bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods of training of the future teachers of computer science to multimedia and network technologies
Authors:   Ganja State University. Ganja, Azerbaijan, Qafarov Anar A. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction. In article methods of training of the future teachers of computer science to network technologies are considered, the basic accent becomes on working out of essentially new technique in which basis the modular principle lays. Materials and methods. The differentiated approach allows to find and reveal weak links in structure of knowledge of the trainee and by means of deeper and detailed consideration of these links to eliminate similar lacks. Thus, by means of repeated mastering of the passed material and the subsequent testing of knowledge, skills of the trainee qualitatively new result is reached and professionalism in the course of preparation of the future teachers of computer science is provided. Results. Local and global networks play a huge role, both in a daily life, and in an ed-ucation system as every day the question of remote formation and electronic services gets exclusive importance. Scientific novelty of article consists that on the first place on the importance the problem of working out of an effective technique of use of net-works for the organization of teaching and educational work and training to this tech-nique of the future teachers of computer science is taken out. Discussion and Conclusions •	It is necessary to use multimedia and network technologies in the course of preparation of the future teachers of computer science •	Comprehensively and purposefully to use modern interactive tutorials with application of the differential-modular approach •	It is required to develop the special technique providing use of new multimedia and network technologies and interactive tutorials.
RhD-induced immunogenetic disparity between mother and fetus: medical importance and economic effect of using molecular genetic technology
Authors: Konopliannikov A. G. , Toropovskii A. N. , Viktorov D. A. , Myakisheva Yu. V. , Burganova R. F. , Solovyev A. V. , Kazakova A. V. , Marinovskaya V. B. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Here we discuss the problem of timely diagnostics and prevention of Rh-immunization of pregnant women as well as fetal hemolytic disease, which remains currently relevant, despite the existence of proven diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive methods.Aim: to assess the medico-economic efficiency of non-invasive prenatal diagnostics of using fetal Rh factor (rhesus D antigen, RhD) in maternal blood – a fetal RhD-genotyping.Materials and Methods. A retrospective observational study was conducted to analyze determining fetal Rh-factor in the blood samples from 4109 Rh-negative pregnant women observed in the 41 medical facilities of the Ulyanovsk region in the years 2018–2020. The fetal RhD level was determined by polymerase chain reaction at gestational age of ≥ 10 weeks. To assess testrelated medical effectiveness, there were examined sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of positive and negative data as well as diagnostic accuracy. The data collected during the study were compared with those obtained after delivery. To assess the economic efficiency, the difference between the cost of immunization and the cost of determining the fetal Rh factor level was determined.Results. A positive and negative fetal Rh-factor was detected in 67.26 % (n = 2793) and 32.74 % (n = 1316) cases, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of the test system "Test-RhD" was 99.40 %, sensitivity – 99.84 %, specificity – 97.51 %, the prognostic value of a positive result was 99.43 %, the predictive value of a negative result – 99.28 % with low rate of false positive and false negative data. It was shown that our study allows to avoid unnecessary immunization costs for all Rh-negative pregnant women.Conclusion. Analysis of the diagnostic characteristics and cost-effectiveness of the RhD test evidences about high medical significance of the method described and allows to recommend its wider application.
Routine Activity Theory and Farm Equipment Theft: A Macro-Level Approach
Authors: Osborne Dustin L. , Swartz Kristin 
Published: September 2021

Though a handful of studies have explored the relationship between farm characteristics and theft of farm equipment, all have been focused at the micro level. Put differently, they have sought to determine whether a relationship exists between likelihood of theft victimization and the characteristics (e.g., size, location) of individual farming operations. The current study builds upon this work by seeking to determine whether county-level factors (in line with the routine activity theory framework) serve to influence the incidence of farm equipment theft within counties. Data are derived from the National Incident-Based Reporting System, the Census of Agriculture and the United States Census of the Population. Results are on the whole supportive of the theory's application to the problem and suggest that macro-level investigations constitute a worthwhile approach to better understanding agricultural victimization.
