bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Pre-mature Infants vs. Term-Born Infants With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Frid Gabriela , Reppucci Marina , Lum Tony , Paul Megan , Seiden Howard , Coakley Brian A. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious illness that occurs among premature infants and term-born infants with congenital heart disease (CHD). Prior studies have suggested these two groups may experience different disease entities. We sought to evaluate if there are differences in disease characteristics between these two populations.Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review of infants treated for Bells stage 2-3 NEC from 2011 to 2020 was performed. Demographic information, CHD diagnoses and clinical data were recorded. Prior to data analysis, patients were divided into two groups: term-born patients with CHD (TC) and premature patients without CHD (PT).Results: 99 patients were analyzed−23 TC patients and 76 PT patients. Platelet counts (222.7 ± 176.1 vs. 310.2 ± 174.5 cells/uL, P = 0.03) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (53.6 ± 81.7 vs. 117.6 ± 90.4 mg/L, P &lt; 0.001) were significantly higher among the PT group. In addition, PT patients were more likely to develop pneumatosis (30.4 vs. 68.4%, P = 0.002) than TC patients. NEC-specific mortality was similar between both groups of patients.Conclusions: When compared to TC patients, PT patients had higher CRP levels, higher platelet counts and more commonly developed pneumatosis. These factors may point toward a difference in disease pathophysiology regarding NEC development in premature patients vs. term-born patients with CHD.
Investigating Factors of False-Positive Results of Aspergillus Galactomannan Assay: A Case–Control Study in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Hung Yu-Hsuan , Lai Hui-Hsiung , Lin Hui-Chuan , Sun Kuo-Shao , Chen Chung-Yu 
Published: December 2021

Background: Studies on false-positive galactomannan (GM) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) results and treatment for critically ill patients are scarce.Objectives: The study aimed to determine the false-positive rate of GM-EIA and to probe the risk factors of false positivity among patients in the intensive care units (ICUs).Methods: A case–control approach was conducted to review adult patients who had at least one GM-EIA result and were admitted to the ICU. Those who had no fungal culture were excluded. The clinical characteristics and critical care between patients with false-positive and true-negative GM index (GMI) were compared.Results: Of 206 patients enrolled and with GM-EIA results, 20 (9.7%) were considered to have false-positive antigenemia, including 9 in bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) and 11 in serum. A total of 148 (71.8%) were true-negatives. After paired grouping of 1:4, factors researched in the previous studies showed no significant difference. However, compared with the true-negatives, patients with positive GM test results but were incompatible with the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis were more prone to the risk of false positivity due to the use of colistin inhalation. It seemed to be the only factor that significantly increased the risk of false positivity after multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio, 35.68; 95% CI, 3.77–337.51, p = 0.002).Conclusions: Colistin inhalation treatment may contribute to false-positive GM-EIA results. The positive GMI among patients receiving colistin nebulization should be interpreted with caution.
Resolvin D1 attenuates CCl4 Induced Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting Autophagy-Mediated HSC activation via AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Li Jiahuan , Deng Xiaoling , Wang Shuhan , Jiang Qianqian , Xu Keshu 
Published: December 2021

