bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ionization fraction in OMC-2 and OMC-3
Authors: Salas P. , Rugel M. R. , Emig K. L. , Kauffmann J. , Menten K. M. , Wyrowski F. , Tielens A. G. G. M. 
Published: July 2021

Context. The electron density (ne−) plays an important role in setting the chemistry and physics of the interstellar medium. However, measurements of ne− in neutral clouds have been directly obtained only toward a few lines of sight or they rely on indirect determinations.
Aims. We use carbon radio recombination lines and the far-infrared lines of C+ to directly measure ne− and the gas temperature in the envelope of the integral shaped filament (ISF) in the Orion A molecular cloud.
Methods. We observed the C102α (6109.901 MHz) and C109α (5011.420 MHz) carbon radio recombination lines (CRRLs) using the Effelsberg 100 m telescope at ≈2′ resolution toward five positions in OMC-2 and OMC-3. Since the CRRLs have similar line properties, we averaged them to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra. We compared the intensities of the averaged CRRLs, and the 158 μm-[CII] and [13CII] lines to the predictions of a homogeneous model for the C+/C interface in the envelope of a molecular cloud and from this comparison we determined the electron density, temperature and C+ column density of the gas.
Results. We detect the CRRLs toward four positions, where their velocity (vLSR ≈ 11 km s−1) and widths (σv ≈ 1 km s−1) confirms that they trace the envelope of the ISF. Toward two positions we detect the CRRLs, and the 158 μm-[CII] and [13CII] lines with a signal-to-noise ratio ≥5, and we find ne− = 0.65 ± 0.12 cm−3 and 0.95 ± 0.02 cm−3, which corresponds to a gas density nH ≈ 5 × 103 cm−3 and a thermal pressure of pth ≈ 4 × 105 K cm−3. We also constrained the ionization fraction in the denser portions of the molecular cloud using the HCN(1–0) and C2H(1–0) lines to x(e−) ≤ 3 × 10−6.
Conclusions. The derived electron densities and ionization fraction imply that x(e−) drops by a factor ≥100 between the C+ layer and the regions probed by HCN(1–0). This suggests that electron collisional excitation does not play a significant role in setting the excitation of HCN(1–0) toward the region studied, as it is responsible for only ≈10% of the observed emission.
Bioinspired Total Synthesis of Marine Anticancer Meroterpenoids Dysideanone B and Dysiherbol A and Structure Revision of Dysiherbol A
Authors: Lu Zhaoyong , Chong Chuanke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOur recent progress on the total synthesis of marine anticancer sesquiterpene quinone/hydroquinone dysideanone B and dysiherbol A is briefly highlighted. This success relied on some key transformations. The union of the terpene and quinone/hydroquinone moieties was realized through a site and stereoselective α-position alkylation of Wieland–Miescher ketone derivative with a bulky benzyl bromide. The 6/6/6/6-tetracycle of dysideanone B was constructed using an intramolecular radical cyclization and the 6/6/5/6-fused core structure of dysiherbol A was forged by an intramolecular Heck reaction, respectively. The possible origin of ethoxy group in dysideanone B was revealed by mimicking the isolation conditions at a late stage. The structure of dysiherbol A was revised through the total synthesis of this natural product. Schmalz’s synthesis of dysiherbol A was also included.
Semantic Textual Similarity in Japanese Clinical Domain Texts Using BERT
Authors: Mutinda Faith Wavinya , Yada Shuntaro , Wakamiya Shoko , Aramaki Eiji 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Semantic textual similarity (STS) captures the degree of semantic similarity between texts. It plays an important role in many natural language processing applications such as text summarization, question answering, machine translation, information retrieval, dialog systems, plagiarism detection, and query ranking. STS has been widely studied in the general English domain. However, there exists few resources for STS tasks in the clinical domain and in languages other than English, such as Japanese.
Objective The objective of this study is to capture semantic similarity between Japanese clinical texts (Japanese clinical STS) by creating a Japanese dataset that is publicly available.
