bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HPTLC Profile and Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of Pongamia Pinnata Pierre
Authors: Shirsat Rajani , Kengar Ajit , Rai Aruna 
Published: June 2021

Aim: Plant secondary metabolites are the alternatives for the control of the antibiotic resistant pathogens which are highly infectious to human and plants. With respect to these aspects present work was carried out with phytochemical studies and antibacterial screening of Pongamia pinnata Pierre.
Materials: The Preliminary phytochemical screening and HPTLC studies were performed with methanolic extracts of seeds and callus. The extracts of the seeds and callus was developed in the mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate (90:10) using standard procedures and scanned under UV at 254 nm, 366 nm and visible light at 540 nm.Further, the extracts of seeds and callus were made in diethyl ether and methanol used for in vitro antibacterial activity. It was performed against multi drug resistance organisms such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The organic extracts at a concentrations of 0.02 mg/ml - 0.1 mg/ml were taken to study the inhibition properties.
Results: The Pongamia pinnata Pierre HPTLC fingerprint analysis from the extracts showed a wide range of secondary metabolites. The methanolic extracts of seed and callus showed significant inhibition zones.
Conclusions: The study reveals the new antimicrobial agent in the form of Pongamia pinnata callus extracted with methanol will be definitely an alternative to synthetic drugs or antibiotic agents.
Effect of Yoga Basti in the Management of Sandhivata a Clinical Study
Authors: Anigol Anagha , Vaidya Arun , Mathad Prasanna , Upasane Amit 
Published: June 2021

Yoga basti a type of basti explained to treat many diseases in Ayurveda when basti given for 8 days in respective diseases like Sandhivata, Janusandhi vata and sarvanga vata.. Basti is one among the panchakarma procedure, there are many references of bastis are available in veda, purana, yogic and samhita, where the medicated oil or decoctions or other medicated preparations introduced through the anus or urethra or vagina. Panchakarma -5 purificatory procedures of body, which helps to cure the diseases and prevents the further progress of diseases. Basti is called ‘chikitsardham’ because vata dosha is independent dosha which is responsible for all activities in body, the site Vata dosha is basti (Bladder region) pradesha. The diseases where vata dosha is mainly vitiated in such condition basti chikitsa is the choice of treatment to treat the disease without any complications. In basti chikitsa the medicines are pushed through anus or urethra or vagina which reaches basti Pradesha and where it will exhibits its effect to cure the diseases and the medicines inserted will not remain in body, it is expelled out from the body. According to modern science recent researches identified as Gut is the second brain in the body. Which helps for the absorption medicine and initiate necessary healing process to overcome from the disease. In this study the effect of Yogabasti in the patient suffering from sandhivat is assessed.
Traditional uses of Ethno-medicinal Plants in Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs), Bangladesh: A Review
Authors: Chakma Kanchan , Alam Md. Morshedul , Chakma Dhusarika , Bhuiyan Robiul Hasan 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Traditional medicines are of great importance to villagers and also now a day to modern drugs. Scientists are trying to explore new drug resources along with the modern drugs to support drug treatment strategy to be more effective and merely natural. Nature is the rich source of many essential bioactive compounds with more specificity and less side effects and thus, traditional medicines are got attention to the pharmacists. There are lots of medicinal plants with scientific evidences in Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) region, but all that information have not yet been compiled as a review. Keeping this in mind, a review attempt has been taken by focusing on traditional medicine used mostly by the indigenous population of Chittagong Hill Tracts region, which is also a rich source of biodiversity of Bangladesh.
Methods: Research articles based on various traditional medicines focusing CHTs region were taken in consideration to compile the data sources in this review article.
Results and Conclusion: Peoples in CHTs are using various types of medicinal plants obtained from their surroundings and have been using from long since with traditional reputation. In this review, we focused on such medicinal plants along with their scientific evidences, which would attract lots of scientists to work more to unveil a new research avenue in drug development.
