bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Book Review
Authors: Cahyo Edi Ashari 
Published: March 2021

In Participation Without Democracy, Garry Rodan argues that as a response to the dynamics and contradiction inherent in the capitalist development, the regime—representing the dominant coalition of interest, the ruling/dominant political elites—‘invent’ ways to contain conflicts with societal entities (i.e., opposition parties, civil societies, labor unions) in a way so that such conflicts do not yield politically harmful impacts.
This argument is based on two propositions. First, the development of capitalism has caused inequality to deepen. Both the ruling political-economy elites and the marginal groups found this inherent inequality and disruption in capitalism created political challenges, which, as a consequence, demand mitigation strategies. Second, the established coalition of interest's tactics handle political dissents towards the regimes move beyond the binary scenarios, not just merely opening political participation or applying coercion means such as crackdown and arrest. Instead, while the elites design the participation and representation institutions as a response to domesticating dissents and conflicts, the marginal groups also respond to those channels beyond being co-opted or merely refuse to join it. Opposition parties, radical NGOs, marginal groups seek to utilize the institutions for their transformative agenda. In short, both the ruling elites and the marginal groups have been engaged in the participating institutions with different goals in mind.
A STUDY ON DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION BETWEEN GLIPIZIDE AND CIMETIDINE IN RABBITS
Authors: GHOLVE RANJEETA , SHEP DHANESHWAR , GADE PRAKASHCHANDRA , RAMAVAT MANISH 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To study the effect of Cimetidine (H2 receptor antagonist) in combination with Glipizide (Sulfonylurea) on the blood sugar level in rabbits.
Methods: Six albino rabbits were taken for the study. Glipizide was administrated to each rabbit as a single drug therapy on day 1 and it was co-administrated with Cimetidine to each rabbit as a combinational drug therapy on day 7. Cimetidine was administrated to each rabbit from day 2 to day 6 as single drug therapy. Blood sugar levels were estimated on day 1 and on day 7 at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h.
Results: The mean blood sugar level readings at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h on day 1 were 90.4, 69.4, 62.9 and 65.7 mg% and on day 7 were 89.4, 74.8, 65.5, 56.4 and 61.2 mg % respectively. When mean blood sugar level on day 1 and day 7 was considered, there was a significant reduction in blood sugar level at 1, 2, 4 and 6 h and there was no significant fall in blood sugar level at 0 hour after co-administration of Glipizide and Cimetidine.
Conclusion: Cimetidine, when co-administered with Glipizide, significantly increases the hypoglycaemic action of Glipizide.
HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND DEPRESSION AMONG PATIENTS OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: MALIK MADEEHA , MUSHTAQ HAFSA , HUSSAIN AZHAR 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The present study was designed to assess HRQoL and depression among patients of liver cirrhosis in Pakistan.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to assess health-related quality of life and depression among liver cirrhosis patients in Pakistan. Two pre-validated questionnaires i.e. SF 36 and HADS were self-administered to a sample of 382 cirrhotic patient’s selected using convenience sampling technique for measuring HRQoL and depression, respectively. After data collection, data was cleaned, coded and analyzed using in SPSS version 21.
Results: The results highlighted that lowest scores for HRQoL were observed in the domain of role physical (40.02,±24.01) followed by role emotional (41.93,±26.99) whereas the highest scores were observed in the domain of physical functioning (51.87,±15.22).
Conclusion: The results of the present study concluded that liver cirrhosis patients in Pakistan had poor HRQoL across all domains along with mild to moderate depression. While all domains were affected, the greatest impact was on role limitation due to physical as well as emotional problems. The most affected group among patients were females and patients having age greater than 60 y. Besides this severity and advanced stage of cirrhosis had a negative effect on all domains of HRQoL. Presence of complications further reduced HRQoL and increased depressive symptoms among liver cirrhosis patients.
EVALUATION OF NON-ADHERENCE TO ANTITUBERCULAR DRUGS AMONG TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: LATA SUMAN , KHAJURIA VIJAY , SAWHNEY VINEETA , KUMARI KAMLESH 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The objective of present study was to examine the non-adherence among tuberculosis patients to antitubercular drugs and the factors associated with non-adherence.
Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted in department of pharmacology Government Medical College, Kathua in collaboration with the district tuberculosis centre, Kathua for a period of four months. TB Patients on treatment for last 8 w were included in the study. The pre validated questionnaire was provided to patients and their responses were analysed. Morisky’s Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4) was used to assess adherence/non-adherence to antitubercular drugs.
Results: Total 72 patients were included in trial and out of which 60(83.33%) were males and12 (16.66%) were females and the maximum were between 40-50y (38%) of age, mostly illiterate (50%) and from lower socioeconomic status (38%). Out of 60 male patients, 48(80%) showed adherence to anti-tuberculosis drugs, while remaining 12(20%) were non-adherent. Whereas 10females (83%) were adherent and 2 (16.66%) were non-adherent. Forgetfulness (42%), followed by illiteracy (21.4%) and longer distance from health institute (14%) were main reasons for non-adherence.
Conclusion: Present study has shown non-adherence is maximum among males, illiterate, low socioeconomic group, longer distance from the health institution.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ASSESSMENT OF PLUCHEA INDICA (L.) LESS EXTRACT AS AN ACTIVE INGREDIENT IN NATURAL LOTION BAR
Authors: TINRAT SIRIKHWAN 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To screen phytochemical compounds and study antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Pluchea indica (L.) Less (PI) leaves extracts for assessment the moisturizing lotion bar formulation containing it’s as a bioactive ingredient.
Methods: PI leaves were extracted in different solvents. Crude extracts were screened phytochemical compounds and evaluated antioxidant and antimicrobial activities before formulating to antibacterial moisturizing lotion bar.
Results: 95% ethanolic extract displayed high antioxidant activities. DPPH radical scavenging capacity with IC50 was 6.80±0.04 mg/ml (61.37±0.41%) and the ferric reducing ability power was 381.20±0.10 mg AAE/100 gDW. Additionally, 95% ethanolic extract served as a broad spectrum bacteriostatic agents against gram-positive and gram-negative species with an inhibition zone of 6.50±0.00-46.67±0.58 mm. It also was simultaneously as a broad spectrum bactericidal agents (MIC and MBC value of 25-200 mg/ml) by broth micro-dilution method. The screened phytochemical constituents (saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids) in PI leaves extract may be responsible for high biological activities. Thus, 95% ethanolic extract was the most appropriate bioactive ingredient for formulated the product development.
Conclusion: The developed moisturizing lotion bar with 0.0041% of 95% ethanolic extract was the most eligible formula that showed good appearance, odor, color, homogeneity, after feel and stability. This extract-containing lotion bar formulation achieved a high level of customer satisfaction by sensory evaluation and development of this specific formulation should be subject to further clinical investigation.
AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON MEDICATION ADHERENCE AND PREVALENCE OF COMPLICATIONS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
Authors: VALAPARLA GEETHA RANI , MADDI PRANEETHA , VAKA KALYAN BABU 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Diabetes is a complex heterogeneous disorder with chronic multiple illness which needs continuous medical management. Along with the medication life style modifications (diet, exercise) and patient self-management education is necessary not only for glyceamic control but also for prevention and delay of acute and long term complications. In this regard an observational study was carried out among 167 type 2 diabetic patients using a self-administered questionnaire in tertiary care hospital, Guntur.
Methods: Patients of both genders in the age of 30-89 with co morbidities were included in the study. Data regarding social habits, medication and adherence, duration of diabetes, co-morbidities, presence of diabetic complications along with the prevalence of complications while practicing regular diet, exercise with medical adherence was collected and evaluated.
Results: Among 167 patients 64.64 % were male and 35.36% were female. 14.4% of the populations are with diabetes from more than 17years. 65.3% of the patients don’t have alcoholic and smoking habit. Only 51.5% of the population was adherent to the medications. Hypertension is major co-morbidity existing among them. 82% of the study population reported macro vascular complication. The periodic prevalence rate(1-5years) of complications in type 2 diabetic patients who are adherent to medications and life style modifications was found to be 11.4% and the periodic prevalence rate of complications in patients who are either non-adherent to medications or life style modifications was 88.6%.
