bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ileal conduit versus neobladder: A propensity score‐matched analysis of the effect on renal function
Authors: Iqbal Umar , Houenstein Holly A , Elsayed Ahmed S , Jing Zhe , James Gaybrielle , Hussein Ahmed A , Guru Khurshid A 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo analyze the long‐term effects of continent (neobladder) compared with incontinent (ileal conduit) urinary diversion.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective review of our departmental database. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Neobladder and ileal conduit patients were matched in a 1:2 ratio and a propensity score‐matched analysis was carried out. Data were summarized using descriptive analysis. Trend plots were generated using baseline and follow‐up creatinine values to compare estimated glomerular filtration rate at 3 months, then annually for 5 years. Variables associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate were assessed using multivariate linear analysis.ResultsOur cohort consisted of 137 patients (neobladder n = 50 and ileal conduit n = 87) with a median follow‐up time of 3 years (interquartile range 1–7 years). The ileal conduit group had shorter operative times (352 vs 444 min, P < 0.01), intracorporeal diversions were more common (66% vs 44%, P = 0.01), had prior abdominal surgery (66% vs 38%, P < 0.01) and had radiation (9% vs 0%, P = 0.03). The neobladder group more commonly had recurrent urinary tract infections (22% vs 3%, P < 0.01) and a steeper decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate in the first year. On multivariate linear analysis, age/year (−0.59), body mass index per kg/m2 (−0.52), preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate per unit (0.51), recurrent urinary tract infections (−14.03) and time versus day 90 (year 1, −7.52; year 2, −9.06; year 3, −10.78) were significantly associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate.ConclusionIleal conduits and neobladders showed a similar effect on the estimated glomerular filtration rate up to 5 years after robot‐assisted radical cystectomy. Recurrent urinary tract infections were associated with a worse estimated glomerular filtration rate.
The relationship between overactive bladder, metabolic syndrome and shift work: A literature review
Authors: Rosa Debora , Villa Giulia , Bonetti Loris , Togni Serena , Destrebecq Anne , Montanari Emanuele , Terzoni Stefano 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCould shift nurses develop overactive bladder (OAB) as a result of metabolic syndrome (MetS)? Shift work and consequent sleep disorders are risk factors of developing MetS. The aim of this literature review was to describe the correlation between MetS OAB and shift work. Search terms (free terms, MeSH): ‘metabolic syndrome’, ‘urologic diseases’; papers published in the last 10 years (2009–2019) were searched in major medical databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane Database of Systematic Review). We included all randomized controlled trials, observational studies, reviews and we included papers studying MetS and OAB. Quality assessment of the papers was conducted according to the Dixon‐Woods checklist. Seven articles were analysed. The literature review pointed out that insulin resistance, hypertension, obesity, high‐density lipoproteins (HDL), cholesterol and triglycerides have a relationship with MetS. The prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance increases the risk of urolithiasis especially in women. Nurses are an occupational category at risk for MetS, due mainly to shift work. All this could therefore put nurses in a position to develop OAB, but studies are needed that analyse the urinary habits of this professional category to prevent bad habits and reduce absenteeism.
Spatial determinates of effector and memory CD8+ T cell fates*
Authors: Duckworth Brigette C. , Qin Raymond Z. , Groom Joanna R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe lymph node plays a critical role in mounting an adaptive immune response to infection, clearance of foreign pathogens, and cancer immunosurveillance. Within this complex structure, intranodal migration is vital for CD8+ T cell activation and differentiation. Combining tissue clearing and volumetric light sheet fluorescent microscopy of intact lymph nodes has allowed us to explore the spatial regulation of T cell fates. This has determined that short‐lived effector (TSLEC) are imprinted in peripheral lymph node interfollicular regions, due to CXCR3 migration. In contrast, stem‐like memory cell (TSCM) differentiation is determined in the T cell paracortex. Here, we detail the inflammatory and chemokine regulators of spatially restricted T cell differentiation, with a focus on how to promote TSCM. We propose a default pathway for TSCM differentiation due to CCR7‐directed segregation of precursors away from the inflammatory effector niche. Although volumetric imaging has revealed the consequences of intranodal migration, we still lack knowledge of how this is orchestrated within a complex chemokine environment. Toward this goal, we highlight the potential of combining microfluidic chambers with pre‐determined complexity and subcellular resolution microscopy.
