bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent system for managing dynamic processes of seed preparation for sowing – “Must-have” within of the concept of digital transformation for crop production
Authors: Sukhanova M V , Sukhanov A V , Miroshnikova V V , Bondarev A V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The basic scheme of the work of an intelligent control system for the dynamic processes of seed preparation for sowing, which allows accelerating the transition to progressive technologies of crops cultivation, is considered. The intelligent control system built into the biotech system works proactively in real-time and is designed to make the operator’s work easier and faster. The intelligent control system allows timely and effortless control of the preparation and the treated seeds. The use of an intelligent control system reduces the mental and physical stress on the operator during work by 50% or more, without reducing the quality of seed processing; improves the quality of decisions made; reduces the duration of control by more than two times in comparison with the existing methods of control and management of the process of pre-sowing seed treatment.
Modern methods for calculating the amount of damage caused to aquatic biological resources
Authors: Yurina N A , Yurin D A , Maksim E A , Volkova S A , SHerbatova T A , Tletseruk I R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) in planning any economic activity is an important point not only for its resolution, but also for the preservation or replenishment of biological objects of nature. Scientists of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Krasnodar Research Centre for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine” have developed a simplified electronic template for calculating the amount of damage to aquatic biological resources when planning the economic activities of enterprises in the immediate vicinity of water bodies. It allows you to determine the harm from the implementation of economic and other activities, as well as calculate the amount of damage to aquatic biological resources from its conduct, including their habitat.
Ensuring safety while reconstructing electrification systems of agricultural facilities
Authors: Pyatikopov S M , Kovaleva S A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article provides security measures required for the reconstruction of electrification systems at agricultural facilities. From the viewpoint of electric shock, agricultural facilities have a large number of premises indicated as “with increased danger” and “especially dangerous”. During operation, there is a great danger of electric shock to people and animals. In addition, there is a high degree of fire hazard. Concurrently, agricultural facilities are a source of a large number of harmful and hazardous production factors. Electrification systems are no exception. According to safety requirements, when performing any technological operations and processes, the negative impact of these factors on people, animals and the environment must be excluded or minimized. Hence, ensuring the safety of personnel is an urgent and crucial task in the reconstruction of electrification systems in agriculture.
Solution of environmental problems of livestock breeding through intensification of waste treatment processes
Authors: Bakhov Zh K , Sultangalieva K U , Zhumadilova N B , Drevin V E , Gizzatova G L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Intensification of anaerobic processing of animal waste has a significant effect in comparison with other methods, which is expressed in a significant reduction in the pollution of environmental objects (air, water and soil) with chemicals and pathogenic microflora. The paper shows the developed technology of anaerobic processing of animal products, which allows one, on the one hand, to solve the environmental problems of animal husbandry, and on the other hand, to produce biogas fuel. The design features of the experimental setup for research are considered. The main indicators of the initial and re-loading manure and the properties of the resulting biogas have been analyzed. It was concluded that a promising direction for increasing the yield of biogas, as well as methane in its composition, it is advisable to improve the design of the bioreactor, to increase the productivity of the bioreactor and reduce the HRT through the use of a leaching layer and immobilization of microorganisms. At the same time, preliminary grinding of the raw material allows one to obtain a relatively better result.
Reliability of technological systems: structure and modeling
Authors: Kurochkin V N , Nikitchenko S L , Nesmiyan A Y , Nazarenk S A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of the structure and methods of mathematical modeling of technological systems for the production of agricultural products. The article presents a study of technological subsystems of the use of machinery and equipment in the production and processing of agricultural products. Examples of elements of a technological system in an agro-industrial complex are a tractor, an agricultural machine, a combine harvester, a device or adapter, a working tool and equipment for maintenance. The structure of mathematical modeling of probabilistic processes of ensuring the reliability of technological systems, taking into account the modeling of the patterns of their functioning, has been developed. It is proposed to consider technological systems in the agro-industrial complex at four levels of the hierarchy: technological systems of operations of the crop, livestock and other agricultural and processing agricultural products of industries, technological systems of processes of crop production, animal husbandry, processing of raw materials of plant and animal origin, technological systems of production units and technological systems of production units of enterprises. A block diagram of the algorithm for modeling the implementation of the plan and an assessment of the achieved results of increasing reliability in the crop, livestock, processing industries of the agricultural enterprise is presented.
