bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic obesity and the risk of knee osteoarthritis progression in elderly community residents: A 3‐year longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Go Dong Jin , Kim Dong Hyun , Guermazi Ali , Crema Michel Daoud , Hunter David J. , Hwang Hyun Sook , Kim Hyun Ah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveMetabolic syndrome is a major health problem worldwide associated with obesity, thus drawing attention to its relation to osteoarthritis (OA). However, it is still uncertain whether metabolic syndrome or body fat distribution is associated with knee OA. The aim of this longitudinal study was to elucidate the association between metabolic obesity and adverse structural changes of knee OA assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsParticipants were recruited from the Hallym Aging Study cohort in Korea. Knee MRI scans, along with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, were assessed in 226 participants at baseline and after 3 years. The structural progression in the tibiofemoral joint was evaluated using the semi‐quantitative Whole‐Organ MRI Score (WORMS) for cartilage morphology and bone marrow lesions (BML). Logistic regression with generalized estimating equation was performed for associations of metabolic risk factors with worsening of WORMS scores at the subregional level.ResultsIn the medial compartment, fat mass in women was associated with cartilage loss, but the statistical significance disappeared after adjusting for body mass index. Metabolic syndrome and each of its components were not associated with cartilage loss or increase of BML. On the other hand, the interaction effects of metabolic syndrome on the association between obesity and knee OA progression were not significant.ConclusionIn this cohort, metabolic effects of obesity on knee cartilage damage and BML were not demonstrated. Further large‐scale studies are required to prove the causal relationship between metabolic obesity and knee OA.
Does corruption shape firm centralisation? Evidence from state‐owned enterprises in China
Authors: Kong Dongmin , Zhu Ling , Qin Ni 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of corruption on centralisation in state‐owned enterprises (SOEs). Based on a unique setting in China where both parent firms' and the whole business group’s financial statements are mandatorily disclosed, we construct a novel proxy of centralisation exploiting the allocation decision rights within business groups. We then introduce a quasi‐natural experiment (i.e., China’s anti‐corruption campaign) to present that the reduction of corruption significantly enhances the centralisation of SOEs. A plausible mechanism is that the anti‐corruption campaign reshapes firms' internal governance and operation. Our findings are particularly pronounced for SOEs with low levels of financing conditions and ownership concentration.
Baseline‐ and treatment‐associated pain in the X:BOT comparative effectiveness study of extended‐release naltrexone versus buprenorphine‐naloxone for OUD
Authors: Wang An‐Li , Shulman Matisyahu , Choo Tse‐Hwei , Pavlicova Martina , Langleben Daniel D. , Nunes Edward V. , Rotrosen John 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChronic pain is highly prevalent among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). However, little is known about how pharmacological treatments for OUD, for example, extended‐release naltrexone (XR‐NTX) and buprenorphine‐naloxone (BUP‐NX), affect pain. To begin addressing this question, we performed a secondary analysis of pain data on a large prospective 24‐week, open‐label, randomized‐controlled comparative effectiveness trial of XR‐NTX versus BUP‐NX (X:BOT trial). Participants' pain status was measured by the EuroQol (EQ‐5D). Based on their responses to the pain question at baseline, participants were dichotomized into “Pain” versus “No Pain” categories. Participant's pain status was evaluated every 4 weeks. A mixed effects longitudinal logistic regression model was fitted to examine the differential effect of XR‐NTX versus BUP‐NX on pain, modelling pain at all available follow‐up assessments, adjusted for age, sex, and baseline pain. A total of 474 individuals who were successfully inducted onto their assigned medications were included in this analysis. Among participants endorsing pain at baseline, substantial reductions in pain were observed over the course of the study in both treatment groups. Howecver reduction in pain was slightly greater in the group treated with XR‐NTX than the one treated with BUP‐NX (OR = 1.60 [95% CI: 1.07–2.40], P = 0.023). Future research using instruments and design specifically focused on pain could extend the present observations and evaluate their clinical significance.
