bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Touching tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in low‐risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) correlate with upgrading to high‐grade DCIS
Authors: Khoury Thaer , Quinn Marie , Tian Wanqing , Yan Li , Zhan Haiying 
Published: August 2021

AimsTo examine our hypothesis that a higher number of touching tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in low‐risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) detected in a setting such as an active surveillance clinical trial correlates with upgrading to high‐grade DCIS (HG‐DCIS) in the subsequent excisional biopsy.Methods and resultsThe clinical inclusion criteria of the Comparison of Operative versus Monitoring and Endocrine Therapy (COMET) trial were applied to women who were mammographically screened between 2007 and 2017. In the core needle biopsy, touching TILs were assessed by counting the number of TILs touching the ductal basement membrane or away from it by one lymphocyte thickness. The highest number of TILs around a single involved duct and the average number among involved ducts were recorded. DCIS was graded as low or intermediate. Twenty‐six of 129 (20.2%) cases had upgrading [14 (10.9%) to pure HG‐DCIS, and 12 (9.3%) to invasive carcinoma, two of them with concurrent HG‐DCIS]. An increased average number of touching TILs and intermediate‐grade DCIS correlated with upgrading to HG‐DCIS in 11 of 16 (68.8%) cases, and a decreased average number of touching TILs and low‐grade DCIS correlated with no upgrading in 89 of 113 (78.8%) cases [accuracy of 0.775; area under the curve (AUC) of 0.746]. An increased highest number of touching TILs and intermediate‐grade DCIS correlated with upgrading to HG‐DCIS in 12 of 16 (75%) cases, and a decreased highest number of touching TILs and low‐grade DCIS correlated with no upgrading in 82 of 113 (72.6%) cases (accuracy of 0.7287; AUC of 0.734). A highest number of touching TILs of ≥10 correlated with upgrading to invasive carcinoma and/or HG‐DCIS (P = 0.018).ConclusionsIntermediate‐grade and touching TILs may be good variables to examine in the COMET trial and to correlate with the risk of upgrading.
European Society of Endodontology position statement: The restoration of root filled teeth
Authors:   European Society of Endodontology developed by:, Mannocci Francesco , Bhuva Bhavin , Roig Miguel , Zarow Maciej , Bitter Kerstin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis position statement on the restoration of root filled teeth represents the consensus of an expert committee, convened by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE). Current clinical and scientific evidence, as well as the expertise of the committee, have been used to develop this statement. The aim is to provide clinicians with evidence‐based principles for decision‐making on the choice of restoration following the completion of root canal treatment. By discussing the evidence in relation to key topics regarding post‐endodontic restoration, a series of clinical recommendations are made. The scientific basis of the recommendations made in this paper can be found in a recently published review article (Bhuva et al. 2021, International Endodontic Journal, https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13438). It is the intention of the committee to update this statement as further evidence emerges.
Long‐term chronological changes in renal function and functional renal volume after nephron‐sparing surgery: A prospective observational study
Authors: Onishi Kenta , Tanaka Nobumichi , Hori Shunta , Miyake Makito , Nakai Yasushi , Anai Satoshi , Hosokawa Yukinari , Mibu Hisakazu , Marugami Nagaaki , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate long‐term chronological changes in functional renal volume and renal function after nephron‐sparing surgery, and factors that contribute to the progression of postoperative chronic kidney disease.MethodsA total of 80 patients who underwent nephron‐sparing surgery were enrolled in this prospective observational study. The renal function deterioration group was defined as patients whose estimated glomerular filtration rate at 5 postoperative years decreased by ≥20% relative to that before surgery.ResultsThe predicted estimated glomerular filtration rate, calculated based on the functional renal volume at 5 postoperative years, was strongly correlated with the postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (Spearman’s ρ = 0.89, P < 0.001). The rate of new‐onset stage IIIb chronic kidney disease was significantly higher in the renal function deterioration group than in the stable renal function group (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified proteinuria (P = 0.017), small preoperative total functional renal volume (≤250 mL, P = 0.046) and large tumor volume (≥4.5 mL, P = 0.036) as independent factors associated with renal function deterioration.ConclusionsOur findings show that the functional renal volume is significantly associated with renal function, even in the long‐term postoperative period. Additionally, for patients with preoperative proteinuria, large tumor volume and small total preoperative functional renal volume, both oncological follow ups and medical interventions, including prevention of lifestyle‐related diseases, might prevent the progression of chronic kidney disease.
