bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and enablers to physical activity participation in patients with venous leg ulcers: a systematic review protocol of qualitative evidence
Authors: Qiu Yunjing , Team Victoria , Osadnik Christian R. , Weller Carolina D. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to synthesize available qualitative evidence to provide an overview of the barriers and enablers that influence physical activity participation in patients with venous leg ulcers.

Introduction:
Management of venous leg ulcers is a costly and time-consuming process in clinical settings due to the protracted healing process. Physical activity may be a useful adjuvant treatment to improve healing outcomes. However, a low level of physical activity is still observed in patients with venous leg ulcers and the reasons are multifactorial. A comprehensive understanding of the barriers and enablers to physical activity participation from different perspectives is crucial to develop workable interventions and achieve desired healing outcomes.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will consider qualitative studies that focus on evidence concerning the barriers and enablers influencing physical activity level in adults diagnosed with venous leg ulcers in all settings.

Methods:
Relevant studies will be searched in MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, and Emcare databases. Only studies published in English will be considered, with no date limits. Two independent reviewers will perform title and abstract screening and the full text of potential eligible studies will be retrieved and assessed against the inclusion criteria. All eligible studies will be appraised for methodological quality. Qualitative data will be extracted manually by two independent reviewers. A meta-aggregation approach will be used to pool and categorize findings from the included studies. The ConQual approach will be used to grade the final synthesized findings to determine confidence in the analysis findings.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42021238579
A Review of Parameters Affecting Rail Break Gap Size Using Analytical Methods
Authors: Potvin Max , Trizotto Matheus , Dersch Marcus , Edwards J. Riley , de Oliveira Lima Arthur 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Management of continuous welded rail (CWR) stress is critical to maintaining railroad safety. To successfully manage the stress-state of the rail, knowing the rail neutral temperature (RNT) is critical. RNT is defined as the temperature at which the net longitudinal force in the rail is zero. If the RNT is set too low/high then the rail would buckle/pull apart and create unsafe operation conditions. To reduce unsafe operating conditions, researchers have previously developed guidelines for managing RNT maintenance activities. However, there remains an opportunity to improve these guidelines given there have been 24 derailments caused by buckled track between 2009 and 2018. Therefore, a research program has been established to improve current guidelines. It is difficult to manage the stress of CWR because the RNT is difficult to quantify, and has been shown to change over time, tonnage, or as a result of maintenance (tamping, etc.). Further, rail breaks may lead to local changes in RNT, leading to the need for RNT readjustment. Current guidelines estimate prevalent RNT before a rail break/cut based on rail gap size. Therefore, as a part of a broader research program, this paper reviews an analytical method presented by Kerr that quantifies rail break gap length and identifies the roles of longitudinal track resistance and stiffness. Results indicate that plastic track displacements driven by longitudinal track resistance dominate, and the longitudinal track stiffness has limited influence. This paper also identifies limitations of this analytical approach and documents recommendations for improved models.
Where You Sit is Where You Stand: Table Arrangement Battles in Middle East Peace Conferences
Authors: Singer Joel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article analyzes one procedural prenegotiation issue that may seem minor in comparison to the substantive questions at hand, but can become consequential regarding its impact on the negotiation and its outcome. How the negotiating table is configured and where the parties will sit is the focus of our analysis. We examine how these questions were addressed in advance of key Vietnam and Middle East peace talks. The study assesses various strategies that were employed effectively to blur potential visual manifestations of symbolic and precedential advantage by one side.
