bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of hospital-acquired infections
Authors: Mitra Manasij , Ghosh Amrita , Pal Ranabir , Basu Maitraye 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) rates were reported to have declined in healthcare settings during the Covid-19 pandemic. Needless to mention that HAI is of paramount interest and relevance to a primary care physician who need to care from womb to tomb inside pandemic.

Objectives:
This study was conducted to find the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the four parameters of HAIs, namely, catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and surgical site infections (SSIs) with hand hygiene compliance rates among healthcare workers.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective data mining was undertaken in a 700 bed multispecialty teaching hospital in the Eastern India which was a Government of Bihar approved speciality Covid Care Hospital. Data from the monthly routine infection control monitoring and surveillance activities was collated from January 2019 to December 2020. Control charts with upper and lower control limit set at mean ± 1 SD were used to monitor monthly trends of HAIs.

Results:
The CAUTI rates reduced by 28.01%; the CLABSI rates declined by 37.61%, the SSI rates reduced by 62.39%, while the highest VAP rates were reported in November 2019 (1.9 per 1000 ventilator days). The hand hygiene compliance rates from January 2019 to December 2020 among different healthcare staffs showed a sharply rising trend.

Conclusion:
Covid-19 pandemic highlighted paramount importance regarding compliance to hand hygiene and implementation of standard infection control practices as recommended by World Health Organisation and Centres for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), which can drastically reduce range of HAIs.
Food portion size educational programme in a workplace setting in Puducherry – Is it effective?
Authors: Vinayachandran Gopika , Patel Namita , Mathavaswami Vijayageetha , Subitha L 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Consuming larger portion sizes, i.e., in excess of a typically recommended serving size, has been attributed to the obesity epidemic. The workplace acts as an efficient target for health promotion activities.

Aims:
To assess the effectiveness of a food portion size educational programme in increasing knowledge among the employees of a software company in Puducherry.

Methodology:
An interventional study was conducted with a pre-post design. A single group of software company employees (N = 120), age ≥30 years selected by simple random sampling was included in the study. The intervention consisted of a health education programme on the portion sizes of common food items including fruits and vegetables. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on personal and sociodemographic details. Self-regulation on eating was assessed using the Self-Regulation of Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (SREBQ).

Results:
The mean age of the study participants was 27 ± 5 years. Most of the participants were males, i.e., 72 (60%). Of the total, 55 (47.8%) participants were obese and 18 (15.7%) were overweight. The median number of meals and snacks consumed by the participants was 3 (1–3) and 1 (1–2), respectively. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) knowledge scores of the food portion size significantly increased from 9 (0–16) to 14 (5–19) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
This study has demonstrated that an educational intervention in the workplace setting is feasible and effective in increasing the knowledge of food portion size over a short term.
Awareness, knowledge, and practice regarding to diabetic retinopathy among KKU students besides medical students in Abha, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alamri Abdulrahman , Al-Jahash Najla Ahmad S. , Alsultan Mashael Saad H. , AlQahtani Shahad Saeed A. , Saeed Yasmeen Abdulwahab A. , Alhamlan Rawan Ahmed O. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global public health problem. Global prevalence of diabetes is 8.5% in adult population. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is increasing day by day, the number of persons with diabetes will double by 2030. It is a serious cause of irreversible blindness and is the most common complication of diabetes. Annual fundus examination for diabetics aids in the prevention of blindness and allows intervening at a timely manner. This study's intent to estimate and improve level of awareness (A), knowledge (K), and practice (P) among all King Khalid University (KKU) students besides medical students in Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Methods and Materials:
This is a cross-sectional survey that targets all KKU students besides medical students in Abha, Saudi Arabia. The researchers will use closed-end questions for awareness (A), knowledge (K), and practice (P). The data and the questionnaires will be sent to the sample by social media. The data will be analyzed by statistical package for the social sciences program (SPSS).

Results:
A total of 635 KKU students completed the questionnaire. Female students were more than male students, 334 (52.6%) for females and 301 (47.4%) for males, respectively. Ages ranged from 18 to 24 years with a mean 23 ± 2 years. There was a good awareness for some of the factors related to the DR which is noted in the results. Awareness of smoking and pregnancy rate is extremely low compared to the rest of the factors related to the DR.

