bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aufbau anorganischer Kronenether durch s‐Block‐Metall‐templatgesteuerte Si‐O‐Bindungsaktivierung
Authors: Dankert Fabian , Richter Roman‐Malte , Weigend Florian , Xie Xiulan , Balmer Markus , von Hänisch Carsten 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWir berichten über die Synthese, Strukturen, Koordinationseigenschaften und den Reaktionsmechanismus der Bildung von Siliciumanalogen der Kronenether. Durch Reaktion von 2D2 (I; 2Dn=(Me4Si2O)n) mit GaI3 und MIx (M=Li, Na, Mg, Ca, Sr) kann eine Oligomerisierung dieser Spezies beobachtet werden. In diesen Reaktionen dienen die Metallkationen als Template, und die Anionen (I−/[GaI4]−) sind erforderlich als nukleophile Reaktionspartner. Im Falle von MIx=LiI wird der Komplex [Li(2D3)GaI4] (1) erhalten. Im Falle von MIx=NaI, MgI2, CaI2 und SrI2, entstehen Komplexe der allgemeinen Formel [M(2D4)(GaI4)x] (M=Mg2+ (3), Ca2+ (4), Sr2+ (5)). Des Weiteren wurde die protonierte Verbindung [H(2D3)][Ga2I7] (6) isoliert und charakterisiert. Alle Komplexe wurden mittels Multikern‐NMR‐Spektroskopie, DOSY‐Experimenten und (außer für 3) per Einkristallstrukturanalyse charakterisiert. Quantenchemische Rechnungen wurden durchgeführt, um die Koordinationsfähigkeiten dieser Liganden näher zu beleuchten und den Mechanismus der Oligomerisierungsreaktionen zu untersuchen.
Magnetic‐Field‐Induced Modulation of Charge‐Recombination Dynamics in a Rosarin‐Fullerene Complex
Authors: Kim Taeyeon , Kim Juno , Ke Xian‐Sheng , Brewster James T. , Oh Juwon , Sessler Jonathan L. , Kim Dongho 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCharge‐recombination processes are critical for photovoltaic applications and should be suppressed for efficient charge transport. Here, we report that an applied magnetic field (0–1 T) can be used control the charge‐recombination dynamics in an expanded rosarin‐C60 complex. In the low magnetic field regime (<100 mT), the charge‐recombination rate slows down due to hyperfine coupling, as inferred from transient absorption spectroscopic analyses. In contrast, in the high field regime, i.e., over 500 mT, the charge‐recombination rate recovers and increases because the Δg mechanism facilitates spin conversion to a triplet charge‐separated state (S to T0) that undergoes rapid charge‐recombination to a localized rosarin triplet state. Therefore, we highlight the charge‐recombination rate and the localized triplet state population can be modulated by the magnetic field in charge donor/acceptor non‐covalent complexes.
The shadow of the Balbina dam: A synthesis of over 35 years of downstream impacts on floodplain forests in Central Amazonia
Authors: Schöngart Jochen , Wittmann Florian , Faria de Resende Angélica , Assahira Cyro , de Sousa Lobo Guilherme , Rocha Duarte Neves Juliana , da Rocha Maíra , Biem Mori Gisele , Costa Quaresma Adriano , Oreste Demarchi Layon , Weiss Albuquerque Bianca , Oliveira Feitosa Yuri , da Silva Costa Gilvan , Vieira Feitoza Gildo , Machado Durgante Flávia , Lopes Aline , Trumbore Susan E. , Sanna Freire Silva Thiago , ter Steege Hans , Val Adalberto Luis , Junk Wolfgang J. , Piedade Maria Teresa Fernandez 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

The Balbina hydropower dam in the Central Amazon basin, established in the Uatumã River in the 1980s, is emblematic for its socio‐environmental disaster. Its environmental impacts go far beyond the reservoir and dam, however, affecting the floodplain forests (igapó) in the downstream area (dam shadow), which have been assessed using a transdisciplinary research approach, synthesized in this review.
Floodplain tree species are adapted to a regular and predictable flood pulse, with high‐ and low‐water periods occurring during the year. This was severely affected by the operation of the Balbina dam, which caused the suppression of both the aquatic phase at higher floodplain elevations and the terrestrial phase at lower floodplain elevations (termed the ‘sandwich effect’).
During the period of construction and reservoir fill, large‐scale mortality already occurred in the floodplains of the dam shadow as a result of reduced stream flow, in synergy with severe drought conditions induced by El Niño events, causing hydraulic failure and making floodplains vulnerable to wildfires.
