bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RENAL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: Lilly John R. , Giles Geoffrey , Hurwitz Richard , Schroter Gerhard , Takagi Hiroshi , Gray Samuel , Penn Israel , Halgrimson Charles G. , Starzl Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

Fifty-seven patients were treated with renal homotransplantation from 1½ to 7⅔ years ago; 23 patients were 12 years or younger and the other 34 patients were 13 to 18. Family members (usually parents) were the primary donors in 45 cases. Unrelated volunteers or cadavers donated the other 12 homografts. Immunosuppression was with azathioprine and prednisone, and in some cases also with ALG. Forty-two of the 57 recipients survived for at least 1 year. Additional deaths occurred at 17½ and 19 months leaving 40 recipients (70.2%) alive. Six survivors had successful retransplantation following late failure of their original homografts. Control of rejection was not particularly different than in adult cases. "Homograft glomerulonephritis" was found in chronically tolerated transplants, but no more frequently than in older patients.
Many postoperative problems in the pediatric age group were the consequence of retardation of growth caused either by pre-existing uremia or by the need for high dose postoperative steroid therapy, orthopedic accidents such as femoral and vertebral fractures, and psychiatric complications which led to two suicides. In spite of these difficulties, the meaningful rehabilitation that was obtained in the chronic survivors makes us regard pediatric patients as favorable candidates for therapy with renal transplantation.
Familial Congenital Duodenal Atresia (Continued)
Authors: Mishalany Henry C. , Der Kaloustian Vazken M. , Ghandour Mustafa H. 
Published: December 2021

Since publication of the paper on familial congenital duodenal atresia,1 a baby boy (V 25 -see pedigree) was born in November 1970 to the parents of Case 2 reported therein.
The baby weighed 2,360 gm at birth and had a scaphoid abdomen. He became jaundiced during the first day of life (bilirubin 14.9 mg/100 ml total with 0.45 mg/100 ml direct) but did not require an exchange transfusion. He started vomiting nonbilious material from the first day of life.
Insomnia, Tachycardia, and Cola Drinks
Authors: Silver Walter 
Published: December 2021

Recently two clinical patterns came to my attention, seemingly unrelated, but in fact having a similar etiology; the first "tachycardia" and the second "insomnia." They appeared in otherwise healthy preadolescents and were related to intake of cola drinks. Both complaints disappeared when this beverage was withdrawn.
I believe it is important to remember that 12 ounces of a cola drink may contain as much as 55 mg of caffeine, which is approximately one half the caffeine content of an average cup of coffee or therapeutic dose.1
Growing Pains: Concerning the Taking of Rectal Temperatures
Authors: Sarshik Milton 
Published: December 2021

The publication Growing Pains is a jointly sponsored book of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Medical Association. One needs to assume that the instructions therein are fostered and approved by both of these bodies.
I have objection to the portion of the book which nicely orients the mother to what is expected at her office visits-pages 222 on. Under measurements at each visit up until 5 years of age, it is stated that the child's temperature is taken.
FALLS AS CHILDHOOD ACCIDENTS: AN INCREASING URBAN RISK
Authors: Sieben R. L. , Leavitt J. D. , French J. H. 
Published: December 2021

Falls from heights accounted for 20% of accidental deaths of children in New York City during 1966, and 67% of the children were under 5 years of age.
A retrospective study of falls involving more than 10 feet during 1966 to 1968 at a single Bronx hospital affiliation disclosed that 55 children were hospitalized from this cause. Five of these hospitalized patients died, and two were found to have significant residua. This retrospective study of hospitalized patients indicates that falls from heights were a health hazard mainly for preschool males during the warmer summer months in the high rise slums of the south Bronx. Preschool children fell exclusively from windows and fire escapes, with little regard for height. Older children fell from dangerous play areas of lesser height. The need for routine installation of effective window guards is obvious.
PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
Authors: Fudenberg H. , Good R. A. , Goodman H. C. , Hitzig W. , Kunkel H. G. , Roitt I. M. , Rosen F. S. , Rowe D. S. , Seligmann M. , Soothill J. R. 
Published: December 2021