Conclusion:
There was high awareness regarding DR and its risk factors among KKU students but low awareness regarding smoking and pregnancy relationship with DR. Improvement is required for smoking and pregnancy with the progression DR.
Awareness and Perception of Parents Regarding Well Baby Clinic in Primary Health Care Centres in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shati Ayed A. , Al-Saleh Majed M. , Al-Asmari Bander A. , Shehata Shehata F. , Alqahtani Youssef A. , Aldarami Mohammed S. , Alqahtani Sultan A. , Alqahtani Yahya M. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Well-baby clinic (WBC) service is implemented in all primary health care centers and is provided based on international standards to all children under 5 years in Saudi Arabia. It is a comprehensive package of health promotion and curative care to improve and maintain the health status and well-being of this age group.

Aim:
The main aim is to assess parents' awareness and perception regarding WBC in primary health care centers in Abha sector, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Methodology:
A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used in the current study. The study targeted all babies' caregivers attending WBCs in primary health care centers in Abha city. The children's parents were included using three stages cluster sample technique. The questionnaire included participants' demographic data such as age, gender, relation to the baby, educational level, work, and monthly income. Awareness regarding the WBC was assessed using two main items covering hearing about the clinic provided services.

Results:
The study included 1593 participants whose ages ranged from 19 to 55 years old with a mean age of 34.6 ± 11.8 years. About 64% of the respondents knew about the WBC, which was significantly higher among the females than males (P = .003). Also, 71.2% of respondents aged 25–34 years knew about well-baby clinic (WBC) compared to 35% of parents aged less than 25 years (P = .001). Exact 57.1% of the respondents went to the nearest governmental health office at vaccination times. About 46% of the respondents reported that the clinic nurse was the main person who dealt with them. Regarding services provided by a nurse at the vaccination clinic, registering child vaccination was the most reported (66.2%), followed by helping the mother make the child calm (56.8%).

Conclusions:
In conclusion, the study revealed that proper care is vital for a child's survival as well as optimal physical and mental development. Adequately cared child has proper well-being and happiness. Mothers and children caregivers had adequate awareness and acceptable attitude towards WBCs and provided services. Some barriers were declared including lack of available WBCs within the residence range, not all WBCs usually working, and more information should be provided about WBCs.
Effects of diet on hypertensive disorders during pregnancy
Authors: Singh Dhananjay Kumar , Sinha Nikhil , Bera Om Prakash , Saleem Sheikh Mohd , Tripathi Shailesh , Shikha Deep , Goyal Manish , Bhattacharya Sudip 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Pregnancy is a positive, fulfilling experience for many, but it can put the mother at the risk of suffering ill-health, disability, or even maternal death. The common causes of maternal death include pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) or gestational hypertension or hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP), post-partum hemorrhage, and pulmonary embolism. Modifications in lifestyle and diet have been widely advocated as a cost-effective strategy to prevent PIH.

Objectives:
To assess the role of dietary factors in PIH attending antenatal care services at a teaching hospital.

Materials and Methods:
Pregnant women who were attending the antenatal clinic who were diagnosed with hypertension in pregnancy and normotensive before the pregnancy were included in the study. As per the protocol, informed written consent, demographic details with clinical data were obtained from the patients. A total of 225 antenatal cases having hypertension in pregnancy were included in our study.

Results:
Majority of the study subjects (81.8%) were taking mixed diets, 50.2% consumed additional salt in their diet, the intake history of visible fat was given by 25.3% and 96.4% consumed tea while 52.9% had a history of consuming junk food. Among the 41 vegetarian study subjects with hypertension in pregnancy, the maximum subjects (73.1%) had preeclampsia followed by gestational hypertension in 23.6% the subjects. The relation between the type of diet and hypertension in pregnancy was found to be statistically insignificant. The relation between visible fat consumption and hypertension in pregnancy was found to be statistically significant.

Discussion:
The association of dietary factors with HDP could be explained by several factors. One being the high-calorie intake by women with known HDP and those without HDP. The imbalance between the energy intake and expenditure is a potential risk factor and leads to overweight or obesity.

Conclusion:
The consumption of additional salt in the diet, visible fat, and obesity was found to be associated with HDP in our study.
An In-Depth Examination of Visuospatial Functions in a Group of Turkish Children with Dyslexia
Authors: Mersin Yeşim , Çebi Merve 
Published: October 2021

Aim:
Developmental dyslexia is basically defined as a learning disorder characterized by reading, writing, spelling, and word comprehension difficulties. Phonological deficits in dyslexia are well established in literature, yet, research also indicates some visuospatial difficulties. The aim of this study was to examine the visuospatial functions in Turkish children with dyslexia and to show the interrelationship of visuospatial perception, visual memory, and executive functions.

