bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Self
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to explore the concept of the use of self, a process of developing self-knowledge that enables social workers to use their personal characteristics and experiences to enhance their work with clients. The social work profession requires that practitioners attend to drawing reflectively on the “self” in organizing their practices. Various methods are presented to help social workers realize how personal characteristics can influence their practice in both positive and negative ways. By learning to capitalize on their strengths, social workers can develop a more effective relationship-development style. Several case vignettes from students in their field placement are used to illustrate that process.
Relationship Ruptures
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The social worker’s first task with clients is to develop a positive relationship, but as the intervention progresses he or she faces the ongoing challenge of sustaining that relationship so that the client can experience a positive environment for working toward his or her goals. As with all relationships, however, despite the practitioner’s best efforts, conflicts and misunderstandings may develop between the two parties that can threaten their bond and possibly undermine the work being done. The term relationship rupture refers to any event in direct practice that contributes to a deterioration in the social worker/client relationship once it has been positively established. The purpose of this chapter is to help social workers to become more skillful in identifying and repairing ruptures so that the relationship can resume in a productive direction.
Relationship Endings
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
All relationships involve a process of coming together, being together, and separating, and people ascribe different meanings to each step in the process. Thus, terminations and transfers can be delicate processes with some clients. The purpose of this chapter is to provide social workers with specific steps for promoting successful endings with their clients. Early learning about separation sets a pattern for how people experience endings, as transitions stimulate reenactments of prior experiences and influence their success or failure. In direct practice the social worker’s management of terminations and transfers can at times ensure the client’s maintenance of goals and positive momentum for a better life, especially when the relationship has been significant to the client.
Relationship Development with Psychotic Clients
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Psychotic symptoms, which are significant features of several mental disorders, can severely compromise a client’s ability to engage successfully in interpersonal relationships. All psychosocial interventions depend on a practitioner’s ability to establish a positive relationship with a client, but this can be especially difficult with psychotic persons due to their irrational perceptions of the world. Still, it is important to realize that these clients want to experience interpersonal connections even as they are often fearful of risking them. Only by developing an appreciation for the lived experience of psychotic clients can social workers maximize their potential to develop a relationship of trust. The purposes of this chapter are to examine the relationship capacities of clients who are psychotic and to present strategies for social workers to engage with them.
The Worker/Client Relationship in Technology-Assisted Interventions
Authors: Walsh Joseph 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
While the effective delivery of technology-assisted interventions remains a challenge for many social workers, they can be quite helpful for clients, and it is evident that positive worker/client relationships are possible through these media. With the worldwide onset of the COVID-19 pandemic it has become almost mandatory that human service practitioners become competent in these forms of service delivery. Given the inevitability of ongoing developments in this area, social workers should embrace the opportunities afforded by online therapies. The purposes of this chapter are to review various types of distance interventions and examine their effects on the quality of worker/client relationships, including 12 recommendations for social workers to enhance those relationships.
Making the World Safe for Dictatorship
Authors: Dukalskis Alexander 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Authoritarian states try to present a positive image of themselves abroad. They invest in foreign-facing media, retain public relations firms, and showcase their successes to elite and popular foreign audiences. But there is also a darker side to these efforts. Authoritarian states try to obscure or censor bad news about their governments and often discredit their critics abroad. In extreme cases, authoritarian states intimidate, physically attack, or even murder their opponents overseas. This book is about how authoritarian states manage their image abroad using both “promotional” tactics of persuasion and “obstructive” tactics of repression. They adopt these practices to enhance their internal and external regime security or, put differently, to make their world safe for dictatorship. To substantiate these arguments, the book uses a diverse array of data, including fieldwork and author interviews, cross-national data on extraterritorial repression, examination of public relations filings with the United States government, analysis of authoritarian propaganda, media frequency analysis, and speeches and statements by authoritarian leaders. It builds a new data set—the Authoritarian Actions Abroad Database—that uses publicly available information to categorize nearly 1,200 instances in which authoritarian states repressed their critical exiles abroad, ranging from vague threats to confirmed assassinations. It also selects three cases for closer examination to understand in more detail how authoritarian states manage their image abroad using combinations of promotional and obstructive tactics: China, Rwanda, and North Korea. The result is a new way of thinking about the international dimensions of authoritarian politics.
