bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Experiences of Community‐dwelling older adults during the COVID‐19 Lockdown in Wuhan: A qualitative study
Authors: Yang Qing , Wang Yuxin , Tian Chong , Chen Yuan , Mao Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the experiences of community‐dwelling older adults in Wuhan during the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown.DesignAn empirical phenomenological approach was used to conduct a qualitative study.MethodsWe performed semi‐structured, in‐depth telephone interviews between July 24 and August 2, 2020. A purposive sample of 18 participants (≥65 years old) who lived in Wuhan during the lockdown was recruited, including both infected and uninfected people. Data summarization and theme categories refinement were performed following Colaizzi's phenomenological approach.ResultsFour main theme categories emerged. First, the ‘Challenges’ posed by the epidemic. Older adults were challenged with barriers in seeing a doctor and daily life inconveniences. And they experienced negative emotions, whether infected or not. The second domain was ‘multi‐dimensional support’, which helped older people went through the difficult period. The third domain was ‘resilience amid challenges’. Although they experienced physical and psychological distress, most of them could self‐adjust and achieve transcendence from the unique experience. Lastly, the remaining impact after the epidemic affected older adults. Some still had mental burdens, while others thought they have benefited from the quarantine time (e.g. regular diet, learning new skills).ConclusionThe epidemic and lockdown of the city brought significant physical and mental challenges to community‐dwelling older adults. Active adaptation and multifaceted support helped them through this period. However, the mental burdens after the epidemic still require attention. These experiences would provide guidelines for the protection of vulnerable populations during public health emergencies.ImpactThe results of the study suggested that certain social dynamics and individual behaviours helped the elderly to better cope with the stressful lockdown period. The findings in this study provided guidelines on how to reduce the negative effects on older adults during the pandemic and enlighten studies concerning the well‐being of older adults or other vulnerable people in future crises.
Ownership concentration, ownership identity and seasoned equity offerings probabilities: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Rojahn Joachim , Zechser Florian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes the effect of ownership concentration and ownership identity on the probability of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) in the German stock market. In Germany, equity issues require shareholder approval by a supermajority vote of 75% at shareholder meetings. This study contributes to the literature by testing the non‐monotonic effect of ownership concentration on the SEO probability. While low levels of ownership concentration can be expected to increase SEO probabilities, for example, through signaling effects, high levels of ownership concentration beyond the 25% blocking minority imply a negative effect, likely driven by the largest shareholder's willingness to maintain control. After constructing a control group using propensity score matching, we find that SEO likelihood is positively affected by the ownership concentration of the largest shareholder, as long as the 25% blocking threshold is not reached, regardless of the largest shareholder's identity. However, once this threshold is exceeded, the SEO likelihood decreases significantly as the equity stake of the largest shareholder increases. Nonetheless, when we control for the identity of the owners with equity stakes above the 25% threshold, the negative effects are predominantly not statistically significant at common levels.
Evolution of reproductive structures for in‐flight mating in thynnine wasps (Hymenoptera: Thynnidae: Thynninae)
Authors: Semple Thomas L. , Vidal‐García Marta , Tatarnic Nikolai J. , Peakall Rod 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThynnine wasps have an unusual mating system that involves concurrent in‐flight copulation and nuptial feeding of wingless females by alate males. Consequently, thynnine genitalia play a multifunctional role and have likely been subject to various different selective pressures for both reproductive success and food provisioning. Here, we present a new molecular phylogeny for the Australian Thynninae and use 3D‐geometric morphometrics and comparative methods to investigate the morphological evolution of select genital structures across the group. We found significant morphological integration between all male and female structures analysed, which is likely influenced by sexual selection, but also reproductive isolation requirements and mechanical constraints. The morphology of the primary male and female coupling structures was correlated with female body size, and female genitalia exhibited strong negative size allometry. Those male and female coupling structures have evolved at similar evolutionary rates, whereas female structures appear to have evolved a higher degree of morphological novelty over time. We conclude that the unique reproductive strategies of thynnine wasps have resulted in complex evolutionary patterns in their genital morphology, which has likely played a central role in the extensive diversification of the subfamily across Australasia and South America. Our study reinforces the need to treat composite characters such as genitalia by their component parts, and to consider the roles of both male and female reproductive structures in evolutionary studies.
