bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Discontinuation Syndrome
Authors: Finfgeld Deborah L 
Published: April 2021

VIGNETTE
Robert had been taking paroxetine for depression and anxiety, and his symptoms appeared well controlled after 10 weeks of treatment. Despite his improvement, Robert developed some concerns related to his sexual performance. Based on information gleaned from a magazine article, Robert suspected his antidepressant medication may be causing the problem. Without consulting his nurse practitioner, he stopped taking his medication. By the end of the second day of discontinuation, Robert was experiencing dizziness and anxiety. Fearing that his original symptoms were reoccurring, he resumed taking his paroxetine as prescribed, and the symptoms abated. When he told his nurse practitioner what had happened, she suspected Robert experienced selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation syndrome.
Photorefractive Keratectomy in 202 Myopic Eyes: One Year Results
Authors: Kim Jae Ho , Hahn Tae Won , Lee Young Chun , Joo Cheon Ki , Sah Woo Jin 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We performed one-step procedures of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with the use of the excimer laser (193 nm) on 1519 myopic eyes during 1 year. From this group, we prospectively evaluated visual and refractive results of 202 (13%) consecutive myopic eyes that were followed for more than 1 year. Myopic eyes were divided into two groups according to the amount of myopia: group I, 135 eyes, 87 patients, less than -7.00 D, and group II, 67 eyes, 48 patients (-7.25 D to - 13.50 D). The excimer laser system used was the ExciMed 200UV (Summit Technology, Ine, Waltham, Mass), the one-step computer program was fixed at a maximum ablation up to -6.00 D correction.
Uncorrected visual acuity of 20/25 or better was achieved In 89.6% of eyes in group 1 and 47.8% in group II at 1 year. Best spectacle corrected visual acuity was equal to, or better than, the preoperative level in 93.8% of eyes.
The difference between attempted and achieved refractive correction was within ± 1 .00 D in 91 .4% in group I, and 51 .7% In group II. The mean reduction of manifest (spherical equivalent) refraction In group Il was 6.84 D at 1 year. Keratometric readings and central corneal thickness showed gradual changes until 6 months after surgery. Corneal haze disappeared in most of eyes at 1 year. The most common subjective complaint was glare and/or decreased vision at night or under dim light. We think that the excimer laser PRK is a very predictable and effective method to correct myopia under -7.00 D. But myopic eyes with more than -7.00 D, might require two-step (repeated) procedures of PRK. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S11-S16.)
Effect of Centering Excimer Laser PRK on Refractive Results: A Corneal Topography Study
Authors: Spadea Leopoldo , Sabetti Lelio , Balestrazzi Emilio 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Computer-assisted analysis of corneal topography, using an EyeSys Corneal Analysis System instrument, was performed on 20 normally sighted human eyes that underwent excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to correct high myopia from 6.00 to 17.00 D (mean 10.90 ±.SD 2.90 D). Ablations utilized one or two zones, at a single time, with an ExciMed UV200 193-nanometer excimer laser (Summit Technology, Ine, Waltham, Mass). Mean follow up was 28.9 weeks (±13). Decentered treatment caused an average error of 1.06 D in the attempted refractive result. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S22-S25.)
Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia from 6.00 D to 10.00 D
Authors: Buratto Lucio , Ferrari Massimo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Surgical correction of mild and high myopia using excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) remains controversial. We present a retrospective study of 40 consecutive PRK procedures performed to reduce myopia ranging from -6.00 D to - 10.00 D. Postoperative follow up was 24 months. The mean preoperative spheroequivalent refraction was -8.12 ±1.52 D; postoperatively it was -2.31 ±1.25 D. In 26 of 40 eyes (65%) we observed a regression of the refraction effect after 6 months. In 85% of eyes a persistent corneal haze ( + 1 grading) was observed at the end of follow up. Photorefractive keratectomy to correct or reduce mild or high myopia is simple ana safe but had poor predictability and significant refractive regression in this series. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S34-S36.)
Contrast Sensitivity Under Photopic Conditions in Photorefractive Keratectomy: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Esente S , Passarelli N , Falco L , Passani F , Guidi D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In order to control and quantify the quality of vision after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)1-4 we tested 21 treated eyes with contrast sensitivity.5-9 (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S70S72.)
