bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal association between yogurt consumption and the risk of overweight/obesity: the SUN cohort study (1018.7)
Authors: Martinez‐Gonzalez Miguel , Sayon‐Orea Carmen , Ruiz‐Canela Miguel , Gea Alfredo , De la Fuente Carmen , Bes‐Rastrollo Maira 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The association between yogurt consumption (YC) and the risk of overweight/obesity (over/obes) remains elusive. Therefore our objective was to examine longitudinally this association.Methods: Prospective cohort study (SUN Project) of 8,516 participants initially free of over/ob, with a mean age of 37.1‐y (SD: 10.8). Participants were followed up through mailed questionnaires every two years. YC at baseline was classified in 3 categories: low (0‐2 serv/wk), moderate (>2‐<7/wk) or high (蠅7/wk). Cox models were used to obtain adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for over/obes during follow‐up (median 6.6 y).Results: During follow‐up, 1860 incident cases of over/ob were identified. High YC was associated with a lower risk of becoming over/ob [adjusted HR=0.88 (95% CI: 0.78‐0.99)]. This inverse association was stronger in the subgroup of participants with better adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) [HR=0.75 (0.61‐0.91)]. We also observed stronger associations among participants with fruit consumption above the median (269 g/d), [HR=0.79 (0.66‐0.94)] (p for interaction= 0.055 and p=0.0006 for whole‐fat and low‐fat yogurt, respectively).Conclusions: In this Mediterranean cohort high yogurt consumption at baseline was associated with lower risk of over/obes during follow‐up. This inverse association was stronger if MeDiet adherence or fruit consumption were higher.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Danone Nutricia Research, Centre Daniel Carasso
Dairy intake in the Mexican population: 2012 National Nutrition and Health Survey Results (ENSANUT 2012) (1018.9)
Authors: Lopez Nancy , Aburto Tania , Pedraza Lilia , Sánchez Tania , Rivera Juan 
Published: June 2021

Objective. Assess milk, yoghurt and dairy intake in the Mexican population using data from the 2012 National Nutrition and Health Survey. Methods. The ENSANUT 2012’s home, individual and 24h recall questionnaires were used to obtain socioeconomic, anthropometric and dietary data. Dairy products were categorized into: whole milk, skimmed milk, yoghurt and other dairies. Descriptive analyseswere made by sex, age group, residence area and well‐being tertiles. X2 and T tests were used for proportions and mean comparisons. Results. The mean dairy energy intake in the population was of 167.5 kcal. Whole milk contributed with up to 21% of the energy intake in children <5y. Dairy consumers had significatively higher intake of energy, total fat, mono and saturated fat (SFA), sugar and calcium (Ca) than non‐consumers (p<0.05). More dairy consumers met IOM’s EAR for Ca and Vitamin D compared with non‐consumers; 35.8% vs 7.7% and 10.6% vs 2.6% (p<0.05) respectively. 59% of yoghurt consumers met IOM´s EAR for Ca compared with 24.5% of non‐consumers (p<0.05). In contrast, more non‐dairy consumers met sugar and SFA recommendations than consumers; 44.3% vs 37.6% and 67.1% vs 31.3% (p<0.05) respectively.Conclusion. Milk, yoghurt and dairies represent an important source of energy, Ca and vitamin D in the Mexican population. However, the intake of skimmed milk must be encouraged in order to reduce saturated fat consumption.Grant Funding Source: Sponsored/funded by Instituto Danone de Mexico
Lower buffet prices lead to less taste satisfaction (1019.16)
Authors: Just David , Sigirci Ozge , Wansink Brian 
Published: June 2021

