bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative and Semi-quantitative Methods for Assessing the Degree of Methylene Blue Staining in Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Dogs
Authors: Ram Ann S. , Matuszewska Kathy , Petrik Jim , Singh Ameet , Oblak Michelle L. 
Published: October 2021

Background: To develop a digital algorithm for quantitative assessment of surface methylene blue staining in whole lymph nodes and validate a semi-quantitative visual scoring method for patient-side use.Methods: Lymph nodes from canine patients with spontaneous tumors undergoing sentinel lymph node mapping were prospectively assessed ex vivo and photographed. Using an open-source computer-based imaging software, an algorithm was developed for quantification of staining based on a signal-to-background ratio. Next, two blinded observers evaluated images and assigned a semi-quantitative visual score based on surface staining (0—no blue stain, 1−1–50% stained, and 2−51–100% stained) and those results were compared to the established quantitative standard.Results: Forty-three lymph nodes were included. Image analysis successfully quantified blue staining and differentiated from normal lymph node tissue in all cases. Agreement between observers using the Kappa coefficient demonstrated strong agreement (k = 0.8581, p &lt; 0.0001) between semi-quantitative visual scoring and image analysis. There was substantial interobserver and intraobserver agreement for the scoring system (k = 0.7340, p &lt; 0.0001 and k = 0.8983, p &lt; 0.0001, respectively).Conclusion: A digital algorithm using an open-source software was simple and straightforward to use for quantification of blue staining. The use of a semi-quantitative visual scoring system shows promise for a simple, objective, repeatable assessment of methylene blue staining at the time of surgery. This study demonstrates reliable and repeatable methods for blue staining quantification thereby providing a novel and objective reporting mechanism in scientific research involving sentinel lymph node mapping.
Pemodelan dan Simulasi Maximum Power Point Tracking Menggunakan Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System pada Aplikasi Fotovoltaik dengan Konverter Cuk
Authors: Huda Abil 
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) dalam pemodelan Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) untuk mengontrol konverter Cuk sehingga fotovoltaik (PV) menghasilkan daya maksimum. Sistem ini menggunakan Fotovoltaik 200 W dan konverter Cuk dengan desain teganganterhubung beban. Dari hasil penelitian, PV dapat menghasilkan daya maksimum dengan variasi iradiasi dan temperatur pada kondisi statis. ANFIS dapat bekerja dengan baik dalam menjejak titik daya maksimum atau sebagai kontrol MPPT pada sistem PV terhadap perubahan iradiasi dan temperatur dalam kondisi statis. Akurasi daya PV terhadap daya maksimum pada kondisi variasi iradiasi dan temperatur berada di atas 90%.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN LAMPU HEMAT ENERGI (LHE) DAN BALLAST ELEKTRONIK PADA LAMPU NEON
Authors: Syam Sudirman , Kurniati Sri , Effendi Jauhari 
Published: October 2021

Peningkatan pertumbuhan teknologi menyerap banyak energi dan merupakan insiden krisis energi periodik yang sangat menakutkan. Saat ini, telah terjadi perubahan pola penggunaan lampu biasa untuk menghemat lampu dari ballast konvensional ke ballast elektronik dan lampu hemat energi (LHE). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan mengevaluasi penghematan energi listrik dari penggunaan ballast konvensional menjadi ballast elektronik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, penggunaan lampu hemat energi memerlukan biaya awal yang lebih mahal dibandingkan dengan lampu biasa, tetapi dalam operasi sehari-hari menjadi lebih ekonomis sehingga diperoleh penghematan energi antara 20 - 80%. Adanya pola penggantian dari lampu biasa menjadi lampu hemat akan dapat membantu PLN untuk mengurangi energi reaktif sehingga akan mengurangi rugi-rugi energi yang terjadi pada jaringan listrik. Sebagai tambahan, adanya perubahan penggantian ballast konvensional menjadi ballast elektronik akan dapat meningkatkan faktor daya listrik sebesar 55,61%.
The Role of Union Digital Centres in Reducing Social Inequalities in Bangladesh
Authors: Abedin Md. Minhajul , Ferdaus Muhammad , Shah A.M.M. Mubassher , Sayem Md Abu 
Published: October 2021

