bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycemic profile and associated factors in indigenous Munduruku, Amazonas
Authors: Gomes Hanna Lorena Moraes , Sombra Neuliane Melo , Cordeiro Eliza Dayanne de Oliveira , Filho Zilmar Augusto de Souza , Toledo Noeli das Neves , Mainbourg Evelyne Marie Therese , Sousa António Manuel , de Almeida Gilsirene Scantelbury 
Published: September 2021

Objective
To evaluate the glycemic profile and its association with sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical and lifestyle factors of Munduruku indigenous people.

Method
Cross-sectional study with a quantitative and analytical approach, a total of 459 indigenous people (57.1% men, aged 36.3 ± 14.7 years old) belonging to the Munduruku ethnic group from the Kwatá-Laranjal Indigenous Land, in Amazonas, Brazil, were selected by probabilistic sampling in all households in the four most populous villages. Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, blood pressure levels and lipid profile were evaluated. Fasting capillary blood glucose was measured with a digital device. The associations were assessed by multinomial logistic regression, and p-values≤0.05 were considered significant.

Results
For pre-diabetes, prevalence was 74.3% and, for diabetes, 12.2%. The variables associated with the risk for pre-diabetes were the following: age (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.00 – 1.06) and obesity (OR = 9.69; 95% CI = 1.28 – 73.58). The positive associations indicating risk for diabetes were as follows: age (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.03 – 1.08), overweight (OR = 4.17; 95% CI = 1.69 – 10.32) and obesity (OR = 35.26; 95% CI = 4.12 – 302.08).

Conclusions
The risks associated with pre-diabetes and diabetes among the Munduruku indigenous people revealed a worrying index. It is necessary to consider changes in eating habits and lifestyle, as well as possible environmental and social changes that can affect this and other groups, with emphasis on those who live in vulnerable conditions.
Longitudinal detection of somatic mutations in saliva and plasma for the surveillance of oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Cui Ying , Kim Hae-Suk , Cho Eunae Sandra , Han Dawool , Park Jung Ah , Park Ju Yeong , Nam Woong , Kim Hyung Jun , Cha In-Ho , Cha Yong Hoon 
Published: September 2021

Purposes
Although clinical and radiological examinations can be used to diagnose oral cancer, and surgical pathology remains the gold standard, these conventional methods have limitations. We evaluated the feasibility of longitudinal next-generation sequencing-based liquid biopsy for oral squamous cell carcinoma surveillance.

Materials and methods
Eleven patients were enrolled, and plasma and saliva were collected before, and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Tumor-specific mutations were selected using paired, whole-exome analyses of tumor tissues and whole blood. Genes frequently mutated in head and neck cancer were identified using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) databases to design targeted deep sequencing panels.

Results
In five of the six patients with recurrent cancer, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was detected earlier with liquid biopsy than with conventional monitoring techniques. Moreover, patients without recurrence exhibited decreased ctDNA allele frequency post-treatment.

Conclusions
Longitudinal liquid biopsy of plasma and saliva may be feasible for detecting somatic mutations associated with oral squamous cell carcinomas. It might be attributable to determine early tumor recurrence through genetic analysis of ctDNA.
Incidence rates of digestive cancers among U.S. military servicemen: Comparison with the rates in the general U.S. population
Authors: Bytnar Julie A. , Shriver Craig D. , Zhu Kangmin 
Published: September 2021

Background
Digestive cancers greatly contribute to the cancer burden in the United States. These cancers are more common among men and some are increasing among adults under age 50. Military population, which is dominantly male and young, and general populations differ in exposure to risk factors for these cancers. However, no studies have systematically investigated whether the incidence rates of these cancers differ between the two populations. This study aimed to compare incidence rates and trends of select digestive cancers between active-duty military and general populations in men aged 20–59 years.

Methods
Data were from the Department of Defenses’ Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR) and the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 (SEER-9) registries. Age-adjusted incidence rates of colorectal, stomach, liver, and pancreatic cancers among men aged 20–59 years during 1990–2013 were compared between the two populations. Stratified analyses by age were done for colorectal and stomach cancers. The joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to examine temporal trends for colorectal cancer.

