bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advancements on Biopolymer‐ Based Flexible Electrolytes for Next‐Gen Supercaps and Batteries: A Brief Sketch
Authors: Raghavan Akshaya , Ghosh Sutapa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith a huge upsurge in the energy requirements all over the world, development of energy storage devices with high safety standards without compromising the ecological aspects has become the need of the hour, that propelled the scientific community to search for alternative yet promising sources of energy that would prevent the exhaustion of natural resources. Numerous attempts have been undertaken to utilize the renewable biopolymers in the evolution of solid‐ state electrolytes, as a substitute for liquid electrolytes which are prone to cause leakage leading to hazardous accidents. Despite strenuous efforts, it is still challenging to strike a right balance between the biopolymer elements and the conducting additives. In this review, we aim to lay out a recap on the progress achieved in recent times by employing biopolymers as electrolyte components and its future prospects, that would assist the researchers across the globe to inch one step closer in their quest to find the best electrolyte system for flexible electronics.
Time periodic pulse electroosmotic flow of Jeffreys fluids through a parallel plate microchannel
Authors: Li Dongsheng , Li Kun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the time periodic pulse electroosmotic flow (EOF) of Jeffreys fluids through a parallel plate microchannel. The driving mode of pulse EOF here is considered as a rectangle pulse. Using the method of Laplace transform, the analytical solution of velocity and volumetric flow rate of pulse EOF is derived. The effects of pertinent dimensionless parameters on the velocity and volumetric flow rate are discussed in detail. Results show that the pulse width is a valuable parameter for analyzing the influence of relaxation time and retardation time on magnitude of velocity and volumetric flow rate when the fluid flow reaches the steady state. Increasing the relaxation time reduces he magnitude of velocity and volumetric flow rate at low value pulse width , yet the trend is opposite for larger pulse width . The increase of retardation time will reduce the magnitude of velocity and volumetric flow rate no matter whether the value of pulse width is large or not. Furthermore, the frequency of velocity profile and volumetric flow rate is different because of the different pulse width . With the increase of pulse width , the different change frequency of velocity profile and volumetric flow rate slows down, which means a long cycle time. And as the relaxation time and pulse width grow, the time required for the fluid flow to reach a steady state will become longer. The conclusions have theoretical significance for biofluid based microfluidic transport systems driven by pulsed electric field.
Suizid und Suizidbeihilfe aus rechtlicher und ethischer Perspektive
Authors: Henking Tanja 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Bundesverfassungsgericht hat im Jahr 2020 das Verbot der geschäftsmäßigen Beihilfe zur Selbsttötung für verfassungswidrig und nichtig erklärt. Das Gericht leitet aus dem allgemeinen Persönlichkeitsrecht ein Recht auf selbstbestimmtes Sterben ab. Dieses Recht schließe auch die Freiheit ein, sich das Leben zu nehmen sowie hierfür bei Dritten Hilfe zu suchen und Hilfe, soweit sie angeboten wird, auch in Anspruch zu nehmen. Inzwischen liegen einige Regelungsvorschläge und Gesetzesentwürfe vor, die unterschiedliche Konzeptionen einer möglichen zukünftigen Regelung der Suizidbeihilfe verfolgen. Der Suche nach einer neuen Regelung sollte aber aus strafrechtlicher Perspektive stets die Frage nach der Erforderlichkeit einer neuen Regelung vorausgehen. Eine Neuregelung darf sich nicht auf bestimmte Personengruppen, wie beispielsweise Personen mit unheilbarer, tödlicher Erkrankung, beschränken, weil andernfalls das Suizidmotiv bewertet würde. Dieses bringt die besondere Herausforderung mit sich, eine Regelung zu finden, die ohne eine Bewertung des Suizidmotivs die unterschiedlichen Problem- und Bedürfnislagen erfasst und dabei auch in den Blick nimmt, dass die Autonomie des Einzelnen in unterschiedlicher Weise gefährdet sein kann.Der Beitrag nimmt seinen Ausgangspunkt in dem Recht auf Selbsttötung, beleuchtet unterschiedliche Konzepte und diskutiert ihre Vor- und Nachteile, ohne einzelne Gesetzesvorschläge explizit herauszustellen. Hierdurch soll die weitere Debatte um einzelne Aspekte bereichert werden. Zugleich wird dafür geworben, gesetzgeberische Zurückhaltung zu üben.