Comparison of recovery profile between sevoflurane and isoflurane as volatile agents in neurosurgery in Indian population
Authors: Singh Satyen Kumar , Kumar Munish , Bhardwaj Ajit , Chawla Vikas , Grewal Ritu , Singh Shivinder 
Published: September 2021

Background: In most instances rapid emergence from general anesthesia after intracranial neurosurgery is desirable. The most compelling reason for this is the need for the patient to cooperate with a postoperative neurological examination intended to screen for such potential intracranial disaster as hematoma formation, herniation, and cerebrovascular accidents. Anesthetic techniques were adopted to achieve rapid emergence. In this respect, inhaled anesthetic agents have an important role in influencing the recovery time after anesthesia and surgery. The aim of this study is to compare isoflurane and sevoflurane as regard to speed of recovery from anesthesia and recovery of post-operative cognitive function in Indian populationMethods: The study was carried out as randomized control, blinded study of patients undergoing neurosurgery in tertiary care hospital. Sample sizes of 60 patients were studied. They were divided into two groups. Results: Sevoflurane shows faster emergence, extubation, motor control (in form of hand squeeze) and orientation time as compared to isoflurane. Though clinically the time difference for the various variables studied was 0.8 to 2.7 min only, statistically the results were significant and supported the basis for this difference as the difference in blood gas solubility coefficient between sevoflurane and isofluraneConclusions: Sevoflurane is recommended for use for faster extubation, emergence and post-operative neurological examination. The observation shows good brain relaxation with the use of both volatile anesthetic agents
Trends and practices in the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) amongst ophthalmologists across India: Findings of a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Bhavsar Maulik , Maksane Nitin , Shah Utkarsh , Madhavan Anand , Dhar Priyanka , Thaker Manan 
Published: September 2021

To understand the clinical practice pattern of general ophthalmologists in the management of retinal diseases. Also, aimed to explore the ophthalmologist’s perspective towards patient compliance and unmet need in the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).A total of 108 ophthalmologists participated in this cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. A paper-based questionnaire with a tool of twelve questions, with response options ranging on a five-point Likert scale of ‘strongly agree’ to ‘strongly disagree’ was provided to participants.Out of 108, 95.4% ophthalmologists confirmed that they were commonly consulted for nAMD amongst the different retinal disorders (RDs). The majority of respondents (87%) confirmed that 60% or fewer patients continue the treatment for a year. About 81.5% of ophthalmologists stated that fluid (Intra-retinal fluid, Sub-retinal fluid) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) was an extremely important parameter for disease activity. The survey revealed that injection frequency was the factor for non-compliance in majority of (&#62;50%) patients. More than 64% of respondents opined that improved efficacy (70.4%), reduced treatment burden (64.8%), and longer acting agents/sustained delivery (64.8%) are the most critical unmet needs for nAMD patients.Based on the findings, it can be concluded that, in addition to functional outcomes i.e. visual acuity, ophthalmologists also considered retinal fluid and central retinal thickness as important parameters for treatment-related decisions. Ophthalmologists suggested that there is a need to develop longer-acting agents with improved efficacy which may help in reducing treatment burden in nAMD management.Longer acting anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VGEF) agents with improved efficacy may help in reducing the treatment burden in nAMD management.
