bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of ammonia on graphene for gallium nitride growth by MOCVD
Authors: Liu Miao , Zhou Jizong , Lu Zhengqian , Wang Yuning , wang liang , Xu Yu , Cao Bing , Wang Jianfeng , Xu Ke 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Epitaxial growth of gallium nitride by transferring a two-dimensional material on a large lattice mismatch substrate can relieve the stress of the epitaxial layer, which is conducive to improving the performance of GaN-based devices. However, the damage of graphene during the epitaxial process limits the application of this method. In this work, GaN thin films were grown on bilayer graphene-coated AlN/sapphire substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The effects of carrier gas and ammonia (NH3) flow rate on graphene integrity during epitaxial growth were investigated. Retention of graphene was successfully achieved by three-step growth of GaN films, and a 2-inch GaN film with flat surface were successfully epitaxialized. The destruction of graphene by NH3 was also simulated by first-principles density functional theory calculations, it was found that NH3 preferred to damage graphene with defects. It provides a guidance for the fabrication of GaN films on graphene by non-pinhole epitaxy.
EDUKASI DAN PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DARI AIR CUCIAN BERAS
Authors: Gonsales Pedro , Widowati Widowati , Tri Wulan Cahya Utik 
Published: February 2025

Program pengabdian masyarakat yang dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Merjosari RW 06 bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan air cucian beras sebagai Pupuk Organik Cair (POC). Masalah yang dihadapi dalam industri rumah tangga lontong dari air cucian beras adalah minimnya pemanfaatan limbah ini, yang sering dianggap tidak berguna dan dibuang, sehingga berkontribusi pada peningkatan volume limbah yang tidak dikelola dengan baik dan mengancam lingkungan. Kegiatan ini mencakup sosialisasi dan pelatihan bagi ibu rumah tangga tentang cara membuat POC dari limbah tersebut. Metode yang diterapkan meliputi presentasi dan praktik langsung, yang berhasil menarik minat peserta untuk mengurangi penggunaan pupuk kimia. Hasilnya menunjukkan tingkat antusiasme masyarakat yang tinggi serta pemahaman mereka terhadap manfaat POC dalam pertanian organik. Tingkat pencapaian target kegiatan ini cukup baik, terlihat dari banyaknya peserta yang aktif berpartisipasi dan kesesuaian antara metode yang digunakan dengan tantangan yang ada. Dampak positif dari kegiatan ini tidak hanya meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang pengelolaan limbah tetapi juga meningkatkan kesadaran akan pentingnya untuk selalu menggunakan pupuk organik yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Rekomendasi untuk kegiatan selanjutnya adalah melanjutkan program ini dengan pendekatan terintegrasi serta kolaborasi antara pemerintah, masyarakat, dan perguruan tinggi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pelaksanaan serta keberlanjutan pengelolaan limbah organik di masyarakat.
Pengaruh Rasio Likuiditas terhadap Kelancaran Finansial dalam Menunjang Kinerja Usaha Pada PT. PLN (Persero ) UP3 Sorong Papua Barat
Authors: Musriani Musriani , Rachmadana Satria Lintang , Munzir Munzir 
Published: February 2025

Laporan keuangan merupakan gambaran kinerja suatu perusahaan. Manajemen diberikan fleksibilitas dalam memilih metode akuntansi yang digunakan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh rasio likuiditas terhadap kelancaran finansial PT. PLN (Persero) UP3 Sorong. Penelitian ini menggunakan subjek laporan keuangan berupa neraca dalam bentuk laporan keuangan PT. PLN UP3 Sorong periode 2017-2021. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif . data yang digunakan data sekunder, metode pengumpulan datan yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan, studi lapangan , wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa : 1. Hal menunjukkan variable current ratio berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kelancaran fianasial. 2. Hal menunjukan quick ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap kelancaran finansial. Hal ini menunjukkan jika likuiditas meningkat maka kinerja perusahaan akan meningkat pula begitu pun sebaliknya
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS MEREK MELALUI PEMBUATAN BRAND GUIDELINE BAGI USAHA MIKRO SEIMONGKO
Authors: Dewi Anggraeni Angga , Adjane Annisawati Asaretkha , Handayani Suarsa Senny , Fika Widyana Suci 
Published: February 2025

