bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interacciones segmentales y tonales en nominales poseídos del mixteco de Tulixtlahuaca
Authors: Becerra Roldán Braulio 
Published: August 2021

<p>Este artículo<a title="" href="#_ftn1">[1]</a> describe las interacciones fonológicas que ocurren entre nominales y enclíticos pronominales del mixteco de San Pedro Tulixtlahuaca, lengua otomangue que se habla en la región de la Costa Chica, en Oaxaca. Se llama construcciones N+E a los nominales poseídos en los que se observan las interacciones de las que se ocupa este trabajo y los resultados que se presentan se basan en la descripción de 688 de estas formas. Se verá que hay dos tipos de interacción; la primera es segmental y se presenta en secuencias vocálicas que surgen entre la vocal final de un nominal y la única vocal de un enclítico en construcciones N+E; la segunda es tonal y se da entre los tonos del nominal y los tonos del enclítico. Los hallazgos de la investigación mostrarán que el comportamiento de las secuencias vocálicas en construcciones N+E está determinada por la estructura silábica del nominal, el tipo de timbres vocálicos que conforman las secuencias, la categoría gramatical del enclítico pronominal y la presión que ejerce el tamaño de la palabra mínima en la adaptación de formas multimorfémicas que idealmente se ciñen a una estructura bimoraica. Con respecto a la interacción tonal, se señalará que los tonos de los enclíticos pueden modificar a los tonos del nominal, dependiendo de la manera en que se concatenen a la base y de los tonos específicos de cada elemento de las construcciones N+E. </p><div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p><a title="" href="#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Gracias al programa UNAM-PAPIIT IN404019, La complejidad paradigmática y tonal de las lenguas otomangues, por el apoyo recibido en la obtención de los datos para esta investigación, y a los revisores anónimos cuyas observaciones y comentarios enriquecieron y mejoraron la versión final de este trabajo.</p><p> </p></div></div><div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p> </p><p> </p></div></div>
STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF USING E-COMICS AS A MEDIA IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING
Authors: Safitri Yulinar , Mailizar Mailizar , Johar Rahmah 
Published: August 2021

The development of technology in education greatly influences learning strategies. Thus, teachers must adapt and present interesting and technology-based learning, such as e-comics. Therefore, the teacher must see in advance the extent to which students will accept e-comics for use in learning mathematics. This research aimed to determine students' perceptions of the use of e-comics as a media in mathematics learning. This research implemented a quantitative approach with a survey method. The samples were 124 students of Junior High Schools (SMP / MTs) in Aceh. The research data were obtained from questionnaires filled by students which were collected through the TAM (Technology Acceptance Models) framework which was distributed online. The results showed that students used e-comic as a learning media influenced by their perceived benefits and attitudes towards the use of e-comic. The perceived benefits of students' attitudes have a significant role in their behavioral intention to use e-comic in learning mathematics. This research implies that e-comics has the potential to be used as a media in mathematics learning, especially on material that is considered difficult so that it can attract students' attention.
Teaching Blockchain through Coding: Educating the Future Accounting Professional
Authors: Kaden Stacey R. , Lingwall Jeff W. , Shonhiwa Trevor T. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper presents the motivation, learning experiences, and practical concerns regarding implementing a code-based method to teach blockchain technology to accounting students. With 53 percent of companies reporting blockchain as a critical priority for their organization, accountants' work will be impacted (Deloitte 2019). Yet, most blockchain education for accountants appears to be limited to theoretical exercises removed from the technology itself. This article details how coding exercises can improve students' understanding of blockchain technology. Students in a graduate accounting data analytics class were introduced to blockchain through a series of scaffolded exercises that engaged them in writing blockchain code in R. Results from implementing this module in a medium-sized accounting program showed that using code-based methods to teach blockchain to accountants was feasible and instructive. We provide code examples and Teaching Notes for those who wish to implement a similar curriculum.
Clinical and Neuroimaging Changes of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis – Experience 30 Cases in Tertiary Care Center in Bangladesh
Authors: Kundu Gopen Kumar , Hossain Mohammad Monir 
Published: August 2021

