bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Management and Cultivation Period Alter Soil Enzymatic Activity and Bacterial Diversity in Litchi (Litchi Chinensis Sonn.) Orchards
Authors: Chen Yu-Pei , Tsai Chia-Fang , Hameed Asif , Chang Yu-Jen , Young Chiu-Chung 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAgricultural management and temporal change including climate conditions and soil properties can result in the alteration of soil enzymatic activity and bacterial community, respectively. Therefore, different agricultural practices have been used globally to explore the soil quality. In this study, the temporal variations in soil property, enzymatic activity, and bacterial community at three successive trimester sampling intervals were performed in the soil samples of litchi orchards that were maintained under conventional and sustainable agricultural practices. ResultsAgricultural management found to significantly influence arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase, and urease activities across time as observed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, and the relative abundance of predominant Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were significantly influenced by temporal change but not agricultural management. This suggested that soil enzymatic activity was more susceptible to the interaction of temporal change and agricultural management than that of the bacterial community. Multiple regression analysis identified total nitrogen, EC, and phosphorus as the significant predictors of acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and β-glucosidase for explaining 29.5%－39% of the variation. Moreover, the soil pH and EC were selected for the SOBS, Chao, ACE, and Shannon index to describe 33.8%－79% of the variation, but no significant predictor was observed in the dominant bacterial phyla. Additionally, the temporal change involved in the soil properties had a greater effect on bacterial richness and diversity, and enzymatic activity than that of the dominant phyla of bacteria.ConclusionsA long-term sustainable agriculture in litchi orchards would also decrease soil pH and phosphorus, resulting in low β-glucosidase and urease activity, bacterial richness, and diversity. Nevertheless, application of chemical fertilizer could facilitate the soil acidification and lead to adverse effects on soil quality. The relationship between bacterial structure and biologically-driven ecological processes can be explored by the cross-over analysis of enzymatic activity, soil properties and bacterial composition.
Successful simultaneous transcatheter treatment for secundum atrial septal defect with valvular pulmonary stenosis in children under transthoracic echocardiography guidance
Authors: Lu Xuning , Wen Ping , Liu Yuhang , Zhu Quanwei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcatheter device closure of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) with valvular pulmonary stenosis (PS) under fluoroscopy and/or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance is a mature technology. However, little study has focused on whether the technology can be guided totally by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), even in children.METHODS Thirteen children with ASD combined with PS underwent transcatheter device closure totally guided by TTE at our cardiac center from March 2 016 to August 2 019. Percutaneous transcatheter pulmonary valvuloplasty was performed first and then transcatheter closure of the ASD uneventfully.RESULTS All cases were successfully treated with transcatheter balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty and closure of ASD respectively via femoral vein approach solely under TTE guidance. The mean defect size was 8.1±1.4 mm (range: 5.5-10 mm), the preoperative mean pressure gradient across pulmonary valve was 61.2±5.5 mmHg (range: 51-71 mmHg). The mean device size used was 11.1±1.9 mm (range: 8- 14 mm), the mean procedure time was 55.1±8.0 min (range: 45-71 min). There were no serious cardiovascular related complications. During the follow-up period (10 mon to 47mon), no arrhythmias device, thrombosis, residual fistulas or device frame fractures were detected. PS gradient had significant difference before and after procedure during the follow up (t=28.9, P =0.000).CONCLUSION Simultaneous transcatheter treatment for ASD complicated by PS in children under TTE guidance is an safe and effective therapeutic option.
Effect of Liquid Food Viscosity on the Load Characteristics of Single-Screw Pumps
Authors: Naumov Vladimir 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Hydraulic calculations of flow parts play an important role in the improvement of modern technological lines. Such calculations do not include the characteristics of pumping units. Single-screw pumps (SSP) pump high-viscosity liquids in modern food production. The research objective was to develop a new engineering method for assessing the effect of the viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids on the load characteristics of SSP in food production.
Study objects and methods. The research featured SSP with a hopper and an auger, designed for pumping high-viscosity liquids. The initial data were taken from officially published test results of Atlas W SSP and the study of the rheological properties of confectionery jelly masses. The research involved authentic methods for calculating the load characteristics of SSP based on the effect of the viscosity of pumped liquid. According to the first approximation, the change in the dimensionless load characteristics was similar in different SSP with an increase in the viscosity of the pumped liquid. The dependence of the viscosity on the rotation speed was determined by the Bingham formula.
Results and discussion. The test results of the Atlas W SSP confirmed the need to take into account the minimum rotation speed at which liquid pumping begins in the calculations. The specified frequency was directly proportional to the differential pressure for this series. The study revealed approximate load characteristics of the SSP during jelly pumping. While pumping viscous foods, SSP demonstrated poorer performance and bigger power consumption than during pumping water. The supply decreased and the power increased as the temperature went down and the pectin content in confectionery jelly masses rose.
Conclusion. The dependences of the flow rate and power consumed on the rotation speed published by the manufacturers of SSP were obtained during tests on water. The present research resulted in a new method to assess the load characteristics of the SSP when pumping high-viscosity liquids in food production. The obtained regression dependences need further refinement and experimental verification. The method can be used to design new technological pipelines.
Perspective Yeast Races for Young Sparkling Wines with a Muscat Aroma
Authors: Lutkov Igor , Yermolin Dmitry , Zadorozhnaya Daria , Lutkova Nataliya 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. In order to solve the growing demand for Muscat sparkling wines, some of the Muscat grapes used for the production of liqueur wines should be used as a raw material for sparkling wines. The technology of preparing young sparkling wines has a shorter production cycle. Science-based selection of the yeast race makes it possible to obtain young sparkling wines with a clear and bright Muscat aroma.
Study objects and method. The research featured young sparkling wines from White Muscat grapes, produced using different yeasts races. The research involved both standard and modified methods of enochemical analysis.
