bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engaging young people within a collaborative knowledge mobilization network: Development and evaluation
Authors: Halsall Tanya , McCann Emma , Armstrong Julia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is critical that mental health systems place a focus on prevention and early intervention focused on young people while integrating youth voice to guide priority directions.ObjectiveThis study was designed to better understand how youth advisories can be utilized to influence strategic directions within integrated knowledge mobilization networks operating within the youth mental health system.DesignTo support this objective, we reviewed the detailed stages of development in establishing a youth advisory within a national network designed to support the integration of youth services. We also engaged the advisory in a participatory evaluation process that examined the extent to which the network had created processes to include youth voice in decision‐making.ResultsResults from the surveys identified moderate to high levels of individual engagement as well as strong development of processes and procedures that support the inclusion of youth voice across the network.DiscussionMajor successes and challenges are presented and discussed with respect to the development of the advisory. The findings are useful for youth advocates and adult allies working to support youth engagement (YE) in knowledge mobilization to enhance the mental health services system. This study also contributes to research and evaluation efforts examining YE and represents an exemplar methodology for evaluating YE efforts at the system level.Patient or Public ContributionYoung people as mental health service users and youth mental health advocates were involved in the design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of the data as well as the preparation of this manuscript.
Erosive wear behavior of spark plasma‐sintered SiC–TaC composites
Authors: Sharma Sandan Kumar , Chaudhary Kapil , Gupta Yashpal , Kalin Mitjan , Kumar B. Venkata Manoj 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpark plasma sintering of SiC‐10, 20, or 30 wt% TaC composites was performed at 1800°C. Microstructures of sintered composites revealed uniform dispersion of TaC particles in SiC matrix. With the increase in TaC content, hardness decreased from 25.75 to 23.30 GPa and fracture toughness increased from 3.48 to 3.85 MPa m1/2. Erosion testing was performed to evaluate the potential of sintered composites at room temperature and 400°C by a stream of SiC particles impinging at different angles (30°, 60°, or 90°). The erosion rate varied from 25 to 166 mm3/kg, with change in TaC content, impingement angle, or temperature. The erosion rate increased as the angle of impingement and temperature increased, but reduced when the TaC concentration increased. Worn surfaces revealed that the material was dominantly removed via fracture of SiC grains and TaC particles pull‐out. SiC‐30 wt% TaC composites exhibited superior erosive wear resistance at low impingement angle and room temperature.
Untangling the tolerance of socioeconomic inequality: Comparing Japan, the United States, South Korea, and the People's Republic of China
Authors: Kitsnik Joanna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe last three decades have witnessed major institutional and structural transformations across both economically developed and developing countries. While many individuals and groups have benefited from these changes, they have simultaneously resulted in growing disparities between the haves and have‐nots. The growing socioeconomic inequalities, however, have not been met with significant resistance and it has been even observed that people have become more tolerant of inequalities. This article explores the motivations behind tolerating socioeconomic inequality, and investigates how the tolerance of socioeconomic inequality has changed over the past 25 years, while also comparing it across very distinctive political and socioeconomic regimes. This study overcomes a gap in research by employing longitudinal, cross‐sectional survey data to analyze temporal change in attitudes towards inequality. Fixed effects models are applied on five waves of World Values Survey data (1994–2020) on four distinctly different post‐industrial countries: Japan, the People's Republic of China, South Korea, and the United States. The paper argues that, on an individual level, there is a tendency to accept inequality normalizing narratives and defend one's own self‐interest, derived from one's structural position. This accounts for a considerable part of the variation in tolerance for socioeconomic inequality across these nations. The article concludes that trends in tolerating socioeconomic inequality have over time become more similar across these four countries with distinctly different political–economic regimes.