Halos-A Problem for All Myopes? A Comparison Between Spectacles, Contact Lenses, and Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Lohmann Chris P , Fitzke Fred W , O'Brart David , Muir Malcolm Kerr , Marshall John 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
After photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using excimer lasers (193 nm) many patients report the presence of halos around light sources at night. However, halos are not unique to PRK patients, as they are a common observation in myopic contact lens wearers.
We present an objective measurement of the halos using a computerized technique. The patient fixated on a red cross within a white circle in the center of a video monitor which served as the halo source. The screen surrounding the circle was not illuminated. The operator controlled the movement of the white spot and moved the spot toward the halo source until the subject indicated when the cursor was at the outer parameter of the halo. Measurements were made at 30° intervals around the halo source and expressed as square degrees.
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy in Corneal Diseases
Authors: Förster Werner , Grewe Stephan , Atzler Ulrich , Lunecke Christian , Busse Holger 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present our clinical strategy to treat corneal diseases with the excimer laser. Nine eyes with recurrent erosion after trauma, three eyes with band keratopathy, and one eye with secondary crystalline deposits and a leukoma adherens after perforating injury underwent excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK). The patients with recurrent erosion had at least six episodes in the 12 months, the other patients suffered from severe pain. The recurrent erosions were treated with 15 pulses (193 nm, 180 mJ/cm2, 10 Hz) after removing the epithelium. There was only one new episode within 6 months after treatment in a patient who failed to follow the postoperative therapeutic regimen. In the patients with band keratopathy we removed the calcium deposits mechanically and then used masking fluids to obtain a smooth surface. The crystalline deposits in the patient with leukoma adherens could be removed but recurred after 4 months; the patient still suffered from glare. (Refractive and Corneal Surgery (suppl) 1993;9:S85-S90.)
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy: Strategies and Results in 12 Eyes
Authors: Hersh Peter S , Spinak Andrew , Garrana Randa , Mayers Martin 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
As part ot a multicenter study of excimer laser procedures, we performed phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) on 12 eyes In 11 patients. Three eyes had superficial corneal scarring, two Salzmann's degeneration, two Reis-Bückler's dystrophy; and one each with recurrent lattice dystrophy in a corneal graft, band keratopathy, recurrent erosion syndrome, after pterygium scarring, and contact-lens related keratopathy. Indications for treatment included poor visual acuity, severe glare symptoms, ocular surface discomfort, recurrent erosions, and monocular diplopia. Follow up ranged from 1 to 4 months. Best spectacle corrected visual acuity Improved in ten eyes with no eyes suffering loss of best spectacle corrected visual acuity. A hyperopic refractive shift was found in eight of 12 treated eyes. Corneal surface regularity improved in six of 12 eyes and worsened in one eye as measured by computerized corneal topographic analysis. Ten patients (11 eyes) noted improvement in their visual perception and subjective symptoms. We review various strategies of phototherapeutic keratectomy designed to treat particular corneal disorders: patient selection criteria to optimize clinical outcome are reviewed as well. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:$90-S95.)
Photorefractive Keratectomy in 472 Eyes
Authors: Lavery Frank L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Between July 1990 and July 1992, 472 eyes were treated with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using the ExciMed UV200 193-nanometer excimer laser (Summit Technology, Inc. Watham, Mass). The sphere equivalent refractions ranged between - 1.25 and - 9.60 D, with less than 1 .25 D of astigmatism. Eyes with refractive error up to -6.00 D were treated with a spherical ablation, as determined by the surgeon's decision and the algorithm built into the laser software. In this group, 92% had a refraction within 1.00 D of intended correction.
Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia: 6-Month Results in 95 Eyes
Authors: Tutton Miles K , Ramsell Terry G , Garston J Bernard , Tolia Jiten J , Banerjee Dipak K , Adhikary Hari P , Birch Michael , Cherry Paul M H , Neave Christopher G , Fichte Claus M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Ninety-five eyes of 91 patients with myopia from -1.00 to -6.00 D (mean -3.40 D, ±1.2) were treated with an ExciMed UV200LA 193-nanometer excimer laser (Summit Technology, Inc. Waltham, Mass) (with version 5.5 software) with a 5-millimeter ablation zone. At 6 months, 67 eyes (70%) were within ±0.50 D, 84 eyes (88%) were within ± 1.00 D, and 94 eyes (99%) were within ±2.00 D. There was an average overcorrection of + 0.25 D which had decreased to +0.18 D by 9 months. Best spectacle corrected visual acuity was 6/6 or better in 88 eyes (94%) and six eyes (6%) had a corrected visual acuity of 6/9. Fifty percent of eyes had slight astigmatism (mean 0.68 D, range 0.25 to 2.00 D) and this reduced to 0.33D (0.02>p>0.01) at 6 months. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S103-S104.)
Holmium:YAG Laser Thermokeratoplasty for Hyperopia and Astigmatism: An Overview
Authors: Thompson Vance M , Seiler Theo , Durrie Daniel S , Cavanaugh Timothy B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The holmium:YAG laser can be used to perform corneal collagen shrinkage and treat refractive errors. Studies are underway for the treatment of hyperopia by shrinking collagen in the peripheral cornea, which produces central and paracentral steepening. There is initial overcorrection followed by a regression of effect postoperatively, which appears to stabilize 4 to 6 months postoperatively. Refinement of current nomograms and definition of the amount of expected regression will enhance its accuracy. The holmium:YAG laser may be superior to radial thermokeratoplasty with a hot needle.
Nearly 100 years ago, Lans was the first to report that heating of the cornea could induce collagen shrinkage with resultant corneal curvature changes.1 Various collagen shrinkage procedures have evolved since then. To date, the most wellknown form of collagen shrinkage involves the hot needle and a technique developed by Fyodorov to do radial thermokeratoplasty for hyperopia.2 This article will review the current state of holmium:YAG laser technology and the advantages it may provide over radial thermokeratoplasty. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S134-S137.)
Long-term Follow-up of Pediatric Epikeratophakia
Authors: Uusitalo Risto J , Uusitalo Hannu M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Epikeratophakia is a potentially reversible corneal surgical procedure that can correct refractive errors in children who are aphakic and poor candidates for intraocular lens implantation. The correction of aphakia in the pediatric population poses specific problems because of associated amblyopia.
METHODS: The clinical records of 61 consecutive patients (82 eyes) treated for pediatric aphakia by epikeratophakia were reviewed retrospectively with a follow-up of 3 to 5 years. For the purpose of analysis, the patients were divided into seven groups.
RESULTS: The overall success rate for epikeratophakia was 92%, but with repeated surgery, the patient success rate was 93%. The average refractive error at 1 year was +0.10 diopters (D). At 1 year, 68% of eyes had a refraction within 1 D of emmetropia. In these growing eyes, we documented an average myopic shift of -0.40 D during 4 years. A myopic shift occurred in 30.2% and a hyperopic shift in 9.4% of eyes. Spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 3 years showed 36% of eyes seeing 20/40 or better. Visual acuity results in different groups varied with the timing of epikeratophakia, density of amblyopia and parents' ability to maintain the patching schedule. The most encouraging results came from the treatment of monocular traumatic cataracts. In this group, 31% achieved visual acuities of 20/40 or better and 85% achieved 20/100 or better at final examination. Those with incomplete congenital cataracts also showed favorable results: 39% achieved 20/40 or better at final examination.
CONCLUSIONS: Follow-up of 3 to 5 years demonstrated that epikeratophakia can correct refractive errors safely and successfully in aphakic children, either as a primary procedure, or as a secondary procedure after cataract extraction. [J Refract Surg 1997;13:45-54]
Sutureless Homoplastic Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Elkins Brad S , Casebeer J Charles , Kezirian Guy M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Previously, penetrating keratoplasty has been used to treat corneal cap complications related to keratomileusis. We sought to develop a technique to avoid the unnecessary use of penetrating procedures for lamellar problems, that would be technically easier than standard lamellar keratoplasty-sutureless homoplastic lamellar keratoplasty.
METHODS: Five eyes with complications from automated lamellar keratoplasty underwent sutureless homoplastic lamellar keratoplasty utilizing an automated microkeratome and topical anesthesia.
