bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endocrine Dysfunction in Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Study
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Mittal Radheyshyam S. , Sharma Achal , Kumar Varsha 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background This study has prospectively investigated pituitary function and their correlation with severity, pressure effect, and Glasgow outcome scale in the acute phase of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Most of the retrospective studies have demonstrated that traumatic SAH-mediated hypopituitarism could be more frequent than previously known.
Objectives The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of endocrine dysfunction in traumatic SAH and its correlation with severity of injury and final outcome.
Materials and Methods Eighty-four consecutive patients of traumatic SAH formed the study group. Apart from clinical assessment, noncontrast computed tomography of the head was performed on all patients on admission. The hormonal analysis (FT3, FT4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone [GH], cortisol, prolactin, testosterone) was performed within 24 hours of traumatic brain injury and was repeated on the seventh day amongst the patients who survived.
Results Most common hormone to increase on day one was cortisol (48.78%), while on day seven follicle-stimulating hormones and cortisol (15.38%) showed increment in levels. Most common hormone to decrease on day one was FT3 (36.84%) and GH (36.26%), while on day seven testosterone (66.67%) and FT4 (30.76%) showed decreasing levels. Hormone most resistant to change was prolactin.
Conclusion Hormonal dysfunction is common in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. There is a direct association between radiological grading (Fischer) of SAH and hormonal profile changes. Performance of hormonal analysis should be considered in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, preferably with high-grade SAH, so that appropriate hormonal replacement can be done to optimize the clinical outcome.
Long-Lasting, But Not Transformative. An Ex-post Sustainability Study of Development Interventions of Private Development Initiatives
Authors: Kinsbergen Sara , Koch Dirk-Jan , Plaisier Christine , Schulpen Lau 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article presents the results of the first ex-post sustainability study among 93 development interventions implemented between 1990 and 2008 in Kenya, India, South Africa, and Ghana. The interventions were undertaken by 42 different local organisations with support from an equal number of Dutch small-scale, voluntary development organisations. We find that a large number of interventions still achieve the intended output and outcome results. The results show no differences between interventions that took place 5, 10, or 15 years before the study. Financial dependency on the Dutch partner organisations remains large. The levels of sustainability differed significantly between the four countries, with Kenya and South Africa portraying the most positive picture. In addition, the results indicate that the majority of the interventions are focusing on the direct reduction of poverty: offering concrete support to people through the provision of basic needs. While many local organisations expect that these interventions will also contribute to more structural change, the findings of this study question this supposed transformative effect.
Correction of coupled higher-order modes in the S-parameter characterization of wideband cavity beam position monitors
Authors: Yang Liu , He Xiaozhong , Tang Ruo , Long Quanhong , Zhang Linwen 
Published: January 2021

