bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfur ion irradiation experiments simulating space weathering of Solar System body surfaces
Authors: Ruf Alexander , Bouquet Alexis , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe , Boduch Philippe , Mousis Olivier , Danger Grégoire 
Published: September 2021

Context. Sulfur (S) is of prime interest in the context of (astro)chemical evolution and habitability. However, the origin of S-bearing organic compounds in the Solar System is still not well constrained.
Aims. We carried out laboratory experiments to test whether complex organosulfur compounds can be formed when surfaces of icy Solar System bodies are subject to high-energy S ions.
Methods. Non-S-bearing organic residues, formed during the processing of astrophysical H2O:CH3OH:NH3-bearing ice analogs, were irradiated with 105 keV-S7+ ions at 10 K and analyzed by high-resolving FT-ICR-MS. The resulting data were comprehensively analyzed, including network analysis tools.
Results. Out of several thousands of detected compounds, 16% contain at least one sulfur atom (organosulfur (CHNOS) compounds), as verified via isotopic fine structures. These residue-related organosulfur compounds are different from those formed during the S ion irradiation of ices at 10 K. Furthermore, insoluble, apolar material was formed during the sulfur irradiation of residues. Potential organosulfur precursors (CHNO molecules) were identified by means of molecular networks.
Conclusions. This evidence of organosulfur compounds formed by sulfur irradiation of organic residues sheds new light onto the rich and complex scope of pristine organosulfur chemistry in the Solar System, presented in the context of current and future space missions. These results indicate that the space weathering of Solar System bodies may lead to the formation of organosulfur compounds.
Stabilisierungsgruppe für traumatisierte männliche
Geflüchtete in einer Erstaufnahmeeinrichtung des Landes
Baden-Württemberg: Konzept und Erfahrungen
Authors: Zehetmair Catharina , Kaufmann Claudia , Tegeler Inga , Klippel Anne , Nagy Ede , Kindermann David , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Nikendei Christoph 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungGeflüchtete erleben vielfach traumatisierende Ereignisse im Heimatland
und auf der Flucht, die in dieser Gruppe zu einer erhöhten
Prävalenz der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung
führen. Traumaorientierte stabilisierende Techniken können vor
allem in der frühen post-migratorischen Phase eine erste psychosoziale
Stabilisierung traumatisierter Geflüchteter bewirken. In diesem Beitrag
wird das klinische Konzept der offenen Stabilisierungsgruppe für
männliche, traumatisierte Geflüchtete im Erstaufnahme- und
Registrierungszentrum „Patrick-Henry Village“ des Landes
Baden-Württemberg vorgestellt. Die Stabilisierungsgruppe in englischer
Sprache folgt einem offenen Gruppenkonzept mit einer wiederkehrenden Struktur
bestehend aus Begrüßungsrunde, dem gemeinsamen Üben von
Achtsamkeits- und imaginativen Stabilisierungsübungen und einer
Abschlussrunde. Die bisherigen Erfahrungen zeigen, dass das Konzept einer
offenen Stabilisierungsgruppe im Kontext einer Erstaufnahme- und
Registrierungsstelle für Geflüchtete gut implementierbar ist.
Synthesis of Fatty 1,2,4-Trioxanes by Peracetalization of β-Hydroxy Hydroperoxides
Authors: Duguet Nicolas , De Dios Miguel Thomas , Louvel Dan , Onida Killian , Lavoignat Adeline , Picot Stephane 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe peracetalization of a β-hydroxy hydroperoxide derived from methyl oleate was studied using benzaldehyde as a model substrate to give the corresponding fatty 1,2,4-trioxane. The desired product was obtained as a mixture of regioisomers but only one diastereoisomer of each was formed. The nature of the acid catalyst was studied and both p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) and Amberlyst A35 (A35) were found to be efficient homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, respectively. The nature of the solvent was also investigated and ethereal solvents such as 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) gave the best NMR yield (85%) for the preparation of the fatty trioxane. The optimized conditions were applied to a range of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, and the corresponding 1,2,4-trioxanes were isolated with 30–91% yields (21 examples). The antimalarial activity of three trioxanes was studied against Plasmodium falciparum, however, no significant activity was detected (IC50 >1600 nM).
