bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Mortality in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Benghazi Pediatric Hospital– Libya.
Authors: Alharam Zahra Mansour , Elsaeti Isaada , Alferjani Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

This research aims to study mortality rates and identify the direct causes of neonatal deaths among newborns at Benghazi Pediatric Hospital. A descriptive case series study was conducted during 2015. Data included; birth weight, gender, residency, duration of hospital stay, age of neonates at death, and causes of death. Out of 1610 neonatal admissions reviewed, the total number of deaths was 122 during 2015. The data focused on death certificates of neonates and showed that the male gender was predominant (62.3 %). Most of them had a birth weight ranged between 2-2.9 Kg. Approximately 52 % of neonatal deaths in one day were of newborns <1 week old, and 54% were full-term newborns. The most frequent direct single cause of death in neonates was prematurity, then neonatal sepsis and congenital heart disease respectively. The study concluded that the most frequent causes of infant mortality related deaths were prematurity then neonatal sepsis. Furthermore, future research is recommended, and the calculation of early and late neonatal mortality rate with the availability of total live births.
Trastornos del sueño y cáncer
Authors: Uclés Villalobos, Vanessa , Hernández Ugarte María Fernanda 
Published: October 2021

Los pacientes con cáncer, son afectados hasta dos veces más que la población en general, por trastornos del sueño, incluido el insomnio. Estas alteraciones pueden deberse a múltiples etiologías, existenfactores predisponentes, precipitantes y perpetuadores,como lo son: rasgos psicológicos del paciente, efectos físicos y biológicos del cáncer o como consecuencia de los tratamientos otorgados. Existen métodos subjetivos y objetivos para el diagnóstico de los trastornos del sueño, entre los cuales se encuentran la polisomnografía, la actigrafía, cuestionarios o escalas, que se aplican al paciente. El tratamiento incluye intervenciones conductuales y psicosociales, actividad física y el tratamiento farmacológico.
Grief among relatives of disappeared persons in the context of state violence: an impossible process?
Authors: Bourguignon Manon , Dermitzel Alice , Katz Muriel 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: During the dictatorships in Latin America, States allied by the Condor Operation used enforced disappearance as a political weapon to spread terror within society. Enforced disappearance is a crime against humanity. According to the OHCHR International Convention, the relatives of disappeared persons are recognized as direct victims. The impact of this crime on families remains a topical issue.
Methods: We conducted a narrative literature review focusing firstly on the impact of enforced disappearance on the relatives and secondly on the specificity of the grieving process for relatives of disappeared persons.
Results and discussion: The literature concerning enforced disappearance allows us to make an inventory of interconnected features explaining the phenomenon of enforced disappearance in the context of state violence. We also emphasize the extensive terminology used to qualify grief among relatives of disappeared persons and the specificity of time in this context. We highlight factors that could jeopardize the grieving process.
Conclusions: The literature clearly shows the political, social and legal issues of enforced disappearance. Relatives of a disappeared person are endlessly confronted with uncertainty, exacerbated by impunity. In this case, time does not seem to support the grieving process. On the contrary, time can reactivate the injury of loss because the disappeared is condemned to an eternally provisional status. Enforced disappearance is an endless torture for some families: its impact on the grieving process deserves further research.
Protecting LGBT+ persons in Africa from torture: Challenges, opportunities, and comparative experiences
Authors: Politi Renata , Esdaile Chris 
Published: October 2021

This news piece is about REDRESS' webinar held on 1 July 2021 on the protection of LGBT+ persons in Africa from torture and ill-treatment. The speakers on that occasion included (i) Victor Madrigal, the UN Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity; (ii) Sibongile Ndashe, founder and Executive Director of the Initiative for Strategic Litigation in Africa (ISLA), based in South Africa; Ayo Sogunro, Manager of the Sexual Orientation, Gender identity and Sex Characteristics Unit at the Centre for Human Rights of the University of Pretoria, in South Africa; and (iv) Gabriela Oporto, from the Peruvian organisation PROMSEX.
This news piece was written by Chris Esdaile and Renata Politi, from REDRESS.
