bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bladder surface dose modeling in prostate cancer radiotherapy: An analysis of motion‐induced variations and the cumulative dose across the treatment
Authors: Lao Yi , Cao Minsong , Yang Yingli , Kishan Amar U. , Yang Wensha , Wang Yalin , Sheng Ke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo introduce a novel surface‐based dose mapping method to improve quantitative bladder dosimetric assessment in prostate cancer (PC) radiotherapy.MethodsBased on the planning and daily pre and postfraction MRIs of 12 PC patients, bladder surface models (SMs) were generated on manually delineated contours and regionally aligned via surface‐based registration. Subsequently, bladder surface dose models (SDMs) were created using face‐wise dose sampling. To determine the bladder intrafractional and interfractional motion and dose variation, we performed a pose analysis between pre and postfraction bladder SMs, as well as surface mapping for fractional SMs. Discrepancies between the received dose, accumulated from daily SDMs, and the planned dose were then assessed on the corresponding SDMs. Complementary to the surface dose mapping, dose surface histogram (DSH)‐based comparisons were also performed.ResultsThe intrafraction pose analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) bladder expansion, as well as an anterior/superior drift during the treatment. The intrafraction motion substantially altered dose to mid‐bladder body, but not the bladder surface areas distal to or contiguous with the target. A similar pattern of dose variations was also detected by interfraction comparisons. With surface registration to the common SM, the cumulative bladder dose significantly differs from the planned dose. The discrepancy is evident in the mid‐posterior range that corresponds to a mid‐ to high‐dose region. The received DSH significantly differs from the planned DSH after permutation correction (p = 0.0122), while the overall surface‐based comparison after multiple comparison correction is nonsignificant (p = 0.0800).ConclusionsWe developed a novel surface‐based intra and interdose mapping framework applied to a unique daily MR dataset for image‐guided radiotherapy. The framework identified significant intrafraction bladder positional changes, localized the intra and interfraction variations, and quantified planned versus received dose differences on the bladder surface. The result indicates the importance of adopting the motion‐integrated bladder SDM for bladder dose management.
Waitlist mortality and post‐liver transplant outcomes of pediatric patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma in the United States
Authors: Wu W. Kelly , Ziogas Ioannis A. , Matsuoka Lea K. , Izzy Manhal , Pai Anita K. , Benedetti Daniel J. , Alexopoulos Sophoclis P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiver transplantation (LT) is offered in cases of advanced disease for both pediatric patients with hepatoblastoma (HBL) and those with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current United States organ allocation priorities differ between the two groups.MethodsWe retrospectively examined the waitlist and posttransplant outcomes of pediatric LT candidates with HBL and HCC using the United Network for Organ Sharing registry (February 2002 to September 2020).ResultsSix hundred sixty‐eight children with HBL and 95 children with HCC listed for first LT were identified. Patients with HBL were younger (p < .001), had lower laboratory Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD)/Pediatric End‐stage Liver Disease (PELD) scores (p < .001), and had lesser proportion with encephalopathy (p = .01). Patients with HCC had an increased risk of waitlist mortality in univariable (unadjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] = 4.37, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.01–9.51, p < .001) and multivariable competing risk regression (adjusted sHR = 3.08, 95% CI 1.13–8.37, p = .03) accounting for age and laboratory MELD/PELD score. Five hundred ninety‐five children underwent LT for HBL and 76 for HCC. Patients transplanted for HBL had a significantly higher proportion with status 1B exception (71.3% vs. 7.9%, p < .001). No difference was observed in patient (unadjusted log‐rank test, p = .52; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.40–1.48, p = .43) or graft survival (unadjusted log‐rank test, p = .93; adjusted HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.42–1.33, p = .32) between HCC and HBL recipients.ConclusionWaitlist mortality for pediatric LT candidates with HCC is significantly higher than for HBL, while posttransplant patient and graft survival are similar. This highlights an opportunity to improve equitable prioritization for children with HCC who may have reduced access to size‐appropriate deceased donor organs and less effective bridge‐to‐transplant therapies.
An experimental investigation of epoxy‐based hybrid composites with hexagonal boron nitride and short sisal fiber as reinforcement for high performance microelectronic applications
Authors: Agrawal Alok , Chandraker Saurabh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the present article, an investigation is presented on epoxy‐based composites where the discontinuous phases are microsized boron nitride and sisal fiber (SF). Both the reinforcing materials are surface modified before incorporating them into the epoxy matrix. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) surface is treated by silane‐coupling agent, whereas the aqueous NaOH solution is used to modify the surface of SF. The effect of fillers on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties of hybrid composites is studied through experimentation. The result shows that the inclusion of hBN increases the thermal conductivity of epoxy appreciably and dielectric constant marginally, while the inclusion of SF reduces the thermal conductivity marginally and dielectric constant appreciably. The maximum thermal conductivity of 1.88 W/m‐K is obtained for the combination of 30 wt% hBN and 3 wt% SF. For the same combination, the dielectric constant is 4.57 at 1 GHz, which is almost similar to neat epoxy. Also, other properties like compressive strength, hardness, glass‐transition temperature, and coefficient of thermal expansion improve when combinations of ceramic filler and natural fiber were incorporated in the epoxy matrix. Due to outstanding comprehensive properties, epoxy/hBN/SF composites found potential application in wide microelectronic applications.
Effect of strain rate on the mechanical properties of polycarbonate processed by compression and injection molding
