bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic residues in cattle and sheep meat and human exposure assessment in southern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lu Jianjiang , Yan Yujun , Liu Jinhua , Wang Manli 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn recent years, antibiotics have become widely used in animal breeding. The application of antibiotics in livestock may lead to the presence of antibiotic residues in animal‐derived foods, especially meat, that may pose a threat to human health. In this study, 26 common antibiotics (eight sulfonamides, nine fluoroquinolones, four tetracyclines, and five macrolides) were screened in 88 meat samples (cattle muscles and sheep muscles, kidneys, and livers) obtained from southern Xinjiang. The antibiotics were screened via the clean‐up step based on solid‐phase extraction and determined through ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, their risk to human health was analyzed. Overall, 16 antibiotics were detected with a total detection rate of 95.46%. The percentage of noncompliant samples was 28.41% with an exceedance maximum residue limit of 1.14%. The illegal use rate of the antibiotic norfloxacin was 27.27%. The estimated daily exposure doses of all compounds in adults were <102.218 ng/kg bw/day even after applying the worst‐case scenario approach. This result demonstrated that the antibiotic residues in the tested samples imposed negligible harm to people's health and had an acceptable level of food safety risk. However, the high detection frequencies found in this work indicated that the risk of antibiotic residues could not be ignored given the cumulative risk of antibiotics, particularly the emergence of bacterial resistance, to the human body. The need for effective strategies and publicity for the judicious use of antibiotics to safeguard residents’ health is immediate.
Magnetic resonance imaging‐based radiogenomics analysis for predicting prognosis and gene expression profile in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Gao Yan , Mao Yitao , Lu Shanhong , Tan Lei , Li Guo , Chen Juan , Huang Donghai , Zhang Xin , Qiu Yuanzheng , Liu Yong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo establish a radiomics nomogram for survival prediction and determine if genomic data were related to radiomics signature in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsRadiomics features were extracted from contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted images (CE‐T1WI) in 316 patients. A progression‐free survival (PFS) nomogram was developed and validated by the combination of the radiomics signature and clinicopathologic factors. Whole transcriptomics sequencing was performed in pretreatment tumor samples; correlation of gene expression and radiomics signature was further investigated.ResultsA 24‐feature‐combined radiomics signature was highly correlated with PFS; its integration with clinical predictors showed good prediction performance in the training and the validation cohort (C‐index: 0.80 and 0.73). A significant correlation was observed between certain gene expression and Rad‐score, especially the mRNA expression of CDKL2, PLIN5, and SPAG1.ConclusionAs a noninvasive method, the MRI‐based radiomics signature might enable the pretreatment prediction of prognosis and gene expressions profile in advanced NPC.
Deep learning on compressed sensing measurements in pneumonia detection
Authors: Islam Sheikh Rafiul , Maity Santi P. , Ray Ajoy Kumar , Mandal Mrinal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPneumonia is one of the very common life‐threatening diseases and needs proper diagnosis at an early stage to be cured expeditiously. Medical practitioners use chest X‐ray as the best imaging modality to identify pneumonia. Due to the limited facilities available at the remote places and the need of maintaining the social distancing imposed by the recent outbreak of coronavirus disease, one may not have ease of access to a professional radiologist. This article proposes a deep learning (DL) framework that detects pneumonia from X‐ray images to assist the medical practitioners located at distant places. The X‐ray images are captured as compressed sensing (CS) measurements i.e. very few numbers of samples are observed in order to obtain an energy efficient and bandwidth preserving system to be utilized for far‐end pneumonia detection purpose. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed approach enables the detection of pneumonia with 96.48% accuracy when only 30% samples are transmitted.
