bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of social contacts on SARS-CoV-2 exposure among healthcare workers
Authors: Emecen A N , Keskin S , Boncukcu Eren E , Yildirim Ustuner B , Celik S G , Suner A F , Sezgin E , Siyve N , Basoglu Sensoy E , Tutal Altas E , Demiral Y 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Healthcare workers (HCWs) have an increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection due to occupational exposure. Strict measures generally focus on the patient-to-HCW contacts. However, interactions between the HCWs also pose a high risk for SARS-CoV-2 exposure.

Aims
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of social contacts on the level of SARS-CoV-2 exposure risk among workers by broadening the current risk assessment algorithm.

Methods
Contact tracing records of the workers in a large university hospital between 19th March and 31st December 2020 were analysed. Multivariate conditional logistic regression models were estimated to evaluate factors associated with high-risk exposure for contacts among workers.

Results
Of the 329 exposed clusters, 260 (79%) were HCW-to-HCW contacted clusters. High-risk exposure was higher in the HCW-to-HCW contacts (44%), when compared to the patient-to-HCW contacts (5%) (P &lt; 0.001). A total of 1827 HCWs contacted a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-positive co-worker. Among the HCW-to-HCW contacts, high-risk exposure was higher in the support staff (49%, P &lt; 0.001), in non-patient care settings (47%, P &lt; 0.001) and in the social contacts (57%, P &lt; 0.001). Social contacts between workers increased the high-risk exposure (adjusted odds ratio: 3.50, 95% confidence interval 2.62–4.69) in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
A significant association between social contacts among workers and high-risk exposure of SARS-CoV-2 was observed. The results of the study emphasize the need for policies regarding the improved protection of HCWs in social settings in addition to patient care services.
Uniform Mortgage Regulation and Distortion in Capital Allocation
Authors: Zhang Tim 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The federal mortgage policy, the conforming loan limit (CLL), was spatially uniform before the 2008 crisis, despite remarkable heterogeneity across geography. I show that in areas that experienced a larger decline in the jumbo loan share following an increase in the CLL, lenders raised jumbo loan approval rates, lowered mortgage rates to defend short-term market share, extended credit to riskier borrowers, and incurred deteriorated asset quality in the long run. This result is not explained away by credit supply or demand changes, the bunching effect, or reverse causality. Instead, my evidence is consistent with a competition channel: the effect of CLL increases on jumbo loan credit expansion is significantly exaggerated in a more competitive jumbo-lending market. Overall, my findings suggest that the securitization policies of the government-sponsored enterprises can induce spillovers on the jumbo market segment and influence credit allocation.
Forward Guidance and Corporate Lending
Authors: Delis Manthos D , Hong Sizhe , Paltalidis Nikos , Philip Dennis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We suggest that forward guidance, via publicly committing the central bank to future actions and creating associated expectations, fundamentally affects bank lending decisions independently of other forms of monetary policy. To test this hypothesis, we build a forward guidance measure based on the language used in the Federal Open Market Committee meetings and match this measure with syndicated loans. Our results show that expansionary forward guidance decreases corporate loan spreads and that this effect is stronger for well-capitalized banks lending to riskier firms. Forward guidance also affects nonprice lending terms, such as covenants, performance pricing provisions, and the loan syndicate structure. Additionally, banks tend to initiate new lending relationships with lower spreads after forward guidance issuance.
Varieties of Sugar Dating in Sweden: Content, Compensation, Motivations
Authors: Gunnarsson Lena , Strid Sofia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With the emergence and global proliferation of “sugar dating” websites, the phenomenon of sugar dating is increasingly on the public agenda. Sugar dating is described by these sites as dating arrangements based on an exchange of intimacy and companionship for financial or other forms of support. Given that sex is often part of the arrangements, claims are widespread, yet disputed, that sugar dating is a form of prostitution. Based on interviews and a survey questionnaire, this article maps the practice of heterosexual sugar dating in Sweden as described by “sugar babies” and “sugar daddies” themselves. It shows a striking diversity in regard to what sugar dating means for participants, both in terms of what they do when sugar dating and in terms of how money and/or other material goods are involved in arrangements. A further key difference between sugar dating arrangements is whether “sugar babies” enter them for purely instrumental reasons or enjoy them in and of themselves. Although not all kinds of sugar dating include sex, we argue that sugar dating sites should be seen as key actors in the expansion of the sex (and intimacy) industry, drawing on and articulating pre-existing tendencies within it.
