bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LEGACY: Phase 2a Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamic Effects of the Anti-EL (Endothelial Lipase) Antibody MEDI5884 in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ruff Christian T. , Koren Michael J. , Grimsby Joseph , Rosenbaum Anton I. , Tu Xiao , Karathanasis Sotirios K. , Falloon Judith , Hsia Judith , Guan Ye , Conway James , Tsai Lan-Feng , Hummer B. Timothy , Hirshberg Boaz , Kuder Julia F. , Murphy Sabina A. , George Richard T. , Sabatine Marc S. 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
Functional HDL (high-density lipoprotein) particles that facilitate cholesterol efflux may be cardioprotective. EL (endothelial lipase) hydrolyzes phospholipids promoting catabolism of HDL and subsequent renal excretion. MEDI5884 is a selective, humanized, monoclonal, EL-neutralizing antibody. We sought to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic effects of multiple doses of MEDI5884 in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Approach and Results:

LEGACY was a phase 2a, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-design trial that randomized 132 patients with stable coronary artery disease receiving high-intensity statin therapy to 3 monthly doses of 1 of 5 dose levels of MEDI5884 (50, 100, 200, 350, or 500 mg SC) or matching placebo. The primary end point was the safety and tolerability of MEDI5884 through the end of the study (day 151). Additional end points included change in HDL cholesterol and cholesterol efflux from baseline to day 91, hepatic uptake of cholesterol at day 91, changes in various other lipid parameters. The incidence of adverse events was similar between the placebo and MEDI5884 groups. In a dose-dependent manner, MEDI5884 increased HDL cholesterol up to 51.4% (
P
<0.0001) and global cholesterol efflux up to 26.2% ([95% CI, 14.3–38.0]
P
<0.0001). MEDI5884 increased HDL particle number up to 14.4%. At the highest dose tested, an increase in LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol up to 28.7% (
P
<0.0001) and apoB (apolipoprotein B) up to 13.1% (
P
=0.04) was observed with MEDI5884. However, at the potential target doses for future studies, there was no meaningful increase in LDL cholesterol or apoB.

Conclusions:
Inhibition of EL by MEDI5884 increases the quantity and quality of functional HDL in patients with stable coronary artery disease on high-intensity statin therapy without an adverse safety signal at the likely dose to be used. These data support further clinical investigation.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03351738.
2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Gulati Martha , Levy Phillip D. , Mukherjee Debabrata , Amsterdam Ezra , Bhatt Deepak L. , Birtcher Kim K. , Blankstein Ron , Boyd Jack , Bullock-Palmer Renee P. , Conejo Theresa , Diercks Deborah B. , Gentile Federico , Greenwood John P. , Hess Erik P. , Hollenberg Steven M. , Jaber Wael A. , Jneid Hani , Joglar José A. , Morrow David A. , O’Connor Robert E. , Ross Michael A. , Shaw Leslee J. 
Published: October 2021

Aim:
This clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to assess and diagnose chest pain in adult patients.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted from November 11, 2017, to May 1, 2020, encompassing randomized and nonrandomized trials, observational studies, registries, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaboration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports, and other relevant databases. Additional relevant studies, published through April 2021, were also considered.

