bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Awareness of Hepatitis C Virus Among US Adults: An Analysis of the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey
Authors: Islam Jessica Yasmine , Spees Lisa , Camacho-Rivera Marlene , Vidot Denise C. , Yarosh Rina , Wheldon Christopher W. 
Published: May 2021

Background
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force updated hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening 2020 guidelines to target adults aged 18 to 79 years: a major shift from the prior focus on high-risk populations (“baby boomers” aged ≥55 years as of 2019). To inform efforts to maximize HCV screening coverage, our objective was to identify demographic groups reporting a lack of HCV awareness, particularly by race/ethnicity and age, and sources of health information.

Methods
We used nationally representative data of adults (≥18 years) included in the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey (n = 5438). Awareness of HCV was defined using the following question: “Have you ever heard of the hepatitis C virus (also known as Hep C or HCV)?” We estimated frequencies by demographic groups and computed risk differences (RDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to compare lack of HCV awareness by age (<55 and ≥55 years) and race/ethnicity.

Results
Overall, 17% of adults never heard of HCV. Younger adults (<55 years; 21%) were more likely to have never heard of HCV compared with older adults (≥55 years; 12%; χ2
P < 0.001). This observation was consistent across most demographic characteristics including, racial/ethnic categories, and residing in the Southern United States. More than one-third of adults with low English fluency had a lack of HCV awareness in both age groups (χ2
P = 0.537). Non-Hispanic (NH) Asian (RD, 25%; 95% CI, 6.9%–43.3%) and Hispanic (RD, 10%; 95% CI, 0.01%–19.6%) adults younger than 55 years were significantly more likely to have never heard of HCV compared with their NH White counterparts after adjustment for sex, educational level, household income, English fluency, and having a regular provider. Adults younger than 55 years with a lack of HCV awareness commonly obtained their health information from the Internet across most sociodemographic characteristics.

Conclusions
Hispanic and NH Asian young adults should be targeted for public health messaging regarding HCV screening, potentially through social media campaigns.
Availability of Sexually Transmitted Disease and HIV Clinical Services: Ending the HIV Epidemic Versus Non–Ending the HIV Epidemic Jurisdictions, 2018
Authors: Leichliter Jami S. , Cuffe Kendra M. , Kelley Kathleen R. , Gift Thomas L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We assessed sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) service availability at the primary sexually transmitted disease safety net clinic by phase I Ending the HIV Epidemic jurisdiction status. HIV testing was >90%. In Ending the HIV Epidemic jurisdictions, 22% of primary safety net clinics initiated and/or provided preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), 46.6% provided PrEP education or referral only, and 29.9% did not provide any PrEP services.
Community-Based Prevalence Estimates of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in Montréal, Canada
Authors: Harvey-Lavoie Simonne , Apelian Herak , Labbé Annie-Claude , Cox Joseph , Messier-Peet Marc , Moodie Erica E. M. , Fourmigue Alain , Moore David , Lachowsky Nathan J. , Grace Daniel , Hart Trevor A. , Jollimore Jody , Fortin Claude , Lambert Gilles 
Published: May 2021

Background
Reported cases of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections are increasing among Canadian men. Estimates of community-based CT/NG prevalence are lacking among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM).

Methods
Respondent driven sampling was used to recruit GBM in Montréal, Canada between February 2017 and June 2018. Specimens provided from urogenital, rectal, and pharyngeal sites were analyzed using nucleic acid amplification test to detect CT/NG. Prevalence estimates of CT/NG, overall and by anatomical site were calculated. All estimates are respondent-driven sampling–adjusted.

Results
Among 1177 GBM, the prevalence of rectal, urogenital, pharyngeal and overall were respectively 2.4%, 0.4%, 0.4%, and 2.8% for CT infections, and 3.1%, 0.4%, 3.5%, and 5.6% for NG infections. If testing had been limited to the urogenital site, 80% and 94% of CT and NG infections, respectively, would have been missed.

Conclusions
This community-based study among GBM shows that the CT prevalence was about half of that observed for NG. A large part of CT/NG infections involves only the extragenital sites, highlighting the need for systematic multisite screening regardless of symptoms. In the mist of the COVID-19 pandemic and the limited CT/NG screening capacity due to test kits shortage, it might be considered to prioritize rectal and pharyngeal CT/NG testing over urogenital testing in asymptomatic GBM.
Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in Black Americans With HIV-1: A Randomized Phase 3b, Multicenter, Open-Label Study
Authors: Hagins Debbie , Kumar Princy , Saag Michael , Wurapa Anson K. , Brar Indira , Berger Daniel , Osiyemi Olayemi , Hileman Corrilynn O. , Ramgopal Moti N. , McDonald Cheryl , Blair Christiana , Andreatta Kristen , Collins Sean E. , Brainard Diana M. , Martin Hal ,   on behalf of the BRAAVE2020 Investigators
Published: May 2021

Background:
With the highest rates of HIV/AIDS in the United States, Black Americans are still underrepresented in HIV medical research.

