bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological, Social and Financial Impacts of COVID-19 on Clinical Practices and Academic Activities of Pakistani Ophthalmologists
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Saeed , Latif Kanwal 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To assess the psychological, social and financial impacts of Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) on clinical practices and academic activities of ophthalmologists throughout Pakistan.
Study Design: Cross sectional survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Ophthalmology Department, Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Karachi.
Methods: A self-designed survey was conducted among eye care practitioners working in various regions of Pakistan by using the online survey application named www.surveymonkey.com. The survey consisted of a 10-item questionnaire conceptualized to assess the mental health of ophthalmologists and their social and financial concerns during current COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection included the demographics details, questions assessing the psychological, financial and social influences of COVID-19 and strategies to combat the current situation.
Results: Total of 360 valid responses were received. The individual response data was descriptively presented in frequencies and percentages without statistical analysis. Despite online facilities, 57.50% accepted that COVID has brought strain on academic activities. Eighty-eight percent ophthalmologists described decrease patient’s volume and surgeries as the main reasons of reduced income. Majority (72.50%) had closed the services due to fear of getting infected. To the solutions for reducing the viral spread, 60% favored to deal only with emergencies and vision-threatening diseases, 27.50% supported the continuity of all ophthalmic services and only 5% opted to ban the clinical work.
Conclusion: Majority of the ophthalmologists were psychologically and financially stressed during COVID-19 and had fearful concerns regarding their clinical practices and academic activities.
Key Words: COVID-19, Pakistan, Ophthalmologists, Clinical Practice.
Effect of Trabeculectomy on Corneal Astigmatism: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Hashmi Syed Daniyal Ali , Sughra Ume , Kausar Sultana 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To find out the effect of trabeculectomy on corneal astigmatism among glaucoma patients.
Study Design: Interventional case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Al-Shifa Trust hospital, from August 2015 to February 2016.
Methods: Thirty patients of glaucoma who were advised trabeculectomy were included in the study. Pre and post trabeculectomy data was collected by a structured clinical proforma. Snellen chart was used to measure visual acuity. Autorefracto-keratometer was used to find K-readings, corneal astigmatism and its axis. Data was entered in SPSS version 22. Descriptive analysis was done to report frequencies, percentages for qualitative variables and mean and SD for continuous variables. Paired sample t test was applied after the preliminary analysis to compare the corneal astigmatism pre and post trabeculectomy.
Results: Out of 30 patients, majority (76%) were males. There was no statistically significant change found in visual acuity pre and post trabeculectomy (p-value > 0.05). There was statistically significant difference of K1 (Horizontal) and K2 (Vertical) readings pre and post trabeculectomy (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant increase in overall corneal astigmatic power (p < 0.05). Approximately 1.20D of astigmatism developed after trabeculectomy. There was no statistically significant difference between pre (94.0 ± 49.6) and post-operative corneal axis of astigmatism (87.6 ± 64.1).
Conclusion: Trabeculectomy results in a significant change of corneal curvature in both meridians. This causes a change in post-operative visual acuity which in turn may adversely affect the compliance of patient towards surgical treatment. Patient should be informed and counselled about the possible visual outcomes after the trabeculectomy to preclude any distress that may occur following surgery.
Key Words: Glaucoma, Trabeculectomy, Corneal Astigmatism, Visual acuity, Keratometry.
Short-Term Steroid-Induced Central Serous Chorio-Retinopathy in a Patient with Laser Foveal Burn
Authors: Memon Nasir Ahmed , Memon Abdul Sami , Ahmed Bhutto Israr , Mahar Pir Salim 
Published: April 2021

Oral intake of steroids has been associated with central serous chorio-retinopathy (CSCR) for long time. We report a 23 years old male who had exposure to green laser pointer after which he developed laser maculopathy. The treating ophthalmologist started oral steroids with patient developing CSCR in his left eye. He was referred to our retina clinic for further evaluation. On examination his vision was 6/6 Part in his right eye and 6/9 Part in his left eye. His dilated fundus examination revealed small foveal scar in his right eye and dull foveal reflex in his left eye. On OCT he had laser maculopathy in right eye and left fundus findings coincided with diagnosis of central serous chorio-retinopathy (CSCR). Patient was asked to discontinue his deltacortil tablets. The patient went back to his primary ophthalmologist who restarted deltacortil tablets. CSCR developed again.
