bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Various Leishmania (Sauroleishmania) tarentolae Strains in Three Phlebotomus Species
Authors: Ticha Lucie , Kykalova Barbora , Sadlova Jovana , Gramiccia Marina , Gradoni Luigi , Volf Petr 
Published: November 2021

Leishmania (Sauroleishmania) tarentolae is transmitted by reptile-biting sand flies of the genus Sergentomyia, but the role of Phlebotomus sand flies in circulation of this parasite is unknown. Here, we compared the development of L. (S.) tarentolae strains in three Phlebotomus species: P. papatasi, P. sergenti, and P. perniciosus. Laboratory-bred sand flies were membrane-fed on blood with parasite suspension and dissected on days 1 and 7 post blood meal. Parasites were measured on Giemsa-stained gut smears and five morphological forms were distinguished. In all parasite-vector combinations, promastigotes were found in Malpighian tubules, often in high numbers, which suggests that this tissue is a typical location for L. (S.) tarentolae development in sand flies. All three studied strains colonized the hindgut, but also migrated anteriorly to both parts of the midgut and colonized the stomodeal valve. Significant differences were demonstrated between sand fly species: highest infection rates, high parasite loads, and the most frequent anterior migration with colonization of the stomodeal valve were found in P. perniciosus, while all these parameters were lowest in P. sergenti. In conclusion, the peripylarian type of development was demonstrated for three L. (S.) tarentolae strains in three Phlebotomus sand flies. We suggest paying more attention to Phlebotomus species, particularly P. perniciosus and P. papatasi, as potential secondary vectors of Sauroleishmania.
Bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells utilizing green-colored NIR sensitive unsymmetrical squaraine dye
Authors: Shaban Suraya , Roy Pritha , Vats Ajendra Kumar , Pandey Shyam S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with the capability of photon harvesting from both front and rear sides, consisting of newly developed NIR dye (SQ-140), iodine-based redox electrolyte, and transparent counter electrode with high bifaciality factor (BFF) and good cumulated photoconversion efficiency (PCE), are successfully fabricated and characterized. The use of transparent TiO2-based photoanode leads to improved BFF as compared to its opaque TiO2 counterparts: from 74% to 86% under similar experimental conditions and device parameters. The high molar extinction coefficient of the NIR dye SQ-140, needing a thinner TiO2 layer, was found to be advantageous to maintaining the high BFF even in thicker TiO2 films without serious compromise in the PCE. The lower efficiency of the bifacial DSSC under rear illumination was attributed to the hampered optical penetration as well as absorption of light by the intense colored iodine-based redox electrolyte.
The NEWFIRM HETDEX Survey: Photometric Catalog and a Conservative Sample of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z = 3–5 over 17.5 deg2 in the SHELA Field
Authors: Stevans Matthew L. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Kawinwanichakij Lalitwadee , Wold Isak , Papovich Casey , Somerville Rachel S. , Yung L. Y. Aaron , Sherman Sydney , Ciardullo Robin , Davé Romeel , Florez Jonathan , Gronwall Caryl , Jogee Shardha 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present the results of a deep K

s
-band (2.1 μm) imaging survey of the Spitzer/HETDEX Exploratory Large-Area (SHELA) field using the NEWFIRM near-infrared camera on the KPNO Mayall 4 m telescope. This NEWFIRM HETDEX Survey reaches a 5σ depth of 22.4 AB mag (2″-diameter apertures corrected to total), is ∼50% and 90% complete at K ∼ 22.65 and K ∼ 22.15, respectively, and covers 22 deg2 of the 24 deg2 SHELA Spitzer/IRAC footprint (within “Stripe 82” of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey). We present a K

s
-band-selected catalog that includes deep ugriz imaging from the Dark Energy Camera and 3.6 and 4.5 μm imaging from Spitzer/IRAC, with forced photometry of 1.7 million sources across 17.5 deg2. The large area and moderate depth of this catalog enable the study of the most massive galaxies at high redshift and minimize uncertainties associated with counting statistics and cosmic variance. As a demonstration, we derive stellar masses (M
*) and star formation rates (SFRs) for candidate galaxies at 3 ≲ z ≲ 5 and select a conservative sample of nine candidate massive (M
* > 1011
M
⊙) quiescent galaxies, which have measured SFRs significantly below the main sequence at this redshift. Five are ultramassive with M
* > 1012, though uncertainties in IRAC blending, gravitational lensing, or active galactic nucleus emission could result in true masses that are lower. Simulations predict that these galaxies should be extremely rare; thus, we conclude by discussing what physical processes in models could be altered to allow the formation of such massive quiescent galaxies at such early times.
