bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Laboratory Markers in Determination of Treatment Modalities and Short-Term Prognosis in Patients with Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma: Original Study
Authors: Bakar Bulent , Yuksel Ulas , Ozdemir Alemiddin , Bulut Ibrahim Umud , Ogden Mustafa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective In patients with traumatic acute subdural hematoma (ASH), it has not been yet fully elucidated which patients can benefit from surgery or from clinical follow-up. This study was constructed to predict treatment modality and short-term prognosis in patients with ASH using their clinical, radiological, and biochemical laboratory findings during admission to hospital.
Methods Findings of patients with ASH determined on their CT scan between 2015 and 2018 were evaluated. Patients were grouped in terms of ASH-FOL (patients followed-up without surgery, n = 13), ASH-OP (patients treated surgically, n = 10), and ASH-INOP (patients considered as inoperable, n = 5) groups. They also were divided into “survived (n = 14)” and “nonsurvived (n = 14)” groups.
Results ASH developed as a result of fall from a height in 15 patients and traffic accidents in 13 patients. In deciding for surgery, it was determined that Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores < 8, midline shift (MLS) level > 5 mm, MLS-hematoma thickness ratio > 0.22, leukocyte count > 12730 uL, and presence of anisocoria could be used as predictive markers. It was determined that GCS scores < 8, hematoma thickness value > 8 mm, and the presence of anisocoria could be considered as biomarkers in prediction of mortality likelihood.
Conclusion It could be suggested that GCS scores, MLS level, MLS-hematoma thickness ratio, presence of anisocoria, and leukocyte count value could help in determination of the treatment modality in patients with ASH. Additionally, GCS scores, hematoma thickness value, and presence of anisocoria could each be used as a marker in the prediction of early-stage prognosis and mortality likelihood of these patients.
The Largest Germline Heterozygous Deletion Encompassing Potocki–Shaffer and WAGR Syndromes Loci to Date: A Case Report
Authors: Delplancq Geoffroy , Boukebir Mohamed Abdelatif , Amsallem Daniel , Thines Laurent , Rozé Virginie , Dahlen Eric , Van Maldergem Lionel , Kuentz Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPotocki–Schaffer syndrome includes multiple exostoses, parietal foramina, and variable developmental delay/intellectual disability. It is associated with a heterozygous deletion of the 11p12p11.2 region. In some cases, the deletion extends to the WAGR locus (11p13p12). We describe here a 9-month-old girl harboring the largest germline heterozygous deletion characterized so far. Oligohydramnios and parietal foramina were noticed during pregnancy. No patient has been diagnosed before with concomitance of these two syndromes during the prenatal period. Cytogenetic diagnosis was anticipated on basis of clinical and radiological signs. Postnatal conventional karyotype confirmed an interstitial 11p deletion: 46,XX,del(11)(p11.2p15.1). Array-comparative genomic hybridization characterized a 29.6 Mb deletion. Our case illustrates the interest of high-resolution genomic approaches to correlate adequately clinical phenotypes with specific genes in suspected contiguous gene deletion syndromes.
Tourniquet Use Does Not Affect Pain and Function after Total Knee Arthroplasty: Patient Evaluation According to Pain Threshold
Authors: Çamur Savaş , Bayram Serkan , Kara Adnan , Seçkin Mustafa Faik , Sağlam Necdet , Batibay Sefa Giray 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of using a tourniquet on early-stage pain and 1-year postoperative functional outcomes when patients were divided into two groups according to the pain threshold (PT). Overall, 120 patients who were assessed preoperatively with an algometer were recruited for this prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized to undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a tourniquet (group 1, 60 patients) and without tourniquet (group 2, 60 patients). Primary outcome measures were visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores at 24, 36, and 48 hours postoperatively and functional assessment with Knee Society Score (KSS) test at 1 year postoperatively. No significant differences were observed between groups in terms of gender (49 females and 8 males in group 1 vs. 53 females and 6 males in group 2; p = 0.201) and age (68.9 years in group 1 vs. 68.7 years in group 2; p = 0.811). There was no significant difference between groups in all the VAS and KSS 1 and KSS 2 scores. PT measurements ranged from 2.5 to 11.5 with a mean of 7.69 ± 1.70 and a median of 8. Total 54 patients with a median value of < 8 were defined as the low-PT group, and 62 patients with a median value of ≥ 8 were defined as the high-PT group. When the groups were evaluated according to using the tourniquet, 21 patients were operated on with a tourniquet and 33 patients without it in the low-PT group, while 36 patients were operated on with a tourniquet and 26 patients without it in the high-PT group. There was no significant difference in pain or functional scores between patients when comparing with-tourniquet and without-tourniquet or when comparing the low- and high-PT groups. This showed that the use of a tourniquet during TKA was not associated with either early-stage pain or 1-year postoperative functional outcomes according to algometer evaluation.Level of evidence: Level 1 prospective randomized study.