Racial and ethnic differences in the improvement in daily activities during a nursing home stay
Authors: Mathuba Warona , Deer Rachel , Downer Brian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundImproving independence in daily activities is an important outcome of postacute nursing home care. We investigated racial and ethnic differences in the improvement in activities of daily living (ADL) during a skilled nursing facility (SNF) stay among Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries with a hip fracture, joint replacement, or stroke.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of Medicare beneficiaries admitted to a SNF between 01/01/2013 and 9/30/2015. The final sample included 428,788 beneficiaries admitted to a SNF within 3 days of hospital discharge for a hip fracture (n = 118,790), joint replacement (n = 245,845), or stroke (n = 64,153). Data from residents' first and last Minimum Data Set were used to calculate ADL total scores for self‐performance in dressing, personal hygiene, toileting, locomotion on the unit, transferring, bed mobility, and eating. Residents were dichotomized according to having had any improvement in the ADL total score. Multivariable logistic regression models that included a random intercept for the facility were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios for any improvement in ADL function among black and Hispanic residents compared to white residents.ResultsA total of 299,931 residents (69.9%) had any improvement in ADL function. Black residents (OR:0.94; 95% CI: 0.91–0.98) but not Hispanic residents (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.94–1.03) had significantly lower odds to have any improvement in ADL function. Analyses stratified by the reason for prior hospitalization indicated that black residents discharged for hip fracture (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.80–0.93) and stroke (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.83–0.93), but not joint replacement (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.97–1.06) had significantly lower odds for any ADL improvement compared to white residents.ConclusionsOur findings are evidence for racial disparities in the improvement in ADL function during a SNF stay. Future research should investigate systemic factors that may contribute to disparities in the improvement in ADL function during a SNF stay.
The Lexical Basis of Second Language Reading Comprehension: From (Sub)Lexical Knowledge to Processing Efficiency
Authors: Alshehri Mona G. , Zhang Dongbo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study compared how distinct lexical competences, including lexical knowledge as well as processing skills at both word/lexical and sublexical/morphological levels, collectively and relatively predict reading comprehension in adult learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). The participants were 220 Arabic‐speaking EFL learners in a Saudi university. A battery of paper‐ and computer‐based tests was administered to measure the participants’ lexical competences, reading comprehension ability, and working memory. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that over and above working memory, both lexical and sublexical knowledge were significant and unique predictors of reading comprehension, and sublexical processing efficiency, as opposed to lexical processing efficiency, predicted reading comprehension significantly. In addition, among the measured lexical competences, lexical knowledge was the strongest predictor, and the two knowledge variables collectively had a far greater influence on reading comprehension than did the two processing efficiency variables. These findings are discussed in light of the lexical basis of text comprehension.
