bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered Complexity of Spontaneous Brain Activity in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Patients
Authors: Zhang Nan , Niu Yan , Sun Jie , An Weichao , Li Dandan , Wei Jing , Yan Ting , Xiang Jie , Wang Bin 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundSchizophrenia (SC) and bipolar disorder (BP) share elements of symptoms and the underlying neural mechanisms for both remain unclear. Recently, the complexity of spontaneous functional MRI (fMRI) signals in brain activity has been investigated in SC and BP using multiscale sample entropy (MSE) with inconsistent results.PurposeTo perform MSE analysis across five time scales to assess differences in resting‐state fMRI signal complexity in SC, BP, and normal controls (NC).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationFifty SC, 49 BP, and 49 NC.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T, T2* weighted echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence.AssessmentThe mean MSEs of all gray matter (GM) and of 12 regions of interest (ROIs) were extracted using masks across the five scales. The regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in these ROIs were also determined and the relationship between the three measures was investigated. The correlations between cognitive assessment scores and MSE values were also explored.Statistical TestsBonferroni correction, One‐way ANOVA, Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r), Gaussian random field (GRF) correction.ResultsThere were decreased GM MSE values in the patient groups (F = 9.629, P < 0.05). SC and BP patients demonstrated lower complexity than NCs in the calcarine fissure, precuneus, inferior occipital gyrus, lingual gyrus and cerebellum, and higher complexity in the median cingulate, thalamus, hippocampus, middle temporal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus. There were significant differences between SC and BP patients in the precuneus (F = 4.890, P < 0.05) and inferior occipital gyrus (F = 5.820, P < 0.05). Calcarine fissure, cingulate, temporal gyrus, occipital gyrus, hippocampus, precuneus, frontal gyrus, and lingual gyrus MSE values were significantly correlated with both ReHo (r > 0.282, P < 0.05) and ALFF (r > 0.278, P < 0.05). Furthermore, median temporal MSE (r = −0.321, P < 0.05) on scale 3 and (r = −0.307, P < 0.05) on scale 4 and median cingulate MSE (r = −0.337, P < 0.05) on scale 5 was significantly negatively correlated with cognitive assessment scores.Data ConclusionThese data highlight different patterns of brain signal intensity complexity in SC and BP.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 1
The comprehensive clinic, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of children with COVID‐19: A 6‐months prospective study
Authors: Isoldi Sara , Mallardo Saverio , Marcellino Alessia , Bloise Silvia , Dilillo Anna , Iorfida Donatella , Testa Alessia , Del Giudice Emanuela , Martucci Vanessa , Sanseviero Mariateresa , Barberi Antonio , Raponi Massimo , Ventriglia Flavia , Lubrano Riccardo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo perform a comprehensive clinic, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of children affected by coronavirus disease (COVID‐19).MethodsChildren with a positive result of nasopharyngeal swab for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) underwent laboratory tests, anal and conjunctival swab, electrocardiography, lung, abdomen, and cardiac ultrasound. Twenty‐four‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed if abnormal basal blood pressure. Patients were followed‐up for 6 months.ResultsThree hundred and sixteen children were evaluated; 15 were finally included. Confirmed family member SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was present in all. Twenty‐seven percent were asymptomatic. Anal and conjunctival swabs tests resulted negative in all. Patients with lower body mass index (BMI) presented significantly higher viral loads. Main laboratory abnormalities were: lactate dehydrogenase increasing (73%), low vitamin D levels (87%), hematuria (33%), proteinuria (26%), renal hyperfiltration (33%), and hypofiltration (13%). Two of the patients with hyperfiltration exhibited high blood pressure levels at diagnosis, and persistence of prehypertension at 6‐month follow‐up. No abnormalities were seen at ultrasound, excepting for one patient who exhibited B‐lines at lung sonography. Immunoglobulin G seroconversion was observed in all at 1‐month.ConclusionsOur study confirm that intra‐family transmission is important. The significant higher viral loads recorded among patients with lower BMI, together with low vitamin D levels, support the impact of nutritional status on immune system. Renal involvement is frequent even among children with mild COVID‐19, therefore prompt evaluation and identification of patients with reduced renal function reserve would allow a better stratification and management of patients. Seroconversion occurs also in asymptomatic children, with no differences in antibodies titer according to age, sex and clinical manifestations.
