bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 (PTPN6) but Not CD45 (PTPRC) Is Essential for the Ligand-Mediated Regulation of CD22 in BCR-Ligated B Cells
Authors: Alborzian Deh Sheikh Amin , Akatsu Chizuru , Abdu-Allah Hajjaj H. M. , Suganuma Yuki , Imamura Akihiro , Ando Hiromune , Takematsu Hiromu , Ishida Hideharu , Tsubata Takeshi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
CD22 is an inhibitory B cell coreceptor that regulates B cell development and activation by downregulating BCR signaling through activation of SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1). CD22 recognizes α2,6 sialic acid as a specific ligand and interacts with α2,6 sialic acid-containing membrane molecules, such as CD45, IgM, and CD22, expressed on the same cell. Functional regulation of CD22 by these endogenous ligands enhances BCR ligation-induced signaling and is essential for normal B cell responses to Ags. In this study, we demonstrate that CD45 plays a crucial role in CD22-mediated inhibition of BCR ligation-induced signaling. However, disruption of ligand binding of CD22 enhances CD22 phosphorylation, a process required for CD22-mediated signal inhibition, upon BCR ligation in CD45−/− as well as wild-type mouse B cells but not in mouse B cells expressing a loss-of-function mutant of SHP-1. This result indicates that SHP-1 but not CD45 is required for ligand-mediated regulation of CD22. We further demonstrate that CD22 is a substrate of SHP-1, suggesting that SHP-1 recruited to CD22 dephosphorylates nearby CD22 as well as other substrates. CD22 dephosphorylation by SHP-1 appears to be augmented by homotypic CD22 clustering mediated by recognition of CD22 as a ligand of CD22 because CD22 clustering increases the number of nearby CD22. Our results suggest that CD22 but not CD45 is an endogenous ligand of CD22 that enhances BCR ligation-induced signaling through SHP-1–mediated dephosphorylation of CD22 in CD22 clusters.
Ethylacetate fraction of Anthocleista vogelii Planch demonstrates antiobesity activities in preclinical models
Authors: Anyanwu Gabriel O. , Qamar Hafiz Misbah ud Din , Iqbal Jamshed , Ejaz Syeda A. , Onyeneke Eusebius C. , Khan Shafi U. , Rauf Khalid , Rahman Nisar-ur 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To assess the anti-obesity effect of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) profiled ethylacetate fraction (EF) of Anthocleista vogelii Planch on pancreatic lipase activity in vitro, and on obesity-related hormones in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats.
Methods: Chromatographic analysis of EF to identify bioactive compounds was performed using LCMS electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) positive mode. Thirty Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6). Group 1 was fed normal pellet diet, while groups 2 - 5 were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. The rats were treated for 4 weeks from week 10 with 125 mg/kg of EF (group 3), 250 mg/kg of EF (group 4) or 100 mg/kg of orlistat (group 5).
Results: Seven alkaloids were identified in EF, namely, 10-hydroxycamtothecin, moschamindole, camptothecin, moschamine, N6-cis-p-coumaroylserotonin, sinomenine and desacetylcolchicine. The EF of A. vogelii exhibited inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 8.76 ± 0.110 µg/mL. Rats treated with EF (125 and 250 mg/kg) of A. vogelii showed significantly (p < 0.05) decreased feed intake, body weight, leptin and insulin, when compared to HFD controls. Cortisol, serotonin and noradrenaline were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, but changes in thyroid hormones levels in EF-treated rats were not significant (p > 0.05) when compared to HFD controls.
Conclusion: The EF of A. vogelii demonstrate anti-obesity activities by inhibiting pancreatic lipase, elevating serotonin and noradrenaline, and increasing leptin sensitivity, leading consequently to decreased body weight of rats. However, the clinical use of EF of A. vogelii as an antiobesity herbal remedy requires further studies on its mechanisms of action.
Methylbenzoxime as a therapeutic agent for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats
Authors: Ding Mingcong , Wei Pandeng , Hu Xuchang , Yang Tongqun , Yang Mingxuan , Zhang Qian , Wan Lin 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of methylbenzoxime on dexamethasone-induced rat model of osteoporosis.
