bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Henri Janne et la référence au total
Authors: Coenen-Huther Jacques 
Published: May 2021

Le sociologue Henri Janne (1908-1991) est connu surtout pour son maître‑livre Le Système social (1968) privilégiant la recherche des corrélations par rapport à celle des causes et distinguant l’analyse des faits sociaux en tant que tels et leur relation avec le substrat matériel. L’œuvre porte sur l’interprétation de l’Histoire par la médiatisation du facteur technique et sur le phénomène général de la stratification sociale. Ces travaux s’appuient sur les catégories conceptuelles d’Eugène Dupréel dont Janne fut le disciple. Le mécanisme à la base de toute stratification est le phénomène de la complémentarité plaçant certains individus en position de « termes communs ». Janne, influencé par Robert K. Merton, adopta les cadres conceptuels et les modes de raisonnement du fonctionnalisme. Explorant les relations entre fonction et finalité, il fut amené à construire deux modèles distincts, le modèle fonctionnel et le modèle de la force sociale, pouvant être représentés par une structure en quadrillé issue du croisement d’une stratification horizontale et d’une stratification verticale.
Halbwachs, lecteur de l’Éthique protestante
Authors: Marcel Jean-Christophe 
Published: May 2021

Maurice Halbwachs a été un lecteur assidu de Max Weber dont il s’est efforcé de faire connaître l’œuvre au public français, en publiant régulièrement des comptes rendus de ses publications, au fur et à mesure de leurs parutions. Néanmoins, sa réception outrepasse cette simple présentation. Il a en effet entretenu un long dialogue avec la pensée de Weber sur la question de l’émergence et de l’évolution du capitalisme, laquelle croise certains de ses centres d’intérêts. La façon dont Halbwachs comprend et utilise le travail de Weber met en évidence un certain nombre de ses préoccupations dans des débats à l’intérieur desquels s’inscrit sa réflexion dans les années 1920-1930 : la mémoire collective des classes sociales ; les motivations collectivement partagées par ces classes ; les valeurs et les représentations collectives associées à ces motivations ; mais surtout : le passage des sociétés anciennes aux sociétés modernes.
Can Gandhi’s ethics remedy the self-interest maximisation of existing theories of justice?
Authors: Tayshete Neha 
Published: May 2021

This article suggests that existing theories of justice tacitly involve an ethic of self-interest maximisation. Contrarily, Mohandas Gandhi’s philosophy asserts that one ought to focus on the process of work rather than on the higher income created by work performance/work productivity. The practical implications here are: a) Gandhi’s ethic implies that exorbitant/luxury consumption is regrettable and that one ought to conscientiously and personally endeavor to reduce this without external or governmental coercion. By contrast, Ronald Dworkin’s, John Rawls’, Gerald Cohen’s, and Thomas Scanlon’s theses are not opposed to exorbitant/luxury consumption by the privileged because this can be a part of personal pursuits or “rational plans.” I propose that this is tantamount to tacit self-interest maximisation. b) Cohen considered indulging in “positional consumption” to be unethical because it violates Rawls’ principles. However, “genuine personal pursuits” are permitted. How do we distinguish the former from the latter in this regard? Gandhi’s philosophy could help to resolve this question.
A Study of Intra-abdominal Pressure Measurement Using a New Innovative Technique with Foley's Catheter
Authors: Gorad Kedar , Prabhu Vinod 
Published: May 2021

Aim:
We aimed to study intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) measurement using a new innovative technique with Foley's catheter.

Introduction:
Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is defined as an IAP equal to or above 12 mmHg (16.31 cm of water) (1 mmHg = 1.3 cm of water) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is defined as an IAP above 20 mmHg along with organ malfunction. Effect of increased intra-abdominal tension is acute renal failure, pulmonary dysfunction, and decreased blood flow to the gastrointestinal organs. It may cause diaphragm elevation along with an increase in intrathoracic pressure causing pulmonary dysfunction and a decrease in the venous return to the brain leading to intracranial congestion and brain dysfunction. Increased IAP is commonly measured by recording intravesical pressure. In this study, we are using 50 ml of saline for urinary bladder pressure measurement through Foley's catheter.

