bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pietas and impietas as the characteristics of “good” and “bad” citizens and politicians in Rome during the decline of the Republic
Authors: Kowalski Henryk Bolesław 
Published: December 2021

Abstract: The article discusses the use of religious elements (the contrast between the concepts of pietas vs. impietas) in the characterisation of Roman politicians and citizens during the declining years of the Republic. Pietas symbolised people possessing virtues of divine character, which, consequently, ensured their exceptional position. Accusations of impietas covered a number of cases of violation of religious regulations: inter alia, negligence of rites or sacrifices (neglegentia), profanation of worship or a sacred place, encroaching on or destruction of temples (templa, aedes, fana, sacella), places (e.g. groves – luci) or objects (e.g. altars – arae, statues – simulacra) recognised as holy, as well as tombs (violatio), sacrilegium (sacrilege), violation of the principles of divinatio (contra auspicia), as well as waging a war contrary to religious principles (bellum impium).Abstrakt: Artykuł poświęcony jest wykorzystaniu elementów religijnych (zestawienia pojęć: „pietas” - „impietas”) w charakterystyce rzymskich polityków i obywateli epoki schyłku Republiki. Pietas symbolizowała ludzi, którzy skupiali w sobie te cnoty, które miały boski charakter i w związku z tym zapewniały im wyjątkową pozycję. Oskarżenia o impietas obejmowały szereg przypadków naruszenia przepisów religijnych: m.in. zaniedbanie rytuałów bądź ofiar (neglegentia), znieważenie kultu bądź miejsca świętego, naruszenie, bądź zniszczenie: świątyń (templa, aedes, fana, sacella), miejsc (np.gajów – luci) lub rzeczy (np. ołtarze – arae, posągi – simulacra) uznanych za święte, a także grobów (violatio), „sacrilegium” (świętokradztwo), naruszenie zasad „divinatio” ( contra auspicia), a także prowadzenia niezgodnej z zasadami religijnymi wojny (bellum impium).
Models and Algorithms for the Bin-Packing Problem with Minimum Color Fragmentation
Authors: Mehrani Saharnaz , Cardonha Carlos , Bergman David 
Published: December 2021

In the bin-packing problem with minimum color fragmentation (BPPMCF), we are given a fixed number of bins and a collection of items, each associated with a size and a color, and the goal is to avoid color fragmentation by packing items with the same color within as few bins as possible. This problem emerges in areas as diverse as surgical scheduling and group event seating. We present several optimization models for the BPPMCF, including baseline integer programming formulations, alternative integer programming formulations based on two recursive decomposition strategies that utilize decision diagrams, and a branch-and-price algorithm. Using the results from an extensive computational evaluation on synthetic instances, we train a decision tree model that predicts which algorithm should be chosen to solve a given instance of the problem based on a collection of derived features. Our insights are validated through experiments on the aforementioned applications on real-world data. Summary of Contribution: In this paper, we investigate a colored variant of the bin-packing problem. We present and evaluate several exact mixed-integer programming formulations to solve the problem, including models that explore recursive decomposition strategies based on decision diagrams and a set partitioning model that we solve using branch and price. Our results show that the computational performance of the algorithms depends on features of the input data, such as the average number of items per bin. Our algorithms and featured applications suggest that the problem is of practical relevance and that instances of reasonable size can be solved efficiently.
The effects of animal-assisted interactions on quality of life in children with life-threatening conditions and their parents
Authors: Walker Haley , Brisman Rebecca , Miller Mary Chapman , Cowfer Brittany , Akard Terrah , Gilmer Mary Jo 
Published: December 2021

Background: Children with advanced cancer and their primary caregivers may experience severe stress and anxiety in coping with their life-threatening condition. As a way to help reduce these stressors and increase overall quality of life, research suggests that animal-assisted interactions may be beneficial when integrated into palliative care. Aims: This pilot study aims to provide evidence for the feasibility and efficacy of a randomised clinical trial using animal-assisted interactions to help improve the quality of life for children with an advanced life-threatening condition and their primary caregivers. This protocol paper outlines the basis of the research, goals, experimental design and methodology.
Random depolarization film design for real-color displays
Authors: Sasaki Shizuki , Udono Mariko , Koike Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2021

