bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULINS: I. LEVELS IN NORMAL CHILDREN AND IN UNCOMPLICATED CHILDHOOD ALLERGY
Authors: Buckley Rebecca H. , Dees Susan C. , O'Fallon W. Michael 
Published: December 2021

In 201 normal individuals from infancy to adulthood, serum concentrations of immunoglobulins G, A, and M are presented as geometric mean values (mg/l00 ml) and as percents of adult mean values for each of these proteins. A statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between age and both IgG and IgA concentrations up to ages 6 and 7 years. No correlation was present between age and immunoglobulin concentrations beyond that time, suggesting that the adult concentrations of IgG and IgA are normally reached and maintained after ages 6 and 7 years. In contrast, analysis of the IgM data suggested that the adult value is reached by age 1 year. No truly significant differences were found in immunoglobulin concentrations which could be attributed to sex. Significantly higher concentrations of IgG were found in normal Negro than in normal Caucasian subjects after age 6 years, but no significant differences were found below this age for IgG or at any age for IgA and IgM.
Similarly determined serum immunoglobulins in 85 allergic children, selected because they had no complicating illnesses, were compared with the normal group according to the age of the child. No significant differences were found in concentrations of either IgG or IgA. Some differences were found in IgM, but these were small and were primarily associated with the relationship of IgM to age in the allergic group.
BENIGN RECURRENT CHOLESTASIS IN A CHILD
Authors: Stark Harry 
Published: December 2021

A 17-month-old female patient developed signs of biliary obstruction, as evidenced by jaundice, pale stools, severe pruritus, bilirubinuria, and slightly elevated serum levels of cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase. These signs remitted spontaneously after 6 months. During the subsequent 5 years, the child suffered eight further such episodes, recurring at irregular intervals and lasting 1 to 6 months. During icteric episodes, BSP retention was increased and cholangiograms showed no biliary dye excretion. Laparotomy revealed no hepatic or biliary pathology.
Between periods of jaundice, all signs of biliary obstruction disappeared, BSP retention became normal and normal cholangiograms were obtained. Four liver biopsies, performed over 6 years, demonstrated marked cholestasis, with no distortion of the lobular pattern and no evidence of progressive histological changes.
The patient is believed to represent a further case of "benign recurrent cholestasis." In this condition, beginning in childhood or early adulthood, there is no evidence of progressive liver damage, despite numerous recurrences of biliary tract obstruction.
LIPID METABOLISM IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: Zee Paulus 
Published: December 2021

Triglyceride, cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations in the cord serum of 10 infants were determined and found to be considerably lower than in the mother's serum. The fatty acid compositions of the cord serum triglycerides and cholesteryl esters were significantly different from those of the mothers. The linoleate fraction of these esters was especially low.
Plasma triglyceride concentrations in full-term, healthy infants rose significantly 9 hours after birth. The fatty acid distribution of these triglycerides at 12 hours varied from that at birth; this difference was also reflected in reported plasma free fatty acids and suggests a precursory relationship. The plasma total cholesterol concentrations did not alter in the first 12 hours, nor did the fatty acid distribution of the cholesteryl esters change significantly.
A method to measure low concentrations of triglycerides in small samples is described.
The differences between maternal and cord serum lipids suggest that fetal lipids do not originate directly in the mother. The rise in plasma triglycerides is part of an increased fat mobilization occurring after birth.
INTRACTABLE DIARRHEA IN EARLY INFANCY
Authors: Avery Gordon B. , Villavicencio Olmedo , Lilly John R. , Randolph Judson G. 
Published: December 2021

Twenty infants with intractable diarrhea, whose onset was before 3 months of age, were analyzed. Twelve had identifiable pathological entities sufficient to explain their protracted diarrhea. A systematic diagnostic scheme for such babies is presented.
Eight of the 20 infants had no identifiable cause for diarrhea of such severity and refractoriness, and these babies were termed non-specific enterocolitis. Six of these latter eight babies died and at autopsy had widespread enterocolitis with destruction of the mucosa and inflammatory infiltration. The authors believe that in these latter cases, regardless of the initial cause of the diarrhea, certain vicious cycles came into play which perpetuated the diarrhea. Preliminary evidence suggests that colostomy and, perhaps adrenal corticosteroids, may be useful in the therapy of refractory enterocolitis, particularly if applied before the terminal stages of the disease.
IMMEDIATE AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF INTERVENTIONS EARLY IN PROLONGED HOSPITALIZATION
Authors: Rie Herbert E. , Boverman Harold , Grossman Burton J. , Ozoa Natividad 
Published: December 2021

