bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Engineering of Efficient Singlet Oxygen Generators with Near‐Infrared AIE Features for Mitochondrial Targeted Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yuan Gang , Lv Cheng , Liang Jichao , Zhong Xinxin , Li Yuan , He Jiacun , Zhao Anjing , Li Li , Shao Yuanhe , Zhang Xiuhua , Wang Shengfu , Cheng Yu , He Hanping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAggregation‐caused fluorescence quenching with insufficient production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has limited the application of photosensitizers (PSs) in fluorescence‐imaging‐guided photodynamic therapy (PDT). Aggregation‐induced emission PSs (AIE‐PSs) exhibit enhanced fluorescence intensity and a high efficiency of ROS generation in the aggregation state, which provides an opportunity to solve the above problems. Herein, a series of AIE‐PSs are successfully designed and synthesized by adjusting the D–A intensity through molecular engineering. The photophysical properties and theoretical calculations prove that the synergistic effect of 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene and quinolinium increases the intramolecular charge transfer effect (ICT) of the whole molecule and promotes the intersystem crossing (ISC) from the lowest excited singlet state (S1) to the lowest triplet state (T1). Among these AIE‐PSs, the optimal AIE‐PS (TPA‐DT‐Qy) exhibits the highest generation yield of 1O2 (5.3‐fold of Rose Bengal). Further PDT experiments show that the TPA‐DT‐Qy has a highly efficient photodynamic ablation of breast cancer cells (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231) under white light irradiation. Moreover, the photodynamic antibacterial study indicates that TPA‐DT‐Qy has the discrimination and excellent photodynamic inactivation of S. aureus. This work provides a feasible strategy for the molecular engineering of novel AIE‐PSs to improve the development of fluorescence‐imaging‐guided PDT.
Core–Shell Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Pan Jin‐Bo , Shen Sheng , Chen Lang , Au Chak‐Tong , Yin Shuang‐Feng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen is a promising solution for the conversion and storage of solar energy. Because sluggish water oxidation is the bottleneck of water splitting, the design and preparation of an efficient photoanode is intensively investigated. Currently, all known photoanode materials suffer from at least one of the following drawbacks: ① low carriers separation efficiency; ② sluggish surface water oxidation reaction; ③ poor long‐term stability; ④ insufficient water adsorption and gas desorption. Core–shell configurations can endow a photoanode with improved activity and stability by coating an overlayer that plays energetic, catalytic, and/or protective roles. The construction strategy has an important effect on the activity of a core–shell photoanode. Nonetheless, the mechanism for the improvement of performance is still ambiguous and is worthy of a closer examination. In this review, the successes and challenges of core–shell photoanodes for water oxidation, focusing on synthesis strategies as well as functionalities (facilitating carrier separation, surface reaction promotion, corrosion prevention, and bubble detachment) are explored. Finally, the perspectives of this class of materials in terms of new opportunities and efforts are discussed.
Asymmetric Isomer Effects in Benzo[c ][1,2,5]thiadiazole‐Fused Nonacyclic Acceptors: Dielectric Constant and Molecular Crystallinity Control for Significant Photovoltaic Performance Enhancement
Authors: Gao Wei , Fan Baobing , Qi Feng , Lin Francis , Sun Rui , Xia Xinxin , Gao Jinhua , Zhong Cheng , Lu Xinhui , Min Jie , Zhang Fujun , Zhu Zonglong , Luo Jingdong , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, asymmetric isomer effects are systematically explored by designing and synthesizing two benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BT)‐fused nonacyclic electron acceptors. By changing from BP6T‐4F to asymmetric ABP6T‐4F, significantly enhanced dielectric constant and inhibited excessive molecular aggregation and unfavorable edge‐on orientation could be achieved. The reduced exciton binding energy also facilitates a more efficient dissociation process in PM6:ABP6T‐4F compared to PM6:BP6T‐4F with the same energy offset. Moreover, the weaker crystallization behavior enables a significantly enhanced miscibility between PM6 and ABP6T‐4F than that between PM6 and BP6T‐4F, which leads to an optimized micromorphology with smooth surface, suitable domain size, and ordered π–π stacking. Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on PM6:ABP6T‐4F achieve a 15.8% power conversion efficiency (PCE), which is remarkably higher than that of PM6:BP6T‐4F‐based OSCs (6.4%). Furthermore, ternary devices are also fabricated considering good compatibility between ABP6T‐4F and CH1007 to deliver a PCE over 17%. This study reveals the effectiveness and great potential of asymmetric isomerization strategy in regulating molecular properties, which will provide guidance for the future design of non‐fullerene acceptors.