Metabolically healthy obesity is associated with increased risk of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: A cohort study of Chinese elderly males
Authors: Chen Weinan , Man Sailimai , Wang Bo , Kadeerhan Gaohaer , Huang Xiaobo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesObesity and metabolic status are both modifiable risk factors of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). However, the association between metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and LUTS/BPH is largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the risk of LUTS/BPH among different metabolic syndrome‐body mass index (MetS‐BMI) phenotypes in a cohort of Chinese males.MethodsA total of 3321 males from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) without history of LUTS/BPH at baseline were included into the analyses. Participants were categorized into six mutually exclusive groups according to presence or absence of MetS combined with BMI status: metabolically healthy normal weight/overweight/obesity (MHN/MHOW/MHO) and metabolically unhealthy normal weight/overweight/obesity (MUN/MUOW/MUO). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI of LUTS/BPH across MetS‐BMI categories were estimated with multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 394 (11.86%) participants developed LUTS/BPH during the follow‐up. After adjusting for age, educational level, smoking status, drinking status, and BMI change, the multivariable‐adjusted OR (95% CI) for incident LUTS/BPH comparing MUO, MHO, MUOW, MHOW, and MUN with MHN were 1.99 (1.23‐3.22), 2.04 (1.14‐3.66), 1.61 (1.11‐2.34), 1.45 (1.02‐2.05), and 0.91 (0.54‐1.56), respectively.ConclusionsMHO and MHOW were risk populations of LUTS/BPH, suggesting that overweight and obesity can independently contribute to LUTS/BPH, even among metabolically healthy individuals. These findings emphasize metabolically healthy individuals may still benefit from maintaining normal body weight to prevent LUTS/BPH. Our findings also support that those recommendations for LUTS/BPH should highlight the importance of maintaining metabolic health across all BMI groups among Chinese males.
Intestinal complications are common in patients with acquired diaphragmatic hernia after pediatric living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Seda Neto João , M. Costa Carolina , Fonseca Eduardo A. , Vincenzi Rodrigo , Pugliese Renata , Rocha João Ivo X. , Roda Karina , Benavidez Marcel R. , Oliveira Caio Márcio V. , Pereira Fabio Payão , Assis André Moreira , Feier Flavia H. , Chapchap Paulo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcquired diaphragmatic hernia (DH) following liver transplantation (LT) is usually considered a surgical emergency. Interplay of contributing elements determines its occurrence but, in children, LT with partial liver grafts seems to be the most important causative factor.MethodsThis retrospective study describes the clinical scenario and outcomes of 11 patients with acquired DH following LDLT.ResultsDuring the study period, 1109 primary pediatric LDLT were performed (0.8% DH). The median age and BW of the recipients with DH at transplantation were 17 months and 11.1 kg, respectively; 63.7% of the cases had a weight/age Z‐score of less than −2 at transplantation. The median interval between transplantation and diagnosis of DH was 114 days (32–538 days). A total of 6 (54.5%) of the patients had bowel obstruction due to bowel migration into the hemithorax. Ten defects were right‐sided. Three patients required enterectomy and enterorrhaphy. Two patients required a new bilioenteric anastomosis, and one of them had complete necrosis of the Roux‐in‐Y limb. The patient with left‐side DH presented gastroesophageal perforation.ConclusionMost defects necessitate primary closure as the first treatment, and recurrence is rare. The associated problems encountered, especially related to intestinal complications, can determine increased morbidity following DH repair. Early diagnosis and intervention are required for achieving better outcomes.
Use of narrative methods in rehabilitation and palliative care in Scandinavian countries: A scoping review
Authors: Roikjær Stine Gundtoft , Gärtner Henriette Søby , Timm Helle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough narratives—including an ill person's life story, life situation and future perspectives—seem to lie at the core of rehabilitation and palliative care in Scandinavian countries, we lack a scope of how, when and where narrative methods are used. Such a scope could provide knowledge and inspiration on a practical as well as a policy level. The objective of this study is to explore the literature on the use of systematic, narrative methods in rehabilitative and palliative care for people with life‐threatening illness in Scandinavian countries.MethodWe conducted a scoping review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) where applicable. We performed a systematic search in CINAHL, Medline, PsychInfo, SOCIndex and SveMed+using the search terms ‘life threatening illness’, ‘narratives’, ‘rehabilitation’, ‘palliative care’ and ‘Scandinavia’, followed by a search for grey literature. We found 42 records to be eligible for this scope and extracted the data via piloted extraction tables.ResultsWe identified 17 narrative methods and present findings concerning four themes: (1) a record of the narrative methods used; (2) an objective and theoretical framework for the narrative methods; (3) the content and form of the narrative methods; and (4) the significance of the narrative methods used.ConclusionNarrative methods are used in systematic ways in rehabilitation and palliative care in Scandinavian countries and cover a wide variety of objectives, theoretical frames, forms and outcomes. Further development may benefit from more elaboration on definitions and the relationships between objectives, theoretical frameworks and outcomes.
