bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transferring decision boundaries onto a geographic space: Agent rules extracted from movement data using classification trees
Authors: Patel Jugal , Katan Jeffrey , Perez Liliana , Sengupta Raja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe leverage applied machine learning to determine which environmental features are best associated with the “moving” behaviour(s) of a troop of olive baboons (Papio anubis; collared with GPS trackers at Mpala Research Centre, Kenya). Specifically, we develop a behaviour‐selection surface informed by classification trees trained using movement trajectories and remotely sensed environmental features. Atop this surface, we simulate agent movement towards set destinations, constrained by the relative extent to which sets of features are associated with behaviour(s). To achieve our goal, we perform: (a) path segmentation using thresholding to label training data; (b) agent‐rule extraction using classification trees to associate the relative Euclidean distance of a point from environmental features with behaviour; and (c) implementation of this information into an agent‐based model to provide a data‐driven simulation of troop movement. We believe this framework can accommodate intensifications in data velocity, veracity, volume, and variety expected from increasingly sophisticated biologgers and data‐fusion techniques.
Schistosoma mansoni infection is associated with decreased risk of respiratory allergy symptoms and low production of CCL2
Authors: de Oliveira Nóbrega Cassia Giselle , do Nascimento Wheverton Ricardo Correia , Santos Patrícia d'Emery Alves , de Lorena Virgínia Maria Barros , Medeiros Décio , Costa Vláudia Maria Assis , Barbosa Constança Clara Gayoso Simões , Solé Dirceu , Sarinho Emanuel Sávio Cavalcanti , de Souza Valdênia Maria Oliveira 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe measured the production of cytokines, chemokines and antibodies involved in allergic responses and sCD23 levels during Schistosoma mansoni infection.MethodsIndividuals (n = 164) were selected using the ISAAC questionnaire and parasitological exams. The subjects were divided as follows: those infected individuals with allergy‐related symptoms (A‐I), those with allergy‐related symptoms only (A‐NI); those only infected (NA‐I); and those non‐infected individuals without allergy‐related symptoms (NA‐NI). We used supernatants from cell culture (mitogenic stimulation) to measure cytokine and chemokine levels using cytometric bead arrays. Serum levels of anti‐Ascaris lumbricoides (Asc) and anti‐Blomia tropicalis IgE were measured using ImmunoCAP, and sCD23 was measured using ELISA.ResultsSchistosoma mansoni infection was associated with a lower risk of allergy‐related symptoms. In A‐I, there were higher levels of TNF‐α, IL‐10, IL‐6, IFN‐γ and CXCL8 than in NA‐NI group, with TNF‐α and IL‐6 also at higher levels compared to A‐NI group. Levels of IL‐6, CXCL8, total and anti‐Asc IgE, as well as the numbers of eosinophils, were higher in NA‐I than in NA‐NI, and the antibodies were also lower in A‐NI than in NA‐I group. In AI and NA‐I, there was less production of CCL2 than in NA‐NI. There were no differences in the levels of IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐17, CCL5, sCD23 and anti‐Blomia IgE.ConclusionsPatients with allergy‐related symptoms and infected (simultaneously) had higher levels of IL‐10; due to the infection, there was increased production of IL‐6 and CXCL8 and less CCL2. These data may characterize deviation to Th1 or attenuation of the Th2 response in allergy sufferers in areas endemic for schistosomiasis.
Actuation and Motion Control of Flexible Robots: Small Deformation Problem
Authors: Shabana Ahmed A. , Bai Zhengfeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a new computational approach for the articulated joint/deformation actuation and motion control of robot manipulators with flexible components. Oscillations due to small deformations of relatively stiff robot components which cannot be ignored, are modeled in this study using the finite element (FE) floating frame of reference (FFR) formulation which employs two coupled sets of coordinates: the reference and elastic coordinates. The inverse dynamics, based on the FFR formulation, leads to driving forces associated with the deformation degrees of freedom. Because of the link flexibility, two approaches can be considered to determine the actuation forces required to achieve the desired motion trajectories. These two approaches are the partially constrained inverse dynamics (PCID) and the fully constrained inverse dynamics (FCID). The FCID approach, which will be considered in future investigations and allows for motion and shape control, can be used to achieve the desired motion trajectories and suppress undesirable oscillations. The new small-deformation PCID approach introduced in this study, on the other hand, allows for achieving the desired motion trajectories, determining systematically the actuation forces and moments associated with the robot joint and elastic degrees of freedom, and avoiding deteriorations in the vibration characteristics as measured by the differences between the inverse- and forward-dynamics solutions. A procedure for determining the actuation forces associated with the deformation degrees of freedom is proposed and is exemplified using piezoelectric actuators. The PCID solution is used to define a new set of algebraic equations that can be solved for the piezoelectric actuation voltages required to maintain the forward-dynamics oscillations within their inverse-dynamics limits. A planar two-link flexible-robot manipulator is presented to demonstrate the implementation of the joint/deformation actuation approach. The results obtained show deterioration in the robot precision if the deformation actuation is not considered.
Macular sensitivity assessment and fixation analysis using microperimetry in children with retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Ozen Tunay Zuhal , Idil Aysun 
Published: June 2021