Promotions, managerial project choice, and implementation effort
Authors: Loss Frédéric , Renucci Antoine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn our model where career concerns take the form of promotion, managers use projects and effort to influence the labor market beliefs regarding their ability. We show that managers consider how projects affect the extent to which posterior beliefs can differ from initial beliefs, the precision of posterior beliefs, and equilibrium implementation effort costs. The following results obtain. Although projects differ only in terms of the information they reveal, equilibrium implementation effort costs can reverse project choices. More informative projects can induce lower effort despite the learning effect identified by Holmströmm's paper (1999). Regardless of the attractiveness of promotion, equilibrium effort is insufficient at either end of the reputation distribution. Finally, good (respectively, bad) reputation managers sometimes choose the more informative (respectively, less informative) project.
Use of evidence in acute strokedecision‐making: Implications forevidence‐basedmedicine
Authors: Langlois‐Thérien Timothé , Dewar Brian , Upshur Ross E. G. , Shamy Michel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesEvidence‐Based Medicine proposes a prescriptive model of physician decision‐making in which ‘best evidence’ is used to guide best practice. And yet, proponents of EBM acknowledge that EBM fails to offer a systematic theory of physician decision‐making.MethodsIn this paper, we explore how physicians from the neurology and emergency medicine communities have responded to an evolving body of evidence surrounding the acute treatment of patients with ischemic stroke. Through analysis of this case study, we argue that EBM's vision of evidence‐based medical decision‐making fails to appreciate a process that we have termedepistemic evaluation.Results and ConclusionsPhysicians are required to interpret and apply any knowledge—even what EBM would term ‘best evidence’—in light of their own knowledge, background and experience. This is consequential for EBM as understanding what physicians do and why they do it would appear to be essential to achieving optimal practice in accordance with best evidence.
Moenkhausia andrica (Characiformes: Characidae): a new species from the rio Tapajós basin, Brazil, with minute fin hooklets in females
Authors: Reia Lais , Oliveira Claudio , Benine Ricardo C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, a new species of Moenkhausia is described from the upper rio Juruena, rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. It is distinguished from all congeners by the presence of minute bony hooks in all fins of both mature females and males and combination of a prepelvic region flattened, dorsal portion of the humeral blotch extending two scales horizontally and vertically, lateral line with 28–32 scales, five scale series above and below lateral line; circumpeduncular scales 13–14, anal‐fin rays 16–19 and dorsal portion of eyes blue in live specimens. The new species is also supported by high divergence in the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). The presence of minute fin bony hooks in both females and males, population variations and late development of the lateral line in Moenkhausia andrica are discussed.
Distribution of Sprattus sprattus phalericus (Risso, 1827) and zooplankton near the Black Sea redoxcline
Authors: Melnikov Victor , Pollehne Falk , Minkina Natalia , Melnik Lidia 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTUnderstanding what environmental drivers influence marine predator–prey relationships can be key to managing and protecting ecosystems, especially in the face of future climate change risks. This is especially important in environments such as the Black Sea, where strong biogeochemical gradients can drive marine habitat partitioning and ecological interactions. We used underwater video recordings in the north‐eastern Black Sea in November 2013 to observe the distribution and behaviour of the Black Sea sprat (Sprattus sprattus phalericus, Risso 1827) and its zooplankton prey. Video recordings have shown that the Black Sea sprat S. sprattus phalericus tolerates severely hypoxic waters near the redoxcline. The school was distributed in the 33–96 m layer [oxygen concentration (O2) 277–84 μmol L−1]. Some individuals were observed to leave the school and descended 20 m deeper for foraging on copepods in the 119–123 m layer (O2 12–10 μmol L−1). Zooplankton appeared concentrated on the upper boundary of the suboxic zone (O2 < 10 μmol L−1). No zooplankton were observed below O2 6–7 μmol L−1 (128 m). Understanding the ability of this species to tolerate low oxygen waters is crucial to predicting future responses to natural and anthropogenic changes in hypoxia.
