bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phototropin Interactions with SUMO Proteins
Authors: Łabuz Justyna , Sztatelman Olga , Jagiełło-Flasińska Dominika , Hermanowicz Paweł , Bażant Aneta , Banaś Agnieszka Katarzyna , Bartnicki Filip , Giza Aleksandra , Kozłowska Anna , Lasok Hanna , Sitkiewicz Ewa , Krzeszowiec Weronika , Gabryś Halina , Strzałka Wojciech 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The disruption of the sumoylation pathway affects processes controlled by the two phototropins (phots) of Arabidopsis thaliana, phot1 and phot2. Phots, plant UVA/blue light photoreceptors, regulate growth responses and fast movements aimed at optimizing photosynthesis, such as phototropism, chloroplast relocations and stomatal opening. Sumoylation is a posttranslational modification, consisting of the addition of a SUMO (SMALL UBIQUITIN-RELATED MODIFIER) protein to a lysine residue in the target protein. In addition to affecting the stability of proteins, it regulates their activity, interactions and subcellular localization. We examined physiological responses controlled by phots, phototropism and chloroplast movements, in sumoylation pathway mutants. Chloroplast accumulation in response to both continuous and pulse light was enhanced in the E3 ligase siz1 mutant, in a manner dependent on phot2. A significant decrease in phot2 protein abundance was observed in this mutant after blue light treatment both in seedlings and mature leaves. Using plant transient expression and yeast two-hybrid assays, we found that phots interacted with SUMO proteins mainly through their N-terminal parts, which contain the photosensory LOV domains. The covalent modification in phots by SUMO was verified using an Arabidopsis sumoylation system reconstituted in bacteria followed by the mass spectrometry analysis. Lys 297 was identified as the main target of SUMO3 in the phot2 molecule. Finally, sumoylation of phot2 was detected in Arabidopsis mature leaves upon light or heat stress treatment.
Gastrointestinal bleeding among hospitalizations for salicylate poisoning in the United States
Authors: Thongprayoon C , Lapumnuaypol K , Kaewput W , Petnak T , Qureshi F , Mao M A , Boonpheng B , Bathini T , Choudhury A , Vallabhajosyula S , Cheungpasitporn W 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY

Background
This study aimed to determine the incidence, as well as evaluate risk factors, and impact of gastrointestinal bleeding on outcomes and resource use in patients admitted for salicylate poisoning.

Methods
We used the National Inpatient Sample to construct a cohort of patients hospitalized primarily for salicylate poisoning from 2003 to 2014. We compared clinical characteristics, in-hospital treatments, outcomes and resource use between salicylate poisoning patients with and without gastrointestinal bleeding.

Results
Of 13 805 hospital admissions for salicylate poisoning, gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 482 (3.5%) admissions. The risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding included older age, history of atrial fibrillation and cirrhosis. After adjusting for difference in baseline characteristics, patients with gastrointestinal bleeding required more gastric lavage, gastrointestinal endoscopy, invasive mechanical ventilation and red blood cell transfusion. Gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly associated with increased risk of anemia, circulatory, liver and hematological failure but was not significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality. The length of hospital stay and hospitalization cost was significantly higher in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.

Conclusion
Gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in about 4% of patients admitted for salicylate poisoning. Gastrointestinal bleeding was associated with higher morbidity and resource use but not mortality.
Byron and His Twentieth-Century Poetic Legacy: Yeats, Auden, Berryman
Authors: Callaghan Madeleine 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Throughout the twentieth century, Byron offers expressive opportunities for new generations of poets. However, critics have rarely chosen to explore the contours and content of this influence. This article understands Byron’s influence not as subconscious but as deliberately fashioned by his inheritors, where W. B. Yeats, W. H. Auden, and John Berryman choose the way in which Byron functions as a model in their poetry. Byron is neither forbidding ancestor nor kindly father. What Byron offers to his twentieth-century descendants would not be a shared manner or a collective talent for a well-placed echo or allusion to their precursor. Byron offers a multi-faceted example that his followers would explore and exploit. Focusing upon W. B. Yeats, W. H. Auden, and John Berryman, this article will explore how Byronic Romanticism becomes central to these twentieth-century poets. Byron’s cosmopolitanism offered each of his inheritors a version of an Anglophone poet far removed from the parochial model. Byron becomes an alternative version of Harold Bloom’s ‘exemplary Modern Poet’ especially adapted for twentieth-century purposes.
Septic Arthritis of Facet Joint in Children
Authors: Cabet Sara , Perge Kevin , Ouziel Antoine , Lacalm Audrey , Vandergugten Simon , Guibaud Laurent , Ferry Tristan , Gillet Yves , Ploin Dominique 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Due to the low resolution of historical imaging technologies, descriptions of Septic Arthritis of Facet Joint (SAFJ) in children are scarce, though severe cases are known. We first aimed to estimate the incidence rate of SAFJ in children; we further aimed to specify SAFJ clinical, imaging and laboratory findings, and identify avenues for appropriate management.

