bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of gestational weight gain on placental weight: A single tertiary referral center study of Japanese women
Authors: Jin Toki , Kyozuka Hyo , Fukuda Toma , Fujimori Mimori , Murata Tsuyoshi , Nomura Shinji , Suzuki Daisuke , Nomura Yasuhisa , Imamura Takashi , Yasuda Shun , Yamaguchi Akiko , Fujimori Keiya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThe effect of gestational weight gain on placental weight has not been elucidated. We aimed to examine the effect of body weight gain during pregnancy on the Japanese standardized z‐score of placental weight, based on the pre‐pregnancy body mass index.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included Japanese women with singleton pregnancies who gave birth during 2013–2019 at Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital. Participants (n = 3610) were categorized by their pre‐pregnancy body mass index: G1 (<18.5 kg/m2), G2 (18.5 to <20.0 kg/m2), G3 (20.0 to <23.0 kg/m2), G4 (23.0 to <25.0 kg/m2), and G5 (≥25.0 kg/m2). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify associations between insufficient or excessive gestational weight gain in each body mass index category and z‐score of placental weight, with adjustments for maternal age, assisted reproductive technology, and maternal pre‐pregnancy conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, myoma uteri, and uterine anomalies.ResultsAmong the 3610 women assessed, 479, 692, 1292, 435, and 711 were in G1–G5, respectively. In G1, G3, and G4, excessive weight gain increased the placental weight z‐score ([B: 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23–0.76], [B: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.19–0.33], and [B: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.10–0.26]). Insufficient weight gain decreased the placental weight z‐score in G3 (B: −0.19, 95% CI: −0.33 to −0.06) and G4 (B: −0.21, 95% CI: −0.29 to −0.13) women.ConclusionThe effect of weight gain during pregnancy on placental size varies by pre‐pregnancy body mass index. This result may guide personalized pre‐conception counseling to improve the outcomes of offspring.
Periodontal disease inequities among Indigenous populations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nath Sonia , Poirier Brianna , Ju Xiangqun , Kapellas Kostas , Haag Dandara , Jamieson Lisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of periodontal disease varies considerably between Indigenous and general populations. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the global prevalence of periodontal disease among Indigenous populations in comparison with non‐Indigenous populations. A systematic electronic search of databases and grey literature sources was conducted of all records through to February 2021. Study selection criteria included original data that reported the prevalence of periodontal diseases among an Indigenous population and compared with a non‐Indigenous population, without any restriction on age, sex, language or geographical location. Critical appraisal was conducted with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool for prevalence studies. A random‐effects model using standardised mean difference (SMD) as the effect measure was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of periodontitis. Subgroup analysis of study location and publication source was also performed. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test, and funnel plots were used for visualisation. A total of 19 articles were included for descriptive and meta‐analysis. The overall prevalence of periodontitis was 35% (95% CI: 0.18, 0.52) higher among the Indigenous population than the non‐Indigenous population. The pooled prevalence of periodontitis was consistently higher among the Indigenous populations when stratified according to periodontitis definition employed, study location and publication source. Indigenous populations have a higher prevalence of periodontitis than non‐Indigenous populations. To decrease oral health inequities, more emphasis should be given to oral health promotion and specific culturally safe interventions working in partnership with Indigenous populations.
Context‐dependent effects of glucocorticoids on the lizard gut microbiome
Authors: MacLeod Kirsty J. , Kohl Kevin D. , Trevelline Brian K. , Langkilde Tracy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe vertebrate gut microbiota (bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities of the gastrointestinal tract) can have profound effects on the physiological processes of their hosts. Although relatively stable, changes in microbiome structure and composition occur due to changes in the environment, including exposure to stressors and associated increases in glucocorticoid hormones. Although a growing number of studies have linked stressor exposure to microbiome changes, few studies have experimentally explored the specific influence of glucocorticoids on the microbiome in wild animals, or across ecologically important processes (e.g., reproductive stages). Here we tested the response of the gut microbiota of adult female Sceloporus undulatus across gestation to ecologically relevant elevations of a stress‐relevant glucocorticoid hormone (CORT) in order to determine (i) how experimentally elevated CORT influenced microbiome characteristics, and (ii) whether this relationship was dependent on reproductive context (i.e., whether females were gravid or not, and, in those that were gravid, gestational stage). We show that the effects of CORT on gut microbiota are complex and depend on both gestational state and stage. CORT treatment altered microbial community membership and resulted in an increase in microbiome diversity in late‐gestation females, and microbial community membership varied according to treatment. In nongravid females, CORT treatment decreased interindividual variation in microbial communities, but this effect was not observed in late‐gestation females. Our results highlight the need for a more holistic understanding of the downstream physiological effects of glucocorticoids, as well as the importance of context (here, gestational state and stage) in interpreting stress effects in ecology.