A Child Presenting with a Glasgow Coma Scale Score of 13: Mild or Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury? A Narrative Review
Authors: Hageman Gerard , Nihom Jik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjective The objective of this article was to compare children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) 13 with children presenting with GCS 14 and 15 and GCS 9 to 12.Data Source We searched PubMed for clinical studies of children of 0 to 18 years of age with mild TBI (mTBI) and moderate TBI, published in English language in the period of 2000 to 2020.Study Selection We selected studies sub-classifying children with GCS 13 in comparison with GCS 14 and 15 and 9 to 12. We excluded reviews, meta-analyses, non-U.S./European population studies, studies of abusive head trauma, and severe TBI.Data Synthesis Most children (>85%) with an mTBI present at the emergency department with an initial GCS 15. A minority of only 5% present with GCS 13, 40% of which sustain a high-energy trauma. Compared with GCS 15, they present with a longer duration of unconsciousness and of post-traumatic amnesia. More often head computerized tomography scans show abnormalities (in 9–16%), leading to neurosurgical intervention in 3 to 8%. Also, higher rates of severe extracranial injury are reported. Admission is indicated in more than 90%, with a median length of hospitalization of more than 4 days and 28% requiring intensive care unit level care. These data are more consistent with children with GCS 9 to 12. In children with GCS 15, all these numbers are much lower.Conclusion We advocate classifying children with GCS 13 as moderate TBI and treat them accordingly.
Impacts of school shooter drills on the psychological well-being of American K-12 school communities: a social media study
Authors: ElSherief Mai , Saha Koustuv , Gupta Pranshu , Mishra Shrija , Seybolt Jordyn , Xie Jiajia , O’Toole Megan , Burd-Sharps Sarah , De Choudhury Munmun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe toll from gun violence in American K-12 schools has escalated over the past 20 years. School administrators face pressure to prepare for possible active shootings, and often do so through drills, which can range from general lockdowns to simulations, involving masked “shooters” and simulated gunfire, and many variations in between. However, the broad and lasting impact of these drills on the well-being of school communities is poorly understood. To that end, this article applies machine learning and interrupted time series analysis to 54 million social media posts, both pre- and post-drills in 114 schools spanning 33 states. Drill dates and locations were identified via a survey, then posts were captured by geo-location, school social media following, and/or school social media group membership. Results indicate that anxiety, stress, and depression increased by 39–42% following the drills, but this was accompanied by increases in civic engagement (10–106%). This research, paired with the lack of strong evidence that drills save lives, suggests that proactive school safety strategies may be both more effective, and less detrimental to mental health, than drills.
