bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early redox homeostasis disruption contributes to the differential cytotoxicity of imiquimod on transformed and normal endothelial cells
Authors: Rocco Rodrigo , Cambindo Botto Adrián E. , Muñoz Manuel J. , Reingruber Hernán , Wainstok Rosa , Cochón Adriana , Gazzaniga Silvina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe off‐label use of imiquimod (IQ) for hemangioma treatment has shown clinical benefits. We have previously reported a selective direct IQ‐cytotoxic effect on transformed (H5V) vs. normal (1G11) endothelial cells (EC). In the present study, we investigated the mechanism underlying this selective cytotoxicity in terms of TLR7/8 receptor expression, NF‐κB signalling and time‐dependent modifications of oxidative stress parameters (ROS: reactive oxygen species, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, GSH/GSSG and lipid peroxidation). TLR7/8 level was extremely low in both cell lines, and IQ did not upregulate TLR7/8 expression or activate NF‐κB signalling. IQ significantly induced ROS in H5V after 2 h and strongly affected antioxidant defenses. After 12 h, enzyme activities were restored to baseline levels but a robust drop in GSH/GSSG persisted together with increased lipid peroxidation levels and a marked mitochondrial dysfunction. Although in normal IQ‐treated EC some oxidative stress parameters were affected after 4 h, mitochondrial health and GSH/GSSG ratio remained notably unaffected after 12 h. Therefore, the early alterations (0–2 h) in transformed EC breached redox homeostasis as strongly as to enhance their susceptibility to IQ. This interesting facet of IQ as redox disruptor could broaden its therapeutic potential for other skin malignancies, alone or in adjuvant schemes.
Fatigue life calculation of notched specimens by modified Wöhler curve method and theory of critical distance under multiaxial random loading
Authors: Luo Zhengbo , Chen Huaihai , Wang Jie , Zheng Ronghui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReformulation of a critical plane‐based multiaxial fatigue criterion named as Modified Wöhler Curve Method (MWCM) in the frequency domain is proposed; moreover, it is combined with the theory of critical distance (TCD) to implement vibration fatigue lifetime prediction of notched specimens subjected to complex multiaxial random loading. Firstly, a frequency‐domain formulation of the maximum variance method (MVM) is proposed for determining the critical plane with high computational efficiency. Then, a reference fatigue curve is defined through the frequency‐domain formulation of the reference stress ratio corresponding to the critical plane. Finally, the power spectral density (PSD) function of the resolved shear stress along the maximum variance direction is applied with the Bendat/Tovo–Benasciutti (TB) method to implement fatigue damage estimation of mechanical components. Both the time‐domain formulation and the proposed frequency‐domain formulation of the MWCM combined with the TCD are applied to the experimental results from the literature, concerning notched specimens made of 2024‐T4 aluminum alloy tested under various nonproportional bending‐torsion random vibration fatigue loading.
Effectiveness of dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) control in new leys and established grassland following the application of herbicides
Authors: O Donovan Timothy , Casey Imelda A. , Humphreys James 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDocks are a widespread problem in intensively managed grassland, requiring repeated pesticide applications for control purposes. New European Union pesticide regulations aim to restrict pesticide use. This necessitates improved efficiency of pesticide use including the most effective time to apply them during the target weed's lifecycle. The experimental site (52°21 N, 7°18 W) was reseeded with perennial ryegrass in October 2009. A plot (5 m × 10 m) experiment was laid down in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and eight replicates. Four herbicides licensed for use in new leys (NLH) were each applied in April 2010. Four herbicides licensed for use in established grassland (EGH) were each applied 2 years later in April 2012. The ninth treatment was an untreated control. Dock numbers were measured over 5 years (2010–2014) and herbage production over 3 years (2012–2014). Across all treatments, dock numbers were relatively low until the fourth year during which there was more than a three‐fold increase due to clonal propagation. NLH gave more (p < .001) effective and enduring control than EGH. EGH varied in their effectiveness with (p < .001) recovery of individually marked docks that were ‘apparently dead’ following EGH application. In 2014 dock herbage dry‐matter (DM) production (t ha−1) was 3.41 in the control compared with 0.55 for NLH and 1.38 for EGH. Across all treatments in 2014 grass DM production declined with increasing dock herbage DM production (t ha−1): grass = 11.17 – 1.047 × dock (R2 = .73; p < .001). More eco‐efficient control of docks was achieved by herbicide application to new leys.
