bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Certain Congenital Infections in Aplastic Anemia and Prognostic Value of Fetal Hemoglobin as a Follow-Up Marker
Authors: Sheta Enas Ahmed , El-Hawary Eslam El-Sayed , Elbendary Amal Saeid , Shebl Shebl Said 
Published: August 2021

Background: TORCH infection has a role in aplastic anemia (AA). Fetal hemoglobin may be high in certain acquired hematological conditions such as aplastic anemia. We conducted this study to evaluate the correlation between certain congenital infections and severity of aplastic anemia and to study fetal Hb as a follow up marker during treatment of aplastic anemia. The aim of study was to correlation between certain congenital infection and severity of aplastic anemia and to study of hemoglobin F (HbF) as a follow up marker during treatment of aplastic anemia.
Methods: Our prospective study was conducted on 20 children aged up to 18 years diagnosed with aplastic anemia following either bone marrow aspiration or biopsy that proves bone marrow hypocellularity with absence infiltrative BM disease or inherited BM disease recruited from Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit of Tanta University Hospital. Patients were classified according to level of HbF in to high HbF group and normal HbF group.
Results: TORCH infections were detected in certain numbers of patients . HbF decreased in high HbF group after treatment. There was significant increase in CBC parameters in high HbF group than normal HbF group after treatment. There was insignificant decrease in mortality in high HbF group than normal HbF group. Mild to moderate cases were significantly higher with TORCH IgM +ve cases
Conclusions: Acquired AA is associated with TORCH infection. In treated cases of AA, improvement of hematological parameters is associated with high HbF and from these results, it can be used as a prognostic marker to monitor the successful response of these cases to the used line of treatment.
Changes Associated with Treatment of Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice with Momordica charantia, Xylopia aethiopica and Entandrophragma angolense Leaf Extract
Authors: Kareem Fatai A. , Owolabi Opeyemi J. , Alabi Mutiu A. , Ogunsuyi Omotola B. , AbdulKadir Sofiyat F. , Obatoye Ayodeji O. 
Published: August 2021

Aim: Leaves of plants have been useful in the treatment of various diseases and infections. The study aims at determining the nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and hematological effect of Momordica charantia, Xylopia aethiopica, and Entandrophragma angolense on the Plasmodium berghei infected mice.
Study Design: The plants’ leaves were air-dried and extracted. Forty-two Swiss male mice, 18 to 25 g, were grouped into six of seven mice each. Group I was uninfected but were administered with normal saline for four days, Group II to VI were all infected with P. berghei and administered with normal saline, 300 mg/b.w. of M. charantia leaf extract, 300 mg/b.w. of E. angolense leaf extract, 300 mg/b.w. of X. aethiopica leaf extract and 40 mg/b.w. of chloroquine injection for four days, respectively.
Results: The treatment groups showed a lower level of toxicity when compared with chloroquine treatment. X. aethiopica has the greatest positive impact on the PCV level of the experimental animals of its treated group compared with other groups.
Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the antimalarial potential of X. aethiopica and thus can be used to treat malaria without anemia as a side effect.
Iron, Nitrogen Co‐Doped Carbon Spheres as Low Cost, Scalable Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Feng Jingyu , Cai Rongsheng , Magliocca Emanuele , Luo Hui , Higgins Luke , Romario Giulio L. Fumagalli , Liang Xiaoqiang , Pedersen Angus , Xu Zhen , Guo Zhenyu , Periasamy Arun , Brett Dan , Miller Thomas S. , Haigh Sarah J. , Mishra Bhoopesh , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAtomically dispersed transition metal‐nitrogen‐carbon catalysts are emerging as low‐cost electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells. However, a cost‐effective and scalable synthesis strategy for these catalysts is still required, as well as a greater understanding of their mechanisms. Herein, iron, nitrogen co‐doped carbon spheres (Fe@NCS) have been prepared via hydrothermal carbonization and high‐temperature post carbonization. It is determined that FeN4 is the main form of iron existing in the obtained Fe@NCS. Two different precursors containing Fe2+ and Fe3+ are compared. Both chemical and structural differences have been observed in catalysts starting from Fe2+ and Fe3+ precursors. Fe2+@NCS‐A (starting with Fe2+ precursor) shows better catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. This catalyst is studied in an anion exchange membrane fuel cell. The high open‐circuit voltage demonstrates the potential approach for developing high‐performance, low‐cost fuel cell catalysts.