Transcriptome-wide development and utilisation of novel intron-length polymorphic markers in common vetch (
Authors: Wei Xingyi , Ma Yitong , Wang Qiuxia , Li Yanpeng , Liu Wenxian 
Published: December 2021

Common vetch (Vicia sativa subsp. sativa) is one of the most economically important forage legumes, with high nutritional value and multiple uses. Although microsatellite markers have been developed and applied on a large scale for evaluation of common vetch germplasm, intron-length polymorphic (ILP) markers have not been systematically investigated and exploited. In this study, introns within the common vetch genome were located by aligning the RNA-Seq sequences of common vetch with barrel medic (Medicago truncatula), soybean (Glycine max) and Arabidopsis thaliana genome sequences, and then used for VsILP marker development. In total, 10 400 markers were generated from 44 582 common vetch unigenes. Of 300 randomly selected VsILP markers, 283 were successfully amplified in common vetch. Among these markers, 40 produced length variation in 30 accessions of common vetch, collectively yielding 166 alleles with an average of 4.0 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content values extended from 0.06 to 0.81 with a mean of 0.49. Of the 283 VsILP markers, 84.8% exhibited transferability to other species, both leguminous (common vetch, lucerne (Medicago sativa), barrel medic, soybean, yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis), Lotus corniculatus and Sophora alopecuroides) and non-leguminous (rice (Oryza sativa), Arabidopsis and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)). Here, we present the first large-scale development of ILP markers in common vetch and their utility in germplasm evaluation and transferability, which will be valuable for further comparative genomic studies, genetic relationship assessments, and marker-assisted breeding of leguminous and non-leguminous species.
The hippocampus as the switchboard between perception and memory
Authors: Treder Matthias S. , Charest Ian , Michelmann Sebastian , Martín-Buro María Carmen , Roux Frédéric , Carceller-Benito Fernando , Ugalde-Canitrot Arturo , Rollings David T. , Sawlani Vijay , Chelvarajah Ramesh , Wimber Maria , Hanslmayr Simon , Staresina Bernhard P. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
How do we adaptively switch from perceiving the external world to retrieving goal-relevant internal memories? To tackle this question, we used—in a cued-recall paradigm—direct intracranial recordings from the human hippocampus complemented by high-density scalp electroencephalography (EEG). We found that a hippocampal signal ∼500 ms after a perceptual cue marks the conversion from external (perceptual) to internal (mnemonic) representations. This sets in motion a recall cascade involving posterior parietal and medial prefrontal cortex, revealed via source-localized and time-resolved EEG alpha power. Together, these results unveil the hippocampal–cortical dynamics supporting rapid and flexible memory recall.
Daily monitoring of scattered light noise due to microseismic variability at the Virgo interferometer
Authors: Longo Alessandro , Bianchi Stefano , Valdes Guillermo , Arnaud Nicolas , Plastino Wolfango 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Data acquired by the Virgo interferometer during the second part of the O3 scientific run, referred to as O3b, were analysed with the aim of characterising the onset and time evolution of scattered light noise in connection with the variability of microseismic noise in the environment surrounding the detector. The adaptive algorithm used, called pytvfemd, is suitable for the analysis of time series which are both nonlinear and nonstationary. It allowed to obtain the first oscillatory mode of the differential arm motion degree of freedom of the detector during days affected by scattered light noise. The mode’s envelope i.e. its instantaneous amplitude, is then correlated with the motion of the West end bench, a known source of scattered light during O3. The relative velocity between the West end test mass and the West end optical bench is used as a predictor of scattered light noise. Higher values of correlation are obtained in periods of higher seismic noise in the microseismic frequency band. This is also confirmed by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of scattered light glitches from GravitySpy for the January–March 2020 period. Obtained results suggest that the adopted methodology is suited for scattered light noise characterisation and monitoring in gravitational wave interferometers.
Target signatures for thin surfaces
Authors: Cakoni Fioralba , Monk Peter , Zhang Yangwen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We investigate an inverse scattering problem for a thin inhomogeneous scatterer in

R

m

, m = 2, 3, which we model as an m − 1 dimensional open surface. The scatterer is referred to as a screen. The goal is to design target signatures that are computable from scattering data in order to detect changes in the material properties of the screen. This target signature is characterized by a mixed Steklov eigenvalue problem for a domain whose boundary contains the screen. We show that the corresponding eigenvalues can be determined from appropriately modified scattering data by using the generalized linear sampling method. A weaker justification is provided for the classical linear sampling method. Numerical experiments are presented to support our theoretical results.
