bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing loss in Africa: current genetic profile
Authors: Adadey Samuel Mawuli , Wonkam-Tingang Edmond , Aboagye Elvis Twumasi , Quaye Osbourne , Awandare Gordon A. , Wonkam Ambroise 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHearing impairment (HI) is highly heterogeneous with over 123 associated genes reported to date, mostly from studies among Europeans and Asians. Here, we performed a systematic review of literature on the genetic profile of HI in Africa. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with the registration number “CRD42021240852”. Literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Africa-Wide Information, and Web of Science databases. A total of 89 full-text records was selected and retrieved for data extraction and analyses. We found reports from only 17/54 (31.5%) African countries. The majority (61/89; 68.5%) of articles were from North Africa, with few reports found from sub-Saharan Africa. The most common method used in these publications was targeted gene sequencing (n = 66/111; 59.5%), and only 13.5% (n = 15/111) used whole-exome sequencing. More than half of the studies were performed in families segregating HI (n = 51/89). GJB2 was the most investigated gene, with GJB2: p.(R143W) founder variant only reported in Ghana, while GJB2: c.35delG was common in North African countries. Variants in MYO15A were the second frequently reported in both North and Central Africa, followed by ATP6V1B1 only reported from North Africa. Usher syndrome was the main syndromic HI molecularly investigated, with variants in five genes reported: USH2A, USH1G, USH1C, MYO7A, and PCDH15. MYO7A: p.(P1780S) founder variant was reported as the common Usher syndrome variant among Black South Africans. This review provides the most comprehensive data on HI gene variants in the largely under-investigated African populations. Future exomes studies particularly in multiplex families will likely provide opportunities for the discovery of the next sets of novel HI genes, and well as unreported variants in known genes to further our understanding of HI pathobiology, globally.
Mathematische Grundlagen der Künstlichen Intelligenz im Schulunterricht
Authors: Schönbrodt Sarah , Camminady Thomas , Frank Martin 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungEin Anspruch des mathematischen Modellierungsunterrichts in der Schule sollte es sein, besonders aktuelle Probleme und interessante neue Technologien aus dem Alltag der Schüler/innen einzubeziehen. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn sie eine didaktische Reduktion auf elementare (schul-)mathematische Inhalte leicht zulassen. Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) zieht sich durch verschiedene Bereiche von Wissenschaft und Technik und verbirgt sich insbesondere hinter zahlreichen Anwendungen unseres Alltags.In diesem Beitrag wird diskutiert, wie ein zeitgemäßer Mathematikunterricht durch die Modellierung realer, schülernaher Probleme aus dem Bereich KI bereichert werden kann. Dazu werden zwei Methoden und deren didaktische Reduktion für den Einsatz in einem computergestützten Mathematikunterricht vorgestellt.Bei der problemorientierten Diskussion beider Methoden werden zwei alltägliche Problemstellungen in den Blick genommen: Zum einen Klassifizierungsprobleme und deren Lösung mithilfe der sogenannten Stützvektormethode (SVM), die auf der Berechnung des Abstandes von Punkten zu Hyperebenen beruht; zum anderen Empfehlungssysteme, die auf einer Matrix-Faktorisierung basieren können.Zu beiden Problemstellungen wurden digitale Lernmaterialien für Oberstufenschüler/innen entwickelt, die im Rahmen von eintägigen Workshops zur mathematischen Modellierung bereits mehrfach erprobt wurden. Die digitale Umsetzung als Jupyter Notebooks wird abschließend beschrieben und steht den Leser/innen als Open Educational Resources unter einer Creative Commons Lizenz zur Verfügung.
Risk of lower extremity amputations in patients with type 2 diabetes using sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors
Authors: Zerovnik Spela , Kos Mitja , Locatelli Igor 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aims
To compare the influence of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) on the risk of lower extremity amputations in patients with type 2 diabetes in Slovenia.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients aged 40 years or more who were administered a newly introduced SGLT2i or DPP-4i between June 2014 and June 2018. Patients treated with insulin at baseline and patients with a history of amputation were excluded. Patients were matched in a 1:1 ratio using propensity score matching. Survival analysis was performed; hazard ratio (HR) and ratios of cumulative hazards at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years were estimated. On-treatment and intention-to-treat approaches were used.

