bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic effects over formation of functional thermoplastic elastomers for rocket propellants
Authors: Lucio Beatriz , de la Fuente José Luis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRheometry was the main method to characterize the curing process of binders made of functional polyurethanes (PUs). The macroglycols characterization by means of additional techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, size exclusion chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry, provided further information for the chemorheological description. Materials were based on Butacene ((ferrocenylbutyl)dimethylsilane grafted to hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)), used in the solid propulsion field. First, the flow parameters for the uncured reactive mixtures of Butacene and four different diisocyanates were analyzed via viscometry and these were markedly influenced by the chemical structure of the curing agents. Analyzing the rheokinetic constant values of the pre‐gel stage for Butacene‐ and HTPB‐reactive systems, relevant catalysis caused by the ferrocene moiety was detected when aliphatic reactants were used, such as isophorone diisocyanate or 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate (IPDI and HMDI, respectively). No catalytic effect was found for 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate (2,4‐TDI) or even for 4,4′‐methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (4,4′‐MDI). Finally, the use of dynamic rheology was useful to evaluate the critical points during gelation process, where the reactivity of curing agents was associated with the achievement of elastic properties. Both techniques agreed the reactivity order of curing agents with Butacene, which is 4,4′‐MDI > HMDI > > 2,4‐TDI ≥ IPDI. The knowledge of the structure–reactivity relationship and, moreover, the kinetics of the urethane network formation for these metallo‐PUs is paramount in manufacturing processes for advanced thermoplastic elastomer applications.
Investigation of the Thermal Field on Solid Propellant Grain with Cracks by Moving Particle Semi‐Implicit Method
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Jianqiang , Zhang Xiaobing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnder extreme operating conditions in gun barrel like high pressure and high temperature, fracture or cracks may propagate on solid propellant grains and become a threat to firing safety. The existence and the propagation of cracks will affect the combustion efficiency of solid propellant, and the thermal field of grain with cracks needs to be simulated. In this paper, we applied one of the Particle Methods, Moving Particle Semi‐implicit Method, to the investigation of the thermal field on solid propellant grain with cracks. An improved MPS operator is first introduced and the treatment on crack boundary including Robin boundary condition is also presented. The application of particle method to heat conduction is verified by the simulation of a seven‐perforated propellant grain under fixed temperature. Then, with different properties of cracks like the length, the number and the boundary conditions, the thermal field distribution of propellant grain and heat transfer efficiency are compared and analyzed.
Postsynthetic Modification of Mixed‐Ligand Metal‐Organic Gels for Adsorbing Nonpolar Organic Solvents
Authors: Xu Meng‐Ying , Wang Tian‐Xiong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMetal‐organic gels (MOGs) with different central metals, Al‐ATA were synthesized by using 3‐[4‐(2,4‐dioxopentan‐3‐yl) phenyl]pentane‐2,4‐dione (PDA) and 2‐aminoterephthalic acid (H2ATA) as co‐ligands. Through the post‐synthetic modification (PSM) of perfluorooctanoyl chloride, Al‐ATA‐F with hydrophobic functional groups on both the pore and surface were obtained. It was characterized by NMR that the content of ATA in the modified gel was almost 33 times that of PDA, and the amidation substituent ratio was about 20 %. The Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) specific surface area of the modified materials increases significantly, because many microporous are formed. Al‐ATA‐F is superhydrophobic despite its poor amidation yield. The hydrophobicity helps it having good adsorption effect on oil solvent.
Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Chelation‐Induced C(sp2)‐H Acylation of (Hetero)Arenes Using Toluenes as Aroyl Surrogate
Authors: Joshi Asha , Iqbal Zafar , Jat Jawahar L. , De Saroj R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the last few years, transition‐metal‐catalyzed chelation‐controlled ortho‐acylation utilizing methyl arene as the acyl partner has emerged as a powerful technique to achieve diverse complexity with diaryl ketone skeleton contrast to the traditional cross‐coupling/Friedel‐Craft reaction. Diaryl ketones are a significant building block that exists in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, natural products, functional materials, and many other useful compounds. In this context, the up‐to‐date developments in Pd(II)‐catalyzed ortho‐acylations of arenes and heteroarenes with toluenes as acyl surrogate are studied with advantages, limitations, mechanistic pathways, and prospective.
