bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural language processing for aviation safety: extracting knowledge from publicly-available loss of separation reports
Authors: Buselli Irene , Oneto Luca , Dambra Carlo , Verdonk Gallego Christian , García Martínez Miguel , Smoker Anthony , Ike Nnenna , Pejovic Tamara , Ruiz Martino Patricia 
Published: September 2021

Background: The air traffic management (ATM) system has historically coped with a global increase in traffic demand ultimately leading to increased operational complexity. When dealing with the impact of this increasing complexity on system safety it is crucial to automatically analyse the loss of separation (LoS) using tools able to extract meaningful and actionable information from safety reports. Current research in this field mainly exploits natural language processing (NLP) to categorise the reports, with the limitations that the considered categories need to be manually annotated by experts and that general taxonomies are seldom exploited. Methods: To address the current gaps, authors propose to perform exploratory data analysis on safety reports combining state-of-the-art techniques like topic modelling and clustering and then to develop an algorithm able to extract the Toolkit for ATM Occurrence Investigation (TOKAI) taxonomy factors from the free-text safety reports based on syntactic analysis. TOKAI is a general taxonomy developed by EUROCONTROL and intended to become a standard and harmonised approach to future investigations. Results: Leveraging on the LoS events reported in the public databases of the Comisión de Estudio y Análisis de Notificaciones de Incidentes de Tránsito Aéreo and the United Kingdom Airprox Board, authors show how their proposal is able to automatically extract meaningful and actionable information from safety reports and to classify them according to the TOKAI taxonomy. The quality of the approach is also indirectly validated by checking the connection between the identified factors and the main contributor of the incidents. Conclusions: Authors' results are a promising first step toward the full automation of a general analysis of LoS reports supported by results on real world data coming from two different sources. In the future, authors' proposal could be extended to other taxonomies or tailored to identify factors to be included in the safety taxonomies.
Segurança pública e cidades: perspectivas a partir da Escola de Chicago
Authors: Guimarães Claudio Alberto Gabriel , Branco Thayara Castelo , Santoro Antonio Eduardo 
Published: September 2021

Pretende-se com este trabalho, a partir da perspectiva teórica desenvolvida pela Escola Sociológica de Chicago, investigar e resgatar os estudos realizados desde o início do Século XX, que indicam a configuração espacial das cidades como fator inibidor ou potencializador da atividade criminosa, a depender do seu nível de organização social e urbanística. Sequencialmente, a partir de estudos de pesquisadores brasileiros, intenta-se averiguar a pertinência da inter-relação entre desorganização social, desorganização urbana e criminalidade no país, o que leva a seguinte problematização: Existe relação entre espaços da cidade desorganizados social e urbanisticamente e o cometimento de delitos? Por fim, serão estudadas as previsões legais, a partir da Constituição brasileira, acerca do desenvolvimento de políticas públicas em tal âmbito urbano, como forma de combate à violência apontada pela pesquisa como setorizada social e espacialmente. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi estritamente a pesquisa bibliográfica e, consequentemente, os dados utilizados os que constantes nos trabalhos referidos e que acabaram por apontar como hipótese a plausibilidade na ligação entre desorganização social, desorganização urbana e criminalidade sugerindo, de forma conclusiva mas não exaustiva, a necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas inclusivas, principalmente no âmbito dos Municípios, focadas no combate à violência estrutural e, consequentemente, criminal.
Autonomia e dignidade em Kant: o suicídio como violação do "dever pelo dever" e suas novas interpretações no campo da bioética
Authors: Lima Andrei Ferreira de Araújo , Weber Thadeu 
Published: September 2021

O filósofo alemão, Immanuel Kant, que preleciona ser autonomia o núcleo da dignidade da pessoa humana, foi categórico ao afirmar que o suicídio viola uma ação do “dever pelo dever”, ou seja, não se trata de uma ação moral perfeita, logo, não universalizável e sem possibilidade de exceções. Porém, essa mesma dignidade fortemente imbricada com a autonomia tem sido alvo de diversos estudos e interpretações no campo da Bioética, notadamente pela corrente “principialista”. Ao buscar soluções práticas para temas como o fim da vida (suicídio, ortotanásia, eutanásia, etc.), diversos autores contemporâneos fundamentam um possível direito à morte com base nos postulados kantianos. Destarte, objetivou-se analisar, a partir do método hipotético-dedutivo, a validade dos argumentos da referida fundamentação, uma vez que Kant, principal referencial teórico, posicionou-se peremptoriamente contrário ao suicídio. Em que pese a aparente contradição, a reinterpretação de autores como Rawls, Dworkin, Beauchamp, Childress, Kress, Hufen, McHaman, et al, a partir do conflito e conformação entre autonomia, dignidade da pessoa humana e direito à vida, parece apresentar uma resposta plausível quanto à existência de um direito à morte, não de forma indiscriminada, mas de forma digna e criteriosa.
Polished photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Zhang Zhiwen , Shen Tao , Wu Haibin , Feng Yue , Wang Xin 
Published: September 2021