Crocetin imparts antiproliferative activity via inhibiting STAT3 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mohan Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya , Kim Chulwon , Siveen Kodappully Sivaraman , Manu Kanjoormana Aryan , Rangappa Shobith , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Kumar Alan Prem , Ahn Kwang Seok 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSTAT3 is a key oncogenic transcription factor, often overactivated in several human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). STAT3 modulates the expression of genes that are connected with cell proliferation, antiapoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion in tumor cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of crocetin on the growth of HCC cells and dissected its underlying molecular mechanism in imparting a cytotoxic effect. Crocetin suppressed proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and counteracted the invasive capacity of HCC cells. Besides, crocetin downregulated the constitutive/inducible STAT3 activation (STAT3Y705), nuclear accumulation of STAT3 along with suppression of its DNA binding activity in HCC cells with no effect on STAT5 activation. Crocetin suppressed the activity of upstream kinases such as Src, JAK1, and JAK2. Sodium pervanadate treatment terminated the crocetin‐propelled STAT3 inhibition suggesting the involvement of tyrosine phosphatases. Crocetin increased the expression of SHP‐1 and siRNA‐mediated SHP‐1 silencing resulted in the negation of crocetin‐driven STAT3 inhibition. Further investigation revealed that crocetin treatment inhibited the expression of STAT3 regulated genes (Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, cyclin D1, survivin, VEGF, COX‐2, and MMP‐9). Taken together, this report presents crocetin as a novel abrogator of the STAT3 pathway in HCC cell lines.
Establishment of a simplified dichotomic size‐exclusion chromatography for isolating extracellular vesicles toward clinical applications
Authors: Guo Jiahui , Wu Caihong , Lin Xinyi , Zhou Jian , Zhang Jiayi , Zheng Wenting , Wang Tong , Cui Yizhi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSize‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a widely adopted method for the isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from complex samples. SEC can efficiently remove high‐abundant proteins, while often requires multiple fractionation operation using diversified column settings. In this study, we aim to establish a simplified SEC method to acquire high quality EVs. In comparison of all three cross‐linked Sepharose resins with the sample types of FBS and human serum (HS), CL‐6B and CL‐4B showed superior performance in regular SEC to CL‐2B in terms of significantly narrower EV and protein peaks, higher resolutions and EV purity. By increasing their bed volumes to 20 ml, the resolutions of CL‐6B and CL‐4B columns could be significantly improved, while the CL‐6B column had the best performance with higher particle yields and tighter EV peaks. With the CL‐6B 20 ml column, we further established a simplified dichotomic SEC method that only requires two bulk elutions to acquire EVs in the Eluate 1 and proteins in the Eluate 2. We further justified that such CL‐6B columns were reusable for at least 10 consecutive times, and the dichotomic SEC was applicable to EV isolations from HS and FBS‐free supernatants of fluorescently labelled and unlabelled SW620 cells. The proteomics analysis implicated that although the two methods had dissimilar abilities in removing different co‐isolating contaminant proteins from EVs, the dichotomic SEC and ultracentrifugation could isolate EVs from human plasma with comparable purity. This dichotomic SEC has its intriguing potential to be used for EV preparation toward clinical testing and/or basic research.
Reporting quality of abstracts of randomized controlled trials related to implant dentistry
Authors: Menne Max C. , Pandis Nikolaos , Faggion Clovis M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe abstract of a scientific article should be accurate and detailed in summarizing the information of the full‐text because it is the first article section the reader examines. This study assessed the reporting quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) abstracts related to implant dentistry and examined associations between reporting quality and study characteristics.MethodsOn January 17, 2021, we searched the PubMed database for abstracts of RCTs published in high‐ranked periodontology and implant dentistry journals from 2016 to 2021. For each abstract, we assessed if the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials for Abstracts (CONSORT‐A) checklist items were reported completely, partially, or not reported. An Overall CONSORT Score (OCS) and relative score (OCS%) were calculated as a proxy to checklist adherance. Linear regression models were fitted to analyze associations between trial characteristics and completeness of reporting.ResultsFour hundred and thirty‐four of the 678 retrieved abstracts were eligible for inclusion. The mean OCS and OCS% were 6.23 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.56) or 41.5% (SD = 10.4), respectively. Items most frequently reported included the title (n = 434; 100%), intended intervention (n = 425; 98%), and conclusions (n = 430; 99%). Participant allocation, masking, and trial registration were rarely completely reported with frequencies of 2%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. We found that number of authors, continent, type of RCT, number of centers, report of ethical approval, funding, structure, and length of the abstract were associated with reporting quality.ConclusionThe reporting quality of abstracts in RCTs related to implant dentistry is suboptimal. Journals should start to incorporate and endorse the use of the CONSORT‐A guidelines in their instructions to authors to enhance reporting quality.