Performance of Kharif Maize (Zea mays L.) with Integrated Nutrient Application
Authors: Singh Gaurav Pratap , Kumar Munish , Kumar Pradeep , Singh Balwant , Prasad Pandey Hanuman , Pandey S. B. 
Published: October 2021

An experiment was conducted on “Performance of Kharif maize (Zea mays L.) with integrated nutrient application” during Kharif 2017, on Soil Conservation and Water Management Farm, CSA University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur on hybrid Maize with three level of inorganic fertilizers (kg/ha) i.e.100% R.D.F. (100 N + 60 P + 40 K+ 20 Z), 75% RDF (75+45+30+15), & 50% RDF (50+30+20+10) along with three Levels of organic manure viz; 15, 20 & 25 ton FYM/ha. On the basis of overall results it can be concluded that the fertility level 75% RDF + 25 t FYM/ha (F2+O3) was found superior over all other treatment combinations of fertility management maximum yield of grain (26.47 q/ha), stover (89.01 q/ha) and water use efficiency is 9.76 kg ha-1 mm-1. The treatment combination F2+O3 (75% RDF + 25 t FYM/ha) is very suitable among over all treatments.
Using cognitive instructions to elicit narrative differences between children's true and false testimonies
Authors: Tong Donia , Wyman Joshua , Talwar Victoria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is a need to tell if children are providing truthful testimonies in legal cases. This study examined differences between children's true and false statements obtained using either an interview that included cognitive instructions or one that did not. Children witnessed a theft that they were asked to deny and were interviewed with or without cognitive instructions. Truth‐tellers were more forthcoming when they were interviewed using cognitive instructions. Honest statements contained more information about the theft than dishonest statements, but only amongst children interviewed using cognitive instructions. All cognitive instructions were effective at eliciting more details from truth‐tellers than liars. Overall, cognitive instructions encourage children to be forthcoming and provide informative testimonies, as well as facilitate lie detection. Findings can inform interviewing practices that incorporate cognitive instructions for forensic and legal professionals to use with child witnesses.
Influence of Hyaluronan Density on the Behavior of Breast Cancer Cells with Different CD44 Expression
Authors: Carvalho Ana M. , Soares da Costa Diana , Reis Rui L. , Pashkuleva Iva 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMolecular gradients are common in biosystems and play an essential role in physiological and pathological processes. During carcinogenesis, for example, hyaluronan (HA) homeostasis is dysregulated by cancer cells and the altered synthesis and degradation processes result in the formation of HA gradients within the tumor microenvironment. Herein, a platform is developed to study the biological role of HA gradient in breast cancer cells. Cells with different aggressiveness and expression of CD44—the main HA receptor usually overexpressed in breast cancers, are selected for this study. The developed platform is compatible with several imaging modalities and allows assessment of cell density, morphology, CD44 expression, and cell motility in a function of HA density. Using high‐throughput analysis, it is shown that cells that do not express CD44 do not change along the gradient, while CD44 positive cells respond differently to the HA gradient depending on the level of CD44 expression and HA density. This different response is associated with the activation of different signaling pathways by the CD44–HA interactions.
Spiderweb Nanomechanical Resonators via Bayesian Optimization: Inspired by Nature and Guided by Machine Learning
Authors: Shin Dongil , Cupertino Andrea , de Jong Matthijs H. J. , Steeneken Peter G. , Bessa Miguel A. , Norte Richard A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFrom ultrasensitive detectors of fundamental forces to quantum networks and sensors, mechanical resonators are enabling next‐generation technologies to operate in room‐temperature environments. Currently, silicon nitride nanoresonators stand as a leading microchip platform in these advances by allowing for mechanical resonators whose motion is remarkably isolated from ambient thermal noise. However, to date, human intuition has remained the driving force behind design processes. Here, inspired by nature and guided by machine learning, a spiderweb nanomechanical resonator is developed that exhibits vibration modes, which are isolated from ambient thermal environments via a novel “torsional soft‐clamping” mechanism discovered by the data‐driven optimization algorithm. This bioinspired resonator is then fabricated, experimentally confirming a new paradigm in mechanics with quality factors above 1 billion in room‐temperature environments. In contrast to other state‐of‐the‐art resonators, this milestone is achieved with a compact design that does not require sub‐micrometer lithographic features or complex phononic bandgaps, making it significantly easier and cheaper to manufacture at large scales. These results demonstrate the ability of machine learning to work in tandem with human intuition to augment creative possibilities and uncover new strategies in computing and nanotechnology.