Intraskeletal bone growth patterns in the North Island Brown Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli): Growth mark discrepancy and implications for extinct taxa
Authors: Heck Christian T. , Woodward Holly N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOsteohistology, the study of bone microstructure, provides an important avenue for assessing extinct and extant vertebrate growth and life history. Cortical vascularity and collagen fibre organization are direct reflections of growth rate, while bone growth marks are indicative of absolute age. However, each skeletal element has its own ontogenetic trajectory and microstructure of certain bones may not be a true representation of whole body growth. Extensive comparative study of modern taxa is required to resolve intraskeletal discrepancies among age, vascularity and tissue organization in extinct vertebrates. Despite their comparative utility, studies of bone microstructure in modern taxa are severely lacking. Here, we add to a growing comparative osteohistological database by describing (1) bone tissue organization, (2) growth mark count, (3) sexually dimorphic bone (e.g. medullary bone) and (4) secondary cortical reconstruction in the bone microstructure of a 14‐year‐old male and 5‐year‐old female North Island Brown Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli). Transverse and longitudinal histological ground sections were processed and described for femora, tibiotarsi, tarsometatarsi, humeri, ulnae and radii in both kiwis. Cortical bone can generally be described as parallel‐fibered tissue, interrupted by cyclical growth marks, with vascular canals oriented longitudinally within primary and secondary osteons. Tissue morphologically resembling medullary bone is present in the hindlimbs of the female, and coarse compacted cancellous bone (CCCB) is found sporadically in the male and female hindlimbs. Lines of arrested growth (LAGs) are present in all hindlimb bones of both kiwi, but remodelling has obliterated all LAGs in the male ulnae and radii. LAG count varies intraskeletally, but large weight bearing elements such as femora and tibiotarsi have less remodelling and, thus, higher number of LAGs. LAG count did not match absolute age in any skeletal element; a maximum of seven LAGs are present in the male kiwi and a maximum of seven LAGs in the female kiwi. The tissue organization within the forelimbs and hindlimbs is reflective of the protracted growth strategy of the North Island Brown Kiwi and congruent with previous studies of the kiwi. LAGs were highly variable throughout the skeleton of the kiwi and a decoupling of age and LAG deposition is apparent from the male kiwi samples. Excess LAGs in the 5‐year‐old female kiwi may be a product of hatching, egg laying or captivity. Regardless, LAG count variation in the kiwi stresses the importance of intraskeletal sampling when assessing growth patterns of extinct taxa. An extensive ontogenetic sampling of kiwi is necessary for future investigations of bone growth patterns, CCCB formation, medullary bone and LAG deposition and obliteration in these elusive birds.
Effects of a combination of botanical actives on skin health and antioxidant status in post‐menopausal women: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Tumsutti Pakagamon , Maiprasert Mart , Sugkraroek Pansak , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima , Bumrungpert Akkarach 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkin aging is one of the most concerning issues during the post‐menopausal period. Despite the promising effects of hormonal therapy, there is still concerned about the long‐term outcomes from the treatment. Therefore, nutraceuticals that contain estrogenic and antioxidative effects have gained a lot of attention as an alternative therapy for slowing down skin age‐related changes in women after menopause.ObjectiveThis study was aimed at evaluating the effects of a combination of nutraceuticals on skin health and antioxidant status in women after menopause.MethodsPost‐menopausal women aged 45–60 years old were enrolled and randomly allocated (n = 110) equally to either treatment or placebo group (n = 55 per group). The test product, a nutraceutical containing a blend of Glycine max, Cimicifuga racemosa, Vitex agnus‐castus, and Oenothera biennis extracts, was administered over a 12‐week period, with dermatological parameters evaluated at baseline, week 6, and week 12 of the study. Additionally, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were detected at baseline and week 12 to evaluate the antioxidant status.ResultsAt week 6, skin roughness was significantly improved in the treatment group (n = 50 completed), while at week 12, a significant improvement and large effect sizes observed in skin elasticity (Cohen's d = 1.56, [SDpooled = 0.10]), roughness (d = 1.53, [0.67]), smoothness (d = −1.33, [34.65]), scaliness (d = −0.80 [0.095]), and wrinkles (d = −1.02 [13.68]) compared to placebo (n = 51 completed). Moreover, GSH was significantly increased (d = 1.54 [32.52]) whereas MDA was significantly decreased (d = −1.66, [0.66]) in the test group, compared to placebo. Blood biochemistry, along with vital signs, did not differ between groups, and no subjects reported any adverse throughout the trial.ConclusionThese data indicate the supplementation with the formulated blend of four herbal extracts is supportive of skin health and antioxidant status in women of menopausal age.
Overcoming the Early‐stage Conundrum of Digital Platform Ecosystem Emergence: A Problem‐Solving Perspective
Authors: Murthy Ramya K. , Madhok Anoop 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlatform sponsors and complementors co‐create value in digital platform ecosystems. But how does a digital platform ecosystem emerge in the incipient stage, especially in a situation where value co‐creation involves attracting complementors to platform sponsors who are unknown to one another? We posit that a platform sponsor’s choice of scope signals value co‐creation opportunities and thereby attracts complementors and consumers. We draw upon the problem‐solving perspective, rooted in the knowledge‐based view of the firm, to shift the emphasis away from the actor (‘who’) to the problem at hand (‘what’) and demonstrate how incipient platform sponsors can align their scope with the problem to stimulate ecosystem emergence. Using fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis on a dataset of crowdfunding campaigns, we identify multiple pathways and associated propositions for successful emergence of digital platform ecosystems, notably for innovation, open‐source, and information ecosystems. The framework we conceptualize highlights novel considerations to overcome the early‐stage challenge of attracting participation to an ecosystem that is yet to emerge.
