bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrified bioreactors: the next power‐up for biometallurgical wastewater treatment
Authors: Ostermeyer Pieter , Bonin Luiza , Leon‐Fernandez Luis Fernando , Dominguez‐Benetton Xochitl , Hennebel Tom , Rabaey Korneel 
Published: December 2021

SummaryOver the past decades, biological treatment of metallurgical wastewaters has become commonplace. Passive systems require intensive land use due to their slow treatment rates, do not recover embedded resources and are poorly controllable. Active systems however require the addition of chemicals, increasing operational costs and possibly negatively affecting safety and the environment. Electrification of biological systems can reduce the use of chemicals, operational costs, surface footprint and environmental impact when compared to passive and active technologies whilst increasing the recovery of resources and the extraction of products. Electrification of low rate applications has resulted in the development of bioelectrochemical systems (BES), but electrification of high rate systems has been lagging behind due to the limited mass transfer, electron transfer and biomass density in BES. We postulate that for high rate applications, the electrification of bioreactors, for example, through the use of electrolyzers, may herald a new generation of electrified biological systems (EBS). In this review, we evaluate the latest trends in the field of biometallurgical and microbial‐electrochemical wastewater treatment and discuss the advantages and challenges of these existing treatment technologies. We advocate for future research to focus on the development of electrified bioreactors, exploring the boundaries and limitations of these systems, and their validity upon treating industrial wastewaters.
Introducing robot‐assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy after experience in retroperitoneal endoscopic approach: a matched propensity score analysis
Authors: Thai Minh Sam , Chau Quy Thuan , Hoang Khac Chuan , Ngo Xuan Thai , Tran Trong Tri , Nguyen Trong Hien , Thai Kinh Luan , Vu Duc Huy , Dinh Le Quy Van , Pham Duc Minh , Tiong Ho Yee , Nguyen Tuan Thanh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the safety and efficacy of introducing robotic‐assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (RALDN) to the standard retroperitoneal endoscopic donor nephrectomy (REDN).MethodsData were collected prospectively from 124 consecutive living kidney donors (93 for REDN subgroup and 31 for RALDN subgroup) from February 2018 to December 2020. Donor baseline demographics, perioperative outcomes and recipient outcomes were recorded, and these parameters were compared between the two subgroups before and after propensity‐score matching.ResultsMean age was 51.1 ± 9.1 years; 42.7% were males; mean body mass index was 22.7 ± 2.4; and there were 109 (88%) left kidneys. The following data of REDN and RALDN was, respectively, recorded: operative time (213 ± 43 versus 216 ± 39 min, p = 0.721), warm ischemic time (4.7 ± 1.2 versus 4.9 ± 1.4 min, p = 0.399), postoperative complications (5.4% versus 6.5%, p = 1), haemoglobin (g/L) drop (9.4 ± 7.2 versus 9.7 ± 6.6, p = 0.836), blood creatinine at 6 month (1.15 ± 0.23 versus 1.13 ± 0.24 mg/dL, p = 0.734) and at 1 year (1.09 ± 0.22 versus 1.17 ± 0.28 mg/dL, p = 0.591). In post‐propensity score matched analyses, there was no significant differences between the two groups including intraoperative and postoperative complications.ConclusionsRALDN could be safely introduced into a living donor program experienced in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. The outcomes of our study comparing these minimally invasive techniques are mostly similar in terms of intraoperative and postoperative outcomes for kidney donors.
The sorbent suspension reciprocating dialyzer: A wearable artificial kidney that almost was
Authors: Ash Stephen R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this History article, I describe our laboratory’s effort from 1975 to 1983 to develop a very simple, truly wearable artificial kidney. The design was radical and yet simple. Reciprocating plate dialyzer membranes pumped blood in and out of a single blood access point and also mixed a sorbent suspension outside the membranes. A problem with sorbent solubility and termination of corporate funding due to circumstances beyond our control ended the project. With some changes, the main concept was utilized in a later project, the BioLogic‐DT™ “liver dialysis” machine.
