bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MAVERIC Survey: Simultaneous Chandra and VLA observations of the transitional millisecond pulsar candidate NGC 6652B
Authors: Paduano Alessandro , Bahramian Arash , Miller-Jones James C A , Kawka Adela , Strader Jay , Chomiuk Laura , Heinke Craig O , Maccarone Thomas J , Britt Christopher T , Plotkin Richard M , Shaw Aarran W , Shishkovsky Laura , Tremou Evangelia , Tudor Vlad , Sivakoff Gregory R 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Transitional millisecond pulsars are millisecond pulsars that switch between a rotation-powered millisecond pulsar state and an accretion-powered X-ray binary state, and are thought to be an evolutionary stage between neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries and millisecond pulsars. So far, only three confirmed systems have been identified in addition to a handful of candidates. We present the results of a multiwavelength study of the low-mass X-ray binary NGC 6652B in the globular cluster NGC 6652, including simultaneous radio and X-ray observations taken by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and optical spectroscopy and photometry. This source is the second brightest X-ray source in NGC 6652 ($L_{\textrm {X}}\sim 1.8 \times 10^{34}{\, \mathrm{erg\, s}^{-1}}$) and is known to be variable. We observe several X-ray flares over the duration of our X-ray observations, in addition to persistent radio emission and occasional radio flares. Simultaneous radio and X-ray data show no clear evidence of anticorrelated variability. Optical spectra of NGC 6652B indicate variable, broad H α emission that transitions from double-peaked emission to absorption over a time-scale of hours. We consider a variety of possible explanations for the source behaviour, and conclude that based on the radio and X-ray luminosities, short time-scale variability and X-ray flaring, and optical spectra, NGC 6652B is best explained as a transitional millisecond pulsar candidate that displays prolonged X-ray flaring behaviour. However, this could only be confirmed with observations of a change to the rotation-powered millisecond pulsar state.
Predicting bulge to total luminosity ratio of galaxies using deep learning
Authors: Grover Harsh , Bait Omkar , Wadadekar Yogesh , Mishra Preetish K 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a deep learning model to predict the r-band bulge-to-total luminosity ratio (B/T) of nearby galaxies using their multiband JPEG images alone. Our Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based regression model is trained on a large sample of galaxies with reliable decomposition into the bulge and disc components. The existing approaches to estimate the B/T ratio use galaxy light-profile modelling to find the best fit. This method is computationally expensive, prohibitively so for large samples of galaxies, and requires a significant amount of human intervention. Machine learning models have the potential to overcome these shortcomings. In our CNN model, for a test set of 20 000 galaxies, 85.7 per cent of the predicted B/T values have absolute error (AE) less than 0.1. We see further improvement to 87.5 per cent if, while testing, we only consider brighter galaxies (with r-band apparent magnitude &lt;17) with no bright neighbours. Our model estimates the B/T ratio for the 20 000 test galaxies in less than a minute. This is a significant improvement in inference time from the conventional fitting pipelines, which manage around 2–3 estimates per minute. Thus, the proposed machine learning approach could potentially save a tremendous amount of time, effort, and computational resources while predicting B/T reliably, particularly in the era of next-generation sky surveys such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) and the Euclid sky survey which will produce extremely large samples of galaxies.
Systemic Inflammation and Microbial Translocation Are Characteristic Features of SARS-CoV-2-Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Kumar Nathella Pavan , Venkataraman Aishwarya , Hanna Luke Elizabeth , Putlibai Sulochana , Karthick M , Rajamanikam Anuradha , Sadasivam Kalaimaran , Sundaram Balasubramanian , Babu Subash 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children that can result in increased morbidity and mortality. The inflammatory underpinnings of MIS-C have not been examined in detail.

Methods
We examined the plasma levels of acute phase proteins and microbial translocation markers in children with MIS-C, children with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, SARS-CoV-2-seropositive children, and controls.

