bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Honorary Authorship in Health Sciences: A Protocol for a Systematic Review of Survey Research
Authors: Reynders Reint A Meursinge , Riet Gerben Ter , Girolamo Nicola Di , Malički Mario 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHonorary authorship refers to the practice of naming an individual who has made little or no contribution to a publication as an author. Honorary authorship inflates the output estimates of honorary authors and deflates the value of the work by authors who truly merit authorship. This manuscript presents the protocol for a systematic review that will assess the prevalence of five honorary authorship issues in health sciences.MethodsSurveys of authors of scientific publications in health sciences that assess prevalence estimates will be eligible. No selection criteria will be set for the time point for measuring outcomes, the setting, the language of the publication, and the publication status. Eligible manuscripts are searched from inception onwards in PubMed, Lens.org, and Dimensions.ai. Two calibrated authors will independently search, determine eligibility of manuscripts and conduct data extraction. The quality of each review outcome for each eligible manuscript will be assessed with a 14 items checklist developed and piloted for this review. Data will be qualitatively synthesized and quantitative syntheses will be performed where feasible. Criteria for precluding quantitative syntheses were defined a priori. The pooled random effects double arcsine transformed summary event rates of five outcomes on honorary authorship issues with the pertinent 95% confidence intervals will be calculated if these criteria are met. Summary estimates will be displayed after back-transformation. Stata software (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas, USA) version 16 will be used for all statistical analyses. Statistical heterogeneity will be assessed using Tau2 and Chi2 tests and I2 to quantify inconsistency.DiscussionThe outcomes of the planned systematic review will give insights in the magnitude of honorary authorship in health sciences and could direct new research studies to develop and implement strategies to address this problem. However, the validity of the outcomes could be influenced by low response rates, inadequate research design, weighting issues, and recall bias in the eligible surveys. Systematic review registration This protocol was registered a priori in the Open Science Framework (OSF) link: https://osf.io/5nvar/
Antitrypanosomal Activity of Hydromethanol Extract of Leaves of Cymbopogon Citratus and Seeds of Lepidium Sativum: in-vivo Mice Model
Authors: Emiru Ayechew Yetayeh , Eshetu Eyasu Makonnen , Gari Fikru Regassa , Gudeta Fekadu Regassa , Tufa Takele Beyene 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Trypanosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases of both humans and animals which decreases their productivity and causes death in the worst scenario. Unavailability of vaccine, low therapeutic index of trypanocidal drugs, and development of resistance lead to the need for research focused on developing alternative treatment options especially from medicinal plants. The present study was aimed to investigate antitrypanosomal activities of leaves of Cymbopogon citratus and seeds of Lepidium sativum in in vivo mice model. Methods: The plant extracts were prepared by maceration using 80% methanol and reconstituted with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to have the desired concentration. The test doses were adjusted to 100, 200 and 400mg/kg based on the toxicity profile. The Plants extracts were administered to the respective groups of mice after the 12th day of field isolate T. congolense inoculation for seven consecutive days. The level of parasitemia, body weight, packed cell volume, and differential white blood cell counts were measured.Results: The in vivo test results revealed that both plant extracts had dose dependent antitrypanosomal activity. Both crude extracts showed a significant reduction in parasite load (P<0.05), ameliorate anaemia (increased or prevent the fall of PCV value) (P<0.05), decreased lymphocytosis and increased neutrophil counts (p<0.05) and improved body weight but significant body weight increment (P<0.05) was observed only in C. citratus treated mice compared to the negative and positive controls. Comparative results from all tested parameters showed that the best activities were observed with C. citratus treated groups of mice. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the crude extracts of leaves of C. citratus and seeds of L. sativum had antitrypanosomal effects and can be potential targets for further studies on the development of alternative antitrypanosomal agents.