Vertical distribution of phosphorus fractions and the environmental critical phosphorus level in acidic red soil under long‐term fertilizer and lime application in southern China
Authors: Huang Jing , Zhou Ling‐hong , Liu Shu‐jun , Han Tian‐Fu , Hayatu Nafiu Garba , Li Dong‐Chu , Zhang Shu‐Xiang , Wang Bo‐Ren , Zhang Hui‐Min 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhosphorus (P) deficiency in acidic red soil restricts crop yield. However, long‐term application of phosphate fertilizer can cause potential environmental risks due to the accumulation of P in the soil.AimsOur aim was to determine the distribution characteristics of P fractions in acidic red soil profiles and the environmental risk of soil P losses after application of organic fertilizer and lime, and analyze the key factors driving P distribution in the soil profile of acidic red soil.MethodsBased on the long‑term applicationof fertilizers and quicklime in the acidic soil under wheat–maize rotation system, contents of soil Olsen‐P and CaCl2‐P, as well as pH, at multiple soil layers between 0 and 50 cm depths were monitored. The environmental critical P levels were determined using a two‐segment linear model.ResultsDuring 1990–2010 and 2011–2014, application of phosphate fertilizer or quicklime on acidic red soil significantly (p < 0.05) increased the annual average aboveground biomass of wheat and maize and P recovery efficiency. Soil Olsen‐P and CaCl2‐P contents increased with the application of phosphate fertilizer, especially in combination with manure, and the increase mainly concentrated at the 0–20‐cm soil layer. The environmental critical Olsen‐P content was 99.7 mg kg−1. The Olsen‐P contents at different soil layers were mainly affected by cumulative P and organic P inputs, but were less affected by soil pH.ConclusionsThe application of organic fertilizer and lime can prevent the acidification of red soil, and the application of organic fertilizer should reduce the total phosphate fertilizer input to prevent rapid accumulation of P and risk of P loss in leachate while still improving the crop utilization rate of P fertilizer. Thus, this strategy should help achieve the concomitant goals of high crop yield and environmental protection.