Methods: Osteoporosis rat model was prepared by administration of dexamethasone to rats for sixty days. The rats were then divided into five groups of five animals each: normal control, untreated, and 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg treatment groups. All rats were administered dexamethasone for 60 days. Thereafter, rats in the three treatment groups received daily doses of 2, 5 or 10 mg/kg methylbenzoxime for 15 days, while rats in normal control and untreated groups were given equivalent volumes of normal saline in place of methylbenzoxime. After treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and the femur removed for histological assessment of pathological changes using H&E staining. Expressions of Wntn signalling pathway proteins in osteoblasts were assayed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot assays.
Results: Methylbenzoxime inhibited osteoblast proliferation, as revealed from 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. It increased the expression of osteoprotegerin and downregulated receptor activator for nuclear factor-kappa B ligand. Dexamethasone decreased the expression of Wnt signalling pathway proteins in osteoblasts. However, treatment of the dexamethasone-exposed osteoblasts with methylbenzoxime reversed the inhibition of expressions of Wnt signalling pathway proteins. In vivo studies showed that methylbenzoxime treatment mitigated dexamethasone-induced pathological features in femur. In osteoporotic rats, methylbenzoxime significantly up-regulated the expression of osteocalcin but down-regulated the level of collagen-type I fragments, relative to the untreated group. The effect was significant in the 5 and 10 mg/kg treatment groups, when compared with 2 mg/kg group.
Conclusion: Methylbenzoxime prevents dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis in vitro and in rats. Therefore, it is a potential therapeutic agent for the management of osteoporosis.
Evaluation of anti-fatigue property of Porphyridium cruentum in mice
Authors: Huang Yongmei , Wang Yongfu , Li Wenjie , Zhan Jingting , Lei Jinli , Li Ning , Tan Lihua , Qu Chang , Chen Jiannan , Luo Hui 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the potential effects of Porphyridium cruentum (PC) on fatigue induced by forced swimming test in mice.
Methods: Mice were randomly divided into normal control group (NC, i.e., untreated non-swimming); model control group (MC, untreated swimming); Spirulina treated group (SP, 800 mg/kg); PC-treated groups (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), respectively. After intragastric administration for 14 consecutive days, a weight-bearing swimming experiment was conducted for the mice, and the biochemical indicators related to fatigue were examined, including exhaustive swimming time, glucose levels (Glu), hepatic glycogen contents (HG), muscle glycogen contents (MG), glutathione peroxidase activities (GSH-Px), creatine kinase (CK), malondialdehyde (MDA), urea nitrogen levels (SUN), lactate dehydrogenase activities (LDH), lactic acid (LA) as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD).
Results: PC significantly prolonged the swimming endurance time compared to MC. After PC treatment, Glu, HG and MG were effectively increased dose-dependently, SUN, LA, LDH and CK levels in serum were significantly reduced. Moreover, PC treatment elevated the bioactivities of two antioxidant enzymes, namely, GSH-Px and SOD, while MDA content decreased when compared to MC group.
Conclusion: These results indicate that PC exhibits strong anti-fatigue effect. Thus, PC may be suitable for incorporation in functional food to counter fatigue.
Effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin on the activity and structure of α-amylase
Authors: Su Jianhui , Tang Zhe 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and quercetin on the activity and structure of α-amylase.
Methods: The inhibitory effects of 7 functional factors were compared by measuring half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. Lineweaver-Burk plots were used to determine the type of inhibition exerted by EGCG and quercetin against α-amylase. The effect of EGCG and quercetin on the conformation of α-amylase was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy.
Results: Quercetin and EGCG inhibited α-amylase with IC50 values of 1.36 and 0.31 mg/mL, respectively, which were much lower than the IC50 values of the other compounds (puerarin, paeonol, konjac glucomannan and polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide). The Lineweaver−Burk plots indicated that EGCG and quercetin inhibited α-amylase competitively, with ki values of 0.23 and 1.28 mg/mL, respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that treatment with EGCG and quercetin led to formation of a loosely-structured hydrophobic hydration layer.
Conclusion: This study has unraveled the mechanism underlying the inhibition of α-amylase activity by EGCG and quercetin in vitro. This should make for better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the antidiabetic effects of EGCG and quercetin in vivo.