Estimates of the social cost of carbon have not changed over time
Authors: Tol Richard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Some claim that as knowledge about climate change accumulates, the social cost of carbon increases. A meta-analysis of published estimates shows that this is not the case. Correcting for inflation and emission year and controlling for the discount rate, kernel density decomposition reveals a stationary distribution. Actual carbon prices are almost everywhere below the estimated social cost of carbon.
N-Staging in Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung: Diagnostic Value of FDG PET/CT Compared to the Histopathology Reference Standard
Authors: Hautzel Hubertus , Alnajdawi Yazan , Fendler Wolfgang P , Rischpler Christoph , Darwiche Kaid , Eberhardt Wilfried E , Umutlu Lale , Theegarten Dirk , Stuschke Martin , Schuler Martin , Aigner Clemens , Herrmann Ken , Plönes Till 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background:Large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung (LCNEC) is a rare entity occurring in less than 4% of all lung cancers. Due to its low differentiation and high glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression LCNEC demonstrates an increased glucose turnover. Thus, PET/CT with 2-[18F]-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) is suitable for LCNEC staging. Surgery with curative intent is the treatment of choice in early stage LCNEC. Prerequisite for this is correct lymph node staging. This study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic performance of FDG PET/CT validated by histopathology following surgical resection or mediastinoscopy. N-staging interrater-reliability was assessed to test for robustness of the FDG PET/CT findings.Methods:Between 03/2014 and 12/2020 46 patients with LCNEC were included in this single center retrospective analysis. All underwent FDG PET/CT for pre-operative staging and subsequently either surgery (n=38) or mediastinoscopy (n=8). Regarding the lymph node involvement, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for FDG PET/CT using the final histopathological N-staging (pN0 to pN3) as reference.Results:Per patient 14 ± 7 (range 4 - 32) lymph nodes were resected and histologically processed. 31/46 patients had no LCNEC spread into the lymph nodes. In 8/46 patients final stage was pN1, in 5/46 pN2 and in 2/46 pN3. FDG PET/CT diagnosed lymph node metastasis of LCNEC with a sensitivity of 93%, a specificity of 87%, an accuracy of 89%, a PPV of 78% and a NPV of 96%. Interrater-reliability was high with a strong level of agreement (κ=0.82).Conclusions:In LCNEC N-staging with FDG PET/CT demonstrates both high sensitivity and specificity, an excellent NPV but a slightly reduced PPV. Accordingly, preoperative invasive mediastinal staging may be omitted in cases with cN0 disease by FDG PET/CT. In FDG PET/CT cN1-cN3 stages histological confirmation is warranted, particularly in case of only moderate FDG uptake.
Synergistic Effect of Metformin and Vemurufenib (PLX4032) as a Molecular Targeted Therapy in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Durai Latha , Ravindran Soundharya , Karunagaran Devarajan , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Vijayalakshmi Ramshankar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Survival rate of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is less than 5% with current treatment. Deregulated cell signaling pathways such as BRAF/MAPK/ERK pathway and AMPK pathway along with suppression of iodine metabolising genes including NIS and TSHR are seen in ATC. In ATC, BRAFV600E mutation is the major mutation occurring in ATC that constitutively activate MAPK/ERK signaling and result in the transformation of normal cells in to undifferentiated cancer cells. Although Vemurufenib is a selective oral drug for the BRAFV600E mutant kinase with a response rate of nearly 50% in metastatic melanoma, our study on ATC has showed resistance to Vemurafenib. Metformin, a diabetic drug is an AMPK activator and has recently proved to be involved in preventing or treating several types of cancer. Using iGEMDock software, a protein-ligand interaction was successful between Metformin and TSHR in our study and demonstrated that combination of Vemurufenib with metformin has synergistic anti-cancer effects and provide the evidence that the combination of drugs suppressed the progression of ATC cells growth by inducing significant apoptosis through downregulation of ERK signaling, upregulation of AMPK pathway and by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers - E-cadherin and Vimentin expression. Our results suggest that Metformin act as a demethylating agent in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells by inducing the expression of NIS and TSHR. cAMP signaling has been studied in ATC for the first time through our study wherein cAMP signaling is downregulated due to decrease in intracellular cAMP level upon metformin treatment. To conclude, our findings demonstrate novel therapeutic targets and treatment strategies for undifferentiated ATC.
