bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melanoma treatment via non-specific adhesion of cancer cells using charged nano-clays in pre-clinical studies
Authors: Abduljauwad Sahel N. , Ahmed Habib-ur-Rehman , Moy Vincent T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe incidence of malignant melanoma has rapidly increased in the last two decades. There are many challenges associated with the current conventional therapies, including tumour size and location, the specificity of treatments, tumour resistance, non-mutually exclusive mutations, drug resistance, and many adverse side effects. Due to conventional therapies having several limitations, we have explored an alternative therapy such as nano-clays; nano-sized natural materials originating from clay fraction of the soil. Recently, clay nanoparticles have increasingly been used as a drug carrier for cancer treatment due to their high absorption, ability to engulf microbes, and low toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a nano-clays mix on melanoma cell proliferation and cell viability in vitro and melanoma growth in vivo xenograft animal model. The in vitro study revealed that nano-clay treatments significantly reduced melanoma cell proliferation and cell viability in a dosage-dependent manner. The in vivo tumour xenograft model demonstrated that nano-clay mix treatment led to significantly reduced tumour size and weight, decreased tumour cell mitosis, and induced tumour necrosis. These processes owe to the most probable changes in the membrane potential of the cancer cells once nano-clays bind with the former through the high non-specific adhesion characteristic of the cancer cells. As the data suggest an important role of nano-clays as an inhibitor of melanoma cell proliferation and survival, these prove to be a natural and effective medicine for the treatment of melanoma. The proven compatibility of nano-clays with the human cells with little side-effects makes them a highly preferred choice for the treatment of melanoma and probably other types of cancers.
Ecophysiological traits differentially modulate secondary metabolite accumulation and antioxidant properties of tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]
Authors: Hazra Anjan , Saha Shrutakirti , Dasgupta Nirjhar , Kumar Rakesh , Sengupta Chandan , Das Sauren 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOwing to the diverse growing habitats, ecophysiology might have a regulatory impact on characteristic chemical components of tea plant. This study aimed to explore natural variations in the ecophysiological traits within seasons and the corresponding multifaceted biochemical responses given by the gene pool of 22 tea cultivars. Leaf temperature and intercellular carbon concentration (Ci), which varies as a function of transpiration and net photosynthesis respectively, have significant impact on the biochemical traits of the leaf. Occurrence of H2O2, in leaves, was associated to Ci that in turn influenced the lipid peroxidation. With the increment of Ci, total phenolics, epicatechin gallate (ECG), reducing power, and radical scavenging activity is lowered but total catechin and non-gallylated catechin derivatives (e.g. epicatechin or EC, epigallocatechin or EGC) are elevated. Leaf temperature is concomitantly associated (p ≤ 0.01) with phenolics, flavonoids, proanthocyanidin, tannin content, reducing power, iron chelation and free radical scavenging activities. Increased phenolic concentration in leaf cells, conceivably inhibit photosynthesis and moreover, gallic acid, thereafter conjugated to catechin derivatives. This study shed light on the fundamental information regarding ecophysiological impact on the quality determining biochemical characteristics of tea, which on further validation, might ascertain the genotype selection paradigm toward climate smart cultivation.
Symptoms and pathogens diversity of Corn Fusarium sheath rot in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Bo , Sun Xiaofang , Qi Xiaobo , Zhao Conghao , Chang Xiaoli , Khaskheli Muhammad Ibrahim , Gong Guoshu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo elucidate the symptoms and pathogens diversity of corn Fusarium sheath rot (CFSR), diseased samples were collected from 21 county-level regions in 12 prefecture-level districts of Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2018 in the present study. In the field, two symptom types appeared including small black spots with a linear distribution and wet blotches with a tawny or brown color. One hundred thirty-seven Fusarium isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis (EF1-α), and Koch’s postulates were also assessed. The results identified the isolates as 8 species in the Fusarium genus, including F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. fujikuroi, F. asiaticum, F. equiseti, F. meridionale, F. graminearum and F. oxysporum, with isolation frequencies of 30.00, 22.67, 15.33, 7.33, 6.00, 5.33, 3.33 and 1.33%, respectively. Fusariumverticillioides and F. proliferatum were the dominant and subdominant species, respectively. Two or more Fusarium species such as F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum were simultaneously identified at a mixed infection rate of 14.67% in the present study. The pathogenicity test results showed that F. proliferatum and F. fujikuroi exhibited the highest virulence, with average disease indices of 30.28 ± 2.87 and 28.06 ± 1.96, followed by F. equiseti and F. verticillioides, with disease indices of 21.48 ± 2.14 and 16.21 ± 1.84, respectively. Fusarium asiaticum, F. graminearum and F. meridonale showed lower virulence, with disease indices of 13.80 ± 2.07, 11.57 ± 2.40 and 13.89 ± 2.49, respectively. Finally, F. orysporum presented the lowest virulence in CFSR, with a disease index of 10.14 ± 1.20. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. fujikuroi, F. meridionale and F. asiaticum as CFSR pathogens in China.