Experts' perception of support for people with dementia and their families during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kazawa Kana , Akishita Masahiro , Ikeda Manabu , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Ishii Shinya 
Published: November 2021

AimThis study aimed to explore the perceptions of dementia experts on support for people with dementia (PWD) and their families, considering PWD's vulnerability regarding COVID‐19 prevention.MethodsA collaborative qualitative study was conducted, involving Hiroshima University, the Japan Geriatrics Society, the Japan Society for Dementia Research, and the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society. An anonymous, self‐reported questionnaire survey was sent to dementia experts from 456 medical centers for dementia in Japan. The responses were categorized in a qualitative inductive manner.ResultsA total of 214 experts from 119 centers responded (facility recovery rate: 26.1%). Four core themes emerged from the data analysis. Of these themes, three were related to support for infection prevention and related issues and response to infection: (i) support for continuation of daily life while preventing infection; (ii) support to mitigate the unfavorable effects of infection prevention measures; and (iii) decision‐making support and treatment for infected PWD. The remaining theme, (iv) community building for PWD living together, was extracted as a basis for facilitating themes (i) to (iii). Furthermore, in each theme, the roles of medical and long‐term care facilities, administration, and the need for community collaboration were identified.ConclusionsDementia experts strongly felt the need not only for short‐term support to prevent the spread of infection to PWD and their families during the pandemic, but also for long‐term support to enable them to maintain their daily lives and mitigate the impact of infection prevention measures. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 26–31.
Proposal for new sleep disorder criteria in patients with chronic liver disease: Influence of liver‐related complications
Authors: Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Hiraoka Atsuhi , Haraguchi Masafumi , Uojima Haruki , Kawaratani Hideto , Hiramatsu Akira , Hanai Tatsunori , Hiasa Yoichi , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Okita Kiwamu , Nakao Kazuhiko , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimSleep disorder is common in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Liver‐related silent complications, including muscle cramps, covert hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and sarcopenia, often reduce the quality of life of patients with CLD and have been reported to cause sleep disorders. In this study, we clarified the prevalence of liver‐related complications associated with sleep disorders in patients with CLD.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter cohort study of 271 patients with CLD. The Athens Insomnia Scale, muscle cramps questionnaires, and Stroop test were used to assess insomnia, muscle cramps, and covert HE, respectively. In addition, sarcopenia, dynapenia, and myopenia were diagnosed according to the guidelines of the Japan Society of Hepatology.ResultsIn total, 136 patients (50.2%) had sleep disorders. Serum albumin and hemoglobin levels and prothrombin time activity were significantly lower in patients with sleep disorders than in those without sleep disorders. On univariate and multivariate analyses adjusted with inverse probability weighting, muscle cramps, covert HE, and dynapenia were associated with a sleep disorder. Sleep disorder was categorized as follows: cramp, covert HE, dynapenia, multiple complications, and others. In total, 106 of 136 patients (77.9%) with sleep disorder had at least one liver‐related complication, whereas 75 patients had multiple liver‐related complications.ConclusionSleep disorder in patients with CLD was classified into four categories (muscle cramp, covert HE, dynapenia, and others). Questionnaire for sleep disorder might be an easy primary step for surveillance of high‐risk patients with silent complications associated CLD.
