bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The operator system of Toeplitz matrices
Authors: Farenick Douglas 
Published: November 2021

A recent paper of A. Connes and W.D. van Suijlekom [Comm. Math. Phys. 383 (2021), pp. 2021–2067] identifies the operator system of

n
×
n

n\times n

Toeplitz matrices with the dual of the space of all trigonometric polynomials of degree less than

n
n

. The present paper examines this identification in somewhat more detail by showing explicitly that the Connes–van Suijlekom isomorphism is a unital complete order isomorphism of operator systems. Applications include two special results in matrix analysis: (i) that every positive linear map of the

n
×
n

n\times n

complex matrices is completely positive when restricted to the operator subsystem of Toeplitz matrices and (ii) that every linear unital isometry of the

n
×
n

n\times n

Toeplitz matrices into the algebra of all

n
×
n

n\times n

complex matrices is a unitary similarity transformation.

An operator systems approach to Toeplitz matrices yields new insights into the positivity of block Toeplitz matrices, which are viewed herein as elements of tensor product spaces of an arbitrary operator system with the operator system of

n
×
n

n\times n

complex Toeplitz matrices. In particular, it is shown that min and max positivity are distinct if the blocks themselves are Toeplitz matrices, and that the maximally entangled Toeplitz matrix

ξ
n

\xi _n

generates an extremal ray in the cone of all continuous

n
×
n

n\times n

Toeplitz-matrix valued functions

f
f

on the unit circle

S
1

S^1

whose Fourier coefficients

f
^

(
k
)

\hat f(k)

vanish for

|

k

|

≥
n

|k|\geq n

. Lastly, it is noted that all positive Toeplitz matrices over nuclear C

∗

^*

-algebras are approximately separable.
Pharmacotherapy for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease
Authors: Velagapudi Manasa , Sanley Michael J , Ased Sumaya , Destache Chris , Malesker Mark A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To provide an updated review of the diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) and summarize guideline recommendations for an interdisciplinary treatment approach.

Summary
A systemic approach was taken in which all articles in English in MEDLINE and PubMed were reviewed. The US National Library of Medicine's DailyMed database was used to assess drug package inserts. Analysis of NTM treatment guidelines is summarized in the article with a focus on medications, dosing, interactions, and medication monitoring.

Conclusion
It is critical to manage patients with NTM with a multidisciplinary team approach. Treatment is prolonged and expensive, and the potential for drug toxicity, adverse effects, and drug interactions requires monitoring. Clinical pharmacists play a role in the management of NTM.
Letter to the Editor: on the stability and internal consistency of component-wise sparse mixture regression-based clustering
Authors: Zhang Bo , He Jianghua , Hu Jinxiang , Koestler Devin C , Chalise Prabhakar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between molecular markers and a phenotype of interest is often obfuscated by patient-level heterogeneity. To address this challenge, Chang et al. recently published a novel method called Component-wise Sparse Mixture Regression (CSMR), a regression-based clustering method that promises to detect heterogeneous relationships between molecular markers and a phenotype of interest under high-dimensional settings. In this Letter to the Editor, we raise awareness to several issues concerning the assessment of CSMR in Chang et al., particularly its assessment in settings where the number of features, P, exceeds the study sample size, N, and advocate for additional metrics/approaches when assessing the performance of regression-based clustering methodologies.
Graph2MDA: a multi-modal variational graph embedding model for predicting microbe–drug associations
Authors: Deng Lei , Huang Yibiao , Liu Xuejun , Liu Hui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMotivationAccumulated clinical studies show that microbes living in humans interact closely with human hosts, and get involved in modulating drug efficacy and drug toxicity. Microbes have become novel targets for the development of antibacterial agents. Therefore, screening of microbe–drug associations can benefit greatly drug research and development. With the increase of microbial genomic and pharmacological datasets, we are greatly motivated to develop an effective computational method to identify new microbe–drug associations.ResultsIn this article, we proposed a novel method, Graph2MDA, to predict microbe–drug associations by using variational graph autoencoder (VGAE). We constructed multi-modal attributed graphs based on multiple features of microbes and drugs, such as molecular structures, microbe genetic sequences and function annotations. Taking as input the multi-modal attribute graphs, VGAE was trained to learn the informative and interpretable latent representations of each node and the whole graph, and then a deep neural network classifier was used to predict microbe–drug associations. The hyperparameter analysis and model ablation studies showed the sensitivity and robustness of our model. We evaluated our method on three independent datasets and the experimental results showed that our proposed method outperformed six existing state-of-the-art methods. We also explored the meaning of the learned latent representations of drugs and found that the drugs show obvious clustering patterns that are significantly consistent with drug ATC classification. Moreover, we conducted case studies on two microbes and two drugs and found 75–95% predicted associations have been reported in PubMed literature. Our extensive performance evaluations validated the effectiveness of our proposed method.Availability and implementationSource codes and preprocessed data are available at https://github.com/moen-hyb/Graph2MDA.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Bail-out intravascular lithotripsy for severe stent underexpansion during primary angioplasty: a case report
Authors: Ciardetti Niccolò , Ristalli Francesca , Nardi Giulia , Di Mario Carlo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Intravascular lithotripsy is safe and effective for the treatment of de novo coronary artery calcifications. Its bail-out use in acute coronary syndrome and for underexpanded stents, although currently off-label, could be the best option when other conventional techniques fail.

