bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manifestation of propagation traits for polymer square lattice micro-structured optical fiber in THz regime: a simplified model
Authors: Singh Hukam , Sharma Dinesh Kumar , Tripathi Saurabh Mani 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To sustain the pace with immense prominence, interest in low-loss terahertz (THz) waveguides increases due to their particular applications in the multidisciplinary arena. This paper narrates a novel solid-core polymer-based square lattice micro-structured optical fiber (SL-MOF) with circular air-holes for efficient propagation of THz waves. The anticipated model’s guiding attributes are described by employing the numerically efficient finite-element method (FEM) in conjunction with an auxiliary Ring Model. Numerical analysis of the model exhibits confinement loss of about ~ 10 -7 dB/cm and low effective material loss of ~ 0.19 cm -1 at the applied frequency of 1.0 THz. It is also demonstrated that the considered geometry furnishes low bending loss over the extended range of THz frequency. The relative sensitivity coefficient is evaluated in context for the targeted design parameters to enable the said model’s practical utility. Other nameworthy propagation characteristics, such as effective mode-index, power fraction, effective mode-area, numerical aperture, spot-size, and the beam divergence are also investigated. The improved outcomes are anticipated that the proposed configuration will be opened a new epoch in the THz waveband.
Computational Design of New N-Heterocyclic Silyl Pincer Fullerenes
Authors: anafcheh maryam , Zahedi Mansour 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A density functional study was performed to design a new N‑heterocyclic silyl pincer fullerenes based on the reactions of diaminofullerene with chlorosilanes SiHRCl2. Reaction energies of the formation of pincer fullerene ligands increased through the substitution of flanking arms with CH3 and phenyl groups. However, substituting hydrogen of SiH2 with methyl slightly increased the corresponding reaction energies, replacing of hydrogen with phenyl groups decreased the reaction energies of the considered pincer fullerenes. While the calculated electrophilicity values of the pincer fullerenes are larger than the electrophilicity values obtained for the fullerene derivatives, the substitution of hydrogen atoms of central SiH2 and PH2 did not have a noticeable impact on the electrophilicity values of the pincer fullerenes. The only exception was SiHPh(NCH2PH2)2C60. Natural bonding orbital analysis showed that the delocalization of electrons from the lone pairs of flanking arms phosphorous atoms to the n* orbital of transition metal atoms was a key factor for stabilizing the considered complexes. The strongest interaction was due to the delocalization of electrons from lone pairs of phosphorous atoms in the flanking arms to the LP* of transition metals, which was follow by the delocalization of electrons of the Si-H σ* orbitals to the LP* of transition metals.
Carbon Nano-Sphere Derived From Crop Residues by Acidic Lithium Bromide Treatment and as an Excellent Adsorbent to Both Heavy Ions and Methyl Orange
Authors: Chen Jian , Lu Xianqin , Li Bingbing , Dong Cuihua , Zhu Wenyuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Carbon spheres, as a widely used carbon material, has attracted extensive attentions. The hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method was a promising candidate for production of carbon-sphere. But the raw lignocellulose was natural resistant and hardly transformed into the carbon-spheres during HTC. Herein, acidic lithium bromide (LiBr) was supplied in the HTC process to break the resistance of lignocellulose and promoted the nano-carbon spheres forming in mild conditions: 140°C for 150 min. The carbon spheres from raw corn stover showed decent morphology properties and abundant functional groups, which was better than that from pine and poplar wood. It led to the high removal efficiency of the biochar-corn stover to both heavy ions and methyl orange in the waste water. Meanwhile, the filtrate under the optimal reaction was already reused. After five runs, the recycling showed slight effect on the morphology properties and the adsorption capability of biochar. These results verified the practical production of biochar spheres from lignocellulose in mild conditions, which provided more potential for the synthesis of novel biomass-based materials for wide applications.