Recruitment of academic staff: An institutional logics perspective
Authors: Henningsson Malin , Geschwind Lars 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently, a number of inbreeding cases have surfaced that have fuelled public criticism of recruitment practices and the lack of mobility in the Swedish higher education sector. This study focuses on recruitment practices at Swedish universities, particularly the divergence between what seems to be a practice of hiring internal candidates and a policy aiming at increasing mobility. The empirical material comprises 14 interviews with heads of departments at a selection of Swedish universities. Institutional logics are used as an analytical framework. It is found that academic recruitment is situated in a tangle of different practices and ideals comprising six logics: state, academic, managerial, market, community and family. Heads of departments show that recruitment practices are the result of several considerations where, for example, meritocracy, bureaucracy and loyalty do not always pull in the same direction.
Correlation between leukocyte‐platelet aggregates and thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Šefer Dijana , Miljić Predrag , Kraguljac‐Kurtović Nada , Bižić‐Radulović Sandra , Bogdanović Andrija , Knežević Vesna , Marković Dragana , Beleslin‐Čokić Bojana , Novaković Ivana , Marinković Jelena , Leković Danijela , Gotić Mirjana , Čokić Vladan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of activated blood and endothelial cells on the thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) has not yet been clarified. We prospectively analyzed correlation between circulating leukocyte‐platelet aggregates and soluble selectins to thrombosis occurrence in MPN, in the context of standard and cardiovascular risk factors, and different clinical and biological characteristics.MethodsFlow cytometric analysis of neutrophil‐platelet (Neu‐Plt) and monocyte‐platelet (Mo‐Plt) aggregates in peripheral blood, as well as quantification of soluble E‐/L‐/P‐selectins by enzyme immunoassay, was performed on 95 newly diagnosed MPN patients.ResultsDuring the follow‐up, thrombosis occurred in 12.6% MPN patients (arterial 9.4%, venous 3.2%), with a mean time of 39 months. The overall incidence rate of main thrombotic events was 4.36 per 100 patient‐years. The incidence of arterial hypertension (HTA) was significantly higher in patients with thrombosis, compared to those without thrombosis (P < .05). The level of soluble P‐selectin was significantly higher in patients with thrombosis compared to those without thrombosis (346.89 ng/mL vs 286.39 ng/mL, P = .034). The mean level of Neu‐Plt (26.7% vs 22.4%) and Mo‐Plt (17.8% vs 12.3%) aggregates did not differ significantly between the groups with and without thrombosis. A multivariate COX proportional hazard regression model confirmed an independent predictive significance of Mo‐Plt aggregates (HR = 1.561, 95% CI: 1.007‐2.420, P = .046), as well as the cumulative effect of Mo‐Plt aggregates and HTA (HR = 1.975, 95%CI: 1.215‐3.212, P = .006) for thrombosis occurrence.ConclusionMonocyte‐platelet aggregates represent an independent risk factor for thrombosis occurrence, further on supported by HTA.
Competing Visions of Mission and Unity among Japanese Protestants and Missionaries in Japan (1859–1912)
Authors: Hastings Thomas John 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAfter a brief clarification of terms, this article focuses on the early history of the minority Protestant movement in Japan around the turn of the 20th century, examining rival perspectives on mission and unity among certain Japanese church leaders and Western missionaries. The sudden rise of Japan as the regional political power in Northeast Asia strongly influenced both constituencies, albeit in differing ways. While Protestant missionaries imagined Japanese Christians as future agents in their strategy for world evangelization, Japanese Protestant leaders were more modest, focusing their energies on the development of an independent national church. They did hope that their theological “liberation” from British, Dutch, and German confessional traditions would inspire similar theological developments in “younger churches” elsewhere. In light of the Japanese case, the author turns to John 17 for a “post‐instrumentalist” proposal for Christian unity and mission grounded in the inner life of God and wonders if such a perspective may be better attuned to the polycentric ecumenism of this new era of World Christianity.
