bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical Characterization of Genes Expressed in Leiomyoma using Ki67 and P53 in Patient Attending Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Eruvwahwe E. F. , Eric E. U. , Alaba O. G. E. , Deele M. B. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the expressions of p53 and ki67 genes in the characterization of leiomyomas.
Materials: Fifty (50) Paraffin embedded tissue blocks were selected from the department of Histopathology, Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobri from January 2011 to August 2019. The histological characterization and morphological evaluation were defined using the routine Hematoxylin and Eosin staining method. Immunostaining was done for p53 and ki67 using the manufacturers antibodies.
Results: A direct correlation between age and the expression of the p53 gene was also made in this study. It was observed that in patients within the ages of 50-59 and 60-69, there was markedly no expression of the p53 gene whereas in patients within the ages of 20-29, there was still some level of expression (20%) and ages 30-39 (80%) and finally 40-49 (10%). There was no expression (0.0%) of Ki-67 in uterine leiomyomas across all age groups.
Conclusion; This study therefore has suggested that based on the percentage of expression, it can rightly be inferred that the p53 gene is a good indicator in the immune-histochemical characterization of leiomyomas as it has good sensitivity and good prognosis as opposed to Ki67.
Efficacy of Nursing Skin Care Protocol on Prevention of Skin Related Problems among Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Patients
Authors: David PascalineJohn , Yeola Meenakshi , Ankar Ruchira 
Published: June 2021

Background:Approximately 400 million people would be afflicted with diabetes by 2025, projected worldwide.In India, about 50.9 million people suffer from diabetes, and this figure willgo up to 80 million by 2025. Diabetes leads to blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and foot ulcer. Skin problems are increasing in diabetic patients. It is estimated that 30% of diabetes patients will experience a skin problem at some stage throughout the course of their disease. Many skin care guidelines are given for diabetic foot care, but nursing skin care protocolfor diabetic patients is not available. Less attention is given to complete skin care in diabetes routine care.There is need to develop Nursing skin care protocols for prevention of skin problems in diabetes.
Objectives:To validate the developed nursing skin care protocol on prevention of skin related problems among newly diagnosed diabetic patients, to assess the skin problems in experimental group and control group, and to assess the efficacy of nursing skin care protocolin experimental group and routine skin care with coconut oil in control group.
Methodology: Study design is randomized controlled trial.Study will be carried out in hospital setting with 140 participants. Random allocation and concealment with single blinding will be done.Intervention is Nursing skin care protocolconsist of Daily skin inspection, Bathing, Drying, clothing, Application of lotion, Hydration, Injury prevention, Nail careandHair care, Sugar control, Dermatological consultation and Physician consultation. Semi structure questionnaire, skin assessment tool[ GI, Glammal score for xerosis,Visual Analogue Scale for pruritus, Questionnaire on erythema,hair and nail colourchanges] and self-reported practice checklist will be used to collect data.
Expected Results: Investigator expects newly diagnosed diabetic patients will not develop any skin related problems after using Nursing skin care protocol.
Conclusion: Diabetic patients will be able to utilized developed nursing skin care protocol routinely to prevent skin related problems.
To Identify Patterns of Drug Usage among Patients Who Seek Care in Psychiatry Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Zehravi Mehrukh , Maqbool Rubeena , Maqbool Mudasir , Ara Irfat 
Published: June 2021

Background: An examination of drug use is done in a particular setting, searching for drug use that isn't fair. At the population level, the use of psychotropic drugs for mental illness can be an effective way of identifying and tracking the level of treatment for these conditions. They also provide information on ethical drug use, informed by the currently available information on a medication's benefits and risks.
Objective: A major objective of the research was to gather data on patterns of drug use in the psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
Methodology: The drug use research was performed in a tertiary care hospital in Srinagar, Kashmir, India, in a psychiatry outpatient clinic. This research was observational, cross_sectional, and open_ended in nature. All patients who attended the Psychiatry OPD and fulfilled the inclusion criteria over the course of a six_month cycle were included in the study.