Case summary
A patient with an inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction underwent a primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Stent underexpansion due to a heavily calcified lesion was refractory to high-pressure balloon dilatations. Complete stent expansion was achieved with intravascular lithotripsy, as evidenced by intravascular ultrasound, and no acute complications occurred.

Discussion
Treatment strategies for stent underexpansion due to coronary artery calcifications are still debated. High-pressure non-compliant balloon dilatations are rarely sufficient to gain a complete stent expansion. Rotational and orbital atherectomy are contraindicated in presence of a thrombus. Given the possible risks of stent damages, intravascular lithotripsy is currently not indicated in acutely deployed stents but could be the best bail-out technique for otherwise undilatable stents due to severely calcified plaques.
Cardiac rehabilitation for patients with heart failure: association with readmission and mortality risk
Authors: Thygesen Lau Caspar , Zinckernagel Line , Dalal Hasnain , Egstrup Kenneth , Glümer Charlotte , Grønbæk Morten , Holmberg Teresa , Køber Lars , la Cour Karen , Nakano Anne , Nielsen Claus Vinther , Sibilitz Kirstine Lærum , Tolstrup Janne Schurmann , Zwisler Ann Dorthe , Taylor Rod S 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsTo examine the temporal trends and factors associated with national cardiac rehabilitation (CR) referral and compare the risk of hospital readmission and mortality in those referred for CR versus no referral.Methods and resultsThis cohort study includes all adult patients alive 120 days from incident heart failure (HF) identified by the Danish Heart Failure Registry (n = 33 257) between 2010 and 2018. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between CR referral and patient factors and acute all-cause hospital readmission and mortality at 1 year following HF admission. Overall, 46.7% of HF patients were referred to CR, increasing from 31.7% in 2010 to 52.2% in 2018. Several factors were associated with lower odds of CR referral: male sex [odds ratio (OR): 0.85; 95% confidence interval: 0.80–0.89], older age, unemployment, retirement, living alone, non-Danish ethnic origin, low educational level, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV vs. I (OR: 0.75; 0.60–0.95), left ventricular ejection fraction &gt;40%, and comorbidity (stroke, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation/flutter, and diabetes). Myocardial infarction, arthritis, coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous coronary intervention, valvular surgery, NYHA class II, and use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were associated with higher odds of CR referral. CR referral was associated with lower risk of acute all-cause readmission (OR: 0.92; 0.87–0.97) and all-cause mortality (OR: 0.65; 0.58–0.72).ConclusionAlthough increased over time, only one in two HF patients in Denmark were referred to CR in 2018. Strategies are needed to reduce referral disparities, focusing on subgroups of patients at highest risk of non-referral.
Homelessness, Disability and Education in Delphine de Vigan’s Coming-of-Age Narrative No et moi
Authors: Tribout-Joseph Sarah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Delphine de Vigan’s No et moi is a coming-of-age narrative which textually re-enacts the marginalization of the homeless No as her voice is appropriated into the first-person narrative of the precocious middle-class thirteen-year-old Lou, who persuades her parents to take No into their home. I argue that the marginalization of issues about social exclusion is systematically reinforced by the school system. Although No et moi features on literature syllabuses for both the baccalauréat in France and A Level in the UK, the text itself highlights a lack of pupil engagement with the school programme and challenges the privileging of abstract knowledge over self-development and engagement with contemporary social issues. I argue that the text makes a contribution to Disability Studies and is representative of Alexandre Gefen’s therapeutic turn in twenty-first-century French literature, whereby empathy and care for others can help us overcome our own disabilities and challenges, in this case what presents as autism.
Can Automated Vehicles Be Useful to Persons Living With Dementia? The Perspectives of Care Partners of People Living With Dementia
Authors: Haghzare Shabnam , Delfi Ghazaleh , Stasiulis Elaine , Mohamud Hodan , Dove Erica , Rapoport Mark J , Naglie Gary , Mihailidis Alex , Campos Jennifer L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Driving cessation is a complex challenge with significant emotional and health implications for people with dementia, which also affects their family care partners. Automated vehicles (AVs) could potentially be used to delay driving cessation and its adverse consequences for people with dementia and their care partners. Yet, no study to date has investigated whether care partners consider AVs to be potentially useful for people with dementia.

