bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comment on “The Digitization of Photographic Spectra in the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory Plate Collection with Commercial Scanners: A Pilot Study” (2024, AJ, 167, 249) by T. J. Davidge
Authors: Griffin R. E. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The paper by T. J. Davidge (2024, AJ, 167, 249) describes experiments to digitize and interpret the digitization of photographic spectra of the bright A0 dwarf Vega using a high-end, flat-bed commercial scanner. While a flat-bed scanner achieves a huge gain in speed compared with what the purpose-built microdensitometer PDS could accomplish, his paper does not offer convincing benefits of the science which methods such as his could produce. This “Comment” explains the important issues that have been identified, and concludes that all is neither as trivial nor as simple as Davidge suggests.
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Evaluation of Complicated Pseudophakia
Authors: Thakkar Hansa , Mittal Kopal 
Published: December 2024

Aim:
To evaluate the role of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in assessment of eyes with complicated pseudophakia.

Material and methods:
A prospective investigational study was conducted from May 2006 to May 2009 on 150 pseudophakic patients with post operative visual acuity of less than 3 meters. All 150 patients were subjected to UBM examination (50MHz) for intra ocular lens (IOL) position, optic and haptic touch, lens remnants, corneal thickness, anterior chamber (AC) depth and signs of inflammation. Patients with paediatric cataract, traumatic cataract, pre existing ocular diseases, post operativeendophthalmitis and IOL explantations were excluded from the study.

Results:
Out of 150 patients, 82 (54.6%) were males and 68 (45.4%) were females with the age ranging from 24 to 93 years. Right eye was affected in less number of patients, RE: LE being 60:90. UBM revealed corneal edema in 98 (65.3%), shallow AC in 60 (40%), IOL malposition in 83 (55.5%), optic capture in 41 (27.3%), optic and haptic touch in 65 (43%), residual lens matter in 48 (32%), signs of inflammation in 34 (22%), pupil block in 19 (12.6%) and iris bombe in 16 (10%) of the patients. Descemet's tear was noted in 4 (2.6%) of patients.

Conclusion:
UBM is an important tool for evaluation of complicated pseudophakia. It helps to explain the aetiology of complication and hence guides for further management.
Advantages of Intraocular Lens Implantation in Ringer Lactate without Viscoelastic Substance in Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Singh Pranay , Prakash Ajay , Shah Rahul P , Bhagde Suraj 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To study the advantages of using ringer lactate instead of viscoelastic substance for implantation of intraocular lens (IOL) in small incision cataract surgery (SICS).

Methods:
A prospective, randomized, interventional study was performed in which 100 patients of senile cataract were included. The patients were randomly divided in two groups; one in whom IOL was implanted in ringer lactate (ringer group) and other in which viscoelastic substance HydroxypropylMethylcellulose (visco group) was used for implantation of IOL. The outcome was evaluated on safety, efficacy, postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), postoperative reaction, endothelial cell count and surgical time.

Results:
The mean post operative IOP at 6, 24 and 48 hrs in ringer lactate group was 16.02,13.46 and12.44 mmHg and in viscoelastic group 22.24, 17.32 and 13.84 mmHg respectively. The difference between the groups was significant (p value <0.0001). The mean post operative reaction at 24 and 48 hrs in ringer group was 1.48 and 0.72 and in visco group 1.56 and 1.08 respectively (p value < 0.0001). Regarding position of IOLs, the two groups were comparable (odds ratio: 0.32; p value >.05). The mean endothelial cell loss in visco group was 143.56 cells (6.08%), and in ringer group it was 210.68 cells (8.9%) (p= 0.055). The mean surgical time in visco group was 6.01 ± 0.93 minutes and in ringer group, the same was 5.08± 0.76 minutes (p value < 0.0001). There was no intra-operative complication in any group.