Structure:
Chest pain is a frequent cause for emergency department visits in the United States. The “2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain” provides recommendations based on contemporary evidence on the assessment and evaluation of chest pain. This guideline presents an evidence-based approach to risk stratification and the diagnostic workup for the evaluation of chest pain. Cost-value considerations in diagnostic testing have been incorporated, and shared decision-making with patients is recommended.
Learning the Synaptic and Intrinsic Membrane Dynamics Underlying Working Memory in Spiking Neural Network Models
Authors: Li Yinghao , Kim Robert , Sejnowski Terrence J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recurrent neural network (RNN) models trained to perform cognitive tasks are a useful computational tool for understanding how cortical circuits execute complex computations. However, these models are often composed of units that interact with one another using continuous signals and overlook parameters intrinsic to spiking neurons. Here, we developed a method to directly train not only synaptic-related variables but also membrane-related parameters of a spiking RNN model. Training our model on a wide range of cognitive tasks resulted in diverse yet task-specific synaptic and membrane parameters. We also show that fast membrane time constants and slow synaptic decay dynamics naturally emerge from our model when it is trained on tasks associated with working memory (WM). Further dissecting the optimized parameters revealed that fast membrane properties are important for encoding stimuli, and slow synaptic dynamics are needed for WM maintenance. This approach offers a unique window into how connectivity patterns and intrinsic neuronal properties contribute to complex dynamics in neural populations.
Bayesian Quadrature Optimization for Probability Threshold Robustness
Measure
Authors: Iwazaki Shogo , Inatsu Yu , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In many product development problems, the performance of the product is governed by two types of parameters: design parameters and environmental parameters. While the former is fully controllable, the latter varies depending on the environment in which the product is used. The challenge of such a problem is to find the design parameter that maximizes the probability that the performance of the product will meet the desired requisite level given the variation of the environmental parameter. In this letter, we formulate this practical problem as active learning (AL) problems and propose efficient algorithms with theoretically guaranteed performance. Our basic idea is to use a gaussian process (GP) model as the surrogate model of the product development process and then to formulate our AL problems as Bayesian quadrature optimization problems for probabilistic threshold robustness (PTR) measure. We derive credible intervals for the PTR measure and propose AL algorithms for the optimization and level set estimation of the PTR measure. We clarify the theoretical properties of the proposed algorithms and demonstrate their efficiency in both synthetic and real-world product development problems.
Toward a Brain-Inspired Developmental Neural Network Based on Dendritic Spine Dynamics
Authors: Zhao Feifei , Zeng Yi , Bai Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNeural networks with a large number of parameters are prone to overfitting problems when trained on a relatively small training set. Introducing weight penalties of regularization is a promising technique for solving this problem. Taking inspiration from the dynamic plasticity of dendritic spines, which plays an important role in the maintenance of memory, this letter proposes a brain-inspired developmental neural network based on dendritic spine dynamics (BDNN-dsd). The dynamic structure changes of dendritic spines include appearing, enlarging, shrinking, and disappearing. Such spine plasticity depends on synaptic activity and can be modulated by experiences—in particular, long-lasting synaptic enhancement/suppression (LTP/LTD), coupled with synapse formation (or enlargement)/elimination (or shrinkage), respectively. Subsequently, spine density characterizes an approximate estimate of the total number of synapses between neurons. Motivated by this, we constrain the weight to a tunable bound that can be adaptively modulated based on synaptic activity. Dynamic weight bound could limit the relatively redundant synapses and facilitate the contributing synapses. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on classification tasks of different complexity with the MNIST, Fashion MNIST, and CIFAR-10 data sets. Furthermore, compared to dropout and L2 regularization algorithms, our method can improve the network convergence rate and classification performance even for a compact network.
Chyromyidae from Cyprus with descriptions of new species of Aphaniosoma Becker (Diptera: Brachycera, Acalyptratae)
Authors: Ebejer Martin J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An account is given of the Chyromyidae (Diptera) of Cyprus. First records are given for 15 species in the genus Aphaniosoma Becker, one in Gymnochiromyia Hendel and three in Chyromya Robineau-Desvoidy. Two species are described as new to science: Aphaniosoma cypriense sp. n. and A. pteropus sp. n. The possible origin of this fauna and its affinity with that of neighbouring countries is discussed.
La danse et l’écriture calligraphique : Une nouvelle chorégraphie de fiction
Authors: Marsit Abir 
Published: October 2021

