bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness of Pubertal Body Changes Among Primary School Children Aged 10-14 in Eastern Uganda; Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Bunoti Sarah , Tumwesigye Nazarius Mbona , Atuyambe Lynn 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Globally, programs that educate young people about pubertal body changes are vital. In some communities, teaching sexual education in schools has been the subject of debate. This is probably why access to sexual and reproductive health information and resources is still a challenge to children aged 10–14 years.
Methods

We conducted a qualitative study design among school children aged 10–14 years. Data were collected from 19 focus group discussions (FGDs) in 16 primary schools purposively selected from Eastern Uganda. Data were transcribed, coded and thematically analysed.
Results

We established that girls in rural schools were aware of their body changes than those from urban schools. Boys in urban schools were knowledgeable of pubertal body changes than those from rural schools. We further found that girls experienced pubertal-related challenges amongst themselves and boys including lack of shavers, pain while shaving, rape, bad boy-girl relationships, unwanted early pregnancies, limited funds to buy pads, menstrual pain, etc. Boys too indicated that they experienced similar challenges and these included lack of shavers, pain during and after shaving, changes in height, raping of girls, bad boy-girl relationships, peer pressure, HIV and other STIs, limited infrastructure, voice changes, bad body odour etc. Girls and boys endeavoured to overcome pubertal-related challenges by utilising advise from teachers, parents and friends.
Conclusion

Boys and girls who were knowledgeable about puberty body changes possessed opportunities that enable them to cope with pubertal-related challenges.
The Trade-off between Bank Concentration and Competition on Financial Stability within the East African Community
Authors: Nyangu Moses Nzuki , Marwa Nyankomo , Fanta Ashenafi , Minja Elinami 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper examines bank concentration, competition, and financial stability nexus across five emerging countries (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda & Burundi) within the East African Community (EAC). The methodological approach applied provides a critical and original contribution to the existing literature by testing the various theories explaining the relationships between bank concentration, competition, and stability. A two-step system Generalised Methods of Moments (GMM), is employed on a sample of 149 banks with 1,805 annual observations over the period 2001–2018. The findings reveal that high concentration and low competition lead to more financial stability and less probability of bank default risk. In addition, a non-linear relationship between competition and stability is not observed, revealing that greater competition undermines bank stability and makes banks more vulnerable to default risk. The findings thus lend to support the concentration-stability hypothesis that greater market power leads to more bank stability even after controlling for bank-specific, industry, and macroeconomic variables. The findings provide a significant policy contribution on the trade-off between bank concentration and competition, and the evaluation of financial stability.
Elevated CO2 Alleviates the Effects of Drought on Wheat - Aphid Interaction
Authors: Xie Haicui , Shi Fengyu , Li Jingshi , Yu miaomai , Fan Jia , Wu Shengyong , Xu Haiyun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Due to rising concentration of atmospheric CO2, climate change is predicted to intensify episodes of drought, however, our understanding of how combined environmental conditions will influence crop-insect interactions is limited. The direct effects of elevated CO2 and drought stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) nutritional quality, insect resistance and their indirect effects on the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) performance are reported here. Elevated CO2 was able to alleviate low water content in wheat caused by drought stress. Both elevated CO2 and drought promoted soluble sugar accumulation in wheat. However, elevated CO2 decreased and drought increased the amino acid content in wheat. Elevated CO2 induced the down-regulation of jasmonic acid (JA) -dependent defense, but up-regulated the salicylic acid-dependent defense. Drought enhanced abscisic acid accumulation that promoted the JA-dependent defense in wheat. Aphid-induced phytohormone resistance in wheat was not influenced by elevated CO2 and drought. The negative effects of drought on the performance of the aphid population was offset by positive effect of elevated CO2. In conclusion, elevated CO2 can alleviate the effects of drought stress on wheat nutritional quality and resistance, which results in unchanged damage to wheat from aphid populations under future elevated CO2 and drier conditions.
Climate Change and More Disturbed Land-Use Types will Further the Invasion of a Non-Native Annual Grass, Ventenata Dubia
Authors: Adhikari Arjun , Mangold Jane , Rew Lisa J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Many land uses are highly prone to invasion of new non-native plant species under changing climate. Identification of suitable habitat for invasive weeds and their projected infestation extent across different land use cover types under a changing climate is crucial for the broad management goals of prevention, detection, and rapid response. In this study, we adopted an ensemble approach of species distribution models to project potential habitat of the invasive annual grass, Ventenata dubia, along the road corridor of Gallatin county, Montana, USA, under current and future climates. The model prediction of V. dubia habitat was excellent. The climate predictors most correlated with V. dubia occurrence were precipitation, potential evapo-transpiration, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, and solar radiation for months during the growing season, and fall germination. The model projected 1,945 and 7,374 km2 under RCP4.5, and 2,306 and 11,050 km2 for road corridors and Gallatin county, respectively. We found that the projected increases in V. dubia infestations were highest for road corridors (239% under RCP4.5 and 302% under RCP8.5) compared to that of Gallatin County (127% under RCP4.5 and 241% under RCP8.5). Among the land class types, the model projected greatest expansion of V. dubia cover across agriculture land with 425% and 484% and grassland with 278% and 442% increase under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. We conclude that V. dubia with a short history of invasion is expanding at an alarming rate challenging the status quo and requires greater investment in detection and monitoring to prevent further expansion.
Deletion of TRIB3 Disrupts the Tumor Progression Induced by Integrin αvβ3 in Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhou Wen , Ma Junjun , Meng Lifeng , Liu Dabei , Chen Jun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Integrin αvβ3 have been proposed as crucial determinant for tumor sustained progression and a molecular marker for the estimation of tumor angiogenesis.Our study presented that integrin αvβ3 could efficiently promote the lung cancer proliferation and stem-like phenotypes. And this process is in a tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) dependent manner. Result: Mechanistically, integrin αvβ3 could mediate the activation of FAK/AKT pro-survival signaling pathway. Meanwhile, activated TRIB3 interacted with AKT to up-regulated FOXO1 and SOX2 expression, resulting in the sustained tumor progression in lung cancer. Our further analysis revealed that TRIB3 was significantly up-regulated in lung tumor tissues and correlated with the poor outcome in clinic, indicating the potential application of TRIB3 in diagnostic and prognostic estimation for patients with lung cancer.Conclusion:Our study showed here for the first time that integrin αvβ3 promote lung cancer development by activating the FAK/AKT/SOX2 in a TRIB3 dependent signaling pathway, and interrupt TRIB3/AKT interaction significantly improved the outcome of chemotherapy in tumor baring mice, representing a promising therapeutic strategy in lung cancer.
Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy In Mendefera Hospital-Case Control Study
Authors: Sereke Dawit , Hailemelcot Habte , Gebremeskel Ogbaselassie , Andemaraim Zeccarais 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Emergency peripartum hysterectomy is a life-saving procedure which involves the surgical removal of uterus and is usually performed for uncontrollable maternal haemorrhage when all other conservative management has failed. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, indication, risk factors and perinatal/maternal outcome related to EPH performed in Mendefera Regional Referral Hospital
Methods