Identification of the minimum requirements for successful haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Nishi Katsuyuki , Sakamaki Taro , Sadaoka Kay , Fujii Momo , Takaori‐Kondo Akifumi , Chen James Y. , Miyanishi Masanori 
Published: December 2021

SummaryHistorically, defining haematopoietic subsets, including self‐renewal, differentiation and lineage restriction, has been elucidated by transplanting a small number of candidate cells with many supporting bone marrow (BM) cells. While this approach has been invaluable in characterising numerous distinct subsets in haematopoiesis, this approach is arguably flawed. The haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) has been proposed as the critical haematopoietic subset necessary for transplantation. However, due to the presence of supporting cells, the HSC has never demonstrated sufficiency. Utilising the homeobox B5 (Hoxb5)‐reporter system, we found that neither long‐term (LT) HSCs nor short‐term (ST) HSCs alone were sufficient for long‐term haematopoietic reconstitution. Critically, reconstitution can be rescued by transplanting combined LT‐ and ST‐HSCs, without supporting cells; a fraction we term the ‘Minimum Subset for Transplantation’ (MST). The MST accounts for only 0·005% of nucleated cells within mouse BM, and this MST can be cultured, expanded and genetically modified while preserving its rapid haematopoietic engraftment potential. These results support the consideration of an MST approach for clinical translation, especially for gene therapy approaches that require HSC compartment modification.
Thrombospondin‐1 induced programmed death‐ligand 1‐mediated immunosuppression by activating the STAT3 pathway in osteosarcoma
Authors: Liu Zhuochao , Wen Junxiang , Hu Fangqiong , Wang Jun , Hu Chuanzhen , Zhang Weibin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThrombospondin‐1 (TSP1) is generally assumed to suppress the growth of osteosarcoma through inhibiting angiogenesis; however, it is unclear whether TSP1 could affect the antitumor immunity against osteosarcoma. We aimed to explore the immune‐related tumor‐promoting effects of TSP1 and decipher its underlying mechanism. First, we identified that TSP1 regulated programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression, which was related to the CD8+ T cells anergy in osteosarcoma cells. The exact role of PD‐L1 in the immunosuppressive effect of TSP1 was then further confirmed by the addition of the PD‐L1 neutralizing Ab. With the addition of PD‐L1 neutralizing Abs during cocultivation, the inhibition of CD8+ T cells was abolished to a certain extent. Further mechanistic investigations showed that TSP1‐induced PD‐L1 upregulation was achieved by activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. In vivo experiments also indicated that TSP1 overexpression could promote the growth of primary lesions, whereas TSP1 knockdown effectively inhibits the growth of the primary lesion as well as lung metastasis by restoring the antitumor immunity. Thrombospondin‐1 knockdown combined with PD‐L1 neutralizing Ab achieved a more pronounced antitumor effect. Taken together, our study showed that TSP1 upregulates PD‐L1 by activating the STAT3 pathway and, therefore, impairs the antitumor immunity against osteosarcoma.
