bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life-threatening Hypotension in a Multi-trauma-brain Injured Patient With Unilateral Adrenal Gland Damage; a Single Hydrocortisone Dose Unraveled Relative Corticosteroid Insufficiency.
Authors: ZAKYNTHINOS GEORGE E , ZYGOULIS PARIS , TSIKRIKA ALEXANDRA , TSOLAKI VASILIKI 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe incidence of adrenal injury after trauma is very rare. Bilateral adrenal injury, which may lead to acute adrenal insufficiency and death, whereas unilateral adrenal trauma is often asymptomatic and masked by injuries to other organs. However, when unilateral adrenal trauma is associated with multiple injuries including brain trauma, critical illness‑related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) may be present; despite the importance, criteria for the diagnosis are not well established.Case presentationWe report a 16-year-old multi-trauma, brain-injured patient with unilateral adrenal gland injury. An intraparenchymal catheter for intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring was inserted and craniectomy was performed. Postoperatively, the patient was admitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) under sedation. He presented severe circulatory shock (noradrenaline dose of 1.86 μg/kg/min). which was not reversed despite red blood cell transfusions (noradrenaline increased to 2 μg/kg/min, lactate 1.8-2.1 mmol/L, although Hct was stabilized to 34 g/dl). Empiric hydrocortisone (150 mg intravenously) was administered for suspected adrenal insufficiency, after a blood sample for cortisol levels was drawn. An abrupt improvement in hemodynamics was noted [noradrenaline dose was reduced by half (1 μg/ kg/min) in less than 1 hour, and almost became insignificant during the next 8 hours, while lactate normalized (0.9 mmol/L)]. Hydrocortizone administration was continued for nine days. Fluid balance was restored after the first day. Baseline cortisol levels were 11.45 μg/dl. ICP was steadily less than 20 mmHg. Adrenal hematoma dimensions had increased (4 x 2.7 cm), as seen in the abdominal CT scan performed 9 hours after admission. Twenty days later, a follow up CT scan revealed regression of the hematoma. His remaining ICU course was complicated by fever and sepsis and remained in the ICU for 41 days.ConclusionAlthough, data do not support the use of empiric steroids in trauma patients (with or without brain injury), this case demonstrates that adrenal insufficiency must be considered in the differential diagnosis when shock exists; adrenal gland injury, even unilateral, may play an additional factor. An urgent decision is needed, that can influence outcome.
Antiangiogenic Drug-induced Proteinuria as a Predictive Factor in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC)
Authors: Moisuc Diana Cornelia , Marinca Mihai Vasile , Gafton Bogdan , Alexa-Stratulat Teodora , Cianga Petru 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Treatment with bevacizumab is known to cause adverse effects such as proteinuria, hypertension, fistulas which, in addition to chemotherapy-induced toxicity, affect the quality of life. However, while bevacizumab-induced hypertension has been linked to increased overall survival, data on proteinuria are controversial. Patients and methods: We performed a retrospective analysis to observe the influence of adverse effects on the results of treatment with bevacizumab and chemotherapy in patients with mCRC. Results: Out of the 3497 mCRC patients admitted to our center between 2014 and 2019, 150 met the criteria for inclusion in our analysis. Of these, 50.7% experienced proteinuria and had reached a longer overall survival (40 versus 25 months, p=0.015) and progression free survival (15 versus 12 months, p=0.039). Patients with anemia during treatment, regardless of grade, had a 20-month shorter survival. The following groups were identified as having a lower risk of death: patients with proteinuria (HR 0.630; 95% CI 0.424-0.935; p=0.022), disease control (HR 0.436; 95% CI 0.291-0.653; p<0.001) and non-metastatic stage at diagnosis (HR 0.477; 95% CI 0.300-0.757; p=0.002). Anemia was a negative prognostic factor (HR 2.153; 95% CI 1.343-3.454; p=0.001). Conclusions: Proteinuria seems to be a useful predictive factor in mCRC patients undergoing bevacizumab-based systemic therapy. Since it is already routinely assessed in this clinical setting, proteinuria could be easily integrated in the decision-making process and thus allow physicians to further individualize systemic treatments.
Flatness of the Meckel Cave May Cause Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia: a Radiomics-based Study
Authors: Lin Jinzhi , Zhang Yong , Li Wuming , Yan Jianhao , Ke Yiquan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Neurovascular contact (NVC) is the main cause of primary trigeminal neuralgia (PTN); however, cases of PTN without NVC are still observed. In this study, the Meckel cave (MC) morphology in PTN were analyzed by radiomics and compared to healthy controls (HCs) to explore the cause of PTN.Methods: We studied the 3.0T MRI data of 115 patients with PTN and 46 HCs. Bilateral MC was modeled using the 3Dslicer software, and the morphological characteristics of MC were analyzed using the radiomics method.Results: The right side incidence rate in the PTN group was higher than the left side incidence. By analyzing the flatness feature of MC, we observed that the affected side of the PTN was lower than that of the unaffected side, the right MC of the PTN and HC was lower than that of the left MC, the MC of the affected side of the left and right PTN without bilateral NVC was lower than that of the unaffected side.Conclusions: By providing a method to analyze the morphology of MC, we found that there is asymmetry in the morphology of bilateral MC in the PTN and HC groups. It can be inferred that the flatness of MC may be a cause of PTN.
