bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual variation and vulnerability to angling: No apparent behavioral differences among fish captured using different fishing gears
Authors: Pollack Lea , Wiltsee Laura , Beittel Alice , Ganzorig Batsaikhan , Jensen Olaf P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is well known that fishing is size‐selective, but harvest may also inadvertently target certain behavioral types or personalities. Changes in the abundance of behavioral types within a population have implications for fisheries management, including affecting catch rates, individual growth, and food web dynamics. Using streamside behavioral assays, we quantified the repeatability of behaviors in a population of Baikal grayling (Thymallus baicalensis) in northern Mongolia, a popular sport fish and important local predator. We assessed whether different angling techniques (i.e., fly or spinning gear) collected different behavioral types and whether variation in behavior was associated with body condition or diet (i.e., using stable isotope analysis). Surprisingly, we found no evidence for consistent individual differences in several behaviors within this population. Furthermore, differences in mean behaviors were not predicted by angling gear, body condition, or carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures. We suggest that since this is a fished population, the range of behavioral variability in the population may have been reduced through previous behaviorally selective harvest. This might explain both the lack of difference in mean behaviors between fish caught by both gear types and the lack of evidence for consistent individual differences in behavior within the sampled population.
Recovery of horses from general anaesthesia: A systematic review (2000–2020) of the influence of anaesthetic protocol on recovery quality
Authors: Loomes Kate , Louro Luís Filipe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe recovery phase after equine general anaesthesia (GA) is a time of considerable risk and therefore has been the subject of extensive research over the last 20 years. Various pharmacological interventions have been developed and studied with the objective of improving recovery quality and reducing anaesthetic‐related mortality and morbidity. Nevertheless, some controversy remains regarding the influence of anaesthetic protocol choice on recovery quality from GA and its implications for recovery‐related mortality and morbidity. A systematic review of the literature investigating the influence of anaesthetic protocol choice on recovery quality is currently lacking.ObjectivesTo perform a detailed evaluation of the equine veterinary literature investigating the effect of anaesthetic protocol choice on equine recovery quality utilising the GRADE framework.Study designA systematic evaluation of the equine veterinary literature was performed using the GRADE framework.MethodsA literature search was performed and studies were assessed for eligibility by both authors utilising PRISMA guidelines. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were evaluated by both authors, categorically summarised and the quality of evidence for each sub‐topic was assessed using the GRADE framework.ResultsA total of 124 studies were identified which directly assessed the impact of anaesthetic protocol choice on recovery quality after GA in horses. Evaluation of the available evidence indicated that certain partial intravenous anaesthesia (PIVA) agents, cessation of intravenous lidocaine 30 minutes prior to recovery and provision of adequate analgesia improves recovery quality.Main limitationsThe validity of the results of some studies may have been compromised by missing data and small sample sizes.ConclusionsThere is evidence to indicate that certain PIVA agents, cessation of intravenous lidocaine 30 minutes prior to recovery and provision of adequate analgesia improves recovery quality.
Important role of mechanical microenvironment on macrophage dysfunction during keloid pathogenesis
Authors: Zhou Boya , Gao Zhen , Liu Wei , Wu Xiaoli , Wang Wenbo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKeloid is considered as a tumor‐like skin disease with multiple aetiologies including immunological factors and mechanical microenvironment. Macrophages are plastic and diverse immune cells that play a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by removing dead cells, debris, pathogens and repairing tissues after inflammation. The imbalance of M1/M2 macrophages and disturbances in macrophage functions can steer the progression of chronic inflammation and lead to the development of pathological fibrosis in keloid disease. Recently, it has been shown that macrophages are sensitive to mechanical signals, especially stretching tension and tissue stiffness, which can determine macrophage polarization and functions. Higher stretching tension is known to be an important pathogenic factor of keloid, and the formation of keloid will lead to an increase in tissue stiffness. As little is known about the underlying reasons of macrophages dysfunction in keloid, an understanding of how the mechanical microenvironment interacting with macrophages and affecting their behaviours may help provide mechanism insights into keloid pathogenesis. We thus hypothesize that the synergistic effect of stretching tension and matrix stiffness may contribute to the major pathophysiological niche attributes of macrophages’ in vivo mechanical microenvironment in keloids. These mechanism insights of how macrophages sense and respond to their mechanical microenvironment would propel the development of novel strategies for keloid treatment.
