bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the physical properties, composition and structure of soot particles
Authors: Likhanov V A , Lopatin O P , Yurlov A S , Terentiev A G , Andreev R V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A soot particle consisting of crystallites representing several parallel layers of densely packed hexagons with carbon atoms located at the vertices is considered. Such a crystallite structure is similar to a graphite crystal lattice, but less ordered with large distances between the layers, where individual layers can be arbitrarily rotated relative to each other and relative to their common normal. It is shown that the core of a particle with a high salt content of exhaust gases (EG) of a diesel internal combustion engine (DICE) is discharged more, which allows us to distinguish models of the structure of a spherical nanoscale particle.
Research aspects of modeling and automated process control photopolymerization
Authors: Chumbadze T T , Filippenko N V , Farzaliev E F , Livshits A V , Bychkovsky V S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the state of existing systems of predictable control of the polymerization process. It includes a literature and patent survey of the presented mathematical models of the processes that occur during chemical polymerization reactions and analyzes techniques of controlling the processes of designing, manufacturing, modeling and construction of automated control systems. A critical analysis of existing modeling and control systems is given. The most promising software complexes ready for use in the process of designing of materials and products from photopolymers with predetermined structural properties have been identified. The analysis of a standard technological process as an object of control, by the example of the presented algorithm of the functioning of a particular production unit, showed the possibility of improving the existing automated systems of its control. By this example the authors prove the possibility of constructing automated process control systems, as well as those of photopolymerization, which will stabilize physical and chemical processes when manufacturing products from photopolymers. At the end of the research it was made possible to determine the purpose and objectives of further research of the authors aimed at creating the following complex: a software for the development of materials with specified structural properties; development of mathematical tools for calculation and modeling of photopolymerization processes; construction of automated control systems for technological processes of manufacturing products from photopolymer structural materials.
Optimization of GEM-based detector readout electrode structure for SXR imaging of tokamak plasma
Authors: Malinowski K. , Chernyshova M. , Jabłoński S. , Casiragi I. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper presents an optimization of a readout structure of the GEM-based detector designed for X-ray imaging for DTT tokamak in the energy range of 2–15 keV. The readout electrode of approximately 100 cm2 surface is composed of hexagonal pixels connected in a way that allows reducing the actual number of signal pixels (electronics channels). At the same time, based on time coincidence analysis, it makes possible to unambiguously identify the position of the recorded X-ray photon. For the input spectrum, the Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) of the detector was calculated using the Geant4 program and the spatial distributions of electron avalanches at the readout electrode were simulated using the Garfield++ program. These were conducted for a given energy range of radiation and a statistical distribution consistent with the shape of the spectrum considering the DQE of the detector. As a result, the size of a single hexagonal pixel was proposed to capture the position of the recorded radiation quanta in an optimal and effective way.
Atmospheric neutrinos with the first detection units of KM3NeT/ARCA
Authors: Sinopoulou A. , Coniglione R. , Muller R. , Tzamariudaki E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The KM3NeT collaboration is constructing two deep-sea Cherenkov detectors in the Mediterranean Sea. The ARCA detector aims at TeV-PeV neutrino astronomy, while the ORCA detector is optimised for atmospheric neutrino oscillation studies at energies of a few GeV. In this contribution, an analysis of the data collected with the first deployed detection units of the ARCA detector is presented. A high-purity sample of atmospheric neutrinos is selected demonstrating the capability of the ARCA detector.
Application of strip electrode in single-gap RPC
Authors: Li Q. , Xie X. , Sun Y. , Ge J. , Xue Z. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) is widely used in High
Energy Physics experiments as trigger detector to take advantage of
its good time resolution and high efficiency. A conventional RPC
detector consists of one gas gap covered by graphite layers on both
side. The working voltage is applied on these layers and the charge
of avalanche dissipates through them. In this paper, a design which
removes the graphite layers and uses the readout strips as the
electrode is applied to simplify the structure of this
detector. This design eliminates the challenge of controlling the
uniformity of the graphite layer and simplifies the detector
structure.