Results
The study cohort (mean age: 64 years) consisted of 2,939 new users of SGLT2i (empagliflozin, 59%; dapagliflozin, 41%) matched to 2,939 new users of DPP-4i. In the on-treatment analysis (median follow-up of 2 years), the incidence of amputations was higher in SGLT2i than in DPP-4i users (4.2 vs. 2.7 per 1,000 patient years), resulting in a HR of 1.58 (95% CI 0.85–2.92; p = 0.145). An intention-to-treat analysis yielded to similar HR of 1.86 (95% CI: 1.10–3.14; p = 0.020). There was no difference in amputation rates in the first two years, but SGLT2i users had a 2.81-fold higher (95% CI: 1.63–4.84; p = 0.007) cumulative hazard of amputation at 4 years than did DPP-4i users.

Conclusions
Compared with DPP-4i use, SGLT2i use did not result in a statistically significant higher overall risk of lower extremity amputations. However, the results suggest that SGLT2i may increase the risk of amputation with long-term use.
Complete genome sequence and construction of an infectious full-length cDNA clone of a cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) isolate from Portugal
Authors: Cordes K. , Maiss E. , Winter S. , Rose H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) is a member of the genus Ipomovirus in the family Potyviridae. In the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, three complete genome sequences of CVYV isolates from Spain (NC_006941), Israel (KT276369), and Jordan (JF460793) are available. In this study, we report the complete sequence of an isolate of CVYV from Portugal (DSMZ PV-0776) along with the construction of an infectious full-length cDNA clone via Gibson assembly. The sequence of CVYV Portugal shows the closest relationship to a CVYV isolate from Spain (genome, 99.7% identity; polyprotein, 99.7% identity). The CVYV full-length cDNA clone was introduced by electroporation into Rhizobium radiobacter and infiltrated into the cotyledons of Cucumis sativus plantlets, resulting in symptoms resembling those of the wild-type virus. Transmission of the infectious CVYV full-length clone by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci was confirmed. This first report confirming the infectivity of a CVYV cDNA clone provides the opportunity to study gene functions in a consistent genomic background.
European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders—version 2.0. Part IV: deep brain stimulation
Authors: Szejko Natalia , Worbe Yulia , Hartmann Andreas , Visser-Vandewalle Veerle , Ackermans Linda , Ganos Christos , Porta Mauro , Leentjens Albert F. G. , Mehrkens Jan-Hinnerk , Huys Daniel , Baldermann Juan Carlos , Kuhn Jens , Karachi Carine , Delorme Cécile , Foltynie Thomas , Cavanna Andrea E. , Cath Danielle , Müller-Vahl Kirsten 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn 2011 the European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS) published its first European clinical guidelines for the treatment of Tourette Syndrome (TS) with part IV on deep brain stimulation (DBS). Here, we present a revised version of these guidelines with updated recommendations based on the current literature covering the last decade as well as a survey among ESSTS experts. Currently, data from the International Tourette DBS Registry and Database, two meta-analyses, and eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are available. Interpretation of outcomes is limited by small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. Compared to open uncontrolled case studies, RCTs report less favorable outcomes with conflicting results. This could be related to several different aspects including methodological issues, but also substantial placebo effects. These guidelines, therefore, not only present currently available data from open and controlled studies, but also include expert knowledge. Although the overall database has increased in size since 2011, definite conclusions regarding the efficacy and tolerability of DBS in TS are still open to debate. Therefore, we continue to consider DBS for TS as an experimental treatment that should be used only in carefully selected, severely affected and otherwise treatment-resistant patients.
