bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid technique combining intramedullary pinning with extramedullary plate fixation in unstable and comminuted radial head fractures following on-table reconstruction
Authors: Gao Xu , Dai Shi-you , Yin Hai-Lei , Li Fei , Sui Yong-Qiang , Huang Rui , Fan Hai-yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Management of comminuted radial fractures remains controversial. Currently, the emergence of on-table reconstruction technique has made fixation in comminuted radial head fractures more viable. However, the present study reported an intro-operative unstable displacement from the reconstructed radial head to the neck during plate fixation, characterized by a poor radiocapitellar contact and incongruity between the radial head and neck. A hybrid technique combining with intramedullary pining was performed in our study to restore the normal alignment and maintain the stability of fixation. Therefore, the purpose of this article aimed to prove the feasibility of unstable comminuted radial head fractures treated with the extramedullary plate and intramedullary pinning fixation using titanium elastic nails. Methods: The clinical, functional and radiographic outcomes of the groups were compared during follow-up. The radiographic examination was conducted to evaluate the status of bone union, heterotopic ossification and post-traumatic arthritis. The functional assessment was performed to evaluate clinical effects, which included measurements of range of motion (ROM) in the elbow, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, Elbow Self-Assessment score (ESAS), Mayo Elbow Performance score (MEPS), and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH)Outcome Measure score.Results: Fifteen patients with unstable fractures were participated with an average follow-up of (37.2±5.8) months for the experimental group and (33.2±7.1) months for the control group, respectively. The ROM of the elbow and functional outcomes in the experimental group, including MEPS and DASH, were significantly superior to the control group. However, no significant difference was observed in the mean VAS score between two groups. In the last follow-up, two patients with post-traumatic arthritis rated as grades 1 and two with heterotopic ossifications were observed in the experimental group. In the control group, degenerative changes were observed in four cases (grade 1 in three cases and grade 2 in one case) and heterotopic ossifications rated as grade I were found in two patients. Conclusion: Collectively, intramedullary pinning with extramedullary plate fixation is feasible in unstable comminuted radial head fractures, which can be considered as a remedial surgery for on-table reconstruction technique. Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered
Phenylethanoid glycosides as a possible COVID-19 protease inhibitor: a virtual screening approach
Authors: Bernardi Mario , Ghaani Mohammad Reza , Bayazeid Omer 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
From the beginning of pandemic more than 100 million people have been infected with a death rate higher than 2%. Indeed, the current exit strategy involving the spreading of vaccines must be combined with progress in effective treatments development. This scenario is sadly supported by the vaccine’s immune activation time and the inequalities in the global immunization schedule. Bringing the crises under control means providing the world population with accessible and impactful new therapeutics. We screened a natural product library that contains a unique collection of 2370 natural products into the binding site of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro). According to the docking score and to the interaction at the active site, three phenylethanoid glycosides (forsythiaside A, isoacteoside and verbascoside) were selected. In order to provide better insight into the atomistic interaction and test the impact of the three selected compounds at the binding site, we resorted to a half microsecond-long molecular dynamics simulation. As a result, we are showing that forsythiaside A is the most stable molecule and it is likely to possess the highest inhibitory effect against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Phenylethanoid glycosides also have been reported to have both protease and kinase activity. This kinase inhibitory activity is very beneficial in fighting viruses inside the body as kinases are required for viral entry, metabolism, and/or reproduction. The dual activity (kinase/protease) of phenylethanoid glycosides makes them very promising anit-COVID-19 agents.
Exploring the impact of gene mutation on the progression of multistage colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Wentao , Qin Haiquan , Huang Zigao , Liao Jiankun , Qin Yongjie , Li Baojia , Lai Hao , Mo Xianwei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This article focused on the key role that the cumulative mutations of somatic genes play during the progression of colorectal cancer from benign adenoma to highly malignant mucinous adenocarcinoma. Moreover, the article explains the reasons for the differences in the prognosis of the left-sided and right-sided colon cancer by comparing the number of mutations in the cases. METHODS: In this study, tumor specimens from patients with different stages and different states of co-occurring colonic adenoma, colonic adenocarcinoma, and colonic mucinous adenocarcinoma were extracted and analyzed for gene mutations in different tumor development stages during the progressive evolution from normal tissue to mucinous adenocarcinoma by second-generation sequencing gene detection. Conclusion: The number of somatic gene mutations showed an increasing trend during the progression from normal tissue to the mucinous adenocarcinoma with the highest malignancy. No difference in the underlying genetic level between the right-sided and left-sided colon cancer was observed. However, the prognosis of the right-sided colon cancer patients was worse than that of the left-sided colon cancer patients, suggesting that the longer growth cycle of the right-sided colon cancer may be the main reason for the difference of prognosis.
