bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sevoflurane Exerts Protective Effects in Murine Peritonitis-induced Sepsis via Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1α/Adenosine A2B Receptor Signaling
Authors: Ngamsri Kristian-Christos , Fabian Friederike , Fuhr Anika , Gamper-Tsigaras Jutta , Straub Andreas , Fecher David , Steinke Maria , Walles Heike , Reutershan Jörg , Konrad Franziska M. 
Published: April 2021

Background
Sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality in intensive care units, and sedation in the intensive care unit during sepsis is usually performed intravenously. The inhalative anesthetic sevoflurane has been shown to elicit protective effects in various inflammatory studies, but its role in peritonitis-induced sepsis remains elusive. The hypothesis was that sevoflurane controls the neutrophil infiltration by stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and elevated adenosine A2B receptor expression.

Methods
In mouse models of zymosan- and fecal-induced peritonitis, male mice were anesthetized with sevoflurane (2 volume percent, 30 min) after the onset of inflammation. Control animals received the solvent saline. The neutrophil counts and adhesion molecules on neutrophils in the peritoneal lavage of wild-type, adenosine A2B receptor −/−, and chimeric animals were determined by flow cytometry 4 h after stimulation. Cytokines and protein release were determined in the lavage. Further, the adenosine A2B receptor and its transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis 4 h after stimulation.

Results
Sevoflurane reduced the neutrophil counts in the peritoneal lavage (mean ± SD, 25 ± 17 × 105
vs. 12 ± 7 × 105 neutrophils; P = 0.004; n = 19/17) by lower expression of various adhesion molecules on neutrophils of wild-type animals but not of adenosine A2B receptor −/− animals. The cytokines concentration (means ± SD, tumor necrosis factor α [pg/ml], 523 ± 227 vs. 281 ± 101; P = 0.002; n = 9/9) and protein extravasation (mean ± SD [mg/ml], 1.4 ± 0.3 vs. 0.8 ± 0.4; P = 0.002; n = 12/11) were also lower after sevoflurane only in the wild-type mice. Chimeric mice showed the required expression of the adenosine A2B receptor on the hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments for the protective effects of the anesthetic. Sevoflurane induced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and adenosine A2B receptor in the intestine, liver, and lung.

Conclusions
Sevoflurane exerts various protective effects in two murine peritonitis-induced sepsis models. These protective effects were linked with a functional adenosine A2B receptor.

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Applying a Nursing Perspective to Address the Challenges Experienced by Cisgender Women in the HIV Status Neutral Care Continuum: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Bond Keosha T. , Chandler Rasheeta , Chapman-Lambert Crystal , Jemmott Lorretta Sweet , Lanier Yzette , Cao Jiepin , Nikpour Jacqueline , Randolph Schenita D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The field of HIV research has grown over the past 40 years, but there remains an urgent need to address challenges that cisgender women living in the United States experience in the HIV neutral status care continuum, particularly among women such as Black women, who continue to be disproportionately burdened by HIV due to multiple levels of systemic oppression. We used a social ecological framework to provide a detailed review of the risk factors that drive the women's HIV epidemic. By presenting examples of effective approaches, best clinical practices, and identifying existing research gaps in three major categories (behavioral, biomedical, and structural), we provide an overview of the current state of research on HIV prevention among women. To illustrate a nursing viewpoint and take into account the diverse life experiences of women, we provide guidance to strengthen current HIV prevention programs. Future research should examine combined approaches for HIV prevention, and policies should be tailored to ensure that women receive effective services that are evidence-based and which they perceive as important to their lives.
Large university with high COVID-19 incidence did not increase risk to non-student population
Authors: Bharti Nita , Lambert Brian , Exten Cara , Faust Christina , Ferrari Matt , Robinson Anthony 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLarge US colleges and universities that re-opened campuses in the fall of 2020 and the spring of 2021 experienced high per capita rates of COVID-19. Returns to campus were controversial because they posed a risk to the surrounding communities. A large university in Pennsylvania that returned to in-person instruction in the fall of 2020 and spring of 2021 reported high incidence of COVID-19 among students. However, the co-located non-student resident population in the county experienced fewer COVID-19 cases per capita than reported in neighboring counties. Activity patterns from mobile devices indicate that the non-student resident population near the university restricted their movements during the pandemic more than residents of neighboring counties. Preventing cases in student and non-student populations requires different, specifically targeted strategies.
An Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Diagnostic Platform for Rapid Near-Patient Hematology
Authors: Bachar Neta , Benbassat Dana , Brailovsky David , Eshel Yochay , Glück Dan , Levner Daniel , Levy Sarah , Pecker Sharon , Yurkovsky Evgeny , Zait Amir , Sever Cordelia , Kratz Alexander , Brugnara Carlo 
Published: April 2021

Hematology analyzers capable of performing complete blood count (CBC) have lagged in their prevalence at the point-of-care. Sight OLO® (Sight Diagnostics, Israel) is a novel hematological platform which provides a 19 parameter, five-part differential CBC, and is designed to address the limitations in current point-of-care hematology analyzers using recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision. Accuracy, repeatability, and flagging capabilities of OLO were compared with the Sysmex XN-Series System (Sysmex, Japan). Matrix studies compared performance using venous, capillary and direct-from-finger-prick blood samples. Regression analysis shows strong concordance between OLO and the Sysmex XN, demonstrating that OLO performs with high accuracy for all CBC parameters. High repeatability and reproducibility were demonstrated for most of the testing parameters. The analytical performance of the OLO hematology analyzer was validated in a multicenter clinical laboratory setting, demonstrating its accuracy and comparability to clinical laboratory-based hematology analyzers. Furthermore, the study demonstrated the validity of CBC analysis of samples collected directly from fingerpricks.One Sentence SummaryWe present a novel diagnostic platform based on artificial intelligence-assisted image analysis that is capable of performing rapid complete blood count from venous, capillary, and finger-prick samples in near-patient settings.
Affordable and time-effective high throughput screening of SARS-CoV-2 variants using Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis
Authors: Turba Maria Elena , Mion Domenico , Papadimitriou Stavros , Taddei Francesca , Dirani Giorgio , Sambri Vittorio , Gentilini Fabio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionMutations in the receptor binding domain (RBD) region of SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to impact the infectivity, pathogenicity and transmissibility of new variants of concern (VOC). Even more worrisome, those mutations have the potential of causing immune escape, undermining the population immunity induced by ongoing mass vaccination programs.Gap statementThe massive parallel sequencing techniques have taken a lead role in the detection strategies of the new variants. Nevertheless, they are still cumbersome and labour-demanding. There is an urgent need for novel strategies and techniques aimed at the surveillance of the active emergence and spread of the VOC.AimThe aim of this study was to provide a quick, cheap and straightforward Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (DHPLC) method for the prompt identification of the SARS-CoV-2 VOC.MethodologyTwo PCRs were designed to target the RBD region, spanning residues N417 through N501 of the Spike protein. Furthermore, a DHPLC screening analysis was set up. The screening consisted of mixing the unknown sample with a standard sample of a known variant, denaturing at high temperature, renaturing at room temperature followed by a 2-minute run using the WAVE DHPLC system to detect the heteroduplexes which invariably originate whenever the unknown sample has a nucleotide difference with respect to the standard used.ResultsThe workflow was able to readily detect new variants including the P.1, the B.1.585 and the B.1. 617.2 lineages at a very affordable cost. The DHPLC analysis was robust being able to identify variants even in case of samples with very unbalanced target concentration including those samples at the limit of detection.ConclusionsThis approach has the potential of greatly expediting surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Estimating local outbreak risks and the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions in age-structured populations: SARS-CoV-2 as a case study
Authors: Lovell-Read Francesca A. , Shen Silvia , Thompson Robin N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) including school closures, workplace closures and social distancing policies have been employed worldwide to reduce transmission and prevent local outbreaks. However, transmission and the effectiveness of NPIs depend strongly on age-related factors including heterogeneities in contact patterns and pathophysiology. Here, using SARS-CoV-2 as a case study, we develop a branching process model for assessing the risk that an infectious case arriving in a new location will initiate a local outbreak, accounting for the age distribution of the host population. We show that the risk of a local outbreak depends on the age of the index case, and we explore the effects of NPIs targeting individuals of different ages. Social distancing policies that reduce contacts outside of schools and workplaces and target individuals of all ages are predicted to reduce local outbreak risks substantially, whereas school closures have a more limited impact. In the scenarios considered here, when different NPIs are used in combination the risk of local outbreaks can be eliminated. We also show that heightened surveillance of infectious individuals reduces the level of NPIs required to prevent local outbreaks, particularly if enhanced surveillance of symptomatic cases is combined with efforts to find and isolate nonsymptomatic infected individuals. Our results reflect real-world experience of the COVID-19 pandemic, during which combinations of intense NPIs have reduced transmission and the risk of local outbreaks. The general modelling framework that we present can be used to estimate local outbreak risks during future epidemics of a range of pathogens, accounting fully for age-related factors.
