bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic status and parent perceptions about the costs and benefits of youth sport
Authors: Kroshus Emily , Qu Pingping , Chrisman Sara , Herring Stanley , Rivara Frederick 
Published: November 2021

Objectives
Describe what costs and benefits parents across the socioeconomic spectrum weight most heavily when making decisions about sport participation for their children.

Method
Cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative online panel of parents of children between the ages of 5 and 18 (n = 1025, 52% response rate). Parents rated the importance of a series of potential costs and benefits of youth sport and these responses were compared across tertiles of per capita family income. We first examined the association between family income tertiles and cost and benefit variables. Model-based cluster analysis was then used to identity homogeneous groups of responses to costs and benefits.

Results
In all income tertiles, the top two benefits of sport were the same: having fun and being physically active. Sport as a means of keeping children out of trouble was very important for 64% of low-income parents as compared to 40% of high-income parents. Obtaining a college athletic scholarship was very important for 26% of low-income parents, as compared to 8% of high-income parents. Relative rankings of potential costs were similar by income tertile, with risk of concussion and other injury and the impact of sport on schoolwork prioritized across tertiles.

Conclusions
Parents prioritized fun and fitness in sport, and were concerned about injury and the impact of sport on academics. Lower income parents were the most likely to view keeping their child out of trouble, and the potential for a college athletics scholarship, as benefits of sport. Efforts to support parental decision making should be grounded in an understanding that family preferences are contextually constrained. While all parents should be appropriately informed about the potential costs and benefits they are weighting in their sports-related decision making, such family-focused efforts should be balanced with the recognition that structural change is needed to address income-related concerns about sport participation.
Factors associated with police shooting mortality: A focus on race and a plea for more comprehensive data
Authors: Nix Justin , Shjarback John A. 
Published: November 2021

Objectives
To quantify nonfatal injurious police shootings of people and examine the factors associated with victim mortality.

Methods
We gathered victim-level data on fatal and nonfatal injurious police shootings from four states that have such information publicly available: Florida (2009–14), Colorado (2010–19), Texas (2015–19), and California (2016–19). For each state, we examined bivariate associations between mortality and race/ethnicity, gender, age, weapon, and access to trauma care. We also estimated logistic regression models predicting victim mortality in each state.

Results
Forty-five percent of these police shooting victims (N = 1,322) did not die. Black–white disparities were more pronounced in nonfatal injurious police shootings than in fatal police shootings. Overall, Black victims were less likely than white victims to die from their wound(s). Younger victims were less likely to die from their wound(s), as well as those who were unarmed.

Conclusions
Racial and age disparities in police shootings are likely more pronounced than previous estimates suggest.

Policy implications
Other states should strongly consider compiling data like that which is currently being gathered in California. Absent data on nonfatal injurious police shootings–which account for a large share of deadly force incidents–researchers and analysts must be cautious about comparing and/or ranking jurisdictions in terms of their police-involved fatality rates.
Impact of restriction of over-the-counter sales of antimicrobials on antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli from community-onset urinary tract infections in inner São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Fernanda Saad , Amat Helena Ribeiro Aiello , Fortaleza Carlos Magno Castelo Branco 
Published: November 2021

Background
Antimicrobial resistance in community-associated infections is an increasing worldwide concern. In low-to-middle income countries, over-the-counter (OTC) sales of antimicrobials without medical prescription have been blamed for increasing consumption and resistance. We studied the impact of restriction of OTC sales of antimicrobials in Brazil (instituted in October 2010) on resistance trends of Escherichia coli from community-onset urinary tract infections.

Methods
We analyzed monthly resistance trend of Escherichia coli from community-onset urinary tract infections from 2005 through 2018. The data were submitted to interrupted time series analysis in both linear and Poisson regression models.

Results
We found impact on cefazolin (p<0.001) and amikacin (p<0.001) resistance as immediate impact of the intervention, and no beneficial impact on resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.

