bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergent quantum indeterminacy
Authors: Mariani Cristian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany features of quantum mechanics (QM) suggest that, at the microscopic level, objects sometimes fail to determinately instantiate their properties. In recent years, many have argued that this phenomenon indicates the existence of an ontological kind of indeterminacy, often calledmetaphysical indeterminacy, which is supposed to affect the ontology of QM. As insisted by Glick ('Against Quantum Indeterminacy, 2017, Thought), however, once we look at the major realist approaches to QM we learn that the indeterminacy disappears from the description of the world at its most fundamental level. This absence might be taken as a good reason for adopting some form ofeliminativismtowards quantum mechanical indeterminacy. The aim of this paper is to distinguish three ways of defending eliminativism, and to argue that none of them eventually succeeds. The upshot is that QM does in fact suggest the existence of metaphysical indeterminacy, although only as an emergent phenomenon.
IVYplots and Gaussian interval plots
Authors: Sarkar Jyotirmoy , Rashid Mamunur 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile a dot plot depicts data on a quantitative variable without distortion, a boxplot shows only the five‐number summary. For large data, to aid in counting, we propose an IVY plot as a companion to a dot plot. Also, for large data, if the variable is approximately normally distributed, as a companion to a boxplot, we propose a Gaussian interval plot that depicts the five‐number summary, the mean, the SD, the sample size, and the counts of outliers. We hope these enhanced visualizations will add value to the commonly used methods.
Biochemistry and hematology reference intervals for neonatal dairy calves aged 5‐12 days
Authors: Roadknight Natalie W. , Courtman Natalie F. , Mansell Peter D. , Jongman Ellen C. , Loh Ziyang A. , Fisher Andrew D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundComprehensive hematology and biochemistry RIs are currently lacking in the literature for young dairy calves based on sample sizes more than 120. Young dairy calves are at a relatively high risk of poor health and welfare outcomes. They have a high risk of morbidity and mortality in the first 2 weeks of life, and many are transported and fasted during this time. For example, non‐replacement calves in Australia and New Zealand are usually 5‐12 days old when transported to abattoirs, meaning that calves of this age group are potentially at risk of both health and welfare compromise. Given these factors, sound, comprehensive, age‐specific biochemical and hematologic RIs are needed for both veterinary clinical practice and to inform research on calf health and welfare.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to generate age‐specific hematology and biochemistry RIs for dairy calves aged 5‐12 days.MethodsWe collected blood samples from 141 fasted, healthy dairy calves on 10 Australian farms. Reference Value Advisor software was used to calculate nonparametric RIs for multiple biochemistry and hematology variables.ResultsRIs for a panel of hematology and biochemistry variables in dairy calves aged 5‐12 days old were derived.ConclusionsThese RIs will be useful for clinical veterinary practice, as well as for research on dairy calf health and welfare.
Canine leishmaniasis in Northern California—A case report
Authors: Alonso Flavio H. , Vasilatis Demitria M. , Veluvolu Sridhar M. , Willcox Jennifer L. , Scorza Breanna M. , Petersen Christine A. , Kol Amir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA 3‐year‐old dog was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the University of California‐Davis for further evaluation of episodes of epistaxis of 1‐year duration and peripheral lymphadenopathy. The patient had a history of atopic dermatitis with no travel history outside of California. Hyperglobulinemia with a polyclonal gammopathy was noted on serum protein electrophoresis. Microscopic evaluation of a bone marrow aspirate sample revealed many free and intra‐cellular amastigotes of Leishmania sp. that was further confirmed by qPCR as L infantum. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case of canine leishmaniasis in the state of California. The patient is believed to have been vertically infected from the dam who is from Serbia and remained subclinical until presentation. Because the clinical progression of leishmaniasis is variable, it is important that precautions be discussed with owners acquiring puppies with dams from endemic regions of leishmaniasis to prevent zoonotic exposure in states where competent vectors are present.