Performance of cryogenic demountable indium seal at high pressures
Authors: Wang Xiuli , Li Shu , Ju Yonglin , Lei Zhuoqun , Liu Jianglai , Ji Xiangdong , Tang Xuefeng , Gou Yonghua 
Published: September 2021

An essential challenge in seal design is to provide an ultra-low leak rate at cryogenic temperatures and high pressures. In this paper, the performance of demountable indium seals under a charging pressure of 8.5 MPa A and at cryogenic temperatures down to −190 °C was investigated. Three indium seal structures with a diameter of 30 mm were specifically designed and tested. All three structures went through both room temperature and cryogenic temperature tests in cycles with a pressure of up to 8.5 MPa A. In addition, leak rate experiments regarding the creep relaxation effect of the indium ring were conducted. The results showed that the leak rates of all three structures were lower than 1 × 10−10 Pa m3 s−1 at both room temperature and cryogenic temperature with the pressure up to 8.5 MPa A when the torque was 8 or 12 N m. It was concluded that the linear loads for achieving a successful indium seal were 163, 171, and 220 N mm−1 alongside its circumference for the 2 mm indium M-T structure, the 3 mm indium M-T structure, and the Z-shaped seal structure, respectively. Furthermore, although the torque slightly dropped after the assembly due to the creep relaxation effect, the leak rates of the structure were still lower than 1 × 10−10 Pa m3 s−1 three days after the assembly. The present work is helpful for designing ultra-low leak rate demountable indium seals at cryogenic temperatures and high pressures.
The localization of video games into less widely spoken languages that share a common history
Authors: Koscelníková Mária 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Even though video games are highly popular, localization into Slovak is rather rare and the language struggles to
maintain a presence in the video game industry. This is partly because Slovak is a less widely spoken language, and also because
it is mutually intelligible with the more dominant Czech language, having a common history. Our paper examines the
Slovak-Czech parallels in the respective language-, audiovisual- and multimedia- related legislation as well as market practices.
A similar comparative analysis is conducted with other less widely spoken European languages, namely Serbian, Croatian and
Slovenian. Our results show that among the examined languages, Czech is by far in the strongest position as a supported language
in video games on various platforms whereas Slovak, Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian are hardly present. We hope that the results
of our research will stimulate the discussion on this issue.
Bilateral comparison of 10 V standards between the NSAI-NML (Ireland) and the BIPM
Authors: Solve Stephane , Chayramy Regis , Stock Michael , Power Oliver 
Published: September 2021

Main text
As part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11, a comparison of the 10 V voltage reference standards of the BIPM and the National Standards Authority of Ireland - National Metrology Laboratory (NSAI - NML), Dublin, Ireland, was carried out in November and December 2020. The objective for NSAI-NML in participating in this comparison was to demonstrate the international equivalence of its DC voltage measurement results and to support their calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs) published in the Key Comparison Database of the BIPM (KCDB).
Two BIPM Zener diode-based travelling standards (Fluke 732B), BIPM_8 (Z8) and BIPM_9 (Z9), were transported by freight to NSAI-NML. At NSAI-NML, the reference standard for DC voltage at the 10 V level consists of a group of characterized Zener diode-based electronic voltage standards. The output EMF (Electromotive Force) of each travelling standard was measured by direct comparison with the group standard.
At the BIPM the travelling standards were calibrated, before and after the measurements at NSAI-NML, with the Josephson Voltage Standard, developed at the BIPM. The output EMF of each travelling standard was measured against the Josephson Voltage Standard (JVS). Results of all measurements were corrected for the dependence of the output voltages of the Zener standards on internal temperature and ambient atmospheric pressure.
