bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional assessment of the glycoproteins of a novel Hendra virus variant reveals contrasting fusogenic capacities of the receptor-binding and fusion glycoproteins
Authors: Ma Andrew Z. , Yeo Yao Yu , Lee Jean F. , Kim Colin M. , Ezzatpour Shahrzad , Menchaca Carolina , Upadhye Viraj , Annand Edward J. , Eden John-Sebastian , Plowright Raina K. , Peel Alison J. , Buchholz David W. , Aguilar Hector C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

A novel Hendra virus (HeV) genotype (HeV genotype 2 [HeV-g2]) was recently isolated from a deceased horse, revealing high-sequence conservation and antigenic similarities with the prototypic strain, HeV-g1. As the receptor-binding (G) and fusion (F) glycoproteins of HeV are essential for mediating viral entry, functional characterization of emerging HeV genotypic variants is key to understanding viral entry mechanisms and broader virus-host co-evolution. We first confirmed that HeV-g2 and HeV-g1 glycoproteins share a close phylogenetic relationship, underscoring HeV-g2’s relevance to global health. Our
in vitro
data showed that HeV-g2 glycoproteins induced cell-cell fusion in human cells, shared receptor tropism with HeV-g1, and cross-reacted with antibodies raised against HeV-g1. Despite these similarities, HeV-g2 glycoproteins yielded reduced syncytia formation compared to HeV-g1. By expressing heterotypic combinations of HeV-g2, HeV-g1, and Nipah virus (NiV) glycoproteins, we found that while HeV-g2 G had strong fusion-promoting abilities, HeV-g2 F consistently displayed hypofusogenic properties. These fusion phenotypes were more closely associated with those observed in the related NiV. Further investigation using HeV-g1 and HeV-g2 glycoprotein chimeras revealed that multiple domains may play roles in modulating these fusion phenotypes. Altogether, our findings may establish intrinsic fusogenic capacities of viral glycoproteins as a potential driver behind the emergence of new henipaviral variants.

IMPORTANCE
HeV is a zoonotic pathogen that causes severe disease across various mammalian hosts, including horses and humans. The identification of unrecognized HeV variants, such as HeV-g2, highlights the need to investigate mechanisms that may drive their evolution, transmission, and pathogenicity. Our study reveals that HeV-g2 and HeV-g1 glycoproteins are highly conserved in identity, function, and receptor tropism, yet they differ in their abilities to induce the formation of multinucleated cells (syncytia), which is a potential marker of viral pathogenesis. By using heterotypic combinations of HeV-g2 with either HeV-g1 or NiV glycoproteins, as well as chimeric HeV-g1/HeV-g2 glycoproteins, we demonstrate that the differences in syncytial formation can be attributed to the intrinsic fusogenic capacities of each glycoprotein. Our data indicate that HeV-g2 glycoproteins have fusion phenotypes closely related to those of NiV and that fusion promotion may be a crucial factor driving the emergence of new henipaviral variants.
Genome sequence of Leptolyngbya phage Dor1, a cyanophage induced from a fish pond
Authors: Cattan-Tsaushu Esther , Pessen Lilach , Avrani Sarit 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Leptolyngbya phage Dor1 was induced by mitomycin C from a fishpond and was isolated on
Leptolyngbya boryana
IU 594. The 41,522-bp genome of Leptolyngbya phage Dor1 has 93.77% intergenomic similarity with Leptolyngbya phage LPP-1; however, unlike LPP-1, Dor1 carries an HNH endonuclease in its DNA polymerase gene.
Genetic profiling of multidrug-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
from a tertiary care center in Malaysia
Authors: Shahari Aisyah Syakirah , Palanisamy Navindra Kumari , Mohd Nor Fadzilah 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Genetic characterization of multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Acinetobacter baumannii
remains scarce in Malaysia. This study aimed to characterize antibiotic resistance, genomic location, and genetic relatedness among the
A. baumannii
isolates obtained from a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. A total of 128 MDR
A. baumannii
isolates were collected from patients admitted to various wards (intensive care unit [ICU], neonatal intensive care unit, coronary care unit, high dependency ward [HDW], and general wards). The isolates were identified by Vitek 2 and PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene followed by sequencing. The isolates were tested against imipenem, ceftazidime, amikacin, gentamicin, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin using disk diffusion, Epsilometer test, and broth microdilution. The antibiotic resistance genes,
bla
OXA-23
,
bla
OXA-24
,
bla
ADC
,
bla
VIM,
and
bla
IMP
, were detected in chromosomal and plasmid DNA using PCR. Insertion sequence IS
Aba
1/
bla
OXA-23
gene was detected on chromosomal DNA only. Isolates with different antibiotic susceptibility patterns and PCR profiles were subjected to multi-locus sequence typing. MDR
A. baumannii
was predominantly found in HDW (39.84%), general wards (29.69%), and ICU (28.13%). All isolates conferred resistance to carbapenem and more than 90% resistance to the remaining antibiotics. The antibiotic resistance genes
bla
OXA-23
,
bla
VIM,
and
bla
ADC
were detected in both chromosomal and plasmid DNA. The IS
Aba
1/
bla
OXA-23
gene was detected in 99.22% of the isolates. Four sequence types (STs) were distinguished: ST2 (76.67%), ST164 (10%), ST642 (10%), and ST643 (3.33%). ST164 and ST642 were unique and represent a significant finding in Malaysia’s surveillance data. These STs are associated with acquired
bla
OXA-23
, indicating an evolutionary adaptation of
A. baumannii
within the hospital setting.