NATURAL DIVINE CAUSATION, CAUSAL EXCLUSION, AND OVERDETERMINATION: COMMENT ON MIKAEL LEIDENHAG
Authors: Lim Daniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn his article “The Blurred Line between Theistic Evolution and Intelligent Design” and his response “The Problem of Natural Divine Causation and the Benefits of Partial Causation”, Mikael Leidenhag uses Jaegwon Kim's work on causal exclusion to critique what he calls “Natural Divine Causation” (NDC). Although I agree with Leidenhag that questions about divine action can fruitfully be posed in terms of Kim's so‐called Causal Exclusion Argument, I take issue with the way he attempts to carry out this task and the reasons he offers against the overdetermination response to the Causal Exclusion Argument.
Global REACH 2018: Influence of excessive erythrocytosis on coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in Andean highlanders
Authors: DeSouza Noah M. , Brewster L. Madden , Bain Anthony R. , Garcia Vinicius P. , Stone Rachel , Stockelman Kelly A. , Greiner Jared J. , Tymko Michael M. , Vizcardo‐Galindo Gustavo , Figueroa‐Mujica Romulo J. , Villafuerte Francisco C. , Ainslie Philip N. , DeSouza Christopher A. 
Published: March 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Are coagulation and fibrinolytic factors disrupted in Andean highlanders with excessive erythrocytosis?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Excessive erythrocytosis is not associated with prothombotic disruptions in coagulation or the fibrinolytic system in Andean highlanders. Impairments in coagulation and fibrinolysis may not contribute to the increased vascular risk associated with excessive erythrocytosis.
AbstractIncreased coagulation and reduced fibrinolysis are central factors underlying thrombotic risk and events. High altitude‐induced excessive erythrocytosis (EE) is prevalent in Andean highlanders, contributing to increased cardiovascular risk. Disruption in the coagulation–fibrinolytic axis resulting in uncontrolled fibrin deposition might underlie the increased thrombotic risk associated with high‐altitude EE. The experimental aim of this study was to determine whether EE is associated with a prothrombotic blood coagulation and fibrinolytic profile in Andean highlanders. Plasma coagulation factors (von Willebrand factor and factors VII, VIII and X), fibrinolytic factors [tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1)] and D‐dimer levels were determined in 26 male residents of Cerro de Pasco, Peru (4340 m a.s.l.): 12 without EE (age, 40 ± 13 years; haemoglobin, 17.4 ± 1.9 g/dl) and 14 with EE (age, 43 ± 15 years; haemoglobin, 24.4 ± 1.6 g/dl). There were no significant differences in von Willebrand factor (40.5 ± 24.8 vs. 45.5 ± 22.4%), factor VII (77.0 ± 14.5 vs. 72.5 ± 8.9%), factor VIII (55.6 ± 19.8 vs. 60.7 ± 26.8%) and factor X (73.9 ± 8.3 vs. 67.3 ± 10.9%) between the Andean highlanders without or with EE. The t‐PA antigen (8.5 ± 3.6 vs. 9.6 ± 5.4 ng/ml), t‐PA activity (5.5 ± 2.4 vs. 5.8 ± 1.6 IU/ml), PAI antigen (45.0 ± 33.8 vs. 40.5 ± 15.8 ng/ml), PAI‐1 activity (0.24 ± 0.09 vs. 0.25 ± 0.11 IU/ml) and the molar concentration ratio of active t‐PA to active PAI‐1 (1:0.051 ± 0.034 vs. 1:0.046 ± 0.021 mmol/l) were also similar between the groups, as were D‐dimer levels (235.0 ± 126.4 vs. 268.4 ± 173.7 ng/ml). Collectively, the results of the present study indicate that EE is not associated with a hypercoagulable, hypofibrinolytic state in Andean highlanders.
Short‐term sleep deprivation and human thermoregulatory function during thermal challenges
Authors: Keramidas Michail E. , Botonis Petros G. 
Published: March 2021

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
It is generally accepted that sleep deprivation constitutes a predisposing factor to the development of thermal injury. This review summarizes the available human‐based evidence on the impact of sleep loss on autonomic and behavioural thermoeffectors during acute exposure to low and high ambient temperatures.

What advances does it highlight?
Limited to moderate evidence suggests that sleep deprivation per se impairs thermoregulatory defence mechanisms during exposure to thermal extremes. Future research is required to establish whether inadequate sleep enhances the risk for cold‐ and heat‐related illnesses.

