bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in TCF7L2 and T2DM in the Chinese Yao population
Authors: Sun Shi-Yu , Huang Run-Ze , Huang Huang , Zhang Ming-Qi , Sun Hui-Lin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene have been identified to be associated with the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in various populations worldwide, but the results in Chinese are conflicting, and no data are available about the Liannan Yao population. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of the TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms (rs12255372, rs7903146, rs7901695, rs11196205, and rs7895340) with T2DM in the Yao population living in the rural areas in the Liannan Yao Autonomous County.
This was a case-control study of 28 subjects with T2DM or prediabetes and 52 non-T2DM controls, all from the Chinese Yao population and recruited between January 2019 and June 2020. Patients with T2DM and prediabetes were grouped as the case group. The five SNPs (rs12255372, rs7903146, rs7901695, rs11196205, and rs7895340) were examined by polymerase chain reaction and direct genomic DNA sequencing in case and control groups.
The subjects in case group were older than the controls (55±14 vs 48 ± 15 years, P = .047), had higher FBG levels (9.31 ± 5.43 vs 4.09 ± 0.81, P < .001), higher TC (5.79 ± 1.29 vs 5.13 ± 1.18 mmol/L, P = .025), and higher triglycerides (2.94 ± 2.04 vs 1.86 ± 1.39 mmol/L, P = .003). The genotypic distribution for each of the SNPs was in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There were no statistically significant differences in the distributions of genotypes or alleles at all five SNPs of the TCF7L2 gene between the case and control groups (all P > .05).
TCF7L2 SNPs were not associated with T2DM in the Liannan Yao population.
Current Evidence on the Clinical Relevance of Donor‐specific Antibodies in Paediatric Liver Transplantation
Authors: Götz Juliane K. , Kiene Hella , Goldschmidt Imeke , Junge Norman , Pfister Eva‐Doreen , Leiskau Christoph , Brown Rachel M. , Immenschuh Stephan , Baumann Ulrich 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe clinical impact of donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) occurring before or after liver transplantation (LT) against donor‐human leucocyte antigen (HLA) on graft outcome is still unclear. We aim to present the current consensus based on recent paediatric LT case series. Compared to kidney transplantation, the liver seems to be less susceptible to antibody‐mediated graft damage, which is likely due to protective Kupffer cell activity. The incidence of DSA after liver transplantation is higher in children than in adults. DSA directed against HLA class II molecules, mainly DQ, occur more often. The presence of such anti‐class II DSA (DQ/DR), especially of the complement‐binding IgG3 subclass, may be associated with endothelial injury, T‐cell‐mediated rejection (TCMR), inflammation, and fibrosis. Regular DSA‐posttransplant monitoring cannot as yet be recommended in routine practice but may be useful in selected cases.
Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 1 as a Potential New Serological Marker of Liver Status in Children With Wilson Disease
Authors: Bierła Joanna Beata , Jańczyk Wojciech , Konopka Ewa , Wierzbicka-Rucińska Aldona , Więckowski Sebastian , Obrycki Łukasz , Sarnecki Jędrzej , Kanarek Ewelina , Cukrowska Bożena , Socha Piotr 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Wilson disease (WD) is a copper metabolism disorder with toxic copper accumulation in the liver leading to liver steatosis or fibrosis. In vitro studies suggest that fatty acid-binding protein 1 (L-FABP) and lipid droplet-associated protein 5 (PLIN5) may have an impact on both processes, but knowledge about these potential biomarkers is insufficient in the case of WD. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine L-FABP and PLIN5 levels in sera of WD patients in relation to liver steatosis/fibrosis.

Methods:
The final study involved 74 WD children in whom liver steatosis (WD1 subgroup, n = 28) and fibrosis (WD2 subgroup, n = 13) were assessed with the use of transient elastography. Control groups included WD children without steatosis and fibrosis (WD0 subgroup, n = 33) and healthy children (n = 75). L-FABP and PLIN5 measurements were performed in sera with the use of the immunoenzymatic method.