Results
The age-adjusted incidence rates of colorectal, stomach, liver, and pancreatic cancers were overall lower among active-duty than SEER (IRR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.81–0.92; IRR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.55–0.76; IRR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.30–0.49; IRR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.41–0.62, respectively). This was observed in the groups of both ages 20–39 and 40–59 years for stomach cancer, and in the group of ages 40–59 years for colorectal cancer. The incidence rates of colorectal cancer tended to decrease since 2008 in ACTUR.

Conclusion
The incidence rates for selected digestive cancers overall were lower in the active-duty military population than the U.S. general population. This study highlights the need for more research enhancing our understanding of variations in these cancers between the two populations.
Health care workers intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors in southwestern Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Angelo Abiy Tadesse , Alemayehu Daniel Shiferaw , Dachew Aklilu Mamo 
Published: September 2021

Introduction
Health care workers are the most affected part of the world population due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Countries prioritize vaccinating health workers against COVID-19 because of their susceptibility to the virus. However, the acceptability of the vaccine varies across populations. Thus, this study aimed to determine the health care worker’s intentions to accept the COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors in southwestern Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among health care workers in public hospitals in southwestern Ethiopia from March 15 to 28, 2021. A simple random sampling method was used to select 405 participants from each hospital. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, such as frequency and percentage, were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was also performed to identify factors associated with health care worker’s intention to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Statistically significant variables were selected based on p-values (<0.05) and the adjusted odds ratio was used to describe the strength of association with 95% confidence intervals.

Result
Among the respondents, 48.4% [95% CI: 38.6, 58.2] of health care workers intended to accept COVID-19. Intention to accept COVID-19 vaccination was significantly associated with physicians (AOR = 9.27, 95% CI: 1.27–27.32), professionals with a history of chronic illness (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI: 2.02–8.21), perceived degree of risk of COVID-19 infection (AOR = 4.63, 95% CI: 1.26–16.98), positive attitude toward COVID-19 prevention (AOR = 6.08, 95% CI: 3.39–10.91) and good preventive practices (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.58–5.08).

Conclusion
In this study, the intention of health care workers to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was low. Professional types, history of chronic illness, perceived degree of risk to COVID-19 infection, attitude toward COVID-19 and preventive practices were found to be factors for intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine in professionals. It is important to consider professional types, history of chronic illness, perceived degree of risk to COVID-19, attitude of professionals and preventive behaviors to improve the intention of professionals’ vaccine acceptance.
Spray mist reduction by means of a high-volume evacuation system—Results of an experimental study
Authors: Koch Martin , Graetz Christian 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
High-speed tooth preparation requires effective cooling to avoid thermal damage, which generates spray mist, which is a mixture of an aerosol, droplets and particles of different sizes. The aim of this experimental study was to analyze the efficacy of spray mist reduction with an intraoral high-volume evacuation system (HVE) during simulated high-speed tooth preparation for suboptimal versus optimal suction positions of 16 mm sized cannulas and different flow rates of the HVE.

Material and methods
In a manikin head, the upper first premolar was prepared with a dental turbine, and generated particles of 5–50 microns were analyzed fifty millimeters above the mouth opening with the shadow imaging technique (frame: 6.6×5.3×1.1 mm). This setup was chosen to generate a reproducible spray mist in a vertical direction towards an imaginary operator head (worst case scenario). The flow rate (FR) of the HVE was categorized into five levels (≤120 l/min up to 330 l/min). The number of particles per second (NP; p/s) was counted, and the mass volume flow of particles per second (MVF; μg/s*cm3) was calculated for 10 sec. Statistical tests were nonparametric and two-sided (p≤0.05).

Results
With increasing flow rate, the NP/MVF values decreased significantly (eta: 0.671/0.678; p≤0.001). Using a suboptimally positioned cannula with an FR≤160 l/min, significantly higher NP values (mean±SD) of 731.67±54.24 p/s (p≤0.019) and an MVF of 3.72±0.42 μg/s*cm3 (p≤0.010) were measured compared to those of the optimal cannula position and FR≥300 l/min (NP/MVF: 0/0). No significant difference in NP and MVF was measurable between FR≥250 l/min and FR>300 l/min (p = 0.652, p = 0.664).

