bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive experiences of healthcare professionals with a mainstreaming approach of germline genetic testing for women with ovarian cancer
Authors: Bokkers Kyra , Zweemer Ronald P. , Koudijs Marco J. , Stehouwer Sanne , Velthuizen Mary E. , Bleiker Eveline M. A. , Ausems Margreet G. E. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccording to current guidelines, all women with epithelial ovarian cancer are eligible for genetic testing for BRCA germline pathogenic variants. Unfortunately, not all affected women are tested. We evaluated the acceptability and feasibility for non-genetic healthcare professionals to incorporate germline genetic testing into their daily practice. We developed and implemented a mainstreaming pathway, including a training module, in collaboration with various healthcare professionals and patient organizations. Healthcare professionals from 4 different hospitals were invited to participate. After completing the training module, gynecologic oncologists, gynecologists with a subspecialty training in oncology, and nurse specialists discussed and ordered genetic testing themselves. They received a questionnaire before completing the training module and 6 months after working according to the new pathway. We assessed healthcare professionals’ attitudes, perceived knowledge, and self-efficacy, along with the feasibility of this new mainstream workflow in clinical practice, and evaluated the use and content of the training module. The participation rate for completing the training module was 90% (N = 19/21). At baseline and after 6 months, healthcare professionals had a positive attitude, high perceived knowledge and high self-efficacy toward discussing and ordering genetic testing. Knowledge had increased significantly after 6 months. The training module was rated with an average of 8.1 out of 10 and was considered useful. The majority of healthcare professionals (9/15) was able to discuss a genetic test in five to 10 min. After completion of a training module, non-genetic healthcare professionals feel motivated and competent to discuss and order genetic testing themselves.
Assessment of genetic diversity within eucheumatoid cultivars in east Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Tan Pui-Ling , Poong Sze-Wan , Tan Ji , Brakel Janina , Gachon Claire , Brodie Juliet , Sade Ahemad , Lim Phaik-Eem 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStudies have shown that cultivars of the carrageenophytes Kappaphycus and Eucheuma are clones of a limited number of strains originally domesticated from wild populations. For the development and selection of new cultivars, it is important that a comprehensive record of available variants exists. This study was conducted to provide up-to-date analysis and compilation of the current state of cultivars as the last list of cultivars was compiled nearly a decade ago. The present study analyzed the cox2–3 spacer and cox1 (1356 bp) genetic diversity of cultivars collected from 2019 to 2020 from the east coast of Sabah where the seaweed farms are concentrated. These data were compared with cultivars reported from 2010 to 2012 to assess changes, if any, to the gene pool of farmed eucheumatoid in Malaysia. Kappaphycus alvarezii, K. striatus, and K. malesianus are currently cultivated while Eucheuma denticulatum is no longer an important cultivar compared to a decade ago, probably due to its lower price. Analysis of the cox2–3 spacer revealed a new haplotype, LBT10, and, by including published GenBank data, a further four previously unnamed haplotypes were recognized from Sabah. This study confirms that there is a limited gene pool within cultivars in Malaysia and suggests the need for new or genetically diverse cultivars which can adapt to a changing environment, to ensure a more sustainable carrageenan industry.
Fine roots stimulate nutrient release during early stages of leaf litter decomposition in a Central Amazon rainforest
Authors: Martins Nathielly P. , Fuchslueger Lucia , Fleischer Katrin , Andersen Kelly M. , Assis Rafael L. , Baccaro Fabricio B. , Camargo Plínio B. , Cordeiro Amanda L. , Grandis Adriana , Hartley Iain P. , Hofhansl Florian , Lugli Laynara F. , Lapola David M. , Menezes Juliane G. , Norby Richard J. , Rammig Anja , Rosa Jessica S. , Schaap Karst J. , Takeshi Bruno , Valverde-Barrantes Oscar J. , Quesada Carlos A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Large parts of the Amazon rainforest grow on weathered soils depleted in phosphorus and rock-derived cations. We tested the hypothesis that in this ecosystem, fine roots stimulate decomposition and nutrient release from leaf litter biochemically by releasing enzymes, and by exuding labile carbon stimulating microbial decomposers.