Proyek Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat mengenai "Pembuatan Brand Guideline untuk UMKM Seimongko" bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan Panduan Merek yang komprehensif, untuk meningkatkan konsistensi merek usaha UMKM 'Seimongko'. Hal ini diharapkan dapat mendorong identitas merek yang terpadu serta menanamkan kepercayaan dan daya tarik di antara konsumen. Seimongko adalah merek UMKM yang bergerak dalam bidang makanan beku (frozen food) seperti sei, dimsum, gyoza, dan lain-lain. Menyadari pentingnya mengembangkan praktik-praktik pemasaran yang efektif dalam usaha mikro, PKM ini memiliki tujuan utama untuk memberdayakan bisnis mikro Seimongko melalui pemberian alat, strategi, dan pengetahuan yang diperlukan guna meningkatkan kualitas merek mereka dan memperluas jangkauan pasar seimongko. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan dalam proyek ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif, yang mencakup wawancara, survei, analisis dokumen, dan observasi. Pendekatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan dampak strategi branding, desain pemasaran, dan e-commerce. Hasil dari proyek ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Panduan Merek (brand guideline) yang komprehensif dapat meningkatkan konsistensi dan daya tarik merek, sementara desain feeds instagram yang inovatif dan strategi e-commerce yang efektif dapat memperluas jangkauan pasar dan memperdalam keterlibatan pelanggan. PKM ini memberikan wawasan penting tentang bagaimana strategi pemasaran yang terpadu dapat memberikan dampak positif yang signifikan bagi UMKM seperti Seimongko.
Analisis Kepemilikan Saluran Pembuangan Air Limbah (SPAL) Pada Masyarakat di Desa Pusar Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Tanjung Agung Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Tahun 2022
Authors: Harokan Ali , Wahyudi Arie , Yansyah Eka Joni 
Published: February 2025

Saluran pembuangan air limbah merupakan sarana berupa tanah galian yang terbuat dari pipa dari semen yang berfungsi untuk membuang air cucian rumah tangga, air bekas m&i dan bekas lainnya. Tertujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor yang behubungan dengan kepemilikan saluran pembuangan air limbah (SPAL) pada masyarakat di Desa Pusar wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Tanjung Agung Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Tahun 2022. Rancangan penelitan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif desain penelitian cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala keluarga di Desa Pusar Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu sejumlah 90 responden diambil dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Jumlah Sampel penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 90 responden. Pengumpulan data dengan mengunakan kuesioner. Hasil analisis uji statistik menggunakan uji Chi-Square menunjukan ada hubungan bermakna (p < 0.05) untuk pendidikan (0,001), pengetahuan (0,008), sikap (0,003) dan status ekonomi (P Value 0,001). Dari hasil analisis multivariat diperoleh faktor yang dominan terhadap kepemilikan saluran pembuangan air limbah (SPAL) pada masyarakat di Desa Pusar wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tanjung Agung Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Tahun 2022 yaitu sikap (P Value 0,004) (OR 4,97). Diharapkan masyarakat mempunyai saluran pembuangan air limbah rumah tangga sesuai dengan karakteristik rumah sehat.
The Effect of Sheet Pile Used for Temporary Work Structure for Excavation Purposes
Authors: Melvin Kho Ying Fan , Ng Tee Ngi Daryn , Sim Dong Hao , Ng Yen Ying , Kok Zi Jie , Ho Cheng Jun , Jusoh Muhammad Noor Hisyam 
Published: February 2025