AbstractRelatively short periods of inadequate sleep provoke physiological and psychological perturbations, typically leading to functional impairments and degradation in performance. It is commonly accepted that sleep deprivation also disturbs thermal homeostasis, plausibly enhancing susceptibility to cold‐ and heat‐related illnesses. Herein, we summarize the current state of human‐based evidence on the impact of short‐term (i.e., ≤4 nights) sleep deprivation on autonomic and behavioural thermoeffectors during acute exposure to low and high ambient temperatures. The purpose of this brief narrative review is to highlight knowledge gaps in the area and stimulate future research to investigate whether sleep deprivation constitutes a predisposing factor for the development of thermal injuries.
Haemodynamics and cerebral oxygenation of neonatal piglets in the immediate ex utero period supported by mechanical ventilation or ex utero oxygenator
Authors: Darby Jack R.T. , Berry Mary J. , Quinn Megan , Holman Stacey L. , Bradshaw Emma L. , Jesse Sarah M. , Haller Christoph , Seed Mike , Morrison Janna L. 
Published: March 2021

Key points
The margin of human viability has extended to the extremes of gestational age (<24 weeks) when the lungs are immature and ventilator‐induced lung injury is common.
Artificial placenta technology aims to extend gestation ex utero in order to allow the lungs additional time to develop prior to entering an air‐breathing environment.
We compared the haemodynamics and cerebral oxygenation of piglets in the immediate period post‐oxygenator (OXY) transition against both paired in utero measures and uniquely against piglets transitioned onto mechanical ventilation (VENT).
Post‐transition, OXY piglets became hypotensive with reduced carotid blood flow in comparison with both paired in utero measures and VENT piglets.
The addition of a pump to the oxygenator circuit may be required to ensure haemodynamic stability in the immediate post‐transition period.
AbstractGestational age at birth is a major predictor of wellbeing; the lower the gestational age, the greater the risk of mortality and morbidity. At the margins of human viability (<24 weeks gestation) immature lungs combined with the need for early ventilatory support means lung injury and respiratory morbidity is common. The abrupt haemodynamic changes consequent on birth may also contribute to preterm‐associated brain injury, including intraventricular haemorrhage. Artificial placenta technology aims to support oxygenation, haemodynamic stability and ongoing fetal development ex utero until mature enough to safely transition to a true ex utero environment. We aimed to characterize the impact of birth transition onto either an oxygenator circuit or positive pressure ventilation on haemodynamic and cerebral oxygenation of the neonatal piglet. At 112 days gestation (term = 115 days), fetal pigs underwent instrumentation surgery and transitioned onto either an oxygenator (OXY, n = 5) or ventilatory support (VENT, n = 8). Blood pressure (BP), carotid blood flow and cerebral oxygenation in VENT piglets rose from in utero levels to be significantly higher than OXY piglets post‐transition. OXY piglet BP, carotid blood flow and carotid oxygen delivery (DO2) decreased from in utero levels post‐transition; however, cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) was maintained at fetal‐like levels. OXY piglets became hypoxaemic and retained CO2. Whether OXY piglets are able to maintain cerebral rSO2 under these conditions for a prolonged period is yet to be determined. Improvements to OXY piglet oxygenation may lie in maintaining piglet BP at in utero levels and enhancing oxygenator circuit flow.
JAK/STAT inhibition augments soleus muscle function in a rat model of critical illness myopathy via regulation of complement C3/3R
Authors: Addinsall Alex B. , Cacciani Nicola , Akkad Hazem , Salah Heba , Tchkonia Tamara , Kirkland James L. , Larsson Lars 
Published: March 2021

Key points
Critical illness myopathy (CIM) is a frequently observed negative consequence of modern critical care.
Chronic Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription activation impairs muscle size and function and is prominent following mechanical ventilation.
We identify pSTAT‐3 activation in tibialis anterior of CIM patients, before examining the potential benefits of JAK1/2 inhibition in an experimental model of CIM, where muscle mass and function are impaired.
CIM activates complement cascade and increased monocyte infiltration in the soleus muscle, which was ameliorated by JAK1/2 inhibition, leading to reduced muscle degeneration and improved muscle force.
Here, we demonstrate that JAK1/2 inhibition augments CIM muscle function through regulation of the complement cascade.
