bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A generalized seismic sliding model of slopes with multiple slip surfaces
Authors: Song Jian , Rodriguez‐Marek Adrian , Feng Tugen , Ji Jian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEarthquake‐induced permanent displacements of slopes are generally evaluated through the simplified sliding block analyses of a singular coherent mass on a predefined failure plane. However, coseismic landslides may exhibit multiple slip surfaces as a result of earthquake shaking. This study presents a generalized seismic sliding analysis using a column of sliding blocks to model seismic slope failures with multiple slip surfaces. The formulation of the sliding mode equations of the block system is obtained by a rigorous theoretical derivation. Both a rigid soil column associated with an acceleration–time series that is constant with depth, and a flexible soil column considering an acceleration–time series that varies throughout the sliding mass is presented. The conditional yield accelerations and the equivalent seismic accelerations are defined to characterize the complex interplay of the sliding block assemblies. The approach is applied to model the seismic sliding behavior of layered slopes in which failures would likely occur at the interfaces between soil layers with different shear strengths. The effects of input ground motions and soil deposits on the sliding patterns of slopes are investigated. The developed generalized model provides a promising means for evaluating the seismic slope stability by combining a number of seismic failure locations within slopes.
Structure, properties, and bioactivity of 3D printed PAEKs for implant applications: A systematic review
Authors: Basgul Cemile , Spece Hannah , Sharma Neha , Thieringer Florian M. , Kurtz Steven M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) of high temperature polymers, specifically polyaryletherketones (PAEK), is gaining significant attention for medical implant applications. As 3D printing systems evolve toward point of care manufacturing, research on this topic continues to expand. Specific regulatory guidance is being developed for the safe management of 3D printing systems in a hospital environment. PAEK implants can benefit from many advantages of AM such as design freedom, material and antibacterial drug incorporation, and enhanced bioactivity provided by cancellous bone‐like porous designs. In addition to AM PAEK bioactivity, the biomechanical strength of 3D printed implants is crucial to their performance and thus widely studied. In this review, we discuss the printing conditions that have been investigated so far for additively manufactured PAEK implant applications. The effect of processing parameters on the biomechanical strength of implants is summarized, and the bioactivity of PAEKs, along with material and drug incorporation, is also covered in detail. Finally, the therapeutic areas in which 3D printed PAEK implants are investigated and utilized are reviewed.
miRNA‐138‐5p suppresses cigarette smoke‐induced apoptosis in testicular cells by targeting Caspase‐3 through the Bcl‐2 signaling pathway
Authors: He Lijuan , Gong Haiyan , You Shuping , Zhang Chen , Zhong Chunxue , Li Linlin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLong‐term cigarette smoking (CS) can cause testicular toxicity, which interferes with normal spermatogenesis and leads to male infertility. One possible mechanism for this is the activation of the apoptosis signaling pathway, which leads to the irreversible apoptosis of testicular cells. However, the exact mechanism for this is not completely understood. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, and lactate dehydrogenase release assays were performed to elucidate the function of micro RNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of male testicular cell injury induced by CS. The results suggested that testicular cell injury was associated with CS both in vitro and in vivo. CS extract (CSE)‐treated Leydig and Sertoli cells showed noticeable apoptosis. Based on the results of Agilent miRNA microarray and bioinformatics analyses, miRNA‐138‐5p was used in subsequent experiments. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays showed a negative correlation between miR‐138‐5p and Caspase‐3 expression. Transfection of miR‐138‐5p mimic significantly inhibited apoptosis and downregulated the expression of Caspase‐3 in TM3 and TM4 cells. Furthermore, a dual‐luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR‐138‐5p directly targeted Caspase‐3 to regulate the apoptosis of testicular cells mediated by CSE. In addition, overexpression of miR‐138‐5p markedly downregulated the expression of p53 and Bak, which played critical roles in the Bcl‐2 pathway. These results demonstrate that miRNA‐138‐5p inhibits CS‐induced apoptosis in testicular cells by targeting Caspase‐3 through the Bcl‐2 signaling pathway.
