bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of retinoblastoma binding protein 7 (Rbbp7) as a mediator against tau acetylation and subsequent neuronal loss in Alzheimer’s disease and related tauopathies
Authors: Dave Nikhil , Vural Austin S. , Piras Ignazio S. , Winslow Wendy , Surendra Likith , Winstone Joanna K. , Beach Thomas G. , Huentelman Matthew J. , Velazquez Ramon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEvidence indicates that tau hyper-phosphorylation and subsequent neurofibrillary tangle formation contribute to the extensive neuronal death in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Recent work has identified that increased tau acetylation can promote tau phosphorylation. Tau acetylation occurs at lysine 280 resulting from increased expression of the lysine acetyltransferase p300. The exact upstream mechanisms mediating p300 expression remain elusive. Additional work highlights the role of the epigenome in tau pathogenesis, suggesting that dysregulation of epigenetic proteins may contribute to acetylation and hyper-phosphorylation of tau. Here, we identify and focus on the histone-binding subunit of the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex: Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 7 (Rbbp7). Rbbp7 chaperones chromatin remodeling proteins to their nuclear histone substrates, including histone acetylases and deacetylases. Notably, Rbbp7 binds to p300, suggesting that it may play a role in modulating tau acetylation. We interrogated Rbbp7 in post-mortem brain tissue, cell lines and mouse models of AD. We found reduced Rbbp7 mRNA expression in AD cases, a significant negative correlation with CERAD (neuritic plaque density) and Braak Staging (pathogenic tau inclusions) and a significant positive correlation with post-mortem brain weight. We also found a neuron-specific downregulation of Rbbp7 mRNA in AD patients. Rbbp7 protein levels were significantly decreased in 3xTg-AD and PS19 mice compared to NonTg, but no decreases were found in APP/PS1 mice that lack tau pathology. In vitro, Rbbp7 overexpression rescued TauP301L-induced cytotoxicity in immortalized hippocampal cells and primary cortical neurons. In vivo, hippocampal Rbbp7 overexpression rescued neuronal death in the CA1 of PS19 mice. Mechanistically, we found that increased Rbbp7 reduced p300 levels, tau acetylation at lysine 280 and tau phosphorylation at AT8 and AT100 sites. Collectively, these data identify a novel role of Rbbp7, protecting against tau-related pathologies, and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target in AD and related tauopathies.
Forensic investigative issues in a fireworks production factory explosion
Authors: Baldino Gennaro , Stassi Chiara , Mondello Cristina , Bottari Antonio , Vanin Stefano , Ventura Spagnolo Elvira 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince their discovery in ancient China, fireworks rapidly spread throughout the world, where they have always been used to celebrate either popular or private events. Their use is nonetheless related to several risks, especially within production factories, since several injuries or even death can occur following an accidental ignition. In cases of major disasters related to fireworks explosions, stating the accidental or intentional nature of the event might prove challenging, thus raising the need of a multidisciplinary approach. In this regard, we here discuss the case of an accidental explosion that occurred in a fireworks production factory, accountable for five deaths and two hospitalisations.
The impact of maternal care and blood glucose availability on the cortisol stress response in fasted women
Authors: Bentele Ulrike U. , Meier Maria , Benz Annika B. E. , Denk Bernadette F. , Dimitroff Stephanie J. , Pruessner Jens C. , Unternaehrer Eva 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIndividuals with a history of low maternal care (MC) frequently present a blunted, yet sometimes also show an increased cortisol stress response. Fasted individuals with low blood glucose levels who are exposed to acute stress typically show an attenuated response pattern in this endocrine marker. Despite well-documented metabolic dysregulations after low MC, a possible interaction of both factors has not been investigated yet. Here, we examined the effects of MC and blood glucose concentration on various aspects of the stress response. Fasted women (N = 122, meanage = 22.12, sdage = 2.56) who experienced either very high, high, or low MC (based on the Parental Bonding Instrument) were randomly assigned to consume grape juice (condition sugar), or water (condition water) prior to being exposed to the Trier-Social-Stress-Test for groups. Salivary cortisol and alpha amylase, blood glucose, and mood ratings were assessed repeatedly. Using multilevel mixed models, we replicated the boosting effect of glucose on the cortisol stress response. While we found neither an effect of MC, nor an interaction between MC and blood glucose availability on the cortisol stress response, we observed an effect of MC on the amylase stress response. We discuss the results in the light of links between various stress/energy systems that possibly mediate health-related MC effects.
The role of diabetes mellitus on the formation of severe odontogenic abscesses—a retrospective study
Authors: Rahimi-Nedjat Roman Kia , Sagheb Keyvan , Sagheb Kawe , Hormes Maike , Walter Christian , Al-Nawas Bilal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To analyze the correlation of diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia with severe odontogenic abscesses.

