bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and their determinants in two Urban districts of India
Authors: Bansal Satvik C. , Odedra Rahul , Talati Kandarp , Morgaonkar Vallaree A. , Shinde Mayur , Nimbalkar Somashekhar M. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
It is essential to maintain optimal nutrition during the early years of life when the growth rate is maximum.

Aims and Objectives:
Our study investigated the prevalence of various feeding practices. We also explored their association with different sociodemographic, biomedical variables, and childhood morbidity.

Methodology:
This was a cross-sectional community-based study. Data were collected through a questionnaire-based survey of mothers of school-going children aged 2–6 years in the districts of Anand and Vadodara, Gujarat.

Results:
A total of 367 mothers participated in the study. About 78% of the mothers did early initiation of breastfeeding within 1 h of birth, and 68% gave colostrum to the newborn. Around 30% of the mothers practiced bottle feeding, and 25% gave prelacteal feeds. Most mothers received good family support for breastfeeding (93.73%). On univariate analysis, we found the following associations of feeding practices—breastfeeding initiation with the gender of the baby (P value—0.006) and type of delivery (P value < 0.001); the duration of exclusive breastfeeding with the time difference between two deliveries (P value—0.027) and maternal age (P value—0.004); prelacteal feeds with the type of delivery (P value—0.034); feeding difficulty with the time difference between two deliveries (P value < 0.001) and breastfeeding at night with maternal education (P value—0.002). The time of the initiation of breastfeeding was associated with cough and cold episodes. No other association was found between breastfeeding variables and health indicators.

Conclusion:
Maternal age, maternal education, the time difference between two deliveries, the type of delivery, and gender of the baby were significantly associated with different Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices. Identifying these factors might help in the development of strategies for optimizing feeding practices.
Budd-Chiari syndrome in small hepatic veins
Authors: Sultana Emiko , Hasan M. Tasdik , Mahmood Hassan Rushekh , Ansar Adnan , Podder Vivek , Emrul Khan , Ali Md. Yusuf 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare condition affecting one in a million adults. BCS involves outflow obstruction in the hepatic venous system, which can occur anywhere between the small hepatic veins and the atrio-caval junction and cannot be due to heart, pericardial, or hepatic veno-occlusive disease.

Case Presentation:
We report an exceedingly rare form of BCS with less common initial clinical features in a young poor adult male patient which ignited a diagnostic uncertainty and a therapeutic challenge. The presence of the classical triad of BCS in the absence of major hepatic vein obstruction prompted the medical team to consider that the patient had a rare form of BCS. In this case, the financial condition of the patient and limited resources available restricted our ability to advance into the specific investigations. However, the patient was given symptomatic medical treatment and was followed up monthly. We also provided the patient with a statement that reaffirmed our inability to provide affordable surgical management options and called for an optimized national clinical guideline that could help the physicians deal with the challenges.

Conclusion:
An uncommon form of BCS in this patient provided a diagnostic challenge and therapeutic uncertainty in the low-resource settings. Primary care physicians should commence evidenced medical management based on clinical suspicion acknowledging the fact that obstruction of small hepatic veins is often not detected on an ultrasound.
Sociodemographic correlates of abnormal blood profile in tribal districts of Eastern India
Authors: Bhatia Vikas , Parida Swayam Pragyan , Chandanshive Pradnya Dilip 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
To assess the correlates of sociodemographic profile with abnormal blood profile in tribal districts of Odisha.

Design:
This was a cross-sectional study. The abnormal blood profile cut-offs were: Random blood sugar >200 mg/dl, Triglycerides >150 mg/dl, and Cholesterol >200 mg/dl.

Setting:
The study was carried out in Daringbadi and Tangi (Choudwar) blocks from Kandhamal and Cuttack district, respectively, in the eastern state of Odisha in India.