Wideband RF cavity beam position monitors (CBPM) have been increasingly employed for short bunch interval operations in several linear accelerators. At a few nanoseconds of bunch spacing, the loaded quality factor of the CBPM TM110 dipole eigenmode is required to be sufficiently low to minimize the signal interference between consecutive bunches. Moreover, the bunched beam also couples to several unwanted higher-order modes (HOM), such as the TM210 and TE111 eigenmodes, which also may result in an error of the bunch position measurement if no precautions are taken. In the fabrication phase of CBPMs, the mode coupling can alter the TM110 mode frequency and therefore causes an error in its tuning, e.g., 0.3% for a 4.875 GHz CBPM with QL = 22.5. This error needs to be identified so that the precise tuning is enabled since the dipole mode frequency becomes critical for the position evaluations as the signal processing is relatively phase-sensitive. This paper presents an approach to extract the pure unperturbed frequency of the dipole mode, not altered by the response to coupled HOMs. An analytic model based on the superposition law applied to electromagnetic fields has been developed to characterize the response of coupled HOMs in the S-parameter measurement. The model has been further verified with numerical simulation in the CST-Studio software by analyzing an approximate single-mode response CBPM. The correction method was applied on a wideband CBPM prototype for the pre-research plan of future high repetition rate hard XFEL at the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics.
Two types of peripheral adjunct WHATs
Authors: Yang Barry C.-Y. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigates two types of adjunct WHATs merged at peripheral positions in Chinese. The L-WHAT is merged within VP and denotes awhy-interpretation with an aggressive, prohibitive force. The H-WHAT is merged at the left periphery of a sentence and is exclusively used in expressing a speaker’s refutatory force without interrogativity. The two WHATs are encoded with different modalities: the L-WHAT with root modality while the H-WHAT with epistemic modality. It is proposed that the interpretations of the two types of WHATs are compositionally derived from the modality and speaker force. This study not only explores the origins of different interpretations of adjunct WHATs, but also advances a uniform approach in mapping the speaker force onto syntax.
Discontinuous collocation methods and gravitational self-force applications
Authors: Markakis Charalampos , O’Boyle Michael F , Brubeck Pablo D , Barack Leor 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Numerical simulations of extreme mass ratio inspirals, the most important sources for the LISA detector, face several computational challenges. We present a new approach to evolving partial differential equations occurring in black hole perturbation theory and calculations of the self-force acting on point particles orbiting supermassive black holes. Such equations are distributionally sourced, and standard numerical methods, such as finite-difference or spectral methods, face difficulties associated with approximating discontinuous functions. However, in the self-force problem we typically have access to full a priori information about the local structure of the discontinuity at the particle. Using this information, we show that high-order accuracy can be recovered by adding to the Lagrange interpolation formula a linear combination of certain jump amplitudes. We construct discontinuous spatial and temporal discretizations by operating on the corrected Lagrange formula. In a method-of-lines framework, this provides a simple and efficient method of solving time-dependent partial differential equations, without loss of accuracy near moving singularities or discontinuities. This method is well-suited for the problem of time-domain reconstruction of the metric perturbation via the Teukolsky or Regge–Wheeler–Zerilli formalisms. Parallel implementations on modern CPU and GPU architectures are discussed.
Ion cyclotron resonance heating fast and slow wave excitation and power deposition in edge plasmas with application to ITER