Liquid crystal displays and organic light-emitting diode displays emit polarized light through polarizers and quarter-wave plates, which cause blackout and color change problems when the displays are viewed through polarizers, such as polarized sunglasses. Random depolarization films (RDFs) are polymer films doped with calcite particles, which randomize the polarization of light emitted from displays to resolve polarization problems. To realize displays without any color change, we investigate the retardation values and fabrication conditions required for RDFs. Analysis of the transmittance spectra and interference colors of different RDFs suggested that retardation values of approximately 600–1200 nm are sufficient to realize real-color displays. In addition, the color change measurements of displays with the RDFs revealed that an optimal dopant particle size exists and that the RDFs doped with 3.6 and 7.3 µm calcite particles achieved chromaticity changes of less than 0.02 for all 24 colors in the Macbeth chart.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and retrospective mortality in a refugee camp, Dagahaley, Kenya
Authors: Gignoux Etienne , Athanassiadis Frida , Garat Yarrow Ahmed , Jimale Abdullahi , Mubuto Nicole , Déglise Carole , Onsongo Mosoti Denis , Azman Andrew S. , Mwau Matilu , Luquero Francisco , Ciglenecki Iza 
Published: December 2021

Background
Camps of forcibly displaced populations are considered to be at risk of large COVID-19 outbreaks. Low screening rates and limited surveillance led us to conduct a study in Dagahaley camp, located in the Dadaab refugee complex in Kenya to estimate SARS-COV-2 seroprevalence and, mortality and to identify changes in access to care during the pandemic.

Methods
To estimate seroprevalence, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of individuals (n = 587) seeking care at the two main health centres and among all household members (n = 619) of community health workers and traditional birth attendants working in the camp. A rapid immunologic assay was used (BIOSYNEX® COVID‐19 BSS [IgG/IgM]) and adjusted for test performance and mismatch between the sampled population and that of the general camp population. To estimate mortality, all households (n = 12860) were exhaustively interviewed in the camp about deaths occurring from January 2019 through March 2021.

Results
In total 1206 participants were included in the seroprevalence study, 8% (95% CI: 6.6%-9.7%) had a positive serologic test. After adjusting for test performance and standardizing on age, a seroprevalence of 5.8% was estimated (95% CI: 1.6%-8.4%). The mortality rate for 10,000 persons per day was 0.05 (95% CI 0.05–0.06) prior to the pandemic and 0.07 (95% CI 0.06–0.08) during the pandemic, representing a significant 42% increase (p<0.001). Médecins Sans Frontières health centre consultations and hospital admissions decreased by 38% and 37% respectively.

Conclusion
The number of infected people was estimated 67 times higher than the number of reported cases. Participants aged 50 years or more were among the most affected. The mortality survey shows an increase in the mortality rate during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. A decline in attendance at health facilities was observed and sustained despite the easing of restrictions.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Ethiopian healthcare workers
Authors: Mohammed Rihanna , Nguse Teklehaimanot Mezgebe , Habte Bruck Messele , Fentie Atalay Mulu , Gebretekle Gebremedhin Beedemariam 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
COVID-19 poses significant health and economic threat prompting international firms to rapidly develop vaccines and secure quick regulatory approval. Although COVID-19 vaccination priority is given for high-risk individuals including healthcare workers (HCWs), the success of the immunization efforts hinges on peoples’ willingness to embrace these vaccines.

Objective
This study aimed to assess HCWs intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and the reasons underlying vaccine hesitancy.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among HCWs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March to July 2021. Data were collected from eligible participants from 18 health facilities using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression was performed to explore factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 614 HCWs participated in the study, with a mean age of 30.57±6.87 years. Nearly two-thirds (60.3%) of HCWs were hesitant to use the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants under the age of 30 years were approximately five times more likely to be hesitant to be vaccinated compared to those over the age of 40 years. HCWs other than medical doctors and/or nurses (AOR = 2.1; 95%CI; 1.1, 3.8) were more likely to be hesitant for COVID-19 vaccine. Lack of believe in COVID-19 vaccine benefits (AOR = 2.5; 95%CI; 1.3, 4.6), lack of trust in the government (AOR = 1.9; 95%CI; 1.3, 3.1), lack of trust science to produce safe and effective vaccines (AOR = 2.6; 95%CI; 1.6, 4.2); and concern about vaccine safety (AOR = 3.2; 95%CI; 1.9, 5.4) were also found to be predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusion
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy showed to be high among HCWs. All concerned bodies including the ministry, regional health authorities, health institutions, and HCWs themselves should work together to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake and overcome the pandemic.
Effect of Protection of Soybean Meal Using Mahogany Leaf Extract in Ruminant Diet on Rumen Fermentation Products
Authors: Ifani Merryafinola , Rimbawanto Efka Aris , Suhartati Fransisca Maria 
Published: December 2021

