bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and analysis of a fully passive swinging sail wind turbine
Authors: Hosseinie Radmarz , Roohi Reza , Ahmadi Goodarz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWind energy has been an attractive renewable energy source, and in recent decades, highly efficient horizontal axis wind turbines have been developed and successfully deployed. However, alternative designs for wind energy conversion have also been proposed. In previous studies, a novel swing sail design for wind energy harvesting was proposed and analyzed. This turbine harvests energy by pitching a sail, causing a mast to swing, which in turn drives a flywheel in a rectified rotational motion. The rotating flywheel is then used to drive an electric generator. The designed turbine was originally semiactive, while in the present study, the fully passive version of the turbine was proposed, and its performance was examined. The turbine consists of an oscillating sail attached to a reciprocally moving mast via a torsion spring, and the wind‐driven oscillatory motion is transformed into the rotational motion of a flywheel using a ratchet. Furthermore, a dry‐friction dynamometer was utilized as a simple way of extracting energy. The dynamical equations of the turbine were derived and were used to analyze the time response of the turbine. In the model, the correlations for the aerodynamic lift and drag forces for a flat plate were utilized. The results were validated using the computation fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The effects of various dynamical and geometric parameters of the turbine on the generated power and the turbine performance were also investigated.
Illuminating the Nocturnal Habits of Owls with Emerging Tagging Technologies
Authors: Wood Connor M. , Zulla Ceeanna , Whitmore Sheila , Reid Dana , Kramer H. Anu , Keane John J. , Sawyer Sarah C. , Roberts Kevin N. , Dotters Brian P. , Klinck Holger , Berigan William , Gutiérrez R. J. , Peery M. Zachariah 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTOwls play important cultural, ecological, and indicator roles throughout the world. Yet owls’ cryptic behavior has led to uncertainties about their basic ecology, including foraging, communication, and functional roles within the community, and potentially hindered the implementation of effective conservation measures. Here we demonstrate the potential for next‐generation GPS tags capable of recording high‐precision, minute‐by‐minute locations paired with other technologies to resolve some of these uncertainties. We combined high‐precision GPS tagging data with infrared (IR) video recorded by arboreally‐mounted cameras at 5 spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) nest sites in the Sierra Nevada, USA to provide a uniquely detailed examination of owl foraging patterns. Our approach allowed us to identify the precise time and location of 54 predation events and prey identity. We also used high‐precision GPS tags with on‐board audio recorders to map the vocal activity of 8 individuals by matching the time of vocalizations in the audio data to GPS locations recorded at one‐minute intervals. The combined spatial and acoustic data revealed that nonbreeding males had the most widespread territorial vocal activity (i.e., producing 4‐note territorial calls), while females provisioning fledglings displayed extensive nonterritorial vocal activity (i.e., producing many contact calls). Thus, the GPS‐tag technologies we employed can provide opportunities to better understand owl foraging, communication, territoriality, and population dynamics. The methods we describe are time‐ and resource‐intensive but can be paired with techniques that are more applicable at landscape scales, such as stable isotope analyses, LiDAR‐based habitat analyses, and passive acoustic monitoring to link local processes to broad‐scale ecological patterns. Therefore, our approach could be applied to many species whose behavior inhibits direct observation. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Reflections and powers of multisorted minions
Authors: Lehtonen Erkko , Pöschel Reinhard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClasses of multisorted minions closed under extensions, reflections, and direct powers are considered from a relational point of view. As a generalization of a result of Barto, Opršal, and Pinsker, the closure of a multisorted minion is characterized in terms of constructions on multisorted relation pairs which are invariant for minions.
On free elementary $$\mathbb {Z}_p C_p$$-lattices
Authors: Nebe Gabriele 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe show that all elementary lattices that are free $$\mathbb {Z}_p C_p$$

Z
p

C
p

-modules admit an orthogonal decomposition into a sum of a free unimodular and a p-modular $$\mathbb {Z}_p C_p$$

Z
p

C
p

-lattice.
Das Nationale Gesundheitsportal: Entwicklungs- und Nutzungspotenziale unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der hausärztlichen Perspektive
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das in Deutschland eingerichtete Nationale Gesundheitsportal soll evidenzbasierte Gesundheitsinformationen bereitstellen. Es erscheint sinnvoll, Entwicklungsperspektiven zu reflektieren, um Anwendungshorizonte, Nutzungs- und Wirkungspotenziale des Portals abzuschätzen und Mehrwerte generieren zu können.