Addressing Constraints to Informal Health Service Providers’ Involvement in Tuberculosis Control: a Qualitative Study of Patent Medicine Dealers and Tuberculosis Programme Managers in Ebonyi State Nigeria
Authors: Onah Cosmas Kenan , Azuogu Benedict Ndubueze , Ossai Edmund Ndudi , Agu Adaoha Pearl , Azuogu Victoria Chioma , Alobu Isaac , Onwe Emeka Ogah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: A major constraint to tuberculosis control is low case finding with under-reporting to national authorities. Evidence shows that Patent Medicine Dealers are first port of call for most people with symptoms of tuberculosis, yet there is poor referral of such clients to tuberculosis treatment facilities for further evaluation. This study investigated constraints to involvement of Patent Medicine Dealers in tuberculosis control.Methods: This was a cross-sectional qualitative study among Patent Medicine Dealers and Tuberculosis Programme Managers in Ebonyi State Nigeria. Sixty-four Patent Medicine Dealers and five Tuberculosis Programme Managers were interviewed using Focus Group Discussion and In-Depth Interview respectively. Data was collected with electronic audio-recording device and analyzed using thematic approach. Results: There are some knowledge gaps about tuberculosis signs, symptoms, free-treatment policy and mode of operation of care service among Patent Medicine Dealers. Patent Medicine Dealers and Tuberculosis Programme Managers are willing to collaborate in tuberculosis control effort but constant demand for incentives by Patent Medicine Dealers and inability of National Tuberculosis Programme to keep up with such demands are obvious constraints. Conclusions: Knowledge gaps in tuberculosis, its control, constant demand for incentives by Patent Medicine Dealers and inability of National Tuberculosis Programme to satisfy such demands are constraints to involvement of Patent Medicine Dealers in tuberculosis control. More robust engagement of Patent Medicine Dealers in tuberculosis control with clear job description through tuberculosis education and provision of incentives to support them are recommended policy approaches to improve linkage of clients to tuberculosis treatment facilities.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice (KAP) Among Dentists toward Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Shiraz, Iran.
Authors: Farpour Hamid Reza , Nasiri Aref , Sadighi Alireza , Dehghanian Kayvon Seyed , Ahmed Faisal , Taghrir Mohammad Hossein , Al-shami Ebrahim , Al-naggar Khalil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common work-place musculoskeletal disorder, and dentists are a high-risk group due to their work conditions. This study aims to obtaining a full understanding of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of CTS among Dentists in Shiraz, Iran. Methods: Between Jun,2019 and Dec,2019; A researcher-made questionnaire was developed for this cross-sectional pilot study in order to evaluate the KAP of dentists regarding CTS. Participants were recruited to fill out the questionnaire. The participants were recruited using convenient sampling from dentists working. A 51 dentists were completed the survey. Ethical approval to conduct this study was obtained. Results: About 31 (60.8%) respondents were female and 20(39.2%) were male. 54.9%. of the participants were aged below 33 years. 66.7%. of dentists had less than 10 years of work experience. No statistically significant correlation was observed between age, and number of years of work experience and KAP scores. But there was significant correlation between gender and knowledge (p =0.04). The mean scores of knowledges were 3.7 ±1.3 which was low to average regarding the prevention and treatment of CTS. The mean scores of attitudes and practice were 10.9 ±3.2 and 7.9 ± 2.1, respectively. Which represent a positive attitude and practice towards regarding the prevention and treatment of CTS. There was a significant correlation between attitude and practice among dentists with p =0.001Conclusions: Most dentists in this study had low to average knowledge, high attitudes, and high practice scores of the prevention and treatment of CTS.
Factors affecting under-five diarrhea in households with dirt floors: a multilevel mixed-effects analysis from a national survey of Ethiopia
