bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landslide Monitoring and Tracking Using IoT Sensors
Authors: Elavarasi K , Nandhini S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A slide is printed as a result of the movement of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Landslides are a form of “mass wasting,” that denotes any earth down a slope movement of soil and rock beneath the direct influence of gravity. The causes of landslide ar property hurt, injury, and death and adversely have a sway on a spread of resources. once the landslide happens it’ll have a sway on the water availability, quantity, and quality. Thus, landslide observance is of sizeable importance in reducing the ruinous effects of landslides. The projected system of our project is to watch and track the landslide mistreatment Arduino UNO. It performs the amount analysis of the mountainous region, supported the IoT sensors that observe the landslide and apprize the parents during this region through alert message by mistreatment GPS and GSM and alert them through buzzer simply just in case of network coverage is lost.
Technology and economic analysis of urban waste potential (case study of Jatibarang landfill)
Authors: Saleh M , Sinuraya E W , Denis D , Gregorius P , Hardian E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The high volume of waste produced by both industry and society is common in almost all cities. For this reason, it is necessary to control the increase in the volume of waste and its implications for the environment. The scenario used in this research is to design a power plant that can be used to control the increase in the volume of waste, namely PLTSa (Waste Power Plant). PLTSa uses organic waste from trash to generate clean, renewable energy, powering communities, and reducing emissions. At the PLTSa, the organic waste is fed into a digester tank, where it is converted into methane by bacteria. The gas is then sent to the waste power plant, which generates 0.9 MW of power. The PLTSa supports the Indonesian government’s plan to increase electricity in the country by 35,000 MW from 2015 to 2019, and for 25% of that electricity to be generated from renewable sources. The government’s plan was in response to a shortage of electricity generation capacity as demand in the country grows. The data analysis method used to analyze the research data is an analysis using the IPCC Inventory software and the LFGcost-Web Landfill Gas Emission Model (LandGEM). Data analysis results in the form of projections of biogas potential and electrical energy will be used to build PLTSa. Waste-to-energy generation is being increasingly looked at as a potential energy diversification strategy, especially in Indonesia and PLTSa (Waste Power Plants) in several cities in Indonesia.
Region of springs utilization in Cicurug Village, Majalengka, Sub-District, Majalengka District, West Java
Authors: Amelia Y , Kusratmoko E , Saraswati R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Springs is one of the primary sources of clean water used to fulfil domestic water needs in Cicurug village. Its residents have widely used the springs in Cicurug village, but the spring management is simplistic. Thus, utilization of water resources management practices in Cicurug village should be further developed. This study analyses the spatial pattern of springs utilization based on the potential area, the actual utilization area, and the comparison between the potential and actual utilization areas. The results of this study indicate the springs in Cicurug village are located between the altitude of 165-346 m above the sea level and discharge of 0,158 l/s to 1,935 l/s. The springs utilization’s potential areas are located between 135 and 300 m above sea level. The actual area of utilization springs in Cicurug village includes the land use types in villages located between 164 and 275 m above sea level. Comparing the potential areas of utilization of springs with the actual areas shows that the utilized area exceeds the potential areas. There is an actual area of springs utilization that is narrower than potential areas.
Company financial performance, company characteristics, and environmental disclosure: evidence from Singapore
Authors: Wahyuningrum I F S , Oktavilia S , Putri N , Solikhah B , Djajadikerta H , Tjahjaningsih E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A company disclosed its environmental disclosure by providing its annual report and sustainability report as a responsibility to society and the environment. This study aims to examine the factors that influence environmental disclosure, consisting of profitability, leverage, company size, industry type and company age. Legitimacy theory and stakeholder theory are used in this study. The population in this study is industrial companies listed on the Singapore Exchange (SGX) in 2018. Purposive sampling is used as a sampling method in order to obtain 61 companies. Multiple linear analysis was used to test the effect between variables. The quantity determination of environmental disclosure is measured using the content analysis method based on GRI Standard 2016. The result showed that company size has a significant positive effect on environmental disclosure. Meanwhile, the relationship between profitability and environmental disclosure has a significant negative. On the other hand, leverage, industry type, and company age have no significant environmental disclosure effect. Based on the resulting test, large companies disclosed environmental disclosures to increase public trust and credibility.