Results
MIS-C children exhibited significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha2 macroglobulin (α2M), serum amyloid P (SAP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), sCD14, and LPS binding protein (LBP) and significantly lower levels of haptoglobin (Hp) in comparison with seropositive, control, and/or COVID-19 children. In addition, COVID-19 children exhibited significantly higher levels of most of the above markers in comparison with seropositive and control children. Principal component analysis using a set of these markers could clearly discriminate MIS-C and COVID-19 from seropositive and control children. MIS-C children requiring pediatric intensive care unit admission and COVID-19 children with severe disease had higher levels of CRP, SAP, and/or sCD14 at admission.

Conclusions
Our study describes the role of systemic inflammation and microbial translocation markers in children with MIS-C and COVID-19 and therefore helps in advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of different presentations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.
Optical topometry and machine learning to rapidly phenotype stomatal patterning traits for maize QTL mapping
Authors: Xie Jiayang , Fernandes Samuel B , Mayfield-Jones Dustin , Erice Gorka , Choi Min , E Lipka Alexander , Leakey Andrew D B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Stomata are adjustable pores on leaf surfaces that regulate the tradeoff of CO2 uptake with water vapor loss, thus having critical roles in controlling photosynthetic carbon gain and plant water use. The lack of easy, rapid methods for phenotyping epidermal cell traits have limited discoveries about the genetic basis of stomatal patterning. A high-throughput epidermal cell phenotyping pipeline is presented here and used for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in field-grown maize (Zea mays). The locations and sizes of stomatal complexes and pavement cells on images acquired by an optical topometer from mature leaves were automatically determined. Computer estimated stomatal complex density (SCD; R2 = 0.97) and stomatal complex area (SCA; R2 = 0.71) were strongly correlated with human measurements. Leaf gas exchange traits were genetically correlated with the dimensions and proportions of stomatal complexes (rg = 0.39–0.71) but did not correlate with SCD. Heritability of epidermal traits was moderate to high (h2 = 0.42–0.82) across two field seasons. Thirty-six QTL were consistently identified for a given trait in both years. Twenty-four clusters of overlapping QTL for multiple traits were identified, with univariate versus multivariate single marker analysis providing evidence consistent with pleiotropy in multiple cases. Putative orthologs of genes known to regulate stomatal patterning in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were located within some, but not all, of these regions. This study demonstrates how discovery of the genetic basis for stomatal patterning can be accelerated in maize, a C4 model species where these processes are poorly understood.
Sheet-like clay nanoparticles deliver RNA into developing pollen to efficiently silence a target gene
Authors: Yong Jiaxi , Zhang Run , Bi Shengnan , Li Peng , Sun Luyao , Mitter Neena , Carroll Bernard J. , Xu Zhi Ping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Topical application of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can induce RNA interference (RNAi) and modify traits in plants without genetic modification. However, delivering dsRNA into plant cells remains challenging. Using developing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pollen as a model plant cell system, we demonstrate that layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles up to 50 nm in diameter are readily internalized, particularly by early bicellular pollen, in both energy-dependent and energy-independent manners and without physical or chemical aids. More importantly, these LDH nanoparticles efficiently deliver dsRNA into tomato pollen within 2–4 h of incubation, resulting in an 89% decrease in transgene reporter mRNA levels in early bicellular pollen 3-d post-treatment, compared with a 37% decrease induced by the same dose of naked dsRNA. The target gene silencing is dependent on the LDH particle size, the dsRNA dose, the LDH–dsRNA complexing ratio, and the treatment time. Our findings indicate that LDH nanoparticles are an effective nonviral vector for the effective delivery of dsRNA and other biomolecules into plant cells.
Complicating the Role of White Racial Attitudes and Anti-Immigrant Sentiment in the 2016 US Presidential Election
Authors: Enns Peter K , Jardina Ashley 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Some scholars argue that Donald Trump’s electoral college victory in 2016 was predicated on his ability to attract racially hostile white voters. Others argue that the increased relationship between whites’ racial attitudes and presidential vote choice in 2016 was because racial attitudes and partisanship had become even more aligned following the presidency of Barack Obama. Building on research that shows voters tend to update their policy positions to align with their preferred candidates, we propose a third mechanism that helps account for the strong relationship between whites’ racial attitudes and vote choice in 2016. We hypothesize that over the course of the presidential campaign, many whites shifted their survey responses on questions related to race and immigration to align with their support for Trump or Clinton. To test this argument, we use a unique panel dataset from surveys conducted by YouGov of more than 5,000 respondents interviewed at multiple points during the 2016 presidential election campaign. We find that the strong link between white attitudes toward Black Americans and Trump support observed in prior studies is likely due as much to white Trump supporters updating their survey responses to report opinions more consistent with Trump’s, as it is to Trump drawing support from more racially antagonistic white voters. Similar results emerge with respect to whites’ immigration opinions. These findings complicate our understanding of the 2016 election by offering direct evidence that Trump’s campaign benefited from and catalyzed racial divisions. The results also hold implications for how we study election and campaign effects and the stability of race and immigration attitudes.