Target-Based Drug Discovery, ADMET Profiling and Bioactivity Studies of Antibiotics as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro)
Authors: Abdul-Hammed Misbaudeen , Adedotun Ibrahim Olaide , Falade Victoria Adeola , Adepoju Adewusi John , Olasupo Sabitu Babatunde , Akinboade Modinat Wuraola 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A recent outbreak of a new strain of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global health burden, which has resulted in deaths. No proven drug has been found to effectively cure this fast-spreading infection, hence the need to explore old drugs with the known profile in tackling this pandemic. Computer-aided drug design approach involving virtual screening was used to obtain the binding scores and inhibiting efficiencies of previously known antibiotics against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). In silico pre-clinical studies which include Drug-likeness, Bioactivity, and ADMET profiling were done using Molinspiration online tool and ADMET SAR2 webserver respectively, and the results were compared with those of drugs currently involved in clinical trials in the ongoing pandemic. Although antibiotics have been speculated to be of no use in the treatment of viral infections, literature has emerged lately to reveal antiviral potential and immune-boosting ability of antibiotics. This study identified Tarivid and Ciprofloxacin with binding affinities of -8.3 and − 8.1 kcal/mol, respectively as significant inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) with better pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and oral bioavailabity, bioactivity properties, ADMET properties and inhibitory strength compared to Remdesivir (-7.6 kcal/mol) and Azithromycin (-6.3 kcal/mol). These observations will provide insight for further research (clinical trial) in the cure and management of COVID-19.
Replicative history marks transcriptional and functional disparity in the CD8+ T cell memory pool
Authors: Schumacher Ton , Bresser Kaspar , Kok Lianne , Swain Arpit , King Lisa , Jacobs Laura , Weber Tom , Perié Leila , Duffy Ken , Scheeren Ferenc , Boer Rob de 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Clonal expansion is a core aspect of T cell immunity. However, little is known with respect to the relationship between replicative history and the formation of distinct CD8+ memory T cell subgroups. To address this issue, we developed a genetic-tracing approach, termed the DivisionRecorder, that reports the extent of past proliferation of cell pools in vivo. Using this system to genetically ‘record’ the replicative history of different CD8+ T cell populations throughout a pathogen-specific immune response, we demonstrate that the central memory T cell (TCM) pool is marked by a higher number of prior divisions than the effector memory T cell pool, due to the combination of strong proliferative activity during the acute immune response and selective proliferative activity after pathogen clearance. Furthermore, by combining DivisionRecorder analysis with single cell transcriptomics and functional experiments, we show that replicative history identifies distinct cell pools within the TCM compartment. Specifically, we demonstrate that lowly divided TCM display enriched expression of stem-cell-associated genes, and that such lowly divided cells are superior in eliciting a proliferative recall response. The latter data provide the first evidence that a stem cell like memory T cell pool that reconstitutes the CD8+ T cell effector pool upon reinfection is marked by prior quiescence.
Influenza causes alterations to oligodendrocyte-specific transcripts and the myelin lipidome in the adult mouse central nervous system.
Authors: Louie Allison , Kim Justin , Soto-Diaz Katiria , Dibaeinia Payam , Koito Hisami , Sinha Saurabh , Nowak Romana , Das Aditi , Steelman Andrew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The notion that myelin remains static during adulthood has been challenged in recent years. Myelin is not only crucial for proper cognitive function and behavior, but it is vulnerable to alterations from external factors outside the window of development. Here, in the adult mouse CNS, RNA analysis revealed global downregulation and subsequent recovery of oligodendrocyte-specific transcripts in response to peripheral influenza viral infection. Furthermore, shot-gun lipidomic analysis revealed that infection alters the lipid profile in the prefrontal cortex as well as in purified brain myelin. Finally, treatment with the colony stimulating factor receptor (CSFR)1 antagonist GW2580 during infection suppressed glial activation and partially restored oligodendrocyte-specific myelin transcripts to baseline levels. Together, these findings reveal a yet unforeseen consequence of peripheral infection on oligodendrocyte homeostasis in the adult mouse.