History or demography? Determining the drivers of genetic variation in North American plants
Authors: López‐Delgado Julia , Meirmans Patrick G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the impact of historical and demographic processes on genetic variation is essential for devising conservation strategies and predicting responses to climate change. Recolonization after Pleistocene glaciations is expected to leave distinct genetic signatures, characterised by lower genetic diversity in previously glaciated regions. Populations’ positions within species ranges also shape genetic variation, following the central‐marginal paradigm dictating that peripheral populations are depauperate, sparse and isolated. However, the general applicability of these patterns and relative importance of historical and demographic factors remains unknown. Here, we analysed the distribution of genetic variation in 91 native species of North American plants by coupling microsatellite data and species distribution modelling. We tested the contributions of historical climatic shifts and the central‐marginal hypothesis on genetic diversity and structure on the whole data set and across subsets based on taxonomic groups and growth forms. Decreased diversity was found with increased distance from potential glacial refugia, coinciding with the expected make‐up of postglacially colonised localities. At the range periphery, lower genetic diversity, higher inbreeding levels and genetic differentiation were reported, following the assumptions of the central‐marginal hypothesis. History and demography were found to have approximately equal importance in shaping genetic variation.
Spatial and host related genomic variation in partially sympatric cactophagous moth species
Authors: Poveda‐Martínez Daniel , Varone Laura , Fuentes Corona Malena , Hight Stephen , Logarzo Guillermo , Hasson Esteban 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSurveys of patterns of genetic variation in natural sympatric and allopatric populations of recently diverged species are necessary to understand the processes driving intra‐ and interspecific diversification. The South American moths Cactoblastis cactorum, Cactoblastis doddi and Cactoblastis bucyrus are specialized in the use of cacti as host plants. These species have partially different geographic ranges and differ in patterns of host plant use. However, there are areas that overlap, particularly, in northwestern Argentina, where they are sympatric. Using a combination of genome‐wide SNPs and mitochondrial data we assessed intra and interspecific genetic variation and investigated the relative roles of geography and host plants on genetic divergence. We also searched for genetic footprints of hybridization between species. We identified three well delimited species and detected signs of hybridization in the area of sympatry. Our results supported a hypothetical scenario of allopatric speciation in the generalist C. cactorum and genetic interchange during secondary geographic contact with the pair of specialists C. bucyrus and C. doddi that probably speciated sympatrically. In both cases, adaptation to new host plants probably played an important role in speciation. The results also suggested the interplay of geography and host plant use as drivers of divergence and limiting gene flow at intra and interspecific levels.
How chance explains
Authors: Hicks Michael Townsen , Wilson Alastair 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhat explains the outcomes of chance processes? We claim that their setups do. Chances, we think, mediate these explanations of outcome by setup but do not feature in them. Facts about chances do feature in explanations of a different kind: higher‐order explanations, which explain how and why setups explain their outcomes. In this paper, we elucidate this 'mediator view' of chancy explanation and defend it from a series of objections. We then show how it changes the playing field in four metaphysical disputes concerning chance. First, it makes it more plausible that even low chances can have explanatory power. Second, it undercuts a circularity objection against reductionist theories of chance. Third, it redirects the debate about a prominent argument against epistemic theories of chance. Finally, it sheds light on potential chancy explanations of the Universe's origin.
Physical performance after pediatric solid organ transplantation
Authors: Mäenpää Heidi , Tainio Juuso , Jalanko Hannu , Arokoski Jari , Jahnukainen Timo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionLow physical activity is a well‐recognized problem in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients; however, little is known about the differences between transplant groups. Physical performance testing was performed in a cohort of pediatric kidney, liver, and heart transplant recipients.MethodsFifty‐one patients (54.9% boys), including 17 liver, 20 kidney, 2 combined liver‐kidney, and 12 heart transplant recipients, were tested at the median age of 11.5 (7.5–14.9) years. The results were compared with a control group, which consisted of 425 healthy schoolchildren. The physical performance test included six different tests of endurance, strength, flexibility, and speed.ResultsThe transplant recipients performed worse on most tests when compared with the control subjects (leg‐lift test 42.0 vs. 44.9 repetitions, p = .002; repeated squatting 21.6 vs. 23.9 repetitions, p < .001; sit‐up test 9 vs. 17 vs. 9 repetitions, p < .001, back extension 20 vs. 35 repetitions, p < .001; and shuttle run test 26.5 vs. 23.7 seconds, p < .001). None of the test results differed statistically significantly between the transplant groups.ConclusionThe physical performance of pediatric solid organ transplant recipients is lower than that of their healthy peers but do not differ between different transplant groups. More systematic rehabilitation programs and follow‐up are needed.
