bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen uptake by porcine colon contents
Authors: Hillman K. 
Published: November 2021

Since the gut environment is generally assumed to be anaerobic, studies of the monogastric intestinal microflora have concentrated on the anaerobic microorganisms. However, the intestinal epithelium constitutes a very high surface area in relation to the volume of the gut contents, and all of this surface area is richly supplied with blood. Appreciable dissolved oxygen concentrations can be detected in the intestines of anaesthetised piglets (Hillman et al, 1993), although this is never detectable in the intestines of killed animals. It was considered important to investigate the persistence of intestinal oxygen after death, in order to determine the accuracy of postmortem measurements of this component of the intestinal environment. This report demonstrates the rapidity of removal of oxygen by porcine colon contents, and indicates that, since the oxygen supply to the intestine stops when the blood circulation stops, accurate measurements of dissolved oxygen can never be made in the intestines of killed animals.Colon contents were obtained from three freshly slaughtered 20 kg piglets and diluted to 20% (w/v) slurries in quarter-strength Ringer's solution (Unipath, UK). The slurries were transferred (25 ml) to 50 ml conical flasks, stirred by magnetic follower (approx 400 rpm) and surrounded by a water jacket to maintain a temperature of 39°C in the vessel contents. A polarographic oxygen electrode was inserted so that the membrane was submerged. Gas flow through the headspace was provided by compressed air and nitrogen, mixed via a pair of needle valves to provide a constant flow rate of 600 ml min-1. Calibration of the system was performed in sterile Ringer's solution using air and oxygen-free nitrogen: calibration was repeated between each experiment.
The faecal microbial population can be representative of large intestinal microfloral activity
Authors: Williams B.A. , Voigt C. , Verstegen M.W.A. 
Published: November 2021

Faeces may be representative of the microbial population present in the large intestine (LI) of monogastric animals, and is being used as the inoculum for in vitro procedures to investigate hindgut fermentation. To test this hypothesis, samples were taken from the caecum, mid-colon, and rectum of three pigs fed a simple diet (no antibiotics or copper). The in vitro cumulative gas production technique (Theodorou et a/., 1994) was used to measure the fermentation characteristics of four standard carbohydrate feedstuffs.Four feeds representative of certain carbohydrate fractions were used. They were fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS- oligosaccharides), oat hulls (OatH- fibre), potato starch (PST- resistant starch), and wheat bran (WBR- fibre). The entire large intestine was taken to laboratory, where samples were removed from the caecum, mid-colon, and rectum, diluted, and mixed, under strictly anaerobic conditions before being used as inoculum. The cumulative gas data (144 hours) were fitted to the monophasic modified Michaelis-Menten model (Groot et a/., 1996). After fermentation, samples were taken for VFA analysis, and substrate losses and pH measured.
Effect of feeding lactose on rumen metabolism in-vitro and in-vivo
Authors: Hussain A. , Miller E. L. 
Published: November 2021

Inclusion of lactose in dairy cow rations increases dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield (Garnsworthy 1996). This may be due to the relatively slow rate of lactose fermentation ( Hussain and Miller, 1998) sustaining better regulation of rumen pH and also possible consequence for microbial protein synthesis (Chamberlain et al., 1993).This experiment was conducted to study the changes in rumen environment over the adaptation period and effect of these changes on the fermentation of lactose itself.Three Suffolk wethers (b.wt 56± 7.36 kg) maintained on hay and concentrate (600:400) were offered 50g lactose per day for 16 days. Rumen liquor collected on dayO (before offering lactose), 4, 8, 12 and 16 was used to measure gas production from sucrose and lactose ( Menke et al., 1979). On these days rumen samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hrs after the morning feed. Rumen pH, ammonia N (NH3 N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured. At 8 hrs time rumen samples were also taken for protozoa enumeration. Data obtained were analysed using ANOVA procedure of Genstat 5.
Effect of dietary methionine supplementation on hoof horn growth in primiparous cows
Authors: Metcalf J. A. , Marsh C. , Johnston A. M. , May S. A. , Livesey C. T. 