Between the Eurozone crisis and the Brexit: the decade of British outward FDI into Europe
Authors: Cieślik Andrzej , Gurshev Oleg , Hamza Sarhad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the determinants of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) of British multinational firms in the European Union (EU) and the European Free Trade Association members across 2009–2019 using Bayesian model averaging. We find evidence that supports the existence and dynamic behavior of the East–West structure of FDI between three groups of countries: core-EU, Central and Eastern European economies (CEE), and the Nordics. Further, we document the importance of relative market size, urbanization, the rule of law in attaining horizontal FDI in the core-EU economies. In turn, infrastructure spending and enhanced political stability are the most important drivers for FDI in CEE (post-2000 accession). Finally, our results highlight the negative effects of the Eurozone crisis and Brexit anticipation on British OFDI activity in the region. The findings remain robust when accounting for potential MNE profit shifting to partners such as Ireland, Luxembourg, and alike.
The mantle source of basalts from Reunion Island is not more oxidized than the MORB source mantle
Authors: Brounce Maryjo , Stolper Edward , Eiler John 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlasses quenched from relatively undegassed ocean island magmas erupted from volcanoes at Iceland, Hawaii, the Canary Islands, and Erebus have elevated Fe3+/∑Fe ratios compared to glasses quenched from mid-ocean ridge basalts. This has been ascribed to elevated fO2 of their mantle sources, plausibly due to subducted, oxidized near-surface-derived components in their mantle sources. The basaltic magmas from Reunion Island in the Indian ocean have Sr–Nd-Hf-Pb-Os isotopic compositions suggesting that their mantle sources contain little or no subducted near-surface materials and contain the C/FOZO/PREMA mantle component. To constrain the fO2 of the C/FOZO/PREMA mantle component and test the link between oxidized OIB and recycled surface-derived materials in their sources, we measured major and volatile element abundances and Fe3+/∑Fe ratios of naturally glassy, olivine-hosted melt inclusions from Piton de La Fournaise volcano, La Reunion. We conclude that the fO2 of the mantle source of these Reunion lavas is lower than of the mantle sources of primitive, undegassed magmas from Hawaii, Iceland, the Canary Islands, and Mt. Erebus, and indistinguishable from that of the Indian-ocean upper mantle. This finding is consistent with previous suggestions that the source of Reunion lavas (and the C/FOZO/PREMA mantle component) contains little or no recycled materials and with the suggestion that recycled oxidized materials contribute to the high fO2 of some other OIBs, especially those from incompatible-element-enriched mantle sources. Simple mixing models between oxidized melts of EM1 and HIMU components and relatively reduced melts of DMM can explain the isotopic compositions and Fe3+/∑Fe ratios of lavas from Hawaii, Iceland, the Canary Islands, and Mount Erebus; this model can be tested by study of additional OIB magmas, including those rich in the EM2 component.
PLAFOKON: a new concept for a patient-individual and intervention-specific flexible surgical platform
Authors: Bernhard Lukas , Krumpholz Roman , Krieger Yannick , Czempiel Tobias , Meining Alexander , Navab Nassir , Lüth Tim , Wilhelm Dirk 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Research in the field of surgery is mainly driven by aiming for trauma reduction as well as for personalized treatment concepts. Beyond laparoscopy, other proposed approaches for further reduction of the therapeutic trauma have failed to achieve clinical translation, with few notable exceptions. We believe that this is mainly due to a lack of flexibility and high associated costs. We aimed at addressing these issues by developing a novel minimally invasive operating platform and a preoperative design workflow for patient-individual adaptation and cost-effective rapid manufacturing of surgical manipulators. In this article, we report on the first in-vitro cholecystectomy performed with our operating platform.

