bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visibility estimation via deep label distribution learning in cloud environment
Authors: Song Mofei , Han Xu , Liu Xiao Fan , Li Qian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe visibility estimation of the environment has great research and application value in the fields of production. To estimate the visibility, we can utilize the camera to obtain some images as evidence. However, the camera only solves the image acquisition problem, and the analysis of image visibility requires strong computational power. To realize effective and efficient visibility estimation, we employ the cloud computing technique to realize high-through image analysis. Our method combines cloud computing and image-based visibility estimation into a powerful and efficient monitoring framework. To train an accurate model for visibility estimation, it is important to obtain the precise ground truth for every image. However, the ground-truth visibility is difficult to be labeled due to its high ambiguity. To solve this problem, we associate a label distribution to each image. The label distribution contains all the possible visibilities with their probabilities. To learn from such annotation, we employ a CNN-RNN model for visibility-aware feature extraction and a conditional probability neural network for distribution prediction. The estimation result can be improved by fusing the predicting results of multiple images from different views. Our experiment shows that labeling the image with visibility distribution can boost the learning performance, and our method can obtain the visibility from the image efficiently.
Substance use and HIV stage at entry into care among people with HIV
Authors: Parrish Canada , Whitney Bridget M. , Nance Robin M. , Puttkammer Nancy , Fishman Paul , Christopoulos Katerina , Fleming Julia , Heath Sonya , Mathews William Christopher , Chander Geetanjali , Moore Richard D. , Napravnik Sonia , Webel Allison , Delaney Joseph , Crane Heidi M. , Kitahata Mari M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Information regarding the impact of substance use on the timing of entry into HIV care is lacking. Better understanding of this relationship can help guide approaches and policies to improve HIV testing and linkage.

Methods
We examined the effect of specific substances on stage of HIV disease at entry into care in over 5000 persons with HIV (PWH) newly enrolling in care. Substance use was obtained from the AUDIT-C and ASSIST instruments. We examined the association between early entry into care and substance use (high-risk alcohol, methamphetamine, cocaine/crack, illicit opioids, marijuana) using logistic and relative risk regression models adjusting for demographic factors, mental health symptoms and diagnoses, and clinical site.

Results
We found that current methamphetamine use, past and current cocaine and marijuana use was associated with earlier entry into care compared with individuals who reported no use of these substances.

Conclusion
Early entry into care among those with substance use suggests that HIV testing may be differentially offered to people with known HIV risk factors, and that individuals with substances use disorders may be more likely to be tested and linked to care due to increased interactions with the healthcare system.
Investigation of possible transmission of a susceptible microorganism through a contaminated duodenoscope; a case report
Authors: Kwakman Judith A. , Rauwers Arjan W. , Klaassen Corné H. W. , Bruno Marco J. , Vos Margreet C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite compliance to extensive reprocessing protocols, duodenoscopes have been linked to outbreaks of susceptible and multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) due to persistent duodenoscope contamination. Duodenoscope-associated infections (DAIs) based on transmission of susceptible microorganisms are likely to be underreported due to detection bias.

Case presentation
We describe the retrospective detection of a DAI case caused by a susceptible microorganism which at the time of clinical infection was not recognized as such. During 2017 and 2018, duodenoscopes were cultured on a daily basis due to research activities. While analyzing this data, it was found that a duodenoscope had been contaminated with Enterobacter cloacae complex over a period of 3 months. We checked whether patients treated with this duodenoscope had developed infections and found one patient with an E. cloacae cholangitis 3 months after the ERCP (Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography) procedure. The isolates on the duodenoscope and in the patients’ blood culture were indistinguishable by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). By classical multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), both strains were of the same (but novel) sequence type. Application of whole genome MLST showed 93 (out of 3757) allelic differences.

Conclusion
This case report describes a plausible link between a contaminated duodenoscope and a patient infection with E. cloacae. Transmission of susceptible E. cloacae was highly suspected from AFLP and MLST results; by WGS, 93 allelic differences were found which proves closely related strains. This report shows that DAIs by susceptible microorganisms can be easily missed and therefore its true prevalence remains underscored.
First case of low-dose umbilical cord blood therapy for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
Authors: Liu Shuang , Shen Huili , Huang Siyuan , Liu Rong , Qu Dong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to present the case of a boy with acute distress syndrome (ARDS) treated with low-dose umbilical cord blood (UCB) therapy and explore the underlying possible mechanism.

Methods
A 7-year-old boy with severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and severe ARDS was treated with allogeneic UCB as salvage therapy.

Results
The patient did not improve after being treated with lung protective ventilation, pulmonary surfactant replacement, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for 30 days. However, his disease reversed 5 days after allogeneic UCB infusion, and he weaned from ECMO after 7 days of infusion. Bioinformatics confirmed that his Toll-like receptor (TLR) was abnormal before UCB infusion. However, after the infusion, his immune system was activated and repaired, and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway was recovered.