Participants:
Data of 2,000 households selected consecutively from 30 villages was collected for persons aged more than 6 years from either block on sociodemographic aspects and food consumption by households. Anthropometric measurements were taken for persons aged 11 years and above. Approximately 10%, that is, 400 households were chosen for blood sample collection for estimation of random blood sugar (RBS) and lipid profile [Serum Triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol] in persons aged 11 years and above.

Results:
The blood reports revealed that out of the total samples collected, 9.2% had elevated RBS, 20.8% had elevated TG, and 8.8% had elevated cholesterol levels overall. The prevalence of elevated RBS, TG, and Cholesterol was 2.3%, 15%, and 5.3%, respectively, in Daringbadi, while in Tangi-Choudwar the elevated markers were 17%, 27.2%, and 12.8% for RBS, TG, and Cholesterol, respectively. Our study found that compared to the Daringbadi block, a significantly higher (P < 0.05) proportion of people from the Tangi-Choudwar block suffered from hyperglycemia (OR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.20), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.64), and hypercholesterolemia (OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.59). Hence, it was observed that the population of Daringbadi was 89%, 53%, and 62% less likely to have elevated random blood sugar level, serum triglycerides, and serum cholesterol, respectively, than the population of Tangi-Choudwar block. Overall, the population of Tangi-Choudwar was found to be more predisposed to an abnormal blood profile which might be indicate a less healthy lifestyle and diet in this block as compared to Daringbadi block.

Conclusions:
This study found that the sociodemographic factors influencing lifestyle and diet patterns of a population have an impact on the health of a population. We found that the tribal block which was more developed and had more intake of junk food and sedentary lifestyle similar to urban areas also had a greater proportion of population with an abnormal blood profile as compared to the less-developed tribal block. Hence, health promotion for a healthy lifestyle and diet is needed as a part of national health policy to implement primordial prevention and to prevent the emergence of risk factors from an early age. The frontline health workers and family physicians can play an important role in promoting a healthy lifestyle.
The Prevalence of Child Restraint System Use and Pattern of Child Transportation in Buraidah City
Authors: AlAmmar Hadel F. , Jahan Saulat 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The motor vehicle crash (MVC) is a major cause of injuries and deaths among children worldwide. The child restraint system (CRS) is designed to protect children from injury and death if passengers are involved in MVC.

Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of CRS use for children aged 5 years and below and to explore the pattern of child transportation inside cars in Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire distributed among parents attending primary healthcare centers. Simple random sampling was used to select 330 participants. The survey was conducted from January to March 2020.

Results:
A total of 135 (40.9%) respondents had CRS available in their cars, and only 51 (15.5%) participants reported using it ‘always’. Child discomfort, difficulty in handling CRS, and being unaware of CRS importance were the commonly reported reasons of not using CRS. The most common practiced mode of transportation, in case of not using CRS, was seating the child in the front seat on an adult lap. Twenty-eight (8.2%) respondents experienced a MVC while driving with a child; half (53.6%) of these were not using CRS at the time of the accident. Less than half (47.1%) of the participants were aware of the CRS law in Saudi Arabia.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of using CRS is low. Creating awareness among parents and strict implementation of the CRS law can lead to increase in the use of CRS which will lead to prevention of traffic-related injuries and deaths among children.
The need for a Smart Phone Application to Facilitate Communication Between Deaf-Mute and Hearing-Impaired Patients and Dentists
Authors: Alkadhi Omar H. , Abdulrahman Baraa I. , Alhawas Shiama A. , Almanie Leen A. , Alsalmi Haifa E. , Aljumah Asayil A. 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
This study aims to determine the difficulty of communication between deaf-mute and hearing-impaired individuals, and their dentists and the need for an application to facilitate communication.

Materials and methods:
This is a cross-sectional study. A self-reported questionnaire was distributed among individuals with hearing disability. We measured demographic data, deaf-mute and hearing-impaired patients experience at the dental office, their interest and ability to use modern means of communication, and their willingness to use smartphones, tablets or computers to communicate with their dentists. Fisher's Exact test was used to determine association between different variables with cut-off point (P < 0.05).