Justification of parameters of a four-row disk harrow using the experiment planning method
Authors: Priporov E V , Priporov I E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Disk harrows with individual installation of the disk on a separate stand are widely used in resource-saving technology of soil preparation for grain crops after late harvesting of row crops (corn, sunflower). Four-row disc harrows provide soil preparation for grain crops in one or two passes through the maize and sunflower predecessors. The main parameter of the disk harrow is the depth of processing, the value of which depends on the disk setting angle to the unit movement direction. An increase in the setting angle is accompanied by not only an increase in the depth of processing, but also the traction resistance and fuel costs for soil treatment increase. However, a number of disk parameters also affect the processing depth value – the diameter, the inclination angle of the disk in the vertical plane, the width of the chamfer cutting edge, the vertical load on the disk, the thickness of the disk and a number of others. Consideration of these factors during the adjustment to the required processing depth will reduce the disk setting angle to the direction of the unit movement, which will help to reduce disk harrow traction resistance and increase the fuel efficiency of preparing the soil for sowing grain on rowed predecessors.
Methods and means of digital measurement of soil parameters and conditions of functioning of tillage machines for deep loosening of soil
Authors: Kalinin A B , Teplinsky I Z , Ruzhev V A , Kalinina V A , Gerasimova V E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Due to of the widespread application of intensive technologies using energy-saturated machine-tractor units, the formation of over-compacted layers occurs in arable horizon, the presence of which significantly worsens the conditions for the growth and development of cultivated crops, and also violates the ecological balance of agrolandscapes. To eliminate soil compaction, a subsoiler tillage is used, for the successful implementation of which it is required to ensure the setting of rippers below the depth of the dense layers. At the same time, deep loosening requires significant energy expenditures, and therefore the task of finding a rational adjustment value of the depth of deep loosening, at which fuel costs are minimized while ensuring the required quality of soil cultivation, arises. To accomplish the tasks with using of digital measuring systems, the soil state was monitored to a depth of 60 cm. Using of the original methodology for determining the depth of an over-compacted layer, it was possible to obtain a random process of its position and calculate estimates of statistical characteristics. The setting of rippers based on calculations of the statistical characteristics of the random process of the depth of the overcompacted layer according to the results of monitoring the soil condition allows us to ensure the required quality of soil cultivation and minimize energy costs for its implementation.
Shock-absorbing technologies of seed treatment before sowing
Authors: Sukhanova M V , Zabrodin V P , Beltyukov L P , Butenko A F , Poeta R V , Yashchenko V V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the conditions of agriculture biologization an urgent problem is to exclude the destruction of seeds and reduce their injury by the working bodies of machines. The advantages of using equipment with highly elastic working bodies in shock-absorbing technologies for preparing seeds for sowing are described. The process of interaction of seeds with reflective work surfaces was studied experimentally on a specially developed laboratory installation. Elastic working bodies of such devices provide a “gentle shock wave” mode, the impact of which on easily injured legume and potato seeds contributes to the development of positive dynamics of physiological processes in the seed, without injury and destruction of seeds. The impulse pressure is created by the shaking action of the elastic shell on the seeds. By adjusting the amplitude and frequency of vibrations of the elastic shell, it is possible to achieve the necessary value of the impact on the seeds, creating an impulse pressure on the seeds within the limits of those norms. The last, on the one hand, do not have a destructive effect on the seeds. On the other hand, contribute to increasing seed productivity. The developed shock-absorbing technology makes it possible to combine the use of both chemical and biological means of seed protection in large agricultural holdings, as well as in medium and small agricultural enterprises.
Auger orienting device for planting sugar beet root crops
Authors: Ovtov V A , Chirkova N S , Gudin V M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The mechanization of the technological process in planting sugar beet root crops determines the efficiency of sugar beet seeds production. At the same time, the limiting factor is the use of manual labor in the process of planting sugar beet mother liquors. The article presents a three-dimensional model of an auger orienting device with given design parameters for sowing sugar beet mother liquors. The power for the drive of the auger rollers orienting device is determined, which provides the necessary piece-by-piece supply of sugar beet mother liquors at a speed of the sowing unit of 3.6 km/h. The authors carried out the consistency substantiation of the kinematic parameters in auger orienting device operation with the landing apparatus of the sowing machine, taking into account the design parameters of the presented device. The energy calculation of the auger drive orienting device was carried out and the loads acting on the drive shaft of the roller were determined. The gear wheels of the roller drive have been designed, and the stress-strain analysis of the drive shaft of the auger roller has been carried out. The main parameters of the simulated spur gear were determined using the KOMPAS 3D computer-aided design system, which ensure the reliable operation of the auger orienting device of the machine for planting sugar beet root crops with the required productivity.
