bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of fluoride using fly ash adsorbent
Authors: Chandraker Neeraj , Jyoti Ghoshna , Singh Thakur Raghwendra , Kumar Chaudhari Parmesh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFlouride (F) content in groundwater above 1.5 mg/L is a serious concern all over the world due to adverse health effects beyond that concentration. Hence, apart from its monitoring, an effective and low-cost removal technique is necessary. In this work, the removal of fluoride using fly ash has been studied. Batch adsorption studies, using laboratory shaker, were performed to examine the effect of pH in the range 2-10, adsorbent size (0.225 mm, 0.45 mm, and 0.90 mm), and adsorbent dose, varied from 2-6 g/L, for a contact time of 4 hours in all the experiments. The optimum condition for the F” removal was observed as pH:5, adsorbent size:0.225 mm and adsorbent dose: 5 mg/L, providing 67.20 % F“removal from the solution. Different kinetic models were tested and it was found that adsorption kinetics is of Pseudo second order and Elovich type. The study showed that fly ash can be effectively used for fluoride removal from water.
Environmental issues in karst terrain: an example from Central India
Authors: Singh Amit K , Jhariya D C , Singh Neelratan , Singh Yamuna , Dubey D P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an attempt has been made to highlight the nature of karst in central India and evaluate possible effects of environmental degradation of groundwater due to indiscriminate disposal of various types of wastes into karst terrains without subjecting them to any treatment before disposal. Karst features associated with carbonate rocks of the Proterozoic Vindhyan basin in central India and environmental issues related to the same area’s groundwater resources are briefly given. Based on the process of formation, karst may be categorized as True karst (holo-karst) and (ii) Fluvial karst. On the other hand, based on the types of cover, karsts are classified into three types: (i) Covered karst, (ii) Soddy karst, and (iii) Buried karst. Three types of karst landforms identified in carbonates rocks of the Vindhyans are (i) Superficial landforms (Karren), produced mainly by solution action on the rock surfaces, (ii) Landforms due to fluvial erosion, and (iii) Underground landforms, i.e., Caves. In a particular hydrogeologic setting, the groundwater system consists of minor secondary porosity modified by solution activities. Accordingly, two types of groundwater flow systems (diffuse and conduit) occur in carbonate rocks. Due to karstification, limestones constitute the most productive aquifer in the area. It is noted that untreated municipal and industrial wastes are disposed of directly in surface water bodies and streams and associated sinkhole depressions in limestone terrain. Secondary openings being interconnected with each other gradually carry these pollutants to groundwater reservoirs in karst aquifers. The continued influx of pollutants to groundwater reservoirs through interconnected secondary voids would cause severe groundwater pollution in the long run and degrade the groundwater quality in karst aquifers for various usages.
Experimental and numerical study on hydraulic characteristics of multi-level intake for diversion project
Authors: Wang Y H , Wang B , Lv Y C , Bao Z J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Multi-level intake as an inlet of diversions has the advantage of selective withdrawal. To further understand the hydraulic characteristics of this inlet hydraulic structure, experimental model test and numerical simulation were carried out. The results of this study show that the water flow in the diversion channel is stable, and the flow pattern in the lock chamber section is disordered. In addition, the pressure near the entrance of the tunnel is linear, and the water head loss of the upper layer is the largest. Further, the formation of potential vortex flow can be prevented by controlling and scheduling. The results presented in the current work provide new insights into the hydraulics of flow in stratified intake structure and can be used in the design and operation of similar hydraulic projects.
Management tool of urban sustainable development: establishment of an economy-resources-environment system dynamics model
Authors: Feng X , Cao G H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Economy-Resources-Environment (ERE) system is considered as a complex component for sustaining the urban development. System dynamics (SD) is a method to explain the behavior of complex component. According to the conceptual framework of urban sustainable development, this paper takes Chongqing of China as case study to develop an ERE-SD model for simulating the feedback process of economic development with resource restriction and environmental degradation. Firstly, conceptual framework and structure of ERE-SD model is established, and model test is carried out. Secondly, five scenarios, named natural growth, resource restriction, environment protection, smart development and economy, are selected to forecast the future results. Finally, the optimization scenario is selected for improving urban sustainable development. The results illustrate that the GDP level in five scenarios decreases in the following sequence: economy -, economy +, smart development, environment protection, resource restriction, economy -, natural growth; the net GDP level in five scenarios decreases in the following sequence: economy +, resource restriction, smart development, environment protection, economy -, natural growth. The adjustment of the economic development path is necessary to access sustainable development in Chongqing.
