bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infectious lung masses misdiagnosed as metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma: Two case reports
Authors: Jian Binglin , Xu Na , Duan Chao , Zhao Wen , Su Yan , Yu Tong , Fu Libing , Chen Chenghao , Zeng Qi , Ma Xiaoli 
Published: January 2021

SummaryRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) with regional lymph node involvement has a high rate of distant metastases. Lung is the most common site, accounting for 70% of all metastases. The differential diagnosis of lung lesions due to an infectious aetiology versus metastases is usually evaluated by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging. However, it is rare for patients of RMS to present with infectious nodules or masses in the lung during follow‐up. More importantly, infections can mimic the imaging characteristics of metastatic RMS in CT. We report two such cases where children diagnosed with head and neck embryonal RMS with lymph node metastasis, presented with pulmonary masses 0.5 and 4 years after end of treatment, without the typical signs and symptoms suggestive of an infection. Chest CT suggested a provisional diagnosis of metastases and biopsies confirmed infectious aetiology (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Cryptococcus).
The Everyday and the Evental Public Space: Rethinking the Spatiotemporal Modalities of Radical Political Events
Authors: Kallianos Yannis , Fumanti Mattia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we put forward an examination of the interconnections between public space, the everyday, and the event in order to rethink the spatiotemporal modalities of political action. Recent mass mobilisations and civil unrest events around the globe have brought to the fore the complex relationship between political practices and public space. These indicate a critique of representative democracy, authoritarian governance, and precarious living conditions, as well as entailing new ways of doing and conceptualising politics. Our paper approaches the production and (re)configuration of public space through a spatiotemporal analysis of collective action based on the events that took place in Athens, in December 2008, and in Tottenham, London, in August 2011. By considering the everyday socio‐political dynamics of public space as formative of radical political practices, we also pay attention to its evental (re)production. Such a process, we argue, entails the potentiality for rupture, contestation and radical imagination.
Superior Detection of Faces in Male Infants at 2 Months
Authors: Maylott Sarah E. , Sansone Jilian R. , Jakobsen Krisztina V. , Simpson Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2021

Females generally attend more to social information than males; however, little is known about the early development of these sex differences. With eye tracking, 2‐month olds’ (N = 101; 44 females) social orienting to faces was measured within four‐item image arrays. Infants were more likely to detect human faces compared to objects, suggesting a functional face detection system. Unexpectedly, males looked longer at human faces than females, and only males looked faster and longer at human faces compared to objects. Females, in contrast, looked less at human faces relative to animal faces and objects, appearing socially disinterested. Notably, this is the first report of a male face detection advantage at any age. These findings suggest a unique stage in early infant social development.
Why Has China's Current Account Balance Converged after the Global Financial Crisis?
Authors: Xu Jianwei , Yang Panpan , Ma Guangrong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChina's current account surplus declined significantly from its peak of nearly 10 percent of GDP in 2007 to less than 1 percent in 2018. The new pattern offered fresh evidence for our understanding of China's current account dynamics. In this paper, we used flow of funds data to gauge its underlying driving forces. Specifically, by employing index decomposition analysis, we decomposed the current account from the perspective of savings and investment into three sectors: the household, corporate, and government sectors. We found that the decline in China's current account ratio was first driven by cyclical factors, i.e. weak corporate saving growth induced by the economic slump in 2009 as well as the following massive corporate investment bolstered by the government stimulus plan. However, such cyclical factors quickly subsided, and the subsequent current account balance reduction was later supported by structural factors, i.e. household savings declined enduringly and the Chinese government switched to a more expansionary fiscal policy. There are three possible explanations for the structural movement: reduced precautionary saving due to higher social security coverage ratio, lower corporate profits as a result of economic slowdown, and a twin deficit due to the government's more relaxed fiscal stance. The new facts, however, were not consistent with other current account theories focusing on long‐term aspects of the saving–investment account puzzle, especially those relating to China's special demographic characteristics.
