bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between cooking quality of fresh pasta made from durum wheat and protein content and molecular weight distribution parameters
Authors: Moayedi Sara , Ohm Jae‐Bom , Manthey Frank A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesAlthough proteins are known to have a dominant impact on pasta cooking quality for dry pasta, little information has been reported on associations between proteins and the cooking quality of fresh pasta. Therefore, the objective of this research was to assess associations between protein molecular weight distribution (MWD) parameters and cooking quality of fresh pasta made from durum wheat.FindingsSemolina samples that had high protein contents produced fresh pasta with high cooked pasta firmness (CPF) and low cooked pasta weight (CPW) and cooking loss. Protein MWD parameters varied with their associations with pasta cooking quality. Variation in CPF was positively associated with combination of SDS extractable and unextractable gliadin and albumin +globulin fractions but negatively associated with SDS extractable polymeric protein fraction. The CPW was positively affected by extractable polymeric protein fraction, while impact of albumin +globulin fraction was negative.ConclusionsProtein fractions had predominant and different roles on the variation of CPF and CPW of fresh pasta.Significance and noveltyThis research reports novel information on associations between fresh pasta cooking quality and protein MWD parameters. The research identified protein components that had dominant roles in determining pasta cooking quality of fresh pasta.
Light‐Off Support for Mobile DeNOx Systems
Authors: Schallhart Verena , Berthold Heinrich , Klemm Elias , Moeltner Lukas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe potential of direct heating of reactors is in this study exemplified by an aftertreatment system for passenger vehicles. Experimental and numerical investigations on thermal characteristics of catalyst supports were conducted for both a cordierite and a conductive hybrid ceramic substrate, whereby the latter offers the possibility of electric heating. A considerable reduction of critical heat‐up time after engine startup is evident for the conductive hybrid ceramic carrier, which consequently allows an increase in emission reduction efficiency.
Numerical analysis of the hemodynamics of rat aorta based on magnetic resonance imaging and fluid–structure interaction
Authors: Han Longzhu , Ren Quan , Lian Jianxiu , Luo Liyi , Liu Huawei , Ma Tianxiang , Li Xin , Deng Xiaoyan , Liu Xiao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMurine models have been widely used to investigate the mechanobiology of aortic atherosclerosis and dissections, which develop preferably at different anatomic locations of aorta. Based MRI and finite element analysis with fluid–structure interaction, we numerically investigated factors that may affect the blood flow and structural mechanics of rat aorta. The results indicated that aortic root motion greatly increases time‐averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), relative residence time (RRT), displacement of the aorta, and enhances helical flow pattern but has limited influence on effective stress, which is highly modulated by blood pressure. Moreover, the influence of the motion component on these indicators is different with axial motion more obvious than planar motion. Surrounding fixation of the intercostal arteries and the branch vessels on aortic arch would reduce the influence of aortic root motion. The compliance of the aorta has different influences at different regions, leading to decrease in TAWSS and helical flow, increase in OSI, RRT at the aortic arch, but has reversed effects on the branch vessels. When compared with the steady flow, the pulsatile blood flow would obviously increase the WSS, the displacement, and the effective stress in most regions. In conclusion, to accurately quantify the blood flow and structural mechanics of rat aorta, the motion of the aortic root, the compliance of aortic wall, and the pulsation of blood flow should be considered. However, when only focusing on the effective stress in rat aorta, the motion of the aortic root may be neglected.
Flame retardant investigations on carbon fibre‐reinforced polyurethane resin parts for aircraft applications produced by wet compression moulding
Authors: Behnisch Felix , Höhne Carl‐Christoph , Manas Lukas , Rosenberg Philipp , Henning Frank 
Published: March 2021

SummaryEpoxy resins are widely used in composite materials for aircraft applications. However, they are difficult to recycle, thus posing an increasing challenge to the aviation sector. By contrast, polyurethane resins (PUR) can be easily chemically recycled by solvolysis, but structural parts made of carbon fibre‐reinforced polyurethanes (CF‐PURs) are currently not in use in aircraft applications. This is due to a lack of knowledge about the properties of CF‐PURs, especially during exposure to higher temperatures and to fire. To increase the recyclability of aircraft parts, for example interior structures like seats, there is a need for CF‐PUR components which are able to fulfil the flame retardant regulations as well as the quality and production cycle time requirements of the aviation industry. It was found that a CF‐PUR formulation processed by wet compression moulding containing 9 wt% of a phosphorous polyol is able to fulfil these requirements for aviation interior applications.