Methods:
The sample of this study was composed of 20 children (9 female and 11 male) with developmental dyslexia and 20 age-matched controls (11 female and 9 male). The children in dyslexia group were previously diagnosed as dyslexic according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder-IV criteria in a private rehabilitation center. Rey-Osterreich complex figure test (ROCF), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and Judgment of Line Orientation test (JLOT) were used to evaluate visuospatial functions of the children.

Results:
Comparison analyses showed that dyslexia group significantly differed from the control group in all visuospatial test scores (P < 0.05 for all). In addition, a positive correlation was present between JLOT score and ROCF direct copying score, ROCF immediate memory score, ROCF delayed memory score, and CDT score for the dyslexic group (P < 0.05 for all).

Conclusion:
Our findings confirm the presence of visuospatial problems in dyslexia and highlight the importance of interaction between perceptual and executive processes indicating a more fundamental cognitive deficit.
Quality of the Life and Depression Levels of Pregnant Women with Suspected/Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Turkey
Authors: Yildirim Ayca Demir , Erdem Feyzanur , Esencan Tugba Yilmaz , Erdem Binnur 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of depression levels on the quality of life of pregnant women with probable and confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study. The sample of the study was composed of thirty pregnant women who were defined as probable and confirmed cases in the COVID-19 Case Tracking module of the Public Health Software System.

Results:
The average age of pregnant women participating in the study was 32.53 ± 3.71 (min: 24, max: 40). The mean Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care score of the pregnant women participating in the study was 2.2 ± 2.8 (min: 7, max: 20). Only five of the pregnant women had a high probability of depression. Considering the participants' average scores from the Short Form-36 Health Survey subdimensions, it is seen that the highest score of pregnant women is in the mental health category (x: 71.37 ± 2 8.8 6). The COVID-19 test result and the parameters of quality of life subscale were compared, and a statistically significant relationship was found between the social life quality of not only pregnant women with positive COVID-19 test results but also that of the women with negative test results (t: −2,627, P: 0.014).

Conclusion:
It is obvious that people's mental health is negatively affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, midwifery care, which will be given to ensure that pregnant women are least affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, to protect their mental health, and to increase their quality of life, is even more important.
The Relationship between Perfectionism and Goal Orientation Types on Sports Continuation
Authors: Ayas Hazal , Biçer Turgay 
Published: October 2021

Aim and Objectives:
The aim of the study is, to determine the effect of perfectionism levels and goal orientation types on the individuals who played licensed basketball in the past, to continue their basketball life at a professional/amateur level or dropped out basketball.

Methods:
The sample of the study consists of a licensed basketball history, a total of 150 participants who continue at the amateur level (50), professional level (50), and dropped out basketball/continue as a hobby (50). Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire developed by Duda et al. (1992) to determine types of goal orientation and Multidimensional Perfectionism Questionnaire (Frost et al., 1990) to predict perfectionism levels were used to collect data. The data analyzed with SPSS 25.0 program with one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyses.

Results:
As a result of analyses, there were no significant differences between task and ego orientation and perfectionism and sport continuation types of participants. It was also found that according to correlation analysis conducted to determine the relationship between task and ego orientation among the styles of continuing sports; a statistically significant positive moderate relationship between task and ego orientation score of participants who dropped out basketball and continue at an amateur level; on the other hand, a high positive correlation was found between goal orientation and ego orientation of those who continue at professional level.

Conclusion:
Results provide a richer understanding of the effects of goals orientations with perfectionism and their relationship to performance and have implications on sport continuation.
Uskudar Democratic Leadership Scale Validity and Reliability Studies*
Authors: Tarhan Nevzat , Tutgun-Unal Aylin 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The mightiness of the political leader, his strength, his risk-taking leadership, and his emotional contact with society plays an active role in the healthy management of society in many respects. A psychometric “democratic leadership scale” is needed to define the items to determine the limits of authoritarianism and to find the balance between using power and justice.

Aims and Objectives:
This research aims to conduct a validity and reliability study of a wide range of the Uskudar Democratic Leadership Scale (USDELID).

Materials and Methods:
Sample consists of 1010 people from Turkey. “Uskudar Political Leadership Scale-USPOLID” was used for the validity of the criteria.

Results:
The internal coefficient of consistency (α) of the scale was found to be .97. Analysis revealed that the scale consists of four factors. The first factor “Libertarianism/Pluralism” alone accounts for 71.81% of the variance, the second factor “Justice Orientation” accounts for 3.90% of the variance, the third factor “Participation” accounts for 3.16% of the variance, and the fourth factor “Accountability” accounts for 1.96% of the variance. These four factors, consisting of a total of 25 items, together accounted for 80.85% of the total variance.