Purification and anticancer activity of glutaminase and urease‐free l‐asparaginase from novel endophyte Chaetomium sp
Authors: Arumugam Nagarajan , Shanmugam Manoj Kumar , Thangavelu Perarasu 
Published: October 2021

Abstractl‐Asparaginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia. The present work elaborates the isolation and identification of a novel endophytic fungal isolate producing l‐glutaminase and urease‐free l‐asparaginase. Cell growth and enzyme production were investigated for large production. The isolated endophytic fungi were identified at molecular levels and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The enzyme synthesis was evaluated by cultivating the isolated microorganisms in potato dextrose agar medium. Out of 27 isolated endophytes, nine were producing “l‐glutaminase and urease‐free l‐asparaginase.” l‐Asparaginase from Chaetomium sp. exhibited superior enzyme activity than from the other isolates. Observed optimal conditions for l‐asparaginase activity were 25 min of incubation time, 0.5 mg of enzyme source, 40°C of temperature, and pH 7.0. l‐Asparaginase from Chaetomium sp. exhibited anticancer activity on human blood cancer (MOLT‐4) cells. The current study has demonstrated the production of contaminant‐free l‐asparaginase enzyme from endophytic fungal species. The results showed that: (a) maximum enzyme activity was observed for l‐asparaginase from Chaetomium sp., (b) concentration of glucose in the medium as a carbon source suppressed the enzyme production. Chaetomium sp. is a novel source for “l‐glutaminase and urease‐free l‐asparaginase,” which may play a major role in pharmacotherapy.
Collective disadvantage in the context of socioeconomic crisis in Greece: The role of system‐directed anger, politicians‐directed anger and hope in normative and non‐normative collective action participation
Authors: Petkanopoulou Katerina , Chryssochoou Xenia , Zacharia Marianna , Pavlopoulos Vassilis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGroup‐based anger might take different forms depending on the target that is directed at. In this research, conducted in Greece (N = 470), we distinguished between two types of group‐based anger in the context of socioeconomic crisis: Anger directed towards the international system and anger directed towards the local politicians. We showed that politicians‐directed anger is better predicted by the mere perception of collective disadvantage, whereas system‐directed anger by the perceived illegitimacy of disadvantage. We then examined the mediating role of politicians‐directed and system‐directed anger in the relationship between perceived (illegitimate) disadvantage and collective action and the moderating role of hope in these processes. Results revealed that perceived illegitimacy of disadvantage was positively associated to normative and non‐normative collective action through system‐directed anger. Collective disadvantage was negatively linked to normative collective action via politicians‐directed anger but only among participants with low levels of hope. Moreover, collective disadvantage was directly and positively related to both types of collective action but only when hope was high. We discuss the differential implications of the two types of group‐based anger and the role of hope in political participation. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Role of Catalyst Support's Physicochemical Properties on Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation over Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Fraga Gabriel , Santos Mirella S. , Konarova Muxina , Hasan M. D. , Laycock Bronwyn , Batalha Nuno , Pratt Steven 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCatalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) is a promising reaction for valorisation of bio‐based feedstocks via hydrogenation without needing to use H2. Unlike standard hydrogenation, CTH occurs via dehydrogenation (DHD) of a hydrogen donor (H‐donor) and hydrogenation (HYD) of a substrate. Therefore, the “ideal” CTH catalyst must balance the catalysis of both reactions to maximize the hydrogen transfer between H‐donor and substrate with minimal H2 loss to gas (high atom efficiency). Additionally, the H‐donor must be highly stable to prevent secondary reactions with the substrate.Herein we study the impact of the catalyst's properties on CTH of guaiacol using bicyclohexyl, a liquid organic hydrogen carrier, as a H‐donor. The reaction was promoted by palladium dispersed on three typical support materials (γ‐Al2O3, MgO, and SiO2). The performance of these catalysts in the conversion of bicyclohexyl and guaiacol was evaluated, allowing to estimate the H‐transfer efficiency, as well as the potential for recycling the spent H‐donor (bicyclohexyl). The apparent activation energies for DHD of bicyclohexyl and HYD of guaiacol revealed that slow DHD combined with fast HYD, as is the case with Pd/MgO, favours hydrogen transfer efficiency and selectivity towards hydrogenated products. In addition, an investigation of the DHD of bicyclohexyl and HYD of guaiacol independently showed that the affinity between the organic molecules and the support significantly impacts CTH. Indeed, Pd/SiO2 was highly active for both reactions individually and almost inactive for CTH. Consequently, these findings highlight the importance of the interaction between solvent‐substrate‐support in designing catalysts for transfer hydrogenation.
