bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocean warming and species range shifts affect rates of ecosystem functioning by altering consumer–resource interactions
Authors: Gilson Abby R. , Smale Dan A. , O’Connor Nessa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent warming trends have driven widespread changes in the performance and distribution of species in many regions, with consequent shifts in assemblage structure and ecosystem functioning. However, as responses to warming vary across species and regions, novel communities are emerging, particularly where warm‐affinity range‐expanding species have rapidly colonized communities still dominated by cold‐affinity species. Such community reconfiguration may alter core ecosystem processes, such as productivity or nutrient cycling, yet it remains unclear whether novel communities function similarly to those they have replaced, and how continued warming will alter functioning in the near future. Using simplified kelp forest communities as a model system, we compared rates of respiration, consumption and secondary productivity between current cold‐affinity and future warm‐affinity kelp assemblages under both present‐day temperatures and near‐future warming in a series of mesocosm experiments. Overall, respiration rates of gastropods and amphipods increased with warming but did not differ between cold and warm affinity kelp assemblages. Consumption rates of three consumers (urchin, gastropod and amphipod) differed between kelp assemblages but only amphipod consumption rates increased with warming. A diet derived from warm‐affinity kelp assemblages led to a decrease in growth and biomass of urchins, whereas the response of other consumers was variable depending on temperature treatment. These results suggest that climate‐driven changes in assemblage structure of primary producers will alter per capita rates of ecosystem functioning, and that specific responses may vary in complex and unpredictable ways, with some mediated by warming more than others. Understanding how differences in life history and functional traits of dominant species will affect ecological interactions and, in turn, important ecosystem processes is crucial to understanding the wider implications of climate‐driven community reconfiguration.
Ursodeoxycholic acid impairs liver‐infiltrating T‐cell chemotaxis through IFN‐γ and CX3CL1 production in primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Shimoyama Shin , Kawata Kazuhito , Ohta Kazuyoshi , Chida Takeshi , Suzuki Tetsuro , Tsuneyama Koichi , Shimoda Shinji , Kurono Nobuhito , Leung Patrick S.C. , Gershwin M. Eric , Suda Takafumi , Kobayashi Yoshimasa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUrsodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the primary treatment for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Studies suggest that UDCA enhances NF erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NFE2L2) expression and that the interaction between IFN‐γ and C‐X3‐C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) facilitates biliary inflammation in PBC. Therefore, we examined the effects of UDCA on the expression of IFN‐γ and CX3CL1 in in vitro and in vivo PBC models such as human liver tissue, a murine model, cell lines, and isolated human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (IHBECs). We observed a significant decrease in IFN‐γ mRNA levels and positive correlations between IFN‐γ and CX3CL1 mRNA levels post‐UDCA treatment in PBC livers. NFE2L2‐mediated transcriptional activation was significantly enhanced in UDCA‐treated Jurkat cells. In 2‐octynoic acid‐immunized mice, IFN‐γ production by liver‐infiltrating T cells was dependent on NFE2L2 activation. IFN‐γ significantly and dose‐dependentlyinduced CX3CL1 expression, which was significantly decreased in HuCC‐T1 cells and IHBECs upon UDCA treatment. These results suggest that UDCA‐induced suppression of IFN‐γ and CX3CL1 production attenuates the chemotactic and adhesive abilities of liver‐infiltrating T cells in PBC.
