bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroidectomy- And Ptu-Induced Hypothyroidism: Effect of L-Thyroxine on Suppression of Spatial and Non-Spatial Memory Related Signaling Molecules
Authors: Alkadhi Karim , Alzoubi KH 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The calcium/calmodulin protein kinase II (CaMKII) signaling cascade is crucial for hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. In adult rats, Hypothyroidism impairs hippocampus-dependent learning and memory, which can be prevented by simple replacement therapy with L-thyroxine (thyroxine, T4) treatment. In this study, we compared animal models of hypothyroidism induced by thyroidectomy and treatment with propylthiouracil (PTU). Our findings show that thyroidectomy and PTU models are equally effective as indicated by the identical plasma levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and T4. The two model produced identical degree of inhibition of synaptic plasticity as indicated by depression of LTP. We then investigated the effect of thyroidectomy hypothyroidism and thyroxine treatment on the underlying molecular mechanism of spatial and non-spatial types of memory. To generate spatial memory, we used training in the radial arm water maze (RAWM) where rats had to locate a hidden platform. For non-spatial memory, rats were trained to swim to a clearly visible platform in an open swim field. Western blot analysis of hippocampal area CA1 revealed that training, on both mazes, of control and thyroxine-treated hypothyroid rats produced significant increases in the P-CaMKII, PKCγ, calcineurin and calmodulin protein levels, but the training failed to induce such increases in untreated thyroidectomized rats. As expected, we show that thyroxine therapy prevented the deleterious effects of hypothyroidism at the molecular level.
Assessing Changes in Lifestyle and Health-Related Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Web-Based Survey Among Lebanese Adults
Authors: Saadeh Danielle , Hajj Aline , Malaeb Diana , Sacre Hala , Haddad Chadia , Salameh Pascale 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly become a worldwide threat to human health and has significantly impacted peoples’ lives and changed their lifestyle and health behaviors (LHB). This study aims to assess changes in lifestyle and health-related behaviors such as daily habits, dietary habits, physical activity, sleep patterns, psychological problems, and sexual behaviors among the general population in Lebanon during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods

A cross-sectional web-based survey conducted between January 9 and January 28, 2021, enrolled 403 Lebanese adults. The study questionnaire was developed on Google forms in English and Arabic. It included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19, and behavior changes (smoking, alcohol consumption, sexual and hygiene behaviors, and intake of nutritional supplements and immunity-boosting foods), in addition to three scales, i.e., the Lifestyle and Health Behaviors Changes (LHBC-17), WHO-5 Well-being Index, and Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S). Data analysis was done on SPSS software version 21.
Results

The mean age of participants was 29.74 ± 10.81 years, with 51.2% of females. Most participants reported that COVID-19 has profoundly affected their LHBs, whether positively or negatively. Female gender (Beta=-2.336), living in Lebanon (Beta=-7.502), smoking nargileh (Beta=-3.433), having a high BMI (Beta=-0.263), and spending more hours per day using electronic devices during the COVID-19 lockdown (Beta=-0.853) were significantly associated with lower LHBC-17 scores (negative LHB changes). Whereas, living in an urban region (Beta = 2.464), having a job (Beta = 1.920), good overall health (Beta = 3.543), a higher quality of life (Beta = 0.204), and having physical (Beta = 2.101) and mental (Beta = 1.586) health unaffected by the COVID-19 lockdown were all significantly associated with higher LHBC-17 scores (positive LHB changes).
Conclusions

Lebanese adults reported several unfavorable lifestyle changes and psychological problems during the lockdown due to COVID-19. Health-promotion strategies are needed to assess negative changes both on physical or mental health and maintain as much as possible positive health-related behaviors among the Lebanese population.