Mixed‐Metal MOF‐Derived Hollow Porous Nanocomposite for Trimodality Imaging Guided Reactive Oxygen Species‐Augmented Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Cheng Yue , Wen Cong , Sun Yi‐Qing , Yu Hua , Yin Xue‐Bo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHere an excellent trimodality imaging‐guided synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT)/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is proposed. To this end, a mixed‐metal Cu/Zn‐metal‐organic framework (MOF) is first assembled at room temperature on a nano‐scale. Interestingly, heating the MOF results in a Cu+/2+‐coexisting hollow porous structure. Subsequent heating treatment is used to integrate Mn2+ and MnO2 in the presence of manganese(II) acetylacetonate. The hollow composite achieves efficient loading of a photosensitizer, indocyanine green (ICG). Under laser irradiation, the aggregated ICG achieves photothermal imaging and PTT. Once released in the tumor site, ICG exhibits fluorescence imaging and PDT capacity. Cu+/Mn2+ ions perform Fenton‐like reaction with H2O2 to produce cytotoxic •OH for the enhanced CDT. Cu2+/MnO2 scavenge glutathione to improve the reactive oxygen species‐based therapy, while the formed Mn2+ ions enable “turn on” magnetic resonance imaging. Significantly, O2 is produced from the catalytic decomposition of endogenous H2O2 to improve ICG‐mediated PDT. Moreover, photothermal‐induced local hyperthermia accelerates •OH generation to enhance CDT. This synergistic drug‐free antitumor strategy realizes high treatment efficacy and low side effects on normal tissues. Thus, this mixed‐metal MOF is an efficient strategy to realize hollow structures for multi‐function integration to improve therapeutic capacity.
Near‐Infrared Light Triggered Self‐Powered Mechano‐Optical Communication System using Wearable Photodetector Textile
Authors: Li Linlin , Wang Depeng , Zhang Dong , Ran Wenhao , Yan Yongxu , Li Zhexin , Wang Lili , Shen Guozhen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe merging of humans and machines depends on the contact sensor medium used. However, this contact interaction inevitably leads to mechanical loss. Photodetectors are cutting‐edge tools in optical communication that use controlled lighting to achieve efficient signal conversion to drive mechano–optical communication systems and provide an innovative interface for the Internet of Things services. Here, a self‐powered, non‐contact mechano–optical communication system based on a wearable Te@TeSe photodetector textile is presented, which encodes near‐infrared light to modulate robotic manipulator actions. The wearable Te@TeSe photodetector textile enhanced the photocurrent and responsivity by 400 times compared to a pristine Te nanowire (NW) array. The type II heterojunction of Te@TeSe NWs is proved by first‐principles calculations and simulated, providing insights on photogenic carrier transmission in Te@TeSe NWs. This system shows the possibility of duplicate real‐time execution of mechanical gestures in virtual environments and paves the way for advanced optical devices applied to information transmission and mechano–optical communication.
Wound Healing: From Passive to Smart Dressings
Authors: Farahani Mojtaba , Shafiee Abbas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe universal increase in the number of patients with nonhealing skin wounds imposes a huge social and economic burden on the patients and healthcare systems. Although, the application of traditional wound dressings contributes to an effective wound healing outcome, yet, the complexity of the healing process remains a major health challenge. Recent advances in materials and fabrication technologies have led to the fabrication of dressings that provide proper conditions for effective wound healing. The 3D‐printed wound dressings, biomolecule‐loaded dressings, as well as smart and flexible bandages are among the recent alternatives that have been developed to accelerate wound healing. Additionally, the new generation of wound dressings contains a variety of microelectronic sensors for real‐time monitoring of the wound environment and is able to apply required actions to support the healing progress. Moreover, advances in manufacturing flexible microelectronic sensors enable the development of the next generation of wound dressing substrates, known as electronic skin, for real‐time monitoring of the whole physiochemical markers in the wound environment in a single platform. The current study reviews the importance of smart wound dressings as an emerging strategy for wound care management and highlights different types of smart dressings for promoting the wound healing process.
