bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient uncertainty quantification for Monte Carlo dose calculations using importance (re-)weighting
Authors: Stammer P , Burigo L , Jäkel O , Frank M , Wahl N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective. To present an efficient uncertainty quantification method for range and set-up errors in Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculations. Further, we show that uncertainty induced by interplay and other dynamic influences may be approximated using suitable error correlation models. Approach. We introduce an importance (re-)weighting method in MC history scoring to concurrently construct estimates for error scenarios, the expected dose and its variance from a single set of MC simulated particle histories. The approach relies on a multivariate Gaussian input and uncertainty model, which assigns probabilities to the initial phase space sample, enabling the use of different correlation models. Through modification of the phase space parameterization, accuracy can be traded between that of the uncertainty or the nominal dose estimate. Main results. The method was implemented using the MC code TOPAS and validated for proton intensity-modulated particle therapy (IMPT) with reference scenario estimates. We achieve accurate results for set-up uncertainties (γ
2 mm/2% ≥ 99.01% (E[
d
]), γ
2 mm/2% ≥ 98.04% (σ(
d
))) and expectedly lower but still sufficient agreement for range uncertainties, which are approximated with uncertainty over the energy distribution. Here pass rates of 99.39% (E[
d
])/ 93.70% (σ(
d
)) (range errors) and 99.86% (E[
d
])/ 96.64% (σ(
d
)) (range and set-up errors) can be achieved. Initial evaluations on a water phantom, a prostate and a liver case from the public CORT dataset show that the CPU time decreases by more than an order of magnitude. Significance. The high precision and conformity of IMPT comes at the cost of susceptibility to treatment uncertainties in particle range and patient set-up. Yet, dose uncertainty quantification and mitigation, which is usually based on sampled error scenarios, becomes challenging when computing the dose with computationally expensive but accurate MC simulations. As the results indicate, the proposed method could reduce computational effort while also facilitating the use of high-dimensional uncertainty models.
Dependence of mechanical and electrical properties on crystal orientation of CuCr0.95Mg0.05O2 ceramics
Authors: Van Hoang Dung , Tuan Thanh Pham Anh , Huu Nguyen Truong , Cao Truong Dai , Kim Pham Ngoc , Kieu Thi Ta Hanh , Bao Nguyen Le Thu , Cao Tran Vinh , Bach Phan Thang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Mg-doped CuCrO2 material has emerged as a p-type semiconductor, especially, in the field of thermoelectric materials because of its lowest resistivity in delafossite material family. In this work, CuCr0.95Mg0.05O2 bulk materials were prepared in a series of sintering temperatures including 1000, 1200, and 1400°C using solid-state reaction method. From XRD results, all samples exhibit the significant existence of delafossite phase CuCrO2, and a small portion belongs to the spinel phase MgCr2O4. An interesting finding in this study is that the Vickers hardness is mainly governed by the crystallite size of (110) plane. Besides, the change in the crystallite size of (110) plane also indirectly affects the carrier concentration of the compounds with increasing sintering temperature. The highest power factor (PF) was reached for the sample prepared at the sintering temperature 1400°C with the value of 193 μW/mK2 along with the Seebeck coefficient value of 600 μV/K measured at 400°C.
Surface Temperature Distribution of Aluminum Fins Heated using Thermoelectric
Authors: Triqadafi A O , Zafirah T N , Kusuma F J , Sakti S P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The thermoelectric device has advantages for heating and cooling element. The thermoelectric can be used easily as a heater. In applications for small volumes, the temperature distribution of the heating element is necessary to ensure that different samples at different locations receive the same heat treatment. This experiment shows an aluminum fin’s temperature distribution heated using different heat amount. TEC-12706 was used to heat an aluminum fin with a dimension of 40×40×20 mm. The aluminum was placed in an chamber made using a 3D printer with a material of ABS. The surface temperature distribution of the aluminum fin was measured using a thermal camera Fluke-Ti20S. The measurement data showed that the fin’s surface temperature is not the same at all points at the surface, especially the center and the edge. During the heating process, the temperature at the aluminum fin’s center has a higher temperature than the fin’s edge. The lower the duty cycle used, the better the temperature distribution on the heatsink. For 50% duty cycle or more, the temperature variation in the middle with a square dimension of 20×20 mm has a temperature variation of less than 1°C. Therefore, if the temperature distribution between points is important, it is recommended to use an aluminum fin around the center.
