bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Reproductive Life Plan in Pregnant Women Referred to Teaching Hospitals of Mashhad, Iran
Authors: Sardasht Fatemeh Ghaffari , Keramat Afsaneh , Motaghi Zahra 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Reproductive Life Planning (RLP) is a person-centered approach that investigates the reproductive needs, values, and priorities of each person and not only reduces the risk of unwanted pregnancies but also improves pregnancy outcomes and childbirth by investigating the health behaviors and underlying diseases of each individual. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess RLP in pregnant women.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 1019 pregnant women who were referred to outpatient clinics of teaching hospitals in Mashhad, Iran, during May–August 2019. The participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. The data collection tool used was a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software.

Results:
The results of this study showed that about two-thirds of the participants had a plan for their reproductive years. The age range of the participants was 13–47 years. Among the women, 38.60% had experienced failure of contraceptive method, and 32.20% had an unmet need for family planning. Moreover, only one-third of the women had been referred for preconception care, but 88.70% of the pregnant women had their initial prenatal care visit in their first trimester.

Conclusions:
Given the considerable number of unwanted pregnancies and unmet needs for family planning in the present study, the modification of family planning policies seems necessary. Various strategies have been proposed to prevent unintended pregnancies such as RLP. The long-term goals of RLP are to plan pregnancies and improve maternal and infant outcomes.
Perceived Risk in Women with High Risk Pregnancy
Authors: Shojaeian Zahra , Khadivzadeh Talat , Sahebi Ali , Kareshki Hossein , Tara Fatemeh 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Risk perception in high-risk pregnancies influences the mothers' adherence to medical treatments and recommendations. Because of the lack of information about the women's perception of risk, the aim of this study was to explain perception of risk in high-risk pregnancies.

Materials and Methods:
This qualitative study was conducted on 25 women with a high-risk pregnancy in educational hospitals of Mashhad, Iran, from August 2017 to August 2018. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and data saturation was reached after 29 interviews. Data collection and analysis were simultaneously carried out using the qualitative content analysis method adopted by Elo and Kyngäs in MAXQDA software.

Results:
Data analysis resulted in the four main categories of perception of risk control ability (risk controlling through experience, risk tolerance through relying on a higher power, and risk tolerance to reach family goals), wrong estimation of risk (wrong calculation of possible risks based on wrong beliefs and knowledge, and incorrect risk estimation caused by misunderstanding), possibility of mutual vulnerability of pregnancy and risk condition (possibility of vulnerability of the fetus to risk factors, and possibility of the mother's vulnerability to risk factors), and induced risk (risk induced by negative experiences, induced threat of unknown pregnancy outcome, and fear of ambiguous medical terms).

Conclusions:
The results of this study promoted our understanding of risk perception in women with high-risk pregnancies. Therefore, it will help to establish a-Ž better link between women with a high-risk pregnancy and the health team, enhance and improve maternal and fetal care.
Codeine for Acute Extremity Pain
Authors: Marchand Dave K. , Argáez Charlene 
Published: March 2021

No comparative evidence was found on the use of codeine, as a single ingredient, for acute extremity pain management.
There are many types of codeine combinations drugs available, which makes a direct comparison difficult and increases the uncertainty of the results. Although the overall analysis is inconclusive, in many comparisons, codeine was no different than the comparator group in increasing patient satisfaction or in reducing pain scores, the need for additional analgesia, and the number of adverse events.
Most of the evidence is from studies without a placebo arm; therefore, it is not possible to know how much of the pain reduction was unrelated to codeine.
Most of the evidence is from studies in which patients received a single dose of a codeine combination drug and were observed for a very limited time, usually minutes to hours. This increases the uncertainty of the findings, and safety information needs to be interpreted with caution.
Revision for periprosthetic joint infection rate stratified by seasonality of operation in a national population of total and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty patients: a register-based analysis
Authors: Hald Julius Tetens , Hesselvig Anne Brun , Jensen Andreas Kryger , Odgaard Anders 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the revision rate for
periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) depends on the season of the primary
procedure using a national population of knee arthroplasty (KA) patients.