Methods:
A 10-year consecutive SAFJ case series using our imaging center database combined with a 50-year systematic review of literature cases.

Results:
The mean ± SD incidence of pediatric SAFJ was 0.23 ± 0.4/100,000 children-years. The key symptoms were potty refusal (in toddlers) or painful sitting (78%) and lateralized signs (paravertebral tenderness and/or swelling, 88%). SAFJ diagnosis and extension were obtained using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (94%), and found an epidural extension in 8/16 cases. The mean duration of antibiotic treatment was 5.1 weeks. The compliance with guidelines was 79% for empiric and 62% for targeted antibiotic therapies.

Conclusions:
SAFJ incidence in children is much greater than expected from the literature. Half of cases were complicated by an epidural infection. Simple clinical symptoms detected as early as the bedside allow a strong suspicion of SAFJ, justifying the use of a first-line MRI to confirm the diagnosis and precisely describe the extension. Focusing on simple clinical signs is key to justify the transfer of a child or the shortening of the delay to obtain an MRI. However, as MRI availability increases in most Western countries, and the capacity for diagnosis increases, the awareness of SAFJ must be spread to avoid missed cases.
Endophthalmitis after pediatric cataract surgery in the United States: report using an insurance claims database
Authors: Nguyen Angeline M. , Roberts Tawna L. , Ryu Won Yeol , Lambert Scott R. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
To describe the characteristics and incidence of children developing endophthalmitis within the first 90 days following pediatric cataract surgery.

Setting:
Deidentified commercial and Medicare Advantage health claims across the United States.

Design:
Population-based retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
In a retrospective review of approximately 58 million charts in Optum's deidentified Clinformatics Data Mart Database, patients aged <13 years who underwent cataract surgery in one or both eyes with or without primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation between 2003 and 2017 were identified. Excluded were patients with traumatic cataract, <90 days of continuous insurance coverage, a prior diagnosis of endophthalmitis, and a diagnosis of endophthalmitis occurring after 90 days of cataract surgery. The main outcome measure was the incidence of endophthalmitis occurring within the first 90 days of cataract surgery and the odds ratio for developing endophthalmitis according to demographic and intraoperative factors.

Results:
Cataract surgery was performed on 789 eyes (52.6% male), with a median age of 4 (interquartile range 1-8) years. The rate of IOL implantation at the time of cataract surgery was 66.8%. Endophthalmitis was diagnosed in 4 of 789 eyes (0.51%). The median time to diagnosis of endophthalmitis was 6.5 days (range: 5-44 days). There was no significant association between endophthalmitis and age, sex, or primary IOL implantation.

Conclusions:
In this large insurance claims database, the incidence of endophthalmitis following pediatric cataract surgery reported was more than the rate previously reported by any study with patients of a similar age.
Population-Level Effectiveness of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among MSM and Transgender Persons With Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Pagkas-Bather Jade , Khosropour Christine M. , Golden Matthew R. , Thibault Christina , Dombrowski Julia C. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly efficacious, but its effectiveness may be limited by poor adherence or discontinuation. Our objective was to estimate the effectiveness of real-world PrEP use in a population at increased risk of HIV infection.

