bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary hormonal contraception and cervical cancer in women of reproductive age
Authors: Iversen Lisa , Fielding Shona , Lidegaard Øjvind , Hannaford Philip C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo determine cervical cancer risk associated with contemporary hormonal contraceptives, we conducted a cohort study of women aged 15 to 49 living in Denmark from 1995 to 2014, using routinely collected information about redeemed prescriptions, incident cancer and potential confounders. Poisson regression calculated adjusted cervical cancer risks among different contraceptive user groups by duration of use, time since last use, hormonal content and cancer histology. During >20 million person‐years, 3643 incident cervical cancers occurred. Ever users of any hormonal contraceptives compared to never users had a relative risk (RR) of 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10‐1.29). Increased risks were seen in current or recent users of any hormonal: RR 1.30 (95% CI 1.20‐1.42) and combined: RR 1.40 (95% CI 1.28‐1.53), but not progestin‐only contraception: RR 0.91 (95% CI 0.78‐1.07). Current or recent users of any hormonal contraception had an increased risk of both adenocarcinoma (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05‐1.60) and squamous cancer (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.19‐1.44). The risk pattern among any hormonal and combined contraceptive users generally increased with longer duration of use and declined after stopping, possibly taking longer to disappear among prolonged users. Combined products containing different progestins had similar risks. Approximately one extra cervical cancer occurred for every 14 700 women using combined contraceptives for 1 year. Most women in our study were not vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Our findings reinforce the urgent need for global interventions such as systematic screening, treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and HPV vaccination programmes to prevent cervical cancer, especially among users of combined contraceptives.
Water security on Java island*
Authors: Hasan Mohamad , Ridwan Dadang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSome places in Java are under pressure regarding their water supply mainly due to high‐density population within a limited area. More serious land subsidence has reached 1–20 cm/year in some areas due to over‐abstraction of deep ground water.To overcome water scarcity on Java, Indonesia built 24 dams with a total storage capacity of 2,150 million m3 for irrigation covering an area of 196,000 ha, thereby reducing flood volume to 5,010 m3/s, with an additional water supply of 29.0 m3/s and electricity power of 147 MW.The role of other stakeholders such as the farming community and the business and private sectors is that they need to take action to prepare innovative agricultural facilities, for example, to save water with high‐value crops. The application of micro‐irrigation with high‐value crops, which has been successful on pilot basis, has a great potential market in Java. The economic value of water is more than 100 times higher compared with conventional irrigation systems for lowland rice.
“The Door Was Always There”: Transnational Youth Leveraging Their Multiliteracies for Civic Justice
Authors: Thakurta Ankhi G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this practitioner research study, I explored how a pedagogy of multiliteracies supported the civic learning of eight middle and high school Indonesian American youth in a summer literacy program. Tracing how transnational youth face barriers to civic learning and engagement in times of rising inequality and xenophobia, I analyzed the ways in which program participants engaged with a curriculum featuring discussions of contemporary civic issues, transnational literary texts, and opportunities for expression. I found how, using their multiliteracies and border‐crossing lives as resources, participants critiqued systemic issues hidden in everyday interactions, expressed the tensions of claiming transnational identities, and repurposed academic literacies to argue for civic justice. I name the affordances of using multiliteracies‐oriented civic pedagogies that center the semiotic resources, identities, and experiences of transnational youth, as well as the civic openings that such learners themselves identify.
Continuity and Change? Reading Young Adult Literature Through a Technology‐Focused Critical Lens
Authors: Glazer Jeremy , Seglem Robyn , Garcia Antero 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article offers a way to leverage young adult literature in guiding students to consider the meanings of continuity and change within their own development. Borrowing theories of change from the evolutionary sciences, we developed a critical lens focusing on the role of technology in young adult literature. Based on a comprehensive review of Michael L. Printz Award and Honor titles and YALSA Teens’ Top Ten books from the past two decades, we identified how two theories of evolution, gradualism and punctuated equilibrium, offer a frame for interpreting young adult literature. Through an examination of the novels Asking for It by Louise O’Neill and Butter by Erin Jade Lange, we demonstrate how these theories can be used in the language arts classroom to enhance discussions about change brought on by technology to provoke deep, intertextual readings of young adult literature.
