bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Durability, Functionality and Acceptability of Novel Screened Doors and Windows After Four Years of Use in A Gambian Village: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Shenton Fiona C. , Jawara Musa , Carrasco-Tenezaca Majo , Knudsen Jakob , D'Alessandro Umberto , Lindsay Steve W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization recommends house screening as a tool for malaria control, yet evidence of the long-term durability, functionality and acceptability of this intervention is lacking. Here we examined the sustainability and use of novel types of screened doors and windows four years after installation in a Gambian village. Methods: A survey of 31 houses, each with two screened doors and two screened windows, was conducted in the rainy season. There were four types of screened door and two types of screened window. Trained staff carried out the survey and interviews of room owners were conducted in the local language before translation into English.Results: Structurally, the manufactured doors and windows were highly durable and in excellent condition. Most doors shut smoothly 50/61 (82%), although only 25/61 (41%) shut fully automatically with the latch slotting into the hole on the frame and holding fast. Door locks were less robust, with only (24/61) 39% present and working. Blinds proved especially flimsy, with only 4/109 (4%) of door blinds and 10/56 (18%) of window blinds present and in working order. Householders hung curtains inside most doors 50/61 (82%) and in 26/61 (43%) of the windows. Front doors were commonly found propped open 21/31 (68%) and 23/27 (85%) of those with a front door curtain, put their curtains down at night. Doors and windows were well liked, 19/31 (61%) of respondents were happy with them because they kept mosquitoes out 14/31 (45%) and provided security 12/31 (39%). The main reason given for the use of curtains was to provide privacy 26/28 (93% of those with curtains), especially while the door was open or had ‘see-through’ panels.Conclusions: Overall, the screened doors and windows were in excellent condition after four years of use. Improvements to the lock design are needed before scale-up. Installation of screening in buildings should be accompanied with health messaging recommending that at night, doors and windows be closed and curtains lifted or drawn to one side - to improve ventilation and keep the house cool.
Controlled Kinetics of On-Surface Dehydrogenation using a Low-Energy Electron Beam
Authors: Makoveev Anton , Procházka Pavel , Shahsavar Azin , Kormoš Lukáš , Krajňák Tomáš , Stará Veronika , Čechal Jan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Self-assembly and on-surface synthesis are vital strategies used for fabricating surface-confined 1D or 2D supramolecular nanoarchitectures with atomic precision. In many systems, the resulting structure is determined by kinetics of processes involved, i.e., reaction rate, on-surface diffusion, nucleation, and growth, all of which are typically governed by temperature. However, other external factors have been only scarcely harnessed to control the on-surface chemical reaction kinetics and self-assembly. Here, we show that a low-energy electron beam can be used to steer chemical reaction kinetics and induce the growth of molecular phases unattainable by thermal annealing. The electron beam provides a well-controlled means of promoting the elementary reaction step, i.e., deprotonation of carboxyl groups. The reaction rate linearly increases with increasing electron beam energy beyond the threshold energy of 6 eV. Our results offer the novel prospect of controlling the self-assembly, enhancing the rate of reaction steps selectively, and thus altering the kinetic rate hierarchy.
Status of Trace Minerals And Colostral Immunoglobulin’s In Periparturient Goats And Its Significance On Morbidity And Mortality of Goat Kids In Semi-Arid Zone of Northern Plains of India
Authors: Tripathi Arvind Kumar , Kumar Ashok , Panigrahi Padma Nibash , Srivast Ashish 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the variations of trace minerals status in blood at different stages of periparturient periods and colostrum and milk, colostrum immunoglobulin’s and morbidity and mortality were also evaluated in various recognized breeds of goats maintained at organized farms of CIRG in comparison to the non-descript goats maintained at farmers field flock. The results reveal that blood, colostrum and milk levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co) were found to be significantly lower at different stages of periparturient period in the Non-descript breed of goats of maintained at farmers field flock. The colostrum immunoglobulin’s (IgG, IgM and IgA) were also found to be lowest in the non-descript breed of goats than recognized breeds of goats. The morbidity and mortality were found to be highest in goat kids born of non-descript breed of goats during pre weaning period in comparison to the recognized breeds. It can be concluded that the lower level of trace minerals during periparturient period in non-descript goats of farmers field flocks might results in lower level of colostral immunoglobulin’s hence poor transfer of passive immunity in goat kids. Therefore, high morbidity and mortality of goat kids during pre weaning period than recognized breed of goats of the organized farms.
Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated With Elevated Blood Concentrations of Ethylene Oxide
Authors: Chen Mengli , Kong Xiangying , Lu Xinyi , Liao Shengen , Tang Xiaosu , Zhang Haifeng , Li Xinli 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ethylene oxide has been associated with increased oxidative stress and related disorders in recent studies, while vitamin D is a widely recognized antioxidant. Whether vitamin D deficiency is related to elevated blood concentrations of ethylene oxide is still unknown. We aimed to explore the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and blood concentrations of ethylene oxide in the general population. A total of 4125 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016 were analyzed. Participants were divided into 3 groups: vitamin D sufficiency (≥75.0 nmol/L), insufficiency (50–74.9 nmol/L), and deficiency (<50.0 nmol/L). Adjusted linear and restricted cubic spline regression models were performed to evaluate the associations between vitamin D levels and blood concentrations of ethylene oxide. Compared with participants with vitamin D sufficiency, the adjusted mean ethylene oxide level was approximately 0.08 and 0.23 log2-units higher in the presence of vitamin D insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency (P for trend <0.001). The adjusted percent difference with a 95% confidence interval in ethylene oxide per interquartile range increase in vitamin D was -1.13 (-1.68, -0.57). A restricted cubic spline model demonstrated that vitamin D levels are nonlinearly and inversely associated with blood concentrations of ethylene oxide (P for nonlinearity =0.021). Further research is warranted to understand how vitamin D may have a role in reducing blood concentrations of ethylene oxide.
Green Heterogeneous Base Catalyst from Ripe-Unripe Plantain Peels for the Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Falowo Olayomi Abiodun , Oladipo Babatunde , Taiwo Abiola Ezekiel , Olaiya Tomiwa Ayomiposi , Oyekola Oluwaseun , Betiku Eriola 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Economical feedstocks such as agricultural wastes, food wastes, and waste cooking oil were used for biodiesel production to expand their application. Thus, a solid base catalyst was synthesized from a mixture of ripe and unripe plantain peels at a calcination temperature of 500 oC for 4 h. The catalyst was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The waste cooking oil (WCO) used in this study was first pretreated with 3% (v/v) of H2SO4 via esterification reaction due to its high acid value. The esterified WCO was converted to biodiesel via transesterification reaction, and the process was then modeled and optimized using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design method considering reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst amount, and methanol/WCO molar ratio as the input variables. Based on the results, the synthesized catalyst predominantly contained potassium phases with 45.16 wt.%. The morphology of the catalyst revealed a crystalline mesoporous nanocomposite. At the end of WCO esterification, the acidity of the oil decreased from 5 to 1 mg KOH/g. The optimal conditions established for the transesterification process were catalyst amount of 0.5 wt.%, methanol/WCO molar ratio of 6:1, reaction temperature of 45 oC, and reaction time of 45 min with a corresponding biodiesel yield of 97.96 wt.%. The quality of the biodiesel produced satisfied the specifications (ASTM D6751 and EN 14241) recommended for biodiesel fuels. Hence, a blend of ripe and unripe plantain peels could serve as an efficient heterogeneous base catalyst in producing biodiesel from WCO.
