bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Coupled Effects of Dryness and Non‐condensable Gas Content of Geothermal Fluid on the Power Generation Potential of an Enhanced Geothermal System
Authors: LI Tailu , LI Xuelong , JIA Yanan , GAO Xiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) is a recognized geothermal exploitation system for hot dry rock (HDR), which is a rich resource in China. In this study, a numerical simulation method is used to study the effects of geothermal fluid dryness and non‐condensable gas content on the specific enthalpy of geothermal fluid. Combined with the organic Rankine cycle (ORC), a numerical model is established to ascertain the difference in power generation caused by geothermal fluid dryness and non‐condensable gas content. The results show that the specific enthalpy of geothermal fluid increases with the increase of geothermal fluid temperature and geothermal fluid dryness. If the dryness of geothermal fluid is ignored, the estimation error will be large for geothermal fluid enthalpy. Ignoring non condensable gas will increase the estimation of geothermal fluid enthalpy, so the existence of the non‐condensable gas tends to reduce the installed capacity of a geothermal power plant. Additionally, both mass flow of the working medium and net power output of the ORC power generation system are increased with increasing dryness of geothermal fluid, however there is some impact of geothermal fluid dryness on thermal efficiency.
Fracture Characteristics and Heat Accumulation of Jixianian Carbonate Reservoirs in the Rongcheng Geothermal Field, Xiong'an New Area
Authors: WANG Yingjin , MA Feng , XIE Heping , WANG Guiling , WANG Zhihe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGeothermal energy plays an important role in urban construction of the Xiong'an New Area. Geothermal reservoir fracture distribution of the Mesoproterozoic Jixianian Wumishan Formation (Fm.) carbonate reservoir in the Rongcheng geothermal field are evaluated based on FMI log from Wells D19 and D21. The results show carbonate reservoir fracture density of Well D19 is 15.2/100 m, greater than that of Well D21 with a value of 9.2/100 m. Reservoir porosity and permeability of Well D19 are better than that of Well D21, and the water saturation is bimodally distributed. The movable fluid volume ratio (BVM) of Well D19 is 2% to 8% with some zones exceeding 20%, while the value of Well D21 is less than 4%. Therefore, reservoir fractures in Well D19 are more conducive to fluid flow. Reservoir fractures have a similar occurrence to normal faults, indicating that the tensile stress field controlled the formation of such fractures. Developed reservoir fractures provide a good channel for groundwater convection. The circulation of regional groundwater and the heat exchange between water and rock and the multiple heat accumulation patterns form a stable and high potential heat reservoir in the Rongcheng geothermal field.
Improved Preproduction Conceptual‐Numerical Model of the Roosevelt Geothermal Field using Geological, Geochemical and Structural Information
Authors: YU Han , XU Tianfu , YUAN Yilong , FENG Guanhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area (KGRA) is a Basin and Range‐type geothermal resource, which is located in southwestern Utah. The integrated multicomponent geothermometry (IMG) approach is used to estimate the reservoir temperature at the Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA. Geothermometric modeling results indicate the deep reservoir temperature is approximately 284.6°C. A conceptual model of the Roosevelt Hot Spring KGRA is provided through integrating the various pieces of exploration information, including the geological data, geothermometric results, temperature well log and field evidence. A two‐dimensional cross‐sectional model was thus built to quantitatively investigate the coupled thermal‐hydraulic processes in the Roosevelt geothermal field. By matching the preproduction temperature log data of deep wells, parameters controlling flow and heat transport are identified. The method and model presented here may be useful for other geothermal fields with similar conditions.
Fracture Network Volume Fracturing Technology in High‐temperature Hard Formation of Hot Dry Rock
Authors: CHEN Zuo , XU Guoqing , ZHOU Jian , LIU Jiankun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is more difficult for a hot dry rock to form a fracture network system than shale due to its special lithology, physical and mechanical properties under high temperature. The essential characteristics, rock mechanics and in‐situ stress characteristics of a hot rock mass have been systematically studied by means of laboratory tests and true tri‐axial physical simulation. The fracture initiation and propagation characteristics under different geological and engineering conditions are physically simulated, and the main controlling factors for the formation of a complex fracture network are revealed. The technology of low displacement for enhancing thermal cracking, gel fluid for expanding fracture and variable displacement cyclic injection for increasing a fracture network has been applied in the field, and good results have been achieved. Micro‐seismic monitoring results demonstrate that complex fractures were formed in the field test, and the stimulation volume for heat exchanging reaches more than 3 million cubic meters. The research results play an important role in the stimulation technology of an enhanced geothermal system (EGS) and realize a breakthrough for power generation.