Setting:
BRAAVE (NCT03631732) is a randomized, phase 3b, multicenter, open-label US study.

Methods:
Adults identifying as Black or African American and virologically suppressed on 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus third agent were randomized (2:1) to switch to open-label bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) once daily or stay on baseline regimen (SBR) for 24 weeks, after which SBR had delayed switch to B/F/TAF. Resistance to non-NRTIs, protease inhibitors, and/or NRTIs was permitted; integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance was exclusionary. Primary endpoint was proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL at week 24 (snapshot algorithm; noninferiority margin of 6%).

Results:
Of 558 screened, 495 were randomized/treated (B/F/TAF n = 330; SBR n = 165). Overall, 32% were ciswomen, 2% transwomen, and 10% had an M184V/I mutation. At week 24, 0.6% on B/F/TAF vs 1.8% on SBR had HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL (difference −1.2%; 95% confidence interval −4.8% to 0.9%), demonstrating noninferiority of B/F/TAF vs SBR. Proportions with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL at week 24 were 96% B/F/TAF and 95% SBR and remained high at week 48. No participant had treatment-emergent resistance to study drug. Treatments were well tolerated. Study drug-related adverse events, mostly grade 1, occurred in 10% of participants on B/F/TAF through week 48 and led to discontinuation in 9 participants through week 48.

Conclusions:
For Black Americans with HIV, switching to B/F/TAF was noninferior to continuing a variety of regimens, including those with pre-existing NRTI mutations.
Positive Somatostatin Receptor Expression Demonstrated on 68Ga-NODAGA-LM3 PET/CT in a Neuroendocrine Tumor Patient With Negative Immunohistochemical Staining
Authors: Zhu Wenjia , Liu Rongrui , Zhao Lin , Huo Li 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present a case with pulmonary atypical carcinoid and multiple hepatic metastases. Immunohistochemical staining of liver biopsy sample was negative for somatostatin receptor subtype 2, but 68Ga-NODAGA-LM3 PET/CT scan revealed multiple positive lesions. The mismatch was actually caused by heterogeneous expression of somatostatin receptor in liver lesions.
Prognostic Value of 18F-FDG PET in Neuroendocrine Neoplasm
Authors: Han Sangwon , Lee Hyo Sang , Woo Sungmin , Kim Tae-Hyung , Yoo Changhoon , Ryoo Baek-Yeol , Ryu Jin-Sook 
Published: May 2021

Objectives
Accurate assessment of the prognosis is critical for the rational treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET for NENs.

Patients and Methods
PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to September 2020 for studies that evaluated 18F-FDG PET as prognostic factors in patients with NENs with overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) as outcomes. Hazards ratios (HRs) comparing high and low FDG uptakes were pooled using the DerSimonian-Laird method. Publication bias was assessed and adjusted for using the trim-and-fill method. Metaregression and subgroup analyses were performed to explore the cause of heterogeneity.

Results
Twenty-three studies (1799 patients) were included. The overall pooled HRs of high FDG uptake on EFS and OS were 2.84 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.21–3.64) and 3.50 (95% CI, 2.42–4.12), respectively. Publication biases were present regarding both EFS and OS (P = 0.0342 and 0.0009, respectively). After adjustment, effect sizes remained significant for EFS and OS (adjusted HR, 2.26 [95% CI, 1.76–2.89]; 3.16 [95% CI, 2.42–4.12]). In metaregression analyses, the proportion of grade 3 tumors positively correlated with the HR of OS (adjusted P = 0.0422).

