bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimated vs measured energy expenditure in ventilated surgical‐trauma critically ill patients
Authors: Kamel Amir Y. , Robayo Laura , Liang Debbie , Rosenthal Martin D. , Croft Chasen A. , Ghita Gabriela , Brumback Babette , Efron Philip A. , Mohr Alicia , Moore Frederick A. , Brakenridge Scott C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe American and European guidelines recommend measuring resting energy expenditure (REE) using indirect calorimetry (IC). Predictive equations (PEs) are used to estimate REE, but there is limited evidence for their use in critically ill patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the degree of agreement and accuracy between IC‐measured REE (REE‐IC) and 10 different PEs in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients with surgical trauma who met their estimated energy requirement.MethodsREE‐IC was retrospectively compared with REE‐PE by 10 PEs. The degree of agreement between REE‐PE and REE‐IC was analyzed by the Bland‐Altman test (BAt) and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The accuracy was calculated by the percentage of patients whose REE‐PE values differ by up to ±10% in relation to REE‐IC. All analyses were stratified by gender and body mass index (BMI; <25 vs ≥25).ResultsWe analyzed 104 patients and the closest estimate to REE‐IC was the modified Harris‐Benedict equation (mHB) by the BAt with a mean difference of 49.2 overall (61.6 for males, 28.5 for females, 67.5 for BMI <25, and 42.5 for BMI ≥25). The overall CCC between the REE‐IC and mHB was 0.652 (0.560 for males, 0.496 for females, 0.570 for BMI <25, and 0.598 for BMI ≥25). The mHB equation was the most accurate with an overall accuracy of 44.2%.ConclusionThe effectiveness of PEs for estimating the REE of mechanically ventilated surgical‐trauma critically ill patients is limited. [Correction added on 17 February 2022, after first online publication: The word “with” was deleted before “is limited” in the preceding sentence.] Nonetheless, of the 10 equations examined, the closest to REE‐IC was the mHB equation.
Comparing the effect of benzoic acid and cinnamic acid hydroxyl derivatives on polyphenol oxidase: activity, action mechanism, and molecular docking
Authors: Sun Yuefang , Zhou Lei , Liao Tao , Liu Junping , Yu Kaibo , Zou Liqiang , Zhou Wei , Liu Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolyphenol oxidase (PPO) is considered to have a key role in the food industry because it initiates enzymatic browning in the processing and storage of fruit and vegetables. Increasing numbers of benzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives have been found to be efficient inhibitors of polyphenol oxidase, but a comparison study on activity and action mechanism is lacking. In this study, 18 benzoic acid and cinnamic acid hydroxy derivatives were selected and investigated.RESULTSThree substrates, four activators and 11 inhibitors were identified from benzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives. 2,4‐Dihydroxycinnamic acid and benzoic acid showed the strongest inhibitory effect on PPO, with IC50 of 0.092 and1.425 mmol L−1, respectively. Benzoic acid reversibly inhibited PPO in a competitive manner, while 2,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid showed a mixed‐type inhibition. Both of them showed that static‐type fluorescence quenching and electrostatic interaction were the main driving force in the bonding process. Compared with benzoic acid, 2,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid more easily formed hydrogen bonds in the active site of PPO, making the interaction more stable.CONCLUSIONComparative analysis showed that the inhibition effect of cinnamic acid hydroxyl derivatives on PPO was stronger than that of benzoic acid derivatives. Benzoic acid and 2,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid were the strongest inhibitors. PPO inhibitors identified from benzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives are expected to be promising inhibitors for controlling fruit and vegetable browning. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Land use indirectly affects the cycling of multiple nutrients by altering the diazotrophic community in black soil
Authors: Yan Jun , Han Xiaozeng , Lu Xinchun , Chen Xu , Zou Wenxiu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiazotrophic bacteria, as one of most important group of soil microorganisms, play critical roles in multiple ecosystem functions (i.e., multifunctionality). However, little information is available about the diazotrophic community in driving soil nutrient cycling and multifunctionality at different depths with distinct vegetation in the black soil region of northeastern China. To learn the interactions among land use, cycling of multiple nutrients and the diazotrophic community, we performed this study in grassland (GL), forested land and a cropland (CL) in soils at depths of 0–15 cm and 15–35 cm.RESULTSThe highest nifH gene abundances were found in the CL treatment, while the highest diazotrophic species