bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overwintering and migration behaviour of post‐spawned Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in a large hydropower‐regulated river and reservoir
Authors: Babin Amanda B. , Ndong Mouhamed , Haralampides Katy , Peake Stephan , Jones Ross , Curry R. Allen , Linnansaari Tommi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTracking 47 post‐spawned adult Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in a hydropower‐regulated river through autumn, winter and spring revealed that winter survival was 56% and 75% in two study years, respectively, with higher mortality of males than females (50% vs. 33% and 100% vs. 13%, respectively). Some kelts (n = 7) displayed nondirected movements that were interpreted as a reconditioning period for an average of 9–17 days prior to directed downstream movements indicating the initiation of migration. Survival after the initiation of migration in spring was 83% and 94% to the hydropower dam in the first and second study years, and decreased to 60 and 63%, respectively, after dam passage. There were no further losses in the downriver reach in the second year, with the first year having a cumulative survival estimate of 53% to the river mouth. Kelts approached the dam when the spillway gates were available as a passage option most of the time (64%–75%), but some kelts arrived at the dam or had not yet passed when spillways were closed (n = 6) and the only remaining passage option was restricted to the turbines. However, all but one kelt that must have passed via turbine were successful in reaching the river mouth. Migratory delay presumably due to searching behaviour caused by low water flow was estimated at approximately 6 days as migration rates were significantly slower in the reservoir (median ± s.e. 8.5 ± 2.5 km day−1) than up‐ (29.7 ± 5.0 km day−1) or downriver (22.1 ± 3.1 km day−1). The proportion of time (median 30%) that kelts spent swimming upstream (searching behaviour) in the reservoir was a significant variable for migration success.
Complications of colonoscopy in Japan: An analysis using large‐scale health insurance claims data
Authors: Yoshida Naohisa , Mano Yasunari , Matsuda Takahisa , Sano Yasushi , Inoue Ken , Hirose Ryohei , Dohi Osamu , Itoh Yoshito , Goto Akari , Sobue Tomotaka , Takeuchi Yoji , Nakayama Tomio , Muto Michihiro , Ishikawa Hideki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and AimIn Japan, screening colonoscopy for colorectal cancer is expected to reduce colorectal cancer mortality, although its complication rate has not been sufficiently examined. The aim of this study is to analyze severe complications due to colonoscopy.MethodsAs a study population, we retrospectively used commercially anonymized health insurance claims data covering 5.71 million patients from January 2005 to August 2018. We extracted patients who received colonoscopy with lesions resection or without treatment. Main outcomes were rates of hemorrhage, perforation, fatal events, and their risk factors.ResultsAmong 341 852 colonoscopy without treatment in 260 128 patients (mean age: 49.6 ± 11.7 years), the rates of hemorrhage, perforation, and fatal events were 0.0059% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0031–0.0085), 0.0032% (95% CI 0.0011–0.0052), and 0.00029% (95% CI 0–0.0012), respectively. Regarding hemorrhage, compared with the rate for patients <50 years old (0.0050%), the rates for those 50–59, 60–69, and ≥70 years old were 0.0095% (P = 0.17), 0.0031% (P = 0.17), and 0%, respectively. Regarding perforation, compared with patients <50 years old (0.0056%), the rates for those 50–59, 60–69, and ≥70 years old were 0%, 0.0015% (P = 0.99), and 0.0102% (P = 0.99), respectively. A multivariate analysis for risk factors showed no significant findings for hemorrhage and perforation without treatment. Among 123 087 colonoscopy with lesions resection in 102 058 patients (mean age: 53.7 ± 9.3 years), the rates of hemorrhage, perforation, and fatal events were 0.136% (95% CI 0.1157–0.1572), 0.033% (95% CI 0.0228–0.0437), and 0.00081% (95% CI 0–0.0035), respectively.ConclusionsThe analysis using health insurance claims data demonstrated the safety of colonoscopy.