Massively Multiplexed Affinity Characterization of Therapeutic Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Authors: Engelhart Emily , Lopez Randolph , Emerson Ryan , Lin Charles , Shikany Colleen , Guion Daniel , Kelley Mary , Younger David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAntibody therapies represent a valuable tool to reduce COVID-19 deaths and hospitalizations. Multiple antibody candidates have been granted emergency use authorization by the FDA and many more are in clinical trials. Most antibody therapies for COVID-19 are engineered to bind to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and disrupt its interaction with ACE2. Notably, several SARS-CoV-2 strains have accrued mutations throughout the RBD that improve ACE2 binding affinity, enhance viral transmission, and escape some existing antibody therapies. Here, we measure the binding affinity of 33 therapeutic antibodies against a large panel of SARS-CoV-2 variants and related strains of clinical significance to determine epitopic residues, determine which mutations result in loss of binding, and predict how future RBD variants may impact antibody efficacy.One-Sentence SummaryBy measuring protein binding in vitro, we identify which clinical antibodies retain binding to various mutant SARS-CoV-2 strains.
Regulation and impact of cardiac lymphangiogenesis in pressure-overload-induced heart failure
Authors: Heron C , Dumesnil A , Houssari M , Renet S , Lebon A , Godefroy D , Schapman D , Henri O , Riou G , Nicol L , Henry JP , Pieronne-Deperrois M , Ouvrard-Pascaud A , Hägerling R , Chiavelli H , Michel JB , Mulder P , Fraineau S , Richard V , Tardif V , Brakenhielm E 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRationaleLymphatics are essential for cardiac health, and insufficient lymphatic expansion (lymphangiogenesis) contributes to development of heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction. However, the regulation and impact of lymphatics in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy induced by pressure-overload remains to be determined.ObjectiveInvestigate cardiac lymphangiogenesis following transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in adult male or female C57Bl/6J or Balb/c mice, and in patients with end-stage HF.Methods & ResultCardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography, and cardiac hypertrophy, lymphatics, inflammation, edema, and fibrosis by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, microgravimetry, and gene expression analysis, respectively. Treatment with neutralizing anti-VEGFR3 antibodies was applied to inhibit cardiac lymphangiogenesis in mice.The gender- and strain-dependent mouse cardiac hypertrophic response to TAC, especially increased ventricular wall stress, led to lymphatic expansion in the heart. Our experimental findings that ventricular dilation triggered cardiac lymphangiogenesis was mirrored by observations in clinical HF samples, with increased lymphatic density found in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Surprisingly, the striking lymphangiogenesis observed post-TAC in Balb/c mice, linked to increased cardiac Vegfc, did not suffice to resolve myocardial edema, and animals progressed to dilated cardiomyopathy and HF. Conversely, selective inhibition of the essentially Vegfd-driven capillary lymphangiogenesis observed post-TAC in male C57Bl/6J mice did not significantly aggravate cardiac edema. However, cardiac immune cell levels were increased, notably myeloid cells at 3 weeks and T lymphocytes at 8 weeks. Moreover, while the TAC-triggered development of interstitial cardiac fibrosis was unaffected by anti-VEGFR3, inhibition of lymphangiogenesis increased perivascular fibrosis and accelerated the development of left ventricular dilation and cardiac dysfunction.ConclusionsWe demonstrate for the first time that endogenous cardiac lymphangiogenesis limits pressure-overload-induced cardiac inflammation and perivascular fibrosis, thus delaying HF development. While these findings remain to be confirmed in a larger study of HF patients, we propose that under settings of pressure-overload poor cardiac lymphangiogenesis may accelerate HF development.