Recent advances in the stabilization of expansive soils using waste materials: A review
Authors: Niyomukiza J B , Wardani S P R , Setiadji B H 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The increasing population necessitates infrastructural development, and these civil engineering infrastructures are constructed on soils. Highways, buildings, bridges, railways, and dams need a strong foundation; however, some soils are not suitable for making a strong foundation. An example is expansive or reactive soils. Expansive soils are subjected to volumetric changes, thus the biggest challenge that geotechnical engineers encounter in the field. In an attempt to make these poor soils more appropriate for use in engineering projects, different stabilization techniques are used. However, well-established stabilizers like cement, lime, and bitumen are associated with environmental challenges. This has attracted the attention of the researchers to look for environmentally friendly and sustainable stabilizers. The current study provides a review of the recent trends in improving the geotechnical properties of expansive soils using waste materials, focusing on their efficacy, the optimum percentage, and research gaps. Wastes considered in this study include waste tires, sawdust, and sawdust ash, and fly ash. The review utilized research articles extracted from different databases, such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google. This work could give the geotechnical engineers and independent researchers insight into the recent soil stabilization trends that could lead to sustainable development.
Global Villain, but Local Hero? A Linguistic Analysis of Climate Narratives from the Fossil Fuel Sector
Authors: Dahl Trine 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper offers a linguistic approach to narrative analysis, illustrated through a quantitative/qualitative lexico-semantic study of sustainability reports by BP, Equinor, ConocoPhillips, and ExxonMobil. It contributes novel insights into how major CO2 emitters present themselves in climate narratives. My aim is, first, to show how the basic components of narratives (Complication, Reaction, and Resolution) and the classic character set (victim, villain, and hero) may be identified through linguistic features, and second, to consider how the special nature of climate change impacts on the enactment of this character set. The study considers whether the companies acknowledge their reputation as villains in the global climate narrative, or whether they are discursively shying away from this script. I find that the reports share a basic climate narrative, representing a techno-optimistic approach to maintaining a profitable business in a carbon-constrained society, with gas representing a narrative Complication as well as a Resolution. The global villain role is acknowledged, but typically softened through a dual villain/hero role. The hero role in fact turned out to be the most conspicuous in the material.
Genetic and morphological differentiation inWashingtonia(Arecaceae): solving a century-old palm mystery
Authors: Villanueva-Almanza Lorena , Landis Jacob B , Koenig Daniel , Ezcurra Exequiel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWashingtonia is a genus of palms currently composed of two species, W. filifera and W. robusta, distributed in the States of Baja California, Baja California Sur, and Sonora in Mexico, and Southern California and Arizona in the United States. The group has been a taxonomic challenge due to a lack of type specimens, incomplete protologues, highly variable vegetative morphology, human dispersal of seeds, limited fieldwork in native populations and poor representation in herbaria. Here, we analyse the population structure and phylogenetic relationships and test whether morphological traits correlate with genetic variation throughout its distributional range. We used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data to identify population structure and delimit species. We further used these data to determine whether morphological traits varied among genetic regions. We analysed 188 individuals from 21 populations of Washingtonia across its distribution range using multivariate and Bayesian methods. Our results showed great consistency in the discovery of four genetic groups: (1) Southern Peninsula, (2) Mid-Peninsula, (3) Northern Peninsula and (4) Sonoran mainland. The geographical limits to these clusters coincide very well with the large natural regions of the Sonoran Desert. Our analyses indicate that Washingtonia populations are highly structured within four major geographical regions. Even when no single morphological trait can be used to determine the genetic identity of Washingtonia palms, leaf greenness, a novel morphological trait, can be useful. Our results provide a robust phylogenetic analysis of Washingtonia settling a taxonomic debate that has lasted over a century.
Cryptococcal Antigen Screening Among Antiretroviral Therapy–Experienced People With HIV With Viral Load Nonsuppression in Rural Uganda
Authors: Baluku Joseph Baruch , Mugabe Pallen , Mwebaza Shem , Nakaweesi Jane , Senyimba Catherine , Opio Joel Peter , Mukasa Barbara 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization recommends screening for the cryptococcal antigen (CrAg), a predictor of cryptococcal meningitis, among antiretroviral therapy (ART)–naïve people with HIV (PWH) with CD4 &lt;100 cells/mm3. CrAg positivity among ART-experienced PWH with viral load (VL) nonsuppression is not well established, yet high VLs are associated with cryptococcal meningitis independent of CD4 count. We compared the frequency and positivity yield of CrAg screening among ART-experienced PWH with VL nonsuppression and ART-naïve PWH with CD4 &lt;100 cells/mm3 attending rural public health facilities in Uganda.

Methods
We reviewed routinely generated programmatic reports on cryptococcal disease screening from 104 health facilities in 8 rural districts of Uganda from January 2018 to July 2019. A lateral flow assay (IMMY CrAg) was used to screen for cryptococcal disease. PWH were eligible for CrAg screening if they were ART-naïve with CD4 &lt;100 cell/mm3 or ART-experienced with an HIV VL &gt;1000 copies/mL after at least 6 months of ART. We used Pearson’s chi-square test to compare the frequency and yield of CrAg screening.

