bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swimming Performance of Delta Smelt: Maximum Performance, And Behavioral And Kinematic Limitations On Swimming At Submaximal Velocities
Authors: Swanson Christina , Young Paciencia S. , Cech Jr Joseph J. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Swimming performance, measured as critical swimming velocity (Ucrit) and endurance, and swimming behavior and kinematics were measured in delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus, a threatened estuarine planktivore. Most fish (58 % of the Ucrit test group) were capable of achieving and sustaining moderately high velocities: mean Ucrit was 27.6±5.1 cm s−1 (S.D.). Ucrit was not affected by either acclimation temperature (12–21 °C) or fish size (3.2–6.8 cm standard length) and was generally comparable with values measured for other similarly sized fishes. The remaining 42 % of the fish failed to swim at velocities above 10–15 cm s−1 . Interestingly, of the fish that provided a Ucrit measurement, 62 % experienced at least one temporary swimming failure between 10 and 20 cm s−1 . Endurance was highly variable and, for all velocities, not normally distributed; the only significant decrease, from 6 h to 64 min, occurred between 10 and 15 cm s−1 . Kinematic analyses of stroke frequency, stroke amplitude, stride length, glide frequency, glide duration, proportion of time spent stroking and the number of strokes between successive glides showed that delta smelt employed three velocity-dependent swimming gaits: a discontinuous ‘stroke-and-glide’ swimming behavior below 10 cm s−1 ; a continuous swimming behavior above 15 cm s−1 and up to Ucrit; and a discontinuous ‘burst-and-glide’ swimming behavior at velocities above Ucrit. Swimming failure at velocities between 10 and 20 cm s−1 coincided with the transition from ‘stroke-and-glide’ swimming to continuous swimming; delta smelt were unable or unwilling to swim steadily in the flume within this transition velocity range. These results underscore the importance of monitoring and quantifying behavior in experiments intended as physiological performance tests of whole animals.
Is Re-introducing Major Open and Minimally Invasive Surgery during COVID-19 Safe for Patients and Healthcare Workers? An International, Multi-centre Cohort Study in the Field of Oesophago-gastric Surgery
Authors: Alasmar Mohamed , Kausar Afsana , Borgstein Alexander Berend-Jan , Moons Johnny , Doran Sophie , de Pascale Stefano , Restrepo Rafael , Verrengia Apollonia , Alloggio Mariella , Delgado Ana Moro , Kumar Sacheen , del Val Ismael Díez , Giocapuzzi Simone , Baiocchi Gian Luca , de Vega Irañeta Marta , Salcedo Gabriel , Vorwald Peter , Fumagalli Romario Uberto , Nafteux Philippe , Gisbertz Suzanne , Chaudry Mohammed Asif , Alkhaffaf Bilal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unparalleled changes to patient care, including the suspension of cancer surgery. Concerns regarding COVID-19-related risks to patients and healthcare workers with the re-introduction of major complex minimally invasive and open surgery have been raised. This study examines the COVID-19 related risks to patients and healthcare workers following the re-introduction of major oesophago-gastric (EG) surgery.

Patients and Methods
This was an international, multi-centre, observational study of consecutive patients treated by open and minimally invasive oesophagectomy and gastrectomy for malignant or benign disease. Patients were recruited from nine European centres serving regions with a high population incidence of COVID-19 between 1 May and 1 July 2020. The primary endpoint was 30-day COVID-19-related mortality. All staff involved in the operative care of patients were invited to complete a health-related survey to assess the incidence of COVID-19 in this group.

Results
In total, 158 patients were included in the study (71 oesophagectomy, 82 gastrectomy). Overall, 87 patients (57%) underwent MIS (59 oesophagectomy, 28 gastrectomy). A total of 403 staff were eligible for inclusion, of whom 313 (78%) completed the health survey. Approaches to mitigate against the risks of COVID-19 for patients and staff varied amongst centres. No patients developed COVID-19 in the post-operative period. Two healthcare workers developed self-limiting COVID-19.