DNA-barcode and endophallus morphology delimit congruent species in a systematic revision of the oxyporine rove beetles of Russia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxyporinae)
Authors: Tokareva Alexandra S. , Konstantinov Fedor V. , Brunke Adam J. , Solodovnikov Alexey 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rigorous species delimitation is a challenge in biology and systematics in particular. In insects, male genitalia traditionally, and the barcoding region of the CO1 gene recently, are the main markers to identify species, even though a standalone use of CO1 for that is often criticized. In our systematic revision of the mycophagous and in other ways peculiar oxyporine rove beetles of Russia, the legacy alpha-taxonomy could not be improved by traditional investigation of genitalia as they are unusually character-poor in this group. Using phylogenetic inference and ancestral state reconstruction, we demonstrate that CO1 and endophallus are useful markers for species delimitation in Oxyporus. We also show that many morphological traits previously used for species delimitation in Oxyporus are in fact highly variable and thus inconsistent. We hypothesize that in Oxyporus diversification of the endophallic structures is driven by intense intra- and inter-species interactions of multiple individuals co-occurring in narrow spaces inside fungal bodies during mating. Our results encourage broader use of both markers, especially easy-to-generate dna barcodes, for the desired alpha-taxonomical work in Oxyporinae globally. The revision revealed 10 species of Oxyporus in the fauna of the Russian Federation; eliminated erroneous species records; established two new synonyms, Oxyporus (Oxyporus) basicornis Cameron, 1930 = O. (O.) aequicollis Bernhauer, 1935, syn.nov. = O. (O.) parvus Lee et al., 2020, syn. nov.; and raised the hypothesis that O. (O.) aokii Dvořák, 1956, O. (O.) basiventris Jarrige, 1948 and O. (O.) kobayashii Hayashi, 2015 are conspecific with O. (O.) maxillosus Fabricius, 1793. Lectotypes are designated for O. (O.) basicornis Cameron, 1930, O. (O.) germanus Sharp, 1889, O. (O.) niger Sharp, 1889, and O. (O.) triangulus Sharp, 1889. Comprehensive taxonomic treatment and an identification key are provided for all species.
The Hyalella species flock of Lake Titicaca (Crustacea: Amphipoda): perspectives and drawbacks of dna-based identification
Authors: Jaume Damià , Zapelloni Francesco , Pons Joan , Juan Carlos , Jurado-Rivera José A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Lake Titicaca, in the High Andes of Perú and Bolivia, harbours the world’s third most speciose ancient-lake amphipod radiation on record. A minimum of nineteen species of Hyalella derived from at least five independent colonization episodes concentrate in this high altitude water body, although the actual species number present has not yet been established and could be much higher. Herein, we take advantage of the description of three new species (H. krolli, H. gonzalezi, and H. hirsuta) and the re-description of other two (H. solida and H. nefrens) to assess the feasibility of adopting a dna-based identification approach to resolve the magnitude of this highly speciose amphipod assemblage. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the evolutionary relationships among South American Hyalella cox1 haplotypes, including those of four out of the five species dealt with herein, shows a great disagreement between taxonomic units delimited under morphological and genetic data, hampering species identification exclusively based on cox1 dna barcode sequences.