Potential of Topical Cosmeceuticals Cream Functionalized with Biogenic Metallic Nanostructured Material as Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Dodiya Rajesh , Shirsat Mrunal K , Patel Jitendra K 
Published: June 2021

Aims: In this study, the phytochemical analysis of Eucalyptus globulus leaf was analyzed and used in synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticle incorporated antimicrobial cosmeceutical cream was developed and characterized for physicochemical parameters, antimicrobial properties, and biocompatibility was evaluated.
Methodology: E. globulus aqueous leaf extract was preliminary analyzed for the presence of phytochemical and confirmed using thin layer chromatography techniques. Further, a green synthesis of silver nanoparticle was accomplished using aqueous leaf extract of E. globulus. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed and characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, X-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The nanoparticles were incorporated in cream and the antimicrobial property was evaluated using agar well diffusion method.
Results: The phyto-chemical evaluation of E. globulus aqueous leaf extract showed the presence of phenolic, tannins, saponnins, carbohydrate, and glycoside. Moreover, Eucalyptus globulus aqueous leaf extract exhibited antioxidant activity in a dose dependent manner. The surface plasmon resonance peak was 424 nm and functional group such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, alkyl halides, amines, carbonyl, amide groups, and phenolic compounds were present which was important for the bio-reduction, stabilization, and capping of the silver nitrate into nanoparticles. Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis showed silver as the main element present and the nanoparticles were oval in shape and 19-60 nm in size with effective diameter of 90 nm. The test cream exhibited surface roughness of ≈ 30 nm, contact angle of ≈ 100, and surface energy of ≈88 mN/m. The formulated creams were consistent, with satisfactory pH, viscosity and spreadability.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach to synthesis biogenic silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of E. globulus. Eucalyptus globulus aqueous leaf extract stabilized and capped silver nanoparticles incorporated topical cream exhibited potent antimicrobial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Dual Effects of Large Spleen Volume After Splenectomy for the Patients With Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Matsuda Akitoshi , Kuriyama Naohisa , Mizuno Shugo , Usui Masanobu , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Isaji Shuji 
Published: June 2021

Background
After splenectomy in patients with chronic liver disease, a large spleen was reported to be not only a risk factor of portal/splenic vein thrombosis (PSVT), but also a prediction for favorable improvement of liver function. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of PSVT and the improvement of liver function after splenectomy, with special attention to spleen volume (SV).

Methods
This studied included 50 patients who underwent splenectomy with diagnosed chronic liver disease between January 2005 and December 2017. After evaluation of risk factors for PSVT the cut-off value of SV for predicting PSVT was determined. According to the cut-off value of SV, 50 patients were divided into 2 groups: small-volume group (SVG) and large-volume group (LVG). Postoperative liver functions were compared between the 2 groups.

Results
Twenty-eight patients developed PSVT. Larger SV was the most significant independent risk factor for PSVT. The cut-off value of SV was 520 mL. Preoperatively, LVG had significantly higher total bilirubin, and MELD (model for end-stage liver disease) score, and had significantly higher rates of pancytopenia than SVG. Postoperatively, compared to SVG, platelet count, choline esterase, and total cholesterol in LVG were significantly increased.

Conclusion
After splenectomy in the patients with chronic liver disease, large SV is an independent risk factor for PSVT, with a clear benefit in improving liver function, if PSVT is properly diagnosed and managed.
