bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Four-Patch Multi-Stable Composite Laminates for Shape Morphing Applications
Authors: Biju Jebin , Fadel Georges , Li Suyi , Myers Oliver 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Thin bistable composite laminates can be used for shape morphing applications by virtue of their material properties and asymmetric ply layup. These laminates are called bistable because they can be snapped into two or more stable shapes. A single bistable patch can result in simple cylindrical shapes and when multiple such patches are assembled into a single multi-patch laminate they result in more complex shapes and multiple stable shapes that can find wide practical use in shape morphing applications. Analytical models exist that can approximate the stable shapes of the laminates from the input of material properties and laminate geometry. And these models correlate with FEA and experiment to a satisfactory degree and could be used for the design of multi patch laminates. In this research, we make use of these analytical models that solve for a four-patch grid laminate and create a design method based on optimization to solve the reverse problem to arrive at the laminate parameters given the target shape(s). Two approaches are presented wherein one targets a single stable shape and the other targets two stable shapes which are the shapes before and after snap through. This work would be useful to understand how multi-patch laminates could be designed using optimization.
Reliability-Based Mission Planning of Off-Road Autonomous Ground Vehicles Using an Outcrossing Approach
Authors: Jiang Chen , Liu Yixuan , Hu Zhen , Mourelatos Zissimos P. , Gorsich David , Fu Yan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Reliability-based mission planning aims to identify an optimal path for off-road autonomous ground vehicles (AGVs) under uncertain terrain environment, while satisfying specific mission mobility reliability (MMR) constraints. The evaluation of MMR during path planning poses computational challenges for practical applications. This paper presents an efficient reliability-based mission planning using an outcrossing approach that has the same computational complexity as deterministic mission planning. A Gaussian random field is employed to represent the spatially dependent uncertainty sources in the terrain environment. The latter are then used in conjunction with a vehicle mobility model to generate a stochastic mobility map. Based on the stochastic mobility map, outcrossing rate maps are generated using the outcrossing concept which is widely used in time-dependent reliability. Integration of the outcrossing rate map with a rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT*) algorithm, allows for efficient path planning of AGVs subject to MMR constraints. A reliable RRT* algorithm using the outcrossing approach (RRT*-OC) is developed to implement the proposed efficient reliability-based mission planning. Results of a case study verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Mechanical Design of a New Anthropomorphic Robot for Fastening in Wing-Box
Authors: Jiang Jiefeng , Xi Fengfeng (Jeff) , You Jingjing , Xue Qunxing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The fastener installation in the wing-box faces with narrow space, and it has to be done manually at present. Since manual labor has size constraints, the efficiency is low, and there may be assembly quality instability, it urgently needs automation. Automatic fastening assembly using a robot undoubtedly is an appropriate solution. The existing industrial robots, snake robots, humanoid robots can not meet the fastening assembly requirements in the wing-box. We develop a new anthropomorphic robot with multiple links to perform the inner fastening. A prismatic pair is employed to fit the arm links entering into the wing-box. A shaft with 360 degrees rotation liked human shoulder is introduced to meet the circumferential positioning around the process hole. Arm links are used for robotic end effector reaching the local fastening site. Based on the limitation of assembly position in the wing-box, the link lengths are considered and determined. By using the geometric relation with the link lengths, the joint angle variables are presented. Then, S shape arm link is designed for the compact requirement and the dimensions are determined based on the cross-section of human arm. Finally, stable frame structure is set up through the rear door frame and the bridge beam, and the whole robot is integrated.
Integrating Sales, Design and Production: A Configuration System for Automation in Mass Customization
Authors: Wehlin Camilla , Vidner Olle , Poot Leon , Tarkian Mehdi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Companies manufacturing customized engineer-to-order (ETO) products are decelerated by repetitive work, misinterpretations and uncoordinated processes which prohibits the achievement of mass customization. Being able to deliver customized product with low costs and fast delivery times, the concept of mass customization, is a prerequisite for maintained competitiveness with the demands from the market today. This paper presents a product configuration system (PCS) for customized products using design automation enabled by knowledge-based engineering (KBE) and enterprise-wide optimization (EWO). With this approach, the process from sales to delivery of customized products can be extensively rationalized. The PCS consists of two modules. The first being a configurator for use in the sales quotation stage. Here, customer requirements are captured, and used to generate alternatives feasible for the customer context. Thereby, correct quotations can be generated at the sales instance. The second module is the enterprise-wide configurator where accepted orders are concurrently optimized for their detailed and final design, considering the current state of the production and concurrent sales cases in the company. In other terms, instead of adapting the supply chain according to the design of the products in the order entry, the design of the products in the order entry are adapted according to the state of the supply chain. Thereby, resources can be efficiently utilized to the benefit of both the customer and the company, with reduced costs and delivery times. An implementation of the PCS in a case concerning spiral staircases, an ETO product, has shown potential of substantially reducing resources and errors and enable a reliable process supporting achievement of mass customization.
