bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Virologic Characteristics and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 at a Cancer Center
Authors: Yoke Leah H , Lee Juhye M , Krantz Elizabeth M , Morris Jessica , Marquis Sara , Bhattacharyya Pooja , So Lisa , Riedo Francis X , Simmons Jason , Khaki Ali Raza , Cheng Guang-Shing , Greninger Alexander L , Pergam Steven A , Waghmare Alpana , Ogimi Chikara , Liu Catherine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
High morbidity and mortality have been observed in patients with cancer and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, there are limited data on antimicrobial use, coinfections, and viral shedding.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients at the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 28, 2020 and June 15, 2020 to characterize antimicrobial use, coinfections, viral shedding, and outcomes within 30 days after diagnosis. Cycle threshold values were used as a proxy for viral load. We determined viral clearance, defined as 2 consecutive negative results using severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction results through July 30, 2020.

Results
Seventy-one patients were included with a median age of 61 years; 59% had a solid tumor. Only 3 patients had documented respiratory bacterial coinfection. Empiric antibiotics for pneumonia were prescribed more frequently early in the study period (February 29–March 28, 2020; 12/34) compared to the later period (March 29–June 15, 2020; 2/36) (P = .002). The median number of days from symptom onset to viral clearance was 37 days with viral load rapidly declining in the first 7–10 days after symptom onset. Within 30 days of diagnosis, 29 (41%) patients were hospitalized and 12 (17%) died. Each additional comorbidity was associated with 45% lower odds of days alive and out of hospital in the month following diagnosis in adjusted models.

Conclusions
Patients at a cancer center, particularly those with multiple comorbidities, are at increased risk of poor outcomes from COVID-19. Prolonged viral shedding is frequently observed among cancer patients, and its implications on transmission and treatment strategies warrant further study.
Prospective Clinical Assessments of Hospitalized Patients With Positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR Tests for Necessity of Isolation
Authors: Rhee Chanu , Baker Meghan A , Kanjilal Sanjat , Tucker Robert , Vaidya Vineeta , Badwaik Amy , Blaeser Elizabeth Mermel , Coughlin Cassie , Elloyan Jennifer , Hsieh Candace , Holtzman Meghan , Solem Ofelia , Klompas Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We prospectively assessed 536 hospitalized patients with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction tests for infectiousness based on symptoms, cycle thresholds, and SARS-CoV-2 history, with repeat testing and serologies in select cases. One hundred forty-eight (28%) patients were deemed noninfectious, most with evidence of prior infection, and managed on standard precautions without evidence of transmission.
Delayed Rise of Oral Fluid Antibodies, Elevated BMI, and Absence of Early Fever Correlate With Longer Time to SARS-CoV-2 RNA Clearance in a Longitudinally Sampled Cohort of COVID-19 Outpatients
Authors: Antar Annukka A R , Yu Tong , Pisanic Nora , Azamfirei Razvan , Tornheim Jeffrey A , Brown Diane M , Kruczynski Kate , Hardick Justin P , Sewell Thelio , Jang Minyoung , Church Taylor , Walch Samantha N , Reuland Carolyn , Bachu Vismaya S , Littlefield Kirsten , Park Han-Sol , Ursin Rebecca L , Ganesan Abhinaya , Kusemiju Oyinkansola , Barnaba Brittany , Charles Curtisha , Prizzi Michelle , Johnstone Jaylynn R , Payton Christine , Dai Weiwei , Fuchs Joelle , Massaccesi Guido , Armstrong Derek T , Townsend Jennifer L , Keller Sara C , Demko Zoe O , Hu Chen , Wang Mei-Cheng , Sauer Lauren M , Mostafa Heba H , Keruly Jeanne C , Mehta Shruti H , Klein Sabra L , Cox Andrea L , Pekosz Andrew , Heaney Christopher D , Thomas David L , Blair Paul W , Manabe Yukari C 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSustained molecular detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in the upper respiratory tract (URT) in mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is common. We sought to identify host and immune determinants of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection.MethodsNinety-five symptomatic outpatients self-collected midturbinate nasal, oropharyngeal (OP), and gingival crevicular fluid (oral fluid) samples at home and in a research clinic a median of 6 times over 1–3 