bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WHO PROTESTS AND WHY: HIERARCHICAL GOVERNMENT TRUST AND PROTEST PARTICIPATION IN CHINA
Authors: Chen Yen-Hsin , Paolino Philip , Mason T. David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a theory on how trust in the central government to remedy grievances combined with a lack of trust in local government to act motivates people to participate in local protests in China. Low trust in local government combined with high trust in the central government gives people expectation that protest will not be an exercise in futility. People protest to redress injustices when they believe that such protests have a chance of producing a favorable resolution of their grievances. Utilizing individual level data from the Asian Barometer Survey Wave 4, our analysis suggests that, in contemporary China, people who have greater trust in the central government than the local government are more likely than others to report having participated in protests. In a society without meaningful elections, participating in protest is an effective strategy for attracting the attention from the upper-level authorities in hope of redressing unfavorable situations.
A new Late Devonian flora from Sonid Zuoqi, Inner Mongolia, northeastern China
Authors: Bai Lingqi , Huang Pu , Yang Ning , Ju Wenxin , Liu Jianbo , Basinger James F. , Xu Honghe , Xue Jinzhuang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Silurian and Devonian plant fossil record is the basis for our understanding of the early evolution of land plants, yet our appreciation of early global phytogeographic evolution has been constrained by the focus of most studies on deposits from Europe, North America, and, more recently, South China. Devonian plants have been recorded rarely from northeastern China, and among previous records, few plants have been illustrated and formally described. In this article, megafossil plants representing a Late Devonian-aged (probably Famennian) flora are described from a locality at northern Sonid Zuoqi, Inner Mongolia, NE China. The flora includes Melvillipteris sonidia new species, Archaeopteris sp., and fragments of some other plants. The new plant shows main axes and two orders of lateral branches. The first-order branches of this plant show a typical zigzag appearance and are borne in pairs on main axes. Second-order branches are straight or slightly flexed, and are borne helically or alternately on first-order branches. Sterile ultimate appendages and fertile structures of M. sonidia n. sp. are borne alternately on second-order branches. An associated palynological assemblage, as well as U-Pb ages of detrital zircon grains from adjacent horizons, are also reported, indicating a Late Devonian age in accord with the megafossil plants. The present study contributes to our appreciation of the Devonian floristic diversity of the Xing'an Block, and, through our review of the record of early vascular plants from NE China, more broadly to the understanding of the mid-latitude vegetation of the Northern Hemisphere during the Late Devonian.
Taxonomic revision of Ediacaran tubular fossils: Cloudina, Sinotubulites and Conotubus
Authors: Yang Ben , Warren Lucas V. , Steiner Michael , Smith Emily F. , Liu Pengju 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Ediacaran tubular fossils Cloudina, Sinotubulites, and Conotubus are taxonomically revised with type materials. It is proposed that Aulophycus lucianoi Beurlen and Sommer, 1957, is not a senior synonym of Cloudina hartmannae Germs, 1972. Instead, most of its syntypes may be assigned to Sinotubulites or other taxa. Lectotypes of Sinotubulites baimatuoensis Chen et al., 1981, and Conotubus hemiannulatus Zhang and Lin in Lin et al., 1986, are designated from rediscovered syntypes. Sinotubulites baimatuoensis Chen et al., 1981, is reported from the Mooifontein Member of Nama Group at Aar Farm, Namibia. Cloudina waldei Hahn and Pflug, 1985, is assigned to Sinotubulites baimatuoensis, and thus its occurrence range is extended to Brazil. The lectotype of Conotubus hemiannulatus shows corrugations and annulations on the surface distinguishing it from Cloudina and other collared Ediacaran tubular fossils. Based on the taxonomic revision, we propose a Cloudina hartmannae Interval Zone for the terminal Ediacaran with the upper boundary defined by the first appearance datum of Protohertzina anabarica (i.e., the index fossil of the early Cambrian Anabarites trisulcatus-Protohertzina anabarica Assemblage Zone).
