bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La finesse du paysage
Authors: Farinelli Franco 
Published: December 2021

Dans « L’arguzia del paesaggio », l’article que nous présentons ici en traduction (et qui fait partie d’un essai publié dans « I segni del mondo », 1992) Franco Farinelli propose une lecture critique, ainsi qu’une analyse historico-philosophique du concept de paysage tel qu’il a été élaboré dans les sciences géographiques (et particulièrement dans la réflexion humboldtienne) et tel qu’il est envisagé aujourd’hui (l’article date pourtant de 1991) dans le domaine des sciences sociales.
Associations of Prepregnancy Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain, and Intelligence in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhu Si-Meng , He Yi-Chen , Zhang Chen , Wu Yan-Ting , Huang He-Feng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Increasing evidences have shown that prepregnancy maternal weight and gestational weight gain (GWG) may associate with offspring's neurodevelopment. However, the effects of prepregnancy maternal overweight, obesity, and excessive GWG on offspring's intelligence remain controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to re-assess the association between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), GWG, and children's intelligence.

Methods:
We systematically searched multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Ovid Medline, from their inception through February 2021. Studies assessing the association between prepregnancy BMI or GWG and children's intelligence were further screened manually before final inclusion. Cohorts that analyzed the association between prepregnancy BMI or GWG and intelligence of offspring were included, and we used the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects method to compute the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each study.

Results:
A total of 12 articles were included in this systematic review, while six of them in the meta-analysis. There was a significant full-scale IQ reduction in children born from overweight and obese mothers, with WMDs of -3.08 (95% CI: -4.02, -2.14) and -4.91 (95% CI: -6.40, -3.42), respectively. Compared with control group, the WMDs for performance and verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) were decreased in overweight and obesity groups. However, we observed no association between children's full-scale IQ and excessive GWG with WMD of -0.14 (95% CI: -0.92, 0.65).

Conclusions:
Women's prepregnancy overweight and obesity adversely associate with children's intelligence but no association with excessive GWG. Our study suggests that further researches focusing on the effect of prepregnancy maternal health on offspring's intelligence development are needed.
Cardiac Protective Effects of Proinflammatory Cytokines during Ischemia-Reperfusion
Authors: Li Li-Sha , Wu Hong , Wang Shu-Xia , Liu Sui-Xin , Lin Leng , Qi Da-Ke 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) lead to an inflammatory response that causes cardiac injury and remodeling. However, increasing evidence suggests this is an over-simplified view. Several proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1α, interleukin-6, macrophage migration inhibitory factor and D-dopachrome tautomerase have been shown to improve cell survival and compensate energy deprivation during I/R. This review summarizes the recent findings that support protective role of proinflammatory cytokines against cardiac injury during acute I/R, as well as therapeutic ramifications of these findings.
Perceived Stress, Hardship, and Self-Reported Health Status of Persons Living with Diabetes Mellitus during Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic and Lockdown
Authors: Yasmin Masuma , Bhattacharyya Gargi Dutta , Ghosh Sujoy , Bandyopadhyay Kajari , Mukhopadhyay Dipta Kanti , Biswas Asit Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent complete lockdown have resulted in a lot of difficulties in availing essential services including medical care, especially among the persons living with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The situation was complicated by stress and fear due to unknown nature of the pandemic during initial phases. This study aimed at measuring the perceived stress and hardship faced by persons living with DM and assessing their health status during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal.

Materials and Methods:
An institution-based, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among diagnosed cases of Type 2 DM attending diabetic clinic outpatient department using an interview technique with the help of a predesigned pretested questionnaire that consisted of variables such as perpetual and experiential stress, hardship, and selected self-reported health parameters.

Results:
Out of a total of 304 study participants, majority responded positively regarding the items of perpetual and experiential stress. However, 80.8% of participants reported the reduction of income, and about 75% of them faced hardship of various extent to manage medicine and diet with low income. Only 9.1% of participants used teleconsultation as a sole method for health checkups. About one-third of participants considered their mental health status as poor or very poor, whereas two-third considered their physical health as good or excellent.

Conclusion:
Although our study participants did not have much stress or deterioration of health during lockdown, their income and regular care were affected to a certain extent. This emphasizes the need for context-specific measures.
Symptomatology and Outcome of Acute COVID-19 Illness in Children at Faridabad, India
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Bhinder Onkar Singh , Gupta Vipul , Ahuja Abhinav , Pandey Anil Kumar , Mandal Ravi R. N. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
The surveillance case definitions for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children adapted from adult guidelines emphasized the presence of fever and/or respiratory symptoms as the criteria for suspicion and testing. The clinical course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Indian children is still not well described.

