bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agreement among international periodontal experts using the 2017 World Workshop classification of periodontitis
Authors: Ravidà Andrea , Travan Suncica , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Greenwell Henry , Papapanou Panos N. , Sanz Mariano , Tonetti Maurizio , Wang Hom‐Lay , Kornman Kenneth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundA new periodontitis classification was recently introduced involving multidimensional staging and grading. The aim of the study was to assess if individuals well‐trained in periodontics consistently used the new classification for patients with severe periodontitis. The secondary goal was to identify “gray zones” related to classifications.MethodsParticipants (raters) individually classified 10 pre‐selected severe periodontitis cases using the 2017 World Workshop classification. An internet case‐based study was conducted after inviting members from American Academy of Periodontology and European Federation of Periodontology. Gold‐standard diagnoses were determined by five experts who developed the new periodontitis classification. Inter‐reliability agreement among raters was assessed using Fleiss Kappa index with the jackknife method for linearly weighted kappa calculations. McNemar test was used to determine symmetry between raters and gold‐standard panel.ResultsA total of 103 raters participated and classified nine clinical cases. Fleiss Kappa values showed moderate inter‐examiner consistency among raters for stage (K value: 0.49; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.79), grade (K value: 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.70) and extent (K value: 0.51; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.77). When analyzed as composite (stage, grade, extent) a moderate inter‐reliability was present among raters, k = 0.479 (K value: 0.47; 95% CI, 0.442 to 0.515). Agreement between raters and gold‐standard panel was staging 76.6%; grading 82%; and extent 84.8%. In six of nine cases 77% to 99% of raters consistently agreed with gold‐standard panel, and the other three cases had gray zone factors that reduced rater consistency.ConclusionsClinicians trained in the 2017 World Workshop periodontitis classification demonstrated moderate concordance in classifying nine severe periodontitis cases, and in six of nine cases raters consistently agreed with the gold‐standard panel.
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of materials found in rock art shelters in Piedra Parada valley, Chubut province, Argentinian Patagonia
Authors: Rousaki Anastasia , Bellelli Cristina , Carballido Calatayud Mariana , Vargas Emmanuel , Hajduk Adam , Palacios Oscar , Vázquez Cristina , Moens Luc , Vandenabeele Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicro‐Raman spectroscopy was employed for the analysis of samples collected from the shelters Campo Cerda 1, Angostura Blanca and Campo Moncada 1 located in Piedra Parada valley, Chubut province, Argentinian Patagonia. Different coloured layers, degradation products and rock supports were analysed. Haematite (α‐Fe2O3), goethite (α‐FeOOH), green earth and gypsum (CaSO4 ·2H2O) were responsible for the main colouration of the pigmented layers together with other components. Gypsum, Ca‐oxalates and calcite were the major degradation materials affecting the rock paintings and the rock support. Different types of silicates, apatite [Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)] and goethite were positively characterized in the rock support. Point analysis and micro‐Raman mappings contributed towards a better understanding of the materials and layer sequencing of the samples extracted.
Ultrasound Screening for Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis Risk Stratification Using Standardized Criteria in Structured Reporting: A Validation Study
Authors: Fananapazir Ghaneh , LaRoy Jennifer R. , Navarro Shannon M. , Corwin Michael T. , Carney Benjamin , Troppmann Christoph 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of templated ultrasound reports using transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) risk stratification (RS), particularly with regard to utilization of downstream angiographic studies and angiographic presence of TRAS.MethodsUltrasounds with TRAS‐RS templated reports from August 2017 to May 2020 were included. Studies were excluded if performed <28 days posttransplant and where TRAS was not clinically considered. A total of 530 ultrasounds met inclusion/exclusion criteria. TRAS‐RS criteria were recorded (renal artery velocity ≥300 cm/s, spectral broadening in the renal artery, and intraparenchymal acceleration time ≥0.1 second). Depending on the number of criteria present, recipients were stratified into low (0/3), intermediate (1/3), high (2/3), and very high (3/3) risk for TRAS. Student's t‐test was performed to identify whether the TRAS‐RS category was associated with 1) performance of angiography to assess for TRAS and 2) angiographic presence of TRAS.ResultsOf the 530 ultrasounds, 74 (14%) underwent angiography. Of these, 41 (55%) were positive for TRAS (overall positive rate, 8%). Number of ultrasounds, angiograms, and angiograms positive for TRAS, respectively, in each of the TRAS‐RS categories for the 530 cases were: low probability: n = 370 (70% of all studied reports), 7 angiograms (2%), and 0 (0%) positive for TRAS; intermediate: n = 87 (16%), 24 angiograms (28%), and 8 (33%) positive; high: n = 46 (9%), 23 angiograms (50%), and 14 (61%) positive; and very high: n = 27 (5%), 20 angiograms (74%), and 19 (95%) positive. TRAS‐RS score was associated with subsequent performance of angiography and positive rate for TRAS (P < .01).ConclusionImplementing a defined ultrasound screening tool with templated reporting for TRAS allowed for effective selection of those requiring an angiogram.