Skipping breakfast is associated with an increased long‐term cardiovascular mortality in metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) but not MAFLD‐free individuals
Authors: Xie Jiarong , Huang Hangkai , Chen Yishu , Xu Lei , Xu Chengfu 
Published: December 2021

SummaryBackgroundBalancing calorie control to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by skipping breakfast while guarding against its potential risks is a challenge.AimsTo explore the association between skipping breakfast and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).MethodsA total of 9926 individuals (including 3004 MAFLD participants) aged 20 years or older were enrolled in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and followed for up to 27 years. All participants were classified according to the frequency of breakfast consumption (every day, some days, rarely and never). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cardiovascular mortality.ResultsDuring the 212 239 person‐years of follow‐up, we documented a total of 2595 deaths including 603 deaths from CVDs. Of these, 1039 deaths including 253 deaths from CVDs were recorded in MAFLD individuals. MAFLD individuals showed higher cardiovascular mortality than MAFLD‐free controls (P < 0.001). Furthermore, skipping breakfast was independently associated with high cardiovascular mortality risk (adjusted HR: 2.850, 95% CI: 1.490‐5.452; P = 0.002), and a high cerebrovascular disease mortality risk (adjusted HR: 5.570, 95% CI: 1.814‐17.099; P = 0.003) in participants with MAFLD. However, skipping breakfast was not associated with cardiovascular mortality in MAFLD‐free individuals (adjusted HR: 1.526, 95% CI: 0.701‐3.326; P = 0.280).ConclusionsIn this US population‐based study, skipping breakfast was associated with a high risk of cardiovascular mortality in MAFLD but not MAFLD‐free individuals.
Watching the watchers: A report on the disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by editors and editorial board members of dental journals
Authors: Faggion Clovis Mariano 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReporting potential conflicts of interest (COIs) by all parties involved in the publication process is of pivotal importance to increase trust in research. The present study assessed the disclosure of potential COIs of editors and editorial board members of high‐ranked dental journals. From 28 April 2021 to 05 May 2021, the websites of 91 dental journals classified by impact factor (IF) were scrutinized to obtain information on the reporting of COI forms of editors and board members, and whether these individuals reported their detailed curriculum vitae (CV). The COI forms were assessed to understand the potential financial and non‐financial COIs of editors and board members. Only 11 (12.1%) journals reported COI forms of editors‐in‐chief (EICs) and associate editors (AEs). No journal reported a COI form of the editorial board members. Of the 100 editors (EICs plus AEs), 25 (25.%) declared connections to for‐profit organisations, and seven (7%) to not‐for‐profit organisations. Five (5%) editors (all AEs) reported non‐financial COIs, and 35 (35%) editors reported nothing to declare. Nine (9.9%) journals reported a short CV of editors, which were not informative regarding potential COIs. Editors and editorial board members of high‐ranked dental journals should report in more detail their potential COIs.
Modeling impact and cost‐effectiveness of driving‐Y gene drives for malaria elimination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Metchanun Nawaphan , Borgemeister Christian , Amzati Gaston , von Braun Joachim , Nikolov Milen , Selvaraj Prashanth , Gerardin Jaline 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMalaria elimination will be challenging in countries that currently continue to bear high malaria burden. Sex‐ratio‐distorting gene drives, such as driving‐Y, could play a role in an integrated elimination strategy if they can effectively suppress vector populations. Using a spatially explicit, agent‐based model of malaria transmission in eight provinces spanning the range of transmission intensities across the Democratic Republic of the Congo, we predict the impact and cost‐effectiveness of integrating driving‐Y gene drive mosquitoes in malaria elimination strategies that include existing interventions such as insecticide‐treated nets and case management of symptomatic malaria. Gene drive mosquitoes could eliminate malaria and were the most cost‐effective intervention overall if the drive component was highly effective with at least 95% X‐shredder efficiency at relatively low fertility cost, and associated cost of deployment below 7.17 $int per person per year. Suppression gene drive could be a cost‐effective supplemental intervention for malaria elimination, but tight constraints on drive effectiveness and cost ceilings may limit its feasibility.
Global soil organic carbon changes and economic revenues with biochar application
Authors: Han Mengjie , Zhao Qing , Li Wei , Ciais Philippe , Wang Ying‐Ping , Goll Daniel S. , Zhu Lei , Zhao Zhe , Wang Jingmeng , Wei Yuan , Wu Fengchang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiochar has been proposed as a promising negative CO2 emission technology to mitigate future climate change with the additional benefit of increasing agricultural production. However, the spatial responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) to biochar addition in cropland are still uncertain, and the economic feasibility of large‐scale biochar implementation remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the response of SOC to biochar addition using 389 paired field measurements. The results show that biochar addition significantly increased SOC by 45.8% on average with large regional variations. Using a random forest model trained with soil, climate, biotic, biochar, and management factors, we found that the response of SOC to biochar addition was mainly dependent on biochar application rates, initial SOC, edaphic (e.g., pH), and climatic (e.g., mean annual precipitation) variables. Combined with the predicted SOC changes to biochar addition on the global cropland, we assessed the revenue of the biochar system based on the current and potential pyrolysis plants in the world using the life‐cycle analysis. Net revenue of the currently existing 144 pyrolysis plants increases with larger plant capacity and higher carbon price. Potential revenue of building new plants is high in regions like America and Europe but low in regions with infertile soil, low crop residues availability, and inconvenient transportation. The global CO2 removal of biochar application is 6.6 Tg CO2e (CO2 equivalent) year−1 with a net revenue of $ 177 million dollars at a carbon price of $ 50 t−1 CO2 for current pyrolysis plants with a biomass‐processing capacity of 20,000 t year−1. Our study provides a full economic assessment of idealized biochar addition scenarios and identifies the locations with maximal potential revenues with new pyrolysis plants.
