bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorial: evolution of GLP‐1 receptor agonists as pharmacotherapy for NASH beyond diabetes mellitus and obesity – authors’ reply
Authors: Flint Anne , Andersen Grit , Hockings Paul , Plum‐Mörschel Leona , Loomba Rohit 
Published: November 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Flint et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16608 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16641
Editorial: biomarkers for alcohol‐related liver fibrosis—almost there? Authors' reply
Authors: Johansen Stine , Krag Aleksander , Karsdal Morten , Thiele Maja 
Published: November 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Thiele et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16567 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16633
Business ethics research at the world's leading universities and business schools
Authors: Fassin Yves 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the role of the leading universities and best‐ranked business schools in the evolution of the academic field of business ethics. An advanced bibliometric methodology is applied to publications in business ethics from the major universities of the Shanghai ARWU ranking and from the FT‐ranked business schools. The comprehensive bibliometric study encompasses multiple indicators and examines the evolution of business ethics publications over time. Business ethics research is built on two complementary interdisciplinary streams of research, philosophy, and management. The study indicates that it were not the top universities that contributed most to research advancements in the field of business ethics but second and third tier universities. This finding suggests that academic research in new subfields constitutes a niche strategy for universities and business schools to differentiate themselves. The study furthermore highlights the prominent role of the product champion or ‘idea champion’ in management research at universities. The diffusion of business ethics research illustrates the possibilities for lower ranked business schools with lower budget to excel in specialised subfields and interdisciplinary subthemes.
Path analysis model of epidural/spinal anesthesia on breastfeeding among healthy nulliparous women: Secondary analysis of the United States Certificate of Live Births 2016
Authors: Hongo Manami Anna , Fryer Kimberly , Zimmer Catherine , Tucker Christine , Palmquist Aunchalee E. L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of epidural/spinal anesthesia during labor on breastfeeding is unclear. Few studies had assessed whether or how medically assisted delivery (operative vaginal delivery or unscheduled cesarean birth) plays a mediating role. We aimed to examine whether the relationship between using epidural/spinal anesthesia and breastfeeding is mediated by increased medically assisted delivery among healthy nulliparous women.MethodsA secondary, cross‐sectional analysis was conducted using US birth certificate data from 2016 (n = 381 199). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between factors. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the model fit of the path models and to quantify the direct, indirect, and total effect of anesthesia on breastfeeding at discharge, considering medically assisted delivery as a mediator.ResultsWomen who were administered epidural/spinal anesthesia were more likely to experience medically assisted delivery (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.01 (2.91‐3.12)) and less likely to be breastfeeding at discharge (0.95 [0.92‐0.98]). Operative vaginal and unscheduled cesarean deliveries were significantly associated with nonbreastfeeding at discharge (0.81 [0.77‐0.84] and 0.81 [0.79‐0.84], respectively). SEM revealed excellent model fit for our model. The indirect effect was significant (β = −0.038; 95% CI, −0.043 to −0.033), as was the total effect (β = −0.038; 95% CI, −0.043 to −0.033).ConclusionsEpidural/spinal anesthesia is associated with nonbreastfeeding at discharge, mediated through medically assisted delivery. Health care providers should consider these risks and provide adequate support to help all parents attain their breastfeeding goals.
Aetiology of tinea capitis in China: a multicentre prospective study
Authors: Chen X.-Q. , Zheng D.-Y. , Xiao Y.-Y. , Dong B.-L. , Cao C.-W. , Ma L. , Tong Z.-S. , Zhu M. , Liu Z.-H. , Xi L.-Y. , Fu M. , Jin Y. , Yin B. , Li F.-Q. , Li X.-F. , Abliz P. , Liu H.-F. , Zhang Y. , Yu N. , Wu W.-W. , Xiong X.-C. , Zeng J.-S. , Huang H.-Q. , Jiang Y.-P. , Chen G.-Z. , Pan W.-H. , Sang H. , Wang Y. , Guo Y. , Shi D.-M. , Yang J.-X. , Chen W. , Wan Z. , Li R.-Y. , Wang A.-P. , Ran Y.-P. , Yu J. 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Background
Tinea capitis is still common in developing countries, such as China. Its pathogen spectrum varies across regions and changes over time.

