bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of biogas content influence on the flame properties
Authors: Leonov E S , Trubaev P A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper has examined the combustion of gas with variable methane content where it was supplied separately from the air. The analytical one-dimensional model of the diffusion straight-flow flame in the unrestricted and restricted space and a numerical three-dimensional model of the turbulent flame in a swirled airflow were used in this research. It has been established that in furnaces (in a restricted space) the maximum flame temperature depends only on the methane content in fuel and in average lower than the temperature of clean methane combustion by 20-70°C for conventional biogas and by 100-200°C for biogas with low methane content. The methane content decrease in gas leads to the diffusion flame length decrease in comparison with clean methane combustion by approximately two-fold for conventional biogas and fourfold for combustion of biogas with low methane content. For the turbulent flame in a swirled air flow, the flame length decrease is insignificant and is around 10% for conventional biogas and around 40% for biogas with low methane content. It can be concluded that by changing the methane content in biogas the heating plant operating mode can be stable on the condition that the biogas flow rate is controlled to ensure constant heat production during its combustion and turbulent flame with a swirled airflow. Combustion, in this case, can be done using the same burner.
Cluster characteristic of water used by energy facilities by total antiocidant activity
Authors: Kalayda M L , Gordeeva M E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Energy facilities are located on most large reservoirs, therefore, the issue of water quality is especially acute in the water area of such water bodies. The article describes 9 clusters of water with values of total antioxidant activity, isolated now on the basis of numerous analyses. Water with a simplified structure is distinguished, containing 1 cluster and characterized water bodies with an abundance of life. Ordinary water with 2 clusters in the structure is water widely used by humans for household consumption. Water with 3-4 clusters observed in artesian wells. The most complex in cluster composition is spring water (5 clusters). The complex cluster structure of water made it possible to propose an index of water structure, which reflects the percentage of clusters with certain values of total antioxidant activity and the degree of water trophy. As a result, the work provides the recommendations on the values of total antioxidant activity of water at the water intake and offtake of combined Heat and Power plant.
Development of technical vision hardware and software complex to improve concentration tables’ operational efficiency and range of applications
Authors: Velichko M A , Esina E V , Gladkikh Yu P , Esin V A , Kostina I B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The work is devoted to development of technical vision system for the concentration tables. It is shown that new technologies applied to the design of concentration tables will significantly help companies, specializing in extraction and handling of common minerals in deep processing of construction sands in order to obtain more expensive products. Technical vision hardware and software complex is considered as one of automation systems, that can greatly improve productivity of concentration tables, provide energy, human and essential mineral resource saving (e.g. of such minerals as titanium-zirconium raw material). Described is the mechanism of different fractions dividing on the concentration table. Shown is the process of dividing line recognition by technical vision system. Depicted is the system structure and the used elements. Pictured is the software general operation including camera image analysis before making decisions and hardware control.
Feasibility of construction and installation site of differential pressure sensors for gas energy efficient plant for coarse and fine purification
Authors: Usachev A P , Shuraits A L , Rulev A V , Biryukov A V , Pikalov A A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper substantiates the construction and location of differential pressure sensors for a coarse and fine gas energy-saving plant. Energy saving is achieved by installing filtering cylindrical elements of fine and coarse purification one inside the other, optimizing their shape and substantiating the location of the differential pressure sensors. The results of the studies show that the total specific heat consumption for heating and ventilation of purification plants from all energy-saving measures for the proposed option is 1.85 times lower than the existing analogue of the non-optimized shape and measuring the pressure drop at the inlet and outlet branch pipes. The article also proved that the static gas pressure in the lower part of filter elements of the coarse and fine purification will always be higher than in their upper part. This results in a proportionally higher amount of inlet gas and therefore more solids settling in the bottom of the filter element. Measurement of the pressure drop in the lower part of the filter element, the most clogged with solid particles, makes it possible to receive a signal at the dispatching console earlier and provides a time reserve for technical personnel to timely remove accumulated blockages from coarse purification elements and prompt replacement of fine purification elements.
