bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidens pilosa: Nutritional value and benefits for metabolic syndrome
Authors: Kuo Tien‐Fen , Yang Greta , Chen Tzung‐Yan , Wu Yueh‐Chen , Tran Nguyen Minh Hieu , Chen Lin‐Shyan , Chen Wen‐Chu , Huang Ming‐Guang , Liang Yu‐Chuan , Yang Wen‐Chin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe genusBidens(Asteraceae) encompasses over 240 different species. One of them isBidens pilosaL. that is an easy‐to‐grow perennial, and broadly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This plant has been regarded as an edible plant by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations since 1975, and has been traditionally used as a food and medicine in America, Africa, and Asia.B. pilosahas been claimed to possess active compounds with more than 40 distinct bioactivities. Although considerable progress has been made in studying the phytochemistry and biology ofB. pilosaand its compounds over recent years, a critical review of its dietary functions for metabolic syndrome is unavailable. The present review summarizes the nutrition, benefits, phytochemistry, and safety ofB. pilosawith respect to metabolic syndrome. As well as highlighting studies of the use ofB. pilosafor metabolic syndrome, scientific evidence regarding the antimetabolic action, mechanism, and application of this species and its active phytochemicals are discussed. This review consolidates information for further study into the medicinal benefits of the compounds in this plant.
Encouraging Independent Readers: Combining Reading Workshop and Textbook‐Based Lessons in a Japanese High School Classroom
Authors: Katsuta Hikaru , Sawada Eisuke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn Japan, the workshop‐style approach for teaching reading has drawn recent attention. However, the obligation to use Ministry of Education–approved textbooks makes applying this method in classes difficult. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possibilities of incorporating workshop‐style lessons into a Japanese language arts class and its benefits for high school students. Based on findings from questionnaires and interviews undertaken with students and reflective dialogues with the teacher, the benefits of incorporating reading workshop–style lessons were examined and compared with the traditional textbook‐style lesson. The main finding is that reading self‐selected books accompanied by teacher/student conferences nurtures good reading habits. Although this study indicates the importance of workshop‐style lessons, it also highlights the benefits and importance of traditional textbook‐style lessons. Finally, how to integrate them into the curriculum is discussed.
Cholangio‐venous reflux of biliary contents through paracellular pathways between hepatocytes in patients with acute cholangitis
Authors: Takada Tadahiro , Takikawa Hajime , Sawada Norimasa , Higuchi Ryota , Nagamachi Yukiko , Isaji Shuji , Yoshida Masahiro , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe re‐analyzed data on cholangio‐venous reflux from a clinical study conducted prospectively on 22 patients in 1974.MethodDirect cholangiography was performed with indocyanine green (ICG) mixed into UrographinR under monitoring of intrabiliary pressure, and the participants were allocated to three groups according to whether ICG leakage into the blood, signs of infection, or both, were present.ResultsThe intrabiliary pressure of six patients negative for both ICG leakage and signs of infection was approximately 19.5 (median, [range 18‐22]) cmH2O. In contrast, for the five patients positive for ICG leakage but negative for signs of infection, the intrabiliary pressure was higher (median 32.0 [range 27‐41) cmH2O]. The 11 patients positive for both ICG leakage and signs of infection had the highest intrabiliary pressure (median 48.0 [range 33‐77] cmH2O). Our analyses revealed that, as the intrabiliary pressure increased, the status of ICG leakage and signs of infection appeared in a stepwise fashion.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the tight junctions sealing the bile canaliculi deteriorated with increasing intrabiliary pressure, resulting in reflux of the biliary contents into the vascular system via paracellular pathways between hepatocytes.
