bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Multiple Survey Techniques to Document a Shifting Bat Community in the Wake of White-Nose Syndrome
Authors: Reynolds D. Scott , Shoemaker Kevin , von Oettingen Susi , Najjar Stephen , Veilleux Jacques P. , Moosman Paul R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe long-term study of bat communities often depends on a diverse set of sampling methodologies that are chosen based on the species or habitat management priorities of the research project. Integrating the data from a diverse set of methodologies (such as acoustic monitoring and mist net sampling) would improve our ability to characterize changes in community structure or composition over time, such as one would expect following an emergent infectious disease such as white-nose syndrome. We developed a Bayesian state-space model to integrate these disparate data into a common currency (relative abundance). We collected both acoustic monitoring and mist net capture data over an 8-y period (2006–2014) to document shifts in the bat community in central New England, USA, in response to the onset of white-nose syndrome in 2009. The integrated data model shows a significant decline in the abundance of little brown bat Myotis lucifugus, northern long-eared bat Myotis septentrionalis, and hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus, and an increase in abundance of the eastern small-footed bat Myotis leibii and the eastern red bat Lasiurus borealis. There was no evidence for a change in abundance in the big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus since the onset of white-nose syndrome. The consistency of this model with regional estimates of decline over the same time period support the validity of our relative abundance estimate. This model provides the opportunity to quantify shifts in other communities where multiple sampling methodologies were employed, and therefore provides natural resource managers with a robust tool to integrate existing sampling data to quantify changes in community composition that can inform conservation and management recommendations.
Dauniens et Samnites. La tombe du guerrier de Chiancone (Pietramontecorvino, Foggia) entre habitat et espaces funéraires
Authors: Muntoni Italo M. , Garnier Nicolas 
Published: November 2021

Si presentano i risultati delle indagini di archeologia preventiva condotte dalla Soprintendenza Archeologia della Puglia, tra 2012 e 2014 in occasione della realizzazione di un impianto eolico, in località Monte Chiancone nel territorio del comune di Pietramontecorvino (FG), dove sono state messe in luce diverse evidenze archeologiche pertinenti ad un abitato daunio, localizzato su un pianoro sommitale posto presso le pendici del Monte Chiancone (265 m s.l.m.) a ridosso del torrente Triolo. Di rilevante importanza era stato, già nella prima campagna di saggi preventivi del 2012, il rinvenimento di una tomba (n. 1) a fossa terragna pertinente ad un guerriero, di eccezionale rilievo per la ricchezza del corredo inquadrabile nel V sec. a.C. e per la pregnanza ideologica e simbolica degli oggetti che lo compongono. Le indagini estensive, invece, svolte nel 2014 hanno permesso di mettere in luce un nucleo insediativo di età daunia, in cui si inserisce anche questa sepoltura, occupato tra la fine del VI e il IV sec. a.C., con diverse evidenze, sia in rapporto all’architettura domestica, che in relazione alla dimensione funeraria. Dall’analisi del corredo della tomba del guerriero, condotto anche nell’ambito del Progetto MAGI, appare evidente e caratterizzante il consumo del vino rosso e bianco, evidente richiamo all’ideologia del banchetto, a cui si associa il riferimento al consumo delle carni, gestito da un elemento di spicco all’interno del gruppo di appartenenza, che si connota appunto come guerriero. Evidente, in questo, appare la penetrazione di elementi allogeni (dalla posizione supina dell’inumato, alla prevalenza del vasellame in impasto a scapito di quello in argilla depurata dipinta) in un’area tradizionalmente afferente al territorio daunio, ma situata nell’estremo settore settentrionale dello stesso, pertanto, già proiettata verso le valli fluviali interne che collegano con l’attuale Molise e con la Campania settentrionale interna, il Sannio dunque, della piena età storica.
Réflexions interdisciplinaires autour des pratiques funéraires gauloises en Languedoc (viie-iie siècles av. J.-C.) : l’apport de la chimie organique
Authors: Bel Valérie , Garnier Nicolas , Barberan Sébastien , Chardenon Nathalie , Forest Vianney , Jung Cécile , Mazière Florent , Ratsimba Antoine , Séjalon Pierre 
Published: November 2021

