bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous optimization of even flow and land and timber value in forest planning: a continuous approach
Authors: González-González José M. , Vázquez-Méndez Miguel E. , Diéguez-Aranda Ulises 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Forest management planning involves deciding which silvicultural treatment should be applied to each stand and at what time to best meet the objectives established for the forest. For this, many mathematical formulations have been proposed, both within the linear and non-linear programming frameworks, in the latter case generally considering integer variables in a combinatorial manner. We present a novel approach for planning the management of forests comprising single-species, even-aged stands, using a continuous, multi-objective formulation (considering economic and even flow) which can be solved with gradient-type methods.

Results
The continuous formulation has proved robust in forest with different structures and different number of stands. The results obtained show a clear advantage of the gradient-type methods over heuristics to solve the problems, both in terms of computational time (efficiency) and in the solution obtained (effectiveness). Their improvement increases drastically with the dimension of the problem (number of stands).

Conclusions
It is advisable to rigorously analyze the mathematical properties of the objective functions involved in forest management planning models. The continuous bi-objective model proposed in this paper works with smooth enough functions and can be efficiently solved by using gradient-type techniques. The advantages of the new methodology are summarized as: it does not require to set management prescriptions in advance, it avoids the division of the planning horizon into periods, and it provides better solutions than the traditional combinatorial formulations. Additionally, the graphical display of trade-off information allows an a posteriori articulation of preferences in an intuitive way, therefore being a very interesting tool for the decision-making process in forest planning.
Asthma and COVID-19: a dangerous liaison?
Authors: Lombardi Carlo , Gani Federica , Berti Alvise , Comberiati Pasquale , Peroni Diego , Cottini Marcello 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), provoked the most striking international public health crisis of our time. COVID-19 can cause a range of breathing problems, from mild to critical, with potential evolution to respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Elderly adults and those affected with chronic cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory conditions carry a higher risk of severe COVID-19. Given the global burden of asthma, there are well-founded concerns that the relationship between COVID-19 and asthma could represent a “dangerous liaison”.Here we aim to review the latest evidence on the links between asthma and COVID-19 and provide reasoned answers to current concerns, such as the risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or severe COVID-19 stratified by asthmatic patients, the contribution of type-2 vs. non-type-2 asthma and asthma-COPD overlap to the risk of COVID-19 development. We also address the potential role of both standard anti-inflammatory asthma therapies and new biological agents for severe asthma, such as mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab, on the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes.
Suture granuloma mimicking local recurrence of colon cancer after open right hemicolectomy: a case report
Authors: Huang Shih-Feng , Chiang Chia-Ling , Lee Ming-Hung 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Foreign body granuloma is a rare surgery-related complication that can masquerade as cancer recurrence during postoperative surveillance. It may therefore deceive clinicians and lead to unnecessary interventions. The case presented herein demonstrates how a foreign body granuloma can be misleading in preoperative radiological studies and why this condition should not be ignored in differential diagnoses during surveillance of patients with previous history of abdominal surgery of any kind.

Case presentation
We report a case of suture granuloma mistaken for recurrent colon cancer, including the clinical history, imaging data, and histopathological photographs. A 60-year-old man was followed up at our institution after open right hemicolectomy 2 years earlier for ascending colon carcinoma. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an infiltrative heterogeneous soft tissue lesion at the right mesenteric root, adjacent to the ileocolic anastomosis. Local recurrence was therefore suspected. We performed exploratory laparotomy, excised the tumor, and sent it for histopathological examination, which confirmed suture granuloma.

Conclusions
Foreign body granuloma is a rare surgery-related complication that should be considered during surveillance following colectomy. Its radiological features may mimic recurrent lesions, thus misleading clinicians and causing unnecessary interventions or further complications.
Culture and community perceptions on diet for maternal and child health: a qualitative study in rural northern Ghana
Authors: Dalaba Maxwell A. , Nonterah Engelbert A. , Chatio Samuel T. , Adoctor James K. , Watson Daniella , Barker Mary , Ward Kate A. , Debpuur Cornelius 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
This study explored cultural and community perceptions of optimal diet for maternal and child health in northern Ghana.

