bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staticity and regularity for zero rest-mass fields near spatial infinity on flat spacetime
Authors: Gasperín E , Valiente Kroon J A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Linear zero-rest-mass fields generically develop logarithmic singularities at the critical sets where spatial infinity meets null infinity. Friedrich’s representation of spatial infinity is ideally suited to study this phenomenon. These logarithmic singularities are an obstruction to the smoothness of the zero-rest-mass field at null infinity and, in particular, to peeling. In the case of the spin-2 field it has been shown that these logarithmic singularities can be precluded if the initial data for the field satisfies a certain regularity condition involving the vanishing, at spatial infinity, of a certain spinor (the linearised cotton spinor) and its totally symmetrised derivatives. In this article we investigate the relation between this regularity condition and the staticity of the spin-2 field. It is shown that while any static spin-2 field satisfies the regularity condition, not every solution satisfying the regularity condition is static. This result is in contrast with what happens in the case of general relativity where staticity in a neighbourhood of spatial infinity and the smoothness of the field at future and past null infinities are much more closely related.
Searching strong ‘spin’-orbit coupled one-dimensional hole gas in strong magnetic fields
Authors: Li Rui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We show that a strong ‘spin’-orbit coupled one-dimensional hole gas is achievable via applying a strong magnetic field to the original two-fold degenerate (spin degeneracy) hole gas confined in a cylindrical Ge nanowire. Both strong longitudinal and strong transverse magnetic fields are feasible to achieve this goal. Based on quasi-degenerate perturbation calculations, we show the induced low-energy subband dispersion of the hole gas can be written as

E
=

ℏ

2

k

z

2

/

(

2

m

h

*

)

+
α

σ

z

k

z

+

g

h

*

μ

B

B

σ

x

/
2

, a form exactly the same as that of the electron gas in the conduction band. Here the Pauli matrices σ

z,x
represent a pseudo spin (or ‘spin’), because the real spin degree of freedom has been split off from the subband dispersions by the strong magnetic field. Also, for a moderate nanowire radius R = 10 nm, the induced effective hole mass

m

h

*

(

0.065
∼
0.08

m

e

)

and the ‘spin’-orbit coupling α (0.35 ∼ 0.8 eV Å) have a small magnetic field dependence in the studied magnetic field interval 1 < B < 15 T, while the effective g-factor

g

h

*

of the hole ‘spin’ only has a small magnetic field dependence in the large field region.
Genome-wide imputation using the practical haplotype graph in the heterozygous crop cassava
Authors: Long Evan M , Bradbury Peter J , Romay M Cinta , Buckler Edward S , Robbins Kelly R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Genomic applications such as genomic selection and genome-wide association have become increasingly common since the advent of genome sequencing. The cost of sequencing has decreased in the past two decades; however, genotyping costs are still prohibitive to gathering large datasets for these genomic applications, especially in nonmodel species where resources are less abundant. Genotype imputation makes it possible to infer whole-genome information from limited input data, making large sampling for genomic applications more feasible. Imputation becomes increasingly difficult in heterozygous species where haplotypes must be phased. The practical haplotype graph (PHG) is a recently developed tool that can accurately impute genotypes, using a reference panel of haplotypes. We showcase the ability of the PHG to impute genomic information in the highly heterozygous crop cassava (Manihot esculenta). Accurately phased haplotypes were sampled from runs of homozygosity across a diverse panel of individuals to populate PHG, which proved more accurate than relying on computational phasing methods. The PHG achieved high imputation accuracy, using sparse skim-sequencing input, which translated to substantial genomic prediction accuracy in cross-validation testing. The PHG showed improved imputation accuracy, compared to a standard imputation tool Beagle, especially in predicting rare alleles.
Systems on the edge: developing organizational theory for the persistence of mistreatment in childbirth
Authors: Ramsey Kate 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mistreatment in childbirth is institutionalized in many healthcare settings globally, causing widespread harm. Rising concern has elicited research on its prevalence and characteristics, with limited attention to developing explanatory theory. Mistreatment, a complex systemic and behavioral phenomenon, requires social science theory to explain its persistence despite official norms that promote respectful care. Diane Vaughan’s normalization of organizational deviance theory from organizational sociology emerged from studies of how things go wrong in organizations. Its multi-level framework provided an opportunity for analogical cross-case comparison to elaborate theory on mistreatment as normalized organizational deviance. To elaborate the theory, the Tanzanian public health system in the period of 2010–2015 was selected as a case. A broad Scopus search identified 4068 articles published on the health system and maternal health in Tanzania of which 122 were selected. Data was extracted using a framework based on the theory and reviews of mistreatment in healthcare. Relationships and patterns emerged through comparative analysis across concepts and system levels and then were compared with Vaughan’s theory and additional organizational theories. Analysis revealed that normalized scarcity at the macro-level combined with production pressures for biomedical care and imbalanced power-dependence altered values, structures and processes in the health system. Meso-level actors struggled to achieve production goals with limited autonomy and resources, resulting in workarounds and informal rationing. Biomedical care was prioritized, and emotion work was rationed in provider interactions with women, which many women experienced as disrespect. Analogical comparison with another case of organizational deviance based on literature enabled a novel approach to elaborate theory. The emergent theory sheds light on opportunities to transform systems and routinize respectful care. Theory application in additional settings and exploration of other social theories is needed for further understanding of this complex problem.
Judicial amendment of the constitution
Authors: Macfarlane Emmett 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article examines the conceptual distinction between judicial interpretation and judicial amendment. It argues that there are contexts where courts can depart so far from the constitutional text, the intent or purposes of relevant constitutional provisions, and the broad consensus within the political community about what the constitution does and does not contemplate, that they engage in effective amendment of the constitution. In these instances, judicial reasoning acts in defiance of, or with disregard for, codified constitutional amending procedures. The distinction between judicial amendment and judicial interpretation is not a clear or easy one. An analysis of its invocation in the context of the United States, Canada, and Australia finds that the concept of judicial amendment is often employed in a way that threatens to merely replicate extant debates over competing theories of constitutional interpretation. At a conceptual level then, the distinction between judicial amendment and interpretation requires a high threshold. The article identifies a set of factors to establish when courts are no longer engaged in mere interpretation but are fundamentally altering the constitution itself. It then applies those factors to an analysis of three cases of judicial amendment in Canada and India.
Ultra-processed food and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Delpino Felipe Mendes , Figueiredo Lílian Munhoz , Bielemann Renata Moraes , da Silva Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro , dos Santos Francine Silva , Mintem Gicele Costa , Flores Thaynã Ramos , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre , Nunes Bruno Pereira 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
The consumption of some food groups is associated with the risk of diabetes. However, there is no evidence from meta-analysis which evaluates the consumption of ultra-processed products in the risk of diabetes. This study aimed to review the literature assessing longitudinally the association between consumption of ultra-processed food and the risk of type 2 diabetes and to quantify this risk through a meta-analysis.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with records from PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Scielo, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. We included longitudinal studies assessing ultra-processed foods and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The review process was conducted independently by two reviewers. The Newcastle Ottawa scale assessed the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of moderate and high consumption of ultra-processed food on the risk of diabetes.