Investigation of Cu2ZnSnS4film by Simple Flow-Coating Technique
Authors: Khotummee Nattee , Sumphao Theerawut , Seetawan Tosawat 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis present study aims to investigate a Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) film obtained by simple flow-coating technique using with CZTS precursor solution synthesized by non-vacuum sol-gel process and annealing without sulfurization. The precursor solution was prepared by mixture CuCl2, ZnCl2SnCl2and CH4N2S molar to obtain the ion of Cu, Zn, Sn and S. The CZTS film was investigated by using XRD, FE-SEM, and UV-Visible Spectroscopy, respectively. The XRD results show main peak at the angle 28.48° according with (112) plane on the kieserite phase of tetragonal structure, crystallite size average about ∽ 103.137 ± 0.9788 nm. The surface morphology was observing microscopic porosity structure of the particles and cross-section achieve a film thickness of approximately 32.92 ± 0.62 μm. The EDX result was revealed that whereas the composition nonuniformity from the simple flow-coating process. The optical properties show band gap energy quite close to the optimum value ∼ 1.518 eV, good optical absorption (∼105cm−1). These characteristics make the simple fabrication CZTS film suitable material as an absorber layer in photovoltaic.
P-Ca3Co4O9/n-Zn0.98Al0.02O module for high temperature thermoelectric generator
Authors: Pilasuta Panida , Paengson Supasit , Singsoog Kunchit , Seetawan Tosawat 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The thermoelectric generators can generate electrical power from different temperatures of the top and bottom side thermoelectric modules or devices using n - and p - types thermoelectric materials. We synthesized the p-type Ca3Co4O9 and n-type Zn0.98Al0.02O thermoelectric materials by solid-state reaction (SSR) and hot-pressing (HP) methods then measured thermoelectric properties such as Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity. The thermoelectric module of π-shape was fabricated 2 pair p-n junction then measured the electrical voltage, power, and efficiency. It was found that we obtained the single phase of Ca3Co4O9 and Zn0.98Al0.02O thermoelectric materials. The thermopower of Ca3Co4O9 and Zn0.98Al0.02O thermoelectric materials are measured by using steady-state method at hot side 976 K. The electricity of thermoelectric cells was increased with increasing temperature difference from 28–603 K. The thermoelectric cells p-n junction 2 pairs generated a maximum voltage about 93.04 mV, power 8 mW and efficiency of 0.23 % at temperature difference of 735 K (hot side 976 K). So, the thermoelectric module has been feasible to fabricate thermoelectric generators and developed a method for fabrication of high stability modules.
New solar elevation angle measuring instrument
Authors: Chen Bowen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper will introduce a new instrument to measure solar elevation angle. This instrument has advantages of simple structure, cheap price and convenient use, and can easily overcome the influence of ground inclination angle on the measurement, which other instruments measuring solar elevation angel fail to realize. It is portable, can quickly and accurately measure the solar elevation and can be used on uneven ground in the open. The theory of the instrument is simple. It is the application of the Newtonian mechanics, as well as geometry. This paper will introduce general structure and use method of the instrument, carry on brief principle analysis and use manual model of this instrument to measure solar elevation at different ground inclination angles within about one minute. And it is found that all the readings are basically the same. Finally, solar elevation of the afternoon is measured by the instrument model, and the sunset time is predicted. The prediction result is only 13 minutes later than theoretical time, which shows that the measurement is accurate.
Principles and Characteristics of Quantum Computing
Authors: Liu Dianhao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of science and technology, people tend to have a higher demand for computing. Classical computers can no longer meet part of the computing needs, so quantum information systems have gained more and more attention. Quantum computers have good parallelism, fast information processing speed, large amount of information storage, and performance in many fields far surpasses classical computers. In this article, the author introduces coherent superposition and part of quantum gates and quantum algorithms meanwhile compares classical computers with quantum computers in many aspects. The advantages and disadvantages of quantum computers in principle are also drawn out. Finally, the author proposes future prospects for quantum computers prediction.
Review of Development on Convolution Neural Network Based Structural Health Monitoring on Bridges
Authors: Kondo Gen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has been a rising interest in civil, mechanical and aerospace research. Bridge health monitoring system is able to issue early warning on damages as well as appraising the durability and reliability on bridges. Bridges are exposed to several damages such as wind, overloading and earthquakes, to ensure its structural integrity and avoid costly repairs on late stage deterioration, utilizing Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in SHM on complex structures becomes more essential to bridge SHM systems in order to assess structural damage. With the increasing number of studies on integrating convolutional neural network (CNN) in SHM on the bridge. This paper aims to provide a review on the development of CNN based SHM on bridges with a case study.