Ziel der Arbeit
Unter Berücksichtigung von Implementierungserfahrungen anderer europäischer Länder sollen der Sachstand des Vorhabens sowie die Perspektive von politischen Entscheidungsträger*innen und Hausärzt*innen umrissen werden. Aus der Analyse sollen Empfehlungen abgeleitet werden, welche Ausgestaltung für ein nationales Gesundheitsportal insbesondere mit Blick auf die hausärztliche Versorgung Erfolg versprechend erscheint.

Methoden
Anhand einer Literaturrecherche sowie auf Basis zweier Vorstudien geht der Artikel der Frage nach, in welchen Entwicklungskategorien ein nationales Gesundheitsportal perspektivisch ausgestaltet werden könnte.

Ergebnisse
Auf Basis der Zusammenschau erscheint eine Reihe von Dimensionen ausschlaggebend, entlang derer sich Grundsatzentscheidungen zur Ausrichtung des Nationalen Gesundheitsportals treffen lassen. Diese beziehen sich auf die Einbettung in eine E‑Health-Strategie, Konvergenz- und Integrationsmaßnahmen hinsichtlich evidenzbasierter Informationen, die Sicherstellung von Auffindbarkeit, die inhaltliche Schwerpunktsetzung und Zielgruppenansprache, die funktionelle Ausgestaltung sowie die Trägerschaft und Einbeziehung von Gesundheitsakteuren.

Diskussion
Ein evidenzbasiertes Portal kann ein wertvolles Instrument sein, um Patient*innen besser aufzuklären, das Arzt-Patienten-Verhältnis zu stärken und die Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens voranzutreiben. Bereits während der Initiierungsphase sollten ein Innovations- und Integrationspotenzial sowie eine ausreichende Bekanntheit und Sichtbarkeit innerhalb des Gesundheitswesens sichergestellt werden.
Country-level structural stigma, identity concealment, and day-to-day discrimination as determinants of transgender people’s life satisfaction
Authors: Bränström Richard , Pachankis John E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Discriminatory laws, policies, and population attitudes, surrounding transgender people vary greatly across countries, from equal protection under the law and full acceptance to lack of legal recognition and open bias. The consequences of this substantial between-country variation on transgender people’s health and well-being is poorly understood. We therefore examined the association between structural stigma and transgender people’s life satisfaction across 28 countries.

Methods
Data from transgender participants (n = 6771) in the 2012 EU-LGBT-survey regarding identity concealment, day-to-day discrimination, and life satisfaction were assessed. Structural stigma was measured using publicly available data regarding each country’s discriminatory laws, policies, and population attitudes towards transgender people.

Results
Multilevel models showed that country-level structural stigma was associated with lower life satisfaction, an association largely explained by higher levels of identity concealment in higher-structural-stigma countries. Yet identity concealment was also associated with lower day-to-day discrimination and therefore protected against even lower life satisfaction.

