bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomal microRNA-15a from mesenchymal stem cells impedes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via downregulation of SALL4
Authors: Ma Yu-Shui , Liu Ji-Bin , Lin Lan , Zhang Hui , Wu Jian-Jun , Shi Yi , Jia Cheng-You , Zhang Dan-Dan , Yu Fei , Wang Hui-Min , Yin Yu-Zhen , Jiang Xiao-Hui , Wang Pei-Yao , Tian Lin-Lin , Cao Ping-Sheng , Wu Xu-Ming , Lu Hai-Min , Gu Li-Peng , Zhang Jia-Jia , Cong Gu-Jun , Luo Pei , Zhong Xiao-Ming , Cai Bo , Shi Min-Xin , Zhang Su-Qing , Li Liu , Zhang Wen-Jie , Liu Yu , Li Zhi-Zhen , Wu Ting-Miao , Wu Zhi-Jun , Wang Gao-Ren , Lv Zhong-Wei , Ling Chang-Chun , Chu Kai-Jian , Fu Da 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous tumor with an increased incidence worldwide accompanied by high mortality and dismal prognosis. Emerging evidence indicates that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes possess protective effects against various human diseases by transporting microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs). We aimed to explore the role of exosomal miR-15a derived from MSCs and its related mechanisms in HCC. Exosomes were isolated from transduced MSCs and co-incubated with Hep3B and Huh7 cells. miR-15a expression was examined by RT-qPCR in HCC cells, MSCs, and secreted exosomes. CCK-8, transwell, and flow cytometry were used to detect the effects of miR-15a or spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) on cell proliferative, migrating, invasive, and apoptotic properties. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to validate the predicted targeting relationship of miR-15a with SALL4. Finally, in vivo experiments in nude mice were implemented to assess the impact of exosome-delivered miR-15a on HCC. The exosomes from MSCs restrained HCC cell proliferative, migrating, and invasive potentials, and accelerated their apoptosis. miR-15a was expressed at low levels in HCC cells and could bind to SALL4, thus curtailing the proliferative, migrating, and invasive abilities of HCC cells. Exosomes successfully delivered miR-15a to HCC cells. Exosomal miR-15a depressed tumorigenicity and metastasis of HCC tumors in vivo. Overall, exosomal miR-15a from MSCs can downregulate SALL4 expression and thereby retard HCC development.
Complex systems and ‘‘Spatio ‐Temporal Anti‐Compliance Coordination’’ In cyber‐physical networks: A critique of the Hipster Effect, bankruptcy prediction and alternative risk premia
Authors: Nwogugu Michael I. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Hipster Effect is a group of evolutionary ‘‘Diffusive Learning’’ processes of networks of individuals and groups (and their communication devices) that form Cyber‐Physical Systems; and the Hipster Effect theory has potential applications in many fields of research. This study addresses decision‐making parameters in machine‐learning algorithms, and more specifically, critiques the explanations for the Hipster Effect, and discusses the implications for portfolio management and corporate bankruptcy prediction (two areas where AI has been used extensively). The methodological approach in this study is entirely theoretical analysis. The main findings are as follows: (i) the Hipster Effect theory and associated mathematical models are flawed; (ii) some decision‐making and learning models in machine‐learning algorithms are flawed; (iii) but regardless of whether or not the Hipster Effect theory is correct, it can be used to develop portfolio management models, some of which are summarised herein; (iv) the [1] corporate bankruptcy prediction model can also be used for portfolio‐selection (stocks and bonds).
Improving readability by modifying graphic QR code microstructure
Authors: Liu Hsing‐Chih , Chou Tzren‐Ru , Lu Chun‐Shien , Wang Hsi‐Chun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhite modules of quick response codes (QR codes) are degraded by dot gain, especially when printed at smaller sizes, which results in more false blacks than false whites in error analysis, and also severely affects decoding ability. To reduce the false blacks generated from printing and to improve code readability, modifying the microstructure of graphic QR codes by reducing the size of the information dots is proposed. Experimental results show that the resultant QR code reduces the number of false blacks and thus the error rate. This method applies to the physical output of both conventional and graphic QR codes.