Knowledge about their illness, anxiety level, and concern about hospitalization were studied in hospitalized children with rheumatic fever, who were either tutored about their illness or engaged in group psychotherapeutic meetings, within 3 weeks of hospitalization. Comparisons following these procedures revealed reduced anxiety in the tutored group, increased knowledge about rheumatic fever in both groups but not in a control group, and no difference with respect to concern about hospitalization. Nineteen months after discharge, neither group showed a decreased anxiety level, both showed far less concern about hospitalization, and the children given "psychotherapy" showed more lasting knowledge about rheumatic fever.
The potential, ultimate impact of minimal interventions during crises is noted and the described procedures constitute relatively economical means of helping hospitalized children with their distress and to gain knowledge of their illness.
Parental Acceptance of Delegated Pediatric Services
Authors: Skinner Alfred L. 
Published: December 2021

The Council on Pediatric Practice of the American Academy of Pediatrics has published a manual of standards1 which permits delegation of some well-child services to "pediatric assistants." For example, approximately half of a well baby's visits for health supervision might not involve the pediatrician personally.
When this proposal was discussed with colleagues, many expressed their preference to provide these services themselves as they were trained to do, and they doubted that the aide's services would be acceptable to parents in their practices. Therefore, a survey of parental acceptance of assistant's services seemed desirable.
In my practice 4 years ago I started such a plan for large families to improve their compliance2 with health supervision stalldards.
THE PULMONARY LYMPHATICS IN NEONATAL HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE
Authors: Lauweryns J. M. , Claessens St. , Boussauw L. 
Published: December 2021

Histometrical measurements have revealed that the mean diameter of the pulmonary lymphatics is consistently greater in the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, when compared to a control group of other newborns. This lymphangiectasis and congestion is most marked in the perivenous lymphatics, less in the peribronchial and periarterial, and least in the pleural lymphatics.
This hitherto unreported morphologic feature of hyaline membrane disease seems to be most closely related to the known disturbance of alveolocapillary barrier permeability; it remains, however, a challenge to the investigator as some anatomical and histophysiological characteristics of the lymphatics of the lung, together with other aspects of the disease (i.e., surfactant deficiency, even neonatal pulmonary arterial hypoperfusion and venous congestion) could play important roles as well.
A PHYSICIAN'S LETTER WRITTEN IN 1772 SUGGESTING TREATMENT FOR HIS AILING INFANT NEPHEW
Authors: Binns Jonathan , C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Few letters written by either English or American eighteenth century physicians about the treatment of sick infants have come down to us. Most of our information about the care of such infants comes from the handful of pediatric texts published in that century. The letter below, written by Dr. Jonathan Binns in 1772 to the parents of his ailing 11-month-old nephew, starkly points out the therapeutic limitations of pediatric practice two centuries ago. The infant about whom this letter was written had a high fever and was lethargic.
So far as I can judge from little Tommy's case, I think it proper that he continues sucking. If he would take any other sustenance I would advise you to give him a little red or white wine every day. He may, at different times, take about one Glass; but be very cautious of it if his eyes be somewhat sore and inflamed. Red port is preferable to white, provided he is sufficiently open in his belly. You might also try him to take once a day a few spoonfuls of weak broth made of the lean part of beef or mutton.1
When We Deal with Children, Selected Writings by Fritz Redl, M.D. New York: The Free Press, 1966, 511 pp., $8.95
Authors: Sussex James N. 
Published: December 2021

I began reading this book with some reluctance because I am not ordinarily enthusiastic about collections of an author's previous writings. Papers collected in such a fashion are frequently only peripherally related to each other, often lack continuity or central theme, and more often than not appear to have little other purpose than that of publishing another book.
I soon changed my mind as I read this book. Not only have I consolidated in my own mind many of the things Dr. Redl has said in the past about emotionally disturbed children but, in addition, I have gained a new and deeper understanding of him as a person and of his philosophy of working with children.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Klein Jerome O. , Haddow James E. , Young Lily M. 
Published: December 2021

We do not have data to respond adequately to Dr. Nespole's concern for the 6-hour ampicillin dosage schedule in acute meningitis. However, it is of interest that, on the 6-hour schedule, ampicillin sterilized the spinal fluid of our patient although the hemophilus was not eradicated at the distal site and orbital cellulitis and bacteremia resulted.1
Dr. Pryles's remarks on the need for therapy tailored to the individual patient are appreciated and we thank him for reiterating these points as made in the discussion and summary of our paper.
MANAGEMENT OF FEBRILE CONVULSIONS IN 1836
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