During the operational period of the dam, permanent flooding conditions at low topographical elevations resulted in massive tree mortality. So far, 12% of the igapó forests have died along a downstream river stretch of more than 125 km. As a result of flood suppression at the highest elevations, an encroachment of secondary tree species from upland (terra firme) forests occurred.
More than 35 years after the implementation of the Balbina dam, the downstream impacts caused massive losses of macrohabitats, ecosystem services, and diversity of flood‐adapted tree species, probably cascading down to the entire food web, which must be considered in conservation management.
These findings are discussed critically, emphasizing the urgent need for the Brazilian environmental regulatory agencies to incorporate downstream impacts in the environmental assessments of several dam projects planned for the Amazon region.
A sensitive and high‐throughput quantitative liquid chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry method for therapeutic drug monitoring of 10 β‐lactam antibiotics, linezolid and two β‐lactamase inhibitors in human plasma
Authors: Van Vooren Sarah , Verstraete Alain G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn ultra‐high pressure liquid chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometric (UHPLC–HRMS) method was developed for the simultaneous and sensitive quantification of 10 β‐lactam antibiotics (cefepime, meropenem, amoxicillin, cefazolin, benzylpenicillin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, flucloxacillin, cefuroxime and aztreonam), linezolid and β‐lactamase inhibitors tazobactam and clavulanic acid in human plasma. Validation according to the EMA guidelines showed excellent within‐ and between‐run accuracy and precision (i.e. between 1.1 and 8.5%) and high sensitivity (i.e. lower limit of quantification between 0.25 and 1 mg/L). The UHPLC–HRMS method enables a short turnaround time and high sensitivity and needs only a small amount of plasma, allowing appropriate routine therapeutic drug monitoring. The short turnaround time is obtained by speeding up the protocol on multiple levels, i.e. fast and workload‐efficient sample preparation (i.e. protein precipitation and dilution), short (4 min) instrument run time, simultaneous measurement of all relevant β‐lactam antibiotics used in the intensive care unit and the use of the same instrument, column and mobile phases as for the other routine methods in our laboratory.
Coronary angiography‐derived contrast fractional flow reserve
Authors: Gong Yanjun , Zheng Bo , Yi Tieci , Yang Fan , Hong Tao , Liu Zhaoping , Huo Yunlong , Li Jianping , Huo Yong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBased on coronary angiography and mean aortic pressure, a specially designed computational flow dynamics (CFD) method is proposed to determine contrast fractional flow reserve (cFFR) without using invasive pressure wire. This substudy assessed diagnostic performance of coronary angiography‐derived cFFR in catheterization laboratory, based on a previous multicenter trial for online assessment of coronary angiography‐derived FFR (caFFR).METHODSPatients with diagnosis of stable angina pectoris or unstable angina pectoris were enrolled in six centers. Wire‐based FFR was measured in coronary arteries with 30–90% diameter stenosis. Offline angiography‐derived cFFR was computed in blinded fashion against the wire‐based FFR and caFFR at an independent core laboratory.RESULTSA total of 330 patients were enrolled to fulfill inclusion/exclusion criteria from June 26 to December 18, 2018. Offline angiography‐derived cFFR and wire‐based FFR results were compared in 328 interrogated vessels. The statistical analysis showed the highest diagnostic accuracy of 89.0 and 86.6% for angiography‐derived cFFR with a cutoff value of 0.94 and 0.93 against the wire‐based FFR with a cutoff value of 0.80 and 0.75, respectively. The corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 92.2 and 87.3% for the cutoff value of 0.94 and 80.0 and 88.4% for the cutoff value of 0.93, which are similar to those against the caFFR. The receiver‐operating curve has area under the curve of 0.951 and 0.972 for the wire‐based FFR with the cutoff value of 0.80 and 0.75, respectively.CONCLUSIONSCoronary angiography‐derived cFFR showed higher accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity against wired‐based FFR and caFFR. Hence, angiography‐derived cFFR could enhance the hemodynamic assessment of coronary lesions.