Some (Team) Assembly Required: An Analysis of Collaborative Computer-Aided Design Assembly
Authors: Cheng Kathy , Olechowski Alison 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Previous efforts in the area of collaborative computer-aided design (CAD) suggest that a team of designers working synchronously in a multi-user CAD (MUCAD) environment can produce CAD models faster than a single user. Our research is the among the first to investigate assemblies in MUCAD. Due to the lack of hierarchical feature dependency in assemblies, we propose that CAD teams can optimize assembly through modularization and parallel execution. In our study, 20 participants were tasked with assembling pre-modelled CAD parts of varying complexity in teams of one, two, three or four. We analyze audio recordings, team activity, and survey responses to compare the performance of individuals and virtual collaborative teams during assembly, while working with the same MUCAD platform.
This paper features a multimodal approach to analyze team trends in communication, workflow, task allocation and challenges to determine which factors are conducive to the success of a multi-user CAD team and which are detrimental. In our work, the success of a team is measured by its productivity score, which is the number of mates added by a team within a given time frame. We present evidence that teams can complete an assembly in less calendar time than a single user, but single users are more efficient based on person-hours, due to communications and coordination overheads. Surprisingly, paired contributors exhibit an assembly bonus effect. These findings represent a preliminary understanding of collaborative CAD assembly work. Our work supports the claim that collaborative assembly activities have the potential to improve the capabilities of modern product design teams, delivering products faster and at lower cost. We identify areas for future research, and highlight areas of improvement for collaborative CAD platforms and engineering design teams.
A New Paradigm for the Enjoyment and Exploitation of Cultural Heritage Based on Spatial Augmented Reality: The Case of the Ducal Palace of Urbino
Authors: Leopardi Alma , Ceccacci Silvia , Mengoni Maura 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the last years, museums have begun to apply new technological solutions to manage their exhibits in a more open, inclusive, and creative way, to improve the visitors’ experience to respond to the need to expand the audience. The main goal is to face the increasing competition in an economy referred to as the “Experience Economy”. To this end, Augmented Reality technology seems to represent a good solution for museum guide systems, to improve visitors’ learning and enjoyment.
In this context, the present paper proposes a museum guide system based on Spatial Augmented Reality powered by dynamic projection. The paper describes the overall HW and SW system architecture and reports in detail the developed process adopted to design and implement a museum guide and entertainment application, in the context of the “Studiolo of Federico da Montefeltro” in the Ducal Palace of Urbino. A preliminary survey has been carried out, which involved a total of 79 subjects, aimed at investigating the quality of visitor’s experience, aroused by the proposed application, in terms of the “Four Experience Realms” defined by Pine & Gilmore (1998).
Results suggest that the proposed application can be used to stage experiences that satisfy the visitors and may help to enable museums into the Experience Economy.
Nonlinear Analysis of a Class of Inversion-Based Compliant Cross-Spring Pivots
Authors: Li Shiyao , Hao Guangbo , Chen Yingyue , Zhu Jiaxiang , Berselli Giovanni 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a nonlinear model of an inversion-based generalized cross-spring pivot (IG-CSP) using the beam constraint model (BCM), which can be employed for the geometric error analysis and the characteristic analysis of an inversion-based symmetric cross-spring pivot (IS-CSP). The load-dependent effects are classified in two ways, including structure load-dependent effects and beam load-dependent effects, where the loading positions, geometric parameters of elastic flexures, and axial forces are the main contributing factors. The closed-form load-rotation relations of an IS-CSP and a non-inversion-based symmetric cross-spring pivot (NIS-CSP) are derived with consideration of the three contributing factors for analyzing the load-dependent effects. The load-dependent effects of IS-CSP and NIS-CSP are compared when the loading position is fixed. The rotational stiffness of the IS-CSP or NIS-CSP can be designed to increase, decrease, or remain constant with axial forces, by regulating the balance between the loading positions and the geometric parameters. The closed-form solution of the center shift of an IS-CSP is derived. The effects of axial forces on the IS-CSP center shift are analyzed and compared with those of a NIS-CSP. Finally, based on the nonlinear analysis results of IS-CSP and NIS-CSP, two new compound symmetric cross-spring pivots are presented and analyzed via analytical and FEA models.