Curcumin evokes antidepressant-like effects in mice by regulating miR-124/brain derived neurotrophic factor
Authors: Yi Yanhong , Li Jing , Chen Weian 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect and mechanism of curcumin on depression in mice
Methods: Mice were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and behavioural changes were evaluated by sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST). CUMS-treated mice received curcumin at a concentration of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg. The level of MiR-124 was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were evaluated by western blotting.
Results: CUMS induced depressive behaviour in mice, with increase in miR-124 and decrease in BDNF. Curcumin inhibited miR-124 expression and promoted BDNF in a dose-dependent manner in CUMS-treated mice. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor was the direct target of miR-124, decreasing the transcription of BDNF, but this was reversed by curcumin in vitro. MicroRNA-124 overexpression aggravated CUMS-induced depressive symptoms including loss of appetite, less sucrose consumption, shorter swimming time, and longer immobility time (p < 0.001). The effects were attenuated by curcumin.
Conclusion: Curcumin alleviates CUMS-induced depressive behaviour by regulating miR-124/BDNF, suggesting that curcumin may a viable treatment option for depression.
Bioactivity, nutritional property, and rapid chemical characterization of aqueous extract of Annona muricata leaf from Mexico
Authors: Coria-Téllez Ana V. , Obledo-Vázquez Eva N. , Padilla-Camberos Eduardo , González-Ávila Marisela , Martínez-Velázquez Moisés 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the bioactive and nutritional properties, as well as rapid chemical characterization of aqueous extract of Annona muricata leaf from Mexico
Methods: The crude aqueous extract of A. muricata leaf was obtained by decoction. Cytotoxicity was tested against cervicouterine cancer cells (HeLa) using methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Nutritional evaluation was carried out according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) procedures. Rapid qualitative chemical characterization of the extract was carried out by direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) method.
Results: The aqueous extract of A. muricata leaf showed cytotoxicity against HeLa cells and also antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Nutritional analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, vitamin C, Na, and Fe in the aqueous extract. DART-MS spectra showed the presence of alkaloids and phenols as the major components.
Conclusion: The cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of A. muricata leaf lend some support for its traditional uses as anti-cancer remedy. These activities are probably due to its active secondary metabolites. Thus, the aqueous extract is a source of healthy nutritional components as well as a potential anti-cancer agent for humans.
MicroRNA-124 regulates apoptosis in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuroblastoma cells by targeting enhancer of zeste homolog 2
Authors: Wei Lingyun , Fang Jiansheng , Fang Yiqi , Li Chengnv 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of microRNA-124 action on neuroblastoma apoptosis induced by sevoflurane.
Methods: MiR-124 expression was assessed in a neuroblastoma cell line (SMS-KAN) using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The role of miR-124 in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuroblastoma was studied by cell activity and apoptosis analysis using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2-5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. MiR-124 target protein genes were confirmed via luciferase reporter activity, qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis.
Results: miR-124 was upregulated in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuroblastoma (p < 0.05). After miR-124 knockdown, apoptosis was significantly reduced and cell viability was enhanced in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced SMS-KAN nerve cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant reduction of luciferase activity was observed in 293T cells co-transfected with miR-124 mimics and EZH2-wild type (EZH2-WT) (p < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of EZH2 decreased in SMS-KAN nerve cells transfected with miR-124 mimics (p < 0.05). Overexpression of EZH2 inhibited the apoptosis of SMSKAN cells induced by sevoflurane (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the apoptosis of SMS-KAN cells transfected with miR-124 inhibitor were offset by transfected siEZH2.
Conclusion: The results suggest that overexpression of miR-124 suppresses cell proliferation by targeting EZH2 in SMS-KAN cells. Therefore, miR-124 represents a potential target for neuroblastoma therapy
Cyclopentadione-aniline conjugate suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in liver cancer cells via up-regulation of p38 phosphorylation
Authors: Yu Heze , Liang Geao , Dou Bo , Ni Jiangdong 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of cyclopentadione-aniline conjugate (CAC) on proliferation of liver cancer cells.