Results:
58.5% of individuals with deafness or hearing impairment have visited dental offices. 51% of individuals reported they could not understand their dentists during visits. 45.3% stated that their complaints were understood. 30.2% of the information given by dentists were clear to them and only 24.5% of individuals were given all necessary information. 73.58% of all individuals are willing to use mobile applications to facilitate communication if recommended by their dentists.

Conclusions:
Many individuals with hearing disability are facing difficulties in communication in the dental office. The majority of them are willing to use a mobile application to help them communicate better with their dentists.
National sample surveys show poor households face catastrophic expenditure for oral healthcare services in India
Authors: Prasad Banuru Muralidhara , Tripathy Jaya Prasad , Bera Om Prakash , Shanbhag Namita 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Globally people pay out-of-pocket (OOP) to access Oral healthcare services. In India, there is limited evidence on estimates of OOP expenditure. We undertook an analysis of national sample survey data on household health care expenditure to understand the expenditure pattern for Oral healthcare services and the catastrophic burden.

Method:
The expenditure reported for Oral healthcare services from two surveys: 71st round and 75th round, published by National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) was extracted. Based on monthly household consumption expenditure three economic groups were made: poor, middle- and rich-income groups. The OOP expenditure pattern while accessing day-care services and hospitalization and in public and private sector and the catastrophic expenditure were analysed.

Results:
A total of 204 and 155 households from two national surveys reported to have accessed day-care Oral services respectively. The median OOP expenditure in public sector remained same at US $ 4 in both surveys. Over 35% of 78 households in 71st round and 42% of 167 in 75th round used public sector hospitalization services. The median expenditure of hospitalization doubled from US$ 58 (IQR 21–263) in 71st round to US $ 125 (IQR 45-363) in 75th round. Households from poor income groups spent seven times more for Oral healthcare services during the recent survey and faced catastrophic expenditure.

Conclusion:
The OOP expenditure for Oral healthcare has significant catastrophic household expenditure among the poor. There is a need to increase investment in public sector and insurance to protect poor against hospitalization expenditure in private sector.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among school children in Mysuru, Karnataka
Authors: Thomas Usha M , D Narayanappa , MS Sujatha 
Published: August 2021

Childhood obesity has become a major public health challenge in developing countries including India due to the changes in the lifestyle and food habits of children owing to the influence of urban culture and technological growth. The present study is a cross-sectional, school-based study conducted to assess the prevalence of obesity and to determine the demographic variables influencing the obesity among school children.

Methods:
The study included 440 students (Boys: 240, Girls: 200) from two randomly selected schools of Mysuru city, Karnataka. WHO Standard Age and Sex specific Growth Reference charts were used for defining overweight and obesity. Modified Kuppuswamy's socioeconomic scale (2019) was adopted to assess the socioeconomic status of the family.

Results:
Obesity prevalence among the study subjects was 3.86% and overweight was 12.27%. The mean body mass index (BMI) among boys was 18.13 and girls was 18.80. The difference in the distribution of BMI between male and female groups was statistically significant (P = 0.023). Age and obesity status of the children was found to have a significant association (P = 0.022). Prevalence of overweight and obesity was more among children from higher socioeconomic class (P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
Prevalence of obesity and overweight among school children is comparatively higher. The higher familial income, dietary patterns, parental history of obesity and diabetes and having urban residence were identified as the major factors which influenced the obesity status of the school children.
A cross-sectional study on oral hygiene among Santhal tribal adults in a rural area of West Bengal
Authors: Haque Hasibur Zaman , Pal Dipak , Sadhukhan Sanjoy Kumar , Das Souvik 
Published: August 2021

Context:
Oral health is a key indicator of overall health and wellbeing. Despite adequate medical advancements in global oral health, problems still persist in many communities in India especially in the hard to reach areas of the vulnerable population.

Aims:
This study aimed to assess the oral hygiene status among adults of Santhal tribe in a rural area of West Bengal and to find out the factors associated with their oral hygiene status.

