bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of high‐risk medications in patients enrolled in the Hospital Elder Life Program
Authors: Macias Tejada Jonny A. , Klumph Marianne , Heslin Kayla , Khan Ariba , Malone Michael L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the prevalence of newly prescribed antipsychotic/benzodiazepine medication, as well as 30‐day readmissions, among Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP)‐enrolled patients.DesignRetrospective case–control study.SettingHELP intervention took place in eight hospital units. The standard care group was selected from eight additional hospital units.ParticipantsHospitalized patients, aged 65 years and older, enrolled in HELP during between January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018 were included in the HELP cohort. Patients hospitalized in eight additional units during the same time frame were part of the standard care group.MeasurementsAntipsychotic/benzodiazepine medications were pulled from the electronic health record. History of chronic mental illnesses were classified by ICD10 codes. Basic descriptive statistics were used to analyze patient characteristics and comorbidities. Chi‐squared and t‐tests were performed to detect statistical differences as appropriate.ResultsThere were 1411 patients in the HELP group and 10,807 patients in the standard care group. The HELP group was likely to be older, female and to have a shorten length of stay (all p ≤ 0.02). Our study demonstrated that approximately 8.9% (n = 125) of patients enrolled in HELP received an order for antipsychotics during their hospital admission, while 31.5% (n = 3400) from the standard care group (p < 0.001). The difference in benzodiazepine prescription in patients enrolled in HELP was also less when comparing the two groups (22.8% HELP vs 25.6% standard care; p = 0.02).ConclusionsPatients enrolled in the HELP group were less likely to receive a prescription for antipsychotics or benzodiazepines. The majority of patients enrolled in HELP were discharged to a more independent environment (home or assisted living) and there was a relatively low 30‐day readmission rate among HELP patients.
Consumer resource integration in the subsistence marketplace: A comparative study of urban and rural consumers
Authors: Jayawickramarathna Wasana , Mulye Rajendra , Rahman Kaleel , Fry Tim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOngoing research on resource integration highlights the central role of resources and describes all social and economic actors, including consumers, as resource integrators who actively engaged in experiences. How consumers integrate their resources is particularly important in the subsistence marketplace, which operates in a limited resource setting. The objective of this study is to examine how subsistence consumers integrate resources in achieving their life satisfaction goals. Data was collected using a semi‐structured questionnaire from a sample of 244 urban and rural consumers in Sri Lanka. The results demonstrate that resource integration significantly influences the life satisfaction of subsistence marketplace consumers, although its influence is not uniform across the urban and rural sectors. While “operand” resources are found to have most influence, the low usage of “operant” resources suggests that there is underutilisation of skills, competencies and intangible resources involved in creating value in the subsistence marketplace. The study found substantial differences in the way urban and rural consumers integrate their resources. Contrary to previous research, consumer aspirations had minimal effect on life satisfaction goals of consumers. The study provides implications for marketers to identify the types of consumer resources owned by subsistence marketplace consumers and their usage in different sectors.
The Experience of 2 Independent Schools With In‐Person Learning During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Gillespie Darria L. , Meyers Lauren A. , Lachmann Michael , Redd Stephen C. , Zenilman Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn 2020, US schools closed due to SARS‐CoV‐2 but their role in transmission was unknown. In fall 2020, national guidance for reopening omitted testing or screening recommendations. We report the experience of 2 large independent K‐12 schools (School‐A and School‐B) that implemented an array of SARS‐CoV‐2 mitigation strategies that included periodic universal testing.METHODSSARS‐CoV‐2 was identified through periodic universal PCR testing, self‐reporting of tests conducted outside school, and contact tracing. Schools implemented behavioral and structural mitigation measures, including mandatory masks, classroom disinfecting, and social distancing.RESULTSOver the fall semester, School‐A identified 112 cases in 2320 students and staff; School‐B identified 25 cases (2.0%) in 1400 students and staff. Most cases were asymptomatic and none required hospitalization. Of 69 traceable introductions, 63 (91%) were not associated with school‐based transmission, 59 cases (54%) occurred in the 2 weeks post‐thanksgiving. In 6/7 clusters, clear noncompliance with mitigation protocols was found. The largest outbreak had 28 identified cases and was traced to an off‐campus party. There was no transmission from students to staff.CONCLUSIONSAlthough school‐age children can contract and transmit SARS‐CoV‐2, rates of COVID‐19 infection related to in‐person education were significantly lower than those in the surrounding community. However, social activities among students outside of school undermined those measures and should be discouraged, perhaps with behavioral contracts, to ensure the safety of school communities. In addition, introduction risks were highest following extended school breaks. These risks may be mitigated with voluntary quarantines and surveillance testing prior to reopening.
