bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free vibration of an unsymmetrical multistoried building modeled as a shear-flexible cantilever beam
Authors: Gibson R. E. , Moody M. L. , Ayre R. S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A solution is presented for the undamped free vibration frequencies and mode shapes of a multistoried building with unsymmetrical floor plan, modeled as a continuous (distributed parameter), shear-flexible cantilever beam. The beam has constant mass per unit length and a linear distribution of elastic shearing resistance (stiffness) along its length. Three coupled, second-order partial-differential equations describe the rotational and lateral motions. Solution of the equations reveals the presence of “coupling modes,” which are dependent on the cross-sectional properties of the beam, and “z-modes,”, which are independent of cross-sectional properties. An exact solution is presented for the coupling modes, and approximate and exact solutions for the z-modes are obtained. Frequencies are given for different linear variations in elastic resistance, and are presented in dimensionless form. A discrete element analysis has been included for purposes of comparison. The results of this paper will be referred to in the accompanying paper entitled “Response Spectrum Solution for Earthquake Analysis of Unsymmetrical Multi-Storied Buildings.”
New noise-reduction technique applied to long-period oscillations from the Alaskan earthquake
Authors: Wiggins Ralph A. , Miller Stephen P. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
We develop a method of noise reduction for seismological data in which bursts of noise are detected and replaced with the use of a prediction error operator. The method is applied to the Alaskan earthquake gravimeter record of Slichter. Nearly all long-period energy can be attributed to transient noise in the signal. There is no evidence for a long-period core oscillation.
Theoretical seismograms for the two welded quarter-planes
Authors: Loewenthal Dan , Alterman Z. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The finite difference technique developed by Alterman and Rotenberg (1969) and Alterman and Loewenthal (1970) is applied to the problem of obtaining the motion of a two-dimensional half-space model, consisting of two homogeneous and isotropic welded quarter-spaces of different materials. Two source conditions are considered: an internal impulsive line source acting inside one of the quarter-planes, and an impulsive force acting perpendicular to the free surface.
Rayleigh waves from a moving thrust fault
Authors: Mal A. K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The amplitude of the Rayleigh waves produced by a finite, propagating dip-slip fault of arbitrary orientation in a homogeneous, isotropic half-space is obtained. The fault is assumed to initiate suddenly at depth and to spread unilaterally to the free surface with constant speed. The Rayleigh-wave amplitude ahead of the fault break is shown to be considerably higher than that behind the initial epicenter. There is severe amplitude modulation in the epicentral region caused by the interference of waves traveling in opposite directions. The numerical results indicate that for Rayleigh waves in the period range of interest in earthquake engineering, a number of simplifications can be made in modeling an earthquake source of this type.
Seismic-source energies of underground nuclear explosions
Authors: Perret William R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Records of particle velocity in the free-field geological environment near underground nuclear explosions may be interpreted to yield the energy flux at a measuring station near or within the region of elastic response of the rock. Such data from 21 events in several types of rock have yielded energy fluxes. Total energies associated with the motion propagated into the seismic region have been derived from all but seven of these. The total energies are a measure of the seismic-source strength, and the ratios of these energies to those released by the explosion are measures of the energy coupled into the Earth as seismic motion.
Explosions in granite, dolomite, or wet tuff produce seismic sources of the order of 2 per cent of the explosively released energy. Similar explosions in porous rocks such as dry tuff and desert alluvium provide seismic sources an order of magnitude weaker than those in hard or wet rock.
Geomorphic evidence of late Holocene vertical stability in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska
Authors: Morris Robert H. , Bucknam Robert C. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Reconnaissance studies of Holocene coastal geomorphic features of the Aleutian Islands and the western part of the Alaska Peninsula indicate that, despite the high seismicity of the Aleutian Arc, most of the Aleutian Ridge has been vertically stable since at least the time sea level reached about its present position 2,000 to 4,000 years ago. Lack of youthful raised marine terraces, the presence of prograded beach ridges at the same general level as the modern ridge, and the widespread occurrence of a horizontal intertidal platform as much as 400 m wide are the primary lines of evidence for vertical stability. Detection of vertical movement is restricted by the natural vertical range inherent in the various coastal features, but it is believed that uplift of more than the local tidal fluctuation (≈ 2m) would be recognizable. Clear-cut evidence of uplift of coastal features that are thought to date subsequent to the time when sea level reached about its present position has so far been recognized only in a few areas in the Aleutians, and the amount of uplift in those localities is generally only several meters.
The evidence of vertical stability of the Aleutian Ridge in areas near the epicenters of earthquakes associated with destructive tsunamis indicates that large vertical displacements thought to produce tsunamis do not extend to the subaerial part of the ridge. A dislocation model for an underthrusting Pacific plate suggests to us that vertical displacements at the Aleutian Ridge may be only a small fraction of those in the vicinity of the Aleutian Terrace and Trench.
Secular strain measurements before and after the CANNIKIN nuclear test
Authors: Butler David , Brown Paul L. 
Published: September 2021