Engineered synthetic cell penetrating peptide with intracellular anti‐inflammatory bioactivity: An in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Lee Jue‐Yeon , Lee Dong Woo , Jo Beom Soo , Park Kwang‐Sook , Park Yoon Shin , Chung Chong Pyung , Park Yoon Jeong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVarious biomaterials have been used for bone and cartilage regeneration, and inflammation associated with biomaterial implantation is also increased. A 15‐mer synthetic anti‐inflammatory peptide (SAP15) was designed from human β‐defensin 3 to penetrate cells and induce intracellular downregulation of inflammation. The downregulation of inflammation was achieved by the binding of SAP15 to intracellular histone deacetylase (HDAC5). SAP15‐mediated inhibition of inflammation was examined in vitro and in vivo using murine macrophages, human articular chondrocytes, and a collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. Surface plasmon resonance and immunoprecipitation assays indicated that SAP15 binds to HDAC5. SAP15 inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced phosphorylation of intracellular HDAC5 and NF‐κB p65 in murine macrophages. SAP15 treatment increased aggrecan and type II collagen expression and decreased osteocalcin expression in LPS‐induced chondrocytes. Subcutaneous injection of SAP15‐loaded sodium hyaluronic acid (HA) solution significantly decreased hind paw swelling, joint inflammation, and serum cytokine levels in CIA rats compared with the effects of sodium HA solution alone. The SAP15‐loaded HA group exhibited preservation of cartilage and bone structure in CIA rat joints. Moreover, a more robust anti‐inflammatory effect of the SAP15 loaded HA was observed than that of etanercept (an anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐alpha [TNF‐α] antibody)‐loaded HA. These findings suggest that SAP15 has an anti‐inflammatory effect that is not controlled by sodium HA and is mediated by inhibiting HDAC5, unlike the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of etanercept. These results demonstrate that SAP15 is useful as an inflammatory regulator of biomaterials and can be developed as a therapeutic for the treatment of inflammation.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of corrosion characteristics of palladium–silver dental alloys
Authors: Sun Desheng , Frankel Gerald S. , Brantley William A. , Heshmati Reza H. , Johnston William M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been used to obtain insight into corrosion processes for three Pd–Ag alloys, and compare their behavior with an Au–Pd alloy. Five specimens of each alloy received clinically‐appropriate simulated porcelain‐firing heat treatment. EIS testing was performed at ambient temperature, using 0.09% NaCl, 0.9% NaCl and Fusayama solutions. EIS data are presented as Bode plots. At the open‐circuit potential (OCP), the data fit a modified Randles equivalent electrical circuit with a constant phase element (CPE), and the charge‐transfer resistance (RCT) and the two CPE parameters (CPE‐T and CPE‐P) were determined. The area‐normalized capacitance of the double layer (Cdl) was also calculated. The EIS data at two relevant elevated potentials in the passive range were also found to fit well a modified Randles equivalent circuit with different values for the charge transfer resistance and CPE parameters. At the OCP no significant effect on RCT was found for the alloys and electrolytes, and both alloy and electrolyte significantly affected CPE‐P. In vitro corrosion was controlled by charge transfer and charge accumulation processes, and the behavior differed at the elevated potentials compared to the OCP. Significant effects were found for alloy, electrolyte, and alloy/electrolyte interaction on Cdl at the OCP. The EIS parameters at elevated potentials indicate that the Pd–Ag alloys should have satisfactory clinical corrosion resistance. The EIS analyses yielded information about in vitro corrosion of these alloys that cannot be obtained from potentiodynamic polarization testing.