The comparison result is presented as the difference between the value assigned to a 10 V standard by NSAI-NML, at NSAI-NML, U
NSAI-NML, and that assigned by the BIPM, at the BIPM, U
BIPM, on the reference date of 2020/11/14, as

U
NSAI-NML - U
BIPM = -2.99 µV; u
c = 1.71 µV
where u
c is the combined standard uncertainty associated with the measured difference, including the uncertainty of the realization of the volt at NSAI-NML, and the uncertainty related to the comparison.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Final report of the new BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ac-225 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 225Ac to include the 2019 result of the PTB (Germany)
Authors: Michotte C , Courte S , Nonis M , Coulon R , Judge S , Kossert K , Nähle O 
Published: September 2021

Main text
In 2019, the PTB(Germany) has submitted a sample of 225Ac to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ac-225. As PTB is the first participant in the comparison no key comparison reference value (KCRV) and no degrees of equivalence can be calculated.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Passive BB84 decoy-state protocol with a flawed source
Authors: Gavrilovich A , Sych D , Kurochkin Y 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Passive generation of quantum states in quantum key distribution (QKD) is an elegant solution to utilise an internal source of quantum randomness of the transmitter’s scheme. It can be profitable, for example, in setups running at high repetition rates. However, the original analysis of passive protocol doesn’t consider real-life effects of a laser source, therefore possibly breaches the unconditional security of the scheme. Here we take into account the influence of various laser imperfections and make a refined comparison between active and passive setups. We show that the new bound on the secret key rate of the passive protocol stays similar to the one of an active scheme, thus proving passive generation to be a practical means of constructing QKD systems.
Fast and compact VCSEL-based quantum random number generator
Authors: Shakhovoy R , Maksimova E , Sharoglazova V , Puplauskis M , Kurochkin Y 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Random number generators (RNGs) are an essential ingredient of modern cryptographic systems. Particular attention is paid today to a special class of RNGs – quantum RNGs, which are attracting close attention of researchers due to the explosive development of quantum key distribution systems, where the use of quantum randomness is a necessary security requirement. A large number of various quantum entropy sources have been proposed over the last 10-15 years. Most of them are based on the use of different quantum optics phenomena, particularly, on the effects occurring in semiconductor lasers. This choice is due to the relatively low cost and ease of use of such devices and the high random bit generation rate available with optical QRNGs. Motivated by these reasons, we study in the present research the QRNG based on variations of light polarization in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The scheme we propose allows creating an extremely compact and fast optical QRNG, consisting essentially of only a laser and a polarizing beam splitter. We revealed that it is possible to ensure the pulsed operation of a VCSEL in a bistable regime, which is characterized by random switch of light polarization. We show, however, that probabilistic properties of such laser pulses significantly depend on the internal laser parameters as well as on its operating mode. Understanding these properties is fundamentally important for the correct assessment of the quantum noise contribution and, consequently, for the subsequent post-processing of digitized random sequences.
Influence of light source and detector’s imperfections on the photon counting statistics
Authors: Reutov Aleksei , Sych Denis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Photon counting provides a valuable tool for measuring quantum properties of light. Unavoidable imperfections of photon detectors lead to discrepancies between the statistics of photons and statistics of photon counts. Here we consider dead-time corrections and influence of intensity fluctuations for simulated Poissonian statistics of photo counts for the pulsed or continuous wave coherent light sources. We analyse dependence between the statistical moments of corrected distribution and the mean photon number, dead-time, and level of intensity fluctuations.