Design and Synthesis of Triphenylamine Based Cyano Stilbenes for Picric Acid Sensing and Two Photon Absorption Applications
Authors: Shabashini Arivalagan , Ramar Venkadeshkumar , Karthikeyan Balasubramanian , Panda Manas K , Nandi Ganesh Chandra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThree cyanostilbene derivatives bearing a triphenylamine donor and cyano receptor are synthesized and characterized. The molecules exhibited characteristics solvatochromism. The bromo‐derivatives able to sense the explosive picric acid selectively with an excellent naked eye detection limit of 1×10−11 M. Furthermore, the bromo‐derivative showed brilliant non‐linear optical properties.
The Development of Vaccines from Synthetic Tumor‐Associated Mucin Glycopeptides and their Glycosylation‐Dependent Immune Response
Authors: Stergiou Natascha , Urschbach Moritz , Gabba Adele , Schmitt Edgar , Kunz Horst , Besenius Pol 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTumor‐associated carbohydrate antigens are overexpressed as altered‐self in most common epithelial cancers. Their glycosylation patterns differ from those of healthy cells, functioning as an ID for cancer cells. Scientists have been developing anti‐cancer vaccines based on mucin glycopeptides, yet the interplay of delivery system, adjuvant and tumor associated MUC epitopes in the induced immune response is not well understood. The current state of the art suggests that the identity, abundancy and location of the glycans on the MUC backbone are all key parameters in the cellular and humoral response. This review shares lessons learned by us in over two decades of research in glycopeptide vaccines. By bridging synthetic chemistry and immunology, we discuss efforts in designing synthetic MUC1/4/16 vaccines and focus on the role of glycosylation patterns. We provide a brief introduction into the mechanisms of the immune system and aim to promote the development of cancer subunit vaccines.
Changing Attitudes to Housing and Residential Location in Cities: The Cultural Clash and the Greyfield Solution
Authors: Newton Peter W. , Newman Peter W. G. , Glackin Stephen , Thomson Giles 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores changes in attitudes and preferences—in other words, the underlying demand—for different types and locations of housing in Australia’s largest cities. Until recently, housing preferences have strongly favoured detached housing and low-density urban settings. This is now changing. This section reports on data from a major household survey that examined the attitudes of resident property owners in the middle suburbs of Sydney and Melbourne to neighbourhood change and medium-density housing development. It examines household preferences and trade-offs related to different ‘living arrangements’ (dwelling and location combinations) and attitudes to lot amalgamation and bottom-up redevelopment between neighbours. The survey identified clear shifts in ‘living arrangement’ priorities in the major capital cities that now reveal equivalent preferences for medium-density housing in established areas with good public transport versus detached housing in car-dependent suburbs.It highlights the lag in supply-side response by the property-development and building industries, as well as the missed steps by metropolitan and municipal governments in strategic planning and rezoning of established suburban greyfield precincts to accommodate medium-density housing at scale: in essence, GPR.