Sensibilisierungsraten für häufige Inhalationsallergene in Deutschland – Anstieg und Veränderung der Muster über die vergangenen 20 Jahre
Authors: Beutner Caroline , Werchan Barbora , Forkel Susann , Gupta Sidhi , Fuchs Thomas , Schön Michael P. , Geier Johannes , Buhl Timo 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund:Die Sensibilisierungsraten für Aeroallergene steigen weltweit. Die Prävalenz nimmt insbesondere in den westlichen Ländern zu. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, (1) Sensibilisierungsraten und (2) Kreuzsensibilisierungsmuster in Haut‐Prick‐Tests (HPTs) für die wichtigsten Inhalationsallergene in Mitteldeutschland, angepasst an den regionalen Pollenflug, über 20 Jahre hinweg zu untersuchen.Patienten und Methodik:In dieser monozentrischen Studie wurden HPTs für Baumpollen, Gräserpollen und Hausstaubmilben (HDM) bei 4315 Patienten, darunter auch Kinder, mit Verdacht auf Atemwegsallergien von 1998–2017 ausgewertet.Ergebnisse:Die Sensibilisierungsraten für fast alle Aeroallergene zeigten einen signifikanten Anstieg über die Jahre, ohne relevante Veränderungen der regionalen Pollenzahlen. Die aktuellen Sensibilisierungsraten bei allen symptomatischen Patienten waren am höchsten für Gräser‐ (55,3 %) und Roggenpollen (59,6 %), wobei die HDM‐Sensibilisierung im Laufe der Zeit am stärksten zunahm (von 37,8 % auf aktuell 50,1 %). Ein geringer, aber konsistenter Anteil der Baumpollen‐sensibilisierten Patienten (3,6–7,8 %) zeigte jedoch isolierte positive HPTs auf Erlen‐ und/oder Haselpollen ohne Sensibilisierung auf Birkenpollen.Schlussfolgerungen:Wir zeigen einen signifikanten Anstieg der Gesamtzahl der sensibilisierten Patienten sowie eine Zunahme der Kreuzsensibilisierung gegen eng verwandte Allergene. Patienten mit ungewöhnlichen Monosensibilisierungsprofilen gegenüber häufigen Inhalationsallergenen müssen genauer untersucht werden, da diese Patienten derzeit von klinischen Studien zur Allergen‐Immuntherapie ausgeschlossen sind.
Update “Systemic treatment of atopic dermatitis” of the S2k‐guideline on atopic dermatitis
Authors: Werfel Thomas , Heratizadeh Annice , Aberer Werner , Ahrens Frank , Augustin Matthias , Biedermann Tilo , Diepgen Thomas , Fölster‐Holst Regina , Kahle Julia , Kapp Alexander , Nemat Katja , Peters Eva , Schlaeger Martin , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Schmitt Jochen , Schwennesen Thomas , Staab Doris , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Werner Ricardo , Wollenberg Andreas , Worm Margitta , Ott Hagen 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThis guideline is an update from August 2020 the S2k‐guideline “Atopic dermatitis” published in 2015. The reason for updating this chapter of the guideline were the current developments in the field of systemic therapy of atopic dermatitis. The agreed recommendations for systemic treatment in atopic dermatitis of the present guideline are based on current scientific data. Due to the approval of dupilumab for the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, which cannot be treated sufficiently with topical drugs alone, this part of the guideline has now been adapted and newly consented. The indication for systemic therapy and the therapeutic response to topical and systemic treatment should be recorded and documented in a suitable form in clinic and practice. A standardized documentation of the indication for system therapy in atopic dermatitis can be recommended and is also part of the updated chapter of this guideline.
Why disease ecology needs life‐history theory: a host perspective
Authors: Valenzuela‐Sánchez Andrés , Wilber Mark Q. , Canessa Stefano , Bacigalupe Leonardo D. , Muths Erin , Schmidt Benedikt R. , Cunningham Andrew A. , Ozgul Arpat , Johnson Pieter T.J. , Cayuela Hugo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhen facing an emerging infectious disease of conservation concern, we often have little information on the nature of the host‐parasite interaction to inform management decisions. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the life‐history strategies of host species can be predictive of individual‐ and population‐level responses to infectious disease, even without detailed knowledge on the specifics of the host‐parasite interaction. Here, we argue that a deeper integration of life‐history theory into disease ecology is timely and necessary to improve our capacity to understand, predict and mitigate the impact of endemic and emerging infectious diseases in wild populations. Using wild vertebrates as an example, we show that host life‐history characteristics influence host responses to parasitism at different levels of organisation, from individuals to communities. We also highlight knowledge gaps and future directions for the study of life‐history and host responses to parasitism. We conclude by illustrating how this theoretical insight can inform the monitoring and control of infectious diseases in wildlife.