Materials and Methods:
This observational study was done at a dedicated COVID-19 tertiary care hospital of Haryana, India, between April 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020, with due approval of Institutional Ethics Committee. A total of 86 SARS-CoV-2 positive inpatient children in the age group of 1 month − 12 years were enrolled to outline the clinical course and outcome of acute illness longitudinally over initial 2 weeks of infection. Clinical management and hospital discharge policy was guided by public health authorities and prevailing scientific evidence which were updated and notified time to time as the pandemic evolved. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the study variables.

Results:
Majority children (48/86; 56%) remained asymptomatic throughout 2-week surveillance period, 35 (41%) suffered mild, 2 (2%) moderate, and 1 (1%) severe disease. All children had intact survival. Comorbid condition(s) were present in five (6%) children. Among infants and the subset of children with premorbid condition(s), the proportion of children suffering symptomatic illness (88% and 80%, respectively) and moderate-severe illness (25% and 40%, respectively) was quite high. Respiratory symptoms (68%) and fever (50%) were the most common symptoms. Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 26% symptomatic children. Fever was the only symptom in 11% children; and 16% children had only gastrointestinal symptoms without any fever or respiratory symptom(s).

Conclusion:
Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is commonly asymptomatic, or a mild illness with not only respiratory but also non-respiratory manifestations. Thus, a high index of suspicion for SARS-CoV-2 infection is required by the treating physicians in this subgroup of population as they might play an important role in virus transmission and amplification. In case the testing is deferred among asymptomatic contacts or children with mild symptoms, they may be presumed SARS-CoV-2 infected, isolated, and managed accordingly.
Markers of Myocardial Dysfunction in Neonates with Sepsis of Various Gestational Age
Authors: Kretsu Natalia , Koloskova Olena , Bilous Tetiana 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Nowadays, the issues of early diagnostics of cardiovascular disorders in neonates with sepsis with the use of up-to-date methods of examination that can be applied as screening methods with the aim to verify the possible development of cardiovascular dysfunction remain urgent. To study certain clinical-instrumental parameters and biochemical markers in neonates depending on the gestational age to improve the prognosis with neonatal sepsis (NS).

Materials and Methods:
To realize the objective, 57 neonates were under our observation with verified diagnosis “NS.” I Group (23 patients – 40.3%) included neonates with the term of gestation 37–42 weeks, II Group– 34 preterm neonates (59.7%) with gestational age under 36 weeks inclusive. The latter group was subdivided depending on the term of gestation into IIA subgroup including 21 preterm neonates with NS and the term of gestation 32–36 weeks, IIB-subgroup included 13 neonates born in the term under 32 weeks of gestation.

Results:
Term males were found to suffer from sepsis more often (odds ratio = 5.19). Delivery by cesarean section for preterm neonates increased reliably the risk of NS development compared with term neonates (OR = 2.7). It was found that the average values of LDH activity in the groups were not higher than normal parameters with a tendency to decrease as the duration of pregnancy decreased. At the same time, in almost all examined patients, there was an excess of serum activity of Creatine phosphokinase-MB fraction (CPK-MB) (86.96% of cases in Group I and in 91.18% of cases in Group II) and in some patients an increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (ACT) activity in 52.17% of patients with Group I, in 47.06% of cases from Group II, P > 0.05). The correlation analysis conducted showed that in preterm neonates suffering from NS increase of the myocardial functional ability of the left ventricle was associated with females and the number of days of inotropic support.

Conclusions:
Analysis of clinical-anamnestic findings determined that term males suffer from NS reliably more frequent which is clearly associated with the risk of NS development. Increase of CPK-MB serum activity can be considered as a sign of myocardial dysfunction development caused by NS. The analysis of echocardiographic parameters conducted in the group or preterm neonates found a direct correlation of the ejection fraction with initiation of cardiovascular resuscitation immediately after birth and the period of introduction of inotropic drugs.
Analysis of Cesarean Section Using Robson's Ten Group Classification System in a Tertiary Care Center from Southern India
Authors: Murugesan Kanmani , Rengaraj Sasirekha 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The rising cesarean section (CS) rate is a global concern and World Health Organization in 2015 has proposed the use of Robson-10 group classification system as a standard for assessing and monitoring CS both within and across the healthcare facilities.

Objective:
The objective is to analyze the CSs performed in a teaching hospital using Robson 10-group classification system.

Methodology:
The present cross-sectional study was done over a period of 1 year from May 2017 to April 2018. All eligible women delivered in JIPMER, a tertiary care referral center during the study period were classified as per Robson Ten-Group classification system. Caesarean delivery rates were reported. The relative and absolute contribution to CS rates in each groups were calculated. Epi data V.3.1 was used for data analysis.