Conclusion:
A small modification in one step of SICS can significantly control spikes of IOP with significantly lesser post operative reaction. With some experience, implantation of IOL in the bag under a continuous irrigation of ringer lactate is safe, accurate and less time consuming method without any significant extra loss of endothelial cells.
Edge Light Pupil Cycle Time as A Measure of Optic Nerve Function
Authors: Goyal J L , Malik Sarmi , Jain Parul , Arora Ritu 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To study pupil cycle time (PCT) in Indian subjects and compare the data with other relevant studies

Methods:
Fifty subjects from the outpatient department of Guru Nanak Eye Centre were included and evaluated. Pupil cycle time was recorded using a slit lamp and stopwatch as per the method described by Miller and Thompson.

Results:
The mean value of pupil cycle time in our study was 1070 ms. This value was higher than the values given by earlier studies. The reason for the higher value of PCT could not be ascertained.lt could be attributed to the fact that Indian eyes are more pigmented than their Caucasian counterparts and probably the contractility of the iris sphincter is less.

Conclusion:
PCT has been found to be higher in Indian eyes as compared to their Caucasian counterparts. It is essential to determine normal values for this optic nerve function in order to detect abnormal changes in the optic nerve function.
A Comparative Study of Topical Dexamethasone 0.1% and Topical Nepafenac 0.1% Ophthalmic Solutions in Cataract Patients Undergoing Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Malik VK , Singh Sonali , Malik KPS , Jain Kriti , Kumar Sanjeev , Jain Charu , Sharma Sanjay 
Published: December 2024

Aim:
To study the effect of topical dexamethasone 0.1% and topical nepafenac 0.1% ophthalmic solutions in cataract patients, undergoing manual small incision cataract surgery.

Method:
The effect of nepafenac 0.1% following cataract surgery was studied and compared to routine corticosteroid, dexamethasone 0.1% in a randomized prospective clinical trial. Both groups were similar in baseline parameters. Postoperative inflammatory response, intraocular pressure, corneal thickness following manual small incision cataract extraction were assessed in both groups in the initial 8 weeks and the severity of these were graded at 1, 2, 7, 28 and 56 days. Intraocular pressure, anterior chamber reaction, corneal thickness at baseline and endpoint were compared and statistically analyzed.

Results:
The two groups did not differ much in treatment effect for any of the variables. However there seemed to be a little increase in IOP and not very significant reduction in corneal thickness with dexamethasone.

Conclusion:
Topical nepafenac is as effective as topical dexamethasone and can be used as an alternative in routine postoperative treatment following cataract surgery.
Incidence of Ocular Complications of Orbital Regional Anaesthesia
Authors: Farooq S.M. , Keng M.Q. , Khan Shabana , Dar Ahsan , Khan Afroz A. 
Published: December 2024

Complications following orbital regional anesthesia are rare, but can occur following both needle and blunt cannula (sub tenon) techniques. Each technique has its own risk/benefit profile and ophthalmologist must be prepared to deal with these rare but serious complications. These complications can range from minor effects to sight threatening complications.

Method
An observational study of practice of local anaesthesia(LA) in the deptt. of ophthalmology Govt. Medical college Srinagar J&K was conducted over one year. Doctors administering LA and surgeon operating were asked to report the complications while administering LA and while operating as per the set proforma.

Results
Maximum number of complications reported were minor complications while as only 4 major complications were reported i.e retrobulbar haemorrhage which occurred with peribulbar anesthesia only.

Conclusion
Sharp needle peribulbar block is associated with major complications which could threaten vision, while as subtenon and topical anesthesia results in only minor complications and thus are safer.
Clinical presentation and outcomes following posterior segment IOFB
Authors: Bhattacharjee Harsha , Deka Satyen , Barman Manab Jyoti , Soibam Ronel , Barthakur Sumita S , Jain Lokesh 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To review the clinical features, causes of injury, types of foreign bodies, results of vitrectomy and prognostic factors in patients with posterior segment intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB).

Methods:
Study design: Retrospective review of clinical records. Study participants: 108 consecutive patients with posterior segment IOFB presenting at the study hospital between 1994 and 2007; and treated with IOFB removal by intraocular forceps or electromagnet or combination of the two following vitrectomy. Outcome measures: Clinical presentations, investigations, surgical techniques, final anatomical and visual status and duration of follow up. Statistical analysis: Chi-squared test.