Toxicity Effects of Microplastics and Nanoplastics with Cadmium on the Alga Microcystis Aeruginosa
Authors: Wang Qiongjie , Wang Jinxiaoxue , Chen Huijuan , Zhang Yangyang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to present a thorough analysis of the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) with the heavy metal cadmium (Cd). These components were studied separately and combined to determine how these environmental toxins affect Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) in fresh water. The combined toxicity of MPs or NPs and Cd to M. aeruginosa showed an aggressive and negative effect after 96 h of exposure. Due to the higher adsorption ability of NPs, the accumulation of Cd inside cells with NPs was lower than that found inside the cells with MPs. But the difference in toxicity between the MPs and NPs was not significant. Meanwhile, the more produce of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in the presence of NPs, the more complex effect of EPS bonded to heavy metals, which reduce the toxic effect on the algal cells. Notably, the production of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) under different treatments has demonstrated that the presence of combined MPs/NPs with Cd can potentially raise some of the toxin risks harming the aquatic environment. Our findings highlight the great potential ecological risks of the combined Cd and MPs/NPs in the aquatic system.
MTUS1 is Correlated with Immune Infiltration and Acts as a Promising Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer.
Authors: linyao cheng , Ru Hai-Ming , Zhong Hua-Ge , Huang Mao-sen , Mo Si-Si , Wei Chun-Yin , Su Zi-Jie , Mo Xian-Wei , Yan Lin-Hai H. , Tang Wei-Zhong Z. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background：Colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality remain high, posing a serious threat to human life and health. Early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation are two major challenges addressed in clinical practice. MTUS1, is considered a tumor suppressor, plays important roles in inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and tumor growth. MTUS1 expression is decreased in a wide variety of human cancers, including CRC. However, the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of MTUS1 in CRC remain still ambiguous.Methods: In this study, the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was analyzed using R statistical software (version 3.6.3.) to elucidate the diagnostic and prognostic value of MTUS1. In addition, we detected MTUS1 expression in colorectal tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue using the GEO, TIMER and ONCOMINE and investigated the relationship between MTUS1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. The correlation between MTUS1 expression and immune infiltrating level was identified via TIMER and GEPIA database. Furthermore, we constructed and analyzed PPI network and co-expression modules of MTUS1 to explore molecular functions and mechanisms. Results: The CRC tissues exhibited higher MTUS1 mRNA expression levels than the normal tissues. The logistic regression analysis suggested that MTUS1 mRNA expression was associated with N stage, TNM stage, and neoplasm type. Patients with CRC exhibiting low MTUS1 mRNA expression were correlated with poor overall survival (OS). The multivariate analysis revealed that down-regulate expression of MTUS1 was an independent prognostic factor and was correlated with poor OS in patients with CRC. MTUS1 expression had a good diagnostic value based on ROC analysis. A group of potential MTSU1 interacting proteins and co-expressed genes was identified. GO and KEGG analyses showed that MTUS1 was involved in multiple cancer-related signaling pathways. Most importantly, MTUS1 expression was significantly related to the degree of multiple immune-cell infiltration. Moreover, MTUS1 expression strongly correlated with a variety of immune marker sets.Conclusions: Our results suggested that MTUS1 may serves a promising biomarker for predicting diagnosis and prognosis of CRC patients and is expected to become a new molecular target for tumor immunotherapy.
Metformin Inhibits the Development and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sugiura Kiyoaki , Okabayashi Koji , Seishima Ryo , Ishida Takashi , Shigeta Kohei , Tsuruta Masashi , Hasegawa Hirotoshi , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMetformin is a commonly used drug for the treatment of diabetes. Accumulating evidence suggests that it exerts anti-cancer effects in many cancers, including colorectal cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer metastasis remain unclear.MethodsColorectal cancer cell lines were treated with metformin, and cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were analyzed in vitro. The relationship between metformin and the AMPK–mTOR axis was assessed by western blot analysis and transfection with small interfering RNA. A colorectal cancer xenograft mouse model was used to observe the effects of metformin on liver metastasis. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on liver metastatic tumors.ResultsIn in vitro experiments, metformin significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion only in HCT116 and SW837 cells, but not in HCT8 and Lovo cells. Only in HCT116 and SW837, a change in AMPK–mTOR expression was observed in a dose-dependent manner. In colorectal cancer xenograft mice, the liver metastatic rate (10% vs. 50%, p = 0.05) and the number of liver metastatic nodules (0.1/body vs. 1.2/body, p = 0.04) were significantly lower in the metformin group. Tumor proliferation and EMT were decreased and apoptosis was promoted only in metastatic liver tumors of mice treated with metformin.ConclusionThe molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer effects of metformin involves repression of mTOR pathways via AMPK activation. Moreover, the differences in metformin sensitivity depend on the response of the AMPK–mTOR pathway to metformin. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the anti-metastatic treatment of colorectal cancer using metformin.