Hand fine motor control in classic galactosemia
Authors: MacWilliams Jessica , Patel Sneh , Carlock Grace , Vest Sarah , Potter Nancy L. , Fridovich‐Keil Judith L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClassic galactosemia (CG) is a rare inborn error of metabolism that results from profound deficiency of galactose‐1‐P uridylyltransferase (GALT). Despite early detection and rapid and lifelong dietary restriction of galactose, which is the current standard of care, most patients grow to experience a broad range of complications that can include motor difficulties. The goal of this study was to characterize hand fine motor control deficit among children and adults with classic galactosemia (CG). Specifically, we used Neuroglyphics software to collect digital Archimedes spiral drawings on a touch screen from 57 volunteers with CG (cases) and 80 controls. Hand fine motor control was scored as root mean square (RMS) of spirals drawn relative to an idealized template. Presence of tremor was defined as a peak in periodicity of changes in drawing speed or direction in the 4‐8 Hz range. We observed a highly significant difference (P < .001) in RMS scores between cases and controls, with almost 51% of cases showing at least 1 of 4 spirals scoring outside the 95th percentile for controls. The corresponding prevalence for controls was 10%. Similarly, more than 35% of cases, and almost 14% of controls, showed at least 1 of 4 spirals with a tremor amplitude above the 95th % cutoff for controls. Our results both confirm and extend what is known about hand fine motor control deficit among children and adults with CG and establish digital assessment as a useful approach to quantify this outcome.
Collision‐induced dissociation of [UO2(NO3)(O2)]− and reactions of product ions with H2O and O2
Authors: Bubas Amanda R. , Perez Evan , Metzler Luke J. , Rissler Scott D. , Van Stipdonk Michael J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe recently reported a detailed investigation of the collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of [UO2(NO3)3]− and [UO2(NO3)2(O2)]− in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer (J. Mass Spectrom. DOI:10.1002/jms.4705). Here, we describe the CID of [UO2(NO3)(O2)]− which is created directly by ESI, or indirectly by simple elimination of O2 from [UO2(NO3)(O2)2]−. CID of [UO2(NO3)(O2)]− creates product ions as at m/z 332 and m/z 318. The former may be formed directly by elimination of O2, while the latter required decomposition of a nitrate ligand and elimination of NO2. DFT calculations identify a pathway by which both product ions can be generated, which involves initial isomerization of [UO2(NO3)(O2)]− to create [UO2(O)(NO2)(O2)]−, from which elimination of NO2 or O2 will leave [UO2(O)(O2)]− or [UO2(O)(NO2)]−, respectively. For the latter product ion, the composition assignment of [UO2(O)(NO2)]− rather than [UO2(NO3)]− is supported by ion‐molecule reaction behavior, and in particular, the fact that spontaneous addition of O2, which is predicted to be the dominant reaction pathway for [UO2(NO3)]− is not observed. Instead, the species reacts with H2O, which is predicted to be the favored pathway for [UO2(O)(NO2)]−. This result in particular demonstrates the utility of ion‐molecule reactions to assist the determination of ion composition. As in our earlier study, we find that ions such as [UO2(O)(NO2)]− and [UO2(O)(O2)]− form H2O adducts, and calculations suggest these species spontaneously rearrange to create dihydroxides.