1. Two registries are to be established in association with WHO, with the object of gathering and recording information on cases of immunodeficiency from all over the world. One registry will comprise cases of primary immunodeficiency that have received transplants of any immunologically competent organ, cell, or cell product, e.g., bone marrow, thymus, or transfer factor. It will be organized by W. Hitzig and M. Seligmann. The other will comprise cases of malignant tumour found in patients with primary immunodeficiency; it will be organized by R. A. Good, who will also arrange for pathological material to be submitted for study by selected pathologists.
The organizers will collate and periodically report on the material in both registries.
2. Standardization of diagnostic procedures and additional studies related to diagnostic tests are required.
a. There is a need for standard preparations of antigens for assessing antibody formation as described. A sufficiently large batch of such antigens should be prepared, and aliquots should be sent, on request, for use by clinicians investigating immunodeficiency.
b. Methods for measuring serum antibodies need to be standardized, and in vitro tests for the measurement of cell-mediated immunity, such as tests for cytotoxicity and macrophage migration inhibition factors, need to be further developed.
3. Therapeutic procedures should be standardized and assessed.
a. Aggregates in immunoglobulin preparations for intramuscular or intravenous injection should be looked for with tests such as those recommended.
b. National agencies responsible for immunoglobulin production should develop stable aggregate-free intact IgG, without fragments and with relatively normal in vivo survival, for the treatment of patients with immunodeficiency.
c. It would be of value to determine the relative effectiveness of therapy with immunoglobulin and with plasma. Clinical trials might be designed for this purpose.
d. Immunoglobulin preparations having high contents of specific antibodies would, if available, be valuable for treatment of patients with specific infections.
e. Further research is required to develop new methods of destroying the biological activity of lymphocytes in whole blood.
f. Pools of immunoglobulin, prepared as Cohn FII from donors with absence of One genetic allotype, may be valuable for the treatment of patients with immunodeficiency who have anti-allotype antibodies.
Richard's Day
Authors: Schaeffer Robert H. 
Published: December 2021

I recently saw a child who had developed acute generalized hives in the middle of the night, and, at my request, his mother typed up a list of all the known "things" that had crossed his lips during the preceding day. His mother works and, therefore, makes use of many convenience foods. I thought it might be interesting for your readers to note what the modern American boy eats these days:
The only thing different that Richard has never had before was two ready baked pie shells.
PULMONARY CAPILLARY FLOW IN THE NEWBORN INFANT: A NEW METHOD USING THE PLETHYSMOGRAPH AND NITROUS OXIDE
Authors: Brady June P. , Chir. B. , Rigatto Henrique 
Published: December 2021

Pulmonary capillary blood flow(Qpc) was measured in 24 term infants (5 hours to 14 days of age) using the infant plethysmograph and nitrous oxide (N2O). The method is a modification of the Lee and DuBois technique, the deep inspiration being replaced by a brief period of rebreathing 60% N2O and 40% O2 from a 100 ml bag. The rate of uptake of N2O is divided by the mean alveolar N2O concentration and the solubility in cord blood to give Qpc.
There was a significant increase in Qpc with increasing age from 173 ml/kg/min at 24 hours to 230 ml at 14 days (p &lt; 0.0l). As the method does not measure any shunted blood this change could represent decreasing fetal shunts, but as there was a significant increase in heart rate (125/min at 24 hours to 168/min at 14 days) this seems unlikely. It is suggested that this increase in Qpc follows the known increase in metabolic rate in the newly born infant.
In two anesthetized dogs tile mean difference between Qpc measured with this method and pulmonary arterial flow measured directly from a chronically implanted electromagnetic flowmeter was -2.6% S.E.±3.6%.
DURATION OF NEOMYCIN THERAPY FOR ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI DIARRHEAL DISEASE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF 113 CASES
Authors: Nelson John D. 
Published: December 2021