Postoperative Pain as a Decision-Making Tool in Treating Hemorrhoids on an In- or Out-Patient Basis After Stapled Mucosectomy (Longo Procedure)
Authors: Kovacevic D. , Gubler G. , Turina M. , Muller M. K. , Nocito A. , Attigah N. , Weber M. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveStapled mucosectomy (Longo operation) is a frequently used procedure for the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. It is a simple procedure yet similar to resective techniques for patients who frequently suffer from relevant postoperative pain. The aim of our present study is to examine patient satisfaction based on the operative setting (outpatient versus inpatient treatment) in patients undergoing the Longo operation for Grade III or IV hemorrhoids.Materials and methodsOutcomes of all patients undergoing stapled mucosectomy for Grade III and IV hemorrhoids at 3 different Swiss public hospitals was analyzed retrospectively and compared with respect to in- or outpatient treatment. Patient satisfaction was recorded by subsequent telephone interviews.ResultsFrom a total of 213 patients with stapled mucosectomies, datasets of 144 patients (67.6%) were available for full analysis. A total of 124 patients (86.1%) were satisfied with the treatment and 110 (76%) would choose to undergo the Longo procedure again (P &lt; 0.01). Recurrence of recurrent hemorrhoidal symptoms is negatively correlated with the willingness of undergoing the Longo procedure again (r = −0.187, P = 0.025). Patient satisfaction was not associated with the operative setting (inpatient vs. out-patient setting). Postoperative pain increased the willingness to be hospitalized overnight (r = 0.227, P &lt; 0.01).ConclusionPatient satisfaction after stapled mucosectomy is mainly related to postoperative pain and recurrence of hemorrhoidal symptoms regardless of inpatient or outpatient treatment.
Introduction to Pyrrolidone and Caprolactam Chemistry
Authors: Chenault H. Keith 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to the structure, conformation, physical properties and reactivity of pyrrolidones and caprolactams. It begins with an overview of the nomenclature of lactams since there are several systems of nomenclature in practice, plus common names and various syncretisms. The chapter discusses the structures of pyrrolidone and caprolactam, starting with the X‐ray crystal structures of pyrrolidone, N‐methylpyrrolidone and caprolactam. The distinctive structural feature that dictates the physical and chemical properties of simple pyrrolidones and caprolactams is the cyclic amide moiety. The physical properties of lactams are dominated by the strong dipole moments and hydrogen bonding of their amide bonds. Pyrrolidones and caprolactams display reactivities comparable to other secondary and tertiary amides. Pyrrolidones and caprolactams display reactivities comparable to other secondary and tertiary amides. Like other amides, pyrrolidones and caprolactams are susceptible to hydrolysis, particularly at elevated temperature and extremes of pH.
Design and Use of a Thermogelling Methylcellulose Nanoemulsion to Formulate Nanocrystalline Oral Dosage Forms
Authors: Chen Liang‐Hsun , Doyle Patrick S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOral drug products have become indispensable in modern medicine because of their exceptional patient compliance. However, poor bioavailability of ubiquitous low‐water‐soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and lack of efficient oral drug formulations remain as significant challenges. Nanocrystalline formulations are an attractive route to increase API solubility, but typically require abrasive mechanical milling and several processing steps to create an oral dosage form. Using the dual amphiphilic and thermoresponsive properties of methylcellulose (MC), a new thermogelling nanoemulsion and a facile thermal dripping method are developed for efficient formulation of composite particles with the MC matrix embedded with precisely controlled API nanocrystals. Moreover, a fast and tunable release performance is achieved with the combination of a fast‐eroding MC matrix and fast‐dissolving API nanocrystals. Using the versatile thermal processing approach, the thermogelling nanoemulsion is easily formulated into a wide variety of dosage forms (nanoparticle suspension, drug tablet, and oral thin film) in a manner that avoids nanomilling. Overall, the proposed thermogelling nanoemulsion platform not only broadens the applications of thermoresponsive nanoemulsions but also shows great promise for more efficient formulation of oral drug products with high quality and tunable fast release.