Background/aimsTo investigate retinal sensitivity and fixation stability using microperimetry in children with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).MethodsObservational case series. Totally 51 preterm children who had been followed for ROP were examined in three groups (n=17 in each group). The groups were defined as children without ROP (group 1), children with spontaneously resolved ROP (group 2) and children who had laser treatment for ROP (group 3). All subjects underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination. Macular Analyzer Integrity Assessment Microperimetry was used to analyse macular light sensitivity and fixation stability. The results were compared between groups. The measurements were also analysed according to age, gender, birth weight and gestational age.ResultsThe mean age was 10.84±0.97 years, and 27 children were female. Mean average threshold (AT) for macular sensitivity was 25.5±2.1 decibel in group 1, 26.8±3.8 decibel in group 2 and 26.3±3.0 decibel in group 3. These differences were not statistically significant between the groups (p=0.067), but AT was abnormal in 29% of the whole study population. Outputs about fixation stability were similar between the three groups but fixation was unstable in 27% of the subjects. Mean AT was better in children ≥11 years old compared with the younger ones (p=0.022).ConclusionPreterm children may have some abnormalities in macular light sensitivity and fixation stability. These abnormalities may be more prominent in children less than 11 years old. ROP itself or the laser treatment seems not to affect macular light sensitivity and fixation stability.
Postoperative low molecular weight heparin bridging treatment for patients at high risk of arterial thromboembolism (PERIOP2): double blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kovacs Michael J , Wells Philip S , Anderson David R , Lazo-Langner Alejandro , Kearon Clive , Bates Shannon M , Blostein Mark , Kahn Susan R , Schulman Sam , Sabri Elham , Solymoss Susan , Ramsay Tim , Yeo Erik , Rodger Marc A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
To determine the efficacy and safety of dalteparin postoperative bridging treatment versus placebo for patients with atrial fibrillation or mechanical heart valves when warfarin is temporarily interrupted for a planned procedure.

Design
Prospective, double blind, randomised controlled trial.

Setting
10 thrombosis research sites in Canada and India between February 2007 and March 2016.

Participants
1471 patients aged 18 years or older with atrial fibrillation or mechanical heart valves who required temporary interruption of warfarin for a procedure.

Intervention
Random assignment to dalteparin (n=821; one patient withdrew consent immediately after randomisation) or placebo (n=650) after the procedure.

Main outcome measures
Major thromboembolism (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, proximal deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, peripheral embolism, or vascular death) and major bleeding according to the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis criteria within 90 days of the procedure.