The usually recommended 7- to 10- day course of antibiotic therapy for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli diarrheal disease might be undesirable because neomycin can cause a malabsorption syndrome. One hundred thirteen infants with E. coli arrheal disease were randomly assigned to long-term therapy of 10 days or to short-term therapy. For short-term therapy neomycin was discontinued when daily fluorescent antibody and culture tests were negative; therapy averaged 3 days with a range of 2 to 4½ days for all but one patient. The pathogens were susceptible to neomycin in vitro.
The initial bacteriologic response was the same in both groups. Bacteriologic relapse without return of symptoms occurred in 14 of 57 in the longterm group and in 7 of 56 babies in the short-term group. Organisms isolated during relapse remained sensitive in vitro to neomycin. In the long-term group diarrhea lasted significanfly longer with a trend to delayed onset of steady weight gain and infectious complications were twice as common. There was no significant change in indirect hemagglutinin titer between acute and convalescent sera in 91% of specimens. Current recommendations for duration of therapy should be shortened to 3 to 5 days. This study and a literature review also raise doubts about the real value of antibiotics in this disease.
Herpangina and Pleurodynia Associated with Herpes simplex Virus
Authors: Marks Melvin I. 
Published: December 2021

Herpangina and pleurodynia are usually associated with Coxsackie A and Coxsackie B virus infections respectively.l,2 Although echoviruses and other etiological agents have also been described with these syndromes, Herpes simplex virus has not.3,4 The present case is unique in two respects; herpangina and pleurodynia occurred simultaneously in the same patient and both appear to be associated with a primary Herpes simplex virus infection.
Report of a Case
A 15-year-old Caucasian male complained of sore throat with dysphagia 5 days prior to admission to hospital and 3 days later developed increased dvsphagia, malaise, anorexia, and a temperature of 103°F. The following day he complained of distressing retrosternal and left anterior pleuritic chest pain accompanied by nausea.
Improved Method of Lumbar Puncture in the Newborn and Small Infant
Authors: Rothman Fredric B. , Byers Randolph K. 
Published: December 2021

Successful lumbar puncture in the newborn or small infant is a matter of luck rather than skill. Practice does not make perfect in the execution of this diagnostically major procedure. Thus, the "traumatic" tap is a frequent acute disappointment for even experienced physicians.
For years I'd accepted the vagaries of chance while seeking crucial data about cerebrospinal fluid. Then one night about 5 years ago the frustrating scenario suggested above was again reenacted. The nursery supply of "spinal needles" was exhausted.
VACCINE-ASSOCIATED POLIOMYELITIS IN A CHILD WITH THYMIC ABNORMALITY
Authors: Riker Jeffrey B. , Brandt Carl D. , Chandra Roma , Arrobio Julita O. , Nakano James H. 
Published: December 2021

An 8-month-old girld develoepd paralytic poliomyelitis. Twenty-nine days prior to the onset of paralysis she had been in contact with a sibling recently immunized with trivalent oral polio vaccine.
The patient died because of intercurrent respiratory infection. "Vaccine-like" Type 3 poliovirus was isolated from the throat, stool, and postmortem brain and spinal cord spciemens. Histologic examination revealed depltion of all lymphoid tissues. Serum immunoglobulin levels were adequate. We believe this child presents a variant of the syndrome of hereditary thymic dysplasia.
Excerpt XVIII: Boys Fighting
Authors: Cone Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

Children in the early 1800's were offered religious, moral, and intellectual instruction all in the same lesson, as advocated by Dweight.1 Parents, teachers, and ministers firmly believed that they, not Plato, had been the first to imagine, "of all the animals, the boy is the most unmanageable." To some, thrashings were the answer; to Horace Mann, educaton. He wrote "... through the schools we shall teach mankind to moderate their passions and develop their vir tues."2
(With this excerpt, this series comes to an end.)
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Blanton John W. 
Published: December 2021