Results: Over a period of six months, 600 patients from the psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India were assessed. All patients were classified into seven age groups: up to 14 years old (A), 15 to 25 years old (B), 26 to 35 years old (C), 36 to 45 years old (D), 46 to 55 years old (E), 56 to 65 years old (F), and over 65 years old (G). Clonazepam was the most commonly prescribed medication (152 cases), followed by olanzapine (132 cases), lorazepam (105 cases), and escitalopram (92 cases).
Conclusion: Measuring drug use in treatment centres not only explains drug use rates and prescribing behaviour, but it also helps in the identification of causes of polypharmacy and the problems associated with it. Making a habit of setting standards and gauging the quality of clinical treatment using performance feedback should become standard clinical protocol.
Pharmaceutical Development, Standardization and Clinical Evaluation of Efficacy of a Polyherbal Hair-Pack and Hair Gel in Dandruff Control
Authors: Madan Poonam , Rathi Bharat , Rathi Renu , Wairagade Sonali , Zade Dhiraj 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Dandruff is a commonly found hair problem affecting all age groups with high recurrence and is considered a social stigma. In Ayurved it is compared with Darunak falling under the category of kshudrarogadhikar and is caused due to the vitiation of vaat and kapha. Traditionally the treatment comprises of application of oil, steaming, applying packs, washing of hair etc. According to modern science dandruff is a non-treatable disease condition which is prevented by use of anti-dandruff shampoos, creams and hair masks. The available products are expensive and results are not very satisfactory and recurrence is common. Currently treatment available for dandruff is found to be expensive with unsatisfactory results in terms of recurrence of symptoms.
Aim and objective: Pharmaceutical development, standardization and clinical evaluation of efficacy of a polyherbal Hair pack and Hair gel in dandruff control
Materials and methods: Hair pack will be made with selected drugs like Amalki, Bibhitaki, Haritaki, Japa, Yashtimadhu, Musta, Brahmi and it will be converted into gel form. Analytical study for standardization of powder and gel dosage form will be done. Clinical evaluation of both dosage forms for efficacy will be done.
Observations and results: Observation will be done on the basis of photographic evaluation of the condition of pre and post severity of symptoms and duration of recurrence time of dandruff will be noted. Results will be drawn on the basis of observations and applying suitable tests. It will be noted and presented in form of table, charts, graphs etc.
Conclusion: Currently available treatment for dandruff does not provide complete remission of symptoms for long duration and it is very expensive too. Thus the newly designed herbal formulation is aimed to provide significant result in controlling dandruff and its associated symptoms and modified dosage i.e. gel will overcome the limitation of powder and provide a cost effective cosmetic product in controlling dandruff.
Correlation of Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Complexity of Coronary Artery Disease among Aged ≥45 Years Population with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Memon Faraz Farooq , Kashif Muhammad , Arain Zain Islam , Raza Syed Ahsan , Ali Mehboob , Raza Muhammad Tahseen , Memon Feroz 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are 1.7 times more prevalent in patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim behind this study was to examine the correlation of glycosylated hemoglobin and complexity of coronary artery disease among middle aged population with diabetes mellitus
Patients and Methods: This was a clinical prospective hospital-based comparative study carried out in the department of the cardiology department of Isra University Hospital Hyderabad for 10 months. 153 participants with diabetes mellitus having age ≥45 years both male and female and undergoing their first coronary angiography were included. Data were entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0.
Results: A total of 153 patients were finally analysed. Patients were divided into two groups; group I (HbA1c <6.5%, normal) and group II (HbA1c >6.5%, impaired). The mean age was slightly higher in group II 54.60 as compared to group I 53.65 years, respectively. The Syntax score was correlated with HbA1c levels in patients older than 45 years of age (r = 0.001; p >0.05). Moreover, the higher HbA1c levels were observed in every three categories of Syntax score but they were insignificantly associated with each other in patients with diabetes mellitus and having age more than 45 years.