Published: November 2021

Horn growth rate does not appear to be related to the amino acid profile of the major protein source for dairy cattle (Offer, Logue & Roberts, 1997), but it is possible that sulphur amino acids are limiting in early lactation, when the homeorhetic drive to milk production is most extreme. Supplementation of a high production ration for dairy cows with protected methionine should increase milk production, and allow any sulphur amino acid limitation on horn growth to be alleviated (Mengal, Galbraith, Souri & Scaife, 1997).A total of 60 in-calf Holstein heifers were divided into two groups in a randomised block design. The study commenced approximately three weeks pre-calving until 26 weeks post calving, and animals were housed in one of three systems for the duration. Two diets were formulated based on a grass silage:maize silage mixture (50:50 DM basis), with rolled wheat, soya bean meal, sugar beet feed and rapeseed meal and were offered from approximately five days post calving for the remainder of the 26 week period.
Acidogenicity of feeds for dairy cows. 1. Method development and screening of ingredients
Authors: Wadhwa D. , Dewhurst R.J. , Dhanoa M.S. , Borgida L.P. 
Published: November 2021

The objective of this work was to develop a simple method for screening feeds for their potential to increase rumen acid load. It is difficult to undertake in vivo experimentation on this subject owing to the dangers of acidosis as well as the animals’ ability to avoid major changes in rumen conditions. Additionally, the large number of samples involved make it desirable to develop a simple in vitro technique.A simple in vitro method was developed for estimation of the rumen acid load, based on the dissolution of calcium from calcium carbonate after a period of rumen fermentation. The method was based on the first stage of the method of Tilley and Terry (1963) with some modification to the buffer (which contained MgCl2 instead of MgSO4, 0.025% (w/v) Cystine monohydrochloride and was diluted to 20% in strength). At the end of each incubation, a 2 ml sample was taken, mixed with 0.05 g CaCO3 and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes. The supernatant was analysed for calcium using a Sigma kit (method No. 587) on a discrete analyser. The concentration of calcium (mg per 100 ml) in the supernatant has been termed the acidogenicity value (AV). A series of pilot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of duration of incubation, buffer concentration, buffer pH and source of rumen liquor.
Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Volcano‐Glacial Environments—Mount Meager, British Columbia
Authors: Klaasen Sara , Paitz Patrick , Lindner Nadja , Dettmer Jan , Fichtner Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe demonstrate the logistic feasibility and scientific potential of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) in alpine volcano‐glacial environments that are subject to a broad range of natural hazards. Our work considers the Mount Meager massif, an active volcanic complex in British Columbia, estimated to have the largest geothermal potential in Canada, and home of Canada's largest recorded landslide in 2010. From September to October 2019, we acquired continuous strain data, using a 3‐km long fiber‐optic cable, deployed on a ridge of Mount Meager and on the uppermost part of a glacier above 2,000 m altitude. The data analysis detected a broad range of unexpectedly intense, low‐magnitude, local seismicity. The most prominent events include long‐lasting, intermediate‐frequency (0.01–1 Hz) tremor, and high‐frequency (5–45 Hz) earthquakes that form distinct spatial clusters and often repeat with nearly identical waveforms. We conservatively estimate that the number of detectable high‐frequency events varied between several tens and nearly 400 per day. We also develop a beamforming algorithm that uses the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of individual channels, and implicitly takes the direction‐dependent sensitivity of DAS into account. Both the tremor and the high‐frequency earthquakes are most likely related to fluid movement within Mount Meager's geothermal reservoir. Our work illustrates that DAS carries the potential to reveal previously undiscovered seismicity in challenging environments, where comparably dense arrays of conventional seismometers are difficult to install. We hope that the logistics and deployment details provided here may serve as a starting point for future DAS experiments.
