bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PhenCards: a data resource linking human phenotype information to biomedical knowledge
Authors: Havrilla James M. , Liu Cong , Dong Xiangchen , Weng Chunhua , Wang Kai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present PhenCards (https://phencards.org), a database and web server intended as a one-stop shop for previously disconnected biomedical knowledge related to human clinical phenotypes. Users can query human phenotype terms or clinical notes. PhenCards obtains relevant disease/phenotype prevalence and co-occurrence, drug, procedural, pathway, literature, grant, and collaborator data. PhenCards recommends the most probable genetic diseases and candidate genes based on phenotype terms from clinical notes. PhenCards facilitates exploration of phenotype, e.g., which drugs cause or are prescribed for patient symptoms, which genes likely cause specific symptoms, and which comorbidities co-occur with phenotypes.
LOAD-intensity and time-under-tension of exercises for men who have Achilles tendinopathy (the LOADIT trial): a randomised feasibility trial
Authors: Hasani Fatmah , Haines Terry , Munteanu Shannon E. , Schoch Peter , Vicenzino Bill , Malliaras Peter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
One potential reason for disparate outcomes of exercise for Achilles tendinopathy is poor knowledge about whether exercise parameters (i.e. different exercise doses) influence outcome. Whether parameters that are important for tendon adaptation influence clinical outcomes in Achilles tendinopathy has not been investigated. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the feasibility of conducting a fully powered randomised trial to investigate the efficacy of different load-intensity and time-under-tension exercise parameters for Achilles tendinopathy.

Methods
A factorial four-arm, randomised trial. Forty-eight male participants (18–70 years old) with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy (≥ 3 months) were recruited. Participants were randomly allocated to high (6 repetition maximum) or low intensity (18 repetition maximum) exercise, performed with either high (6 s per cycle) or low (2 s per cycle) time-under-tension. Participants performed 12-weeks of standing and seated calf raise exercises three times per week in a gym setting using a Smith machine. One session per week was supervised (via videoconference). Primary feasibility outcomes (recruitment and retention rate, exercise adherence and fidelity [i.e. time-under-tension, volume, load intensity], incidence of adverse events, health care use and productivity cost) were collected weekly. Means and standard deviations were determined for parametric data, medians and interquartile range for non-parametric continuous data, and frequency counts for discrete data.

Results
Total recruitment (76%) and retention (90%) rates were high. Exercise adherence ranged from 45 to 63% and fidelity ranged from 8 to 83% across the groups. Thirty-one participants reported 64 adverse events over the 3 months. Twenty-one participants (70%) reported mild events. Participants reported reduced presenteeism more than absenteeism.

Conclusions
A fully powered trial is feasible. The proposed trial design and interventions demonstrated acceptable recruitment and retention rates and safety profile. However, exercise fidelity and adherence to the gym-based intervention was not acceptable. Strategies to improve intervention adherence and fidelity should be considered in future trials.

Trial registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12618001315202. Registered retrospectively on August 6th, 2018.
Blood DNA methylation and COVID-19 outcomes
Authors: Balnis Joseph , Madrid Andy , Hogan Kirk J. , Drake Lisa A. , Chieng Hau C. , Tiwari Anupama , Vincent Catherine E. , Chopra Amit , Vincent Peter A. , Robek Michael D. , Singer Harold A. , Alisch Reid S. , Jaitovich Ariel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
There are no prior reports that compare differentially methylated regions of DNA in blood samples from COVID-19 patients to samples collected before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic using a shared epigenotyping platform. We performed a genome-wide analysis of circulating blood DNA CpG methylation using the Infinium Human MethylationEPIC BeadChip on 124 blood samples from hospitalized COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients and compared these data with previously reported data from 39 healthy individuals collected before the pandemic. Prospective outcome measures such as COVID-19-GRAM risk-score and mortality were combined with methylation data.

Results
Global mean methylation levels did not differ between COVID-19 patients and healthy pre-pandemic controls. About 75% of acute illness-associated differentially methylated regions were located near gene promoter regions and were hypo-methylated in comparison with healthy pre-pandemic controls. Gene ontology analyses revealed terms associated with the immune response to viral infections and leukocyte activation; and disease ontology analyses revealed a predominance of autoimmune disorders. Among COVID-19-positive patients, worse outcomes were associated with a prevailing hyper-methylated status. Recursive feature elimination identified 77 differentially methylated positions predictive of COVID-19 severity measured by the GRAM-risk score.