<p class="abstrak3"><span lang="IN">The study </span><span>was </span><span lang="IN">aimed to examine effect of protecting soybean meal using mahogany leaf extract on rumen fermentation products in vitro. The material used was cow rumen fluid, basal ration consisting of concentrate and elephant grass with a ratio of 60:40%, and mahogany leaves. The research was carried out in three stages: mahogany extraction, protein protection using mahogany extract, and in vitro stages. The test was conducted in vitro </span><span>based on</span><span lang="IN"> a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments consisted of 4 kinds of soybean meal protection with 0% tannin concentration (</span><span>T</span><span lang="IN">0); 1.5% (</span><span>T</span><span lang="IN">1); 3% (</span><span>T</span><span lang="IN">2); and 4.5% (</span><span>T</span><span lang="IN">3). </span><span>D</span><span lang="IN">ata obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and tested using orthogonal polynomials. </span><span>R</span><span lang="IN">esults showed that addition of protected soybean meal with mahogany leaf extract had a cubic</span><span>al</span><span lang="IN"> effect on partial VFA, methane gas and post-rumen dissolved protein, a quadratic effect on protozoa, and a linear effect</span><span>on </span><span lang="IN">N-NH<sub>3</sub>, SPM, and RUDP. Giving extra mahogany leaves at a level of 1.5% produced a fermented product that was not different from the control while giving a level of 3% got the highest fermentation product. Giving mahogany leaf extract at a level of 4.5% resulted in the highest SPM, and RUDP but there was a decrease in soluble protein, which indicated the occurrence of overprotection. The addition of 3% mahogany leaf extract effectively increased rumen fermentation products, RUDP, and soluble protein without disturbing the activity of rumen bacteria.</span></p>
Folklore, identidades y (des)marcaciones sociales
Authors: Pacheco Gimena 
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo tiene por objeto indagar en las representaciones sociales y los sentidos que se crean en y a partir de prácticas de un determinado tipo de música conocida y difundida popularmente como «folklórica», en el marco de festivales comerciales regionales–nacionales en el Noroeste Argentino (NOA). Específicamente aquí abordaremos las performances de determinadas artistas, llevadas a cabo en el festival folklórico Serenata a Cafayate, en su edición 2020, en la provincia de Salta.
De cara a ello, a partir del análisis de los usos de los soportes materiales que habilita la música folklórica —letras de canciones, instrumentos musicales, etc.— y aquellos vinculados a la performance y la espectacularidad —vestimenta, objetos dispuestos en el escenario, etc.—, se buscará examinar las estrategias performáticas que los/as artistas despliegan, en el mencionado espacio, en términos de (des)marcación identitaria dando lugar a diferentes articulaciones entre representaciones étnicas, regionales y nacionales.
Customary Gidar Marriage and Christian Tradition
Authors: Różański Jarosław 
Published: December 2021

In Cameroon we are dealing with three types of marriage: traditional, universally practiced marriage; civil marriage, required by state law before entering into a religious marriage; and, finally, sacramental marriage. Most widespread is the traditional form of contracting marriage. This article will present this particular form, referring to Gidar traditions and also showing its similarities to, and differences from, the Christian tradition brought by the missionaries. It will also propose solutions which combine the two traditions.
A characteristic feature of marriage rites was their multi-stage nature. They were not single acts but events long prepared and celebrated with suitable gestures, symbols, words, and events. The individual, successive stages of “taking a wife” consisted of the choice of a spouse, accepted by both families; an engagement period; an act by both families of acknowledgement of the joining of the young persons as one in marriage; the conveying of the bride to her husband’s home; celebrating; and paying the matrimonial fee.
The Church in northern Cameroon recognized traditional marriages contracted outside of baptism as valid and licit, provided that local principles, e.g., payment of a marriage fee, were taken into account. If either of the parties accepted baptism, the marriage became for him or her sacramental.
If the other party also made the same decision later on, their union took on a sacramental character, without a need to renew the marriage vows. Controversy would however arise if attempts were made to contract a traditional marriage if one party was [already] baptized, or if both parties were baptized. These controversies mainly concerned the unity, indissolubility, and sacramentality of marriage.
Tove Janssons bildebok Vem ska trösta knyttet? som heltedikt
Authors: C. Takle Cecilie , S. Rustad Hans Kristian 
Published: December 2021

