bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective field theory of stochastic diffusion from gravity
Authors: Ghosh Jewel K. , Loganayagam R. , Prabhu Siddharth G. , Rangamani Mukund , Sivakumar Akhil , Vishal V. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Planar black holes in AdS have long-lived quasinormal modes which capture the physics of charge and momentum diffusion in the dual field theory. How should we characterize the effective dynamics of a probe system coupled to the conserved currents of the dual field theory? Specifically, how would such a probe record the long-lived memory of the black hole and its Hawking fluctuations? We address this question by exhibiting a universal gauge invariant framework which captures the physics of stochastic diffusion in holography: a designer scalar with a gravitational coupling governed by a single parameter, the Markovianity index. We argue that the physics of gauge and gravitational perturbations of a planar Schwarzschild-AdS black hole can be efficiently captured by such designer scalars. We demonstrate that this framework allows one to decouple, at the quadratic order, the long-lived quasinormal and Hawking modes from the short-lived ones. It furthermore provides a template for analyzing fluctuating open quantum field theories with memory. In particular, we use this set-up to analyze the diffusive Hawking photons and gravitons about a planar Schwarzschild-AdS black hole and derive the quadratic effective action that governs fluctuating hydrodynamics of the dual CFT. Along the way we also derive results relevant for probes of hyperscaling violating backgrounds at finite temperature.
The statistical mechanics of near-extremal black holes
Authors: Iliesiu Luca V. , Turiaci Gustavo J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An important open question in black hole thermodynamics is about the existence of a “mass gap” between an extremal black hole and the lightest near-extremal state within a sector of fixed charge. In this paper, we reliably compute the partition function of Reissner-Nordström near-extremal black holes at temperature scales comparable to the conjectured gap. We find that the density of states at fixed charge does not exhibit a gap; rather, at the expected gap energy scale, we see a continuum of states. We compute the partition function in the canonical and grand canonical ensembles, keeping track of all the fields appearing through a dimensional reduction on S2 in the near-horizon region. Our calculation shows that the relevant degrees of freedom at low temperatures are those of 2d Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity coupled to the electromagnetic U(1) gauge field and to an SO(3) gauge field generated by the dimensional reduction.
Alkohol in sozialen Medien: Wo ist der Platz für Prävention?
Authors: Döring Nicola , Holz Christoph 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Alkohol ist nicht nur offline, sondern inzwischen auch online fast allgegenwärtig.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die vorliegende Arbeit verfolgt das Ziel, den Status quo der Alkoholprävention auf führenden Social-Media-Plattformen im deutschsprachigen Raum zu beschreiben.

Material und Methoden
Dazu wird zunächst der internationale Forschungsstand zur Alkoholkommunikation in sozialen Medien in einem narrativen Review zusammengefasst. Im Zuge einer Social-Media-Analyse wird dann untersucht, welche deutschsprachigen alkoholbezogenen Kanäle auf Plattformen wie Facebook und Instagram große Reichweiten haben. Anschließend werden mittels Inhaltsanalyse N = 470 Beiträge und N = 3015 Nutzerkommentare von dem reichweitenstärksten Social-Media-Kanal der Alkoholprävention untersucht. Schließlich wird durch eine Onlinebefragung von N = 1150 Jugendlichen (16–20 Jahre) deren alkoholbezogene Social-Media-Nutzung erkundet.

Ergebnisse
Laut Forschungsstand findet in sozialen Medien vor allem eine glorifizierende Kommunikation zu Alkohol statt. Auf führenden Social-Media-Plattformen sind die reichweitenstärksten deutschsprachigen alkoholbezogenen Kanäle dem Marketing und Humor gewidmet, Prävention ist deutlich weniger verbreitet. Der bislang reichweitenstärkste Kanal der Alkoholprävention ist die Facebook-Seite der Jugendkampagne „Alkohol? Kenn dein Limit.“ der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA), die mit Videos und Umfragen die höchsten Interaktionsraten erzielt. Hier äußern sich junge Social-Media-Nutzer alkoholkritisch (11 % der Kommentare), aber oft weiterhin alkoholbefürwortend (21 %). Rund die Hälfte der befragten Jugendlichen hat sich schon an alkoholbezogener Onlinekommunikation beteiligt.

