bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial and ethnic disparities in access to minimally invasive gynecologic surgery for benign pathology
Authors: Barnes Whitney A. , Carter-Brooks Charelle M. , Wu Catherine Z. , Acosta Danilo A. , Vargas Maria V. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
To review current US literature and describe the extent, source, and impact of disparities that exist among Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) in surgical route and outcomes for hysterectomy, myomectomy, and endometriosis surgery.

Recent findings
Despite the nationwide trend toward minimally invasive surgery (MIS), BIPOC women are disproportionally less likely to undergo MIS hysterectomy and myomectomy and have higher rates of perioperative complications. African American women, in particular, receive significantly disparate care. Contemporary literature on the prevalence of endometriosis in BIPOC women is lacking. Further, there is little data on the racial and ethnic differences in endometriosis surgery access and outcomes.

Summary
Racial and ethnic disparities in access to minimally invasive gynecologic surgery for benign pathology exist and these differences are not fully accounted for by patient, socioeconomic, or healthcare infrastructure factors. Initiatives that incentivize hiring surgeons trained to perform complex gynecologic surgery, standardized pathways for route of surgery, quality improvement focused on increased hospital MIS volume, and hospital-based public reporting of MIS volume data may be of benefit for minimizing disparities. Further, initiatives to reduce disparities need to address racism, implicit bias, and healthcare structural issues that perpetuate disparities.
Evaluating the prediction accuracy of the Hill-RBF 3.0 formula using a heteroscedastic statistical method
Authors: Tsessler Maria , Cohen Shir , Wang Li , Koch Douglas D. , Zadok David , Abulafia Adi 
Published: May 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the accuracy of the Hill-RBF 3 formula, with and without direct measurements of total corneal power, using a heteroscedastic statistical method for analysis.

Setting:
Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Design:
Retrospective, consecutive case series.

Methods:
Records of consecutive patients who underwent routine cataract surgery between February 2018 and June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The prediction accuracy of the Hill-RBF 3.0 formula was compared with that of the Barrett Universal II, Emmetropia Verifying Optical 2.0, Haigis, Hill-RBF 2.0, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, Kane, Olsen, and SRK/T formulas, based on biometry measurements by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) with standard keratometry (K), SS-OCT with total keratometry (TK), and an optical low-coherence reflectometer (OLCR). Statistical analysis was applied according to a heteroscedastic statistical method with SD of prediction errors as the main parameter for formula performance.

Results:
The study included 153 eyes of 153 patients. The SD values that were obtained by Hill-RBF 3.0 (0.266 to 0.285 diopters [D]) were significantly lower compared with those by Hill-RBF 2.0 (0.290 to 0.309 D), Hoffer Q (0.387 to 0.407 D), Holladay 1 (0.367 to 0.385 D), Holladay 2 (0.386 to 0.401 D), and SRK/T (0.377 to 0.399 D) formulas (P < .036). The prediction accuracy of the Hill-RBF 3.0 was similar across the SS-OCT (K), SS-OCT (TK), and OLCR methods of measurement (P > .51).

Conclusions:
The Hill-RBF 3.0 was more accurate than the Hill-RBF 2.0 and older generation formulas and had similar prediction accuracy compared with new generation formulas. The use of TK did not provide significant improvement to its prediction accuracy.
Organizational Justice and Cognitive Failures in Japanese Employees
Authors: Inoue Akiomi , Eguchi Hisashi , Kachi Yuko , Tsutsumi Akizumi 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
We examined the association of organizational justice (ie, procedural justice and interactional justice) with cognitive failures, and the mediation effect of psychological distress on this association in Japanese employees.

Methods:
A total of 189 men and 35 women from two sites of a manufacturing company in Japan were surveyed using a self-administered web-based questionnaire. A multiple mediation analysis was conducted.

Results:
A significant negative total effect of procedural justice on cognitive failures was observed (c = −0.180 [95% confidence interval: −0.315 to −0.044]). Furthermore, the mediation effect of psychological distress was significant (c–c′ = −0.213 [95% confidence interval: −0.323 to −0.115]). Similar patterns were observed for interactional justice.

