bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling metabolomics and exome sequencing reveals graded effects of rare damaging heterozygous variants on gene function and human traits
Authors: Scherer Nora , Fässler Daniel , Borisov Oleg , Cheng Yurong , Schlosser Pascal , Wuttke Matthias , Haug Stefan , Li Yong , Telkämper Fabian , Patil Suraj , Meiselbach Heike , Wong Casper , Berger Urs , Sekula Peggy , Hoppmann Anselm , Schultheiss Ulla T. , Mozaffari Sahar , Xi Yannan , Graham Robert , Schmidts Miriam , Köttgen Michael , Oefner Peter J. , Knauf Felix , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Grünert Sarah C. , Estrada Karol , Thiele Ines , Hertel Johannes , Köttgen Anna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Genetic studies of the metabolome can uncover enzymatic and transport processes shaping human metabolism. Using rare variant aggregation testing based on whole-exome sequencing data to detect genes associated with levels of 1,294 plasma and 1,396 urine metabolites, we discovered 235 gene–metabolite associations, many previously unreported. Complementary approaches (genetic, computational (in silico gene knockouts in whole-body models of human metabolism) and one experimental proof of principle) provided orthogonal evidence that studies of rare, damaging variants in the heterozygous state permit inferences concordant with those from inborn errors of metabolism. Allelic series of functional variants in transporters responsible for transcellular sulfate reabsorption (SLC13A1, SLC26A1) exhibited graded effects on plasma sulfate and human height and pinpointed alleles associated with increased odds of diverse musculoskeletal traits and diseases in the population. This integrative approach can identify new players in incompletely characterized human metabolic reactions and reveal metabolic readouts informative of human traits and diseases.
Endohedral boron-doped scandium clusters BmScn−m+/0 (m = 2–3, n = 3–13): triangular – linear rearrangement of the B3 dopant
Authors: Nguyen-Ha Bao-Ngan , Tam Nguyen Minh , Pham-Ho My Phuong , Nguyen Minh Tho 
Published: January 2025

