bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Warfarin Versus Rivaroxaban in Northern Chinese Patients With Different CHA2DS2-VASc Score
Authors: Xu Shiwei , Guo Yuanyuan , Li Xianghui , dong zengxiang , Hai Xin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Although many researches have indicated the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and rivaroxaban in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, the comparison of these drugs on safety and efficacy in northern Chinese patients with different CHA2DS2-VASc Score is unclear. We aim to compare the safety and efficacy of warfarin versus rivaroxaban in northern Chinese AF patients with different CHA2DS2-VASc Score subgroups. Methods: 387 AF patients were recruited in the study. Of these, one group patients (n=194) were receiving warfarin, and the other group patients (n=193) were receiving rivaroxaban. Follow-up data were collected for one year, which included adherence, bleeding and ischemic stroke (IS) events. Results: There was better adherence in rivaroxaban-treated group than warfarin-treated group. The events of bleeding decreased with increased score in warfarin-treated group. Patients with score 2-3, had better adherence and less stroke events in warfarin-treated group. The events of bleeding and stroke was not significantly different in rivaroxaban-treated group at different score. Conclusions: We found that there was better adherence and less bleeding and stroke events in rivaroxaban-treated group than warfarin-treated group with different CHA2DS2-VASc score. There is better choice for northern Chinese patients to select rivaroxaban in the anticoagulative treatment of AF, regardless of economic factors.
Rapidly Dissolving Microneedle Patch of Amphotericin-B for Intracorneal Fungal Infections.
Authors: Albadr Alyaa A. , Tekko Ismaiel A. , Vora Lalitkumar K. , Ali Ahlam A. , Laverty Garry , Donnelly Ryan F. , Thakur Raghu Raj 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chronic fungal infection of the cornea could lead to blindness if not treated properly. Topical AMP-B is considered the first treatment of choice for ocular fungal infection. However, factors related to its poor solubility and penetration through intact cornea leads to poor bioavailability. Microneedles (MNs) are emerging as a minimally-invasive method to enhance ocular drug delivery. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential use of biodegradable poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) based rapidly dissolving MNs for delivery of AMP-B to treat fungal infection. The data obtained illustrates PVP/HA MN arrays' reproducibility, good mechanical strength, and faster dissolution with 100% drug recovery. Multiphoton microscopic results revealed that MNs as microdevice successfully penetrate the corneal tissue and enhance AMP-B permeation through corneal layers. Furthermore, PVP/HA MNs arrays showed high solubility. Both PVP and HA successfully decreased AMP-B cytotoxicity when compared to free drug. More interestingly, the biocompatible MN formulations preserved the antifungal activity of AMP-B, as demonstrated by significant inhibition of fungal growth. Therefore, this study shows the feasibility of ocular delivery of the poorly soluble AMP-B using a fast-dissolving MN patch.
Optimization of Mycoremediation Potential of A Fungi: Aspergillus Ochraceus Strain
Authors: Ozyurek Sezen Bilen , Avcioglu Nermin Hande , Bilkay Isil Seyis 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mycoremediation is an important process that targets the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons by fungi. Accordingly, colorimetric method was used in the preliminary investigation of petroleum degradation with ten fungal strains as Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium oxysporum, Paecilomyces lilac, Penicillium crustosum, and Penicillium chrysogenum. Petroleum degradation of spore suspension, live biomass (fungal pellet and disc) and cell-free culture supernatant of the potent A. ochraceus strain were determined by gravimetric analysis. It was obtained that the fungal disc (94%) was more successful than the spore suspension (87%) in petroleum degradation under optimized conditions as pH:5.0, 1% of petroleum concentration, %5 (v/v) of inocum concentration, 1 g/100mL of inoculum amount and 7 days of incubation period. The degradation rate constant and half-life period of spore suspension were calculated as 0.291 day− 1 and t1/2 = 0.340 and of fungal disc were 0.401 day− 1 and t1/2 = 0.247. 7.5% and 10% (v/v) concentration of cell-free culture supernatant were achieved more than 80% of petroleum removal. However, the cell-free culture supernatant was not as effective as fungal disc. According to GC/MS analysis, the fungal disc of A. ochraceus strain degraded long chain n-alkanes such as C35 and C36 more effectively than n-alkanes in the range of C22-C34. Drop-collapse and oil-spreading methods showed that A. ochraceus is a good biosurfactant producer. This study clearly pointed out that Aspergillus ochraceus NRRL 3174 strain with high its removal capacity can be used as an effective agent in petroleum bioremediation process.