Authors: Ullrich Fabian , Singh Shailendra Pal Veer , McDonald Sean , Krueger Alex , Vera‐Sorroche Javier , Amirkhizi Alireza , Masato Davide 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe high impact strength of polycarbonate has been studied and exploited for many applications. However, the interaction between processing‐induced effects and the strain rate affects the mechanical behavior significantly. In this work, the effects of the processing‐induced thermal history, generated by either injection molding or compression molding, were characterized. Polycarbonate samples manufactured with the two processes were experimentally compared using quasi‐static and dynamic compression testing. The processing effects are further evaluated by combining a numerical calculation of the temperature history and a constitutive model to predict the yield strength of the glassy polymer. The constitutive modeling approach considers both the effect of the rate‐dependent and stress‐activated motion of the chain segments, and the strain‐hardening effect due to molecular alignment. The results indicate that the thermal history has a significant effect at low strain rates, while its influence is negligible in the dynamic range. The modeling effort allows estimating the yield strength with different accuracy depending on the strain rate values.
The Inventory of Teacher‐Student Relationships: Factor structure and associations with school engagement among high‐risk youth
Authors: Pham Yen K. , Murray Christopher , Gau Jeff 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTeacher–student relationships have been studied with increasing intensity during the past three decades, but the majority of this study has focused on young children and has relied on teacher perceptions of these relationships. The current study was designed to add to this growing body of research by exploring the factor structure, reliability, and validity of an instrument designed to measure adolescents' perceptions of their own relationships with teachers. Participants included 687 high school students, half of whom were students with diagnosed disabilities and the other half were students considered at risk of academic failure due to placement in dropout retrieval programs. All youth completed a self‐report instrument of teacher–student relationships along with multidimensional measures of school engagement. Findings from a confirmatory factor analysis of the Inventory of Teacher–Student Relationships indicated that the three hypothesized factors (i.e., Communication, Trust, and Alienation) had robust factor loadings, adequate internal consistency, and were associated with multiple measures of school engagement. These findings align with previous research linking teacher–student relationships with school engagement and support the need for continued research on the importance of teacher–student relationships among adolescents who are at‐risk of experiencing difficulties in school.
CTD of SARS‐CoV‐2 N protein is a cryptic domain for binding ATP and nucleic acid that interplay in modulating phase separation
Authors: Dang Mei , Song Jianxing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid (N) protein plays essential roles in many steps of the viral life cycle, thus representing a key drug target. N protein contains the folded N‐/C‐terminal domains (NTD/CTD) and three intrinsically disordered regions, while its functions including liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) depend on the capacity in binding various viral/host‐cell RNA/DNA of diverse sequences. Previously NTD was established to bind various RNA/DNA while CTD to dimerize/oligomerize for forming high‐order structures. By NMR, here for the first time we decrypt that CTD is not only capable of binding S2m, a specific probe derived from SARS‐CoV‐2 gRNA but with the affinity even higher than that of NTD. Very unexpectedly, ATP, the universal energy currency for all living cells with high cellular concentrations (2–16 mM), specifically binds CTD with Kd of 1.49 ± 0.28 mM. Strikingly, the ATP‐binding residues of NTD/CTD are identical in the SARS‐CoV‐2 variants while ATP and S2m interplay in binding NTD/CTD, as well as in modulating LLPS critical for the viral life cycle. Results together not only define CTD as a novel binding domain for ATP and nucleic acid, but enforce our previous proposal that ATP has been evolutionarily exploited by SARS‐CoV‐2 to complete its life cycle in the host cell. Most importantly, the unique ATP‐binding pockets on NTD/CTD may offer promising targets for design of specific anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 molecules to fight the pandemic. Fundamentally, ATP emerges to act at mM as a cellular factor to control the interface between the host cell and virus lacking the ability to generate ATP.
Quantitative systems pharmacology: Landscape analysis of regulatory submissions to the US Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Bai Jane P. F. , Earp Justin C. , Florian Jeffry , Madabushi Rajanikanth , Strauss David G. , Wang Yaning , Zhu Hao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQuantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) has been proposed as a scientific domain that can enable efficient and informative drug development. During the past several years, there has been a notable increase in the number of regulatory submissions that contain QSP, including Investigational New Drug Applications (INDs), New Drug Applications (NDAs), and Biologics License Applications (BLAs) to the US Food and Drug Administration. However, there has been no comprehensive characterization of the nature of these regulatory submissions regarding model details and intended applications. To address this gap, a landscape analysis of all the QSP submissions as of December 2020 was conducted. This report summarizes the (1) yearly trend of submissions, (2) proportion of submissions between INDs and NDAs/BLAs, (3) percentage distribution along the stages of drug development, (4) percentage distribution across various therapeutic areas, and (5) nature of QSP applications. In brief, QSP is increasingly applied to model and simulate both drug effectiveness and safety throughout the drug development process across disease areas.
Green production of hydrochar nut group from waste materials in subcritical water medium and investigation of their adsorption performance for crystal violet
Authors: Saleh Mohammed , Isik Zelal , Yabalak Erdal , Yalvac Mutlu , Dizge Nadir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates the production of hydrochars from the outer shells of the nut group (peanut, hazelnut, walnut, and pistachio) in an eco‐friendly subcritical water medium (SWM) and their effects as adsorbents on the removal of crystal violet (CV) from an aqueous solution. The prepared hydrochars were characterized using Brunauer Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential. The adsorption process was optimized based on pH, adsorbent dose, dye concentration, and contact time. The hazelnut hydrochar was found to have the maximum removal efficiency (91%). Optimum conditions were pH of 8, particle size <45 μm, adsorption time of 60 min, and dye concentration of 25 mg/L. The results of all hydrochars were fitted to the second‐order kinetics. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich–Peterson isotherms models were used to explain the relationship between adsorbent and adsorbate. For all hydrochars, CV adsorption was found to be feasible and inherently spontaneous. The use of materials with no commercial value like; the outer shells of the nut group, is considered a method for waste reduction using the SWM method.Practitioner Points

