bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecticidal activity of crude extracts of three spices and commercial botanical pesticide on oriental fruit fly under laboratory conditions
Authors: Ugwu Juliana Amaka , Alabi Olajumoke Yemisi , Aluko Olawale Julius 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The uses of botanical pesticides in pest management are currently on remarkable increase due to their efficacy, biodegradability, environment-friendly, and availability. Ethanol extracts of three spices (Piper guineense, Aframomum melegueta, Zingiber officinale) and commercial botanical pesticide AzaSol (6% azadirachtin) were assessed for contact toxicity, residual effects, and for their potential in soil application against pupariating larvae of oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) in the laboratory at ambient temperature of 27 ± 2 °C and relative humidity of 75–80%. The extracts and AzaSol were applied at 1:1.5 w/v concentration while cypermethrin was introduced as standard check and applied at 5 ml/liter of water.

Results
All the treatments were very effective against B. dorsalis in contact toxicity and residual affects recording 89.4–100% larval mortality at 24 h post-application. Z. officinale and cypermethrin had similar contact and residual effects on B. dorsalis, both recording 100% larval mortality at 24 h post-exposure. Piper guineense showed higher residual effects than contact effects, while A. melegueta and AzaSol showed better contact effects than residual effects against B. dorsalis larvae. AzaSol was the most effective among the botanicals in reducing the adult emergence and in enhancing larval mortality (96.7%) on treated soil followed by Piper guineense (83.3%). The efficacy of AzaSol on the treated soil was comparable to cypermethrin. All the extracts were significantly more effective than control in enhancing pupariating larvae mortality and in reducing adult emergence on treated soil.

Conclusion
Ethanol extracts of P. guineense and A. melegueta were highly promising against B. dorsalis on treated soil and could be adopted in soil application targeting puparia under the tree canopies as part of integrated pest management of B. dorsalis in orchards.
QSAR, molecular docking studies, ligand-based design and pharmacokinetic analysis on Maternal Embryonic Leucine Zipper Kinase (MELK) inhibitors as potential anti-triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 cell line) drug compounds
Authors: Lawal Hadiza Abdulrahman , Uzairu Adamu , Uba Sani 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Cancer of the breast is known to be among the top spreading diseases on the globe. Triple-negative breast cancer is painstaking the most destructive type of mammary tumor because it spreads faster to other parts of the body, with high chances of early relapse and mortality. This research would aim at utilizing computational methods like quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR), performing molecular docking studies and again to further design new effective molecules using the QSAR model parameters and to analyze the pharmacokinetics “drug-likeliness” properties of the new compounds before they could proceed to pre-clinical trials.

Results
The QSAR model of the derivatives was highly robust as it also conforms to the least minimum requirement for QSAR model from the statistical assessments of (R2) = 0.6715, (R2adj) = 0.61920, (Q2) = 0.5460 and (R2pred) of 0.5304, and the model parameters (AATS6i and VR1_Dze) were used in designing new derivative compounds with higher potency. The molecular docking studies between the derivative compounds and Maternal Embryonic Leucine Zipper Kinase (MELK) protein target revealed that ligand 2, 9 and 17 had the highest binding affinities of − 9.3, − 9.3 and − 8.9 kcal/mol which was found to be higher than the standard drug adriamycin with − 7.8 kcal/mol. The pharmacokinetics analysis carried out on the newly designed compounds revealed that all the compounds passed the drug-likeness test and also the Lipinski rule of five.