months. Samples were tested for viral RNA, virus culture, and SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronavirus antibodies, and associations were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsViral RNA clearance, as measured by SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in 507 URT samples occurred a median (interquartile range) 33.5 (17–63.5) days post–symptom onset. Sixteen nasal-OP samples collected 2–11 days post–symptom onset were virus culture positive out of 183 RT-PCR-positive samples tested. All participants but 1 with positive virus culture were negative for concomitant oral fluid anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The mean time to first antibody detection in oral fluid was 8–13 days post–symptom onset. A longer time to first detection of oral fluid anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92–0.99; P = .020) and body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 (aHR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18–0.78; P = .009) were independently associated with a longer time to SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA clearance. Fever as 1 of first 3 COVID-19 symptoms correlated with shorter time to viral RNA clearance (aHR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.02–4.18; P = .044).ConclusionsWe demonstrate that delayed rise of oral fluid SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, elevated BMI, and absence of early fever are independently associated with delayed URT viral RNA clearance.
Predictors of CMV Infection in CMV-Seropositive Kidney Transplant Recipients: Impact of Pretransplant CMV-Specific Humoral Immunity
Authors: Kirisri Similan , Vongsakulyanon Apirom , Kantachuvesiri Surasak , Razonable Raymund R , Bruminhent Jackrapong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Although cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive solid organ transplant recipients have a relatively lower risk of CMV infection than CMV-seronegative recipients who receive allograft from CMV-seropositive donors, some patients remain at risk of CMV infection after transplant. We investigated the pretransplant CMV-specific humoral immunity (CHI) and other CMV infection predictors in CMV-seropositive kidney transplant (KT) recipients.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted on adult CMV-seropositive KT recipients during 2017 and 2018. The cumulative incidence of CMV infection was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. CHI, measured with an enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay and other predictors for CMV infection, was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
Of the 340 CMV-seropositive KT recipients (37% female; mean ± SD age, 43 ± 11 years), 69% received deceased-donor allograft and 64% received induction therapy. During a mean follow-up of 14 months, the cumulative incidence of CMV infection was 14.8%. In multivariate analysis, low pretransplant CHI (defined as anti-CMV immunoglobulin [IgG] titer &lt;20 AU/mL) was significantly associated with CMV infection (hazard ratio [HR], 2.98; 95% CI, 1.31–6.77; P = .009). Other significant predictors of CMV infection included older donor age (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.06; P = .005), antithymocyte induction therapy (HR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.09–7.74; P = .033), and prolonged cold ischemic time (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.10; P = .002).

Conclusions
A low pretransplant CHI is independently associated with post-transplant CMV infection in CMV-seropositive KT recipients. A quantitative anti-CMV IgG assay could potentially stratify CMV-seropositive patients at risk of CMV infection after KT.
Lower Urine Tenofovir Concentrations Among Individuals Taking Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: Implications for Point-of-Care Testing
Authors: Johnson Kelly A , Niu Xin , Glidden David V , Castillo-Mancilla Jose R , Yager Jenna , MaWhinney Samantha , Morrow Mary , Okochi Hideaki , Cressey Tim R , Drain Paul K , Gandhi Monica , Anderson Peter L , Spinelli Matthew A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
From directly observed therapy studies, urine tenofovir (TFV) levels were 74% lower when taking tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) vs tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Urine TFV remains quantifiable across a range of TAF adherence patterns, but a separate point-of-care lateral flow immunoassay with a lower TFV threshold will be needed to support TAF adherence monitoring.