A Novel miRNA Y-56 Mediates The Proliferation of Porcine Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells By Targeting IGF-1R
Authors: Song Jie , Hao Linlin , Zeng Xiangfang , Yang Rui , Qiao Shiyan , Wang Chunli , Yu Hao , Wang Siyao , Jiao Yingying , Liu Songcai , Cheng Yunyun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The skeletal muscle phenotype of the Bama Xiang pig (BM) is significantly different from the Landrace pig (LP). Uncovering the mechanism of porcine skeletal muscle growth will be of great significance to elucidate the mechanism of the different formation. As the key post-transcriptional regulators, miRNAs play an indispensable role in skeletal muscle development. The proliferation of skeletal muscle satellite cells not only maintain the muscle stem cell population, but also provide a large number of muscle derived cells. Thus, the goal of this study is to explore the effects of a novel miRNA Y-56 on the porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells (PSCs). Results: Firstly, we found that Y-56 was highly expressed in porcine muscle tissues, and its expression was higher in the BM than the LP. The EdU staining and CCK-8 assays results showed that increased levels of Y-56 suppressed cell proliferation, whereas decreased levels of Y-56 resulted in the opposite consequences. Furthermore, flow cytometry results showed that overexpression of Y-56 significantly reduced the percentage of S-phase cells, and the qRT-PCR and western blotting results showed that the expression levels of cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK4), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Cyclin D1 were significantly inhibited. Moreover, downregulation of Y-56 increased the number of S-phase cells and the expression of CDK, PCNA and Cyclin D1. Furtherly, we identified that insulin like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) was a direct target of Y-56. Consistently, overexpression of IGF-1R promoted the cell proliferation of the PSCs, and increased the number of S-phase cells, as well as up-regulated the expressions of CDK4, PCNA and Cyclin D1. Meanwhile, knock-down of IGF-1R was associated with the opposite tend. Finally, overexpression of IGF-1R partially reversed the inhibition of cell proliferation of the PSCs, the decrease of the percentage of S-phase cells and down-regulation of the expression levels of CDK4, PCNA and Cyclin D1, which caused by overexpression of Y-56. Conclusion: Collectively, our findings suggested that Y-56 represses proliferation and cell cycle process of the PSCs through several biological mechanisms involving downregulation of IGF-1R.
Diagnosis, Treatment of Type I Autoimmune Pancreatitis and Management of Relapse and Side Effects After Steroid Treatment
Authors: Tang Neng , Dou Xiaolin , Liu Guodong , You Xing , Ou Zhenglin , Ke Mujing , Yi Xiaoping , Ji Liandong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare disease, have a dramatic response to steroid therapy, but the relapse rates(RRs) is very high, and the side effects of steroid therapy are inevitable. The aim of this study is to focus on the management of relapse and side effects. Methods: A single-centre, retrospective, cohort study of the type Ⅰ AIP patients admitted to Xiangya Hospital Central South University from September 2008 to September 2019 conducted. Collection and retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic data and outcomes of these patients. Results: 82 patients were included, 73.2% were histologically confirmed. 78.0% treated by medications: 62.5% prednisolone, 37.5% prednisolone plus cyclophosphamide. The RRs of the two group have no significant difference (35.0% vs 29.2%, P = 0.630). Increasing the dosage of prednisolone, the effective rate of the prednisolone treatment and prednisolone plus cyclophosphamide treatment relapsed patients were 78.57% and 71.43%, respectively. The side effects were DM in 12.5%; central obesity in 15.6%; hyperlipidemia in 18.8%; gastric ulcer in 6.3%; osteoporosis in 9.4%; bone fracture in 1.6%. For those side effects patients performed low dose prednisolone and expectant treatment have a ideal results. Conclusions: Increasing the dose of prednisolone can effectively treat relapsed patients. Low dose steroid and expectant treatment should be performed when side effects arised.
Modified Techniques Versus Hadfield’s Procedure in Patients With Periductal Mastitis
Authors: Dalci Kubilay , Gumus Serdar , Saritas Ahmet Gokhan , Gul Mehmet Onur , Rencuzogullari Ahmet , Akcam Atilgan Tolga , Ulku Abdullah , Ergin Melek , Sakman Gurhan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Periductal mastitis (PM) is a rare disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the terminal mammary ducts. Complete removal of the terminal canals with Hadfield’s operation applied in the treatment carries various complication risks. This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of modified techniques and compare them with the Hadfield operation.Methods: Twenty women who underwent surgery due to PM between January 2012 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Types of PM were determined. All patients were operated on with three different incisions (Hadfield’s operation with periareolar incision, periareolar combined with radial incision, and round block incision). Results: The age mean 37.5±6.5 years (range:24-49). Sixty percent of patients had type three PM. For the affected duct excision, a classic Hadfield’s operation with periareolar incision was performed in 11 patients, periareolar incision combined with radial incision was performed in 7 patients. The round block method was performed on two patients. Seroma was observed in only one of the patients who underwent the modified technique. In Hadfield’s procedure, NAC retraction (n:2), seroma (n:1), and hematoma (n:1) were seen. The follow-up period was 12±1.5 months. Recurrence occurred in two patients, and both had Hadfield’s procedures. Conclusions: The main principle of surgical treatment is excision of the affected canal with a clear margin. In PM treatment, The round block method and periareolar incision combined radial incision modifications of the Hadfield procedure reduce complications and recurrence risk.