Microbiota links to neural dynamics supporting threat processing
Authors: Hall Caitlin V. , Harrison Ben J. , Iyer Kartik K. , Savage Hannah S. , Zakrzewski Martha , Simms Lisa A. , Radford-Smith Graham , Moran Rosalyn J. , Cocchi Luca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is growing recognition that the composition of the gut microbiota influences behaviour, including responses to threat. The cognitive-interoceptive appraisal of threat-related stimuli relies on dynamic neural computations between the anterior insular (AIC) and the dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) cortices. If, to what extent, and how microbial consortia influence the activity of this cortical threat processing circuitry is unclear. We addressed this question by combining a threat processing task, neuroimaging, 16S rRNA profiling, and computational modelling in healthy participants. Results showed interactions between high-level ecological indices with threat-related AIC-dACC neural dynamics. At finer taxonomic resolutions, the abundance ofRuminococcuswas differentially linked to connectivity between, and activity within the AIC and dACC during threat updating. Functional inference analysis provides a strong rationale to motivate future investigations of microbiota-derived metabolites in the observed relationship with threat-related brain processes.
Development of a transboundary model of livestock disease in Europe
Authors: Bradhurst Richard , Garner Graeme , Hóvári Márk , de la Puente Maria , Mintiens Koen , Yadav Shankar , Federici Tiziano , Kopacka Ian , Stockreiter Simon , Kuzmanova Ivanka , Paunov Samuil , Cacinovic Vladimir , Rubin Martina , Szilágyi Jusztina , Kókány Zsófia Szepesiné , Santi Annalisa , Sordilli Marco , Sighinas Laura , Spiridon Mihaela , Potocnik Marko , Sumption Keith 
Published: April 2021

SummaryEpidemiological models of notifiable livestock disease are typically framed at a national level and targeted for specific diseases. There are inherent difficulties in extending models beyond national borders as details of the livestock population, production systems and marketing systems of neighbouring countries are not always readily available. It can also be a challenge to capture heterogeneities in production systems, control policies, and response resourcing across multiple countries, in a single transboundary model.In this paper we describe EuFMDiS, a continental-scale modelling framework for transboundary animal disease, specifically designed to support emergency animal disease planning in Europe. EuFMDiS simulates the spread of livestock disease within and between countries and allows control policies to be enacted and resourced on per-country basis. It provides a sophisticated decision support tool that can be used to look at the risk of disease introduction, establishment and spread; control approaches in terms of effectiveness and costs; resource management; and post-outbreak management issues.
Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection over six months among Nicaraguan outpatients
Authors: González Fredman , Zepeda Omar , Toval-Ruiz Christian , Matute Armando , Vanegas Hernan , Munguia Nancy , Centeno Edwing , Reyes Yaoska , Svensson Lennart , Nordgren Johan , de Silva Aravinda M. , Becker-Dreps Sylvia , Premkumar Lakshmanane , Bucardo Filemón 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTNew information is emerging about SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology and immunity, but little of this information comes from low- and middle-income countries or from patients receiving care in the outpatient setting. The current study investigated the SARS-CoV-2 infection status and antibody responses in 157 patients seeking care for a respiratory disease suggestive of COVID-19 in private healthcare clinics during the first wave (June–October 2020) of infections in Nicaragua. We examined nasal swabs for the presence of viral RNA via RT-PCR and longitudinally collected sera for the changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibody levels over six months. Among patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, we evaluated if clinical symptoms were associated with age, hematological parameters and co-morbidities. The combination of PCR and paired serology identified 60 (38%) of the 157 outpatients as acute COVID-19. While both PCR and serology identified the majority (n = 38, 64%) of the acute infections, a notable number of outpatients were identified by RT-qPCR (n = 13, 22%) or by serology (n = 9, 14%) only. During the longitudinal study, we identified 6 new infections by serology among the 97 non-COVID-19 subjects. In conclusion, this study report that more than one third of the outpatients seeking care for acute respiratory disease during the first epidemic wave of SARS-CoV-2 in Nicaragua had an acute mild COVID-19 infection that correlate with prolonged humoral response. This immune response to the RBD antigen, more likely IgG dependent, significantly increased between the acute to convalescent and decay in the late convalescent but still remained seropositive.