The Wrong in Negligence
Authors: Oberdiek John 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The elements of the tort of negligence are well known: injury, duty, breach, and actual and proximate cause. It is uncontroversial that the plaintiff must establish each of these elements to make out the prima facie case of negligence. Accordingly, there is no tort unless all of these elements are established. As torts are understood to be wrongs, it seems to follow that there is a wrong if and only if all of the elements of the tort of negligence are satisfied. It seems to follow, then, that the wrong of negligence is constituted by the completed tort of negligence. This is the conclusion that I wish to challenge here. I shall contend that the wrong of negligence does not require the kind of legally cognisable injury that the tort of negligence plainly requires. Causing a material harm to another is not a prerequisite for wronging them. Instead, one wrongs another when one breaches the duty of care that one owes to them.
Value of 3-Dimensional Digital Subtraction Angiography for Detection and Classification of Intracranial Aneurysm Remnants After Clipping
Authors: Marbacher Serge , Halter Matthias , Vogt Deborah R , Kienzler Jenny C , Magyar Christian T J , Wanderer Stefan , Anon Javier , Diepers Michael , Remonda Luca , Fandino Javier 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The current gold standard for evaluation of the surgical result after intracranial aneurysm (IA) clipping is two-dimensional (2D) digital subtraction angiography (DSA). While there is growing evidence that postoperative 3D-DSA is superior to 2D-DSA, there is a lack of data on intraoperative comparison.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the diagnostic yield of detection of IA remnants in intra- and postoperative 3D-DSA, categorize the remnants based on 3D-DSA findings, and examine associations between missed 2D-DSA remnants and IA characteristics.

METHODS
We evaluated 232 clipped IAs that were examined with intraoperative or postoperative 3D-DSA. Variables analyzed included patient demographics, IA and remnant distinguishing characteristics, and 2D- and 3D-DSA findings. Maximal IA remnant size detected by 3D-DSA was measured using a 3-point scale of 2-mm increments.

RESULTS
Although 3D-DSA detected all clipped IA remnants, 2D-DSA missed 30.4% (7 of 23) and 38.9% (14 of 36) clipped IA remnants in intraoperative and postoperative imaging, respectively (95% CI: 30 [ 12, 49] %; P-value .023 and 39 [23, 55] %; P-value = <.001), and more often missed grade 1 (< 2 mm) clipped remnants (odds ratio [95% CI]: 4.3 [1.6, 12.7], P-value .005).

CONCLUSION
Compared with 2D-DSA, 3D-DSA achieves a better diagnostic yield in the evaluation of clipped IA. Our proposed method to grade 3D-DSA remnants proved to be simple and practical. Especially small IA remnants have a high risk to be missed in 2D-DSA. We advocate routine use of either intraoperative or postoperative 3D-DSA as a baseline for lifelong follow-up of clipped IA.
Low reproductive success of the endangered Iberá Seedeater in its only known breeding site, the Iberá Wetlands, Argentina
Authors: Browne Melanie , Turbek Sheela P , Pasian Constanza , Di Giacomo Adrián S 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSubtropical grasslands are highly susceptible to habitat conversion and number among South America’s most threatened ecosystems. The grasslands of northeastern Argentina have been identified as a priority conservation area for threatened capuchino seedeaters because they constitute the main breeding area of these migratory birds. The Iberá Seedeater (Sporophila iberaensis) is a newly described species in the Iberá Wetlands in Argentina whose biology is still poorly understood. The endangered species inhabits grasslands but has only been reported to breed in the Iberá Wetlands ecoregion of northeastern Argentina. To explore the species’ association with grassland vegetation, we studied the breeding biology (clutch size, hatching success, and fledgling production) of the Iberá Seedeater and the main parameters that influence nest survival and nest-site selection. We conducted nest searches and banded adults and nestlings in Iberá National Park during the breeding seasons of 2016–2018. The breeding season of the Iberá Seedeater was highly synchronous and the cumulative probability of nest survival was 0.16. The daily nest survival rate decreased as the breeding season advanced, survival was lower for nests supported by Rhynchospora corymbosa than Paspalum durifolium, the two main nest substrates, and the main causes of nest failure were nest predation and strong winds. Additionally, the population exhibited male-biased site fidelity and a low female return rate. In contrast to other capuchinos, whose breeding biology is associated with upland grasslands, the Iberá Seedeater nested exclusively in flooded lowland grasslands on marsh plants. Thus, effective lowland grassland management is key to maintain the vegetation structure required for reproduction in the Iberá Seedeater.
