bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Tunjangan Sertifikasi dan Komitmen pada Tugas terhadap Prestasi Kerja Guru
Authors: Anggraini Evi , Harapan Edi , Tahrun Tahrun 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji 1) Ada atau tidak pengaruh tunjangan sertifikasi terhadap prestasi kerja guru di SMA Negeri Tanjung Raja, 2) Ada atau tidak pengaruh komitmen pada tugas terhadap prestasi kerja guru Di SMA Negeri Tanjung Raja, 3) Ada atau tidak pengaruh tunjangan sertifikasi dan komitmen pada tugas terhadap Prestasi Kerja Di SMA Negeri Tanjung Raja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan angket, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 16 for windows. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa 1) Terdapat pengaruh tunjangan sertifikasi (X1) terhadap prestasi kerja (Y), 2) Terdapat pengaruh komitmen pada tugas (X2) terhadap prestasi kerja guru (Y), dan 3) Ada pengaruh sertifikasi (X1), dan komitmen pada tugas (X2) terhadap prestasi kerja guru (Y) di SMA Negeri Tanjung Raja. Implikasi dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1) Sertifikasi guru merupakan sebuah program di mana guru akan dimonitoring dan diuji secara berkala dengan menggunakan alat uji yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah. Sertifikasi guru akan menciptakan mampu sumber daya pengajar yang semakin baik. 2) Komitmen pada tugas yang dimiliki oleh setiap guru sangat penting karena dengan suatu komitmen seorang guru dapat menjadi lebih bertanggung jawab terhadap pekerjaannya. Guru yang memiliki suatu komitmen, akan bekerja secara optimal sehingga dapat mencurahkan perhatian, pikiran, tenaga dan waktunya untuk pekerjaannya, sehingga apa yang sudah dikerjakannya sesuai dengan yang diharapkan oleh sekolah. 3) Prestasi kerja guru merupakan kontribusi yang diberikan oleh seorang guru terhadap tugas dan fungsinya di melalui totalitas kemampuan yang dimilikinya untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan nasional.
Kinerja Wakil Kepala Sekolah Menengah Pertama dilihat dari Tugas Pokok dan Fungsinya
Authors: Paudi Sulistia , Haris Ikhfan , Suking Arifin 
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui kinerja wakil kepala sekolah (wakasek) bidang kurikulum, kesiswaan, sarana prasarana, dan hubungan masyarakat (humas) di Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Negeri se-Kecamatan Suwawa Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Kinerja tersebut dilihat dari keterlaksanaan tugas pokok dan fungsi jabatan wakasek. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja: (1) wakasek bidang kurikulum berada pada kategori “baik”, (2) wakasek bidang kesiswaan berada pada kategori “sangat baik”, (3) wakasek bidang sarana dan prasarana berada pada kategori “sangat baik”, dan (4) wakasek bidang humas berada pada kategori “baik”. Hasil penelitian menyarankan kepada kepala sekolah untuk (1) melakukan pemantauan kepada setiap wakasek dalam mengerjakan tugas pokok dan wewenang mereka, (2) mengevaluasi setiap program yang dilaksanakan oleh masing-masing wakasek, (3) meningkatkan keefektifan komunikasi dengan wakasek (4) dan melaksanakan pemotivasian.
Digital Health Training Programs for Medical Students: Scoping Review
Authors: Tudor Car Lorainne , Kyaw Bhone Myint , Nannan Panday Rishi S , van der Kleij Rianne , Chavannes Niels , Majeed Azeem , Car Josip 
Published: July 2021

Background
Medical schools worldwide are accelerating the introduction of digital health courses into their curricula. The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to this swift and widespread transition to digital health and education. However, the need for digital health competencies goes beyond the COVID-19 pandemic because they are becoming essential for the delivery of effective, efficient, and safe care.

Objective
This review aims to collate and analyze studies evaluating digital health education for medical students to inform the development of future courses and identify areas where curricula may need to be strengthened.

Methods
We carried out a scoping review by following the guidance of the Joanna Briggs Institute, and the results were reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. We searched 6 major bibliographic databases and gray literature sources for articles published between January 2000 and November 2019. Two authors independently screened the retrieved citations and extracted the data from the included studies. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus discussions between the authors. The findings were analyzed using thematic analysis and presented narratively.