Personality characteristics of the successful liar
Authors: Malesky Alvin , Isenberg Alicia Nicole , McCord David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe relationship between personality, behavioral cues, and the ability to tell a convincing lie was examined. Participants were administered the M5‐120 personality inventory and videotaped while retelling a partially scripted story. A group of raters reviewed the video clips and decided whether the participants were lying or being honest. Findings revealed a significant relationship between successful lying and the Agreeableness domain of personality. Specifically, the modesty and sympathy facets of the Agreeableness domain were significantly correlated with successful lying. These results suggest that personality may play a role in the ability to successfully lie. In addition, significant correlations were demonstrated between body language and successful lying and between facial expressions and successful lying.
More than neutrophils: Lin(+)Ly6G(+)IL-5Rα(+) multipotent myeloid cells (MMCs) are dominant in normal murine bone marrow and retain capacity to differentiate into eosinophils and monocytes
Authors: Jeong Brian M , Walker Matthew T , Rodriguez Raul , Coden Mackenzie E , Nagasaka Reina , Doan Ton C , Politanska Yuliya , Abdala-Valencia Hiam , Berdnikovs Sergejs 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBone marrow is a hematopoietic site harboring multiple populations of myeloid cells in different stages of differentiation. Murine bone marrow eosinophils are traditionally identified by Siglec-F(+) staining using flow cytometry, whereas neutrophils are characterized by Ly6G(+) expression. However, using flow cytometry to characterize bone marrow hematopoietic cells in wild-type mice, we found substantial gray areas in identification of these cells. Siglec-F(+) mature eosinophil population constituted only a minority of bone marrow Lin(+)CD45(+) pool (5%). A substantial population of Siglec-F(−) cells was double positive for neutrophil marker Ly6G and eosinophil lineage marker, IL-5Rα. This granulocyte population with mixed neutrophil and eosinophil characteristics is typically attributable to neutrophil pool based on neutral granule staining and expression of Ly6G and myeloid peroxidase. It is distinct from Lineage(−) myeloid progenitors or Siglec-F(+)Ly6G(+) maturing eosinophil precursors, and can be accurately identified by Lineage(+) staining and positive expression of markers IL-5Rα and Ly6G. At 15–50% of all CD45(+) hematopoietic cells in adult mice (percentage varies by sex and age), this is a surprisingly dominant population, which increases with age in both male and female mice. RNA-seq characterization of these cells revealed a complex immune profile and the capacity to secrete constituents of the extracellular matrix. When sorted from bone marrow, these resident cells had neutrophilic phenotype but readily acquired all characteristics of eosinophils when cultured with G-CSF or IL-5, including expression of Siglec-F and granular proteins (Epx, Mbp). Surprisingly, these cells were also able to differentiate into Ly6C(+) monocytes when cultured with M-CSF. Herein described is the discovery of an unexpected hematopoietic flexibility of a dominant population of multipotent myeloid cells, typically categorized as neutrophils, but with the previously unknown plasticity to contribute to mature pools of eosinophils and monocytes.
Projected changes in monthly baseflow across the U.S. Midwest
Authors: Ayers Jessica R. , Villarini Gabriele , Schilling Keith , Jones Christopher 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBaseflow is an essential water resource because it is the groundwater discharged to streams and represents long‐term storage. Understanding its future changes is a major concern for water supply and ecosystem health. This study examines the impacts of climate and agriculture on monthly baseflow in the U.S. Midwest through the end of the 21st century. We use a statistical approach to evaluate three scenarios. The first scenario is based on downscaled and bias corrected global climate model (GCM) outputs and the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5, and agriculture is held constant (and equal to the mean from 2013 to 2019). In the next two scenarios, climate is held constant (2010–2019) to isolate the impact of agriculture on baseflow. In terms of agricultural changes, we consider scenarios representative of either increases or decreases with respect to the production of corn and soybeans. Changes in the climate system point to increases in baseflow that are likely a result of increased precipitation and antecedent wetness. Seasonally, warmer temperature in the winter and spring (i.e., February to July) is expected to cause increasing trends in baseflow. Changes in land use showed that agriculture would either mitigate the impact of climate change or possibly amplify it. Expanding corn and soybean areas would increase baseflow in the Corn Belt region. On the other hand, converting land back to perennial vegetation would decrease baseflow throughout the entire year. Despite its simplicity, this study can provide basic information to understand where to expect adverse effects on baseflow and thus improve land management practices in those areas.