Histology‐based molecular profiling improves mutation detection for advanced thyroid cancer
Authors: Eszlinger Markus , Khalil Moosa , Gillmor Aaron Hill , Huang Helen , Stewardson Paul , McIntyre John B. , Morrissy Sorana , Paschke Ralf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdvanced cancers frequently show histologic and molecular intratumoral heterogeneity. Therefore, we comprehensively characterized advanced, metastatic, radioiodine‐resistant (RAIR) thyroid carcinomas at the molecular level in the context of histologic heterogeneity with the aim to identify potentially actionable mutations that may guide the use of specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was applied to 29 macrodissected tissue samples of histologically heterogeneous and homogeneous areas, lymph node and lung metastases from six clinically and histologically well‐characterized metastatic RAIR thyroid cancer patients with structural incomplete response to treatment. WES data were analyzed to identify potential driver mutations in oncogenic pathways, copy number alterations, microsatellite instability, mutant‐allele tumor heterogeneity, and the relevance of histologic heterogeneity to molecular profiling. In addition to known driver mutations in BRAF, NRAS, EIF1AX, NCOA4‐RET, and TERT, further potentially actionable drivers were identified in AKT1, ATM, E2F1, HTR2A, and MLH3. The analysis of the evolutionary history of the mutations and the reconstruction of the molecular phylogeny of the cancers show a remarkable association between histologic and molecular heterogeneity. A comprehensive molecular analysis of the primary tumor guided by histologic analysis may help to better stratify patients for precision medicine approaches. Given the association between the molecular and the histologic heterogeneity, the selection of tumor samples for molecular analysis should be based on meticulous histologic evaluation of the entire tumor.
Does the Civic Renewal Movement Have a Future?
Authors: Levine Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA civic ideal is an ideal of deliberative self‐governance. People who participate in discussing what their own groups should do are being civic. Civic venues, institutions, and habits have waned since the mid‐1900s. In the 1990s, a movement arose to restore them, under the banner of “civic renewal.” This movement was carefully nonpartisan, often impartial about specific issues, and interested in creating alternative settings that could complement such basic political institutions as Congress and elections. As the condition of democracy has worsened in recent years, this approach looks inadequate or irrelevant. The most promising sources of civic renewal now are parties and social movements that have substantive agendas, such as racial justice, and that improve civic life as a collateral benefit.[Correction added on 27 September 2021, after first online publication: In the abstract, “mid‐1990s” has been changed to “mid‐1900s”.]
Quenched coumarin derivatives as fluorescence lifetime phantoms for NADH and FAD
Authors: Freymüller Christian , Kalinina Sviatlana , Rück Angelika , Sroka Ronald , Rühm Adrian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwo‐photon fluorescence lifetime imaging is a versatile laboratory technique in the field of biophotonics and its importance is also growing in the field of in vivo diagnostics for medical purposes. After years of experience in dermatology, endoscopic implementations of the technique are now posing new technical challenges. To develop, test, and compare instrumental solutions for this purpose suitable reference samples have been devised and tested. These reference samples can serve as reliable NADH‐ and FAD‐mimicking optical phantoms for 2‐photon fluorescence lifetime imaging, as they can be prepared relatively easily with reproducible and stable characteristics for this quite relevant diagnostic technique. The reference samples (mixtures of coumarin 1 and coumarin 6 in ethanol with suitable amounts of 4‐hydroxy‐TEMPO) have been tuned to exhibit spectral and temporal fluorescence characteristics very similar to those of NADH and FAD, the two molecules most frequently utilized to characterize cell metabolism.
Formation Dominates Resorption With Increasing Mineralized Density and Time Postfracture in Cortical but Not Trabecular Bone: A Longitudinal HRpQCT Imaging Study in the Distal Radius
Authors: Atkins Penny R , Stock Kerstin , Ohs Nicholas , Collins Caitlyn J , Horling Lukas , Benedikt Stefan , Degenhart Gerald , Lippuner Kurt , Blauth Michael , Christen Patrik , Müller Ralph 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTClinical evaluation of fracture healing is often limited to an assessment of fracture bridging from radiographic images, without consideration for other aspects of bone quality. However, recent advances in HRpQCT offer methods to accurately monitor microstructural bone remodeling throughout the healing process. In this study, local bone formation and resorption were investigated during the first year post fracture in both the fractured (n = 22) and contralateral (n = 19) radii of 34 conservatively treated patients (24 female, 10 male) who presented with a unilateral radius fracture at the Innsbruck University Hospital, Austria. HRpQCT images and clinical metrics were acquired at six time points for each patient. The standard HRpQCT image acquisition was captured for all radii, with additional distal and proximal image acquisitions for the fractured