Mixed‐Metal Monophosphate Tungsten Bronzes Containing Rhodium and Iridium
Authors: Karbstein Alexander , Weber Markus , Lahr Dominic , Daniels Jörg , Assenmacher Wilfried , Mader Werner , Rosowski Frank , Schunk Stephan A. , Glaum Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSolution combustion synthesis followed by annealing in air led to the MPTB‐related phosphates (Rh1/6W5/6O3)8(PO2)4, (Ir1/6W5/6O3)8(PO2)4 (a=5.258(2) Å, b=6.538(3) Å, c=17.322(8) Å), (Rh1/9W8/9O3)12(PO2)4 and (Rh2/21W19/21O3)14(PO2)4. Single‐crystals of the mixed‐metal (Rh,W)‐MPTBs at m=4 and at m=7 were grown by chemical vapor transport (CVT). Their crystal structures have been refined from X‐ray single‐crystal data {(Rh,W)‐MPTB at m=4: P212121, Z=1, a=5.2232(3) Å, b=6.4966(3) Å, c=17.3819(9) Å, R1=0.032, wR2=0.075 for 1714 unique reflections, 1524 with Fo>4σ(Fo), 66 variables, 1 constraint, composition from refinement (Rh0.15W0.85O3)8(PO2)4; (Rh,W)‐MPTB at m=7: P21/n, Z=1, a=5.2510(4) Å, b=6.4949(5) Å, c=26.685(2) Å, β=90.30(1)°, R1=0.060, wR2=0.163 for 2074 unique reflections, 1894 with Fo>4σ(Fo), 100 variables, comp. from ref. (Rh0.07W0.93O3)14(PO2)4}. These structure refinements show unexpected distribution of Rh and W over the available metal sites. Further characterization (powder reflectance and magnetic measurements) of the (Rh,W)‐MPTB at m=4 and at m=7 suggest for both phases a homogeneity range with respect to the Rh/W ratio and the presence of small amounts of W5+ besides Rh3+ and W6+. Results of the ligand field analysis for the reference material Rh(PO3)3, which is containing the octahedral chromophore [RhIIIO6], are reported (Δo=23200 cm−1, B=490 cm−1).
Self‐Assembly of Cobalt(II) Coordination Polymers with Differently Halosubstituted Nicotinate Ligands and 4,4’‐Bipyridine – The Effect of the Halosubstituent Positions on Polymer Types
Authors: Hok Lucija , Lluch Sanchez Eloi , Vianello Robert , Kukovec Boris‐Marko , Popović Zora 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwo structurally different 1D cobalt(II) coordination polymers with 4,4’‐bipyridine (4,4’‐bpy) and 2‐chloronicotinate (2‐Cl‐nic) or 5‐bromonicotinate (5‐Br‐nic), namely {[Co(2‐Cl‐nic)2(4,4’‐bpy)(H2O)2] ⋅ 4H2O}n (1) and {[Co(4,4’‐bpy)(H2O)4] [Co(5‐Br‐nic)4(H2O)2] ⋅ 4,4’‐bpy ⋅ 2H2O}n (2), were prepared under the same experimental conditions. The cobalt(II) ions in 1 are bridged by 4,4’‐bipyridine ligands into a 1D polymeric chain, each cobalt(II) ion being coordinated with two O‐monodentate 2‐chloronicotinate ligands and two water molecules as well, while 2 consists of a complex cation {[Co(4,4’‐bpy)(H2O)4]2+}n, in which cobalt(II) ions are bridged by 4,4’‐bipyridine ligands into a 1D polymeric chain, and a complex anion [Co(5‐Br‐nic)4(H2O)2]2−, in which cobalt(II) ion is coordinated with four 5‐bromonicotinate ligands (two of them being O‐monodentate and the other two are N‐monodentate) and two water molecules. DFT calculations revealed a correlation between the halosubstituent (chlorine or bromine) positions in the employed nicotinate ligands and the cobalt(II) coordination environments in the obtained coordination polymers, being responsible for their different structural types.
A binder‐free composite of graphite and kaolinite as a stable working electrode for general electrochemical applications
Authors: Karunadasa Kohobhange S. P. , Rathnayake Dananjali , Manoratne Chinthan , Pitawala Amarasooriya , Rajapakse Gamini 
Published: March 2021

AbstractComposite electrodes are essential to overcome dynamic challenges related to electrodes made of polymeric binders. Herein, this work reports a composite electrode consisting of graphite and kaolinite (GKCE) as a potential alternative for commercial electrodes. The GKCE series exhibits exponential decay in resistivity parallel to the linear increase in mechanical strength depending on the relative strength of the unique lamella‐like graphite structure when going from low to high graphite percentage. GKCE with 80% graphite employed as the model working electrode for analyte detection and electropolymerization. GKCE can produce a typical voltammogram response with a narrow potential range and highest sensitivity (1.2 A m/mol) towards the analyte (Fe2+/Fe3+) compared to commercial working electrodes. Electropolymerization with GKCE leads to a polyaniline network consisting of nanofibers with the lowest charge transfer resistance of 403 Ω. GKCE is a potential low‐cost electrode for general electrochemical applications in comparison with expensive commercial working electrodes.