Conclusions
Precautions to minimise the risk of COVID-19 infection have enabled the safe re-introduction of minimally invasive and open EG surgery for both patients and staff. Further studies are necessary to determine the minimum requirements for mitigations against COVID-19.
Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint and its management
Authors: Jannati S , Pretzl C , Ali N , Holmes S 
Published: April 2021

Synovial chondromatosis is a condition in which loose fragments of cartilage develop in the synovial membrane of joints due to metaplasia of the subsynovial connective tissue. The resulting symptoms are similar to those of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Clinical diagnosis can therefore be challenging. Synovial chondromatosis rarely occurs in the TMJ as its predilection is towards larger joints. A systematic review up until June 2010 reported a total 241 cases of TMJ synovial chondromatosis. We present two cases of TMJ synovial chondromatosis seen and treated in our department. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Awareness of TMJ synovial chondromatosis can enable patients to receive appropriate management before progression of the condition.
Decoronation of ankylosed teeth: An Overview
Authors: Lawson Jennifer A , Wallace Ann , Zaitoun Halla 
Published: April 2021

Severe traumatic dental injuries to permanent incisor teeth often result in replacement resorption following significant damage to the periodontal ligament. This leads to ankylosis and subsequent infra-occlusion of the traumatized tooth in a growing paediatric patient. Extraction of these teeth can lead to vertical bony defects that complicate restorative management of the edentulous space. Decoronation is a technique employed to preserve bone in the alveolar crest in an attempt to reduce these defects. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper aims to remind readers of the processes of replacement resorption and ankylosis and introduces the use of decoronation for such teeth.
Dental care for the bariatric patient
Authors: Hamilton Jessica , Gittins Mary , Geddis-Regan Andrew , Walton Graham 
Published: April 2021

As the overweight and obese population increases, one must be mindful of the implications on the delivery of dental care to this group. Appropriate facilities must be available, which may warrant structural and equipment adaptations to clinical and non-clinical areas. The complexity of dental treatment planning and delivery may be compounded by medical comorbidities, and careful consideration must be given to the suitability and safety of conscious sedation and general anaesthesia in order to facilitate treatment. This article aims to discuss how safe provision and equitable access to dental care can be achieved for the bariatric population. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article aims to discuss the challenges posed by the increase in the overweight and obese population and considerations to be taken for provision of safe and equitable bariatric dental care.
Medically Unexplained Oral Symptoms
Authors: Steel Ben J , Goel Vishal , Dorman Paul J , Durham Justin 
Published: April 2021

Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are common in all areas of healthcare, and when the term is applied to oral symptoms, it can be appropriately focused as medically unexplained oral symptoms (MUOS). This article reviews the causes/associations and presentations of MUOS in dentistry, and describes confusable or possible comorbid psychiatric conditions. Management of patients with MUOS in primary dental care often requires close working with the patient's GP and other professionals. Strategies for the assessment and management of such patients are described. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dentists in primary care are likely to see patients with medically unexplained oral symptoms. A good knowledge of the correct identification and management of these symptoms is crucial for a satisfactory outcome. A proficiency in assessing and managing MUOS patients is an important skill for all primary care dentists.
Perceptions of active zumba members regarding the concept of "zumba": A metaphor analysis study
Authors: Ceylan Gizem , Kozak Melek 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is to determine the perceptions of the members participating in active zumba about the concept of "Zumba" with the help of metaphor. The research group consisted of 94 volunteers living in Ankara (age = 32.57 ± 9.91 years) and doing active zumba in various gyms. In the research, as a data collection tool, a "metaphor form" was prepared to determine the participants' perceptions about the concept of zumba. The research data were collected with the metaphor form sentence is written "Zumba is like …; because…. ” As the metaphors obtained in the research are used as a descriptive tool, one of the qualitative research approaches; content analysis was used.For the reliability of the analysis of the research data, the reliability coefficient between the participants was calculated and this value was found to be 97%. When the data were evaluated, it was determined that active zumba participant members produced a total of 35 metaphors.These metaphors were collected in 5 categories. While it was determined that the participants mostly developed metaphors related to the concept of zumba in the categories of "pleasure" and "feeling of happiness", these categories were followed by "health", "psychological benefit" and "socialization". The metaphors most produced by the participants are listed as entertainment, dance, chocolate, sports, lifestyle and life energy. As a result; in research for the concept of "zumba" of the participants; it has been determined that they use living, inanimate, abstract and concrete metaphors.

