bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Eyelids: A Review of Patients Treated by Surgical Excision
Authors: Perlman Gilbert S , Hornblass Albert 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A study of 107 cases of basal cell carcinoma involving the eyelids in 106 patients all treated by surgical excision was undertaken. The lesions were found predominantly in Caucasians, showed no sex predilection (except for the fact that all five cases under age 40 occurred in females), and were most prevalent in the 7th decade of life. The most common presenting symptom was a mass or growth, while the duration of symptoms of any kind referable to the tumor was 20 months. The lower lid was the most common site of involvement, followed in order of frequency by the upper lid, medial canthus, and lateral canthus. Excised lesions that show marginal involvement histopathologically will not necessarily clinically recur, although this study did show that incomplete excision will more likely show a clinical recurrence in previously treated rather than primary lesions. If basal cell carcinomas of the eyelid are fully surgically excised as a first procedure, the patient will have about a 99% cure rate. Lesions requiring orbital exenteration are rare.
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Corneal Hydrops
Authors: Shaw Edward L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The new application of thermokeratoplasty as a treatment of both acute and chronic hydrops is presented as a possible alternative to present treatment regimens The histopathology of keratoconus and hydrops is reviewed relating to thermokeratoplasty effect Clinical success was achieved in the elimination of pain from advanced chronic hydrops. With the closure of the breaks in Descemefs membrane central corneal clearing occurred. In cases of total hydrops although complete resolution of the edema was not always found sufficient, clearing of the corneal periphery allowed for successful penetrating keratoplasty.
Vitrectomy in Sickling Retinopathy: Report of Five Cases
Authors: Goldbaum Michael H , Peyman Gholam A , Nagpal Krishan C , Goldberg Morton F , Asdourian George K 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The unique problems encountered in sickle patients include the need to remove peripheral vitreous if perfusing sea fans - which can bleed after vitrectomy - are present at the time of surgery. However, peripheral vitrectomy is riskier than central vitrectomy alone. If visualization of the sea fans is sufficient, it is safer to close the sea fans prior to vitrectomy in order to obviate the need for peripheral vitrectomy, then, only central vitrectomy is performed. When sea fans cannot be closed prior to vitrectomy, peripheral vitreous is removed to allow early photocoagulation of the sea fans before they bleed again. Four case presentations illustrate these principles. Vitrectomy relieved severe vitreous traction that complicated retinal detachment in the fifth patient, thereby eliminating the need for a tight encircling structure, which can be poorly tolerated in patients with SC hemoglobin.
Argon Laser Iridotomy: An Experimental and Clinical Study
Authors: Pollack Irvin P , Patz Arnall 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Iridotomies were made in rabbit and human eyes using a continuous wave argon laser. Several of these have been studied histologically to determine the short- and long-term effects on the iris, cornea, lens and retina.
Thirty-three eyes of patients with angle-closure glaucoma were treated by argon laser iridotomy and followed for periods of up to twelve months. In two eyes, planned cataract surgery was performed shortly after the laser iridotomy and histologic specimens of the iris were examined.
From the experimental and clinical studies, an evaluation was made of the complications and clinical usefulness of the continuous wave argon laser as a means to produce iridotomies for the treatment of angle-closure glaucoma. Further long-term controlled studies are recommended to document the role of laser iridotomy.
Surgical Repair of a Traumatized Shrunken Eye
Authors: Swartz Mano , Goldberg Morton F , Peyman Gholam 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 50-year-old Japanese man underwent removal of a traumatic cataract with an intralenticular foreign body. Surgery was complicated by an unplanned extracapsular delivery of the lens and vitreous loss. Two years later, with a visual acuity of hand motions and signs of phthisis bulbi, he had a vitrectomy that cleared the media to reveal a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The detachment was treated by cryopexy, scleral buckling, and intraocular gas injection. One year after this combined procedure, his best corrected visual acuity was 20/400 with clear media and attached retina.