A DFT study using the PBE functional and Def2-TZVP basis set explores the geometric and electronic structures and properties of boron-doped scandium clusters BmScn−m+/0 (m = 2–3, n = 3–13).
Cochlea-Implantat-Versorgung mit besonderem Blick auf die kindliche
Versorgung
Authors: Lesinski-Schiedat Anke 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungTherapie der Wahl bei Schwerhörigkeit, die durch Schädigungen im Innenohr
verursacht wird, ist ein Hörgerät. Dieses gilt unabhängig vom Lebensalter. Bei
hochgradiger Schwerhörigkeit bis zur Taubheit sowohl bei Erwachsenen als auch
insbesondere bei Kindern stellt mittlerweile die Versorgung mit einem
Cochlea-Implantat die Standardversorgung dar. Sie ermöglicht ein
Sprachverstehen, das auch zum Telefonieren geeignet ist, und gewährleistet eine
soziale wie auch berufliche Integration und eine im Vergleich zu Normalhörenden
vergleichbare Bildungschance.
Use of the mini-forceps traction-assisted cannulation technique when standard ERCP methods fail: Single-center retrospective study
Authors: Mishra Ankit , Meade Charles , Schulman Allison R. , Philips George , Machicado Jorge D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThere are few salvage techniques for achieving biliary cannulation when no duct can be accessed.We retrospectively reviewed 10 consecutive cases in which the mini-forceps traction-assisted cannulation technique (MFTAC) was used after failure of any duct access during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Outcomes included technical success, use of adjunct techniques; time to biliary access; and adverse events (AEs).Most patients had a native papilla (n = 9) of peri-diverticular location (n = 5) and a benign indication (n = 6). Standard cannulation was unsuccessful over 8:23 mm:ss (interquartile range [IQR] 6:04–19:43). MFTAC had 100% technical success, achieved biliary access after 17:38 mm:ss (IQR 8:52–20:31), and had a 10% incidence of AEs (post-ERCP pancreatitis). MFTAC was sufficient to allow biliary cannulation in three cases and allowed pancreatic duct access in seven cases, which then allowed biliary cannulation with double-wire technique (5/10) and transpancreatic septotomy (2/10).MFTAC is a feasible salvage approach for biliary access when standard cannulation methods fail.
Efficacy and safety of conservative treatment for colonic diverticular bleeding: Prospective study
Authors: Doi Hirosato , Takahashi Masanori , Sasajima Keita , Yoshii Takehiro , Chinzei Ryo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis prospective study aimed to establish the efficacy and safety of conservative treatment for non-severe cases of colonic diverticular bleeding and to verify whether early colonoscopy is necessary only in limited cases.Patients who were urgently hospitalized due to hematochezia and were diagnosed with colonic diverticular bleeding were included. During hospitalization, early colonoscopy within 24 hours after admission was performed only when both systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg and extravasation on contrast-enhanced computed tomography were observed. However, in patients who failed to recover from hemorrhagic shock, interventional radiology was performed. In other cases, patients received conservative treatment.Of the 172 patients, 15 (8.7%) met the criteria for undergoing early colonoscopy; 12 and three attained successful hemostasis via early colonoscopy and interventional radiology, respectively. Meanwhile, 157 patients received conservative treatment, resulting in spontaneous hemostasis in 148 patients (94.3%). The remaining nine patients required hemostatic intervention. No patient died from bleeding. Between the conservative treatment and the urgent hemostasis groups, the early rebleeding rate within 30 days (14.6% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.0733) and the overall 1-year cumulative rebleeding rate after 30 days of hospitalization (9.2% vs. 23.1%, P = 0.2271) were not significant. In multivariate analyses, only systolic blood pressure and extravasation were associated with a requirement for hemostatic intervention in 24 patients. Moreover, multivariate analyses showed that a history of diverticular bleeding, undergoing hemodialysis, or use of oral thienopyridine were significantly associated with late rebleeding.Conservative treatment for non-severe colonic diverticular bleeding is appropriate and efficient.
Controllable Hydrodebromination of Tribromomethyl Groups via Lewis Base–Borane-Mediated Ionic and Radical Pathways
Authors: Zhang Feng-Lian , Wang Yi-Feng , Liu Yan , Phang Yee Lin , Jin Ji-Kang , Xu Wen-Ping 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCompounds bearing mono- and dibromomethyl groups are extensively utilized in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. In this regard, selective debromination of readily or easily accessible tribromomethyl compounds offers a direct and efficient method to access those two moieties. In this work, we introduced Lewis base–borane-mediated selective hydrodebromination of tribromomethyl groups via ionic or radical pathway. Using 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine–borane (DMAP-BH3) as a hydride donor, monohydrodebromination of tribromomethyl groups was achieved via nucleophilic substitution by hydride, delivering dibromomethyl groups. On the other hand, treatment of tribromomethyl compounds with an N-heterocyclic carbene–borane (NHC-BH2CN) as a boryl radical precursor in the presence of dilauroyl peroxide (DLP) as radical initiator afforded monobromomethyl compounds through consecutive bromine atom abstractions to cleave two C–Br bonds. Various tribromomethyl group bearing acetamides and acetates were applied in this developed protocol, showcasing good functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope.
Surface structure characterization of rubrene(001) single crystal with sum frequency generation spectroscopy and reflection high-energy electron diffraction
Authors: Shah S. A. , Vali H. , Okaue Daijiro , Fukui Ken-ichi , Yang D.-S. , Baldelli S. 
Published: January 2025