Outpatient metformin use is associated with reduced severity of COVID‐19 disease in adults with overweight or obesity
Authors: Bramante Carolyn T. , Buse John , Tamaritz Leonardo , Palacio Ana , Cohen Ken , Vojta Deneen , Liebovitz David , Mitchell Nia , Nicklas Jacinda , Lingvay Ildiko , Clark Jeanne M. , Aronne Louis J. , Anderson Erik , Usher Michael , Demmer Ryan , Melton Genevieve B. , Ingraham Nicholas , Tignanelli Christopher J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObservational studies suggest outpatient metformin use is associated with reduced mortality from coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). Metformin is known to decrease interleukin‐6 and tumor‐necrosis factor‐α, which appear to contribute to morbidity in COVID‐19. We sought to understand whether outpatient metformin use was associated with reduced odds of severe COVID‐19 disease in a large US healthcare data set. Retrospective cohort analysis of electronic health record (EHR) data that was pooled across multiple EHR systems from 12 hospitals and 60 primary care clinics in the Midwest between March 4, 2020 and December 4, 2020. Inclusion criteria: data for body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2 and a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction test; age ≥ 30 and ≤85 years. Exclusion criteria: patient opt‐out of research. Metformin is the exposure of interest, and death, admission, and intensive care unit admission are the outcomes of interest. Metformin was associated with a decrease in mortality from COVID‐19, OR 0.32 (0.15, 0.66; p = .002), and in the propensity‐matched cohorts, OR 0.38 (0.16, 0.91; p = .030). Metformin was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in hospital admission for COVID‐19 in the overall cohort, OR 0.78 (0.58–1.04, p = .087). Among the subgroup with a hemoglobin HbA1c available (n = 1193), the adjusted odds of hospitalization (including adjustment for HbA1c) for metformin users was OR 0.75 (0.53–1.06, p = .105). Outpatient metformin use was associated with lower mortality and a trend towards decreased admission for COVID‐19. Given metformin's low cost, established safety, and the mounting evidence of reduced severity of COVID‐19 disease, metformin should be prospectively assessed for outpatient treatment of COVID‐19.
Three‐phase adaptive differential evolution for antenna array synthesis
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Jiang Fan , Chen Hongcai , Cheng Qingsha S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAntenna array synthesis is a complex nonlinear optimization problem. Differential evolution (DE) is an efficient method to solve the problem of antenna array synthesis. Different mutation strategies applied in different evolutionary phases can improve the search ability of DE. In this paper, a three‐phase adaptive differential evolution (TADE) algorithm is proposed for antenna array synthesis problems. In TADE, the evolution process is divided into three phases according to the population fitness distribution and iterative information, namely, the initial phase, the stable phase, and the precise phase. Based on statistical information of population fitness values, a suitable mutation strategy of each phase is designed for enhancing the optimization performance. The performance of the TADE algorithm is verified by a CEC 2013 test suite, three circular antenna array problems, and a planar antenna array problem. The results show that the TADE algorithm achieves better performance in solving antenna array synthesis than several advanced DE variants and some non‐DE global optimization algorithms.