It is often challenging to construct temporary work structures for excavation work with temporary structures at coastal areas with soft soil properties and high-water tables. In this project, we simulated the behaviour of soil movements and stresses by finite element analysis method (using PLAXIS 2D) under different types of U- type steel sheet piles. The outcome result is then presented in the form of a table in this paper, for comparison and reference, which promotes better workmanship and quality in selecting the suitable sheet pile used for temporary work structures for excavation purposes at the coastal area. Deformed mesh, Horizontal Displacement, Horizontal Incremental Displacement, Safety Factor, Total Displacement, Total Incremental Displacement, Vertical Displacement as well as Vertical Incremental Displacement for both with groundwater and without groundwater conditions of each option are included in the result and analysis section. In conclusion, the analysis serves as an important guideline and reference before the commencement of work, which is important in the decision-making of future work, especially during excavation.
Navigating Online Peer Assessment in Land Surveying Education: Enablers and Constraints
Authors: Harinarain Nishani , Kramm Neil 
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an observational study fo­cused on online student peer assessment within the context of land surveying education. Conducted over the course of one semester, the study aimed to identify the enablers, con­straints, and impacts of peer assessment on learning out­comes among final-year land surveying students. Enablers included the promotion of critical thinking, collaboration, and self-reflection among students However, constraints such as time limitations and variability in peer feedback quality posed challenges to the effective implementation of peer assessment. From my perspective as an academic ob­server, online student peer assessment holds potential ben­efits for enhancing learning outcomes. When properly im­plemented, online peer assessment can serve as a valuable complement to traditional assessment methods, offering students a more holistic learning experience. However, al­locating time and energy towards peer assessment must be carefully balanced against its perceived benefits for stu­dents. The implementation of online student peer assess­ment significantly influenced the outcomes of this particu­lar module. Through online peer assessment activities, fi­nal-year students were encouraged to actively engage with course content, develop critical evaluation skills, and provide constructive feedback to their peers. This active involvement in the assessment process facilitated a deeper understanding of the module concepts and fostered a supportive learning community within the classroom. De­spite challenges, the potential benefits of online peer assessment for learning outcomes justify its integration into educational practices. By leveraging online peer assessment effectively, edu­cators can empower students to take ownership of their learning journey and cultivate essential skills for their future careers in the field.
The Quarter Factor Prediction of Mold Void Mechanism between Structure Ratio and Molding Gate
Authors: Chien Tzu Chieh , Lo Shih Kun , Li Zong Yuan , Hsu Min Yen , Kuo Yen Hua , Liu Hui Chung , Lai Lu Ming , Chen Kuang Hsiung 
Published: February 2025

The fluid kinematics of epoxy molding compound effect on the flow behavior of transfer molding, melting wave uniformity and the mold void risk in the molding gate and structure ratio were analyzed and the molding resistance was investigated by the simulation and experiment as well in this article. The numerical method in this study was capable of considering the effects location on the melting trap of the void, and also compared with the molding resistance. Due to the variation of molding gate in device design period, the substrate type of molding process validation involves flow ability and molding structure resistance, which caused incomplete filling and popcorn failure. Thus, the prediction of melting wave and mold void distributions is a prerequisite for the reliability analysis of IC packages. However, it was demonstrated that the molding gate cross-sectional area ratio between gate and first-row package array affected the melting wave contribution, and deviated void across the chip. In addition, the die thickness and components aspect ratio influenced the potential mold void distribution on edge and packages of the entire strip. The result also showed better melting wave contact between fluid welding effects when the aspect ratio about 10%.
Fabrication and Passive Assembly of Broadband Evanescent Couplers for Sustainable Pbps Co-Packaged Optics
Authors: Weninger Drew , Serna Samuel , Ranno Luigi , Kimerling Lionel , Agarwal Anuradha 
Published: February 2025

A passively assembled chip-to-package substrate evanescent coupler between silicon nitride and silicon was experimentally demonstrated across the 1480-1640 nm wavelength regime with a 0.39 ± 1.06 dB coupling loss at 1550 nm, a 160 nm 1-dB wavelength tolerance (1480-1640 nm), and a 1-dB lateral alignment tolerance of ± 1.56 𝜇𝜇m. The thermal stability was evaluated from 23-60°C with average coupling loss and alignment tolerance varying by less than ± 0.35 dB and ± 30 nm, respectively. The repeatability of the packaging process flow was also evaluated by measuring coupler performance across four separately packaged systems, with a total range of 1.5 dB for coupling loss observed. Results show the viability of this coupler to help achieve Pbps co-packaged optics switch performance by eliminating active fiber-to-chip alignment and scaling down optical input/output pitch at the die level.
Pitch Interconnection and Packaging Studies for Hybrid Electronics with Aerosol Jet Printed Particle-Free Ag Ink
Authors: Obeidat Abdullah S. , Richmond Dylan , Howard-Jennings Jordan , Umar Ashraf , Al-Haidari Riadh , Alhendi Mohammed , Garakani Behnam , Smilgies Detlef-M. , Poliks Mark D. 
Published: February 2025