Moving Toward a Functional Cure for HIV-1
Authors: Kang Wen , Sun Yongtao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Despite the recent success of suppressing human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) replication in the peripheral blood with antiretroviral therapy, elimination of the provirus from infected cells remains challenging because the virus can integrate into the host genome and become a latent proviral reservoir. The removal of these latent viral reservoirs from tissue containing infected resting memory CD4+ T cells remains a major barrier to developing a cure for HIV-1. Several novel strategies have recently been developed for curing HIV infection. These include stem cell transplantation with CCR5-Δ32 mutated cells, initial antiretroviral treatment in the very early stage of HIV infection, gene editing to excise the HIV genome or generate CCR5-mutated HIV-1-resistant cells, “shock-and-kill” to reactivate latent HIV using latency reversal agents combined with enhanced immune clearance methods, and an emerging “block-and-lock” strategy to reactivate latent HIV using latency reversal agents combined with enhanced immune clearance methods. However, the high risks and limitations to scale-up in clinics, as well as poor performance in clinical trials, have hampered these efforts. This review aims to describe the present efforts that are being made to combat HIV latency, and critically discuss the limitations and future of the cure for HIV-1.
Measuring pain care quality in the Veterans Health Administration primary care setting
Authors: Luther Stephen L. , Finch Dezon K. , Bouayad Lina , McCart James , Han Ling , Dobscha Steven K. , Skanderson Melissa , Fodeh Samah J. , Hahm Bridget , Lee Allison , Goulet Joseph L. , Brandt Cynthia A. , Kerns Robert D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The lack of a reliable approach to assess quality of pain care hinders quality improvement initiatives. Rule-based natural language processing algorithms were used to extract pain care quality (PCQ) indicators from documents of Veterans Health Administration primary care providers for veterans diagnosed within the past year with musculoskeletal disorders with moderate-to-severe pain intensity across 2 time periods 2013 to 2014 (fiscal year [FY] 2013) and 2017 to 2018 (FY 2017). Patterns of documentation of PCQ indicators for 64,444 veterans and 124,408 unique visits (FY 2013) and 63,427 veterans and 146,507 visits (FY 2017) are described. The most commonly documented PCQ indicators in each cohort were presence of pain, etiology or source, and site of pain (greater than 90% of progress notes), while least commonly documented were sensation, what makes pain better or worse, and pain's impact on function (documented in fewer than 50%). A PCQ indicator score (maximum = 12) was calculated for each visit in FY 2013 (mean = 7.8, SD = 1.9) and FY 2017 (mean = 8.3, SD = 2.3) by adding one point for every indicator documented. Standardized Cronbach alpha for total PCQ scores was 0.74 in the most recent data (FY 2017). The mean PCQ indicator scores across patient characteristics and types of healthcare facilities were highly stable. Estimates of the frequency of documentation of PCQ indicators have face validity and encourage further evaluation of the reliability, validity, and utility of the measure. A reliable measure of PCQ fills an important scientific knowledge and practice gap.
Identifying genetic determinants of inflammatory pain in mice using a large-scale gene-targeted screen
