bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Music Interventions for Early-Stage Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dorris Jennie , Neely Stephen , Rodakowski Juleen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Older adults in the early stages of Alzheimer’s and dementia deserve effective modalities that support their cognition, emotional well-being, and social engagement. Music has demonstrated potential to support these critical outcomes through its ability to simultaneously stimulate multiple areas of the brain and induce neuroplasticity. We reviewed randomized controlled trials for studies that specifically utilized active music-making interventions for older adults with early-stage cognitive decline to assess their effects on cognition, emotional well-being, and social engagement. Additionally, this review categorized the specific music activities employed by each intervention. We conducted searches on Medline (Ovid), APA PsycInfo (Ovid) CINAHL (Ebsco), and Embase (Elsevier). Our search yielded 285 potential studies. We analyzed 19 studies with 1,387 participants for potential effect sizes and intervention ingredients. Of the 19 studies, eight studies, recruiting a total of 460 participants, were used to conduct a random-effects meta-analysis to assess the effect of music on cognition. Meta-analytic aggregration of effect sizes showed that music had a modest positive effect on cognition compare with the control conditions (SMD= 0.26; P= 0.008; 95% confidence interval, 0.07, 0.45; I2= 5%). The musical activities of 1) singing and/or playing pre-composed songs and/or 2) creating music in the moment were utilized in the protocols. This research demonstrates that active music-making supports cognition for older adults with early-stage cognitive decline. Future music programs should consider inclusion of pre-composed songs, as well as music creation, to better understand the power for music to provide critical support for a rapidly growing segment of the population.
Family Caregivers as Advocates
Authors: Whiting C Grace 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This presentation discusses the growing influence of family caregiver advocacy and its prospects for impacting policy under the Biden administration, at both the federal and states levels. In particular, it will describe the National Alliance for Caregiving’s 50-state unified strategy for establishing the caregiver support infrastructure that is needed to coordinate efforts and to support caregivers across the nation and the lifespan. Historically, family caregivers have had difficulty acting as effective advocates, given the multiple roles they often play and their widely divergent interests, based on the varying needs of their care recipient and their divergent life circumstances. However, the Biden administration has indicated receptivity to caregiver issues, and the public has become increasingly aware of the caregiver role (in part, due to the pandemic), resulting in improved prospects for policy action at both the state and federal levels. This presentation reviews recent developments and discusses strategies for moving forward.
Aging Across the Life Course: Research Collections Available from the National Archive of Computerized Data on Aging
Authors: McNally James 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The creation and maintenance of sustainable data archives can be challenging, but it offers clear advantages. Properly curated data can be used by multiple researchers, testing a variety of hypotheses, and increasing the return on investment to the expensive process of data collection. Having an internally managed archival system also provides greater control and autonomy in the equitable distribution of data resources. This process ensures all researchers will have full use of the data for original research, teaching, and new directions once the data leaves the control of the local investigator’s control. This poster reviews the advantages of having a local strategy geared toward the preservation and sharing of gerontological research data. Using the National Archive of Computerized Data on Aging (NACDA) as a working example, the poster offers an overview of collections at NACDA. Using our metadata tools and variable search database, NACDA can identify studies in its collections that examine aspects of aging and health among adults during their lifecourse. Many of the studies are longitudinal or repeat measure cross-sectional studies. We are also able to identify studies that focus on aging that are not maintained by NACDA but which are available to interested researchers. Using a strategy of archival preservation combined with a strong focus on productive research Innovation in Aging, NACDA has amassed data and metadata covering a wide array of studies worldwide that address the aging lifecourse. Because our collections are multinational, we share these data at no cost to interested users worldwide
Human Factors Linked with Initial and Continuous Trust in Autonomous Systems: A Literature Review
Authors: Pena Maria , Carrillo Jared , Milyavskaya Nonna , Chan Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Many autonomous systems are being developed to assist older adults to age in place. However, there is little research related to the human factors associated with why older adults may initially and continuously trust these autonomous systems. More research in this area on older adults and trust in autonomy is needed to facilitate the technologies better everyday use. The current study conducted a literature review on the prevalent human factors that enable people to trust their interactions with smart technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence, navigational structures). Articles were collected from various disciplines on concepts such as trust in autonomy, human-computer interactions and teamwork. Thematic analysis revealed two convergent areas that were associated with initial and continuous trust: human and technological characteristics. Human characteristics are defined by a person’s ability to understand and use autonomous systems. Generally, people with higher competency and abilities with autonomous systems demonstrated the ease of use to carry out desired actions with smart technology. Technological characteristics are defined by the system’s performance, explainability, and its intended purpose between trust. Essentially, people were less critical of autonomous systems that were perceived to be useful, transparent, and predictable. Overall, the autonomous system's ability to perform its intended purpose and the users knowledge and technical qualifications dominate the relationship between initial and continuous trust with autonomous systems. These are the prevalent factors that need to be considered for the creation of trusted autonomous technologies for older adults to help them age in the approaching more advanced technological world.