Conclusions
The results obtained from the QSAR mathematical model of parthenolide derivatives were used in designing new derivatives compounds that were more effective and potent. The molecular docking result of parthenolide derivatives showed that compounds 2, 9 and 17 had higher docking scores than the standard drug adriamycin. The compounds would serve as the most promising inhibitors (MELK). Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics analysis carried out on the newly designed compounds revealed that all the compounds passed the drug-likeness test (ADME and other physicochemical properties) and they also adhered to the Lipinski rule of five. This gives a great breakthrough in medicine in finding the cure to triple-negative breast cancer (MBA-MD-231 cell line).
Microbiota populations in supragingival plaque, subgingival plaque, and saliva habitats of adult dogs
Authors: Oba Patrícia M. , Carroll Meredith Q. , Alexander Celeste , Valentine Helen , Somrak Amy J. , Keating Stephanie C. J. , Sage Adrianna M. , Swanson Kelly S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral diseases are common in dogs, with microbiota playing a prominent role in the disease process. Oral cavity habitats harbor unique microbiota populations that have relevance to health and disease. Despite their importance, the canine oral cavity microbial habitats have been poorly studied. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize the oral microbiota of different habitats of dogs and (2) correlate oral health scores with bacterial taxa and identify what sites may be good options for understanding the role of microbiota in oral diseases. We used next-generation sequencing to characterize the salivary (SAL), subgingival (SUB), and supragingival (SUP) microbial habitats of 26 healthy adult female Beagle dogs (4.0 ± 1.2 year old) and identify taxa associated with periodontal disease indices.ResultsBacterial species richness was highest for SAL, moderate for SUB, and lowest for SUP samples (p < 0.001). Unweighted and weighted principal coordinates plots showed clustering by habitat, with SAL and SUP samples being the most different from one another. Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Spirochaetes were the predominant phyla in all habitats.Paludibacter,Filifactor, Peptostreptococcus, Fusibacter, Anaerovorax, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Desulfomicrobium, andTG5were enriched in SUB samples, whileActinomyces,Corynebacterium,Leucobacter,Euzebya,Capnocytophaga,Bergeyella,Lautropia, Lampropedia, Desulfobulbus, Enhydrobacter, andMoraxellawere enriched in SUP samples.Prevotella, SHD-231, Helcococcus, Treponema, andAcholeplasmawere enriched in SAL samples.p-75-a5,Arcobacter, andPasteurella were diminished in SUB samples.Porphyromonas,Peptococcus,Parvimonas, andCampylobacterwere diminished in SUP samples, whileTannerella,Proteocalla,Schwartzia, andNeisseriawere diminished in SAL samples. Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga,Leptotrichia, andNeisseriawere associated with higher oral health scores (worsened health) in plaque samples.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the differences that exist among canine salivary, subgingival plaque and supragingival plaque habitats. Salivary samples do not require sedation and are easy to collect, but do not accurately represent the plaque populations that are most important to oral disease. PlaqueActinomyces,Corynebacterium,Capnocytophaga,Leptotrichia, andNeisseriawere associated with higher (worse) oral health scores. Future studies analyzing samples from progressive disease stages are needed to validate these results and understand the role of bacteria in periodontal disease development.
Self-organized optimal packing of kinesin-5-driven microtubule asters scales with cell size
Authors: Khetan Neha , Pruliere Gérard , Hebras Celine , Chenevert Janet , Athale Chaitanya A. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTRadial microtubule (MT) arrays or asters determine cell geometry in animal cells. Multiple asters interacting with motors, such as those in syncytia, form intracellular patterns, but the mechanical principles behind this are not clear. Here, we report that oocytes of the marine ascidian Phallusia mammillata treated with the drug BI-D1870 spontaneously form cytoplasmic MT asters, or cytasters. These asters form steady state segregation patterns in a shell just under the membrane. Cytaster centers tessellate the oocyte cytoplasm, that is divide it into polygonal structures, dominated by hexagons, in a kinesin-5-dependent manner, while inter-aster MTs form ‘mini-spindles’. A computational model of multiple asters interacting with kinesin-5 can reproduce both tessellation patterns and mini-spindles in a manner specific to the number of MTs per aster, MT lengths and kinesin-5 density. Simulations predict that the hexagonal tessellation patterns scale with increasing cell size, when the packing fraction of asters in cells is ∼1.6. This self-organized in vivo tessellation by cytasters is comparable to the ‘circle packing problem’, suggesting that there is an intrinsic mechanical pattern-forming module that is potentially relevant to understanding the role of collective mechanics of cytoskeletal elements in embryogenesis.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The varying openness of digital open science tools
Authors: Bezuidenhout Louise , Havemann Johanna 
Published: May 2021

