bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser Processing of Sprayed Powder and Compact Materials
Authors: Vityaz P. , Ivashko V. , Ilyuschenko A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Forming technology of protective properties using concentrated energy flows is based on the possibility of laser radiation firstly to provide high heat flow densities which are necessary for intensive heating on a small part of surface. When effecting metal surface laser radiation reflects from it partially and the rest flow penetrates on small depth. As far as the energy is practically absorbed fully in the surface layer, width 10-6 to 10-7 m, the heat source may be considered as surface one [1]. To harden steel products it is necessary to heat the surface till the temperature of phase transformations. The surface cooling takes place mainly due to heat transfer to a less heated member part. Mathematical modeling thermal processes occuring when local surface parts processing is one of effective means to study this method of materials hardering. However till now the predominant number of works of temperature fields investigation when local processing was done supposing that the ray effects semi-infinite space or the process is considered in a moving coordinates system, connected with the centre of a light spot, that enables to consider a stationary task. Such assumption are true when processing massive parts but give a considerable error when processing small parts [2]. The offered models with the aid of which there is studied the heating process for a sample of parallepiped and cylinder shape come to solving the equation of thermal conductivity with considerably nonlinear coefficients. When surface processing with continuity laser, the ray is focused perpendicularly to the sample surface. The period of light spot contact with the surface is estimated from the speed of its travel on the scanned surface. Before the test the product is subjected to special processing reducing the energy loss due to reflection.
Mathematical Modeling of a Free Plasma Jet Discharging into Air and Comparison with Probe Measurements
Authors: Bolot R. , Imbert M. , Coddet C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Plasma spraying process modeling is useful to understand physical phenomena and to decrease the number of experiments. In this paper, a study of the external plasma jet is proposed: the PHOENICS™ CFD code was used with a 2D axisymmetrical geometry and a standard K-ε turbulence model. In a first step, thermodynamic and transport properties were calculated from chemical equilibrium composition, thermodynamic derivatives and kinetic theory of gases. Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) was assumed for both plasma and surrounding gases. The proposed numerical results were computed for comparison with temperature measurements realized by Brossa and Pfender in the case of an argon plasma jet discharging into air, using enthalpy probes. The predictions were found reasonably accurate. The influence of the surrounding gas nature was also verified as the validity of the parabolic assumption.
Investigation of the Long-Term Stability of Plasma Spraying by Monitoring Characteristics of the Sprayed Particles
Authors: Leblanc L. , Gougeon P. , Moreau C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In plasma spraying temperature and velocity of the sprayed particles are among the most important parameters influencing the microstructure and properties of the deposited coatings. However, the sprayed particle state is influenced by uncontrollable parameters such as the wear state of the electrodes. In order to investigate the influence of the electrode wear state on sprayed particles, a long-term experiment was conducted during which on-line measurements of plasma sprayed yttria-zirconia powder were performed. Results show that even though input parameters were kept constant during the experiment the state of the sprayed particle changed significantly and coatings prepared at different spraying times have different microstructures and can have different properties. However, by changing some input spray parameters it was possible to retrieve the initial sprayed particle state and coating microstructure.
Measurement Technology for Inflight Particle Diagnosis in Plasma Spraying
Authors: Schütz M. , Barbezat G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A new measurement technology in plasma spraying has been established at SULZER METCO AG, Switzerland. Based on the principle of C. Moreau, CNRC, it is now possible to measure surface temperature and velocity of melted particles during the flight in a plasma flame. Since temperature and velocity are two of the most important parameters for plasma spraying processes and coating characteristics, the knowledge and control of these parameters offers new methods and assistance in the development of coating solutions. The object of this paper is to outline some important measurement results, to show correlations to coating characteristics and to demonstrate measurement applications in an industrial environment.
Diagnostic Development for Control of Wire-Arc Spraying
Authors: Sheard J. , Heberlein J. , Stelson K. , Pfender E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This research has focused on characterization of the wire arc spray process with the goal of achieving improved process controls. Arc voltage and current traces have been analyzed on-line using an oscilloscope and a personal computer with LabView software. The characteristic features of the arc voltage fluctuations are correlated with the molten metal droplet formation process using a high speed Laser Strobe video system operating in synchronization with the oscilloscope trigger. Voltage minima occur when larger globules of molten metal leave the wire tip. Analysis of the voltage fluctuations indicate that they are neither random nor periodic, and that they can be described based on chaos theory. This approach may be used for achieving a further understanding of the dynamic nature of the process, and for the development of control algorithms.