Authors: Sahiledengle Biniyam , Kumie Abera , Atlaw Daniel , Tekalegn Yohannes , Woldeyohannes Demelash , Zenbaba Demisu , Awoke Tadesse 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Diarrhea remains the second leading cause of mortality among under-five children in Ethiopia, spreads more easily in homes with dirt floors. Even though the determinants of diarrheal illness is widely recognized at the global level, there is a limited number of studies that identified the individual and community-level factors solely among children residing in households with sub-optimal flooring (i.e. earth, mud or sand, and dung). Therefore, this study aims to identify individual and community-level factors associated with childhood diarrhea in households with sub-optimal flooring in Ethiopia.Methods: Data from the fourth round of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) conducted in 2016 is used to carry out the analysis. The EDHS was large, cross-sectional by design, and nationally representative. A total of 9,097 under-five children living in households with sub-optimal floors and 645 community clusters were included in the current analysis. A multi-level logistic regression analysis was used to examine both individual and community level factors while accounting for the hierarchal structure of the data.Results: The overall prevalence of childhood diarrhea in households with suboptimal flooring in Ethiopia was 11.9% (95% CI:11.2-12.6). Children aged 6-11 months (adjusted OR [AOR]=2.68, 95%CI: 1.89-3.82), and ≥ 12 months (AOR=1.65, 95%CI: 1.22-2.24) were more likely to have diarrhea compared with children aged 0-5 months. Having cough (AOR=6.09, 95% CI=4.93-7.52) and fever (AOR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.30-2.01) were found to increase the risk for the development of diarrhea in children. Maternal age (25-34 years) and paternal lack of educated were found to be associated with lower odds of childhood diarrheal prevalence rates. Further, children from households with higher family size (≥ 5 family size), low birth order (firstborn), and the number of under-five children (2-3 children) were reported decreased odds of diarrhea. At the community level, children living in pastoralist regions (such as Afar and Somali region) significantly less likely to have diarrhea vulnerability (AOR: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.40-0.91) compared to those who reside in cities. Conclusion: Both individual-level (age of the child, birth order, presence of cough and fever, maternal age, paternal education, household size, improper child stool disposal, number of under-five children) and community-level factor (place of residence) were revealed to be important factors for childhood diarrhea in households with suboptimal flooring.
The relationship between typical heavy metal content and physiological indexes of shrubs in bioretention facilities
Authors: Gong Yongwei , Zhou Zhihua , Xue Baolin , Ren Xiyan , Hao Yan , Li Junqi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bioretention facilities have been widely constructed, but it is unknown whether rainfall runoff containing pollutants will hurt the plants in bioretention facilities. Experiments were carried out to explore the relationship between the heavy metal (Cd and Pb) contents of four shrubs and three physiological indexes. The results show the following: (1) The heavy metal absorption of shrubs may be directly proportional to the heavy metal content in stormwater runoff. (2) For the experimental devices, sand/soil-low concentration (SS-L) and sand/soil-high concentration (SS-H), except that the contents of Cd and Pb of L. vicaryi in SS-H showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, the contents of heavy metals in other shrubs showed a gradual increase. (3) For SS-L, the net photosynthetic rate (NPR) and transpiration rate (TR) of R. xanthina were in direct proportion to the contents of Cd and Pb in vivo. The NPRs and TRs of the other three shrubs and the chlorophyll content (CC) of L. vicaryi presented an inversely proportional relationship. For SS-H, the NPR of L. vicaryi was in direct proportion to its Cd and Pb contents. Almost all other conditions showed an inverse relationship.
Predicting relative energy dissipation for vertical drops equipped with a horizontal screen using soft computing techniques
Authors: Norouzi Reza , Sihag Parveen , Daneshfaraz Rasoul , Abraham John , Hasannia Vadoud 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the ability of Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods including ANN, ANFIS, GRNN, SVM, GP, LR, and MLR to predict the relative energy dissipation (ΔE/Eu) for vertical drops equipped with a horizontal screen. For this study, 108 experiments were carried out to investigate energy dissipation. In the experiments, the discharge rate, drop height, and porosity of the screens were varied. Parameters yc/h, yd/yc, and p were input variables, and ΔE/Eu was the output variable. The efficiencies of the models were compared using the following metrics: correlation coefficient (CC), mean absolute error (MAE), root-mean-square error (RMSE), Normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE). Results indicate that the performance of the ANFIS_gbellmf based model with a CC value of 0.9953, RMSE value of 0.0069, MAE value of 0.0042, NRMSE value as 0.0092 and NSE value as 0.9895 was superior to other applied models. Also, a linear regression yielded CC = 0.9933, RMSE = 0.0083, and MAE = 0.0067. This linear model outperformed multiple linear regression models. Results from a sensitivity study suggest that yc/h is the most effective parameter for predicting ΔE/Eu.
Type Specific Human Papilloma Virus Prevalence and Distribution in Women with Abnormal Cervical Cytology: A Single Centre Retrospective Observational Study in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi
Authors: Revannasiddappa Krishi Gowdra , Sreehari Sreekala , Manjunath Shubha Shankari 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cervical cancer and premalignant dysplasia. The prevalence and distribution of different
high-risk HPV genotypes can affect HPV vaccination strategies and the design of cervical cancer prevention programs.

