bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elimination of fosfomycin during dialysis with the Genius system in septic patients
Authors: Dimski T. , Brandenburger T. , Janczyk M. , Slowinski T. , MacKenzie C. , Kindgen-Milles D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo assess fosfomycin (FOS) elimination in patients with sepsis and acute kidney injury (AKI) undergoing slow-extended daily dialysis (SLEDD) with the Genius system in a prospective observational study. After ethics committee approval ten patients with sepsis and AKI stage 3 underwent daily SLEDD sessions of eight hours. FOS was applied i.v. at doses of 3 × 5 g per day. FOS serum levels were measured pre- and post hemofilter before, during, and after SLEDD sessions, and instantaneous clearance was calculated. In five of the patients, we analyzed FOS levels after the first dose, in the other five patients serum levels were measured during ongoing therapy. FOS was eliminated rapidly via the hemofilter. FOS clearance decreased from 152 ± 10 mL/min (start of SLEED session) to 43 ± 38 mL/min (end of SLEDD session). In 3/5 first-dose patients after 4–6 h of SLEDD the FOS serum level fell below the EUCAST breakpoint of 32 mg/L for Enterobacterales and Staphylococcus species. In all patients with ongoing fosfomycin therapy serum levels were high and above the breakpoint at all times. FOS toxicity or adverse effects were not observed. FOS serum concentrations exhibit wide variability in critically ill patients with sepsis and AKI. FOS is eliminated rapidly during SLEDD. A loading dose of 5 g is not sufficient to achieve serum levels above the EUCAST breakpoint for common bacteria in all patients, considering that T > MIC > 70% of the dosing interval indicates sufficient plasma levels. We thus recommend a loading dose of 8 g followed by a maintenance dose of 5 g after a SLEDD session in anuric patients. We strongly recommend therapeutic drug monitoring of FOS levels in critically ill patients with AKI and dialysis therapy.
Cooperation and competition between pair and multi-player social games in spatial populations
Authors: Szolnoki Attila , Chen Xiaojie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe conflict between individual and collective interests is in the heart of every social dilemmas established by evolutionary game theory. We cannot avoid these conflicts but sometimes we may choose which interaction framework to use as a battlefield. For instance some people like to be part of a larger group while other persons prefer to interact in a more personalized, individual way. Both attitudes can be formulated via appropriately chosen traditional games. In particular, the prisoner’s dilemma game is based on pair interaction while the public goods game represents multi-point interactions of group members. To reveal the possible advantage of a certain attitude we extend these models by allowing players not simply to change their strategies but also let them to vary their attitudes for a higher individual income. We show that both attitudes could be the winner at a specific parameter value. Interestingly, however, the subtle interplay between different states may result in a counterintuitive evolutionary outcome where the increase of the multiplication factor of public goods game drives the population to a fully defector state. We point out that the accompanying pattern formation can only be understood via the multipoint or multi-player interactions of different microscopic states where the vicinity of a particular state may influence the relation of two other competitors.
Long-term outcome of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for pachychoroid neovasculopathy
Authors: Yoon Jihyun , Yoon Wontae , Na Seung kwan , Lee Jihyun , Kim Chul Gu , Kim Jong Woo , Cho Han Joo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo compare the long-term effectiveness of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy/aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization (PCV/AT1), and typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Forty-one eyes with PNV, 68 eyes with PCV/AT1, and 56 eyes with typical nAMD were retrospectively included for analysis. All patients were treatment-naïve and received a three-monthly loading injection of anti-VEGF, followed by further injections, as required. The visual and anatomical outcomes after treatment were evaluated up to 36 months from baseline. No significant intergroup difference was found in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and changes in central foveal thickness at 12, 24, and 36 months after the baseline. In addition, no significant difference was found between the groups regarding the proportions of improved or worsened (increased or decreased more than 3-lines) visual acuity. However, the PNV group participants received significantly fewer anti-VEGF injections (11.7 ± 6.9) than those in the PCV/AT1 (12.4 ± 7.0; P = 0.031) and typical nAMD groups (13.2 ± 7.4; P = 0.016). The incidence of macular atrophy (MA) development was also significantly lower for the PNV (4/41 eyes, 9.8%) than the typical nAMD (15/56 eyes, 26.8%; P = 0.033) eyes. There was no significant difference between PNV, PCV/AT1, and typical nAMD regarding visual acuity improvement after anti-VEGF treatment over 36 months. However, the number of injections for PNV was significantly lower compared to that for PCV/AT1 and typical nAMD, and the incidence of MA development was significantly lower than in typical nAMD.