Laboratory studies of the graupel nuclei formation and the processes of their further growth in a liquid droplet medium
Authors: Khuchunaev B M , Khuchunaev A B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The article presents a set of equipment for studying the growth of graupel nuclei and the growth of graupel particles. It was established in the work that the growth parameters as mass, the rate of mass growth have extreme values from –5 °C to –12 °C. It was found that at the initial stage of hail formation, two growth modes are observed: first, the growth of ice particles occurs due to the diffusion of water vapor; second, the growth of ice particles occurs as a result of crystal aggregation. The calculated values of the density of ice formed during the diffusion of water vapor vary from 0.9 to 0.97 g/cm3, in the second case from 0.2 to 0.6 g/cm3. A significant increase in the growth rate of hail occurs during the translational-rotational movement of the air flow in the wind tunnel. The article shows that with an increase in water content, the growth rate of hailstones increases. When the water content reaches approximately one gram per cubic meter there is a sharp decrease in the growth rate. With a further increase in the water content, the growth rate increases. The sharp decrease in the growth rate is most likely due to the fact that at a water level of about one gram per cubic meter, the nuclei are saturated with moisture and the ice density increases, and this leads to a decrease in the rate of hail growth.
Atmospheric electrical effects during a strong explosive eruption of Bezymyanniy volcano (Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia) on December 20, 2017
Authors: Firstov P P , Akbashev R R , Malkin E I , Cherneva N V , Druzhin G I 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A set of parameters of various geophysical methods is considered, which made it possible to quite clearly represent the mechanism of the explosive eruption of Bezymyanny volcano on January 20, 2017. The explosion began according to the «soft» scenario, which was reflected both in the seismic method and in the thunderstorm activity of the eruptive cloud (EC). The transition to Plinian activity was accompanied by the generation of an infrasonic signal and an increase in lightning discharges in the EC. The two-tiered EC was well traced in the potential gradient response in atmospheric electric field. The combination of various geophysical methods provides a detailed understanding of the mechanism of explosive eruptions and contributes to a better understanding of the physics of the explosive process on volcanoes.
Dual-wavelength radar studies of hail clouds
Authors: Inyukhin V S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The report deals with the study of hail clouds using the MRL-5 meteorological radar. The determination of the microphysical parameters of hail clouds is carried out using the dual-wavelength radar method for λ = 3.2 and 10 cm.
It is known that the radar reflectivity of precipitation depends on many factors, but the results of calculations and their comparison with experimental data showed that the radar reflectivity of a population of hail particles is mainly determined by their cubic mean size (

d
¯

3

) and concentration (N). For the case of two wavelengths, there is a system of equations that relate the radar reflectivity to the cubic mean size and the concentration of hail in the cloud (when parameterizing the remaining characteristics). In other words, for each thermodynamic regime of hail growth and melting, there will be a different set of coefficients of the system of equations. The report calculates the microstructure parameters for a real hail cloud.
Implementation of the trigger mechanism in hydrometeorological and other environmental processes exposed to cosmic rays
Authors: Erofeev V Ya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The analysis of multiyear readings of the TiNi sensor and variations of atmospheric parameters over the same time period is presented. The detected regularities reveal a common external factor acting simultaneously on several heterogeneous environmental components independent from each other. Under certain local environmental conditions and the parameters of the acting factor, the interaction becomes resonant, which leads to the synchronization of changes in the parameters of heterogeneous components. The observed synchronism is a type of resonance arising due to the convergence of vibration frequencies of the acting factor particles and vibrations of the particles forming the components of the environment.
Forecast of thunderstorm with increasing advance time
Authors: Kagermazov A Kh , Sozaeva L T 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A method for assessing the hail hazard of the atmospheric situation according to the output data of the global atmospheric model (GFS NCEP) with increasing lead time is proposed. The method is implemented on the basis of multivariate discriminant analysis. The evaluation of the success of the method is carried out and the preservation of its predictive potential is shown for a lead time of up to five days.
Movements of hail cells on the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in 2017
Authors: Liev K B , Kushchev S A , Inuhin V S , Anischenko E A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of the movement of powerful convective hail cells over the territory of the central part of the North Caucasus. The authors reviewed the studies carried out earlier in this area and analysed the results of the obtained works. The disadvantages of the previous studies are: use of materials, hail observations, meteorological stations and posts, and the fact they do not show the spatial distribution of hail cloud movements; for meteorological analysis, stations located up to 1000 m above sea level were used, which does not give us a complete picture of hail hazard. Now it is possible to study powerful convective clouds with the help of radar, which completely covers the territory of the study regardless of the inaccessibility. Also the software was used, which made it possible to create a database of radar characteristics of hail clouds.