Background: Subacute sclersing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a very rare progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease of the control nervous system of childhood and early adolescence. It is a slow virus disease caused by persistent defective measles virus infection of the brain
Objective: To see the clinical andneuro-imaging findings in children with Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, a tertiary care premier Postgraduate Medical Institution in Bangladesh. Thirty (30) Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) children were evaluated at paediatric neurology ward during the period January 2010 to December 2017. Diagnosis was based on typical clinical characteristic features, the presence of periodic discharges on EEG, demonstration of raised antibody titer against measles in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid Detected by ELISA in all patients.
Results: Total number of studied children were 30. Mean age was 10.2±3.1 year and Male female ratio was 5:1. Most of the patient arrived from poor socio-economic (83.33%) background of rural area (66.67%) of Bangladesh. Among them 46.67% had history of measles infection during early childhood. Progressive deterioration of school performance (50%), gait disturbance (70%), myoclonus (83%) dysarthria (43%) and Ocular manifestations like optic atrophy & papilledema (83.33%) were the main presenting feature of our studied children. All of the patients (100%) showed positive measles specific antibody IgG in CSF and On electroencephalographic findings showed periodic burst suppression in 90.90% cases. Most of the children (56.6%) were in stage II category and other 3.3%, 33.3%,6.6%, were stage I, stage III, stage IV category respectively. Neuroimaging study showed abnormalities in 45.83% cases included periventricular white matter hyper intense signal changes, cortical atrophy and ischaemic change.
Conclusion: In our study most of the SSPE patient were in stage II.About half of the patient had history of measles infection during early childhood. Neuroimaging abnormalities found in about half of the cases and majority cases were in stage II. Common neuroimaging abnormalities were periventricular white matter hyper intense signal changes and cortical atrophy.
Effect of Therapeutic Agents on Outcome of Different level of Progression of COVID-19 Infection in Pakistani Population
Authors: Memon Shoukat , Imtiaz Salman , Saeed Faiza , Alam Ashar , Salman Beena , Chughtai Javeria , Ahmed Shahzad , Tariq Sobia 
Published: August 2021

Background: Cytopathic effects of virus and cytokine release syndrome complicate acute respiratory distress syndrome and ultimately leads to multi-organ failure which can eventually culminate to mortality in COVID-19 patients. Many therapeutic agents have been tried from different aspects in desperation to control the unrestricted spread of virus, although the evidence of benefit was sparse.
Material and method: It is a retrospective cohort study of the treatment given to the patients admitted at Indus hospital Karachi from March 2020 to September 2020. In this study, we aim to evaluate therapeutic response of the treatment recommended in COVID-19 patients which included Methylprednisolone, Remdesivir, Tocilizumab and Hydroxychloroquine. We categorized the patients according to the CALL score (Comorbid, Age, Lymphocyte count, LDH) in to mild, moderate and at severe risk of progression of disease.
Results: Overall, out of 704 patients, 238(33.8%) patients died while 466(66.2%) survived. Least deaths were observed in low-risk group 30(12.6%) as compared to intermediate group 98(41.2%) and high risk patients 110(46.2%). In low, intermediate, and high risk groups, patients who didn’t receive treatment showed better recovery [61(95.3%) vs 90(76.9%)], [59(75.6%) vs 137(63.4)] and [31(63.3%) vs 88(48.9%)] respectively. Similarly, in Remdesivir group, the patients who did not receive the treatment showed good outcome [(132 (86.6%) vs15 (62.5%)], [164 (69.8%) vs 32 (54.2%)] and [103 (56.3%) vs 16 (34.8%)]. In the same way Tocilizumab [136 (86.6%) vs 15(62.5%)], [166 (72.5%) vs 30 (46.2%)] and [103 (57.9%) vs 16 (31.4%)]. Lastly, Hydroxychloroquine [133 (86.4%) vs 18 (66.7%)], [169 (67.3%) vs27 (62.8%)] and [102 (52%) vs17 (51.5%)]. Over none of the treatment showed any beneficial effect on hospital stay and mortality.
Conclusion: Therapeutic option for treatment is limited and that these drugs as currently used should no longer be considered viable treatment options for COVID-19. There is need of research in developing new therapeutic options.
Beliefs about Medicine and Antihypertensive Medication Adherence among Patients’ Attending a County Referral Hospital in Kenya
Authors: Otenyo S. O. , Kereri D. K. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Non-adherence with antihypertensive medication and lifestyle recommendations remains a serious problem in many developed and developing countries. Patient’s belief about medication has been consistently found to be a significant predictor of medication adherence in various studies.
Objective: To assess the relationship between hypertension medication beliefs and adherence to hypertension medication among patients attending a county referral hospital in Kenya.
Methods: A Quantitative research design, utilizing a simple random sampling method and a researcher administered structured questionnaire was adapted. Previously validated, Beliefs about Medication Questionnaire (BMQ) and the Morisky’s Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4) were utilized. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Chi square test and the Mann Whitney U test while multivariate data analysis was conducted using Binary logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results with p values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: Data from 96 participants, 55% female and 58% being over the age of 65 years were analyzed. 33.3% of the respondents had a high adherence level. None of the socio-demographic variables were found to be statistically significant to medication adherence using Chi square test analysis. Patients who had lower scores of concerns about medication were more likely to be adherents than their counter parts p=0.001 (OR=1.047; CI (1.019-1.076) likewise lower scores of general overuses predicted medication adherence p=0.001 (OR=1.069; CI=1.026-1.114).
Conclusion: Health workers should formulate interventions to reduce concerns regarding medication, in order to promote adherence as informed by the findings of this study.
Comparison of Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimated by Three Methods in a Pakistani Community Cohort
Authors: Alam Ashar , Iftikhar Sundus , Baig-Ansari Naila 
Published: August 2021