Ephemeral forest regeneration limits carbon sequestration potential in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Piffer Pedro R. , Calaboni Adriane , Rosa Marcos R. , Schwartz Naomi B. , Tambosi Leandro R. , Uriarte María 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough deforestation remains widespread in the tropics, many places are now experiencing significant forest recovery (i.e., forest transition), offering an optimistic outlook for natural ecosystem recovery and carbon sequestration. Naturally regenerated forests, however, may not persist, so a more nuanced understanding of the drivers of forest change in the tropics is critical to ensure the success of reforestation efforts and carbon sequestration targets. Here we use 35 years of detailed land cover data to investigate forest trajectories in 3014 municipalities in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (AF), a biodiversity and conservation hotspot. Although deforestation was evident in some regions, deforestation reversals, the typical forest transition trajectory, were the prevalent trend in the AF, accounting for 38% of municipalities. However, simultaneous reforestation reversals in the region (13% of municipalities) suggest that these short‐term increases in native forest cover do not necessarily translate into persistent trends. In the absence of reversals in reforestation, forests in the region could have sequestered 1.75 Pg C, over three times the actual estimated carbon sequestration (0.52 Pg C). We also showed that failure to distinguish native and planted forests would have masked native forest cover loss in the region and overestimated reforestation by 3.2 Mha and carbon sequestration from natural forest regeneration by 0.37 Pg C. Deforestation reversals were prevalent in urbanized municipalities with limited forest cover and high agricultural productivity, highlighting the importance of favorable socioeconomic conditions in promoting reforestation. Successful forest restoration efforts will require development and enforcement of environmental policies that promote forest regeneration and ensure the permanence of regrowing forests. This is crucial not only for the fate and conservation of the AF, but also for other tropical nations to achieve their restoration and carbon sequestration commitments.
Surface prostatic metaplasia, transitional cell metaplasia and superficial clusters of small basophilic cells in the uterine cervix: prevalence in gender‐affirming hysterectomies and comparison with benign hysterectomies from cisgender women
Authors: McMullen‐Tabry Emily R , Sciallis Andrew P , Skala Stephanie L 
Published: October 2021

AimsAs gender‐affirming surgery is becoming more common, it is important for pathologists to recognize potential benign findings to avoid misinterpretation. Cervical transitional cell metaplasia and superficial clusters of small basophilic cells have been described in the context of gender‐affirming testosterone therapy; these findings may be misdiagnosed as high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or endometrial cells on Pap smears. Prostatic metaplasia has been reported in the surface squamous epithelium of the vagina and the uterine cervix in individuals undergoing gender‐affirming androgen therapy; this finding is often associated with NKX3.1‐positive basal keratinocytes. The aim of this study was to assess the morphological and immunohistochemical features of the uterine cervix in gender‐affirming hysterectomies in comparison with benign hysterectomies from cisgender women.Methods and resultsWe assessed the morphological and immunohistochemical features of the uterine cervix in 49 gender‐affirming hysterectomies as compared with 57 hysterectomies from cisgender patients to establish the relative prevalences of surface prostatic metaplasia, NKX3.1‐positive basal keratinocytes, transitional cell metaplasia, and small basophilic cells in the cervical squamous epithelium. The cervical tissue from the gender‐affirming therapy cohort showed significantly higher prevalences of NKX3.1‐positive basal keratinocytes (86% versus 1.8%), transitional cell metaplasia (80% versus 3.5%), superficial clusters of small basophilic cells (67% versus 7%), and surface prostatic metaplasia (43% versus 3.5%).ConclusionNKX3.1‐positive basal keratinocytes, transitional cell metaplasia, small basophilic cells and surface prostatic metaplasia are all more prevalent in the cervices of individuals receiving gender‐affirming testosterone therapy; awareness of this fact allows pathologists to avoid the overdiagnosis of dysplasia or the recommendation of unnecessary follow‐up procedures.
