bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of diabetes on visual acuity in Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Asemu Mulu Tiruneh , Ahunie Mengesha Assefa 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia that results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Glaucoma is the ocular complication of diabetic illness. In addition to this, retinopathy, maculopathy, ischemic optic neuropathy, extra-ocular muscle palsy, iridocyclitis, and rubeosis iridis were other complications. This study aims to determine the impact of diabetes on visual impairment and blindness among diabetic patients in Ethiopia.MethodsThis hospital-based cross-sectional study includes 401 samples of diabetic patients in the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January 2017 to January 2019. The multinomial logistic regression model was employed to identify significant differences among the factor variables.ResultsThe magnitude of blindness was 32.17%, and the burden of severe visual impairment was 12.46%. Of the total patients, 120(29.9%) were have diabetic retinopathy of whom, 113(94.2%) were blind either in the right, left, or both eyes and 3 (2.5%) had severe visual impairment. One hundred twenty-six (31.42%) patients developed diabetic maculopathy of whom, 117 (92.85%) were blind either in the right or left eye, and one (0.8%) had severe visual impairment. From the whole diabetic patients, the magnitude of glaucoma was 186(46.38%), and from the patients who developed glaucoma was blind visual impairment 127(68.27%) either in the right or left eye. Thirty-eight (20.34%) had severe visual impairment. Glaucoma was significantly associated with severe visual impairment and blindness (p<0.001). Glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, maculopathy, and type of diabetes are factors for visual impairment.ConclusionWe found that visual impairment in the category of severe and blindness are frequent in Ethiopian diabetic patients. Glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, maculopathy are the main predictive factors that determine the occurrence of blindness.
Clinical significance of plasma PAF acetylhydrolase activity measurements as a biomarker of anaphylaxis: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Piwowarek Krzysztof Łukasz , Rzeszotarska Agnieszka , Korsak Jolanta Łukasz , Juszkiewicz Aleksandra , Chciałowski Andrzej , Kruszewski Jerzy 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has a direct role as a mediator in the pathogenesis of various disorders with an inflammatory component, including those with allergic aetiology. The peripheral blood concentration of PAF is dynamically regulated by plasma PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH). Previous research suggest that low activity of plasma PAF-AH could be a predictive marker for increased severity of some types of allergic hypersensitivity reactions–especially anaphylaxis. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association between plasma PAF-AH activity and severity in patients with anaphylactic reactions following a wasp or bee sting.

Materials and methods
The study group of 89 patients was divided into two subgroups depending on the increasing severity of the most severe anaphylactic reaction in the past, which was assessed according to the Müller’s scale. The first subgroup included participants with a history of hypersensitivity reactions up to grade II. The second subgroup consisted of patients who have experienced at least one grade III or IV reactions in the past. A control group of 20 people was established. Plasma PAF-AH activity was measured using a colorimetric method.

Results
It has been observed that plasma activity of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase was significantly lower in patients with anaphylaxis history compared to the control group with negative atopic history (on average 21.38 nmol/min/ml for the control group, 9.47 nmol/min/ml for the first subgroup and 10.16 nmol/min/ml for the second subgroup, in both cases p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
The plasma activity of PAF-AH is a promising parameter that can help to distinguish a group of patients not threatened with development of anaphylaxis and not requiring laborious or expensive prophylactic procedures.
Perfil dos egressos e da produção dos Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso de uma especialização em saúde mental
Authors: Oliveira Pinho Judith Rafaelle , Siqueira de Sá Ivonice , Leal Salgado Christiana , Trindade Garcia Paola , Figueiredo de Oliveira Ana Emília 
Published: August 2021