Fully Automated Measurement of Cochlear Duct Length From Clinical Temporal Bone Computed Tomography
Authors: Neves Caio A. , Tran Emma D. , Cooperman Shayna P. , Blevins Nikolas H. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo present and validate a novel fully automated method to measure cochlear dimensions, including cochlear duct length (CDL).Study DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsThe computational method combined 1) a deep learning (DL) algorithm to segment the cochlea and otic capsule and 2) geometric analysis to measure anti‐modiolar distances from the round window to the apex. The algorithm was trained using 165 manually segmented clinical computed tomography (CT). A Testing group of 159 CTs were then measured for cochlear diameter and width (A‐ and B‐values) and CDL using the automated system and compared against manual measurements. The results were also compared with existing approaches and historical data. In addition, pre‐ and post‐implantation scans from 27 cochlear implant recipients were studied to compare predicted versus actual array insertion depth.ResultsMeasurements were successfully obtained in 98.1% of scans. The mean CDL to 900° was 35.52 mm (SD, 2.06; range, [30.91–40.50]), the mean A‐value was 8.88 mm (0.47; [7.67–10.49]), and mean B‐value was 6.38 mm (0.42; [5.16–7.38]). The R2 fit of the automated to manual measurements was 0.87 for A‐value, 0.70 for B‐value, and 0.71 for CDL. For anti‐modiolar arrays, the distance between the imaged and predicted array tip location was 0.57 mm (1.25; [0.13–5.28]).ConclusionOur method provides a fully automated means of cochlear analysis from clinical CTs. The distribution of CDL, dimensions, and cochlear quadrant lengths is similar to those from historical data. This approach requires no radiographic experience and is free from user‐related variation.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:449–458, 2022
Tumor detection with transoral use of flexible endoscopy for unknown primary head and neck cancer
Authors: Ebisumoto Koji , Sakai Akihiro , Maki Daisuke , Robinson Kevin , Murakami Tomoaki , Iijima Hiroaki , Yamauchi Mayu , Saito Kosuke , Watanabe Takane , Okami Kenji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesWith the advent of new optical technologies, early pharyngolaryngeal cancerous lesions can be better visualized. Although the conventional transnasal approach offers great views of the hypopharynx and larynx, the visualization of the oropharynx and palatine tonsils is limited. Through the transoral insertion of a flexible video‐laryngoscope, direct views of the oropharynx and oral cavity can be obtained. Thus, transoral examination may contribute to primary detection of cancers of unknown primary (CUP).MethodsEighty‐five CUP patients from Tokai University were included retrospectively in this study, from 2006 to 2017. Starting in 2010, we employed the transoral examination in addition to our conventional method. The primary detection rates were compared before and after 2010. Oropharyngeal primaries were further analyzed for tumor subsite and p16 status.ResultsThe overall primary detection rate did not improve with the addition of transoral examination. However, greater numbers of oropharyngeal primaries were detected. The oropharyngeal lesions detected by transoral examination were mainly p16 positive, located on the palatine tonsil.ConclusionTransoral examination is a noninvasive, easy method to adopt in an outpatient setting, and a promising technique to improve tumor detection in this era of human papillomavirus‐associated head and neck cancers.Level of Evidence3.
