bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of Sapindus Mukorossi Drying Efficiency using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Ashraf Rifayet , Chua Huang Shen , Lee Kiat Moon , Goh Thing Thing , Mokayef Mastaneh , Bashir Mohammed J. K. 
Published: December 2024

The Sapindus Mukorossi has to be pre-dried before it can be pyrolysed into bio-oil, biochar, and biogas. Traditionally, biomass is pre-dried for a full day at 105 degrees Celsius before pyrolysis. The optimum drying temperature, timing, and heating rate are essential for effective drying operation. The drying process parameters considered in the optimisation studies include temperature, duration and heating rate, and the optimisation was conducted using the response surface approach. Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to construct 20 experiment sets based on three factors (n = 3). The objective of each experiment was to observe weight reduction by applying a minimum load of 100g of Sapindus Mukorossi. The Raspberry Pi platform controlled a tailor-made 500-watt heater to adjust the temperature, rate of heating, and time. Pulse width modulation (PWM) was used to control the heating rate. The three factors and the results were generated in three-dimensional models and graphs, which finally helped to identify the best drying oven response. The optimisation method effectively resulted in a weight loss of 11.3685 g after 8 hours at a temperature of 200 °C and a heating rate of 14.15 °C/min. The CCD chooses the most efficient working parameters for the dryer to minimise operational costs. The design expert suggested a best-fitted correlation using the quadratic model with an R2 coefficient of determination of 0.9369 and a standard deviation of 0.7762.
Grain Size in the Class I Protostellar System TMC-1A Constrained with ALMA and Very Large Array Observations
Authors: Aso Yusuke , Ohashi Satoshi , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Xu Wenrui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The disk mass and substructure in young stellar objects suggest that planet formation may start at the protostellar stage, through the growth of dust grains. To accurately estimate the grain size at the protostellar stage, we have observed the Class I protostar TMC-1A using the Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at the Q (7 mm) and Ka (9 mm) bands at a resolution of ∼0.″2 and analyzed archival data of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at Bands 6 (1.3 mm) and 7 (0.9 mm) that cover the same spatial scale. The VLA images show a compact structure with a size of ∼25 au and a spectral index of ∼2.5. The ALMA images show compact and extended structures with a spectral index of ∼2 at the central ∼40 au region and another index of ∼3.3 in the outer region. Our spectral energy distribution analysis using the observed fluxes at the four bands suggests one branch with a small grain size of ∼0.12 mm and another with a grown grain size of ∼4 mm. We also model polarized dust continuum emission adopting the two grain sizes and compare them with an observational result of TMC-1A, suggesting that the small grain size is preferable to the grown grain size. The small grain size implies gravitational instability in the TMC-1A disk, which is consistent with a spiral-like component recently identified.
Separating Super-puffs versus Hot Jupiters among Young Puffy Planets
Authors: Karalis Amalia , Lee Eve J. , Thorngren Daniel P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Discoveries of close-in young puffy (R
p ≳ 6 R
⊕) planets raise the question of whether they are bona fide hot Jupiters or puffed-up Neptunes, potentially placing constraints on the formation location and timescale of hot Jupiters. Obtaining mass measurements for these planets is challenging due to stellar activity and noisy spectra. Therefore, we aim to provide independent theoretical constraints on the masses of these young planets based on their radii, incident fluxes, and ages, benchmarking to the planets of age <1 Gyr detected by Kepler, K2, and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Through a combination of interior structure models, considerations of photoevaporative mass loss, and empirical mass–metallicity trends, we present the range of possible masses for 22 planets with an age of ∼10–900 Myr and radii of ∼6–16 R
⊕. We generally find that our mass estimates are in agreement with the measured masses and upper limits where applicable. There exist some outliers including super-puffs Kepler-51 b, c and V1298 Tau d, b, e, for which we outline their likely formation conditions. Our analyses demonstrate that most of the youngest planets (≲100 Myr) tend to be puffed-up, Neptune-mass planets, while the true hot Jupiters are typically found around stars aged at least a few hundred Myr, suggesting the dominant origin of hot Jupiters to be late-stage high-eccentricity migration.
La distinction entre « patterns » et « processes » est-elle désuète en systématique ?
Authors: de Ricqlès Armand 
Published: December 2024