MicroRNAs in childhood nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Dhandapani Mohanapriya C. , Venkatesan Vettriselvi , Pricilla Charmine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has opened up new avenues of research to understand the molecular basis of a number of diseases. Because of their conservative feature in evolution and important role in the physiological function, microRNAs could be treated as predictors for disease classification and clinical process based on the specific expression. The identification of novel miRNAs and their target genes can be considered as potential targets for novel drugs. Furthermore, currently, the circulatory and urinary exosomal miRNAs are gaining increasing attention as their expression profiles are often associated with specific diseases, and they exhibit great potential as noninvasive or minimally invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of various diseases. The remarkable stability of these extracellular miRNAs circulating in the blood or excreted in the urine underscored their key importance as biomarkers of certain diseases. There is voluminous literature concerning the role of microRNAs in other diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, and so forth. However, little is known about their diagnostic ability for the pediatric nephrotic syndrome (NS). The present review article highlights the recent advances in the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and molecular basis of NS with an aim to bring new insights into further research applications for the development of new therapeutic agents for NS.
Changes in gill and air‐breathing organ characteristics during the transition from water‐ to air‐breathing in juvenile Arapaima gigas
Authors: Frommel Andrea Y. , Kwan Garfield T. , Prime Kaelan J. , Tresguerres Martin , Lauridsen Henrik , Val Adalberto L. , Gonçalves Ligia U. , Brauner Colin J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe obligate air‐breathing Amazonian fish, Arapaima gigas, hatch as water‐breathing larvae but with development, they modify their swim bladder to an air‐breathing organ (ABO) while reducing their gill filaments to avoid oxygen loss. Here, we show that significant changes already take place between 4 weeks (1.6 g) and 11 weeks (5 g) post hatch, with a reduction in gill lamellar surface area, increase in gill diffusion distance, and proliferation of the parenchyma in the ABO. By using a variety of methods, we quantified the surface area and diffusion distances of the gills and skin, and the swim bladder volume and anatomical complexity from hatch to 11‐week‐old juveniles. In addition, we identified the presence of two ionocyte types in the gills and show how these change with development. Until 1.6 g, A. gigas possess only the H+‐excreting/Na+‐absorbing type, while 5‐g fish and adults have an additional ionocyte which likely absorbs H+ and Cl− and excretes HCO3−. The ionocyte density on the gill filaments increased with age and is likely a compensatory mechanism for maintaining ion transport while reducing gill surface area. In the transition from water‐ to air‐breathing, A. gigas likely employs a trimodal respiration utilizing gills, skin, and ABO and thus avoid a respiratory–ion regulatory compromise at the gills.
From the individual to the colony: Marine invertebrates as models to understand levels of biological organization
Authors: Hiebert Laurel S. , Vieira Leandro M. , Tiozzo Stefano , Simpson Carl , Grosberg Richard K. , Migotto Alvaro E. , Morandini Andre C. , Brown Federico D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe developmental and evolutionary principles of coloniality in marine animals remain largely unexplored. Although many common traits have evolved independently in different groups of colonial animals, questions about their significance for colonial life histories remain unanswered. In 2018 (Nov. 25 ‐ Dec. 8), the inaugural course on the Evolution of Coloniality and Modularity took place at the Center for Marine Biology of the University of São Paulo (CEBIMAR‐USP), Brazil. During the intensive two‐week graduate‐level course, we addressed some of the historical ideas about animal coloniality by focal studies in bryozoans, tunicates, cnidarians, and sponges. We discussed many historical hypotheses and ways to test these using both extant and paleontological data, and we carried direct observations of animal colonies in the different phyla to address questions about coloniality. We covered topics related to multi‐level selection theory and studied colonial traits, including modular miniaturization, polymorphism, brooding, and allorecognition. Course participants carried out short research projects using local species of animals to address questions on allorecognition and regeneration in ascidians and sponges, fusion and chimerism in anthoathecate hydrozoans, and evolution of polymorphism in bryozoans. Although many questions remain unanswered, this course served as a foundation to continue to develop a developmental and evolutionary synthesis of clonal and modular development in colonial marine organisms.