Tove Jansson’s Picturebook Who Will Comfort Toffle? as a Heroic Poem
This article offers an analysis of Tove Jansson’s picturebook Vem ska trösta knyttet? (Who Will Comfort Toffle?) from 1960 as a heroic poem and dramatic monologue, representing an alternative reading to earlier studies of this picturebook as a coherent narrative. Drawing on theory about heroic poetry, poetry and picturebook analysis, we provide a reading that expands those interpretations of Vem ska trösta knyttet? that emphasize the romantic and psychological projects of the book when read as a narrative story. By reading Vem ska trösta knyttet? as a heroic poem, we explore the text as an uttered, ritualistic, and iterative event rather than solely a narrative with fictional characters. Read in the tradition of the heroic poem, Toffle is (still) the hero, where lyrical language and structures allow the reader to remember and retell the poem, letting Toffle’s deeds live on beyond the alleged time of events and the performative declaration by Toffle.
Primitive and decomposable elements in homology of ΩΣℂP
∞
Authors: Lee Dae-Woong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For each positive integer

n

n

, we let

φ

n

:
Σ
C

P

∞

→
Σ
C

P

∞

{\varphi }_{n}:\Sigma {\mathbb{C}}{P}^{\infty }\to \Sigma {\mathbb{C}}{P}^{\infty }

be the self-maps of the suspension of the infinite complex projective space, or the localization of this space at a set of primes which may be an empty set. Furthermore, let

[

φ

m

,

φ

n

]

:
Σ
C

P

∞

→
Σ
C

P

∞

\left[{\varphi }_{m},{\varphi }_{n}]:\Sigma {\mathbb{C}}{P}^{\infty }\to \Sigma {\mathbb{C}}{P}^{\infty }

be a commutator of self-maps

φ

m

{\varphi }_{m}

and

φ

n

{\varphi }_{n}

for any positive integers

m

m

and

n

n

. In the current study, we show that the image of the homomorphism

[

φ

ˆ

m

,

φ

ˆ

n

]

∗

{\left[{\hat{\varphi }}_{m},{\hat{\varphi }}_{n}]}_{\ast }

in homology induced by the adjoint

[

φ

ˆ

m

,

φ

ˆ

n

]

:
C

P

∞

→
Ω
Σ
C

P

∞

\left[{\hat{\varphi }}_{m},{\hat{\varphi }}_{n}]:{\mathbb{C}}{P}^{\infty }\to \Omega \Sigma {\mathbb{C}}{P}^{\infty }

of the commutator

[

φ

m

,

φ

n

]

\left[{\varphi }_{m},{\varphi }_{n}]

is both primitive and decomposable. As a further support of the above statement, we provide an example.
A new characterization of the automorphism groups of Mathieu groups
Authors: Liu Xin , Chen Guiyun , Yan Yanxiong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Let

cd

(

G

)

{\rm{cd}}\left(G)

be the set of irreducible complex character degrees of a finite group

G

G

.

ρ

(

G

)

\rho \left(G)

denotes the set of primes dividing degrees in

cd

(

G

)

{\rm{cd}}\left(G)

. For any prime p, let

p

e

p

(

G

)

=
max

{

χ

(

1

)

p

∣

χ
∈
Irr

(

G

)

}

{p}^{{e}_{p}\left(G)}=\max \left\{\chi {\left(1)}_{p}\hspace{0.08em}| \hspace{0.08em}\chi \in {\rm{Irr}}\left(G)\right\}

and

V

(

G

)

=

{

p

e

p

(

G

)

∣

p
∈
ρ

(

G

)

}

V\left(G)=\left\{{p}^{{e}_{p}\left(G)}\hspace{0.08em}| \hspace{0.1em}p\in \rho \left(G)\right\}

. The degree prime-power graph

Γ

(

G

)

\Gamma \left(G)

of

G

G

is a graph whose vertices set is

V

(

G

)

V\left(G)