Özet

Bu araştırmanın amacı, aktif zumbaya katılan üyelerin ‘Zumba’ kavramına ilişkin sahip oldukları algıları metafor yardımıyla belirlenmesidir. Araştırma grubunu Ankara’da yaşayan (yaş = 32,57±9,91 yıl) çeşitli spor salonlarında aktif zumba yapan 94 gönüllü oluşturmuştur. Araştırma da veri toplama aracı olarak katılımcılara zumba kavramına ilişkin sahip oldukları algılarını belirlemek için “metafor formu” hazırlanmıştır. Araştırma verileri “Zumba…gibidir, Çünkü…”cümlesinin yazılı olduğu metafor formuyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen metaforlar bir betimleme aracı olarak kullanıldığından nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinin güvenirliği için katılımcılar arası güvenirlik kat sayısı hesaplanmış ve bu değer %97 olarak bulunmuştur. Veriler değerlendirildiğinde, aktif zumba katılımcısı üyelerinin toplam 35 metafor ürettiği görülmüştür. Üretilen bu metaforlar 5 kategoride toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların zumba kavramına ilişkin en çok “haz” ve “mutluluk hissi” kategorisinde metaforlar geliştirdikleri belirlenirken, bu kategorileri “sağlık”, “psikolojik fayda” ve “sosyalleşme” kategorileri izlemiştir. Katılımcıların en fazla ürettiği metaforlar eğlence, dans, çikolata, spor, yaşam biçimi ve hayat enerjisi şeklinde sıralanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; araştırmada katılımcıların “zumba” kavramı için; canlı, cansız, soyut ve somut metaforlar kullandıkları belirlenmiştir.
Influence of Ultrafine Metakaolin in Improving the Compressive Strength and Durability Properties of Concrete
Authors: Macquarie Supit Steve Wilben , Rumbayan Rilya , Ticoalu Adriana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This research reports on the effects of using ultrafine metakaolin to improve the durability properties of concrete. The particle size of ultrafine metakaolin was obtained using high-energy milling with 2 h of grinding. An experimental investigation was carried out by replacing portland composite cement with 5 % and 10 % ultrafine metakaolin. The results show that the optimum amount of ultrafine metakaolin in concrete mixes is 10 % by weight. For instance, the compressive strength of the concrete specimens with 10 % ultrafine metakaolin (UM-10) improved the compressive strength by 123 % at 3 days, 85 % at 7 days, and 53 % at 28 days, respectively. The results from water sorptivity and volume permeable void tests also confirmed the significant effects of ultrafine metakaolin in terms of it improving the durability resistance and increasing the density of the concrete. The water sorptivity value of the UM-10 sample was found to be 76 % and 68 % lower compared to the control concrete (PC). The percentage of the volume of the permeable voids in UM-10 was also reduced at about 70 %, indicating the modification of the pore size distribution because of the ultrafine sizes of the metakaolin. The results were confirmed by microstructure analysis such as scanning electron microscopy/backscattered electron image, X-ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis conducted on hardened cement paste with and without ultrafine metakaolin. It was concluded that the addition of ultrafine metakaolin influences the pore modification and reduces the calcium hydroxide (CH) content, thus initiating the formation of calcium silicate hydrate gel as one of the beneficial effects of amorphous ultrafine metakaolin that results in the enhancement of the performance of the cement concrete composites with ultrafine metakaolin.
Effect of Interlayer Composition on Microstructure and Properties of Titanium/Aluminum TLP Bond