A cooperative mobile robot and manipulator system (Co-MRMS) for transport and lay-up of fibre plies in modern composite material manufacture
Authors: Yang Manman , Yu Leijian , Wong Cuebong , Mineo Carmelo , Yang Erfu , Bomphray Iain , Huang Ruoyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComposite materials are widely used in industry due to their light weight and specific performance. Currently, composite manufacturing mainly relies on manual labour and individual skills, especially in transport and lay-up processes, which are time consuming and prone to errors. As part of a preliminary investigation into the feasibility of deploying autonomous robotics for composite manufacturing, this paper presents a case study that investigates a cooperative mobile robot and manipulator system (Co-MRMS) for material transport and composite lay-up, which mainly comprises a mobile robot, a fixed-base manipulator and a machine vision sub-system. In the proposed system, marker-based and Fourier transform-based machine vision approaches are used to achieve high accuracy capability in localisation and fibre orientation detection respectively. Moreover, a particle-based approach is adopted to model material deformation during manipulation within robotic simulations. As a case study, a vacuum suction-based end-effector model is developed to deal with sagging effects and to quickly evaluate different gripper designs, comprising of an array of multiple suction cups. Comprehensive simulations and physical experiments, conducted with a 6-DOF serial manipulator and a two-wheeled differential drive mobile robot, demonstrate the efficient interaction and high performance of the Co-MRMS for autonomous material transportation, material localisation, fibre orientation detection and grasping of deformable material. Additionally, the experimental results verify that the presented machine vision approach achieves high accuracy in localisation (the root mean square error is 4.04 mm) and fibre orientation detection (the root mean square error is 1.84∘) and enables dealing with uncertainties such as the shape and size of fibre plies.
Sexual selection of conspicuous consumption
Authors: Koliofotis Vaios 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently, a number of papers draw upon ideas from sexual selection and costly signaling theory to argue that conspicuous consumption has evolved as a sexually selected mating strategy. I outline what are considered to be the criteria for arguing that a trait is the outcome of sexual selection and I explore whether conspicuous consumption is sexual adaptation. Though I share the insight that evolutionary theory can contribute to our understanding of consumption behavior, I argue that existing evolutionary explanations of conspicuous consumption do not examine human evolved psychology and available evidence about past environments. I further argue that cultural evolution theory provides an alternative explanation of conspicuous consumption in modern environments. In particular, conspicuous consumption is understood as a pattern of behavior marked by specific social learning mechanisms. Such an approach reflects the analytical tools of cultural evolution theory and provides a classification of cognitive factors involved in consumption choices.
Comparative anatomy of dissected optic lobes, optic ventricles, midbrain tectum, collicular ventricles, and aqueduct: evolutionary modifications as potential explanation for non-tumoral aqueductal anomalies in humans
Authors: Kier E. Leon , Kalra Vivek B. , Conlogue Gerald J. , Filippi Cristopher G. , Saluja Sanjay 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeAn extensive literature has postulated multiple etiologies for aqueductal stenosis. No publications were found, discussing that evolutionary modifications might explain aqueductal anomalies. This study’s objectives were to review the evolutionary modifications of vertebrates’ tectum structures that might explain human aqueduct anomalies. Undertaking vertebrate comparative study is currently not feasible in view of limitations in obtaining vertebrate material. Thus, vertebrate material collected, injected, dissected, and radiographed in the early 1970s was analyzed, focusing on the aqueduct and components of the midbrain tectum.MethodsPhotographs of brain dissections and radiographs of the cerebral ventricles and arteries of adult shark, frog, iguana, rabbit, cat, dog, and primate specimens, containing a barium-gelatin radiopaque compound, were analyzed focusing on the aqueduct, the optic ventricles, the quadrigeminal plate, and collicular ventricles. The anatomic information provided by the dissections and radiographs is not reproducible by any other radiopaque contrast currently available.ResultsDissected and radiographed cerebral ventricular and arterial systems of the vertebrates demonstrated midbrain tectum changes, including relative size modifications of the mammalian components of the tectum, simultaneously with the enlargement of the occipital lobe. There is a transformation of pre-mammalian optic ventricles to what appear to be collicular ventricles in mammals, as the aqueduct and collicular ventricle form a continuous cavity.ConclusionsThe mammalian tectum undergoes an evolutionary cephalization process consisting of relative size changes of the midbrain tectum structures. This is associated with enlargement of the occipital lobe, as part of overall neocortical expansion. Potentially, aqueductal anomalies could be explained by evolutionary modifications.
