bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the $$c_0$$-equivalence and permutations of series
Authors: Bartoszewicz Artur , Fechner Włodzimierz , Świątczak Aleksandra , Widz Agnieszka 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAssume that a convergent series of real numbers $$\sum \limits _{n=1}^\infty a_n$$

∑

n
=
1

∞

a
n

has the property that there exists a set $$A\subseteq {\mathbb {N}}$$

A
⊆
N

such that the series $$\sum \limits _{n \in A} a_n$$

∑

n
∈
A

a
n

is conditionally convergent. We prove that for a given arbitrary sequence $$(b_n)$$

(

b
n

)

of real numbers there exists a permutation $$\sigma :{\mathbb {N}}\rightarrow {\mathbb {N}}$$

σ
:
N
→
N

such that $$\sigma (n) = n$$

σ
(
n
)
=
n

for every $$n \notin A$$

n
∉
A

and $$(b_n)$$

(

b
n

)

is $$c_0$$

c
0

-equivalent to a subsequence of the sequence of partial sums of the series $$\sum \limits _{n=1}^\infty a_{\sigma (n)}$$

∑

n
=
1

∞

a

σ
(
n
)

. Moreover, we discuss a connection between our main result with the classical Riemann series theorem.
The Limits of Transparency: Expert Knowledge and Meaningful Accountability in Central Banking
Authors: Heldt Eugénia C. , Herzog Lisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent discussions of accountability in contexts of expert knowledge raise questions about the limits of transparency. Against this background, we discuss the nexus between expert knowledge and meaningful accountability – that is, context-sensitive accountability based on a genuine understanding of a situation. We argue that the concentration of expertise in certain institutions makes it difficult to hold those institutions accountable. In particular, three components challenge meaningful accountability: specialization, inaccessibility and potential biases or conflict of interest. We emphasize the role of ‘epistemic communities’ and their impact on the tension between expert knowledge and independence. Drawing on the deliberative systems literature, we discuss how expert knowledge might be communicated to outsiders to enable meaningful accountability. To illustrate our argument, we draw on the European Central Bank, a case study in which states have chosen a delegation design characterized by a high degree of independence and trust in expert knowledge, to the detriment of accountability. We sketch possible avenues for creating the conditions for meaningful accountability even in the case of institutions with highly concentrated expertise.
The Equivalent Societies of Edinburgh and London, the Formation of the Royal Bank of Scotland, and the Nature of the Scottish Financial Revolution
Authors: McDiarmid Andrew 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe historiography of the Financial Revolution in Scotland remains underdeveloped. This article addresses that gap by rounding out the rough sketch that currently represents our understanding of Scotland's Financial Revolution by focusing on the formation of the Royal Bank of Scotland, Scotland's first new financial institution in more than thirty years when it emerged in 1727. The case is made that the Scottish Financial Revolution was a complex movement, very often separated from the state and driven by the agency of Scotsmen at home and abroad, and that 1727 denoted a phase of the revolution in which financially innovative projects returned to the country after a period of absence. The article demonstrates how the progress of the Financial Revolution ebbed and flowed in the country, contingent upon political circumstances, from the nascent economic developments of the 1690s and on to the political upheaval of the early eighteenth century.
The Acta of William the Conqueror, Domesday Book, the Oath of Salisbury, and the Legitimacy and Stability of the Norman Regime in England
Authors: Dalton Paul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDomesday Book, which is usually considered to be the product of William the Conqueror's great survey of England in 1086, is one of the most important sources of English medieval history. This article contributes to the vigorous and long-standing debate about the purpose of Domesday Book. It does so by exploring the light cast by some of William's royal acta on the activities and concerns of the king and his advisers while the Domesday survey was in progress. These are linked to the difficult political and military circumstances confronting William and his followers in 1085–86 and their desire to deal with these by strengthening the stability, legitimacy, and security of their regime in England. The article also casts additional light on the importance and dating of the relevant acta.
“Partnership Not Prejudice”: British Nurses, Colonial Students, and the National Health Service, 1948–1962
Authors: Babikian Catherine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNurses and their labor are essential to the provision of health care. Nowhere was this more apparent than in the flagship institution of postwar British welfare, the National Health Service. When it launched in 1948, a shortage of thirty-five thousand nurses endangered its future. This article examines the National Health Service's nursing shortage and its most enduring solution: the recruitment of Caribbean and African nursing staff for struggling British hospitals. It follows the manner in which British civil servants, hospital administrators, and nursing leaders came to recruit nurses from the colonies and the deep ambivalence that marked their project. What began as a reformulated colonial development project gave rise to a sprawling and unregulated market for nursing labor that powered the National Health Service for decades. The so-called dark stranger, deemed unworthy of membership in the national community, in fact carried out its most intimate work—caring for the bodies of sick white citizens.