Medical Cannabis in Children and Adolescents in Switzerland: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Zürcher Kathrin , Dupont Carole , Weber Peter , Grunt Sebastian , Wilhelm Ilca , Eigenmann Daniela E , Reichmuth Martina L , Fankhauser Manfred , Egger Matthias , Fenner Lukas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Evidence on use and efficacy of medical cannabis for children is limited. We examined clinical and epidemiological characteristics of medical cannabis treatment and caregiver-reported effects in children and adolescents in Switzerland.Methods: We collected clinical data from children and adolescents (<18 years) who received Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), or a combination of the two between 2008 and 2019 in Switzerland. Results: Out of 205 contacted families, 90 agreed to participate. The median age at the first prescription was 11.5 years (interquartile range (IQR) 6-16), and 32 patients were female (36%). Fifty-one (57%) patients received CBD and 39 (43%) THC. Patients were more likely to receive THC therapy if one of the following symptoms or signs were present: spasticity, pain, lack of weight gain, vomiting, or nausea, whereas seizures were the dominant indication for CBD therapy. Improvements were reported in 59 (66%) study participants. The largest treatment effects were reported for pain, spasticity, and frequency of seizures in participants treated with THC, and for those treated with pure CBD, the frequency of seizures. However, 43% of caregivers reported treatment interruption, mainly because of lack of improvement (56%), side effects (46%), the need for a gastric tube (44%), and cost considerations (23%).Conclusions: The effects of medical cannabis in children and adolescents with chronic conditions are unknown, but the caregiver-reported data reported here may justify trials of medical cannabis with standardized concentrations of THC or CBD to assess its efficacy in the young.
A novel Aloe Vera-Loaded Ethylcellulose/Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Nanofibrous Mat Designed For Wound Healing Application
Authors: Yavari Leila , Ghorbani Marjan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Newly, the usage of nanofibers (NFs) as wound dressings with the aim of their rapid healing and prevention of bacterial infection has been considered by researchers. In this regard, we produced the ethylcellulose/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose NFs incorporated with Aloe-vera (EC/HPMC/Alv) by the electrospinning technique. The produced NFs were investigated for their chemical structure, morphological, mechanical, thermal stability, degradation, swelling, cell viability, and antibacterial properties. Amongst the produced NFs, the NF samples containing 10% Alv illustrated the appropriate thermal stability and tensile properties. The produced NFs did not show any cell cytotoxicity which indicates their good compatibility. Also, NFs containing Alv significantly (P<0.05) increased cell proliferation and adhesion. In addition, the NFs/Alv sample was indicated antibacterial ability against S. aureus (10.21 ± 1.21 mm) and E. coli (5.06 ± 1.3 mm) pathogenic bacteria. As a result, these findings suggest that the produced NFs could be applied as an active mat for wound dressing application.
