bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bergenin - A Biologically Active Scaffold: Nanotechnological Perspectives
Authors: Madaan Reecha , Singla Rajeev K. , Kumar Suresh , Dubey Ankit Kumar , Kumar Dinesh , Sharma Pooja , Bala Rajni , Singla Shailja , Shen Bairong 
Published: October 2021

:
Bergenin, 4-O-methyl gallic acid glucoside, is a bioactive compound in various plants
belonging to different families. The present work compiles scattered information on pharmacology,
structure-activity relationship and nanotechnological aspects of bergenin, collected from various
electronic databases such as Sci Finder, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc. Bergenin has been reported
to exhibit hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, antiviral, and antimicrobial
activities. Molecular docking studies have shown that isocoumarin pharmacophore of bergenin
is essential for its bioactivities. Bergenin holds a great potential to be used as a lead molecule and
also as a therapeutic agent for the development of more efficacious and safer semisynthetic derivatives.
Nanotechnological concepts can be employed to overcome the poor bioavailability of bergenin.
Finally, it is concluded that bergenin can emerge as clinically potential medicine in modern
therapeutics.
Anti-Angiogenic and Cytotoxicity Effects of Selachyl Alcohol Analogues
Authors: Momha René , Le Bot Damien , Mosset Paul , Legrand Alain Bernard 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The active ingredients in the shark liver oil (SLO) mixture were found to be a group of etherlinked
glycerol known as alkylglycerols (AKGs). During the last century, initial clinical use of the SLO mixture was
for treating leukemias and later preventing radiation sickness from cancer x-ray therapy. Selachyl alcohol is one of the
most abundant AKGs in the SLO mixture and it displayed strong activity in reducing lung metastasis number on a
model of grafted tumor in mice (Lewis lung carcinoma cells).

Objectives:
In this study, selachyl alcohol analogue containing methoxyl (7), gem-difluorinated (8), azide (9) and hydroxyl
(10) group at the 12 position in the alkyl chain were synthesized and compared regarding their cytotoxicity and
anti-migratory effects on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell line.

Methods:
AKGs 7-10 were synthesized according to the literature procedure. The cytotoxicity of the studied AKGs
was evaluated by the MTT test and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell line (HUVEC) was used as an in vitro
model to evaluate their anti-migratory effects.

Results:
The four AKGs have substantially the same toxicity threshold (≥ 12 μM), whereas they have an anti-migratory
activity significantly different on endothelial cells. AKGs 9 and 10 significantly reduce the chemotactic migration
induced by VEGF, but analogue (10) containing the hydroxyl group at the 12 position in the alkyl chain was the most
potent anti-VEGF inhibitor.

Conclusion:
We presented here a series of four synthetic selachyl alcohol analogues, among which AKGs 9 and 10
showed the ability to inhibit endothelial cell migration. The relationship structures and anti-VEGF effects of these
analogues were also evaluated and discussed. Unnatural synthesized AKGs could be explored as one new source of
anticancer agents.
Pedestrian Compliance at Signalized Intersections along Major Arterials
Authors: Shaaban Khaled 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Pedestrian non-compliance at signalized crossings is unsafe and considered one of the causes of pedestrian crashes. The speed limit on most major urban roads is 60 km/hr or less. However, the speed on some urban roads is higher in some countries. In this case, the situation is more unsafe and increases the possibility of fatal injuries or fatalities in the case of a crash. Therefore, it is expected that the pedestrians will be more cautious on these roads.

Aim:
This study aims to explore pedestrian compliance at signalized intersections on major arterials with 80 km/hr speeds in Qatar.

Methods:
Video data were collected for pedestrian movements at multiple intersections.

Results:
The study reported a 68.1 percent compliance rate at the study locations. The results also revealed that 14.6 percent of the pedestrians crossed during the Flashing Don’t Walk interval and 17.3 percent crossed during the Steady Don’t Walk interval. These rates are considered high compared to other countries. Several variables that may influence pedestrians’ behavior were investigated. Binary and ordinal logistic regression models were developed to describe the pedestrian crossing behavior as a function of these variables.