Olefin Ring‐closing Metathesis under Spatial Confinement and Continuous Flow
Authors: Ziegler Felix , Roider Thomas , Pyschik Markus , Haas Christian P. , Wang Dongren , Tallarek Ulrich , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report on the use of a 2nd‐generation Hoveyda–Grubbs‐type catalyst immobilized inside mesoporous silica for the application in selective macro(mono)cyclization (MMC) of an α,ω‐diene under spatially confined and continuous‐flow conditions. Reactions carried out with different flow rates allow for variations in residence time; conversion and MMC selectivity can be determined for well‐defined reaction times. Analysis of the reaction mixtures obtained for different reaction times and temperatures in a single flow experiment by NMR and MALDI‐TOF‐MS allows to address confinement effects and to determine olefin metathesis pathways. These investigations revealed that ring‐chain equilibria are quickly established but substantially affected by residence time and flow, allowing for the determination of conditions under which MMC selectivity reaches a maximum. In contrast to reactions carried out in solution, in which oligomers up to the hexamer were observed, MMC under confinement predominantly proceeds via ring‐closing metathesis of the monomer and backbiting from the dimer and trimer, but not from higher oligomers as their formation is suppressed. This leads to the observed high MMC selectivity, reaching 60 % at a 25 mM substrate concentration.
Construction of Dual‐tight Contact Interface in Z‐scheme System of In2O3/OV/In2S3 for Enhancing Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Wang Linlin , Zhang Lulu , Zhang Hongwen , Li Na , Zhu Shuao , Li Wenjuan , Ran Weiguang , Jing Zhihong , Yan Tingjiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe novel Z‐scheme photocatalytic system of In2O3/OV/In2S3 has been obtained by a facile two‐step in situ deposition method, where oxygen vacancies and In2S3 are in situ located on the surface of In2O3 in sequence. In such a photocatalytic system, oxygen vacancy anchored tightly on the surface of In2O3 serves as an electron mediator, efficiently extracting electrons from In2O3 and modulating the electron transfer paths to facilize constructing a Z‐scheme system. Due to the presence of another tight contact interface between the In2O3 and In2S3, the transfer rate of electrons from In2O3 to In2S3 can be further accelerated. Therefore, the synergistic effect of the above‐mentioned dual‐tight contact interface over In2O3/OV/In2S3 Z‐scheme system simultaneously enhances the charge separation and transfer, resulting in the high performance of photocatalytic H2 evolution.
Towards Size‐Controlled Deposition of Palladium Nanoparticles from Polyoxometalate Precursors: An Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study
Authors: Bock Nicolas , De Clercq Astrid , Seidl Lukas , Kratky Tim , Ma Tian , Günther Sebastian , Kortz Ulrich , Heiz Ueli , Esch Friedrich 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present a novel in situ electrochemical approach to deposit small size‐controlled palladium(0) clusters from 12‐PdII‐oxo‐metalate precursors. These clusters are formed through the reductive surface polarization of a Au(111) support. Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC‐STM) reveals that the electrochemical reduction occurs at much lower potentials than that for simple Pd salt solutions. The resulting particles are one atomic layer high and show a narrow size distribution. Precursor mass transport limitations and preconditioning of the solid‐liquid interface at low potentials influence the obtained morphology. In particular, a concomitant reduction mechanism via formation of molecular hydrogen is discussed. The deposited clusters show the typical behavior of small metallic Pd islands in EC‐STM: The apparent cluster height increases reversibly when lowering the potential close to the onset of hydrogen evolution, which is attributed to hydrogen adsorption.
The characteristics and efficacy of catheter ablation of focal atrial tachycardia arising from an epicardial site
Authors: Yamamoto Teppei , Iwasaki Yu‐ki , Fujimoto Yuhi , Oka Eiichiro , Hayashi Hiroshi , Murata Hiroshige , Yodogawa Kenji , Hayashi Meiso , Igawa Osamu , Shimizu Wataru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough epicardial structures around the atrium such as adipose tissue possess arrhythmogenicity, little is known about atrial tachycardias (ATs) originating from epicardial sites (Epi‐ATs). This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence, characteristics, and outcome after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of Epi‐ATs and to reveal the association between Epi‐ATs and the epicardial structures.MethodsThe electrocardiographic, electrophysiologic, and anatomical properties and results of RFCA were analyzed in 42 patients with a total of 49 ectopic ATs.ResultsSix Epi‐ATs (12%) were observed in six patients (14%). Four of six were respiratory cycle‐dependent ATs and one was a swallowing‐induced AT. The Epi‐AT origins were adjacent to a pulmonary vein (five cases) and vein of Marshall (one case). A Valsalva maneuver or atropine infusion to define the arrhythmia mechanism affected the appearance of the Epi‐ATs. The congruity rate between epicardial adipose tissue and the AT origin was significantly higher (100% vs. 44%, p = .045), and the epicardial adipose tissue volume of the atrium was significantly larger (104.1 vs. 64.6 ml, p = .04) in the Epi‐AT group. Endocardial RFCA targeting the AT foci resulted in acute success in five of five cases. However, electrical isolation including of the AT foci resulted in acute failures (two of three cases) or a recurrence (one of one case).ConclusionsSix Epi‐ATs were associated with thoracic veins and epicardial arrhythmogenic structures. The main cause provoking the Epi‐ATs was associated with autonomic nerve activity.