Methods:
In this prospective study, we measured IAP by Foley's catheter in the urinary bladder in 250 patients which were admitted to our hospital. In this study, 196 patients were male and 54 patients were female. After establishing normal values in routine patients, the IAP was derived above which the values were considered as IAH.

Results:
Patients with laparoscopic abdominal surgeries, for example, laparoscopic appendectomy and/or laparoscopic cholecystectomy, obstructed hernia (enterocele) and intestinal obstruction, pancreatic ascites, pneumothorax, alcoholic liver disease with ascites, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, had raised IAP as compared to others. The average IAP of our patients who were routine patients was 7–9 cm of water. IAH was considered when values were above 9 cm of water.

Conclusion:
Our study showed that intravesical pressure measurement is a simple, minimally invasive method that may reliably estimate IAP in patients placed in supine position. When applied clinically, this should alert the clinician to take safety measures to avoid ACS.
Composition of working groups: How does the functional and social diversity affect their performance?
Authors: Pérez-Calero Leticia , Aguilar Rocio , Larrañeta Barbara 
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo examina cómo la configuración de un equipo de trabajo, en base a las características de sus miembros, puede repercutir en su rendimiento. En concreto, nos centramos en la diversidad como elemento a tener en cuenta en la configuración de los equipos. Mediante información recogida a través de encuestas a los estudiantes, concluimos que los diferentes tipos de diversidad analizados van a tener influencias diferentes en los rendimientos del grupo por lo que las nuevas configuraciones deben tener en cuenta grupos diversos en género, con la misma nacionalidad, con estudios previos similares y con experiencia laboral en el mismo nivel. Estos resultados contribuyen a considerar que los resultados de equipo de trabajo no dependen sólo de la suma de los perfiles de sus individuos, sino de la integración de tales recursos aportados y la voluntad de trabajar de forma efectiva con los demás de manera que contribuya al logro de sus metas.
La alfabetización académica: aportes desde la clase de comprensión lectora de textos en inglês
Authors: Grodek Silvia Déborah 
Published: May 2021

Al ingresar al ámbito universitario, los estudiantes recién egresados del nivel secundario enfrentan diferentes tipos de dificultades de diferentes tipos. En este sentido, uno de los principales obstáculos que estos alumnos deben abordar tiene que ver con el desarrollo de competencias de lectura de los géneros que habitualmente circulan en el ámbito académico.
En Argentina, estas dificultades han sido reconocidas y abordadas de diferentes maneras y con variados resultados. Así, una de las modalidades más frecuentes de intervención pedagógica en el contexto universitario ha sido la implementación de talleres de comprensión lectora que, en muchos casos, no ha logrado solucionar el problema de manera efectiva.
Entendemos que, para ser miembro de una comunidad académica y científica, como es el caso de la comunidad universitaria, es necesario dominar los géneros discursivos propios de la misma. Desde la cátedra Idioma Moderno, Inglés II nos planteamos la necesidad de brindar nuestro aporte para la inserción del estudiante en las comunidades disciplinares y profesionales, las cuales poseen prácticas discursivas propias.
En este trabajo tomaré como base el concepto de alfabetización académica, el cual implica “el conjunto de nociones y estrategias necesarias para participar en la cultura discursiva de las disciplinas, así como en las actividades de producción y análisis de textos requeridas para aprender en la universidad” (Carlino, 2005: 13). Desde un enfoque funcional y sociocultural del concepto de alfabetización académica, entendemos que en nuestras clases de lectura en lengua extranjera podemos colaborar en el desarrollo de estrategias de comunicación en nuestros estudiantes, y fomentar en ellos el desarrollo de habilidades para “aprender a aprender” en el ámbito universitario.
El objetivo de este trabajo es brindar una reflexión acerca de las diferentes prácticas de lectura implementadas en nuestra cátedra y que contribuyen a la alfabetización académica de nuestros estudiantes. Estas reflexiones se basan en experiencias llevadas a cabo en nuestras clases, así como también en estudios desarrollados con nuestros alumnos en los últimos años.
Evaluation of health system in Iraq from people's point of view: a comparative study of two different eras
Authors: Ali Jadoo Saad Ahmed , Alhusseiny Adil H. , Yaseen Shukur Mahmood , Al-Samarrai Mustafa Ali Mustafa , Mahmood Anmar Shukur 
Published: May 2021