The Motivations Behind Authoritarian Image Management
Authors: Dukalskis Alexander 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Why would authoritarian states care how they are perceived abroad? This chapter builds theory to understand the motivations behind authoritarian image management. The chapter posits that scholarship on authoritarian legitimation and on autocracy promotion reveals that authoritarian image management can have causal effects for regime security. The chapter argues, drawing on Owen (2010), that authoritarian states manage their images abroad for both internal security (to bolster their domestic rule) and external security (to help build a friendlier international environment for their rule). All states attempt to manage their image abroad to some degree, but authoritarian states in the post–Cold War era have special incentives to do so given the predominance of democracy as an international norm.
Conclusion
Authors: Dukalskis Alexander 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This book has argued that authoritarian states try to maintain a positive image of themselves abroad and work to protect that image from criticism. The logic for this authoritarian image management strategy is to enhance both the internal and external security of the regime. The book drew on an array of empirical content to substantiate its arguments, including both global and case study material. This chapter offers concluding remarks. Specifically, it offers speculative comments in three areas. First, it complicates the models laid out in the book by considering temporal change, the proposed mechanisms in interaction with one another, and new opportunities afforded by technology. Second, it considers the future of authoritarian image management. Third, it asks what, if anything, democratic policymakers and publics ought to do.
BMA Narrative Archetypes
Authors: Auerbach Brent 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chapter 5.5 serves as the first of two Interludes addressing musical narrative. Following from the original proposition that motives must move and move readers, narrative is established as a necessary mechanism for structuring complete, meaningful analyses. The chapter first rehearses the argument that untexted music implicitly possesses narrative qualities. Evidentiary support is taken from seminal works both from literary theory (Propp, Frye, Liszka) and from the fields of musical semiotics and narrative (Nattiez, Hatten, McClary, Guck, Newcomb, Maus, Schmalfeldt, Almén, and Klein). The interlude continues by presenting four “archetypes” for organizing and animating (ascribing motion to) motivic findings. The first archetype, called BMA-1, communicates the progress of a single motive. The other three archetypes, all forms of BMA-2, model multiple motives or motivic elements in dialogue. The possible interactions are “Non-Engagement,” “Synthesis,” and “Triumph.” The BMA archetypes are demonstrated through discussion of works by Beethoven and Chopin.
Introduction
Authors: Corona León F. García , Wiens Kathleen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, co-editors León F. García Corona and Kathleen Wiens introduce and highlight the challenges, opportunities, and often overlooked importance of public-facing work in ethnomusicology. They articulate some of the crucial perspectives it can provide to the field of ethnomusicology. They show how and why public-facing work has been perceived, by academic culture, as "secondary" or "peripheral" to academic aims. They advocate for the importance and relevance of ethnomusicology in our society at large and shed light into the blind spots of current academic ethnomusicology programs.
Running Things
Authors: Strawn Cullen Buckminster 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ethnomusicologists equip themselves to study and understand complex systems of human thought and action, and to build relationships with individuals. Navigating personality and process, ethnomusicologists can listen deeply and act with diplomacy in balancing ambitious and broad creative vision with the smallest of logistical details while fostering cross-disciplinary collaboration and community engagement. This essay touches on the nature of public-facing executive leadership based in a public university and spanning arts and humanities, pointing out resonances with ethnomusicological training and practice such as “language” learning and meaningful communication. Corresponding examples of shortcomings in ethnomusicological training are given, such as needed emphases on conflict management, technological competence, and brevity.
Freelancing and Consulting
Authors: Groce Nancy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In following a public sector career, it is sometimes possible to secure a permanent and prestigious position at a high-profile leaving the academy. This process, however, is frequently not immediate and often requires a significant amount of practical experience, which, in turn, is often attained through freelance work. Although, in recent years, freelancing has come to symbolize a liminal state of unemployment, it can also be approached as a period of strategic preparation. Also, it should be noted that for some ethnomusicologists, establishing themselves as successful freelancers or consultants leads to flexible and rewarding career options. In this chapter, I present some basic information on how to get started in the world of public sector ethnomusicology as a freelancer, addressing some important questions such as: how to develop a consultant presence; how to determine honoraria and fees; how to overcome the lack of institutional support and self-promote among cultural organizations, educational or community groups, and/or for-profit entities; how to approach already-established scholars and cultural networks; and how to engage institutions in supporting freelance-driven projects. I do so by sharing my experience as someone who has spent her entire career in the public sector—much of it as a freelancer—and by giving practical advice and a general orientation to those interested in exploring public sector ethnomusicology as a long-term professional commitment.