Conclusion: The HbA1c is insignificantly correlated with the complexity of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients having age more than 45 years. While only two factors, hypertension and increased triglycerides are significantly different among the HbA1c groups.
The Effect of Time on the Activation of Bayah Natural Zeolite for Application of Palm Oil Shell Pyrolysis
Authors: Suhendi Endang , Kurniawan Teguh , Pradana Adian Yoga , Giffari Vicky Zayan 
Published: June 2021

Oil palm shell (OPS) constitutes 60% of the waste generated during the processing of palm oil. However, OPS can potentially be converted into energy and chemicals through pyrolysis. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyse the effect of acid treatment time on the characteristics of natural zeolites, which were then applied to oil palm shell pyrolysis. The effect of the acid treatment time on the products of the pyrolysis was also studied. The acid treatment time was varied: 1, 3, and 5 hours. The crystallinity of the natural zeolites was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Solid, liquid and gaseous pyrolysis products were observed. Proximate, ultimate, and heat analysis were performed on the solid product. The liquid product was characterised using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Gas Chromatography (GC) was performed to analyse the composition of the gases produced. The results obtained from this study indicate that longer reflux times reduced the crystallinity of the zeolites. The addition of the zeolite catalysts increased the liquid products of pyrolysis from 24.5 wt% over the parent to 24.6–37.1 wt% over the acid-treated natural zeolites. The reduction of oxygenated compounds in bio-oil was observed in the amount of acetic acid and acetone produced. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Applications of Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Oral Care
Authors: Gebreselassie Petros 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a water‐soluble synthetic homopolymer that is commercially available in several grades. The oral care industry has taken advantage of PVP's unique properties and has developed various successful products with superior performance and consumer benefits. This chapter discusses the applications and benefits of PVP and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone polymer (PVPP) in oral care products. Enamel, the outermost layer of a tooth crown, is highly mineralized tissue found in mammals. The enamel pellicle, or acquired pellicle, is a protein film that forms on the surface of enamel by selective binding of glycoproteins from whole saliva. Hydrogen peroxide delivered via toothpaste and mouthwash suffers from rapid hydrogen peroxide clearance from the mouth, resulting in a lower whitening performance compared to a whitening strip or whitening tray. The incorporation of bioadhesive polymers into toothpaste has been shown to provide a prolonged residence time of active ingredients in the mouth, resulting in an increased efficacy of active compounds.
Designer Nanomaterials through Programmable Assembly
Authors: Kahn Jason S. , Gang Oleg 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNanoparticles have long been recognized for their unique properties, leading to exciting potential applications across optics, electronics, magnetism, and catalysis. These specific functions often require a designed organization of particles, which includes the type of order as well as placement and relative orientation of particles of the same or different kinds. DNA nanotechnology offers the ability to introduce highly addressable bonds, tailor particle interactions, and control the geometry of bindings motifs. Here, we discuss how developments in structural DNA nanotechnology have enabled greater control over 1D, 2D, and 3D particle organizations through programmable assembly. This Review focuses on how the use of DNA binding between nanocomponents and DNA structural motifs has progressively allowed the rational formation of prescribed particle organizations. We offer insight into how DNA‐based motifs and elements can be further developed to control particle organizations and how particles and DNA can be integrated into nanoscale building blocks, so‐called “material voxels”, to realize designer nanomaterials with desired functions.
