bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sphenix: smoothed particle hydrodynamics for the next generation of galaxy formation simulations
Authors: Borrow Josh , Schaller Matthieu , Bower Richard G , Schaye Joop 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a ubiquitous numerical method for solving the fluid equations, and is prized for its conservation properties, natural adaptivity, and simplicity. We introduce the Sphenix SPH scheme, which was designed with three key goals in mind: to work well with sub-grid physics modules that inject energy, be highly computationally efficient (both in terms of compute and memory), and to be Lagrangian. sphenix uses a Density-Energy equation of motion, along with a variable artificial viscosity and conduction, including limiters designed to work with common sub-grid models of galaxy formation. In particular, we present and test a novel limiter that prevents conduction across shocks, preventing spurious radiative losses in feedback events. Sphenix is shown to solve many difficult test problems for traditional SPH, including fluid mixing and vorticity conservation, and it is shown to produce convergent behaviour in all tests where this is appropriate. Crucially, we use the same parameters within sphenix for the various switches throughout, to demonstrate the performance of the scheme as it would be used in production simulations. sphenix is the new default scheme in the swift cosmological simulation code and is available open source.
Turbulent disc viscosity and the bifurcation of planet formation histories
Authors: Speedie Jessica , Pudritz Ralph E , Cridland A J , Meru Farzana , Booth Richard A 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
ALMA observations of dust ring/gap structures in a minority but growing sample of protoplanetary discs can be explained by the presence of planets at large disc radii – yet the origins of these planets remains debated. We perform planet formation simulations using a semi-analytic model of the HL Tau disc to follow the growth and migration of hundreds of planetary embryos initially distributed throughout the disc, assuming either a high or low turbulent α viscosity. We have discovered that there is a bifurcation in the migration history of forming planets as a consequence of varying the disc viscosity. In our high viscosity discs, inward migration prevails and yields compact planetary systems, tempered only by planet trapping at the water iceline around 5 au. In our lower viscosity models however, low mass planets can migrate outward to twice their initial orbital radii, driven by a radially extended region of strong outward-directed corotation torques located near the heat transition (where radiative heating of the disc by the star is comparable to viscous heating) – before eventually migrating inwards. We derive analytic expressions for the planet mass at which the corotation torque dominates, and find that this ‘corotation mass’ scales as Mp, corot ∼ α2/3. If disc winds dominate the corotation torque, the corotation mass scales linearly with wind strength. We propose that the observed bifurcation in disc demographics into a majority of compact dust discs and a minority of extended ring/gap systems is a consequence of a distribution of viscosity across the disc population.
H α-based star formation rates in and around z ∼ 0.5 EDisCS clusters
Authors: Cooper Jennifer R , Rudnick Gregory H , Brammer Gabriel G , Desjardins Tyler , Mann Justin L , Weiner Benjamin J , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , De Lucia Gabriella , Desai Vandana , Finn Rose A , Jablonka Pascale , Jaffé Yara L , Moustakas John , Spérone-Longin Damien , Teplitz Harry I , Vulcani Benedetta , Zaritsky Dennis 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate the role of environment on star formation rates (SFRs) of galaxies at various cosmic densities in well-studied clusters. We present the star-forming main sequence for 163 galaxies in four EDisCS clusters in the range 0.4 &lt; z &lt; 0.7. We use Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 observations of the H α emission line to span three distinct local environments: the cluster core, infall region, and external field galaxies. The main sequence defined from our observations is consistent with other published H α distributions at similar redshifts but differs from those derived from star formation tracers such as 24 $\, \mu$m. We find that the Hα-derived SFRs for the 67 galaxies with stellar masses greater than the mass-completeness limit of M* &gt; 109.75 M⊙ show little dependence on environment. At face value, the similarities in the SFR distributions in the three environments may indicate that the process of finally shutting down star formation is rapid, however, the depth of our data and size of our sample make it difficult to conclusively test this scenario. Despite having significant H α emission, 21 galaxies are classified as UVJ-quiescent and may represent a demonstration of the quenching of star formation caught in the act.
The formation of the Milky Way halo and its dwarf satellites: A NLTE–1D abundance analysis. V. The Sextans galaxy
Authors: Mashonkina L , Pakhomov Yu V , Sitnova T , Jablonka P , Yakovleva S A , Belyaev A K 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a homogeneous set of accurate atmospheric parameters for a sample of eleven very metal-poor (−3.32 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤−2.61) stars in the Sextans dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) and the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) abundances of, at least, seven chemical elements based on high-resolution UVES/VLT and HDS/Subaru spectra. For each star, its effective temperature and surface gravity were derived from the spectral energy distribution and the known distance, and the Fe abundance was obtained as the average from lines of Fe i and Fe ii. Based on abundances of Mg, Ca, and Ti, we show that all the investigated stars reveal α-enhancements of 0.4 dex to 0.2 dex, and there is a hint of a decline in α/Fe for [Fe/H] &gt;−2.8. The Sextans stars are deficient in Ba. The new result is an extremely tight relation between Ba and Mg, suggesting their common origin in massive stars and Ba synthesis in the r-process events on the time-scales of standard supernovae. The exception is a C-enhanced star S 15-19 which is strongly enhanced in Ba. This star is unlikely to be a CEMP-s star because of low abundances of Sr and Y ([Y/Fe] &lt;−1) that are produced in the s-process as efficiently as Ba and a non-detection of variation in the radial velocity. No distinctions from the Milky Way halo and the Sculptor and Ursa Minor dSphs were found in a history of early enrichment in Na and Ni, namely, the Sextans stars are deficient in Na and have close-to-solar Ni/Fe.
