bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro, In vivo and In situ, Effect of Mancozeb 80 WP on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc., Causative Agent of Anthracnose of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Chad and Cameroon
Authors: Patrice Ngoh Dooh Jules , Placide Deurnaye , Madjerembe Abdoul , Rony Mbou T. Pavel , Gabriel Djongnang , Ulrich Boydoul F. , Bouba Djile , Zachee Ambang 
Published: March 2021

Aims: The aim of this work was to evaluate effect of Mancozeb 80 WP against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the agent responsible of anthracnose of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.).
Study Design: The experimental design was in completely randomized blocks with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed in Laboratory of Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maroua during six months. Field trial was carried out in Kelo, Chad during three months.
Methodology: Isolates were obtained from diseased organs (leaves and fruits) from Kélo in Chad and Maroua in Cameroon. The concentrations used in the laboratory were C1 (5 mg/ml), C2 (0.5 mg/ml), C3 (0.05 mg/ml), C4 (0.005 mg/ml), C5 (0.0 mg/ml). Radial growth, sporulation, conidial germination and pathogenicity were used to characterize and evaluate the effect of Mancozeb on the isolates in vitro. The preventive test was performed on three-month-old plants previously treated with Mancozeb. The concentration of 5 g/l was applied to the field and the incidence and severity were used to calculate the AUIPC (Area Under Disease Incidence Progress Curve) and AUSiPC (Area Under Disease Severity Index Progress Curve) curves.
Results: Mancozeb reduced radial growth of all isolates at concentrations C1 (5 mg/ml), C2 (0.5 mg/ml) and C3 (0.05 mg/ml). The percentages of inhibition ranged from 50 to 100%. Mancozeb 80 WP completely (100%) inhibited the germination of C. gloeosporioides conidia in vitro. Mancozeb has protected cashew plants in vivo at the concentration C1 (5 mg/ml). AUIPC and AUSiPC were higher on control plants and lower on Mancozeb-treated plants.
Conclusion: Mancozeb 80 WP may be associated in integrated pest management strategy against anthracnose.
A New Approach to the Laparoscopic Double Stapling Technique: Exploration and Reinforcement of Weak Points
Authors: Kimura Masahiro , Kuwabara Yoshiyuki , Mitsui Akira , Nagasaki Takaya , Nakaya Seiichi 
Published: March 2021

Background: Anastomotic leakage is a serious complication in colorectal surgery, often associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Even with advances in medical technology and devices, the rates of anastomotic leakage is not on downward trend. We describe our experimental and clinical validation of our method to overcome the weakness of the double stapling technique, especially the intersecting staple lines.
Methods: Experimentally, we conducted double stapled anastomosis with pig small intestines. In order to verify pressure resistance, the anastomosis was tested and compared with that formed by a conventional stapler and a reinforced cartridge preattached to a Neoveil sheet. Additionally, during the anastomosis performed by the circular stapler, both ends of the Neoveil sheet were grasped by forceps, and the Neoveil sheet was pulled tight to fit the anastomotic surface. The burst pressure of the anastomosis was recorded. Clinically, we used a reinforced cartridge for rectal surgery performing a low anterior resection and verified its efficacy and safety.
Results: Unlike a conventional stapler, our methods with the use of a reinforced cartridge showed no leakage from the intersecting staple lines. Clinically, our method has been used for 20 patients without complications, including leakage and bleeding.
Conclusion: The addition of reinforcing material to the linear stapler should lead to increased strength of the anastomosis. We believe that a double stapling anastomosis that uses our method for the intersection lines provides increased safety and security and thereby should lead to a reduced rate of suture failure after rectal resection.
Moderate Aerobic Exercise May Reduce Metabolic Syndrome Induced Testicular Oxidative Stress and Deterioration in Sperm Parameters
Authors: Karaman Muhammed Emre , Arslan Cengiz , Gürsu Mehmet Ferit , Güngör Halil Ibrahim , Arkali Gözde , Yüce Abdurraif , Türk Gaffari 
Published: March 2021

Aims: Studies on testicular oxidative stress, sperm density, motility and morphology of exercise applications in the case of metabolic syndrome is limited. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise applications on sperm parameters and testicular oxidative stress parameters in metabolic syndrome induced rats.