Clinical and Ultrastructural Correlation in Congenital and Acquired Ptosis
Authors: Hornblass Albert , Adachi Masazumi , Wolintz Arthur , Smith Byron 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The levator superioris muscle has been studied with the light microscope and the electron microscope in congenital and acquired ptosis. Ultrastructural findings correlated closely with the clinical entities. Congenital ptosis appears to be on a myogenic basis. Acquired ptosis ultrastructural Iy indicates a regenerative process.
Intraocular Microsurgery: I. New Instrumentation (SITE)
Authors: Federman Jay L , Cook Kenneth , Bross Robert , Sarin Lov K , Tasman William S , Annesley William H , McDonald P Robb 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The SITE instrument appears to combine advantages of other instruments previously described. It meets the proposed objectives of an efficient cutter where tissue is removed at the front end of the tip. It allows the surgeon complete control of the suction and reflux systems. The instrument is of a simple modular design. A fiber optic attachment is available. It is dependable and safe.
A New Method to Achieve Complete Akinesia of the Facial Muscles of the Eyelids
Authors: Spaeth George L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Blocking the facial nerve by injecting anesthetic agent over the most posterior, most superior palpable aspect of the ramus of the mandible produces more reliably complete facial nerve akinesia than obtained by the standard techniques used to obtain facial akinesia. The position is posterior and inferior to the point chosen for the classical O'Brien block. This new technique is safe and no complications have been noted in over 10 years of use. It is highly recommended as a method of achieving total hemifacial akinesia for ophthalmic procedures.
Ultrasonography in Foreign Body Detection and Localization
Authors: Skalka Harold W 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The relative advantages and disadvantages of radiographic and ultrasonic studies in foreign body detection and localization are discussed. The value of ultrasonography in finding radiolucent orbital foreign bodies and its clear superiority in the localization of foreign bodies with respect to the walls of the eye is demonstrated by several examples.
The information concerning the state of the lens, vitreous, and retina in such traumatized eyes which is obtained by ultrasonography represents a very important additional benefit of such study.
Computerized Axial Tomography of the Orbit
Authors: Leone Charles R , Wilson Frank C 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Computerized Axial Tomography is a noninvasive radiologic technique that gives definition to orbital structures that aids the ophthalmologist in his diagnosis and treatment. This outpatient study is painless, takes approximately thirty minutes, but does demand a very still patient. The globe, horizontal extraocular muscles, and optic nerve are well delineated which allows detection of retrobulbar abnormalities. Eleven examples of the sixty patients studied are presented demonstrating its value as the most informative test now available in orbital diagnosis.
Fifty Consecutive Eyes with Anterior Segment Disease Treated by the Pars Plana Approach
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Huamonte Felipe , Nagpal Krishan , Sanders Donald R 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Results of a pars plana approach using the Peyman vitrophage to treat various anterior segment diseases are presented in 48 patients (50 eyes). These included cases of ocular trauma, congenital cataracts, complications following unplanned and planned extracapsular cataract extractions and phacoemulsification, and dense secondary membranes. Visual acuity improved in 86%, remained unchanged in 10% and worsened in 4% of all eyes.
Brass Intraocular Foreign Body: Early Intervention and Combined Surgical Approach
Authors: McLean Edward B , Chandler John W 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The rapid development of suppurative reaction in response to a copper-containing intraocular foreign body disposes the eye to a poor prognosis. An intraocular brass foreign body case involving cornea, iris, lens, vitreous and retina was satisfactorily managed by early foreign body removal and corneal transplantation followed by scleral buckling for retinal detachment Early intervention is advocated as alternative management with expectation of improvement in the prognosis for recovery of useful visual function.
Pitfalls in the Determination of Intraocular Lens Power Without Ultrasound
Authors: Binkhorst Richard D 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The rule is simple: An 18 diopter intraocular lens tends to restore the basic refraction. For each diopter of basic refraction to be corrected add or subtract 1.25 diopters. To determine the basic refraction a careful history and an examination of old glasses and past refraction records is necessary. When the basic refraction cannot be ascertained, capital errors may occur. Given the basic refraction, errors of several diopters are still apt to occur. Calculation of intraocular lens power based on K-readings and ultrasonic measurements is therefore always advisable and a must when there is doubt about the basic refraction.