A High‐Throughput Distal Lung Air–Blood Barrier Model Enabled By Density‐Driven Underside Epithelium Seeding
Authors: Viola Hannah , Washington Kendra , Selva Cauviya , Grunwell Jocelyn , Tirouvanziam Rabindra , Takayama Shuichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh‐throughput tissue barrier models can yield critical insights on how barrier function responds to therapeutics, pathogens, and toxins. However, such models often emphasize multiplexing capability at the expense of physiologic relevance. Particularly, the distal lung's air–blood barrier is typically modeled with epithelial cell monoculture, neglecting the substantial contribution of endothelial cell feedback in the coordination of barrier function. An obstacle to establishing high‐throughput coculture models relevant to the epithelium/endothelium interface is the requirement for underside cell seeding, which is difficult to miniaturize and automate. Therefore, this paper describes a scalable, low‐cost seeding method that eliminates inversion by optimizing medium density to float cells so they attach under the membrane. This method generates a 96‐well model of the distal lung epithelium–endothelium barrier with serum‐free, glucocorticoid‐free air–liquid differentiation. The polarized epithelial–endothelial coculture exhibits mature barrier function, appropriate intercellular junction staining, and epithelial‐to‐endothelial transmission of inflammatory stimuli such as polyinosine:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)). Further, exposure to influenza A virus PR8 and human beta‐coronavirus OC43 initiates a dose‐dependent inflammatory response that propagates from the epithelium to endothelium. While this model focuses on the air–blood barrier, the underside seeding method is generalizable to various coculture tissue models for scalable, physiologic screening.
Manipulating Ferromagnetism in Few‐Layered Cr2Ge2Te6
Authors: Zhuo Weizhuang , Lei Bin , Wu Shuang , Yu Fanghang , Zhu Changsheng , Cui Jianhua , Sun Zeliang , Ma Donghui , Shi Mengzhu , Wang Honghui , Wang Wenxiang , Wu Tao , Ying Jianjun , Wu Shiwei , Wang Zhenyu , Chen Xianhui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe discovery of magnetism in 2D materials offers new opportunities for exploring novel quantum states and developing spintronic devices. In this work, using field‐effect transistors with solid ion conductors as the gate dielectric (SIC‐FETs), we have observed a significant enhancement of ferromagnetism associated with magnetic easy‐axis switching in few‐layered Cr2Ge2Te6. The easy axis of the magnetization, inferred from the anisotropic magnetoresistance, can be uniformly tuned from the out‐of‐plane direction to an in‐plane direction by electric field in the few‐layered Cr2Ge2Te6. Additionally, the Curie temperature, obtained from both the Hall resistance and magnetoresistance measurements, increases from 65 to 180 K in the few‐layered sample by electric gating. Moreover, the surface of the sample is fully exposed in the SIC‐FET device configuration, making further heterostructure‐engineering possible. This work offers an excellent platform for realizing electrically controlled quantum phenomena in a single device.
2D High‐Entropy Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Carbon Dioxide Electrocatalysis
Authors: Cavin John , Ahmadiparidari Alireza , Majidi Leily , Thind Arashdeep Singh , Misal Saurabh N. , Prajapati Aditya , Hemmat Zahra , Rastegar Sina , Beukelman Andrew , Singh Meenesh R. , Unocic Kinga A. , Salehi‐Khojin Amin , Mishra Rohan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh‐entropy alloys combine multiple principal elements at a near equal fraction to form vast compositional spaces to achieve outstanding functionalities that are absent in alloys with one or two principal elements. Here, the prediction, synthesis, and multiscale characterization of 2D high‐entropy transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) alloys with four/five transition metals is reported. Of these, the electrochemical performance of a five‐component alloy with the highest configurational entropy, (MoWVNbTa)S2, is investigated for CO2 conversion to CO, revealing an excellent current density of 0.51 A cm−2 and a turnover frequency of 58.3 s−1 at ≈ −0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. First‐principles calculations show that the superior CO2 electroreduction is due to a multi‐site catalysis wherein the atomic‐scale disorder optimizes the rate‐limiting step of CO desorption by facilitating isolated transition metal edge sites with weak CO binding. 2D high‐entropy TMDC alloys provide a materials platform to design superior catalysts for many electrochemical systems.