One of the most popular early nineteenth century American pamphlets written to help parents care for their children in sickness and in health was that written by Dr. G. Ackerley of New York City. A good example of his style is the following quotation to help mothers manage their child's febrile convulsion:
Fits in children are always attended with danger, and not a moment should be lost in sending for assistance. In the mean time strip the child of its clothes and place its feet and legs in cold water. Should its head be very hot, and the fits continue, pour a stream of cold water on the back of the child's head, holding it over a pail while its feet are still in the warm bath. Never plunge a child wholly in to the hot bath in cases of fits or convulsions, neither give it anything hot or stimulating to stop them; rather let it alone with what is already done until medical aid arrive (sic), then [for the parent] to proceed one step in doubt, when that step may lead to utter destruction of the life of the child.1
Febrile Convulsions, by J. Gordon Millichap, M.D., M.R.C.P. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1968, 239 pp., $7.95
Authors: Byers Randolph K. 
Published: December 2021

This rather modest-looking monograph deals not only with the large experiences of the author in relation to febrile seizures, but also presents an extensive review of the modern relevant literature (266 references in the bibliography).
The most useful point made in the book, it seems to me, is that febrile convulsions are just that: i.e., convulsions coinciding with fever, the result of illness not directly involving the brain or its meninges. Such a seizure may be an isolated occurrence in the life of the individual, or it may recur a few times with fever; it may be the first sign of idiopathic chronic epilepsy, or it may be evidence of more or less apparent cerebral injury of a static sort; or, it may be the presenting symptom heralding progressive cerebral disease.
FAMILY LIFE AND SEX EDUCATION
Authors:   Committee on School Health, Jennison M. Harry , Cone Thomas E. , Fischer Carl Castle , Hobart Harold M. , Hurd Arthur H. , Murdock C. George , Rogers Kenneth D. , Shultz Carl S. , Bustamante Werner ,   Committee on Infant and Preschool Child, Wakeman Edward T. , Adams William Curtis , Bates Talcott , Chenoweth Alice D. , Christy Raymond A. , Forsyth William B. , Lipow Herman W. , Miller Roland E. ,   Committee on Youth, Deisher Robert W. , Allen V. Robert , Bakwin Harry , Hammar S. L. , Hazard Sprague W. , Schroeder Albert J. , Shaffer Thomas E. , Welty John Allen , Wood Charles Louis 
Published: December 2021

The American Academy of Pediatrics is deeply concerned with the increasing social health problems in today's society, particularly those that relate to the function of the family as a unit and to the behavior of its children and youth. Some of the signs of the serious social, moral, and ethical crisis facing us are: increasing illegitimacy, early marriage, dangerous drug use, rising incidence of venereal disease, family fragmentation manifested in divorce, and lack of restraint within the mass media in presenting sexually stimulating material to young and immature persons.
It is the Academy's conviction that all segments of the society of responsible adults, lay and professional, must mobilize now in support of personal and collective action to help children and adolescents grow to a healthy maturity as intellectually, socially, and sexually secure individuals. We join with other national organizations, such as the National Congress of Parents and Teachers, the American Medical Association, the National Education Association, and support the interfaith statement of the nation's major religions in officially supporting health education, including family life and sex education. We urge programs that will create a vigorous and healthy social climate in which family life can flourish and which foster mature sexual behavior in each individual. With this larger goal in mind, we propose and endorse the following general programs and actions.
1. Every concerned adult, lay or professional, must be encouraged to examine his own values and behaviors in order to develop an openness which permits a meaningful rapport with children and youth.
Atlas of Strabismus, by Gunter K. von Noorden, M.D., and A. Edward Maumenee, M.D. St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company, 1967, 188 pp., $17.50
Authors: Costenbader Frank D. 
Published: December 2021

The authors state that this book is designed primarily for the ophthalmologist-in-training, the practicing ophthalmologist who confronts diagnosis of complex muscle problems only casionally, and for the orthoptist. Neither the format nor the information contained would be helpful to the pediatrician, but the book is of significant interest to the pediatric ophthalmologist (of whom there are 25 or 30 in North America now).
The Atlas outlines and beautifully illustrates the procedures in muscle diagnosis, but with a less thorough approach to therapy.
In Reply: Gas Leak Syndrome
Authors: Coleman Allan B. 
Published: December 2021