One British Thing:The Hair Weavers Text-Book: A Study in the Art of Hair-Weaving and Beauty Culture (1967)
Authors: Perry Kennetta Hammond 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs part of the “One British Thing” series, this essay explores Ena V. McDonald'sThe Hair Weavers Text-Book, published in 1967, as a source for exploring Black women's intellectual histories in Britain during the twentieth century.
Presidential Address: The 1890s Debate over the Democratic Control of Hospitals in Britain and New Zealand
Authors: Clark Anna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnna Clark's presidential plenary to the 2018 North American Conference on British Studies in Vancouver, British Columbia, compares scandals over the mistreatment of patients and nurses that led to demands for popular control of hospitals in both Britain and New Zealand in the 1890s. A high death rate at the Chelsea Hospital for Women in London, located near a Pasteur Institute for animal research on vaccination, incited fears of human vivisection. The high death rate of nurses at the London Hospital provoked newspaper exposés and parliamentary investigations and calls for the municipalization of voluntary hospitals. In Christchurch, New Zealand, a debate over the rudeness of doctors and nurses enraged citizens. The flames of these scandals were sparked by newspaper agitation but fanned by feminists, socialists, trade unionists, and animal-rights organizations. In response to fears around experimentation, Fabian socialists Havelock Ellis, Harry Roberts, and Honnor Morten proposed democratic control of hospitals. These demands, focusing on patients’ rights and nurses’ health, differed from the hospital reform movement that urged hospitals to become more economical by forcing patients to pay. They also diverged from Beatrice and Sidney Webb's admonitions that the state must oversee citizens’ health for the nation to function efficiently. Although the calls for the democratic control of hospitals did not succeed, they might be seen as germs of a patient-centered approach to hospital care.
Associations between intake of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and risk of pancreatic cancer: a population-based, case–control study in Minnesota
Authors: Fan Hao , Yu Yunpeng , Nan Haocheng , Hoyt Margaret , Reger Michael K. , Prizment Anna , Anderson Kristin E. , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExperimental studies suggest that abnormal levels of Ca, Mg and phosphorus are implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis. We investigated the associations between intakes of these minerals and the risk of pancreatic cancer in a case-control study conducted in 1994–1998. Cases of pancreatic cancer (n 150) were recruited from all hospitals in the metropolitan area of the Twin Cities and Mayo Clinic, Minnesota. Controls (n 459) were randomly selected from the general population and frequency matched to cases by age, sex and race. All dietary variables were adjusted for energy intake using the residual method prior to data analysis. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the associations between intake of three nutrients examined and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Total intake of Ca (936 v. 1026 mg/d) and dietary intake of Mg (315 v. 331 mg/d) and phosphorus (1350 v. 1402 mg/d) were significantly lower in cases than in controls. After adjustment for confounders, there were not significant associations of total and dietary intakes of Ca, Mg and phosphorus with the risk of pancreatic cancer. In addition, no significant interactions exist between intakes of these minerals and total fat on pancreatic cancer risk. In conclusion, the present study does not suggest that intakes of Ca, Mg and phosphorus were significantly associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer.
Iron status in mid-pregnancy and associations with interpregnancy interval, hormonal contraceptives, dietary factors and supplement use
Authors: Caspersen Ida Henriette , Iglesias-Vázquez Lucía , Abel Marianne Hope , Brantsæter Anne Lise , Arija Victoria , Erlund Iris , Meltzer Helle Margrete 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdequate iron supply in pregnancy is important for both the woman and the fetus, but iron status is often assessed late in first trimester, if assessed at all. Therefore, identification of factors associated with iron status is important to target vulnerable groups with increased risk of deficiency. Our objectives were to (1) describe iron status in mid-pregnancy and (2) identify sociodemographic and lifestyle predictors of pregnancy iron status. This cross-sectional study uses data from The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (collected 2002–2008) and The Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Iron status was measured as non-fasting plasma ferritin (P-Fe) and transferrin in gestational week (GW) 18 (n2990), and by lowest reported Hb in GW 0–30 (n39 322). We explored predictors of iron status with elastic net, linear and log-binomial regression models. Median P-Fe was 33 μg/l, and 14 % had depleted iron stores (P-Fe <15 μg/l). P-Fe below 30 μg/l was associated with reduced Hb. We identified eleven predictors, with interpregnancy interval (IPI) and parity among the most important. Depleted iron stores was more common among women with IPI < 6 months (56 %) and 6–11 months (33 %) than among those with IPI 24–59 months (19 %) and among nulliparous women (5 %). Positively associated factors with iron status included hormonal contraceptives, age, BMI, smoking, meat consumption and multi-supplement use. Our results highlight the importance of ferritin measurements in women of childbearing age, especially among women not using hormonal contraceptives and women with previous and recent childbirths.
