bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifting probation culture and advancing juvenile probation reform through a community‐based, participatory action research‐informed training
Authors: Brogan Leah , McPhee Jeanne , Gale‐Bentz Elizabeth , Rudd Brittany , Goldstein Naomi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany jurisdictions are currently transforming their juvenile probation systems to reflect research‐informed, developmentally based case management approaches. Training, developed through a community‐based, participatory action research (CBPAR) framework and guided by a community–academic partnership, may promote probation staff's readiness for such change. This paper examined whether such training could serve as an effective method to impact organizational culture by exploring shifts in probation staff's knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about graduated response – a structured juvenile probation case management system that aligns with research on adolescent development and youth behavior change. Data came from 559 juvenile probation staff trained in graduated response theory and practice between 2016 and 2019. Results demonstrated that at the end of a 1‐day, CBPAR‐grounded training program, participating staff reported significantly more buy‐in to graduated response, greater knowledge of this new system, and attitudes more strongly in favor of graduated response and intended behaviors. Study findings revealed important shifts indicative of readiness for change within juvenile probation departments. Additional implementation strategies are needed to extend training gains and overcome organizational‐ and system‐level barriers to change.
A poroelastic immersed finite element framework for modelling cardiac perfusion and fluid–structure interaction
Authors: Richardson Scott I. Heath , Gao Hao , Cox Jennifer , Janiczek Rob , Griffith Boyce E. , Berry Colin , Luo Xiaoyu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractModern approaches to modelling cardiac perfusion now commonly describe the myocardium using the framework of poroelasticity. Cardiac tissue can be described as a saturated porous medium composed of the pore fluid (blood) and the skeleton (myocytes and collagen scaffold). In previous studies fluid–structure interaction in the heart has been treated in a variety of ways, but in most cases, the myocardium is assumed to be a hyperelastic fibre‐reinforced material. Conversely, models that treat the myocardium as a poroelastic material typically neglect interactions between the myocardium and intracardiac blood flow. This work presents a poroelastic immersed finite element framework to model left ventricular dynamics in a three‐phase poroelastic system composed of the pore blood fluid, the skeleton, and the chamber fluid. We benchmark our approach by examining a pair of prototypical poroelastic formations using a simple cubic geometry considered in the prior work by Chapelle et al (2010). This cubic model also enables us to compare the differences between system behaviour when using isotropic and anisotropic material models for the skeleton. With this framework, we also simulate the poroelastic dynamics of a three‐dimensional left ventricle, in which the myocardium is described by the Holzapfel–Ogden law. Results obtained using the poroelastic model are compared to those of a corresponding hyperelastic model studied previously. We find that the poroelastic LV behaves differently from the hyperelastic LV model. For example, accounting for perfusion results in a smaller diastolic chamber volume, agreeing well with the well‐known wall‐stiffening effect under perfusion reported previously. Meanwhile differences in systolic function, such as fibre strain in the basal and middle ventricle, are found to be comparatively minor.
Plasmon‐Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Beyond 21 %: The Asynchronous Synergistic Effect of Water and Gold Nanorods
Authors: Gao Yifeng , Zhang Jiaoxia , Zhang Zhihao , Li Zicheng , Xiong Qiu , Deng Longhui , Zhou Qin , Meng Lingyi , Du Yitian , Zuo Tao , Yu Yaming , Lan Zhang , Gao Peng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough perovskite films have excellent extinction coefficients, further increase of the light‐absorbing capacity by increasing the thickness of the active layer is always required in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, to maintain the morphology quality of the perovskite layer, the film thickness is subject to certain restrictions. To increase the light absorbance without significantly inflating the perovskite film while keeping the high quality of the perovskite film, herein, we added an aqueous solution of gold nanorods (AuNRs) to the perovskite precursor solution via a so‐called asynchronous synergistic effect (ASE) strategy of water and AuNR. The former improves the quality of the perovskite film during the crystallization process to reduce defect density and enhance carrier mobility. Simultaneously, the latter increases the light absorption of the perovskite layer through the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect when the device is exposed to light. We show that the ASE strategy leads to an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.73 % and outstanding long‐term stability, which can retain 95 % of its initial PCE after storage for three months in an air atmosphere.
Using Monochlorobimane to Visualize Glutathione Utilization in the Developing Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo
Authors: Rastogi Archit , Timme‐Laragy Alicia R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlutathione (GSH) plays fundamental roles in cellular redox buffering and is a common detoxification pathway for excretion of xenobiotics. This is especially crucial during vertebrate embryogenesis, when an organism is at one of its most vulnerable life stages. Importantly, GSH content and redox potential can dictate cell fate decisions, which can have profound consequences if altered by early life xenobiotic exposures. Owing to technical limitations, the best available method to detect and quantify changes in GSH has been high‐pressure liquid chromatography, a terminal method that prevents suborganism‐level resolution of these changes in developing embryos. Here, we describe a protocol that leverages the transparent nature of zebrafish embryos and the compatibility of monochlorobimane with the zebrafish GSH‐S‐transferase enzymes, to allow for the visualization of changes in GSH via S‐glutathionylation in a live, developing embryo. This method can find broad application in developmental biology and toxicology. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 19 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.