Singular and regular vortices on top of a background pulled to the center
Authors: Chen Zhaopin , Malomed Boris A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A recent analysis has revealed singular but physically relevant localized two-dimensional vortex states with density ∼r
−4/3 at

r
→
0

and a convergent total norm, which are maintained by the interplay of the potential of the attraction to the center, ∼−r
−2, and a self-repulsive quartic nonlinearity, produced by the Lee-Huang-Yang correction to the mean-field dynamics of Bose–Einstein condensates. In optics, a similar setting, with the density singularity ∼r
−1, is realized with the help of quintic self-defocusing. Here we present physically relevant antidark singular-vortex states in these systems, existing on top of a flat background. Numerical solutions for them are very accurately approximated by the Thomas–Fermi wave function. Their stability exactly obeys an analytical criterion derived from the consideration of small perturbations. The singular-vortex states exist as well in the case when the effective potential is weakly repulsive. It is demonstrated that the singular vortices can be excited by the input in the form of the ordinary nonsingular vortices, hence the singular modes can be created in the experiment. We also consider regular (dark) vortices maintained by the flat background, under the action of the repulsive central potential ∼+r
−2. The dark modes with vorticities l = 0 and 1 are completely stable. In the case when the central potential is attractive, but the effective one, which includes the centrifugal term, is repulsive, and, in addition, a weak trapping potential ∼r
2 is applied, dark vortices with l = 1 feature an intricate pattern of alternating stability and instability regions. Under the action of the instability, states with l = 1 travel along tangled trajectories, which stay in a finite area defined by the trap. The analysis is also reported for dark vortices with l = 2, which feature a complex structure of alternating intervals of stability and instability against splitting. Lastly, simple but novel flat vortices are found at the border between the anidark and dark ones.
Talking to multi-morbid patients about critical illness: an evolving conversation
Authors: Puthucheary Zudin A , Osman Magda , Harvey Dan J R , McNelly Angela S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConversations around critical illness outcomes and benefits from intensive care unit (ICU) treatment have begun to shift away from binary discussions on living versus dying. Increasingly, the reality of survival with functional impairment versus survival with a late death is being recognised as relevant to patients.Most ICU admissions are associated with new functional and cognitive disabilities that are significant and long lasting. When discussing outcomes, clinicians rightly focus on patients’ wishes and the quality of life (QoL) that they would find acceptable. However, patients’ views may encompass differing views on acceptable QoL post-critical illness, not necessarily reflected in standard conversations.Maintaining independence is a greater priority to patients than simple survival. QoL post-critical illness determines judgments on the benefits of ICU support but translating this into clinical practice risks potential conflation of health outcomes and QoL.This article discusses the concept of response shift and the implication for trade-offs between number/length of invasive treatments and change in physical function or death. Conversations need to delineate how health outcomes (e.g. tracheostomy, muscle wasting, etc.) may affect individual outcomes most relevant to the patient and hence impact overall QoL.The research strategy taken to explore decision-making for critically ill patients might benefit from gathering qualitative data, as a complement to quantitative data. Patients, families and doctors are motivated by far wider considerations, and a consultation process should relate to more than the simple likelihood of mortality in a shared decision-making context.
Darkness at Noon: On History, Narrative, and Domestic Violence
Authors: Neumeyer Joy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This essay is inspired by my experience of domestic violence while earning a PhD in Russian history. It applies the philosophy of history to escaping abuse, when crafting a compelling account becomes a matter of survival. As a scholar, I had taken my right to tell the story for granted; as a survivor, I could produce evidence about what happened, but other judges would weave it together to make meaning. The essay attempts to reconcile the conception of history as literature with the need to seek truth and justice. It also considers the role of narrative in the #MeToo movement and the Title IX system.
“The Vanished Power of the Usual Reign”: Jackson Lears, No Place of Grace, and the Struggle for Hegemony in History
Authors: Seal Andrew 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This reappraisal essay on Jackson Lears’s No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of American Culture, 1880–1920 (1981) considers the book’s substantial but diffuse influence among historians by examining it against the background of, and in conversation with, the new social history. The success of this subfield in the 1970s and—while morphing into cultural history—the 1980s created professional as well as theoretical problems for practitioners of “old fashioned” history, especially for intellectual historians. Especially confounding was the question of how to theorize the transmission of ideas from intellectual or cultural elites to the rest of society. “History from the bottom up” had posited far more cultural and intellectual autonomy for the subaltern classes than intellectual historians could grant without fundamental changes in method as well as choices of what to write about. No Place of Grace cut through this problem with an array of new theoretical and rhetorical moves, elevating the concept of cultural hegemony to an essential role in the further analysis of elite transmission of ideas. This essay ends by considering the effects of this conceptual breakthrough, including the costs of focusing on subtler forms of domination over the raw effects of physical force and material inequality.