Hertz-to-infrared electrodynamics of single-crystalline barium-lead hexaferrite Ba1-xPbxFe12O19
Authors: Alyabyeva L , Ahmed A , Vinnik D , Savinov M , Lunkenheimer P , Gorshunov B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Broadband electrodynamic response of single-crystalline lead-substituted barium hexaferrite Ba1-xPbxFe12O19 is studied at temperatures from 5 to 300 K in the range from 1 Hz to 240 THz that includes radio, sub-terahertz, terahertz and infrared frequencies and altogether spans over 14 frequency decades. Discovered phenomena include relaxational radio-frequency dynamics of domains and domain walls, temperature-unstable terahertz excitations connected with electric dipoles induced by off-center displacements in the ab-plane of the lead ions, narrow terahertz excitations associated with electronic transitions between the fine-structure components of the Fe2+ground state, dielectric gigahertz resonances presumably of magneto-electric origin and polar lattice vibrations.
X-ray reflectivity investigation of multilayer macroporous silicon structures
Authors: Lenshin A S , Peshkov Ya A , Grechkina M V , Kannykin S V , Yurakov Yu A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, the X-ray reflectivity was used to study the porosity of multilayer macroporous silicon samples obtained under various conditions. The porosity calculation is based on a change in the position of the critical angle of total external reflection resulting from a decrease in the density of the porous silicon layer. Our findings show that the absence of photoluminescence in the samples is due to a porosity of about 30 % in the surface layer. The morphological features were characterized by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy.
Design of Centralized Mini-Link for Optimal use in Telecom Network
Authors: Choudhary Pushpa , Choudhary Akhilesh Kumar , Singh Arjun , Pandey Harikesh , Singh Mahesh Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Now a Days Microwave MINI-LINK are widely used for point to point communication. Microwave link has become an essential form of communication network because of frequent interruption of Optical Fiber Cable network due to other sector development work, non-feasible area for Optical Fiber Cable laying (digging is difficult for OFC) or any unseen reason, on the other hand mini link network become so adaptable because their small wavelength allows conveniently sized antenna to direct them in narrow beam which can be pointed directly at receiving end. This allows nearby mini link equipment to use same frequencies without interfering any other link. The aim of this paper is to create a mini link network in such a way so that operation and support maintenance work can be done from a central location without moving at site and without purchasing any software. Another objective of this paper is to describe how to use installed equipment completely (i.e. 100% utilization of equipment) which are being used by network..
Electrodermal Activity (EDA) and body temperature Monitoring system for patients with psychological disorder
Authors: Parikh Harikrishna N. , Pandya H.N. , Savaliya J. A. , Pithadiya B. H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In today’s world we are leading an unimaginably fast and stressful life. Hence, the number indicating psychological disorder cases has hiked like never before. Compared to physiological disorders, psychological disorders take longer time to cure and mandates long term monitoring the patient in his/her daily and personal life. Galvanic Skin Resistance (GSR), also called Electrodermal Activity (EDA) is actually measurement of variations in electrical properties of skin attributed to Sympathetic Nerve System (SNS), directly related to mental state of the subject, such as stress, drowsiness and engagement. We have put an effort in making a wearable device to monitor such important parameter. The device is designed using silver electrodes, LMT70 temperature sensor and Arduino mini pro. The device is capable of recording EDA and body temperature periodically at an interval of 5 minutes for 7 days on a single charge of 3000mAh battery of 3.3V. The data is recorded on a microSD card in CSV format.
Pressure-volume relationships of some solids based on double potential energy functions
Authors: Mishra Arvind , Dharmendra K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present an analysis for the pressure-volume relationship of substances viz. Neon, Argon, Aluminum, Copper, Lithium Hydride, and Magnesium Oxide using interatomic potential functions due to Morse, Rydberg, and Davydov. The formulations for P-V relationship have been obtained using these potential functions. The results for pressure as a function of volume are determined up to a range of V/(V_0=0.5) for each solid. The results are mapped with the values obtained from the Shanker equation and the Hama-SuitoEOS. The relationship between P and V through different equations of state(EOS) for different solids depends on the values of K_(0 )as well as K_0^’. A material would be more incompressible if both K_(0)and 〖K〗_0^’are high. For example in case of Cu, K_(0 )is somewhat less than that for MgO but 〖K〗_0^’ is larger for Cu than that for MgO. This makes Cu to be more incompressible than MgO. This is evident from the results which reveal P = 620GPa for Cu, and P = 430GPa for MgO both at V/V_0 = 0.5, the maximum compressions.
