bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed Micellization Behavior of (Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride + Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide) System in Aqueous Solutions of Glycine
Authors: Banipal Parampaul K. , Sharma Jyoti , Sohal Pallavi , Banipal Tarlok S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe have examined the mixed micellar behavior of {amphiphilic drug; chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) + cationic surfactant; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)} at varying mole fractions of CPZ (αCPZ = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) in (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) mol kg−1 glycine(aq) solutions at 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K, by using conductometric, volumetric, isentropic compressibility, UV–visible absorbance, fluorescence, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values obtained from above measurements have been utilized to calculate the thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°m, ΔH°m, and ΔS°m) and degree of ionization (α) at studied temperatures and concentrations. The partial specific volume (φv), partial specific isentropic compression (φκ), and isentropic compressibility (κs) have been calculated from the experimental density and speed of sound measurements and the results have been used to elucidate different interactions occurring in these systems. These results are further supported by UV–visible absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopic studies. The hydrodynamic diameters (Dh) of the mixed micellar system have been measured from the DLS studies. Thermodynamic and spectroscopic studies depict the dominance of hydrophobic/hydrophilic‐hydrophobic interactions between the alkyl (R = C16H33) chain of CTAB or hydrophobic tricyclic scaffolding of CPZ/Br−/N+‐CH3 group of CTAB or hydrophilic group i.e., tertiary amine portion of CPZ with hydrophobic group of glycine.
Primary research on sampling scheme for analyzing mycotoxin distribution in wheat and rice fields
Authors: Yi Yanjie , Fan Kun , Wang Jiaqi , Fu Qianzhen , Zhou Xianqing , Zhang Yurong , Zhang Huiru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMycotoxins are among the most severe food contaminants. Deoxynivalenol and aflatoxin contamination are predominant in wheat and rice, respectively. Nowadays, there are no standardized and approved grain‐sampling schemes worldwide. This study aimed to develop a scientific grain‐sampling scheme to investigate the regularity of mycotoxin distributed in wheat and rice fields. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance and cluster analysis to select a better sampling scheme.RESULTSConsidering the influences of the weather before harvest (temperature, humidity, wind direction, and other conditions), we sampled grains from different places in different farmlands and detected the mycotoxin content of the sampled grains. The mycotoxin content had extremely significant differences in the area of rice fields (P<0.01) and significant differences in the area of wheat fields (P<0.05). The filtering effect existed peripheral the field areas, especially peripheral the humid areas, where the fungi were filtered and the toxin were easily produced. Furthermore, the upwind direction peripheral the field areas cause more filterature effect than other wind direction. Although 97% of mycotoxins in wheat can be removed through the shelling process, the toxin content were not obviously affected by rice lodging in the field. According to the cluster analysis, the peripheral and middle areas were divided into the same group with higher mycotoxin content.CONCLUSIONThis paper developed a sampling scheme to detect the mycotoxin content of wheat and rice in the field, considering the temperature and humidity of the weather, locations, and other grain contamination conditions before harvest. Meanwhile, the sampling rule of lodging and wind direction in the field was also assayed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of monosaccharide composition of water‐soluble polysaccharides from Codium fragile by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Peipei , Yan Zhongyong , Chen Yin , He Pengfei , Yang Wenge 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCodium fragile is a green alga belonging to Codiales family. The sulfated polysaccharides of this alga have anti‐coagulation, antiviral, anti‐angiogenesis, antioxidant, and immunoregulatory properties. In this study, we developed a reliable and rapid method for the analysis of 10 monosaccharides using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in the negative electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode. Monosaccharides, including two pentoses (xylose, arabinose); two deoxyhexoses (rhamnose, fucose); three hexoses (mannose, glucose, galactose); two hexuronic acids (glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid), and an N‐acetyl‐hexosamine (glucosamine), were derivatized using 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐5‐pyrazolone and simultaneously analyzed within 9 min. Optimization of the derivatization process, especially by using various 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐5‐pyrazolone concentrations, was studied. The calibration curves showed good linearity with a squared correlation coefficient > 0.995. The spiked recovery was determined to be 91.1–105.7% with the relative intra‐day and inter‐day standard deviations ranging from 2.58–6.71% and 3.15–7.67%, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for all 10 monosaccharides ranged from 0.02 to 0.10 μg/mL and 0.05 to 0.25 μg/mL, respectively. Using this method, the monosaccharides comprising the polysaccharides of Codium fragile were determined to be arabinose, galactose, and glucose.