Coastal curios? An analysis of ex situ beach finds for mapping new Palaeolithic sites at Happisburgh, UK
Authors: Bynoe Rachel , Ashton Nick M. , Grimmer Tim , Hoare Peter , Leonard Joanne , Lewis Simon G. , Nicholas Darren , Parfitt Simon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent archaeological discoveries from exposures of the Cromer Forest‐bed Formation at Happisburgh, UK, have radically changed interpretations of the nature and timing of early hominin occupation of northern latitudes, but this in situ archaeology is only one part of the picture. Surface finds of Pleistocene mammalian remains have been found along this coastline for centuries, with stone tools adding to this record over the past 7 years. The ex situ nature of these finds, however, means they are often seen as limited in the information they can provide. This work contributes to a growing body of research from a range of landscape and environmental contexts that seeks to demonstrate the value and importance of these ex situ assemblages. Here the focus is on Palaeolithic flint artefacts and Pleistocene mammalian remains recovered by a group of local collectors through systematic, GPS‐recorded beach collection from 2013 to 2017, and their use in developing a methodology for working with ex situ Palaeolithic finds in coastal locations. The results demonstrate significant patterning that identifies unexplored exposures both onshore and offshore, considerably expanding the known extent of deposits and facilitating new insights into the wider archaeological landscape associated with the earliest occupation of northern Europe.
Fragrance addition improves visitation by honeybees and fruit quality in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)
Authors: Meroi Arcerito Facundo R , De Feudis Leonardo L , Amarilla Leonardo D , Galetto Leonardo , Mitton Giulia , Fernández Natalia , Szawarski Nicolás , Corti Camila , Olivera Eugenia , Iglesias Azucena , Gende Liesel , Damiani Natalia , Eguaras Martín , Maggi Matías 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDKiwifruit is an important horticultural crop all over the world and its development is important in Argentina. This dioecious crop has a short blooming period with nectarless flowers, and its fruit production depends on cross‐pollination. Here, we tested whether kiwifruit quality increases by using honeybees exposed to female flowers treated with an artificial fragrance. The three experimental treatments were: A, sprinkled female flowers with 1:1 sugar syrup + Lavandula hybrida extract solution (a new attractant substance especially developed for this study named Lavandin Grosso); B, sprinkled female flowers with 1:1 water + sugar syrup (female flowers with additional sugar syrup reward); C (control; female flowers exposed to honeybees).RESULTSThe results showed a higher number of visits of honeybees to the female flowers sprinkled with the attractant substance, Lavandin Grosso, as well as higher fruit quality (weight, number of seeds, regularity in fruit size).CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrates the potential of fragrance‐treated flowers to improve yield production in kiwifruit. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
A Prospective Study of Mental Health During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Childhood Trauma–Exposed Individuals: Social Support Matters
Authors: Seitz Katja I. , Bertsch Katja , Herpertz Sabine C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and its unprecedented social restrictions may have serious mental health implications, especially in individuals who have experienced childhood traumatic experiences (CTEs). This prospective study aimed to investigate whether general psychopathology and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity increased during the pandemic as compared to prepandemic baseline data collected approximately 1 year earlier. Furthermore, we investigated whether an increase in symptomatology was linked to CTEs and mediated by a lack of perceived social support and fear of COVID‐19. An online survey was administered to 85 individuals, including both participants with PTSD, major depression, or somatic symptom disorder (n = 63) and healthy volunteers (n = 22), during a period of the most severe social restrictions in Germany. The survey included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Brief Symptom Inventory, PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5, ENRICHD Social Support Inventory, and Fear of COVID‐19 Scale. In the whole sample, we found significant increases in general psychopathology and PTSD symptom severity, ω2 = .07–.08, during as compared to before the COVID‐19 pandemic, with CTEs predicting increased PTSD symptom severity, β = .245, p = .042. This effect was mediated by a lack of perceived social support, indirect effect = .101, 95% CI [.013, .209], but not fear of COVID‐19, indirect effect = .060, 95% CI [−.035, .167]. These findings emphasize the importance of interventions that promote social inclusion to mitigate the potentially detrimental effects of public health actions implemented against the COVID‐19 pandemic in individuals with CTEs.