Hydrochars of nut group were synthesized in the subcritical water medium.
Adsorption ability of the hydrochars in the adsorption of crystal violet were investigated.
Adsorption isotherms were used to explain the relationship between adsorbent and adsorbate.
The hazelnut hydrochar provided the maximum removal efficiency (91%).
Hazardous water pollutant effectively removed using an eco‐friendly method.
A Linear Parallel Algorithm to Compute Bisimulation and Relational Coarsest Partitions
Authors: Martens Jan , Groote Jan Friso , van den Haak Lars , Hijma Pieter , Wijs Anton 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe most efficient way to calculate strong bisimilarity is by finding the relational coarsest partition of a transition system. We provide the first linear-time algorithm to calculate strong bisimulation using parallel random access machines (PRAMs). More precisely, withnstates,mtransitions and$$| Act |\le m$$|Act|≤maction labels, we provide an algorithm for$$\max (n,m)$$max(n,m)processors that calculates strong bisimulation in time$$\mathcal {O}(n+| Act |)$$O(n+|Act|)and space$$\mathcal {O}(n+m)$$O(n+m). The best-known PRAM algorithm has time complexity$$\mathcal {O}(n\log n)$$O(nlogn)on a smaller number of processors making it less suitable for massive parallel devices such as GPUs. An implementation on a GPU shows that the linear time-bound is achievable on contemporary hardware.
Spin asymmetries in electron-jet production at the future electron ion collider
Authors: Kang Zhong-Bo , Lee Kyle , Shao Ding Yu , Zhao Fanyi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study all the possible spin asymmetries that can arise in back-to-back electron-jet production, ep → e + jet + X, as well as the associated jet fragmentation process, ep → e+jet(h)+X, in electron-proton collisions. We derive the factorization formalism for these spin asymmetries and perform the corresponding phenomenology for the kinematics relevant to the future electron ion collider. In the case of unpolarized electron-proton scattering, we also give predictions for azimuthal asymmetries for the HERA experiment. This demonstrates that electron-jet production is an outstanding process for probing unpolarized and polarized transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions.
Two-loop leading-colour QCD helicity amplitudes for Higgs boson production in association with a bottom-quark pair at the LHC
Authors: Badger Simon , Hartanto Heribertus Bayu , Kryś Jakub , Zoia Simone 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We compute the two-loop QCD helicity amplitudes for the production of a Higgs boson in association with a bottom quark pair at a hadron collider. We take the approximations of leading colour and work in the five flavour scheme, where the bottom quarks are massless while the Yukawa coupling is non-zero. We extract analytic expressions from multiple numerical evaluations over finite fields and present the results in terms of an independent set of special functions that can be reliably evaluated over the full phase space.
The intraoral permeability measurement as a screening for artifact formation by orthodontic products in MRI
Authors: Blankenstein Felix H. , Kielburg Ulrike , Melerowitz Ludwig , Stelmaszczyk Daniel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aim
Metal dental products lack precautionary statements regarding MR compatibility due to an exemption in the labelling obligation. Hence, it is difficult for radiologists to decide whether to remove fixed metal objects in patients prior to MRI. A solution could be the direct determination of the magnetic permeability (µr) as a decisive material-related predictor of artifact formation and other interactions. Thus, the applicability of an industrially used measurement device as a screening instrument and the relevance of the manufacturer’s application restrictions in vitro and in vivo were tested.