Results:
L-FABP was significantly higher in the WD2 subgroup, and the correlation between L-FABP concentration and liver fibrosis was confirmed statistically by regression analysis (P = 0.04) with Pearson's coefficient r = 0.24. L-FABP was significantly correlated with alanine aminotransferase (r = 0.42) and aspartate aminotransferase (r = 0.37) activity. PLIN5 concentration was similar in all groups and was not related to steatosis and fibrosis.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that serum L-FABP could be a novel biomarker of liver fibrosis in WD children.
Bone Health in Pediatric Patients With Crohn Disease
Authors: Rozes Sylvana , Guilmin‐Crepon Sophie , Alison Marianne , Thomas Edouard , Hugot Jean‐Pierre , Viala Jerome , Martinez‐Vinson Christine 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of our study was to examine longitudinal changes in bone mineral density (BMD) of children and adolescents with Crohn disease (CD), and risk factors related to low BMD.Patients and methods:All patients ages from 2 to 18 years with CD who underwent dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) at diagnosis and at the end of follow‐up between 1999 and 2018 were considered for inclusion in this retrospective study. Factors related to changes in BMD at diagnosis and during follow‐up were investigated.Results:One hundred and ninety‐three patients had the two DXA required. At diagnosis, 36 patients (18.7%) had a low BMD.At the end of follow‐up, 31 patients (16%). One hundred and sixty‐four patients did not have the two DXA required.In included CD, BMD values were lower in the lumbar spine (LS) than in total body less head (TBLH), as well at diagnosis (P < 0.0001) or at the end of follow‐up (P = 0.001).At diagnosis, only growth impairment or low BMI was associated with low BMD (P < 0.0001), only cumulative dose of corticosteroid at the end of follow‐up (P = 0.01).Conclusion:The high prevalence of low BMD in children and adolescents with IBD highlights the importance of evaluating BMD in these patients at the time of diagnosis and throughout the course of their treatment. Special attention must be given to patients with height delay or low BMI at diagnosis. Long‐term glucocorticoid therapy is the main clinical risk factor associated with low BMD at the end of follow‐up.
Effect of Sperm Morphology in Intrauterine Insemination: Analysis of 115 Cycles and Literature Review
Authors: Fuentes Ávila Anaïs , Blasco Sanz Ruth , Cortés Alaguero Caterina 
Published: March 2021

Importance
The value of morphology as a sperm parameter remains uncertain. Many studies have addressed the importance of morphology to predict the success of intrauterine insemination (IUI), but with conflicting results.

Objective
The aims of this study were to review the current literature, to query our own clinical experience via a retrospective, descriptive study, and to determine whether the diagnosis of isolated teratozoospermia influences pregnancy rate after IUI.

Results
We identified a large number of studies addressing this question. All were retrospective and most used different criteria to assess sperm morphology. Further complicating matters, the cutoff for normal morphology decreased from 15% to 4%.
In our patient population, we found 12 cases of isolated teratozoospermia (10.43%). Only one of these produced an ongoing pregnancy and live birth. In all other cases, alteration of other sperm parameters coexisted (89.57%). These cycles produced a pregnancy rate of 13%, a nonsignficant difference. Pregnancy rates also were analyzed according to the percentage of normal morphology: 35.71% for less than 4%, 50% for 5% to 9%, and 14.29% for 10% to 14%. These rates did not differ significantly.

Conclusions and Relevance
No consistent effect of sperm morphology on pregnancy rate was found in either the published literature or our own clinical experience. Larger and prospective studies are needed to identify any subtle effects of morphology on IUI outcomes that might exist.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After participating in this activity, physicians should be better able to define features of teratozoospermia; describe pregnancy rates according to sperm morphology; determine if there are significant differences in patients' pregnancy rates for isolated teratozoospermia; and clarify whether these patients could benefit from in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
Effect of Combined Hydrocortisone, Ascorbic Acid and Thiamine for Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Tong , Hu Chang , Huang Weipeng , Xu Qiancheng , Hu Bo , Li Jianguo 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This study aims to assess the effect of HAT therapy on patients with sepsis and septic shock.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for studies on HAT therapy published up to November 11, 2020. The primary outcome was the duration of vasopressor use. Secondary outcomes were change of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score within 72 h; death within intensive care unit (ICU), hospital, and 28 or 30 days; length of stay in ICU and hospital; rate of procalcitonin (PCT) clearance and incidence of adverse events. We also used trial sequential analysis (TSA) to assess the reliability of the available evidence.

