bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Well are Frequency Sensitivities of Grasshopper Ears Tuned to Species-Specific Song Spectra?
Authors: Meyer Jens , Elsner Norbert 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Grasshoppers of 20 acridid species were examined using spectral analysis, laser vibrometry and electrophysiology to determine whether the song spectra, the best frequencies of tympanal-membrane vibrations and the threshold curves of the tympanal nerves are adapted to one another. The songs of almost all species have a relatively broad-band maximum in the region between 20 and 40 kHz and a narrower peak between 5 and 15 kHz. There are clear interspecific differences in the latter, which are not correlated with the length of the body or of the elytra. At the site of attachment of the low-frequency receptors (a-cells), the tympanal membrane oscillates with maximal amplitude in the region from 5 to 10 kHz. At the attachment site of the high-frequency receptors (d-cells), there is also a maximum in this region as well as another around 15–20 kHz. The tympanal nerve is most sensitive to tones between 5 and 10 kHz, with another sensitivity maximum between 25 and 35 kHz. The species may differ from one another in the position of the low-frequency peaks of the membrane oscillation, of the nerve activity and of the song spectra. No correlation was found between the characteristic frequency of the membrane oscillation and the area of the tympanal membrane.
Within a given species, the frequency for maximal oscillation of the membrane at the attachment site of the low-frequency receptors and the frequency for maximal sensitivity of the tympanal nerve are in most cases very close to the low-frequency peak in the song spectrum. In the high-frequency range, the situation is different: here, the position of the peak in the song spectrum is not correlated with the membrane oscillation maximum at the attachment site of the high-frequency receptors, although there is a correlation between the song spectrum and the sensitivity of the tympanal nerve. On the whole, therefore, hearing in acridid grasshoppers is quite well adjusted to the frequency spectra of the songs, partly because the tympanal membrane acts as a frequency filter in the low-frequency range.
Not all swellings are dental abscesses: A cautionary tale
Authors: Biyani Prateek , Lundgren Rachael , Thompson Alexandra , Orr Robert 
Published: April 2021

Carcinomas of the maxillary antrum are rare and tend to present late, leading to poor survival rates. Two-thirds of cases will present with oral symptoms or facial swelling. Dentists should be aware of suspicious clinical and radiographic signs, which may help in early detection and treatment. We present the case of a 48-year-old female complaining of facial swelling. In preceding months, she had visited her GP and dentist numerous times, receiving antibiotics from each for suspected sinusitis and a dental abscess, respectively. Subsequent investigations confirmed an SCC of the right maxillary antrum, which unfortunately, could only be treated palliatively. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The reader should understand the classic findings for a maxillary antrum carcinoma. They should also increase their confidence and awareness in identifying red flag signs and symptoms.
Garré's osteomyelitis of the jaw
Authors: Hazara Roya , Pappa Elena 
Published: April 2021

The aim of this short review is to update dental professionals on the causes, manifestation and treatment of Garré's osteomyelitis. There are multiple cause of facial swellings and asymmetry arising from dental infections, trauma, or more seriously can be benign or malignant tumours. Garré's osteomyelitis is most commonly seen in children and young adults and persists until the cause is removed. Other lesions such as fibrous dysplasia, sarcoma and chondrosarcoma can manifest in the same manner as Garré's osteomyelitis clinically. Garrés’ osteomyelitis can be result of a chronic infection or trauma. Dentists and dental professionals must be aware of the causes, minvestigations required and provide the appropriate treatment. Information was collected using Medline, Pubmed and Athens to access the journals.CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article highlights the importance of recognizing Garré's osteomyelitis in children and young adults, identifying the cause and treating them appropriately. It is imperative for dental professionals to know and refer to relevant specialties for further investigation.
Alveogyl: Foreign Body Reaction
Authors: Joshi Sandeep , Steel Clare , Eyeson Josiah 
Published: April 2021