Seasonal variation of some surgical procedures has been observed to impact
subsequent infection risks, with a higher risk of revision for surgeries performed during summer, but an analysis of PJI rates based on a national arthroplasty register has yet to be completed. We hypothesized that an
increased risk of revision due to PJI could be demonstrated in a national
population when primary surgery was performed during the summer.
Methods: The Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry (DKR) was used to determine the risk
of revision due to PJI within 2 years after primary surgery. All primary KA
procedures between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2014 and revisions until 31 December 2016 were identified. Smoothing spline
regression was used to identify possible seasonal pattern effects of the primary procedure on revision risk, and logistic regression was used to calculate risk of infection differences between seasons.
Results: A total number of 124 809 primary procedures was registered in the study period. After excluding duplicates and matching primary procedures with the first revisions within 2 years after the primary procedure, 3391 were
identified. Of these, 348 cases were recorded with an indication of deep
infection requiring revision. Spline regression analyses did not demonstrate
any clear seasonal pattern of the primary procedure regarding the risk of
revision for infection or any other cause. Logistic regression found a
decreased risk of revision for infection when the primary procedure was
performed during the summer in the years 1997 to 2005, no influence on the risk of revision for infection in 2005 to 2012, and an increased risk of
revision for infection following summer procedures during the years 2013 to
2014.
Conclusion: It was not possible to demonstrate a consistent seasonal variation of the
risk of revision for PJI following primary KA. This is most likely because
the underlying etiologies for PJI are not subject to seasonal variation.
Gamificando en tiempos de coronavirus: el estudio de un caso
Authors: Salvador-García Celina 
Published: March 2021

La COVID-19 ha generado un escenario educativo inesperado en el que la educación a distancia se ha convertido una realidad en todas las etapas educativas. No obstante, atender a todo el alumnado debe seguir siendo una prioridad docente. Este estudio de caso examina el efecto generado por una propuesta gamificada sobre alumnado de tercero y cuarto de primaria. El estudio se acomete mediante una metodología mixta que analiza cuantitativamente los datos de participación del alumnado (n=138) y cualitativamente la percepción de la docente implicada a través de una entrevista. Los resultados cuantitativos, evidencian diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la participación del alumnado durante las semanas que se utilizó la gamificación. Además, la entrevista muestra cuatro categorías sobre las que se conforma la percepción de la docente sobre la intervención: inclusión, participación, motivación y reto personal. En conclusión, el estudio desvela que la gamificación puede ser un método útil para favorecer la educación inclusiva, aumentar la participación del alumnado e incrementar su motivación; y aporta información de calado susceptible de ser transferida a otros contextos a fin de mejorar las experiencias de educación a distancia garantizando la atención a todo el alumnado.
COVID-19 has come with an unexpected educative scenario where distance education became a reality in all educational stages. However, attending to every student should still be a must for all educators. This case study examines the effect of a gamified proposal on third and fourth level primary students. The study uses a mixed methods approach analyzing quantitatively students’ participation data (n=138) and qualitatively the viewpoint of the involved teacher through an interview. The quantitative results show statistically significant differences in the students’ participation during the weeks that gamification was applied. Moreover, the interview displays four categories that conform the teachers’ perspective regarding the intervention: inclusion, participation, motivation and personal challenge. In conclusion, the study discloses that gamification may be a useful method to promote an inclusive education, increase students’ participation as well as their motivation. In addition, it contributes to share relevant information transferable to other contexts in order to improve distance education experiences guaranteeing attention to all students.