Decadal phase shift of summertime Arctic dipole pattern and its nonlinear effect on sea ice extent
Authors: Heo Eun‐Sook , Sung Mi‐Kyung , An Soon‐Il , Yang Young‐Min 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe rapid decline in Arctic sea ice during recent decades has been attributed to the combined influence of global warming and internal climate variability. Herein, we elucidate the process by which the decrease in sea ice is accelerated in association with the decadal phase shift of the Arctic dipole (AD), using observational data and Community Earth System Model (CESM1) simulations. The influence of the AD on Arctic sea ice varied according to its phase; in the negative‐AD decades (1979–1998), atmospheric circulation during summers of positive phase AD acts to reduce the sea ice extent (SIE) in the Pacific sector but increases it in the Atlantic sector. In contrast, in the positive‐AD decades (after 1999), the same atmospheric circulation pattern reduces the SIE in both sectors, resulting in enhanced sea ice melting across the entire Arctic region. A similar nonlinear relationship between the AD phase and SIE change is also observed in CESM1 Pre‐Industrial simulations, which stem from altered background temperature conditions between periods, implying the significant role of internal variability, particularly over the Atlantic sector. However, contrary to the recently observed AD trend, CESM1 Large Ensemble experiments predicted a negative AD trend as global warming proceeded. This suggests that the recent positive AD phase may be naturally driven, but the current state of sea ice decline associated with AD could be altered in the near future because of enhanced global warming.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio is associated with malnutrition risk estimated by the Royal Free Hospital–Nutritional Prioritizing Tool in hospitalized cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Feng Hongjuan , Hui Yangyang , Yu Zihan , Zhao Tianming , Mao Lihong , Lin Lin , Wang Bangmao , Fan Xiaofei , Yu Qingxiang , Sun Chao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiver cirrhosis is characterized by immune dysfunction, contributing to malnutrition. We previously revealed neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an indicator of disordered immune system. Herein we aimed to (1) determine the optimal NLR cutoff that best predicts malnutrition risk and (2) clarify the association between NLR and nutrition status.MethodsA total of 135 hospitalized patients with cirrhosis were included. Immune dysfunction was evaluated by levels of serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), NLR, and other parameters. Malnutrition was screened by a risk score referring to the Royal Free Hospital–Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH‐NPT). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was implemented to determine the best NLR cutoff that predicts malnutrition risk. Correlation between NLR and indicators of hepatic and physical function (handgrip strength) were also examined. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between NLR and malnutrition risk.ResultsROC curve revealed that the optimum cutoff to predict malnutrition risk was NLR > 4.2, with a sensitivity of 47.2%, specificity of 81.0%, negative predictive value of 58.0%, and positive predictive value of 74.5%, respectively. Patients with NLR > 4.2 exhibited a higher RFH‐NPT score, serum platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, and CRP. A positive correlation was found between NLR values and Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh (r = 0.22; P = .010), model for end‐stage liver disease (r = 0.36; P < .001), and RFH‐NPT scores (r = 0.31; P < .001). NLR was a risk factor for malnutrition independently of alcoholic liver disease and presence of ascites.ConclusionsImmune dysfunction measured by NLR was associated with malnutrition risk estimated by RFH‐NPT in cirrhosis.
The correlation between history of periodontitis according to staging and grading and the prevalence/severity of peri‐implantitis in patients enrolled in maintenance therapy
Authors: Ravidà Andrea , Rodriguez Maria Vera , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Galli Matthew , Qazi Musa , Troiano Giuseppe , Wang Hom‐Lay , Moreno Pablo Galindo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine if a previous history of periodontitis according to the preset definitions of the 2017 World Workshop is correlated with increased implant failure, and occurrence and severity of peri‐implantitis (PI).MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients with a history of periodontitis who received nonsurgical and, if indicated, surgical corrective therapy prior to implant placement was performed. Periodontitis stage and grade were determined for each included patient based on data from the time of initiation of active periodontal therapy. Cox Proportional Hazard Frailty models were built to analyze the correlation between stage and grade of periodontitis at baseline with implant failure, as well as occurrence and severity of PI.ResultsNinety‐nine patients with a history of periodontitis receiving 221 implants were followed for a mean duration of 10.6 ± 4.5 years after implant placement. Six implants (2.7%) failed and a higher rate of implant failure due to PI was found for Grade C patients (P < 0.05), whereas only an increased trend was seen for Stages III and IV compared with I and II. Grading significantly influenced the risk of marginal bone loss (MBL) >25% of the implant length (P = 0.022) in PI‐affected implants. However, a direct correlation between higher‐level stage and grade and PI prevalence was not recorded.ConclusionNo statistically significant association between periodontitis stage or grade and the prevalence of PI was found. However, when PI was diagnosed, there was a relationship between periodontitis grade and severity of PI or the occurrence of implant failure.