Identification of the energy consumption macromodel for the energy complex in oil and gas producing enterprise into the generalized golden section metric
Authors: Kolesov V I , Khmara G A , Khakimyanov M I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The problems of increasing the energy efficiency of oil and gas production are becoming very urgent. The cost of purchasing electricity greatly affects the cost of hydrocarbons. The cost of electricity is an important contributor to the price of oil and gas. This is due to low oil and gas prices and expensive electricity. Reliable power supply to oil and gas fields is a big problem. Oil companies are starting to use gas turbine power plants, solar panels and wind turbines. Under these conditions, oil companies are trying to optimize their energy costs. Most of the electricity is consumed by downhole production and injection wells. Development of mathematical models allows minimizing power consumption. All technological processes of oil and gas production are interconnected. Water injection into the reservoir affects the production pumps. The operation of borehole pumps affects the oil treatment and pipeline transportation systems. The tools’ synthesis for modelling development strategies in the electric power field into oil and gas producing enterprises (OGPE) is considered. The structural and parametric identification of the macromodel for energy consumption in the OGPE energy complex into the generalized Golden section metric is performed. The calculations’ results are given.
Stress-strain behavior monitoring of metal structures of NPP
Authors: Baldin A M , Kurteev A V , Orlov K E , Sevastyanov M M , Tashlykov O L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Conclusiveness of NPP safety assurance has been actualized. Methods of reliability and operability assurance of NPP elements during operation, life extension and putting out of service have been presented. The importance of diagnostics and monitoring of the condition of equipment, pipelines and structures of a NPP during operation, life extension and putting out of service have been pointed out. Distinctive features of working in radiation hazardous conditions and importance of remote diagnostic and monitoring methods as a part of the doze rates reduction have been presented. The developed and constructed system for monitoring the stress-strain behavior of a metal structures and the principles of its operation have been presented. The schematic diagram of the system and its components have been described. The description of the research methodology, its purpose, main stages and the results of carried out experiments have been presented. The operability of the system and the reliability of its readings have been confirmed. The dependence of the monitoring system’s readings on the mechanical loading of the sample tested in the corresponding experiment has been obtained. The applicability of the developed system for monitoring the stress-strain behavior of a metal structures of NPP elements has been confirmed.
The outlook for multivibrator application in the present day electronic systems
Authors: Savvin N Yu , Garbuzov D D , Singatulin R S , Roshchubkin P V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper discusses challenges that the present-day electronic industry of the Russian Federation faces today, analyses reasons for lagging in this sector in volume and production scale of the finished products in comparison to the leading in this area countries, suggests ways for reaching a new level in this industry by implementing a nationwide digitalization, reviews a place of digital signals in modern-day electronic, their types, creation methods, main characteristics, devices for generation and processing. The method of digital signals forming using the multivibrator was suggested in this paper. Different multivibrator types were reviewed, including the multivibrator with AND-NOT gates, its advantages were considered in comparison with the transistor stage multivibrators, parameters of the electronic circuit elements in the AND-NOT gate multivibrator for generating a signal with the required characteristics were calculated, then the multivibrator was assembled and the output signal parameters were taken down. The output signal parameters and the calculated parameters were identical. The conclusion was made about the possibility of the suggested AND-NOT gate multivibrator application in the complex automatic control circuits and electronic systems indication circuits as a device that generates signals with the required parameters.
Use of a group of underwater hydraulic tarans for the water supply system
Authors: Sokolov V Y , Naumov S A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
When choosing water-lifting equipment, a number of issues related to the type of water intake structure, the energy for driving the plant, the adopted pressure and control structures, and the automation system are solved. Their structures should be simple, convenient to operate, have an affordable cost, provide the required water supply to the above areas. For agricultural water supply and irrigation of land plots located above the water source, the equipment for lifting water using the energy of the water flow - a hydraulic ram - fully meets the requirements of all known means of mechanizing the water lift. The cascade hydraulic unit operates due to dispersed energy of open water flows and hydraulic impact energy. The use of a cascade hydraulic ram plant on the river will allow the water supply of individual consumers without the cost of electricity, which is absolutely safe for the environment. The proposed topic of work is therefore very relevant.
Transforming Brackish Water into Ingestion Liquid Using Solar Still, Physico-Chemical Analysis
Authors: Shanmugasundaram K , Sivasenthil E , Manikandan V , Raju Ganesh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, an endeavor has been made to purify waste water by using solar still and the purity of water has been examined using physico-chemical properties such as taste, odour, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, total alkalinity, total hardness, magnesium, magnesium hardness, calcium, calcium hardness, sulphate, nitrate, iron, chloride, silica were shows the purity of water. Standard methods were used for determinatio n of physical and chemical characteristics of the waste water and distilled water. The outcomes were equaled with standards prescribed by IS:(10500-1991). As a result, the physico-chemical parameters exceeded the water quality standards and the waste water (Brackish water) is unfit for drinking purpose as it was contaminated and the quality of water is very bad. It needs some degree of treatment before consumption. Hence the waste water is cleansed by means of solar still and found that the physicochemical parameters are underneath permissible limit of IS:(10500-1991). From these results it is clear that, purification of waste water by using solar still is an optimistic approach fo r the production of drinking water and also can be used as a purifier in brackish area.
