bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das AEIOU-Modell: Gesundheitsverhalten mit Erkenntnissen der
Verhaltenswissenschaften effektiv in der Praxis steuern
Authors: Krisam Mathias , Kuhn Eva 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Arbeit Der Einsatz von Verhaltenswissenschaften (engl.
‚Behavioural Insights (BI)̒) erhält zunehmend Aufmerksamkeit in
der deutschen Gesundheitslandschaft. Englischsprachige Modelle geben
Hilfestellung in der Anwendung von Erkenntnissen der Verhaltenswissenschaften.
Allerdings gibt es bisher noch kein Modell, welches (1) spezifisch für
den Gesundheitsbereich geeignet ist und (2) auf deutscher Sprache aufbaut. Ziel
war deshalb die Entwicklung eines umfassenden deutschsprachigen
verhaltenswissenschaftlich basierten Modells für Maßnahmen zur
Änderung des Gesundheitsverhaltens.
Methodik Die Entwicklungsbasis bilden die beiden Modelle MINDSPACE und
EAST, sowie eigene Praxiserfahrungen der Autor*innen.
Ergebnisse Das entwickelte AEIOU-Modell besteht aus fünf
Kategorien mit insgesamt 20 Instrumenten. Die Kategorien umfassen (1) Ansprache,
(2) Einfachheit, (3) Incentivierung, (4) Orientierung sowie (5)
Unmittelbarkeit.
Schlussfolgerung Das AEIOU-Modell bildet die Grundlage für die
erste deutschsprachige Zusammenstellung von möglichen
verhaltenswissenschaftlich basierten Anwendungen bei der Entwicklung von
Interventionen im Gesundheitsbereich. Das Modell soll nun in der Praxis erprobt
und auf seinen Nutzen getestet werden.
Improvement of Chronic Wound Healing by Pre-activated Bone Marrow
Cells with Sodium Nitroprusside in Rabbits
Authors: Fatima Nazira , Saleem Muhammad , Shahbaz Umar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aim of study This study investigated whether pre-activated bone marrow
cells with sodium nitro prusside have effectiveness in the inhibition of
diabetic wound healing in diabetic rabbits. In diabetic skin disorders and
conditions involved redox state disturbances. The aim was to determine the
effect of two minimum dosages of sodium nitro prusside, and its’
potential with bone marrow cells for chronic wound healing in-vivo.
Methods Full-thickness skin dorsal wounds were created on diabetic
rabbits. The effects of two minimum concentrations of sodium nitro prusside
solution with bone marrow cells on wound healing were studied. The useful
combination of sodium nitro prusside with bone marrow cells on wound repair may
be attributed to its functional influences on inflammation, angiogenesis, cell
proliferation, matrix deposition, and remodeling.
Results The in-vivo experiments confirmed that pre-activated bone marrow
cells contributed to wound healing by alleviating oxidative stress, increasing
proliferation and migration, decreasing apoptosis. In histological results,
improved collagen deposition, enhanced re-epithelization, angiogenesis, and
decreased inflammatory infiltration were also detected in wound biopsies.
Conclusions For the treatment of chronic wounds, cell-based therapy was an
attractive approach. Bone marrow cells have a low ability to differentiate
various types of cells or late healing without pretreatment. So it was needed to
increase their potency of differentiation. The transplantation of pretreated
bone marrow cells with a prime quantity of sodium nitro prusside solution
improved chronic wound healing with a greater level of growth factors and a
minimum level of oxidative stress.
Positionspapier: Empfehlungen zur Anwendung von Omalizumab bei chronischer Rhinosinusitis mit Polyposis nasi (CRSwNP) im deutschen Gesundheitssystem – Empfehlungen des Ärzteverbandes Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA) und der AGs Klinische Immunologie, Allergologie und Umweltmedizin und Rhinologie und Rhinochirurgie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie (DGHNOKHC)
Authors: Klimek L. , Förster-Ruhrmann U. , Beule A. G. , Chaker A. M. , Hagemann J. , Huppertz T. , Hoffmann T. K. , Dazert S. , Deitmer T. , Olze H. , Strieth S. , Wrede H. , Schlenter W. , Welkoborsky H. J. , Wollenberg B. , Becker S. , Rudack C. , Wagenmann M. , Bergmann C. , Bachert C. 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Die chronische Rhinosinusitis mit Nasenpolypen (CRSwNP) ist eine multifaktorielle entzündliche Erkrankung der paranasalen Schleimhäute, der als Endotyp meistens eine TH2-Inflammation zugrunde liegt. IgE-Antikörper spielen dabei eine wichtige Rolle. Der anti-IgE-Antikörper Omalizumab wurde im August 2020 für die Therapie der schweren CRSwNP zugelassen.Methoden In einer Literatursuche wurde die Immunologie der CRSwNP analysiert und die Evidenz zur Wirkung von Omalizumab bei dieser Erkrankung ermittelt durch Recherchen in Medline, Pubmed sowie den nationalen und internationalen Studien- und Leitlinien-Registern und der Cochrane Library.Ergebnisse Basierend auf diesen Angaben aus der internationalen Literatur werden von einem Expertengremium Empfehlungen für die Anwendung von Omalizumab bei CRSwNP im deutschen Gesundheitssystem gegeben.Schlussfolgerung Omalizumab ist zugelassen für Patienten ab 18 Jahren mit schwerer chronischer Rhinosinusitis mit Nasenpolypen als Zusatztherapie zu intranasalen Kortikosteroiden (INCS), wenn durch eine Therapie mit INCS keine ausreichende Krankheitskontrolle erzielt werden kann.