Conclusion
Our data contribute to the awareness that DNA methylation may influence the expression of genes that regulate COVID-19 progression and represent a targetable process in that setting.
Aortic dissection diagnosed on stroke computed tomography protocol: a case report
Authors: Usui Takami , Suzuki Kazufumi , Niinami Hiroshi , Sakai Shuji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Aortic dissection is one of the causes of stroke. Because cerebral infarction with aortic dissection is a contraindication to intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy, exclusion of aortic dissection is necessary prior to its administration. However, imaging takes time to provide a diagnosis, possibly causing delays in surgical treatment.

Case presentation
A 65-year-old Japanese female patient was transported to the hospital for a suspected stroke, with back pain and left upper and lower extremity palsy which occurred while eating. Upon arrival at the hospital, the left lower limb paralysis had improved, but the left upper limb paralysis remained. Right back pain had also developed. A plain head computed tomography (CT) scan performed 110 minutes after onset showed no acute bleeding or infarction. Subsequent CT perfusion (CTP) showed acute perfusion disturbance in the right hemisphere without infarction, known as ischemic penumbra. The four-dimensional maximum-intensity projection image reconstructed from CTP showed a delayed enhancement at the right internal carotid and right middle cerebral arteries compared to the contralateral side, suggesting a proximal vascular lesion. Contrast helical CT from the neck to abdomen revealed an acute aortic dissection of Stanford type A with false lumen patency. The dissection extended to the proximal right common carotid artery. The patient underwent an emergency total arch replacement and open stent graft. After recovering well, the patient was ambulatory upon discharge from the hospital. The combination of plain head CT, CTP, and helical CT scan from the neck to abdomen enabled us to evaluate for stroke and aortic dissection within a short amount of time, allowing for early therapeutic intervention.

Conclusions
When acute stroke is suspected due to neurological deficits, plain head CT is the first choice for imaging diagnosis. The addition of cervical CT angiography can reliably exclude stroke due to aortic dissection. CTP can identify ischemic penumbra, which cannot be diagnosed by plain head CT or diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. These combined stroke CT protocols helped us avoid missing an aortic dissection.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome related to Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli with encephalitis hiding a human herpesvirus-6 infection: a case report
Authors: Mounier Sophie , Gavotto Arthur , Tenenbaum Julie , Meyer Pierre , Fila Marc , Baleine Julien 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Cardiac and neurological involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome are life-threatening complications. The most frequent complications of cardiac involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome are myocarditis and cardiac dysfunction due to fluid overload. Pericarditis remains very rare in hemolytic uremic syndrome. To our knowledge, only five cases of cardiac tamponade associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome have been described in literature.

Case summary
A 27-month-old Caucasian girl presented with symptoms of nonbloody diarrhea and tonic-clonic seizures. The diagnosis of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome with central nervous system involvement was made, and stool examination revealed infection with a Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli. She did not need renal replacement therapy but had severe neurological impairment. The patient’s course was complicated by pericardial effusion. A pericardiocentesis was performed via an apical approach because the pericardial effusion was predominantly surrounding the left ventricle. Effusion analysis showed an exudate and positivity for human herpesvirus-6B on polymerase chain reaction with viremia. This finding was consistent with primary human herpesvirus-6 infection with encephalitis.

Conclusion
We report this uncommon case of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with a severe human herpesvirus-6 infection. Secondary isolated pericardial effusion and atypical neurological involvement are uncommon in Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome and should lead the physician to perform additional investigations.
Physician blame and vulnerability: novel predictors of physician willingness to work with patients who misuse opioids
Authors: Franz Berkeley , Dhanani Lindsay Y. , Brook Daniel L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Successfully combating the opioid crisis requires patients who misuse opioids to have access to affirming and effective health care. However, there is a shortage of physicians who are willing to work with these patients. We investigated novel predictors of what might be contributing to physicians’ unwillingness to engage with this patient population to better identify and direct interventions to improve physician attitudes.

Methods
333 physicians who were board certified in the state of Ohio completed a survey about their willingness to work with patients who misuse opioids. The hypothesized relationships between the proposed predictors and willingness to work with this patient population were tested using multivariate regression, supplemented with qualitative analysis of open-text responses to questions about the causes of addiction.

Results
Perceptions of personal invulnerability to opioid misuse and addiction, opioid misuse and addiction controllability, and health care provider blame for the opioid crisis were negatively associated with physician willingness to work with patients who misuse opioids after controlling for known predictors of physician bias toward patients with substance use disorders. Physicians working in family and internal medicine, addiction medicine, and emergency medicine were also more willing to work with this patient population.

