bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic approach to weaning from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with refractory cardiac failure
Authors: Mørk Sivagowry R. , Frederiksen Christian A. , Nielsen Roni R. , Lichscheidt Emil , Christensen Steffen , Greisen Jacob R. , Tang Mariann , Vase Henrik , Løgstrup Brian B. , Mellemkjær Søren , Wiggers Henrik S. , Mølgaard Henning , Poulsen Steen H. , Terkelsen Christian J. , Eiskjær Hans 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundVeno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐A ECMO) is commonly used to provide haemodynamic support for patients with severe cardiac failure. However, timing ECMO weaning remains challenging. We aimed to examine if an integrative weaning approach based on predefined haemodynamic, respiratory and echocardiographic criteria is associated with successful weaning.MethodsAll patients weaned from ECMO between April 2017 and April 2019 at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, were consecutively enrolled. Predefined haemodynamic, respiratory and echocardiographic criteria were assessed before and during ECMO flow reduction. A weaning attempt was commenced in haemodynamic stable patients and patients remaining stable at minimal flow were weaned from ECMO. Comparisons were made between patients who met the criteria for weaning at first attempt and patients who did not meet these criteria. Patients completing a full weaning attempt with no further need for mechanical support within 24 h were defined as successfully weaned.ResultsA total of 38 patients were included in the study, of whom 26 (68%) patients met the criteria for weaning. Among these patients, 25 (96%) could be successfully weaned. Successfully weaned patients were younger and had less need for inotropic support and ECMO duration was shorter. Fulfilling the weaning criteria was associated with successful weaning and both favourable 30‐d survival and survival to discharge.ConclusionAn integrative weaning approach based on haemodynamic, respiratory and echocardiographic criteria may strengthen the clinical decision process in predicting successful weaning in patients receiving ECMO for refractory cardiac failure.
Factors associated with high Altmetric Attention Score in dermatology research
Authors: Iglesias‐Puzas Álvaro , Conde‐Taboada Alberto , Aranegui‐Arteaga Beatriz , López‐Bran Eduardo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlternative metrics are emerging scores to assess the impact of research beyond the academic environment.ObjectiveTo analyse whether a correlation exists between manuscript characteristics and alternative citation metrics.Materials and methodsThis bibliometric analysis included original articles published in the five journals with the highest impact factors during 2019.We extracted the following characteristics from each record: journal, publication month, title, number of authors, type of institution, type of publication, research topic, number of references, financial support, free/open access status and literature citations. The main measure was the identification of variables of higher social attention (measured by the Altmetric Attention Score ≥25) using binary logistic regression. Model performance was assessed by the change in the area under the curve (AUC).ResultsA total of 840 manuscripts were included. The Altmetric scores across all five journals ranged from 0 to 465 (mean 12.51 ± 33.7; median 3). The most prevalent topic was skin cancer, and the study design was clinical science. The scientific journal (P < 0.001), the presence of conflicts of interest (OR 2.2 [95%CI 1.3–3.7]; P = 0.002) and open access status OR 3.2 [95%CI 1.6–6.7]; P = 0.002) were found as independent predictors of high Altmetric scores.ConclusionsOur study suggests an article´s social recognition may be dependent on some manuscript characteristics, thus providing useful information on the dissemination of dermatology research to the general public.