Conclusions

18F-FDG PET is a significant prognostic factor in patients with NENs. 18F-FDG PET might be a useful prognostic biomarker in conjunction with the histologic grade and can help select the optimal treatment.
Incidental Finding of Hibernoma in Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT
Authors: Moreau Aurélie , Cruel Thierry , Giraudet Anne Laure , Derolland Philippe , Kryza David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We reported the case of a 76-year-old man followed up since 2008 for a prostatic adenocarcinoma with pelvic and retroperitoneal nodes. He was initially treated by hormonotherapy with a good biological response. Twelve years after, he demonstrated an increased PSA level up to 10.2 ng/mL. He underwent a 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, which shown an intense uptake by a left iliac extern mass, suspected of recurrence. The histology concluded in a hibernoma.
Constellation of Von Hippel–Lindau Disease–Related Findings on a 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Marcus Charles , John Priya Dayamani , Giles Monica , Sethi Ila 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) is a rare predominantly hereditary syndrome characterized by multiple benign and malignant tumors that can affect different organ systems. We present representative images of a 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in a patient with confirmed VHL gene mutation, which demonstrates a constellation of findings commonly seen in these patients in one single imaging modality.
COVID-19 Lung Findings Detected by 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for Staging Purposes in Patients With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Karasah Erkek Burcin , Ömür Özgür , Özkök Serdar , Turna Burak 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report 3 patients with COVID-19 findings in 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT taken for staging. The first patient, A 64-year-old man with prostate cancer, who had COVID-19 in November 2020 and whose treatment was completed, was observed to continue with COVID-19 findings in 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in December 2020 before surgery. Other patients were asymptomatic for the disease. It was determined that a PSMA uptake in the lungs corresponding to the CT findings of COVID-19 had increased in 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT.
COVID Lessons Continue
Authors: Shah Hina J. , Halpern Jason I. , Watane Gaurav V. , Hyun Hyewon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
COVID vaccination has begun in most of the countries. Older population and high-risk groups are prioritized for vaccination. Postvaccination imaging in cancer patients may show effects of the immune response to the vaccine. As such, it is important to know the timing and laterality of the vaccination as the reactive lymph nodes in the ipsilateral axilla can be seen on the imaging. We present a case of DOTATATE-avid nonpathologically enlarged lymph nodes in ipsilateral axilla and linear tracer uptake in the deltoid muscle on a patient imaged for a recent diagnosis of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasm.
The Effect of Topical Tacrolimus on Pedicled Flap Survival
Authors: Wald Gal , Van Y-Vu , Towne William , Otterburn David M. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Our previous rodent study demonstrated significantly decreased full-thickness necrosis in pedicled dorsal skin flaps with topical tacrolimus as compared with petroleum jelly. The pathophysiology of tissue necrosis involves lymphatic congestion, followed by venous congestion and ultimately arterial insufficiency. Topical tacrolimus has been shown to increase growth of lymphatic collateral vessels and decrease lymphedema, potentially obviating one contributor to necrosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the vascular and histological differences between these 2 groups to identify the etiology of our research findings.

Methods
A 3 × 10-cm cranially based dorsal skin flap was raised and reinset on 22 Sprague Dawley rats. They were randomized to receive 0.2 g of either topical petroleum jelly or topical 0.1% tacrolimus ointment daily to the flaps. The rats were killed 7 days postoperatively. Two blinded reviewers marked the total flap area as well as areas of viable tissue, reversible ischemia, and necrotic tissue. Full-thickness biopsies of each area were taken from 2 randomly chosen animals in each group. Paraffin-embedded tissue was sectioned to generate hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides. Representative images of each area of the flap were taken less than 40× magnification using light microscopy. Arteries, veins, and lymphatics in the dermal layer were quantified under blinded conditions by a trained pathologist and calculated per cross-sectional area using Fiji software.

Results
The average area of the dorsal flaps in the control and tacrolimus groups was 22.5 and 23.9 cm2, respectively. Total necrotic area was significantly lower in rats receiving topical tacrolimus as compared with controls (P = 0.015). In the control cohort, average total number of vessels was 12.5, 6, and 0, in the areas of viable tissue, reversible ischemia, and necrosis, respectively. In the tacrolimus cohort, average total number of vessels increased was 20, 11.5, and 5.4, in the areas of viable tissue, reversible ischemia, and necrosis, respectively.

Conclusions
On a histological level, topical tacrolimus is correlated with increased vascular growth in areas most susceptible for ischemic damage as compared with topical control. Future work is needed to investigate vascular biomarkers and increase the power of our study.
Does E-learning Improve Plastic Surgery Education?
Authors: Lin Ines C. , Lee Alfred , Mauch Jaclyn T. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
E-learning is rapidly growing in medical education, overcoming physical, geographic, and time-related barriers to students. This article critically evaluates the existing research on e-learning in plastic surgery.

Methods
A systematic review of e-learning in plastic surgery was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases. Studies were limited to those written in English and published after 1995 and excluded short communications, letters to the editor, and articles focused on in-person simulation.

Results
A total of 23 articles were identified. Represented subspecialties include breast, burns, craniofacial/pediatrics, hand, and microsurgery. Most e-learning resources target surgeons and trainees, but a small number are for patients, parents, and referring physicians. Users reported high levels of satisfaction with e-learning and significant gains in knowledge after completion, although there may be more variable satisfaction with teaching technical skills. Two studies showed no differences in knowledge gains from e-learning compared with traditional learning methods. Subgroup analysis showed greater benefit of e-learning for novice learners when evaluated. Surveys of plastic surgeons and trainees showed high interest in and growing utilization of e-learning.