Conclusions
Distancing oneself and health care professionals from opioid misuse and placing blame on those who misuse are negatively associated with treatment willingness. Interventions to improve physician willingness to work with patients who misuse opioids can target these beliefs as a way to improve physician attitudes and provide patients with needed health care resources.
Evaluation of the effect of the capitation compensation mechanism among pulmonary tuberculosis patients with a full period of treatment
Authors: Hu Xing-Yu , Gao Guang-Ying 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
PTB is an infectious disease, which not only seriously affects people’s health, but also causes a heavier disease economic burden on patients. At present, reform of the medical insurance payment can be an effective method to control medical expenses. Therefore, our study is to explore the compensation mechanism for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients with a full period of treatment, to alleviate the financial burden of PTB patients and provide a reference and basis for the reform of PTB payment methods in other regions and countries.

Methods
The quantitative data of PTB patients was collected from the first half of 2015 to the first half of 2018 in Dehui Tuberculosis Hospital in Jilin Province, and medical records of PTB patients registered in the first half of 2018 (n = 100) from the hospital was randomly selected. Descriptive analysis of these quantitative data summarized the number, cost, medication and compliance. Semi-structured in depth interviews with policymakers and physicians were conducted to understand the impact of interventions and its causes.

Results
After implementation of the compensation mechanism, the number of PTB patient visits in 2018 was increased by 14.2%, average medical costs for outpatients and inpatients were significantly reduced by 31.8% and 47.0%, respectively, and the auxiliary medication costs was reduced by 36.5%. Moreover, the hospital carried out standardized management of tuberculosis, and the patient compliance was very high, reaching almost 90%.

Conclusions
The capitation compensation mechanism with a full period of treatment was a suitable payment method for PTB, and it is worthy of promotion and experimentation. In addition, the model improved patient compliance and reduced the possibility of drug-resistant PTB. However, due to the short implementation time of the model in the pilot areas, the effect remains to be further observed and demonstrated.
Machine learning-based mathematical modelling for prediction of social media consumer behavior using big data analytics
Authors: Chaudhary Kiran , Alam Mansaf , Al-Rakhami Mabrook S. , Gumaei Abdu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSocial media is popular in our society right now. People are using social media platforms to purchase various products. We collected the data from various social media platforms. We analyzed the data for prediction of the consumer behavior on the social media platform. We considered the consumer data from Facebook, Twitter, Linked In and YouTube, Instagram, and Pinterest, etc. There are diverse and high-speed, high volume data which are coming from social media platform, so we used predictive big data analytics. In this paper, we have used the concept of big data technology to process data and analyze it to predict consumer behavior on social media. We have analyzed consumer behavior on social media platforms based on some parameters and criteria. We analyzed the consumer perception, attitude towards the social media platform. To get good quality of result, we pre-process data using various data pre-processing to detect outlier, noises, error, and duplicate record. We developed mathematical modeling using machine learning to predict consumer behavior on the social media platform. This model is a predictive model for predicting consumer behavior on the social media platform. 80% of data are used for training purposes and 20% for testing.
National drug utilization trend of analgesics in China: an analysis of procurement data at 793 public hospitals from 2013 to 2018
Authors: Shi Honghao , Chen Xianwen , Liu Xueli , Zhu He , Yu Fei , Ung Carolina Oi Lam , Chan Wai Sin , Hu Hao , Han Sheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
This research aimed to evaluate analgesic utilization in public hospitals from 2013 to 2018 by analyzing the procurement data of 793 hospitals in China.

Methods
This study applied a retrospective observational study by using a database of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association. The final dataset covers 30 provinces and municipalities in China, with a total of 793 public hospitals with complete procurement records of analgesics from January 2013 to December 2018. Procurement cost and dosage utilization were analyzed through descriptive trend statistics.

Results
From the procurement cost data, analgesics mainly consisted of opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and the annual cost of both types of drugs increased yearly. The 6-year total cost of opioids accounts for 57% (17,800 million CNY), followed by the cost of NSAIDs accounts for 37% (11,400 million CNY). From 2013 to 2018, the annual cost of opioids nearly doubled, while the annual cost of NSAIDs doubled. The total 6-year clinical drug dosage of opioids accounts for 45% (675 million total defined daily dose (DDD)), and the NSAIDs account for 50% (747 million total DDD). From 2013 to 2018, the annual clinical drug dosage of NSAIDs increased by about 0.6 times. The annual clinical drug dosage of opioids has more than doubled. The top three opioid drugs were dezocine injection, remifentanil injection, and sufentanil injection solution. the top three NSAIDs were flurbiprofen injection, parecoxib injection, and celecoxib oral solution.