A polished photonic crystal fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance for refractive index (RI) detection is proposed and analyzed by finite element analysis. The design of polishing can greatly increase the birefringence of photonic crystal fiber and ensure a uniform coating film, thus improving sensor performance. The outer air of the structure is arranged in half of an octagonal shape, and the inner layer is arranged in a quadrilateral shape, which can effectively improve coupling strength in the

y

-polarization direction. The sensor works mainly in visible and infrared wavelengths with a detection range of 1.33 to 1.38. Through analysis of external RI changes, pore structure parameters, and silver mold thickness, the maximum sensitivity is 14800 nm/RIU, maximum amplitude sensitivity is

766.7008

R
I
U

−
1

, resolution is up to

6.7568

×

10

−
6

R
I
U

, and maximum figure of merit is 548.1481. The sensor is suitable for biomedicine, environmental monitoring, chemistry, and other fields.
Mode-division multiplexing phase-sensitive amplification for mode selective and mode equalized phase regenerative amplifications
Authors: Ye Baining , Du Jiangbing , Wang Zhaonian , Shen Weihong , Chen Xinyi , Guo Xiaojie , He Zuyuan 
Published: September 2021

In this work, mode-division multiplexing (MDM) phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) for all-optical mode selective and mode equalized phase regeneration is presented and investigated. MDM PSA relies on reasonable phase-matching conditions, which makes intramode four-wave mixing in the fiber much stronger than that of cross-mode. It enables multimode signals to interact mainly with the same spatial mode pumps and idlers. Thus, MDM signals can obtain synchronous phase regeneration and avoid cross talk with different mode signals. To achieve this, we designed an appropriate few-mode fiber by an inverse design method based on a neural network for obtaining the desired phase mismatch and low modal dispersion. The results show that effective phase regeneration can be achieved for the degraded 40 Gbit/s binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signals. For BPSK signals, error vector magnitudes (EVMs) of the regenerated signal on two modes are reduced from

−

8.013

d
B

and

−

8.068

d
B

to

−

24.867

d
B

, and

−

26.090

d
B

, respectively. For QPSK signals, the EVMs are reduced from

−

16.767

d
B

and

−

16.583

d
B

to

−

24.867

d
B

and

−

24.822

d
B

, respectively.
Disparities in childhood composite index of anthropometric failure prevalence and determinants across Ethiopian administrative zones
Authors: Fenta Haile Mekonnen , Zewotir Temesgen , Muluneh Essey Kebede 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe prevalence of under-five children’s undernutrition in Ethiopia is among the highest in the world. This study aimed at exploring the prevalence and risk factors of the composite index for anthropometric failure (CIAF) of under-five children in Ethiopia by incorporating the zonal (district) effects.MethodsThe data was drawn from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHSs), a population-based cross-sectional study of 29,599 under-five year children from 72 Zones in the years 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016. Fixed effect variables related to child and maternal-household were included in the model. We adopted a generalized mixed model with CIAF as outcome variable and Zones as random effects.ResultsThe prevalence of CIAF in Ethiopia was 53.78% with the highest prevalence of 61.30% in 2000 and the lowest prevalence of 46.58% in 2016. The model result revealed that being a female child, absence of comorbidity, singleton births, and the first order of birth showed significantly lower CIAF prevalence than their counterparts. Among the household characteristics, children from mothers of underweight body mass index, uneducated parents, poor household sanitation, and rural residents were more likely to be undernourished than their counterparts. Based on the best linear unbiased prediction for the zonal-level random effect, significant variations of CIAF among zones were observed.ConclusionThe generalized linear mixed-effects model results identified gender of the child, size of child at birth, dietary diversity, birth type, place of residence, age of the child, parental level of education, wealth index, sanitation facilities, and media exposure as main drivers of CIAF. Disparities of CIAF were observed between and within the Ethiopian administrative Zones over time.
Sub-therapeutic vasopressin but not therapeutic vasopressin improves gastrointestinal microcirculation in septic rats: A randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded trial
Authors: Schulz Jan , Bauer Inge , Herminghaus Anna , Picker Olaf , Truse Richard , Vollmer Christian 
Published: September 2021

Introduction
Sepsis impairs gastrointestinal microcirculation and it is hypothesized that this might increase patient’s mortality. Sub-therapeutic vasopressin improves gastric microcirculation under physiologic conditions whereas a therapeutic dosing regimen seems to be rather detrimental. However, the effects of sub-therapeutic vasopressin on gastrointestinal microcirculation in sepsis are largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted this trial to investigate the effect of sub-therapeutic as well as therapeutic vasopressin on gastrointestinal microcirculation in sepsis.