Results:
The commonest presenting feature was uniocular visual loss. Work place injuries while chiseling and hammering (67.5%, n=73) without protective eyewear were the commonest. Metallic IOFBs were significantly common at 77.16% (n=98). IOFBs were removed using intraocular magnet (74%, n=80), intraocular forceps (18.5%, n=20) or a combination of the two (7.4%, n=8). Final visual acuity of ≥20/120 was achieved in 32.4% (n=35) cases. Presence of Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD) (p<0.001), posterior segment haemorrhage (p<0.001) and Retinal Detachment (RD) (p=0.045) at presentation implied bad prognosis.

Conclusions:
IOFBs were mostly occupational and preventable. Cases presenting with RAPD, posterior segment haemorrhage and RD had bad visual prognosis.
Red blood cell alloimmunization among transfusion-dependent thalassemia major patients in Northeastern Iran
Authors: Mobasheri Leila , Chahkandi Tayyebeh , Talebpour Amir , Sarab Gholamreza Anani 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Thalassemia is one of the most common congenital hemoglobinopathies globally. Regular red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is of paramount importance in the treatment of thalassemia patients. However, this practice increases the risk of alloimmunization. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of RBC antibodies among multiple-transfused thalassemic patients in southern Khorasan, the eastern side of Iran.

METHODS:
For the purpose of screening unexpected antibodies, blood samples of 68 β-thalassemia major patients were investigated. After determining positive cases through screening phase, the process of antibody identification was carried out using reagent cells.

RESULTS:
The overall rate of alloimmunization was 2.9%, and the most frequent clinically important alloantibodies were anti-Kell and anti-Rh systems. Anti-K was detected in one of the patients. Furthermore, the simultaneous occurrence of anti-E and anti-C was seen in another study subject.

CONCLUSION:
A number of factors might have contributed to the low alloimmunization rate detected in this study, including the homogeneity of the population in South Khorasan, well-matched donors for those patients, first transfusion at an early age, and the use of leukodepleted blood.
Determinants of mortality after massive transfusion - A prospective study
Authors: Venugopal Divya , Innah Susheela Jacob , Rafi Aboobacker Mohamed , Bhaskaran Ramesh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:
Massive hemorrhage calls for massive transfusions (MTs) to maintain adequate hemostasis. Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) are the appropriate treatment strategy for such patients replacing conventional use of crystalloids. These help in standardizing and optimizing the delivery of blood components in a well-balanced ratio.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES:
The aim of the study is to propose an ideal ratio of blood components for MTP after assessing relationship between ratios of blood components transfused and mortality.

METHODOLOGY:
MT was defined as receiving >4 packed red blood cell (PRBC) units within 1 h with the anticipation of continued need for blood products. All MT patients above 13 years of age regardless of cause of bleed were included in the study from December 2015 to October 2017 accounting for a total of 61 patients. Subgroup categorization of study population was done, and physician-driven ratios of the blood components were calculated for each case. The ratios were grouped as high (>1), equal (=1), and low (<1) ratios of fresh frozen plasma (FFP):PRBC and platelet: PRBC, and the relationship of these ratios to the clinical outcome in terms of mortality was examined.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Sixty-one patients underwent MT of which the overall hospital mortality rate was 8.1% with 100% mortality among patients with penetrating trauma followed by 25% with gastrointestinal bleed. Emergency admission was an independent risk factor for mortality. Hypotension before the initiation of MT was detrimental for survival. Efficient communication existed between the treating physicians and transfusion. Majority of survivors received equal ratios of FFP: PRBC and platelet: PRBC, and all nonsurvivors received low ratios of FFP: PRBC. Analysis was statistically indicating better survival with 1:1:1 ratio of PRBC: FFP: platelet.