Cinquante-et-une analyses de chimie organique réalisées en contexte funéraire sur des vases, des os et de la terre de bûcher, ont permis de mettre en évidence l’existence de divers produits alimentaires utilisés lors des funérailles. Cette étude a pour objectif de discuter de leur place et des gestes qu’ils sous-entendent. Les tombes prises en compte sont toutes à crémation (bûcher ou ossuaire). Elles sont situées en Languedoc et sont datées entre le VIIe et le IIe siècle av. J.-C.
Correlations between body measures with live weight in young male goats
Authors: Fonseca Júlia dos Santos , Pimenta José Luiz Leonardo de Araujo , Moura Larissa Sardinha de , Souza Ludmila Cavati de , Silva Tatiana Labre da , Fonseca Carlos Elysio Moreira da , Oliveira Rodrigo Vasconcelos de 
Published: November 2021

Data analysis in goat production, such as those related to body and scrotal measurements, indicate the productive and reproductive animal development. The current study aimed to evaluate the correlations between thoracic perimeter (TP), body length (BL), body compacity (BC), body volume (BV), and scrotal circumference (SC) with body weight (BW) in young male goats of Saanen and Boer breeds. It was used 38 Saanen and 24 Boer male goats, with age average of 7.2 ± 2.0 months. Thoracic perimeter and body length measurements were obtained using a tape measure (cm) and the live weight (kg) a mechanic scale. The variables body compacity (BC) and body volume (BV) were calculated using the equations: and . Boer breed showed live weight and body compacity higher than Saanen breed (p < 0.05). Regarding correlations between biometric measurements and body weight, we did not find any statistical differences between the breeds (p > 0.05). The scrotal circumference presented the lowest association with body weight (p < 0.05). However, all biometric measurements showed highly significant correlations with live body (p < 0.01). In conclusion, thoracic perimeter was the main measure of body weight predictor, considering efficiency and practical aspects.
AIM2 Suppresses Inflammation and Epithelial Cell Proliferation during Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Chung Hyunjae , Komada Takanori , Lau Arthur , Chappellaz Mona , Platnich Jaye M , de Koning Heleen D , Petri Björn , Luque Yosu , Walker Simon , Benediktsson Hallgrimur , Mesnard Laurent , Chun Justin , Muruve Daniel A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Absent in melanoma-2 (AIM2) is an inflammasome-forming innate immune sensor for dsDNA but also exhibits inflammasome-independent functions such as restricting cellular proliferation. AIM2 is expressed in the kidney, but its localization and function are not fully characterized. In normal human glomeruli, AIM2 localized to podocytes. In patients with glomerulonephritis, AIM2 expression increased in CD44+-activated parietal epithelial cells within glomerular crescents. To explore AIM2 effects in glomerular disease, studies in Aim2−/− mice were performed. Aim2−/− glomeruli showed reduced expression of Wilm tumor gene-1 (WT1), WT1-driven podocyte genes, and increased proliferation in outgrowth assays. In a nephrotoxic serum (NTS)–induced glomerulonephritis model, Aim2−/− (B6) mice exhibited more severe glomerular crescent formation, tubular injury, inflammation, and proteinuria compared with wild-type controls. Inflammasome activation markers were absent in both Aim2−/− and wild-type kidneys, despite an increased inflammatory transcriptomic signature in Aim2−/− mice. Aim2−/− mice also demonstrated dysregulated cellular proliferation and an increase in CD44+ parietal epithelial cells during glomerulonephritis. The augmented inflammation and epithelial cell proliferation in Aim2−/− (B6) mice was not due to genetic background, as Aim2−/− (B6.129) mice demonstrated a similar phenotype during NTS glomerulonephritis. The AIM2-like receptor (ALR) locus was necessary for the inflammatory glomerulonephritis phenotype observed in Aim2−/− mice, as NTS-treated ALR−/− mice displayed equal levels of injury as wild-type controls. Podocyte outgrowth from ALR−/− glomeruli was still increased, however, confirming that the ALR locus is dispensable for AIM2 effects on epithelial cell proliferation. These results identify a noncanonical role for AIM2 in suppressing inflammation and epithelial cell proliferation during glomerulonephritis.
On differentiability of the membrane-mediated mechanical interaction energy of discrete–continuum membrane–particle models
Authors: Gräser Carsten , Kies Tobias 
Published: November 2021