Experimental charging/discharging studies of organic phase change materials for cold thermal energy storage application
Authors: Chinnasamy Veerakumar , Appukuttan Sreekumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article presents the experimental charging and discharging characteristics of two organic phase change materials (PCMs) for the application of cold thermal energy storage. Lauryl alcohol and butyl stearate were encapsulated in rectangular encapsulation and the experimental study was carried out in vapor compression refrigeration system. The experiment also conducted for different masses of PCMs and the result showed that lauryl alcohol shows stable phase change with less temperature variation of 3.5°C during the charging and discharging which is not evidenced in butyl stearate. Also, the discharging duration is more in lauryl alcohol than butyl stearate due to its high energy density. The discharge in lauryl alcohol occurs for more than two times of the discharge time of the butyl stearate. Both the PCMs produced cooling inside the chamber during the experiment but comparatively lauryl alcohol advances in the real‐time performance and recommended for cold thermal energy storage applications.
Segregation/cycling effects on thermophysical properties of salt hydrate phase change materials
Authors: Nada Sameh A. , Alshaer Walid G. , Saleh Ramy M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnergy storage systems designers normally use the thermophysical properties of phase change materials (PCMs) from the manufactures/suppliers data sheet. Unfortunately, sometimes PCMs systems do not behalf according to supplier data sheet, especially after cycling use. Designing systems based on these unrealistic data sheet make the system operates at off design conditions most of time. The problem is substantially appears in salt hydrates PCMs systems. In this short communication, a case study of such discrepancies in air free cooling is addressed. The system design was based on SP24E PCM data sheet, but results showed that liquids and solidus lines cannot shown on the temperature transient history during charging and discharging process, and complete solidification and melting could not be obtained. For further detailed investigations; differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) tests were conducted for SP24E PCM and completely different results than supplier data sheet were obtained DSC tests showed (a) a wide range of temperature variation during melting and solidifications, (b) phase change starts and ends at lower temperatures compared with supplier data sheet, and (c) phase change latent heat is lower than the one listed in supplier data sheet.
A Note of Gratitude for Leith
Authors: Williams Bianca C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBianca Williams writes a note of gratitude to Leith Mullings, retracing many moments that they shared together. In particular, she shares lessons that Mullings taught her about social movement organizing, transformative justice work, Black feminist leadership, and the role that the academy may or may not play in racial justice for Black Lives.
Impact of later retirement on mortality: Evidence from France
Authors: Bozio Antoine , Garrouste Clémentine , Perdrix Elsa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of delaying retirement on mortality among the French population. We take advantage of the 1993 pension reform in the private sector to identify the causal effect of an increase in claiming age on mortality. We use administrative data which provide detailed information on career characteristics, dates of birth and death. Our results, precisely estimated, show that an exogenous increase of one year in the claiming age has no significant impact on the probability to die, measured between age 61 and 79, even when we allow for nonlinear effects of treatment intensity. To test the power of our sample to detect statistically significant effects for rare events like death, we compute minimum detectable effects (MDEs). Our MDE estimates suggest that, if an impact of later retirement on mortality would be detectable, it would remain very small in magnitude.