Objective: In an all‐you‐can‐eat (AYCE) buffet, how does a diner’s taste evaluation change as they eat and based on how much they paid for the buffet? Methods: A field experiment was conducted in which diners at an AYCE restaurant were either charged $4 or $8 for an Italian lunch buffet. Their taste evaluation of each piece of pizza they had was taken along with other measures of behavior and self‐perceptions. The trend of their ratings was analyzed using 2x3 mixed design ANOVA.Results: Diners who paid $4 for their buffet rated their initial piece of pizza as less tasty, less satisfactory and less enjoyable and a downward trend was exhibited with each additional piece (p=0.02). Those who paid $8 did not experience the same decrement in taste, satisfaction and enjoyment.Conclusions: Paying less for an AYCE experience has a number of surprising problems. It not only leads a person to rate the food as less enjoyable but also every additional piece as even less enjoyable. A diner wanting a more enjoyable and perhaps healthier experience might want to realize that when they go to such a buffet, they get what they pay for.
Incorporating nutrition education through applied, hands‐on culinary elective in medical school training (1020.2)
Authors: Baker Kathryn , Olfert Melissa 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop four culinary/nutrition education focused courses offered to 20 medical students at WVU School of Medicine using a similar successful approach taken by Harvard Medical School’s “Healthy Kitchens, Healthy Lives” program. Despite the importance of nutrition in preventing obesity‐related diseases, most medical schools lack a nutritional component in their curriculum. A recent study showed that only 27% of 103 medical schools provided the minimum 25 hours of nutritional courses recommended by the National Academy of Sciences. Moreover, many medical students incorrectly answer questions regarding nutrition and frequently admit to personal poor dietary habits. Most patients trust their physicians as their primary source of health information, and physician’s advice is often correlated with patient’s lifestyle changes, showing that physicians are in the key position to change dietary habits in the population. This research will focus on the student reported self‐efficacy, user‐friendly patient approach and information and their personal use of applying this information. If successful, this course may serve as a model for integrating nutrition into medical school curriculum. With the importance diet has on health, physicians must be equipped to provide nutritional prescriptions, educating their patients on how to gain control over their health.Grant Funding Source: WVU Experimental Station Hatch Funding
Predictors of physical activity self‐efficacy change for rural‐residing older adults (1021.9)
Authors: Francis Sarah , VanHauen Ashleigh , Margrett Jennifer , Shelley Mack , Franke Warren 
Published: June 2021

Physical activity (PA) self‐efficacy (SE) helps promote PA in older adults (OA). Factors influencing PA self‐efficacy change were examined in 48 rural‐residing OA (M age=74.4 years) at Weeks 1 and 8 during an 8‐week exergaming program. Logistic regression assessed the effects of self‐reported health status and PA readiness‐to‐change on dichotomized SE scores at Week 1. Self‐reported health and PA readiness‐to‐change explained 45.4% of the variance in dichotomized SE scores at Week 1 [χ2(5)=19.2, p=.002] and correctly classified 76.1% of cases. A general linear model showed higher baseline self‐reported health status was associated with a decreased likelihood of having a lower initial dichotomized SE score. SE change was predicted significantly (p=.001) by self‐reported health status (ŋ2=.270) and by the interaction of self‐reported health status with PA readiness‐to‐change (ŋ2=.251). Better health was associated with a greater positive SE change. These preliminary findings suggest that PA programs for OA may be influenced by how participants’ self‐reported health and PA readiness‐to‐change affect SE change, thereby resulting in differential outcomes.Grant Funding Source: NIFA Rural Health and Safety Education Grant (# 2012‐46100‐20145)
Validity and reliability of food frequency questions to assess beverages, fruits and vegetables, and sweetened food intakes among 2‐ to 4‐y‐old WIC children (1022.6)
Authors: Koleilat Maria , Jiang Lu , Whaley Shannon 
Published: June 2021

Fruits, vegetables, sweetened foods and beverages have been found to have positive and negative associations with obesity in early childhood, yet no rapid assessment tools are available to measure intake of these foods among preschoolers. This study examines the test‐retest reliability and relative validity of a ten item Beverages and Food Intake Questionnaire (BFIQ) designed to assess fruit, vegetable, and sweetened foods and beverage intake among 2‐ to 4‐y‐old children. The BFIQ was developed for use in periodic phone surveys conducted with low‐income families with preschool‐aged children. Seventy six primary caregivers of 2‐ to 4‐year‐old children enrolled in WIC completed two BFIQs within a two‐week period for test‐retest reliability. Participants also completed three 24‐hour recalls to allow assessment of validity. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (SCC) were used to examine validity and intra‐class correlations (ICC) were used to examine test‐retest reliability. SCCs ranged from 0.15 to 0.59 for beverages with 0.46 for sugar‐sweetened beverages. SCCs for fruits, vegetables and sweetened food were 0.31, 0.34 and 0.3 respectively. ICCs between BFIQ administrations ranged from 0.48 for sweetened drinks to 0.87 for regular sodas. ICCs for fruits, vegetables and sweetened food were 0.56, 0.49, and 0.56 respectively. The BFIQ exhibited fair to substantial test‐retest reliability and moderate to strong validity in ranking fruits, vegetables, sweetened food and the majority of beverages consumed by children aged 2 to 4. Given the scarcity of an easily administered, valid and reliable questionnaire to assess nutritional intake among 2‐4 year‐old low‐income children, this tool may be useful for large‐scale studies of the relation between diet and obesity in young children.Grant Funding Source: Supported by First 5 LA
The association between nutritional status and mortality in critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (1024.11)
Authors: Bechard Lori , Duggan Christopher , Touger‐Decker Riva , Parrott J , Rothpletz‐Puglia Pamela , Byham‐Gray Laura , Heyland Daren , Mehta Nilesh 
Published: June 2021