We consider a discrete–continuum model of a biomembrane with embedded particles. While the membrane is represented by a continuous surface, embedded particles are described by rigid discrete objects which are free to move and rotate in lateral direction. For the membrane we consider a linearized Canham–Helfrich energy functional and height and slope boundary conditions imposed on the particle boundaries resulting in a coupled minimization problem for the membrane shape and particle positions.
When considering the energetically optimal membrane shape for each particle position we obtain a reduced energy functional that models the implicitly given interaction potential for the membrane-mediated mechanical particle–particle interactions. We show that this interaction potential is differentiable with respect to the particle positions and orientations. Furthermore, we derive a fully practical representation of the derivative only in terms of well defined derivatives of the membrane. This opens the door for the application of minimization algorithms for the computation of minimizers of the coupled system and for further investigation of the interaction potential of membrane-mediated mechanical particle–particle interaction.
The results are illustrated with numerical examples comparing the explicit derivative formula with difference quotient approximations. We furthermore demonstrate the application of the derived formula to implement a gradient flow for the approximation of optimal particle configurations.
Social capital: The missing link in Ghana’s development
Authors: Koomson Frederick , Enu-Kwesi Francis 
Published: November 2021

Development practitioners in recent times have recognised that the general factors of production
determine only partially the process of economic growth because they overlook the way in which
economic actors interact and organise themselves to generate economic growth. In 2006, the World Bank publication cited developing countries as having the least amount of intangible capital compared to the developed nations. However, among the components of intangible capital, social capital has attracted considerable attention among social scientists in general and development economists in particular because there is growing evidence that social capital can have impacts on development outcomes. Using primarily desk studies, the paper examines current literature on social capital and how they provide some answers to the missing link in Ghana’s development. We conclude that while micro-level social capital is important and predominates in Ghana’s development, its success largely depends on macro-level social capital.This implies that an enabling socio-economic environment is very vital for all sectors to function properly. In essence, social capital – like natural, physical and human capital – has limited value if it is not combined with other forms of capital, because social capital makes the other types of capital and their productive combination more efficient.
IMEJ ANTHROPOMORPHIC DALAM GUA KAIN HITAM (PAINTED CAVE) SARAWAK
Authors: Junior Kimwah  , Baharudin Mohd Arus  
Published: November 2021

Artikel ini membincangkan imej figuratif yang terdapat di dalam Gua Kain Hitam (Painted Cave) Niah, Sarawak. Beberapa imej figuratif ini dihasilkan dengan gaya dan bentuk yang dinamik. Namun, posisi rupa imej yang amat dominan adalah kedudukan tangan dan kaki terbuka. Imej ini membawa mesej tertentu dan mempunyai hubung kait dengan cara hidup dan kepercayaan masyarakat prasejarah pada ketika itu. Sehubungan dengan itu, kertas kerja ini menjelaskan reka bentuk dan menganalisis makna yang terkandung dalam imej. Penulis menggunakan Teori Ikonografi dalam usaha menganalisis imej prasejarah ini.