Microbiome of the Rhizosphere: from Structure to Functions
Authors: Ling Ning , Wang Tingting , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Microbial composition and functioning in the rhizosphere are among the most fascinating but hidden topics in microbial ecology. We generalized bacterial traits regarding community diversity, composition and functions using published 16s rDNA amplicon sequences of 584 pairs of bulk soils vs rhizosphere of crops. The lower bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere (-7% richness) compared to root-free soil reflects the excess of available organic substances near the root. The rhizosphere is enriched by Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria as well as other copiotrophic bacteria (r strategists). Complex but unstable bacterial networks in rhizosphere reflect tight microbial interactions and adaptations to fluctuating conditions common for r strategists. The dominant dormancy strategy in the rhizosphere is the toxin-antitoxin system, while sporulation is common in bulk soil. Function prediction analysis showed that the rhizosphere is strongly enriched (50–115%) in methanol oxidation, ureolysis, cellulolysis, chitinolysis and nitrogen fixation, but strongly depleted in functions related to N-cycling.
Structure and variation of root-associated bacterial communities of Cyperus rotundus L. in the contaminated soils around Pb/Zn mine sites
Authors: Gao Pin , Song Benru , Xu Rui , Sun Xiaoxu , Lin Hanzhi , Xu Fuqing , Li Baoqin , Sun Weimin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Soil contamination due to mining activities is a great concern in China. Although the effects of mining pollution resulting in changes of soil characteristics and the microbiome have been documented, studies on the responses of plant root-associated microbial assemblages remain scarce. In this work, we collected bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, and root endosphere samples of Cyperus rotundus L (Cyp) plants from two Pb/Zn mines, of which, one was abandoned (SL) and the other was active (GD), to investigate the bacterial community responses across different site contamination levels and Cyp plant compartments. For comparison, one unpolluted site (SD) was included. Results revealed that soils from the SL and GD sites were seriously contaminated by metal(loid)s, including Pb, Zn, As, and Sb. Bacterial richness and diversity depended on the sampling site and plant compartment. All sample types from the SL site had the lowest bacterial diversities and their bacterial communities also exhibited distinct patterns compared to GD and SD samples. As for the specific sampling site, bacterial communities from the root endosphere exhibited different patterns from those in bulk and rhizosphere soil. Compared to the GD and SD sites, the root endosphere and the rhizosphere soil from the SL site shared core microbes, including Halomonas, Pelagibacterium, and Chelativorans, suggesting that they play key roles in Cyp plant survival in such harsh environments.
Protein Complexes Detection Based on Node Local Properties and Gene Expression On PPI Weighted Networks
Authors: Yu Yang , Kong Dezhou 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Identifying protein complexes from protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks is a crucial task, and many related algorithms have been developed to solve this issue. These algorithms usually consider a node’s direct neighbors and ignore resource allocation and second-order neighbors. The effective use of such information is crucial to protein complex detection.Results To overcome this deficiency, this paper proposes a new protein complex identification method based on node-local topological properties and gene expression information on a new weighted PPI network, named NLPGE-WPN (joint node-local topological properties and gene expression information on weighted PPI network). First, based on the resource allocation of the PPI network and gene expression, a new weight metric is designed to describe the interaction between proteins. Second, our method constructs a series of dense complex cores based on density and network diameter constraints; the final complexes are recognized by expanding the second-order neighbor nodes of core complexes. Experimental results demonstrate that this algorithm has improved the performances of precision and f-measure, which is more valid in identifying protein complexes．Conclusions This identification method is simple and can accurately identify more complexes by integrating node-local properties and gene expression on PPI weighted networks.