richness and diversity were detected in the GL in both soil layers. The nifH gene abundance was directly/positively correlated with soil bulk density and negatively correlated with land use and soil depth. The index of multiple nutrient cycling was directly/negatively affected by soil depth and indirectly/positively affected by land use. Land use directly/negatively affected soil pH and thus indirectly affected the diazotrophic community composition and the nutrient cycling index. The diversity and community composition of the diazotrophs together accounted for 95% of the differences in the multiple nutrient cycling index.CONCLUSIONSoil diazotrophic communities undertake important roles in maintaining nutrient cycling and soil multifunctionality at depths of 0–15 cm and 15–35 cm layers with different land uses of the black soil region of China. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Balanced branched‐chain amino acids modulate meat quality by adjusting muscle fiber type conversion and intramuscular fat deposition in finishing pigs
Authors: Zhang Lingyu , Li Fengna , Guo Qiuping , Duan Yehui , Wang Wenlong , Yang Yuhuan , Yin Yunju , Gong Saiming , Han Mengmeng , Yin Yulong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPork is an important food for humans and improving the quality of pork is closely related to human health. This study was designed to investigate the effects of balanced branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA)‐supplemented protein‐restricted diets on meat quality, muscle fiber types, and intramuscular fat (IMF) in finishing pigs.RESULTSThe results showed that, compared with the normal protein diet (160 g kg−1 crude protein), the reduced‐protein diet (120 g kg−1 crude protein) supplemented with BCAAs to the ratio of 2:1:2 not only had higher average daily gain (P < 0.05) and carcass weight (P < 0.05) but also improved meat tenderness and juiciness by decreasing shear force (P < 0.05) and increasing water‐holding capacity (P < 0.05). In particular, this treatment showed higher (P < 0.05) levels of phospho‐acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (P‐ACC) and peroxisome proliferation‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ), and lower (P < 0.05) levels of P‐adenosine 5‘‐monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (P‐AMPK), increasing the composition of IMF and MyHC I (P < 0.05) in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM). In terms of health, this group increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (P < 0.01) and desirable hypocholesterolemic fatty acids (DHFA) (P < 0.05), and decreased atherogenicity (AI) (P < 0.01) and hypercholesterolemic saturated fatty acids (HSFA) (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest a novel role for a balanced BCAA‐supplemented restricted protein (RP) diet in the epigenetic regulation of more tender and healthier pork by increasing IMF deposition and fiber type conversion, providing a cross‐regulatory molecular basis for revealing the nutritional regulation network of meat quality. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Monitoring of the Rioja red wine production process by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy
Authors: López‐Rituerto Eva , Sørensen Klavs M , Savorani Francesco , Engelsen Søren B , Avenoza Alberto , Peregrina Jesús M , Busto Jesús H 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs an inherently quantitative and unbiased analytical technique, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) provides an excellent method to monitor the quality of food and beverages, and a sensitive and informative tool to study the winemaking process.RESULTSBy using NMR, it is possible to monitor quantitative changes in wine metabolites (amino acids, organic acids and some phenolic compounds) during the winemaking process, including wine ageing. This study shows an increase in the concentration of the phenols at the beginning of alcoholic fermentation, as well as a stabilization and slight increase in gallic acid and a slight decrease in resveratrol during the oak barrel ageing step.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates the potential of NMR as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool in the wine industry, by monitoring amino acids, organic acids and three polyphenols – gallic acid, catechin and resveratrol – during the winemaking process. This study of the time course evolution of wine has been conducted in a commercial winery rather than an experimental laboratory, demonstrating the capacity of this technique in commercial winemaking production. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The determination of low oxygen threshold in garlic scapes during controlled atmosphere storage