Additive manufacturing of conductive interconnects has become essential in the electronic industry due to the requirements of having smaller electronic components with high performance and producing functional electronics that meet the applications demand. Thus, fabricating conductive lines and patches is key to reduce the challenges of mechanical and thermal reliability associated with advanced electronic technologies. In this work, high-resolution conductive interconnects were fabricated by aerosol jet printing (AJP) across different substrates using a novel particle-free silver ink. The conductivity of the metallic ink was assessed after post-processing at various curing conditions and methods. The printing process parameters of the particle-free ink were optimized to yield high-quality printed features and to investigate the printed film’s continuity on a non-flat surface, including printing from the top of a silicon die to a flexible substrate. The current carrying capacity of the printed particle-free silver ink on NEA 123 material was evaluated and compared against a commonly used nanoflake-based silver ink by performing a current sweep increasing the current by 5mA every 10 seconds until failure. In this research, conductive interconnects with sub-micron thickness have been obtained. Photonic curing using PulseForge system was found to improve the conductivity at energy density of 3.22 J/cm2 to four times the conductivity of a conventional convection oven curing. The enhancement in conductivity appears to be due to the changes in the film’s microstructure, forming metallic connections between the needle-shaped crystallized grains as revealed by X-ray microtomography. The particle-free ink can be used for irregular surfaces with smooth transitions between the electronic components. Furthermore, the current carrying capacity tests show the printed interconnect’s resistivity increased and then reduced during the test before failure; the failure of the particle-free ink occurred at 2.022 x 105 ± 0.2 A/cm2 compared to 0.99 x 105 ± 0.18 A/cm2 for the nanoflake-based silver ink which makes the particle-free ink an attractive material for high-power electronics applications. Our findings assist the application of flexible hybrid electronics and electronic packaging by providing significant guidelines for electronics manufacturers.
Minor salivary gland tumours: Malignant or benign? A 10-year local retrospective review
Authors: Grobbelaar Johan , Wright Kathryne E. , Thomas Ann , Adam Shaun E. 
Published: February 2025