Conclusions:
Employees may be more likely to experience cognitive failures in daily activities in work settings where organizational justice is lower, which seems to be explained by psychological distress.
Comparing Vestibule Examination Techniques: Light Touch, Serial Forces, and the Lidocaine Test
Authors: Stenson Amy L. , Leclair Catherine M. , Goetsch Martha F. 
Published: May 2021

Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare techniques and pain scales that assess tenderness in the vulvar vestibule in provoked vestibulodynia, using the cotton swab test and a vulvalgesiometer, and assess topical lidocaine solution with each.

Materials and Methods
This randomized study at a specialty vulvar clinic evaluated tender vestibules of reproductive-aged women with vestibulodynia using light rolling cotton swab touch at 6 sites and evaluated the vulvalgesiometer at 2 sites, randomizing the order of the initial tool. Participants reported pain using the Numerical Rating Scale 0–10 and the Verbal Pain Scale 0–3. With the vulvalgesiometer, the pain tolerance threshold was measured using forces of 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 g. After both initial tests, lidocaine 4% topical solution was applied for 3 minutes, and the swab test and vulvalgesiometer were repeated in the order initially performed, constituting the lidocaine test. Data analysis used t tests, Fisher exact tests, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and Spearman rank correlation.

Results
Sixteen patients completed the study, 8 starting with each instrument. Light swab touch evoked significant pain, and lidocaine reduced pain to zero or mild levels. The pain threshold was 25 g, and only 38% could tolerate testing past 100 g without lidocaine. The Verbal Pain Scale correlated well with the Numerical Rating Scale.

Conclusions
Light rolling cotton swab touch using the 4-item verbal scale can map vestibulodynia tenderness that can be extinguished by lidocaine, consistent with distinguishing a mucosal condition. Forces by vulvalgesiometer of greater than 100–200 g may evoke pain other than mucosal allodynia.
Mycophenolate Mofetil Hepatotoxicity Associated With Mitochondrial Abnormality in Liver Transplant Recipients and Mice
Authors: Warren Mikako , Mitsinikos Tania , Yanni George , Sasaki Mika , Sasaki Atsuo T. , Thomas Dan 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a widely used immunosuppressive agent. MMF hepatotoxicity has been reported in non-transplant and renal transplant patients with minimal histologic description. This is the first study describing detailed histology and ultrastructure of MMF hepatotoxicity.

Methods:
Four liver-transplant recipients (Cases 1–4) were suspected to have MMF hepatotoxicity. Cases 1–3 (two females and one male; 4–17 years) had multiple biopsies for liver function test (LFT) abnormalities. Case 4 (female; 16 years) had a surveillance biopsy. Electron-microscopic examination (EM) was requested on Cases 1–3 for unexplained, persistent LFT elevation and histologic abnormalities despite therapy and Case 4 for unexplained histologic abnormalities despite a stable clinical course. To confirm the pathologic changes in the human allografts, livers from MMF-treated and untreated mice were also reviewed.