Age dependent changes in circulating Tfh cells influence the development of functional antibodies to malaria in children.
Authors: Chan Jo-Anne , Loughland Jessica , Parte Lauren de la , Okano Satomi , Ssewanyana Isaac , Nalubega Mayimuna , Nankya Felistas , Musinguzi Kenneth , Rek John , Arinaitwe Emmanuel , Tipping Peta , Bourke Peter , Andrew Dean , Dooley Nicholas , SheelaNair Arya , Wines Bruce , Hogarth P. Mark , Beeson James , Greenhouse Bryan , Dorsey Grant , Kamya Moses , Hartel Gunter , Minigo Gabriela , Feeney Margaret , Jagannathan Prasanna , Boyle Michelle 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
T-follicular helper (Tfh) cells are key drivers of antibodies that protect from malaria. However, little is known regarding the host and parasite factors that influence Tfh and functional antibody development. Here, we use samples from a large cross-sectional study of children residing in an area of high malaria transmission in Uganda to characterize Tfh cells and functional antibodies to multiple parasites stages. We identify a dramatic re-distribution of the Tfh cell compartment with age that is independent of malaria exposure, with Th2-Tfh cells predominating in early childhood, while Th1-Tfh cell gradually increase to adult levels over the first decade of life. Functional antibody acquisition is age-dependent and hierarchical acquired based on parasite stage, with merozoite responses followed by sporozoite and gametocyte antibodies. Antibodies were boosted in children with current infection, and were higher in females. The children with the very highest antibody levels had increased Tfh cell activation and proliferation, consistent with a key role of Tfh cells in antibody development. Together, these data reveal a complex relationship between the circulating Tfh compartment, antibody development and protection from malaria.
Cross-ancestry meta-analysis of opioid use disorder uncovers novel loci with predominant effects on brain
Authors: Kember Rachel , Vickers-Smith Rachel , Xu Heng , Toikumo Sylvanus , Niarchou Maria , Zhou Hang , Hartwell Emily , Crist Rick , Rentsch Christopher , Davis Lea , Justice Amy , Sanchez-Roige Sandra , Kampman Kyle , Gelernter Joel , Kranzler Henry 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Despite an estimated twin heritability of ~50%, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of opioid use disorder (OUD) have revealed few genome-wide significant (GWS) loci, with replicated findings only in European-ancestry individuals. To identify novel loci, including those in non-European ancestries, and improve our understanding of the biology of OUD, we conducted a cross-ancestry meta-analysis using the Million Veteran Program (MVP). OUD cases in MVP had at least 1 International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 or ICD-10 code for opioid abuse or dependence (N=31,473). Opioid-exposed controls (N=394,471) had one or more outpatient opioid prescription fills. We conducted GWAS for each major ancestral group in MVP: African Americans (AAs; N=88,498), European Americans (EAs; N=302,585), and Hispanic Americans (HAs; N=34,861), followed by a cross-ancestry meta-analysis. Ten loci were GWS in the cross-ancestry meta-analysis, 8 of them novel. In addition to the known coding variant rs1799971 in OPRM1, which was the lead SNP genome-wide (p=6.78x10−10), and a recently reported exonic variant in FURIN, we identified intronic variants in RABEPK, FBXW4, NCAM1, and KCNN1. Ancestry-specific analyses identified an additional novel locus for each of the 3 ancestry groups. A supplementary meta-analysis within EAs that included MVP and other samples identified a locus in TSNARE1, which was also GWS in the cross-ancestry meta-analysis of all datasets. Gene-based association analyses identified 1 gene in AAs (CHRM2) and 3 in EAs (OPRM1, DRD2, and FTO). Significant genetic correlations (rg’s) were identified for 127 traits, including positive correlations with schizophrenia, problematic alcohol use, and major depressive disorder. The most significantly enriched cell type group was the central nervous system with gene-expression enrichment identified in brain regions previously associated with substance use disorders. With a case sample 50% larger than that of the previous largest GWAS, we identified 14 loci for OUD, including 12 novel loci, some of which were ancestry specific. These findings increase our understanding of the biological pathways involved in OUD, which can inform preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic efforts and thereby help to address the opioid epidemic.