Swelling Pressures of Graphite Oxide and Graphene Oxide Membranes in Water and Ethanol
Authors: Iakunkov Artem , Boulanger Nicolas , Nordenström Andreas , Talyzin Alexandr V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSwelling of graphene oxide (GO) membranes and bulk graphite oxide under confinement conditions is found to produce pressures up to ≈220 bar. Swelling pressure is important to take into account in many applications of GO membranes, but it has not been previously reported. Swelling pressures are typically measured only for bulk materials. However, it is demonstrated that even µm thick GO membranes develop pressures 3–25 bar due to the volume expansion caused by swelling in water. A rather strong difference in kinetics of pressure increase is found for both graphite oxide and GO membranes in water and ethanol despite similar lattice expansion due to swelling. This effect is attributed to slower penetration of ethanol into GO interlayers. Significantly faster saturation of swelling pressure is found for GO membranes (few hours) as compared to bulk graphite oxides (weeks) due to a higher degree of compaction. Swelling pressure is an important factor in applications, which require confinement, encapsulation of GO membranes or using external pressure to limit the lattice expansion. Finally, the swelling pressure can be used as an estimation for the suction pressure developed in pervaporation or vapor permeation applications, which is suggested as a driving force in rapid water permeation across GO membranes.
Unlocking Entropic Elasticity of Nematic Elastomers Through Light and Dynamic Adhesion
Authors: Ohzono Takuya , Minamikawa Hiroyuki , Koyama Emiko , Norikane Yasuo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNematic liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) generally show soft elasticity, masking entropic elasticity inherent in crosslinked networks. They macroscopically deform with little stress increase under straining because of the soft shear mode attained by nematic director rotations. Moreover, the nematic interaction in main‐chain LCEs can arrest the ergodic response to cycling strain. It manifests hysteresis, slow relaxation, and increased viscosity, which critically affect their mechanical applications such as actuation and adhesion. Here, it is shown that entropic elasticity fully recovers after photo‐isomerization of azobenzene units incorporated in a nematic LCE. With the light‐induced bentcis‐isomers at room temperature, the degree of soft elasticity, viscosity, and adhesion are tangibly lowered. Mechanical responses rationalize thatcisisomers unlock the frozen configurational degree of freedom by reducing nematic order in the same manner observed upon temperature increase. The present results not only unveil how the nematic interaction suppresses entropic elasticity leading to the soft state, but also offer a guide to tuning viscoelasticity toward dynamic mechanical applications.
Cs2Zr1−xTexCl6 Perovskite Microcrystals with Ultrahigh Photoluminescence Quantum Efficiency of 79.46% for High Light Efficiency White Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Zhilin , Rao Zhihui , Li Qiaoqiao , Zhou Liujiang , Zhao Xiujian , Gong Xiao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently, lead‐free materials with stable photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature, such as vacancy‐ordered double perovskites have drawn wide attention. Herein, Te4+‐doped all‐inorganic lead‐free Cs2Zr1−xTexCl6 perovskite microcrystals (MCs) are reported. The obtained pure Cs2ZrCl6 perovskite MCs exhibit a blue emission, while Cs2Zr1−xTexCl6 perovskite MCs show a broad and strong yellow emission with ultrahigh photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) up to 79.46% at room temperature. The structure and optical properties of perovskite MCs are investigated in detail by experiments and theoretical calculations. The mechanism that 3P1 of Te can be partially frozen at the low temperature regarding Cs2Zr1−xTexCl6 perovskite MCs is proposed. White light emitting diodes (WLEDs) with a color coordinate of (0.344, 0.333), a correlated color temperature of 4959 K, a color rendering index (Ra) of 74.8, and a high light efficiency of 91.16 lm W−1, are fabricated by the prepared Cs2Zr1−xTexCl6 perovskite MCs powder with a commercial near‐UV LED (NUV‐LED) chip (450 nm). The results suggest that Te4+‐doped all‐inorganic lead‐free perovskite MCs show great potential in the next‐generation solid‐state lightings.