Synthesis and Assessment of Fused β‐Carboline Derivatives as Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonists
Authors: Yadav Veena D. , Kumar Lalan , Kumari Poonam , Kumar Sakesh , Singh Maninder , Siddiqi Mohammad I. , Yadav Prem N. , Batra Sanjay 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of 5‐formyl‐6‐aryl‐6H‐indolo[3,2,1‐de][1,5] naphthyridine‐2‐carboxylates by reaction between 1‐formyl‐9H‐β‐carbolines and cinnamaldehydes in the presence of pyrrolidine in water with microwave irradiation is described. Pharmacophoric modification of the formyl group offered several new fused β‐carboline derivatives, which were investigated for their κ‐opioid receptor (KOR) agonistic activity. Two compounds 4 a and 4 c produced appreciable agonist activity on KOR with EC50 values of 46±19 and 134±9 nM, respectively. Moreover, compound‐induced KOR signaling studies suggested both compounds to be extremely G‐protein‐biased agonists. The analgesic effect of 4 a was validated by the increase in tail flick latency in mice in a time‐dependent manner, which was completely blocked by the KOR‐selective antagonist norBNI. Moreover, unlike U50488, an unbiased full KOR agonist, 4 a did not induce sedation. The docking of 4 a with the human KOR was studied to rationalize the result.
A Comparative Review of Metal‐Based Charge Carriers in Nonaqueous Flow Batteries
Authors: Palmer Travis C. , Beamer Andrew , Pitt Tristan , Popov Ivan A. , Cammack Claudina X. , Pratt Harry D. , Anderson Travis M. , Batista Enrique R. , Yang Ping , Davis Benjamin L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the joint redox flow battery team from Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories. The cover image shows the stylized components of a redox flow battery (RFB) in the foreground, with renewable sources of energy generation in the background. The Review itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202002354.
High levels of soluble CD25 in COVID‐19 severity suggest a divergence between anti‐viral and pro‐inflammatory T‐cell responses
Authors: Xie Min , Yunis Joseph , Yao Yin , Shi Jing , Yang Yang , Zhou Pengcheng , Liang Kaili , Wan Yanmin , Mehdi Ahmed , Chen Zhian , Wang Naiqi , Xu Shuyun , Zhou Min , Yu Muqing , Wang Ke , Tao Yu , Zhou Ying , Li Xiaochen , Liu Xiansheng , Yu Xiao , Wei Yunbo , Liu Zheng , Sprent Jonathan , Yu Di 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to gain an understanding of the paradox of the immunity in COVID‐19 patients with T cells showing both functional defects and hyperactivation and enhanced proliferation.MethodsA total of 280 hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 were evaluated for cytokine profiles and clinical features including viral shedding. A mouse model of acute infection by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) was applied to dissect the relationship between immunological, virological and pathological features. The results from the mouse model were validated by published data set of single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) of immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of COVID‐19 patients.ResultsThe levels of soluble CD25 (sCD25), IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and TNF‐α were higher in severe COVID‐19 patients than non‐severe cases, but only sCD25 was identified as an independent risk factor for disease severity by multivariable binary logistic regression analysis and showed a positive association with the duration of viral shedding. In agreement with the clinical observation, LCMV‐infected mice with high levels of sCD25 demonstrated insufficient anti‐viral response and delayed viral clearance. The elevation of sCD25 in mice was mainly contributed by the expansion of CD25+CD8+ T cells that also expressed the highest level of PD‐1 with pro‐inflammatory potential. The counterpart human CD25+PD‐1+ T cells were expanded in BALF of COVID‐19 patients with severe disease compared to those with modest disease.ConclusionThese results suggest that high levels of sCD25 in COVID‐19 patients probably result from insufficient anti‐viral immunity and indicate an expansion of pro‐inflammatory T cells that contribute to disease severity.
