bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison Study on Characteristics of Hepatitis B Virus Whole Genomes for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: ZHANG Shuang , Wang Feng , Liu He , Su Qiudong , Qiu Feng , Zhang Guomin , Wang Fuzhen , Zheng Hui , Shen Liping , Bi Shenli 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective This study was to characterize the whole gene sequences of hepatitis B virus (HBV) derived from patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as those with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infections. Methods Patients in the HCC group and the CHB group were matched by age, gender, and region. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the HBV complete genome sequences. Results Serum samples were collected from 51 patients with HBV-related HCC and 76 patients with CHB. A total of 148 substitution sites deemed statistically significant were identified between the HCC and CHB groups. In addition, three mutational sites associated with HCC, (F22I/L/P in the pre-S2 region, P33S/T and S144A/T/V in the X region) were identified. Deletions to the pre-S and X regions were found in both HCC and CHB patients. However, deletions to the X region were more common in the HCC group than the CHB group. In this study the mutations associated with high risk of HCC mostly occurred in the sequences and some substitutions (C1470A/T, T1803A/G, and C1804T) that have not been previously reported. Conclusion It was implicated that aa33 and aa144 substitution in X region may be new predictive markers for HCC. The results of our study would provide important basic information for HCC prevention.
Comparative MCDM Analysis for AMD Treatment Method Selection
Authors: Štirbanović Zoran , Gardić Vojka , Stanujkić Dragiša , Marković Radmila , Sokolović Jovica , Stevanović Zoran 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Robule Lake is located in Eastern Serbia, near city of Bor, known for copper production, and it is being influenced by waste materials from mining activities. For the purification of water from Robule Lake, contaminated with various metal ions (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni, etc.), acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment methods such as: passive treatment method, sequential neutralization, ion exchange, adsorption process based on low cost adsorbents, adsorption process based on natural zeolits, electrodialysis, filtration with nanofiltration membranes, and reverse osmosis, were evaluated by following MCDM methods: TOPSIS, VIKOR, MOOSRA; WASPAS, and CoCoSo. Criteria used for the evaluation were: efficiency in the metal ions removal and the quality of the purified water, necessity of pre-treatment and / or post-treatment of treated water, possibility of using the generated waste, capital costs, operating and maintenance costs, needed area, and sensitivity of the method. The results of the MCDM analysis showed that sequential neutralization was the most appropriate for this wastewater, while passive treatment system and ion exchange were ranked as second and third, respectively.After the selection of AMD treatment method, neutralization tests with lime were carried out on the water sample from Robule Lake. The results of sequential neutralization testing showed that concentration of Fe ions could be lowered below the maximal allowable concentration prescribed by Serbian legislation at pH value 4. The other metal ions: Cu, Zn, and Ni needed pH value 7, and Mn and Cd needed pH 10 for effective removal.
Improvement in Detecting the Fate of Covid-19 Patients and Rule-based Analysis to Discover the Most Important Rules Governing their Fate
Authors: Ilbeigipour Sadegh , Albadvi Amir , Noughabi Elham Akhondzadeh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The world today faces a new challenge that is unprecedented in the last 100 years. The emergence of a new coronavirus has led to a human catastrophe. The new coronavirus is the cause of the Covid-19 disease, which kills many people in the world every day. Scientists in various sciences have been looking for solutions to this problem so far. In addition to general vaccination, maintaining social distance and hygienic principles are the most well-known strategies to prevent Covid-19 infection. In this research, we have tried to examine the symptoms of Covid-19 cases through different supervised machine learning methods. We solved the class imbalance problem using the SMOTE up-sampling method and then developed some classification models to predict the recovery or death of patients. Besides, we implemented a rule-based technique to identify important symptoms that affect patients' fate and calculate the range of values in these features that lead to recovery or death of patients. Our results showed that the random forest model with 94% accuracy, 95.2% sensitivity, 92.7% specification, 93.2% precision, and 94.2% F-score outperforms state-of-the-art classification models. Finally, we identified the ten most significant rules in the data set. The rules state that different combinations of 6 features in certain ranges of their values lead to patients' recovery with 90% confidence. In conclusion, the classification results in this study show better performance than recent researches. Besides, help physicians consider other important factors in improving health services to different groups of Covid-19 patients.
