bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISA PERUBAHAN GAMBAR TERHADAP KONTRAK KERJA DAN WAKTU PELAKSANAAN (Studi Kasus Pembangunan Kantor Pengelola Terminal Wisata Dan Parkir Terpadu Paniis Kabupaten Kuningan)
Authors: Saefudin Asep , Henriaman AP Henri 
Published: October 2021

Perubahan gambaran kontrak kerja dan waktu pelaksanaan pada suatu konstruksi bangunan bisa saja terjadi, hal ini karena adanya ketidaksesuaian perencanaan sehingga terjadi perubahan desain luasan lahan yang ada di site plan tidak sesuai dengan luasan lahan yang ada dilapangan. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mengetahui perubahan kontrak dari kontrak lump sump menjadi kontrak unit price dalam suatu proyek akibat adanya perubahan gambar, sehingga mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan pekerjaan menjadi adendum kontrak, dimana pada kontrak awal bangunan kantor pengelola hanya sebatas pekerjaan struktur serta tidak bisa fungsional, sementara pada adendum kontrak bangunan kantor pengelola di desain fungsional sehingga bisa langsung dipergunakan tanpa menunggu tahap berikutnya. Pada nilai kontrak akhir keseluruhan tidak mengalami perubahan/tetap dikarenakan ada pekerjaan tambah kurang (variation order). durasi waktu pelaksanaan tidak ada perubahan dikarenakan pelaksanaan dilapangan menggunakan bahan pabrikasi/praktis tinggal pasangdilapangan. Metode penelitian ini merupakan jenis kualitatitf deskriptif. Dengan prosedur pengolahan data dilakukan dengan bantuan software Microsoft Excel dan AutoCad dengan teknik analisis kausal. Hasil penelitian perubahan desain dari kontrak awal. Dari hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam analisis perubahan gambaran ulang tidak mengalami perubahan yang mencolok, hal ini karena beberapa alteratif tindakan yang digunakan adanya kesesuaian dengan kontrak kerja sesbelumya.
Experimental studies of ignition of ammonium nitrate in interaction with magnesium and sulfur powders
Authors: Вогман Л.П. , Земский Г.Т. , Зуйков В.А. , Кондратюк Н.В. 
Published: October 2021

Выполнены экспериментальные исследования взрывоопасности взаимореагирующих веществ: нитрата аммония (аммиачной селитры), который является сильным окислителем, относится к пожароопасным соединениям, в смеси с магнием и серой. Исследования свидетельствуют о взрывоопасности металлов и серы при их взаимодействии с пожароопасным веществом - окислителем (нитратом аммония). Эти особенности аммиачной селитры должны учитываться в процессе ее обращения (производство, хранение, транспортирование, применение, утилизация), при предотвращении и тушении пожаров.
Ammonium nitrate (ammonia nitrate) is widely used in industry and in agriculture. The use of ammonium nitrate as a fertilizer gives this strong oxidizer a reputation of harmless agricultural chemical. At the same time, many cases of fires and explosions were registered during the storage, transportation and processing of saltpeter. Saltpeter decomposes with the release of highly toxic nitrogen oxides, which actively maintain combustion, and in case of fire also with release of oxygen. The analysis of statistical data on fires and explosions during the circulation of ammonium nitrate indicates serious problems in ensuring fire and explosion safety of buildings and structures in particular facilities of its storage. Clean and dry saltpeter explodes at normal temperature only in the presence of large volumes of the substance under the influence of a strong initiator, for example, a detonator. However, in the presence of some substances of both organic and inorganic origin the decomposition temperature of saltpeter decreases and this process of chemical spontaneous combustion can lead to an explosion. There are conducted experimental investigations by the method of constant volume bomb to determine the excess explosion pressure (ΔР) at interaction of ammonium nitrate with magnesium and sulfur powders and to compare these data with the calculated data of the excess explosion pressure (ΔР). It is established that the explosion pressure increases continuously with an increase in the concentration of the oxidant for mutually reactive substances consisting of combustible chemical element (magnesium, sulfur) and ammonium nitrate. This feature of the explosion of metals with an oxidizer - ammonium nitrate is a consequence of metal oxidation as well as the direct influence of decomposition products of the oxidizer in explosion. The growth of the overpressure of the explosion is also determined in the experiments when changing the volume of the reaction vessel (bomb camera) At the same specific weight of the mixture of mutually reactive substances (magnesium - ammonium nitrate) the explosion pressure increases with the volume of the bomb (the camera). The performed studies show that the contact of ammonium nitrate (ammonia nitrate) with foreign inclusions (additives) and, in particular, with metals and sulfur can lead to an explosion.
Granting preferences in the taxation of small and medium-sized enterprises: the conformity of approaches in foreign countries and Russia
Authors: Юдин Е.А. 
Published: October 2021