Convergent NMDA receptor—Pannexin1 signaling pathways regulate the interaction of CaMKII with Connexin-36
Authors: Siu Ryan C. F. , Kotova Anna , Timonina Ksenia , Zoidl Christiane , Zoidl Georg R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCa2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) binding and phosphorylation of mammalian connexin-36 (Cx36) potentiate electrical coupling. To explain the molecular mechanism of how Cx36 modifies plasticity at gap junctions, we investigated the roles of ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and pannexin1 (Panx1) channels in regulating Cx36 binding to CaMKII. Pharmacological interference and site-directed mutagenesis of protein interaction sites shows that NMDA receptor activation opens Cx36 channels, causing the Cx36- CaMKII binding complex to adopt a compact conformation. Ectopic Panx1 expression in a Panx1 knock-down cell line is required to restore CaMKII mediated opening of Cx36. Furthermore, blocking of Src-family kinase activation of Panx1 is sufficient to prevent the opening of Cx36 channels. Our research demonstrates that the efficacy of Cx36 channels requires convergent calcium-dependent signaling processes in which activation of ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, Src-family kinase, and Pannexin1 open Cx36. Our results add to the best of our knowledge a new twist to mounting evidence for molecular communication between these core components of electrical and chemical synapses.
Organizational Aspects and Outcomes of a Hearing Screening Program Among First-Grade Children in the Mazovian Region of Poland
Authors: Skarżyński Piotr Henryk , Świerniak Weronika , Gos Elżbieta , Gocel Maria , Skarżyński Henryk 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to describe and assess a hearing screening program of first-grade children in Poland. The program aimed to detect hearing disorders and increase awareness among parents of hearing problems.

Method
A hearing screening program was conducted in all elementary schools of the biggest region in Poland. A total of 34,618 first-graders were screened. The hearing screening protocol included video otoscopy and pure-tone audiometry. The program also included an information campaign directed to the local community and educational meetings between parents and medical staff.

Results
The estimated prevalence of hearing loss was 11%. Unilateral hearing loss was more common than bilateral hearing loss. Mild hearing loss was more frequent than moderate (or worse) hearing loss. In otoscopy, the most common positive result was otitis media with effusion. Parents and medical staff took part in 1,608 educational meetings, broadening the parents' knowledge of how to care for hearing.

Conclusions
A hearing screening program not only provides data on the prevalence of childhood hearing problems but is also an avenue for providing the local community with valuable knowledge about how to care for hearing. This study demonstrated the importance for systematic monitoring of children's hearing status and of increasing awareness among parents and teachers of the significance of hearing loss. The hearing screening of children starting school should become a standard part of school health care programs.
Disability in Speech and Hearing Sciences: Reflections on Representation
Authors: Donaldson Amy L. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This article reflects on a diversity and equity view of disability and offers a perspective on the representation of disability within speech and hearing sciences in terms of membership, research, and pedagogy.

Conclusions
All areas of representation can be improved to support American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's strategic objectives of increasing diversity of membership and improving cultural competence. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association is encouraged to collect data regarding disability status to inform understanding of disability representation and potentially increase positive exposure, retention, and recruitment of disabled professionals. Research can be impacted through use of participatory models and focusing on community experiences, diversity issues, and increased understanding of the impact of ableism on clinical practice. Finally, curriculum specific to disability issues is needed to support students' understanding of the variability inherent within the disability community and their role as clinicians in partnering with the disability community.