Scalable, Template Driven Formation of Highly Crystalline Lead‐Tin Halide Perovskite Films
Authors: Xi Jun , Duim Herman , Pitaro Matteo , Gahlot Kushagra , Dong Jingjin , Portale Giuseppe , Loi Maria Antonietta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLow bandgap lead‐tin halide perovskites are predicted to be candidates to maximize the performance of single junction and tandem solar cells based on metal halide perovskites. In spite of the tremendous progress in lab‐scale device efficiency, devices fabricated with scalable techniques fail to reach the same efficiencies, which hinder their potential industrialization. Herein, a method is proposed that involves a template of a 2D perovskite deposited with a scalable technique (blade coating), which is then converted in situ to form a highly crystalline 3D lead‐tin perovskite. These templated grown films are alloyed with stoichiometric ratio and are highly oriented with the (l00) planes aligning parallel to the substrate. The low surface/volume ratio of the obtained single‐crystal‐like films contributes to their enhanced stability in different environments. Finally, the converted films are demonstrated as active layer for solar cells, opening up the opportunity to develop this scalable technique for the growth of highly crystalline hybrid halide perovskites for photovoltaic devices.
Multifunctional Superelastic Cellulose Nanofibrils Aerogel by Dual Ice‐Templating Assembly
Authors: Qin Hengfei , Zhang Yifan , Jiang Jungang , Wang Lili , Song Mingyao , Bi Ran , Zhu Penghui , Jiang Feng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA superelastic aerogel with fast shape recovery performance from large compressive strain is highly desired for numerous applications such as thermal insulation in clothing, high‐sensitive sensors, and oil contaminant removal. Fabrication of superelastic cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) aerogels is challenging as the CNF can assemble into non‐elastic sheet‐like cell walls. Here, a dual ice‐templating assembly (DITA) strategy is proposed that can control the assembly of CNF into sub‐micrometer fibers by extremely low temperature freezing (–196 °C), which can further assemble into an elastic aerogel with interconnected sub‐micron fibers by freezer freezing (−20 °C) and freeze drying. The CNF aerogel from the DITA process demonstrates isotropic superelastic behavior that can recover from over 80% compressive strain along both longitudinal and cross‐sectional directions, even in an extremely cold liquid nitrogen environment. The elastic CNF aerogel can be easily modified by chemical vapor deposition of organosilane, demonstrating superhydrophobicity (164° water contact angle), high liquid absorption (489 g g−1 of chloroform absorption capacity), self‐cleaning, thermal insulating (0.023 W (mK)−1), and infrared shielding properties. This new DITA strategy provides a facile design of superelastic aerogels from bio‐based nanomaterials, and the derived high performance multifunctional elastic aerogel is expected to be useful for a wide‐range of applications.
Rational Cathode Design for High‐Power Sodium‐Metal Chloride Batteries
Authors: Graeber Gustav , Landmann Daniel , Svaluto‐Ferro Enea , Vagliani Fabrizio , Basso Diego , Turconi Alberto , Heinz Meike V. F. , Battaglia Corsin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources requires economic, high‐performance electrochemical energy storage. High‐temperature sodium‐metal chloride batteries combine long cycle and calendar life, with high specific energy, no self‐discharge, and minimum maintenance requirements, while employing abundant raw materials. However, large‐scale deployment in mobility and stationary storage applications is currently hindered by high production cost of the complex, commercial tubular cells and limited rate capability. The present study introduces sodium‐metal chloride cells with a simple, planar architecture that provide high specific power while maintaining the inherent high specific energy. Rational cathode design, considering critical transport processes and the effect of cathode composition on the cell resistance, enables the development of high‐performance cells with average discharge power of 1022 W kg−1 and discharge energy per cycle of 258 Wh kg−1 on cathode composite level, shown over 140 cycles at an areal capacity of 50 mAh cm−2. This corresponds to a 3.2C discharge over 80% of full charge. Compared to the best performing planar sodium‐metal chloride cells with similar cycling stability and mass loading in the literature, the presented performance represents an increase in specific power by more than a factor of four, while also raising the specific energy by 74%.