Results:
Among 16,863 women delivered during the study, the CS rate was 21.4%. The three common indications for CS overall were fetal distress, nonprogress of labor, and cephalopelvic disproportion. Group 1 (nulliparous, singleton, term cephalic, spontaneous labor) was the largest size followed by group 2 (nulliparous, singleton, term cephalic, induced labor) with 25% and 16.9%, respectively. The maximum contribution of CS was by group 5 (multiparous women, singleton, term cephalic, previous uterine scar) followed by group 2 with 34.9% and 18.9%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Robson group 5, 2, and 1 were the major contributions to CS in our hospital. Further studies are needed to study the appropriateness of indications for CS especially in groups 2 and 1 as they are the future group 5.
Pattern of Severe Malaria with Special Reference to Plasmodium vivax in Pediatric Population of the Most Aspirational Region of North India
Authors: Minhas Aditi , Mane Pratibha , Sangwan Jyoti , Dhingra Arti 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Malaria is one of the major life-threatening health problems in most of the tropical countries. Children are the most vulnerable group accounting for 67% of all malaria-associated deaths worldwide. Southern Haryana is typically endemic for malaria. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to describe the clinical presentation of complicated malaria and correlate clinical complications with malarial species.

Materials and Methods:
It was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology along with Department of Pediatrics, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nalhar, Nuh, Haryana. A total of 100 children with severe malaria admitted in the pediatric ward, confirmed by peripheral blood smear and rapid diagnostic test, were included.

Results:
Out of 100 cases admitted, majority were due to Plasmodium vivax (73%), followed by mixed (18%) and Plasmodium falciparum (9%) infection. Children below 5 years were more infected (57%). Male preponderance was seen (55%). Fever was the most common symptom observed (95%). Pallor was the most common sign observed (85%). Among severity parameters, the most common were severe anemia (41%), jaundice (17%), abnormal bleeding (17%), convulsions (15%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (7%). The case fatality rate was 3%.

Conclusion:

P. vivax was previously known to cause benign malaria. The present study found that P. vivax mono-infection can cause severe malaria in children and should no longer be considered as benign malaria.
Effectiveness of Structured Feedback After Formative Tests on First Year MBBS Students' Performance in Summative Examination
Authors: Patil Vijayetha P. , Patil Vidya S. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Feedback gives an opportunity to students to analyze their work, performance, correct themselves and improves learning. The outcome also depends on the way it is delivered, and hence, we analyzed the effect of constructive feedback on students' performance and their perceptions.

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of a structured constructive feedback on the performance of low achieving students and to analyze their perceptions on feedback.

Methodology:
Students of the 1st year MBBS scoring <50% marks in Biochemistry test were included and divided into two groups randomly: Group A received feedback intervention and Group B was the control group. Structured constructive feedback based on Pendleton's rules was given to students in Group A after each formative assessment. Their logbook writing was also assessed. Performance score was compared between groups using student t-test. Students' perceptions on effect of feedback on their learning and performance were evaluated using a validated questionnaire.

Results:
We found significant improvement in the performance of Group A in the immediate assessment test following feedback (t = 2.09, P = 0.04), but subsequent tests did not show any difference between the groups. Logbook performance was better in Group A than Group B (t = 2.51, P = 0.02). Greater number of students in Group A passed the summative examinations as compared to Group B. Students reported good perceptions on the feedback sessions and wanted it frequently.

Conclusions:
Feedback helped the students to identify their areas of lacunae and measures to overcome them in their studies. Students who received feedback showed improved learning attitude. They were satisfied with the feedback sessions and valued it.
First Single-Center Five-Way Kidney Exchange Cycle in India
Authors: Kute Vivek B. , Meshram Hari Shankar , Patel Himanshu V. , Engineer Divyesh , Banerjee Subho , Chauhan Sanshriti , Navadiya Vijay V. , Patel Harshit , Gupta Akash , Rizvi Jamal , Mishra Vineet V. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The logistical issues, limited resources, and surgical capacity are the challenges to simultaneous kidney exchange transplant surgeries in India. We report the first single-center 5-way nonsimultaneous kidney exchange cycle from India without donor renege. The challenges and solutions for the same are discussed.

Methods:
Five donor–recipient pairs (DRPs) participated in 5-way kidney exchange cycle after permission of Institutional and Gujarat State Level Authorization Committee for organ transplantation. Four DRP were ABO-incompatible and the fifth was compatible.

Results:
Two DRP were operated on November 22 and three on November 23, 2018. One bridge donor wait time was 1 day. All five recipients were discharged on November 30, 2018, without any medical or surgical complication; normal kidney allograft function and donor renege. We have increased chain length gradually from 2-way (June 2000), 3-way (February 2013), 4-way (April 2016), 5-way (November 2018), 6-way (February 2019), and 10-way (January 2020) in 440 kidney exchange transplants at our institute. We have used compatible pairs in gradually increasing chain length from 2-way (May 2012), 3-way (August 2013), 4-way (July 2018), 5-way (November 2018), and 6-way (February 2019) to increase transplant for difficult to match pairs.