Is There a Bidirectional Causal Relationship Between Religiosity and Volunteering?
Authors: Son Joonmo , Wilson John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMost studies of the effect of religiosity on volunteering overlook or fail to deal adequately with the possibility that there is reverse causal relation, from volunteering to religiosity, which should be taken into account. Using four waves of the Americans’ Changing Lives study, we estimate a reciprocal relationship between church attendance and religious and secular volunteering, using dynamic panel models with fixed effects using structural equation modeling and measuring both lagged and proximate effects. Religious service attendance increases future religious volunteering via its proximate effect on religious volunteering while religious volunteering has cross‐lagged and proximate effects on both religious service attendance and secular volunteering. On the other hand, there are neither cross‐lagged nor proximate effects between church going and secular volunteering. Religious and secular types of volunteering are reciprocally related, suggesting religious people are drawn into secular work not only directly, but also via their volunteer work for religious organizations.
Drivers of change and stability in the gut microbiota of an omnivorous avian migrant exposed to artificial food supplementation
Authors: Pekarsky Sasha , Corl Ammon , Turjeman Sondra , Kamath Pauline L. , Getz Wayne M. , Bowie Rauri C. K. , Markin Yuri , Nathan Ran 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman activities shape resources available to wild animals, impacting diet and probably altering their microbiota and overall health. We examined drivers shaping microbiota profiles of common cranes (Grus grus) in agricultural habitats by comparing gut microbiota and crane movement patterns (GPS‐tracking) over three periods of their migratory cycle, and by analysing the effect of artificially supplemented food provided as part of a crane‐agriculture management programme. We sampled faecal droppings in Russia (nonsupplemented, premigration) and in Israel in late autumn (nonsupplemented, postmigration) and winter (supplemented and nonsupplemented, wintering). As supplemented food is typically homogenous, we predicted lower microbiota diversity and different composition in birds relying on supplementary feeding. We did not observe changes in microbial diversity with food supplementation, as diversity differed only in samples from nonsupplemented wintering sites. However, both food supplementation and season affected bacterial community composition and led to increased abundance of specific genera (mostly Firmicutes). Cranes from the nonsupplemented groups spent most of their time in agricultural fields, probably feeding on residual grain when available, while food‐supplemented cranes spent most of their time at the feeding station. Thus, nonsupplemented and food‐supplemented diets probably diverge only in winter, when crop rotation and depletion of anthropogenic resources may lead to a more variable diet in nonsupplemented sites. Our results support the role of diet in structuring bacterial communities and show that they undergo both seasonal and human‐induced shifts. Movement analyses provide important clues regarding host diet and behaviour towards understanding how human‐induced changes shape the gut microbiota in wild animals.
Remarkable recent changes in the genetic diversity of the avirulence gene AvrStb6 in global populations of the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici
Authors: Stephens Christopher , Ölmez Fatih , Blyth Hannah , McDonald Megan , Bansal Anuradha , Turgay Emine Burcu , Hahn Florian , Saintenac Cyrille , Nekrasov Vladimir , Solomon Peter , Milgate Andrew , Fraaije Bart , Rudd Jason , Kanyuka Kostya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeptoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, is one of the most economically important diseases of wheat. Recently, both factors of a gene‐for‐gene interaction between Z. tritici and wheat, the wheat receptor‐like kinase Stb6 and the Z. tritici secreted effector protein AvrStb6, have been identified. Previous analyses revealed a high diversity of AvrStb6 haplotypes present in earlier Z. tritici isolate collections, with up to c.18% of analysed isolates possessing the avirulence isoform of AvrStb6 identical to that originally identified in the reference isolate IPO323. With Stb6 present in many commercial wheat cultivars globally, we aimed to assess potential changes in AvrStb6 genetic diversity and the incidence of haplotypes allowing evasion of Stb6‐mediated resistance in more recent Z. tritici populations. Here we show, using targeted resequencing of AvrStb6, that this gene is universally present in field isolates sampled from major wheat‐growing regions of the world in 2013–2017. However, in contrast to the data from previous AvrStb6 population studies, we report a complete absence of the originally described avirulence isoform of AvrStb6 amongst modern Z. tritici isolates. Moreover, a remarkably small number of haplotypes, each encoding AvrStb6 protein isoforms conditioning virulence on Stb6‐containing wheat, were found to predominate among modern Z. tritici isolates. A single virulence isoform of AvrStb6 was found to be particularly abundant throughout the global population. These findings indicate that, despite the ability of Z. tritici to sexually reproduce on resistant hosts, AvrStb6 avirulence haplotypes tend to be eliminated in subsequent populations.