Critically ill children requiring mechanical ventilation in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) are at high risk for mortality. Prior research regarding the impact of nutritional status on morbidity and mortality in PICU patients has been limited to single centers, small populations, or narrowly defined disease groups. We performed a multicenter, international cohort study to determine the unique contribution of nutritional status to mortality risk in mechanically ventilated children in PICUs. Nutritional status of subjects (age 1 month ‐18 years, N=1622) was 17.9% underweight (BMI Z score < ‐2), 54.2% normal weight (BMI Z score > ‐2 and <1), 14.5% overweight (BMI Z score > 1 and < 2), and 13.4% obese (BMI Z score > 2). The impact of nutritional status on mortality was evaluated using multilevel logistic regression. PICU size and location, admission type, and diagnosis were significantly associated with nutritional status category and used as covariates in the analysis. Compared to normal weight children, the odds ratio for mortality was significantly higher in underweight (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.23, 2.19; p=.001), overweight (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.12, 2.50; p=.01), and obese children (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.10, 2.69; p=.02). Underweight, overweight, and obesity are important risk factors for mortality in PICUs. Longitudinal investigations of nutritional status in critically ill children are warranted.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Jean Hankin Nutritional Epidemiology award from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietet
Association between soy intake, infant feeding type, and obesity risk in adolescents (1024.19)
Authors: Huey Lynnley , Bitok Edward , Siapco Gina , Sabaté Joan 
Published: June 2021

Association between soy intake, infant feeding type, and obesity risk in adolescents Lynnley Huey, Edward Bitok, Gina Segovia‐Siapco, Joan Sabaté; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California Soy consumption has been shown to be protective against chronic disease. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if regular soy consumption is associated with indicators of overweight/obesity‐ BMI z‐score (BMIZ), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), and waist circumference (WC)‐ in adolescents. In a cross‐sectional study, 549 adolescents (310 females, 239 males) ages 12‐18 years old recruited from 10 schools filled out a web‐based food frequency questionnaire to report usual soy intake. Anthropometric measurements were taken during school visits. Associations between soy intake and BMIZ, WHtR and WC were analyzed using ANOVA, ANCOVA, and linear regression while controlling for relevant confounders. Average soy intake was 1.7 ± 1.9 servings per day (s/d), broken down as: meat analog (0.9 ± 1.1 s/d), soy beverages (0.5 ± 1.0 s/d), and tofu products (0.3 ± 0.6 s/d). Asians had a significantly greater intake of soy relative to Caucasians (p= 0.02). A greater proportion of adolescents who were mixed‐fed (28.4%) or formula‐fed (27.3%) as infants had higher BMIZ compared to those who were breastfed (21.8%). Total soy intake and each of the soy food types were not significantly associated with BMIZ, WHtR, or WC. In this population, regular soy consumption has a neutral effect on the risk of obesity.Grant Funding Source: White Wave Foods
Incidence of lactose intolerance in type 2 diabetic patients (1025.1)
Authors: Rana Satya , Malik Aastha , Bhadada Sanjay , Morya Rajesh 
Published: June 2021