Role of thin gingival phenotype and inadequate keratinized mucosa width (<2 mm) as risk indicators for peri‐implantitis and peri‐implant mucositis
Authors: Gharpure Amit S. , Latimer Jessica M. , Aljofi Faisal E. , Kahng Justin H. , Daubert Diane M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing evidence on the impact of thin gingival phenotype (TnP) and inadequate keratinized mucosa width (KMW <2 mm) around dental implants on peri‐implant health. This study investigated the role of TnP and inadequate KMW (<2 mm) as risk indicators for peri‐implantitis and mucositis and on dental patient‒reported outcomes.MethodsSixty‐three patients with 193 implants (mean follow‐up of 6.9 ± 3.7 years) were given a clinical and radiographic examination and a questionnaire to assess patient awareness of food impaction and pain/discomfort. Chi‐squared tests and regression analysis for clustered data were used to compare outcomes.ResultsImplants with TnP had a statistically higher prevalence of peri‐implantitis (27.1% versus 11.3%; PR, 3.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.64‒6.72; P = 0.001) peri‐implant mucositis (42.7% versus 33%; PR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.12‒2.9; P = 0.016) and pain/discomfort during oral hygiene (25% versus 5%; PR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.06‒12.96; P = 0.044) than thick phenotype. Implants with inadequate KMW had a statistically higher prevalence of peri‐implantitis (24.1% versus 17%; PR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.07‒3.25; P = 0.027) and peri‐implant mucositis (46.6% versus 34.1%; PR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1‒2.33; P = 0.05) and pain/discomfort during oral hygiene (28% versus 10%; PR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.1‒5.1; P = 0.027) than the adequate KMW. TnP was strongly associated with inadequate KMW (PR = 3.18; 95% CI, 1.69‒6.04; P <0.001).ConclusionTnP and inadequate KMW (<2 mm) may be significant risk indicators for peri‐implant disease and pain/discomfort during brushing.
Porphyromonas gingivalis, the most influential pathogen in red‐complex bacteria: A cross‐sectional study on the relationship between bacterial count and clinical periodontal status in Japan
Authors: Chigasaki Otofumi , Aoyama Norio , Sasaki Yoshiyuki , Takeuchi Yasuo , Mizutani Koji , Ikeda Yuichi , Gokyu Misa , Umeda Makoto , Izumi Yuichi , Iwata Takanori , Aoki Akira 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPorphyromonas gingivalis is a key pathogen in microbiota associated with periodontitis. The purpose of the present study was to assess the association between salivary counts of red‐complex bacteria and clinical periodontal status in a Japanese population.MethodsA total of 977 subjects who visited a general dental clinic in Japan from 2003 to 2006 were enrolled in the study. Stimulated saliva was obtained, and the amounts of major periodontal bacteria were measured using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and each subject's average proximal bone crest level (BCL) on dental radiographs were measured.ResultsThe number of P. gingivalis strongly associated with percentage of 4 mm or more PPD sites, BOP positive percentage, and 1.5 mm or more BCL sites. The detection of P. gingivalis with Treponema denticola and/or Tannerella forsythia showed a high rate of three positive clinical parameters, whereas the only P. gingivalis detected group and those without P. gingivalis had a low rate of three positive clinical parameters.ConclusionAmong red‐complex bacteria, the amount of P. gingivalis showed the strongest association with the severity of periodontal condition, and co‐occurrence of P. gingivalis with T. denticola and/or T. forsythia showed heightened progression of periodontitis.