Conclusion:
Male and middle-age pedestrians were more likely to cross during these two intervals. The analysis showed that female pedestrians, elder pedestrians, pedestrians crossing in groups, pedestrians waiting before crossing, and pedestrians crossing against a flow of other pedestrians are more likely to comply and cross during the Walk interval compared to other groups. Several solutions were proposed in the study to increase compliance rates.
Substance Use and Associated Factors Among in School Adolescents in South Africa
Authors: Khoza Aram , Shilubane Hilda N. 
Published: October 2021

Background:Substance use is a significant public health problem worldwide and adversely affects the education system because learners who use substances display behaviours that negatively influence the quality of learning and teaching. The study aimed to determine the educator’s knowledge of the factors contributing to substance use among secondary school learners in the Greater Giyani municipality.Methods:The study employed a descriptive research design, and purposive sampling was applied to select the participants. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, and data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 programme.Results:The findings show good financial background (69%), more pocket money (67%), high financial difficulties (67%), availability and accessibility of substances (51%), and psychological factors (low self-esteem, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder) as contributing to learners’ involvement in substance use.Conclusion:Substance use is a matter of serious concern in secondary schools, and several factors are believed to be perpetuating the behaviour. The government should put strict measures in place to ensure the appropriate use of marijuana and for the purpose indicated. Teachers’ inadequate knowledge of contributory factors to substance use by learners could mean that they could not educate them about substance-related harm.
Tobacco Consumption and its Associated Factors among Nepalese Students
Authors: Sharma Pragati , Pahari Sandip , Acharya Shiva Raj , Moon Deog Hwan , Shin Yong Chul 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Tobacco smoking is one of the major issues among the adolescent population worldwide. WHO has estimated that tobacco use causes six million deaths worldwide each year and predicts reaching eight million by 2030. Our study aims to assess the proportion of tobacco use and its associated factors among Nepalese students.

Methods:
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 430 students in Syangja, Nepal. Samples were selected through the cluster sampling technique. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square (χ2) test was used to find out the associated factors of tobacco consumption.

Results:
The prevalence of tobacco usage was found to be 22.8% (males 37.2%, females 8%). Students were regularly exposed to tobacco smoking in public places (70.3%) and at home (62.2%). Peer pressure (62.3%) was the most influencing factor for tobacco consumption, followed by experimentation (18.2%) and tobacco advertisements (7.8%). Cigarette (75.5%) and Hookah (74.5%) were the most common type of tobacco consumed by the participants. Tobacco consumption was higher among private school students (24.5%) than government school students (19.6%).

Conclusion:
Gender, family type, occupation, and pocket money were associated with tobacco usage (p<0.05). Although the majority of students were aware of the negative health impacts of tobacco use, the usage of tobacco products is still prevalent among Nepalese adolescent students. School-based health education and intervention programs should be implemented to reduce the habit of tobacco consumption.
Development of a Biosecurity Index for the Districts of India for the Assessment of Capacity to Cope with Infectious Disease Outbreak
Authors: Vyas Navya , Narayanan Prakash , Shashidhar Vishwanath , Hossain Shah 
Published: October 2021

Background:
In the context of newly emerging diseases, global health security has gained importance in recent years. The pandemic COVID-19 has reemphasized the significance. Despite increased attention to enhance health security, the existing capacities were not optimally prepared to respond to public health threats posed by emerging infectious diseases.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to develop a simple tool that can help monitor and build up the critical capacity to prevent, detect, respond and help identify the gaps in the preparedness of the health system.

Methods:
The cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 – December 2018 amongst the district level health functionaries like the disease surveillance, laboratory, and the animal health focal points in the selected districts across the three South Indian states.

Results:
The responses received from the participants of the study were scored and categorized by domains into a biosecurity index, which was easily adaptable to all districts and easy to implement by a district official or state health officer for the initial assessment. Data acquired from this tool could be analysed to build and inform readiness and response plans for preventing and controlling health emergencies.

Conclusion:
The biosecurity index developed for the Indian districts was an appropriate instrument for epidemic preparedness assessment.
Users’ Perceptions Toward mHealth Technologies for Health and Well-being Monitoring in Pregnancy Care: Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Li Jane , Silvera-Tawil David , Varnfield Marlien , Hussain M Sazzad , Math Vanitha 
Published: October 2021

Background
Mobile health (mHealth) technologies, such as wearable sensors, smart health devices, and mobile apps, that are capable of supporting pregnancy care are emerging. Although mHealth could be used to facilitate the tracking of health changes during pregnancy, challenges remain in data collection compliance and technology engagement among pregnant women. Understanding the interests, preferences, and requirements of pregnant women and those of clinicians is needed when designing and introducing mHealth solutions for supporting pregnant women’s monitoring of health and risk factors throughout their pregnancy journey.

Objective
This study aims to understand clinicians’ and pregnant women’s perceptions on the potential use of mHealth, including factors that may influence their engagement with mHealth technologies and the implications for technology design and implementation.

Methods
A qualitative study using semistructured interviews was conducted with 4 pregnant women, 4 postnatal women, and 13 clinicians working in perinatal care.