Methods
The single-port overtube (SPOT) is a snake-like surgical manipulator for minimally invasive interventions. The system layout is highly flexible and can be adapted in design and dimensions for different kinds of surgery, based on patient- and disease-specific parameters. For collecting and analyzing this data, we developed a graphical user interface, which assists clinicians during the preoperative planning phase. Other major components of our operating platform include an instrument management system and a non-sterile user interface. For the trial surgery, we used a validated phantom which was further equipped with a porcine liver including the gallbladder.

Results
Following our envisioned preoperative design workflow, a suitable geometry of the surgical manipulator was determined for our trial surgery and rapidly manufactured by means of 3D printing. With this setup, we successfully performed a first in-vitro cholecystectomy, which was completed in 78 min.

Conclusions
By conducting the trial surgery, we demonstrated the effectiveness of our PLAFOKON operating platform. While some aspects – especially regarding usability and ergonomics – can be further optimized, the overall performance of the system is highly promising, with sufficient flexibility and strength for conducting the necessary tissue manipulations.
Implications for sedimentary transport processes in southwestern Africa: a combined zircon morphology and age study including extensive geochronology databases
Authors: Gärtner Andreas , Hofmann Mandy , Zieger Johannes , Sagawe Anja , Krause Rita , Stutzriemer Marika , Gesang Subani , Gerdes Axel , Marko Linda , Lana Cristiano , Linnemann Ulf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExtensive morphological and age studies on more than 4600 detrital zircon grains recovered from modern sands of Namibia reveal complex mechanisms of sediment transport. These data are further supplemented by a zircon age database containing more than 100,000 single grain analyses from the entire southern Africa and allow for hypothesising of a large Southern Namibian Sediment Vortex located between the Damara Orogen and the Orange River in southern Namibia. The results of this study also allow assuming a modified model of the Orange River sand highway, whose origin is likely located further south than previously expected. Moreover, studied samples from other parts of Namibia give first insights into sediment movements towards the interior of the continent and highlight the potential impact of very little spatial variations of erosion rates. Finally, this study points out the huge potential of detrital zircon morphology and large geo-databases as an easy-to-use additional tool for provenance analysis.
Is Oxygenation Related to the Decomposition of Organic Matter in Cryoconite Holes?
Authors: Buda Jakub , Poniecka Ewa A. , Rozwalak Piotr , Ambrosini Roberto , Bagshaw Elizabeth A. , Franzetti Andrea , Klimaszyk Piotr , Nawrot Adam , Pietryka Mirosława , Richter Dorota , Zawierucha Krzysztof 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCryoconite is a sediment occurring on glacier surfaces worldwide which reduces ice albedo and concentrates glacier surface meltwater into small reservoirs called cryoconite holes. It consists of mineral and biogenic matter, including active microorganisms. This study presents an experimental insight into the influence of sediment oxygenation on the cryoconite ability to produce and decomposition of organic matter. Samples were collected from five glaciers in the Arctic and the European mainland. Cryoconite from three glaciers was incubated in stagnant and mechanically mixed conditions to imitate inter-hole water–sediment mixing by meltwater occurring on glaciers in Northern Hemisphere, and its effect on oxygen profiles and organic matter content. Moreover, we investigated short-term changes of oxygen conditions in cryoconite from four glaciers in illuminated and dark conditions. An anaerobic zone was present or approaching zero oxygen in all illuminated cryoconite samples, varying in depth depending on the origin of cryoconite: from 1500 µm from Steindalsbreen (Scandinavian Peninsula) and Forni Glacier (The Alps) to 3100 µm from Russell Glacier and Longyearbreen (Arctic) after incubation. Organic matter content varied between glaciers from 6.11% on Longyearbreen to 16.36% on Russell Glacier. The mixed sediment from the Forni Glacier had less organic matter than stagnant, the sediment from Longyearbreen followed this trend, but the difference was not statistically significant, while the sediment from Ebenferner did not differ between groups. Our results have implications for the understanding of biogeochemical processes on glacier surfaces, the adaptation of organisms to changing physical conditions due to abrupt sediment mixing, but also on the estimation of productivity of supraglacial systems.
