bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Participatory Modeling Methods for Co‐creating Pathways to Sustainability
Authors: Moallemi E. A. , de Haan F. J. , Hadjikakou M. , Khatami S. , Malekpour S. , Smajgl A. , Smith M. Stafford , Voinov A. , Bandari R. , Lamichhane P. , Miller K. K. , Nicholson E. , Novalia W. , Ritchie E. G. , Rojas A. M. , Shaikh M. A. , Szetey K. , Bryan B. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe achievement of global sustainability agendas, such as the Sustainable Development Goals, relies on transformational change across society, economy, and environment that are co‐created in a transdisciplinary exercise by all stakeholders. Within this context, environmental and societal change is increasingly understood and represented via participatory modeling for genuine engagement with multiple collaborators in the modeling process. Despite the diversity of participatory modeling methods to promote engagement and co‐creation, it remains uncertain what the extent and modes of participation are in different contexts, and how to select the suitable methods to use in a given situation. Based on a review of available methods and specification of potential contextual requirements, we propose a unifying framework to guide how collaborators of different backgrounds can work together and evaluate the suitability of participatory modeling methods for co‐creating sustainability pathways. The evaluation of method suitability promises the integration of concepts and approaches necessary to address the complexities of problems at hand while ensuring robust methodologies based on well‐tested evidence and negotiated among participants. Using two illustrative case studies, we demonstrate how to explore and evaluate the choice of methods for participatory modeling in varying contexts. The insights gained can inform creative participatory approaches to pathway development through tailored combinations of methods that best serve the specific sustainability context of particular case studies.
A Reasonable Mean Dynamic Topography State on Improving the Ability of Assimilating the Altimetry Observations into a Coupled Climate System Model: An Example With CAS‐ESM‐C
Authors: Dong Xiao , Zheng Fei , Lin Renping , Yang Haipeng , Zhu Jiang , Du Mengjiao , Luo Hao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, based on an ocean data assimilation system for the coupled climate model CAS‐ESM‐C, how to reasonably assimilate altimetry data are explored. In sea surface height (SSH) assimilations, the mean dynamic topography (MDT) is an important factor that can coordinate the observed sea level anomalies with the modeled SSH. The SSH assimilation results are first compared through assimilation experiments using three different MDTs, including the observed reference height, the MDT from model control run, and the MDT from the assimilation experiment in CAS‐ESM‐C, with the climatological World Ocean Atlas (WOA) temperature assimilated into the coupled model. The results show that the third one can significantly improve the ability of the ocean data assimilation system to assimilate the SSH observations. Using this MDT, the SSH assimilation scheme of the ocean data assimilation system was established for the CAS‐ESM‐C, and a long‐term SSH assimilation experiment from 1994 to 2017 was carried out. The results show that the SSH assimilation performs much better than the SST assimilation in reproducing the ocean states and seasonal‐interannual variability. The improvements of SSH assimilation compared with SST assimilation may be due to the different properties of the two ocean variables. While SST is a thermodynamic variable used to evaluate the thermal condition of the ocean surface layer, SSH is a dynamic variable linked to the dynamical information of the whole ocean layer. Thus, SSH assimilation can constrain the ocean model with observed dynamic information, which is more important to the state estimation and temporal evolution of the ocean.
Identifying Agricultural Managed Aquifer Recharge Locations to Benefit Drinking Water Supply in Rural Communities
Authors: Marwaha Nisha , Kourakos George , Levintal Elad , Dahlke Helen E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe southern Central Valley of California is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world. Yet, decades of groundwater use beyond sustainable yield have left rural communities highly vulnerable to shortages and contamination of their drinking water supply. As state regulation begins to address these issues, a need exists to design adaptive and appropriate management systems to increase resilience of rural communities. Targeted managed aquifer recharge on agricultural land (Ag‐MAR) near rural communities is one such strategy that could potentially stabilize groundwater tables and maintain or improve groundwater quality in domestic supply wells. Here we present a geographic information system‐based multicriteria decision analysis that combines biophysical data (soils, land use, and surface water conveyance) with groundwater modeling and particle tracking to identify suitable agricultural land parcels for multibenefit groundwater recharge within well capture zones of 288 rural communities. Parcels are prioritized using a vulnerability index to change in groundwater supply, derived from well reliance and failures, pesticide applications, land subsidence, and socio‐economic data. Our analysis identifies 2,998 suitable land parcels for Ag‐MAR within the well capture zones of 149 of the 288 communities, of which 144 rely mainly on groundwater for drinking water. The majority of identified Ag‐MAR parcels serve communities ranked as having extreme or very high vulnerability to changes in groundwater supply. Our research produces new understanding of factors contributing to community vulnerability and resilience to changes in drinking water supply and can be used to discuss actions to help achieve a stable and high‐quality water supply.
