bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planetesimal formation around the snow line
Authors: Ida Shigeru , Guillot Tristan , Hyodo Ryuki , Okuzumi Satoshi , Youdin Andrew N. 
Published: January 2021

Context.The formation of rocky planetesimals is a long-standing problem in planet formation theory. One of the possibilities is that it results from gravitational instability as a result of the pile-up of small silicate dust particles released from sublimating icy pebbles that pass the snow line.Aims.We want to understand and quantify the role of the water snow line for the formation of rock-rich and ice-rich planetesimals. In this paper, we focus on the formation of rock-rich planetesimals. A companion paper examines the combined formation of both rock-rich and ice-rich planetesimals.Methods.We developed a new Monte Carlo code to calculate the radial evolution of silicate particles in a turbulent accretion disk, accounting for the back reaction (i.e., inertia) of the particles on their radial drift velocity and diffusion. Results depend in particular on the particle injection width (determined from the radial sublimation width of icy pebbles), the pebble scale height, and the pebble mass flux through the disk. The scale height evolution of the silicate particles, which is the most important factor for the runaway pile-up, is calculated automatically in this Lagrange method.Results.From the numerical results, we derive semi-analytical relations for the scale height of the silicate dust particles and the particle-to-gas density ratio at the midplane, as functions of a pebble-to-gas mass flux ratio and theαparameters for disk gas accretion and vertical/radial diffusion We find that the runaway pile-up of the silicate particles (formation of rocky planetesimals) occurs if the pebble-to-gas mass flux ratio is ≳ [(αDz/αacc)/3 × 10−2]1/2, whereαDzandαaccare theαparameters for vertical turbulent diffusion and disk gas accretion.
Molecular prevalence, characterization and associated risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in small ruminants in Northern Pakistan
Authors: Niaz Sadaf , Ur Rahman Zia , Ali Ijaz , Cossío-Bayúgar Raquel , Amaro-Estrada Itzel , Alanazi Abdullah D. , Khattak Irfan , Zeb Jehan , Nasreen Nasreen , Khan Adil 
Published: January 2021

This study was conducted in four districts (Malakand, Swat, Bajaur and Shangla) of Northern Pakistan to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors and phylogenetic analyses of Theileria and Anaplasma species in small ruminants. A total of 800 blood samples, 200 from each district, were collected from apparently healthy animals. PCR assays were performed using generic primers for Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. as well as species specific primers for A. ovis and T. ovis. Overall infection prevalence was 361/800 (45.1%). Theileria spp. infection prevalence (187/800, 23.3%) was higher than Anaplasma spp. (174/800, 21.7%). Amplified partial 18S rRNA genes were sequenced and enrolled animals were found to be infected by T. ovis (115/800, 14.3%), and at least two more Theileria species (72/800, 9%) were present (T. lestoquardi and T. annulata). All blood samples that were found to be positive for Anaplasma spp. were also positive for A. ovis. Infection prevalence was higher in sheep (227/361, 28.3%) compared to goats (134/361, 16.6%) (p < 0.005). Univariable analysis of risk factors showed that host, age, grazing system and acaricide treatment were significant determinants (p < 0.05) for both Theileria and Anaplasma infections. Multivariable analysis revealed that host, sex, age, tick infestation and grazing system were significant risk factors (p < 0.005) for both pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed variants among the A. ovis and T. annulata samples analysed, indicating that different genotypes are circulating in the field while T. ovis presented the same genotype for the samples analysed.
Neuroma Prevention and Implantation Effects of NEUROCAP in Rat Sciatic Nerve Model
Authors: Peterson Steven L. , de Vries Harm , Collins Kami , Geraedts Hilde , Wheatley Michael J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction Symptomatic neuroma with neuropathic pain can develop following peripheral nerve injury. Current interventions for symptomatic neuroma have unpredictable results. NEUROCAP (Polyganics, Groningen, The Netherlands) is a bioresorbable nerve capping device intended to protect a peripheral nerve end and separate the nerve from the surrounding environment, to prevent the recurrence of a symptomatic neuroma.
Materials and Methods This study aims to assess the implantation effects of the NEUROCAP device in a rat sciatic nerve model during 12 months (±2 days). Forty-one adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. They were randomly divided into a capping or test group, or a noncapping or control group for different time points of survival (12 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months). The objective of this study was evaluated regarding procedural data, adverse events, clinical observations, and histopathology.
Results The overall general health of the animals was adequate throughout the study, with the exception of autotomy during the first 4 months of survival. Eight animals were euthanized early due to autotomy, excluded from the study and seven of them have been replaced. Autotomy was an expected outcome and a known limitation of the animal model, particularly as this was a full sciatic nerve transection model. Neuroma formation was observed in the control group while there was no neuroma formation present in the test group. The control group showed increased nerve outgrowth and more chaotic fascicles in comparison with the test group. The test group also had a higher percentage of myelinated fibers compared to the control group. These results indicate a preventive mode of action of the NEUROCAP with regard to neuroma formation after nerve transection in a rat sciatic nerve model.
Conclusion The results indicate that NEUROCAP is safe and effective in preventing the recurrence of neuroma formation and inhibiting nerve outgrowth.
Local inspection of magnetic properties in GdMnIn by measuring hyperfine interactions
Authors: Cabrera-Pasca G. A. , Magno J. F. , Ferreira W. L. , Campos A. C. , Bosch-Santos B. , Sales T. S. N. , Pereira L. F. D. , Burimova A. , Saxena R. N. , Freitas R. S. , Carbonari A. W. 
Published: January 2021