Conclusion: Medical and life style adherence is strongly recommended which also must be promoted by conducting awareness programme and health care camps with continuous supervision by the family members over patients for healthy society.
ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF PORTULACA OLERACEA LINN. AND EUPATORIUM BRIMANICUM DC IN MES INDUCED SEIZURE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: MEDHABATI MAYANGLAMBAM , BABYCHA LAISHRAM , BHATTACHARJEE ABHISHEK , GUNINDRO NGANGOM 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate and compare the anticonvulsant activity of aqueous leave extract of Portulaca oleracea Linn. and Eupatorium brimanicum DC in MES model in albino mice.
Methods: Aqueous Extracts were prepared by the soxhlet extraction method. MES model was chosen to evaluate anticonvulsant activity. 36 albino mice were selected and divided into 6 groups for this model. Group I received 2% gum acacia 1 ml/100 g orally. Group II received phenytoin-20 mg/kg orally. Group III and IV received 200 and 400 mg/kg of Portulaca oleracea Linn. Respectively. Group V and VI received 200 and 400 mg/kg of Eupatorium brimanicum DC respectively.
Results: The extracts didn’t show any toxicity and significantly reduced hind limb tonic extension (HLTE) duration in MES model (50 mA, 0.2 sec) at higher doses.
Conclusion: The results suggest Portulaca oleracea Linn. and Eupatorium brimanicum DC extract possess anticonvulsant activity and justify their use in folk medicine.
LONG TERM CONDITIONS AND MENTAL HEALTH: AN AUDIT OF LOCAL DATA
Authors: MORRISSEY HANA , ARIKAWE OLUTAYO , PAUL PAMELA , SANDHU MANJINDER , SADIQUE ZAIN , BALL PATRICK 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Studies have shown that mental health is affected by poor physical health, with people living in the deprived area are the most affected. Community Pharmacists potentially have a new role in supporting people with mental illness and dementia to manage their medications. The aim of this local audit was to compare the local population to the national and global population, to inform the development and provision of local pharmacy mental health screening services, to support patients diagnosed with long-term conditions.
Methods: This project was designed as an audit of anonymised local data, to inform the development of services offered by community pharmacies to improve adherence to therapy amongst patients diagnosed with long-term conditions in the Black Country, UK. It forms part of a larger study granted ethical approval by the Health Research Authority in 2018. It was carried out against the background of the Covid-19 epidemic. A total of 652 patients pharmacy records were reviewed between March and April 2020. No patient identifiers were included in the reviewed data.
Results: This means that the results of this analysis might not be applicable to the entire local population outside the 31-90 y of age range.
Conclusion: It is was demonstrated during COVID-19 that pharmacists are well-positioned as easily accessible health care facilities to support patients, especially when the other NHS facilities are stretched or closed. Community pharmacies are in a position to offer large-scale screening programs such as self-completed anxiety, depression and cognitive function screening surveys and refer to general practitioners for further investigations. It is also recommended that the New Medicines Service include mental health disorder patients prescribed pharmacological therapy and to allow the pharmacists appropriate access to medical records to facilitate safe, integrated and effective patient care.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PELAKSANAAN BELANJA DAN PELAPORAN KEUANGAN MELALUI PROGRAM ASISTENSI DANA DESA
Authors: Sulaeman Agus Sunarya 
Published: March 2021

Pengelolaan dana desa di Indonesia sudah lima tahun berjalan sebagai bagian dana transfer yang diluncurkan pemerintah pusat. Berbagai masalah muncul di dalam pengelolaannya. Selain terkendala masalah sumber daya manusia pengelola keuangan, terdapat juga masalah penatausahaan belanja dan pelaporan yang dianggap menyulitkan. Dalam rangka meningkatkan kapasitas SDM mengatasi masalah ini penatausahaan dan pelaporan, maka dilakukan pendekatan asistensi. Asistensi ini dilakukan dengan memadukan pendekatan klasikal di kelas, pendampingan di lapangan dan membuat komunitas pengelola keuangan desa. Dengan metode ini nampak bahwa ada peningkatan di dalam penatausahaan pelaksanaan belanja dan pelaporan menjadi lebih baik. Kelengkapan dokumen penatausahaan, kualitas penatausahaan, kelengkapan dan kualitas pelaporan menjadi indikator peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia tersebut, jika aspek-aspek yang diukur itu pun terjadi peningkatan ke arah lebih baik.Kata Kunci: Asistensi Keuangan Desa, dana desa, penatausahaan, pelaporan