Conclusion
The results emphasize the importance of changing discriminatory legislation and negative population attitudes to improve transgender people’s life satisfaction, and also highlight targets for intervention at interpersonal and individual levels.
Micropolar medium in a funnel-shaped crusher
Authors: Fomicheva Mariia , Vilchevskaya Elena N. , Bessonov Nikolay , Müller Wolfgang H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the solution to a coupled flow problem for a micropolar medium undergoing structural changes is presented. The structural changes occur because of a grinding of the medium in a funnel-shaped crusher. The standard macroscopic equations for mass and linear momentum are solved in combination with a balance equation for the microinertia tensor containing a production term. The constitutive equations of the medium describe a linear viscous material with a viscosity coefficient depending on the characteristic particle moment of inertia, the so-called microinertia. A coupled system of equations is presented and solved numerically in order to determine the distribution of the fields for velocity, pressure, viscosity coefficient, and microinertia in all points of the continuum. The numerical solution to this problem is found by using the implicit finite difference method and the upwind scheme.
Satisfactory patient-reported outcomes at 5 years following primary repair with suture tape augmentation for proximal anterior cruciate ligament tears
Authors: Hopper Graeme P. , Aithie Joanna M. S. , Jenkins Joanne M. , Wilson William T. , Mackay Gordon M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
An enhanced understanding of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) healing and advancements in arthroscopic instrumentation has resulted in a renewed interest in ACL repair. Augmentation of a ligament repair with suture tape reinforces the ligament and acts as a secondary stabilizer. This study assesses the 5-year patient-reported outcomes of primary repair with suture tape augmentation for proximal ACL tears.

Methods
Thirty-seven consecutive patients undergoing ACL repair with suture tape augmentation for an acute proximal rupture were prospectively followed up for a minimum of 5 years. Patients with midsubstance and distal ruptures, poor ACL tissue quality, retracted ACL remnants and multiligament injuries were excluded. Patient-reported outcome measures were collated using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS), Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS-pain), Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12) and the Marx Activity Scale. Patients with a re-rupture were identified.

Results
Three patients were lost to follow-up leaving 34 patients in the final analysis (91.9%). The mean KOOS at 5 years was 88.5 (SD 13.8) which improved significantly from 48.7 (SD 18.3) preoperatively (p < 0.01). The VAS score improved from 2.3 (SD 1.7) to 1.0 (SD 1.5) and the VR-12 score improved from 35.9 (SD 10.3) to 52.4 (SD 5.9) at 5 years (p < 0.01). However, the Marx activity scale decreased from 12.4 (SD 3.4) pre-injury to 7.3 (SD 5.2) at 5 years (p = 0.02). Six patients had a re-rupture (17.6%) and have since undergone a conventional ACL reconstruction for their revision surgery with no issues since then. These patients were found to be younger and have higher initial Marx activity scores than the rest of the cohort (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Primary repair with suture tape augmentation for proximal ACL tears demonstrates satisfactory outcomes in 28 patients (82.4%) at 5-year follow-up. Six patients sustained a re-rupture and have no ongoing problems following treatment with a conventional ACL reconstruction. These patients were significantly younger and had higher initial Marx activity scores.

Level of evidence
Level IV.
Tolerance management during the design of composite structures considering variations in design parameters
Authors: Franz Michael , Schleich Benjamin , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractComposite structures play an important role in realising resource-efficient products. Their high lightweight potential and improved manufacturing technologies lead to an increased use in high-volume products. However, especially during the design and development of high-volume products, the consideration of uncertainties is essential to guarantee the final product quality. In this context, the use of modern lightweight materials, such as fibre reinforced plastics (FRP), leads to new challenges. This is due to their high number of design parameters, which are subject to deviations from their nominal values. Deviating parameters, e.g. ply angles and thicknesses, influence the manufacturing process as well as the structural behaviour of a composite part. To consider the deviating design parameters during the design process, a new tolerance optimisation approach is presented, defining tolerance values for laminate design parameters, while ensuring the functionality of the composite structure. To reduce the computational effort, metamodels are used during this optimisation to replace finite element simulations. The proposed approach is applied to a use case with different key functions to show its applicability and benefits.
Urinary and anal incontinence among female gymnasts and cheerleaders—bother and associated factors. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Skaug Kristina Lindquist , Engh Marie Ellström , Frawley Helena , Bø Kari 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Artistic gymnastics, team gymnastics and cheerleading are sports including high-impact activities. It is presumed that the athletes’ pelvic floor must be functioning well to prevent urinary (UI) and anal incontinence (AI) during sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for UI and AI in female artistic gymnasts, team gymnasts and cheerleaders; the influence of UI and AI on daily living and sport performance; and the athletes’ knowledge about the pelvic floor muscles (PFM).