Temperature influence on a quality on printing in a printing machine
Authors: Martirosyan Sedrak 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper the temperature influence on a quality printing in a printing machine is discussed. The case of contact printing shafts and paper is investigated, the cases, when temperature is neglected and it’s effect on a quality of printing investigated as well. Beside that, three different type of papers investigated depending temperature influence. The stressstrain state in the printing layers is discussed, it is possible to define the printing quality in the contact zones.
Fabrication of PET/PU/ZnO NPs based Polymer Nanocomposite for Uniform Dispersion of ZnO Nanoparticles by Bar Spreading and Chemical Bath Deposition Method
Authors: Pawar Jayant , Deshmukh Rushikesh , Ruikar Shilpa , Pisal Sharmilee , Masurkar Snehal , Bhayani Mihir , Kale S. C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Currently, nanomaterials are one of the materials being used commercially almost in all domains to improve the quality of products due to its physical, chemical, optical, antimicrobial and catalytic properties. In present paper, one of its roles in polymer chemistry has been explored, in this regards, the fabrication method developed for uniform coating of PET films with ZnO nanoparticles. In this direction, ZnO nanomaterials are very important as they are biocompatible, non- cytotoxic, cheap and easy to produce. The ZnO nanoparticles were obtained by facile hydrothermal route using zinc acetate and urea as precursors in water. The surface coating of nanomaterials on PET/PU films were achieved by bar spreader and chemical bath deposition method. Further, the structural and morphological analysis reveals uniform coating of ZnO nanostructures on to the PET/PU films.
Comparative Study on Non-Linear Time History Analysis of a Building With and Without Base Isolation using ETABS
Authors: Selwyn Babu J. , Rex J. , Priya Reddy V. , Britto Jeyakumar M.S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Base isolation is a device which is used to discrete the building from its foundation. Therefore, all through seismic activity, the building does not change due to the earthquake. Even if the earth moves violently, buildings tend to move like rigid bodies instead of collapsing In the current study, reinforced concrete framed structures of G + 8 and G + 16 (with and without base isolation) are considered with a 3 m high floor in the seismic zone V. The base isolator for both structures is designed to determine the stiffness and physical magnitudes of the lead rubber bearing core (LRB) specified at the base of the frame. The buildings were analyzed using nonlinear time history technique in ETABS. The effect of Base isolator is studied and building reactions like storey displacements, storey shear, storey drifts, and overturning moments can be seen in graphs. A general examination of G+8 and G+16 buildings with and without base isolator is watched.
Selection of optimal parting line for forging in various equipments using numerical analysis
Authors: Raj Mathala Prithvi , Kumar Manoj , Pramanick Ajit Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
While designing of dies for forging, one of the most important criteria which has to be considered is the selection of parting line/plane. Selection and location of the parting line greatly affect the grain flow direction in the component, load which is coming on the dies and it also determines the location of the burr which is formed in the component after trimming. The main objective of this paper is to select a suitable parting line/plane, for hot forging a circular component in mechanical press and drop hammer. For studying the effect of parting line, four dies are designed with different parting lines (top parting line, bottom parting line, central parting and inverted dies) location for hot forging of an automotive component coupling flange. Two commonly used equipments (mechanical press and drop hammer) are considered for determining the effect of parting line location on load requirement which finally decides the die wear and die life. Numerical analysis is carried out with these dies using a finite element based software DEFORM-3D. Top parting line gave best results with minimum load, minimum effective-stress and favourable grain flow in mechanical press. Whereas, in case of hammer, inverted dies yielded in minimum load, minimum effective stress and favourable grain flow.
An approach to eliminate shell cracking problem in fused deposition modeling pattern based investment casting process
Authors: Singh Simranjeet , Kumar Parlad , Singh Jagmeet 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fused deposition modeling process can be used to make complex plastic parts directly from the three dimensional CAD drawings without any requirement of tooling. For low volume production, these plastic parts can be used instead of wax patterns in investment casting process to reduce high cost of tooling required for making wax patterns. But with plastic patterns there is a problem of ceramic shell cracking during the pattern burnout process. This shell cracking is mainly due to thermal expansion of the plastic sprue and plastic patterns. In this paper, a method has been proposed to eliminate the problem of shell cracking by using a wax sprue instead of plastic sprue. A joint has been designed to attach plastic patterns with wax sprue. It has been found that the proposed method is successful in eliminated the shell cracking problem. In addition to this, the proposed method is expected to reduce the process cycle time and cost.
