bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of family physicians in Istanbul about e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids: a qualitative study
Authors: Selamoglu Melis , Onal Ayse Emel , Erbas Bircan , Karabey Selma , Oren Meryem Merve , Ucar Mahmut Talha , Barton Chris 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Family physicians (FPs) are the first point of contact for people who smoke who are seeking to quit smoking in Türkiye. We aimed to explore Turkish FPs knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids.

Methods
Eleven in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with FPs in Istanbul, Türkiye. Participants were recruited through purposeful sampling from respondents to a previous survey study completed with 243 participants in 2022. The survey explored the knowledge, attitudes and recommendations of FPs in Istanbul about e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids. Participants indicated availability for a follow up qualitative interview. FPs were interviewed and audio files were transcribed verbatim. QSR NVivo was used to aid coding, thematic analysis and retrieval of quotes.

Results
FPs expressed they had little knowledge about e-cigarettes and this impacted their confidence to discuss these with their patients. They held a range of views on the harms of e-cigarettes and the potential for a gateway effect and dual use with tobacco cigarettes. FPs stated they would not recommend e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids and half were not keen on a prescription model for e-cigarettes. FPs did not feel comfortable or have the confidence to answer patient questions about e-cigarettes if asked. They were keen to learn more about e-cigarettes and receive training and education to be able to better inform their patients about e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids.

Conclusion
FPs in Türkiye require more understanding of e-cigarettes if they are to answer patient questions about using e-cigarettes to support smoking cessation. They perceived to be lack of evidence and research on the harms of vaping and as such were not currently willing to recommend them to patients. FPs desired more information and resources from trusted sources to support them to learn about e-cigarettes in order to discuss them with patients. Providing evidence-based information and upskilling FPs on e-cigarettes may increase their knowledge and confidence to have discussions about e-cigarettes for smoking cessation.
Ancient Tamil inscription recognition using detect, recognize and labelling, interpreter framework of text method
Authors: Murugan Balasubramanian , Visalakshi P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tamil is the oldest language spoken in Tamil Nadu, India, with inscriptions dating back to the third century BCE found in caves, temples, and archaeological sites. The style and content of these inscriptions have evolved over time, reflecting changes in society, governance, and language usage. They provide valuable insights into rulers, dynasties, administrative systems, religious practices, and societal norms of their era. However, the diverse fonts and styles of these inscriptions necessitate an efficient method for alphabet and word recognition. Existing algorithms primarily recognize Tamil words and characters from the nineteenth century and do not address the language and styles used in the third century. This study proposes a novel DR-LIFT framework specifically designed for recognizing Tamil inscriptions from this earlier period, overcoming the limitations of current methods. The dataset used consists of third-century Tamil inscriptions. The algorithms within the DR-LIFT method specifically designed to detect text with intricate features such as curves, loops, and lines, significantly enhancing detection accuracy. The proposed framework achieves impressive outcomes, with a recognition accuracy of 99% and a recognition rate of 98.8%.
Evolution of wing scales in Diptera documented by fossils
Authors: Krzemińska Ewa , Krzemiński Wiesław , Kania-Kłosok Iwona , Stanek-Tarkowska Jadwiga , Skibińska Kornelia , Santos Daubian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAmong the insects with wings clad in scales, the butterflies are the best known and those showing greatest variety of scale types. In the Diptera, some families or particular genera of two large groups are known to bear scales on wings, i.e., mosquitoes (Culicomorpha) and moth flies (Psychodomorpha). From among another large dipteran group, the crane-flies (Tipulomorpha), scales are present on wings only in one small genus, Maietta Alexander, now endemic to the southwestern coast of South America. Here, we describe an Eocene ancestor of Maietta, embedded in Baltic amber, Maietta hoffeinsetta, n. sp. This species and its recent congeners document evolution of scale cover from sparse and scarce, restricted only to anterior portion of wing, to complete and dense. A similar parallel evolutionary route was previously described in the Culicidae. The fossil representative of Maietta provides also a further example of biogeographical relationships of Baltic fauna with recent congeners distributed today far from Europe. The present finding prompts a discussion on a possible role of scales in adaptation to post Eocene cooling down of climate.
A systematic review of migrants’ non-employment precarity–conceptualizations by scholars and migrants’ narratives
Authors: Hung Suet Lin , Lai Chi Yuen , Fung Kwok Kin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPrecarity is a term capturing the migrants’ situation under globalization and migration-driven uncertainties. Many have attempted to explain the precarity in terms of employment changes, but fewer in terms of non-employment ones. A systematic review is conducted to summarize the conceptualization of migrant precarity manifested in non-employment aspects. Studies (n = 46) from 2014 to 2024 were selected by searching through social science databases of using the keyterms of “precarity” or “precarization” or “precariat” or “precariousness” AND “migrants” or “migration”. Precarity conceptualizations were compared by migrants’ narratives to identify precarity items omitted in literature. Findings showed that migrants’ precarities suffer from typical economic, social and legal precarities. Yet, precarities of household, information and housing are understudied. Moreover, analyzation of migrants’ narratives shown mismatches to scholar’s conceptualization, which reflects a need for scholars to research with the voices of migrants to rectify the conceptualization. The review also shows a socially reproduction relationship between precarities, while multidimensional conceptualizations will help scholars’ analysis to stick consistently to migrants’ experiences. It is also recommended to research more on information, housing, and psychological precarity, apart from a need to adopt longitudinal lens into migrant precarity studies. Words count for body of manuscript: 8,524 (excluding references and appendix).
Opportunities for NCD screening and control efforts among people living with HIV/AIDS attending care and treatment clinic at a regional referral hospital in Dar es Salaam
Authors: Musyani Atuganile , Mosi Grace , Kinyenje Erik , Mizinduko Mucho , Kishimba Rogath , Shimwela Meshack , Subi Leonard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in Tanzania now live longer and hence are at increased risk of developing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Despite many resources committed to HIV care programs, NCD care remains inadequately integrated into these programs. This study aimed to describe risk factors and evaluate control rates of three months of NCD preventive efforts among PLHIV attending the care and treatment clinic (CTC) at Temeke Regional Referral Hospital (RRH).