Portable HEPA Purifiers to Eliminate Airborne SARS‐CoV‐2: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liu David T. , Phillips Katie M. , Speth Marlene M. , Besser Gerold , Mueller Christian A. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveCurrent epidemiologic predictions of COVID‐19 suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 mitigation strategies must be implemented long‐term. In‐office aerosol‐generating procedures pose a risk to staff and patients while necessitating examination room shutdown to allow aerosol decontamination by indwelling ventilation. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on portable high‐efficiency particulate air (HEPA) purifiers’ effectiveness in eliminating airborne SARS‐CoV‐2 from indoor environments.Data SourcesMedline, Embase, Cochrane Databases, and the World Health Organization’s COVID‐19 Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease.Review MethodsData sources were systematically searched for original English‐language published studies indexed up to January 14, 2021 per the following search strategy: (“HEPA” OR “High‐efficiency” OR “High‐efficiency particulate air” OR “Efficiency particulate” OR “Purifier” OR “Filter” OR “Cleaner” OR “Filtration”) AND (“COVID” OR “COVID‐19” OR “SARS‐CoV‐2” OR “Coronavirus”). Additional relevant studies were identified by searching the reference lists of included articles.ResultsEleven published studies have evaluated the effectiveness of portable HEPA purifiers in eliminating airborne SARS‐CoV‐2 with relevantly sized surrogate particles. Ten studies evaluated aerosols and submicron particles similar in size to SARS‐CoV‐2 virions. In all studies, portable HEPA purifiers were able to significantly reduce airborne SARS‐CoV‐2‐surrogate particles. The addition of portable HEPA purifiers augmented other decontamination strategies such as ventilation.ConclusionExperimental studies provide evidence for portable HEPA purifiers’ potential to eliminate airborne SARS‐CoV‐2 and augment primary decontamination strategies such as ventilation. Based on filtration rates, additional air exchanges provided by portable HEPA purifiers may be calculated and room shutdown times potentially reduced after aerosol‐generating procedures.
Comparison of natural durability of wood by stake tests followed by survival analysis
Authors: Momohara Ikuo , Sakai Haruko , Kurisaki Hiroshi , Ohmura Wakako , Kakutani Toshikazu , Sekizawa Tokio , Imamura Yuji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe conventional stake test is widely used to evaluate wood durability. The test monitors the deterioration level observed on stakes partially inserted into the ground. The test results are conventionally expressed as the relationship between the mean deterioration level and exposure periods. Durability is compared between the stake groups based on the test results; however, there is no scientific basis for the comparison. To include a scientific basis to the conventional stake test, we applied survival analysis to it. Four stake groups were subjected to deterioration at three sites for 7 years. The deterioration levels were monitored according to the conventional procedure, and survival analysis was applied to the monitored data. The Kaplan–Meier curves plotting the survival probabilities against the exposure periods indicated that the durability of the test stakes of Japanese cedar heartwood is higher than those of Japanese cedar sapwood. However, it was also demonstrated that the durability ratio between Japanese cedar heartwood and sapwood was strongly dependent on the test sites. It was also revealed that the durability of the heartwood portion did not differ significantly among Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, and Japanese larch. These results were verified using the modified Gehan–Wilcoxon test.
Structural insights into acyl-ACP selective recognition by the Aeromonas hydrophila AHL synthase AhyI
Authors: Jin Lei , Bao Jingjiao , Chen Yu , Yang Wenge , Du Wenyi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative bacterium and the major causative agent of the fish disease motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS). It uses N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing signals to coordinate biofilm formation, motility, and virulence gene expression. The AHL signaling pathway is therefore considered to be a therapeutic target against pathogenic A. hydrophila infection. In A. hydrophila, AHL autoinducers biosynthesis are specifically catalyzed by an ACP-dependent AHL synthase AhyI using the precursors SAM and acyl-ACP. Our previously reported AhyI was heterologously expressed in E. coli, which showed the production characteristics of medium-long chain AHLs. This contradicted the prevailing understanding that AhyI was only a short-chain C4/C6-HSL synthase.

