bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Serum Proteomics Reveals The Predictive and Prognostic Potential of Clusterin and Gelsolin in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated With Radiotherapy
Authors: Das Lipi , Murthy Vedang , VARMA ASHOK K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Radiotherapy (RT) with concomitant chemotherapy (CTRT) is the standard treatment for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite advancements in treatment, a significant proportion of patients develop local recurrence and/or metastasis indicating resistance to treatment. Early identification of radio-resistant tumors using predictive and prognostic biomarkers is an important goal. We used a quantitative serum proteomics platform to evaluate the differential expression of proteins in HNSCC patients treated with CTRT.
Methods

Fifty patients with biopsy-proven, HPV-negative, squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx and larynx, undergoing curative CTRT were included in this prospective, IRB-approved study. Serum samples were collected before the start of RT (PreRT), 48 hours after RT (48hrsRT), and 1week after RT (1WeekRT). Patients were classified as “good responders” or “poor responders” based on their clinical outcome at follow-up. Relative quantitation of serum was carried out by iTRAQ to identify differentially expressed proteins. A total of 180–200 proteins were identified, of which twenty proteins showed more than 1.5 fold differential expression. PreRT protein expression levels were compared across good and poor responders to identify proteins with prognostic potential. Differential expression of proteins during RT was analyzed to identify proteins with predictive potential. Finally, twelve proteins were validated using targeted mass spectrometry in ten good and poor responders.
Results

A 1.5–2.5 fold pre-treatment upregulation of clusterin, gelsolin, extracellular matrix proteins, and proteins of the IGF pathway was observed in poor responders. A 2.0–5.0 fold upregulation of S100 proteins, clusterin, gelsolin, extracellular matrix proteins, IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBP3 was observed in poor responders within 48 hours to 1 week of starting RT.
Conclusions

The present results are the first report for a panel of twelve potential proteins that would help in early risk stratification and therapeutic prognosis of HNSCC treated with radiotherapy. The significant upregulation of clusterin and gelsolin at PreRT and within 48 hours to 1 week of starting RT, indicates their ability to act as prognostic and predictive markers, respectively. The panel of twelve proteins may facilitate the early identification of patients who are most likely to develop resistance to radiotherapy.
Spread of Endemic SARS-CoV-2 Lineages in Russia Before April 2021
Authors: Klink Galya V. , Safina Ksenia R. , Garushyants Sofya K. , Moldovan Mikhail , Nabieva Elena , Komissarov Andrey B. , Lioznov Dmitry , Bazykin Georgii A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic is characterized by global spread of several lineages with evidence for increased transmissibility. Russia is among the countries with the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, making it a potential hotspot for emergence of novel variants. Here, we show that among the globally significant variants of concern, alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351) or gamma (P.1), none have been sampled in Russia before January 2021. Instead, between summer 2020 and spring 2021, the epidemic in Russia has been characterized by the spread of two lineages that are rare elsewhere: B.1.1.317 and a sublineage of B.1.1 including B.1.1.397 (hereafter, B.1.1.397+). Their frequency has increased in different parts of Russia. Mutational composition and frequency dynamics suggest that B.1.1.317 and B.1.1.397+ may be more transmissible than the previously predominant B.1.1. On top of these lineages, in January 2021, B.1.1.7 emerged in Russia, reaching the frequency of 17.4% (95% C.I.: 12.0%-24.4%) in March 2021. Additionally, we identify three novel distinct lineages, AT.1, B.1.1.524 and B.1.1.525, that have started to spread, together reaching the frequency of 11.8% (95% C.I.: 7.5%-18.1%) in March 2021. These lineages carry combinations of several notable mutations, including the S:E484K mutation of concern, deletions at a recurrent deletion region of the spike glycoprotein (S:Δ140-142, S:Δ144 or S:Δ136-144), and nsp6:Δ106-108 (also known as ORF1a:Δ3675-3677). Community-based PCR testing indicates that these variants have continued to spread in April 2021, with the frequency of B.1.1.7 reaching 21.7% (95% C.I.: 12.3%-35.6%), and the joint frequency of B.1.1.524 and B.1.1.525, 15.2% (95% C.I.: 7.6%-28.2%). Although these variants have been displaced by the onset of delta variant in May-June 2021, the frequency increase of lineages B.1.1.317, B.1.1.397+, AT.1, B.1.1.524 and B.1.1.525 suggest that the combinations of mutations observed in them could have increased the rate of their spread.