Authors: Messiaen A , Maquet V , Ongena J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The antenna power coupling to the plasma centre and its possible deleterious coupling to the plasma edge are key parameters in an ion cyclotron resonance heating system. The influence on these parameters by the confluence between the slow and the fast magnetosonic waves is studied for the case of large machines. Until now, the modelling of the scrape off layer region has been calculated by ANTITER II, which contains only the fast wave description and where the confluence with the slow wave (S wave) is approximated by the Alfvén resonance. In the present study, a complete modelling of the slow and fast waves is made by ANTITER IV. The modelling by the two codes is compared and shows the important role of the Alfvén and the lower hybrid resonances for the excitation of large fields and associated power deposition at the edge of the plasma even far from the antenna location. The ANTITER IV modelling is thereafter applied to the case of the ITER antenna with a reference density profile and heating parameters. A comparative study is made for the edge power deposition and the excitation of large fields for different toroidal phasing cases of the antenna. This study also takes into account the tilting of the antenna array with respect to the total magnetic field in front of the antenna. If the Faraday screen is field-aligned, the excitation of the S wave occurs at the wave confluence; however, in the case of non-alignment the antenna directly excites the S wave. This effect is studied and quantified. All edge effects, even the direct excitation of S waves, can be strongly reduced by tailoring the current distribution in the straps of the antenna array. Resulting cases for the minimisation of edge power deposition in ITER and the reactor are studied.
Distinct discharge modes in micro Hall thruster plasmas
Authors: Lee Dongho , Doh Guentae , Kim Holak , Garrigues Laurent , Choe Wonho 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Two distinct discharge modes were observed in a 50 W-class micro-Hall thruster plasma under different operating conditions. A ball-shaped plasma with a broad plume (mode A) was observed at low mass flow rates (less than 0.37 mg s−1) over the entire operational anode voltage range (160–280 V). Raising the anode voltage beyond 200 V with the mass flow rate fixed (larger than 0.37 mg s−1) produced a narrow plume and stretched jet-like structure (mode B). In mode B, the thruster showed performance improvements in terms of thrust (3.8 mN vs 3.3 mN), specific impulse (913 s vs 800 s), and anode efficiency (28% vs 22%), with only a 2 W difference in the anode power (61 W in mode B and 59 W in mode A). This suggests that operation is more advantageous in mode B than in mode A for the utilization of such low-power Hall thrusters. Unique plume properties were observed in the two modes and considerable differences were measured in the Xe II ion acceleration structure, beam angle, and ionization rate as the mode changes, which were not reported in previous studies. Mode A exhibits an axially extended ion acceleration structure outside the discharge channel, where 75% of the final ion velocity is achieved at approximately 40 mm from the thruster exit, while most of the ion acceleration occurs within 10 mm from the thruster exit in mode B. Measurements show that the full width at half maximum of the Xe II ion energy distribution function, electron temperature, and Xe II emission intensity decreased after the plasma transitioned from mode A to mode B. Based on the optical emission spectroscopy, the ionization rate in the plasma plume decreased by 30%–41% after the mode change, which is likely related to the reduction of the beam angle and electron current by 24% and 30%, respectively.
Production of hidden-charm and hidden-bottom pentaquark states in electron-proton collisions *
Authors: Xie Ya-Ping , Cao Xu , Liang Yu-Tie , Chen Xurong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Electro-production of several pentaquark states is investigated in this study. The eSTARlight package is adapted to study the electro-production of

