bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of bilateral empyema with bilateral fistulae using free intercostal muscle flap
Authors: Okamura Junko , Kobayashi Naohiro , Yanagihara Takahiro , Kikuchi Shinji , Goto Yukinobu , Sato Yukio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Bilateral empyema is rare and can be life-threatening. Few cases have ever been reported about bilateral empyema with fistula on both sides. We herein report a case of bilateral empyema with bilateral fistulae that was treated with a 2-stage operation.

Case presentation
The patient was a 40 year-old man with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, severe emaciation and remarkably decayed teeth. On his admission, computed tomography showed bilateral pneumothorax and pleural effusion. Thoracentesis revealed a cream-colored purulent pleural effusion from both sides of the pleural cavity. Bilateral empyema with fistulae on both sides due to a ruptured lung abscess was diagnosed. 7 days after his administration, we performed the first surgery. There were 3 fistulae in the right lateral basal segment (S9), right posterior basal segment (S10), and left posterior basal segment (S10). At the first operation, the S9 fistula was directly sutured; however, the right S10 fistula could not be closed because the surrounding tissue was fragile. The left lung fistula was deep and crater-shaped; it was closed with the suturing of a plugged free muscle flap. At the second operation, the right S10 fistula was closed with the superimposition of a pedicled intercostal muscle flap.