Links of Sleep Duration with Biomarkers of Accelerated Aging: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Smail Emily , Maher Brion , Moore Ann , Kuo Pei-Lun , Wu Mark , Low Dominique , Stone Katie , Spira Adam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sleep disorders and sleep deprivation have been linked to markers of biological aging, including methylation change and increases in white blood cell and neutrophil counts. However, little is known regarding the association of sleep duration with biological markers of aging. We investigated links of self-reported sleep duration with biological aging markers in 615 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) aged ≥50 years (mean = 71.0 ± 11.2, 49.6% women, 68.8% white) with data on self-reported sleep duration in hours (i.e., ≤6 (n=131), &gt;6 to 7 (n=234), &gt;7 (n=250)), demographics, and genetic and methylation data (mDNA). Our aging biomarker outcomes were four epigenetic clocks (Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, and GrimAge), mDNA-estimated PAI1, and estimated granulocyte count. After adjustment for age, sex, and race, compared to those sleeping ≤6 hours, those reporting &gt;7 hours of sleep had faster biological aging according to Hannum age-acceleration, PhenoAge, GrimAge, mDNA-estimated PAI1, and granulocyte count. In addition, sleep duration interacted with age, such that compared to individuals reporting ≤6 hours of sleep, individuals reporting &gt;6 to 7 hours showed lower GrimAge with increasing age, and with sex, such that males with longer sleep duration (&gt;6 to 7 and &gt;7 hours) showed a lower granulocyte count compared to females. Findings suggest that both short and long sleep duration are associated with and may contribute to accelerated aging. Prospective studies in larger samples are needed to examine whether changes in sleep duration precede changes in aging biomarkers.
A novel probiotics therapy for aging-related leaky gut and inflammation
Authors: Wang Shaohua , Wang Bo , Mishra Sidharth , Jain Shalini , Ding Jingzhong , Krtichevsky Stephen , Kitzman Dalane , Yadav Hariom 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Inflammaging characterized with increased low grade inflammation in older adults is common determinant of unhealthy aging; and is a major risk factor of morbidity and mortality in older adults. The precise origin of inflammation in older adults is not known, however, emerging evidence indicate that increased intestinal epithelial permeability (leaky gut) and abnormal (dysbiotic) gut microbiota could be one of the key source. However, no preventive and treatment therapies are available to reverse the leaky gut and microbiome dysbiosis in older adults. Here, we presented the evidence that a human-origin probiotics cocktail containing 5 Lactobacillus and 5 Enterococcus strains isolated from healthy human infant gut can ameliorate aging-related metabolic, physical and cognitive dysfunctions in older mice. We show that the Feeding this probiotic cocktail prevented high-fat diet–induced (HFD-induced) abnormalities in glycose metabolism and physical functions in older mice and reduced microbiota dysbiosis, leaky gut, inflammation. Probiotic-modulated gut microbiota reduced leaky gut by increasing tight junctions on intestinal epithelia, which in turn reduced inflammation. Mechanistically, probiotics increased bile salt hydrolase activity in older microbiota, which in turn increased taurine deconjugation from bile acids to increase free taurine abundance in the gut. We further show that taurine stimulated tight junctions and suppressed gut leakiness. Further, taurine increased life span, reduced adiposity and leaky gut, and enhanced physical function in Caenorhabditis elegans. Whether this novel human origin probiotic therapy could prevent or treat aging-related leaky gut and inflammation in the elderly by reversing microbiome dysbiosis requires evaluation.
Mammalian Co-methylation Network Analysis of Species Characteristics
Authors: Haghani Amin , Horvath Steve 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The comparative cross-species analysis is a powerful tool to resolve the mysteries of evolution and phenotypic disparities among animals. This is the first network analysis of 10,000 DNA methylome data from 176 mammalian species to identify co-methylation modules that relate to individual (age, sex, tissue type) and species characteristics (e.g. phylogenetic order, maximum lifespan, adult weight). The unexpected correlation between DNA methylation and species were sufficiently strong to allow the construction of phyloepigenetic trees that parallel the phylogenetic tree. Weighted correlation network analysis identified 55 distinct co-methylation modules, i.e. sets of highly correlated CpGs. 31 of these modules are readily interpretable in terms of their relationship to age, maximum lifespan, tissue type etc. An age-related module was perturbed by gold standard anti-aging interventions in mice such as caloric restriction or growth hormone receptor knock outs. Our module-based analysis greatly enhances our biological understanding of age-related changes in DNA methylation across many species.
