bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Пословицы и поговорки с противительными союзами в русском языке: структурно-семантический аспект
Authors: Склярова [Skliarova] Наталья [Natal′ia] Г. [G.] 
Published: November 2021

Proverbs and Sayings With Adversative Conjunctions in the Russian Language: Structural and Semantic AspectsProverbs and sayings with adversative conjunctions in the Russian language fall into three categories: mono-, multi- and non-predicative structures. They are built according to various syntactic patterns, which proves that the spontaneity of their appearance in the language is not absolute but relative, as their formation is determined by specific laws of derivation. Russian proverbs and sayings with adversative conjunctions are based on contrast, contradiction and contrary expectation. The stylistic devices used in them, namely rhyme, personification, metaphor, metonymy, simile, gradation, chiasm, serve a number of functions. The structure of proverbs and sayings with adversative conjunctions is stable although their components are subject to morphemic, morphological, syntactic and quantitative variation. There are several synonymous and polysemous units among them, as well. Przysłowia i powiedzenia ze spójnikami przeciwstawnymi w języku rosyjskim. Aspekty strukturalno-semantyczneW języku rosyjskim można wyróżnić trzy kategorie powiedzeń i przysłów ze spójnikami przeciwstawnymi: struktury jedno- i wielopredykatowe oraz konstrukcje bez predykatu; są zbudowane według różnych wzorców składniowych, co dowodzi, że spontaniczność ich pojawiania się w języku nie jest absolutna, lecz względna, ponieważ ich tworzenie podlega określonym zasadom derywacji. Rosyjskie przysłowia i powiedzenia ze spójnikami przeciwstawnymi opierają się na kontraście, sprzeczności i przeciwnych oczekiwaniach. Zastosowane w nich środki stylistyczne – rym, personifikacja, metafora, metonimia, porównanie, gradacja, chiazm – pełnią różne funkcje. Struktura takich powiedzeń i przysłów jest stabilna, pomimo że ich składniki podlegają zmianom morfemicznym, morfologicznym, syntaktycznym i ilościowym. Występują wśród nich również jednostki synonimiczne i polisemiczne.
Assessing the WRF-Solar Model Performance Using Satellite-Derived Irradiance from the National Solar Radiation Database
Authors: Jiménez Pedro A. , Yang Jaemo , Kim Ju-Hye , Sengupta Manajit , Dudhia Jimy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
WRF-Solar is a numerical weather prediction model specifically designed to meet the increasing demand for accurate solar irradiance forecasting. The model provides flexibility in the representation of the aerosol–cloud–radiation processes. This flexibility can be argued to make it more difficult to improve the model’s performance because of the necessity of inspecting different configurations. To alleviate this situation, WRF-Solar has a reference configuration to use as a benchmark in sensitivity experiments. However, the scarcity of high-quality ground observations is a handicap to accurately quantify the model performance. An alternative to ground observations are satellite irradiance retrievals. Herein we analyze the adequacy of the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) to validate the WRF-Solar performance using high-quality global horizontal irradiance (GHI) observations across the contiguous United States (CONUS). Based on the sufficient performance of NSRDB, we further analyze the WRF-Solar forecast errors across the CONUS, the growth of the forecasting errors as a function of the lead time, and sensitivities to the grid spacing and the representation of the radiative effects of unresolved clouds. Our results based on WRF-Solar forecasts spanning 2018 reveal a 7% median degradation of the mean absolute error (MAE) from the first to the second daytime period. Reducing the grid spacing from 9 to 3 km leads to a 4% improvement in the MAE, whereas activating the radiative effects of unresolved clouds is desirable over most of the CONUS even at 3 km of grid spacing. A systematic overestimation of the GHI is found. These results illustrate the potential of GHI retrievals to contribute to increasing the WRF-Solar performance.
Modulation of Coupled Modes of Tibetan Plateau Heating and Indian Summer Monsoon on Summer Rainfall over Central Asia
Authors: Zhao Siwen , Zhang Jie , Du Yibo , Ji Ruipeng , Niu Miaomiao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt has been suggested that summer rainfall over central Asia (CA) is significantly correlated with the summer thermal distribution of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). However, relatively few studies have investigated their synergistic effects of different distribution. This study documents the significant correlations between precipitation in CA and the diabatic heating of TP and the ISM in summer based on the results of statistical analysis and numerical simulation. Summer precipitation in CA is dominated by two water vapor transport branches from the south that are related to the two primary modes of anomalous diabatic heating distribution contributed by the TP and ISM precipitation, that is, the “+−” dipole mode in the southeastern TP and the Indian subcontinent (IS), and the “+−+” tripole mode in the southeastern TP, the IS, and southern India. Both modes exhibit obvious midlatitude Silk Road pattern (SRP) wave trains with cyclone anomalies over CA, but with different transient and stationary eddies over South Asia. The different locations of anomalous anticyclones over India govern two water vapor transport branches to CA, which are from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The water vapor flux climbs while being transported northward and can be transported to CA with the cooperation of cyclonic circulation. The convergent water vapor and ascending motion caused by cyclonic anomalies favor the precipitation in CA. Further analysis corroborates the negative south Indian Ocean dipole in February could affect the tripole mode distribution of TP heating and ISM via the atmospheric circulation, water vapor transport, and anomalous Hadley cell circulation. The results indicate a reliable prediction reference for summer precipitation in CA.
A Unified Moisture Mode Theory for the Madden–Julian Oscillation and the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation
Authors: Wang Shuguang , Sobel Adam H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) are fundamental modes of variability in the tropical atmosphere on the intraseasonal time scale. A linear model, using a moist shallow water equation set on an equatorial beta plane, is developed to provide a unified treatment of the two modes and to understand their growth and propagation over the Indian Ocean. Moisture is assumed to increase linearly with longitude and to decrease quadratically with latitude. Solutions are obtained through linear stability analysis, considering the gravest (n = 1) meridional mode with nonzero meridional velocity. Anomalies in zonal moisture advection and surface fluxes are both proportional to those in zonal wind, but of opposite sign. With observation-based estimates for both effects, the zonal advection dominates, and drives the planetary-scale instability. With a sufficiently small meridional moisture gradient, the horizontal structure exhibits oscillations with latitude and a northwest–southeast horizontal tilt in the Northern Hemisphere, qualitatively resembling the observed BSISO. As the meridional moisture gradient increases, the horizontal tilt decreases and the spatial pattern transforms toward the “swallowtail” structure associated with the MJO, with cyclonic gyres in both hemispheres straddling the equatorial precipitation maximum. These results suggest that the magnitude of the meridional moisture gradient shapes the horizontal structures, leading to the transformation from the BSISO-like tilted horizontal structure to the MJO-like neutral wave structure as the meridional moisture gradient changes with the seasons. The existence and behavior of these intraseasonal modes can be understood as a consequence of phase speed matching between the equatorial mode with zero meridional velocity (analogous to the dry Kelvin wave) and a local off-equatorial component that is characterized by considering an otherwise similar system on an f plane.
Kinetic Energy Transfers between Mesoscale and Submesoscale Motions in the Open Ocean’s Upper Layers
Authors: Garabato Alberto C. Naveira , Yu Xiaolong , Callies Jörn , Barkan Roy , Polzin Kurt L. , Frajka-Williams Eleanor E. , Buckingham Christian E. , Griffies Stephen M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMesoscale eddies contain the bulk of the ocean’s kinetic energy (KE), but fundamental questions remain on the cross-scale KE transfers linking eddy generation and dissipation. The role of submesoscale flows represents the key point of discussion, with contrasting views of submesoscales as either a source or a sink of mesoscale KE. Here, the first observational assessment of the annual cycle of the KE transfer between mesoscale and submesoscale motions is performed in the upper layers of a typical open-ocean region. Although these diagnostics have marginal statistical significance and should be regarded cautiously, they are physically plausible and can provide a valuable benchmark for model evaluation. The cross-scale KE transfer exhibits two distinct stages, whereby submesoscales energize mesoscales in winter and drain mesoscales in spring. Despite this seasonal reversal, an inverse KE cascade operates throughout the year across much of the mesoscale range. Our results are not incompatible with recent modeling investigations that place the headwaters of the inverse KE cascade at the submesoscale, and that rationalize the seasonality of mesoscale KE as an inverse cascade-mediated response to the generation of submesoscales in winter. However, our findings may challenge those investigations by suggesting that, in spring, a downscale KE transfer could dampen the inverse KE cascade. An exploratory appraisal of the dynamics governing mesoscale–submesoscale KE exchanges suggests that the upscale KE transfer in winter is underpinned by mixed layer baroclinic instabilities, and that the downscale KE transfer in spring is associated with frontogenesis. Current submesoscale-permitting ocean models may substantially understate this downscale KE transfer, due to the models’ muted representation of frontogenesis.
Correcting PAR Data from Photovoltaic Quantum Sensors on Remote Weather Stations on the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Nunez Manuel , Cantin Neal , Steinberg Craig , van Dongen-Vogels Virginie , Bainbridge Scott 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study addresses a network of remote weather stations on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) that house Licor192 quantum sensors measuring photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) above water. There is evidence of significant degradation in the signal from the sensors after a 2-yr deployment. Main sources of uncertainty in the calibration are outlined, which include degradation of the photodiode, soiling of the sensors by dust and salt spray, cosine responses, and sensitivity to air temperature. Raw PAR data are improved using correction factors based on a cloudless PAR model. Uncertainties in cosine responses of the instrument are low but significant errors may occur if the supporting platform is misaligned and not horizontal. A set of recommendations are provided to improve the quality of the PAR data.
Significance Statement
A method is described to correct historical PAR data collected on the Great Barrier Reef, such that these valuable observations may be improved and used effectively.
On the Misclassification of Dust as Cloud at an AERONET Site in the Sonoran Desert
Authors: Evan Amato , Walkowiak Blake , Frouin Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Here we present retrievals of aerosol optical depth τ from an Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) station in the southeastern corner of California, an area where dust storms are frequent. By combining AERONET data with collocated ceilometer measurements, camera imagery, and satellite data, we show that during significant dust outbreaks the AERONET cloud-screening algorithm oftentimes classifies dusty measurements as cloud contaminated, thus removing them from the aerosol record. During dust storms we estimate that approximately 85% of all dusty retrievals of τ and more than 95% of retrievals when τ > 0.1 are rejected, resulting in a factor-of-2 reduction in dust-storm averaged τ. We document the specific components in the screening algorithm responsible for the misclassification. We find that a major reason for the loss of these dusty measurements is the high temporal variability in τ during the passage of dust storms over the site, which itself is related to the proximity of the site to the locations of emission. We describe a method to recover these dusty measurements that is based on collocated ceilometer measurements. These results suggest that AERONET sites that are located close to dust source regions may require ancillary measurements to aid in the identification of dust.

