bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VarSAn: associating pathways with a set of genomic variants using network analysis
Authors: Xie Xiaoman , Kendzior Matthew C , Ge Xiyu , Mainzer Liudmila S , Sinha Saurabh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There is a pressing need today to mechanistically interpret sets of genomic variants associated with diseases. Here we present a tool called ‘VarSAn’ that uses a network analysis algorithm to identify pathways relevant to a given set of variants. VarSAn analyzes a configurable network whose nodes represent variants, genes and pathways, using a Random Walk with Restarts algorithm to rank pathways for relevance to the given variants, and reports P-values for pathway relevance. It treats non-coding and coding variants differently, properly accounts for the number of pathways impacted by each variant and identifies relevant pathways even if many variants do not directly impact genes of the pathway. We use VarSAn to identify pathways relevant to variants related to cancer and several other diseases, as well as drug response variation. We find VarSAn's pathway ranking to be complementary to the standard approach of enrichment tests on genes related to the query set. We adopt a novel benchmarking strategy to quantify its advantage over this baseline approach. Finally, we use VarSAn to discover key pathways, including the VEGFA-VEGFR2 pathway, related to de novo variants in patients of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, a rare and severe congenital heart defect.
DRAMP 3.0: an enhanced comprehensive data repository of antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Shi Guobang , Kang Xinyue , Dong Fanyi , Liu Yanchao , Zhu Ning , Hu Yuxuan , Xu Hanmei , Lao Xingzhen , Zheng Heng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Stapled antimicrobial peptides are an emerging class of artificial cyclic peptide molecules which have antimicrobial activity and potent structure stability. We previously published the Data Repository of Antimicrobial Peptides (DRAMP) as a manually annotated and open-access database of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In the update of version 3.0, special emphasis was placed on the new development of stapled AMPs, and a subclass of specific AMPs was added to store information on these special chemically modified AMPs. To help design low toxicity AMPs, we also added the cytotoxicity property of AMPs, as well as the expansion of newly discovered AMP data. At present, DRAMP has been expanded and contains 22259 entries (2360 newly added), consisting of 5891 general entries, 16110 patent entries, 77 clinical entries and 181 stapled AMPs. A total of 263 entries have predicted structures, and more than 300 general entries have links to experimentally determined structures in the Protein Data Bank. The update also covers new annotations, statistics, categories, functions and download links. DRAMP is available online at http://dramp.cpu-bioinfor.org/.
Postoperative Oral Antibiotics and Sinonasal Outcomes Following Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Tumors Study: A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Little Andrew S , Kshettry Varun R , Rosen Marc R , Rehl Ryan M , Haegen Timothy W , Rabinowitz Mindy R , Nyquist Gurston G , Recinos Pablo F , Sindwani Raj , Woodard Troy D , Farrell Christopher J , Santarelli Griffin D , Milligan John , Evans James J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Postoperative prophylactic antibiotics are commonly used in pituitary surgery, but evidence supporting their use is lacking, which has implications for antibiotic stewardship.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether receipt of postoperative oral antibiotics results in superior sinonasal quality of life (QOL) compared with placebo among patients who undergo endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

METHODS
Patients were randomized to receive either oral placebo or cefdinir (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients intolerant to cefdinir) for 7 d after surgery. They were monitored for 12 wk. The primary outcome measure was sinonasal QOL at 2 wk on the Anterior Skull Base Nasal Inventory-12. Supplementary end points included sinonasal QOL reported on the Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 and objective endoscopy scores to assess nasal healing according to the Lund-Kennedy method.

RESULTS
A total of 461 patients were screened, 131 were randomized, and 113 (placebo arm: 55; antibiotic arm: 58) were analyzed. There was no clinically meaningful or statistically significant difference in sinonasal QOL at any measured time point (P ≥ .24) using either instrument. Nasal cavity endoscopy scores were not significantly different at 1 to 2 wk after surgery (P = .25) or at 3 to 4 wk after surgery (P = .08).

CONCLUSION
Postoperative prophylactic oral antibiotics did not result in superior sinonasal QOL compared with placebo among patients who underwent standard endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery.