Integrating tracking and resight data enables unbiased inferences about migratory connectivity and winter range survival from archival tags
Authors: Rushing Clark S , Van Tatenhove Aimee M , Sharp Andrew , Ruiz-Gutierrez Viviana , Freeman Mary C , Sykes Paul W , Given Aaron M , Sillett T Scott 
Published: April 2021

AbstractArchival geolocators have transformed the study of small, migratory organisms but analysis of data from these devices requires bias correction because tags are only recovered from individuals that survive and are re-captured at their tagging location. We show that integrating geolocator recovery data and mark–resight data enables unbiased estimates of both migratory connectivity between breeding and nonbreeding populations and region-specific survival probabilities for wintering locations. Using simulations, we first demonstrate that an integrated Bayesian model returns unbiased estimates of transition probabilities between seasonal ranges. We also used simulations to determine how different sampling designs influence the estimability of transition probabilities. We then parameterized the model with tracking data and mark–resight data from declining Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) populations breeding in the eastern United States, hypothesized to be threatened by the illegal pet trade in parts of their Caribbean, nonbreeding range. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that male buntings wintering in Cuba were 20% less likely to return to the breeding grounds than birds wintering elsewhere in their range. Improving inferences from archival tags through proper data collection and further development of integrated models will advance our understanding of the full annual cycle ecology of migratory species.
Avian taxonomy in turmoil: The 7-point rule is poorly reproducible and may overlook substantial cryptic diversity
Authors: Rheindt Frank E , Ng Elize Y X 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The ornithological world has 4 global checklists (as of early 2020). While 3 follow the results of peer-reviewed research at varying pace and conservatism, the HBW/BirdLife checklist, which is adopted by the global Red List authority, has implemented Tobias et al.’s (2010) 7-point scoring system to overhaul global ornithological treatment. Critically received in some academic quarters, this scoring system is lauded by other ornithologists for its simplicity and reproducibility, a claim that remains to be tested. We subjected 26 ornithologists to a set of 48 bird skins belonging to 20 controversial taxonomic complexes and observed a wide variance in scoring results, in most cases straddling anywhere from far below to above the species threshold of the 7-point rule and casting doubt on claims of high reproducibility. For a detailed assessment of genuine taxonomic discord, we compared the taxonomic coverage of the avifauna of the Indonesian Archipelago (comprising ~1,400 species) between the HBW/BirdLife checklist, other major authorities, and the peer-reviewed literature. We detected that controversial treatments supported by the 7-point rule but at odds with the peer-reviewed literature predominantly refer to lumps, not splits, which are the usual subject of modern taxonomic quarrels. Notably, the method tends to unite morphologically (and sometimes vocally) cryptic forms into single larger species because of its inability to accommodate molecular and massive bioacoustic datasets that would indicate otherwise. On the other hand, the 7-point rule has produced numerous novel proposals for splits that may or may not be corroborated by future peer-reviewed inquiry. We recommend the 7-point rule as one of the multiple unofficial exploratory tools to flag cases of potentially cryptic species requiring further inquiry, but we advise against its adoption by other taxonomic authorities and the ornithological community.