A comprehensive study of volatile organic compounds from the actual emission of Chinese cooking
Authors: Sun Chengyi , Zhao Liyun , Chen Xue , Nie Lei , Shi Aijun , Bai Huahua , Li Guoao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
China’s current perspective for big cities were filled with great population, great number of restaurants, growing gaseous pollutants and great pollution. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were main components of catering industry gaseous pollutants. In this study, we collected and analyzed VOCs from Home cooking (HC), Sichuan and Hunan cuisine (S&H), Shandong cuisine (SD), Anhui cuisine (AH), Beijing cuisine (BJ) and Barbecue (BBQ). The result showed that BBQ gave the highest VOCs concentration (6287.61 µg•m− 3), followed by HC (1806.11 ± 2401.85 µg•m− 3), SD (2238.55 ± 2413.53 µg•m− 3), AH (1745.89 µg•m− 3), S&H (1373.58 ± 1457.45 µg•m− 3) and BJ (288.81 µg•m− 3). The abundance of alkane was higher among BBQ, Anhui Cuisine and HC with the proportion from 33–71%. SD contained higher halohydrocarbons proportion (33%). BJ characterized by high-oxygenated volatile organic compounds proportion (50%). The ozone formation potential (OFP) of BBQ was much greater than other cuisines. The degree of stench pollution from cooking VOCs of HC was 17.51 ± 16.95, followed by S&H (15.77 ± 16.85), SD (15.12 ± 14.17), AH (16.29), BBQ (2.58) and BJ (1.81). Benzene had highest life cancer risk (LCR) in SD (2.11⋅10− 5 ± 3.12⋅10− 5), following HC (4.50⋅10− 6 ± 3.83⋅10− 6) and S&H (4.08⋅10− 6 ± 4.49⋅10− 6). Acrolein had a high hazard index (HI) in HC (789.81 ± 768.77), following AH (728.78), S&H (689.89 ± 776.07), SD (664.29 ± 648.77), BBQ (65.93) and BJ (62.84).
Understanding the Context of Healthcare Utilisation for Children Under-five with Diarrhea in the DRC: Based on Andersen Behavioural Model
Authors: Zou Siyu , Qi Xinran , He Qiwei , Wang Zhicheng , Marshall Keiko , Bhura Maria , Takesue Rie , Tang Kun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of death among children under five years old in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Despite positive effects on prognosis, there is limited literature about the healthcare-seeking behaviours of children with diarrhoea, especially in the DRC. This study used the Andersen Behavioural Model, a theoretical framework, which was commonly adopted to study healthcare utilisation, to investigate and predict factors associated with the use of healthcare to treat diarrhoea in the DRC.
Methods

Using structural equation modelling (SEM), we tested both direct and indirect relationships among four latent variables: predisposing traits, enabling resources access, health needs, and health services use. Guided by the Andersen Behavioural Model, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis model was also modified based on the DRC context.
Results

The modified model had the goodness of fit index (GFI) of 0.959 and RMSEA of 0.060 (95% CI: 0. 058, 0.061). Health needs (especially diarrhoea) had the largest positive direct effect on healthcare utilisation (standardized regression coefficient [β] = 0.79, P < 0.001), followed by “enabling resources” (β = 0.033, P < 0.001). Health needs also emerged as a mediator for the negative effect of predisposing traits on utilisation (indirect effect, β= -0.021; P < 0.001). Aside from predisposing traits, the proposed relationships (enabling resources access, health needs) were positively associated with healthcare utilisation.
Discussion

Results demonstrated that mothers with higher educational attainment, from wealthier households, and living in environments conducive to seeking health services were more likely to have positive healthcare utilisation behaviours when treating their children’s diarrhoea. Efforts are needed to strengthen and improve the caregivers’ awareness of children’s disease status, as well as communication between the healthcare system and the community. This will contribute to raising awareness of child diarrhoeal illness and their subsequent use of the healthcare system.