Background: Since the 2003 United States–British coalition military invasion, Iraq has been in a state of continuous deterioration at all levels, including the health sector. This study aimed to elicit the viewpoints of the Iraqi people on the current health system, focusing on many provided health services and assessing whether the public prefers the current health system or that was provided before the invasion.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey designed to explore the Iraqi people’s opinions on their health system. A self-administered questionnaire using a multi-stage sampling technique was distributed in five geographical regions in Iraq to collect the data from the head of household between 1st October and 31st of December 2019. Multiple logistic regressions were recruited to determine the significant contributing variables in this study.
Results: A total of 365 heads of households (response rate: 86.1%) with the mean age of 48.36 + 11.92 years (ranged 35-78) included in the study. Most of the respondents (61.4%) complained of healthcare inaccessibility, 59.7% believed that health resources were not available, 53.7% claimed a deterioration in the quality of care, and 62.2% believed that the political / media position did not contribute to positive changes during the past two decades. Indeed, most respondents (66.0%) believe that the current healthcare system is worse than before. In the multivariate analysis, there was a statistically significant relationship between the characteristics and opinions of the respondents. Old age group (p = 0.003), men (p = < 0.001), married (p = 0.001), low educated (p = < 0.001), rural resident (p = < 0.001), unemployed (p = 0.003), monthly income of less than USD 400 (p = < 0.001), consider themselves to be unhealthy (p = 0.001), and those who think that people are unhappy now than two decades ago (p = 0.012) have a more negative opinion of the health system.
Conclusion: Most Iraqis surveyed expressed disappointment from the health system after the 2003 United States–British Coalition military invasion. The current health system is faltering at all levels and does not meet the citizens' basic needs. Health Transformation Program (HTP) has become inevitable to develop an accessible, affordable, high-quality, efficient, and effective health system.
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN KAHOOT SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DI STIABI RIYADUL 'ULUM
Authors: Arifin Faizal 
Published: May 2021

Revolusi Industri 4.0 mempengaruhi berbagai aspek kehidupan termasuk dunia pendidikan. Penggunaan kuis online dalam perkuliahan pada perguruan tinggi dapat menjadi media pembelajaran sekaligus alternatif alat evaluasi pembelajaran. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengungkap fenomena penggunaan Kahoot sebagai media pembelajaran melalui aspek persepsi mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif melalui kuisioner yang diisi oleh mahasiswa sebagai peserta didik. Perolehan data menggunakan metode random sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 46 mahasiswa. Analisis data pada penelitian menggunakan cara klasifikasi data dan memberikan penafsiran atas data terserbut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kahoot sebagai media pembelajaran memiliki potensi untuk mengoptimalkan, meningkatkan serta memotivasi peserta didik. Persepsi mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan Kahoot sebagai media pembelajaran adalah positif dengan kategori dengan indeks total mencapai 81,1%. Mahasiswa mempersepsikan bahwa Kahoot dapat meningkatkan minat dalam belajar serta membantu proses pembelajaran untuk lebih efektif. Selanjutnya mahasiswa setuju jika Kahoot digunakan sebagai alat evaluasi dan akan merekomendasikan penggunaan Kahoot. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu untuk mengukur pengaruh penggunaan Kahoot terhadap hasil belajar, pemahaman terhadap materi yang disajikan, dan posibilitas implikasi lainnya. Perlu penelitian lainnya juga untuk mengkaji bagaimana persepsi peserta didik dalam penggunaan Kahoot bagi level pendidikan yang lebih tinggi atau yang lebih rendah.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN QUIZIZZ PADA MATERI DINAMIKA ROTASI SELAMA PANDEMI
Authors: Mutammimah Mrs. 
Published: May 2021