Improving the Stability of Non‐Noble‐Metal M–N–C Catalysts for Proton‐Exchange‐Membrane Fuel Cells through M–N Bond Length and Coordination Regulation
Authors: Miao Zhengpei , Wang Xiaoming , Zhao Zhonglong , Zuo Wenbin , Chen Shaoqing , Li Zhiqiang , He Yanghua , Liang Jiashun , Ma Feng , Wang Hsing‐Lin , Lu Gang , Huang Yunhui , Wu Gang , Li Qing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn effective and universal strategy is developed to enhance the stability of the non‐noble‐metal M–Nx/C catalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) by improving the bonding strength between metal ions and chelating polymers, i.e., poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) homopolymer and poly(acrylic acid–maleic acid) (P(AA‐MA)) copolymer with different AA/MA ratios. Mössbauer spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveal that the optimal P(AA‐MA)–Fe–N catalyst with a higher Fe3+–polymer binding constant possesses longer FeN bonds and exclusive Fe–N4/C moiety compared to PAA–Fe–N, which consists of ≈15% low‐coordinated Fe–N2/N3 structures. The optimized P(AA‐MA)–Fe–N catalyst exhibits outstanding ORR activity and stability in both half‐cell and PEMFC cathodes, with the retention rate of current density approaching 100% for the first 37 h at 0.55 V in an H2–air fuel cell. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the Fe–N4/C site could optimize the difference between the adsorption energy of the Fe atoms on the support (Ead) and the bulk cohesive energy (Ecoh) relative to Fe–N2/N3 moieties, thereby strongly stabilizing Fe centers against demetalation.
Fused‐Silica 3D Chiral Metamaterials via Helium‐Assisted Microcasting Supporting Topologically Protected Twist Edge Resonances with High Mechanical Quality Factors
Authors: Köpfler Julian , Frenzel Tobias , Schmalian Jörg , Wegener Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is predicted theoretically that a 1D diatomic chain of 3D chiral cells can support a topological bandgap that allows for translating a small time‐harmonic axial movement at one end of the chain into a resonantly enhanced large rotation of an edge state at the other end. This edge state is topologically protected such that an arbitrary mass of a mirror at the other end does not shift the eigenfrequency out of the bandgap. Herein, this complex 3D laser‐beam‐scanner microstructure is realized in fused‐silica form. A novel microcasting approach is introduced that starts from a hollow polymer cast made by standard 3D laser nanoprinting. The cast is evacuated and filled with helium, such that a highly viscous commercial glass slurry is sucked in. After UV curing and thermal debinding of the polymer, the fused‐silica glass is sintered at 1225 °C under vacuum. Detailed optical measurements reveal a mechanical quality factor of the twist‐edge resonance of 2850 at around 278 kHz resonance frequency under ambient conditions. The microcasting approach can likely be translated to many other glasses, to metals and ceramics, and to complex architectures that are not or not yet amenable to direct 3D laser printing.
Highly Efficient and Robust Broadband Nano‐VO2(M) Saturable Absorber for Nonlinear Optics and Ultrafast Photonics
Authors: Wang Fang , Chen Haobin , Lan Dongfang , Zhang Fan , Sun Yue , Zhang Xuenan , Li Shuguang , Cheng Tonglei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe metal‐to‐insulator transition behavior and the fast and reversible phase transition behavior in vanadium dioxide (VO2) have attracted widespread attention to study various potential applications. However, few studies have been focused on its nonlinear properties and applications in the pulsed laser field. Here, the authors report the design and synthesis of monoclinic nano‐VO2(M) saturable absorber with broadband absorption which spans the entire near‐infrared region, and high optical nonlinearity which is much higher than those of carbon nanomaterials, gold nanocrystals, and Cu1.8S nanocrystals, as measured in the same condition. The nano‐VO2(M) optical modulators are integrated into the fiber laser cavities, and demonstrate wideband Q‐switching operations at 1, 1.56, and 2 µm and mode‐locking operation at 2 µm, with a pulse duration of 765 fs. This work first reveals the outstanding nonlinear optical properties of nano‐VO2(M) and lays a foundation for its development in advanced nonlinear optical and photonic devices.