Can Intubation Be Improved with Endotracheal Tubes Marked with a Color Scale? Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Berazategui Juan P. , Larcade Ramon P. , Fernández Ariel L. , Soria Rose M. , Castro Adriana A. , Ávila Aldana S. , Vain Nestor E. 
Published: September 2021

Objective This study aimed to assess if a color scale in the endotracheal tube (ETT) can help operators to correctly select the size and depth of placement of the ETT and decrease the time required to complete the procedure and compared with the usual numeric ETT scale in a mannequin model.
Study Design The study was conducted in eight centers. Each size of the ETT was identified with a different color. The experimental ETTs had two different colored areas, one for the mouthpiece and another to identify where the ETT should be taped above the lip (an area of 1 cm. The operators were trained as part of the protocol using an instructional video. Four clinical scenarios requiring endotracheal intubation were designed and randomly assigned. Each operator had to select the size and depth of ETT based on the birth weight (BW), and then had to perform four intubations.
Results A total of 108 operators performed 432 intubations. No differences were found in the correct placement and selection of the ETT. Median time (in seconds) required for intubation using numeric versus experimental tube was: for ETT Ø NRP (Neonatal Resuscitation Program) 2.5, 11.5 versus 8 (p < 0.001), ETT Ø 3, 12 versus 10 (p < 0.001), ETT Ø 3.5, 15.5 versus12 (p = 0.003), ETT Ø 4, 12 versus11 (p = 0.019).
Conclusion No significant difference was observed in the selection and correct placement of the ETT. However, the intubation time was significantly shorter using the experimental ETT. This device could improve the effectiveness of intubation by reducing the time needed to properly place the ETT at mid trachea.
Key Points
Reconstrucción en amputaciones distales de dedos en niños con injerto compuesto y vendaje semioclusivo
Authors: Méndez Manuel Alfonso , Aguirre Daniela , Méndez Magdalena 
Published: September 2021

ResumenLa reconstrucción de una amputación distal de dedo en un niño es un desafío. Los procedimientos propuestos son muchos, y los resultados no han sido buenos. La reconstrucción con reposición del segmento a modo de injerto compuesto, o con técnicas microquirúrgicas, parece ofrecer la mejor de las posibilidades, pues se conservan estructuras irremplazables, como el lecho ungueal y el hiponiquio, lo que permite que los niños mantengan un pulpejo anatómico y con función normal. Presentamos una serie de tres pacientes pediátricos tratados con una nueva técnica, que combina la reposición del segmento, como un injerto compuesto, y el uso de curación semioclusiva (composite autograft and semi-oclussive dressing, CASOD, en inglés). Hemos observado buenos resultados.