Results
A total of 34 studies focusing on different digital courses were included in this review. Most of the studies (22/34, 65%) were published between 2010 and 2019 and originated in the United States (20/34, 59%). The reported digital health courses were mostly elective (20/34, 59%), were integrated into the existing curriculum (24/34, 71%), and focused mainly on medical informatics (17/34, 50%). Most of the courses targeted medical students from the first to third year (17/34, 50%), and the duration of the courses ranged from 1 hour to 3 academic years. Most of the studies (22/34, 65%) reported the use of blended education. A few of the studies (6/34, 18%) delivered courses entirely digitally by using online modules, offline learning, massive open online courses, and virtual patient simulations. The reported courses used various assessment approaches such as paper-based assessments, in-person observations, and online assessments. Most of the studies (30/34, 88%) evaluated courses mostly by using an uncontrolled before-and-after design and generally reported improvements in students’ learning outcomes.

Conclusions
Digital health courses reported in literature are mostly elective, focus on a single area of digital health, and lack robust evaluation. They have diverse delivery, development, and assessment approaches. There is an urgent need for high-quality studies that evaluate digital health education.
Review and estimation of disutility for joint health states of severe and nonsevere hypoglycemic events in diabetes
Authors: Xie Xuanqian , Guo Jennifer , Bremner Karen E , Wang Myra , Shah Baiju R , Volodin Andrei 
Published: July 2021

Aim:
Many economic evaluations used linear or log-transformed additive methods to estimate the disutility of hypoglycemic events in diabetes, both nonsevere (NSHEs) and severe (SHEs).
Methods:
We conducted a literature search for studies of disutility for hypoglycemia. We used additive, minimum and multiplicative methods, and the adjusted decrement estimator to estimate the disutilities of joint health states with both NSHEs and SHEs in six scenarios.
Results:
Twenty-four studies reported disutilities for hypoglycemia in diabetes. Based on construct validity, the adjusted decrement estimator method likely provides less biased estimates, predicting that when SHEs occur, the additional impact from NSHEs is marginal.
Conclusion:
Our proposed new method provides a different perspective on the estimation of quality-adjusted life-years in economic evaluations of hypoglycemic treatments.
Agmatine: A potential Neurotherapeutic Agent
Authors: Binjhade Neha , Supare Vinanti , Ghaywat Shailesh , Trivedi Sagar , Wadher Kamlesh , Umekar Milind 
Published: July 2021

Agmatine, a natural polyamine disregarded almost for over 100 years, was discovered in year 1910. Almost after a decade, several researches on Agmatine indicated its modulatory action at multiple molecular targets such as, nitric oxide synthesis, neurotransmitter systems, and polyamine metabolism unbolt the new avenues for extensive therapeutic applications which includes neurotrauma and neurodegenerative diseases, antidepressant, cognitive disorders. Agmatine exerts its varied biological characteristics and therapeutic potential in diverse arena. Agmatine has been extensively researched for its neuroprotective effect in various types of neurological diseases, including stroke and trauma brain injury along with Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Hypoxia /Ischemia. In the present review we have summarized the therapeutic potential of agmatine as protective and regenerative properties in the CNS.
Keywords: Agmatine, Neuroprotective, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, CNS disorders.
Topical Drug Delivery Therapeutics, Drug Absorption and Penetration Enhancement Techniques
Authors: Bani Kamal Singh , Bhardwaj Khushboo 
Published: July 2021

