bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct Factors Drive the Spatiotemporal Progression of Tau Pathology in Older Adults
Authors: Adams Jenna N. , Harrison Theresa M. , Maass Anne , Baker Suzanne L. , Jagust William J. 
Published: December 2021

Mechanisms underlying the initial accumulation of tau pathology across the human brain are largely unknown. We examined whether baseline factors including age, amyloid-β (Aβ), and neural activity predicted longitudinal tau accumulation in temporal lobe regions that reflect distinct stages of tau pathogenesis. Seventy cognitively normal human older adults (77 ± 6 years, 59% female) received two or more18F-flortaucipir (FTP) and11C-Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) PET scans (mean follow-up, 2.5 ± 1.1 years) to quantify tau and (Aβ). Linear mixed-effects models were used to calculate the slopes of FTP change in entorhinal cortex (EC), parahippocampal cortex (PHC), and inferior temporal gyrus (IT), and slopes of global PiB change. Thirty-seven participants underwent functional MRI to measure baseline activation. Older age predicted EC tau accumulation, and baseline EC tau levels predicted subsequent tau accumulation in EC and PHC. In IT, however, baseline EC tau interacted with Aβ to predict IT tau accumulation. Higher baseline local activation predicted tau accumulation within EC and PHC, and higher baseline hippocampal activation predicted EC tau accumulation. Our findings indicate that factors predicting tau accumulation vary as tau progresses through the temporal lobe. Older age is associated with initial tau accumulation in EC, while baseline EC tau and neural activity drive tau accumulation within medial temporal lobe. Aβ subsequently facilitates tau spread from medial to lateral temporal lobe. Our findings elucidate potential drivers of tau accumulation and spread in aging, which are critical for understanding Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo further understand the mechanisms leading to tau pathogenesis and spread, we tested whether baseline factors such as age, amyloid-β pathology, and activation predicted longitudinal tau accumulation in cognitively normal older adults. We found that distinct mechanisms contribute to tau accumulation as tau progresses across the temporal lobe, with initial tau accumulation in entorhinal cortex driven by age and subsequent spread driven by neural activity and amyloid-β. We demonstrate that higher baseline activation predicts increased longitudinal tau accumulation, providing novel evidence that activation-dependent tau production may occur in the human brain. Our findings support major hypotheses generated from preclinical research, and have important translational implications, suggesting that the reduction of hyperactivation may help prevent the development of tau pathology.
Contribution of G-Protein α-Subunits to Analgesia, Hyperalgesia, and Hyperalgesic Priming Induced by Subanalgesic and Analgesic Doses of Fentanyl and Morphine
Authors: Araldi Dionéia , Bonet Ivan J. M. , Green Paul G. , Levine Jon D. 
Published: December 2021

While opioids produce both analgesia and side effects by action at μ-opioid receptors (MORs), at spinal and supraspinal sites, the potency of different opioids to produce these effects varies. While it has been suggested that these differences might be because of bias for signaling via β-arrestin versus G-protein α-subunits (Gα), recent studies suggest that G-protein-biased MOR agonists still produce clinically important side effects. Since bias also exists in the role of Gα subunits, we evaluated the role of Gαi/osubunits in analgesia, hyperalgesia, and hyperalgesic priming produced by fentanyl and morphine, in male rats. We found that intrathecal treatment with oligodeoxynucleotides antisense (AS-ODN) for Gαi2, Gαi3, and Gαomarkedly attenuated hyperalgesia induced by subanalgesic dose (sub-AD) fentanyl, while AS-ODN for Gαi1, as well as Gαi2 and Gαi3, but not Gαo, prevented hyperalgesia induced by sub-AD morphine. AS-ODN for Gαi1 and Gαi2 unexpectedly enhanced analgesia induced by analgesic dose (AD) fentanyl, while Gαi1 AS-ODN markedly reduced AD morphine analgesia. Hyperalgesic priming, assessed by prolongation of prostaglandin E2-induced hyperalgesia, was not produced by systemic sub-AD and AD fentanyl in Gαi3 and GαoAS-ODN-treated rats, respectively. In contrast, none of the Gαi/oAS-ODNs tested affected priming induced by systemic sub-AD and AD morphine. We conclude that signaling by different Gαi/osubunits is necessary for the analgesia and side effects of two of the most clinically used opioid analgesics. The design of opioid analgesics that demonstrate selectivity for individual Gαi/omay produce a more limited range of side effects and enhanced analgesia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBiased μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists that preferentially signal through G-protein α-subunits over β-arrestins have been developed as an approach to mitigate opioid side effects. However, we recently demonstrated that biased MOR agonists also produce hyperalgesia and priming. We show that oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to different Gαi/osubunits play a role in hyperalgesia and analgesia induced by subanalgesic and analgesic dose (respectively), of fentanyl and morphine, as well as in priming. Our findings have the potential to advance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in adverse effects of opioid analgesics that could assist in the development of novel analgesics, preferentially targeting specific G-protein α-subunits.
The Realization of Mood and Modality in the Analytical Exposition of the Undergraduate Students of Tidar University
Authors: Puspitasari Vivanti , Warsono Warsono , Sutopo Djoko 
Published: December 2021