Research Design and Methods
This mixed-methods study assessed the views of 20 former or current family care partners of people with dementia on AV use by people with dementia. Specifically, questionnaires and semistructured interviews were used to examine care partners’ acceptance of AV use by people with dementia and their views about the potential usefulness of AVs for people with dementia.

Results
The results demonstrated that care partners identified possible benefits of AV use by people with dementia such as their anticipated higher social participation. However, care partners also voiced major concerns around AV use by people with dementia and reported significantly lower levels of trust in and perceived safety of AVs if used by the person with dementia in their care compared to themselves. Care partners’ concerns about AV use by people with dementia included concerns around the driving of people with dementia that AVs are not designed to address; concerns that are specific to AVs but are not relevant to the nonautomated driving of people with dementia; and concerns that arise from existing challenges around the nonautomated driving of people with dementia but may be exacerbated by AV use.

Discussion and Implications
Findings from this study can inform future designs of AVs that are more accessible and useful for people with dementia.
Friends in the Profession: Rebel Leaders, International Social Networks, and External Support for Rebellion
Authors: Huang Reyko , Silverman Daniel , Acosta Benjamin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhat drives foreign state support for rebel organizations? While scholars have examined the geopolitical and organizational factors that fuel foreign support, the role of rebel leaders in this process remains understudied. In this article, we propose that rebel leaders’ personal backgrounds shape their ability to obtain foreign support during conflict. In particular, we argue that rebel leaders with significant prior international experiences—including study abroad, work abroad, military training abroad, and exile—are at an advantage in securing wartime external support for their organizations. These experiences provide opportunities for would-be rebel leaders to interact with a multitude of foreign individuals who may later enter politics or otherwise gain prominence in their respective societies, allowing them to build interpersonal social networks across borders. Such networks offer key points of contact when rebel leaders later seek foreign backing. We test this theory using data from the new Rebel Organization Leaders (ROLE) database, finding robust support for our argument as well as the broader role of rebel leader attributes in explaining external support. Our results underscore the value of incorporating individual leaders and their social networks more squarely into the study of modern war.
[W]hat Lies Beneath: Using Latent Networks to Improve Spatial Predictions
Authors: Dorff Cassy , Gallop Max , Minhas Shahryar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpatial interdependencies commonly drive the spread of violence in civil conflict. To address such interdependence, scholars often use spatial lags to model the diffusion of violence, but this requires an explicit operationalization of the connectivity matrices that represent the spread of conflict. Unfortunately, in many cases, there are multiple competing processes that facilitate the spread of violence making it difficult to identify the true data-generating process. We show how a network-driven methodology can allow us to account for the spread of violence, even in the cases where we cannot directly measure the factors that drive diffusion. To do so, we estimate a latent connectivity matrix that captures a variety of possible diffusion patterns. We use this procedure to study intrastate conflict in eight conflict-prone countries and show how our framework enables substantially better predictive performance than canonical spatial-lag measures. We also investigate the circumstances under which canonical spatial lags suffice and those under which a latent network approach is beneficial.
Risky business: a scoping review for communicating results of predictive models between providers and patients
Authors: Walsh Colin G , McKillop Mollie M , Lee Patricia , Harris Joyce W , Simpson Christopher , Novak Laurie Lovett 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveGiven widespread excitement around predictive analytics and the proliferation of machine learning algorithms that predict outcomes, a key next step is understanding how this information is—or should be—communicated with patients.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a scoping review informed by PRISMA-ScR guidelines to identify current knowledge and gaps in this domain.ResultsTen studies met inclusion criteria for full text review. The following topics were represented in the studies, some of which involved more than 1 topic: disease prevention (N = 5/10, 50%), treatment decisions (N = 5/10, 50%), medication harms reduction (N = 1/10, 10%), and presentation of cardiovascular risk information (N = 5/10, 50%). A single study included 6- and 12-month clinical outcome metrics.DiscussionAs predictive models are increasingly published, marketed by industry, and implemented, this paucity of relevant research poses important gaps. Published studies identified the importance of (1) identifying the most effective source of information for patient communications; (2) contextualizing risk information and associated design elements based on users’ needs and problem areas; and (3) understanding potential impacts on risk factor modification and behavior change dependent on risk presentation.ConclusionAn opportunity remains for researchers and practitioners to share strategies for effective selection of predictive algorithms for clinical practice, approaches for educating clinicians and patients in effectively using predictive data, and new approaches for framing patient-provider communication in the era of artificial intelligence.