The Clouclip, a wearable device for measuring near‐work and outdoor time: validation and comparison of objective measures with questionnaire estimates
Authors: Wen Longbo , Cheng Qian , Cao Yingpin , Li Xiaoning , Pan Lun , Li Lei , Zhu Haogang , Mogran Ian , Lan Weizhong , Yang Zhikuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo validate a novel wearable device that can measure both viewing distance and light exposure, Clouclip, and compare questionnaire estimates regarding near‐work and outdoor time with the objective measures obtained using Clouclip.MethodsFifteen Clouclips were selected to measure different distances and levels of illuminance. With each Clouclip, five measurements at different distances and light intensities were measured and recorded. Eighty participants wore Clouclips for a week and completed an activity questionnaire afterwards.ResultsThe intra‐ and inter‐Clouclip coefficients were 1.00 and 0.99 for measuring distance and 1.00 and 1.00 for illuminance, respectively. Within the measurement limit, the maximum relative error was 2.07% for distance and 2.23% for illuminance. Assuming that <30 cm was the typical distance for near‐work activities and >1000 Lux was the typical cut‐off for outdoor environments, the questionnaire showed a trend of overestimation for both. The greatest overestimation of near‐work occurred during the school period [Questionnaire: 4.73 hr (4.73, 5.07) versus Clouclip: 2.16 hr (1.74, 2.78); p < 0.01]. The greatest overestimation of outdoor activity also occurred during the school period [Questionnaire: 1.60 hr (1.33, 1.85) versus Clouclip: 1.21 hr (0.96, 1.50); p < 0.01]. Based on Clouclip, the total time spent outdoors was estimated to be 1.55 hr on school days, of which 0.34 hr occurred after school. For weekend days, however, the duration was only 0.17 hr.ConclusionsClouclip had excellent precision and accuracy. Although the agreement between the questionnaire and Clouclip was relatively poor, they were able to complement each other to provide a more logical and feasible assessment of exposure to near‐work and outdoor activity. Indoor‐oriented lifestyles were found to predominate in Chinese children.
A simple, safe and sensitive method for SARS‐CoV‐2 inactivation and RNA extraction for RT‐qPCR
Authors: Kalnina Lelde , Mateu‐Regué Àngels , Oerum Stephanie , Hald Annemette , Gerstoft Jan , Oerum Henrik , Nielsen Finn Cilius , Iversen Astrid K. N. 
Published: March 2021

The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has created an urgent need for diagnostic tests to detect viral RNA. Commercial RNA extraction kits are often expensive, in limited supply, and do not always fully inactivate the virus. Together, this calls for the development of safer methods for SARS‐CoV‐2 extraction that utilize readily available reagents and equipment present in most standard laboratories. We optimized and simplified a RNA extraction method combining a high molar acidic guanidinium isothiocyanate (GITC) solution, phenol and chloroform. First, we determined the GITC/RNA dilution thresholds compatible with an efficient two‐step RT‐qPCR for B2M mRNA in nasopharyngeal (NP) or oropharyngeal (OP) swab samples. Second, we optimized a one‐step RT‐qPCR against SARS‐CoV‐2 using NP and OP samples. We furthermore tested a SARS‐CoV‐2 dilution series to determine the detection threshold. The method enables downstream detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 by RT‐qPCR with high sensitivity (~4 viral RNA copies per RT‐qPCR). The protocol is simple, safe, and expands analysis capacity as the inactivated samples can be used in RT‐qPCR detection tests at laboratories not otherwise classified for viral work. The method takes about 30 min from swab to PCR‐ready viral RNA and circumvents the need for commercial RNA purification kits.
Unmanned aerial systems‐based monitoring of the eco‐geomorphology of coastal dunes through spectral Rao'sQ
Authors: Malavasi Marco , Bazzichetto Manuele , Komárek Jan , Moudrý Vítězslav , Rocchini Duccio , Bagella Simonetta , Acosta Alicia T. R. , Carranza Maria L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuestionDoes spectral diversity captured by unmanned aerial systems (UAS) provide reliable information for monitoring the eco‐geomorphological integrity of Mediterranean coastal dune ecosystems? Can this information discriminate between two coastal areas with low (LP) and high (HP) human pressure?LocationTyrrhenian coast, Central Italy.MethodsBy processing UAS images, we derived the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and topographic variables at high spatial resolution (0.5 m) for 150 m wide strips starting from the coastline inland on two representative coastal tracts under low and high human pressure. We mapped the sea–inland heterogeneity applying Rao'sQindex to the plant biomass (NDVI) and geomorphology variables (elevation and slope). Since Rao'sQindex can be calculated in a multidimensional space, we summarized the variability of these three variables into a single eco‐geomorphological layer. We then inspected and compared how the Rao'sQindex values for plant biomass, geomorphology and eco‐geomorphology change as a function of the distance from the sea between the two coastal sites.ResultsRao'sQheterogeneity values vary along the sea–inland gradient of well‐preserved sites (LP). The maximum eco‐geomorphological heterogeneity was found at intermediate distances from the sea and decreased toward the inner sector where the dune geomorphology was more stable and vegetation more homogeneously distributed. Instead, Rao'sQheterogeneity values featured constant low values along the gradient on the HP site, highlighting a simplified eco‐geomorphological gradient related to the high human pressure.ConclusionsUsing UAS, the eco‐geomorphological gradient of coastal dunes can be quantified at a very fine spatial resolution over management‐relevant extents. Rao'sQindex applied to sensing imagery successfully captured the differences in the eco‐geomorphological heterogeneity along the sea–inland dune gradient and among sites with different levels of anthropic pressure. This approach supports frequent surveys and is particularly suitable for spatial monitoring of key coastal functions and services.