Study Design: Controlled Trial.
Place and Duration of Study: Firat University Experimental Research Center, Elazığ/Turkey.
Methodology: A total of 24 male Wistar-Albino rats were used in the study. For inducing the metabolic syndrome, 30% fructose solution was prepared fresh every day and administered ad-libitum through the drinking water of the animals. The rats were divided into 4 groups (G1: Control, G2: Metabolic Syndrome, G3: Metabolic Syndrome + Aerobic Ex., G4: Metabolic Syndrome + Anaerobic Ex.). Exercise practices continued 3 days in a week for 6 weeks.
Results: Sperm concentrations of G2 and G4 were statistically significantly lower than the control group. The abnormality percentage of G4 was statistically significantly higher than the other groups in terms of head abnormality and total abnormality. MDA level of G2 was statistically significantly higher than the other groups, while GSHpx and catalase levels were low.
Conclusion: It can be said that metabolic syndrome may cause oxidative damage in testicular tissue and deterioration in sperm parameters. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise reduces the deterioration in sperm parameters by creating a protective response against oxidative damage.
Chlorophyll-a Concentration Assessment Using Remotely Sensed Data over Multiple Years along the Coasts of the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Fathelrahman Eihab M. , Hussein Khalid A. , Paramban Safwan , Green Timothy R. , Vandenberg Bruce C. 
Published: March 2021

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) recently witnessed algal/phytoplankton blooms attributed to the high concentrations of Chlorophyll-a associated with the spread and accumulation of a wide range of organisms with toxic effects that influence ecological and fishing economic activities and water desalination along coastal areas. This research explores the UAE coasts as a case study for the framework presented here. In this research, we argue that advances in satellite remote sensing and imaging of spatial and temporal data offer sufficient information to find the best-fit regression method and relationship between Chlorophyll-a concentration and a set of climatic and biological explanatory variables over time. Three functional forms of regression models were tested and analysed to reveal that the Log-Linear Model found to be the best fit providing the most statistically robust model compared to the Linear and the Generalised Least Square models. Besides, it is useful to identify the factors Sea Surface temperature, Calcite Concentration, Instantaneous Photosynthetically Available Radiation, Normalized Fluorescence Line Height, and Wind Speed that significantly influence Chlorophyll-a concentration. Research results can be beneficial to aid decision-makers in building a best-fit statistical system and models of algal blooms in the study area. The study found results to be sensitive to the study’s temporal time-period length and the explanatory variables selected for the analysis.
Echolocation activity of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, shows seasonal artificial reef attraction despite elevated noise levels close to oil and gas platforms
Authors: Clausen Karin Tubbert , Teilmann Jonas , Wisniewska Danuta M. , Balle Jeppe Dalgaard , Delefosse Matthieu , van Beest Floris M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Harbour porpoises frequently alter their behaviour in response to underwater sound from shipping, seismic surveys, drilling and marine renewables. Less well understood is the response of porpoises to sounds emitted from oil and gas (O&G) platforms during routine operations.
The responses are not easily predicted as platforms can act simultaneously and to varying degree as a source of disturbance through noise and attraction through an artificial reef effect with increased prey abundance and diversity.
To investigate the presence and feeding behaviour of harbour porpoises around platforms, autonomous acoustic loggers were placed for up to 2 years, at 21 stations 0–25.6 km from the largest platform in the Danish North Sea.
Harbour porpoises were detected at all distances year round in two distinct seasonal activity patterns. During July–January, porpoises were attracted to the platform as indicated by high foraging activity within 800 m of the platform. Echolocation activity levels were up to twofold higher than those observed at 3.2–9.6 km from the platform.
Similar high echolocation activity was observed 200 m from neighbouring offshore installations located within 15 km, regardless of their size, during May–July.