Ontogeny and sex differences in object manipulation and probe tool use by wild tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus)
Authors: Falótico Tiago , Bueno Carolina Q. , Ottoni Eduardo B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) are the only Neotropical Primates that regularly use tools in the wild, but only one population of bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) is known to habitually use sticks as probes. In this population, males are typically the only sex to use stick tools, something unexpected, since there are no obvious physical constraints, and females do use stone tools in the wild and sticks in experimental conditions. We investigated the development of probe tool use in eight infants to clarify whether social influences on learning varied between the sexes, as tool use learning by capuchin monkeys is a socially biased process. We found that in the first 10 months of age, females manipulate sticks as much as males, but after 10–12 months of age, males begin to manipulate them at higher frequencies. We examined if social connections—as opportunities for social learning—could explain this difference and verified that, on close distance social networks, infant males and females have similar connections with older males. However, males observe probe tool use events more often than females when close to such events. The higher frequency of manipulation of sticks, as well as the higher rates of probe tool use observation, appear to be the key to understand why only males are probe tool users in this population. Since there are only male potential models of probe use, a sex motivational bias could explain the sex difference in observation; a bias in observation could explain the differences in manipulation—and manipulation rates would certainly influence the chances of individual, trial‐and‐error learning (a case of “local/stimulus enhancement”).
Enhanced Ultrasound Contrast of Renal‐Clearable Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Tan Yue , Chen Miaona , Chen Huarui , Wu Juefei , Liu Jinbin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRenal‐clearable nanoparticles are typically fast eliminated through the free glomerular filtration, which show weak interaction with the renal compartments and negligible ultrasound signals, raising challenges in direct imaging of kidney diseases. Here, we report the ultrasmall renal‐clearable luminescent gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with both pH‐induced charge reversal and aggregation properties, and discover that enhanced ultrasound contrast could be facilely acquired through the increased tubular reabsorption and in situ aggregation of AuNPs in renal tubule cells in injured kidneys. The tuning elimination pathway of the renal‐clearable luminescent AuNPs is further demonstrated to provide a synergistical fluorescence and ultrasound imaging strategy for diagnosing early kidney injury with precise anatomical information.
Amine‐Tagged Fragmented Ligand Installation for Covalent Modification of MOF‐74
Authors: Lim Jaewoong , Lee Seonghwan , Ha Hyeonbin , Seong Junmo , Jeong Seok , Kim Min , Baek Seung Bin , Lah Myoung Soo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMOF‐74 is one of the most explored metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), but its functionalization is limited to the dative post‐synthetic modification (PSM) of the monodentate solvent site. Owing to the nature of the organic ligand and framework structure of MOF‐74, the covalent PSM of MOF‐74 is very demanding. Herein, we report, for the first time, the covalent PSM of amine‐tagged defective Ni‐MOF‐74, which is prepared by de novo solvothermal synthesis by using aminosalicylic acid as a functionalized fragmented organic ligand. The covalent PSM of the amino group generates metal binding sites, and subsequent post‐synthetic metalation with PdII ions affords the PdII‐incorporated Ni‐MOF‐74 catalyst. This catalyst exhibits highly efficient, size‐selective, and recyclable catalytic activity for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. This strategy is also useful for the covalent modification of amine‐tagged defective Ni2(DOBPDC), an expanded analogue of MOF‐74.
A Simple Biomimetic Receptor Selectively Recognizing the GlcNAc2 Disaccharide in Water
Authors: Francesconi Oscar , Milanesi Francesco , Nativi Cristina , Roelens Stefano 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlcNAc2 is the core disaccharide fragment present in N‐glycans exposed on the surface of enveloped viruses of high health concern, such as coronaviruses. Because N‐glycans are directly involved in the docking of viruses to host cells, recognition of GlcNAc2 by a biomimetic receptor may be a convenient alternative to the use of lectins to interfere with viral entry and infection. Herein, we describe a simple biomimetic receptor recognizing the methyl‐β‐glycoside of GlcNAc2 in water with an unprecedented affinity of 160 μM, exceeding that of more structurally complex receptors reported in the literature. The tweezers‐shaped acyclic structure exhibits marked selectivity among structurally related disaccharides, and complete discrimination between mono‐ and disaccharides. Molecular modelling calculations supported by NOE data provided a three‐dimensional description of the binding mode, shedding light on the origin of the affinities and selectivities exhibited by the receptor.
