bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BATL: Bayesian annotations for targeted lipidomics
Authors: Chitpin Justin G , Surendra Anuradha , Nguyen Thao T , Taylor Graeme P , Xu Hongbin , Alecu Irina , Ortega Roberto , Tomlinson Julianna J , Crawley Angela M , McGuinty Michaeline , Schlossmacher Michael G , Saunders-Pullman Rachel , Cuperlovic-Culf Miroslava , Bennett Steffany A L , Perkins Theodore J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Bioinformatic tools capable of annotating, rapidly and reproducibly, large, targeted lipidomic datasets are limited. Specifically, few programs enable high-throughput peak assessment of liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry data acquired in either selected or multiple reaction monitoring modes.

Results
We present here Bayesian Annotations for Targeted Lipidomics, a Gaussian naïve Bayes classifier for targeted lipidomics that annotates peak identities according to eight features related to retention time, intensity, and peak shape. Lipid identification is achieved by modeling distributions of these eight input features across biological conditions and maximizing the joint posterior probabilities of all peak identities at a given transition. When applied to sphingolipid and glycerophosphocholine selected reaction monitoring datasets, we demonstrate over 95% of all peaks are rapidly and correctly identified.

Availability and implementation
BATL software is freely accessible online at https://complimet.ca/batl/ and is compatible with Safari, Firefox, Chrome and Edge.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CoV-Spectrum: analysis of globally shared SARS-CoV-2 data to identify and characterize new variants
Authors: Chen Chaoran , Nadeau Sarah , Yared Michael , Voinov Philippe , Xie Ning , Roemer Cornelius , Stadler Tanja 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Summary
The CoV-Spectrum website supports the identification of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and the tracking of known variants. Its flexible amino acid and nucleotide mutation search allows querying of variants before they are designated by a lineage nomenclature system. The platform brings together SARS-CoV-2 data from different sources and applies analyses. Results include the proportion of different variants over time, their demographic and geographic distributions, common mutations, hospitalization and mortality probabilities, estimates for transmission fitness advantage and insights obtained from wastewater samples.

Availability and implementation
CoV-Spectrum is available at https://cov-spectrum.org. The code is released under the GPL-3.0 license at https://github.com/cevo-public/cov-spectrum-website.
Sacubitril/valsartan reduces indications for arrhythmic primary prevention in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: insights from DISCOVER-ARNI, a multicenter Italian register
Authors: Pastore Maria Concetta , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Giannoni Alberto , Benfari Giovanni , Dini Frank Lloyd , Pugliese Nicola Riccardo , Taddei Claudia , Correale Michele , Brunetti Natale Daniele , Carluccio Erberto , Mengoni Anna , Guaricci Andrea Igoren , Piscitelli Laura , Citro Rodolfo , Ciccarelli Michele , Novo Giuseppina , Corrado Egle , Pasquini Annalisa , Loria Valentina , Degiovanni Anna , Patti Giuseppe , Santoro Ciro , Moderato Luca , Malagoli Alessandro , Emdin Michele , Cameli Matteo ,   Collaborators: DISCOVER-ARNI Collaborators, Rosa Gianmarco , Magnesa Michele , Mazzeo Pietro , De Carli Giuseppe , Bellino Michele , Iuliano Giuseppe , Casciano Ofelia , Binno Simone , Canepa Marco , Tondi Stefano , Cicoira Mariantonietta , Mega Simona 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThis sub-study deriving from a multicentre Italian register [Deformation Imaging by Strain in Chronic Heart Failure Over Sacubitril-Valsartan: A Multicenter Echocardiographic Registry (DISCOVER)-ARNI] investigated whether sacubitril/valsartan in addition to optimal medical therapy (OMT) could reduce the rate of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) indications for primary prevention in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) according to European guidelines indications, and its potential predictors.Methods and resultsIn this observational study, consecutive patients with HFrEF eligible for sacubitril/valsartan from 13 Italian centres were included. Lack of follow-up or speckle tracking data represented exclusion criteria. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic data were collected at baseline and after 6 months from sacubitril/valsartan initiation. Of 351 patients, 225 (64%) were ICD carriers and 126 (36%) were not ICD carriers (of whom 13 had no indication) at baseline. After 6 months of sacubitril/valsartan, among 113 non-ICD carriers despite having baseline left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 35% and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class = II–III, 69 (60%) did not show ICD indications; 44 (40%) still fulfilled ICD criteria. Age, atrial fibrillation, mitral regurgitation &gt; moderate, left atrial volume index (LAVi), and LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) significantly varied between the groups. With receiver operating characteristic curves, age ≥ 75 years, LAVi ≥ 42 mL/m2 and LV GLS ≥−8.3% were associated with ICD indications persistence (area under the curve = 0.65, 0.68, 0.68, respectively). With univariate and multivariate analysis, only LV GLS emerged as significant predictor of ICD indications at follow-up in different predictive models.ConclusionsSacubitril/valsartan may provide early improvement of NYHA class and LVEF, reducing the possible number of implanted ICD for primary prevention in HFrEF. Baseline reduced LV GLS was a strong marker of ICD indication despite OMT. Early therapy with sacubitril/valsartan may save infective/haemorrhagic risks and unnecessary costs deriving from ICDs.
Modern Lawfare: Exploring the Relationship between Military First-Person Shooter Video Games and the “War is Hell” Myth
Authors: Renic Neil C , Kaempf Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe changing character of armed conflict, combined with the transformation of the global media landscape, has fundamentally altered the experience of war for Western audiences. Although physically distanced from its cost to a historically unprecedented degree, the virtual proximity of the average citizen to war has never been closer. Military first-person shooter (FPS) gaming is a critical component of this dynamic, functioning as the principle means through which to consume and interact with war for a large and growing segment of the population. This influence is problematic. Although exceptions exist, military FPSs typically both reflect and sustain the “war is hell” myth: a conviction, reinforced through interactive gameplay, that the rules of war cannot, and indeed should not, apply to the battlefield. We argue that a more complete and nuanced integration of the laws of war into this medium would help shift popular understandings of armed conflict, and the legal restraints imposed on it, in a more positive direction and, at the same time, allow game designers to better fulfil their commitment to a “realistic” depiction of the battlefield.
BSAC Vanguard Series: The future of healthcare workers and antimicrobial stewardship—educate, innovate, or pay the price
Authors: Nathwani Dilip 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In delivering global healthcare, and in the context of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) where information and knowledge is rapidly evolving, it is universally accepted that education and training of the healthcare workforce underpins the implementation of AMS and the effective use of existing and new health care technologies, therapies and informatics. Despite this, resourcing healthcare workforce education and training is often seen as a low priority, particularly in the resource-limited settings where the burden of AMR is greatest and healthcare resources are the most stretched. Therefore, it is disappointing to observe that, when funding the multi-dimensional AMR and AMS response, specific funding earmarked to support the development and implementation of both traditional and, increasingly, innovative education (particularly in the form of digital learning) is insufficient or lacking. In this article, I propose several novel strategies for addressing this deficit and to steer us to learn from the significant developments and support for education during the COVID-19 pandemic. If we do not invest in both traditional and innovative forms of education, our ability to create a well-trained healthcare workforce to deliver high-quality care and treatment, with better patient outcomes against AMR, will evaporate—and we will likely pay a far higher price as a consequence.