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar o perfil dos egressos e a produção dos trabalhos de conclusão de curso de um curso de especialização em saúde mental na modalidade Educação à Distância ofertado pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo cujas fontes de dados foram os trabalhos de conclusão de curso da especialização, as fichas de matrícula e o banco de histórico de vínculo do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde de todos os egressos do curso de especialização em saúde mental da UNA-SUS/UFMA. A coleta de dados aconteceu de agosto de 2018 a maio de 2019, de forma retrospectiva e prospectiva. As análises quantitativa e qualitativa foram realizadas através dos softwares Stata® 14 e Open EVOC®, respectivamente. A maioria dos egressos eram mulheres (77,82%), graduados em enfermagem (50,58%), atuavam na área de saúde mental, porém não tinham formação prévia na área. Identificou-se alta rotatividade de locais de trabalho comparando os anos de 2011 e 2019 e que muitos profissionais estão fora do mercado de trabalho. Os descritores dos TCC que compõem o núcleo central da análise qualitativa foram: transtorno mental (frequência: 16,08% / ordem: 1,65), saúde mental (frequência: 15,43% / ordem: 1,83) e depressão (frequência: 5,45% / ordem: 1,19), refletindo os principais contextos vivenciados no trabalho dos discentes. Ofertas de educação permanente como o curso de especialização em saúde mental são estratégias importantes para a promoção e manutenção do cuidado em saúde mental norteado pelo princípio da integralidade, da humanização e do respeito ao sujeito na sua singularidade, ao mesmo tempo, rompe os resquícios da psiquiatria clássica centrada na doença.
β6-Integrin Serves as a Potential Serum Marker for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lenggenhager Daniela , Bengs Susan , Fritsch Ralph , Hussung Saskia , Busenhart Philipp , Endhardt Katharina , Töpfer Antonia , The Frans Olivier , Bütikofer Simon , Gubler Christoph , Scharl Michael , Morell Bernhard 
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Despite enormous efforts during the past decades, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) remains one of the most deleterious cancer entities. A useful biomarker for early detection or prognosis of PAC does not yet exist. The goal of our study was the characterization of β6-integrin (ITGB6) as a novel serum tumor marker for refined diagnosis and prognosis of PAC. Serum ITGB6 levels were analyzed in 3 independent PAC cohorts consisting of retrospectively and prospectively collected serum and/or (metastatic) PAC tissue specimens.

METHODS:
Using 2 independent cohorts, we measured serum ITGB6 concentrations in 10 chronic pancreatitis patients, 10 controls, as well as in 27 (cohort 1) and 24 (cohort 2) patients with PAC, respectively. In these patients, we investigated whether ITGB6 serum levels correlate with known clinical and prognostic markers for PAC and whether they might differ between patients with PAC or benign inflammatory diseases of the pancreas.

RESULTS:
We found that elevated serum ITGB6 levels (≥0.100 ng/mL) in patients suffering from metastasizing PAC presented an unfavorable prognostic outcome. By correlating the ITGB6 tissue expression in primary and metastatic PAC with clinical parameters, we found that positive ITGB6 expression in the tumor tissue is linked to increased serum ITGB6 levels in nonmetastatic PAC and correlates with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and clinical outcome.

DISCUSSION:
Our findings suggest that ITGB6 might serve as a novel serum biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of PAC. Given the limited specificity and sensitivity of currently used carbohydrate antigen 19-9–based assays, ITGB6 may have the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy for PAC.
Uma Análise do Padrão de Mudança Técnica na Índia (1974-2014)
Authors: Rocha de Lima Victor José , Porto Castro Andressa , Marquetti Adalmir 
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo analisa o padrão de mudança técnica na Índia entre 1974 e 2014. Observa-se um aumento das produtividades do trabalho e do capital para o período como um todo. Contudo, houve três fases de mudança técnica: 1974-1984, 1984-2004 e 2004-2014. Os primeiros dois períodos houve aumento das produtividades do trabalho e do capital. No terceiro período, houve um padrão de mudança técnica Marx-viesado, que aumenta a produtividade do trabalho e reduz a produtividade do capital. O crescimento econômico na terceira fase foi muito superior ao observado nas anteriores, bem como a redução dos níveis de pobreza.
Variáveis climáticas influenciam a riqueza, composição e distribuição de plantas exóticas invasoras?
Authors: Almeida Thieres Santos , Almeida Rony Peterson Santos , Fabricante Juliano Ricardo 
Published: August 2021

