bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Vaginal Microbiota With Signs and Symptoms of the Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause Across Reproductive Stages
Authors: Shardell Michelle , Gravitt Patti E , Burke Anne E , Ravel Jacques , Brotman Rebecca M 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) describes signs and symptoms resulting from effects of estrogen deficiency on the female genitourinary tract, including the vagina, labia, urethra, and bladder. Signs/symptoms associated with GSM may occur during any reproductive stage from multiple etiologies but are most common during menopause due to low estrogen. Vaginal microbiota, particularly Lactobacillus spp., are beneficial to the female genital tract; however, their abundance declines during menopause. We aimed to longitudinally assess vaginal microbiota characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and GSM-associated endpoints across reproductive stages. In a 2-year cohort study of 750 women aged 35–60 years at enrollment and 2 111 semiannual person-visits, low-Lactobacillus vaginal microbiota communities were observed at 21.2% (169/798), 22.9% (137/597), and 49.7% (356/716) of person-visits among pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women, respectively (p &lt; .001). Compared to communities that have high Gardnerella vaginalis relative abundance and diverse anaerobes, the following communities were associated with a lower covariate-adjusted odds of vaginal atrophy: L crispatus-dominated communities among postmenopausal women (odds ratio [OR] = 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08, 0.81), L gasseri/L jensenii (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.94) and L iners (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.85) among perimenopausal women, and L iners-dominated communities (OR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.76) among premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women with L gasseri/L jensenii-dominated communities had the lowest odds of vaginal dryness (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.12, 1.06) and low libido (OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.74). Findings for urinary incontinence were inconsistent. Associations of vaginal microbiota with GSM signs/symptoms are most evident after menopause, suggesting an avenue for treatment and prevention.
Diagnoses of Chronic Health Conditions and Change in Subjective Age: The Moderating Role of Chronological Age
Authors: Prasad Anyah , Miller Edward Alan , Burr Jeffrey A , Boerner Kathrin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Health is a predictor of subjective age, and although inconclusive, the strength of this association is not uniform across different age groups. This study investigates if new diagnoses of chronic health conditions are associated with a change in subjective age and if chronological age moderates this relationship.

Research Design and Methods
Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, residualized change regression analysis was performed for a sample of 5,158 respondents older than 50 years to examine their subjective age in 2014 relative to that reported in 2010. The main predictor was the number of chronic health conditions newly diagnosed between 2010 and 2014. Chronological age in 2010 was the moderator.

Results
Results showed that each new diagnosis of a chronic health condition was significantly associated with a 0.68-year increase in subjective age reported in 2014, compared to subjective age reported in 2010. However, this increase in subjective age was attenuated by 0.05 years for each additional year in 2010 chronological age.

Discussion and Implications
According to Social and Temporal Comparison theories, people compare themselves to their age peers and earlier selves. Given expectations for better health at younger chronological ages, being diagnosed with chronic health conditions may have a stronger association with subjective age among middle-aged persons when compared with older persons. The findings suggest that subjective age may be used as a screening tool to predict how chronic disease diagnosis may influence peoples’ sense of self, which in turn shapes future health.
Lamellar magnetism and exchange bias in billion-year-old metamorphic titanohematite with nanoscale ilmenite exsolution lamellae – III. Atomic-magnetic basis for experimental results
Authors: Robinson Peter , McEnroe S A , Harrison R J , Fabian K , Heidelbach F , Jackson M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Lamellar magnetism is a source of remanent magnetization in natural rocks different from common bulk magnetic moments in ferrimagnetic minerals. It has been found to be a source for a wide class of magnetic anomalies with extremely high Koenigsberger ratio. Its physical origin are uncompensated interface moments in contact layers of nanoscale ilmenite lamellae inside an hematite host, which also generate unusual low-temperature (low-T) magnetic properties, such as shifted low-T hysteresis loops due to exchange bias.
The atomic-magnetic basis for the exchange bias discovered in the hematite-ilmenite system is explored in a series of papers. In this third article of the series, simple models are developed for lamellae interactions of different structures when samples are either cooled in zero-field, or field-cooled in 5 T to temperatures below the ordering temperature of ilmenite. These models are built on the low-temperature measurements described earlier in Paper II. The important observations include: (i) the effects of lamellar shapes on magnetic coupling, (ii) the high-T acquisition of lamellar magnetism and low-T acquisition of magnetization of ilmenite lamellae, (iii) the intensity of lamellar magnetism and the consequent ilmenite magnetism in populations of randomly oriented crystals, (iv) lattice-preferred orientation of the titanohematite host crystal populations and (v) the effects of magnetic domain walls in the host on hysteresis properties. Based on exemplary growth models of lamellae with different geometries and surface couplings we here provide simple models to assess and explain the different observations listed above. Already the simplified models show that the shapes of the edges of ilmenite lamellae against their hematite hosts can control the degree of low-T coupling between ilmenite, and the lamellar magnetic moments. The models also explain certain features of the low-T exchange bias in the natural samples and emphasize the role of lattice-preferred orientation upon the intensity of remanent magnetization. The inverse link between ilmenite remanence and exchange-bias shift in bimodal low-T ilmenite lamellae is related to different densities of hematite domain walls induced by the clusters of ilmenite lamellae.