Results
In this study, six linear acyl-ACP proteins with C-terminal his-tags were synthesized in Vibrio harveyi AasS using fatty acids and E. coli produced active holo-ACP proteins, and in vitro biosynthetic assays of six AHL molecules and kinetic studies of recombinant AhyI with a panel of four linear acyl-ACPs were performed. UPLC-MS/MS analyses indicated that AhyI can synthesize short-, medium- and long-chain AHLs from SAM and corresponding linear acyl-ACP substrates. Kinetic parameters measured using a DCPIP colorimetric assay, showed that there was a notable decrease in catalytic efficiency with acyl-chain lengths above C6, and hyperbolic or sigmoidal responses in rate curves were observed for varying acyl-donor substrates. Primary sequence alignment of the six representative AHL synthases offers insights into the structural basis for their specific acyl substrate preference. To further understand the acyl chain length preference of AhyI for linear acyl-ACP, we performed a structural comparison of three ACP-dependent LuxI homologs (TofI, BmaI1 and AhyI) and identified three key hydrophobic residues (I67, F125 and L157) which confer AhyI to selectively recognize native C4/C6-ACP substrates. These predictions were further supported by a computational Ala mutation assay.

Conclusions
In this study, we have redefined AhyI as a multiple short- to long-chain AHL synthase which uses C4/C6-ACP as native acyl substrates and longer acyl-ACPs (C8 ~ C14) as non-native ones. We also theorized that the key residues in AhyI would likely drive acyl-ACP selective recognition.
A new integrated behavioural intervention for knee osteoarthritis: development and pilot study
Authors: Preece Stephen J. , Brookes Nathan , Williams Anita E. , Jones Richard K. , Starbuck Chelsea , Jones Anthony , Walsh Nicola E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Exercise-based approaches have been a cornerstone of physiotherapy management of knee osteoarthritis for many years. However, clinical effects are considered small to modest and the need for continued adherence identified as a barrier to clinical efficacy. While exercise-based approaches focus on muscle strengthening, biomechanical research has identified that people with knee osteoarthritis over activate their muscles during functional tasks. Therefore, we aimed to create a new behavioural intervention, which integrated psychologically informed practice with biofeedback training to reduce muscle overactivity, and which was suitable for delivery by a physiotherapist.

Methods
Through literature review, we created a framework linking theory from pain science with emerging biomechanical concepts related to overactivity of the knee muscles. Using recognised behaviour change theory, we then mapped a set of intervention components which were iteratively developed through ongoing testing and consultation with patients and physiotherapists.

Results
The underlying framework incorporated ideas related to central sensitisation, motor responses to pain and also focused on the idea that increased knee muscle overactivity could result from postural compensation. Building on these ideas, we created an intervention with five components: making sense of pain, general relaxation, postural deconstruction, responding differently to pain and functional muscle retraining. The intervention incorporated a range of animated instructional videos to communicate concepts related to pain and biomechanical theory and also used EMG biofeedback to facilitate visualization of muscle patterns. User feedback was positive with patients describing the intervention as enabling them to “create a new normal” and to be “in control of their own treatment.” Furthermore, large reductions in pain were observed from 11 patients who received a prototype version of the intervention.

Conclusion
We have created a new intervention for knee osteoarthritis, designed to empower individuals with capability and motivation to change muscle activation patterns and beliefs associated with pain. We refer to this intervention as Cognitive Muscular Therapy. Preliminary feedback and clinical indications are positive, motivating future large-scale trials to understand potential efficacy. It is possible that this new approach could bring about improvements in the pain associated with knee osteoarthritis without the need for continued adherence to muscle strengthening programmes.

Trial registration
ISRCTN51913166 (Registered 24-02-2020, Retrospectively registered).
Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery for uterosacral ligament suspension: pilot study of 35 cases of severe pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Lu Zhiying , Chen Yisong , Wang Xiaojuan , Li Junwei , Hua Keqin , Hu Changdong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
To describe the short-term outcomes of transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) for uterosacral ligament suspension (USLS) in patients with severe prolapse.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of patients with severe prolapse (≥ stage 3) who underwent vNOTES for USLS between May 2019 and July 2020. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) score, Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire short form (PISQ-12) and Pelvic Floor Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) were used to evaluate physical prolapse and quality of life before and after vNOTES for USLS.

Results
A total of 35 patients were included. The mean operative duration was 111.7 ± 39.4 min. The mean blood loss was 67.9 ± 35.8 ml. Statistically significant differences were observed between before and after vNOTES USLS in Aa (+ 0.6 ± 1.7 versus − 2.9 ± 0.2), Ba (+ 1.9 ± 2.2 versus − 2.9 ± 0.3), C (+ 1.5 ± 2.2 versus − 6.9 ± 0.9), Ap (− 1.4 ± 1.0 versus − 3.0 ± 0.1) and Bp (− 1.1 ± 1.4 versus − 2.9 ± 0.1) (P < 0.05 for all). The mean pre- and postoperative PFDI-20 score was 19.9 ± 6.7 and 3.2 ± 5.4, respectively, and the mean pre- and postoperative PISQ-12 score was 24.8 ± 2.3 and 38.3 ± 4.1, respectively (P < 0.05 for both). During 1–13 months of follow-up, there were no cases of severe complications or recurrence.