radii. Measured radial bone densities were isolated with a voxel‐based mask and images were rigidly registered to images from the previous imaging session using a pyramid‐based approach. From the registered images, bone formation and resorption volume fractions were quantified for multiple density‐based thresholds and compared between the fractured and contralateral radius and relative to demographics, bone morphometrics, and fracture metrics using regression. Compared with the contralateral radius, both bone formation and resorption were significantly increased in the fractured radius throughout the study for nearly all evaluated thresholds. Higher density cortical bone formation continually increased throughout the duration of the study and was significantly greater than resorption during late‐stage healing in both the fractured and intact regions of the radius. With the small and diverse study population, only weak relationships between fracture remodeling and patient‐specific parameters were unveiled. However this study provides methods for the analysis of local bone remodeling during fracture healing and highlights relevant considerations for future studies, specifically that remodeling postfracture is likely to continue beyond 12‐months postfracture. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Assessing challenging intra‐ and inter‐molecular charge‐transfer excitations energies with double‐hybrid density functionals
Authors: Brémond Éric , Ottochian Alistar , Pérez‐Jiménez Ángel José , Ciofini Ilaria , Scalmani Giovanni , Frisch Michael J. , Sancho‐García Juan Carlos , Adamo Carlo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigate the performance of a set of recently introduced range‐separated double‐hybrid functionals, namely ωB2‐PLYP, ωB2GP‐PLYP, RSX‐0DH, and RSX‐QIDH models for hard‐to‐calculate excitation energies. We compare with the parent (B2‐PLYP, B2GP‐PLYP, PBE0‐DH, and PBE‐QIDH) and other (DSD‐PBEP86) double‐hybrid models as well as with some of the most widely employed hybrid functionals (B3LYP, PBE0, M06‐2X, and ωB97X). For this purpose, we select a number of medium‐sized intra‐ and inter‐molecular charge‐transfer excitations, which are known to be challenging to calculate using time‐dependent density‐functional theory (TD‐DFT) and for which accurate reference values are available. We assess whether the high accuracy shown by the newest double‐hybrid models is also confirmed for those cases too. We find that asymptotically corrected double‐hybrid models yield a superior performance, especially for the inter‐molecular charge‐transfer excitation energies, as compared to standard double‐hybrid models. Overall, the PBE‐QIDH and its corresponding range‐separated RSX‐QIDH functional are recommended for general‐purpose TD‐DFT applications, depending on whether long‐range effects are expected to play a significant role.
circHIPK3 regulates proliferation and differentiation of myoblast through the miR‐7/TCF12 pathway
Authors: Gao Mengjin , Li Xue , Yang Zuojun , Zhao Shuo , Ling Xingxing , Li Jingjing , Xing Kai , Qi Xiaolong , Wang Xiangguo , Xiao Longfei , Ni Hemin , Guo Yong , Sheng Xihui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSkeletal muscle development is a complex biological process involving multiple key genes, signaling pathways and noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs and circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, the regulatory relationship among them is so complicated that it has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that miR‐7 inhibited C2C12 cell proliferation and differentiation by targeting transcription factor 12 (TCF12). circHIPK3 acted as a competing endogenous RNA, and its overexpression effectively reversed the regulation of miR‐7 on C2C12 cell proliferation and differentiation by increasing TCF12 expression. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that circHIPK3 regulates skeletal muscle development through the miR‐7/TCF12 pathway. This study provides a scientific basis for further research on skeletal muscle development at the circRNA level.
Financial constraints on genetic counseling and further risk‐management decisions among U.S. women at elevated breast cancer risk
Authors: Meadows Rachel J. , Padamsee Tasleem J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClinical guidelines recommend that women at high risk of breast cancer should consider various risk‐management options, which remain widely underutilized. We conducted semi‐structured, qualitative interviews with 50 high‐risk women to understand how financial constraints affect use of genetic counseling, genetic testing, and further risk‐management decisions. Inductive analyses revealed three categories of health‐related financial constraint: (a) lack of insurance, (b) underinsurance, and (c) other financial constraints (e.g., medical debt, raising children, managing comorbidities). Various breast cancer risk‐management actions were limited by these financial constraints, including genetic counseling, genetic testing, enhanced screening, and prophylactic surgeries. Women's narratives also identified complex relationships between financial constraint and perceptions of healthcare providers and insurance companies, particularly as related to bias, price transparency, and potential genetic discrimination. Results from this study have implications for further research and expansion of genetic counseling services delivery to more economically and racially diverse women.