Materials and methods
Records of all patients in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University who underwent inpatient treatment for severe odontogenic abscesses between 2010 and 2016 were evaluated retrospectively regarding diabetes anamnesis, maximum and fasting blood sugar count, and duration until discharge. In order to compare the numbers to a general maxillofacial group, all patients who received inpatient treatment in 2013 for any diagnosis other than an abscess of the head and neck region were analyzed as well, and the numbers were correlated.

Results
In total, 977 abscess patients were found in the analyzed period. 7.0% of the patients had a known diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type II and 0.6% of type I. Correlation with the general group showed that abscesses were significantly more likely in diabetics as well as patients with abnormal maximum and fasting blood sugar counts. These patients also needed significantly longer inpatient treatment.

Conclusions
Diabetics and patients with abnormal glucose tolerance show significantly higher numbers of severe odontogenic abscesses and might therefore benefit from earlier escalation of antibiotic medication.

Clinical relevance
Severe odontogenic abscesses are one of the most frequent diagnoses in maxillofacial practice. Adjusting the therapeutic approach for diabetics or patients with abnormal blood sugar counts might help to prevent the development of abscesses.
External validation of a rapid, non-invasive tool for periodontitis screening in a medical care setting
Authors: Nijland N. , Overtoom F. , Gerdes V. E. A. , Verhulst M. J. L. , Su N. , Loos B. G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Medical professionals should advise their patients to visit a dentist if necessary. Due to the lack of time and knowledge, screening for periodontitis is often not done. To alleviate this problem, a screening model for total (own teeth/gum health, gum treatment, loose teeth, mouthwash use, and age)/severe periodontitis (gum treatment, loose teeth, tooth appearance, mouthwash use, age, and sex) in a medical care setting was developed in the Academic Center of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) [1]. The purpose of the present study was to externally validate this tool in an outpatient medical setting.

Materials and methods
Patients were requited in an outpatient medical setting as the validation cohort. The self-reported oral health questionnaire was conducted, demographic data were collected, and periodontal examination was performed. Algorithm discrimination was expressed as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Calibration plots were made.

Results
For predicting total periodontitis, the AUROCC was 0.59 with a sensitivity of 49% and specificity of 68%. The PPV was 57% and the NPV scored 55%. For predicting severe periodontitis, the AUROCC was 0.72 with a sensitivity of 54% and specificity of 81%. The PPV was 34% and the NPV 81%.

Conclusions
The performance of the algorithm for severe periodontitis is found to be sufficient in the current medical study population. Further external validation of periodontitis algorithms in non-dental school populations is recommended.

