bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of biochemical parameters in pregnant women in III trimester with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Authors: Pendli Ganesh , Chandana G. , Balaji Surekha , Devi Varaprasad M. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction and Aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the common causes of liver cirrhosis among general population.Studieshave identified NAFLD and evaluated lipid profile in pregnant women. Some have explored association that existed between lipid levels and adverse pregnancy outcome in western countries. Our aim was to find the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in pregnant women among rural population in their III trimester and to assess dyslipidemia in these women.

Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study conducted on 101 rural pregnant women coming for antenatal visits in their third trimester to Dept.,of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,PESIMSR, Kuppam.Liver scan was done during the regular obstetric scan to identify NAFLD. All pregnant women underwent lipid profile testing (Triglyceride,Total Cholesterol, HDL,LDL,VLDL).

Results: There was a 1% prevalence of NAFLD among 101 rural expectant mothers.Lipid profile significantly (p<0.05)increased with increased BMI, parity and highly educated and fairly good socioeconomic background. Women with higher body mass index and triglyceride levels delivered babies with large birth weight(p<0.05).

Conclusion: There are metabolic derangements in pregnant women leading to dyslipidemia even among those who did not have NAFLD. High parity women and those with high atherogenicity are at cardiovascular risk diseases in future. We suggest further studies to establish biological reference ranges for lipid profile during pregnancy. There is a need for, pregnant women to be assessed for dyslipidemia and screened for NAFLD by scanning liver along with routine obstetric scan in tertiary care centre.
Optimization and green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle using Garcinia cambogia leaf and evaluation of their antioxidant and anticancer property in kidney cancer (A498) cell lines
Authors: Jayakar Varsha , Lokapur Vinayak , Nityasree B. R. , Chalannavar Raju Krishna , Lasrado Lyned D. , Shantaram Manjula 
Published: July 2021

Introduction and Aim: In 21stcentury, nanomedicine has turned out to be an emergent modulus operation for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The current study includes the optimization and green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from the leaves of Garcinia cambogia and interpretation of its antioxidant and anticancer activity.

Materials and Methods: Synthesized ZnO NPs were investigated by UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, HR-TEM, SAED, particle size distribution and DLS analysis. Furthermore, different antioxidant assays were conducted for evaluating the antioxidant activity of (ZnO NPs) and its anticancer activity using (A498) cell lines along with non-cancerous (HEK-293) cell line using MTT assay and XTT assay.

Results: The UV–visible spectrum showed an absorption peak at 277 nm that reflects surface plasmon resonance (SPR) ZnONPs. The presence of various functional groups was confirmed by FTIR analysis. XRD patterns indicated that the ZnO NPs had a single-phase nature with the wurtzite structure. SEM, TEM pictures confirmed the size and shape of synthesized Nanoparticles ranges of 11–32 nm and mostly hexagonal forms. The Zeta potential value of 57.9 mV revealed the surface charge of green synthesized ZnONPs. The cytotoxicity of the ZnO NPs with various concentrations (6.25 to 200 µg/mL) was measured in (A498) cell lines along with non-cancerous (HEK-293) cell line. After the exposure, to MTT and XTT assay, cellular morphology studies showed that the cancer cell viability decreased with increasing ZnO NP concentration.

Conclusion: The synthesized ZnONPs via a green synthetic route could be developed as anti-cancer agent against cancer cells.
Impact of quality of life between old age homes and family households in geriatric population
Authors: Areeckal Anju Shaju , Arunkumar Nayanatara , Sheila R. Pai 
Published: July 2021

Introduction and Aim: Life satisfaction is a key aspect of psycho-social study of aging. Social relationships and involvement in activities are key protective factors in maintaining cognitive and functional ability in elderly. The aim of this study is to compare the quality of life (1) among the elderly people living in old age homes and those living with their family, (2) among elderly men and women in Mangalore.

Materials and Methods: Study group consists of 160 elderly subjects above the age of 60 years, selected from old-agehomes and urban families in Mangalore. The quality of life is assessed using the questionnaires from the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL).

Results: The elderly persons living with their family had a better social relationship and social participation than those living at old age homes (p<0.001). The elderly at old age homes had a better personal and intimate relationship than those living with their family (p<0.001). The elderly men had a better social relationship compared to elderly women (p<0.05).The social participation and intimate relationship was not significantly different for elderly men and women.

Conclusion: Lack of support from family degrades quality of life of elderly. The elderly who experiences social isolation and loneliness are at a greater risk for morbidity, depression and cognitivedecline. Hence, it is the responsibility of every individual to work towards the improvement of quality of life in the elderly population.
Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract anda study of antibacterial effect against multi-drug resistance Gram-negativebacteria
Authors: Reyam F. Saleh , Ayad M Gaidan 
Published: July 2021

Introduction and Aim:Nanoparticles for some metals can be used in the treatment of diseases caused by different pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics due to the antibacterial properties of thesenanoparticles.In the current study, thesynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag) from Cinnamon zeylanicum bark extractwas investigated.