Case-control study was carried out in women, who underwent EPH over a period of almost 8 years. Controls were women, who had spontaneous vaginal delivery or were delivered by Caesarean section, without EPH. The findings were analyzed using Stata 14.
Results

During the study period, there were a total of 15,527 deliveries and 31 cases of emergency peripartum hysterectomies, giving an incidence of 2 per1000 deliveries. The mean age, parity, and hospital stay of the cases was 31.5, 4.0 and 5.5 respectively. The main indications for the procedure were uterine atony (38.7%) and uterine rupture (25.8%). Factors showing a significant association with EPH were: being 40 + years of age (OR 10.6; 95%CI 1.5–76.1), being grand multiparous (OR 8.0; 95%CI 2.1–30.4) and CS on the index pregnancy (OR 16.6; 95%CI 7.80-35.95). Subtotal hysterectomy was performed in majority (74%) of cases. The case fatality rate and stillbirth rate was 13% and 34.4% respectively.
Conclusion

The incidence of EPH in our institution is very high and fetal outcome was poor. The commonest indication for EPH was severe hemorrhages most notably caused by uterine atony or uterine rupture, which are largely preventable.
Body Image, Life Satisfaction and Associated Factors Among Swedish Women with Breast Cancer After Mastectomy
Authors: Phoosuwan Nitikorn , Lundberg Pranee C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Women having undergone mastectomy due to breast cancer have experiences which are very much individual and contextual. In order to facilitate efforts to understand the women and improve their quality of life, the aim of this study was to investigate body image, life satisfaction and associated factors among Swedish women with breast cancer after mastectomy.Methods After mastectomy, four hundred and eighty-one Swedish women with breast cancer were enrolled in a descriptive cross-sectional study. Each participant completed a questionnaire comprising socio-demographic characteristics, sources of information, body image and life satisfaction. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to estimate relationships between socio-demographic characteristics, information support, sources of information, treatment variables, and outcome variables such as body image and life satisfaction.Results Body image was associated with all dimensions of life satisfaction. Lower age, underlying disease, chemotherapy and breast reconstruction increased body image dissatisfaction, while treatment options were factors associated with life satisfaction. Sources of information was a factor that increased life satisfaction in the dimensions of physical symptoms, sickness impact and quality of close friend relationship.Conclusion The findings highlight that some socio-demographic characteristics, treatment options and sources of information were associated with body image dissatisfaction and life dissatisfaction among the women with breast cancer after mastectomy. This can increase healthcare professionals’ understanding of women with breast cancer after treatment. They should provide effective information, focus attention on the women’s needs, and prepare intervention programs that make the women cope with their life situations during follow-up care.
Knowledge on Place of Delivery and Postnatal Care Among Reproductive Women in Urban Ghana: A Qualitative Thematic Synthesis
Authors: Akowuah Jones Asafo , Ama Opuni Antwiwaa , Addai Rita , Sarpong Dina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Place of birth delivery continues to be a canker to maternal healthcare despite the introduction of interventions and policies aimed to promote maternal health. Otutcomes on the choice of place of delivery has not been captured using rigorous qualitative approaches, which are empirically proven. This study investigated the accounts of mothers who have delivered in the last five years either home, assisted by TBAs or health facilities backed by care providers during labour and delivery and to evaluate the reasons for choice of delivery in urban Ghana.
Methods

Using an in-depth interview and two focus groups conducted with women of reproductive age (15–49) who had delivered in the past five years in the study area. The study investigated women's opinions, perceptions and experiences of care in terms of factors that influenced place of delivery, satisfaction with services and whether they would recommend services to neighbours.
Results

2 out of 16 mothers delivered home assisted TBA’s by despite the introduction of the free maternal delivery in addition to other available interventions such as focused ANC aimed at improving maternal healthcare.
Conclusion

The findings suggest that enabling factors to healthcare delivery are key to women's expectations, which in turn build up satisfaction. Service improvements, which address aspects of care, are likely to have an impact on health seeking behaviour and utilisation. Findings recommend that the Municipal health directorate adopt more user-friendly approaches and interventions to attract mothers who use home delivery and retain those who deliver in facilities.
Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Children with HIV/AIDS Attending a Tertiary Health Facility in Enugu, Nigeria: A Doppler Echocardiographic Study.