Key Words: Maculopathy, burn, Steroids, Central Serous Chorio-retinopathy.
Centrality of Hirschberg Reflex in Young Emmetropic Population of Pakistan
Authors: Kamil Zeeshan , Qurban Qirat , Mahmood Khalid 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To find out the Centrality of Hirschberg reflex in young emmetropic females and to correlate it with asthenopia.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Outpatients department of Khalid Eye Hospital, Karachi, from January to December 2019.
Methods: Six hundred young emmetropic females 10 to 25 years of age were included. We performed the Hirschberg test and Jackson cross cylinder to assess the astigmatism and observed near point of convergence to find out convergence insufficiency.
Results: Out of 600 young emmetropic females only one hundred and ninety had a central Hirschberg corneal reflex along with an astigmatism of 0.25 to 0.50 which was observed in one hundred and sixty five patients. One hundred and twenty five had a receded near point of convergence.
Conclusion: Acentrality of Hirschberg can be a cause of asthenopia among young emmetropic females.
Key Words: Asthenopia, Astigmatism, Emmetropia, Hirschberg corneal reflex.
Choroidal Osteoma in a Young Female – a Case Report
Authors: Nisa Mehr Un , Iqbal Usama , Malik Irfan Qayyum , Kanwal Hira 
Published: April 2021

We present a case of23 year old female, who presented with history of decreased central vision in the right eye for 3 months. Best corrected visual acuity was 6/36 OD and 6/9 OS. Anterior segment was normal OU. Fundus examination revealed a yellowish white peripapillary lesion extending up to the macula in the right eye. A similar lesion was seen in the left eye. OCT macula showed central macular thickness of 193 – 323 µm with cystoid spaces and 290 – 436 µm with serous retinal detachment in the right and left eye respectively. CT scan showed a hyper dense opacity similar to the bony tissue OU. All lab investigations were normal. The patient was diagnosed as a case of bilateral choroidal osteoma. After 6 months no progression or complication was noted.
Key Words: Choroid, Osteoma, Choroidal Neoplasm.
Anatomical and Functional Outcome of Rectangular Three Snip Punctoplasty in Primary Acquired Punctal Stenosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi
Authors: Qidwai Nazia , Ashraf Muhammad , Inam Mujahid , Jafri Adil Salim , Majid Saima 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To find out the anatomical and functional outcomes of rectangular three-snip punctoplasty in primary acquired punctal stenosis.
Study Design: Quasi Experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Isra Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Karachi, from July to December 2020.
Methods: Patients of age 50 years and above, from either gender with primary acquired punctal stenosis of any grade (0-5) presenting with epiphora were recruited from Oculoplasty Outpatient department. Punctal stenosis with secondary causes like lesion on or around punctum or lacrimal drainage system and history of surgery or radiotherapy, lower canalicular or common canalicular stenosis were excluded from the study. Punctal stenosis was graded by Kashkouli scale and epiphora by the Munk score. After local anesthesia, two vertical cuts were given in the posterior wall of the punctum and a third cut was given horizontally to connect the vertical cuts. This resulted in a posterior ampullectomy. Syringing and probing was done to assess patency of the lower lacrimal drainage system. The patients were followed up for 6 months to assess for anatomical and functional success.
Results: At the end of six month anatomical success was achieved in 85% cases and functional success in 70% patients. Fifteen percent patients suffered re-stenosis of punctum.
Conclusion: Rectangular punctoplasty is a functionally successful procedure for treating primary acquired punctal stenosis. The anatomy is least distorted and long-term recurrence rate is also low.
Key Words: Epiphora, Primary acquired punctual stenosis, Punctoplasty, Munk score.
Early Post-Operative Effect of Phacoemulsification on Anterior Chamber Depth and Intraocular Pressure in Patients with Cataract
Authors: Tayyab Mashal , Abid Awaid 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To determine the Anterior Chamber depth and Intraocular pressure change following uncomplicated phacoemulsification.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Layyton Rehmatullah Benevolent Trust Free Eye and Cancer Hospital, Lahore from 16/12/2017 to 15/06/2018.