Spatial and seasonal variability of sediment accumulation potential through controlled flooding of the beels located in the polders of the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna delta of Southwest Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Feroz , Middelkoop Hans , Schot Paul P. , Dekker Stefan C. , Griffioen Jasper 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna (GBM) delta plain within Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable to relative sea level rise (RSLR) in the world especially under current anthropogenically modified (i.e., embanked) conditions. Tidal river management (TRM) as practiced in coastal regions of Bangladesh may provide an opportunity to combat RSLR by raising the land level through controlled sedimentation inside beels (depression within embanked polders) with re‐opening of polders. To date, TRM has been applied to tide‐dominated coastal regions, but the potential applicability of TRM for the beels within the polders of river‐dominated and mixed flow (MF) regimes remains to be assessed. We apply a calibrated 2D numerical hydromorphodynamic model to quantify sediment deposition in a beel flooded through breaching of the polder dike under conditions of river‐dominated, tide‐dominated and MF regimes for different seasons and applying different regulation schemes for the flow into the beel. Simulation results show considerable seasonality in sediment deposition with largest deposition during the monsoon season. The potential of controlled flooding is highest in the tide‐dominated region, where sediment accumulation can be up to 28 times higher than in the river‐dominated region. Regulating flow into a beel increases trapping efficiency, but results in slightly lower total deposition than without regulation. We conclude that re‐establishing flooding of the beel within the polder without regulating the flow into the beel through breaching of the polder dike is a promising strategy for the mixed and tide‐dominated flow regions in the delta as the sediment accumulation can raise the land surface at a higher rate than RSLR and effective SLR (ESLR). In the more upstream river‐dominated section of the delta, accumulation rates would be much lower, but the pressure of sea level rise on these areas is lower as well. Owing to the abundant availability of sediment, application of controlled flooding like TRM therefore provides an opportunity to counteract the impact of RSLR and ESLR by means of land raising, particularly along the tidal river reaches in the GBM delta.
The impact of aquifer stratification on saltwater intrusion characteristics. Comprehensive laboratory and numerical study
Authors: Etsias Georgios , Hamill Gerard A. , Águila Jesús F. , Benner Eric M. , McDonnell Mark C. , Ahmed Ashraf A. , Flynn Raymond 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLaboratory experiments and numerical simulations were utilized in this study to assess the impact of aquifer stratification on saltwater intrusion. Three homogeneous and six layered aquifers were investigated. Image processing algorithms facilitated the precise calculation of saltwater wedge toe length, width of the mixing zone, and angle of intrusion. It was concluded that the length of intrusion in stratified aquifers is predominantly a function of permeability contrast, total aquifer transmissivity and the number of heterogeneous layers, being positively correlated to all three. When a lower permeability layer overlays or underlays more permeable zones its mixing zone widens, while it becomes thinner for the higher permeability strata. The change in the width of the mixing zone (WMZ) is positively correlated to permeability contrast, while it applies to all strata irrespectively of their relative vertical position in the aquifer. Variations in the applied hydraulic head causes the transient widening of WMZ. These peak WMZ values are larger during saltwater retreat and are negatively correlated to the layer's permeability and distance from the aquifer's bottom. Moreover, steeper angles of intrusion are observed in cases where low permeability layers overlay more permeable strata, and milder ones in the inverse aquifer setups. The presence of a low permeability upper layer results in the confinement of the saltwater wedge in the lower part of the stratified aquifer. This occurs until a critical hydraulic head difference is applied to the system. This hydraulic gradient value was found to be a function of layer width and permeability contrast alike.
