bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The conserved Tpk1 regulates non-homologous end joining double-strand break repair by phosphorylation of Nej1, a homolog of the human XLF
Authors: Jessulat Matthew , Amin Shahreen , Hooshyar Mohsen , Malty Ramy , Moutaoufik Mohamed Taha , Zilocchi Mara , Istace Zoe , Phanse Sadhna , Aoki Hiroyuki , Omidi Katayoun , Burnside Daniel , Samanfar Bahram , Aly Khaled A , Golshani Ashkan , Babu Mohan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The yeast cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is a ubiquitous serine–threonine kinase, encompassing three catalytic (Tpk1–3) and one regulatory (Bcy1) subunits. Evidence suggests PKA involvement in DNA damage checkpoint response, but how DNA repair pathways are regulated by PKA subunits remains inconclusive. Here, we report that deleting the tpk1 catalytic subunit reduces non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) efficiency, whereas tpk2-3 and bcy1 deletion does not. Epistatic analyses revealed that tpk1, as well as the DNA damage checkpoint kinase (dun1) and NHEJ factor (nej1), co-function in the same pathway, and parallel to the NHEJ factor yku80. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and resection data suggest that tpk1 deletion influences repair protein recruitments and DNA resection. Further, we show that Tpk1 phosphorylation of Nej1 at S298 (a Dun1 phosphosite) is indispensable for NHEJ repair and nuclear targeting of Nej1 and its binding partner Lif1. In mammalian cells, loss of PRKACB (human homolog of Tpk1) also reduced NHEJ efficiency, and similarly, PRKACB was found to phosphorylate XLF (a Nej1 human homolog) at S263, a corresponding residue of the yeast Nej1 S298. Together, our results uncover a new and conserved mechanism for Tpk1 and PRKACB in phosphorylating Nej1 (or XLF), which is critically required for NHEJ repair.
LSH catalyzes ATP-driven exchange of histone variants macroH2A1 and macroH2A2
Authors: Ni Kai , Muegge Kathrin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLSH, a homologue of the ISWI/SNF2 family of chromatin remodelers, is required in vivo for deposition of the histone variants macroH2A1 and macroH2A2 at specific genomic locations. However, it remains unknown whether LSH is directly involved in this process or promotes other factors. Here we show that recombinant LSH interacts in vitro with macroH2A1–H2B and macroH2A2–H2B dimers, but not with H2A.Z–H2B dimers. Moreover, LSH catalyzes the transfer of macroH2A into mono-nucleosomes reconstituted with canonical core histones in an ATP dependent manner. LSH requires the ATP binding site and the replacement process is unidirectional leading to heterotypic and homotypic nucleosomes. Both variants macroH2A1 and macroH2A2 are equally well incorporated into the nucleosome. The histone exchange reaction is specific for histone variant macroH2A, since LSH is not capable to incorporate H2A.Z. These findings define a previously unknown role for LSH in chromatin remodeling and identify a novel molecular mechanism for deposition of the histone variant macroH2A.
Guanidine-II aptamer conformations and ligand binding modes through the lens of molecular simulation
Authors: Steuer Jakob , Kukharenko Oleksandra , Riedmiller Kai , Hartig Jörg S , Peter Christine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Regulation of gene expression via riboswitches is a widespread mechanism in bacteria. Here, we investigate ligand binding of a member of the guanidine sensing riboswitch family, the guanidine-II riboswitch (Gd-II). It consists of two stem–loops forming a dimer upon ligand binding. Using extensive molecular dynamics simulations we have identified conformational states corresponding to ligand-bound and unbound states in a monomeric stem–loop of Gd-II and studied the selectivity of this binding. To characterize these states and ligand-dependent conformational changes we applied a combination of dimensionality reduction, clustering, and feature selection methods. In absence of a ligand, the shape of the binding pocket alternates between the conformation observed in presence of guanidinium and a collapsed conformation, which is associated with a deformation of the dimerization interface. Furthermore, the structural features responsible for the ability to discriminate against closely related analogs of guanidine are resolved. Based on these insights, we propose a mechanism that couples ligand binding to aptamer dimerization in the Gd-II system, demonstrating the value of computational methods in the field of nucleic acids research.