Operational Challenges That May Affect Implementation of Evidence-based Interventions at Mobile Produce Markets
Authors: Kasprzak Christina , Lally Anne , Schoonover Julia , Gallicchio Deanna , Haynes-Maslow Lindsey , Vermont Leah , Ammerman Alice , Raja Samina , Tumiel-Berhalter Laurene , Tirabassi Jill , Leone Lucia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Mobile produce markets are becoming an increasingly prevalent, accepted, and effective strategy for improving fruit and vegetable (F&V) access and consumption across underserved and lower-income communities. However, there is limited published research on mobile market operations. The goal of this research is to identify the challenges mobile markets face and ways to potentially mitigate those challenges. We will also discuss implications of our findings on implementation of evidence-based interventions for mobile produce markets.Methods: We conducted 21 semi-structured key informant (KI) interviews to assess common practices of mobile market organizations that had been operating for 2 + years. We asked KIs about their organizational structure, operations, procurement and logistics, evaluation efforts, marketing and community engagement, success and challenges. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by two independent coders using ATLAS.ti 8.0 qualitative software. A secondary qualitative analysis identified subthemes related to common challenges and remedial practices. An inductive coding process was applied to match identified challenges to the appropriate Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).Results: The leading challenges cited by KIs correspond to the CFIR domains of inner setting (e.g., funding and resources), outer setting (e.g., navigating regulations), and process (e.g. engaging community partnership). Practices that may mitigate challenges include maximizing ancillary services, adopting innovative volunteer and staffing structures, and formalizing agreements with community partners.Conclusion: Common and persistent challenges ought to be addressed to ensure and enhance the positive public health impacts of mobile produce markets. Contextual factors, particularly organizational factors, that impact implementation should also be considered when implementing an evidence-based-intervention at a mobile market. Further research is needed to determine which innovative solutions are the most effective in mitigating challenges, improving implementation, and enhancing sustainability of mobile markets.
C2–C3 Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) for Hangman's Fractures with C2 Posterior Dislocation: A Modified Classification of Hangman's Fractures and Technical Notes
Authors: Chen Yufei , Luan Guannan , Li Xiaojie , Zhang Hongxing , Li Jingyuan , Peng Ye , Ma Shuang , Li Songlin , Xue Jing , Du Junjie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The overwhelming majority of hangman’s fractures cause anterior dislocation of C2. Hangman’s fracture with C2 posterior dislocation is extremely rare, only one paediatric case was reported in 2018 to date. This kind of injury cannot be catalogued using current classification schemes and no established treatment recommendations exist. The purpose of this article is to report a rare case of a hangman's fracture with C2 posterior dislocation, which does not fit into existing classification systems, propose a new subtype of hangman’s fractures, and discuss management technical notes for the new subtype to avoid pitfalls. Methods: Description of case, review of relevant literatures and share our experience.Results: A 31-year-old male sustained hangman’s fracture with C2 posterior dislocation after fell into a 50cm deep roadside ditch when riding a motorcycle. Radiograph and computed tomography (CT) on admission showed fractures through both pars of C2 and C2 posterior dislocation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on admission showed high T2-weighted signal intensity of cervical spinal cord and compression of cervical spinal cord by posterior dislocation of C2 vertebral body. After 5 days of skull traction with 5 kg weight before operation, the dislocation aggravated. A C2-3 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) was performed. At 6 months after operation, bony fusion was achieved, and MRI showed the T2-weighted signal hyperintensity of cervical spinal cord before surgery disappeared.Conclusion: We proposed a new subtype of hangman's fractures here, type IIb hangman’s fractures: type II hangman’s fracture with C2 posterior dislocation. C2–C3 ACDF is recommended for type IIb hangman’s fractures. Traction before surgery is not recommended.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Eight European Countries:
Prevalence, Determinants and Heterogeneity