Influence of Surface Condition on the Bonding Strength of Thermal Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Ulianitsky V.Yu. , Nikolaev J.A. , Gavrilenko T.P. , Kim M.C. , Hong J.W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The role of surface roughness in coating adhesion mechanism is studying for detonation spraying. Roughness was produced by conventional grit blasting, D-gun blasting and was formed as a result of spraying of high-adhesive thin layer of detonation coating. Cermet and alloy powders were sprayed by detonation gun Ob. The coating bonding strength measurements show the WC+25Co adhesion to be above 200 MPa independently of a substrate surface preparation. Contrary, NiCrSiB coatings are very sensitive to surface conditions their adhesion varies from 180 MPa to zero. As-sprayed alloy particles fail in adherence because of insufficient energy to fuse substrate material at a flat surface. Only developed (wide scale) roughness may be fused partially by these particles for their bonding to the substrate. Otherwise, high heated cermet particles do not need special surface preparation (except cleaning) for fusion of substrate material to provide high bonding with it. The wide scale and ball shape roughness, which is similar to the self-reproduced coating roughness, provides the best conditions for the coating bonding and it is recommended as the purpose of surface treatment before thermal spray coating.
An Analytical Model for the Generation of Residual Stresses in Sprayed Coatings Deposited Progressively onto Planar Substrates
Authors: Tsui Y.C. , Clyne T.W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An analytical model has been developed to predict the residual stress distributions in thermal spray coatings on substrates of finite thickness. This is based on the concept of a misfit strain, caused by either the quenching of splats or by differential thermal contraction during cooling. During spraying, the coatings are asssumed to deposit on the substrate in a progressive (layer-by-layer) manner. Although the misfit strain ("the quenching strain") is the same for each successive incremental layer of deposit, this is imposed each time on a "substrate" of changing thickness. The final stress distribution will in general differ from that which would result if the coating were imposed on the substrate (with the same misfit strain) in a single operation. The model is straightforward to apply: for example, it can be implemented using a standard spreadsheet program. The required input data are the quenching strain (or stress), the spraying temperature, material properties and specimen dimensions. Comparisons have been made between the predictions from this model and from a numerical model for two plasma sprayed systems. Good agreement is observed. The effects of varying certain parameters, such as coating thickness, substrate thickness, coating stiffness, etc, are readily explored, so that the model provides a useful tool for controlling residual stress levels. Application of the model to determine the quenching stress, in conjunction with the use of a curvature monitoring technique, is briefly outlined. In addition, an analysis is made of the errors introduced by using Stoney's equation to deduce stress levels from curvature measurements.
The Need for Standardization in Evaluating the Effect of Coatings on Substrate Mechanical Properties
Authors: Sauer J.P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As the application of thermal spray coatings is expanded to performance-critical applications, the need to ascertain how the coating affects mechanical properties of the substrate is very important. This is especially true for properties such as fatigue. A standard method for approaching this type of evaluation is necessary. Items such as test bar configuration, application of the coating, baseline comparison methods, and many other factors must be defined to formulate a consistent and repeatable system for evaluation.
ANÁLISE DOS FOCOS DE CALOR EM DIFERENTES FAIXAS DE ÁREAS DE INFLUÊNCIA DA RODOVIA BR-242, NOVA UBIRATÃ-MT
Authors: Hoki Vanusa de Souza Pacheco , Sanches Luciana , Carmo Junior Gersina Nobre Rocha , Pinto Junior Osvaldo Borges 
Published: May 2021

A concentração dos focos de calor em diferentes faixas limítrofes de influência da rodovia BR-242 foi analisada no município de Nova Ubiratã-MT. Os focos de calor obtidos pelo banco de dados de Queimadas do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), detectados pelo sensor MODIS do satélite AQUA foram identificados e quantificados. O estimador de densidade de Kernel e a análise de Buffer (distância em duas classes de 0 – 5 km e 0 – 20 km ao longo da BR-242) foram utilizados para estimar a distribuição dos focos de calor no município. Os resultados indicaram um aumento nos focos de calor a partir da área de influência de 20 km, constatando que 10% dos focos ocorreram na faixa de 0 – 5 km e 29% na faixa de 0 – 20 km, totalizando 5.568 focos detectados nos anos 2008 a 2017. Esta nova informação visa fomentar políticas públicas sobre os procedimentos aplicados pelo IBAMA na regularização ambiental das rodovias federais, especialmente para diagnosticar o passivo ambiental rodoviário.
Palavras-chave: Sistema de Informação Geográfica; incêndios florestais; infraestrutura; monitoramento por satélite.

Analysis of heat sources in different areas of influence of the BR-242 highway in the Nova Ubiratã-MT, Brazil

ABSTRACT: The concentration of heat sources in different boundary bands of influence of the BR-242 highway was analyzed in the municipality of Nova Ubiratã-MT. The heat sources obtained by the database of burnings from Brazilian National Institute for Space Research (INPE), detected by the MODIS sensor of the AQUA satellite were identified and quantified. The Kernel density estimator and the Buffer analysis (distance in two classes of 0 - 5 km and 0 - 20 km along the BR-242 corridor) were used to estimate the distribution of heat sources in the municipality. The results indicated an increase in the heat sources from the area of ​​influence of 20 km, noting that 10% of the heat sources occurred in the range of 0 - 5 km and 29% in the range of 0 - 20 km, totaling 5,568 detected heat sources in the years from 2008 to 2017. This new information promises to promote public policies on the procedures applied by IBAMA in the environmental regularization of federal highways, especially to diagnose environmental road liabilities.
