bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Misconception of Mg2+ Insertion into Prussian Blue Analogue Structures from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Komayko Alena I. , Ryazantsev Sergey V. , Trussov Ivan A. , Arkharova Natalya A. , Presnov Denis E. , Levin Eduard E. , Nikitina Victoria A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrussian blue analogues (PBAs) are commonly believed to reversibly insert divalent ions, such as calcium and magnesium, rendering them as perspective cathode materials for aqueous magnesium‐ion batteries. In this study, the occurrence of Mg2+ insertion into nanosized PBA materials is shown to be a misconception and conclusive evidence is provided for the unfeasibility of this process for both cation‐rich and cation‐poor nickel, iron, and copper hexacyanoferrates. Based on structural, electrochemical, IR spectroscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance data, the charge compensation of PBA redox can be attributed to protons rather than to divalent ions in aqueous Mg2+ solution. The reversible insertion of protons involves complex lattice water rearrangements, whereas the presence of Mg2+ ion and Mg salt anion stabilizes the proton (de)insertion reaction through local pH effects and anion adsorption at the PBA surface. The obtained results draw attention to the design of proton‐based batteries operating in environmentally benign aqueous solutions with low acidity.
Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure does not alter responsiveness to ifenprodil or expression of vesicular GABA and glutamate transporters
Authors: Dannenhoffer Carol A. , Werner David F. , Varlinskaya Elena I. , Spear Linda P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure in the rat results in a retention of adolescent‐like responsiveness to ethanol into adulthood characterized by enhanced sensitivity to socially facilitating and decreased sensitivity to socially suppressing and aversive effects. Similar pattern of responsiveness to social and aversive effects of the selective glutamate NMDA NR2B receptor antagonist ifenprodil is evident in adolescent rats, suggesting that AIE would also retain this pattern of ifenprodil sensitivity into adulthood. Social (Experiment 1) and aversive (measured via conditioned taste aversion; Experiment 2) effects of ifenprodil were assessed in adult male and female rats following AIE exposure. Sensitivity to the social and aversive effects of ifenprodil was not affected by AIE exposure. Experiment 3 assessed protein expression of vesicular transporters of GABA (vGAT) and glutamate (vGlut2) within the prelimbic cortex and nucleus accumbens in adolescents versus adults and in AIE adults versus controls. vGlut2 expression was higher in adolescents relative to adults within the PrL, but lower in the NAc. AIE adults did not retain these adolescent‐typical ratios. These findings suggest that AIE is not associated with the retention of adolescent‐typical sensitivity to NR2B receptor antagonism, along with no AIE‐induced shift in vGlut2 to vGAT ratios.
Inter‐ and intrasex habitat partitioning in the highly dimorphic southern elephant seal
Authors: Hindell Mark A. , McMahon Clive R. , Jonsen Ian , Harcourt Robert , Arce Fernando , Guinet Christophe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPartitioning resources is a key mechanism for avoiding intraspecific competition and maximizing individual energy gain. However, in sexually dimorphic species it is difficult to discern if partitioning is due to competition or the different resource needs of morphologically distinct individuals. In the highly dimorphic southern elephant seal, there are intersexual differences in habitat use; at Iles Kerguelen, males predominantly use shelf waters, while females use deeper oceanic waters. There are equally marked intrasexual differences, with some males using the nearby Kerguelen Plateau, and others using the much more distant Antarctic continental shelf (~2,000 km away). We used this combination