bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limiting the Uncoordinated N Species in M–Nx Single‐Atom Catalysts toward Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction in Broad Voltage Range
Authors: Xi Dawei , Li Jiayi , Low Jingxiang , Mao Keke , Long Ran , Li Jiawei , Dai Zehui , Shao Tianyi , Zhong Yuan , Li Yu , Li Zibiao , Loh Xian Jun , Song Li , Ye Enyi , Xiong Yujie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCarbon‐supported single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are extensively studied because of their outstanding activity and selectivity toward a wide range of catalytic reactions. Amidst its development, excess dopants (e.g., nitrogen) are always required to ensure the high loading content of SACs on the carbon support. However, the use of excess dopants is accompanied by formation of miscellaneous structures (particularly the uncoordinated N species) on catalysts, leading to adverse effects on their performance. Herein, the synthesis of carbon‐supported Ni SACs with precisely controlled single‐atom structure via joule heating strategy, showing the coordination of 80% of N dopants with metal elements, is reported. The preclusion of the unfavorable N species is confirmed to be the main reason for the superior performance of optimized Ni SACs in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction, which demonstrates unprecedented activity, selectivity, and stability under an exceptionally broad voltage range (>92% CO selectivity in the range of −0.7 to −1.9 V reversible hydrogen electrode). Such a synthetic strategy is further applicable for the design of SACs with various metals. This work demonstrates a facile method for preclusion of unfavorable dopants in the SACs and its importance in catalytic application.
Interfacial Laser‐Induced Graphene Enabling High‐Performance Liquid−Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Chen Yun , Xie Bin , Long Junyu , Kuang Yicheng , Chen Xin , Hou Maoxiang , Gao Jian , Zhou Shuang , Fan Bi , He Yunbo , Zhang Yuan‐Ting , Wong Ching‐Ping , Wang Zuankai , Zhao Ni 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLaser‐induced graphene (LIG) has emerged as a promising and versatile method for high‐throughput graphene patterning; however, its full potential in creating complex structures and devices for practical applications is yet to be explored. In this study, an in‐situ growing LIG process that enables to pattern superhydrophobic fluorine‐doped graphene on fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)‐coated polyimide (PI) is demonstrated. This method leverages on distinct spectral responses of FEP and PI during laser excitation to generate the environment preferentially for LIG formation, eliminating the need for multistep processes and specific atmospheres. The structured and water‐repellant structures rendered by the spectral‐tuned interfacial LIG process are suitable as the electrode for the construction of a flexible droplet‐based electricity generator (DEG), which exhibits high power conversion efficiency, generating a peak power density of 47.5 W m−2 from the impact of a water droplet 105 µL from a height of 25 cm. Importantly, the device exhibits superior cyclability and operational stability under high humidity and various pH conditions. The facile process developed can be extended to realize various functional devices.
Controllable Solution‐Phase Epitaxial Growth of Q1D Sb2(S,Se)3/CdS Heterojunction Solar Cell with 9.2% Efficiency
Authors: Jin Xin , Fang Yanan , Salim Teddy , Feng Minjun , Yuan Zhengtian , Hadke Shreyash , Sum Tze Chien , Wong Lydia Helena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAntimony sulfoselenide (Sb2(S,Se)3) is a promising photoabsorber for stable and high efficiency thin film photovoltaics (PV). The unique quasi‐1D (Q1D) crystal structure gives Sb2(S,Se)3 intriguing anisotropic optoelectronic properties, which intrinsically require the optimization of crystal growth orientation, especially for electronic devices with vertical charge transport such as solar cells. Although the efficiency of Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells has been improved greatly through optimizing the material quality, the fundamental issue of crystal orientation control in polycrystalline films remains unsolved, resulting in charge carrier recombination losses in the device. Herein, the epitaxial growth of vertically‐oriented Sb2(S,Se)3 film on hexagonal CdS is successfully realized via a solution‐based synergistic crystal growth process. The crystallographic orientation relationship between Sb2(S,Se)3 light absorber and the CdS substrate has been rigorously investigated. The best performing Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cell shows a high power conversion efficiency of 9.2% owing to the faster charge transport in the bulk and the efficient charge extraction across the heterojunction. This study points to a new direction to control the crystal growth of mixed‐anion Sb2(S,Se)3, which is crucial to achieve high efficiency solar cells based on antimony chalcogenides with low dimensionality.