Modeling the Impact of Macrozooplankton on Carbon Export Production in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Karakuş Onur , Völker Christoph , Iversen Morten , Hagen Wilhelm , Wolf‐Gladrow Dieter , Fach Bettina , Hauck Judith 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMacrozooplankton and its grazing pressure shape ecosystem structures and carbon pathways in the Southern Ocean. Here, we present the implementation of “polar macrozooplankton” as a plankton functional type and a related fast‐sinking detritus class (fecal pellets) into the biogeochemical model REcoM‐2. We use the model to assess major carbon pathways and ecosystem structure in the Southern Ocean south of 50°S. The model represents zooplankton biomass and its spatial distribution in the Southern Ocean reasonably well in comparison to available biomass data. A distinct difference of our model from previous versions is the seasonal pattern of particle formation processes and ecosystem structures in the Southern Ocean. REcoM‐2 now captures high zooplankton biomass and a typical shift from a dominance of phytodetrital aggregates in spring to zooplankton fecal pellets later in the year. At sites with high biomass of macrozooplankton, the transfer efficiency of particulate organic carbon can be as high as 50%, and the carbon content of the exported material increases. In our simulations, macrozooplankton is an important component of the Southern Ocean plankton community, contributing up to 0.12 Pg C per year (14%) to total modeled carbon export across 100 m depth. Macrozooplankton changes the phytoplankton composition and supports the recycling of macronutrients. These results support the important role of macrozooplankton such as krill in the Southern Ocean and have implications for the representation of Southern Ocean biogeochemical cycles in models.
Multiyear Detection, Classification and Hypothesis of Ionospheric Layer Causing GNSS Scintillation
Authors: Datta‐Barua Seebany , Llado Prat Pau , Hampton Donald L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper surveys six years of Global Positioning System (GPS) L1 and L2C ionospheric scintillation in the auroral zone and, with a collocated incoherent scatter radar, hypothesizes the ionospheric irregularity layer. The Scintillation Auroral GPS Array of six scintillation receivers is sited at Poker Flat Research Range, Alaska, as is the Poker Flat incoherent scatter radar (PFISR). Scintillation intervals are identified across at least four receivers of the array using S4 and sigma phi (σϕ) indices at 100 s cadence. Classification as “amplitude,” “phase,” or “both‐phase‐and‐amplitude” scintillation is performed by analyzing common time intervals of elevated S4 and σϕ. Scattering of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) waves by refractive or diffractive effects is hypothesized to occur in the E or F layer, or a transition layer in between, based on the PFISR peak density altitude at the time of the scintillation event. We analyze the statistics of the irregularity layer from 2014 to 2019, spanning solar maximum to solar minimum. We find fewer scintillation events per day with the waning solar cycle, nearly all of them phase scintillations. We also find that the percentage of events hypothesized to be caused by irregularities in the E layer increases with the declining solar cycle. The local time dependence of phase scintillations is primarily at night and in the E layer. Phase scintillation events occurring during daytime occur at solar maximum and are nearly all in the F layer. The majority of the events containing amplitude scintillations are daytime F layer at solar maximum (2014).
The tumor suppressor MIR139 is silenced by POLR2M to promote AML oncogenesis
Authors: Stavast Christiaan J. , van Zuijen Iris , Karkoulia Elena , Özçelik Arman , van Hoven-Beijen Antoinette , Leon Leticia G. , Voerman Jane S. A. , Janssen George M. C. , van Veelen Peter A. , Burocziova Monika , Brouwer Rutger W. W. , van IJcken Wilfred F. J. , Maas Alex , Bindels Eric M. , van der Velden Vincent H. J. , Schliehe Christopher , Katsikis Peter D. , Alberich-Jorda Meritxell , Erkeland Stefan J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMIR139 is a tumor suppressor and is commonly silenced in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the tumor-suppressing activities of miR-139 and molecular mechanisms of MIR139-silencing remain largely unknown. Here, we studied the poorly prognostic MLL-AF9 fusion protein-expressing AML. We show that MLL-AF9 expression in hematopoietic precursors caused epigenetic silencing of MIR139, whereas overexpression of MIR139 inhibited in vitro and in vivo AML outgrowth. We identified novel miR-139 targets that mediate the tumor-suppressing activities of miR-139 in MLL-AF9 AML. We revealed that two enhancer regions control MIR139 expression and found that the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) downstream of MLL-AF9 epigenetically silenced MIR139 in AML. Finally, a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen revealed RNA Polymerase 2 Subunit M (POLR2M) as a novel MIR139-regulatory factor. Our findings elucidate the molecular control of tumor suppressor MIR139 and reveal a role for POLR2M in the MIR139-silencing mechanism, downstream of MLL-AF9 and PRC2 in AML. In addition, we confirmed these findings in human AML cell lines with different oncogenic aberrations, suggesting that this is a more common oncogenic mechanism in AML. Our results may pave the way for new targeted therapy in AML.
