bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of CO2 Density‐Driven Flow in Carbonate Aquifers: Effects of Dispersion and Geochemistry
Authors: Erfani Hamidreza , Babaei Masoud , Niasar Vahid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe dissolution of carbon‐dioxide (CO2) in deep saline aquifers is an important trapping mechanism in carbon storage. This process is triggered by unstable high‐density CO2 front, which later promotes density‐driven mixing, hydrodynamic dispersion of CO2, and favors the long‐term sequestration. In many former studies, effects of hydrodynamic dispersion and multispecies geochemical reactions have been ignored. This work elaborates the impacts of these simplifications on the dynamics of convective mixing by numerical simulations. Geochemical effects were studied by the implementation of rock‐fluid and fluid‐fluid interactions for a typical carbonate aquifer. Results show that accounting for the hydrodynamic dispersion decreases the convection onset time and increases the CO2 dissolution flux, which is more significant in larger dispersivities and Rayleigh numbers. Results indicate that carbonate geochemical reactions intense the long‐term overall efficiency of the process, while decrease the total amount of sequestered carbon in the diffusion‐dominated period. Results also reinforce the importance of realistic geochemical representation and importance of spatial and temporal dependence of the reactions pathway, subsequent to the finger development for more detailed simulation of the CO2 storage process.
Exosomes derived from miR-126-3p-overexpressing synovial fibroblasts suppress chondrocyte inflammation and cartilage degradation in a rat model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhou Yan , Ming Jianghua , Li Yaming , Li Bochun , Deng Ming , Ma Yonggang , Chen Zhonghui , Zhang Yubiao , Li Jia , Liu Shiqing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated within exosomes can serve as essential regulators of intercellular communication and represent promising biomarkers of several aging-associated disorders. However, the relationship between exosomal miRNAs and osteoarthritis (OA)-related chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts (SFCs) remain to be clarified. Herein, we profiled synovial fluid-derived exosomal miRNAs and explored the effects of exosomal miRNAs derived from SFCs on chondrocyte inflammation, proliferation, and survival, and further assessed their impact on cartilage degeneration in a surgically-induced rat OA model. We identified 19 miRNAs within synovial fluid-derived exosomes that were differentially expressed when comparing OA and control patients. We then employed a microarray-based approach to confirm that exosomal miRNA-126-3p expression was significantly reduced in OA patient-derived synovial fluid exosomes. At a functional level, miRNA-126-3p mimic treatment was sufficient to promote rat chondrocyte migration and proliferation while also suppressing apoptosis and IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression. SFC-miRNA-126-3p-Exos were able to suppress apoptotic cell death and associated inflammation in chondrocytes. Our in vivo results revealed that rat SFC-derived exosomal miRNA-126-3p was sufficient to suppress the formation of osteophytes, prevent cartilage degeneration, and exert anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects on articular cartilage. Overall, our findings indicate that SFC exosome‐delivered miRNA-126-3p can constrain chondrocyte inflammation and cartilage degeneration. As such, SFC-miRNA-126-3p-Exos may be of therapeutic value for the treatment of patients suffering from OA.
Post-traumatic endophthalmitis caused by streptococcus species in preschool children: clinical features, antibiotic susceptibilities and outcomes
Authors: Yang Yao , Sui Wenjun , Duan Fang , Li Yujie , Zeng Jieting , Jiang Zhaoxin , Liu Manli , Yuan Zhaohui , Lin Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Streptococcus is a common cause of post-traumatic endophthalmitis in children. This study aimed to analyse the clinical features, antibiotic susceptibilities and outcomes of traumatic endophthalmitis caused by streptococcus in preschool children.

Subjects/Methods
Patients aged ≤6 years with traumatic streptococcal endophthalmitis seen at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 2013 and December 2018 were included in this retrospective study.