Results
In total 2272 records were screened, of which 18 studies, including almost 1.1 million individuals, were included in this review and 72% showed a positive association between ultra-processed foods and the risk of diabetes. According to the studies included in the meta-analysis, compared with non-consumption, moderate intake of ultra-processed food increased the risk of diabetes by 12% [relative risk (RR): 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.17, I2 = 24%], whereas high intake increased risk by 31% (RR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.21–1.42, I2 = 60%).

Conclusions
The consumption of ultra-processed foods increased the risk for type 2 diabetes as dose-response effect, with moderate to high credibility of evidence.
Estimates on the generalization error of physics-informed neural networks for approximating PDEs
Authors: Mishra Siddhartha , Molinaro Roberto 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently been widely used for robust and accurate approximation of partial differential equations (PDEs). We provide upper bounds on the generalization error of PINNs approximating solutions of the forward problem for PDEs. An abstract formalism is introduced and stability properties of the underlying PDE are leveraged to derive an estimate for the generalization error in terms of the training error and number of training samples. This abstract framework is illustrated with several examples of nonlinear PDEs. Numerical experiments, validating the proposed theory, are also presented.
Clinical outcome in patients who underwent amputation due to extremity soft tissue sarcoma: Tokai Musculoskeletal Oncology Consortium study
Authors: Hagi Tomohito , Nakamura Tomoki , Nagano Akihito , Koike Hiroshi , Yamada Kenji , Aiba Hisaki , Fujihara Nasa , Wasa Junji , Asanuma Kunihiro , Kozawa Eiji , Ishimura Daisuke , Kawanami Katsuhisa , Izubuchi Yuya , Shido Yoji , Sudo Akihiro , Nishida Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Soft tissue sarcomas are a diverse group of rare malignant tumours, mostly occurring in the lower extremities. Amputations are necessary for achieving local control when the soft tissue sarcomas are too large and/or have neurovascular involvement. Patients who require amputation have a poorer prognosis than those who undergo limb-salvage surgery.

Patients and Methods
We investigated the tumour characteristics and the clinical outcomes in 55 patients with primary soft tissue sarcomas, who underwent amputation. We excluded patients with amputation performed distal to the wrist or ankle joints and those with recurrent soft tissue sarcomas.