The Use of Solid Soft Silicone Rubber Exoplants in Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: Aaberg Thomas M , Wiznia Robert A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A method of retinal detachment surgery utilizing soft solid silicone rubber exoplants is described along with its use in typical cases. Solid silicone rubber, long used as a scleral implant, is a well-tolerated exoplant scleral buckling material which has been found to provide excellent long-term results. Thé surgical procedure described is relatively short in duration and has a minimum of operative and postoperative complications.
Trabeculectomy with Cautery
Authors: Schimek Robert A , Williamson William A 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Trabeculectomy with cautery was performed on 31 eyes of 25 glaucoma patients uncontrolled on maximal medical therapy. The procedure was designed to combine the effectiveness of Scheie's thermal sclerostomy with the low incidence of complications associated with trabeculectomy. There was an 81 percent success rate overall and an 83 percent success rate in blacks. Average followup was 25 months. The average preoperative pressure was 29 mm Hg and the average postoperative pressure was 11 mm Hg. Immediate postoperative complications were minimal. The most serious long-term problem was the acceleration of lenticular changes. The procedure is technically simple with a majority of cases being performed by house staff at a relatively early stage of training. It is believed that trabeculectomy with cautery is indicated in blacks, in far-advanced glaucoma cases, and in patients in whom a conventional trabeculectomy has failed.
Detection of Orbital and Intraocular Foreign Bodies by Computerized Tomography
Authors: Kollarits Carol R , Di Chiro Giovanni , Christiansen John , Herdt Jean B , Whitmore Paul , Vermess Michael , Michels Ronald G 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Localization of intraocular and orbital foreign bodies with computerized tomography (CT) was evaluated in eight patiente and an experimental model. CT examination was particularly helpful in cases with multiple similar foreign bodies and in identifying foreign bodies too radiolucent to be seen by standard skull xrays. Limitations of CT technique included insufficient resolution to localize a foreign body immediately adjacent to the sclera as either intraocular or extraocular, and obscuration of a small foreign body by artifacts from an adjacent, larger foreign body.
Plugs and Stiletto: Entry Incisions for A 20-Gauge Instrument System
Authors: O'Malley Conor , Tripp R Maurice 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A specialized stiletto shaped knife (Stiletto) and self-retaining incision plugs (Sclera Plugs) have been made. They are very useful for creating and temporarily occluding entry incisions for 2f>gauge instruments suitable for closed eye intraocular surgery such as vitrectomy, lensectomy, removal of retina and vitreous membranes.
The choice of material, configuration and dimensions of these new devices enable one to create incisions in the pars plana which do not leak liquid, gas, or tissue at IOP up to 80 mm Hg , when occupied by20-gauge cylindrical instruments or Sclera Plugs.
The plugs free one or both of the surgeon's hands for use outside the eye for indirect ophthalmoscopy, external surgery, and reduce considerably the time and skill formerly required for proper incision management
Dacryocystectomy for Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac
Authors: Stokes D Parker , Flanagan Joseph C 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A high index of suspicion is very important in the early diagnosis and treatment of potentially lethal tumors of the lacrimal sac. The triad of a mass above the medial canthal tendon, chronic dacryocystitis which irrigates freely and bloody reflux on irrigation should alert the ophthalmologist of this potentially fatal situation. Complete surgical excision and postoperative irradiation are important in the treatment of malignant tumors.
Results of Primary and Secondary Implants Using Choyce Mark VIII Lenses
Authors: Tennant Jerald L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The author's experiences with the Choyce Mark VIII implant have been statistically reviewed. The results reveal no significant increase in complications over standard cataract extraction without implantation. Secondary implantation is compared with primary implantation. The results seem to support the author's position that secondary implantation with the Choyce lens carries a 3-5% incidence of complications which must be weighed against the patient's need for further rehabilitation. The importanc- of fixation in implantation has been reviewed from an historical standpoint to support the conclusion that the Choyce lens owes much of its superior results to its ideal fixation and lack of pseudophakodonesis.
