bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily operation of multi‐energy systems based on stochastic optimization considering prediction of renewable energy generation
Authors: Azizi Ali , Karimi Hamid , Jadid Shahram 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNowadays, the energy crisis is one of the most critical challenges facing countries. To deal with this crisis, instead of independently optimizing each of the energy carriers (electricity, gas, heat etc.), all carriers are considered simultaneously by a concept called multi‐energy system, which not only leads to economic benefits but also has environmental benefits. Here, a mixed‐integer linear programming model is proposed to minimize the total daily cost of a local multi‐energy system including the cost of energy exchange with the main grid, the cost of natural gas, and carbon emission costs. A polynomial neural network model is used to forecast the hourly wind speed and radiation of the next day. Also, a probabilistic scenario‐generation and scenario reduction method is utilized to generate the possible scenarios from the probability density function. The simulation results show that the proposed model using neural network prediction and stochastic optimization increases the total cost of the multi‐energy system by 12% in the worst‐case. Sensitivity analysis of loads, electricity prices, and gas prices have been used to investigate the behaviour of variables on energy hub operating costs.
Signatures of UV radiation in low-mass protostars
Authors: Mirocha Agnieszka , Karska Agata , Gronowski Marcin , Kristensen Lars E. , Tychoniec Łukasz , Harsono Daniel , Figueira Miguel , Gładkowski Marcin , Żółtowski Michał 
Published: September 2021

Context. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) influences the physics and chemistry of star-forming regions, but its properties and significance in the immediate surroundings of low-mass protostars are still poorly understood.
Aims. Our aim is to extend the use of the CN/HCN ratio, already established for high-mass protostars, to the low-mass regime to trace and characterize the UV field around low-mass protostars on ~0.6 × 0.6 pc scales.
Methods. We present 5′ × 5′ maps of the Serpens Main Cloud encompassing ten protostars observed with the EMIR receiver at the IRAM 30 m telescope in CN 1–0, HCN 1–0, CS 3–2, and some of their isotopologs. The radiative-transfer code RADEX and the chemical model Nahoon were used to determine column densities of molecules, gas temperature and density, and the UV field strength, G0.
Results. The spatial distribution of HCN and CS are closely correlated with CO 6–5 emission, that traces outflows. The CN emission is extended from the central protostars to their immediate surroundings also tracing outflows, likely as a product of HCN photodissociation. The ratio of CN to HCN total column densities ranges from ~1 to 12 corresponding to G0 ≈ 101–103 for gas densities and temperatures typical for outflows of low-mass protostars.
Conclusions. UV radiation associated with protostars and their outflows is indirectly identified in a significant part of the Serpens Main low-mass star-forming region. Its strength is consistent with the values obtained from the OH and H2O ratios observed with Herschel and compared with models of UV-illuminated shocks. From a chemical viewpoint, the CN to HCN ratio is an excellent tracer of UV fields around low- and intermediate-mass star-forming regions.
The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS)
Authors: Vulic N. , Hornschemeier A. E. , Haberl F. , Basu-Zych A. R. , Kyritsis E. , Zezas A. , Salvato M. , Ptak A. , Bogdan A. , Kovlakas K. , Wilms J. , Sasaki M. , Liu T. , Merloni A. , Dwelly T. , Brunner H. , Lamer G. , Maitra C. , Nandra K. , Santangelo A. 
