bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apremilast improves quality of life and ultrasonography parameters in patients with nail psoriasis: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Muñoz‐Santos Carlos , Sola‐Ortigosa Joaquín , Vidal David , Guilabert Antonio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpecific studies on apremilast for nail psoriasis are lacking. Our objective was to evaluate the nail‐specific patient‐reported outcomes, clinical efficacy, ultrasound (US) parameters, and safety of apremilast for nail psoriasis. We conducted a prospective cohort study including adult patients with plaque and nail psoriasis with a fingernail Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) score of 12 or more. Patients were treated with apremilast 30 mg b.i.d. for 52 weeks. Forty‐five patients were included. At week 52, the Nail Assessment in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (NAPPA) Patient Benefit Index global weighted score was 2 or more in 52% of patients and NAPPA Quality of Life and fingernail NAPSI improved by 57% and 53%, respectively. US parameters improved from week 16 onwards. Target nail NAPSI improvements were higher for nail matrix scores (60%) than for nail bed scores (38%, p < 0.001). Baseline target nail bed NAPSI was associated with not achieving a target nail 50% reduction in NAPSI score at week 52 in the bivariate analysis (p = 0.024). Safety was consistent with the known apremilast profile. Results from apremilast therapy for 52 weeks in patients with psoriasis and predominant nail disease show significant improvements in nail‐specific quality of life, clinical signs, and structural restoration on US, suggesting that apremilast may be considered in the treatment of nail psoriasis.
Neither acquiescence nor defiance: Tuscan wineries' “flexible reactivity” to the Italian government's quality regulation system
Authors: Yoo Taeyoung , Schilke Oliver , Bachmann Reinhard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article introduces the concept of “flexible reactivity” to describe and analyze a form of economic actors' response to multiple judgment devices. Using the example of government regulation in the Tuscan wine industry, we show that wineries can in part comply with the government's quality classifications system while, at the same time, also offering products outside the official classification system. Through this research, we provide novel insights into the role of judgment devices and contribute to a more nuanced understanding of organizational responses to institutional pressures. Extending prior institutional‐complexity research, our study illustrates that organizations' reactions to judgment devices are not limited to only the two options of either acquiescence or defiance. The third option—flexibile reactivity—encompasses an explicit combination of acquiescence and defiance at the actor level. Our findings shed new light on how organizations can cope with contradictory external demands such that contrasting logics compete for organizational resources and breed heterogeneous and continuously shifting product offerings.
Quality chemical analysis of crush–tear–curl (CTC) black tea from different geographical regions based on UHPLC‐Orbitrap‐MS
Authors: Li Tiehan , Xu Shanshan , Wang Yujie , Wei Yuming , Shi Leyi , Xiao Zhipeng , Liu Zhengquan , Deng Wei‐Wei , Ning Jingming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCrush–tear–curl (CTC) black tea is a popular beverage, owing to its unique taste characteristics and health benefits. However, differences in the taste quality and chemical profiles of CTC black tea from different geographical regions remain unclear. In this study, 28 CTC black tea samples were collected from six geographical regions and analyzed using electronic tongue and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography‐Orbitrap‐mass spectroscopy. The e‐tongue analysis indicated that each region's CTC black tea has its own relatively prominent taste characteristics: Sri Lanka (more umami and astringent), North India (more umami), China (more sweetness and astringent), South India (moderate umami and sweetness), and Kenya (moderate umami and astringent). Based on multivariate statistical analysis, 78 metabolites were tentatively identified and used as potential markers for CTC black tea of different origins, mainly including amino acids, flavone/flavonol glycosides, and pigments. Different metabolites, which contributed to the taste characteristics of CTC black tea, were clarified by partial least squares regression correlation analysis. Our findings may serve as useful references for future studies on origin traceability and quality characteristic determination of CTC black teas.Practical ApplicationThis study provides useful references for future studies on the origin traceability and taste characteristic determination of CTC black teas from different geographical regions.
BEE‐STEWARD: A research and decision‐support software for effective land management to promote bumblebee populations
Authors: Twiston‐Davies Grace , Becher Matthias A. , Osborne Juliet L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

The demand for agent‐based models to explore the effects of environmental change on pollinator population dynamics is growing. However, models need a simple yet flexible interface to enable adoption by a wide range of stakeholders.