Prevalence and Determinants of Activity of Daily Living and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Among Elderly in India
Authors: Chauhan Shekhar , Kumar Shubham , Bharti Rupam , Patel Ratna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The increase in life expectancy has proliferated the number of elderly and subsequently increased the prevalence of disability among the elderly. This study assesses the prevalence of Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) and analyzed determinants of ADL and IADL among elderly aged 60 and over living in India.Methods: The study utilized the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI, 2017-18) data, and information was sought from 31,464 elderly aged 60 years and above. An index of ADL and IADL was created on a scale of three levels, exhibiting no, moderate, or severe levels of ADL/IADL disability. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the effect of sociodemographic parameters on ADL and IADL disability among the elderly.Results: Around 3 percent of the elderly reported severe ADL disability, and 6 percent elderly reported severe IADL disability. Elderly who were not involved in any physical activity than their counterparts were more likely to report severe ADL (RRR=2.68, C.I.=1.66-4.32) and severe IADL (RRR=2.70, C.I.=1.98-3.67) than no ADL and no IADL, respectively. Conclusion: Amidst the study finding, the study emphasizes the importance of setting-up of geriatric care centres in rural and urban areas. It would be feasible to provide geriatric care under the umbrella of already functioning government health facilities in different parts of the country. Community interventions earmarking the elderly with a focus on physical activity, specifically when they are based in group physical exercise and implemented through existing networks, are rewarding for the elderly.
A Novel Combined Model for Prediction of Daily Precipitation Data using Instantaneous Frequency Feature and Bidirectional Long Short Time Memory Networks
Authors: Latifoğlu Levent 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the developing world, to learn nature better, to get the maximum benefit from nature is being studied. Meteorological events constantly affect human life. The occurrence of excessive precipitation in a short time causes important events such as floods. However, in case of insufficient precipitation for a long time, drought occurs. In recent years, significant changes in precipitation regimes have been observed and these changes cause socioeconomic and ecological problems. Therefore, it is of great importance to correctly predict and analyze these variables. In this study, reliable and accurate precipitation forecasting model is proposed. Ensemble of instantaneous frequency (IF) Bidirectional Long Short Time Memory Networks (biLSTM) model was employed for the aim of forecasting of daily precipitation data. To compare the performance of biLSTM model, Long Short Time Memory Networks (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model was applied for forecasting of daily precipitation data. The performance of the proposed IF-biLSTM model was evaluated using Mean absolute error (MAE), Mean square Error (MSE), Correlation Coefficient (R) and Determination Coefficient (R2) performance parameter. According to numerical results, IF-biLSTM model has the best forecasting performance for daily precipitation data. Especially six ahead precipitation forecasting is noteworthy.
Different Ground Corn Particle Size in Supplements for Young Bulls Grazing During Intensive System Production
Authors: Freiria Lucien Bissi da , Zervoudakis Joanis Tilemahos , de Paula Nelcino Francisco , Fonseca Mozart Alves , Hatamoto-Zervoudakis Luciana Keiko , Silva Pedro Ivo José Lopes da Rosa e , Silva Yasmim Rodrigues Vilas Boas e , Possamai Adriano Jorge 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We hypothesized that a decrease in flint corn particle size in the supplements of young bulls during grazing promotes better use of starch in the total gastrointestinal tract, with less starch lost in the feces, thus increasing growth performance. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of supplements with different ground corn particle sizes on the growth performance, economic analysis, intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients for beef cattle in Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu pastures during the rainy-dry transition season. Sixty-four Nelore bulls, with an average age of 16 months and 303.6 ± 18.0 kg of body weight (BW), were distributed in a completely randomized design. The treatments were WG = whole grain (geometric mean particle size, dgw, 6.262 µm); CG = coarse ground grain (dgw, 2.882 µm); MG = medium ground grain (dgw, 1.011 µm); and FG = fine ground grain (dgw, 0.621 µm). The supplements with ground grain or whole grain were similar (P > 0.05) in terms of intake and the digestibility of dry matter (DM), forage, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), and total digestible nutrients (TDN). However, the starch digestion in the total tract was higher (P < 0.05) with ground grain than with whole grain. The different geometric mean particle sizes of the grain in the supplements were not sufficient to alter (P > 0.05) the starch digestion in the total tract. The starch fecal concentration decreased with ground grain compared with that for whole grain (P < 0.05). However, no differences in growth performance were observed among the treatments (P > 0.05). Supplementation with CG promoted a slightly greater net revenue (+ 11.51%) and return per ha (+ 12.8%) compared with WG, while MG and FG yielded worse economic results. Therefore, CG showed higher economic performance and efficiency utilization of starch, suggesting it is a better strategy for providing supplements to young grazing bulls.
