bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Efficacy and Side Effects of Corticosteroid Therapy in Severely ill COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Cai Yun , Li Lu , Chen Jing , Li Kening , Zhang Shenli , Wang Ziyu , Li Jie , Zhu Mengyan , Huang Bin , Wu Lingxiang , Wu Wei , Wu Min , Ding Rong , Jia Xiuzhi , Wang Chaochen , Wang Qianghu , Xia Xinyi , Xiao Ying , Lyu Sali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Cytokine storms are a common complication in severely ill patients with COVID-19, for which corticosteroid therapy (CsT) is used as adjuvant treatment. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of CsT in patients with COVID-19.Methods: A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted in 1,392 severely ill patients with COVID-19 from Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital. Patients received at least one dose (1–2 mg·kg-1·day-1 for 3–5 days) of methylprednisolone were divided into CsT group, whereas the rest were assigned into the non-CsT group. Results: Of 1,392 patients, 116 were assigned to the CsT group and 1,226 to the non-CsT group. Patients in the CsT group showed comparable mortality rate (1.8% vs. 1.2%, P > 0.99) and viral clearance time (44.5 days vs. 46.0 days, P = 0.48), but longer hospitalization time (21 days vs. 12 days, P < 0.001) than those in non-CsT group. During CsT, the proportion of lymphocytes was lower (14.7 % vs. 18.5 %, P = 0.01), while neutrophils was higher (77.1 % vs. 69.8 %, P < 0.001), than before treatment. The C-reactive protein (CRP) level was significantly lower after CsT (3.1 mg/L vs. 9.5 mg/L, P < 0.001). Furthermore, indicators of liver function (gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) and cardiac function (brain natriuretic peptide [BNP], α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase [α-HBDH], and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]) increased significantly during CsT but returned to normal after CsT. Patients who developed liver damage showed higher GGT, ALT, AST, LDH, Cre, and CRP; patients who developed heart injury had higher AST, LPH, CRP, lymphocyte (LYM), glucose, BNP, and α-HBDH; and patients who developed kidney failure had higher α-HBDH, LDH, CRP, and LYM values than before CsT. Additionally, patients who received CsT with cardiovascular disease showed a continuous elevation in D-dimer levels.Conclusions: CsT effectively attenuates the inflammatory response in severely ill patients with COVID-19 at a relatively low dose in a short duration; however, CsT increases the risk of hepatic and cardiac abnormalities.
Deciphering the interactions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins with human ion channels using machine learning-based method
Authors: Munjal Nupur S. , Sapra Dikscha , Goyal Abhishek , Parthasarathi K.T. Shreya , Pandey Akhilesh , Banerjee Manidipa , Sharma Jyoti 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic which began in 2019. It has a high transmission rate and pathogenicity leading to health emergencies and economic crisis. Recent studies pertaining to the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibited the indispensable role of ion channels in viral infection inside the host. Moreover, machine learning (ML)-based algorithms are providing higher accuracy for host-SARS-CoV-2 protein-protein interactions (PPIs). In this study, predictions of PPIs of SARS-CoV-2 proteins with human ion channels (HICs) were performed using PPI-MetaGO algorithm. The PPIs were predicted with 82.71% accuracy, 84.09% precision, 84.09% sensitivity, 0.89 AUC-ROC, 65.17% Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) score and 84.09% F1 score. Thereafter, PPI networks of SARSCoV-2 proteins with HICs were generated. Furthermore, biological pathway analysis of HICs interacting with SARS-CoV-2 proteins showed the involvement of six pathways, namely inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, insulin secretion, renin secretion, gap junction, taste transduction and apelin signaling pathway. Our analysis suggests that transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 (TRPM4), transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1), gap junction protein alpha 1 (GJA1), potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4 (KCNN4), acid sensing ion channel subunit 1 (ASIC1) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) could serve as an initial set to the experimentalists for further validation. Additionally, various US food and drug administration (FDA) approved drugs interacting with the potential HICs were also identified. The study also reinforcesthe drug repurposing approach for the development of host directed antiviral drugs.
