bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of therapy equipment for osteoarthritis patients based on static bikes using QFD and human centre design method
Authors: Prastawa H , Mahachandra A A S M , Salsabila R , Sanu D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The most frequently affected by Osteoarthritis (OA) is the knee joint (genu osteoarthritis). Therapeutic exercises for sufferers of knee OA are divided into 6 (six) programs, including strengthening to increase the strength of muscle contraction. The design to develop is based on the existing tools and input from users so that it is easily accessed widely for OA sufferers or doctors or therapists. The best choices for knee OA therapy are aerobics and strengthening of the thigh muscles by training the quadriceps muscles. There are several methods used to train quadriceps muscles, including straightening the legs when sitting and bending the legs while lying on his stomach. Meanwhile, aerobics training requires technology in the form of a static bicycle. This study was conducted based on the product development process, it has several stages that start with making a mission statement. The stages are: identify customer’s needs, establish target specifications, generate product concepts, select product concept(s), test product concept(s), and the last is set the final specifications. This stage of the study resulted in 3 alternative designs and 1 design selective, that have been synthesized from the expectation and desires of the stakeholders and will continue with the design details until the prototype is presented.
A Comparative Study of Performance Between Two Combined Ventilation Systems and Their Effect On Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort Inside Office Rooms
Authors: Saheb Hussien Aziz , Mahdi Ala’a Abbas , Al-amir Qusay Rasheed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The most important problems that must be solved and improved in ventilation research are indoor air quality and thermal comfort. The Iraqi climate is characterized by being very hot and dry, so fresh cold air must be provided to the occupants of offices, factories, workshops and others to improve thermal comfort and increase their efficiency. This study focused on improving the quality of inhaled air by using two types of ventilation systems (mixing and displacement ventilation) in combined with a personal ventilation system. This study was a set of numerical tests that were conducted to predict the temperature distribution, air movement and speed inside a closed office room subject to the Iraqi climate in terms of weather conditions. This numerical study was carried out using (AIRPAK3.0.16) which is used to solve turbulence equations, Naiver stock, energy equations, and use of (FVM). A thermally isolated room was simulated with a personal ventilation system that supplies air at temperatures from 21 to 23 °C for case I (personal and mixing) and supplies air at a temperature from 18 to 20 °C for case II (personal and displacement) the air velocity for both cases was 0.6 m/s. It was found that there was a positive effect of the personal ventilation system in both cases, but its effect was more pronounced in the first case, through numerical calculations for each of the effectiveness of heat removal (εt) and air distribution performance index (ADPI), where (74.361) and (1.549) were found for the first case, and (68.321) and (1.71) for the second case.
An Experimental study of some Physical properties on Gallium Antimonide Nanocrystals
Authors: Majeed Saad , Al-Rawi Bilal K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study includes preparing Nano-thin films of gallium antimonide (GaSb) and study the physical properties of this films. These films are prepared by using a vacuum evaporation technique with pressure (10−6 Torr). They were deposited on glass substrates. After the preparation process, some of its optical and structural properties, such as (energy gap, optical absorption, AFM, SEM and XRD) were studied. By discussing the results, it was found that the prepared GaSb thin films have worthwhile structural and optical properties. These properties can be used in the preparation and manufacture of infrared devices, laser detectors and photoelectric applications. The distinguished obtained characteristics are of interest to a large number of researchers within the fields of semiconducting materials. The potential applications that could employ GaSb Nano-thin films in their work are infrared devices and wide range applications of detectors and photo electronics. For example, Li-Fi technology, which relies on visible light as a means of transmitting data instead of radio frequencies, in addition to it does not generate any radiation as in Wi-Fi, as it ultimately depends on visible light.