Authors: Wang Hao , Xu Na , Peng Yong , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDGarlic scapes are susceptible to browning and rot during storage. In order to extend the storage time, controlled or modified atmosphere storage is usually used to maintain postharvest quality. However, low O2 or high CO2 damage easily occurs during atmosphere storage due to its respiration and unsuitable packaging. Therefore, the identification of low O2 threshold signal has been an urgent issue during atmosphere storage. This work investigated the quality changes and threshold signal during the controlled atmosphere storage of garlic scapes by the detection of ethanol and chlorophyll fluorescence.RESULTSThe results showed that 7% CO2/3% O2 treatment could effectively slow down the decrease of chlorophyll and ascorbic acid, inhibit the accumulation of ethanol and maintain good sensory quality. Under dynamic atmosphere, garlic scapes had a tolerable minimum O2 threshold of 1.5% by the detection of ethanol, respiratory quotient and chlorophyll fluorescence F0. However, no obvious fluorescence Fv/Fm breakpoint was detected during dynamic atmosphere storage.CONCLUSIONSEthanol and chlorophyll fluorescence F0 could be used as an indicator of low O2 damage during atmosphere storage of garlic scapes. The tolerable low O2 threshold was 1.5% O2 for garlic scapes storage. This work provided a new insight into the preservation of garlic scapes during atmosphere storage. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Simulated grazing and nitrogen addition facilitate spatial expansion of Leymus chinensis clones into saline‐alkali soil patches: Implications for Songnen grassland restoration in northeast China
Authors: Wang Jianyong , Xu Tongtong , Feng Xinyue , Zhu Wanyue , Zhang Li , Pan Duofeng , Akram Nudrat Aisha , Ma Quanhui , Zhong Zhiwei , Mahroof Sehrish , Wang Ling 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe spatial expansion characteristic of most clonal plant species makes them produce large networks by elongating rhizomes/stolons, and occupy more physical space; thus it could contribute to restoring patchy degraded grasslands. Grazing and fertilization may affect the expansion of clonal plants, and thus can affect the vegetation recovery of degraded grassland. However, these have never been tested under field conditions. A field study was conducted from 2014 to 2019 to evaluate the effects of simulated moderate grazing (SG) and nitrogen (N) addition on spatial expansion of Leymus chinensis, a widespread clonal plant species in the eastern part of the Eurasian steppe. Results showed that SG and N addition increased the number of L. chinensis ramets (small but intact modules units of this plants and with its own roots) growing in saline‐alkali soil patches; moreover, SG increased the total rhizome length and bud density of these ramets across the years by 59% and 52%, and N addition increased them by 88% and 98%, respectively. SG and N addition also increased the community biomass of the saline‐alkali soil patches by 27% and 74%, respectively. Under SG conditions, more biomass of L. chinensis was allocated to belowground organs, and to ramets growing in saline‐alkali soil patches. The findings demonstrated that both SG and N addition improved the spatial expansion of L. chinensis from favourable patches into saline‐alkali soil patches, thereby potential ramet recruitment and vegetation reconstruction. Moderate grazing management or fertilization could improve the restoration of patchy degraded grasslands by affecting the spatial expansion of clonal plants.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons accumulation in soil horizons of different temperate forest stands
Authors: Łyszczarz Stanisław , Lasota Jarosław , Błońska Ewa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPollution due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a serious environmental issue. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of stand species composition on PAH content. The research covered the stand soils of the Rybnik Forest District, which experiences some of the highest deposition of industrial emissions in Europe. Pine, pine–oak and oak stands growing in the same soil conditions were selected for the study. Samples for further analyses were collected from the organic, humus mineral and mineral soil horizons. The organic C and N concentrations, pH, alkaline cation content, microbiological biomass of C and N, soil enzyme activity, soil organic matter (SOM) fractions and PAH content were determined. The oak stand soils were characterised by the lowest accumulation of PAHs (2936.0 μg kg−1) with high biochemical activity expressed by enzyme activity (dehydrogenases, N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase, phosphatase) and high microbiological biomass. In contrast, pine stand soils are acidified; hence, SOM decomposition is slowed, resulting in a high accumulation of PAHs (3805.0 μg kg−1). A strong correlation (r = 0.825) between PAH accumulation and SOM free light fraction (fLF) C concentration was noted. The stand species composition plays an important role in shaping the quality and quantity of SOM and soil acidification, which is reflected in the microbial activity and PAH accumulation in forest soils. Such accumulation in forest soils is related to the fractional composition of SOM, which is due to the influence of species composition through the supplied biomass.
