bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Civics education in Malaysia: a clash between ethics, religion and cultural norms
Authors: Balakrishnan Vishalache 
Published: May 2021

PurposeTo showcase the importance of digital citizenship in the current era. This article compares the nine features of digital citizen provided by Ribble and Bailey (2007) with a case study conducted in a multicultural setting and identifies the tensions between ethics, religion and cultural norms in that environment.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach has been used in this research. Why case study? Because it is unique and provides in-depth, unique and invaluable findings. Case studies researchers have contributed to the development of case study research from diverse disciplines. Historical examples of case studies go back as far as the nineteenth century with the biography of Charles Darwin (Stewart, 2014). The dominance of positivism in science in the late 1940 and 1950s in social science sidelined qualitative approaches such as case studies. Although case study research was often criticized for its inability to support generalizations, and thus, provided limited validity and value as a research design (Merriam, 2009; Stewart, 2014), case study research provides intensive analysis of an issue. A Case study is intrinsic, instrumental and collective (Stake, 1995, 2006). Case study research encourages the detailed enquiry of a unit of analysis within its context.FindingsFindings show that current society needs to be educated on the nine aspects of digital citizenship. In the current era, changes are so rapid that every now and then, there must be collaboration and cooperation between different agencies to ensure that the tension between religiosity, cultural norms and ethics would be able to find some common ground. With more knowledge and wisdom on human rights, sustainability education and project-based learning in Civics Education, teachers, students, parents and community should often meet to decide on controversial issues and find ways to ensure that each one in society has the knowledge, skills and values for digital citizenship to grow and flourish.Originality/valueThe article is original in nature and has much social impact.
The impact of the international crisis on the entrepreneurial intentions of refugees
Authors: Welsh Dianne H.B. , Othman Dalia , Alserhan Baker , Zeqiri Jusuf , Al-Madadha Amro , Ramadani Veland 
Published: May 2021

PurposeWe investigate the entrepreneurial intentions of a population under crisis — namely, recent Syrian refugees in Jordan — and Jordanian citizens to start small businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachUsing a structured two-part survey, data were collected through online self-reported questionnaires in which respondents subjectively reported self-perceptions. The first part dealt with respondents’ characteristics and the second with their entrepreneurial intentions. The survey took place in Jordan, sampling Jordanian citizens and Syrian refugees. A nonprobability sampling technique was used to collect the data.FindingsThe results show that net desirability for self-employment, tolerance for risk and self-efficacy are related to entrepreneurial intentions. We find significant differences between the Syrian refugees and the Jordanian citizens in terms of risk-taking and self-efficacy as determinants of engagement in entrepreneurial activities.Originality/valueThis study offers guidance to institutions working with refugees during times of crisis. Implications are discussed.
DLC coated spur gears – Part II: coating properties and potential for industrial use
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Brögelmann Tobias , Kalscheuer Christian , Thiex Matthias , Schwarz Andreas , Ebner Martin , Lohner Thomas , Stahl Karsten 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to address the coating and compound analysis of diamond-like carbon (DLC) on steel, to understand the frictional behavior in tribological gear systems presented in paper Part I. Here, the Ti and Zr modified DLC coating architectures are analyzed regarding their chemical, mechanical and thermophysical properties. The results represent a systematic analysis of the thermal insulating effect in tribological contact of DLC coated gears.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach was to evaluate the effect of the substitution of Zr through Ti at the reference coating ZrCg to TiCg and the effect on thermophysical properties. Furthermore, the influence of different carbon and hydrogen contents on the coating and compound properties was analyzed. Therefore, different discrete Ti or Zr containing DLC coatings were deposited on an industrial coating machine. Thereby the understanding of the microstructure and chemical composition of the reference coatings is increased.

Findings
Results prove comparable mechanical properties of metal modified DLC independent of differences in chemical compositions. Moreover, the compound adhesion between TiCg/16MnCr5E was improved compared to ZrCg/16MnCr5E. The effect of hydrogen content Ψ and carbon content xc on the thermophysical properties is limited by Ψ = 18 at.% and xc = 90 at.%.

Practical implications
The findings of the combined papers Part I and II show a high potential for industrial application of DLC on gears. Based on the results DLC coatings and gears can be tailored to each other.