abstractSecular earth-strain measurements have been made in the central Aleutian Islands during the years 1970 and 1971. An annual variation of about 3 × 10−6 is evident on all records. A residual deformation of less than 3 × 10−6 per year is detected on most records. The state of strain near Amchitka Island, Alaska, at the time of CANNIKIN, November 6, 1971, differed from the state of strain at the time of the MILROW test, October 2, 1969, by less than 1 × 10−5. The strain records also contain novel episodes of large size (1-3 × 10−6) and high strain rate (1 × 10−7 / hr).
Hydrological effects of the CANNIKIN event
Authors: Gonzalez Don Diego , Wollitz L. E. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The hydrological effects of the underground nuclear explosion, CANNIKIN, were monitored by a network of streamflow stations and ground-water boreholes located on Amchitka Island.
Continuous records were obtained from six surface-water stations that range from 1.50 to 14.07 km from surface ground zero (SGZ). Confined fluid pressures in boreholes were recorded at five stations with slant distances ranging from 2.14 to 14.11 km from ground zero (GZ). Fluctuations of water level were measured in one open hole 6.42 km from GZ.
The stream system draining the CANNIKIN site lost 96 per cent of its flow within hours after the explosion. Lakes formed near SGZ remain low in stage and appear to be providing infill water for the rubble chimney. Measurements in boreholes also showed that the ground-water gradient was toward the explosion site. The response of confined fluid pressures was recorded in a number of boreholdes, and a relationship between maximum fluid pressure, P, and slant range, Rs, has been established as P = 920 Rs−2.10.
Reaction of shallow onshore waters to ground shock
Authors: Merritt M. L. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Pressures and accelerations were measured in and near numerous ponds and lakes in Amchitka during the nuclear shot CANNIKIN, using peak measuring and full time-history recording instruments. The resulting pressures and accelerations were similar in wave shape: each showed an initial pulse, a period of free fall during spall, and an impact shock. It is found that when reverberation times in the water are short compared to rise times and other characteristic times of the ground shock, the water responds as a whole, and the pressure in it is proportional to the acceleration. When reverberation times are longer than rise times, pressure overshoots and oscillates about the simple proportionality.
Theoretical and observed distance corrections for Rayleigh-wave magnitude
Authors: Alewine R. W. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Examination of the distance correction factor used in the widely accepted formula for surface-wave magnitude reveals that this empirically derived linear formula fails to give an accurate approximation to the theoretical nonlinear amplitude-distance relation for epicentral distances less than 15°. For epicentral distances greater than 15°, the empirical formula contains an implied oceanic-type energy-dissipation coefficient. When the original Gutenberg theoretical surface-wave magnitude formula with an appropriate continental energy-dissipation coefficient is applied to explosion data from the Nevada Test Site, a consistent surface-wave magnitude is obtained at all distances. A systematic method of normalizing Rayleigh-wave magnitudes obtained over different types of propagation paths is suggested. This normalization might provide a means for better separating natural events and explosions in the mb—Ms plots.
‘Coi libri o col mondo?’
Authors: Del Buono Bianca 
Published: September 2021

‘With books or with the world?’
Alienation effects without disorientation in Viaggio e maravigliose avventure d’un veneziano by Francesco Contarini
This paper investigates the forms and effects of displacement in Viaggio e maravigliose avventure d’un veneziano ch’esce per la prima volta dalle lagune e si reca a Padova e a Milano, published anonymously in Milan in 1818. According to Luigi Catucci, the author is Francesco Contarini, who translated many travel books for the editor Sonzogno between 1816 and 1817: this would explain the noticeable intertextual dialogue between the Viaggio and other travel writings, both fictional and non-fictional. Some allusions to Vasco de Gama’s and James Cook’s geographical explorations reveal the author’s interest in travel as an anthropological experience, while quotations from Swift and De Maistre suggest a familiarity with the literary conventions and the most recent renewal of the European novel.
From a theoretical point of view, the essay examines the interaction between travel literature, (anti-)novel, récit excentrique, and parody, in order to show that literary contamination works as an estrangement device. At the same time, this theoretical interpretation is evaluated (from an analytical and interpretative point of view) in relation to the narrative techniques through which Contarini expresses the alienation-effect of the first-person dramatized narrator, prompting a strong sense of disorientation in the reader (but not in the main character).
Association of rs266729 and rs16861194 polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene with the risk of obesity in residents of the Moscow region
Authors: Pogozheva A. V. , Sorokina E. Yu. 
Published: September 2021