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of students in grade XI MIA 5 SMAS Dharma Loka Pekanbaru by utilizing Quizizz application on rotational dynamics material during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a class action research (PTK) conducted over two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The learning media utilized is the online quiz app Quizizz. The advantages of this application include learning is interactive, interesting and provides data and reports of mastery stages and values of learners. The results of this study showed that the utilization of Quizizz online quiz media during the Covid-19 pandemic can improve the learning outcomes of learners in the rotational dynamics material of class XI MIA 5 at Dharma Loka Pekanbaru High School. Evidenced by the test results at the end of cycle I there were 29 learners with a complete percentage of 70.90% and experienced a percentage of completion in cycle II of 88.86% of 29 students. This indicates that the student's target of completeness has exceeded the minimum threshold.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI KETERAMPILAN SISWA MELALUI METODE PEMBELAJARAN DEMONSTARSI PADA MATA PELAJARAN PRODUKTIF PEMELIHARAAN KELISTRIKAN KENDARAAN RINGAN
Authors: Utomo Mulyo 
Published: May 2021

Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi keterampilan siswa serta untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang seberapa besar pengaruh metode demonstarsi dalam meningkatkan kompetensi keterampilan siswa khusunya pada mata pelajaran produktif Pemeliharaan Kelistrikan Kendaraan Ringan pada Kompetensi Dasar Perbaikan Sistem Pengisian. Pada penelitian tindakan kelas ini kami melaksanakan dalam 2 siklus, dengan subyek penelitian sebanyak 20 siswa kelas XII TKR semester ganjil. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan alat pengumpul data berupa tes unjuk kerja siswa dan lembar aktivitas belajar siswa. dari penilaian unjuk kerja pada siklus I didapat nilai rata-rata 68 dengan kreteria kompeten 40% dan tidak kompeten 60%, sedangkan pada siklus II didapat nilai rata-rata sebesar 80,25 dengan kreteria kompeten sebesar 85% dan 15% tidak kompeten. Dari kegiatan pada siklus II dapat dilihat juga keaktifan siswa dalam melaksanakan kegiatan unjuk kerja dengan kreteria: a). SOP, tanpa kerusakan, mandiri dan tanpa bimbingan 25%, b). SOP, tanpa kerusakan, mandiri dan dengan sedikit bimbingan 50%, c). SOP, tanpa kerusakan, mandiri dan banyak bimbingan 10%, d). SOP,tanpa kerusakan, mandiri dan dengan sangat banyak bimbingan 15%. Dari data di atas dapat disimpuklan dengan menggunakan metode demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan kompetensi keterampilan siswa.
EDUKASI EARLY WARNING DBD DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Efendi Mr. 
Published: May 2021

Mengingat banyaknya jumlah anak sekolah, maka kelompok anak sekolah bisa menjadi ujung tombak dalam perilaku pengendalian vektor DBD di Kota Padang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui sikap peserta didik dan kaitannya dengan pengetahuan dan perilaku pengendalian vektor DBD. Dengan ini diharapkan terjadi peningkatan peran serta komunitas sekolah dalam pencegah DBD. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Data survey dilakukan pada September-November 2020. Populasi penelitian adalah peserta didik SD/MI kelas 5 Kota Padang, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Metode sampling menggunakan sampel bertingkat. Variabel bebas adalah pengetahuan dan sikap peserta didik sedangkan variabel terikat adalah perilaku peserta didik dalam pengendalian vektor DBD. Jumlah sampel adalah 306 peserta didik. Hasil survei menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap serta pengetahuan dengan perilaku. Sikap berkorelasi signifikan dengan perilaku pengendalian vektor oleh peserta didik. Sebagai saran, direkomendasikan edukasi Early Warning DBD diberikan kepada peserta didik tentang pengetahuan daur hidup nyamuk dan upaya pengendalian DBD. Tentu saja guru sebagai pengajar sebaiknya menjadi model dalam perilaku pengendalian vektor DBD bagi anak sekolah.
POLICIALIZAÇÃO DE FATOS ATÍPICOS NAS DELEGACIAS DE POLÍCIA CIVIL
Authors: Damasceno Ferreira Helena Lucia , Damasceno Ferreira Tiago José 
Published: May 2021