Methods
This was an exploratory cross-sectional study using qualitative methods for data collection. Data were collected between March and April 2019 consisting of 10 focus group discussions with men and women community members between 18 and 50 years in the Kassena-Nankana districts of Ghana. Data were organised using QSR NVivo 12 qualitative software to facilitate thematic analysis.

Results
All study participants recognised the importance of an optimal diet for mother, child and better pregnancy and breastfeeding outcomes. However, there were different cultural beliefs and taboos about what foods are healthy and non-healthy for women at different stages of the reproductive period. Foods perceived to be unhealthy for pregnant women were fatty foods and fresh meat (uncooked or unprocessed meat) due to the belief that they can lead to delivery complications, which many women feared. In addition, some participants relayed the cultural belief that pregnant woman should not eat eggs because it would make the child a thief. Lactating mothers are not to eat foods such as vigna subterranean known locally as bambara bean and “gari” (local meal made from cassava) because it is believed to inhibit breastmilk production. Participants emphasised that food insecurity and economic constraints meant women could not achieve optimal diet and could not afford to be selective in food choices.

Conclusion
Community members recognized the importance of optimal nutrition but were constrained by poverty and cultural barriers. A dual approach which targets improvements of local food production and economic empowerment in combination with community-based discussion and education of the impacts of food taboos on health, should facilitate improvement in the diets of women and future generations.
A large invasive chondroblastoma on the temporomandibular joint and external auditory canal: a case report and literature review
Authors: Bae Heeyeon , Ryu Dong-mok , Kim Hyung Kyung , Hong Sung-ok , Lee Hyen Woo , Shin Youngjin , Jee Yu-jin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Chondroblastomas, which account for approximately 1% of all bone tumors, typically occur in long bones, such as the femur, humerus, and tibia. However, in extremely rare cases, they may also occur in the craniofacial region where the tumor is often found in the squamous portion of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and in the temporal bone.

Case presentation
This case report describes a large chondroblastoma (diameter, approximately 37 mm) that occurred in the TMJ. The tumor was sufficiently aggressive to destroy the TMJ, mandibular condyle neck, external auditory canal (EAC), mandibular fossa of the temporal bone, and facial nerve. The tumor was completely excised using a pre-auricular approach. The EAC and surgical defect were successfully reconstructed using a temporoparietal fascia flap (TPFF) and an inguinal free fat graft. There was no local tumor recurrence at the 18-month follow-up visits. However, the patient developed sensory neural hearing loss, and his eyebrow paralysis worsened, eventually requiring plastic surgery.

Conclusion
Large, invasive chondroblastomas of the TMJ can be completely removed through a pre-auricular approach, and the resulting surgical defect can be reconstructed using TPFF and free fat grafts. However, preoperative evaluation of the facial nerve and auditory function is necessary. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is essential.
Patient adherence with infection control measures on a novel ‘COVID-19 triage’ psychiatric in-patient ward
Authors: Williams Ryan , Tweed John , Rebolledo Laura , Khalid Osman , Agyeman Josephine , Pinto da Costa Mariana 
Published: July 2021

Background
Intra-hospital transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major concern. Psychiatric in-patient units pose unique challenges for the prevention of transmission. ‘COVID-triage’ wards with strict infection control procedures have been implemented to prevent the spread of infection, but little is known about the extent to which psychiatric in-patients adhere to these procedures.

Aims
To examine patient adherence with infection control measures on a novel ‘COVID-triage’ psychiatric in-patient ward in London, England.

Method
This was an observational study of adherence with infection control measures. The proportion of patients who were adherent with infection control measures was calculated. The association of adherence with demographic and clinical factors was examined.

Results
The majority of patients (n = 138/176, 78.4%) were not adherent with infection control measures. However, adherence did improve when patients who were non-adherent were given direct instructions by staff during clinical contact. Patients with diagnoses of psychotic disorders, personality disorders and substance use disorders were less likely to be adherent than those without these diagnoses.