Identification of the absorbed ingredients and metabolites in rats after an intravenous administration of Tanreqing injection using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Xie Like , Wang Yangyang , Yin Hao , Li Jiajia , Xu Zhou , Sun Zhaolin , Liu Fang , Zhang Xiaoli , Liu Shaoyong , Sun Jianguo , Tian Xiaoting , Huang Chenggang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe metabolic profiles of Tanreqing injection, which is a traditional Chinese medicine recommended for complementary administration to treat a novel coronavirus, have remained unclear, which inhibit the understanding of the effective chemical compounds of Tanreqing injection. In this study, a sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method was used to identify the compounds and metabolites in various biosamples, including plasma, bile, liver, lung, kidney, urine, and feces, following the intravenous administration of Tanreqing injection in rats. A total of 89 compounds were characterized in the biosamples of Tanreqing injection‐treated rats including 25 precursor constituents and 64 metabolites. Nine flavonoid compounds, twelve phenolic acids, and four iridoid glycosides were identified in the rats. Their metabolites were mainly produced by glucuronidation, deglucuronidation, glycosylation, deglycosylation, methylation, demethylation, N‐heterocyclisation, sulphation, dehydroxylation, decarboxylation, dehydration, hydroxylation, and corresponding recombination reactions. This study was the first to comprehensively investigate the metabolic profile of Tanreqing injection and provides a scientific basis to further elucidate the pharmacodynamic material basis and therapeutic mechanism of Tanreqing injection.
Hydrophilic molecularly imprinted polymers functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes for selective extraction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate from winter jujube
Authors: Li Fei , Li Xiaoxuan , Su Jie , Li Yijun , He Xiwen , Chen Langxing , Zhang Yukui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, a green strategy was developed to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes in aqueous phase under mild conditions for cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Thanks to water solubility of chitosan, a natural polysaccharide which is rich in amino and hydroxyl groups, provided the feasibility to synthesize the green molecularly imprinted polymers for water soluble template in aqueous media. Coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography, the method exhibited a short equilibrium time (6 min), high adsorption capacity (22.42 μg/mg), high magnetic susceptibility, and good selectivity to template molecule with the imprinting factor of 2.94. A good linearity in the range of 0.020‐3.0 mg/mL for target was obtained with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The limit of detection (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3) and limit of quantitation (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 10) of the magnetic solid phase extraction method for cyclic adenosine monophosphate were 5 and 15 ng/mg, respectively. And the practical application of chitosan‐based molecularly imprinted polymers as adsorbent to isolate and determine cyclic adenosine monophosphate in real natural samples (winter jujube) was demonstrated.
Development of a surfactant‐assisted dispersive solid phase extraction using deep eutectic solvent to extract four tetracycline antibiotics residues in milk samples
Authors: Nemati Mahboob , Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, a new floating dispersive solid phase extraction method based on deep eutectic solvents has been developed in a home‐made extraction device for the extraction of four tetracycline antibiotics from milk samples. In this approach, the sorbent (activated carbon) was dispersed in whole parts of solution with the aid of air stream and floated on top of the solution with the aid of the surfactant (lauryl betaine) and air bubbles. After collection of the sorbent, the adsorbed analytes were eluted with tetrabutyl ammonium chloride–propionic acid deep eutectic solvent under sonication. In this method, there was no need of organic dispersive and extraction solvents and the used sorbent was collected on top of the solution and collected without centrifugation. The validation parameters showed that low limits of detection (0.1‐0.3 μg/kg) and quantification (0.6‐1.0 μg/kg), acceptable enrichment factors (52‐60), efficient extraction recoveries (80‐91%), and satisfactory relative standard deviations (≤9.8%) were obtained. Eventually, the method was successfully applied on different milk samples and tetracycline was determined in them.