Relationships between educational achievement, intelligence, and perfectionism in adolescents with eating disorders
Authors: Schilder Christina M. T. , Sternheim Lot C. , Aarts Emmeke , van Elburg Annemarie A. , Danner Unna N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveHigh performance at school is associated with the risk of eating disorders (EDs), and perfectionism is proposed as an explanatory factor for this association. This study aims to evaluate (a) potential discrepancies between the measured IQ of adolescents with EDs and the IQ that is expected given their educational track, and (b) to what extent perfectionism was associated with educational achievement independent from IQ.MethodWISC‐III Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, and Full Scale IQ of 386 adolescent ED patients were compared with population norms for their educational track, using one‐sample t tests. The association between self‐oriented perfectionism (Eating Disorder Inventory‐2) and educational achievement, adjusted for IQ, was determined with sequential ordinal regression analyses.ResultsOver 50% of the patients received pre‐university education, the most complex educational track. For patients receiving education in the second most complex track, IQ‐scores were lower than normative data for that track. For patients receiving pre‐university education, the verbal IQ was lower than the norm for that track. Self‐oriented perfectionism was associated with educational achievement independent from intelligence.DiscussionThis study suggests that high educational achievement is common in adolescents with EDs. Particularly for patients who receive education in the most complex tracks the demands at school may be higher than they can handle, based on their IQ. Self‐oriented perfectionism contributed to educational achievement independent from IQ. Our results indicate that treatment for EDs should include awareness for the possibility of a too high target level of patients at school and perfectionism.
Trait–density relationships explain performance in cladoceran zooplankton
Authors: Frances Dachin N. , Barber Amelia J. , Tucker Caroline M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTraits have been used extensively to predict and understand performance in response to the abiotic environment, but their role for understanding competitive interactions is less understood, especially in nonplant systems. In this study, we evaluate how traits interact with intraspecific density to modulate performance (per capita birth rate) and whether the traits associated with intraspecific competitive ability are similar across multiple species. We used an experimental system of four cladoceran zooplankton species, experimentally manipulated the density of conspecifics, and measured a range of morphological and life history characteristics (body mass, body length, second antenna length, eye diameter, relative growth rate, age at first reproduction, and birth rate). With causal modeling, we identified significant trait–density relationships for three out of four species, although the specific traits that predicted birth rate varied from species to species. In general, individuals at higher densities displayed smaller morphological traits and shifts towards slower relative growth rates and delayed onset of reproduction. We also asked more generally if there are consistent trait‐mediated impacts of density across multiple species. The interspecific model identified significant trait–density relationships for body length, age at first reproduction, and relative growth rate. Unexpectedly, we found little evidence for trait‐based competition due to mechanisms such as limiting similarity or hierarchical competition, and rather noted the potential for trait plasticity and constraints on plasticity affecting performance in response to the competitive environment.
One‐year results of the first‐in‐man study investigating the Atrial Flow Regulator for left atrial shunting in symptomatic heart failure patients: the PRELIEVE study
Authors: Paitazoglou Christina , Bergmann Martin W. , Özdemir Ramazan , Pfister Roman , Bartunek Jozef , Kilic Teoman , Lauten Alexander , Schmeisser Alexander , Zoghi Mehdi , Anker Stefan D. , Sievert Horst , Mahfoud Felix ,   AFR‐PRELIEVE Investigators
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsAttenuating exercise‐induced elevated left atrial pressure with an atrial shunt device is under clinical investigation for treatment of symptomatic heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsPRELIEVE was a prospective, non‐randomised, multicentre, first‐in‐man study in symptomatic HF patients with reduced (HFrEF) or preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) ≥15 mmHg at rest or ≥25 mmHg during exercise. Here, we provide follow‐up data up to 1 year after implantation of the Atrial Flow Regulator (AFR) device. The AFR was successfully implanted in 53 patients (HFrEF n = 24 and HFpEF n = 29). Two patients were not enrolled due to an unsuccessful transseptal puncture. There was one device embolisation into the left atrium, which required surgical removal. One patient experienced a serious procedure‐related adverse event (post‐procedural bleeding and syncope). All patients with sufficient echocardiography readout confirmed device patency with left–right shunt both at 3 (n = 47/51, 92%) and 12 (n = 45/49, 92%) months. At 3 months, rest PCWP decreased by 5 (−12, 0) mmHg (P = 0.0003, median Q1, Q3). No patient developed a stroke, worsening of right heart function or significant increase of pulmonary artery pressure. Six (6/53, 11%) patients were hospitalised for worsening of HF and three (3/53, 6%) patients died. We observed improvements in New York Heart Association functional class, 6‐min walking distance and quality of life (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire) in certain patients.ConclusionsImplantation of the AFR device in HF patients was feasible. No shunt occlusion, stroke or new right HF was observed during the 1‐year follow‐up, with clinical improvements in certain patients.