An academic–practice partnership during COVID‐19 pandemic: Transitioning from a clinical to virtual fellowship
Authors: Gillett Claire , Mason Susan , Fleming Louise , Mayer Deborah K. , Bryant Ashley Leak 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsDiscuss the needed modifications that occurred to the academic–practice oncology partnership during the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundTo meet the workforce needs of nurses who care for adults with cancer, an academic–practice partnership was created in 2016. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Nursing, North Carolina Cancer Hospital and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center collaborated to provide structured clinical and didactic practice experiences for undergraduate nursing students interested in oncology nursing. With COVID‐19, nursing students were not permitted to be in the clinical setting.DesignDiscursive paper.MethodAn innovative and collaborative partnership created reflective and interactive activities. The majority of the learning activities were created at the revised Bloom's taxonomy level of application or higher, with some encompassing multiple levels. Students engaged in a variety of meaningful experiences requiring multiple learning processes that promoted professional development in the interpersonal and critical thinking domains.ConclusionsDespite the challenges of COVID‐19, the delivery of oncology nurse fellowship was successful because of innovative virtual strategies.Relevance to Clinical PracticeOur academic–practice partnership allowed the nursing students to develop their interpersonal and critical thinking skills without entering the clinical site. This is an approach encouraged by the authors for other schools of nursing.This manuscript is submitted as a Special Issue Discursive Article, and thus, the authors declare that an EQUATOR Checklist has not been used.
Under Western Eyes? Elements for a Transnational and International History of Sociology in Asia (1960s–1980s)
Authors: Dufoix Stéphane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVery few articles or chapters account for the history of sociology in Asia as a whole or for its inception from the late 19th century, especially in Japan, China and India. The following article, partly based on archival evidence, takes into consideration two important elements that bind together the various developments of sociology in Asia after World War II, namely calls for a better relevance of concepts and theories in order to fight academic colonialism, and strivings in the 1970s for the organization of an Asian sociological or social science organization. It will end with a short reflection and interrogation on the role of Asia in the world social science archipelago.
The development and validation of an electronic job crafting intervention: Testing the links with job crafting and person‐job fit
Authors: Verelst Lorenz , De Cooman Rein , Verbruggen Marijke , van Laar Colette , Meeussen Loes 
Published: April 2021

Using two intervention studies, this article examines the effectiveness of a newly developed electronic job crafting intervention (i.e., e‐intervention) that aims to stimulate task, relational, and cognitive crafting and offers a time‐efficient and cost‐effective alternative to traditional face‐to‐face job crafting interventions. In Study 1, we quantitatively and qualitatively investigate the effects of the job crafting e‐intervention on general levels of job crafting, while in study 2, we further test its direct relationship with task, relational, and cognitive crafting, and its indirect relationship with perceived person–job fit. In Study 1 (N = 59), multilevel analyses showed that the e‐intervention indeed increased general levels of job crafting immediately after the 3 weeks lasting e‐intervention. Moreover, by qualitatively investigating adherence to the intervention in the intervention group (n = 25), we found that mainly goal setting is important in stimulating job crafting. In Study 2 (N = 106), we further validated the effect on job crafting by confirming relationships with task crafting two weeks after the e‐intervention and found an indirect relationship with needs–supplies fit via task crafting. We conclude that the e‐intervention is a promising and accessible alternative to face‐to‐face job crafting interventions, especially for the specific form of task crafting.Practitioner pointsWe developed an electronic job crafting intervention that makes use of online technology to create a more accessible, cheaper, and less time‐consuming alternative compared with traditional face‐to‐face job crafting interventions.We found this electronic job crafting intervention to be able to foster job crafting among employees. In particular, after completing the electronic intervention, employees were found to make more changes in their job to optimize their functioning compared with before the intervention, and compared with a control group not completing the intervention.Employees who completed the e‐intervention were especially engaged in task crafting (i.e., making changes in one’s task roles), which was also related to perceived levels of needs–supplies fit.