Background: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) has always been considered a better and more accurate method to assess kidney function as compared to serum creatinine. Various equations such as the Cockroft-Gault equation corrected for surface area (CG-CRTD), the four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (MDRD) and 2009 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI) have been derived to estimate GFR. In the South Asian region, the CKD-EPI equation has not been validated or compared with other equations. This study compares eGFR in a Pakistani community cohort calculated by all three equations.
Results: Serum creatinine was measured using Kinetic Colorimetric Assay in alkaline medium for 461 individuals age 15 and above. Less than half of the participants (47% by CG-CRTD, 40% by MDRD, 52% by CKD-EPI) had eGFR ³90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and for participants with eGFR ³120 ml/min per 1.73 m2 , the percentages were even lower (15%, 12%, and 22% respectively). All the equations were linearly associated with each other, but the error estimation depicted that majority of the individual differences were ≥5 and ≤-5, and very few were within ±1 indicating less degree of agreement between the formulas. Age was significantly but negatively correlated with all the three formulas in their classification of patients as per eGFR Conclusion: Our study found that the values of estimated GFR are on lower side for Pakistanis as compared to the western population. The equations available for estimation of GFR even though associated linearly with each other have significant individual differences. Thirdly, using eGFR to classify CKD should have a better consideration of physiological age-related decline in GFR. All of these findings necessitate having an adequately funded randomized study measuring true GFR of this population and at the same time validating eGFR equations to find the normal GFR ranges of South Asians.
Place of Middle Meatotomy in the Management of Rhinologic Chronic Sinusitis
Authors: Andriamampionona Ginnot B. , Razafimandimby M. R. , Rabarijaona A. D. , Rakotoarisoa A. H. N. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Middle meatotomy is an effective surgical technique in the management of chronic sinusitis rebels to medical treatment. It is an optimal therapeutic option in the face of a chronic sinusitis particularly of rhinological origin.
Patients and method: It is a descriptive retrospective study over an 11-year period from January 2009 to December 2019 at the service of Otolaryngology and Cervico-facial surgery (ORL-CCF) at the Andohatapenaka University Hospital Antananarivo Madagascar. Our study includes subjects who have benefited from an average meatotomy on chronic sinusitis.
Results: We collected 320 patients of average age of 33.78 years. Repetitive maxillary sinusitis and rhinogenic allergies are the determinants of chronic sinusitis. Nasal obstruction was the constant functional sign and anterior rhinoscopy revealed a red nasal mucosa with enlarged inferior turbinate. All of our patients received an incidence X-ray of Blondeau. The average meatotomy was achieved in all our patients and among them, a proportion of 12.50% of the cases operated at the same time of a medium meatotomy and opening of other meatus. Complementary turbinal surgery was used in 25% of cases.
Therapeutic efficacy was assessed subjectively by the subject’s functional signs. Favourable trends were reported in 75.30% of cases.
Conclusion: Chronic sinusitis is a naso-sinus condition requiring medical-surgical management. The middle meatotomy is the first step in the surgical management of chronic rhinological sinusitis rebellious to medical means.
Women who have sex with women’s experiences with healthcare system in low-income countries: qualitative findings from Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Saronga Happiness P. , Mbishi Jackline V. , Bakar Saidah S. , Kamazima Switbert R. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Women who have sex with women (WSW) have a right to access health care. Many studies have reported lower access to health services by sexual minorities in many parts of the world. This study explored WSW’s experiences in accessing health care in Tanzania with the intention of determining specific issues facing WSW when accessing health care services.
Methods: This study was cross-sectional descriptive, and retrospective conduced in Dar-es-Salaam region, the largest commercial city in Tanzania. Study population included WSW aged 18 years and above who met inclusion criteria. Data was collected using focus group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews (IDIs), observation, and life stories. Data analysis applied thematic analysis.
Results: Most WSW receive rightful health services from public and private health providers. However, transgender WSW face stigma, discrimination, and disrespect from some public health facilities. Private health care providers offer trust, privacy and confidentiality to WSW, although at a higher cost of services compared to public health facilities.
Conclusion: Negative experiences with care may discourage WSW from seeking care or fully disclosing health concerns to providers limiting the extent of services offered.
Pulmonary Artery Intimal Sarcoma Diagnosed as Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Abbood Ali , Al Salihi Hareer , Otegbeye Olatunji , Madruga Mario , Carlan S. J. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma (PAIS) is a rare malignancy of vasculature that carries a very poor prognosis that is often misdiagnosed as a pulmonary embolism due to overlapping clinical and radiological features. It is a very aggressive malignancy with surgery the mainstay of initial management. Chemotherapy is normally given postoperatively, although it is not clear if chemo and radiotherapy bring any improvement, some data report an increase in survival in patients who received multimodality therapy vs single therapy.
Case: A 48 year-old female was initially diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism based on clinical presentation and imaging. She was treated vigorously but continued to show no improvement after two weeks. She underwent an open thrombectomy and a large concurrent pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma (PAIS) was found. The mass was adherent to the intima and extended into the left and right pulmonary arteries. The tumor was not fully resected and tissue results showed poorly differentiated sarcoma. A treatment plan was then initiated to include systemic chemotherapy. She developed metastatic disease despite receiving multimodal therapy and died with within 2 years from the initial diagnosis.
Conclusion: Persistent symptoms in patients diagnosed and treated adequately for pulmonary artery thrombosis should indicate a possible comorbid condition including sarcoma. This is particularly the case in the older age group with imaging that suggests central embolism despite treatment.
Hemodialysis Catheter-related Infections: Incidence, Microbiology and Outcome 5 years of Dubai Hospital Experience
Authors: Yousif Salem Hussein , Ahmed Maseer , Gulzar Kashif , Alalawi Fakhriya , Alhadari Amna 
Published: August 2021