Methods
We monitored leaf litter decomposition in a Central Amazon tropical rainforest, where fine roots were either present or excluded, over 188 days and added labile carbon substrates (glucose and citric acid) in a fully factorial design. We tracked litter mass loss, remaining carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and cation concentrations, extracellular enzyme activity and microbial carbon and nutrient concentrations.

Results
Fine root presence did not affect litter mass loss but significantly increased the loss of phosphorus and cations from leaf litter. In the presence of fine roots, acid phosphatase activity was 43.2% higher, while neither microbial stoichiometry, nor extracellular enzyme activities targeting carbon- and nitrogen-containing compounds changed. Glucose additions increased phosphorus loss from litter when fine roots were present, and enhanced phosphatase activity in root exclusions. Citric acid additions reduced litter mass loss, microbial biomass nitrogen and phosphorus, regardless of fine root presence or exclusion.

Conclusions
We conclude that plant roots release significant amounts of acid phosphatases into the litter layer and mobilize phosphorus without affecting litter mass loss. Our results further indicate that added labile carbon inputs (i.e. glucose) can stimulate acid phosphatase production by microbial decomposers, highlighting the potential importance of plant-microbial feedbacks in tropical forest ecosystems.
Gemeinnützigkeit, soziale Verantwortung und wirtschaftlicher Erfolg
Authors: Lochner Barbara , Altmann Jörg 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag geht der Frage nach, inwiefern sich gemeinnützige Organisationen als wirtschaftliche Akteure positionieren (können) und welche Konsequenzen sich daraus für das Management ergeben.
Give it Another Try: What are the Effects of a Job Creation Scheme Especially Designed for Hard-to-Place Workers?
Authors: Brändle Tobias , Fervers Lukas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrevious evaluations of job creation schemes (JCS) reveal mostly negative employment effects, mainly due to inherent lock-in effects. In this paper, we assess the impact of an innovative JCS that employs a pre-selection mechanism to target programme participation on unemployed job seekers with very low integration chances, hereby reducing possible lock-in effects. Relying on high-quality administrative as well as survey data, we conduct regression-adjusted matching analyses to estimate the programme effect on integration into regular employment. Our results show that the programme did not succeed to foster labour market integration, but still entails remarkably negative employment effects in the first years after participation. We argue that this results from a principal-agent problem at the last step of the selection mechanism that may have led to cream-skimming rather than targeting on very hard to place workers. However, supplementary analyses reveal that negative effects can be avoided for subgroups with very poor employment chances in case of non-participation. These results are robust to the use of different matching estimators and definitions of non-participation. The inclusion of usually unobservable survey variables as well as placebo tests based on past employment outcomes refute concerns about endogenous selection. From a policy-perspective, these findings imply that targeting JCS on workers with very low integration chances is a key factor to avoid negative employment effects found in previous evaluations. At the methodological level, our analyses add to recent literature that assesses the credibility of non-experimental evaluations based on high-quality administrative data.
Karst Geoheritage of Tara National Park (Serbia) and Its Geotouristic Potential
Authors: Telbisz Tamás , Ćalić Jelena , Kovačević-Majkić Jelena , Milanović Ranko , Brankov Jovana , Micić Jasna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBy the example of Tara National Park (NP), we present how the geoheritage can and should be presented in a NP where the primary role is played by biology. Tara NP has a rich geoheritage, especially its karst phenomena, which include gorges (e.g. the 1000-m-deep Drina Gorge), plateaus with dolines, dry valleys, and uvalas as well as springs and travertines. In addition, ophiolites also enrich the geoheritage; hence, the area has a high geodiversity. Large reservoirs of the territory provide an opportunity to study the anthropogenic impact on hydrology and geomorphology. After presenting the geoheritage elements of the area, we examine the views and knowledge of local people and visitors about karst and geotourism with the help of a questionnaire survey. The results show that local residents support the further development of tourism, but geotourism is a rather new concept for them. On the contrary, tourists are more familiar with geotourism. Among the development perspectives, tourists support those that involve only minor environmental changes, that is in agreement with NP policy. Finally, we formulate some suggestions about geotourism development in the area. First, we outline some plans for new geo-educational trails and viewpoints. Second, we highlight the possibility to increase the geo-content of some already existing programs (e.g. boat tours). Third, we emphasize that geotourism of Tara should be connected to neighbouring areas. A new geopark is already under planning, which would include the area of Tara NP as well.