Widespread Cortical Demyelination in Geriatric Cases of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Irimia Andrei , Chowdhury Nahian , Wang Shania , Mahoney Sean , Van Ngo  , Rostowsky Kenneth , Hacker Benjamin , Chaudhari Nikhil 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cortical demyelination is related to neurodegeneration after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The ratio R of T1-to-T2-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) intensities is proportional to myelin content, and allows myelin changes to be mapped in vivo. T1 and T2 MRIs were acquired from mTBI patients (N = 97, age μ = 41 y; σ = 19 y, range: 21-79) both acutely and chronically (~1 week and ~6 months post-injury, respectively), from AD patients (N = 80, age μ = 76 y; σ = 8 y, range: 55-88), and from cognitively normal (CN) adults (N = 78, age μ = 75 y; σ = 5 y, range: 12-90). AD and CN subjects’ data were acquired less than a year apart. MRIs were analyzed using 3DSlicer’s BRAINSfit (registration), FreeSurfer (segmentation), SPM12 (bias field correction) and custom MATLAB scripts to calculate myelin content and demyelination. The null hypothesis of no myelin change was tested at each cortical location for each pair of groups (α = 0.05), after accounting for age, sex and interscan interval. Compared to HCs, AD subjects featured significantly greater myelin loss in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, lateral and medial temporal lobes (~52% of the cortex, p &lt; 0.05). mTBI participants experienced significantly greater myelin loss across ~96% of the cortex (p &lt; 0.05), suggesting that mTBI has dramatic impact upon cortical myelin content. Myelin loss magnitude was comparable across mTBI and AD, particularly within temporal lobes. Future research should study whether post-traumatic demyelination increases the AD risk.
Association between Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Incidences of Infection in Long-Term Care
Authors: Robbins Ronna , Serra Monica , Briley Margaret 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Insufficient serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are associated with increased respiratory tract infections, influenza, and other infectious diseases. As the world deals with the COVID-19 pandemic, the interest of adequate serum levels to reduce the risk of infection has surfaced. This study determined if the number of infections per year are associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations in long-term care (LTC). Participants (≥ 65 years) in a cross-sectional study were recruited across five LTC communities in Texas. Medical records were used to collect a one-year medical history using double-blind protocols. Blood draws were collected to measure serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Medical records were used to classify infections based upon documentation of signs and symptoms of infection concurrent with either a physician’s note or antibiotic/antiviral medication prescription. Race, BMI, sex, age, and liver and renal disease diagnoses were used as confounders. Of the 177 participants (89% Caucasian, 63% female, mean age 83 years) 69% had ≥1 infection over year and 55% had insufficient serum 25(OH)D concentrations &lt;30 mg/mL (mean 32.6 ng/mL). Linear regression did not show a significant association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and number of infections (β 0.003; 95% CI -0.014, 0.018; p=0.760). Additionally, insufficient serum concentration did not increase the odds of having an infection (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.05, -19.34; p=0.987). This study did not show a significant association between infection rates and serum 25(OH)D concentrations. However, further research is needed to determine if vitamin D supplementation could be an effective therapeutic intervention to reduce infection rates, including COVID-19.
Combating Age-Associated Immune Decline Using Kynurenine Pathway Interventions
Authors: Espejo Luis , DeNicola Destiny , Freitas Sam , Dang Hope , Turner Emily , Castro-Portuguez Raul , Haskins Anne , Sutphin George 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Select kynurenine pathway interventions extend lifespan in invertebrate models and are of interest in treating age-associated diseases. Kynurenine pathway activity is responsive to inflammatory signaling, and we are evaluating the potential for these interventions to increase pathogen resistance and curtail age-associated immune decline in Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals. The kynurenine pathway facilitates the catabolism of tryptophan to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Our lab has found that supplementing the kynurenine metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA) or inhibiting the enzyme 3HAA dioxygenase (HAAO) extends lifespan in C. elegans. 3HAA has demonstrated pro/anti-inflammatory properties in mammals, suggesting a potential role in immune function. C. elegans have a primitive immune system that lacks an adaptive element, but it recapitulates aspects of innate immune signaling and pathogen response. I hypothesize kynurenine pathway interventions that impact C. elegans’ lifespan similarly improve pathogen resistance and immunity. Interventions within the kynurenine pathway are capable of differentially impacting pathogenesis and lifespan of C. elegans challenged with Psuedomonas aeruginosa. C. elegans subjected to select lifespan-extending kynurenine pathway interventions fared better when challenged with P. aeruginosa at older ages. Additionally, fluorescent infection tracking has displayed decreased infection rates in worms with elevated 3HAA. Our data suggests pro-immune activity is facilitated by 3HAA acting downstream of the dbl-1 pathway in addition to directly inhibiting bacterial growth. Our goal is to discover the mechanism(s) through which the kynurenine pathway interacts with immune function in animals and identify potential targets for clinical therapy in aging populations.