Results
The mean tumour size was 11.1 cm. Hip disarticulation was performed in 6 patients, 20 underwent above the knee amputation, 8 underwent knee disarticulation and 12 underwent below the knee amputation. Shoulder disarticulation was performed in three patients, five underwent above the elbow amputation, and one underwent below the elbow amputation. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 52.8%. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate and 5-year metastasis-free survival rates were 90.1% and 38.5%, respectively. Larger tumour size, age and the distant metastases at first presentation were predictors of poor prognosis for survival in multivariate analysis. Twenty-eight patients could walk using artificial limbs. The level of amputation (above versus below the knee) showed a significant difference in achieving independent gait.

Conclusion
Amputation is a useful treatment option for achieving local control in patients with large soft tissue sarcomas. Patients had an opportunity of walking, especially for those who underwent below the knee amputation.
Marginal resection for patients with atypical lipomatous tumours of the extremities and trunk wall: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kido Akira , Kitagawa Yasuyuki , Tsukushi Satoshi , Iwata Shintaro , Ishida Yukako , Tsukamoto Shinji , Kawai Akira 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
This systematic review assessed and compared the efficacy of marginal resection to wide resection in patients with atypical lipomatous tumours (ALT) by evaluating the local recurrence rates, overall survival and adverse event rates.

Methods
We evaluated studies published between 1 January 1990 and 31 January 2019. The risks of bias in the selected studies were analyzed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.