Authors: Wotton Janine M. , Peterson Emma , Flenniken Ann M. , Bains Rasneer S. , Veeraragavan Surabi , Bower Lynette R. , Bubier Jason A. , Parisien Marc , Bezginov Alexandr , Haselimashhadi Hamed , Mason Jeremy , Moore Michayla A. , Stewart Michelle E. , Clary Dave A. , Delbarre Daniel J. , Anderson Laura C. , D'Souza Abigail , Goodwin Leslie O. , Harrison Mark E. , Huang Ziyue , Mckay Matthew , Qu Dawei , Santos Luis , Srinivasan Subhiksha , Urban Rachel , Vukobradovic Igor , Ward Christopher S. , Willett Amelia M. ,   The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, Braun Robert E. , Brown Steve D.M. , Dickinson Mary E. , Heaney Jason D. , Kumar Vivek , Lloyd K.C. Kent , Mallon Ann-Marie , McKerlie Colin , Murray Stephen A. , Nutter Lauryl M.J. , Parkinson Helen , Seavitt John R. , Wells Sara , Samaco Rodney C. , Chesler Elissa J. , Smedley Damian , Diatchenko Luda , Baumbauer Kyle M. , Young Erin E. , Bonin Robert P. , Mandillo Silvia , White Jacqueline K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Identifying the genetic determinants of pain is a scientific imperative given the magnitude of the global health burden that pain causes. Here, we report a genetic screen for nociception, performed under the auspices of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium. A biased set of 110 single-gene knockout mouse strains was screened for 1 or more nociception and hypersensitivity assays, including chemical nociception (formalin) and mechanical and thermal nociception (von Frey filaments and Hargreaves tests, respectively), with or without an inflammatory agent (complete Freund's adjuvant). We identified 13 single-gene knockout strains with altered nocifensive behavior in 1 or more assays. All these novel mouse models are openly available to the scientific community to study gene function. Two of the 13 genes (Gria1 and Htr3a) have been previously reported with nociception-related phenotypes in genetically engineered mouse strains and represent useful benchmarking standards. One of the 13 genes (Cnrip1) is known from human studies to play a role in pain modulation and the knockout mouse reported herein can be used to explore this function further. The remaining 10 genes (Abhd13, Alg6, BC048562, Cgnl1, Cp, Mmp16, Oxa1l, Tecpr2, Trim14, and Trim2) reveal novel pathways involved in nociception and may provide new knowledge to better understand genetic mechanisms of inflammatory pain and to serve as models for therapeutic target validation and drug development.
Use of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for chronic noncancer pain among people using opioids: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Hopkins Ria E. , Campbell Gabrielle , Degenhardt Louisa , Nielsen Suzanne , Blyth Fiona , Cohen Milton , Gisev Natasa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Although multimodal management of chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) is recommended, long-term treatment utilization patterns among people using opioids are not well known. The Pain and Opioids IN Treatment study recruited Australian adults receiving opioids for CNCP for more than 6 weeks from community pharmacies. Pharmacological (opioid and nonopioid analgesics and psychotropic medicines) and nonpharmacological (physical, mental health, and specialized) treatments used in the previous 12 months and 30 days were collected annually over 4 years (2015-2018). Associations were explored between 30-day treatment use and sociodemographic characteristics and pain measures. Overall, 1334 participants completed at least one annual follow-up. The median pain severity (5.0, interquartile range [IQR] 3.8 to 6.3) and pain interference scores (5.7, IQR 3.9-7.3) indicated moderate pain throughout the study period, despite most participants reporting the use of nonopioid pharmacological (12 month: 97.6% and 30 day: 96.8%) and nonpharmacological treatments (12 month: 91.8% and 30 day: 66.1%). Some treatment use was inconsistent with guidelines: ongoing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and sedative-hypnotic use were common, whereas fewer people engaged with pain management programs (12 month: 22.3%). Private health insurance was associated with using physical (adjusted odds ratio 1.61, 99.5% confidence intervals 1.15-2.24) and specialized nonpharmacological treatments (adjusted odds ratio 1.47, 99.5% confidence intervals 1.14-1.91). This study demonstrates that many Australians taking opioids long-term for CNCP also use nonopioid pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments. The use of pharmacological treatments including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, psychotropic medicines, and gabapentinoids, outside guidelines, warrants review. Furthermore, despite Australia's universal healthcare scheme subsidising some nonpharmacological treatments, overall use of these treatments was associated with having private health insurance, highlighting a need for more equitable service provision.
Perceptions of Work-Related Health and Cancer Risks Among Women Firefighters
Authors: Solle Natasha Schaefer , Santiago Katerina M. , Louzado Feliciano Paola , Calkins Miriam M. , Fent Kenny , Jahnke Sara , Parks Natasha , Buren Heather , Grant Casey , Burgess Jefferey L. , Caban-Martinez Alberto J. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
We use a qualitative method to gain further insight into women firefighters’ experiences, perceptions of cancer, health, and safety risks in the fire service.