A chemometrician's guide to transfer learning
Authors: Nikzad‐Langerodi Ramin , Andries Erik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTransfer learning (TL), the sub‐discipline of machine learning devoted to learning from different domains, has gained increasing attention over the past decade. With the current contribution, we aim at giving a concise overview on theory, concepts, and applications of TL from a chemometrician's perspective and draw some connections to previous work on calibration model updating/adaptation and calibration transfer. Furthermore, we provide a demonstration of the application of TL in analytical chemistry and discuss the benefits and challenges associate with its use for real‐world problems. We conclude the paper by discussing some open problems and by contemplating on future research directions.
Peristaltic activity of thermally radiative magneto‐nanofluid with electroosmosis and entropy analysis
Authors: Sridhar V. , Ramesh K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe importance of gold and silver nanoparticles in the blood flow has immense applications in biomedicine for the treatment of cancer disease and wound treatment due to their large atomic number and antimicrobial property. The current study deals with the magnetohydrodynamic and electroosmotic radiative peristaltic Jeffrey nanofluid (blood–silver/gold) flow with the effect of slip and convective boundary conditions in the nonsymmetric vertical channel. The nondimensional governing equations have been solved analytically and the exact solutions have been presented for velocity, temperature, shear stress, trapping, entropy generation, pressure gradient and heat transfer coefficient. The pictorial representations have been prepared for the flow quantities with respect to fluid flow parameters of interest. It is noticed from the current study that the gold‐based nanofluids exhibit higher velocity than silver‐based nanofluids. Enhancement of thermal radiation decreases the total entropy generation. The size of the tapered bolus decreases with the enhancement of magnetic field strength. The present model is applicable in designing pharmacodynamic pumps and drug delivery systems.
Impact of Covid‐19 on the therapeutic plasma exchange service within the South East Asian region: Consensus recommendations and global perspectives
Authors: Viswanathan Shanthi , Hiew Fu Liong , Siritho Sasitorn , Apiwattanakul Metha , Tan Kevin , Quek Amy M. L. , Estiasari Riwanti , Remli Rabani , Bhaskar Shalini , Islam Badrul M. , Aye Seinn Mya Mya , Ohnmar Ohnmar , Umapathi Thirugnanam , Keosodsay Say Say , Hoang Nghia T. T. , Yeo Tianrong , Pasco Paul M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) for neuroimmunological disorders has played an increasingly important role within the Southeast Asian (SEA) region. The South East Asian Therapeutic Plasma exchange Consortium (SEATPEC) was formed in 2018 to promote education and research on TPE within the region. The advent of the Covid‐19 pandemic has produced challenges for the development and expansion of this service.MethodologyA qualitative and semi‐quantitative questionnaire‐based survey was conducted by SEATPEC member countries from January to June 2020 (Phase 1) and then from July 2020 to January 2021 in (Phase 2) to assess the impact of Covid‐19 on regional TPE.ObjectivesThe study's main objectives were to explore the challenges experienced and adaptations/adjustments taken by SEATPEC countries in order to continue safe and efficient TPE during the Covid‐19 pandemic.ResultsThe pandemic was found to disrupt the delivery of TPE services in all SEATPEC countries. Contributing factors were multifactorial due to overstretched medical services, staff shortages, quarantines and redeployments, fear of acquiring Covid‐19, movement restriction orders, and patient's psychological fear of attending hospitals/testing for Covid‐19. All SEATPEC countries practiced careful stratification of cases for TPE (electives vs emergencies, Covid‐19 vs non‐Covid‐19 cases). SEATPEC countries had to modify TPE treatment protocols to include careful preprocedure screening of patient's for Covid‐19, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and post‐TPE sanitization of machines and TPE suites.ConclusionBased on the responses of the survey, SEATPEC countries produced a consensus statement with five recommendations for safe and effective TPE within the region.
Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypertension Using 4D Flow MRI
Authors: Cerne John W. , Pathrose Ashitha , Gordon Daniel Z. , Sarnari Roberto , Veer Manik , Blaisdell Julie , Allen Bradley D. , Avery Ryan , Markl Michael , Ragin Ann , Carr James C. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundCardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming an alternative to right heart catheterization (RHC) for evaluating pulmonary hypertension (PH). A need exists to further evaluate cardiac MRI's ability to characterize PH.PurposeTo evaluate the potential for four‐dimensional (4D) flow MRI‐derived pulmonary artery velocities to characterize PH.Study TypeProspective case–control.PopulationFifty‐four PH patients (56% female); 25 controls (36% female).Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T; gradient recalled echo 4D flow and balanced steady‐state free precession cardiac cine.AssessmentRHC was used to derive patients' pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). 4D flow measured blood velocities at the main, left, and right pulmonary arteries (MPA, LPA, and RPA); cine measured ejection fraction, end diastolic, and end systolic volumes (EF, EDV, and ESV). EDV and ESV were normalized (indexed) to body surface area (ESVI and EDVI). Parameters were evaluated between, and within, PH subgroups: pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); PH due to left heart disease (PH‐LHD)/chronic lung disease (PH‐CLD)/or chronic thrombo‐emboli (CTE‐PH).Statistical TestsAnalysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis tests compared parameters between subgroups. Pearson's r assessed velocity, PVR, and volume correlations. Significance definition: P < 0.05.ResultsPAH peak and mean velocities were significantly lower than in controls at the LPA (36 ± 12 cm/second and 20 ± 4 cm/second vs. 59 ± 15 cm/second and 32 ± 9 cm/second). At the RPA, mean velocities were significantly lower in PAH vs. controls (27 ± 6 cm/second vs. 40 ± 9 cm/second). Peak velocities significantly correlated with right ventricular EF at the MPA (r = 0.286), RPA (r = 0.400), and LPA (r = 0.401). Peak velocity significantly correlated with right ventricular ESVI at the RPA (r = −0.355) and LPA (r = −0.316). Significant correlations between peak velocities and PVR were moderate at the LPA in PAH (r = −0.641) and in PH‐LHD (r = −0.606) patients, and at the MPA in PH‐CLD (r = −0.728). CTE‐PH showed non‐significant correlations between peak velocity and PVR at all locations.Data ConclusionPreliminary findings suggest 4D flow can identify PAH and track PVR changes.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 5
Fingerprint combining with quantitative analysis of multi‐components by single marker for quality control of Chenxiang Huaqi tablets
Authors: Zhang Rui‐teng , Qing Wang‐wang , Yang Lin , Zou Jia‐jia , Shi Yu‐tao , Xu Xiao‐li , He Dan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundChenxiang Huaqi tablets (CXHQTs) are a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) commonly used to treat stomach‐related diseases. Currently, the ministerial standards do not provide detailed guidance and regulations on the content determination of CXHQTs, and the reported studies only use individual active components as indicators for determining effective ingredients.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to propose a methodology for quality control of CXHQTs based on high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting combined with the quantitative analysis of multi‐components by single marker (QAMS) method.MethodsHPLC method was used to determine seven active ingredients and performed fingerprint analysis of CXHQTs. To further process chemometric assessment, technical analysis‐model including similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS‐DA) was set up to differentiate and classify the 20 batches of samples.ResultsAfter comparing the results of QAMS method with the external standard method (ESM), we found there is no significant difference. Besides, the fingerprint of CXHQT was also established.ConclusionHPLC fingerprint combined with the QAMS could be an efficient and selective analysis technique to achieve a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of executing quality processes.