Vaping Disparities at the Intersection of Gender Identity and Race/Ethnicity in a Population-Based Sample of Adolescents
Authors: Felner Jennifer K , Andrzejewski Jack , Strong David , Kieu Talia , Ravindran Madhumitha , Corliss Heather L 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransgender adolescents use vape products (eg, e-cigarettes) at higher rates than cisgender adolescents. Little is known about how these disparities differ from the intersectional perspective of both gender identity and race/ethnicity.MethodsWe examined disparities in past 30-day vaping frequency at the intersection of gender identity and race/ethnicity among adolescents participating in two pooled waves of the population-based California Healthy Kids Survey (N = 953 445; 2017–2019). Generalized linear mixed models included gender identity-by-race/ethnicity interactions and adjusted for potential confounders. Stratified models quantified relationships between gender identity and vaping within race/ethnicity strata and between race/ethnicity and vaping within gender identity strata.ResultsTransgender adolescents of color were more likely to report a higher frequency of vaping than cisgender white adolescents. In models stratified by race/ethnicity, transgender adolescents evidenced greater odds of more frequent vaping than cisgender adolescents of the same race/ethnicity; disparities were greatest between transgender and cisgender Black adolescents (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 6.05, 95% CI: 4.76–7.68) and smallest between transgender and cisgender white adolescents (AOR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.06–1.35). In models stratified by gender identity, disparities were greatest between transgender Black and transgender white adolescents (AOR: 2.85, 95% CI: 2.20–3.70) and smallest between transgender multiracial and transgender white adolescents (AOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.05–1.58). Similar, though less consistent, patterns emerged for adolescents of color unsure of their gender identity relative to cisgender white adolescents.ConclusionTransgender adolescents of color may be especially vulnerable to vaping disparities. Future research should identify and intervene on causal mechanisms undergirding disparities.ImplicationsResearch finds that transgender adolescents use vape products at higher rates than their cisgender peers, however, little is known about how patterns of adolescent vaping may differ by both gender identity and race/ethnicity, information needed to inform culturally tailored prevention and control initiatives to decrease adolescent vaping disparities. Our analysis of data from a population-based adolescent health survey finds evidence of magnified disparities in vaping frequency among transgender adolescents of color.
Therapeutic supplementation with zinc in the management of COVID-19–related diarrhea and ageusia/dysgeusia: mechanisms and clues for a personalized dosage regimen
Authors: Santos Heitor O 
Published: July 2021

AbstractZinc supplementation is indicated for diarrhea and taste disorders, which are both features of COVID-19 . Nevertheless, this strategy has not been tested for the treatment of these secondary complications in the current pandemic. Through an updated review, a practical appraisal was considered as a means of providing a medical nexus of therapeutic zinc regimens as an adjunct in the management of COVID-19–related diarrhea and ageusia/dysgeusia. While diarrhea and taste disorders are consequences of COVID-19, zinc supplementation is useful for non–COVID-19 patients with these clinical problems. The overwhelming evidence for supplementing with zinc in diarrhea and pneumonia is associated with the treatment of children, while for taste disorders the use of supplementing with zinc is more examined in adults. Whereas COVID-19 is more prevalent in adults, precautions should be exercised not to translate the zinc dosage used for children with diarrhea and taste disorders into the current pandemic. Therapeutic doses of zinc used for adults (∼50–150 mg/day of elemental zinc) could be included in the treatment strategies for COVID-19, but this proposal should be examined through randomized studies.
Beethoven's String Quartet in C-sharp Minor, Op. 131
Authors: November Nancy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Beethoven’s String Quartet in C-sharp Minor, Op. 131 (1826) is firmly a part of the modern-day canon, and also makes its presence felt in popular culture, notably in film. Yet in recent times, the terms in which the work is discussed and presented tend to undermine the work’s power. Although it is held up as a masterpiece, Op. 131 has often been understood in monochrome terms, as a work portraying tragedy, struggle, loss, and lack. This book takes the modern-day listener well beyond these categories of adversity or deficit. It goes back to early reception documents, including Beethoven’s own writings about the work, to help the listener reinterpret the work and re-hear it. Analyses are geared toward allowing the reader to access earlier modes of listening and interpretation, those of listeners who celebrated the work precisely for its plenitude, its richness of invention or fantasy (in Beethoven’s own words). As connoisseur listeners of Beethoven’s day implied, Op. 131 is filled with diverse musical ideas (just like a fantasia), and with a new kind of string quartet writing that is calculated to promote sustained, engaged listening. Placing this work in the context of an emerging ideology of silent or “serious” listening in Beethoven’s Europe, the book considers how this particular “late” quartet could speak with special eloquence to a highly select but passionately enthusiastic audience. It also examines how and why the reception of Op. 131 has changed so profoundly from Beethoven’s time to our own.