Prediction of Soft Proton Intensities in the Near-Earth Space Using Machine Learning
Authors: Kronberg Elena A. , Hannan Tanveer , Huthmacher Jens , Münzer Marcus , Peste Florian , Zhou Ziyang , Berrendorf Max , Faerman Evgeniy , Gastaldello Fabio , Ghizzardi Simona , Escoubet Philippe , Haaland Stein , Smirnov Artem , Sivadas Nithin , Allen Robert C. , Tiengo Andrea , Ilie Raluca 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The spatial distribution of energetic protons contributes to the understanding of magnetospheric dynamics. Based upon 17 yr of the Cluster/RAPID observations, we have derived machine-learning-based models to predict the proton intensities at energies from 28 to 962 keV in the 3D terrestrial magnetosphere at radial distances between 6 and 22 RE. We used the satellite location and indices for solar, solar wind, and geomagnetic activity as predictors. The results demonstrate that the neural network (multi-layer perceptron regressor) outperforms baseline models based on the k-nearest neighbors and historical binning on average by ∼80% and ∼33%, respectively. The average correlation between the observed and predicted data is about 56%, which is reasonable in light of the complex dynamics of fast-moving energetic protons in the magnetosphere. In addition to a quantitative analysis of the prediction results, we also investigate parameter importance in our model. The most decisive parameters for predicting proton intensities are related to the location—Z geocentric solar ecliptic direction—and the radial distance. Among the activity indices, the solar wind dynamic pressure is the most important. The results have a direct practical application, for instance, for assessing the contamination particle background in the X-ray telescopes for X-ray astronomy orbiting above the radiation belts. To foster reproducible research and to enable the community to build upon our work we publish our complete code, the data, and the weights of trained models. Further description can be found in the GitHub project at https://github.com/Tanveer81/deep_horizon.
Numerical Modeling and Physical Interplay of Stochastic Turbulent Acceleration for Nonthermal Emission Processes
Authors: Kundu Sayan , Vaidya Bhargav , Mignone Andrea 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Particle acceleration is a ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical and space plasma. Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) and stochastic turbulent acceleration (STA) are known to be the possible mechanisms for producing very highly energetic particles, particularly in weakly magnetized regions. An interplay of different acceleration processes along with various radiation losses is typically observed in astrophysical sources. While DSA is a systematic acceleration process that energizes particles in the vicinity of shocks, STA is a random energizing process, where the interaction between cosmic ray particles and electromagnetic fluctuations results in particle acceleration. This process is usually interpreted as a biased random walk in energy space, modeled through a Fokker–Planck equation. In the present work, we describe a novel Eulerian algorithm, adopted to incorporate turbulent acceleration in the presence of DSA and radiative processes like synchrotron and inverse Compton emission. The developed framework extends the hybrid Eulerian−Lagrangian module in a full-fledged relativistic Magneto-hydrodynamic (RMHD) code PLUTO. From our validation tests and case studies, we showcase the competing and complementary nature of both acceleration processes. Axisymmetric simulations of an RMHD jet with this extended hybrid framework clearly demonstrate that emission due to shocks is localized, while that due to turbulent acceleration originates in the backflow and is more diffuse, particularly in the high-energy X-ray band.