Diskussion
Die Alkoholprävention steht vor der Aufgabe, der in sozialen Medien dominierenden Alkoholverherrlichung sensibilisierende Botschaften entgegenzusetzen.
Machine learning and simulation-based surrogate modeling for improved process chain operation
Authors: Hürkamp André , Gellrich Sebastian , Dér Antal , Herrmann Christoph , Dröder Klaus , Thiede Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, a concept is presented that combines different simulation paradigms during the engineering phase. These methods are transferred into the operation phase by the use of data-based surrogates. As an virtual production scenario, the process combination of thermoforming continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic sheets and injection overmolding of thermoplastic polymers is investigated. Since this process is very sensitive regarding the temperature, the volatile transfer time is considered in a dynamic process chain control. Based on numerical analyses of the injection molding process, a surrogate model is developed. It enables a fast prediction of the product quality based on the temperature history. The physical model is transferred to an agent-based process chain simulation identifying lead time, bottle necks and quality rates taking into account the whole process chain. In the second step of surrogate modeling, a feasible soft sensor model is derived for quality control over the process chain during the operation stage. For this specific uses case, the production rejection can be reduced by 12% compared to conventional static approaches.
Hyaluronan, a double-edged sword in kidney diseases
Authors: Kaul Aditya , Singampalli Kavya L. , Parikh Umang M. , Yu Ling , Keswani Sundeep G. , Wang Xinyi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver the years, hyaluronic acid (HA) has emerged as an important molecule in nephrological and urological studies involving extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, inflammation, tissue regeneration, and viral sensing. During this time, many have noted the perplexing double-edged nature of the molecule, at times promoting pro-fibrotic events and at other times promoting anti-fibrotic events. Different molecular weights of HA can be attributed to these disparities, though most studies have yet to focus on this subtlety. With regard to the kidney, HA is induced in the initial response phase of injury and is subsequently decreased during disease progression of AKI, CKD, and diabetic nephropathy. These and other kidney diseases force patients, particularly pediatric patients, to face dialysis, surgical procedures, and ultimately, transplant. To summarize the current literature for researchers and pediatric nephrologists, this review aims to expound HA and elucidate its paradoxical effects in multiple kidney diseases using studies that emphasize HA molecular weight when available.
Sex-specific prognostic effect of CD66b-positive tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (TANs) in gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Quaas Alexander , Pamuk Aylin , Klein Sebastian , Quantius Jennifer , Rehkaemper Jan , Barutcu Atakan G. , Rueschoff Josef , Zander Thomas , Gebauer Florian , Hillmer Axel , Buettner Reinhard , Schroeder Wolfgang , Bruns Christiane J. , Löser Heike , Schoemig-Markiefka Birgid , Alakus Hakan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) have recently been identified as a relevant component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in solid tumors. Within the TME TANs mediate either tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting activities. So far, their prognostic relevance remains to be determined. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic relevance of TANs in different molecular subtypes of gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Methods
We analyzed a total of 1118 Caucasian patients divided into gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 458) and esophageal adenocarcinoma cohort (n = 660) of primarily resected and neoadjuvant-treated individuals. The amount of CD66b + TANs in the tumor stroma was determined using quantitative image analysis and correlated to both molecular, as well as clinical data.

Results
An accumulation of TANs in the tumor stroma of gastric carcinomas was associated to a significant favorable prognosis (p = 0.026). A subgroup analysis showed that this effect was primarily related to the molecular chromosomal instable subtype (CIN) of gastric carcinomas (p = 0.010). This was only observed in female patients (p = 0.014) but not in male patients (p = 0.315). The same sex-specific effect could be confirmed in adenocarcinomas of the esophagus (p = 0.027), as well as in female individuals after receiving neoadjuvant therapy (p = 0.034).