В статье рассмотрена структура налоговых преференций, предоставляемых субъектам малого и среднего предпринимательства, с учетом действующих принципов их формирования. Проведено сопоставление налоговых преференций в зарубежной и отечественной практике. Отмечена необходимость применения позитивного зарубежного опыта предоставления преференций в России, исходя из национальной специфики ее налоговой системы. Приведены меры снижения налоговой нагрузки на малый и средний бизнес, сформулированные в действующих правовых актах, публикациях, предложениях граждан. Показаны основные экономические показатели и результаты финансово-хозяйственной деятельности в сфере малого и среднего бизнеса
The article considers the structure of tax preferences, provided to small and medium-sized enterprises, taking into account the current principles of their formation. A comparison of tax preferences in foreign and domestic practice performed. The necessity of applying positive foreign experience in providing preferences in Russia taking into account the national specifics of its tax system is noted. Measures to reduce the tax burden on small and medium-sized businesses, formulated in existing legal acts, publications, and citizens' proposals, are indicated. The main economic indicators and the results of financial and economic activities in the field of small and medium-sized businesses are shown.
The analysis of correlation between dividend payments and market capitalization of Russian oil and gas companies
Authors: Бродовая М.А. , Панфилова Р.А. , Тарасова А.В. 
Published: October 2021

В статье исследуются особенности дивидендных выплат российских нефтегазовых компаний и их взаимосвязь с их рыночной капитализацией. Целью работы является выявление отсутствия или наличия взаимосвязи между вышеупомянутыми характеристиками, а также определение направления и тесноты связи в случае ее существования. Исследование проводилось посредством анализа статистики и отчетностей крупнейших российских компаний нефтегазовой отрасли, а также с помощью проведения корреляционно-регрессионного анализа зависимости дивидендных выплат и рыночной стоимости таких компаний, как: «Газпром», НК «ЛУКойл», НК «Роснефть», «Сургутнефтегаз» и «Татнефть». В результате исследования было выявлено наличие прямой достаточно тесной связи между вышеупомянутыми показателями, а также определен перечень внешних и внутренних факторов, которые влияют на отклонение коэффициента корреляции каждой компании от общего.
This article explores the features of dividend payments by Russian oil and gas companies and the connection between dividends and market capitalization. The aim of the work is to identify the absence or existence of the connection between the mentioned above characteristics and in the case of its existence to determine the direction and the closeness of the correlation. The research has been done with the analysis of statistics and reports of the largest Russian companies in the oil and gas industry and the correlative-regression analysis of the connection between dividend payments and the market value of such companies as: Gazprom, LUKoil, Rosneft, Surgutneftegas and Tatneft. As a result there is a straightforward and close enough correlation between dividends and capitalization of the companies. Moreover, a list of external and internal factors that affect the deviation of each company's correlation coefficient from the total correlation coefficient was identified.
KEY INDICATORS IN THE CONCEPT OF MODERNIZATION OF TOOLS FOR STRATEGIZING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Хашеми Д.М.Р. 
Published: October 2021

