bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of germline BRCA1/2 mutations and association with clinicopathological characteristics in Turkish women with epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Sunar Veli , Korkmaz Vakkas , Topcu Vehap , Cavdarli Büşranur , Arik Zafer , Ozdal Bülent , Ustun Yaprak Engin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThis study aims to determine the frequency of germline BRCA 1/2 mutations in Turkish women with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and evaluate its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, all women with recently diagnosed EOC presenting to Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Training and Research Hospital Medical Oncology Clinic between 2016 and 2019 were referred for BRCA testing. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 76 patients applying to Medical Genetics and BRCA1/2 genes were sequenced using next‐generation sequencing. The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics 2015 criteria were followed for classification of genetic variants.ResultsTwenty‐four women (31.6%) had pathogenic germline BRCA1/2 mutations. Of these, 17 patients (22.4%) harbored germline BRCA1 mutations and 7 (9.2%) had BRCA2 mutations. When we compared the patients with and without BRCA mutations, there was significant difference in terms of family history (41.7% vs 9.6%, respectively, P = .001). Among all patients, 15 (19.7%) had history of breast or ovarian cancer in first‐ or second‐degree relatives. Germline BRCA1/2 mutations were detected in 66.7% of patients with family history, while these mutations were found in 22.9% of patients without family history (P = .001).ConclusionIn this sample 31.6% of Turkish women with EOC harbored germline BRCA1/2 mutations, which seems higher compared to other ethnic groups except for the Ashkenazi Jews population. All women with EOC should be referred for BRCA testing regardless of family history, age at diagnosis, and histological subtype.
Clinical features and long‐term outcomes of aggressive fibromatosis of the abdominal wall after surgical resection: A retrospective study and literature review
Authors: Wang Kewei , Zhang Jiaqi , Dong Ming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimAggressive fibromatosis of the abdominal wall is easily misdiagnosed prior to surgery as abdominal wall endometriosis or other tumors. The authors intend to evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of aggressive fibromatosis of the abdominal wall after surgical resection.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data from 24 patients treated in the First Hospital of China Medical University from January 2011 to June 2019 and discussed the characteristic of this disease after a review of literature worldwide.ResultsMost patients were female (91.7%) with a mean age of 33 years (range 26–56 years). The most common symptom was progressive abdominal wall discomfort (ie, abdominal pain) in 16 patients (66.7%). Twelve patients (50%) had a history of cesarean section. All 24 patients underwent surgical R0 resection due to progression of disease or pain, including 12 patients treated with simple tumor resection and 12 patients treated with tumor resection followed by abdominal wall tension‐free repair using synthetic mesh. Postoperative complications included incisional infection in three patients (12.5%), incisional hernia and postoperative bleeding in one patient each (4.2%). The local recurrence rate was 12.5%.ConclusionsAggressive fibromatosis of the abdominal wall mainly occurs in young women after cesarean section or other surgeries, with a high recurrence rate. Radical resection is an optimal treatment for the patients with progressive cases, and the restoration of extensive defects of the abdominal wall can be achieved with synthetic mesh, which leads to a good restoration of abdominal wall integrity.
Australia and New Zealand's responsibilities in improving oncology services in the Asia‐Pacific: A call to action
Authors: Wilson Brooke E. , Pokorny Adrian M. J. , Perera Sathira , Barton Michael B. , Yip Desmond , Karapetis Christos S. , Ward Iain G. , Downes Simon , Yap Mei Ling 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo review the expected increasing demand for cancer services among low and middle‐income countries (LMICs) in the Asia‐Pacific (APAC), and to describe ways in which Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) can provide support to improve cancer outcomes in our region.MethodsWe first review the current and projected incidence of cancer within the APAC between 2018 and 2040, and the estimated demand for chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. We then explore potential ways in which ANZ can increase regional collaborations to improve cancer outcomes.ResultsWe identify 6 ways that ANZ can collaborate with LMICs to improve cancer care in the APAC through the ANZ Regional Oncology Collaboration Strategy:
Increasing education and institutional collaborations in the APAC region through in‐country training, twinning partnerships, observerships and formalised training programs in order to increase cancer care quality and capacity.

Promoting and assisting in the establishment and maintenance of population‐based cancer registries in LMICs.

Increasing research capacity in LMICs through collaboration and promoting high quality global oncology research within ANZ.

Engaging and training Australian and New Zealand clinicians in global oncology, increasing awareness of this important career path, and increasing health policy engagement.

Increasing web‐based endeavours through virtual tumour boards, web‐based advocacy platforms and web‐based teaching programs.

Continuing to leverage for funding through professional bodies, government, industry, not‐for‐profit organisations and local hospital funds.

ConclusionWe propose the creation of an Australian and New Zealand Interest Group to provide formalised and sustained collaboration between researchers, clinicians and stakeholders.