Experiences and perceptions of Turkish intensive care nurses providing care to Covid‐19 patients: A qualitative study
Authors: Sezgin Duygu , Dost Ayşe , Esin Melek N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo describe the experiences of intensive care nurses who provided care to Covid‐19 patients and their perceptions towards the disease and their work conditions during the pandemic.IntroductionIdentification of experiences and perceptions of intensive care nurses towards disease, care and their workplace conditions when providing care to Covid‐19 patients will inform decision‐makers about improvements that can be implemented.BackgroundThe Covid‐19 pandemic has led to increased strain and workplace‐related health risks to intensive care nurses, but it has also provided a unique experience and opportunities for learning and development.MethodsA descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 10 intensive care unit nurses working in seven hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. Snowball sampling method was used, and the data were collected by semistructured online interviews. A thematic analysis was performed. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research were followed.FindingsFive major themes were identified: ‘death and fear of death’, ‘impact on family and social lives’, ‘nursing care of Covid‐19 patients’, ‘changing perceptions of their own profession: empowerment and dissatisfaction’, and ‘experiences and perceptions of personal protective equipment and other control measures’.DiscussionIntensive care nurses experience an increased risk of infection and psychological burden, and they lack a sense of professional satisfaction. Improvements to working conditions are needed to support nurses caring for patients during the pandemic.ConclusionThe pandemic increased the workload and responsibilities of intensive care nurses and led to increases in their work‐related health risks and challenges with care. However, it also increased nurses’ awareness about the importance of their professional roles.Implications for nursing practice and policiesThere is a need to improve working conditions and develop nursing standards for the care of Covid‐19 patients in intensive care units.
The use of an integrative approach to identify coelomocytes in three species of the genus Holothuria (Echinodermata)
Authors: Queiroz Vinicius , Mauro Manuela , Arizza Vincenzo , Custódio Márcio R. , Vazzana Mirella 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCoelomocytes in the Holothuroidea are traditionally identified according to their morphology through light, fluorescence, or electron microscopy. Former studies have typically used only one method, with few works combining two or more approaches. Studies using cytocentrifugation to study these cells are scarcer. Thus, for the first time, an integrative approach was used to compare coelomocytes in Holothuroidea. This approach consisted of living and stained cells, scanning electron microscopy (for spherule cells), and accurate morphometric analyses. Specifically, we used specimens of Holothuria grisea, Holothuria arenicola, and Holothuria tubulosa to test whether cytocentrifugation could be valuable in comparative studies with coelomocytes, whether an integrative approach could help to understand spherule cell diversity, and whether closely related species, even those having distinct geographic distributions and ecological requirements, would have a similar population of coelomocytes. Our results showed seven distinct cell types in these species, including phagocytes, fusiform cells, morula cells, acidophilic spherulocytes, spherulocytes, progenitor cells, and crystal cells. Total and differential cell counts, along with morphometric parameters, were similar among species. Morphometric analyses of spherule cells revealed consistent differences among the diameter of their cytoplasmic spherules, as well as a set of different morphotypes in acidophilic spherulocytes and spherulocytes. Cytospin preparations proved to be quite useful because they provided constant morphological and morphometric data, allowing accurate identification of the cell types and comparisons among species. Moreover, this study highlighted (1) that the spherule diameter is a good parameter to separate spherule cells and (2) a putative maturation process to acidophilic spherulocytes and spherulocytes. Lastly, we showed that the cells of these species are very similar, regardless of their geographic distribution and ecology. Thus, our work contributes to a better understanding of the coelomocytes in Holothuria, a genus with a wide geographic distribution. The present study may be useful to establish these species as important model organisms, as well as bring insights into the functions of coelomocytes.