Modelling the water and carbon dioxide production rates of Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Authors: Davidsson Björn J R , Samarasinha Nalin H , Farnocchia Davide , Gutiérrez Pedro J 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The European Space Agency Rosetta/Philae mission to Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko in 2014–2016 is the most complete and diverse investigation of a comet carried out thus far. Yet, many physical and chemical properties of the comet remain uncertain or unknown, and cometary activity is still not a well-understood phenomenon. We here attempt to place constraints on the nucleus abundances and sublimation front depths of H2O and CO2 ice, and to reconstruct how the nucleus evolved throughout the perihelion passage. We employ the thermophysical modelling code ‘Numerical Icy Minor Body evolUtion Simulator’, or nimbus, to search for conditions under which the observed H2O and CO2 production rates are simultaneously reproduced before and after perihelion. We find that the refractories to water–ice mass ratio of relatively pristine nucleus material is μ ≈ 1, that airfall material has μ ≈ 2, and that the molar abundance of CO2 relative H2O is near 30 per cent. The dust mantle thickness is typically $\lesssim 2\, \mathrm{cm}$. The average CO2 sublimation front depths near aphelion were $\sim 3.8\, \mathrm{m}$ and $\sim 1.9\, \mathrm{m}$ on the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively, but varied substantially with time. We propose that airfall material is subjected to substantial fragmentation and pulverization due to thermal fatigue during the aphelion passage. Sub-surface compaction of material due to CO2 activity near perihelion seems to have reduced the diffusivity in a measurable way.
LncRNA Hmrhl regulates expression of cancer related genes in chronic myelogenous leukemia through chromatin association
Authors: Choudhury Subhendu Roy , Dutta Sangeeta , Bhaduri Utsa , Rao Manchanahalli R Satyanarayana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Long non-coding RNA has emerged as a key regulator of myriad gene functions. One such lncRNA mrhl, reported by our group, was found to have important role in spermatogenesis and embryonic development in mouse. Recently, its human homolog, Hmrhl was shown to have differential expression in several type of cancers. In the present study, we further characterize molecular features of Hmrhl and gain insight into its functional role in leukemia by gene silencing and transcriptome-based studies. Results indicate its high expression in CML patient samples as well as in K562 cell line. Silencing experiments suggest role of Hmrhl in cell proliferation, migration & invasion. RNA-seq and ChiRP-seq data analysis further revealed its association with important biological processes, including perturbed expression of crucial TFs and cancer-related genes. Among them ZIC1, PDGRFβ and TP53 were identified as regulatory targets, with high possibility of triplex formation by Hmrhl at their promoter site. Further, overexpression of PDGRFβ in Hmrhl silenced cells resulted in rescue effect of cancer associated cellular phenotypes. In addition, we also found TAL-1 to be a potential regulator of Hmrhl expression in K562 cells. Thus, we hypothesize that Hmrhl lncRNA may play a significant role in the pathobiology of CML.
Clone decomposition based on mutation signatures provides novel insights into mutational processes
Authors: Matsutani Taro , Hamada Michiaki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Intra-tumor heterogeneity is a phenomenon in which mutation profiles differ from cell to cell within the same tumor and is observed in almost all tumors. Understanding intra-tumor heterogeneity is essential from the clinical perspective. Numerous methods have been developed to predict this phenomenon based on variant allele frequency. Among the methods, CloneSig models the variant allele frequency and mutation signatures simultaneously and provides an accurate clone decomposition. However, this method has limitations in terms of clone number selection and modeling. We propose SigTracer, a novel hierarchical Bayesian approach for analyzing intra-tumor heterogeneity based on mutation signatures to tackle these issues. We show that SigTracer predicts more reasonable clone decompositions than the existing methods against artificial data that mimic cancer genomes. We applied SigTracer to whole-genome sequences of blood cancer samples. The results were consistent with past findings that single base substitutions caused by a specific signature (previously reported as SBS9) related to the activation-induced cytidine deaminase intensively lie within immunoglobulin-coding regions for chronic lymphocytic leukemia samples. Furthermore, we showed that this signature mutates regions responsible for cell–cell adhesion. Accurate assignments of mutations to signatures by SigTracer can provide novel insights into signature origins and mutational processes.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Sources of Meaning Card Method: A New Meaning-Oriented Approach Predicts Depression, Anxiety, Pain Acceptance, and Crisis of Meaning in Patients with Chronic Pain
Authors: Böhmer Miriam C , la Cour Peter , Schnell Tatjana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
Although considered the first-line psychological treatment for chronic pain, cognitive behavioral therapy has recently been criticized as being too limited, insufficient, and sometimes ineffective in the treatment of patients with chronic pain. Moreover, important existential perspectives are sparsely or not at all integrated into cognitive behavioral therapy. We therefore propose to complement chronic pain treatment with a meaning-based intervention, the Sources of Meaning Card Method (SoMeCaM). This study tested its efficacy.