Exploring cybersecurity issues in 5G enabled electric vehicle charging station with deep learning
Authors: Basnet Manoj , Ali Mohd. Hasan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe surging usage of electric vehicles (EVs) demand the robust deployment of trustworthy electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) with millisecond range latency and massive machine to machine communications where 5G could act. However, 5G suffers from inherent protocols, hardware, and software vulnerabilities that seriously threaten the communicating entities' cyber‐physical security. To overcome these limitations in the EVCS system, this paper analyses the impact of False Data Injection (FDI) and Distributed Denial of Services (DDoS) attacks on the operation of EVCS. This work is an extension of the previously published conference paper about the EVCS. As new features, this paper simulates the FDI attack and the syn flood DDoS attacks on 5G enabled remote Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system that controls the solar photovoltaics (PV) controller, Battery Energy Storage (BES) controller, and EV controller of the EVCS. The extent of delay has been increased to more than 500 ms with the severe DDoS attack via 5G. The attacks make the EVCS system oscillate or shift the DC operating point. The frequency of oscillation, its damping, and the system's resiliency are found to be related to the attacks' intensity and the target controller. Finally, the novel stacked Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) based intrusion detection systems (IDS) are proposed solely based on the electrical fingerprint. This model can detect the stealthy cyberattacks that bypass the cyber layer and go unnoticed in the monitoring system with nearly 100% detection accuracy.
Boundary augment: A data augment method to defend poison attack
Authors: Chen Xuan , Ma YueNa , Lu ShiWei , Yao Yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, Deep Neural Networks(DNNs) have been applied in many fields such as computer vision and natural language processing. Many third‐party cloud training platforms have been built to facilitate many individual users or small enterprises for training their models, for example, Colab(google) or AWS cloud platform. For these cloud platforms, there exist many potentially fatal risks, including poison attacks. At the same time, as for federated learning, poison attack is also a severe threat to which. In this paper, a novel method to defend against poison attacks by estimating the distribution of poison data and retraining the backdoor model with a few training data is introduced. The estimated distribution under the manifold DeepFool algorithm fits the poison data well, which can be used to search the manifold boundary of the poisoned data and the clean. Unlike empirical defense methods, the authors' approach is attack‐agnostic, which means that the approach is robust for the various attack methods. Also, it is proven that the adversarial training approach is a practical approach to defend against the poison attack. The authors' approach is tested on the datasets MNIST, CIFAR‐10, GTSRB and ImageNet. The accuracy of the retrained model decreases slightly, but the ASR drops drastically, which proves that our approach has a powerful generalization to defend against the most poison attacks.
Power absorption modelling and analysis of a multi‐axis wave energy converter
Authors: Tan Ming , Cen Yuhao , Yang Yuxuan , Liu Xiaodong , Si Yulin , Qian Peng , Zhang Dahai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA point absorber wave energy converter (WEC) which converts wave energy into electrical energy with a multi‐axis power‐take‐off (PTO) system is considered here. Previous wave tank trials have proved the ability of the multi‐axis WEC to absorb wave power. In this study, the boundary element method (BEM) based software Ansys@ AQWATM was applied to model and analyze the power absorption performance of the multi‐axis WEC for a wider range of regular and irregular waves. To verify the numerical model, a laboratory‐scale physical model was manufactured and tested. Results show that the multi‐axis WEC can absorb more power from the incident regular wave power compared to single‐axis WECs and the efficiency reaches up to 45%. It is found that the wave frequency and incident angle significantly influence the amount of absorbed power from different motion modes and PTO axes. Then the numerical model is simulated at 12 nearshore locations in East and South China Sea. The results indicate that the multi‐axis WEC can absorb up to 5 kW and the efficiency can reach up to 29% at the most energetic site Shengshan. In addition, considerable differences of mean absorbed power efficiency can be found between sea states.
Price‐based unit commitment with decision‐dependent uncertainty in hourly demand
Authors: Su Jinshun , Dehghanian Payman , Lejeune Miguel A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe price‐based unit commitment (PBUC) problem aims to optimise the power generating units' schedules to meet the system demand with the objective to maximise the generation companies' (GENCOs') profit. State‐of‐the‐art PBUC models have taken into account exogenous uncertainties in renewable generation, demand, and price signals. This study proposes a novel PBUC problem formulation with endogenous or decision‐dependent uncertainty (DDU) in the elastic portion of the demand. The proposed PBUC model is formulated as a mixed‐integer non‐linear programming (MINLP) problem with non‐convex continuous relaxation. A concavification approach is developed to reformulate the non‐convex MINLP model as an equivalent mixed‐integer quadratic programming (MIQP) model whose continuous relaxation is convex. Case studies considering GENCOs owning and operating 3, 12, 19, and 40 generating units demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed DDU‐aware PBUC formulation on the GENCOs' anticipated profits.
Asteroseismology of evolved stars to constrain the internal transport of angular momentum
Authors: Fellay L. , Buldgen G. , Eggenberger P. , Khan S. , Salmon S. J. A. J. , Miglio A. , Montalbán J. 
