bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Data Driven Approach to Assess Complex Colour Profiles in Plant Tissues
Authors: McAtee Peter Andrew , Nardozza Simona , Richardson Annette , Wohlers Mark , Schaffer Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe ability to quantify the colour of fruit is extremely important for a number of applied fields including plant breeding, postharvest assessment, and consumer quality assessment. Fruit and other plant organs display highly complex colour patterning. This complexity makes it challenging to compare and contrast colours in an accurate and time efficient manner. Multiple methodologies exist that attempt to digitally quantify colour in complex images but these either require a priori knowledge to assign colours to a particular bin, or average the colours present within an assayed region into a single colour value. As such, to date there are no published methodologies that assess colour patterning using a data driven approach. Results In this study we present a methodology to acquire and process digital images of biological samples that contain complex colour gradients. The CIE (Commission internationale de l'éclairage / International Commission on Illumination) ΔE2000 formula was used to determine the perceptually unique colours (PUC) within images of fruit containing complex colour gradients. This process, on average, resulted in a 98% reduction in colour values from the number of unique colours (UC) in the original image. This data driven procedure summarised the colour data values while maintaining a linear relationship with the normalised colour complexity contained in the total image. A weighted ΔE2000 distance metric was used to generate a distance matrix and facilitated clustering of summarised colour data.ConclusionsClustering showed that our data driven methodology has the ability to group these complex images into their respective binomial families while maintaining the ability to detect subtle colour differences. This methodology was also able to differentiate closely related images. We provide a high quality set of complex biological images that span the visual spectrum that can be used in future colorimetric research to benchmark method development.
Fuzzy Membership Function Dependent Switched Control for Nonlinear Systems with Memory Sampled-Data Information
Authors: Visakamoorthi B. , Subramanian K. , Palanisamy Muthukumar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a fuzzy memory-based coupling sampled-data control (SDC) is designed for nonlinear systems through the switched approach. Compared with the usual SDC scheme, by employing the Bernoulli sequence, a more general coupling switched SDC that involving the signal transmission delay is designed. The Lyapunov-Krasovskii Functional (LKF) is presented with the available characteristics of the membership function, and a coupling sampling pattern, for the T-S fuzzy systems. Based on LKF, together with time derivative information of membership function, and the generalized N -order free-matrix-based inequality, the suitable conditions are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for guaranteeing the asymptotic stability and stabilization of the concerned system. Then the desired fuzzy coupling SDC gain is attained from the solvable LMIs. In the end, two examples are given to validate the derived theoretical results.
Constrained Abrasive Jet Polishing with a Tangentially Aligned Nozzle Shroud
Authors: Yuan Qiaoling , Chen Xun , Wen Donghui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to improve surface polishing quality and efficiency for hard and brittle components, a novel nozzle with specifically designed shroud was proposed for an abrasive jet polishing process. The removal mechanism of the abrasive jet under such a nozzle was investigated by simulating the jet flow in the interaction area of the nozzle shroud and workpiece. The simulation results show that the speed of the abrasive jet increases greatly by the shroud and the direction of the jet is aligned near parallel to the workpiece surface to minimize impact damage to workpiece surface. The constrained abrasive jet polishing (CAJP) experiments were conducted on the quartz glass component, a typical hard and brittle material, showing that the material removal mainly relied on the shearing and scratching of the workpiece surface rather than the mechanical shock impacts, which is consistent with the simulation findings.
In silico analysis of genes and pathways related to acute myeloid leukemia presenting leukopenia
Authors: Kumar Ajeet , Bhushan Ravi , Dubey Pawan K. , Tilak Vijai , Gupta Vineeta , Kumar Nilesh , Raju S.V.S , Ali Akhtar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of blood cancers that begins from progenitor and hematopoietic stem cell. Chromosomal abnormalities include balanced translocations between two chromosome like t[8;21] and t[15;17]) in malignancies cells. The present study aimed to explore the AML presenting with leukopenia and gene expression changes induced in High-white count B-cell and Low-white count B-cell the total number of samples is ten. The raw gene expression profiles (ID: GSE20482) of bone marrow achieve from AML patient five High-white count B-cell and five Low-white count B-cell were expressed genes used to recognize differentially. These genes that correspond to official gene symbols were select for protein-protein interaction (PPI) and sub-network construction (score > 0.4). The functional annotation of Gene Ontology (GO) and pathways analysis were performed for those genes involve in networking.ResultsThe total number of 846 genes were identified differentially expressed gene and 406 gene were up-regulated another 440 gene were down-regulated. Other 14 genes are interacting with each other significantly identified. Including Hub genes DEGs GNB4, LAMTOR2, ACTN4, HGSNAT, TMED1 are up-regulated while down-regulated DEGs forming hub nodes were UBR4, FBXO30, KLHL21, DCTN6, RNF123, RNF114. AML has a major effect on the expression of genes involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis, cell signaling and modification of protein. AML cells enter the blood quickly and spread to the liver, spleen, and central nervous system. These are total thirteen pathways were enriched and these genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, endocytosis, phagocytosis, shigellosis, epithelial cell signaling in helicobacter, adherent junction, pertussis, bile secretion, malaria, African trypanosomiasis were found significantly affected by AML.ConclusionsHub genes like GNB4 and UBR4 provide as a novel biomarker in AML.