Results
The rate of major thromboembolism within 90 days was 1.2% (eight events in 650 patients) for placebo and 1.0% (eight events in 820 patients) for dalteparin (P=0.64, risk difference −0.3%, 95% confidence interval −1.3 to 0.8). The rate of major bleeding was 2.0% (13 events in 650 patients) for placebo and 1.3% (11 events in 820 patients) for dalteparin (P=0.32, risk difference −0.7, 95% confidence interval −2.0 to 0.7). The results were consistent for the atrial fibrillation and mechanical heart valves groups.

Conclusions
In patients with atrial fibrillation or mechanical heart valves who had warfarin interrupted for a procedure, no significant benefit was found for postoperative dalteparin bridging to prevent major thromboembolism.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov
NCT00432796
.
Sudden death in individuals with obstructive sleep apnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Heilbrunn Emily S , Ssentongo Paddy , Chinchilli Vernon M , Oh John , Ssentongo Anna E 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesOver 1 billion individuals worldwide experience some form of sleep apnoea, and this number is steadily rising. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) can negatively influence one’s quality of life and potentially increase mortality risk. However, the association between OSA and mortality has not been reliably estimated. This meta-analysis estimates the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with OSA.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice databases were searched from inception through 1 January 2020.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included observational studies assessing the association of sudden deaths in individuals with and without OSA.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers (AES and ESH) extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool. Data were pooled using the random-effects models and reported as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was quantified with I2statistic.ResultsWe identified 22 observational studies (n=42 099 participants). The mean age was 62 years and 64% were men. OSA was associated with all-cause sudden death (RR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.44 to 2.10, I2=72%) and cardiovascular mortality (RR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.70, I2=32%). A marginally significant dose–response relationship between severity of OSA and the risk of death was observed (p for interaction=0.05): mild OSA (RR=1.16, 95% CI: 0.70 to 1.93), moderate OSA (RR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.67) and severe OSA (RR=2.87, 95% CI: 1.70 to 4.85). Meta-regression analysis showed that older age was a significant contributing factor in the relationship between OSA and mortality. The median study methodological quality was considered high.ConclusionsOSA is a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality. Prevention and treatment strategies to optimise survival and quality of life in individuals with OSA are urgently needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020164941.
Effect of a narrative intervention on individual-level abortion stigma: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sackeim Maryl Goldberg , Lee Soo Young , Newton Sara , Lauderdale Diane , Gilliam Melissa 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a narrative intervention on individual-level abortion stigma in patients undergoing abortion.Study designThis randomised controlled trial examined individual-level abortion stigma and psychological distress among patients undergoing outpatient abortion. Patients were randomised to a narrative intervention verus usual care. The intervention consisted of viewing a digital narrative and responding to a writing prompt. Abortion stigma was measured using the Individual Level Abortion Stigma Scale (ILAS) and psychological distress was assessed with a modified Profile of Mood States-Short Form (POMS-SF) at baseline and after 2 weeks. The primary outcome compared change in ILAS score from baseline to follow-up between groups. The secondary outcome compared change in the modified POMS-SF score.ResultsWe randomised 215 participants. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Overall baseline stigma scores were low. The study groups did not differ significantly in the primary ILAS outcome (mean change=0.07 in both groups with score range 0 to 3.5, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.11, p=0.98). There was also no significant difference in the secondary modified POMS-SF outcome (mean change −0.64 for the intervention group and −0.65 for the control group with score range −8 to 8, 95% CI -1.10 to 1.12, p=0.98). Black participants, comprising the majority, demonstrated lower levels of individual-level abortion stigma and psychological distress at baseline than participants identifying with any other race (mean baseline ILAS score of 0.70 vs 1.00 and mean modified POMS-SF score of −3.00 vs −1.45, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.46 and 95% CI 0.28 to 2.01, p=0.001 and p=0.02, respectively).ConclusionsPatients who participated in a narrative intervention did not score lower on an individual-level abortion stigma scale compared with a control group at 2-week follow-up. Demographic characteristics may predict levels of individual-level abortion stigma and psychological distress among patients seeking abortion.
Study of N-doping in (Bi2MoO6, MoO3)/SnOx:N photocatalys in the degradation of RhB using visible light
Authors: Feng David Jui-Yang , Lai Chien-Yu , Shih Ming-Chang , Yang Millie , Lan Wen-How , Wang Mu-Chun , Yang Cheng-Fu 
Published: June 2021