Catalyst‐ and Reagent‐Free Formal Aza‐Wacker Cyclizations Enabled by Continuous‐Flow Electrochemistry
Authors: Huang Chong , Li Zhao‐Yu , Song Jinshuai , Xu Hai‐Chao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe development of efficient and sustainable methods to access saturated N‐heterocycles is of great importance because of the prevalence of these structures in natural products and bioactive compounds. Pd‐catalyzed aza‐Wacker type cyclization is a powerful method and provides access to N‐heterocycles bearing an alkene moiety available for further synthetic manipulations from readily available materials. Herein we disclose a catalyst‐ and reagent‐free formal aza‐Wacker type cyclization reaction for the synthesis of functionalized saturated N‐heterocycles. Key to the success is to conduct the reactions in a continuous‐flow electrochemical reactor without adding supporting electrolyte or additives. The reactions are characterized by broad tolerance of di‐, tri‐ and tetrasubstituted alkenes.
Are Amines the Holy Grail for Facilitating CO2 Reduction?
Authors: Jakobsen Joakim B. , Rønne Magnus H. , Daasbjerg Kim , Skrydstrup Troels 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe selective and efficient reduction of carbon dioxide represents a key solution to producing non‐fossil‐fuel‐based feedstocks for the chemical industry, while alleviating the increasing atmospheric concentration of this greenhouse gas. A variety of catalytic methods for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) have been developed, including hydrogenations and electrochemical or photochemical reductions. For many of the most significant breakthroughs reported in the last decade, we realized that amines or closely related functional groups play a critical role for such transformations, and in several cases, are directly associated with the catalyst as a pendant group. Amines play multiple roles, such as CO2 trapping agents, proton shuttles, electron donors, or facilitators of CO2 reductions through formamide derivatives. In this Viewpoint, we compile some of these recent findings, and discuss their significance in a broader context in an attempt to provide guidelines for the design of new catalysts with enhanced activity and selectivity.
The Unusual Homodimer of a Heme‐Copper Terminal Oxidase Allows Itself to Utilize Two Electron Donors
Authors: Zhu Guoliang , Zeng Hui , Zhang Shuangbo , Juli Jana , Tai Linhua , Zhang Danyang , Pang Xiaoyun , Zhang Yan , Lam Sin Man , Zhu Yun , Peng Guohong , Michel Hartmut , Sun Fei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe heme‐copper oxidase superfamily comprises cytochrome c and ubiquinol oxidases. These enzymes catalyze the transfer of electrons from different electron donors onto molecular oxygen. A B‐family cytochrome c oxidase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus was discovered previously to be able to use both cytochrome c and naphthoquinol as electron donors. Its molecular mechanism as well as the evolutionary significance are yet unknown. Here we solved its 3.4 Å resolution electron cryo‐microscopic structure and discovered a novel dimeric structure mediated by subunit I (CoxA2) that would be essential for naphthoquinol binding and oxidation. The unique structural features in both proton and oxygen pathways suggest an evolutionary adaptation of this oxidase to its hyperthermophilic environment. Our results add a new conceptual understanding of structural variation of cytochrome c oxidases in different species.
Some properties of Lemaitre regularization: Collinear trajectories
Authors: Titov Vladimir B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSome properties of the Lemaitre regularization in the planar three‐body problem are considered. Application of these properties to the degenerate case of a rectilinear problem in the space of forms is studied. A number of the collinear orbits are obtained using suitable parametrization. Properties of such orbits are analyzed.