A service evaluation to examine the use of compression strapping for the management of patients with retromalleolar leg ulcers in a specialist community setting
Authors: Haynes Samantha , Holloway Samantha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLeg ulcers are costly to the NHS, and they have a significant impact on patients' physical, social, and psychological well‐being. Compression therapy is traditionally the “gold‐standard” treatment for the management of venous leg ulcers and can be beneficial for those individuals with mixed ulcer aetiology. Evidence suggests that the application of standard, strong, graduated compression bandaging does not apply therapeutic compression to the retromalleolar fossa. The addition of compression strapping has been found to increase sub‐bandage pressure, promote healing, reduce pain and increase quality of life in patients with retromalleolar leg ulcers. This service evaluation aimed at evaluating the use of compression strapping with patients with retromalleolar leg ulcers. The service evaluation included 24 patients with 41 ulcers treated with compression strapping by a specialist team. Patients treated with CS had multiple comorbidities and shared common characteristics including foot and ankle oedema, previous ulceration, reduced mobility, and failure to heal despite the application of “gold‐standard” compression therapy. Following application of compression strapping, 17 patients (n = 27/41 ulcers) healed, mean pain scores decreased, and mean quality of life scores increased. The compression strapping was tolerated well, and patients reported a positive experience. This service evaluation has contributed towards a growing evidence base that supports the use of CS for the management of patients with retromalleolar leg ulcers.
Consumers’ active choice behaviour promotes coevolutionary units in antagonistic networks
Authors: de Alvarenga Allan Maurício Sanches Baptista , Borges Marcelo Eduardo , Jorge Leonardo Ré , Varassin Isabela Galarda , Araújo Sabrina Borges Lino 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIndividual behaviour and local context can influence the evolution of ecological interactions and how they structure into networks. In trophic interactions, consumers can increase their fitness by actively choosing resources that they are more likely to explore successfully. Mathematical modelling is often employed in theoretical studies to understand the coevolutionary dynamics between consumers and resources. However, they often disregard the individual consumer behaviour since the complexity of these systems usually requires simplifying assumptions about interaction details. Using an individual‐based model, we model a community of several species that interact antagonistically. Each individual has a trait (attack or defence) that is explicitly modelled and the probability of the interaction to occur successfully increases with increased trait‐matching. In addition, consumers can actively choose resources that guarantee greater fitness. We show that active consumer choice can generate coevolutionary units over time. It means that the traits of both consumers and resources converge into multiple groups with similar traits and the species interactions stay restricted to these groups over time. We also observed that network structure is more dependent on the parameter that delimits active consumer choice than on the intensity of selective pressure. Thus, our results support the idea that consumer active choice behaviour plays an important role in the ecological and evolutionary processes that structure interacting communities.
Gaseous chlorine dioxide inactivation of microbial contamination on whole black peppercorns
Authors: Rane Bhargavi , Lacombe Alison , Guan Jiewen , Bridges David F. , Sablani Shyam , Tang Juming , Wu Vivian C. H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBlack peppercorn is a common ingredient imported and used in uncooked or ready‐to‐eat foods in the United States. They might be exposed to fecal coliforms and other microbial contamination due to a lack of good agricultural and manufacturing practices in some developing countries under which they were grown and harvested, thus causing economic losses to the peppercorn industry in the United States. We investigated the effect of gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on reducing the microbial population levels of coliforms, aerobic bacteria, yeasts, and molds on unprocessed black peppercorns. Treatments on peppercorns were conducted in a 30‐L airtight chamber, and equal amounts of dry media precursors were used to generate gaseous ClO2. Whole peppercorns (200 g) were exposed to 20, 30, and 40 g of precursor dose for up to 60 min at 21 ± 0.4°C and in combination with mild heat at 40 ± 2°C. Aerobic bacteria, coliforms, yeasts, and molds on peppercorns were enumerated before (7.4, 7.2, and 7.1 log CFU/g, respectively) and after treatments. Results after treatment demonstrated 0.8–1 log10 (90%) reduction for all the microbes post‐treatment at 21 ± 0.4°C. The treatments conducted with a 30 g precursor dose for 60 min at 21 ± 0.4°C reduced statistically higher (p < .05) microorganisms than those at 40 ± 2°C. Our work demonstrated that gaseous ClO2 could be used as a part of an overall hurdle technology to reduce the coliforms, aerobes, yeasts, and molds on black peppercorns without affecting the visual quality.