Published: September 2021

Context.The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS), completed in survey mode during the calibration and performance verification phase of the eROSITA instrument on Spectrum Roentgen Gamma, delivers data at and beyond the final depth of the 4-yr eROSITA all-sky survey (eRASS:8),f0.5–2 keV= 1.1 × 10−14erg s−1cm−2, over 140 deg2. It provides the first view of normal galaxy X-ray emission from X-ray binaries (XRBs) and the hot interstellar medium at the full depth of eRASS:8.Aims.We used the Heraklion Extragalactic Catalogue (HECATE) of galaxies to correlate with eFEDS X-ray sources and identify X-ray detected normal galaxies. This flux-limited X-ray survey is relatively free from selection effects and enables the study of integrated normal galaxy X-ray emission and its relation to galaxy parameters such as the stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), and metallicity.Methods.We cross-correlated 32 646 eFEDS X-ray sources to 1181 HECATE normal galaxies and obtained 94 matches. We classified galaxies as star-forming, early-type, composite, and active galactic nuclei (AGN) using Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Six-degree Field (6dF) optical spectroscopy.Results.The eFEDS field harbours 37 normal galaxies: 36 late-type (star-forming) galaxies and one early-type galaxy. There are 1.9 times as many normal galaxies as predicted by scaling relations via simulations, with an overabundance of late-type galaxies and a dearth of early-type galaxies. When compared with empirical relations, eFEDS dwarf galaxies with a high specific SFR have elevatedLX/SFR at a fixed specific SFR and metallicity, indicating an increase in XRB emission due to low metallicity. We expect that eRASS:8 will detect 12 500 normal galaxies, the majority of which will be star-forming, with the caveat that there are unclassified sources in eFEDS and galaxy catalogue incompleteness issues that could increase the actual number of detected galaxies over these current estimates.Conclusions.eFEDS observations detected a rare population of galaxies – the metal-poor dwarf starbursts – that do not follow known scaling relations. eRASS is expected to discover significant numbers of these high-redshift analogues, which are important for studying the heating of the intergalactic medium at high redshift. Further investigation of the hot gas emission from normal galaxies and stochastic effects in the dwarf galaxy population are required to constrain their X-ray output.
Collapse of turbulent massive cores with ambipolar diffusion and hybrid radiative transfer
Authors: Mignon-Risse R. , González M. , Commerçon B. 
Published: September 2021

Context. Most massive protostars exhibit bipolar outflows. Nonetheless, there is no consensus regarding the mechanism at the origin of these outflows, nor on the cause of the less-frequently observed monopolar outflows.
Aims. We aim to identify the origin of early massive protostellar outflows, focusing on the combined effects of radiative transfer and magnetic fields in a turbulent medium.
Methods. We use four state-of-the-art radiation-magnetohydrodynamical simulations following the collapse of massive 100 M⊙ pre-stellar cores with the RAMSES code. Turbulence is taken into account via initial velocity dispersion. We use a hybrid radiative transfer method and include ambipolar diffusion.
Results. Turbulence delays the launching of outflows, which appear to be mainly driven by magnetohydrodynamical processes. We study both the magnetic tower flow and the magneto-centrifugal acceleration as possible origins. Both contribute to the acceleration and the former operates on larger volumes than the latter. Our finest resolution, 5 AU, does not allow us to get converged results on magneto-centrifugally accelerated outflows. Radiative acceleration takes place as well, dominates in the star vicinity, enlarges the outflow extent, and has no negative impact on the launching of magnetic outflows (up to M ~17 M⊙, L ~ 105 L⊙). We observe mass outflow rates of 10−5−10−4 M⊙ yr−1 and momentum rates of the order ~10−4 M⊙ km s−1 yr−1. The associated opening angles (20−30deg when magnetic fields dominate) are in a range between observed values for wide-angle outflows and collimated outflows. If confirmed with a finer numerical resolution at the outflow interface, this suggests additional (de-)collimating effects. Outflows are launched nearly perpendicular to the disk and are misaligned with the initial core-scale magnetic fields, in agreement with several observational studies. In the most turbulent run, the outflow is monopolar.
Conclusions. Magnetic processes are dominant over radiative ones in the acceleration of massive protostellar outflows of up to ~17 M⊙. Turbulence perturbs the outflow launching and is a possible explanation for monopolar outflows.
