bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Yoga Studies Dispositif
Authors: Di Placido Matteo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper I provide a preliminary account of the Yoga Studies Dispositif, that is, that specific apparatus of knowledge production, legitimization, and dissemination that has allowed the birth and development of the discipline of “modern yoga research” as an autonomous field of study and, in turn, has asserted the study of modern forms of yoga as its primary object of inquiry. More specifically, and in line with the constructionist epistemology taken by the “discursive study of religion” approach, I focus on the processes of boundary-work and boundary-object creation of modern yoga research and argue that these are the most influential discursive strategies adopted in the formation of this new discipline. Following on this premise, I contend that similar processes of demarcation and conceptual production are also pivotal to the birth and development of other sub-disciplines within the study of religion.
A Critical Perspective on Syndemic Theory and Social Justice
Authors: Weiss Nicole M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Syndemic theory proposes that social phenomena play critical roles in the production and spreading of epidemics and that a syndemic is the result of multiple, adversely interacting epidemics. As currently framed, only the co-occurrence of multiple biological epidemics constitutes a syndemic – social phenomena are treated as risk factors but not epidemics in their own right. I argue that social phenomena such as direct violence (e.g. interpersonal violence, genocide, ethnic cleansing, colonialism, and imperialism) and structural violence (e.g. poverty, racism, historical trauma, and political disenfranchisement) are widespread and adversely affect health in many Indigenous communities, thus meeting the definition of an epidemic. As such, I propose that syndemic theory must be reconceptualized to consider biological and social epidemics, with both types framed as treatable and preventable. Wider acceptance of this frame across disciplines facilitates creation of a collective action frame, which in turn allows us to demand accountability from policymakers – and to demand justice.
Studying Up: Four Modalities, Two Challenges
Authors: Gusterson Hugh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In her 1973 article “up the anthropologist” Laura Nader called on anthropologists to engage in critical studies of the relationship between powerful institutions and the broader society, using a “vertical slice” approach. But Nader worried that participant observation was hard in the context of studying up, and yet it has been presented as definitive of anthropology’s methodology. This article discusses four methodological strategies for studying up in the light of this concern: insider ethnography; covert ethnography; remote ethnography; and adapted participant observation. The first two have intellectual or ethical liabilities. The last is increasingly normalized. Going forward, anthropologists studying up face two obstacles: first, the increasingly totalizing hold of corporate and government workplaces over their employees, even when they are not at work; and, second, university institutional review boards (irb s) concerned to avoid conflictual or critical research.
Enhanced Feedback between Shallow Convection and Low-Level Moisture Convergence Leads to Improved Simulation of MJO Eastward Propagation
Authors: Liu Yan , Tan Zhe-Min , Wu Zhaohua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recent study indicates that the non-instantaneous interaction of convection and circulation is essential for evolution of large-scale convective systems. It is incorporated into cumulus parameterization (CP) by relating cloud-base mass flux of shallow convection to a composite of subcloud moisture convergence in the past 6 h. Three pairs of 19-yr simulations with original and modified CP schemes are conducted in a tropical channel model to verify their ability to reproduce the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). More coherent tropical precipitation and improved eastward propagation signal are observed in the simulations with the modified CP schemes based on the non-instantaneous interaction. It is found that enhanced feedback between shallow convection and low-level moisture convergence results in amplified shallow convective heating, and then generates reinforced moisture convergence, which transports more moisture upward. The improved simulations of eastward propagation of the MJO are largely attributed to higher specific humidity below 600 hPa in the free troposphere to the east of maximum rainfall center, which is related to stronger boundary layer moisture convergence forced by shallow convection. Large-scale horizontal advection causes asymmetric moisture tendencies relative to rainfall center (positive to the east and negative to the west) and also gives rise to eastward propagation. The zonal advection, especially the advection of anomalous specific humidity by mean zonal wind, is found to dominate the difference of horizontal advection between each pair of simulations. The results indicate the vital importance of non-instantaneous feedback between shallow convection and moisture convergence for convection organization and the eastward MJO propagation.
Guided evaluation activities to understand children’s experience of an obesity prevention programme
Authors: Tucker Kathryn , Ingram Maia , Martinez Diana , Sander Alicia , Flores Roxanna 
Published: October 2021

Objective: In this paper, we describe an approach to engage young children in evaluating the impact of La Vida Buena, a community health worker–led childhood obesity intervention for Latino children aged 5–8 years. Design: This paper describes the collaborative process used to pilot, refine, implement and evaluate evaluation activities, including a drawing and sorting activity, with child participants. Setting: La Vida Buena was implemented with Latino children aged 5–8 years and their parents or caregivers. The children were patients at a Federally Qualified Community Health Centre in a rural town on the US–Mexico Border. The intervention was implemented in a community setting. Methods: Participants were invited to participate in Guided Evaluation Activities during the 3-month and 6-month data collection points. Children participated in a drawing and sorting activity and discussion facilitated by teenage health facilitators or a community health worker. An observer took notes during the activities, and results were analysed by a university evaluator and La Vida Buena staff. Results: Findings demonstrated that the children understood some key messages of the class and identified important areas for improvement in the curriculum content and delivery. Conclusion: By designing evaluation methods that take the unique needs and perspectives of children into account, health promotion programmes can move beyond relying on parent-centric evaluation approaches and gain a deeper understanding of how children experience health intervention programmes.
