bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality Assessment of Commercially Produced Sandcrete Blocks in Okitipupa Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adese A. J. , Olajide O. D. 
Published: December 2021

The frequent collapse of buildings in Nigeria has necessitated carrying out a quality check not only on the structural design of these buildings but also on the materials used in their construction. Sandcrete blocks are used as a walling unit mostly because they are cheap and fast to produce. They can also be use as either load-bearing or non-load bearing purpose. Hence, this paper gives an in-depth quality assessment of sandcrete blocks commercially produced in Okitipupa Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Six sandcrete block producing locations were visited within the local government and both six inches (6″) blocks (450×150×225 mm) and nine inches (9″) blocks (450×225×225 mm) from each location were randomly collected, together with their soil samples. Twenty-four control samples of 6″ and 9″ sandcrete blocks were also produced in accordance with the Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS 87: 2007). Specific gravity test, silt/clay content and sieve analysis test were performed on each soil samples from different locations to check their suitability for block production, in addition, bulk density, compressive strength and water absorption were performed on the collected sandcrete blocks. In general, the compressive strength of the block samples was between 1.09 N/mm2 to 1.19 N/mm2 for six inches and 1.37 N/mm2 to 1.64 N/mm2 for nine inches which falls below the 2.5 N/mm2 and 3.45 N/mm2 minimum recommendation given by the NIS.
Curriculum Mapping of Undergraduate Medical Programmes: Recommendations for Future Directions
Authors: Botha Gerda C. , Adefolalu Adegoke O. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Medical schools are expected to churn out all-rounded healthcare professionals who are competent in the prerequisite knowledge and skills necessary to address the everchanging health needs of the society. This is usually made possible through innovation and strategy, one of which involves the continuous review and renewal of all the components of existing teaching and learning plans through a blueprinting process called curriculum mapping. This blueprint allows for curriculum goals development, together with management, reviewing and organizing its contents. As curriculum mapping of medical programmes was in its infancy stage at the time of this research, this study focusses on reporting the perspectives of the curriculum leaders on future directions for curriculum mapping of undergraduate medical programmes in South Africa.
Method: Purposive sampling was used in a qualitative study among fourteen academics involved in medical curricula at all eight medical schools. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, and analysis was done by thematic analysis.
Results: Curriculum planners have specific expectations of curriculum mapping of undergraduate programmes as a possible future strategy to drive curriculum review and renewal in the country. Although some agreement exists about the characteristic features, any mapping platform created should meet the specific institutional requirements that will address their challenges.
Conclusion: Finally, a national mandate from the authorities will be required to achieve curriculum benchmarking and collaboration amongst the medical schools to standardize undergraduate medical programme outcomes.
Analysis of factors influencing the formation of neurotic disorders in sudents of higher education institutions
Authors: Yurtsenyuk O. 
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the factors influencing the formation of non-psychotic mental disorders (NPD) in students of higher education institutions.The purpose of the study is to analyze the factors influencing the formation of non psychotic mental disorders in students of higher education.Material and methods. We analyzed the results of a survey of 1235 students. Methods applied: clinical, clinical, psychopathological, clinical, epidemiological, clinical and medical history, experimental psychological and statistical methods.
Results. It has been found that living alone much increases the risk of NPD, namely 2.21 times. Notably, more married students have an NPD of 15.46% versus 3.53% of healthy students (p <0.05). Significantly more students with NPD rated family relationships as "calm, cold" 19.87% versus 4.14% of healthy students (p<0.05). So we can say that cold relationships in the family are factors in the formation of NPD. Significantly more students with NPD recognized interpersonal conflicts in the team as an urgent problem - 96 (30.28%), while only 165 (17.97%) healthy students noted this problem (p <0.05).Conclusions. The identified patterns must be taken into account when building programs for early diagnosis of NPD, as well as when planning individually targeted psychotherapeutic care.
Role of society marginalization in spreading crime
Authors: Tymoshenko V.I. 
Published: December 2021

The relevance of a problem of marginalization for the current state of crisis in Ukraine is considered in the article. Such social phenomena as violation of the principle of equality, sharp social delimitation, unemployment, inflation, corruption, poverty are the determining factors nowadays; they contribute to the marginalization of society. The special type of the personality with a crisis or catastrophic consciousness has already formed.