We introduce BEE‐STEWARD: a research and decision‐support software tool, enabling researchers, policymakers, land management advisors and practitioners to predict and compare the effects of bee‐friendly management interventions on bumblebee populations over several years.

BEE‐STEWARD integrates the BEESCOUT and Bumble‐BEEHAVE agent‐based models of bumblebee behaviour, colony growth and landscape exploration into a user‐friendly interface, with reconstructed code, and expanded functionality. Bespoke automatic reports can be created to illustrate how different land management interventions can affect the densities of bumblebees and their colonies over time.

BEE‐STEWARD could be an important virtual test bed for scientists exploring the impacts of different stressors on bumblebees and used by those with little or no modelling experience, enabling a shared methodology between research, policy and practice.
Dangerous liaisons: Bacteria, antimicrobial therapies, and allergic diseases
Authors: Tramper‐Stranders Gerdien , Ambrożej Dominika , Arcolaci Alessandra , Atanaskovic‐Markovic Marina , Boccabella Cristina , Bonini Matteo , Karavelia Aspasia , Mingomataj Ervin , O' Mahony Liam , Sokolowska Milena , Untersmayr Eva , Feleszko Wojciech ,   the EAACI Task Force on Conscious and Rational use of Antibiotics in Allergic Diseases
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicrobiota composition and associated metabolic activities are essential for the education and development of a healthy immune system. Microbial dysbiosis, caused by risk factors such as diet, birth mode, or early infant antimicrobial therapy, is associated with the inception of allergic diseases. In turn, allergic diseases increase the risk for irrational use of antimicrobial therapy. Microbial therapies, such as probiotics, have been studied in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases, but evidence remains limited due to studies with high heterogeneity, strain‐dependent effectiveness, and variable outcome measures.In this review, we sketch the relation of microbiota with allergic diseases, the overuse and rationale for the use of antimicrobial agents in allergic diseases, and current knowledge concerning the use of bacterial products in allergic diseases. We urgently recommend 1) limiting antibiotic therapy in pregnancy and early childhood as a method contributing to the reduction of the allergy epidemic in children and 2) restricting antibiotic therapy in exacerbations and chronic treatment of allergic diseases, mainly concerning asthma and atopic dermatitis. Future research should be aimed at antibiotic stewardship implementation strategies and biomarker‐guided therapy, discerning those patients that might benefit from antibiotic therapy.
Influence of hydrogel spacer placement with prostate brachytherapy on rectal and urinary toxicity
Authors: Teyateeti Achiraya , Grossman Craig , Kollmeier Marisa A. , Fiasconaro Megan , Hopkins Margaret , McBride Sean , Gorovets Daniel , Shasha Daniel , Cohen Gilad , Zhang Zhigang , Lesser David J. , Damato Antonio , Zelefsky Michael J. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the influence of rectal hydrogel spacer placement (HSP) on late rectal toxicity outcomes in prostate cancer patients treated with low‐dose‐rate (LDR) brachytherapy, with or without supplemental external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).Patients and MethodsA total of 224 patients underwent LDR brachytherapy with HSP, as monotherapy or combined with EBRT, between January 2016 and December 2019. Dosimetric variables reflecting the extent of rectal sparing and late rectal toxicity outcomes were evaluated. This spacer cohort was retrospectively compared to a similar patient group (n = 139) in whom HSP was not used.ResultsHydrogel spacer placement was associated with significantly reduced rectal doses for all dosimetric variables; the median percentage rectal dose to 1 cc of rectum and rectal dose to 2 cc of rectum of the spacer cohort were all significantly lower compared to the non‐spacer cohort. The incidence rates of overall (any grade) and grade ≥2 rectal toxicity were lower in patients with HSP compared to patients who did not undergo HSP: 12% and 1.8% vs 31% and 5.8%, respectively. The 3‐year cumulative incidence of overall rectal toxicity was significantly lower with HSP than without (15% vs 33%; P < 0.001), corresponding to an overall rectal toxicity reduction on univariable analysis (hazard ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.28–0.73; P = 0.001). In this patient cohort treated with prostate brachytherapy, none of the urethral dosimetric variables or the presence or absence of HSP was associated with late urinary toxicity.ConclusionHydrogel rectal spacer placement is a safe procedure, associated with significantly reduced rectal dose. HSP translates to a decrease in overall late rectal toxicity in patients receiving dose‐escalated brachytherapy‐based procedures.