Results
Three case–control studies and three case series studies were identified. A meta-analysis was performed of six studies to evaluate the local recurrence rate after resection. Comparison of marginal and wide resections showed that the local recurrence rate was not significantly higher in the marginal resection group (14.2 and 1.4%, odds ratio: 2.88, 95% confidence interval 0.99–8.33, P = 0.05). We observed no difference in overall survival. In one study, the rates of adverse events were 14.7% in the marginal resection group and 45.4% in the wide treatment group (odds ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval 0.11–80.91, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
In our analyses, five of six studies reported no recurrence for wide resection, compared to three to seven recurrences in the marginal resection group. One study reported only one case of recurrence for wide resection. Because ALT has a relatively good prognosis, the use of marginal resection is acceptable to preserve musculoskeletal function.
The building up of observed stellar scaling relations of massive galaxies and the connection to black hole growth in the TNG50 simulation
Authors: Varma S , Huertas-Company M , Pillepich A , Nelson D , Rodriguez-Gomez V , Dekel A , Faber S M , Iglesias-Navarro P , Koo D C , Primack J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study how mock-observed stellar morphological and structural properties of massive galaxies are built up between z = 0.5 and z = 3 in the TNG50 cosmological simulation. We generate mock images with the properties of the CANDELS survey and derive Sersic parameters and optical rest-frame morphologies as usually done in the observations. Overall, the simulation reproduces the observed evolution of the abundances of different galaxy morphological types of star-forming and quiescent galaxies. The log M* − log Re and log M* − log Σ1 relations of the simulated star-forming and quenched galaxies also match the observed slopes and zeropoints to within 1-σ. In the simulation, galaxies increase their observed central stellar mass density (Σ1) and transform in morphology from irregular/clumpy systems to normal Hubble-type systems in the Star Formation Main Sequence at a characteristic stellar mass of ∼1010.5 M⊙ which is reflected in an increase of the central stellar mass density (Σ1). This morphological transformation is connected to the activity of the central Super Massive Black Holes (SMBHs). At low stellar masses (109 &lt; M*/M⊙ &lt; 1010) SMBHs grow rapidly, while at higher mass SMBHs switch into the kinetic feedback mode and grow more slowly. During this low-accretion phase, SMBH feedback leads to the quenching of star-formation, along with a simultaneous growth in Σ1, partly due to the fading of stellar populations. More compact massive galaxies grow their SMBHs faster than extended ones of the same mass and end up quenching earlier. In the TNG50 simulation, SMBHs predominantly grow via gas accretion before galaxies quench, and Σ1 increases substantially after SMBH growth slows down. The simulation predicts therefore that quiescent galaxies have higher Σ1 values than star-forming galaxies for the same SMBH mass, which disagrees with alternative models, and may potentially be in tension with some observations.
ExoMol line lists – XLIV. Infrared and ultraviolet line list for silicon monoxide (28Si16O)
Authors: Yurchenko Sergei N , Tennyson Jonathan , Syme Anna-Maree , Adam Ahmad Y , Clark Victoria H J , Cooper Bridgette , Dobney C Pria , Donnelly Shaun T E , Gorman Maire N , Lynas-Gray Anthony E , Meltzer Thomas , Owens Alec , Qu Qianwei , Semenov Mikhail , Somogyi Wilfrid , Upadhyay Apoorva , Wright Samuel , Zapata Trujillo Juan C 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
A new silicon monoxide (28Si16O) line list covering infrared, visible, and ultraviolet regions called SiOUVenIR is presented. This line list extends the infrared EBJT ExoMol line list by including vibronic transitions to the $A\, {}^{1}\Pi$ and $E\, {}^{1}\Sigma ^{+}$ electronic states. Strong perturbations to the $A\, {}^{1}\Pi$ band system are accurately modelled through the treatment of six dark electronic states: $C\, {}^{1}\Sigma ^{-}$, $D\, {}^{1}\Delta$, $a\, {}^{3}\Sigma ^{+}$, $b\, {}^{3}\Pi$, $e\, {}^{3}\Sigma ^{-}$, and $d\, {}^{3}\Delta$. Along with the $X\, {}^{1}\Sigma ^{+}$ ground state, these nine electronic states were used to build a comprehensive spectroscopic model of SiO using a combination of empirical and ab initio curves, including the potential energy (PE), spin–orbit, electronic angular momentum, and (transition) dipole moment curves. The ab initio PE and coupling curves, computed at the multireference configuration interaction level of theory, were refined by fitting their analytical representations to 2617 experimentally derived SiO energy levels determined from 97 vibronic bands belonging to the X–X, E–X, and A–X electronic systems through the MARVEL (Measured Active Rotational–Vibrational Energy Levels) procedure. 112 observed forbidden transitions from the C–X, D–X, e–X, and d–X bands were assigned using our predictions, and these could be fed back into the MARVEL procedure. The SiOUVenIR line list was computed using published ab initio transition dipole moments for the E–X and A–X bands; the line list is suitable for temperatures up to 10 000 K and for wavelengths longer than 140 nm. SiOUVenIR is available from www.exomol.com and the CDS data base.
Effective and scalable single-cell data alignment with non-linear canonical correlation analysis
Authors: Hu Jialu , Chen Mengjie , Zhou Xiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Data alignment is one of the first key steps in single cell analysis for integrating multiple datasets and performing joint analysis across studies. Data alignment is challenging in extremely large datasets, however, as the major of the current single cell data alignment methods are not computationally efficient. Here, we present VIPCCA, a computational framework based on non-linear canonical correlation analysis for effective and scalable single cell data alignment. VIPCCA leverages both deep learning for effective single cell data modeling and variational inference for scalable computation, thus enabling powerful data alignment across multiple samples, multiple data platforms, and multiple data types. VIPCCA is accurate for a range of alignment tasks including alignment between single cell RNAseq and ATACseq datasets and can easily accommodate millions of cells, thereby providing researchers unique opportunities to tackle challenges emerging from large-scale single-cell atlas.
Phospho-RNA sequencing with circAID-p-seq
Authors: Del Piano Alessia , Kecman Tea , Schmid Michael , Barbieri Ruggero , Brocchieri Luciano , Tornaletti Silvia , Firrito Claudia , Minati Luca , Bernabo Paola , Signoria Ilaria , Lauria Fabio , Gillingwater Thomas H , Viero Gabriella , Clamer Massimiliano 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Most RNA footprinting approaches that require ribonuclease cleavage generate RNA fragments bearing a phosphate or cyclic phosphate group at their 3′ end. Unfortunately, current library preparation protocols rely only on a 3′ hydroxyl group for adaptor ligation or poly-A tailing. Here, we developed circAID-p-seq, a PCR-free library preparation for selective 3′ phospho-RNA sequencing. As a proof of concept, we applied circAID-p-seq to ribosome profiling, which is based on sequencing of RNA fragments protected by ribosomes after endonuclease digestion. CircAID-p-seq, combined with the dedicated computational pipeline circAidMe, facilitates accurate, fast and highly efficient sequencing of phospho-RNA fragments from eukaryotic cells and tissues. We used circAID-p-seq to portray ribosome occupancy in transcripts, providing a versatile and PCR-free strategy to possibly unravel any endogenous 3′-phospho RNA molecules.
Vision Testing in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Britain: Opticians, Medical Practitioners and the Battle for Professional Authority
Authors: Almond Gemma 
Published: November 2021

Summary
In the 1890s, opticians were reforming their practice against a body of medical practitioners who were increasingly attempting to specialise in, and monopolise, vision testing and spectacle dispensing. This article explores how and why vision testing became a subject of debate and how opticians were able to successfully set out their claims to professional authority in the face of medical competition. It argues that opticians created a scientific rhetoric distinctive from medical training by combining optics and anatomy. In response, medical practitioners attempted to consolidate the medicalisation of an area of the body through claiming completely new, and potentially unfounded, areas of expertise and medical jurisdiction. A study of the optician’s role in the 1890s demonstrates the broader influence of fringe professions, commercial marketing and the public’s receptiveness to the construction of expertise in enabling but ultimately inhibiting the medicalisation process, an outcome that medical practitioners had to grudgingly accept.