Chemical and thermal stabilization of CotA laccase via a novel one-step expression and immobilization in muNS-Mi nanospheres
Authors: Pose-Boirazian Tomás , Eibes Gemma , Barreiro-Piñeiro Natalia , Díaz-Jullien Cristina , Lema Juan M. , Martínez-Costas Jose 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA methodology that programs eukaryotic or bacterial cells to encapsulate proteins of any kind inside micro/nanospheres formed by muNS-Mi viral protein was developed in our laboratory. In the present study such “in cellulo” encapsulation technology is utilized for immobilizing a protein with an enzymatic activity of industrial interest, CotA laccase. The encapsulation facilitates its purification, resulting in a cost-effective, one-step way of producing immobilized enzymes for industrial use. In addition to the ability to be recycled without activity loss, the encapsulated protein showed an increased pH working range and high resistance to chemical inactivation. Also, its activity was almost unaffected after 30 min incubation at 90 °C and 15 min at the almost-boiling temperature of 95 °C. Furthermore, the encapsulated laccase was able to efficiently decolorate the recalcitrant dye RB19 at room temperature.
Transformation and functional verification of Cry5Aa in cotton
Authors: Zhao Shihao , Wang Feng , Zhang Qiuping , Zou Jiayi , Xie Zhangshu , Li Kan , Li Jingyi , Li Bo , He Wen , Chen Jinxiang , He Yunxin , Zhou Zhonghua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMost of the cotton bollworm-resistant genes applied in cotton are more than 20 years and they all belong to Cry1Ab/c family, but the insect-resistant effects of Cry5Aa on cotton were rarely reported. The possible risk of resistance is increasing. The study synthesized a novel bollworm-resistant gene Cry5Aa artificially based on preferences of cotton codon. The new gene was transferred to cotton through the method of pollen tube pathway. The transgenic strains were identified by kanamycin test in field and laboratory PCR analysis. Meanwhile, an insect resistance test was conducted by artificial bollworm feeding with transgenic leaves and GK19 was used as a control in this study. Results showed that rate of positive transgenic strains with kanamycin resistance in the first generation (T1), the second generation (T2) and the third generation (T3) respectively were 7.76%, 73.1% and 95.5%. However, PCR analysis showed that the positive strain rate in T1, T2 and T3 were 2.35%, 55.8% and 94.5%, respectively. The resistant assay of cotton bollworm showed that the mortality rate of the second, third and fourth instar larva feed by the transgenic cotton leaves, were 85.42%, 73.35% and 62.79%, respectively. There was a significant difference between transgenic plant of Cry5Aa and GK19 in insect resistance. Finally, we also conducted the further analysis of gene expression patterns, gene flow and the effect on non-target pest in the study. The results showed that Cry5Aa gene had less environmental impact, and Cry5Aa has been transferred successfully and expressed stably in cotton. Therefore, the novel bollworm resistance gene can partially replace the current insect-resistance gene of Lepidoptera insects.