Neste trabalho buscamos avaliar a influência das variáveis climáticas (precipitação e temperatura) na distribuição de plantas exóticas invasoras em Sergipe, Brasil. Para isso, percorremos 550 km de rodovias do Estado registrando as plantas exóticas invasoras e relacionamos posteriormente com variáveis climáticas disponíveis em base de dados. No total foram amostradas 46 espécies distribuídas em 17 famílias. Nossos resultados demonstram que a comunidade é influenciada pelas variáveis climáticas testadas. A maior riqueza de espécies ocorreu na zona semiárida de Sergipe. A riqueza foi influenciada principalmente pela precipitação anual, apresentando uma relação negativa. A composição de espécies, por sua vez, foi afetada por quatro variáveis (precipitação anual, sazonalidade da precipitação, temperatura máxima no mês mais quente e temperatura média anual) que determinam suas distribuições. Algumas exóticas invasoras agressivas foram limitadas principalmente pela precipitação anual e sazonalidade de precipitação. No entanto, outras apresentaram alta amplitude de ocorrência, podendo assim se dispersar por diversas regiões já que não apresentam limitações perante as condições climáticas. Assim, concluímos que as condições climáticas podem influenciar de forma positiva ou negativa a composição, riqueza e distribuição de espécies exóticas invasoras no Estado. Nossos resultados auxiliam na compreensão dos efeitos das condições do ambiente na distribuição de espécies exóticas invasoras.
Kann Interkulturalität die Qualität einer Beziehung fördern? Rapport-Management in chinesisch-deutschen Teams
Authors: Chen Jieying 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Fokus der chinesisch-deutschen Kommunikationsforschung liegt vor allem auf dem Vergleich kulturspezifischer Konventionen und den daraus resultierenden Konflikten und Missverständnissen. Die vorliegende Studie erweitert dieses Bild und betrachtet Interkulturalität als eine synergetische Ressource für erfolgreiches Beziehungsmanagement. Anhand der Methode der ethnographischen Gesprächsanalyse (Deppermann 2000) werden drei kommunikative Praktiken, die sich aus der Interkulturalität ergeben, in realen chinesisch-deutschen Unternehmenskommunikationssituationen identifiziert: die temporäre Verwendung der Sprache des Gegenübers, die Anpassung an dessen Diskursorganisation sowie die Thematisierung kultureller Besonderheiten. Wie diese kommunikativen Praktiken mit der Verbesserung und der Aufrechterhaltung der Beziehung zwischen den Interagierenden zusammenhängen, wird mittels des Rapport-Management-Modells (Spencer-Oatey 2000; 2008) aufgezeigt.
Adaptive neural network control of second-order underactuated systems with prescribed performance constraints
Authors: Ding Can , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yingjie , Zhang Zhe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the trajectory tracking control problem of second-order underactuated system subject to system uncertainties and prescribed performance constraints. By combining radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) with input–output linearization methods, an adaptive neural network-based control approach is proposed and the adaptive laws are given through Lyapunov method and Taylor expansion linearization approach. The main contributions of this paper are that: (1) by introducing weight performance function and transformation function, the states never violate the prescribed performance constraints; (2) the control scheme takes the unknown control gain direction into consideration and the singular problem of control design can be avoided; (3) through rigorously stability analysis, all signal of closed-loop system are proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme was verified by comparative simulation.
