bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping and modeling within-tree variation for loblolly pine pulp yield and lignin content
Authors: Schimleck Laurence R. , Antony Finto , Mora Christian , Dahlen Joseph 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe examined the within-tree variation of pulp yield and lignin content for loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.) trees aged 13 and 22 years. Radial trends in pulp yield (increase) and lignin (decrease) were consistent with what would be expected for loblolly pine as were changes in properties related to maturation. Maps, based on the average of 18 trees at each age, depicting pulp yield variation within-tree were similar to loblolly pine maps reported for microfibril angle and stiffness, while lignin maps resembled the inverse of those reported for density and related properties. Mixed-effects models for both properties were developed with the base model for pulp yield explaining 64% of the observed variation, with the inclusion of tree height improving the model slightly, whereas models for lignin content explained 44% of the variability. The models could be incorporated into growth and yield prediction systems, or procurement model systems that predict within-tree wood properties based on age and tree size.
Socioeconomic Status Moderates the Impact of Emotional but not Physical Childhood Abuse on Women’s Sleep
Authors: Currie Cheryl L. , Higa Erin K. , Swanepoel Lisa-Marie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA recent systematic review highlighted associations between childhood abuse and adult sleep quality, and the need for research focused specifically on women and the role of moderating variables. The objectives of the present study were (1) to assess the impact of frequent physical and emotional child abuse on adult sleep among women; and (2) to assess the role that childhood socioeconomic status (SES) could play in moderating these associations. In-person data were collected from women living in a mid-sized city in western Canada in 2019–2020 (N = 185; M age = 40 years). Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Physical and emotional abuse experienced often or very often in childhood were assessed using single items (yes or no). Childhood SES was assessed by a single item and dichotomized at the sample median. Linear regression models examined associations between each form of abuse and continuous adult sleep quality score adjusted for covariates. Statistically significant interactions were stratified and examined by child SES group. Frequent physical and emotional childhood abuse were each associated with clinically and statistically significant increases in past-month sleep problem scores among women in adjusted models. This association was moderated by childhood SES for emotional child abuse, but not physical child abuse. Findings suggest that growing up in an upper-middle to upper SES household may buffer the adverse impact of frequent emotional child abuse on later adult sleep, but may not promote resilience in the context of frequent physical child abuse.
Continuous frames for unbounded operators
Authors: Bellomonte Giorgia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFew years ago Găvruţa gave the notions of K-frame and atomic system for a linear bounded operator K in a Hilbert space $$\mathcal {H}$$
H
in order to decompose $$\mathcal {R}(K)$$

R
(
K
)

, the range of K, with a frame-like expansion. These notions are here generalized to the case of a densely defined and possibly unbounded operator A on a Hilbert space in a continuous setting, thus extending what have been done in a previous paper in a discrete framework.
The mRNA–miRNA–lncRNA Regulatory Network and Factors Associated with Prognosis Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hu Bo , Ma Xiaolu , Fu Peiyao , Sun Qiman , Tang Weiguo , Sun Haixiang , Yang Zhangfu , Yu Mincheng , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Xu Yang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify novel prognostic mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using methods in systems biology. Differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were compared between HCC tumor tissues and normal liver tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Subsequently, a prognosis-associated mRNA co-expression network, an mRNA–miRNA regulatory network, and an mRNA–miRNA–lncRNA regulatory network were constructed to identify prognostic biomarkers for HCC through Cox survival analysis. Seven prognosis-associated mRNA co-expression modules were obtained by analyzing these differentially expressed mRNAs. An expression module including 120 mRNAs was significantly correlated with HCC patient survival. Combined with patient survival data, several mRNAs and miRNAs, including CHST4, SLC22A8, STC2, hsa-miR-326, and hsa-miR-21 were identified from the network to predict HCC patient prognosis. Clinical significance was investigated using tissue microarray analysis of samples from 258 patients with HCC. Functional annotation of hsa-miR-326 and hsa-miR-21-5p indicated specific associations with several cancer-related pathways. The present study provides a bioinformatics method for biomarker screening, leading to the identification of an integrated mRNA–miRNA–lncRNA regulatory network and their co-expression patterns in relation to predicting HCC patient survival.
Search for intermittent X-ray pulsations from neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries
Authors: Bahar Yunus Emre , Chakraborty Manoneeta , Göğüş Ersin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present the results of our extensive binary orbital motion corrected pulsation search for 13 low-mass X-ray binaries. These selected sources exhibit burst oscillations in X-rays with frequencies ranging from 45 to 1 122 Hz and have a binary orbital period varying from 2.1 to 18.9 h. We first determined episodes that contain weak pulsations around the burst oscillation frequency by searching all archival Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer data of these sources. Then, we applied Doppler corrections to these pulsation episodes to discard the smearing effect of the binary orbital motion and searched for recovered pulsations at the second stage. Here we report 75 pulsation episodes that contain weak but coherent pulsations around the burst oscillation frequency. Furthermore, we report eight new episodes that show relatively strong pulsations in the binary orbital motion corrected data.