The de Almeida–Thouless Line in Hierarchical Quantum Spin Glasses
Authors: Manai Chokri , Warzel Simone 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe determine explicitly and discuss in detail the effects of the joint presence of a longitudinal and a transversal (random) magnetic field on the phases of the Random Energy Model and its hierarchical generalization, the GREM. Our results extent known results both in the classical case of vanishing transversal field and in the quantum case for vanishing longitudinal field. Following Derrida and Gardner, we argue that the longitudinal field has to be implemented hierarchically also in the Quantum GREM. We show that this ensures the shrinking of the spin glass phase in the presence of the magnetic fields as is also expected for the Quantum Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model.
The (real) need for a human touch: testing a human–machine hybrid topic classification workflow on a New York Times corpus
Authors: Sebők Miklos , Kacsuk Zoltán , Máté Ákos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe classification of the items of ever-increasing textual databases has become an important goal for a number of research groups active in the field of computational social science. Due to the increased amount of text data there is a growing number of use-cases where the initial effort of human classifiers was successfully augmented using supervised machine learning (SML). In this paper, we investigate such a hybrid workflow solution classifying the lead paragraphs of New York Times front-page articles from 1996 to 2006 according to policy topic categories (such as education or defense) of the Comparative Agendas Project (CAP). The SML classification is conducted in multiple rounds and, within each round, we run the SML algorithm on n samples and n times if the given algorithm is non-deterministic (e.g., SVM). If all the SML predictions point towards a single label for a document, then it is classified as such (this approach is also called a “voting ensemble"). In the second step, we explore several scenarios, ranging from using the SML ensemble without human validation to incorporating active learning. Using these scenarios, we can quantify the gains from the various workflow versions. We find that using human coding and validation combined with an ensemble SML hybrid approach can reduce the need for human coding while maintaining very high precision rates and offering a modest to a good level of recall. The modularity of this hybrid workflow allows for various setups to address the idiosyncratic resource bottlenecks that a large-scale text classification project might face.
Care and referral patterns in a large, dedicated nurse-led atrial fibrillation outpatient clinic
Authors: Piersma F. R. , Neefs J. , Berger W. R. , van den Berg N. W. E. , Wesselink R. , Krul S. P. J. , de Groot J. R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and imposes a high burden on the healthcare system. A nurse-led AF outpatient clinic may alleviate the burden on the cardiology outpatient clinic by triaging patients who need care by a cardiologist or general practitioner (GP). However, care and referral patterns after initial assessment in a nurse-led AF outpatient clinic are unknown. We examined the proportion of AF patients assessed in a nurse-led clinic without outpatient follow-up by a cardiologist.MethodsAll patients with AF referred to our tertiary medical centre underwent cardiac work-up in the nurse-led AF outpatient clinic and were prospectively followed. Data on patient characteristics, rhythm monitoring and echocardiography were collected and described. Odds ratio (OR) for continuing care in the nurse-led AF outpatient clinic was calculated.ResultsFrom 2014 to 2018, 478 consecutive individual patients were referred to the nurse-led AF outpatient clinic. After the initial cardiac work-up, 139 patients (29.1%) remained under nurse-led care and 121 (25.3%) were referred to a cardiologist and 218 (45.6%) to a GP. Patients who remained under nurse-led care were significantly younger, were more symptomatic, more often had paroxysmal AF and had less comorbidities than the other two groups. After multivariable testing, CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 2 was associated with discontinued nurse-led care (OR 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.34–0.95).ConclusionAfter initial cardiac assessment in the nurse-led outpatient clinic, about half of the newly referred AF patients were referred back to their GP. This strategy may reduce the burden of AF patients on secondary or tertiary cardiology outpatient clinics.