В статье исследуется система показателей в концепции модернизации инструментария стратегирования развития социоэкономических систем, а именно: анализируются основные показатели развития социоэкономической системы; раскрывается онтология социоэкономической системы; исследуется циклическая модернизация инструментария развития социоэкономических процессов.
The article examines the system of indicators in the concept of modernization of instrumentation strategies for the development of socio-economic systems, namely, analyzes the main indicators of development of socio-economic system; reveals the ontology of the socio-economic system; explores the cyclical upgrading of instrumentation development of socioeconomic processes.
INNOVATION AUDIT AS A KEY TOOL FOR INNOVATION MANAGEMENT
Authors: Митяков С.Н. , Митякова О.И. , Лапаев Д.Н. , Мурашова Н.А. , Мокрецова Е.С. 
Published: October 2021

Принятие эффективных управленческих решений, направленных на развитие инновационной деятельности как предприятий, так и региона, обеспечивается качеством и детальностью информации о социально-экономической системе. В работе представлена технология и методика одного из инструментов для принятия стратегических и оперативных решений на разных уровнях управления – инновационного аудита. Приводится пример реализации инновационного аудита на предприятиях Нижегородской области.
The adoption of effective managerial decisions aimed at developing innovative activities of both enterprises and the region is ensured by the quality and detail of information on the socio-economic system. The paper presents the technology and methodology of one of the tools for making strategic and operational decisions at different levels of management - innovative audit. An example of the implementation of innovative audit at enterprises of the Nizhny Novgorod region is given.
ALGORITHMS FOR CONSTRUCTING CRITERIA FUNCTIONS OF THE FINANCIAL EQUILIBRIUM OF A COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: Негашев Е.В. 
Published: October 2021

В статье, продолжающей изложение методики анализа финансовой устойчивости коммерческой организации в рамках новой парадигмы анализа, рассмотрены возможности дедуктивно-аксиоматического обоснования алгоритмов построения критериальных функций финансового равновесия, являющихся необходимым элементом указанной методики. Предлагаемая концепция финансового равновесия основывается на общенаучных представлениях о равновесном состоянии системы. В качестве важных примеров представлены критериальные функции финансового равновесия, вытекающие из норм права, регулирующих условия несостоятельности (банкротства) и ликвидации коммерческих организаций. Предложен общий алгоритм классификации финансовых ситуаций, основанный на распределении рисков неплатежеспособности и ликвидации коммерческой организаций по возможным ситуациям и отражающий данное распределение с помощью значений критериальных функций.
In the article, which continues the presentation of the methodology for analyzing the financial stability of a commercial organization within the framework of a new paradigm of analysis, the possibilities of deductive and axiomatic justification of algorithms for constructing criterion functions of financial equilibrium, which are a necessary element of this methodology, are considered. The proposed concept of financial equilibrium is based on general scientific ideas about the equilibrium state of the system. As important examples, the criteria of the financial equilibrium functions arising from the rules of law governing the conditions of insolvency (bankruptcy) and liquidation of commercial organizations are presented. A general algorithm for classifying financial situations is proposed, which is based on the distribution of risks of insolvency and liquidation of commercial organizations by possible situations and reflects this distribution using the values of criteria functions.
Legislative initiative for supporting the Russian economic in the impact of the coronavirus pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Третьякова Е.В. 
Published: October 2021

В статье обсуждается Пандемия COVID-19 и ее экономические последствия, которые являются беспрецедентной проблемой для бизнес-сообщества во всем мире. Проанализирован комплекс мер по решению проблем развития бизнес-сообщества в условиях пандемии COVID-19 во многих странах. Исследованы гражданско-понятийный аппарат, применяемый в данной сфере, и нормативно-правовые акты, регламентирующие меры поддержки российского бизнеса в настоящее время. Даны рекомендации по дальнейшему реформированию законодательной базы в рассматриваемой сфере с учетом нестабильности общемировых экономических процессов.
The article discusses the COVID-19 Pandemic and its economic impacts are an unprecedented problem for business community worldwide. The set of measures to solve the problems of development of business community in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries was analyzed. The civil conceptual tools used in this sphere, and legal acts regulation measures to supporting Russian business were explored. The further reform of the legislative framework in this sphere with impact of the instability of global economic processes were proposed.
THE IMPACT OF THE DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY ON THE LABOR MARKET
Authors: Сайченко О.А. 
Published: October 2021