Rubrene is one of the leading organic semiconductors in scientific and industrial research, showing good conductivities and utilities in devices such as organic field-effect transistors. In these applications, the rubrene crystals often contact ionic liquids and other materials. Consequently, their surface properties and interfacial interactions influence the device’s performance. Although rubrene has been extensively studied with multiple structure characterization techniques, a complete description of the structure of rubrene single-crystal surfaces at the molecular level remains elusive. This study elucidates the molecular orientation and arrangement on the surface of rubrene single crystals with sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy and reflection high-energy electron diffraction, respectively. The results confirm the near-surface unit cells with in-plane lattice parameters of a = 7.24 Å and b = 14.3 Å and an out-of-plane constant of c = 26.9 Å. Furthermore, the SFG analysis yields the tilt and rotation angles of θ = 15° and φ = 43° with respect to the crystalline c and a axes, respectively, and an in-plane twist of ψ = 3° for the surface phenyl rings.
Measurement and characterization of internal delamination defects in CFRP based on line laser thermography frequency domain analysis
Authors: Fu Yu , Zhou Guangyu , Zhang Zhijie , Yin Wuliang 
Published: January 2025

Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are widely used in fields such as aviation and aerospace. However, subtle defects can significantly impact the material’s service life, making defect detection a critical priority. In this paper, delamination defects in CFRP are detected using line laser infrared thermography, and a defect characterization algorithm that combines differential thermography with a frequency-domain filter is proposed. This approach effectively eliminates the trailing phenomenon caused by line laser scanning and produces defect feature images with a higher signal-to-noise ratio. The size of the processed defects is then measured using pixel deviation values combined with K-means edge detection. The results show that the measured dimensions of defects are larger than the actual dimensions at the initial stage of cooling after excitation and smaller than the actual dimensions at the end of the cooling phase. The maximum measurement error for defect size was 2.74 mm2 throughout the measurement interval. In addition, defect depth evaluation was achieved by fitting the curve of defect depth against the peak value in the frequency domain, with the resultant R-square value were all higher than 0.9877. This confirms the validity and accuracy of the methodology used in this study.
Magnetic topological Weyl fermions in half-metallic In2CoSe4
Authors: Bai Xiaosong , Wang Yan , Yang Wenwen , Xu Qiunan , Liu Wenjian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Magnetic Weyl semimetals (WSMs) have recently attracted much attention due to their potential in realizing strong anomalous Hall effects. Yet, how to design such systems remains unclear. Based on first-principles calculations, we show here that the ferromagnetic half-metallic compound In2CoSe4 has several pairs of Weyl points and is hence a good candidate for magnetic WSM. These Weyl points would approach the Fermi level gradually as the Hubbard U increases, and finally disappear after a critical value