Preventing Anomalous Torques in Circumbinary Accretion Simulations
Authors: Dittmann Alexander J. , Ryan Geoffrey 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Numerical experiments are the primary method of studying the evolution of circumbinary disks due to the strong nonlinearities involved. Many circumbinary simulations also require the use of numerical mass sinks: source terms that prevent gas from unphysically accumulating around the simulated point masses by removing gas at a given rate. However, special care must be taken when drawing physical conclusions from such simulations to ensure that results are not biased by numerical artifacts. We demonstrate how improved sink methods reduce some of these biases, using simulations of aspect ratio 0.1 accretion disks around binaries with mass ratios between 0.1 and 1. We show that sink terms that do not reduce the angular momentum of gas relative to the accreting object (1) reduce the dependence on the sink rate of quantities such as the torque on the binary, distribution of accretion between binary components, and evolution of the binary semimajor axis; (2) reduce the degree to which the sink rate affects the structure of the accretion disks around each binary component; (3) alter the variability of accretion onto the binary, regularizing it in time. We also investigate other potential sources of systematic error, such as gravitational softening and simplifications to the viscous stress tensor. Because of the strong dependence of binary orbital evolution on both the torque and the distribution of mass between binary components, the sink method influences the orbital evolution of the binary at all mass ratios, with mass ratios below ∼0.3 most affected.
GeV Emission in the Region of the Supernova Remnant G51.26+0.11
Authors: Araya M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The supernova remnant G51.26+0.11 was recently discovered and little is known about its properties and environment. Using data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope we study the GeV emission seen in the direction of G51.26+0.11 to constrain the origin of the gamma-rays and their possible relation to this supernova remnant or to a star-forming region. We also search for emission from molecular gas in the region that could provide dense material for the production of gamma-rays. By modeling the multiwavelength spectrum of G51.26+0.11 from radio to gamma-rays we derive the properties of the particle populations that could produce the emission in several possible scenarios. We rule out the star-forming regions (such as G051.010+00.060) seen nearby as the origin of the GeV emission. The correspondence seen between the gamma-ray and radio morphologies supports a scenario in which G51.26+0.11 is the cause of the gamma-rays. The flat spectral energy distribution observed at GeV energies is best fit by hadronic or inverse Compton emission, while a bremsstrahlung model cannot properly account for the radio fluxes under a simple one-zone scenario. A pulsar wind nebula origin of the high-energy photons cannot be ruled out or confirmed.
Procedures of Protection. Coptic Protection Letters and Village Life
Authors: Scheerlinck Eline 
Published: November 2021

In the villages of late antique and early Islamic Egypt local authorities, such as village officials or monastic leaders, could issue documents, which promised some sort of protection to the receiver. Until now, about 140 of these documents—generally referred to as “protection letters”—and documents related to them have been published. Fairly little attention has been paid to the procedure that led up to the production of a protection letter. The Coptic papyrological record preserves testimonies of this procedure, such as letters with requests for protection letters. Through the analysis of five such testimonies, I examine the different steps people could take to obtain a protection letter. These analyses will highlight the importance of relationships and intermediaries in the communities as well as the roles of written and oral communication as part of the procedure.
PENINGKATAN KINERJA KARYAWAN MELALUI ON THE JOB TRAINING DAN OFF THE JOB TRAINING DIMASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: DIKY AZIS  
Published: November 2021

Perusahaan yang baik pasti menginginkan kualitas yang baik dari para pegawainya. Karena pegawai yang baik dan bermutu akan mempengaruhi tingkat kinerja dalam menjalankan pekerjaannya dan mencapai tujuan suatu perusahaan. Untuk menciptakan pegawai yang bermutu maka dilakukan pelatihan baik didalam maupun diluar kantor, terdapat berbagai alasan untuk melakukan pelatihan pegawai antara lain karyawan yang baru direkrut sering kali belum mengetahui dan belum mengerti tentang pekerjaan yang dijalankan, serta adanya perubahan lingkungan yang terjadi saat ini dengan munculnya virus covid-19 yang tengah melanda dunia. Tidak hanya Indonesia tetapi seluruh negara di dunia, covid-19 memberi perubahan dalam sistem kerja, sistem pendidikan dan sebagainya.penelitian ini menjelaskan pengaruh on the job training dalam kinerja karyawan, pengaruh off the job training dalam kinerja karyawan dan Makalah ini bertujuan untuk memberikan alternatif lain yang dapat dilakukan dalam pengembangan dan pelatihan manajemen sumber daya manusia di masa pandemi Covid19. Metode yang digunakan dalam makalah ini adalah metode kualitatif yang menggunakan metode pendekatan kajian pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pelatihan dan pengembangan SDM di masa pandemi Covid19