Designing Highly Multiplex PCR Primer Sets with Simulated Annealing Design using Dimer Likelihood Estimation (SADDLE)
Authors: Zhang David , Xie Nina , Wang Michael , Song Ping , Wang Yifan , Yang Yuxia , Luo Junfeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The design of highly multiplex PCR primers to amplify and enrich many different DNA sequences is increasing in biomedical importance as new mutations and pathogens are identified. One major challenge in the design of highly multiplex PCR primer sets is the large number of potential primer dimer species that grows quadratically with the number of primers to be designed. Simultaneously, there are exponentially many choices for multiplex primer sequence selection, resulting in systematic evaluation approaches being computationally intractable. Here, we present and experimentally validate Simulated Annealing Design using Dimer Likelihood Estimation (SADDLE), a stochastic algorithm for design of highly multiplex PCR primer sets that minimize primer dimer formation. Our approach uses a rapidly computable Loss function to approximate the degree of primer dimer formation within a primer set, and randomly swaps primers in the set with alternative candidates using a simulated annealing algorithm. In a 96-plex PCR primer set (192 primers), we show that we can reduce the fraction of primer dimers from 90.7% in a naively designed PCR primer set to 4.9% in our optimized primer set. Running the optimized 96-plex primer set on FFPE DNA samples from cancer patients, we likewise observe a low fraction of primer dimer reads. Even when scaling to 384-plex (768 primers), the PCR primer set designed by our algorithm maintains low primer dimer fraction. In addition to NGS, we also show that our SADDLE-designed multiplex primer sets can be used in qPCR settings to allow highly multiplexed detection of gene fusions in cDNA, with a single-tube assay comprising 60 primers detecting 56 distinct gene fusions recurrently observed in lung cancer.
Amplified Antitumor Efficacy By A Targeted Drugs Retention and Chemosensitization Strategies-Based “Combo” Nanoagent Together With PD-L1 Blockade In Reversing Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Jiang Weixi , Su Lei , Ao Meng , Guo Xun , Cheng Chen , Luo Yuanli , Xie Zhuoyan , Wang Xingyue , Wang Junrui , Liu Shuling , Cao Yang , Li Pan , Wang Zhigang , Ran Haitao , Ren Jianli , Zhou Zhiyi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that multidrug resistance (MDR) plays a critical role in the low efficiency of cancer chemotherapy. The main mechanism of MDR arises from the overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which actively enhances drug efflux and limits the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. Results: In this study, we fabricated a “combo” nanoagent equipped with triple synergistic strategies for enhancing antitumor efficacy against MDR cells. Tumor homing-penetrating peptide endows the nanosystem with targeting and penetrating capabilities in the first stage of tumor internalization. The abundant amine groups of polyethylenimine (PEI)-modified nanoparticles then trigger a proton sponge effect to promote endo/lysosomal escape that enhances the intracellular accumulation and retention of anticancer drugs. Furthermore, copper tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (CuTCPP) encapsulated in the nanosystem, effectively scavenges endogenous glutathione (GSH) to relieve the detoxification mediated by GSH and sensitize the cancer cells to drugs, while simultaneously serving as a photoacoustic imaging (PAI) contrast agent for image visualization. Moreover, we also verify that the versatile nanoparticles in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy can not only activate immunological responses but also inhibit P-gp expression to obliterate primary and metastatic tumor. Conclusion: This work shows a significant enhancement in therapeutic efficacy against MDR cells and syngeneic tumors compared to an equivalent dose of free paclitaxel by using multiple MDR reversing strategies.
Cooperative interaction between ERα and the EMT-inducer ZEB1 reprograms breast cancer cells for metastasis
Authors: Ghahhari Nastaran , Sznurkowska Magdalena , Hulo Nicolas , Bernasconi Lilia , Aceto Nicola , Picard Didier 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed to contribute to the metastatic spread of breast cancer cells. EMT-promoting transcription factors determine a continuum of different EMT states. In contrast, estrogen receptor α (ERα) helps to maintain the epithelial phenotype of breast cancer cells and its expression is crucial for effective endocrine therapies. Determining whether and how EMT-associated transcription factors such as ZEB1 modulate ERα signaling during early stages of EMT could promote the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches to suppress metastasis. We have discovered that, shortly after induction of EMT and while cells are still epithelial, ZEB1 modulates ERα-mediated transcription induced by estrogen or cAMP signaling in breast cancer cells. Based on these findings and our ex vivo and xenograft results, we suggest that the functional interaction between ZEB1 and ERα may alter the tissue tropism of metastatic breast cancer cells towards bone.