Authors: Arodiwe Ijeoma O. , Eke Christopher B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective:To determine the prevalence and factors associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in children aged between 18 months and 14 years with HIV/AIDS. Method: echocardiography was performed on 90 children with HIV/AIDS and their age and gender matched healthy controls. Results: Forty three (47.8%) of the HIV/AIDS patients had LVDD.This was more pronounced in the AIDS group with all (100%) affected, compared to HIV+carriers (36.5%) and controls (2.2%), p = 0.03. The E/A ratio increased from 1.90±0.56 m/s in the carrier group to 2.09±0.46m/s in AIDS group, p=0.01. Left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time increased from 79.40 ± 20.12m/s (HIV carrier group) to 110.40 ± 10.12m/s (AIDS group), p=0.04, and deceleration time (DT) increased from 184.66 ± 76.27 m/s (HIV carrier group) to 230.66±36.27 (AIDS group), p=0.02. A restrictive filling pattern was the most described in both groups. Positive correlation was found between body surface area and LVDD. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed this to be the predictor of LVDD. In the HIV group, total white cell count correlated negatively with LVDD, while in the AIDS group, age correlated positively with LVDD (r = -0.459, p = 0.024 and r = 0.874, p = 0.023 respectively). Conclusion:There is a high prevalence of LVDD in children with HIV and AIDS. Need exists to integrate routine cardiovascular assessment using echocardiography, particularly in those with AIDS as part of their standard case management for early identification and appropriate interventions to save lives.
Nickel-catalyzed oxidative fluoroalkylation of aryl halides via paired electrolysis
Authors: Wang Yi , Zou Zhenlei , Li Heyin , Huang Mengjun , Ni Shengyang , Zhang Weigang , Pan Yi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The paired electrolysis triggers multiple oxidative and reductive processes to occur simultaneously, which ensures the steady transformation of the intermediates to the desired coupling products. However, fluoroalkyl radicals have not been harnessed for metal-catalyzed cross-coupling with aryl halides under electrochemical conditions. This work describes a general strategy for rapid access to various fluoromethyl and difluoromethyl aromatics by paired electrolysis. The contradiction between anodic oxidation of fluoroalkyl sulfinates and cathodic reduction of low-valent nickel catalysts can be well addressed under mild cell conditions, allowing for direct introduction of fluorinated functionalities into aromatic systems.
Impact of One-Rod Levonorgestrel Implant on Blood Chemistry Profile
Authors: Gunardi Eka R. , Surya Raymond , Syafitri Inayah , Pasidri Yogi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of one-rod levonorgestrel implant on the blood chemistry profile which include random blood glucose (RBG), hemoglobin (Hb), alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), and lipid profile such as total cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerideMethods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Raden Saleh Clinic, Jakarta from 2010 to 2012. The implants were inserted subdermally in 30 patients. The subjects were evaluated for 6 months and the blood chemistry profile was followed up to 2 years. Bivariate analysis using t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed for all variables. The p <0.05 was considered as a significant value. Results: The level of Hb, RBG, AST, and lipid profile was different significantly before and after 6-months one-rod implant insertion (p<0.05). However, in 24 months, all of parameters were still on normal limit and not different clinically. Conclusion: One-rod levonorgestrel implant insertion shows minimal effect to all blood chemistry profiles.
Low Cost Bubble CPAP Machine with Pressure Monitoring and Controlling System
Authors: Feleke Etagegnehu Dagnachew , Gebremaryam Eyerusalem Gebremeskel , Regassa Feven Tadele , Kuma Hawi Rorissa , Sabir Hayat Solomon , Abagaro Ahmed Mohammed , Dese Kokeb 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Africa contributed to one-third of the world’s neonatal mortality burden. In the Sub-Saharan region, preterm birth complications are the leading, in which a neonate is a higher risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome that will require extra oxygen and help with breathing. When compared to other respiratory supportive methods for treating infants in respiratory distress, bubble continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) is a safe, and effective system that is appealing to many resource-limited neonatal units in low and middle income countries. However, despite of its benefit, the accumulation of condensate in the patient's circuit's exhalation limb during a bubble CPAP can significantly increase pressure delivered to the serious physical consequences that can potentially lead to respiratory failure. Currently, existing technology in developing nations is expensive, and they will not control the accumulation of condensate in the exhalation limb. This quietly increases the mortality rate of neonates. Therefore, the objective of this project was to design, and develop a bubble CPAP device that able to monitor and control pressure delivered to the infant.
Methods