Conclusion
At the present study, we found that OTC sales restriction did not generally impact on antimicrobial resistance.
Potassium mobilization and plant growth promotion by soil bacteria isolated from different agroclimatic zones of Odisha, India
Authors: PANDA Aiswarya , DASH Ankita , MISHRA Bibhuti Bhusan 
Published: November 2021

<p class="042abstractstekst"><span lang="EN-US">Potassium is essential for plant metabolism; improves immunity to stress and increase crop productivity. Soil contains insoluble form of potassium, which is unavailable for plant absorption. Potash mobilizing bacteria (KMB) solubilise complex potassium and make it available to plant. KMB with plant growth promoting (PGP) traits could enhance growth and crop productivity. Here we attempt to screen KMBs with PGP traits from different agroclimatic zones of Odisha and study dynamics of potassium in soil. Isolation of KMB and determination of PGP traits was performed with standard protocols. Pot culture experiment was aimed to study their effect on sunflower crop. Available soil potassium was quantified using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Thirty KMBs were isolated from different agro-climatic zones of Odisha, out of which 6 isolates exhibited maximum PGP traits. Moreover, after adding inoculums the available soil potassium decreased over 0 to 30 days as compared to control, with increase in shoot length. T7 (consortium) reported maximum (144 %) increase in shoot length. Available soil potassium content decreased with increase in time. A maximum decrease was reported in T7 (26.31 %), suggesting potassium accumulation by plant.</span></p>
Correlation, regression and cluster analyses on yield attributes and popping characteristics of popcorn (Zea mays L. everta) in derived savanna and rainforest agro-ecologies of Nigeria
Authors: OLAKOJO Oloruntoba Olatayo , BANKOLE Folusho , OGUNNIYAN Dotun 
Published: November 2021

Information on the genetic and agronomic relationship among the crop characters is important for the breeding programs. This study aimed at determining the relationship among grain yield, popping expansion and other agronomic characters in 19 popcorn lines evaluated in replicated trials at two locations. Correlation analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between agronomic traits while multiple stepwise regression analyses was used to determine the contribution of other agronomic traits to grain yield. Results showed that plant and ear heights as well as cob length exhibited positive and significant association with grain yield. Popping volume showed negative and significant association (-0.45**) with grain yield while 100-grain mass had a negative and significant correlation (-0.37**) with popping volume. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that ear height, cob length, plant aspect and 100-grain mass contributed a total of 53.66 % to variation in grain yield, with ear height contributing the highest portion (22.51 %). Cluster analysis grouped popcorn lines into four different clusters, where ‘Small Pearl Shaped’ and ‘Popcorn 33-1-Y’ belonged to cluster II and IV, respectively, showing how divergent they are and possible utilization for hybrid formation. Improvement for popcorn should focus on identifying lines with acceptable level of popping volume and improved on their grain yield and yield attributes.
Status prawny prowincji mezyjskich w okresie wojen markomańskich
Authors: Mrozewicz Leszek 
Published: November 2021