Resolvin D1 (RvD1) was previously reported to relieve inflammation and liver damage in several liver diseases, but its potential role in liver fibrosis remains elusive. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of RvD1 in hepatic autophagy in liver fibrosis. In vivo, male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 20% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4, 5 ml/kg) twice weekly for 6 weeks to establish liver fibrosis model. RvD1 (100 ng or 300 ng/mouse) was added daily in the last 2 weeks of the modeling period. In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated LX-2 cells were co-treated with increasing concentrations (2.5–10 nM) of RvD1. The degree of liver injury was measured by detecting serum AST and ALT contents and H&amp;E staining. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed by masson's trichrome staining and metavir scoring. The qRT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were applied to liver tissues or LPS-activated LX-2 cells to explore the protective effects of RvD1 in liver fibrosis. Our findings reported that RvD1 significantly attenuated CCl4 induced liver injury and fibrosis by decreasing plasma AST and ALT levels, reducing collagen I and α-SMA accumulation and other pro-fibrotic genes (CTGF, TIMP-1 and Vimentin) expressions in mouse liver, restoring damaged histological architecture and improving hepatic fibrosis scores. In vitro, RvD1 also repressed the LPS induced LX-2 cells activation and proliferation. These significant improvements mainly attributed to the inhibiting effect of RvD1 on autophagy in the process of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, as demonstrated by decreased ratio of LC3-II/I and elevated p62 after RvD1 treatment. In addition, using AZD5363 (an AKT inhibitor that activates autophagy) and AZD8055 (an mTOR inhibitor, another autophagy activator), we further verified that RvD1 suppressed autophagy-mediated HSC activation and alleviated CCl4 induced liver fibrosis partly through AKT/mTOR pathway. Overall, these results demonstrate that RvD1 treatment is expected to become a novel therapeutic strategy against liver fibrosis.
Negative Impact of Amphetamine-Type Stimulant Use on Opioid Agonist Treatment Retention in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Morin Kristen A. , Vojtesek Frank , Acharya Shreedhar , Marsh David C. 
Published: December 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate epidemiological trends of co-use patterns of amphetamine-type stimulants and opioids and the impact of co-use patterns on Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT) retention in Ontario, Canada. The secondary objective was to assess geographical variation in amphetamine-type stimulant use in Northern Rural, Northern Urban, Southern Rural and Southern Urban Areas of Ontario.Methods: A retrospective cohort study on 32,674 adults receiving OAT from ~70 clinics was conducted between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2020, in Ontario, Canada. Patients were divided into four groups base on the proportion of positive urine drug screening results for amphetamine-type stimulants during treatment: group 1 (0–25%), group 2 (25–50%), group 3 (50–75%), and groups 4 (75–100%). A Fractional logistic regression model was used to evaluate differences over time in amphetamine-type stimulant use with urine drug screening results. A Cox Proportional Hazard Ratio model was used to calculate the impact of amphetamine-type stimulant use on retention in OAT and adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, drug use and clinical factors. Lastly, a logistic regression model was used on a subgroup of patients to assess the impact of geography on amphetamine-type stimulant use in Northern Rural, Northern Urban, Southern Rural and Southern Urban Areas of Ontario.Results: There were significant differences in amphetamine-type stimulant positive urine drug screening results year-over-year from 2015 to 2020. Significant differences were observed between amphetamine-type stimulant groups with regards to sociodemographic, clinical and drug use factors. Compared to those with no amphetamine-type stimulant use, the number of days retained in OAT treatment for amphetamine-type stimulant users was reduced (hazard ratio 1.19; 95% confidence interval = 1.07–1.17; p &lt; 0.001). Lastly, an adjusted logistic regression model showed a significant increase in the likelihood of amphetamine-type stimulant use in Northern Rural regions compared to Southern Urban areas.Conclusion: There was a significant increase in amphetamine-type stimulant use among individuals in OAT from 2014 to 2020, associated with decreased OAT retention. Research is required to determine if tailored strategies specific to individuals in OAT who use amphetamine-type stimulants can improve OAT outcomes.
Global MHD Simulation of the Weak Southward IMF Condition for Different Time Resolutions
Authors: Park Kyung Sun 
Published: December 2021

