bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Country‐wide flood exposure analysis using Sentinel‐1 synthetic aperture radar data: Case study of 2019 Iran flood
Authors: Sherpa Sonam Futi , Shirzaei Manoochehr 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExtreme precipitation and flooding often lead to human and economic losses. However, the high‐resolution nationwide flooding exposure data are scarce. Availability of all‐weather space‐borne SAR satellite data can potentially improve the ability to generate high‐resolution flood map extent and exposure globally. In Iran, flooding is a major concern, given the socioeconomic vulnerabilities and increased likelihood of climate extremes. Iran experienced extreme flooding during January to March 2019, attributed to significant precipitation during October 2018 to March 2019, which is well above the long‐term averages for 1999–2019. Using Pettitt and Mann Kendall tests, nationwide precipitation records were identified by significant decreasing and increasing trends in north and south, respectively. Utilizing 673 Sentinel‐1 SAR intensity images, we applied a fast‐marching algorithm for image segmentation in combination with a Bayesian framework to obtain high‐resolution probabilistic flood maps. We found, 22, 9, and 15 states in January, February, and March, respectively, experienced flooding that covered >15% of their area with high flooded area percent in the northwestern and southeastern region. We estimated that >15, >11.32, and >11.33 million people were exposed to floods in January, February, and March, respectively. Our datasets inform flooding models and management efforts under increasing climate extremes and changing land use and cover.
Arabidopsis F‐BOX STRESS INDUCED 4 is required to repress excessive divisions in stomatal development
Authors: Li Yi , Xue Shan , He Qixiumei , Wang Junxue , Zhu Lingling , Zou Junjie , Zhang Jie , Zuo Chaoran , Fan Zhibin , Yue Junling , Zhang Chunxia , Yang Kezhen , Le Jie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring the terminal stage of stomatal development, the R2R3‐MYB transcription factors FOUR LIPS (FLP/MYB124) and MYB88 limit guard mother cell division by repressing the transcript levels of multiple cell‐cycle genes. In Arabidopsis thaliana possessing the weak allele flp‐1, an extra guard mother cell division results in two stomata having direct contact. Here, we identified an ethylmethane sulfonate‐mutagenized mutant, flp‐1 xs01c, which exhibited more severe defects than flp‐1 alone, producing giant tumor‐like cell clusters. XS01C, encoding F‐BOX STRESS‐INDUCED 4 (FBS4), is preferentially expressed in epidermal stomatal precursor cells. Overexpressing FBS4 rescued the defective stomatal phenotypes of flp‐1 xs01c and flp‐1 mutants. The deletion or substitution of a conserved residue (Proline166) within the F‐box domain of FBS4 abolished or reduced, respectively, its interaction with Arabidopsis Skp1‐Like1 (ASK1), the core subunit of the Skp1/Cullin/F‐box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Furthermore, the FBS4 protein physically interacted with CYCA2;3 and induced its degradation through the ubiquitin‐26S proteasome pathway. Thus, in addition to the known transcriptional pathway, the terminal symmetric division in stomatal development is ensured at the post‐translational level, such as through the ubiquitination of target proteins recognized by the stomatal lineage F‐box protein FBS4.
Feral Animals, Rastrojo, and Dispossession: Images of the Afterlives of War in Bajo Atrato, Colombia
Authors: Ruiz‐Serna Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article examines the ruinous traces left by armed conflict in the villages of Afro‐Colombian rural peoples living in Bajo Atrato, a region located in the Colombian Pacific lowlands. Through a set of images that illustrate the way animals and plants participate in the decline of abandoned houses and fields, I argue that war is not just a phenomenon unfolding in particular places but rather a force producing such places. Attention to the lasting effects produced by rubble, resurgent forests, feral animals, and trees pocked from gunfire compels us to reconsider how to assess the environmental impacts of war.
