bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leberresektionen können bei vorsichtiger Patientenselektion auch in Zirrhose sicher durchgeführt werden
Authors: Penzkofer Lea , Huber Tobias , Mittler Jens , Lang Hauke , Heinrich Stefan 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) ist der häufigste maligne Lebertumor in einer Leberzirrhose. Neben der Lebertransplantation stellt die Leberresektion in kompensierter
Zirrhose eine kurative Therapieoption dar, die jedoch mit einer höheren postoperativen Morbidität und Mortalität einhergeht.
Patienten Es wurden 108 Patienten identifiziert, die mit einer Leberzirrhose im Zeitraum von Januar 2008 bis Dezember 2019 an der Universitätsmedizin Mainz eine Leberresektion
erhalten haben. Im gleichen Zeitraum wurden 185 Resektionen wegen eines HCC in nicht zirrhotischer Leber durchgeführt. Als weitere Kontrollgruppe dienten 167 Resektionen wegen kolorektaler
Lebermetastasen (CRLM), die dem Ausmaß der Resektionen in Leberzirrhose entsprachen. Neben den generellen Patientencharakteristika wurde bei allen Patienten präoperativ der Charlson
Comorbidity Index (CCI) erhoben und der MELD-/Child-Score bestimmt. Die perioperative Morbidität wurde nach der Clavien-Dindo-Klassifikation erfasst. Resektionen eines HCC in Zirrhose und
kolorektaler Lebermetastasen wurden zudem in einer Match-Pair-Analyse verglichen.
Ergebnisse Die 3 Gruppen waren hinsichtlich des Alters zum Operationszeitpunkt vergleichbar. Die präoperative Leberfunktion war bei Patienten mit CRLM signifikant besser
(p < 0,001). Patienten mit einem HCC in einer nicht zirrhotischen Leber hatten ausgedehntere Resektionen (p < 0,001) als Patienten mit HCC in zirrhotischer Leber. Die Gesamtmorbidität
(Clavien/Dindo Grad III – IV) war bei Patienten mit einem HCC in Zirrhose höher als bei Patienten mit kolorektalen Lebermetastasen (p = 0,026). Dies bestätigte sich auch in der
Match-Pair-Analyse. Die Mortalität war im gesamten Kollektiv vergleichbar niedrig (2,2%). Weder MELD- noch Child-Score ließen eine Aussage über die postoperative Morbidität und Mortalität zu
(Area under the Curve: AUC jeweils < 0,6). Der CCI erreichte mit einer AUC von 0,78 eine hinreichende Vorhersage auf die postoperative Mortalität.
Schlussfolgerung Resektionen in einer Leberzirrhose sind bei einer Begrenzung des Resektionsausmaßes und entsprechender Patientenselektion mit einem vertretbaren Risiko möglich.
Komorbiditäten erhöhen zusätzlich zu einer Einschränkung der Leberfunktion die postoperative Mortalität, weshalb diese unbedingt in die Patientenselektion integriert werden sollten.
Titanium: A Unique Metal for Radical Dehydroxylative Functionalization of Alcohols
Authors: Shu Xing-Zhong , Pang Xiaobo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe dehydroxylative functionalization of alcohols is synthetic appealing, but it remains a long-term challenge in the synthetic community. Low-valent titanium has shown the power to produce carbon radicals from alcohols via homolytic cleavage of the C–OH bonds and thus offers the potential to overcome this problem. In this perspective manuscript, we summarized the recent advance on radical dehydroxylative transformation of alcohols either promoted or catalyzed by titanium. The limitation and outlook of the studies in this field are also provided.1	Introduction2	Recent Developments in Dehydroxylative Functionalization of Alcohols2.1	Stoichiometric Titanium Complexes Mediated Homolysis of Alcohols2.2	Radical Dehydroxylative Functionalization of Alcohols by Ti Catalysis3	Summary and Outlook
Impact of Homeopathic Treatment on the Quality of Life of Women with Chronic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Pragmatic Trial
Authors: Champs Natália S. , Lopes Julia G. , Sousa Paula C. , Souza Clariana C. , Justo Barbara L.T. , Dutra Dayane M. , Mendes Adrienne M.S. , Santos Claudia Prass , Tavares Rubens L.C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Despite the increasing demand for complementary and integrative medicine, only a few studies have evaluated the effect of these types of treatments on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the QoL of women treated with homeopathy within the Public Health System of Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Methods This is a prospective randomized controlled pragmatic trial. The patients were divided into two independent groups, one group underwent homeopathic treatment in the first 6-month period and the other did not receive any homeopathic treatment. In both randomized groups, patients maintained their conventional medical treatment when necessary. The World Health Organization Quality of Life abbreviated questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) was used for QoL analysis prior to treatment and 6 months later.
