bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biometry and taxonomy of Adriatic &lt;i&gt;Ammonia&lt;/i&gt; species from Bellaria–Igea Marina (Italy)
Authors: Schönfeld Joachim , Beccari Valentina , Schmidt Sarina , Spezzaferri Silvia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Living Ammonia species and an inventory of dead assemblages from Adriatic subtidal, nearshore environments were investigated at four stations off Bellaria, Italy. Ammonia falsobeccarii, Ammonia parkinsoniana, Ammonia tepida, and Ammonia veneta were recognized in the living (rose-bengal-stained) fauna, and Ammonia bellaria n. sp. is described herein for the first time. Ammonia beccarii was only found in the dead assemblage. The biometry of 368 living individuals was analysed by using light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic images of three aspects. A total of 15 numerical and 8 qualitative parameters were measured and assessed, 5 of which were recognized to be prone to a certain subjectivity of the observer. The accuracy of numerical data as revealed by the mean residuals of parallel measurements by different observers ranged from 0.5 % to 5.5 %. The results indicated a high degree of intraspecific variability. The test sizes of the individual species were log-normally distributed and varied among the stations. Parameters not related to the growth of the individuals, i.e. flatness of the tests, dimensions of the second-youngest chamber, proloculus, umbilical and pore diameter, sinistral–dextral coiling, and umbilical boss size, were recognized as being species-distinctive in combination. They may well supplement qualitative criteria that were commonly used for species discrimination such as a lobate outline, a subacute or rounded peripheral margin, or the degree of ornamentation on the spiral and umbilical sides. The averages of the measured parameters were often lower than the range of previously published values, mainly because the latter were retrieved from a few adult specimens and not from the whole assemblage as in the present approach. We conclude that the unprecedented high proportions of Ammonia beccarii in the northern Adriatic may well be artificial. A robust species identification without genetic analyses is possible by considering designated biometric parameters. This approach is also applicable to earlier literature data, and their re-assessment is critical for a correct denomination of recent genotypes.
Transformation of n-alkanes from plant to soil: a review
Authors: Thomas Carrie L. , Jansen Boris , van Loon E. Emiel , Wiesenberg Guido L. B. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Despite the importance of soil organic matter (SOM) in
the global carbon cycle, there remain many open questions regarding its
formation and preservation. The study of individual organic compound classes
that make up SOM, such as lipid biomarkers including n-alkanes, can provide
insight into the cycling of bulk SOM. While studies of lipid biomarkers,
particularly n-alkanes, have increased in number in the past few decades,
only a limited number have focused on the transformation of these compounds
following deposition in soil archives. We performed a systematic review to
consolidate the available information on plant-derived n-alkanes and their
transformation from plant to soil. Our major findings were (1) a nearly
ubiquitous trend of decreased total concentration of n-alkanes either with
time in litterbag experiments or with depth in open plant–soil systems and (2) preferential degradation of odd-chain length and shorter chain length n-alkanes represented by a decrease in either carbon preference index (CPI) or odd-over-even predominance (OEP) with depth, indicating degradation of
the n-alkane signal or a shift in vegetation composition over time. The
review also highlighted a lack of data transparency and standardization
across studies of lipid biomarkers, making analysis and synthesis of
published data time-consuming and difficult. We recommend that the community
move towards more uniform and systematic reporting of biomarker data.
Furthermore, as the number of studies examining the complete
leaf–litter–soil continuum is very limited as well as unevenly distributed over geographical regions, climate zones, and soil types, future data collection should focus on underrepresented areas as well as quantifying the
transformation of n-alkanes through the complete continuum from plant to soil.
Seasonal evolution of Antarctic supraglacial lakes in 2015–2021 and links to environmental controls
Authors: Dirscherl Mariel C. , Dietz Andreas J. , Kuenzer Claudia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Supraglacial meltwater accumulation on ice shelves may have important implications for future sea level rise. Despite recent progress in the understanding of Antarctic surface hydrology, potential influences on ice shelf stability as well as links to environmental drivers remain poorly constrained. In this study, we employ state-of-the-art machine learning on Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical Sentinel-2 satellite imagery to provide new insight into the inter-annual and intra-annual evolution of surface hydrological features across six major Antarctic Peninsula and East Antarctic ice shelves. For the first time, we produce a high-resolution record of supraglacial lake extent dynamics for the period 2015–2021 at unprecedented 10 m spatial resolution and bi-weekly
temporal scale. Through synergetic use of optical and SAR data, we obtain a
more complete mapping record also enabling the delineation of buried lakes.
