bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of fungal contamination in some types of chips in the market in Karbala
Authors: Al-Zamily Ihsan Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Different types of chips samples sell were collected from some markets in Karbala city, which its made in Jordan (Chipsico and Alsaada), Saudia (Liz, Gillts, Doritos), Iran (Bovac, G Toz and Macho) and Iraq (Hala, Dalia, Al-Aseel). The Iranian Chips were the most contaminated, where Iraqi and Jordanian Chips comes in the second. The results of isolating fungi study in chips types, showed diversity in numbers and kinds of fungi. The genus Aspergillus is a fungus predominate on all isolates and followed by Penicillium. Also different genera including Fusarium, Alternaria, Curvularia and Rhizopus have been isolated. It is mentioned that these fungi are dangerous because they produce myctoxins, especially aflatoxin and ochratoxin. It was noted that, the Saudi products are free from contamination. Ammonia test and Fluorescence was used to identify the aflatoxin-producing isolates and it appeared that isolates of Aspergillus had great potential to produce these toxins.
Occurrence and composition of copepods abundance in Tigris river, southern Baghdad, and effects of Rasheed power plant effluents on its biodiversity
Authors: Nashaat Muhanned R. , Muftin Fatema S. , Abbas Enaam K. , Eman H Ali 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe quantitative and qualitative structure of the Tigris River copepods communities, were identified to investigate the biological composition, especially near the outcome of Rasheed power plant (RPP). on its biodiversity at four sites those were chosen on the Tigris River in south part of Baghdad Governorate during the period January to December 2012. The sites S2 was located near Rasheed Power Plant to represent the ecological features of the plant site, whereas other sites, S1 was located at the upstream of the RPP as a control site to investigate the ecological characters of the Tigris River. Moreover, the two other sites S3 and S4 were located down to the impact of RPP to reflect the possible effects of the plant on the copepoda fauna biodiversity by comparison with the control site. Thirty-nine taxonomic units of copepoda fauna were identified in the present study, Including 17 taxonomic units of Cyclpoida, 13 taxonomic units of Calanoida, six taxonomic units of Harpacyicoida and three taxonomic units of Parasitic Copepoda. This study found that the highest copepod density was recorded during the winter period on site below RPP. While at sites near RPP during the summer period, Copepoda showed the lowest density. The results also showed that the sites below RPP included the most constant species, while the lowest were included at site near RPP. The results of the biodiversity indexes generally showed the negative actual impact of RPP on the copepoda commu nity..
Prospective gene therapy design against coronavirus COVID-19 by recruiting CRISPR Cas9 approach
Authors: Albanna Ayman , Alomari Arqam 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has being originated from animals and causing to running outbreak of viral pneumonia in human all over the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has considered COVID-19 infection as Epidemic disease in March 2020. The high percentages of death rate among people lead the researchers and scientists in different fields of medicine in order to find solution for this threating problem. In this regard, an editing gene technique was employed in this study, in order to deter the viability of coronavirus genetically. The main objective in this paper first has been determined and obtained the essential proteins of COVID-19 coronavirus proliferation by using NCBI website which included S, E, N, M, ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF7b, ORF8, ORF10 proteins. The second objective is to use a very precise technique of editing gene called CRISPR-Cas9 to make changes to the virus’s RNA, through designing single-guide RNA for the essential each protein of COVID-19, in order to inactivate an effective certain protein. These techniques will be provided for each patient and healthy person by injection of all genes components using the Gene-gun machine or spray aerosol to make ensure reach it to the target cell.