Encapsulating Cobalt Nanoparticles in Interconnected N‐Doped Hollow Carbon Nanofibers with Enriched CoNC Moiety for Enhanced Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Lu Qi , Wu Han , Zheng Xuerong , Chen Yanan , Rogach Andrey L. , Han Xiaopeng , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRational design of bifunctional efficient electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER) is desirable—while highly challenging—for development of rechargeable metal–air batteries. Herein, an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst is designed and fabricated by encapsulating Co nanoparticles in interconnected N‐doped hollow porous carbon nanofibers (designated as Co@N‐C/PCNF) using an ultrafast high‐temperature shock technology. Benefiting from the synergistic effect and intrinsic activity of the CoNC moiety, as well as porous structure of carbon nanofibers, the Co@N‐C/PCNF composite shows high bifunctional electrocatalytic activities for both OER (289 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and ORR (half‐wave potential of 0.85 V). The CoNC moiety in the composite can modulate the local environmental and electrical structure of the catalysts, thus optimizing the adsorption/desorption kinetics and decreasing the reaction barriers for promoting the reversible oxygen electrocatalysis. Co@N‐C/PCNF‐based aqueous Zn–air batteries (AZAB) provide high power density of 292 mW cm−2, and the assembled flexible ZAB can power wearable devices.
Nonlinear Behavior of Dendritic Polymer Networks for Reservoir Computing
Authors: Petrauskas Lautaro , Cucchi Matteo , Grüner Christopher , Ellinger Frank , Leo Karl , Matthus Christian , Kleemann Hans 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganic electrochemical devices are an emerging class of devices with synaptic properties that might allow for the implementation of next‐generation neuromorphic circuits for power‐efficient computing. Here, a brain‐inspired neural network approach, namely reservoir computing, which relies on a nonlinear transformation of a low‐dimensional input signal onto a high‐dimensional output space for information processing is utilized. The implementation of reservoir computing using dendritic networks of polymeric fibers is demonstrated and the nonlinear response of the polymer networks are analyzed and the sources of nonlinearity are identified. Furthermore, by adding a delayed feedback loop to the reservoir, it is proven that such a network can undergo a bifurcation into a chaotic state, proving sufficient complexity of the system for advanced classification tasks with time‐dependent data. Ultimately, a classification task is carried out and the accuracy is compared of the classification of different degrees of complexity of the system, showing an increase in accuracy from 60% for the base network to 80% when the delayed feedback loop is incorporated.
Design and Construction of Deformable Heaters: Materials, Structure, and Applications
Authors: Hu Zhiqiang , Zhou Jian , Fu Qiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConventional heaters have evolved from traditional rigid heaters to flexible heaters, stretchable heaters, and deformable heaters for the development of soft electronics. Film‐based or filament‐based heaters can be designed and engineered to fulfill the deformable, adaptable and stretchable applications. Compared with conventional heaters, deformable heaters can maintain stable electrothermal property even with large deformation. Based on this, deformable heaters have shown great potential to be used in the field of Internet of Things and work together with other electronic devices. This review summarizes the structure design strategies to achieve deformable heaters. Parameters, such as electrical conductivity, stretchability, thermal capacity, and thermal diffusivity, play essential roles in the effective design and development of heating devices. New methodologies and fabrication processes are developed to obtain deformable heaters that are expected to be highly conductive, adaptable, and conformable, as well as can be readily integrated with wearable fabrics. This review introduces the latest advances from conventional heaters to deformable heaters, emphasizing key recent developments on methodologies and fabrication processes and strategies geared toward applications in electronic skin, healthcare, deicing, sensors, and actuators. The challenges in this area are critically evaluated, and the perspectives for developing future deformable heaters are presented.
Current State‐of‐the‐Art in the Interface/Surface Modification of Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: He Shiyang , Lehmann Sebastian , Bahrami Amin , Nielsch Kornelius 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThermoelectric (TE) materials are prominent candidates for energy converting applications due to their excellent performance and reliability. Extensive efforts for improving their efficiency in single‐/multi‐phase composites comprising nano/micro‐scale second phases are being made. The artificial decoration of second phases into the thermoelectric matrix in multi‐phase composites, which is distinguished from the second‐phase precipitation occurring during the thermally equilibrated synthesis of TE materials, can effectively enhance their performance. Theoretically, the interfacial manipulation of phase boundaries can be extended to a wide range of materials. High interface densities decrease thermal conductivity when nano/micro‐scale grain boundaries are obtained and certain electronic structure modifications may increase the power factor of TE materials. Based on the distribution of second phases on the interface boundaries, the strategies can be divided into discontinuous and continuous interfacial modifications. The discontinuous interfacial modifications section in this review discusses five parts chosen according to their dispersion forms, including metals, oxides, semiconductors, carbonic compounds, and MXenes. Alternatively, gas‐ and solution‐phase process techniques are adopted for realizing continuous surface changes, like the core–shell structure. This review offers a detailed analysis of the current state‐of‐the‐art in the field, while identifying possibilities and obstacles for improving the performance of TE materials.