Unprecedented decline in summertime surface ozone over eastern China in 2020 comparably attributable to anthropogenic emission reductions and meteorology
Authors: Yin Hao , Lu Xiao , Sun Youwen , Li Ke , Gao Meng , Zheng Bo , Liu Cheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
China’s nationwide monitoring network initiated in 2013 has witnessed continuous increases of urban summertime surface ozone to 2019 by about 5% year−1, among the fastest ozone trends in the recent decade reported in the Tropospheric ozone assessment report. Here we report that surface ozone levels averaged over cities in eastern China cities decrease by 5.5 ppbv in May–August 2020 compared to the 2019 levels, representing an unprecedented ozone reduction since 2013. We combine the high-resolution GEOS-Chem chemical model and the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning model to quantify the drivers of this reduction. We estimate that changes in anthropogenic emissions alone decrease ozone by 3.2 (2.9–3.6) ppbv (57% of the total 5.5 ppbv reduction) averaged over cities in eastern China and by 2.5 ∼ 3.2 ppbv in the three key city clusters for ozone mitigation. These reductions appear to be driven by decreases in anthropogenic emissions of both nitrogen oxides (NO
x
) and volatile organic compounds, likely reflecting the stringent emission control measures implemented by The Chinese Ministry of Environmental and Ecology in summer 2020, as supported by observed decline in tropospheric formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxides (NO2) from satellite and by bottom-up emission estimates. Comparable to the emission-driven ozone reduction, the wetter and cooler weather conditions in 2020 decrease ozone by 2.3 (1.9–2.6) ppbv (43%). Our analyses indicate that the current emission control strategies can be effective for ozone mitigation in China yet tracking future ozone changes is essential for further evaluation. Our study also reveals important potential to combine the mechanism-based, state-of-art atmospheric chemical models with machine learning model to improve the attribution of ozone drivers.
Discussion on Problems and operation and maintenance of distributed photovoltaic power stations in Tibet
Authors: Zhou Liqing , Pu Zewei , Liu Chengpeng , Wu Min 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Due to the vast area of Tibet, where farmers and herdsmen live scattered, and the construction sites of solar distributed photovoltaic power stations are relatively scattered, which makes the operation and maintenance of the system more difficult. At the same time, due to the lack of practical experience of technical personnel, even if there are problems in photovoltaic power stations, they can not get timely feedback and solution. Over time, many distributed photovoltaic power stations are forced to be abandoned because of no maintenance and repair. These phenomena also restrict the application of photovoltaic power in Tibet to a certain extent. Based on the field investigation of distributed photovoltaic power stations in Tibet, this paper finds out the common faults and existing problems of photovoltaic power stations, analyzes the causes of the failures, and puts forward suggestions for operation and maintenance. The purpose of this paper is to build a solar distributed photovoltaic power station with high reliability and easy maintenance in Tibet, so as to provide a certain scientific basis for the existing photovoltaic power station and the later construction of photovoltaic power station.
Detection Of Community Knowledge Level Of Economic, Ecological Benefits And Causes Of Damage To Mangrove Forest Ecosystems
Authors: Wahyuni E , Zulhafandi  , Hendris  , Jarin  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mangrove forests are natural resources in coastal areas that have an important role in terms of social, economic and ecological aspects. However, the utilization of the mangrove ecosystem makes it vulnerable to damage. This study aims to determine the level of public knowledge of the economic, ecological benefits and damage that happened to mangrove areas in Tarakan City. The scoring method was used to determine the total score or the total score of the respondents’ answers, which amount to 50 people. that the community’s knowledge of the economic benefits of mangrove forests was categorized as know for the benefits of mangroves as firewood, mangrove areas as a place for settlement, mangroves as a place to get fish and mangrove benefits as aquaculture areas with total scores of 226, 200, 232,230 respectively. However, the level of community knowledge about the benefits of mangroves as a medicinal ingredient obtained a total score of 164, which means the level of community knowledge was in the doubtful category. While the level of community knowledge of the ecological benefits of mangrove forests as coastline guards, sea wave barriers, sea wind protectors, and animal breeding sites were included in the category of “Know” with a total score of 228, 224, 234, 240 respectively, but the level of knowledge The community regarding the benefits of mangroves that can manage household waste was in the “doubtful” category with a total score of 128. The community was aware of the damage to mangrove forest ecosystems caused by garbage, logging / mangroves, expanding aquaculture, settlements and increasing population. with a total score of 234,232, 210,228 and 200 levels of knowledge, respectively, which are included in the “Know” category.