Methods
The study employed a mixed-method approach, including a cross-sectional study to identify hypertension risk factors and pre–post-intervention follow-ups to assess NCD control rates among PLHIV. Conducted between January and June 2020, the study included interviews, secondary data reviews, and screening for blood pressure and blood glucose levels using the World Health Organization STEPS surveillance tool. Data were analyzed using STATA, employing logistic regression to determine NCD risk factors. The intervention enrolled patients diagnosed with hypertension, increased blood glucose, or both to receive NCD preventive health education. Blood pressure and glucose levels were re-evaluated after three months using a paired t-test to assess control rates.

Results
The interview was conducted with a total of 333 PLHIV, of whom 71 (21.32%) were diagnosed with hypertension and 9 (2.70%) had elevated blood glucose levels. Notably, 177 (53.15%) participants had never had their blood pressure measured before, and 37 (20.90%) of them were newly diagnosed with hypertension. The intervention cohort included 76 patients, of whom 71 had hypertension. After the intervention, 26 (36.6%) patients achieved blood pressure control. Of the nine patients with elevated blood glucose, 5 (55.5%) had normalized levels.

Conclusion
Undiagnosed NCDs are highly prevalent among PLHIV attending CTC at Temeke RRH. Targeted interventions show the potential to improve NCD outcomes. Integrating NCD care into existing HIV programs could enhance the health longevity of PLHIV.
Unveiling the Virgin: Maya Marianism on the Eve of the 1712 Tzeltal Revolt
Authors: Leavitt-Alcántara Brianna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In 1711, the Virgin Mary reportedly appeared to a Maya couple in the small town of Santa Marta, before wondrously transforming into a miraculous image that began to draw pilgrims from across highland Chiapas. Presuming fraud, church officials confiscated the image and arrested the Maya seers. Just weeks later, another Marian apparition, with a radical message calling for an end to Spanish colonialism, catalyzed the Tzeltal Revolt, one of the largest Indigenous rebellions in colonial New Spain before 1750. Modern scholarship mostly leaves the Santa Marta episode in the interpretive shadow of the Tzeltal Revolt, considering it in passing as a marker of rising discontent. In contrast, I examine the Santa Marta devotion in its own right, and not simply as a rebellious warm-up for the Tzeltal Revolt. This analysis illuminates three key factors in the dynamic formation of eighteenth-century Mesoamerican Marianism and Indigenous Christianities: religious exchanges and dialogues between distinct Maya ethnolinguistic groups, Nahua societies, and Spanish missionaries; gender complementarity and female religious leadership; and struggles for collective renewal and rebirth in the face of Spanish colonialism.
Merchants and Golden River Ports: Reassessing the Role of Caribbean New Granada in Imperial Bullion Flows, 1740–1832
Authors: Torres James V. , Henao-Giraldo José 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The essay provides a reassessment of mining production in late colonial and early republican New Granada by studying gold smelting in Mompox, the largest inland river port of northern South America. By analyzing previously unexplored treasury logbooks, the article argues that, parallel to the illegal gold outflows from Mompox, a significant stream of gold bars reached international markets via legal networks that tied this river port with outlets in Havana and beyond. The river port smelted 12–20 percent of New Granada's gold production, a sizable amount that historians have not included in their estimates. These numbers reflect the importance of placer mining in Caribbean New Granada and northeastern Antioquia Province, for which the essay offers new evidence to understand its geological, labor, network, and financial structures. Mompox's smelting house was destroyed during the independence wars, strengthening Medellín's role as the main pivot of New Granada's gold trade in the early republican years.
The Press and Latin American Dictatorships: O Estado de S. Paulo, Clarín, and the 1964 Brazilian and 1976 Argentine Military Coups