Morphology, Structure, and Optical Properties of ZnO nanorods/Eosin-y Grown via Microwave-assisted Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Rahma A J , Oleiwi H F , Khaleel S G , Mutter M M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) was a highly attractive semiconductor material because it has a lot of properties such as non-toxic oxide, a friend of the environment, and stability for biological and biomedical applications. ZnO nanoparticle was deposited on the FTO substrates using sol-gel and spin-coating techniques and microwave-assisted hydrothermal methods were used to grow ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) from the seed layer. After that, the surface of ZNRs was modified using organic Eosin-y dye with different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 3) mM to enhance the surface of ZNRs. The XRD patterns of the as-synthesized ZNRs were indicated that the wurtzite hexagonal structure and the diameter of ZNRs will be increased after coated with Eosin-y and the surface becomes rough. The ZNRs/Eosin-y adsorbed more than 50% incident light and the electronic properties of ZNRs/1mM Eosin-y were studied using Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and the results proved that 1 mM was the optimum concentration of Eosin-y dye that lead to increase the defects which could be enhanced the properties of ZNRs surface.
Composite Breast Remodeling After Implant Removal by Tissue Recruitment and Loops Fixation With Power-Assisted Liposuction and Lipofilling (PALLL)
Authors: Abboud Marwan H , Kapila Ayush K , Bogaert Svetlana , Abboud Nicolas M 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of women wish breast implant removal whilst maintaining an acceptable projection and form were possible.ObjectivesThe authors propose a technique to remodel the breast after implant removal utilizing internal suture loops to project the breast, recruit abdominal and axillary tissue cranially and medially, and provide a matrix for lipofilling.MethodsA prospective analysis was performed of consecutive patients undergoing implant extraction followed by power-assisted liposuction loops and lipofilling. Patient characteristics were measured. The aesthetic results were evaluated by 2 independent raters. Patient-reported satisfaction was measured by standardized questionnaires.ResultsImplants in 52 patients with an average age of 55 and body mass index of 23.7 were extracted followed by breast remodeling. A total of 73% of patients had implants for aesthetic reasons, 41% were smokers, and 43% of the reconstruction cases received radiotherapy. A total of 28% had implant extraction for rupture, 58% for capsular contracture, and 14% due to pain and migration. The average volume of the implants removed was 292 cc, followed by an average lipofilling of 223 cc, yielding a ratio of 0.76 to 1. The average tissue recruited by loops was 82.5 cc. Independent raters measured 79% of results as good, 13% as acceptable, and 8% as requiring improvement; 80% of patients were satisfied to very satisfied.ConclusionsThe authors propose implant extraction followed by power-assisted liposuction loops and lipofilling can provide footprint definition, sustained projection, and high patient satisfaction. Moreover, the recruitment of a vascularized adipo-cutaneous flap by loops allows a reduced ratio of fat grafting to implant volume.Level of Evidence: 4
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in patients diagnosed with breast cancer: meta-analysis
Authors: Davey M G , Ryan É J , Davey M S , Lowery A J , Miller N , Kerin M J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Uncertainty exists regarding the clinical relevance of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in breast cancer.