Versatile Mitogenic and Differentiation‐Inducible Layer Formation by Underwater Adhesive Polypeptides
Authors: Tada Seiichi , Ren Xueli , Mao Hongli , Heo Yun , Park Shin‐Hye , Isoshima Takashi , Zhu Liping , Zhou Xiaoyue , Ito Reiko , Kurata Shino , Osaki Megumi , Kobatake Eiry , Ito Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractArtificial materials have no biological functions, but they are important for medical devices such as artificial organs and matrices for regenerative medicine. In this study, mitogenic and differentiation‐inducible materials are devised via the simple coating of polypeptides, which contain the sequence of epidermal growth factor or insulin‐like growth factor with a key amino acid (3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine) of underwater adhesive proteins. The adhesive polypeptides prepared via solid‐phase synthesis form layers on various substrates involving organic and inorganic materials to provide biological surfaces. Through the direct activation of cognate receptors on interactive surfaces, the materials enable increased cell growth and differentiation compared to that achieved by soluble growth factors. This superior growth and differentiation are attributed to the long‐lasting signal transduction (triggered by the bound growth factors), which do not cause receptor internalization and subsequent downregulation.
Novel Quasi‐Liquid K‐Na Alloy as a Promising Dendrite‐Free Anode for Rechargeable Potassium Metal Batteries
Authors: Tai Zhixin , Li Yi , Liu Yajie , Zhao Lanling , Ding Yu , Lu Ziyu , Peng Zhijian , Meng Lijian , Yu Guihua , Liu Lifeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRechargeable potassium metal batteries are promising energy storage devices with potentially high energy density and markedly low cost. However, eliminating dendrite growth and achieving a stable electrode/electrolyte interface are the key challenges to tackle. Herein, a novel “quasi‐liquid” potassium‐sodium alloy (KNA) anode comprising only 3.5 wt% sodium (KNA‐3.5) is reported, which exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance able to be reversibly cycled at 4 mA cm–2 for 2000 h. Moreover, it is demonstrated that adding a small amount of sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) into the potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide electrolyte allows for the formation of the “quasi‐liquid” KNA on electrode surface. Comprehensive experimental studies reveal the formation of an unusual metastable KNa2 phase during plating, which is believed to facilitate simultaneous nucleation and suppress the growth of dendrites, thereby improving the electrode's cycle lifetime. The “quasi‐liquid” KNA‐3.5 anode demonstrates markedly enhanced electrochemical performance in a full cell when pairing with Prussian blue analogs or sodium rhodizonate dibasic as the cathode material, compared to the pristine potassium anode. Importantly, unlike the liquid KNA reported before, the “quasi‐liquid” KNA‐3.5 exhibits good processability and can be readily shaped into sheet electrodes, showing substantial promise as a dendrite‐free anode in rechargeable potassium metal batteries.
Role of Copper Doping in Heavy Metal‐Free InP/ZnSe Core/Shell Quantum Dots for Highly Efficient and Stable Photoelectrochemical Cell
Authors: Zhao Hongyang , Li Xin , Cai Mengke , Liu Cheng , You Yimin , Wang Rui , Channa Ali Imran , Lin Feng , Huo Da , Xu Guofeng , Tong Xin , Wang Zhiming M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs emerging eco‐friendly alternatives to traditional Cd/Pb‐based quantum dots (QDs), InP/ZnSe(S) core/shell QDs have demonstrated huge potential in light‐emitting technologies. So far, these QDs have been rarely employed in solar energy conversion applications due to their type‐I band structure offering limited photo‐induced charge carrier separation and transfer. Here, a controllable Cu shell doping approach is reported to engineer the optoelectronic properties of InP/ZnSe core/shell QDs and realize high performance and stable solar‐driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen evolution. As compared to the pristine InP/ZnSe QDs, the Cu‐doped core/shell QDs exhibit enhances the photo‐induced electron transfer rate due to the capture of photo‐generated holes via Cu impurity states in the shell, leading to improved photocurrent density and long‐term durability in as‐fabricated InP/ZnSe:Cu QDs‐PEC devices under standard one sun illumination. The results indicate that the doping of Cu in the shell has a preeminent effect on the optoelectronic properties of the core/shell QDs and may open up new avenues to tailor eco‐friendly core/shell QDs for high performance and stable solar energy conversion.