The aftermath of the interplay between the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and redox signaling
Authors: Bhattarai Kashi Raj , Riaz Thoufiqul Alam , Kim Hyung-Ryong , Chae Han-Jung 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle of eukaryotic cells. Its main functions include protein synthesis, proper protein folding, protein modification, and the transportation of synthesized proteins. Any perturbations in ER function, such as increased demand for protein folding or the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, lead to a stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR). The primary aim of the UPR is to restore cellular homeostasis; however, it triggers apoptotic signaling during prolonged stress. The core mechanisms of the ER stress response, the failure to respond to cellular stress, and the final fate of the cell are not yet clear. Here, we discuss cellular fate during ER stress, cross talk between the ER and mitochondria and its significance, and conditions that can trigger ER stress response failure. We also describe how the redox environment affects the ER stress response, and vice versa, and the aftermath of the ER stress response, integrating a discussion on redox imbalance-induced ER stress response failure progressing to cell death and dynamic pathophysiological changes.
SPRTN protease-cleaved MRE11 decreases DNA repair and radiosensitises cancer cells
Authors: Na Juri , Newman Joseph A. , Then Chee Kin , Syed Junetha , Vendrell Iolanda , Torrecilla Ignacio , Ellermann Sophie , Ramadan Kristijan , Fischer Roman , Kiltie Anne E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe human MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) complex plays a crucial role in sensing and repairing DNA DSB. MRE11 possesses dual 3′−5′ exonuclease and endonuclease activity and forms the core of the multifunctional MRN complex. We previously identified a C-terminally truncated form of MRE11 (TR-MRE11) associated with post-translational MRE11 degradation. Here we identified SPRTN as the essential protease for the formation of TR-MRE11 and characterised the role of this MRE11 form in its DNA damage response (DDR). Using tandem mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis, the SPRTN-dependent cleavage site for MRE11 was identified between 559 and 580 amino acids. Despite the intact interaction of TR-MRE11 with its constitutive core complex proteins RAD50 and NBS1, both nuclease activities of truncated MRE11 were dramatically reduced due to its deficient binding to DNA. Furthermore, lack of the MRE11 C-terminal decreased HR repair efficiency, very likely due to abolished recruitment of TR-MRE11 to the sites of DNA damage, which consequently led to increased cellular radiosensitivity. The presence of this DNA repair-defective TR-MRE11 could explain our previous finding that the high MRE11 protein expression by immunohistochemistry correlates with improved survival following radical radiotherapy in bladder cancer patients.