The modification of cancer risk by chemicals
Authors: Harrison David J , Doe John E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Advances in understanding of the process of carcinogenesis have undermined the concept of chemicals being classifiable as either carcinogens or non-carcinogens. Elements of carcinogenesis are happening all the time and a proportion of cancers cannot be prevented, the ‘bad luck hypothesis’. Although the proportion that can be prevented is disputed, it is important to continue efforts to reduce it. Factors that increase cancer risk have been grouped into intrinsic factors that cannot be modified, and endogenous and exogenous factors that can be modified. Chemicals are exogenous factors that can be modified by risk management measures. Chemicals can alter three key rates that influence cancer risk: cell division, mutation rate per cell division, transformation rate of mutated cells to cancer. These rates can form the basis of a dynamic cancer risk model, a generic, adverse outcome pathway for carcinogenesis where chemicals are considered for their ability to modify cancer risk rather than simply whether they are classed as carcinogens or non-carcinogens. This allows the development of different strategies for assessing cancer risk that use a range of data sources and are not dependent on using long-term bioassays and epidemiology to identify carcinogens. The framework will also allow difficult questions such as the effect of less than lifetime exposures and the effect of exposures to more than one chemical to be addressed.
The early evolution of cranial appendages in Bovoidea revealed by new species of Amphimoschus (Mammalia: Ruminantia) from China
Authors: Li Yi-Kun , Mennecart Bastien , Aiglstorfer Manuela , Ni Xi-Jun , Li Qiang , Deng Tao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The cranial appendage (headgear) is an iconic structure of modern ruminants, and four of the five extant pecoran families display morphological and physiological specialties. They probably share one origin from the same genetic basis, whereas the evolution of the cranial appendages is still debatable, especially in consideration of fossil taxa lacking headgear. Amphimoschus is an enigmatic pecoran that comprises no more than two species, mainly known from the late early/early middle Miocene of Western and Central Europe and considered not to possess any cranial appendages. Here, we present Amphimoschus xishuiensis sp. nov., discovered in the Tabenbuluk area, Gansu Province, China. The new species reveals the first evidence of cranial ornamentations in the genus, including a supraorbital bump, an antorbital protuberance and frontal thickening. In our phylogenetic analysis the genus was inferred as a basal member of the Bovoidea, and thus the cranial ornamentations of A. xishuiensis might provide insight into the early evolution of cranial appendages in Bovoidea. They could be interpreted as weapons to defend territories in intense intraspecific or interspecific competition during the late early Miocene.
Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty for Proximal Humerus Fracture
Authors: Schultz Blake J. , Lowe Dylan T. , Egol Kenneth A. , Zuckerman Joseph D. 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
There are a variety of treatment options available for proximal humerus fractures, including nonoperative management, open reduction internal fixation with screws, locking plates, intramedullary nailing, or suture fixation, and arthroplasty, including hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder replacements. Fracture characteristics, including the number of fracture parts and involvement of the humeral head and glenoid and the patient's functional status and postoperative goals help dictate the optimal choice. Although the indications for hemiarthroplasty as treatment for severe proximal humerus fractures have narrowed, the authors believe that there is a still a place for this technique in practice.
Talar Neck and Sustentaculum Fracture Fixation
Authors: He Bo , Neiman Rafael 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
Talar neck fractures are uncommon fractures that result from high-energy trauma causing bony and soft tissue injury. When combined with sustentaculum fractures, care must be taken to plan the approach and fracture fixation strategy. We present a 57-year-old woman who experienced a motor vehicle accident, sustaining a Hawkins II talar neck fracture with associated sustentaculum tali fracture. We demonstrate the dual-incision approach to the talar neck with medial screw and lateral plate fixation. The sustentaculum fixation was accomplished with cannulated screws through a direct medial approach.
Retrograde Intramedullary Nail for Distal Femur Fracture, Through a Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Davis Max , Wilson Jenna , Weick Jack , Hake Mark 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
Distal femur fractures are common in the elderly population. The risk of sustaining a distal femur fracture is increased with the presence of total knee arthroplasty components. Fixation with a retrograde intramedullary nail is a viable option for treatment of these injuries. This case-based video demonstrates the preoperative planning, techniques, and potential technical pitfalls to performing a retrograde intramedullary nail through a total knee arthroplasty in patients with a distal femur fracture.
Treatment of a Chronic Elbow Dislocation With an Internal Fixator
Authors: Schultz Blake J. , Lowe Dylan T. , Pean Christian A. , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
There are a variety of ways to treat chronic elbow dislocations, including repeat closed reduction and immobilization, transarticular pinning, temporary bridge plating, hinged or rigid external fixation, and internal fixator application. Although each have distinct advantages and disadvantages, avoiding recurrent instability is critical. The internal-fixator is a relatively new option to maintain a stable, concentric reduction and facilitate early range of motion. This article and accompanying video describe the surgical technique of using an internal joint stabilizer for treatment of a chronically unstable ulnohumeral joint.
Acute Care Reimagined: Home Hospital Care Can Support the Triple Aim and Reduce Health Disparities
Authors: Johnson, Emily E. 
Published: July 2021