Keywords: Geographic Information Systems; wildfire; infrastructure; satellite monitoring.
The Return of Liberal Judaism to Germany
Authors: Mühlstein Jan , Muehlstein Lea , Magonet Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe German Jewish community established after World War Two was shaped by refugees from Eastern Europe, so the congregations they established were Orthodox. However, in 1995 independent Liberal Jewish initiatives started in half a dozen German cities. The story of Beth Shalom in Munich illustrates the stages of such a development beginning with the need for a Sunday school for Jewish families and experiments with monthly Shabbat services. The establishment of a congregation was helped by the support of the European Region of the World Union for Progressive Judaism and ongoing input from visiting rabbis. The twenty years since the founding of the congregation have also seen the creation of the Union of Progressive Jews in Germany, the successful political struggle for a share of the state funding for Jewish communities and the establishment of the first Jewish theological faculty in Germany.
Post-War Progressive Judaism in Europe
Authors: Magonet Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlready in 1946 Rabbi Dr Leo Baeck advocated that alongside the rebuilding of congregations in post-war Europe, what he termed ‘little Judaism’, there was a need for a ‘greater Judaism’ – Jewish engagement with the wider issues of society: ‘We are Jews also for the sake of humanity’. In 1949 he also expressed the need for a dialogue with Islam. A variety of events and activities represent early attempts to meet these dual concerns. In 1997 at the first post-war, full-scale conference of the European Board of the World Union for Progressive Judaism in Germany, in Munich, Diana Pinto noted that despite long-standing fears that the European diaspora was doomed to disappear, changes in a European self-understanding had helped create an ‘ever more vibrant Jewish space’. Almost twenty years on from then, particularly with the rise of anti-Semitism and terrorist attacks, the mood amongst European Jews has become less optimistic.
Gifts from the LGBTQ Community
Authors: Burden Janet 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe article is a personal reflection, originally given as a sermon, on lessons learned from the experience of being a straight member of Beit Klal Yisrael. Beit Klal Yisrael is a largely, though not exclusively, LGBTQ Jewish community in West London, founded by Rabbi Sheila Shulman. The author found there no need to be part of a couple or a family, and no need to explain or apologize for her non-Jewish background. Community members understood that ties of affection, of choice and of shared lived experience were as significant as those of blood or socially recognized relationships.
L’Aimé qui est l’aimée
Authors: Podolsky Robin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmmanuel Levinas’ teachings with regard to the other, the erotic and fecundity can speak powerfully to questions of Queer politics, morality and justice. Levinas’ insistence on the inalienability of human rights which supersede the bourgeois social contract, the interpersonal as the locus of goodness and his interest in the moral possibilities of the affectional and erotic offer stirring possibilities. So does his insistence that each person is a unique event in being, irreducible to genus (or gender). But what about Levinas’ formulations which appear to reinscribe heteronormative and patriarchal ideas about gender and family? Levinas scholars disagree about how to read these texts. This article provides a close reading of one of Levinas’ more provocative texts to derive a queer reading that honours the teacher.
Memories, Readings and Diversities
Authors: Seidler Victor Jeleniewski 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDrawing on her poetry as well as her theology, this article explores Sheila Shulman’s multiple engagements with feminisms that have transformed patriarchal traditions within Judaism and opened new spaces to engage the integrity of differences. Thinking across boundaries and developing practices of ‘reading whole’, she showed ways of engaging traditional texts that call upon us to be honest and present to ourselves as we shape new forms of community. As a teacher she inspired many to read attentively and with love and to frame questions that mattered to the world.
Interview with Lionel Blue, 1965
Authors: Magonet Jonathan , Blue Lionel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This interview was conducted in 1965 by Jonathan Magonet at the time when Lionel Blue was newly appointed European Director of the Youth Section and of the World Union for Progressive Judaism itself. It addresses his concern about rebuilding European Diaspora Jewish communities after the war, through helping them find meaning and purpose in their existence beyond survival as an end in itself. Progressive Judaism is well placed to take on such a task because of its openness to the outside world. Progressive Judaism is not a breakaway from Rabbinic Judaism but sifts it and transposes it into a new key. He outlines a variety of programmes he envisages to undertake this work.