The immune-inflammatory response of oligodendrocytes in a murine model of preterm white matter injury: the role of TLR3 activation
Authors: Boccazzi Marta , Van Steenwinckel Juliette , Schang Anne-Laure , Faivre Valérie , Le Charpentier Tifenn , Bokobza Cindy , Csaba Zsolt , Verderio Claudia , Fumagalli Marta , Mani Shyamala , Gressens Pierre 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA leading cause of preterm birth is the exposure to systemic inflammation (maternal/fetal infection), which leads to neuroinflammation and white matter injury (WMI). A wide range of cytokines and chemokines are expressed and upregulated in oligodendrocytes (OLs) in response to inflammation and numerous reports show that OLs express several receptors for immune related molecules, which enable them to sense inflammation and to react. However, the role of OL immune response in WMI is unclear. Here, we focus our study on toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) that is activated by double-strand RNA (dsRNA) and promotes neuroinflammation. Despite its importance, its expression and role in OLs remain unclear. We used an in vivo mouse model, which mimics inflammation-mediated WMI of preterm born infants consisting of intraperitoneal injection of IL-1β from P1 to P5. In the IL-1β-treated animals, we observed the upregulation of Tlr3, IL-1β, IFN-β, Ccl2, and Cxcl10 in both PDGFRα+ and O4+ sorted cells. This upregulation was higher in O4+ immature OLs (immOLs) as compared to PDGFRα+ OL precursor cells (OPCs), suggesting a different sensitivity to neuroinflammation. These observations were confirmed in OL primary cultures: cells treated with TLR3 agonist Poly(I:C) during differentiation showed a stronger upregulation of Ccl2 and Cxcl10 compared to cells treated during proliferation and led to decreased expression of myelin genes. Finally, OLs were able to modulate microglia phenotype and function depending on their maturation state as assessed by qPCR using validated markers for immunomodulatory, proinflammatory, and anti-inflammatory phenotypes and by phagocytosis and morphological analysis. These results show that during inflammation the response of OLs can play an autonomous role in blocking their own differentiation: in addition, the immune activation of OLs may play an important role in shaping the response of microglia during inflammation.
Targeting autophagy enhances atezolizumab-induced mitochondria-related apoptosis in osteosarcoma
Authors: Liu Zhuochao , Wang Hongyi , Hu Chuanzhen , Wu Chuanlong , Wang Jun , Hu Fangqiong , Fu Yucheng , Wen Junxiang , Zhang Weibin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we identified the multifaceted effects of atezolizumab, a specific monoclonal antibody against PD-L1, in tumor suppression except for restoring antitumor immunity, and investigated the promising ways to improve its efficacy. Atezolizumab could inhibit the proliferation and induce immune-independent apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. With further exploration, we found that atezolizumab could impair mitochondria of osteosarcoma cells, resulting in increased release of reactive oxygen species and cytochrome-c, eventually leading to mitochondrial-related apoptosis via activating JNK pathway. Nevertheless, the excessive release of reactive oxygen species also activated the protective autophagy of osteosarcoma cells. Therefore, when we combined atezolizumab with autophagy inhibitors, the cytotoxic effect of atezolizumab on osteosarcoma cells was significantly enhanced in vitro. Further in vivo experiments also confirmed that atezolizumab combined with chloroquine achieved the most significant antitumor effect. Taken together, our study indicates that atezolizumab can induce mitochondrial-related apoptosis and protective autophagy independently of the immune system, and targeting autophagy is a promising combinatorial approach to amplify its cytotoxicity.
Molecular imaging of the kinetics of hyperactivated ERK1/2-mediated autophagy during acquirement of chemoresistance
Authors: Bishnu Aniketh , Phadte Pratham , Dhadve Ajit , Sakpal Asmita , Rekhi Bharat , Ray Pritha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlterations in key kinases and signaling pathways can fine-tune autophagic flux to promote the development of chemoresistance. Despite empirical evidences of strong association between enhanced autophagic flux with acquired chemoresistance, it is still not understood whether an ongoing autophagic flux is required for both initiation, as well as maintenance of chemoresistance, or is sufficient for one of the either steps. Utilizing indigenously developed cisplatin–paclitaxel-resistant models of ovarian cancer cells, we report an intriguing oscillation in chemotherapy-induced autophagic flux across stages of resistance, which was found to be specifically elevated at the early stages or onset of chemoresistance. Conversely, the sensitive cells and cells at late stages of resistance showed stalled and reduced autophagic flux. This increased flux at early stages of resistance was found to be dictated by a hyperactive ERK1/2 signaling, which when inhibited either pharmacologically (U0126/Trametinib) or genetically, reduced p62 degradation, number of LC3+veLAMP1+ve puncta, autophagolysosome formation, and led to chemo-sensitization and apoptosis. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation also altered the level of UVRAG and Rab7, the two key proteins involved in autophagosome–lysosome fusion. Noninvasive imaging of autophagic flux using a novel autophagy sensor (mtFL-p62 fusion reporter) showed that combinatorial treatment of platinum–taxol along with Trametinib/chloroquine blocked autophagic flux in live cells and tumor xenografts. Interestingly, Trametinib was found to be equally effective in blocking autophagic flux as chloroquine both in live cells and tumor xenografts. Combinatorial treatment of Trametinib and platinum–taxol significantly reduced tumor growth. This is probably the first report of real-time monitoring of chemotherapy-induced autophagy kinetics through noninvasive bioluminescence imaging in preclinical mouse model. Altogether our data suggest that an activated ERK1/2 supports proper completion of autophagic flux at the onset of chemoresistance to endure initial chemotherapeutic insult and foster the development of a highly chemoresistant phenotype, where autophagy becomes dispensable.