Results:
Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and seven observational studies enrolling 1,559 patients were included (762 were treated with HAT, and 797 were treated with hydrocortisone alone, standard care or placebo). HAT therapy was associated with significant reductions in duration of vasopressor use (mean differences [MD], −14.68, [95% CI, −24.28 to −5.08], P = 0.003) in RCTs, but not in observational studies (MD, 11.21 [95% CI, −44.93 to 67.35], P = 0.70). HAT therapy was associated with less organ dysfunction at 72 h both in RCTs (MD, −0.86 [95% CI, −1.32 to −0.40], P < 0.001) and observational studies (MD, −2.65 [95% CI, −5.29 to −0.01], P = 0.05). HAT therapy was associated with lower hospital mortality and higher PCT clearance in observational studies. Similar results for the primary outcome were found in the sensitivity analysis. TSA results suggested more trials to reach the required information size.

Conclusion:
Among patients with sepsis and septic shock, a combination therapy of hydrocortisone, ascorbic acid, and thiamine, compared with placebo, could reduce the duration of vasopressor use and SOFA scores during the first 72 h.

Trial registration:
PROSPERO registration ID for this study is CRD42020170648 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=170648).
The Influence of Alcohol on the Base Excess Parameter in Trauma Patients
Authors: Leiblein Maximilian , Sturm Ramona , Franz Niklas , Mühlenfeld Nils , Relja Borna , Lefering Rolf , Marzi Ingo , Wagner Nils 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
The base excess (BE) parameter can be used as an indicator of mortality. However, study results on the influence of alcohol on the validity of BE as a prognostic parameter in alcohol-intoxicated patients are controversial. Thus, this study examined the hypothesis: An increasing blood alcohol level reduces the prognostic value of the BE parameter on mortality.

Patients and Methods:
In a retrospective analysis of the multicenter database of the TraumaRegister DGU, patients from 2015 to 2017 were grouped depending on their blood alcohol level (BAL) into a BAL+ and BAL− group. The hypothesis was verified using logistic regression with an assumed significance level of 1% (P < 0.01).

Results:
Eleven thousand eight hundred eighty-nine patients were included; 9,472 patients in the BAL− group and 2,417 patients in the BAL+ group. Analysis of the BE showed lower values in the BAL+ group (BAL−: −1.8 ± 4.4 mmol/L vs. BAL+: −3.4 ± 4.6 mmol/L). There is a trend toward lower BE levels when BAL increases. Assuming a linear relationship, then BE decreases by 0.6 points per mille alcohol (95% CI: 0.5–0.7; P < 0.001). The mortality rate was significantly lower in the BAL+ group (BAL−: 11.1% vs. BAL+: 7.9%). The logistic regression analysis showed a significant beneficial influence of BAL+ on the mortality rate (OR 0.706, 95% CI 0.530–0.941, P = 0.018). To analyze whether a low BE (≤−6 mmol/L) has different prognostic effects in patients with and without alcohol, logistic regression models were calculated. However, the effect of BE ≤ −6 mmol/L was similar in both models (regression coefficients in BAL−/+ patients: 0.379/0.393).

Conclusions:
The data demonstrate an existing influence of alcohol on the BE parameter; however, this does not negatively affect the BE as a prognostic parameter at a threshold of ≤ −6 mmol/L.
Coagulation Factors Accumulate During Normothermic Liver Machine Perfusion Regardless of Donor Type and Severity of Ischemic Injury
Authors: Gilbo Nicholas , Jacquemin Marc , Nasralla David , Lazzaro Silvia , Libbrecht Louis , Lavend’homme Renaud , Peerlinck Kathelijne , Ploeg Rutger J. , Friend Peter J. , Pirenne Jacques , Monbaliu Diethard , Jochmans Ina 
Published: March 2021

Background.
Coagulation factors may inform on liver function during normothermic machine perfusion (NMP). We investigated whether graft ischemic injury impairs the accumulation of anticoagulation factors during NMP of porcine and human livers.