Results and discussion. The LALVIN QA-23 and Odesskiy Cherniy-SD-13 yeast races demonstrated a more active fermentation of Muscat white wort. The Sevastopolskaya 23 sample had in a slower fermentation, which promoted a greater accumulation of bound forms of carbon dioxide (16%). It contained the smallest amount of residual sugars (2 g/dm3) and thriable acids (6 g/dm3) and the largest amount of polyphenols (103 mg/dm3) and amine nitrogen (91 mg/dm3). Two samples accumulated a sufficient amount of free terpenes: 1.16 mg/dm3 for LALVIN QA-23 and 1.13 mg/dm3 for Sevastopolskaya 23. The degustation scores were quite high: LALVIN QA-23 received 9.03 points and Odesskiy Cherniy-SD-13 – 9.02 points, while Sevastopolskaya 23 scored 9.00 points. The LALVIN QA-23 sample proved to have the most pronounced varietal aroma, whereas the Odesskiy Cherniy-SD-13 sample possessed a more complex aromatic complex.
Conclusion. The LALVIN QA-23 and Sevastopolskaya 23 yeast races were found suitable for bottle champagnization of young Muscat sparkling wines. They accumulated a sufficient amount of terpene alcohols. The samples had a clear Muscat aroma, harmonious taste, and good typical properties. The new method makes it possible to produce high quality sparkling wines in the harvest year.
Multi-Stage Method of Milk Powder Production: Energy Costs Analysis
Authors: Kharitonov Vladimir , Asafov Vladimir , Kuznetsov Pavel , Gabrielova Valentina 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. One of the promising methods in the production of dairy and other food in concentrated, condensed and dry forms is a consistent combination of dehydration methods. The subject of this research relevant now is approaches to the calculation of such processes. The work objective is to analyze the dehydration staging effect on the energy consumption in this process.
Study objects and methods. Liquid, concentrated and powdered dairy products: whole and skim milk, milk whey, whole milk substitutes, as well as their dehydration parameters at certain stages. The determination of moisture and solids mass fraction in products was carried out with a standard method.
Results and discussion. The feasibility of using a multi-stage dehydration method for the production of various types of powder milk products has been justified. The characteristic boundaries of solids mass fraction at different stages of the process were determined. The material-balance equation made it possible to define the formula for the total specific energy consumption relative to the unit of the final dry product at an arbitrary number of dehydration stages. The paper contains examples of a comparative efficiency assessment of the dehydration process carried out at different stages from the point of view of energy costs of its implementation.
Conclusion. The research featured various issues related to the use of dehydration methods in the production of milk powder products. An equation has been drawn up to estimate the specific energy consumption of the multi-stage dehydration process relative to a unit of the final dry product. The use of a multi-stage process allows to effectively reduce the specific energy consumption, as well as to generate new high quality products.
Who does what and why? Examining intra-household water and sanitation decision-making and autonomy in Asutifi North, Ghana
Authors: Bisung Elijah , Dickin Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
While under-researched in the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector, it is increasingly clear that women's agency is fundamental to addressing inequalities in many contexts. However, focusing on agency alone can overlook the underlying reasons for decision-making behaviour. This article examines two important aspects of decision-making: motivations behind a person's actions, and the extent to which decisions are perceived to be solely or jointly made. We draw on a household survey of 600 respondents to examine decision-making related to three domains: water collection, WASH expenditures, and WASH community planning among dual adult household members in Asutifi North district, Ghana. On average, women were more likely to report no input into decision-making related to sanitation expenditure and community participation. However, women had high decision-making autonomy related to water collection and community participation compared to men. Disagreement on decision-making among partners was substantial and systematic across the three domains. These findings imply that decision-making in WASH are gendered, and better contextual understanding of the underlying gender dynamics is very important for promoting women's empowerment in WASH. These dynamics are particularly important to consider in interventions that rely on household self-supply of water or sanitation facilities.
Assessing national WaSH targets through a water governance lens: a case study of the Sanitation and Water for All partnership commitments
Authors: Schiedek Leonie , Gabrielsson Sara , Jiménez Alejandro , Giné Ricard , Roaf Virginia , Swain Ashok 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Dysfunctional water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) systems are mainly determined by poor water governance, exacerbating inequalities and poverty. Multi-stakeholder partnerships provide an approach to more flexible and adaptive governance to explore these problems. In this article, national commitments made to improve WaSH, made through the Sanitation and Water for All (SWA) partnership's Mutual Accountability Mechanism, are examined through qualitative content analysis and guided by the SMART framework to assess the current target-setting. The analysis reveals that there are differences in the participation of the different constituencies regarding the number of stakeholders participating and their performance for measurable and time-bound commitments. This applies especially to research and learning and the private sector. Countries have prioritized commitments related to policy and strategy, efficiency and enabling conditions; further research should understand the linkages of the SWA commitments with other priority-setting processes at the national level. In sum, the commitments leave room for improvement to specify approaches to water governance in more detail and the chance to support the creation of sustainable and resilient systems with more diversified commitments from a wider range of partners.
Effectiveness and Safety of A Nutraceutical Formulation for the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia in Primary Care
Authors: Tursi Antonio , Picchio Marcello , Elisei Walter , Allegretta Leonardo , Benedicenti Pierluigi , Bossa Fabrizio , Di Bella Simone , Elefante Antonio , Gallina Stefano , Greco Federica , Maurichi Francesco , Palieri Antonio Pio , Penna Antonio , Pranzo Giuseppe , Rizzo Giovanni Luca , Brandimarte Giovanni , Abenavoli Ludovico , Alfieri Maria Santa , Antonino Natale , Autorino Carlo , Bellomo Pasquale , Casamassima Carlo , Colucci Basilio Paolo , De Cristofaro Vincenzo , Demauro Rocco , Derenzio Pietro , Detommasi Francesco , Fazio Michele , Ferrari Vincenzo , Gallo Alessio , Greco Donatella , Lisco Vito , Lore Francesco , Manfredi Michele , Marsano Giorgio , Mascoli Pasquale , Mazzilli Luigi , Messa Giovanni , Minoretti Giulio , Misciagna Pasquale , Monterisi Francesco , Nappi Saverio , Resta Anna Rosa , Saponaro Pasquale , Sbarra Giovanni , Scutifero Salvatore , Selvaggio Vincenzo , Sica Giuseppe , Tarallo Mario , Torelli Giancarlo , Vigilante Costantino , Zecchillo Pasquale 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Although FD may affect up to 10% of the general population, the therapy
for FD is not standard. Recently, ginger-based food supplements have been proposed in order to restore
FD symptoms. Our aim was to assess the efficacy of a new nutraceutical formulation containing
extract of gingerol and thymus as a possible natural treatment in managing the symptoms of
functional dyspepsia (FD).