Results:
While the allograft biopsies showed nonspecific histologic changes, EM revealed unequivocal mitochondrial abnormalities similar to those seen in primary and secondary mitochondrial disorders. In Cases 1 and 2, LFTs improved after stopping and reducing MMF, respectively. In Case 3, pre- and post-MMF treatment biopsies were performed and only the post-MMF biopsy demonstrated mitochondrial abnormalities. Mitochondrial abnormality in Case 4 was subclinical. The mouse study confirmed that MMF caused various stress changes in the mitochondria; number of mitochondria/cell (mean ± standard deviation; untreated group: 58.25 ± 8.426; MMF-treated group: 76.37 ± 18.66), number of lipid droplets/cell (untreated: 0.9691 ± 1.150; MMF-treated: 3.649 ± 4.143) and sizes of mitochondria (μm, untreated: 0.8550 ± 0.3409; MMF-treated: 0.9598 ± 0.5312) were significantly increased in hepatocytes in the MMF-treated mice compared with the untreated mice (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Although MMF is safe for the majority of patients, MMF can cause mitochondrial stress, which may trigger more severe mitochondrial abnormalities in a small subset. MMF hepatotoxicity should be considered for MMF-treated patients with unexplained, persistent LFT abnormalities and nonspecific histologic findings. EM should be requested for these cases.
Factors Affecting Selenium Status in Infants on Parenteral Nutrition Therapy
Authors: Rao Anita , Jericho Hilary , Patton Tiffany , Sriram Sudhir , Hebert Taylor , Weinstein Dana , Pompeii-Wolfe Cecelia , Wroblewski Kristen , Sentongo Timothy 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Selenium is an essential micronutrient that must be supplemented in infants and young children on exclusive parenteral nutrition (PN). We examined selenium status and clinical factors associated with a deficiency in infants on PN.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients receiving PN with routine monitoring of selenium status. Deficiency was diagnosed using age-based norms of plasma selenium status. Associations between selenium deficiency and the following clinical factors were examined: birthweight status: extremely low birthweight (ELBW) versus very low birthweight (VLBW) versus low birthweight (LBW) versus normal birthweight (NBW), serum albumin status, presence of cholestasis, and co-administration of enteral feeds.

Results:
A total of 42 infants were included with gestational age [median (interquartile range)] 28 weeks (25,34). The prevalence of selenium deficiency was 80% and the prevalence of albumin deficiency was 87.5%. The odds of selenium deficiency were higher in ELBW infants (odds ratio = 17.84, 95% confidence interval [4.04–78.72], P < 0.001) and VLBW infants (odds ratio = 16.26, 95% confidence interval [1.96–135.04], P < 0.001) compared to NBW infants. The odds of selenium deficiency were 5-fold higher in patients with low serum albumin (odds ratio = 5.33, 95% confidence interval [1.39–20.42], P = 0.015). There were no associations seen between selenium status and presence of cholestasis or co-administration of enteral feeds.

Conclusion:
In this cohort of infants on PN therapy, the main clinical factors associated with selenium deficiency were presence of hypoalbuminemia and history of ELBW or VLBW. These findings support dual measurement of serum albumin and serum selenium to improve interpretation of selenium status.
Investigation of the Orbital Arterial Distribution Using Image Superimposition to Determine Safe Zones for Retrobulbar Injection and to Prevent Filler Complications
Authors: Shin Hyun-Jin , Lee Shin-Hyo , Park Jung-Ah , Koh Ki-Seok , Song Wu-Chul 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Retrobulbar filler injection has recently been considered an ideal method for orbital volume enhancement due to its nontoxic, easily reversible, and noninvasive characteristics. This study determined the arterial distribution in the orbit with the aim of defining a safety zone for retrobulbar filler injections used to enhance the orbital volume.

Methods:
Twenty-seven orbits of 24 formalin-embalmed cadavers were dissected. The orbital arteries were identified after removal of the eyeball, extraocular muscles, and connective tissues. The course of each orbital artery was then recorded in each specimen, and all of the courses were then superimposed to determine the arterial distribution in the orbit.

Results:
The superimposition of lined images based on the orbital vasculature of each specimen revealed that the arterial density was highest in the superonasal region and lowest in the inferotemporal region. In particular, orbital arteries were scarce at 8 o’clock and 4 o’clock in the right and left orbits, respectively, and an artery-free zone was demonstrated in the outer part of those directions.

Conclusions:
When performing a transcutaneous retrobulbar injection of filler for orbital volume enhancement, the relative safety zone could be considered to be located at 8 o’clock and 4 o’clock in the right and left orbits, respectively. The detailed topographic information about the arterial distribution in the orbit, provided by the present study, may help oculofacial surgeons to avoid injury to major vessels and decrease the risk of retrobulbar hemorrhage and vision-threatening complications.
Sensibility, Sensation, and Nerve Regeneration after Reconstructive Genital Surgery: Evolving Concepts in Neurobiology
Authors: Calotta Nicholas A. , Kuzon William , Dellon A. Lee , Monstrey Stan , Coon Devin 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Sensory recovery following phalloplasty and vaginoplasty for gender dysphoria is essential to the overall success of gender-confirming surgery. Anecdotal evidence suggests that superior reinnervation results are seen in genitoplasty compared to other peripheral nerve repair scenarios. Despite these observed differences, the quality of available literature is poor.