Introdução: Partindo da temática dos fatos atípicos à atividade policial, este estudo discute a policialização dessas ocorrências. Problema: De que forma se poderia tratar o registro de fatos atípicos nas Delegacias de Polícia Civil? Objetivo Geral: analisar possibilidades para a diminuição dos registros de fatos atípicos nas delegacias de Polícia Civil. Objetivos específicos: analisar a atividade policial, a partir dos fatos policiais típicos e atípicos; identificar possíveis causas para a policialização de fatos policiais atípicos, relacionando-os às políticas públicas voltadas para as áreas sociais. Procedimentos metodológicos: Estudo aplicado, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Optou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica e estudo de caso. Após a coleta e sistematização das informações, procedeu-se à análise qualitativa, conforme o referencial teórico adotado. Resultados: O registro de fatos atípicos, ocorre pela desinformação e dificuldades de acesso do cidadão em relação aos serviços públicos; desconhecimento do que constitui infração penal. Buscando suprir essas lacunas que culminam no assoberbamento das funções da Polícia Civil, sugere-se a “comunicação simplificada de fato”, visto que, além de suas funções constitucionais, exerce um papel social de relevância à sociedade. Conclusão: Sugere-se que a “comunicação simplificada de fato” seja ampliada, a fim de melhoria da comunicação entre Estado e cidadão, através de melhor interlocução em relação aos direitos e deveres, enquanto pressuposto para o exercício pleno de cidadania.

Palavras-chave: Polícia Civil; Atividade policial; Fatos atípicos.
Regional analysis of diabetic retinopathy and co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland
Authors: Kozioł Milena , Nowak Michał S. , Koń Beata , Udziela Monika , Szaflik Jacek P. 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionThe aim of our study was to analyze the regional differences in diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence and its co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland in the year 2017.Material and methodsData from all levels of healthcare services at public and private institutions recorded in the National Health Fund database were evaluated. International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and with DR. Moran's I statistics and Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model allowed to understand the distribution of DR prevalence, and its possible association with environmental and demographic exposures..ResultsIn total, 310,815 individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR) were diagnosed in the year 2017 in Poland. Of them, 174,384 (56.11%) were women; 221,144 (71.15%) lived in urban areas; 40,231 (12.94%) and 270,584 (87.06%) had type 1 and type 2 DM, respectively. The analysis of the SAR model showed a higher level of average income and a higher number of ophthalmologic consultations per 10 000 adults in the particular county were the significant factors for the occurrence of DR in the counties.ConclusionsThe analyses of social, demographic, and systemic factors co-existing with DR revealed that the level of income and the access to the ophthalmologic and diabetic service are crucial in DR prevalence in Poland.
Gentiana macrophylla exhibits a potential therapeutic effect on osteoarthritis (OA) via modulating disease-related proteins
Authors: Xu Haitao , Gao Ningyang , Zheng Yuxin 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionProstaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been reported to cause cartilage degradation in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of OA, while p-AKT and p-P39 signaling pathways were reported to be activated in the pathogenesis of OA. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Gentiana macrophylla (GM) on the treatment of OA.Material and methodsPrimary rat chondrocytes were treated with PBS, IL-1β, and IL-1β+GM respectively to established in vitro models, and in vivo models were set up as a SHAM group, a monoiodoacetic acid (MIA) group, a MIA+GM (low dose) group and a MIA+GM (high dose) group.ResultsIn primary rat chondrocytes, the IL-1β treatment elevated the expression of PGE2 and COX2 mRNA. However, the GM treatment reduced the expression of PGE2 mRNA and COX2 mRNA. Also, the GM treatment reduced the expression of above MMPs in primary rat chondrocytes treated with IL-1β. Moreover, unlike P38 and AKT, GM treatment could reduce the expression of p-P38 and p-AKT in primary rat chondrocytes treated with IL-1β. Also, GM treatment reduced the up-regulated expression of COX2, MMPs including MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13, and p-P38 and p-AKT in OA rat models, thus exhibiting a therapeutic effect on OA pathology.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated the inhibitory effect of GM on the up-regulated expression of PGE2, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), MMPs including MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13, AKT and P38 in OA models, thus verifying the therapeutic effect of GM on the treatment of OA.