RF MEMS electrostatically actuated tunable capacitors and their applications: a review
Authors: Khan Fahimullah , Younis Mohammad I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper reviews the recent developments of micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) based electrostatically actuated tunable capacitors. MEMS based tunable capacitors (MBTCs) are important building blocks in advanced radio frequency communication systems and portable electronics. This is due to their excellent performance compared to solid state counterpart. Different designs, tuning mechanisms, and performance parameters of MBTCs are discussed, compared, and summarized. Several quantitative comparisons in terms of tuning range, quality factor (Q factor), and electrodes configurations are presented, which provide deep insight into different design studies, assists in selecting designs, and layouts that best suit various applications. We also highlight recent modern applications of tunable capacitors, such as mobile handsets, internet of things, communication sensors, and 5G antennas. Finally, the paper discusses different design approaches and proposes guidelines for performance improvement.
Charge carrier dynamics and photovoltaic properties of near-infrared absorbing squaraine incorporated solution-processed additive-free PTB7:PCBM based ternary solar cells
Authors: Anitha B , Joseph Alvin , Alexander Akhil , Vijith K P , Varun Srivastava , Namboothiry Manoj A G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The introduction of a third component vehemently modifies the morphology and charge carrier dynamics in the blend of a donor–acceptor pair, thereby affecting the photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells (OSCs). Combining steady-state, impedance, and transient spectroscopic measurements, photovoltaic properties of 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (SQ) incorporated additive-free PTB7:PC70BM OSCs are assessed. As observed from steady-state measurements, concomitant enhancement in open-circuit voltage (VOC) and short-circuit current density (JSC) has caused a 33% enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) with good reliability and reproducibility. On introducing 25 wt.% SQ to the OSCs, V
OC has increased from 0.74 to 0.80 V, while J
SC has improved from 11.3 to 13.9 mA cm−2 with an increment in exciton dissociation probability rate from 81.5% to 94.9%. However, the fill factor values show inconsistent marginal variations with SQ addition. Equivalent circuit modeling of bias-voltage dependent impedance spectra along with transient photovoltage measurements reveal an improvement in effective charge carrier lifetime for the SQ incorporated OSCs, in comparison to the binary device. The addition of SQ also ensures better charge transport and extraction, as evidenced by photo-CELIV and transient photocurrent analysis. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images confirm the effective tuning of the morphology of the active layer when SQ is introduced into the binary blend, favoring efficient charge dissociation and transport. The possible operation mechanism of SQ incorporated ternary OSCs is proposed based on photoluminescence and AFM measurements. Moreover, the un-encapsulated OSC with 25 wt.% SQ has retained 91% of the initial PCE, while for the binary device the PCE declined to ∼75% of the initial value after 200 h of continuous 1 sun illumination from a white LED in ambient atmosphere.
Complex band structure with non-orthogonal basis set: analytical properties and implementation in the SIESTA code
Authors: Bosoni E , Sanvito S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The complex band structure (CBS), although not directly observable, determines many properties of a material where the periodicity is broken, such at surfaces, interfaces and defects. Furthermore, its knowledge helps in the interpretation of electronic transport calculations and in the study of topological materials. Here we extend the transfer matrix method, often used to compute the complex bands, to electronic structures constructed using an atomic non-orthogonal basis set. We demonstrate that when the overlap matrix is not the identity, the non-orthogonal case, spurious features appear in the analytic continuation of the band structure to the complex plane. The properties of these are studied both numerically and analytically and discussed in the context of existing literature. Finally, a numerical implementation to extract the CBS from periodic calculations carried out with the density functional theory code siesta is presented. This is constructed as a simple post-processing tool, and it is therefore amenable to high-throughput studies of insulators and semiconductors.