Novel composites operating in visible light (VL) energy are an important issue in photon excited system. The (Bi2MoO6, MoO3)/SnO[Formula: see text]:N composite photocatalysts were prepared by the one-step spray pyrolysis method. The effect of N-doping in SnO[Formula: see text] layer with controlled N/Sn ratio in precursor to the photocatalystic ability of the composite was studied. The photocatalytic ability of the composites was evaluated by photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light emitting diode illumination. The composites were characterized by film optical absorption analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Film with suitable N-doping shows the improved visible-light photocatalytic ability with rate constant 0.019 min[Formula: see text]. With the electrical property of SnO[Formula: see text]:N films and the scavenger analysis of the composites, the photocatalytic mechanism was discussed.
The seismic structure of the Antarctic upper mantle
Authors: Wiens Douglas A. , Shen Weisen , Lloyd Andrew J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The deployment of seismic stations and the development of ambient noise tomography as well as new analysis methods provide an opportunity for higher-resolution imaging of Antarctica. Here we review recent seismic structure models and describe their implications for the dynamics and history of the Antarctic upper mantle. Results show that most of East Antarctica is underlain by continental lithosphere to depths of approximately 200 km. The thickest lithosphere is found in a band 500–1000 km inboard from the Transantarctic Mountains, representing the continuation of cratonic lithosphere with Australian affinity beneath the ice. Dronning Maud Land and the Lambert Graben show much thinner lithosphere, consistent with Phanerozoic lithospheric disruption. The Transantarctic Mountains mark a sharp boundary between cratonic lithosphere and the warmer upper mantle of West Antarctica. In the southern Transantarctic Mountains, cratonic lithosphere has been replaced by warm asthenosphere, giving rise to Cenozoic volcanism and an elevated mountainous region. The Marie Byrd Land volcanic dome is underlain by slow seismic velocities extending through the transition zone, consistent with a mantle plume. Slow-velocity anomalies beneath the coast from the Amundsen Sea Embayment to the Antarctic Peninsula are likely to result from upwelling of warm asthenosphere during subduction of the Antarctic–Phoenix spreading centre.
Prevalence of Postoperative Infection after Tooth Extraction: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yue Yi Elaine Kueh , Siew Ying Annabelle Lai , Mohan Mandakini , Menon Rohit Kunnath 
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to identify the postoperative infection rates after tooth extraction in a university dental clinic and to identify the factors associated with an increased risk for postoperative infection. A retrospective study of case records of patients who underwent tooth extractions at the International Medical University’s Oral Health Centre (IMU-OHC) over a span of 6 years was conducted. Data on demography, patient-related factors, and treatment-related factors were extracted from the case records. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the odds ratio of a patient having a postoperative infection or not, comparing it with each variable. A total of 1821 extractions, including simple and complex extractions, were performed over 6 years. Only 25 (1.4%) of the cases were reported to have a postoperative infection. The complexity of the extraction was the only variable that significantly affected the occurrence of postoperative infection after extraction; more complex extractions were reported with higher rates of infection (binary logistic regression, OR = 2.03,