The impact of bolgerization versus partial resection of the middle turbinate on frontal sinusotomy patency outcome: A randomised controlled study
Authors: Khafagy Yasser , Ghonim Mohamed , Elgendy Ahmed , Elzayat Saad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the effects of middle turbinate resection vs bolgerization on the incidence of middle meatus synechia and their prognostic value on the patency outcomes after frontal sinusotomy.DesignA randomised controlled study.SettingTertiary centre hospital.Main outcome measuresThirty‐eight patients undergoing bilateral frontal sinusotomy for chronic frontal sinusitis were included. Partial middle turbinate resection was alternated with bolgerization in both nasal cavities of every patient. The Lund‐Kennedy endoscopic scores (LKESs) for both sides were compared at the first, third and sixth months postoperatively. Middle meatus synechia was assessed using the visual analogue score (VAS). Sinus patency was assessed at the end of the sixth month using a 70° nasal endoscope.ResultsThe sinus patency outcome was significantly higher in the resected group (34\38) than the bolgerized group (26\38), (P = .047*). The VAS scores suggested that the middle turbinate bolgerization group showed a significantly higher incidence of middle meatal synechia than the partial middle turbinate resection group (4.47 ± 2.617 vs 3.29 ± 2.301; P = .040*).ConclusionMiddle turbinate resection showed more favourable results than bolgerization concerning the sinus patency outcome after frontal sinusotomy. It also showed a lower incidence of middle meatus synechia postoperatively.
Scaling up private land conservation to meet recovery goals for grassland birds
Authors: Pavlacky David C. , Hagen Christian A. , Bartuszevige Anne M. , Iovanna Rich , George Thomas Luke , Naugle David E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLong‐term population declines have elevated recovery of grassland avifauna to among the highest conservation priorities in North America. Because most of the Great Plains is privately owned, recovery of grassland bird populations depends on voluntary conservation with strong partnerships between private landowners and resource professionals. Despite large areas enrolled in voluntary practices through U.S. Department of Agriculture's Lesser Prairie‐chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) Initiative (LPCI), the effectiveness of Farm Bill investments for meeting wildlife conservation goals remains an open question. Our objectives were to evaluate extents to which Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and LPCI‐grazing practices influence population densities of grassland birds; estimate relative contributions of practices to regional bird populations; and evaluate percentages of populations conserved relative to vulnerability of species. We designed a large‐scale impact‐reference study and used the Integrated Monitoring in Bird Conservation Regions program to evaluate bird population targets of the Playa Lakes Joint Venture. We used point transect distance sampling to estimate density and population size for 35 species of grassland birds on private lands enrolled in native or introduced CRP plantings and LPCI‐prescribed grazing. Treatment effects indicated CRP plantings increased densities of three grassland obligates vulnerable to habitat loss, and LPCI grazing increased densities of four species requiring heterogeneity in dense, tall‐grass structure (α= 0.1). Population estimates in 2016 indicated the practices conserved breeding habitat for 4.5 million birds (90% CI: 4.0–5.1), and increased population sizes of 16 species , totaling 1.8 million birds (CI: 1.4–2.4). Conservation practices on private land benefited the most vulnerable grassland obligate species (AICcweight = 0.53). By addressing habitat loss and degradation in agricultural landscapes, conservation on private land provides a solution to declining avifauna of North America and scales up to meet population recovery goals for the most imperiled grassland birds.