Methods:
We conducted six focus groups with U.S. women firefighters. Participants engaged in a 60 to 75-minute, semi-structured discussion and completed a sociodemographic questionnaire. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to inductively create themes. Data collection concluded when saturation was met.

Results:
Forty-nine women firefighters participated. Qualitative results indicated the main health concerns include: occupational cancer risks including, risks related to hazardous exposures, sleep disruption and stress; and women's health concerns including, cancer, pregnancy and breastfeeding, and lack of resources.

Conclusions:
Women firefighters are concerned about their risk for cancer due to their occupation and identify a lack of resources specific to health and safety needs of women firefighters.
Dermatologic simulations in nurse practitioner education: Improving skin cancer knowledge, confidence, and performance
Authors: Shue-McGuffin Katherine D. , Powers Kelly 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
The rising incidence of skin cancer continues to be a significant public health concern in the United States. Nurse practitioners (NPs) have a key role in early detection of skin cancer. However, NP students currently demonstrate low levels of knowledge related to skin cancer assessments and recognition of skin lesions.

Purpose:
The aim of this pilot study was to determine if simulations with standardized patients wearing three-dimensional (3D) prosthetic skin lesions improved NP students' knowledge, self-confidence, and observed simulation performance with regard to assessing, diagnosing, and managing patients with nonmalignant versus malignant skin lesions.

Methodology:
A quasi-experimental approach was used with a convenience sample of 39 NP students. Students participated in three consecutive simulations, each followed by a debriefing. Performance was assessed during the simulations using a rubric. Knowledge and self-confidence were measured immediately before and after the simulation.

Results:
Correct responses on knowledge items increased for 14 of the 18 items. Self-confidence significantly improved from pretest to posttest. There was a statistically significant improvement in performance from the first to third simulation encounter.

Conclusion:
Simulation with standardized patients wearing 3D lesions can enhance NP students' knowledge, self-confidence, and performance of skin cancer assessments.

Implications:
Nurse practitioner programs can consider using simulation to prepare students for dermatologic care and to help improve the probability of early detection of skin cancer in various health care settings.
Benefit of Higher Maximum Force Output in Bone Anchored Hearing Systems: A Crossover Study
Authors: Bergius Elin , Philipsson Marianne , Rosenbom Tove , Sadeghi André 
Published: September 2021

Objective:
To investigate how higher maximum force output (MFO) in bone anchored hearing systems (BAHS) affects perceived benefit and the subjective experience of sound as well as hearing outcomes in subjects with mixed hearing loss.

Study Design:
Prospective single-center, randomized crossover design (A-B-A) with within-subject control design.

Patients:
The study included 19 experienced BAHS users with mixed hearing loss in the fitting range of a standard BAHS.

Interventions:
The study evaluated two sound processors with differing MFOs and sizes—Device A: standard sound processor with a lower MFO and Device B: superpower sound processor with a higher MFO.

Outcome Measures:
Speech recognition in noise at different signal to noise ratios, aided thresholds, and questionnaires.