Hierarchical Bayes modelling of penalty conversion rates of Bundesliga players
Authors: Hanck Christoph , Arnold Martin C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractJudging by its significant potential to affect the outcome of a game in one single action, the penalty kick is arguably the most important set piece in football. Scientific studies on how the ability to convert a penalty kick is distributed among professional football players are scarce. In this paper, we consider how to rank penalty takers in the German Bundesliga based on historical data from 1963 to 2021. We use Bayesian models that improve inference on ability measures of individual players by imposing structural assumptions on an associated high-dimensional parameter space. These methods prove useful for our application, coping with the inherent difficulty that many players only take few penalties, making purely frequentist inference rather unreliable.
Opioidrotation bei „mixed pain“ in der Tumorschmerztherapie
Authors: Demuth Magdalena 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Fallbericht wird die Situation einer 67-jährigen chronischen Schmerzpatientin geschildert, die aufgrund eines Zufallsbefundes mit der Diagnose eines metastasierten kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinoms konfrontiert wird. Bisher hatte sie mit einer chronischen Lumboischialgie zu kämpfen. Im Verlauf traten zunehmend therapieresistente Tumorschmerzen in den Vordergrund. Es wird beschrieben, wie wichtig es ist, die veränderte Schmerzqualität zu erkennen. Der Tumorschmerz mit neuropathischer Komponente beziehungsweise „mixed pain“ erschwerte im vorliegenden Fallbeispiel eine zufriedenstellende Symptomkontrolle. Es erfolgte ein Wechsel von transdermal appliziertem Fentanyl zu einem subkutanen Perfusorsystem mit Morphin und kurz darauf, aufgrund fehlender Schmerzkontrolle, auf ein orales retardiertes Oxycodonpräparat. Diese zweifache Opioidrotation wird im Folgenden diskutiert. Aspekte wie Resistenzentwicklung, inkomplette Kreuztoleranz und genetische Polymorphismen werden mithilfe wissenschaftlicher Literaturrecherche beleuchtet.
Non-linear physiological responses to climate change: the case of Ceratitis capitata distribution and abundance in Europe
Authors: Gilioli Gianni , Sperandio Giorgio , Colturato Michele , Pasquali Sara , Gervasio Paola , Wilstermann Anne , Dominic Anto Raja , Schrader Gritta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how climate change might influence the distribution and abundance of crop pests is fundamental for the development and the implementation of pest management strategies. Here we present and apply a modelling framework assessing the non-linear physiological responses of the life-history strategies of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata, Wiedemann) to temperature. The model is used to explore how climate change might influence the distribution and abundance of this pest in Europe. We estimated the change in the distribution, abundance and activity of this species under current (year 2020) and future (years 2030 and 2050) climatic scenarios. The effects of climate change on the distribution, abundance and activity ofC. capitataare heterogeneous both in time and in space. A northward expansion of the species, an increase in the altitudinal limit marking the presence of the species, and an overall increase in population abundance is expected in areas that might become more suitable under a changing climate. On the contrary, stable or reduced population abundances can be expected in areas where climate change leads to equally suitable or less suitable conditions. This heterogeneity reflects the contribution of both spatial variability in the predicted climatic patterns and non-linearity in the responses of the species’ life-history strategies to temperature.
Path dependence in administrative adjudication: the role played by legal tradition
Authors: Stachowiak-Kudła Monika , Kudła Janusz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBased on the theory of path dependence, we show that legal tradition affects the administrative court’s rulings. It also complements the two other reasons for diversified verdicts: the experience of the judges and courts (specialization) and preference (bias) for one of the parties. This effect is persistent even if the verdicts are controversial and result in serious consequences for a party and when the penalty paid by the complainant is perceived as excessive but fulfilling the strict rules of law. We prove that judicial decision making is a function of path dependency stemming from a legal tradition of the court. To confirm this, logistic regression is applied to a sample of 337 erroneous excise duty documentation cases of heating oil sales from all sixteen provincial administrative courts in Poland. Increasing the specialization of judges and having them exchange experiences may be a remedy for the unjustified adjudication differences.