Study of myocillin gene variants alleles in primary open angle glaucoma patients and their first degree relatives in North West Rajasthan, India
Authors: Kochar Anju , Jain Jainendra , Poonia Raunaq 
Published: September 2021

Glaucoma is defined as progressive optic neuropathy leading to irreversible blindness if not treated on time. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is most common form of glaucoma. Mutations in myocilin gene (MYOC) account for 2–4% of POAG cases. To identify and evaluate MYOC variants alleles among patients with POAG and their healthy first degree relatives. 66 POAG patients and 26 healthy first degree relatives recruited for study. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination followed by genomic DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) isolation from peripheral blood and quantification of DNA on spectrophotometer. All samples were amplified with each primer by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique and amplified DNA and primer sequence checked again by electrophoresis for confirmation of specified MYOC gene mutation. We identified a known MYOC missense mutation, Pro370leu in 16 POAG cases and found consistent genotypic but not phenotypic correlation in 4 of their first degree relatives. Out of 16 cases, pathogenic MYOC gene variant was found in 12 adult onset POAG, 3 juvenile onset POAG, and 1 case of OHT. This study is first of its kind in North India. Our study showed frequency of MYOC gene mutation in POAG cases was 24.24% which is much higher than found elsewhere in India and other countries (2-5%). Frequency of transmission of pathogenic MYOC gene variant in first degree relatives was 25%. The future outcome of our study is promising since early diagnosis and management of high risk family members is possible.
Non-invasive ventilation in acute exacerbation of COPD with mild to moderate type 2 respiratory failure
Authors: Chakraborty Suprova , Choudhary Jaykumari , Patel Ganesh 
Published: September 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a syndrome of progressive airflow limitation caused by abnormal inflammatory reaction of airway and lung parenchyma. Risk factor for development of COPD is a complex interaction of genetic factors and many environmental exposures, with the cigarette smoking being the most common etiological agent.It is a prospective observational comparative study conducted among patient with mild to moderate type 2 respiratory failure, secondary to acute exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease admitted in chest ward department of Respiratory medicine, Late Shri Lakhi Ram Agrawal Memorial Medical College, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh, India for a period of one year from April 2020- April 2021.A total 60 patients were studied. Out of which, 30 patients in study group for whom non-invasive ventilation support along with conventional treatment was given and remaining 30 patients in comparison group, same treatment was given without non-invasive ventilation support. Both groups had similar demographic, clinical, biochemical profile at the time of admission. Distribution of comorbidities, smoking history were similar as shown below in tables. After application of Non-invasive ventilation along with conventional treatment in study group, the result showed that mean hours of NIV use in study group was 27 hours and mean hours of Oxygen use in comparison group was 98 hours.Use of non-invasive ventilation in acute exacerbation of COPD, with mild to moderate type 2 respiratory failure, reduced tachypnoea, tachycardia, after 4 hours. There were improvement in oxygen saturation after 4 hours, improvement in PH also occurred after 4 hours by 0.04. Non-invasive ventilation gives rest to fatigued inspiratory muscle so work of breathing is reduced. It also restores functional and biochemical changes associated with fatigued muscle so all complication were reduced with use of non- invasive ventilation.
Towards capturing a database of respiratory exhalations from flow visualisations
Authors: Bahl Prateek , De Silva Charitha , MacIntyre C Raina , Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , Doolan Con 
Published: September 2021

One of the most common modes of infection transmission is through pathogen laden droplets expelled during natural human respiratory exhalations such as speaking, coughing, and sneezing. Infection control guidelines for the prevention of respiratory infection make assumptions about two key parameters: the safe distance between an infected and healthy individual and the size of large and small droplets (Bahl et al., 2020). Studies in the past have utilised flow visualisation techniques to understand the dynamics of respiratory flows but most of them provide only qualitative data on respiratory droplets and do not provide sufficient detail to estimate accurate flow velocities (Bourouiba et al., 2014; Vansciver et al., 2011; Scharfman et al., 2016). One of the reasons this remains a demanding application is the vast range of droplet sizes that are expelled at various velocities. Here, we present an experimental framework using particle tracking to understand the flow dynamics of the expelled droplets. Three different illumination techniques were used to capture high-speed frames of different exhalations (see figure 1). The high density of droplets in case of sneezing lead to overlap of droplet trajectories with volume illumination approach, which was resolved using tailored optics to illuminate only a slice of sneeze flow. Thereafter, the image processing techniques required for precise PTV were refined to examine droplet dynamics of various exhalations (see figure 2). The techniques were applied to multiple cases of respiratory exhalations to understand subject to subject variability.