Monophasic versus biphasic hyaluronic acid filler for correcting nasolabial folds: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ghaddaf Abdullah A. , Aljefri Yara E. , Alharbi Fahad A. , Sharif Rahaf K. , Alnahdi Wejdan A. , Baaqeel Rasha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are the most popular dermal fillers for wrinkle correction and facial rejuvenation. Recently, there has been an interest toward classifying HA fillers based on the cross‐linking properties into monophasic (MHA) and biphasic (BHA) fillers. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety outcomes between MHA and BHA fillers for the correction of nasolabial folds (NLFs).MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared MHA filler to BHA filler for individuals with moderate‐to‐severe bilateral NLFs. We sought to evaluate the following outcomes: Wrinkle severity rating scale (WSRS), pain on visual analog scale (VAS), global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS), and adverse events. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to represent continuous outcomes while risk ratio (RR) was used to represent dichotomous outcomes.ResultsA total of 11 RCTs that enrolled 935 participants deemed eligible. MHA filler revealed a significant improvement in the overall WSRS score and GAIS score compared to BHA filler (SMD = −0.38, 95% CI −0.49 to −0.27 and SMD = 0.34, 95% CI 0.24–0.45, respectively). No significant difference was noted between MHA and BHA fillers in terms of pain score or adverse events (SMD = −0.39, 95% CI −0.81–0.03 and RR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.89–1.12, respectively).ConclusionsMHA filler showed discernable cosmetic results and comparable effective and tolerability to BHA filler.
A review on the elasticity of unemployment duration to the potential duration of unemployment benefits
Authors: Lopes Marta C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I present an exhaustive literature review on the empirical work that estimated the impact of the potential duration of unemployment insurance on unemployment duration, measured in a week‐to‐week elasticity. For each study, I include information on data—county, period of analysis, type of database, gender, and age, estimation—estimation model, unobserved heterogeneity, and source of identification, and average effect. The range of estimates is wide: from 0.02 to 1.3 weeks for each additional week of potential duration. This review suggests that larger estimates belong to studies analyzing North America before the 1990s, Europe in more recent periods, survey data, female, older individuals, using other estimation techniques than survival analysis, or survival analysis that account for unobserved heterogeneity.
Antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with myocardial infarction with and without obstructive coronary arteries
Authors: Svenungsson Elisabet , Spaak Jonas , Strandberg Karin , Wallén Håkan N. , Agewall Stefan , Brolin Elin B. , Collste Olov , Daniel Maria , Ekenbäck Christina , Frick Mats , Henareh Loghman , Malmqvist Karin , Elvin Kerstin , Sörensson Peder , Y‐Hassan Shams , Hofman‐Bang Claes , Tornvall Per 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies demonstrate that prothrombotic antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are overrepresented in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) due to coronary artery disease (MICAD). However, it is not known whether aPL differ between the two subsets of MI: MICAD and MI with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA).ObjectivesTo determine whether aPL are associated with MINOCA or MICAD, or with hypercoagulability as assessed by activated protein C–protein C inhibitor (APC–PCI) complex.MethodsWell‐characterized patients with MINOCA (n = 98), age‐ and gender‐matched patients with MICAD (n = 99), and healthy controls (n = 100) were included in a cross‐sectional case–control study. Autoantibodies (IgA/G/M) targeting cardiolipin and β2glycoprotein‐I and specific nuclear antigens were analyzed by multiplexed bead technology. The concentration of APC–PCI was determined as a measure of hypercoagulability by an immunofluorometric sandwich assay.ResultsBoth prevalence and titers of aPL of the IgG isotype (anti‐cardiolipin and/or anti‐β2glycoprotein‐I) were higher in patients with MINOCA and MICAD than in controls. aPL IgG positivity was twice as frequent among patients with MICAD than MINOCA (11% vs. 6%, nonsignificant). We observed no group differences regarding aPL IgA/M or antibodies targeting specific nuclear antigens. Levels of APC–PCI were elevated in aPL IgG‐positive compared to aPL IgG‐negative MICAD patients.ConclusionsaPL IgG, but not IgA/M, are enriched particularly in patients with MICAD but also in patients with MINOCA, as compared to controls. Interestingly, signs of hypercoagulability—measured by increased levels of the APC–PCI complex—were present in aPL IgG‐positive MICAD patients, indicating an association with functional disturbances of the coagulation system.