Authors: Steinert Janina , Sternberg Henrike , Prince Hannah , Fasolo Barbara , Galizzi Matteo , Büthe Tim , Veltri Giuseppe 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy poses a major obstacle to containing COVID-19. Previous experimental studies of communication strategies for promoting COVID-19 vaccine uptake have been conducted in a single country each, often testing strategies that have differed from those studied in other countries. On the few occasions when two or more single-country studies have tested similar treatments, they have yielded inconsistent findings. For example, highlighting pro-social benefits increased participants’ willingness to get vaccinated in the UK and the US, but had no effect in France and the UK, thus calling into question the often implied generalisability of previous findings. We experimentally assess the effectiveness of different information treatments across eight European countries and examine heterogeneity in the willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19, as well as in the perceptions of the different vaccines available, within and across countries. We reveal striking differences in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy across countries, ranging from 5.5% of the adult population in Spain to 50.94% in Bulgaria. The main barriers to vaccine acceptance were fears regarding the quality and safety of the vaccines, as well as mistrust in government. Receiving information emphasising (i) COVID-19 risk reduction through vaccination, (ii) non-medical benefits of a vaccination certificate, and (iii) hedonistic benefits significantly increases vaccination willingness in Germany, but only the vaccination certificate message significantly increases willingness in the UK. No information treatment has significant effects in any other country. A machine-learning technique, model-based recursive partitioning, reveals that the effectiveness of some information treatments is highly heterogeneous among subsets of the population, with adverse effects for Spanish, German and Italian participants without active employment. The heterogeneity of vaccine hesitancy and responses to different messages suggests that health authorities should avoid one-size-fits-all messages and instead tailor vaccination campaigns to their specific target populations, with special care to more disadvantaged populations.
Research Protocol for a Before-After Comparison of the Impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity, Sedentary and Dietary Behaviour of School-Going Adolescents in Punjab, India (ICPASA Study)
Authors: Thapar Supriya , Willeboordse Maartje , Schayck Onno CP van , Vreugdenhil Anita , Thakur Jarnail Singh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the already existing pandemic of physical inactivity. In adolescents, the effect of COVID-19related governmental measures may beeven more pronounced,as they experience school closures, home confinement, social distancing and possible mental health issues as a result.The currentstudy uses the COVID-19 pandemic and associated governmental measures as a natural experiment to understand the impact it may have on the lifestyle of adolescents with relation to physical activity, sedentary and dietary behaviour. We also aim to describe the determinants of change in lifestyle behaviours.Methods/Design: A before-after experimental study design will be followed in which baseline measurements have been undertaken in 2018-19 before the COVID-19 pandemic, and the follow-up measurements will be repeated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty government and private schools of Punjab, India form the primary unit of participation from which 1086adolescents participated in the study. Validated questionnaires are used to measurephysical activity, sedentarybehaviour, and dietary behaviour. Additionally, objective measures of physical activity will be performed using ActiGraph wGT3X-BT over a 7-day period on a sub-sample. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference will be assessed objectively as a measure of central obesity. Qualitative interviews and focus group discussions will be conducted to have a better understanding for reasons of change in physical activity, sedentary and dietary behaviour or any possible differences between groups.Discussion: The study aims torevealthe impact of COVID-19 governmental measures on physical activity, sedentary and dietary behaviour of adolescents. It is one of the first studies to show both subjective and objective measures of physical activity levels and sedentary time of school-going adolescents during COVID-19. Due to the mixed method approach we will be able to identify reasons for changes in lifestyle behaviours and possibly also detect innovative ways of stayingphysically active during the era of physical distancing.