Background: Digital tools that support open science practices play a key role in the seamless accumulation, archiving and dissemination of scholarly data, outcomes and conclusions. Despite their integration into open science practices, the providence and design of these digital tools are rarely explicitly scrutinized. This means that influential factors, such as the funding models of the parent organizations, their geographic location, and the dependency on digital infrastructures are rarely considered. Suggestions from literature and anecdotal evidence already draw attention to the impact of these factors, and raise the question of whether the open science ecosystem can realise the aspiration to become a truly “unlimited digital commons” in its current structure. Methods: In an online research approach, we compiled and analysed the geolocation, terms and conditions as well as funding models of 242 digital tools increasingly being used by researchers in various disciplines. Results: Our findings indicate that design decisions and restrictions are biased towards researchers in North American and European scholarly communities. In order to make the future open science ecosystem inclusive and operable for researchers in all world regions including Africa, Latin America, Asia and Oceania, those should be actively included in design decision processes. Conclusions: Digital open science tools carry the promise of enabling collaboration across disciplines, world regions and language groups through responsive design. We therefore encourage long term funding mechanisms and ethnically as well as culturally inclusive approaches serving local prerequisites and conditions to tool design and construction allowing a globally connected digital research infrastructure to evolve in a regionally balanced manner.
SARS‐CoV‐2 Seroprevalence Among Healthcare Workers by Workplace Exposure Risk in Kashmir, India
Authors: Khan Muhammad Salim , Haq Inaamul , Qurieshi Mariya Amin , Majid Sabhiya , Bhat Arif Akbar , Qazi Tanzeela Bashir , Chowdri Iqra Nisar , Sabah Iram , Kawoosa Misbah Ferooz , Lone Abdul Aziz , Nabi Shahroz , Sumji Ishtiyaq Ahmad , Obaid Muhammad , Kousar Rafiya 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUNDSARS‐CoV‐2 infection (COVID‐19) poses a tremendous challenge to healthcare systems across the globe. Serologic testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in healthcare workers (HCWs) may quantify the rate of clinically significant exposure in an institutional setting and identify those HCWs who are at greatest risk.METHODSWe conducted a survey and SARS‐CoV‐2 serologic testing among a convenience sample of HCWs from 79 non‐COVID and 3 dedicated COVID hospitals in District Srinagar of Kashmir, India. In addition to testing for the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2–specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), we collected information on demographics, occupational group, influenza‐like illness (ILI) symptoms, nasopharyngeal reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) testing status, history of close unprotected contacts, and quarantine/travel history.RESULTSOf 7,346 eligible HCWs, 2,915 (39.7%) participated in the study. The overall prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2–specific IgG antibodies was 2.5% (95% CI, 2.0%‐3.1%), while HCWs who had ever worked at a dedicated COVID‐19 hospital had a substantially lower seroprevalence of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.2%‐1.9%). Higher seroprevalence rates were observed among HCWs who reported a recent ILI (12.2%), a positive RT‐PCR (27.6%), a history of being put under quarantine (4.9%), and a history of close unprotected contact with a person with COVID‐19 (4.4%). Healthcare workers who ever worked at a dedicated COVID‐19 hospital had a lower multivariate‐adjusted risk of seropositivity (odds ratio, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.06‐0.66).CONCLUSIONSOur investigation suggests that infection‐control practices, including a compliance‐maximizing buddy system, are valuable and effective in preventing infection within a high‐risk clinical setting. Universal masking, mandatory testing of patients, and residential dormitories for HCWs at COVID‐19–dedicated hospitals is an effective multifaceted approach to infection control. Moreover, given that many infections among HCWs are community‐acquired, it is likely that the vigilant practices in these hospitals will have spillover effects, creating ingrained behaviors that will continue outside the hospital setting.
Dokumenty pergaminowe miasteczka Niżankowice w zasobie Archiwum Państwowego w Przemyślu
Authors: Grin-Piszczek Ewa 
Published: May 2021