I read the article on vital statistics by Myron E. Wegman in the December 1971 issue of Pediatrics with feelings of gratitude and deep disappointment in Dr. Wegman and Pediatrics.
I was grateful for the reemphasis of the growing discrepancy in rates of infant mortality between whites and nonwhites and the implied unequal distribution of available services of American medicine. Disappointment followed by anger were aroused by Dr. Wegman's reference to "the innate constitutional vigor of black youth," documentation for which he provides by the daily sports pages.
EARLY DETECTION OF PULMONARY FUNCTION ABNORMALITIES IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: Lamarre Andre , Reilly Bernard J. , Bryan A. Charles , Levison Henry 
Published: December 2021

We studied gas exchange in 19 children with cystic fibrosis in whom measurement of lung volumes, flow rates and airway conductance, diffusing capacity and mixing efficiency were normal.
A significant decrease in arterial oxygen tension was found together with a significant increase in alveolar-arterial difference for oxygen and physiologic dead space/tidal volume ratio. These findings are consistent with evidence that early in cystic fibrosis the site of obstruction is in the small airways. It is also suggested from these data that blood gas abnormalities occur before other parameters of lung function become abnormal.
Tick Toxicosis
Authors: DeBusk Franklin L. , O'Connor Susan 
Published: December 2021

In this article we report a case of tick toxicosis. It is hoped that this will serve to remind physicians to consider the possibility of tick toxicosis when confronted with a patient with acute ascending flaccid paralysis or acute ataxia. Tick paralysis, although widely known in many rural areas, is frequently not considered in the differential diagnosis of acute ascending flaccid paralysis; it is even less likely to be considered the basis for an acute ataxia.
Case Report
A 4-year-old Caucasian male was referred to the Emergency Room in May because of rapidly progressive ataxia and nystagmus of 24 hours duration.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Bland Richard D. 
Published: December 2021

Possibly no commercial product has achieved such widespread endorsement from the medical profession based on so little meaningful data at considerable cost to the public as soybean infant formulas. This is not to condemn their use, but only to put this type of therapy in its proper perspective, for certainly I too have resorted to this device in the face of frustrating recurrent infection or diarrhea of infants and children.
In response to Dr. Phillips' suggestion, I concur that a trial of milk elimination may be a prudent step in the management of infants with resistant or recurrent bouts of otitis media, prior to placement of P.E. tubes or adenoidectomy.
Complications of Smallpox Vaccination, 1968 Surveillance in a Comprehensive Care Clinic
Authors: Neff John M. , Drachman Robert H. 
Published: December 2021

The records of all children who received smallpox vaccination in a large comprehensive care clinic were reviewed for complications. There were 944 vaccinations performed during 1968. Of these, 539 were primary vaccinations, 32 on children in the age group less than 1, and 517 on children in the age group 1 to 4.
There were nine complications observed, all in children in the age group 1 to 4. Five of these complications were generalized erythematous urticarial eruptions, three were auto-inoculations, and one was a secondary bacterial infection at the site of vaccination.
The Pathophysiology and Treatment of Drowning and Near-Drowning, by Jerome H. Modell, M.D. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas, 1971, 119 pp., $9.50
Authors: Giammona Samuel T. 
Published: December 2021

This is a timely, concise book concerning drowning and near-drowning in which the latest scientific information as well as discussion of previous and current concepts concerning these problems are presented lucidly. Dr. Modell has had extensive clinical experience in Florida handling the drowning and near-drowning victim. He devotes the major part of his presentation to an explanation, based on his laboratory investigations and review of other works, of the pathophysiology in drowning and near-drowning.
Especially pertinent is the chapter on serum electrolyte changes, in which the differences between fresh water and sea water near-drowning reveal that correction of electrolyte disturbances is of secondary rather than primary importance in the treatment of most human victims in near-drowning as the changes attributed to the composition and the tonicity of the fluid aspirated are not as important as previously stressed.
Excerpt IV: Dog and the Ox
Authors: Cone Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

A CENTURY AND A HALF ago most of our school children were made to memorize large portions of the Bible. One of the favorite quotations to teach children was Proverbs 27:4:
Wrath is cruel and anger is outrageous but who is able to stand before envy?
The fable illustrated below from a widely-used child's reader further reinforced the Biblical admonition about envy.1
Congenital Vaccinia: Some Doubts
Authors: Koplan Jeffrey P. , Goldstein Joel , Foster Stanley O. 
Published: December 2021