Methods: One hundred and thirty nine patients who came to Layyton Rehmatullah Benevolent Trust Free Eye for phacoemulsification and IOL implantation were included in the study. Anterior Chamber depth was measured with IOL Master and intraocular pressure was determined using Goldmann Applanation Tonometer one day before and one month after surgery. Data was recorded on a self-designed proforma. Comparison between pre- and post-operative data with respect to change was analyzed by chi-square test. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean intra-ocular pressure dropped from 14.36 ± 4.19 mmHg to 12.14 ± 4.26 mmHg 1 month after surgery with a mean drop of 2.21 ± 0.65 mmHg while the mean anterior chamber depth increased from 2.31 ± 0.08 mm to 3.59 ± 0.37 mm with a mean increase of 1.29 ± 0.36 mm. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean change of intra-ocular pressure and anterior chamber depth across various subgroups based on patient’s age, gender and duration of cataract.
Conclusion: Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation not only improves the visual acuity by removing the cataract but also deepens the anterior chamber and decreases intra-ocular pressure, which can have a beneficial effect in glaucoma patients.
Key Words: Phacoemulsification, Cataract, Intraocular pressure, Lens, Anterior chamber depth.
Colour Blindness amongst the Young Age Group in a Tertiary Care Eye Hospital for pre-employment health screening
Authors: Khan Summaya , Rafique Aisha , Khizer Muhammad Azeem 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To determine the frequency of color vision deficiency among young age groups visiting a tertiary care eye hospital for pre-employment health screening.
Study Design: Descriptive, cross sectional study.
Place and Duration: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from June 2018 to December 2019.
Methods: Data was collected using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. All candidates who appeared for medical fitness for pre-employment screening were included. Candidates belonged to various regions of Pakistan. Informed consent was taken. Complete history and ophthalmic examination including visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, anterior segment examination and dilated posterior segment examination was performed. Intra ocular pressure was measured by Goldmann Applanation Tonometer. Colour vision was checked before pupillary dilation using Ishihara test plates. Candidates were clearly instructed about test plates. Candidates with ocular abnormality were referred to the specialized units. The data analysis was done by IBM SPSS 20 software.
Results: One thousand and five hundred (1500) candidates were screened. Out of these, 88.3% (1325) were males and 11.6% (175) were females. Mean age of the candidates was 20.35 ± 4.46 years. Approximately five percent (4.8%, n = 73/1500) candidates had color vision deficiency. Out of these, 94.52% (69) candidates were unaware of their condition.
Conclusions: Color blindness in this study was 4.86%. Majority of the color blind persons were males and most of them were unaware of their condition.
Key Words: Colour blindness, Ishihara plates, X-linked, Red green deficiency.
Outcome of Intraoperative Mitomycin C Injection in Trabeculectomy and Phacotrabeculectomy in Patients with Glaucoma
Authors: Farooq Saadia , Farooq Hajra , Faisal Momina 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of per-operative mitomycin C injection during trabeculectomy and combined phaco-trabeculectomy in different types of glaucoma.
Study Design: Interventional case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Shifa International, between January 2018 to July 2020.
Methods: Thirty one patients requiring trabeculectomy or Phaco-trabeculectomy with mitomycin C because of maximum tolerable anti-glaucoma treatment or poor compliance were included in the study. Out of these 15 in group A underwent simple trabeculectomy with intra-operative mitomycin C and 16 patients in group B underwent phacotrabeculectomy with intra-operative mitomycin C and IOL implantation. All patients underwent an eye examination (including IOP and visual acuity) before surgery and then afterwards at 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 6 months and 1 year. Main outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity, intra-ocular pressure and number of medications at base line and post-operatively.
Results: Demographic results of the two groups were similar. Mean follow-up period was 1 year, mean IOP was 11 in group Aand 15.5 in group B in last follow-up.Mean IOP reduction at 1 year was significant in both group A and B (p = 0.001, p = 0.022 respectively). Hypotony, post-operative inflammatory membrane and bleb fibrosis were the main complications in group A and group B.