Cheating to win or not to lose: Power and situational framing affect unethical behavior
Authors: Kim Kyoo Hwa , Guinote Ana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPower has long been associated with corruption, yet most evidence has been linked to abuses for gains (money, resources, sex). In this article, we propose a conceptual framework that considers unethical conduct to obtain gains and to avoid losses. Following the situated focus theory of power (Guinote, 2007), we propose that power flexibly orients individuals’ cognitions and efforts in line with active goals. Under a gains frame, compared to the powerless, the powerful should be more motivated to obtain gains and cheat more, in order to protect these gains. Under a loss frame, the powerful should experience a temporary activation of loss aversion goals, while the powerless should experience a chronic activation of loss aversion goals. Consequently, power differences in corruption levels should only occur for gains and not when losses are at stake. The effects of power and frame were demonstrated in one study (N = 321). The findings provided initial evidence supporting the notion that an understanding of the effects of power on corruption necessitates a consideration of contextual framing.
Does stock market liberalization improve stock price efficiency? Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Yunsen , Huang Jianqiao , Li Xiao , Yuan Qingbo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, we examine whether liberalization of the stock market improves stock price efficiency using China's market liberalization pilot program as a shock. We find that investible firms exhibit a significant increase in price efficiency, as proxied by stock price non‐synchronicity, after stock market liberalization. The results are robust to a series of tests and remain unchanged after we address the issue of endogeneity. We identify two channels through which price efficiency can be improved: better disclosure by firms and the incorporation of more information into stock prices through the trading activities of foreign investors. We also find that investment becomes more sensitive to prices, further indicating that stock prices have become more efficient. Finally, we find that stock price informativeness also increases.
Gingival mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes are immunosuppressive in preventing collagen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Tian Xiaohong , Wei Wumei , Cao Yue , Ao Tianrang , Huang Feng , Javed Rabia , Wang Xiaohong , Fan Jun , Zhang Yanhui , Liu Yanying , Lai Laijun , Ao Qiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDue to the unsatisfied effects of clinical drugs used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), investigators shifted their focus on the biotherapy. Although human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC) have the potential to be used in treating RA, GMSC‐based therapy has some inevitable side effects such as immunogenicity and tumorigenicity. As one of the most important paracrine mediators, GMSC‐derived exosomes (GMSC‐Exo) exhibit therapeutic effects via immunomodulation in a variety of disease models, bypassing potential shortcomings of the direct use of MSCs. Furthermore, exosomes are not sensitive to freezing and thawing, and can be readily available for use. GMSC‐Exo has been reported to promote tissue regeneration and wound healing, but have not been reported to be effective against autoimmune diseases. We herein compare the immunomodulatory functions of GMSC‐Exo and GMSC in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) model and in vitro CD4+ T‐cell co‐culture model. The results show that GMSC‐Exo has the same or stronger effects compared with GMSC in inhibiting IL‐17A and promoting IL‐10, reducing incidences and bone erosion of arthritis, via inhibiting IL‐17RA‐Act1‐TRAF6‐NF‐κB signal pathway. Our results suggest that GMSC‐Exo has many advantages in treating CIA, and may offer a promising new cell‐free therapy strategy for RA and other autoimmune diseases.
Sparstolonin B suppresses free fatty acid palmitate‐induced chondrocyte inflammation and mitigates post‐traumatic arthritis in obese mice
Authors: Ma Haiwei , Xie Chenglong , He Gaolu , Chen Zhengtai , Lu Hongwei , Wu Hongqiang , Cai Hancheng , Dai Zihan , Li Baolong , Xu Cong , Xue Enxing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAbnormal lipid metabolism, such as systemic increased free fatty acid, results in overproduction of pro‐inflammatory enzymes and cytokines, which is crucial in the development of obesity‐related osteoarthritis (OA). However, there are only a few drugs that target the lipotoxicity of OA. Recent researches have documented that the traditional Chinese medicine, Sparstolonin B (Ssn B), exerted anti‐inflammatory effects in various diseases, but not yet in OA. On the basis of this evidence, our works purposed to evaluate the effect of Ssn B on free fatty acid (FFA) palmitate (PA)‐stimulated human osteoarthritic chondrocytes and obesity‐associated mouse OA model. We found that Ssn B suppressed PA‐triggered inflammatory response and extracellular matrix catabolism in a concentration‐dependent approach. In vivo, Ssn B treatment inhibited cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone calcification caused by joint mechanical imbalance and alleviated metabolic inflammation in obesity. Mechanistically, co‐immunoprecipitine and molecular docking analysis showed that the formation of toll­like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation protein‐2 (MD‐2) complex caused by PA was blocked by Ssn B. Subsequently, it leads to inactivation of PA‐caused myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)‐dependent nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) cascade. Together, these findings demonstrated that Ssn B is a potential treatment agent for joint degenerative diseases in obese individuals.