The conclusions reached in the case report of congenital vaccinia by Harley and Gillespie are open to question. Eighteen cases of congenital vaccinia have been desiribed, none with congenital malformations. Two infants survived; both mothers were vaccinated at about 32 weeks' gestation. In studies involving a total of 7,886 vaccinated pregnant women and 8,158 unvaccinated pregnant women, there was no evidence of an increased incidence of congenital malformations in the vaccinated subjects.
There is a lack of objective evidence that the congenital abnormalities described in this patient were related to his mother's smallpox vaccination.
ANAPHYLAXIS
Authors: Yaffe Sumner J. , Bierman Charles W. , Cann Howard M. , Gold Arnold P. , Kenny Frederic M. , Riley Harris D. , Schafer Irwin , Stern Leo , Weiss Charles F. , Chudzik Gregory , Shirkey Harry C. , Soyka Lester F. 
Published: December 2021

Anaphylaxis* is an acute reaction, which may range from mild self-limited symptoms to a grave medical emergency. It is caused by a variety of agents, usually occurs unexpectedly, frequently is iatrogenic, and can be fatal if not treated promptly and appropriately. Every physician's and dentist's office, pediatric outpatient clinic, hospital emergency room, allergy clinic or allergy testing laboratory, and radiology department should be equipped to treat this potential disaster.1
The Committee on Drugs of the American Academy of Pediatrics has reviewed the equipment and procedures necessary to treat this emergency, and offers this guide to physicians.
CLINICAL PICTURE
Anaphylaxis is usually characterized by the following sequence of signs and symptoms: generalized flush, urticaria, paroxysmal coughing, severe anxiety, dyspnea, wheezing, orthopnea, vomiting, cyanosis, and shock. The sooner symptoms develop after the initiating stimulus the more intense the reaction. Symptoms beginning within 15 minutes after administration of the inciting agent require the most expedient management.
The primary cause of death in the child is laryngeal edema. In the adult, cardiac arrhythmais may be superimposed on acute upper airway edema.2
MAJOR CAUSES OF ANAPHYLAXIS
Table I lists the most common agents associated with anaphylaxis in children. The severity and acuteness of onset will depend upon both the type of agent and the route of administration. Generally, agents administered parenterally are more apt to result in severe life-threatening or fatal anaphylactic reactions than those ingested orally or administered topically to mucus membranes. Medications administered orally, such as aspirin or penicillin, however, have been associated with fatal reactions so that the oral route cannot be utilized with impunity.
HEREDITARY PANCREATITIS: THREE NEW KINDREDS AND A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Kattwinkel John , Lapey Allen , di Sant'Agnese Paul A. , Edwards William A. , Hufty Mary P. 
Published: December 2021

Hereditary pancreatitis (HP) is a recently described autosomal dominant disorder of unkown etiology. Symptoms usually begin in childhood, but generally are diagnosed only when pancreatic insufficiency and calcifications appear in the young adult age group. Clinical manifestations include recurrent acute attacks of excruciatingly severe abdominal pain with intercurrent symptomfree periods. In addition to the positive family history there are definite differences in sex incidence, age of onset, occurrence of etiologic factors (e.g., alcoholism, gallstones), and pancreatic pathology between HP and chronic relapsing pancreatitis of adults. In the course of the disease various complications (e.g., glucose intolerance, pseudocysts, etc.) may occur in HP, but less commonly than in classical adult pancreatitis.
Three new kindreds with 30 definite and 51 suspected cases of HP, representing more than one-third of all previously reported cases, are presented with detailed investigations of pancreatic and parathyroid function, serum lipids, pathologic specimens, and urinary amino acids. These studies clearly separate HP from diseases otherwise associated with pancreatitis. With these three and the 18 previously reported kindreds, it is evident that HP is not a rare disease and is the most common cause of recurrent pancreatitis in childhood. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of recurrent abdominal pain and pancreatic calcifications in the pediatric age group.