Iridocapsular Lenses Versus Iris-Clip Lenses: Comparison of the Results and Complications of 100 of Each
Authors: Kern Rudolf 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The results and complications of implantation of 100 iridocapsular and 100 iris-clip lenses are evaluated. The follow-up period for the first group varied from one to 25 months (mean 12 months) and from one to 43 months (mean 27 months) for the second group. I performed all of the operations and most of the follow-up examinations. Of the patients with iridocapsular lenses, 86 percent and of those with iris-clip lenses, 87 percent obtained a visual acuity of 0.5 (6/12) or better. Binocular vision, positive depth perception, and a small degree of aniseikonia (3% or less) are evident optical benefits.
The complications most frequently necessitating a second operation were retained lens material (17%) and repositioning the pseudophakos (6%) in the iridocapsular group. The four-loop lenses caused fewer problems; in one case, posterior luxation necessitated its removal.
Experience With The Large Circular Loop Medallion Lens And A Critical Comparison With The Suture Medallion Lens: A Report of 300 Cases
Authors: Kraff Manus C , Lieberman Howard L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
An iris-supported intraocular lens must have stable fixation to minimize postoperative complications. A series of 46 large circular loop Medallion lenses were implanted after intracapsular cataract extraction and compared with a series of 254 suture Medallion lenses. An unexpectedly high incidence of lens dislocation and iris damage occurred with the large circular loop Medallion lens implants. Based on our results, we believe that the large circular loop Medallion lens should not be used for implantation after intracapsular cataract extraction at this time. The suture Medallion lens provides a standard to which other pseudophakai may be compared.
Corneal Thickness Measurements Following Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Praeger Donald L , Schneider Harold A 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Corneal thickness measurements were carried out on patients who had undergone combined phacoemulsification cataract extraction with simultaneous intraocular lens implantation in one eye at least six months prior to the date of measurement. The unoperated eye served as control. Another group of patients who had undergone simultaneous phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens implantation were followed over a two-month period of time, serial corneal thickness measurements being performed. The results indicate that, in surgery performed by experienced surgeons on carefully selected patients, phacoemulsification cataract extraction using the Kelman technique combined with intraocular lens implantation had no significant effect on corneal endothelial function as reflected in corneal thickness changes.
Restoration of Binocular Vision
Authors: Choyce D P 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Numerous studies have shown that Pseudophakic surgery is a better (because it is a more natural) method of restoring binocularity than contact lenses or aphakic spectacles provided that the potential for binocular vision was present before the onset of the cataracts). However, this restoration is achieved more easily in some groups of patients than others.
Unilateral: Excellent prognosis for binocularity is retained for many years -even 50-60 years - in adult unilateral traumatic cataract/aphakia. At the other extreme are patients born with one normal eye and the other containing a well-marked cataract. In unilateral traumatic cataractfaphakia in children the potential for restoration of binocularity is related to age - the older the child, the better the chances.
To achieve binocularity central vision must not fall below 20/70 in each eye.
Bilateral: There is not much to choose between pseudophakia and contact lenses; both are effective in restoring binocularity, and both are superior in this respect to cataract spectacles of keratophakia.1
Intraocular Lens Implantation Combined With Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Aquavella James V , Shaw Edward L , Rao Gullapalli N 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A restrospective analysis was conducted of 27 cases of penetrating keratoplasty associated with intraocular lens implantation. Although not statistically significant the results indicated an 80% success rate when penetrating keratoplasty, cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation were combined in a single operation. Secondary implantation of intraocular lenses in cases of previous keratoplasty were unsuccessful in all three cases.