Institutional Values in Judicial Review of Administrative Action: Re-Reading Attorney-General (NSW) V Quin
Authors: Blayden Lynsey 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOwing to its focus on statutory interpretation, judicial review of administrative action in Australia has been perceived to be ‘formalist’, particularly when compared with review in comparable nations such as England. This led Michael Taggart to characterise review in Australia as ‘exceptionalist’. The judgment of Brennan J in Attorney-General (NSW) v Quin, in which Brennan J emphasised the importance of courts remaining away from ‘the merits’ of administrative decision-making while exercising the supervisory jurisdiction has become closely associated with the view that review in Australia is rigid and formalist. In this article, I re-evaluate the judgment of Brennan J and place it in the context of its facts and of its time. This helps to reveal that the approach to judicial review of administrative action set out by Brennan J in Quin should not be seen as formalist. Rather, both Brennan J’s approach and the contemporary ‘statutory approach’ to judicial review can be seen as informed by values connected with what are understood to be the appropriate functions of each institution of government found within the Australian political system.
Clinical Significance of Mast Cells in the Supraglottic Larynx of Children With Aerodigestive Disease
Authors: Mace Emily L. , Zhao Shilin , Lipscomb Brittany , Wootten Christopher T. , Belcher Ryan H. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo analyze the association of mast cells found on supraglottic biopsy of pediatric patients with common aerodigestive diseases.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary care children’s hospital.MethodsA total of 461 pediatric patients undergoing otolaryngology aerodigestive procedures provided consent between 2014 and 2019, and biopsies of the supraglottic larynx were collected at the time of their surgery. Pathologists reviewed biopsies for the presence and number of mast cells per high‐power field. The patients’ electronic health records were reviewed for relevant demographic data and clinical diagnoses present at the time of biopsy. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship of mast cells with odds of aerodigestive disease.ResultsPatients with mast cells in their biopsy had significantly higher odds of asthma (odds ratio [OR], 2.02; 95% CI, 1.17‐3.46), gastroesophageal reflux disease (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.47‐3.77), laryngomalacia (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.80‐4.94), laryngeal anomalies (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.52‐3.55), and obstructive sleep apnea (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.35‐3.45). When mast cells were evaluated as a continuous variable, there was a nonlinear relationship between increasing mast cell count and odds of disease.ConclusionsMast cells are known to be associated with inflammatory conditions, though little is known about their presence in laryngeal inflammation. Results from our study demonstrate an association between mast cells in the pediatric larynx and asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, laryngomalacia, laryngeal anomalies, and obstructive sleep apnea. Our study also showed a nonlinear relationship between number of mast cells and odds of disease diagnosis.
Supine PCNL-5 year experience in a tertiary care center
Authors: Gupta Sandeep , Sandhu Ankit , Pal Dilip Kumar 
Published: October 2021

Objective: The prone position for percutaneous nephrolithomy (PCNL) has been widely practiced. There has been a shift from prone position to supine position which showed numerous benefits. The aim of our study is to describe the 5 year experience from the perspective of a tertiary care center using a modified Galdakao supine Valdivia position for total tubeless ultra mini supine PCNL, total tubeless supine PCNL, tubeless supine PCNL, and standard supine PCNL. Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 90 patients who underwent supine PCNL at the tertiary care center during the period of 5 years from January 2017 to January 2021. The data collection was done from patients’ medical records. Pre operatively, complete examination of the patients with laboratory investigations were done. The modified Clavien classification system was used to classify the perioperative complications of PCNL. Results: Operative time was lowest for ultra mini supine PCNL (50 ± 10.4 min) compared to standard supine PCNL (58 ± 11.2 min). Stones were single in 54 patients and multiple in 40 patients with 4 patients with staghorn stones. The size of the stones in the largest dimension ranged from 1.2 to 5.5 cm.Complete clearance was achieved in 84 (89.7%) patients. Seven patients (7.2%) developed mild fever and four patients (4.5%) required blood transfusion. Conclusion: We found supine PCNL to be an immensely convenient, time-saving practice, and with higher stone free rate compared to prone PCNL. The different techniques of supine PCNL were also useful in patients with horseshoe kidney and calyceal diverticulum which resulted in good outcomes in these patients.
COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Thrombosis With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (TTS): A Systematic Review and Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad Usman , Ikram Maha , Shafiq Zunaira , Sarfraz Azza , Sarfraz Zouina , Jaiswal Vikash , Sarfraz Muzna , Chérrez-Ojeda Ivan 
Published: October 2021

Background A new clinical syndrome has been recognized following the COVID-19 vaccine, termed thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS). The following systematic review focuses on extrapolating thrombotic risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with TTS following the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods We utilized the World Health Organization's criteria for a confirmed and probable case of TTS following COVID-19 vaccination and conducted a systematic review and posthoc analysis using the PRISMA 2020 statement. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS V25 for factors associated with mortality, including age, gender, anti-PF4/heparin antibodies, platelet nadir, D-dimer peak, time to event diagnosis, arterial or venous thrombi. Results Of the 175 studies identified, a total of 25 studies with 69 patients were included in this systematic review and post hoc analysis. Platelet nadir ( P < .001), arterial or venous thrombi ( χ2 = 41.911, P = .05), and chronic medical conditions ( χ2 = 25.507, P = .041) were statistically associated with death. The ROC curve analysis yielded D-dimer (AUC = .646) and platelet nadir (AUC = .604) as excellent models for death prediction. Conclusion Adenoviral COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to trigger TTS, however, reports of patients having received mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are also present. Healthcare providers are recommended to maintain a high degree of suspicion among individuals who have received the COVID-19 vaccine within the last 4 weeks.
COVID-19 Resulted in Lower Grades for Male High School Students and Students With ADHD
Authors: Breaux Rosanna , Dunn Nicholas C. , Langberg Joshua M. , Cusick Caroline N. , Dvorsky Melissa R. , Becker Stephen P. 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Researchers have speculated that the COVID-19 pandemic may expand the academic performance gap experienced by at-risk students. We examined learning experiences during the 2020 to 2021 school year and the impact the pandemic has had on high school student grade point average (GPA), including predictors of change in GPA from 2019–2020 to 2020–2021. Method: Participants were 238 adolescents (55.5% male), 49.6% with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in the United States. Adolescents reported on their GPAs via online surveys. Results: GPA significantly decreased on average from 2019–2020 to 2020–2021 school year. ADHD status and biological sex significantly moderated change—students with ADHD and male students reported decreased GPA, whereas students without ADHD and female students’ GPA did not change. Low income and Black/Latinx students had lower GPAs in both school years. Conclusion: It is imperative that additional supports be provided for at-risk students to help them catch up on missed learning during the pandemic.
Estimation of sample size in randomized controlled trials in multiple sclerosis studying annualized relapse rates: A systematic review
Authors: Poncet-Megemont Louis , Pereira Bruno , Rollot Fabien , Sormani Maria Pia , Clavelou Pierre , Moisset Xavier 
Published: October 2021

Background: In multiple sclerosis (MS) studies, the most appropriate model for the distribution of the number of relapses was shown to be the negative binomial (NB) distribution. Objective: To determine whether the sample-size estimation (SSE) and the analysis of annualized relapse rates (ARRs) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were aligned and compare the SSE between normal and NB distributions. Methods: Systematic review of phase 3 and 4 RCTs for which the primary endpoint was ARR in relapsing remitting MS published since 2008 in pre-selected major medical journals. A PubMed search was performed on 30 November 2020. We checked whether the SSE and ARR analyses were congruent. We also performed standardized (fixed α/β, number of arms and overdispersion) SSEs using data collected from the studies. Results: Twenty articles (22 studies) were selected. NB distribution (or quasi-Poisson) was used for SSE in only 7/22 studies, whereas 21/22 used it for ARR analyses. SSE relying on NB regression necessitated a smaller sample size in 21/22 of our calculations. Conclusion: SSE was rarely performed using the most appropriate model. However, the use of an NB model is recommended to optimize the number of included patients and to be congruent with the final analysis.
Canadian general internal medicine residents’ perception of a pedagogical tool of online cases in obstetric medicine
Authors: Cumyn Annabelle , Sauvé Nadine , St-Onge Christina 
Published: October 2021

Background Sufficient exposure to rarer medical problems around pregnancy is a challenge during short rotations in obstetric medicine (OM). A Canadian research group created online clinical cases, the CanCOM cases, to overcome this. Methods We conducted an exploratory study to document the use and perceived utility of the CanCOM cases. 77 residents doing an OM rotation participated in our study. We used a survey to document their perception of CanCOM cases (12 items, 7-point scale), clinical exposure to several conditions (pre and post rotation; 41 items, 7-point scale) and use of the educational tool (1 item, 4-option scale). Results CanCOM cases was perceived as an accessible and useful tool. Participants completed a median of 6/20 cases (range 1–20), and highly recommended the cases (6.48 ± 0.73 SD on a 7-point Likert scale). Conclusion Despite some technical limitations, CanCOM cases was shown to contribute to clinical exposure to rare but essential medical conditions.