Hydraulic Fracturing‐induced Seismicity at the Hot Dry Rock Site of the Gonghe Basin in China
Authors: CHEN Zubin , ZHAO Fa , SUN Feng , LÜ Hao , WANG Chunlu , WU Haidong , ZHOU Xiaohua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHot dry rock is becoming an important clean energy source. Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) hold great promise for the potential to make a contribution to the energy inventory. However, one controversial issue associated with EGS is the impact of induced seismicity. In August 2019, a hydraulic stimulation experiment took place at the hot dry rock site of the Gonghe Basin in Qinghai, China. Earthquakes of different magnitudes of 2 or less occurred during the hydraulic stimulation. Correlations between hydraulic stimulation and seismic risk are still under discussion. Here, we analyze the hydraulic stimulation test and microseismic activity. We quantify the evolution of several parameters to explore the correlations between hydraulic stimulation and induced seismicity, including hydraulic parameters, microseismic events, b‐value and statistical forecasting of event magnitudes. The results show that large‐magnitude microseismic events have an upward trend with an increase of the total fluid volume. The variation of the b‐value with time indicates that the stimulation experiment induces small amounts of seismicity. Forecasted magnitudes of events can guide operational decisions with respect to induced seismicity during hydraulic fracturing operations, thus providing the basis for risk assessment of hot dry rock exploitation.
Uncertainty and learning in a technologically dynamic industry: Seed density in U.S. maize
Authors: Perry Edward D. , Hennessy David A. , Moschini GianCarlo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe large and sustained yield gains achieved since the introduction of maize hybrids in the 1930s (about 1.8 bushels per acre per year) have been accompanied by a remarkably parallel and steady increase in seeding density. This increase occurred in an environment characterized by rapid technological innovation, including genetic engineering, and commercial hybrid varieties with short life cycles. An important question, then, is whether and how breeders and farmers have learned about the optimal planting density. In this paper, we use unique and detailed U.S. farm‐level data, consisting of more than 400,000 planting choices from 1995–2016, to assess the nature of learning about seeding density. Importantly, we control for unobserved confounders through both hybrid and farm‐level fixed effects. We find that the variance in planting rates for a given hybrid has decreased over time, and that farmers tend to plant a given variety at higher rates over time. This is consistent with Bayesian learning in which risk‐neutral farmers possess priors consistently below the true optimal rate. We cast doubt on risk aversion as a credible explanation for this finding by analyzing the contrasting evolution of soybean planting rates (a crop with exogenously different agronomic determinants of seed density). We interpret our results as evidence of inertia: the initial bias in maize farmers' priors is tilted towards the optimal planting rates of varieties planted in the past. One implication of the finding that farmers historically underinvested in seeding rates is that eliminating this tendency could result in productivity gains.
International Status Concerns and Domestic Support for Political Leaders
Authors: Powers Ryan , Renshon Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study how international status concerns among the public affect support for political leaders, arguing that because status competition is pervasive in social life and because international status competition entails high‐profile displays of scientific or martial savvy, the public is likely to be attuned to the status implications of foreign policy crises. We test this argument in seven survey experiments across four issue areas. The results show that adverse outcomes in world affairs increase expectations of international status loss and, through that mechanism, reduce presidential approval. Analysis of open‐ended survey responses reveals that the public views international status in much the same way that international relations scholars do: it is multidimensional, positional, and instrumentally useful. Taken together, our results suggest that the public's international status concerns have significant implications for leaders and offer new insight into how the public parses the implications of events abroad.
Association of urinary organophosphate esters level with sex steroid hormones levels in adult males: A nationwide study, NHANES 2013–2014
Authors: Chen Zeyu , Qiu Shi , Zhang Chichen , Zhan Yu , Liu Liangren , Bao Yige , Chen Bo , Bai Yunjin , Zheng Xiaonan , Huang Yin , Jin Kun , Han Ping , Wei Qiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundExposure to environmental pollution via different mechanisms is associated with multiple endocrine dysfunctions. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are endocrine‐disrupting chemicals that affect sex steroid hormones.PurposeWe aimed to study the effect of OPEs and their metabolites, such as diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), bis(1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), bis(2‐chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP), and dibutyl phosphate (DBUP), on sex steroid hormones in males.Design, setting, participants, and interventionThis cross‐sectional analytical study analyzed data from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey among 763 male participants aged ≥20 years.Main outcome measuresThe relationships between the metabolites of OPEs and total testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone‐binding globulin, and the ratio of total testosterone to estradiol (a parameter derived from total testosterone and estradiol) were evaluated using multivariate linear regression models that were adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 763 participants, with a mean age of 44.59 (±15.59) years, were enrolled. Of these, 65.7% participants had non‐Hispanic white ancestry, 9.83% had non‐Hispanic black ancestry, and 15.97% had Hispanic ancestry. Participants with higher urinary level of DPHP had a lower level of total testosterone and estradiol. Moreover, higher urinary levels of BDCPP were associated with higher estradiol.ConclusionAccording to our study, which is based on a representative population of US adults, exposure to OPEs was significantly associated with altered sex hormone levels (total testosterone and estradiol). Further studies focused on the underlying mechanisms regarding the association between each metabolite and sex steroid hormones are required.