Résumé
Des artistes ont changé leur rapport à l’art et ont collaboré à bouleverser le paysage culturel dans des domaines tels que la littérature, la musique, le cinéma ou l’art plastique. Comme en témoignent les œuvres de Yazid Kheloufi, Hosni Hertili, Hassan Massoudy et Alexia Traore, en s’attaquant aux interdits, leur liberté d’expression a laissé place à une force créatrice. Ils sont devenus maîtres de leur passé, de leur présent, de leur futur et même de leurs corps.
Lucky Philip Dube: The Artiste in Search of a New Jurisprudence and Subaltern Redemption
Authors: Zuhmboshi Eric Nsuh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Most musicians, in their songs, portray their philosophical vision of life as could be seen in the case of Lucky Philip Dube, the black South African reggae musician. His songs show that he adheres to the principle of ethical humanism and portrays him as a crusader of social justice. Thus, this essay shows the link between musical art and law by examining the commitment of Dube’s lyrical composition in fighting for a just legal system in his society. This essay therefore, analyses some of his lyrical productions in order to expound on the philosophical ideas underneath the songs and how they tie with the search of an alternative jurisprudence and humanism in postcolonial discourse and the liberation of the subaltern. From the perspective of natural law theory, this essay postulates that Dube’s songs criticise the injustice of the legal philosophy in his society and quest for an impartial jurisprudence – that of equality and justice in his society.
Intercultural Dialogue via Music: Translating the Beatles’ Legacy into Contemporary Pop Culture
Authors: Engelskircher Kathrin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Cultural translation phenomena are per se an intercultural product. Exchange and interaction take place every day in our globalized world. Especially with respect to music, a translational perspective can broaden the horizon of research projects in a very fruitful way. Music always combines elements from different cultures, periods and styles and can, in that way, serve as a medium of intercultural dialogue, which affects the participants of the dialogue not only on a rational, but also on an emotional level – and helps to cross borders and build bridges between different cultures.
In my analysis, I take a look at the legacy of the Beatles and how it is performatively unfolded by the Spanish-Chilean band the Recalls, based in Germany. Different cultures intermingle in such appropriation and show a joyful (postmodern) handling to create a very special, discrete type of music and self-staging. Thus, music as a product of intercultural dialogue can become a chance for a successful interaction between different cultures.
Environmental Impact Assessment Draft Notification 2020, India: A Critique
Authors: Jolly Stellina , Singh Siddharth 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental effects of proposed actions and projects. Generally, an EIA is conducted before deciding to proceed with a specific project or activity. In India, the adoption of the Draft EIA Notification 2020 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has triggered several debates over its problematic implications. The Draft EIA Notification normalizes ex post facto clearance, which allows construction or operation of the project without a prior environmental clearance. It has significantly curtailed the scope of public consultation and participation by the introduction of a large number of exemptions for projects. Further, it is silent over the project’s transboundary impacts and exempts projects within 100 km of the border areas from public consultation. Thus, the Draft EIA Notification violates the environmental law principles provided under domestic and international laws by restricting adequate scrutiny of projects. The article critically evaluates the three significant dilutions that have threatened the effectiveness of the Draft EIA Notification including ex post facto clearance, public consultation, and the exemption granted to transboundary projects, and emphasizes its need for reconsideration before the publication of the final Notification.
New Perspectives on Ensemble Sensitivity Analysis with Applications to a Climatology of Severe Convection
Authors: Ancell Brian C. , Coleman Austin A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ensemble sensitivity analysis (ESA) is a statistical technique applied within an ensemble to reveal the atmospheric flow features that relate to a chosen aspect of the flow. Given its ease of use (it is simply a linear regression between a chosen function of the forecast variables and the entire atmospheric state earlier or simultaneously in time), ensemble sensitivity has been the focus of several studies over roughly the last 10 years. Such studies have primarily tried to understand the relevant dynamics and/or key precursors of high-impact weather events. Other applications of ESA have been more operationally oriented, including observation targeting within data assimilation systems and real-time adjustment techniques that attempt to utilize both sensitivity information and observations to improve forecasts. While ESA has gained popularity, its fundamental properties remain a substantially underutilized basis for realizing the technique’s full scientific potential. For example, the relationship between ensemble sensitivity and the pure dynamics of the system can teach us how to appropriately apply various sensitivity-based applications, and combining sensitivity with other ensemble properties such as spread can distinguish between a fluid dynamics problem and a predictability one. This work aims to present new perspectives on ensemble sensitivity, and clarify its fundamentals, with the hopes of making it a more accessible, attractive, and useful tool in the atmospheric sciences. These new perspectives are applied in part to a short climatology of severe convection forecasts to demonstrate the unique knowledge that can gained through broadened use of ESA.
Convective Couplings with Equatorial Rossby Waves and Equatorial Kelvin Waves. Part I: Coupled Wave Structures
Authors: Nakamura Yuhi , Takayabu Yukari N. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study investigates precipitation amounts and apparent heat sources, which are coupled with equatorial Kelvin waves and equatorial Rossby waves, using TRMM PR level 2 data products. The synoptic structures of wave disturbances are also studied using the ERA5 dataset. We define the wave phase of equatorial waves based on FFT-filtered brightness temperature and conduct composite analyses. Rossby waves show a vertically upright structure and their upright vortices induce large-amplitude column water vapor (CWV) anomalies. Precipitation activity is almost in phase with CWV, and thus is consistent with a moisture mode. Kelvin waves, on the other hand, indicate a nearly quadrature phase relationship between temperature and vertical velocity, like gravity wave structure. Specific humidity develops from near the surface to the middle troposphere as the Kelvin wave progresses. A clear negative CWV anomaly also does not exist despite the existence of negative precipitation anomalies. Convective activity corresponds well with its tilting structure of moisture and modulates the phase relationship between temperature and vertical motion. For both wave cases, apparent heat sources can amplify available potential energy despite the difference of coupling mechanisms of these two waves; precipitation is driven by CWV fluctuation for the Rossby wave case, and by buoyancy-based fluctuations for the Kelvin wave case. These can be observational evidence of actual coupling processes that is comparable to previous idealized studies.