The warning about the "gas leak syndrome" is surely timely. The summertime is the season for checking the patency of flues and making certain that nesting birds have not obstructed chimney tops. Indeed, in some areas, bird and squirrel proof screens on chimneys are a necessity.
My own experience with each of two families is rather like that described by Moore and Finstone recently ("The Case of the Disappearing Headache," New Eng. J. Med., 278:1216, 1968), with recurrent symptoms which were worse at home and better away from home.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Lauweryns J. M. , Claessens St. , Bourgeois N. , Boussauw L. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Lauweryns and coworkers commented as follows:
Concerning our report, "The Pulmonary Lymphatics in Neonatal Hyaline Membrane Disease" (Pediatrics, 41:917, 1968), Dr. Daniel Stowens has pointed to two portions which he considers to be in error.
Of lesser importance is his questioning of our statement of having reported for the first time this general increase in diameter of the pulmonary lymphatics in hyaline membrane disease (HMD). Dr. Stowens, and other authors, may be unaware of our (J.M.L.) reports, which we consider the original observations, (1) to the forty-ninth Annual meeting of the Association des Anatomistes, held in Madrid, September 6-10, 1964 (published in the Bulletin de l'Association des Anatomistes, 49e Reunion, 127: 1015) and subsequently (2)to the Fifteenth Annual "Journées d'Etudes du nouveau-né, du prémature et du nourrisson" in Paris, October 15-20, 1964 (published in the January issue of the Archives Françises de Pédiatric, 22:5, 1965).
Intradermal Injections of Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Greenblatt Jacob 
Published: December 2021

Several colleagues and I have been administering 0.1 to 0.2 cc influenza vaccine intradermally into infants and children for a numher of years. This was based on a report on adults that intradermal injections give almost as high titers as subcutaneous.
The impression is that these injections were effective and without side effects. A systematic study should be done.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Carey William B. , Sibinga Maarten S. 
Published: December 2021

Drs. Carey and Sibinga comment on these two letters as follows.
Are there any other opinions from correspondents?
We are grateful to Dr. Work for his supportive comments on the issue of whether pediatricians should provide medical care for their friends' children.
The mention of the trends in family therapy is not exactly pertinent to our central thesis. The relationship described is still basically professional, although the therapist can become quite involved with the family.
Another Pigment in the Urine
Authors: Britton Howard A. , Hilton Charles B. 
Published: December 2021

This is apropos of the article by Dr. Thomas E. Cone, Jr., "Diagnosis and Treatment: Some Syndromes, Diseases, and Conditions Associated with Abnormal Coloration of the Urine or Diaper" (Pediatrics, 41:654. 1968).
Recently we have noted a blue-green discoloration of urine during the first 3 to 4 days of life from infants whose mothers had received intravenous methylene blue in conjunction with propitocain hydrochloride (Citanest registered) an anesthetic agent used for caudal anesthesia. Since this anesthetic agent is capable of producing methemoglobinemia, a number of obstetricians routinely administer 1 to 2 mg per kilogram of a 1% solution of methylene blue to the mother intravenously and this produces a blue-green color to the infant's urine.
PROPER LOCALIZATION OF UMBILICAL ARTERIAL AND VENOUS CATHETERS BY LATERAL ROENTGENOGRAMS
Authors: Baker David H. , Berdon Walter E. , James L. Stanley 
Published: December 2021

Widespread use of umbilical arterial and venous catheters to monitor the acid-base status of sick newborn infants has made proper placement of such catheters mandatory. Clinical assessment of their placement is poor. Radiographic localization is simple with anteroposterior and most important lateral films of the chest and abdomen. The venous and arterial course is totally different since the vein ascends anteriorly, while the artery descends to join the pelvic arteries before a posterior ascent into the aorta. The lateral film is optimal to identify inadvertent venous catheterization of a mesenteric vein or a wedged portal vein site. The lateral arterial view allows correction should the catheter slip into the ductus arteriosus and pulmonary arteries.
The arterial catheter placement is felt to be best situated either in the chest below the ductus or in the abdomen below the major arteries to avoid either irritation of their ostia or injection of highly alkaline agents into the kidneys or intestines.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: CHILDREN WITH FEVERS
Authors: Cone Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

In the infant the temperature rises on the most trivial cause; it may be lumpy faeces in the intestine, it may be a slight coryza. I have seen cases where even some irritation of the skin seemed sufficient cause; as the child grows older, similarly but less often, constipation, some slight deviation from a customary diet, or even some unwonted excitement may be sufficient cause for a rise in temperature.1
Sir George Frederic Still
STILL'S explanation of some of the causes of fever in the infant and child may not be acceptable to the contemporary practitioner, but none would doubt that the clinical thermometer has been both an instrument of great diagnostic value, yet often a source of undue parental anxiety. Ever since Traube in 1850 first recommended routine daily recording of the temperature of ill children, the normal diurnal variations of body temperature in infants and children remain of clinical interest-and at times misunderstanding. Parents and some physicians forget that no one temperature reading can be given as normal for all children at all times.
BODY TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
The internal temperature of the body can best be determined by a rectal thermometer. But, even rectal temperature readings may not be a true record of the body's deep temperature because of variations in the technic of using the thermometer. When, under experimental conditions, the thermometer is inserted 14 cm, the reading will be 0.3 to 2.4°F(0.2 to 1.3°C) higher than when it is inserted between 2 and 6 cm, as is the custom in clinical practice.