Distress, problems and unmet rehabilitation needs after treatment for gynecological cancer
Authors: Seland Mette , Skrede Katrine , Lindemann Kristina , Skaali Tone , Blomhoff Rune , Bruheim Kjersti , Wisløff Torbjørn , Thorsen Lene 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of distress, problems and need for rehabilitation among women treated for gynecological cancer is largely unknown. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of distress, problems and unmet rehabilitation needs in the first years after treatment for gynecological cancer.Material and methodsWomen treated for gynecological cancer within the last 2 years were invited. Participants responded to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer and Problem List measuring distress and problems. They also answered a questionnaire regarding physical endurance, muscle strength, and need for rehabilitation services.ResultsOf 114 eligible women, 92 (81%) agreed to participate. Mean time since last treatment was 7.6 months (range 0–24.5 months). A total of 57% of the participants reported distress. The four most common problems reported were fatigue (58%), tingling in hands/feet (54%), worry (53%), and problems with memory/concentration (50%). Problems associated with distress were: dealing with partner, all emotional problems (i.e. depression, fears, nervousness, sadness, worry, and loss of interest in usual activities), appearance, memory/concentration, pain, sex, sleep, and problems with physical endurance and muscle strength. Fifty‐two percent reported unmet needs for rehabilitation services. Women with distress reported more unmet rehabilitation needs than those in the non‐distressed group.ConclusionsThe prevalence of distress in this population of women treated for gynecological cancer was high. Having a high number of problems and having unmet needs for rehabilitation services were both associated with distress. Hence, measurement of distress seems to be helpful when assessing the need for rehabilitation services.
Acute response to cholinergic challenge predicts long‐term response to galantamine treatment in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Baakman Anne Catrien , Gavan Carmen , van Doeselaar Lotte , de Kam Marieke , Broekhuizen Karen , Bajenaru Ovidiu , Camps Laura , Swart Eleonora L. , Kalisvaart Kees , Schoonenboom Niki , Lemstra Evelien , Scheltens Philip , Cohen Adam , van Gerven Joop , Groeneveld Geert Jan 
Published: December 2021

AimsCholinesterase inhibitors (CEIs) have been shown to improve cognitive functioning in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, but are associated with multiple side effects and only 20–40% of the patients clinically improve. In this study, we aimed to investigate the acute pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of administration of a single dose of galantamine on central nervous system (CNS) functioning in mild to moderate AD patients and its potential to predict long‐term treatment response.MethodsThis study consisted of a challenge and treatment phase. In the challenge phase, a single dose of 16 mg galantamine was administered to 50 mild to moderate AD patients in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled cross‐over fashion. Acute PD effects were monitored up to 5 hours after administration with use of the NeuroCart CNS test battery and safety and pharmacokinetics were assessed. In the treatment phase, patients were treated with open‐label galantamine according to regular clinical care. After 6 months of galantamine treatment, patients were categorized as either responder or as non‐responder based on their minimental state examination (MMSE), neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) and disability assessment in dementia (DAD) scores. An analysis of covariance was performed to study the difference in acute PD effects during the challenge phase between responders and non‐responders.ResultsA single dose of galantamine significantly reduced saccadic reaction time (−0.0099; 95% CI = −0.0195, −0.0003;P = .0430), absolute frontal EEG parameters in alpha (−14.9; 95% CI = −21.0, −8.3;P = .0002), beta (−12.6; 95% CI = −19.4, −5.3;P = .0019) and theta (−17.9; 95% CI = −25.0, −10.0;P = .0001) frequencies. Relative frontal (−1.669; 95% CI = −2.999, −0.339;P = .0156) and occipital (−1.856; 95% CI = −3.339, −0.372;P = .0166) EEG power in theta frequency and relative occipital EEG power in the gamma frequency (1.316; 95% CI = 0.158, 2.475;P = .0273) also increased significantly compared to placebo. Acute decreases of absolute frontal alpha (−20.4; 95% CI = −31.6, −7.47;P = .0046), beta (−15.7; 95% CI = −28.3, −0.93;P = .0390) and theta (−25.9; 95% CI = −38.4, −10.9;P = .0024) EEG parameters and of relative frontal theta power (−3.27%; 95% CI = −5.96, −0.58;P = .0187) on EEG significantly distinguished responders (n = 11) from non‐responders (n = 32) after 6 months.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that acute PD effects after single dose of galantamine are correlated with long‐term treatment effects and that patients who demonstrate a reduction in EEG power in the alpha and theta frequency after a single administration of galantamine 16 mg will most likely respond to treatment.