GAPeDNA: Assessing and mapping global species gaps in genetic databases for eDNA metabarcoding
Authors: Marques Virginie , Milhau Tristan , Albouy Camille , Dejean Tony , Manel Stéphanie , Mouillot David , Juhel Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimEnvironmental DNA metabarcoding has recently emerged as a non‐invasive tool for aquatic biodiversity inventories, frequently surpassing traditional methods for detecting a wide range of taxa in most habitats. The major limitation currently impairing the large‐scale application of eDNA‐based inventories is the lack of species sequences available in public genetic databases. Unfortunately, these gaps are still unknown spatially and taxonomically, hindering targeted future sequencing efforts.InnovationWe propose GAPeDNA, a user‐friendly web interface that provides a global overview of genetic database completeness for a given taxon across space and conservation status. As an application, we synthetized data from regional checklists for marine and freshwater fishes along with their IUCN conservation status to provide global maps of species coverage using the European Nucleotide Archive public reference database for 19 metabarcoding primers. This tool automatizes the scanning of gaps in these databases to guide future sequencing efforts and support the deployment of eDNA inventories at larger scale. This tool is flexible and can be expanded to other taxa and primers upon data availability.Main conclusionsUsing our global fish case study, we show that gaps increase towards the tropics where species diversity and the number of threatened species are the highest. It highlights priority areas for fish sequencing like the Congo, the Mekong and the Mississippi freshwater basins which host more than 60 non‐sequenced threatened fish species. For marine fishes, the Caribbean and East Africa host up to 42 non‐sequenced threatened species. By presenting the global genetic database completeness for several primers on any taxa and building an open‐access, updatable and flexible tool, GAPeDNA appears as a valuable contribution to support any kind of eDNA metabarcoding study.
Political realism as reformist conservatism
Authors: Favara Greta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor realists, political theories exhibit an anti‐moralist character when their normativity stems from an appraisal of the value and the specificities of real political practices. While realists agree on such a characterisation of the realist project, they split when it comes to explaining to what extent realist political normativity can provide us with a critical perspective on the status quo. The most recent contributions on this topic are polarised. Some contributors interpret political realism as an approach to politics that leads to an affirmation of the status quo. Others suggest that political realism might lead to radical transformations of the status quo. In this paper, I argue that it is possible to identify a consistent middle ground between these alternative interpretations: the interpretation of political realism as a form of reformist conservatism. Moreover, I defend the reformist‐conservative interpretation of political realism as superior to the extant ones. Contrary to the rival interpretations, I show that the reformist‐conservative interpretation consistently reconciles all the fundamental tenets of political realism. Furthermore, I explain that while the conservatist interpretation risks undermining the normative commitment of realism and the radical interpretation leans towards an irresponsible form of political theorising, the reformist‐conservative reading avoids these pitfalls.
Environmental correlates of morphological diversity in Australian geckos
Authors: Norris Jesca , Tingley Reid , Meiri Shai , Chapple David G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimClimatic variation has long been regarded as a primary source of morphological variation. However, there is mixed support for the adherence of reptiles to ecogeographical hypotheses, such as Bergmann’s rule (body size decreases with temperature) and Allen’s rule (limb length increases with temperature). We quantified body and limb morphology among the diverse Australian gecko fauna (4 families, 30 genera, 226 of the 231 described species) to investigate environmental correlates of morphological variation in this radiation.LocationAustralia.Major taxa studiedGeckos (Squamata: Gekkota; the families Gekkonidae, Carphodactylidae, Diplodactylidae and Pygopodidae).MethodsWe measured 20 external features of ethanol‐preserved museum specimens. We investigated whether principal component axes of morphology were correlated with three key environmental variables, and the microhabitat occupied by each species.ResultsMorphology varied greatly among Australian gecko families and genera, although there was a strong phylogenetic signal in morphology. After accounting for phylogeny, morphology was correlated with a species’ microhabitat use. Saxicolous species and species with variable microhabitat requirements (i.e., generalists) had larger body dimensions than terrestrial species. Saxicolous species also had longer proportional forelimbs and hindlimbs than terrestrial species.Main conclusionsOur results highlight the importance of phylogeny and microhabitat use in shaping the morphology of Australian geckos. We find little evidence that Australian geckos adhere to Bergmann’s rule or Allen’s rule, suggesting that these ecogeographical hypotheses provide limited insight into the adaptive potential of lizard species to altered environmental conditions.