E‐cigarette, cannabis and combustible tobacco use: associations with xerostomia among California adolescents
Authors: Chaffee Benjamin W. , Halpern‐Felsher Bonnie , Cheng Jing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveXerostomia (subjective experience of dry mouth), while less common in younger populations, can contribute to caries and oral discomfort. Use of e‐cigarettes and cannabis among adolescents is increasing and may be a xerostomia risk factor. This study evaluates xerostomia prevalence in an adolescent population, overall and by e‐cigarette, cannabis and combustible tobacco use.MethodsCross‐sectional analyses of 12‐month follow‐up data (N=976; collected 2020–2021) from a cohort of adolescents recruited from public high schools in Northern California (USA) compared self‐reported past 30‐day e‐cigarette, cannabis and other tobacco use and dry mouth (overall dry mouth experience; shortened xerostomia inventory, SXI). Dry mouth experience (never, occasionally, frequently/always) was modelled using ordered logistic regression with school‐level clustering and adjustment for gender, race/ethnicity, alcohol use, asthma, physical activity and mutually for e‐cigarette, cannabis and tobacco use.ResultsPast 30‐day use prevalence was 12% for e‐cigarettes, 16% for cannabis and 3% for combustible tobacco. Occasional dry mouth experience (54%) was more common than frequent/always experience (5%). Frequent/always dry mouth was more prevalent among frequent (>5 days/month) e‐cigarette (14%) and cannabis (19%) users and combustible tobacco users (19%) than non‐users of those respective products (all comparisons p < 0.001). In covariable‐adjusted models, frequent e‐cigarette use was no longer significantly associated with dry mouth experience (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 0.69, 2.84), while frequent cannabis use (OR: 3.17; 95% CI: 1.47, 6.82) and combustible tobacco use (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.38, 2.68) were associated with greater odds of reporting more frequent dry mouth. Findings were qualitatively similar using the SXI.ConclusionsIn this study, xerostomia was not independently associated with e‐cigarette use but was one potential health concern of adolescent cannabis and combustible tobacco use.
Primary hyperparathyroidism in adults—(Part II) surgical management and postoperative follow‐up: Position statement of the Endocrine Society of Australia, The Australian & New Zealand Endocrine Surgeons, and The Australian & New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society
Authors: Miller Julie A. , Gundara Justin , Harper Simon , Herath Madhuni , Ramchand Sabashini K. , Farrell Stephen , Serpell Jonathan , Taubman Kim , Christie James , Girgis Christian M. , Schneider Hans G. , Clifton‐Bligh Roderick , Gill Anthony J. , De Sousa Sunita M. C. , Carroll Richard W. , Milat Frances , Grossmann Mathis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo develop evidence‐based recommendations to guide the surgical management and postoperative follow‐up of adults with primary hyperparathyroidism.MethodsRepresentatives from relevant Australian and New Zealand Societies used a systematic approach for adaptation of guidelines (ADAPTE) to derive an evidence‐informed position statement addressing eight key questions.ResultsDiagnostic imaging does not determine suitability for surgery but can guide the planning of surgery in suitable candidates. First‐line imaging includes ultrasound and either parathyroid 4DCT or scintigraphy, depending on local availability and expertise. Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is appropriate in most patients with concordant imaging. Bilateral neck exploration should be considered in those with discordant/negative imaging findings, multi‐gland disease and genetic/familial risk factors. Parathyroid surgery, especially re‐operative surgery, has better outcomes in the hands of higher volume surgeons. Neuromonitoring is generally not required for initial surgery but should be considered for re‐operative surgery. Following parathyroidectomy, calcium and parathyroid hormone levels should be re‐checked in the first 24 h and repeated early if there are risk factors for hypocalcaemia. Eucalcaemia at 6 months is consistent with surgical cure; parathyroid hormone levels do not need to be re‐checked in the absence of other clinical indications. Longer‐term surveillance of skeletal health is recommended.ConclusionsThis position statement provides up‐to‐date guidance on evidence‐based best practice surgical and postoperative management of adults with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Protected area characteristics that help waterbirds respond to climate warming
Authors: Gaget Elie , Johnston Alison , Pavón‐Jordán Diego , Lehikoinen Aleksi S. , Sandercock Brett K. , Soultan Alaaeldin , Božič Luka , Clausen Preben , Devos Koen , Domsa Cristi , Encarnação Vitor , Faragó Sándor , Fitzgerald Niamh , Frost Teresa , Gaudard Clemence , Gosztonyi Lívia , Haas Fredrik , Hornman Menno , Langendoen Tom , Ieronymidou Christina , Luigujõe Leho , Meissner Włodzimierz , Mikuska Tibor , Molina Blas , Musilová Zuzana , Paquet Jean‐Yves , Petkov Nicky , Portolou Danae , Ridzoň Jozef , Sniauksta Laimonas , Stīpniece Antra , Teufelbauer Norbert , Wahl Johannes , Zenatello Marco , Brommer Jon E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProtected area networks help species respond to climate warming. However, the contribution of a site's environmental and conservation‐relevant characteristics to these responses is not well understood. We investigated how composition of nonbreeding waterbird communities (97 species) in the European Union Natura 2000 (N2K) network (3018 sites) changed in response to increases in temperature over 25 years in 26 European countries. We measured community reshuffling based on abundance time series collected under the International Waterbird Census relative to N2K sites’ conservation targets, funding, designation period, and management plan status. Waterbird community composition in sites explicitly designated to protect them and with management plans changed more quickly in response to climate warming than in other N2K sites. Temporal community changes were not affected by the designation period despite greater exposure to temperature increase inside late‐designated N2K sites. Sites funded under the LIFE program had lower climate‐driven community changes than sites that did not received LIFE funding. Our findings imply that efficient conservation policy that helps waterbird communities respond to climate warming is associated with sites specifically managed for waterbirds.