Results Randomization afforded similar baseline results in three domains of QoL analysis for both groups. After 6 months' treatment, there was a statistically significant difference between groups in the physical domain of WHOQOL-BREF: the average score improved to 63.6 ± (SD) 15.8 in the homeopathy group, compared with 53.1 ± (SD) 16.7 in the control group.
Conclusions Homeopathic treatment showed a positive impact at 6 months on the QoL of women with chronic diseases. Further studies should be performed to determine the long-term effects of homeopathic treatment on QoL and its determinant factors.
Comparative Study on Method of Threshold Estimation: Distortion Product Threshold Test versus Pure Tone Threshold Test
Authors: Mehta Gunjan , Neupane Anuj Kumar , Mistri Abhishek , Joshi Hiral , Shah Nirmit 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) can be helpful in estimating the hearing thresholds by extrapolating the DPOAE input/output function with the help of scissor paradigm, and thus the following study aims at assessing its reliability by comparing DPOAE thresholds with those obtained by behavioral responses at pure tones on various frequencies.
Materials and Methods Fifty participants having normal hearing sensitivity were included in the study. Pure tone (PT) audiometry was carried out on all participants to determine PT thresholds in both ears. DPOAE threshold test was administered and thresholds at 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz were compared accordingly.
Results The result indicated significant difference between the two methods of threshold estimation where the mean difference was found to be 3 decibel (dB) and 4 dB for left and right ears, respectively. Shapiro-Wilk test revealed normal distribution (p > 0.05) of the data. Hence, parametric paired t-test was performed, which revealed significant difference between PT and distortion product thresholds.
Conclusion Study concludes as having good clinical applicability in assessing neonates and infants.
Rehabilitation of Concussion and Persistent Postconcussive Symptoms
Authors: Wilber Charles G. , Leddy John J. , Bezherano Itai , Bromley Lacey , Edwards Amanda E. , Willer Barry S. , Haider Mohammad N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConcussion and persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS) are encountered by clinicians in sports medicine, pediatrics, neurology, physiatry, emergency medicine, and primary care. Clinical management may require a multidisciplinary approach. This article presents a structured method for the diagnosis of concussion and PPCS in the outpatient setting, which includes a history, physical examination, and additional tests as clinically indicated to help identify underlying symptom generators. Treatment for concussion and PPCS should be individualized, based on predominant signs and symptoms, and can include subsymptom threshold aerobic exercise, cervical physical therapy, vestibulo-ocular rehabilitation, behavioral and cognitive psychotherapy, and some symptom-specific pharmacological therapies.
Motor Recovery: How Rehabilitation Techniques and Technologies Can Enhance Recovery and Neuroplasticity
Authors: Braun Robynne G. , Wittenberg George F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere are now a large number of technological and methodological approaches to the rehabilitation of motor function after stroke. It is important to employ these approaches in a manner that is tailored to specific patient impairments and desired functional outcomes, while avoiding the hype of overly broad or unsubstantiated claims for efficacy. Here we review the evidence for poststroke plasticity, including therapy-related plasticity and functional imaging data. Early demonstrations of remapping in somatomotor and somatosensory representations have been succeeded by findings of white matter plasticity and a focus on activity-dependent changes in neuronal properties and connections. The methods employed in neurorehabilitation have their roots in early understanding of neuronal circuitry and plasticity, and therapies involving large numbers of repetitions, such as robotic therapy and constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), change measurable nervous systems properties. Other methods that involve stimulation of brain and peripheral excitable structures have the potential to harness neuroplastic mechanisms, but remain experimental. Gaps in our understanding of the neural substrates targeted by neurorehabilitation technology and techniques remain, preventing their prescriptive application in individual patients as well as their general refinement. However, with ongoing research—facilitated in part by technologies that can capture quantitative information about motor performance—this gap is narrowing. These research approaches can improve efforts to attain the shared goal of better functional recovery after stroke.