Wheat Bran Hydrolysate Culture Medium Design for Talaromyces Purpureogenus CFRM02 Pigment Production and Colour Characteristics
Authors: Das Sujit , Pandit Saritha Gopal , Dhale Mohan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Wheat bran hydrolysate (WBH) in combination with carbon and nitrogen was utilised as substrate for pigment production by Talaromyces purpureogenus CFRM02. Pigment yield was significantly increased (≈ 3 fold: OD units and ≈ 2 fold: a* value) by xylose supplementation with WBH compared to other carbon sources. Whereas 1% xylose supplementation increased pigment production (1.57 ± 0.05 OD Units and 49 ± 1.62 a* value). Pigment yield was low when WBH supplemented with 0.3% nitrogen sources. However significant increase (≈ 2-2.5 fold, OD units and a* value) was observed, when yeast extract (1.2%), nitrate of sodium (1.2%) and potassium (1.6%) were supplemented. Accordingly, 16 WBH media were designed by supplementing carbon and nitrogen. Interestingly the pigment production was significantly increased (1.59 OD units and 32 a* value) in the medium supplemented with 4% carbon and 0.9–1.2% nitrogen. T. purpureogenus CFRM02 was able to co-utilize xylose, fructose and glucose in WBH medium. The CIE Lab values indicated that, pigment characteristics differed significantly among the media. Apparently, T. purpureogenus CFRM02 possess alternative gene(s) or pathway(s) for xylose metabolism and channelled towards pigment biosynthesis. Comparative results revealed that, 1% xylose supplementation to WBH makes the fermentation process economically competitive for pigment production.
Identification of Cuticular And Web Lipids of The Spider Argiope Bruennichi
Authors: GERBAULET MORITZ , MÖLLERKE ANTON , WEISS KATHARINA , CHINTA SATYA , SCHNEIDER JUTTA M. , Schulz Stefan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that the cuticular and silk lipids of spiders are structurally more diverse than those of insects, although only a relatively low number of species have been investigated so far. As in insects, such lipids might play a role as signals in various context. The wasp spider Argiope bruennichi has probably the best investigated chemical communication system within spiders, including the known structure of the female sex pheromone. Recently we showed that kin-recognition in A. bruennichi is mediated through the cuticular compounds consisting of hydrocarbons and to a much larger proportion of wax esters. By use of MS and various derivatization methods these esters were identified here to be esters of 2,4-di­methyl­alkanoates with varying chain length and 1-alkanols, such as tetradecyl 2,4‑di­methyl­hepta­decanoate. A representative enantioselectively synthesis to this compound was performed which proved the identifications and allowed to postulate the natural enantiomer to have (2R,4R)-configuration. Cuticular profiles of the silk and cuticula of females were similar, while male cuticular profiles differed quantitatively from those of females. In addition, minor female specific 4-methylalkyl esters were detected.
Development of a Quantitative Method to Evaluate Pedicle Screw Loosening After Spinal Instrumentation Using Digital Tomosynthesis
Authors: Mataki Kentaro , Hara Yuki , Okano Eriko , Nagashima Katsuya , Noguchi Hiroshi , Shibao Yosuke , Miura Kousei , Takahashi Hiroshi , Funayama Toru , Koda Masao , Yamazaki Masashi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn general, the diagnosis of pedicle screw (PS) loosening is evaluated qualitatively based on the presence of a radiolucent area around the implant wider than 1 mm on plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT). Digital tomosynthesis is a novel imaging technology that can acquire reconstructed tomographic images of patients in different postures with relatively low radiation. In this study, PS loosening is evaluated quantitatively by measuring the PS displacement angle in the vertebrae using digital tomosynthesis. MethodsWe evaluated 41 patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion surgery using PS. The 72 pedicle screws at the cranial end of the fused segments were evaluated. The patients were divided in two groups, one with PS loosening (7 patients, 12 screws) and the other without PS loosening (34 patients, 60 screws), based on conventional CT findings. All patients underwent tomosynthesis in two different postures during a single CT session. ResultsThe displacement angles of the PS in patients in a lying position and in a standing position were measured using selected slices of the same cross-sectional view from digital tomosynthesis. The displacement angle was significantly greater in the PS loosening group (5.7°) than in the group without PS loosening (0.6°) (p＜0.01). Based on the ROC analysis, the optimal cut-off value of the PS displacement angle for identification of loosened screws was 1.7° with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 93% (AUC=0.98). ConclusionsThis new method using digital tomosynthesis has the potential to aid diagnosis of PS loosening quantitatively and more accurately than conventional evaluations.