of inter and intrasexual behavior to test two hypotheses regarding habitat partitioning in highly dimorphic species. (a) that intersexual differences in habitat use will not appear until the seals diverge in body size and (b) that some habitats have higher rates of energy return than others. In particular, that the Antarctic shelf would provide higher energy returns than the Kerguelen Shelf, to offset the greater cost of travel. We quantified the habitat use of 187 southern elephant seals (102 adult females and 85 subadult males). The seals in the two groups were the same size (~2.4 m) removing the confounding effect of body size. We found that the intersexual differences in habitat use existed before the divergence in body size. Also, we found that the amount of energy gained was the same in all of the major habitats. This suggests that the use of shelf habitats by males is innate, and a trade‐off between the need to access the large benthic prey available on shelf waters, against the higher risk of predation there. Intrasexual differences in habitat use are another trade‐off; although there are fewer predators on the Antarctic shelf, it is subject to considerable interannual fluctuations in sea‐ice extent. In contrast, the Kerguelen Plateau presents more consistent foraging opportunities, but contains higher levels of predation. Habitat partitioning in this highly dimorphic species is therefore the result of complex interplay of life history strategies, environmental conditions and predation pressure.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation/Annulation of Aromatic Hydroxamic Acid Esters with Enamides Leading to Aminal Motifs
Authors: Dana Suman , Sureshbabu Popuri , Giri Chandan Kumar , Baidya Mahiuddin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHydroxamic acid ester directed C(sp2)−H activation/annulation strategy has been reported employing electron‐rich enamides under Ru(II)‐catalysis to access aminal frameworks. Both N‐vinyl acetamide and N‐vinyl formamide delivered aminals bearing dihydroisoquinolinone motif in good yields. Under modified reaction conditions, vinyl acetate bestowed the selective formation of 3,4‐unsubstituted isoquinolones. The protocol operates under mild conditions, where the C−H ruthenation step is reversible and apparently not the rate‐determining step.
Experimental investigation to enhance the low‐temperature nitrogen oxide emission reduction in biodiesel exhaust using selective catalytic reduction with direct ammonia injection and manganese cerium zirconia catalyst
Authors: Joseph Jayanth , Pachamuthu Senthilkumar , Solomon Jenoris Muthiya , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSelective catalytic reduction (SCR) employs AdBlue, a reducing agent over a catalytic surface to reduce the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission in diesel engines. SCR's inherent problem is its poor cold start performance at exhaust temperatures below 150°C. In the current work, the researcher has discussed the investigation of two techniques to enhance low‐temperature NOx conversion and combined them to achieve the best results. First, AdBlue injection was replaced by gaseous ammonia injection. The gaseous ammonia was generated by heating solid ammonia precursor materials such as solid urea and ammonium carbonate. Second, to improve the catalytic performance, MnCeZrOx catalysts were introduced instead of conventional CuZ catalysts. MnCeZrOx were prepared in the laboratory using its component materials. The prepared catalyst was tested through SEM and EDAX analysis. The newly developed SCR system was tested and compared with a conventional Adblue‐CuZ SCR. The results revealed with diesel fuel at exhaust temperatures below 150°C the ammonia‐MnCeZrOx SCR system gave a 90% increase in NOx reduction compared to the conventional system. With biodiesel blend jatropha B20 the conversion was greater than 80% from 100 to 150°C. A maximum NOx conversion of 95% was obtained for diesel and 93% for jatropha Biodiesel blend B20.