Conclusion
Within the limitations of the current experimental study, intraoral high-flow rate suction with ≥300 l/min with an HVE effectively reduced 5–50 μm sized particles of the spray mist induced by high-speed tooth preparation with a dental turbine.
Identification of single nucleotide polymorphism c.957A>C of PLAG1 gene and its association with growth traits in Bali cattle
Authors: Putra I. G. R. , Sari D. A. , Rachmawati S. M. , Oktaviani R. , Noor R. R. , Jakaria J. 
Published: September 2021

The PLAG1 gene is one of the genes that affect the growth traits located on chromosome 14 in cattle. This study aims to obtain SNP of the PLAG1 gene in exon 1 and exon 2 and their association with growth traits in Bali cattle. The number of samples used was 52 samples of Bali cattle, 10 samples of Peranakan Ongole (PO), and 8 samples of Limousine cattle. Identification of SNPs PLAG1 gene was analyzed by direct sequencing method and genotyping of selected SNPs was carried out using PCR-RFLP. Association of genotypes of SNP c.957A>C with growth using t-test. There were 7 SNPs in exon 2 of the PLAG1 gene, namely SNP c.339A>G, c.489C>T, c.795A>G, c.957A>C, c.1023C>T, c.1056A>G, and c.1353A>G. SNP c.957A>C was validated by PCR-RFLP using TaqI enzyme and obtained three genotypes, namely genotypes AA, AC, and CC with allele frequency A and C, respec-tively 0.10 and 0.90 in Bali cattle, while in PO and Limousine cattle were monomorphic. Genotype association of SNP c.957A>C PLAG1 gene were not associated with birth weight (BW0), weaning weight at 205 days of age (WW205), yearling weight at 365 days of age (YW365), yearling weight at 730 days of age (YW730), and average daily gain (ADG). SNP c.957A>C as a specific SNP for Bali cattle needs to be investigated in further research as a candidate marker for growth traits in Bali cattle.
The efficacy of diuretics in complex treatment of patients with hypertension according to the Gly460Trp polymorphism of the α-adducin gene
Authors: Yermolenko S. A. , Orlovskyi V. F. , Orlovskyi O. V. , Zharkova A. V. , Moiseienko I. O. , Kolnohuz A. V. 
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of thiazide diuretics on blood pressure (BP) depending on Gly460Trp ADD1 gene polymorphism in arterial hypertension (AH) patients of the Ukrainian population in order to predict their individual treatment efficacy.
Material and methods. The study included 232 persons: 120 patients with verified stage II AH and 112 healthy individuals. Restriction fragment length polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect genotype (the Gly460Trp-polymorphic locus of the ADD1 gene). The patients received standard therapy, which included ACE inhibitor – ramipril 5 mg, calcium channel antagonist – amlodipine 5 mg, statin – atorvastatin 20 mg, acetylsalicylic acid 75 mg. The patients were randomized into two groups: group I (60 persons) additionally taking treatment with 1.5 mg of indapamide retard and group II (60 persons) – with 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide. The dynamic reduction of blood pressure has been assessed every 4 weeks for 2 months.
Results. Among 120 patients with AH, 91 persons (75.8 %) were homozygous for the G allele (GG), 26 persons (21.7 %) – heterozygous (GT) and 3 persons (2.5 %) – homozygous for the T allele (TT), while the G allele frequency in patients with hypertension was 0.87, and the T allele – 0.13. 98 healthy individuals (87.5 %) were homozygous for the G allele, 13 individuals (11.6 %) were heterozygous, and 1 person (0.9 %) was homozygous for the T allele. The carrier frequency of the G and T alleles was 0.93 and 0.07, respectively. Allelic distribution indicated the predominance of the G allele carriers by Gly460Trp polymorphism of the ADD1 gene among the Ukrainian population, regardless of whether AH symptoms were present. It is noteworthy that the number of the T allele carriers was 2 times large among symptomatic patients than that among healthy individuals. In patients with the T allele, the hypotensive efficacy of indapamide was almost 3 times higher than that in patients with the G allele. The antihypertensive effect of hydrochlorothiazide in patients with the GT and TT genotypes was 2 times greater than that in the GG genotype carriers depending on the presence of the T allele G460T polymorphism of ADD1 gene in the genotype.
Conclusions. Allelic distribution indicates the predominance of the G allele carriers by Gly460Trp ADD1 gene polymorphism among the Ukrainian population, regardless of whether AH symptoms are present. Among patients with AH, the accumulation of the T allele G460T polymorphic marker of the α-adducin gene is 2 times more than that in healthy individuals. Patients carrying the T allele demonstrate 2 times higher hypotensive efficacy of indapamide compared with hydrochlorothiazide.
Singular Finsler Double Phase Problems with Nonlinear Boundary Condition
Authors: Farkas Csaba , Fiscella Alessio , Winkert Patrick 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study a singular Finsler double phase problem with a nonlinear boundary condition and perturbations that have a type of critical growth, even on the boundary. Based on variational methods in combination with truncation techniques, we prove the existence of at least one weak solution for this problem under very general assumptions. Even in the case when the Finsler manifold reduces to the Euclidean norm, our work is the first one dealing with a singular double phase problem and nonlinear boundary condition.
Blow-Up Phenomena and Asymptotic Profiles Passing from H
1-Critical to Super-Critical Quasilinear Schrödinger Equations
Authors: Cassani Daniele , Wang Youjun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study the asymptotic profile, as