Materials We created two datasets for Japanese clinical STS: (1) Japanese case reports (CR dataset) and (2) Japanese electronic medical records (EMR dataset). The CR dataset was created from publicly available case reports extracted from the CiNii database. The EMR dataset was created from Japanese electronic medical records.
Methods We used an approach based on bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) to capture the semantic similarity between the clinical domain texts. BERT is a popular approach for transfer learning and has been proven to be effective in achieving high accuracy for small datasets. We implemented two Japanese pretrained BERT models: a general Japanese BERT and a clinical Japanese BERT. The general Japanese BERT is pretrained on Japanese Wikipedia texts while the clinical Japanese BERT is pretrained on Japanese clinical texts.
Results The BERT models performed well in capturing semantic similarity in our datasets. The general Japanese BERT outperformed the clinical Japanese BERT and achieved a high correlation with human score (0.904 in the CR dataset and 0.875 in the EMR dataset). It was unexpected that the general Japanese BERT outperformed the clinical Japanese BERT on clinical domain dataset. This could be due to the fact that the general Japanese BERT is pretrained on a wide range of texts compared with the clinical Japanese BERT.
Influence of Rogowski coil structure for sub-ns current pulses
Authors: Nassisi V. , Serra A. 
Published: July 2021

Short current pulses are very diffuse and have also been used in many electronic devices for biological stress recently. In order to measure these current pulses, Rogowski coils are applied. In this work, we focus our efforts on the structure of the Rogowski box, which has a narrow slit, needed to correctly lead the current to be diagnosed. The attenuation coefficient depends mainly on the inductance values, the load resistance, and the virtual capacitance between coil and ground. Until now, the influence of the slit length and its width was never considered. We have studied, either theoretically or experimentally, the influence of the slit dimensions on calibration factor variations. The attenuation factor ranged from 11.3 to 16.3 A/V for s ranging from 0.8 to 0.2 mm, respectively. The device we realized is able to perform precise measurements of sub-nanosecond rise time pulses (∼100 ps).
β-Ga2O3 epitaxial growth on Fe-GaN template by non-vacuum mist CVD and its application in Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Xu Yu , Zhang Chunfu , Yan Pengru , Li Zhe , Zhang Yachao , Chen Dazheng , Zhu Weidong , Feng Qian , Xu Shengrui , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue 
Published: July 2021

In this work, we report on demonstrating lateral β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) fabricated on Fe-GaN/sapphire (0001) substrates by using the non-vacuum, low-cost mist chemical vapor deposition (mist CVD) method for the first time. The x-ray diffraction scanning pattern identifies that β-Ga2O3 layers are grown with (−201) planes parallel to the (0001) plane of the GaN template, and the transmission electron microscopy shows that the β-Ga2O3 lattice is regularly and neatly arranged, indicating good crystal quality. β-Ga2O3 based SBDs with 4 and 20 µm anode–cathode lengths (LAC) exhibit the specific on-resistance (Ron,sp) of 1.58 and 39.8 Ω cm2 and breakdown voltage (Vbr) of 580 and 2400 V, respectively. The present results show the great potential of the non-vacuum and cost-effective mist CVD method as the epitaxial growth technique employed in β-Ga2O3 devices.
Tunable carbon nanotube diode with varying asymmetric geometry
Authors: Funayama Keita , Hirotani Jun , Miura Atsushi , Tanaka Hiroya , Ohno Yutaka , Tadokoro Yukihiro 
Published: July 2021

We propose and demonstrate a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based field emission nanoscale diode to realize a fully integrated nanoscale system, namely, a true nanosystem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a nanodiode simultaneously achieves ease of fabrication and individual tunability of multiple CNT diodes on the nanoscale on the same substrate in a one-time process. A nanodiode comprises a single-wall CNT cathode placed on a substrate, layered insulator, and metal anode. The proposed nanodiode allows us to adjust the turn-on voltage from 1 to 2.4 V by varying the surface area of the anode. Furthermore, as an example of a basic nano-electronic system, nanodiode-based fundamental logic gates (OR and NAND) are demonstrated on a CNT. We propose a theoretical model that derives the theoretical I–V characteristics based on the image-charge method to design the nanodiode quickly. The results in this study contribute to the development of carbon-based nanoelectronic systems.