Channel response to a dam‐removal sediment pulse captured at high‐temporal resolution using routine gage data
Authors: Cashman Matthew J. , Gellis Allen C. , Boyd Eric , Collins Mathias J. , Anderson Scott W. , McFarland Brett D. , Ryan Ashley M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, we captured how a river channel responds to a sediment pulse originating from a dam removal using multiple lines of evidence derived from streamflow gages along the Patapsco River, Maryland, USA. Gages captured characteristics of the sediment pulse, including travel times of its leading edge (~7.8 km yr−1) and peak (~2.6 km yr−1) and suggest both translation and increasing dispersion. The pulse also changed local hydraulics and energy conditions, increasing flow velocities and Froude number, due to bed fining, homogenization and/or slope adjustment. Immediately downstream of the dam, recovery to pre‐pulse conditions occurred within the year, but farther downstream recovery was slower, with the tail of the sediment pulse working through the lower river by the end of the study 7 years later.The patterns and timing of channel change associated with the sediment pulse were not driven by large flow or suspended sediment‐transporting events, with change mostly occurring during lower flows. This suggests pulse mobility was controlled by process‐factors largely independent of high flow.In contrast, persistent changes occurred to out‐of‐channel flooding dynamics. Stage associated with flooding increased during the arrival of the sediment pulse, 1 to 2 years after dam removal, suggesting persistent sediment deposition at the channel margins and nearby floodplain. This resulted in National Weather Service‐indicated flood stages being attained by 3–43% smaller discharges compared to earlier in the study period.This study captured a two‐signal response from the sediment pulse: (1) short‐ to medium‐term (weeks to months) translation and dispersion within the channel, resulting in aggradation and recovery of bed elevations and changing local hydraulics; and (2) dispersion and persistent longer‐term (years) effects of sediment deposition on overbank surfaces. This study further demonstrated the utility of US Geological Survey gage data to quantify geomorphic change, increase temporal resolution, and provide insights into trajectories of change over varying spatial and temporal scales.
Tracking and Assessing Oil Spill Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms: A Novel Approach
Authors: Burton G.A. , Cervi E.C. , Rosen G. , Colvin M. , Chadwick B. , Hayman N. , Allan S.E. , DiPinto L.M. , Adams R. , McPherson M. , Scharberg E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An in situ exposure and effects bioassay system was developed for assessing the toxicity of oil spills to aquatic organisms. The assessment tool combines components of 2 previously developed systems, the sediment ecotoxicity assessment ring (SEA Ring) and the drifting particle simulator. The integrated drifting exposure and effects assessment ring (DEEAR) is comprised of a Global Positioning System (GPS) float, a drifter drogue, the SEA Ring, and the Cyclops-7 fluorescent sensor. Polyethylene passive sampling devices (PED) were mounted for an additional means to characterize water quality conditions and exposures. The DEEAR is optimized for evaluating oil exposure and toxicity in the shallow surface mixing layer of marine waters. A short-term preliminary test was conducted in San Diego, California, USA, to verify the operation of the GPS tracking, the iridium communications, and the integrated SEA Ring exposure system. Further, a proof-of-concept demonstration was conducted offshore in the Santa Barbara Channel, where natural oil seeps produce surface slicks and sheens. Two DEEAR units were deployed for 24 h—one within the oil slick and one in an area outside observable slicks. An aerial drone provided tracking of the surface oil and optimal sites for deployment. The DEEAR proof-of-concept demonstrated integrated real-time tracking and characterization of oil exposures by grab samples, PED, and fluorescent sensors. Oil exposures were directly linked to toxic responses in fish and mysids. This novel integrated system shows promise for use in a variety of aquatic sites to more accurately determine in situ oil exposure and toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1452–1462. © 2021 SETAC
Black Feminist Ethnography and the Racial Politics of Porter Labor in Ghana
Authors: Bowles Laurian R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBlack scholars have long been at the forefront of ethnographic accounts of race and racism. Still, ethnicity rather than race is a preferred valence for understanding identity politics in Africa. The marginalization of African and diasporic women's intellectual output on race and gender on the continent contributes to a vision of Africans as perennial subjects and overlooks a rich discourse on global antiblackness and white supremacy. With ethnographic attention to Ghanaian women migrants known as kayayoo/kayayei (head porter[s]), this article draws on the work of Black women scholars – and African feminists in particular—to interrogate the racial politics of gender in Africa. In addition to analyzing the enforcement of class hierarchies, I examine how migrant exclusion at Accra's Makola Market reflects racialized sentiments about rural Ghana that are associated with slavery and colonial sensibilities about modernity. To meet these aims, I draw on somatic praxis of radical listening and haptic experience to demonstrate how affective relationships can productively theorize race and exclusion in Ghana.