Results
Of 71 860 ART-experienced PWH, 7210 (10.0%) were eligible for CrAg screening. Among 15 417 ART-naïve PWH, 5719 (37.1%) had a CD4 count measurement, of whom 937 (16.4%) were eligible for CrAg screening. The frequency of CrAg screening was 11.5% (830/7210) among eligible ART-experienced PWH compared with 95.1% (891/937) of eligible ART- naïve PWH (P &lt; .001). The CrAg positivity yield was 10.5% among eligible ART-experienced PWH compared with 13.8% among eligible ART-naïve PWH (P = .035).

Conclusions
The low frequency and high positivity yield of CrAg screening among ART-experienced PWH with VL nonsuppression suggest a need for VL- directed CrAg screening in this population. Studies are needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and impact of CrAg screening and fluconazole prophylaxis on the outcomes of ART-experienced PWH with VL nonsuppression.
Variation in primate decision-making under uncertainty and the roots of human economic behaviour
Authors: De Petrillo Francesca , Rosati Alexandra G. 
Published: January 2021

Uncertainty is a ubiquitous component of human economic behaviour, yet people can vary in their preferences for risk across populations, individuals and different points in time. As uncertainty also characterizes many aspects of animal decision-making, comparative research can help evaluate different potential mechanisms that generate this variation, including the role of biological differences or maturational change versus cultural learning, as well as identify human-unique components of economic decision-making. Here, we examine decision-making under risk across non-human primates, our closest relatives. We first review theoretical approaches and current methods for understanding decision-making in animals. We then assess the current evidence for variation in animal preferences between species and populations, between individuals based on personality, sex and age, and finally, between different contexts and individual states. We then use these primate data to evaluate the processes that can shape human decision-making strategies and identify the primate foundations of human economic behaviour.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
Reduced risk-seeking in chimpanzees in a zero-outcome game
Authors: Keupp Stefanie , Grueneisen Sebastian , Ludvig Elliot A. , Warneken Felix , Melis Alicia P. 
Published: January 2021

A key component of economic decisions is the integration of information about reward outcomes and probabilities in selecting between competing options. In many species, risky choice is influenced by the magnitude of available outcomes, probability of success and the possibility of extreme outcomes. Chimpanzees are generally regarded to be risk-seeking. In this study, we examined two aspects of chimpanzees' risk preferences: first, whether setting the value of the non-preferred outcome of a risky option to zero changes chimpanzees’ risk preferences, and second, whether individual risk preferences are stable across two different measures. Across two experiments, we found chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes,n= 23) as a group to be risk-neutral to risk-avoidant with highly stable individual risk preferences. We discuss how the possibility of going empty-handed might reduce chimpanzees' risk-seeking relative to previous studies. This malleability in risk preferences as a function of experimental parameters and individual differences raises interesting questions about whether it is appropriate or helpful to categorize a species as a whole as risk-seeking or risk-avoidant.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
Non-human primate token use shows possibilities but also limitations for establishing a form of currency
Authors: Beran Michael J. , Parrish Audrey E. 
Published: January 2021

Non-human primates evaluate choices based on quantitative information and subjective valuation of options. Non-human primates can learn to value tokens as placeholders for primary rewards (such as food). With those tokens established as a potential form of ‘currency’, it is then possible to examine how they respond to opportunities to earn and use tokens in ways such as accumulating tokens or exchanging tokens with each other or with human experimenters to gain primary rewards. Sometimes, individuals make efficient and beneficial choices to obtain tokens and then exchange them at the right moments to gain optimal reward. Sometimes, they even accumulate such rewards through extended delay of gratification, or through other exchange-based interactions. Thus, non-human primates are capable of associating value to arbitrary tokens that may function as currency-like stimuli, but there also are strong limitations on how non-human primates can integrate such tokens into choice situations or use such tokens to fully ‘symbolize’ economic decision-making. These limitations are important to acknowledge when considering the evolutionary emergence of currency use in our species.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
VEGFA’s distal enhancer regulates its alternative splicing in CML
Authors: Dahan Sara , Cohen Klil , Bentata Mercedes , Engal Eden , Siam Ahmad , Kay Gillian , Drier Yotam , Elias Shlomo , Salton Maayan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnhancer demethylation in leukemia and lymphoma was shown to lead to overexpression of genes which promote cancer characteristics. The vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) enhancer, located 157 Kb downstream of its promoter, is demethylated in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). VEGFA has several alternative splicing isoforms with different roles in vascularization and cancer progression. Since transcription and splicing are coupled in space and time, we hypothesized that the VEGFA enhancer can also regulate the gene’s alternative splicing to contribute to the pathology of CML. Our results show that mutating the VEGFA +157 enhancer promotes exclusion of exons 6b and 7 and activating the enhancer by tethering a chromatin activator has the opposite effect. In line with these results, CML patients display high enhancer activity and inclusion of VEGFA exons 6b and 7. To search for a key protein connecting transcription with alternative splicing, we analyzed 161 chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq experiments for DNA binding proteins and found that PML and CCNT2 bind VEGFA’s promoter and enhancer. CCNT2 is a positive regulator of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription elongation and indeed its silencing promotes exclusion of exons 6b and 7. Slowing down RNAPII elongation promotes exclusion of exons 6b and 7. Thus our results suggest that VEGFA’s +157 enhancer regulates its alternative splicing by increasing RNAPII elongation rate via CCNT2. Our work demonstrates the importance of the interplay between transcription and alternative splicing.
Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals penaeid shrimp hemocyte subpopulations and cell differentiation process
Authors: Koiwai Keiichiro , Koyama Takashi , Tsuda Soichiro , Toyoda Atsushi , Kikuchi Kiyoshi , Suzuki Hiroaki , Kawano Ryuji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCrustacean aquaculture is expected to be a major source of fishery commodities in the near future. Hemocytes are key players of the immune system in shrimps; however, their classification, maturation, and differentiation are still under debate. To date, only discrete and inconsistent information on the classification of shrimp hemocytes has been reported, showing that the morphological characteristics are not sufficient to resolve their actual roles. Our present study using single-cell RNA sequencing, revealed nine types of hemocytes ofMarsupenaeus japonicusbased on their transcriptional profiles. We identified markers of each subpopulation and the differentiation pathways involved in their maturation. We also discovered cell growth factors that might play crucial roles in hemocyte differentiation. Different immune roles among these subpopulations were suggested from the analysis of differentially expressed immune-related genes. These results provide a unified classification of shrimp hemocytes, which improves the understanding of its immune system.
Evolutionary processes driving the rise and fall ofStaphylococcus aureusST239, a dominant hybrid pathogen
Authors: Gill Jacqueline L. , Hedge Jessica , Wilson Daniel J. , MacLean R. Craig 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStaphylococcus aureusST239 has been one of the most successful epidemic MRSA strains, and one of the leading causes of healthcare-associated MRSA infections. Here we investigate the evolution of ST239 using a combination of computational and experimental approaches. ST239 is thought to have emerged by a large scale chromosomal replacement event in which an ST8 clone acquired approximately 600 kb of DNA from an ST30 clone. Analysis of large-scale genomic data sets allowed us to confirm and refine the model of the origin of ST239. Importantly, we found that ST239 originated between the 1920s and 1945, implying that this MRSA lineage evolved at least 14 years before the clinical introduction of methicillin. Molecular evolution within ST239 has been dominated by purifying selection, although we found some evidence that the acquired region of the genome has evolved rapidly as a result of relaxed selective constraints. Crucially, we found that ST239 isolates have low competitive ability relative to both ST30 and ST8, demonstrating that this hybrid lineage is characterized by low fitness. We also found evidence of positive selection in a small number of genes involved in antibiotic resistance and virulence, suggesting that ST239 has evolved towards an increasingly pathogenic lifestyle. Collectively, these results support the view that low fitness has driven the recent decline of ST239, and highlight the challenge of using evolutionary approaches to understand the dynamics of pathogenic bacteria.
Kinetic characterization of the interaction of NO with the S2and S3-states of the oxygen-evolving complex of Photosystem II
Authors: Schansker Gert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe reactivity of the S3and S2states towards NO and NH2OH was studied and compared using the period-4 oscillations in the F0-value induced by a train of single turnover Xenon flashes spaced 100 ms apart to monitor the reaction kinetics. The flash frequency also determined the time resolution of the assay, i.e. 100 ms. The S2and S3-states were created by one and two single turnover pre-flashes, respectively. The NO-concentration-dependence of the S3-decay indicated that at low NO-concentrations an S2-state was formed as an intermediate, whereas at higher concentrations a seemingly monophasic decay to the S1-state was observed. The sigmoidal concentration dependence indicated that a fast interaction of the S3-state with (at least) two NO-molecules is necessary for the fast S3to S1decay (τ ~0.4 s at 1.2 mM NO). The pH-dependence of the S3-decay suggests that a protonation-reaction (pK ~6.9) is involved in the S3to S1decay. At intermediate NO-concentrations the protonation is only partially rate limiting, since the pH effect is more pronounced at high compared to intermediate NO-concentrations. A comparison of the reactivity of NO and hydroxylamine suggests that hydroxylamine reacts more efficiently with the S1and S2states, whereas NO reacts more efficiently with the S3-state. Based on our present knowledge of the oxygen evolving complex a possible reaction mechanism is proposed for the interaction between NO and the S3state.