Assessment of pain associated with bovine respiratory disease and its mitigation with flunixin meglumine in cattle with induced bacterial pneumonia
Authors: Martin Miriam S , Kleinhenz Michael D , White Brad J , Johnson Blaine T , Montgomery Shawnee R , Curtis Andrew K , Weeder Mikaela M , Blasi Dale A , Almes Kelli M , Amachawadi Raghu G , Salih Harith M , Miesner Matt D , Baysinger Angela K , Nickell Jason S , Coetzee Johann F 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPleuritic chest pain from bacterial pneumonia is often reported in human medicine. However, studies investigating pain associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) are lacking. The objectives of this study were to assess if bacterial pneumonia elicits a pain response in calves with experimentally induced BRD and to determine the analgesic effects of transdermally administered flunixin. A total of 26 calves, 6–7 mo of age, with no history of BRD were enrolled into one of three treatment groups: 1) experimentally induced BRD + transdermal flunixin at 3.3 mg/kg twice, 24 h apart (BRD + FTD); 2) experimentally induced BRD + placebo (BRD + PLBO); and 3) sham induction + placebo (CNTL + PLBO). Calves induced with BRD were inoculated with Mannheimia haemolytica via bronchoalveolar lavage. Outcomes were collected from −48 to 192 h post-treatment and included serum cortisol, infrared thermography, mechanical nociceptive threshold, substance P, kinematic gait analysis, visual analog scale (VAS), clinical illness score, computerized lung score, average activity and rumination level, prostaglandin E2 metabolite, plasma serum amyloid A, and rectal temperature. Outcomes were evaluated using either a generalized logistic mixed model for categorical variables or a generalized linear mixed model for continuous variables. Right front force differed by treatment (P = 0.01). The BRD + PLBO had lower mean force applied to the right front limb (85.5 kg) compared with BRD + FTD (96.5 kg; P &lt; 0.01). Average VAS differed by a treatment by time interaction (P = 0.01). The VAS scores differed for BRD + PLBO at −48 (3.49 mm) compared with 168 and 192 h (13.49 and 13.64 mm, respectively) (P &lt; 0.01). Activity for BRD + PLBO was higher at −48 h (27 min/h) compared with 48, 72, 120, and 168 h (≤ 22.24 min/h; P &lt; 0.01). Activity differed by a treatment by time interaction (P = 0.01). Activity for BRD + FTD was higher at −48 and 0 h (28.2 and 28.2 min/h, respectively) compared to 48, 72, 96, and 168 h (≤23.7 min/h; P &lt; 0.01). Results show a combination of reduced activity levels, decreased force on the right front limb, and increased VAS pain scores all support that bacterial pneumonia in cattle is painful. Differences in right front force indicate that flunixin transdermal may attenuate certain pain biomarkers in cattle with BRD. These findings suggest that BRD is painful and analgesic drugs may improve the humane aspects of care for cattle with BRD.
Interspecific Variation in Susceptibility to Insecticides by Lepidopteran Pests of Soybean, Cotton, and Maize Crops From Brazil
Authors: Machado Eduardo P , Garlet Cínthia G , Weschenfelder Marlon A G , Führ Fábio M , Godoy Daniela N , Pretto Venicius E , Contini Rafael E , Franco Cláudio R , Omoto Celso , Bernardi Oderlei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The interspecific variation in susceptibility to insecticides by lepidopteran species of soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)], cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and maize (Zea mays L.) crops from Brazil were evaluated. Populations of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), Spodoptera eridania (Stoll), Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker), and Spodoptera albula (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were collected from 2019 to 2021. Early L3 larvae (F2 generation) were exposed to the formulated insecticides methoxyfenozide, indoxacarb, spinetoram, flubendiamide, and chlorfenapyr in diet-overlay bioassays. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) were used to calculate tolerance ratios (TR) of each species in relation to the most susceptible species to each insecticide. The lowest LC50 values were verified for A. gemmatalis to all insecticides tested. Chrysodeixis includens and most of the Spodoptera species were moderately tolerant to methoxyfenozide (TR &lt; 8.0-fold) and indoxacarb (TR &lt; 39.4-fold), whereas H. armigera was the most tolerant species to methoxyfenozide (TR = 21.5-fold), and indoxacarb (TR = 106.4-fold). Spodoptera cosmioides, S. eridania, and S. albula showed highest tolerance to spinetoram (TR &gt; 1270-fold), S. eridania, S. frugiperda, and S. albula to flubendiamide (TR from 38- to 547-fold), and S. albula to indoxacarb (TR = 138.6-fold). A small variation in susceptibility to chlorfenapyr (TR &lt; 4.4-fold) was found among the lepidopteran evaluated. Our findings indicate a large variation in susceptibility to indoxacarb, spinetoram, and flubendiamide and a relatively low variation in susceptibility to methoxyfenozide and chlorfenapyr by lepidopteran species of soybean, cotton, and maize from Brazil.