Intracellular ethanol‐mediated oxidation and apoptosis in HepG2/CYP2E1 cells impaired by two active peptides from seahorse (Hippocampus kuda bleeler) protein hydrolysates via the Nrf2/HO‐1 and akt pathways
Authors: Qian Zhong‐Ji , Chen Mei‐Fang , Chen Jiali , Zhang Yi , Zhou Chunxia , Hong Pengzhi , Yang Ping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeahorse (Hippocampus kuda Bleeler) are representative marine species in aquaculture, with special value of medicine and food. In this study, the protective effects of two peptides from seahorse hydrolysates (SHP‐1 and SHP‐2) against ethanol‐mediated oxidative stress in HepG2/CYP2E1 cells were investigated. Firstly, SHP‐1 and SHP‐2 presented no cytotoxicity. Compared with the ethanol‐treated groups, SHP‐1 and SHP‐2 increased cell viability in a concentration‐dependent manner. Secondly, SHP‐1 and SHP‐2 markedly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, gamma‐glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activity, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels and remarkably enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities. SHP‐1 and SHP‐2 also down‐regulated the expressions of GGT, bax, c‐caspase‐8/‐9/‐3, p‐Akt, p‐IκB‐α, p‐p65, p‐ERK, and p‐p38 but up‐regulated SOD, GSH, NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), and bcl‐2 levels, as revealed by Western blot analysis. Moreover, SHP‐1 and SHP‐2 increased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reduced DNA damage, and suppressed the nuclear translocation of p65. These results suggest that two peptides from seahorse hydrolysates can be considered a potential functional biomaterial and further improve the use value of seahorse in aquaculture.
Using artificial neural network in predicting the key fruit quality of loquat
Authors: Huang Xiao , Wang Huakun , Qu Shenchun , Luo Wenjie , Gao Zhihong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe formation and regulation of loquat fruit quality have always been an important research field to improve fruit quality, commodities, and market value. Fruit size, soluble solids content, and titratable acid content represent the most important quality factors in loquat. Mineral nutrients in abundance or deficiency are among the most important key factor that affect fruit quality. In the present study, we use artificial neural network (ANN) to explore the effects of mineral nutrients in soil and leaves on the key fruit quality of loquat. The results show that the ANN model with the structure of 12–12–1 can predict the single fruit weight with the highest accuracy (R2 = .91), the ANN model with the structure of 10–11–1 can predict the soluble solid content with the highest accuracy (R2 = .91), and the ANN model with the structure of 9–10–1 can predict the titratable acid content with the highest accuracy (R2 = .95). Meanwhile, we also conduct sensitivity analysis to analyze the relative contribution of mineral nutrients in soils and leaves to determine of the key fruit quality. In terms of relative contribution, Ca, Fe, and Mg content in soils and Zn, K, and Ca content in leaves contribute relatively largely to a single fruit weight, Mn, Fe, and Mg content in soils and the N content in leaves contribute relatively largely to the soluble solid content, and the P, Ca, N, Mg, and Fe in leaves contribute relatively largely to the titratable acid content of loquat. The established artificial neural network prediction models can improve the quality of loquat fruit by optimizing the content of mineral elements in soils and leaves.
Neural correlates of recursive thinking during interpersonal strategic interactions
Authors: Zhen Shanshan , Yu Rongjun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo navigate the complex social world, individuals need to represent others' mental states to think strategically and predict their next move. Strategic mentalizing can be classified into different levels of theory of mind according to its order of mental state attribution of other people's beliefs, desires, intentions, and so forth. For example, reasoning people's beliefs about simple world facts is the first‐order attribution while going further to reason people's beliefs about the minds of others is the second‐order attribution. The neural substrates that support such high‐order recursive reasoning in strategic interpersonal interactions are still unclear. Here, using a sequential‐move interactional game together with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we showed that recursive reasoning engaged the frontal‐subcortical regions. At the stimulus stage, the ventral striatum was more activated in high‐order reasoning as compared with low‐order reasoning. At the decision stage, high‐order reasoning activated the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and other mentalizing regions. Moreover, functional connectivity between the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and the insula/hippocampus was positively correlated with individual differences in high‐order social reasoning. This work delineates the neural correlates of high‐order recursive thinking in strategic games and highlights the key role of the interplay between mPFC and subcortical regions in advanced social decision‐making.