Rationale: The contribution of the adiponectin gene polymorphisms (ADIPOQ, located at 3q27) in the residents of Nigeria and China to the risk of overweight and its association with the risk of arterial hypertension in the European population have been demonstrated.Aim: To identify associations between rs266729 and rs16861194 polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene with overweight and obesity in the Moscow region residents.Materials and methods: Identification of rs266729 and rs16861194 polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene was carried out in 222 people (140 women and 82 men, aged 25 to 65 years) living in the Moscow region. Genotyping was performed using allele-specific amplification with real-time detection of the results on the CFX96 Real-Time System amplifier (Bio-Rad, USA) and using TaqMan probes complementary to polymorphic DNA regions. To assess an association between these genetic polymorphisms and overweight/obesity, we performed a case control study, with the cases being subjects with body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m2, and the controls those with BMI of < 30 kg/m2.Results: The mean frequency of the minor allele G rs266729 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene in the subjects from the Moscow region was 26.8% and similar in men and women. Comparison of the CC and GG genotypes carriers of the rs266729 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene in men showed a statistically significant association of the GG genotype to the BMI value (p = 0.04). There were no statistically significant differences between anthropometric indicators (BMI, body fat mass) in the carriers of different rs16861194 polymorphism genotypes of the ADIPOQ. No association between the studied polymorphisms and blood glucose levels and lipid spectrum could be found.Conclusion: The frequency of the minor allele G of the rs266729 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene in the subjects from the Moscow region was similar to their rates in the Russian Federation and European countries. In Moscow residents, the rs266729 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene (G allele) contributes to the risk of obesity in homozygous carriers (genotype GG). No association of the rs16861194 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene with the BMI was found; therefore, this polymorphism cannot be considered as a genetic marker of the obesity risk.
Does turkey tail as an adjuvant therapy improve the quality of life of canine lymphoma patients?
Authors: Tong Jacqueline Oi Ping 
Published: September 2021

PICO question
In canine lymphoma, does the supplement of turkey tail (Trametes versicolor) as an adjuvant therapy lead to a better quality of life than those that do not?

Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Treatment
The number and type of study designs reviewed
One prospective case series was critically appraised
Strength of evidence
Very weak
Outcomes reported
The case series assessed appetite and activity level of the canine lymphoma patients. They also measured gastrointestinal toxicity and the incidence of neutropenia
Conclusion
This prospective case series is insufficient to support the use of turkey tail to enhance the quality of life of canine lymphoma patients. A controlled study is required to evaluate whether the use of turkey tail supplement is useful

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
Analysis on Factors Influencing Geography Teachers’ Ability in Constructing High-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Assessment Instrument
Authors: Suhendro Suhendro , Sugandi Dede , Ruhimat Mamat 
Published: September 2021

The teacher's ability to construct assessment instruments is a focus that needs to be considered. Furthermore, the demand of the 21st century directs teachers to set questions that are oriented to train students' abilities in higher-order thinking. However, several factors affect the ability to construct HOTS-oriented assessment instruments. This study aims to investigate what factors influence geography teachers’ ability to develop higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) instruments to measure learning outcomes. This study used a survey method with a quantitative approach. The data collection technique was field observation, and multiple linear regression was used for analysis. The results showed the linearity of teacher education regarding the length of teaching geography was 0.904, the tertiary institution was 0.009, and the background of education was 0.019. Also, teachers' certification was 0.007, their training was 0.032, and their experience in making HOTS questions was 0.047. The coefficient value of determination R, namely 0.635 means the relationship between teaching length, the linearity of their education in tertiary institutions, background, certification, training, and experience regarding the ability to develop HOTS-oriented assessment instruments is 63.5%. This means the relationship is strong, and 36.5% is another factor. This study concludes that the factors that significantly affect the ability of geography teachers in developing HOTS-oriented assessment instruments are the linearity factor of teacher education in universities, education background, certification, teacher training and experience in making HOTS questions.
Keywords: Teacher ability factors; Assessment, Higher-order thinking skills

Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
Evaluating the chemical and metal contamination of commercial Rakı, a grape-based alcoholic beverage from Turkey
Authors: Menevseoglu Ahmed , Cabaroglu Turgut 
Published: September 2021