Methods
All female athletes ≥ 12 years of age competing in ≥ 1 National Championship in artistic gymnastics, team gymnastics or cheerleading in 2018/2019 were invited. International Consensus on Incontinence Questionnaires were used to assess the prevalence/bother of UI and AI.

Results
Among the 319 gymnasts and cheerleaders who participated, the prevalence of UI and AI was 67% and 84%, respectively. Age, training ≥ 4 days/week and straining to void were significantly associated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and years of training with AI. Eighty-three percent of athletes with SUI reported a negative effect on sports performance, 22% would occasionally avoid training or specific exercises because of leakage, and 28% used pads for protection. Forty-one percent of the athletes had never heard about the PFM, and 74% reported an interest in PFM training to prevent/treat UI or AI.

Conclusions
UI and AI were prevalent in female gymnasts and cheerleaders, and SUI negatively influenced sport performance. The athletes’ knowledge about the PFM was limited.
The subset sum game revisited
Authors: Pieterse Astrid , Woeginger Gerhard J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe discuss a game theoretic variant of the subset sum problem, in which two players compete for a common resource represented by a knapsack. Each player owns a private set of items, players pack items alternately, and each player either wants to maximize the total weight of his own items packed into the knapsack or to minimize the total weight of the items of the other player. We show that finding the best packing strategy against a hostile or a selfish adversary is PSPACE-complete, and that against these adversaries the optimal reachable item weight for a player cannot be approximated within any constant factor (unless P=NP). The game becomes easier when the adversary is short-sighted and plays greedily: finding the best packing strategy against a greedy adversary is NP-complete in the weak sense. This variant forms one of the rare examples of pseudo-polynomially solvable problems that have a PTAS, but do not allow an FPTAS (unless P=NP).
Evaluation of prognostic biomarkers in a population-validated Finnish HNSCC patient cohort
Authors: Routila J. , Leivo I. , Minn H. , Westermarck J. , Ventelä Sami 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic approaches have been slow to emerge in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, an HNSCC patient cohort is created and performance of putative prognostic biomarkers investigated in a population-validated setting. The overall goal is to develop a novel way to combine biomarker analyses with population-level clinical data on HNSCC patients and thus to improve the carryover of biomarkers into clinical practice.

Materials and methods
To avoid selection biases in retrospective study design, all HNSCC patients were identified and corresponding clinical data were collected from the Southwest Finland geographical area. A particular emphasis was laid on avoiding potential biases in sample selection for immunohistochemical staining analyses. Staining results were evaluated for potential prognostic resolution.

Results
After comprehensive evaluation, the patient cohort was found to be representative of the background population in terms of clinical characteristics such as patient age and TNM stage distribution. A negligible drop-out of 1.3% (6/476) was observed during the first follow-up year. By immunohistochemical analysis, the role of previously implicated HNSCC biomarkers (p53, EGFR, p16, CIP2A, Oct4, MET, and NDFIP1) was investigated.

Discussion
Our exceptionally representative patient material supports the use of population validation to improve the applicability of results to real-life situations. The failure of the putative prognostic biomarkers emphasizes the need for controlling bias in retrospective studies, especially in the heterogenous tumor environment of HNSCC. The resolution of simple prognostic examination is unlikely to be sufficient to identify biomarkers for clinical practice of HNSCC.
Balancing patients’ fears of recurrence and fears of COVID-19 when considering their preference for review consultations
Authors: Dimelow Joanna , Lowe Derek , Rogers Simon N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients may experience fears regarding cancer recurrence (FoR) and of catching COVID-19. There could be unease for attending hospital clinics for face to face (F2F) examination. F2F benefit in cancer surveillance has to be balanced against the risk of virus transmission. This study aimed to report perceptions of fear of cancer and fear of COVID-19 and to report patient preference for follow-up consultation in HNC survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
The study ran from lockdown in England on 24th March to 29th July 2020. Patients were offered preference to postpone their consultation, to have it by telephone, or F2F. A postal survey was undertaken in the 2 weeks post-consultation (actual or postponed).