Tendencia temporal y evaluación demográfica de hospitalizaciones por osteoartritis
Authors: Escudero-Acurio Pablo Sebastián , Aracena José Pablo , Arevalo Marcos Ignacio , Escudero Carlos Alonso 
Published: September 2021

ResumenObjetivo Describir la tendencia temporal de osteoartritis (OA) según egresos hospitalarios considerando ubicación anatómica, distribución por sexo, edad, condiciones más frecuentes, y ubicación geográfica en Chile entre los años 2012 y 2018.Metodología Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, poblacional, que analizó las bases de datos públicas del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información en Salud (DEIS) del Ministerio de Salud de Chile, en particular los registros con codificación de M15 a M19. Se calcularon las tasas por 100 mil egresos hospitalarios, así como también el porcentaje de OA según las categorías analizadas.Resultados Se encontraron 11.622.605 egresos hospitalarios entre 2012 y 2018. El número total de egresos hospitalarios por OA fue de 78.700. Se observó que la distribución por sexo fue similar a lo largo de los años (∼ 40% y 60% en hombres y mujeres, respectivamente). El rango de edad más afectado fue el de 65 a 79 años, cuya tasa promedio fue de 2.046 por 100 mil egresos; además, fue el grupo que presentó el mayor aumento (60%) en su tasa de 2012 a 2018. La Región Metropolitana (291,7 egresos) y de Valparaíso (89,6 egresos) presentaron las tasas más altas. La cadera (56,6%) y la rodilla (31%) fueron las ubicaciones más frecuentes de casos de OA, con distribución similar por sexo, edad y geografía en comparación a los egresos totales por OA.Conclusiones Los egresos hospitalarios por OA en Chile aumentaron entre 2012 y 2018, preferencialmente en casos de OA en las articulaciones de cadera y rodilla en el grupo de mujeres de edad avanzada de la zona centro del país.Nivel de evidencia: Estudio descriptivo
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients with Peritoneal Tuberculosis Mimicking Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Maheshwari Amita , Gupta Sudeep , Rai Shweta , Rekhi Bharat , Kelkar Rohini , Shylasree TS , Menon Santosh , Deodhar Kedar , Thakur Meenakshi , Das Ushasree , Gupta Stuti , Tandon Sandeep 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives Peritoneal tuberculosis can mimic advanced abdominal malignancy. We describe clinical and laboratory characteristics in a series of female patients with peritoneal tuberculosis who were referred to a tertiary cancer center with a diagnosis of suspected advanced ovarian/primary peritoneal cancer.
Materials and Methods Details of clinical features, laboratory results including serum tumor markers, radiological findings, and ascitic fluid evaluation were retrospectively collected from hospital records for patients diagnosed to have peritoneal tuberculosis and reported descriptively.
Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS Statistics for Windows software, version 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois).
Results Between January 2009 and December 2017, 120 patients of peritoneal tuberculosis with a median age 41 years (range, 15–79 years) were identified. Of these 112 (93.3%; 95% CI 88.9–97.8%) patients had ascites and 63 (52.5%; 95% CI 43.6–61.4%) had adnexal mass at presentation. Mean serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) level was 666.9 (range, 38–18,554) U/mL. Ascitic fluid was negative for malignant cells in all patients and lymphocyte rich exudate was seen in 103 (91.9%; 86.9–97.0%) patients. Ascitic fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) level was more than 40 U/L in 107 (95.5%; 95% CI 91.7–99.4%). Ascitic fluid Ziel–Neelsen staining was positive in 4/62 (6.5%; 95% CI 0.3–12.6%) patients while ascitic fluid culture examination for mycobacterium tuberculosis was positive in 7/59 (11.9%; 95% CI 3.6–20.1%) patients. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was based on image-guided biopsy in 44 (36.7%) patients, surgical biopsy in 8 (6.7%) patients, and a combination of clinicoradiological and laboratory features in 68 (56.7%) patients. All patients received standard antitubercular treatment.
Conclusions The study results suggest that peritoneal tuberculosis has clinical, radiological, and serological profile which may mimic advanced ovarian/primary peritoneal cancer. Peritoneal tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of advanced abdominal malignancy.
Three-dimensional vortex characterization in small intracranial aneurysms based on four dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla
Authors: Zhou Ang , Jagadeesan Bharathi D. , Moen Sean L. , Grande Andrew W. , Van de Moortele Pierre-Francois 
Published: September 2021

Effective vectors and approaches are proposed to identify the three-dimensional (3D) vortex motion in small intracranial aneurysms (≤7 mm) based on four dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T. Six subjects with small intracranial aneurysms were scanned. The 3D vortex identification vector Γ2⃗ and scalar Ω are computed with velocity vectors. The high Γ2,magnitude region is defined using region growing based on the threshold value determined by an empirical nonlinear relation between Γ2,magnitude and the scalar Ω inside the aneurysmal sac, while the threshold of Ω = 0.6 is used to define the high Ω region. The spatially averaged vector Γ2⃗ and the vorticity vector ω⃗ over the defined high Γ2,magnitude and Ω regions are found to denote the corresponding vortex motion directions, respectively. With these two vectors, the 3D vector Γ1⃗ is invoked to localize vortex motion centers. Threshold values of region growing for the high Γ2,magnitude region from the nonlinear relation for each subject are in the range of 0.51 and 0.59. The volume of the defined high Γ2,magnitude region is close to that of the defined high Ω region. The angle between the generated two averaged vectors Γ2⃗ and ω⃗ is small for all subjects, with the maximum being 9.17°. The located vortex motion centers from Γ1⃗ based on Γ2⃗ and Ω(ω) are the same for each subject inside the aneurysm. The small angle between the two averaged vectors and the located same vortex center supports the effectiveness of the proposed method to characterize vortices in small unruptured intracranial aneurysms.