Authors: Mofid Mohammad Ammar , Farshbaf Mahmoud , Naeimian Hamid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The transient liquid phase bonding of titanium and aluminum alloys was investigated, in which the interlayer was a 30-µm-thick brass foil and pure silver foil. The optimized variables used in this work are bonding temperature and time of 600°C and 30 min, respectively. The bonding temperature of 600°C (higher than both Al–Ag and Al–Cu eutectic temperatures) was selected to ensure melting. In both cases, an interesting intergranular eutectic-like phase was observed along the Al2024 grain boundaries. The evaluation of the interfaces of joints via optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, line scan, and X-ray diffraction demonstrated that a high temperature in the transient liquid phase process leads to the diffusion of alloying elements to form the molten eutectic. By holding the joint at the bonding temperature, the diffusion of alloying elements resumes, and the liquid interlayer solidifies isothermally because of the changes in the composition of the melted interlayer. The formation of Al2Cu, MgZn2, and TiMg3Zn15 phases was confirmed in the specimen made with brass foil as the interlayer. The interface width is decreased significantly from 8 µm to 2 µm by using silver foil instead of Cu–Zn foil as the interlayer. It is suggested that applying silver interlayer was successful in controlling the diffusion between two base metals and resulted in the formation of Ag2Al and AgMg phases on the fracture surface. This joint gave a higher shear strength of 154.7 MPa. The significant reduction in the strength of the bond due to using Cu–Zn foil as an interlayer (70.2 MPa) can be attributed to aggregation and growth of the brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in the vicinity of the joint interface.
Drilling of High Volume Fraction Al2O3 Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Bachchhav B. D. , Salunkhe Sachin , Naranje Vishal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Composites of high volume fraction are suitable in many applications because of their high strength-to-weight ratio, high hardness, and wear resistance. In this study, the influence of drilling parameters and volume fraction of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) on the material removal rate (MRR), surface finish, and overcut was investigated. Al-Al2O3 metal matrix composites were stirred cast with 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % of Al2O3 concentration and subsequently machined using computer numerical controlled drilling. Experiments based on Taguchi’s methodology were carried out with L9 orthogonal array. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratio analysis revealed the ranking of the most influencing process parameters. High volume fraction reinforcement of Al2O3 shows an adverse effect on MRR, surface roughness, and overcut. The drilling of high volume fraction ceramic-reinforced composite shows a brittle fracture of hard particles leading to the generation of overcut on the top surface. An empirical relationship between the process parameters under consideration and response variables were established by using regression analysis. The mathematical equations obtained through this work can be extended to find out the optimum volume fraction of Al2O3 to have better MRR and accuracies. This work will be useful to the metalworking industry towards the development of products having excellent tribo-mechanical properties.
Corrosion Behavior of P/M Plain Carbon Steel under the Influence of Various Heat Treatment Processes
Authors: Kandavel T. K. , Panneerselvam T. , Karthikeyan P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present research work focuses on the effects of heat treatment on corrosion behavior of sintered plain carbon steel (Fe-0.5%C). Investigation on corrosion mechanism has been carried out on three different heat-treated (annealing, normalizing, and hardening) powder metallurgy plain carbon steel specimens. Aqueous immersion and electrochemical pickling corrosion tests were conducted on the heat-treated specimens. It has been found that the heat treatments have enhanced the percentage of theoretical density as well as the hardness of the specimen compared with the as-sintered specimen. The corrosion resistance of the oil-quenched specimen was found to be higher than that of the other heat-treated specimens. Larger grains are observed in the case of as-sintered and annealed specimens, and more iron carbides are observed in the normalized and oil-quenched specimens. Intergranular and pitting types of corrosion have been observed in the scanning electron microscopy images of corroded specimens.
ГІСТОРЫЯ ВЫВУЧЭННЯ ЖАНОЧАГА СТРОЮ КУЛЬТУРЫ СМАЛЕНСКА-ПОЛАЦКІХ ДОЎГІХ КУРГАНОЎ: ВЫНІКІ І СУЧАСНЫ СТАН
Authors: Тарасевіч Вікторыя 
Published: April 2021