Improving the efficiency of pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with low power coherent optical radiation
Authors: Taranov M A , Kazakova A S , Gulyaev P V , Ukraintsev M M , Tatarintsev A S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article presents a low-cost method of pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds, namely, germ stimulation, immediately before planting in the ground, the transmission of coherent optical radiation of low power. It also presents the results of laboratory research showing the influence of small energy effects of fixed wavelength optical radiation on changes in growth energy and germination of seed material, as well as on the development of stems and root system of germinated seeds. The authors demonstrate the dependence diagrams showing the efficiency of pre-sowing treatment for seeds of Thunder variety by optical radiation with wavelengths from 450 to 630 nm at different doses of energy exposure.
Soil water regime, yield and grain quality of spring wheat using the direct sowing technology in the steppe zone of Altai Krai
Authors: Belyaev V I , Sokolova L V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents data on the influence of the direct sowing technology on the soil water regime, the yield and the grain quality of the spring wheat in the steppe zone of Altai Krai. The results showed that 2009 was the best year for the spring wheat yield; 2012, 2014 and 2015 were characterized by the minimum values of the soil moisture content and the spring wheat yield. However, there was the highest amount of gluten in grains during these years. The correlation between the yield and the water accumulation in the meter soil layer for the autumn-spring period was the highest, R=0.83. This can be taken into account in the direct sowing technology implementation in the spring soft wheat production.
Technical and economic aspects of the use of soft starters for asynchronous electric drives
Authors: Lebedev K N , Lebedeva G V , Gracheva N N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents data on the results of computer-aided mathematical modeling and experimental studies of transient processes accompanying the start of asynchronous electric drives in order to search for the methods that enable the adjustment of a soft starter to achieve minimum oscillation amplitude of the electric motor dynamic momentum in terms of the current characteristic. The indicators of smoothness, applicable to some types of electric drives of turbine mechanisms, are revealed. It is found that the correlation between the maximum value of the starting current of the electric motor and the maximum amplitude of the momentum fluctuation, as well as between the starting time and the maximum amplitude of the momentum fluctuation, is insignificant. The most informative indicator, providing the function of adaptive self-tuning of the soft starter and maximum technical and economic efficiency of its use, is the oscillation of the dynamic momentum during the start-up. It is established that the amplitude of the dynamic momentum fluctuation can be judged by the displacement of the motor housing during start-up, which will require the modernization of the electric drive. The necessity of additionally calculating the implicit components of costs in terms of the costs of entrepreneurial risk when assessing the economic effect from the modernization of asynchronous electric drives using a soft starter is substantiated.
Procedure for determining the limit state parameters of John Deere tractor transmission units
Authors: Erokhin MN , Pastukhov AG , Kazantsev SP , Kravchenko IN 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Evaluation of reliability of transport and process machines in operation has considerable duration and low reliability. The purpose of the operation is to determine the parameters of the limit state of the transmission units, using the example of cardan joints. The estimated resource indicators are engine loading (based on data from the on-board computer), operating time (according to the on-board computer) and radial play (measured during observations) in the joint, using the example of the John Deere tractor. For laboratory studies, 12 cardan joints of the drive shafts of the gearbox hydraulic module were selected, decommissioned from six tractors upon reaching the maximum operating time established by the manufacturer. Tractors were operated in agricultural farms of the Belgorod region at various agricultural works: plowing, cultivation, disking, transportation. As a result of statistical processing, the average values of the limit state parameters of the tested cardan joints are established: 1) by load Nmp=47.70±45.14 kW; 2) by operating time Lmp=6649±6441 h; 3) along the radial play Δmp=0.274±0.201 mm. The synthesis of the results made it possible to draw the following conclusions. First, specific values of the maximum state parameters of the unit are determined, which allow determining their operability. Second cardan joints with load within the limits of 47.70…92.84 kW have sufficient operability, but if necessary they increase durability and reliability and are suitable for carrying out maintenance actions. Third, cardan joints having operating time within 6649…13090 h and radial play 0.274…0.475 mm, if necessary, they are suitable for repair actions.