Transfusion with 2 litres of hyperimmune plasma is superior to transfusion of 1 litre for protecting foals against pneumonia attributed toRhodococcus equi
Authors: Flores‐Ahlschwede P. , Kahn S. K. , Ahlschwede S. , Bordin A. I. , Cohen N. D. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryBackgroundTransfusion of plasma hyperimmune againstRhodococcus equi(REHIP) is used to reduce the incidence of foal pneumonia caused byR.equion endemic farms, but the optimal volume to transfuse is unknown.ObjectivesTo determine whether transfusion of 2 L of REHIP to foals was superior to transfusion of 1 L for reducing the incidence of pneumonia attributed toR. equiin foals.Study designRetrospective cohort design.MethodsMedical records of 158 foals from two breeding farms in Saratoga Springs, New York, were reviewed. Information collected from mares and foals included the date of birth, volume of REHIP transfused to foals, and whether the foal developed pneumonia attributed toR. equi. Data were analysed using random‐effects logistic regression with pneumonia as the outcome variable and farm modelled as a random effect to account for clustering of foals within farm.ResultsThere were 77 foals with evidence of clinical (n = 75) or subclinical (n = 2) pneumonia. The odds of pneumonia were 2.5‐fold greater (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–5.8; P = 0.0319) for foals transfused with 1 L than for foals transfused with 2 L. The odds of pneumonia were 2.7‐fold (95% CI, 1.4–5.5; P = 0.0046) greater for foals born in April or May than for foals born before April. Accounting for the effects of birth month, the odds of pneumonia were 2.4‐fold (95% CI, 1.1–5.6; P = 0.0457) higher for foals transfused with 1 L of REHIP than for foals transfused with 2 L.Main limitationsThe major limitations of this study are the observational study design and that diagnosis ofR. equipneumonia was presumptive.ConclusionsTransfusing foals with 2 L of REHIP is probably superior to transfusing 1 L for reducing the incidence ofR. equipneumonia and appeared safe.
GENDER BIAS IN OPINION AGGREGATION
Authors: Mengel Friederike 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGender biases have been documented in many areas including hiring, promotion, or performance evaluations. Many of these decisions are made by committees. We experimentally investigate whether committee deliberation contributes to gender biases. In our experiments, participants perform a real effort task and then rate the task performance of other participants. Across treatments we vary the extent of deliberation possible. We find that deliberation increases gender biases. We explore several mechanisms and test two interventions. Randomizing the order of speaking does not reduce gender bias, but an information intervention where raters are informed of gender bias in prior sessions does.
In vitro starch digestion and technological properties of spaghetti fortified with lupin protein isolate
Authors: Cutillo Silvia , Farahnaky Asgar , Marcotuli Ilaria , Gadaleta Agata , Sissons Mike 
Published: January 2021

SummarySpaghetti commonly made with durum wheat, typically lacks essential amino acids and with low fibre. Legumes offer potential to improve these properties and lupin is a good choice because it is cheaper with fewer antinutritional compounds than other legumes. Spaghetti was prepared with 0%, 5%, 17% and 30% lupin protein isolate (LPI) using both single‐screw (SSEP) and twin‐screw extrusion (TSEP). LPI increased protein up to 129%, reduced cooking time, water absorption and cooked firmness while stickiness and cooking loss were increased, especially using TSEP. LPI made the dried pasta more red and yellow and decreased brightness. The percentage of starch digested under in vitro conditions was reduced using 17%LPI with TSEP and 30%LPI with SSEP compared vs. control. Microscopy revealed changes in structure by LPI which may explain impacts on technological properties and digestion. Inclusion of LPI in pasta represents a potential approach for a low‐cost improvement of nutritional value of spaghetti and potentially reducing its starch digestibility.
