bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of patient social support, caregiver burden, and their relationship with the course of the disease in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Shokrgozar Somayeh , Rouzbehan Vida , Zare Roghayeh , Abdollahi Elahe 
Published: December 2021

Background: Bipolar disorder is a chronic disorder that causes significant effects on the patient and exerts a significant care burden on caregivers. This study aimed to investigate the social support of patients, caregivers’ burden and their impact on the clinical course of the disease. Methods: The study included 85 patients with bipolar disorder type I and II (in the recovery phase of the disease) and their caregivers in the age range of 18 to 60 years. It was conducted in Shafa psychiatry Hospital in Rasht (Guilan, Iran, 2020). To assess social support and burden, patients and caregivers completed the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS) and Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), respectively. Clinical variables were also obtained from patients’ medical records; Then ANOVA, MANOVA, Independent T-test were used to compare the data and Regression Analysis and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to find the relationships between variables. Results: It was showed that increasing patient social support is associated with reducing caregiver burden. Among the clinical variables, less social support and more caregiver burden were associated with longer duration of illness ( p < .0029, p < .012), decrease in last recurrence time ( p < .0013, p < .0001), increased number of hospitalizations ( p < .0001, r = −.43 and p < .0001, r = +.49), decreased response to treatment ( p < .0001, p < .0001), and reduced follow-up ( p = .001, OR = 1.12 and p = .001, OR = 0.95). Conclusion: The relationship between low social support and high caregiver burden and their significant effect on the disease course indicates a vicious cycle that affects patients, caregivers, and the clinical course of the disease. Therefore, it seems that interventions to break this cycle can change the situation in favor of patients and caregivers and improve the clinical course of the disease.
Analyzing the Morality of Owning and Suspending Patent Rights for COVID-19 Vaccines in the Light of Catholic Social Teaching
Authors: Ballano Vivencio O. 
Published: December 2021

Using the Roman Catholic Church’s set of moral principles on social concerns called Catholic social teaching (CST) and utilizing some secondary data and scientific research literature, this article examines the morality of India and South Africa’s request to the World Trade Organization (WTO) to temporarily suspend the property rights and patents of top pharmaceutical companies to their vaccines to allow low-income countries to locally manufacture them to save the lives of the poor during this COVID-19 pandemic. Applying the theological method of “See-Judge-and-Act,” this article argues that the suspension of patents for COVID vaccines is morally justifiable in the light of CST’s principles on the universal destination of earth’s goods, the common good, and preferential option for the poor. The top pharmaceutical companies cannot claim absolute ownership to their vaccines as they do not totally own and fund the entire development and production process. Furthermore, the right to private ownership and patents has a social dimension and must serve the common good and welfare of the poor, especially in times of global emergency such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Patent holders have a moral obligation to promote the common good and save the lives of the poor which must prevail over their capitalist quest for profit. This article recommends that Catholics and Christians must join this crusade for the suspension of patents as part of their spirituality of social transformation. Summary: Applying the Roman Catholic Church’s set of moral principles on social concerns called CST and utilizing some secondary data and scientific research literature, this article examines the morality of India and South Africa’s request to the World Trade Organization to temporarily suspend the property rights and patents of top pharmaceutical companies to their vaccines to allow low-income countries to locally manufacture them to save the lives of the poor during the current pandemic. Applying the theological method of “See-Judge-and-Act,” this article argues that the suspension of patents for COVID vaccines is morally justifiable in the light of CST’s principles on the universal destination of earth goods, the common good, and preferential option for the poor. It recommends that Catholics and Christians must join this crusade for the suspension of patents as part of their spirituality of social transformation. Short Summary: This article argues that patents of the top pharmaceutical companies to their COVID-19 vaccines must be suspended as requested by India and South Africa in the WTO in the light of CST’s moral principles on the universal destination of earth’s goods, the common good, and preferential option for the poor.
Placental functional assessment and its relationship to adverse pregnancy outcome: comparison of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI, T2-relaxation time, and umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Nakao Kyoko Kameyama , Kido Aki , Fujimoto Koji , Chigusa Yoshitsugu , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Mandai Masaki , Nakamoto Yuji 
Published: December 2021