Deterministic and Universal Quantum Squeezing Gate with a Teleportation‐Like Protocol
Authors: Sun Xiaocong , Wang Yajun , Tian Yuhang , Wang Qingwei , Tian Long , Zheng Yaohui , Peng Kunchi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSqueezing transformation as an essential component of quantum information processing, gives rise to the possibility to perform various tasks such as distributed quantum computation and the quantum‐logic gate. However, the reported squeezing gate with best performance so far is realized with low success probability, while the performance of the deterministic ones is currently circumscribed by the limited squeezing degree of the nonclassical ancilla. To address this issue, a new scheme of deterministic and universal quantum squeezing gate with the property of nonlocal operation owing to the teleportation‐like protocol is developed and demonstrated. A high‐fidelity squeezing operation, even when the level of target squeezing being up to 10 dB, is demonstrated where a squeezed state with nonclassical noise reduction of 6.5 dB is directly observed. Moreover, a high‐fidelity complex operation including a Fourier transformation and a phase squeezing gate are performed, exploring the potential of implementing the complex task of quantum information processing with the presented functional unit. The method can be applied to distributed quantum processor, the creation of exotic nonclassical states, and quantum error correction.
Tailoring Optical Vortical Dichroism with Stereometamaterials
Authors: Liu Shunli , Ni Jincheng , Zhang Cong , Wang Xinghao , Cao Yang , Wang Dawei , Ji Shengyun , Pan Deng , Li Rui , Wu Hao , Xin Chen , Li Jiawen , Hu Yanlei , Li Guixin , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChiroptical response, investigating the interaction between photonic angular momenta and chiral media, is widely applied in optics and material science. In photonic spin angular momentum (SAM) dimension, tailoring circular dichroism (CD) is realized by varying chiral metamaterials for compact circular polarizers and enantiomer sensing. However, in photonic orbital angular momentum (OAM) dimension, tailorable chiroptical property by artificial metamaterials at a fixed operating wavelength remains elusive. Here, it is proposed and demonstrated that twisted stereometamaterials can yield OAM‐dependent tailorable vortical dichroism (VD) ranging from −97% to +98%. Engineering the geometrical parameters and symmetry of the twisted stereometamaterials can flexibly control the spectral characteristics of VD measurements such as sign, magnitude, and position. The twisted stereometamaterials, managing the transmission behaviors of light with various OAM, holds great promise for developing miniaturized components in integrated photonics and chiroptical spectroscopy.
Structure–Function Relationships of Human Milk Oligosaccharides on the Intestinal Epithelial Transcriptome in Caco‐2 Cells and a Murine Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Wu Richard Y. , Li Bo , Horne Rachael G. , Ahmed Abdalla , Lee Dorothy , Robinson Shaiya C. , Zhu Haitao , Cadete Marissa , Alganabi Mashriq , Filler Rachel , Johnson‐Henry Kathene C. , Delgado‐Olguin Paul , Pierro Agostino , Sherman Philip M. 
Published: December 2021

ScopeNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal emergency affecting preterm infants. Breastmilk protects against NEC, partly due to human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMO compositions are highly diverse, and it is unclear if anti‐NEC properties are specific to carbohydrate motifs. Here, this study compares intestinal epithelial transcriptomes of five synthetic HMOs (sHMOs) and examines structure–function relationships of HMOs on intestinal signaling.Methods and ResultsThis study interrogates the transcriptome of Caco‐2Bbe1 cells in response to five synthetic HMOs (sHMOs) using RNA sequencing: 2′‐fucosyllactose (2′‐FL), 3‐fucosyllactose (3FL), 6′‐siallyllactose (6′‐SL), lacto‐N‐tetraose (LNT), lacto‐N‐neotetraose (LNnT). Protection against intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation occurred in an HMO‐dependent manner. Each sHMO exerts a unique set of host transcriptome changes and modulated unique signaling pathways. There is clustering between HMOs bearing similar side chains, with little overlap in gene regulation which is shared by all sHMOs. Interestingly, most sHMOs protect pups against NEC, exerting divergent mechanisms on intestinal cell morphology and inflammation.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that while structurally distinct HMOs impact intestinal physiology, their mechanisms of action differ. This finding establishes the first structure–function relationship of HMOs in the context of intestinal cell signaling responses and offers a functional framework by which to screen and design HMO‐like compounds.