Effect of amino acid proline on some growth characteristics of cowpea which exposed to drought stress
Authors: Al-Shammari Maher Zaki Faisal , Al-Jboory Wael Shakir Hameed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted in Al-Youssoufia region which located in North West of Baghdad city during the growing season of 2018-2019. The experiment was aimed to demonstrate the optimum concentration of amino acid proline that reduce the effect of drought stress. By using three time for irrigation (4, 8, 12) day and four concentrations of proline (0, 20, 40, 60) mg. L-1 and their interaction on some growth characteristics: Root length, dry weight, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content, carbohydrate percentage and peroxidase activity in vegetative part. Data were statistically analysed to find out the least significant difference (LSD) between treatments at 0.05 level. The results indicated the increase of proline concentration from (0 to 60) mg.L-1 caused significant decrease in the average of growth characteristics and peroxidase activity unite.mg.proline-1 with increase in the average of irrigation periods under drought stress.
Studying the levels of some Biochemical variables in blood serum for smoking of Tikrit University students
Authors: Muhsin Saria Naji , majeed Alnassiri Shurooq hameed , Muhsin Sina Naji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study included (75) samples of the males students at the Tikrit University, The samples were divided into three groups; the first group: (25) blood samples pulled from healthy no smoking students (males) as Control sample. The second group: (25 males) samples of diabetic mellitus (smoker students). Third group: (25 males) samples of hypertension (smoking students). The results of the study indicated a significant increase in the concentration of the levels Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at level (P <0.005) in the samples of smoker students when compared to the healthy group. And showed decrease in the concentration level of HDL, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) at level (P <0.005) when compared to the healthy group (non-smokers ).
First record of Myxobolus insignis Eiras, Malta, Varella, Pavanelli, 2005 (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) in Iraq from gills of the common carp Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Abdul-Ameer Kefah Naser , Shalal Rana Saheb 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus insignis Eiras, Malta, Varella, Pavanelli, 2005 is recorded in the present study from gills of the common carp Cyprinus carpio for the first time in Iraq. The fishes were caught from the Al-Ataifiya location on the Tigris River at Baghdad city during the period from January to October 2020. The measurements and description of this external parasite in addition to its illustrations were given.
Detection of antibiofilm formation by sliver nanoparticles created by tetracycline antibiotic
Authors: Hameed Alaa Z. , Hussein Nehia N. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Silver conjugated Tetracycline, was created and characterized by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction Patterns (XRD). Using antibacterial assays, the effects of tetracycline alone and drugs-conjugated with silver nanoparticles were tested against Gram-ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates by well diffusion assay. The UV-vis spectra of silver-drug Nano conjugates showed a characteristic surface Plasmon resonance band in the range of 400–450 nm. FTIR analysis demonstrated the involvement of Hydroxyl groups in both drugs in the stabilization of silver nanoparticles. (XRD) showed that they cubic structure of silver and, antibacterial assays showed that biosynthesis silver nanoparticle conjugation enhanced antibacterial potential of Tetracycline compared with drug alone.
Effect of ginger alcoholic extract on the ovary tissue in quail
Authors: Hamad Mohammed Hayder , Al-Bakri Nahla , Labi Abdul-Razak 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis research was carried out in quail in the laboratory of histopathology diseases during four months. The objectives of this study was to detecting the effects of the addition of the alcohol extract of ginger to ovary tissue of quail. The two groups of birds were in almost similar weights and were placed in cages. Each group consisted of 8 quails. The first group (control group) fed on regular feeding without adding alcoholic extract of ginger. The second group (treated group) fed on the same normal food after adding the alcohol extract of ginger at a concentration of 300 mg / kg. The results indicated that ginger have positive effects on folliculogenesis.