CONCLUSION:
The need of the hour is to establish an institutional MTP and ensure compliance with the same. A prospective randomized controlled trial needs to be done to overcome the limitations and confounders of the present study and establish a universal protocol.
Evaluating platelet concentrates by platelet indices, thromboelastography, and flow cytometry
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Tapasyapreeti , Subramanian Arulselvi , Albert Venencia , Kumar Anand , Sehgal Tushar , Karjee Sulekha , Pati Harprasad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:
Platelet transfusion has been therapeutically used in patients with thrombocytopenia and platelet function defects over the years. The use of advanced techniques may add value in assessing the quality of platelet products. The aim of the study was to assess stored platelet concentrates (PCs) prepared in blood banks for platelet indices, clot strength, and platelet function.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Apart from the routine quality check parameters (platelet count, volume, pH, swirling, and sterility), 24-h-old PCs derived by the platelet-rich plasma method (PRP-PC) were prospectively assessed for various platelet indices using hematology analyzer and clot strength using thromboelastography (TEG). Platelet function (platelet activation and aggregation) was assessed using flow cytometry and compared with freshly prepared PRP.

RESULTS:
A total of 43 PRP-PCs that were analyzed had a mean volume of 69.1 ± 5.1 mL, a pH of 6.8 ± 0.3, and a platelet count of 738.8 ± 312.9 × 103 cells/μL. Swirling was present in all. The platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume, platelet-large cell ratio, plateletcrit, and immature platelet fraction were 9.4 ± 2.7 fL, 8.7 ± 1.2 fL, 16.9% ± 8.9%, 0.6% ± 0.3%, and 4.4% ± 3.9%, respectively. The r-time, k-time, alpha angle, and maximum amplitude were 15 ± 0.3 min, 2.1 ± 0.4 min, 65.2° ± 2.3°, and 76.1 ± 10.1 mm, respectively. Delayed clot initiation and higher clot strength were observed in in 60% (n = 21) and 71.4% (n = 25) of products, respectively Platelet activation of PRP-PC was significantly lower than PRP (0.4 [0.1%–42%] vs. 10.5 [0.8%–32.4%]; P = 0.002). However, platelet aggregation of PRP-PC was significantly higher than PRP (62.0 [26.7%–88.7%] vs. 33.4 [4.9%–55.8%]; P = 0.003).

CONCLUSION:
Platelet indices, TEG, and flow cytometry analysis provides useful information to assess the quality of PCs. However, the variable effects of processing and storage on platelet activity need further exploration.
Hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn due to maternal AlloAnti-S antibody
Authors: Iyyapan Suresh Kumar , Annadurai Hari Haran , Thangavel Gokhula Prasath , Natesan Hemamalini 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hemolytic disease of foetus and newborn (HDFN) is a disease characterized by the destruction of fetal red cells by the maternal antibodies which occurs due to allo immunization in the mother by feto-maternal blood group incompatibility.The antibodies most frequently implicated in HDFN may vary depending on the demographic location under consideration. In areas where RhIg administration is available, ABO antibodies are more commonly implicated. Following ABO antibodies, anti-RhD antibodies which are of IgG type are more commonly implicated in causing HDFN. HDFN caused by other Rh system antibodies namely anti-C, anti-c, anti-E, anti- e, MNS, KEL, FY, JK, and DI systems is less frequent. We have reported one such rare case of Hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn due to Anti--S. During the routine antenatal screening for irregular antibodies, using antibody identification cell panel BIO-RAD (ID Diapanel 11x4) which belongs to lot number (06171.47.x – 06271.47.x), anti-S was identified in the mother serum. The baby was non-hydropic at birth with an increase in bilirubin which required high-intensity phototherapy.
Evaluation of two methods for counting residual leukocytes in leukoreduced packed red cells: Flow cytometry and fully automated cell counter
Authors: Shah Mamta , Bhatnagar Nidhi , Shah Sangita , Pandav Falguni , Shah Hetali , Dixit Anupa , Shetty Trupti , Admane Pushkar , Lath Ankur , Suvasia Prakash 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Objective of the study is to explore the possibility of utilization of seven part fully automated hematology analyzer for enumeration of residual leukocytes (residual white blood cells [rWBCs]) in leukoreduced packed red cells (LR-PRCs) prepared from whole blood at a blood center as an alternate to the gold standard method, flow cytometry. In this study, we evaluate the performance characteristic of hematology analyzer against flow cytometry for the estimation of rWBCs in 39 LR-PRC units.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
PRCs prepared from whole blood donations by 39 donors were leukoreduced and their volumes were noted. The samples from these LR-PRCs were processed on HORIBA Yumizen H2500 hematology analyzer and Backman Coulter DxFlex (B5R3V5) Flow Cytometer and compared.