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Home hospital care (HHC) is a new and exciting concept that holds the promise of achieving all three components of the Triple Aim and reducing health disparities. As an innovative care delivery model, HHC substitutes traditional inpatient hospital care with hospital care at home for older patients with certain conditions. Studies have shown evidence of reduced cost of care, improved patient satisfaction, and enhanced quality and safety of care for patients treated through this model. The steady growth in Medicare Advantage enrollment and the expansion in 2020 of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Hospitals Without Walls program to include acute hospital care at home creates an opportunity for hospitals to implement such programs and be financially rewarded for reducing costs. Capacity constraints exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic suggest that now is the ideal time for healthcare leaders to test and advance the concept of HHC in their communities.
A National Survey of Secondary Traumatic Stress and Work Productivity of Emergency Nurses Following Trauma Patient Care
Authors: Jobe Judy A. , Gillespie Gordon L. , Schwytzer Deborah 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Secondary traumatic stress is common for emergency nurses working in trauma care, but it is unknown whether this secondary traumatic stress negatively correlates to work productivity.

Objective:
The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between secondary traumatic stress and work productivity of emergency nurses who provide trauma patient care in the emergency department.

Methods:
This study used a cross-sectional survey design with a systematic random sample of emergency nurses. Respondents (N = 255) completed the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Healthcare Productivity Survey (HPS) on the basis of trauma patient care within the preceding 30 days. A 2-tailed Pearson correlation was calculated to explore the relationship between secondary traumatic stress and work productivity for emergency nurses providing trauma patient care.