Popular and Early Reception
Authors: November Nancy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chapter 2 takes in two popular contemporary reception documents—a film and a TV drama—which reinforce themes found in the reception of the work from Wagner onwards: lack, loss, and tragedy. The typical conflation of biography and work in the reception of late Beethoven is nicely exemplified by the 2012 film A Late Quartet. Sequences from the film help one to understand this work as a portrayal of struggle brought on by lack—of health, of power, of ability to express passion and love, and of time. The later reception, especially the popular later reception, contrasts sharply with the early reception of Op. 131, which underscores fantasy, fecundity, and plenitude.
“A new kind of part writing”
Authors: November Nancy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chapters 3 and 4 focus on Beethoven’s two statements that the work shows “a new kind of part writing” and “not less fantasy” than his previous works. The chapters explore, respectively, what each of these statements might have meant in terms of Beethoven’s compositional perspective, and in terms of performance and reception in his day. His comment on a “new kind of part-writing” is especially noteworthy, given that Op. 131 was his penultimate quartet. In light of the considerable experimentation in the middle-period quartets, one might have thought that by the 1820s Beethoven would have exhausted most possibilities for innovating in string quartet part-writing. To further explore what Beethoven meant, I go back to sketches and notes relating to the middle-period quartets, in particular his new idea of composing and hearing all four parts at once, which he noted down in a sketchbook around the time he was composing Op. 74. How does this new idea about the compositional process relate to the late quartets and Op. 131 in particular? I consider evidence from the sketches for Op. 131 as well as the early reception of the finished product. Adolph Bernhard Marx, for example, draws attention to the late quartets’ “Bachian counterpoint.” I focus in particular on the variations of the fourth movement. My analyses draw attention to the unique nature of all four voices, and the sense in which each part is crafted with careful attention to the art and science of listening.
Op. 131 and the Rise of Attentive Listening
Authors: November Nancy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter begins with a discussion of Mark Andre’s ensemble work riss 2 (2014) as an alternative window on the modern-day reception of Op. 131—the two works can similarly disrupt our ontological understanding of musical works in terms of structure, sound transformations, and especially sense of time. I then step back to consider the larger context in which Op. 131 was originally heard, setting it within an emerging ideology of “serious listening” in Vienna in the early nineteenth century. I consider the early nineteenth century as an era in which the seeds for silent listening were sown, by key agents of change, who tried to adjust audience behavior at string quartet concerts—influential figures such as Schuppanzigh, Beethoven, and reviewers for the Wiener Theater-Zeitung and Viennese Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung in the 1810s and ’20s. Beethoven’s C-sharp minor quartet can be understood as a work that took part in this move to instill silent and serious listening. However, the climate in Vienna was not was not such that Beethoven (and Schuppanzigh) could enjoy much success with this particular listening project. The “romantic listener” does not represent a nineteenth-century norm, and was certainly not the norm in Beethoven’s Vienna. But the compelling ideology of listening and associated habits that started to develop there—especially reverent silence—continue to influence powerfully our concert hall behaviors today.
Speaking with All Boldness
Authors: Schellenberg Ryan S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis chapter examines the complex role of prison in the social imagination of the Roman world by outlining four common tropes: the prisoner of war, the fallen aristocrat, the common malefactor, and the unvanquished herald of truth. Whereas most treatments of the ancient prison reproduce the elite perspective of their literary sources, this survey privileges evidence that attests to the experience of the non-elite. This provides a richly textured backdrop against which to read Paul’s suggestive yet curiously undeveloped self-depiction as a prisoner, and, in particular, his insistence that he will continue in all boldness (parrhēsia) despite his chains. With his non-elite addressees inclined in any case to sympathize with his plight, here Paul gestures toward a familiar trope wherein prison signifies the tyrant’s ineffectual attempt to silence a divine messenger.
Marketing Communication for Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Landreth Grau Stacy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chapter 7 discusses the changing nature of communication as it becomes more nonlinear and multivocal. Social media has changed the way that all organizations are able to engage with their various stakeholders, and nonprofits are no different. The chapter also discusses how this new paradigm shifts control away from the organization and its various “customers” and why this is important to nonprofits. This chapter examines ways that the organization communicates with stakeholders and introduces the concepts of paid, owned, and earned (POE) media and how organizations can leverage each of these media types for a comprehensive marketing communications strategy. Additionally, this chapter discusses partner-level communications programs, such as cause-related marketing and cause branding, and includes considerations from the nonprofit perspective. Last, given the ubiquity of social media, the chapter includes a discussion of celebrity associations and how nonprofits can capitalize on these relationships.
Introduction
Authors: Han Paul K.J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces the topic of medical uncertainty and discusses its importance in human life. It argues that medical uncertainty is a critically important but historically neglected experience of both clinicians and patients, and that the COVID-19 pandemic and other recent events have raised the need to better understand and manage this uncertainty. The chapter makes the case for the value of a conceptual framework in helping clinicians and patients to better understand, manage, and ultimately tolerate the uncertainties they experience and provides an overview of the book. A conceptual framework alone cannot change reality, the chapter argues, but it can help clinicians and patients to adapt to it.