We performed high-resolution three-dimensional global MHD simulations to determine the impact of weak southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) (Bz = −2 nT) and slow solar wind to the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere. We considered two cases of differing, uniform time resolution with the same grid spacing simulation to find any possible differences in the simulation results. The simulation results show that dayside magnetic reconnection and tail reconnection continuously occur even during the weak and steady southward IMF conditions. A plasmoid is generated on closed plasma sheet field lines. Vortices are formed in the inner side of the magnetopause due to the viscous-like interaction, which is strengthened by dayside magnetic reconnection. We estimated the dayside magnetic reconnection which occurred in relation to the electric field at the magnetopause and confirmed that the enhanced electric field is caused by the reconnection and the twisted structure of the electric field is due to the vortex. The simulation results of the magnetic field and the plasma properties show quasi-periodic variations with a period of 9–11 min between the appearances of vortices. Also the peak values of the cross-polar cap potential are both approximately 50 kV, the occurrence time of dayside reconnections are the same, and the polar cap potential patterns are the same in both cases. Thus, there are no significant differences in outcome between the two cases.
The Impact of Preoperative Nutritional Status on the Survival of Patients With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Shao-bin , Liu Di-tian , Chen Yu-ping 
Published: December 2021

Background: The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of different nutritional parameters in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent surgical resection.Methods: A total of 620 patients with ESCC who underwent esophagectomy were analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to set the appropriate cutoff points for five nutritional parameters: serum albumin (SA), body mass index (BMI), geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and a new modified nutritional risk index (mNRI). Survival analyses were performed to calculate overall survival and investigate the independent prognostic factors.Results: The median preoperative BMI, SA, GNRI, PNI, and mNRI values were 20.90, 42.75, 102.95, 51.90, and 63.90, respectively. The corresponding optimal cutoff points were 18.75 for BMI, 43.05 for SA, 98.5 for GNRI, 51.45 for PNI, and 61.45 for mNRI. All nutritional parameters were significantly correlated with tumor length and pT category. Decreased nutritional parameters were significantly correlated with poor survival in univariate analysis; however, only the mNRI was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (P = 0.041).Conclusions: Nutritional parameters are convenient and valuable prognostic factors in ESCC patients who undergo surgical resection. The new mNRI parameter may be superior to the other nutritional parameters.
Assessing the Asynchrony Event Based on the Ventilation Mode for Mechanically Ventilated Patients in ICU
Authors: Muhamad Sauki Nur Sa’adah , Damanhuri Nor Salwa , Othman Nor Azlan , Chiew Meng Belinda Chong , Chiew Yeong Shiong , Mat Nor Mohd Basri 
Published: December 2021

Respiratory system modelling can assist clinicians in making clinical decisions during mechanical ventilation (MV) management in intensive care. However, there are some cases where the MV patients produce asynchronous breathing (asynchrony events) due to the spontaneous breathing (SB) effort even though they are fully sedated. Currently, most of the developed models are only suitable for fully sedated patients, which means they cannot be implemented for patients who produce asynchrony in their breathing. This leads to an incorrect measurement of the actual underlying mechanics in these patients. As a result, there is a need to develop a model that can detect asynchrony in real-time and at the bedside throughout the ventilated days. This paper demonstrates the asynchronous event detection of MV patients in the ICU of a hospital by applying a developed extended time-varying elastance model. Data from 10 mechanically ventilated respiratory failure patients admitted at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Hospital were collected. The results showed that the model-based technique precisely detected asynchrony events (AEs) throughout the ventilation days. The patients showed an increase in AEs during the ventilation period within the same ventilation mode. SIMV mode produced much higher asynchrony compared to SPONT mode (p < 0.05). The link between AEs and the lung elastance (AUC Edrs) was also investigated. It was found that when the AEs increased, the AUC Edrs decreased and vice versa based on the results obtained in this research. The information of AEs and AUC Edrs provides the true underlying lung mechanics of the MV patients. Hence, this model-based method is capable of detecting the AEs in fully sedated MV patients and providing information that can potentially guide clinicians in selecting the optimal ventilation mode of MV, allowing for precise monitoring of respiratory mechanics in MV patients.
Enhanced Polonium Concentrations in Aerosols from the Gulf Oil Producing Region and the Role of Microorganisms
Authors: Behbehani Montaha , Carvalho Fernando Piedade , Uddin Saif , Habibi Nazima 
Published: December 2021