ℏ
→
0

{\hbar\rightarrow 0}

, of positive solutions to

-

ℏ
2

⁢
Δ
⁢
u

+

V
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u

-

ℏ

2
+
γ

⁢
u
⁢
Δ
⁢

u
2

=

K
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

|
u
|

p
-
2

⁢
u

,

x
∈

ℝ
N

,

-\hbar^{2}\Delta u+V(x)u-\hbar^{2+\gamma}u\Delta u^{2}=K(x)\lvert u\rvert^{p-2% }u,\quad x\in\mathbb{R}^{N},

where

γ
⩾
0

{\gamma\geqslant 0}

is a parameter with relevant physical interpretations, V and K are given potentials and the dimension N is greater than or equal to 5, as we look for finite

L
2

{L^{2}}

-energy solutions. We investigate the concentrating behavior of solutions when

γ
>
0

{\gamma>0}

and, differently from the case

γ
=
0

{\gamma=0}

where the leading potential is V, the concentration is here localized by the source potential K. Moreover, surprisingly for

γ
>
0

{\gamma>0}

we find a different concentration behavior of solutions in the case

p
=

2
⁢
N

N
-
2

{p=\frac{2N}{N-2}}

and when

2
⁢
N

N
-
2

<
p
<

4
⁢
N

N
-
2

{\frac{2N}{N-2}<p<\frac{4N}{N-2}}

. This phenomenon does not occur when

γ
=
0

{\gamma=0}

.
Blue-emitting polystyrene scintillators for plastic scintillation dosimetry
Authors: Kapłon Łukasz , Moskal Gabriel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Purpose of this research was to find the best blue-emitting fluorescent substance for plastic scintillator used for gamma radiation dosimetry. Scintillator should convert gamma radiation into blue light with high efficiency.

Methods
Plastic scintillators with fixed concentration of various fluorescent additives, called wavelength shifters, absorbing ultraviolet light and emitting blue light were manufactured by radical bulk polymerization of styrene. Light output were measured and compared to the light output of commercial plastic scintillator.

Results
Performed measurements of charge Compton spectra confirmed usefulness of majority of researched substances as wavelength shifters in plastic scintillators with emission maximum at blue range of visible light.

Conclusions
Plastic scintillation dosimeter may be constructed from manufactured polystyrene-based scintillators. Performance of synthesized scintillators is close to commercial polystyrene scintillators.
Spazieren und Beten
Authors: Manuwald Henrike 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The ›Rennewart‹ by Ulrich von Türheim describes a daily habit Willehalm pursues shortly before his death: vespertine walks that help him to say his prayers fully. The description of this routine serves as the focal point for studying how the text frames different forms of religious life in addition to the contrast between chivalric and monastic or eremitic forms of life. The article argues that the main issue in the text is not establishing a hierarchy between different forms of life, but rather addressing the question to what extent an individual can adapt established forms of life. Drawing both on a close reading of the moniage part of the text and on a reconstruction of the cultural semantics of promenading, the article interprets Willehalm’s habit of walking as an idiosyncratic practice of religious life.
Torus actions, maximality, and non-negative curvature
Authors: Escher Christine , Searle Catherine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Let

ℳ
0
n

{\mathcal{M}_{0}^{n}}

be the class of closed, simply connected, non-negatively curved Riemannian n-manifolds admitting an isometric, effective, isotropy-maximal torus action. We prove that if