Methods
A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Observational studies that compared high versus low expression of PD-L1 on breast cancer cells were identified. Log hazard ratios (HRs) for disease-free and overall survival and their standard errors were calculated from Kaplan–Meier curves or Cox regression analyses, and pooled using the inverse-variance method. Dichotomous variables were pooled as odds ratios (ORs) using the Mantel–Haenszel method.

Results
Sixty-five studies with 19 870 patients were included; 14 404 patients were classified as having low and 4975 high PD-L1 expression. High PD-L1 was associated with achieving a pathological complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR 3.30, 95 per cent confidence interval 1.19 to 9.16; P &lt; 0.01; I2 = 85 per cent). Low PD-L1 expression was associated with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (OR 3.98, 1.81 to 8.75; P &lt; 0.001; I2 = 96 per cent) and luminal (OR 14.93, 6.46 to 34.51; P &lt; 0.001; I2 = 99 per cent) breast cancer subtypes. Those with low PD-L1 had favourable overall survival rates (HR 1.30, 1.05 to 1.61; P = 0.02; I2 = 85 per cent).

Conclusion
Breast cancers with high PD-L1 expression are associated with aggressive clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics and are more likely to achieve a pathological complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These breast cancers are, however, associated with worse overall survival outcomes.
Megasphaera in the Stool Microbiota Is Negatively Associated With Diarrheal Cryptosporidiosis
Authors: Carey Maureen A , Medlock Gregory L , Alam Masud , Kabir Mamun , Uddin Md Jashim , Nayak Uma , Papin Jason , Faruque A S G , Haque Rashidul , Petri William A , Gilchrist Carol A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
The protozoan parasites in the Cryptosporidium genus cause both acute diarrheal disease and subclinical (ie, nondiarrheal) disease. It is unclear if the microbiota can influence the manifestation of diarrhea during a Cryptosporidium infection.

Methods
To characterize the role of the gut microbiota in diarrheal cryptosporidiosis, the microbiome composition of both diarrheal and surveillance Cryptosporidium-positive fecal samples from 72 infants was evaluated using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Additionally, the microbiome composition prior to infection was examined to test whether a preexisting microbiome profile could influence the Cryptosporidium infection phenotype.

Results
Fecal microbiome composition was associated with diarrheal symptoms at 2 timepoints. Megasphaera was significantly less abundant in diarrheal samples compared with subclinical samples at the time of Cryptosporidium detection (log2 [fold change] = –4.3; P = 10–10) and prior to infection (log2 [fold change] = –2.0; P = 10–4); this assigned sequence variant was detected in 8 children who had diarrhea and 30 children without diarrhea. Random forest classification also identified Megasphaera abundance in the pre- and postexposure microbiota as predictive of a subclinical infection.

Conclusions
Microbiome composition broadly, and specifically low Megasphaera abundance, was associated with diarrheal symptoms prior to and at the time of Cryptosporidium detection. This observation suggests that the gut microenvironment may play a role in determining the severity of a Cryptosporidium infection.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02764918.
Improved Sobolev Inequality Under Constraints
Authors: Hang Fengbo , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We give a new proof of Aubin’s improvement of the Sobolev inequality on $ \mathbb{S}^{n}$ under the vanishing of 1st-order moments of the area element and generalize it to higher-order moments case. By careful study of an extremal problem on $\mathbb{S}^{n}$, we determine the constant explicitly in the 2nd-order moments case.
Assessment of the reliability of the IHI Global Trigger Tool: new perspectives from a Brazilian study
Authors: Moraes Sara Monteiro , Ferrari Teresa Cristina Abreu , Figueiredo Natália Mansur Pimentel , Almeida Thaís Novaes Costa , Sampaio Caio César Lôbo , Andrade Yane Cristine Pereira , Benedito Regina Oliveira , Beleigoli Alline Maria 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
To assess the reliability of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's Global Trigger Tool (IHI-GTT) between nurses and medical students as primary reviewers to measure adverse events (AEs).

Design
Interrater reliability study.

Setting
A 500-bed general public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Participants
A randomly selected sample of 220 hospital admissions of adults (≥18 years) from Oct-Nov, 2016.

Intervention
Two 4th-5th year-medical students and two experienced nurses applied a Portuguese-translated version of the IHI-GTT to medical records. The role of medical reviewer was performed by two senior physicians specialists in Internal Medicine.

Main Outcome Measures
Ability to identify AEs was compared between pairs and against medical reviewer through percentage inter-examiner agreement and Kappa coefficient (K). Two outcomes -- “AE identification” and “category of harm” -- were evaluated according to two different denominators  -- “admissions” (the total number of admissions evaluated in the sample; reflects the presence or not of at least one AE in each admission) and “all possibilities of agreement” (obtained by adding each identified AE to the admissions without events; allows agreement assessment to be performed for each AE individually).

Results
Were identified 199 adverse events in 90 hospitalizations, with rates of 40.9% of admissions with AEs, 76.1 AEs/1,000 patient-days and 90.5 AEs/100 admissions. Comparing student–pair and nurse–pair, we found K = 0.76 (95% IC 0.62–0.88) and K = 0.17 (95% IC 0.06–0.27) for “AE identification” outcome and K = 0.28 (95% IC 0.01–0.55) and K = 0.46 (95% IC 0.28–0.64) for “category of harm” outcome to denominators “admission” and “all possibilities of agreement”, respectively. There was no significant difference between the performances of the different primary reviewers composed in any analyses.