Significance Statement
A coupling mechanism between equatorial waves and convective activity is a significant issue in tropical meteorology. While many previous idealized studies suggested some instability mechanisms, their true roles are not yet clear because detailed precipitation characteristics are not well investigated. We aim to quantify precipitation and synoptic-scale wave disturbances, and compare equatorial Rossby waves and equatorial Kelvin waves, which should have different instability coupling modes between each other, in order to shed light on a convectively coupling mechanism. We found that precipitation is actually driven by column moisture in Rossby waves and by dynamical fluctuation in Kelvin waves. Despite these competing mechanisms, similar top-heavy heating can maintain convectively coupled disturbances. Our observational results will support and improve theoretical studies.
Effects of Age on Delayed Facial Palsy After Otologic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lovin Benjamin D. , Sweeney Alex D. , Chapel Alyssa Claire , Alfonso Kristan , Govil Nandini , Liu Yi-Chun Carol 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To report 4 cases of delayed facial palsy (DFP) after pediatric middle ear (ME) surgery and systematically review and analyze the associated literature to evaluate the effects of age on DFP etiology, management, and prognosis. Methods: Systematic review of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase for articles related to DFP after cochlear implantation (CI) was performed. These articles were assessed for level of evidence, methodological limitations, and number of cases. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the effects of age on DFP incidence. Furthermore, a comprehensive list of all pediatric DFP cases after otologic surgery was assembled through a multi-institutional retrospective review and systematic review of the literature. Results: Twenty-nine articles fit the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The incidence of DFP after CI was 0.23% and 1.01% for pediatric and adult cases, respectively. This difference was statistically significant ( P < .001, odds ratio 4.36). Twenty-three cases, adding to the 4 presented herein, were suitable for a comprehensive list. The mean age was 6.9 years. Average postoperative day of paresis onset was 5.4, with an average maximum House–Brackmann grade of 3.5. All patients obtained full facial recovery after an average of 23.5 days. Conclusions: The systematic review demonstrates that DFP after pediatric CI is rare and occurs at a significantly lower rate than in adults, further supporting the viral reactivation hypothesis of DFP. The prognosis for pediatric DFP after otologic surgery is excellent, with a high rate of full recovery in a short time frame. However, steroid administration can be considered. Level of evidence: IIa
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Titration During Pediatric Drug Induced Sleep Endoscopy
Authors: Adler Adam C. , Chandrakantan Arvind , Musso Mary Frances 
Published: October 2021

Objective: To observe the degree of airway collapse at varying levels of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during drug pediatric induced sleep endoscopy. Methods: Using our institutional anesthesia protocol for pediatric DISE procedures, patients were anesthetized followed by evaluation of the nasal airway, nasopharynx, velum, hypopharynx, arytenoids, tongue base, and epiglottis. CPAP titration was performed under vision to evaluate the degree of airway collapse at the level of the velum. Comparison was made with pre-operative polysomnography findings. Results: Twelve pediatric patients underwent DISE with intraoperative CPAP titration. In 7/12 patients, DISE observed CPAP titration was beneficial in elucidating areas of obstruction that were observed at pressures beyond those recommended during preoperative sleep study titrations. In 3 patients, DISE observations provided a basis for evaluation in children not compliant with sleep study CPAP titration testing. With regard to regions effected, airway collapse was observed at the velum and oropharynx to a greater degree when compared with the tongue base and epiglottis. Conclusion: DISE evaluation of the pediatric patient with obstructive sleep apnea may present a source for further patient evaluation with respect to CPAP optimization and severity of OSA assessment, particularly in syndromic patients.
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Gingiva: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Seo Gabriella T. , Xing Monica H. , Mundi Neil , Matloob Ammar , Khorsandi Azita S. , Urken Mark L. 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a commonly encountered salivary gland malignancy. However, it rarely occurs in the gingiva, an area generally thought to be devoid of minor salivary glands. We present a case occurring in this unusual site and review other reported cases. Methods: A 56 year-old male presented with a right-sided mandibular toothache for 1 year and underwent dental extraction. Due to persistent pain, follow up examination revealed a large gingival lesion. A biopsy was positive for adenoid cystic carcinoma. Results: The patient underwent a complete right segmental mandibulectomy and was reconstructed with a fibular osteocutaneous free flap. Three months postoperatively, during the planning for adjuvant radiation therapy, the patient developed pain in the left mandible. Imaging revealed extensive involvement of the left native mandible. Deep bone biopsies in several areas of the left mandible revealed ACC. He then underwent a complete left hemi-mandibulectomy and reconstruction with a fibular osteocutaneous free flap. Tensor fascia lata suspension slings were placed due to concern for an open mouth deformity attributable to disruption of bilateral masticator slings. He will undergo adjuvant radiation therapy. Our review of the literature revealed 50 cases of gingival ACC published since 1972. Disease recurrence and distant metastases were noted in several patients, occurring at the latest after 30 years follow-up. Conclusions: Given its indolent behavior, high proclivity for late recurrence and metastasis, and overall infrequency, ACC represents a pathology that requires early diagnosis and comprehensive long-term surveillance. While ACC is well described in oral cavity sites with high densities of minor salivary glands, it is not commonly seen in the gingiva. As such, gingival ACC may display a unique biological and/or clinical character. We offer the first literature review of this rare entity.