Objective:
Here, we aimed to determine the prevalence of different HPV genotypes in women with abnormal Cervical cytology in the United Arab Emirates
(UAE), evaluate correlations between HPV genotypes and the degree of cervical dysplasia, and observe distributions of HPV genotypes across age
groups.

Methods:
The study included 442 women who underwent HPV genotyping at our institution between January 2018 and September 2019. A retrospective
chart review was conducted for all 442 cases, and data were collected from hospital records.

Results:
The overall HPV positivity rate was 56.1%. The prevalence of high-risk HPV was 48%; 35.4% of patients had multiple high-risk HPV strains,
whereas 64.6% had a single high-risk HPV strain. The most common high-risk HPV genotype was HPV-16 (15.2%), followed by HPV-31
(11.7%), HPV-53 (8.9%), HPV-66 (8.6%), and HPV-51 (8.3%). The prevalence of HPV-18 was only 3.8%. The high-risk HPV positivity rate
Increased from 39% in women with Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) to 81% in women with Low-grade
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LSILs), 81.3% in women with atypical squamous cells cannot rule out High-Frade Lesions, and 80% in women
with High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSILs). The multiple high-risk HPV strain positivity rate increased from 32.4% in ASCUS to
44.7% in LSIL and 62.5% in HSIL. Increased HPV positivity rates and prevalence of HPV-16 were noted with increasing severity of cervical
dysplasia. Decreased HPV positivity was observed with increasing age.

Conclusion:
Overall, because the prevalence and distribution of different high-risk HPV genotypes affect HPV vaccination strategies, our findings may be
useful for the design of cervical cancer prevention programs.
Application of Machine Learning Methods for the Development of Antidiabetic
Drugs
Authors: Zhao Juanjuan , Xu Pengcheng , Liu Xiujuan , Ji Xiaobo , Li Minjie , Sooranna Dev , Qu Xiaosheng , Lu Wencong , Niu Bing 
Published: June 2021

:
Diabetes is a chronic non-communicable disease caused by several different routes, which has
attracted increasing attention. In order to speed up the development of new selective drugs, machine learning
(ML) technology has been applied in the process of diabetes drug development and opens up a new blueprint
for drug design. This review provides a comprehensive portrayal of the application of ML in antidiabetic drug
use.
1,2,5-Thiadiazole Scaffold: A Review on Recent Progress in Biological
Activities
Authors: Mali Suraj N. , Pandey Anima 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Thiadiazoles can be considered as the privileged scaffold having
diverse pharmacological potentials such as antihypertensive, anti-HIV, antimicrobials,
antileishmanial agents, etc. In particular, 1,2,5-thiadiazoles and their fused analogues are
subjects of fast-growing interest due to their higher significance in the fields of biomedicine and
material sciences.