Signal Filtering Enabled by Spike Voltage‐Dependent Plasticity in Metalloporphyrin‐Based Memristors
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Wang Laiyuan , Wu Yiming , Bian Linyi , Nagai Masaru , Jv Ruolin , Xie Linghai , Ling Haifeng , Li Qi , Bian Hongyu , Yi Mingdong , Shi Naien , Liu Xiaogang , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeural systems can selectively filter and memorize spatiotemporal information, thus enabling high‐efficient information processing. Emulating such an exquisite biological process in electronic devices is of fundamental importance for developing neuromorphic architectures with efficient in situ edge/parallel computing, and probabilistic inference. Here a novel multifunctional memristor is proposed and demonstrated based on metalloporphyrin/oxide hybrid heterojunction, in which the metalloporphyrin layer allows for dual electronic/ionic transport. Benefiting from the coordination‐assisted ionic diffusion, the device exhibits smooth, gradual conductive transitions. It is shown that the memristive characteristics of this hybrid system can be modulated by altering the metal center for desired metal–oxygen bonding energy and oxygen ions migration dynamics. The spike voltage‐dependent plasticity stemming from the local/extended movement of oxygen ions under low/high voltage is identified, which permits potentiation and depression under unipolar different positive voltages. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, memristive arrays are further built to emulate the signal filtering function of the biological visual system. This work demonstrates the ionic intelligence feature of metalloporphyrin and paves the way for implementing efficient neural‐signal analysis in neuromorphic hardware.
Doping Process of 2D Materials Based on the Selective Migration of Dopants to the Interface of Liquid Metals
Authors: Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Zavabeti Ali , Mousavi Maedehsadat , Murdoch Billy J. , Christofferson Andrew J. , Meftahi Nastaran , Tang Jianbo , Han Jialuo , Jalili Rouhollah , Allioux Francois‐Marie , Mayyas Mohannad , Chen Zibin , Elbourne Aaron , McConville Chris F. , Russo Salvy P. , Ringer Simon , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe introduction of trace impurities within the doping processes of semiconductors is still a technological challenge for the electronics industries. By taking advantage of the selective enrichment of liquid metal interfaces, and harvesting the doped metal oxide semiconductor layers, the complexity of the process can be mitigated and a high degree of control over the outcomes can be achieved. Here, a mechanism of natural filtering for the preparation of doped 2D semiconducting sheets based on the different migration tendencies of metallic elements in the bulk competing for enriching the interfaces is proposed. As a model, liquid metal alloys with different weight ratios of Sn and Bi in the bulk are employed for harvesting Bi2O3‐doped SnO nanosheets. In this model, Sn shows a much stronger tendency than Bi to occupy surface sites of the Bi–Sn alloys, even at the very high concentrations of Bi in the bulk. This provides the opportunity for creating SnO 2D sheets with tightly controlled Bi2O3 dopants. By way of example, it is demonstrated how such nanosheets could be made selective to both reducing and oxidizing environmental gases. The process demonstrated here offers significant opportunities for future synthesis and fabrication processes in the electronics industries.
Micro‐Crack Assisted Wrinkled PEDOT: PSS to Detect and Distinguish Tensile Strain and Pressure Based on a Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Xiao Yu , Xu Yun , Qu Changming , Liu Hanyun , Zhang Shaochun , Lin Fangqi , Wu Weitong , Song Guofeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe rapid advancements in wearable electronics are boosting the development of stretchable sensors. However, it is still a challenge to detect and distinguish multiple signals just using a single device. Here, a device made of micro‐crack assisted wrinkled poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is demonstrated, that can simultaneously detect and distinguish between tensile strain and pressure, based on the variation of resistance and single electrode mode triboelectric nanogenerator (S‐TENG). For the tensile strain sensing mode, the device, with εpre of 100% and micro‐cracks, shows a gauge factor (GF) of 1.75 with 40% linear tensile strain. For the S‐TENG based tactile sensing mode, this device has a superior pressure sensitivity of about 0.51 V N−1 in the pressure range of 0–24 N. This device demonstrates great stability and durability. By using two different methods, it can be applied on the human body to monitor the tensile strain and pressure without crosstalk. This work is promising for the development of wearable sensors and self‐powered electronics.