Writing can be among the most enjoyable and satisfying activities to measure the ability to produce well-formed sentences. This study dealt with the realization of MOOD and Modality in the analytical exposition of the undergraduate students of Tidar University. Fifteen analytical exposition texts were analyzed to determine how the indicative MOOD, the imperative MOOD, modalization, and modulation were realized in the analytical exposition of undergraduate students of Tidar University. The type of this study is qualitative case study research. This study employed Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) based on Suzan Eggins (2004) as a framework since this level of structured language creates meaning that can be sought and identified. There were 511 clauses found in the fifteen analytical expositions. The result revealed several findings: (1) it was found that declarative MOOD was the most dominant of the indicative of MOOD system; (2) that the imperative MOOD type was not dominant; (3) that probability was more dominant than usuality. There were 73 clauses, or around 97% categorized as a probability, and 2 clauses or about 3% were categorized as the usuality; (4) that the obligation was dominant (14 clauses). Then, no clauses were indicated as the inclination. It was concluded that the realization could be seen from the type of indicative, imperative, modalization, and modulation that were found in the analytical exposition text of the undergraduate students of Tidar University.
The main directions of sustainable socio-economic development of the Caspian littoral areas of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the existing environmental problems
Authors: Imrani Zaur T. , Mammadova Shakar İ. , Hadjiyeva Nasiba N. , Vysotskyi Oleksandr Y. 
Published: December 2021

In Azerbaijan, since the earliest times, the Caspian Sea has contributed to the Received in revised form: 07.10.2021 settlement of population and structure of the economy. The favourable natural geographical conditions of the coasts, exploitation of offshore oil and gas fields and rich tourist-recreational potential favoured the economy of Azerbaijan significantly. However, sea-level fluctuations and environmental damage observed due to exploitation of natural resources served as curbing factor in the development. In modern times, planning of residential areas in the coastal areas, improvement of industrial, agricultural and tourism infrastructure, and successful management of the ecological situation are achievable through effective use of the natural resources and human potential of the Caspian Sea. The coastal region of the Caspian Sea, composed of three zones, is favourable for the development of Azerbaijan’s economy. Theattractiveness of coastal areas is related mainly to preferences of natural conditions and resources and the advantages of their transport- geographical location. As a result, the development level of the economy of the Pre-Caspian region is higher compared to other regions of the country. The region accounts for 88.7 % of the total industrial output in the country. The main part of it, i. e. 95.7 % is shared by the city of Baku. The cause of significant difference in development level between the regions and the capital Baku is associated with the use of oil and gas resources of the Caspian. Thus, offshore oil and gas reserves in the Caspian have played a notable role in the development of coastal areas, and of the country’s whole economy. This has led to inequality in terms of regional development. This factor prompted the need to study the role of the use of resources of the Caspian Sea in the sustainable development of Azerbaijan’s economy. In order to achieve the goal, a comparative analysis of the leading economic branches in the Pre-Caspian regions was carried out from a historical point of view. The obtained information was systematized, and the socio-economic aspects of sustainable development were identified based on statistical-mathematical materials. Aerospace data were used as well.
Fostering Students’ Creativity in Academic Writing at Islamic Junior High School Koto Tuo, West Pasaman
Authors: Kamal Muhiddinur , Arrifaldi Muhammad Zainuddin bin , Rezi Muhamad 
Published: December 2021