Physiological and histological protective role of Astragalus spinosus root alcoholic extract against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in rabbits
Authors: Zeidan Moafaq Mutlak , Noori Raddam Qussay 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study amid to evaluate the role of plant’s root (Astragalus spinosus), in biochemical parameters and histological sections effect in reduce the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in rabbits Oryctalagus cuniculus, 7-9 months age and (1300-1500 g) of weight. Animals were distributed to three groups, every group were included five rabbits; group (1) control received water and diet. Group (2): animals treated with H2O2 (0.05) and drinking water. Group (3): animals treated with H2O2 and alcoholic extract of the plant root (5mg/kg body weight) for period one month. Study showed high significant increasing in Creatinine and ALP, LDH concentrations of animals treated with H2O2 alone (1.74±0.40) (9.900±1.058), (260.40±26.66) respectively, in compared with control (0.838±0.08) (8.420±1.132), (154.0±49.79) respectively while the concentration of Creatinine, ALP and LDH had been decreased with high significant (P≤ 0.05) in group treated with H2O2 and extract of the plant roots (0.79±0.09), (9.220±0.801) and (166.2±36.08) respectively in compared with H2O2 group. And the result of histological sections of liver, kidneys and heart, which showed an improvement of cells in group treated with the extract of the plant which had been induced by oxidative stress.
Response of model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria & phosphate concentration
Authors: Mashkoor Sulaiman Abdulhusein , Kisko Mushtak F. Karomi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Several reports have shown that various rhizobia can interact with non-hosted plant species, enhancing mineral nutrition and promoting plant growth. To further investigate the effects of such non-host interactions on plant growth and phosphate nutrition, we inoculated Arabidopsis thaliana with the model rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens at three phosphate concentrations in the nutrient medium. In vitro, we showed that root colonization by Pseudomonas fluorescens contributes to an increase in the amount of available phosphate that is important in plant growth, especially in the shoots, in all concentrations used in the study. In addition to improving plant growth as well as increasing plant biomass production.
Study of chemical content in Pimpinella armena and Pimpinella kotschyana: tribe Pimpinelleae/Apiaceae
Authors: Muhammad Zahra B. , Al-Khesraji Talib O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The flavonoid and alkaloid content in the alcoholic extract of the shoots and flowers were identified in two species of the tribe Pimpinelleae / Apiaceae: Pimpinella armena and Pimpinella kotschyana, and the flavonoids that were detected in this study are: (Apigenin, Coumarin, Kaempferol and Quercetin). The total alkaloids are estimated for these two species. It has been noticed that the species Pimpinella armena is a new record on the Iraqi flora, as it was identified through the genetic analysis of nucleotide sequences and registered in the National Center of Biotechnology (NCBI).
Effect of application of Chitosan in skin grafting surgeries in rabbits
Authors: Mohsen Al-Tomah Hayder Mohammed , Hameed Falah Mahmood , AL-Nuaimi Ali J. , Sadeq Ail Wasfi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A study was done at the theatre of department of veterinary Surgery & obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq which performed to compare the effect of application of chitosan action as scaffold with collagen fibers. The histopathological findings in operation’s sites showed the developments of skin graft’s healing which was the guide to monitoring the healing. The results showed that the chitosan-treated grafts was healed more controllable with less scar tissue than non-treated grafts which indicates that the chitosan was coordinated the healing.
Metal complexes of 1,6-bis(1-benzimidazolyl) hexane: synthesis, characterization and biological activity against some soil-borne fungi
Authors: Salman Abbas Washeel , Alkooranee Jawadayn Talib , Arkawazi Hayder Dawood , Kadhim Alsharifi Haitham , Hardie Michaele 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Metal complexes Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ag(I) of the ligand 1,6-bis(1-benzimidazolyl)hexane were synthesized by the reaction of the ligand and appropriate metal salts in l: 1 mole ratio. The ligand and its complexes were characterized using IR, Uv-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR, Mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis CHN. Depending on the abovementioned techniques, a polymeric structure was proposed to the prepared complexes. Further, all the synthesized compounds were tested against some of the soil-borne fungi namely; Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. The results showed that the tested compounds have an effect on the growth of pathogenic fungi. This leads to thinking that these compounds could be used one day as new chemical pesticides as an alternative to chemical compounds that have been shown to be resistant to pathogens.