The origin of the term "marginal man" is studied. The essence of marginalization and its causes, among which the main place is taken by transformational processes in society, which are always accompanied by an increase of negative phenomena in the spheres of economy, politics and spiritual life is characterized. In particular, marginalization of society promotes the imposition of Western values, which are not always acceptable to the mentality of Ukrainians. It leads to the alienation of citizens, their apathy and cynicism, mistrust of power. Such factors as the poorly thought-out national and migration policy of the state, the expansion of cultural ties between peoples, the availability of information through the Internet can contribute to the formation of the phenomenon of marginal person.
Migrants, unattended minors, persons engaged in vagrancy or begging, persons without a definite place of residence, persons who do not have a permanent place of employment, prisoners, persons who were convicted, sentenced, released from prison and did not try to make some lifestyle changes, persons involved in prostitution, chronic alcoholics, drug addicts; toxicants and others belong to the category of people who have the marginal lifestyle.
A characteristic feature of the marginal personality is legal nihilism. A typical form of manifestation of the legal nihilism of marginalized groups can be called a deliberate violation of current legal acts, massive non-compliance with legal requirements. The lack of norms generates a total criminalization of social relations. It is grounded that the marginal situation can be a serious crime-causing factor. Marginal persons are often the victims of various crimes or criminals. The marginal lifestyle usually precedes the commission of crimes, and the deepening and spreading of marginalization processes negatively affects the quantitative and qualitative state of crime.
Classification of responsibilities according to the teachings of I. Kant
Authors: Popovych T. 
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the species classification of obligations according to I. Kant`s doctrine. It has been studied that all obligations, in I. Kant`s opinion, can be or legal or moral. The German thinker divides obligations based on the following criteria. The first criterion is the objective attitude of the law to the obligation. These are perfect and imperfect obligations, which include the obligation to oneself and the obligation to others. The second criterion for the division of obligations is the subjective attitude to the obligated subject.
The author emphasizes that the thinker also identifies the possibility of dividing the human obligations to oneself on the basis of objective and subjective criteria. According to objective criteria, obligations can be negative or positive. Negatives are those that mean only moral self-preservation. Positive obligations lead to self-improvement. According to subjective criterion, Kant divides obligations into those which concern only the human animal nature and those which concern man as a moral being.
The article also draws attention to the philosopher's classification of human obligations to others into several subgroups: human obligations to others only as people; human obligations to others out of respect for them, which they deserve; human obligations to others in terms of their position. Human obligations to others only as to people are concentrated by the thinker around the phenomena of love and respect. Human obligations to others out of respect for them, which they deserve, are reciprocal, that is, the person, on the one hand, can demand respect from others, and on the other hand, this person must treat others with respect. Human obligations s to others in terms of their position should be seen not so much as obligations, but as rules that change depending on the subjects of the principle of virtue to the cases that occur in experience.
El kagura "Izanami Izanagi no tsuremai" del santuario de Tamashiki
Authors: Gómez Gómez Sara 
Published: December 2021

Más allá del análisis filológico e histórico de fuentes como el Kojiki y el Nihongi, se puede abordar el estudio de la mitología japonesa desde la antropología y la etnología. Es por ello que, para obtener una visión más completa de figuras mitológicas como Izanami e Izanagi, una aproximación a su presencia en algunos matsuri y danzas kagura puede ser de interés.
En este trabajo se expone una relación y descripción tanto de los materiales audiovisuales como de los resultados obtenidos en el trabajo de campo realizado el 5 de mayo de 2018 en el santuario Tamashiki (Kazo, Saitama), en la celebración del shunki taisai (festival de primavera), entre cuyos kagura se representaba el pasaje mítico del matrimonio entre Izanami e Izanagi, bajo el título de Izanagi Izanami no tsuremai.
Analysis and synthesis of function data of human movement
Authors: Ma Yunlong , Sharaf Sanaa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article proposes a human motion capture method based on operational data. The thesis first uses the human body wear system to perform functional processing on the captured periodic motion data, and then extracts the data sequence for the few motions. Thereafter, the classification of the vector calculation method is carried out according to the characteristics of periodic data. Through experimental research, it is found that the functional data analysis (FDA) algorithm proposed in the thesis can accurately identify human motion behaviour, and the automatically collected data has a recognition rate that is as high as 98.9%. Therefore, we have concluded that the human body data functional analysis algorithm has higher recognition accuracy than the traditional optical capture system. Thus, it is worthy of further research and discussion.