Conclusions
Together, we show a sex-specific prognostic effect of TANs in gastric cancer within a Caucasian cohort. For the first time, we showed that this sex-specific prognostic effect of TANs can also be seen in esophageal cancer.
On the Green function of an orthotropic clamped plate in a half-plane
Authors: Ortner Norbert , Wagner Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFirst, we calculate, in a heuristic manner, the Green function of an orthotropic plate in a half-plane which is clamped along the boundary. We then justify the solution and generalize our approach to operators of the form $$(Q(\partial ')-a^2\partial _n^2)(Q(\partial ')-b^2\partial _n^2)$$

(
Q

(

∂
′

)

-

a
2

∂
n
2

)

(
Q

(

∂
′

)

-

b
2

∂
n
2

)

(where $$\partial '=(\partial _1,\dots ,\partial _{n-1})$$

∂
′

=

(

∂
1

,
⋯
,

∂

n
-
1

)

and $$a>0,b>0,a\ne b)$$

a
>
0
,
b
>
0
,
a
≠
b
)

with respect to Dirichlet boundary conditions at $$x_n=0.$$

x
n

=
0
.

The Green function $$G_\xi $$

G
ξ

is represented by a linear combination of fundamental solutions $$E^c$$

E
c

of $$Q(\partial ')(Q(\partial ')-c^2\partial _n^2),$$

Q

(

∂
′

)

(
Q

(

∂
′

)

-

c
2

∂
n
2

)

,

$$c\in \{a,b\},$$

c
∈
{
a
,
b
}
,

that are shifted to the source point $$\xi ,$$

ξ
,

to the mirror point $$-\xi ,$$

-
ξ
,

and to the two additional points $$-\frac{a}{b}\xi $$

-

a
b

ξ

and $$-\frac{b}{a}\xi ,$$

-

b
a

ξ
,

respectively.
Characterization of local and global capacity criteria for collapse assessment of code-conforming RC buildings
Authors: D’Angela Danilo , Magliulo Gennaro , Celano Francesca , Cosenza Edoardo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe paper investigates both local and global capacity criteria for collapse assessment of RC frame buildings. Both literature and regulations criteria are considered, also including the formulation recommended in the draft of the new Eurocode 8 (part 3) and other collapse criteria never investigated. The case studies consist of low-rise bare and infilled frame buildings, which are designed according to the Italian code provisions considering low-to-high seismicity sites in Italy. The seismic demand is estimated by performing multiple-stripe analysis based on inelastic modeling, also including the presence of the infills. The capacity assessment and the performance evaluation associated with the (building) collapse are carried out according to the latest approaches and methodologies of performance-based earthquake engineering. The investigated capacity criteria are characterized as a result of the collapse assessment in terms of (a) collapse demand to capacity ratios, (b) collapse fragility curves, (c) collapse margin ratios and probabilities, and (d) inter-capacity margin ratios. The findings provide novel information and technical insights into the influence of the collapse capacity criteria selection on the collapse features of the investigated buildings. In particular, the capacity criteria are quantitatively correlated to the building collapse performance, also outlining safety and economic considerations.
Sarcopenia and serum biomarkers of oxidative stress after a 6-month physical activity intervention in women with metastatic breast cancer: results from the ABLE feasibility trial
Authors: Delrieu Lidia , Martin Agnès , Touillaud Marina , Pérol Olivia , Morelle Magali , Febvey-Combes Olivia , Freyssenet Damien , Friedenreich Christine , Dufresne Armelle , Bachelot Thomas , Heudel Pierre-Etienne , Trédan Olivier , Crochet Hugo , Bouhamama Amine , Pilleul Frank , Pialoux Vincent , Fervers Béatrice 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Sarcopenia has been identified as an important prognostic factor for patients with cancer. This study aimed at exploring the potential associations between a 6-month physical activity intervention and muscle characteristics, sarcopenia, oxidative stress and toxicities in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Methods
Women newly diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer (N = 49) participated in an unsupervised, personalized, 6-month physical activity intervention with activity tracker. Computerized tomography images at the third lumbar vertebra were analysed at baseline, three months and six months to assess sarcopenia (muscle mass index < 40 cm2/m2) and muscle quality (poor if muscle attenuation < 37.8 Hounsfield Units). Oxidative markers included plasma antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities), prooxidant enzymes (NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase activities) and oxidative stress damage markers (advanced oxidation protein products, malondialdehyde (MDA) and DNA oxidation.