Tackling Burnout in the School Setting: Practical Tips for School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Marante Leesa , Farquharson Kelly 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
School-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are responsible for providing services to about 55% of students with disabilities in the school setting across the nation. A shortage of qualified school-based SLPs continues to persist in the United States. Research has aimed to identify factors that lead to diminished career intentions, occupational stress, and ultimately, job burnout. However, there is a dearth of literature regarding the prevention of job burnout in the school setting. In this tutorial, we provide school-based SLPs with strategies that aim to reduce and prevent burnout symptoms related to occupational stress and satisfaction. We (a) define and describe burnout, (b) discuss the possible stressors and job-related challenges that are within SLPs' control of change, (c) provide evidence-based strategies that may alleviate occupational stress related to workload factors before and after burnout has occurred, and (d) provide examples of ways to advocate within the profession.

Conclusions
SLPs are encouraged to make minor adjustments in their work settings. Suggested strategies include recognizing overwhelm, incorporating broader and workload-specific changes to daily routines, and engaging in advocacy efforts. Two resources, one for evaluation and another for consolidating information about a caseload, are provided.
Performance of cache placement using supervised learning techniques in mobile edge networks
Authors: Mohammed Lubna , Anpalagan Alagan , Khwaja Ahmed S. , Jaseemuddin Muhammad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the growth of mobile data traffic in wireless networks, caches are used to bring data closer to mobile users and to minimise the traffic load on macro base station (MBS). Storing data in caches on user terminals (UTs) and small base stations (SBSs) faces challenges with respect to the decision of cache contents. Here, a multi‐objective cache content strategy that aims to maximise the cache hit rate of SBSs in mobile edge networks (MENs) is proposed. The multi‐objective cache placement optimisation is formulated as a classification problem. Unlike previous work, mobility input attributes such as user locations, contact duration, communication ranges, contact probability between UTs and SBSs, etc. as well as content popularity and the correlation between these input attributes separating the decision space into two regions of cache and not cache are used. Stochastic gradient descent algorithm is used for the training of three supervised machine learning techniques: artificial neural network ANN, support vector machine (SVM), and logistic regression LR to define the hyperplane that separates the cache content decision space. Simulation results show that compared with the weighted‐sum approach, the SBSs cache hit rates increase on the average by 18.58%, 18.52%, and 18.2%, and the total energy consumption values decrease on the average by 33.49%, 53.19%, and 49.9% for ANN, SVM, and LR, respectively.
An Improved, Scalable Synthesis of the Selective Serotonin 2A Receptor Agonist 25CN-NBOH
Authors: Kristensen Jesper L. , Märcher-Rørsted Emil , Nykodemová Jitka 
Published: June 2021

Abstract4-{2-[(2-hydroxybenzyl)amino]ethyl}-2,5-dimethoxybenzo­nitrile (25CN-NBOH) was first reported as a potent and highly selective serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist in 2014. The compound has since found extensive use as a pharmacological tool in a variety of in vivo and in vitro studies. In the present study, we present an improved and scalable synthesis of 25CN-NBOH making this compound readily available to the scientific community.
NiCl2 as a Cheap and Efficient Precatalyst for the Coupling of Aryl Fluorosulfonate and Phosphite/Phosphine Oxide
Authors: Guo Shengmei , Cai Hu , Yan Wenjie , Zhou Hongbo , Li Haoyuan , Hu Huimin , Yu Ying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, NiCl2 is employed as a cheap precatalyst in the formation of C(sp2)–P bond via cross-coupling reaction of phenol derivatives and phosphine oxides/phosphites. This catalytic system allows a variety of phenols with diverse functional groups to transform into phosphates with good yields. No additional additive is used in this reaction.