Inter-lateral Referral of Sensation in Health and Disease Using a Mirror Illusion—A Scoping Review
Authors: Hagenberg Annegret , Lambert Dave G , Jussab Shifa , Maltby John , Robinson Thompson G 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivePerception of touch is expected at the location where it is applied. However, there are indications that being touched may be perceived on the contralateral side when seen as a reflection in a mirror at midline. Such inter-lateral referral of sensation (RS) lacks evidence, as mirror therapy research usually focusses on movement-based techniques. This study aimed to map out existing research across disciplines regarding the effect of RS in health and disease, and to understand whether there is rehabilitation potential in RS.MethodA scoping review was conducted to map out concepts and keywords across disciplines interested in this topic, using keywords in several languages, and a wide range of databases and additional sources.ResultsThe review revealed mostly cross-sectional experiments and included over 486 participants: healthy, or with stroke, complex regional pain syndrome, amputation, nerve graft surgery or radial fracture. Procedures varied regarding stimulation tool, time and location, with two stimulating replacements, one the face and one a variety of areas. Response rates ranged from 0 to 100%.In general, RS was regarded as a phenomenon or even as a predictor of maladaptive neuroplasticity. There was little research into using RS stimulation as a modulatory tool to improve sensory perception.ConclusionsRS challenges the understanding of touch perception and elicits a range of questions regarding neuro-processing. A modulatory approach using RS has not been described, requires investigation and, if promising, development as an intervention.
Strong sexual selection fails to protect against inbreeding-driven extinction in a moth
Authors: Parrett Jonathan M , Ghobert Veronica , Cullen Fenn S , Knell Robert J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sexual selection is predicted to influence population persistence because skew in male reproductive success may facilitate the purging of mutation load. We manipulated the strength of sexual selection in populations of Indian meal moths, Plodia interpunctella, by adjusting adult sex ratios to be either male- or female-biased, leading to strong and weak sexual selection in males, respectively. After between 19 and 22 generations of experimental evolution, we examined whether mutation load differed between these populations by enforcing successive generations of inbreeding, tracking extinction events, offspring viability and assaying the effect of inbreeding on male mating success and female choice. We found no effect of the strength of sexual selection on the rate of extinction or offspring viability. We did, however, find changes in both male mating success and female choice, with both being influenced by the sex ratio treatment and the number of generations of inbreeding. Males from male-biased populations were more successful at mating with stock females, and mating success declined rapidly with inbreeding regardless of sex ratio treatment. Females from male-biased populations were less likely to mate with stock males at the onset of the experiment, but tended to mate more frequently with increasing inbreeding compared to females from female-biased populations. Our results demonstrate that while mating behaviors have diverged between male-biased and female-biased lines mutation loads remained similar. This suggests that the benefits of sexual selection to population fitness may be low or slow to accumulate under the benign environmental conditions in which these populations evolved.
Inferring the experimental design for accurate gene regulatory network inference
Authors: Seçilmiş Deniz , Hillerton Thomas , Nelander Sven , Sonnhammer Erik L L 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMotivationAccurate inference of gene regulatory interactions is of importance for understanding the mechanisms of underlying biological processes. For gene expression data gathered from targeted perturbations, gene regulatory network (GRN) inference methods that use the perturbation design are the top performing methods. However, the connection between the perturbation design and gene expression can be obfuscated due to problems, such as experimental noise or off-target effects, limiting the methods’ ability to reconstruct the true GRN.ResultsIn this study, we propose an algorithm, IDEMAX, to infer the effective perturbation design from gene expression data in order to eliminate the potential risk of fitting a disconnected perturbation design to gene expression. We applied IDEMAX to synthetic data from two different data generation tools, GeneNetWeaver and GeneSPIDER, and assessed its effect on the experiment design matrix as well as the accuracy of the GRN inference, followed by application to a real dataset. The results show that our approach consistently improves the accuracy of GRN inference compared to using the intended perturbation design when much of the signal is hidden by noise, which is often the case for real data.Availability and implementationhttps://bitbucket.org/sonnhammergrni/idemax.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Clustering FunFams using sequence embeddings improves EC purity