Epidemics and trust: The case of the Spanish Flu
Authors: Aassve Arnstein , Alfani Guido , Gandolfi Francesco , Le Moglie Marco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent studies argue that major crises can have long‐lasting effects on individual behavior. While most studies focused on natural disasters, we explore the consequences of the global pandemic caused by a lethal influenza virus in 1918–19: the so‐called “Spanish Flu.” This was by far the worst pandemic of modern history, causing up to 100 million deaths worldwide. Using information about attitudes of respondents to the General Social Survey, we find evidence that experiencing the pandemic likely had permanent consequences in terms of individuals' social trust. Our findings suggest that lower social trust was passed on to the descendants of the survivors of the Spanish Flu who migrated to the United States. As trust is a crucial factor for long‐term economic development, our research offers a new angle from which to assess current health threats.
Rings and Chains: Synthesis and Characterization of Polyferrocenylmethylene
Authors: Winter Tamara , Haider Wasim , Schießer Alexander , Presser Volker , Gallei Markus , Schäfer André 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of polyferrocenylmethylene (PFM) starting from dilithium 2,2‐bis(cyclopentadienide)propane and a Me2C[1]magnesocenophane is reported. Molecular weights of up to Mw = 11 700 g mol–1 featuring a dispersity, Ð, of 1.40 can be achieved. The material is studied by different methods comprising nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI‐ToF) mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements elucidating the molecular structure and thermal properties of these novel polymers. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry (CV) reveals quasi‐reversible oxidation and reduction behavior and communication between the iron centers. Also, the crystal structure of a related cyclic hexamer is presented.
The impact of guilt and shame in charity advertising: The role of self‐construal
Authors: Xu Jie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFollowing the cognitive functional model in persuasive communication and the self‐construal theory, this two‐study design project examines the impact of guilt and shame in charity advertising. Study 1 was a survey that investigated the extent to which anticipatory guilt and shame operate in affecting people's purchase intention relating to a product with social causes. Study 2 was an experiment that examined the impact of guilt versus shame appeals in processing charity advertising messages. The role of self‐construal was examined in both studies. Results indicated that both the anticipatory guilt and ad‐induced guilt were positively connected with behavioral intentions. People with higher interdependent self‐construal were more prone to charitable behaviors. The anticipatory shame was positively connected with behavioral intention, whereas the ad‐induced shame was not. In addition, self‐construal negatively moderated the effect of shame, such that the impact of anticipatory shame and shame arousal on behavioral intentions were more pronounced among people with higher independent self‐construal.
Reductant‐Free and In‐Situ Green Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles on Fe3O4@Nanocellulose and Their Catalytic Activity for the Reduction of Dyes
Authors: Heidari Hannaneh , Aliramezani Fatemeh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, magnetic nanofibrillated cellulose (Fe3O4@NFC) was prepared and used as green support and reducing agent for the facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by the reflux and hydrothermal methods. The structure of the as‐prepared composites was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques including X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption isotherms. The catalytic activity of synthetic nanocomposites by the reflux (Fe3O4@NFC/Ag‐1) and hydrothermal (Fe3O4@NFC/Ag‐2) methods was investigated in the removal of organic dyes. Moreover, the effects of catalyst amounts, pH values, and drying process on the catalytic activity were also evaluated. The results indicated that the Ag loading and specific surface area of freeze‐dried Fe3O4@NFC/Ag‐1 were 1.8 wt % and 37 m2 g−1, respectively. The catalyst showed the saturation magnetization of 23.5 emu g−1 and could be easily separated and reused again. The freeze‐dried Fe3O4@NFC/Ag‐1 (0.02 g) synthesized by the reflux method in neutral conditions (pH=7) showed high catalytic activity for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP), methyl orange (MO), and methylene blue (MB) with rate constants of 40.7×10−3 s−1, 7.5×10−3 s−1, and 2.9×10−3 s−1, respectively.