Pomegranate fruit pulp polyphenols reduce diet‐induced obesity with modulation of gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Song Haizhao , Shen Xinchun , Chu Qiang , Zheng Xiaodong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPomegranate is a rich source of polyphenols and has been used as a dietary supplement and pharmaceutical ingredient. This study aimed to investigate the pomegranate fruit pulp polyphenols (PFP) with regard to their anti‐obesity activity and gut microbiota‐modulating effect in mice. Thirty‐six 4‐week‐old specific pathogen‐free C57BL/6J mice (weight: 17.7–20.8 g) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with low‐fat diet (10% fat energy), high‐fat diet (HFD) (45% fat energy), or HFD supplemented with PFP by intragastric administration for 14 weeks. The obesity‐related clinical indicators were investigated, and the composition of fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing.RESULTSOur results showed that PFP treatment reduced HFD‐induced body weight gain by 35.23% (P < 0.05), steatosis scores by 50% (P < 0.05) and insulin resistance by 56.84% (P < 0.05), compared with the mice fed HFD alone. Moreover, compared with the mice in the HFD group, PFP supplement changed the composition of the gut microbiota, and enriched Akkermansia muciniphila, Parabacteroides distasonis, Bacteroides acidifaciens, Mucispirillum schaedleri and Lachnospiraceae bacterium 28‐4, which were negatively correlated with physical biomarkers, including body weight, glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol.CONCLUSIONPFP alleviated HFD‐induced obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice, and the changes in the gut microbiota might be one of the potential mechanisms through which PFP improved obesity and obesity‐related disorders, eventually benefiting the recipient. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assessment of multiple ecosystem metabolism methods in an estuary
Authors: Loken Luke C. , Van Nieuwenhuyse Erwin E. , Dahlgren Randy A. , Lenoch Leah E. K. , Stumpner Paul R. , Burau Jon R. , Sadro Steven 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEcosystem metabolism is a key ecological attribute and easy to describe, but quantifying metabolism in estuaries is challenging. Properly scaling measurements through time and space requires consideration of hydrodynamics and mixing water from heterogeneous sources, making any estimation uncertain. Here, we compared three methods for modeling ecosystem metabolism in a portion of the Sacramento‐San Joaquin Delta. Metabolism estimates based on laboratory incubations, continuous in situ buoys, and an oxygen isotope approach all indicated the system was net heterotrophic, and calculated rates were comparable in magnitude when averaged over the 2‐month study. Daily metabolic rates based on in situ buoys were the most variable, likely due to horizontal and vertical advection and poor portrayal of the dissolved oxygen budget. After temporally averaging in situ buoy estimates or smoothing the dissolved oxygen time series for tidal effects, rates were more comparable to the other methods, which may be necessary to account for tidal advection and unbalanced contributions from subhabitats within the metabolic footprint. Incubation‐based rates represent the finest temporal and spatial scale and only account for pelagic processes, which may explain why incubation‐based rates were lower than the other two methods. The oxygen isotope method provided temporally and spatially integrated rates that were bracketed by the other two methods and may be a valuable tool in systems matching the model requirements. Because uncertainty arises in each method from a number of assumptions and scaling calculations, the resolution of metabolic rates in estuaries is likely coarser and more variable than in other aquatic ecosystems.
Self‐Regenerating of Functional Polymer Surfaces by Triggered Layer Shedding Using a Stimulus‐Responsive Poly(urethane)
Authors: Deng Zhuoling , Lienkamp Karen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRegeneration of functional surfaces after damage or contamination could extend the life time of devices. Such regeneration can be achieved by layer shedding (like a lizard shedding its skin). In this work, triggered self‐regeneration of functional surfaces by an external stimulus is presented. Polymer multilayer stacks are assembled alternatingly from discrete 20–300 nm thick functional layers and depolymerizable interlayers, which are used as sacrificial layers. The sacrificial layers are depolymerizable poly(benzyl carbamates) end‐capped with 4‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone. Their depolymerization is triggered by alkaline pH, at which the end‐cap is cleaved. This initiates a 1,6‐elimination cascade of the polymer backbone, during which CO2 is released. Thus, the layer shedding is driven synergistically by mass transport and buoyancy forces. Proof‐of‐concept is achieved using poly(styrene) as a model functional layer, and also studied for hydrophilic, antimicrobially active poly(oxanorbornene) layers. The multilayer assembly and disassembly process is monitored by ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. FTIR spectra taken after degradation are confirmed the regeneration of the surface functionality.