GdMnIn is reported to crystallize in the hexagonal MgNi2-type structure presenting a spin-glass behavior with no magnetic order attributed to the triangular spin frustration of magnetic ions. In the present work, FC-ZFC magnetization, specific heat and AC susceptibility measurements along with the local magnetic exchange measured by hyperfine interactions at In sites are used to investigate the magnetic behavior in GdMnIn compound. The ZFC-FC magnetization curves exhibit an inflection which was ascribed to the antiferromagnetic transition at TN= 145 K. These curves also give an indication of thermomagnetic irreversibility at 118 K, which along with the absence of inflection in specific heat results might be associated to spin-glass behavior. Results of AC susceptibility and magnetic hyperfine field measured using 111In(111Cd) probe nuclei carried out by perturbed angular correlations (PAC) technique did not show evidence of spin-glass behavior. The thermomagnetic irreversibility in FC-ZFC curves along with results of hyerfine interactions suggest the presence of magneto-crystalline anisotropy effects and a weak long-range coupling in GdMnIn.
Dealing with the impact of the COVID‐19 outbreak: Are some athletes’ coping profiles more adaptive than others?
Authors: Pété Emilie , Leprince Chloé , Lienhart Noémie , Doron Julie 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThe public health policies and sanitary measures taken by governments in various countries to stem the spread of the COVID‐19 pandemic (e.g. lockdown, social distancing) have major implications for athletes. The radical changes are challenging and risk causing significant career disruption to athletes, with subsequent negative psychological effects. Thus, the ways athletes cope with such adversity is of critical importance. The present study aimed to identify athletes’ coping profiles using a person‐centred approach, based on their reported use of multiple coping strategies in response to the impact of the COVID‐19 outbreak, and to compare levels of anxiety, stress appraisals, interpersonal coping strategies, and availability and appreciation of the major sources of support across profiles. A total of 526 French athletes competing at national to elite levels answered an online questionnaire during the lockdown. Latent profile analysis results yielded four distinct coping profiles (i.e. self‐reliant, engaged, avoidant, active and social). The MANOVA showed that athletes belonging to the four profiles differed on anxiety, stress appraisals, social support, and interpersonal coping. In particular, avoidant copers reported high levels of anxiety, threat, and uncontrollability, and appeared less able to regulate responses to the impact of the COVID‐19 outbreak. Using a person‐centred approach, the findings could inform the development of more adequate care, support, and intervention for athletes, especially avoidant copers, who were characterized by the least effective coping skills and resources. Accordingly, stress reappraisal and stress mindset interventions could be promising approaches to effectively manage pandemic‐related impact during and after the COVID‐19 crisis.Highlights
The COVID‐19 outbreak has major implications for athletes and is causing significant disruption to their careers. Using a person‐centred approach, four coping profiles emerge showing athletes' preferred use of several coping strategies in response.
The four coping profiles (i.e. self‐reliant, engaged, avoidant, active and social) differentiate distinct groups of athletes in relation to anxiety, stress appraisals, social support, and interpersonal coping.
Avoidant copers were characterized by the least effective coping skills and social context of coping. Management of the COVID‐19 situation may be more problematic for them than other in mitigating its negative psychological effects.
Using a person‐centred approach, the findings could inform the development of more adequate care, support, and intervention for athletes, especially avoidant copers, who were characterized by the least effective coping skills and resources.
Quantum creation of a toy Universe without inflation
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhu Mian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We propose a toy model for the origin of the Universe, where the scale-invariant fluctuations are generated together with the quantum creation process of the Universe. The fluctuations arise inside an instanton in the Euclidean domain of time. In the Lorentzian point of view, the Universe emerges with passive, coherent and scale-invariant fluctuations present from the beginning, without the need of inflation or a bounce. For this mechanism to work, we need anisotropic scaling in space and time, which is realized in a toy model of Horava–Lifshitz (HL) gravity with a Lifshitz scalar field.
Refraction and total internal reflection in a prism with an arbitrary apex angle
Authors: Moon Geol , Kim Jin-Tae , Noh Heung-Ryoul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study the reflection and refraction of a monochromatic ray of light in a normal or rhomboid-shaped prism with an arbitrary apex angle. In particular, we investigate the conditions for the occurrence of the total internal reflection and propagation of light on the second surface of the prism by varying the incidence angle, apex angle, and refractive index of the prism. The regions within the two-dimensional incidence angle–apex angle and incidence angle–refractive index spaces, which correspond to refraction or total internal reflection occurring at the surfaces of the prism, are characterized in detail. Thus, this study facilely obtained solutions to the typical problems of refraction and total internal reflection in a prism.
Robertson–Schrödinger uncertainty relation for qubits: a visual approach
Authors: Gutiérrez-Vega Julio C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The uncertainty principle sets a limit to our capacity to predict the outcomes of two incompatible measurements. The Heisenberg uncertainty relation for two arbitrary observables