Clinical relevance
Because general physicians are obligated to screen patients for periodontitis, it is our general goal that they can use a prediction model in medical settings without an oral examination.
The Effect of Stress Management Programs on Physiological and Psychological Components of Stress: The Influence of Baseline Physiological State
Authors: Hoareau Violette , Godin Christelle , Dutheil Frédéric , Trousselard Marion 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMilitary personnel are particularly exposed to stressful events, and overexposure to stress is both physically and mentally unhealthy. While stress management programs, such as the Tactics of Optimized Potential (TOP) and Heart Coherence (HC) have been implemented, their efficiency remains to be evaluated. The objective of this randomized control trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of the two programs among a young male population of 180 military fire fighter recruits. Based on two psychological, and one physiological measurement, namely heart rate variability (HRV), we found that both TOP and HC programs significantly increased HRV. This is promising as we know that higher HRV is consistent with better health, in most cases. Moreover, the TOP program significantly reduced perceived stress and negative mood, unlike the HC program. Combining these results, we conclude that while both TOP and HC programs influence physiological measurements, only the TOP modifies psychological evaluations. Finally, we distinguished the effects of the programs on two samples characterized by their HRV level. For the low HRV group, both programs tended to increase their HRV level, while for the high HRV group neither program had a significant effect.
Numbers don’t speak for themselves: strategies of using numbers in public policy discourse
Authors: Jablonka Eva , Bergsten Christer 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn mathematics education, there is general agreement regarding the significance of mathematical literacy (also quantitative literacy or numeracy) for informed citizenship, which often requires evaluating the use of numbers in public policy discourse. We hold that such an evaluation must accommodate the necessarily fragile relation between the information that numbers are taken to carry and the policy decisions they are meant to support. In doing so, attention needs to be paid to differences inhowthat relation is formed. With this in mind, we investigated a public discourse that heavily relied on numbers in the context of introducing, maintaining, and easing the rules and regulations directed to contain the spread of the virus SARS-CoV-2 during the first epidemic wave of COVID-19 in Germany with its peak in early April 2020. We used a public-service broadcasting outlet as data. Our theoretical stance is affiliated with post-structuralist discourse theory. As an outcome, we identified four major related strategies of using numbers, which we namedrationalisation,contrast,associationandrecharging. In our view explicit attention to these strategies as well as identifying new ones can aid the task of furthering critical mathematical literacy.
New exact solutions for microscale gas flows
Authors: Williams Hollis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present a number of exact solutions to the linearised Grad equations for non-equilibrium rarefied gas flows and heat flows. The solutions include the flow and pressure fields associated to a point force placed in a rarefied gas flow close to a no-slip boundary and the temperature field for a point heat source placed in a heat flow close to a temperature jump boundary. We also derive the solution of the unsteady Grad equations in one dimension with a time-dependent point heat source term and the Grad analogue of the rotlet, a well-known singularity of Stokes flow which corresponds to a point torque.
Interpolating bit-vector formulas using uninterpreted predicates and Presburger arithmetic
Authors: Backeman Peter , Rümmer Philipp , Zeljić Aleksandar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe inference of program invariants over machine arithmetic, commonly called bit-vector arithmetic, is an important problem in verification. Techniques that have been successful for unbounded arithmetic, in particular Craig interpolation, have turned out to be difficult to generalise to machine arithmetic: existing bit-vector interpolation approaches are based either on eager translation from bit-vectors to unbounded arithmetic, resulting in complicated constraints that are hard to solve and interpolate, or on bit-blasting to propositional logic, in the process losing all arithmetic structure. We present a new approach to bit-vector interpolation, as well as bit-vector quantifier elimination (QE), that works by lazy translation of bit-vector constraints to unbounded arithmetic. Laziness enables us to fully utilise the information available during proof search (implied by decisions and propagation) in the encoding, and this way produce constraints that can be handled relatively easily by existing interpolation and QE procedures for Presburger arithmetic. The lazy encoding is complemented with a set of native proof rules for bit-vector equations and non-linear (polynomial) constraints, this way minimising the number of cases a solver has to consider. We also incorporate a method for handling concatenations and extractions of bit-vector efficiently.
Novel synthesis and electrochemical investigations of ZnO/C composites for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Thauer E. , Zakharova G. S. , Andreikov E. I. , Adam V. , Wegener S. A. , Nölke J. -H. , Singer L. , Ottmann A. , Asyuda A. , Zharnikov M. , Kiselkov D. M. , Zhu Q. , Puzyrev I. S. , Podval’naya N. V. , Klingeler R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor the first time, ZnO/C composites were synthesized using zinc glycerolate as a precursor through one-step calcination under a nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of the heat treatment conditions on the structure, composition, morphology as well as on the electrochemical properties regarding application in lithium-ion batteries are investigated. The products obtained by calcination of the precursor in nitrogen at 400—800 °C consist of zinc oxide nanoparticles and amorphous carbon that is in-situ generated from organic components of the glycerolate precursor. When used as anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the as-prepared ZnO/C composite synthesized at a calcination temperature of 700 °C delivers initial discharge and charge capacities of 1061 and 671 mAh g−1 at a current rate of 100 mA g−1 and hence 1.5 times more than bare ZnO, which reaches only 749/439 mAh g−1. The native carbon improves the conductivity, allowing efficient electronic conductivity and Li-ion diffusion. By means of ex-situ XRD studies a two-step storage mechanism is proven.
Postcolonial theory and Canada’s health care professions: bridging the gap
Authors: Wilmot Stephen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years there have been several calls in professional and academic journals for healthcare personnel in Canada to raise the profile of postcolonial theory as a theoretical and explanatory framework for their practice with Indigenous people. In this paper I explore some of the challenges that are likely to confront those healthcare personnel in engaging with postcolonial theory in a training context. I consider these challenges in relation to three areas of conflict. First I consider conflicts around paradigms of knowledge, wherein postcolonial theory operates from a different base from most professional knowledge in health care. Second I consider conflicts of ideology, wherein postcolonial theory is largely at odds with Canada’s political and popular cultures. And finally I consider issues around the question of Canada’s legitimacy, which postcolonial theory puts in doubt. I suggest ways in which these conflicts might be addressed and managed in the training context, and also identify potential positive outcomes that would be enabling for healthcare personnel, and might also contribute to an improvement in Canada’s relationship with its indigenous peoples.
Health-related quality of life in patients with autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Michel Maurice , Spinelli Francesca , Grambihler Annette , Labenz Christian , Nagel Michael , Kaps Leonard , Huber Yvonne , Galle Peter R. , Wörns Marcus-Alexander , Schattenberg Jörn M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare chronic liver disease. Impaired health-related quality of life (HRQL) contributes to the overall disease burden. At current, only limited data related to the impact of treatment response on HRQL are available.