Results
In total, 21 patients (21 eyes) were included. The mean age of the patients was 3.3 ± 1.7 years, where 57.1% were males. Scissors (28.6%, n = 6) were the most common cause of injury; 86.7% of patients were injured at home. Zone I (80.9%) was the most common wound site; 90.5% of patients presented with a traumatic cataract. In general, Streptococcus pneumoniae (47.6%) was the most common isolate. Viridans group streptococci accounted for 58.3% of cases in children aged 0–3 years, while S. pneumoniae accounted for 66.7% of cases in children aged 4–6 years. The susceptibility rates of streptococcus to cefuroxime, levofloxacin and ofloxacin were 100%, 95.0% and 90.5%, respectively. Although all the patients underwent vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade, the final visual outcomes were no better than counting fingers.

Conclusions
Although S. pneumoniae was the most prevalent organism in general, the dominant species varied between different age groups. The commonly used antibiotics, cefuroxime and fluoroquinolone, showed higher antibiotic susceptibility. Despite prompt treatment, the visual outcomes of paediatric post-traumatic endophthalmitis in preschool children were poor.
Resonant subwavelength control of the phase of spin waves reflected from a Gires–Tournois interferometer
Authors: Sobucki Krzysztof , Śmigaj Wojciech , Rychły Justyna , Krawczyk Maciej , Gruszecki Paweł 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSubwavelength resonant elements are essential building blocks of metamaterials and metasurfaces, which have revolutionized photonics. Despite similarities between different wave phenomena, other types of interactions can make subwavelength coupling significantly distinct; its investigation in their context is therefore of interest both from the physics and applications perspective. In this work, we demonstrate a fully magnonic Gires–Tournois interferometer based on a subwavelength resonator made of a narrow ferromagnetic stripe lying above the edge of a ferromagnetic film. The bilayer formed by the stripe and the film underneath supports two propagative spin-wave modes, one strongly coupled with spin waves propagating in the rest of the film and another almost completely reflected at the ends of the bilayer. When the Fabry–Perot resonance conditions for this mode are satisfied, the weak coupling between both modes is sufficient to achieve high sensitivity of the phase of waves reflected from the resonator to the stripe width and, more interestingly, also to the stripe-film separation. Such spin-wave phase manipulation capabilities are a prerequisite for the design of spin-wave metasurfaces and may stimulate development of magnonic logic devices and sensors detecting magnetic nanoparticles.
Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) nanoparticles modified with antiEGFRvIII for specific glioblastoma therapy
Authors: Liang Yuchao , Li Zelin , Yuan Huanxiang , Wang Lei , Gao Li-Hua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most common primary brain cancer and it is nearly impossible to remove the entire tumor with surgery or a single drug. EGFRvIII is the most frequent genetic change associated with glioblastoma, so EGFRvIII-based targeting therapies provide promise for treating glioblastoma. Herein, poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene] (PPV) was used as the core to prepare a conjugated polymer nanoparticle (PPVN) modified with anti-EGFRvIII (PPVN-A) that exhibited high ROS generation ability under white light irradiation. PPVN-A could target EGFRvIII-overexpressed tumor cells and damaged more than 90% of tumor cells with the light illumination while PPVN without modification exhibited no obvious cytotoxicity toward these cells under the same condition. Thus, the photodynamic treatment of glioblastoma cells using PPVN-A could be achieved, indicating the potential of anti-EGFRvIII-modified nanoparticles as a therapeutic material for treating glioblastoma in clinic.
Magnetic nanofluid behavior including an immersed rotating conductive cylinder: finite element analysis
Authors: Hamzah Hameed K. , Ali Farooq H. , Hatami M. , Jing D. , Jabbar Mohammed Y. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, numerical Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM) is applied for conjugate heat-transfer of a rotating cylinder immersed in Fe3O4-water nanofluid under the heat-flux and magnetic field. The outer boundaries of the cavity were maintained at low temperatures while beside the cylinder were insulated. It is assumed that the cylinder rotates in both clockwise and counter-clockwise directions. The dimensionless governing equations such as velocity, pressure, and temperature formulation were analyzed by the GFEM. The results were evaluated using the governing parameters such as nanoparticles (NPs) volume fraction, Hartmann and Rayleigh numbers, magnetic field angle and NPs shapes. As a main result, the average Nusselt number increases by increasing the NPs volume fraction, inclination angle and thermal conductivity ratios, while increasing the Hartmann number decreased the Nusselt number. Furthermore, platelet NPs had the maximum average Nusselt number and spherical NPs made the minimum values of Nusselt numbers among examined NPs shapes.