A

and

B

is usually discussed in textbooks. However, little or no attention is paid to the fact that Schrödinger generalised the Heisenberg relation taking into account the covariance between the observables

A

and

B

. This extended inequality is known as the Robertson–Schrödinger uncertainty relation. Here, we demonstrate the less known fact that two-level quantum states, i.e., qubits, satisfy the equality of the Robertson–Schrödinger uncertainty relation for two arbitrary observables

A

and

B

. Taking advantage of the homomorphism between SU(2) and SO(3) groups, it is possible to map the distributions of the expectation values and variances of the observables, and the Heisenberg and covariance terms on the Bloch sphere. The graphical visualisation of the relevant quantities involved in the uncertainty relations allows us to distinguish specific properties and symmetries that are not so evident in the algebraic formalism.
A shadow of the repulsive Rutherford scattering and Hamilton vector
Authors: Shatilov D A , Silagadze Z K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The fact that repulsive Rutherford scattering casts a paraboloidal shadow is rarely exploited in introductory mechanics textbooks. Another rarely used construction in such textbooks is the Hamilton vector, a cousin of the more famous Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector. We will show how the latter (Hamilton’s vector) can be used to explain and clarify the former (paraboloidal shadow).
Microfluidic chip fabrication and performance analysis of 3D printed material for use in microfluidic nucleic acid amplification applications
Authors: Tzivelekis Charalampos , Selby Matthew P , Batet Albert , Madadi Hojjat , Dalgarno Kenny 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Additive manufacturing for microfluidics shows potential to boost research and development in research biology and molecular diagnostics. This paper reports on novel process and material optimisation techniques in the creation of a monolithic microfluidic chip geometry for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) thermocycling using stereolithography (SLA). A two-stage printing protocol with projection SLA is assessed in printing disposable oscillating-flow microfluidic cartridges for PCR. Print performance was characterized in terms of critical channel dimensions and surface quality. Post-treatment with ultraviolet light and solvent washes was shown to reduce PCR inhibiting residuals and facilitate the reaction, indicating material compatibility for fluidic and milli-fluidic PCR architectures. Residuals leaching from the polymer were shown via quantitative PCR that interact with enzyme activity. Passivation of channel surfaces with a polyethylene glycol and a silane static coating reduced the leaching interface improving overall PCR efficiency. The discussed protocols can serve as a low-cost alternative to clean-room and micromachined microfluidic prototypes for various microfluidic concepts.
Negative-curvature spacetime solutions for graphene
Authors: Gallerati Antonio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We provide a detailed analysis of the electronic properties of graphene-like materials with charge carriers living on a curved substrate, focusing in particular on constant negative-curvature spacetime. An explicit parametrization is also worked out in the remarkable case of Beltrami geometry, with an analytic solution for the pseudoparticles modes living on the curved bidimensional surface. We will then exploit the correspondent massless Dirac description, to determine how it affects the sample local density of states.
An improved TDCP-GNSS/INS integration scheme considering small cycle slip for low-cost land vehicular applications