Conclusions
Psychiatric in-patients show poor adherence with infection control measures. Proactive engagement by staff is key to improving patients’ adherence. Urgent efforts are needed to identify and implement other effective methods of improving adherence in acute settings.
Perioperative Opioid Consumption and Clinical Outcomes in Surgical Patients With a Pre-existing Opioid-Based Intrathecal Drug Delivery System
Authors: D’Souza Ryan S. , Warner Matthew A. , Olatoye Oludare O. , Langford Brendan J. , Bruns Danette L. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Mauck William D. , Schaefer Kalli K. , Warner Nafisseh S. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND:
Intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS) have been utilized for over 3 decades for management of chronic pain and spasticity. Patients with IDDS may present for surgical procedures unrelated to the IDDS device, although data are limited regarding perioperative outcomes.

METHODS:
This is a historical matched cohort study conducted between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2016 of patients with an opioid-based IDDS versus matched control patients undergoing surgery excluding interventional pain procedures. Patients in the IDDS group were matched with up to 2 patients without an IDDS. Multivariable regression analyses were utilized to assess differences in the primary outcome of cumulative perioperative opioid consumption (ie, intraoperative and postanesthesia care unit [PACU] opioid consumption), and opioid consumption during the first 24 and 72 postoperative hours. Postoperative clinical outcomes were also assessed including escalating oxygen requirements, naloxone administration, pain-sedation mismatch, and perioperative pain service consultation.

RESULTS:
A total of 321 surgeries were included, 112 with IDDS and 209 controls, with median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 57 (49–64) years. Compared to matched controls, patients with an IDDS had greater perioperative opioid consumption (median [IQR] oral morphine milligram equivalents [OME] of 110 [60–163] vs 93 [IQR, 53–142]; adjusted multiplicative increase 1.28 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.03–1.59]; P = .026). IDDS patients also had greater opioid consumption in the first 24 and 72 postoperative hours (multiplicative increases of 2.23 [95% CI, 1.36–3.63], P = .001, and 2.46 [95% CI, 1.41–4.32], P = .002, respectively). There were no significant differences in postoperative oxygen requirements, naloxone administration, or pain-sedation mismatch. Inpatient pain medicine consultation was more frequent in IDDS patients compared to controls (51.8% vs 6.2%; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with opioid-based IDDS received more perioperative opioids and were more likely to receive postoperative pain service consultation compared to matched controls. There were no significant differences in clinical safety outcomes, suggesting tolerance for higher opioid doses. Further research is warranted to optimize perioperative outcomes in those with IDDS.
Porous Carbon/Se Composite Derived from Pistachio Shell as High-performance Li-Se Battery Cathode
Authors: Ou Junke , Wang Hao , Wang Jiayi , Wu Shugen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pistachio shell derived porous carbon with a large amount of micropores is fabricated via a straightforward chemical activation and used as a selenium host material for lithium-selenium batteries. The as-obtained Se/carbon cathode displays a first discharge capacity of 713.1 mAh g−1 and displays a superior reversible capacity of 422.3 mAh g−1 after the 100th cycle at 0.2 C (1 C = 675 mA g−1). Furthermore, at a large rate of 10 C (6.75 A g−1), it still displays a reversible capacity of 221.2 mAh g−1. Such unique porous carbon as a selenium host material with superior electrochemical performance suggests great potential for practical application in Li-Se batteries.
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus postoperative adjuvant XELOX chemotherapy versus postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with XELOX regimen for local advanced gastric cancer-A randomized, controlled study
Authors: Wang Fuli , Qu Aizhong , Sun Yinping , Zhang Jifeng , Wei Benzun , Cui Yong , Liu Xiao , Tian Wei , Li Yan 
Published: July 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) combined with postoperative adjuvant XELOX (Oxaliplatin +Capecitabine) chemotherapy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) with XELOX for local advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). Methods: In this prospectively randomized trial, we investigated the effect of NACRT combined with postoperative ACT for LAGC. 60 patients were randomly divided into NACRT group and ACT group, with 30 patients in each group. Patients in NACRT group were given three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (45 Gy/1.8 Gy/f) accompanied by synchronous XELOX of two cycles, followed by surgery, and then postoperative adjuvant XELOX chemotherapy of four cycles was performed. Patients in ACT group received surgery in advance, and then XELOX chemotherapy of six cycles was given. Results: The objective response rate of NACRT was 76.7%. The overall incidence of postoperative complications in NACRT group was not significantly different from that in ACT group (23.1% vs 30.0%, p = 0.560). The 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years progression-free survival (PFS）and overall survival (OS) in NACRT and ACT groups were 80.0% vs 56.7%, 73.3% vs 46.7%, 60.0% vs 33.3%, and 86.7% vs 80.0%, 76.7% vs 66.7%, 63.3% vs 50.0%, respectively. Patients in NACRT group showed a significantly higher R0 resection rate (84.6% vs 56.7%, p = 0.029),lower loco-regional recurrence rate (36.7% vs 11.5%, p = 0.039), longer PFS (p = 0.019) and freedom from locoregional progression(FFLP) (p = 0.004) than patients in ACT group, while there was no difference in OS (p = 0.215) and in toxicity incidence (p > 0.05). Conclusions: NACRT combined with postoperative adjuvant XELOX chemotherapy can improve R0 resection rate, reduce loco-regional recurrence, prolong PFS and FFLP without increasing the incidence of postoperative complications in patients with LAGC. Advances in knowledge: Compared with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, locally advanced gastric cancer patients may benefit from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and toxicity associated with chemoradiotherapy was tolerant and manageable.
Στάσεις και εξοικείωση εκπαιδευτικών φυσικής αγωγής σχετικά με την επιληψία και τη συμμετοχή μαθητών πασχόντων από επιληψία στο μάθημα της φυσικής αγωγής
Authors: Νικηταΐδης Νικόλαος Εμμανουήλ 
Published: July 2021