Characteristics of the Thrombus Formation in Transgenic Mice with Platelet-Targeted Factor VIII Expression
Authors: Wang Yun , Mao Jianhua , Li Li , Xiao Bing , Ruan Zheng , Liu Yichen , Zhang Guowei , Wang Dawei , Mi Jian-Qing , Fang Chao , Xi Xiaodong , Shi Xiaofeng , Wang Jin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlatelet-targeted FVIII gene therapy can efficiently recover bleeding phenotype for hemophilia A (HA), yet characteristics of thrombus formation with this ectopic expression of factor VIII (FVIII) in platelets remain unclear. Here, we generated 2bF8trans mice restrictively expressing human B-domain–deleted FVIII (hBDD FVIII) in platelets on a hemophilic (FVIIInull) mice background. The results showed no statistical difference in clot strength and stability between wild-type (WT) and 2bF8trans mice, but with a prolonged reaction time (R-time), by thromboelastography. Fluid dynamics analysis showed that at the shear rates of 500 to 1,500 s−1, where physiological hemostasis often develops, the thrombi formed in 2bF8trans mice were more stable than those in FVIIInull mice, while at high pathological shear rates (2,500 s−1), mimicking atherosclerosis, thrombus size and fibrin deposition in 2bF8trans mice were less than those in WT mice. Thrombus morphology analysis showed that there was a locally concentrated deposition of fibrin in thrombus at the injured site and fibrin co-localized with activated platelets in 2bF8trans mice. Moreover, a higher ratio of fibrin to platelets was found in thrombus from 2bF8trans mice following laser-induced injury in cremaster arterioles, which might be the underlying mechanism of thrombus stability in 2bF8trans mice at physiological arterial circumstance. These observations suggest that specific morphological features of the thrombi might contribute to the efficacy and safety of platelet-targeted FVIII gene therapy for HA.
Shallow Placentation: A Distinct Category of Placental Lesions
Authors: Stanek Jerzy 
Published: September 2021

Objective Shallow placental implantation (SPI) features placental maldistribution of extravillous trophoblasts and includes excessive amount of extravillous trophoblasts, chorionic microcysts in the membranes and chorionic disc, and decidual clusters of multinucleate trophoblasts. The histological lesions were previously and individually reported in association with various clinical and placental abnormalities. This retrospective statistical analysis of a large placental database from high-risk pregnancy statistically compares placentas with and without a composite group of features of SPI.
Study Design Twenty-four independent abnormal clinical and 44 other than SPI placental phenotypes were compared between 4,930 placentas without (group 1) and 1,283 placentas with one or more histological features of SPI (composite SPI group; group 2). Placentas were received for pathology examination at a discretion of obstetricians. Placental lesion terminology was consistent with the Amsterdam criteria, with addition of other lesions described more recently.
Results Cases of group 2 featured statistically and significantly (p < 0.001after Bonferroni's correction) more common than group 1 on the following measures: gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, abnormal Dopplers, induction of labor, cesarean section, perinatal mortality, fetal growth restriction, stay in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), congenital malformation, deep meconium penetration, intravillous hemorrhage, villous infarction, membrane laminar necrosis, fetal blood erythroblastosis, decidual arteriopathy (hypertrophic and atherosis), chronic hypoxic injury (uterine and postuterine), intervillous thrombus, segmental and global fetal vascular malperfusion, various umbilical cord abnormalities, and basal plate myometrial fibers.
Conclusion SPI placentas were statistically and significantly associated with 48% abnormal independent clinical and 51% independent abnormal placental phenotypes such as acute and chronic hypoxic lesions, fetal vascular malperfusion, umbilical cord abnormalities, and basal plate myometrial fibers among others. Therefore, SPI should be regarded as a category of placental lesions related to maternal vascular malperfusion and the “Great Obstetrical Syndromes.”
Key Points
Management of Coincident Pituitary Macroadenoma and Cavernous Carotid Aneurysm: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Piper Keenan J. , Karsy Michael , Barton Blair , Rabinowitz Mindy , Rosen Marc R. , Nyquist Gurston G. , Evans James J. , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Farrell Christopher J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction Pituitary adenomas are a common intracranial pathology with an incidence of 15 to 20% in the population while cerebral aneurysms are less common with a prevalence of 1:50 patients. The incidence of aneurysms in patients with pituitary adenoma has been estimated at 2.3 to 5.4% of patients; however, this remains unclear. Equally, the management of concomitant lesions lacks significant understanding.