Setting:
King County, Washington.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using sexually transmitted infection (STI) partner services (PS) interview data collected January 2014–August 2018 in King County, Washington, USA. During PS interviews, men who have sex with men and transgender persons who have sex with men were asked if they were taking PrEP. We linked STI PS data to HIV surveillance data to estimate HIV incidence among self-reported PrEP users vs. nonusers using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and calendar year.

Results:
Among 4368 individuals, 1206 (28%) were taking PrEP at the time of the PS interview. The median observation time was 14 months (interquartile range 6–23 months). Five (0.4%) of 1206 PrEP users and 97 (3%) of 2162 PrEP nonusers were subsequently diagnosed with HIV (P < 0.001). HIV incidence was lower among PrEP users than nonusers [0.17 vs. 1.86 cases per 100 person-years, adjusted hazards ratio 0.21 (95% confidence interval: 0.08 to 0.58)]. Latinx ethnicity, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander ethnicity, gonorrhea, and syphilis were also independently associated with higher HIV risk.

Conclusions:
Self-reported PrEP use was associated with a 79% reduction in HIV incidence among men who have sex with men and transgender persons who have sex with men with STIs in King County.
The Interchondral Joints of Thorax in Microtia Surgery
Authors: Kim Ara , Moon Jeehyun , Lim So Young , Oh Kap Sung 
Published: February 2021

Background
The interchondral joint between the sixth and seventh costal cartilages, called synchondrosis, assists in harvesting and fabricating the microtia framework. However, its looseness often complicates the microtia surgery. We aimed to classify the interchondral joints based on looseness and identify predictors for each subtype.

Methods
Electronic chart and intraoperative photographs were reviewed for consecutive microtia patients who underwent costal cartilage graft for ear reconstruction from June 2001 to February 2020. The sixth and seventh costal interchondral joint was classified in the ascending order of looseness—direct cartilaginous fusion (class I), synovial joint (class II), and loose tissue (class III)—with a minor modification from the cadaveric study of Dr. Briscoe in 1925. χ2 Tests compared the incidence of each subtype in terms of patient variables including age, sex, chest laterality, and radiologic chest deformity. Multivariate logistic regression was used for identifying independent predictors for each subtype.

Results
Seven hundred thirty-three graft specimens were enrolled (mean age 12.1 years). Class I joint was seen in 137 (18.7%) grafts, class II in 544 (74.2%), and class III in 52 (7.1%). Female predilection was found for cartilaginous fusion (class I) (adjusted odds ratio, 1.691; P = 0.007). The incidence of loose joint (class III) was comparable, ranging from 4.6% to 12.5%, in terms of all the patient variables.