Design
A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 42 patients with chronic pain. The trial compared an intervention group (standard care and participation in the SoMeCaM, a meaning-oriented approach) with a control group (standard care). We evaluated both groups at baseline and at 1 (t1) and 2 months (t2) after the intervention. The primary outcome assessed was pain acceptance, while depression, anxiety, pain intensity, pain medication, satisfaction with life, meaningfulness, and crisis of meaning were examined as secondary outcomes.

Results
Comparisons within and between groups showed significant treatment effects at t1. Higher increases in pain acceptance and decreases in anxiety, depression, and crisis of meaning were observed in the intervention group. Improvements in pain acceptance and anxiety persisted until t2, when pain intensity was also lower. Effect sizes at t2 were medium to large.

Conclusion
Our preliminary work demonstrates the importance of the existential perspective in chronic pain therapy.
Correlation Made Simple: Applications to Salience and Regret Theory
Authors: Lanzani Giacomo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
I offer an axiomatization of risk models where the choices of the decision maker are correlation sensitive. By extending the techniques of conjoint measurement to the nondeterministic case, I show that transitivity is the von Neumann-Morgenstern axiom that has to be relaxed to allow for these richer patterns of behavior. To illustrate the advantages of the modeling choice, we provide a simple axiomatization for the salience theory model in our general framework. This approach leads to clear comparison to popular preexisting models, such as regret and reference dependence, and allows one to single out the ordering property as the feature that brings salience theory outside the prospect theory realm.
The first cave associated genus of Berothidae (Insecta: Neuroptera), and a new interpretation of the subfamily Cyrenoberothinae
Authors: Machado Renato Jose Pires , Martins Caleb Califre , Aspöck Horst , De Miranda Tavares Leon Gustavo , Aspöck Ulrike 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A new genus of Berothidae (Neuroptera), Speleoberotha gen. nov., with two new species from Brazil, Speleoberotha mineira sp. nov. and Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov., are herein presented. These are the first cave-associated species of Berothidae ever recorded. The new genus shares some characters with the two extant genera of the subfamily Cyrenoberothinae, Cyrenoberotha and Manselliberotha, and other characters are shared with three fossil genera, Microberotha, Protoberotha and Sibelliberotha. This intermediate nature of the new genus was reinforced by the phylogenetic analyses presented here, which recovered Speleoberotha gen. nov. as sister to Sibelliberotha but closely associated with the extant Cyrenoberothinae. In this sense, a new concept of the subfamily Cyrenoberothinae is presented here, now including Speleoberotha gen. nov. and the three fossil genera together with Cyrenoberotha and Manselliberotha. We discuss the biogeographical history of the new concept of Cyrenoberothinae, suggesting that the clade originated in Gondwana. We also provide an identification key for the genera of Cyrenoberothinae.
Postoperative Pain and Opioid Dose Requirements in Patients on Sublingual Buprenorphine
Authors: Komatsu Ryu , Nash Michael , Peperzak Katherin A. , Wu Jiang , Dinges Emily M. , Bollag Laurent A. 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
To test the hypothesis that patients who continued buprenorphine postoperatively experience less severe pain and require a smaller dose of opioids than those who discontinued buprenorphine.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study of surgical patients who were on buprenorphine preoperatively. Using our previous study’s data as pilot data, we selected the covariates to be included in 2 regression models with postoperative time-weighted average pain score and opioid dose requirements in morphine milligram equivalents during 48 hours after surgery as the outcomes. Both contained preoperative daily buprenorphine dose, whether buprenorphine was continued postoperatively, and the preoperative daily dose-by-postoperative continuation interaction as predictors. Precision variables were identified by exhaustive search of perioperative parameters with the exposure variables (preoperative daily dose, postoperative continuation, and their interaction) included in the regression model. The model selected by using the pilot data was estimated again using the new data extracted for this study to make inference about the effect of the 2 exposures (postoperative buprenorphine continuation and preoperative daily buprenorphine dose) and their interaction on the outcomes.