Self‐Assembly of a Purely Covalent Cage with Homochirality by Imine Formation in Water
Authors: Chen Yixin , Wu Guangcheng , Chen Binbin , Qu Hang , Jiao Tianyu , Li Yintao , Ge Chenqi , Zhang Chi , Liang Lixin , Zeng Xiuqiong , Cao Xiaoyu , Wang Qi , Li Hao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSelf‐assembly of host molecules in aqueous media via metal–ligand coordination is well developed. However, the preparation of purely covalent counterparts in water has remained a formidable task. An anionic tetrahedron cage was successfully self‐assembled in a [4+4] manner by condensing a trisamine and a trisformyl in water. Even although each individual imine bond is rather labile and apt to hydrolyze in water, the tetrahedron is remarkably stable or inert due to multivalence. The tetrahedral cages, as well as its neutral counterparts dissolved in organic solvent, have homochirality, namely that their four propeller‐shaped trisformyl residues adopt the same rotational conformation. The cage is able to take advantage of hydrophobic effect to accommodate a variety of guest molecules in water. When a chiral guest was recognized, the formation of one enantiomer of the cage became more favored relative to the other. As a consequence, the cage could be produced in an enantioselective manner. The tetrahedron is able to maintain its chirality after removal of the chiral guest—probably on account of the cooperative occurrence of intramolecular forces that restrict the intramolecular flipping of phenyl units in the cage framework.
Influence of fibrillated poly(tetrafluoroethylene) on microcellular foaming of polyamide 6 in the presence of supercriticalCO2
Authors: Han Shuo , Jiang Can , Mi Jianguo , Wang Yaqiao , Chen Shihong , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, PA6/poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) composites were prepared by internal mixer with high rotor speed. The existence of PTFE nano‐fibrillation network structure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The effect of PTFE on crystallization and rheological behavior of PA6 was evaluated. The result showed that the PTFE fibrils improved the crystallization properties of PA6 and do not change the crystal structure. The PTFE effectively enhanced the melt strength of PA6 by fibrillation. The PA6/PTFE composites were then foamed assisted by supercritical CO2. The PTFE was used as cell nucleating agent, crystal nucleating agent and melt strength enhancement agent in the foaming process. Finally, the microcellular PA6 foams were successfully obtained with the cell density higher than 109 cells/cm3, the cell size of ca. 14 μm and the volume expansion ratio of 16.
Synthesis and screening of 6‐alkoxy purine analogs as cell type‐selective apoptotic inducers in Jurkat cells
Authors: Lorente‐Macías Álvaro , Iañez Inmaculada , Jiménez‐López M. Carmen , Benítez‐Quesada Manuel , Torres‐Rusillo Sara , Díaz‐Mochón Juan J. , Molina Ignacio J. , Pineda de las Infantas María J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurines are ubiquitous structures in cell biology involved in a multitude of cellular processes, because of which substituted purines and analogs are considered excellent scaffolds in drug design. In this study, we explored the key structural features of a purine‐based proapoptotic hit, 8‐tert‐butyl‐9‐phenyl‐6‐benzyloxy‐9H‐purine (1), by setting up a library of 6‐alkoxy purines with the aim of elucidating the structural requirements that govern its biological activity and to study the cell selectivity of this chemotype. This was done by a phenotypic screening approach based on cell cycle analysis of a panel of six human cancer cell lines, including T cell leukemia Jurkat cells. From this study, two derivatives (12 and 13) were identified as Jurkat‐selective proapoptotic compounds, displaying superior potency and cell selectivity than hit 1.
Selenium deficiency causes apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress in swine small intestine
Authors: Zheng Yingying , Zhang Bo , Guan Haoyue , Jiao Xing , Yang Jie , Cai Jingzeng , Liu Qi , Zhang Ziwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSelenium (Se) plays a crucial role in intestinal health. However, the specific mechanism by which deficiency of Se causes intestinal damage remains unclear. This study was to explore whether Se deficiency can cause ER stress and induce apoptosis in swine small intestine. We established the Se deficiency swine model in vivo and the intestinal epithelial (IPEC‐J2) cell Se deficiency model in vitro. The results of morphological observation showed that Se deficiency caused structural damage in intestinal villi and the decrease of goblet cell structure. The apoptotic characteristics such as nucleolar condensation, mitochondrial swelling, and apoptotic bodies were observed in the IPEC‐J2 cells. The results of acridine orange/ethidium bromide and mitochondrial membrane potential fluorescence staining in vitro showed that there were more apoptotic cells in the Se‐deficiency group than that in the control group. The protein and/or mRNA expression levels of Bax, Bcl‐2, caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, cytc, PERK, ATF6, IRE, XBP1, CHOP, GRP78, which are related to ER stress‐apoptosis pathway, were significantly increased in the Se‐deficient group which compared with the control group in vivo and in vitro were consistent. These results indicated that Se deficiency induced ER stress and increased the apoptosis in swine small intestine and IPEC‐J2 cells and then caused the damage in swine small intestinal tissue. Besides, the results of gene expressions in our experiment proved that ER stress induced by Se deficiency promoted apoptosis. These results filled the blank in the mechanism of Se deficiency‐induced intestinal injury in swine.