Diagnostic study to detect toxoplasmosis in some Iraqi sheep
Authors: Al-abodi Hiba Riyadh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Parasites are cause a lot of important and serious diseases which widespread to peoples and animals all over the world, vector for disease to humans by consumption of meat sheep fresh as liver or not cooked well meat, so in this way the toxoplasmosis in sheep considered one of the causes economic and social damage and important sources of transfer this infection human, for this fact we must value economic and social damage by investigate the incidence of this disease in sheep, and using accurate methods for detection of this infection in blood fluids or tissue of sheep, so in this study we using immunological and molecular methods to detection of the parasite in sheep blood specimens in Al-Shamiya city/Al-Qadisiyah government/Iraq, the results explained presence that antibodies in 14 samples (14%) below level significant (P≤ 0.05) by using Rapid Test Cassette, while the results depending on (RT PCR) for detection of specific gene of parasite B1 gene in blood specimens showed to (9 of 100)(9%) positive infection results in examined sheep. from these results, we can give simple picture ensured rule the infected sheep in transmission the disease to human although a low percentage of positive infection, presence the disease in sheep indicator to role sheep to transfer the disease to the human an achieved the economic and social damage.
Molecular study to detect blaTEM
and blaCTx-M
genes in ESpL Escherichia coli and their antimicrobial resistance profile
Authors: Jaleal Raoof May Abdul , Fayidh Mohammed A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The common use of beta-lactam antibiotics resulted in the emergence of bacterial strains capable of spreading and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESβL). Up to 70 of clinical samples, 30 of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were investigated as ESβL isolates. These isolates collected from inpatients and outpatients to some hospitals in Baghdad. The samples include urine, pus, stool, and blood from both genders, different age groups. The VITEK2 was used to check production of ESβL and for the automated diagnosis of rapid antimicrobial susceptibility experimentation and to the identification of the target bacteria. Technique of PCR was applied to detect the presence of blaTEM
and blaCTx-M genes. The results demonstrated that 30(43%) isolates of the current study were ESβL producers. The gel electrophoresis of DNA for positive ESβL isolates gives differentiate results of both blaTEM
and blaCTX-M genes were observed in 15(50%) and 29(96%) isolates respectively. The antibiotic resistance pattern to 20 antibiotics were showed majority of isolates have the multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes and susceptible to carbapenems of antibiotic. Furthermore, the results of the genetic analysis, along with the pattern of isolates for antibiotic resistance, it may give an acceptable explanation for the higher presence of the blaCTX-M
gene compared with the proportion of the blaTEM
gene in the same isolates.
Antibacterial, antivirulence and antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using alkhal mother shae
Authors: Al-Kalifawi Esam J. , Al-Azzawi Yasamine. J. , Feaza Mohammed A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized using alkhal mother shae. Nanoparticles were characterized using four methods. The results of the fourth methods proved that silver nanoparticles are spherical shape with a size ranging between 30-40 nm. AMS-AgNPs has antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against gram negative and gram positive tested bacteria, and it has antifungal and antivirulence activity against five types of fungi. Results declare the effect of AMS-AgNPs on the fungus, it can disrupt the integrity fungal cell wall, promoting the permeability and the leakage of the cell constituents, and eventually induce cell death, which is reached from the Congo red dye absorption test and the formation of swelling in the hyphae of the fungal. This study revealed that AMS-AgNPs can be used as an alternative medicin for pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Adsorption Studies of Cobalt (II) Complex By Bentonite clay surface
Authors: Abd-Ulrazzaq Sahira S. , Dawood Farah A. , T. Numan Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper is summarized with one of the applications of adsorption behavior; A UV-Vis method has been applied to survey the isotherm of adsorption. Results for experimental showed the applicability of Langmuir equation. The effect of temperature on the adsorption of cobalt (II) Complex by bentonite surface was studied. The results shown that the amount of adsorption was formed to increase, such as the temperature increase (Endothermic process). Cobalt (II) Complex has adsorption studies by bentonite surface at different pH values (1.6-10); these studies displayed an increase in adsorption with increasing pH.ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS thermodynamic functions of the cobalt (II) Complex for their adsorption have been calculated.