Molecular Mechanism of Rabbit Hair Keratin Hydrogel Fabricated via Cryoablation
Authors: Wang Xiaoqing , Shi Zhiming , Tian Zhan , Tang Henglong , Li Qingchun , Shen Xianyi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractKeratins are highly attractive natural biomaterials for medical applications due to their inherent self‐assembly characteristics and biocompatibility. In this study, the molecular mechanism of rabbit hair keratin (RHK) gelation during cryogelation is investigated and the influence of cryogelation parameters on the gelation of keratin is systematically evaluated. Re‐xidation of free cysteine thiols and formation of hydrogen bond are determined to be the main stabilizing forces in self‐assembly of RHK gel, and ionic bonds are found to affect the uniformity of keratin hydrogels. pH affects the gelation by changing the electrostatic interaction between keratin molecules. Keratin will accumulate when pH is too low, but the stability of keratin hydrogels becomes worse when the pH is too high. With successive freezing–thawing (FT) cycles, the storage modulus of RHK cryogels substantially improved from 240.66 Pa at FT cycle 3 to 2483.3 Pa at FT cycle 9. Maintaining the balance of the interactive force between keratin molecules and between keratin molecules and water molecules is the basis of preparing uniform and stable keratin hydrogels.
A silent gradient axis for soundless spatial encoding to enable fast and quiet brain imaging
Authors: Versteeg Edwin , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Siero Jeroen C. W. 
Published: September 2021

PurposeA novel silent imaging method is proposed that combines a gradient insert oscillating at the inaudible frequency 20 kHz with slew rate‐limited gradient waveforms to form a silent gradient axis that enable quiet and fast imaging.MethodsThe gradient insert consisted of a plug‐and‐play (45 kg) single axis z‐gradient, which operated as an additional fourth gradient axis. This insert was made resonant using capacitors and combined with an audio amplifier to allow for operation at 20 kHz. The gradient field was characterized using field measurements and the physiological effects of operating a gradient field at 20 kHz were explored using peripheral nerve stimulation experiments, tissue heating simulations and sound measurements. The imaging sequence consisted of a modified gradient‐echo sequence which fills k‐space in readout lanes with a width proportional to the oscillating gradient amplitude. The feasibility of the method was demonstrated in‐vivo using 2D and 3D gradient echo (GRE) sequences which were reconstructed using a conjugate‐gradient SENSE reconstruction.ResultsField measurements yielded a maximum gradient amplitude and slew rate of 40.8 mT/m and 5178T/m/s at 20 kHz. Physiological effects such as peripheral nerve stimulation and tissue heating were found not to be limiting at this amplitude and slew rate. For a 3D GRE sequence, a maximum sound level of 85 db(A) was measured during scanning. Imaging experiments using the silent gradient axis produced artifact free images while also featuring a 5.3‐fold shorter scan time than a fully sampled acquisition.ConclusionA silent gradient axis provides a novel pathway to fast and quiet brain imaging.
Characterization of B1+ field variation in brain at 3 T using 385 healthy individuals across the lifespan
Authors: MacLennan Thomas , Seres Peter , Rickard Julia , Stolz Emily , Beaulieu Christian , Wilman Alan H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThe transmit field at 3 T in brain affects the spatial uniformity and contrast of most image acquisitions. Here, spatial variation in brain at 3 T is characterized in a large healthy population.MethodsBloch‐Siegert maps were acquired at 3 T from 385 healthy subjects aged 5–90 years on a single MRI system. After transforming all maps to a standard brain atlas space, region‐of‐interest analysis was performed, and intersubject voxel‐wise coefficient of variation was calculated across the whole brain. The variability due to age and brain size was studied separately in males and females, along with variability due to nonideal transmit calibration.ResultsThe voxel‐based mean coefficient of variation was 4.0% across all subjects, and the difference in between central (left thalamus) and outer regions (left frontal gray matter) was 24.2% ± 2.3%. The least intersubject variability occurred in central regions, whereas regions toward brain edges increased markedly in variation. The variability with age was mostly attributed to lifespan changes in CSF volume (which alters brain conductivity) and head orientation. Larger brain size correlated with more inhomogeneity (p < .001). Varying head position and anatomy resulted in an inaccurate transmit calibration.ConclusionIn standard atlas space, intersubject variability at 3 T was relatively small in a large population aged 5–90 years. The varied with age‐related changes of CSF volume and head orientation, as well as differences in brain size and transmit calibration.