Can an exotic tree (Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) influence the non-volant small mammals assemblage in a protected area of Atlantic Forest?
Authors: Gama-Matos Rayanne , Ferreguetti Átilla Colombo , Mekiassen do Nascimento Giulia , Pereira-Ribeiro Juliane , Vagmaker Natália , Júnior Boazi Alex , Dantas Isidoro Grisóstomo Walker , Rocha Carlos Frederico Duarte , Bergallo Helena Godoy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractJackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is an exotic invasive plant species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest that causes changes in the environment through the release of allelopathic substances and has high fruit production. We aimed to understand the potential effects of the jackfruit on the non-volant small mammal assemblage in an area protected by law, in the municipality of Cariacica – Espírito Santo, south-eastern Brazil. We sampled the small mammals assemblage using live traps in 18 sites, eight with jackfruit and 10 without. We ordinated the assemblage and tested possible differences in species richness and abundance according to the jackfruit density. We recorded 31 species of non-volant small mammals, with 13 species endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Jackfruit species can affect both positively and negatively the studied assemblage of non-volant small mammals. For species with a frugivory habit, jackfruit has a positive effect favouring these species. On the other hand, for insectivorous species, jackfruit represents an impact inhibiting the presence of these species in an area with high jackfruit density. The results presented are the first step in understanding the effect of this invasive species on a small mammals assemblage and initiating a monitoring of these species in areas affected by jackfruits. Furthermore, management of jackfruits in this protected area is required.
THE MACROSIGNIFIED OF FORMATIVE MESOAMERICA: A SEMIOTIC APPROACH TO THE “OLMEC” STYLE
Authors: Seredin Artur 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article applies the theory of archaeological semiotics to the study of the “Olmec” style. A semiotic approach differs from an iconographic study because it provides the possibility for complex analysis of all significant traits of material archeological objects without distinction between stylistic and iconographic traits. In this context, the semiotic analysis of the Olmec style as a sign system shows that its particular signs, which can be defined as stylistic traits because of the lack of specific iconographic meanings, simultaneously participated in the creation and transformation of cultural meanings. This phenomenon reflected the “macrosignified” of Formative Mesoamerican cultures, associated with a structure that linked together various meanings throughout the culture.
People of the Wind
Authors: BARBERA GERARDO 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article contains ethnolinguistic observations and materials on the so called zâr cult, as practiced in present day Hormozgân province, Iran. The cult, which is spread across the Persian Gulf and central and north-east Africa, consists of practices and rituals of placation with which a category of spirits known as zâr and referred to as winds are warded off from a victim. The article, in particular, aims at offering an accurate description of the sub-lexicon associated with zâr in local Hormozgâni dialects, an aspect of research which has not been taken into consideration up to now.
COVID-washing of ultra-processed products: the content of digital marketing on Facebook during the COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay
Authors: Antúnez Lucía , Alcaire Florencia , Brunet Gerónimo , Bove Isabel , Ares Gastón 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:To explore the use of references to the COVID-19 pandemic as part of the marketing strategies used on Facebook to promote ultra-processed products.Design:A search for Facebook accounts of ultra-processed products was performed using a master list of products commercialised in two online supermarkets in Uruguay. For each of the identified Facebook accounts, all the content posted from the confirmation of the first cases of COVID-19 in Uruguay, on 14 March 2020, until 1 July 2020 was recorded. Posts including mentions to COVID-19, social distancing measures or their consequences were identified and analysed using content analysis.Setting:Uruguay, Latin America.Results:A total of 135 Facebook accounts were identified, which generated a total of 1749 posts related to ultra-processed products, from which 35 % included references to COVID-19. The majority of the posts included references to prevention measures. Approximately one-third of the posts included proposals of activities to do at home, most of which were linked to a healthy lifestyle. Tips for coping with quarantine and descriptions of the charitable work undertaken by brands were also identified.Conclusions:Results from the present work provide evidence that industries of ultra-processed products have taken advantage of the COVID-19 pandemic to promote their products, create positive associations with the brands and improve their image as part of their digital marketing strategies.
Determinants of household vulnerability to food insecurity during COVID-19 lockdown in a mid-term period in Iran