Prevalence of Nephropathy Among Type Two Diabetes Patients in Eastern Mediterranean Region: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zeighami Shahryar , Shaabani Sonia , Moheb Mohammad , Pakfetrat Maryam , Azarchehry Seyede Pegah , Dehghankhalili Saeid , Mirahmadizadeh Alireza , Heiran Alireza 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives: The high prevalence of diabetes leads to an increase in diabetic complications, and diabetic nephropathy as one them is a leading cause of end stage renal disease and renal replacement therapies. Individual studies on the prevalence diabetic nephropathy in Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) showed the high prevalence of diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant studies to estimate nephropathy among type two diabetes patients in EMR. Method: We searched for the relevant keywords in title and abstract of Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of knowledge, as well as Google Scholar and manual search to identify the published target studies from Jan 1st, 2000 to December 13, 2020. The two-step screening was carried out by two independent researchers and relevant data were extracted. Estimation of summary proportions, subgroup analysis, meta-regressions, and publication bias assessment were performed.Results: Amongst 3225 identified citations, 38 articles were entered into meta-analysis, involving 112,235 patients. We found that the prevalence of nephropathy in type two diabetes was 26.34% (95% confidence interval (CI)= 21.04%, 32%). Prevalence of nephropathy was 30.42% (95% CI= 23.38%, 37.94%) in males 22.1% (95% CI= 16.05%, 28.79%) in females. Low HDI countries and very high HDI countries had the lowest (21.17% (95% CI= 1.1%, 56.22%)) and the highest (30.93% (95% CI= 22.16%, 40.44%)) prevalence rates. The meta-regression analysis showed that HDI, publication year, mean duration of diabetes, mean age, and diagnostic test were not significant moderators (p = .3323, .7247, .2802, .2199, and .4680, respectively).Conclusions: We estimated a high prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in EMR. Our results implicate the importance of diabetes screening, on time and periodic examinations for nephropathy, diabetes care, and risk factor controls. Large-scale longitudinal studies should be conducted in EMR.
Experimental Investigation and Optimization of Delamination Factors in the Drilling of Jute Fiber Reinforced Polymer Biocomposites with Multiple Estimators
Authors: Adda Bachir , Belaadi Ahmed , Boumaaza Messaouda , Bourchak Mostefa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Currently, the manufacture of composite structures often requires material removal operations using a cutting tool. Indeed, since biocomposites are generally materials that do not conduct electricity, electro-erosion cannot be utilized. As a result, the processes that can be used are limited to conventional machining, called chip removal machining, such as drilling. Delamination factors are widely recognized for controlling the damaged area (delamination) induced by drilling in industry. As discussed in the literature, several approaches are available to evaluate and quantify the delamination surrounding a hole. In this context, the objective of this study is to compare the three Fd evaluation methods that have been most frequently used in previous investigations. To this end, three rotational and feed speeds and three BSD tool diameters were selected (L27) for drilling 155 g/m2 density jute fabric reinforced polyester biocomposites. The response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were applied to validate the results obtained experimentally as well as to predict the behavior of the structure depending on the cutting conditions.
A Study on the Evaluation Method of Autonomous Vehicle for Fixed Targets
Authors: Kim Bong-Ju , Lee Seon-Bong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recently, the automobile industry aims to commercialize autonomous vehicles, standardization and research and development are actively underway based on the specifications of automotive electronic control systems and the verification of functional errors. Based on this, autonomous driving technology is becoming more advanced, and it is preparing for an era of full autonomous driving through V2X technology convergence. It is also, expanding the models of ADAS applied vehicles such as FCW, BSD, LCA. Based on this, research is also actively underway to secure safety of vehicles and pedestrians, such as V2X, Localization, Fail Safe, to supplement the limitations of sensor-based autonomous driving. In this regard, this study proposes a theoretical formula for longitudinal relative distance computation for autonomous vehicles evaluation method, and uses test device such as DGPS to collects and verify data. In addition, a scenario was proposed for the fixed target, based on this, four types of test were formed to conduct the actual test, and the relative distances were compared, analyzed and verified. Comparative analysis results, in the second test of the first test scenario, the avoidance test of the fixed target in driving own lane, the minimum error rate was 0.5%, and in the second test of fourth test scenario, the avoidance test of the fixed target in driving own lane, the maximum error rate was 7.4%. The main cause of error is, it was judged as an error due to sensor recognition, depending on the scenario progress method, the condition of the test path, and the weather such as sunlight. In the future, we plan to conduct an evaluation on moving target.