Enterprise Financial Characteristics and Corporate Social Responsibility Costs of Oil and Gas Businesses in Nigeria
Authors: Ugbor Rapheal Oluchukwu , Inyiama Oliver Ikechukwu , Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi , Inyiama Ethel Chinakpude 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work evaluated the effect of entity characteristics on company social responsibility costs of oil and gas firms in Nigeria for 2010 - 2019. The independent variables of the study and measures of firm characteristics are total assets, total sales, financial leverage and firm age while the independent variable is corporate social responsibility. A sample of three firms was selected out of a population of eleven oil and gas businesses on the Nigeria Stock Exchange during the period. Supporting data were obtained from the selected firms and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Findings from the analysis suggest that both total assets and total sales positively and significantly affect the corporate social responsibility costs of the firms. It was also found that financial leverage positively and insignificantly affects the corporate social responsibility costs of the firms. Finding further reveals that firm age negatively and insignificantly affects corporate social responsibility costs of the firms. In the light of the findings, it was recommended that the firm managers should invest in assets especially long-term assets that will yield future streams of returns for their firms. This is because investment in assets improves production and promotes the corporate social responsibility performance of the firms. It was also recommended that the firm managers should promote their products through various product promotion channels as total sales boast firm profitability and promote corporate social responsibility performance. It was further recommended that the firm managers should increase the proportion of debts in their firms’ capital structure. It was finally recommended that firm managers should use a modern approach while implementing their corporate social responsibility programs as opposed to the old style.
The Brand Effect: A Case Study in Taiwan Second-Hand Smartphone Market
Authors: Wang Guan-Yuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Since the smartphone market is an oligopoly market structure, consumer purchase intention is usually driven by brand preference. This research analyses the customer-to-customer market of second-hand smartphones, pointing out how the brand factor affects the consumers’ purchasing behaviour. It is found that the recovery value and life cycle of Apple smartphones are higher and longer than those of other brands. Moreover, the recovery value of other brand smartphones is significantly driven by the debut date of the Apple smartphones, implicitly forming a consumption cycle. In addition, through machine learning models, the predictability for the recovery value is able to reach 93.55%.
Rapid Public-Private Partnership Deployment in Kazakhstan: Enablers and Implications
Authors: Mouraviev Nikolai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are a relatively new phenomenon in Kazakh-stan – their development began in 2005 in the transport and energy sectors. Initially sluggish growth transformed into rapid PPP deployment from 2016 to 2019 when hundreds of PPPs were launched in many industries (infrastructure, hospitals, schools), which was in sharp contrast to just a handful of PPPs formed prior to 2016. Rapid PPP deployment raised deep concerns whether the government’s supporting schemes and PPP launch procedures are appropriate and whether they may backfire for the government in the form of increasing debt. This paper aims to investigate the enablers and implications of accelerated PPP formation. The study is based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with a range of actors in the field, including PPP operators (railroad, energy company, kindergarten), regional and local governments, national and regional PPP centres, lawyers and private investors, which afforded an opportunity to mitigate bias in opinions. The study has identified three principal enablers: simplified procedures for a PPP launch, pressure exerted on regional governments, and extensive government financial support to PPPs. By making use of agency theory, property rights theory and the value-for-money concept, the paper offers a conceptualisation of rapid PPP growth in Kazakhstan in recent years and argues that growth was disproportionally fast and unintended. Policy implications include a need to re-establish the value-for-money approach to PPP formation, a significant increase in government liabilities to PPPs, and a misconception regarding the role of PPP collaborative governance.
Mismatch of Policy Theory and Policy Practice in Eastern Europe: Cross-Sectoral Comparison of Croatian Policymaking
Authors: Petek Ana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to improve empirical policy theory by examining Eastern European policymaking, using Croatia as a case for analysis. Data sources are published studies that describe 11 sectors from diverse policy areas. The whole material was coded by the rules of qualitative content analysis. The results show 15 basic features of Croatian policymaking combined into six policymaking types: administrative, analytical, economic, external, incremental, and political. All detected policymaking types were successfully connected to several policy concepts, theories, frameworks, and approaches. The analysis revealed three points of theory-practice mismatch that are fruitful for theoretical improvements: the need for mainstreaming Europeanization and policy transfer into policy theory; the need to modify rationalistic approaches for more empirical studies on obstacles and barriers to rationality in policymaking; and the need for adapting actor-centered approaches for a more broad application and empirical research of policymaking in Eastern Europe.