The results for sneezing revealed a mean droplet velocity of 2 m/s to 5.4 m/s across different subjects. Additionally, less than 1% of droplets were expelled at velocities greater than 10 m/s and almost 80% of were expelled at velocities less than 5 m/s. These values were substantially lower than the values usually assumed in studies modelling or replicating sneezes (Xie et al., 2007; Atkinson and Wein, 2008). The results also revealed a high variation in the droplet dynamics, even among the sneezes from the same subject. Flow direction, spread angle, and head movement were also quantified, and the results reveal substantial variation between the subjects. In the case of coughing, maximum droplet velocities observed were in the range of 10−15 m/s however, these high velocities were detected only during the initial 0.05 s.
This work addresses the critical gaps in the understanding of the respiratory transmission of infection by providing valuable data on the droplet dynamics of various exhalations, on which the experimental data was very limited in the existing literature. Furthermore, this data will aid in numerical modelling of respiratory flows, particularly for sneezes, as studies to date rely only on airflow data of the exhalations.
SZÜKSÉGES…DE ELÉGSÉGES? A TÁRSADALMI INTEGRÁCIÓ MÉRÉSÉRŐL AZ EURÓPAI UNIÓBAN
Authors: Gégény János 
Published: September 2021

A tanulmány hivatalos Eurostat adatokat közöl a migrációs válság néven elhíresült eseménysorozatról illetve az Európai Unión kívülről az Európai Unióba érkező bevándorlók társadalmi integrációjának mérésére használt módszereket vizsgálja. Amellett érvelek, hogy a jelenleg használt ún. Zaragoza indikátorok nem képesek a harmadik országbeli bevándorlók társadalmi integrációs folyamatának minden aspektusát lefedni, így képtelenek megfelelően átfogó képet biztosítani a szakemberek és a döntéshozók számára. Ennek alátámasztására egy kísérletben hat országra vonatkozóan (Egyesült Királyság, Németország, Hollandia, Franciaország, Belgium, Svájc ) ötvözöm a Zaragoza indikátorok valamint az EurIslam kutatás eredményeit. Az EurIslam egy európai muszlimok és többségi társadalmak viszonyait vizsgáló kutatás, melynek megfontolásai lehetőséget kínálnak a társadalmi integráció mérésére használt indikátorok kibővítésére.
FOGLALKOZTATÁSI ESÉLYEGYENLŐSÉGET TÁMOGATÓ HR-ESZKÖZÖK
Authors: Balázs-Földi Emese 
Published: September 2021

A magyarországi statisztikai felmérések, illetve korábbi kutatások rámutatnak a fogyatékos és a megváltozott munkaképességű személyek munkaerő-piaci hátrányaira, amely miatt foglalkoztatottságuk elmarad az átlag populáció foglalkoztatottságától. E hátrányok hátterében részben a társadalomban és a munkáltatók körében tapasztalható előítéleteken nyugvó negatív attitűdök állnak. Ugyanakkor a fogyatékos és megváltozott munkaképességű személyek munkahelyi beillesztése, illetve tartós foglalkoztatása során nem csak a munkáltatók, hanem a munkavállalók befogadó attitűdje is lényeges momentum. A hátrányos helyzetű munkaerő-piaci csoportok gazdasági aktivitását elősegíthetik foglalkoztatáspolitikai eszközök, de elhelyezkedésükhöz, beilleszkedésükhöz, munkavégzésükhöz munkáltatóiktól további segítséget igényelhetnek. A nyílt munkaerő-piaci foglalkoztatóktól várt és kapott segítség, illetve annak mértéke nem mindig találkozik egymással. E témakör vizsgálatára még nem irányult empirikus kutatás. Vizsgálatom