The p-orbital magnetic topological states on a square lattice
Authors: You Jing-Yang , Gu Bo , Su Gang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Honeycomb or triangular lattices were extensively studied and thought to be proper platforms for realizing the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE), where magnetism is usually caused by d orbitals of transition metals. Here we propose that a square lattice can host three magnetic topological states, including the fully spin-polarized nodal loop semimetal, QAHE and the topologically trivial ferromagnetic semiconductor, in terms of the symmetry and k · p model analyses that are material independent. A phase diagram is presented. We further show that the above three magnetic topological states can indeed be implemented in the two-dimensional (2D) materials ScLiCl5, LiScZ5 (Z=Cl, Br) and ScLiBr5, respectively. The ferromagnetism in these 2D materials is microscopically revealed from p electrons of halogen atoms. This present study opens a door to explore the exotic topological states as well as quantum magnetism from p-orbital electrons by means of the material-independent approach.
First Do No Harm: Moving Beyond Universal Preprocedural Testing for COVID-19
Authors: Penney Jessica , Shah Sajani , Doron Shira 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Preprocedural testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was introduced early in the pandemic in an effort to protect health care workers, direct appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and improve patient outcomes. In light of our appreciation for the efficacy of PPE and the nuances associated with interpretation of polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS-CoV-2, particularly as community transmission decreases, we call for a re-evaluation of universal preprocedural testing. We propose a transition to a patient-centered approach, focusing on testing patients whose outcomes would be improved by a delayed procedure in the event of a positive test and a greater reliance on appropriate PPE rather than preprocedural test results. We recommend that a community infection rate threshold be set at which point preprocedural testing is discontinued, understanding that there is an inflection point at which testing downsides outweigh the benefits.
Do Constitutional Preferences Affect Citizens’ Representational Choices? Evidence from the Devolved UK
Authors: Convery Alan , Parker David C W , Haines Pavielle E , Johnson Sheridan , Schmidt Rachel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe creation of the Scottish Parliament provided Scottish citizens with an additional layer of politicians to represent them. But to whom do constituents turn when seeking help with a problem—councillors, MSPs or MPs? We assess how partisanship, national identity and shared competences affect public perceptions of the governing responsibilities of the UK Parliament, Scottish Parliament and local councils. We find that an individual’s national identity considerably affects perceptions of the political powers delegated to Scottish political institutions. We conclude by considering the implications for efforts to further devolve powers to the devolved legislatures in the UK.
Cooled Radiofrequency Ablation of the Trochanteric Branch of the Nervus Femoralis to Treat Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome
Authors: Abd-Elsayed Alaa , Cui Chen , Eckmann Maxim S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
Greater trochanteric pain syndrome is a common cause of lateral hip pain. Corticosteroid injections are commonly utilized as nonsurgical interventions; however, they are not effective for all patients. This technical case report describes a method for treating greater trochanteric pain syndrome by utilizing cooled radiofrequency ablation.