Background Early identification of placental insufficiency can lead to appropriate treatment selections and can improve neonates' outcomes. Possible contributions of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been suggested. Purpose To evaluate the prognostic capabilities of placental intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters and T2-relaxation time, and their correlation with fetal growth and adverse outcomes, comparing umbilical artery (UmA) pulsatility index (PI). Material and Methods A total of 68 singleton pregnancies at 24–40 weeks of gestation underwent placental MRI and were reviewed retrospectively. UmA-PI was measured using Doppler ultrasound by obstetricians. IVIM parameters ( Dfast, Dslow, and f) were calculated with a Bayesian model fitting. First, the associations between gestational age (GA) with placental IVIM parameters, T2-relaxation time, and placental thickness (PT) were evaluated. Second, IVIM parameters, T2 value (Z-score), PT (Z-score), and UmA-PI (Z-score) were compared between ( 1 ) those delivering small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates, ( 2 ) emergency cesarean section (ECS), and non-ECS, and ( 3 ) preterm birth and full-term birth. Results Low birth weight was observed in 15/68 cases (22%). GA was significantly associated only with T2-relaxation time and PT. SGA was significantly associated with T2 value (Z-score), f, and UmA-PI (Z-score). In the ECS groups, T2 value (Z-score), f, and Dfast were significantly lower than those in non-ECS groups. All IVIM parameters and T2 values (Z-score) showed significantly lower scores in the preterm birth group. Conclusion Placental f and T2 value (Z-score) had significant associations with low birth weight and clinical adverse outcomes and could be potential imaging biomarkers of placental insufficiency.
Emergency Contraception Access and Counseling in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Pharmacies in Georgia
Authors: Stone Rebecca H. , Gross Savannah , Reardon Brielle , Young Henry N. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Emergency contraception (EC) efficacy is dependent on timing of administration. Adequate pharmacy stock information and accurate patient counseling are important to ensure timely access. Objective: This study evaluates pharmacist reported availability and counseling for levonorgestrel (LNG) and ulipristal acetate (UPA), and identifies differences between caller type and pharmacies in metropolitan vs nonmetropolitan areas of Georgia. Methods: This prospective, randomized, telephone-based study included 25% of Georgia community pharmacies, stratified by geographic location. Calls were made by investigators, first posing as a mystery shopper inquiring about EC stock and efficacy, then 3–6 weeks later as a researcher inquiring about EC stock. Analysis utilized descriptive statistics, chi Square, and logistic regression. Results: Of 600 pharmacies, the mystery shopper caller reached 86%: 74% of pharmacists initially discussed LNG, 57.1% had it stocked, more often in metropolitan areas (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.08–2.6). Ulipristal acetate was discussed by 1.9% and reported in-stock < 1%. Of those who discussed window of efficacy, 79% indicated LNG would either not work 4 days after intercourse or they were unsure. The research caller successfully completed a second call for 64% of pharmacies: 57% stocked LNG, 3% stocked UPA, and UPA was more likely to be stocked in metropolitan pharmacies. Conclusion: In Georgia, UPA availability is poor, and nonmetropolitan pharmacies were less likely to stock LNG and UPA. A minority of pharmacists correctly indicated that LNG may work up to 120 hours after intercourse. Strategies are needed to overcome barriers to EC availability in community pharmacies and support pharmacists’ EC counseling.
Memory Accuracy After 20 Years for Interviews About Child Maltreatment
Authors: Wu Yuerui , Goodman Gail S. , Goldfarb Deborah , Wang Yan , Vidales Daisy , Brown Lily , Eisen Mitchell L. , Qin Jianjian 
Published: December 2021