Null controllability of Hilfer fractional stochastic integrodifferential equations with noninstantaneous impulsive and Poisson jump
Authors: Alnafisah Yousef , Ahmed Hamdy M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the sufficient conditions for null controllability of noninstantaneous impulsive Hilfer fractional stochastic integrodifferential system with the Rosenblatt process and Poisson jump. The required results are obtained based on fractional calculus, stochastic analysis, and Sadovskii’s fixed point theorem. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the obtained results.
A review of silicon subwavelength gratings: building break-through devices with anisotropic metamaterials
Authors: Luque-González José Manuel , Sánchez-Postigo Alejandro , Hadij-ElHouati Abdelfettah , Ortega-Moñux Alejandro , Wangüemert-Pérez J. Gonzalo , Schmid Jens H. , Cheben Pavel , Molina-Fernández Íñigo , Halir Robert 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Silicon photonics is playing a key role in areas as diverse as high-speed optical communications, neural networks, supercomputing, quantum photonics, and sensing, which demand the development of highly efficient and compact light-processing devices. The lithographic segmentation of silicon waveguides at the subwavelength scale enables the synthesis of artificial materials that significantly expand the design space in silicon photonics. The optical properties of these metamaterials can be controlled by a judicious design of the subwavelength grating geometry, enhancing the performance of nanostructured devices without jeopardizing ease of fabrication and dense integration. Recently, the anisotropic nature of subwavelength gratings has begun to be exploited, yielding unprecedented capabilities and performance such as ultrabroadband behavior, engineered modal confinement, and sophisticated polarization management. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the field of subwavelength metamaterials and their applications in silicon photonics. We first provide an in-depth analysis of how the subwavelength geometry synthesizes the metamaterial and give insight into how properties like refractive index or anisotropy can be tailored. The latest applications are then reviewed in detail, with a clear focus on how subwavelength structures improve device performance. Finally, we illustrate the design of two ground-breaking devices in more detail and discuss the prospects of subwavelength gratings as a tool for the advancement of silicon photonics.
Crystal structure of methyl 4-acetoxy-3-methoxybenzoate, C11H12O5
Authors: Xiao Pan-Lei , Song Xiu-Ying , Yang Chen-Yu , Nie Xu-Liang , Wang Yi-Hua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
C11H12O5, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.5523(7) Å, b = 12.7610(17) Å, c = 15.374(2) Å, V = 1089.3(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0273, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0787, T = 296(2) K.
Impact of sulfate on the solubility of Tc(IV) in acidic to hyperalkaline aqueous reducing systems
Authors: Duckworth Sarah B. , Gaona Xavier , Baumann Alexander , Dardenne Kathy , Rothe Jörg , Schild Dieter , Altmaier Marcus , Geckeis Horst 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The solubility of 99Tc(IV) was investigated from undersaturation conditions in NaCl–Na2SO4 (0.3 M ≤ I ≤ 5.0 M), MgCl2–MgSO4 (I = 13.5 M) and CaCl2–CaSO4 (I = 13.5 M) systems with 0.001 M ≤ [SO4
2−]tot ≤ 1.0 M and 1 ≤ pH
m
≤ 12 (with pH
m
= −log[H+], in molal units). Reducing conditions were set by either Sn(II) or Fe(0). Special efforts were dedicated to accurately characterize the correction factors A