Observation of the density dependence of the closed-channel fraction of a 6Li superfluid
Authors: Liu Xiang-Pei , Yao Xing-Can , Chen Hao-Ze , Wang Xiao-Qiong , Wang Yu-Xuan , Chen Yu-Ao , Chen Qijin , Levin Kathryn , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Atomic Fermi gases provide an ideal platform for studying pairing and superfluid physics, using a Feshbach resonance between closed-channel molecular states and open-channel scattering states. Of particular interest is the strongly interacting regime. We show that the closed-channel fraction ${Z_{{\rm{cc}}}}$ provides an effective probe for important many-body interacting effects, especially through its density dependence, which is absent from two-body theoretical predictions. Here we measure ${Z_{{\rm{cc}}}}$ as a function of interaction strength and the Fermi temperature ${T_{\rm{F}}}$ in a trapped 6Li superfluid throughout the entire Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer–Bose-Einstein-condensate crossover, in quantitative agreement with theory when important thermal contributions outside the superfluid core are taken into account. Away from the deep-BEC regime, the fraction ${Z_{\rm cc}}$ is sensitive to ${{{T}}_F}$. In particular, our data show ${Z_{{\rm{cc}}}} \propto T_{\rm{F}}^\alpha $ with $\alpha = {\rm{1/2}}$ at unitarity, in quantitative agreement with calculations of a two-channel pairing fluctuation theory, and $\alpha $ increases rapidly into the BCS regime, reflecting many-body interaction effects as predicted.
What Is Political about Asylum?
Authors: Ferracioli Luara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This chapter defends a new account of who counts as a refugee. It argues that a refugee is not only someone who cannot lead a minimally decent life in her state of citizenship but also someone who lacks the prospect of leading a minimally decent life because her state of citizenship denies her the means for protecting and promoting her interests and makes the kind of political engagement required for bringing about change unduly costly. This new definition is in line with the spirit of the original Refugee Convention. On the one hand, it explains why citizens in liberal democratic states do not count as refugees despite being currently unable to promote and protect all the interests required for a minimally decent life. On the other hand, it explains why citizens of failed persecutory states should count as refugees even before their government has directly targeted them.
Nurturing Sports Talent
Authors: Dhar Pulasta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Pulasta Dhar’s essay offers a case study of sports academies, visualized through interactions with sportspersons, mentors and coaches as a possible alternative to the disappearing community-based clubs. These centres of nurturing talent, with coaches, resources, and competitions, turn popularity into success and then turns success right back into its reach among more aspirants. This happens alongside a critical perspective on state run federations, in this case, of boxing, wrestling, and badminton. While the academies do nurture sport, they also require a lot of investment and support for sustainability.
Who Watches Cricket?
Authors: Subramanian Vidya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Vidya Subramaniam explores the spectacle of sports in all its dimensions. She interrogates the role of media, technology and market in recent times, through the continuing transformation of cricket into its current form as a hugely marketable, visible entertainment entity, or in other words, a spectacle. While the popular opinion is that this new version of cricket on television and the use of technology in so many aspects of the sport is in fact making for a larger knowledgeable spectators, the author argues the opposite. It may well be that the emphasis on the ‘entertainment quotient’ of the sport is attracting audiences that had started moving away from the sport and may not be knowledgeable about the game. More importantly, in keeping with the dominant thread in sports sociology that a sport can whip up a frenzy much like war, new formats of cricket such as the Indian Premier League are structured to showcase nationalism. The main motivation of large sections of those who follow IPL, the author argues, is country above all else and not a passion for the sport.