IMPORTANCE

Acinetobacter baumannii
is a ubiquitous Gram-negative coccobacillus bacterium that is primarily associated with nosocomial infections that can colonize biotic and abiotic surfaces to enhance cell-to-cell adhesion, ensuring the establishment of infections. To date, the spread of multidrug-resistant
A. baumannii
(MDRAB) has become rampant and a great concern in the hospital setting, as the available antibiotics are insufficient to treat infections. The antibiotic resistance island resides in a mobile element and rapidly evolved. The antibiotic susceptibility data with its resistance mechanisms would contribute to and facilitate the management and infection control caused by MDRAB.
Quasinormal modes of regular black holes with sub-Planckian curvature and Minkowskian core
Authors: Tang Chen , Ling Yi , Jiang Qing-Quan , Li Guo-Ping 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigate the perturbation of the scalar field as well as the electromagnetic field over a sort of regular black holes which are characterized by the sub-Planckian curvature and the Minkowskian core. Specifically, we compute the quasinormal modes (QNMs) by employing the pseudo-spectral method. The outburst of overtones is manifestly observed in the QNMs of these regular black holes, which can be attributed to the deviation of the Schwarzschild black hole by quantum effects of gravity. Furthermore, the QNMs under the perturbation of electromagnetic field exhibit smaller real and imaginary parts than those under scalar field perturbation. By comparing the QNMs of the regular black hole featured by Minkowskian core with those of Bardeen black hole featured by de Sitter core, we find they may be an effective tool to distinguish these BHs.
Effects of selected physical parameters on the gamma-ray-induced EPR signal of glycine dosimeter
Authors: Aboelezz E. , Sharaf M. A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetric characteristics of glycine irradiated with a broad range of gamma doses, ranging from 0.1 Gy up to 100 kGy, were examined. Further physical parameters were investigated, such as irradiation temperature, dose fractionation, fading for different isothermal annealing temperatures, and UV exposure. The gamma dose response of glycine represents ~ 36% of that of alanine at a gamma dose of 5 kGy, and this ratio decreases as the gamma dose increases. The calculated detection limit is about 130 mGy. There is no significant variation in the EPR intensity of exposed glycine due to the change in the intermediate intervals between the two fractions. The optimum annealing temperature and duration time overcoming the fading impact for immediate readout of glycine after irradiation were found to be 110 °C for 15 min. UVC induces a broad peak in the unirradiated glycine sample at the same position that overlaps with the dosimetric peak of gamma rays. Keeping the glycine dosimeter in the dark is recommended to prevent the UV effect.
On the anisotropic Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg type inequalities: Existence, symmetry breaking region and symmetry of extremal functions
Authors: Bao Jiguang , Chen Xiangzhi 
Published: December 2024