Characteristics and outcomes of emergency department patients with a foreign body that entered through the ear, nose or mouth: a 10-year retrospective analysis
Authors: Lee J H , Kim S J 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundForeign bodies in the ear, nose and throat commonly necessitate emergency department visits.MethodThis retrospective study was conducted on emergency department visits from January 2010 to December 2019 to determine characteristics and clinical prognoses of ENT patients. Patients were divided into three groups according to foreign-body entry route; patient characteristics and clinical findings were compared between groups.ResultsOf 676 142 emergency department visits, 10 454 were because of ENT-related foreign bodies. The mean (± standard deviation) age of subjects was 24.0 (± 23.4) years, and 5176 patients were male (49.5 per cent). The most common entry route was the mouth (74.5 per cent). Most patients (97.1 per cent) were discharged after emergency treatment. Intensive care and in-hospital mortality occurred only in the mouth group.ConclusionClinical findings differ depending on foreign-body entry route. After emergency treatment, most patients were discharged; some cases presented serious complications.
Assessment of prestin level changes as an inner-ear biomarker in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Saadat F , Jalali M M , Akbari M 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the correlation of serum prestin level and audiological findings in adults with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.MethodsAudiometry and serum prestin measurements were performed at study entry (T0), at day 14 (end of treatment, T1) and at day 30 (T2).ResultsA total of 25 idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients and 25 healthy adults were included. The geometric mean prestin level in the case and control groups at T0 was 227.7 pg/ml and 130.5 pg/ml, respectively. The geometric mean prestin level in the case group demonstrated a downward trend at T1 and T2 (214.0 pg/ml and 180.1 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.001). Of 17 patients with high baseline prestin levels (over 150 pg/ml), prestin levels tended to decrease in 11 patients, and 5 of them (45.5 per cent) showed good recovery.ConclusionThe prestin concentrations increased in two-thirds of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Future work is recommended to determine the location of injury.
Association between Motor Planning and the Frontoparietal Network in Children: An Exploratory Multimodal Study
Authors: Bhoyroo Ranila , Hands Beth , Caeyenberghs Karen , de Luca Alberto , Leemans Alexander , Wigley Adam , Hyde Christian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective:Evidence from adult literature shows the involvement of cortical grey matter areas of the frontoparietal lobe and the white matter bundle, the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) in motor planning. This is yet to be confirmed in children.Method:A multimodal study was designed to probe the neurostructural basis of childhood motor planning. Behavioural (motor planning), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) data were acquired from 19 boys aged 8–11 years. Motor planning was assessed using the one and two colour sequences of the octagon task. The MRI data were preprocessed and analysed using FreeSurfer 6.0. Cortical thickness and cortical surface area were extracted from the caudal middle frontal gyrus (MFG), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), precentral gyrus (PcG), supramarginal gyrus (SMG), superior parietal lobe (SPL) and the inferior parietal lobe (IPL) using the Desikan–Killiany atlas. The DWI data were preprocessed and analysed using ExploreDTI 4.8.6 and the white matter tract, the SLF was reconstructed.Results:Motor planning of the two colour sequence was associated with cortical thickness of the bilateral MFG and left SFG, PcG, IPL and SPL. The right SLF was related to motor planning for the two colour sequence as well as with the left cortical thickness of the SFG.Conclusion:Altogether, morphology within frontodorsal circuity, and the white matter bundles that support communication between them, may be associated with individual differences in childhood motor planning.
Reclus, a New Database for Investigating the Tectonics of the Earth: An Example From the East African Margin and Hinterland
Authors: Markwick P. J. , Paton D. A. , Mortimer E. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe open availability of global scientific databases is key to advancing research of the Earth system and facilitating cross‐disciplinary studies. There are numerous data sets available for investigating tectonics, but none that provide an internally consistent representation of the structural framework, crustal architecture, and geodynamics. We present Reclus, a suite of global, integrated databases that fill this gap, thereby providing the community with the key components for investigating the Earth system. Reclus includes databases of the following: (a) structural elements, which define the three‐dimensional geometry of the rock volume, including folds and faults; (b) “crustal” facies describing the geometry and composition/rheology of the lithosphere; (c) igneous features; and (d) geodynamics, representing the dominant thermo‐mechanical processes acting on the lithosphere. These databases and workflows are applied to East Africa to investigate the geometry and heterogeneity of the margin and its hinterland. This margin is often summarized in the literature as a “transform margin,” represented by a single structural feature, the “Davie Fracture Zone,” but it is much more complicated. We show how the pre‐existing structure, the superimposition of successive tectonic cycles, and crustal heterogeneity dictate the complexity observed.