Body Condition of Wintering Pacific Greater White‐Fronted Geese
Authors: Skalos Daniel A. , Eadie John M. , Yparraguirre Daniel R. , Weaver Melanie l. , Oldenburger Shaun L. , Ely Craig R. , Yee Julie L. , Fleskes Joseph P. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTExtreme changes to key waterfowl habitats in the Klamath Basin (KB) on the Oregon–California border and the Sacramento Valley (SV) in California, USA, have occurred since 1980. The spatial distribution of Pacific greater white‐fronted geese (Anser albifrons sponsa; geese) has likewise changed among these areas and population size has grown from 79,000 to >600,000 geese during the same period. To assess the effects of landscape changes and spatial‐temporal distribution of geese, we collected Pacific greater white‐fronted geese during winters of 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 in the KB and SV and compared their body condition to geese collected during 1979–1980 and 1980–1981. We modeled body and lipid mass to assess body condition for each sex independently and examined the influence of collection day, year, and region. Body condition of geese varied throughout the winter and within years in a nonlinear fashion. We detected an increase in body condition in both sexes during December and January in the SV, which corresponds with improved habitat conditions and increases seen in other species in the region. Body condition upon arrival in fall migration varied by year for females and by year and region for males. Males and females arrived in poorer body condition during 2010–2011 than all other study years and males in the KB during 2010–2011 had extremely low lipid mass, reflecting poor regional habitat conditions induced by drought. Body condition of females varied over spring, by year, and by region and regional effects were evident for males. Body condition was significantly higher for geese in the SV than in the KB during spring. Our results suggest that Pacific greater white‐fronted geese have adapted to a changing landscape and have adjusted historical spatial use patterns to take advantage of more favorable conditions in the SV between 1979 and 2010. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Reduced mechanism for flames of propane, n‐butane, and their mixtures for application to burners: Development and validation
Authors: Kumaran S. Muthu , Shanmugasundaram D. , Narayanaswamy Krithika , Raghavan Vasudevan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPropane, n‐butane, and their mixtures are commonly used as fuels for various applications. Reliable numerical simulations of flames involving these fuels are most essential to study their efficient use in domestic and industrial burners. Such simulations require a suitable reaction mechanism containing the necessary kinetics to predict key combustion characteristics in flames accurately. However, the use of detailed kinetic mechanisms for these computations is formidable in multidimensional simulations, owing to their large sizes. To address this, in this work, a compact mechanism (45 species, 392 reactions) for propane, n‐butane, and their mixtures, suitable for multidimensional simulations is derived and comprehensively validated against available experimental data in flames. The main oxidation pathways retained in this compact model are showcased. One‐dimensional (1D) computations of premixed and nonpremixed flames are carried out using FlameMaster and Chemkin‐Pro. Two‐dimensional (2D) calculations are performed within ANSYS‐FLUENT. Here, multicomponent diffusion, thermal diffusion, and radiation submodels are used. Laminar flame speeds, extinction strain rates, and amounts of major species in premixed flat flames are validated using 1D computations. Temperature and major species in propane and n‐butane jet diffusion flames are verified in 2D simulations. Further, 2D computations using the compact mechanism also predict the laminar burning velocity of premixed flames of n‐butane and propane mixtures established over a Bunsen burner. The ability of the compact mechanism to predict desired targets in premixed and nonpremixed flames is analyzed from a kinetic basis. Validation using 2D simulations demonstrates the usability of the compact mechanism in multidimensional computations.