Fe-catalyzed sulfide oxidation in hydrothermal plumes is a source of reactive oxygen species to the ocean
Authors: Shaw Timothy J. , Luther George W. , Rosas Richard , Oldham Véronique E. , Coffey Nicole R. , Ferry John L. , Dias Dewamunnage M. C. , Yücel Mustafa , Thibault de Chanvalon Aubin 
Published: September 2021

Significance
The Fe-catalyzed oxidation of sulfide by dioxygen in hydrothermal vent plumes is shown to be a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the deep ocean. ROS are a class of powerful oxidants, the most reactive of which can react with recalcitrant organic molecules at near diffusion limited rates. ROS production in hydrothermal systems may be comparable to the known photochemical yields of ROS in surface waters. The discovery of this abundant hydrothermal source of ROS demonstrates a mechanism for the alteration of refractory organic matter in the deep ocean.
PRAMEF2-mediated dynamic regulation of YAP signaling promotes tumorigenesis
Authors: Ghosh Madhurima , Das Sanjeev 
Published: September 2021

Significance
PRAMEF2 belongs to the PRAME multigene family of cancer testis antigens, which serve as biomarkers for several cancers. However, its role in tumorigenesis remains unexplored. Here, we delineate PRAMEF2 regulation under low-nutrient conditions. We also show that it promotes proteasomal degradation of LATS1 kinase of the Hippo/YAP pathway. LATS1 down-regulation triggers nuclear accumulation of the transcriptional coactivator YAP, which induces the expression of proliferative and metastatic genes. Thus, PRAMEF2 promotes malignant phenotype in a YAP-dependent manner. Taken together, our findings reveal a pivotal role for PRAMEF2 in determining YAP oncogenic signaling, which has key implications for tumorigenesis.
Electrochemical removal of amphoteric ions
Authors: Shocron Amit N. , Guyes Eric N. , Rijnaarts Huub H. M. , Biesheuvel P. M. , Suss Matthew E. , Dykstra Jouke E. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Water treatment is required for a sustainable potable water supply and can be leveraged to harvest valuable elements. Crucial to these processes is the removal of charge pH-dependent species from polluted water, such as boron, ammonia, and phosphate. These species can be challenging for conventional technologies. Currently, boron removal requires several reverse-osmosis stages, combined with dosing a caustic agent. Capacitive deionization (CDI) promises to enable effective removal of such species without chemical additives but requires a deep understanding of the coupled interplay of pH dynamics, ion electrosorption, and transport phenomena. Here, we provide a detailed theory tackling this topic and show both theoretically and experimentally highly counterintuitive design rules governing pH-dependent ion removal by CDI.
Targeting the coronavirus nucleocapsid protein through GSK-3 inhibition
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Verma Anurag , Garcia Gustavo , Ramage Holly , Lucas Anastasia , Myers Rebecca L. , Michaelson Jacob J. , Coryell William , Kumar Arvind , Charney Alexander W. , Kazanietz Marcelo G. , Rader Daniel J. , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Berrettini Wade H. , Schultz David C. , Cherry Sara , Damoiseaux Robert , Arumugaswami Vaithilingaraja , Klein Peter S. 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceCOVID-19 is taking a major toll on personal health, healthcare systems, and the global economy. With three betacoronavirus epidemics in less than 20 y, there is an urgent need for therapies to combat new and existing coronavirus outbreaks. Our analysis of clinical data from over 300,000 patients in three major health systems demonstrates a 50% reduced risk of COVID-19 in patients taking lithium, a direct inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). We further show that GSK-3 is essential for phosphorylation of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and that GSK-3 inhibition blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung epithelial cells. These findings suggest an antiviral strategy for COVID-19 and new coronaviruses that may arise in the future.