Quasiparticle Nodal Plane in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state of FeSe
Authors: Kasahara Shigeru , Suzuki Hiroki , Machida Tadashi , Sato Yuki , Ukai Yuzuki , Murayama Hinako , Suetsugu Shota , Kasahara Yuichi , Hanaguri Tetsuo , Shibauchi Takasada , Matsuda Yuji 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Among exotic pairing states of interacting fermions, the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, characterized by Cooper
pairs condensed at finite momentum, has been a long-sought state that remains unresolved in many classes of systems, including superconductors and ultracold atoms. A fascinating aspect of the FFLO state is the emergence of periodic nodal planes in real space, but its observation is still lacking. Here we investigate the order parameter structure for c-axis fields on a high purity single crystal of FeSe. The heat capacity and magnetic torque provide thermodynamic evidence for a distinct superconducting phase at the low-temperature/high-field corner of the phase diagram. Despite the bulk superconductivity, spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunneling microscopy (SI-STM) performed on the same crystal demonstrates that the superconducting order parameter vanishes at the surface upon entering the high-field phase. These results imply that the planar node induced perpendicular to H is pinned at the surface, providing evidence of the FFLO pairing state with zeroth Landau level.
Fluorescence of Ocular Surface in a Covid -19 Patient After Favipiravir Treatment: a Case Report
Authors: Doran Mehmet Ali , Aytogan Hasan , Ayintap Emre 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundFavipiravir is used in treatment of Covid-19 patients. We aimed in this case report to share of ocular surface fluorescence in a patient after Favipiravir treatment.Case PresentationA 20 years-old male ,with no medical history, applied to us with blurry vision and blue light reflection after Covid-19 treatment with Favipiravir. We observed bilateral fluorescence on his eyes and fluorescence of his nails. Biomicroscopic examination was insignificant.Conclusion We investigated the fluorescence of favipiravir tablets under ultraviolet light. Drug demonstrated fluorescence. We recorded the favipiravir fluorescence independently of the patient. This is strong evidence that the fluorescence of the patient’s ocular surface and favipiravir are linked.
Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Lycium chinese and L. ruthenicum Under Salinity Stress
Authors: Qin Xiaoya , Yin Yue , Zhao Jianhua , An Wei , Fan Yunfang , Liang Xiaojie , Cao Youlong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: High soil salinity often adversely affects plant physiology and agricultural productivity of almost all crops worldwide, including the crude drug known as wolfberry. However, the mechanistic basis of this action in wolfberry is not fully understood yet.Results: Here in this study, we studied potentials different mechanisms in Chinese wolfberry (Lycium chinese, LC) and black wolfberry (L. ruthenicum, LR) under salinity stress, by analyzing their transcriptome and metabolome. The hormone detection analysis revealed that the ABA content was significantly lower in LR than LC under normal conditions, but increased sharply under salinity stress in LR but not in LC. The transcriptome analysis showed that the enriched salinity-responsive genes in wolfberry were mainly related to MAPK signaling, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, carbon metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways in LC, while mainly related to carbon metabolism and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum in LR. Metabolome results indicated that LR harbored higher flavone and flavonoid content than LC under normal conditions. However, when exposed to salinity stress, flavone and flavonoid content hardly changed in LR, whereas flavonoid and flavone biosynthesis was activated to resist to salinity stress in LC.Conclusions: Our results adds ABA and flavone metabolism to mechanistic understanding of salinity tolerance in wolfberry. In addition, flavone play a positive role in resistance to salinity stress in wolfberry.
The added value of trabecular bone score over bone mineral density for identification of the bone architecture in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Tavassoli Samaneh , Esmaeilii Zakiye , Besharat Sima , Norouzi Alireza , Sohrabi Ahmad , Amlashi Fazel Isapanah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and aims:Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) suffer from different level of bone diseases in density and architectures. This study has been designed to measure Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) in IBD patients, Golestan province, northeast of Iran. Materials and methods:In this cross-sectional study during January 2018 to August 2018, 69 patients with IBD (UC=57 and Crohn’s disease=10; male: female 0.74; mean age, 39 years) recruited from the IBD registry in Golestan Research Center of Gastroentrology and Hepatology. After taking the informed consent, all patients have been interviewed by a trained physician and a questionnaire has been completed. Trabecular bone score (TBS) was performed using lumbar spine dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images. After entering data into the SPSS-16 software, analysis was done using X2 and non-parametric tests.Results:Normal BMD (T Score>-1) was reported in 19 patients, low bone mass (-1 <T Score< -2.5) in 18 and osteoporosis (T Score <-2.5) in 4 patients. TBS results showed that 5 patients had partially degraded microarchitecture and 5 had fully degraded microarchitecture.Conclusion:In the present study on IBD patients, age, BMI, waist circumference and abdominal circumference had been correlated significantly with bone weakness. The duration of disease was correlated significantly with FRAX. The duration of disease was also correlated significantly with risk of major osteoporotic fracture in 10-years (FRAX adjusted MOF).