Epidemiology, aetiology and outcome of paediatric ocular trauma in Sydney
Authors: Liu Ying , Hoskin Annette K , Watson Stephanie L 
Published: April 2021

AimReport epidemiology, aetiology and outcomes of eye injuries in children 0–16 years treated at quaternary referral and paediatric hospitals in Sydney, Australia.MethodsA retrospective review of cases January 2009 to December 2015 using hospital diagnostic and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes. Medical records confirmed open globe injury (OGI) or closed globe injury (CGI) diagnosis and demographic, injury mechanism, ocular and best‐corrected visual acuities (BCVA) before and after treatment.ResultsA total of 295 patients, 298 eyes were included (96 OGIs, 202 CGIs.) Injuries were commonest in males (72%) with OGI peaks in 3–5‐, and CGI, 12–14‐year‐old males. A projectile was the commonest mechanism (106, 36%) then being struck (101, 34%). Commonest agents were sporting equipment (13%), toys (10%) and sticks (10%). Another child was involved in 32.9% OGI and 27.6% CGI. Initial BCVA was a good predictor of final BCVA. Poor prognostic factors included lens injury, vitreous haemorrhage and relative afferent pupillary defect. Final BCVA 6/12 or better was achieved in 69% cases, including 40% of OGIs and 85% of CGIs. Enucleation and evisceration rates were both 1% (n = 3).ConclusionPaediatric ocular trauma most commonly occurred in males from projectiles or being struck, with injuries commonly occurring from sporting equipment, toys and sticks. Vision was poorer with open than closed globe injuries.
Association between sleep disorders and osteoarthritis: A case–control study of 351,932 adults in the UK
Authors: Jacob Louis , Smith Lee , Konrad Marcel , Kostev Karel 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThis study aimed to analyse the association between sleep disorders and osteoarthritis in adults in the UK. This case–control study included patients aged ≥ 18 years who were diagnosed with osteoarthritis for the first time in one of 256 general practices in the UK between 1997 and 2016 (index date). Patients without osteoarthritis were matched (1:1) to those with osteoarthritis by sex, age, index year, general practice, observation time prior to index date (in years), obesity, injuries, and other types of arthritis. For patients without osteoarthritis, the index date was a randomly selected visit date between 1997 and 2016. The presence of sleep disorders prior to index date was assessed in the two groups. Finally, conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between sleep disorders and osteoarthritis. This case–control study included 351,932 adults (61.5% women; mean [SD] age 64.9 [14.2] years). Overall, there was a significant association between sleep disorders and osteoarthritis (odds ratio = 1.25, 95% confidence interval = 1.22–1.29). This finding was corroborated in all sex and age subgroups, except in patients aged > 80 years. In terms of the type of sleep disorder, non‐organic sleep disorders, hypersomnia and sleep apnea were associated to a significant extent with higher odds of developing osteoarthritis. Finally, the relationship between sleep disorders and osteoarthritis was significant in all osteoarthritis subgroups, except in that of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Based on these results, it can be concluded that sleep disorders may play a role in the development of osteoarthritis.
Obstructive sleep apnea in airline pilots during daytime sleep following overnight flights
Authors: Han Su‐Hyun , Lee Gun‐Young , Hyun Wooseok , Kim Yongsung , Jang Joung Soon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo identify the vulnerability of recovery sleep, this study investigated the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea during daytime sleep following overnight flights in healthy airline pilots. We conducted daytime polysomnography following a long‐haul night‐time flight in 103 pilots. The following variables were assessed: apnea–hypopnea index, respiratory disturbance index and oxygen desaturation index. Moderate‐to‐severe obstructive sleep apnea was defined as an apnea–hypopnea index ≥15. Seventy‐three pilots (70.9%) with no known history of obstructive sleep apnea presented with moderate‐to‐severe obstructive sleep apnea. Pilots showed high mean apnea–hypopnea, respiratory disturbance and oxygen desaturation indices. The body mass index, Berlin questionnaire score and cumulative flight time contributed to these indices, with both body mass index and cumulative flight time remaining significant at an apnea–hypopnea index ≥15. We found that pilots are vulnerable to obstructive sleep apnea during daytime sleep after night‐time flights, which may deteriorate their health, increase fatigue and impair overall flight safety. Further research is needed to ensure flight safety, as daytime recovery sleep is unavoidable for night‐time flight pilots. The pilots' normal and recovery sleep patterns should both be studied to develop an effective sleep management protocol.