Pulmonary wedge aspiration cytology for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy: A case report
Authors: Takada Nami , Nishida Haruto , Kondo Yoshihiko , Oyama Yuzo , Kusaba Takahiro , Kadowaki Hiroko , Hirakawa Koji , Iwao Satomi , Kiyooka Seiji , Daa Tsutomu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is a cancer‐related pulmonary complication characterized by rapid progression of dyspnea and pulmonary hypertension, occasionally causing sudden death. Given the condition of patients with dyspnea, lung biopsies are limited because of their invasiveness. A 72‐year‐old man presented with chronic atrial fibrillation and a high right heart load, as determined using ultrasonography. He had previously undergone resection of the left axillary skin secondary to extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD). Clinically, PTTM was suspected and pulmonary wedge aspiration cytology, collected from the pulmonary artery during catherization, was performed. Cytologically, the tumor demonstrated three‐dimensional cell clusters with good cohesion and molding by the blood vessel lumen. Additionally, endothelial‐like cells were observed at the periphery of the tumor clusters; fibrin was evident in the clusters. The tumor cells were large, round, and had high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios. The nuclei demonstrated a variety of sizes and were irregularly shaped, with prominent nucleoli; cells undergoing mitosis were evident. The tumor cells were suspected of being poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells, consistent with PTTM. Two days after the aspiration cytology, the patient died and a pathological autopsy was performed. Histologically, the PTTM was determined to have caused the pulmonary hypertension and the primary PTTM site was apparently derived from the EMPD. For rapid diagnoses, an understanding of the tumor's cytological features is important and should contribute to early treatment intervention. Aspiration cytology, using pulmonary artery blood samples, during catherization is a useful tool for diagnosing PTTM.
Child‐parent cardiac transference is decreased following disrupted/absent early care
Authors: Callaghan Bridget , Pini Nicolò , Silvers Jennifer A. , Van Tieghem Michelle , Choy Tricia , O’Sullivan Kaitlin , Fifer William P. , Tottenham Nim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractParental input shapes youth self‐regulation development, and a lack of sensitive caregiving is a risk factor for youth mental health problems. Parents may shape youth regulation through their influence over biological (including neural) and behavioral development during childhood at both micro (moment‐to‐moment) and macro (global) levels. Prior studies have shown that micro‐level parent‐child interactions shape youth's biology contributing to youth mental health. However, it remains unclear whether prior disrupted/absent care affects those moment‐to‐moment parent‐youth interactions in ways that increase risk for youth psychopathology. In the current study, we calculated transfer entropy on cardiac data from parent‐youth dyads where the youth had either been exposed to disrupted care prior to adoption or not. Transfer Entropy (TE) tracks information flow between two signals, enhancing quantification of directional coupling, allowing for the examination of parent‐child and child‐parent influences. Using this novel approach, we identified lower cardiac information transfer from youth‐to‐parents in dyads where the youth had been exposed to disrupted/absent early care. Moreover we showed that the degree to which the parent's physiology changed in response to youth's physiology was negatively related to the youth's mental health, representing a potential pathway for elevated mental health risk in populations exposed to disrupted/absent early care.
Heterochromatin protein 1 beta regulates neural and neural crest development by repressing pluripotency‐associated gene pou5f3.2/oct25 in Xenopus
Authors: Tien Chih‐Liang , Mohammadparast Saeid , Chang Chenbei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHeterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is associated with and plays a role in compact chromatin conformation, but the function of HP1 in vertebrate embryogenesis is not understood completely.ResultsHere, we explore the activity of HP1 in early neural development in the frog Xenopus laevis. We show that the three isoforms of HP1, HP1α, β, and γ, are expressed in similar patterns in the neural and neural crest derivatives in early embryos. Despite this, knockdown of HP1β and HP1γ, but not HP1α, in presumptive neural tissues leads to head defects. Late pan‐neural markers and neural crest specifier genes are reduced, but early neural and neural plate border genes are less affected in the morphant embryos. Further investigation reveals that neuronal differentiation is impaired and a pluripotency‐associated gene, pou5f3.2/oct25, is expanded in HP1β morphants. Ectopic expression of pou5f3.2/oct25 mimics the effect of HP1β knockdown on marker expression, whereas simultaneous knockdown of HP1β and pou5f3.2/oct25 partially rescues expression of these genes.ConclusionTaken together, the data suggest that HP1β regulates transition from precursor to more differentiated cell types during neural and neural crest development in Xenopus, and it does so at least partially via repression of the pluripotency‐associated transcription regulator pou5f3.2/oct25.