The spatial and temporal dynamics of voter preference determinants in four U.S. presidential elections (2008–2020)
Authors: Li Ziqi , Fotheringham A. Stewart 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolitical and social processes that shape people's voting preferences might be linked to geographical location, varying from place to place, and operating at local, regional, and national scales. Here, we use a local modeling technique, multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR), to examine spatial and temporal variations in the influences of county‐level socio‐economic factors on voter preference during the 2008–2020 U.S. presidential elections. We argue that the local intercept in the MGWR model is an indicator of the effect of spatial context on voter preference and not only can this be separated from the effect of other socio‐economic factors, but it needs to be in order to prevent misspecification bias in the indicators of these other factors. We also identify strong and consistent divisions across the country in how context shapes election results.
High‐pressure sprayed siRNAs influence the efficiency but not the profile of transitive silencing
Authors: Uslu Veli Vural , Dalakouras Athanasios , Steffens Victor A. , Krczal Gabi , Wassenegger Michael 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYIn plants, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are a quintessential class of RNA interference (RNAi)‐inducing molecules produced by the endonucleolytic cleavage of double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). In order to ensure robust RNAi, siRNAs are amplified through a positive feedback mechanism called transitivity. Transitivity relies on RNA‐DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE 6 (RDR6)‐mediated dsRNA synthesis using siRNA‐targeted RNA. The newly synthesized dsRNA is subsequently cleaved into secondary siRNAs by DICER‐LIKE (DCL) endonucleases. Just like primary siRNAs, secondary siRNAs are also loaded into ARGONAUTE proteins (AGOs) to form an RNA‐induced silencing complex reinforcing the cleavage of the target RNA. Although the molecular players underlying transitivity are well established, the mode of action of transitivity remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the influence of primary target sites on transgene silencing and transitivity using the green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐expressing Nicotiana benthamiana 16C line, high‐pressure spraying protocol, and synthetic 22‐nucleotide (nt) long siRNAs. We found that the 22‐nt siRNA targeting the 3ʹ of the GFP transgene was less efficient in inducing silencing when compared with the siRNAs targeting the 5ʹ and middle region of the GFP. Moreover, sRNA sequencing of locally silenced leaves showed that the amount but not the profile of secondary RNAs is shaped by the occupancy of the primary siRNA triggers on the target RNA. Our findings suggest that RDR6‐mediated dsRNA synthesis is not primed by primary siRNAs and that dsRNA synthesis appears to be generally initiated at the 3ʹ‐end of the target RNA.
Perceptions of the South African 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Birth to 5 Years: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Draper Catherine E. , Silubonde Takana M. , Mukoma Gudani , van Sluijs Esther M.F. 