Conclusion
Patients with bilateral empyema tend to be with poor general condition and, therefore, less invasive treatments are required initially. Closure of fistulae is an essential process for the treatment of empyema with fistulae. We could manage the fistulae using several techniques with 2-stage operation. Although the efficacy of using a free intercostal muscle flap to close the fistula has not been adequately verified, it is simple and less invasive and, thus, might be a useful option in cases where the patient is too ill to undergo a more invasive operation or when the surgical approach should be done in a short time
First record of pilotfish Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758), Carangidae, in the syrian marine waters (Levantine Basin)
Authors: Ali-Basha Nour , Saad Adib , Hamwi Nader , Tufahha Abdullah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the first record of Naucrates ductor ( Linnaeus 1758) from Syrian waters. One specimen (300 mm TL, 294.29 g TW) was caught by purse-seine nets at about 60 m depth from Lattakia coast, on 25 September 2020. This record represents the first of this cosmopolitan species that entered the Syrian waters (Eastern Mediterranean).
SEC24A facilitates colocalization and Ca2+ flux between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria
Authors: Chidawanyika Tamutenda , Chakrabarti Rajarshi , Beauchemin Kathryn S. , Higgs Henry N. , Supattapone Surachai 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
A genome-wide screen recently identified SEC24A as a novel mediator of thapsigargin-induced cell death in HAP1 cells. Here, we determined the cellular mechanism and specificity of SEC24A-mediated cytotoxicity. Measurement of Ca2+ levels using organelle-specific fluorescent indicator dyes showed that Ca2+ efflux from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and influx into mitochondria were significantly impaired in SEC24A-knockout cells. Furthermore, SEC24A-knockout cells also showed ∼44% less colocalization of mitochondria and peripheral tubular ER. Knockout of SEC24A, but not its paralogs SEC24B, SEC24C or SEC24D, rescued HAP1 cells from cell death induced by three different inhibitors of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPases (SERCA) but not from cell death induced by a topoisomerase inhibitor. Thapsigargin-treated SEC24A-knockout cells showed a ∼2.5-fold increase in autophagic flux and ∼10-fold reduction in apoptosis compared to wild-type cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that SEC24A plays a previously unrecognized role in regulating association and Ca2+ flux between the ER and mitochondria, thereby impacting processes dependent on mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, including autophagy and apoptosis.
Imaging host–pathogen interactions using epithelial and bacterial cell infection models
Authors: Park Amber J. , Wright Madison A. , Roach Elyse J. , Khursigara Cezar M. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The age-old saying, seeing is believing, could not be truer when we think about the value of imaging interactions between epithelial cells and bacterial pathogens. Imaging and culturing techniques have vastly improved over the years, and the breadth and depth of these methods is ever increasing. These technical advances have benefited researchers greatly; however, due to the large number of potential model systems and microscopy techniques to choose from, it can be overwhelming to select the most appropriate tools for your research question. This Review discusses a variety of available epithelial culturing methods and quality control experiments that can be performed, and outlines various options commonly used to fluorescently label bacterial and mammalian cell components. Both light- and electron-microscopy techniques are reviewed, with descriptions of both technical aspects and common applications. Several examples of imaging bacterial pathogens and their interactions with epithelial cells are discussed to provide researchers with an idea of the types of biological questions that can be successfully answered by using microscopy.
Training, Injury, and Lifestyle Characteristics of Recreational Triathletes
Authors: Kienstra Carolyn M. , Cade William H. , Best Thomas M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Triathlon is a popular sport among recreational and competitive athletes. As triathletes compete in races ranging from 16 to 140.6 miles and train in three disciplines simultaneously, it is difficult to identify injury risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics of a group of recreational triathletes regarding their medical history, training regimen, and injuries. Thirty-four triathletes completed this survey. We found a wide range of body types, training habits, and lifestyle characteristics. As in previous studies, we found a high rate of injuries in our surveyed triathletes. Injury rates were higher in athletes who had completed a longer race and those who reported higher training times per week. Additionally, many individuals have medical problems, use a variety of supplements, and follow specific dietary restrictions, which need to be considered in addition to training when assessing injury risk and recovery from injury.
Psychosocial Impacts of Sports-related Injuries in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Haraldsdottir Kristin , Watson Andrew M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Adolescence represents a time of tremendous physical, social, and emotional growth, and sport participation can provide significant mental health benefits for young athletes. Injuries are unfortunately common in sports and represent a threat to the short- and long-term health of athletes. While injury management has typically revolved around the minimization of pain and the restoration of physical function, emerging evidence suggests that the psychological consequences of injury may be significant, potentially jeopardizing return to play, increasing subsequent reinjury risk, and even leading to the development of mental health disorders. The majority of this research has been conducted in adult athletes and less is known about outcomes in youth athletes following injury. This review examines what is known about the psychosocial impact of sports injuries in youth athletes to identify areas of future research and to aid clinicians in the management of this population.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound, the New Musculoskeletal Physical Examination
Authors: Jackson Sarah S. , Le Hung M. , Kerkhof Deanna L. , Corrado Gianmichel D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The availability of handheld ultrasound offers physicians an opportunity to better define anatomy and pathophysiology, thus enhancing the diagnostic capabilities of a standard physical examination. The medical community increasingly embraces the potential for point-of-care ultrasound across medical specialties. The primary aim of this review was to identify and compile information on the current clinical utility of point-of-care ultrasound for musculoskeletal examination. This information will enable health care providers to understand the current utility and potential of musculoskeletal point-of-care ultrasound, thus facilitating its appropriate adoption into clinical practice.
Recommended Musculoskeletal and Sports Medicine Curriculum for Internal Medicine Residency Training
Authors: Liddle David G. , Changstrom Bradley , Senter Carlin , Meirick Paul , Stern Nicole , Putukian Margot , Shah Selina , Powell Amy , Dixit Sameer , Eerkes Kevin , Moran Byron , Barnes Kenneth P. , Dal Molin Claudia , Myers Rebecca , Waterbrook Anna L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Patients present to primary care physicians with musculoskeletal complaints more often than they do for upper respiratory infections, hypertension, or diabetes. Despite this, instruction in musculoskeletal medicine for internal medicine residents represents less than 1% of their total didactic and clinical education time. We recognize the immense breadth of knowledge and skill required to train residents in the practice of internal medicine. This curriculum guideline defines a recommended training strategy, and supplies relevant resources, to improve musculoskeletal education among internal medicine residents to optimize patient care. This curriculum guideline was created by internists who are sports medicine specialists. Sports medicine physicians promote overall health and well-being while providing expertise in acute and chronic musculoskeletal conditions, as well as how disease affects exercise and using exercise as medicine for people with chronic disease.
Variations in Head Impact Rates in Male and Female High School Soccer
Authors: HUBER COLIN M. , PATTON DECLAN A. , JAIN DIVYA , MASTER CHRISTINA L. , MARGULIES SUSAN S. , MCDONALD CATHERINE C. , ARBOGAST KRISTY B. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Repetitive head impacts in soccer have been linked to short-term neurophysiological deficits, and female soccer players have higher concussion rates than males. These findings have inspired investigation into gender differences in head impact exposure and how head impact rate contributes to the cumulative effect of head impact exposure on neurological outcomes. Various periods of exposure have been used to calculate head impact rates, including head impacts per season, game, and player-hour.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to apply different methodological approaches to quantify and compare head impact rates by gender for two seasons of high school varsity soccer.

Methods
Video review was used to confirm all events recorded by a headband-mounted impact sensor and calculate playing time for all players. Impact rates were calculated per athlete exposure (presence and participation) and per player-hour (scheduled game time, individual play time, and absolute time).