Evaluation of different artificial light technologies for indoor aquaponic production of Bibb lettuce, Lactuca sativa var. capitata, and compact basil, Ocimum basilicum var. Genovese
Authors: Shultz R. Charles , Coyle Shawn D. , Bright Leigh Anne , Hager Janelle V. , Tidwell James H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAquaponic production in temperate climates is often conducted in insulated buildings to reduce heating costs and therefore must rely on artificial lighting to replace natural sunlight. However, there are several different light technologies available to producers. We conducted two aquaponic growth trials to compare four lighting technologies for the indoor production of Bibb lettuce, Lactuca sativa var. capitata (Trial 1), and basil, Ocimum basilicum var. Genovese (Trial 2). Light types evaluated included metal halide (MH), fluorescent (FLO), light‐emitting diode (LED), and induction (IND). Using a complete block design, each of the four identical aquaponic systems included all four light types. Juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, (Trial 1:145 g; Trial 2:169 g) were stocked into each replicate system and fed at a rate of 60 g feed m−2 of plant grow‐space per day. In Trial 1, Bibb lettuce plants grown under LED lights had significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) average individual weights (164 g), higher production per unit area (3118 g m−2), and higher production per unit energy (84 g m−2 kWh−1) compared to those grown under the other light types. Bibb lettuce grown under IND and FLO lights had significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) average individual weights (82.0 and 78.0 g, respectively) and production per unit of area (1762 and 1700 g m−2, respectively) than those grown under MH lights (1382 g m−2). In Trial 2, Basil grown under LED lights had significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) average individual weights (188 g), production per unit area (4970 m−2), and production per unit of energy (1483 g m−2 kWh−1) than basil grown under the other three light types. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in average individual weight or production per unit area among basil plants grown under MH, IND or FLO. Analysis of leaf tissues indicated several statistically significant differences among the light treatments. However, the actual magnitudes of these differences were relatively small. Evaluation of emitted wavelengths indicate that production differences may be related to the amount of red light spectra (600–699 nm), and the ratio of red light to blue light (400–499 nm) (R:B ratio) produced by the different light types. The LED had a greater production of red spectra and higher R:B ratios than other lights which appears to be advantageous for growth of Bibb lettuce and basil.
Big five personality traits and retirement decisions
Authors: Lucifora Claudio , Repetto Martina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe estimate the effect of the Big Five personality traits on the retirement decisions of individuals aged between 50 and 80 years in fourteen European countries, using wave 7 from the SHARE data. We investigate the probability of retirement and a measure of the distance between actual retirement and ordinary retirement age. Overall, we find that personality affects retirement decisions, and the effects are similar across gender. Openness to experience, conscientiousness and extraversion are generally associated with a delay in retirement decisions, whereas neuroticism anticipates the exit from the labour market.
Bioremediation: an alternative approach for detoxification of polymers from the contaminated environment
Authors: Borthakur D. , Rani M. , Das K. , Shah M.P. , Sharma B.K. , Kumar A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The industries and metropolitan wastes produced by anthropogenic activities are of great concern for nature as it causes soil contamination and deteriorate the environment. Plastic utilization is rapidly enhancing globally with passing days that last for a more extended period in the environment due to slow decomposition and natural degradation. Excessive use of polymer has risked the life of both marine, freshwater and terrestrial organisms. Lack of proper waste management and inappropriate disposal leads to environmental threats. Bioremediation processes involve microbes such as fungi, bacteria, etc. which contribute a crucial role in the breakdown of plastics. Extremophiles secrete extremozymes that are functionally active in extreme conditions and are highly crucial for polymer disaggregation in those conditions.