U
c

. The range of the Hubbard U that can realize the magnetic WSM state can be expanded by pressure, manifesting the practical utility of the present prediction. Moreover, by generating two surface terminations at Co or In atom after cleaving the compound at the Co–Se bonds, the nontrivial Fermi arcs connecting one pair of Weyl points with opposite chirality are discovered in surface states. Furthermore, it is possible to observe the nontrivial surface state experimentally, e.g. angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements. As such, the present findings imply strongly a new magnetic WSM which may host a large anomalous Hall conductivity.
Methodology for determination of the emissivity of metal powders and uncertainty quantification using an infrared camera and thermocouples
Authors: Cullinan Michael , Vasilevskyi Oleksandr , Allison Jared 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Experimental studies were carried out to determine the temperature and emissivity of 316L powder steel. It was found that the emissivity of powder steel varied from 0.33 to 0.58 in the temperature range from 59 °C to 900 °C. Based on the proposed methodology for quantitative assessment of temperature measurement uncertainty, it was established that the maximum value of the relative combined uncertainty in temperature measurement does not exceed 5.5%. Using the measure of agreement (normalized deviation), it was confirmed that the obtained results demonstrated the laboratory’s sufficient technical competence.
SS-DETR: a strong sensing DETR road obstacle detection model based on camera sensors for autonomous driving
Authors: Li Xiaomei , Deng Xiong , Wu Xiaoyong , Xie Zhijiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As a key step in obstacle avoidance and path planning, obstacle detection via camera sensors is crucial for autonomous driving. The real traffic road environment is complex and variable, and the existing obstacle detection algorithms still have the problem of insufficient sensing ability. Therefore, this work suggests a camera sensors-based Strong Sensing DEtection TRansformer (SS-DETR) obstacle detection model for autonomous driving. Firstly, receptive-field attention ResNet is designed to improve feature analysis and extraction performance by considering the importance of receptive field spatial features and channels. Then, an intra-scale feature interaction module based on multiple information fusion attention is created to strengthen the representation of advanced feature maps. Furthermore, the cross-scale feature-fusion module is optimized to extract more detailed information from multi-scale feature maps. Finally, a localization loss function based on L1 and Powerful Intersection over Union v2 is implemented to further boost the detection performance. To verify the efficacy of the suggested model, the KITTI dataset containing camera sensors-based road obstacle images is adopted. The experimental results reveal that compared to real-time DETR, SS-DETR improves mean average precision (mAP)@50:95 and mAP@50 by 2.4% and 1.9%, respectively, and has a real-time inference speed of 33.7 frames per second. To further confirm the generalization ability of the approach, experiments are conducted on the camera sensors-based Cityscapes dataset. The results divulge that the suggested strategy can effectively raise the detection accuracy of obstacles, and offer a fresh perspective on obstacle identification.
Regional real-time GNSS satellite clock error estimation and real-time PPP service application
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Li Haojun , Hu Guo , Li Zhicheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The regional global navigation satellite system (GNSS) real-time high-precision satellite clock error estimation is crucial for delivering accurate regional precise point positioning (PPP) services. To address challenges such as estimation accuracy, time consumption, uneven distribution of stations, and network latency in regional networks, which compromise the timeliness and accuracy of real-time satellite clock error services, an improved method for real-time clock error estimation and service is proposed. This method employs a satellite clock error model that utilizes polynomial and harmonic-based functions. It directly estimates the model coefficients using phase and pseudorange observation data from a regional GNSS network. PPP users can use these coefficients to derive satellite clock errors at any given time. The proposed method streamlines the process of real-time clock error estimation and service, potentially increasing service availability for GPS and BDS-3 by up to 16.1% and 21.3%, respectively. The clock error accuracy estimated by the proposed method is comparable to that of the single-epoch estimation method, while enabling PPP users to access 1–3 additional satellites clock error service. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed clock error estimation method enhances the accuracy of both static and kinematic PPP, with a maximum improvement of approximately 33.3%. Additionally, it reduces positioning convergence time to varying degrees, with the most significant reduction being about 4.9 min. Overall, the proposed method not only improves the timeliness of real-time clock error services but also extends their availability. It proves to be both feasible and effective in enhancing positioning accuracy and accelerating convergence.
Effect of FLASH dose-rate and oxygen concentration in the production of H2O2 in cellular-like media versus water: a Monte Carlo track-structure study
Authors: D-Kondo J Naoki , Borys Damian , Ruciński Antoni , Brzozowska Beata , Masilela Thongchai A M , Grochowska-Tatarczak Magdalena , Węgrzyn Magdalena , Ramos-Mendez José 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. To study the effect of dose-rate in the time evolution of chemical yields produced in pure water versus a cellular-like environment for FLASH radiotherapy research. Approach. A version of TOPAS-nBio with Tau–Leaping algorithm was used to simulate the homogenous chemistry stage of water radiolysis using three chemical models: (1) liquid water model that considered scavenging of e
aq
−, H• by dissolved oxygen; (2) Michaels & Hunt model that considered scavenging of •OH, e
aq
‒, and H• by biomolecules existing in cellular environment; (3) Wardman model that considered model 2) and the non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH). H2O2 concentrations at conventional and FLASH dose-rates were compared with published measurements. Model 3) was used to estimate DNA single-strand break (SSB) yields and compared with published data. SSBs were estimated from simulated yields of DNA hydrogen abstraction and attenuation factors to account for the scavenging capacity of the medium. The simulation setup consisted of monoenergetic protons (100 MeV) delivered in pulses at conventional (0.2857