Effect of Rice Husk Particle Size on ZSM‐5 Physico‐Chemical Properties for Selective Formation of 1,3,5‐Trimethyl‐2‐Benzylbenzene (Pharmaceutical Intermediate)
Authors: Ghuge Gorakh , Niphadkar Prashant , Rathod Simmy , Bokade Vijay V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRice husk, rich in silica and abundantly available as waste, is presently destroyed by burning, which creates environmental issues. Thus, it will be advantageous if this rice husk waste can be used for preparation of valuable products. One of the application is its use as silica source in the synthesis of zeolites like ZSM‐5, which are silico‐aluminates. Rice husk waste is available in wide range of particle sizes in agricultural farms. There is no study available in open literature on use of these wide particle ranges for its direct application. This paper is an attempt to use wide particle size rice husk, its effect on ZSM‐5 synthesis and its physico‐chemical properties. Further these prepared ZSM‐5 catalyst was evaluated for benzylation of mesitylene reaction. The study found that, rice husk of 600 μm particle size is optimum as far as ZSM‐5 synthesis, its physicochemical properties and further its application in mesitylene benzylation reaction.
CSSG: A cost‐sensitive stacked generalization approach for software defect prediction
Authors: Eivazpour Zeinab , Keyvanpour Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe prediction of software artifacts on defect‐prone (DP) or non‐defect‐prone (NDP) classes during the testing phase helps minimize software business costs, which is a classification task in software defect prediction (SDP) field. Machine learning methods are helpful for the task, although they face the challenge of data imbalance distribution. The challenge leads to serious misclassification of artifacts, which will disrupt the predictor's performance. The previously developed stacking ensemble methods do not consider the cost issue to handle the class imbalance problem (CIP) over the training dataset in the SDP field. To bridge this research gap, in the cost‐sensitive stacked generalization (CSSG) approach, we try to combine the staking ensemble learning method with cost‐sensitive learning (CSL) since the CSL purpose is to reduce misclassification costs. In the cost‐sensitive stacked generalization (CSSG) approach, logistic regression (LR) and extremely randomized trees classifiers in cases of CSL and cost‐insensitive are used as a final classifier of stacking scheme. To evaluate the performance of CSSG, we use six performance measures. Several experiments are carried out to compare the CSSG with some cost‐sensitive ensemble methods on 15 benchmark datasets with different imbalance levels. The results indicate that the CSSG can be an effective solution to the CIP than other compared methods.
Germ cell ribonucleoprotein granules in different clades of life: From insects to mammals
Authors: Mukherjee Nivedita , Mukherjee Chandrama 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRibonucleoprotein (RNP) granules are no newcomers in biology. Found in all life forms, ranging across taxa, these membrane‐less “organelles” have been classified into different categories based on their composition, structure, behavior, function, and localization. Broadly, they can be listed as stress granules (SGs), processing bodies (PBs), neuronal granules (NGs), and germ cell granules (GCGs). Keeping in line with the topic of this review, RNP granules present in the germ cells have been implicated in a wide range of cellular functions including cellular specification, differentiation, proliferation, and so forth. The mechanisms used by them can be diverse and many of them remain partly obscure and active areas of research. GCGs can be of different types in different organisms and at different stages of development, with multiple types coexisting in the same cell. In this review, the different known subcategories of GCGs have been studied with respect to five distinct model organisms, namely, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, Xenopus, Zebrafish, and mammals. Of them, the cytoplasmic polar granules in Drosophila, P granules in C. elegans, balbiani body in Xenopus and Zebrafish, and chromatoid bodies in mammals have been specifically emphasized upon. A descriptive account of the same has been provided along with insights into our current understanding of their functional significance with respect to cellular events relating to different developmental and reproductive processes.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein Complexes
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
The Influence of Social Capital on the Educational Attainment of Roma Persons: Evidence from a Qualitative Study in Romania
Authors: Baciu Elena-Loreni , Lazar Theofild-Andrei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs the largest ethnic minority in Europe, Roma persons are among the groups with the lowest levels of educational attainment. In Romania, the country with the highest number of Roma persons of all the EU Members States, the situation is even worse, each higher level of education revealing an increasing gap between Roma persons and the general population.Positioned within the framework of Social Capital theory, the current chapter explores the influences of micro- and mezzo-level social networks on educational attainment of Roma persons, trying to explain some of the mechanisms that perpetuate the gap between them and the general population, in terms of educational attainment.Drawing on a qualitative bottom-up study of Roma persons’ experiences of belonging in society, we analysed the interlocking influences of bonding and bridging social capital on the interviewees’ educational attainment. The results of the study point out that both forms of social capital have an important impact on the educational attainment of persons in vulnerable groups, although in different ways, and sometimes they can be mutually reinforcing, depending on the prevailing social arrangements, in either keeping the persons engaged in education, or drawing them away from their educational paths. The results also show that in circumstances of intersecting vulnerabilities, a noticeable imbalance between agency and structure is produced, which corrodes the foundational principles of equity and affects the equality of opportunities.