Prognostic Significance of Systemic Inflammatory Response in Cases of Temporal Bone Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Komune Noritaka , Sato Kuniaki , Hongo Takahiro , Miyazaki Masaru , Masuda Shogo , Koike Kensuke , Uchi Ryutaro , Tsuchihashi Nana Akagi , Noda Teppei , Kogo Ryunosuke , Wakasaki Takahiro , Yasumatsu Ryuji , Nakagawa Takashi 
Published: February 2021

Objective/HypothesisSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the temporal bone is an extremely rare condition. This rarity has led to a delay in the establishment of a standard treatment protocol and adequate staging system. Identification of prognostic markers of this disease from a variety of fields is desirable in the establishment of treatment guidelines for temporal bone SCC. The aim of this study is to assess the prognostic role of inflammation‐based prognostic scores in cases of temporal bone SCC.Study DesignCase reries with chart review.MethodsA total of 71 cases of primary malignancy eligible for curative treatment at a single tertiary medical institute were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate regression analyzes were used to investigate the association between the inflammation‐based scores and 5‐year overall survival.ResultsUnivariate Cox regression analyzes showed that a high neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, high platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, low lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio, a Glasgow prognostic score of 2, and the systemic inflammation score of 2 were significantly associated with a poor prognosis, as well as a classification of T4 stage, presence of cervical lymph node metastasis, high white blood cell counts, and high C‐reactive protein levels. The multivariate analysis showed that a clinical stage of T4 and a systemic inflammation score of 2 were independent prognostic markers.ConclusionsInflammation‐based prognostic markers are associated with the survival of patients with temporal bone SCC, as well as other head and neck SCCs.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1782–1789, 2021
Extracting check dam areas from high‐resolution imagery based on the integration of object‐based image analysis and deep learning
Authors: Li Sijin , Xiong Liyang , Hu Guanghui , Dang Weiqin , Tang Guoan , Strobl Josef 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSoil loss is a global environmental problem that can intensively damage surrounding ecosystems. To control soil loss and secure agricultural activities, check dams are constructed for soil conservation. However, due to ineffective management, many check dams are abandoned and are highly prone to be damaged due to rainstorms. Such a phenomenon would cause more serious damage to surrounding environments than that associated with common soil loss. The similar basic signatures of check dam areas and their surroundings can blur the boundaries of these structures in images and negatively affect boundary identification, thereby limiting the effectiveness of traditional check dam area extraction techniques based on the pixel level or visual inspection. To facilitate the extraction of check dams, we propose a method that integrates deep learning and object‐based image analysis. We select the Loess Plateau, on which several effective check dam systems have been constructed in recent years to address intense soil loss, as the study area on which to perform high‐resolution imagery experiments to determine the influences of different sample combinations. The parameters influencing the segmentation algorithm are also examined to determine the best parameter combination for the extraction of check dams. Four test areas comprising 12 check dams across different environments were selected with which to test the accuracy of the proposed method. In addition, we compared the check dam extraction capabilities of our proposed method with those of the random forest and deep learning approaches. The results show that the proposed method can achieve a classification accuracy and kappa coefficient that signify good performance in detecting the boundaries and areas of check dams. The proposed method generally outperforms the random forest and deep learning techniques. The extraction results can support the efficient soil management and guide future studies on gully erosion.