Effects of seasonal changes and depth on growth parameters of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) on a shipwreck in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Şensurat-Genç Tuğçe , Karadal Onur , Oruç Adnan Çağlar , Özgül Aytaç , Lök Altan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe study was conducted between July 2018 and May 2020 to compare seasonal changes in growth parameters of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) at different depths in two different areas of the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea (Aegean Sea). In a preliminary study, mussels were placed in cages at different depths of an artificial reef (AR – shipwreck) and natural reef (NR). Temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were determined seasonally at both sites at a depth of 37 m (deepwater) and 25 m (midwater). Linear increases in length and width of mussels at the AR site were recorded, while no consistent changes were observed for mussels at the NR. There was negative correlation between the specific growth rate (SGR) and salinity (r2= 0.5098) and temperature (r2= 0.1470) at the AR site. Negative correlations were also recorded between pH and the commercial condition index (CCI) at both the AR (r2= 0.3869) and NR (r2= 0.3600) sites. Our findings show that depth had a significant effect (p< 0.05) on theCCIof mussels at the NR site, while its effect was insignificant for this index at the AR site (p> 0.05). This study indicates that natural reefs provide more suitable conditions for the growth of Mediterranean mussels than shipwrecks used as artificial reefs.
ANALISIS PENGUKURAN MINAT PENGGUNA APLIKASI PAYTREN DALAM PENGGUNAAN MOBILE PAYMENT DI ACEH
Authors: Evayani Evayani , Ariani Dini , Dinaroe Dinaroe 
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the number of internet users and smartphones was increasing enormously in Indonesia. The development of the internet occurs rapidly and gives a significant influence on every aspect of life. The growing information technology allows people to easily perform various financial transactions by using mobile payments. This research aimed to examine the influence of mobility, compatibility, and trust toward the intention of users to use mobile payment. The research was conducted in Banda Aceh by taking samples of the PayTren users. The purposive sampling method was being used in gathering data and the main instrument of data collection was in the form of a questionnaire, which was being measured on a Likert scale. The data Samples were Banda Aceh inhabitants who use PayTren as their mobile payment platform. A total of 119 data were processed using SPSS and the analysis result of the model showed that mobility, compatibility, and trust affected the intention to use mobile payment PayTren.
Text-based Steganography using Huffman Compression and AES Encryption Algorithm
Authors: Ali Rawaa Hamza , Kadhim Jamal Mohamed 
Published: December 2021

In every system of security, to keep important data confidential, we need a high degree of protection. Steganography can be defined as a way of sending confidential texts through a secure medium of communications as well as protecting the information during the process of transmission. Steganography is a technology that is used to protect users' security and privacy. Communication is majorly achieved using a network through SMS, e-mail, and so on. The presented work suggested a technology of text hiding for protecting secret texts with Unicode characters. The similarities of glyphs provided invisibility and increased the hiding capacity. In conclusion, the proposed method succeeded in securing confidential data and achieving high payload capacity by using the Huffman compression algorithm, which was implemented on an unlimited text length. In addition, this approach has the ability to hide a single bit in every digit or letter in the cover file. Also, the approach meets the cognitive transparency and does not make the modifications apparent on the original data. The method suggested in this work increases the security level through coding a secret message before embedding it within the cover text, with the use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm.
EFFECTIVITY OF 50% ETHANOL EXTRACT OF CAMELLIA SINENSIS TEA LEAVES AS HAND ANTISEPTIC
Authors: Oktaviana Monica , Prihadi Johannes C , Moehario Lucky H. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: : Practicing hand hygiene is a way to control an infection. The recent COVID-19 pandemic, hand hygiene has become the necessity. Using antiseptic which contain chemical active ingredients causes skin problem. Camellia sinensis is a natural ingredient which its antimicrobial properties is due to the presence of catechin. The study was aimed to determine the effectivity of ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves as hand antiseptic.
Methods: This research was a comparative experimental analytic to 32 respondents conducted in the Microbiology Laboraroty of Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences–Atma Jaya Jakarta Catholic University of Indonesia. Sampling was carried out by taking bacterial swabs on the right palms. Followed by dilution using serial dilution method and inoculated onto nutrient agar using the spread plate technic. After incubation at 37oC overnight the bacterial colonies were calculated using colony counter within a range of 30-300 colonies per plate. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney was used for data analysis.
Results: The total number of bacterial colonies after sanitizing using 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves was reduced by 55.04% (p=0.003). Meanwhile, 70% alcohol curb the bacterial colonies by 76.84% (p=0.000). The comparison of the effectivity of 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensistea leaves versus 70% alcohol as hand antiseptic was insignificance (p=0.300).
Conclusion: 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves showed activity against hand’s microorganisms. However, the percentages of Camellia sinensis extract might be increased so as to achieve the effectivity of 70% alcohol.