Continuous tension reduction technique in facial scar management: A comparison of W‐plasty and straight‐line closure on aesthetic effects in Asian patients
Authors: Wang Danying , Ding Jinping , Jiang Yongkang , Liu Yuanbo , Chen Bo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractW‐plasty is a very popular scar excisional revision technique. The core of the technique is to break up the scar margins into small triangular components, so as to cause light scattering and make the scar less noticeable. However, due to skin tension, facial incision scars tend to spread. Applying W‐plasty alone cannot achieve the ideal repair effect of facial scars. In this study, we proposed a scar revision technique combined W‐plasty with continuous tension‐reduction (CTR) technique to improve the appearance of facial scars. Sixty patients with facial scar were comprised in this retrospective study. Scars were assessed independently using the scar scale before and at 12‐month follow‐up. Clinical results showed a significant difference in scar appearance between different groups at 12‐month follow‐up. Vancouver scar scale (VSS), visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and patient satisfaction were significant better in W‐plasty and CTR than other groups at 12‐month follow‐up. No severe complications were reported. The application of the tension offloading device provides an environment where the tension is continuously reduced, which could greatly decrease tension on the surgical incision. Combined with W‐plasty, this technique could significantly improve the scar's aesthetic appearance.
Advanced practice role delineation within Finland: A comparative descriptive study
Authors: Jokiniemi Krista , Heikkilä Asta , Meriläinen Merja , Junttila Kristiina , Peltokoski Jaana , Tervo‐Heikkinen Tarja , Mattila Elina , Mikkonen Santtu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo identify and differentiate the practice patterns of generalist, specialist and advanced practice nursing roles in specialist and central hospital contexts.BackgroundIn Finland, as in other Nordic countries, advanced practice nursing roles emerged around 2000. There are over 60,000 registered nurses/midwives in Finland and the clinical career pathway from a registered nurse to advanced practice nurse has been described yet not fully implemented in healthcare organizations. However, the number and activities of nonadvanced and advanced practitioner roles are not well known.DesignA descriptive comparative study.MethodsAn online self‐report survey was conducted between August and October 2020 using an advanced practice role delineation tool. A census sample of registered nurses, registered midwives, specialist nurses and advanced practice nurses in five university hospitals and one central hospital was recruited. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the characteristics of participants and group differences were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The STROBE checklist was used as the reporting guideline.ResultsA total of 1497 responses were obtained (response rate = 10%). Overall, nurses used comprehensive care and education activities most frequently. The least used activities were research and publication and professional leadership. Univariate analysis of variance test between role effects, when education and grouped age were taken into account, showed statistically significant difference in all of the observed five activities (p < .001).ConclusionIdentifying activities in different levels of nursing is a crucial first step in delineating nursing roles thus improving the governance of the human resource management.ImpactThe study results add to the international literature, delineating nursing roles in the spectrum of generalist to advanced practice nursing. As these roles become more formalized, we may incorporate novel ways of promoting the career development and optimal use and assessment of nursing roles and practice in various career levels.