Conclusions
Loose interchondral joints were not uncommon in microtia surgery. Patient variables were less likely to predict this anatomical variation, necessitating some knowledge of managing the framework instability. Female patients were more likely to enable easy fabrication with directly fused costal cartilages.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among medical students in Copenhagen
Authors: Madsen Johannes R. , Nielsen Jacob P. S. , Fogh Kamille , Hansen Cecilie B. , Nielsen Pernille B. , Lange Theis , Hasselbalch Rasmus B. , Garred Peter , Iversen Kasper 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare workers are at a higher risk of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 than the general population. However, detailed knowledge about medical students and exposure to SARS-CoV-2 is lacking. Thus, we measured the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a cohort of Danish medical students.MethodsWe invited all medical students at the University of Copenhagen (UCPH) to participate. A venous blood sample was drawn along with completing a self-report questionnaire. Blood samples were analyzed for total antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and related to symptomatology, social behaviour, and work-life. Seropositive samples were screened for IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies.ResultsBetween October 19thand 26th1,120 students participated in questionnaire, of these 1,096 were included in the study. Of all included 379 (34.58%) of the participants were seropositive. The risk of seropositivity was significantly increased for participants attending two parties at UCPH, on February the 29th and March 6th2020 (OR 5.96 (95% CI 4.34-8.24, p<0.001). Further, 461 students (42.06%) worked with COVID-19 patients, which was significantly associated with risk of seropositivity (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.03-1.85, p=0.033). The symptom most substantially associated with seropositivity was loss of smell and/or taste (n=183 of all, 31.35%) with an OR of 24.48 (95% CI 15.49-40.60, p<0.001).ConclusionMedical students have the highest reported seropositivity in the Danish healthcare system. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission amongst the students appear to be partly related to working with COVID-19 infected patients, but to a greater extent, their social behaviour.MainpointsMedical students have the highest reported seropositivity in the Danish healthcare system. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission amongst the students appear to be partly related to working with COVID-19 infected patients, but to a greater extent, their social behaviour.
A Comparative Analysis of COVID-19 Physical Distancing Policies in Botswana, India, Jamaica, Mozambique, Namibia, Ukraine, and the United States
Authors: Lane Jeff , Means Arianna , Bardosh Kevin , Shapoval Anna , Vio Ferruccio , Anderson Clive , Cushnie Anya , Forster Norbert , Ledikwe Jenny , O’Malley Gabrielle , Mawandia Shreshth , Parvez Anwar , Perrone Lucy , Mudender Florindo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the differences in timing and composition of physical distancing policies is important to evaluate the early global response to COVID-19. A physical distancing intensity framework comprising 16 domains was recently published to compare physical distancing approaches between U.S. States. We applied this framework to a diverse set of low and middle-income countries (LMICs) (Botswana, India, Jamaica, Mozambique, Namibia, and Ukraine) to test the appropriateness of this framework in the global context and to compare the policy responses in this set of LMICs and with a sample of U.S. States during the first 100-days of the epidemic.ResultsAll six of the LMICs in our sample adopted wide ranging physical distancing policies. The highest peak daily physical distancing intensity in each country was: Botswana (4.60); India (4.40); Ukraine (4.40); Namibia (4.20); and Jamaica (3.80). The number of days each country stayed at peak intensity ranged from 12-days (Jamaica) to more than 67-days (Mozambique). We found some key similarities and differences, including substantial differences in whether and how countries expressly required certain groups to stay at home. We also found that the LMICs generally implemented physical distancing policies when there were few confirmed cases and the easing of physical distancing policies did not discernably correlate with change in COVID-19 incidence. The physical distancing responses in the LMIC sample were generally more intense than in a sample of U.S. States, but results vary depending on the U.S. State. For example, California had a peak intensity of 4.29, which would place California below the peak intensity for Botswana, India, and Ukraine but above Mozambique, Namibia and Jamaica. The U.S. State of Georgia had a peak intensity of 3.07, which would place it lower than all of the LMICs in this sample. The peak intensity for the U.S. 12-state average was 3.84, which would place it lower than every LMIC in this sample except Jamaica.ConclusionThis analysis helps to highlight the differing paths taken by the countries in this sample and may provide lessons to other countries regarding options for structuring physical distancing policies in response to COVID-19 and future outbreaks.
Association between genes regulating neural pathways for quantitative traits of speech and language disorders