Tenomodulin knockout mice exhibit worse late healing outcomes with augmented trauma-induced heterotopic ossification of Achilles tendon
Authors: Delgado Caceres Manuel , Angerpointner Katharina , Galler Michael , Lin Dasheng , Michel Philipp A. , Brochhausen Christoph , Lu Xin , Varadarajan Adithi R. , Warfsmann Jens , Stange Richard , Alt Volker , Pfeifer Christian G. , Docheva Denitsa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHeterotopic ossification (HO) represents a common problem after tendon injury with no effective treatment yet being developed. Tenomodulin (Tnmd), the best-known mature marker for tendon lineage cells, has important effects in tendon tissue aging and function. We have reported that loss of Tnmd leads to inferior early tendon repair characterized by fibrovascular scaring and therefore hypothesized that its lack will persistently cause deficient repair during later stages. Tnmd knockout (Tnmd−/−) and wild-type (WT) animals were subjected to complete Achilles tendon surgical transection followed by end-to-end suture. Lineage tracing revealed a reduction in tendon-lineage cells marked by ScleraxisGFP, but an increase in alpha smooth muscle actin myofibroblasts in Tnmd−/− tendon scars. At the proliferative stage, more pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and larger collagen II cartilaginous template were detected in this group. At the remodeling stage, histological scoring revealed lower repair quality in the injured Tnmd−/− tendons, which was coupled with higher HO quantified by micro-CT. Tendon biomechanical properties were compromised in both groups upon injury, however we identified an abnormal stiffening of non-injured Tnmd−/− tendons, which possessed higher static and dynamic E-moduli. Pathologically thicker and abnormally shaped collagen fibrils were observed by TEM in Tnmd−/− tendons and this, together with augmented HO, resulted in diminished running capacity of Tnmd−/− mice. These novel findings demonstrate that Tnmd plays a protecting role against trauma-induced endochondral HO and can inspire the generation of novel therapeutics to accelerate repair.
Linc-ROR facilitates progression and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating DEPDC1 expression
Authors: Tian Chuan , Abudoureyimu Mubalake , Lin Xinrong , Chu Xiaoyuan , Wang Rui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLinc-ROR have been well-demonstrated to play important roles in cancer progression and angiogenesis. However, the underlying oncogenic mechanism of Linc-ROR in hepatocellular carcinoma is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that Linc-ROR plays an oncogenic role in part through its positive regulation of DEPDC1 expression. Mechanistically, Linc-ROR acts as competing endogenous RNA to stabilize DEPDC1 mRNA and regulates DEPDC1 mRNA stability by binding HNRNPK. Thus, these findings suggest that function of Linc-ROR-mediated DEPDC1 could predispose hepatocellular carcinoma patients to progression and angiogenesis, and may serve as a potential target for anticancer therapies.
STEAP3 promotes cancer cell proliferation by facilitating nuclear trafficking of EGFR to enhance RAC1-ERK-STAT3 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Li-Li , Luo Jie , He Zhang-Hai , Liu Ye-Qing , Li Hai-Gang , Xie Dan , Cai Mu-Yan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSTEAP3 (Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 3, TSAP6, dudulin-2) has been reported to be involved in tumor progression in human malignancies. Nevertheless, how it participates in the progression of human cancers, especially HCC, is still unknown. In the present study, we found that STEAP3 was aberrantly overexpressed in the nuclei of HCC cells. In a large cohort of clinical HCC tissues, high expression level of nuclear STEAP3 was positively associated with tumor differentiation and poor prognosis (p < 0.001), and it was an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients. In HCC cell lines, nuclear expression of STEAP3 significantly promoted HCC cells proliferation by promoting stemness phenotype and cell cycle progression via RAC1-ERK-STAT3 and RAC1-JNK-STAT6 signaling axes. Through upregulating the expression and nuclear trafficking of EGFR, STEAP3 participated in regulating EGFR-mediated STAT3 transactivity in a manner of positive feedback. In summary, our findings support that nuclear expression of STEAP3 plays a critical oncogenic role in the progression of HCC via modulation on EGFR and intracellular signaling, and it could be a candidate for prognostic marker and therapeutic target in HCC.