Effect of Compounds from Moringa oleifera Lam. on in Vitro Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Model System
Authors: Ukiya Motohiko , Motegi Kazuki , Sato Daisuke , Kimura Hirokazu , Satsu Hideo , Koketsu Mamoru , Ninomiya Masayuki , Myint Lwin Mon , Nishina Atsuyoshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease in the world, with a prevalence of 25 % in many countries. To date, no drug has been approved to treat NAFLD, therefore, the use of phytochemicals to prevent this disease is meaningful. In this study, we focused on the effects of Moringa oleifera Lam. on diabetes, attempted to isolate compounds that regulate NAFLD. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of M. oleifera. Spectral data revealed that they were 1‐hydroxy‐3‐phenylpropan‐2‐yl benzoate (1) and benzyl benzylcarbamate (2), respectively. The three‐dimensional structure of compound 1 was determined by single crystal X‐ray structural analysis. Neither compound was toxic to HepG2 cells, and compound 1 was found to have a concentration‐dependent inhibitory effect on intracellular lipid accumulation induced by stimulation of linoleic acid (LA). As a result of measuring the effects of compound 1 on the intracellular lipid production‐related protein, it was found that compound 1 enhanced protein expression that promotes lipolysis. On the other hand, since the action of compound 1 was similar to that of PPARα agonists, it is deduced that compound 1 enhanced the activity of PPARα and further enhanced the expression of lipolytic proteins, which is related to the suppression of intracellular lipid accumulation. Furthermore, as the result of docking simulation, compound 1 had a higher binding affinity to the ligand binding site of PPARα than fenofibrate, which is a PPARα agonist, and thus compound 1 was considered to be promising as an agonist of PPARα.
A variable neighborhood search algorithm for energy conscious task scheduling in heterogeneous computing systems
Authors: Zhang Yujian , Li Chuanyou , Tong Fei , Xu Yuwei 
Published: June 2021

SummaryEnergy efficiency in heterogeneous computing systems has attracted increasing interests due to its economic and environmental impacts during recent decades. Based on power‐aware hardware techniques, such as dynamic voltage frequency scaling, efforts have been made through task scheduling to reduce the total energy consumption for executing a parallel application while maintaining its time efficiency. In this case, energy conscious task scheduling refers to a bi‐objective optimization that aims to minimize the overall completion time (makespan) and the total energy consumption, simultaneously. Existing energy conscious scheduling algorithms conduct energy optimization by means of slack reclamation or a trade‐off function. However, the performance of slack reclamation has been proved to be upper‐bounded and methods relying on trade‐off functions cannot guarantee bi‐objective optimization. In this article, an energy conscious task scheduling algorithm is proposed to tackle the above issues based on the framework of variable neighborhood search. Two neighborhood structures are designed to reduce makespan and the total energy consumption, respectively. Furthermore, a pruning technique is incorporated into the algorithm to accelerate the searching process. Extensive experimental results on both randomly generated and real‐world applications demonstrate that the proposed algorithm improves the time‐efficient schedules on average by 22.4% for the energy consumption and 1.2% for the makespan.