Originality/value
Systematic analysis of DLC coatings were conducted to evaluate the effect of titanium, carbon and hydrogen on thermophysical properties.
The impact of locus of control and motivations in predicting entrepreneurial intentions among farmers: a field research
Authors: Pliakoura Alexandra Panagiotis , Beligiannis Grigorios N. , Chatzitheodoridis Fotios , Kontogeorgos Achilleas 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain the impact of locus of control (LOC) and motivations on entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) among agri-entrepreneurs in the region of Western Greece.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted in 2019 in the Western Greece region. Primary data were collected through a survey. A researcher-administered questionnaire was the data collection instrument while the individual farmer was the unit of analysis. Many data analysis methods were applied: a validity and reliability test, exploratory factor analysis, regression analysis, Kruskal–Wallis test and correlations.FindingsThe results show that the proposed model explains almost 33% of the variance for the EI. Internal LOC and pull motivations have a positive relationship with the intention of entrepreneurship. EI in the agricultural sector is more dependent on LOC, motivations, age and level of education than gender and type of holding.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study provide several theoretical and practical contributions, which can be useful for other researchers.Originality/valueThis research study adds to the existing literature of the EI by using a different type of sample compared to previous contributions. Mostly EI studies used student sample to measure intentions. The present study extends the antecedents of intention by using a sample of existing agri-entrepreneurs. Farmers are one of the best potential segments, and as a result, this research will help predicting how the intention process of existing entrepreneurs works, especially in the primary sector.
Owner-manager when death do us part – roles of a widow in sudden succession in family firms
Authors: Almlöf Hanna , Sjögren Hans 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis study sheds light on a hitherto understudied group in family business literature: widows. We explore the roles a widow may take following the unexpected death of her owner-manager spouse when she had no salient role in the business prior to the death.Design/methodology/approachWe used a qualitative approach to research, to study inductively the roles considered and taken by three widows who unexpectedly succeeded as owners of Swedish privately held family firms. We conducted semi-structured interviews with widows and children in top management.FindingsWe construct a typology of four main roles a widow can take and analyse the underlying dimensions that they represent. We also analyse to which extent the choice of role widow can be explained by psychological ownership and double-loss theory. The typology can be used as a tool for family business owners and their advisors as the basis of an open and non-prejudiced discussion of the choices available to a widow.Originality/valueWe have investigated the factors that influence a widow's decision whether to take over the business or not, as suggested in previous research by, for example, Martinez et al. (2009). We explore the roles a widow can consider and adopt. The study advances our understanding of how businesses can remain as family firms also in the event of the unexpected death of an owner-manager (De Massis et al., 2008). We hereby contribute to the literature on sudden successions and on women in family businesses.
Approaches to learning in the context of work – workplace learning and human resources
Authors: Brandi Ulrik , Iannone Rosa Lisa 
Published: May 2021

PurposeWith the purpose of promoting cross-field dialogue, this paper aims to review workplace learning (WPL) and human resource (HR) literature. The authors endeavour a conceptual examination and discussion of the bridges that link both research fields in relation to learning, in an effort to establish an integrated understanding of learning in workplaces.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a scoping review focused on how learning is approached in WPL and HR studies. An analysis of the selected literature reveals fundamental themes and dimensions that further our understanding of learning in the context of work.FindingsOverall, there are three learning dimensions where WPL and HR conceptually interrelate, namely, skills, incentives and work design. The scoping review also shows that HR is output-oriented and looks to learning as capital for enterprises, especially in light of enterprise performance for competence development. WPL centres more upon socio-cultural and practice-based configurations and the individual. It encompasses the human dimension of learning as something enriching the whole of life, including work life.Originality/valueThis paper contributes with a unique inquiry into the interrelations between WPL and HR approaches to learning, highlighting the complementarity between WPL theoretical features and HR practices. At the core of our findings is that WPL becomes analytically visible through how HR learning strategies are designed and deployed in the forms of skill development, incentive structures and work design, referring to both workplace structure and cultural features.
The impact of green bonds on corporate environmental and financial performance
Authors: Yeow Kim Ee , Ng Sin-Huei 
Published: May 2021

PurposeAs investors' expectations shift toward corporate sustainability, many corporations have jumped on the bandwagon of being “green” by issuing green bonds. However, as a recent green financing tool, little attention has been paid on the value that green bonds actually deliver. This causes the problem of greenwashing, in which firms pretend to be environmentally responsible when in reality they are not. This study therefore aims to explore green bonds' impact on issuers' corporate environmental and financial performance.Design/methodology/approachThe sample is collected from among the green bond and conventional bond issues between 2015 and 2019 issued by corporations from various countries. Using the propensity score matching (PSM) and then difference-in-difference (DiD) approaches, two sub-groups (green bond and conventional bond issuers) were generated for comparison. Changes in environmental and financial performance over time between the sub-groups are then examined.FindingsThe overall results show that green bonds are effective in improving environmental performance, but only when they are certified by third parties. Additionally, green bonds do not have an impact on financial performance. The findings imply that green bonds' dependency on external certification may be a consequence of an underdeveloped green bond market, where weak governance still dominates the green bond market. Because of this, corporations tend to take advantage of green finance's growing popularity, causing the greenwashing problem.Originality/valueGreen bonds are an extremely new area of research. Few research studies focus on the effectiveness of green bonds in impacting corporate financial and environmental performance. Therefore, this study strives to fill this research gap. It sheds light on the effectiveness of green bonds in supporting the development of green projects and provides a reference point for decision-making in strengthening transparency and accountability in environmental disclosure and helps regulating authorities develop tighter regulatory controls.
Estimating left behind patterns in congested metro systems: a Bayesian model
Authors: Yu Chao , Li Haiying , Xu Xinyue , Sun Qi 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
During rush hours, many passengers find it difficult to board the first train due to the insufficient capacity of metro vehicles, namely, left behind phenomenon. In this paper, a data-driven approach is presented to estimate left-behind patterns using automatic fare collection (AFC) data and train timetable data.