Analysis of The Cells Isolated From Epithelial Cell Rests of Malassez Through Single-cell Limiting Dilution
Authors: Islam Syed Taufiqul , Kurashige Yoshihito , Bolortsetseg Dembereldorj , Minowa Erika , Okada Yunosuke , Sakakibara Sayaka , Abiko Yoshihiro , Saitoh Masato 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM) play a pivotal role in preventing ankylosis between the alveolar bone and the tooth. Although several functions of ERM has been reported, the mechanism behind preventing dentoalveolar ankylosis remains unclear. In this study, 18 clones were isolated from ERM (CRUDE) using the single-cell limiting dilution method. Among them, ERM-2 and -3, which exhibited the highest and lowest proliferation rates, respectively, were selected. ERM-2, ERM-3, and CRUDE ERM were stained with epithelial markers, including cytokeratin-wide and cytokeratin-19, via immunofluorescence. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed increased expression levels of p75 (ameloblast marker), amelogenin, and sfrp5 (inner enamel epithelial cell marker) in the ERM-2 cells. Alternatively, ameloblastin and ck-14 (outer enamel epithelial cell marker) were highly expressed in ERM-3 cells. The mineralization of human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPDLF) was inhibited when co-cultured with ERM-2, ERM-3, and CRUDE ERM cells. The addition of an anti-amelogenin antibody restored the mineralization of HPDLF cells. Transplanted rat molar cultured in ERM-2 (high amelogenin secretive clone) cell-derived supernatant resulted in significantly smaller bone formation than those cultured in the CRUDE ERM and ERM-3 cell-derived supernatants. These findings indicate that amelogenin produced by ERM cells might be involved in preventing dentoalveolar ankylosis.
PAX8 lineage-driven T cell-engaging antibody for the treatment of high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Lee Emily , Nguyen Andrew Anh , Szvetecz Sarah , Polli Ryan , Grauel Angelo , Chen Jayson , Judge Joyce , Jaiswal Smita , Maeda Rie , Voedisch Bernd , Piksa Mateusz , Japutra Chietrara , Sadhasivam Lingheswar , Wang Yiqin , Carrion Ana , Isim Sinan , Liang Jinsheng , Nicholson Thomas , Lei Hong , Qing Fang , Steinkrauss Michelle , Walker Dana , Wagner Joel , Cremasco Viviana , Wang Hui Qin , Galli Giorgio G , Granda Brian , Mansfield Keith , Simmons Quincey , Jordan Nicole Vincent 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) represent the most common of the ovarian malignancies. Due to the frequency of late-stage diagnosis and high rates of recurrence following standard of care treatments, novel therapies are needed to promote durable responses. We investigated the anti-tumor activity of CD3 T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (TCBs) directed against the PAX8 lineage-driven HGSOC tumor antigen LYPD1 and demonstrated that anti-LYPD1 TCBs induce T cell activation and promote in vivo tumor growth inhibition in LYPD1-expressing HGSOC. To selectively target LYPD1-expressing tumor cells with high expression while sparing cells with low expression, we coupled bivalent low-affinity anti-LYPD1 Fabs with the anti-CD3 SP34 scFv. In contrast to the monovalent anti-LYPD1 high-affinity TCB (VHP354), the bivalent low-affinity anti-LYPD1 TCB (QZC131) demonstrated antigen density-dependent selectivity and showed tolerability in cynomolgus monkeys at the maximum dose tested of 3 mpk. Collectively, these data demonstrate that bivalent TCBs directed against LYPD1 have compelling efficacy and safety profiles supportive of consideration for treatment of high-grade serous ovarian cancers.
Significant Increase of HBV Infection in HIV Infected Patients With Disease Progression in China Based on Two MSM HIV Infected Cohorts
Authors: Zhu Zhiqiang , Liang Qi , Jiang Taiyi , Jiao Yanmei , Zhang Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The date about the condition of HBV co infection with the disease progress of HIV is limited. To investigate whether the incidence of HBV co-infection is significantly higher in HIV patients with disease progression in China, we compared rates of HBV co-infection in HIV patients based on an acute and a chronic HIV infected cohort. Significance was assessed with Chi-square. HBV infection is diagnosed by the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen. The HBsAg positive rate increased from 6.18% in acute HIV infection to 11.44% in chronic HIV infection. Thirty-four acute HIV patients had been tested for HBV in their chronic phase, four of them had HBV -specific antigens and/or specific antibodies changes. The number of Hepatitis B virus-specific antibodies decreased from acute phase to chronic phase in four patients and two patients’ HBsAg changed from negative to positive. There is an increased prevalence of HBV infection in HIV patients with the disease progression in China.