Breastfeeding patterns and effects of minimal supplementation on breastfeeding exclusivity and duration in term infants: A prospective sub‐study of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bond Diana M , Shand Antonia W , Gordon Adrienne , Bentley Jason P , Phipps Hala , Nassar Natasha 
Published: March 2021

AimDespite international recommendations, less than one‐third of Australian women exclusively breastfeed for 6 months. The aims of this study were to prospectively determine rates and factors associated with the type and duration of breastfeeding in the first year and examine the effect of minimal supplementation.MethodsWe conducted a sub‐study of a randomised controlled trial in Sydney, Australia, which included 635 women with uncomplicated term births who intended to breastfeed. Data were collected daily for 56 days, and then at 2, 6 and 12 months post‐partum.ResultsBreastfeeding outcomes were evaluated for 553 (87%), 480 (76%) and 392 (62%) women at 2, 6 and 12 months. Exclusive breastfeeding was 81% at 2 months and 8% at 6 months. Partial breastfeeding was 75% at 6 months and 54% at 12 months. Factors associated with breastfeeding cessation included caesarean birth, low milk supply, problems latching, increased time to breastfeed, use of formula >7 days in the first 2 months, return to work and early introduction of solids. Breast pain in the first week was associated with a 10% decrease in exclusive breastfeeding. Cracked nipples and no previous breastfeeding experience were associated with supplementation of ≤7 days but had no effect on long‐term breastfeeding duration.ConclusionsExclusive breastfeeding declined significantly between 2 and 6 months post‐partum. Early intervention and education to prolong breastfeeding duration should include strategies to manage breast pain and nipple damage to minimise prolonged supplementation. Consistent guidelines about introduction of complementary foods, improved maternity leave and workplace incentives could be effective in prolonging breastfeeding.
Sleep‐related monitoring on awakening mediates the relationship between insomnia‐related interpretive bias and insomnia symptoms using the insomnia ambiguity paradigm
Authors: Akram Umair , Bickle Eleanor , Howell Carley , Ozhan Vildan , Williamson Jessica , Du Rocher Andrew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA number of studies have examined and confirmed the presence of a sleep‐related interpretive bias amongst poor sleepers and individuals with insomnia using an insomnia ambiguity task. This study explored possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between interpretive bias and insomnia using the insomnia ambiguity task. More importantly, the possible mediating role of sleep‐associated monitoring, sleep preoccupation, sleep anticipatory anxiety and generalized anxiety was also examined. A total of N = 176 participants were stratified into normal sleepers and those displaying insomnia symptoms. Participants completed an online version of the insomnia ambiguity task and questionnaire measures pertaining to sleep and anxiety. Data concerning task response time and time of testing were also collected. Individuals in the insomnia symptom group presented significantly higher sleep‐related interpretive bias scores compared to normal sleepers. When sleepiness, sleep‐associated monitoring, sleep preoccupation, sleep anticipatory anxiety and generalized anxiety were controlled for, only monitoring on awakening predicted sleep‐related interpretive bias. Multiple mediation modelling demonstrated that sleep‐associated monitoring on awakening mediated the relationship between interpretive bias and insomnia symptoms. The current outcomes are consistent with previous research, supporting the notion that insomnia is characterized by a disorder‐consistent interpretive bias. Furthermore, monitoring for insomnia‐consistent cues on awakening appears to mediate group differences in interpretive bias.
Post‐traumatic stress as a determinant of quality of life in pediatric solid‐organ transplant recipients
Authors: Hind Tatsuma , Lui Samantha , Moon Erin , Broad Katherine , Lang Samantha , Schreiber Richard A. , Armstrong Kathryn , Blydt‐Hansen Tom D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLiving with end‐stage organ failure is associated with an accumulation of traumatic medical events, and despite recovery after solid‐organ transplantation (SOT), many children continue to exhibit lower quality of life (QOL). Few studies have examined the relationship between post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and QOL among pediatric SOT recipients. We conducted a retrospective, cross‐sectional review of 61 pediatric SOT recipients (12 heart, 30 kidney, and 19 liver) to evaluate the association of PTSD with self‐reported QOL. PTSD was measured by the Child Trauma Screening Questionnaire (CTSQ), and QOL was measured using the PedsQL and PedsQL Transplant Module (PedsQL‐TM) surveys. Demographics, baseline, and contemporaneous factors were tested for independent association. SOT recipients were 15.2 (12.1–17.6) years old at survey completion. Median CTSQ score was 2 (1–3), highest in kidney recipients, and 13% were identified as high risk for PTSD. Median PedsQL score was 83 (70–91) and significantly associated with the CTSQ score (r = −.68, p < .001). Median PedsQL Transplant Module score was 89 (83–95) and similarly associated with the CTSQ score (r = −.64, p < .001). Age at time of surveys and presence of any disability were also independently associated with PedsQL and PedsQL‐TM, respectively. When adjusted for Emotional Functioning, CTSQ remained associated with PedsQL subscores (r = −.65, p < .001). Trauma symptoms are a major modifiable risk factor for lower self‐perceived QOL and represent a potentially important target for post‐transplant rehabilitation. Additional research is needed to understand the root contributors to PTSD and potential treatments in this population.