Our results for Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves reveal below-average
meltwater ponding during most of melting seasons 2015–2018 and above-average meltwater ponding throughout summer 2019–2020 and early 2020–2021
considering years 2015–2021 as a reference period. Meltwater ponding on
investigated East Antarctic ice shelves was far more variable, with above-average lake extents during most 2016–2019 melting seasons and below-average lake extents during 2020–2021, considering the reference interval 2016–2021. This study is the first to investigate relationships with climate drivers both spatially and temporally including time lag analysis. The results indicate that supraglacial lake formation in 2015–2021 is coupled to the complex interplay of local, regional and large-scale environmental drivers with similar driving factors over both ice sheet regions. In particular, varying air temperature, solar radiation and wind conditions influenced supraglacial lake formation over all six ice shelves despite strong local to regional discrepancies, as revealed through pixel-based correlation analysis. Furthermore, regional climatic conditions were shown to be influenced by Southern Hemisphere atmospheric modes showing large-scale impacts on the spatio-temporal evolution of supraglacial lakes as well as on above- or below-average meltwater ponding with respect to the period 2015–2021. Finally, the local glaciological setting, including melt–albedo feedbacks and the firn air content, was revealed to strongly influence supraglacial lake distribution. Recent increases in Antarctic Peninsula surface ponding point towards a further reduction in the firn air content, implying an increased risk for ponding and hydrofracture. In addition, lateral meltwater transport was observed over both Antarctic regions with similar implications for future ice shelf stability.
Analisis Tujuan Dan Filsafat Kurikulum Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Weetebula Dalam Perspektif Pengembangan Kurikulum Oliva-Gordon
Authors: Daga Agustinus Tanggu 
Published: November 2021

Tujuan dan filsafat kurikulum memberikan landasan dan arah terhadap implementasi kurikulum pada institusi pendidikan. Para ahli kurikulum telah menjelaskan tujuan dan filsafat kurikulum dalam desain kurikulum yang diimplementasikan praktek pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan pandangan Oliva-Gordon tentang tujuan dan filsafat pengembangan kurikulum dalam implementasi kurikulum di STKIP Weetebula. Metode stusi literatur digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber yang relevan. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tujuan pendidikan dalam kurikulum meliputi tujuan umum, pernyataan tujuan, dan asal dari tujuan. Sedangkan filsafat pendidikan dalam kurikulum meliputi rekonstruksionisme, progresivisme, esensialisme, dan perenialisme. Tujuan pendidikan dalam kurikulum STKIP Weetebula termuat secara eksplisit dan implisit dalam visi, misi, dan tujuan STKIP Weetebula. Sedangkan filosofi kurikulum STKIP Weetebula tercermin dari karakteristik STKIP Weetebula yang disebut sebagai nilai-nilai inti dan semboyan “bersama kita bisa”. Dokumen-dokumen kurikulum pada level program studi menjabarkan tujuan dan filsafat pendidikan tersebut dan dimplementasikan dalam berbagai praktik pendidikan di STKIP Weetebula.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemerolehan Bahasa Kedua
Authors: Bitu Yuliana Sesi 
Published: November 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemerolehan bahasa kedua. Metode yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan data untuk membahas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemerolehan bahasa kedua adalah metode kajian pustaka, wawancara dan observasi. Studi pustaka digunakan untuk mengkaji buku-buku teks dan bahan informasi dari internet serta jurnal yang relevan dengan topik kajian. Metode wawancara dan observasi digunakan untuk mendapat data-data sebagai bukti adanya faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemerolehan bahasa kedua. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa faktor usia, lingkungan dan kebiasaan, struktur bahasa pertama terhadap pemerolehan bahasa kedua dan motivasi sangat mempengaruhi pemerolehan bahasa kedua.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VIII-A SMPK ST. PAULUS KARUNI PADA MATERI PERSEGI DAN PERSEGI PANJANG
Authors: Cordia Grassiana Misseri 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa kelas VIII SMPK St. Paulus Karuni pada materi persegi dan persegi panjang dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBM). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dimana hasil penelitian digambarkan dengan menggunakan penjelasan-penjelasan yang ilmiah. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini berupa analisis hasil kerja siswa, tes, observasi kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan latihan dan wawancara. Latihan yang diberikan kepada siswa sesuai dengan masalah yang sering dijumpai siswa dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Analisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa menggunakan indikator kemampuan pemecahan masalah dari Polya. Peneliti melakukan pembelajaran sesuai dengan langkah-langkah pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Berdasarkan hasil observasi pembelajaran dengan menggunakan langkah-langkah dari Polya disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBM) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa pada materi bangun datar di Kelas VIII SMPK St. Paulus Karuni. Hal ini terlihat ketika dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang diberikan oleh peneliti, siswa memahami masalah kemudian membuat rencana untuk menyelesaikan latihan serta melaksanakan rencana dan menuliskan jawabannya langkah demi langkah dengan menggunakan model matematika yang sesuai. Selain itu siswa dapat menjelaskan jawaban dengan alasan yang sesuai. Namun banyak juga siswa yang tidak memenuhi indikator keempat yakni melihat kembali jawabannya.
Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı Olan Bireylerin Hastalık Algıları ve Yaşam Kaliteleri Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: ÇAVUŞOĞLU Esra , ÖZKAYALAR Hülya , YURTSEVER Sabire , ÇALIKOĞLU Mukadder , TAŞDELEN Bahar 
Published: November 2021

ÖZET
Araştırma tanımlayıcı niteliktedir. Araştırma örneklemini bir üniversite hastanesine tanı, takip ve tedavi amacı ile başvuran 142 KOAH hastası oluşturmuştur. Veriler ‘’Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Hastalık Algısı Ölçeği, SF-36 Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği ve KOAH Değerlendirme Testi’’ kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde sayı ve yüzdeler, medyan, minimum ve maksimum değerleri, Shapiro Wilk, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis ve korelasyon testleri kullanılmıştır. Tüm karşılaştırmalar için istatistik önem seviyesi p< 0,05 olarak alınmıştır. Araştırmamızda KOAH hastalarının %51,4’ünün 61-99 yaş aralığında, %73,2’sinin erkek, %80,3’ünün evli, %50’sinin ilkokul mezunu, %50,7’sinin geliri giderinden az, %59,9’nun sigara kullanmadığı, %54,2’sinin KOAH dışında kronik bir hastalığı olduğu, %50’sinin 1-5 yıl önce tanı aldığı, %75,4’ünün KOAH’a yönelik ilaç kullandığı ve %57’sinin KOAH nedeniyle atak geçirdiği saptanmıştır. Araştırmamızda hastalık algısı ve yaşam kalitesinin birbiri ile ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu bağlamda KOAH ilgili semptomları daha sık ve şiddetli yaşayan bireylerin negatif hastalık algısına sahip olduğu ve yaşam kalitesinin daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir.

ABSTRACT
The study is descriptive. The study sample consisted of 142 COPD patients who applied to a university hospital for diagnosis, follow-up and treatment. The data were collected by face-to-face interview method using "Personal Information Form, Illness Perception Scale, SF-36 Quality of Life Scale and COPD Assessment Test". While evaulating the data, numbers and percentages, median, minimum and maximum values, Shapiro Wilk, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis and correlation tests were used. The statistical significance level for all comparisons was taken as p< 0.05. In our study 51.4% of the COPD patients were in the 61-99 age range, 73.2% were male, 80.3% were married, 50% were primary school graduates, 50.7% had less income than their expenses, 59.9% did not smoke, 54.2% had a chronic disease other than COPD, 50% were diagnosed 1-5 years ago, 75.4% used drugs for COPD, and 57% had an attack due to COPD ha been determined. In our study, it was determined that the illness perceptio and quality of life were correlated with each other. In this context, it has been determined that individuals who experience COPD-related symptoms more frequently and severely have a negative illness perception and have a lower quality of life.
Association between Red Cell Distribution Width to Platelet Ratio and Disease Activity among Iraqi Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Gorial Faiq Isho , Oda Ali Hameed , Jabbar Naema Sattar , Abdurahman Hussain Saad 
Published: November 2021

Background: The link between red blood cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio (RPR) and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is not well understood. Aim: To investigate the association between RPR levels and disease activity in SLE. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City from July 2020 to March 2021. Seventy SLE patients were compared with 70 healthy controls. The diagnosis was made using the American College of Rheumatology SLE criteria. Results: SLE patients had a mean age of 35.2±12.03 years, while controls had a mean age of 36.3±9.9 years (P=0.5). Females represent 97.1% of SLE patients and 88.6% of controls. The average disease duration was 4.98±0.05 years. The disease activity index (SLEDI) was 16.4±4.8. SLE patients had a lower platelet count than controls, and the median (IQR) of RDW was larger than that of controls. SLE patients had a greater median (IQR) of RPR than controls (0.058; 0.04-0.07 vs. 0.045; 0.039-0.053). The RPR and SLEDAI showed strong positive association. The optimal cutoff point for distinguishing SLE patients from controls was 0.0455, with 79% sensitivity and 51% specificity. The RPR was not significantly affected by sociodemographic or clinical factors. Conclusion: The RPR was positively correlated with disease activity in SLE patients, and may be a valid measure to differentiate between SLE patients and healthy controls. Sociodemographic and other clinical characteristics do not significantly affect RPR.