Methods.
Dynamics of FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX, and FX during NMP and their correlation with graft injury was investigated in porcine livers with minimal (no warm ischemia, n = 5) or severe injury (60 min warm ischemia, n = 5). Next, FV, FVIII, FIX, fibrinogen, and antithrombin were measured in 35 matched human liver NMPs from the COPE trial. Correlation of these factors with outcomes was explored. Livers were categorized in to 4 groups depending on donor type and posttransplant peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as surrogate of minimal (peak < 500 IU/L) or moderate injury (peak > 1000 IU/L).

Results.
Factor concentrations increased significantly during NMP regardless of severity of injury. In porcine livers, factor concentrations were 2- to 6-fold lower in severely injured grafts (all P < 0.05). All factors negatively correlated with AST (coefficient range: from −0.50 to −0.93; all P < 0.05) and lactate (range: from −0.51 to −0.67; all P < 0.05). In human livers, no difference in factor accumulation rates and no correlation with other markers were observed. One graft with primary nonfunction had low rate of factor accumulation.

Conclusions.
Anticoagulation factors accumulate during NMP regardless of donor type and severity of injury. In pigs, severe ischemic injury resulted in significantly lower factor concentrations. In human livers with life-sustaining function, they do not correlate with hepatic injury. Whether low concentrations predict nonfunction in high-risk livers with severe injury requires further investigation.
Emergence of the E484K Mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.1.220 in Upstate New York
Authors: Lesho Emil , Corey Brendan , Lebreton Francois , Ong Ana C. , Swierczewski Brett E. , Bennett Jason W. , Walsh Edward E. , Gann Patrick Mc 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOngoing surveillance detected a SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.220 variant carrying the E484K substitution in four patients from a hospital network in upstate New York. Patients reported no travel history and shared no obvious epidemiological linkage. A search of online databases identified 12 additional B.1.1.220 with E484K, all of which were detected in New York since December 2020. Detailed genomic analyses suggests that the mutation has emerged independently in at least two different B.1.1.220 strains in this region.
In-person schooling and COVID-19 transmission in Canada’s three largest cities
Authors: Bignami-van Assche Simona , Boujija Yacine , Fisman David , Sandberg John 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIn North America and Europe, the Fall 2020 school term has coincided with the beginning of the second wave of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, sparking a heated debate about the role of in-person schooling for community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This issue has immediate policy relevance for deciding how to operate schools safely as the pandemic unfolds, new variants of SARS-CoV-2 are circulating, and immunization coverage remains low. We contribute to this debate by presenting data on trends in COVID-19 weekly incidence among school-aged children 0-19 years old vis-à-vis other age groups during Fall 2020 in Canada’s three largest cities: Montréal, Toronto and Calgary. We interpret these trends in light of the different back-to-school policies and other public health measures implemented in the three cities over the observation period.KEY POINTSSchool closures are an effective measure to reduce the overall incidence of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Nonetheless, there is a general consensus that the decision to close schools to control the spread of COVID-19 should be used as last resort because of the negative impact on children’s development and mental health, and since they are less likely to have severe COVID-19 outcomes than adults.Existing evidence highlights the importance of adopting appropriate mitigation strategies for limiting COVID-19 community spread when returning to in-person schooling. To understand the association between in-person schooling and COVID-19 transmission given different mitigation strategies, especially universal masking and distance learning, we compare how the second wave of COVID-19 has affected school-aged children age 0-19 years old vis-à-vis other age groups in Montréal, Toronto and Calgary during Fall 2020.The case of Montréal attests to the negative consequences of not implementing recommended migration strategies when reopening schools, even when public health measures such as gatherings restrictions are in place to maintain low levels of community transmission. On the contrary, school measures adopted in Toronto (optional distance learning and masking mandates), have limited the role of COVID-19 transmission among school-aged children for overall community transmission. In Calgary, this effect has been smaller, likely because public health measures to limit COVID-19 community spread were not introduced until early December 2020.Our findings have immediate policy relevance for deciding how to operate schools safely as the pandemic unfolds, new variants of SARS-CoV-2 are circulating, and immunization coverage remains low.