Turkish Rakı is one of the most consumed alcoholic beverages in Turkey. The chemical and metal contamination of alcoholic beverages is a threat to human health and lowers the quality of the product. Ethyl carbamate and furfural are carcinogenic to animals, and have been classified as Group 2A and 3 agents respectively by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Factors, such as raw materials, process time and storage, affect metal concentrations in beverages. Limits for chemicals and metals in Rakı have not yet been established by the Turkish agency. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical and metal contamination of commercial Turkish Rakı. Thirty-seven different types of Turkish Rakı were purchased from local markets in Turkey. Ethyl carbamate (EC) and furfural (FR) levels were measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Arsenic, copper, lead, and zinc levels were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). None of the Rakı samples contained EC. Furfural was not detected in commercial Rakı samples but only in illegal Rakı samples. Ethanol and methanol levels complied with Turkish regulation. Our data shows that commercial Rakı from Turkey was contaminated by very low amounts of arsenic (<LOD–0.02 mg/L), copper (0.05–0.41 mg/L), lead (< LOD–0.03 mg/L) and zinc (0.01–0.39 mg/L).
Research of the possibilities of the national innovative environment for the implementation of financial technologies
Authors: Serebryakova N. A. , Kolmykova T. S. , Grivachev E. A. , Klykova S. V. 
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of an important scientific and practical problem on the disclosure of factors and conditions that stimulate the introduction of innovations in the financial sector. It has been studied that the processes of introducing digital technologies are relevant in all spheres of the economy. The financial environment is highly receptive to digital adoption. The emphasis is made on the fact that the Bank of Russia as a mega-regulator is implementing a number of projects that stimulate the introduction of financial technologies in the country's banking sector. The main infrastructure projects of the Bank of Russia aimed at stimulating the development of fintech are considered. Among them: a unified biometric system, a system of fast payments, a marketplace of the Bank of Russia, a system for transmitting financial messages. The study revealed the weakness of the national regulatory system for the creation and implementation of digital technologies in the financial environment. The urgency of adapting the norms of financial law to the rapid spread of digital technologies has been substantiated. It has been proven that the acceleration of the pace of implementation of technological innovations not only opens up new opportunities for business improvement, but also carries obvious and hidden risks. Analysis of the research materials made it possible to structure the main potential threats that accompany the spread of digital technologies. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop systemic measures to create a favorable national innovation environment that stimulates financial innovation.
Ursodeoxycholic acid breaks antitumor immunosuppression by inducing CHIP-mediated TGF-β degradation
Authors: Shen Ying , Lu Chao , Song Zheng , Qiao Chen , Ye Jian , Chen Jin , Zhang Cheng , Ma Ze , Chen Tao , Li Xu , Lin Aifu , Jufeng Guo , Wang Jianli , Cai Zhijian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Blocking TGF-β signaling is critical to enhance antitumor immunity. However, there is still no effective TGF-β signaling inhibitors in clinic. Here, we show that clinical medicine ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) phosphorylates TGF-β at T282 site via TGR5-cAMP-PKA axis, leading to the increased binding of TGF-β and CHIP. Then, CHIP ubiquitinates TGF-β at K315 site, initiating p62-dependent autophagy sorting and subsequent TGF-β degradation. By degrading TGF-β, UDCA greatly enhances antitumor immunity through restraining Treg differentiation and activation in tumor-bearing mice. In addition, UDCA synergizes with anti-PD-1 to induce stronger antitumor immunity and tumor-specific immune memory in tumor-bearing mice. Notably, UDCA also reduces TGF-β and Tregs in peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and tumor patients. Therapy combining anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 with UDCA has much better efficacy in tumor patients. Thus, our results uncover a novel mechanism for TGF-β signaling regulation and reveal UDCA as a ready-made TGF-β signaling inhibitor in enhancing antitumor immunity.
Tumor Heterogeneity in VHL Drives Metastasis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hu Junhui , Tan Ping , Ishihara Moe , Bayley Nicholas , Schokrpur Shiruyeh , Reynoso Jeremy , Jat Parmjit , Snick Jacques Van , Knudsen Beatrice , Chin Arnold , Prins Robert , Graeber Thomas , Xu Hua , Wu Lily 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To study the impact of intratumoral VHL heterogeneity observed in patient ccRCC primary tumors, we engineered VHL gene deletion in three RCC models, including a new primary tumor cell line derived from an aggressive metastatic ccRCC. The VHL gene-deleted (VHL-KO) cells underwent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and showed diminished proliferation and tumorigenicity compared to the parental, VHL-expressing (VHL+) cells. Renal tumors with either VHL+ or VHL-KO cells alone exhibit minimal metastatic potential. Interestingly, tumors with both cells displayed rampant lung metastasis, highlighting a novel cooperative metastatic mechanism. The poorly proliferative VHL-KO cells stimulated the proliferation, EMT and motility of neighboring VHL+ cells. We found that periostin (POSTN), a protein product overexpressed and secreted by VHL- cells, promoted metastasis by enhancing the motility of VHL-WT cells and facilitating vascular escape of tumor cells. Genetic deletion or antibody blockade of POSTN dramatically suppressed lung metastases in our preclinical models. Our work suggests a new strategy to halt progression in ccRCC by disrupting the critical metastatic crosstalk between heterogeneous cell populations within a tumor.