Alveolar osteitis (AO) is a painful complication experienced by approximately 3–4% of patients who have undergone a dental extraction. A frequently used intra-alveolar dressing material, such as Alveogyl is commonly used to treat sockets where a diagnosis of AO is made. However, unexpected problems may be encountered by the dentist when using such materials and this article explores a case where a diagnosis of a foreign body reaction to Alveogyl was identified in a symptomatic patient with no overt clinical or radiographical signs. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dental professionals should be aware of the possible complications with the use of Alveogyl in the treatment of alveolar osteitis, in particular foreign body reactions.
Replacing buried teeth: A Review of primary failure of eruption of permanent teeth and case report
Authors: Chin Jann Siew , Thomas Matthew BM 
Published: April 2021

Primary failure of eruption is a condition that has variable presentation and can be difficult to diagnose. This article provides an overview of the condition and discusses the management of an unusual case of primary failure of eruption of permanent teeth in a 37-year-old adult.CPD/Clinical Relevance: Where surgical and orthodontic options are unpredictable, restorative management alone may achieve successful functional and aesthetic outcomes for cases involving primary failure of eruption of permanent teeth.
Development and Validation of a Clinical-Genetic Risk Score to Predict Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Gil-Gómez Antonio , Ampuero Javier , Rojas Ángela , Gallego-Durán Rocío , Muñoz-Hernández Rocío , Rico María C. , Millán Raquel , García-Lozano Raúl , Francés Rubén , Soriano Germán , Romero-Gómez Manuel 
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:
We aimed to define the impact of the genetic background on overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients with liver cirrhosis by developing a combined clinical-genetic risk score.

METHODS:
Patients suffering from liver cirrhosis from the outpatient clinics of 4 hospitals (n = 600) were included and followed up for at least 5 years until HE bouts, liver transplant, or death. Patients were genotyped for 60 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms together with the microsatellite in the promoter region of the gene GLS.

RESULTS:
Single nucleotide polymorphisms rs601338 (FUT2), rs5743836 (TRL9), rs2562582 (SLC1A3), rs313853 (SLC1A5), and GLS microsatellite did predict independently the incidence and severity of overt HE and were included as genetic score. Competing risk analysis revealed that bilirubin (subhazard ratio [sHR] 1.30 [1.15–1.48], P < 0.001), albumin (sHR 0.90 [0.86–0.93], P < 0.001), genetic score (sHR 1.90 [1.57–2.30], P < 0.001), and previous episodes of overt HE (sHR 2.60 [1.57–4.29], P < 0.001) were independently associated to HE bouts during the follow-up with an internal (C-index 0.83) and external validation (C-index 0.74). Patients in the low-risk group had 5% and 12% risk of HE at 1 (log-rank 92.1; P < 0.001) and 5 (log-rank 124.1; P < 0.001) years, respectively, whereas 36% and 48% in the high-risk group.

DISCUSSION:
The genetic background influenced overt HE risk and severity. The clinical-genetic HE Risk score, which combined genetic background together with albumin, bilirubin, and previous episodes of overt HE, could be a useful tool to predict overt HE in patients with cirrhosis.
Accuracy of Screening Tests for Celiac Disease in Asymptomatic Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Gould Michelle J. , Mahmud Farid H. , Clarke Antoine B.M. , McDonald Charlotte , Saibil Fred , Punthakee Zubin , Marcon Margaret A. 
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of celiac serologic tests in asymptomatic patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

METHODS:
Patients with T1D asymptomatic for celiac disease were prospectively screened with immunoglobulin A anti-tissue transglutaminase. Test characteristics were calculated and optimal cutoffs for a positive screen determined.

RESULTS:
Two thousand three hundred fifty-three patients were screened and 101 proceeded to biopsy. The positive predictive value of immunoglobulin A anti-tissue transglutaminase at the assay referenced upper limit of normal (30CU) was 85.9%, and the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 38%, respectively.

DISCUSSION:
Thresholds extrapolated from the general population for the diagnostic evaluation of celiac disease are not suitable for use in asymptomatic T1D patients. Population-specific screening cutoffs are required.
Validation of Tools for Predicting Incident Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus or Esophagogastric Junction
Authors: Rubenstein Joel H. , Raghunathan Trivellore , Doan Cecilia , Schneider Jennifer , Zhao Wei , Metko Valbona , Nofz Kimberly , Khodadost Maryam , Corley Douglas A. 
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Guidelines suggest screening of individuals who are at increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Tools for identifying patients at risk of Barrett's esophagus have been validated. Here, we aimed to compare and validate the tools for the primary outcomes of interest: EAC and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EGJAC).