PROJECT-BASED MATHEMATICS LEARNING: FRUIT SALAD RECIPES IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Rahayu Poppy Trianti , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra 
Published: March 2021

Mathematics learning is associated with 21st-century skills such as communication, collaboration, critical thinking in problem-solving, creativity, and innovation. To help students obtain these skills, a learning project was developed through Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI) approach by using fruit salad recipes and collaborative learning based on the Lesson Study for Learning Community (LSLC) system. The primary purpose of this study was to develop fruit salad recipes to assist junior high school students in solving problems using mean, social arithmetic, and data presentation. It employed design research type validation studies using photos, fruit salad products, and document reviews as data collection techniques. The research subjects were 27 students of grade 8 from a junior high school in Palembang. This study resulted in a learning trajectory consisting of two activities and post-test questions. In the first activity, the students can analyze and solve problems in planning fruit salad recipes with material averaging, social arithmetic, and data presentation. In the second activity, the students can make fruit salads and write recipes based on skills to make fruit salad products. The results of this study demonstrate that in project-based learning through PMRI with the context of fruit salad recipes and the LSLC system, students can learn collaboratively. The learning helps them solve problems by using average material, social arithmetic, and data presentation in developing fruit salad recipes.
Leader Effects in Competition among Teams: Evidence from a Field Intervention
Authors: Casas-Arce Pablo , Martínez-Jerez F. Asís 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper investigates whether leadership style moderates the effect of leader incentives on the performance of teams. In collaboration with a Latin-American bank, we engineered a field experiment by designing a series of contests among the bank branches with varying prize structures. We find evidence that providing explicit incentives to team leaders has a positive effect on team performance. However, the effect of incentives differs based on the manager's leadership style and team characteristics. Leader incentives are less effective for managers who inspire their team by appealing to higher values than for managers who motivate performance through rewards and penalties.
JEL Classifications: D23; M40; M46; M50; M52; M55.
SISTEM KULTUR SEMIKONTINU DALAM PRODUKSI LIPID DAN PENYISIHAN COD MENGGUNAKAN KONSORSIUM MIKROALGA DARI PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME)
Authors: Elystia Shinta , Novira Tria Bela , Muria Sri Rezeki 
Published: March 2021

Penggunaan energi sebagian besar masih berasal dari sumber energi tidak terbarukan yang jumlahnya semakin berkurang. Produksi biofuel dari kadar lipid dalam biomassa konsorsium mikroalga dapat menjadi salah satu energi alternatif dalam menghasilkan energi terbarukan. Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) mengandung bahan organik yang dapat menjadi sumber nutrisi untuk pertumbuhan konsorsium mikroalga seiring terjadinya penyisihan COD pada air limbah. Produktivitas biomassa dan kadar lipid akan meningkat setelah dilakukan pergantian limbah sebagai penambahan nutrisi pada medium kultur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan konsorsium mikroalga, kadar lipid yang dihasilkan, serta efisiensi penyisihan COD pada POME. Kultivasi dilakukan dengan mengganti setengah volume kultur dengan fresh POME pada periode pergantian limbah setiap 3, 4, dan 6 hari selama 12 hari kultivasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi kultivasi terbaik terdapat pada pergantian limbah setiap 6 hari dengan kerapatan sel mikroalga 1,01 x 107 sel/ml, kadar lipid 19,33%, serta efisiensi penyisihan COD 81,25%. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem semikontinu dengan adanya pergantian limbah dapat meningkatkan kerapatan sel mikroalga karena nutrisi dalam medium kultur terpenuhi, sehingga kadar lipid dan efisiensi penyisihan COD yang dihasilkan akan semakin meningkat.Â Kata Kunci : Â Â Â Konsorsium Mikroalga, Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), PeriodeÂ Pergantian Limbah, Kadar Lipid, COD
