bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel municipal sewage-associated bacterial genomes and their potential in source tracking
Authors: Lindner Blake G. , Suttner Brittany , Conrad Roth E. , Rodriguez-R Luis M. , Hatt Janet K. , Zhu Kevin J. , Brown Joe , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLittle is known about the genomic diversity of raw municipal wastewater (sewage) microbial communities, including to what extent sewage-specific populations exist and how they can be used to improve source attribution and partitioning in sewage-contaminated waters. Herein, we used the influent of three wastewater treatment plants in Atlanta, Georgia (USA) as inoculum in multiple controlled laboratory mesocosms to simulate sewage contamination events and followed these perturbed freshwater microbial communities with metagenomics over a 7-day observational period. We describe 15 abundant non-redundant bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) ubiquitous within all sewage inoculum yet absent from the unperturbed freshwater control at our analytical limit of detection. Tracking the dynamics of populations represented by these MAGs revealed varied decay kinetics, depending on (inferred) phenotypes, e.g., anaerobes decayed faster under the well-aerated incubation conditions. Notably, a portion of these populations show decay patterns similar to common markers, Enterococcus and HF183. Comparisons against MAGs from different sources such as human and animal feces, revealed low cross-reactivity, indicating how genomic collections could be used to sensitively identify sewage contamination and partition signal among multiple sources. Overall, our results indicate the usefulness of metagenomic approaches for assessing sewage contamination in waterbodies and provides needed methodologies for doing so.
Induced Nanoscale Membrane Curvature Bypasses Clathrin’s Essential Endocytic Function
Authors: Cail Robert C , Shirazinejad Cyna R , Drubin David G 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring membrane trafficking, flat membrane is rapidly remodeled to produce nanometer-scale vesicles. The mechanisms underlying this shape change are not completely understood, but coat proteins such as clathrin are implicated. Clathrin’s ability to bind to membranes of many different geometries casts uncertainty on its specific role in curvature generation and stabilization. Here, we used nanopatterning to produce substrates of ideal optical properties for live-cell imaging, with U-shaped features that bend a cell’s ventral plasma membrane into shapes characteristic of the energetically-unfavorable intermediate of clathrin- mediated endocytosis (CME). This induced plasma membrane curvature recruits the endocytic machinery, promoting productive endocytosis. Upon clathrin or AP2 disruption, CME sites on flat substrates are diminished. However, induced curvature rescues the localization, turnover and transferrin cargo uptake activities of CME sites after clathrin, but not AP2, disruption. These data establish that clathrin’s essential function during CME is to facilitate the evolution of membrane curvature rather than to scaffold CME protein recruitment.SummaryCail et al. demonstrate that induced nanoscale membrane curvature recruits endocytic sites and produces vesicles in cells lacking the coat protein clathrin, while the adaptor protein AP2 is still required, showing that clathrin’s essential function is to facilitate curvature development of the nascent vesicle.
Evolution of DNA methylation across Ecdysozoa
Authors: Engelhardt Jan , Scheer Oliver , Stadler Peter F. , Prohaska Sonja J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDNA methylation is a crucial, abundant mechanism of gene regulation in vertebrates. It is less prevalent in many other metazoan organisms and completely absent in some key model species, such as D. melanogaster and C. elegans. We report here a comprehensive study of the presence and absence of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in 138 Ecdysozoa, covering Arthropoda, Nematoda, Priapulida, Onychophora, and Tardigrada. Three of these phyla have not been investigated for the presence of DNA methylation before. We observe that the loss of individual DNMTs independently occurred multiple times across ecdysozoan phyla. We computationally predict the presence of DNA methylation based on CpG rates in coding sequences using an implementation of Gaussian Mixture Modelling, MethMod. Integrating both analysis we predict two previously unknown losses of DNA methylation in Ecdysozoa, one within Chelicerata (Mesostigmata) and one in Tardigrada. In the early-branching Ecdysozoa Priapulus caudatus we predict the presence of a full set of DNMTs and the presence of DNA methylation. We are therefore showing a very diverse and independent evolution of DNA methylation in different ecdysozoan phyla spanning a phylogenetic range of more than 700 million years.
Influence of Strain Post-Processing on Brain Injury Prediction
Authors: Fahlstedt Madelen , Meng Shiyang , Kleiven Svein 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFinite element head models are a tool to better understand brain injury mechanisms. Many of the models use strain as output but with different percentile values such as 100th, 95th, 90th, and 50th percentiles. Some use the element value, whereas other use the nodal average value for the element. Little is known how strain post-processing is affecting the injury predictions and evaluation of different prevention systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of strain output on injury prediction and ranking.Two models with different mesh densities were evaluated (KTH Royal Institute of Technology head model and the Total Human Models for Safety (THUMS)). Pulses from reconstructions of American football impacts with and without a diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury were applied to the models. The value for 100th, 99th, 95th, 90th, and 50th percentile for element and nodal averaged element strain was evaluated based on peak values, injury risk functions, injury predictability, correlation in ranking, and linear correlation.The injury risk functions were affected by the post-processing of the strain, especially the 100th percentile element value stood out. Meanwhile, the area under the curve (AUC) value was less affected, as well as the correlation in ranking (Kendall’s tau 0.71-1.00) and the linear correlation (Pearson’s r2 0.72-1.00). With the results presented in this study, it is important to stress that the same post-processed strain should be used for injury predictions as the one used to develop the risk function.
CEO power and R&D investment
Authors: Naaman Christine , Sun Li 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis study aims to examine whether and how the power of a chief executive officer (CEO) relates to firm-level research and development (R&D) investment.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use clustered standard errors ordinary least squares regression using a large sample of US firms from 1994 to 2017.FindingsThe authors find a significant negative relation between CEO power and R&D investment, suggesting that firms with more powerful CEOs are less likely to invest in R&D activities. Besides, the study finds that this significant negative relation is largely driven by firms with weaker corporate governance.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the finance literature on the impact and consequences of having powerful CEOs and the financial accounting literature on the determinants of R&D expenditures.
“Building as machine”: mental image of combined cycle power plants workers
Authors: Rezaee Mohammad , Eghbali Seyed Rahman 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to interpret the workers’ perception of combined cycle power plants through visual qualities.