Synthesis of Defect-Free Peaucellier Mechanism and Potential Implications for Energy Harvesting
Authors: Almandeel Ali , Aladwani Abdulaziz , Ali Hessein 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cantilevered beams with piezoceramic layers are typically used to generate electrical energy; hence, a base excitation on a harvester is required. This work investigates the use of a link-type mechanism called the Peaucellier mechanism to actuate piezoelectric energy harvesters. The Peaucellier mechanism is known to trace an exact straight line, providing harmonic motion, which is exploited here for exciting a bimorph piezoelectric cantilever beam. To generate the required base excitation, a function generation synthesis methodology for designing a defect-free Peaucellier mechanism driven by a dyad (PMD) is proposed, in addition to an example being provided to confirm the efficacy of the method. The harmonic motion involves two design variables (frequency and amplitude) which are key parameters and can be tuned to generate the required electrical power. It was determined that PMD could excite the energy harvester, generating an electrical power of approximately 4.52 μ W at low frequency. The synthesis generated a mean absolute error of 0.061 m/s2 confirming an excellent match between the points of the input-output and desired acceleration. The results confirm that the Peaucellier mechanism is suitable for the actuation of energy harvesters where parasitic power harvesting is required in different practical applications, including robotics and stationary machines.
Generation of Continuous Toolpaths for Additive Manufacturing Using Implicit Slicing
Authors: Steuben J. C. , Michopoulos J. G. , Iliopoulos A. P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The generation of footpaths for additive manufacturing (AM), a process commonly known as “slicing,” has a strong impact on the performance of both the associated hardware systems and the resulting objects. Available slicers invariably produce discontinuous tootpaths, featuring jumps or so-catted “travel moves” during which the deposition of material or/and energy must be hatted. For AM processes using slowly solidifying feedstock materials, such as thermosetting polymers or cementitious mixtures such as concrete, these tootpath discontinuities are highly undesirable due to the artifacts they generate. This renders existing sticers difficult to use in such applications, and presents a road-block to the adoption of AM for such material systems. In the present work, this difficulty is addressed by the development of a simple geometric criterion for the existence of continuous tool-paths that are capable of producing a specified input geometry. This development is based on the principles of morphological geometric analysis and graph theory. It is shown that, for any geometric feature with a characteristic thickness at least twice the extrusion width, a continuous toolpath exists. Furthermore, a general-purpose algorithm for continuous toolpath generation, for arbitrarily shaped objects satisfying this criterion, is developed and demonstrated on a representative test problem. Finally, conclusions and the path forward for the usage of this approach with existing AM systems is explored.
A Feature Encoding Approach and a Cloud Computing Architecture to Map Fishing Activities
Authors: Galdelli A. , Mancini A. , Frontoni E. , Tassetti A. N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Monitoring fish stocks and fleets’ activities is key for Marine Spatial Planning. In recent years Vessel Monitoring System and Automatic Identification System have been developed for vessels longer than 12 and 15m in length, respectively, while small scale vessels (&lt; 12m in length) remain untracked and largely unregulated, even though they account for 83% of all fishing activity in the Mediterranean Sea. In this paper we present an architecture that makes use of a low-cost LoRa/cellular network to acquire and process positioning data from small scale vessels, and a feature encoding approach that can be easily extended to process and map small scale fisheries. The feature encoding method uses a Markov chain to model transitions between successive behavioural states (e.g., fishing, steaming) of each vessel and classify its activity. The approach is evaluated using k-fold and Leave One Boat Out cross-validations and, in both cases, it results in significant improvements in the classification of fishing activities. The use of a such low-cost and open source technology coupled to artificial intelligence could open up potential for more integrated and transparent platforms to inform coastal resource and fisheries management, and cross-border marine spatial planning. It enables a new monitoring strategy that could effectively include small-scale fleets and support the design of new policies oriented to the optimal use of marine resources.
Optimal Modular Remanufactured Product Configuration and Harvesting Planning for End-of-Life Products
Authors: Kim Jinju , Park Seyoung , Kim Harrison M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Since remanufacturing requires additional processes compared to the production process of new products, various factors need to be considered. First, it is necessary to decide which end-of-life (EoL) product parts/modules to use among the EoL products available for the remanufactured product. At this stage, it is crucial to understand the future customer demand and requirements for each part. Next, it is also necessary to figure out whether selective disassembly is possible to disassemble a specific target component without completely disassembling the product. With the increasing number of product designs that are difficult to disassemble, the disassembly sequence and level should be considered for the efficiency of the overall remanufacturing process. This study proposes an integrated model to (i) find configuration design suitable for remanufactured products that can maximize customer utility based on current EoL products, and (ii) establish a harvest plan that determines the optimal operations and levels. This proposed model can be used as a tool that helps product designers find the appropriate design of remanufactured products while increasing the efficiency of the remanufacturing process.