Application of UV-C radiation light in fruit juice processing
Authors: Fundo Joana F. , Miller Fátima A. , Brandão Teresa R.S. , Silva Cristina L.M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, consumers demand high-quality and fresh-like food products. In the fruit juices industry, the applied processes to guarantee safety and increase shelf life often negatively impact final product quality. Although thermal treatments are the most frequently applied processes to preserve fruit juices, heating may induce undesirable changes in sensory and nutritional characteristics. These facts prompted research on alternative and mild-non-thermal processes that assure the quality and safety of this type of liquid food. In this context, UV-C light has emerged, presenting several characteristics that make it a promising alternative to traditional processing and appropriate for liquid foods. UV-C light attributes and their application in the food industry are described in this work. Due to the recognized potential of this non-thermal technology on fruit juices, numerous researchers have been focusing on this subject. A compilation of those works is presented and discussed, emphasizing the UV-C light impact on quality/nutritional aspects and microbial inactivation in fruit juices. This critical review paper aims to be a valuable tool for finding characteristics/conditions of UV-C treatments and determine the corresponding impact on quality and safety parameters of fruit juices, opening topics for further research.
Opioid Stewardship Training during the Transition to Residency to Prepare Medical Students to Recognize and Treat Opioid use Disorder
Authors: Estave Paige M. , Jacobs Marie L. , Rukstalis Margaret , Goforth Jon , Stone Shane N. , Choi Jungbin A. , Barrett Jessica , Douglas Heather E. , Oliver Jennifer B. , Keating Michelle K , Freischlag Julie A. , O'Brien Mary Claire , McEwen Sara , Strowd Roy E. 
Published: July 2021

Background With a drastic shortage of addiction medicine specialists—and an ever-growing number of patients with opioid use disorder (OUD)—there is a dire need for more clinicians to feel confident in prevention and management of OUD and obtain a DEA-X waiver to prescribe medications to treat OUD. Here we determine if it is feasible to certify 4th year medical students with DEA-X waiver training as a component of the PROUD (Prevent and Reduce Opioid Use Disorder) curriculum, and if PROUD enhanced preparedness for medical students to manage OUD as interns. Methods We implemented a sequential mixed-methods IRB approved study to assess feasibility (completing all required components of DEA-X waiver training) and impact of PROUD (measured by knowledge growth, enhancement for residency, and utilization of training during internship). Students completed 11 hours of required OUD training. Quantitative data included pre-/post- knowledge and curriculum satisfaction assessments as well as long-term impact with follow up survey as interns. Qualitative data was collected by survey and semi-structured focus groups. Results All 120 graduating medical students completed the required components of the curriculum. Knowledge improved on the Provider Clinical Support Services (12.9–17.3, p < 0.0001) and Brief Opioid Overdose Knowledge assessments (10.15–10.81, p < 0.0001). Course satisfaction was high: 90% recommended online modules; 85% recommended training overall. Six qualitative themes emerged: (1) curriculum content was practical, (2) online modules allowed flexibility, (3) in-person seminars ensured authenticity, (4) timing at the transition to residency was optimal, (5) curriculum enhanced awareness and confidence, and (6) training was applicable to future careers. At 3 months, 60% reported using their training during internship; 64% felt more prepared to treat OUD than peers. Conclusions PROUD trained 4th year medical students in opioid stewardship. As interns, students felt ready to serve as change agents to prevent, diagnose, and treat OUD.