In 2021, Li and Yan considered a more general and improved anisotropic version of the Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg celebrated interpolation inequalities [Formula: see text] in dimensions [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and gave necessary and sufficient conditions for which to hold under natural assumptions on the parameters. In this paper, we study the Li–Yan inequality with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and answer some fundamental questions concerning these inequalities such as the existence and symmetry breaking region of extremal functions, and their symmetry properties.
Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Cracked RC Beams Strengthened with FRP Plates Using the State Space Method
Authors: Liu Xingxi , Shen Lulu , Wang Yun , Xu Rongqiao 
Published: December 2024

Using the state space method, a novel analytical method is proposed to investigate the dynamic behavior of multi-cracked reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) plates, while taking damping effects into account. The flexural cracks in RC beams are modeled as rotational springs, with their stiffness dependent on the crack depths. A numerically stable technique and a frequency-scanning strategy are employed to solve the homogeneous state equations associated with mode function vectors and the frequency equation, respectively. This allows for the determination of natural frequencies and corresponding modal shapes of FRP-strengthened multi-cracked RC beams under generalized boundary conditions. The orthogonality relation of vibration modes is established based on the state space formulae and the concept of symplectic inner product. Analytical solutions for the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened multi-cracked RC beams subjected to arbitrary dynamic loads are derived using the orthogonality relation and the mode superposition method. Numerical examples are provided to predict the dynamic responses of strengthened cracked beams under a dynamic uniformly distributed step load and a concentrated triangular impulse load. The effectiveness of the proposed analytical method is validated through comparisons with finite element simulations and experimental results. Furthermore, parametric studies are performed to analyze the effects of damping ratio, crack depth, crack position and the number of cracks on the dynamic responses of these strengthened cracked beams. The results demonstrate that the strengthening strategy using externally bonded FRP plates is effective, while the effects of cracks and the first-order damping ratio on the dynamic responses are significant and cannot be ignored. Additionally, the proposed method can efficiently and accurately analyze the dynamic behavior of FRP-strengthened RC beams with arbitrary distributions of cracks and dynamic loads.
Dopamine receptors D1, D2, and D4 modulate electrical synapses and excitability in the thalamic reticular nucleus
Authors: Vaughn Mitchell J. , Yellamelli Nandini , Burger R. Michael , Haas Julie S. 
Published: December 2024

Postsynaptic modulation of TRN neurons by activation of specific DA receptor subtypes has not been previously determined. Our research identifies that a previously unreported D2 receptor is expressed in TRN, and we found that D1, D2, and D4 receptors impose distinct excitability changes on TRN. Furthermore, D2 and D4 receptors depress electrical synapses in TRN, identifying a new substrate for modulation of intra-TRN communication.
Morphometric and Morphologic Traits of Indigenous Chicken Ecotypes of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Belay Shumuye , Belay Gurja , Resom Mehari 
Published: December 2024