This study shows that porpoises may be attracted to offshore O&G platforms despite confirmed elevated underwater noise and are likely exploiting higher prey abundance in the vicinity of such structures. This is possibly due to increased prey availability created by the combined effect of the artificial reef formed by the underwater structure and the local protected area around all platforms where fishery is banned.
Hard substrate and untouched seabed are rare and valuable habitats to many organisms in heavily trawled waters like the North Sea, and the ecological importance of these structures should be considered in the development of decommissioning strategies.
Social isolation during COVID‐19 lockdown impairs cognitive function
Authors: Ingram Joanne , Hand Christopher J. , Maciejewski Greg 
Published: March 2021

SummaryStudies examining the effect of social isolation on cognitive function typically involve older adults and/or specialist groups (e.g., expeditions). We considered the effects of COVID‐19‐induced social isolation on cognitive function within a representative sample of the general population. We additionally considered how participants ‘shielding’ due to underlying health complications, or living alone, performed. We predicted that performance would be poorest under strictest, most‐isolating conditions. At five timepoints over 13 weeks, participants (N = 342; aged 18–72 years) completed online tasks measuring attention, memory, decision‐making, time‐estimation, and learning. Participants indicated their mood as ‘lockdown’ was eased. Performance typically improved as opportunities for social contact increased. Interactions between participant sub‐groups and timepoint demonstrated that performance was shaped by individuals' social isolation levels. Social isolation is linked to cognitive decline in the absence of ageing covariates. The impact of social isolation on cognitive function should be considered when implementing prolonged pandemic‐related restrictive conditions.
Neutrophil and Nanoparticles Delivery to Tumor: Is It Going to Carry That Weight?
Authors: Vishnevskiy Daniil A. , Garanina Anastasiia S. , Chernysheva Anastasia A. , Chekhonin Vladimir P. , Naumenko Victor A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe application of cell carriers for transporting nanodrugs to the tumor draws much attention as the alternative to the passive drug delivery. In this concept, the neutrophil (NΦ) is of special interest as this cell is able to uptake nanoparticles (NPs) and cross the vascular barrier in response to tumor signaling. There is a growing body of literature describing NP–NΦ interactions in vitro and in vivo that demonstrates the opportunity of using these cells to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. However, a number of conceptual and technical issues need to be resolved for translating the technology into clinics. The current review summarizes the recent advances and challenges associated with NP–NΦ interactions, with the special focus on the complex interplay between the NP internalization pathways and the modulation of NΦ activity, and its potential consequences for nanodrug delivery.
Engineering Nanostructure–Interface of Photoanode Materials Toward Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Tang Rui , Zhou Shujie , Zhang Zhenyu , Zheng Rongkun , Huang Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation based on semiconductor materials plays an important role in the production of clean fuel and value‐added chemicals. Nanostructure–interface engineering has proven to be an effective way to construct highly efficient PEC water oxidation photoanodes with good light capture, carrier transport, and water oxidation kinetics. However, from theoretical and application perspectives, the relationship between the nanostructure and interface of photoanode materials and their PEC performance remains unclear. In this review, the PEC water oxidation reaction mechanism and evaluation criteria are briefly presented. The theoretical basis and research status of the nanostructure–interface engineering on constructing high‐performance PEC water oxidation photoanodes are summarized and discussed. Finally, the current challenges and the future opportunities of nanostructure–interface engineering for the PEC reactions are pointed out.