Physiologic lead placement with electroanatomic mapping: A case series
Authors: Baman Jayson R. , Garg Varun , Kalluri Aravind G. , Wasserlauf Jeremiah , Trivedi Amar , Knight Bradley P. , Sharma Parikshit S , Verma Nishant 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionHis bundle pacing (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) have emerged as attractive alternatives to traditional biventricular pacing to achieve cardiac resynchronization therapy. Early reported results have been inconsistent, particularly amongst patients in whom initial placement with traditional approaches has been unsuccessful or those with complex anatomy or congenital abnormalities. In this report, we describe the use of three‐dimensional electroanatomic mapping (EAM) in five selected cases.MethodsFive patients from multiple clinical sites underwent EAM‐guided HBP or LBBAP by highly trained electrophysiologists with significant experience with conduction system pacing. Each patient in this series underwent EAM‐guided conduction system pacing due to complex anatomy and/or prior failed lead implantation.ResultsEAM‐guided lead implantation was successful in all five cases. Capture thresholds were relatively low and patients continued to have evidence of successful lead implantation with minimum 1‐month follow‐up. The fluoroscopy time varied, likely owing to the variable complexity of the cases.ConclusionsThe use of EAM, in combination with traditional intracardiac electrograms with or without fluoroscopy, allows more targeted and precise placement of leads for HBP and LBBAP pacing. Further investigation is needed to determine this strategy's long‐term performance and to optimize patient selection.
Dyslipidemia in diabetic kidney disease classified by proteinuria and renal dysfunction: A cross‐sectional study from a regional diabetes cohort
Authors: Hirano Tsutomu , Satoh Noriyuki , Kodera Rieko , Hirashima Takeshi , Suzuki Natsuko , Aoki Ema , Oshima Taito , Hosoya Mitsuru , Fujita Masahiro , Hayashi Toshiyuki , Ito Yasuki 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) exacerbates dyslipidemia and increases the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. DKD is a concept that includes typical diabetic nephropathy and an atypical phenotype without proteinuria. We investigated dyslipidemia in different DKD phenotypes that have not been fully studied.Materials and MethodsFasting plasma was obtained from 1,073 diabetes patients enrolled in the regional diabetes cohort (ViNA cohort). Non‐proteinuric and proteinuric DKD were defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the absence or presence of urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio >300 mg/g. Novel lipid risk factors, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) triglyceride (TG) and small dense LDL cholesterol were measured using our established homologous assay.ResultsThe proportion of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease patients was higher in non‐proteinuric DKD and even higher in proteinuric DKD than in non‐DKD. Increased estimated glomerular filtration rate grade and albuminuric stage were independently correlated with higher TG, TG‐rich lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein CIII. Therefore, proteinuric DKD had the highest of these levels. Small dense LDL cholesterol and LDL‐TG were higher in the proteinuria without renal dysfunction group in the lipid‐lowering drug‐free subset. Lipoprotein(a) was higher in DKD regardless of proteinuria.ConclusionsProteinuria was associated with an atherogenic subspecies of LDL, whereas renal dysfunction was associated with increased lipoprotein(a). Proteinuria and renal dysfunction independently exacerbated TG‐rich lipoprotein‐related dyslipidemia. This is in good agreement with the results of large‐scale clinical studies in which proteinuria and renal dysfunction synergistically increased the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in populations with diabetes.
Site fidelity and shallow genetic structure in the common smooth‐hound shark Mustelus mustelus confirmed by tag‐recapture and genetic data
Authors: Klein Juliana D. , Asbury Tamaryn A. , da Silva Charlene , Hull Kelvin L. , Dicken Matthew L. , Gennari Enrico , Maduna Simo N. , Bester‐van der Merwe Aletta E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe common smooth‐hound shark, Mustelus mustelus, is a widely distributed demersal shark under heavy exploitation from various fisheries throughout its distribution range. To assist in the development of appropriate management strategies, the authors evaluate stock structure, site fidelity and movement patterns along the species’ distribution in southern Africa based on a combination of molecular and long‐term tag‐recapture data. Eight species‐specific microsatellite markers (N = 73) and two mitochondrial genes, nicotinamide adenine dehydrogenase subunit 4 and control region (N = 45), did not reveal any significant genetic structure among neighbouring sites. Nonetheless, tagging data demonstrate a remarkable degree of site fidelity with 76% of sharks recaptured within 50 km of the original tagging location. On a larger geographic scale, dispersal is governed by oceanographic features as demonstrated by the lack of movements across the Benguela‐Agulhas transition zone separating the South‐East Atlantic Ocean (SEAO) and South‐West Indian Ocean (SWIO) populations. Microsatellite data supported very shallow ocean‐based structure (SEAO and SWIO) and historical southward gene flow following the Agulhas Current, corroborating the influence of this dynamic oceanographic system on gene flow. Moreover, no movements between Namibia and South Africa were observed, indicating that the Lüderitz upwelling formation off the Namibian coast acts as another barrier to dispersal and gene flow. Overall, these results show that dispersal and stock structure of M. mustelus are governed by a combination of behavioural traits and oceanographic features such as steep temperature gradients, currents and upwelling systems.