Hard traveling: unemployment and road infrastructure in the shadow of political conflict
Authors: Abrahams Alexei Sisulu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIf political circumstances are an important cause of unemployment in the Middle East, does this tend to attenuate the influence of economic infrastructure? I approach this question by building a geospatial dataset of the West Bank, an area with high unemployment arguably linked to political problems. I find Israeli army road obstacles, deployed during the Second Intifada, obstructed peri-urban Palestinian commuters from accessing commercial centers and border crossings, inflicting employment losses that were substantially offset by employment gains among their more centrally located Palestinian competitors. The findings suggest that marginal economic interventions, such as removing obstacles or paving roads, have a good chance of altering the spatial distribution of unemployment, but may struggle to reduce overall unemployment levels absent political reform.
Guns of Peace and an Early Campaign against Smallpox
Authors: Snyder Sarah B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article analyses the religious and other motivations of Robert Hingson and Brother's Brother Foundation in their work on smallpox eradication and international health more broadly. It examines Hingson's development and early usage of the jet injector in mass vaccination campaigns. It also highlights that in offering logistical support to Hingson's efforts in Liberia, the US government participated in smallpox eradication earlier than existing narratives have suggested.
Using multivariate endophenotypes to identify psychophysiological mechanisms associated with polygenic scores for substance use, schizophrenia, and education attainment
Authors: Harper Jeremy , Liu Mengzhen , Malone Stephen M. , McGue Matt , Iacono William G. , Vrieze Scott I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo better characterize brain-based mechanisms of polygenic liability for psychopathology and psychological traits, we extended our previous report (Liu et al. Psychophysiological endophenotypes to characterize mechanisms of known schizophrenia genetic loci. Psychological Medicine, 2017), focused solely on schizophrenia, to test the association between multivariate psychophysiological candidate endophenotypes (including novel measures ofθ/δoscillatory activity) and a range of polygenic scores (PGSs), namely alcohol/cannabis/nicotine use, an updated schizophrenia PGS (containing 52 more genome-wide significant loci than the PGS used in our previous report) and educational attainment.MethodA large community-based twin/family sample (N= 4893) was genome-wide genotyped and imputed. PGSs were constructed for alcohol use, regular smoking initiation, lifetime cannabis use, schizophrenia, and educational attainment. Eleven endophenotypes were assessed: visual oddball task event-related electroencephalogram (EEG) measures (target-related parietal P3 amplitude, frontalθ, and parietalδenergy/inter-trial phase clustering), band-limited resting-state EEG power, antisaccade error rate. Principal component analysis exploited covariation among endophenotypes to extract a smaller number of meaningful dimensions/components for statistical analysis.ResultsEndophenotypes were heritable. PGSs showed expected intercorrelations (e.g. schizophrenia PGS correlated positively with alcohol/nicotine/cannabis PGSs). Schizophrenia PGS was negatively associated with an event-related P3/δcomponent [β= −0.032, nonparametric bootstrap 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.059 to −0.003]. A prefrontal control component (event-relatedθ/antisaccade errors) was negatively associated with alcohol (β= −0.034, 95% CI −0.063 to −0.006) and regular smoking PGSs (β= −0.032, 95% CI −0.061 to −0.005) and positively associated with educational attainment PGS (β= 0.031, 95% CI 0.003–0.058).ConclusionsEvidence suggests that multivariate endophenotypes of decision-making (P3/δ) and cognitive/attentional control (θ/antisaccade error) relate to alcohol/nicotine, schizophrenia, and educational attainment PGSs and represent promising targets for future research.
Female sex workers population size estimation in Rwanda using a three-source capture−recapture method
Authors: Musengimana G. , Tuyishime E. , Remera E. , Dong M. , Sebuhoro D. , Mulindabigwi A. , Kayirangwa E. , Malamba S. S. , Gutreuter S. , Prybylski D. , Doshi R. H. , Kayitesi C. , Mutarabayire V. , Nsanzimana S. , Mugwaneza P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Establishing accurate population size estimates (PSE) is important for prioritising and planning provision of services. Multiple source capture−recapture sampling method increases PSE accuracy and reliability. In August 2018, the three-source capture−recapture (3S-CRC) method was employed with a stringent assumption of sample independence to estimate the number of female sex workers (FSW) in Rwanda. Using Rwanda 2017 FSW hotspots mapping data, street and venue-based FSW were sampled at the sector level of each province and tagged with two unique gifts. Each capture was completed within one week to minimise FSW migration between provinces and recall bias. The three captures had 1042, 1204 and 1488 FSW. There were 111 FSW recaptured between captures 1 and 2; 237 between captures 2 and 3; 203 between captures 1 and 3 and 46 captured in all three. The PSE for street and venue-based FSW in Rwanda lies within 95% credible set: 8328–22 806 with corresponding median of 13 716 FSW. The 3S-CRC technique was low-cost and relatively easy to use for PSE in hard-to-reach populations. This estimate provides the basis for determining the denominators to assess HIV programme performance towards FSW and epidemic control and warrants further PSE for home- and cyber-based FSW in Rwanda.