Micron-sized iron oxide particles for both MRI cell tracking and magnetic fluid hyperthermia treatment
Authors: Dallet Laurence , Stanicki Dimitri , Voisin Pierre , Miraux Sylvain , Ribot Emeline J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIron oxide particles (IOP) are commonly used for Cellular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and in combination with several treatments, like Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia (MFH), due to the rise in temperature they provoke under an Alternating Magnetic Field (AMF). Micrometric IOP have a high sensitivity of detection. Nevertheless, little is known about their internalization processes or their potential heat power. Two micrometric commercial IOP (from Bangs Laboratories and Chemicell) were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and their endocytic pathways into glioma cells were analyzed. Their Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and cytotoxicity were evaluated using a commercial AMF inductor. T2-weighted imaging was used to monitor tumor growth in vivo after MFH treatment in mice. The two micron-sized IOP had similar structures and r2 relaxivities (100 mM−1 s−1) but involved different endocytic pathways. Only ScreenMAG particles generated a significant rise in temperature following AMF (SAR = 113 W g−1 Fe). After 1 h of AMF exposure, 60% of ScreenMAG-labeled cells died. Translated to a glioma model, 89% of mice responded to the treatment with smaller tumor volume 42 days post-implantation. Micrometric particles were investigated from their characterization to their intracellular internalization pathways and applied in one in vivo cancer treatment, i.e. MFH.
Greedy control of cascading failures in interdependent networks
Authors: Turalska Malgorzata , Swami Ananthram 
Published: February 2021

AbstractComplex systems are challenging to control because the system responds to the controller in a nonlinear fashion, often incorporating feedback mechanisms. Interdependence of systems poses additional difficulties, as cross-system connections enable malicious activity to spread between layers, increasing systemic risk. In this paper we explore the conditions for an optimal control of cascading failures in a system of interdependent networks. Specifically, we study the Bak–Tang–Wiesenfeld sandpile model incorporating a control mechanism, which affects the frequency of cascades occurring in individual layers. This modification allows us to explore sandpile-like dynamics near the critical state, with supercritical region corresponding to infrequent large cascades and subcritical zone being characterized by frequent small avalanches. Topological coupling between networks introduces dependence of control settings adopted in respective layers, causing the control strategy of a given layer to be influenced by choices made in other connected networks. We find that the optimal control strategy for a layer operating in a supercritical regime is to be coupled to a layer operating in a subcritical zone, since such condition corresponds to reduced probability of inflicted avalanches. However this condition describes a parasitic relation, in which only one layer benefits. Second optimal configuration is a mutualistic one, where both layers adopt the same control strategy. Our results provide valuable insights into dynamics of cascading failures and and its control in interdependent complex systems.