Authors: Sá Motta Rodrigo Patto 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on the relationship between the traditional press and the military dictatorships of Brazil and Argentina. Using a combination of comparative and connected history approaches, I analyze the newspapers O Estado de S. Paulo and Clarín, supporters of the 1964 coup in Brazil and the 1976 coup in Argentina respectively. I analyze the newspapers’ attitudes toward their country's dictatorship, including their stances on the repression of leftist forces, state censorship, economic policies, and demands for liberalization. The article concludes that the newspapers’ initial enthusiasm for the respective dictatorships cooled, and that the divergences and criticisms that emerged in each paper had distinct motivations: Clarín was more critical of the Argentine military's economic policy, while O Estado de S. Paulo disagreed with some of the political agenda pursued by the Brazilian military. Even so, both newspapers continued to support their country's dictatorships up to the moment when the regimes were engulfed in severe political and economic crises.
Knee position affects medial gastrocnemius and soleus activation during dynamic plantarflexion: no evidence for an inter-muscle compensation in healthy young adults
Authors: Kovács Bálint , Csala Dániel , Yang Song , Tihanyi József , Gu Yaodong , Hortobágyi Tibor 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Knee joint position influences ankle torque, but it is unclear whether the soleus compensates to counteract the reductions in gastrocnemius output during knee-flexed versus knee-extended plantarflexions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of knee joint position and plantarflexion contraction velocity on ankle plantarflexion torque and electromyography activity of the medial gastrocnemius and soleus in healthy young adults. Healthy male participants (n=30) performed concentric plantar flexions in a custom-built dynamometer from 15° dorsiflexion to 30° plantarflexion at gradually increasing velocities during each contraction at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 210° s−1 in a supine position with the knee fully extended and while kneeling with the knee fixed in 90° flexion. Two 16-channel linear electromyographic (EMG) arrays were placed over the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Plantarflexion torque during flexed-knee versus extended-knee plantarflexions was 31% lower (P=0.002) averaged across the five contraction velocities. The overall EMG activity of the medial gastrocnemius was 35% lower (P=0.002) during knee-flexed versus knee-extended plantarflexions. In the first half of plantarflexions at slower contractions, soleus EMG activity was 15% and 28% higher (both P=0.002) in knee-flexed versus knee-extended plantarflexion, respectively. We conclude that knee position affects medial gastrocnemius and soleus activation during dynamic plantarflexion, with plantarflexion torque being smaller in the knee-flexed versus knee-extended position. However, we found no evidence that changes in soleus activation would compensate for the decrease in medial gastrocnemius activation.
Methods of preventing postpartum depression. The role of physical activity, mobile applications and psychosocial interventions
Authors: Falenta Adrianna , Droździok Natalia , Piegza Magdalena 
Published: December 2024

WstępCelem niniejszego przeglądu narracyjnego jest zgromadzenie i analiza badań dotyczących wybranych metod zapobiegania depresji poporodowej.Materiał i metodyPrzegląd literatury został wykonany na podstawie prac opublikowanych w bazie naukowej PubMed. W celu zobrazowania procesu analizy danych wykorzystano protokół PRISMA. Do analizy włączono jedynie badania anglojęzyczne opublikowane w okresie od 2018 do 2023 roku.WynikiBadania nie wykazały jednoznacznego związku między aktywnością fizyczną a zapobieganiem depresji poporodowej. Skuteczne strategie, które mogą zmniejszyć ryzyko wystąpienia depresji poporodowej obejmują medytację mindfulness, zapewnianie kobietom w ciąży wsparcia społecznego i opieki medycznej, a także uczestnictwo w programach edukacyjnych w okresie ciąży. Dodatkowo, programy internetowe i aplikacje mobilne oparte na terapii poznawczo-behawioralnej mogą stanowić skuteczną formę wsparcia psychologicznego dla kobiet w ciąży.WnioskiNiniejszy przegląd badań wykazuje kilka skutecznych strategii zapobiegania depresji poporowej. Okazuje się, że istotne jest zapewnienie kobietom holistycznej i wielodyscyplinarnej opieki, uwzględniającej różnorodne aspekty ich zdrowia. Dodatkowo, szybka identyfikacja grup kobiet najbardziej narażonych na depresję poporodową jest kluczowa dla skuteczności interwencji.
Nonstationary and Sparsely-Correlated Multioutput Gaussian Process with Spike-and-Slab Prior
Authors: Wang Xinming , Li Yongxiang , Yue Xiaowei , Wu Jianguo 
Published: December 2024