Diazepam attenuates the effects of cocaine on locomotion, 50‐kHz ultrasonic vocalizations and phasic dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of rats
Authors: Sanchez William N. , Pochapski Jose A. , Jessen Leticia F. , Ellenberger Marek , Schwarting Rainer K. , Robinson Donita L. , Andreatini Roberto , Da Cunha Claudio 
Published: August 2021

Background and PurposeCurrently, there is no effective drug to treat cocaine‐use disorder, which affects millions of people worldwide. Benzodiazepines are potential therapeutic candidates, as microdialysis and voltammetry studies have shown that they can decrease dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens of rodents and block the increase in dopamine levels and appetitive 50‐kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) induced by amphetamine in rats.Experimental ApproachHere, we tested whether administration of 2.5‐mg·kg−1 diazepam (i.p.) in adult male rats could block the effects of 20‐mg·kg−1 cocaine (i.p.) on electrically evoked phasic dopamine signals in the nucleus accumbens measured by fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry, as well as 50‐kHz USV and locomotor activity.Key ResultsCocaine injection increased evoked dopamine signals up to threefold within 5 min, and the increase was significantly higher than baseline for at least 75 min. The injection of diazepam, 5 min after cocaine, attenuated the cocaine effect by nearly 50%, and this attenuation was maintained for at least 40 min. Behaviourally, cocaine increased the number of appetitive 50‐kHz calls by about 12‐fold. Diazepam significantly blocked this effect for the entire duration of the session. Also, cocaine‐treated rats were more active than controls and diazepam significantly attenuated cocaine‐induced locomotion, by up to 50%.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese results suggest that the neurochemical and psychostimulant effects of cocaine can be mitigated by diazepam.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Building Bridges in Neuropharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.8/issuetoc
Alemtuzumab‐induzierte Alopecia areata – Fallbericht und systematische Literaturübersicht zu Alemtuzumab‐assoziierten kutanen Nebenwirkungen
Authors: Dikeoulia Elsa , Neufeld Matthias , Pawlitzki Marc , Böhm Markus 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungGegenwärtig wird Alemtuzumab zur Behandlung der aktiven schubförmig‐remittierenden multiplen Sklerose (RRMS) eingesetzt. Trotz der guten Wirksamkeit dieser Therapie treten zahlreiche Nebenwirkungen an der Haut auf. Hierzu zählen Vitiligo, Alopecia areata, maligne Hauttumoren oder Infektionserkrankungen. Fächerübergreifend ist es von essenzieller Bedeutung, diese zu kennen und zu therapieren. Der vorliegende Minireview gibt eine Übersicht über die bisher in der Literatur beschriebenen dermatologischen Nebenwirkungen und mögliche Erklärungsansätze für deren Pathomechanismen. Zur Einleitung dieses Reviews wird der Fall einer Patientin mit RRMS vorgestellt, die unter Alemtuzumab erstmals eine schwere Alopecia areata entwickelte.
Adjuvante Anti‐PD‐1‐Antikörpertherapie bei Stadium‐III/IV‐Melanom: Anwendungsdaten aus der klinischen Routine und gesundheitsökonomische Aspekte
Authors: Koelblinger Peter , Hoellwerth Magdalena , Dernoscheg Marie‐Therese , Koch Lukas , Richtig Erika , Wanner Marina , Nguyen Van‐Anh , Ostermann Herwig , Bauer Johann W. , Laimer Martin 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundAnti‐PD‐1‐Antikörper haben sich als therapeutischer Standard in der adjuvanten Behandlung des vollständig resezierten Melanoms etabliert. Anwendungsdaten aus der klinischen Praxis hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit sowie Kosteneffektivität liegen jedoch nur eingeschränkt vor.Patienten und MethodikMelanompatienten, die adjuvant Nivolumab oder Pembrolizumab außerhalb von klinischen Studien erhalten haben, wurden retrospektiv identifiziert. Nach Analyse der klinischen Daten wurde ein Semi‐Markov‐Modell zur Bewertung der Kosteneffektivität entwickelt.ErgebnisseInnerhalb einer medianen Nachbeobachtungsdauer von 11,5 Monaten wurde bei 39 von 100 therapierten Patienten ein Krankheitsrezidiv beobachtet. Das erste Rezidiv trat bei 17 Patienten lokoregional, bei 19 Patienten in Form von Fernmetastasen und bei drei Patienten als kombinierte lokoregionale und Fernmetastasierung auf. Die geschätzte Überlebensrate nach zwölf Monaten lag bei 64,8 % für das Rezidiv‐freie und bei 77,4 % für das