ITGB3BP is a potential biomarker associated with poor prognosis of glioma
Authors: Liu Zhendong , Liu Binfeng , Bian Lu , Wang Hongbo , Jia Yulong , Wang Yubo , Zhang Wang , Wang Yanbiao , Han Zhibin , Cheng Xingbo , Lian Xiaoyu , Ren Zhishuai , Gao Yanzheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite the growing recognition of ITGB3BP as an essential feature of various cancers, the relationship between ITGB3BP and glioma remains unclear. The main aim of this study was to determine the prognostic and diagnostic value of ITGB3BP in glioma. RNA‐Seq and microarray data from 2222 glioma patients were included, and we found that the expression level of ITGB3BP in glioma tissues was significantly higher than that in normal brain tissues. Moreover, ITGB3BP can be considered an independent risk factor for poor prognosis and has great predictive value for the prognosis of glioma. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis results showed that ITGB3BP contributes to the poor prognosis of glioma by activating tumour‐related signalling pathways. Some small‐molecule drugs were identified, such as hexestrol, which may specifically inhibit ITGB3BP and be useful in the treatment of glioma. The TIMER database analysis results revealed a correlation between the expression of ITGB3BP and the infiltration of various immune cells in glioma. Our findings provide the first evidence that the up‐regulation of ITGB3BP correlates with poor prognosis in human glioma. Thus, ITGB3BP is a potential new biomarker that can be used for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of glioma.
Roles of mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Wen Chao , Xie Liping , Hu Chenxia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInterstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is characterized by several symptoms of higher sensitivity of the lower urinary tract, such as bladder pain/discomfort, urgency, urinary frequency, pelvic pain and nocturia. Although the pathophysiology of IC/BPS is not fully understood, the hypothesis suggests that mast cell activation, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer defects, urothelium permeability disruption, inflammation, autoimmune disorder and infection are potential mechanisms. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proven to protect against tissue injury in IC/BPS by migrating into bladders, differentiating into key bladder cells, inhibiting mast cell accumulation and cellular apoptosis, inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, alleviating collagen fibre accumulation and enhancing tissue regeneration in bladder tissues. In addition, MSCs can protect against tissue injury in IC/BPS by secreting various soluble factors, including exosomes and other soluble factors, with antiapoptotic, anti‐inflammatory, angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties in a cell‐to‐cell independent manner. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the current potential pathophysiological mechanisms and standard treatments of IC/BPS, and we discussed the potential mechanisms and therapeutic effects of MSCs and MSC‐derived exosomes in alleviating tissue injury in IC/BPS models.
Thymoquinone ameliorates pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy by activating the AMPK signalling pathway
Authors: Chen Heng , Zhuo Chengui , Zu Aohan , Yuan Shuai , Zhang Han , Zhao Jianqiang , Zheng Liangrong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProlonged pathological myocardial hypertrophy leads to end‐stage heart failure. Thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive component extracted from Nigella sativa seeds, is extensively used in ethnomedicine to treat a broad spectrum of disorders. However, it remains unclear whether TQ protects the heart from pathological hypertrophy. This study was conducted to examine the potential utility of TQ for treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and if so, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Male C57BL/6J mice underwent either transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation, followed by TQ treatment for six consecutive weeks. In vitro experiments consisted of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) that were exposed to phenylephrine (PE) stimulation to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In this study, we observed that systemic administration of TQ preserved cardiac contractile function, and alleviated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and oxidative stress in TAC‐challenged mice. The in vitro experiments showed that TQ treatment attenuated the PE‐induced hypertrophic response in NRCMs. Mechanistical experiments showed that supplementation of TQ induced reactivation of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) with concomitant inhibition of ERK 1/2, p38 and JNK1/2 MAPK cascades. Furthermore, we demonstrated that compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, abolished the protective effects of TQ in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Altogether, our study disclosed that TQ provides protection against myocardial hypertrophy in an AMPK‐dependent manner and identified it as a promising agent for the treatment of myocardial hypertrophy.