In this project, a low-cost bubble CPAP machine with a pressure monitoring and controlling system has been developed. When the neonate expires, the pressure sensor inserted into the expiratory tube reads the instant positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and sends it to the microcontroller. The microcontroller decides whether to turn the relay (controls the electric power to the 2 - solenoid valve) to switch the way of expiration between the two expiratory tubes connected to the valves of two outlets. This depends on the pressure reading and the cutoff pressure value manually inserted by the physician.
Results

The prototype was built and subjected to various tests and iterations to determine the device's effectiveness. The developed prototype was tested for accuracy, safety, cost, ease of use, and durability. The prototype was accurate in 10 iterations that had been made to monitor and control the pressure. It was safe and provided accurate pressure for the neonate, and it was built for less than 193 USD.
Conclusion

The proposed design allows physicians, especially those in low resource settings, to easily monitor and control the accumulation of condensate in the exhalation limb of the CPAP machine accurately and safely. This helps to reduce the neonate mortality rate that may occur due to respiratory distress syndrome.
Path Integral based Non-equilibrium Quantum Field Theory of Non-relativistic Pairs inside an Environment
Authors: Binder Tobias 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We derive differential equations from path integral based non-equilibrium quantum field theory, that cover the dynamics and spectrum of non-relativistic two-body fields for any environment. For concreteness of the two-body fields, we choose the full potential non-relativistic Quantum Electrodynamics Lagrangian in this work. After closing the correlation function hierarchy of these differential equations and performing consistency checks with previous literature under certain limits, we demonstrate the range of physics applications. This includes Cosmology such as Dark Matter in the primordial plasma, Quarkonia Physics inside a quark-gluon plasma, and Condensed and strongly Correlated Matter Physics such as Bose-Einstein condensation or Superconductivity. Since we always had to take limits or approximations of our equations in order to recover those known cases, our equations could contain new phenomena. In particular they are based on non-equilibrium Green's function that can deal with non-hermite potentials as well as dynamical formation of different extreme phases. We propose a scheme for other Lagrangian based theories or higher N-body states such as molecules to derive analogous equations.