Kata kunci: on the job training, off the job training dan kinerja karyawan
1.- Valores y creencias del hacer docente escolar en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Aguilar Méndez Irma Jeannette 
Published: November 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como finalidad indagar sobre los valores y creencias de los docentes ante la crisis y como ello pudiera afectar su desempeño en el proceso de enseñanza en el Colegio María Auxiliadora de Barquisimeto. Para ello se abordó un tipo de investigación cualitativa desarrollado bajo el método hermenéutico-dialéctico desde el paradigma interpretativo, utilizando un diseño investigativo de campo el cual permitirá recolectar los datos directamente de los sujetos investigados; apoyando en el uso de la técnica de la entrevista, la cual se aplicó a tres (3) informantes claves, quienes aportaron sus opiniones sobre cuestionamientos relevantes al tema planteado. Posteriormente se procedió a categorizar y triangular la información recolectada. Se concluye que los valores y creencias que ayudan al docente en tiempos de crisis se encuentras la resiliencia, la aplicación de nuevas tendencias pedagógicas y la innovación educativa para la reinvención de los métodos de enseñanza, la capacidad creadora y creativa en la práctica docente y finalmente, pero no menos importante, la espiritualidad como factor motivador para avanzar al cambio.
Defining Southern Ocean fronts using unsupervised classification
Authors: Thomas Simon D. A. , Jones Daniel C. , Faul Anita , Mackie Erik , Pauthenet Etienne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Oceanographic fronts are transitions between thermohaline structures with different characteristics. Such transitions are ubiquitous, and their locations and properties affect how the ocean operates as part of the global climate system. In the Southern Ocean, fronts have classically been defined using a small number of continuous, circumpolar features in sea surface height or dynamic height. Modern observational and theoretical developments are challenging and expanding this traditional framework to accommodate a more complex view of fronts. Here, we present a complementary new approach for calculating fronts using an unsupervised classification method called Gaussian mixture modelling (GMM) and a novel inter-class parameter called the I-metric. The I-metric approach produces a probabilistic view of front location, emphasising the fact that the boundaries between water masses are not uniformly sharp across the entire Southern Ocean. The I-metric approach uses thermohaline information from a range of depth levels, making it more general than approaches that only use near-surface properties. We train the GMM using an observationally constrained state estimate in order to have more uniform spatial and temporal data coverage. The probabilistic boundaries defined by the I-metric roughly coincide with several classically defined fronts, offering a novel view of this structure. The I-metric fronts appear to be relatively sharp in the open ocean and somewhat diffuse near large topographic features, possibly highlighting the importance of topographically induced mixing. For comparison with a more localised method, we also use an edge detection approach for identifying fronts. We find a strong correlation between the edge field of the leading principal component and the zonal velocity; the edge detection method highlights the presence of jets, which are supported by thermal wind balance. This more localised method highlights the complex, multiscale structure of Southern Ocean fronts, complementing and contrasting with the more domain-wide view offered by the I-metric. The Sobel edge detection method may be useful for defining and tracking smaller-scale fronts and jets in model or reanalysis data. The I-metric approach may prove to be a useful method for inter-model comparison, as it uses the thermohaline structure of those models instead of tracking somewhat ad hoc values of sea surface height and/or dynamic height, which can vary considerably between models. In addition, the general I-metric approach allows front definitions to shift with changing temperature and salinity structures, which may be useful for characterising fronts in a changing climate.
Makna Kemah Suci Hingga Bait Allah Bagi Kehidupan Religius Kristen Masa Kini
Authors: Purba Jhon Leonardo Presley 
Published: November 2021

The religious life of today's Christians cannot be separated from the religious life of God's people in Old Testament times centered on the Tabernacle and temple. Therefore, this study aims to find and explain the meaning of the Tabernacle and the Temple for today's Christian religious life. This research is presented in descriptive qualitative form. The method used is literature studies to collect as many theories as possible from literature materials that correlate with research topics. The sources used are textbooks, physical or e-books, and journals. The results of this study show the Tabernacle of God, through Moses, speaks of the image of Christ in His journey, ministry and glory on earth. While the Temple, through Solomon, spoke of Christ in His ministry and glory in heaven. Implementation for Christians today, everyone must come to God through faith in Christ, Christians are the temple or dwelling place of the Spirit of God today, God is always present and leads the christian life, Christians must offer themselves to God and be His witnesses in the world.