COVID-19 and intracranial hemorrhage: a multicenter case series, systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors: Schmidbauer Moritz L , Ferse Caroline , Salih Farid , Klingner Carsten , Musleh Rita , Kunst Stefan , Wittstock Matthias , Neumann Bernhard , Bösel Julian , Godau Jana , Lochner Piergiorgio , Adam Elisabeth H , Jahnke Kolja , Knier Benjamin , Schirotzek Ingo , Müllges Wolfgang , Notz Quirin , Dengl Markus , Güldner Andreas , Onur Oezguer A , Borrega Jorge Garcia , Dimitriadis Konstantinos , Günther Albrecht 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) profoundly impacts on hemostasis and microvasculature. Correspondingly, antithrombotic therapy is frequently used for prophylaxis or treatment of thromboembolic complications as well as in the context of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, reports of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have also emerged. In the light of the dilemma between thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications, we sought to systematically investigate incidence, mortality, radiological subtypes and clinical characteristics of ICH in COVID-19 patients.Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed a systematic review of literature by screening the PubMed database and included patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and concomitant ICH. Furthermore, we performed a pooled analysis including a prospectively collected cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients with ICH as part of the PANDEMIC registry (Pooled Analysis of Neurologic Disorders Manifesting in Intensive care of COVID-19).Results: Our literature review revealed a total of 217 citations. After selection process, 79 studies and a total of 477 patients were included. Median age was 58.8 years (95% CI 54.8 years-62.9 years; I2 = 85,6%). 23.3% patients experienced critical stage of COVID-19 (95% CI 8.9% − 61.2%, I2 = 53.8%). 62.7% patients were on anticoagulation (95% CI 38.2% − 103.0%, I2 = 82,6%), and 27.5% patients received ECMO (95% CI 5.8% − 130.2%, I2 = 92.7%). Microbleeds (51.1%, 95% CI 31.1% − 84.2%, I2 = 85.1%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (26.6%, 95% CI 16.8% − 42.0%, I2 = 61.2%) and intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) (33.7%, 95% CI 23.3% − 48.8%, I2 = 63.7%) were most frequently documented as ICH subtypes. Incidence was at 0.85% (95% CI 0.36%-1.99%; I2 = 97.5%) and mortality at 52.18% (95% CI 40.40%-67.39%; I2 = 51.7%), respectively.Conclusion: ICH in COVID-19 patients is rare, but has a very poor prognosis. Different subtypes of ICH seen in COVID-19 support the assumption of heterogenous and multifactorial pathomechanisms contributing to ICH in COVID-19. Further data and pathophysiological insights are warranted to resolve the conflict between thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications in the future.
Optimal Support Solution of Soft Rock Roadway Based on Drucker-Prager Yield Criteria
Authors: Ma Minghui , Guo Qifeng , Pan Jiliang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Through theoretical calculation, the stress and deformation of surrounding rock can be analyzed, which can provide guidance for support design and optimization of soft rock roadway. In this paper, theoretical solutions for both the optimal support pressure and the allowable maximum displacement of surrounding rock are derived based on the Drucker-Prager (DP) yield criteria and the steady creep criterion expressed by the third invariant of deviator stress. The DP criteria with different parameters are compared and analyzed by an engineering example. Then, based on the calculation results, the effects of long-term strength, cohesion and internal friction angle of soft rock on the maximum plastic zone radius and allowable maximum displacement of roadway are discussed. The results show that the optimal support solution of soft rock roadway based on DP criteria can not only reflect the intermediate principal stress reasonably, but also can compare and discuss the influence of different DP criteria on the calculation results. The higher the long-term strength of the roadway surrounding rock is, the smaller the optimal support force is and the larger the allowable maximum displacement is. When the calculated long-term strength of soft rock can ensure that the deformation of the roadway does not exceed the allowable maximum displacement, the roadway can maintain long-term stability without support. With the increase of the cohesion or internal friction angle of soft rock, the radius of plastic zone decreases gradually, and the allowable maximum displacement is reduced by degrees. Through grouting and other means to improve the strength of surrounding rock can effectively reduce the roadway deformation and save support costs.
Health and Wellbeing Needs and Priorities in Mining Host Communities in South Africa: A Mixed-Methods Approach For Identifying Key SDG3 Targets
Authors: Rice Brian , Boccia Delia , Carter Daniel J , Weiner Renay , Letsela Lebohang , Wit Mariken , Pursell Rebecca , Jana Michael , Gafos Mitzy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The global mining industry has an opportunity to mobilize resources to advance progress against the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In 2018, the Anglo-American Group outlined aspirations for mining host communities to meet the SDG3 health targets. To progress from aspiration to action we designed and implemented a mixed-methods approach to attain a deeper understanding of the health and wellbeing priorities within the local context of host communities of fifteen mines in South Africa.