Cost‐effectiveness of statins for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV in the United States
Authors: Boettiger David C , Newall Anthony T , Phillips Andrew , Bendavid Eran , Law Matthew G , Ryom Lene , Reiss Peter , Mocroft Amanda , Bonnet Fabrice , Weber Rainer , El‐Sadr Wafaa , d’Arminio Monforte Antonella , de Wit Stephane , Pradier Christian , Hatleberg Camilla I , Lundgren Jens , Sabin Caroline , Kahn James G , Kazi Dhruv S 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundExpanding statin use may help to alleviate the excess burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Pravastatin and pitavastatin are preferred agents due to their lack of substantial interaction with antiretroviral therapy. We aimed to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of pravastatin and pitavastatin for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among PLHIV in the United States.MethodsWe developed a microsimulation model that randomly selected (with replacement) individuals from the Data‐collection on Adverse Effects of Anti‐HIV Drugs study with follow‐up between 2013 and 2016. Our study population was PLHIV aged 40 to 75 years, stable on antiretroviral therapy, and not currently using lipid‐lowering therapy. Direct medical costs and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) were assigned in annual cycles and discounted at 3% per year. We assumed a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $100,000/QALY gained. The interventions assessed were as follows: (1) treating no one with statins; (2) treating everyone with generic pravastatin 40 mg/day (drug cost $236/year) and (3) treating everyone with branded pitavastatin 4 mg/day (drug cost $2,828/year). The model simulated each individual’s probability of experiencing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease over 20 years.ResultsPersons receiving pravastatin accrued 0.024 additional QALYs compared with those not receiving a statin, at an incremental cost of $1338, giving an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $56,000/QALY gained. Individuals receiving pitavastatin accumulated 0.013 additional QALYs compared with those using pravastatin, at an additional cost of $18,251, giving an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $1,444,000/QALY gained. These findings were most sensitive to the pill burden associated with daily statin administration, statin costs, statin efficacy and baseline atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, no statin was optimal in 5.2% of simulations, pravastatin was optimal in 94.8% of simulations and pitavastatin was never optimal.ConclusionsPravastatin was projected to be cost‐effective compared with no statin. With substantial price reduction, pitavastatin may be cost‐effective compared with pravastatin. These findings bode well for the expanded use of statins among PLHIV in the United States. To gain greater confidence in our conclusions it is important to generate strong, HIV‐specific estimates on the efficacy of statins and the quality‐of‐life burden associated with taking an additional daily pill.
Shrub‐rings used to reconstruct drought history of the central Alxa desert, northwest China
Authors: Ding Ai‐Jun , Xiao Sheng‐Chun , Peng Xiao‐Mei , Tian Quan‐Yan , Han Chao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe climate history of the Alxa desert of northwestern China must be sought both in recent instrumental records (dating from 1960) and in high‐resolution proxy data. Climate proxies are scarce in desert areas; however, long‐lived desert shrubs can offer one such proxy. We have used shrub‐ring data from Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, collected in the central Alxa desert, to reconstruct the Self‐calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) for the period 1880–2015. The data covers the May–July growth season. When we compared the history constructed from the shrub‐ring data with the instrumental data collected 1960–2015, we found that the reconstructed history explained 41% of the variance in scPDSI data (40% after adjusting for loss of degrees of freedom). The reconstructed history shows that this region has experienced six persistent droughts and four seasons wetter than usual during the period under study. Of note is a severe drought event in 1920s that affected much of northern China (as noted in contemporary documents). The droughts and wet seasons identified in our reconstruction are consistent with reports from other researchers who have studied the climate history or the region. Our study suggests that it is feasible to reconstruct climate history using shrub‐ring data from long‐lived desert shrubs.
Clinico‐metabolic characterization improves the prognostic value of histological growth patterns in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Bohlok Ali , Duran Derijckere Ivan , Azema Hugues , Lucidi Valerio , Vankerckhove Sophie , Hendlisz Alain , Van Laethem Jean Luc , Vierasu Irina , Goldman Serge , Flamen Patrick , Larsimont Denis , Demetter Pieter , Dirix Luc , Vermeulen Peter , Donckier Vincent 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe histological growth pattern (HGP) represents a strong prognostic factor in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). We evaluated whether the combination of HGP with clinico‐metabolic parameters could improve its prognostic value.MethodsIn a series of 108 patients undergoing resection of CRLM, the HGP of CRLM was scored according to international guidelines. Baseline clinico‐metabolic clinical status was evaluated using a metabolic‐Clinical Risk Score (mCRS), combining traditional Memorial Sloan Kettering‐CRS parameters with the tumor‐to‐liver glucose uptake ratio as measured with 18Fluorodeoxyglucose/positron emission tomography.ResultsIn patients with desmoplastic HGP (DHGP) CRLM (20% of all patients), 5‐ and 10‐years overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were 66% and 43% and 37% and 24.5%, as compared with 35% and 21% and 11% and 11% in the non‐DHGP group (p = 0.07 and 0.054). Among DHGP patients, those with a low‐risk mCRS had improved postoperative outcomes, 5‐ and 10‐years OS and DFS reaching 83.3% and 62.5% and 50% and 33%, as compared with 18% and 0% and 0% and 0% in high‐risk mCRS patients (p = 0.007 and 0.003). In contrast, mCRS did not influence postoperative survivals in non‐DHGP patients.ConclusionsCombining the clinico‐metabolic characteristics with the HGP may improve prognostication in patients undergoing surgery for CRLM.