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety profiles of a nutraceutical formulation
containing Zingiber officinalis root extract and a standardized Thymus extract. It was administered
as 1 ml/day twice a day for 90 days. Patients were assessed at baseline and after 1, 2 and 3
months of treatment, following a month of pharmacological washout by completing a questionnaire
reporting the trend of the following symptoms: epigastric pain, epigastric heaviness, early satiety,
belching, and regurgitation. Every symptom was assessed by a Visual Analogic Scale (VAS),
ranging from 0= absence to 10= maximal severity.

Results:
We enrolled 272 patients (99 males and 173 females; median IQR age 49.5, 36-64 yrs).
Obesity (BMI>30) was present in 28 (12.5%) patients; smokers were 83 (30.5%); and comorbidities
were present in 107 (39.3%) patients. Improvement of symptom scores during treatment and
one month after its suspension was extremely significant (p<0.000).

Conclusion:
This large study found that nutraceutical formulation could be one of the tools for an
empirical approach to treat patients with FD, especially when a non-conventional drug treatment is
preferable for the patient and considered suitable by the physician.
Novel Benzyloxyphenyl Pyrimidine-5-Carbonitrile Derivatives as Potential Apoptotic
Antiproliferative Agents
Authors: Ibrahim Tarek , Youssif Baha G.M. , AL-Mahmoudy Amany , Hassan Alaa , Taher Ehab , Tantawy Mohamed , Abdel-Aal Eatedal , Osman Nermine 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile has a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antiviral, antioxidant,
and anticancer activities. Among similar compounds, monastrol is the most prominent cell-permeant inhibitor
of mitosis; therefore, we investigated the new Pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile as a cytotoxic agent for the p53 pathway.