This article discusses the figurative images found in the Painted Cave of Niah, Sarawak. Some of these figurative images are created with dynamic styles and shapes. However, the most dominant image appearance position is the open hand and foot position. These images carry a specific message and have a correlation with the way of life and beliefs of prehistoric societies at the time. Therefore, this paper explains the design and analyzes the meanings contained in the images. The author uses Iconographic theory in an effort to analyze these prehistoric images.
Estado, sociedad y economía en El Salvador (1880-1999)
Authors: González Luis Armando 
Published: November 2021

Visión de conjunto de los vínculos fraguados en El Salvador entre la política, la sociedad y la economía desde finales del siglo XIX hasta finales del siglo XX. Para el autor, durante la últimas tres décadas del siglo pasado se echaron las bases del orden económico y social que dominaría a lo largo de casi todo el siglo XX, mientras que, a partir del golpe de Estado del general Hernández Manínez, se inició un esquema de dominación política -cuyo eje central fue el estamento militar- que sólo fue quebrado con los acuerdos de paz de 1992. Una de las principales hipótesis del ensayo es que, en El Salvador de los años noventa, se está operando una reforma estatal la cual se encamina a pasar de un Estado grande, ineficiente e "intervencionista" a un Estado fuerte, eficiente y garante del libre juego de las fuerzas del mercado.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 609-610, 1999: 583-602.
Solidaridad con los pobres
Authors: Tojeira José María 
Published: November 2021

En este artículo el autor expone la situación de pobreza que prevalece en el mundo, especialmente en los países del tercer mundo. Señala los múltiples factores que la originan y perpetúan, y que con toda su complejidad es, al final, producto de estructuraciones sociales humanas, de intereses humanos. Que los recursos para contrarrestarla existen, pero no la voluntad ni una política para combatirla. De allí que el espíritu de solidaridad con los pobres tiene diversas posibilidades de expresión, siendo una de ellas, en principio, la convicción de que el ser humano es igual en dignidad.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 609-610, 1999: 603-615.
Unas de cal y muchas de "arena" en el sector público
Authors: De Derechos Humanos de la UCA Instituto 
Published: November 2021

"Hay incertidumbre sobre los progresos logrados en la institucionalidad para la defensa de los derechos humanos", "La exacerbación de la cultura de la violencia, la posesión de armas y los vacíos institucionales han expuesto a los salvadoreños a un alto riesgo de violencia física", etc. Estos juicios y otros fueron pronunciados por el Consejo Nacional para el Desarrollo Sostenible, en abril de este año. Este artículo expone la falta de respeto y de las libertades fundamentales a los que está sometida la población salvadoreña. Para ilustrar estos atropellos se citan, en esta ocasión, dos casos: el de la Dirección General de Correos y el de la Dirección General de Transporte Terrestre.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 609-610, 1999: 617-627.
The effects of the COVID-19 lockdowns on the composition of the troposphere as seen by In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) at Frankfurt
Authors: Clark Hannah , Bennouna Yasmine , Tsivlidou Maria , Wolff Pawel , Sauvage Bastien , Barret Brice , Le Flochmoën Eric , Blot Romain , Boulanger Damien , Cousin Jean-Marc , Nédélec Philippe , Petzold Andreas , Thouret Valérie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The European research infrastructure IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) equips commercial aircraft with a system for measuring atmospheric composition. A range of essential climate variables and air quality parameters are measured throughout the flight, from take-off to landing, giving high-resolution information in the vertical in the vicinity of international airports and in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere during the cruise phase of the flight. Six airlines are currently involved in the programme, achieving a quasi-global coverage under normal circumstances. During the COVID-19 crisis, many airlines were forced to ground their fleets due to a fall in passenger numbers and imposed travel restrictions. Deutsche Lufthansa, a partner in IAGOS since 1994 was able to operate an IAGOS-equipped aircraft during the COVID-19 lockdown, providing regular measurements of ozone and carbon monoxide at Frankfurt Airport. The data form a snapshot of an unprecedented time in the 27-year time series. In May 2020, we see a 32 % increase in ozone near the surface with respect to a recent reference period, a magnitude similar to that of the 2003 heatwave. The anomaly in May is driven by an increase in ozone at nighttime which might be linked to the reduction in NO during the COVID-19 lockdowns. The anomaly diminishes with altitude becoming a slightly negative anomaly in the free troposphere. The ozone precursor carbon monoxide shows an 11 % reduction in MAM (March–April–May) near the surface. There is only a small reduction in CO in the free troposphere due to the impact of long-range transport on the CO from emissions in regions outside Europe. This is confirmed by data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) using retrievals performed by SOftware for a Fast Retrieval of IASI Data (SOFRID), which display
a clear drop of CO at 800 hPa over Europe in March but otherwise show little change to the abundance of CO in the free troposphere.
Charakter (Character)
Authors: Bell Matthew 
Published: November 2021