Materials and Methods:
A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among adults of Santhal tribe in a rural area of Paschim Bardhhaman district, West Bengal. Data was collected from 103 participants by simple random sampling (without replacement) technique using a predesigned pretested structured schedule. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2010.

Results:
The mean age of the study participants was 32.17 ± 12.72 years. Half (50.5%) were female participants. The proportion of poor oral hygiene status was 38.8%. Significant predictors of poor oral hygiene status on univariate logistic regression were age group (P = 0.011), gender (P = 0.013), alcohol consumption (P = 0.001), use of “datun” (P = 0.011), smokeless tobacco (SLT) use (P = 0.000), and both smoking Tobacco (ST)-SLT use (P = 0.000). In multivariable model, “datun” use (P = 0.013), SLT use (P = 0.001), both ST-SLT use (P = 0.004) retained their significant association with poor oral hygiene status.

Conclusion:
The present study findings emphasize on necessity of awareness generation regarding oral hygiene and strategic implementation of essential oral care in tribal communities residing in this area of West Bengal.
Viral characteristics and clinical presentation in dengue co-infection- Findings from a facility based observational study in Odisha, India
Authors: Turuk Jyotirmayee , Palo Subrata K. , Rath Sonalika , Subhadra Subhra , Sabat Jyotsnamayee , Sahoo Prakash K. , Panda Sailendra , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Dengue has affected many countries globally. Two-fifths part of the world is at risk, which can be affected by dengue disease. In India, the dengue incidence has increased in the recent past and emerged as an important health problem in many states including Odisha. Dengue disease presents with atypical clinical symptoms when associated with other co-infections.

Materials and Methods:
A facility-based longitudinal study was carried out over a period of 1 year to determine the dengue co-infection and its outcome. The suspected cases were clinically assessed following a standard case report format and serological investigations including serotyping were carried out.

Results:
33.6% samples were dengue positive of which 78.5% were positive for NS1 Ag, 26.6% positive for dengue IgM and 5.1% to both. Among the dengue positive cases, 60.9% were male and mean age was 31.52 (±17.03) years. High occurrence of cases was during May to November with maximum in August. Among the 975 dengue positives, 57 (5.8%) were found to have co-infection. Chikungunya was the most common co-infection in 71.9%, followed by herpes simplex (HSV) (7%) and other diseases. Fever was the most common presenting symptom (98.2%), followed by myalgia (91.2%), retro orbital pain (91.2%), pain abdomen (12.3%), rash/lesion (8.8%), burning micturition (5.3%), petechiae (1.7%) and pruritus (1.7%) among the co-infected cases.

Conclusions:
All the four dengue serotypes were found to be circulating with DEN 2 as the most predominant one. About 5.8% of dengue cases have co-infection (mainly with Chikungunya) and clinically present with atypical signs and symptoms.
Profile of multimorbidity in outpatients attending public healthcare settings
Authors: Pati Sanghamitra , Sinha Rajeshwari , Panda Meely , Puri Parul , Pati Sandipana 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Multimorbidity, the co-occurrence of two or more long-term conditions (LTC) in individuals, is associated with greater healthcare utilization, expenditure, and premature mortality, thus positing a challenge for patients and healthcare providers. Given its sparsely available epidemiological evidence, we aimed to describe the profile of multimorbidity in a representative sample of public healthcare outpatients in India.

Methods:
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st July to 31st December 2015 in Odisha, India. Fifteen public healthcare facilities were selected by stratified random sampling. Data was collected from 1,870 adult outpatients attending these settings using Multimorbidity Assessment Questionnaire for Primary Care (MAQ-PC) tool.

Result:
Nearly 3/4th of both women and men outpatients were either obese or overweight. >1/2 had multimorbidity (≥2 LTC) while 1/3rd had ≥3 LTC. Most prevalent condition was hypertension (63%), followed by chronic backache and arthritis. Cancer and psychiatric illness were least reported. Multimorbidity increased with age group, socioeconomic status, and education level. Females across all age groups had higher reported multimorbidity than males. Diabetes--hypertension was frequently occurring dyad. Both physical and mental component of quality of life was reduced in multimorbidity.