Results
At baseline 53% (mean age 55 years (SD 10.41)) were sarcopenic and 75% had poor muscle quality. Muscle cross sectional area, skeletal muscle radiodensity, lean body mass remained constant over the six months (p = 0.75, p = 0.07 and p = 0.75 respectively), but differed significantly between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients at baseline and 6-months. Sarcopenic patients at baseline were more likely to have an increase of MDA (p = 0.02) at 6 months. Being sarcopenic during at least one moment during the 6-month study was associated with a higher risk of developing severe toxicities (grade > 2) (p = 0.02).

Conclusions
This study suggests potential benefits of physical activity for maintenance of muscle mass. Sarcopenia can alter many parameters and disturb the pro and antioxidant balance.
Composite matrices from group rings, composite G-codes and constructions of self-dual codes
Authors: Dougherty Steven T. , Gildea Joe , Korban Adrian , Kaya Abidin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, we define composite matrices which are derived from group rings. We extend the idea of G-codes to composite G-codes. We show that these codes are ideals in a group ring, where the ring is a finite commutative Frobenius ring and G is an arbitrary finite group. We prove that the dual of a composite G-code is also a composite G-code. We also define quasi-composite G-codes. Additionally, we study generator matrices, which consist of the identity matrices and the composite matrices. Together with the generator matrices, the well known extension method, the neighbour method and its generalization, we find extremal binary self-dual codes of length 68 with new weight enumerators for the rare parameters $$\gamma =7,8$$

γ
=
7
,
8

and 9. In particular, we find 49 new such codes. Moreover, we show that the codes we find are inaccessible from other construction
High precision particle astrophysics as a new window on the universe with an Antimatter Large Acceptance Detector In Orbit (ALADInO)
Authors: Battiston R. , Bertucci B. , Adriani O. , Ambrosi G. , Baudouy B. , Blasi P. , Boezio M. , Campana D. , Derome L. , De Mitri I. , Di Felice V. , Donato F. , Duranti M. , Formato V. , Grasso D. , Gebauer I. , Iuppa R. , Masi N. , Maurin D. , Mazziotta M. N. , Musenich R. , Nozzoli F. , Papini P. , Picozza P. , Pearce M. , Pospíšil S. , Rossi L. , Tomassetti N. , Vagelli V. , Wu X. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultimessenger astrophysics is based on the detection, with the highest possible accuracy, of the cosmic radiation. During the last 20 years, the advent space-borne magnetic spectrometers in space (AMS-01, Pamela, AMS-02), able to measure the charged cosmic radiation separating matter from antimatter, and to provide accurate measurement of the rarest components of Cosmic Rays (CRs) to the highest possible energies, have become possible, together with the ultra-precise measurement of ordinary CRs. These developments started the era of precision Cosmic Ray physics providing access to a rich program of high-energy astrophysics addressing fundamental questions like matter-antimatter asymmetry, indirect detection for Dark Matter and the detailed study of origin, acceleration and propagation of CRs and their interactions with the interstellar medium.In this paper we address the above-mentioned scientific questions, in the context of a second generation, large acceptance, superconducting magnetic spectrometer proposed as mission in the context of the European Space Agency’s Voyage2050 long-term plan: the Antimatter Large Acceptance Detector In Orbit (ALADInO) would extend by about two orders of magnitude in energy and flux sensitivity the separation between charged particles/anti-particles, making it uniquely suited for addressing and potentially solving some of the most puzzling issues of modern cosmology.
Multifactor Variance Assessment for Determining the Number of Repeat Simulation Runs in Evacuation Modelling
Authors: Smedberg Erik , Kinsey Michael , Ronchi Enrico 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEvacuation models commonly employ pseudorandom sampling from distributions to represent the variability of human behaviour in the evacuation process, otherwise referred to as ‘behavioural uncertainty’. This paper presents a method based on functional analysis and inferential statistics to study the convergence of probabilistic evacuation model results to inform deciding how many repeat simulation runs are required for a given scenario. Compared to existing approaches which typically focus on measuring variance in evacuation times, the proposed method utilises multifactor variance to assess the convergence of a range of different evacuation model outputs, referred to as factors. The factors include crowd density, flowrates, occupant locations, exit usage, and queuing times. These factors were selected as they represent a range of means to assess variance in evacuation dynamics between repeat simulation runs and can be found in most evacuation models. The application of the method (along with a tool developed for its implementation) is demonstrated through two case studies. The first case study consists of an analysis of convergence in evacuation simulation results for a building including 1855 occupants. The second case study is a simple verification test aimed at demonstrating the capabilities of the method. Results from the case studies suggest that multifactor variance assessment provides a more holistic assessment of the variance in evacuation dynamics and results provided by an evacuation model compared to existing methods which adopt single factor analysis. This provides increased confidence in determining an appropriate number of repeat simulation runs to ensure key evacuation dynamics and results which may be influenced by pseudorandom sampling are represented.
Comparative analysis of in vitro accelerated glistening formation in foldable hydrophobic intraocular lenses
Authors: Tandogan Tamer , Auffarth Gerd U. , Choi Chul Young , Son Hyeck-Soo , Khoramnia Ramin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To analyse and compare the propensity to form glistenings in 4 different types of hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs): Alcon AcrySof ® MA60AC, HOYA iSert® PC-60AD, Bausch&Lomb enVista, and Kowa Avansee™ PU6A.