METHODS:
Retrospective longitudinal analysis of the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Multiphasic Health Checkup Cohort, a community-based cohort including 206,974 patients enrolled between 1964 and 1973 followed through 2016. Baseline questionnaires and anthropometrics classified predictor variables for each tool and were linked to cancer registry outcomes. Analyses used logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards regression, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.

RESULTS:
We identified 168 incident EAC cases and 151 EGJAC cases at a mean of 32 years after enrollment (mean follow-up among controls 26 years). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms predicted incident EAC (hazard ratio 2.66; 95% confidence interval 1.01, 7.00), but not EGJAC. The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study tool, Kunzmann tool, and Michigan Barrett's Esophagus pREdiction Tool were more accurate than GERD for predicting EAC, with individuals in the fourth quartile of Kunzmann having 17-fold the risk of those in the 1st quartile (hazard ratio = 16.7, 95% confidence interval = 4.72, 58.8). Each tool also predicted incident EGJAC with smaller magnitudes of effect.

DISCUSSION:
The study independently validated 4 tools for predicting incident EAC and EGJAC in a large community-based population. The Kunzmann tool appears best calibrated; all appear preferable to using GERD alone for risk stratification. Future studies should determine how best to implement such tools into clinical practice.
Effect of Aging Temperature and Time on Secondary Phase Precipitation and Texture in an Ultrafine Grained 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel after Cold Rolling
Authors: Wolf Witor , Inácio Lóren Kelly de Paula , Brandão Santos Dagoberto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present work evaluates the precipitation of secondary phases in a cold-rolled ultrafine-grained 2205 duplex stainless steel after aging at temperatures ranging from 600°C to 950°C for different annealing times (300–86,400 s). X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron backscattered diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy were used for microstructural characterization. Mechanical properties were evaluated using tensile and Vickers microhardness tests. σ- (sigma), χ- (chi), and chromium carbide (M23C6) phases were identified. σ- and austenite phase volume fractions increased with aging time, whereas χ-phase and carbides remained nearly constant, and the ferritic volume fraction decreased. Inverse pole figures of σ-phase, for a specimen aged at 850°C for 24 h, showed a localized distribution of orientations, normal to the rolling direction, being centered around the [001], whereas for the other annealing conditions, a concentration between the orientations [001] and [110] was observed. Although mechanical strength was increased, the ductility was reduced as the secondary phase precipitation proceeded.
The Impact of the Electoral College on the US Presidential Elections
Authors: Shkara Nadia Dhia 
Published: April 2021