Η ένταξη και η ενσωμάτωση στη γενική εκπαίδευση των παιδιών που πάσχουν από επιληψία, αποτελεί σημαντικό παράγοντα της ποιότητας ζωής τους, αλλά πολλές φορές αντιμετωπίζει δυσκολίες. Το μάθημα της Φυσικής Αγωγής (Φ.Α.) και οι στάσεις των εκπαιδευτικών Φυσικής Αγωγής (Ε.Φ.Α.) μπορεί να έχουν σημαντικό ρόλο στη διαδικασία της ένταξής τους και στη δια βίου άθληση. Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας είναι να μελετήσει την ύπαρξη επιμόρφωσης κι εμπειριών των Ε.Φ.Α. σχετικά με την επιληψία καθώς και τις απόψεις και στάσεις σχετικά με τη συμμετοχή των μαθητών πασχόντων από επιληψία (Μ.Π.Ε.) στο μάθημα της Φ.Α.. Για τις ανάγκες της έρευνας δημιουργήθηκε αρχικά ένα ανώνυμο ερωτηματολόγιο 21 ερωτήσεων, το οποίο δόθηκε σε 123 Ε.Φ.Α. από την Αττική. Από τα αποτελέσματα της παραγοντικής ανάλυσης προέκυψε ένα ερωτηματολόγιο 20 ερωτήσεων το οποίο, εκτός από την ύπαρξη σχετικής επιμόρφωσης, εξέταζε και τρεις κατηγορίες παραγόντων: τις εμπειρίες σχετικά με την επιληψία, τις στάσεις Ε.Φ.Α.. για θέματα μέτρων ασφαλείας και χορήγησης πρώτων βοηθειών σε μαθητή-τρια σε κρίση επιληψίας, καθώς και τις απόψεις τους για τα οφέλη της συμμετοχή Μ.Π.Ε. στο μάθημα της Φ.Α. αλλά και των σχετικών επιμορφώσεων. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι παρότι η πλειοψηφία έχει εξοικείωση με την επιληψία μέσω εμπειρίας, ωστόσο μικρό μόνο ποσοστό (14,6%) έχει λάβει κάποια επιμόρφωση. H πλειοψηφία (54,5%) αισθάνεται σε θέση να παρέχει τις πρώτες βοήθειες σε μαθητή -τρια σε κρίση επιληψίας. Η γνώση ύπαρξης νομικής κάλυψης για την παροχή του ειδικού φαρμάκου με υποκλυσμό και η σχετική επιμόρφωση δείχνουν να αποτελούν σημαντικούς παράγοντες στην πρόθεση χορήγησής του. Η συντριπτική πλειοψηφία πιστεύει ότι η συμμετοχή στο μάθημα της Φ.Α. προσφέρει σωματικά, παιδαγωγικά και ψυχολογικά οφέλη στους Μ.Π.Ε. Συμπερασματικά, τα αποτελέσματα αναδεικνύουν την ανάγκη συστηματικότερης διερεύνησης των γνώσεων και στάσεων των Ε.Φ.Α. και επιμόρφωσής τους.
Potential predictors of adoption of the Tobacco Heating System by U.S. adult smokers: An actual use study
Authors: Roulet Steve , Chrea Christelle , Kanitscheider Claudia , Kallischnigg Gerd , Magnani Pierpaolo , Weitkunat Rolf 
Published: July 2021

