increased phosphorylation of focal-adhesion kinase (FAK), increasing podocyte motility, adhesion, electrical resistance across the adhesive cell layer and cell viability.

Conclusions/interpretation
This work identifies a novel role for IGFBP-1 in the regulation of podocyte function and that the glomerular expression of IGFBP-1 is reduced in the early stages of type 2 DKD, via reduced FoxO1 activity. Thus, we hypothesise that strategies to maintain glomerular IGFBP-1 levels may be beneficial in maintaining podocyte function early in DKD.

Graphical abstract
Watershed subarachnoid hemorrhage after middle cerebral artery rescue stenting in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Diana Francesco , Di Gregorio Maria , Frauenfelder Giulia , Saponiero Renato , Romano Daniele Giuseppe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCortical subarachnoid hemorrhage is an infrequent subtype of non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, rarely reported in watershed territories (wSAH) after carotid stenting. It has never been reported after treatment of middle cerebral artery stenosis (MCAS) that is increasingly used in selected patients, as rescue treatment of failed mechanical thrombectomy, due to recent advancements in endovascular interventions. We present a series of patients with MCAS that developed a wSAH after stenting.
Effectiveness of Pain Control of Local Anaesthetic Wound Infusion Following Elective Midline Laparotomy: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Gathege Daniel , Abdulkarim Abdallah , Odaba David , Mugambi Stanley 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPost‐operative pain control is an important pillar in enhanced recovery after surgery. There is a paucity of data that compares efficacy of pain control between continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion and thoracic epidural analgesia in elective midline laparotomy patientsObjectiveTo evaluate pain control between continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion and thoracic epidural analgesia in elective laparotomy patients.DesignA randomized, single‐blind, controlled clinical trial.SettingAga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.PopulationPatients underwent elective laparotomy.MethodsThirty‐eight patients scheduled for elective laparotomy were randomized into two equal groups to receive either continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion or thoracic epidural analgesia. Data on the baseline patient characteristics, total morphine consumption at 72 h, visual analogue scores and rates of adverse effects were collected.ResultsBaseline characteristics of the participants were similar. Continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion was equivalent to thoracic epidural analgesia in terms of pain scores and total morphine consumption at 72 h. Duration of hospital stay was shorter in the intervention arm. There were more surgical site infections in the intervention arm, while catheter dislodgement rate was higher in the thoracic epidural arm.ConclusionContinuous local anaesthetic wound infusion is equivalent to thoracic epidural analgesia in management of post‐operative pain following elective midline laparotomy.Clinical trial registrationPan African Clinical Trial registry, number PACTR201808607220790.
Does non-visible haematuria require urgent assessment? A retrospective cohort study from a university teaching hospital
Authors: Lucocq James , Ali Adnan , Harrison William , Khalil Tarek , Powar Gursunil , Raza Kamran , Nandwani Ghulam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives
It is not certain from current evidence which patient groups with non-visible haematuria (NVH) require urgent investigation and which investigations are sufficient. We report referral outcomes data from Scotland to identify patient groups who will benefit from urgent assessment to rule out urological cancer (UC) and whether full set of investigations are necessary in all referred patients.

Materials and methods
Data were collected from electronic patient records for patients referred with NVH to secondary care urology services between July 2017 and May 2020. The correlations between risk factors and final diagnosis were assessed using categorical variables in a multivariate logistic regression analysis and using chi-squared models. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS data editor version 25.

Results
Our study cohort comprised 525 patients (43.4% males; median age 66 years), in which UC was diagnosed in 25 patients (4.8%). Age > 60 years had sensitivity and NPV for UC of 92% and 99%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed male sex, age ≥ 60 years and smoking were significant predictors of UC in patients with NVH (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in UC in patients with history of LUTS, anticoagulation and previous UC.

Conclusion
The risk of urologic cancer in NVH patients is significant and male gender, age ≥ 60 years and smoking are significant predictors of UC. Patients with risk factors of UC require complete assessment of both the upper and lower urinary tract; however, in the absence of risk factors, patients do not require urgent or complete assessment.
The extracellular matrix complexity of idiopathic epiretinal membranes and the bilaminar arrangement of the associated internal limiting membrane in the posterior retina
Authors: Altera Annalisa , Tosi Gian Marco , Regoli Marì , De Benedetto Elena , Bertelli Eugenio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To study the composition of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) of the retina, the extracellular matrix (ECM) of idiopathic epiretinal membranes (iERMs), and the relationships occurring between the two membranes.

Methods
Forty-six iERMs, 24 of them associated with the ILM, were collected and included in this study. The investigation has been carried out by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy on glutaraldehyde- and osmium-fixed epon-embedded samples and on frozen samples. Sections were double or triple labelled with antibodies against vimentin; collagens I, III, IV, α5(IV), and VI; laminin 1 + 2; laminin α2-, α4-, α5-, β1-, β2-, β3-, γ1-, and γ2-chains; entactin; and fibronectin.

Results
iERM thickness was not uniform. Almost 14% of iERMs showed thickenings due to folding of their ECM component under the cell layer. The vitreal side of iERMs was often shorter than the attached ILM. In this case, the ILM resulted folded under the iERM. ILMs contained laminin 111; laminin α2-, α5-, β1-, β2-, and γ1-chains; entactin; collagens I; α5(IV); [α1(IV)]2α2(IV); and VI. Laminins, entactin, and α5(IV) were gathered on the retinal half of the ILM, whereas collagens [α1(IV)]2α2(IV) and I were restricted to the vitreal side. Collagen VI was detected on both sides of the ILM. iERMs expressed laminin 111, collagens III, [α1(IV)]2α2(IV) and VI, entactin, and fibronectin. Entactin co-localized with laminins and collagen IV.

Conclusions
Analysis of laminins and collagen chain expression indicates that ILM contains laminin 111 (former laminin 1), laminin 521 (former laminin 11), laminin 211 (former laminin 2), collagen [α1(IV)]2α2(IV), and collagen α3(IV)α4(IV)α5. In contrast, iERMs express only collagen [α1(IV)]2α2(IV) and laminin 111. In addition, both iERMs and ILMs contain entactin. The presence of three major constituents of the basement membranes co-localized together in iERMs is suggestive for a deranged process of basement membrane formation which fails to assemble properly. In view of the many interactions occurring among its proteins, the ECM of either the iERMs or the ILMs can account for their reciprocal adhesiveness. In addition, the peculiar deposition of the ECM observed in some samples of iERM is suggestive for its involvement in the formation of macular puckers.
The complexity of verifying population protocols
Authors: Esparza Javier , Jaax Stefan , Raskin Mikhail , Weil-Kennedy Chana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPopulation protocols (Angluin et al. in PODC, 2004) are a model of distributed computation in which indistinguishable, finite-state agents interact in pairs to decide if their initial configuration, i.e., the initial number of agents in each state, satisfies a given property. In a seminal paper Angluin et al. classified population protocols according to their communication mechanism, and conducted an exhaustive study of the expressive power of each class, that is, of the properties they can decide (Angluin et al. in Distrib Comput 20(4):279–304, 2007). In this paper we study the correctness problem for population protocols, i.e., whether a given protocol decides a given property. A previous paper (Esparza et al. in Acta Inform 54(2):191–215, 2017) has shown that the problem is decidable for the main population protocol model, but at least as hard as the reachability problem for Petri nets, which has recently been proved to have non-elementary complexity. Motivated by this result, we study the computational complexity of the correctness problem for all other classes introduced by Angluin et al., some of which are less powerful than the main model. Our main results show that for the class of observation models the complexity of the problem is much lower, ranging from $$\varPi _2^p$$

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2
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to .