Design/methodology/approach
First, a data preprocessing method is introduced to obtain the waiting time of passengers at the target station. Second, a hierarchical Bayesian (HB) model is proposed to describe the left behind phenomenon, in which the waiting time is expressed as a Gaussian mixture model. Then a sampling algorithm based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is developed to estimate the parameters in the model. Third, a case of Beijing metro system is taken as an application of the proposed method.

Findings
The comparison result shows that the proposed method performs better in estimating left behind patterns than the existing Maximum Likelihood Estimation. Finally, three main reasons for left behind phenomenon are summarized to make relevant strategies for metro managers.

Originality/value
First, an HB model is constructed to describe the left behind phenomenon in a target station and in the target direction on the basis of AFC data and train timetable data. Second, a MCMC-based sampling method Metropolis–Hasting algorithm is proposed to estimate the model parameters and obtain the quantitative results of left behind patterns. Third, a case of Beijing metro is presented as an application to test the applicability and accuracy of the proposed method.
A systematic literature review of sustainable entrepreneurship with thematic analysis
Authors: Ali Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis paper reviews the literature available on sustainable entrepreneurship along with the terms used interchangeably (as the context demands) and explores the themes research have undertaken to explain the concept across multidisciplinary avenues. The purpose of this literature review is to determine the direction of research in the field of sustainable entrepreneurship. It also enables the author to find out the relevance with similar terminologies, i.e. green entrepreneurship, ecopreneurship, ecological entrepreneuship etc. Also, how various differentiating concepts under the guise of sustainable entrepreneurship contribute to the similar goals on organizational level.Design/methodology/approachScopus and Web of Science databases are explored for research articles including term “sustainable entrepreneurship”. A list of 50 most cited articles is extracted from the results and analyzed for underlying themes and trends in current research. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standard is used to systematically search articles from two databases and filtering for the most relevant manuscripts.FindingsThe categorization of research articles is conducted to understand the direction of research in this field and the emphasis on specific aspects. Themes identified are further elaborated into subcategories to get to the underlying theme of the research article. The research trend implicates the shift toward practical application and evaluation along with conceptual exploration and analysis which is inherent in any field of research.Originality/valueThe literature review in primarily conducted on two most referred databases, i.e. Scopus and Web of Science, as the search for term “sustainable entrepreneurship” yeilded most results in these databases. Also the methodology adopted focused on the most cited articles in the past two decades to extract the themes and subthemes. This allows the researcher to determine the trends and gaps in the current research.
Cost‐effectiveness of mifepristone and misoprostol versus misoprostol alone for the management of missed miscarriage: an economic evaluation based on the MifeMiso trial
Authors: Okeke Ogwulu CB , Williams EV , Chu JJ , Devall AJ , Beeson LE , Hardy P , Cheed V , Yongzhong S , Jones LL , La Fontaine Papadopoulos JH , Bender‐Atik R , Brewin J , Hinshaw K , Choudhary M , Ahmed A , Naftalin J , Nunes N , Oliver A , Izzat F , Bhatia K , Hassan I , Jeve Y , Hamilton J , Debs S , Bottomley C , Ross J , Watkins L , Underwood M , Cheong Y , Kumar CS , Gupta P , Small R , Pringle S , Hodge FS , Shahid A , Horne AW , Quenby S , Gallos ID , Coomarasamy A , Roberts TE 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the cost‐effectiveness of mifepristone and misoprostol (MifeMiso) compared with misoprostol only for the medical management of a missed miscarriage.DesignWithin‐trial economic evaluation and model‐based analysis to set the findings in the context of the wider economic evidence for a range of comparators. Incremental costs and outcomes were calculated using nonparametric bootstrapping and reported using cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves. Analyses were performed from the perspective of the UK’s National Health Service (NHS).SettingTwenty‐eight UK NHS early pregnancy units.SampleA cohort of 711 women aged 16–39 years with ultrasound evidence of a missed miscarriage.MethodsTreatment with mifepristone and misoprostol or with matched placebo and misoprostol tablets.Main outcome measuresCost per additional successfully managed miscarriage and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs).ResultsFor the within‐trial analysis, MifeMiso intervention resulted in an absolute effect