Trends in Operative Complex Middle and Upper Maxillofacial Trauma: A 17‐Year Study
Authors: Su Peiyi , Paquet Christian , O'Dell Karla , Reinstadler David , Kokot Niels , Granzow Jay , Chambers Tamara N. , Kochhar Amit 
Published: February 2021

Objectives/HypothesisOver 3 million incidents of facial trauma occur each year in the United States. This study aims to determine trends in operative middle and upper maxillofacial trauma in one of the largest US cities.Study DesignRetrospective case‐control study.MethodsRetrospective chart review of all operative middle and upper maxillofacial trauma from July 1993 to July 2010 presenting to Los Angeles County Hospital, a Level I Trauma Center. Data included demographics, mechanism of injury, and fracture characteristics.ResultsAnalysis was performed for a total of 4,299 patients and 5,549 facial fractures. Mean patient age was 34.6, and most patients were male (88%). Between the two time periods (1993–2001 and 2002–2010), there was a 42% reduction in operative maxillofacial trauma (3,510 to 2,039). Orbital floor and zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures were the most prevalent types of fractures. Panfacial fractures demonstrated the largest reduction in number of fractures (325 to 5, P<0.01). Assault and motor vehicle accidents (MVA) were the two most common mechanisms of injury. Operative fractures due to MVAs decreased (390 to 214, P = .74), whereas fractures due to assault increased (749 to 800, P<0.01). Compared to adults, pediatric facial trauma (age < 18) were caused by a higher percentage of MVAs (27% vs. 13%), auto versus pedestrian (9% vs. 5%), and gunshot wounds (8% vs. 4%) (P<0.01).ConclusionsOperative middle and upper maxillofacial trauma decreased over a 17‐year period. Assault was the most significant mechanism of trauma overall. These trends suggest that focusing future prevention strategies on curtailing interpersonal violence may more effectively address the burden of facial trauma.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:1985–1989, 2021
Outcomes After Tympanic Membrane Perforation During Primary Stapes Surgery for Otosclerosis
Authors: Luryi Alexander L. , Schettino Amy , Michaelides Elias M. , Babu Seilesh , Bojrab Dennis I. , Schutt Christopher A. 
Published: February 2021

Objective/HypothesisStapes surgery is occasionally complicated by an intraoperative tympanic membrane perforation (ITMP), traditionally indicating abortion of the procedure due to concerns for postoperative infection and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This work examines outcomes and complications in completed primary stapes surgeries with and without ITMP.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with otosclerosis between February 2008 and September 2017 at a tertiary otology referral center were reviewed retrospectively. Primary outcome measures were post‐operative air‐bone gap (ABG), air conduction and bone conduction pure tone averages, and post‐operative complications.ResultsReview revealed 652 primary stapes operations meeting inclusion criteria, of which ITMP occurred in 10. There were no significant differences in pre‐operative hearing metrics or demographic characteristics between ears with and without ITMP. There were also no significant differences in post‐operative ABG (6.4 vs. 8.0 dB HL, P = .43) or change in ABG after surgery (−21.6 vs. −18.2 dB, P = .34) between these two groups. Patients with ITMP were more likely to complain of post‐operative dysgeusia (30.0% vs. 5.3%, P = .015) but were no more likely to develop reparative granuloma, otitis media, or SNHL (P > .05).ConclusionsThe first review of ITMP and hearing outcomes after stapes surgery is presented. Our findings suggest that it is likely safe and appropriate to proceed with primary stapes surgery and concurrent tympanoplasty in the presence of a small ITMP with minimal risk of infection, SNHL, or worsened hearing outcomes.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2026–E2030, 2021
Microemulsion‐Based Gels for Lipase‐Catalyzed Ester Synthesis in Organic Solvents
Authors: Catauro Michelina , Fiorentino Marika , D'Angelo Antonio , Dell'Anna Maria Michela , Mastrorilli Piero 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMicroemulsions are clear, stable, isotropic mixtures of oil, water, and surfactant, frequently in combination with a cosurfactant. These systems are currently of interest to the pharmaceutical scientist because of their considerable potential to act as drug delivery vehicles by incorporating a wide range of drug molecules. The purpose of this work is to solubilize in AOT [sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulphosuccinate] water‐in‐oil microemulsions at two different R‐values the Chromobacterium viscosum (CV) lipase and lipoprotein lipase ex Pseudomonas and to use them to catalyze the lactonization of 16‐hydroxyhexadecanoic acid at 40°C. CV lipase is also immobilized in gelatin‐containing microemulsion‐based gels (MBGs) with retention of catalytic activity. These lipase‐containing MBGs proved to be novel solid‐phase catalysts for use in apolar organic solvents. CV lipase‐containing MBGs are used to synthesize, on a preparative scale, a variety of different esters under mild conditions.