Periodontal evaluation of palatally impacted maxillary canines treated by closed approach with ultrasonic surgery and orthodontic treatment: a retrospective pilot study
Authors: Grenga Camilla , Guarnieri Rosanna , Grenga Vittorio , Bovi Mauro , Bertoldo Serena , Galluccio Gabriella , Di Giorgio Roberto , Barbato Ersilia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAim of this study is the evaluation of the periodontal status of impacted canines treated by closed approach with ultrasonic surgery and orthodontic treatment compared with contralateral spontaneously erupted teeth. The periodontal conditions of the teeth adjacent to the canines (lateral incisors and first premolar) were also considered. 17 patients (9 females and 8 males; mean age: 15.2 years) with unilateral palatal impaction of maxillary canine were selected. All patients were treated by closed-flap surgery with ultrasonic instruments. Periodontal status was evaluated by assessing probing depth (PD), gingival recession and width of keratinized tissue (KT) 4.6 months after the end of the orthodontic treatment, on average. Test group was composed by impacted elements and adjacent teeth and control group by contralateral spontaneously erupted canines and adjacent teeth. Student's t-test was used to compare test and control group values of PD and width of KT. Significance threshold for Student's t-test was set at p < 0.05. The average probing depth values show no significant clinical differences between the test and control groups. Probing depths recorded at the mesiovestibular and distopalatal sides of the impacted canine were statistically significant compared to the control elements (p < 0.05). No gingival recession was detected on the treated canines. The measurement of KT did not differ significantly between the test and the control groups. In conclusion, the ultrasonic surgery for disinclusion associated with a closed approach and orthodontic traction allows the alignment of an impacted palatal canine without damaging the periodontium.
Central serous chorioretinopathy in active endogenous Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Brinks Joost , van Haalen Femke M. , van Rijssen Thomas J. , Biermasz Nienke R. , Meijer Onno C. , Pereira Alberto M. , Boon Camiel J. F. , van Dijk Elon H. C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMultiple case series have provided evidence for a relatively high incidence of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in patients with active Cushing’s syndrome (CS). We describe the ophthalmological status in detail of consecutive patients with active endogenous CS (either de novo or recurrent active endogenous CS) in this prospective cohort study. All patients underwent complete ophthalmological examination, including multimodal imaging, which was performed shortly after establishing the diagnosis of active CS in hypercortisolemic state. Eleven CS patients (4 men, 7 women) with active hypercortisolism were included. Abnormalities reminiscent of (subclinical) CSC were found in 3 patients. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed macular subretinal fluid in 1 patient, who was diagnosed as having active CSC and was successfully treated with half-dose photodynamic therapy. Two other patients showed CSC-like abnormalities: an unilateral pseudovitelliform lesion on OCT and hyperfluorescent changes on fluorescein angiography in one patient, and unilateral leakage on fluorescein angiography in the other patient. Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness on enhanced depth imaging OCT was 270 ± 40 μm (range, 178 – 357 μm). Retinal abnormalities resembling (subclinical) CSC may be more common than previously thought in patients with active CS, and may exist even in patients without visual complaints. Clinicians should have a low threshold for ophthalmological evaluation in case of a CS patient with visual symptoms since there may be therapeutic opportunities to prevent vision loss.
Evaluation of retinal pigment epithelium changes in serous pigment epithelial detachment in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Miura Masahiro , Makita Shuichi , Yasuno Yoshiaki , Iwasaki Takuya , Azuma Shinnosuke , Mino Toshihiro , Yamaguchi Tatsuo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes in serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED) among patients with age-related macular degeneration by means of prototype multi-contrast optical coherence tomography (OCT), which is capable of simultaneous collection of OCT angiography, polarization-sensitive OCT, and standard OCT images. We evaluated 26 eyes of 21 patients with serous PED. RPE-melanin OCT images were calculated from the multi-contrast OCT dataset and compared with near-infrared autofluorescence images. An active RPE lesion was defined as an area of thickened RPE-melanin (≥ 70 μm; RPE70) on RPE-melanin OCT. Each PED area was divided into peak and slope regions. RPE70 area ratios were compared with the maximum PED height, PED area, PED volume, and slope area ratio (area of slope region/area of whole PED). RPE-melanin OCT images were consistent with near-infrared autofluorescence images. The RPE70 area ratio in the slope region was significantly negatively correlated with the slope area ratio. Development of active RPE lesions in the slope region was correlated with the PED configuration. Multi-contrast OCT is useful for objective evaluation of changes in the RPE in patients with age-related macular degeneration.
Hydrodynamics can determine the optimal route for microswimmer navigation
Authors: Daddi-Moussa-Ider Abdallah , Löwen Hartmut , Liebchen Benno 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs compared to the well explored problem of how to steer a macroscopic agent, like an airplane or a moon lander, to optimally reach a target, optimal navigation strategies for microswimmers experiencing hydrodynamic interactions with walls and obstacles are far-less understood. Here, we systematically explore this problem and show that the characteristic microswimmer-flow-field crucially influences the navigation strategy required to reach a target in the fastest way. The resulting optimal trajectories can have remarkable and non-intuitive shapes, which qualitatively differ from those of dry active particles or motile macroagents. Our results provide insights into the role of hydrodynamics and fluctuations on optimal navigation at the microscale, and suggest that microorganisms might have survival advantages when strategically controlling their distance to remote walls.