Conclusion
Allogenic UCB could treat ARDS by repairing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby achieving stability of the immune system.
Forecasting potential yields under uncertainty using fuzzy cognitive maps
Authors: Al-Gunaid Mohammed A. , Salygina Irina I. , Shcherbakov Maxim V. , Trubitsin Vladislav N. , Groumpos Peter P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study is identification of factors influencing the reduction of the potential maximum yield of winter wheat in weather conditions of dry farming in European part of Russia, Volgograd region. The novelty of the work is forecasting potential yields under uncertainty that allows to assess the risks and potential threats that can influence and maximize the potential yield. To solve this problem, the tool for formalization, analysis and modeling of semi-structured systems and processes Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) is used.ResultsBased on disparate and heterogeneous information about the multitude of external influences on crop formation during plant photosynthesis, a model for analyzing the level of influencing factors on the target factor is constructed and an effective control impact scenario is developed. This model is used to identify the factors, where each one of them iteratively passes from the initial value to the stable one according to the chosen formula, based on which, the influence of the factors on each other are determined.ConclusionsThe conclusions obtained as a result of the work confirm the concept of precision farming: the quantity and quality of innovation in agriculture depends on the ability to apply it effectively in the field. Developed method of predicting potential yield levels can be used not only to model future agricultural performance, but also to estimate harvested yields.
Amateur ballet practicing, body image and eating behaviors: a comparative study of classical ballet dancers, gym users and sedentary women
Authors: de Medeiros Eufrásio Ruty Eulália , Ferreira Rannapaula Lawrynhuk Urbano , Leal Leilane Lílian Araújo , Avelino Erikarla Baracho , da Costa Pelonha Rafaela Nayara , da Cruz Carvalho Maria Clara , de Medeiros Torres Carlos Henrique , de Sousa Praseres Ana Luísa , de Paiva Lima Filho Marcos , Mota Ana Carolina Costa Campos , Nunes Adriana Bezerra , Ferreira Diana Quitéria Cabral , de Lima Vale Sancha Helena , Maciel Bruna Leal Lima 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundBallet dancers are a risk group for body image (BI) distortion, dissatisfaction and eating disorders (ED), but few studies have investigated these aspects in amateur adult practitioners. This study aimed to evaluate if amateur female adult classical ballet dancers presented different BI and behaviors for ED than gym users and sedentary women.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study where classical ballet dancers (n = 19) were compared to gym users (n = 19) and sedentary women (n = 19). Body mass index (BMI) was assessed, and a figure rating scale was applied to assess BI distortion/dissatisfaction. The body shape questionnaire (BSQ) was used to measure BI concern. The eating attitudes test (EAT-26) and the bulimic investigatory test, Edinburgh (BITE) were used for behaviors toward anorexia and bulimia.ResultsBMI was significantly lower in ballet dancers than gym users and sedentary women (F, p = .04). BI distortion did not differ among the studied groups. BI dissatisfaction was lower (X2, p = .041) in ballet dancers (75.0%) and gym users (70.6%) compared to sedentary women (100%). Correspondence analysis showed ballet dancers were mostly not concerned with BI, which was not observed among the other groups. The EAT-26 did not differ between the studied groups. The BITE score was lower (Tukey’s post hoc test,p = .005) in the ballet dancers [mean 5.3 (5.6)] compared to the sedentary women [mean 10.9 (4.8)].ConclusionsData suggest that amateur classical ballet practicing is associated to better BI and fewer behaviors for ED in the studied population. The lower BMI in ballet dancers might explain these findings, and further studies should explore these associations.
Prion strains associated with iatrogenic CJD in French and UK human growth hormone recipients
Authors: Douet Jean-Yves , Huor Alvina , Cassard Hervé , Lugan Séverine , Aron Naïma , Mesic Chloé , Vilette Didier , Barrio Tomás , Streichenberger Nathalie , Perret-Liaudet Armand , Delisle Marie-Bernadette , Péran Patrice , Deslys Jean-Philippe , Comoy Emmanuel , Vilotte Jean-Luc , Goudarzi Katayoun , Béringue Vincent , Barria Marcelo A. , Ritchie Diane L. , Ironside James W. , Andréoletti Olivier 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTreatment with human pituitary-derived growth hormone (hGH) was responsible for a significant proportion of iatrogenic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (iCJD) cases. France and the UK experienced the largest case numbers of hGH-iCJD, with 122 and 81 cases respectively. Differences in the frequency of the three PRNP codon 129 polymorphisms (MM, MV and VV) and the estimated incubation periods associated with each of these genotypes in the French and the UK hGH-iCJD cohorts led to the suggestion that the prion strains responsible for these two hGH-iCJD cohorts were different. In this study, we characterized the prion strains responsible for hGH-iCJD cases originating from UK (n = 11) and France (n = 11) using human PrP expressing mouse models. The cases included PRNP MM, MV and VV genotypes from both countries. UK and French sporadic CJD (sCJD) cases were included as controls. The prion strains identified following inoculation with hGH-iCJD homogenates corresponded to the two most frequently observed sCJD prion strains (M1CJD and V2CJD). However, in clear contradiction to the initial hypothesis, the prion strains that were identified in the UK and the French hGH-iCJD cases were not radically different. In the vast majority of the cases originating from both countries, the V2CJD strain or a mixture of M1CJD + V2CJD strains were identified. These data strongly support the contention that the differences in the epidemiological and genetic profiles observed in the UK and France hGH-iCJD cohorts cannot be attributed only to the transmission of different prion strains.
Diabetes mellitus and HIV infection among active tuberculosis patients in Northwest Ethiopia: health facility-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Tulu Begna , Amsalu Eden , Zenebe Yohannes , Abebe Melkamu , Fetene Yeshimebet , Agegn Manamnot , Abate Alemayehu , Ponpetch Keerati , Bekana Teshome , Gumi Balako , Ameni Gobena 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing globally and its comorbidity with tuberculosis (TB) is re-emerging, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Objective
The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of DM and HIV infection and their associated risk factors among active tuberculosis patients in Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between February 1st and June 30th, 2017 among active TB patients in two hospitals of Northwest Ethiopia. Two hundred and sixty-seven active TB cases aged 18 years or older were screened for diabetes using fasting blood glucose (FBG) test. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect demographic data, lifestyle habits and clinical data. Identification of pre-diabetes or diabetes in TB patients was achieved according to American Diabetes Association guidelines (2016).