Analysis of the difference in pulse oxygen saturation between the ventral and dorsal fingers
Authors: Zhen Yanjie , Zhu Junyu , Liu Lan , Wang Boli , Wang Lihong , Cui Wei , Liu Demin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the effect of different probe placements on the ventral and dorsal sides of the same finger using pulse oxygen saturation monitoring.MethodsThis clinical trial used a convenience sampling method in patients admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University. We enrolled 1330 patients from March to July 2018, including patients who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit (n = 258) and in the general ward (n = 1072). Pulse oxygen saturation measurements obtained from the ventral and dorsal sides of the same finger were compared. This work adhered to the STROBE checklist requirements.ResultsWe found that pulse oxygen saturation measurements between the dorsal and ventral sides of a finger were not affected by different fingers, disease types, the application of a ventilator, vasoactive drugs, the conscious state of the patient or the instrument model.ConclusionOur findings suggested no significant difference in saturation measurements with variation in the placement of the pulse oxygen saturation measurement instrument between the dorsal and ventral sides of a finger, regardless of illness severity. We believe that these results could simplify the monitoring procedures performed by nurses and eliminate worries concerning the inaccuracy of data because of varied probe positions.
The repercussions of perceived threat from COVID‐19 on the mental health of actively employed nurses
Authors: Gázquez Linares José Jesús , Molero Jurado María del Mar , Martos Martínez África , Jiménez‐Rodríguez Diana , Pérez‐Fuentes María del Carmen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the confrontation with the COVID‐19 pandemic, threat perceived by the nursing population, and its association with sociodemographic and contextual characteristics, must be measured and evaluated as well as their repercussions on their mental health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyse the repercussion of perceived threat from COVID‐19 on the mental health of actively employed nurses, considering a COVID‐19 diagnosis, whether their own or of someone close to them. The sample was comprised of 351 nurses. Sociodemographic data were collected, and the Questionnaire on Perception of Threat from COVID‐19 and the General Health Questionnaire were administered. The three demographic and contextual variables mentioned were related to mental health, mediated in some symptoms by perceived threat. These results provide important information for implementing measures or psychoeducational programs for nurses, essential in the present pandemic for improving psychological adaptation and reducing the effects on their mental health.
Material constraint‐based laser performance estimation of Yb3+‐doped phosphate fibers
Authors: Yan Sasa , Chen Liang , Du Ying , Tao Yiting , Zhang Lei , Feng Suya , Zhou Qinling , Chen Danping , Zhang Liyan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBased on the material properties of 47 Yb3+‐doped phosphate fibers with different sizes and lengths, a laser performance estimation model was established to estimate the laser wavelength just above the threshold (λth), the laser threshold (Pth), and the laser slope efficiency (η). This model was solved via a numerical computing method with an accuracy of 0.01. Under the material constraints of this model, λth, Pth, and η were investigated by sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo numerical simulation. The results show that short fibers with a small core diameter may more easily produce a shorter λth. Additionally, for constant material properties, fibers with a longer λth may have a lower Pth and higher η than other fibers. Verifying the above conjecture, an output power of 8.7 W with 35% enhancement in slope efficiency was obtained from an optimized phosphate fiber for an optical path in which the output of the short‐wave laser was inhibited. This model can be extended to simulate the lasing wavelength of multi‐composition fibers, providing a theoretical basis for special laser bands, laser material preparation, and fiber structure design.