Prebiotic peptides, their formation, fermentation in the gut, and health implications
Authors: Ashaolu Tolulope Joshua , Ashaolu Joseph O. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrebiotics can be synthesized from sources other than dietary fibers, such as proteins. The proteins, when processed into peptides have healthful or deleterious effects on the host. Outside living systems, prebiotic peptides (PP) are formed via preformation of amino acids or related monomeric building blocks, resulting in nonenzymatic polymerization/ligation to produce peptides. Whereas, inside living systems like the human gut, many metabolic pathways are involved in PP production, and mostly involve host–microbiota interactions. The interplay is responsible for PP activities and their implications on host amino acid balance and metabolism. Similar to carbohydrates fermentation, PP will yield short chain fatty acids (SCFA), but also branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs), phenols, indole, hydrogen sulfide, amines, and ammonia, capable of biologically mediating molecular signals. This holistic review considers a brief description of prebiotics, and tracks down prebiotic peptides formation processes, interactions with gut microbes, and health outcomes.
Global, regional, and national burden and quality of care index (QCI) of thyroid cancer: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2017
Authors: Azadnajafabad Sina , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Mohammadi Esmaeil , Rezaei Negar , Ghasemi Erfan , Fattahi Nima , Aminorroaya Arya , Azadnajafabad Reza , Aryannejad Armin , Rezaei Nazila , Naderimagham Shohreh , Haghpanah Vahid , Mokdad Ali H. , Gharib Hossein , Farzadfar Farshad , Larijani Bagher 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThyroid cancer (TC) is the most prevalent malignancy of the endocrine system. Over the past decades, TC incidence rates have been increasing. TC quality of care (QOC) has yet to be well understood. We aimed to assess the quality of TC care and its disparities.MethodsWe retrieved primary epidemiologic indices from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 1990–2017 database. We calculated four secondary indices of mortality to incidence ratio, disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) to prevalence ratio, prevalence to incidence ratio, and years of life lost (YLLs) to years lived with disability (YLD) ratio and summarized them by the principal component analysis (PCA) to produce one unique index presented as the quality of care index (QCI) ranged between 0 and 100, to compare different scales. The gender disparity ratio (GDR), defined as the QCI for females divided by QCI for males, was applied to show gender inequity.ResultsIn 2017, there were 255,489 new TC incident cases (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 245,709–272,470) globally, which resulted in 41,235 deaths (39,911–44,139). The estimated global QCI was 84.39. The highest QCI was observed in the European region (93.84), with Italy having the highest score (99.77). Conversely, the lowest QCI was seen in the African region (55.09), where the Central African Republic scored the lowest (13.64). The highest and lowest socio‐demographic index (SDI) regions scored 97.27 and 53.85, respectively. Globally, gender disparity was higher after the age of 40 years and in favor of better care in women.ConclusionTC QOC is better among those countries of higher socioeconomic status, possibly due to better healthcare access and early detection in these regions. Overall, the quality of TC care was higher in women and younger adults. Countries could adopt the introduced index of QOC to investigate the quality of provided care for different diseases and conditions.
Synergy mechanism for TiO2/activated carbon composite material: Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue solution
Authors: Xu Wenqi , Jin Yang , Ren Yongsheng , Li Jun , Wei Zhizhen , Ban Changsheng , Cai Haitao , Chen Ming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo improve the photocatalytic effect of TiO2 and the possibility of recycling, three different types of commercial activated carbon (AC) are used to prepare the TiO2/AC composite photocatalyst using the sol–gel method. The properties and catalytic activity of TiO2/AC composite are evaluated in comparison with bare TiO2, based on several characterization techniques and methylene blue (MB) photodegradation studies. The results show that the addition of AC improves the degradation effect of MB. The TiO2/AC‐(L) composite material has the best photocatalytic effect. The efficiency of removing the MB solution in 60 min reaches 99.43% at the initial concentration of MB 20 mg/L and material dosage 400 mg/L. The synergy between the adsorption characteristics of the AC surface and the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 is the main reason for increasing the MB degradation rate. Hydroxyl radicals play a major role in the process of photocatalysis. The addition of AC enhances the formation of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, thereby improving the photocatalytic performance of the material. Compared with bare TiO2, the three TiO2/AC composite photocatalysts can maintain excellent photocatalytic effect after four cycles of experiments and are easier to recycle and reuse.