Magnetic Flux Circulation in the Saturnian Magnetosphere as Constrained by Cassini Observations in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Lai Hairong , Jia Ying‐Dong , Russell Christopher T. , Jia Xianzhe , Masters Adam , Dougherty Michele K. , Cui Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn steady state, magnetic flux conservation must be maintained in Saturn’s magnetosphere. The Enceladus plumes add mass to magnetic flux tubes in the inner magnetosphere, and centrifugal force pulls the mass‐loaded flux tubes outward. Those flux tubes are carried outward to the magnetotail where they deposit their mass and return to the mass loading region. It may take days for the magnetic flux to be carried outward to the tail, but the return of the nearly empty flux tubes can last only several hours, with speeds of inward motion around 200 km/s. Using time sequences of Cassini particle count rate, the difference in curvature drift and gradient drift is accounted for to determine the return speed, age, and starting dipole L‐shell of return flux tubes. Determination of this flux‐return process improves our understanding of the magnetic flux circulation at Saturn and provides insight into how other giant planets remove the mass added by their moons.
The Transpolar Drift Influence on the Arctic Ocean Silicon Cycle
Authors: Liguori Bianca T. P. , Ehlert Claudia , Nöthig Eva‐Maria , van Ooijen Jan C. , Pahnke Katharina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDuring most of the year, diatom production in the ice‐covered Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) is limited by light availability and nutrient supply. Therefore, biological production is thought to be generally low, with higher biological production at the sea ice edge and over partially ice‐free shelf areas. The major surface ocean current in the CAO is the Transpolar Drift (TPD), which transports sea ice and water from the rivers and shelves of the Laptev and the East Siberian Seas across the CAO toward the Fram Strait, carrying high amounts of terrestrial‐derived material over long distances. We used Si isotopes (δ30Si) to better understand the difference between lower and higher biological production areas and how the TPD potentially affects the Si cycle in the CAO. Our data show low dissolved Si concentrations ([DSi]) paired with high values of δ30Si‐DSi in all surface samples indicating fractionation by diatoms. Specifically, outside the TPD influence, all nutrients were depleted and supply was limited due to stratified conditions, thus preventing further phytoplankton growth in the area during the sampling time in late summer‐early fall. In contrast, under the TPD influence, diatom primary production was limited by low nitrate and strongly limited by light due to the presence of sea ice, even though [DSi] values were much higher than outside the TPD. Based on δ30Si, we could identify low but measurable DSi utilization in the TPD, potentially highlighting the importance of sea ice‐attached diatoms transported to the CAO via the TPD for the Si cycle in this region.
Severely Declining Suspended Sediment Concentration in the Heavily Dammed Changjiang Fluvial System
Authors: Sun Jian , Zhang Fanyi , Zhang Xiaofeng , Lin Binliang , Yang Zuosheng , Yuan Bing , Falconer Roger A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs a key component of global change, dam‐induced sediment reduction occurs in large rivers worldwide, which has profound implications on the fluvial systems. However, the systematic change of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and its dynamic processes are not well known. We summarize typical SSC changes and propose a new sediment modeling framework for heavily dammed fluvial systems with the Changjiang (Yangtze River) as a background. We find that the fluvial SSC has declined by an order of magnitude, i.e., from ∼1.0 to ∼0.1 kg/m3, and even to ∼0.01 kg/m3 locally. The SSC distribution pattern along the mainstream has changed remarkably, with the sediment source/sink being partially reversed. Downstream of the Three Gorges Dam, the SSC recovery capacity gradually decreases with the sediment erosion quantity accumulated over time, and the SSC contribution rate of a linked large lake (Dongting) will change from negative (ca. −39%) to positive (ca. 17%), in the coming decades.