Effect and safety evaluation of tacrolimus and tripterygium glycosides combined therapy in treatment of Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis
Authors: Zhang Huiwu , Li Xiuli , Xu Haiping , Ran Fang , Zhao Guoxia 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveHenoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis has become a significant threat to children's health. Traditional combined therapy of glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide leads to severe toxicity and complications. Therefore, identifying a feasible and effective strategy with low side‐effects for the treatment of Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis is of great significance.MethodsA randomized, controlled trial was carried out. A total of 279 children with Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: control group (receiving the current standard therapy), TA group (receiving tacrolimus) and TA + tripterygium glycosides group (receiving tacrolimus + tripterygium treatment). The total duration of the trial was 6 months, and the duration of follow‐up observation was 9 months.ResultsVarious therapies showed similar therapeutic effects in the third and sixth months. The relief of Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis symptoms caused by TA + tripterygium glycosides was slower than the TA and control groups. The incidence of adverse reactions in the TA + tripterygium glycosides group was lower in the control and TA groups. The final treatment effect of the experimental groups was better than the control group. The recurrence rate in the TA + tripterygium glycosides group was also significantly lower.ConclusionTacrolimus and tripterygium glycosides combined therapy had better effects and safety for long‐term treatment of Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis.
Comparison of disease‐specific quality of life in prostate cancer patients treated with low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy: A randomized controlled trial of silodosin versus naftopidil
Authors: Maesaka Fumisato , Tanaka Nobumichi , Nakai Yasushi , Asakawa Isao , Tomizawa Mitsuru , Owari Takuya , Miyake Makito , Anai Satoshi , Yamaki Kaori , Fujii Tomomi , Hasegawa Masatoshi , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo compare the effects of naftopidil and silodosin administration on the quality of life of patients with prostate cancer who underwent low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy.MethodsIn total, 141 men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer who were treated with low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy were enrolled. Patients were randomized (1:1) to the naftopidil (75 mg/day, n = 63) or silodosin group (8 mg/day, n = 64). Naftopidil and silodosin were administered 1 day after low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy, and were continued for at least 3 months. Using the University of California at Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index and Sexual Health Inventory for Men scores, the mean changes and rates of deterioration from baseline were compared. The deterioration rates in the quality of life of patients at 1 and 3 months after low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy were evaluated based on the minimal important difference.ResultsThe rates of deterioration from baseline to 1 and 3 months after low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy were not significantly different between the two groups in terms of urinary function, urinary bother, bowel bother, sexual function or Sexual Health Inventory for Men scores. In contrast, there were significant differences in bowel function (naftopidil 1 month, 52%; 3 months, 52%; silodosin 1 month, 28%; 3 months, 34%; 1 month, P < 0.01; 3 months, P = 0.048) and sexual bother (naftopidil 3 months, 11%; silodosin 3 months, 29%; P = 0.01).ConclusionsNaftopidil and silodosin provide different disease‐specific quality of life outcomes in patients undergoing, especially in terms of bowel function and sexual bother. These findings can help in the selection of α‐1 adrenoceptor antagonists after low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy.
Financial investments and commodity prices
Authors: Liu Peng , Qiu Zhigang , Xu David Xiaoyu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we show that financial investments dilute the relationship between convenience yields (a proxy for fundamentals) and commodity prices. On average, the explanatory power of convenience yields on the movements of commodity prices decreased from 63% to 33% after 2004, when institutional investors rapidly started building their positions in commodity futures. We develop a model of the commodity market with financial investments and test the model predictions using futures prices of 21 US‐traded commodities and index traders' positions on 12 agricultural commodities. Because of correlated financial demands for different commodity futures, we identify comovements in spot prices for fundamentally independent commodities.
The application of umbilical cord‐derived MSCs in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Chen Yueqiu , Shen Han , Ding Yinglong , Yu You , Shao Lianbo , Shen Zhenya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransplantation of stem cells is a promising, emerging treatment for cardiovascular diseases in the modern era. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the umbilical cord are one of the most promising cell sources because of their capacity for differentiation into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro/in vivo. In addition, umbilical cord‐derived MSCs (UC‐MSCs) secrete many effective molecules regulating apoptosis, fibrosis and neovascularization. Another important and specific characteristic of UC‐MSCs is their low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory properties. However, the application of UC‐MSCs still faces some challenges, such as low survivability and tissue retention in a harmful disease environment. Gene engineering and pharmacological studies have been implemented to overcome these difficulties. In this review, we summarize the differentiation ability, secretion function, immunoregulatory properties and preclinical/clinical studies of UC‐MSCs, highlighting the advantages of UC‐MSCs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Mitonuclear conflict in a macaque species exhibiting phylogenomic discordance
Authors: Bailey Nick P. , Stevison Laurie S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpeciation and hybridization are intertwined processes in the study of evolution. Hybridization between sufficiently diverged populations can result in genomic conflict within offspring, causing reduced viability and fertility, thus increasing divergence between populations. Conflicts between mitochondrial and nuclear genes are increasingly found to play a role in this process in various systems. We examine the possibility of this conflict in the bear macaque, Macaca arctoides (Primates: Cercopithecidae), a primate species exhibiting mitonuclear discordance due to extensive hybridization with species in the sinica and fascicularis groups. Here, divergence, introgression and natural selection of mitonuclear genes (N = 160) relative to nuclear control genes (N = 144) were analysed to determine whether there are evolutionary processes involved in resolving the potential conflict caused by mitonuclear discordance. Nucleotide divergence of mitonuclear genes is increased relative to control nuclear genes between M. arctoides and the species sharing its nuclear ancestry (p = 0.007), consistent with genetic conflict. However, measures of introgression and selection do not identify large‐scale co‐introgression or co‐evolution as means to resolve mitonuclear conflict. Nonetheless, mitochondrial tRNA synthetases stand out in analyses using dN/dS and extended branch lengths as potential targets of selection. The methodology implemented provides a framework that can be used to examine the effects of mitonuclear co‐introgression and co‐evolution on a genomic scale in a variety of systems.