Parchment Documents of the Town of Niżankowice in the Resources of the State Archives in Przemyśl
The article discusses the parchment documents related to the town of Niżankowice, and stored in the State Archives in Przemyśl. The first preserved mention of their storage in the municipal archives in Niżankowice comes from 1889. In 1913, these documents were transferred by judge Józef Tarnawski to the collection of the Archives of the Society of Friends of Science in Przemyśl. After the Society was shut down, the Niżankowice parchments became part of the resources of the State Archives in Przemyśl in 1952. Currently, they are stored in the Archives as the collection no. 875 in The collection of paper and parchment documents. The article is supplemented by a catalogue containing descriptins of 15 parchment documents ofthe town of Niżankowice.
Testamenty mieszkańców Lwowa z czasów epidemii pierwszej ćwierci XVII wieku
Authors: Winnyczenko Oksana 
Published: May 2021

The Lviv Citizens’ Testaments during the 17th-century Plagues
The article deals with the testaments written by the inhabitants of Lviv during the plague epidemics in 1602, 1623 and 1625. The acts of last will that emerged during an extraordinary period required special permission and alleviation of the procedure. When the city was haunted by the plague, its frightened population, together with the local officials, left it to escape the infection. These circumstances made some legal procedures in the composition of the testaments more complicated: the local officials who were responsible for providing thi stype of legal services delayed a visit to make a will or refused to come because of the fear or self-infection. Therefore, already sick or still healthy residents of Lviv and its suburbs were forced to express their last will in the presence of not all officials or casual witnesses who agreed to listen and record their last wills. As a result of such non-professional compilation, the testaments which emerged in the plague periods contain many unique details upon the history of daily life in the city during the epidemic. The texts also shed some light on personal perception of the epidemic by some Lviv residents and officials, their preventive actions, and relationships between family members during this rough time. These testaments also reveal the tragic pages of the last hours of plague-infected people who died outside of Lviv at anapiary, near windmills, or in plague camps far from their families and homes. Such acts of last will also show misunderstandings by the testators who divided property in extreme conditions assuming that the whole family might die, and it would not be inherited by anyone. On the contrary, in the case of the death of all members of a family, the testators asked to transfer their property for praying for the souls of the dead. The last option was also practiced among childless testators. In general, the testament texts of the epidemic periods were not written in a high style. Mainly, they contain a declaration of the essential orders concerning debt, property, the salvation of the soul, and the burial of the body, although there were some exceptions.
Las w życiu codziennym Lasowiaków i Poleszuków
Authors: Wodzińska Izabela 
Published: May 2021