When adults allege childhood victimization, their long-term memory comes under scrutiny. This scrutiny can extend to the adults’ memory of childhood interviews. The concerns raise important theoretical and applied issues regarding memory for long-past discussions of child maltreatment and trauma. In this longitudinal study, 104 adults, who as children (ages 3–15 years) were interviewed in child maltreatment investigations (Time 1), were questioned 20 years later (Time 2) about the Time 1 interviews. Verbatim documentation from Time 1 permitted scoring of memory accuracy. A subset of the participants (36%) reported no memory for the Time 1 interviews. Of the 64% who remembered being interviewed at Time 1, those who had been adolescents at Time 1 remembered the forensic interview discussion about abuse incidents better than discussion about general psychological issues. Adult trauma symptoms were associated with more accurate memory for interview content that directly concerned abuse experiences but not for non–abuse-specific information. Findings indicate that the veracity of adults’ long-term memory for clinical/forensic conversations about childhood maltreatment depends on age at interview, interview content, and traumatization factors. Implications are discussed.
Mapping of choriocapillaris vascular density in young and aged healthy subjects
Authors: Bartol-Puyal Francisco de Asís , Isanta Carlos , Calvo Pilar , Méndez-Martínez Silvia , Ruiz-Moreno Óscar , Pablo Luis 
Published: December 2021

Purpose To compare macular vascular density (VD) of the choriocapillaris (CC) between young and aged healthy individuals. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed enrolling young and senior healthy individuals of Caucasian race and an axial length (AL) lower than 26 mm, and without systemic or ophthalmological diseases. CC VD was imaged with DRI Triton OCTA using a 6 × 6 mm macular analysis. Internal software delimited CC boundaries and gave colour pictures, which were analysed and codified into numbers, and a grid of 30 × 30 VD values was obtained. Two-dimension (2D) and three-dimension (3D) representations were created. Results 53 eyes of 53 young healthy individuals and 30 eyes of 30 senior healthy individuals were enrolled. Mean age was 27.17 ± 3.90 years, and 67.00 ± 7.41 years, respectively (p < 0.001). There were no differences in intraocular pressure (IOP) or AL (23.73 ± 0.79 mm, 23.18 ± 0.80 mm, respectively, p = 0.24). There were differences in foveal VD and in temporal perifoveal macula, but not in nasal perifoveal macula. Foveal VD was the highest in both groups. Conclusions Foveal CC VD has been found to be considerably high with this method, and it is the area which most decreases with age. Nasal perifoveal VD is not reduced in older individuals. These outcomes are opposite to other studies using different methods but they are in line with previous histological findings.
Active Enhancer Assessment by H3K27ac ChIP-seq Reveals Claudin-1 as a Biomarker for Radiation Resistance in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Zu-Xuan , Huang He-Qing , Wen Jia-Ying , Qin Li-Sha , Song Yao-Dong , Fang Ye-Ying , Zeng Da-Tong , Huang Wei-Jian , Qin Xin-Gan , Gan Ting-Qing , Luo Jie , Li Jian-Jun 
Published: December 2021