The role of Cold‐Inducible RNA‐binding protein in respiratory diseases
Authors: Zhong Peng , Zhou Miao , Zhang Jingjing , Peng Jianye , Zeng Gaofeng , Huang He 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein (CIRP) is a stress‐response protein that is expressed in various types of cells and acts as an RNA chaperone, modifying the stability of its targeted mRNA. Intracellular CIRP could also be released into extracellular space and once released, extracellular CIRP (eCIRP) acts as a damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP) to induce and amplify inflammation. Recent studies have found that eCIRP could promote acute lung injury (ALI) via activation of macrophages, neutrophils, pneumocytes and lung vascular endothelial cells in context of sepsis, haemorrhagic shock, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and severe acute pancreatitis. In addition, CIRP is also highly expressed in the bronchial epithelial cells and its expression is upregulated in the bronchial epithelial cells of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and rat models with chronic bronchitis. CIRP is a key contributing factor in the cold‐induced exacerbation of COPD by promoting the expression of inflammatory genes and hypersecretion of airway mucus in the bronchial epithelial cells. Besides, CIRP is also involved in regulating pulmonary fibrosis, as eCIRP could directly activate and induce an inflammatory phenotype in pulmonary fibroblast. This review summarizes the findings of CIRP investigation in respiratory diseases and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
A randomized controlled trial evaluating hyaluronic acid gel as wound healing agent in alveolar ridge preservation
Authors: Eeckhout Celien , Ackerman Julie , Glibert Maarten , Cosyn Jan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo compare the results of administration of hyaluronic acid (HA) gel to no gel administration following alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) in terms of changes in wound dimensions over time.Materials and MethodsSystemically healthy patients scheduled for ARP at one or two sites in the incisor, cuspid, or premolar area with at least one neighbouring tooth and >50% buccal bone present following extraction were included. ARP consisted of socket grafting with collagen‐enriched, deproteinized bovine bone mineral and socket sealing by means of a collagen matrix. Following surgical therapy, sites were randomly allocated to the control group (no gel application) or the test group (0.8% HA gel applied onto the collagen matrix three times per day for 7 days). Bucco‐lingual and mesio‐distal wound dimensions were registered at T0 (immediately post operation), T1 (1 week), and T2 (3 weeks). Patient‐reported outcomes, clinical outcomes, and hard and soft tissue changes were recorded up to 4 months (T3).ResultsIn the control group, 20 patients (7 males, 13 females; mean age 53.30) with 23 sites, and in the test group 18 patients (9 males, 9 females; mean age 52.56) with 23 sites, were included. There were no significant differences between the groups in the changes in wound dimensions from T0 to T2 (bucco‐lingual aspect:p = .340; mesio‐distal aspect:p = .883). Three sites (13%) in the control group and six (26%) in the test group demonstrated complete wound resolution at T2 (p = .259). HA failed to show any effect on the number of analgesics taken (p = .175), patient‐reported outcomes (p ≥ .263), alveolitis (p = .136), socket healing (p ≥ .424), soft tissue changes (p ≥ .064), or mucosal scarring (p = .548). However, significantly more horizontal bone loss at the coronal aspect was found in the test group (p ≤ .025).ConclusionHA failed to promote wound resolution on a collagen matrix.This study was registered inClinicalTrials.gov(NCT04467736).