Use of patient reported experience measure and patient reported outcome measures to evaluate differences in surgical or non-surgical management of humeral shaft fractures
Authors: Athanatos Lambros , Sandean Darren P , Burgula Maitravaarun , Lee Bethan , Pandey Radhakant , Singh Harvinder P 
Published: October 2021

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of patient reported experience measures (PREMs) in humeral shaft fractures managed with or without surgery against patient reported outcome measures (PROMs). Methods Adult patients treated for a humeral shaft fracture between June 2015 and August 2017 were included in non-surgery and surgery (early and late surgery) groups. The PREM questionnaire was based on patient and clinician feedback obtained during focus groups and was posted to patients. PROMs included the short form-12 (SF-12) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, stiffness, function and satisfaction. Results Eighty-one patients responded, 54 patients were treated in a brace and 27 with surgery (13 early, 14 late). There was moderate positive correlation between PREM and VAS satisfaction and function and moderate negative correlation with VAS pain and stiffness. There was also moderate positive correlation between PREM and SF-12 mental and weak positive correlation with SF-12 physical. The late surgery group had poorer PREMs (expectations, p = 0.002 and friends & family test, p = 0.0001) and PROMs (VAS satisfaction, p = 0.005) compared to the early surgery group. Conclusions PREMs can be used in conjunction with PROMs to improve the patient's quality of care and as a means of identifying, at an early stage, those patients not doing well and to offer surgery.
Experiences of infection prevention and control in clinical practice of nursing students in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Appiah Evans Osei , Appiah Stella , Menlah Awube , Baidoo Michael , Awuah Dorothy Baffour , Isaac Nimako Boansi 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Globally, infections acquired from hospitals pose a major obstacle to patients’ safety. Health care workers, especially, nursing students are at high risk for Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) as they are always in contact with clients. Therefore, this study aims to explore experiences of infection prevention and control in the clinical practice of nursing students in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Methods: The study utilized a qualitative exploratory design to interview 42 participants (7 focus groups, comprising of 6 members each). A purposive sampling technique was employed to select the participants, who were engaged in 50–90 min’ focus group discussions. Data collection lasted for 3 months and was analyzed using content analysis. NVivo version 12 Software was used to identify recurrent themes from the transcribed data Results: The results revealed two main themes: preventive practices against hospital-acquired infections and barriers toward infection prevention practices. The subthemes under the preventive practices were as follows: views on HAIs preventive practices, barrier nursing, hand washing and use of sanitizers, aseptic techniques, and sterilization. Increased workload, lack of superior support, and inadequate resources emerged under the barriers toward infection prevention practices. Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that most of the student nurses had adequate information about HAIs and wish to adhere to the Infection prevention protocols. However, the participants observed poor infection prevention practices among the staff they were learning from. It is therefore recommended that more attention is focused on infection prevention and control in clinical practice among nurses.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Schaff Lauren R. , Grommes Christian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare extranodal lymphomatous malignancy that affects the brain, spinal cord, leptomeninges, or vitreoretinal space, without evidence of systemic involvement. The diagnosis of PCNSL requires a high level of suspicion because clinical presentation varies depending upon involved structures. Initiation of treatment is time sensitive for optimal neurologic recovery and disease control. In general, the prognosis of PCNSL has improved significantly over the past few decades, largely as a result of the introduction and widespread use of high-dose methotrexate (MTX) chemotherapy, which is considered the backbone of first-line polychemotherapy treatment. Upon completion of MTX-based treatment, a consolidation strategy is often required to prolong duration of response. Consolidation can consist of radiation, maintenance therapy, nonmyeloablative chemotherapy, or myeloablative treatment followed by autologous stem cell transplant. Unfortunately, even with consolidation, relapse is common, and 5-year survival rates stand at only 30% to 40%. Novel insights into the pathophysiology of PCNSL have identified key mechanisms in tumor pathogenesis, including activation of the B-cell receptor pathway, immune evasion, and a suppressed tumor immune microenvironment. These insights have led to the identification of novel small molecules targeting these aberrant pathways. The Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib and immunomodulatory drugs (lenalidomide or pomalidomide) have shown promising clinical response rates for relapsed/refractory PCNSL and are increasingly used for the treatment of recurrent disease. This review provides a discussion of the clinical presentation of PCNSL, the approach to work-up and staging, and an overview of recent advancements in the understanding of the pathophysiology and current treatment strategies for immunocompetent patients.