RegioFEM– Informing future‐oriented flood risk management at the regional scale (Part I)
Authors: Löschner Lukas , Eder Markus , Herrnegger Mathew , Hogl Karl , Nordbeck Ralf , Scherhaufer Patrick , Schober Bernhard , Seher Walter , Wesemann Johannes , Zahnt Nina , Habersack Helmut 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis contribution presents an integrated method to inform future‐oriented flood risk management across policy domains at the scale of river sections and (sub)catchments. The RegioFEM (Regional Floodplain Evaluation Matrix) combines approaches from hydrology, hydraulic engineering, spatial planning and stakeholder engagement to assess the dynamic changes in floodplains in consideration of projected investments in flood protection, expected settlement and infrastructure development and the likely climate‐induced changes in flood runoff. In this paper, we present the step‐by‐step approach of the RegioFEM, outlining how the method can be applied and replicated in practice in support of catchment‐oriented and forward‐looking flood management policies. The RegioFEM builds on the understanding of floodplains as coupled human and natural systems. It supports the simple comparative evaluation of the expected impacts of future developments in riparian areas on flood risk change and thus provides a basis to anticipate reciprocal effects between flood defence and land development to improve the sectoral interplay of integrated flood policies.
Patterns of incident dementia codes during the COVID‐19 pandemic at an integrated healthcare system
Authors: Borson Soo , Chen Aiyu , Wang Susan E. , Nguyen Huong Q. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic delayed diagnosis and care for some acute conditions and reduced monitoring for some chronic conditions. It is unclear whether new diagnoses of chronic conditions such as dementia were also affected. We compared the pattern of incident Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) diagnosis codes from 2017 to 2019 through 2020, the first pandemic year.MethodsRetrospective cohort design, leveraging 2015–2020 data on all members 65 years and older with no prior ADRD diagnosis, enrolled in a large integrated healthcare system for at least 2 years. Incident ADRD was defined as the first ICD‐10 code at any encounter, including outpatient (face‐to‐face, video, or phone), hospital (emergency department, observation, or inpatient), or continuing care (home, skilled nursing facility, and long‐term care). We also examined incident ADRD codes and use of telehealth by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and spoken language.ResultsCompared to overall annual incidence rates for ADRD codes in 2017–2019, 2020 incidence was slightly lower (1.30% vs. 1.40%), partially compensating later in the year for reduced rates during the early months of the pandemic. No racial or ethnic group differences were identified. Telehealth ADRD codes increased fourfold, making up for a 39% drop from face‐to‐face outpatient encounters. Older age (85+) was associated with higher odds of receiving telecare versus face‐to‐face care in 2020 (OR:1.50, 95%CI: 1.25–1.80) and a slightly lower incidence of new codes; no racial/ethnic, sex, or language differences were identified in the mode of care.ConclusionsRates of incident ADRD codes dropped early in the first pandemic year but rose again to near pre‐pandemic rates for the year as a whole, as clinicians rapidly pivoted to telehealth. With refinement of protocols for remote dementia detection and diagnosis, health systems could improve access to equitable detection and diagnosis of ADRD going forward.