Knowing How to Tell a Story
Authors: Summit Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As ethnomusicologists, we are trained in ethnographic research and we are aware of the complexities of representing and conveying the experiences of others. We learn to listen carefully, both to music and to women and men as they speak about the meanings of music in their lives. Contemporary ethnomusicology has stressed problems inherent in the “crisis of representation” that link ethnographic fieldwork and representation to colonial, imperial, and other repressive power structures. Conscious of the challenges in the representation of music, of culture, of experience, we pay attention to our own stance and positionality. But at the end of the day, we tell a story, in our own voice, framed by our own perceptions and experiences. As a rabbi and chaplain, the training I received in the art of storytelling has been invaluable to my work as an ethnomusicologist. These skills have been important as I tell my own story and convey the factors that draw me to my research. Knowing how to tell a story has been essential in presenting my work to colleagues, to foundations and funders, to friends and family members who are often at a loss to understand the work that I do. An understanding of storytelling has been important as I craft the story of the peoples whose music I study, and convey what I’ve learned in a way that is engaging, accessible, and compelling. How do I tell a story so my audience of the moment—my students, scholars from other disciplines, the chair of my department—are drawn into my work and share my excitement for my research?
Curating the Virtual Museum
Authors: Janeczko Jeff 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Academic programs in ethnomusicology are almost exclusively oriented toward training students for tenure-track positions at research institutions and liberal arts colleges. However, the students that graduate from these institutions do not exclusively follow this singular, narrowly defined career path. Nor should they. If the field of ethnomusicology is to increase its relevance outside academe, it would do well to pay to greater attention to how it prepares its practitioners for nontraditional career paths. This chapter examines some of the themes and issues that the author has encountered as an ethnomusicologist working for a nonprofit organization focused on the preservation and dissemination of American Jewish music. In addition to outlining some of the key differences between working inside and outside academe, it argues for a view of applied (or public) ethnomusicology that bridges gaps between ethnomusicology and musicology, between the academic and the “real” world, and between the universal and the particular—with case studies illustrating specific examples from the author’s work. A discussion section considers the ubiquity of the term “curator” in the present cultural moment, and offers suggestions as to how to individuals can prepare themselves and their students for nontraditional career paths. Ultimately, it argues that the pursuit of traditional and nontraditional career paths should be complementary—rather than mutually exclusive—endeavors, and that working to bridge the perceived gap between the two will strengthen both.
Activate Ethnomusicology Everywhere
Authors: Metz Kathryn 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Most ethnomusicology graduate programs emphasize research and teaching, with rare mentions of how to apply those skills beyond the academy or how to develop additional skills that might serve an ethnomusicology graduate student in their hunt for meaningful employment. In this chapter, the author discusses how to implement the idea of connecting music to social justice from the beginning of an ethnomusicology curriculum. The author advocates for incorporating more public scholars into the classroom environment and taking students out of the classroom into those public spaces, from museums to out-of-school arts programs to philanthropic institutions to service organizations. The chapter illustrates how to balance the academic syllabus with listening to and creating podcasts, reading blogs, long-form journalism, and professional organization publications affiliated with museums, arts nonprofits, and libraries, as well as specific job functions such as development, community engagement, marketing. The chapter explores how to reduce elitism against those who choose not to pursue a PhD beyond their master’s research and how to reconceive social justice-centered research in an entirely new environment.
Rethinking the Engagement of Ethnomusicologists with Performance and Applied Music Curricula
Authors: Moore Robin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Music schools and conservatories in the United States and abroad focus primarily on training performers; one of the reasons ethnomusicologists have had such difficulty expanding their employment opportunities in such institutions is because they have not given enough thought to how they can productively contribute to performance curricula. The field of ethnomusicology has engaged creatively with many subdisciplines in the humanities and social sciences, of course. But while this focus has resulted in insightful publications, it has typically held little immediate relevance for performers. A surprising number of ethnomusicology programs do not encourage applied music-making of any sort as a required part of training in the discipline. In general, ethnomusicology does not dialogue sufficiently with applied music faculty or students. This chapter begins with reflection on what aspiring performers of the twenty-first century need to know in order to be professionally successful and continues with a consideration of how coursework offerings by ethnomusicologists can be retooled so as to contribute directly to the requirements of students in BM programs: to ear training, music theory, orchestration, junior and senior recitals, and so on. Lastly, the chapter covers an approach to teaching world music courses that focuses both on applied performance and on pressing contemporary issues (community outreach, social justice, financial exploitation, etc.) that link world traditions to other repertoires and make their relevance immediately apparent.