Disequilibrium macroeconometrics
Authors: Juselius Katarina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInspired by the paper by Guzman and Stiglitz (2020, ‘Towards a dynamic disequilibrium theory with randomness,’ NBER Working Paper 27453), this article shows that cointegrated VAR (CVAR) analyses have for many years provided empirical underpinnings for most of the topics discussed in that paper. The CVAR takes the nonstationarity of economic data seriously; it allows explicitly for complex adjustment dynamics in the short run and the long run; it is able to describe self-reinforcing feedback mechanisms leading to multiple equilibria; it is able to handle extraordinary shocks to the system whether they are exogenously or endogenously induced; and it is able to accommodate sizeable crisis periods such as the Great Recession. The article discusses these issues and many more from a methodological, econometric, and empirical point of view and illustrates the ideas with an application to the Phillips curve with a Phelpsian natural rate based on US data.
The pleasure of writing, being published, appealing to readers, and contributing to the advancement of knowledge
Authors: Legendre Louis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this Food for Thought, I use my experience of writing scientific publications to stress some aspects of the process that were especially significant for me, and from which I try to derive some general suggestions. These aspects include strong interactions (co-evolution) between paper writing and some of my research directions; the pleasure of writing with co-authors; writing as a tool of scientific creativity; long scientific quests through several publications; the importance of writing books, if possible starting early in the career; being published, reaching readers, and contributing to the advancement of knowledge; and giving in to the pleasure of writing. I explain that I often seized unexpected opportunities that led me to develop ideas and write publications that influenced the course of my career, but I do not necessarily suggest that anyone proceed as I did. My motivation was the enjoyment of exploring new topics, and I wholeheartedly recommend that everyone give in to the pleasure of writing.
New modeling approach for 4D printing by using kinetic components
Authors: Choi Woorim , Kim Dahong , Lee Sungjae , Lee Yong-Gu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The use of smart materials in three-dimensional (3D) printing incorporates a temporal dimension to the printed object in a technique that is aptly named four-dimensional (4D) printing. In most 4D designs, the smart material is used for the whole body of the object and the final configurations can be predicted with the aid of simulations. The motions of smart materials are non-linear and computationally expensive to predict even through advanced numerical solvers. To enable the ease of integration of smart materials to 3D printing, we introduce (i) standardized kinetic components made of smart materials that exhibit basic mechanical motions, such as bending and twisting, to be used as active components for mechanical assemblies with rigid parts; (ii) an open kinetic library concept where anyone can download data on kinetic components to use in their designs, as well as upload and share their own; and (iii) simulations based on the empirical method using the kinetic components in the assembly. We provide two design implementations that utilize the standardized kinetic components: an icosahedron and a mounting platform.
An empirical study of large, human biobanks: intellectual property policies and financial conditions for access
Authors: Jordan Matthew , Liddicoat Johnathon , Liddell Kathleen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Biobanks are repositories that collect, store and distribute large quantities of biological samples and associated data (collectively called biobank `material'). Although biobanks have different modes of operation, all face a variety of similar challenges. Some of these challenges, such as donor consent and privacy, have been rigorously debated, but comparatively less attention has been paid to biobanks' intellectual property (IP) practices. IP rights (particularly patents) are integral to the translation of research into clinically relevant outcomes and, therefore, are key features in the business models of many biobanks. As a foundation for such research, commentators have identified five IP clauses of interest: (i) non-obstruction clauses; (ii) march-in clauses; (iii) grant-back clauses; (iv) return-of-results clauses and (v) reach-through clauses (also commonly called `reach-through rights'). In the limited literature that discusses the five clauses, commentators have largely debated their advantages and disadvantages in the abstract. The IP terms that biobanks actually use have not been empirically examined, apart from some small case studies. In particular, no industry-wide evidence exists on three points of biobanks' IP practice: (i) if and how biobanks implement these five types of IP clauses, (ii) whether any norms or standards have emerged, and (iii) whether the norms and standards align with commentators' recommendations for using the five IP clauses. To address these three gaps, the authors conducted a systematic, global survey of the IP clauses used by large, human biobanks. The results indicate that biobanks draft bespoke policies to meet their own needs, and probably do so without knowledge of the gamut of IP terms available. This study also revealed that, in general, biobanks are using IP terms differently from the advice of the commentators. On reviewing the differences, we encourage the use of march-in and grant-back clauses, discourage biobanks from using redundant non-obstruction clauses, and call for more research on return-of-results clauses. We also encourage the use of reach-through clauses to claim royalties (not IP), but only in limited circumstances; for example, where user access fees do not cover a biobanks' operational costs.