Resonant Plasmon‐Enhanced Absorption of Charge Transfer Complexes in a Metal–Organic Monolayer
Authors: Krichevsky Denis M. , Tolbin Alexander Yu. , Dubinina Tatiana V. , Kosolobov Sergey S. , Krasovskii Vitally I. , Tomilova Larisa G. , Pushkarev Victor E. , Zasedatelev Anton V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlasmonic enhancement of absorption in charge‐transfer (CT) complexes formed under NO2 gas adsorption onto 2D hybrid structure, based on the metal–organic monolayer and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), is demonstrated. By using Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of low‐symmetry zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) molecules, the metal–organic monolayer is fabricated with greatly suppressed intermolecular aggregation. Oxidation of the monolayer through coordination of NO2 molecules with axial zinc ions of ZnPc molecules gives rise to the specific absorption band inherited to cation radical ZnPc+. The hybrid AuNPs–ZnPc structure is engineered to maximize exciton–plasmon interaction of CT complexes at the radical form of the metal–organic monolayer. Excellent spectral and spatial overlaps with plasmon resonance boost absorption of CT internal optical transition, so‐called “fingerprint” band, by a factor of six from 0.45% to 2.8% in total. The approach paves the way for efficient plasmonic control over photochemical reactions promoted by charge‐transfer complexes in metal–organic films. In particular, the plasmonic effect is harnessed to improve NO2 gas sensing properties; the experimental study shows a 15‐fold increase of the detection efficiency in the specific band of CT complexes under the gas exposure.
Targeted RNA N6‐Methyladenosine Demethylation Controls Cell Fate Transition in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Chen Xuena , Zhao Qingquan , Zhao Yu‐Li , Chai Guo‐Shi , Cheng Weisheng , Zhao Zhiju , Wang Jia , Luo Guan‐Zheng , Cao Nan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeficiency of the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase complex results in global reduction of m6A abundance and defective cell development in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, it's unclear whether regional m6A methylation affects cell fate decisions due to the inability to modulate individual m6A modification in ESCs with precise temporal control. Here, a targeted RNA m6A erasure (TRME) system is developed to achieve site‐specific demethylation of RNAs in human ESCs (hESCs). TRME, in which a stably transfected, doxycycline‐inducible dCas13a is fused to the catalytic domain of ALKBH5, can precisely and reversibly demethylate the targeted m6A site of mRNA and increase mRNA stability with limited off‐target effects. It is further demonstrated that temporal m6A erasure on a single site of SOX2 is sufficient to control the differentiation of hESCs. This study provides a versatile toolbox to reveal the function of individual m6A modification in hESCs, enabling cell fate control studies at the epitranscriptional level.
Phase Change Random Access Memory for Neuro‐Inspired Computing
Authors: Wang Qiang , Niu Gang , Ren Wei , Wang Ruobing , Chen Xiaogang , Li Xi , Ye Zuo‐Guang , Xie Ya‐Hong , Song Sannian , Song Zhitang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeuro‐inspired computing using emerging memristors plays an increasingly significant role for the realization of artificial intelligence and thus has attracted widespread interest in the era of big data. Thanks to the maturity of technology and the superiority of device performance, phase change random access memory (PCRAM) is a promising candidate for both nonvolatile memories and neuro‐inspired computing. Recently many efforts have been carried out to achieve the biological behavior using PCRAM and to clarify the related working mechanism. In order to further improve device performances, it is helpful and urgent to summarize and discuss the PCRAM solution for neuro‐inspired computing. In this paper, fundamentals, principles, recent progresses, existing challenges, and mainstream solutions are reviewed, and a brief outlook is highlighted and introduced, with the expectation to expound future directions.