The symbiotic tensions of the regulatory–carceral state: The case of cannabis legalization
Authors: Aaronson Ely , Rothschild‐Elyassi Gil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent scholarship has emphasized the need to develop a polymorphic conceptualization of the regulatory state. This article contributes to this theory‐building project by outlining a research agenda for exploring the symbiotic interactions and tensions between the regulatory and carceral morphs of the state. Using the case study of cannabis legalization reforms in the United States, we argue that the legitimation deficits of the carceral state stimulate the proliferation of new regulatory frameworks for governing social problems that were traditionally handled by the criminal justice system. We demonstrate how the polymorphic approach illuminates the ways in which the regulatory and carceral morphs of the state compete for influence over shared policy domains, but also complement and reinforce one another. Thus, rather than precipitating the demise of the carceral state, cannabis legalization reforms sustain a bifurcated governance structure perpetuating long‐standing patterns of using drug law as a means for racialized social control.
The chemical compound ‘Heatin’ stimulates hypocotyl elongation and interferes with the Arabidopsis NIT1‐subfamily of nitrilases
Authors: van der Woude Lennard , Piotrowski Markus , Klaasse Gruson , Paulus Judith K. , Krahn Daniel , Ninck Sabrina , Kaschani Farnusch , Kaiser Markus , Novák Ondřej , Ljung Karin , Bulder Suzanne , van Verk Marcel , Snoek Basten L. , Fiers Martijn , Martin Nathaniel I. , van der Hoorn Renier A. L. , Robert Stéphanie , Smeekens Sjef , van Zanten Martijn 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYTemperature passively affects biological processes involved in plant growth. Therefore, it is challenging to study the dedicated temperature signalling pathways that orchestrate thermomorphogenesis, a suite of elongation growth‐based adaptations that enhance leaf‐cooling capacity. We screened a chemical library for compounds that restored hypocotyl elongation in the pif4‐2–deficient mutant background at warm temperature conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana to identify modulators of thermomorphogenesis. The small aromatic compound ‘Heatin’, containing 1‐iminomethyl‐2‐naphthol as a pharmacophore, was selected as an enhancer of elongation growth. We show that ARABIDOPSIS ALDEHYDE OXIDASES redundantly contribute to Heatin‐mediated hypocotyl elongation. Following a chemical proteomics approach, the members of the NITRILASE1‐subfamily of auxin biosynthesis enzymes were identified among the molecular targets of Heatin. Our data reveal that nitrilases are involved in promotion of hypocotyl elongation in response to high temperature and Heatin‐mediated hypocotyl elongation requires the NITRILASE1‐subfamily members, NIT1 and NIT2. Heatin inhibits NIT1‐subfamily enzymatic activity in vitro and the application of Heatin accordingly results in the accumulation of NIT1‐subfamily substrate indole‐3‐acetonitrile in vivo. However, levels of the NIT1‐subfamily product, bioactive auxin (indole‐3‐acetic acid), were also significantly increased. It is likely that the stimulation of hypocotyl elongation by Heatin might be independent of its observed interaction with NITRILASE1‐subfamily members. However, nitrilases may contribute to the Heatin response by stimulating indole‐3‐acetic acid biosynthesis in an indirect way. Heatin and its functional analogues present novel chemical entities for studying auxin biology.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Oscar William 
Published: March 2021

International Journal of Contemporary Education (IJCE) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJCE publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 1 Aurora Q. Pestano, University of San Jose Recoletos, PhilippinesAziz Moummou, Ministry of Education, MoroccoBlessing Dwumah Manu, Jiangsu University, GhanaBožić-Lenard Dragana, University of Osijek Croatia, CroatiaBruna Gabriela Augusto Marçal Vieira, CEFET-MG, BrazilDina Radeljas, Mohawk Valley Community College, USAEdward Bolden, Case Western Reserve University, USAFederica Cornali, University of Turin, ItalyGiuseppe Maugeri, Ca' Foscari University, ItalyGraziano Serragiotto, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, ItalyInaad M Sayer, University of Human Development, IraqLi Li, Bath Spa University, UKMakrina Nina Zafiri, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GreeceMatthew Schatt, University of Florida, USANilgün Tosun, Trakya University, TurkeyRaymond Aaron Younis, ACU Australia, AustraliaTeresa Pozo-Rico, University of Alicante, SpainVassiliki Pliogou, Metropolitan College of Thessaloniki, GreeceVassilios Papadimitriou, University of Thessaly, Greece William OscarEditorial AssistantInternational Journal of Contemporary Education------------------------------------------------------------Redfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USATel: 1-503-828-0536 ext. 509Fax: 1-503-828-0537E-mail 1: ijce@redfame.comE-mail 2: ijce@redfame.orgURL: http://ijce.redfame.com
The Impact of Various Modeling Decisions on Flow Field Predictions in a Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Gooding William J. , Meier Matthew A. , Key Nicole L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Computational tools have become increasingly important in design and research applications in recent years due to increasing computational resources. In most cases, model geometry and flow physics are simplified to reduce the complexity of the computational model. While this was necessary historically, modern computational tools are capable of including realistic features such as fillets, surface roughness, and heat transfer. This work presents extensive and systematic numerical results from a simulation of a centrifugal compressor stage for an aero-engine application. Numerical results are compared to detailed experimental data to investigate the effect of various modeling decisions, including turbulence models, on the predicted aerodynamics developing through the diffuser passage. Roughness and the inclusion of fillets significantly impact the flow development, especially with the shear-stress transport (SST) turbulence model. This approach leads to the conclusion that the BSL-EARSM model is best able to predict the experimentally determined diffuser flow profiles and overall performance trends with the inclusion of the previously mentioned model features. Additionally, misleading conclusions can be reached if modeling decisions are based on merely matching overall performance values. Finally, frozen rotor simulations are used to roughly approximate the impact of unsteadiness on the flow field. The results show a significant impact and also that the inclusion of approximate unsteady effects tends to further improve the predictive capability of the computational models that were considered.