Molecular Characterization of CNTS Mutations in Tunisian Patients with Ocular Cystinosis
Authors: chkioua latifa , Amri Yessine , Saheli Chayma , Mili Wassila , Mabrouk Sameh , Chabchoub Imen , Boudabous Hela , Azzouz Wissem Ben , Turkia Hadhami Ben , Ferchichi Salima , Tebib Neji , Massoud Taieb , Ghorbel Mohamed , Laradi Sandrine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Ocular cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by intralysosomal cystine accumulation in renal, ophthalmic (cornea, conjunctiva), and other organ abnormalities. Patients with ocular cystinosis are mostly asymptomatic and typically experience mild photophobia due to cystine crystals in the cornea observed accidently during a routine ocular examination. The ocular cystinosis is associated with different mutations in CTNS gene. Cysteamine therapy mostly corrects the organ abnormalities. Methods: This study was performed in collaboration with the department of ophthalmology of Farhat Hached Hospital. The Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) of the cornea and retinal photography were used to search cystine crystals within the corneas and conjunctiva in eight Tunisian patients. Screening for the common 57-kb deletion was performed by standard multiplex PCR, followed by direct sequencing of the entire CTNS gene. Results: The studied patients were found to have cystine crystal limited anterior corneal stroma and the conjunctiva associated with retinal crystals accumulation. CTNS gene sequencing disclosed 7 mutations: three missense mutations (G308R, p.Q88K, and p.S139Y); one duplication (C.829dup), one framshift mutation (p.G258f), one splice site mutation (c.681+7delC) and a large deletion (20327-bp deletion). Crystallographic structure analysis suggests that the novel mutation p.S139Y is buried in a first transmembrane helix closed to the lipid bilayer polar region, introducing a difference in hydrophobicity which could affect the hydrophobic interactions with the membrane lipids. The second novel mutation p.Q88K which is located in the lysosomal lumen close to the lipid membrane polar head region, introduced a basic amino acid in a region which tolerate only uncharged residue. The third missense mutation introduces a positive change in nonpolar tail region of the phospholipid bilayer membrane affecting the folding and stability of the protein in the lipid bilayer. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that impaired transport of cystine out of lysosomes is the most common, which is obviously associated with the mutations of transmembrane domains of cystinosine resulting from a total loss of its activity.
Disruption of YCP4 Enhances Freeze-Thaw Tolerance in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Authors: Kim Hyun-Soo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to identify genes related to a freeze-thaw tolerance and to elucidate the tolerance mechanism in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an appropriate eukaryote model. Results In this study, one tolerant strain under exposure to freeze-thaw stress was isolated by screening a transposon-mediated mutant library and the disrupted gene was identified to be YCP4. In addition, this phenotype related to freeze-thaw tolerance was comfirmed by deletion and overexpressing of this corresponding gene. This mutant strain showed a freeze-thaw tolerance by the reduction in the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of the MSN2/4 and STRE-mediated genes such as CTT1 and HSP12. Conclusions Disruption of YCP4 in S. cerevisiae results in increased tolerance to freeze-thaw stress.
Fasting Blood Glucose to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio in Relation to Short-Term Outcomes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Deng Simin , Wang Zhaojun , Zhang Yifeng , Xin Ying , Zeng Cheng , Hu Xinqun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBiochemical markers are crucial for determining risk in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD); however, the association between the fasting blood glucose to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (FG/HDL-C) ratio and short-term outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains unknown. We investigated the association between the FG/HDL-C ratio and 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and cardiovascular (CV) death in patients with ACS.eMethodsWe performed a post-hoc analysis of data from the Acute Coronary Syndrome Quality Improvement in Kerala (ACS-QUIK) study. A total of 11,284 patients with ACS were subdivided into quartiles according to their FG/HDL-C ratios. We used a multivariate logistic regression model, generalized additive model (GAM), and two-piecewise linear regression model to determine the association of the FG/HDL-C ratio with MACEs (death, reinfarction, stroke, and major bleeding) and CV death. ResultsThe FG/HDL-C ratio was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACEs and CV death in patients with ACS in the highest quartile (MACEs, odds ratio [OR]: 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.11, 1.99]; P<0.01; CV death, OR: 1.69; 95% CI, [1.01, 1.41]; P=0.04). The GAM and two-piecewise linear regression model demonstrated that the relationship between the FG/HDL-C ratio and MACEs and CV death was non-linear (non-linear P<0.05); the threshold values were 3.02 and 3.00 for MACEs and CV death, respectively.ConclusionsA higher FG/HDL-C ratio is associated with an increased risk of MACEs and CV death in patients with ACS.