Predictive and prognostic significance of tumour subtype, SSTR1‐5 and e‐cadherin expression in a well‐defined cohort of patients with acromegaly
Authors: Soukup Jiri , Hornychova Helena , Manethova Monika , Michalova Kvetoslava , Michnova Ludmila , Popovska Lenka , Skarkova Veronika , Cesak Tomas , Netuka David , Ryska Ales , Cap Jan , Hána Václav , Hána Václav , Kršek Michal , Dvořáková Eva , Krčma Michal , Lazurova Ivica , Olšovská Věra , Starý Karel , Vaňuga Peter , Gabalec Filip 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn somatotroph pituitary tumours, somatostatin analogue (SSA) therapy outcomes vary throughout the studies. We performed an analysis of cohort of patients with acromegaly from the Czech registry to identify new prognostic and predictive factors. Clinical data of patients were collected, and complex immunohistochemical assessment of tumour samples was performed (SSTR1‐5, dopamine D2 receptor, E‐cadherin, AIP). The study included 110 patients. In 31, SSA treatment outcome was evaluated. Sparsely granulated tumours (SGST) differed from the other subtypes in expression of SSTR2A, SSTR3, SSTR5 and E‐cadherin and occurred more often in young. No other clinical differences were observed. Trouillas grading system showed association with age, tumour size and SSTR2A expression. Factors significantly associated with SSA treatment outcome included age, IGF1 levels, tumour size and expression of E‐cadherin and SSTR2A. In the group of SGST, poor SSA response was observed in younger patients with larger tumours, lower levels of SSTR2A and higher Ki67. We observed no relationship with expression of other proteins including AIP. No predictive value of E‐cadherin was observed when tumour subtype was considered. Multiple additional factors apart from SSTR2A expression can predict treatment outcome in patients with acromegaly.
The influence of emotional contexts on mental flexibility in Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Chevalère J. , Camblats A.‐M. , Laurier V. , Mourre F. , Estival S. , Postal V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe present study investigated the influence of emotional contexts on mental flexibility in adults with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) using a voluntary task‐switching paradigm that was implemented with emotionally valenced pictures. The study aims were to assess whether adults with PWS have impaired switching abilities, whether the deficit is specific to PWS or linked to intellectual disabilities, and the influence of emotional contexts on performance.MethodThe task‐switching performance of 30 adults with PWS was compared with that of 30 healthy adults matched on chronological age, and to that of 30 adults with intellectual disabilities but without PWS, matched on intellectual quotient level and chronological age. Indicators of switching performance were switching cost and repetition bias. Emotional contexts were operationalised with positive, neutral and negative task‐irrelevant pictures.ResultsAdults with PWS showed a large increase in switching costs compared with the two control groups, and this effect did not vary across emotional contexts. More fine‐tuned examination revealed subtle performance modulations: negative contexts tended to increase the repetition bias in all three groups while positive contexts slowed down global performance in PWS.ConclusionsThe results confirmed previous studies, showing impaired switching abilities in PWS over and beyond the influence of intellectual level, but revealed no robust variations in switching deficits across emotional contexts.
Spanish Regulation of Biobanks
Authors: Nicolás Pilar 
Published: January 2021

Spain occupies an area of 504.645 km, and it has a population of 46.5 million people, out of which 4,538,503 are immigrants. Life expectancy is 82.5 years (85.5 for females and 79.5 for males). Its economy grew 1.4 % in 1014. Its current Constitution was enacted in 1978. It has been part of the European Union since 1986.Spain is a social and democratic state subject to the rule of law. Liberty, justice, equality, and political pluralism are the highest values of the legal order of the rule of law. Spain is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government. The legislative power rests upon two chambers: the Congress and Senate. The government exercises the executive powers and the regulatory powers. There have been six presidents since 1978 from all parties, socialist, centrist, and conservative. The judicial power rests upon the courts and tribunals established by law.
Free in the mountains or home in the vineyard: Institutional changes in agriculture and negotiating between contract farm labour and valuable fungi collection in Tibet
Authors: Galipeau Brendan A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper evaluates how Tibetan farming communities choose between two methods of livelihood production: working as labourers on vineyard land they have leased to a French winery or collecting valuable fungi. I argue new transnational land and labour management, as part of institutional rearrangements in land tenure, are leading to significant changes with mixed benefits for rural farming communities. These communities respond by seasonally seeking freedom from capitalist labour and returning to communal forms of income production based around community land tenure and common‐pool resources. Although villagers have become contracted labour, they choose to escape this new agricultural work in the mountains, collecting fungi together as a community. The common‐pool land on which fungi are collected is also managed for access in a specific way by and for the community. Contrary to agricultural labour for the winery, fungi collection creates a chance for people to interact once again more as a cohesive community as they once did in their fields by collecting a commodity from land controlled by the community. The disembedding of one section of the economy has thus in a way reinforced the embeddedness of social relations in another as a coping mechanism for the former.