SynWiki: Functional annotation of the first artificial organism Mycoplasma mycoidesJCVI‐syn3A
Authors: Pedreira Tiago , Elfmann Christoph , Singh Neil , Stülke Jörg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe new field of synthetic biology aims at the creation of artificially designed organisms. A major breakthrough in the field was the generation of the artificial synthetic organism Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI‐syn3A. This bacterium possesses only 452 protein‐coding genes, the smallest number for any organism that is viable independent of a host cell. However, about one third of the proteins have no known function indicating major gaps in our understanding of simple living cells. To facilitate the investigation of the components of this minimal bacterium, we have generated the database SynWiki (http://synwiki.uni-goettingen.de/). SynWiki is based on a relational database and gives access to published information about the genes and proteins of M. mycoides JCVI‐syn3A. To gain a better understanding of the functions of the genes and proteins of the artificial bacteria, protein–protein interactions that may provide clues for the protein functions are included in an interactive manner. SynWiki is an important tool for the synthetic biology community that will support the comprehensive understanding of a minimal cell as well as the functional annotation of so far uncharacterized proteins.
Scientific and regulatory evaluation of empirical pharmacometric models: An application of the risk informed credibility assessment framework
Authors: Skottheim Rusten Ine , Musuamba Flora Tshinanu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEmpirical pharmacometric models are part of practically every regulatory submission for a new drug. The use of the models often exceeds descriptory roles and this change in their context of use increase the requirements on the evidence to support that they are credible. However, when it comes to assessing the trust in a model for a specific application, current tools are skewed to technical aspects and guidance documents often focused on model reporting or the iterative learning loops of model informed drug development (MIDD). There is an unmet need for a holistic tool that provide an end‐to‐end link from the initial question to the model‐informed decision. We suggest the risk‐informed credibility framework can be used for this purpose and offers strong support for the pharmacometrics models. We also introduce two tables for explicit description of key attributes of the model evaluation to facilitate and streamline the communication between stakeholders.
Marmosets: a promising model for probing the neural mechanisms underlying complex visual networks such as the frontal–parietal network
Authors: D’Souza Joanita F. , Price Nicholas S. C. , Hagan Maureen A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe technology, methodology and models used by visual neuroscientists have provided great insights into the structure and function of individual brain areas. However, complex cognitive functions arise in the brain due to networks comprising multiple interacting cortical areas that are wired together with precise anatomical connections. A prime example of this phenomenon is the frontal–parietal network and two key regions within it: the frontal eye fields (FEF) and lateral intraparietal area (area LIP). Activity in these cortical areas has independently been tied to oculomotor control, motor preparation, visual attention and decision-making. Strong, bidirectional anatomical connections have also been traced between FEF and area LIP, suggesting that the aforementioned visual functions depend on these inter-area interactions. However, advancements in our knowledge about the interactions between area LIP and FEF are limited with the main animal model, the rhesus macaque, because these key regions are buried in the sulci of the brain. In this review, we propose that the common marmoset is the ideal model for investigating how anatomical connections give rise to functionally-complex cognitive visual behaviours, such as those modulated by the frontal–parietal network, because of the homology of their cortical networks with humans and macaques, amenability to transgenic technology, and rich behavioural repertoire. Furthermore, the lissencephalic structure of the marmoset brain enables application of powerful techniques, such as array-based electrophysiology and optogenetics, which are critical to bridge the gaps in our knowledge about structure and function in the brain.
Therapie des Trockenen Auges
Authors: Korbmacher Jonas Philipp , Geerling Gerd 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Therapie des Trockenen Auges stellt eine schwierige Aufgabe für den behandelnden Augenarzt dar. Fortschritte in unserem Verständnis der Risikofaktoren, der Ätiologie und Pathophysiologie des Trockenen Auges haben zu einer Weiterentwicklung der Behandlungsstrategien geführt. Vor Beginn der Therapie ist die korrekte Zuordnung in eine wässrig-muzinöse Tränenfilmdysfunktion (Mindersekretion), in eine lipidbedingte Tränenfilmdysfunktion (hyperevaporative Form durch eine abnormen Meibom-Drüsen-Physiologie) oder in eine variable Kombination wichtig. Unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Empfehlungen der DOG, des BVA und des TFOS DEWS II Unterausschusses wurde ein Behandlungsalgorithmus abgeleitet, der ein schrittweises Vorgehen je nach Schweregrad der Erkrankung darstellt.