Secretly Together
Authors: Hernández Gloria Maité 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The last comparative chapter attends to the poetic imagery of merging used to describe the meeting of the divine lover and the beloveds. The first section, “Together,” examines how the Amada and her lover drink together and how the gopīs dance with Kṛṣṇa by the Yamunā River. The main question of the theological commentaries is how much the divine and his lovers actually turn into each other, and how this manages to occur even as a gap is retained for the sake of the enjoyment and for allowing the love to flow between them. The second section, “Secretly,” dwells on the secret of how God loves and is loved, as disguised in the intricate metaphors of the poetry. The commentaries on both sides resort to the theopoetic strategy of constructing metaphorical layers that simultaneously reveal and occlude the meaning of God’s love.
Conclusions
Authors: Hernández Gloria Maité 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The last chapter explores some insights taken from the comparisons as they address questions crucial to modern readers and humanity scholars. John of the Cross and the Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava theologians had in mind an “ideal reader” who would invest all her emotions and intellect into the act of reading. For John, this is a reader who knows how to “savor” the text and the “divine truths” contained within it. The Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava theologians envision a reader who reads “with the heart,” a sahṛdaya. Although these expectations may differ from those of modern readers who approach these texts through a comparative theopoetic lens, we can still ask what the qualities of a modern “ideal reader” are. What could today’s scholars and teachers learn from these Early Modern ways of reading and teaching how to read? And how might their practices of theopoetic impact the way we read and compare texts?
Emotion
Authors: Bachleda Sarah , Soroka Stuart 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers why (and how) emotions matter in news content. Based on an automated content analysis of the New York Times from 1980 to the present, the authors suggest that expressed emotion is a regular feature of news coverage. This has both positive and negative consequences. On the one hand, past work suggests that expressed emotion increases reader attentiveness. On the other hand, some research suggests that engagement with current affairs might be impeded by the prevalence of negative emotions (especially anxiety and anger). The truth is probably somewhere in between: there is some ‘ideal’ amount of emotionality in news content that increases engagement without passing the point at which emotional intensity is counterproductive.
Language and Categorization
Authors: Hichy Zira , Marco Graziella Di 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter is focussed on linguistic bias in intergroup relations. It is based on the linguistic intergroup bias model, according to which people use different words for describing people and their behaviour on the basis of group membership. In particular, they attribute positive behaviours of ingroup members and negative behaviours of outgroup members to stable enduring characteristics, while attributing negative behaviours of ingroup members and positive behaviours of outgroup members to transitory characteristics dependent on situation or context. This kind of linguistic bias may occur not only in informal communication but also in the mass media, where it can reinforce positive or negative social stereotypes without viewers or readers necessarily being aware how this process is taking place. The chapter concludes that recognizing and limiting the use of such biased language is an important component in producing quality journalism.
Purpose and Career Goals
Authors: Madrazo Vanessa L. , Mariano Jenni Menon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose in life can provide the context through which emerging adults transition into the workplace. According to researchers, career exploration is typical as an individual moves from emerging adulthood into full adulthood. This chapter examined a small sample of emerging adults to assess purposeful work trajectories during emerging adulthood. Six participants were intentionally selected from a larger sample that was collected by researchers at Stanford University (N = 270). Eighty-three percent of participants were female, the sample was ethnically diverse, and all participants were from California. Analysis of change in regards to purposeful work yielded one case of growth, four cases of stability, and one case of decline. Furthermore, cases of stability varied by cohort, purpose form type, or other variables, thus indicating purpose diversity in the sample. Limitations and suggestions for future study are discussed.
Policies to Enhance Transition to Work
Authors: Godden Lorraine , DeLuca Christopher 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This chapter highlights the continued struggles faced by Canadian youth in their transition from school to work. In July 2016 the unemployment rate for youth (aged 15–24) in Canada stood at 13.3% compared to the general unemployment rate of 6.9%. Many young people under the age of 30 who are employed are working in increasingly precarious conditions (e.g., temporary, contract, part-time, or low paid) or nonpermanent jobs. In this chapter, the authors focus particularly upon recent secondary school-based policy developments in Canada aimed at enhancing the transition from school to work for youth. They specifically focus our analysis on the country’s most populous province, Ontario, and demonstrate how the policy context in Ontario has prompted several initiatives and programs to support youth in transition from school to meaningful work.