Functional Identification of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase Genes in Double Dormant Plant-herbaceous Peony
Authors: Fei Riwen , Duan Siyang , Ge Jiayuan , Sun Tianyi , Sun Xiaomei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Seed dormancy and germination is a complex process, which is affected by external environmental conditions and internal factors independently or mutually. Phytohormones play an important regulatory role in this process. ABA was the main phytohormone affecting herbaceous peony seed dormancy release. However, the mechanism of ABA in the dormancy release of herbaceous peony needs to be further explored. Here, transcriptome data was screened from the perspective of ABA metabolism, and significantly differentially expressed PlNCED1 and PlNCED2 were obtained. We found that their expression trends were positively correlated with ABA content. Among them, PlNCED2 had a stronger regulatory effect on ABA content and was more sensitive to exogenous ABA. Overexpression and silencing of PlNCEDs in callus could affect the expression of PlCYP707As and the content of endogenous ABA. Through the observation of seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana), we found PlNCED1 and PlNCED2 promoted seed dormancy, and the promotion effect of PlNCED2 was more obvious. In general, PlNCED1 and PlNCED2 participated in the dormancy release of herbaceous peony seeds by regulating the accumulation of endogenous ABA. Our work can reveal the molecular mechanism and related theories of ABA involved in herbaceous peony seed dormancy release.
NSP4 as Adjuvant for Immunogenicity and Design of Effective Therapeutic HPV16 E6/E7/L1 DNA Vaccine in Tumoric and Healthy C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Sadr-Momtaz Sahar , Aftabi Maryam , Behboudi Emad , Naderi Malihe , Hashemzadeh-Omran Anahita , Moradi Abdolvahab 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction: In humans, approximately 5% of all cancers are attributable to HPV infection. Prophylactic vaccines can inhibit viral migration and persistence. However, requirement to develop therapeutic treatments prevails. To achieve this goal, we designed a therapeutic HPV DNA vaccine encoding a construct of E6/E7/L1 and used NSP4 antigen as adjuvant to assess efficiency of this construct in generating antigen-specific antitumor immune responses.Material and Methods: Sixty female C57BL/6 mice (6–8 weeks old) were purchased from Institute Pasteur of Iran. 30 of them became cancerous, but 30 of them were healthy control. To amplify E6/E7/L1-pcDNA3, NSP4-pcDNA3, expression vector of DH5α and TC-1 cell line were used to generate a tumor. Mice were immunized with HPV DNA vaccine. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. Finally, we assessed cytokine responses (IL-2, IL-4, INF- γ), in the serum of mice spleen cells.Result: Mice receiving the NSP4/E6-E7-L1 vaccine had the highest stimulatory index compared to other groups but it was not significant. Interleukin 4/12 and INF-γ production were significantly higher in E6-E7-L1 / NSP4 group and E6-E7-L1 group compared to other groups (P <0.05). Among different groups, E6/E7/L1 + NSP4 group was able to slow down the tumor growth process, but it was not significant (p>0.05). Among the cytokines mentioned, IFN-γ and IL-12 are among the cytokines that stimulate the Th1 pathway and IL-4 cytokine stimulates the Th2 pathway and B lymphocytes.Conclusion: Our data suggest that present vaccine can stimulate innate and acquired immunity response, and can be a therapeutic vaccine in the tumoric mice.