In 1962, Anthony R. Birley advanced a remarkable thesis, claiming that the rank of the Roman province of Upper Moesia (Moesia superior) was temporarily reduced from consular to praetorian. To support the assertion, he cited the fact that one of the two legions stationed in the province left it for a period of time; this automatically entailed a revision of its status, which was thus downgraded. A province with one legion was governed by a former praetor, whereas a province with two or more legions was administered by a former consul (vir consularis). A.R. Birley drew on the account in SHA vita Marci 22.9, which states that Marcus Aurelius changed – pro belli necessitate – the status of several provinces, as well as on two inscriptions (CIL III 1566; XIII6806), which contained an unorthodox record of senatorial careers. Both inscriptions mention Upper Moesia. A.R. Birley’s proposition was widely accepted by researchers, though critical views were also expressed. Nonetheless, its impact was so effective that it was subsequently argued that the mechanism should be presumed to have applied to Lower Moesia (Moesia inferior) as well.
Still, a thorough analysis of all available sources permits one to conclude that the view is erroneous and altogether unfounded. In fact, its represents an outcome of a puristic application of the prosopographic method, which in this case proved a fundamental mistake.
Unique presentations of the post COVID-19 infection, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
Authors: Biham Rochwerger Keren , Nahum Amit 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), continues to affect most of the world’s population. In children, the respiratory and systemic involvement appears to have a much more benign course in comparison to adults, with almost no fatalities reported. However, we are now encountering a post-infectious immune mediated condition, termed, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). In most cases the main features are prolonged fever and elevated inflammatory markers. Many of the patients present with abdominal pain and varying degrees of myocardial involvement, from mild reduction in cardiac output to the most alarming manifestation of cardiovascular shock. Results: We present two patients with unusual manifestations of MIS-C related to post COVID-19 infection: an infant born to a mother who was severely ill at the very end of pregnancy, presenting with prolonged fever, rash, pericardial effusion, and evidence of coronary arteries wall dilation thickening as a result of inflammation, and, a teenage girl with severe cardiac tamponade without the more common cardiac manifestations of myocardial involvement. Discussion: Post COVID-19 MIS-C can present with a wide variety of manifestations. The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying these inflammatory responses in infants are yet to be elucidated. Physicians should be aware of such presentations since rapid diagnosis and treatment are key for a favourable outcome. Statement of novelty: We present two unique manifestations of post COVID-19 infection which, to date, are not discussed frequently in the literature.
The Chivalry of a Martial Artist – Interview with Wu Jing
Authors: Jia Leilei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This dialog was conducted between Wu Jing, an actor and a film director, and Jia Leilei, a researcher of the Chinese National Academy of Arts, at Director Wu Jing’s Studio in Beijing on May 18, 2021. This dialog is about Wu Jing’s personal experiences and film concepts including Wu Jing as a martial artist, Wu Jing as an actor and a director; his persistence in pursuing authenticity in filmmaking as well as his life philosophy, all highlighting the chivalry of martial artists both in the film world and real life.
The crystal structure of 2,2′-((1E,1′E)-(naphthalene-2,3 diylbis(azanylylidene)) bis(methanylylidene))bis(4-methylphenol), C26H22N2O2
Authors: Ndlangamandla Nqobile , Clayton Hadley S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
C26H22N2O2, monoclinic, P21/n (No. 14), a = 6.2362(2) Å, b = 16.3148(6) Å, c = 20.0521(7) Å, β = 94.308(1)°, V = 2034.38(12) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0439, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1088, T = 173 K.
The Church Is Christ Present: Luther’s Theological Realism and Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s Understanding of the Church as Unity of Act and Being
Authors: Karttunen Tomi 
Published: November 2021

Facing the challenge of modern individualism Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–45) corrected the contemporary interpretation of Martin Luther’s theology regarding the sacramentality and communal understanding of the Church. From the perspective of philosophical theology he discussed the “transcendental” and “ontological” approaches to explicate the presence of God’s revelation in the Church through word and sacraments. Ecclesially and pastorally based theology required a participatory, ecclesially oriented ontology as the basis of theological epistemology. Philosophical concepts should be adapted in a theological context to explicate and construct theological content. For Bonhoeffer the Church was the place of revelation in which the human being could understand his or her existence in relation to others and lead a “personal life.” More clearly and systematically than Luther, Bonhoeffer saw the Church as the Body of Christ as the place of transformation into the shape of Christ. Every individualistic idea of the Church must be wrong. Communion, doctrine, and theology belonged together. The intentions of Luther and Bonhoeffer regarding the Church’s Christological and Pneumatological foundation as a sacramental communion in the Triune God, sent into the world in shared witness and service in mission and ministry still seems to have ecumenical potential concerning for example Lutheran and Catholic understandings of Church, ministry and Eucharist.
Elements of Ontology in Luther’s Lectures on Romans (1515–1516)
Authors: Žák Ľubomír 
Published: November 2021