Authors: Chen Kai , Chang Guobin , Chen Chao , Zhu Ting 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An improved global navigation satellite system (GNSS)/inertial navigation system (INS) tightly coupled scheme based on a time-differenced carrier phase (TDCP) was proposed for a low-cost vehicle navigation system. The proposed scheme aims to improve the navigation performance and computational efficiency of the system for low-cost GNSS receivers and low-accuracy INS. The traditional measurement model based on the TDCP has either high accuracy with a large computational load or high efficiency with low accuracy. Considering both the positioning accuracy and computational burden, an accurate and efficient measurement model was derived in this paper. In positioning based on the carrier phase, it is an indispensable task to handle the cycle slips, especially small ones. However, the cycle slip of a certain moment only contaminates the current TDCP measurement, but not the subsequent TDCP measurements. Based on this characteristic of the TDCP measurement, a novel cycle slip processing strategy was proposed for the TDCP-GNSS/INS integration scheme, in which cycle slip is directly handled as a gross error with a robust extended Kalman filter (EKF). The vehicular test has been conducted to evaluate the performance of the improved TDCP-GNSS/INS integration scheme. Experiment results show: (a) compared with the traditional position error parameter-based measurement model, the proposed measurement model can improve the accuracy of the horizontal and vertical position by 58.4% and 12.5%, respectively. Compared with the traditional velocity error parameter-based measurement model, the proposed measurement model does not improve the positioning accuracy, but improves the computational efficiency by 25.2%. (b) The strategy of treating cycle slip as a gross error is feasible in the TDCP-GNSS/INS tightly coupled navigation system. Although a small cycle slip can seriously affect the positioning performance of the system, the robust EKF can effectively avoid the long-term harm caused by small cycle slips.
Phase transitions of two spin-1/2 Baxter–Wu layers coupled with Ising-type interactions
Authors: Liu Wei , Yan Zhengxin , Wang Yixian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Using a Monte Carlo simulation and the single histogram reweighting technique, we study the critical behaviors and phase transitions of the Baxter–Wu (BW) model on a two-layer triangular lattice with Ising-type interlayer couplings. Via the finite-size analysis, we obtain the transition temperatures and critical exponents at repulsive and attractive interlayer couplings. The data for the repulsive interlayer coupling suggest continuous transitions, and the critical behaviors are the same as those of the 2D BW model, belonging to the four-state Potts universality class. The reduced energy cumulants and the histograms reveal that attractive coupling leads to weak first-order phase transitions. The pseudocritical exponents with the existence of the interlayer couplings indicate that the first-order transition is very close to the critical point of the 2D standard BW model.
16.9 MW, efficient 486.1 nm blue optical parametric oscillator using single BBO crystal
Authors: Zhang Jiale , Ma Jian , Lu Tingting , Wang Jianlei , Zhu Xiaolei , Chen Weibiao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A single-resonant beta barium borate crystal optical parametric oscillator with high pulse energy output at the H-β Fraunhofer line of 486.1 nm was demonstrated. Pumped by a single-frequency 355 nm ultraviolet pulsed laser at 10 Hz repetition rate with maximum pulse energy of 411 mJ, maximum output energy of 162 mJ blue laser pulse at 486.1 nm was successfully obtained from a plano-concave cavity with a 40% output coupler, the corresponding optical-to-optical conversion efficiency was up to 39.4%, and the pulse width was around 9.6 ns. The blue laser beam size was 4.4 mm × 5.1 mm with the beam divergence angles of θx
= 2.2 mrad and θy