R‐MACLO‐IVAM regimen followed by maintenance therapy induces durable remissions in untreated mantle cell lymphoma ‐ Long term follow up results
Authors: Alderuccio Juan P. , Saul Eduardo E. , Iyer Sunil G. , Reis Isildinha M. , Alencar Alvaro J. , Rosenblatt Joseph D. , Lossos Izidore S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present long‐term combined results of two clinical trials implementing R‐MACLO‐IVAM induction followed by thalidomide or rituximab maintenance in 44 patients with untreated mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The first 22 patients (UM‐MCL1 ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00450801) received maintenance with thalidomide (200 mg daily until relapse/intolerable toxicity) and a subsequent cohort of 22 patients (UM‐MCL2 ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00878254) received rituximab (375 mg/m2 IV weekly × 4, repeated every 6 months for 3 years). Considering all 44 patients, 41 (93.2%) achieved complete response (CR), two (4.5%) partial response (PR), and one (2.3%) was not evaluated for response. With a median follow up of 7.2 years (range < 1 month to 16 years), the 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) was 55.6% (95% CI: 38.9%‐69.4%) and median PFS 7.9 years (95% CI: 3.7–11 years). The 5‐year OS was 83.3% (95% CI: 68.1%‐91.7%) and median OS was not reached. Patients with blastic variant (n = 6) had a 5‐year PFS and OS of 20.8% and 60%, respectively. Myelosuppression was the most common adverse event during immunochemotherapy. Long‐term treatment‐related mortality was 6.8%. Note, R‐MACLO‐IVAM followed by maintenance therapy is an effective regimen to induce long‐term remission in MCL without need for consolidation with ASCT.
Use of endpoints in multiple myeloma randomized controlled trials over the last 15 years: A systematic review
Authors: Mohyuddin Ghulam Rehman , Koehn Kelly , Abdallah Al‐Ola , W. Sborov Douglas , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kumar Shaji , McClune Brian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSurrogate endpoints are being used more frequently in randomized controlled trials, even though they do not consistently corelate with patient outcomes. We systemically evaluated the use of surrogate endpoints in multiple myeloma randomized controlled trials over the past 15 years. We searched three databases (Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane) for multiple myeloma randomized controlled trials from January 1, 2005 to December 30, 2019. The primary outcome of our study was the proportion of randomized controlled trials that used overall survival as their primary endpoint. Secondary outcomes included the use of surrogate endpoints, and trends over time, and whether they differed based on study sponsorship. We included 151 randomized controlled trials in our analysis. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) in 17 (11.3%) of studies, progression free survival (PFS) or event‐defined endpoints in 91 studies (60.3%) and response‐based endpoints in 44 studies (29.1%). Quality of life was a primary endpoint in only three studies (2%). The use of OS as a primary endpoint decreased from 28.5% of trials from 2005 to 2009 to 5.5% from 2015 to 2019. There has been a decrease in the clinically meaningful endpoint of OS over the past 15 years in multiple myeloma randomized controlled trials. Use of quality of life as a primary endpoint remains exceedingly low. It remains paramount to recognize that the use of surrogate endpoints is imperfect, and care based upon them requires constant physician and patient re‐analysis.
Prediction of a clinically effective dose of THY1773, a novel V1Breceptor antagonist, based on preclinical data
Authors: Inatani Shoko , Mizuno‐Yasuhira Akiko , Kamiya Makoto , Nishino Izumi , Sabia Helene D. , Endo Hiromi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTHY1773 is a novel arginine vasopressin 1B (V1B) receptor antagonist that is under development as an oral drug for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Here we report our strategy to predict a clinically effective dose of THY1773 for MDD in the preclinical stage, and discuss the important insights gained by retrospective analysis of prediction accuracy. To predict human pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, several extrapolation methods from animal or in vitro data to humans were investigated. The fu correction intercept method and two‐species‐based allometry were used to extrapolate clearance from rats and dogs to humans. The physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK)/receptor occupancy (RO) model was developed by linking free plasma concentration with pituitary V1B RO by the Emax model. As a result, the predicted clinically effective dose of THY1773 associated with 50% V1B RO was low enough (10 mg/day, or at maximum 110 mg/day) to warrant entering phase 1 clinical trials. In the phase 1 single ascending dose study, TS‐121 capsule (active ingredient: THY1773) showed favorable PKs for THY1773 as expected, and in the separately conducted phase 1 RO study using positron emission tomography, the observed pituitary V1B RO was comparable to our prediction. Retrospective analysis of the prediction accuracy suggested that the prediction methods considering plasma protein binding, and avoiding having to apply unknown scaling factors obtained in animals to humans, would lead to better prediction. Selecting mechanism‐based methods with reasonable assumptions would be critical for the successful prediction of a clinically effective dose in the preclinical stage of drug development.