Hereditary Myelopathies
Authors: Walker Melissa A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHereditary myelopathies are an important and likely underappreciated component of neurogenetic disease. While previously distinctions have been made by age of onset, the growing power and availability of high-quality neuroimaging and next-generation sequencing are increasingly expanding classical phenotypes and diminishing the utility of age-based classifications. Increasingly, cases of “atypical” disease presentations are challenging past assumptions regarding the age of onset and survival in many disorders and identifying allelic syndromes in others. Despite this, there is poor awareness of the potential for spinal involvement in many diseases that typically affect the brain. Broadly speaking, congenital myelopathies can be neuroanatomically grouped into motor neuron, axonopathy, spinocerebellar, cerebroleukodystrophy, and pan-neuraxis (generally central nervous system predominant with associated axonopathy) disorders.Here, we review hereditary causes of myelopathy, organized by neuroanatomy, and highlight atypical presentations. We discuss findings concerning an underlying genetic etiology for myelopathy, as well as practical, technical, and ethical considerations of diagnostic genetic testing.
On indefinite Kirchhoff-type equations under the combined effect of linear and superlinear terms
Authors: Sun Juntao , Wang Kuan-Hsiang , Wu Tsung-fang 
Published: March 2021

We investigate the eigenvalue problem for Kirchhoff type equations involving a superlinear perturbation, namely, −a∫RN|∇u|2dx+1Δu+μV(x)u=λf(x)u+g(x)|u|p−2u in RN, where V∈C(RN) is a potential well with the bottom Ω≔int{x∈RN|V(x)=0}. When N = 3 and 4 &lt; p &lt; 6, for each a &gt; 0 and μ sufficiently large, we obtain at least one positive solution for 0 &lt; λ ≤ λ1(fΩ), while at least two positive solutions exist for λ1(fΩ) &lt; λ &lt; λ1(fΩ) + δa without any assumption on the integral ∫Ωg(x)ϕ1pdx, where λ1(fΩ) &gt; 0 is the principal eigenvalue of −Δ in H01(Ω) with the weight function fΩ ≔ f|Ω and ϕ1 &gt; 0 is the corresponding principal eigenfunction. When N ≥ 3 and 2 &lt; p &lt; min{4, 2*}, for μ sufficiently large, we conclude that (i) at least two positive solutions exist for 0 &lt; a &lt; a0(p) and 0 &lt; λ &lt; λ1(fΩ); (ii) if ∫Ωg(x)ϕ1pdx&lt;0, at least three positive solutions exist for 0 &lt; a &lt; a0(p) and λ1(fΩ)≤λ&lt;λ1(fΩ)+δ̄a; and (iii) if ∫Ωg(x)ϕ1pdx&gt;0, at least two positive solutions exist for a ≥ a0(p) and 0≤λa+&lt;λ&lt;λ1(fΩ).
Variational method for elliptic systems with discontinuous nonlinearities
Authors: Pavlenko V. N. , Potapov D. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A system of two elliptic equations with discontinuous nonlinearities and homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions is studied. Existence theorems for strong and semiregular solutions are deduced using a variational method. A strong solution is called semiregular if the set on which the values of the solution are points of discontinuity of the nonlinearity with respect to the phase variable has measure zero. Classes of nonlinearities are distinguished for which the assumptions of the theorems established here hold. The variational approach in this paper is based on the concept of a quasipotential operator, by contrast with the traditional approach, which uses the generalized Clark gradient.
Bibliography: 22 titles.
Anomalous nanoparticle surface diffusion in LCTEM is revealed by deep learning-assisted analysis
Authors: Jamali Vida , Hargus Cory , Ben-Moshe Assaf , Aghazadeh Amirali , Ha Hyun Dong , Mandadapu Kranthi K. , Alivisatos A. Paul 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) is an emerging technique, which enables nanoscale visualization and tracking of single nanoparticles near interfaces with unprecedented spatial resolution. Here, we studied the diffusion of nanoparticles in LCTEM experiments using techniques powered by deep neural networks and statistical tests. We observed two underlying regimes of diffusive behavior which are governed by the interaction of the electron beam, the nanoparticle, the nearby substrate, and the liquid environment. This understanding forms the foundation to use LCTEM for single-nanoparticle tracking for a broad range of nanoparticles, interfaces, and liquids.