Physicochemical Properties of PEG‐Based Inorganic Hybrids Obtained via Sol‐Gel
Authors: Mustarelli Piercarlo , Piccolella Simona , Ferrara Chiara , Catauro Michelina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic composites can be conveniently obtained by sol‐gel recipes. They can find interesting applications in several fields, including drug delivery, scaffolding, bio‐sensing, energetics, etc. Herein, we reconsider and reinvestigate our previous work in the field, by considering the sol‐gel synthesis and physicochemical characterization of class‐I organic‐inorganic hybrids, and by trying to highlight some unifying elements that can be of help for the development of more efficient and precise synthesis methods. Systems based on poly(ethylene glycol) with SiO2 and ZrO2 as the ceramic phase will be discussed.Emphasis will be put on the role played by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy in unveiling the interactions at the base of hybrid formation.
Cytokines and Gaucher Biomarkers in Glucocerebrosidase Carriers with and Without Parkinson Disease
Authors: Galper Jasmin , Balwani Manisha , Fahn Stanley , Waters Cheryl , Krohn Lynne , Gan‐Or Ziv , Dzamko Nicolas , Alcalay Roy N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundHomozygous and compound heterozygous variants in glucocerebrosidase (GBA) can cause Gaucher disease (GD), whereas heterozygous variants increase the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). GD patients display altered peripheral immune proteins. However, it is unknown if these are altered in GBA carriers with PD.ObjectivesTo determine whether plasma cytokines and immune biomarkers associated with GD are also altered in GBA carriers with or without PD.MethodsInflammatory cytokines and established GD biomarkers, ferritin, CD162, CCL18, and chitotriosidase (28 biomarkers) were measured in GBA pathogenic variant carriers with (n = 135) and without (n = 83) PD, and non‐carriers with (n = 75) and without PD (n = 77).ResultsPD patients with biallelic pathogenic variants in GBA had elevated plasma levels of ferritin, CCL18, and MIP1α. These biomarkers were not elevated in heterozygous GBA carriers.ConclusionGD plasma biomarkers are not promising candidates for stratifying the risk for PD in carriers of heterozygous GBA pathogenic variants. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Accuracy improvement for multimetal analysis by laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy with least squares support vector machine
Authors: Che Changjin , Lin Xiaomei , Gao Xun , Lin Jingjun , Sun Haoran , Huang Yutao , Tao Siyu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn efficient method has been developed to analyze metal species by using laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) was applied to quantitative analysis of multimetal samples with different matrix content, as LSSVM can select the input variables and convert the mapping to the feature space to obtain the linear performance. In this work, three kinds of metal species (alloy steel, ferrochromium alloy, and ferromanganese alloy) were used to construct the LSSVM model. The correlation coefficients (R2), the root‐mean‐square error of prediction (RMSEP), and the average relative error (ARE) were calculated according to the estimated concentrations of chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), and molubdenum (Mo) using the LSSVM model. The results showed that RMSEP decreased from 1.7047%, 1.3453%, 1.9253%, and 2.9431% to 0.0747%, 0.0942%, 0.0192%, and 0.0809%. The ARE of Cr, Mn, Ti, and Mo decreased from 10.2370, 9.8276%, 13.2460%, and 16.2386% to 1.0179%, 1.3937%, 2.1228%, and 1.6257%, respectively. This study demonstrated that LSSVM is an effective algorithm to improve both the accuracy and stability for metal analysis using LIBS.