Results
There were 103 patients. Initial action by consultant and patient resulted in 51 postponed consultations, 35 telephone consultations and 17 F2F meetings, with 10 F2F triggered by the patient. There were 58 responders to the survey and most (39) had a clear preference for one mode of follow-up consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic, with half (19) preferring F2F. A similar response was seen regarding their consultations in general to address unmet needs and concerns, with 38 having a preferred mode, 29 preferring F2F. Serious fears about recurrence and COVID-19 were at relatively low levels with a tendency to be more concerned about recurrence.

Conclusion
Any redesign of mode and frequency of out-patient follow-up in light of COVID-19 should be undertaken in discussion with patient groups and with individual patients.
Comment on “Ultrapotassic magmatism in the heyday of the Variscan Orogeny: the story of the Třebíč Pluton, the largest durbachitic body in the Bohemian Massif” by Janoušek et al.
Authors: Schaltegger U. , Gaynor S. P. , Widmann P. , Kotková J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis comment addresses the incorrect treatment and presentation of data from laser ablation ICP-MS U–Pb age determinations of two samples of the Třebíč Pluton. This results in inaccurate ages and error assessment, invalidating the age interpretations of the authors. To corroborate our arguments, new high-precision chemical abrasion ID-TIMS data are presented that unequivocally define the emplacement age of the Třebíč pluton.
VarioGuide® frameless neuronavigation-guided stereoelectroencephalography in adult epilepsy patients: technique, accuracy and clinical experience
Authors: Ladisich Barbara , Machegger Lukas , Romagna Alexander , Krainz Herbert , Steinbacher Jürgen , Leitinger Markus , Kalss Gudrun , Thon Niklas , Trinka Eugen , Winkler Peter A. , Schwartz Christoph 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) allows the identification of deep-seated seizure foci and determination of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients. We evaluated the accuracy and treatment-associated morbidity of frameless VarioGuide® (VG) neuronavigation-guided depth electrode (DE) implantations.

Methods
We retrospectively identified all consecutive adult DRE patients, who underwent VG-neuronavigation DE implantations, between March 2013 and April 2019. Clinical data were extracted from the electronic patient charts. An interdisciplinary team agreed upon all treatment decisions. We performed trajectory planning with iPlan® Cranial software and DE implantations with the VG system. Each electrode’s accuracy was assessed at the entry (EP), the centre (CP) and the target point (TP). We conducted correlation analyses to identify factors associated with accuracy.

Results
The study population comprised 17 patients (10 women) with a median age of 32.0 years (range 21.0–54.0). In total, 220 DEs (median length 49.3 mm, range 25.1–93.8) were implanted in 21 SEEG procedures (range 3–16 DEs/surgery). Adequate signals for postoperative SEEG were detected for all but one implanted DEs (99.5%); in 15/17 (88.2%) patients, the EZ was identified and 8/17 (47.1%) eventually underwent focus resection. The mean deviations were 3.2 ± 2.4 mm for EP, 3.0 ± 2.2 mm for CP and 2.7 ± 2.0 mm for TP. One patient suffered from postoperative SEEG-associated morbidity (i.e. conservatively treated delayed bacterial meningitis). No mortality or new neurological deficits were recorded.

Conclusions
The accuracy of VG-SEEG proved sufficient to identify EZ in DRE patients and associated with a good risk-profile. It is a viable and safe alternative to frame-based or robotic systems.