Methods:
The authors reviewed the body of English language literature regarding sensory outcomes following genitoplasty for gender confirmation.

Results:
The available body of literature discussing the basic science and clinical science aspects of sensory recovery following gender-confirming genitoplasty is small. Available data show that sensory recovery following vaginoplasty produces high rates of reported orgasmic ability, largely through the neoclitoris, and a neovagina with vibratory and pressure sensation similar to that of the native vagina. Phalloplasty sensory outcomes are variable, with the largest series reporting return of sensation in the neophallus that is slightly less than what is measured in control men. Erogenous sensation, including the ability to orgasm, is present in nearly all patients after several months.

Conclusions:
Existing series indicate that genitoplasty patients experience faster and more complete recovery than any other peripheral nerve regeneration scenarios. However, there are many potential confounding factors in assessment and reporting, and more consistent and reproducible measure endpoints measures are needed. Further research is needed to better understand both the basic science and clinical science of peripheral nerve regeneration in genitoplasty, which may change fundamental aspects of current paradigms of peripheral nerve regeneration.
Applying Principles of Breast Revision to Managing Aesthetic Patients with Textured Implants
Authors: Gabriel Allen , O’Rorke Erin , Maxwell G. Patrick 
Published: May 2021

Summary:
Textured breast implants have garnered increased attention recently because of their risk of breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), an uncommon and treatable type of T-cell lymphoma. Treatment involves bilateral en bloc capsulectomy, which is curative in the majority of cases. At present, there is no defined management approach for aesthetic patients asymptomatic for BIA-ALCL requesting the removal of their textured implants, particularly as it relates to the management of the capsule. It is unclear if en bloc capsulectomy is necessary in these patients as it is in patients with BIA-ALCL. In the absence of clear guidance on the management of the capsule in asymptomatic patients, the basic principles of breast revision surgery can be applied to these patients.
Revisional Breast Surgery: Are Surgical Plans Changed if the Patient Has a Textured Device?
Authors: Nava Maurizio , De Vita Roy , Catanuto Giuseppe , Tunesi Gianfranco , Rocco Nicola 
Published: May 2021