Recent Advances in Functional Bacterial Cellulose for Wearable Physical Sensing Applications
Authors: Huang Jieyu , Zhao Min , Hao Yi , Wei Qufu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFlexible physical sensors have attracted increasing attention due to their wide applications in human motion monitoring, human–machine interfaces, smart robots, and personalized medicine in recent years. As a natural biomass, bacterial cellulose (BC) plays an important role in the development of new generation sensors due to the low cost, renewability and biodegradability, 3D porous structure, mechanical flexibility, and robustness, which acts as a substrate, a reinforcing agent, and an active material in the forms of hydrogel, 3D aerogel, nanofiber dispersion, etc. Herein, three construction strategies of BC‐based functional sensing materials including in‐situ biosynthesized method, physical method, and chemical modification are briefly introduced. The focus then turns to the recent advances of functional BC for various sensing applications. Finally, an outlook of the future prospects for developing BC‐based functional sensing materials is presented.
Smart Refreshable Braille Display Device Based on Magneto‐Resistive Composite with Triple Shape Memory
Authors: Hu Tao , Xuan Shouhu , Gao Yinduan , Shu Quan , Xu Zhenbang , Sun Shuaishuai , Li Jun , Gong Xinglong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBraille devices made from stimuli‐active polymers have provided a new approach for obtaining information on Braille text. However, it is still essential to find a more convenient and effective method to develop multifunctional Braille devices with shape memory effects to broaden their applications. Here, a novel smart refreshable Braille display based on triple‐shape memory and magnetoresistive composite is developed with the advantages of simple fabrication, multifunctionality, and harmlessness for blind people. The triple shape memory effect enables this device to record the Braille text information and display the text using a complex Braille dot array. The stimuli‐dependent conductivity produces a simultaneous electrical sensing signal when Braille dots are touched, thus the reading areas can be distinguished. Therefore, this multifunctional flexible composite has the potential to realize a refreshable and portable Braille e‐book in the future.
Lithium Niobate on Insulator: An Emerging Platform for Integrated Quantum Photonics
Authors: Saravi Sina , Pertsch Thomas , Setzpfandt Frank 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDue to its properties, lithium niobate is one of the most suitable material platforms for the implementation of integrated optical quantum circuits. With the commercialization of lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) substrates in the recent years, the lithium niobate nanostructuring technology has progressed immensely. Now nanostructured LNOI components can be fabricated with a quality on par with any other material platform, and could act as effective building blocks for integrated quantum circuits. The advanced nanostructuring technology combined with its favorable material properties make the LNOI platform a real contender for the realization of large‐scale optical quantum circuits. The aim of this perspective article is to examine the utility of the LNOI platform toward this goal. To do this, first the availability of the individual components that can act as the building blocks for such circuits is investigated. Afterward, a fully on‐chip implementation of a multiplexed source of single photons on the LNOI platform is envisioned, which is a highly challenging task in all material platforms. Based on the performance of the state‐of‐the‐art components on the LNOI platform, the performance of such a device is quantified and the areas in which more progress is needed are pointed out.
Spectrometer‐free Optical Hydrogen Sensing Based on Fano‐like Spatial Distribution of Transmission in a Metal−Insulator−Metal Plasmonic Doppler Grating
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ju , Lin Fan‐Cheng , Singh Ankit Kumar , Ouyang Lei , Huang Jer‐Shing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOptical nanosensors are promising for hydrogen sensing because they are small, free from spark generation, and feasible for remote optical readout. Conventional optical nanosensors require broadband excitation and spectrometers, rendering the devices bulky and complex. An alternative is spatial intensity‐based optical sensing, which only requires an imaging system and a smartly designed platform to report the spatial distribution of analytical optical signals. Here, a spatial intensity‐based hydrogen sensing platform is presented based on Fano‐like spatial distribution of the transmission in a Pd‐Al2O3‐Au metal‐insulator‐metal plasmonic Doppler grating (MIM‐PDG). The MIM‐PDG manifests the Fano resonance as an asymmetric spatial transmission intensity profile. The absorption of hydrogen changes the spatial Fano‐like transmission profiles, which can be analyzed with a “spatial” Fano resonance model and the extracted Fano resonance parameters can be used to establish analytical calibration lines. While gratings sensitive to hydrogen absorption are suitable for hydrogen sensing, hydrogen insensitive gratings are also found, which provide an unperturbed reference signal and may find applications in nanophotonic devices that require a stable optical response under fluctuating hydrogen atmosphere. The MIM‐PDG platform is a spectrometer‐free and intensity‐based optical sensor that requires only an imaging system, making it promising for cellphone‐based optical sensing applications.