Synthesis and reactivity of thieno[2,3‐b]quinoline derivatives (Part II)
Authors: Salem Mohammed A. , Abu‐Hashem Ameen A. , Abdelgawad Ahmed A. M. , Gouda Moustafa A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs a continuation of our previous review entitled “Vilsmeier‐Haack cyclisation as a facile synthetic route to thieno[2,3‐b]quinolines (Part I).” This review describes the methods of preparation and the chemical reactivity of thieno[2,3‐b]quinolines, which might show interesting biological activities.
Lasers for matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization
Authors: Murray Kermit K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) was introduced 35 years ago and has advanced from a general method for producing intact ions from large biomolecules to wide use in applications ranging from bacteria identification to tissue imaging. MALDI was enabled by the development of high energy pulsed lasers that create ions from solid samples for analysis by mass spectrometry. The original lasers used for MALDI were ultraviolet fixed‐wavelength nitrogen and Nd:YAG lasers, and a number of additional laser sources have been subsequently introduced with wavelengths ranging from the infrared to the ultraviolet and pulse widths from nanosecond to femtosecond. Wavelength tunable sources have been employed both in the IR and UV, and repetition rates have increased from tens of Hz to tens of kHz as MALDI has moved into mass spectrometry imaging. Dual‐pulse configurations have been implemented with two lasers directed at the target or with a second laser creating ions in the plume of desorbed material. This review provides a brief history of the use of lasers for ionization in mass spectrometry and describes the various types of lasers and configurations used for MALDI.
miRNA expression profiles in liver grafts of HCV and HIV/HCV‐infected recipients, 6 months after liver transplantation
Authors: Bulfoni Michela , Pravisani Riccardo , Dalla Emiliano , Cesselli Daniela , Hidaka Masaaki , Di Loreto Carla , Eguchi Susumu , Baccarani Umberto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn hepatitis C virus (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co‐infected patients, HIV enhances HCV replication and liver damage. Several microRNAs (miRNAs), active in pro‐fibrotic and inflammatory pathways, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this phenomenon. However, these miRNAs have been tested only in explanted cirrhotic livers, when the liver damage has become chronic and irreversible. No data are available on the early phase of viral infection, such as early after liver transplantation (LT). In the present study, the expression of miR‐101, miR‐122, miR‐155, miR‐192, miR‐200c, miR‐338, and miR‐532 was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction in liver biopsies of HCV (n = 19) and HCV/HIV‐infected (n = 20) LT recipients, as well as in a control group (n = 18) of noninfected patients, transplanted for alcoholic cirrhosis. The timing of liver biopsy was 6 months post‐LT. None of the patients was treated with direct‐acting anti‐HCV drugs. All co‐infected recipients had suppressed HIV viral load. Grading and staging were assessed according to the Ishak Classification. HCV and HIV viral load were measured in the sera. miR‐101 (p = .03), miR‐122 (p = .012), and miR‐192 (p = .038) were significantly downregulated in HCV/HIV co‐infected and HCV mono‐infected recipients when compared with noninfected recipients, and such downregulation was more pronounced in co‐infected ones. Moreover, in co‐infected recipients but not in mono‐infected ones, miR‐101 inversely correlated with the peripheral HCV‐RNA levels (r = .41, p = .04) and miR‐122 inversely correlated with peripheral HCV‐RNA levels (r = .49, p = .03) and with the histological grading (r = .51, p = .02). In conclusion, as early as 6 months after LT, the presence of HIV‐HCV co‐infection enhanced a significant downregulation of certain miRNAs that showed a direct correlation with HCV viral load and liver inflammation.