Replacement of OPC by Zirconium Nano Particle in Concrete
Authors: Manikanta Sai Swaroop M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It has been shown nanoparticles can act as heterogeneous nuclei for cement pastes, further accelerating cement hydration because of their high reactivity. As a nano-filler, it densifying the microstructure, thereby, leading to a reduced porosity. Because of ultrafine size, nanoparticles show unique physical and chemical properties different from those of the conventional materials. Because of their unique properties, nanoparticles have gained good attention in construction fields. In this study, 1% cement was placed with ZrO2 nanoparticle of 33 nm to improve the mechanical (compression strength and split tensile strength), durability (Rapid chloride permeability and carbonation test) and microstructural (FESEM) properties in concrete structures and results are compared with normal concrete.
Health state of hussain sagar
Authors: Prakash Akula , Ravinder Rathod , Anand Goud K , Mounika Kandlagunta 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the heart of Hyderabad City, India, Hussain Sagar Lake, a historical lake constructed in 1952 by Hussain Shaw Wali, is situated. Earlier until the 1930s, for both twin cities of Hyderabad and secunderabad, it was the primary supply of water to satisfy drinking and irrigation requirements. Now this lake became a mere garbage bin without proper treatment for wastewater loads coming from point and non-point sources. The lake then lacks the capacity to self-purify a mechanism that has an important element that relies on the overall ambient oxygen uptake. Several schemes have been initiated to develop HUSSAIN SAGAR Lake and its surroundings by the authorities concerned. HMDA, a regulatory body set up by the government of Andhra Pradesh, recently launched ‘Hussain sagar lake and catchment area development project’ in 2004 with reference to the lake health status and set up STPS and wastewater interception and diversion systems. But all such steps are unsuccessful. Ultimately, by gathering samples based on time intervals and various places, we expect findings based on our test results.
Development of Teff-Starch based Edible Film: Mechanical and Optical Properties
Authors: Venkatesa Prabhu S , Hemalatha P , Tizazu Belachew Zegale , Gosu Amsalu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Teff is a unique staple food in Ethiopia. Teff has not been investigated in detail with respect to biofilm base material. In this study, a biofilm was prepared using teff-starch. Further, water barrier, mechanical, and optical properties of the teff-starch based films were investigated. These properties were compared with the cassava-starch based biofilm that was developed with same combination of plasticizer, surfactant and agar. The result showed that teff-starch based edible film is good compactable for food packaging material. Also, the mechanical and optical properties compared with standard cassava-starch based biofilm showed teff-starch films are better appropriate as for a packaging material.
Numerical investigation of convective heat transfer in fluid flow past a tandem of triangular and square cylinders in channel
Authors: Moussaoui M. A. , Admi Y. , Lahmer E. B. , Mezrhab A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA numerical study of a two-dimensional laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics in a horizontal channel containing two in-line obstacles of different shapes, namely an upstream triangular cylinder and a downstream square cylinder, was carried out. It is based on a coupling between the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) and the Finite Difference Method (FDM). The airflow (Pr = 0.71) is assumed to be laminar and incompressible. All physical properties of the fluid, expect its density, are supposed to be constant. The two cylinders are kept at a constant hot temperature, while the incoming flow is at a cold temperature. The Reynolds number and the horizontal separation distance between the cylinders are varied to investigate their influences on fluid flow and heat transfer.
Damage tolerance design of transport aircraft
Authors: Vishnu H , Ajith Kumar R , Sujith R , Suraj R , Girish K E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In a transport aircraft, there are normally two spars to withstand bending loads. A large part of this bending moment is drawn from the main spar. The main spar in large transport wings is an integrally machined part that is physically connected to the skin and ribs. At some fastener openings, the mechanical fastening contributes to extreme tension concentration where a fatigue crack can originate. This crack will form first in the flange under service loading and then expand into the spar network. If not detected during service and repaired, this crack growth can lead to catastrophic failure. This investigation aims at examining the main spar’s alternate structural design to make it damage tolerant. With one more intermediate flange and at a height of one-third from the bottom flange, the spar construction will be in two separate parts. The bottom flange and web can fail in the case of fatigue cracking, but the top flange, web, and intermediate flange will remain intact and can be designed to bear the requisite load limit design. An approach to finite element modelling and analysis is also used to analyze all forms of spar constriction and test the principle of harm tolerance nature.