Diabetes mellitus is fast‐growing global problem with huge social &amp; health consequences. Diabetic patients generally complain about various gastrointestinal (GI) problems such as flatulence, diarrhea and/or constipation. Lactose intolerance may be one of the reasons of diarrhea and/or flatulence in these patients. Therefore, this study was planned to investigate the incidence of lactose intolerance in diabetic patients and apparently healthy controls. 84 type 2 diabetic patients with age 24‐75years &amp; 80 age and sex matched controls (age range 24‐74 years) were enrolled. Non‐invasive lactose breath test was done after overnight fast. For this, 25g lactose dissolved in 250 ml water was given orally after taking fasting breath H2 and CH4 concentrations. End expiratory breath was collected every 30 minutes up to 4 hrs. Concentration of H2 &amp;/or CH4 was measured by using SC Microlyser. Rise 蠅 20ppm over base line value in H2 and/or CH4 concentration in two consecutive readings was considered as lactose intolerance. Out of 84 diabetic patients, 40 (47.6%) were females and 44 (52.4%) males.While out of 80 healthy controls, 38 (45.2%) were females and 42 (52.5%) males. 56 out of 84 (66.7%) diabetic patients were lactose intolerant, while 28 out of 80 (35%) in controls. This study suggests that lactose intolerance was significantly higher (p<0.0001) in Type 2 diabetic patients as compared to healthy controls.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Indian Council of Medical Research,New Delhi,India
Consumption of whole grape powder reduces joint pain and influences serum biomarkers in individuals with self‐reported knee osteoarthritis (1025.10)
Authors: Tiernan Casey , Small Rebecca , Kwon Young‐Hoo , Paulson Rene , DiMarco Nancy , Imrhan Victorine , Prasad Chandan , Vijayagopal Parakat , Juma Shanil 
Published: June 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is clinically associated with joint pain and stiffness leading to loss of mobility. There is growing interest in use of natural as opposed to invasive therapies in joint pain management. Consumption of grapes, a rich source of polyphenols may reduce inflammation and influence OA outcomes. We have examined the effect of grape consumption on self‐reported pain, joint range‐of‐motion (ROM) and biochemical markers of inflammation (CRP) and cartilage metabolism (IGF‐1, YKL‐40). Using convenience sampling, 72 men and women with knee OA were recruited and assigned to one of two groups. The treatment group (n =28, 21 female) consumed 47 g of freeze‐dried grape powder (FDGP) daily for 4 months. The placebo group (n=28, 21 female) consumed a comparable placebo. For pain related to activity, the FDGP group had a significant decrease from baseline compared to placebo (‐5.3 vs. ‐2.1, p < .05). At midpoint, both groups had a significant reduction in total knee symptoms, evident in the FDGP group only at the end of study. Further, this effect was greater in females. There was no significant change in overall ROM for either group. FDGP intake led to gender specific changes in IGF‐1 compared to placebo group: male (19.9 vs. 2.0 ng/mL, p <.05) and female (3.2 vs. 8.9 ng/mL, p >.05). Whole grape consumption with its bioactive constituents can be a natural alternative to improving symptoms associated with OA.Grant Funding Source: Supported by California Table Grape Commission
Chronic date palm fruits supplementation therapy reduces oxidative stress in transgenic (Tg2576) mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (1025.18)
Authors: Essa Musthafa , Subash Selvaraju , Awlad‐Thani Kathiya , Al‐Adawi Samir , Al‐Asmi Abdullah , Samuoi Maha , Vaishnav Ragini , Al‐Senawi Hamad 
Published: June 2021

Oxidative modifications are a hallmark of oxidative imbalance in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer’s diseases (AD). While the causes of oxidative stress are relatively well‐documented, the effects of chronically reducing oxidative stress on pathology and biochemistry require further clarification. The present study was designed to investigate the dietary supplementation of 2% or 4% date palm fruits dates on oxidative stress in the hippocampus, and hippocampal neuron injury in APPSw2576 transgenic (Tg) mice. The Tg 2576 mice were fed with 2% dates or 4% dates by dietary supplementation for 15 months. After 15 months, the mice were sacrificed and the brain samples were collected. Redox markers such as 4‐hydroxynonenal, TBARS, hydrogen peroxide, reduced glutathione, vitamin A, E, C, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductas, glutathione‐S‐transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and Na+/K+ ATPase activity/levels in the hippocampus were analyzed. The expressions of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) positive neuron and hippocampal neuronal histology were also done. Significantly increased oxidative stress parameters with reduction in the level of antioxidants, ChAT positive neuronas and damaged hippocampal neurons in were found in AD Tg 2576. These abnormalities were significantly ameliorated by date palm fruits supplementation. In contrast, administration of date palm fruits rich diet to mice strongly suggested a putative delay in the formation of plaques, as indicated by a decreasing tendency of soluble and fibrillar Aβ levels in hippocampus which correlated with a decrease in Aβ (1‐40, 1‐42) plasma content. The more effect was found in the animal fed with 4% dates compared to 2% date. Our results suggest that date palm fruits growing in Oman might be able to offer protection against neuronal injury and oxidative stress in AD Tg mice, this may be due to its antioxidant potential. This project was supported by The Research Council, Oman (RC/AGR/FOOD/11/01)Grant Funding Source: This project was supported by The Research Council, Oman (RC/AGR/FOOD/11/01).
Regular consumption of pulses does not increase cerebrovascular vasodilator responsiveness (1025.3)
Authors: Hill Alison , Coates Alison , Howe Peter , Buckley Jonathon 
Published: June 2021