This research uses scientific analysis to look at the idea of ​​the "Electoral College" system, the key word in deciding the battle for the American Presidential Elections, in determining the identity of the winner of the presidency of the United States, as it is a unique system of its kind in the world.
The American presidential elections are based on the indirect election system that includes the existence of a circle. An intermediary between the voter and the candidate is that the voters in the American states choose the fifty delegates who make up the electoral college members, and they are the ones who directly elect the president and his deputy on their behalf, and thus the electoral college is the one who decides who will enter the White House and not the American people. The number of members is 538, which is the total number of members of the US Parliament, which brings together the Senate and the House of Representatives.
Systematic Literature Review on Organic Farming for Sustainable Agricultural Production
Authors: CHEBET ANASTACIA 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Food security is a major concern in developing countries. Growing population, human consumption and the reduction of available land and other productive units are putting pressure on current agriculture and natural resources to meet the growing demand for food. Therefore, in order to meet the food requirements of the growing population, high yielding varieties are cultivated which require high units of fertilizers and pesticides to meet the potential yield. Scientists, organizations and policy makers emphasize high yields and high quality agricultural products on a sustainable basis, and high quality food could be produced through organic farming without affecting the environment; however, due to lack of data, no definite conclusions can be reached in many parts of the world. The aim of this review is to bridge this gap by presenting a systematic review of organic farming literature for sustainable agriculture. The authors used the systematic literature review to collect publications on organic farming from 2007 to 2020..The review provides insight into the essential dimensions of organic farming, the impact of organic farming on soil quality and crop yield
Genetic diversity of Loma acerinae (Microsporidia: Glugeida) from different fish hosts and localities – Short communication
Authors: Yurakhno Violetta M. , Voronin Vladimir N. , Sokolov Sergey G. , Malysh Julia M. , Kalmykov Alexandr P. , Tokarev Yuri S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLoma acerinae is a xenoma-forming fish microsporidium described from common ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua (Perciformes: Percidae) and also found in Ponto-Caspian gobies (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae). This casts doubt on the strict host specificity of this parasite. The largest subunit RNA polymerase II (rpb1) was used as a genetic marker of the parasite isolated from six host species of Perciformes (G. cernua from the Baltic Sea), Atheriniformes (Atherina boyeri from the Azov Sea) and Gobiiformes (Neogobius spp. and Zosterisessor ophiocephalus from the Black Sea and Ponticola kessleri from the Caspian Sea basin). Two major rpb1 haplogroups were found with 98.5% identity between the groups. Notably, Haplogroup I was associated with Neogobius spp. samples (n = 6) only, whereas Haplogroup II included the samples from other host species (n = 7). These findings confirm the broad distribution and host range of L. acerinae, but also indicate that certain patterns of host-driven intraspecific polymorphism may exist. Furthermore, the study revealed low similarity between the ribosomal RNA gene sequences of L. acerinae and the type species, Loma morhua (as well as other species of the genus). This suggests loose genetic association within the genus, and may raise the need for the taxonomic revision of L. acerinae.
Proposed diagnostic criteria for compulsive buying-shopping disorder: A Delphi expert consensus study
Authors: Müller Astrid , Laskowski Nora M. , Trotzke Patrick , Ali Kathina , Fassnacht Daniel B. , de Zwaan Martina , Brand Matthias , Häder Michael , Kyrios Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsConsensus in acknowledging compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) as a distinct diagnosis has been lacking. Before research in this area can be advanced, it is necessary to establish diagnostic criteria in order to facilitate field trials.MethodsThe study consisted of the following phases: (1) operationalization of a broad range of potential diagnostic criteria for CBSD, (2) two iterative rounds of data collection using the Delphi method, where consensus of potential diagnostic criteria for CBSD was reached by an international expert panel, and (3) interpretation of findings taking into account the degree of certainty amongst experts regarding their responses.ResultsWith respect to diagnostic criteria, there was clear expert consensus about inclusion of the persistent and recurrent experience of (a) intrusive and/or irresistible urges and/or impulses and/or cravings and/or preoccupations for buying/shopping; (b) diminished control over buying/shopping; (c) excessive purchasing of items without utilizing them for their intended purposes, (d) use of buying-shopping to regulate internal states; (e) negative consequences and impairment in important areas of functioning due to buying/shopping; (f) emotional and cognitive symptoms upon cessation of excessive buying/shopping; and (g) maintenance or escalation of dysfunctional buying/shopping behaviors despite negative consequences. Furthermore, support was found for a specifier related to the presence of excessive hoarding of purchased items.ConclusionsThe proposed diagnostic criteria can be used as the basis for the development of diagnostic interviews and measures of CBSD severity.
Treatment-induced tumor cell apoptosis following high-intensity interval training and saffron aqueous extract in mice with breast cancer
Authors: Ahmadabadi F. , Saghebjoo M. , Hedayati M. , Hoshyar R. , Huang C.-J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study was to investigate whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and saffron aqueous extract (SAE) would provide a synergistic effect to improve tumor volume reduction and also modulate pro- and anti-apoptotic protein expression in tumor tissue of 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice. Female mice following induction of breast cancer through injection of 4T1 cell lines were randomly divided into four groups: (1) HIIT, (2) SAE, (3) HIIT+ SAE, and (4) control. The tumor volume was significantly lower in the HIIT, SAE, and HIIT+SAE groups than in the controls. The protein level of caspase-3 in the HIIT and the SAE groups was higher than in the control and the HIIT+SAE groups. The Bax protein level in the SAE group was higher than in the control. The HIIT+SAE group showed a lower level of Bax than the HIIT and the SAE groups. The protein level of Bcl-2 was higher in the HIIT+SAE vs. both the HIIT and the SAE groups. Finally, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was significantly higher in the HIIT and the SAE groups than in the HIIT+SAE and control groups. These findings indicate that a combination of HIIT and SAE interventions does not improve the apoptotic induction in tumor tissue, while both HIIT and SAE treatments may mediate apoptotic pathway as evinced by the elevated ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 levels during tumor progression in breast cancer-bearing mice.
The comparison of the effect of double and flat pyramid training methods on hypertrophy and muscular strength of male power-lifters
Authors: Rasekh Mohammad , Shabani Ramin 
Published: April 2021