Determinants of COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Crankson Shirley , Pokhrel Subhash , Anokye Nana Kwame 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe current pandemic, COVID-19, caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has claimed over a million lives worldwide in a year, warranting the need for more research into the wider determinants of COVID-19 outcomes to support evidence-based policies.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate what factors determined the mortality and length of hospitalisation in individuals with COVID-19.Data SourceThis is a systematic review with data from four electronic databases: Scopus, Google Scholar, CINAHL and Web of Science.Eligibility CriteriaStudies were included in this review if they explored determinants of COVID-19 mortality or length of hospitalisation, were written in the English Language, and had available full-text.Study appraisal and data synthesisThe authors assessed the quality of the included studies with the Newcastle□Ottawa Scale and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist, depending on their study design. Risk of bias in the included studies was assessed with risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomised studies. A narrative synthesis of the evidence was carried out. The review methods were informed by the Joana Briggs Institute guideline for systematic reviews.ResultsThe review included 22 studies from nine countries, with participants totalling 239,830. The included studies’ quality was moderate to high. The identified determinants were categorised into demographic, biological, socioeconomic and lifestyle risk factors, based on the Dahlgren and Whitehead determinant of health model. Increasing age (ORs 1.04-20.6, 95%CIs 1.01-22.68) was the common demographic determinant of COVID-19 mortality while living with diabetes (ORs 0.50-3.2, 95%CIs −0.2-0.74) was one of the most common biological determinants of COVID-19 length of hospitalisation.Review limitationMeta-analysis was not conducted because of included studies’ heterogeneity.ConclusionCOVID-19 outcomes are predicted by multiple determinants, with increasing age and living with diabetes being the most common risk factors. Population-level policies that prioritise interventions for the elderly population and the people living with diabetes may help mitigate the outbreak’s impact.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021237063.Strength and limitations of this reviewThis is the first systematic review synthesising the evidence on determinants of COVID-19 LOS outcome.It is also the first review to provide a comprehensive investigation of contextual determinants of COVID-19 outcomes, based on the determinants of health model; thus, presenting with crucial gaps in the literature on the determinants of COVID-19 outcomes that require urgent attention.The review was restricted in conducting meta-analysis due to included studies’ heterogeneity.The review focused on only papers published in the English Language; hence, other relevant papers written on other languages could have been omitted.
Co3O4/PAn Magnetic Nanoparticle-Modified Electrochemical Immunosensor for Azocyclotin
Authors: Wang Weihua , Han Zhanjiang , Xi Qian , Gao Dongla , Guo Ruicheng , Kuang Pengcheng , Li Dongliang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the current study, for rapid detection of azocylotin residues in agricultural products, the Co3O4/PAn nanoparticles modified electrochemical immunosensor was generated successfully. Azocylotin-BSA artificial antigen coupling to the surface of the working electrode coated with the Co3O4/PAn nanoparticles thin-layer, the competitive inhibition reaction is launched between the azocylotin in the samples and the azocylotin coupled on the electrode with the azocylotin monoclonal antibodies in the test system. The antigen-antibody reaction signal conductive amplified by the coupled silver nanoparticles, and then the electrolytic current in the reaction system was detected. After establishing basic detection system, a series of optimization including the concentration of immobilized membrane optimization, electrode surface coated material composition optimization, selection of buffer, coupling antigen concentration optimization and anti-antibody label optimization will be done. Subsequently, the concentrations of azocylotin in samples of standards, orange and apple were tested, and the results indicated that this immune sensor has good sensitivity and high accuracy. The research could provide the reference for the research, development and application of sensors to realize rapid detection of pesticide residues in agricultural products.