Room-Temperature Assembled MXene-Based Aerogels for High Mass-Loading Sodium-Ion Storage
Authors: Song Fei , Hu Jian , Li Guohao , Wang Jie , Chen Shuijiao , Xie Xiuqiang , Wu Zhenjun , Zhang Nan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLow-temperature assembly of MXene nanosheets into three-dimensional (3D) robust aerogels addresses the crucial stability concern of the nano-building blocks during the fabrication process, which is of key importance for transforming the fascinating properties at the nanoscale into the macroscopic scale for practical applications. Herein, suitable cross-linking agents (amino-propyltriethoxysilane, Mn2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Co2+) as interfacial mediators to engineer the interlayer interactions are reported to realize the graphene oxide (GO)-assisted assembly of Ti3C2Tx MXene aerogel at room temperature. This elaborate aerogel construction not only suppresses the oxidation degradation of Ti3C2Tx but also generates porous aerogels with a high Ti3C2Tx content (87 wt%) and robustness, thereby guaranteeing the functional accessibility of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets and operational reliability as integrated functional materials. In combination with a further sulfur modification, the Ti3C2Tx aerogel electrode shows promising electrochemical performances as the freestanding anode for sodium-ion storage. Even at an ultrahigh loading mass of 12.3 mg cm−2, a pronounced areal capacity of 1.26 mAh cm−2 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 has been achieved, which is of practical significance. This work conceptually suggests a new way to exert the utmost surface functionalities of MXenes in 3D monolithic form and can be an inspiring scaffold to promote the application of MXenes in different areas.
Intercomparison of different state-of-the-art formulations of the mass density of humid air
Authors: Hellmuth Olaf , Feistel Rainer , Foken Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe differences between one classical and three state-of-the-art formulations of the mass density of humid air were quantified. Here, we present both the calculi for direct determination of the humid-air mass density employing the virial form of the thermodynamic equation of state, and a sufficiently accurate look-up-table for the quick-look determination of the humid-air mass density, which is based on the advanced Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater 2010.
Female Sexual Function and Body Image After Urinary Diversion for Benign Conditions
Authors: Louar Margaux , Morel-Journel Nicolas , Ruffion Alain , Carnicelli Damien , Neuville Paul 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSimple cystectomy with urinary diversion is the favored option for treating conditions responsible of neurogenic bladder dysfunction after failure of conservative treatments. Despite the existence of validated assessment tools, the impact of cystectomy on female sexual function remains scarcely investigated.AimThe aim was to assess the sexual function and body image of female patients who underwent urinary diversion for a nonmalignant condition and to investigate the factors that may influence sexual life quality.Methods36 female patients who underwent urinary diversion ± cystectomy for a benign condition between January 1, 2007 and December 15, 2019 were included. Standardized questionnaires were sent by mail between February and April 2021. Additional data were collected from patient computerized medical records.OutcomesThe Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Body Image Scale (BIS), and Stoma Quality Of life (StomaQOL) questionnaires were used to assess sexual activity, body image, and quality of life related to a noncontinent stoma, respectively. The quality of pre- and postoperative information was also assessed.ResultsThe most frequent etiology of bladder dysfunction was multiple sclerosis (14, 38.9%). After surgery, 29 (80.6%) patients were sexually active and the mean (range) overall FSFI score was 15.2 (2–33.3). The mean (range) overall FSFI score and FSFI Arousal sub-score were lower for the 14 patients with an ileal conduit [11.1(2–33.3] and 1 (0–4.5)) compared to the 14 patients with a continent stoma or a native urethra [19.2 (2–29.3]; P = .04 and 3.15(0-5.4); P = .014). Regarding sexual counseling, 27 (79.4%) patients did not receive any information before surgery about possible consequences on their sexual activity, 31 (91.2%) were not asked about their sexual activity during follow-up. The mean BIS score was higher for patients with an ileal conduit (14.8) compared to patients with a continent stoma (9.7) or a native urethra (5.1; P = .002). Patients with an ileal conduit had a mean StomaQOL score of 52.56.Clinical implicationsOptimal management should include, at least, routine assessment of sexual function prior to simple cystectomy and screening for sexual dysfunction during follow-up. Strengths and limitations The main strength of this study lies in the use of validated standardized questionnaires, including the FSFI that is considered as the most relevant tool for assessing female sexual function. Limitations include the small number of patients and the potential memory bias.ConclusionThe present study suggests the urinary diversion mode has an impact on sexual function and body image after cystectomy for benign condition.