Статтю присвячено історії вивчення, а також аналізу ступеня вивченості жіночого металевого вбрання (костюма) культури смоленсько-полоцьких довгих курганів, яку прийнято ототожнювати з літописними кривичами. Автор проаналізував низку наукових публікацій, на основі яких було зроблено висновок про те, що цілеспрямоване вивчення цього питання почалось з 1960-х р. У вивченні жіночого ювелірного убору кривичів можна виокремити три періоди. Перший період (1960-ті – початок 1990-х рр.) характеризується поступовим відходом від сприйняття жіночого убору «культури довгих курганів» тільки як джерела: убір став предметом дослідження. Другий період (1990-ті – 2017 рр.) характеризується цілеспрямованим вивченням жіночого убору в рамках поняття культури смоленсько-полоцьких довгих курганів (КСПДК). У цей час виникають досить детальні типології окремих елементів жіночого убору КСПДК. З 2017 р. починається третій період (2017 рік – наш час). Він виділений на основі виявлених безкурганних поховань КСПДК, у яких трапляються нові «нетипові» жіночі прикраси. Це спонукало дослідників до переосмислення традицій поховального обряду та характерних елементів жіночого убору кривичів. Серед основних дослідників можна назвати імена Є. А. Шмідта, В. В. Сєдова, В. В. Єнукова, В. С. Нєфьодова. За результатами багаторічних досліджень було виділено речі, які виступають як «культурні маркери», запропоновано типології та хронологію окремих елементів жіночого металевого вбрання: скроневих кілець, головних вінець, тримачів. Встановлено, що при дослідженні жіночого ювелірного вбрання культури смоленсько-полоцьких довгих курганів переважає «мікрорегіональний підхід»: типології інвентарю переважно базуються на матеріалах смоленської частини ареалу культури. Отже, існує «розрив» у рівні вивченості жіночого металевого вбрання між російськими та білоруськими дослідниками: на території Білорусі вивчення його локальних особливостей та хронології тільки почалось.
PREPARING FOR TRANSITION: A STUDY OF NEW COLLEGE PRINCIPALS’ SITUATION IN GHANA
Authors: FYNN CAROLINE AGGREY 
Published: April 2021

The importance of leadership transition in Colleges of Education in Ghana cannot be overemphasised due to its immense impact on quality teacher education and training. This requires that newly appointed principals prepare adequately for the transition. However, there is a seeming absence of research on the concept in the Ghanaian context. This qualitative study which employed the phenomenology approach, therefore, investigates how new college of education principals in Ghana prepare for the transition into their new role. The study purposively sampled ten (10) newly appointed principals of public colleges of education for the study. Interview protocol was used to collect the data for the study. The responses from participants were analysed using Colaizzi's phenomenological data analysis method. The result revealed that the newly appointed principals prepared for the transition by coping with the psychological, social and professional impacts of the new appointment to manage. Goal setting was also paramount for their tenure of office. The study recommended that preparation prior to assumption of duty is necessary as it helps to get oneself ready for the role and for that matter the transition.
A quantitative HPLC method for simultaneous determination of prodrug of voriconazole and voriconazole in beagle plasma, and its application to a toxicokinetic study
Authors: Wen Yufa , Chen Shuang , Yuan Yanjuan , Shao Qing , He Xuejun , Qiao Hongqun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A simple, rapid, efficient and reproducible method based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for simultaneous determination of prodrug of voriconazole (POV) and voriconazole in beagle plasma has been established and validated. Omeprazole was utilized as the sole internal standard. Analytes and internal standards were extracted through protein precipitation and separated on a Venusil XBP C18 chromatography column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm). The mobile phase was methanol and 20 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Chromatographic separation was achieved by using an isocratic elution procedure that used 65% methanol and a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The ultraviolet (UV) detection wavelength was 256 nm and the total running time was 15 min. This method showed good linear ranges of 100–75,000 ng/mL for voriconazole prodrug and 200–100,000 ng/mL for voriconazole respectively. The precision and accuracy were acceptable. Analytes in plasma samples are stable under different temperatures and storage conditions. The developed HPLC method has been successfully applied to the studies of toxicokinetics of POV after intravenous drip in beagle and provided important information for the further development and application.