Conclusions
Research in plastic surgery e-learning shows high user satisfaction and overall improvements in learning outcomes with knowledge gains equivalent to traditional teaching methods and greater benefit in novice learners. Thus, e-learning can serve an important role in plastic surgery education, especially in the current state of social distancing. Future work should aim to define learner preferences and educational needs and better establish how e-learning can augment plastic surgical education, particularly among other teaching methods.
Effects of Tissue-engineered Bone by Coculture of Adipose-derived Stem Cells and Vascular Endothelial Cells on Host Immune Status
Authors: Wang Fuke , Yang Guiran , Xiao Yu , He Chuan , Cai Guofeng , Song En , Li Yanlin 
Published: May 2021

Aim
The study aimed to explore the effects of tissue-engineered bone constructed with partially deproteinized biologic bone (PDPBB) and coculture of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and vascular endothelial cells (VECs) on host immune status, providing a very useful clue for the future development of bone engineering.

Methods
Tissue-engineered bones constructed by PDPBB and ADSCs, VECs or coculture of them were implanted into the muscle bag of bilateral femurs of Sprague-Dawley rats. Partially deproteinized biologic bone alone and blank control were also implanted. After transplantation, the proliferation of implanted seed cells in tissue-engineered bones was labeled by bromodeoxyuridine staining. Moreover, the changes of T-lymphocyte subpopulations, including CD3 + CD4+ and CD3 + CD8+ in peripheral blood were then detected using flow cytometry to analyze the immune rejection of tissue-engineered bone implantation based on peripheral blood CD4/CD8 ratios.

Results
After transplantation, the proliferation of implanted seed cells was observed in tissue-engineered bones of different groups. At different time points after transplantation, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood of PDPBB + ADSCs, PDPBB + coculture, and blank control groups did not exhibit significant change. Although the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood of PDPBB + VECs group was significantly higher than other group at 1 week after transplantation, that of PDPBB + VECs and PDPBB + coculture group was significantly decreased at 8 week after transplantation compared with that of blank control group.

Conclusions
Our results indicated that there was no significant immune rejection after transplantation of tissue-engineered bone constructed with PDPBB and coculture of ADSCs and VECs as seed cells.
Split Pectoralis Muscle Patch
Authors: Epps Mathew T. , Codner Mark A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction after mastectomy is a safe and reliable surgical option to restore aesthetic contour. Perioperative radiation therapy lends a morbidity to the integrity of the thin-walled mastectomy construct. Wound complications may result in implant exposure, which is potentially devastating to the reconstructed breast. Salvage often leads to implant explantation with the subsequent need for autogenous tissue grafts. Such rotational and free flap procedures result in prolonged operative times and inpatient length of stay, as well as donor site morbidity. Here we present a technique that utilizes a pedicled split pectoralis muscle flap as an internally rotated breast envelope patch to buttress a mastectomy flap repair during salvage of the prepectoral breast envelope when full-thickness tissue defect is present.
The Content of US Plastic Surgery Private Practices' Websites
Authors: Ananthasekar Shivani , Patel Jason J. , Patel Neha J. , Awad Shadi K. , Boyd Carter J. , King Timothy W. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
Connecting patients with healthcare providers continues to grow as the digital era evolves. A successful website has the power to influence patients on choosing a practice and provider. The objectives of this study were to characterize information provided on private practice websites of plastics surgeons in the United States and to assess the relationship among the websites based on the number of years that the physicians have been in practice.

Methods
Newly board-certified plastic surgeons by the American Board of Plastic Surgery in 2005, 2010, and 2015 were identified. A Google search was conducted on all participants, and only those in private practice were included in this study. Each webpage was quantitatively and qualitatively assessed for the presence or absence of 23 criteria that were categorized as practice, physician, patient, or procedure information. χ2 was used for statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel (PSPP 1.2.0). A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Most plastic surgeons in each cohort were currently in private practice. A total of 532 plastic surgery private practice websites were analyzed. The data points found on 100% of the websites were directions to the facility and the contact for any billing questions. Most websites provided information on the practice and its surgeons. The most common web-based data points included online consultations and links to their social media. Information on expenses incurred by patients, such as cancellation policies and consultation fees, was least commonly listed.

Conclusions
Our study shows that the number of years in practice is not associated with comprehensiveness of their website's content. This study provides insight into the content of plastic surgery private practices' websites in the United States in relation to the practice, the physician, the patient, and the procedures. This information may be useful for expanding and optimizing their websites. This has the potential to increase patient satisfaction and visibility of the practice. The success of these businesses is vital as the private sector in plastic surgery continues to grow.