, and two vertices

x
,
y
∈
V

(

G

)

x,y\in V\left(G)

are joined by an edge if and only if there exists

m
∈
cd

(

G

)

m\in {\rm{cd}}\left(G)

such that

x
y
∣
m

xy| m

. It is an interesting and difficult problem to determine the structure of a finite group by using its degree prime-power graphs. Qin proved that all Mathieu groups can be uniquely determined by their orders and degree prime-power graphs. In this article, we continue this topic and successfully characterize all the automorphism groups of Mathieu groups by using their orders and degree prime-power graphs.
Addressing the call: A review of food justice courses in Canada and the USA
Authors: Corkery Meryn , Valley Will , Liao 廖釆約 Joyce , Dring Colin 
Published: December 2021

To address inequality's root causes both within and beyond the food chain, food justice scholars have called for explicit integration of trauma/inequity, land, labour, exchange, and governance into post-secondary education food studies and related fields. This paper explores how instructors of food justice courses (identified by key-word internet search) in Canada and the United States are designing their courses. We collected course syllabi from fifteen institutions to determine key themes related to course content based on weekly topics and readings, resulting in the identification of 16 thematic content areas. We identified seven thematic areas related to course goals (n=49) and eight thematic areas related to learning outcomes (n=123). To clearly distinguish between themes represented in the syllabi, we embedded course goals and learning outcomes into the Understanding by Design instructional design framework, which demonstrates how course goals can be separated into the categories of transfer and meaning, and learning outcomes into declarative and procedural knowledge. We examine content areas in relation to food justice scholarship, focusing on what is present, underrepresented, and absent. In consideration of the Understanding by Design framework, we discuss the need for established goals within which to situate food justice courses, challenges of course scope, value of scaffolding goals and outcomes across programs, and future directions for aligning potential indicators of understanding and identifying effective learning activities. The intended outcome of the paper is to provide current and prospective instructors with greater clarity on how food justice is being taught in order to increase our collective effectiveness in developing student capacities in the field.
TINGIMENTO DE TECIDO ACRÍLICO COM REUSO SOLUÇÃO DO CORANTE BÁSICO ASTRAZON, TRATADA COM RESÍDUO DA INDÚSTRIA BUNGE COMO ADSORVENTE
Authors: Oliveira Barcellos Ivonete , Feller Júlia , Vieira Giovana Aparecida 
Published: December 2021

A indústria têxtil utiliza grandes volumes de água em seus processos. Sendo assim, encontrar um tratamento do efluente, visando sua reutilização, é importante. Realizou-se tingimentos com água destilada (padrão), soluções de monocromia com corante azul e vermelho e bicromia, apresentando diferentes proporções dos corantes e até no máximo 1% (m/m). Os efluentes obtidos foram coletados com o intuito de realizar seu tratamento, por adsorção com resíduo de clarificação de óleos vegetais, apresentando alta eficiência. Os parâmetros colorísticos K/S e ΔE mostram a possibilidade de seu reuso, pois os K/S obtidos variaram, até 9,48% em relação ao padrão. O ΔE máximo obtido foi 0,66 sendo valores menores que 1,0 aceitos na indústria. Em relação aos ensaios de qualidade, em sua maioria apresentou valor de solidez 5, nota máxima de acordo com a norma. Este comportamento positivo comprova que o procedimento é eficaz e econômico uma vez que utiliza poucos insumos e estes provem de resíduos industriais.
Mortality rate in cancer patients with COVID-19: meta-analysis data
Authors: Yousif Nasser 
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), that begun from Wuhan, China and spread rapidly and to worldwide. Since, cancer patients are more susceptible to different types of infection with have higher risk of severe symptoms of COVID-19 than patients without cancer. The objective of this study is determine mortality rate in cancer patients with COVID-19 through used systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses by searched COVID-19, cancer patients, mortality rate patients with cancer, mortality rate patients with COVID-19. In order to collect the data, valid databases (i.e., MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct) were systematically searched. Five hundred and forty-five (545) studies were identified on valid databases (electronic literature search) were screened by title, abstract and full-text articles were identified for eligibility. Seven study data of patients with severe COVID-19 reported higher mortality among patients with hematologic versus those with non-hematologic cancers (79.9% v 55.6%), and no difference in mortality among cancer + COVID-19 patients with comorbidity compared with those without any comorbidity (33.1% v 33.6%).	In conclusion; patients with cancer and COVID-19 had a significantly higher risk of mortality outcomes then patients with COVID-19 without cancer. Doctors and other medical staff must be tolerated take care with cancer patients in the COVID-19 visitors.