High Performance Inkjet‐Printed Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with High Operational Stability
Authors: Jia Siqi , Tang Haodong , Ma Jingrui , Ding Shihao , Qu Xiangwei , Xu Bing , Wu Zhenghui , Li Guangyu , Liu Pai , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractImproving the stability of inkjet‐printed quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs) is critical for the technology to become commercially viable. The major obstacle is the compromise between the printability of the ink system and the functionality of the carrier transport layers. Here, a ternary ink system consisting of octane, 1‐cyclohexyl‐ethanol, and n‐butyl acetate is reported, which solves the erosion between the printed quantum dot ink and the underneath hole transport layer. A gradient vacuum post‐treatment is developed to accompany the ternary ink system with gradient vacuum pressures, which is helpful in forming a uniform printing layer. Based on both technologies, the inkjet‐printed R/G/B QLEDS are fabricated with high resolution patterns, showing high efficiencies and stabilities. The external quantum efficiency of R/G/B devices is 19.3%, 18.0%, and 4.4%, respectively. Correspondingly, the half operating lifetime is up to 25 178 h @ 1000 cd m−2, 20 655 h @ 1000 cd m−2, and 46 h @ 100 cd m−2, respectively. The improvements in the ink engineering and post‐treatment in this study have taken the efficiency and stability of the devices to a higher level and confirm the application prospects of printed QLEDs in the display industry.
A Highly Efficient Eu2+ Excited Phosphor with Luminescence Tunable in Visible Range and Its Applications for Plant Growth
Authors: Kang Ziyong , Wang Shichuan , Seto Takatoshi , Wang Yuhua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA series of RbxK2−xCaPO4F:Eu2+ phosphors are synthesized using a high‐temperature solid‐phase method. An increase in the Rb+ concentration leads to the Eu2+‐excited phosphor emission spectra being shifted from red to cyan. Interestingly, the excitation spectrum does not exhibit any variations, which indicates the possibility of mixing the red (Rb0.2K1.8CaPO4F:Eu2+) and cyan (Rb2CaPO4F:Eu2+) phosphors for plant growth. This luminescence tuning is attributed to the substitution of K+ with Rb+, which produces an inferior crystal‐field splitting that increases the energy at the lowest 5d level, and enhances the rigidity of the crystal structure, which results in a gradual decrease in the Stokes shift and a consequent blue shift in the emission spectrum. Time‐resolved photoluminescence emission spectroscopy further confirms the occurrence of broadband emission owing to the occupation of multiple sites by Eu2+. Light‐emitting devices appropriate for plant growth are fabricated by mixing the two phosphors with a 380‐nm UV chip, and a light‐conversion film is prepared using the red phosphor and PDMS glue. The Chlorella‐based plant growth experiment reveals that the growth rate of Chlorella is 12.2% higher than that of the blank group, indicating the favorable effect of the light‐conversion film on plant growth.