Conclusion: Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C and phaco-trabeculectomy with mitomycin C are equally successful at lowering IOP in common types of glaucoma permitting significant and safe reduction of anti-glaucoma medications for atleast 1 year after surgery.
Key Words: Mitomycin, Glaucoma, Intra ocular pressure.
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Authors: Nadeem Sana 
Published: April 2021

A 76-year-old, hypertensive lady, presented with a three year history of gradual decrease in vision in her right eye. Examination revealed a large, bullous, serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED) of right fovea, a choroidal neovascular membrane, clusters of hard exudates, drusen and surrounding, multifocal, small PEDs. The left eye showed a series of small PEDs mostly on the inferior macula, pigmentary disturbance of the retinal pigment epithelium and scant hard exudates. A diagnosis of Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy was made. We decided to treat her with intravitreal Bevacizumab injections in her right eye. At 18 months of follow up, her PEDs had resolved and visual acuity had improved from 6/60 OD to 6/36.
Key Words: Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy, Age Related Macular Degeneration, Pigment Epithelial Detachment, Choroidal Neovascular Membrane.
Competências do enfermeiro no matriciamento em saúde mental: revisão integrativa
Authors: Alves Cassia Thalisson Dheison , ívila Dias Gustavo , Batista Conceição dos Santos Daniel , Patrizia Alves Cássia Saadia , Santana Prata Michelle , Da Conceição Costa Cardoso Luana 
Published: April 2021

Introdução: A saúde mental é cercada de desafios, sendo o enfermeiro responsável por conduzir medidas de efetivação do suporte matricial centrado no usuário. Objetivos: O estudo teve o objetivo de identificar, nas produções cientí­ficas, as competências do enfermeiro relacionadas í promoção da saúde no contexto do matriciamento em saúde mental, conforme o Consenso de Galway. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que buscou artigos publicados nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF e SCIELO, entre os anos de 2015 a 2019. Os artigos foram analisados conforme os oito domí­nios de competências: Catalisar mudanças, Liderança, Diagnóstico, Planejamento, Implementação, Avaliação, Defesa e Parcerias. Resultado: Constatou-se que todos os domí­nios foram contemplados no estudo, sendo os domí­nios: Catalisar mudanças, Implementação e Avaliação os mais recorrentes. Conclusão: Dessa forma, o enfermeiro possui capacidade técnica para desenvolver articulação de ações educativas junto aos profissionais, usuários e famí­lia, ou seja, consolidar avanços oriundos da Reforma Psiquiátrica.
Avaliação da adequação do consumo de cobre e zinco de pacientes queimados
Authors: Brito de Souza Antonio Lucas 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a probabilidade de adequação do consumo alimentar de cobre e zinco de pacientes queimados hospitalizados na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará. Método: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, descritivo, quantitativo, realizado entre abril e maio de 2017. Foi aplicado recordatório alimentar de 24 horas em três dias não consecutivos. O consumo declarado foi convertido em valores de nutrientes e avaliado quanto í probabilidade de adequação. Certificado de Apresentação de Apreciação Ética nº 60526116.9.0000.5047. Resultado: Participaram 21 pacientes hospitalizados em um centro de tratamento de queimados, sendo 61,9% do sexo masculino e 38,1% do sexo feminino, com faixa etária de 19 a 48 anos. Identificou-se maior distribuição da amostra na faixa superior a 85% de probabilidade de adequação do consumo observado, estando nesse ní­vel ou acima 85,71% da população total no consumo adequado de cobre e 90,47% da população total para o consumo adequado de zinco. Conclusão: Foi possí­vel identificar alta prevalência de probabilidade de adequação do consumo de cobre e zinco.