Properties Investigation of Epoxidized Sunflower Oil as Bioplasticizer for Poly (Lactic Acid)
Authors: BOUTI Mohamed , IRINISLIMANE Ratiba , Belhaneche-Bensemra Naima 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to improve the ductility of poly (lactic acid) (PLA). For that purpose, bioblends based on PLA and epoxidized vegetable oils (EVO) as bioplasticizers were prepared. Commercial sunflower oil was epoxidized and epoxidized sunflower oil (ESO) was used as plasticizer for PLA. To investigate ESO potential as plasticizer for PLA, its plasticizing effect was compared with commercial epoxidized soya bean oil (ESBO). The plasticizers (ESO or ESBO) were respectively compounded with PLA at 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%. Mechanical (tensile and Shore D hardness), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)) and morphological properties (optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) were characterized. The results showed that the addition of ESO or ESBO to PLA decreased tensile strength and tensile modulus compared to neat PLA but increased elongation at break for which an optimum (9.02%, 15.55% and 33.67% for ESBO, ESO5.5% and ESO6.5% respectively) was reached at a content of 20 wt% of plasticizer. The structures of the obtained plasticized PLA were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. DSC showed a clear decrease in the glass transition temperature of PLA and SEM analysis proved successful modification on the PLA brittle morphology with addition of EVO. On the other hand, TGA results revealed significant increase in the thermal stability. Based on the results of this study, ESO exhibited promising results regarding
The Spatial Predicting of COVID-19 Incidence and Its Mortality Based On OLS and GWR Models in Iran
Authors: Ghanbari Abolfazl , Baradaran Behzad , Ahmadi Hamed , Ahmadi Maryam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Within six months of the COVID-19 outbreak, 350279 people were infected, and 20125 people died of COVID-19 in Iran. There is an urgent need to find the most accurate effective indicators on this disease's outbreak in order to control and predict. Methods: We examined the effect of 36 demographic, economic, environmental, health infrastructure, social, and topographic independent variables on the COVID-19 infection and mortality rates using the ordinary least squares (OLS) model in ArcGIS 10.5. Regarding adjusted R-squared>0/7, we selected 20 variables for COVID-19 infection rate and 16 variables for the mortality rate. The collinearity problem between the selected variables resolved after using the variance inflation factor (VIF). Then, we performed the OLS and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models in ArcGIS 10.5.Results: Having a large number of men, having a large population, lack of specialist doctors, lack of hospital, having a large urban population, having a large number of people aged 65 and over or older individuals, and high natural mortality rate had the most prominent impact on the COVID-19 infection increasing rate. Also, lack of ICU beds, low number of insured people, lack of subspecialist physicians, and lack of hospital beds had the most prominent impact on increasing of COVID-19 mortality. Then the variables with VIF above 7.5 were removed and finally, high incoming immigrants rate and lack of nurses were identified as two independent variables to predict COVID-19 infection rate. In addition, high incoming immigrants rate and high number of doctor consultation were recognized as two variables to predict mortality rate due to COVID-19. The results of the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and adj.R2 showed that both models were appropriate for these analyses.Conclusions: Based on our results, there would be a considerable increase in COVID-19 infection in Kerman, Esfahan, and Kermanshah provinces. In addition, there would be a remarkable decrease in COVID-19 infection in Khuzestan, Lorestan, Azarbayjan Shargi, and Tehran provinces. Regarding COVID-19 mortality, there would be a substantial rise in Fars and Khorasan Razavi provinces. Moreover, our analyses predicted a considerable diminish in COVID-19 mortality in Tehran, Ardebil, Zanjan, Gilan, Golestan, Lorestan, Khuzestan, Bushehr, and Hormozgan provinces.