The lexeme Charakter denotes the set of innate or acquired dispositions that make an individual or a nation distinctive, determine its behaviour, and give it psychological and moral strength. Charakter plays a central role in Goethe’s moral psychology and his ethical thought in general, as well as in his thinking on culture. His psychological and ethical thought is notoriously hard to classify or to align with the main traditions of European thought. His concern with Charakter could be said to belong to the broad classical tradition of virtue ethics, in the sense that Goethe placed moral character at the heart of ethics. However, in contrast to the classical tradition of virtue ethics, which holds that both the rational and the non-rational parts of humans contribute to a virtuous character, and that virtues can be conceptualized clearly, Goethe resists the claims of reason on our moral character. His early writings on culture and the drama Egmont have a Rousseauian flavour: Charakter represents a natural force that is endangered by civilization. After the French Revolution and in opposition to the emergence of liberalism, Goethe came to see Charakter as a political resource that was superior to political rationality. In his most sustained engagements with philosophical ethics—his essays on Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1805) and Isaac Newton (1810)—Goethe argues, in deliberate opposition to Kant, that natural Charakter has at least as much ethical force as reason and that naturalistic descriptions of human behaviour are at least as valid as moral ones. Moreover, Charakter has the advantage of leading us by a more direct and reliable route to morally good outcomes. In this sense, it can be said without risk of exaggeration that Charakter displaces rationality in Goethe’s ethical thought.
Development of recipes and technologies for the production of fish-growing products for baby food
Authors: Аксентьева Виктория Вячеславовна , Мозжерина Ирина Васильевна , Попов Владимир Григорьевич 
Published: November 2021

В статье приводится краткий обзор инноваций по производству функциональных продуктов питания на основе рыбного сырья с целью установления современных тенденций их использования в детском питании. По данным статистики в России традиционно наблюдается дефицит потребляемого населением белка по причине однообразного, несбалансированного питания и низкой культуры потребления. Недостаток белка в организме неблагоприятно отражается на деятельности сердечно-сосудистой, дыхательной и нервной систем, как у детей, так и у взрослого населения. При производстве полуфабрикатов и кулинарных изделий из рыбы особую значимость приобретает совершенствование рецептур и технологий, направленных на повышение пищевой и биологической ценности, а также безопасности продуктов. Одним из способов повышения физиологической ценности белка животного происхождения является исследование по его биоусвояемости в детском организме, совершенствование органолептических показателей. К важнейшим свойствам продукции многие ученые относят доступность для различных социальных групп путем комбинирования рыбного фарша с различными растительными добавками.
The article provides a brief overview of innovations in the production of functional food products based on fish raw materials in order to establish current trends in their use in children's nutrition. According to statistics, there is traditionally a shortage of protein consumed by the population in Russia, due to a monotonous, unbalanced diet, and a low consumption culture. The lack of protein in the body does not favorably affect the activity of the cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems, both in children and in adults. In the production of semi-finished products and culinary products from fish, the improvement of recipes and technologies aimed at increasing the nutritional and biological value, as well as the safety of products, is of particular importance. One of the ways to increase the physiological value of animal protein is research on its bioavailability in the child's body, improving organoleptic indicators. Among the most important properties of the products, many scientists refer to accessibility for different social groups by combining minced fish with various plant additives.