RESULTS:
A total of 39 LR-PRCs were analyzed. The average volume of these LR-PRC units was 252 mL ranging from 227 to 285 mL/bag. The average rWBC count for all LR-PRC units as per flowcytometry method was 3.1 × 106/bag. There were 5 LR-PRC units with rWBC count more than 5 × 106/bag which did not fulfill the minimum quality control criteria of LR-PRCs as per the Indian standards (DGHS).

CONCLUSION:
The new generation fully automated hematology analyzers could be simple, reliable, economical, and practically best method for assessing the efficacy of leukoreduction in LR-PRCs. They can be adopted by resource-constrained blood centers as an alternative to flow cytometry for this purpose. It can be practically applied to check the quality of leukoreduction in all blood component samples before release from blood center for transfusion to the patients.
Automated red cell exchange in sickle cell disease patients: Retrospective analysis of series of cases in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Kanungo Girijanandini , Nagrath Priyanka , Samal Priyanka , Mishra Santosh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Red cell exchange is important to treat acutely ill sickle cell patients, but it is time-consuming. An automated red cell exchange technique using cell separators developed by different manufacturers helps in removal of sickled hemoglobin and improving blood viscosity. The use of these cell separators permits automated red cell exchange to be performed safely and smoothly with the isovolemic hemodilution. The retrospective analysis of seven cases for automated red cell exchange was performed in IMS and SUM Hospital from September, 2019 to July 2021. One procedure was performed on COBE Spectra Apheresis System and the rest six using Spectra Optia Apheresis System. These procedures were performed on the patients and the decision to perform these procedures was based on clinical indications for red cell exchange following the ASFA guidelines 2019. After only one procedure, all the patients have their sickle hemoglobin reduced to a safe level. End hematocrit was observed to be 33% in three cases, 31.9% in one case, and 30% in the rest three. A total number of red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion in all the cases were 7, 6, 8, 5, 6, 7, and 7 with an average hematocrit of 55%, 56%, 54%, 56%, 55%, 51.7%, and 52.2%, respectively. All the patients partially phenotypically matched, leukoreduced, gamma-irradiated, fresh packed RBCs were provided. Automated red cell exchange came out to be successful in reducing the symptoms along with the improvement in laboratory parameters. New-generation automated apheresis equipment like Spectra Optia, the case series provides better monitoring and also reduces apheresis-related complications.
Evaluating the economic viability of hepatitis E virus serological screening among blood donors: A prospective study from India for advancing blood safety
Authors: Singson Sangthang , Shastry Shamee , Somu G. , Chawla Kiran 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) stands out as a significant transfusion-transmissible infection, yet it is not included in the screening protocols of many countries. The present study was conducted to assess the cost-benefit implications of incorporating HEV screening among blood donors which is one of the preventive strategies in reducing transfusion transmissible HEV.

METHODOLOGY:
A decision tree model was prepared to assist the cost-benefit analysis. The serological screening cost of HEV was estimated based with fixed and variable cost. The cost of illness was estimated with direct and indirect cost. Net present value (NPV) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was used to measure the economic variability of screening HEV among the blood donors.

RESULTS:
The unit cost of HEV IgM antibody screening is 1000 INR, and the unit cost of illness due to HEV infection is INR 80,122. The NPV and BCR is INR 6,73,001 and 1.7:1 for the probable transfusion-transmitted HEV infection that was averted by the screening of HEV among the blood donors.

CONCLUSION:
Considering the risk of probable HEV transmission through blood transfusion, the study suggests that screening HEV among the blood donors is beneficial in averting transfusion-transmitted HEV infection.