The current study aimed at 1) developing a portfolio-based learning model at Madrasah Tsanawiyah, and 2) testing the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the developed learning model. The design of the study was Research and Development (RD) using a 4-D model (defines, design, develop, and disseminate). Teachers’ books, students’ workbooks, a learning model, and validity, reliability, and practicality test were designed to support the implementation of the learning model to the teaching and learning process in the classroom. The qualitative data were collected through observation, interviews, and field notes, while the quantitative data were obtained from test and questionnaires. The data then were used to develop a final portfolio-based learning model. The findings revealed that 1) the learning instruments of portfolio-based learning model such as teachers’ book, students’ workbook, the learning manual could be adopted to implement the model; 2) the learning model was valid, practical and effective. The learning model triggered students’ engagement to study academic writing. It is concluded that the development of a portfolio-based learning model motivated students to study academic writing. Therefore, using a portfolio-based learning model was recommended to discuss further in different research.
Determining patterns in the formation of functional-technological properties of a fat-based semi-finished product in the technology of sponge cake products
Authors: Dikhtyar Aliona , Andrieieva Svetlana , Fedak Natalia , Grinchenko Olga , Pyvovarov Yevgen 
Published: December 2021

This paper reports the development of a technology for a fat-based semi-finished product, which was used in the manufacturing of products made from butter sponge-cake batter. When combining high-oleic type oils, beeswax, and monoglyceride, the dense emulsion "oleogel" is formed, which can replace fatty products in flour products technology. The fat-based semi-finished product devised fully matches the technological functions of margarine.
The expediency of using sunflower oil of high-oleic type (90.0 %) was established, as a base for the fat-based semi-finished product, as well as the rational percentage of organogelators (monoglyceride, 7 %, beeswax, 3 %), which would ensure the production of a fat-based semi-finished product for the target purpose.
The feasibility of using a fat-based semi-finished product has been determined in order to solve two tasks: the introduction of a fat-based semi-finished product that contains high-oleic sunflower oil and has several functional benefits of a healthy diet. The fat-based semi-finished product devised could replace butter in the butter sponge cake technology.
It was established that the use of the fat-based semi-finished product ensures the production of products from sweet dough, characterized by the highest values of specific volume and porosity. Applying the fat-based semi-finished product makes it possible to increase the yield of finished products (shrinkage decreases by 19.5 % compared to the control sample, to 18.4 %). The parameters for storing finished products from sweet dough containing the fat-based semi-finished product have been substantiated. It was determined that intensive fat release begins on day 7 of storage of finished products. After 10 days of storage, the experimental samples of sponge cakes release 2.0 times less fat than the control sample.
The technology for making products from sweet dough using the fat-based semi-finished product has been developed.
Analysis of the nature of the composition substances of sour-milk dessert with plant-based fillers
Authors: Polishchuk Galyna , Kuzmyk Uliana , Osmak Tetiana , Kurmach Mykhailo , Bass Oksana 
Published: December 2021