Adenotonsillectomy Does not Alter the Risk of Upper Airway Infections in Children
Authors: Kim Jong‐Yeup , Ko Inseok , Kim Dong‐Kyu , Yu Myeong Sang 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveGiven the conflicting evidence regarding adenotonsillectomy and the risk of upper airway infections (UAIs), including acute pharyngitis (APT), rhinosinusitis (ARS), and otitis media (AOM), we evaluated the risk of developing UAIs following adenotonsillectomy in a childhood population.MethodsIn this population‐based follow‐up study, we used data from the National Health Insurance Service‐National Sample Cohort. The adenotonsillectomy group (n = 2,377) included patients aged <10 years who underwent an adenotonsillectomy. For every patient with APT (n = 2,309), ARS (n = 2,308), and AOM (n = 2,207) who had an adenotonsillectomy, four participants were randomly selected for the control groups (n = 9,204, n = 9,196, and n = 8,788, respectively) using propensity score matching. The number of postoperative hospital visits for UAIs was recorded for 1 to 9 years, and the equivalence test was used to compare the number of visits between the adenotonsillectomy and control groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the incidence of APT, ARS, or AOM at the margin of equivalence of difference (−0.5 < 95% confidence interval of difference < 0.5) between the two groups from postoperative year 1 to year 9. The hospital visits for these diseases gradually decreased over time in both groups. There was a significant decrease in the number of visits for APT, ARS, and AOM in the 5–9 years age group when compared with those in the <4 years age group (P < .01).ConclusionOur results suggest that adenotonsillectomy does not alter the frequency of UAIs in children.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:2376–2383, 2021
Co‐occurrence of orofacial clefts and clubfoot phenotypes in a sub‐Saharan African cohort: Whole‐exome sequencing implicates multiple syndromes and genes
Authors: Gowans Lord J. J. , Al Dhaheri Noura , Li Mary , Busch Tamara , Obiri‐Yeboah Solomon , Oti Alexander A. , Sabbah Daniel K. , Arthur Fareed K. N. , Awotoye Waheed O. , Alade Azeez A. , Twumasi Peter , Agbenorku Pius , Plange‐Rhule Gyikua , Naicker Thirona , Donkor Peter , Murray Jeffrey C. , Sobreira Nara L. M. , Butali Azeez 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOrofacial clefts (OFCs) are congenital malformations of the face and palate, with an incidence of 1 per 700 live births. Clubfoot or congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) is a three‐dimensional abnormality of the leg, ankle, and feet that leads to the anomalous positioning of foot and ankle joints and has an incidence of 1 per 1000 live births. OFCs and CTEV may occur together or separately in certain genetic syndromes in addition to other congenital abnormalities. Here, we sought to decipher the genetic etiology of OFC and CTEV that occurred together in six probands.MethodsAt the time of recruitment, the most clinically obvious congenital anomalies in these individuals were the OFC and CTEV. We carried out whole‐exome sequencing (WES) on DNA samples from probands and available parents employing the Agilent SureSelect XT kit and Illumina HiSeq2500 platform, followed by bioinformatics analyses. WES variants were validated by clinical Sanger Sequencing.ResultsOf the six probands, we observed probable pathogenic genetic variants in four. In three probands with probable pathogenic genetic variants, each individual had variants in three different genes, whereas one proband had probable pathogenic variant in just one gene. In one proband, we observed variants in DIS3L2, a gene associated with Perlman syndrome. A second proband had variants in EPG5 (associated with Vici Syndrome), BARX1 and MKI67, while another proband had potentially etiologic variants in FRAS1 (associated with Fraser Syndrome 1), TCOF1 (associated with Treacher Collins Syndrome 1) and MKI67. The last proband had variants in FRAS1, PRDM16 (associated with Cardiomyopathy, dilated, 1LL/Left ventricular noncompaction 8) and CHD7 (associated with CHARGE syndrome/Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 5 with or without anosmia).ConclusionOur results suggest that clubfoot and OFCs are two congenital abnormalities that can co‐occur in certain individuals with varying genetic causes and expressivity, warranting the need for deep phenotyping.
Ring‐shaped antenna array for multistatic microwave breast imaging systems
Authors: Lee Kwang‐Jae , Son Seong‐Ho 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article presents a ring‐shaped antenna array for multistatic microwave breast imaging. The antenna element uses a compact double‐ridged waveguide probe operating from 3 to 6 GHz, and its radiation performance is experimentally verified in a lossy immersion liquid with a pass loss of −0.67 dB/mm. Eight antenna elements are integrated into a 150 mm diameter ring structure that sufficiently surrounds the breast. The ring structure has a 15 mm groove between the antenna elements to reduce the electromagnetic influence of the ring wall to less than 0.5 dB.