Frequency and Factors Associated With Thyroid Dysfunctions: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study From a Tertiary Care Center in Kabul, Afghanistan
Authors: Naeem Mohammad , Ahmed Sibtain , Haidary Ahmed Maseh , Saadaat Ramin , Gowani Ambreen , Abdul-Ghafar Jamshid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Endocrinopathies are a commonly occurring entity, particularly those of the thyroid gland, however there is lack of scientific literature from Afghanistan, a country with very limited health care facilities and resources. This is the first study aimed to describe the frequency of occurrence and factor associated with thyroid dysfunction in Afghan population. The aim of this study is to estimate the frequency and to identify factors associated with thyroid dysfunction among individuals coming to a tertiary care facility in Kabul, Afghanistan.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to Sep 2018 at the Department of Clinical Pathology, French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan. Blood samples were obtained, serum TSH levels were analyzed, and the patients were divided into three diagnostic categories according to their serum TSH concentrations: 1) Hypothyroidism 2) Hyperthyroidism 3) normal.Results: A total of 127 individuals were included in the final analysis. Majority study participants (77%) were females. A large number of the participants (92%) did not have family history of thyroid dysfunction. (74%) participants in the study had normal TSH levels classified as normal thyroid function, (14%) had lower TSH levels and (12%) higher TSH levels (Table 1) classified as hyper and hypothyroid respectively.Conclusions: The findings of the current study showed a high frequency of thyroid dysfunctions from a single center. Further large scale studies are needed to find out the prevalence and document this entity for better health outcomes in the country.
Control of Fever in Septic Patients: the Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Kula Roman , Káňová Marcela , Varady Jan , Neiser Jan , Janišová Jarmila , Rusková Klára , Tejkalová Kateřina , Kula Roman , Kalina Jiří , Jarkovský Jiří 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Fever is a defence against infection. However, its benefit might be masked by cardiorespiratory maladaptation to thermal stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fever control on the outcomes of septic patients who were presumed to have a sufficient cardiorespiratory reserve.Methods: Septic patients with a presumed sufficient cardiorespiratory reserve and fever (>38.3°C) of infectious etiology were randomised to one of the two study arms. In the aggressive arm, the antipyretic intervention was started immediately when the body temperature rose above 38.3°C, in the conservative arm only when it exceeded 39.5°C. Both pharmacological (ibuprofen) and physical antipyretic methods were used. The total SOFA score on day 7 was selected as the primary endpoint. Non-parametric tests were used for statistics when comparing variables between the study arms.Results: A total of 5998 patients were screened for fever of infectious etiology. 609 patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 154 patients were randomised. A significantly higher body temperature and longer duration of febrile episode was reached in the conservative arm. The SOFA score was significantly lower on day 7 when the conservative approach was applied. In-hospital mortality did not differ between the arms. When analysing a subgroup of patients with ICU stay < 4 days, a significantly lower SOFA score on day 3 and a tendency for lower in-hospital mortality was observed in the aggressive arm. In contrast, among patients with ICU stay ≥ 6 days, a significantly lower SOFA score on day 7 and significantly lower in-hospital mortality was found in the conservative arm.Conclusions: The conservative approach to the treatment of fever in septic patients with sufficient cardiorespiratory reserve was associated with a lower total SOFA score on day 7 compared to the aggressive approach. However, both approaches may positively influence outcome of septic patients: the aggressive approach seems to be beneficial in the early stage of sepsis, and the conservative approach in the stage of sepsis remission.Trial registration: The study was retrospectively registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (Ref. No. NCT04227652).
A Short-Term Outcome on Ligating the Different Levels of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA). A Prospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Singh Dujanand , Long He , Yang Lie , Cun wang , Yu Yongyang , zhou zhongguan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: This study is to analyze the impact on the level of Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ligation of Colorectal cancer surgery. The retrieval of lymph nodes (LNs) and anastomotic leakage was the main concern of this study. Methods: In this prospective study, the high and low ligation cases were selected. The retrieved LNs from roots of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and left colic artery (LCA) was sent for histopathological examination (HPE), irrespective of the method of ligation. The observation of HPE results and Anastomosis leakage were analyzed.Result: In the total numbers of 369 cases, 12 cases were cancer positive LNs at the root of IMA despite 349 harvested LNs. On another hand, just one case showed LCA positive LNs obliviously because just 12 cases were had harvested LNs at the root of LCA. where Two cases of leakage were seen in both groups over a three-month follow-up. Conclusions: This result signifies the importance of IMA root LNs clearance and concern of high ligation. However, the small number of cases demand further well-designed RCTs to make an evidence-based decision.