Background: Quantitative physical measurements and observable physical traits are used for animal identification and are the first step for long‐term genetic improvement and other developmental interventions.Aim: This study was conducted to characterize phenotypic traits of indigenous chicken ecotypes of Tigray’s eastern and southern zones.Methods: A total of 711 chickens aged 5 months and above were used in these two zones. Sampling was performed in three districts representing midland and highland agroecologies. Multivariate analysis was performed using 13 quantitative variables.Results: Quantitative traits such as live weight, breast width, keel length, thigh circumference, chest circumference, shank length, wing length, earlobe length, and comb length were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Hawzien chickens in both sexes, which mainly happened due to feed access, veterinary service, and good housing. Similarly, there were morphologically diverse chicken ecotypes in all districts and these traits have their own economic, sociocultural, and esthetic values and resulted in market differences locally. The discriminant analysis also showed that the classification of female and male chickens ranged from 40.5% to 92.3% and 100% to 98.8%, respectively, which indicates higher heterogeneity (59.5%) in female than male chickens. Therefore, identifying both quantitative and qualitative traits of chicken is important for genetic improvements, conservation, and sustainable utilization of chicken genetic resources and opens a door for molecular characterization and other tailored environmental interventions.
Changes in Blood Eosinophil Counts Predict the Death of Patients With Myocardial Infarction After Hospital Discharge
Authors: Lin Kaiyang , Luo Manqing , Gu Xia , Xu Jun‐Yan , Tian Jinwei , Libby Peter , Shi Guo‐Ping , Guo Junli 
Published: December 2024

Background

Preclinical studies demonstrate a cardioprotective role of eosinophils in acute myocardial infarction. Yet clinical studies show conflicting correlations between blood eosinophil counts and acute myocardial infarction risk and mortality. This study evaluates blood eosinophil counts of patients with acute myocardial infarction at hospital admission (EOS
baseline
) and discharge (EOS
post
) on all‐cause and cardiac mortalities.

Methods and Results

Of 2681 consecutive patients with a median follow‐up of 2.55 years, 45 patients died within 30 days, 28 died within 30 to 150 days, and 92 died within 150 days or later postdischarge. Cardiac death occurred in 108 patients. According to the receiver operating characteristic analyses, the best cutoffs of EOS
baseline
and EOS
post
were 0.02×10
9
/L and 0.03×10
9
/L, respectively, to predict 30‐day all‐cause death (area under the curve [AUC]
baseline
, 0.60; AUC
post
, 0.67). The optimal cutoffs of EOS
baseline
and EOS
post
were 0.20×10
9
/L and 0.14×10
9
/L to predict long‐term all‐cause mortality (1‐year AUC
baseline
, 0.59; 1‐year AUC
post
, 0.61). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that low EOS
baseline
(<0.02×10
9
/L) or low EOS
post
(<0.03×10
9
/L) predicted the 30‐day all‐cause (odds ratio [OR]
baseline
, 2.56;
P
=0.005; OR
post
, 8.14;
P
<0.001) and cardiac (OR
baseline
, 2.16;
P
=0.025; OR
post
, 7.89;
P
<0.001) mortalities. Patients with combined low EOS
baseline
(<0.02×10
9
/L) and low EOS
post
(<0.03×10
9
/L) displayed synergistic risk of 30‐day all‐cause (OR, 13.93;
P
<0.001) and cardiac (OR, 11.38;
P
<0.001) deaths. In contrast, adjusted Cox proportional hazard test indicated that high EOS
post
(≥0.14×10
9
/L) was an independent risk for long‐term all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.84;
P
=0.010).

Conclusions
High and low blood eosinophil counts both predict the risk of all‐cause and cardiac deaths in patients with acute myocardial infarction depending on the time of data collection. Dynamic changes of blood eosinophil counts offer a more accurate prediction of post‐myocardial infarction deaths than a single time point data analysis.
Changes in Cardiovascular Health, Genetic Risk, and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Evidence From a Large‐Scale Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Shuaizhou , Li Jialin , Man Qiuhong , Hu Chengxin , Li Jinchen , Wang Jianwei , Wu Siyu , Xu Kelin , Cui Mei , Zhang Tiejun , Chen Xingdong , Suo Chen , Jiang Yanfeng 
Published: December 2024

Background
Evidence has firmly established the association between superior cardiovascular health (CVH) and reduced susceptibility to cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). In reality, CVH experiences dynamic fluctuations throughout individuals' lifespans. However, the association between changes in CVH and the impact on CMDs among individuals with different genetic risks remains unclear.