Mesoscale interactions during the genesis and intensification of October 1999 Orissa super cyclone
Authors: VENKATESH T. N. 
Published: November 2021

lkj & ;g loZfofnr rF; gS fd iw.kZ fodflr m".kdfVca/kh; pØokr esa izk;% v{klekuqikfrd lajpuk ikbZ tkrh gS tcfd pØokr ds cuus dh voLFkk esa vR;kf/kd vlaxfr fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA iz’kkar egklkxj esa gky gh esa fd, x, v/;;uksa vkSj izs{k.kksa ls ;g irk pyk gS fd m".kdfVca/kh; pØokrksa dh mRifRr dk irk yxkkus esa eslksLdsy dh ijLij fØ;k,sa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrh gSaA m".kdfVca/kh; pØokr dh mRifRr ds vk/kqfud fl)kar Hkh mi;qZDr iwoZdfFkr rF; ij vk/kkfjr gSaA bl 'kks/k&Ik= esa vkbZ- vkj- mixzg ls izkIr foEckoyh vkSj cM+s iSekus ij Hkzfeyrk ds {ks=ksa dk fo’ys"k.k izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA ftuesa ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd 1999 esa mM+hlk esa vk, egkpØokr dh Hkh izkjfEHkd voLFkkvksa esa eslksLdsy ls pØokr ds coaMj dh ijLij fØ;kvksa dk irk yxk gSA
It is well known that a mature tropical cyclone is known to have a nearly axisymmetric structure but that the formation stage exhibits considerable asymmetry. Recent studies and observations in the Pacific indicate that mesoscale interactions could play an important role in the genesis of tropical cyclones. Modern theories of tropical cyclone genesis are also based on this premise. In this paper, an analysis of the IR satellite imagery and large scale vorticity fields is presented, which shows that mesoscale vortex interactions occur in the early stages of the 1999 Orissa super cyclone also.
Advance forecasting of cyclone track over north Indian Ocean using a global circulation model
Authors: GOSWAMI P. , MANDAL A. , UPADHYAYA H. C. , HOURDIN FREDERIC 
Published: November 2021

& m".kdfVca/kh; pØokr lewps fo’o esa vf/kdka’k rVorhZ {ks=ksa esa xaHkhj vkSj fodjky Mj mRiUu djrs jgrs gSaA blfy, m".kdfVca/kh; pØokrksa ds laca/k esa vf/kd lVhd vkSj yEch vof/k ds iwokZuqeku dh ek¡x c<+rh tk jgh gSA ;|fi dkQh le; ls lhfer {ks= fun’kZ ¼,y- ,- ,e-½ m".kdfVca/kh; pØokrksa ds xfrdh; iwokZuqeku ds fy, ijEijkxr lk/ku jgs gSa fQj Hkh bl ckr ls Hkh badkj ugh fd;k tk ldrk gS fd pØokrksa dh xfrdh; izÑfr ds izLrqrhdj.k esa HkweaMyh; ifjlapj.k fun’kkZsa ¼th- lh- ,e-½ ds mi;ksx ds Qy Lo:Ik dkQh lq/kkj vk;k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, caxky dh [kkM+h ds dqN pØokr rks caxky dh [kkM+h esa gh fodflr gksrs gSa fdarq cgqr ls pØokr [kkM+h ds iwoZ dh rjQ cus fuEu nkc {ks= ds l?ku gksus vkSj [kkM+h dh vksj c<+us ds dkj.k curs gSa ftlls ;g Li"V gS fd pØokr ds iwokZuqeku ds fy, pØokr ds mRiUu gksus ds foLr`r {ks= dks 'kkfey djus dh vko’;drk gSA bl 'kks/k&i= esa geus crk;k gS fd ,y- ,- ,e- vkSj th- lh- ,e- dh la;qDr fo’ks"krk rqyukRed :Ik ls uohu Js.kh ds HkweaMyh; ekWMyksa ¼th- lh- ,e-½ ls pØokr ds ekxZ vkSj mldh rhozrk tSls dqN vR;ar egRoiw.kZ y{k.kksa ds laca/k eas yEch vof/k ds vkSj vf/kd lVhd rjg ds iwokZuqeku nksuksa miyC/k djk ldrs gSaA lkr pØokrksa ls lacaf/kr fofHkUu LFkkuksa] _rqvksa] o"kZ vkSj mudh rhozrk] izfr:fir ekxksZa vkSj pØokrksa ds ySaMQky ds LFkyksa ds ik¡p fnuksa ls Hkh vf/kd le; igys dh mudh vkjafHkd voLFkkvksa vkSj muds laca/k esa leqnz lrg rkieku ¼,l- ,l- Vh-½ ds ekfld tyok;q foKku ds 48 ?kaVs igys tkjh fd, x, gSaA buesa rkRdkfyd izpkyukRed iwokZuqeku ds leku gh =qfV;k¡ ikbZ xbZ gSaA