Objectives
This study aimed to clarify the current epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum of tinea capitis in China.

Methods
A multicentre, prospective descriptive study involving 29 tertiary hospitals in China was conducted. From August 2019 to July 2020, 611 patients with tinea capitis were enrolled. Data concerning demography, risk factors and fungal tests were collected. When necessary, the pathogens were further identified by morphology or molecular sequencing in the central laboratory.

Results
Among all enrolled patients, 74·1% of the cases were in patients aged 2–8 years. The children with tinea capitis were mainly boys (56·2%) and were more likely than adults to have a history of animal contact (57·4% vs. 35·3%, P = 0·012) and zoophilic dermatophyte infection (73·5% vs. 47%). The adults were mainly female (83%) and were more likely than children to have anthropophilic agent infection (53% vs. 23·9%). The most common pathogen was zoophilic Microsporum canis (354, 65·2%), followed by anthropophilic Trichophyton violaceum (74, 13·6%). In contrast to the eastern, western and northeastern regions, where zoophilic M. canis predominated, anthropophilic T. violaceum predominated in central China (69%, P &lt; 0·001), where the patients had the most tinea at other sites (20%) and dermatophytosis contact (26%) but the least animal contact (39%). Microsporum ferrugineum was the most common anthropophilic agent in the western area, especially in Xinjiang province.

Conclusions
Boys aged approximately 5 years were the most commonly affected group. Dermatologists are advised to pay more attention to the different transmission routes and pathogen spectra in different age groups from different regions.
Development and validation of a mortality predicting scoring system for severe aplastic anaemia patients receiving haploidentical allogeneic transplantation
Authors: Xu Lan‐Ping , Yu Yu , Cheng Yi‐Fei , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Mo Xiao‐Dong , Han Ting‐Ting , Wang Feng‐Rong , Yan Chen‐Hua , Sun Yu‐Qian , Chen Yu‐Hong , Wang Jing‐Zhi , Xu Zheng‐Li , Tang Fei‐Fei , Han Wei , Wang Yu , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Huang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: November 2021

SummaryHaploidentical allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo‐HSCT) is a significant alternative treatment for severe aplastic anaemia (SAA). To improve this process by modifying the risk stratification system, we conducted a retrospective study using our database. 432 SAA patients who received haplo‐HSCT between 2006 and 2020 were enrolled. These patients were divided into a training (n = 288) and a validation (n = 144) subset randomly. In the training cohort, longer time from diagnosis to transplantation, poorer Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status and higher haematopoietic cell transplantation‐specific comorbidity index (HCT‐CI) score were independent risk factors for worse treatment‐related mortality (TRM) in the final multivariable model. The haplo‐HSCT scoring system was developed by these three parameters. Three‐year TRM after haplo‐HSCT were 6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1–21%], 21% (95% CI, 7–40%), and 47% (95% CI, 20–70%) for the low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk group, respectively (P < 0·0001). In the validation cohort, the haplo‐HSCT scoring system also separated patients into three risk groups with increasing risk of TRM: intermediate‐risk [hazard ratio (HR) 2·45, 95% CI, 0·92–6·53] and high‐risk (HR 11·74, 95% CI, 3·07–44·89) compared with the low‐risk group (P = 0·001). In conclusion, the haplo‐HSCT scoring system could effectively predict TRM after transplantation.