Ecogeographic variation and taxonomic boundaries in Large Treeshrews (Scandentia, Tupaiidae:Tupaia tanaRaffles, 1821) from Southeast Asia
Authors: Juman Maya M , Woodman Neal , Olson Link E , Sargis Eric J 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Large Treeshrew, Tupaia tana Raffles, 1821, is a small mammal (~205 g) from Southeast Asia with a complicated taxonomic history. Currently, 15 subspecies are recognized from Borneo, Sumatra, and smaller islands, and many were originally differentiated based on minor pelage differences and small sample sizes. We explored intraspecific variation in T. tana using quantitative osteological data obtained from the hands and skulls of museum specimens. Multivariate analyses reveal extensive overlap among T. tana populations in morphospace, indicating that the majority of currently recognized subspecies are not morphometrically distinct. In contrast, the separation between Bornean and Sumatran populations of T. tana is sufficient to recognize them as different subspecies. Comparisons of Bornean specimens to those on small, offshore islands reveal that the latter average smaller body size. This pattern is inconsistent with Foster’s island rule, which predicts that island populations of small mammals (&lt; 5 kg) will average larger body size relative to mainland forms. A similar lack of support for ecogeographic rules has been noted in T. glis (Diard, 1820), suggesting that these “rules” are poor predictors of geographic variation in treeshrews.
Primary localized amyloidosis causing urethral stricture disease: a mimicker of urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Singh Jas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We describe a case of mild lower urinary tract symptoms and microscopic hematuria in a 53-year-old-male with hypertension found to have urethral stricture disease suspicious for urothelial carcinoma. During the investigation, cystoscopy and biopsy demonstrated eosinophilic amyloid proteins consistent with primary localized urethral amyloidosis. No systemic evidence of amyloidosis was demonstrated. Following a trial of conservative management with serial dilatations, the patient elected to proceed with surgical management by anterior urethroplasty using an excision and primary anastomosis technique. The patient has done well with resolution of his symptoms and no further recurrence of urethral amyloid disease at ongoing follow up.
Search for gas accretion imprints in voids: II. The galaxy Ark 18 as a result of a dwarf–dwarf merger
Authors: Egorova Evgeniya S , Egorov Oleg V , Moiseev Alexei V , Saburova Anna S , Grishin Kirill A , Chilingarian Igor V 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The low-mass low-surface brightness (LSB) disc galaxy Arakelian 18 (Ark 18) resides in the Eridanus void and because of its isolation represents an ideal case to study the formation and evolution mechanisms of such a galaxy type. Its complex structure consists of an extended blue LSB disc and a bright central elliptically shaped part hosting a massive off-centred star-forming clump. We present the in-depth study of Ark 18 based on observations with the SCORPIO-2 long-slit spectrograph and a scanning Fabry–Perot interferometer at the Russian 6-m telescope complemented by archival multiwavelength images and SDSS spectra. Ark 18 appears to be a dark matter dominated gas-rich galaxy without a radial metallicity gradient. The observed velocity field of the ionized gas is well described by two circularly rotating components moderately inclined with respect to each other and a possible warp in the outer disc. We estimated the age of young stellar population in the galaxy centre to be ∼140 Myr, while the brightest star-forming clump appears to be much younger. We conclude that the LSB disc is likely the result of a dwarf–dwarf merger with a stellar mass ratio of the components at least ∼5:1 that occurred earlier than 300 Myr ago. The brightest star-forming clump was likely formed later by accretion of a gas cloud.
Recovering the 21-cm signal from simulated FAST intensity maps
Authors: Yohana Elimboto , Ma Yin-Zhe , Li Di , Chen Xuelei , Dai Wei-Ming 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The 21-cm intensity mapping (IM) of neutral hydrogen (H i) is a promising tool to probe the large-scale structures. Sky maps of 21-cm intensities can be highly contaminated by various foregrounds, such as Galactic synchrotron radiation, free–free emission, extragalactic point sources, and atmospheric noise. Here we present a model of foreground components and a method of removal, in particular to quantify the potential of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) for measuring H i IM. We consider a 1-yr observational time with a survey area of $20\,000\, {\rm deg}^{2}$ to capture significant variations of the foregrounds across both the sky position and angular scales relative to the H i signal. We first simulate the observational sky and then employ the principal component analysis (PCA) foreground separation technique. We show that by including different foregrounds, and thermal and 1/f noises, the value of the standard deviation between the reconstructed 21-cm IM map and the input pure 21-cm signal is $\Delta T = 0.034\, {\rm mK}$, which is well under control. The eigenmode-based analysis shows that the underlying H i eigenmode is just less than the 1 per cent level of the total sky components. By subtracting the PCA-cleaned foreground + noise map from the total map, we show that PCA method can recover H i power spectra for FAST with high accuracy.