A vicious cycle of symbolic tokenism: The gendered effects of external board memberships on chief executive officer compensation
Authors: Malhotra Shavin , Shen Winny , Zhu PengCheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntegrating theoretical perspectives on tokenism and perceived preferential selection, we explore whether the relationship between chief executive officers' (CEOs') external board memberships and CEO compensation is gendered. Based on recent pressures to diversify corporate boards, we theorize that female CEOs' memberships on external boards will result in less monetary compensation relative to male CEOs due to concerns of organizational decision‐makers that female CEOs generally inhabit token or “symbolic” positions of limited value. Additionally, we present competing hypotheses (i.e., mitigation vs. exacerbation) regarding how this devaluation will be affected by female representation on the board of directors and compensation committee, respectively. Using a panel sample of 12,464 firm‐year observations comprising of 1,805 unique firms and 2,782 unique CEOs, the relationship between CEO external board memberships and compensation is indeed weaker for female compared to male CEOs. Furthermore, this devaluation primarily occurred in organizations where there was stronger (vs. weaker) female representation on the board of directors or compensation committee. However, supplemental analyses revealed that this differential devaluation was mitigated when female executives on the board held greater power (i.e., chaired important committees), highlighting the importance of moving beyond mere representation to ensuring influence on boards for female directors.
Mean residence time of lagoons in shallow vegetated floodplains
Authors: Serra Teresa , Font Estel , Soler Marianna , Barcelona Aina , Colomer Jordi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLagoons interspersed within wetlands are expected to increase the residence time of the flow in the system which, in turn, will lead to enhanced pollutant removal thus ensuring a good ecological status of the ecosystem. In this study, lagoons interspersed in vegetated wetlands have been mimicked in the laboratory to develop a theoretical model to establish the impact three major driving parameters (the vegetation density surrounding a lagoon, the depth aspect ratio [length vs. depth] of the lagoon and the circulating flow – through the Reynolds number) have on determining the residence time of the flow in the lagoon. The results indicate that, according to the maximum free available area of the flow, the presence of vegetation (Juncus maritimus) decreases the residence time. In addition, an increase in the Reynolds number of the circulating flow in the wetlands also resulted in a decrease in the lagoon residence time. Nevertheless, lagoon residence times were found to depend on the depth of the lagoon, with deeper lagoons having higher residence times. The length of the lagoon, however, was found not to affect the residence time. High lagoon residence times in either natural or constructed wetlands are desirable because they enhance pollutant removal from the water. Although, if the residence times are too long, this may lead to anoxic water conditions that could in fact threaten the wetland's ecosystem.
Does market power explain margins in dual banking? Evidence from panel quantile regression
Authors: Khattak Mudeer A. , Saiti Buerhan , Khan Shabeer 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper examines whether banks with greater market power have more control over the net interest margin. To this end, we employ panel quantile regression (QR) to a sample of Islamic and conventional banks from 14 dual banking countries during 2005–2018. Our empirical findings show that greater market power in a dual banking system results in a higher net interest margin, which is in line with the mainstream theory of monopolistic competition. After introducing the Islamic interaction dummy in the model, we find that in the case of Islamic banks the result is significant only for higher quantiles of bank margins. This study also has some policy implications, namely that the concentration of market power can be countered by developing a competitive environment among the banks to have competitive bank margins. We further suggest that to get a higher profit margin, Islamic banks need to be more competitive and more efficient while deciding the profit margins.