Methods
The trochanteric branch of the nervus femoralis is identified as providing sensory innervation to the greater trochanter and its surrounding structures. We have identified fluoroscopic targets to block the nerve and perform cooled radiofrequency ablation. We present two patient cases which demonstrated significant pain relief of greater trochanteric pain syndrome with this treatment.

Conclusions
Cooled radiofrequency ablation of the trochanteric branch of the nervus femoralis is a potential treatment for greater trochanteric pain syndrome. This procedure provides a potential steroid-sparing interventional treatment based on reproducible fluoroscopic landmarks.
Participation in Online Platforms: Examining Variations in Intention to Participate across Citizens from Diverse Sociodemographic Groups
Authors: van den Berg Annelieke C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Theory about the participants in online citizen participation is scarce, limiting government’s ability to design online participation in such a way that many and diverse citizens are facilitated to participate. To fill this gap, this article theorizes about the factors that influence the intention of citizens from diverse sociodemographic backgrounds to participate in online platforms. The theory of planned behavior is used as theoretical lens, which posits that behavioral intentions depend on three main factors (attitude, perceived norm, and perceived behavioral control), which are in turn informed by behavioral, normative, and control beliefs. To identify relevant beliefs that impact online participation, an open-ended questionnaire was administered among 442 respondents. Fourteen behavioral and control beliefs are defined using thematic analysis. Building on these insights, the article formulates propositions about beliefs that are particularly influential for specific sociodemographic groups, in an effort to advance theory about online participation of citizens.
The notion of Kapwa amid Asian hate
Authors: Macaraan Willard Enrique R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In a letter to the editor, the author has expressed how a Chinese notion of ren is a powerful tool to negate the stigma of racial discrimination among Asian people. I would argue that within the Filipino psyche, the notion of kapwa or “shared self” can be an equivalent socio-normative ideal that can be utilized towards not just countering the ill effects of social discrimination but also fostering deep communal and group solidarity among people, regardless of race, color and ethnicity.
Unamuno on suffering and Frankl’s ‘will to meaning’: a philo-logotherapeutic advice to humankind here and beyond and the role of social relations towards mental fitness
Authors: Pacaol Niñoval F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Humankind is both historically and existentially exposed to various traumatic and disastrous experiences including the COVID-19 pandemic. The Spanish philosopher Miguel de Unamuno argued that part of humans’ consciousness is the awareness of death and suffering. He argued that the latter is an essential feature of existence. Whereas Viktor Frankl’s logotherapy stresses that humans’ primary motivational force is to find meaning in life particularly in the midst of suffering. This paper attempts to enrich Unamuno and Frankl’s contentions on persons’ nature to suffer and discover meaning. Through this construction, the author believes it could help individuals to properly embrace and adapt to the inevitable sufferings of the world and bolsters mental health like in the current pandemic.
An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Social Identity Transition in Academic Retirement
Authors: Miron Anca M , Branscombe Nyla R , Ball Thomas C , McFadden Susan H , Haslam Catherine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOne of the most serious challenges inherent in retirement transition is coping with social identity changes. We investigated social identity processes and the role of social engagement during retirement transition by examining the life narratives of recently retired university faculty (14 males and 5 females) from 12 different academic areas. The interviews were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The results revealed one overarching theme—the centrality and importance of academic identity—and 3 identity transition processes with their associated goals: identity continuity, identity change, and identity conservation. Four additional themes captured the manifestations of these identity processes as they play out in the lived experiences of identity transition among these recent academic retirees: awareness of negative aspects in academia and perceived lack of fit between self and academia; social disidentification with academic identity; identity discovery and seeking old and new identities; and embracing old and new identities, including hobby-related and place-anchored activities. Maintaining and transforming parts of their former identities, as opposed to an active search for new connections, was a prevalent strategy among the participants. We discuss implications for designing strategies to better prepare recent academic retirees and academics who are considering retirement to enable a smoother identity transition and improved well-being.
Perinatal Outcomes of Two Screening Strategies for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Davis Esa M. , Abebe Kaleab Z. , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Catalano Patrick , Costacou Tina , Comer Diane , Orris Steven , Ly Kathleen , Decker Alison , Mendez Dara , Day Nancy , Scifres Christina M. 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate differences in short-term perinatal outcomes between the two prominent screening strategies for gestational diabetes mellitus, the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) and Carpenter-Coustan.

METHODS:
In this single-site, blinded, randomized, comparative effectiveness trial, participants received a nonfasting 50-g oral glucose tolerance test and, if less than 200 mg/dL (less than 11.1 mmol/L), were randomized to further screening with either IADPSG or Carpenter-Coustan criteria. Gestational diabetes treatment occurred per routine clinical care. The primary outcome was incidence of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates. Prespecified secondary outcomes included small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates, cesarean birth, and neonatal and maternal composites of adverse perinatal outcomes. Assuming a 15% incidence of LGA neonates in the Carpenter-Coustan group, 782 participants provided more than 80% power to detect a 7% absolute risk reduction with the use of IADPSG; planned recruitment was 920 for anticipated attrition.

RESULTS:
From June 2015 to February 2019, 1,016 participants were enrolled and 921 were randomized to IADPSG (n=461) or Carpenter-Coustan (n=460) groups. Gestational diabetes incidence (14.4% vs 4.5%, P<.001) and diabetes medication use (9.3% vs 2.4%; P<.001) were more common in the IADPSG group; there were no differences in LGA neonates, either overall (risk reduction 0.90, 97.5% CI 0.53–1.52) or among women without gestational diabetes (risk reduction 0.85, 97.5% CI 0.49–1.48). Those screened with IADPSG had higher rates of neonatal morbidity but fewer study-related adverse events. Rates of SGA neonates, cesarean birth, and maternal morbidity composite did not differ significantly between study groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
The IADPSG screening criteria resulted in more women diagnosed and treated for gestational diabetes than Carpenter-Coustan without reducing the incidence of LGA birth weight or maternal or neonatal morbidity.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02309138.
Association of Acute Kidney Injury Receiving Kidney Replacement Therapy With Prognosis of Critically Ill Patients With and Without Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Druml Wilfred , Zajic Paul , Schellongowski Peter , Fellinger Tobias , Metnitz Barbara , Posch Martin , Metnitz Philipp G. H. 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To assess outcomes of cancer patients receiving kidney replacement therapy due to acute kidney injury in ICUs and compare these with other patient groups receiving kidney replacement therapy in ICUs.

DESIGN:
Retrospective registry analysis.

SETTING:
Prospectively collected database of 296,424 ICU patients.

PATIENTS:
Patients with and without solid cancer with acute kidney injury necessitating kidney replacement therapy were identified and compared with those without acute kidney injury necessitating kidney replacement therapy.