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation impairs neuronal plasticity and reduces hippocampal neuronal arborization in male albino rats: Noradrenaline is involved in the process
Authors: Giri Shatrunjai , Ranjan Amit , Kumar Awanish , Amar Megha , Mallick Birendra Nath 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRapid eye movement sleep (REMS) favors brain development and memory, while it is decreased in neurodegenerative diseases. REMS deprivation (REMSD) affects several physiological processes including memory consolidation; however, its detailed mechanism(s) of action was unknown. REMS reduces, while REMSD elevates noradrenaline (NA) level in the brain; the latter induces several deficiencies and disorders, including changes in neuronal cytomorphology and apoptosis. Therefore, we proposed that REMS‐ and REMSD‐associated modulation of NA level might affect neuronal plasticity and affect brain functions. Male albino rats were REMS deprived by flower‐pot method for 6 days, and its effects were compared with home cage and large platform controls as well as post‐REMSD recovered and REMS‐deprived prazosin (α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist)‐treated rats. We observed that REMSD reduced CA1 and CA3 neuronal dendritic length, branching, arborization, and spine density, while length of active zone and expressions of pre‐ as well as post‐synaptic proteins were increased as compared to controls; interestingly, prazosin prevented most of the effectsin vivo. Studies on primary culture of neurons from chick embryo brain confirmed that NA at lower concentration(s) induced neuronal branching and arborization, while higher doses were destructive. The findings support our contention that REMSD adversely affects neuronal plasticity, branching, and synaptic scaffold, which explain the underlying cytoarchitectural basis of REMSD‐associated patho‐physio‐behavioral changes. Consolidation of findings of this study along with that of our previous reports suggest that the neuronal disintegration could be due to either withdrawal of direct protective and proliferative role of low dose of NA or indirect effect of high dose of NA or both.
Host country nationals' interaction adjustment as a social exchange: A theoretical model
Authors: Fee Anthony , Michailova Snejina 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIn this conceptual paper, we argue that host‐country nationals (HCNs), without crossing geographical and organizational boundaries, experience distinct and complex interaction adjustment processes in response to their social exchange relationships with expatriates. We develop a theoretical model that suggests that the perceived value of the relationships between HCNs and expatriates, the structure of these relationships, and the HCNs' alternative sources of exchange resources predict HCNs' learning‐rich interactions with expatriates and HCNs' extraneous stress, which, in turn, influence HCNs' interaction adjustment. Along with research implications, our theorizing points to features that can improve HCN and expatriate selection, preparation, and management.
Admission factors associated with nutritional status deterioration and prolonged pediatric intensive care unit stay in critically ill children: PICU‐ScREEN multicenter study
Authors: Ventura Julia Carvalho , Oliveira Luna Dias de Almeida , Silveira Taís Thomsen , Hauschild Daniela Barbieri , Mehta Nilesh M. , Moreno Yara Maria Franco ,   PICU‐ScREEN Study Group
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly identification of patients in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at risk of nutritional status (NS) deterioration and poor outcomes is desirable.We aimed to identify factors associated with NS deterioration and prolonged PICU stay.MethodsProspective cohort study in eight Brazilian PICUs with children <18 years with a PICU stay >72h. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify the clinical, laboratory, and nutrition variables at admission that were associated with outcomes. NS deterioration was defined as the reduction in weight‐for‐age, body mass index–for‐age or mid‐upper arm circumference–for‐age z‐score ≥1 during PICU stay. Prolonged PICU stay was defined as ≥13 days.ResultsWe enrolled 363 eligible patients, median age 11.3 months (interquartile range:3.1–45.6) and 46% had at least one complex chronic condition (CCC). NS deterioration was observed in 23% of participants and was associated with CCC (odds ratio [OR]:2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.44–5.09), after adjusting for severity risk score, leukocyte count, obesity, and PICU site. Prolonged PICU stay was associated with age <2 years (OR:1.95; 95%CI:1.03–3.66), fluid overload (>10%) over the first 72h (OR:2.66; 95%CI:1.50–4.73), and hypoalbuminemia (<3.0 g/dL) (OR:2.05; 95%CI:1.12–3.76), after adjusting for CCC, severity risk score, undernutrition, early nutrition therapy, and PICU site.ConclusionsCCC at admission was associated with NS deterioration. Age <2 years, fluid overload, and hypoalbuminemia at PICU admission were associated with prolonged PICU stay. These factors must be further evaluated as part of an admission nutrition screening tool for critically ill children.