Luminescence imaging of non-uniform phantoms during irradiation of protons
Authors: Yamamoto S. , Yabe T. , Akagi T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Although luminescence imaging during irradiation of protons is a useful method for range and dose estimations, it has only been attempted for uniform phantoms. Since luminescence imaging inherently has high resolution, we will be able to measure the images with non-uniform phantoms. Therefore, we measured the luminescence images for a non-uniform structured acrylic block during irradiation of protons. Imaging was conducted using a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) camera during the irradiation of 129-MeV protons to an acrylic block with a 10-mm diameter hole in which an acrylic rod, air, or a titanium rod was inserted. Under these three different conditions, we could obtain different luminescence images for protons. The luminescence images with the acrylic rod showed uniform Bragg peaks in the lateral direction. In the luminescence images with air, a part of the Bragg peak under the hole was elongated. In the luminescence images with the titanium rod, the part of the Bragg peak under the hole was shortened. The ranges estimated from the depth profiles of the measured images matched the simulated results within a 1-mm difference. We confirmed that the luminescence imaging of non-uniform phantoms was possible and that ranges could be estimated from the images. We conclude that luminescence imaging is promising not only for uniform phantoms but also non-uniform phantoms.
Modeling tree radial growth in a warming climate: where, when, and how much do potential evapotranspiration models matter?
Authors: Dannenberg Matthew P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Process-based models of tree-ring width are used both for reconstructing past climates and for projecting changes in growth due to climate change. Since soil moisture observations are unavailable at appropriate spatial and temporal scales, these models generally rely on simple water budgets driven in part by temperature-based potential evapotranspiration (PET) estimates, but the choice of PET model could have large effects on simulated soil moisture, moisture stress, and radial growth. Here, I use four different PET models to drive the VS-Lite model and evaluate the extent to which they differ in both their ability to replicate observed growth variability and their simulated responses to projected 21st century warming. Across more than 1200 tree-ring width chronologies in the conterminous United States, there were no significant differences among the four PET models in their ability to replicate observed radial growth, but the models differed in their responses to 21st century warming. The temperature-driven empirical PET models (Thornthwaite and Hargreaves) simulated much larger warming-induced increases in PET and decreases in soil moisture than the more physically realistic PET models (Priestley–Taylor and Penman–Monteith). In cooler and more mesic regions with relatively minimal moisture constraints to growth, the models simulated similarly small reductions in growth with increased warming. However, in dry regions, the Thornthwaite- and Hargreaves-driven VS-Lite models simulated an increase in moisture stress roughly double that of the Priestley–Taylor and Penman–Monteith models, which also translated to larger simulated declines in radial growth under warming. While the lack of difference in the models’ ability to replicate observed radial growth variability is an encouraging sign for some applications (e.g. attributing changes in growth to specific climatic drivers), the large differences in model responses to warming suggest that caution is needed when applying the temperature-driven PET models to climatic conditions with large trends in temperature.
Mathematical models of the new remote transformer current transducers
Authors: Amirov Sultan Faizullaevich , Kamilovna Babanazarova Nargisa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
New designs of remote transformer current converters (RTCC) have been developed in this article. It is shown that an increase in sensitivity is achieved due to the implementation of the magnetic circuit in the form of a multiturn core with a common measuring winding, and the use of three identical RTCC installed to measure currents of all three phases with connected measuring windings according to open triangle circuit expands the functionality of device due to the simultaneous measurement of currents in three phases and unbalanced currents in a three-phase circuit. Generalized mathematical models of new RCTT have been developed taking into account the influence of magnetic fields of currents of neighboring buses for the most general case of their location in space in relation to the buses of a three-phase line. It is shown that for RTCC type TVM-P, in which the parallel rods are made in the form of a multi-turn core with a corresponding measuring winding, in order to reduce the effect on the readings of the current transducer installed to measure the current in phases A, the number of turns of the measuring winding located at a distance from of buses B and C, the multiturn core of the U-shaped magnetic circuit should be selected large in relation to the measuring winding placed on the multiturn core closest to the buses B and C.