Methodological approach to the problem of increasing precipitation in specific physical and geographical regions of Russia by affecting cloud cover
Authors: Doronin A P , Kozlova N A , Petrochenko V M , Timoshchuk A S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The article presents a methodological approach to the problem of increasing precipitation in a specific physical and geographical area of the country by modifying clouds of various shapes in order to cause artificial and intensify natural precipitation. The implementation of this approach is carried out in the work on the example of the central region of the European territory of Russia (Moscow).
Analysis of climate change in Terskol over the last 60 years
Authors: Tashilova A A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In connection with the ongoing climatic changes, the tasks of monitoring the climate of the high-mountainous zone of the Caucasus are of particular importance. Climatological studies in this work are based on the material of long-term meteorological observations from 1961 to 2020. according to the Terskol weather station. Correlation analysis showed the spatial homogeneity of temperature changes in Terskol and weather stations of all climatic zones of southern Russia, in contrast to the regional precipitation regime with a small scale of coherence (up to 200 km). In the modern period (1991-2020), the change in average temperatures in comparison with climatic norms (1961-1990) is not confirmed by statistical estimates, with the exception of the summer season. Over the 60-year period, from 1961 to 2020, there was a statistically significant increase in average summer temperatures by 0.31 °C/10 years (D = 26.8%). At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries a steady increase in winter, spring and annual temperatures is formed, while summer temperatures maintain a positive trend, but statistically insignificant at this time interval. Period from 2006 characterized by the addition of a statistically significant increase in the absolute maximums of all seasonal temperatures, in contrast to the sums and daily maximum precipitation, the decrease in which in the winter season is statistically insignificant, and there are no trends in other seasons. Such a prevailing thermal and precipitation regime in recent decades has become the main component of many factors leading to dangerous slope phenomena, glacier degradation and significant changes in the hydrological regime.
Unique and Transdiagnostic Dimensions of Reward Functioning in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms
Authors: Oddo Lauren E , Acuff Samuel F , Arenson Melanie B , Oshri Assaf , Chronis-Tuscano Andrea , MacKillop James , Murphy James G 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
Contemporary theories of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) emphasize core dysfunctions in reward-related processes and behaviors as pathognomonic characteristics. However, to date, it is unclear which domains of reward functioning are unique to ADHD versus AUD symptom dimensions, and which represent underlying shared correlates.

Methods
The current study employed secondary data analyses from a large community sample of emerging adults (N = 602; 57.3% female) and novel transdiagnostic modeling (i.e. bi-factor confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling) of ADHD, AUD and shared symptom dimensions to identify unique and common reward-related dimensions: environmental suppressors, reward probability, hedonic capacity, proportionate substance-related reinforcement and delay discounting.

Results
The presence of environmental suppressors was the only reward-related construct that correlated with the underlying ADHD-AUD shared dimension. The AUD symptom dimension was uniquely associated with proportionate substance-related reinforcement, whereas the ADHD symptom dimension was uniquely associated with limited reward probability. No significant associations were found for delay discounting or hedonic capacity.

Conclusions
These novel findings highlight specific aspects of reward-related functioning in ADHD, AUD and shared symptom dimensions. In so doing, this work meaningfully advances theoretical conceptualizations of these two commonly co-occurring presentations and suggests future directions for research on transdiagnostic correlates. Future longitudinal studies should include clinical samples with diagnoses of AUD and ADHD to further identify underlying correlates over time.
Is It Time to Reconsider the ‘Gold Standard’ for Nativelikeness in ERP Studies on Grammatical Processing in a Second Language? A Critical Assessment Based on Qualitative Individual Differences
Authors: Freunberger Dominik , Bylund Emanuel , Abrahamsson Niclas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In most event-related potential (ERP) studies on the second language (L2) processing, the native speaker (L1) control group’s grand average ERP pattern serves as the ‘gold standard’ that the L2 group has to reach to be labeled ‘native-like’. This relies on the assumption that the grand average is representative of all or most individuals in a group. Recent research, however, has shown that there can be considerable systematic qualitative variability between individuals even in coherent L1 samples, especially in studies on morphosyntactic processing. We discuss how these qualitative individual differences can undermine previous findings from the gold standard paradigm, and critically assess the main ERP components used as markers for nativelike grammatical processing, namely the left-anterior negativity and the P600. We argue that qualitative variation reflects the dynamics characteristic of nativelike grammatical processing and propose a model for experimental designs that can capture these processing dynamics and, thereby, has the potential to provide a more fine-grained understanding of nativelike attainment in an L2.