Design/methodology/approach
In this qualitative research landscape image, the sketching technique is applied as a data collection method to extract participants’ mental images by asking them to draw sketches. The resulted sketches besides obtained verbal and written data were analyzed and coded in three stages to explain the workers’ perception. Visual qualities were studied as a mean which made it possible to interpret the workers’ perception of their workplace.

Findings
Careful analysis of the gathered data and the emerged concepts via open coding identify four axial categories of the concepts forming the workers’ perception of the power plants: “inconsistency with nature,” “emphasis on function and product,” “health and environmental threats” and “interpretation of the built form as a mass instead of space.” These four categories support the core category of the proposed theory which is “perceiving building as the machine.” This phrase explains how workers perceive power plants as machines, not as supportive and lively environments. This is followed by consequences, “precedence of building over human” is prominent among them.

Originality/value
In the relevant body of literature, visual impact and visual perception of conventional thermal power plants are largely missed, as well as visual relation to environment focusing on a single building or groups of adjacent buildings. This paper covers both areas via asking for sketches as a data collection method, in addition, to interview the participants to clarify their mental image of the work environment.
Barriers to lean construction implementation in Zimbabwe
Authors: Moyo Tirivavi , Chigara Benviolent 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Increased waste during projects execution has led to time and cost overruns within the Zimbabwean construction projects industry. However, contextual barriers to lean construction implementation are yet to be established for derivation of effective remedies. The purpose of this paper is to report on a study that sought to determine barriers to lean construction implementation and assess the existence of statistically significant differences because of gender, designation and educational levels of respondents.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire survey was administered on construction professionals for the collection of quantitative data. Factor analysis was used to reveal interrelated significant sets of barriers to lean construction implementation. Non-parametric statistical methods were also used to determine significant differences because of demographic variables.

Findings
Integration- and performance-related, human capital management–related, quality management–related barriers were determined as the highest-ranked of the nine significant components. Significant differences because of gender, designation and educational levels were non-existent for aggregated barriers, generally indicating consensus on the barriers. However, individual barriers showed inadequacies in management requirements for lean construction implementation from architects and those with diplomas and degrees.

Research limitations/implications
The determination of barriers establishes the knowledge for construction policy evaluation for enhanced performance of the construction industry. However, because of the exploratory nature of this study, the insights of clients were not considered.