Governing plant‐centred eating at the urban scale in the UK: The Sustainable Food Cities network and the reframing of dietary biopower
Authors: Morris Carol , Kaljonen Minna , Hadley Kershaw Eleanor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent years have seen an increase in actions to address a key feature of food in the Anthropocene: the over‐production and consumption of animal‐based foods or “animalisation” of diets. However, it is unclear whether such efforts can be understood as a coherent institutional level response that will challenge hegemonic dietary biopower, a regime of governance that normalises and reproduces animal‐based food consumption. Building on scholarship that explores food governance initiatives in urban contexts and dietary biopower across a range of empirical cases, this paper explores whether, how, and with what consequences governance actors within urban food partnerships (UFPs) of the UK Sustainable Food Cities (SFC) network are working to reframe dietary biopower so that humans are disciplined to eat less animal‐based food and instead to adopt a more plant‐centred diet. Document analysis and semi‐structured interviews with SFC representatives suggest the breadth and depth of current UFP actions do not add up to a sustained challenge to hegemonic, animal‐based dietary biopower. Rather, they reveal a plant‐centred dietary biopolitical project in the making, while specific cases suggest that this project is more accurately conceptualised as arrested due to the pursuit of food system actions that are counter to and in tension with the promotion of plant‐centred eating. We suggest that a more coherent reframing of dietary biopower would entail urban food governance actors engaging consistently and robustly with the debates surrounding animal‐based foods, as well as identifying and enacting synergies between plant‐centred eating, food poverty, and local economic development agendas.
Shortening and validation of the Patient Engagement In Research Scale (PEIRS) for measuring meaningful patient and family caregiver engagement
Authors: Hamilton Clayon B. , Hoens Alison M. , McKinnon Annette M. , McQuitty Shanon , English Kelly , Hawke Lisa D. , Li Linda C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo shorten the Patient Engagement In Research Scale (PEIRS) to its most essential items and evaluate its measurement properties for assessing the degree of patients’ and family caregivers’ meaningful engagement as partners in research projects.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional web‐based survey in Canada and the USA, and also paper‐based in Canada. Participants were patients or family caregivers who had engaged in research projects within the last 3 years, were ≥17 years old, and communicated in English. Extensive psychometric analyses were conducted.Results119 participants: 99 from Canada, 74 female, 51 aged 17‐35 years and 50 aged 36‐65 years, 60 had post‐secondary education, and 74 were Caucasian/white. The original 37‐item PEIRS was shortened to 22 items (PEIRS‐22), mainly because of low inter‐item correlations. PEIRS‐22 had a single dominant construct that accounted for 55% of explained variance. Analysis of PEIRS‐22 scores revealed the following: (1) acceptable floor and ceiling effects (<15%), (2) internal consistency (ordinal alpha = 0.96), (3) structural validity by fit to a Rasch measurement model, (4) construct validity by moderate correlations with the Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool, (5) good test‐retest reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.86) and (6) interpretability demonstrated by significant differences among PEIRS‐22 scores across three levels of global meaningful engagement in research.ConclusionsThe shortened PEIRS is valid and reliable for assessing the degree of meaningful patient and family caregiver engagement in research. It enables standardized assessment of engagement in research across various contexts.Patient or public contributionA researcher‐initiated collaboration, patient partners contributed from study conception to manuscript write‐up.