Union Digital Centers have been inaugurated to accomplish the vision ‘Digital Bangladesh’ to empower rural people by providing digital services. The study attempts to assess the role of union digital centers in reducing social inequality. It also tries to identify the barriers in providing digital services to the local disadvantaged people. In this purpose, the study exerted a cross-sectional mixed-method approach. Data were collected from 399 service receivers of UDC through questionnaire survey, 16 KIIs and 5 FGDs. From principal component and correlation analysis, it is found that the grassroots people’s easy accessibility, citizen’s empowerment by minimizing information gap, quality service delivery at affordable price and time-cost-visit reduction play a significant role in reducing social inequality in rural areas. These factors are positively correlated with the effective service delivery of UDCs to reduce social inequality. Lack of awareness, conflict of job responsibility with UP secretaries and weak network connection are the major barriers in providing effective services of UDCs. Still UDCs bring a new dimension in the public service delivery system which empowers the people and reduce social inequalities in rural areas.
An Analysis of Lexical Cohesion on the Students’ Writing
Authors: Sidabutar Usman 
Published: October 2021

This research aims at finding lexical cohesion in high and low-graded lexical cohesion types on the students' narrative writing. The researcher wants to reveal the reasons why the writing problems exist in lexical cohesion and also to find out what way that the students will use to solve the lexical types in writing narrative text. The present research uses the types of lexical cohesion as proposed by Halliday and Matthiensen (2014). The lexical cohesion items consist of repetition, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, and meronymy. The data of this research are derived from students' writing through writing research papers. This research was conducted in qualitative. The results show that repetition becomes the highest occurrence in the students' writing as there are 240 occurrences (64%) in total types of lexical. Nevertheless, the least kind of lexical cohesion is hyponymy. There are only 20 occurrences (6, 6%). It can be seen that the meaning relation in the text occurs among the six types of lexical cohesion to make cohesive text. Besides that, the context of the text itself also refers to coherent text. It means that the text should consist of interrelated sentences to achieve good unity. Both are related to each other in creating well-structured text. The students were sometimes difficult to connect one word with other words. There might be a reluctance of translating the classification of the real words of EFL. Pedagogically, the students need to get studying vocabularies professionally to upgrade the stage of English into an advanced level especially in teaching English writing ability. It was recommended to teachers or lecturers to take an in-depth look at the EFL learners' problems in writing English more than and the English lecturers practice the prompt way to master vocabulary as the core of enhancing the writing quality
Analisis Pengaruh Media Pendingin Terhadap Kekerasan Baja S45C Pada Proses Hardening-Tempering
Authors: Arlingga Alfian Siswara , - Somawardi , - Sugianto 
Published: October 2021

This study used an experimental method, in the form of the heat treatment hardening 930⁰C with the variations in the cooling media of the coconut water, table salt water, mineral waterwater, coolant radiator, and dromus water and variations in temperatures of tempering 200⁰C, 420⁰C, and 600⁰C, the specimens were cylindrical in diameter 25 mm and 20 mm in length, this study aims to determine the optimum hardness value of S45C steel specimens due to the heat treatment process hardening-tempering.
From the results of the study, there is the effect of hardening 930⁰C there is the most optimal hardness value found in coconut water cooling media with the hardness level of 53.5 HRC. Under the influence of tempering 200⁰C there is the optimum hardness value found from the influence of mineral water cooling media with the hardness level of 50.7 HRC, while the influence of tempering 420⁰C there is the most optimal hardness value from the influence of mineral water cooling media with the hardness level of 41.8 HRC, and for tempering effect 600⁰C there is the most optimal hardness value available from the influence of the coconut water cooling media with the hardness level of 35.93 HRC.
Beztekstowy przekaz anonimowego „Psalmu Dawida” w tabulaturze organowej z Kroż. Rekonstrukcja warstwy słownej i próba atrybucji
Authors: Jasiński Tomasz 
Published: October 2021