Results
Clinicians perceived the potential benefit of mHealth in supporting different levels of health and well-being monitoring, risk assessment, and care provision in pregnancy care. Most pregnant and postnatal female participants were open to the use of wearables and health monitoring devices and were more likely to use these technologies if they knew that clinicians were monitoring their data. Although it was acknowledged that some pregnancy-related medical conditions are suitable for an mHealth model of remote monitoring, the clinical and technical challenges in the introduction of mHealth for pregnancy care were also identified. Incorporating appropriate health and well-being measures, intelligently detecting any abnormalities, and providing tailored information for pregnant women were the critical aspects, whereas usability and data privacy were among the main concerns of the participants. Moreover, this study highlighted the challenges of engaging pregnant women in longitudinal mHealth monitoring, the additional work required for clinicians to monitor the data, and the need for an evidence-based technical solution.

Conclusions
Clinical, technical, and practical factors associated with the use of mHealth to monitor health and well-being in pregnant women need to be considered during the design and feasibility evaluation stages. Technical solutions and appropriate strategies for motivating pregnant women are critical to supporting their long-term data collection compliance and engagement with mHealth technology during pregnancy.
To Use or Not to Use a COVID-19 Contact Tracing App: Mixed Methods Survey in Wales
Authors: Jones Kerina , Thompson Rachel 
Published: October 2021

Background
Many countries remain in the grip of the COVID-19 global pandemic, with a considerable journey still ahead toward normalcy and free mobility. Contact tracing smartphone apps are among a raft of measures introduced to reduce spread of the virus, but their uptake depends on public choice.

Objective
The objective of this study was to ascertain the views of citizens in Wales on their intended use of a COVID-19 contact tracing smartphone app, including self-proposed reasons for or against use and what could lead to a change of decision.

Methods
We distributed an anonymous survey among 4000 HealthWise Wales participants in May 2020. We adopted a mixed methods approach: responses to closed questions were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics; open question responses were analyzed and grouped into categories.

Results
A total of 976 (24.4%) people completed the survey. Smartphone usage was 91.5% overall, but this varied among age groups. In total, 97.1% were aware of contact tracing apps, but only 67.2% felt sufficiently informed. Furthermore, 55.7% intended to use an app, 23.3% refused, and 21.0% were unsure. The top reasons for app use were as follows: controlling the spread of the virus, mitigating risks for others and for oneself, and increasing freedoms. The top reasons against app use were as follows: mistrusting the government, concerns about data security and privacy, and doubts about efficacy. The top response for changing one’s mind about app use from being willing to being unwilling was that nothing would; that is, they felt that nothing would cause them to become unwilling to use a contact tracing app. This was also the top response for changing one’s mind from being unwilling to being willing to use contact tracing apps. Among those who were unsure of using contact tracing apps, the top response was the need for more information.

Conclusions
Respondents demonstrated a keenness to help themselves, others, society, and the government to avoid contracting the virus and to control its spread. However, digital inclusion varied among age groups, precluding participation for some people. Nonetheless, unwillingness was significant, and considering the nature of the concerns raised and the perceived lack of information, policy and decision-makers need to do more to act openly, increase communication, and demonstrate trustworthiness if members of the public are to be confident in using an app.
Demographics Associated With Stress, Severe Mental Distress, and Anxiety Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: Nationwide Cross-sectional Web-Based Survey
Authors: Midorikawa Haruhiko , Tachikawa Hirokazu , Taguchi Takaya , Shiratori Yuki , Takahashi Asumi , Takahashi Sho , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Arai Tetsuaki 
Published: October 2021

Background
With the spread of COVID-19, the deterioration of public mental health has become a major global and social problem.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the 3 mental health problems associated with COVID-19, that is, perceived stress, severe mental distress, and anxiety symptoms, and the various demographic factors, including occupation.

Methods
A nationwide web-based questionnaire survey was conducted in Japan from August 4 to 31, 2020. In addition to sociodemographic data, the degrees of perceived stress, severe mental distress, and anxiety symptoms associated with COVID-19 were measured. After performing a descriptive statistical analysis, factors related to stress, severe mental distress, and anxiety symptoms were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.

Results
A total of 8203 respondents submitted survey responses, among whom 34.9% (2861/8203) felt intense stress associated with COVID-19, 17.1% (1403/8203) were depressed, and 13.5% (1110/8203) had severe anxiety symptoms. The logistic regression analysis showed that each of the 3 mental health problems were prevalent in females, nonbinary gender, people in their 50s, 60s and older, respondents who visited psychiatrists, and those currently in psychiatric care. Severe mental distress and anxiety symptoms were associated with the number of effective lifestyle coping strategies during the lockdown period. Severe mental distress was only prevalent in teenagers and respondents in their 20s, as students tended to develop stress and severe mental distress. With regard to occupation, working in nursing care and welfare, education and research, and medical and health sectors was associated with stress; however, working in these occupations was not associated with severe mental distress and anxiety symptoms. Unemployment was associated with severe mental distress and anxiety symptoms. All 3 mental health problems were prevalent in part-time workers and those working in entertainment and arts sectors.