Les termes de « patterns » et « processes » expriment un couple de concepts antinomiques mais complémentaires mis en avant à partir des années 1970 dans la littérature de l’évolutionnisme et de la systématique. Après une analyse sommaire de leurs contenus, leur pertinence et leur utilité sont soulignées aussi bien d’un point de vue épistémologique que pratique. Toutefois, à certains niveaux hiérarchiques de l’organisation du vivant patterns et process peuvent arriver à coïncider et à se superposer (spéciation), ne représentant alors que les aspects respectivement statiques et dynamiques d’une même réalité évolutive. De même une analyse hiérarchique révèle la relativité de ces concepts, un pattern à un niveau plus élevé résultant de processes aux niveaux sous-jacents. Il est conclu que la distinction claire entre patterns et processes constitue un progrès conceptuel et pratique incontestable, mais qu’elle n’est pas absolue.
Conception et réalisation d’une exposition permanente consacrée à l’arbre du vivant
Authors: Pénicaud Pierre 
Published: December 2024

En 2007, l’équipe scientifique du muséum Henri-Lecoq de Clermont-Ferrand dont j’étais alors le directeur décide de consacrer une salle des présentations permanentes à la classification phylogénétique du vivant. Pourquoi et comment réalise-t-on un tel projet muséographique dans le contexte d’un muséum d’histoire naturelle en région aux moyens relativement limités ? Dans cet article nous replaçons ce projet dans le contexte local du musée (présentation du musée, inscription de celui-ci dans le projet scientifique et culturel de l’établissement) ; nous expliquons la méthodologie et les choix adoptés lors de la conception du projet (commissariat scientifique, réflexion muséographique, pédagogique, scénographique, sélection des espèces et des spécimens, écriture et validation des textes, graphisme) et sa réalisation ; et enfin nous présentons le bilan financier, la réception par le public et les difficultés et solutions envisagées.
Introduction pratique aux modèles linéaires phylogénétiques
Authors: Legendre Lucas J. 
Published: December 2024

Les méthodes phylogénétiques comparatives (PCM) sont devenues au cours de la dernière décennie une discipline majeure de la systématique et de la biologie de l’évolution, et un nombre croissant de publications dans ces domaines est consacré à l’application de ces méthodes à des problématiques liées à la systématique. Toutefois, la plupart de ces publications n’incluent pas d’informations relatives aux raisons ayant motivé le choix d’une méthode particulière, ni sur les conditions d’application de cette méthode dans un contexte statistique, ce qui peut rendre les différentes étapes de son utilisation difficile à appréhender pour les néophytes. Cet article présente une introduction pratique à deux des méthodes les plus utilisées en PCM, les moindres carrés généralisés phylogénétiques et l’analyse de variance phylogénétique, au moyen d’un exemple concret issu d’une publication récente sur le sujet. Cet exemple porte sur un jeu de données mesuré sur des coupes histologiques d’os chez un échantillon d’oiseaux actuels, et propose de tester le lien fonctionnel entre microstructure osseuse et type de vol dans un contexte phylogénétique. Les méthodes sont ici décrites étape par étape, et leurs conditions d’application et « pièges » classiques à éviter dans ce contexte sont également abordés, afin de fournir un aperçu complet de ces procédures et de leur utilisation.
Successful heart transplantation after 4 years of bridging with HeartWare HVAD for left ventricular noncompaction in an 11-year-old boy with prohibitively high pulmonary vascular resistance
Authors: Balakrishnan Komarakshi R. , Kandasami Sureshkumaran , Genny Suresh Rao Kemundel , Ramaswamy Rajesh Kumar , Ravikumar Ratnagiri 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
End-stage heart failure due to left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) poses unique challenges for ventricular assist device implantation, like inflow cannula obstruction due to trabeculations. We report a case of an 11-year-old boy with LVNC who underwent successful HeartWare implantation as a bridge to transplant for high pulmonary vascular resistance and had successful heart transplantation after 4 years of HeartWare support.
Stereomicroscopic Evaluation of Sealing Ability of Three Different Furcal Perforation Repair Materials: An In vitro Study
Authors: De Sriparna , Naik N Sathyajith , Sharma Shivangi , Vashisth Pallavi , Dua Rasleen , Maheshwari Priya 
Published: December 2024