Imaging functional neuroplasticity in human white matter tracts
Authors: Frizzell Tory O. , Phull Elisha , Khan Mishaa , Song Xiaowei , Grajauskas Lukas A. , Gawryluk Jodie , D’Arcy Ryan C. N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are sensitive to biological mechanisms of neuroplasticity in white matter (WM). In particular, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used to investigate structural changes. Historically, functional MRI (fMRI) neuroplasticity studies have been restricted to gray matter, as fMRI studies have only recently expanded to WM. The current study evaluated WM neuroplasticity pre–post motor training in healthy adults, focusing on motor learning in the non-dominant hand. Neuroplasticity changes were evaluated in two established WM regions-of-interest: the internal capsule and the corpus callosum. Behavioral improvements following training were greater for the non-dominant hand, which corresponded with MRI-based neuroplasticity changes in the internal capsule for DTI fractional anisotropy, fMRI hemodynamic response functions, and low-frequency oscillations (LFOs). In the corpus callosum, MRI-based neuroplasticity changes were detected in LFOs, DTI, and functional correlation tensors (FCT). Taken together, the LFO results converged as significant amplitude reductions, implicating a common underlying mechanism of optimized transmission through altered myelination. The structural and functional neuroplasticity findings open new avenues for direct WM investigations into mapping connectomes and advancing MRI clinical applications.
Investigating mechanisms of cognitive control training: neural signatures of PASAT performance in depressed patients
Authors: Sommer Anja , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Plewnia Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMajor depression disorder (MDD) is characterized by cognitive control (CC) dysfunctions associated with increased attention toward negative information. The paced auditory serial addition task (PASAT) has been used as a targeted training of CC and studies show promising effects on depressive symptoms. However, neural mechanisms underlying its efficacy are still unclear. Based on previous findings of feedback-locked event-related potentials in healthy subjects, we investigated neural signatures during PASAT performance in 46 depressed patients. We found significantly larger amplitudes after negative than positive feedback for the P300 and late positive potential (LPP). However, this difference was not significant for the feedback-related negativity (FRN). Moreover, no associations of valence-specific ERPs and PASAT performance nor depressive symptoms were found. This indicates that depressed patients seem unable to use neural activation in late feedback processing stages (P300, LPP) to adapt accordingly. Moreover, lack of valence-specific neural reaction in early feedback processing stages (FRN) might point toward emotional indifference in depressed patients.Trial registration number: NCT03518749 Date of registration: May 8, 2018.
Comparison of chronic widespread pain prevalence with different criteria in two cohorts of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Aronsson M. , Bergman S. , Lindqvist E. , Andersson M. L. E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to investigate chronic widespread pain with the 1990 (CWP1990) and 2019 (CWP2019) definitions 6 years after the onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in one patient cohort with tight controls and one conventional cohort, and factors associated with reporting CWP1990 and CWP2019, respectively.

Methods
A cohort of 80 RA patients with monthly visits to the physician the first 6 months was compared to a cohort of 101 patients from the same clinic with conventional follow-up. Both cohorts had early RA (< 13 months). The prevalence of CWP1990 and the more stringent CWP2019 were in a 6-year follow-up investigated with a questionnaire, including a pain mannequin and a fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire.

Results
In the tight control cohort, 10% reported CWP2019 after 6 years compared to 23% in the conventional cohort (p = 0.026). There was no difference when using the CWP1990 definition (27% vs 31%, p = 0.546). When adjusted for important baseline data, the odds ratio for having CWP2019 was 2.57 (95% CI 1.02–6.50), in the conventional group compared to the tight control group (p = 0.046). A high level of fear-avoidance behaviour towards physical activity was associated with CWP2019, OR 10.66 (95% CI 1.01–112.14), but not with CWP1990 in the tight control cohort.

Conclusion
A more stringent definition of CWP identifies patients with a more serious pain condition, which potentially could be prevented by an initial tight control management. Besides tight control, caregivers should pay attention to fear-avoidance behaviour and tailor treatment.

Key Points
• CWP2019 is a more stringent definition of chronic widespread pain and identifies patients with a more serious pain condition.