The nature and interaction of the constituent substances that make up the sour-milk dessert with plant-based fillers have been studied by the method of IR spectroscopy. This method is used to study the diverse nature of substances. The spectral range applied was in the range of 500–4,000 s -1.
It was found that the intensity of functional groups absorption in the range of 2,500–3,500 s-1 is due to the valence vibrations of NH-, CH and S-H-groups, indicating the presence of free organic acids, aromatic substances. In addition, in the spectra of sour-milk dessert with plant-based fillers, an absorption intensity in the range of 1,470–1,335 s-1 is observed, which indicates the presence of soluble pectin. Proteins characteristics in the samples are observed at absorption in the range of 3,300–3,500 cm -1, which is due to the valence vibrations of the N-H bond in the -NH2 groups.
The use of fruits in the form of a freeze-dried powder together with milk protein concentrate in the technology of sour-milk desserts helps reduce the content of free moisture, hence a stable structure.
Sour-milk dessert with plant-based fillers is a system consisting of particles of different dispersion, which will affect its physical and chemical properties. In particular, there is a slight coarsening of whey proteins and redistribution between particles in the range of 1–10 nm and 1–100 nm.
The use of plant-based fillers in the form of a freeze-dried powder in the technology of sour-milk desserts would not only improve its physical and chemical properties but also could make it possible to enrich the product with minerals.
The mineral composition of the sour-milk dessert is marked by the calcium content (122 mg/100 g), potassium (97 mg/100 g), phosphorus (82 mg/100 g), sodium (50 mg/100 g), and sulfur, iron.
Determining the pectinesterase enzyme activity when storing table grape varieties depending on the degree of ripening
Authors: Kazimova İlhama , Nabiyev Ahad , Omarova Elza 
Published: December 2021

Grapes are rich in easily digestible carbohydrates, mineral compounds, vitamins, phenolic compounds. and other vital components. It is known that fresh grapes can be used from September to December. To prolong the terms of consumption of this valuable raw material, the most appropriate varieties and conditions for storing grapes have been determined. White, pink, and red grape varieties were taken as the object of research. The changes in the activity of the pectinesterase enzyme were determined depending on the degree of ripening of table grape varieties, the change in the pectinesterase enzyme during storage of table grape varieties in various variants was investigated. Statistical processing and calculation of variations in the indicators of changes in the activity of the enzyme pectinesterase were performed, depending on the degree of ripening of grapes of the Shamakhi Marandi variety.
During the study, the pectinesterase enzyme remained more stable in mature varieties. This means that in ripe table grape varieties, the absorption of nutrients in the respiratory process is significantly slowed down. However, as they mature, the activity of the pectinesterase enzyme gradually increases. Therefore, for long-term storage in refrigerated chambers, fully ripe varieties of table grapes were used; to this end, grapes of the white Ganja table variety, the pink Shamakhi Marandi variety, and the red Black Asma variety are more suitable.
The comparison of the investigated variants showed that table grape varieties, when stored in a refrigerated chamber in a controlled atmosphere, at 3–4 % CO2 and 2–3 % O2, retain better quality than other variants. When storing table grape varieties of various variants in the refrigerator, the enzyme activity decreases but is not completely suppressed.
Influence of aeration rate and method of process activation on the degree of purification of zinc-containing waste water by ferritization
Authors: Yemchura Bogdan , Kochetov Gennadii , Samchenko Dmitry , Kovalchuk Oleksandr 
Published: December 2021