José Morón was the first to introduce the retinal light photocoagulation
Authors: Ascaso Francisco J. , Grzybowski Andrzej 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRegarding the early history of laser, it is generally accepted that the technique of retinal light photocoagulation was first pioneered by Gerd Meyer‐Schwickerath in 1949. The renowned German ophthalmologist developed the technique to obtain clinically useful results and is worldwide considered the father of retinal photocoagulation. Nevertheless, we believe that the Spanish ophthalmologist José Morón (Seville, 1918‐2000) was really the author of the first known experience of therapeutic photocoagulation of the retina, because he had previously used a similar technique in rabbit and human eyes in 1945 and 1946, respectively. These experiences already appeared in his doctoral dissertation, which was defended in Madrid in 1946, almost three years before the pioneering presentation of Meyer‐Schwickerath. Despite this, Morón was permanently forgotten in the history of retinal photocoagulation. We would like to highlight his earlier experimental studies and reclaim the figure of this Spanish ophthalmologist, which deserves international recognition. This case is an example of a common phenomenon that inventors of new ideas are often not cited appropriately.
Risk of ocular hypertension in children treated with systemic glucocorticoid
Authors: Krag Susanne , Larsen Dorte , Albertsen Birgitte Klug , Glerup Mia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the risk of steroid‐induced ocular hypertension in children treated with systemic glucocorticoid.MethodsProspective cohort study of children treated with high‐dose systemic glucocorticoid (prednisolone‐equivalent >0.5 mg/kg/day) for more than 2 weeks. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by an Icare tonometer. An intraocular hypertensive response was defined as a net increase in IOP ≥6 mmHg from baseline or a peak IOP ≥21 mmHg in either eye. Patients with a peak IOP ≥31 mmHg or a net increase in IOP ≥15 mmHg were considered as high responders.ResultsSixteen children with median age 12 years (range 5–17) were included in the study. Nine children (56%) developed a steroid‐induced ocular hypertensive response. Two children (12%) were high responders with peak IOP between 32 and 44 mmHg and a net increase in IOP between 15 and 23 mmHg. All children were asymptomatic and IOP was normalized in all after withdrawal of steroid. Steroid responders were significantly younger than nonresponders (p = 0.03). No associations were found between net IOP increase and time to peak pressure, steroid dose at peak pressure or accumulated prednisolone dose at peak IOP.ConclusionSystemic treatment of children with glucocorticoid can cause a significant increase in IOP which indicates the need for IOP screening of these children. The risk of steroid‐induced ocular hypertension may depend on age and ethnicity. In this perspective, further studies on Caucasian children are needed.
Reproductive performance of Macrobrachium acanthurus (Crustacea, Palaemonidae) females subjected to unilateral eyestalk ablation
Authors: Maschio Rodrigues Maria , López Greco Laura S. , Almeida Luis Carlos Ferreira de , Bertini Giovana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of eyestalk ablation on the reproductive performance of females from the native caridean shrimp Macrobrachium acanthurus. The reproduction parameters fertility, fecundity, egg volume, larvae size, loss of embryos and number of females with viable eggs/larvae were evaluated. Females presenting carapace length of 12–15 mm and spent stage of gonadal development were divided into two groups, one undergoing unilateral eyestalk ablation and the other remaining intact. The specimens were kept in aquarium until ovarian maturation, then brought together with males for mating (proportion of two females for each male). Fecundity and fertility were greater in intact females (1,741 eggs and 1,045 larvae) than in ablated ones (1,373 eggs and 741 larvae). Ablation also reduced the percentage of females with viable eggs (68% intact versus 49% ablated) and larvae (82% intact versus 64% ablated), besides increasing the loss of embryos. Egg volume and shape (ellipsoid) and larvae size were similar, as was the duration of embryonic development. The results of this study suggest that, although ablated females exhibit a high rate of survival, their reproductive performance is reduced; therefore, the ablation technique is not recommended in M. acanthurus farming, so as to protect the animals from physiological stress.
Emotional intelligence and servant leadership: A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Miao Chao , Humphrey Ronald H. , Qian Shanshan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractServant leadership is an effective leadership style that focuses on ethics and morality. Emotional intelligence (EI) is also associated with effective leadership and ethical behavior; thus, there has been a surge in studies that assessed the link between EI and servant leadership. Nevertheless, the empirical landscape of this relationship is mixed and fragmented. We undertook a meta‐analysis to clarify this literature and found that (a) EI has a significant positive relationship with servant leadership (ρ̅̂ = .57); (b) the relationship between EI and servant leadership is stronger in studies having a lower percentage of well‐educated subjects, in low power distance cultures, and in high institutional collectivism cultures; and (c) We were unable to find sufficient evidence to support moderating effects of the relationship between EI and servant leadership for gender (male‐dominated and female‐dominated studies), age (between young and old subjects), for self‐report versus follower‐report of servant leadership, and across different scales of servant leadership.