Methods: MTT assay and flow cytometry were used for the determination of the effect of CAC on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Western blotting was used to measure the influence of CAC on the expressions of various proteins, while Matrigel-coated Transwell assay was used for assessment of cell invasion.
Results: CAC inhibited proliferation of liver cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The degree of proliferation of HepG2 cells was 98, 89, 76, 66, 51, 42 or 36 %, on treatment with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 or 3.0 µM CAC, respectively. In H4TG cells, treatment with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 µM CAC decreased proliferation of cells to 99, 91, 79, 70, 54, 46 and 40 %, respectively. Apoptosis was induced in 34.56, 37.37 and 52.98 % cells, on treatment with 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 µM CAC, respectively. The invasive potential of HepG2 cells was significantly decreased by CAC (p < 0.05). Marked decreases were observed in Bcl-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, c-ERK1/2 and phospho-Akt levels in CACtreated HepG2 cells. CAC treatment markedly upregulated Bax and phospho ERK1/2, but significantly downregulated phospho PI3K, phospho mTOR and phospho Akt in HepG2 cells (p < 0.05). However, the level of phospho p38 was decreased in CAC-treated cells.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that CAC inhibits proliferation of liver cancer cells via apoptosis induction. Thus, CAC can potentially be used for the treatment of liver cancer in humans
Corporate Governance of Family Businesses in Croatia
Authors: Braut Filipović Mihaela 
Published: May 2021

The importance of family businesses in the Croatian economy is well known. In this respect, Croatia is part of the larger picture in which family businesses are considered of fundamental importance to the European Union’s economy. The most specific feature that sets Croatian family businesses apart is that they are all relatively young, as they were mostly established in the 1990s. This is due to the socio-economic development of Croatia as a country that was part of the former Yugoslavia. In this regard, although the traditions of certain crafts and products are significantly older, the modern legal vehicles through which such business is conducted, that is, Croatian companies, are only around thirty years old. This fact contributes to the hypothesis that governance issues related to family businesses are an underdeveloped legal area. However, the need to address the specific needs of Croatian businesses is on the rise, as a significant number of the founders are now retiring, and the issue of successful transfer of these businesses has never been more important. The goal of this article is to question whether available legal instruments for enhancing the governance of family businesses from comparative law and practice such as family constitutions and family councils can be applied in Croatian practice as well. To this end, this study analyses the most significant legal forms in which a family business can be established in Croatia: crafts, family farms, and all types of commercial companies (with an emphasis on limited liability and joint-stock companies). Analysis of the Croatian legal framework from the perspective of family businesses will contribute to the comparative discussion regarding the specific legal needs and challenges of such businesses.
Trajetórias e memórias sobre a saúde dos soldados da borracha em seringais do Acre
Authors: Negreiros Marcelus Antonio Motta Prado de 
Published: May 2021

O Acre testemunhou dois momentos históricos fundamentais para a sua colonização, ambos relacionados à extração da borracha, sendo o segundo patrocinado pelos Estados Unidos da América que, na Segunda Guerra Mundial, através dos Acordos de Washington, encontrou, no Brasil, a fonte do látex, matéria prima necessária para a produção bélica, uma vez que a Malásia, fornecedora até então, não mais o fazia por imposição do governo japonês, que tomou seus campos de produção. Esse processo migratório campanhista brasileiro levou aos seringais amazônicos, no início da década de 40 do século passado, mais de 75 mil jovens, que trocaram a seca do sertão nordestino pela úmida e tropical Floresta Amazônica, enfrentando dificuldades de adaptação dramáticas, atestadas pela morte de cerca de 25 mil Soldados da Borracha ao final da guerra. O objetivo foi o de resgatar as memórias e histórias sobre o cuidado da saúde desses brasileiros, submetidos a vulnerabilidades e traumas culturais, sociais, familiares e de saúde, em prol de acordo que rendeu ao governo brasileiro pouco mais que o Banco da Amazônia e a Usina de Aço de Volta Redonda (RJ). O estudo foi quali-quantitativo, através de entrevistas gravadas e transcritas, de jovens naturais e precedentes de diversas partes do nordeste brasileiro que trabalharam no seringais da Amazônia, e que, posteriormente, migraram para a capital do Acre, Rio Branco, entre as décadas de 40 e 60. Para análise das entrevistas foi utilizada a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, por meio do programa

QualiQuantiSoft ®. Os relatos mostraram situações de desamparo e descreveram a luta pela sobrevivência diante das adversidades desses trabalhadores que, se hoje ainda estão vivos para relatar esses fatos, provavelmente ainda o fazem por terem se transformado, em algum momento logo após a chegada, em amazônidas e não pelo apoio de gerência em saúde ofertado.