Bio-Intervention Phyto-Based Material For Raw Goatskin Preservation: A Cleaner-Sustainable Approach
Authors: Hashem Md. Abul , Hasan Md. Anik , Momen Md. Abdul , Payel Sofia , Hasan Mehedi , Shaikh Md. Zillur Rahaman 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The regular practice of using sodium chloride to preserve raw animal skin triggers increasing salinity and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the surface and groundwater during rehydration soaking operations. The process disrupts the lives of animals, plants, and human beings. This paper is focused on the phyto-based short-term preservation of goatskin to reduce salinity in tannery soaking operations. The indigenous Persicaria hydropiper leaf was investigated to assess the preservation of animal skin to diminish salinity and TDS of tannery soaking wastewater. Methanol extracted leaf was characterized by GC-MS and FTIR for chemical composition analysis and affiliated functional groups. Fresh goatskins were preserved at the preliminary, laboratory, and pilot-scale scenarios to establish the best possible mixture, monitor the moisture and nitrogen content, shrinkage temperature, microorganism analysis, and pollution load at each level. The processed leathers derived from the preserved skins with an optimal mixture of 10% leaf paste with 8% salt and conventional 50% salt were tested for their physical strength. Finally, the modification in fiber structure due to the varieties of preserving chemicals was evaluated through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and detected insignificant variation of leather fibers. The findings reported in this study can be applied to the industrial level and remove certain amounts of salinity and TDS from tannery soaking wastewater.
Safety and Efficacy of Common Endoscopic Treatments in Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Yang Hang , Hu Bing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe safety and efficacy has always been a concern, when patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC) receive endoscopic treatments. Methods We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of common endoscopic treatments including endoscopic resection (ER) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) applying to patients with DLC. Results81 patients received ER (43 endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and 38 endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)) and 131 patients were treated by ERCP. There were no significant differences of the rate of degeneration and invariability of Child-Pugh (CP) class and the overall rate of adverse events between two groups (93.8%/8.6% ER vs. 96.2%/15.3% ERCP). Both the degeneration rate of CP class (35.4%) and the rate of adverse events (27.1%) in subgroup C of ERCP group was significantly higher (P=0). The rate of poor outcomes was higher in ERCP group (12.2%) than that in ER group (2.5%) (P=.02). And subgroup C of ERCP group had a higher poor outcome rate (27.1%) (P=0).ConclusionsER and ERCP could remove focal lesions or relieve symptoms induced by targeted diseases without significant changes of CP class. Significant benefits and risks coexisted in CP class C patients with DLC when receiving ERCP.
Comparison of The Accuracy of Clinicians’ Prediction of Survival and Palliative Prognostic Score: An East Asian Cross-Cultural Study
Authors: Hiratsuka Yusuke , Yoon Seok-Joon , Suh Sang-Yeon , Choi Sung-Eun , Hui David , Kim Sun-Hyun , Lee Eon Sook , Hwang Sun Wook , Cheng Shao-Yi , Chen Ping-Jen , Mori Masanori , Yamaguchi Takashi , Morita Tatsuya , Tsuneto Satoru , Inoue Akira 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose:No study has been conducted to compare the clinicians’ prediction of survival (CPS) with Palliative Prognostic Scores (PaP) across countries. We aimed to compare the performance of the CPS in PaP (PaP-CPS), the PaP without the CPS, and the PaP total scores in patients with advanced cancer in three East Asian countries.Methods:We compared the discriminative accuracy of the three predictive models (the PaP-CPS [the score of the categorical CPS of PaP], the PaP without the CPS [sum of the scores of only the objective variables of PaP], and the PaP total score) in patients in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for 30-day survival to compare the discriminative accuracy of these three models.Results:We analyzed 2,072 patients from three countries. The AUROC for the PaP total scores was 0.84 in patients in Japan, 0.76 in Korea, and 0.79 in Taiwan. The AUROC of the PaP-CPS was 0.82 in patients in Japan, 0.75 in Korea, and 0.78 in Taiwan. The AUROC of the PaP without the CPS was 0.75 in patients in Japan, 0.66 in Korea, and 0.67 in Taiwan.Conclusion:The PaP total scores and the PaP-CPS consistently showed similar discriminative accuracy in predicting 30-day survival in patients in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. It may be sufficient for experienced clinicians to use the CPS alone for estimating the short-term survival (less than one month) of patients with far-advanced cancer. The PaP may help to improve prognostic confidence and further reduce subjective variations.