Studies to determine the value of air consumption and power of the device for automatic removal of the milking machine
Authors: Ulyanov V , Khripin V , Kiryanov A , Vidov S , Zhizhnov D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Overexposure of the milking machines on the udder of the animal causes a negative effect on the mammary gland, which leads to illness and culling of cows. In this regard, during machine milking, it is necessary not only to ensure the complete milking of animals, but also to remove the teat cups from the udder in a timely manner. In order to solve this problem, the authors have developed a device for automatically removing the hanging part of the milking machine after milking. This device includes an air motor, a reducer and a flexible filament cylinder. In a theoretical consideration of the working process of removing the hanging part of the milking machine, analytical dependencies were obtained which make it possible to determine the airflow rate of the pneumatic motor, depending on its geometric dimensions, the rotor speed, the number of installed blades and the value of the working vacuum. It was found that with an increase in the above parameters, the air consumption increases. Also, expressions have been obtained that allow setting the required power on the cylinder of the device and its rotation frequency to ensure automatic removal of the hanging part of the milking machine at any time, excluding its hitting the floor of the stall.
Justification of parameters of the executive drive of a robotic manipulator of a loading and transport unit
Authors: Nesmiyanov I A , Nikolaev M E , Sharipov R V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To solve the problem of mechanization and automation of loading operations when harvesting vegetables Packed in bags, a loading and transport unit is proposed. A parallel-sequential structure manipulator has been developed for the loading and transport robot. The service area of the pincer grip is obtained from the condition of the specified chassis width. The geometrical parameters of the manipulator boom actuating drive from the condition of providing the required service area are justified. The choice of actuators is based on the condition of minimizing the influence of the maximum value of the force acting on the output link. The analytical dependence of the force on the rod of the Executive actuator on the angle of inclination of the arm of the manipulator is obtained. Graphical dependences of the force on the actuator rod on the angle of rotation of the boom in the form of a three-dimensional surface are constructed. Analytically favorable conditions for the transfer of motion and forces in mechanics are formulated. The quality of motion transmission in the lever mechanisms of the manipulator was evaluated according to the criteria for reducing the pressure angles in the hinges. The description of the loading and transport robot manipulator device is presented. An experimental sample of a parallel-serial manipulator was developed and manufactured. Taking into account the formulated dependencies and limitations allowed us to create a universal prototype of the manipulator, which can be installed on various self-propelled chassis. A system for controlling actuators according to various laws of program movements has been developed. Determining the coordinates of bags of vegetables is determined by the technical vision system.
Experimental studies to identify the influence of low power monochromatic optical radiation on the seeding qualities of cucumber seeds variety “Feniks+”
Authors: Stepanchuk G V , Yudaev I V , Gulyaev P V , Ponomareva N E , Yudin A A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A further increase in the volume of cultivated and harvested agricultural products today depends not on the expansion of sown areas, but on scientific achievements aimed at increasing yields. The experimental study presents the results of studying the effect of low-power monochromatic optical radiation on the seeds of cucumbers of the “Fenisk+” variety. The research is based on the principles of refusal to use chemical fertilizers, the use of natural organic substances, and the creation of conditions for the growth and development of plants, identical to the conditions of their natural growth. There are various physical effects, including those based on the use of electrical energy and its transformation into light energy. Monochromatic optical radiation can be attributed to such effects. Based on the analysis of the experimental results, regression equations were obtained for the dependence of the average dry weight of cucumber seedlings on the wavelength of irradiation and exposure, and the optimal range of wavelengths of optical radiation was found: from 565 to 615 nm. At these wavelengths, the best results were obtained in terms of seed germination, the length of shoots and roots, as well as the dry weight of the vegetative part and roots. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to formulate the technological requirements for the design and development of a specialized electrotechnical installation using monochromatic optical radiation in agricultural production with the aim of presowing stimulation of seeds of such a vegetable crop as cucumbers.