Association Between Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines with Ambulation and Quality of Life in Claudication
Authors: Gardner Andrew , Montgomery Polly , Wang Ming , Shen Biyi , Zhang Shangming , Pomilla William 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We determined if meeting the 2018 physical activity guidelines was associated with better ambulatory function, health-related quality of life, and inflammation than failing to meet the guidelines in patients with peripheral artery disease and claudication. Secondly, we determined the optimal number of total daily steps that are needed to meet the physical activity guidelines. Five hundred seventy-two patients were assessed on their daily ambulatory activity for one week with a step activity monitor, and were grouped according to whether they achieved less than 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity per week (Group 1=Do Not Meet Guidelines; n=397), or whether they were above this threshold (Group 2=Meet Guidelines; n=175). Treadmill peak walking time (mean±SD) was significantly higher (p&lt;0.001) in Group 2 (709±359 sec) than in Group 1 (427±281 sec). The health-related quality of life score for physical function was significantly higher (p&lt;0.001) in Group 2 (61±22%) than in Group 1 (44±21%). High sensitivity C-reactive protein was significantly lower (p&lt;0.001) in Group 2 (3.6±4.5 mg/L) than in Group 1 (5.9±6.1 mg/L). Finally, 7,675 daily steps was the optimal threshold associated with meeting the physical activity guidelines, with a sensitivity of 82.9% and a specificity of 88.4%. In conclusion, patients with claudication who meet the 2018 physical activity guidelines for US adults had better ambulation, HRQoL, and inflammation outcomes than those who failed to meet the guidelines. From a practical standpoint, patients with claudication best achieved the physical activity guidelines by taking a total of 7,675 daily steps.
Social Disengagement and Cognitive Function: Does the Association Vary by Gender?
Authors: Kang Bada , Cho Eunhee , Oh Sarah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Although social disengagement is considered to be a predictor of cognitive decline, and increase risk of Alzheimer’s and related dementias, little is known regarding the gender-specific association between social disengagement and cognition among Korean middle-aged and older adults. Korea’s Confucianism-based gender roles provide unique contexts to examine gender differences in the influence of social disengagement on cognition. This study investigated the association between social disengagement and cognitive function in a nationally representative sample of Koreans aged 45 years or older (N = 5,196 women and 2,707 men), using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2008-2018). Results from the generalized estimating equation model showed that compared to consistent social engagement, consistent non-engagement was significantly associated with lower cognitive function among both genders. Transitioning from social engagement to non-engagement was significant for males only. Of various types of social activities (religious, senior center, sport, reunion, voluntary, political), consistent non-engagement in a senior center was most associated with lower cognitive function among both genders, while consistent non-engagement in religious activities was significant for females only. While household arrangements were not associated with cognition in men, widowed women had increased risk of cognitive decline than married women, as did women living in households of three or more people. Depression was a predictor of cognitive decline among males only. In this gender-specific study, we found that consistent participation in social activities, especially via membership in a senior community center, is beneficial in preventing cognitive decline among both genders.
Multitasking in Older Adults’ Daily Activities: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Stephan Abigail , Tian Junyan , Ross Lesley 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The ability to multitask, defined as conducting two or more activities simultaneously, is important in daily life. The majority of prior work has examined multitasking in laboratory settings. However, less is known about how multitasking in daily activities is related to older adults’ executive functioning and perceptions of aging. The current study investigated these relationships in a sample of 33 older adults aged 65-81 (M=70.0, SD=3.6). Participants were asked to describe activities they did each day and estimate time spent in each activity across fourteen days; multiple activities reported in the same time frame were considered multitasking. Executive function was measured at baseline using the Trail Making Test Part B (TMTB), with higher scores indicating worse performance. Expectations regarding aging were measured at baseline using the Expectations Regarding Aging (ERA-12) survey, with higher scores indicating more positive perceptions. Twenty-seven participants (81.82%) reported at least one instance of multitasking in the fourteen-day period. Participants were divided into three groups based on the median number of reported multitasks: no multitasking (n=6), low multitasking (≤4; n=15), and high multitasking (&gt;4; n=12). Although there were no significant differences within the ANOVA, participants who reported low multitasking trended towards poorer executive function and more positive expectations of aging (M_TMTB=100.28, M_ERA= 64.88) than both no multitasking (M_TMTB=82.12, M_ERA=50.46) and high multitasking groups (M_TMTB=94.90, M_ERA= 54.29). Additional research should investigate these possible relationships in larger samples and explore how covariates, such as gender and age, may moderate possible relationships.