Avoidance and Correction of Deformities in Body Contouring
Authors: Ferry Andrew M. , Chamata Edward , Dibbs Rami P. , Rappaport Norman H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBody contouring procedures are highly impactful because of their potential to improve a patient's quality of life. These procedures, particularly when performed on patients following massive weight loss, may require secondary intervention to treat residual contour abnormalities. Presently, there is a paucity of information in the literature detailing the avoidance and correction of body contouring deformities. Herein, we will discuss the management of patients seeking revisional body contouring procedures.
Revisional Techniques for Secondary Cleft Lip Deformities
Authors: Sarrami Shayan M. , Skochdopole Anna J. , Ferry Andrew M. , Buchanan Edward P. , Hollier Larry H. , Dempsey Robert F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSecondary deformities of repaired cleft lips are an unfortunate complication despite the meticulous approach of modern primary procedures. Most of these surgeries take place in the patient's early life and must be strategically planned to provide optimal cosmesis with minimal interventions. Depending on the level of severity, treatment of the secondary deformities ranges from noninvasive or minimally invasive techniques to complete revision cheiloplasty. Many novel topical, injectable, and laser therapies have allotted physicians more technical flexibility in treating superficial distortions. Nonetheless, surgical techniques such as diamond excision and adjacent tissue transfer remain popular and useful reconstructive modalities. Deformities involving the orbicularis oris must be completely taken down to allow full access to the muscle. Complete revision cheiloplasty requires recreation of the cleft defect and reconstruction similar to the primary repair. Due to the myriad of presentations of these secondary deformities, familiarity with the various treatments available is imperative for any cleft surgeon.
Temperature and population density influence SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the absence of nonpharmaceutical interventions
Authors: Smith Thomas P. , Flaxman Seth , Gallinat Amanda S. , Kinosian Sylvia P. , Stemkovski Michael , Unwin H. Juliette T. , Watson Oliver J. , Whittaker Charles , Cattarino Lorenzo , Dorigatti Ilaria , Tristem Michael , Pearse William D. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
There is still much to be understood about the factors influencing the ecology and epidemiology of COVID-19. In particular, whether environmental variation is likely to drive seasonal changes in SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics is largely unknown. We investigate the effects of the environment on SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates across the United States and then incorporate the most important environmental parameters into an epidemiological model. We show that temperature and population density can be important factors in transmission but only in the absence of mobility-restricting policy measures, although particularly strong policy measures may be required to mitigate the highest population densities. Our findings improve our understanding of the drivers of COVID-19 transmission and highlight areas in which policy decisions can be proactive.
Pseudotheraptus wayi (coconut bug).
Authors: Schoeman Schalk 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

P. wayi is a serious pest in Kenya, Tanzania, and Zanzibar on coconut, but actual crop loss is difficult to assess, partly because of the natural nut-fall. Over 70% of young nuts will fall naturally and so many of the bug-damaged nuts would fall anyway. In certain areas of Zanzibar, crop losses of up to 100% can occur (Way, 1951).
Run-and-tumble motion in a harmonic potential: field theory and entropy production
Authors: Garcia-Millan Rosalba , Pruessner Gunnar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Run-and-tumble (RnT) motion is an example of active motility where particles move at constant speed and change direction at random times. In this work we study RnT motion with diffusion in a harmonic potential in one dimension via a path integral approach. We derive a Doi-Peliti field theory and use it to calculate the entropy production and other observables in closed form. All our results are exact.