Enhancing the Power of Expert Systems Through Interprocess Communication
Authors: Murren Brian T. , Crapo Andrew W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Today many excellent software packages are available both within GE and commercially. The challenge of the future is to integrate suites of these diverse packages to provide the best solution for a given application’s requirements. This paper will describe how the GEN-X expert system shell has been enhanced to execute as a cooperative program using a client-server model in multiprocessing environments that support this concept, i.e. Windows, UNIX, etc. Consistent with the GEN-X philosophy of providing ease of use, the knowledge base developer is shielded from the details of the implementation. The communication facilities allow commands and data to be exchanged with other processes by supporting multiple protocols and transport mechanisms. The initial Unix implementation used GDE, a protocol similar to Microsoft’s DDE under Windows (Microsoft, 1990). This paper describes how the addition of interprocess communication facilities to GEN-X allows powerful tools such as hypermedia managers to be integrated into an expert system application.
Effective Utilization of Design Geometry for Numerical Analysis Applications
Authors: Loule Jeffery M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In many instances, companies are using design automation software from different software suppliers to perform their design and analysis functions. Selection of the software applications were probably based on “Best in class” and organizational requirements many years before the need to move analysis on to the critical design path was not even imaginable. The advances in technology in only the last few years has made the leveraging of design geometry for analysis possible. It would be impractical to throw away the legacy system in order to integrate the design and analysis function. Therefore, it is important to have the technologies and software applications which can efficiently use geometric data from the design application in the analysis application. This paper will discuss some of the issues with using design geometry and ways to address the issues.
The paper discusses some of the “real life” issues of trying to use geometry created from design systems for analysis applications. It proposes a multi-step approach to efficiently utilize design geometry for analysis applications. The paper will discusses the advantage and disadvantages of proprietary versus international data exchange standards. It will also identify the necessary functionality to modify geometry within the analysis application. To illustrate the productivity of this approach, the paper will go through the process of modifying design geometry of a hand held video camera for a finite element mesh.
Design of an AutoCAD Tablet Menu for Machine Design
Authors: Ezz Ali Abou , Al-Medfa Othman , Hamed Mostafa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Many computer packages are commercially available to design an object. AutoCAD is one of these packages which is commonly used in educational institutions to produce and modify technical drawings using personal computers. A customized Menu is developed to control the AutoCAD drawing editor through a digitizer tablet buttons. Tablet menu assigns AutoCAD commands to different locations of the digitizer tablet surface which is divided into four rectangular areas containing different sets of macros. Each macro contains a series of AutoCAD commands and parameters put together to perform an identified task.
Tablet area one consists of 200 boxes used for blocks library applications. Over 54 block drawings of different mechanical drawings are established, when user clicks the digitizer at one of these boxes location, a selected mechanical item is inserted from the library onto the current drawing with suitable scale factors. The user can assemble mechanical components of different elements from this library within a short time and with little effort.
Effect of Index Variation Form of an Epicyclic Gear Reducer Teeth on Turbo-Generator Set Vibrations
Authors: Rakhit A. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The index variation form of gear teeth is an important parameter that needs to be considered in analyzing vibrations of gear transmissions. Tests carried out showed the ring gear teeth index variation forms of an epicyclic reducer significantly influenced the vibrations of turbo-generator sets. The proper selection of this form combined with allowable index variation of ring gear teeth resulted in acceptable turbo-generator set vibrations.