An in vitro biofilm model system to facilitate study of microbial communities of the human oral cavity
Authors: An S.-Q. , Hull R. , Metris A. , Barrett P. , Webb J.S. , Stoodley P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe human oral cavity is host to a diverse microbiota. Much of what is known about the behaviour of oral microbes derives from studies of individual or several cultivated species, situations which do not totally reflect the function of organisms within more complex microbiota or multispecies biofilms. The number of validated models that allow examination of the role that biofilms play during oral cavity colonization is also limited. The CDC biofilm reactor is a standard method that has been deployed to study interactions between members of human microbiotas allowing studies to be completed during an extended period under conditions where nutrient availability, and washout of waste products are controlled. The objective of this work was to develop a robust in vitro biofilm-model system from a pooled saliva inoculum to study the development, reproducibility and stability of the oral microbiota. By employing deep sequencing of the variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, we found that the CDC biofilm reactor could be used to efficiently cultivate microbiota containing all six major phyla previously identified as the core saliva microbiota. After an acclimatisation period, communities in each reactor stabilised. Replicate reactors were predominately populated by a shared core microbiota; variation between replicate reactors was primarily driven by shifts in abundance of shared operational taxonomic units. We conclude that the CDC biofilm reactor can be used to cultivate communities that replicate key features of the human oral cavity and is a useful tool to facilitate studies of the dynamics of these communities.
Developing an Educational Neuroscience of Category Learning
Authors: Goldwater Micah B. , Hilton Courtney , Davis Tyler H. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThere is a disconnect between neuroscience research on concept learning and representation (focusing on categories of concrete objects), and concept learning challenges in science education (which concern systems of causal relationships among objects and events). Bridging this gap will both inform theories of science learning and expand our understanding about how the brain learns and represents knowledge. We examine both literatures, point to where they converge and diverge, and offer paths forward for collaboration between science educators and cognitive neuroscientists to the benefit of each. In cognitive neuroscience, we describe advances in neuroimaging analyses based on cognitive models that directly relate cognitive processes to neural activity. Adapting science education content to support these model‐based analyses offers unique opportunities to answer open questions about the cognition behind successful science learning. Further, adapting educational materials for use in neuroimaging may create useful learning exercises that offer unique affordances complementing typical classroom activities.
Lifespan and telomere length variation across populations of wild‐derived African killifish
Authors: Reichard Martin , Giannetti Kety , Ferreira Tania , Maouche Ahmed , Vrtílek Milan , Polačik Matej , Blažek Radim , Ferreira Miguel Godinho 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTelomeres and telomerase prevent the continuous erosion of chromosome‐ends caused by lifelong cell division. Shortened telomeres are associated with age‐related pathologies. While short telomere length is positively correlated with increased lethality at the individual level, in comparisons across species short telomeres are associated with long (and not short) lifespans. Here, we tested this contradiction between individual and evolutionary patterns in telomere length using African annual killifish. We analysed lifespan and telomere length in a set of captive strains derived from well‐defined wild populations of Nothobranchius furzeri and its sister species, N. kadleci, from sites along a strong gradient of aridity which ultimately determines maximum natural lifespan. Overall, males were shorter‐lived than females, and also had shorter telomeres. Male lifespan (measured in controlled laboratory conditions) was positively associated with the amount of annual rainfall in the site of strain origin. However, fish from wetter climates had shorter telomeres. In addition, individual fish which grew largest over the juvenile period possessed shorter telomeres at the onset of adulthood. This demonstrates that individual condition and environmentally‐driven selection indeed modulate the relationship between telomere length and lifespan in opposite directions, validating the existence of inverse trends within a single taxon. Intraindividual heterogeneity of telomere length (capable to detect very short telomeres) was not associated with mean telomere length, suggesting that the shortest telomeres are controlled by regulatory pathways other than those that determine mean telomere length. The substantial variation in telomere length between strains from different environments identifies killifish as a powerful system in understanding the adaptive value of telomere length.
Organic acid, a virulence factor for pathogenic fungi, causing postharvest decay in fruits
Authors: Jiao Wenxiao , Liu Xin , Li Youyuan , Li Boqiang , Du Yamin , Zhang Zhanquan , Chen Qingmin , Fu Maorun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDecay due to fungal infection is a major cause of postharvest losses in fruits. Acidic fungi may enhance their virulence by locally reducing the pH of the host. Several devastating postharvest fungi, such as Penicillium spp., Botrytis cinerea, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, can secrete gluconic acid, oxalic acid, or citric acid. Emerging evidence suggests that organic acids secreted by acidic fungi are important virulence factors. In this review, we summarized the research progress on the biosynthesis of organic acids, the role of the pH signalling transcription factor PacC in regulating organic acid, and the action mechanism of the main organic acid secreted via postharvest pathogenic fungi during infection of host tissues. This paper systematically demonstrates the relationships between tissue acidification and postharvest fungal pathogenicity, which will motivate the study of host–pathogen interactions and provide a better understanding of virulence mechanisms of the pathogens so as to design new technical strategies to prevent postharvest diseases.