Exosome miR‐134‐5p restrains breast cancer progression via regulating PI3K/AKT pathway by targeting ARHGAP1
Authors: Yang Chao , Zhang Geng , Zhang Yanshou , Zhang Shuo , Li Jingping , Liu Yunjiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimExosomes has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cancer progression. However, the role of exosome miR‐134‐5p in breast cancer (BC) progression is unclear.MethodsExosomes were extracted from BC cells (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231) using differential centrifugation and were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The protein levels of exosome markers, apoptosis markers, Rho GTPase activating protein 1 (ARHGAP1, an important oncogene in BC) and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) markers were detected by western blot (WB) assay. Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to measure the expression levels of miR‐134‐5p and ARHGAP1. Cell cycle and apoptosis, colony number, viability, migration, and invasion were determined by flow cytometry, colony formation assay, MTT assay, and transwell assay, respectively. The interaction between miR‐134‐5p and ARHGAP1 was confirmed using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Xenograft models were constructed to verify the role of exosome miR‐134‐5p in BC tumor growth in vivo.ResultsMiR‐134‐5p was lowly expressed in BC cells and in the exosomes of BC cells. Overexpressed exosome miR‐134‐5p suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted the apoptosis of BC cells. ARHGAP1 was a target of miR‐134‐5p, and its silencing could inhibit BC progression. In addition, ARHGAP1 overexpression could reverse the negative regulation of miR‐134‐5p on BC progression. MiR‐134‐5p could target ARHGAP1 to inhibit the activity of PI3K/AKT pathway. Exosome miR‐134‐5p overexpression could suppress BC tumor growth via targeting ARHGAP1 in vivo.ConclusionExosome miR‐134‐5p restrained BC progression through regulating ARHGAP1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that miR‐134‐5p might be a therapeutic target for BC.
Endocrowns Clinical Performance and Patient Satisfaction: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Three Monolithic Ceramic Restorations
Authors: El‐Ma'aita Ahmad , A. Al‐Rabab'ah Mohammad , Abu‐Awwad Motasum , Hattar Susan , Devlin Hugh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this randomized, double‐blind, clinical trial was to assess the survival of endocrowns made from three different monolithic ceramic materials, and to evaluate patient satisfaction.Materials and MethodsFifty‐three patients (sixty root canal treated molar teeth) were enrolled. Teeth were prepared to a flat butt‐joint margin and randomly divided between three material groups: lithium disilicate‐reinforced glass‐ceramic, monolithic zirconia and polymer infiltrated hybrid ceramic. Predefined cementation protocols were used. Clinical assessment using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria was carried out after two years by two independent clinicians blinded to the material used. Radiographic examination was conducted to check for the presence of caries, excess cement, and periapical infection. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests as well as the Kaplan‐Meier survival estimate.ResultsForty‐eight patients were available for assessment after 2 years (recall rate 90.6%). The overall Kaplan‐Meier survival estimate among all groups was 90.9% with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.17). Three zirconia endocrowns debonded after 9, 10 and 13 months (82.4% survival rate), while 2 hybrid ceramic endocrowns chipped/fractured (89.5% survival rate). Lithium disilicate endocrowns had a 100% survival rate. The Kruskal Wallis test revealed no statistically significant difference between the groups in the USPHS criteria ratings and the radiographic assessment (P>0.05). Patient satisfaction ranged from 82.3% in the zirconia group to 100% in both the lithium disilicate and hybrid ceramic groups.ConclusionsEndocrowns provide a predictable option for the restoration of endodontically treated molar teeth in the short term. Lithium disilicate‐reinforced ceramic had fewer complications and required less intervention compared with zirconia and hybrid ceramics. Long‐term follow‐up is required to substantiate these study results.