RESULTS: Three of the five eyes had improved vision; two eyes with final visual acuities of 20/20 and 20/30. The two remaining eyes had poor host stromal beds and required penetrating keratoplasty. The mean follow-up time was 13 months (range 3 to 36 months). All lamellar grafts were clear and well-seated at the last postoperative examination.
CONCLUSION: Sutureless homoplastic lamellar keratoplasty is an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty in some eyes that have cap-related problems. [J Refract Surg 1997;13:185-187]
Posterior Chamber Silicone Phakic Intraocular Lens
Authors: Marinho António , Neves Manuel C , Pinto Maria C , Vaz Fernando 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We investigated the efficacy, safety, and stability of correction achieved with a silicone posterior chamber intraocular lens used to correct high myopia in phakic eyes.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A silicone posterior chamber plate-style intraocular lens (Chiron, Adatomed) was implanted in 38 consecutive phakic eyes with high myopia (-7.00 to -28.00 diopters (D) over a period of 21 months. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 24 months.
RESULTS: Three months after surgery, refractions in 27 eyes (71%) ranged from -1.00 to +1.00 D and remained stable thereafter. Spectaclecorrected visual acuity improved at least two lines in 24 eyes (63%), and none was lost in any eye. Patient satisfaction was high (92%). The few complications that occurred were mostly related to imperfections in the surgical technique rather than lack of biocompatibility of the lens. No cataract or other vision-threatening complication was present at the end of the study.
CONCLUSION: This silicone posterior chamber plate-style intraocular lens provides a reasonably predictable, safe, and stable means of correcting high myopia. [J Refract Surg 1997;13:219-222]
Prevalence of Myopia in Adults: Implications for Refractive Surgeons
Authors: McCarty Catherine A , Livingston Patricia M , Taylor Hugh R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We reviewed the research on the prevalence of myopia in the adult population to compare the refractive distribution of patients being treated with excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy to correct myopia, and assess the potential market for excimer laser surgery.
METHODS: All published reports of myopia prevalence in adults were reviewed, as well as the prevalence in the Melbourne "Visual Impairment Project and the distribution of refractive errors treated by the Melbourne Excimer Laser Group in 1994.
RESULTS: A large population-based study of people aged 4 to 74 years in the U.S. showed that 43% had low myopia (less than -5.00 diopters (D)), 3.2% had high myopia (-5.01 to -10.00 D), and 0.2% had extreme myopia (more than -10.00 D). In Asian populations these proportions may be much higher and in African and Pacific island groups, much lower. In the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project, we found the prevalence of low myopia was 21%, high myopia 2%, and extreme myopia 0.3%. A single excimer laser has operated for 3 years in Melbourne. Of those treated, 45% had low myopia, 42% high myopia, and 13% extreme myopia. Compared to low myopes, high myopes were ten times (OR: 9.8; Confidence interval: 6.69 to 12.91) more likely to have excimer laser treatment and extreme myopes were 16 times (OR: 16.40; Confidence interval: 12.53 to 20.27) more likely.
CONCLUSIONS: Although there are many more people with lower amounts of myopia in the population and the clinical results have been more predictable after one procedure in this group, the perceived benefits of excimer laser treatment may be greater for those with higher amounts of myopia, thus influencing their decision to undergo excimer laser surgery to correct their myopia. There is clearly a large market potential for excimer laser surgery in people with low myopia. [J Refract Surg 1997;13:229-234]
Comparison of Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing after Photorefractive Keratectomy in the Rabbit with Two Types of Excimer Lasers
Authors: Hamberg-Nyström Heléne , van Setten G-B , Fagerholm Per 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the differences in epithelial wound healing following photorefractive keratectomy when performed with the Summit UV 200 LA and the VISX 20/20 excimer lasers.
METHODS: Sixteen New Zealand rahhits were divided into two groups. One group was treated with the Summit laser and the other group treated with the VISX 20/20 laser. The treatment consisted of a -6.00 diopter photorefractive keratectomy with a 5-mm diameter treatment zone. Epithelial wound healing was followed by photography at 4 hour intervals for 64 hours. The length of the wound edge and the size, shape, and closure time of the wound were measured.
RESULTS: The median wound edge length at 4 hours was 18.3 mm for the Summit laser and 16.7 mm for the VISX laser. The median wound size at 4 hours was 22.0 mm2 for the Summit and 21.2 mm2 for the VISX The median wound closure time was 53.4 hours for the Summit laser and 54.0 hours for the VISX laser.
CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant difference in the epithelial healing of rabbit corneal wounds created by photorefractive keratectomy when performed with two current ophthalmic excimer lasers, the Summit UV 200 LA and the VISX 20/20. [J Refract Surg 1997;13:263-267]
Increased Corneal Scarring after Phototherapeutic Keratectomy in Fuchs' Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Alaa Mohammed , Waring George O , Malaty Amin , Grossniklaus Hans 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: A 63-year-old female with Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy, stromal edema and subepithelial scarring was inappropriately treated with phototherapeutic keratectomy, leading to a central focal circular corneal scar and decreased visual acuity that required penetrating keratoplasty.
METHOD: The host corneal button was bisected and fixed in 10% formaldehyde and in glutaraldehyde immediately after its removal.
RESULTS: Light microscopy demonstrated a central area of absent Bowman's layer with a thin layer of subepithelial fibrosis, stromal corneal edema, and thickened Descemet's membrane.
CONCLUSION: Correct estimation of differential ablation rates of tissue and shallow, repeated ablations followed by slit-lamp microscopy and/or videokeratography help prevent over-treatment.
[J Refract Surg 1997;13:308-310]
Excimer Laser In Situ Keratomileusis to Correct Compound Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: El Danasoury M Alaa , Waring George O , El Maghraby Akef , Mehrez Kamal 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We studied the efficacy, predicability, stability, and safety of excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) to correct myopia and astigmatism.
METHODS: We prospectively studied 87 consecutive eyes of 56 patients who received LASIK, divided into two groups: the myopic group included eyes with myopia more than -2.00 diopters (D) and astigmatism less than 0.50 D and the astigmatism group included eyes with myopia of more than -2.00 D and astigmatism of 0.50 D or more. The Chiron automated corneal shaper and the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser were used in all eyes. A modified personal nomogram was used in all eyes. The changes in refractive sphere and cylinder, and complications were studied at 2 and 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Preoperatively, the mean spherical equivalent refraction was -4.41 D (range, -2.25 to -7.25; SD, 1.74) in the myopia group and -5.79 D (range, -2.25 to -15.50 D; SD, 2.45) in the astigmatism group. The mean spherical component of the refraction was -4.39 D (range, -2.25 to -7.25; SD, 1.74) in the myopia group and -5.19 D (range, -2.00 to -14.00; SD, 2.32) in the astigmatism group. The mean refractive cylinder was 1.19 D (range, 0.5 to 3.00 D; SD, 0.62) in the astigmatism group.
RESULTS: At 12 months, 81 eyes (93.6%) of 51 patients were examined; the mean spherical equivalent refraction was -0.43 D (range, +0.50 to -1.25 D; SD, 0.35) in the myopia group and -0.33 D (range, +1.25 to -2.13 D; SD, 0.52) in the astigmatism group. The mean spherical component of the refraction at 12 months was -0.33 D (range, +0.50 to -1.25 D; SD, 0.33) in the myopia group and -0.17 D (range, +1.50 to -1.50; SD, 0.48) in the astigmatism group. The mean refractive cylinder was 0.19 D (range, 0 to 0.75 D; SD, 0.25) in the myopia group and 0.32 D (range, 0 to 1.25 D; SD, 0.30) in the astigmatism group. The mean change in spherical equivalent refraction between 6 weeks and 12 months after surgery was -0.08 D toward myopia (range, -0.50 to -0.75 D; SD, 0.23) in both groups. No eyes lost two or more lines of spectacle-corrected visual acuity. Patient satisfaction was high in both groups. Complications included undercorrection that necessitated reoperation (three eyes), overcorrection (two eyes), and small disc diameter (one eye). No vision threatening complications were observed.
CONCLUSION: LASIK with the Nidek EC5000 laser is effective, reasonably predictable, stable, and safe for correction of compound myopic astigmatism with a spherical component between -2.00 and -14.00 D, and a cylindrical component between 0.50 and 3.00 D using the techniques in this study. Astigmatism is undercorrected with the current algorithm. Correction of higher amounts of astigmatism requires further study. [J Refract Surg 1997;13:511-520]