WITHDRAWN: A BIN2-like1 Protein Confers Dwarf by Interacting with BZR1 of Brassinosteroid Signaling in Allotetraploid Brassica Napus
Authors: Yang Mao , He Jianbo , Wan Shubei , Li Weiyan , Chen Wenjing , Wang Yangming , Jiang Xiaomei , Cheng Pengfei , Chu Pu , Shen Wenbiao , Guan Rongzhan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones that play essential roles in plant growth and development. In this study, we identified a new dwarf mutant in Brassica napus. By map-based cloning, BnaC04.BIL1 (BnaC04g41660D) gene, a BIN2-like1 (BIL1) encoding a GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 (GSK3-like) protein kinase, was isolated. To date, how BIL1 involves in BR signal transduction remains uncovered. Genetic transformation experiments confirmed that the BnaC04.BIL1 is responsible for the plant dwarf phenotype in the Bndwarf2 mutants. Overexpression of BnaC04.BIL1 not only reduced plant height, but also resulted in compact plant architecture. Using CRISPR/Cas9, two sgRNAs were designed to target BnaC04.BIL1 gene. The gene editing experiments generated mutations of BnaC04.BIL1 sequence, which were stably transmitted to successive generations, and lead to restoration of plant height and plant architecture. The molecular mechanism of Bndwarf2 dwarfing was further verified by Y2H and BiFC assays. Results shown that a Thr187Ser amino acid substitution residing in the conserved region promotes the interaction between BnaC04.BIL1Mut with BnaBZR1, thus enhances the negative regulation of plant growth. The genetic and molecular evidence clarifies first the BnaC04.BIL1 can sharply change plant architecture in natural plant accessions in allotetraploid, and provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of BR signaling.
Five-axis Tri-NURBS Spline Interpolation Method Considering Nonlinear Error Compensation and Correction of CC Paths
Authors: Chen Liangji , Wei Zisen , Ma Longfei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the accuracy of tool axis vector position and direction in traditional five-axis NURBS interpolation methods and the controlling accuracy of cutter contacting(CC) paths between cutter and work-piece, a five-axis Tri-NURBS spline interpolation method is presented in this article. Firstly, the spline interpolation instruction format is proposed, which includes three spline curves, such as CC point spline, tool center point spline and tool axis point spline. The next interpolation parameter is calculated based on the tool center point spline combined with the conventional parametric interpolation idea. Different from the traditional spline interpolation using the same interpolation parameter for all spline curves, the idea of equal ratio configuration of parameters is proposed in this paper to obtain the next interpolation parameter of each spline curve. The next interpolation tool center point, tool axis point and CC point on the above three spline curves can be obtained by using different interpolation parameters, so as to improve the accuracy of tool axis vector position and direction. Secondly, the producing mechanism of CC paths’ nonlinear error of the traditional spline interpolation is analyzed and the mathematical calculation model of the nonlinear error is established. And then, the nonlinear error compensation and correction method is also put forward to improve the controlling accuracy of CC paths. In this method, the next CC point on the cutter can be firstly obtained according to the next interpolation tool center point, tool axis point and CC point on the three spline curves. And then, the error compensation vector is determined with the two next CC points. To correct the nonlinear error between the next CC point on the cutter and the CC point spline curve, the cutter is translated so that the two next CC points can be coincided. In the end, the new tool center point and tool axis point after translation can be calculated to obtain the motion control coordinates of each axis of machine tool. The MATLAB software is used as simulation of the real machining data. The results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the CC paths’ nonlinear error. It has high practical value for five-axis machining in effectively controlling the accuracy of CC paths and im-proving the machining accuracy of complex surfaces.