A THz Coupler based on Graphene Patterns with SU-8 Photoresist Dielectric Layer
Authors: Zandi Elham 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Leveraging both method and concept, a novel multi-layer structure based on Graphene patterns and SU-8 photoresist dielectric is proposed at THz frequency range. By considering reflection and transmission channels as outputs, a simple THz coupler is provided. The structure is described exploiting equivalent circuit model while results are verified by full wave simulations. According to simulation results, the proposed device is able to reflect and transmit THz waves with high sensitivity versus gate biasing. The operation involves five bands in entire THz spectrum while the structure behavior can be adjusted by external gate biasing. Such a tunable device is in great demand to realize optical sensors and systems in several fields from indoor communications, security and medical imaging.
The Influence of Dispersion Time On The Mechanical Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Nickel-Aluminium Matrix Composites
Authors: Ayodele Olusoji Oluremi , Awotunde Mary Ajimegoh , Babalola Bukola Joseph , Olubambi Peter Apata 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nickel (Ni) and aluminium (Al) powders were milled with carbon nanotubes (CNT) by employing the high-speed ball milling approach, and the consolidation was achieved by spark plasma sintering technology (SPS). The microstructural evolution of the milled samples and consolidated samples were examined, and the mechanical properties were investigated. The outcome indicated the agglomeration of CNT within the NiAl matrix, and the CNT dispersions improved with the milling duration. The structural integrity of the CNT was evaluated using the Raman analysis which depicted that the ID/IG ratio decreased from 0.986 to 0.867 as the high-speed ball milling was longer, which also depicts more damage to the CNT. The microhardness of the consolidated composite was enhanced from 287.7 HV-320.4 HV due to better dispersion of CNT within the matrix metal. Furthermore, the predicted tensile strength and yield strength of the composite improved from 4011.9 MPa-4428.8 MPa, and from 5747.9 MPa-6389.3 MPa.
Spatial Probabilistic Mapping of Metabolite Ensembles in Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Authors: Sammour Denis Abu , Cairns James , Boskamp Tobias , Kessler Tobias , Guevara Carina Ramallo , Panitz Verena , Sadik Ahmed , Cordes Jonas , Marsching Christian , Friedrich Mirco , Platten Michael , Wolf Ivo , von Deimling Andreas , Opitz Christiane , Wick Wolfgang , Hopf Carsten 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) vows to enable simultaneous spatially-resolved investigation of hundreds of metabolites in tissue sections, but it still relies on poorly defined ion images for data interpretation. Here, we outline moleculaR, a computational framework in R, that introduces systematic probabilistic mapping and point-for-point statistical testing of metabolites in tissue to MSI. Beyond statistics, moleculaR allows for arithmetic operations within the same MS image and thereby, for instance, analysis and visualization of complex scores like the adenylate energy charge ([ATP]+0.5*[ADP])/ ([ATP]+[ADP]+[AMP]). moleculaR also enables collective molecular projections, for example of all potassium versus all sodium adducts for spatially-resolved investigation of ion milieus, or for surveys of lipid pathways or other user-defined biomolecular ensembles.
Graphene Optical Modulators Using Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Kim Myunghwan , Kim Sangin , Kim Soeun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Graphene-based optical modulators have been widely investigated due to the high mobility and tunable permittivity of graphene. However, achieving a high modulation depth with a low insertion loss is challenging owing to low graphene-light interaction. To date, only waveguide-type modulators have been extensively studied to improve light-graphene interaction, and few free-space type modulators have been demonstrated in the optical communication wavelength range. In this study, we propose two graphene-based optical free-space type modulators in a simple silicon photonic crystal structure that supports bound states in the continuum. The designed modulator with an ultra-high quality factor from the bound states in the continuum achieves a high modulation depth (MD = 0.9972) and low insertion loss (IL=0.0034) with a small Fermi level change at the optical communication wavelength. In addition, the proposed modulators support outstanding modulation performance in the normal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene (mobility = 0.5 m2/Vs). We believe the scheme may pave the way for graphene-based optical active devices.
A Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer Nanoplatform for Hypoxia-Responsive Chemo/Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Hao Yingchao , Gao Yue , Fan Yu , Zhang Changchang , Zhan Mengsi , Cao Xueyan , Shi Xiangyang , Guo Rui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Chemodynamic therapy is a promising cancer treatment with specific therapeutic effect at tumor sites, since toxic hydroxyl radical (·OH) could only be generated by Fenton or Fenton-like reaction at the tumor microenvironment (TME) with low pH and high endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, the low concentration of catalytic metal ions, excessive glutathione (GSH) and aggressive hypoxia at tumor site seriously restrict its curative outcomes.Results: In this study, polyethylene glycol-phenylboronic acid (PEG-PBA)-modified generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers were synthesized as a targeted nanocarrier to chelate Cu(II) and then encapsulate hypoxia-sensitive drug tirapazamine (TPZ) by the formation of hydrophobic Cu(II)/TPZ complex for hypoxia-enhanced chemo/chemodynamic therapy. The formed G5.NHAc-PEG-PBA@Cu(II)/TPZ (GPPCT) with good stability could be specifically accumulated at tumors, efficiently taken up by tumor cells overexpressing sialic acid residues, and release Cu(II) ions and TPZ quickly in weakly acidic tumor sites via pH-sensitive dissociation of Cu(II)/TPZ. In vitro and in vivo experiments using murine breast cancer cells (4T1) demonstrated that the GPPCT nanoplatform could efficiently generate toxic ·OH in tumor cells while simultaneously deplete GSH, effectively kill hypoxic tumor cells by activated TPZ radicals, reduce tumor metastasis, and show no significant systemic toxicity.Conclusions: The targeted GPPCT nanoplatform may be developed for the synergistic inhibition of different tumor types by hypoxia-enhanced chemo/chemodynamic therapy.
Leukotriene B 4 Loaded in Microspheres Regulate the Expression of Genes Related to Odontoblastic Differentiation and Biomineralization by Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: Silva Francine Lorencetti , Lamarque Giuliana Campos Chaves , de Oliveira Fernanda Maria Machado Pereira Cabral , Nelson-Filho Paulo , Silva Léa Assed Bezerra , Segato Raquel Assed Bezerra , Faccioli Lúcia Helena , Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent lipid mediator that stimulate the immune response. Because dental pulp inflammation and dentin repair are intrinsically related responses, the aim of this research was to investigate the potential of LTB4 in inducing differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Methods: Microspheres (MS) loaded with LTB4 were prepared using an oil emulsion solvent extraction evaporation process and sterility, characterization, efficiency of LTB4 encapsulation and in vitro LTB4 release assay were investigated. Mouse dental pulp stem cells (OD-21) were stimulated with soluble LTB4 or MS loaded with LTB4 (0.01 and 0.1 μM). Cytotoxicity and cell viability was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MTT (methylthiazol tetrazolium) assays . Gene expression were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) after 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h. Results: Mineralized nodule formation was assessed after 28 days of OD-21 cell stimulation with LTB4. Groups were compared using the one-way ANOVA test followed by Dunnett's post-test (α = 0.05). Treatment with LTB4 or MS loaded with LTB4 (0.01 and 0.1 micrometer- μM) were not cytotoxic to OD-21 cells. Treatment with LTB4 modulated the expression of the Ibsp (integrin binding sialoprotein) and Runx2 (runt-related transcription factor 2) genes differently depending on the experimental period analyzed. Interestingly LTB4 loaded in microspheres (0.1 μM) allowed long term dental pulp cell differentiation and biomineralization. LTB4 loaded in MS was not cytotoxic and induced an odontoblastic cell phenotype differentiation. Conclusion: These findings shed light on a novel pharmacological strategy to induce dental pulp cell differentiation.
Derivation of Spatially Distributed Thermal Comfort Levels in Jordan as Investigated From Remote Sensing, GIS Tools and Computational Methods
Authors: oroud ibrahim M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Thermal comfort is usually calculated using discrete point measurements. This procedure is not suitable to study thermal comfort for inhabited areas with rugged terrains where climate gradient is high. The wide availability of remote sensing data and GIS tools have revolutionized data management, processing and visualization. The present paper implemented digital elevation data, GIS tools and a computational algorithm to generate spatially continuous maps of climatological elements which were employed to derive thermal comfort levels across Jordan. Results show detailed information of the spatial distribution of the degree of thermal comfort in winter and summer across the country which cannot be resolved using discrete point measurements. It is shown that the mountainous areas in the country, where most urban centers are situated, experience “slightly warm” to “warm” indoor apparent temperatures in summer. The Jordan Valley and the desert experience high indoor apparent temperatures in summer. Cold conditions prevail over most parts of the country, with the heating degree days ranging from 2100 in the southern mountains to values close to zero near the Dead Sea area. The presented procedure demonstrated that the very low levels of ambient vapor pressure is an important atmospheric forcing contributing to the widespread cold conditions prevailing over the desert areas in winter. The efficiency of direct evaporative cooling systems to achieve thermal comfort in the various parts of the country is investigated. The procedure presented can be used over regional scales with different levels of spatial resolutions for a wide range of climatological studies.