Objective
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of biochemical remission on HRQL.

Methods
Patients with AIH were prospectively enrolled between July 2018 and June 2019. A liver disease-specific tool, the chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ) and the generic EQ-5D-5L were used to quantify HRQL. Treatment response was assessed biochemically by measurement of immunoglobulin G, ALT and AST. The cohort was divided into two groups according to their biochemical remission status in either complete vs. incomplete remission. Clinical as well as laboratory parameters and comorbidities were analysed using univariable and multivariable analysis to identify predictors of poor HRQL.

Results
A total of 116 AIH patients were included (median age: 55; 77.6% female), of which 9.5% had liver cirrhosis. In this cohort, 38 (38.4%) showed a complete and 61 (61.6%) an incomplete biochemical remission at study entry. The HRQL was significantly higher in patients with a complete as compared to an incomplete biochemical remission (CLDQ overall score: 5.66 ± 1.15 vs. 5.10 ± 1.35; p = 0.03). In contrast, the generic EQ-5D-5L UI-value was not different between the groups. Multivariable analysis identified AST (p = 0.02) and an incomplete biochemical remission (p = 0.04) as independent predictors of reduced HRQL (CLDQ total value).

Conclusion
Patients with a complete biochemical remission had a significantly higher HRQL. Liver-related quality of life in patients living with AIH is dependent on the response to immunosuppressive treatment.
Influence of technical and electrical equipment in life cycle assessments of buildings: case of a laboratory and research building
Authors: Hoxha E. , Maierhofer D. , Saade M.R.M , Passer A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
A detailed assessment of the environmental impacts of the building requires a substantial amount of data that is time- and effort-consuming. However, limitation of the system boundary to certain materials and components can provide misleading impact calculation. In order to calculate the error gap between detailed and simplified assessments, the purpose of this article is to present a detailed calculation of the environmental impacts of the building by including in the system boundary, the technical, and electrical equipment.

Method
To that end, the environmental impacts of a laboratory and research building situated in Graz-Austria are assessed following the EN-15978 norm. Within the system boundaries of the study, the material and components of building fabric, technical, and electronic equipment for the building lifecycle stages of production, construction, replacement, operational energy and water, and end-of-life are considered. The input data regarding the quantity of materials is collected from the design and tendering documents, invoices, and from discussion with the head of the building’s construction site. Primary energy and global warming potential indicators are calculated on the basis of a functional unit of 1 m2 of energy reference area (ERA) per year, considering a reference building service life of 50 years.

Results and discussion
The primary energy indicator of the building is equal to 1698 MJ/m2ERA/year. The embodied impacts are found to be responsible for 28% of which 6.4% is due to technical and electronic equipment. Furthermore, the embodied impacts for the global warming potential, equal to 28.3 kg CO2e/m2ERA/year, are responsible for 73%. Together, technical and electrical equipment are the largest responsible aspects, accounting for 38% of the total impacts. Simplified and detailed result comparisons show a gap of 29% and 7.7% for global warming and primary energy indicators. These differences were from the embodied impacts and largely from the exclusion of electrical equipment from the study’s system boundary.

Conclusions
Technical and electrical equipment present a significant contribution to the overall environmental impacts of the building. Worthy of inclusion in the system boundary of the study, the environmental impacts of technical and electrical equipment must be calculated in detail or considered with a reliable ratio in the early design phase of the project. Further research is necessary to address the detailed impact calculation of the equipment and notably the minimization of their impacts.
Simulation-to-real domain adaptation with teacher–student learning for endoscopic instrument segmentation
Authors: Sahu Manish , Mukhopadhyay Anirban , Zachow Stefan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Purpose

Segmentation of surgical instruments in endoscopic video streams is essential for automated surgical scene understanding and process modeling. However, relying on fully supervised deep learning for this task is challenging because manual annotation occupies valuable time of the clinical experts.

Methods

We introduce a teacher–student learning approach that learns jointly from annotated simulation data and unlabeled real data to tackle the challenges in simulation-to-real unsupervised domain adaptation for endoscopic image segmentation.

Results

Empirical results on three datasets highlight the effectiveness of the proposed framework over current approaches for the endoscopic instrument segmentation task. Additionally, we provide analysis of major factors affecting the performance on all datasets to highlight the strengths and failure modes of our approach.

Conclusions

We show that our proposed approach can successfully exploit the unlabeled real endoscopic video frames and improve generalization performance over pure simulation-based training and the previous state-of-the-art. This takes us one step closer to effective segmentation of surgical instrument in the annotation scarce setting.