Effects of dalteparin on anti‐Xa activities cannot be predicted in critically ill COVID‐19 patients
Authors: van der Heijden Charlotte D. C. C. , ter Heine Rob , Kooistra Emma J. , Brüggemann Roger J. , Walburgh Schmidt Jesper W. J. , de Grouw Elke P. L. M. , Frenzel Tim , Pickkers Peter , Leentjens Jenneke 
Published: December 2021

Critically ill COVID‐19 patients are at high risk of thromboembolic events despite routine‐dosed low‐molecular‐weight heparin thromboprophylaxis. However, in recent randomized trials increased‐intensity thromboprophylaxis seemed futile and possibly even harmful. In this explorative pharmacokinetic (PK) study we measured anti‐Xa activities on frequent timepoints in 15 critically ill COVID‐19 patients receiving dalteparin and performed PK analysis by nonlinear mixed‐effect modelling. A linear one‐compartment model with first‐order kinetics provided a good fit. However, wide interindividual variation in dalteparin absorption (variance 78%) and clearance (variance 34%) was observed, unexplained by routine clinical covariates. Using the final PK model for Monte Carlo simulations, we predicted increased‐intensity dalteparin to result in anti‐Xa activities well over prophylactic targets (0.2‐0.4 IU/mL) in the majority of patients. Therapeutic‐intensity dalteparin results in supratherapeutic anti‐Xa levels (target 0.6‐1.0 IU/mL) in 19% of patients and subtherapeutic levels in 22%. Therefore, anti‐Xa measurements should guide high‐intensity dalteparin in critically ill COVID‐19 patients.
Semiparametric Count Data Regression for Self-Reported Mental Health
Authors: Kowal Daniel R. , Wu Bohan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract‘‘For how many days during the past 30 days was your mental health not good?” The responses to this question measure self-reported mental health and can be linked to important covariates in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). However, these count variables present major distributional challenges: The data are overdispersed, zero-inflated, bounded by 30, and heaped in 5- and 7-day increments. To address these challenges—which are especially common for health questionnaire data—we design a semiparametric estimation and inference framework for count data regression. The data-generating process is defined by simultaneously transforming and rounding (star) a latent Gaussian regression model. The transformation is estimated nonparametrically and the rounding operator ensures the correct support for the discrete and bounded data. Maximum likelihood estimators are computed using an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm that is compatible with any continuous data model estimable by least squares. star regression includes asymptotic hypothesis testing and confidence intervals, variable selection via information criteria, and customized diagnostics. Simulation studies validate the utility of this framework. Using star regression, we identify key factors associated with self-reported mental health and demonstrate substantial improvements in goodness-of-fit compared to existing count data regression models.
Structure–activity trends analysis between amino acid compositions and minimal inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Zouhir Abdelmajid , Semmar Nabil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provide large structural libraries of molecules with high variability of constitutional amino acids (AAs). Highlighting structural organization and structure–activity trends in such molecular systems provides key information on structural associations and functional conditions that could usefully help for drug design. This work presents link analyses between minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and different types of constitutionalAAsof anti‐Pseudomonas aeruginosa AMPs. This scope was based on a dataset of 328 published molecules. Regulation levels ofAAsinAMPswere statistically ordinated by correspondence analysis helping for classification of the 328AMPsinto nine structurally homogeneous peptide clusters (PCs 1‐9) characterized by high/low relative occurrences of differentAAs. Within eachPC, negative trends betweenMICandAAswere highlighted by iterated multiple linear regression models built by bootstrap processes (bagging).MICdecrease was linked to differentAAsthat varied withPCs: alcohol‐typeAAs(Thr,Ser) inCys‐rich and lowArg PCs(PCs 1‐3); basicAAs(Lys,Arg) inPro‐rich and lowVal PCs(PCs 4‐8);Trp(heterocyclicAA) inArg‐richPCs(PCs 6,7,9). AliphaticAAs(more particularlyGly) showedMICreduction effects in differentPCsessentially under interactive forms.