Methods
40 male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups. Colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP)-surgery was performed to establish mild or moderate sepsis. 24 hours after surgery, animals received either vasopressin with increasing dosages every 30 min (6.75, 13.5 (sub-therapeutic), 27 mU · kg-1 · h-1 (therapeutic)) or vehicle. Microcirculatory oxygenation (μHBO2) of the colon was recorded for 90 min using tissue reflectance spectrophotometry. Intestinal microcirculatory perfusion (total vessel density (TVD; mm/mm2) and perfused vessel density (PVD; mm/mm2)) were measured using incident dark field-Imaging at baseline and after 60 min.

Results
In mild as well as in moderate septic animals with vehicle-infusion intestinal μHbO2, TVD and PVD remained constant. In contrast, in moderate sepsis, sub-therapeutic vasopressin with 13.5 mU · kg-1 · h-1 elevated intestinal μHBO2 (+ 6.1 ± 5.3%; p < 0.05 vs. baseline) and TVD (+ 5.2 ± 3.0 mm/mm2; p < 0.05 vs. baseline). μHBO2, TVD and PVD were significantly increased compared to moderate sepsis alone. However, therapeutic vasopressin did not change intestinal microcirculation. In mild septic animals sub-therapeutic as well as therapeutic vasopressin had no relevant effect on gastrointestinal microcirculation. Systemic blood pressure remained constant in all groups.

Conclusion
Sub-therapeutic vasopressin improves gastrointestinal microcirculatory oxygenation in moderate sepsis without altering systemic blood pressure. This protective effect seems to be mediated by an enhanced microcirculatory perfusion and thereby increased oxygen supply. In contrast, therapeutic vasopressin did not show this beneficial effect.
A simpler screening tool for sarcopenia in surgical patients
Authors: Chaiwat Onuma , Wongyingsinn Mingkwan , Muangpaisan Weerasak , Chalermsri Chalobol , Siriussawakul Arunotai , Pramyothin Pornpoj , Thitisakulchai Poungkaew , Limpawattana Panita , Thanakiattiwibun Chayanan 
Published: September 2021

Background
Sarcopenia is defined as decreased skeletal muscle mass and muscle functions (strength and physical performance). Muscle mass is measured by specific methods, such as bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. However, the devices used for these methods are costly and are usually not portable. A simple tool to screen for sarcopenia without measuring muscle mass might be practical, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to design a simple screening tool and to validate its performance in screening for sarcopenia in older adult cancer patients scheduled for elective surgery.

Methods
Cancer surgical patients aged >60 years were enrolled. Their nutritional statuses were evaluated using the Mini Nutrition Assessment-Short Form. Sarcopenia was assessed using Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Four screening formulas with differing combinations of factors (muscle strength, physical performance, and nutritional status) were assessed. The validities of the formulas, compared with the AWGS definition, are presented as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under a receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results
Of 251 enrolled surgical patients, 84 (34%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Malnutrition (odds ratio [OR]: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.40–5.93); underweight status (OR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.06–7.43); and age increments of 5 years (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.41–2.24) were independent predictors of preoperative sarcopenia. The combination of low muscle strength and/or abnormal physical performance, plus malnutrition/risk of malnutrition had the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (81.0%, 78.4%, and 79.3%, respectively). This screening formula estimated the probability of sarcopenia with a positive predictive value of 65.4% and a negative predictive value of 89.1%.