Данная статья посвящена исследованию проблематики воздействия процессов цифровизации мировой экономики и отечественной экономики на рынок труда. В результате исследования выявлены тенденции трансформации рынка труда под воздействием цифровизации, направления изменения организации труда, структуры рынка труда, спроса на труд и предложения труда.
The article aims to explore the impact of the process-es of digitalization of the world economy and the do-mestic economy on the labor market, as well as the vulnerability of workers under the influence of digitaliza-tion and mobility. The results of the study comprise trends in the transformation of the labor market under the influence of digitalization, directions of changes in the organization of labor, the structure of the labor mar-ket, labor demand and labor supply.
Alfvén Speed Transition Zone in the Solar Corona
Authors: Wexler David B. , Stevens Michael L. , Case Anthony W. , Song Paul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Alfvén radius, r

A
, at which solar wind radial outflow speed exceeds the Alfvén wave speed, is an important parameter in understanding solar wind evolution in the extended corona. The mean solar wind angular momentum scales with

r

A

2

in the axisymmetric steady-state approximation, so the Alfvén radius is often referenced in the study of solar wind corotation and dynamics. Alfvén wave speed is derived from the magnetic-field intensity and plasma mass density. In the inner coronal regions, these parameters were previously estimated using empirical models based on remote sensing observations or from inverse-square scaling of measurements at 1 au. Parker Solar Probe (PSP) orbital encounters now provide in situ coronal plasma measurements to determine Alfvén speeds within 30 solar radii of the heliocenter. We combined the PSP solar-wind speed measurements and calculated Alfvén speeds with an inner corona wind speed profile from remote sensing studies. The zone of super-Alfvénic speed cross over is estimated to occur at mean heliocentric distance of 17.9 ± 2.1 R
⊙ for slow solar winds of the low heliolatitude corona in a near-minimum solar activity state. Our r