Rapid Catalytic Water Disinfection from Earth Abundant Ca2Fe2O5 Brownmillerite
Authors: Vanags Mārtiņš , Mežule Linda , Spule Arnita , Kostjukovs Juris , Šmits Krišjānis , Tamm Aile , Juhna Talis , Vihodceva Svetlana , Käämbre Tanel , Baumane Larisa , Začs Dzintars , Vasiliev Grigory , Turks Maris , Mierina Inese , Sherrell Peter C. , Šutka Andris 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWater disinfection is a crucial challenge for humanity. Approaches that are effective, cheap, environmentally friendly, and do not promote gene exchange between bacteria are urgently required. Strongly oxidizing radicals are highly promising to achieve this as they lead to bacterial activation at high efficiencies. However, sources to consistently generate these radicals are limited to high energy UV/H2O2 treatments requiring a large energy input. Here the use of abundant, cheap, brownmillerite (Ca2Fe2O5) is demonstrated as an efficient radical generation material under dark conditions, showing a seven order of magnitude decrease in bacterial concentration over 10 min. This decrease is attributed to the release of interlayer Ca2+ from the layered structure of Ca2Fe2O5 and hydroxyl radical generation. The efficacy of Ca2Fe2O5 is demonstrated by disinfecting turbid sewage sludge. The identification of this cheap, abundant, and nontoxic antibacterial material will provide an opportunity for broad scale clean water generation globally, and address the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal of clean water and sanitation.
The Journey of Water Remediation through Biomimetic Strategies: A Mechanistic Insight
Authors: Sen Gupta Ria , Padmavathy Nagarajan , Bose Suryasarathi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNature‐driven designs for water crisis have shown much interest in energy‐efficient water treatment. This review discusses four different bioinspired systems, aquaporin membranes, mussel‐inspired amine‐based membranes, supramolecular architectures, and cactus/mangrove desalination. The authors have also delineated their contributions and mechanisms toward forming water pathways for effective desalination. The discussion is mainly channelized toward constructing generic approaches based on membranes with diverse shapes and dimensions, including hierarchically structured membranes. The separation properties of these bioinspired systems stem from their chemical and physical structures imparting selectivity in the separation of ions, pollutants, etc. Further, this review covers the practical methodologies for next‐generation energy‐efficient membranes and outlines the perspectives regarding the upcoming developments in water technology.
Positive Effect of Parasitic Monoclinic Phase of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 on Ferroelectric Endurance
Authors: Song Tingfeng , Estandía Saúl , Tan Huan , Dix Nico , Gàzquez Jaume , Fina Ignasi , Sánchez Florencio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEndurance of ferroelectric HfO2 needs to be enhanced for its use in commercial memories. This work investigates fatigue in epitaxial Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) instead of polycrystalline samples. Using different substrates, the relative amount of orthorhombic (ferroelectric) and monoclinic (paraelectric) phases is controlled. Epitaxial HZO films almost free of parasitic monoclinic phase suffer severe fatigue. In contrast, fatigue is mitigated in films with a greater amount of paraelectric phase. This suggests that fatigue can be intrinsically pronounced in ferroelectric HZO. It is argued that the enhancement of endurance in films showing coexisting phases results from the suppression of pinned domain propagation at ferroelectric–paraelectric grain boundaries, in contrast with a rapid increase of the size of the pinned domains in single ferroelectric regions.
Asymmetric Character of the Ferroelectric Phase Transition and Charged Domain Walls in a Hybrid Improper Ferroelectric
Authors: Weber Mads C. , Zemp Yannik , Trassin Morgan , Simonov Arkadiy , Schaab Jakob , Gao Bin , Cheong Sang‐Wook , Lottermoser Thomas , Fiebig Manfred 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn improper ferroelectrics, the spontaneous ordering is typically driven by a structural distortion or a magnetic spin alignment. The induced electric polarization is only a secondary effect. This dependence is a rich source for unusual phenomena and ferroelectric domain configurations for proper, polarization‐driven ferroelectrics. This study focuses on the polar domain structure and the hysteretic behavior at the ferroelectric phase transition in Ca3Mn1.9Ti0.1O7 as a representative of the recently discovered hybrid improper ferroelectric class of multiferroics. Combining optical second harmonic generation and Raman spectroscopy gives access to the spontaneous structural distortion and the resulting improper electric polarization. This study shows that hybrid improper ferroelectrics contrast proper and improper ferroelectrics in several ways. Most intriguingly, adjacent ferroelectric domains favor head‐to‐head and tail‐to‐tail domain walls over charge‐neutral configurations. Furthermore, the phase transition occurs in an asymmetric fashion. The regime of phase coexistence of the nonpolar and polar phases shows a clear and abrupt upper temperature limit. In contrast, the coexistence toward low temperatures is best described as a fade‐out process, where 100‐nm‐sized islands of the nonpolar phase expand deep into the polar phase.