Stabilization of the extended finite element method for stiff embedded interfaces and inclusions
Authors: Erkmen Recep Emre , Dias‐da‐Costa Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the performance of the XFEM for stiff embedded interfaces and inclusions. It is known that the XFEM may lead to ill‐conditioned stiffness matrices and oscillations in the interface traction field, the severity of which depends on the underlying basis functions, as well as on the orientation of the interface. The jumps at the discontinuity are shown to contain quadratic bubble residuals that can introduce oscillatory behavior. Those residuals are worsened by the ill‐conditioning of the system with very stiff interfaces. A variationally consistent method is proposed to overcome the oscillatory behavior and ill‐conditioning, in which the assumed strain method is developed to directly eliminate bubble residuals and deploy Legendre polynomials and explore their orthogonality properties to improve the conditioning of the stiffness matrices. Numerical examples illustrate the efficiency and generality of the proposed approach at both element and structural levels. The new approach is shown to be robust for imposing Dirichlet type boundary conditions at the crack interface, such as crack closure and initially rigid cohesive laws. The effects of numerical oscillations on the prediction of effective properties of composites in XFEM‐based computational homogenization procedures are also discussed.
Nursing interventions of choice for the prevention and treatment of suicidal behaviour: The umbrella review protocol
Authors: Sufrate‐Sorzano Teresa , Juárez‐Vela Raúl , Ramírez‐Torres Carmen Amaia , Rivera‐Sanz Félix , Garrote‐Camara María Elena , Roland Pastells‐Peiró , Gea‐Sánchez Montserrat , Del Pozo‐Herce Pablo , Gea‐Caballero Vicente , Angulo‐Nalda Beatriz , Santolalla‐Arnedo Iván 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo determine which interventions, from a nursing perspective, can be considered as the interventions of choice for the prevention and treatment of suicidal behaviour. In this way, the umbrella review attempts to identify nursing interventions from the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) taxonomy with evidence for this purpose.DesignDescriptive study protocol.MethodsThis umbrella review will consist of an extensive, systematic search of published systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of studies examining interventions of choice for the prevention and treatment of suicidal behaviour. A systematic search of papers indexed in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge and the Joanna Briggs Institute databases will be carried out; the results will be evaluated for inclusion by two independent reviewers. In addition, the bibliographic references of the included reviews will be searched. The assessment of the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews and meta‐analyses, and data extraction, will be performed by two independent reviewers. Conflicts between reviewers will be resolved by an independent third reviewer. Research Ethics Committee approval is not required for this umbrella review.ResultsWe will determine which of the interventions identified as being of choice in the review are included in the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC); they may be an effective therapeutic tool for nurses in the prevention and treatment of suicidal behaviour.
Comprehensive analysis of the ErbB receptor family in pediatric nervous system tumors and rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Varlet Pascale , Bouffet Eric , Casanova Michela , Giangaspero Felice , Antonelli Manila , Hargrave Darren , Ladenstein Ruth , Pearson Andy , Hawkins Cynthia , König Fatima Barbara , Rüschoff Josef , Schmauch Christian , Bühnemann Claudia , Garin‐Chesa Pilar , Schweifer Norbert , Uttenreuther‐Fischer Martina , Gibson Neil , Ittrich Carina , Krämer Nicole , Solca Flavio , Stolze Britta , Geoerger Birgit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of knowledge regarding pediatric biomarkers, including the relevance of ErbB pathway aberrations in pediatric tumors. We investigated the occurrence of ErbB receptor aberrations across different pediatric malignancies, to identify patterns of ErbB dysregulation and define biomarkers suitable for patient enrichment in clinical studies.ProcedureTissue samples from 297 patients with nervous system tumors and rhabdomyosarcoma were analyzed for immunohistochemical expression or gene amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Exploratory analyses of HER3/HER4 expression, and mRNA expression of ErbB receptors/ligands (NanoString) were performed. Assay validation followed general procedures, with additional validation to address Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) requirements.ResultsIn most tumor types, samples with high ErbB receptor expression were found with heterogeneous distribution. We considered increased/aberrant ErbB pathway activation when greater than or equal to two EGFR/HER2 markers were simultaneously upregulated. ErbB pathway dysregulation was identified in ∼20%–30% of samples for most tumor types (medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors 31.1%, high‐grade glioma 27.1%, neuroblastoma 22.7%, rhabdomyosarcoma 23.1%, ependymoma 18.8%), 4.2% of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, and no recurrent or refractory low‐grade astrocytomas. In medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors and neuroblastoma, this was attributed mainly to high EGFR polysomy/HER2 amplification, whereas EGFR gene amplification was observed in some high‐grade glioma samples. EGFR/HER2 overexpression was most prevalent in ependymoma.ConclusionsOverexpression and/or amplification of EGFR/HER2 were identified as potential enrichment biomarkers for clinical trials of ErbB‐targeted drugs.