Rhodium-catalyzed annulation of pyrrole substituted BODIPYs with alkynes to access π-extended polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules and NIR absorption
Authors: Zhou Bixiang , Guo Mengjie , Pan Qingjie , Zhou Mingbo , Xu Ling , Rao Yutao , Wang Kaisheng , Yin Bangshao , Zhou Jie , Song Jianxin 
Published: February 2021

A series of π-extended BODIPY derivatives fused with an indolizine scaffold were prepared smoothly via rhodium-catalyzed C–H functionalization/annulation. These fluorophores show significantly red-shifted absorption, reaching to the near infrared (NIR) region.
Evaluation and Management of Severe Tinnitus: An Evidence-Based Case Report
Authors: Zitelli Lori 
Published: February 2021

PurposeTinnitus is reported by millions of Americans and is significantly problematic for many people. Commonly, individuals suffering from tinnitus report disturbances in the areas of sleep, hearing, emotional well-being, and so forth. This case report presents the evaluation and treatment of an adult female with severe tinnitus and multiple relevant comorbidities. This case includes the onset, evaluation, and management of significantly bothersome tinnitus in a 60-year-old woman. Tinnitus was first reported after she was treated with an Epley maneuver intended to resolve benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. An evaluation of tinnitus (including a comprehensive audiometric evaluation, an assessment of the impact of tinnitus on her life, and psychoacoustic measures of tinnitus perception) was completed. The tinnitus was reported to have a severely negative impact on her overall health, mental state, and quality of life.MethodThis patient opted to manage her tinnitus with a combination of pharmaceuticals, sound therapy, and education (the latter two in the form of tinnitus retraining therapy).ResultsThe course of her active treatment spanned approximately 18 months, and, at the completion of her treatment, she demonstrated significant improvements in all areas of her life that had been impacted by tinnitus. She has become an active advocate for tinnitus management and has made herself available as a resource for other individuals who are struggling to cope with intrusive tinnitus.ConclusionTinnitus retraining therapy is a treatment option that may significantly improve the quality of life of individuals suffering from severely bothersome tinnitus.
Dialysepatienten als Flugpassagiere
Authors: Kammerl Martin 
Published: February 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGNierenersatztherapie beeinflusst den Alltag der betroffenen Patienten deutlich. Trotzdem können verschiedene Reiseangebote wahrgenommen werden. Bei Flugreisen sollten Dialysepatienten bereits bei der Reisevorbereitung einige organisatorische Aspekte berücksichtigen, Anpassungen der Medikation können erforderlich werden, während des Fluges können Notfälle im Zusammenhang mit der Dialysebehandlung auftreten. Diese Besonderheiten bei Dialysepatienten als Flugpassagiere werden genauer dargestellt.
Differential Diagnosis of Acute Scrotum in Childhood and Adolescence with High-Resolution Duplex Sonography
Authors: Deeg Karl-Heinz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcute testicular pain in childhood can be caused by testicular torsion, torsion of the appendix testis, or epididymo-orchitis. Quick and reliable diagnosis is essential for determining the further course of action (surgery or conservative approach). The diagnostic tool of choice is high-resolution sonography with a linear transducer (> 10 MHz) combined with color and spectral Doppler sonography. The Doppler device settings should include a low pulse repetition frequency (< 4 cm/s), a low wall filter (< 100 Hz), and adequate gain. Comparison with the unaffected healthy testis is essential. The most important of the three diseases is torsion of the spermatic cord because it requires immediate surgical intervention and detorsion. The affected testis is enlarged and has an inhomogeneous echotexture with hypoechoic and hyperechoic areas as well as an associated hydrocele. In testicular torsion, color Doppler shows reduced or absent intratesticular vessels in comparison with the healthy contralateral testis. Spectral Doppler shows decreased flow velocities especially during diastole in intratesticular arteries and an increased resistance index. The investigation should always include imaging of the spermatic cord from the outer inguinal ring to the upper pole of the testis. In contrast to a normal finding, the vessels and the ductus deferens are not displayed as linear tubular structures but in form of a spiral twist. Ultrasound shows a target-like structure with multiple concentric rings. Color Doppler sonography shows the typical whirlpool sign. In torsion of the appendix testis, the appendix testis is enlarged in the groove between the testis and epididymis. The longitudinal diameter of the appendix testis can be greater than 5 mm. The echogenicity of the torsed appendage can vary between hypoechoic (acute torsion) and hyperechoic (prior torsion). An associated hydrocele of varying size is usually seen. Color Doppler sonography reveals a lack of perfusion of the enlarged appendix testis and increased vascularity of the testis and primarily the epididymis. Epididymo-orchitis is characterized by an enlarged epididymis and/or testis with inhomogeneous echogenicity (hypoechoic – hyperechoic). Color Doppler sonography shows increased vascularity in comparison with the unaffected testis. Spectral Doppler reveals increased diastolic flow velocities and a decreased resistance index. Idiopathic scrotal edema and an incarcerated inguinal hernia must be ruled out in the differential diagnosis.