Rhinofacial conidiobolomycosis: Clinical and microbiological characterisation and shift in the management of a rare disease
Authors: Varghese Lalee , Kurien Regi , Diana Sahni Rani , Manesh Abi , Mary Cherian Lisa , Peter Dincy , Dayanand Divya , Sarojini Michael Joy , Thomas Meera , Rupa V , Pulimood Susanne , Varghese George M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundConidiobolomycosis is a rare tropical rhinofacial fungal infection which has not been well characterised. The available evidence in its management is sparse due to lack of clinical studies and the limited data on antifungal susceptibility patterns.ObjectiveTo analyse the clinical manifestations, antifungal treatment and outcomes of patients with conidiobolomycosis and to determine antifungal susceptibility profiles of the isolates.Patients/methodsRetrospective analysis of data of all patients with a diagnosis of conidiobolomycosis confirmed by histopathology and culture at a tertiary care hospital from 2012 to 2019 was done.ResultsThere were 22 patients, 21 males and one female, with a mean age of 37.1 years. Most common presenting symptom was nasal obstruction, found in 20 (90.90%) patients. Patients who presented within 12 months had a better cure rate (85%) compared to those who presented late (67%). Among the 19 patients who had a follow‐up, good outcome was seen in 15 of the 17 (88.24%) patients who were on itraconazole or potassium iodide containing regimen. Of the six patients who received additional trimethoprim‐sulphamethoxazole (co‐trimoxazole), 67% showed good outcome with two patients showing complete cure and two patients still on treatment with significant improvement. High minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were noted for azoles and amphotericin B, whereas co‐trimoxazole showed lowest MIC ranges.ConclusionItraconazole and potassium iodide are reasonable first‐line options for the treatment of conidiobolomycosis. Good clinical response to KI and comparatively lower MIC of co‐trimoxazole are promising. Further studies are required for developing clinical breakpoints that can predict therapeutic outcomes.
Physician and nurses' perception of paediatric trauma care in Israeli emergency departments
Authors: Madar Raya , Adini Bruria , Greenberg David , Waisman Yehezkel , Eshkoli Tamar , Newman Nitza , Goldberg Avishay 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of paediatric trauma requires specialized infrastructure, medical equipment, medical staff and ancillary support personnel that have been specifically trained for such tasks.Aims and ObjectivesTo examine the perceptions and attitudes of physicians and nurses in general and paediatric emergency departments (PEDs) on training, confidence, and management of paediatric trauma in order to facilitate the establishment of an optimal model for admitting and treating paediatric trauma patients.DesignDrawing on published literature and a previously conducted qualitative study that explored the provision of medical care to paediatric trauma patients, we conducted an attitude survey.MethodsA 26‐item paper‐based questionnaire was distributed by nurse managers to all staff working within general EDs and PEDs of 22 medical centres across Israel.ResultsOf 843 physicians and nurses who completed the survey, 61.1% considered PEDs the most appropriate facility for treating both minor and severe paediatric trauma, 88.5% believed that minor paediatric trauma should be treated in designated paediatric trauma centres, and 53.6% deemed that paediatric emergency medicine specialists are the most suitable primary decision makers in paediatric trauma. PED teams expressed greater professional confidence for treating paediatric trauma and multiple casualty incident patients. Greater professional confidence was positively correlated with paediatric trauma training, greater exposure to paediatric trauma cases, and working in larger medical centres.ConclusionsThe results of the current study suggest that PEDs are perceived to be more appropriate for dealing with paediatric trauma. Also, treatment of severe trauma may be more appropriate in centres that admit large numbers of paediatric trauma cases.Relevance to clinical practiceEmergency medicine teams should undergo training for dealing with paediatric trauma. Such training would develop their skills, increase their confidence, and enhance their emotional abilities to cope with paediatric trauma.