Conclusion:
Multimorbidity is becoming a norm in healthcare practice with high prevalence in females and older adults. Health services for non-communicable diseases need to include commonly occurring dyads along with health promotion. Higher prevalence in females reinforces the need to incorporate gender differences while studying multimorbidity. Analysis of multimorbidity epidemiology through an equity lens could illuminate the underpinning complexities and heterogeneities of this phenomenon.
A cross sectional study to assess tobacco use and its correlates among patients attending non-communicable disease clinics of a Northern Jurisdiction in India
Authors: Bhatt Garima , Goel Sonu , Grover Sandeep , Kaur Nirlep , Singh Sandeep 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) continue to rise unabated globally and the existing evidence has unequivocally established the relationship between tobacco use and NCDs. In 2010 the Government of India (GOI) introduced NCD clinics under the National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardio Vascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) with the purpose of preventing and combating the NCD epidemic. This study was undertaken with an objective to comprehensively determine tobacco use and its correlates among patients attending these NCD clinics.

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 1172 patients attending NCD clinics at district level, in Punjab, India between May to October 2018. Using systematic sampling every fourth patient was interviewed and equal numbers of visits were made to both the clinics.

Results:
Overall, the current tobacco use in any form was reported to be 10.2% among the study respondents. Majority of the tobacco users were males (23.3%), in 40–49 year age group, (18.7%), residing in urban area (15%), educated up to secondary school (18%) and non-government occupation bracket (27.4%) and hypertension disease category (41.6%). More SLT users had thought of quitting in past in comparison to smokers (46.6% vs 40%) and had higher quit attempts in past (42.5% vs 38.3%). In the binary logistic regression analysis, odds of tobacco use increased with increasing age, three times higher among participants who were employed (OR 3.75; CI 1.41-10.02),6 times higher in COPD disease category (OR 6.88; CI 2.1-20.59).

Conclusion:
Higher tobacco use among the NCD clinic attendees with increasing age predisposes them to develop grave complications. This calls for the need to administer intensive behaviour change interventions for tobacco cessation at the existing NCD clinics. This could further strengthen existing health systems and thereby improving health outcomes followed by achieving Sustainable Development Goals.
Burden of malnutrition among school-going children in a slum area of Kolkata
Authors: Bhattacharyya Madhumita , Roy Soumit , Sarkar Asim , Sinha Rabindra N. , Mallick Ashok K. , Bandyopadhyay Sayanti 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Malnutrition is still a great barrier to the growth and development of children, especially in India. Children from the underprivileged sections of the society like slum children are more vulnerable to both undernutrition and overnutrition. This study aimed to estimate the magnitude of malnutrition among school-going children in a slum area of Kolkata and to elicit the association of nutritional status with parental education.

Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from November 2017 to May 2018 among 508 school-going children of 6 years to 19 years of age in slums of Chetla, Kolkata. Out of three coeducation high schools catering to those children, two schools were randomly selected. 254 participants from each school were selected using systematic random sampling. Students, unwilling to participate and/or whose parents denied providing informed written consent were excluded. After the interview by a predesigned, pretested schedule, their anthropometric examination was conducted.

Results:
Prevalence of stunting and severe stunting was present in 9.4% and 1.2% of subjects whereas the prevalence of thinness was 23.6% among them. The prevalence of overnutrition was 11%. Boys are more stunted (OR = 2.13, P = 0.013) and thin (OR = 1.73, P = 0.011) than girls. Poor parental education was significantly associated with both undernourishment (stunting and thinness) as well as overweight and obesity.

Conclusion:
Substantial burden of double malnutrition was observed among school-going slum children. Parental education had an important role to prevent malnutrition of their children. Thus, periodic growth monitoring with the strengthening of the Mid-Day Meal program and awareness generation campaigns regarding malnutrition among parents of slum children are highly needed.