Conclusion
IHI-GTT reliability varies considerably depending on the denominator used to calculate agreement. As the purpose of the tool is, in addition to measuring, promoting opportunities for quality of care improvement, the individual analysis of the AEs seems more appropriate. Further studies are needed to assess the implications of the slight agreement reached between primary reviewers on the test‘s overall accuracy. Moreover, advanced medical students may be considered for primary review in settings where unavailability of staff is a barrier to IHI-GTT adoption.
Identifying risk of opioid use disorder for patients taking opioid medications with deep learning
Authors: Dong Xinyu , Deng Jianyuan , Rashidian Sina , Abell-Hart Kayley , Hou Wei , Rosenthal Richard N , Saltz Mary , Saltz Joel H , Wang Fusheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
The United States is experiencing an opioid epidemic. In recent years, there were more than 10 million opioid misusers aged 12 years or older annually. Identifying patients at high risk of opioid use disorder (OUD) can help to make early clinical interventions to reduce the risk of OUD. Our goal is to develop and evaluate models to predict OUD for patients on opioid medications using electronic health records and deep learning methods. The resulting models help us to better understand OUD, providing new insights on the opioid epidemic. Further, these models provide a foundation for clinical tools to predict OUD before it occurs, permitting early interventions.

Methods
Electronic health records of patients who have been prescribed with medications containing active opioid ingredients were extracted from Cerner’s Health Facts database for encounters between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017. Long short-term memory models were applied to predict OUD risk based on five recent prior encounters before the target encounter and compared with logistic regression, random forest, decision tree, and dense neural network. Prediction performance was assessed using F1 score, precision, recall, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve.

Results
The long short-term memory (LSTM) model provided promising prediction results which outperformed other methods, with an F1 score of 0.8023 (about 0.016 higher than dense neural network (DNN)) and an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.9369 (about 0.145 higher than DNN).