Background: This study reports on our local incidence of minor salivary gland tumours (MSGT).Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study including all patients with MSGT treated at Tygerberg Hospital from 2015 to 2024.Results: Benign and malignant tumours’ incidence was almost equal at 46.46% and 53.54%, respectively (N = 99). Pleomorphic adenomas were the most common tumour overall (38.38%) and the most common benign tumour. Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) was the most common malignant tumour (15.15%). The palate was the most common site. Primary sites other than lips and palate had a 93.23% malignant incidence. Benign tumours occurred statistically significantly in younger patients than malignant tumours (p 0.001) (42.74 years versus 56.02 years).Conclusion: We did not see the high malignant incidence that is frequently reported in otorhinolaryngology textbooks. Pleomorphic adenomas remain the most common and occur most commonly in the palate. We did show an unusually high incidence of PLGA. Primary sites other than palate and lips should raise the suspicion of malignant MSGT.Contribution: The study highlights the importance of reporting on local data because disease patterns may vary greatly based on genetic and geographical differences. Further investigation is needed to explain possible local factors contributing to the high incidence of PLGA.
Therapeutic efficacy of topical glycerol in atrophic rhinitis: A case series analysis
Authors: Deschuytere Lien , Frank Shavina , Lubbe Darlene 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Managing atrophic rhinitis (AR) poses ongoing challenges, with no clear consensus on the optimal treatment approach. Recent exploration into the utilisation of biomaterials in rhinology presents a promising avenue for research. Among these biomaterials, glycerol stands out for its multifaceted benefits in postoperative sinonasal care. Its properties include improved lubrication, preservation of mucosal moisture and facilitation of platelet adhesion and aggregation, thus promoting efficient wound healing processes. The purpose of this case series was to assess the impact of glycerol applied topically to the nasal mucosal in individuals diagnosed with secondary AR.Patients’ presentation: We identified three patients with secondary AR.Management and outcome: Topical glycerol was administered daily, with twice daily saline irrigations. Follow-up for these patients was conducted in our outpatient department. Subjective and objective endoscopic measurements of nasal features improved markedly at 6 weeks follow-up.Conclusion: The application of topical glycerol has demonstrated both subjective and objective efficacy in alleviating sinonasal symptoms associated with AR. It effectively prevents excessive mucosal loss, reduces crusting and enhances ventilation in affected patients.Contribution: Managing AR has historically presented challenges. However, the introduction of topical glycerol application offers a novel, cost-effective and widely accessible option for addressing mucosal changes in the sinonasal region.
Treatment of Hoarding Disorder in a Patient with Heart Failure: A Case Report
Authors: Tully Phillip J. , Cosh Suzanne M. , Wootton Bethany M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hoarding disorder (HD) is characterized by an accumulation of possessions owing to acquisition behaviors or absence of discarding, resulting in clutter severe enough to cause emotional distress, impair functioning, and preclude the use of living spaces for their intended purposes. HD is associated with significant psychiatric and physical health comorbidities. Evidence demonstrates an increased cardiovascular response, high prevalence of heart disease, and sudden cardiac death in patients with HD and yet treatment outcomes for patients with comorbid cardiovascular diseases remain unreported. A psychology referral was made for a patient with heart failure (HF) who underwent a structured clinical interview within their domicile and met criteria for adolescent-onset HD (27-year history). Treatment outcomes for this case are described, as well as the cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) modifications required for the patient, living in squalor and facing eviction. Results demonstrated modest improvements in HD symptoms from pretreatment to posttreatment. To ensure HF patients are involved in sorting/discarding tasks during CBT, modifications are necessary to compensate for high fatigability and dizziness to reduce the risk for serious adverse events including syncope and falls.
Effect of different volumes of bupivacaine 0.25% caudal blocks on cardiac index measured by electrical cardiometry in children undergoing elective lower abdominal surgeries: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sarhan Khaled , Gebreel Maha , Raouf Ashgan , Reda Islam , Ameen Mohammed , Walaa Rana , Seif Nazmy 
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims:
Studies assessing caudal block’s effects on children’s cardiac output are scarce. We aimed to estimate the effects of the caudal block using different volumes of plain bupivacaine 0.25% on the cardiac index assessed by electrical cardiometry.

Methods:
Children aged 1–8 years undergoing minor lower abdominal surgeries were randomly assigned to one of three equal groups: The 0.8 group received general anaesthesia (GA) along with caudal block with 0.8 mL/kg of bupivacaine 0.25%, the 1.2 group received GA along with caudal block with 1.2 mL/kg of bupivacaine 0.25%, and the control group received GA only. The primary outcome was the percentage of change in the cardiac index from the baseline 10 minutes after the caudal block. Continuous variables were analysed using the ANOVA test, while categorical data was analysed using a chi-squared test with the significance level set at P < 0.05.

Results:
The mean percentage of change of cardiac index from baseline 10 minutes after caudal block was significantly lower in the 0.8 and 1.2 groups (−11.4 (standard deviation (SD): 12.5%) and −17.1 (SD: 15.5%), respectively) compared to the control group (−0.7 (SD: 11.5%), (P = 0.007 and P = 0.0001). Mean differences were −11 (0.8 vs control, 95% confidence interval (CI): −18.7, −3.3%, and −15.2 (1.2 vs control, 95% CI: −23, −7.5%).

Conclusion:
The cardiac index progressively decreased with the increase in the volume of the caudal block with plain bupivacaine at 0.25% compared to the baseline. However, this decrease was not clinically significant, suggesting that the cardiac index remained within an acceptable range after the caudal block. Nevertheless, caution is warranted due to the increased incidence of hypotension with increasing volumes of plain local anaesthetics in the caudal block.