Biokatalytische C3‐Indol‐Methylierung – ein nützliches Werkzeug für die naturstoffinspirierte stereoselektive Synthese von Pyrroloindolen
Authors: Schneider Pascal , Henßen Birgit , Paschold Beatrix , Chapple Benjamin P. , Schatton Marcel , Seebeck Florian P. , Classen Thomas , Pietruszka Jörg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDie enantioselektive Synthese bioaktiver Verbindungen, die ein Pyrroloindolgerüst tragen, ist oft aufwändig. Im Gegensatz dazu sind mehrere S‐Adenosylmethionin (SAM)‐abhängige Methyltransferasen bekannt, die stereo‐ und regioselektive Methylierungen an der C3‐Position verschiedener Indole durchführen und damit eine direkte Bildung des gewünschten Pyrroloindolgerüsts ermöglichen. Hier wird die SAM‐abhängige Methyltransferase PsmD aus Streptomyces griseofuscus, ein Schlüsselenzym in der Biosynthese von Physostigmin, im Detail charakterisiert. Die biochemischen Eigenschaften von PsmD und ihr Substratspektrum werden aufgezeigt. Die enzymatische Methylierung im präparativen Maßstab, einschließlich der SAM‐Regeneration, wurde für drei ausgewählte Substrate nach einer Design‐of‐Experiment‐Optimierung erreicht.
Stable Anion‐Derived Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Tao , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Yao Nan , Yao Yu‐Xing , Hou Li‐Peng , Chen Xiang , Zhou Ming‐Yue , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh‐energy‐density lithium (Li) metal batteries are severely hindered by the dendritic Li deposition dictated by non‐uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Despite its unique advantages in improving the uniformity of Li deposition, the current anion‐derived SEI is unsatisfactory under practical conditions. Herein regulating the electrolyte structure of anions by anion receptors was proposed to construct stable anion‐derived SEI. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB) anion acceptors with electron‐deficient boron atoms interact with bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anions (FSI−) and decrease the reduction stability of FSI−. Furthermore, the type of aggregate cluster of FSI− in electrolyte changes, FSI− interacting with more Li ions in the presence of TPFPB. Therefore, the decomposition of FSI− to form Li2S is promoted, improving the stability of anion‐derived SEI. In working Li | LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 batteries under practical conditions, the anion‐derived SEI with TPFPB undergoes 194 cycles compared with 98 cycles of routine anion‐derived SEI. This work inspires a fresh ground to construct stable anion‐derived SEI by manipulating the electrolyte structure of anions.
Sustainable Pd(OAc)2/Hydroquinone Cocatalyst System for Cis‐Selective Dibenzoyloxylation of 1,3‐Cyclohexadiene
Authors: Stamoulis Alexios G. , Geng Peng , Schmidt Michael A. , Eastgate Martin D. , Borovika Alina , Fraunhoffer Kenneth J. , Stahl Shannon S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe 1,4‐diacyloxylation of 1,3‐cyclohexadiene (CHD) affords valuable stereochemically defined scaffolds for natural product and pharmaceutical synthesis. Existing cis‐selective diacyloxylation protocols require superstoichiometric quantities of benzoquinone (BQ) or MnO2, which limit process sustainability and large‐scale application. In this report, reaction development and mechanistic studies are described that overcome these limitations by pairing catalytic BQ with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as the stoichiometric oxidant. Catalytic quantities of bromide enable a switch from trans to cis diastereoselectivity. A catalyst with a 1:2 Pd:Br ratio supports high cis selectivity while retaining good rate and product yield. Further studies enable replacement of BQ with hydroquinone (HQ) as a source of cocatalyst, avoiding the handling of volatile and toxic BQ in large‐scale applications.