Two extensions of consumer surplus
Authors: Corchón Luis C. , Torregrosa Ramón J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study consumer surplus in a single market when (a) there is a lower bound in the consumption of the outside good and (b) the weights in the social welfare function given to consumers and firms are different. We assume quasilinear utility. When the lower bound constraint on the consumption of the outside good is binding, income effects arise in demand. In some cases, Cournot equilibrium output is below equilibrium output without this constraint because the constraint makes demand less elastic. When the weights given to consumers and firms are not identical, social welfare is not necessarily concave and profits might be negative at the unrestricted optimum. We characterize social welfare optimum with a bound on maximum losses in a class of utility functions. We offer a formula to find the percentage of welfare losses due to oligopoly in this case.
Floating photovoltaic system for Indian artificial reservoirs—an effective approach to reduce evaporation and carbon emission
Authors: Ravichandran N. , Ravichandran N. , Panneerselvam B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFloating photovoltaic system for reservoirs is a recent innovative technology that is highly advantageous in reducing evaporation while generating solar power. In addition, the integration of floating photovoltaic systems with the existing hydroelectric power plants will increase renewable power production. The present study aims to assess the electrical performance of floating photovoltaic systems in major reservoirs with existing hydroelectric power plants in India. The reservoirs with large water surface area were selected for the study, and a model floating photovoltaic system with a 5-MW capacity was designed for the selected reservoirs. The numerical analysis showed that installing floating photovoltaic systems will result in an annual energy yield of 160 GWh. Further, the systems also save 1.40 million cubic meters of water per day and also help in generating additional energy of 514.80 MWh/day from the saved water through its integration with hydroelectric power plants. A single-axis tracking mechanism to the floating photovoltaic systems will increase the annual energy generation by 11%. The detailed cost analysis and carbon emission analysis were also carried out. The results indicate that the tracking mechanisms increase the total installation cost of the systems. The annual carbon emission reduction from the floating photovoltaic systems accounts for about 3.30 million tons of CO2. The obtained results highlight the suitability of this innovative technology for installation in Indian reservoirs and its effectiveness in reducing evaporation and carbon emission.
Graphic abstract
Trustworthy AI and Corporate Governance: The EU’s Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence from a Company Law Perspective
Authors: Hickman Eleanore , Petrin Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAI will change many aspects of the world we live in, including the way corporations are governed. Many efficiencies and improvements are likely, but there are also potential dangers, including the threat of harmful impacts on third parties, discriminatory practices, data and privacy breaches, fraudulent practices and even ‘rogue AI’. To address these dangers, the EU published ‘The Expert Group’s Policy and Investment Recommendations for Trustworthy AI’ (the Guidelines). The Guidelines produce seven principles from its four foundational pillars of respect for human autonomy, prevention of harm, fairness, and explicability. If implemented by business, the impact on corporate governance will be substantial. Fundamental questions at the intersection of ethics and law are considered, but because the Guidelines only address the former without (much) reference to the latter, their practical application is challenging for business. Further, while they promote many positive corporate governance principles—including a stakeholder-oriented (‘human-centric’) corporate purpose and diversity, non-discrimination, and fairness—it is clear that their general nature leaves many questions and concerns unanswered. In this paper we examine the potential significance and impact of the Guidelines on selected corporate law and governance issues. We conclude that more specificity is needed in relation to how the principles therein will harmonise with company law rules and governance principles. However, despite their imperfections, until harder legislative instruments emerge, the Guidelines provide a useful starting point for directing businesses towards establishing trustworthy AI.