Γ valley transition metal dichalcogenide moiré bands
Authors: Angeli Mattia , MacDonald Allan H. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
At small twist angles, moiré patterns form in transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers. Using sophisticated ab initio calculations, we develop a model able to describe the band structure of these systems. We found that the moiré pattern acts as a long-wavelength modulating potential, with a sixfold rotational symmetry not present in the underlying lattice. The modulation potential reduces hole band widths and localizes electrons or holes around honeycomb or kagome lattice sites.
Theoretical and numerical studies of breakdown phenomena triggered by microparticle in nitrogen gaps
Authors: Sun Qiang , Zhou Qian-hong , Yang Wei , Dong Ye , Zhang Han-tian , Song Meng-meng , Wu Yi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper studies microparticle-triggered breakdown phenomena in mm-scale nitrogen gaps based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Secondary electron and field emission contributions are both considered when predicting the microparticle-initiated breakdown voltage. In the present model, the ionization coefficient of the microscale discharge is modified to recognize the significant reduction in the number of collisions that occurs when a microparticle is present. The theoretical analysis indicates that small particles have little influence on the gas-gap breakdown voltage unless field-emission effects are dominant. However, when large microparticles (radius 50 μm) are present, a significant decrease (more than 20%) in the minimum breakdown voltage can be observed regardless of the particle position in the gas gap. Therefore, one should endeavor to exclude large microparticles from the discharge process. A fluid model is then used to simulate the microparticle-initiated breakdown process in a gas switch. The microparticle radius is 10 μm and the distance between the microparticle and cathode is 1 μm. It can be found that the electrode–particle microdischarge generates regions of high-density plasma that finally trigger main-gap breakdown when a voltage of 2.5 kV–3.5 kV is applied. The calculated results are consistent with our theoretical analysis. This paper provides a quantitative research method to evaluate the influence of microparticles on gas breakdown and contributes to improving gas-switch insulation performance.
An optomechanical platform for quantum hypothesis testing for collapse models
Authors: Marchese Marta Maria , Belenchia Alessio , Pirandola Stefano , Paternostro Mauro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Quantum hypothesis testing has shown the advantages that quantum resources can offer in the discrimination of competing hypothesis. Here, we apply this framework to optomechanical systems and fundamental physics questions. In particular, we focus on an optomechanical system composed of two cavities employed to perform quantum channel discrimination. We show that input squeezed optical noise, and feasible measurement schemes on the output cavity modes, allow to obtain an advantage with respect to any comparable classical schemes. We apply these results to the discrimination of models of spontaneous collapse of the wavefunction, highlighting the possibilities offered by this scheme for fundamental physics searches.
Limited Evidence of Associations Between Executive Functioning and Alcohol Involvement In UK Adolescents
Authors: Burton Sam , Puddephatt Jo-Anne , Baines Laura , Sheen Florence , Warren Jasmine G , Jones Andrew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsDeficits in motor inhibitory control and working memory have been hypothesized to be both a cause and consequence of heavy alcohol use. Adolescence is a critical developmental stage for inhibitory control and working memory, and it is also a stage when individuals are most likely to initiate alcohol use. This study aimed to examine whether inhibitory control and working memory would predict alcohol use and involvement in a group of UK adolescents.MethodsWe recruited 220 (N = 178, female) adolescents, aged between 16 and 18, from eight higher education settings in the Merseyside region of the UK. Alcohol use was examined using the Timeline Follow-Back and involvement (and related problems) using the Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale. A reward-based inhibitory control task (Go/No-Go) was used to examine the inhibition and reward sensitivity, and a self-ordered pointing task was used to measure working memory.ResultsMultiple regression demonstrated that neither inhibitory control (b = 0.02 (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.21, 0.24)) nor working memory (b = −0.12 (95% CI: −0.30, 0.07)) were significant predictors of alcohol use (units consumed). Inhibitory control (b = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.12, 1.09), specifically, in the no reward condition and school deprivation (b = 0.67 (95% CI: 0.06, 1.28) significantly predicted alcohol-related problems.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated limited evidence that deficits in specific mechanisms of executive functioning (i.e. motor inhibition and working memory) were associated with alcohol-related problems in UK adolescents. This study adds to an increasing body of literature suggesting weak or non-existent links between inhibitory control, working memory and alcohol use.