The author starts from the assumption that Martin Luther did not want to deny the importance of ontology (and metaphysics) for theology, but rather to regulate the meaning and use of the categories and main ontological concepts/terms in the perspective of the novum of God’s Revelation in Jesus Christ, (a novum) witnessed by the Holy Scripture as the origin of a being renewed through faith. By examining some passages of his Lectures on Romans (1515–1516), the article highlights the presence of some significant “ontological signals” of the reformer’s thought, in particular those that intend to express the being of the believer with concepts like “Exchange of Forms,” creatio ex nihilo, transitus and actus/motus. Furthermore, it shows that Luther understands these concepts in a relational key, that is, he considers the relationship between the triune Creator and His creature as absolutely essential for the understanding of the person’s being; a relationship that on the one hand is already given – and ontologically will never be interrupted – through every single act of creation (i.e. with the birth of every human being), and on the other hand is being implemented through the gift of faith in Christ, understood as a relationship of trusting acceptance of the triune Creator’s will of communion.
Three-Dimensional Visualization of the Podocyte Actin Network Using Integrated Membrane Extraction, Electron Microscopy, and Machine Learning
Authors: Qu Chengqing , Roth Robyn , Puapatanakul Pongpratch , Loitman Charles , Hammad Dina , Genin Guy M. , Miner Jeffrey H. , Suleiman Hani Y. 
Published: November 2021

Significance Statement
Podocytes have interdigitated foot processes with intricate three-dimensional structures that are crucial for glomerular filtration. Electron microscopy shows podocytes’ complex morphology, but direct visualization of their cytoskeleton and definitive identification of the proteins that comprise the cytoskeletal structures have remained elusive. The authors describe a novel technique that reveals the three-dimensional organization of the podocyte cytoskeleton, finding that actin cables inside foot processes are connected directly to slit diaphragms, to form a continuous mesh-like sheet covering the glomerular basement membrane. Their findings also reveal these actin cables to be part of an extensive, contiguous actin network surrounding the major processes and the podocyte cell body. Applying this technique may help elucidate the mechanobiologic mechanisms regulating podocyte architecture and reveal the ultrastructural changes in the actin network on podocyte injury.

Background
Actin stress fibers are abundant in cultured cells, but little is known about them in vivo. In podocytes, much evidence suggests that mechanobiologic mechanisms underlie podocyte shape and adhesion in health and in injury, with structural changes to actin stress fibers potentially responsible for pathologic changes to cell morphology. However, this hypothesis is difficult to rigorously test in vivo due to challenges with visualization. A technology to image the actin cytoskeleton at high resolution is needed to better understand the role of structures such as actin stress fibers in podocytes.

Methods
We developed the first visualization technique capable of resolving the three-dimensional cytoskeletal network in mouse podocytes in detail, while definitively identifying the proteins that comprise this network. This technique integrates membrane extraction, focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy, and machine learning image segmentation.

Results
Using isolated mouse glomeruli from healthy animals, we observed actin cables and intermediate filaments linking the interdigitated podocyte foot processes to newly described contractile actin structures, located at the periphery of the podocyte cell body. Actin cables within foot processes formed a continuous, mesh-like, electron-dense sheet that incorporated the slit diaphragms.

Conclusions
Our new technique revealed, for the first time, the detailed three-dimensional organization of actin networks in healthy podocytes. In addition to being consistent with the gel compression hypothesis, which posits that foot processes connected by slit diaphragms act together to counterbalance the hydrodynamic forces across the glomerular filtration barrier, our data provide insight into how podocytes respond to mechanical cues from their surrounding environment.
İnterdiyalitik Kilo Alımının Kardiyovasküler Mortalite ve Morbidite Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: ŞAHİN Murat , ALTUNÖREN Orçun , SAYARLİOGLU Hayriye 
Published: November 2021