The delivery of medications through the skin has long been a fascinating as well as difficult subject of study. For different medications, topical drug administration has brought substantial benefits over the systemic route, one of the most important of which is reduced toxicity due to minimal or no exposure to non-target organs. Because of its simplicity and affordability, topical administration is the preferred method for delivering medicinal substances locally. Topical drug delivery system includes solid powders, semisolids, liquid preparations, and sprays, among other pharmaceutical dose forms. Gels, creams, and ointments are the most often used semisolid preparations for topical medication delivery. Topical medication delivery methods allow a medicine to enter the systemic circulation at a controlled rate by penetrating the epidermal layer. New drugs are being developed utilizing the transdermal approach in addition to the existing formulations due to the inherent benefits of delivery via this route. Although low skin permeability limits its applicability, it does provide a non-invasive route of medication administration. Innovative research using penetration-enhancing technologies such iontophoresis, electroporation, microneedles, sonophoresis, and others offers promise for successful implementation of these drugs in clinical practice as consumer-friendly, transdermal dosage forms. This paper examines some of the most promising new strategies for enhancing transdermal permeability, as well as providing a scientific update on recent improvements in the topical drug delivery system. The current study focuses on the most modern methods and techniques for administering local treatment to the skin. This data can be used as a foundation for further research and development of existing methodologies and technologies.
Keywords: Topical drug delivery, Recent techniques, TDDS, Advances in skin delivery
A Review on Nanoparticles Drug Delivery System
Authors: Pawar Kranti , Kachave Ramanlal , Kanawade Madhuri , Zagre Vinayak 
Published: July 2021

The method or process of delivering a pharmaceutical ingredient to create a therapeutic effect in people or animals is referred to as drug delivery. Nasal and pulmonary routes of medication administration are becoming increasingly important in the treatment of human illnesses. These methods, especially for peptide and protein therapies, provide potential alternatives to parenteral drug administration. Several medication delivery methods have been developed for this purpose and are being tested for nasal and pulmonary delivery. Chitosan, Alginate, vanilline oxalate, zinc oxalate, cellulose, polymeric micelles, Gliadin, and phospholipid are examples of these. Multidrug resistance, a key issue in chemotherapy, can be reversed with these nanoparticles. Surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation are all well-established treatments used in cancer treatment. A nanoparticle has emerged as a potential method for the targeted delivery of medicines used to treat certain illnesses.
Keywords: Nasal Drug Delivery, Pulmonary Drug Delivery, Nanoparticles
Profile of Bioactive Phyto-compounds in Essential Oil of Cymbopogon martinii from Palani Hills, Western Ghats, INDIA
Authors: Soorya C. , Balamurugan S. , Basha Afroze Naveed , Kandeepan C. , Ramya S. , Jayakumararaj R. 
Published: July 2021

Worldwide interest in use of plants based natural products (PBNPs) has been growing, and its beneficial effects being rediscovered for the development of novel drugs. Literature survey on indigenous traditional knowledge bestows ethnopharmacological potentials of PBNPs that has inspired current research in drug design and discovery; PBNPs provide baseline for the development of novel drug leads against various pharmacological targets. Studies indicate that Cymbopogon martini Essential Oil (CMEO) exhibit wide range of biological activities such as hepatoprotective, antifungal, insecticide, antioxidant and antibacterial. Pharmacological properties in Palmarosa Essential Oil (PEO) may be due to the presence of compounds like 4-Decen-6-yne, (Z), 2-Ethylimino-4-methyl-pent-3-enenitrile, Dihydrocarvyl acetate, 2-Methylbenzaldehyde, Geranyl butyrate, 1,5,9,9-Tetramethyl-1,4,7-cycloundecatriene. However, its application is limited because of the odor, color and taste. In the present study, GCMS based profile of bioactive phyto-compounds in essential oil of Cymbopogon martinii along with its physiochemical, biological, molecular, pharmacological and drugable properties has been envisaged.
Keywords: Cymbopogon martinii Essential Oil (CMEO); Pharmacological Activity; ADMET Properties; Bioactive Compounds; Plant Based Natural Products (PBNPs);
Content Validity of Drug Addiction Recovery Test Instruments Using Content Validity Ratio (CVR) Method
Authors: Norashida S. R., , Norshahira O. , Lukman Z. M. 
Published: July 2021