Conclusions
LSTM–based sequential deep learning models can accurately predict OUD using a patient’s history of electronic health records, with minimal prior domain knowledge. This tool has the potential to improve clinical decision support for early intervention and prevention to combat the opioid epidemic.
Potential interaction between autophagy and auxin during maize leaf senescence
Authors: Feng Xue , Liu Lili , Li Zhigang , Sun Fang , Wu Xiaoyuan , Hao Dongyun , Hao Huaiqing , Jing Hai-Chun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Leaf senescence is important for crop yield as delaying it can increase the average yield. In this study, population genetics and transcriptomic profiling were combined to dissect its genetic basis in maize. To do this, the progenies of an elite maize hybrid Jidan27 and its parental lines Si-287 (early senescence) and Si-144 (stay-green), as well as 173 maize inbred lines were used. We identified two novel loci and their candidate genes, Stg3 (ZmATG18b) and Stg7 (ZmGH3.8), which are predicted to be members of autophagy and auxin pathways, respectively. Genomic variations in the promoter regions of these two genes were detected, and four allelic combinations existed in the examined maize inbred lines. The Stg3Si-144/Stg7Si-144 allelic combination with lower ZmATG18b expression and higher ZmGH3.8 expression could distinctively delay leaf senescence, increase ear weight and the improved hybrid of NIL-Stg3Si-144/Stg7Si-144 × Si-144 significantly reduced ear weight loss under drought stress, while opposite effects were observed in the Stg3Si-287/Stg7Si-287 combination with a higher ZmATG18b expression and lower ZmGH3.8 expression. Thus, we identify a potential interaction between autophagy and auxin which could modulate the timing of maize leaf senescence.
Distinct plastid fructose bisphosphate aldolases function in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic metabolism in Arabidopsis
Authors: Carrera Dániel Árpád , George Gavin M , Fischer-Stettler Michaela , Galbier Florian , Eicke Simona , Truernit Elisabeth , Streb Sebastian , Zeeman Samuel C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Plastid metabolism is critical in both photoautotrophic and heterotrophic plant cells. In chloroplasts, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) catalyses the formation of both fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate within the Calvin–Benson cycle. Three Arabidopsis genes, AtFBA1–AtFBA3, encode plastidial isoforms of FBA, but the contribution of each isoform is unknown. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that FBA1 and FBA2 derive from a recently duplicated gene, while FBA3 is a more ancient paralog. fba1 mutants are phenotypically indistinguishable from the wild type, while both fba2 and fba3 have reduced growth. We show that FBA2 is the major isoform in leaves, contributing most of the measurable activity. Partial redundancy with FBA1 allows both single mutants to survive, but combining both mutations is lethal, indicating a block of photoautotrophy. In contrast, FBA3 is expressed predominantly in heterotrophic tissues, especially the leaf and root vasculature, but not in the leaf mesophyll. We show that the loss of FBA3 affects plastidial glycolytic metabolism of the root, potentially limiting the biosynthesis of essential compounds such as amino acids. However, grafting experiments suggest that fba3 is dysfunctional in leaf phloem transport, and we suggest that a block in photoassimilate export from leaves causes the buildup of high carbohydrate concentrations and retarded growth.
Cis-regulation of the amino acid transporter genes ZmAAP2 and ZmLHT1 by ZmPHR1 transcription factors in maize ear under phosphate limitation
Authors: Wang Ruifeng , Zhong Yanting , Liu Xiaoting , Zhao Cheng , Zhao Jianyu , Li Mengfei , Ul Hassan Mahmood , Yang Bo , Li Dongdong , Liu Renyi , Li Xuexian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition have profound and complicated innate connections; however, underlying molecular mechanisms are mostly elusive. PHR1 is a master phosphate signaling component, and whether it directly functions in phosphorus–nitrogen crosstalk remains a particularly interesting question. In maize, nitrogen limitation caused tip kernel abortion and ear shortening. By contrast, moderately low phosphate in the field reduced kernels across the ear, maintained ear elongation and significantly lowered concentrations of total free amino acids and soluble proteins 2 weeks after silking. Transcriptome profiling revealed significant enrichment and overall down-regulation of transport genes in ears under low phosphate. Importantly, 313 out of 847 differentially expressed genes harbored PHR1 binding sequences (P1BS) including those controlling amino acid/polyamine transport and metabolism. Specifically, both ZmAAP2 and ZmLHT1 are plasma membrane-localized broad-spectrum amino acid transporters, and ZmPHR1.1 and ZmPHR1.2 were able to bind to P1BS-containing ZmAAP2 and ZmLHT1 and down-regulate their expression in planta. Taken together, the results suggest that prevalence of P1BS elements enables ZmPHR1s to regulate a large number of low phosphate responsive genes. Further, consistent with reduced accumulation of free amino acids, ZmPHR1s down-regulate ZmAAP2 and ZmLHT1 expression as direct linkers of phosphorus and nitrogen nutrition independent of NIGT1 in maize ear under low phosphate.
Galactic merger implications for eccentric nuclear discs: a mechanism for disc alignment
Authors: Rodriguez Alexander , Generozov Aleksey , Madigan Ann-Marie 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The nucleus of our nearest, large galactic neighbour, M31, contains an eccentric nuclear disc – a disc of stars on eccentric, apsidally aligned orbits around a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Previous studies of eccentric nuclear discs considered only an isolated disc, and did not study their dynamics under galaxy mergers (particularly a perturbing SMBH). Here, we present the first study of how eccentric discs are affected by a galactic merger. We perform N-body simulations to study the disc under a range of different possible SMBH initial conditions. A second SMBH in the disc always disrupts it, but more distant SMBHs can shut off differential precession and stabilize the disc. This results in a more aligned disc, nearly uniform eccentricity profile, and suppression of tidal disruption events compared to the isolated disc. We also discuss implications of our work for the presence of a secondary SMBH in M31.