Shylock, the Devil and the Meaning of Deception in The Merchant of Venice
Authors: Elukin Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article explores Shakespeare’s secularized retelling of the Christian theological narrative of deceiving the Devil, with Antonio playing the role of Christ and Shylock as the Devil. The article argues that recasting the contest between Christ and the Devil in the world of Venice sets the stage for Shakespeare’s larger exploration of the pervasive nature of deceit in human affairs. Although it seems that Shakespeare’s characters are resigned to live in a fallen world where truth is obscured, Portia’s invocation of mercy may be Shakespeare’s attempt to offer some hope of an earthly salvation. The article argues that this portrait of a world filled with deception resonated with Shakespeare’s audience. Men and women in early modern England lived in a world where they often had to hide their religious identities and loyalties. This interpretation challenges more recent attempts to see the play as primarily concerned with race and tolerance.
The Task of the Hebrew Translation
Authors: Tzelgov Eran 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The first translation of Shakespeare’s Othello into Hebrew, Ithiel ha-Kushimi-Vinezya, was published in 1874. The translation, by the Jewish convert to Christianity Isaac Edward Salkinson, was made following an explicit request by one of the most prominent figures of the late Hebrew Haskalah (Jewish Enlightenment), Peretz Smolenskin. I will examine how the two negotiated one of the most controversial cruxes in Shakespeare’s oeuvre. The crux, found in Othello’s final speech (5.2), reads in the First Quarto (1622) as ‘the base Indian’ who ‘threw a pearl away, / Richer than all his Tribe’, while in the First Folio (1623) it reads as ‘the base ludean’. I will meditate on the Indian-Iudean crux, and offer a critical reading of Salkinson’s ‘solution’ and his ‘mistranslation’ of ‘pearl’ to ‘sapphire’ on the same line, in light of Smolenskin’s critique of Hebrew literature. In so doing, I will offer an understanding of the role of the Hebrew translator in their era and of translation in general.
Shylock and the Nazis
Authors: Bassey Alessandra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article gives due and extended attention to the performance in 1943 of The Merchant of Venice in Vienna, examining the ways in which Shylock was portrayed and potentially misused for propagandistic purposes by the regime. The approach will be both primarily analytical and comparative. Archival material sourced from the theatre museum in Vienna (Theatermuseum) and the Burgtheater will form the base of this research. The question ‘How was Shylock performed under the Nazis?’ will be accompanied by ‘To what extent was the play modified?’ and ‘How does the infamous Vienna production differ from previous, celebrated productions?’ Considering that Merchant is a play which, up until today, often upsets audiences, analysing a Nazi performance might seem too crude an endeavour. This article, however, aims to demonstrate that no matter how painful or uncomfortable a topic may be, ‘Erinnern macht frei’ – remembrance can set you free (Marko Watt).
Rationality and Consensus in Kwasi Wiredu’s Traditional African Polities
Authors: Matolino Bernard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The disagreement over what was responsible for arriving at consensual positions, in traditional African polities, is best captured in the classic debate between Kwasi Wiredu and Emmanuel Eze. The former holds that rational persuasion was the sole informant of decision-making while the latter argues that non-rational factors played a crucial role in securing a consensual decision. If Wiredu is correct then consensus could work in modern society as it can be argued that it does not rely on traditionalistic scaffoldings. If, on the other hand, Eze is correct, then consensus cannot work in modern largely urbanised Africa as its traditional underpinnings have largely disappeared. While Emmanuel Ani’s intervention in this debate is welcome for its earnest search for a system that could work, his support for Eze is not bold enough to undermine Wiredu’s rationalistic orientation in consensus.
Pan-African Linguistic and Cultural Unity
Authors: Sesanti Simphiwe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Contrary to the view that Africa is populated by many ethnic groups whose cultures and languages have no relation to one another, scientific research, as opposed to impressionistic arguments, points to the fact that African languages are connected, and by extension, demonstrate African cultural connectivity and unity. By making reference to both African and European scholars, this article demonstrates pan-African linguistic and cultural unity, and echoes pan-Africanist scholars’ call for African linguistic and cultural unity as a basis for pan-Africanism and the African Renaissance.
Critiquing Sub-Saharan Pan-Africanism through an Appraisal of Postcolonial African Modernity
Authors: Ugwuanyi Lawrence Ogbo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
What vision directs pan-Africanism and which developmental model does it support and promote? To answer this question, the article evaluates pan-Africanism within the demands of African modernity and locates the extent to which pan-Africanism meets the aspiration of African modernity. It argues that pan-Africanism has what amounts to a north-bound gaze and supports development imperialism, and shows that for this reason it is not properly grounded on African realities, the consequence of which is the weakness of African modernity. The article suggests a re-articulation of pan-Africanism through the ideology of pro-Africanism, which holds that autonomy and self-will are two cardinal principles that are fundamental to African self-definition but which pan-Africanism is not in a position to provide because it amounts to a subordination of African difference. It concludes that a redirection of the African vision in this direction is a worthier ideological alternative to pan-Africanism.