Recovery is related to control addiction problems among drug addicts based on context environment in Malaysia. This research, to identify several aspects that have relationship with addiction recovery among Malaysian drug addicts specifically. Although there are several measurement instruments that have been developed to assess drug addiction recovery, a good validity instruments are still lacking and limited. In this regard, this study aimed to test content validity of Drug Addiction Recovery Test (DART) instruments specifically among 123 treated addicts in Besut Cure and Care Rehabilitation Centre (CCRC) using the content validation Ratio (CVR) method to ensure that measurement instruments are appropriate for use in local contexts and cultures. Eight experts selected according to experience they are in a particular field of research. The experts made up of UniSZA, UMT and UPSI. The instrument validation process involved 80 items from four components. The previous study found that the instrument had good validity with the minimum level of CVR value (N=8, CVR = 0.75). A total of 68 items were identified to be retained while the other 12 items had values below 0.75 rated refund and purified. This study found that the instrument is appropriate and relevant and has the potential to be a good instrument for measuring addiction recovery among drug addicts. It is proposed that pilot studies be conducted, and the data should be analysed using more in-depth statistical analysis such as factor analysis to obtain more detailed information about the items.
Keywords: Content validity, Addiction recovery, Drug addict, Expert
Knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to smoking among Burkinabé people residents of Dakar (Senegal) on World No Tobacco Day 2020
Authors: TRAORE Pêngd-Wendé Habib Boussé , TINE Jean Augustin Diegane , SAWADOGO Hamadou , KABORE Carmen Fally Wendyam , OUEDRAOGO Arvis Abraham , OUARE Dono Khadidiatou , OUEDRAOGO Nongamanegre Ulrich Cédric , OUEDRAOGO Pengdwendé Hassan Elie , GOUBA Boris Angelbert , SANDOUIDI Gaëlle , SANA Hassan , FAYE Adama 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The study focused on knowledge attitudes and practices vis-à-vis smoking. It was carried out by the 2020 executive office of the Collective of Burkinabé Students in Health in Senegal on World No Tobacco Day 2020. The objective was initially to assess attitudes and practices in relation to smoking smoked by industrial cigarettes and shisha then knowledge of the anti-smoking law and the possibilities of weaning that exist in Senegal and finally to know the best attitude to fight against smoking.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study for analytical purposes. The sampling technique was voluntary and data collection was self-administered and took place from Monday May 25th to Saturday May 30th, 2020 via electronic questionnaires.
The self-administered data collection technique reduced prevarication and social desirability bias. However, the lack of preliminary calculation of a sample size makes inferences in the general population difficult. The sampling technique that was voluntary exposes itself to self-selection biases. Nevertheless, the study does suggest some very important aspects of smoking among young people.
Results: This study shows that shisha is increasingly becoming the gateway to smoking among young people. It reveals that the health warnings on industrial cigarette packages are less and less dissuasive. It also shows that our study population believes that the two priority actions to be carried out to fight effectively against smoking in Senegal are on the one hand "to improve the offer of help for smoking cessation" and on the other hand " rigorously apply the punitive aspects of the anti-smoking law”.
Conclusion: Smoking is a global epidemic that increasingly affects young people. Tobacco control is multidimensional and requires perfect synchronization of the different actors and continuous assessment of the effectiveness of control and prevention methods.
Keywords: Cigarette, Shisha, Youth, Anti-tobacco control, Senegal
When You Talk, I Remain Silent: Spillover Effects of Peers' Mandatory Disclosures on Firms' Voluntary Disclosures
Authors: Breuer Matthias , Hombach Katharina , Müller Maximilian A. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We predict and find that regulated firms' mandatory disclosures crowd out unregulated firms' voluntary disclosures. Consistent with information spillovers from regulated to unregulated firms, we document that unregulated firms reduce their own disclosures in the presence of regulated firms' disclosures. We further find that unregulated firms reduce their disclosures more the greater the strength of the regulatory information spillovers. Our findings suggest that a substitutive relationship between regulated and unregulated firms' disclosures attenuates the effect of disclosure regulation on the market-wide information environment.
JEL Classifications: D82; G38; K22; M41.
Natural hazards of Izvorul Crișului.
Authors: ROŞIAN GHEORGHE , HORVATH CSABA , MUNTEAN LIVIU 
Published: July 2021