Published: August 2021

Context. The observations of global stellar oscillations of post-main-sequence stars by space-based photometry missions have allowed us to directly determine their internal rotation. These constraints have pointed towards the existence of angular momentum transport processes not accounted for in theoretical models. Constraining the properties of their internal rotation thus appears to be the golden path to determine the physical nature of these missing dynamical processes.
Aims. Our aim is to determine the robustness of a new approach to study the internal rotation of post-main-sequence stars, using parametric rotation profiles coupled to a global optimization technique.
Methods. We tested our methodology on Kepler-56, a red giant observed by the Kepler mission. First, we carried out an extensive modelling of the star using global and local minimizations techniques, and seismic inversions. Then, using our best model, we study in details its internal rotation profile, we adopted a Bayesian approach to constrain stellar parametric predetermined rotation profiles using a Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis of the rotational splittings of mixed modes.
Results. Our Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis of the rotational splittings allows us to determine the core and envelope rotation of Kepler-56 and gives us hints about the location of the transition between the slowly rotating envelope and the fast-rotating core. We are able to discard a rigid rotation profile in the radiative regions followed by a power law in the convective zone, and we show that the data favours a transition located in the radiative region, as predicted by processes originating from a turbulent nature such as for example magnetic instabilities.
Conclusions. Our new approach to studying the internal rotation of red giants constitutes a viable option to analyse Kepler targets and allows us to put stringent constraints on the properties of the missing angular momentum transport process acting in post-main-sequence stars. Our analysis of Kepler-56 indicates that turbulent processes whose transport efficiency is reduced by chemical gradients are favoured, while large-scale fossil magnetic fields are disfavoured as a solution to the missing angular momentum transport.
Outflows in the presence of cosmic rays and waves with cooling
Authors: Ko C. M. , Ramzan B. , Chernyshov D. O. 
Published: August 2021

Context. Plasma outflow from a gravitational potential well with cosmic rays and self-excited Alfvén waves with cooling and wave damping is studied in the hydrodynamics regime.
Aims. We study outflows in the presence of cosmic ray and Alfvén waves including the effect of cooling and wave damping. We seek physically allowable steady-state subsonic-supersonic transonic solutions.
Methods. We adopted a multi-fluid hydrodynamical model for the cosmic ray plasma system. Thermal plasma, cosmic rays, and self-excited Alfvén waves are treated as fluids. Interactions such as cosmic-ray streaming instability, cooling, and wave damping were fully taken into account. We considered one-dimensional geometry and explored steady-state solutions. The model is reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations, which we solved for subsonic-supersonic transonic solutions with given boundary conditions at the base of the gravitational potential well.
Results. We find that physically allowable subsonic-supersonic transonic solutions exist for a wide range of parameters. We studied the three-fluid system (considering only forward-propagating Alfvén waves) in detail. We examined the cases with and without cosmic ray diffusion separately. Comparisons of solutions with and without cooling and with and without wave damping for the same set of boundary conditions (on density, pressures of thermal gas, cosmic rays and waves) are presented. We also present the interesting case of a four-fluid system (both forward- and backward-propagating Alfvén waves are included), highlighting the intriguing relation between different components.
Nonsequential neural network for simultaneous, consistent classification, and photometric redshifts of OTELO galaxies
Authors: de Diego J. A. , Nadolny J. , Bongiovanni Á. , Cepa J. , Lara-López M. A. , Gallego J. , Cerviño M. , Sánchez-Portal M. , Ignacio González-Serrano J. , Alfaro E. J. , Pović M. , Pérez García A. M. , Pérez Martínez R. , Padilla Torres C. P. , Cedrés B. , García-Aguilar D. , González J. J. , González-Otero M. , Navarro-Martínez R. , Pintos-Castro I. 
Published: August 2021

Context.Computational techniques are essential for mining large databases produced in modern surveys with value-added products.Aims.This paper presents a machine learning procedure to carry out a galaxy morphological classification and photometric redshift estimates simultaneously. Currently, only a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting has been used to obtain these results all at once.Methods.We used the ancillary data gathered in the OTELO catalog and designed a nonsequential neural network that accepts optical and near-infrared photometry as input. The network transfers the results of the morphological classification task to the redshift fitting process to ensure consistency between both procedures.Results.The results successfully recover the morphological classification and the redshifts of the test sample, reducing catastrophic redshift outliers produced by an SED fitting and avoiding possible discrepancies between independent classification and redshift estimates. Our technique may be adapted to include galaxy images to improve the classification.
Novel Classification of the Branching Patterns of the Superficial Branch and the Deep Branch of the Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery and the Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery on Computed Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Fuse Yuma , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Karakawa Ryo , Yano Tomoyuki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Recent advances in the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA) perforator flap transfer emphasized the necessity to comprehensively understand the lower abdominal vasculature. This study aimed to clarify the relationship among the superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA), the superficial branch (SCIAs), and the deep branch (SCIAd) of the SCIA.