Tekst traktuje o anonimowym Psalmie Dawida zapisanym w siedemnastowiecznej tabulaturze organowej z Kroż. Jest to kompozycja czterogłosowa o dyspozycji a voce piena, dwuczęściowa, dość rozbudowana (96 taktów), zapisana notacją wokalną w formie partytury, pozbawiona jednak tekstu słownego.
W pierwszej części artykułu autor dowodzi, że warstwę słowną dzieła stanowi pierwszy psalm Dawidowy w poetyckim przekładzie Jana Kochanowskiego – Szczęśliwy, który nie był miedzy złemi w radzie, a kompozycja oparta jest na melodii tegoż psalmu przytoczonej w Cantional Piotra Artomiusza z 1640 roku. W zaprezentowanej transkrypcji utworu podłożenie wskazanego tekstu nie nastręczyło zasadniczo trudności, tylko w niektórych fragmentach (np. takty 57–85) trzeba było w mniejszym lub większym stopniu odwołać się również do intuicji. Psalm Dawida wyróżnia się pod kilkoma względami: jako motet z tekstem w języku ojczystym jest nowością gatunkową w muzyce staropolskiej; przedstawia nieznaną dotąd kompozycję motetową do poezji Jana Kochanowskiego; odznacza się nienagannym warsztatem kontrapunktycznym, bardzo dobrym prowadzeniem głosów, pełnią brzmienia, klarownym przebiegiem tonalnym, jednością motywiczną i rytmiczno-fakturalną różnorodnością, koherencją słowno-muzyczną w sferze wyrazowej.
W drugiej części artykułu autor stawia tezę, że Psalm Dawida mógł skomponować Mikołaj Gomółka, po czym przedstawia analizę porównawczą konfrontującą Psalm z Melodiami na Psałterz polski Gomółki. Odnotowując liczne odmienności między Psalmem Dawida a Melodiami, autor wskazuje równocześnie na istnienie tego rodzaju pokrewieństw i zbieżności (m.in. melodycznych, rytmicznych, harmonicznych), które w dużym stopniu zdają się przemawiać za autorstwem Gomółki. Przedstawione studium badawcze nie kończy się jednoznaczną konkluzją, lecz pozostawia czytelnika z intrygującym pytaniem.
Санітарний стан похідних ялинових насаджень Національного природного парку "Зачарований край"
Authors: Шишканинець І. Ф. , Лутак В. В. , Феннич В. С. 
Published: October 2021