Genetic diversity and epidemiology of human rhinovirus among children with severe acute respiratory tract infection in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Li Wanwei , Yu Bo , Zhou Jijian , Wang Yanlan , Xue Bao , Pan Jialong , Ran Yanhong , Yang Xiaoping , Wang Xiaoping , Yang Fang , Li Hongjian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Human rhinovirus (HRV) is one of the major viruses of acute respiratory tract disease among infants and young children. HRV is increasingly recognized not only as a cause of mild upper respiratory tract infection, but also in more severe lower respiratory tract infections.
Methods

Hospitalized children aged < 14 years old with acute respiratory tract infections were enrolled from August 2018 to December 2019. HRV was screened for by a real-time reverse-transcription PCR targeting the viral 5′UTR.
Results

HRV was detected in 6.41% of the 655 specimens. HRV infection was frequently observed in children under 2 years old (57.13%). HRV-A and HRV-C were detected in 18 (45%) and 22 (55%) specimens. All 40 HRV strains detected were classified into 29 genotypes. The molecular evolutionary rate of HRV-C was estimated to be 3.34×10− 3 substitutions/site/year and was faster than HRV-A (7.79×10− 4 substitutions/site/year). Children who experienced rhinorrhoea were more common in the HRV-C infection patients than HRV-A. The viral load was higher in HRV-C detection group than HRV-A detection group (p = 0.0148). The median peak symptom score was higher in patients with HRV-C infection as compared to HRV-A (p = 0.0543), even though the difference did not reach significance.
Conclusion

HRV is an important respiratory pathogen in paediatric patients. HRV-A and HRV-C predominate in children with severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs) in Guangzhou. Our findings underline the role of viral load in increasing disease severity attributed to HRV-C infection.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of the gills and hepatopancreas from Macrobrachium rosenbergii exposed to the heavy metal Cadmium (Cd 2+ )
Authors: Liu Xue , Jiang Hucheng , Ye Baoqing , Qian Hongli , Guo Ziqi , Bai Haotian , Gong Jinhua , Feng Jianbin , Ma Keyi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Heavy metal Cadmium (Cd2+) pollution has become a severe environmental problem for aquatic organisms. In crustaceans, gills and hepatopancreas play a vital role in the toxicology. However, in Macrobrachium rosenbergill, there are few researches about gill and hepatopancreases responding to Cd2+ stress at a molecular level. In this study, transcriptomic analysis was applied to characterize gene expression profiles of gills and hepatopancreas of M. rosenbergill after Cd2+ exposure for 0 h, 3 h and 3 d. Six cDNA libraries (Gi 0 h, Gi 3 h, Gi 3 d, Hp 0 h, Hp 3 h, and Hp 3 d) were constructed and a total of 66,676 transcripts and 48,991 unigenes were annotated. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were isolated by comparing the Cd2+ treated time-point libraries (3 h and 3 d group) with the control library (0 h group). The results showed that most of the DEGs were down-regulated after Cd2+ exposure and the number of DEGs among gill groups were significantly higher than those among hepatopancreas groups. GO functional and KEGG pathway analysis suggested many key DEGs in response to the Cd2+ stress, such as metallothionein and Hemocyanin. Additionally, a total of six DEGs were randomly selected to further identify their expressional profile by qPCR. The results indicated that these DEGs were involved in the response to Cd2+. This comparative transcriptome provides valuable molecular information on the mechanisms of responding to Cd2+ stress in M. rosenbergii, which lays the foundation for further understanding of heavy metals stress.