Feasibility and use of a transition process planning and communication tool among multiple subspecialties within a pediatric health system
Authors: Mulchan Siddika S. , Hinderer Katherine A. , Walsh Jennifer , McCool Ashley , Becker Jamie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeAn emerging need to improve health care transition planning has developed worldwide as more youth with special health care needs are surviving to adulthood. Nurses have been instrumental in facilitating transition planning and supporting youth throughout this process. While various transition tools have been developed, health professionals' utilization and perception of these tools have yet to be explored. Furthermore, there are no universally‐accepted documentation tools for transition planning. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a transition process planning and communication tool to facilitate transition planning among multiple, pediatric subspecialties within a system‐wide transition program.Design and MethodsThis project was a cross‐sectional quality improvement initiative. Eligible encounters in the electronic medical record (N = 20,645) were obtained from 38 subspecialty clinics at a large, freestanding pediatric health system. Transition planning documentation was monitored for 8 months pre‐implementation and 14 months post‐implementation of the tool. Health professionals (N = 89) completed a survey to assess the tool's feasibility.ResultsImplementation of the tool was feasible and corresponded with increased transition planning documentation post‐implementation. Nurses represented 33% of the sample that utilized the tool. Survey results revealed barriers to documentation and utilization of the tool, along with strategies for improvement.Practice ImplicationsThis study demonstrates that health professionals, especially pediatric nurses and nurse practitioners, are willing to adopt new, electronic documentation tools to enhance multidisciplinary transition planning consistent with best practices. Future studies should address identified barriers, assess the effectiveness of the tool on improving transition outcomes, and consider implications for integration into global health care models. System‐wide implementation of such tools may improve multidisciplinary communication and coordination of care for youth with special health care needs.
Characterizing environmental stress responses of aposymbioticAstrangia poculatato divergent thermal challenges
Authors: Wuitchik Daniel M. , Almanzar Adeline , Benson Brooke E. , Brennan Sara , Chavez Juan D. , Liesegang Mary B. , Reavis Jennifer L. , Reyes Christopher L. , Schniedewind Mikaela K. , Trumble Isabela F. , Davies Sarah W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change threatens corals globally and both high and low temperatures are known to induce coral bleaching. However, coral stress responses across wide thermal breadths remain understudied. Disentangling the role of symbiosis on the stress response in obligately symbiotic corals is challenging because this response is inherently coupled with nutritional stress. Here, we leverage aposymbiotic colonies of the facultatively symbiotic coral,Astrangia poculata, which lives naturally with and without its algal symbionts, to examine how broad thermal challenges influence coral hosts in the absence of symbiosis.A.poculatawere collected from their northern range limit and thermally challenged in two independent 16‐day common garden experiments (heat and cold challenge) and behavioural responses to food stimuli and genome‐wide gene expression profiling (TagSeq) were performed. Both thermal challenges elicited significant reductions in polyp extension. However, there were five times as many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under cold challenge compared to heat challenge. Despite an overall stronger response to cold challenge, there was significant overlap in DEGs between thermal challenges. We contrasted these responses to a previously identified module of genes associated with the environmental stress response (ESR) in tropical reef‐building corals. Cold challenged corals exhibited a pattern consistent with more severe stressors while the heat challenge response was consistent with lower intensity stressors. Given that these responses were observed in aposymbiotic colonies, many genes previously implicated in ESRs in tropical symbiotic species may represent the coral host's stress response in or out of symbiosis.
Nonsurgical weight loss interventions: A systematic review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Twells Laurie K. , Harris Walsh Kristin , Blackmore Alicia , Adey Tanis , Donnan Jennifer , Peddle Justin , Ryan Devonne , Farrell Alison , Nguyen Hai , Gao Zhiwei , Pace Dave 
Published: August 2021

SummaryAccess to bariatric surgery to treat obesity is limited and has long wait times. Many adults are seeking nonsurgical weight loss support. Our study objective was to conduct a systematic review of nonsurgical weight loss interventions. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and the CochraneLibrary were searched. Inclusion criteria were adults 18 + with a BMI > 25 enrolled in minimum a 3‐month nonsurgical weight loss intervention. Studies were independently extracted and assessed for quality using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2). Pooled analyses were extracted, graded for evidence quality, and summarized. A total of 1065 studies were assessed for eligibility; 815 screened and 236 full‐texts assessed. Sixty‐four meta‐analyses met eligibility criteria: 1180 RCTs with 184,605 study participants. Studies were categorized as diets (n = 13), combination therapies (n = 10), alternative (n = 16), technology (n = 10), behavioral (n = 5), physical activity (n = 6), and pharmacotherapy (n = 3). In 80% of studies, significant weight losses were reported ranging from 0.34–8.73 k in favor of the intervention. The most effective nonsurgical weight loss interventions were diets, either low‐carbohydrate or low‐fat diets, followed for 6 months; combination therapy including meal replacements plus enhanced support; and pharmacotherapy followed for 12 months. Although significant weight losses were reported for other types of interventions such as physical activity and technology, the majority of studies reported weight losses less than 2 kgs.