Cystoid Macular Edema Following Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Harris William S , Taylor Bruce C , Winslow Richard L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
This presentation recounts the original description of CME and the more recent developments associated with intravenous fluorescein angiography in its study and diagnosis. The work of previous authors to show the incidence of CME and its possible prognosis are reviewed. Our findings in a retrospective study agree with the other authors and show that there is no particular increase in CME following intraocular lens implantation regardless of the type of surgical procedure used. It is established that vitreous loss does increase the incidence of CME. A prospective study with routine intravenous fluorescein at six weeks is presented and shows an incidence that is below that found by other authors when it was performed following routine intracapsular cataract extraction.
Results After Intracapsular Extraction: The Atonic Pupil
Authors: Percival S P B 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Satisfactory visual results are reported in a series of 80 consecutive patients who underwent intracapsular cataract extraction with a four- or three-loop Binkhorst lens replacement. Nearly 50% of patients could see 20/30 or better unaided. However, results in the under 70 age group tend to be marred by macular edema, and in the over 80 age group by corneal edema, the latter occasionally being the result of lens instability because of an atonic pupil.
Intraocular Lens Surgery on a Resident's Service
Authors: Reinhart W J , Annable W L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Twenty-three patients had intraocular lens surgery performed by eight separate ophthalmology residents over an eighteen month period of time. Adequate technical results were achieved in 19 of the 23 cases. Three patients had visual complications directly related to the intraocular lens surgery: two with bullous keratopathy and one with cystoid macular edema. By restricting surgical indications to older patients with good vision in the fellow eye and using general anesthesia in conjunction with the operating microscope, osmotic agents, intracapsular surgery, and close operative supervision, it is hoped that results will justify continued use of intraocular lenses on our resident's service.
Unilateral Congenital Cataracts and their Management
Authors: Ryan Stephen J , Maumenee A Edward 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Eight cases of unilateral congenital cataract were operated in the first two years of life. They were treated with contact lenses fitted within the first three weeks postoperatively and with patching of the good eye. None of these eyes achieved better than 3/100 vision. This dense amblyopia would seem based on the marked refractive difference. In addition to the ocular aspects, the psychological aspects of this evaluation would indicate that such surgery and postoperative management is probably not indicated for unilateral congenital cataracts.
In Vitro Evaluation of Intraocular Infusion Fluids: Effects on the Lens and Cornea
Authors: Sanders Donald R , Peyman Gholam A , McEnerney James K , Janevicius Raymond V 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Glutathione-bicarbonate-Ringer solution (GBR), GBR deficient in adenosine and glutathione, and a newly proposed glucose-phosphate-Ringer solution (GPR) have been found to maintain lens fu notion and corneal endothelial viability with approximately equal efficacy during prolonged periods of incubation. Currently used intraocular irrigating solutions do not perform as well in maintaining the function of borderline decompensated lenses and in sustaining endothelial viability.
A Tarsal Resection Procedure for Senile Entropion with Lid Retraction
Authors: Bodian Martin 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
1. A method of tarso-conjunctival resection for correction of spastic entropion associated with lid retraction has been presented which prevents a) the presence of suture knots against the cornea, b) localized trichiasis, and c) tissue reaction to absorbable sutures.
2. These advantages are achieved through the use of several figure-of-8 silk sutures which are tied on the skin surface.
3. By keeping the apex of the excised triangle of tarsus 2 mm below the lid margin trichiasis may be avoided.
4. Twelve operations have been followed for 1 to 6 years. The retraction and entropion were markedly improved in eleven lids. One under-correction resulted. There were no other complications.
Iris Tissue Reaction to Intraocular Materials: Feasibility for Intraocular Lens Fixation
Authors: Janevicius Ray , Peyman Gholam A 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
We evaluated six commercially available materials for possible use in intraocular lens fixation. Dacron, Teflon, Marlex, nylon, silk, and catgut samples were placed adjacent to rabbit iris tissue and judged for tissue ingrowth and adhesion. Dacron produced maximal adhesion with minimal postoperative inflammation.