INTERVENTIONS:
Descriptive statistics were used to ascertain prevalence of acute kidney injury necessitating kidney replacement therapy and solid cancer in ICU patients. Association of acute kidney injury necessitating kidney replacement therapy and cancer with prognosis was assessed using logistic regression analysis. To compare the attributable mortality of acute kidney injury necessitating kidney replacement therapy, 20,154 noncancer patients and 2,411 cancer patients without acute kidney injury necessitating kidney replacement therapy were matched with 12,827 noncancer patients and 1,079 cancer patients with acute kidney injury necessitating kidney replacement therapy.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Thirty-five thousand three hundred fifty-six ICU patients (11.9%) had solid cancer. Acute kidney injury necessitating kidney replacement therapy was present in 1,408 (4.0%) cancer patients and 13,637 (5.2%) noncancer patients. Crude ICU and hospital mortality was higher in the cancer group (646 [45.9%] vs 4,674 [34.3%], p < 0.001, and 787 [55.9%] vs 5,935 [43.5%], p < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, odds ratio (95% CI) for hospital mortality was 1.73 (1.62–1.85) for cancer compared with no cancer 3.57 (3.32–3.83) for acute kidney injury necessitating kidney replacement therapy and 1.07 (0.86–1.33) for their interaction. In the matched subcohort, attributable hospital mortality of acute kidney injury necessitating kidney replacement therapy was 56.7% in noncancer patients and 48.0% in cancer patients.

CONCLUSIONS:
Occurrence rate of acute kidney injury necessitating kidney replacement therapy and prognosis in ICU patients with solid cancer are comparable with other ICU patient groups. In cancer, acute kidney injury necessitating kidney replacement therapy is associated with higher crude hospital mortality. However, the specific attributable mortality conveyed by acute kidney injury necessitating kidney replacement therapy is actually lower in cancer patients than in noncancer patients. Diagnosis of cancer per se does not justify withholding kidney replacement therapy.
Combating Constraints of the Functional Matrix: The Importance of Overcorrection in Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery
Authors: Do Nicholas T. K. , Buchman Steven R. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
To effectively manipulate the bone, particularly in the growing patient, the craniofacial surgeon must understand the principles related to bone-based reconstruction. A theory of craniofacial growth that is both biologically accurate and clinically relevant is thus needed.

Methods:
A historical review of major findings across various disciplines (including orthopedic surgery, anatomy, embryology, orthodontics, and cell biology) will be covered, as it pertains to the concept of the functional matrix of the craniofacial skeleton.

Results:
The functional matrix dictates the interplay between the soft tissue envelope and bone grafts, thus guiding donor site choice and inset methods. The soft tissue may also warrant the use of bony hypercorrection especially in cranial vault remodeling. Control of both bone and boundaries of the soft tissue functional matrix can be achieved via distraction osteogenesis.

Conclusion:
The soft tissue functional matrix must be accounted for during craniofacial bone grafting, mobilizing osteotomies, and distraction osteogenesis if optimal aesthetic results are to be obtained using the least amount of procedures.
Machine Learning Demonstrates High Accuracy for Disease Diagnosis and Prognosis in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Mantelakis Angelos , Assael Yannis , Sorooshian Parviz , Khajuria Ankur 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Machine learning (ML) is a set of models and methods that can detect patterns in vast amounts of data and use this information to perform various kinds of decision-making under uncertain conditions. This review explores the current role of this technology in plastic surgery by outlining the applications in clinical practice, diagnostic and prognostic accuracies, and proposed future direction for clinical applications and research.

Methods:
EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from 1990 to 2020. Any clinical studies (including case reports) which present the diagnostic and prognostic accuracies of machine learning models in the clinical setting of plastic surgery were included. Data collected were clinical indication, model utilised, reported accuracies, and comparison with clinical evaluation.

Results:
The database identified 1181 articles, of which 51 articles were included in this review. The clinical utility of these algorithms was to assist clinicians in diagnosis prediction (n=22), outcome prediction (n=21) and pre-operative planning (n=8). The mean accuracy is 88.80%, 86.11% and 80.28% respectively. The most commonly used models were neural networks (n=31), support vector machines (n=13), decision trees/random forests (n=10) and logistic regression (n=9).

Conclusions:
ML has demonstrated high accuracies in diagnosis and prognostication of burn patients, congenital or acquired facial deformities, and in cosmetic surgery. There are no studies comparing ML to clinician's performance. Future research can be enhanced using larger datasets or utilising data augmentation, employing novel deep learning models, and applying these to other subspecialties of plastic surgery.