A Neonatal ABO non‐compatible heart transplant from a circulatory‐determined death donor using NRP/Cold storage
Authors: Gil‐Jaurena Juan‐Miguel , Pérez‐Caballero Ramón , Murgoitio Uxue , Pardo Carlos , Pita Ana , Calle Corazón , Camino Manuela , Medrano Constancio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDonation after Circulatory death is gaining worldwide acceptance. Most protocols regard their first cases to be performed with donor and recipient in the same institution. Few records of children or distant procurement have been published.MethodsOur institution was offered a heart from a 3‐day‐old, 3.4‐kg child, blood group A, suffering irreversible encephalopathy. Parents accepted withdrawal of life‐sustaining therapy and agreed to donation. The donor hospital was located 340 km away. Concomitantly, a 2‐month‐old, 3.1 kg, blood group type B and with non‐compaction ventricles was awaiting for the heart transplant in our unit.ResultsThirty‐seven minutes after withdrawal of life‐sustaining therapy, the heart arrested. Five minutes afterwards, a sternotomy was performed. The supra‐aortic vessels were clamped altogether. Aorta and right appendage were cannulated and connected to heart‐lung machine. The innominate artery above the clamp was severed. The heart resumed spontaneous rhythm in less than 1 min. Ventilation was restored and extracorporeal circulation was maintained for 32 min. Upon cardiologic arrest, the graft was harvested as routinely. The heart was cold‐stored and transported by plane to our Hospital. An orthotopic bicaval transplant was performed. Overall cold ischaemia was 245 min. Ten weeks later, the child was discharged home in good condition.ConclusionDonation in circulatory death could increase the pool in neonates. Extracorporeal circulation proves successful for procurement in neonates. Distant procurement plus cold storage for donation in circulatory death is feasible. Donation in circulatory death and ABO non‐compatible strategies are complementary to each other.
Suffering as significantly disrupted agency
Authors: Corns Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article offers a new theory of suffering as significantly disrupted agency. In presenting it, I here make three significant contributions. First, I subject the leading account of suffering as undesired unpleasant experience (Brady, 2018) to its first dose of sustained scrutiny. Second and drawing on this discussion, I identify and liberate eight desiderata for any account of suffering. Third, I present the novel account of suffering as significantly disrupted agency and argue that it satisfies these desiderata. Moreover, I argue that elaborating this proposal with a minimal model of agency allows us to capture both the suffering of a wide range of organisms and the complex dynamics of suffering as it is endured. I conclude by briefly highlighting some of the potential implications of the theory for further theoretical and practical inquiries.
Summer temperatures reach the thermal tolerance threshold of photosynthetic decline in temperate conifers
Authors: Kunert N. , Hajek P. , Hietz P. , Morris H. , Rosner S. , Tholen D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Climate change‐related environmental stress has been recognized as a driving force in accelerating forest mortality over the last decades in Central Europe. Here, we aim to elucidate the thermal sensitivity of three native conifer species, namely Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and silver fir (Abies alba), and three non‐native species, namely Austrian pine (Pinus nigra), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica).

Thermal sensitivity, defined here as a decline of the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) with increasing temperature, was measured under varying levels of heat stress and compared with the turgor loss point (πtlp) as a drought resistance trait. We calculated three different leaf thermotolerance traits: the temperature at the onset (5%) of the Fv/Fm decline (T5), the temperature at which Fv/Fm was half the maximum value (T50) and the temperature at which only 5% Fv/Fm remained (T95).

T5 ranged from 38.5 ± 0.8 °C to 43.1 ± 0.6 °C across all species, while T50 values were at least 9 to 11 degrees above the maximum air temperatures on record for all species. Only Austrian pine had a notably higher T5 value than recorded maximum air temperatures. Species with higher T5 values were characterized by a less negative πtlp compared to species with lower T5.

The six species could be divided into ‘drought‐tolerant heat‐sensitive’ and ‘drought‐sensitive heat‐tolerant’ groups. Exposure to short‐term high temperatures thus exhibits a considerable threat to conifer species in Central European forest production systems.