Published: December 2021

Background: South Africa launched 24-hour movement guidelines for birth to 5 years in 2018. Perceptions of these guidelines were assessed as part of the dissemination process with community-based organizations in 2019. Methods: Fifteen dissemination workshops were held with community-based organization representatives and a range of stakeholders. Discussions were held with workshop attendees (n = 281) to obtain qualitative feedback on the guidelines and workshop. Six follow-up focus groups (n = 28) were conducted to obtain additional feedback on the guidelines and their dissemination. Discussions and focus groups were thematically analyzed. Results: Participants recognized the importance of the guidelines for the health and development of young South African children. Participants’ perceptions of the guidelines were consistently positive. The participants acknowledged the alignment of the guidelines with other South African programs and initiatives, and that they addressed gaps. Screen time and sleep were identified as the behaviors needing particular attention among young South African children. The negative impact of COVID-19 on young children’s movement behaviors was acknowledged, especially regarding screen time. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence of stakeholders’ positive perceptions of the South African guidelines and support the dissemination and implementation of these guidelines for the promotion of early childhood health and development in South Africa.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hyponatraemia associated with oral water intake in adults: a systematic review
Authors: Rangan Gopala K , Dorani Nilofar , Zhang Miranda M , Abu-Zarour Lara , Lau Ho Ching , Munt Alexandra , Chandra Ashley N , Saravanabavan Sayanthooran , Rangan Anna , Zhang Jennifer Q J , Howell Martin , Wong Annette TY 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionExcessive water intake is rarely associated with life-threatening hyponatraemia. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hyponatraemia associated with excess water intake.MethodsThis review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. All studies (case reports, observational or interventional studies) reporting excess water intake and hyponatraemia in adults (1946–2019) were included.ResultsA total of 2970 articles were identified and 177 were included (88.7% case reports), consisting of 590 patients. The mean age was 46±16 years (95% CI 44 to 48 years), 47% female, 52% had a chronic psychiatric disorder and 31% had no underlying condition. The median volume of water consumed and serum sodium at presentation was 8 L/day (95% CI 8.9 to 12.2 L/day) and 118 mmol/L (95% CI 116 to 118 mmol/L), respectively. The motivator for increased water consumption was psychogenic polydipsia (55%); iatrogenic (13%); exercise (12%); habitual/dipsogenic polydipsia (7%) and other reasons (13%). The clinical features on presentation were severe in 53% (seizures, coma); moderate in 35% (confusion, vomiting, agitation) and mild in 5% (dizziness, lethargy, cognitive deficit) and not reported in 5% of studies. Treatment was supportive in 41% of studies (fluid restriction, treatment of the underlying cause, emergency care), and isotonic and hypertonic saline was used in 18% and 28% of cases, respectively. Treatment-related complications included osmotic demyelination (3%) and rhabdomyolysis (7%), and death occurred in 13% of cases.ConclusionWater intoxication is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and requires daily intake to substantially exceed population-based recommendations. The limitations of this analysis are the low quality and high risk of bias of the included studies.PROSPERO registration numberA pre-existing protocol in the international prospective register of systematic reviews was updated to incorporate any new amendments and reregistered athttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO(registration no. CRD42019129809).
Association of long-term exposure to PM2.5with hypertension prevalence and blood pressure in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Song Jiali , Gao Yan , Hu Shuang , Medda Emanuela , Tang Guigang , Zhang Di , Zhang Wenbo , Li Xi , Li Jing , Renzi Matteo , Stazi Maria Antonietta , Zheng Xin 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveEvidence of the effects of long-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on hypertension and blood pressure is limited for populations exposed to high levels of PM2.5. We aim to assess associations of long-term exposure to PM2.5with hypertension prevalence and blood pressure, and further explore the subpopulation differences and effect modification by participant characteristics in these associations in China.MethodsWe analysed cross-sectional data from 883 827 participants aged 35–75 years in the China Patient-Centred Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Million Persons Project. Data from the monitoring station were used to estimate the 1-year average concentration of PM2.5. The associations of PM2.5exposure with hypertension prevalence and blood pressure were investigated by generalised linear models, with PM2.5included as either linear or spline functions.ResultsThe 1-year PM2.5exposure of the study population ranged from 8.8 to 93.8 µg/m3(mean 49.2 µg/m3). The adjusted OR of hypertension prevalence related to a 10 μg/m3increase in 1-year PM2.5exposure was 1.04 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.05). Each 10 μg/m3increment in PM2.5exposure was associated with increases of 0.19 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.28) and 0.13 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.08 to 0.18) in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. The concentration–response curves for hypertension prevalence and systolic blood pressure showed steeper slopes at higher PM2.5levels; while the curve for diastolic blood pressure was U-shaped. The elderly, men, non-current smokers and obese participants were more susceptible to the exposure of PM2.5.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to PM2.5is associated with higher blood pressure and increased risk of hypertension prevalence. The effects of PM2.5on hypertension prevalence become more pronounced at higher PM2.5levels. These findings emphasise the need to reduce air pollution, especially in areas with severe air pollution.