Structure and evolution of the sexually dimorphic integumentary swelling on the hands of dendrobatid poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Anura: Dendrobatoidea)
Authors: Cavalcanti Isabela Rodrigues de Souza , Luna María Celeste , Faivovich Julián , Grant Taran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe hands of adult males of many dendrobatid poison frogs and their relatives possess swelling formed by glandular tissue hypothesized to secrete courtship pheromones delivered to the female during cephalic amplexus. Variation in the occurrence and external morphology of the swelling of finger IV has provided important evidence for dendrobatoid systematics for decades, but its underlying structure has not been investigated. We undertook a detailed comparative analysis of the integument of the hand, including both external morphology and histology, of 36 species representing the diversity of dendrobatoid frogs and several close relatives. The swelling is caused by four densely packed, hypertrophic, morpho‐histochemical types of specialized mucous glands (SMGs). We observed type I SMGs on fingers II–V and the wrist, including areas that are not swollen, types II and IV exclusively on finger IV, and type III on finger IV and the wrist. Type I SMGs occur either in isolation or together with types II, III, or IV; types II, III, and IV never occur together or without type I. We delimited 15 characters to account for the variation in external morphology and the occurrence of SMGs. Our data suggest that type I SMGs are a new synapomorphy for Dendrobatoidea and that type II SMGs originated in either the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of Dendrobatidae or independently in the MRCAs of Aromobatidae and Colostethinae, respectively, while types III and IV are restricted to Anomaloglossus. The discovery of these SMGs adds a new dimension to studies of poison frog reproductive biology, which have investigated acoustic, visual, and tactile cues in courtship, mating, and parental care across the diversity of Dendrobatoidea for decades but have almost entirely overlooked the possible role of chemical cues.
Nurses’ perspectives on workarounds in clinical practice: A phenomenological analysis
Authors: Bianchi Monica , Ghirotto Luca 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the phenomenon of workarounds in clinical practice through the nurses’ perspective and identify which factors according to their experience contribute to activities carried forth non‐compliantly to procedures, protocols and rules defined by an Institution.BackgroundA workaround in clinical practice is a non‐compliance and a violation of an organisation's defined procedures, regulations or rules that may prevent adverse events. Its increasing recurrence in the workplace calls for a deeper analysis of the phenomenon.DesignA phenomenological descriptive design, following Colaizzi's analysis.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were conducted with 16 nurses about their experience of workarounds. The interviews were digitally audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two researchers conducted data analysis independently and followed three phases: extracting significant statements, creating formulated meanings and aggregating them into themes. The process employed NVivo 12 software. COREQ checklist was used for reporting.ResultsData analysis identified 17 sub‐themes falling into the four macro‐themes: (i) living the profession in saved times; (ii) Perceiving contingencies as a guide to action; (iii) sense of personal responsibility; and (iv) emotional aspects.ConclusionsFrom a nurses’ perspective, a workaround is often triggered by the need to overcome problems interfering with efficient and timely patient care in everyday clinical practice. This will of undertaking responsibilities favouring gained efficiency is closely linked to their confidence acquired over years of experience in the field.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study can help clinical leadership to acknowledge workaround, understand the underlying triggers and work towards reconciling official procedures with real‐world situations. They can help nurses working in clinical practice to reflect and understand how to reconcile the needs related to the demands of organisations with the need to live their profession, which is more patient‐oriented.