Results
Impact rates per athlete exposure ranged from 2.5 to 3.2 for males and from 1.4 to 1.6 for females, and impact rates per player-hour ranged from 2.7 to 3.8 for males and from 1.0 to 1.6 for females. The exposure calculation method significantly affected head impact rates; however, regardless of approach, the head impact rate for males was higher, up to threefold, than for females. Individual head impact exposure varied substantially within a team with one in five players experiencing no impacts.

Conclusions
Overall, the gender differences found in this study indicate that males experience higher head impact exposure compared with females. Future studies are needed to understand potential clinical implications of variability in head impact exposure and reconcile higher female concussion rates with the reduced head impact rates presented herein.
Effects of Judo on Neurocognitive Indices of Response Inhibition in Preadolescent Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: LUDYGA SEBASTIAN , TRÄNKNER SEBASTIAN , GERBER MARKUS , PÜHSE UWE 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although exercise is suggested to benefit inhibitory control in children and adolescents, the current evidence is limited to exercise-induced improvements for its interference control subtype. In contrast, the potential of exercise to facilitate response inhibition still remains unclear. However, the neurocognitive profile of martial arts athletes suggests that this sports category promises benefits for cognitive control processes related to response inhibition. The present randomized controlled trial therefore examined the effects of judo on behavioral and neurocognitive indices of response inhibition (N2, P3a, P3b) in preadolescent children.

Methods
Participants (N = 44) were randomly allocated to a martial arts group, who completed 120-min judo per week over 3 months, and a wait-list control group. At baseline and follow-up, participants completed the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 and a physical work capacity test on a bicycle ergometer at 170 bpm (PWC170). In addition, a computerized Go/NoGo task with simultaneous electroencephalographic recordings was administered.

Results
In the martial arts group, a greater decrease in NoGo error rate and a higher increase in NoGo N2 amplitude were found in comparison to the control group. These behavioral and neurocognitive changes were correlated. In contrast to N2, the P3a/b amplitude, Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2, and physical work capacity test at 170 bpm did not change differently between groups over the intervention period.

Conclusions
The present findings indicate that judo promises benefits for response inhibition that are independent of alterations in motor skills and cardiorespiratory fitness. A change toward more effective conflict monitoring seems to underlie this improvement in cognitive performance.
The association of symptoms of overactive bladder with pelvic organ prolapse and its improvement after pelvic reconstructive surgery
Authors: Abrar Saida , Rizvi Raheela Mohsin , Zahid Nida 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: This study asseses the association of overactive bladder symptoms and pelvic organ prolapse severity and evaluates the effect of pelvic reconstructive surgery on overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). It also looks into any pre and post-operative factors responsible for persistent postoperative OAB symptoms.
Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2018. In this study women presenting with POP and concommitent OAB who underwent surgery for site specific defects, measured using Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) staging system. OAB was defined as presence of urinary frequency, urinary urgency incontinence (UUI) and an affirmative response to item #15 and/or item #16 of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI), which was used both pre and postoperatively. Primary outcome of the study was to find complete resolution or improvement of urinary frequency and UUI on the PFDI, 24 months after surgery. The secondary outcome was to see persistent OAB postoperatively and the factors associated with it.
Results: Overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms improved significantly regardless of the severity of prolapse at 24 months postoperative period. Body mass index (BMI) and postoperative constipation were the only statistically significant variables associated with persistent OAB symptoms postoperatively.
Conclusions: Surgical correction of POP results in significant improvement in symptoms of OAB, in all stages of POP and co-existing OAB. However women with high BMI and post-operative constipation may be prone to persistent frequency and/or UUI.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3312
How to cite this:Abrar S, Rizvi RM, Zahid N. The association of symptoms of overactive bladder with pelvic organ prolapse and its improvement after pelvic reconstructive surgery. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):897-902. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3312
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Gynecological malignancies at tertiary care hospital, Pakistan: A five-year review
Authors: Wasim Tayyiba , Mushtaq Javeria , Wasim Ahmad Zunair , Raana Gul e 
Published: February 2021