Fernmetastasen‐freie Überleben. Therapieassoziierte Grad‐3‐ oder ‐4‐Nebenwirkungen traten bei 16 Patienten auf. Bei 22 Patienten führten Nebenwirkungen zum Therapieabbruch. Das Basis‐Markov‐Modell ergab eine inkrementelle Kosten‐Effektivitäts‐Ratio (ICER) von 13 330 € je qualitätsadjustiertem Lebensjahr (QALY) für die adjuvante Anti‐PD‐1‐Antikörpertherapie verglichen mit einer simulierten Beobachtungskohorte.SchlussfolgerungenDie erhaltenen Wirksamkeits‐ und Verträglichkeitsdaten sind mit jenen aus den Zulassungsstudien vergleichbar. Die Ergebnisse der gesundheitsökonomischen Analyse legen nahe, dass die adjuvante Anti‐PD‐1‐Antikörpertherapie des Melanoms gemäß österreichischen Standards als kosteneffektiv einzustufen ist.
Current concepts of ectopic nodal inclusions with special emphasis on nodal nevi
Authors: Müller Cornelia Sigrid Lissi , Müller Stephan G. , Vogt Thomas , Pföhler Claudia 
Published: August 2021

SummaryNodal inclusions of ectopic tissue within lymph nodes are seen comparatively often in dermatopathology and general pathology. Glandular and nonglandular epithelium, as well as melanocytic nevi can be observed within lymph nodes and represent mostly incidental findings without any relevance. The main challenge in reporting these morphologic features is to differentiate such benign inclusions from metastatic settlements of distinct organ tumors. As sentinel node biopsy and lymph node dissection have become standard procedure in clinical oncology and have an immense clinical impact, the correct evaluation of these nodal inclusions is indispensable to avoid undertreatment or overtreatment of patients. In addition, the genesis of these inclusions has not yet been satisfactorily clarified. Two concepts have been laid out: the theory of benign metastases and the migration arrest theory. However, neither theory has so far been able to answer the following questions: Why do we find more nodal nevi in patients with melanoma who had a sentinel node biopsy than in patients without melanoma, and why do we not find nodal nevi in deep visceral lymph nodes? We present a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on nodal inclusions, proposing a concept for the pathogenesis of nodal nevi, to answer these questions.
DUAL II China: Superior HbA1c reductions and weight loss with insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) versus insulin degludec in a randomized trial of Chinese people with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal insulin
Authors: Pei Yu , Agner Bue R. , Luo Bin , Dong Xiaolin , Li Dongmei , Liu Jun , Liu Lei , Liu Ming , Lu Yibing , Nishida Tomoyuki , Xu Xiangjin , Mu Yiming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy and safety of insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) versus insulin degludec (degludec) in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with basal insulin.Materials and MethodsIn DUAL II China, a randomized, double‐blinded, multicentre, treat‐to‐target trial, Chinese adults with T2D and HbA1c of 7.5% or more on basal insulin and metformin, with or without other oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), were randomized 2:1 to 26 weeks of treatment with either IDegLira (max. dose 50 U degludec/1.8 mg liraglutide) or degludec (max. 50 U/day), respectively, combined with metformin. At 26 weeks, superiority of IDegLira over degludec was assessed for change in HbA1c (primary endpoint), and body weight and number of severe or blood glucose (BG)‐confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes (confirmatory secondary endpoints).ResultsOverall, 453 participants were randomized to IDegLira (n = 302) or degludec (n = 151). Superiority was confirmed for IDegLira over degludec in HbA1c change (−1.9% vs. −1.0%, respectively, estimated treatment difference [ETD] [95% confidence interval]: −0.92% [−1.09; −0.75], P < .0001), body weight change (−0.7 vs. +0.4 kg, respectively, ETD [95% CI]: −1.08 kg [−1.63; −0.52], P = .0002) and severe or BG‐confirmed hypoglycaemia (estimated rate ratio [95% CI]: 0.53 [0.30; 0.94], P = .0297). The odds of achieving HbA1c less than 7.0% without hypoglycaemia and/or weight gain were greater with IDegLira than degludec (P < .0001 for all). Daily insulin dose at 26 weeks was lower for IDegLira (34.3 U) than degludec (37.4 U) (P = .0014). No unexpected safety signals were observed.ConclusionsIDegLira may be an efficacious and well‐tolerated treatment intensification option for Chinese people with T2D uncontrolled on basal insulin and OADs.