A Comparative Study Between Once‐Weekly and Alternating Twice‐Weekly Regimen Using Blue (470 nm) and Red (640 nm) Light Combination LED Phototherapy for Moderate‐to‐Severe Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Nitayavardhana Sunatra , Manuskiatti Woraphong , Cembrano Kathryn Anne G. , Wanitphadeedecha Rungsima 
Published: February 2021

Background and ObjectivePhototherapy for acne with a combination of blue and red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) appears to have excellent potential in treating inflammatory acne. However, a standard twice‐weekly protocol administered 3 days apart may not be practical for patients. This study aims to seek the efficacy of LED treatment in moderate to severe acne, comparing between once and alternating twice‐weekly regimens.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThirty subjects with moderate to severe acne, as defined by Burton's grading score, were recruited in the study. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups‐ one group received alternating blue (470 nm) and red (640 nm) light in two visits per week for 4 consecutive weeks, while the other group got blue and red light treatments consecutively on the same visit for 4 consecutive weeks. During the study period, conventional treatments were prohibited. Clinical assessments were performed by lesion counts and blinded comparative photographs before treatment and at 1, 4, and 8 weeks after the final treatment.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between once‐ and alternating twice‐weekly regimens. Both regimens provided marked improvement only for inflammatory lesions. The median percentage of acne reduction was significantly demonstrated for 1 week after finishing the course of treatment and was sustained until the end of the study. There were no side effects noted throughout the study period.ConclusionLED therapy is safe and effective for treatment of inflammatory acne. The treatment outcomes of once and alternating twice‐weekly regimens were comparable, hence, once‐weekly treatment could be considered as an alternative choice for patient's convenience. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Mitigation of top‐ and bottom‐of‐the‐line CO2 corrosion in the presence of acetic acid (I): pH control using methyl diethanolamine
Authors: Ajayi Fredric O. , Lyon Stuart 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTemperature differences between the top and the base of pipelines can, in specific circumstances, drive severe corrosion due to condensed fluids at the top‐of‐the‐line. Here, we measure corrosion at the top‐of‐the‐line in the condensate phase and, simultaneously, in the immersed phase at the bottom‐of‐the‐line using an electrochemical approach. With CO2‐saturated chloride brine, corrosion at the top‐of‐the‐line increased with fluid temperature (due to increased condensation rates), whereas at the bottom‐of‐the‐line, the corrosion rate decreased (due to ferrous carbonate precipitation). The addition of acetic acid increased the corrosion rate at both top and bottom of the line, with any ferrous carbonate films being removed by dissolution. The addition of methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) reduced corrosion rates significantly because of the increased pH in both the condensate at the top‐of‐the‐line and under immersion at the bottom‐of‐the‐line, reducing the solubility of FeCO3. Overall, the addition of acetic acid was confirmed to damage and remove protective FeCO3 films. However, continuous films were not re‐established after MDEA additions, rather porous and generally unprotective films were formed.
Filippov lemma for measure differential inclusion
Authors: Fryszkowski Andrzej , Sadowski Jacek 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work we propose a Filippov‐type lemma for the differential inclusion

where is a given multifunction and μ is a finite Borel signed measure on [0, T] (possibly atomic). By a solution of (0.1) we mean a function such that and
where is a μ‐integrable function such that for μ‐almost every and stands for either (0, t] for each or [0, t). Such setting leads to at least two nonequivalent notions of a solution to (0.1) and therefore we formulate two different Filippov‐type inequalities (Theorems 2.1 and 2.2). These two concepts coincide in case of the Lebesgue measure. The purpose of our considerations is to cover a class of impulsive control systems, a class of stochastic systems and differential systems on time scales.