Conclusions:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first single-center 5-way kidney exchange cycle from India. Increasing chain length has the potential to offer better quality of matching and transplants rates for difficult-to-match pairs in kidney exchange.
Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Risk of Gall Stone
Authors: Saadati Saeede , Salehi-sahlabadi Ammar , Hosseini-Oskouiee Fatemeh , Aghamohammadi Vahideh , Ramezani Mortaza , Askari Behzad , Sayyah Alireza , Sadeghi Amir , Hekmatdoost Azita 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Since the relation between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and the occurrence of gallstone disease (GSD) remains unclear, we conducted, for the first time, a case-control study to clarify this association in the Iranian population.

Methods:
In the present case-control study, convenience Sampling was performed. A total of 600 participants (300 case and 300 control) were included. Anthropometric, demographic, physical activity, and nutrient intakes data were obtained from each subject. DTAC was calculated using the US Department of Agriculture’s database. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were assessed using unconditional logistic regression.

Results:
The participants in the highest quartile of DTAC had a significantly lower OR for gallstone than the lowest quartile, which remained significant after further adjustment for age, sex, and education (model 2: OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16–0.71). In addition, after adjustment for age, sex, education, BMI, physical activity, and energy, the results revealed that participants with the highest quartile of DTAC had 71% lower odds of gallstone than those with the lowest quartile (model 3: OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11–0.78).

Conclusions:
The results of the present study demonstrated that the DTAC had an inverse association with GSD incident. However, interventional approaches are needed to confirm the relation between DTAC and GSD prevention.
Unhealthy Lifestyle Predisposed Shiraz Healthcare Workers to Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Mousavi-Roknabadi Razieh Sadat , Danaei Mina , Askarian Mehrdad 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Poor health condition may increase the risk of occupational problems and reduces an organization’s productivity. Also, there is a direct, bilateral relationship between occupation and health.

Objective:
To evaluate the health status of health care workers (HCWs) in the largest tertiary general and teaching hospital in southern Iran.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study (Sep2014-Dec2016) was conducted on HCWs, who were referred to Prevention and Health Promotion Clinic of Shiraz Namazee hospital. The participants’ health status was assessed and after the risk assessments and necessary physical examinations, the laboratory and para clinic tests were requested. Using descriptive and analytical tests, all data were analyzed.

Results:
Totally, 963 HCWs were enrolled, that 64.4% were women, with mean ± SD age of 35.51 ± 8.9 years. Eighty-eight percent and 77.4% of the participants had history of ergonomic and psychological exposures. Impaired glucose tolerance and abnormal serum cholesterol were seen in 13.6% and 29.9%, respectively. Body mass index was a predictive factor for abnormal blood pressure (OR: 1.12; 95%CI: 1.02-1.22), impaired glucose tolerance (OR: 1.08; 95%CI: 1.01-1.16), and abnormal serum cholesterol (OR: 1.17; 95%CI: 1.10-1.25), respectively. Male gender (OR: 1.83; 95%CI: 1.08-3.03) was a predictive factor for abnormal serum cholesterol.

Conclusions:
The health status of HCWs is not good enough in Iran. They did not have an appropriate lifestyle. They were exposed to different occupational hazards. The prevalence of chronic diseases was notable. Overweight, obesity, and inactivity were the most important causes of metabolic diseases.
Awareness on eye donation among medical and nonmedical students
Authors: Dhanushia Guru , Sahu Pratima , Sanjana Elfride Farokh , Mishra Amit Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Globally, there are 45 million blind people with an annual increase of 1–2 million. Corneal blindness is the 4th leading cause of blindness. The demand for donor's eyes is much higher than the number of donor's eyes collected, and the number of corneal transplants done is insufficient. One of the reasons for reduced eye donation is the lack of awareness of the process of eye donation and corneal transplantation.

Materials and Methods:
A comparative, questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the awareness on eye donation among medical and nonmedical students of Puducherry. The participants were given a predesigned and structured questionnaire which included 25 questions after informed consent was obtained from them. The results were derived through the statistical analysis.

Results:
The primary source of awareness for both groups was mass media. About 90.3% of medical and 41.9% of the nonmedical students knew that consent for eye donation is given by the donor while alive (P < 0.000), also that the first-degree relatives have the right to give consent for the dead was 88.2% and 49.5% among medical and nonmedical students, respectively (P < 0.000). Three-fourths of medical and half the nonmedical students knew that corneal donation could not cure all types of blindness. Around 87.1% of medical and 36.6% of nonmedical students were aware that eyes with corneal diseases could not be donated.

Conclusion:
The present study showed that participants from both groups were aware of eye donation, but the awareness among nonmedical students was not adequate. This study also shows that mass media was the most common source of awareness among the students, which could be used to create further awareness among the students.