Environmental impact of tsipouro production by life cycle assessment
Authors: Tsarouhas P , Papachristos I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study of the environmental impact of agricultural products has significantly grown in recent years, as consumers now demand more information about the product’s footprint in the environment. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impact of the life cycle phases of tsipouro production, which is one of the traditional products of Greece produced mainly from viticulture. The environmental analysis was performed through the study of eutrophication, global warming, photochemical oxidation and acidification, using the life cycle assessment methodology. The system was studied through fifteen subsystems and a 250 ml bottle of tsipouro, which was the basis of the calculations, was defined as a functional unit. From the results it appears that the process of tsipouro production is the subsystem with the highest energy consumption and the grape cultivation the one with the highest water consumption. In environmental impact the subsystem with the highest contribution is the cultivation of grapes. Also the subsystems production/transportation and use of fertilizers, bottle production/transportation and the process of tsipouro production have a significant contribution. In addition, some literature-based solutions are suggested. Some of the solutions are the use of clearer energy sources, the use of biodiesel and alternative cultivation methods without synthetic fertilizers. The results of this research can be used by tsipouro or similar industries to minimize the environmental impact and focus on the phases that are most involved in it.
Emission performance of major ship classes: An estimation based on a new set of emission factors and realistic activity profile data
Authors: Grigoriadis Achilleas , Mamarikas Sokratis , Ntziachristos Leonidas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The maritime sector significantly contributes on the major environmental problems that humanity is being confronted with their consequences. The Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emitted from the sector, which are responsible for the global phenomenon of climate change, are estimated in 2,89% of total anthropogenic GHGs. Ships are also an important source of local air-quality degradation in coastal areas by emitting major quantities of pollutants such as Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Sulphur Oxides (SOx) and Particulate Matter (PM). The overall emitted quantities of the sector seem not to be equally allocated to the major ship classes (containers, dry and liquid bulk carriers, cruise ships, ro-ro ships etc.), even though the engine technologies that are being used in these classes are approximately the same (slow speed, medium speed, high speed diesel engines). A factor of differentiation among the ship types is the activity profile. Depending on the ship type, engines (main, auxiliary, boilers) present different power needs and therefore are being operated at different load points which among others are related with the sailing profile (cruising, maneuvering, hoteling), the cargo type and weight conditions (laden, ballast). In this context the target of the present paper is to evaluate the emission performance of the major ship classes. This evaluation is performed by using a new set of engine load-dependent Emission Factors for ships, which have been derived by a statistical analysis of emission rates found in literature, in combination with average activity profiles per ship type as these are found in dedicated shipping inventory databases and in literature. These activity data concern a global scale of consideration. Results aim to highlight the differences and similarities in the emission performance of ship types, enhancing the understanding of policy makers and ship operators, on the principle of tackling pollutants especially at ports, close to cities.
Smart air monitoring for indoor public spaces using mobile applications
Authors: Evagelopoulos V , Charisiou N , Evagelopoulos G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As people spend approximately 90% of their time indoors, monitoring the quality of indoor air is crucial in protecting public health. In recent years, technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing have introduced new measurement capabilities in a variety of environments. Low-cost sensor technology can significantly help in the field of air pollution monitoring, providing data on air quality levels and indoor air emissions. The work presented herein focuses on a cloud computing server able to analyse data in real time and present the results obtained with visual effects which illustrates the prevailing indoor air conditions, making data easier to understand and more interesting to the user. In addition, the server can alert mobile application users or facility managers when air quality is poor so that remedial action can be undertaken immediately.
Comparison of carbonyls emitted from conventional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products
Authors: Matsouki Niki , Konstantinidis Emmanouil , Tsipa Chara , Zervas Efthimios 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Conventional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) emit a wide number of chemical substances which are inhaled by the user. An extended bibliographic analysis of the available data concerning carbonyls identity and quantity in tobacco products gas emissions was performed. Published works in Scopus and Pubmed databases from 2010 until 2020, in English language, were used in order to collect the data, using specific keywords. The number of carbonyls detected in the emissions of conventional cigarettes’ is 43 (97 articles are included), 33 in e-cigs’ (70 articles included) and 62 in HTPs’ (50 articles included). Nineteen compounds are present in emissions of all three tobacco products. Their emitted concentration is generally higher in the case of conventional cigarettes compared to the other two products, except from 5-methylfurfural and methylglyoxal that had the higher concentrations in HTPs, plus benzaldehyde and formaldehyde that had higher concentrations in e-cigs. However, HTPs has the higher number of unique carbonyls emitted.