m
required for the determination of pH
m
from the experimentally measured pH values in the mixed salt systems investigated, with pH
m
= pHexp + A

m
. The combination of (pe + pH
m
) measurements with Pourbaix diagrams of Tc suggests that technetium is present in its +IV redox state. This hypothesis is confirmed by XANES, which unambiguously shows the predominance of Tc(IV) both in the aqueous and solid phases of selected solubility samples. XRD and SEM–EDS support the amorphous character of the solid phase controlling the solubility of Tc(IV). EXAFS data confirm the predominance of TcO2(am, hyd) at pH
m
> 1.5, whereas the formation of a Tc(IV)–O–Cl solid phase is hinted at lower pHm values in concentrated NaCl–Na2SO4 systems with ≈5 M NaCl. Solubility data collected in sulfate-containing systems are generally in good agreement with previous solubility studies conducted in sulfate-free NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions of analogous ionic strength. Although the complexation of Tc(IV) with sulfate cannot be completely ruled out, these results strongly support that, if occurring, complexation must be weak and has no significant impact on the solubility of Tc(IV) in dilute up to highly saline media. Solubility upper-limits determined in this work can be used for source term estimations including the effect of sulfate in a variety of geochemical conditions relevant in the context of nuclear waste disposal.
The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the nervous system: a review of neurological impacts caused by human coronaviruses
Authors: Day Colin , Studders Carson , Arklie Kim , Kaur Asees , Teetzen Kyra , Kirsch Rebecca , Abelseth Laila , Fraser Ian , Abelseth Emily , Willerth Stephanie M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide. While coronaviruses typically have low rates of neurotropic effects, the massive transmission of SARS-CoV-2 suggests that a substantial population will suffer from potential SARS-CoV-2-related neurological disorders. The rapid and recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 means little research exists on its potential neurological effects. Here we analyze the effects of similar viruses to provide insight into the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the nervous system and beyond. Seven coronavirus strains (HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) can infect humans. Many of these strains cause neurological effects, such as headaches, dizziness, strokes, seizures, and critical illness polyneuropathy/myopathy. Certain studies have also linked coronaviruses with multiple sclerosis and extensive central nervous system injuries. Reviewing these studies provides insight into the anticipated effects for patients with SARS-CoV-2. This review will first describe the effects of other coronaviruses that have caused severe disease (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV) on the nervous system, as well as their proposed origins, non-neurological effects, and neurological infection mechanisms. It will then discuss what is known about SARS-CoV-2 in these areas with reference to the aforementioned viruses, with the goal of providing a holistic picture of SARS-CoV-2.
Telomeres: the role of shortening and senescence in major depressive disorder and its therapeutic implications
Authors: Schroder Jessica Daniela , de Araújo Julia Beatrice , de Oliveira Tacio , de Moura Airam Barbosa , Fries Gabriel Rodrigo , Quevedo João , Réus Gislaine Zilli , Ignácio Zuleide Maria 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorders, with a large number of patients not showing an effective therapeutic response to available treatments. Several biopsychosocial factors, such as stress in childhood and throughout life, and factors related to biological aging, may increase the susceptibility to MDD development. Included in critical biological processes related to aging and underlying biological mechanisms associated with MDD is the shortening of telomeres and changes in telomerase activity. This comprehensive review discusses studies that assessed the length of telomeres or telomerase activity and function in peripheral blood cells and brain tissues of MDD individuals. Also, results from in vitro protocols and animal models of stress and depressive-like behaviors were included. We also expand our discussion to include the role of telomere biology as it relates to other relevant biological mechanisms, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, oxidative stress, inflammation, genetics, and epigenetic changes. In the text and the discussion, conflicting results in the literature were observed, especially considering the size of telomeres in the central nervous system, on which there are different protocols with divergent results in the literature. Finally, the context of this review is considering cell signaling, transcription factors, and neurotransmission, which are involved in MDD and can be underlying to senescence, telomere shortening, and telomerase functions.
Systematizing evil in literature: twelve models for the analysis of narrative fiction
Authors: Candel Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile there are interesting connections between literature and evil, there is as of yet no systematic collection of models of evil to study literature. This is problematic, since literature is among other things an evaluative discourse and the most basic evaluative category is the polarity of good versus evil. In addition, evil shows important affinities with basic narratological principles. To initiate a discussion of models of evil for the analysis of literature, this article organizes a dozen models of evil into four groups. The first consists of a core model which coincides with basic narratological elements in character analysis and narrative tension. The second group contains two pre-modern models of evil, defilement and moral-natural evil. The third group takes its cue from personality theory and proposes the five-factor model of personality and an enriched “dark triad,” and, to balance description against narration, a model which categorizes kinds of murder. The last group organizes six models around the thematic opposition between nature and society, an opposition which forms the backbone of Western philosophy and narrative. To test their validity, the models are applied to a series of literary examples/characters, above all Grendel (Beowulf), Browning’s “My Last Duchess,” and Carol Oates’ short story “Heat.”
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, CIV. Umsetzungen von Orthoamiden der Alkincarbonsäuren mit enolisierbaren Carbonylverbindungen – Cyclisierung der Kondensationsprodukte zu Pyran-Derivaten
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Edelmann Kai , Mezger Jochen , Vettel Markus , Frey Wolfgang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Orthoamides of alkynecarboxylic acid 15 condense with enolisable β-dicarbonyl compounds and as well with acetophenones to give 3-acryl-1,1-bis(dimethyl-amino)-1,3-butadienes. Some acylbutadienes cyclize affording 2-pyranon-derivatives 33 upon heating with aqueous ethanol. 2H-pyranes are accessible from acetone dicarboxylic acid ester and orthoamides 15. The constitution of one 4-acyl-1,1-bis(dimethylamino)-1,3-butadiene (16f) and one 2H-pyrane (44b) was confirmed by crystal structure determinations.