Risk of precancerous cervical lesions in women using a hormone-containing intrauterine device and other contraceptives: a register-based cohort study from Denmark
Authors: Skorstengaard Malene , Lynge Elsebeth , Napolitano George , Blaakær Jan , Bor Pinar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Is the risk of high-grade precancerous cervical lesions and/or is the risk of lesion progression increased in users of a hormone-containing intrauterine device (HIUD) compared with users of other contraceptive methods.

SUMMARY ANSWER
Women starting use of HIUD had the same subsequent risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3+ (CIN3+) as copper IUD (CIUD) users, and both groups tended to have lower risks than oral contraceptives (OC) users.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
HIUDs may cause inflammatory and immunosuppressive changes that may potentially affect the risk of persistent human papillomavirus infection and precancerous cervical lesions.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
A Danish population-based cohort study was conducted using register data from 2008 to 2011 on 26–50-year-old users of HIUD (n = 60 551), CIUD (n = 30 303), or OC (n = 165 627).

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Within each user group, women were divided into two groups; normal cytology or abnormal diagnosis before start of contraceptive use (baseline). Follow-up histology and cytology diagnoses were registered during the 5 years after baseline. Adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% CI were calculated for precancerous cervical lesions in HIUD users compared with CIUD and OC users.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Women with normal cytology at baseline: at follow-up HIUD users had the same risk of CIN3 or higher (3+) as CIUD users; aRR 1.08 (95% CI 0.94–1.22). For the HIUD and CIUD groups compared with OCs, the risks of CIN3+ were lower: aRR 0.63 (95% CI 0.57–0.69) and aRR 0.58 (95% CI 0.52–0.65), respectively. The same was observed for CIN2 risks: aRR 0.86 (95% CI 0.76–0.96) and aRR 0.68 (95% CI 0.58–0.79) for HIUD and CIUD groups, respectively. Women with abnormal diagnosis at baseline: a lower progression risk, except for CIN2+ at baseline, was observed in HIUD users compared with OC users. Similar progression risks were found in HIUD and CIUD users. There were no differences between the three contraceptive groups in persistence or regression of present lesions.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
We adjusted for age, education, and region of residence as a proxy for socio-economic factors. Data on smoking and sexual behavior were not available thus we cannot exclude some differences between the three user groups.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
These findings suggest that women may safely use HIUDs.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
A.P. Møller Foundation for the Advancement of Medical Science, Else and Mogens Wedell-Wedellborgs Fund, Direktør Emil C. Hertz og Hustru Inger Hertz Fund, and the Fund for Development of Evidence Based Medicine in Private Specialized Practices. EL is principle investigator for a study with HPV-test-kits provided by Roche. The other authors have nothing to declare.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.
Molecular pathways to high-level azithromycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Laumen J G E , Manoharan-Basil S S , Verhoeven E , Abdellati S , De Baetselier I , Crucitti T , Xavier B B , Chapelle S , Lammens C , Van Dijck C , Malhotra-Kumar S , Kenyon C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of azithromycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is increasing in numerous populations worldwide.

Objectives
To characterize the genetic pathways leading to high-level azithromycin resistance.

Methods
A customized morbidostat was used to subject two N. gonorrhoeae reference strains (WHO-F and WHO-X) to dynamically sustained azithromycin pressure. We tracked stepwise evolution of resistance by whole genome sequencing.

Results
Within 26 days, all cultures evolved high-level azithromycin resistance. Typically, the first step towards resistance was found in transitory mutations in genes rplD, rplV and rpmH (encoding the ribosomal proteins L4, L22 and L34 respectively), followed by mutations in the MtrCDE-encoded efflux pump and the 23S rRNA gene. Low- to high-level resistance was associated with mutations in the ribosomal proteins and MtrCDE efflux pump. However, high-level resistance was consistently associated with mutations in the 23S ribosomal RNA, mainly the well-known A2059G and C2611T mutations, but also at position A2058G.

Conclusions
This study enabled us to track previously reported mutations and identify novel mutations in ribosomal proteins (L4, L22 and L34) that may play a role in the genesis of azithromycin resistance in N. gonorrhoeae.