M
∈

ℳ
0
n

{M\in\mathcal{M}_{0}^{n}}

, then M is equivariantly diffeomorphic to the free, linear quotient by a torus of a product of spheres of dimensions greater than or equal to 3. As a special case, we then prove the Maximal Symmetry Rank Conjecture for all

M
∈

ℳ
0
n

{M\in\mathcal{M}_{0}^{n}}

. Finally, we show
the Maximal Symmetry Rank Conjecture for simply connected, non-negatively curved manifolds holds for dimensions less than or equal to 9 without additional assumptions on the torus action.
Shortest closed curve to inspect a sphere
Authors: Ghomi Mohammad , Wenk James 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe show that in Euclidean 3-space any closed curve γ which lies outside the unit sphere and contains the sphere within its convex hull has length≥4⁢π{\geq 4\pi}. Equality holds only when γ is composed of four semicircles of length π, arranged in the shape of a baseball seam, as conjectured by V. A. Zalgaller in 1996.
A human heartbeat frequencies based 2-DOF piezoelectric energy harvester for pacemaker application
Authors: Mayekol Mayck Hygin Davidson , Fath El-Bab Ahmed Mohamed Rashad , Murimi Evan , Moukala Mpele Pierre 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the last decade, piezoelectric energy harvesters have received a significant attention from the scientific community. This comes along with the need of developing self-powered devices such as medical implant to reduce the cost and risk of surgery. This paper investigates a two degree of freedom (2-DOF) piezoelectric energy harvester device to be integrated into a pacemaker. The 2-DOF is designed as a cut-out beam with a secondary beam cut into a primary one. The system is developed to operate in the frequency range of 0–2 Hz, with an acceleration of 1 g (9.8 m/s2) to match the heartbeat frequencies (1–1.67 Hz). The system uses a Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) and a Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA) as lead beam to compensate the brittleness of PZT. COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to model and analyze the resonant frequencies of the system, and the stress in the piezoelectric beam. The proposed device has a compact volume of 26 × 11.58 × 0.41 mm, which can fit perfectly in a pacemaker whose battery volume has been reduced by 50%. The output voltage and power are determined through analytical calculus using Matlab. Typical pacemakers require 1 μW to operate. Thus, with a peak power of 30.97 μW at 1.5 Hz and an average output power of 11.05 μW observed from 0.9 to 1.7 Hz, the harvester can power a pacemaker. It is assumed that the energy harvester could extend its life time for 5–10 more years. Furthermore, the harvester operates at extremely low frequency and produces reasonable power, making it suitable for biomedical devices.
Are consumers aware of products’ environmental impacts? Different results between life cycle assessment data and consumers’ opinions: the case study of organic Parmigiano Reggiano and its packaging
Authors: Borghesi Giulia , Stefanini Roberta , Vignali Giuseppe 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Companies are paying attention to the reduction of their products’ environmental impact and consumer’s opinion is fundamental to understand which are the market strategies to be undertaken. Consumers are interested in environmental issue, but do they buy products taking scientific data into account? For example, according to literature, consumers believe that the abolition of plastic packaging is the solution to marine litter caused by plastic waste, but researchers and scientists do not agree. In collaboration with an Italian dairy factory, this study carried out a survey to understand what is the eco-friendliest packaging materials according to consumers, taking as a reference the Parmigiano Reggiano. Their opinions were then compared to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) results obtained considering the whole cheese life cycle and its packaging. The analysis highlights a big gap between consumers’ thoughts and scientific data and suggests solutions to make citizens aware of real environmental impacts.
Improving the dynamic behavior of the plate under supersonic air flow by using nonlinear energy sink
Authors: Asadigorji Hassan , Karami Mohammadi Ardeshir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a nonlinear energy sink is used to improve the dynamic behavior of a square plate in supersonic flow. The plate is examined with different boundary conditions. The effect of changing the parameters and installation location of nonlinear energy sink on improving the dynamic behavior of the plate has been studied. The governing equations are first obtained using Von Kármán’s plate theory and piston theory, and then discretized using the Rayleigh–Ritz process. These equations are then solved using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. Time history curves, phase portraits, Poincaré maps, and bifurcation diagrams were used to investigate the dynamic behavior and impact of nonlinear energy sink. The results show that the dynamic behavior of the plate is very complex in some cases, but with proper use of nonlinear energy sinks, this behavior can be improved.