In situ high-energy X-ray diffraction of precipitation and dissolution reactions during heating of Al alloys
Authors: Fröck Hannes , Rowolt Christian , Milkereit Benjamin , Reich Michael , Kowalski Wolfgang , Stark Andreas , Kessler Olaf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDuring heating of Al alloys, typically a sequence of precipitation and dissolution reactions occurs and the single (partly opposing) reactions superimpose. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is one common technique to analyse the kinetic development of precipitation and dissolution in Al alloys, but the superposition of the exothermic precipitation and endothermic dissolution reactions complicates the DSC signal interpretation, as DSC measures the sum of any heat effect. Synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) allows the kinetic development of phase transformations to be obtained and can support the separation of superimposed DSC signals. HEXRD results from this work offer a new approach to separate part of the superimposed reactions and their kinetic development for the equilibrium phases β-Mg2Si in EN AW-6082 and η-Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 in EN AW-7150. Comparing DSC and HEXRD results confirms serious overlap issues. Common DSC evaluation methods alone, using zero crossing between endothermic and exothermic heat flow or peak positions can be misleading regarding individual reaction start and finish temperatures as well as regarding reaction intensities, which can be unambiguously determined by in situ HEXRD.
18F-FET-PET-guided gross total resection improves overall survival in patients with WHO grade III/IV glioma: moving towards a multimodal imaging-guided resection
Authors: Ort Jonas , Hamou Hussam Aldin , Kernbach Julius M. , Hakvoort Karlijn , Blume Christian , Lohmann Philipp , Galldiks Norbert , Heiland Dieter Henrik , Mottaghy Felix M. , Clusmann Hans , Neuloh Georg , Langen Karl-Josef , Delev Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
PET using radiolabeled amino acid [18F]-fluoro-ethyl-L-tyrosine (FET-PET) is a well-established imaging modality for glioma diagnostics. The biological tumor volume (BTV) as depicted by FET-PET often differs in volume and location from tumor volume of contrast enhancement (CE) in MRI. Our aim was to investigate whether a gross total resection of BTVs defined as < 1 cm3 of residual BTV (PET GTR) correlates with better oncological outcome.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed imaging and survival data from patients with primary and recurrent WHO grade III or IV gliomas who underwent FET-PET before surgical resection. Tumor overlap between FET-PET and CE was evaluated. Completeness of FET-PET resection (PET GTR) was calculated after superimposition and semi-automated segmentation of pre-operative FET-PET and postoperative MRI imaging. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test.

Results
From 30 included patients, PET GTR was achieved in 20 patients. Patients with PET GTR showed improved median OS with 19.3 compared to 13.7 months for patients with residual FET uptake (p = 0.007; HR 0.3; 95% CI 0.12–0.76). This finding remained as independent prognostic factor after performing multivariate analysis (HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.06–0.62, p = 0.006). Other survival influencing factors such as age, IDH-mutation, MGMT promotor status, and adjuvant treatment modalities were equally distributed between both groups.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that PET GTR improves the OS in patients with WHO grade III or IV gliomas. A multimodal imaging approach including FET-PET for surgical planning in newly diagnosed and recurrent tumors may improve the oncological outcome in glioma patients.
Analysis of the non-periodic oscillations of a self-excited friction-damped system with closely spaced modes
Authors: Woiwode Lukas , Vakakis Alexander F. , Krack Malte 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is widely known that dry friction damping can bound the self-excited vibrations induced by negative damping. The vibrations typically take the form of (periodic) limit cycle oscillations. However, when the intensity of the self-excitation reaches a condition of maximum friction damping, the limit cycle loses stability via a fold bifurcation. The behavior may become even more complicated in the presence of any internal resonance conditions. In this work, we consider a two-degree-of-freedom system with an elastic dry friction element (Jenkins element) having closely spaced natural frequencies. The symmetric in-phase motion is subjected to self-excitation by negative (viscous) damping, while the symmetric out-of-phase motion is positively damped. In a previous work, we showed that the limit cycle loses stability via a secondary Hopf bifurcation, giving rise to quasi-periodic oscillations. A further increase in the self-excitation intensity may lead to chaos and finally divergence, long before reaching the fold bifurcation point of the limit cycle. In this work, we use the method of complexification-averaging to obtain the slow flow in the neighborhood of the limit cycle. This way, we show that chaos is reached via a cascade of period-doubling bifurcations on invariant tori. Using perturbation calculus, we establish analytical conditions for the emergence of the secondary Hopf bifurcation and approximate analytically its location. In particular, we show that non-periodic oscillations are the typical case for prominent nonlinearity, mild coupling (controlling the proximity of the modes), and sufficiently light damping. The range of validity of the analytical results presented herein is thoroughly assessed numerically. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work that shows how the challenging Jenkins element can be treated formally within a consistent perturbation approach in order to derive closed-form analytical results for limit cycles and their bifurcations.