Bill size, bill shape, and body size constrain bird song evolution on a macroevolutionary scale
Authors: Demery Amelia-Juliette Claire , Burns Kevin J , Mason Nicholas A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStudying macroevolutionary patterns of phenotypic variation and their driving forces in large radiations can shed light on how biodiversity is generated across broad spatiotemporal scales. In this study, we integrated song and morphological variation across more than 300 species representing the largest family of songbirds, the tanagers (Thraupidae), to uncover how morphological variables of the vocal tract combine to shape vocal evolution on a macroevolutionary scale. We found that body size correlated with multiple frequency parameters, concurring with past studies that show how body size constrains vocal evolution. Furthermore, bill size predicted multiple frequency and temporal song characters while bill shape was strongly associated with trill rates, suggesting that bill size and shape both constrain distinct elements of avian song independently of body size covariation. Our results demonstrate that the relationship between morphology and song exhibits modular variation when expanded to a macroevolutionary scale. Furthermore, our study emphasizes the need to consider multiple components of the avian vocal tract when exploring the macroevolutionary interplay of morphological traits and acoustic signals.
Phytoplankton nutritional quality is altered by shifting Si:N ratios and selective grazing
Authors: Makareviciute-Fichtner Kriste , Matthiessen Birte , Lotze Heike K , Sommer Ulrich 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Diatoms often dominate phytoplankton in temperate, polar and upwelling regions. Decreases in silicate availability or silicon to nitrogen (Si:N) ratios may induce silicon limitation in diatoms and lower their proportion within phytoplankton communities. The effects of such changes on the nutritional quality of phytoplankton are not well understood. To examine how changing Si:N ratios affect plankton nutritional value, we applied a range of Si:N ratios on a natural plankton community and manipulated grazing pressure to assess top-down effects of copepod selective grazing. Diatom proportion in phytoplankton increased with increasing Si:N ratios and so did phytoplankton nutritional quality in terms of major fatty acid concentrations, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids. However, stoichiometric quality (carbon to nitrogen and carbon to phosphorus ratios), DHA:EPA and omega 3:6 (ω3:ω6) ratios declined with increasing Si:N ratios, suggesting that proportions between essential compounds in copepod diet may be more favorable in lowered Si:N ratios. Copepods had a negative effect on DHA contents, DHA:EPA and ω3:ω6 ratios, indicating possible selective grazing on more nutritious plankton. Our findings show that declining silicate concentrations can affect stoichiometric and biochemical quality of phytoplankton, which copepods can also moderate by selective grazing.
Arabidopsis myosin XIK interacts with the exocyst complex to facilitate vesicle tethering during exocytosis
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Huang Lei , Zhang Chunhua , Staiger Christopher J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Myosin motors are essential players in secretory vesicle trafficking and exocytosis in yeast and mammalian cells; however, similar roles in plants remain a matter for debate, at least for diffusely growing cells. Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) myosin XIK, via its globular tail domain (GTD), participates in the vesicle tethering step of exocytosis through direct interactions with the exocyst complex. Specifically, myosin XIK GTD bound directly to several exocyst subunits in vitro and functional fluorescently tagged XIK colocalized with multiple exocyst subunits at plasma membrane (PM)-associated stationary foci. Moreover, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of myosin XI activity reduced the rate of appearance and lifetime of stationary exocyst complexes at the PM. By tracking single exocytosis events of cellulose synthase (CESA) complexes with high spatiotemporal resolution imaging and pair-wise colocalization of myosin XIK, exocyst subunits, and CESA6, we demonstrated that XIK associates with secretory vesicles earlier than exocyst and is required for the efficient localization and normal dynamic behavior of exocyst complex at the PM tethering site. This study reveals an important functional role for myosin XI in secretion and provides insights about the dynamic regulation of exocytosis in plants.
Augmenting Household Expenditure Forecasts with Online Employee-generated Company Reviews
Authors: Symitsi Efthymia , Stamolampros Panagiotis , Karatzas Antonios 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe assess the ability of online employee-generated content in predicting consumption expenditures. In so doing, we aggregate millions of employee expectations for the next six-month business outlook of their employer and build an employee sentiment index. We test whether forward-looking employee sentiment can contribute to baseline models when forecasting aggregate consumption in the United States and compare its performance to well-established, survey-based consumer sentiment indexes. We reveal that online employee opinions have incremental information that can be used to augment the accuracy of consumption forecasting models and inform economic policy decisions.