Originality/value
Context-specific barriers to lean construction implementation were determined for consequent construction policy improvements in the construction industry.
The effect of novelty in in-game advertising: examining the moderating role of interactivity and congruency
Authors: Vashisht Devika 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe motivation behind the study is to look at the impact of novelty in games on brand recall and attitude, and to dissect the directing job of game interactivity from the points of view of “contrast effect,” “engagement theory” and “transportation theory”.Design/methodology/approachA 2 (novelty: congruent or incongruent) × 2 (game interactivity: high or low) between-subject measures design was used. In total, 172 management students participated in the study. A 2 × 2 between-subjects measure multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was utilized to test the hypotheses.FindingsIncongruent novelty results in higher brand recall but less favorable brand attitude than congruent novelty. Interactivity moderates the relationship between novelty congruence and brand recall such that in a high-interactivity condition, incongruent novelty results in higher brand recall than that in the low-interactivity condition. But, in case of the high-interactivity condition, congruent novelty results in more favorable brand attitude than that in the low-interactivity condition.Practical implicationsDeveloping high brand recall rates and attitudes are the prime objectives of the marketers for choosing a medium to advertise their brands. This investigation adds knowledge to the area of interactive marketing, particularly in-game advertising as a media technique to promote brands taking novelty and game interactivity factors into thought.Originality/valueFrom the perspectives of interactive marketing, psychological elaboration, mind-engagement and transportation of experience, this investigation adds to the literature of advanced media advertising, explicitly to in-game advertising by looking at the effect of novelty and game interactivity.
Investigating the relevance of the traditional marketing mix across different stages of change: empirical evidence from household recycling
Authors: Issock Issock Paul Blaise , Mpinganjira Mercy , Roberts-Lombard Mornay 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This study aims to provide empirical evidence and a different perspective on the relevance of the traditional marketing mix in social marketing programmes. This is a response to the ongoing debate about the (in)compatibility of the traditional marketing mix (the 4Ps) in the field of social marketing. In doing so, this study examines the important role that the stages of behaviour change play in influencing the effectiveness of traditional marketing mix elements in the context of recycling in South African households.

Design/methodology/approach
This study follows a quantitative method, relying on a survey of 699 heads of households in South Africa. Multigroup analysis and structural equation modelling were applied to test the impact of stages of changes on the potential effect of marketing mix elements on the intention to recycle household waste.

Findings
The results established that although the traditional marketing mix elements have a marginal effect on the intention to recycle household waste, further analyses revealed that this impact of the marketing mix is contingent on the stage of change in which the target audience is found. Thus, the findings indicated that the marketing mix elements significantly influence the intention to recycle when the target audience is at the contemplation and preparation phases.

Originality/value
Whilst both critics and proponents of the adoption of the traditional marketing mix in social marketing initiatives have provided relevant arguments, the debate had remained largely theoretical. This study discusses the limitations of the traditional marketing mix in behaviour change programmes and the need for a segmented approach based on the stages of behaviour change when using the 4Ps. However, given the hegemony of the 4Ps in the social marketing literature, this study sheds light on the appropriate “Ps” to activate to influence recycling behavioural intention at different stages of change.
A cyber situational awareness model to predict the implementation of cyber security controls and precautions by SMEs
Authors: Renaud Karen , Ophoff Jacques 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThere is widespread concern about the fact that small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) seem to be particularly vulnerable to cyberattacks. This is perhaps because smaller businesses lack sufficient situational awareness to make informed decisions in this space, or because they lack the resources to implement security controls and precautions.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, Endsley’s theory of situation awareness was extended to propose a model of SMEs’ cyber situational awareness, and the extent to which this awareness triggers the implementation of cyber security measures. Empirical data were collected through an online survey of 361 UK-based SMEs; subsequently, the authors used partial least squares modeling to validate the model.FindingsThe results show that heightened situational awareness, as well as resource availability, significantly affects SMEs’ implementation of cyber precautions and controls.Research limitations/implicationsWhile resource limitations are undoubtedly a problem for SMEs, their lack of cyber situational awareness seems to be the area requiring most attention.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study are reported and recommendations were made that can help to improve situational awareness, which will have the effect of encouraging the implementation of cyber security measures.Originality/valueThis is the first study to apply the situational awareness theory to understand why SMEs do not implement cyber security best practice measures.
Pathology of acceleration programs in corporate accelerators of Iran
Authors: Heshmati Saeed , Shafiee Maysam 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis study was designed to detect the failures in Iranian accelerators. This paper attempts to identify these effects from the perspective of accelerator managers and founders of startups. The main goals of this article are as follows: (1) What are the failures of Iran's acceleration programs from the perspective of accelerator managers? (2) What are the failures of Iran's acceleration programs from the perspective of startup teams? (3) What are some of failures of the acceleration programs that both groups agree on?Design/methodology/approachIt has been attempted to conduct semi-structured interviews with managers of corporate accelerators on the one hand and startups accelerated in these accelerators on the other. The interviewees were selected using snowball method and consisted of 9 accelerator managers out of 7 accelerators and 15 startups based on 5 accelerators. The analysis of the information extracted from the interviews and coding of the failure identified in the accelerators was performed using the thematic analysis method. In order to assess the validity of this study, an entrepreneurial doctoral student was asked to codify the interviews individually to compare the extracted codes.FindingsFinally, 34 problems have been identified that are divided into four main themes related to mentorship, acceleration program, acceleration structure and infrastructure and internal startup team problems. Overall, the greatest agreement among the failures identified as wrong orientation by untrained mentors, the lack of complementary in ability and skills of team members, the lack of knowledge of mentors, the lack of acceleration managers in entrepreneurship and the lack of a proper leader in startup teams.Originality/valueThis study aimed to investigate the failures of corporate accelerators in Iran as a developing country, which is the first survey in Iran. We have many researches about the pathology and identify failures of accelerators, but in corporate accelerators, little research has been done. The authors have a classification of failures in corporate accelerators by using thematic analysis. In this study, accelerators' managers and founders of startups were interviewed and 34 failures were identified.
Prenatal heavy metal exposure, total immunoglobulin E, trajectory, and atopic diseases: A 15‐year follow‐up study of a Taiwanese birth cohort
Authors: Liu Kwei‐Lan , Tsai Tsung‐Lin , Tsai Wen‐Chien , Tsai Shih‐Fen , Lee Chih‐Hung , Wang Shu‐Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrenatal exposure to heavy metals may cause atopic diseases. Little association between cord blood total immunoglobulin E (CB‐tIgE) levels and the occurrence of atopic diseases has been found. This study investigated the atopic status and tIgE trajectory trend in a Taiwanese birth cohort over 15 years. We also assessed the effect of maternal heavy metal exposure on maternal serum cytokine and CB‐tIgE levels. We recruited 430 pregnant women during their third trimester in 2000–2001. Maternal urinary heavy metal concentrations and serum cytokine levels were measured. The CB‐tIgE and serum tIgE levels of the women’s children when they were aged 5, 8, 11, and 14 years were measured. The upper quartile of the maternal urinary arsenic concentration was associated with an increased risk of a CB‐tIgE level higher than 1 IU/mL (odds ratio, 1.845; 95% confidence interval, 1.003–3.395). Serum tIgE trajectory levels were the highest in children with asthma, followed by those with atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis at the age of 5–14 years. Serum tIgE levels tended to peak at the age of 11 years in the atopic children but were stable from the age of 8 years in the non‐atopic children. We first demonstrated that serum tIgE levels reached a trajectory peak in the atopic children aged 11 years. Prenatal exposure to arsenic may increase the risk of elevated CB‐tIgE levels. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the mechanism through which maternal serum cytokines affect the occurrence of atopic diseases in children.
Local climate adaptations in two ubiquitous Mojave Desert shrub species, Ambrosia dumosa and Larrea tridentata
Authors: Custer Nathan A. , Schwinning Susanne , DeFalco Lesley A. , Esque Todd C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Widely distributed species are often locally adapted to climate gradients across their ranges. But little is known about the patterns of intraspecific adaptation in desert shrubs.