Previous studies have shown that pulse (or legume) consumption can improve lipid and glucose control, and there is emerging evidence that pulses may improve peripheral vascular function. It is unclear whether cerebral blood vessel function can also be improved. The aim of the present study was to determine whether regular consumption of pulses could improve cerebrovascular vasodilator responsiveness in older, overweight adults. Sixty‐eight adults (64.6 6.7 years, BMI 31.2 4.0 kg/m2) who were habitually low pulse consumers (i.e. 蠄 ½ cup of pulses per week) were randomized to incorporate pulse‐enriched foods (~100g/day [i.e. ¾ cup/day] pulses) or energy‐matched control foods into their usual diet for 12 weeks. Cerebral vasodilator responsiveness (CVR) was assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in response to acute hypercapnia (5%CO2 inhalation) at baseline, 6 and 12 Weeks. Five‐day weighed food records captured dietary data at baseline (prior to commencing) and Week 12. Pulse intake increased significantly in the Pulse vs Control group by Week 12 (115 33g vs. 3 8g, respectively P<0.001). CVR did not change by Week 12 in either group (Pulse: 0.89% 7.7, Control 3.6% 10.6, P>0.31). Regular pulse consumption does not appear to influence cerebrovascular vasodilator responsiveness. More sensitive methods may be required to detect changes in cerebrovascular health.Grant Funding Source: Grain Research Development Corporation
Demographic determinants of body mass index in healthy elderly men and women (1026.2)
Authors: Azemati Bahar , Rajaram Sujata , Kazzi Natalie , Bitok Edward , Sabate Joan 
Published: June 2021

Background: Aging and obesity impose a high burden on health care system. An understanding of the determinants of body mass index (BMI) can be helpful in targeted intervention and education in this population. Objective: We assessed the demographic determinants of BMI in healthy elderly men and women, using cross‐sectional data. Methods: A total of 240 healthy participants (63‐79 years) recruited for a clinical trial on cognition was selected for this study. We used the data collected at baseline from these subjects including body weight, height, BMI, age, gender, ethnicity, physical activity level (assessed by a physical activity questionnaire) and years of education. We used a multiple linear regression model to analyze the predictors of BMI. Results: There were 74 males and 166 females in our study of which 77.1% were Caucasians, 6.7% Asians, 5.4% Blacks and 4.6% Hispanics. 32.5% of participants were normal weight, 37.5% and 24.2% were overweight and obese (BMI >30 kg/m2), respectively. Preliminary analyses showed that those engaged in moderate physical activity had lower BMI than those that participated only in mild physical activity (β=‐2.97, P=0.002). Other demographic variables considered in the study were not associated with BMI. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings suggest that physical activity is an important predictor of BMI in this elderly population.Grant Funding Source: California walnut commission
Effect of chronic mushroom intake on functional fitness in older men and women (1027.9)
Authors: Williams Brian , Marsales Harry , Millen Amy , Burton Harold , Browne Richard , Horvath Peter 
Published: June 2021

Mushroom intake has been shown to be beneficial in weight management, immune function and quality of life. To determine the effect of chronic Portabella mushroom intake on functional fitness in older men and women, seventeen subjects men (5) and women (12); age 35 to 68 (avg = 51) years old, avg BMI of 30.1±7, consumed two Portabella mushroom caps/wk for 12 weeks. Functional fitness measures were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks and consisted of a nine minute submaximal treadmill test and functional fitness tests (30 second arm curl, 30 second sit to stand test, 8 ft. up and go test). Arm curl scores improved (P<0.001, combined) with women having a greater improvement (P<0.04). 8 ft. up and go times improved (P<0.001, combined) with men improving by 0.7 sec (P<0.02) and women by 0.6 sec (P<0.01). Sit to stand repetitions also improved (P<0.001, combined) 5.5 repetitions for men (P<0.001) and 3.6 repetitions for women (P<0.003). There was no significant change in heart rate or blood pressure at rest and during submaximal exercise. Chronic mushroom intake may positively affect muscle function and balance performance in older men and women.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Mushroom Council