Peanut protein – an underutilised by‐product with great potential: a review
Authors: Boukid Fatma 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the fourth important oilseed in the world. After oil extraction, defatted peanut is a protein‐rich by‐product containing around 50% of protein that can enable the production of protein isolates (90% protein) and concentrates (70% protein). Peanut protein has an excellent amino acid profile, a desirable volatile profile, a low level of antinutritional factors and a steady supply. Despite these advantages, peanut protein is underutilised because of its poor functional properties caused by the native globular structure and extraction conditions. Nutritional limitations are its deficiency in methionine and lysine and its association with allergic reaction for genetically predisposed subjects. To promote the valorisation of peanut protein in foods, it is very important to ensure a better functionality and a better nutritional value. This review intends to cover the properties of native peanut protein and to discuss innovative strategies including physical, chemical, and biological methods to improve the functionality and to mitigate allergens. These strategies have different degree of success in terms of protein quality and functionality, yield, sustainability and convenience. More investigation is required to select the processing or the combination of processing to boost the application of peanut protein as a valid alternative protein.
Recent developments in pasteurising seeds and their products using radio frequency heating: a review
Authors: Guan Xiangyu , Lin Biying , Xu Yuanmei , Yang Gaoji , Xu Juanjuan , Zhang Shuang , Li Rui , Wang Shaojin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFood‐borne or plant diseases mainly rely on the spread of seeds with pathogens. It is vital to eliminate food/seed‐borne pathogens of seeds and their products before commercial import/export or circulation. Radio frequency (RF) heating is identified as an effective method with lack of chemical residues, rapid or volumetric heating and large penetration depth, and also validated as a potential physical method to eliminate pests or pathogens in agricultural products or foods. Although, many reviews have summarised the applications of RF treatment during the process of foods, little comprehensive review has been focused on seeds and their products pasteurised by the RF energy. Comprehensive summary about principles and main applications of RF energy for pasteurising seeds and their products was reported in this review. This review also introduced some typical RF heating systems, thermal death kinetics of pathogens, influences of RF heating on germination rate of seeds and some ways for improving uniformity of RF heating. Furthermore, this review recommended the future research directions about treatment of seeds and their products using RF energy, especially for seed industry to control the pathogens in seeds without reducing their quality after RF treatments.
LipidSearch‐based manual comparative analysis of long‐chain free fatty acids in thermal processed tilapia muscles: workflow, thermal processing effect and comparative lipid analysis
Authors: Wu Tingting , Guo Hao , Zhang Ting , Sun Rui , Tao Ningping , Wang Xichang , Zhong Jian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLipidSearch is a useful tool to analyse lipid profiles in tissues. In this work, a liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐LipidSearch‐based manual comparative analysis method was built to analyse the effects of thermal processing methods (steaming, boiling and roasting) on long‐chain free fatty acid species in tilapia muscles. Then, the fatty acid profiles of raw and thermal processed tilapia muscles were analysed. About 66 fatty acid species were present in the raw, steamed, boiled and roasted tilapia muscles, and only five fatty acid species had higher sensitivity in positive ionisation mode than negative ionisation mode of mass spectrometry. Thermal processing mainly had no obvious effects on the amounts of about 60% free fatty acid species. Two, two, five and twelve fatty acid species could be the best potential biomarkers for differentiation of raw, steamed, boiled and roasted, respectively, tilapia muscles in our experiments. This work could provide a workflow of LipidSearch analysis and basic information on the effect of thermal processing on the long‐chain free fatty acid profile of foods.
Labour law in the 100 years of the International Labour Review
Authors: DUKES Ruth , FUDGE Judy , MUNDLAK Guy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis Centenary Issue presents a selection of the articles on labour law that were published in the International Labour Review (ILR) during its first 100 years. The articles were chosen for their contribution to two tracks of debate and discourse. The first concerns a progression of ideas over time with respect to the scope and substance of labour law in general. The second charts the evolution of international labour law more specifically. This introduction provides a narrative weaving together the landmarks that were selected in each of these tracks and pointing out recurring themes, questions and challenges as well as changing points of view.