Cryopreservation of both male and female gametes leads to reduced embryo development and implantation potential
Authors: Setti Amanda Souza , Braga Daniela Paes de Almeida Ferreira , Iaconelli Assumpto , Borges Edson 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of oocyte and sperm cryopreservation on donated eggs submitted to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Medical charts of 122 oocyte recipients undergoing 152 oocyte recipient ICSI cycles, from 2017 to 2018, in a private university-affiliated in vitro fertilization (IVF) centre, were reviewed in this historical cohort study. Cycles were divided into four groups according to the gamete status: the FO/FS Group, recipients in which fresh oocytes were injected with fresh sperm (n = 19); the FO/CrS Group, recipients in which fresh oocytes were injected with cryopreserved sperm (n = 14); the CrO/FS Group, recipients in which cryopreserved oocytes were injected with fresh sperm (n = 85); and the CrO/CrS Group, recipients in which cryopreserved oocytes were injected with cryopreserved sperm (n = 34). Generalized mixed models fit by restricted maximum likelihood, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test for the comparison of means amongst groups were used to investigate the effect of cryopreservation on recipient ICSI outcomes. The results were expressed as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals and P-values. The main outcome measure was the implantation rate. Normal day 3 cleavage speed, blastocyst development and implantation rates were significantly lower in the CrO/CrS Group compared with the FO/FS Group. In conclusion, embryo developmental competence and implantation potential were reduced when vitrified oocytes were injected with frozen sperm in an egg-sharing donation programme.
“Doing no harm” in the digital age: What the digitalization of cash means for humanitarian action
Authors: Burton Jo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCash transfers have changed the way the humanitarian sector delivers assistance, and at the same time, digitalization is changing the way our world works in fundamental ways. The digitalization of cash means that the simple click of a button can put money in the hands of hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of people within minutes. Digital payments have been a game changer, opening the door to faster and more efficient delivery of life-saving assistance. Although physical currency will not disappear with the rise of digital payments, it is essential to balance the benefits of these digital processes with the risks. As humanitarians, we need to articulate what “do no harm” means in the digital age, applying this equally to the way we use digital payments to support people affected by armed conflicts and other situations of violence.
The changing role of multilateral forums in regulating armed conflict in the digital age
Authors: Gill Amandeep S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article examines a subset of multilateral forums dealing with security problems posed by digital technologies, such as cyber warfare, cyber crime and lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS).1 It identifies structural issues that make it difficult for multilateral forums to discuss fast-moving digital issues and respond in time with the required norms and policy measures. Based on this problem analysis, and the recent experience of regulating cyber conflict and LAWS through Groups of Governmental Experts, the article proposes a schema for multilateral governance of digital technologies in armed conflict. The schema includes a heuristic for understanding human–machine interaction in order to operationalize accountability with international humanitarian law principles and international law applicable to armed conflict in the digital age. The article concludes with specific suggestions for advancing work in multilateral forums dealing with cyber weapons and lethal autonomy.
Himalaya Air Quality Impacts From the COVID‐19 Lockdown Across the Indo‐Gangetic Plain
Authors: Moore G. W. K. , Semple J. L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStarting in January 2020, the novel coronavirus, now known as acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) and the disease that it causes (COVID‐19) has had significant impacts on human health, the environment, and the economy globally. The rapid lockdown that occurred as well as its well documented timing allows for an unprecedented opportunity to examine the impact of air pollution from densely populated regions has on adjacent and pristine environments. Here, we use in situ and satellite observations to show that there was a step function decrease in two key indicators of air quality, nitrogen dioxide and airborne particulates, in locations within the Indo‐Gangetic Plan (IGP) as a result of the Spring 2020 lockdown. Based on anomaly patterns, we find a dipole response with a statistically significant reduction in air pollution along the western IGP and Himalaya and an increase in air pollution in the eastern IGP and Himalaya. We show that spatial variability in the reductions in economic activity across northern India and the adjoining countries of Nepal, Pakistan, and Bangladesh contributed to this dipole as did a persistent atmospheric circulation anomaly across the region during the lockdown.