Analysis on different energy conservation methods
Authors: Rani Pooja 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Production and consumption of energy provide energy conservation. The purpose is to reserve conservation, environment safety, and price investments, but the consumers have large energy they need. “The chief aim is to reduce the losses in electrical arrangement and also electrical system should have proper protection tools for providing consistent power supply for continuous task. Currently, more manufacturing is progressive the money in clearance electrical bills. As such, eco-friendly sustainability alternative main advantage of removing unused energy usage during the production process. The paper provides the data on the shortcoming and remedial of energy conservation.
Efficient desalination by layered heating of saline water
Authors: Virani Ronak H , Patel B S , Katariya H G 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Thin layer heating technology for desalination is one of the topics that is catching eye of many researchers recently. The sun is a very good renewable energy source that can solve many human being’s problems such as water scarcity. Solar energy can be utilized for water desalination. Nowadays, parabolic trough collector and dish reflector and other optical concentrators are used to concentrate the solar radiation to get more power. They are complex and costly. Efficiency of basin type solar still and other conventional solar still is decreases as we increase water quantity, due to the heat loss to water. Due to this reason need of solar desalination devices that use localized heating of a thin layer of water. In the past few years, significant research is done for the developing thin layer heating desalination. In this paper, basin type solar still is discussed, properties of wood and titanium dioxide materials for substrate and absorber have been discussed and results carried out by experimental performance is discussed. This paper is concerned with effects of change in radiation, effects of change in water depth in basin and effects of change in salinity of water.
Evaluation & Comparison between Plus Sign Slotted and U-shaped Microstrip antennas for Wi-MAX application using IE3D
Authors: Sharma Kailash , Mehrotra Rajat , Kaura Shivendra , Krishna Rama , Kumar Nagendra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a slotted patch antenna of Microstrip antenna (MSA) type has been put forward. The enrichment in gain is realized by cutting slots of suitable dimensions in the rectangular patch using the technique of probe feed. Optimum feed providing the required outcome is found. Simulation of the two projected antennas had been carried out by means of IE3D software. Performance assessment would be grounded on altering the patch dimensions, the acquired results are compared especially in gain, the efficiency of the antenna, the pattern of radiation, VSWR, and return loss with a U-shaped patch antenna.
A Review Paper on Fog Computing Paradigm to solve Problems and Challenges during Integration of Cloud with IoT
Authors: Saurabh  , Dhanaraj Rajesh Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In Today’s world technologies such as Internet of Things, Cloud Computing as well as Fog Computing are growing at an exponential rate which depend upon each other directly or indirectly. The Internet of Things can be described as a network of substantial matter such as cars, washing machines, refrigerator which can interact with each other through internet. Billions of devices will be IoT enabled in near future and generate enormous amount of data but IoT devices has some limitations like storage capabilities, processing capabilities and utilization of resources which can only be handled by integrating it with cloud technology. Cloud model provide environment in which software, Infrastructure, sharable pool of configurable resources, virtual environment, sensors, hardware and database is provided as a utility for IoT devices and users. In cloud computing paradigm some limitations exist for example distance of the data source from multi-hop, geological unified structure, latency, heterogeneity and many more. To address such limitations, Fog computing approach can be used to bring computing assets nearer to IoT devices. Fog computing is an enhancement of the cloud-based Network and computing services. It provides computational and storage services of cloud proximate to IoT devices. This paper provides an overview regarding the cloud computing uses in IoT devices and issues or problems that occur during integration. Handling of problems that occurs during integration of cloud with IoT can be done through fog computing. The purpose of this survey is to understand the concept of fog computing to improve the existing system of Integration of Cloud with IoT.