The Conference on the Future of Europe: Process and prospects
Authors: Fabbrini Federico 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe article examines the Conference on the Future of Europe, discussing the process set in motion by the Joint Declaration adopted by the EU institutions in March 2021, and reflecting on its prospects. Drawing from precedents such as the Conference of Messina and the Convention on the Future of Europe, the article shows that the Conference on the Future of Europe is an out‐of‐the‐box initiative originally combining bottom‐up participatory features and top‐down elite decision‐making mechanisms. Nevertheless, the Joint Declaration launching the Conference leaves its constitutional mission unsettled, and its institutional organisation uncertain. As such, the article suggests that the prospects for the Conference will depend on political leadership and legal inventiveness, and discusses what may be the options ahead.
Family profiles based on family life satisfaction in dual‐earner households with adolescent children in Chile
Authors: Orellana Ligia , Schnettler Berta , Adasme‐Berríos Cristian , Lobos Germán , Miranda‐Zapata Edgardo , Lapo María 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResearch has stressed the importance of the family domain for the individual's well‐being, but the heterogeneity/homogeneity of satisfaction with family life between and within families have not previously assessed. This study identifies family profiles based on the level of family life satisfaction in mother–father–adolescent triads and determines whether profiles differ in terms of the three family members’ perceived family support, importance assigned to the family, both parents’ work–life balance and mental health, and the household's economic situation. The sample was composed of 303 families of different‐sex dual‐earner parents with one child aged between 10 and 17 years, from Temuco, Chile. A Latent Profile Analysis was used to identify three profiles: Families with low family satisfaction (17.80%), Families with medium family satisfaction (68.14%), and Families with high family satisfaction (14.06%). Profiles also differed in the three family members’ perceived family support and importance assigned to the family, both parents’ work–life balance and mental health, and in the household's income. Mothers, fathers, and adolescents in these profiles also differed from one another in these variables. The main variable related to the family members’ satisfaction with family life was the parents’ mental health problems. Family life satisfaction in dual‐earner couples with adolescent children is heterogenous, and these profiles draw attention to indicators of parent–child well‐being. Families with lower levels of family satisfaction require particular attention in research and interventions, as these families may report a lower household income, and the parents may experience higher rates of depression, anxiety, and stress, and diverging levels of work–life balance.
Factors affecting the abundance of age‐0 sport fish in four mainstem Missouri River reservoirs
Authors: Radigan William J. , Fincel Mark J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe age‐0 abundance of eight sport fish species in the four mainstem Missouri River reservoirs in South Dakota was evaluated to estimate the influence of environmental and biological factors on age‐0 species abundance. Datasets (at least ten consecutive years) from each reservoir were analysed to evaluate the effects of both monthly (i.e. gauge height, temperature and precipitation) and annual (i.e. cooling degree days and heating degree days, minimum, average, and maximum temperature, and average precipitation) environmental and biological factors. Biological factors including age‐0 prey fish abundance (i.e. gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum [Leseuer] abundance), age‐0 sport fish abundance and adult sport fish abundance were examined. Factors were included that are known to have impacts on abundance of age‐0 sport fish in other systems. The abundance of all sport fish species was stable or increasing in all reservoirs, except for walleye Sander vitreus (Mitchell) and white bass Morone chrysops (Rafinesque) in Lewis and Clark Lake. Age‐0 white crappie was the most supported model for explaining age‐0 walleye abundance in Lewis and Clark Lake, and adult white crappie abundance was the most supported model parameter for explaining age‐0 white bass abundance in the reservoir. Findings of the current study highlight the need for species‐specific management of both environmental (i.e. flow manipulation) and biological factors (i.e. harvest limits for sport fish) to increase the abundance of age‐0 sport fish. Due to the dynamic nature of aquatic systems, resulting requirements for management agencies are system‐specific evaluations and management approaches.