Discovering microbe-disease associations from the literature using a hierarchical long short-term memory network and an ensemble parser model
Authors: Park Yesol , Lee Joohong , Moon Heesang , Choi Yong Suk , Rho Mina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith recent advances in biotechnology and sequencing technology, the microbial community has been intensively studied and discovered to be associated with many chronic as well as acute diseases. Even though a tremendous number of studies describing the association between microbes and diseases have been published, text mining methods that focus on such associations have been rarely studied. We propose a framework that combines machine learning and natural language processing methods to analyze the association between microbes and diseases. A hierarchical long short-term memory network was used to detect sentences that describe the association. For the sentences determined, two different parse tree-based search methods were combined to find the relation-describing word. The ensemble model of constituency parsing for structural pattern matching and dependency-based relation extraction improved the prediction accuracy. By combining deep learning and parse tree-based extractions, our proposed framework could extract the microbe-disease association with higher accuracy. The evaluation results showed that our system achieved an F-score of 0.8764 and 0.8524 in binary decisions and extracting relation words, respectively. As a case study, we performed a large-scale analysis of the association between microbes and diseases. Additionally, a set of common microbes shared by multiple diseases were also identified in this study. This study could provide valuable information for the major microbes that were studied for a specific disease. The code and data are available athttps://github.com/DMnBI/mdi_predictor.
Relationship between metamorphopsia and inner retinal microstructure following intravitreal ranibizumab injection for branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Sugiura Yoshimi , Okamoto Fumiki , Murakami Tomoya , Morikawa Shohei , Hiraoka Takahiro , Hussnain Syed Amal , Oshika Tetsuro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IVR) on metamorphopsia in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and to assess the relationship between metamorphopsia and inner retinal microstructure and other factors. Thirty-three treatment-naïve eyes of 33 patients with macular edema caused by BRVO with at least 12 months of follow-up were included. The degree of metamorphopsia was quantified using the M-CHARTS. Retinal microstructure was assessed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) at the first month after resolution of the macular edema (early DRIL) and at 12 months after treatment (after DRIL) was studied. Central retinal thickness (CRT), and status of the external limiting membrane as well as ellipsoid zone were also evaluated. IVR treatment significantly improved best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and CRT, but the mean metamorphopsia score did not improve even after 12 months. Post-treatment metamorphopsia scores showed a significant correlation with pre-treatment metamorphopsia scores (P < 0.005), the extent of early DRIL (P < 0.05) and after DRIL (P < 0.05), and the number of injections (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the post-treatment mean metamorphopsia score was significantly correlated with the pre-treatment mean metamorphopsia score (P < 0.05). IVR treatment significantly improved BCVA and CRT, but not metamorphopsia. Post-treatment metamorphopsia scores were significantly associated with pre-treatment metamorphopsia scores, the extent of DRIL, and the number of injections. Prognostic factor of metamorphopsia was the degree of pre-treatment metamorphopsia.