Methods and Results

Based on a large‐scale community‐based cohort, we evaluated the association between baseline CVH (n=289 069), changes in CVH between 2 examinations (n=37 702), and the risk of CMDs and its individual components (ischemic heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke) using Cox proportional hazards models, leveraging detailed repeatedly assessed lifestyle information and genetic data. Estimations were also stratified by age groups (≤65 years, >65 years) and genetic risk groups, defined by the tertiles of the polygenic risk score for CMDs components. Population‐attributable fractions and relative risk reduction were calculated to assess the potential benefits of improvement in CVH in preventing CMDs. For participants whose baseline CVH ranged from ideal to poor, an ascending trend was exhibited in the risk of CMDs overall, as well as its individual components. Based on a median of 5.4‐year follow‐up after the reassessment of CVH, individuals with an enhancement from intermediate to ideal CVH demonstrated a 36% lower risk of CMDs (hazard ratio [HR], 0.64 [95% CI, 0.53–0.77];
P
<0.001), compared with those with constantly intermediate CVH, while those deteriorating from intermediate to poor faced a 44% higher risk (HR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.17–1.78];
P
<0.001). Interestingly, changes in CVH exerted a more pronounced impact on CMD risk within younger populations (≤65 years) (
P
interaction
=0.006). Notably, among participants with a high genetic risk of ischemic heart disease, those who improved their CVH status from intermediate to ideal exhibited a 50% lower risk of ischemic heart disease (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.34–0.74];
P
<0.001), compared with those with constantly intermediate CVH.

Conclusions
Individuals with better baseline CVH exhibited a lower risk of CMDs. Enhancement in CVH significantly mitigates the risk of CMDs, especially when efforts are made before the age of 65 years and within high genetic risk groups. These findings underscore the importance of interventions aimed at promoting cardiovascular well‐being across entire populations, offering valuable insights for targeted preventive strategies and healthcare interventions.
Effects of Physiotherapy Interventions for Poststroke Fatigue: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alahmari Wafa , Alhowimel Ahmed , Alotaibi Mazyad , Almuwais Afrah , Alqabbani Samiah , Alotaibi Madawi 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Poststroke fatigue affects half of global patients with stroke, causing early exhaustion, weariness, and dependence. Physiotherapy interventions like exercise and aerobic training are recommended to alleviate symptoms, but their effectiveness is not well supported. This review evaluates physiotherapy’s effectiveness in treating poststroke fatigue in adults.

METHODS:
We conducted a systematic review using a comprehensive search across multiple databases, including ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and WHO ICTRP. We searched for English-language articles using various keywords, without any restrictions on date, document type, or publication status, and included only randomized controlled trials. After removing duplicates through EndNote X7, 2 independent reviewers screened and reviewed the remaining articles. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was applied to assess the quality of included studies.

RESULTS:

A total of 712 articles were reviewed, and after removing duplicates, 450 articles were left, then only 34 articles passed the title screening and 29 were excluded due to various reasons. Therefore, only 4 randomized controlled trials were found relevant after screening out 416 irrelevant ones. The average percentage of participants across all 4 randomized controlled trials was 44.65% men and 55.35% women, with an average age of 59.1 years. The review assessed a range of physiotherapy treatments, such as caregiver-mediated exercise with e-health support, graded activity training with cognitive therapy, and circuit training exercises. Graded activity training with cognitive therapy approach has effectively reduced poststroke fatigue (
P
<0.001) and improved endurance levels (η
p
2
=0.20;
P
<0.001). On the contrary, circuit training is not effective. Caregiver-mediated exercises and e-health supported exercises have been shown to impact functional recovery positively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among all the studies evaluated, only 1 intervention, the graded activity training with cognitive therapy, significantly reduced fatigue after stroke. However, more research is needed to study the effect of physiotherapy interventions.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
; Unique identifier: CRD42017075196.