Die Überdeckung der Next Generation EU-Schulden im neuen EU-Eigenmittelbeschluss: Ausmaß und Haftungskonsequenzen
Authors: Heinemann Friedrich 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDiese Analyse befasst sich mit der Absicherung der EU-Schulden, die gemäß dem neuen EU-Eigenmittelbeschluss zur Finanzierung des EU-Corona-Wiederaufbauplans Next Generation EU (NGEU) aufgenommen werden sollen. Diese Absicherung erfolgt unter anderem durch eine gesonderte Eigenmittel-Nachschussverpflichtung der EU-Mitgliedstaaten im Umfang von 0,6 % des nationalen Bruttonationaleinkommens (BNE). Simulationen zeigen, dass diese 0,6 % des BNE eine sehr starke Überdeckung darstellen, weil damit ein Tilgungspotenzial durch den EU-Haushalt geschaffen wird, welches den durch NGEU verursachten Rückzahlungsbedarf auch unter sehr vorsichtigen Annahmen zum BNE-Wachstum um ein Vielfaches übersteigt. Die Studie beleuchtet darüber hinaus die Signale, Anreize und Haftungskonsequenzen, die sich aus dieser weitreichenden Überdeckung der Corona-Schulden ergeben. Die bis zum Jahr 2058 reichende umfangreiche Tilgungsfähigkeit des EU-Haushalts geht weit über den eigentlichen NGEU-Bedarf hinaus und kann als Signal verstanden werden, dass in den kommenden Jahrzehnten bei Bedarf rasch neue EU-Verschuldungsfenster geschaffen werden können. Der Beitrag beleuchtet außerdem eine weitere Konsequenz der Überdeckung in Bezug auf die maximal denkbare Haftung des Bundeshaushalts für die NGEU-Schulden. Die Berechnungen zeigen, dass diese Haftung faktisch nicht wie beim Europäischen Stabilitätsmechanismus auf eine Teilschuld des Fonds begrenzt ist.
Kynurenine pathway in kidney diseases
Authors: Zakrocka Izabela , Załuska Wojciech 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKidney diseases have become one of the most common health care problems. Due to a growing number of advanced aged patients with concomitant disorders the prevalence of these diseases will increase over the coming decades. Despite available laboratory tests, accurate and rapid diagnosis of renal dysfunction has yet to be realized, and prognosis is uncertain. Moreover, data on diagnostic and prognostic markers in kidney diseases are lacking. The kynurenine (KYN) pathway is one of the routes of tryptophan (Trp) degradation, with biologically active substances presenting ambiguous properties. The KYN pathway is known to be highly dependent on immunological system activity. As the kidneys are one of the main organs involved in the formation, degradation and excretion of Trp end products, pathologies involving the kidneys result in KYN pathway activity disturbances. This review aims to summarize changes in the KYN pathway observed in the most common kidney disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), with a special focus on diabetic kidney disease, acute kidney injury (AKI), glomerulonephritis and kidney graft function monitoring. Additionally, the importance of KYN pathway activity in kidney cancer pathogenesis is discussed, as are available pharmacological agents affecting KYN pathway activity in the kidney. Despite limited clinical data, the KYN pathway appears to be a promising target in the diagnosis and prognosis of kidney diseases. Modulation of KYN pathway activity by pharmacological agents should be considered in the treatment of kidney diseases.
Utilitarianism without Moral Aggregation
Authors: Gustafsson Johan E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIs an outcome where many people are saved and one person dies better than an outcome where the one is saved and the many die? According to the standard utilitarian justification, the former is better because it has a greater sum total of well-being. This justification involves a controversial form of moral aggregation, because it is based on a comparison between aggregates of different people’s well-being. Still, an alternative justification—the Argument for Best Outcomes—does not involve moral aggregation. I extend the Argument for Best Outcomes to show that any utilitarian evaluation can be justified without moral aggregation.
Associated factors to the consumption of ultra-processed foods and its relation with dietary sources in Portugal
Authors: Magalhães Vânia , Severo Milton , Correia Daniela , Torres Duarte , Costa de Miranda Renata , Rauber Fernanda , Levy Renata , Rodrigues Sara , Lopes Carla 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are common worldwide and associated with poorer health outcomes. This work aimed to explore the UPF consumption associated factors and its main dietary sources, by sex, in Portugal. Participants from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF) 2015–2016, aged 3–84 years, were included (n 5005). Dietary intake was assessed through two 1-day food diaries/24 h recalls. UPFs were identified using the NOVA classification. Associations were evaluated through linear regression models. Median UPF consumption was 257 g/d (10⋅6 % of total quantity; 23⋅8 % of total energy). Adolescents were those with higher consumption (490 g/d). Compared to adults, younger ages were positively associated with UPF consumption (e.g. adolescents (