Antimicrobial dosing in prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy: a systematic review
Authors: Rawlins Matthew D. M. , Misko Jeanie , Roberts Jason A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe research aim was to conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding the pharmacokinetics (PK) and dosing of antimicrobials in prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT), a hybrid form of dialysis becoming increasingly utilised in critical care.MethodsA literature review was performed using PubMed from database inception to October 2020 according to the PRISMA guidelines. All papers published in English language were included in the review. Two researchers independently conducted literature searches, screened abstracts and full text and came to agreement as to which articles were suitable for inclusion before compiling the relevant data into a spreadsheet. The types of papers retrieved varied between case reports, single and multiple dose pharmacokinetic studies and Monte Carlo simulations.ResultsA total of 149 articles were found in the initial literature review and via other sources. Of these papers, 50 articles were deemed eligible for inclusion. These studies included one to 34 patients. PIRRT settings varied between institutions, including filter surface area, duration of PIRRT and type of dialyser used. With the exception of vancomycin and meropenem, few antimicrobials had sufficient data available from which reasonable empiric dosing regimens can be recommended.ConclusionThere is limited data to guide dosing of antimicrobials during PIRRT. More studies are required to understand how dosing can be optimised in this population of critically ill patients.
Fructose‐rich diet and walnut supplementation differently regulate rat hypothalamic and hippocampal glucose transporters expression
Authors: Dakic Tamara , Lakic Iva , Zec Manja , Takic Marija , Stojiljkovic Mojca , Jevdjovic Tanja 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDNutritional modulations may be considered a strategy to protect mental health. Neuronal homeostasis is highly dependent on the availability of glucose, which represents the primary energy source for the brain. In this study, we evaluated the effects of walnut intake and fructose‐rich diet on the expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) in two rat brain regions: hypothalamus and hippocampus.RESULTSOur results show that walnut supplementation of fructose‐fed animals restored the hypothalamic content of GLUT1 and GLUT3 protein. Furthermore, walnut intake did not affect increased hypothalamic GLUT2 content upon fructose consumption. These effects were accompanied by distinctive alterations of hippocampal GLUTs levels. Specifically, walnut intake increased GLUT1 content, whereas GLUT2 protein was decreased within the rat hippocampus after both individual and combined treatments.CONCLUSIONOverall, our study suggests that walnut supplementation exerted modulatory effects on the glucose transporters within specific brain regions in the presence of developed metabolic disorder. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Electron–Hole Plasma Contributes to Both Plasmonic and Photonic Lasing from CH3NH3PbBr3 Nanowires at Room Temperature
Authors: Wang Jian , Jia Xiaohao , Guan Yalu , Ren Kuankuan , Yu Haichao , Wang Zhijie , Qu Shengchun , Yang Qingxin , Lin Jie , Wang Zhanguo , Jin Peng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLead halide perovskites have gained tremendous attentions in many fields, especially in nanolasers, owing to the excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the underlying lasing mechanism is not clear in both plasmonic and photonic nanolasers at room temperature. Here, the plasmonic lasers and the photonic counterparts based on organic–inorganic hybrid lead tri‐bromine perovskite nanowires are achieved at room temperature and are compared in terms of lasing evolution, lasing wavelengths, and lasing dynamics. The same spectra evolution and the same emission wavelength indicate that the plasmonic and the photonic CH3NH3PbBr3 nanowire lasers have the same gain origination. The calculated Mott density lower than the threshold density and lasing photon energy lower than exciton energy prove that an electron–hole plasma contributes to both the two types of lasing actions from perovskite nanowires at room temperature. The work deepens the understanding of underlying mechanism of perovskite nanowire lasers.