Influence of wash aids on Bacillus spore removal from an asphalt parking lot using two spray-based washing methods
Authors: Mikelonis Anne M. , Fuller Christopher , Ratliff Katherine , Touati Abderrahmane , Calfee Michael W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
The goal of this study was to measure the removal efficacy of Bacillus atrophaeus spores from a parking lot using spray-based washing methods (a pressure washer and a garden hose) and wash aids. B. atrophaeus is a commonly used nonpathogenic surrogate for B. anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax and a deadly bioterrorism agent that would cause major disruptions and damage to public health should it be disseminated over an urban area.

Methods and Results
Five wash aids (1 mM sodium chloride, an Instant Ocean® seawater solution, 0.01% Tween 20, 0.01% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and unamended tap water) were used along with two different spray sequences in this study. Across all treatment conditions, 3.7–6.4 log10 colony forming unit were recovered in the runoff water, and 0.15%–23% of spores were removed from the surface of the parking lot.

Conclusions
Pressure washing removed more spores than the garden hose, and for both types of washing methods, the first pass removed more spores than the subsequent passes. The Instant Ocean and Tween 20 wash aids were found to significantly increase the percentage of spore removal when using the pressure washer, but the overall increase was only 1%–2% compared to the tap water alone.

Significance and Impact of Study
This study provides public officials and emergency responders with baseline spore physical removal information for situations where a corrosive disinfectant might have a negative impact on the environment and washing is being considered as an alternative remediation approach.
Perceived to be incompetent, but not a risk: Why men are evaluated as less suitable for childcare work than women
Authors: Sczesny Sabine , Nater Christa , Haines Serena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMen are widely underrepresented in early childhood education and care worldwide. Professional childcare is often believed to require communal qualities typically associated with the female gender role, like being sensitive to others' needs. Men's underrepresentation in childcare work likely occurs as a result of the perceived incongruity between communal qualities required for childcare work and agentic qualities associated with men and the male gender role. Using a between‐subjects design, this research examined how personality traits (communal vs. agentic) of people interested in early childcare and their gender (woman vs. man) affect evaluations of their suitability for childcare work. This online experiment further investigated the potential underlying mechanisms—ascribed childcare competence and perceived risk of perpetrating child abuse—and tested whether these explanations contribute to men's less favorable evaluations. Results showed that participants (N = 242) evaluated the communal candidate as more suitable for childcare work than the agentic candidate, and the male candidate as less suitable than the female candidate. Structural equation modeling showed that lower ascribed childcare competence, but not greater perceived risk of perpetrating sexual or physical child abuse, contributed to men's lower perceived suitability. This research provides support for the reasoning that persisting gender stereotypes can hinder men's entry into childcare work, as people discount men's competence and ability to care for children. Moreover, this research suggests that incongruity theories are also valid in the context of men pursuing traditionally female‐dominated communal roles. Practical implications are discussed in relation to strategies for increasing gender diversity in childcare work.
Evaluation of radiolabeled acetylcholine synthesis and release in rat striatum
Authors: Muramatsu Ikunobu , Uwada Junsuke , Chihara Kazuyasu , Sada Kiyonao , Wang Mao‐Hsien , Yazawa Takashi , Taniguchi Takanobu , Ishibashi Takaharu , Masuoka Takayoshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCholinergic transmission underlies higher brain functions such as cognition and movement. To elucidate the process whereby acetylcholine (ACh) release is maintained and regulated in the central nervous system, uptake of [3H]choline and subsequent synthesis and release of [3H]ACh were investigated in rat striatal segments. Incubation with [3H]choline elicited efficient uptake via high‐affinity choline transporter‐1, resulting in accumulation of [3H]choline and [3H]ACh. However, following inhibition of ACh esterase (AChE), incubation with [3H]choline led predominantly to the accumulation of [3H]ACh. Electrical stimulation and KCl depolarization selectively released [3H]ACh but not [3H]choline. [3H]ACh release gradually declined upon repetitive stimulation, whereas the release was reproducible under inhibition of AChE. [3H]ACh release was abolished after treatment with vesamicol, an inhibitor of vesicular ACh transporter. These results suggest that releasable ACh is continually replenished from the cytosol to releasable pools of cholinergic vesicles to maintain cholinergic transmission. [3H]ACh release evoked by electrical stimulation was abolished by tetrodotoxin, but that induced by KCl was largely resistant. ACh release was Ca2+ dependent and exhibited slightly different sensitivities to N‐ and P‐type Ca2+ channel toxins (ω‐conotoxin GVIA and ω‐agatoxin IVA, respectively) between both stimuli. [3H]ACh release was negatively regulated by M2 muscarinic and D2 dopaminergic receptors. The present results suggest that inhibition of AChE within cholinergic neurons and of presynaptic negative regulation of ACh release contributes to maintenance and facilitation of cholinergic transmission, providing a potentially useful clue for the development of therapies for cholinergic dysfunction‐associated disorders, in addition to inhibition of synaptic cleft AChE.
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