Results
Prevalence of DM and TB comorbidity was 11.5% (95% confidence interval, CI 7.8–15.2) compared to 24.9% (95% CI 20.1–30.1) for pre-diabetes. Prevalence of HIV/TB co-infection was 21.9% (95% CI 16.7–26.8). Risk of DM was higher in TB patients from a rural location (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 3.13, 95% CI 1.02–9.62, p = 0.046). Similarly, DM was higher in TB patients who have a family history of DM (aOR 4.54, 95% CI 1.31–15.68, p = 0.017). Furthermore, HIV/TB co-infection was identified as a predictor of DM comorbidity in active TB patients (aOR 5.11, 95% CI 2.01–12.98, p = 0.001).

Conclusion
The magnitude of DM and pre-diabetes in active TB patients in Northwest Ethiopia was high, warranting collaborative efforts to improve screening and adopt better clinical management strategies for DM–TB comorbid patients. Furthermore, being rural residents, family history of DM and HIV/TB co-infection were found to associate with DM among TB patients, highlighting the importance of the above-mentioned risk factors in the clinical management of this comorbidity.
From “satisfaction of search” to “subsequent search misses”: a review of multiple-target search errors across radiology and cognitive science
Authors: Adamo Stephen H. , Gereke Brian J. , Shomstein Sarah , Schmidt Joseph 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor over 50 years, the satisfaction of search effect has been studied within the field of radiology. Defined as a decrease in detection rates for a subsequent target when an initial target is found within the image, these multiple target errors are known to underlie errors of omission (e.g., a radiologist is more likely to miss an abnormality if another abnormality is identified). More recently, they have also been found to underlie lab-based search errors in cognitive science experiments (e.g., an observer is more likely to miss a target ‘T’ if a different target ‘T’ was detected). This phenomenon was renamed the subsequent search miss (SSM) effect in cognitive science. Here we review the SSM literature in both radiology and cognitive science and discuss: (1) the current SSM theories (i.e., satisfaction, perceptual set, and resource depletion theories), (2) the eye movement errors that underlie the SSM effect, (3) the existing efforts tested to alleviate SSM errors, and (4) the evolution of methodologies and analyses used when calculating the SSM effect. Finally, we present the attentional template theory, a novel mechanistic explanation for SSM errors, which ties together our current understanding of SSM errors and the attentional template literature.
Impact of body mass index on duplex parameters of cranial vessels among the Egyptian population
Authors: Rageh Tarek A. , Ghazally Mostafa , Mohamed Khaled O. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Obesity is a major health problem that affects different vascular systems, including cerebrovascular circulation. Carotid duplex is the best screening tool for early diagnosis of cerebrovascular changes in relation to different risk factors including obesity. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of body mass index on the parameters of extracranial vessels in healthy subjects using vascular duplex ultrasonography.

Results
The intimal medial thickness in the common carotid is found to increase as the body mass index and body weight increase (directly related), with this increase being significant (P-value < 0.05).