Objective:
Several new benzyloxyphenyl pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives were designed, synthesized, and characterized,
and their cytotoxicity was evaluated. The most active compounds were tested for their activity against p53 as a
mechanistic target for antiproliferative action.

Method:
The key intermediate tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivative 4 was prepared by a multicomponent
reaction (MCR) of the Biginelli type. S-alkylation of the key intermediate with the required alkyl or aralkyl halides or
refluxing 4 with POCl3 followed by an amino acid yielded the target compounds. The cytotoxicity of 5c-e, 7a-c, 9, 10a,
b, and 11 was evaluated using the A549 cell line of human lung adenocarcinoma, HepG2 liver cell line, and MDAMB-
231 cell line of breast cancer using the MTT assay. The transcription effects of 7a, 7c, and 11 on the p53 were
assessed and compared with the reference doxorubicin.

Results:
Compounds 7a, 7c, and 11 have the highest cytotoxic effect when applied to most cancer cells. The tested
compounds with 5-FU showed a significant increase in the anticancer activity more than 5-FU alone. Compounds 7a,
7c, and 11 increased the level of active caspase 3 by 4-6-fold compared to untreated control cells in the human liver
cancer cell line (HepG2). Compounds 7a, 7c, and 11 increased the levels of caspase 8 and 9, indicating activation of
both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and showing potent induction of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein levels,
and over-expression of Cytochrome C levels in HepG2 cell lines. Compound 11 exhibited cell cycle arrest at the Pre-
G1 and G2/M phases in the cell cycle analysis of the HepG2 cell line. The results revealed an increase of 12.40-19.10
in p53 level compared to the test cells and that p53 protein level of 7a, 7c, and 11 was significantly inductive (636,
861, and 987 pg/mL, respectively) in relation to doxorubicin (1263 pg/mL).

Conclusion:
Pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives have potent apoptotic and antiproliferative properties.
A Caregiver Digital Intervention to Support Shared Decision Making in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: Development Process and Stakeholder Involvement Analysis
Authors: Liverpool Shaun , Edbrooke-Childs Julian 
Published: June 2021

Background
Parents and caregivers are generally recognized by literature and the law as key to child and adolescent mental health decisions. Digital interventions are increasingly being used to support care and treatment in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). However, evidence of the design and development process is generally not made available.

Objective
In light of calls for more transparency, this paper aims to describe the development of an evidence-based, theoretically informed digital decision support intervention for parents and caregivers of young people accessing CAMHS.

Methods
The intervention was developed in line with the UK Medical Research Council framework for developing complex interventions. The process incorporated the steps for developing patient decision aids, as follows: assessing need, assessing feasibility; defining objectives; identifying the framework of decision support; and selecting the methods, designs, and dissemination approach. We synthesized theory, research, international guidelines, and input from relevant stakeholders using an iterative design approach.

Results
The development steps resulted in Power Up for Parents, a decision support intervention, with five key features (ie, decisions, goals, journey, support, and resources). The intervention aims to encourage discussion, allow parents to ask questions during sessions or seek further information between sessions, and allow service providers to tailor the shared decision-making process to accommodate the needs of the parent and child.

Conclusions
We confirmed that it is possible to use input from end users—integrated with theory and evidence—to create digital interventions to be used in CAMHS. Key lessons with implications for practice, policy, and implementation science, along with preliminary findings, are presented.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/14571
A Virtual Reality Game (The Secret Trail of Moon) for Treating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Rodrigo-Yanguas Maria , Martin-Moratinos Marina , Menendez-Garcia Angela , Gonzalez-Tardon Carlos , Royuela Ana , Blasco-Fontecilla Hilario 
Published: June 2021

Background
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects between 4% and 8% of children worldwide. The treatment of choice is multimodal treatment. Multimodal interventions for ADHD may be improved by incorporating new treatments, such as treatment via serious video games. The Secret Trail of Moon (TSTM) is a virtual reality serious video game that was designed for cognitive training related to core ADHD symptoms and executive dysfunction.

Objective
We aimed to describe the development and usability of TSTM.

Methods
The usability study included 37 children and adolescents who tested TSTM during the early usability stage (preinclusion) of a randomized controlled clinical trial for testing the effectiveness of TSTM. Chi-square tests were performed to compare patients with ADHD (ADHD combined subtype vs inattentive subtype) and to compare frequent and infrequent video game players in the second study. We used SPSS version 20 for Macintosh (IBM Corporation).

Results
A total of 31/37 (86%) and 30/37 (83%) of participants liked playing TSTM and wanted to continue playing TSTM, respectively. Further, 5/37 (14%) of participants reported that they experienced either perceived dizziness or virtual reality motion sickness. We found no statistically significant differences after comparing the ADHD combined subtype to the inattentive subtype and frequent video game players to infrequent video game players.

Conclusions
Serious video games, such as TSTM, may complement the current multimodal approach for treating ADHD.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04355065; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04355065