Genome structure and evolution in the cruciferous tribe Thlaspideae (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Bayat Soheila , Lysak Martin A. , Mandáková Terezie 
Published: October 2021

SummaryWhole‐genome duplications (WGDs) and chromosome rearrangements (CRs) play the key role in driving the diversification and evolution of plant lineages. Although the direct link between WGDs and plant diversification is well documented, relatively few studies focus on the evolutionary significance of CRs. The cruciferous tribe Thlaspideae represents an ideal model system to address the role of large‐scale chromosome alterations in genome evolution, as most Thlaspideae species share the same diploid chromosome number (2n = 2x = 14). Here we constructed the genome structure in 12 Thlaspideae species, including field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) and garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata). We detected and precisely characterized genus‐ and species‐specific CRs, mostly pericentric inversions, as the main genome‐diversifying drivers in the tribe. We reconstructed the structure of seven chromosomes of an ancestral Thlaspideae genome, identified evolutionary stable chromosomes versus chromosomes prone to CRs, estimated the rate of CRs, and uncovered an allohexaploid origin of garlic mustard from diploid taxa closely related to A. petiolata and Parlatoria cakiloidea. Furthermore, we performed detailed bioinformatic analysis of the Thlaspideae repeatomes, and identified repetitive elements applicable as unique species‐ and genus‐specific barcodes and chromosome landmarks. This study deepens our general understanding of the evolutionary role of CRs, particularly pericentric inversions, in plant genome diversification, and provides a robust base for follow‐up whole‐genome sequencing efforts.
Exploring an Energy-Based Model in Comminution
Authors: Hosseini Poorya , Gharib Nima , Derakhshandeh Javad Farrokhi , Radziszewski Peter 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Comminution devices use about 50% of the total energy in mine sites due to low efficiency and wastefulness of their operations. This study aims to provide a framework for improving efficiency of comminution processes by discretizing the relative distribution of various energy forms in the comminution process. Comminution theories are mainly based on the ore's size distribution and consequently do not adequately address other imperative phenomena such as media wear and energy utilization efficiency. We suggest an energy-based methodology that provides a common ground for comparing seemingly different aspects involved in comminution, most notably ore breakage, the media wear, and energy utilization efficiency. The experimental tests here were conducted using the Steel Wheel Abrasion Test (SWAT) highlighting the relationship between test variables, including media wear, ore breakage and energy efficiency. In addition, preliminary experimental results show interesting connections between various energy forms involved in comminution that is of high use in future design and performance optimization of comminution devices.
Analysis of the Reflooding Process in Degraded Particle Beds by Simulations of the Debris Test Facility With the Severe Accident Analysis Code ASTEC V2.1 and COCOMO Code
Authors: Peschel Jan M. , Bratfisch Christoph , Koch Marco K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As part of a national research project RUB PSS investigates the cooling process of degraded core sections like debris beds and melt pools. Focus of these works is the simulation of the DEBRIS test facility located at IKE in Stuttgart with both the integral code ASTEC V2.1, developed by IRSN in France, and COCOMO, developed by IKE.
In this work, the simulation of two bottom flooding experiments with similar temperature and pressure conditions but different particle types will be presented. The selected tests will be simulated with both a fixed input signal and a gravity-driven quench water flow similar to the actual test conditions. Focus of the analysis is on a comparison of the calculated and experimental results to validate the codes capabilities to simulate the most relevant phenomena which occur while quenching dry and overheated particle formations under varying thermohydraulic conditions. ASTEC is validated using numerous experiments like the PEARL tests that are comparable to those conducted within the DEBRIS test facility and disposes a well-developed model basis for the simulation of late phase phenomena. The resulting temperature evolutions are in good accordance with the experimental results. This is also reflected by the evolution of the quench front and also applies to the conducted COCOMO simulations. The released amount of steam is overestimated by both codes and leaves room for improvement.
Wall Materials Effects on Sheltered Indoor Doses From an SMR Hypothetical Accident Release
Authors: Sugitatsu Yamato , Revankar Shripad T. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Small modular reactors (SMRs) are expected as a suitable candidate to fulfill energy needs in the future. The regulation of the emergency planning zone (EPZ) has been a controversial issue. The possibility of smaller EPZs because of their small core size and passive safety functions has still under discussion. The major emergency responses to radiological incidents in the early phase are evacuation from the area and sheltering-in-place within a building. Comparison between the dose incurred during evacuation and that with sheltering-in-place is necessary to consider the proper protective actions. This study focuses on effect of wall materials on indoor doses for sheltered population from small modular reactor severe accident. The source term came from loss of coolant accident or station blackout, and the time change of air concentration and the ground deposition data was calculated with RASCAL, a software developed by NRC to provide dose projection around the plant. Then general one-story and two-story houses were set up, and 6 wall materials were selected for calculating indoor doses. Cloudshine and groundshine were calculated with Monte Carlo methods, and the shielding function of each house was evaluated by comparing the indoor dose with outdoor dose. The result will be a basis for calculating the radiological dose for sheltered cases in case of nuclear emergency for SMR, which will be valuable to have a more effective emergency planning.