Background:
The choice of sealing material is a crucial factor that influences the outcome of endodontic treatment.

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to compare the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus, Endocem MTA, and NeoPutty MTA when used as furcal perforation repair materials.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 45 mandibular molars were used. Root canal treatment was carried out following which standardized furcal perforations were made. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups of 15 teeth each. Group A-Furcal perforation repair by means of MTA Angelus, Group B-Furcal perforation repair using Endocem MTA, and Group C-Furcal perforation repair by NeoPutty MTA. Following the repair procedure, the pulp chambers and access openings were filled with temporary restorative material and immersed in 1% basic fuchsin dye for 24 h. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and the linear dye penetration was measured using a stereo-microscope.

Results:
The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a statistically significant difference among the groups (F = 16.15, P < 0.001). On calculating the depth of leakage to the total length of the perforation, it was observed that the mean leakage was 32.83% in Group I, 52.92% in Group II and the lowest, 16.35% in Group III. The ANOVA test reveals a statistically significant difference among the groups (F = 15.92, P < 0.001). Comparing the depth of dye penetration of dye, 33.3% of the Group I samples showed ≥50%, 49%–25%, and <25% dye penetration. Although 56.7% of Group II samples showed ≥50% dye penetration, whereas 63.3% of Group III showed <25% dye penetration.

Conclusion:
The present study indicated that NeoPutty MTA had the least dye penetration followed by MTA Angelus and Endocem MTA.
Evaluation of the Changes in the Alveolar Bone and Root Length after Maxillary Anterior Tooth Retraction and the Factors Influencing Them
Authors: Harinarayanan S. , Somaiah Sanju , Goutham B. , Muddaiah Sunil 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
There is a scarcity of studies in which both alveolar bone remodeling and root resorption are simultaneously assessed and compared against possible influencing factors such as rate of retraction and change in inclination. The aim of our study was to assess the changes in the alveolar bone thickness and root length of the maxillary anterior teeth after retraction and correlate it to the potential influencing factors, namely rate of retraction and change in inclination.

Subjects and Methods:
Ten patients requiring upper premolar extraction as part of their treatment were included in the study. Alveolar bone and root length changes were measured using cone beam computed tomography and the rate of retraction and change in inclination were assessed using lateral cephalograms. Two readings: Preretraction and postretraction were taken. Statistical analysis was done using Paired rank t-test and Spearman’s rank correlation tests. Significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results and Conclusions:
The labial alveolar bone thickness showed an increase, whereas the palatal and total alveolar bone thickness showed a decrease. Root resorption was observed in all teeth. Alveolar bone changes showed a positive correlation to the rate of retraction and a negative correlation to the change in inclination. The root length change showed a positive correlation to the change in inclination.
Therapeutic Modulation of Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Suresh Mithil Gowda , Mohamed Safia , Yukselen Zeynep , Hatwal Juniali , Venkatakrishnan Abhinaya , Metri Aida , Bhardwaj Arshia , Singh Arshdeep , Bush Nikhil , Batta Akash 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a primary global health concern with significant mortality and morbidity. Recent findings suggest that gut microbiota, through its complex interactions with host metabolism, immune response, and inflammation, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of CVD. The mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome offer a novel perspective on heart health. Excitingly, interventions targeting the microbiome, such as dietary adjustments, probiotics, and prebiotics, hold promise in reducing CVD risks. Adopting personalized approaches to microbiome therapy, tailored to individuals’ unique microbial profiles, could usher in more effective treatments for CVD. As research continues to unveil the intricate role of the gut microbiome, the future of CVD treatment and prevention appears poised for significant transformation. Therefore, this burgeoning field promises to bring about a paradigm shift in cardiovascular health management, with a strong emphasis on personalized, microbiome-based therapeutic strategies, and preventive measures through diet and lifestyle modifications. This review aims to emphasize the potential of integrating the gut microbial insights into clinical practice and how it can be exploited to revolutionize the prevention and management of CVD in future.
Diagnostic Utility of Various Hormones across Different Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kumar Padala Ravi , Telagareddy Radha Krishna , Dash Deepak Kumar , Patro Debasish 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) presents a complex diagnostic challenge due to its heterogeneous nature.