Methods
We used an accelerated laboratory method to create glistenings. IOLs were first immersed in saline at 45 °C for 24 h and then at 37 °C for 2.5 h. Microvacuole (MV) density and size were documented and calculated using an image analysis program.

Results
Median density of glistenings [MV/mm2] for Alcon AcrySof ® MA60AC was 623 (range 507–804), for HOYA iSert® PC-60AD 1358 (range 684–2699), for Bausch&Lomb enVista 2 (range 1–2), and for Kowa Avansee™ PU6A 1 (range 1–4). The prevailing MV size was: 0–5 µm for Hoya IOLs, 5–10 µm for Alcon IOLs, 20–50 µm for Bausch&Lomb IOLs, and 5–50 µm for Kowa IOLs.

Conclusions
Glistenings could be induced in all studied IOLs using the accelerated laboratory method. The Alcon AcrySof ® MA60AC and HOYA iSert® PC-60AD IOLs showed MV of high density, while the glistenings in the Hoya IOLs were smaller in size compared to the Alcon IOLs. The MV density was minimal in the Bausch&Lomb enVista and Kowa Avansee™ PU6A IOLs. The propensity of the Alcon AcrySof ® MA60AC IOLs to form glistenings in vitro correlated with the findings of clinical results that are already published.
Impairment of Cognitive Function in Different Domains Early After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Tomasi Roland , Klemm Mathias , Hinske Christian Ludwig , Hulde Nikolai , Schramm René , Zwißler Bernhard , von Dossow Vera 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this prospective observational pilot study patients with the diagnosis of end-stage lung disease and listed for lung transplantation underwent a cognitive function test battery before and after lung transplantation to investigate postoperative cognitive function in three domains (visual and verbal memory, executive functioning, concentration/speed of processing). Additionally we investigated intraoperative risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction. In total, 24 patients were included in this pilot study. The incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction was 58.3%. In the cognitive dysfunction group, the domains executive functioning and concentration/attention were significantly impaired whereas memory was not affected. Patients with cognitive impairment had a significantly longer ICU stay. The strongest independent risk factor for the development of cognitive dysfunction was operation time. No influence of cerebral oxygen desaturations on cognitive dysfunction was found. This might have important implications for early psychological rehabilitation strategies in this high-risk patient collective.
Finite volume approach for fragmentation equation and its mathematical analysis
Authors: Singh Mehakpreet , Walker Gavin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work is focused on developing a finite volume scheme for approximating a fragmentation equation. The mathematical analysis is discussed in detail by examining thoroughly the consistency and convergence of the numerical scheme. The idea of the proposed scheme is based on conserving the total mass and preserving the total number of particles in the system. The proposed scheme is free from the trait that the particles are concentrated at the representative of the cells. The verification of the scheme is done against the analytical solutions for several combinations of standard fragmentation kernel and selection functions. The numerical testing shows that the proposed scheme is highly accurate in predicting the number distribution function and various moments. The scheme has the tendency to capture the higher order moments even though no measure has been taken for their accuracy. It is also shown that the scheme is second-order convergent on both uniform and nonuniform grids. Experimental order of convergence is used to validate the theoretical observations of convergence.