Thermal transport in beta-gallium oxide thin-films using non-gray Boltzmann transport equation
Authors: Kumar Nitish , Barry Matthew C , Kumar Satish 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Phonon transport in β-Ga2O3 thin films and metal-oxide field effect transistors (MESFETs) are investigated using non-gray Boltzmann transport equations (BTEs) to decipher the effect of ballistic-diffusive phonon transport. The effects of domain size, and energy dissipation to various phonon modes and subsequent phonon–phonon energy exchange on the thermal transport and temperature distribution is investigated using non-gray BTE. Our analysis deciphered that domain size plays a major role in thermal transport in β-Ga2O3 but energy dissipation to various phonon modes and subsequent phonon–phonon energy exchange does not affect the temperature field significantly. Phonon transport in β-Ga2O3 MESFETs on diamond substrate is investigated using coupled non-gray BTE and Fourier model. It is established that the ballistic effects need to be considered for devices with β-Ga2O3 layer thickness less than 1 μm. A non-gray phonon BTE model should be used near hotspot in the thin β-Ga2O3 layer as the Fourier model may not give accurate temperature distribution. The results from this work will help in understanding the mechanism of phonon transport in the β-Ga2O3 thin films and energy efficient design of its FETs.
Instability of Majorana states in Shiba chains due to leakage into a topological substrate
Authors: Sedlmayr Nicholas , Bena Cristina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We revisit the problem of Majorana states in chains of scalar impurities deposited on a superconductor with a mixed s-wave and p-wave pairing. We also study the formation of Majorana states for magnetic impurity chains. We find that the magnetic impurity chains exhibit well-localized Majorana states when the substrate is trivial, but these states hybridize and get dissolved in the bulk when the substrate is topological. Most surprisingly, and contrary to previous predictions, the scalar impurity chain does not support fully localized Majorana states except for very small and finely tuned parameter regimes, mostly for a non-topological substrate close to the topological transition. Our results indicate that a purely p-wave or a dominant p-wave substrate are not good candidates to support either magnetic or scalar impurity topological Shiba chains.
Pressure driven long wavelength MHD instabilities in an axisymmetric toroidal resistive plasma
Authors: Graves J P , Coste-Sarguet M , Wahlberg C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A general set of equations that govern global resistive interchange, resistive internal kink and resistive infernal modes in a toroidal axisymmetric equilibrium are systematically derived in detail. Tractable equations are developed such that resistive effects on the fundamental rational surface can be treated together with resistive effects on the rational surfaces of the sidebands. Resistivity introduces coupling of pressure driven toroidal instabilities with ion acoustic waves, while compression introduces flute-like flows and damping of instabilities, enhanced by toroidal effects. It is shown under which equilibrium conditions global interchange, internal kink modes or infernal modes occur. The m = 1 internal kink is derived for the first time from higher order infernal mode equations, and new resistive infernal modes resonant at the q = 1 surface are reduced analytically. Of particular interest are the competing effects of resistive corrections on the rational surfaces of the fundamental harmonic and on the sidebands, which in this paper is investigated for standard profiles developed for the m = 1 internal kink problem.
Experimental and numerical investigation of Poole–Frenkel effect on dynamic R
ON transients in C-doped p-GaN HEMTs
Authors: Zagni Nicolò , Cioni Marcello , Iucolano Ferdinando , Moschetti Maurizio , Verzellesi Giovanni , Chini Alessandro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the influence of Poole–Frenkel effect (PFE) on the dynamic R
ON transients in C-doped p-GaN HEMTs. To this aim, we perform a characterization of the dynamic R
ON transients acquired during OFF-state stress (i.e. V
GS,STR = 0 V < V
T, V
DS,STR = 25–125 V) and we interpret the results with the aid of numerical simulations. We find that dynamic R
ON transients at room temperature accelerate with V
DS,STR
1/2, which is signature of PFE, as further confirmed by the simultaneous decrease of the activation energy (E
A) extracted from the Arrhenius plot of the dynamic R
ON transients at V
DS,STR = 50 V and T = 30 °C–110 °C. Results obtained by means of calibrated numerical simulations reproduce the exponential dependence of transients time constants (τ) on V
DS,STR
1/2 and consequent E
A reduction only when including the PFE-enhancement model of hole emission from dominant acceptor traps in the buffer related to C doping. This result is consistent with the ‘hole-redistribution’ model that considers hole emission from acceptor traps (rather than electron capture) as the mechanism underlying dynamic R
ON increase during OFF-state stress.