Study of the physicochemical properties of drugs suitable for administration using a lymphatic drug delivery system
Authors: Fukumura Ryoichi , Sukhbaatar Ariunbuyan , Mishra Radhika , Sakamoto Maya , Mori Shiro , Kodama Tetsuya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLymph node (LN) metastasis is thought to account for 20‐30% of deaths from head and neck cancer. The lymphatic drug delivery system (LDDS) is a new technology that enables the injection of drugs into a sentinel LN (SLN) during the early stage of tumor metastasis to treat the SLN and secondary metastatic LNs. However, the optimal physicochemical properties of the solvent used to carry the drug have not been determined. Here, we show that the osmotic pressure and viscosity of the solvent influenced the antitumor effect of cisplatin (CDDP) in a mouse model of LN metastasis. Tumor cells were inoculated into the proper axillary LN (PALN), and the LDDS was used to inject CDDP solution into the subiliac LN (SiLN) to treat the tumor cells in the downstream PALN. CDDP dissolved in saline had no therapeutic effects in the PALN after it was injected into the SiLN using the LDDS or into the tail vein (as a control). However, CDDP solution with an osmotic pressure of ~ 1,900 kPa and a viscosity of ~ 12 mPa⋅s suppressed tumor growth in the PALN after it was injected into the SiLN using the LDDS. The high osmotic pressure dilated the lymphatic vessels and sinuses to enhance drug flow in the PALN, and the high viscosity increased the retention of CDDP in the PALN. Our results demonstrate that optimizing the osmotic pressure and viscosity of the solvent can enhance the effects of CDDP, and possibly other anticancer drugs, after administration using the LDDS.
A cumulative risk index for use in the medical home
Authors: Cunningham Maureen , Bonnell Levi N. , Mehner Lauren , Berman Stephen , Camp Bonnie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePrevious studies have described the effect of sociodemographic factors on early development. We describe development of a simple cumulative risk index (CRI) based on four sociodemographic factors and explore the concurrent and predictive relationship of this index to a measure of the cognitive home environment in early childhood and to later school functioning.MethodsThis was a secondary data analysis of children from an urban pediatrics clinic. Baseline data were collected at 10–23 months (n = 324) with primary follow‐up 6 months later at 18–35 months (n = 179) and secondary follow‐up at 8–10 years (n = 68). A CRI score was derived at baseline using maternal education, marital status, race/ethnicity and child insurance. Baseline and primary follow‐up included three subscales of the STIMQ, a measure of the cognitive home environment. Effectiveness of CRI was examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with linear contrasts. Chi‐square examined differences in school function between children from CRI high‐risk (CRI 3–4) and low‐risk (CRI 0–2) families.ResultsCRI had a negative impact in early childhood on STIMQ subscale scores (p < 0.007–0.05) that increased as the number of risk factors increased (p < 0.05). Significantly more children from high‐risk families (CRI 3–4) were rated as having poor school performance than children from low‐risk families (CRI 0–2) (p < 0.05).ConclusionsWe showed that a practice‐friendly CRI, based on characteristics typically available in the medical record, could help identify families less likely to support development concurrently at 1 year of age and predictively at 2–3 years. School functioning at 8 to 10 years was also significantly better in children with a low CRI at 1 year. The CRI could be a useful tool for both clinicians and researchers needing a simple tool for risk assessment.
The association between parent–child technology interference and cognitive and social–emotional development in preschool‐aged children
Authors: Carson Valerie , Kuzik Nicholas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe increased adoption and dependence of electronic devices have potential implications on parent–child relationships, including parental responsiveness. Few studies have examined the association between parent–child technology interference and developmental outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between parent–child technology interference and cognitive and social–emotional development in preschool‐aged children (3–5 years).MethodsParticipants were 100 parents and their preschool‐aged child from Edmonton, Canada. Parent–child technology interference across six different devices (i.e., cell phone/smartphone, tablet, iPod, television, computer and video game console) was parental reported using an adapted version of the Technology Device Interference Scale, and a total score was calculated. Cognitive development was objectively measured using three iPad‐based tasks from the Early Years Toolbox to capture executive functions (i.e., working memory and response inhibition) and language development (i.e., expressive vocabulary). Social–emotional development was parental reported using the Child Self‐Regulation and Social Behaviour Questionnaire, and seven subscales (i.e., sociability, externalizing, internalizing, prosocial and behavioural, cognitive, and emotional self‐regulation) were calculated. Multiple linear regression models that adjusted for several potential confounders were conducted.ResultsThe mean total parent–child technology interference score was 4.2 units, which equates to approximately 12–16 interruptions per day due to an electronic device. Approximately 60% of the score was due to interference by a cell phone/smartphone. After removing influential cases based on Cook's distance values, higher parent–child technology interference was significantly associated with lower response inhibition (B = −0.015, 95% CI: −0.028, −0.002) and emotional self‐regulation (B = −0.095, 95% CI: −0.163, −0.028) scores and higher log externalizing (B = 0.033, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.063) and log internalizing (B = 0.034, 95% CI: 0.013, 0.056) scores.ConclusionsElectronic devices, in particular the cell phone/smartphone, appear to interrupt parents' conversations and activities with their preschool‐aged child multiple times per day. Higher parent–child technology interference may be adversely associated with several subdomains of early childhood development. Future longitudinal and experimental research is needed to confirm these findings.