Food and nutrition of Gaur (Bos gaurus C.H. Smith, 1827) at the edge of Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
Authors: Chaiyarat Rattanawat , Prasopsin Suphat , Bhumpakphan Naris 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe presence of gaur (Bos gaurus) at the border of Khao Yai National Park (KYNP) in Thailand has resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of individuals’ crop feeding. This study examines the feeding adaptations of gaur at the edge of the protected area and assesses whether gaur response to increased nutrient availability in crop plants compared to natural forage. During the day, gaur mostly utilized forest areas in KYNP and entered the agricultural areas at night. Gaur ate 43 natural forage species. Natural forage species contain high levels of crude protein and lipid, but they are found in small quantities and scattered areas when compared to crop plants, especially Zea mays L., that are available in large quantity and are heavily foraged on by gaur. However, greater understanding of the electivity index and nutrition of forage species along the edge of the protected area can be used to reduce the gaur-human conflict by keeping gaur in KYNP. Reducing the large monoculture areas that is the food sources of gaur along the edge may reduce or prevent gaur leaving the park and can be applied to advance conservation actions.
Cryptography‐based deep artificial structure for secure communication using IoT‐enabled cyber‐physical system
Authors: Kannan Chakrapani , Dakshinamoorthy Muralidharan , Ramachandran Manikandan , Patan Rizwan , Kalyanaraman Hariharan , Kumar Ambeshwar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInternet of things (IoTs) enabled cyber‐physical systems is a system that provides communication between physical devices and cyber environment. They run independently without any user interaction. Because the IoT devices are vulnerable to a variety of attacks, security is a noteworthy factor in the development process during communication. To improve secure communication with minimum time consumption, a novel technique called jackknife regressive Schmidt Samoa cryptography‐based deep artificial structure learning (JRSSC‐DASL) is introduced. Initially, the data is monitored by IoT devices and is collected from the dataset. The proposed deep artificial structure learning technique trains the gathered data with multiple layers. Then, the collected data is analysed in the first hidden layer with the help of the jackknife regression function by learning the feature and it classifies the data with higher accuracy. The classified data is sent to the next hidden layer where encryption is performed using Schmidt Samoa (SS) encryption algorithm. Then, the encrypted data is sent to the cloud server where the decryption is performed using the SS decryption algorithm. The cloud server obtains the original data and it is stored in their database for further processing. This process enhances the security of data communication and achieves high data confidentiality with less processing time. Experimental estimation is performed on the factors such as classification accuracy, confidentiality rate, processing time and memory usage to the number of data sensed from IoT device. Conferred results reveal that the proposed JRSSC‐DASL technique has high confidentiality rate and minimum processing time as well as memory usage when compared to state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Exploiting UAV‐emitted jamming to improve physical‐layer security: A 3D trajectory control perspective
Authors: Ren Mengmeng , Chen Jian , Zhou Yuchen , Yang Long 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the physical‐layer security of a terrestrial communication system in the presence of potential unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) eavesdroppers (UEDs). Due to the line‐of‐sight channels of ground‐to‐air links and the broadcast characteristics of wireless channels, the UEDs have a better chance to eavesdrop terrestrial communication systems compared with the conventional ground eavesdroppers. It indicates that the emerging of UEDs brings new challenges to secure transmissions in terrestrial communication systems. In this study, a UAV is recruited to wisely jam the UEDs by adopting a dynamic three‐dimensional (3D) trajectory, in order to protect the legitimate transmission. To maximally improve the average secrecy rate, the joint optimization of the 3D trajectory of the UAV jammer and legitimate user scheduling as a non‐convex mixed‐integer optimization problem is formulated. To efficiently solve such a challenging problem, a novel enhanced genetic algorithm (EGA), where a combined encoding method and a fitness‐based crossover method are developed to improve the convergence performance, is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed EGA in terms of the average secrecy rate.
Fractional‐order controllers for irrational systems
Authors: Guel‐Cortez Adrian‐Josue , Méndez‐Barrios César‐Fernando , Kim Eun‐jin , Sen Mihir 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, fractional‐order controllers of the type PDμ and PIλ are applied to a class of irrational transfer function models that appear in large‐scale systems, such as networks of mechanical/electrical elements and distributed parameter systems. More precisely, by considering the fractional‐order controller in the Laplace domain with , a stability analysis in the parameter‐space is presented. Furthermore, as a way to measure the controller robustness, the controller's fragility analysis using the parameter‐space is derived. Finally, several applications that demonstrate the utility of our results are included.