COVID‐19 infection in patients with connective tissue disease: A multicity study in Hubei province, China
Authors: Ye Cong , Zhong Jixin , Cai Shaozhe , Dong Li , Li Chuanjing , Hou Xiaoqiang , Chen Xiaoqi , Zhang Anbing , Chen Wenli , He Dongchu , Zhou Tao , Shang Guilian , Chu Aichun , Li Huiling , Liu Qihuan , Wu Bin , Yu Xiangdong , Peng Tao , Wen Cheng , Huang Gang Hong , Huang Hao , Huang Qin , Su Linchong , Chen Wenping , Yang Huiqin , Dong Lingli 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNovel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has spread rapidly around the world. Individuals with immune dysregulation and/or on immunosuppressive therapy, such as rheumatic patients, are considered at greater risk for infections. However, the risks of patients with each subcategory of rheumatic diseases have not been reported. Here, we identified 100 rheumatic patients from 18,786 COVID‐19 patients hospitalized in 23 centers affiliated to Hubei COVID‐19 Rheumatology Alliance between January 1 and April 1, 2020. Demographic information, medical history, length of hospital stay, classification of disease severity, symptoms and signs, laboratory tests, disease outcome, computed tomography, and treatments information were collected. Compared to gout and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients, patients with connective tissue disease (CTD) tend to be more severe after COVID‐19 infection (p = 0.081). CTD patients also had lower lymphocyte counts, hemoglobin, and platelet counts (p values were 0.033, < 0.001, and 0.071, respectively). Hydroxychloroquine therapy and low‐ to medium‐dose glucocorticoids before COVID‐19 diagnosis reduced the progression of COVID‐19 to severe/critical conditions (p = 0.001 for hydroxychloroquine; p = 0.006 for glucocorticoids). Our data suggests that COVID‐19 in CTD patients may be more severe compared to patients with AS or gout.
Combining bioinformatics analysis and experiments to explore CARNS1 as a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Yan , Zhang Xin , Li Xinyu , He Miao , Qiao Shixing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is a heterogeneous malignant disease, which has variation in clinical behaviors. High‐throughput technologies have added important genetic alternative and biological change information for breast cancer. CARNS1 is an important ATPases. It can catalyze the synthesis of carnosine, which has antiproliferative activity in cancer. Here, we hypothesize that CARNS1 plays an essential role in the development of breast cancer.MethodsThe expressions of CARNS1 in breast cancer were data‐mined and analyzed from TCGA (the Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEO (the Gene Expression Omnibus) databases. The correlation of CARNS1 expression with clinical characteristics and the diagnostic capability of CARNS1 were assessed. Experimental studies were conducted in two cohorts (n = 60) of breast cancer patients by qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsCARNS1 was significantly downregulated in breast cancer. The expression was correlated with tumor molecular and histological types, T and M stages, and vital status. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the downregulation of CARNS1 was significantly related to poor overall survival and relapse‐free survival. Moreover, these scenarios have been extended to ER, PR, and HER2 positive patients. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that CARNS1 can be considered as an independent prognostic predictor for patients with breast cancer. Experimental data supported that the protein and mRNA levels of CARNS1 in breast cancer are indeed significantly downregulated.ConclusionOur findings have demonstrated that CARNS1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene and may be an independent prognostic indicator for breast cancer patients.
Altered Gut Microbiota is Involved in the Anti‐Hypertensive Effects of Vitamin C in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Authors: Li Ying , Salih Ibrahim Rawya Mohamed , Chi Hong‐Li , Xiao Tong , Xia Wen‐Jie , Li Hong‐Bao , Kang Yu‐Ming 
Published: February 2021

ScopeGut dysbiosis and dysregulation of the gut‐brain‐axis contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Vitamin C (VC) is a common dietary supplement that shows the ability to lower the elevated blood pressure in hypertensive animals. Thus, the hypothesis that the gut microbiota is involved in the anti‐hypertensive effect of VC is proposed.Methods and ResultsThe changes of the gut microbiota and pathology in a spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model after daily oral intake of VC in dosage of 200 or 1000 mg kg−1 are examined. After 4 weeks, the elevated blood pressure of SHRs in both VC‐treated groups is attenuated. Sequencing of the gut microbiota shows improvement in its diversity and abundance. Bioinformatic analysis suggests restored metabolism and biosynthesis‐related functions of the gut, which are confirmed by the improvement of gut pathology and integrity. Analysis of the hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the central pivot of blood pressure regulation, also shows reduced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.ConclusionsThe reduced blood pressure, enriched gut microbiota, improved gut pathology and integrity, and reduced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the PVN together suggest that the anti‐hypertensive effects of VC involve reshaping of gut microbiota composition and function.