Conclusion
Sarcopenia screening can be performed using a simple tool. The combination of low muscle strength and/or abnormal physical performance, plus malnutrition/risk of malnutrition, has the highest screening performance.
Microstructural evolution and properties of tungsten inert gas and fiber laser welded SUS445 ferritic stainless steel
Authors: Lu Ching-Wen , Wang Huei-Sen , Hsieh Chih-Chun , Wu Jie-Jyun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To determine the weldability of SUS445 ferritic stainless steel, two welding approaches, tungsten inert gas and fiber laser welding processes, were used and compared. After the welding processes, the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of the welds were investigated. In the weld fusion zones of these two welding approaches, different morphologies of the grains were obtained. No obvious precipitation formed in these zones. In the heat affected zone of the tungsten inert gas welds, more volume fraction and larger grain sizes of the Laves phase and larger matrix grains were observed, which significantly affected its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, in the heat affected zone of the fiber laser welds, only small amounts Laves phases and a relatively narrow matrix grain growth area were observed, which offers better corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.
Análisis discursivo de las cédulas de los expósitos del Hospicio de Oviedo (1752‒1782)
Authors: Menéndez Fernández Claudia Elena 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Oviedo Hospital was the main charity in charge of caring for foundlings in Asturias (Spain) between the 18th and the 20th century. Sometimes these children carried an identity card or document with them containing several pieces of information, such as their name or the confirmation of baptism. These were copied into the hospital register books (‘Foundling Records’). The identity cards are characterized by the repetition of a basic informative scheme and certain linguistic elements located in the area of ‘language of immediacy’. Taking this into account, the aim of this paper is to examine from the perspective of discourse analysis a corpus composed of 1.117 identity cards collected between 1752 and 1782 to determine if these documents are able to constitute by themselves a specific discursive tradition.
GhostiPy: An Efficient Signal Processing and Spectral Analysis Toolbox for Large Data
Authors: Chu Joshua P. , Kemere Caleb T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent technological advances have enabled neural recordings consisting of hundreds to thousands of channels. As the pace of these developments continues to grow rapidly, it is imperative to have fast, flexible tools supporting the analysis of neural data gathered by such large-scale modalities. Here we introduce GhostiPy (generalhubofspectraltechniquesinPython), a Python open source software toolbox implementing various signal processing and spectral analyses including optimal digital filters and time–frequency transforms. GhostiPy prioritizes performance and efficiency by using parallelized, blocked algorithms. As a result, it is able to outperform commercial software in both time and space complexity for high-channel count data and can handle out-of-core computation in a user-friendly manner. Overall, our software suite reduces frequently encountered bottlenecks in the experimental pipeline, and we believe this toolset will enhance both the portability and scalability of neural data analysis.
Patient, Provider, and Health Care System Characteristics Associated With Overuse in Bronchiolitis
Authors: Wolf Elizabeth R. , Richards Alicia , Lavallee Martin , Sabo Roy T. , Schroeder Alan R. , Schefft Matthew , Krist Alex H. 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESThe American Academy of Pediatrics recommends against the routine use of β-agonists, corticosteroids, antibiotics, chest radiographs, and viral testing in bronchiolitis, but use of these modalities continues. Our objective for this study was to determine the patient, provider, and health care system characteristics that are associated with receipt of low-value services.METHODSUsing the Virginia All-Payers Claims Database, we conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of children aged 0 to 23 months with bronchiolitis (code J21, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) in 2018. We recorded medications within 3 days and chest radiography or viral testing within 1 day of diagnosis. Using Poisson regression, we identified characteristics associated with each type of overuse.RESULTSFifty-six percent of children with bronchiolitis received ≥1 form of overuse, including 9% corticosteroids, 17% antibiotics, 20% β-agonists, 26% respiratory syncytial virus testing, and 18% chest radiographs. Commercially insured children were more likely than publicly insured children to receive a low-value service (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.30; P &lt; .0001). Children in emergency settings were more likely to receive a low-value service (aPR 1.24; 95% CI: 1.15–1.33; P &lt; .0001) compared with children in inpatient settings. Children seen in rural locations were more likely than children seen in cities to receive a low-value service (aPR 1.19; 95% CI: 1.11–1.29; P &lt; .0001).CONCLUSIONSOveruse in bronchiolitis remains common and occurs frequently in emergency and outpatient settings and rural locations. Quality improvement initiatives aimed at reducing overuse should include these clinical environments.
Wealthier is healthier? Healthier is wealthier? A comprehensive econometric analysis of the European countries
Authors: Açci Reyhan Cafri , Samut Pinar Kaya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Healthier people contribute more to the development of the economy. Besides, in a better economy, people have a better quality and healthier life. At this stage, one has to ask which one precedes the other: health or wealth? To find the answer, this study aims to investigate the causality relationship between health and inclusive wealth in the European countries for the period of 1990–2015. The causality between health and inclusive wealth scores, which are estimated by cluster and discriminant analyses, is investigated by the panel causality test. The research results indicate bidirectional causality between health and inclusive wealth. A one-way causality is detected in 11 cases as being from inclusive wealth to health and in 8 the other way. Furthermore, a two-way causality is found in 2 countries. Among the results, it is noteworthy that 91% of the countries with causality from inclusive wealth to health are among the healthy countries.
Stress tests in Hungarian banking after 2008
Authors: Pollák Zoltán , Popper Dávid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The 2008 crisis highlighted the importance of using stress tests in banking practice. The role of these stress tests is to identify and precisely estimate the effect of possible future changes in market conditions on capital adequacy and profitability. This paper seeks to show a possible methodology to calculate the stressed point-in-time probability of default (PD) parameter. The presented approach contains a linear autoregressive distributed lag model to determine the connection between the logit of default rates and the relevant macroeconomic factors, and uses migration matrices to calculate PDs from the forecasted default rates. The authors illustrate the applications of this methodology using the Hungarian real credit portfolio data.