Interactive Effects of Meteorological Factors and Particulate Pollutants on Childhood Asthma: A Time Series Analysis in Shanghai, China
Authors: Hu Yi , Wu Dan , Hu Yabin , Li Shenghui , Liu Shijian , Tan Jianguo , Yin Yong , Yan Chonghuai , Wang Xiaolei , Lu Hui , Yu Guangjun , Tong Shilu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have revealed that meteorological factors or ambient air pollutants were associated with childhood asthma, but their interactive effects are scarcely known. Methods: In order to investigate the potential interactions between meteorological factors and air pollutants on childhood asthma, we obtained daily data on meteorological factors (mean temperature, mean relative humidity, and mean air pressure), air particulate matter (PM) with diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and < 10 µm (PM10), and outpatient visits for childhood asthma during 2007-2017 in Shanghai, China. Independent effects of meteorological factors and PM on childhood asthma were estimated using distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM), and then relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was calculated to assess their potential interactions. Results: A total of 976, 350 outpatient visits for childhood asthma were included in this study. Significant lagged and non-linear effects of meteorological factors and PM exposure on childhood asthma were observed in DLNM analyses. Further, in interaction analysis, we found statistically significant antagonistic interaction between mean temperature and PM (RERI: -0.14, 95%CI: -0.15, -0.12 for PM2.5; RERI: -0.09, 95%CI: -0.10, -0.08 for PM10) and synergistic interaction between mean air pressure and PM (RERI: 0.16, 95%CI: 0.14, 0.18 for PM2.5; RERI: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.19 for PM10) on childhood asthma. Subgroup analyses by sex and age as well as sensitivity analyses of alternative degree of freedoms for calendar time, meteorological factors and PM are performed and confirmed the robustness of our results. Conclusion: Our findings provide supporting evidence that meteorological factors and PM might interactively affect childhood asthma, including antagonistic interaction between temperature and PM and synergistic interaction between air pressure and PM.
Critical Time Intervention to Facilitate Exiting Sex Work: Lessons Learned From a Fidelity Assessment
Authors: Perri Melissa , Shareck Martine , Buhariwala Pearl , Hassan Maha , O’Campo Patricia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
IntroductionIndividuals who engage with sex work face barriers to maintaining overall health and well-being such as criminalization, stigmatization, and violence. An emerging approach to facilitating exiting sex work for individuals is through programs applying the Critical Time Intervention (CTI) model. CTI represents a time-limited practice that supports vulnerable individuals during periods of transition. The objectives of this study were to apply an existing CTI fidelity assessment to the sex work exiting program Exit Doors Here (EDH) to (1) report on the program’s fidelity and (2) discuss the effectiveness of CTI for supporting these groups. MethodsTo determine the applicability to the EDH of an existing fidelity assessment tool, we consulted with program staff through in person meetings. Staff highlighted areas for adaptation. We adapted the tool based on this feedback and used it to assess program fidelity by analyzing data from 8 participants’ CTI notes. Fidelity ratings were computed and interpreted according to established guidelines. ResultsConsultations with program staff resulted in adaptations to seven items out of the 12 comprising the fidelity assessment tool. The majority of adaptations surrounded the time-limited nature of CTI and unique needs of the program participants. In regards to the fidelity assessment using the adapted tool, half of the items were ideally implemented, one was well implemented, one was fairly implemented and two were respectively found to be poorly implemented and not implemented at all. Conclusions Difficulties in implementing selected program components with high fidelity can be attributed to specificities of the target population and to contextual factors, which are hard to control from a staff and program standpoint. This assessment reiterates the importance of considering such factors when developing and implementing programs aimed at improving the health and well-being of marginalized women such as those who engage in sex work.