Multioutput Gaussian process (MGP) is commonly used as a transfer learning method to leverage information among multiple outputs. A key advantage of MGP is providing uncertainty quantification for prediction, which is highly important for subsequent decision-making tasks. However, traditional MGP may not be sufficiently flexible to handle multivariate data with dynamic characteristics, particularly when dealing with complex temporal correlations. Additionally, because some outputs may lack correlation, transferring information among them may lead to negative transfer. To address these issues, this study proposes a nonstationary MGP model that can capture both the dynamic and sparse correlation among outputs. Specifically, the covariance functions of MGP are constructed using convolutions of time-varying kernel functions. Then a dynamic spike-and-slab prior is placed on correlation parameters to automatically decide which sources are informative to the target output in the training process. An expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is proposed for efficient model fitting. Both numerical studies and real cases demonstrate its efficacy in capturing dynamic and sparse correlation structure and mitigating negative transfer for high-dimensional time-series data modeling. A mountain-car reinforcement learning case highlights that transferring knowledge from source expertise can enhance the efficiency of the target decision-making process. Our method holds promise for application in more complex multitask decision-making challenges within nonstationary environments in the future. History: Rema Padman served as the senior editor for this article. Funding: This work was supported by NSFC [Grants NSFC-72171003, NSFC-71932006, and NSFC-72101147]. Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.4010696.v1 and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2023.0022 ).
Budget Disclosure in Crowdfunding: Information Asymmetry and Cost Transparency
Authors: Fu Wayne , Shang Guangzhi , Tong Xun 
Published: December 2024

Problem definition: This paper investigates how a crowdfunding campaign’s voluntary disclosure of sensitive cost information affects its funding performance on Kickstarter—a mainstream, primarily reward-based crowdfunding platform. Instead of enhancing a campaign’s marketing traits, project budget as a novel information-provision tool reminds the crowd of the behind-the-scenes operations for developing and executing a project. This resembles the radical practice of cost transparency recently observed in the retail industry and studied experimentally in the literature. We also separate the disclosure effect on reward seeking versus altruistic pledges and examine how it varies with the structure of the cost items (fixed versus variable costs). Methodology/results: Our data collection follows Kickstarter’s rollout of the Project Budget tool in 2019. The project-level raw data are preprocessed via coarsened exact matching to match projects with and without budgets. We show that the main channel through which budget provision improves funding performance is via attracting additional funding, not by cannibalizing competing projects. Because of the voluntary nature of budget provision, we address the resulting endogeneity issue using peer average-style instruments. Budget provision on average increases funding performance by over 100%, which is more effective than many information-provision tools studied. Interestingly, this funding improvement comes from an increased number of backers (width), not from a higher pledge per backer (depth), and from a considerably higher number of altruistic pledges, not from more reward-seeking pledges. Further, a higher fixed-cost (over total cost) ratio, which is indicative of a higher profit margin, significantly reduces the benefit but does not make disclosure backfire. Managerial implications: Showing the costs to customers can be highly effective in business settings where trust between stakeholders is critical, which implies a promising generalization to donation-based crowdfunding. Our results can also be used to guide a sequential rollout of the Project Budget feature across campaign categories and promote adoption rates. Funding: X. Tong was supported by funding from the Department of Operations and the Research School of the Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of Groningen [Projects 147215070 and 147120310]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0374 .
Systematic review of the best evidence for resistance exercise in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Zhao Qian , Wu Ning , Duan Kaixing , Liu Jiahui , Han Minghua , Xu Huize , Chen Haoyang , Ma Ji 
Published: December 2024

Objective
This study aims to search, evaluate, and consolidate the best evidence for resistance exercise in maintenance hemodialysis patients, providing evidence-based support for the clinical implementation of resistance exercise in these patients.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive search of literature in databases on resistance exercise for maintenance hemodialysis patients, including guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials. The search spanned from the inception of the database to March 2023. During the process of evaluation and data extraction, two researchers rigorously assessed the quality of the literature.

Results
A total of 24 articles were included in this review, consisting of 2 guidelines, 3 expert consensus documents, 9 systematic reviews, and 10 randomized controlled trials. From nine aspects, including target population, contraindications for exercise, pre-exercise assessment, exercise frequency, exercise intensity, exercise duration, exercise type, exercise benefits, and exercise precautions, we extracted a total of 23 pieces of best evidence.

Conclusion
Given the findings of this study, we recommend that future researchers design and conduct larger-scale, multi-center, longitudinal studies to validate our results and further explore the long-term impacts of combined resistance and aerobic exercises on muscle strength and other health indicators. Such research will provide deeper insights and contribute to the development of evidence-based exercise programs.