and

via pentaquark

and

resonance channels in

and

scattering processes at the proposed electron-ion colliders (EICs). The results obtained in this study are compared to those of non-resonance t-channels, which are described in the pomeron exchange model developed in our studies. Some pseudo-rapidity and rapidity distributions of

and

are presented for the proposed EICs, including EicC and EIC-US. It is found that EicC is a good platform to identify

states in the future.
Quantum-Mechanical Brayton Engine based on a Boson Particle Inside Cubic Potential
Authors: Abdillah Fikri , Saputra Yohanes Dwi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Currently, the heat engine needs to be miniaturized to increase its thermal efficiency. In this theoretical study, the symmetrical potential box containing one particle with one of its walls moving freely is analogous to a cylinder with a piston. The potential box contains a massless Boson particle, while the piston-cylinder contains a monatomic ideal gas. The form of Quantum-Mechanical Brayton Engine (QMBE) thermal efficiency formulation has similarities to the classical version of the Brayton engine. However, the efficiency value of QMBE with a massless Boson particle is higher than the classic version because the heat capacity ratio of the Boson particle working fluid is 2, while the monatomic ideal gas is 5/3.
Study on Biocompatibility of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Doped Silicon Composite as Material for Alveolar Socket Preservation
Authors: Virginia Maria , Laksono Andromeda Dwi , Kusuma Asih Wentika Putri , Sulistijono  , Agustiningtyas Diah Tri 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
As the Alveolar Socket Preservation (ASP) was developed as a procedure for placement of bone graft on sockets where the tooth was removed, a new composite of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite doped Silicon (Chi/HAp-Si) was synthesized. Si will be added to HAp in amount 7 wt% by a solid-state method. As a comparison, the HAp-Si later will be mixed with chitosan with variations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%, with the aim of enhancing antibacterial ability against S. aureus bacteria. The synthesized samples were characterized using XRD and SEM. Antibacterial activities of the Chi/HAp-Si composite were evaluated against S. aureus bacteria. The addition of chitosan did not have much effect on the biocompatibility of HAp-Si, especially in S. aureus bacteria. However, the addition of chitosan to the 10 wt% composition has the highest antibacterial properties.
Sonication Effect on Modified Ultrasound Assisted Aqueous Extraction (UAAE) of Rice Bran Oil Yield
Authors: Gotama B , Sasongko A , Hanafi M , Lala M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Rice bran oil (RBO) is extracted using ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction (UAAE) with minor modifications to the separation process. Although conventional methods such as solvent extraction or mechanical pressing are more commonly used in the RBO industry, UAAE is one of intensification processes that can increase RBO productivity. In this study, sonication operating conditions such as time and temperature and solid/liquid to ratio were studied to obtain the optimum yield. The results indicated that the sonication time and temperature positively affected the yield increase, while SLR led to a decline after reaching 0.2 g / ml. The highest yield was obtained at the sonication time of 60 seconds, SLR 0.2 g / ml, and sonication temperature of 40°C, 17.6%. Besides, the relative energy consumption of UAAE at temperatures of 20 and 40°C, and aqueous extraction (AE) were also investigated. Besides producing the highest yield, UAAE at 40°C has a lower relative energy consumption than others, so it can be considered a prospective method of RBO extraction. Further development on UAAE and its combination with other methods are needed to fulfill economies of scale of the RBO industry.
The effect twisted petung bamboo variations as reinforcement on concrete beam
Authors: Basyaruddin  , Suprayitno A S , Jatmoko A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Reinforced Concrete is a composite material consisting of concrete and steel-reinforced concrete. Steel is used as reinforcement because it has high yield strength. However, the price of steel reinforcement is higher due to high demand. Besides having a relatively high price, steel is a non-renewable material, which makes the amount of course very limited as for other alternatives as a substitute for the concrete reinforcement, called bamboo. Bamboo is a renewable natural product with high tensile strength. With the many advantages of bamboo, especially petung bamboo as a construction material, therefore, necessary to research the flexural strength of bamboo petung reinforced beams. Reinforced bamboo used is twisted petung bamboo with a variation of three strands, five strands, and seven strands. The method used in this study is a numerical analysis based on standard concrete flexural strength test with two loading points. Analysis shows that tensile strength of bamboo strands for three strands amounted to 222.93 MPa, five strands of 230.04 MPa, and seven strands of 237.14 MPa. For the maximum load, The highest load produced for concrete beams with reinforcement three strands, five strands, and seven strands are 11.87 kN, 35.62 kN and 52.21 kN respectively. Meanwhile, The flexural strength produced for each scheme is 6.73 Mpa, 8.23 Mpa and 9.86 Mpa.
Design of Fishing Vessel of Catamaran Type In Waterways of East Kalimantan (40 GT)
Authors: Alamsyah  , Setiawan W , Dwi Cahya E , Ika Wulandari A , Suardi  , Alifantio A 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFishing vessel craftsmen in the East Kalimantan area have made several changes to the design of fishing vessels to get more catch. Changes were made to the main dimension which resulted in changes in ship characteristics such as speed and stability of the ship. This purpose of research to determine the main dimensions and stability analysis of catamaran hull fishing vessels. The method used is the parent ship method and optimization using maxsurf software. The results obtained were as follows: LOA = 16.2 [m], B = 6 [m], B1 = 1 [m], T = 1 [m], H = 2 [m], Cb = 0.192, Vs = 6.5 [knots], and number of crew = 5 person. The required of Catamaran is a power of 134,498 [HP] consist of two engine 70 [HP]. Based on the results of critical analysis stability on catamarans, the maximum GZ value occurs at a heeling of 20ᴼ. The maximum GZ value in loadcase 1 is 2.326 [m], loadcase 2 is 2.15 [m], and loadcase 3 is 2.18 [m]. The GM values for all loadcase scenarios are not less than 0.15 [meters]. All of them accepted the IMO and HSC 2000 Annex 7 Multihull criteria.