Conclusion
These findings indicate that increase in body mass index can adversely affect duplex parameters of the common carotid artery.
Clinical trial registration NCT03252652. Registered August 16th 2017
Temporal and nutritional effects on the weaner pig ileal microbiota
Authors: Pollock Jolinda , Glendinning Laura , Smith Lesley A. , Mohsin Hamna , Gally David L. , Hutchings Michael R. , Houdijk Jos G. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The porcine gastrointestinal microbiota has been linked to both host health and performance. Most pig gut microbiota studies target faecal material, which is not representative of microbiota dynamics in other discrete gut sections. The weaning transition period in pigs is a key development stage, with gastrointestinal problems being prominent after often sudden introduction to a solid diet. A better understanding of both temporal and nutritional effects on the small intestinal microbiota is required. Here, the development of the porcine ileal microbiota under differing levels of dietary protein was observed over the immediate post-weaning period.

Results
Ileal digesta samples were obtained at post-mortem prior to weaning day (day − 1) for baseline measurements. The remaining pigs were introduced to either an 18% (low) or 23% (high) protein diet on weaning day (day 0) and further ileal digesta sampling was carried out at days 5, 9 and 13 post-weaning. We identified significant changes in microbiome structure (P = 0.01), a reduction in microbiome richness (P = 0.02) and changes in the abundance of specific bacterial taxa from baseline until 13 days post-weaning. The ileal microbiota became less stable after the introduction to a solid diet at weaning (P = 0.036), was highly variable between pigs and no relationship was observed between average daily weight gain and microbiota composition. The ileal microbiota was less stable in pigs fed the high protein diet (P = 0.05), with several pathogenic bacterial genera being significantly higher in abundance in this group. Samples from the low protein and high protein groups did not cluster separately by their CAZyme (carbohydrate-active enzyme) composition, but GH33 exosialidases were found to be significantly more abundant in the HP group (P = 0.006).

Conclusions
The weaner pig ileal microbiota changed rapidly and was initially destabilised by the sudden introduction to feed. Nutritional composition influenced ileal microbiota development, with the high protein diet being associated with an increased abundance of significant porcine pathogens and the upregulation of GH33 exosialidases—which can influence host-microbe interactions and pathogenicity. These findings contribute to our understanding of a lesser studied gut compartment that is not only a key site of digestion, but also a target for the development of nutritional interventions to improve gut health and host growth performance during the critical weaning transition period.
Implementation of a community-based low-calorie dietary intervention for the induction of type-2 diabetes and pre-diabetes remission: a feasibility study utilising a type 2 hybrid design
Authors: Quimby Kim R. , Sobers Natasha , George Colette , Greaves Natalie , Browman-Jones Francine , Samuels T. Alafia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aims of this feasibility study were to (1) examine the implementation of a community-based health advocate (CHA) training programme to develop the clinical skills needed to support a diabetes remission protocol based on a low-calorie diet (LCD) and (2) investigate if participant weight loss can be achieved and diabetes remission induced under these conditions.

Methods
This tripartite study followed a type 2 implementation-effectiveness design. Three faith-based organisations (FBOs) were purposively selected as study sites. Implementation outcomes were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. During the pre-implementation phase, site ‘readiness’ to facilitate the intervention was determined from a site visit and an interview with the FBOs’ leadership. During the implementation phase, congregants could volunteer for the 10-week CHA training which included practical exercises in weight, glucose and blood pressure (BP) measurement, and a summative practical assessment. Acceptability and implementation effectiveness were assessed via survey. During the intervention phase, other congregants and community members with T2DM or pre-diabetes and overweight were invited to participate in the 12-week LCD. Anti-diabetic medication was discontinued on day 1 of the intervention. Clinical effectiveness was determined from the change in weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and BP which were monitored weekly at the FBO by the CHA. HbA1C was performed at weeks 1 and 12.

Results
The FBOs were found to be ready as determined by their adequate resources and engagement in health-related matters. Twenty-nine CHAs completed the training; all attained a passing grade at ≥1 clinical station, indicating implementation effectiveness. CHA feedback indicated that the programme structure was acceptable and provided sufficient access to intervention-related material. Thirty-one persons participated in the LCD (11 T2DM:20 pre-diabetes). Mean (95%CI) weight loss was 6.0 kg (3.7 to 8.2), 7.9 kg in males vs 5.7 kg in females; A1C (%) decreased from 6.6 to 6.1, with a greater reduction in those with T2DM when compared to pre-diabetes. FBG decreased from 6.4 to 6.0mmol/L. T2DM remission rates were 60% and 90% by A1C<6.5% and FBG<7mmol/L respectively. Pre-diabetes remission was 18% and 40% by A1C<5.7% and FBG<5.6 respectively.

Conclusion
Implementation of a community-based diabetes remission protocol is both feasible and clinically effective. Its sustainability is to be determined. Adaptability to other disorders or other settings should be investigated.

Trial registration
NCT03536377 registered on 24 May 2018.