Methods A case report is presented of a concomitant cerebral aneurysm and pituitary adenoma managed by minimally invasive endovascular and endoscopic methods, respectively. A systematic review of the literature for terms “pituitary adenoma” and “aneurysm” yielded 494 studies that were narrowed to 19 relevant articles.
Results We report a case of a 67-year-old patient with an enlarging pituitary macroadenoma, cavernous carotid aneurysm, and unilateral carotid occlusion. After successful treatment of the aneurysm by a pipeline flow diverter, the pituitary adenoma was surgically resected by an endoscopic transsphenoidal approach.
Conclusion The use of a pipeline flow diverter and endonasal approach was feasible in the treatment of our patient. This is the first report to our knowledge of the use of pipeline flow diversion in the management of a cavernous carotid aneurysm prior to pituitary adenoma treatment.
Falx Cerebelli Meningioma: Case Report of a Rarely Occurring Tumor, Management Nuances, and Literature Review
Authors: Gallo Elizabeth , Brzezicki Grzegorz , Makary Raafat , Rahmathulla Gazanfar , Rao Dinesh , Tavanaiepour Daryoush 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe falx cerebelli is a small crescent fold of dura mater that is attached to the internal occipital crest and projects forward into the posterior cerebellar notch between the cerebellar hemispheres. We report a rare case of a 61-year-old female who presented with a 1-month history of headache and gait instability. Imaging findings were suggestive of a meningioma arising from the falx cerebelli. Complete surgical resection was achieved with a standard posterior fossa midline approach. Duraplasty was performed using animal allograft dura (Duraguard) and additional layers of oxidized cellulose preparation (Surgicel), fibrin sealant, and nonsuturable collagen matrix (Duragen) were utilized to reduce the risk of a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Pathology confirmed a World Health Organization (WHO) grade-I meningioma. Postoperatively, patient with asymptomatic thrombosis of the left transverse/sigmoid sinuses and later with a pseudomeningocele managed with a lumbar drain. To our knowledge, this is the second documented case in the literature. We discuss intraoperative nuances and unique aspects in the postoperative care and management of these patients.
The Bone Microarchitecture Deficit in Patients with Hemophilia Is Influenced by Arthropathy, Hepatitis C Infection, and Physical Activity
Authors: Holstein Katharina , Witt Leonora , Rolvien Tim , Langer Florian , Matysiak Anna , Schmidt Constantin , Barvencik Florian , Amling Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLow bone mineral density (BMD) is common in patients with hemophilia (PWHs). The aim of the present study was to describe BMD and microarchitecture in PWHs in Northern Germany and to determine factors contributing to possible skeletal alterations. Demographic characteristics, BMD and microarchitecture, bone metabolism markers, and orthopaedic joint score (OJS) were assessed during routine check-ups. Areal BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the hip and lumbar spine. Volumetric BMD and microarchitecture were quantified by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography at the distal radius and tibia. Eighty male PWHs (median age, 33 years; range, 18–77) were retrospectively analyzed, of whom 67 (84.0%) and 13 (16.0%) had hemophilia A and B, respectively. Fifty-four (68.0%), six (7.0%), and 20 (25.0%) patients had severe, moderate, or mild hemophilia, and 35 (44.0%) were hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive. DXA analysis revealed low BMD (Z-score ≤ − 2.0) in 27.5% of PWHs, and higher bone turnover values were associated with lower BMD. Bone microarchitecture was dominated by cortical deficits at the radius and trabecular deficits at the tibia. Cortical deficits at the radius were influenced by lower body mass index, low-grade inflammation, and treatment regimen (higher cortical thickness on primary prophylaxis). Trabecular alterations at the tibia were mainly associated with OJS and HCV status. A positive effect of self-reported sportive activity on BMD could be shown. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the site-specific microarchitectural deficit observed in PWHs is primarily negatively influenced by poor joint status, inflammation, HCV infection, and high bone turnover.