Maderas Rainforest Conservancy: A One Health approach to conservation
Authors: Bolt Laura M. , Brandt LaRoy S. E. , Molina Renee L. , Schreier Amy L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMaderas Rainforest Conservancy (MRC) was incorporated as a conservation nonprofit organization in 2008, and manages two sites where biological field courses have been offered since the 1990s: La Suerte Biological Research Station in Costa Rica, and Ometepe Biological Research Station in Nicaragua. MRC employs a One Health approach to conservation education, and can serve as a model for other biological field sites. The Nicaraguan Molina family, who owns the sites, partnered with primatologist Paul Garber in 1994 to develop a primate field course aimed at introducing university students to field research. Through using their land to further conservation education and research, the Molina family has preserved the forest and engaged the local communities near their sites. Eight graduate theses and 46 refereed publications have been completed since 2010 based on research undertaken at MRC sites. While primate field courses have been offered at least once annually since 1994 and remain popular, a range of other ecological courses are now additionally offered. MRC operates from a One Health perspective, engaging in forest restoration and ecological monitoring projects, and has gradually expanded community outreach initiatives. MRC now conducts regular medical and veterinary missions in the communities surrounding the research stations which provide health care to local people and limit the population growth of domestic animals, thereby increasing the survival of wild animals. MRC is also active in ESL‐teaching and conservation education, and funds Proyecto Jade, which empowers local women to make and sell organic jewelry. Through these programs, MRC works to help the local communities live more sustainably with the environment around them. MRC's support of research, commitment to education, medical and veterinary missions, and outreach initiatives to the local community all work together for the well‐being of both the people and the environment, thus exemplifying the One Health perspective.
Facile Surfactant‐, Reductant‐, and Ag Salt‐free Growth of Ag Nanoparticles with Controllable Size from 35 to 660 nm on Bulk Ag Materials
Authors: Ou Weihui , Shen Junda , Lyu Fucong , Xiao Xufen , Zhou Binbin , Lu Jian , Li Yang Yang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMorphologically and dimensionally controlled growth of Ag nanocrystals has long been plagued by surfactants or capping agents that complicate downstream applications, unstable Ag salts that impaired the reproducibility, and multistep seed injection that is troublesome and time‐consuming. Here, we report a one‐pot electro‐chemical method to fast (∼2 min) produce Ag nanoparticles from commercial bulk Ag materials in a nitric acid solution, eliminating any need for surfactants or capping agents. Their size can be easily manipulated in an unprecedentedly wide range from 35 to 660 nm. Furthermore, the Ag nanoparticles are directly grown on the Ag substrate, highly desirable for promising applications such as catalysis and plasmonics. The mechanistic studies reveal that the concentration of Ag+ in the diffusion layer nearby the surface, controlled by the magnitude and duration of voltage, is critical in governing the nanoparticle formation (<1.3 mM) and its dimensional adjustability.
Predicting Dinitrogen Coupling with a Series of Small Molecules Catalyzed by a Pincer Complex
Authors: Zhu Qin , Qiu Rulin , Dong Shicheng , Zeng Guixiang , Zhu Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDue to consumption of more than 2% of the world‘s annual energy supply by Haber–Bosch process and the strongest triple bond (N≡N) in nature, directly coupling N2 with small molecules is particularly important and challenging, let alone in a catalytic fashion. Here we first demonstrate that a NNN‐type pincer phosphorus complex could act as a catalyst to couple dinitrogen with a series of small molecules including carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, N‐ethylidenemethylamine, and acetonitrile in the presence of diborane(4) under a mild condition by theoretical calculations. N2 fixation proceeds via a stepwise mechanism involving initial N2 activation by diborane(4), followed by intramolecular isomerization to a key intermediate (zwitterion). Such a zwitterion can be used to couple a series of small molecules with activation barriers of 23.5–25.2 kcal mol−1. All these findings could be particularly useful for main group chemistry aimed at N2 activation.
Genotoxic stress response: What is the role of cytoplasmic mRNA fate?
Authors: Mohanan Gayatri , Das Amiyaranjan , Rajyaguru Purusharth I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGenotoxic stress leads to DNA damage which can be detrimental to the cell. A well‐orchestrated cellular response is mounted to manage and repair the genotoxic stress‐induced DNA damage. Our understanding of genotoxic stress response is derived mainly from studies focused on transcription, mRNA splicing, and protein turnover. Surprisingly not as much is understood about the role of mRNA translation and decay in genotoxic stress response. This is despite the fact that regulation of gene expression at the level of mRNA translation and decay plays a critical role in a myriad of cellular processes. This review aims to summarize some of the known findings of the role of mRNA translation and decay by focusing on two categories of examples. We discuss examples of mRNA whose fates are regulated in the cytoplasm and RNA‐binding proteins that regulate mRNA fates in response to genotoxic stress.