Conclusions
Gender, age, occupation, history of psychiatric visits, and stress coping mechanisms were associated with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, but their associations with stress, severe mental distress, and anxiety symptoms differed. In addition, the actual state of mental health varied according to the respondents’ occupation. It is necessary to consider the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health not only at the individual level but also at the occupational level.
Breaking the Data Value-Privacy Paradox in Mobile Mental Health Systems Through User-Centered Privacy Protection: A Web-Based Survey Study
Authors: Zhang Dongsong , Lim Jaewan , Zhou Lina , Dahl Alicia A 
Published: October 2021

Background
Mobile mental health systems (MMHS) have been increasingly developed and deployed in support of monitoring, management, and intervention with regard to patients with mental disorders. However, many of these systems rely on patient data collected by smartphones or other wearable devices to infer patients’ mental status, which raises privacy concerns. Such a value-privacy paradox poses significant challenges to patients’ adoption and use of MMHS; yet, there has been limited understanding of it.

Objective
To address the significant literature gap, this research aims to investigate both the antecedents of patients’ privacy concerns and the effects of privacy concerns on their continuous usage intention with regard to MMHS.

Methods
Using a web-based survey, this research collected data from 170 participants with MMHS experience recruited from online mental health communities and a university community. The data analyses used both repeated analysis of variance and partial least squares regression.

Results
The results showed that data type (P=.003), data stage (P<.001), privacy victimization experience (P=.01), and privacy awareness (P=.08) have positive effects on privacy concerns. Specifically, users report higher privacy concerns for social interaction data (P=.007) and self-reported data (P=.001) than for biometrics data; privacy concerns are higher for data transmission (P=.01) and data sharing (P<.001) than for data collection. Our results also reveal that privacy concerns have an effect on attitude toward privacy protection (P=.001), which in turn affects continuous usage intention with regard to MMHS.

Conclusions
This study contributes to the literature by deepening our understanding of the data value-privacy paradox in MMHS research. The findings offer practical guidelines for breaking the paradox through the design of user-centered and privacy-preserving MMHS.
A cidade de Presidente Prudente (SP) sob a ótica de crianças de uma escola pública
Authors: De Sousa Evangelista Ariadne , Aparecida Dias Gomes Marin Fátima 
Published: October 2021

Este artigo é um recorte de uma tese cujo tema central foi a cidade e a infância. A partir da Sociologia da Infância e Geografia da infância, discutiu-se como as crianças concebem a cidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, caracterizada como estudo de caso. Os sujeitos da investigação foram dez crianças, de nove a onze anos, estudantes de uma escola pública, localizada na área central de Presidente Prudente (SP). O instrumento metodológico foi o Poema dos Desejos ou Wish Poem, que consistiu em um desenho elaborado a partir da sentença “A minha cidade é...”. Conforme a perspectiva dos educandos, a cidade comporta elementos artificiais e naturais, e sua organização privilegia os veículos em detrimento das pessoas; isto é, para eles, é um local de passagem, não de encontros e diversão. É necessário que o poder público atenda às demandas das crianças e planeje as cidades com base na dimensão humana. Logo, deve-se investir em espaços públicos atrativos, seguros e arborizados, que favoreçam a criatividade e o encontro.
Рroven experience in implementing proposals for improving the medical waste management system in military medical institutions of the ministry of defense of the Russian Federation
Authors: Tsutsiev S. A. , Prigorelov O. G. , Vasyagin S. N. , Soshkin P. A. 
Published: October 2021

Aim: the authors share their proven experience of participating in the development and scientific support of proposals for improving the medical waste management system.Materials and methods. The study was carried out in the format of research work to substantiate proposals for improving the system of medical waste management in extreme conditions.Results. It was found that the system of medical waste management, which functions stably under the conditions of daily activities in peacetime, in extreme situations fails and creates a risk of spreading infectious diseases among the personnel of medical institutions, the population, as well as environmental pollution. This problem is obvious also for military medical institutions of various power structures. The essence of the proposals is to maximize reduction of the stages of the waste life cycle, which in the applied aspect is implemented by equipping military medical institutions with standard installations for the disposal of any medical waste.Conclusion. The value of the conducted research lies not only in the innovative nature of the proposals made, but also in the fact that they were made long before the events associated with the epidemic of coronavirus infection. The results of this work were neither appreciated at their true worth in a timely manner, nor received wide publicity and, as a result, they have not fully used to carry out preventive measures.