Influence of ultrasonic pre-treatment on Pyrolysis and Combustion of Sewage Sludge by TG
Authors: Taha Ruaa O. , Mohammed Farah Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The combustion and pyrolysis processes of sewage sludge were studied in the current report. Two kinds of sewage sludge(SS) were used, SS the sewage sludge was not treated, while SS-U90KHz the ultrasonic bath pre-treated sewage sludge with a frequency of 90KHz was not treated. Wastewater treatment plants are the origins of waste sludge. Analyses were performed roughly and finally. Thermogravimetric research analyzed the thermal behaviour of the analysed sewage bucket (TGA). The samples were heated at a constant rate of 25 to 800 Celsius by air (combustion) and nitrogen flow (pyrolysis). For sludges which have been investigated. In the TG/DTG curves, comparable thermal profiles were available. All of the TG/curves DTG’s were divided into three periods. At the same time, during the combustion stage, the sewage sludge decomposition occurred in the 180-580 0C range. The pyrolysis procedure took place at a lower rate, but less weight loss..
Removal Congo Red Dye on Surface of Nano Charcoal Activated by Used Central Composite Chemometric Method
Authors: Sayhood Aayad Ammar , Abdulrudhaand Noor Hassan , Halboos Mohanad Hazim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper; the modern method was used to remove the congo red dye (CR) from its aqueous solutions by chemometric separation. The nano charcoal activated (NCA) was used to remove the CR and the factors affecting the adsorption process were studied simultaneously to reduce the number of experiments followed and to rely on central composite design and the method of response surface by used statistica 12 program. This gives the relationship between all the variables simultaneously. It was found that the removal efficiency reached to 98.371%.
Loading and Activating a Carbon Surface and Applied for Congo Red Adsorption, Kinetic Study
Authors: Faraj Russol Abdul Salam , Abbas Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
this paper contains preparation of Active carbon surface (AC) from pro so millet grain husks and Loading and activating by Iron oxide and hydrogen peroxide sequentially to obtain surface (ACIPE). The changes of previous processes on Active carbon surface were diagnosed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ). These surfaces (AC and ACIPE ) were using as adsorbent for removing of congo red dye from aqueous solutions under certain conditions through batch system. More than one kinetic model was applied to congo red dye adsorption process and it was found that the most kinetic model applied to it is a model ( pseudo second order model). In addition to the adsorption efficiency of the surface after activation and loading, it was much better than the main surface where the adsorption efficiency of the first and second surface was equal ( 27%, 85% ) sequentially at higher temperatures.
Human Activity Diagnosis System Based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Jabar Mohammed Khammas , Al-Qurabat Ali Kadhum M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Cognitive Internet of Things (CIoT) is the next step in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology used for Cognitive Computing, which plays a main role in health and disease diagnosis. The study was suggested a diagnosis method to sound sensitivity by developing a framework with IoT and cloud based on a facial expression recognition system. It was achieved through the creation of a cognitive IoT hardware-based environment and the elements of the programs that are implemented to test the behaviour of people suffering from sound sensitivity, this operation is done by using a camera and image processing and it used Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as a facial recognition software to track human facial emotions through live video. The sentiment values were analysed that they were collected and stored in a cloud using Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) protocol. These emotions were categorized as abnormal or normal. Normal states represented by happy or natural feelings that give the impression that the environment is suitable for people’s senses and that they do not suffer from discomfort towards this environment, therefore; the system operates on a mechanism to increase the volume in this environment by using an Arduino microcontroller. Although the device operates automatically in the event of hypersensitivity detection, it reduces this severity. The obtained results showed the efficiency of the proposed system in recognizing facial emotions with 80% accuracy.