UTILIZAÇÃO DOS EQUIPAMENTOS DE PROTEÇÃO INDIVIDUAL A PARTIR DA ÓTICA DA EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM NO ENFRENTAMENTO DO COVID-19
Authors: De Sousa Julio Gabriel Mendonça , Alves Ribeiro Wanderson , De Araujo Franco Amanda , De Almeida Floriano Amanda , Teodoro de Souza Ana Beatriz , Lemos de Carvalho Bianca , Camara Guinancio Jully , Dias Lilian Laine da Conceição 
Published: May 2021

Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, ou seja, busca compreender de maneira ampla a literatura existente no meio científico com objetivo de refletir sobre as boas práticas de enfermagem na utilização dos equipamentos de proteção individual na prevenção ao COVID-19 no âmbito dos serviços de saúde. Os equipamentos de proteção individual (EPIs) são todos os dispositivos ou produtos de uso individual, utilizados pelo trabalhador, destinados à proteção de riscos suscetíveis de ameaça à segurança e à saúde no trabalho. A pandemia por COVID-19 representa um dos maiores desafios sanitários em escala mundial deste século. Situação epidemiológica da covid-19 no Brasil (20.04.2021) - Ministério da Saúde. O total de vidas perdidas para a covid-19 chegou a 378.003. Entre ontem e hoje, foram confirmados 3.321 novos óbitos. Ainda há 3.625 mortes em investigação por equipes de saúde. Para dar conta da proposta do estudo, a amostra final foi composta apenas por 09 referências, sendo 07 artigos e 02 cartilhas de orientações. Por fim, a pandemia trouxe tempos inigualáveis e instáveis e com a velocidade rápida das mudanças rápidas de forma crescente, no entanto, informações confiáveis, atuais e de boa qualidade não são suficientes, faz-se necessário também pensar no papel da comunicação de forma adequada e eficaz de eliminar os riscos, ressaltar a importância da higienização das mãos e uso contínuo da máscara de forma correta.
Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Pluchea indica Leaf Extract in TNF-α-Induced Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: SRISOOK Klaokwan , JINDA Suthasinee , SRISOOK Ekaruth 
Published: May 2021

Pluchea indica is a shrub plant found in mangrove forests. The leaves are consumed as food and herbal tea and exhibit various biological effects, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, in macrophages and animal models. However, the inhibitory activity of P. indica leaf extract on vascular inflammation remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of an ethanol extract from P. indica herbal tea leaves (PIE) on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced human vascular endothelial EA.hy926 cells. The cytotoxic effect of PIE was determined by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assays. PIE at concentrations of 12.5 - 50 µg/mL did not show significant cytotoxicity, whereas PIE at concentrations ≥ 100 µg/mL decreased cell viability. PIE inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells. To evaluate the PIE’s anti-vascular inflammatory activity, the protein expression of cell adhesion molecules, including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), was determined by western blot. PIE significantly decreased TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, PIE upregulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Inhibiting the activity of HO-1 by tin protoporphyrin IX significantly blocked the suppressive effect of PIE on ICAM-1 but not VCAM-1 expression. Therefore, PIE exerts anti-inflammatory activity on vascular endothelial cells, at least in part, by suppressing ROS production and the induction of HO-1. The obtained data suggest that PIE is a promising substance for developing therapeutic agents or as an ingredient of functional food.
HIGHLIGHTS

Pluchea indica leaf extract (PIE) at non-toxic doses inhibited ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in TNF-α-induced human vascular endothelial cells
PIE suppressed the production of ROS in TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells
PIE exerts anti-inflammatory activity on vascular endothelial cells mediated partly through the upregulation of HO-1