Exploration of IAA Producing Bacteria And Amylolitic Bacteria From Several East Java Lakes, and Their Potency For Microbial Consortium To Accelerate Chlorella Vulgaris Growth
Authors: Nafi'ah Imroatun , Prabaningtyas Sitoresmi , Witjoro Agung , Basitoh Yanis Kurnia , Rodiansyah Achmad , Aridhowi Dhiyauddin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The consortium of various types of bacteria from lakes in East Java has the potency to stimulate microalgae Chlorella vulgaris growth. Increased microalgae density from co-culture has an excellent potency for sources of biomass that can be developed for renewable energy. Several stages conducted of this research started from an exploration of IAA producing bacteria and amylolytic bacteria from several East Java Lakes; then, the highest bacterial isolates were identified with morphological and genotypical characteristics. The well-characterized bacterial isolates were used for the microbial consortium in co-culture with C. vulgaris. The treatment used in this study as follows: I) C. vulgaris without bacteria culture as a control, II) amylolytic bacteria + C. vulgaris, III) IAA-producing bacteria + C. vulgaris, IV) potential amylolytic bacteria and IAA-producing bacteria + C. vulgaris. The exploration result of potential bacteria from Ranu Pani, Ranu Regulo, Telaga Ngebel, and Ranu Grati lakes was found 53 amylolytic bacterial isolates, and 90 isolates IAA-producing bacteria. The highest amylolytic bacteria (isolate L) is related to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, while the most elevated IAA-producing bacteria (isolate C) is related to Bacillus paramycoides. The highest cell density was produced in treatment III, reaching 2.7 x 106 cells/mL on day 50th. The treatments with supplement bacteria showed a significant effect for accelerating the growth of microalgae compared to control.
A Note on Neutrosophic Soft Set With Rough Set
Authors: Das Minakhi , Mohanty Debadutta , Parida Kedar Chandra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Rough set is a very powerful invention to the whole world for dealing with uncertain, incomplete and imprecise problems. Also soft set theory and neutrosophic set theory both are advance mathematical tools to handle these uncertain, incomplete, inconsistent information in a better way. The purpose of this article is to expand the scope of rough set, soft set and neutrosophic set theory. We have introduced the concept of neutrosophic soft set with roughness without using full soft set. Some definition, properties and examples have been established on neutrosophic soft rough set. Moreover, dispensable and equalities are written on roughness with neutrosophic soft set.
Contribution of SOS Genes to H2O2-induced Apoptosis-like Death in Escherichia Coli
Authors: Kim Heesu , Lee Dong Gun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a debriding agent that damages the microbial structure and function by generating various reactive oxygen species (ROS). H2O2-produced hydroxyl radical (OH∙) also exert oxidative stress on microorganisms. The spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a serious issue worldwide, and greater efforts are needed to identify and characterize novel antibacterial mechanisms to develop new treatment strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between H2O2 and Escherichia coli and to elucidate a novel antibacterial mechanism(s) of H2O2. Following H2O2 exposure, increased levels of 8-hydroxyldeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde indicated that H2O2 accelerates oxidation of bacterial DNA and lipids in E. coli. As oxidative damage worsened, the SOS response was triggered. Cell division arrest and resulting filamentation were identified in cells, indicating that LexA was involved in DNA replication. It was also verified that RecA, a representative SOS gene, helps self-cleavage of LexA and acts as a bacterial caspase-like protein. Our findings also showed that dinF is essential to preserve E. coli from H2O2-induced ROS, and furthermore, demonstrated that H2O2-induced SOS response and SOS genes participate differently in guarding E. coli from oxidative stress. As an extreme SOS response is considered apoptosis-like death (ALD) in bacteria, additional experiments were performed to examine the characteristics of ALD. DNA fragmentation and membrane depolarization appeared in H2O2-treated cells, suggesting that H2O2 causes ALD in E. coli. In conclusion, our investigations revealed that ALD is a novel antibacterial mode of action(s) of H2O2 with important contributions from SOS genes.