This study provides the first data set of 210Po and 210Pb activity concentrations in the organic and inorganic components of several particle size classes of aerosols collected at two sampling stations in Kuwait. The 210Po concentrations in the aerosols (Bq/g) were similar in all of the particle size classes, but as most (91%) of the aerosol load was made of fine fraction particles of PM0.39–2.5 µm, most of the 210Po activity was carried by this aerosol fraction. At the two sampling stations, the 210Po/210Pb activity concentration ratios in the aerosols were similar, stable around the year, and averaged 1.5 (range 1.2–1.9), much higher than the typical activity concentration ratios of these radionuclides in unmodified (background) aerosols, with Po/Pb < 0.1. The aerosol enrichment in 210Po was likely originated from the oil industry, specifically by gas flaring and oil refining in the Gulf region. Radionuclide analysis in the organic and inorganic components of aerosols showed that the 210Po concentration in the organic component was one order of magnitude higher than the 210Po concentration in the inorganic component, in contrast with 210Pb, which displayed similar concentrations in both organic and inorganic aerosol components. The 210Po carrying organic component of aerosols was investigated and it was found to be largely composed of microorganisms with high microbial and fungi diversity, with the phyla Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota being dominant among the bacteria and with Zygomycota being dominant among the fungi. Therefore, we are facing an active concentration process of the atmospheric 210Po carried out by microorganisms, which underlies the 210Po enrichment process in the organic component of aerosols. This bioconcentration of polonium in bioaerosols was unknown.
RECIPES FOR MODIFIED DRY MIXTURES
Authors: Муртазаев С-А. Ю. , Саламанова М. Ш. , Сайдумов М. С. , Исмаилова З. Х. 
Published: December 2021

В настоящей работе приводятся основные аспекты формирования специальных свойств материалов, а также компоненты, входящие в состав строительных сухих смесей. Приведенный анализ компонентов сухих строительных смесей подтвердил, что разработка рецептур сухих смесей - это энергоемкий и длительный процесс, требующий наличия современной лаборатории, оснащенной высококлассным оборудованием для проведения исследований. Результаты исследований подтверждают, что местный минерально-природный ресурс позволяет проводить необходимые мероприятия по разработке рецептур ССС.
This work presents the main aspects of the formation of special properties of materials, as well as the components that make up the construction dry mixes. The above analysis of the components of dry building mixtures confirmed that the development of formulations for dry mixtures is an energy-intensive and time-consuming process that requires a modern laboratory equipped with high-quality research equipment. The research results confirm that the local mineral and natural resource allows to carry out the necessary measures for the development of CCC formulations.
Jóvenes, inclusión social y comunidad
Authors: Jack Tatiana 
Published: December 2021