Epilogue
Authors: Seeger Anthony 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As a concluding chapter, the author provides brief reflection upon the preceding chapters and shares his decisions, successes, and failures that shaped his own professional path. He describes experiences as a youth, as a life partner, as a scholar, and as a public-facing professional. These descriptions support deeper lessons on decision-making, and provide context for the author’s suggestions for navigating decision points. The author encourages individual readers to consider the outcomes that best suit their own personal and professional life, and to make use of their own experiences in childhood and youth. The author identifies ways in which the field of ethnomusicology (and its organizations) include or exclude the experiences and perspectives of professionals who work in the public sphere, and he suggests ways that individuals and organizations might help to rectify some of those long-standing gaps.
The Gray Zone of State-Insurgency Interface
Authors: Sen Rumela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter emphasizes how the various steps in the process of disengagement from extremism are linked fundamentally to the nature of linkages between insurgency and society, thereby bringing civil society into the study of insurgency in a theoretically coherent way. In places where structural violence is pervasive and spectacular episodes of violence are also recurrent, this chapter shows how, from the perspective of local population, the conceptual lines between war and peace, legit and illicit, state and insurgency, lawful and lawless, crimes and political acts, police action and rebel resistance become blurred. Surrounded by violent specialists belonging to two warring sides, civilians in conflict zones learn to inhabit one foot in insurgency and one foot in the state, creating a sprawling gray zone of state-insurgency overlap. It is in these gray zones where grassroots civic associations nurture the first traces of informal exit networks, more successfully in the South than in the North.
Rebel Retirement in the North through Discordant Exit Networks
Authors: Sen Rumela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter shows how weak grassroots organizations in the gray zone of state-insurgency interface led to scrawny informal exit networks in the North, discouraging rebel retirement and restricting their reintegration. The differences with the South stem from the secret and semi-secret ties that northern rebels build with state agents like police, politicians, and bureaucracy on the one hand and various nonstate agents like mafias and businesses on the other hand. These ties, alongside distinctive caste/class dynamics and land relations in the North, induces dominance of perverse criminality and spews intense militancy in the North, which vitiates the gray zone of state-insurgency interface.
Tough Times for the Loneliest Albatross
Authors: Durham William H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The waved albatross of Galápagos, the world’s only tropical albatross, has survived millennia of flying in low-velocity winds by foraging relatively short distances to the Peruvian upwelling. The advent of longline fishing along the coast of Peru and recent changes in El Niño have caught the albatross in a demographic pinch, rendering it critically endangered since 2007. Because reproductive pairs lay only a single egg per year under the best of circumstances, the conservation challenges are noteworthy and all the more serious because recurrent El Niño events shut down the albatrosses’ food supply. Effective conservation measures include human intervention to save “marooned” and abandoned eggs, to change longlining practices in the Peruvian coastal fishery, and to provide safe refugia on a small island off the coast of Ecuador where hungry albatrosses can raise chicks even closer to the upwelling. But until our efforts suffice to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the growing severity of El Niño events, we shall all have an albatross hanging around our necks: the beautiful waved albatross of Galápagos.
Beautiful on the Inside
Authors: Durham William H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Marine iguanas stand in stark contrast to the Galápagos rails. They vary enormously in space by size and color, supporting classification into 11 subspecies (whereas rails are monotypic). And they vary in time, especially males, which change to bright colors in the mating season—some to the point of being bright red and green “Christmas iguanas.” They vary over time in an additional special way: iguanas shrink up to 20% (or 2.7 inches) during the food scarcity of El Niño events. They have evolved the capacity to shut down their normal stress response when the ocean gets warm, thus becoming quiescent and riding out the storm. The larger the iguanas, the more they shrink and the longer they survive. Furthermore, nearly all marine iguana subspecies have increased in size since 1905, while, at the same time, climate change has made El Niño events stronger and longer. Could climate change be driving the evolution of larger marine iguanas? Will iguanas be able to keep up as El Niño worsens?