TCP1 increases drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia by suppressing autophagy via activating AKT/mTOR signaling
Authors: Chen Xiaofang , Chen Xianling , Huang Yiping , Lin Jia , Wu Yong , Chen Yuanzhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractT-complex protein 1 (TCP1) is one of the subunits of chaperonin-containing T complex (CCT), which is involved in protein folding, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and drug resistance. Investigations have demonstrated that TCP1 is a factor being responsible for drug resistance in breast and ovarian cancer. However, the TCP1 role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains elusive. In the present study, we discovered that the TCP1 expression was elevated in AML patients and high TCP1 expression was associated with low complete response rate along with poor overall survival. TCP1 showed higher expression in the adriamycin-resistant leukemia cell line HL60/A and K562/A, comparing to their respective parent cells HL60 and K562 cells. TCP1 inhibition suppressed drug resistance in HL60/A and K562/A cells, whereas TCP1 overexpression in HL60 cells incremented drug resistance, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that TCP1 inhibited autophagy and adriamycin-induced cell apoptosis, and TCP1-mediated autophagy inhibition conferred resistance to adriamycin-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, TCP1 interacted with AKT and mTOR to activate AKT/mTOR signaling, which negatively regulates apoptosis and autophagy. Pharmacological inhibition of AKT/mTOR signal particularly activated autophagy and resensitized TCP1-overexpressing HL60 cells to adriamycin. These findings identify a novel role of TCP1 regarding drug resistance in AML, which advise a new strategy for overcoming drug resistance in AML through targeting TCP1/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Coherent spin rotation-induced zero thermal expansion in MnCoSi-based spiral magnets
Authors: Liu Jun , Ding Bei , Yao Yuan , Xi Xuekui , Cheng Zhenxiang , Wang Jianli , Wang Chin-wei , Wu Guangheng , Wang Wenhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMaterials exhibiting zero thermal expansion (ZTE), namely, volume invariance with temperature change, can resist thermal shock and are highly desired in modern industries for high-precision components. However, pure ZTE materials are rare, especially those that are metallic. Here, we report the discovery of a pure metallic ZTE material: an orthorhombic Mn1-xNixCoSi spiral magnet. The introduction of Ni can efficiently enhance the ferromagnetic exchange interaction and construct the transition from a spiral magnetic state to a ferromagnetic-like state in MnCoSi-based alloys. Systematic in situ neutron powder diffraction revealed a new cycloidal spiral magnetic structure in the bc plane in the ground state, which transformed to a helical spiral in the ab plane with increasing temperature. Combined with Lorentz transmission electron microscopy techniques, the cycloidal and helical spin order coherently rotated at varying periods along the c-axis during the magnetic transition. This spin rotation drove the continuous movement of the coupled crystalline lattice and induced a large negative thermal expansion along the a-axis, eventually leading to a wide-temperature ZTE effect. Our work not only introduces a new ZTE alloy but also presents a new mechanism by which to discover or design ZTE magnets.
RAB5A expression is a predictive biomarker for trastuzumab emtansine in breast cancer
Authors: Engebraaten Olav , Yau Christina , Berg Kristian , Borgen Elin , Garred Øystein , Berstad Maria E. B. , Fremstedal Ane S. V. , DeMichele Angela , Veer Laura van ’t , Esserman Laura , Weyergang Anette 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHER2 is a predictive biomarker for HER2-targeted therapeutics. For antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs; e.g., trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)), HER2 is utilized as a transport gate for cytotoxic agents into the cell. ADC biomarkers may therefore be more complex, also reflecting the intracellular drug transport. Here we report on a positive correlation between the early endosome marker RAB5A and T-DM1 sensitivity in five HER2-positive cell lines. Correlation between RAB5A expression and T-DM1 sensitivity is confirmed in breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab emtansine/pertuzumab in the I-SPY2 trial (NCT01042379), but not in the trastuzumab/paclitaxel control arm. The clinical correlation is further verified in patients from the KAMILLA trial (NCT01702571). In conclusion, our results suggest RAB5A as a predictive biomarker for T-DM1 response and outline proteins involved in endocytic trafficking as predictive biomarkers for ADCs.