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most common malignant tumor in the worldwide. Radiotherapy is the common therapeutic treatment for CRC, but radiation resistance is often encountered. ChIP-seq of Histone H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) has revealed enhancers that play an important role in CRC. This study examined the relationship between an active CRC enhancer and claudin-1 (CLDN1), and its effect on CRC radiation resistance. Methods The target CRC genes of active enhancers were obtained from public H3K27ac ChIP-seq, and the genes highly expressed in radio-resistant CRC were screened and intersected with enhancer-driven genes. The clinical roles of CLDN1 in radiation resistance were examined using the t-test, standard mean deviation (SMD), summary receiver operating characteristic curve and Kaplan-Meier curves. The co-expressed genes of CLDN1 were calculated using Pearson Correlation analysis, and Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) analyses were used to examine the molecular mechanisms of CLDN1. Results Total 13 703 CRC genes were regulated by enhancers using 58 H3K27ac ChIP-seq. Claudin-1 (CLDN1) was enhancer-driven and notably up-regulated in CRC tissues compared to non-CRC controls, with a SMD of 3.45 (95 CI % = .56-4.35). CLDN1 expression was increased in radiation-resistant CRC with a SMD of .42 (95% CI = .16-.68) and an area under the curve of .74 (95% CI = .70-.77). The cell cycle and immune macrophage levels were the most significant pathways associated with CLDN1. Conclusion CLDN1 as an enhancer-regulated gene that can boost radiation resistance in patients with CRC.
Trends in Academic Achievement Within Otolaryngology: Does Fellowship Training Impact Research Productivity?
Authors: Moffatt David C. , Ferry Andrew M. , Stuart Jared M. , Supernaw Jesse D. , Wright Alex E. , Davis Erik D. , Chaaban Mohamad R. 
Published: December 2021

Background Scholarly productivity and research output vary among different subspecialties. The h-index was developed as a more wholesome metric that measures an author's contribution to literature. Objective Through a web-based cross-sectional analysis, we investigated the differences in scholarly impact and influence of both fellowship and nonfellowship-trained academic otolaryngologists in the United States. A secondary objective was to further understand the output among the larger fellowship fields. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed for active faculty otolaryngologists. A total of 1704 otolaryngologists were identified as faculty in residency training programs across the United States. Their h-index and publication data were gathered using the Scopus database. The data were obtained in August 2019 and analysis occurred in January 2020. Results Head and neck surgical faculty (25.5%) had the highest representation with fellowship experience. Among all faculty, there was no statistical difference in the overall average h-index scores when comparing faculty that had fellowship training with those who did not (12.6 and 12.1, respectively, P = .498). Rhinologists had the highest publication output per year at 3.90. Among fellowship-trained faculty, the highest average h-index and total publications were seen in head & neck surgery, while facial plastics had the lowest averages ( P < .001). Conclusions In this study, fellowship-trained faculty had a greater but not significant scholarly impact than nonfellowship faculty. Furthermore, there were significant variations in output among the various subspecialties of otolaryngology. Growing fields, as academic rhinology, are continuing to flourish in robust research productivity and output. This study further demonstrates the potential, growing influence of fellowship training on research involvement and academic advancement within the otolaryngology subspecialties.
Opiate Use After Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery
Authors: Wu Tara J. , Kianian Reza , Villalpando Emmanuel G. , Nakhla Morcos N. , Wells Christine , Heaney Anthony P. , Bergsneider Marvin , Wang Marilene B. 
Published: December 2021

Background The literature on opiate use after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) is limited. Objective To determine the risk factors for higher opiate use following EETS and the quantity of opiates used after discharge. Methods A retrospective review of 144 patients undergoing EETS from July 2018 to July 2020 was conducted. Patient, tumor, and surgical factors were documented. Pain scores and medications used on postoperative days (POD) 0 and 1, and discharge prescriptions, were recorded. Opiate use was quantified using morphine milligram equivalents (MME) dose. Multiple linear regression determined risk factors independently associated with POD0 to 1 opiate use. Results On POD 0 to 1, mean pain score was 4.9/10 (standard deviation [SD] ± 2.0). Mean acetaminophen use was 3.4 tablets (SD ± 1.6; 650 mg per tablet). Mean opiate use was 35.6 MME (SD ± 36.3), equivalent to 4.7 tablets (SD ± 4.8) of oxycodone 5 mg. Multiple linear regression showed that current smokers required an additional 37.1 MME ( P = .011), and patients with grade 3 intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks required an additional 36.7 MME ( P = .046) on POD0 to 1. On discharge, mean opiate prescription was 117.7 MME (SD ± 102.1), equivalent to 15.7 tablets (SD ± 13.6) of oxycodone 5 mg. Thirty-nine patients (27.1%) did not require prescriptions. Only 10 patients (6.9%) required opiate refill(s) within 30 days after surgery. Conclusion Patients undergoing EETS have higher opiate needs compared to those undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery, although the overall requirements are still considered low. Independent risk factors associated with higher opiate use in the immediate postoperative period included current smokers and grade 3 intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks.
Media Framing of Women’s Football During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Parry Keith D. , Clarkson Beth G. , Bowes Ali , Grubb Laura , Rowe David 
Published: December 2021