Extremism as a factor of destabilization of the legal environment
Authors: Alontseva Dina Viktorovna , Lavrishcheva Olga Anatolyevna 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the article is a comprehensive scientific study of theoretical and practical problems associated with the implementation of the basic principles and directions of countering extremism as a threat to the national security of Russia. The methodological basis of the research was based on general scientific, private, and special methods of cognition.. Methods of formal logic: description, comparison, classification, analysis and synthesis, and others, allowed characterizing the transformations in the field of countering extremism at the present time. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the definition of extremism is a very controversial issue, since there is no consensus among scientists in this respect, which emphasizes the importance and indicates the need to develop an agreed concept of extremism for its recognition at the national and international levels. Based on the theoretical and legal analysis of various interpretations of the term “extremism”, we have formulated this concept in its modern interpretation.
La era de las redes: servicios públicos, grandes empresas y finanzas internacionales en las ciudades mexicanas a principios del siglo XX
Authors: Martínez Delgado Gerardo 
Published: March 2021

En la primera década del siglo XX hubo en México las condiciones para la formación y aplicación de grandes capitales nacionales y extranjeros dedicados a la construcción de infraestructura o prestación de servicios públicos en un conjunto muy amplio de ciudades. Se trató de un momento clave en la historia económica y empresarial, en la historia urbana y también en la historia de la tecnología: fue la era de las redes financieras, las redes de servicios públicos y la expansión empresarial. El texto estudia la concentración empresarial que ocurrió en estos años, poniendo especial atención en la Compañía Bancaria de Fomento y Bienes Raíces y en los intereses del empresario Enrique Schöndube, pero también en las compañías de Weetman Pearson y en The Mexican Light and Power Company, ponderando su importancia frente a otras que tuvieron menores alcances. Se sigue su proceso de creación y las reglas de expansión capitalista en las que se inscribía su acción; para explicar los cambios ocurridos a nivel urbano y económico, se analizan sus mecanismos de operación, su diversificación de intereses, sus conexiones internacionales y su relación con otras empresas. Al final, se miden sus alcances, se esbozan los nuevos escenarios que surgieron para las empresas a raíz del estallido de la revolución mexicana y, sobre todo, se reflexiona sobre el escenario en que quedaron las ciudades mexicanas para cumplir con el proyecto de instalar en ellas redes de servicios. A partir del seguimiento bibliográfico de casos particulares, de documentación oficial y privada, series estadísticas, hemerografía, entre otras fuentes, se abona al conocimiento de historias empresariales importantes y se articulan líneas de interpretación comparativa que permiten ofrecer una versión más acabada sobre el conjunto de ciudades mexicanas y sobre la presencia de redes, ya de servicios, ya de empresas o finanzas, ya de técnicos, tecnologías y agentes.
Tourism and Environmental Security in Mekong Delta (Case Study in Can Tho City)
Authors: Minh Hoa Tran Thi , Khanh Linh Chu 
Published: March 2021

In the master plan on socio-economic development of Vietnam to 2020, with a vision to 2030, the Mekong Delta is identified as a key economic region, a major tourism and service center of the whole country. Several affairs, such as environmental security, the economical use of resources, ecological environment protection, and the social environment, are mentioned and play an important role in the orientation of sustainable socio-economic and tourism development.
Based on the published research results and collected data during the field survey in Can Tho, this discourse will analyze deeply the impacts of tourism on environmental security in Can Tho city. On that basis, the discourse will suggest a number of proposals for other relevant departments in order to develop tourism according to the principles of ensuring environmental security in Can Tho city. Thanks to that, we can draw experience lessons for the whole Mekong Delta.