Aim:
This study aimed to examine the diagnostic utility of various hormones across different PCOS phenotypes.

Settings and Design:
This cross-sectional study was carried out in 187 newly diagnosed PCOS women (18–40 years) attending the outdoor clinics of the department of endocrinology and obstetrics and gynaecology of a tertiary care centre in India.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and eighty-seven PCOS women based on revised Rotterdam 2003 criteria were recruited. Ninety-four age-matched healthy females were taken as controls. All PCOS women were categorised into four phenotypes (A, B, C and D) based on the National Institute of Health (2012) criteria. Detailed clinical examination and hormonal investigations including testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) were performed.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was generated to find the diagnostic utility of various hormones by using SPSS version 26.0 software.

Results:
The largest PCOS group was phenotype A (33.15%, n = 61) followed by phenotype B (28.6%, n = 52), phenotype D (23.9%, n = 44) and phenotype C (16.3%, n = 30). In ROC analysis, AMH and testosterone (except phenotype D) were good diagnostic parameters for PCOS. AMH cutoffs varied from 4.4 to 5.6 ng/mL with sensitivities and specificities ranging from 86% to 97% and 85% to 100%, respectively, across all PCOS phenotypes. In the entire PCOS cohort, AMH at an optimal cutoff of 5.28 ng/mL had sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 97%, respectively, for the diagnosis of PCOS. Optimal testosterone cutoffs were 29.3, 25.1 and 23.1 ng/dL for phenotypes A, B and C, respectively, with reasonable sensitivities and specificities but not in phenotype D. Luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH/FSH ratio, androstenedione and DHEAS had low-to-moderate sensitivity across all phenotypes.

Conclusion:
AMH is a useful hormonal diagnostic marker for PCOS across all phenotypes.
Sperm Morphology of Post-wash Sample and Its Association with Clinical Pregnancy among the Couples Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination: A Cohort Study
Authors: Prathyusha Syamala , Kubera NS , Murugesan Srimathi , Sharma Jitendar Kumar , Venkatraman Sujatha , Ram Anusuya 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is an effective and inexpensive method of managing patients with unexplained and male factor infertility. It is attempted before proceeding to more invasive assisted reproductive techniques such as in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Numerous semen parameters have been assessed to indicate successful outcomes with IUI. It is debatable to what extent morphological parameters influence the IUI success.

Aim:
We aimed to study the association of sperm morphology and other semen parameters in post-wash inseminated samples with clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) among the couples undergoing IUI.

Settings and Design:
This was a prospective cohort study conducted between March 2022 and January 2024 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women and Children’s Hospital, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 127 couples presenting with infertility (underwent 246 IUI cycles) were included after written informed consent from study participants, semen collection was done and pre-wash and post-wash semen were analysed as per the World Health Organization Sixth Edition Laboratory Manual for sperm morphology.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Demographic data, semen analysis parameters and CPR results were compared and analysed using SPSS version 19.0.