Occult lymph node metastasis in radiologic stage I non‐small cell lung cancer: The role of endobronchial ultrasound
Authors: Kukhon Faeq R. , Lan Xinyue , Helgeson Scott A. , Arunthari Vichaya , Fernandez‐Bussy Sebastian , Patel Neal M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRationaleThe use of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) is currently recommended for staging non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in centrally located tumors, tumors >3 cm, or with radiologic evidence of lymph node (LN) metastasis. Current guidelines do not recommend staging EBUS‐TBNA in patients with stage I NSCLC who do not have any of the aforementioned conditions.ObjectiveWe hypothesize that using EBUS‐TBNA is useful for detecting occult metastasis in radiologic stage I NSCLC.MethodsIn this single‐center, retrospective study, charts of patients ≥18 years old who underwent staging EBUS‐TBNA from January 2005 to May 2019 were reviewed. Only patients with combined positron‐emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) scans consistent with radiologic stage I NSCLC were included. Identified variables included: age, gender, personal history of any cancer, smoking history, tumor location, tumor centrality, tumor size, tumor PET activity, histopathologic type of NSCLC, and LN biopsy results. Patients whose LN samples showed a diagnosis other than NSCLC were excluded. The association between LN positivity, and each of the variables was assessed using Pearson's correlation for categorical variables, and logistic regression analysis for continuous variables.ResultsFrom the 2,892 initially screened patients, 188 were included. Of those, 13 (6.9%; 95% CI, 4%–11%) had a malignancy‐positive LN biopsy. The number needed to test (NNT) in order to detect one case of any occult metastasis was 15. Among the included variables, a significant association was found between LN positivity and tumor centrality, with central tumors found in 61.5% of patients with positive LN (n = 8) (p < 0.01). This association stayed significant after adjusting for age, gender, smoking history, tumor size, tumor location, and PET activity (p = 0.015). Among patients with malignancy‐positive LN biopsies, five (38.5%; 95% CI, 17.6%–64.6%) were upstaged to N1, and eight (61.5%; 95% CI, 35.4%–82.4%) were upstaged to N2, with NNT of 23 to detect one case of occult N2 metastasis. Subgroup analysis comparing LN‐positive patients based on their N stage did not show statistically significant association with any of the variables.ConclusionBased on our results and along with the existing evidence, EBUS‐TBNA should be recommended as part of the routine staging in all patients with radiologic stage I NSCLC.
Jurisdictional sourcing: Leveraging commodity supply chains to reduce tropical deforestation at scale. A generic theory of change for a conservation strategy, v 1.0
Authors: Boshoven Judy , Fleck Leonardo C. , Miltner Sabine , Salafsky Nick , Adams Justin , Dahl‐Jørgensen Andreas , Fonseca Gustavo , Nepsted Dan , Rabinovitch Kevin , Seymour Frances 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExpansion of agricultural commodity production is driving rapid deforestation in tropical countries. Several strategies including jurisdictional planning and producer or sectoral‐level sourcing/certification have been used to counter this threat, each with its own limitations. There is growing interest in using jurisdictional sourcing (JS) as a hybrid that combines the best elements of each of these strategies. Specifically, JS involves bringing together key stakeholders in a given national or sub‐national political jurisdiction to agree on a land‐use plan that maintains forest ecosystems while promoting enhanced commodity production on degraded lands. Under JS, a key incentive for this agreement is the prospect of preferential sourcing from supply chain actors who want conversion‐free commodities. As with any conservation strategy, the key questions are what defines JS and under what conditions is it likely to work? To help address these questions, we convened a group of practitioners/experts to develop a theory of change that explicitly defines what JS entails from both the perspective of a given jurisdiction as well as a global markets point of view. We also developed generic objectives and indicators that can be used to measure performance. We then vetted our initial drafts with a wider circle of JS practitioners/experts as well as through a review of relevant literature and against seven case studies. It is our hope that this framework can be used to inform the collection of more standardized data across JS strategies being implemented in different locations and conditions. This data could, in turn, inform more systematic assessments of JS strategies and ultimately, revisions to this theory of change as our collective knowledge improves.