En el presente artículo se analiza los modos de territorialización y construcción de vínculos de confianza que desarrollan las políticas asistenciales con perspectiva comunitaria de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, que tienen como objetivo la inclusión social de jóvenes de sectores populares entre los años 2009-2019. Desde una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa, el análisis muestra la centralidad que la cuestión de los vínculos de confianza tiene en las políticas analizadas como eje organizador de las lógicas de intervención, como también la incidencia que las organizaciones socio-comunitarias han tenido en las políticas sociales hacia jóvenes durante los últimos años, aunque con tensiones, demandas y disputas con el Estado Provincial en el proceso de implementación. En estas modalidades, los vínculos se producen a través de dispositivos de acompañamiento en territorio que funcionan en las organizaciones sociales o en los municipios. Estas relaciones habilitan la intervención y el desarrollo de funciones de cuidado, afectividad y protección desde una mirada que intenta correrse de las respuestas punitivas y expulsivas. No obstante, el déficit presupuestario para su funcionamiento y la debilidad institucional que caracteriza a estos programas tensiona y limita las dinámicas de intervención.
Revivir para vivir la experiencia: dilemas éticos y emociones políticas que se presentan en el Trabajo Social, en los procesos de restablecimiento de derechos de los Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes.
Authors: Zuleta Garcés Ruby , Zapata Serna Víctor 
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo surge del interés de compartir las experiencias vividas en la Comisaría de Familia del Municipio de Caldas-Antioquia (2019), en el marco de las prácticas profesionales de Trabajo Social, en clave de sistematización. La investigación es descriptiva, con un enfoque fenomenológico, en el cual se buscó recuperar los dilemas éticos y las emociones políticas que se presentan en la practicante y la profesional de Trabajo Social en el proceso de restablecimiento de derechos de los Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes (NNA). En los resultados y conclusiones se logra identificar emociones como el miedo que se genera ante la incertidumbre del cuidado; el enojo, a modo de búsqueda de la justicia, y la tristeza que surge como parte de la conexión con el sufrimiento del otro. Por otro lado, se evidencia que aunque los dilemas éticos están presentes en la toma decisiones en un proceso de restablecimiento de derechos, estos infieren en las vida de los NNA, en especial en casos de conflictos institucionales, en los ingreso o retiros del medio familiar. La experiencia que se presenta a dos voces ratifica la necesidad formativa más allá de los protocolos y jurisprudencias sobre comprender el lugar de la infancia y la adolescencia en el mundo adulto. Los retos al finalizar la presente reflexión continuarán siendo sobre la base de la defensa y apoyo a quienes la requieren.
Reflexiones sobre las competencias para la gestión de proyectos de I+D en países en desarrollo
Authors: Perego Luis , Marteau Silvia 
Published: December 2021

En el año 2006, el informe Pisa presenta los resultados sobre competencia científica, incorporando las dimensiones de valores y actitudes de los estudiantes, sobre los conocimientos y destrezas que estos deben adquirir para abordar las distintas problemáticas desde la óptica de la ciencia y su metodología.
Las actividades complejas requieren de un número variado de competencias; estas a su vez, pueden ser especificadas por sus características, establecidas en tareas concretas que finalmente son incluidas en la competencia global.
En el caso de las instituciones académicas de países en donde el Estado es el principal financiador, y que poseen áreas específicas de I+D, que pretendan ser más efectivas y eficientes en el proceso de transferir los resultados de las investigaciones, las competencias administrativa y política son indispensables para poder convertir las ideas en acción.
Es llamativo que la mayoría de los trabajos referidos a las competencias de los profesionales dedicados a actividades de I+D, que realizan actividades complejas, no consideren competencias Emocionales y Sociales.
En este escrito reflexivo se pretende analizar los distintos componentes, habilidades y competencias requeridas para que los responsables de proyectos de I+D, que se llevan a cabo en países en desarrollo, alcancen elevados estándares en el proceso de transferir los resultados de sus investigaciones.
Procedural and organizational activities in the seizure of electronic media
Authors: Alontseva Elena 
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the procedural procedure for the seizure of electronic media, taking into account the general rules for the production of investigative actions. The problems of regulating the production of investigative actions, within which it is possible to seize electronic media and law enforcement practice on this issue, are subjected to a detailed study and analysis. It also formulated conclusions and proposals for amendments aimed at eliminating insufficiently clear regulation of legislation and improving law enforcement practice.
The main goal of the scientific work is to form a correct understanding of the determination of the grounds and the procedural procedure for the seizure of electronic media of information in the course of investigative actions in compliance with the requirements of the criminal procedure law. For this, some scientific ideas on this issue have been analyzed, the provisions of the criminal procedure law in terms of general rules for the production of investigative actions and other provisions of the law related to the procedure for the seizure of electronic media have been studied in detail, law enforcement practice has been studied. We used formal logical, descriptive, comparative legal methods and the method of interpreting legal norms.
The result of the scientific research is conclusions and proposals on the features of the seizure of electronic media in criminal cases in the field of entrepreneurial activity, on the participation of a specialist and attesting witnesses in the seizure or copying of information from electronic media.