Conclusion:
As a result of the studies, it was understood that the scale is valid and reliable. An item on the scale is inversely asked to ensure attention by taking part in the scale for control purposes. There has the scale emerged called the USDELID.
The Adaptation of Gender Identity / Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adults
Authors: Tarhan Nevzat , Gokten Emel Sari , Tutgun-Unal Aylin , Sahin Ayse 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The fact that the concepts of sexual identity and gender dysphoria have become more important all over the world and in Turkey has led clinicians to need powerful measuring tools to evaluate and comment on this structure.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study is to investigate language equivalence, validity, and reliability studies of the Turkish version of the Gender Identity / Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adult (GIDQ), which was developed by Deogracias et al. (2007).

Materials and Methods:
The scale was applied to 368 individuals (heterosexual and nonheterosexual) consisting of university students and trans-oriented individuals. Pearson's correlation coefficients revealed positive and significant values in the consistency analysis between the English and Turkish forms for linguistic equivalence studies of the GIDQ Adult Form for ages 18 and over.

Results:
The factor analysis performed to determine the construct validity of the 5-item Likert type scale, the original of which has a single factor and 27 items, a single factor, and 25-item structure were obtained which accounted for 51.8% of the total variance. When the internal consistency of the scale was calculated, the Cronbach Alpha value was found to be 0.89.

Conclusion:
According to the comparison of three groups (heterosexual, nonheterosexual, and those with gender dysphoria), average calculations, and effect size (d) analyses in the discrimination validity studies, it was observed that the gender dissatisfaction of university students was at a low level. It was found to be close to the intermediate level in the nonheterosexual male group. The results show that the Turkish form of the scale is valid and reliable.
Night Eating Syndrome and Sleep Quality among Turkish University Students in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yildiz Melike Buse , Sarikaya Sena , Temi?rçi?n Sevval , Dener Buse Gül , Kocatürk Rümeysa Rabia , Sariyer Esra Tansu , Çevi?k Ekin , Çolak Hatice , Özcan Öznur Özge , Ergüzel Türker Tekin , Karahan Mesut 
Published: October 2021

Backround:
There is a positive relationship between night eating syndrome (NES) and sleep quality. However, it is not known how this situation changes among students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to reveal the relationship between anthropometric measurements, NES, and sleep quality in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
Data were obtained through an online survey from March to June 2020 during pandemic in Turkey from university students (n = 100). They completed an online Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Night Eating Questionnaire, also anthropometric measurements were taken.

Results:
University students had sleep disturbance. The sleep disturbance had an effect on NES (P < 0.001, rho = 0.386). A positive relation was found between sleeping pill use and NES (Z = −2.218, P = 0.027) and appetizing drugs and sleep (Z = −2.410, P = 0.016).

Conlusion:
The occurrence of sleep disturbances in students may increase the incidence of NES during COVID-19 pandemic. This study achieved a short-term result in a limited sample, and we suggest conducting large-scale studies on student health. University students should be considered and public health policies should be implemented in terms of eating disorders and sleep quality.
Temperament and Character Relations in Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Yilmaz Gonca Gül , Sen Meltem , Dönmezler Süleyman , Erensoy Habib , Berkol Tonguç Demir 
Published: October 2021

Aim:
Understanding human behavior is a common struggle among psychology researchers and clinicians. One of the mysteries in psychology is the relation of temperament with a psychiatric disorder. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate this association with other perspectives.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was conducted between 2017 and 2018. Participants consisted of 88 people, who were freely selected and separated as treated and untreated from NP Istanbul Hospital and Polyclinics. There are two groups of paticipants who have borderline personality disorder; 48 untreated patients which are 24 men and 24 women and 40 treated patients which are 20 men and 20. The evaluations were made through the Demographic Information Form, Temperament and Character Inventory, and Borderline Personality Inventory prepared by the researcher.

Results:
People under treatment had different scores than the control group. It could be thought that it is evidence that treatment is effective and it may change the temperamental dimensions for people with borderline personality disorder. Many of the results came significantly different between the groups after temperament and character inventory had been applied. The dimensions had differed between the groups.

Discussion:
People with scores below borderline personality inventory's cutoff value had higher scores with the features that might be helpful for a person to cope with their problems in social and occupational life and to persist in their projects. Patients under treatment had been found to have more features that might negatively affect one's life. It could be thought that people under treatment might have more severe symptoms or might have additional psychiatric problems.

Conclusion:
This study revealed a few contradictions between DSM-5 and Borderline Personality Inventory and between Borderline Personality Inventory and Temperament and Character Inventory. This study may lead practitioners and researchers to further investigate the field.