Methods
To identify local needs and priorities relating to SDG3 targets in host communities, stakeholder workshops and key informant interviews were conducted between June and August 2019. A baseline assessment of health data, related to each of the SDG3 targets and indicators and to each host community location, was also conducted. Findings emerging from the qualitative and quantitative baseline assessments were compared to identify the extent to which health issues aligned and health and wellbeing priority areas for action.
Results
A total of 407 people participated in the workshops, and 85 key informants were interviewed. Quantitative data were available at sub-national level for seven of the nine SDG3 targets and eleven of the 21 indicators. Key priority areas for action identified through alignment of the qualitative and quantitative data were maternal mortality (SDG3.1), HIV (SDG3.3.1), tuberculosis (SDG3.3.2), substance abuse (SDG3.5), and road traffic accidents (SDG3.6) We found consistency in the individual, interpersonal, community, societal, and structural factors underlying these priority areas. At a structural level, poor access to quality healthcare was raised at every workshop as a key factor underlying the achievement of all SDG3 targets. Of the five priority areas identified, HIV, TB and substance abuse were found to overlap in the study communities in terms of risk, burden, and underlying factors.
Conclusions
We demonstrate a mixed method approach for identifying local health needs and prioritised SDG3 targets in mining host communities. Consistency in reporting suggests the need for effective, efficient and feasible interventions to address five priority areas. Given the prominent economic role of the mining sector in South Africa, it can play a critical role in implementing programmatic activities that further progress towards achieving the SDG3 targets.
Matrix Equations Models For Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Two-Dimensional And Three-Dimensional RC Structures With Lateral Load Resisting Cantilever Elements
Authors: Shmerling Assaf 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In control engineering and structural dynamics, mathematical models such as the state-space representation, equation-of-motion, and the phase plane are matrix equations describing the system equilibrium. This paper develops novel matrix equations models for linear/nonlinear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with cantilever elements lateral load resisting system (e.g., RC shear wall, RC core). The matrix equations models offer a reliable and idealized tool for introducing two-dimensional and three-dimensional cantilever structures to control engineering and structural dynamics' equation-of-motion. The displacement-related stiffness matrix of cantilever elements is determined using the Left Riemann Sums (LRS) numerical integration method that yields transformation matrices that cater to the element's boundary conditions. The three-dimensional structure's mass and stiffness matrices are determined using the Direct Stiffness Method (DSM) and local-to-global-coordinates transformation matrices. The nonlinear matrix structural analysis employs a smooth hysteretic model for deteriorating inelastic structures, referring to the relation between the bending moment and the bending-curvature through the bending-stiffness. The parameters controlling the cyclic behavior regard a composite RC cross-section subject to gravitational load and bending simultaneously. The paper includes four examples that exemplify the practical utilization of the matrix equations models in analyzing two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures of linearly-elastic and inelastic properties. The four examples demonstrated the idealized applicability of the matrix equations models that suit state-space, equation-of-motion, and phase plane analyses.
Interdecadal Variations of Persistent Extreme Heat Events in Eastern China Under Global Warming
Authors: Zang Naihui , Zhao Junhu , Yan Pengcheng , Zhang Han , Tang Shankai , Guolin Feng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Persistent extreme heat events (PEHEs) exert a more negative impact on society, including agriculture, plant phenology, power production and human health, compared to general EHEs. The temporal and spatial characteristics of summer PEHEs in eastern China were analysed based on a daily maximum temperature dataset from 759 stations over the period of 1961–2018. The results show the following: Persistent distributions of PEHEs show that they are characterized by an exponential decay with a drop in the decay rate. In terms of spatial distribution, there is an apparent regional difference in the duration of PEHEs. North China is dominated by multi-frequency and short-duration EHEs, while South China is the opposite. PEHEs in North China and the Huanghuai region mainly occur in June-July but mostly in July and August in South China. Strongly responding to global warming, the frequency and duration of PEHEs in North China have increased since the 1990s. However, the frequency of PEHEs in North China and the Huanghuai region has shown opposite trends in June-July since the beginning of the 21st century. Affected by the atmospheric circulations, the regional differences in PEHE frequency are also apparent. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the PEHEs in North China and the Huanghuai area have shown an increasing trend in August. The short-term PEHEs in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and South China increased rapidly in the 2000s, while long-term PEHEs increased in the 2010s. This study implies that attention should be paid to not only the frequency of EH days but also to the persistence of EHE which is a key characteristic of damaging EH.