Materials and Methods:One mL of cinnamon bark extract was added to 50mL of 1mM of the silver nitrate (AgNO3). After incubation time of bark extract with AgNO3at room temperature for 1-18hours, the silver nanoparticles synthesis through changed colour of the mixture to dark brown.The UV, TEM and FT-IR analysis were carried out to characterize the biosynthesized Ag-NPs, UV-Vis scan showed absorption around 435 nm while TEM showedAg-NPs spherical shape and the sizes of the and FT-IR spectrum detected the presence of different functional groups responsible for reduction and stability of Ag-NPs in an aqueous solution.

Results:Biosynthesized Ag-NPs showed inhibitory effect against someGram-negative bacterial species that have complete resistance to the antibiotics P, NA, VA, E, TE. The inhibition zone of Ag-NPs wasdetermined as follows (Citrobacter freundii19mm, Klebsiella pneumonae23mm, E.coli 23mm, Enterobacter spp 20 mm, Acinetobacter baumannii20mm.Therefore, Ag-NPs can be used as alternative treatment for some antibiotics.

Conclusion: The Ag-NPs can be successfully prepared form Cinnamomum bark plant. Besides their low cost, these NPs had an antibacterial effect especially against Gram negative bacteria which had a complete resistance to the most common antibiotics
Assessment of the routinely used surface disinfectants in hospital care settings by using different quantitative methods
Authors: Prakasam Praveen Kumar , Bhosale Namrata K. , Seetha K.S. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction and Aim: Disinfectants play a vital role in the prevention of nosocomial infections. A variety of disinfectants with different mechanism of action are available in the market. Most of the hospitals and health care centres select the disinfectants trusting the claims made by the manufacturers which may not be authentic.

Materials and Methods: Plenty of standardised in-house disinfection testing methods are available but because of their complex procedure most of them are not feasible. Thus, in our study we employed a simple “quantitative suspension method” for testing the efficiency of the disinfectants. Commercially available disinfectants- Srivlon, Emplura, Hospal-OT, and NICE were tested against three nosocomial pathogens - Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA, and Candida albicans.

Results: In this study, the commercial disinfectants wereacted effectively against all the three organisms. Hospal-OT had the maximum bactericidal activity followed bySrivlondisinfectant.

Conclusion: Our study concluded that all the four commercial disinfectants were acted against the pathogens viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA and Candida albicans. Among four disinfectants, Srivlon needs a regular monitoring because of poor performance. Therefore, the proper usage of concentration and contact period of disinfectant will provide an efficient action against the pathogenic microbial population.
Effect of short-term mental stress on time- domain indices of heart rate variability in obese individuals – A case- control study
Authors: S.A. Priya , Rajalakshmi R. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction and Aim: Mental stress may impact dramatically on dynamic autonomic control on heart. Many studies have demonstrated association of high body mass index (BMI) with greater risk for cardiovascular disease with disturbance in autonomic neuronal activity. Analysis of Heart rate variability (HRV)during acute mental stress assesses the autonomic status of the individual. Hence, we aimed to study the effect of acute mental stress on time domain measures in obese adults.

Materials and Methods:Sixty male volunteers of 30 each in study group (obese individuals) and control group (non-obese individuals) were recruited for the study. A basal recording of ECG in lead II was done on all the individuals. Then they underwent mental arithmetic stress task for 5 minutes during which again ECG was recorded. The change in time domain measures of HRV during rest and stress task was analyzed and compared between both the groups.

Results: Analysis of time domain measures of HRV revealed a statistically significant increase (p ? 0.001) in mean heart rate in both obese and non-obese individuals, while rMSSD(root mean square differences of successive RR interval) and SDNN (standard deviation of all NN intervals) showed a statistically significant (p? 0.001) decrease in obese individuals and non-obese individuals did not show any statistically significant change during the mental stress task.

Conclusion: In response to acute mental stress there was increased heart rate in both the groups. But the autonomic neuronal activity differed by way of sympathetic dominance in non-obese individuals and parasympathetic withdrawal in obese individuals.
Pattern of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and its clinical correlates
Authors: Sachdeva Ankur , Kumar Vipin , Rizvi S. Aijaz Abbas , Khullar Shilpa , Akbar Abidi Syed Sibte , Das Asim 
Published: July 2021

Introduction and Aim: Management strategies of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome could be optimized if patients with greater risk are identified early and treated aggressively. Studying the pattern and predictors of alcohol withdrawal syndrome was the main objective of our study.