Authors: Littmann Maria , Bordin Nicola , Heinzinger Michael , Schütze Konstantin , Dallago Christian , Orengo Christine , Rost Burkhard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMotivationClassifying proteins into functional families can improve our understanding of protein function and can allow transferring annotations within one family. For this, functional families need to be ‘pure’, i.e., contain only proteins with identical function. Functional Families (FunFams) cluster proteins within CATH superfamilies into such groups of proteins sharing function. 11% of all FunFams (22 830 of 203 639) contain EC annotations and of those, 7% (1526 of 22 830) have inconsistent functional annotations.ResultsWe propose an approach to further cluster FunFams into functionally more consistent sub-families by encoding their sequences through embeddings. These embeddings originate from language models transferring knowledge gained from predicting missing amino acids in a sequence (ProtBERT) and have been further optimized to distinguish between proteins belonging to the same or a different CATH superfamily (PB-Tucker). Using distances between embeddings and DBSCAN to cluster FunFams and identify outliers, doubled the number of pure clusters per FunFam compared to random clustering. Our approach was not limited to FunFams but also succeeded on families created using sequence similarity alone. Complementing EC annotations, we observed similar results for binding annotations. Thus, we expect an increased purity also for other aspects of function. Our results can help generating FunFams; the resulting clusters with improved functional consistency allow more reliable inference of annotations. We expect this approach to succeed equally for any other grouping of proteins by their phenotypes.Availability and implementationCode and embeddings are available via GitHub: https://github.com/Rostlab/FunFamsClustering.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ProteoMill: efficient network-based functional analysis portal for proteomics data
Authors: Rydén Martin , Englund Martin , Ali Neserin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Summary
Functional analysis has become a common approach to incorporate biological knowledge into the analysis of omics data, and to explore molecular events that govern a disease state. It is though only one step in a wider analytical pipeline that typically requires use of multiple individual analysis software. There is currently a need for a well-integrated omics analysis tool that performs all the steps. The ProteoMill portal is developed as an R Shiny application and integrates all necessary steps from data-upload, converting identifiers, to quality control, differential expression and network-based functional analysis into a single fast, interactive easy to use workflow. Further, it maintains annotation data sources up to date, overcoming a common problem with use of outdated information and seamlessly integrates multiple R-packages for an improved user-experience. The functionality provided in this software can benefit researchers by facilitating the exploratory analysis of proteomics data.

Availability and implementation
ProteoMill is available at https://proteomill.com.
Social Work under COVID-19: A Thematic Analysis of Articles in ‘SW2020 under COVID-19 Magazine’
Authors: Sen Robin , Kerr Christian , MacIntyre Gillian , Featherstone Brid , Gupta Anna , Quinn-Aziz Abyd 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article presents a thematic analysis of 100 articles which appeared in ‘SW2020 under COVID-19’ online magazine, authored by people with lived experience, practitioners, students and academics. The magazine was founded by an editorial collective of the authors of this article and ran as a free online magazine during the period of the first UK COVID-19 lockdown period (March–July 2020). It contained a far higher proportion of submissions from the first three groups of contributors, above, than traditional journals. The analysis is organised under four analytic themes: ‘Hidden populations; Life, loss and hope; Practising differently and Policy and system change’. The article concludes by describing the apparent divergence between accounts that primarily suggest evidence of improved working relationships between social workers and those they serve via digital practices, and accounts suggesting that an increasingly authoritarian social work practice has emerged under COVID-19. We argue that, notwithstanding this divergence, an upsurge in activism within social work internationally during the pandemic provides a basis for believing that the emergence of a community-situated, socially engaged social work is possible post-pandemic.
Educating Social Workers in the Midst of COVID-19: The Value of a Principles-led Approach to Designing Educational Experiences during the Pandemic
Authors: Crisp Beth R , Stanford Sonya , Moulding Nicole 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSocial work education in Australia in the midst of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) would not have been possible under our pre-pandemic accreditation standards due to assumptions about best practice in higher education that were not possible to enact during the pandemic. Rather than immediately arguing for a new set of standards, as Heads of Social Work programmes the authors of this paper promoted a principles-led approach to inform ‘the right’ way—in an ethical sense—of ensuring social work education could continue in Australia during the pandemic. This meant conceptualising the challenges of delivering social work education in a pandemic as being not only practical but also ethical in their nature. Using examples of how this approach guided the design of adaptive online teaching and field education placements at our universities, we consider the future possibilities for ethical and rules-based governance approaches to social work education. How students learn is changing and what they are learning will help them respond to the immediate and future needs arising from the pandemic. As such, rather than having their education compromised by COVID-19, social work students at the time of the pandemic and into the future may in fact benefit from the changes that have emerged during this period.
BNT162b2 Messenger RNA Vaccination Did Not Prevent an Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variant 501Y.V2 in an Elderly Nursing Home but Reduced Transmission and Disease Severity
Authors: Bailly Benoit , Guilpain Luc , Bouiller Kevin , Chirouze Catherine , N’Debi Melissa , Soulier Alexandre , Demontant Vanessa , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , Rodriguez Christophe , Fourati Slim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 501Y.V2 in a nursing home. All nonvaccinated residents (5/5) versus half of those vaccinated with BNT162b2 (13/26) were infected. Two of 13 vaccinated versus 4 of 5 nonvaccinated residents presented severe disease. BNT162b2 did not prevent the outbreak, but reduced transmission and disease severity.