Background and Study Aim. Resistance training is considered as the most effective method to increase muscle strength and mass. The present study aimed to compare the effect of a double pyramid and a flat pyramid training methods on hypertrophy and muscular strength of male power-lifters.
Material and Methods. Thirty students (age 21.40±1.71 years) were randomly assigned to three groups of double pyramid training (10 subjects), flat pyramid training (10 subjects), and the control trained by the traditional method (10 subjects). The experimental groups were trained three sessions a week for eight weeks whereas the control group continued their ordinary training program in the traditional method two sessions a week. Before and after the training, the muscular strength index was measured by bench press, leg press, and deadlift and the muscle volume was determined in their chest, arm, and thigh. Data were statistically examined by the analysis of variance and paired t test in the SPSS (ver. 21) software package. The significance level was set at the P<0.05 level.
Results. Significant differences were observed among the studied groups in the variables of bench press, leg press, and deadlift, as well as in the variables of arm volume, chest volume, and thigh volume (P < 0.05). Bench press, leg press, deadlift, and the volume of arm, chest, and thigh were increased significantly from the pretest to the posttest in all three groups (P < 0.001).
Conclusion. A double and flat pyramid training period has similar positive impacts on muscular strength and volume of power-lifters.
Effect of lithium borate coating on the electrochemical properties of LiCoO2 electrode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhuravlev Victor D. , Nefedova Ksenia V. , Evschik Elizaveta Yu. , Sherstobitova Elena A. , Kolmakov Valery G. , Dobrovolsky Yury A. , Porotnikova Natalia M. , Korchun Andrey V. , Shikhovtseva Anna V. 
Published: April 2021

The effect of a protective coating of fused lithium borate, Li3BO3, on the physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics of LiCoO2 has been studied. A cathode material produced by the SCS method using binary organic fuel, glycine and citric acid. The influence of the experiment conditions on the morphology, crystal structure and specific surface of lithium cobaltite was studied. Electrochemical testing of LiCoO2∙nLi3BO3 samples, n = 5 and 7 mass %, has been performed in the cathode Li|Li+-electrolyte|LiCoO2∙nLi3BO3 half-cell using 1M LiPF6 in EC/DMC mixture (1:1) as electrolyte in the 2.7-4.3 V range at normalized discharge current С/10, С/5, С/2. The maximal initial discharge capacity of 185 mAh/g was detected for the samples with 5 mass % Li3BO3. The coulomb efficiency of optimal materials in the 40th cycle was 99.1%.
Synthesis and Research of Alumina Ceramics Properties
Authors: Frolov Evgeniy I. , Notina Polina V. , Zvonarev Sergey V. , Il'ina Evgeniya A. , Churkin Vyacheslav Yu. 
Published: April 2021

The article describes in detail alumina powder synthesis by different methods at varying parameters. The technique of obtaining ceramics and the research of the optical properties for determining the materials with the maximum luminescence efficiency is presented. The concentration of the luminescence intrinsic centers and various defects differ for ceramics synthesized by different methods. It is determined that ceramics based on the powder synthesized by a sol-gel method has the maximum thermoluminescence intensity in the F-center peak, whereas for the peak of 360 °C it is obtained with the powder prepared by precipitation of aluminum nitrate with a PEG‑20000 stabilizer.