Materials and Methods: A total of 100 consenting male patients in the age group of 18-60 years diagnosed with alcohol dependence and uncomplicated alcohol withdrawal undergoing in-patient detoxification in tertiary care center in north India were included in the study. A semi structured proforma was used to collect socio-demographic data, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used as screening tool and Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessmentfor Alcohol-revised (CIWA- Ar) was used to assess severity of withdrawal.

Results: Symptoms like difficulty in orientation, seizures and hallucinations were relatively specific for severe AWS, while tremors and anxiety were common to all the patients and were non-specific for predicting severity of AWS. The severity of AWS symptoms correlated significantly with increasing age, duration of alcohol use and AUDIT score.

Conclusion:We concluded that increasing age, longer duration of alcohol use, higher AUDIT score and symptoms related to hallucinations, orientation and seizure are linked to severe alcohol withdrawal. Prior knowledge of these predictors will help to identify the patients at risk of severe alcohol withdrawal so that individual care can be enhanced.
A study of second to fourth digit ratio in relation to verbal and numerical intelligence among medical students
Authors: Vidya G. B. , Bhat S , Kavitha L.B. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction and Aim: Prenatal androgens are believed to be one of the probable etiological factors influencing intellectual development of an individual. In-utero testosterone exposure has been thought to affect the digit ratio which is the ratio of lengths of index finger and ring finger (2D:4D). In the present work we intended to study the correlation of 2D:4D with numerical and verbal intelligence believed to be variable among genders. The aim of our study was to find the association of 2D:4D with Verbal Intelligence and Numerical Intelligence in a sample of medical students.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a sample of medical students. 44 female and 44 male students participated in the study. 2D:4D measurements were made using standard procedure after which the participants completed a questionnaire containing 20 questions each to test numerical and verbal intelligence.

Results: In this study, Males were found to have a lower 2D:4D when compared to females. Individuals with lower 2D:4D in their right-hand were seen to have lower verbal intelligence and higher numerical intelligence thus suggesting that males are born with better numerical intelligence and females with greater verbal intelligence.

Conclusion: Digit ratio can be considered as a valuable indicator of individual differences in terms of intelligence, although the exact role of testosterone on brain to cause variation in these cognitive domains is yet to be clearly understood.
Efficacy of task-oriented training vs proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on mobility and balance in spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Rajalaxmi V. , Swetha P , Deepthi R.N.V. , Sathya Raja , Omana S , Siva Pragasam S. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction and Aim:One of the most significant and common clinical finding in a majority of children with (CP)is difficulty in walking and exhibiting poor balance control which results in poor gait and reaching movements as maintenance of stability is critical. There are numerous approaches, protocols and treatment strategies to improve balance and gait control. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of task- oriented training and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises (PNF)on mobility and balance in spastic cerebral palsy.

Methodology: This was a comparative study design with pre-post type 20 samples were selected based on the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups. Group A received task-oriented training and group B proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and Pre & post measurements were done using paediatric balance scale and timed up and go test.

Results:On comparing the post-test values of group A and group B both the group showed significant difference with the pre-test, on comparing the post-test values of group A and group B, group A showed better significance than group B.

Conclusion: The present study concluded that there seems to be evidence that task-oriented training is more beneficial in training program for increasing the mobility and balance in spastic cerebral palsy comparing to proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation.
Role of isosorbide mononitrate in induction of labour: A single arm clinical trial at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Archana Sinha , Sneh Kiran , Sushant Sharma , Dipali Prasad , Sadia Parween 
Published: July 2021

Introduction and Aim:Isosorbide mononitrate, a nitric oxide donor, induces the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase-2, leading to production of local prostaglandins in human cervix and leads to structural rearrangement of the collagen network and thereby the cervix ripens.The aim of this study was to determine the role of Isosorbide mononitrate in induction of labour, determine induction delivery interval and obstetric and neonatal outcome.

Materials and Methods:This study was an interventional study on 40 pregnant women conducted for a period of one year. Women requiring induction of labour, who met the inclusion criteria, were enrolled. Isosorbide mononitrate (40 milligrams) was inserted in the posterior fornix. If Bishop's score did not change after 24 hours of the initial dose, failure of induction of labour was considered.Those patients in whom labour pains started after isosorbide mononitrate alone were considered to be in successful group(A) while those who required additional drugs like prostaglandins were considered to be in the failed group(F).

Results:The mean (SD) Bishop score after 1dose of isosorbide mononitrate in the successful group (A) was 6.04 (2.16) and in the failed group (F) was 3.81 (0.83). There was a significant difference in terms of Bishop Score after 1st Dose of IMN (W = 310.000, p = 0.001) and in terms of induction-delivery time in hours (t = -2.386, p = 0.023).