AbstractCritical illness myopathy (CIM) is frequently observed in response to modern critical care with negative consequences for patient quality of life, morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation is observed in limb muscles following controlled mechanical ventilation. Chronic JAK/STAT activation promotes loss of muscle mass and function. Thus, we hypothesized that JAK1/2 inhibition would improve muscle outcomes for CIM. Following 12 days of intensive care unit conditions, pSTAT‐3 levels increased in tibialis anterior muscle of CIM patients (P = 0.0489). The potential of JAK1/2 inhibition was assessed in an experimental model of CIM, where soleus muscle size and force are impaired. JAK1/2 inhibition restores soleus force (P < 0.0001). CIM activated muscle complement cascade, which was ameliorated by JAK1/2 inhibition (P < 0.05, respectively). Soleus macrophage number corresponded with complement activity, leading to reduced muscle degeneration and augmented muscle function (P < 0.05). Thus, JAK/STAT inhibition improves soleus function by modulating the complement cascade and muscle monocyte infiltration. Collectively, we demonstrate that JAK/STAT inhibition augments muscle function in CIM.
Does a Multicomponent Exercise Program Improve Physical Fitness in Older Adults? Findings From a 5-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Gonçalves Andréa Kruger , Griebler Eliane Mattana , da Silva Wagner Albo , Sant´Helena Débora Pastoriza , da Silva Priscilla Cardoso , Possamai Vanessa Dias , Martins Valéria Feijó 
Published: March 2021

The objective was to assess the physical fitness of older adults participating in a 5-year multicomponent exercise program. The sample consisted of 138 older adults aged 60–93 years (70.4 ± 7.8 years) evaluated with the Senior Fitness Test (muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and cardiorespiratory fitness). The multicomponent program was carried out between the months of March and November of each year. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (factor year: Year 1, Year 2, Year 3, Year 4, and Year 5; factor time: pretest and posttest) with Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Participation in the multicomponent exercise program for 5 years (baseline pretest Year 1 and follow-up Year 5) improved lower and upper limb strength, lower limb flexibility, and balance and cardiorespiratory fitness, while upper limb flexibility was maintained. Year-by-year analysis revealed variable patterns for each fitness parameter. The results of this study show the potential benefits of implementing a long-term community-based exercise program.
Eye care delivery models to improve access to eye care for Indigenous peoples in high-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Burn Helen , Hamm Lisa , Black Joanna , Burnett Anthea , Harwood Matire , Burton Matthew J , Evans Jennifer R , Ramke Jacqueline 
Published: March 2021

PurposeGlobally, there are ~370 million Indigenous peoples. Indigenous peoples typically experience worse health compared with non-Indigenous people, including higher rates of avoidable vision impairment. Much of this gap in eye health can be attributed to barriers that impede access to eye care services. We conducted a scoping review to identify and summarise service delivery models designed to improve access to eye care for Indigenous peoples in high-income countries.MethodsSearches were conducted on MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health in January 2019 and updated in July 2020. All study designs were eligible if they described a model of eye care service delivery aimed at populations with over 50% Indigenous peoples. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full-text articles and completed data charting. We extracted data on publication details, study context, service delivery interventions, outcomes and evaluations, engagement with Indigenous peoples and access dimensions targeted. We summarised findings descriptively following thematic analysis.ResultsWe screened 2604 abstracts and 67 studies fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Studies were focused on Indigenous peoples in Australia (n=45), USA (n=11), Canada (n=7), New Zealand (n=2), Taiwan (n=1) and Greenland (n=1). The main disease focus was diabetic retinopathy (n=30, 45%), followed by ‘all eye care’ (n=16, 24%). Most studies focused on targeted interventions to increase availability of services. Fewer than one-third of studies reported involving Indigenous communities when designing the service. 41 studies reflected on whether the model improved access, but none undertook rigorous evaluation or quantitative assessment.ConclusionsThe geographical and clinical scope of service delivery models to improve access to eye care for Indigenous peoples in high-income countries is narrow, with most studies focused on Australia and services for diabetic retinopathy. More and better engagement with Indigenous communities is required to design and implement accessible eye care services.