NADA-Ohrakupunktur bei Geflüchteten
Authors: Wendling Ursula 
Published: February 2021

SummaryDie NADA-Ohrakupunktur wird bereits seitden 1970er-Jahren eingesetzt, um die EntzugssymptomatikDrogen- und Alkoholabhängigerzu lindern. Durch ihre einfacheAnwendung und ihre vielfältige Wirkungwie Reduktion von Stress, Ängstlichkeit undvegetativen Beschwerden wie innere Unruheund Herzrasen weiteten sich die Einsatzbereicheder NADA-Akupunktur in den vergangenenJahrzehnten zunehmend aus. Sowird sie seit den 2000er-Jahren auch beiTraumatisierung durch Krieg, Flucht, Vertreibung,Gewalt und (Natur-)Katastrophen angewendet.Seit 2015 kommt NADA-Akupunkturauch bei Geflüchteten in Deutschlandzum Einsatz. Die Erfahrungen auseinem Stuttgarter Wohnheim für Geflüchtetezeigen die gute Akzeptanz und Wirksamkeitder Anwendung.
Homöopathie für Geflüchtete
Authors: Möller Maria 
Published: February 2021

SummaryDas Asylbewerberleistungsgesetz schränktdie Behandlungsmöglichkeiten für Geflüchtetein Deutschland in den ersten 18 Monatenstark ein. Auch danach besteht kein Anspruchauf Sprachvermittler, und die finanziellenMöglichkeiten sind begrenzt. Zu einer homöopathischenBehandlung besteht keinZugang. Doch gerade bei traumatisiertenPatientInnen erweist sich ein ganzheitlicherAnsatz als hilfreich. Das Projekt „Homöopathiefür Flüchtlinge in Deutschland“ ermöglichtkörperlich und seelisch erkrankten Geflüchtetendaher eine homöopathische Behandlungunter Einbeziehung vonÜbersetzern. Die Erfahrungen mit diesemund anderen Projekten zeigen eine hohe Akzeptanzder ganzheitlichen Medizin bei denGeflüchteten und erfreuliche Erfolge in derBehandlung von PatientInnen mit akutenoder chronischen Traumafolgestörungen.
Rassismus im medizinischen Alltag – eine fragmentarische Reise
Authors: Windel Anne-Sophie 
Published: February 2021

SummaryAlltäglicher Rassismus hat auch in Deutschlandzu einer intensiven gesellschaftlichenDiskussion geführt. Was bedeutet aber Rassismusfür den Arztberuf?Die Autorin spürt den subtileren Formen vonRassismus im medizinischen Alltag nach undhinterfragt dabei auch eigene Stereotype imKopf und das eigene Handeln.
Post-COVID-Syndrom: Behandlung von Residuen nach SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen mit Chinesischer Arzneimitteltherapie
Authors: Thede Christian 
Published: February 2021

SummaryBei anhaltend hohen Infektionsraten sind zunehmendviele Menschen von chronischen Residualzuständennach SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen betroffen. Es werden effektiveTherapiekonzepte der chinesischen Arzneimitteltherapiezur Behandlung der besonders häufigen respiratorischenund Fatigue-Symptomatik vorgestellt, unterbesonderer Berücksichtigung der Behandlung speziellerFormen von COVID-19-Folgezuständen als Dysharmoniedes Shaoyang mit Variationen des „Kleinen BupleurumDekokts“ (Xiao chai hu tang).