= 2.5 mrad. The peak power of output blue laser was 16.9 MW, and the signal linewidth was around 0.34 nm.
Influence of interface conditions on hydrogen transport studies
Authors: Delaporte-Mathurin Rémi , Hodille Etienne A. , Mougenot Jonathan , Charles Yann , De Temmerman Gregory , Leblond Floriane , Grisolia Christian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work investigates the influence of hydrogen chemical potential continuity across solid material interfaces. The implementation of the mathematical model in FESTIM is verified using the method of exact solutions (MES) and the method of manufactured solutions (MMS) in 1D, 2D, with complex material properties and inhomogeneous temperature fields. A comparison test between FESTIM, TMAP7 and Abaqus codes is also performed and the codes show good agreement. The chemical potential continuity condition has an impact up to 40% on the outgassing particle flux on 4 mm composite slabs (W/Cu and Cu/EUROFER) compared to mobile concentration continuity. A method for rapid identification of materials properties from outgassing flux measurements is given. The influence of chemical potential conservation on monoblock inventory is then studied. It is shown that, for the 1D and 2D ITER divertor monobolocks cases, discrepancies only start to appear after approximately 5 × 106 s of full power.
Comparison multi-layer perceptron and linear regression for time series prediction of novel coronavirus covid-19 data in West Java
Authors: Yulita I N , Abdullah A S , Helen A , Hadi S , Sholahuddin A , Rejito J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Until now, the pandemic conditions of Covid-19 are still ravaging the world, even in Indonesia and West Java. Various attempts have been made to stop it. West Java implements Large Scale Social Restrictions, is known as Pembatasan Sosial Skala Besar (PSBB). However, over time, a discourse emerged to loosen PSBB. One of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) requirements to loosen is the effective reproduction rate of Corona Virus cases below 1. Therefore, this study focuses on predicting the number of cases in West Java. The methods based on multi-layer perception (MLP) and linear regression (LR). The data were obtained from the C Covid -19 positive case from March to mid-August 2020 in West Java. The experiments show that MLP reaches optimal if it used 13 hidden layers with learning rate and momentum = 0.1. The MLP had a smaller error than LR. Both of them predict the number of cases in the next 30 days from August 14, 2020. The results show that West Java will still have an increase in the number of new cases of Covid -19.
Application of Generalized Space Time Autoregressive Integrated (GSTARI) model in the phenomenon of covid-19
Authors: Alawiyah M , Kusuma D A , Ruchjana B N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Covid-19 has occurred throughout the world, including Indonesia. The spread of the coronavirus from human to human is happening very rapidly. This has caused the spread of covid-19 that occurred in Indonesia to have spread to all regions in Indonesia, one of which is Bandung Raya area. covid-19 cases that occur in Bandung Raya are increasing every day. In addition, the characteristics of covid-19 that occurred in each area of Bandung Raya also different. So that the covid-19 that occurred in Bandung Raya can be modelled with the Generalized Space-Time Autoregressive Integrated (GSTARI) model. The GSTARI model is a development of the GSTAR non-stationary model which assumes each location has heterogeneous characteristics and has a different parameter. The GSTARI model is applied to the patient of positive covid-19 data in the area of Bandung Raya including 4 regencies/cities in Bandung Regency, West Bandung Regency, Bandung City and Cimahi City. The result of the estimation of the GSTARI model to the covid-19 phenomenon shows that this model produces forecasting data that is close to the actual data in few days.