Results:
Continuing buprenorphine was associated with a 1.3-point lower time-weighted average pain score than discontinuing (95% confidence interval, 0.39-2.21; P=0.005) but was not associated with a difference in opioid dose requirements (P=0.48).

Discussion:
Continuing buprenorphine was associated with lower postoperative pain levels than discontinuing. Our results were primarily driven by patients on lower buprenorphine dose as only 22% of patients were on daily doses of 24 mg or above.
Study Groups and POSNA: A Review of Podium Presentations From 2006 to 2020
Authors: Mulvey Hillary E. , Johnson Mitchell A. , Parambath Andrew , Shah Apurva S. , Anari Jason B. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Study groups are multicenter collaborations aimed at improving orthopaedic decision-making through higher-powered, more generalizable studies. New research is disseminated through peer-reviewed literature and academic meetings, including the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) annual meeting, which brings together academic and medical professionals in pediatric orthopaedics. The goal of this study was to identify patterns in podium presentations (PP) at the POSNA annual meeting resulting from multicenter study groups during a 15-year period.

Methods:
A total of 2065 PP from the 2006 to 2020 POSNA annual meetings were identified. The abstracts of each PP were reviewed to determine if they resulted from a multicenter study group and for characteristics including subspecialty focus. PP from 2006 to 2018 were further reviewed for publication in academic journals. Pearson correlation was used to assess change in the number of PP resulting from study groups overtime. Univariate analysis was used to compare characteristics of PP based on study group involvement (significance P<0.05).

Results:
The proportion of PP resulting from study groups increased from 2.2% (n=2) in 2006 to 9.4% in 2020 (n=16) (R
2=0.519, P=0.002). Of the PP resulting from study groups, 52.9% focused on spine, 26.5% on hip, 2.9% on sports, and 2.0% on trauma. This is compared with a distribution of 16.7% (P<0.001) spine, 15.9% (P=0.005) hip, 9.5% (P=0.026) sports, and 14.6% (P<0.001) trauma focus of PP not from study groups. There was no difference in publication rate of PP resulting from study groups compared with those that were not (69.1% vs. 66.2%, P=0.621).

Conclusions:
In the 15-year period from 2006 to 2020, there was a nearly 5-fold increase in the proportion of POSNA PP resulting from study groups. Spine surgery is disproportionately supported by study groups, suggesting that there is an opportunity to establish new study groups across the breadth of pediatric orthopaedics.

Level of Evidence:
Level V.
How Do We Best Educate Our Patients’ Caregivers? Comparing the Efficacy of Print Versus Media-based Education Materials in Peripheral Nerve Catheter and Pain Pump Education
Authors: Parikh Harin B. , Gagliardi Alexia G. , Carry Patrick M. , Albright Jay C. , Mandler Tessa N. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Media-based educational materials (EMs) are becoming prominent. The purpose of this study was to compare print versus media-based EMs given to caregivers of pediatric and young adult patients undergoing surgery. We aimed to see whether print or media-based EMs lead to greater caregiver satisfaction, comfort, and preparedness for outpatient peripheral nerve catheter and pain pump management. We also assessed caregiver preference for EM modality.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that media-based EMs would demonstrate greater overall efficacy and thus generate higher caregiver preference.

Study Design:
Randomized control trial.

Methods:
After IRB approval, clinicaltrials.gov registration (17-0638), and informed consent, caregivers were randomized to either media or print-based EM groups. Caregivers reviewed their assigned EM and completed a standardized assessment of their comprehension. We assessed caregiver satisfaction, preparedness, and comfort level with the content on a 5-point Likert scale. On postoperative days 1 to 2, caregivers reported satisfaction, comfort, and preference for EM modality. An intent-to-treat analysis was used to compare the 2 groups.

Results:
From our final cohort of 135 caregivers, we found no difference [P>0.05] in satisfaction, comfort level, level of preparedness, or discharge readiness scores between groups. After the caregivers were given both EMs, they were evenly split in their preference for print (49.6%) versus video (50.4%) based methods.

Conclusions:
We did not detect a significant difference in caregiver preference or feelings of preparedness between groups. Interestingly, a significant proportion of caregivers (25%) did not feel comfortable managing the peripheral nerve catheter and its pain pump at home. Future studies should work to improve caregiver comfort with educational content before patient discharge.

Clinical Relevance:
Providers and institutions should feel comfortable providing both print and media-based patient and caregiver education. Caregiver education may be best suited based on caregiver preference of one EM modality versus the other.

Level of Evidence:
Level I.