Background: This was a pre-market, observational, actual use study with the Tobacco Heating System (THS), a candidate modified risk tobacco product. The main goal of the study was to describe THS adoption within current adult daily smokers by replicating the usage of THS in real-world conditions with participants being able to consume cigarettes, THS, and any other nicotine-containing products (e.g., e-cigarettes, cigars, etc.) ad libitum. Methods: This study assessed self-reported stick-by-stick consumption of THS compared with the use of commercial cigarettes over six weeks. The aim of the analysis was to identify potential predictors for adoption of THS using stepwise logistic regression analysis. Results: By the end of the observational period (in Week 6), 14.6% of participants (n=965) had adopted THS meaning that THS formed 70% or more of their total tobacco consumption. The main predictors of adoption were the liking of the smell, taste, aftertaste, and ease of use of THS. The proportion of adoption was higher in participants aged 44 years and older and in Hispanic or Latino adult smokers. Additionally, adoption of THS was more likely in participants who had never attempted to quit smoking and in participants who smoked up to 10 cigarettes per day. Finally, the adoption of THS was higher in participants who consumed both regular and menthol THS compared with those who consumed only one THS variant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the introduction of THS in the U.S. has the potential to result in adoption by current adult smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke cigarettes, and that the adoption of THS is unlikely to result in an increase of tobacco consumption. Post-marketing studies will provide further insights on THS adoption and THS use patterns to allow assessment of the impact of the THS at the individual and the overall population level.
Acceptability and feasibility of conducting a pilot trial in Irish primary care: lessons from the IDEAs study
Authors: Riordan Fiona , Murphy Katie , Bradley Colin , Kearney Patricia M. , Smith Susan M. , McHugh Sheena M. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction Understanding primary care practices’ ‘readiness’ to engage in trials and their experience is important to inform trial procedures and supports. Few studies report on the feasibility of study procedures though this is a central part of pilot trials. We explored the acceptability and feasibility of study procedures of a cluster randomised pilot trial of an intervention in primary care to improve uptake of Ireland’s national diabetic retinopathy programme. Methods As part of the embedded mixed-methods process evaluation, quantitative and qualitative data were gathered across four general practices participating in the intervention. Interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of staff. Research logs on time spent on intervention delivery, staff assignment, resources, problems/changes, and reasons for drop-outs, were maintained over the course of intervention rollout, and practice audit data were analysed. Quantitative outcomes included recruitment, retention, completion, and data quality and completeness. Qualitative data on perceptions and experience of the pilot trial procedures were analysed using the Framework Method. Findings Nine staff (3 GPs, 4 nurses, 2 administrators) were interviewed. An interest in the topic area or in research motivated practices to take part in the trial. Reimbursement meant they could ‘afford’ to participate. Staff valued the researcher briefing at the start of the trial, to avoid ‘going in slightly blind’. While staff varied in audit skills and confidence, and some found this aspect of data collection challenging, a ‘step-by-step’ audit manual and regular researcher contact, helped them stay on track and troubleshoot during data collection. Audit quality was acceptable overall, however there were some issues, incorrect assignment of patient status being most common. Conclusion The IDEAs trial procedures were acceptable and feasible for primary care staff, however, challenges with conducting the audit may reflect staff skills gaps and the need for greater guidance and support from researchers.