Drink driving among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: What has been done and where to next?
Authors: Fitts Michelle S. , Burchill Richard , Wilson Scott , Palk Gavan R. , Clough Alan R. , Conigrave Katherine M. , Slade Tim , Shakeshaft Anthony , Lee K. S. Kylie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Australian Government will set the direction for addressing road safety over the next decade with its 2021–2030 National Road Safety Strategy. This road map will detail objectives and goals agreed upon by all Australian states and territories. Similar to previous national strategies, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) Australians are a high priority population. Indigenous Australians are over‐represented in serious injury and fatal road crashes, with alcohol a leading factor. Therapeutic and educational programs are a major strategy among the suite of measures designed to reduce and prevent drink driving in Australia. The release of this new strategy provides a timely opportunity to reflect on what is known about drink driving among Indigenous Australians and to consider the suitability of existing therapeutic and educational drink driving programs for Indigenous Australian contexts. Here, we summarise factors that contribute to drink driving in this population and identify outstanding knowledge gaps. Then, we present an overview of drink driving programs available for Indigenous Australians along with suggestions for why tailored programs are needed to suit local contexts. The response to address drink driving among Indigenous Australians has been fragmented Australia‐wide. A coordinated national response, with ongoing monitoring and evaluation, would improve policy effectiveness and inform more efficient allocation of resources. Together this information can help create suitable and effective drink driving programs for Indigenous drivers and communities Australia‐wide.
Contextual challenges of smart city implementation in Mashhad, Iran's second‐largest metropolis
Authors: Alizadeh Bazrafshan Navidreza , Kharazmi Omid Ali 
Published: December 2021

SummaryMotivationSmart cities can develop cutting‐edge technology and innovative solutions and policies to improve urban life. Like other emerging phenomena, smart cities need to address several contextual challenges. Their implementation in low‐ and lower‐ middle‐income countries (L&LMICs) has characteristics that policy‐makers might consider to improve contextual conditions in their strategies.PurposeThe article identifies the interconnected obstacles that hinder the implementation of a smart city in Mashhad, Iran's second‐largest metropolis, and offers a comprehensive framework to address these.Methods and approachThe study used a qualitative research methodology. Due to the exploratory nature of the research, 15 semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted with experts on the smart city in the municipality, the city council, and Mashhad universities. Grounded theory method (GTM) was deployed to develop the research framework.FindingsAfter analysing the data, eight themes and 29 sub‐themes within three categories were classified, showing that Mashhad faces numerous challenges in the implementation of a smart city, which call for practical policies and measures regarding institutional structure (such as lack of co‐ordination among stakeholders and legal gaps), urban infrastructure (such as cost of implementation and privacy) and human concerns.Policy implicationsThe socio‐cultural, economic, political, and even ecological conditions of cities can influence the success of smart city policies, so each city will face a different set of challenges.