Authors: Benchek Penelope , Igo Robert P , Voss-Hoynes Heather , Wren Yvonne , Miller Gabrielle , Truitt Barbara , Zhang Wen , Osterman Michael , Freebairn Lisa , Tag Jessica , Taylor H. Gerry , Chan E. Ricky , Roussos Panos , Lewis Barbara , Stein Catherine M. , Iyengar Sudha K. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTSpeech sound disorders (SSD) manifest as difficulties in phonological memory and awareness, oral motor function, language, vocabulary, reading and spelling. Families enriched for SSD are rare, and typically display a cluster of deficits. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 435 children from 148 families in the Cleveland Family Speech and Reading study (CFSRS), examining 16 variables representing 6 domains. Replication was conducted using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We identified 18 significant loci (combined p<10−8) that we pursued bioinformatically. We prioritized 5 novel gene regions with likely functional repercussions on neural pathways, some which colocalized with differentially methylated regions in our sample. Polygenic risk scores for receptive language, expressive vocabulary, phonological awareness, phonological memory, spelling, and reading decoding associated with increasing clinical severity. In summary, neural genetic influence on SSD is primarily multigenic and acts on genomic regulatory elements, similar to other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Identification of CRYAB+KCNN3+SOX9+astro-like and EGFR+PDGFRA+OLIG1+oligo-like tumoral cells in diffuse low-grade gliomas and implication of Notch1 signalling in their genesis
Authors: Augustus Meera , Pineau Donovan , Aimond Franck , Azar Safa , Lecca David , Leventoux Nicolas , Scamps Frédérique , Muxel Sophie , Darlix Amélie , Ritchie William , Gozé Catherine , Rigau Valérie , Duffau Hugues , Hugnot Jean-Philippe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIDH1-mutated gliomas are slow growing brain tumours, which progress into high-grade gliomas. They present intra-tumoural cell heterogeneity, but no good markers are available to distinguish the different cell subtypes. The molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of this cell diversity is also ill defined. Here we report that the SOX9 and OLIG1 transcription factors, which specifically label astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the normal brain, reveal the presence of two largely non-overlapping tumoural populations in IDH1-mutated oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas. Astro-like SOX9+cells additionally stain for APOE, CRYAB, ID4, KCNN3, while oligo-like OLIG1+cells stain for ASCL1, EGFR, IDH1, PDGFRA, PTPRZ1, SOX4, and SOX8. GPR17, an oligodendrocytic marker, was expressed by both cells. These two sub-populations appear to have distinct BMP, NOTCH1, and MAPK active pathways as stainings for BMP4, HEY1, HEY2, p-SMAD1/5 and p-ERK were higher in SOX9+cells. We used primary cultures and a new cell line to explore the influence of NOTCH1 activation and BMP treatment on low-grade glioma cell phenotype. This revealed that NOTCH1 globally reduced oligodendrocytic markers and IDH1 expression while upregulatingAPOE, CRYAB, HEY1/2and an electrophysiologically Ca2+-activated apamin-sensitive K+channel (KCNN3/SK3). This was accompanied by reduction in proliferation. Similar effects of NOTCH1 activation were observed in non-tumoural human oligodendrocytic cells, which additionally induced strong SOX9 expression. BMP treatment reduced OLIG1/2 expression and strongly upregulated CRYAB and NOGGIN, a negative regulator of BMP. The presence of astro-like SOX9+and oligo-like OLIG1+cells in diffuse low-grade gliomas raise new questions about their role in the pathology.
Scoping into Non Iron Deficiency Anemia: Reflection from the Rural India
Authors: Saha Somen , Puwar Tapasvi , Saxena Deepak , Shah Komal , Pandya Apurva kumar , Vadsariya Nikita , Desai Bharat , Suthariya Raj 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionAnaemia is one of the leading public health problems. India accounts for the highest prevalence of anaemia in the world. Anaemia programs in India focus on screening and management of anaemia based on haemoglobin estimation, treatment is being given irrespective of status of iron as well as other micronutrient storage. The present study assesses the prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency (ID) based on low serum ferritin status among antenatal and postnatal women in Devbhoomi Dwarka District of Gujarat.MethodsA total of 258 pregnant (AN) and postnatal (PN) women drawn from 27 primary health centres were studied. Anaemia was evaluated based on haemoglobin concentration obtained from venous whole blood, using auto-analyser. Serum ferritin was used to evaluate iron status in the study. Serum ferritin was assessed using the direct chemiluminescence method using MINI VIDAS which is a compact automated immunoassay system based on the Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) principles.ResultsOverall, Anaemia (low Hb) and ID (low s. ferritin) was observed in 65.9% and 27.1% respectively. Out of anaemic participants, about 38.2% reported ID while the remaining 61.8% had normal s. ferritin (i.e. non-iron deficient anaemia). Anaemia was reported 69.1% in AN women and 57.1% in PN women. The ID was reported higher (30.9%) in AN woman than PN women (17.1%). However, the prevalence of anaemia, as well as IDA decreased from the first to the third trimester.ConclusionTwo out of every three women were anaemic; one out of four were anaemic with depleted iron storage. Importantly, two out of five women had anaemia but iron storage was sufficient. Strategy to prevent and correct anaemia must include screening for iron and non-iron deficiency anaemia and follow appropriate treatment protocol for both types of anaemia.