Summary:
The authors reviewed the available evidence on revision surgery following implant-based breast surgery with the aim of investigating whether any difference in the surgical approach should be proposed if the patient has a textured device. They included in their review 31 studies presenting different approaches for revision surgery following implant-based breast surgery (both aesthetic and reconstructive), with a level of evidence ranging from 4 to 5. None of the included studies proposed different surgical approaches for revision surgery in patients carrying textured devices. The authors conclude that no different surgical attitudes in revision surgery following implant-based breast surgery should be adopted if the patient has a textured device according to the available evidence, when a correct approach is performed to face the complication or adverse event, following a thorough preoperative study of the patient with the proper diagnostic tools.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva using tailed amplicon sequencing
Authors: Garoutte Aaron , Santiago-Rodriguez Tasha M. , Fehling Heather L. , Iwasiow Rafal 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe most recent virus from the Coronaviridae family infecting humans, SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in a global pandemic. As part of the surveillance efforts, SARS-CoV-2 genomes are increasingly being made publicly available. Methods that include both short- and long-read sequencing have been used to elucidate SARS-CoV-2 genomes; however, many of these untargeted approaches may require deeper sequencing for greater genome coverage. For this reason, sequence capture or amplicon-based approaches for SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing have been developed. The present study evaluated a modified sequence capture approach, namely, tailed amplicon sequencing, to determine SARS-CoV-2 near complete genome sequences from the saliva of infected individuals. Particularly, the suitability of saliva samples stored at room temperature using OMNIgene®•ORAL OME-505 was evaluated. The tailed amplicon sequencing approach poses the additional advantage of being a cost-effective method for library preparation. Different known SARS-CoV-2 variants were identified across the infected subjects, with an average of > 99.4% genome coverage. This methodology also enabled robust genomic surveillance using phylogenetic analyses. The present study supports the suitability of saliva stored at room temperature using collection devices for SARS-CoV-2 variant detection. Importantly, the present study supports the use of tailed amplicon sequencing approaches as an alternative, cost-effective method for SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva for genomic surveillance.
Intersections between copper, β-arrestin-1, calcium, FBXW7, CD17, insulin resistance and atherogenicity mediate depression and anxiety due to type 2 diabetes mellitus: a nomothetic network approach
Authors: Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem , Hadi Hadi Hassan , Jawad Ghoufran Akeel , Maes Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently accompanied by affective disorders with a prevalence of comorbid depression of around 25%. Nevertheless, the biomarkers of affective symptoms including depression and anxiety due to T2DM are not well established.AimsThis study was conducted to delineate the serum biomarkers predicting affective symptoms due to T2DM above and beyond the effects of insulin resistance and atherogenicity.MethodsThe present study delineated the effects of serum levels of copper, zinc, β-arrestin-1, FBXW7, lactosylceramide (LacCer), serotonin, albumin, calcium, magnesium, IR and atherogenicity on severity of depression and anxiety in 58 men with T2DM and 30 healthy male controls. Severity of affective symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety rating scales.ResultsWe found that 61.7% of the variance in affective symptoms was explained by the multivariate regression on copper, β-arrestin-1, calcium, and insulin resistance coupled with atherogenicity, while 44.4% of the variance in the latter was explained by copper, β-arrestin-1, LacCer (all positively) and calcium and FBXW7 (both negatively). Copper and LacCer (positive) and calcium and BXW7 (inverse) had significant specific indirect effects on affective symptoms which were mediated by insulin resistance and atherogenicity. Copper, β-arrestin-1, and calcium were associated with affective symptoms above and beyond the effects of insulin resistance and atherogenicity.DiscussionT2DM and affective symptoms share common pathways namely increased atherogenicity, insulin resistance, copper, and β-arrestin-1, and lowered calcium, whereas copper, β-arrestin-1, calcium, LacCer, and FBXW7 may modulate depression and anxiety symptoms by affecting T2DM.
RT-qPCR half reaction optimization for the detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wink Priscila Lamb , Volpato Fabiana , de Lima-Morales Daiana , Paiva Rodrigo Minuto , Willig Julia Biz , Bock Hugo , de Paris Fernanda , Luís Barth Afonso 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe main laboratory test for the diagnosis of COVID-19 is the reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). However, the RT-qPCR is an expensive method due to the number of tests required.OBJECTIVESTo evaluate an alternative RT-qPCR approach for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 sing half of the total volume currently recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.METHODSThe analytical limit of detection (LoD) and the reaction efficiency using half volumes of RT-qPCR assay were evaluated for both the N1 and N2 regions by using a synthetic control RNA. A panel of 76 SARS-CoV-2-positive and 26 SARS-CoV-2-negative clinical samples were evaluated to establish the clinical sensitivity and specificity.FINDINGSThe RT-qPCR assay efficiency was 105% for both the half and standard reactions considering the N2 target and 84% (standard) and 101% (half) for N1. The RT-qPCR half reaction LoD for N1 and N2 were 20 and 80 copies/µL, respectively. Clinical sensitivity and specificity were 100%. The half reaction presented a decrease of up to 5.5 cycle thresholds when compared with the standard RT-qPCR.CONCLUSIONSThe use of RT-qPCR half reaction proved to be a feasible and economic strategy for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.SponsorshipThis work was supported by FAPERGS (20/2551-0000265-9) and by Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa e Eventos do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (FIPE/HCPA) (Project no. 2020-0163).