Significance Statement
In this study we demonstrate that, during dust storms, measurements made with a sun photometer at an AERONET site in the western Sonoran Desert are frequently classified as cloud contaminated by the network’s processing algorithm. We identify the various algorithmic tests that result in the misclassification and discuss the physical reasons why dust typically fails those tests. We then present a method to restore these data that utilizes measurements from a collocated ceilometer. This work highlights the challenges, and one solution, to operating an AERONET site in a region that is close to the sources of airborne dust.
Chemerin regulates autophagy to participate in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Luo Xiaodong , Gong Yangyang , Cai Liuyun , Zhang Lei , Dong Xiaojing 
Published: November 2021

Objective Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Chemerin has recently been discovered as a novel adipokine associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Excessive autophagy activity and overexpression of autophagy-related genes in follicular granulosa cells are important mechanisms of PCOS. This study aimed to investigate the effect of chemerin on autophagy in PCOS. Methods A rat model of PCOS was established by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate under a high-fat diet. Expression levels of chemerin and its receptor CMKLR1 were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Proliferation and apoptosis of human granulosa cells in vitro and expression of autophagy-related genes were examined using bafilomycin A1 (autophagy inhibitor) and Torin1 (autophagy inducer). Results Chemerin and CMKLR1 expression were significantly increased in the ovary in a rat model of PCOS. Ectopic expression of chemerin promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of COV434 cells. Ectopic expression of chemerin also induced autophagy by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Conclusions Chemerin and CMKLR1 were overexpressed in PCOS rats. Chemerin promoted autophagy through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and may provide a potential target and biomarker of PCOS.
Importance of Personality Factors in Determining the Psychological Consequences of Infertility: A Systematic Review
Authors: Darolia Shashi , Ghosh Debasruti 
Published: November 2021

Background and purpose The diagnosis of infertility not only involves biological but the psychosocial links have also been established. Individual difference variables, such as personality and temperament have been found playing prominent role in modifying the psychological and biological aspects of infertility. This systematic review aimed to examine evidence-based research on the role of personality traits in determining vulnerability to stress in infertility, understand the gender-based differences, and deliver suggestions for future researches. Method The search for studies relating to the variables was accomplished using various electronic databases. The search was kept limited to a time span of about 20 years, that is, from January 2000 to April 2020. Additional researches were collected from library source and others were retrieved by contacting experts. Studies were selected on the basis of a predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality of the studies was also taken into account. Results The search of studies through above methods was fruitful in identifying 23 studies including six longitudinal and prospective studies, and 17 cross-sectional studies covering both individual- and model-based personality attributes related findings. The overall quality ratings of the studies ranged from fair to good. Conclusion The review revealed that personality factors such as neuroticism, harm avoidance, and psychoticism are the potential risk factors, whereas optimism has a protective impact in the context of fertility disorders. The long-term impact of personality on infertility needs further exploration. Trait modification interventions during the treatment of infertility were also suggested in the light of previous findings.
Increasing Warmth in Oncological Patients: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Pilot Trial Examining the Efficacy of Mustard and Ginger Footbaths
Authors: Vagedes Jan , Kuderer Silja , Vagedes Katrin , Hiller Stefan , Beissner Florian , Szőke Henrik , Joos Stefanie , Wolf Ursula 
Published: November 2021