"	The presence of the Izvorul Crisului local territorial administrative unit (commune), in the western part of the Transylvanian Depression, not far from its border with the Apuseni Mountains, implies the existence of various natural hazardous processes. Their manifestation, in the presence of anthropic components and their activities and goods, determines their hazard attributes. Of the possible natural hazards (geological, geomorphological, atmospheric, hydrological, biological, etc.), only the geomorphological, hydrological, and meteorological ones will be addressed in this paper. The presence of these natural processes may cause material damage and victims, for this it is necessary to know their magnitude. Thus, the present study aims to identify the potential hazards which exist in the Izvorul Crisului administrative unit and to assess the susceptibility to these natural processes. To achieve this objective, specific maps will be made, which finally, beside the supporting role for the analysis of natural processes, will become tools for the management of these conditions, tools to reduce the induced risks."
Tecnologias digitais e educação escolar em tempos de pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Santos Adriana Cavalcanti dos , Santos Nádson Araújo dos , Santos Wilton Petrus dos 
Published: July 2021

Este artigo analisou percepções de professores/as que ensinam Língua Portuguesa na educação básica no Estado de Alagoas, Brasil no contexto pandêmico da Covid-19. O corpus de análise se compõe das respostas a um questionário on-line que tinha por foco coletar dos/as participantes reflexões sobre suas aulas durante o ensino remoto emergencial. Os dados foram tratados a partir da análise textual discursiva, da qual emergiram as categorias de análise: desafios à prática docente; designs de aula; letramento digital no ensino remoto emergencial. O diálogo com as percepções dos professores demonstrou que eles estão ressignificando a sua prática docente ao experienciar os usos das tecnologias digitais nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem da Língua Portuguesa em um novo tempo e espaço.

Submetido: 09.02.2021
Aceite: 04.05.2021
Professores em tempos de ensino remoto de emergência
Authors: Torres Ana Cristina , Teixeira Ana Isabel , Pais Sofia Castanheira , Menezes Isabel , Ferreira Pedro Daniel 
Published: July 2021

O fecho de escolas durante a primeira onda de pandemia de COVID-19 desafiou os/as professores/as a reorganizarem rapidamente as suas atividades educativas. Essa mudança exigiu uma maior integração das tecnologias no ensino e levou a transformações repentinas nas relações sociais e pedagógicas. Se o acentuar de desigualdades pré-existentes entre os alunos se tornou imediatamente evidente, ficou menos claro como as desigualdades entre os/as professores/as afetaram a sua transição para o ensino remoto de emergência. Este artigo apresenta e discute as perceções e experiências de professores/as portugueses/as sobre os efeitos desta transição no seu ensino e nas relações com outros/as professores/as, alunos/as e suas famílias, a partir dos dados de um inquérito online respondido por 675 professores/as entre 11 e 31 de maio de 2020. Os/as professores/as perceberam efeitos positivos da transição para um ensino remoto de emergência na qualidade de seu ensino e nas suas relações com alunos, famílias e colegas, com algumas diferenças atribuíveis às características territoriais (rural / urbano). As oportunidades de formação e apoio que os professores tiveram durante o período da transição surgem como cruciais para compreender as perceções de mudanças positivas.

Submetido: 15.02.2021
Aceite: 10.05.2021
Educação, tecnologias digitais e implicações da COVID-19 no sistema educacional brasileiro
Authors: Cipriani Flávia Marcele , Moreira Antonio Flavio Barbosa 
Published: July 2021

A pandemia da Covid-19 causou consideráveis transtornos à sociedade do mundo globalizado. A educação, como um dos sistemas sociais, sofreu importantes impactos que merecem atenção. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os principais dilemas vivenciados pelos/as professores/as da educação básica brasileira durante o período da suspensão das aulas presenciais e da adoção intensificada das tecnologias digitais no ensino remoto. A abordagem qualitativa e de caráter exploratório adotada estimou a estatística descritiva e a análise de conteúdo dos dados emergentes das respostas ao questionário preenchido pelos/as 209 professores/as que lecionam da educação infantil ao ensino médio na cidade de Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil. Os resultados apontaram que, apesar das inúmeras dificuldades e de não substituírem as relações presenciais, os/as profissionais reconheceram a validade da educação remota e das tecnologias digitais da comunicação e informação nas práticas educacionais, nesse conturbado período. A preocupação com as desigualdades de condições de acesso à educação, agravadas com a medida emergencial, principalmente pelos/as alunos/ as das escolas da rede pública, foi destacada, o que corrobora a situação de que a universalização da educação, como direito de todos/as, ainda não se consagra no Brasil.

Submetido: 01.02.2021
Aceite: 04.05.2021