Територія Національного природного парку "Зачарований край" розташована в центральній частині Вигорлат-Гутинської Вулканічної гряди (передгір'я Східних Карпат) і на 96,7 % представлена лісовими землями. У породному складі явним домінантом є бук європейський (Fagus sylvatica L.) ‒ 92 %, на другому місці ялина європейська (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) ‒ 6,6 %, на решту порід припадає 1,4 % від площі вкритих лісовою рослинністю лісових ділянок. Регулярне вивчення стану насаджень на територіях природно-заповідного фонду ‒ одне із завдань, покладених на науковий відділ Національного природного парку "Зачарований край". Оцінювання санітарного стану здійснювали переважно у літні місяці (липень-вересень) 2020 р. на дев'яти кругових постійних пробних площах, з використанням відповідних методик. Встановлено, що деревостани (зважаючи на санітарний стан ялини загалом) за індексом санітарного стану є дуже ослабленими ‒ участь ялини у складі 3-4 одиниці, всихаючими ‒ 7-8 одиниць, всохлими ‒ 9-10 одиниць. За ступенем деградації фотосинтетичного апарату деревостани з участю ялини у складі 3-4 та 7 одиниць належать до класу "середньо ушкоджені", а деревостани з участю ялини у складі 8-10 одиниць – переважно до класу "дуже ушкоджені". Середня частка сухостійної деревини в загальному запасі збільшилася за 10-річний період від 2,9 до 37,8 %. При цьому середня частка сухостійної деревини у змішаних деревостанах становить 21,8 %, а у чистих та з переважанням участі ялини (8 і 9 одиниць) ‒ 45,8 %. Виявлено, що середня частка сухостійних дерев на пробних площах становить 63,5 % ‒ від кількості дерев ялини та 44,6 % ‒ від загальної кількості дерев. Середня частка сухостійних дерев у змішаних деревостанах становить 29,1 %, а у чистих та з участю ялини 9 і 8 одиниць ‒ 53,1 %. Масове всихання ялини призвело до переходу більшості деревостанів ялини, за елементом лісу, у всохлі насадження. Основними причинами деградації ялинових деревостанів є осередки короїдів та абіотичні чинники (вітровали та буреломи), що призвели до механічних пошкоджень стовбурів.
Breaching the Limit: Formation of GW190521-like and IMBH Mergers in Young Massive Clusters
Authors: Arca-Sedda Manuel , Paolo Rizzuto Francesco , Naab Thorsten , Ostriker Jeremiah , Giersz Mirek , Spurzem Rainer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The LIGO-Virgo-Kagra Collaboration (LVC) discovered recently GW190521, a gravitational wave (GW) source associated with the merger between two black holes (BHs) with mass 66 and >85 M
⊙. GW190521 represents the first BH binary merger with a primary mass falling in the upper-mass gap and the first leaving behind an ∼150 M
⊙ remnant. So far, the LVC has reported the discovery of four further mergers having a total mass >100 M
⊙, i.e., in the intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) mass range. Here, we discuss results from a series of 80 N-body simulations of young massive clusters that implement relativistic corrections to follow compact object mergers. We discover the development of a GW190521-like system as the result of a third-generation merger, and four IMBH-BH mergers with total mass (300–350)M
⊙. We show that these IMBH-BH mergers are low-frequency GW sources detectable with LISA and Deci-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (DECIGO) out to redshift z = 0.01–0.1 and z > 100, and we discuss how their detection could help unraveling IMBH natal spins. For the GW190521 test case, we show that the third-generation merger remnant has a spin and effective spin parameter that matches the 90% credible interval measured for GW190521 better than a simpler double merger and comparable to a single merger. Due to GW recoil kicks, we show that retaining the products of these mergers require birth sites with escape velocities ≳50–100 km s−1, values typically attained in galactic nuclei and massive clusters with steep density profiles.
Which Molecular Cloud Structures Are Bound?
Authors: Evans II Neal J. , Heyer Mark , Miville-Deschênes Marc-Antoine , Nguyen-Luong Quang , Merello Manuel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We analyze surveys of molecular cloud structures defined by tracers ranging from CO J = 1 → 0 through 13CO J = 1 → 0 to dust emission together with NH3 data. The mean value of the virial parameter and the fraction of mass in bound structures depends on the method used to identify structures. Generally, the virial parameter decreases and the fraction of mass in bound structures increases with the effective density of the tracer, the surface density and mass of the structures, and the distance from the center of a galaxy. For the most complete surveys of structures in the Galaxy defined by CO J = 1 → 0, the fraction of mass that is in bound structures is 0.19. For catalogs of other galaxies based on CO J = 2 → 1, the fraction is 0.35. These results offer substantial alleviation of the fundamental problem of slow star formation. If only clouds found to be bound are counted and they are assumed to collapse in a freefall time at their mean cloud density, the sum over all clouds in a complete survey of the Galaxy yields a predicted star formation rate of 46 M
⊙ yr−1, a factor of 6.5 less than if all clouds are bound.
Forward Modeling of Solar Coronal Magnetic-field Measurements Based on a Magnetic-field-induced Transition in Fe x
Authors: Chen Yajie , Li Wenxian , Tian Hui , Chen Feng , Bai Xianyong , Yang Yang , Yang Zihao , Liu Xianyu , Deng Yuanyong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
It was recently proposed that the intensity ratios of several extreme ultraviolet spectral lines from Fe x ions can be used to measure the solar coronal magnetic field based on magnetic-field-induced transition (MIT) theory. To verify the suitability of this method, we performed forward modeling with a three-dimensional radiation magnetohydrodynamic model of a solar active region. Intensities of several spectral lines from Fe x were synthesized from the model. Based on MIT theory, the intensity ratios of the MIT line Fe x 257 Å to several other Fe x lines were used to derive magnetic-field strengths, which were then compared with the field strengths in the model. We also developed a new method to simultaneously estimate the coronal density and temperature from the Fe x 174/175 and 184/345 Å line ratios. Using these estimates, we demonstrated that the MIT technique can provide reasonably accurate measurements of the coronal magnetic field in both on-disk and off-limb solar observations. Our investigation suggests that a spectrometer that can simultaneously observe the Fe x 174, 175, 184, 257, and 345 Å lines and allow an accurate radiometric calibration for these lines is highly desired to achieve reliable measurements of the coronal magnetic field. We have also evaluated the impact of the uncertainty in the Fe x 3p4 3d 4D5/2 and 4D7/2 energy difference on the magnetic-field measurements.
The Nuclear Star Cluster and Nuclear Stellar Disk of the Milky Way: Different Stellar Populations and Star Formation Histories
Authors: Nogueras-Lara Francisco , Schödel Rainer , Neumayer Nadine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Milky Way’s nuclear stellar disk (NSD) and nuclear star cluster (NSC) are the main features of the Galactic center. Nevertheless, their observation is hampered by the extreme source crowding and high extinction. Hence, their relation and formation scenario are not fully clear yet. We aim to detect the stellar populations from the NSC and the NSD along the line of sight toward the NSC and assess whether they have different stellar populations and star formation histories. We analyzed the color–magnitude diagram, K

s
versus H−K

s
, of a region of 8.′2 × 2.′8 centered on the NSC, and detected two different stellar groups with different extinctions. We studied their red clumps to find the features associated with each of the stellar populations. We obtained that the two groups of stars correspond to the NSD and the NSC and found that they have significantly different stellar populations and star formation histories. We detected a double red clump for the NSD population, in agreement with previous work, whereas the NSC presents a more complex structure well fitted by three Gaussian features. We created extinction maps to analyze the extinction variation between the detected stellar groups. We found that the high-extinction layer varies on smaller scales (arcseconds) and that there is a difference of