Psychiatric Comorbidities in Functional Movement Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Macchi Zachary A. , Kletenik Isaiah , Olvera Caroline , Holden Samantha K. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundFunctional movement disorders (FMD) are characterized by abnormal movements and motor symptoms incongruent with a known structural neurologic cause. While psychological stressors have long been considered an important risk factor for developing FMD, little is known about the impact of psychiatric comorbidities on disease manifestations or complexity.ObjectivesTo compare characteristics of FMD patients with co‐occurring mood and trauma‐related psychiatric conditions to FMD patients without psychiatric conditions.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of patients seen in the University of Colorado Health system between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019. Patients were included if they had a diagnosis of FMD, determined by ICD‐10 coding and ≥1 phenomenology‐related diagnostic code (tremor, gait disturbances, ataxia, spasms, and weakness), and at least one encounter with a neurology specialist. Fisher's exact and unpaired t‐tests were used to compare demographics, healthcare utilization, and phenomenologies of patients with psychiatric conditions to those with none.ResultsOur review identified 551 patients with a diagnosis of FMD who met inclusion criteria. Patients with psychiatric conditions (N = 417, 75.7%) had increased five‐year healthcare utilization (mean emergency room encounters 9.9 vs. 3.5,P = 0.0001) and more prevalent non‐epileptic seizures (18.2% vs. 7.5%,P = 0.001). Suicidal ideation (8.4%) and self‐harm (4.1%) were only observed amongst patients with comorbid psychiatric conditions.ConclusionsPatients with FMD and comorbid psychiatric conditions require more healthcare resources and have greater disease complexity than patients without psychiatric illness. This may have implications for treatment of patients without comorbid psychiatric conditions who may benefit from targeted physiotherapy alone.
A 20‐gauge active needle design with thin‐film printed circuitry for interventional MRI at 0.55T
Authors: Yildirim Dursun Korel , Bruce Christopher , Uzun Dogangun , Rogers Toby , O’Brien Kendall , Ramasawmy Rajiv , Campbell‐Washburn Adrienne , Herzka Daniel A. , Lederman Robert J. , Kocaturk Ozgur 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThis work aims to fabricate RF antenna components on metallic needle surfaces using biocompatible polyester tubing and conductive ink to develop an active interventional MRI needle for clinical use at 0.55 Tesla.MethodsA custom computer numeric control‐based conductive ink printing method was developed. Based on electromagnetic simulation results, thin‐film RF antennas were printed with conductive ink and used to fabricate a medical grade, 20‐gauge (0.87 mm outer diameter), 90‐mm long active interventional MRI needle. The MRI visibility performance of the active needle prototype was tested in vitro in 1 gel phantom and in vivo in 1 swine. A nearly identical active needle constructed using a 44 American Wire Gauge insulated copper wire‐wound RF receiver antenna was a comparator. The RF‐induced heating risk was evaluated in a gel phantom per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 2182‐19.ResultsThe active needle prototype with printed RF antenna was clearly visible both in vitro and in vivo under MRI. The maximum RF‐induced temperature rise of prototypes with printed RF antenna and insulated copper wire antenna after a 3.96 W/kg, 15 min. long scan were 1.64°C and 8.21°C, respectively. The increase in needle diameter was 98 µm and 264 µm for prototypes with printed RF antenna and copper wire‐wound antenna, respectively.ConclusionThe active needle prototype with conductive ink printed antenna provides distinct device visibility under MRI. Variations on the needle surface are mitigated compared to use of a 44 American Wire Gauge copper wire. RF‐induced heating tests support device RF safety under MRI. The proposed method enables fabrication of small diameter active interventional MRI devices having complex geometries, something previously difficult using conventional methods.
The pros and cons of teaching soil fertility live versus online
Authors: Mahler Robert L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020 has changed the way higher education delivers materials to students. The purpose of this study is to compare the pros and cons of teaching Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition (Soils 446), a class with a history of being taught live and online, from both the live and online perspectives. For our comparison, the following data was gathered: (a) history of when and how the class was offered, (b) content of Soils 446, (c) assessment of student achievement, (d) student evaluations of the course conducted by the University of Idaho, and (e) a post‐class survey of online students. Reasons for live classroom teaching being superior include: (a) classroom interaction with the instructor and other students, (b) allowing students to ask questions of the instructor during the lecture, right after class or on a face‐to‐face basis during designated office hours, and (c) the availability of local library resources and other staff to help with questions and projects. Reasons for online teaching being superior include: (a) distance students can take this class, (b) the online course may offer better time management for distance students, and (c) email, bblearn, ZOOM, and SKYPE are tools that allow frequent contact between the student and instructor. Motivated students were successful in both approaches. For less or unmotivated students both delivery methods are equally mediocre.