Results:
Mean IES-R score was 19.1, and HPS score was 2.7. About 38% of respondents reported high secondary traumatic stress, and 29% reported decreased work productivity. Although overall correlation between IES-R and HPS was not significant, IES-R-Intrusion was significantly correlated with HPS-Cognitive Demands (p = .003) and HPS-Safety and Competency (p = .011), IES-R-Avoidance with HPS-Safety and Competency (p = .003), and IES-R-Hyperarousal with HPS-Cognitive Demands (p = .002) and HPS-Handle/Manage Workload (p = .015).

Conclusions:
Secondary traumatic stress and decreased work productivity were significant problems for some emergency nurses. To address this problem, employers can provide stress reduction and management techniques to emergency nurses providing trauma patient care. In addition, emergency nurses need to be proactive in seeking social support and using stress mitigation and reduction programs.
A Critical Pathway for Mass Casualty Incident Preparedness
Authors: Moran Mary E. , Blecker Nathan , Gothard M. David , George Richard L. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Rates of mass casualty incidents (MCIs) have been on the rise in the United States, highlighting the need for health care systems to have an emergency response plan. Trauma centers are fundamental during MCIs and serve a crucial leadership role in preparedness for them.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to describe the design and implementation of simulated MCI drills at an American College of Surgeons verified Level I trauma center in the Midwest.

Methods:
A quasi-experimental time-series design was utilized to determine MCI simulation effects on staff performance using an emergency department checklist to measure emergency department throughput time. A multidisciplinary MCI design team developed a checklist for the emergency department, which identified tasks required to complete it. The 16-item checklist, Critical Pathway Management methodology, was used to identify the critical pathway for patient throughput during a surge. Two in situ MCI simulation drills were conducted in the emergency department (October and December 2019), and Critical Pathway Management identified the primary patient throughput rate limiters as notification and inpatient nursing staff presentation.

Results:
Emergency department throughput decreased from a mean of 15 to 11 min (reduction of 26.7%) between the two time periods after focusing on rate-limiting tasks.

Conclusion:
This quality improvement project demonstrated that the use of institution-specific checklists and Critical Pathway Management to identify critical pathways and potential rate limiters led to patient throughput improvements.
Catalyzing the Translation of Patient-Centered Research Into United States Trauma Care Systems
Authors: Zatzick Douglas , Moloney Kathleen , Palinkas Lawrence , Thomas Peter , Anderson Kristina , Whiteside Lauren , Nehra Deepika , Bulger Eileen 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The expedient translation of research findings into sustainable intervention procedures is a longstanding health care system priority. The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) has facilitated the development of “research done differently,” with a central tenet that key stakeholders can be productively engaged throughout the research process. Literature review revealed few examples of whether, as originally posited, PCORI’s innovative stakeholder-driven approach could catalyze the expedient translation of research results into practice.

Objectives:
This narrative review traces the historical development of an American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS/COT) policy guidance, facilitated by evidence supplied by the PCORI-funded studies evaluating the delivery of patient-centered care transitions. Key elements catalyzing the guidance are reviewed, including the sustained engagement of ACS/COT policy stakeholders who have the capacity to invoke system-level implementation strategies, such as regulatory mandates linked to verification site visits. Other key elements, including the encouragement of patient stakeholder voice in policy decisions and the incorporation of end-of-study policy summits in pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial design, are discussed.

Conclusions:
Informed by comparative effectiveness trials, ACS/COT policy has expedited introduction of the patient-centered care construct into US trauma care systems. A comparative health care systems conceptual framework for transitional care which incorporates Research Lifecycle, pragmatic clinical trial and implementation science models is articulated. When combined with Rapid Assessment Procedure Informed Clinical Ethnography (RAPICE), employed as a targeted implementation strategy, this approach may accelerate the sustainable delivery of high-quality patient-centered care transitions for US trauma care systems.