Comparison of CISNE and MASCC Score in Predicting Complications on Post Chemotherapy Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: Shakinah Sharifah , Nelwan Erni , Lubis Anna , Sinto Robert , Pohan Herdiman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective Despite the routine use of MASCC score in febrile neutropenia patients, researches showed that serious complications still occur in 15-42% of low-risk patients; therefore, a new scoring system Clinical Index of Stable Febrile Neutropenia (CISNE) is developed to predict the complication better. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the role of CISNE score compared to MASCC score as a risk stratification in post-chemotherapy FN in solid and hematologic malignancy. Patients who underwent inpatient treatment with FN between July 2015 and December 2019 were grouped based on both scores, while complications during inpatient was recorded. Both score's areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve were compared using DeLong method. Results CISNE score showed a better performance both in solid malignancy with AUC of CISNE score (0.893; 95% CI 0.829 - 0.95, p = 0.03) compared to AUC of MASCC score (0.77; 95% CI 0.68 – 0,86, p = 0.04) and in hematologic malignancy with AUC of CISNE score (0.91; 95% CI 0.84 - 0.97, p = 0.03) and AUC MASCC score (0.735 ; 95% CI 0.68 - 0.86, p = 0.04). CISNE score showed a better diagnostic performance with cut-off point value of 2.
Various Factors that Interfere with the Accurate Assessment of the Three-rods Test and Modified Three-rods Test to Resolve Monocular Cues
Authors: Takeuchi Atsuya , Kawaguchi Nami , Uesaka Naofumi , Tsujimoto Yukiko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Binocular stereopsis is a higher-order visual function and is thought to play an important role in spatial cognition in everyday life and many occupational settings. Various stereotests are used clinically to evaluate binocular stereopsis, and the three-rods test is used to assess stereopsis in various occupations in Japan. It is known that there are factors such as monocular cues in various stereotests that make it difficult to accurately evaluate the stereoscopic function, but the existence of such factors in the three-rods test has not been clarified. Here, we show that practice effect and monocular cues exist in the conventional three-rods test and that we devised a modified three-rods test to address the monocular cues. In the conventional three-rods test, performance improved when multiple tests were performed in a short time under binocular condition, and performance was significantly better in the monocular condition compared to the blind condition, indicating the existence of practice effect and monocular cues, respectively. The modified three-rod test with a wider central rod excluded the effect of monocular cues and maintained binocular cues on test performance. Their results suggest that the three-rod test with the simple modification can be a useful method for testing stereoscopic functions.
Early administration of amatuximab suppresses liver metastasis of mesothelin-expressing pancreatic cancer cells and enhances gemcitabine sensitivity in a xenograft mouse model
Authors: Fujii Yuki , Kamachi Hirofumi , Matsuzawa Fumihiko , Mizukami Tatsuzo , Kobayashi Nozomi , Fukai Moto , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Amatuximab is a promising therapeutic antibody targeting mesothelin, a 40-kDa glycoprotein that is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer. We investigated the effectiveness of early amatuximab treatment, imitating an adjuvant chemotherapy setting, and combination therapy with amatuximab and gemcitabine in liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Liver metastasis mouse models were established in 8-week-old male BALB/c nu/nu mice using the hemisplenic injection method. Tridaily amatuximab monotherapy or combination with gemcitabine was administered to the liver metastasis mouse model before metastatic lesions had formed huge masses. Gaussia luciferase-transfected AsPC-1 was used as a mesothelin-overexpressing pancreatic cancer cell line. The amount of liver metastases and the serum luciferase activity were significantly lower in the treatment groups than those in the control IgG group. Notably, the anti-tumor activity of gemcitabine was synergically enhanced by combination therapy with amatuximab. Furthermore, western blotting revealed that the high expression of phosphorylated c-Met and AKT in liver metastatic lesions treated with gemcitabine monotherapy was canceled by its combination with amatuximab. This result indicated that the observed synergic therapeutic effect may have occurred as a result of the inhibitory effect of amatuximab on the phosphorylation of c-Met and AKT, which were promoted by exposure to GEM. In conclusion, our study revealed that early administration of amatuximab alone or in combination with GEM significantly suppressed the liver metastases of mesothelin-expressing pancreatic cancer cells. A phase II clinical trial of amatuximab as part of an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for resected pancreatic cancer is expected.