Objective: To analyze the thermogenic effects of footbaths with medicinal powders in oncological patients (ON) and healthy controls (HC). Intervention and Outcomes: Thirty-six participants (23 ON, 13 HC; 24 females; 49.9 ± 13.3 years) received 3 footbaths in a random order with cross-over design: warm water only (WA), warm water plus mustard (MU, Sinapis nigra), and warm water plus ginger (GI, Zingiber officinale). Warmth perception of the feet (Herdecke Warmth Perception Questionnaire, HeWEF) at the follow-up (10 minutes after completion of footbaths, t2) was assessed as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included overall warmth as well as self-reported warmth (HeWEF) and measured skin temperature (high resolution thermography) of the face, hands and feet at baseline (t0), post immersion (t1), and follow-up (t2). Results: With respect to the warmth perception of the feet, GI and MU differed significantly from WA ( P’s < .05) with the highest effect sizes at t1 (WA vs GI, d = 0.92, WA vs MU, d = 0.73). At t2, perceived warmth tended to be higher with GI compared to WA ( d = 0.46). No differences were detected between ON and HC for self-reported warmth. With respect to skin temperatures, face and feet skin temperatures of ON were colder (at t0 and t1, 0.42 ≥  d ≥ 0.68) and tended to have diametrical response patterns than HC (ON vs HC: colder vs warmer after MU). Conclusion: Among adult oncological patients and healthy controls, footbaths with mustard and ginger increased warmth perception of the feet longer than with warm water only. The potential impact of regularly administered thermogenic footbaths over extended periods merits further investigation for the recovery of cancer-related sense of cold.
Mouth care training and practice: a survey of nursing staff working in National Health Service hospitals in England
Authors: Doshi Mili , Mann Jessica , Quentin Léa , Morton-Holtham Luke , Eaton Kenneth A 
Published: November 2021

Background This study investigated the training and mouth care practice of nursing staff in hospital Trusts across England. Oral health has been found to deteriorate during hospital admission, mouth care standards have been found to be poor. Aims The objectives of the study were to assess if and what the barriers are to supporting inpatients' mouth care, and to assess how confident nursing staff are in carrying out mouth care assessments and mouth care and see if this is related to previous training. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in 33 Trusts in England with 1576 members of the nursing team including nurses and nursing assistants. Nursing staff were asked to complete a questionnaire on previous oral health training and their current practice. Results Nursing staff reported that they had limited training in mouth care. The main barriers to mouth care were time and patient compliance. Confidence in recognising oral cancer was low. Conclusions Nursing staff would benefit from mouth care training targeted at assessing the mouth and providing mouth care for all inpatients.
Burden of Intimate Partner Violence among Nurses and Nursing Students in a Tertiary Hospital in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Anikwe Chidebe Christian , Umeononihu Osita Samuel , Anikwe Ifeyinwa Helen , Ikeoha Cyril Chijioke , Eleje George U. , Ewah Richard Lawrence , Okorochukwu Bartholomew Chukwunonye , Nwokoye Basil Izuchukwu , Ogah Christian Okechukwu , Chigozie Okoroafor Francis 
Published: November 2021

Introduction Nurses are the largest healthcare workforce and are not immune to intimate partner violence (IPV) and its consequences. Objective This study is aimed at determining the prevalence, types of IPV, and its determinants among female nurses and nursing students in a tertiary teaching hospital in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Methods This cross-sectional study was done in a teaching hospital in Abakaliki between 1st March 2018 and 31st May 2018 to evaluate the prevalence of IPV in the past 12 months among 460 female nursing students and 460 nurses in the facility. Data were obtained with a structured questionnaire and a Composite Abuse Scale. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 and represented using frequency table, percentages, and odds ratios. The level of significance is at P-value < 0.05. Results The prevalence of IPV was 48.2% for the nursing student and 58.7% for the nurses. The most common form of IPV among nursing students was Emotional and/or Harassment abuse (27.1%) while it was Severe combined abuse (23.9%) among the nurses. The significant determinants of IPV among nursing students were age [OR =  0.61(95%CI0.41-0.92)] and year of study [OR = 0.67 (95%CI 0.51–0.89)]. Male partner being unemployed was associated with increased odds of a female partner experiencing violence. Nurses’ marital status and being in the low socioeconomic class were associated with increased odds of a nurse witnessing IPV. Conclusion The prevalence of IPV in the studied group is unacceptably high. Efforts are therefore needed to prevent IPV in the study groups. Health care managers in the study area should make policies to support nurses/nursing students who have experienced IPV.