Multilevel political connections and nonprofit revenues under authoritarianism: Evidence from Chinese foundations
Authors: Wang Qun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnder authoritarianism, nonprofits establish formal political connections at the organizational level when they are affiliated with the state or at the individual level when they have government officials assume managerial positions. From the perspective of multilevel interorganizational relations, this article uses a sample of Chinese foundations to investigate the association of the two levels of political connections and their interactions with a wide range of nonprofit revenues. The results report no positive relationship between individual political connections and nonprofit revenues and quite limited evidence that above relationship is positively moderated by organizational political connections. At the organizational level, politically connected foundations may receive more government grants and domestic and overseas donations than civic foundations, depending on which type of agencies they are affiliated with—government or quasi‐government. The results imply authoritarian states may shift toward institutionalized measures to manage nonprofits and reduce the involvement of government officials to ensure policy consolidation.
Childhood obesity within the lens of racism
Authors: Browne Nancy T. , Hodges Eric A. , Small Leigh , Snethen Julia A. , Frenn Marilyn , Irving Sharon Y. , Gance‐Cleveland Bonnie , Greenberg Cindy Smith 
Published: December 2021

SummaryDespite decades of research and a multitude of prevention and treatment efforts, childhood obesity in the United States continues to affect nearly 1 in 5 (19.3%) children, with significantly higher rates among Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour communities. This narrative review presents social foundations of structural racism that exacerbate inequity and disparity in the context of childhood obesity. The National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities' Research Framework guides the explication of structurally racist mechanisms that influence health disparities and contribute to childhood obesity: biologic and genetic, health behaviours, chronic toxic stress, the built environment, race and cultural identity, and the health care system. Strategies and interventions to combat structural racism and its effects on children and their families are reviewed along with strategies for research and implications for policy change. From our critical review and reflection, the subtle and overt effects of societal structures sustained from years of racism and the impact on the development and resistant nature of childhood obesity compel concerted action.
Diagnosis and management of primary central nervous system lymphoma: a consensus practice statement from the Australasian Lymphoma Alliance
Authors: Keane Colm , Hamad Nada , Barraclough Allison , Lee Yoo Y. , Talaulikar Dipti , Ku Matthew , Wight Joel , Tatarczuch Maciej , Swain Fiona , Gregory Gareth P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrimary central nervous system lymphoma is a clinicopathological disease entity that accounts for 1% of all non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Advanced patient age, adverse disease biology and complexities of diagnosis and treatment render outcomes markedly inferior to systemic NHL. Despite this, an increasing evidence base, including limited randomised controlled clinical trial data, is informing optimal therapeutic strategies with methotrexate‐based induction chemotherapy schedules and intensified consolidation in selected patients. This practice statement represents an evidence‐based review of the literature and has been devised to assist healthcare professionals in the diagnosis and management of this disease.
Engage me: Learners' expectancies and teachers' efforts in designing effective online classes
Authors: Schmitz Birgit , Hanke Katja 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 lockdown forced students and teachers to adjust to remote lecturers and digital learning material and design criteria for online classes became the centre of discussion.ObjectivesThe purpose of this empirical study was to investigate the relationship between design principles of educational online practices in higher education and students' active engagement in the online learning process.MethodsA total of 127 students participated in the study after their first semester of fully online classes resulting from the COVID‐19 lockdown. The online classes enabled real‐time communication and allowed for the creation of professional learning communities or the collaborative creation of content, for example. To evaluate the classes and to indicate perceived student learning, the study applied scales for measuring academic student engagement, as well as the four distinct factors for assessing online teaching effectiveness.Results and ConclusionsBivariate correlational analysis suggested that the two design elements Time on Task (TT) and Active Learning (AL) are related to emotional engagement at a meaningful level thus influencing student commitment and class activities. The results further indicated that TT and AL are significant design elements in relation to perceived usefulness and students' perceived learning.ImplicationsThe results may identify effective means to support and enhance student engagement in online settings, thus improving the quality of online teaching and learning.