Conclusions
vNOTES for USLS may be a feasible technique to manage severe prolapse, with promising short-term efficacy and safety. Larger studies with more patients and longer follow-up periods should be performed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety profile of vNOTES for USLS.
The association of quality of life and personality characteristics with adolescent metabolic syndrome: a cohort study
Authors: Liang Xiaohua , Zhang Peng , Luo Shunqing , Zhang Guifang , Tang Xian , Liu Lingjuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
An increased prevalence of adolescent metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with adulthood cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to explore the potential relationship of quality of life (QoL) and personality traits with adolescent MS.

Methods
A total of 1961 participants from Chongqing with an average age of 11.68 years old from a cohort study established in 2014 and followed up through 2019 were included. QoL information, Eysenck’s personality questionnaire and MS components were collected.

Results
A higher QoL domain score of physical activity ability (PAA) was a protective factor for both MS and MS score (all P < 0.01), which was mainly negatively correlated with the MS components of central obesity, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and triglyceride levels, as well as positively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level. The total QoL score was negatively correlated with triglyceride levels and positively correlated with DBP (all P < 0.01). High extraversion personality score was a protective factor against adolescent MS (P = 0.04) and MS score (P < 0.05), which were mainly negatively correlated with the MS components of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and TGs, and positively correlated with HDL-C (all P ≤ 0.01).

Conclusions
QoL score and extraversion personality score were independent protective factors against both MS prevalence and MS score, suggesting that community intervention to improve the QoL and psychological health of children are essential.
Effect of intra-arrest trans-nasal evaporative cooling in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a pooled individual participant data analysis
Authors: Taccone Fabio Silvio , Hollenberg Jacob , Forsberg Sune , Truhlar Anatolij , Jonsson Martin , Annoni Filippo , Gryth Dan , Ringh Mattias , Cuny Jerome , Busch Hans-Jörg , Vincent Jean-Louis , Svensson Leif , Nordberg Per ,   PRINCE, Castren Maaret , Eichwede Frank , Mols Pierre , Schwab Tilmann , Vergnion Michel , Storm Christian , Pesenti Antonio , Pachl Jan , Guerisse Fabien , Elste Thomas , Roessler Markus , Fritz Harald , Durnez Pieterjan ,   PRINCESS investigators, Goldstein Patrick , Vermeersch Nick , Higuet Adeline , Jiménes Francisco Carmona , Ortiz Fernando Rosell , Williams Julia , Desruelles Didier , Creteur Jacques , Dillenbeck Emelie , Busche Caroline , Konrad David , Peterson Johan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Randomized trials have shown that trans-nasal evaporative cooling initiated during CPR (i.e. intra-arrest) effectively lower core body temperature in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. However, these trials may have been underpowered to detect significant differences in neurologic outcome, especially in patients with initial shockable rhythm.

Methods
We conducted a post hoc pooled analysis of individual data from two randomized trials including 851 patients who eventually received the allocated intervention and with available outcome (“as-treated” analysis). Primary outcome was survival with favourable neurological outcome at hospital discharge (Cerebral Performance Category [CPC] of 1–2) according to the initial rhythm (shockable vs. non-shockable). Secondary outcomes included complete neurological recovery (CPC 1) at hospital discharge.

Results
Among the 325 patients with initial shockable rhythms, favourable neurological outcome was observed in 54/158 (34.2%) patients in the intervention and 40/167 (24.0%) in the control group (RR 1.43 [confidence intervals, CIs 1.01–2.02]). Complete neurological recovery was observed in 40/158 (25.3%) in the intervention and 27/167 (16.2%) in the control group (RR 1.57 [CIs 1.01–2.42]). Among the 526 patients with initial non-shockable rhythms, favourable neurological outcome was in 10/259 (3.8%) in the intervention and 13/267 (4.9%) in the control group (RR 0.88 [CIs 0.52–1.29]; p = 0.67); survival and complete neurological recovery were also similar between groups. No significant benefit was observed for the intervention in the entire population.

Conclusions
In this pooled analysis of individual data, intra-arrest cooling was associated with a significant increase in favourable neurological outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with initial shockable rhythms. Future studies are needed to confirm the potential benefits of this intervention in this subgroup of patients.