Human interictal epileptiform discharges are bidirectional traveling waves echoing ictal discharges
Authors: Smith Elliot H , Liou Jyun-You , Merricks Edward M , Davis Tyler S , Thomson Kyle , Greger Bradley , House Paul A , Emerson Ronald G , Goodman Robert R , McKhann Guy M , Sheth Sameer A , Schevon Catherine A , Rolston John D 
Published: April 2021

SummaryInterictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), also known as interictal spikes, are large intermittent electrophysiological events observed between seizures in patients with epilepsy. Though they occur far more often than seizures, IEDs are less studied, and their relationship to seizures remains unclear. To better understand this relationship, we examined multi-day recordings of microelectrode arrays implanted in human epilepsy patients, allowing us to precisely observe the spatiotemporal propagation of IEDs, spontaneous seizures, and how they relate. These recordings showed that the majority of IEDs are traveling waves, traversing the same path as ictal discharges during seizures, and with a fixed direction relative to seizure propagation. Moreover, the majority of IEDs, like ictal discharges, were bidirectional, with one predominant and a second, less frequent antipodal direction. These results reveal a fundamental spatiotemporal similarity between IEDs and ictal discharges. These results also imply that most IEDs arise in brain tissue outside the site of seizure onset and propagate toward it, indicating that the propagation of IEDs provides useful information for localizing the seizure focus.
A re-analysis of the data in Sharkey et al.’s (2021) minimalist revision reveals that BINs do not deserve names, but BOLD Systems needs a stronger commitment to open science
Authors: Meier Rudolf , Blaimer Bonnie B. , Buenaventura Eliana , Hartop Emily , von Rintelen Thomas , Srivathsan Amrita , Yeo Darren 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHalting biodiversity decline is one of the most critical challenges for humanity, but monitoring biodiversity is hampered by taxonomic impediments. One impediment is the large number of undescribed species (here called “dark taxon impediment”) while another is caused by the large number of superficial species descriptions which can only be resolved by consulting type specimens (“superficial description impediment”). Recently, Sharkey et al. (2021) proposed to address the dark taxon impediment for Costa Rican braconid wasps by describing 403 species based on barcode clusters (“BINs”) computed by BOLD Systems. More than 99% of the BINs (387 of 390) are converted into species by assigning binominal names (e.g., BIN “BOLD:ACM9419” becomesBracon federicomatarritai) and adding a minimal diagnosis (usually consisting only of a consensus barcode). We here show that many of Sharkey et al.’s species are unstable when the underlying data are analyzed using different species delimitation algorithms. Add the insufficiently informative diagnoses, and many of these species will become the next “superficial description impediment” for braconid taxonomy because they will have to be tested and redescribed after obtaining sufficient evidence for confidently delimiting species. We furthermore show that Sharkey et al.’s approach of using consensus barcodes as diagnoses is not functional because it cannot be consistently applied. Lastly, we reiterate that COI alone is not suitable for delimiting and describing species and voice concerns over Sharkey et al.’s uncritical use of BINs because they are calculated by a proprietary algorithm (RESL) that uses a mixture of public and private data. We urge authors, reviewers, and editors to maintain high standards in taxonomy by only publishing new species that are rigorously delimited with open-access tools and supported by publicly available evidence.