Background & Objective: Gynecological malignancies are important cause of female morbidity and mortality. They pose significant burden on health resources in low middle-income countries. Data on presentation and risk factors can help in early identification and reduce this burden. Our objective was to evaluate frequency, stage of presentation and risk factors of gynecological malignancies in a tertiary care setting.
Methods: It was cross sectional study done in Gynecology Department, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Services Hospital, Lahore from January 2015- December 2019. The records of the patients were retrospectively reviewed to include all cases of gynecologic malignancies. Demographic information, frequency, risk factors, symptoms, grade and stage of tumor was collected.
Results: There were 122 patients diagnosed with gynecological malignancy during the study period. Ovarian cancer was seen in 60 (49.18%) patients followed by cervical cancer in 29(23.7%), endometrial cancer 27(22.1%) and vulva 06(4.9%). Mean age for all cancers was 51±12.7 to 55±9.3 except cervical cancer which was seen in 43±8.9 years. Patients with ovarian cancer had significantly more hypertension and diabetes (p<0.05). Heavy menstrual bleeding and postmenopausal bleeding was significantly seen in patients of endometrial and cervical cancer (p<0.05). Abdominal symptoms of pain, mass and distension were seen in patients with ovarian cancer (p<0.05). Majority patients presented in advanced stage. Among ovarian cancer, 52/60(86.6%) were epithelial in origin while 25(86.2%) cervical cancer and all vulva cancers were squamous cell carcinoma.
Conclusion: Ovarian cancer was commonest gynecological malignancy followed by cervical cancer. Late presentation with advanced stage was seen in majority of all cancers.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3596
How to cite this:Wasim T, Mushtaq J, Wasim AZ, Gul-e-Raana. Gynecological malignancies at tertiary care hospital, Pakistan: A five-year review. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):621-627. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3596
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Problems faced by Researchers and pressure on Impact Factor Journal Editors
Authors: Jawaid Shaukat Ali 
Published: February 2021

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.4296
How to cite this:Jawaid SA. Problems faced by Researchers and pressure on Impact Factor Journal Editors. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):616-620. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.4296
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Polarization assisted self-powered GaN-based UV photodetector with high responsivity
Authors: Wang Jiaxing , Chu Chunshuang , Tian Kangkai , Che Jiamang , Shao Hua , Zhang Yonghui , Jiang Ke , Zhang Zi-Hui , Sun Xiaojuan , Li Dabing 
Published: February 2021

In this work, a self-powered GaN-based metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector (MSM PD) with high responsivity has been proposed and fabricated. The proposed MSM PD forms an asymmetric feature by using the polarization effect under one electrode, such that we adopt an AlGaN/GaN heterojunction to produce the electric field, and by doing so, an asymmetric energy band between the two electrodes can be obtained even when the device is unbiased. The asymmetric feature is proven by generating the asymmetric current-voltage characteristics both in the dark and the illumination conditions. Our results show that the asymmetric energy band enables the self-powered PD, and the peak responsivity wavelength is 240 nm with the responsivity of 0.005 A/W. Moreover, a high responsivity of 13.56 A/W at the applied bias of 3 V is also achieved. Thanks to the very strong electric field in the charge transport region, when compared to the symmetric MSM PD, the proposed MSM PD can reach an increased photocurrent of 100 times larger than that for the conventional PD, even if the illumination intensity for the light source becomes increased.
Are All Endoscopy-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries Created Equal? Results of a National Gender-Based Survey
Authors: Pawa Swati , Banerjee Promila , Kothari Shivangi , D'Souza Sharlene L. , Martindale Sarah L. , Gaidos Jill K. J. , Oxentenko Amy S. , Burke Carol A. ,   on behalf of the Women in Gastroenterology Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Endoscopy-related injury (ERI) is common in gastroenterologists (GI). The study aim was to assess the prevalence of self-reported ERI, patterns of injury, and endoscopist knowledge of preventative strategies in a nationally representative sample.

METHODS:
A 38-item electronic survey was sent to 15,868 American College of Gastroenterology physician members. The survey was completed by 1,698 members and was included in analyses. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the likelihood of ERI based on workload parameters and gender.

RESULTS:
ERI was reported by 75% of respondents. ERI was most common in the thumb (63.3%), neck (59%), hand/finger (56.5%), lower back (52.6%), shoulder (47%), and wrist (45%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of ERI between men and women GI. However, women GI were significantly more likely to report upper extremity ERI while men were more likely to report lower-back pain-related ERI. Significant gender differences were noted in the reported mechanisms attributed to ERI. Most respondents did not discuss ergonomic strategies in their current practice (63%). ERI was less likely to be reported in GI who took breaks during endoscopy (P = 0.002).

DISCUSSION:
ERI is highly prevalent in GI physicians. Significant gender differences regarding specific sites affected by ERI and the contributing mechanisms were observed. Results strongly support institution of training in ergonomics for all GI as a strategy to prevent its impact on providers of endoscopy.

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