We examined the questions of local adaptation in multiple populations of two common shrub species of the winter‐wet Mojave Desert in North America in a multiple common garden experiment. Plants were raised in the greenhouse and transplanted at the age of 1 year. Ambrosia dumosa is a drought‐deciduous low shrub and Larrea tridentata is an exceptionally long‐lived evergreen. Over 4 years, we monitored growth, survivorship, leaf and reproductive cover and once measured leaf N content, δ13C and SLA. We hypothesized that populations of both species would be differentiated along a growth–survivorship trade‐off according to homesite aridity.

Both species exhibited previously undocumented population differences along gradients of winter precipitation and temperature. In general, populations from more winter‐mesic regions had faster growth in more mesic gardens and lower survivorship in the most arid garden. Homesites with more variable summer precipitation had greater growth for A. dumosa populations, but lower growth for L. tridentata. Among L. tridentata populations, leaf cover correlated positively with growth and negatively with survival time. For A. dumosa populations, growth and survival could not be attributed to specific traits across gardens. However, larger transplants had generally lower growth rates and higher survival rates across gardens, except in the driest garden, where the population averages of intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and stem growth rate were positively correlated.

Synthesis. Two dominant species of the Mojave Desert adapted locally to variation in winter and summer precipitation and temperature. They did so in different ways, suggesting that L. tridentata mitigated the risk of hydraulic failure, while A. dumosa optimized carbon assimilation for growth.
Australian Mobility Report Cards: Which Universities Admit the Most Disadvantaged Students?
Authors: Leigh Andrew 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTertiary education has a vital role to play in fostering social mobility. To assess the extent to which Australian universities enrol disadvantaged students, I use two measures of disadvantage: neighbourhood characteristics and individual characteristics, and compare higher education institutions. Neighbourhood metrics appear to be a poor proxy for individual disadvantage. Yet even so, some institutions stand out as more effective pathways for disadvantaged students. I conclude with some recommendations for improving data quality, education policy and evaluation in order to make Australian universities more effective engines of social mobility.