Repeatability of an automated ETDRS contrast threshold measurement
Authors: Pang Yi , Sparschu Lauren , Wang Jingyun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis technical report presents the repeatability of an automated Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) contrast threshold (ETDRS‐CT) test in participants (N = 40) with normal vision as well as in subjects with reduced visual acuity. The automated ETDRS‐CT test showed good test‐retest repeatability between the two administrations in both normal and reduced vision participants. Measurement at the retest yielded 0.05 log higher contrast sensitivity than at the first measurement, which might be due to a learning effect among participants.
Once an entrepreneur, always an entrepreneur? Entrepreneurial identity, job characteristics, and voluntary turnover of former entrepreneurs in paid employment
Authors: Feng Jie , Allen David G. , Seibert Scott E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe focus on former entrepreneurs’ employment in established firms. Understanding the retention of former entrepreneurs—those who were previously founders of business ventures—is important to firms hoping to reap the benefits of their entrepreneurial experience. We compare the duration of their retention to other employees without entrepreneurial experience and propose a theoretical model in which entrepreneurial identity and job characteristics play a central role. The time‐dependent risk of voluntary turnover was estimated using survival analysis. Results from a primary survey collected from multiple firms in 2015–2018 (Study 1) reveal that former entrepreneurs quit sooner than others, and this effect was mediated by entrepreneurial identity. A second study using the NLSY79 and O*Net longitudinal dataset (Study 2) again supports this mediated relationship and further shows that the indirect effect through entrepreneurial identity was moderated such that employees with entrepreneurial identity stayed longer in jobs with favorable characteristics (i.e., high levels of work autonomy and more entrepreneurial opportunities) than other jobs. In Study 2, we were able to observe individuals’ careers over decades to capture the patterns of individual mobility—the back‐and‐forth exploration between businesses owned by self and others. The supplementary analysis provides additional evidence regarding turnover destinations. The findings offer implications for firms endeavoring to retain entrepreneurial talent and individuals pursuing a career that may involve both paid employment and entrepreneurship.
Differential inflammatory responses associated with Leishmania major and L tropica in culture
Authors: Darzi Fatemeh , Davoudian Roshanak , Nateghi Rostami Mahmoud 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) due to Leishmania tropica and zoonotic CL (ZCL) due to L major have different clinical and epidemiological features.ObjectivesTo determine whether pro‐inflammatory cytokines are involved in diverse pathogenicity of Leishmania species causing CL.Patients/MethodsThe capacity of L major/L tropica to modulate expression of IL‐1β, IL‐8 (CXCL8), IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and MCP‐1 (CCL2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) was evaluated by real‐time RT‐PCR technique.ResultsPBMCs from both ZCL and ACL cases expressed significantly higher IFN‐γ (P < .001) and TNF‐α (P < .05) compared with healthy controls (HC). PBMCs from ACL patients expressed significantly higher IL‐1β and IL‐8 compared with ZCL patients and HC when stimulated with live L major or L tropica promastigotes (P < .001). After 4 and 10 hours, L major‐infected MDMs expressed significantly higher IFN‐γ (P < .05), and after 10 hours, L tropica‐infected MDMs expressed significantly higher IL‐1β, IFN‐γ and IL‐8 compared with noninfected cells (P < .05).ConclusionsThis study shows differential parasite‐mediated stimulations of the inflammatory response with L major vs L tropica ex vivo. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines particularly IL‐8 (CXCL8) and IL‐1β might contribute in diverse clinical features of CL such as longer duration of lesion persistence in ACL patients.
Assessing the positional accuracy of perceptual landscape data: A study from Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
Authors: Bressan Giorgia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOnline GIS‐based applications that combine mapping and public participation to collect citizens' voices on their surrounding environment are a way to collect original spatial data that do not already figure in authoritative data sets. However, these applications, relying on non‐expert users, might produce spatial data of insufficient quality for the purpose for which they are collected. This article presents an approach for assessing the positional accuracy of vague landscape features, using the results from a map‐based survey completed by a group of volunteers in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region of Italy. The spatial section of the survey, gathering both georeferenced data and textual information on the mapping activity, allows the assessment of whether there is a correspondence between the mapped features and the intended map locations. The findings reveal a greater accuracy among participants in completing the mapping activity relating to degraded sites than to those of beauty.