Background: The central venous catheters (CVC) has recently become a worldwide commonest technique for vascular access, however; prone to infection and associated with other complications more than other vascular access techniques, such as fistula or graft.
Objective: To investigate the incidence, the types of micro-organism, the most sensitive and suitable antibiotics, the outcomes associated with CVC infection in chronic hemodialysis patients treated through tunneled CVC.in a single-center population.
Methods: The records of hemodialysis patients from January 2012 to December 2016 were reviewed. Patients above 14 years of age, on hemodialysis via a permanent tunneled catheter at any time of the mentioned period, were included. The rate of CRBSI (Catheter-Related Blood Stream Infections) was calculated as density of incidence and reported per 1000 catheter days. Patient mortality was recorded.
Results: In 5 years, a total of 73 episodes of CRBSI in 49 hemodialysis patients were recorded. 59.2% were male with a mean age of 53.57 years. 40.8% had end-stage kidney disease secondary to diabetic nephropathy. In all, 67.3% episodes grew Gram-positive isolates, among those staphylococci epidermidis (26.4%, n=19) and staphylococci aureus (25%, n=18) were the most common organism, whereas Klebsiella pneumonia (8.3%, n=6), Enterobacter cloacae (8.3%, n=6), pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.5%, n=4) and E.coli (5.5%, n=4) were the most common Gram-negative isolates. A total of 6 isolates were multidrug-resistant, which includes Klebsiella pneumonia, Citrobacter, and E. coli. Only 1 out of 18 staphylococci aureus cases were methicillin-resistant and 21% (n=6) of Gram-negative isolates were Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms. The average hospital stay was 9 days (2-30 days). The hemodialysis catheter was removed for 19 (38.77%) patients and 4 (8.1%) patients expired due to septic shock despite catheter removal and being on appropriate antibiotics.
Conclusion: The mainstay to reduce CRBSI would be ideal to avoid catheters or decrease the duration of catheters. This can be achieved through more aggressive counseling and fast-track protocols for AV Fistulae creation at the pre-dialysis stage.
Potential Energy Production from Biogas Economically and Environmental Profitable. Case Study: Establishing a Batch Digester in “Fogi” Farm
Authors: Prifti Holta , Floqi Tania , Mico Mirel 
Published: August 2021

Recently the use of biomass for biogas production is very limited in Albania. According to data acquistion from the study, the highest share in the entire structure of urban solid waste is that of organic waste 41-61.2%.
A large part of these waste are bio digestible and can used for production or utilized as potential substrate in anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, a renewable source of energy and environment friendly too.
Live stocks waste and especially cow manure farms are concerned in this study because there are a high number 11813 of them are spread all over Albania. In addition, the amount of cow manure exceeds 37,693.92 ton/year.
In this case study is presented a cow farm located near Tirana, capital city of Albania with 200 cow heads which in the future will become 700 cow heads. The total amount of cow manure produced in this farm is 1825 ton/year, a considerable quantity of manure available for biogas production.
This paper presents the type of digester, calculation of the biogas production yield, the optained energy, the pay back period of the initial investment and the net present value of this farm batcher digestor.