Conclusion:This study concludes that Isosorbide mononitrate has significant role for induction of labor in terms of Bishop score changes and induction delivery interval.
Diagnosis of bacterial blood stream infections in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using 16S rRNA sequencing method
Authors: Jabbar S. Hassan , Fuad Ghazi Hassan , Ali Zaidan 
Published: July 2021

Introduction and Aim: Patients, who are positive for Coronavirus disease 2019 in association with bacterial co-infection may be more severe, the treatment is more problematic, and the treatment cycle is prolonged overall. This study aims to investigate bacterial blood stream infection in Coronavirus disease 2019 using 16S rRNA sequencing methods.

Materials and Methods: Two ml leftover blood samples from 50 patients with laboratory confirmed RT-PCR positive for Coronavirus disease 2019, who got admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in Quarantine Center in Baghdad, Iraqi were enrolled in this clinical case series study.

Results: The total of 13 positive sample PCR products were sequenced. The sequencing-based identification of these isolates included: Serratia marcescens,Achromobacterxylosoxidans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusion:The significance of considering bacterial blood infection in Coronavirus disease 2019 patients even in the setting of a blood cultures are negative and clinicians ought to know about Serratia marcescens an A. xylosoxidans while treating Coronavirus disease 2019 patients due to resistant pattern to many antimicrobial agents.
Detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC-?-lactamases among clinical isolates:Adiagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Ronni Mol P , Ganesan Shanthi , Amer Almarabheh , Khalid M Bindayna 
Published: July 2021

Introduction and Aim: The AmpC enzymes are cephalosporinases that impart resistance to a wide range of ?-lactam, ?-lactam/?-lactamase inhibitor combinations, and monobactams, but are sensitive to fourth generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. Identification techniques for AmpC beta lactamases are not yet adapted for the clinical laboratory, which is likely to underestimate this resistance mechanism. Detection and determination of the magnitude of AmpC is therefore critical for successful treatment and for the prevention and control of these resistant bacteria.The present study was intended to determine the prevalence of plasmid mediated AmpC genotypes among clinical isolates at atertiary care hospital of South India.

Materials and Methods:It was a cross-sectional study. 94 isolates [E. coli (n=31) and K. pneumoniae (n=63)] were recovered between January 2020 and June 2020. Samples underwent an initial cefoxitin screening test and a subsequent genotypic study with multiplex polymerase chain reactions for AmpC subtypes. Antimicrobial susceptibility characteristics of these clinical isolates have also been investigated.

Results:Thirty-seven clinical isolates were cefoxitin-resistant and genotypic analysis showed that 22 cefoxitin-resistant isolates are AmpC positive, respectively. These AmpC producers are multidrug-resistant and Klebsiella pneumoniae is the dominant strain among them. Among them single AmpC production mechanism included blaDHA producers (n=5), blaCIT producers (n=4), blaEBC producers (n=3) and blaFOX producers (n=1) and 9 isolates showed multiple AmpC genes.

Conclusion: AmpC isolates emergence is worrisome and emphasizes the need for further surveillance in this region. It is proposed that hospitals improve the surveillance of AmpC ?-lactamase in clinical isolates and suggest using carbapenems to treat infections caused by AmpC-producing bacteria.
A study to compare the effectiveness of core strengthening exercises for phase I and phase II of menstrual cycle in primary dysmenorrhea subjects
Authors: Zainab S , Nithyashree P. , Jumanah R , Kamalakannan M , Prathap Suganthirababu , Kumaresan A 
Published: July 2021

Introduction and Aim:The common gynaecological problem among females found to be Dysmenorrhea, which is a cramping pain in the lower abdomen occurring at menstruation in the absence of any identifiable pelvic disease with a prevalence rate of 60%-90%. The consequences of primary dysmenorrhea affect quality of life (QOL) and limitations in daily activities as well as absenteeism. There is no open literature on which phase of the menstrual cycle is better to exercise in and is more effective. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of core strengthening exercises for Phase I and Phase II of menstrual cycle in primary dysmenorrhea subjects and find out which phase is best to exercise in.

Materials and Methods: A total of 150 subjects were selected using convenient sampling technique based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly allotted into 2 groups (group A and group B)containing 75 subjects each. Group A (Phase I follicular phase)and group B (Phase II luteal phase) performed core strengthening exercise protocol for a duration of 3 menstrual cycles (12 weeks). Working ability, location, intensity, days of pain, dysmenorrhea (WaLIDD) score as well as EQ 5-D 5-L (Euroql5 dimension 5 level quality of life questionnaire) values were obtained before and after the intervention.

Results: An unpaired t-test of the post-test mean values of phase I and II groups show that there is a significant difference between the two groups(p-value<0.0001)

Conclusion: From the results,it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in effectiveness of core strengthening exercises between phase I and phase II and thus exercising in Phase I is most effective.