The Four Ways to Consider Measurement Noise in Bayesian Model Selection—And Which One to Choose
Authors: Reuschen Sebastian , Nowak Wolfgang , Guthke Anneli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBayesian model selection (BMS) is a statistically rigorous approach to assess the plausibility of competing models. It naturally accounts for uncertainties in models and data. In this study, we discuss the role of measurement noise in BMS deeper than in past literature. We distinguish between four cases, accounting for noise in models and/or data: (1) no‐no, (2) no‐yes, (3) yes‐no, and (4) yes‐yes. These cases differ mathematically and philosophically. Only two out of these four cases are logically consistent, and they represent two potentially conflicting research questions: “Which model is best in modeling the pure physics?” (Case 1) and “which model is best in predicting the data‐generating process (i.e., physics plus noise)?” (Case 4). If we are interested in the “pure physics question,” we face two practical challenges: First, we would need noise‐free data, which is impossible to obtain; and second, the numerical approximation of Bayesian model evidence can be hard when neglecting noise. We discuss how to address both challenges and reveal that a fallback to the easier “data‐generation question” as a proxy for the “physics question” is not appropriate. We demonstrate on synthetic scenarios and a real‐world hydrogeological case study that the choice of the case has a significant impact on the outcome of posterior model weights, and hence on results of the model ranking, model selection, model averaging, model confusion analysis, and uncertainty quantification. Reality might force us to use a different case than philosophy would suggest, and we provide guidance on how to interpret model probabilities under such conditions.
Default-mode and fronto-parietal network connectivity during rest distinguishes asymptomatic patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder
Authors: Rai Sabina , Griffiths Kristi R. , Breukelaar Isabella A. , Barreiros Ana R. , Chen Wenting , Boyce Philip , Hazell Philip , Foster Sheryl L. , Malhi Gin S. , Harris Anthony W. F. , Korgaonkar Mayuresh S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) is commonly misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder (MDD). This is understandable, as depression often precedes mania and is otherwise indistinguishable in both. It is therefore imperative to identify neural mechanisms that can differentiate the two disorders. Interrogating resting brain neural activity may reveal core distinguishing abnormalities. We adopted an a priori approach, examining three key networks documented in previous mood disorder literature subserving executive function, salience and rumination that may differentiate euthymic BD and MDD patients. Thirty-eight patients with BD, 39 patients with MDD matched for depression severity, and 39 age-gender matched healthy controls, completed resting-state fMRI scans. Seed-based and data-driven Independent Component analyses (ICA) were implemented to examine group differences in resting-state connectivity (pFDR < 0.05). Seed analysis masks were target regions identified from the fronto-parietal (FPN), salience (SN) and default-mode (DMN) networks. Seed-based analyses identified significantly greater connectivity between the subgenual cingulate cortex (DMN) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (FPN) in BD relative to MDD and controls. The ICA analyses also found greater connectivity between the DMN and inferior frontal gyrus, an FPN region in BD relative to MDD. There were also significant group differences across the three networks in both clinical groups relative to controls. Altered DMN–FPN functional connectivity is thought to underlie deficits in the processing, management and regulation of affective stimuli. Our results suggest that connectivity between these networks could potentially distinguish the two disorders and could be a possible trait mechanism in BD persisting even in the absence of symptoms.