Forest in the Everyday Life of Lasowiacy and Poleszucy. Selected Issues
The article attempts to compare the role of the forest in the everyday life of the inhabitants of the former Sandomierz Primeval Forest (Lasowiacy) and Polesie (Poleszucy/Poleshuks).The study has used the findings of the research conducted by the Museum of Folk Culture in Kolbuszowa in 2008-2014 and 2016-2017, the materials from the Museum’s scientific archives, and information from sources and ethnographic and historical studies on the subject. The obtained material was compared with the information on the use of forest crops by the inhabitants of Easter Polesie from the ethnographic studies by Kazimierz Moszyński and Czesław Pietkiewicz (available as digital resources). Attempts were made to show that the similarity between these groups was evident in the method of harvesting forest crops, meal preparation, and folk medicine. Life in the Sandomierz Primeval Forest and Polesie developeda sense of their own cultural distinctness in Lasowiacy and Poleszucy, expressed in many aspects of everyday life, the richness of customs and annual rituals.
The impacts of and outcomes from telehealth delivered in prisons: A systematic review
Authors: Tian Esther Jie , Venugopalan Sooraj , Kumar Saravana , Beard Matthew 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundWhile the delivery of healthcare services within prison systems is underpinned by different models, access to timely and optimal healthcare is often constrained by multifaceted factors. Telehealth has been used as an alternative approach to conventional care. To date, much of the focus has been on evaluation of telehealth interventions within certain geographical contexts such as rural and remote communities. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the evidence base to date for the impacts of, and outcomes from, telehealth delivered in prisons.MethodsThis systematic review was underpinned by best practice in the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews. A systematic search was conducted to reinforce the literature selection process. The modified McMaster Critical Appraisal Tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. A narrative synthesis of the study outcomes was undertaken.ResultsTwenty-nine quantitative studies were included. Telehealth interventions were greatly varied in terms of types of healthcare services, implementation process and intervention parameters. Methodological concerns such as rigour in data collection and analysis, and psychometric properties of outcome measures were commonly identified.Process-related outcomesandtelehealth outcomeswere the two overarching categories identified.ConclusionThis systematic review provides mixed evidence on the impact of, and outcomes from, telehealth in prisons. While the evidence base does highlight some positive impacts of telehealth, which at the least, is as effective as conventional care while achieving patient satisfaction, it is also important to consider the local context and drivers that may influence what, when and how telehealth services are provided. Addressing critical factors throughout the lifecycle of telehealth is equally important for successful implementation and sustainability.
Effect of exercise training on heart rate variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Picard Mathilde , Tauveron Igor , Magdasy Salwan , Benichou Thomas , Bagheri Reza , Ugbolue Ukadike C. , Navel Valentin , Dutheil Frédéric 
Published: May 2021

Background
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), that can be measured through heart rate variability (HRV)–known to be decreased in T2DM. Physical exercise can improve HRV in healthy population, however results are under debate in T2DM. We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of physical exercise on HRV in T2DM patients.

Method
PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases were searched for all studies reporting HRV parameters in T2DM patients before and after exercise training, until September 20th 2020, without limitation to specific years. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis stratified by type of exercise for each of the HRV parameters: RR–intervals (or Normal to Normal intervals–NN), standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN), percentage of adjacent NN intervals varying by more than 50 milliseconds (pNN50), root mean square of successive RR-intervals differences (RMSSD), total power, Low Frequency (LF), High Frequency (HF) and LF/HF ratio. Sensitivity analyses were computed on studies with the highest quality.

Results
We included 21 studies (9 were randomized) for a total of 523 T2DM patients: 472 had an exercise training and 151 were controls (no exercise). Intervention was endurance (14 studies), resistance (2 studies), endurance combined with resistance (4 studies), and high intensity interval training (HIIT) (4 studies). After exercise training, all HRV parameters improved i.e. an increase in SDNN (effect size = 0.59, 95%CI 0.26 to 0.93), RMSSD (0.62, 0.28 to 0.95), pNN50 (0.62, 0.23 to 1.00), HF (0.58, -0.16 to 0.99), and a decrease in LF (-0.37, -0.69 to -0.05) and LF/HF (-0.52, -0.79 to -0.24). There were no changes in controls. Stratification by type of exercise showed an improvement in most HRV parameters (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, LF, HF, LF/HF) after endurance training, whereas mostly LF/HF was improved after both resistance training and HIIT. Supervised training improved most HRV parameters. Duration and frequency of training did not influence the benefits on HRV.

Conclusion
Exercise training improved HRV parameters in T2DM patients which may reflect an improvement in the activity of the autonomic nervous system. The level of proof is the highest for endurance training. Supervised training seemed beneficial.