Tropical cyclones pose a serious and growing threat to many coastal areas world over; there is increasing demand for better accuracy as well as longer range for tropical cyclone forecasts. While the traditional tool for dynamical forecasting of tropical cyclones has been Limited Area Models (LAM), there are reasons to believe that use of Global Circulation Models (GCM) may result in improved representation of cyclone dynamics. Over Bay of Bengal, for example, while some cyclones develop in situ, many result from intensification of low pressure system that travel from the east, implying need for consideration of a large domain. We show here that a relatively new class of Global Circulation Models (GCM), combining the advantages of LAMs and GCMs, can provide both longer range and better accuracy for such critical parameters like track and intensity. For seven cyclones representing different locations, seasons, years and strength, simulated tracks and land-fall locations show, with initial condition more than 5 days ahead and only monthly climatology of sea surface temperature (SST), errors comparable to those from current operational forecast 48 hours in advance.
Tropical cyclonic storms – Modeling studies in Indian Air Force
Authors: SHIVHARE R. P. , SRINIVAS V. S. 
Published: November 2021

lkj & ns’k esa Hkkjrh; ok;qlsuk ¼vkbZ- ,- ,Q-½ dh lqjf{kr mM+kuksa ds fy, ekSle lsok,¡ miyC/k djkus dk mRrjnkf;Ro ekSle foKku foHkkx ds funs’kky; dk gSA Hkkjrh; ok;qlsuk ds csl ij fLFkr ekSle ¼esV½ dk;kZy; m".kdfVca/kh; pØokrksa ds cuus] rhoz gksus vkSj mudh xfr dk lw{e :Ik ls ekWuhVju djrs gSa rFkk ok;qlsuk dh cgqewY; lEifRr] eq[; :Ik ls gokbZ&tgktksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, psrkouh tkjh djrs gSaA pØokr ds izdksi ls izHkkfor fdlh Hkh LFkku ij cpko dk;ksaZ esa yxs gsyhdkWIVjksa@ok;q;kuksa ds fy, Hkh ;g dk;kZy; ekSle lsok,¡ miyC/k djkrs gSaA ekWMy ij fd, x, v/;;uksa ds vk/kkj ij okLrfod le; iwokZuqeku ds fy, Hkkjrh; ok;qlsuk }kjk 'kks/k dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gSA xzsy vkSj dSu&fÝ’k 2 ¼lrgh laogu lfgr½ diklh izpkyhdj.k ;kstuk dk mi;ksx djds pØokr ds ekxZ ds iwokZuqeku ds fy, Hkkjrh; ok;qlsuk ds ekSle vuqHkkx }kjk mM+hlk ds egkpØokr ds eslksLdsy fun’kZ ,e- ,e- 5 ds vk/kkj ij v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA xzsy ;kstuk ls rwQku ds okLrfod ekxZ ls yxHkx fudV ds ekxZ dk irk pyk gSA dSu&fÝ’k 2 ;kstuk ls irk pys ekxZ ls if’pe caxky vkSj mlds vkl&ikl ds {ks=ksa esa pØokr ds izfrorZu dk irk pyk gSA
The Directorate of Meteorology is responsible for the provisioning of weather services for safe conduct of Indian Air Force (IAF) flying operations in the country. The Meteorological (Met) Sections at IAF bases closely monitor a Tropical Cyclone formation, intensification and movement and issue storm warning to safeguard its valuable property that primarily includes Aircrafts. It also provides the weather services for all the helicopter/Aircraft Rescue Operations that are taken up after the fury of the cyclone experienced at a place. Generation of real time forecast from model studies is in the Research Stage in IAF. A meso-scale model (MM5) studies of super cyclone of Orissa were carried out by IAF Met to generate forecast tracks of the Cyclone using Grell and Kain-Fritsch 2 (with shallow convection) cumulus parameterization scheme. The Grell scheme indicated the track slightly close to the actual track of the storm. The KF2 scheme led to the generation of the track that indicated the re-curvature of the system in to West Bengal and adjoining regions.