Evidence‐based guideline: Neuromuscular ultrasound for the diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow
Authors: Shook Steven J. , Ginsberg Matthew , Narayanaswami Pushpa , Beekman Roy , Dubin Andrew H. , Katirji Bashar , Swaminathan Bharathi , Werner Robert A. , Cartwright Michael S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe purpose of this literature review is to develop an evidence‐based guideline for the use of neuromuscular ultrasound in the diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE). The proposed research question was: “In patients with suspected UNE, does ulnar nerve enlargement as measured with ultrasound accurately identify those patients with UNE?”MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed, and studies were classified according to American Academy of Neurology criteria for rating articles for diagnostic accuracy.ResultsBased on Class I evidence in four studies, it is probable that neuromuscular ultrasound measurement of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, either of diameter or cross‐sectional area (CSA), is accurate for the diagnosis of UNE.RecommendationFor patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of ulnar neuropathy, clinicians should offer ultrasonographic measurement of ulnar nerve cross‐sectional area or diameter to confirm the diagnosis and localize the site of compression (Level B).
Dietary Incorporation of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis Mixture (DiPro Aqua) Ameliorates Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Intestinal Morphology in Rainbow Trout
Authors: Naraghi Morvarid , Shamsaie Mehrgan Mehdi , Manouchehri Hamed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the role of a commercial probiotic containing equal proportions (1:1) of Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis spores (1.6 × 1012 CFU/kg; DiPro Aqua) on the growth, immune response, and intestinal morphology of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. A total of 168 Rainbow Trout fry were randomly divided into four groups and were fed diets with different doses of DiPro Aqua (control: 0 CFU/kg; treatment 1 [T1]: 8 × 108 CFU/kg; T2: 16 × 108 CFU/kg; T3: 24 × 108 CFU/kg) for 56 d. The highest body weight gain and specific growth rate were obtained in the T2 and T3 groups. In addition, the highest feed conversion ratio was measured in the control group. The results showed that the serum total immunoglobulins and total protein content were increased in fish that were fed the T2 and T3 diets compared to those that received the T1 and control diets (P &lt; 0.05). The highest alternative complement pathway hemolytic activity was measured in T2 fish compared to the other groups. According to the antibacterial activity of the skin mucus samples against Yersinia ruckeri, dietary levels of DiPro Aqua improved the mucus bactericidal activity and the maximum effect was recorded in the T2 group. The dietary levels of the probiotic mixture, especially in T2, increased the villus length, villus width, and crypt depth within the distal intestine compared to those in the control group. In conclusion, the optimal dietary dose of DiPro Aqua to boost growth performance, immunity, and intestinal morphology in Rainbow Trout was 2.0 × 108 CFU/kg based on polynomial regression analysis.
Resource use of geriatric nurses due to documentation practices: A cross‐sectional study of applied recording techniques in nursing homes
Authors: Larjow Eugenia , Lingner Tobias 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo compare recent compliance cost estimates by nurses of German nursing homes who employ the new documentation approach structural model with those who use traditional documentation frameworks.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsFor each documentation approach, five sub‐processes were surveyed employing standard activities. The postal and online surveys were based on the same self‐administered questionnaire. The measures addressed time investments and further costs to carry out the components of nursing documentation. Data were collected from a convenience sample of nurses (n = 264) from German nursing homes between October 2018 and June 2019.ResultsThe analysed sub‐processes consume between 26 min and 8 hr per fulfilment. For users of the structural model, collecting information on a new admission is the costliest part of the documentation, at €90 per case. For users of other documentation approaches, care planning requires the most expensive effort, at €130 per case.