Varied diets: implications for lamb performance, rumen characteristics, total antioxidant status, and welfare
Authors: Garrett Konagh , Beck Matthew R , Marshall Cameron J , Maxwell Thomas M R , Logan Chris M , Greer Andrew W , Gregorini Pablo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntensive pastoral systems have moved away from diverse and varied diets towards overly simple monotonous diets. Feed choice through time is an obsolete way of providing forage to animals, as intensive management schemes generally allocate a single herbage or a dyad mixed sward. Monotonous feeding regimes impose nutritional repetition, which may impair animal performance and welfare. The objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of a diverse diet [DIV; free choice from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) at all times], a varied diet [VAR; choice from ryegrass and plantain in the AM (0700–1600 h), and chicory and alfalfa in PM (1600–0700 h)], and a single forage diet of alfalfa [SFA; alfalfa at all times], on DMI, performance, and welfare of lambs. Six-month-old Coopworth ram lambs (n = 21) were offered their respective fresh-forage treatment (n = 7) diet indoors for 20 d. The DIV lambs consumed 1.64 ± 0.03 kg DM/d (mean ± SEm), which was 6% more (P &lt; 0.05; 1.54 ± 0.03 kg DM/d) than the SFA and were not different (P &gt; 0.05; 1.59 ± 0.03 kg DM/d) to the VAR lambs. Average daily gain (ADG) of DIV (296 g/d) and VAR (378 g/d) was 30% and 67% greater (P &lt; 0.05) than that in the SFA lambs (227 g/d), respectively. The VAR lambs had 28% greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADG than the DIV lambs. Differences among treatments were detected (P &lt; 0.05) for the proportion of the day spent conducting the following behaviors: eating, ruminating, idling, lying, and standing. In addition, the number of bouts of stereotypic behaviors recorded from the SFA lambs (13.2 ± 2.2) was 150% greater (P &lt; 0.05) than the DIV (5.1 ± 1.0) and VAR (5.5 ± 1.0) lambs. Our results suggest that the varied diet offered can improve animal performance and welfare compared to a monotonous SFA diet. Feeding management to provide a varied diet can improve performance relative to giving lambs free choice from taxonomically diverse forage options. Moreover, performance is affected by more than the primary chemical composition of the diet consumed, but how the diet is presented through time and the herbage species and quantities of each that are consumed to reach that chemical composition.
Pre-Colonial Religious Institutions and Development: Evidence through a Military Coup
Authors: Malik Adeel , Mirza Rinchan Ali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper offers a novel illustration of the political economy of religion by examining the impact of religious elites on development. We compile a unique database on holy Muslim shrines across Pakistani Punjab and construct a historical panel of literacy spanning over a century (1901–2011). Using the 1977 military takeover as a universal shock that gave control over public goods to politicians, our difference-in-differences analysis shows that areas with a greater concentration of shrines experienced a substantially retarded growth in literacy after the coup. Our results suggest that the increase in average literacy rate would have been higher by 13% in the post-coup period in the absence of shrine influence. We directly address the selection concern that shrines might be situated in areas predisposed to lower literacy expansion. Finally, we argue that the coup devolved control over public goods to local politicians, and shrine elites, being more averse to education since it undermines their power, suppressed its expansion in shrine-dense areas.
Real-time evaluation of glioblastoma growth in patient-specific zebrafish xenografts
Authors: Almstedt Elin , Rosén Emil , Gloger Marleen , Stockgard Rebecka , Hekmati Neda , Koltowska Katarzyna , Krona Cecilia , Nelander Sven 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of glioblastoma (GBM) are a central tool for neuro-oncology research and drug development, enabling the detection of patient-specific differences in growth, and in vivo drug response. However, existing PDX models are not well suited for large-scale or automated studies. Thus, here, we investigate if a fast zebrafish-based PDX model, supported by longitudinal, AI-driven image analysis, can recapitulate key aspects of glioblastoma growth and enable case-comparative drug testing.

Methods
We engrafted 11 GFP-tagged patient-derived GBM IDH wild-type cell cultures (PDCs) into 1-day-old zebrafish embryos, and monitored fish with 96-well live microscopy and convolutional neural network analysis. Using light-sheet imaging of whole embryos, we analyzed further the invasive growth of tumor cells.

Results
Our pipeline enables automatic and robust longitudinal observation of tumor growth and survival of individual fish. The 11 PDCs expressed growth, invasion and survival heterogeneity, and tumor initiation correlated strongly with matched mouse PDX counterparts (Spearman R = 0.89, p &lt; 0.001). Three PDCs showed a high degree of association between grafted tumor cells and host blood vessels, suggesting a perivascular invasion phenotype. In vivo evaluation of the drug marizomib, currently in clinical trials for GBM, showed an effect on fish survival corresponding to PDC in vitro and in vivo marizomib sensitivity.

Conclusions
Zebrafish xenografts of GBM, monitored by AI methods in an automated process, present a scalable alternative to mouse xenograft models for the study of glioblastoma tumor initiation, growth, and invasion, applicable to patient-specific drug evaluation.