Results:
Among 246 IUI cycles, post-wash sperm morphology was normal in 47.6% and teratozoospermia was noted in 52.4%. Clinical pregnancy was reported in 10.6% (n = 26) of couples, of which 6.1% (n = 15) had post-wash normal sperm morphology and 4.5% (n = 11) had post-wash teratozoospermia. When categorised by strict morphology ≤1%, 2%–3%, 4%–5% and ≥5%, the CPR was 0.0%, 12.0%, 12.6% and 12.9%, respectively. Even though clinical pregnancy was noted only with >1% sperm morphology, there was no significant association between sperm morphology and CPR.

Conclusion:
No significant differences in CPR were noted following IUI in couples with post-wash normal and abnormal sperm morphology. Hence, the current study findings suggest that sperm morphology should not be a criterion to exclude couples from undergoing IUI.
Robotic versus laparoscopic intersphincteric resection for patients with low rectal cancer: Short-term outcomes
Authors: Ge Wei , Shao Li-Hua , Qiu Yu-Dong , Chen Gang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
This study aimed to evaluate the short-term outcomes between laparoscopic intersphincteric resection (L-ISR) and robotic intersphincteric resection (R-ISR) for low rectal cancer.

Patients and Methods:
We performed a retrospective clinical analysis between August 2018 and August 2021 at the Department Of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.

Results:
A total of 28 patients were recruited in this research. Among these patients, there were 12 patients who underwent L-ISR and assigned to L-ISR group, and the remaining 16 patients underwent R-ISR and assigned to R-ISR group. The time to start oral fluids, time to start soft diet and time to first motion in R-ISR group were earlier than those in L-ISR group (P < 0.05). The hospital stay in R-ISR group was shorter than that in L-ISR group (P < 0.05). However, the operation time of R-ISR was longer compared to L-ISR group (P < 0.05). Most important of all, the Kelly score in R-ISR group was 5.1 ± 0.9, which was higher than that in L-ISR group (P = 0.004).

Conclusion:
R-ISR is safe and feasible for patients with low rectal cancer. R-ISR is superior to L-ISR despite the operation time of R-ISR is longer. A randomised controlled trial will be performed to confirm the conclusion further.
Prognostic accuracy of Whole Lung Perfusion Blood Volume as a predictor of 28-day Mortality in Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism – A prospective study
Authors: Reddy N Krishna , Adithan Subathra , Gantait Shubhamoy , Ramanathan Venkateswaran , Rajaram Manju 
Published: December 2024

Background:
The estimated incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) is around 60–70 cases per 100,000 people annually. The overall mortality rate for massive PE is substantial, ranging from 18% to 65%. We can utilise changes in lung perfusion to stratify patients with PE acutely based on risk, highlighting its diagnostic and prognostic value.

Objectives:
To calculate the whole-lung perfused blood volume (PBV) and right-to-left ventricular diameter ratio from dual-energy computed tomography thorax in patients with acute PE and find its association with 28-day all-cause mortality.

Methods:
This was a prospective diagnostic accuracy study at the Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research. We included suspected acute PE patients. A dual-energy chest CT was performed on all these patients, and iodine maps were generated using the Syngo dual-energy workstation. Whole-lung PBVs were then calculated. Patients were followed up for 28 days, and all-cause mortality data were collected. The prognostic accuracy of PBVs in predicting mortality among acute PE patients was analysed using the ROC curve using SPSS version 19.0.

Results:
The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.696, indicating a moderate discriminatory power in distinguishing between patients who experienced mortality and those who did not. An empirical cut-off value of 0.945 corresponds to a sensitivity of 63.2% and a specificity of 67.6%.

Conclusion:
The prognostic accuracy of total perfused lung volume/total lung volume revealed a moderate discriminatory power, indicating 70% accuracy in predicting 28-day mortality based on standardised total PBVs.