Amaç: Kronik böbrek hastalığı (KBH) bulunanlarda morbidite ve mortalite oranları genel popülasyonla karşılaştırıldığında yüksektir. Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar KBH popülasyonunda oldukça sıktır ve mortalitenin en sık sebebidir. KBH bulunan hastalarda kardiyovasküler mortaliteyi etkileyen önemli faktörlerden birisi sıvı ve elektrolit dengesidir. Çalışmamızda hemodiyaliz hastalarında interdiyalitik kilo alımı (IDWG)’nın kardiyovasküler (KV) morbiditeye ve mortalite olan etkilerini saptamayı ve nutrisyonel parametrelerle olan ilişkisini incelemeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Hemodiyaliz merkezlerinde diyalize giren 111 hasta retrospektif olarak tarandı. Çalışmaya en az 6 ay boyunca haftada 3 defa hemodiyaliz olan hastalar dahil edildi. Hastaların kuru ağırlığı klinik bulgulara göre hesaplandı. Kuru ağırlık değerlendirilirken sıvı yüklenmesi durumunu gösteren
ödem, kan basıncı yüksekliği, akciğer grafisinde kardiyotorasik indeks incelendi. Hastaların normotansif kaldığı diyaliz sonrası ağırlık, kuru ağırlık olarak kabul edildi. İnterdiyalitik kilo alımı diyaliz öncesindeki kilo ile sonrasında kuru ağırlığına eriştiği kilo arasındaki fark olarak hesaplandı. IDWG’nin diyaliz sonrası vücut ağırlığına bölünmesiyle IDWG’nin vücut ağırlığına oranı hesaplandı. Hastaların 0-6-12-18. ve 24. aylardaki IDWG değerleri kaydedildi. Hastaların dosyalarından aynı kişi tarafından yapılan ekokardiyografi değerlendirmeleri alındı.
Bulgular: İki yıllık takipte 17 hastada mortalite gelişmişti Mortalite gelişen ve gelişmeyen hastalarda IDWG miktarı sırasıyla vücut ağırlığının %3.84 ve %3.67’si olarak bulundu(p=0.64). Çalışmamızda IDGW yüksek (diyaliz çıkış ağırlığının %4.8’inden fazla) olanlarda mortalite (5/18) %27, IDWG düşük olanlarda (12/93) %12 olarak saptandı (p=0.11). Mortalite grubunda sistolik ve diyastolik kan basınç ortalamaları sırasıyla 125 mmHg ve 75.8 mmHg iken (sistolik kan basıncı için p=0.96; diyastolik kan basıncı için p=0.82), mortalite gelişmeyen grupta ise sistolik ve diyastolik sırasıyla 125 mmHg ve 79 mmHg olarak saptandı.
Sonuç: Çalışmamızda mortaliteyi etkileyen faktörler diyabet varlığı, Ejeksiyon Fraksiyonu (EF) ve ileri yaş olarak bulunmuştur. Hemodiyaliz hastaları yaş, hastalık, ve mortalite açısından değerlendirildiğinde iyi takip ve uygun tedavi hemodiyaliz hastalarının sonuçlarını iyi yönde etkilemektedir.
Development of Guided Inquiry based E-Learning Teaching Material on the Intermolecular Forces Enriched with Molview
Authors: Agustina Nur Indah , Munzil Munzil , Habiddin Habiddin , Muchson M. 
Published: November 2021

The intermolecular force is one of the chemistry topics covered in the high school curriculum in Indonesia. As the characteristics of chemistry concepts in general, intermolecular forces concepts can be presented in the three levels of chemical representations (microscopic, symbolic, and macroscopic). Currently, chemistry teaching materials are available in Indonesian schools mostly have limited support for helping students to visualize the molecular aspect of intermolecular forces concepts mainly in the form of three-dimensional space (3D). This study aimed to produce an E-Learning teaching material enriched with 3D Molecular Visualization. The product (teaching material) in this study is presented by considering the syntax of guided inquiry-based learning. The product was developed with the procedure adopted from Lee and Owens, including assessment/analysis, need assessment, front-end analysis, design, and development. The product is valid and suitable to be applied in online chemistry teaching. However, further study to investigate the effectiveness of this product empirically need to be explored in the future.