Objective:
This study aims to collect detailed medicinal information about aspects of 1,2,5-
thiadiazole.

Methods:
A systemic search has been carried out using PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, etc., for
relevant studies having the keyword, ‘1,2,5-thiadiazole’.

Results and Conclusion:
In this mini-review, we have covered known procedures of the synthesis
and explored in details all known advancements of this scaffold concerning to its biological
activities.
Comparison of the Characteristics of Breast Milk-derived Stem Cells with the Stem Cells Derived from the Other Sources: A Comparative Review
Authors: Rahmani-Moghadam Ebrahim , Zarrin Vahideh , Mahmoodzadeh Amir , Owrang Marzieh , Talaei-Khozani Tahereh 
Published: June 2021

:Breast milk (BrM) is not only a nutrition supply but also contains a diverse population of cells. It has been estimated that up to 6% of the cells in human milk possess the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Available data also indicate that these cells are multipotent and capable of self-renewal and differentiation to other cells. In this review, we have compared different characteristics such as CD markers, differentiation capacity, and morphology of stem cells derived from human breast milk (hBr-MSC) with human bone marrow (hBMSC), Wharton's jelly (WJMSC), and human adipose tissue (hADMSC). The literature review revealed that human breast milk-derived stem cells specifically express a group of cell surface markers, including CD14, CD31, CD45, and CD86. Importantly, a group of markers, CD13, CD29, CD44, CD105, CD106, CD146, and CD166, were identified which were common in the four sources of stem cells. WJMSC, hBMSC, hADMSC, and hBr-MSC are potently able to differentiate into the mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm cell lineages. The ability of hBr-MSCs in differentiation into the neural stem cells, neurons, adipocyte, hepatocyte, chondrocyte, osteocyte, and cardiomyocytes has made these cells a promising source of stem cells in regenerative medicine, while isolation of stem cells from the commonly used sources, such as bone marrow, requires invasive procedures. Although autologous breast milk-derived stem cells are an accessible source for women who are in the lactation period, breast milk can be considered a source of stem cells with high differentiation potential without any ethical concern.
Ecological Momentary Assessment of Weight-Related Behaviors in the Home Environment of Children From Low-Income and Racially and Ethnically Diverse Households: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Trofholz Amanda , Tate Allan , Janowiec Mark , Fertig Angela , Loth Katie , de Brito Junia N , Berge Jerica 
Published: June 2021

Background
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is an innovative tool for capturing in-the-moment health behaviors as people go about their daily lives. EMA is an ideal tool to measure weight-related behaviors, such as parental feeding practices, stress, and dietary intake, as these occur on a daily basis and vary across time and context. A recent systematic review recommended standardized reporting of EMA design for studies that address weight-related behaviors.

Objective
To answer the call for reporting study designs using EMA, this paper describes in detail the EMA design of the Family Matters study and how it was adapted over time to improve functionality and meet the needs of a racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse sample.

Methods
Family Matters is an incremental, 2-phased, mixed methods study, conducted with a racially and ethnically diverse, immigrant and refugee sample from largely low-income households, designed to examine risk and protective factors for child weight and weight-related behaviors in the home environment. The Family Matters study intentionally recruited White, Black, Hmong, Latino, Native American, and Somali parents with young children. Parents in phase 1 of the study completed 8 days of EMA on their smartphones, which included signal-contingent surveys (eg, asking about the parent’s stress at the time of the survey), event-contingent surveys (eg, descriptions of the meal the child ate), and end-of-day surveys (eg, overall assessment of the child’s day).

Results
A detailed description of EMA strategies, protocols, and methods used in phase 1 of the Family Matters study is provided. Compliance with EMA surveys and participants’ time spent completing EMA surveys are presented and stratified by race and ethnicity. In addition, lessons learned while conducting phase 1 EMA are shared to document how EMA methods were improved and expanded upon for phase 2 of the Family Matters study.

Conclusions
The results from this study provided an important next step in identifying best practices for EMA use in assessing weight-related behaviors in the home environment.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/30525