VVV-WIT-08: the giant star that blinked
Authors: Smith Leigh C , Koposov Sergey E , Lucas Philip W , Sanders Jason L , Minniti Dante , Udalski Andrzej , Evans N Wyn , Aguado David , Ivanov Valentin D , Saito Roberto K , Fraga Luciano , Pietrukowicz Pawel , Penoyre Zephyr , González-Fernández Carlos 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the serendipitous discovery of a late-type giant star that exhibited a smooth, eclipse-like drop in flux to a depth of 97 per cent. Minimum flux occurred in 2012 April and the total event duration was a few hundred days. Light curves in V, I, and Ks from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment and VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea surveys show a remarkably achromatic event. During 17 yr of observational coverage of this source only one such event was detected. The physical properties of the giant star itself appear somewhat unusual, which may ultimately provide a clue towards the nature of the system. By modelling the event as an occultation by an object that is elliptical in projection with uniform transparency, we place limits on its physical size and velocity. We find that the occultation is unlikely to be due to a chance alignment with a foreground object. We consider a number of possible candidates for the occulter, which must be optically thick and possess a radius or thickness in excess of 0.25 au. None are completely satisfactory matches to all the data. The duration, depth, and relative achromaticity of the dip mark this out as an exceptionally unusual event, whose secret has still not been fully revealed. We find two further candidates in the VVV survey and we suggest that these systems, and two previously known examples, may point to a broad class of long-period eclipsing binaries wherein a giant star is occulted by a circumsecondary disc.
X-ray spectral components of the blazar and binary black hole candidate OJ 287 (2005–2020)
Authors: Komossa S , Grupe D , Parker M L , Gómez J L , Valtonen M J , Nowak M A , Jorstad S G , Haggard D , Chandra S , Ciprini S , Dey L , Gopakumar A , Hada K , Markoff S , Neilsen J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive analysis of all XMM–Newton spectra of OJ 287 spanning 15 yr of X-ray spectroscopy of this bright blazar. We also report the latest results from our dedicated Swift UVOT and XRT monitoring of OJ 287, which started in 2015, along with all earlier public Swift data since 2005. During this time interval, OJ 287 was caught in extreme minima and outburst states. Its X-ray spectrum is highly variable and encompasses all states seen in blazars from very flat to exceptionally steep. The spectrum can be decomposed into three spectral components: Inverse Compton (IC) emission dominant at low-state, supersoft synchrotron emission that becomes increasingly dominant as OJ 287 brightens, and an intermediately-soft (Γx = 2.2) additional component seen at outburst. This last component extends beyond 10 keV and plausibly represents either a second synchrotron/IC component and/or a temporary disc corona of the primary supermassive black hole (SMBH). Our 2018 XMM–Newton observation, quasi-simultaneous with the Event Horizon Telescope observation of OJ 287, is well described by a two-component model with a hard IC component of Γx = 1.5 and a soft synchrotron component. Low-state spectra limit any long-lived accretion disc/corona contribution in X-rays to a very low value of Lx/LEdd &lt; 5.6 × 10−4 (for MBH, primary = 1.8 × 1010 M⊙). Some implications for the binary SMBH model of OJ 287 are discussed.
Partnering With State Health Departments to Address Injection-Related Infections During the Opioid Epidemic: Experience at a Safety Net Hospital
Authors: Burns Rebecca H , Pierre Cassandra M , Marathe Jai G , Ruiz-Mercado Glorimar , Taylor Jessica L , Kimmel Simeon D , Johnson Samantha L , Fukuda H Dawn , Assoumou Sabrina A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Massachusetts is one of the epicenters of the opioid epidemic and has been severely impacted by injection-related viral and bacterial infections. A recent increase in newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among persons who inject drugs in the state highlights the urgent need to address and bridge the overlapping epidemics of opioid use disorder (OUD) and injection-related infections. Building on an established relationship between the Massachusetts Department of Public Health and Boston Medical Center, the Infectious Diseases section has contributed to the development and implementation of a cohesive response involving ambulatory, inpatient, emergency department, and community-based services. We describe this comprehensive approach including the rapid delivery of antimicrobials for the prevention and treatment of HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, systemic infections such as endocarditis, bone and joint infections, as well as curative therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus in a manner that is accessible to patients on the addiction-recovery continuum. We also provide an overview of programs that provide access to medications for OUD, harm reduction services including overdose education, and distribution of naloxone. Finally, we outline lessons learned to inform initiatives in other settings.