difference of 6.6% (95% CI 0.7–12.5%) per successfully managed miscarriage and a QALYs difference of 0.04% (95% CI −0.01 to 0.1%). The average cost per successfully managed miscarriage was lower in the MifeMiso arm than in the placebo and misoprostol arm, with a cost saving of £182 (95% CI £26–£338). Hence, the MifeMiso intervention dominated the use of misoprostol alone. The model‐based analysis showed that the MifeMiso intervention is preferable, compared with expectant management, and this is the current medical management strategy. However, the model‐based evidence suggests that the intervention is a less effective but less costly strategy than surgical management.ConclusionsThe within‐trial analysis found that based on cost‐effectiveness grounds, the MifeMiso intervention is likely to be recommended by decision makers for the medical management of women presenting with a missed miscarriage.Tweetable abstractThe combination of mifepristone and misoprostol is more effective and less costly than misoprostol alone for the management of missed miscarriages.
Genomic correlates of response and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in carcinomas of unknown primary
Authors: Rassy Elie , Boussios Stergios , Pavlidis Nicholas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancers of unknown primary (CUP) are highly aggressive tumours with limited molecular characterization. These tumours can be particularly sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) by mounting a seemingly more effective anti‐tumour immune response. Unlike other tumour lineages, the biological basis and clinical efficacy of ICI in CUP remain largely unknown.Materials and methodsThe cBioPortal database was accessed to select eligible cases from the MSK‐IMPACTTMClinical Sequencing Cohort. The tumour cell genomic correlates of response and resistance to ICI in patients with CUP were compared to those with ICI‐eligible tumours: cervical cancer, gastric cancer, renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, non‐small‐cell lung cancer, melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma and urothelial bladder cancer.ResultsAmong a total of 234 patients with CUP, the identified genomic alterations were mainly mutation correlates of resistance to ICI, notably mutations in oncogenic signalling pathways includingKRAS,STK11andEGFR(24.7%, 10.9% and 4.2%, respectively). Compared to other tumours considered eligible for ICI, CUP presents a higher prevalence of alterations in the oncogenic signalling pathwaysKRASandSTK11. CUP patients treated with ICI had similar median overall survival with and without genomic correlates of response and resistance to ICI. An exploratory analysis showed that patients with TMB >10 mutations had a trend for better outcomes.ConclusionsA tumour mutation burden >10 mutations per megabase can provide a potential genomic correlate of response to ICI in patients with CUP. Further research is warranted to validate these findings.
Prognostic markers of post‐traumatic dental external root resorption in children—a pilot study
Authors: Gregorczyk‐Maga Iwona , Szustkiewicz‐Karoń Aleksandra , Kaszuba Marek , Januszek Rafał , Rahnama Mansur , Jurczak Anna , Maga Paweł 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundExternal inflammatory root resorption (EIRR) is a frequent complication of traumatic dental injuries (TDI). The aim of this cohort study was to identify novel non‐invasive markers of post‐traumatic EIRR by assessing the changes in the pulp's blood flow and the composition of gingival sulcus fluid (GCF) in children after dental trauma.Material and methodsThirty‐two children were enrolled and assessed within 48 h of a TDI to their permanent incisors and during an additional three visits over a 6‐months follow up period. During each visit, a radiograph and laser Doppler flow (LDF) measurements of the pulp blood flow were performed on the injured tooth, and the GCF was sampled. The permanent first molar tooth of the same subject served as a control for the LDF measurements and the GCF sampling. Concentrations of IL‐1α in the GCF were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Radiographs were used to confirm EIRR.ResultsEIRR occurred in fourteen (43.8%) teeth in 32 patients. The teeth with EIRR showed diminished LDF readings when compared with controls at all visits. The LDF readings of the injured teeth continued to decrease at follow up visits. In the EIRR group, levels of IL‐1α in the GCF of teeth with EIRR were increased and significantly higher than those of the control teeth at the visit when EIRR was diagnosed. The IL‐1α levels were significantly higher in the EIRR group when compared to the injured teeth of patients without EIRR at the last follow‐up visit.ConclusionsThe occurrence of EIRR after mechanical trauma of permanent teeth with complete root development is accompanied by a significant reduction in the blood flow of the tooth's pulp. It is accompanied by an increase in concentrations of IL‐1α in the GCF of EIRR affected teeth. The results of this pilot study identified the use of IL‐1α in GCF and LDF as non‐invasive markers of EIRR.