A
values constrain the angular momentum flux to a mean of 3.5 ± 1.01 × 1022 N m sr−1, reinforcing the recent PSP results by direct measurements of particle flows.
Could Nearby Star-forming Galaxies Light Up the Pointlike Neutrino Sky?
Authors: Ambrosone Antonio , Chianese Marco , Fiorillo Damiano F. G. , Marinelli Antonio , Miele Gennaro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Star-forming and starburst galaxies, which are well-known cosmic-ray reservoirs, are expected to emit gamma-rays and neutrinos predominantly via hadronic collisions. In this Letter, we analyze the 10 yr Fermi-LAT spectral energy distributions of 13 nearby galaxies by means of a physical model which accounts for high-energy proton transport in starburst nuclei and includes the contribution of primary and secondary electrons. In particular, we test the hypothesis that the observed gamma-ray fluxes are mostly due to star-forming activity, in agreement with the available star formation rates coming from IR and UV observations. Through this observation-based approach, we determine the most likely neutrino counterpart from star-forming and starburst galaxies and quantitatively assess the ability of current and upcoming neutrino telescopes to detect them as pointlike sources. Remarkably, we find that the cores of the Small Magellanic Cloud and the Circinus galaxy are potentially observable by KM3NeT/ARCA with 6 yr of observation. Moreover, most of the nearby galaxies are likely to be just a factor of a few below the KM3NeT and IceCube-Gen2 pointlike sensitivities. After investigating the prospects for detection of gamma-rays above TeV energies from these sources, we conclude that the joint observations of high-energy neutrinos and gamma-rays with upcoming telescopes will be an objective test for our emission model and may provide compelling evidence of star-forming activity as a tracer of neutrino production.
Decay of Solar Pores Driven by Small-scale Magnetic Reconnection Episodes
Authors: Xue Zhike , Yan Xiaoli , Yang Liheng , Chen Jie , Wang Jincheng , Li Qiaoling , Zhao Li 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present the relationships between the disappearances of two small pores, magnetic cancellations, and magnetic reconnection episodes in the NOAA AR 12778 on 2020 October 26 with high-resolution observations of the New Vacuum Solar Telescope and the Solar Dynamics Observatory. Two emerging positive polarities (P1 and P2) approach a negative polarity (N1) with velocities of 0.26 and 0.42 km s−1, respectively. Then, two small-scale magnetic reconnection episodes occur between a series of magnetic loops that are rooted in these polarities. The reconnection inflow velocities are around 4.0 km s−1 which is faster than the movements of P1 and P2. Compared with the first magnetic reconnection episode, more magnetic free energy is released in the second reconnection episode due to the greater magnetic strength of P2. Subsequently, magnetic cancellation occurs first between P1 and N1, and then between P2 and N1. At the same time, the pores S1 (N1) and S2 (P2) decay and disappear. The area decay rate of the small pore S2 is estimated to be 7.3 Mm2 hr−1, which is larger than previously reported cases. And the flux decay rate of S2 is 5.1 × 1019 Mx hr−1, similar to the results obtained in the larger sunspots. We conclude that the magnetic reconnection episodes may be caused by both the movement of the magnetic polarities and the plasma dynamics themselves. The decay and disappearance of the small pores and the polarities are driven by magnetic reconnection episodes and then flux submergence. We suggest that a magnetic reconnection episode is a more efficient mechanism for the disappearance of solar pores.
Using Magnetic Flux Conservation to Determine Heliosheath Speeds
Authors: Richardson J. D. , Cummings A. C. , Burlaga L. F. , Giacalone J. , Opher M. , Stone E. C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The heliosheath (HSH) radial speeds at Voyager 2 (V2) derived from the plasma instrument (PLS) and from particle instruments using the Compton–Getting (CG) effect are different. At V2 the CG speeds are more variable than the plasma speeds and decrease about 2 yr before the heliopause. We use magnetic flux conservation to differentiate between these two speed profiles at V2, comparing the magnetic flux observed at 1 au and in the HSH. For V2 the PLS speed profile is significantly more consistent with magnetic flux conservation than the CG speeds. For Voyager 1 (V1), we present new V
R derivations from the Cosmic Ray Subsystem (CRS) using the CG method that agree reasonably well with those previously obtained from the low energy charged particle (LECP) instrument. If we use the V2 PLS speed profile to calculate the magnetic flux at V1, we again find much better agreement than if we use the V1 CG speeds. These results suggest that the radial speeds derived from particle anisotropy observations in the HSH are not reliable.
Constructing Mixture Models for Sensitivity Estimates from Subsets of Separate Injections
Authors: Essick Reed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
I investigate the general question of how to construct a set of samples (found injections) from a mixture of samples from separate subpopulations in order to estimate search sensitivity via Monte Carlo sums. This is of general interest for catalog science, in which one must estimate a survey’s sensitivity to different types of sources. Sensitivity estimates targeting different subpopulations or different observing periods may be combined to provide overarching estimates of the sensitivity through larger regions of parameter space. Specifically, I consider 2 cases: (i) when injections from subpopulations were conducted over the same span of time and (ii) when injections from subpopulations were conducted in non-overlapping periods. Any general collection of subpopulations can be decomposed into these cases.
Dieta mediática, hábitos de consumo de noticias y desinformación en los universitarios españoles
Authors: Soengas-Pérez Xosé , López-Cepeda Ana María , Sixto-García José 
Published: October 2021

Introducción. En el escenario mediático actual han cambiado las formas y las posibilidades de informarse, y en esta investigación analizamos el consumo de noticias en los medios, en Internet y en las redes por estudiantes de Ciencias Sociales, diferenciando los que cursan Periodismo. Metodología. Seleccionamos 100 estudiantes de tercero y cuarto curso de cinco universidades públicas ubicadas en ciudades con características socioeconómicas diferentes para comprobar si el entorno influye en el comportamiento y en el consumo de información, y si se refleja en las rutinas, en el interés y en las preferencias. Resultados y conclusiones. La prensa, la radio y la televisión siguen perdiendo audiencia y la mayoría de los alumnos ya se informan a través de soportes digitales porque están desconectados de los escenarios clásicos. Gracias a la tecnología, existe una nueva forma de relacionarse con el espacio y de gestionar el tiempo, y esta circunstancia afecta a las formas de acceso, a los contenidos informativos y a las posibilidades de conocer lo que sucede en la actualidad.