Exploring DNA in biochemistry lab courses: DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Suárez Casanova Víctor Manuel , Shumskaya Maria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDNA structure has been leveraged in a variety of facets that allow scientists to perform a range of assays, including ones for identification of species, establishing evolutionary relationships between taxa, or even identifying individuals. Here, we present a DNA barcoding method as practical, hands‐on approach that connects several experimental techniques in one sequence to teach the principles behind DNA isolation, purification, PCR, sequencing, and phylogeny analysis. Our set of exercises is designed for a teaching university laboratory setting. The three laboratory class assignments utilize DNA from a mushroom (can be purchased at a supermarket) and provide a pipeline to guide students through the process of identifying an unknown sample, like in many research laboratories. The third assignment can be used as a stand‐alone exercise on phylogeny analysis and can be taught remotely. Students explore the theory behind the standard molecular techniques and apply it in a hands‐on setting that involves experimental design, sample preparation, and use of hallmark molecular instruments.
Real three‐dimensional cardiac imaging using leading‐edge holographic display
Authors: Mori Shumpei , Shivkumar Kalyanam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnderstanding three‐dimensional cardiac anatomy is fundamental for the practice of clinical cardiology. However, if three‐dimensional images are displayed on two‐dimensional monitors, they fail to provide depth perception. Currently, novel technologies, including the three‐dimensional printing, three‐dimensional monitors/projectors, and virtual reality applications can provide real three‐dimensionality with depth perception. However, their relatively high cost and limited user‐friendliness prevent their wide application. We introduce novel and commercially available holographic display, which allows multiple observers to see the full‐color holographic images simultaneously without any specific glasses and headgear. This leading‐edge technology is immediately applicable in both educational and clinical settings.
Recent Advances in Graphene Electronic Skin and its Future Prospects
Authors: Zhou Yan , Dai Dongfang , Gao Yu , Zhang Zhengdong , Sun Nan , Tan Honglin , Cai Xiaoming , Cai Jinming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe skin is the human body‘s largest sensory organ, which can sense external pressure, temperature, humidity, and other complex environmental stimuli. It is a new research hotspot to simulate the perception ability of human skin through electronic technology, and it has a widespread application in human health monitoring, artificial intelligence, human‐machine interface, and other fields. Based on different sensing mechanisms and structural designs, the sensor arrays with flexibility, stretchability, high sensitivity, and wide measurement range are constructed, which can distinguish weak signals such as airflow and sound vibration. This article reviews the conduction mechanisms, structural designs and research methods to achieve the high performance of graphene electronic skin. Special emphasis is placed on the working principle of graphene electronic skin and the methods to improve its performance, especially in terms of biocompatibility and degradability. This review also discusses the challenges and prospects of graphene electronic skin.
Facile Synthesis of Polyphenothiazine as a High‐Performance p‐Type Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wang Xuezhen , Li Gaofeng , Han Yan , Wang Feng , Chu Jun , Cai Taotao , Wang Baoshan , Song Zhiping 
Published: June 2021

Abstractp‐Type electroactive polymers are promising cathodes for dual‐ion batteries but cost‐effective candidates are still lacking. In this study, the p‐type polymer polyphenothiazine (PPTZ) is synthesized by a facile one‐step oxidation polymerization from the low‐cost phenothiazine (PTZ) monomer. As a cathode for rechargeable lithium batteries, PPTZ shows superior electrochemical performance to previously reported PTZ‐based polymers with complicated structures and syntheses. For example, PPTZ has a high reversible capacity of 157 mAh g−1 within 2.5–4.3 V vs. Li+/Li with an average discharge voltage of 3.5 V, and a high capacity retention of 77 % after 500 cycles. The highly reversible one‐electron redox mechanism of PPTZ is also investigated in detail by electrochemical testing, ex situ FT‐IR and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. PPTZ has the potential to serve as an attractive p‐type cathode material for practical applications and the facile synthesis may be also extended to other polymer cathodes based on N‐heteroaromatic units.