Rationalizing forecast inefficiency
Authors: Ham Charles G. , Kaplan Zachary R. , Lemayian Zawadi R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe show analysts’ own earnings forecasts predict error in their own forecasts of earnings at other horizons, which we argue provides a measure of the extent to which analysts inefficiently use information. We construct our measure by exploiting two sources of variation in analysts’ incentives: (i) more recent forecasts have greater salience at the time of the earnings release so accuracy incentives are higher (lower) at shorter (longer) forecast horizons and (ii) analysts have greater incentives for optimism (pessimism) at longer (shorter) horizons. Consistent with these incentives affecting the incorporation of information into forecasts, we document (i) current year forecasts underweight (overweight) information in shorter (longer) horizon forecasts and (ii) the mis-weighting is more pronounced when recent news is negative—when analysts have greater (weaker) incentives to incorporate the news into shorter (longer) horizon forecasts. Finally, returns tests suggest that forecasts adjusted for the inefficiency we document better represent market expectations of earnings.
Application of Data Envelopment Analysis to Evaluate Investments in the Modernization of Collective Management Irrigation Systems in Valencia (Spain)
Authors: García-Mollá Marta , Puertas Rosa , Sanchis-Ibor Carles 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClimate change and increased competition for water resources are generating growing concern about how to improve water-use efficiency in agriculture. In turn, this has prompted substantial investments in the installation of water-saving technologies in irrigation systems. The first aim of this research is to use data envelopment analysis to quantify, in terms of gross water savings (GWS), the local-scale efficiency of the irrigation policies adopted in an area of Spain suffering from a structural water deficit. Second, the cross-efficiency method is used to produce a ranking of the irrigation organizations analysed, in order to identify patterns of water-use efficiency performance that can guide future lines of investment. The results reveal that water-use efficiency prior to modernization is a key determinant of the efficiency achieved in terms of GWS at local scale. However, the investments targeted at irrigation modernization often have objectives other than water savings. These and other aspects should be taken into account when allocating public funds to irrigation modernization.
Transmission of Educational Outcomes Across Three Generations: Evidence From Migrant Workers’ Children in China
Authors: Liu Yulan , Deng Zihong , Katz Ilan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe migration of parents or children may bring risks to children’s academic performance, but intergenerational effects on the academic performance of migrant workers’ children have been underexplored. This study aims to investigate how grandparents’ socioeconomic status (G1) and parents’ proximal and distal socioeconomic status (G2) influence the academic performance of migrant workers’ children (G3) and the corresponding impacts on the academic performance of migrant and left-behind children. The data used in this study were collected from a survey of 2017 migrant workers conducted in 13 districts and cities of 7 provinces of China in 2014. The results of ordered logistic regression models indicate that G1 grandparent socioeconomic status is positively associated with G2 academic performance and education level. Similarly, G2 parental academic performance and education level are positively linked to G3 academic performance. Parental distal academic performance and education level play an important role in G3 academic performance, but grandparents’ socioeconomic status is not significantly associated with G3 academic performance while controlling for both G1 and G2 variables. In addition, the influence of grandparents’ and parents’ socioeconomic status differs between migrant and left-behind children. Grandparent and parental occupation status only have a significant impact on left-behind children. The educational reproduction of migrant workers’ children has different logics among migrant and left-behind children. Further policies and social services are required to improve the development of migrant workers’ children.