Concurrent tau pathologies in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP‐43 pathology
Authors: Koga Shunsuke , Zhou Xiaolai , Murakami Aya , Fernandez De Castro Cristhoper , Baker Matthew C. , Rademakers Rosa , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsAccumulating evidence suggests that patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) can have pathologic accumulation of multiple proteins, including tau and TDP‐43. This study aimed to determine the frequency and characteristics of concurrent tau pathology in FTLD with TDP‐43 pathology (FTLD‐TDP).MethodsThe study included 146 autopsy‐confirmed cases of FTLD‐TDP and 55 cases of FTLD‐TDP with motor neuron disease (FTLD‐MND). Sections from the basal forebrain were screened for tau pathology with phosphorylated‐tau immunohistochemistry. For cases with tau pathology on the screening section, additional brain sections were studied to establish a diagnosis. Genetic analysis of C9orf72, GRN and MAPT was performed on select cases.ResultsWe found 72 cases (36%) with primary age‐related tauopathy (PART), 85 (42%) with ageing‐related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG), 45 (22%) with argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) and 2 cases (1%) with corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Patients with ARTAG or AGD were significantly older than those without these comorbidities. One of the patients with FTLD‐TDP and CBD had C9orf72 mutation and relatively mild tau pathology, consistent with incidental CBD.ConclusionThe coexistence of TDP‐43 and tau pathologies was relatively common, particularly PART and ARTAG. Although rare, patients with FTLD can have multiple neurodegenerative proteinopathies. The absence of TDP‐43‐positive astrocytic plaques may suggest that CBD and FTLD‐TDP were independent disease processes in the two patients with both tau and TDP‐43 pathologies. It remains to be determined if mixed cases represent a unique disease process or two concurrent disease processes in an individual.
Combinatorial model of amyloid β and tau reveals synergy between amyloid deposits and tangle formation
Authors: Koller Emily J. , Ibanez Kristen R. , Vo Quan , McFarland Karen N. , Gonzalez De La Cruz Elsa , Zobel Lillian , Williams Tristan , Xu Guilian , Ryu Daniel , Patel Preya , Giasson Benoit I. , Prokop Stefan , Chakrabarty Paramita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsTo illuminate the pathological synergy between Aβ and tau leading to emergence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), here, we have performed a comparative neuropathological study utilising three distinctive variants of human tau (WT tau, P301L mutant tau and S320F mutant tau). Previously, in non‐transgenic mice, we showed that WT tau or P301L tau does not form NFT while S320F tau can spontaneously aggregate into NFT, allowing us to test the selective vulnerability of these different tau conformations to the presence of Aβ plaques.MethodsWe injected recombinant AAV‐tau constructs into neonatal APP transgenic TgCRND8 mice or into 3‐month‐old TgCRND8 mice; both cohorts were aged 3 months post injection. This allowed us to test how different tau variants synergise with soluble forms of Aβ (pre‐deposit cohort) or with frank Aβ deposits (post‐deposit cohort).ResultsExpression of WT tau did not produce NFT or altered Aβ in either cohort. In the pre‐deposit cohort, S320F tau induced Aβ plaque deposition, neuroinflammation and synaptic abnormalities, suggesting that early tau tangles affect the amyloid cascade. In the post‐deposit cohort, contemporaneous expression of S320F tau did not exacerbate amyloid pathology, showing a dichotomy in Aβ‐tau synergy based on the nature of Aβ. P301L tau produced NFT‐type inclusions in the post‐deposit cohort, but not in the pre‐deposit cohort, indicating pathological synergy with pre‐existing Aβ deposits.ConclusionsOur data show that different tau mutations representing specific folding variants of tau synergise with Aβ to different extents, depending on the presence of cerebral deposits.