A

K

s

∼ 0.6 mag between both extinction layers. Finally, we obtained that the distance toward each of the stellar populations is compatible with the Galactic center distance and found some evidence of a slightly closer distance for the NSD stars (∼360 ± 200 pc).
Des morceaux choisis à la littérature ? Les extraits dans les manuels de français à l’école primaire : quelles limites pour rendre l’élève lecteur ?
Authors: Finet Béatrice 
Published: October 2021

L’apprentissage de la lecture est un enjeu important à l’école primaire. La présence d’un auteur réputé en littérature pour la jeunesse dans des manuels récents de cycle 3 tendrait à montrer que les auteurs prennent en compte les recommandations des listes Eduscol ainsi que la volonté exprimée dans les programmes d’enseigner la compréhension et la lecture littéraire. Les choix des auteurs concernant « l’agencement » (Denizot) servent des finalités pédagogiques différentes, notamment un apprentissage formel. La relation d’« amphitextualité », ainsi induite, semble valoriser davantage une lecture purement instrumentale et des objectifs éducatifs (Bishop) qui finalement éloigneraient les élèves de l’apprentissage de la littérature. Enfin, l’effet de patrimonialisation (Louichon) instauré par la présence du même auteur tend à en faire un auteur scolaire, ce qui substitue la nécessité de faire lire son œuvre.
Quand Dunkerque vendait à l’Europe du tabac américain. Melchior Didier, un manufacturier dunkerquois à la veille de la guerre d’Amérique (1770-1774)
Authors: Leclercq Romain 
Published: October 2021

Au cours du xviii e siècle, Dunkerque devient le foyer d’une intense activité manufacturière : n’étant pas soumis au contrôle de la Ferme générale, la Flandre peut s’adonner librement à la culture, à la fabrication et à la vente de tabac. La fabrication de tabac prend ainsi une grande ampleur à Dunkerque et dépasse en importance les activités maritimes du port. En 1749, les manufactures dunkerquoises de tabac emploient 4 000 ouvriers pour une population de 15 000 habitants. La situation de carrefour de la cité flamande au nord-ouest européen se double du privilège inestimable qu’est la franchise fiscale intégrale du port. Cela permet aux manufacturiers dunkerquois d’importer d’Angleterre à moindre coût le tabac virginien afin de le transformer en carottes commercialisables, le plus souvent en y mêlant une part variable de tabac brun indigène cultivé en Flandre. Sur un marché du tabac très concurrentiel, mais où la demande va croissante dans toute l’Europe, les tabacs estampillés « façon de Dunkerque » vont jouir d’une excellente réputation, concurrençant sans difficultés les tabacs de Paris, de Saint-Omer, de Hollande ou encore de Strasbourg. L’activité du négociant-manufacturier Melchior Didier (1709-1788) est l’occasion de lever le voile sur cette industrie dunkerquoise qui reste encore mal connue.
Jules Huret, grand reporter au Figaro . Avènement d’un Boulonnais à Paris et à l’international
Authors: Priotti Jean-Philippe , Lescop Guillaume 
Published: October 2021

Jules Huret devient dès la fin du xix e siècle un des reporters les plus lus de son époque et ses récits de voyage en Europe et en Amérique constituent d’authentiques best sellers . Le rayonnement de sa méthode « du voir et du sentir », ainsi qu’un procédé novateur d’enquête directe, insistant sur le témoignage de première main, imprègnent durablement le journalisme étranger. L’étude de sa trajectoire, de son lieu de naissance à Paris, permet de détecter les logiques de fonctionnement qui le font parvenir au sommet de son art.
Les démons pèchent-ils toujours ?
Authors: Costa Iacopo 
Published: October 2021

L’article étudie les théories scolastiques de l’ obstinatio des démons chez certains théologiens de la seconde moitié du xiii e siècle et du début du xiv e . On analyse, en particulier, comment ces auteurs ont caractérisé l’état de la volonté des créatures damnées : contrairement à la volonté des viatores , qui peut être bonne ou mauvaise, et à la volonté des anges, qui ne peut plus pécher, la volonté des damnés se trouve dans la situation paradoxale de causer librement, entièrement ou en partie, l’acte même qui constitue leur punition et dont ils voudraient se libérer.