Kinectin1 depletion promotes EGFR degradation via the ubiquitin-proteosome system in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ma Ji , Ma Shudong , Zhang Ying , Shen Yi , Huang Lei , Lu Tianhao , Wang Lu , Wen Yunhan , Ding Zhenhua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDepletion of kinectin1 (KTN1) provides a potential strategy for inhibiting tumorigenesis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) via reduction of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein levels. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of KTN1 remain obscure. In this study, we demonstrate that KTN1 knockdown induces EGFR degradation in cSCC cells by promoting the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and that this effect is tumor cell-specific. KTN1 knockdown increases the expression of CCDC40, PSMA1, and ADRM1 to mediate tumor suppressor functions in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, c-Myc directly binds to the promoter region of CCDC40 to trigger the CCDC40-ADRM1-UCH37 axis and promote EGFR deubiquitination. Furthermore, KTN1 depletion accelerates EGFR degradation by strengthening the competitive interaction between PSMA1 and ADRM1 to inhibit KTN1/ADRM1 interaction at residues Met1-Ala252. These results are supported by studies in mouse xenografts and human patient samples. Collectively, our findings provide novel mechanistic insight into KTN1 regulation of EGFR degradation in cSCC.
Quantitative analysis of phosphoproteome in necroptosis reveals a role of TRIM28 phosphorylation in promoting necroptosis-induced cytokine production
Authors: Zu Rui , Yu Zhen , Zhao Jing , Lu Xiaojuan , Liang Wei , Sun Le , Si Chenfang , Zhu Kezhou , Zhang Tian , Li Ganquan , Zhang Mengmeng , Zhang Yaoyang , Liu Nan , Yuan Junying , Shan Bing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNecroptosis is a form of regulated necrotic cell death that promotes inflammation. In cells undergoing necroptosis, activated RIPK1 kinase mediates the formation of RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL complex to promote MLKL oligomerization and execution of necroptosis. RIPK1 kinase activity also promotes cell-autonomous activation of proinflammatory cytokine production in necroptosis. However, the signaling pathways downstream of RIPK1 kinase in necroptosis and how RIPK1 kinase activation controls inflammatory response induced by necroptosis are still largely unknown. Here, we quantitatively measured the temporal dynamics of over 7000 confident phosphorylation-sites during necroptosis using mass spectrometry. Our study defined a RIPK1-dependent phosphorylation pattern in late necroptosis that is associated with a proinflammatory component marked by p-S473 TRIM28. We show that the activation of p38 MAPK mediated by oligomerized MLKL promotes the phosphorylation of S473 TRIM28, which in turn mediates inflammation during late necroptosis. Taken together, our study illustrates a mechanism by which p38 MAPK may be activated by oligomerized MLKL to promote inflammation in necroptosis.
Targeting LSD1 suppresses stem cell-like properties and sensitizes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to PD-1 blockade
Authors: Han Yong , Xu Shengming , Ye Weimin , Wang Yang , Zhang Xiangkai , Deng Jiong , Zhang Zhiyuan , Liu Liu , Liu Shuli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive tumor with poor clinical outcomes due to recurrence, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small population among tumor cells, are proposed to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence. Here we show that high LSD1 expression was a predictor of poor prognosis for HNSCC patients. We found that high expression of LSD1 is essential for the maintenance of the CSC properties by regulating Bmi-1 expression. Moreover, tumor LSD1 ablation suppresses CSC-like characteristics in vitro and inhibits tumorigenicity in vivo in immune-deficient xenografts. However, this deletion induces the upregulation of PDL1 levels, which compromises antitumor immunity and reduces antitumor efficacy in an immune-competent mouse model. Functionally, the combination of LSD1 inhibitor and anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody can overcome tumor immune evasion and greatly inhibit tumor growth, which was associated with reduced Ki-67 level and augmented CD8+ T cell infiltration in immunocompetent tumor-bearing mouse models. In summary, these findings provide a novel and promising combined strategy for the treatment of HNSCC using a combination of LSD1 inhibition and PD-1 blockade.
Naringenin prolongs lifespan and delays aging mediated by IIS and MAPK in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ge Yue , Chen Huibin , Wang Jilite , Liu Guishan , Cui Steve W. , Kang Ji , Jiang Yumei , Wang Hao 
Published: October 2021

Naringenin (NN) posseses the antioxidant and anti-aging activities, and the underlying molecular mechanism in C. elegans was explored in this study.