Redefining Waters of the US: A Case Study from the Edge of the Okefenokee Swamp
Authors: Jackson C Rhett , Sytsma Caleb , Sutter Lori A. , Batzer Darold P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Defining the upslope extent of Federal Clean Water Act jurisdiction over wetlands and streams has been contentious since the passage of the Act but has large effects on the type, number, and area of wetlands that are protected by legislation. Federal guidance in the US has changed and evolved in response to scientific knowledge, Supreme Court decisions, and policy goals of Presidential Administrations. In 2020, the Trump administration replaced the Obama administration Clean Water Rule with the Navigable Waters Protection Rule with the goal of reducing jurisdiction over so-called isolated depressional wetlands and small streams. Here we use a case study of a titanium sands mining proposal on Trail Ridge southeast of Okefenokee Swamp to illustrate the large reduction in wetland and stream protection engendered by this policy change. Under the Navigable Waters Protection Rule, all seven wetlands within the 232 ha mining area, totaling 131 ha or 56% of the project area, were deemed non-jurisdictional and thus the project required no federal review or permitting. Under an earlier mining application under the Clean Water Rule, all of these wetlands were declared jurisdictional. Trail Ridge is located on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, an ecological province rich in depressional wetlands and ill-defined surface drainages. This case study shows that in such environments, the Navigable Water Protection Rule will allow destruction of large numbers and areas of ecologically significant wetlands.
Time Trend and Bayesian Mapping of Multiple Myeloma Incidence in Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Broccia Giorgio , Carter Jonathan , Ozsin-Ozler Cansu , Meloni Federico , Pilia Ilaria , De Matteis Sara , Cocco Pierluigi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A few reports have described increasing trends and spatial distribution of multiple myeloma (MM). We used a validated database including the 1606 cases of MM diagnosed in Sardinia in 1974–2003 to explore its time trend, and we applied Bayesian methods to plot MM probability by administrative unit on the regional map. Over the 30 years of observation, the MM standardized incidence rate (standard world population, all ages) was 2.17 x 10− 5 (95% CI 2.01–2.34), 2.29 (95% CI 2.06–2.52) among men, and 2.06 (95% CI 1.83–2.28) among women. MM incidence increased by 3.3%/year in 1974–2003, in both males and females, particularly among the elderly and in the high incidence areas. Areas at risk tended to cluster in the north-eastern part of the region. A higher proportion of elderly in the resident population, but not socioeconomic factors, nor livestock farming, was associated with higher incidence rates. The steep upward time trend and the spatial clustering of MM suggest interactions between genetic and environmental determinants that might be more efficiently investigated in the areas at risk.
Biodegradation of Naphthalene Using Glass Beads Roller Bioreactor: Application of Artificial Neural Network Modeling
Authors: Mohammed Sinan J. , mustafa yasmen , Jabbar Mohanad S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A roller bioreactor containing inert glass beads was employed to enhance naphthalene biodegradation in an aqueous solution. Mixed culture of microorganisms was isolated from sewage waste sludge and adopted for naphthalene biodegradation. The biodegradation of 300mg/L naphthalene in the bioreactor with no glass beads proceeded slowly until depletion after seven days. In the presence of glass beads, the biodegradation rate was faster; it depleted after four days. The biodegradation rate of naphthalene was equal to 1.99 mgL-1 hr-1 for bioreactor with no beads, while it is equal to 5.42, and 5.54 mgL-1 hr-1 for bioreactor with 40%load, 6mm size and 50% load, 5mm size of glass beads, respectively. For 500mg/L naphthalene, nine days on the bioreactor with no glass beads and five days on glass beads bioreactors were required to complete depletion. The biodegradation rate is equal to 2.33, 7.29, and 7.85 mg/L-1hr-1 for bioreactors with no glass beads, 40% load with 6mm, and 50% load with 5mm glass beads, respectively. The specific growth rate was increased in the bioreactor with glass beads; it represents 0.031, 0.050, and 0.054 hr−1 for 300mg/L and 0.043, 0.061, and 0.065 hr−1 for 500mg/L respectively for the previously mentioned conditions. An artificial neural network was used to model naphthalene dissolution and biodegradation. A correlation coefficient of 99.2% and 98.3% were obtained between the experimental and predicted output values for dissolution and biodegradation, respectively, indicating that the ANN model could efficiently predict the experimental results. Time represents the most influential parameter on the dissolution and biodegradation treatment.