Results:
Speech recognition test showed significant improvements using Device B compared with Device A at both 78 dB SPL (mean difference: 9%) and 75 dB SPL (mean difference: 12%) (p < 0.05). Moreover, speech, spatial and qualities of hearing scale (SSQ12-C) showed a significantly greater perceived benefit with Device B concerning spatial abilities (mean: 0.5–0.6) (p < 0.05). At the conclusion of the study, 58% of participants chose to keep Device A for further use. The main reasons for this were the size of the sound processor and a more comfortable sound experience.

Conclusions:
A BAHS sound processor with a higher MFO leads to improved speech-in-noise performance in loud/noisy listening situations and is perceived as significantly better to process spatial information in daily listening situations. However, the relation between cosmetics and performance is not straightforward, and several factors seem to affect the selection process of BAHS.
Deployment of the Water Drinking Test and iCare HOME Phasing for Intraocular Pressure Profiling in Glaucoma Evaluation
Authors: Phu Jack , Masselos Katherine , Kalloniatis Michael 
Published: September 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Intraocular pressure (IOP) profiling is an important component of the glaucoma examination. Two techniques for profiling are the water drinking test (WDT) and iCare HOME phasing, but the correlations between techniques and their ease of deployment have not been studied. These questions are important in determining suitability for clinical deployment.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to compare the IOP results of the WDT and iCare HOME phasing in patients with suspected or newly diagnosed glaucoma.

METHODS
Ninety-eight consecutive patients attending a glaucoma clinic underwent IOP profiling using both techniques. For the WDT, patients ingested 10 mL/kg body weight of water after a baseline applanation IOP measurement and then underwent serial IOP measurements approximately every 15 minutes, ceasing after 30 minutes of consecutive measurements within 3 mmHg of baseline. Patients successfully certified for self-administration of the iCare HOME were loaned the instrument for 1 week and instructed to take four measurements per day.

RESULTS
Twenty-seven patients (28%) successfully obtained four measurements per day using iCare HOME, and 96 patients (98%) were able to complete the WDT. Intraocular pressure profiles showed no difference between the time for peak IOP and across nearly all IOP parameters obtained from profiling except for the standard deviation of IOP measurements obtained using the iCare HOME (P = .005). There were moderate correlations between peak IOPs obtained using each technique (r = 0.67, P = .001, right eye; r = 0.66, P = .002, left eye) but no correlation between the daily range (iCare HOME) or peak-trough difference (WDT; r = 0.21, P = .28, right eye; r = 0.27, P = .02, left eye). Bland-Altman analysis returned similar results for peak and range.

CONCLUSIONS
Intraocular pressure profiling using both techniques can reveal the peak IOP, and these measurements are strongly correlated. Most patients were unable to complete the iCare HOME according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Clinicians should select the most appropriate technique for each patient.
Pulmonary Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: Imaging and Clinical Features
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Jianhua , Lang Juntao , Zhang Xingwei 
Published: September 2021

Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze the computed tomography (CT), fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT), and clinical findings of pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.

Methods
Eighteen patients were included. We reviewed CT and PET/CT features and clinical information. Spearman correlation analysis was used to reveal the correlation between lesion size and maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax).

Results
Eleven patients complained of different symptoms. The serum levels of tumor markers were elevated in 8 patients (44.4%). Multiple lesions were shown in 14 cases (77.8%). Eleven cases (61.1%) presented as bilateral multiple perivascular lesions. The size of the largest nodule was less than 20 mm in diameter in 11 cases (61.1%). Eleven cases underwent PET/CT examination, and 8 cases (72.7%) had increased FDG uptake. There was a positive correlation (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.56; P = 0.009) between lesion size and SUVmax. Extrapulmonary involvement was shown in 7 cases, including the liver and bone.

Conclusions
Pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma on CT scan usually showed multiple bilateral perivascular lung nodules, generally measuring less than 20 mm in diameter. Lesions usually showed increased FDG uptake on PET/CT scans. There was a positive correlation between lesion size and SUVmax. The liver and bone were the most frequently involved extrapulmonary organs.