Management of uncomplicated recurrent urinary tract infections
Authors: Zare Mary , Vehreschild Maria J.G.T. , Wagenlehner Florian 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo discuss optimal management of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women. About every second woman experiences at least one UTI in her lifetime, of those 30% experience another UTI, and 3% further recurrences. Especially young healthy women without underlying anatomical deficiencies suffer from recurrent UTIs (rUTI), which are associated with significant morbidity and reduction in quality of life.MethodsThis is a narrative review, investigating publications dealing with recurrent UTI in women. Risk factors and options for management are discussed.ResultsThe increased susceptibility of women to rUTI is based on the female anatomy in addition to behavioural, genetic, and urological factors. However, why some women are more likely than others to develop and maintain rUTI remains to be clarified. Invasive characteristics of certain uropathogenic Escherichia coli that are able to form extra‐ and intracellular biofilms and may therefore cause delayed release of bacteria into the bladder, may play a role in this setting. Treatment recommendations for an acute episode of rUTI do not differ from those for isolated episodes. Given the nature of rUTI, different prophylactic approaches also play an important role. Women with rUTI should first be counselled to use non‐antibiotic strategies including behavioural changes, anti‐adhesive treatments, antiseptics, and immunomodulation, before antibiotic prophylaxis is considered. In addition to the traditional treatment and prophylactic therapies, new experimental strategies are emerging and show promising effects, such as faecal microbiota transfer (FMT), a treatment option that transfers microorganisms and metabolites of a healthy donor’s faecal matter to patients using oral capsules, enemas, or endoscopy. Initial findings suggest that FMT might be a promising treatment approach to interrupt the cycle of rUTI. Furthermore, bacteriophages, infecting and replicating in bacteria, have been clinically trialled for UTIs.ConclusionDue to the limitation of available data, novel treatment options require further clinical research to objectify the potential in treating bacterial infections, particularly UTIs.
Genetic spectrum in a Canadian cohort of apparently sporadic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: New data on multigene panel retesting over time
Authors: Parisien‐La Salle Stéfanie , Dumas Nadine , Bédard Karine , Jolin Judith , Moramarco Jessica , Lacroix André , Lévesque Isabelle , Burnichon Nelly , Gimenez‐Roqueplo Anne‐Paule , Bourdeau Isabelle 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivePheochromocytomas (PHEOs) and paragangliomas (PGLs), collectively known as PPGLs, are tumours with high heritability. The prevalence of germline mutations in apparently sporadic PPGLs varies depending on the study population. The objective of this study was to determine the spectrum of germline mutations in a cohort of patients with apparently sporadic PPGLs over time.DesignWe performed a retrospective review of patients with apparently sporadic PPGLs who underwent genetic testing at our referral centre from 2005 to 2020.Patients: We included patients with apparently sporadic PPGLs who underwent genetic testing at our referral center.Measurements: Genetic analysis included sequential gene sequencing by Sanger method or next generation sequencing (NGS) with a multigene panel.ResultsThe prevalence of germline mutations was 26.2% (43/164); 40.0% (30/75) in PGLs and 14.6% (13/89) in PHEOs. We identified four novel pathogenic variants (two SDHB and two SDHD). Patients carrying germline mutations were younger (38.7 vs. 49.7 years old) than patients with no identified germline mutations. From 2015 to 2020, we performed NGS with a multigene panel on 12 patients for whom the initial genetic analysis was negative. Germline mutations in previously untested genes were found in four (33.3%) of these patients (two MAX and two SDHA), representing 9.3% (4/43) of the mutation carriers.ConclusionThe prevalence of germline mutations in our cohort of patients with apparently sporadic PPGLs was 26.2%. Genetic re‐evaluation over time using multigene sequencing by NGS assay in a subgroup of patients leads to an increase in the detection of mutations.
Suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide versus rescue therapies for the treatment of uveitic macular oedema: A post hoc analysis of PEACHTREE
Authors: Singer Michael A. , Merrill Pauline , Yeh Steven , Hall Colette , Kapik Barry , Ciulla Thomas A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis post hoc analysis compared the efficacy and safety of suprachoroidally administered triamcinolone acetonide (CLS‐TA) to other commonly available treatments for non‐infectious uveitis.MethodsResults from the PEACHTREE study were compared between subjects randomised to CLS‐TA not requiring rescue therapy and those subjects randomised to control, who subsequently required rescue therapy. Endpoints included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfield thickness (CST), treatment emergent adverse events and intraocular pressure (IOP) related safety findings.ResultsIn this analysis, there were 83 unrescued CLS‐TA subjects and 46 rescued control subjects. At Week 24, 51.9% of the unrescued CLS‐TA subjects gained ≥15 letters in BCVA, compared to 37.0% of the rescued control subjects (p = 0.115). Unrescued CLS‐TA subjects showed a mean gain of 15.7 versus 10.9 letters in rescued control subjects (p = 0.080). A significantly greater mean reduction in CST was observed for unrescued CLS‐TA subjects versus rescued control subjects (174.0 and 148.5 μm; p = 0.040). Of unrescued CLS‐TA subjects, 4.9% experienced IOP elevations ≥30 mm Hg at any visit versus 10.9% of rescued control subjects. Further, use of IOP‐lowering medications appeared lower in unrescued CLS‐TA subjects versus rescued control subjects (7.2% vs. 13.0%). There were no IOP‐lowering surgical interventions in either group.ConclusionCLS‐TA subjects experienced significantly greater reduction in CST and tended towards greater improvement in BCVA, compared with rescued control subjects. Suprachoroidally administered CLS‐TA showed a lower incidence of IOP‐related safety findings.
TAB2 variants cause cardiovascular heart disease, connective tissue disorder, and developmental delay
Authors: Hanson Jennifer , Brezavar Daniel , Hughes Susan , Amudhavalli Shivarajan , Fleming Emily , Zhou Dihong , Alaimo Joseph T. , Bonnen Penelope E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCongenital heart defects (CHD) are the most commonly occurring birth defect and can occur in isolation or with additional clinical features comprising a genetic syndrome. Autosomal dominant variants in TAB2 are recognized by the American Heart Association as causing nonsyndromic CHD, however, emerging data point to additional, extra‐cardiac features associated with TAB2 variants. We identified 15 newly reported individuals with pathogenic TAB2 variants and reviewed an additional 24 subjects with TAB2 variants in the literature. Analysis showed 64% (25/39) of individuals with disease resulting from TAB2 single nucleotide variants (SNV) had syndromic CHD or adult‐onset cardiomyopathy with one or more extra‐cardiac features. The most commonly co‐occurring features with CHD or cardiomyopathy were facial dysmorphism, skeletal and connective tissue defects and most subjects with TAB2 variants present as a connective tissue disorder. Notably, 53% (8/15) of our cohort displayed developmental delay and we suspect this may be a previously unappreciated feature of TAB2 disease. We describe the largest cohort of subjects with TAB2 SNV and show that in addition to heart disease, features across multiple systems are present in most TAB2 cases. In light of our findings, we recommend that TAB2 be included on the list of genes that cause syndromic CHD, adult‐onset cardiomyopathy, and connective tissue disorder.
Ninety‐day morbidity of robot‐assisted redo surgery for recurrent rectal prolapse, mesh erosion and pelvic pain: lessons learned from 9 years’ experience in a tertiary referral centre
Authors: van der Schans Emma M. , Verheijen Paul M. , Broeders Ivo A. M. J. , Consten Esther C. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimWith increasing follow‐up of patients treated with minimally invasive ventral mesh rectopexy (VMR) more redo surgery can be expected for recurrent rectal prolapse, mesh erosion and pelvic pain. The aim of this study is to evaluate the 90‐day morbidity of robot‐assisted redo interventions.MethodAll robot‐assisted redo interventions after primary transabdominal repair of rectal prolapse between 2011 and 2019 were retrospectively analysed and compared with the results for patients after primary robot‐assisted VMR during the same period. The redo interventions were divided into groups based on the indication for surgery (recurrent prolapse, mesh erosion, pelvic pain). Intraoperative complications and 90‐day postoperative morbidity were evaluated.ResultsThree hundred and fifty nine patients were treated with primary VMR, with 73 for recurrent rectal prolapse, 12 for mesh erosion and 14 for pelvic pain. Complications of recurrent prolapse surgeries were comparable to those of primary VMR (p > 0.05). More intraoperative complications, minor and major complications were seen in redo surgery for erosion compared with primary VMR (23% vs. 3%, p = 0.01; 31% vs. 11%, p = 0.055; and 38% vs. 1%, p < 0.01 respectively). The frequency of intraoperative complications after redo surgery for pelvic pain was 7% with minor and major morbidity rates of 14% and 7% (p > 0.05). Half of the patients with pelvic pain experienced relief of their symptoms.ConclusionRedo surgery for management of recurrent rectal prolapse is safe. Redo surgery for mesh erosion is associated with high morbidity rates. Redo surgery for pelvic pain can have major complications and is only effective in half of the cases.