Health-promoting Prisons in the Female Estate: An Analysis of Prison Inspection Data
Authors: James Woodall , Charlotte Freeman , Louise Warwick-Booth 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Women in prison has comparatively greater health needs than men, often compounded by structures and policies within the prison system. The notion of a ‘health-promoting’ prison is a concept which has been put forward to address health inequalities and health deterioration in prisons. It has, however, not been fully discussed in relation to women in prison. The paper aims to distil the learning and evidence in relation to health promotion in female prisons using prison inspection reports of women’s prisons in England and Wales. Methods: Prison inspection reports are one way of ascertaining the contemporary situation in prisons. Prison inspections are often unannounced and use a myriad of methods to draw conclusions around various aspects of prison life. Thirteen prison inspection reports were analysed thematically focusing on health promotion within the institutions. Two analysts conducted the work using NVivo 12. Results: Five core thematic areas were identified during the analysis of the reports. Saliently, a joined-up approach to health promotion was not a common feature in the prisons and indeed the focus tended to be on screening and ‘lifestyle issues’ rather than a concern for the underlying determinants of health. There was often an absence of a strategic approach to health promotion. There were some good examples of the democratic inclusion of women in prison in shaping services, but this was not widespread and often tokenistic. There were some examples of inequity and the inspection reports from a small number of institutions, illustrated that the health needs of some women remained unmet. Conclusions: The paper suggests that there is potentially some work before conditions in women’s prisons could be described as ‘health-promoting’, although there are some examples of individual prisons demonstrating good practice. The health promoting prison movement has, implicitly at least, focused on the needs of men in prison and this has been to the exclusion of the female prison population. This does lead to several challenges and the potential for exacerbating health challenges faced by an already marginalised and vulnerable group. Greater focus on the health promotion needs of women in prison is required.
Predator-Based Selection And The Impact of Edge Sympatry On Components of Coral Snake Mimicry
Authors: Wilson Lauren , Lonsdale George , Curlis John David , Hunter Elizabeth , Cox Christian L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mimicry is a vivid example of how predator-driven selection can impact phenotypic diversity, which itself can be influenced by the presence (sympatry) or absence (allopatry) of a dangerous model. However, the impact of sympatry and allopatry on predation on mimicry systems at fine spatial scales (e.g., edge sympatry, allopatry) is not well understood. We used a clay replica study in a montane tropical site in Honduras to test the impact of edge sympatry on 1) overall attack rates, 2) the fitness benefit of mimetic coloration, 3) predation on specific mimetic signal components, and 4) temporal variation in predator-based selection on mimicry components. Unlike previous research, we found that mimetic phenotypes received significantly more attacks than cryptic replicas in edge sympatry, suggesting that mimetic phenotypes might not confer a fitness benefit in areas of edge sympatry. Additionally, we documented temporal variation in predator-based selection, as the impacts of allopatry on predatory attacks varied among years. Our results imply that the effect of sympatry and allopatry on predator-based selection in mimicry systems may be more complex than previously thought for species-rich assemblies of coral snakes and their mimics in the montane tropics.
Developing SSR Individual Identification System and Tracking the Geographical Origin of Timber for the Endangered Species Chamaecyparis Formosensis
Authors: Hu Chiun-Jr , Chu Fang-Hua , Huang Yi-Shiang , Tu Yu-Ching , Hung Yu-Mei , Tseng Yu-Hsin , Pu Chang-En , Hsu Cheng Te , Chao Chi-Hsiang , Chou Yu-Shyang , Liu Shau-Chian , You Ya Ting , Hsu Shuo-Yu , Hsieh Hsiang-Chih , Wang Chieh-Ting , Chen Chi-Tsong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chamaecyparis formosensis is an endemic species of Taiwan, threatened from intensive use and illegal felling. An individual identification system for C. formosensis is required to provide scientific evidence for court use and deter illegal felling. In this study, 36 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed. By applying up to 28 non-linkage of the developed markers, it is calculated that the cumulative random probability of identity (CPI) is as low as 1.652×10-12, the combined power of discrimination (CPD) is as high as 0.999999999998348, and the identifiable population size is up to 60 million, which is greater than the known C. formosensis population size in Taiwan. Biogeographical analysis data show that C. formosensis from four geographic areas belong to the same genetic population which can be further divided into three clusters: SY (Eastern Taiwan), HV and GW (Northwestern Taiwan), and MM (Southwestern Taiwan). The developed system was applied to assess the provenance of samples with 88.44% of accuracy rate, and therefore can serve as a pre-screening tool to reduce the range required for comparison. The system developed in this study is a potential crime-fighting tool against illegal felling.