Oyster Mushroom and its value added products
Authors: Kotasthane Tanmay 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cultivation of mushroom is biotechnological process.Two oyster mushroom studied for its consumption and value added products.Pleurotus sajor caju is good in taste and favorite among people as a food.Soup powder made from Pleurotus sajor caju and other ingredients has good flavor and taste.Tomato-mushroom ketchup made from Pleurotus ostreatus and other ingredients has good aroma and taste.Dried oyster mushrooms can be stored for longer period and used in preparation of curries.Oyster mushroom are rich source of proteins, vitamins and minerals.Oyster mushroom cultivation has short duration than other mushroom which makes its good alternative as a food.
Cyclic Siloxane Biosurfactant Producing Bacillus Sp. BS14&nbsp;Biocontrol Charcoal Rot Pathogen Macrophomina Phaseolina and Induce Growth Promotion in Vigna Mungo L.
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Dubey Ramesh Chandra , Maheshwari Dinesh Kumar , Baliyan Nitin , Dheeman Shrivardhan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rhizobacteria are important component of soil-plant interfaces and help in the management of plant diseases by various means. Precisely, the role of biosurfactant is underscored in biocontrol. The current study showed the exploration of biosurfactant-producing bacteria and its effect in indirect reduction of disease severity in pulse crops. In this study, BS14 was screened as plant growth promoting, biosurfactant producing and biocontrol agent against Macrophomina phaseolina. The biosurfactant purified for biocontrol assays and shown inhibition of fungal hyphal growth in dual culture method and cellular-level deformities in mycelia of M. phaseolina, as observed under scanning electron microscopic (SEM). The biosurfactant of Bacillus BS14 was identified as cyclic siloxane in GC-MS-spectroscopy and FTIR-spectroscopy analysis. In pot-trial studies Bacillus sp. BS14 proved their efficiency for the growth-promotion of Vigna mungo and significant reduction in disease severity index. Using biosurfactants is a biological alternative to the control of plant diseases.
0.9% Sodium chloride solution versus Plasma-Lyte 148 versus compound sodium lacTate Solution in children admitted to PICU – a randomised controlled trial – SPLYT-P: study protocol for an intravenous fluid therapy trial
Authors: Raman Sainath , Schibler Andreas , Marsney Renate Le , Trnka Peter , Kennedy Melanie , Mattke Adrian , Gibbons Kristen , Schlapbach Luregn 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Intravenous fluid therapy represents the most common intervention critically ill patients are exposed to. Hyperchloremia and metabolic acidosis associated with 0.9% sodium chloride have been observed to lead to worse outcomes, including mortality. Balanced solutions, such as PlasmaLyte-148 and Compound Sodium Lactate, represent potential alternatives but the evidence on optimal fluid choices in critically ill children remains scarce. The aim of this study is to demonstrate whether balanced solutions, when used as the intravenous fluid therapy, are able to reduce the incidence of a rise in serum chloride level compared to 0.9% sodium chloride in critically ill children.Methods: This is a single centre, open label randomised controlled trial with parallel 1:1:1 assignment into three groups: 0.9% sodium chloride, Plasma-Lyte 148, and Compound Sodium Lactate solutions for intravenous fluid therapy. The intervention includes both maintenance and bolus fluid therapy. Children age <16 years admitted to intensive care and receiving intravenous fluid therapy during the first four hours of admission are eligible. The primary outcome measure is a ³5mmol/L increase in serum chloride level within 48 hours post randomisation. The enrolment target is 480 patients. The main analyses will be intention-to-treat.Discussion: This study tests three types of intravenous fluid therapy in order to compare the risk of hyperchloremia associated with normal saline versus balanced solutions. The pragmatic study is thereby assessing the most common intervention in paediatric critical care. This is a single centre open label study with no blinding at the level of delivery of intervention. Certain Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) patient groups such as patients admitted with a cardiac condition or following traumatic brain injury are excluded from this study. Trial registration: The study has received ethical approval (HREC/19/QCHQ/53177: 06/06/2019). It is registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619001244190) from 9th September 2019. Recruitment commenced on 12th November 2019. The primary results manuscript will be published in a peer reviewed journal.