p

= 0.004). None of the other factors, including antibiotic prescription, had a significant influence on the occurrence of postoperative infection. The prevalence of postoperative infection after dental extractions was low in IMU-OHC, and prescribing antibiotics had no added advantage in the prevention of postoperative infection.
60 Years Young: The Evolving Role of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Cieri Nicoletta , Maurer Katie , Wu Catherine J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe year 2020 marked the 30th anniversary of the Nobel Prize in Medicine awarded to E. Donnall Thomas for the development of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) to treat hematologic malignancies and other blood disorders. Dr. Thomas, “father of bone marrow transplantation,” first developed and reported this technique in 1957, and in the ensuing decades, this seminal study has impacted fundamental work in hematology and cancer research, including advances in hematopoiesis, stem cell biology, tumor immunology, and T-cell biology. As the first example of cancer immunotherapy, understanding the mechanisms of antitumor biology associated with allo-HSCT has given rise to many of the principles used today in the development and implementation of novel transformative immunotherapies. Here we review the historical basis underpinning the development of allo-HSCT as well as advances in knowledge obtained by defining mechanisms of allo-HSCT activity. We review how these principles have been translated to novel immunotherapies currently utilized in clinical practice and describe potential future applications for allo-HSCT in cancer research and development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Bispecific Immunomodulatory Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Blanco Belén , Domínguez-Alonso Carmen , Alvarez-Vallina Luis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe recent advances in the field of immuno-oncology have dramatically changed the therapeutic strategy against advanced malignancies. Bispecific antibody-based immunotherapies have gained momentum in preclinical and clinical investigations following the regulatory approval of the T cell–redirecting antibody blinatumomab. In this review, we focus on emerging and novel mechanisms of action of bispecific antibodies interacting with immune cells with at least one of their arms to regulate the activity of the immune system by redirecting and/or reactivating effector cells toward tumor cells. These molecules, here referred to as bispecific immunomodulatory antibodies, have the potential to improve clinical efficacy and safety profile and are envisioned as a second wave of cancer immunotherapies. Currently, there are more than 50 bispecific antibodies under clinical development for a range of indications, with promising signs of therapeutic activity. We also discuss two approaches for in vivo secretion, direct gene delivery, and infusion of ex vivo gene-modified cells, which may become instrumental for the clinical application of next-generation bispecific immunomodulatory antibodies.
Ibrutinib Restores Tumor-specific Adaptive Immunity in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Zent Clive S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by early and profound immune suppression and reversal of these effects is essential to improve patient outcome. Targeted therapy with small-molecule inhibitors such as ibrutinib is highly effective and tolerable. Emerging data suggest that patients with CLL responding to ibrutinib therapy can recover anti-CLL adaptive immune cytotoxicity.
See related article by Baptista et al., p. 4624
Targeting the T-Cell Lymphoma Epigenome Induces Cell Death, Cancer Testes Antigens, Immune-Modulatory Signaling Pathways
Authors: Scotto Luigi , Kinahan Cristina , Douglass Eugene , Deng Changchun , Safari Maryam , Casadei Beatrice , Marchi Enrica , Lue Jennifer K. , Montanari Francesca , Falchi Lorenzo , Qiao Changhong , Renu Nandakumar , Bates Susan E. , Califano Andrea , O'Connor Owen A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) could be considered the prototypical epigenetic disease. As a disease, they are uniquely sensitive to histone deacetylase (HDAC) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors, both alone and in combination, are characterized by a host of mutations in epigenetic genes, and can develop spontaneously in genetically engineered murine models predicated on established recurring mutations in (RHOAG17V) and TET2, an epigenetic gene governing DNA methylation. Given the clinical benefit of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) and hypomethlyation agents alone and in combination in PTCL, we sought to explore a mechanistic basis for these agents in PTCL. Herein, we reveal profound class synergy between HDAC and DNMT inhibitors in PTCL, and that the combination induces degrees of gene expression that are substantially different and more extensive than that observed for the single agents. A prominent signature of the combination relates to the transcriptional induction of cancer testis antigens and genes involved in the immune response. Interestingly, TBX21 and STAT4, master regulators of TH1 differentiation, were among the genes upregulated by the combination, suggesting the induction of a TH1-like phenotype. Moreover, suppression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and the matrisome were also identified. We believe that these data provide a strong rationale for clinical studies, and future combinations leveraging an immunoepigenetic platform.