Ni2+adsorption performance of immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in fractionated clay from Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Sasria N , Fahmiati  , Mashuni  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This research shows the optimum adsorption conditions of three adsorbents, i.e clay, S. cerevisiae biomass, and S. cerevisiae biomass immobilized on clay. Fractionated clay were obtained by reacting clay with KMnO4, H2SO4, and HCl. S. cerevisiae biomass was obtained by heating S. cerevisiae biomass from pure isolates. Immobilization of S. cerevisiae biomass in clay was carried out by mixing both in a ratio of 25:5 and 50:5 (mL biomass: g clay). The results of adsorbent characterization by FTIR showed that the functional groups in immobilized S. cerevisiae biomass with a ratio of 50:5 (mL biomass: g clay) were Si-OH, Si-O-Si, N-H, O-H, and C-H. Adsorption of Ni2+ ions in each adsorbent was carried out by the batch method using the parameters of concentration and contact time. The concentration of the remaining Ni2+ ions was analyzed using AAS. The capability of adsorption of Ni2+ ions in each adsorbent, optimum at a concentration of 50 mg/L with a contact time of 120 minutes. Whereas the optimum adsorption capacity of Ni2+ ions by clay, S. cerevisiae biomass, and immobilized S. cerevisiae biomass, were respectively 0.0013 mg/g, 0.0139 mg/mL and 0.0005 mg/g, while the adsorption energies were 16.684, 10.735 and 19.084 kJ/mol, respectively.
Analysis of Partial shading Effect on Solar Panel Power Output
Authors: Giyantara Andhika , Wisyahyadi  , Rizqullah Rifqi Bagja , Kusuma Priyanto Yun Tonce 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Enlarging solar power plants are increasing. This increase is to reduce compatibility with the use of fossil fuel electricity. Utilization of solar power plants is mostly used for street lighting and home industries. Solar power plants must rely on solar irradiation received on solar panels. The output power is also changed by large values from external factors such as partial shading. Partial shading is a condition that is closed / blocked by some cells in the solar panel. The application of partial shading is mostly only used with simulation software. However, in this final project research is carried out the implementation of partial shading and analysis to determine the effect on the output power that occurs in solar panels in actual environmental conditions. The application is made to know the output power during normal and partial shading conditions and to know the partial effect on the solar panel output power. The maximum value of the power produced in solar panels is 298.50 W. The maximum power value that can be obtained when a partial shade occurs is 141.13 W and the partial shade that occurs in the solar panel causes the power to increase under normal conditions.
On the influence of biomimetic shark skin in dynamic flow separation
Authors: Guo Pengming , Zhang Kai , Yasuda Yuji , Yang Wenchao , Galipon Josephine , Rival David E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The effect of shark skin on the boundary-layer separation process under dynamic conditions (maneuvers) has been studied experimentally. We use a foil covered with biomimetic shark skin to explore how this type of surface impacts boundary-layer dynamics in both steady and accelerating conditions. The effect of denticles is assessed via particle image velocimetry in the wake. It is shown that dynamic conditions and small-scale disturbances can mitigate boundary-layer separation through instantaneous modification of the local pressure-gradient distribution. For instance, the region of favourable pressure gradient can be extended by accelerating the foil. The acceleration results in a thinner separated shear layer on the foil surface when compared to the steady reference case. This remarkable difference indicates that local roughness (introduced through for instance biomimetic shark skin) may trigger an interaction with relatively large-scale structures in the boundary layer for effective boundary-layer control during unsteady propulsion and maneuvering.
Influence of non-biodegradable wastes on mechanical properties of concrete – A Neural Network approach
Authors: Sridhar J , Vivek D 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe environmental pollution due to different non-biodegradable waste is not only making the surroundings vulnerable but also makes a serious defect on the humans. Because of the non-biodegradable property of plastics, decomposition is not possible which makes them remain in the environment for a longer period creating ecological problems. These non-biodegradable materials will be a significant source of plastic waste management if these materials can be substituted as a construction material by using in concrete. An experimental investigation is made on the usage of Non-Biodegradable plastic ravage materials as fine aggregates in M20 concrete with substitution from 0%, to 50% by weight of fine aggregate. Subsequently, the ravage glass powder is included in concrete as a substitution for cement with a percentage of replacement of 0% and 5% by weight of cement. Specimen for concrete in compression, tension and flexure are tested for 28 days curing. The experimental outcome shows that concrete with 10% replacement of plastic waste by weight of fine aggregate with 5% replacement of glass powder by weight of cement had an elevated influence on the mechanical properties. Further Artificial Neural Network Analysis is performed to validate the experimental results. The classification of Neural networks (NN), such as -Leven Berg-Marquardt (NN-LM) and Gradient Descent (NN-GD) is used to perform the analysis.