Cellular stress response to extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMF): An explanation for controversial effects of ELF‐EMF on apoptosis
Authors: Barati Mojdeh , Darvishi Behrad , Javidi Mohammad Amin , Mohammadian Ali , Shariatpanahi Seyed Peyman , Eisavand Mohammad Reza , Madjid Ansari Alireza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImpaired apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer, and almost all of the non‐surgical approaches of eradicating tumour cells somehow promote induction of apoptosis. Indeed, numerous studies have stated that non‐ionizing non‐thermal extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MF) can modulate the induction of apoptosis in exposed cells; however, much controversy exists in observations. When cells are exposed to ELF‐EMF alone, very low or no statistically significant changes in apoptosis are observed. Contrarily, exposure to ELF‐EMF in the presence of a co‐stressor, including a chemotherapeutic agent or ionizing radiation, can either potentiate or inhibit apoptotic effects of the co‐stressor. In our idea, the main point neglected in interpreting these discrepancies is “the cellular stress responses” of cells following ELF‐EMF exposure and its interplay with apoptosis. The main purpose of the current review was to outline the triangle of ELF‐EMF, the cellular stress response of cells and apoptosis and to interpret and unify discrepancies in results based on it. Therefore, initially, we will describe studies performed on identifying the effect of ELF‐EMF on induction/inhibition of apoptosis and enumerate proposed pathways through which ELF‐EMF exposure may affect apoptosis; then, we will explain cellular stress response and cues for its induction in response to ELF‐EMF exposure; and finally, we will explain why such controversies have been observed by different investigators.
Pragmatic review of interventions to prevent inpatient hypoglycaemia
Authors: Gray Jodi , Roseleur Jacqueline , Edney Laura , Karnon Jonathan ,   the Southern Adelaide Local Health Network’s (SALHN) Hypoglycaemia Clinical Working Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsThis pragmatic review aimed to map and summarize the literature on model of care interventions to prevent inpatient hypoglycaemia. Model of care interventions were broadly defined as interventions that either directly target the workforce or where implementation had a strong workforce effect. The review intended to provide information for decision‐makers in local health care settings regarding potential interventions to prevent inpatient hypoglycaemia in their local context.MethodsPubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus and Scopus were systematically searched from 2009 to 2019 using key search terms for hypoglycaemia and hospital and evaluation. Included articles had to report an inpatient hypoglycaemia‐related outcome. Interventions were categorized by intervention type and setting. Dysglycaemia outcomes were extracted (severe‐hypoglycaemia, hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and severe‐hyperglycaemia).ResultsForty‐nine articles were included in the review. Interventions were categorized as: services (n = 8), role expansion (n = 6), education (n = 9), audit and feedback (n = 1), alerts and reminders (n = 3), protocol implementation methods (n = 1), order sets (n = 6), insulin charts (n = 1) and electronic glycaemic management systems (n = 14). Twenty‐one articles reported on ICU‐specific interventions, and 28 on interventions in non‐ICU‐specific settings. Study designs were predominantly non‐randomized (n = 40).ConclusionsThe review found positive evidence for a diverse range of evaluated interventions to prevent inpatient hypoglycaemia. Local decision‐makers can use this review to identify interventions relevant to their local context. We suggest they evaluate those interventions using a decision analytic framework that combines the published evidence on effectiveness with local prevalence data to estimate the expected cost‐effectiveness of the intervention options when implemented in their local context.