Carbon and nitrogen stocks and organic matter fractions in the topsoil of traditional and agrisilvicultural systems in the Southeast of Brazil
Authors: Frazão Leidivan Almeida , Cardoso Paulo Henrique Silveira , Almeida Neta Maria Nilfa , Mota Mauro Franco Castro , Almeida Luana Larissa de Souza , Ribeiro Juliana Martins , Bicalho Thais Ferreira , Feigl Brigitte Josefine 
Published: September 2021

The adoption of conservationist systems can improve the protection of soil organic matter (SOM) and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, we aimed to quantify the soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks, C content in the SOM fractions and microbial C (Cmic) in the topsoil of an Acrisol under traditional and agrisilvicultural systems in the Southeast of Brazil. The evaluated treatments were native vegetation of Cerrado (NV), pasture of Urochloa brizantha (PAST), monoculture of pigeon pea (MCP), and agrisilvicultural system (Eucalyptus + pigeon pea; AGS). Soil samples were collected at depths of 0–5, 5–10, and 10–20 cm to determine the soil C and N contents and stocks, C associated with granulometric and humic fractions of SOM, and soil Cmic. The C contents in AGS and MCP systems were similar to NV at 5–10 and 10–20 cm, and soil C stocks in AGS were similar to NV and higher than in PAST system at 0–20 cm. We found a higher percentage of protected C in the silt + clay fraction, and the AGS system contributed to an increase in this organomineral fraction at 10–20 cm soil depth. The C contents in the free light fraction (0–5 cm) and humin (5–10 and 10–20 cm) were also similar between AGS and NV, giving greater protection of SOM in both systems. For Cmic and microbial quotient values we found no differences among the evaluated systems. The results indicated that after conversion of NV to different land uses, the AGS system more effectively increased the C stocks in the topsoil and protected the SOM.
Cavitation controls droplet sizes in elastic media
Authors: Vidal-Henriquez Estefania , Zwicker David 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Biological cells use liquid-like droplets to partition their proteins spatially. These droplets are typically surrounded by an elastic matrix, like the cytoskeleton or chromatin, but how the matrix affects droplets is unclear. To elucidate this, we introduce a theoretical model describing experiments in a synthetic system. We show that regular arrangements of large droplets with controlled sizes coexist with droplets on the mesh size when the elastic matrix can break under stress. We thus demonstrate how elastic matrices can control droplets. Similar effects could play a role in biological cells, and our theory forms the basis for further investigations.
Understanding intervention in fansubbing’s participatory culture
Authors: Lu Siwen , Lu Sijing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The development of digital technology over the past two decades has made audiovisual products an indispensable way
of entertainment and witnessed the emergence of new sociocultural phenomena, including the rise of participatory culture and civic
engagement. Drawing on the Systemic Functional Linguistics-informed multimodality, this article compares some of the most distinct
practices in official subtitles and fansubs in the complex sociocultural context of China. The aim is to examine how fansubbers
manipulate semiotic resources to design highly innovative strategies and investigate how these interventionist practices maximize
their visibility and increase the film’s participation. The results show that Chinese fansubbers tend to produce subtitles in a
highly aesthetic, functional, and semiotically coherent way by breaking the conventions established by the professionals. This
tendency is not only a reflection of their resistance and dissatisfaction with the official subtitles under the state constraints
but also a manifestation of the rapidly developing participatory culture in this increasingly digitalized world.
An introduction to the special issue on “Language, Politics and Media: The Hong Kong protests”
Authors: Ming Liu , Wang Guofeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProtests and social movements have become part of Hong Kong’s local politics since the 1970s. However, protests against the proposed extradition bill in 2019‒20 turned out to be the most violent political mass movement in Hong Kong after its return to the People’s Republic of China in 1997. It not only drew wide international attention but also evoked another round of “news war” over Hong Kong (Lee et al. 2002). This special issue collects six articles which address the representations of the protests in Hong Kong by different parties on different media platforms. Adopting a critical discourse analysis approach, these studies examine discursive strategies employed in media representations of the protests and the ideologies and power struggles at play. It aims to present different perspectives towards the issue and shed light on the complex relations between language, media and politics in the representations of the Hong Kong protests.