A novel risk classification score for malignant ureteral obstruction: a multicenter prospective validation study
Authors: Izumi Kouji , Shima Takashi , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Sawada Kiyoshi , Naito Renato , Kato Yuki , Ofude Mitsuo , Kano Hiroshi , Iwamoto Hiroaki , Yaegashi Hiroshi , Nakashima Kazufumi , Iijima Masashi , Kawaguchi Shohei , Nohara Takahiro , Kadono Yoshifumi , Mizokami Atsushi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEmergence of malignant ureteral obstruction (MUO) has been reported as a sign of poor prognosis; however, the distribution of survival time in patients with MUO is considerably wide, and no risk classification score has been constructed. To evaluate whether a novel risk classification score for overall survival that we previously developed, is effective in a large cohort. Investigator-initiated, prospective, multicenter diagnostic/prognostic study was conducted. Patients with MUO were divided into three risk groups based on the score calculated using four prognostic factors (PLaCT: Primary site, Laterality, serum Creatinine level, and Treatment for primary site) at the first visit, and prospective follow-up was performed. Overall survival and ureteral stent failure-free survival of each risk group were compared. In total, 300 patients with 21 different primary sites were enrolled. The numbers of patients in good, intermediate, and poor risk groups were 105, 106, and 89, respectively. Median survival times of patients in good, intermediate, and poor risk groups were 406, 221, and 77 days, respectively (P < 0.0001). In 217 patients with ureteral stenting, median ureteral stent failure-free survival times of good, intermediate, and poor risk groups were 385, 183, and 57 days, respectively (P < 0.0001). Limitations include the limited ethnicity and the extended duration of study enrollment. The novel PLaCT risk classification score could divide MUO patients into three risk groups with distinct survival times and ureteral stent patencies. This score will aid in establishing prognosis and treatment strategy for all physicians engaged in cancer treatment.
Effects of 2% sodium fluoride solution on the prevention of streptococcal adhesion to titanium and zirconia surfaces
Authors: Oda Yukari , Miura Tadashi , Hirano Tomoki , Furuya Yoshitaka , Ito Taichi , Yoshinari Masao , Yajima Yasutomo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStreptococci are associated with dental plaque formation as the early-colonizing bacteria that adhere to titanium (CpTi) and zirconia (TZP) implant abutment surfaces. Effective prevention of peri-implantitis may be possible by removing streptococci as target. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 2% NaF on the prevention of streptococcal adhesion to CpTi and TZP. After immersion in 2% NaF for 90 min, surface characterization of mirror-polished CpTi and TZP disks were assesed using XPS, EPMA, and SEM. S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, and S. oralis were used as the streptococcal bacterial strains. After 24 h culture, bacterial adhesion was evaluated using an ATP-bioluminescent assay and SEM. In XPS, EPMA, and SEM analyses, fluoride was detected on the CpTi and TZP surfaces after 2% NaF immersion with no signs of localization, and no corrosion on the CpTi disks. Based on the adhesion assay, the adherences of S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, and S. oralis were significantly lower with NaF than without NaF in CpTi (p = 0.005, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively) and TZP (p = 0.003, 0.002, and 0.001). This was also confirmed by SEM. In conclusion, 2% NaF reduced the adhesion of streptococci to the CpTi and TZP surfaces.
Maternal use of sedative drugs and its effects on pregnancy outcomes: a Finnish birth cohort study
Authors: Björkstedt Satu-Maarit , Kautiainen Hannu , Tuomi Ulla , Gissler Mika , Pennanen Pirjo , Eriksson Johan G. , Laine Merja K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOur aim was to evaluate maternal use of sedative drugs before, during, and after pregnancy and to assess the influence of use of these drugs on pregnancy outcomes. The study cohort (N = 6231) consists of all primiparous women, who lived in the city of Vantaa, Finland, and who delivered a singleton between 2009 and 2015. Data were obtained from Finnish national health registers. Of the women, 3.2% (n = 202) purchased at least once sedative drugs within 90 days before conception, during pregnancy and/or within 90 days after delivery. Sedative drug users were older, less likely to cohabitate, more often smokers, had lower educational attainment and had more mental diseases (for all p < 0.001) compared with non-users. Sedative drug users purchased more often antidepressants and drugs for the alimentary tract, musculoskeletal and nervous system than non-users (for all p < 0.001). No adverse birth or pregnancy outcomes were found in the group using sedative drugs compared with the non-users. Studies in larger cohorts are needed to confirm our study findings.