Soil Water Content Estimation using Pedotransfer Functions in Drylands of Sumbawa Regency
Authors: Ayu I W , Lestari N D , Gunawan G , Soemarno S 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe research aims to estimate soil moisture content using pedotransfer functions in drylands of Sumbawa Regency from March to July 2019. The research method used is descriptive-comparative design against the soils’ physical properties in three different locations. Soil sampling is conducted through undisturbed soil sampling using sample rings for soil analysis and file input assembly and simulation using the Soil, Plant, Atmosphere, Water Field and Pond Hydrology Model (SPAW) program of Version 6.02.75. The soil sample analysis for soil physical properties is conducted at the Soil Physics Laboratory of Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang. The analysis results indicate that soil moisture characteristic values using PTFs method with minimum parameter inputs that include soil texture (sand and clay) and organic matter could be implemented in drylands. There are differences in the available moisture content between measurement at the laboratory and simulation. The available moisture values from the field result measured at the laboratory are far smaller than those of the simulation results. The values indicate a variation of 0.31-0.47 cm3/cm3(KL) and 0.05-0.32 cm3/cm3(TLP), AWC (0.11-0.17 cm3/cm3), and hydraulic conductivity (soil permeability) (0.19-6.45mm/hr) for all locations.
An Impact of Climatic Change on Water-borne Diseases: A Review
Authors: Fadhil Muhammad , Ruswan  , Ismail Mutia , Helyani  , Tosepu Ramadhan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Climatic change has a great impact on the water cyclus, impacts on water resources, the frequency and intensity of floods because of high rainfall, the natural environment and human health. In this article, a survey of the effect of climatic change on waterborne diseases. Materials and Methods The keywords “climate change”, “waterborne diseases” were used in combination with “or” and “and” by performing electronic searches on Google and Google Scholar. The search was operated with a publication year insulate among January 2019 and October 2020. Results: Of the 34 articles collected, 19 articles were excluded because they had no correlation, while 15 articles were submitted and met the inclusion criteria. The literature reviewed shows that, most of the research has been carried out in wealthy countries, and approximation of the effect of climatic change on waterborne diseases are uncertain for the following reasons: 1) Hesitation about the spread of disease through climate change due to changing rainfall patterns 2) Hesitation about direct and indirect connection among climatic and human health 3) Hesitation about the connection among climatic and waterborne diseases as a consequence of changes in health. Conclusion: The hesitation in this estimate has led to little research in this regard.
The physical factors affected settlement preferences in peri-urban area of Medan City
Authors: Sinurat D A , Aulia D N , Marpaung B O Y 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Preference settlement is a person’s willingness to live or not in a place that influenced by various factors and variables. The policy of housing development in the suburban is an attempt to divert the population in Medan City to the peri-urban area. This causes more people to choose the peri-urban area as a residential location. Based on observations, the location in Medan City with the amount of housing that tends to increase is Namorambe District. This research is analyzed based on the following variables: accessibility, environmental conditions, and the completeness of facilities and infrastructure. This research aims to examine the physical factors that become settlement preferences in peri-urban areas. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive by grouping data that have similarities with each other. The results of the research showed: in terms of accessibility, the large number of streets and the availability of many alternative routes; in terms of environmental factors, the condition of residential street frame, drainage systems, the vegetation, and the cleanliness of the; in terms of the condition of the facilities and infrastructure, the electricity facilities, garbage disposal, the sanitation network and worship facilities are the reasons respondents choose to live in Namorambe District.
Mapping the housing needs of the urban middle class in greater Jakarta
Authors: Tafridj I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The housing affordability discourses have long been focusing on the low income community. However, the middle class in Indonesia are beginning to experience their own brand of affordability problems, fuelled by the skyrocketing house market price and the wage stagnancy issue. This research expects to map the housing needs of the middle class, including the average combined income and desired house price for middle class families in Greater Jakarta. The survey also inquired current residencies and aspirational location of the respondents, which was used to create a mapping as evidence for future housing policies. This data was analysed quantitatively and elaborated descriptively with consideration to the socio-economic condition of the middle class. The result shows that middle class families with combined income of more than seven million rupiah aspire to buy houses out of Jakarta Province with proper surrounding facility, and are willing to allocate housing budget of more than five hundred million rupiah. This research recommends an improvement to the housing development policies in greater Jakarta and reiterates the importance of new regulation on long term rent as a secure tenure alternative.