This article examines British media coverage of women’s association football during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, to identify how the media framed the women’s game and how these frames could shape the public perceptions of it. Through a database search of British-based news coverage of women’s football, 100 news articles were identified in the first 6 months after the start of the pandemic. A thematic analysis was conducted, and five dominant frames were detected in the context of COVID-19: 1) financial precariousness of women’s football; 2) the commercial prioritisation of men’s football; 3) practical consideration of the sport (e.g., alterations to national and international competitions); 4) debating the future of women’s football and 5) concern for players (e.g., welfare, uncertain working conditions). These frames depart from the past trivialisation and sexualisation of women’s sport, demonstrate the increased visibility of women’s football, and shift the narrative towards the elite stratum of the game. Most of this reporting was by women journalists, while men were shown to write less than women about women’s football. This research advocates continued diversification of the sports journalism workforce to dissolve the hegemonic masculine culture that still largely dominates the industry.
Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy Versus Anterior Cervical Fusion and Arthroplasty: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Platt Andrew , Fessler Richard G. , Traynelis Vincent C. , O’Toole John E. 
Published: December 2021

Study Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Objectives Patients with lateral cervical disc and foraminal pathology can be treated with anterior and posterior approaches including anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF), cervical total disc arthroplasty(TDA), and minimally invasive posterior cervical foraminotomy(MIS-PCF). Although MIS-PCF may have some advantages over the anterior approaches, few comparative studies and meta-analyses have been done to assess superiority. Methods This study includes a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of studies directly comparing minimally invasive posterior cervical foraminotomy to either anterior cervical discectomy and fusion or cervical total disc arthroplasty. Results In comparing patients undergoing ACDF and MIS-PCF, operative time ranged from 68 to 97.8 minutes in the ACDF group compared to 28 to 93.9 minutes in the MIS-PCF group. Mean postoperative length of stay ranged from 33.84 to 112.8 hours in the ACDF group compared to 13.68 to 83.6 hours in the MIS-PCF group. The total complication rates were 3.72% in the ACDF group and 3.73% in the MIS-PCF group. A random-effects model meta-analysis was carried out which failed to show a statistically significant difference in the complication rate between the two procedures(OR .91; 95% CI 0.13, 6.43; P = .92, I2 = 59%). The total reoperation rate was 3.5% in the ACDF group and 5.4% in the MIS-PCF group. A random-effects model meta-analysis was carried out which failed to show a statistically significant difference in the reoperation rate between the two procedures(OR .66; 95% CI 0.33, 1.33; P = .25, I2 = 0). In comparing patients undergoing TDA and MIS-PCF, operative time ranged from 90.3 to 106.7 minutes in the TDA group compared to 77.4 to 93.9 minutes in the MIS-PCF group. Mean postoperative length of stay ranged from 103.2 to 165.6 hours in the TDA group and 93.6 to 98.4 hours in the MIS-PCF group. The complication rate ranged from 23.5 to 28.6% in the TDA group and 0 to 14.3% in the MIS-PCF group. The overall reoperation rates were 2.6% in the TDA group and 10.2% in the MIS-PCF group. Conclusions There is no clear superiority between MIS-PCF and ACDF/TDA in terms of operative time, postoperative length of stay, or rate of complications/reoperations. Further studies with increased follow-up intervals >48 months, and higher sample sizes are necessary to determine the true superiority of MIS-PCF and anterior neck approaches in treatment of lateral disc and foraminal pathology.