Conclusion
In China, analgesics utilization increased rapidly at public hospitals from 2013 to 2018. The utilization of analgesics was highly concentrated in NSAIDs and opioids. Within the two types of analgesics, the main analgesics utilization is also highly concentrated, with some highly risky analgesics. The rational guideline for the utilization of analgesics needs to be established with the support of real-world evidence.
Exchange rates and immigration policy
Authors: Shin Adrian J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhat explains cross-national and temporal variations in migrant rights? This article argues that policymakers implement more exclusionary or inclusive policies toward migrants in response to exchange-rate fluctuations. Since exchange rates affect the real value of remittances, exchange-rate depreciation of the host state’s currency makes migration less valuable for existing and potential migrants, while exchange-rate appreciation increases the degree of migrant pressure on the host state by doing the opposite. This well-documented relationship between exchange rate valuation and migration movements affects how host country governments craft immigration policy. Under exchange-rate depreciation, policymakers will implement more inclusive policies to deter the “exit” of migrants and maintain a stable supply of labor. Under exchange-rate appreciation, increased migration pressures heighten public anxiety over immigration in the host country, in turn causing policymakers to restrict further immigration by implementing more exclusionary policies. Consistent with the argument, the empirical results show that the purchasing-power-parity (PPP) currency values of migrants’ home countries are positively correlated with more pro-migrant policies in host countries.
A rare case of Polyarteritis Nodosa associated with autoimmune hepatitis: a case report
Authors: Kennedy Freda , Kapelow Rachel , Kalyon Bilge D. , Roth Nitzan C. , Rishi Arvind , Barilla-LaBarca Maria-Louise 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Polyarteritis nodosa is a type of vasculitis affecting medium- and small-sized arteries that has been associated with hepatitis B but does not have an established relationship with autoimmune hepatitis. Here we report the case of an adult patient with autoimmune hepatitis who, shortly after diagnosis, developed life-threatening polyarteritis nodosa.

Case presentation
A 45-year-old woman was diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis after initially presenting with a two-month history of fatigue, nausea, and anorexia and a three-week history of scleral icterus. Her liver biopsy showed mild portal fibrosis and her liver chemistries improved with prednisone and azathioprine. Three months later, she presented to the emergency department with fever, bilateral ankle pain, rash, oral ulcers, and poor vision. Physical examination was notable for erythema nodosum, anterior uveitis, retinal vasculitis, and frosted branch angiitis (frosted branch angiitis (a widespread florid translucent perivascular exudate). She subsequently developed repeated episodes of ischemic acute bowel necrosis that required multiple surgeries and extensive small bowel resections. Surgical pathology of the small bowel resection revealed ischemic necrosis, medium and small vessel vasculitis with microvascular thrombi consistent with polyarteritis nodosa. Azathioprine was discontinued and she was treated with pulse steroids followed by a prednisone taper, cyclophosphamide, and intravenous immune globulin with overall improvement in her symptomatology. Since her hospitalization, she has been maintained on low-dose prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil.

Conclusions
In patients with recent diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis, there should be a modest suspicion for concomitant polyarteritis nodosa if symptoms and signs of multisystem vasculitis develop.
Role of chest radiograph in MERS-Cov pneumonia: a single tertiary referral center experience in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Das Karuna M. , Alkoteesh Jamal Aldeen , Sheek-Hussein Mohamud , Alzadjali Samira Ali , Alafeefi Mariam Tareq , Singh Rajvir , Statsenko Yauhen , Soteriades Elpidoforos S. , Singh Vishwajeet , Van Gorkom Klaus 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-Cov) continues to be a source of concern due to intermittent outbreaks. Serial chest radiographic changes in MERS-Cov patients were analyzed for various variables that could be compared to the patients’ final outcomes in a cluster of MERS-Cov patients and to identify a predictor of mortality in the United Arab Emirates.

Results
A total of 44 MERS-Cov cases were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 43.7 ± 14.7 years. The chest radiograph was abnormal in 14/44 (31.8%). The commonest radiology features include ground-glass opacities (seven of 14, 50%), ground-glass and consolidation (seven of 14, 50%), pleural effusion (eight of 14, 57.1%), and air bronchogram (three of 14, 21.4%). The mortality rate was 13.6% (six of 44); the deceased group (6 of 44, 13.6%) was associated with significantly higher incidence of mechanical ventilation (p < 0.001), pleural effusion (p < 0.001), chest radiographic score (8.90 ± 6.31, p < 0.001), and type 4 radiographic progression of disease (p < 0.001). A chest radiographic score at presentation was seen to be an independent and strong predictor of mortality (OR [95% confidence interval] 3.20 [1.35, 7.61]). The Cohen κ coefficient for the interobserver agreement was k = 0.89 (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
The chest radiographic score, associated with a higher degree of disease progression (type 4), particularly in patients with old age or with comorbidity, may indicate a poorer prognosis in MERS-Cov infection, necessitating intensive care unit management or predicting impending death.