Misturas, artesanias e autonomia: Ensino e aprendizagem em ciências da natureza em um espaço não formal
Authors: Silva Daniela Alves da , Robaina José Vicente Lima , Ferreira Aline Guterres , Souza Greice de 
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no Centro de Referência de Assistência Social - CRAS localizado no município de Eldorado do Sul/RS. A pesquisa buscou investigar aspectos relevantes no ensino e aprendizagem em Ciências da Natureza (Química, Física e Biologia) e saberes da experiência das participantes através da aplicação de uma abordagem temática inspirada em Paulo Freire (1987) em um espaço não formal de ensino. Utilizou-se como instrumento de pesquisa a observação - participante e questionário. A experiência desenvolvida oportunizou a presente reflexão, autocrítica e futuros desafios, tal como pensar como os espaços não formais, como a própria escola pode contribuir como ferramenta de construção de novos paradigmas onde o educando seja o principal motivador-construtor de seus conhecimentos acerca da Ciências da Natureza.
“Moses c’est le maître à nous tous”:
Authors: Marini Giorgio 
Published: April 2021

The paper focuses on the artistic work of Moses Levy (Tunis, 1885 - Viareggio, 1968), painter and printmaker active in Italy, Tunisia and Paris. A peculiar figure of cosmopolitan painter, whose father was British and the mother Italian, and whose art eludes attempts at univocal classification. On the contrary, it remains emblematic of the fruitfulness made possible by the encounter between different artistic traditions, as well as the reciprocal enrichment offered by the plurality of cultures.
Deeply linked by birth to the Jewish community in Tunis, he moved to Italy at a very young age, where he came into contact with the major exponents of the Tuscan school of painting around the turn of the century, starting with Giovanni Fattori. Constantly commuting between the two shores of the Mediterranean, he became an example of dialogue between different worlds, between his African roots, his Tuscan upbringing, his French-speaking culture and his stays in Paris, where he met Chagall and Picasso and could not fail to find a natural identification with Matisse’s pure rhythms and solar charge. A regular exhibitor at the Salons Tunisiens, in 1936 he was a co-founder of the Le Quatre group and later one of the promoters of the École de Tunis. Thus, the local artists saw in Levy the master who had been able to promote the birth of a modern art that was representative of Tunisian culture and people, but free from any easy Orientalist stereotype or folkloric flavour.
RESEARCH OF THE UKRAINIAN COSSACKS IN THE SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE BY D. YA. TELEHIN (according to documents stored in the Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archeology, NAS of Ukraine)
Authors: Stanytsina G. O. 
Published: April 2021

The Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine keeps the personal holding of the prominent Ukrainian archaeologist Dmytro Telehin (1919—2011), Doctor of historical sciences, Professor, who studied archeological sites from the Paleolithic to the Middle Ages. The entire home archive of the scholar whose materials are arranged according to the archeological periods was brought to the Scientific Archive. Within the thematic complex the documents are arranged by dates and content.
This publication is devoted to those documents of the personal fund D. Ya. Telehin, which relate to the study of archaeological sites and history of the Ukrainian Cossacks. TThe collection contains: field diary, copies of scientific reports on archeological excavations, drawings and plans of the area and excavations, photographs and drawings of finds and other documents. Archival materials related to the study of the Sich territories where the Cossacks lived and their necropolises are located, were dated from 1990 to 1994. Dmytro Telehin inspected and researched the following Cossack Sichs: Tomakivska (1564—1593) near the town of Marhanets; Bazavlutska (1593—1630) near the village of Leninske; Mykytynska (1638—1652) in Nikopol; Chortomlytska or as it was also called Kapulivska, or «old» (1652—1709) near the village of Kapulivka; Pokrovska, which was called «new» (1734—1775), near the village of Pokrovsk in the Kherson region.
The personal stock of D. Ya. Telehin contains the documents that reflect the visit of the scholar to island of Khortytsia, the research of the Oleshkivska Sich (1711—1728), as well as the camp of Severyn Nalyvaiko on Turkachivsky hill near the village of Solonitsa (in 1596), Poltava region. Of considerable interest are the documents about the journey of D.Ya. Telegin to the island of Solovky, Arkhangelsk region where Petro Kalnyshevsky, the last Hetman of the New Sich, has been exiled.
The scholar’s collection also contains his lifetime publications on the topic of the Cossacks, the layout of the book «Cossack times. Sich Zaporiz`ka» and other documents concerning Ukrainian Cossacks, their places of residence and burial.