célja, hogy Hajdú-Bihar megye három járásának szociális intézményeiben dolgozók, illetve a járásokban élők a fogyatékos és megváltozott munkaképességű személyekkel kapcsolatos attitűdjét, szemléletét, ismereteit feltárjam. A kutatás módszere kérdőíves felmérés, amely összesen 747 fő (408 fő szociális intézményi munkavállaló és 339 fő lakos) bevonásával készült. Jelen tanulmány a kutatás azon felderítő jellegű eredményeinek bemutatására fókuszál, amelyek a vizsgálati csoportok a megváltozott munkaképességű személyek foglalkoztatását elősegítő HR-eszközök alkalmazásával kapcsolatos tájékozottságát, ismereteit tárják fel. A tanulmány a következő változók mentén értékeli az eredményeket: beosztás, a megváltozott munkaképességről előzetesen szerzett ismeretek és a megváltozott munkaképességű személyekkel kapcsolatos munkatapasztalatok. A kutatás eredményei szerint a megváltozott munkaképességű személyek számára a szervezetek leginkább a személyre szabott munkakört, a kedvezményes munkaidőt, valamint az akadálymentesített munkahelyi környezetet biztosítják, mely azonban nem biztos, hogy elégséges eszköz a célcsoport tartós foglalkoztatásához, mivel mobilitási nehézségeik miatt a munkahelyre való eljutás támogatása is kiemelt igényként jelentkezik körükben.
MAGYAR ÉS HATÁRON TÚLI BENTLAKÁSOS LABDARÚGÓ AKADÉMIA SAJÁTOSSÁGAI AZ EDZŐ SZEREPE ÉS JELLEMZŐI TEKINTETÉBEN
Authors: Kiss Zoltán , Csáki István , Bognár József 
Published: September 2021

A labdarúgás határainkon kívül és belül egyaránt népszerűségnek örvend, annak a ténynek ellenére, hogy a jelenlegi magyar labdarúgás csak néhány olyan játékossal büszkélkedhet, akik nemzetközileg is jegyzett csapatokban szerepelnek. A tehetséggondozási folyamatban komoly felelősség hárul az utánpótlásedzőkre, hiszen nemcsak sportszakmailag kell kiemelkedőnek lenniük, hanem a fiatal játékosok életmódjára, hozzáállására és sporton kívüli tevékenységformáira is pozitív hatással kell lenniük. Mindezek alapján vizsgálatunk célja az, hogy bemutassuk az edzői szerepek tekintetében fellelhető különbségeket és hasonlóságokat a magyar és határon túli akadémia labdarúgói között, valamint az akadémiai korosztályok között. A vizsgálatot Magyarország nyolc kiemelt akadémiájának egyikében, valamint egy határon túli akadémián végeztük el. A kutatás folyamán utánpótláskorú labdarúgókat (n=146) szólítottunk meg, akik négy különböző korosztályt képviseltek. A vizsgálat során kérdőíves módszert alkalmaztunk. A kikérdezés arra irányult, hogy milyen véleményt és tapasztalatot fogalmaznak meg a játékosok az edzői szereppel kapcsolatban. A vizsgálat eredményei alapján elmondható, hogy a hazai és a határon túli akadémián nevelkedő fiatal játékosok és korosztályok is eltérően ítélik meg edzőjük tevékenységét és az életükben betöltött szerepét. Az akadémiákat és a korosztályokat összehasonlítva lényeges különbségek fedezhetőek fel. A határon túli labdarúgók rendre magasabban értékelték az edzői szerepeket és az edzők fő jellemzőit, emellett egységesebb képet mutattak a korosztályok között. A hazai labdarúgók korban minél közelebb kerülnek a játékosok a profi szerződésekhez, annál inkább a továbblépéshez kapcsolódó tényezőket, míg a fiatalabbak főleg a pedagógiai részt emelték ki. Fontos lenne ezeknek megfelelő edzői tevékenység annak érdekében, hogy a pedagógiai tevékenység lényeges befolyásoló tényezőként jelenjen meg az utánpótlásnevelés folyamatában.