The Effect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Depression in Combination With Coronary Diseases: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kong De Zhao , Gao Lu , Li Hang , Wang Yu , Wang Miao Miao , Zheng Si Cheng , Zhang Zhe , Yang Guan Lin , Huang Lu Qi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Depression and coronary heart disease (CHD) have common risk mechanisms. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be associated with the risk of depression combined with coronary heart disease. Methods: This protocol was designed according to the PRISMA-P guidelines. CENTRAL in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, Web of Science, CNKI, CQVIP, SinoMed, Wanfang Data, and ChiCTR will be systematically searched. We will include case-control studies and cohort studies investigating the relationship between gene SNPs and depression and coronary heart disease comorbidities. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) will be used to assess the risk of bias. When measuring dichotomous outcomes, we will use the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CIs) in a cohort study and use the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CIs) in a case-control study. Five genetic models (allele model, homozygous model, heterozygous model, dominant model, and recessive model) will be evaluated for each included study. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity will be performed. If necessary, post hoc analysis will be made according to different types.Discussion: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to comprehensively study the current evidence and assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and susceptibility of depression in combination with coronary heart disease.Systematic review registration: This protocol was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO (registration number CRD42021229371).
Phase-delay Induced Variation of Synchronization Bandwidth&nbsp;and Frequency Stability in a Micromechanical Oscillator
Authors: Shi Zhan , Pu Dong , Wang Xuefeng , Huan Ronghua , Jiang Zhuangde , Wei Xueyong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Phase feedback is commonly utilized to set up a synchronized MEMS oscillator for high performance sensor applications. It's a consensus that the synchronization region varies with phase delay with a `Anti-U' mode within 0 to pi and phase delay is typically fixed on pi/2 to achieve maximum synchronization range and best frequency stability. In this paper, phase-delay induced variation of synchronization bandwidth and frequency stability in a micromechanical oscillator is investigated analytically and experimentally. A self-sustained oscillator is built by applying phase feedback to an electrostatically actuated micro-beam resonator and synchronization phenomenon is observed after coupling it to a weak external periodic excitation. The analytical expression for predicting the synchronization bandwidth with phase delay is derived based on the dynamic model, from which three different types (`U', `Anti-U' and `M') of variation pattern of synchronization bandwidth are observed as feedback tuning. The variation of frequency stability along phase delay is also studied. The synchronization bandwidth and the frequency stability have exactly opposite variation pattern with phase delay in linear oscillators while they are totally consistent in nonlinear oscillators. Experimental tests in vacuum environment are carried out to validate the analytical observations. Our work presented here provides a precise way for achieving best performance of a synchronized MEMS oscillator in the sensor application.
Selection and validation of reference genes for normalization of qRT-PCR data to study secondary metabolite related genes in industrial hemp
Authors: Deguchi Michihito , Potlakayala Shobha , Spuhler Zachary , George Hannah , Sheri Vijay , Agili Ruba , Patel Aayushi , Rudrabhatla Sairam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a dioecious crop widely known for its production of phytocannabinoids, flavonoids, and terpenes. In the past two years since its legalization, there has been significant interest in researching this important crop for pharmaceutical applications. Although many scientific reports have demonstrated gene expression analysis of hemp through OMICs approaches, accurate validation of omics data cannot be performed because of lack of reliable reference genes for normalization of qRT-PCR data. The differential gene expression patterns of 13 candidate reference genes under osmotic, heavy metal, hormonal, and UV stress were evaluated through four software packages: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder. The EF-1a ranked as the most stable reference gene across all stresses, TUB was the most stable under osmotic stress, and TATA was the most stable under both heavy metal and hormonal stress. The expression profiles of two cannabinoid pathway genes, AAE1 and THCAS, using the two most stable and single least stable reference genes confirmed that two most stables genes were apt for normalization of gene expression data. This work will contribute to the future studies on the expression analysis of hemp genes regulating the synthesis, transport and accumulation of secondary metabolites.