Methods
Precision and trueness were tested using self-made test objects with different dimensions and different permeability. To clarify whether the measurement results are affected by the remanence (BR) induced in the objects, 28 brackets of different materials were exposed to a weak and a strong external magnetic field and the magnetic flux density before and after these exposures was compared. The clinical test was performed on a volunteer with an orthodontic appliance experimentally composed of brackets with different levels of magnetic permeability (µr). Validity and intra- and interrater reliability were calculated using two rater groups consisting of four dentists and four medical-technical radiology assistants (MTRA), respectively.

Results
With coefficients of variation below 0.14%, precision was excellent regardless of object surface and size. Trueness was high on objects with µr ≤ 1.002, and decreased with increasing µr, for which size-dependent correction factors were calculated. Intra- and interrater reliability and validity were excellent and independent of professional intraoral manipulation experience.

Conclusions
The permeability measurement allows for a valid and reliable determination of the magnetizability of intraoral metal objects. When used as a screening tool to detect nonartifact-causing objects, no correction factor needs to be calculated. For the first time, it offers radiologists a decision support for the selective removal of only the highly permeable components of the multiband apparatus.
Heterogene neuropsychiatrische Phänotypen bei zwei erwachsenen Patient*innen mit 22q11.2-Deletionssyndrom (DiGeorge-Syndrom): ein Fall für RDoC?
Authors: Praus Peter , Braun Urs , Bleich Melanie , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Hennig Oliver 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDas DiGeorge-Syndrom ist eines der häufigsten Mikrodeletionssyndrome und bedingt ein erhöhtes Risiko für neuropsychiatrische Störungen der Intelligenz, der sozialen Kommunikation und der Exekutivfunktionen sowie psychotische Störungen. Im Falle des vorgestellten männlichen Patienten handelt es sich um die seltene Beschreibung eines Tourette-Syndroms auf der Grundlage eines 22q11.2-Mikrodeletionssyndroms. Die folgenden zwei Fallbeispiele demonstrieren die Vielfalt assoziierter klinischer Präsentationen, selbst auf der Grundlage einer übereinstimmenden und umschriebenen genetischen Aberration. Eine Charakterisierung solcher Patient*innen im Kontext der klinisch-wissenschaftlichen Praxis anhand der Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) ermöglicht eine transdiagnostische Beschreibung der überlappenden wie auch spezifischen neuropsychiatrischen Funktionseinschränkungen. Eine solche dimensionale Charakterisierung erlaubt somit potenziell auch eine genauere Differenzierung pleiotroper Assoziationen zwischen Genotyp und Phänotyp.
Psychotropic drug use among older people with major neurocognitive disorder: a cross-sectional study based on Swedish national registries
Authors: Kindstedt Jonas , Sjölander Maria , Lövheim Hugo , Gustafsson Maria 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aim
Psychotropic medications include many drugs that may be inappropriate for older individuals with cognitive impairment. In Sweden, many people become registered in the Swedish Dementia Registry when they are diagnosed with major neurocognitive disorder (NCD). In this study, we aim to describe psychotropic drug use and associated factors among older Swedish people with major NCD.

Methods
This study included 38,251 people ≥ 65 years from the Swedish registry for cognitive/dementia disorders diagnosed during 2007–2017. Drug use was defined as one or more filled prescription(s) recorded in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register during 1 July to 31 December 2017. Associations between psychotropics and age, sex, diagnosis date, Mini-Mental State Examination score and major NCD subtype were analysed through multiple logistic regression.

Results
We found that 12.0% of the individuals filled at least one prescription for antipsychotics, 22.0% for anxiolytics, 23.0% for sedatives or hypnotics, 43.2% for antidepressants and 56.7% for antidementia drugs. In brief, psychotropic use was associated with female sex, higher age, longer time since diagnosis and specific subtypes of major NCD; the strongest association was found between antipsychotics and Lewy body dementia (odds ratio 2.40, 95% confidence interval 2.04–2.82).

Conclusion
Psychotropic drugs were frequently dispensed among older Swedish people with major NCD. The use of antipsychotics and medications with sedative properties warrants concern, especially among those with Lewy body dementia who are severely sensitive to antipsychotics. A more restrictive prescribing pattern regarding these medications might reduce the risk of drug-related problems in this vulnerable group of people.