Kehidupan religius orang Kristen masa kini tidak dapat dilepaskan dari kehidupan religius umat Allah pada zaman Perjanjian Lama yang berpusat pada Kemah Suci dan Bait Allah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari dan menjelaskan makna Kemah Suci dan Bait Allah bagi kehidupan religius Kristen masa kini. Penelitian ini disajikan dalam bentuk kualitatif deskriptif. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literature untuk mengumpulkan sebanyak mungkin teori dari bahan kepustakaan yang berkorelasi dengan topik penelitian. Sumber-sumber yang digunakan adalah buku teks, fisik atau e-book, dan jurnal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Kemah Suci Allah, melalui Musa, berbicara tentang gambaran Kristus dalam perjalanan, pelayanan dan kemuliaan-Nya di bumi. Sedangkan Bait Allah, melalui Salomo, berbicara tentang Kristus dalam pelayanan dan kemuliaan-Nya di surga. Implementasi bagi Kristen masa kini, setiap orang harus datang kepada Allah melalui iman dalam Kristus, orang Kristen adalah bait atau tempat berdiamnya Roh Allah saat ini, Allah senantiasa hadir dan menuntun kehidupan orang Kristen, orang Kristen harus mempersembahkan dirinya bagi Allah dan menjadi saksi-Nya di dunia.
A PROSÓDIA NAS ATITUDES DOS FALANTES: O CASO DA IRONIA
Authors: Alves Polliana Teixeira 
Published: November 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar como os parâmetros prosódicos se comportam na expressão da atitude de ironia. O estudo contou com um corpus de fala espontânea, composto por enunciados irônicos e não irônicos selecionados a partir de 9 vídeos. Escolhemos como unidade de análise, a frase entoacional (I), constituinte prosódico proposto no modelo de fonologia prosódica de Nespor e Vogel (1986). Assim, foram selecionadas 81 frases entoacionais de 21 enunciados em contexto irônico e 74 frases entoacionais de 15 enunciados em contexto não irônico. As frases entoacionais foram analisadas acusticamente por meio dos parâmetros de frequência, pitch, duração relativa e velocidade de fala. Para a análise estatística utilizamos o teste não paramétrico de Kruskall Wallis, com 95% de confiança. Os resultados revelaram que as expressões da atitude de ironia em todos os contextos apresentaram uma maior variação no conjunto de elementos prosódicos relacionados a curva da frequência fundamental, a qual está relacionada com a variação melódica. A atitude de ironia foi caracterizada por uma frequência fundamental (F0) mais elevada. Os valores F0 apresentaram uma tendência de serem maiores na ironia do que no não irônico. Em relação a tessitura, verificamos que apenas o Is irônicos do vídeo 1 apresentaram valores significativos, que indicam uma diferença no nível da tessitura. Quanto à duração relativa das sílabas observadas, verificamos um padrão de uso que indicou uma maior duração da sílaba proeminente dos enunciados irônicos do que dos não irônicos. Contudo, não houve diferença significativa que consolidasse essa observação. E sobre a velocidade de fala não houve diferenças significativas, embora tenhamos observado que o Is foram produzidas com maior velocidade na ironia do que o contexto não irônico.Diante do exposto concluímos que os resultados encontrados confirmam a existência de um contorno melódico específico da ironia nos contextos analisados.

Como citar:
ALMEIDA, Polliana Teixeira Alves. A prosódia nas atitudes dos falantes: o caso da ironia. Orientadora: Vera Pacheco. 2016. 90f. Dissertação (mestrado em Linguística) – Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Vitória da Conquista, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54221/rdtdppglinuesb.2016.v4i1.93 . Acesso em: xxxxxxxx