Electron–phonon superconductivity in C-doped topological nodal-line semimetal Zr5Pt3: a muon spin rotation and relaxation (μSR) study
Authors: Bhattacharyya A , Ferreira P P , Panda K , Masunaga S H , de Faria L R , Correa L E , Santos F B , Adroja D T , Yokoyama K , Dorini T T , Jardim R F , Eleno L T F , Machado A J S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the present work, we demonstrate that C-doped Zr5Pt3 is an electron–phonon superconductor (with critical temperature T
C = 3.8 K) with a nonsymmorphic topological Dirac nodal-line semimetal state, which we report here for the first time. The superconducting properties of Zr5Pt3C0.5 have been investigated by means of magnetization, resistivity, specific heat, and muon spin rotation and relaxation (μSR) measurements. We find that at low temperatures, the depolarization rate is almost constant and it can be well described by a single-band s‐wave model with a superconducting gap of 2Δ(0)/k
B
T
C = 3.84, somewhat higher than the value of BCS theory. From the transverse field μSR analysis, we estimate the London penetration depth λ
L = 469 nm, superconducting carrier density n
s = 1.83 × 1026 m−3, and effective mass m* = 1.428m
e. The zero field μSR confirms the absence of any spontaneous magnetic field in the superconducting ground state. In order to gain additional insights into the electronic ground state of C-doped Zr5Pt3, we also performed first-principles calculations within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). The observed homogenous electronic character of the Fermi surface as well as the mutual decrease of T
C and density of states at the Fermi level are consistent with the experimental findings of this study. However, the band structure reveals the presence of robust, gapless fourfold-degenerate nodal lines protected by 63 screw rotations and glide mirror planes. Therefore, Zr5Pt3 represents a novel, unprecedented condensed matter system to investigate the intricate interplay between superconductivity and topology.
25 years of RIFE—a brief history and highlights
Authors: Dewar Alastair , Dal Molin Franck , Clyne Fiona , Leech Nigel , Pemberton Ray , Sinclair Gillian , Toner Mark , Wilson Stephen , Bramley Gillian , Thomas Christopher , Munro Will , Abbott Fiona , Lombardi Karl 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In 2020, the UK environmental regulators and food safety agencies, published the 25th edition of the Radioactivity in Food and the Environment (RIFE) report. This marks a quarter of a century since the landmark RIFE report was first published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in 1996, which represented the first joint monitoring and assessment report for the United Kingdom. This paper provides a summary of the RIFE report, how it has evolved and presents some case studies from over the 25 year period.
Evaluation of the effect of radioactivity to the environment in wooden houses within the evacuation area at Fukushima
Authors: Nakayama Kazumi , Sugita Yoshihide , Tezuka Hideaki , Takizawa Koichi , Muto Shoichi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant caused radioactive materials to spread outside the plant. To limit exposure in the area, air dose rates have been measured. When the dose rate exceeded the acceptable upper bound, the area was decontaminated by stripping the soil and washing roads. Immediately after the accident, it was not clear how much of an effect outdoor contamination had on dose rates inside houses. This paper discusses the effect of outdoor contamination on indoor air dose rates and factors influencing those dose rates based upon actual measurements taken of a wooden house standing on flat land in the area around the power plant. In addition, the effects of indoor horizontal distribution, height distribution, and decontamination are discussed using simple model simulations. As a result, the following was found, although within the range of air dose rates and location conditions measured in this study. Horizontal variation in indoor air dose rates decreases monotonically toward the centre of the house. Once decontamination has been performed, the overall dose rate decreases and variation becomes smaller. This trend is thought to be mainly due to expansion of a low-dose area. Vertical changes in indoor air dose rates are not straightforward. It is estimated that the dose rate decreases near the ground surface, then tends to increase going higher and finally decreases even higher up. This change in dose rates is thought to be due to the effect of radioactive materials permeating the soil. Recognition of the effects of these factors is important when estimating indoor air dose rates because indoor air dose rates are affected by the degree of decontamination, house size, and degree of penetration of radionuclides into the soil.
Effect of lithium vapour shielding on hydrogen plasma parameters
Authors: Romano F , Rindt P , Scholten J , Hayashi Y , Morgan T W 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A liquid Li vapour-box divertor is an attractive heat exhaust solution for future fusion reactors. Previous works have established the ability of vapour shielding to protect the wall, but it has not been possible to directly determine the effects of Li vapour on the plasma parameters. Experiments to investigate this were carried out in Magnum-PSI, which is able to generate a plasma with DEMO-divertor relevant conditions. 3D printed tungsten capillary porous structures filled with Li have been used as targets. A reciprocating Langmuir probe was used to determine electron temperature and density close to the target, while the power reduction to the coolant due to vapour shielding was increased from 0% to 50%. The Langmuir probe measurements directly determined an increase of density by up to 50% while electron temperature could be inferred to have dropped by up to 33% compared to the solid target reference case.