Authors: Pakravan-Charvadeh Mohammad Reza , Savari Moselm , Khan Haider A , Gholamrezai Saeid , Flora Cornelia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to identify and rank the different aspects of households’ vulnerability to food insecurity.Design:The data were collected by a standard online questionnaire. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale was used to assess food insecurity levels, and first-order structural equation modelling was applied to determine factors that affect food insecurity. Seven dimensions of vulnerability were measured: economic, social, cultural, human, physical, psychology and information, using thirty-seven items extracted from the related literature review.Setting:This study was implemented in Tehran province in Iran.Participants:The sample included 392 families residing in Tehran province which was determined using random sampling.Results:About 61 % of the total sample faced food insecurity, at marginal, moderate and severe levels. Economic, psychological and human aspects of vulnerability had the highest effect on food insecurity during the initial COVID-19 lockdown.Conclusions:Authorities and policymakers must provide economic and financial support to vulnerable households. Abolition of US economic and financial sanctions imposed on Iran must be implemented to battle with COVID-19 in this country.
Coevolving institutions and the paradox of informal constraints
Authors: Seligson Daniel , McCants Anne E. C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe can all agree that institutions matter, though as to which institutions matter most, and how much any of them matter, the matter is, paraphrasing Douglass North's words at the Nobel podium, unresolved after seven decades of immense effort. We suggest that the obstacle to progress is the paradigm of the New Institutional Economics itself. In this paper, we propose a new theory that is: grounded in institutions as coevolving sources of economic growth rather than as rules constraining growth; and deployed in dynamical systems theory rather than game theory. We show that with our approach some long-standing problems are resolved, in particular, the paradoxical and perplexingly pervasive influence of informal constraints on the long-run character of economies.
Football's contribution to international order: the ludic and festive reproduction of international society by world societal actors
Authors: Bucher Bernd , Eckl Julian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the English School, the relationship between international and world society has recently received increasing attention – conceptually and empirically. Adding to this developing literature, we study how world societal actors not only serve as normative counterpoints to international society or function as norm-entrepreneurs, but decisively contribute to its reproduction. Going beyond the common preoccupation with actor types, we focus on practices that are performed on the international stage. We examine the role which world sport events, especially FIFA's World Cup and the infrastructure of football, play for international society. Building on Wight, we conceptualize world sport events as a (world societal actor driven) derivative primary institution of international society, which is embedded within the particularly hybrid master primary institution of sites and festivals. We find that world sport events allow for the ludic and festive reproduction of key primary institutions (like sovereignty, territoriality, and nationalism), while they highlight how members of international society compete on the basis of shared norms and values. Naturalizing world order as international order, they make international society emotionally experienceable as feasible and desirable at a global level. In performing world sport events, world societal actors uphold rather than challenge international society.
Design and analysis of a planar UWB bandpass filter with stopband characteristics using MMR technique
Authors: Saxena Gaurav , Jain Priyanka , Awasthi Y. K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter with stopband characteristics is presented using a multi-mode resonator (MMR) technique. An MMR is formed by loading three dumbbell-shaped (Mickey and circular) shunt stubs placed in the center and two symmetrical locations from ports, respectively. Three circular and arrowhead defected ground structures on the ground plane are introduced to achieve UWB bandwidth with a better roll-off rate. The proposed filter exhibits stopband characteristics from 10.8 to 20 GHz with a 0.4 dB return loss. The group delay and roll-off rate of the designed filter are <0.30 ns in the passband and 16 dB/GHz at lower and higher cut-off frequencies, respectively. The dimension of the filter is 0.74λg × 0.67λg mm2 and was fabricated on a cost-effective substrate. All simulated results are verified through the experimental results.
Optimum design of linear and circular antenna arrays using equilibrium optimization algorithm
Authors: Durmus Ali , Kurban Rifat 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, equilibrium optimization algorithm (EOA), which is a novel optimization algorithm, is applied to synthesize symmetrical linear antenna array and non-uniform circular antenna array (CAA). The main purpose of antenna array synthesis is to achieve a radiation pattern with low maximum side lobe level (MSL) and narrow half-power beam width (HPBW) in far-field. The low MSL here is an important parameter to reduce interference from other communication systems operating in the same frequency band. A narrow HPBW is needed to achieve high directionality in antenna radiation patterns. Entering the literature as a novel optimization technique, EOA optimally determined the amplitude and position values of the array elements to obtain a radiation pattern with a low MSL and narrow HPBW. The EOA is inspired by models of the control volume mass balance used to predict equilibrium as well as dynamic states. To demonstrate the flexibility and performance of the proposed algorithm, 10-element, 16-element and 24-element linear arrays and eight-element, 10-element and 12-element CAAs are synthesized. The MSL and HPBW values of radiation pattern obtained with the EOA are very successful compared to the results of other optimization methods in the literature.