Nonlinear Dynamics Simulation of Bending Deflection for Composite Laminated Plate Under Varied Temperature Using Lyapunov Exponent Parameter
Authors: Yousuf Louay S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper study the nonlinear dynamics behavior of the bending deflection of composite laminated plate based on largest Lyapunov exponent parameter. Wolf algorithm is used to quantify largest Lyapunov exponent in the presence of aspect ratios and fiber volume fractions. A power spectrum analysis has been added using the amplitude of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to detect the non-periodic motion of the bending deflection of the composite plate. The simulation process is done using ANSYS software Ver. 18.2. The temperature gradient of thermal shock is varied between (60C° and −15C°) through the laminate thickness. The experiment setup has been done through heating and cooling rig test environment. The non-periodic motion of the bending deflection is decreased with the increasing of aspect ratios, while the non-periodic motion of the bending deflection is increased wit the increasing of fiber volume fractions.
Test Bench for Characterization and Durability Tests of Motorbike Clutches
Authors: Previati G. , Gobbi M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the paper, a new test bench for characterization and durability assessment of multi disc wet clutches for motorbike applications is presented. The design of the new test bench is inspired by the current SAE standards J2490 and J286 that refer to the testing of friction material for automatic transmissions wet clutches. Differently from the test bench described in the two standards, which is mainly designed to test the friction material, the test bench presented in this paper has been designed for testing the whole clutch, comprising all discs and the actuation mechanism. The lubrication system of the clutch utilized on the test bench is very similar to the one present on the actual motorbike. The design and instrumentation of the new test rig is analysed and discussed in the paper. The test bench has been used for the characterization of different motorbike clutches. The bench has proved to be able to measure the clutch characteristic for different temperatures and clutch wear levels. A very good repeatability of the tests has been achieved allowing for a comparison of different clutches design, friction material properties and operating conditions (temperature, ..). Some experimental results are presented and discussed in the paper.
Kinematic Design of Deployable Structures With Low Actuation Requirements Based on Pop-Up Folding
Authors: Montano Eduardo E. , Peraza Hernandez Edwin A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the kinematic modeling and design of deployable structures inspired by pop-up books. These pop-up structures can exhibit large changes in area and volume through deployment motion that resembles opening the pages of a book. The pop-up structures have a modular topology and are formed by multiple parallelepiped units, here termed as pop-up units. The analysis of the kinematics of single pop-up units and assemblies of these that form larger structures is presented. An algorithm that integrates multiple pop-up units to form structures that approximate two-dimensional and three-dimensional target shapes when deployed is subsequently devised. The algorithm ensures that the structures formed by the assemblies of multiple pop-up units retain the single degree of freedom of a pop-up unit. The stored strain energy of these structures, which can provide the means to deploy them in practice, is also analyzed. Finally, various examples showing the applicability of the design algorithm in the synthesis of pop-up structures that approximate a diverse set of two-dimensional and three-dimensional target shapes are provided. The pop-up structures can be applied to a large spectrum of applications that need extensive deployment from small volumes while requiring a low number of degrees of freedom. These applications may include aerospace structures and MEMS.
A New Robotic Hand Based on the Design of Fingers With Spatial Motions
Authors: Hamon Pol , Chablat Damien , Plestan Franck 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article presents a new hand architecture with three under-actuated fingers. Each finger performs spatial movements to achieve more complex and varied grasping than the existing planar-movement fingers. The purpose of this hand is to grasp complex-shaped workpieces as they leave the machining centres. Among the taxonomy of grips, cylindrical and spherical grips are often used to grasp heavy objects. A combination of these two modes makes it possible to capture most of the workpieces machined with 5-axis machines. However, the change in grasping mode requires the fingers to reconfigure themselves to perform spatial movements. This solution requires the addition of two or three actuators to change the position of the fingers and requires sensors to recognize the shape of the workpiece and determine the type of grasp to be used. This article proposes to extend the notion of under-actuated fingers to spatial movements. After a presentation of the kinematics of the fingers, the problem of stability is discussed as well as the transmission of forces in this mechanism. The complete approach for calculating the stability conditions is presented from the study of Jacobian force transmission matrices. CAD representations of the hand and its behavior in spherical and cylindrical grips are presented.