• Patients with a serious pain condition could be helped by frequent follow-ups.
• This study suggests that a special attention of fear-avoidance behaviour towards physical activity in patients with RA is needed.
Video Compression for Screen Recorded Sequences Following Eye Movements
Authors: Serrano-Carrasco Diego Jesus , Diaz-Honrubia Antonio Jesus , Cuenca Pedro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the advent of smartphones and tablets, video traffic on the Internet has increased enormously. With this in mind, in 2013 the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard was released with the aim of reducing the bit rate (at the same quality) by 50% with respect to its predecessor. However, new contents with greater resolutions and requirements appear every day, making it necessary to further reduce the bit rate. Perceptual video coding has recently been recognized as a promising approach to achieving high-performance video compression and eye tracking data can be used to create and verify these models. In this paper, we present a new algorithm for the bit rate reduction of screen recorded sequences based on the visual perception of videos. An eye tracking system is used during the recording to locate the fixation point of the viewer. Then, the area around that point is encoded with the base quantization parameter (QP) value, which increases when moving away from it. The results show that up to 31.3% of the bit rate may be saved when compared with the original HEVC-encoded sequence, without a significant impact on the perceived quality.
Extracerebral microvascular dysfunction is related to brain MRI markers of cerebral small vessel disease: The Maastricht Study
Authors: van Dinther Maud , Schram Miranda T. , Jansen Jacobus F. A. , Backes Walter H. , Houben Alfons J. H. M. , Berendschot Tos T. J. M. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , Staals Julie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a late consequence of cerebral microvascular dysfunction (MVD). MVD is hard to measure in the brain due to its limited accessibility. Extracerebral MVD (eMVD) measures can give insights in the etiology of cerebral MVD, as MVD may be a systemic process. We aim to investigate whether a compound score consisting of several eMVD measures is associated with structural cSVD MRI markers.

Methods
Cross-sectional data of the population-based Maastricht Study was used (n = 1872, mean age 59 ± 8 years, 49% women). Measures of eMVD included flicker light-induced retinal arteriolar and venular dilation response (retina), albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate (kidney), heat-induced skin hyperemia (skin), and plasma biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin, and von Willebrand factor). These measures were standardized into z scores and summarized into a compound score. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between the compound score and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, and the presence of lacunes and microbleeds, as measured by brain MRI.

Results
The eMVD compound score was associated with WMH volume independent of age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors (St β 0.057 [95% CI 0.010–0.081], p value 0.01), but not with the presence of lacunes (OR 1.011 [95% CI 0.803–1.273], p value 0.92) or microbleeds (OR 1.055 [95% CI 0.896–1.242], p value 0.52).

Conclusion
A compound score of eMVD is associated with WMH volume. Further research is needed to expand the knowledge about the role of systemic MVD in the pathophysiology of cSVD.
Robot swarm democracy: the importance of informed individuals against zealots
Authors: Masi Giulia De , Prasetyo Judhi , Zakir Raina , Mankovskii Nikita , Ferrante Eliseo , Tuci Elio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study a generalized case of best-of-n model, which considers three kind of agents: zealots, individuals who remain stubborn and do not change their opinion; informed agents, individuals that can change their opinion, are able to assess the quality of the different options; and uninformed agents, individuals that can change their opinion but are not able to assess the quality of the different opinions. We study the consensus in different regimes: we vary the quality of the options, the percentage of zealots and the percentage of informed versus uninformed agents. We also consider two decision mechanisms: the voter and majority rule. We study this problem using numerical simulations and mathematical models, and we validate our findings on physical kilobot experiments. We find that (1) if the number of zealots for the lowest quality option is not too high, the decision-making process is driven toward the highest quality option; (2) this effect can be improved increasing the number of informed agents that can counteract the effect of adverse zealots; (3) when the two options have very similar qualities, in order to keep high consensus to the best quality it is necessary to have higher proportions of informed agents.