Life cycle benefits and challenges of large – scale green roof implementation in a mediterranean compact city: the case of Thessaloniki
Authors: Koroxenidis E , Theodosiou T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Green roof installation is considered to be an effective practice in restoring green spaces to high – density urban areas, in an effort to mitigate environmental problems that arise from their growing expansion. The present study attempts to further investigate this claim by assessing the environmental and economic life cycle benefits and challenges of two extensive green roof large – scale implementation scenarios (on existing or on well – insulated roofs) in the compact mediterranean city of Thessaloniki, Greece. In both scenarios green roofs provided energy savings (13-19%), greenhouse gas emissions (22-29%) and waste production (57-60%) reductions but also led to a significant increase in water consumption (279-291%), with performance being better in the latter case. They also accrued significant public economic benefits in both a low and high discount rate scenario, although they were not an efficient choice for private owners in the second one. These results seem to imply that green roofs could potentially be a viable urban green infrastructure solution, if their water use is minimized in a sustainable way and additional state incentives are considered.
The role of education on the enhancement of heritage awareness and sustainability of the built environment; learning from experts and students
Authors: Sakantamis K , Chatzidimitriou A , Kotsopoulos S , Doussi M , Paka A , Axarli K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the outcomes of Intellectual Output 2 (IO2) of the HERSUS research project. The scope of the survey was to create an argumentative and critically analysed report on the state of learning of sustainability and heritage in higher education. The study is based on the dissemination of two online questionnaires within the five HERSUS participating countries/institutions (Serbia, Italy, Cyprus, Greece and Spain). The first addresses experts in the fields of cultural heritage conservation and sustainable environmental design, occupied in academia, public administration, NGOs and the private sector. The second directs queries to students at master level studies, PhD researchers and recent alumni from academic institutions, in the five participating countries, regarding their experience from their study programs, their expectations and future prospects in the professional environment. The survey analysis was conducted independently for each country and comparisons derive from the review of the international summed outcome. The results of the survey conducted in Greece, are discussed here, reflecting the views of 10 experts and 120 students. The analysis reveals comparable results among responses, with similarity and variation between the views of experts and students. Common ground between the two groups of respondents is found for the establishment of further links between academic education and professional practice, interdisciplinarity in education, and the need for a more systematic correlation between concepts of sustainability and heritage.
Investigating the effect of summer night ventilation on the urban buildings’ thermal and energy performance using numerical approaches
Authors: Tsoka S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate by simulation means, the effect of different night ventilations rates on the thermal and energy performance of typical building units, located in dense urban areas in Thessaloniki, Greece, both under thermostatic control and free-floating conditions. The numerical assessment is conducted with the dynamic building energy performance simulation model EnergyPlus. A parametric analysis, involving 4 different air flow rates (i.e., 3 ACH, 5ACH, 10ACH, 15ACH) has been carried out for 8 typical building units, located in 4 different urban areas in the city of Thessaloniki, presenting different morphological characteristics. In all cases, single side ventilation has been considered rather than cross ventilation, to evaluate the less optimal, building configuration scenario. The obtained simulation results revealed the significant effect of night ventilation on improving the thermal and energy performance of all the examined building units. Still, the morphological characteristics of the case study areas in which the examined building units are located, also affected the obtained simulation results and the achieved cooling energy savings.
Designing [for] the future: Managing architectural parts through the principles of circular economy
Authors: Fatourou-Sipsi A , Symeonidou I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The environmental impact of the construction and demolition industry is enormous, therefore the management of architectural “waste” and the existing building volume became of crucial importance for the design of sustainable buildings and cities. Considering the principles of circular economy, two possible approaches emerge. The first concerns the existing architectural stock and its future use, not as a whole but as upcycled separate modules. The second is oriented towards the incorporation of future management of architectural parts in the design of new constructions, also known as design for disassembly (DfD). The research highlights the capabilities of each material and the potential ways of reusing it. In the case of design for disassembly, the connectivity of construction elements is of equal importance to the materiality of the projects. Moreover, the observations include the logistics of reuse in a new construction, the incorporation of a former architectural part, whose function sometimes differs from its role in the original building. In the existing residential fabric, upcycling emerges as a practice of creative reuse of building elements. Nonetheless, each case should be individually evaluated. Though these processes have not been yet used at a great extent, this theoretical framework is a reminder that the creation of a new building is not a permanent condition, but an aggregation of materials that temporarily serve a given purpose.