Submarine Groundwater Discharge on the Western Shelf of the Northern South China Sea Influenced by the Pearl River Plume and Upwelling
Authors: Dai Guiyuan , Wang Guizhi , Li Qing , Tan Ehui , Dai Minhan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSubmarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a crucial material transport pathway across the continent–ocean margins. To evaluate the geochemical impacts of SGD on the western shelf of the northern South China Sea (NSCS), salinity, temperature, and radium were investigated in the summer of 2012. With Ra box models, the flux of SGD was estimated to be (1.0 ± 0.44) × 108 m3 day−1 (3.0 ± 1.3 cm day−1) in the upwelling‐influenced area and (5.4 ± 2.3) × 108 m3 day−1 (1.8 ± 0.8 cm day−1) in the no‐upwelling area. The flux of SGD in the no‐upwelling area estimated using a three end‐member mixing model was (2.1 ± 1.7) × 108 m3 day−1 (0.7 ± 0.5 cm day−1), consistent with the flux estimates above. In the upwelling‐influenced area, the average net fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), dissolved silicate (DSi), dissolved carbon (including dissolved inorganic carbon, DIC, and organic carbon), and total alkalinity (TA) via SGD were 1–27 times greater than those from the upwelling. In the no‐upwelling area, the average SGD‐associated DIN, SRP, DSi, TA, and dissolved carbon fluxes were 22%–42% equivalent to the Pearl River estuarine exports. The net SRP flux from SGD could support 11%–13% of the new production on the shelf. The concentration of DIC on the shelf could increase by about 50 μmol L−1 due to the net DIC fluxes via SGD. These results indicate that SGD is a significant nutrient and carbon source more important than the upwelling and second to the Pearl River on the western shelf of the NSCS and needs to be considered in the shelf biogeochemistry.
Using Observational and Reanalysis Data to Explore the Southern Gulf of California Boundary Layer During the North American Monsoon Onset
Authors: Fonseca‐Hernandez Mariam , Turrent Cuauhtémoc , Mayor Yandy G. , Tereshchenko Iryna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper uses rawinsondes and pilot balloon data from the 2004 North American Monsoon (NAM) Experiment, as well as satellite‐based products and reanalysis datasets that span 1982–2018, to analyze the mixing mechanisms responsible for the temporal and spatial variations of the Gulf of California (GoC) boundary layer during the NAM onset in the core monsoon region. We show that the regional diurnal cycle is strongly affected by low‐level convergence and divergence associated with local land‐sea breezes and by the presence of a thermal inversion over the gulf. Earlier starting monsoons have less moisture available for precipitation than those starting later in the calendar year. Therefore, early onset monsoons have less rainfall during their first month, which is a result that is in contrast with previous studies that have analyzed the timing of the NAM but only reported seasonal precipitation totals. The GoC boundary layer height at the time of monsoon onset, found to be controlled by the gulf’s surface temperature, has a significant impact on the precipitation over Sonora, Sinaloa, and southern Arizona. After the erosion of the thermal inversion over the GoC that coincides with the NAM onset, wind shear produced by the region’s unique geographic and topographic features is the largest source of turbulence for the mixing of the boundary layer. Our results suggest that a numerical model used to forecast or analyze NAM precipitation must have enough spatial resolution to adequately reproduce the effects that the GoC’s features have on its complex diurnal circulation systems.
Radiocarbon Data Reveal Contrasting Sources for Carbon Fractions in Thermokarst Lakes and Rivers of Eastern Canada (Nunavik, Quebec)
Authors: Gonzalez Moguel Regina , Bass Adrian M. , Garnett Mark H. , Pilote Martin , Keenan Benjamin , Matveev Alex , Douglas Peter M. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGreenhouse gas emissions from permafrost organic carbon decomposition in lakes and rivers can accelerate global warming. We used radiocarbon (14C) measurements to determine the predominant sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and methane (CH4) in five thermokarst lakes and three rivers in an area of widespread permafrost degradation in Northern Quebec to assess contributions from thawing permafrost and other old carbon (fixed before CE 1950) reservoirs. We compared emission pathways (dissolved gas and ebullition), seasons (summer and winter), and surface soil type (mineral and peat soils). Modern carbon (fixed after CE 1950) was the dominant source of DOC, DIC, and CH4 of non‐peatland aquatic systems, while POC and sediment carbon were predominantly fixed in the last millennia. In the peatland systems, modern and permafrost carbon were important sources of DOC, lake DIC, lake ebullition CO2, and lake dissolved CH4. In contrast, POC, lake ebullition CH4, and river DIC were dominated by millennial‐old carbon. In winter, the 14C age of DOC, DIC, and POC in the peatland lakes increased, but the 14C age of dissolved CH4 did not change. Our results point to a clearly older overall carbon source for ebullition CH4 relative to dissolved CH4 in the peatland lakes but not the non‐peatland lakes. The younger ages of dissolved CH4 and DIC relative to DOC and POC in all lakes suggest that recent primary productivity strongly influences the large total lake CH4 and CO2 emissions in this area, as diffusion fluxes greatly exceed ebullition fluxes.