ATWS Analysis for Innovative Lead-Cooled High-Power Fast Reactor with Accident Tolerant Materials of Core
Authors: Okunev V S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The main purpose of the article is to substantiate the safety of a lead-cooled fast reactor of high power. Thermal power of the reactor is about 5600 MW, electric power is about 2400 MW. The design is similar to the BREST-OD-300 project developed at NIKIET JSC. The safety of a high-power reactor is ensured only with the use of innovative core materials (previously the author proposed to use fuel based on micrograins of UN-PuN mononitride and uranium metal nanopowder, a coolant based on lead of thorium ores, fuel element cladding based on EP823 steel with nanopowder of titanium oxide and yttrium, tungsten-coated cladding are used). Research methods are mathematical modeling of the reactor and reactor emergency modes. The most dangerous emergency modes (ATWS – anticipated transients without scram and their combinations, taking into account the non-simultaneous start) are considered. The studies used the codes developed by the author (Dragon-M, FRISS-2D) and the well-known code for precision neutron-physical calculations (MCU). A safe reactor corresponds to the fulfillment of restrictions for a number of functionals characterizing emergency modes. Studies have shown that when using innovative core materials, any combination of emergency modes does not lead to unacceptable releases of radioactive substances outside the Nuclear Power Plant. The results of the study show the possibility of developing reliable, safe, environmentally acceptable nuclear power based on reactors of this type.
Green technologies in rural electric powerindustry
Authors: Naumov Igor V , Podyachikh Sergey V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article examines the indicators of the quality of electric energy and additional power losses due to the asymmetry of the three-phase voltage system in rural distribution electric networks 0.38 kV. Violation the symmetrical mode operation of the electrical network causes a deterioration the power quality and can lead to fire-hazardous situations. The proposed method of using the means of balancing the modes of operation electric networks is considered as a scenario for the introduction of “green” technologies to improve the efficiency of electricity supply in rural areas. The connection of balancing devices (BD) and various types of three-phase symmetric and unbalanced loads, as well as their combinations are considered on the model of the electric network at various points of power consumption. The parameters of the electrical network and BD are modeled and calculated by the computer complex “Asymmetry-2”. The programs for the Matlab graphic editor are compiled and diagrams of changes the indicators characterizing the quality and additional losses of electricity from the changing unbalanced load are constructed. A numerical analysis is carried out on the basis of the performed calculation and recommendations are given for determining the most appropriate place for connecting the BD in the electrical network.
Prospects for the use of aluminum-air batteries in solar energy in Greece
Authors: Korolev I V , Bakirtzis A I , Burdyukov D A , Kravchenko M V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The topic of aluminum use in the production of air-aluminum batteries, for the future development of solar energy in Greece, is being considered in this work. The article analyses different systems of vehicles in order to propose the use of air-aluminum batteries instead of lithium-ion ones.
Actual problems of the full-scale digital twins technology for the complex engineering object life cycle management
Authors: Zhabitskii M , Melnikov V , Boyko O 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the problems that arise with the widespread digital twin technology introduction for complex engineering objects. Based on the nuclear power experience, various classes of problems are considered. They are related to the different information models and data demand structures and for life-cycle at different stages. As part of the industrial technologies transformation during the Fourth Industrial Revolution, information model & digital twin concepts have fundamental importance. Target effects and actual problems of the technology are analyzed. The enlarged stages of the life cycle, such as design, construction, operation, and decommissioning are considered. The focus of the technology analysis is selected large objects of the Rosatom Corporation. Possible trends in the full life cycle digital twins technology are considered development. The problems of preserving large volumes of structured digital data for long periods at many decades are discussed. The problem of changing the competencies of engineering and management personnel in connection with the digital transformation of the economy and industry during the Fourth Industrial Revolution is considered. It is predicted that it is necessary to increase the costs of implementing digital technologies to achieve the target effects of the digital transformation of the industry and economy.