The aeration rate for the degree of purification of highly concentrated galvanic wastewater from zinc and ferrum ions was investigated using various activation methods. It is shown that the intensity of aeration has a significant effect on the quality of wastewater treatment and the characteristics of water treatment sludge. The efficiency of the use of an energy-saving method for activating the ferritization process with the use of electromagnetic pulses for the extraction of zinc ions from wastewater has been confirmed.
It was determined that with an increase in the aeration rate to 3.5 dm3/min per 1 dm3 of the reaction mixture and the use of thermal activation of the process, the residual concentration of zinc ions remains within the range of 0.12÷0.2 mg/dm3. In this case, the concentration of ferrum ions decreases to values of 0.08÷0.14 mg/dm3. It was found that at an aeration rate of 2.5 dm3/min and the use of pulsed electromagnetic (EMP) activation, the residual concentrations of heavy metal ions decrease to values of 0.08÷0.16 mg/dm3. Comparison of the results indicates the advisability of using low rates of aeration of the reaction mixture. This, together with the use of resource-saving EMR process activation, allows to achieve a significant reduction in energy costs.
The quantitative phase composition of ferritization precipitates was determined, in which the crystalline phases of zinc ferrite Zn2Fe2O4 and magnetite Fe3O4, as well as ferrum oxyhydroxide FeO (OH) and sodium sulfate Na2SO4, prevail. It is found that with an increase in the volumetric aeration rate, the proportion of the ferrite phase increases. At an aeration rate of 2.0 dm3/min, more than 85 % of the zinc ferrite phase was found in the sediments. Taking into account the qualitative and quantitative composition of precipitates, it is recommended to use them in the production of building materials.
The experimental results obtained make it possible to provide a comprehensive processing of liquid galvanic waste.
Analysis of state of public financing of environmental protection
Authors: Yaroshevych Nataliia , Stybel Volodymyr , Gutyj Bogdan , Hrymak Oleh , Kushnir Lesya , Kalaitan Tetyana , Kondrat Iryna 
Published: December 2021

The main task of this study consists in evaluating the state of funding for environmental protection measures and substantiating the ability of the state and local communities to increase investments in environmental protection. To this end, the following was studied from 2010 through 2020:
1) mechanisms of filling and using funds of the Environmental Protection Fund of state and local budgets;
2) proportions of distribution of environmental revenues and expenditures between levels of the budget system. The analysis results showed that opportunities of the public economy sector in terms of environmental investment are reduced because of imperfect distributing mechanisms:
‒ the budgetary expenditures for environmental protection measures;
‒ the environmental tax revenues to the budget funds.
It was established that a significant part (about 70 %) of the "environmental" funds of the public economy sector is directed to non-priority goals and measures. Less than half of the amount of environmental tax revenues is allocated for financing environmental activities. This does little to address pressing environmental issues and hinders the sustainable development of the country. There was a significant discrepancy between the tax burden on "polluters" of water bodies (3 % of the total amount of environmental tax) and the levels of their polluting activities (30‒40 % of all costs of the national economy to eliminate the effects of pollution). In order to increase public investments in the reproduction of the environmental and natural resource potential:
1) ways to improve the mechanism of using the Fund of Environmental Protection were proposed;
2) reserves for increasing capital environmental investments from the budget have been identified.
Development of a model of selecting cloud software for a road construction organization under interval information
Authors: Kononykhin Oleksandr 
Published: December 2021

The object of research is the management processes of a road construction organization. The research is based on the principles of systems analysis for structuring design processes; methods of mathematical modeling, fuzzy mathematics, discrete programming, multicriteria assessment and optimization for the selection of cloud software for road construction organizations in terms of interval information. The information system of a road construction organization includes planning, reporting, regulatory and technical documentation that characterizes the state and movement of information in the enterprise. It is important to use systems that speed up the generation, processing and preparation of documents, as well as improve the storage and retrieval of information. The introduction of cloud technologies has become a necessary condition for increasing the mobility, flexibility and efficiency of the management system of a road construction organization. Formalized processes of information collection and internal distribution can better predict the dynamics of market trends and act more quickly, make decisions confidently and reasonably. In the final stages of selection for assessment, it is convenient to apply the criteria in conditions of interval uncertainty. The study was aimed at improving the efficiency of transport management by developing a model for choosing the cloud software of a road construction organization in terms of interval information. The following criteria of partial optimization were used in the developed model: maximum speed of execution of functions by cloud software; minimum cloud software requirements for internet connection speed; minimum cost of cloud software. The scope of permissible solutions is determined by restrictions:
– execution of all functions must be provided by cloud software;
– the minimum speed of execution of functions by the cloud software should be not lower than set;
– cloud software requirements for Internet connection speed should not exceed the specified;
– the cost of cloud software should be no more than specified.
The developed model will reduce the cost of purchasing cloud software and increase the efficiency of transport management of a road construction organization.