A Cold-Atom Interferometer with Microfabricated Gratings and a Single Seed Laser
Authors: Lee Jongmin , Ding Roger , Christensen Justin , Rosenthal Randy , Ison Aaron , Gillund Daniel , Bossert David , Fuerschbach Kyle , Kindel William , Finnegan Patrick , Wendt Joel , Gehl Michael , McGuinness Hayden , Walker Charles , Lentine Anthony , Kemme Shanalyn , Biedermann Grant , Schwindt Peter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The extreme miniaturization of a cold-atom interferometer accelerometer requires the development of novel technologies and architectures for the interferometer subsystems.
We describe several component technologies and a laser system architecture to enable a path to such miniaturization.
We developed a custom, compact titanium vacuum package containing a microfabricated grating chip for a tetrahedral grating magneto-optical trap (GMOT) using a single cooling beam.
The vacuum package is integrated into the optomechanical design of a compact cold-atom sensor head with fixed optical components.
In addition, a multichannel laser system driven by a single seed laser has been implemented with time-multiplexed frequency shifting using single sideband modulators, reducing the number of optical channels connected to the sensor head.
This laser system architecture is compatible with a highly miniaturized photonic integrated circuit approach, and by demonstrating atom-interferometer operation with this laser system, we show feasibility for the integrated photonic approach.
In the compact sensor head, sub-Doppler cooling in the GMOT produces 15 μK temperatures, which can operate at a 20 Hz data rate for the atom interferometer sequence.
After validating atomic coherence with Ramsey interferometry, we demonstrate a light-pulse atom interferometer in a gravimeter configuration without vibration isolation for 10 Hz measurement cycle rate and T = 0 - 4.5 ms interrogation time, resulting in Δg/g = 2.0e-6.
All these efforts demonstrate progress towards deployable cold-atom inertial sensors under large amplitude motional dynamics.
Up-Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-2 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Migration and is Associated with Bone Metastasis in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer.
Authors: Han Shuai , Wang Zhenhua , Bai Guangjian , Han Zhitao , Bai Yunpeng , Song Xin , Zeng Jin , Liu Tielong , Wang Jian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality. About 40% NSCLC patients develop bone metastasis. The aberrant expression of IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor-2) is known to be linked with many malignancies, but it has not been reported in NSCLC. Methods and Results:We first used the GEO database for differential gene analysis and showed a correlation between IGF2 and bone metastasis in NSCLC. IGF2 was highly expressed in primary NSCLC and even more highly expressed in bone metastases. Our in vivo experiment also showed that IGF2 promoted lung cancer proliferation and migration. In addition, IGF2 overexpression activated AKT/NF-κB pathway by promoting IGF1R and INSR phosphorylation, and enhanced osteolytic lesions in lung cancer.Conclusions：Up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor-2 can promote the proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells, and is related to bone metastasis.
Privacy Preserved Medical Service Provider Selection in Cloud-based WBAN
Authors: Pattanayak Anupam , Dutta Mou , Dhal Subhasish 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Continuous health status monitoring of the persons equipped with Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is one of the key emerging technologies in the area of e-healthcare. In this technology, WBANs and Medical Service Providers (MSPs) are connected via a cloud infrastructure, where WBAN continuously uploads the present readings of physiological parameters via base station such as smart phone, smart watch, etc. Cloud analyzes the physiological parameters and whenever any medical emergency of the user is detected, it checks the infrastructural parameters including the location information of all MSPs connected to it and finds the most appropriate MSP to handle the

medical emergency. This MSP selection task has to be performed efficiently so that the medical treatment of the user can start as early as possible. In the existing works, a trusted third party, namely, trusted authority (TA) actively participates in the MSP selection process, which may take undue advantages. The aim of the work in this paper is to remove the role of TA during MSP

selection process. However, TA will participate in the system setup phase such that it cannot obtain any advantage in compromising the MSP selection task. The proposed scheme has been scrutinized through an adversary model and simulated using ProVerif tool to verify the security and privacy.