Constructing Economic Science
Authors: Tribe Keith 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Constructing Economic Science demonstrates how an existing public discourse, political economy, was transformed in the early twentieth century into a new university discipline: economics. This change in location brought about a restructuring of economic knowledge. Finance, student numbers, curricula, teaching, new media, and the demands of employment all played their part in shaping economics as it is known today. It was broadly accepted in the later nineteenth century that industrialising economies required the skilled and specialised workforce that universities could provide. Advocacy for the teaching of commercial subjects was widespread and international. In Cambridge, Alfred Marshall was alone in arguing that economics, not commerce, provided the most suitable training for the administration and business of the future; and in 1903 he founded the first three-year undergraduate economics programme. This was by no means the end of the story, however. What economics was, how Marshall thought it should be taught, had by the 1920s become contested, and in Britain the London School of Economics gained dominance in defining the new science. By the 1930s, American universities had already moved on from undergraduate to graduate teaching, whereas in Britain university education remained focussed upon undergraduate education. At the same time, public policy was reformulated in terms of economic means and ends—relating to postwar reconstruction, employment, and social welfare—and international economics became American economics. This study charts the conditions that initially shaped the “science” of economics, providing in turn a foundation for an understanding of the way in which this new language itself subsequently transformed public policy.
Jerome Robbins on Broadway: 1944–1951
Authors: Gennaro Liza 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Jerome Robbins’ surpassing of de Mille as the primary and most influential choreographer of his period is acknowledged. His training with Gluck Sandor and actors from the Group Theatre exposed him to Constantin Stanislavski’s early acting methods and his creative years at Camp Tamiment honed a brand of humor that he would use throughout his Broadway career. I consider Robbins first musical, On the Town (1944), developed from his ballet Fancy Free (1944), in the context of de Mille’s Broadway success and argue that he was at first imitative of her but ultimately found his voice and surpassed her in terms of success and output. The chapter includes analysis of selected Robbins’ choreography in what I consider the first phase of his Broadway career: On the Town (1944), Billion Dollar Baby (1945), High Button Shoes (1947), Look, Ma, I’m Dancin’! (1948), Miss Liberty (1949), Call Me Madam (1950), and The King and I (1951). I explore how Robbins developed a system for creating dance in musicals that employed the early acting techniques of Constantin Stanislavski as well as Lee Strasberg’s Method Acting. Both techniques embraced theatrical realism and informed Robbins’ creation of dances that were seamlessly embedded into musical theater librettos. His meticulous attention to the where, when, and why of his dance creations and his comic sensibility established a model for the generations of choreographers that followed him.
Taking the Reins
Authors: Gennaro Liza 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The genesis of the present-day director-choreographer, starting with de Mille’s role as director-choreographer on Rodgers and Hammerstein’s ill-fated Allegro (1947), is explored. How she employed dance as a narrative and metaphorical device in support of the allegorical structure of the libretto, and how her artistic vision conflicted with her collaborators is investigated. De Mille’s directorial oeuvre is considered in the context of the male-dominated world of Broadway. Robbins’ ascendance as the most influential director-choreographer of twentieth-century musical theater is examined in a close analysis of his choreography for and direction of Pajama Game (1954 [co-directed with George Abbott, co-choreographer Bob Fosse]), Peter Pan (1954), Bells Are Ringing (1956 [in which he collaborated with Bob Fosse]), Gypsy (1959), and Fiddler on the Roof (1964). West Side Story (1957) will be discussed here as an anomaly in Robbins’ musical theater career. I argue that Robbins’ interest in movement innovation in relation to his choreography for the “Jets” in West Side Story (1957) differs from his previous musical theater works. In addition, I will examine Robbins’ West Side Story collaboration with co-choreographer Peter Gennaro.