High-throughput bandstructure simulations of van der Waals hetero-bilayers formed by 1T and 2H monolayers
Authors: Dong Rui , Jacob Alain , Bourdais Stéphane , Sanvito Stefano 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVertically stacked van der Waals heterostructures made of two-dimensional compounds are almost an infinite playground for the fabrication of nano-engineered materials for the most diverse applications. Unfortunately, high-throughput electronic structure theory, which often serves as a guidance for material design, is not practical in this case. In fact, the compositional and structural complexity of van der Waals heterostructures make the number of prototypes to calculate combinatorially large. In this work a method is developed to compute the bandstructure of van der Waals heterostructures with an arbitrary composition and geometry using minimal computational resources. Such scheme is applied to the systematic study of a library of two-dimensional hexagonal XY2 compounds. The method is based on the density functional theory and on the assumption that the inter-layer electronic interaction is limited to classical electrostatic screening. Our analysis enables us to identify and categorize a large range of van der Waals bilayer heterostructures with electronic band gaps of different nature ranging from 0.1 to 5.5 eV and various types of band line-up.
Transient morphology of lithium anodes in batteries monitored by in operando pulse electron paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Szczuka Conrad , Ackermann Jörg , Schleker P. Philipp M. , Jakes Peter , Eichel Rüdiger-A. , Granwehr Josef 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnhancing lithium-ion battery technology in terms of specific capacity and charging time is key for the advancement of the electrification of transportation. Particularly for fast charging, inhomogeneous deposition of metallic lithium, for example on commercial graphite or metallic lithium anodes, leads to cell degradation and safety issues. To understand the underlying mechanisms and develop counter-measures, non-invasive online detection techniques providing satisfactory time resolution are crucial. Here, we demonstrate in operando pulse electron paramagnetic resonance to observe transient processes during pulsed fast charging in cells with metallic lithium anodes. Sampling timescales of 100 ms enable real-time monitoring of the formation and evolution of porous lithium during and after charging pulses. It was observed that the generated morphology continued to evolve after the end of a charging pulse, whereby surface features were fusing with a time constant that was slower than their formation.
Double-diffusive mixing makes a small contribution to the global ocean circulation
Authors: van der Boog Carine G. , Dijkstra Henk A. , Pietrzak Julie D. , Katsman Caroline A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDouble-diffusive processes enhance diapycnal mixing of heat and salt in the open ocean. However, observationally based evidence of the effects of double-diffusive mixing on the global ocean circulation is lacking. Here we analyze the occurrence of double-diffusive thermohaline staircases in a dataset containing over 480,000 temperature and salinity profiles from Argo floats and Ice-Tethered Profilers. We show that about 14% of all profiles contains thermohaline staircases that appear clustered in specific regions, with one hitherto unknown cluster overlying the westward flowing waters of the Tasman Leakage. We estimate the combined contribution of double-diffusive fluxes in all thermohaline staircases to the global ocean’s mechanical energy budget as 7.5 GW [0.1 GW; 32.8 GW]. This is small compared to the estimated energy required to maintain the observed ocean stratification of roughly 2 TW. Nevertheless, we suggest that the regional effects, for example near Australia, could be pronounced.
Troposcatter transmission loss prediction based on particle swarm optimisation
Authors: Yuan Dizhe , Chen Xihong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTropospheric scatter is a promising method for over‐the‐horizon propagation. Transmission loss caused by the three mainstream troposcatter mechanisms is analysed, namely turbulent incoherent scattering theory, coherent reflection by stable layers theory, and incoherent reflection by irregular layers theory. Then an experiment is conducted to explore the relationships among the three mechanisms. Based on this experiment, the troposcatter transmission loss prediction model is established in different climate zones by a particle swarm optimisation algorithm and experimental data from the global troposcatter databank. The simulation shows that this model is more effective than the existing International Telecommunication Union‐Radiocommunication Sector (ITU‐R) P.617, P.452, and P.2001. Furthermore, by analysing the training parameters' proportion of the new model in different climate zones, the specific composition of three troposcatter mechanisms can be obtained.