Evaluation of Prenatal Central Nervous System Anomalies: Obstetric Management, Fetal Outcomes and Chromosome Abnormalities
Authors: Tan Ann Gee , Sethi Neha , Sulaiman Sofiah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective: To study the prognostic outcomes of fetuses with prenatally diagnosed central nervous system (CNS) anomalies and describe the obstetric management for those fetuses.Methods: In this retrospective study, fetuses who were detected to have central nervous system by prenatal ultrasound from January 2010 to December 2019 were recruited. Data regarding prenatal diagnosis and obstetric outcome were retrieved from maternal and paediatric records. Prognosis of children who survived till delivery was classified based on their neurodevelopmental outcome within 2 years of life.Results: 365 fetuses were prenatally diagnosed with CNS malformations within the 10-year study period, at a mean gestational age of 24.65±7.37 weeks at diagnosis. Ventriculomegaly (23.36%) was the commonest CNS anomalies diagnosed antenatally. 198 (54.20%) fetuses has associated extra-CNS anomalies, with cardiovascular system being the most common organ system involved with CNS anomalies. Karyotyping was performed in 111 pregnancies, with chromosomal aberrations detected in 53 (49.07%) cases and culture failure in 3 cases. Edward syndrome and Patau syndrome were commonly associated with CNS anomalies. Fetuses with congenital CNS anomalies and abnormal chromosomal karyotyping more likely to be diagnosed earlier by prenatal ultrasound and tend to have poorer obstetric and neurocognitive prognosis. Among the 279 cases whom their pregnancy outcomes were available, 105 (37.63%) pregnancies were electively terminated, 35 (12.54%) pregnancies ended in spontaneous loss while the remaining 139 (49.82%) cases resulted in live births. The decision of TOP largely depends on mean diagnostic gestational age, presence of chromosomal aberrations and abnormal amniotic fluid volume in those fetuses. Ruling out 21 (15.11%) cases which were lost to 2-year follow-up, only 75 (53.96%) infants were still alive by the age of 2 years. Only 32 (23.02%) children with prenatally diagnosed CNS anomalies had normal neurodevelopmental outcome. The presence of multiple CNS anomalies and involvement of extra-CNS anomalies indicated a poorer neurodevelopmental prognosis.Conclusion: Less than 50% of fetuses with prenatally diagnosed CNS anomalies resulted in live births. Even if they survive till delivery, majority passed away within 2 years or had neurodevelopmental disability.
The Viral Distribution and Pathological Characteristics of BALB/c Mice Infected With Highly Pathogenic Influenza H7N9 Virus
Authors: Wu Xiao-Xin , Tang Song-Jia , Yao Shu-Hao , Zhou Yu-Qin , Xiao Lan-Lan , Cheng Lin-Fang , Liu Fu-Ming , Wu Nan-Ping , Yao Hang-Ping , Li Lan-Juan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The highly pathogenic Influenza H7N9 virus is believed to cause multiple organ infections. However, there have been few systematic animal experiments demonstrating the virus distribution after H7N9 virus infection. The present study was carried out to investigate the viral distribution and pathological changes in the main organs of mice after experimental infection with highly pathogenic H7N9 virus.Methods: The mice were infected with A/Guangdong/GZ8H002/2017(H7N9) virus via nasal inoculation. Some mice were killed at 2, 3, and 7 days after infection. The other mice were used to observe their illness status and weight changes. The characteristics of viral invasion were analysed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and viral isolation. The pathological changes of the main organs were observed using haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry.Results: The weight of mice infected with A/Guangdong/GZ8H002/2017(H7N9) virus increased slightly in the first two days. However, the weight of the mice decreased sharply in the following days by up to 20%. All the mice had died by the 8th day after infection and showed multiple organ injury. The emergence of viremia in mice was synchronous with lung infection. On the third day after infection, except in the brain, the virus could be isolated from all organs (lung, heart, kidney, liver, and spleen). On the seventh day after infection, the virus could be detected in all six organs. Brain infection was detected in all mice, and the viral titre in the heart, kidney, and spleen infection was high.Conclusion: Acute diffuse lung injury was the initial pathogenesis in highly pathogenic H7N9 virus infection. In addition to lung infection and viremia, the highly pathogenic H7N9 virus could cause multiple organ infection and injury.