Implementation of a full-scale prehospital telemedicine system: evaluation of the process and systemic effects in a pre–post intervention study
Authors: Bergrath Sebastian , Brokmann Jörg Christian , Beckers Stefan , Felzen Marc , Czaplik Michael , Rossaint Rolf 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo review the implementation strategy from a research project towards routine care of a comprehensive mobile physician-staffed prehospital telemedicine system. The objective is to evaluate the implementation process and systemic influences on emergency medical service (EMS) resource utilisation.DesignRetrospective pre–post implementation study.SettingTwo interdisciplinary projects and the EMS of a German urban region.InterventionsImplementation of a full-scale prehospital telemedicine system.EndpointsDescriptive evaluation of the implementation strategy. Primary endpoint: ground-based and helicopter-based physician staffed emergency missions before and after implementation.ResultsThe first research project revealed positive effects on guideline adherence and patient safety in two simulation studies, with feasibility demonstrated in a clinical study. After technical optimisation, safety and positive effects were demonstrated in a multicentre trial. Routine care in the city of Aachen, Germany was conducted stepwise from April 2014 to March 2015, including modified dispatch criteria. Systemic parameters of all EMS assignments between pre-implementation (April 2013 to March 2014) and post implementation (April 2015 to March 2016): on-scene EMS physician operations decreased from 7882/25 187 missions (31.3%) to 6360/26 462 (24.0%), p<0.0001. The need for neighbouring physician-staffed units dropped from 234/25 187 (0.93%) to 119/26 462 (0.45%), p<0.0001, and the need for helicopter EMS from 198/25 187 (0.79%) to 100/26 462 (0.38%), p<0.0001. In the post implementation period 2347 telemedical interventions were conducted, with 26 462 emergency missions (8.87%).ConclusionA stepwise implementation strategy allowed transfer from the project phase to routine care. We detected a reduced need for conventional on-scene physician care by ground-based and helicopter-based EMS, but cannot exclude unrecognised confounders, including modified dispatch criteria and possible learning effects. This creates the potential for increased availability of EMS physicians for life-threatening emergencies by shifting physician interventions from conventional to telemedical care.Trial registration numberNCT04127565.
RxIALTA: evaluating the effect of a pharmacist-led intervention on CV risk in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases in a community pharmacy setting: a prospective pre–post intervention study
Authors: Al Hamarneh Yazid N , Marra Carlo , Gniadecki Robert , Keeling Stephanie , Morgan Andrea , Tsuyuki Ross 
Published: March 2021

Patients with inflammatory conditions are at high risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease. Despite such elevated risk, their CV risk factors are suboptimally managed.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a pharmacist-led intervention on CV risk in patients with inflammatory conditions.MethodsDesignProspective pre–postintervention.Setting17 community pharmacies across Alberta.PopulationAdults with inflammatory conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis vulgaris) who had at least one uncontrolled risk factor (A1C, blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol or current tobacco users).InterventionAll patients enrolled in the study received: physical and laboratory assessment, individualised CV risk assessment and education regarding this risk, treatment recommendations, prescription adaptation and prescribing where necessary to meet treatment targets, regular communication with the patient’s treating physician(s) and regular follow-up with all patients every month for 6 months.OutcomesPrimary: change in estimated CV risk (risk of a major CV event in the next 10 years) after 6 months. Secondary: change in individual risk factors (blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, A1C and tobacco cessation) over a 6-month period.ResultsWe enrolled 99 patients. The median age was 66.41 years (IQR 57.64–72.79), More than half of them (61%) were female and more than three-quarters (86%) were Caucasians. After adjusting for age, sex and ethnicity and centre effect, there was a reduction of 24.5% in CV risk (p<0.001); including a reduction of 0.3 mmol/L in LDL-c (p<0.001), 10.7 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (p<0.001), 1.25% in A1C (p<0.001). There was a non-significant trend towards tobacco cessation.ConclusionThis is the first study on CV risk reduction in patients with inflammatory conditions in a community pharmacy setting. RxIALTA provides evidence for the benefit of pharmacist care on global cardiovascular risk reduction as well as the individual cardiovascular risk factors in patients with inflammatory conditions.Trial registration numberNCT03152396.