$\hat{\beta }$

-females: 192, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 135, 249;

$\hat{\beta }$

-males: 327, 95 % CI: 277, 377)). A lower educational level was associated with lower UPF consumption (

$\hat{\beta }$

-females: −63; 95 % CI: −91, −34;

$\hat{\beta }$

-males: −68; 95 % CI: −124, −12). Also, a lower UPF consumption was observed in married males/couples compared to singles (

$\hat{\beta }$

: −48, 95 % CI: −96, −1). Furthermore, female current/former smokers were associated with a higher UPF consumption v. never smokers (

$\hat{\beta }$

: 79, 95 % CI: 41, 118;

$\hat{\beta }$

: 42, 95 % CI: 8, 75, respectively). Main UPF sources were yoghurts, soft drinks and cold meats/sausages differing strongly by sex, age and education level. Yoghurts containing additives were the main contributors to the UPF consumption in children and adult females from all education (~20 %). Soft drinks were leaders in adolescents (females: 26⋅0 %; males: 31⋅6 %) and young male adults (24⋅4 %). Cold meats/sausages stood out among low-educated males (20⋅5 %). Males, younger age groups, higher education, children with less-educated parents, married/couple males and smoking females were positively associated with UPF consumption.
An innovative approach to the assessment of mood disturbances in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Gostoli Sara , Buzzichelli Sara , Guidi Jenny , Sirri Laura , Marzola Enrica , Roncuzzi Renzo , Abbate-Daga Giovanni , Fava Giovanni A. , Rafanelli Chiara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical value of the identification of mood disorders in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is well established. However, assessment based on DSM criteria presents some limitations. This study aimed to provide an innovative strategy for evaluating the spectrum of mood disturbances in ACS.MethodsA total of 288 patients with a first episode of ACS underwent interviews based on DSM-IV-TR criteria (major depressive disorder, minor depression, and dysthymia), Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research-DCPR (demoralization and type A behavior), and the Clinical Interview for Depression-CID. Additional self-report inventories (psychological well-being and distress) were administered. A total of 100 consecutive patients who satisfied criteria for DSM-IV-TR depression or DCPR demoralization were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial on a sequential combination of cognitive-behavioral and well-being therapy (CBT/WBT) vs clinical management (CM) and reassessed up to 30-month post-intervention.ResultsA total of 29.9% of patients showed a DSM-IV-TR depressive syndrome. Inclusion of demoralization and type A identified psychological distress in 58% of the sample. According to CID, reactivity to social environment, fatigue, depressed mood, and somatic anxiety were the most common symptoms. Somatic symptoms were significantly associated with DSM-IV-TR depression (fatigue and changes of appetite), whereas environmental reactivity with demoralization. Both depression and demoralization were associated with higher distress and lower well-being. Unlike CM, CBT/WBT was significantly associated with decrease of guilt, pessimism, fatigue, and early insomnia (CID).ConclusionsThe findings indicate that standard psychiatric approach identifies only a narrow part of mood disturbances affecting ACS patients. A more articulated assessment unravels specific clinical configurations that may entail prognostic and therapeutic implications.