Methods Computed tomographic angiography was retrospectively reviewed in 312 hemiabdomens in 161 female patients who underwent abdominal flap breast reconstruction. We assessed the presence, caliber, and branching patterns of the SCIA branches and the SIEA.
Results The SIEA-SCIA common trunk was present in 40.1% of the hemiabdomen and was identified in either side of the abdomen in 63.6% of patients. At least one superficial vessel larger than 1.5 mm was found in 61.5% of hemiabdomens. Seven branching patterns of the SCIA-SIEA system were noted: (1) the SCIA and the SIEA originated together (17.0%); (2) the SIEA and the SCIAs shared an origin (22.8%), (3) the SCIA and the SIEA branched separately (17.0%), (4) each artery originated separately (8.0%); (5) the SCIAs and the SCIAd emerged together with the SIEA absent (17.3%); (6) the SCIAs and the SCIAd originated separately with the SIEA absent (13.1%); (7) the SIEA and SCIAd originated separately with the SCIAs absent (3.5%).
Conclusion SCIA-SIEA branching patterns were classified into seven distinctive patterns. This novel classification may help surgeons to choose the optimal pedicle when using the hemi-abdomen region as the donor site.
Utility of ERAS Pathway in Nonabdominal-Based Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction: Efficacy in PAP Flap Reconstruction?
Authors: Cho Min-Jeong , Garza Ricardo , Teotia Sumeet S. , Haddock Nicholas T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are effective in decreasing hospital length of stay and inpatient opioid consumption. Implementation of these protocols in abdominally based breast reconstruction has been successful. When a patient is a poor candidate for abdominally based flaps a popular secondary option is the profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap. We present our experience with implementation of our ERAS protocol in patients treated with PAP flaps for breast reconstruction.
Methods Retrospective review of patients treated with autologous breast reconstruction using PAP flaps before and after ERAS implementation were performed. Patient characteristics, postoperative oral morphine equivalents (OMEs), and flap data were collected.
Results A total of 87 patients were included in this study (58 patients in pre-ERAS and 29 patients in ERAS group). There was no statistical difference in patient age, comorbidities, smoking, and radiation between two groups. The ERAS group had statistically lower hospital length of stay (2.6 vs. 3.8 days), procedure time (315 vs. 433 minutes), postoperative day 0 (54.8 vs. 96.3), postoperative day 1 (29.9 vs. 57.7), and total opioid consumption (103.7 vs. 192.1). There was no statistical difference in average pain scores between two groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that procedure time significantly increased the amount of opioid consumption while ERAS implementation significantly reduced LOS and opioid consumption.
Conclusion Use of an ERAS protocol in PAP flap breast reconstruction has not been previously studied. Our work shows that ERAS implementation in PAP flap breast reconstruction significantly reduces inpatient opioid use and length of hospital stay.
A Comparison of the Use of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Visualization Systems by Novice and Experienced Microsurgeons in Microsurgical Vessel Anastomosis: An Analysis Using the Chicken Model
Authors: Wang Wen-Chien , Hu Hsiang-Wei , Ciudad Pedro , Lin Bor-Shyh , Chen Hung-Chi , Chang Chang-Cheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Various studies have discussed the benefits of applying three-dimensional (3D) techniques, specifically its advantages with respect to ergonomics, feasibility, and the rate of learning achievable in microsurgery training. However, no study has been conducted that compares the operator experience of using two-dimensional (2D) and 3D systems in microsurgical training. The aim of this study is to compare 2D- and 3D-assisted microsurgical training in novices based on anastomosis of chicken femoral arteries.
Methods The participants were grouped by previous microsurgical experience. Group A includes novice participants. Group B includes 2D-experienced participants. Group C includes both participants in groups A and B. A questionnaire composed of 10 parameters in the field of image quality, dexterity, ergonomic, and feasibility will be filled out after each participant finished their anastomoses by the 2D and 3D systems.
Results The results demonstrated 3D system was scored better on “field of view” (p = 0.004), “less tremor” (p = 0.005), “neck/upper back comfort” (p = 0.043), “lower back comfort” (p = 0.015), “technical feasibility” (p = 0.020), and “educational feasibility” (p = 0.004) in group A (N = 12). In group B (N = 9), 3D system was scored better on “field of view” (p = 0.041) but worse on “image resolution” (p = 0.031).
Conclusion With the 3D visualization system for microsurgical anastomosis of chicken femoral model, there are significant improvements in the field of view, stability, ergonomics, and educational value compared with 2D system among all participants. Accordingly, 3D-assisted microsurgery training can be a novel and potential popular training method.