Gy s

−1) and FLASH (500

Gy s

−1) dose rates. Dose varied from 5–20 Gy, and oxygen concentration from 10 µM–1 mM. Main Results. At the steady state, for model (1), H2O2 concentration differed by 81.5%± 4.0% between FLASH and conventional dose-rates. For models (2) and (3) the differences were within 8.0%± 4.8%, and calculated SSB yields agreed with published data within 3.8%± 1.2%. A maximum oxygen concentration difference of 60% and 50% for models (2) and (3) between conventional and FLASH dose-rates was found between 2 × 106 and 9 × 1013 ps for 20 Gy of absorbed dose. Significance. The findings highlight the importance of developing more advanced cellular models to account for both the chemical and biological factors that comprise the FLASH effect. It was found that differences between pure water and cellular environment models were significant and extrapolating results between the two should be avoided. Observed differences call for further experimental investigation.
Monte Carlo in the mechanistic modelling of the FLASH effect: a review
Authors: Pikes Gavin , Dass Joshua , Gill Suki , Ebert Martin , Reynolds Mark , Rowshanfarzad Pejman 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
FLASH radiotherapy employs ultra-high dose rates of

>

40

Gy s−1, which may reduce normal tissue complication as compared to conventional dose rate treatments, while still ensuring the same level of tumour control. The potential benefit this can offer to patients has been the cause of great interest within the radiation oncology community, but this has not translated to a direct understanding of the FLASH effect. The oxygen depletion and inter-track interaction hypotheses are currently the leading explanations as to the mechanisms behind FLASH, but these are still not well understood, with many questions remaining about the exact underpinnings of FLASH and the treatment parameters required to optimally induce it. Monte Carlo simulations may hold the key to unlocking the mystery behind FLASH, allowing for analysis of the underpinning mechanisms at a fundamental level, where the interactions between individual radiation particles, DNA strands and chemical species can be studied. Currently, however, there is still a great deal of disagreement in simulation findings and the importance of the different mechanisms they support. This review discusses current studies into the mechanisms of FLASH using the Monte Carlo method. The simulation parameters and results for all major investigations are provided. Discussion primarily revolves around the oxygen depletion and inter-track interactions hypotheses, though other, more novel, theories are also mentioned. A general list of recommendations for future simulations is provided, informed by the articles discussed. This review highlights some of the useful parameters and simulation methodologies that may be required to finally understand the FLASH effect.
A stick-slip piezoelectric actuator designed via the asymmetric friction
Authors: Li Honglong , Sun Fengmin , Lv Jing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes an asymmetric friction driving method to address the backward motion issue of stick-slip piezoelectric actuators. The optimization of the driving foot is conducted using the flexibility matrix and finite element simulation method. A general dynamic model of the asymmetric frictional stick-slip piezoelectric actuator is developed to validate the feasibility of the proposed method. Additionally, the dynamics model is utilized to analyze the smooth motion mechanism. A prototype is manufactured and tested, with experimental results demonstrating that the new piezoelectric actuator achieves smooth motion. Compared to traditional stick-slip piezoelectric actuators, which typically exhibit a backward motion rate of more than 5%, the displacement of the proposed actuator shows no backward motion when the driving voltage is increased from 25 V to 125 V. This result verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, this actuator features a compact structure and offers high motion stability, operating smoothly at low driving voltages and frequencies. These findings lay a theoretical and experimental foundation for future research and expand the potential applications of stick-slip piezoelectric actuators.
Multi-pulse Fourier codes for bit transmission at the quantum limit
Authors: Rosati Matteo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bit-transmission can be enhanced by the use of quantum detection techniques, realizing a joint-detection receiver (JDR) that is able to decode transmitted signals via a collective operation and achieve the Holevo channel capacity. Explicit JDR designs proposed so far employ the Hadamard or Fourier transform to perform a phase-to-intensity translation of the information encoding, effectively falling in the class of on-off-keying (OOK) modulation techniques; they improve over classical decoders but fall short of the Holevo capacity, particularly at large signal mean photon number

n
≳
1

. Here we introduce new families of decoders based on multi-pulse and multi-level codes. We compute the rate of these codes exactly, and provide a comprehensive study of their performance. We show that multi-pulse codes can approach the rate of OOK closely, providing a simplified design for quantum-enhanced communication in the photon-starved regime; furthermore, multi-level codes can approach generalized-OOK strategies with multiple pulse types, thus they can be employed in the larger photon-number regime.