Synergistic effect of intumescent flame retardant and zinc borate on linear low‐density polyethylene
Authors: Mu Jing jing , Zhou Ru , Liu Chang , Su Teng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA series of novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR) based on melamine, neopentyl glycol, and aluminum diethylphosphinate were prepared and tested. In addition, the synergistic effect of the novel IFR and zinc borate (ZB) on the flame retardancy of LLDPE composites was investigated. The structures of novel IFR and ZB were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased from 19.3% for the pure LLDPE to 27% for the 25 wt% IFR/5 wt% ZB composites and the composites achieved the desired V‐0 rating in the UL‐94 test. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the addition of IFR/ZB reduced the pyrolysis rate of the LLDPE composites at high temperatures and increased the amount of the char residues, and the char residue of LLDPE‐5 reached 12.1 wt% at 700°C. Cone calorimetry (CCT) data showed that the peak of total heat release, heat release rate, and fire growth index were comparatively reduced, indicating that the addition of IFR/ZB decreased the fire hazard of LLDPE composites. The formation of a compact and thermally stable char layer on the surfaces of LLDPE composites was revealed from the scanning electrone microscopy images and digital photographs of the char residue after the CCT tests.
One‐step synthesis of polymer dispersions with large narrow‐size‐distribution particles via heterophase polymerization in the presence of surface‐active water‐insoluble organosilicon macromers
Authors: Gostenin Valeriy B , Zubov Vitaliy P , Gritskova Inessa A , Shikhovtseva Irina S 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolymerizable water‐insoluble surface‐active macromers (SAMs), namely α,ω‐divinylpolydimethylsiloxane (DVPDMS), α,ω‐dipropylmethacrylatepolydimethylsiloxane (DPMPDMS) and α,ω‐pair(vinylbenzyl)polydimethylsiloxane (PVBPDMS), were synthesized and characterized using NMR. The colloidal‐chemical properties of the synthesized compounds were studied in comparison with non‐polymerizable polydimethylsiloxane. Using DVPDMS, DPMPDMS and PVBPDMS as copolymerizable emulsifiers, polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) suspensions with large particles, narrow particle size distribution and with the absence of the residual surfactant in the waste water were obtained. It is shown that in the presence of DPMPDMS it is possible to obtain polymer suspensions with an average particle diameter of 1.6 μm. The proposed mechanism of the effects of the SAMs on the polymerization is based on the copolymerization with the main monomers in the monomer–polymer particle interphases which results in stabilization of the particle protective layers from early stages of the reaction. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Examining teachers' intentions to intervene: Formative research for school‐based cyberbullying interventions in India
Authors: Sardessai‐Nadkarni Arti A. , Mclaughlin Bryan , Sarge Melanie A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite the growing prevalence of cyberbullying in India, there is a lack of empirical research available to guide school‐based interventions. Employing a survey of 402 teachers in Indian schools, the present study utilized the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a framework to examine the factors influential in encouraging teachers to intervene in school cyberbullying situations. The results reveal that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control collectively explain 40.9% of the variance in intentions. Perceived responsibility accounts for additional variance explained. Conclusions inform the design of school‐based interventions that aim to motivate teachers and provide them the resources necessary to mitigate the impact of cyberbullying in Indian schools.