Combining the management of water level regimes and plant structures for waterbird habitat provision in wetlands
Authors: Qiu Xintian , Liu Hongrui , Yin Xinan , Qin Jinglan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe survival of waterbirds depends heavily on habitat, particularly aquatic plants. For each kind of aquatic plant, there are specific water level regime requirements to meet its germination and growth. Previous studies usually focused on the use of water level management to achieve protection and restoration of aquatic plants. However, the water level regimes in many wetlands have been greatly changed and their ecological objectives usually cannot be achieved by water level management alone. Accordingly, this study combined water level management and artificial planting for waterbird habitat provision in wetlands. The Hongze Lake National Wetland Nature Reserve was taken as the research area. In this study, we considered the needs of waterbirds for nesting and foraging, and determined the aquatic plant species to be planted. According to the seasonal water level requirements of these plants, we simulated the plantable areas of different aquatic plants under different water level regimes. We then further optimized the water level regimes according to the needs of waterbirds, and determined the optimal water level management scheme. In addition, we formulated planting principles, explored the planting structure under each water level regime, so that the plant structure can better serve the waterbirds. The results showed that the current water level regime of Hongze Lake is not consistent with the growth rhythm of aquatic plants. Because of the human regulation, the water level of the wetland is high in winter and low in summer, which is contrary to the requirements of aquatic plant growth. A combination of water level regimes and plant structure management, however, could effectively expand the area for waterbird habitat. The results of this study will help wetland managers to make informed decisions about how to restore the waterbird habitat in other similar regulated wetlands.
Negative childhood experiences and health inequalities among adults over 45: Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Yiwei , Diao Li , Wang Wenjing , Xu Ling , Su Yuting , Yin Yuru 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGrowing health inequalities have become an important challenge for Chinese society. This study analyses the impact of negative childhood experiences on health among Chinese adults over 45. Data were derived from the 2014 Life Course Survey under the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, with a total sample of 5,842 adults over the age of 45. The results showed that negative childhood experiences had a significant negative impact on the health of adults over 45 (β = −0.021, p < .001). The concentration index decomposition revealed that negative childhood experiences were associated with more health inequalities. The elasticity coefficient for negative childhood experiences was −0.119, the concentration index of negative childhood experiences was −0.019, and the contribution to health inequalities was 12.86%. The mechanism test and analysis found that negative childhood experiences had a greater negative impact on the health of the low‐income group than on that of the high‐income group. Therefore, health inequality should be viewed from life course theory. To reduce residents' health inequalities, government's decision‐making should be forward looking and start early in life; interventions should be pursued in residents who have had unfortunate childhood experiences.Highlights
Negative childhood experiences have a negative impact on self‐rated health.
Negative childhood experiences were associated with more health inequalities.
Negative childhood experiences have a greater negative impact on the health of the low‐income group than on that of the high‐income group.
Imaging sebaceous gland using optical coherence tomography with deep learning assisted automatic identification
Authors: Luo Yuemei , Wang Xianghong , Yu Xiaojun , Jin Ruibing , Liu Linbo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImaging sebaceous glands and evaluating morphometric parameters are important for diagnosis and treatment of serum problems. In this article, we investigate the feasibility of high‐resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) in combination with deep learning assisted automatic identification for these purposes. Specifically, with a spatial resolution of 2.3 μm × 6.2 μm (axial × lateral, in air), OCT is capable of clearly differentiating sebaceous gland from other skin structures and resolving the sebocyte layer. In order to achieve efficient and timely imaging analysis, a deep learning approach built upon ResNet18 is developed to automatically classify OCT images (with/without sebaceous gland), with a classification accuracy of 97.9%. Based on the result of automatic identification, we further demonstrate the possibility to measure gland size, sebocyte layer thickness and gland density.
A 6‐lncRNA signature predicts prognosis of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Gao Hongyu , Wu Bin , Jin Hong , Yang Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDiffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) comprises distinct entities due to its heterogeneity. The currently used international prognostic index for DLBCL prognosis prediction is only based on clinical factors and cannot reflect the molecular mechanisms underlying its progression. Here, we aimed to establish a long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA)‐based signature for DLBCL prognosis prediction. The data were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas database. After identifying the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs), univariate COX regression, LASSO regression, and stepwise regression analysis were performed to construct a 6‐lncRNA risk score system. Kaplan–Meier survival presented that the high‐risk group had a significantly poorer overall survival. Based on the risk score and clinical characters, a nomogram was established, which had better predictive accuracy than each factor alone. Finally, weighted gene co‐expression network analysis showed that these lncRNAs might regulate immune response, metabolism process, and signal transduction to influence the outcome. Conclusively, our model and nomogram could be reliable prognostic tools for DLBCL patients.