bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Driving with Tic Disorders: An International Survey of Lived Experiences
Authors: Fernández de la Cruz Lorena , Ringberg Helene , Anderson Seonaid , Stern Jeremy S. , Mataix‐Cols David 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundLittle is known about the lived experiences of individuals with tic disorders when driving vehicles or trying to obtain a driving license.ObjectiveTo survey the driving‐related experiences of adults with tic disorders.MethodsA global survey was disseminated via social media, international patient organizations, and experts between April 27, 2020 and July 20, 2020.ResultsParticipants were 228 adult individuals self‐reporting a confirmed diagnosis of Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder. Of these, 183 (87.7%) had a driver's license. A minority (9%) reported that they had found it hard to pass the driving test. Tics only interfered with driving “a bit” (58.5%) or “not at all” (33%). A majority of participants reported being able to suppress their tics (39.5%) or that their tics are unchanged (28.5%) while driving. Nearly half of the participants (46.5%) had been involved in accidents, but only a negligible percentage (3.2%) considered that these were linked to the tics. Participants without a driver's license (n = 28, 12.3%) reported significantly more severe tics, compared to those with a license. The majority of these (60.7%) identified their tics as the main reason for not having a license and 64.3% said that they would like to receive support to obtain one.ConclusionsThe majority of surveyed participants with chronic tic disorders reported minimal difficulties with driving. However, a non‐negligible minority of more severe cases struggle with driving or refrain from driving altogether and would benefit from additional support. The results have implications for clinicians and vehicle licensing agencies.
A Novel SNCA A30G Mutation Causes Familial Parkinsonʼs Disease
Authors: Liu Hui , Koros Christos , Strohäker Timo , Schulte Claudia , Bozi Maria , Varvaresos Stefanos , Ibáñez de Opakua Alain , Simitsi Athina Maria , Bougea Anastasia , Voumvourakis Konstantinos , Maniati Matina , Papageorgiou Sokratis G. , Hauser Ann‐Kathrin , Becker Stefan , Zweckstetter Markus , Stefanis Leonidas , Gasser Thomas 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe SNCA gene encoding α‐synuclein (αSyn) is the first gene identified to cause autosomal‐dominant Parkinsonʼs disease (PD).ObjectiveWe report the identification of a novel heterozygous A30G mutation of the SNCA gene in familial PD and describe clinical features of affected patients, genetic findings, and functional consequences.MethodsWhole exome sequencing was performed in the discovery family proband. Restriction digestion with Bbvl was used to screen SNCA A30G in two validation cohorts. The Greek cohort included 177 familial PD probands, 109 sporadic PD cases, and 377 neurologically healthy controls. The German cohort included 136 familial PD probands, 380 sporadic PD cases, and 116 neurologically healthy controls. We also conducted haplotype analysis using 13 common single nucleotide variants around A30G to determine the possibility of a founder effect for A30G. We then used biophysical methods to characterize A30G αSyn.ResultsWe identified a novel SNCA A30G (GRCh37, Chr4:90756730, c.89 C>G) mutation that co‐segregated with the disease in five affected individuals of three Greek families and was absent from controls. A founder effect was strongly suggested by haplotype analysis. The A30G mutation had a local effect on the intrinsically disordered structure of αSyn, slightly perturbed membrane binding, and promoted fibril formation.ConclusionBased on the identification of A30G co‐segregating with the disease in three families, the absence of the mutation in controls and population databases, and the observed functional effects, we propose SNCA A30G as a novel causative mutation for familial PD. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Evaluating a Permeable-Style Fish Barrier to Prevent the Upstream Recolonization of Nonnative Trout during an Eradication Project
Authors: Thompson Paul D. , McKell Matthew D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the western United States, the introduction of nonnative Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis has had deleterious effects on native Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii subspecies, and often their populations must be controlled or removed if Cutthroat Trout are to persist. Man-made fish migration barriers are integral components of stream restoration projects, and typical designs are intended to be permanent and to funnel water over a drop and onto a splash pad. The water elevation drop and the splash pad, which prevents a jumping pool, are mechanisms intended to prevent fish from navigating upstream past the structure. In this study, we installed a temporary, permeable-style barrier that was designed to have water flow onto and through a horizontal, expanded steel panel. When fish attempted to move upstream, they would follow the water flow and end up underneath the barrier, with no opportunity to move further. The permeable barrier proved effective in preventing the upstream movement of Brook Trout, and additional advantages to this barrier style included straightforward permitting, low cost, ease of installation, and quick removal. The main disadvantage was the periodic cleaning (average of 7 trips/year) that was required to maintain its intended function. The permeable barrier separated stream reaches for 5 years, allowing biologists to (1) eradicate Brook Trout upstream through multiple-pass backpack electrofishing while preserving native Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii bouvieri and (2) apply a successful piscicide treatment below the barrier.
Ethical Aspects of Artificially Administered Nutrition and Hydration: An ASPEN Position Paper
Authors: Schwartz Denise Baird , Barrocas Albert , Annetta Maria Giuseppina , Stratton Kathleen , McGinnis Carol , Hardy Gil , Wong Theodoric , Arenas Diego , Turon‐Findley Mary Pat , Kliger Rubén Gustavo , Corkins Kelly Green , Mirtallo Jay , Amagai Teruyoshi , Guenter Peggi ,   ASPEN International Clinical Ethics Position Paper Update Workgroup
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) Position Paper focus is on applying the 4 ethical principles for clinician's decision‐making in the use of artificially administered nutrition and hydration (AANH) for adult and pediatric patients. These basic principles are (1) autonomy, respect the patient's healthcare preferences; (2) beneficence, provide healthcare in the best interest of the patient; (3) nonmaleficence, do no harm; and (4) justice, provide all individuals a fair and appropriate distribution of healthcare resources. Preventing and resolving ethical dilemmas is addressed, with an emphasis on a collaborative, interdisciplinary approach. Optimizing early communication and promoting advance care planning, involving completion of an advance directive, including designation of a surrogate decision‐maker, are encouraged. Clinicians achieve respect for autonomy when they incorporate the patient, family, community, country, geographical, and presumed cultural values and religious belief considerations into ethical decision‐making for adults and children with a shared decision‐making process. These discussions should be guided by the 4 ethical principles. Hospital committees and teams, limited‐time trials, clinician obligation with conflicts, and forgoing of AANH are addressed. Specific patient conditions are addressed because of the concern for potential ethical issues: coma, decreased consciousness, and dementia; advanced dementia; cancer; eating disorders; and end‐stage disease/terminal illness. Incorporated in the Position Paper are ethical decisions during a pandemic and a legal summary involving ethical issues. International authors presented the similarities and differences within their own country or region and compared them with the US perspective.
Factors affecting preregistered nurses' willingness to serve in geriatric long‐term care
Authors: Hsieh Pei‐Lun , Chen Ching‐Min , Chen Hsiao‐Mei , Yang Fu‐Chi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimRapidly ageing population leads to increased demands for long‐term care. Taiwan's preparation for its ageing population focuses on engaging healthcare professionals. This study explored pre‐registered nurses’ current knowledge, experience in geriatric long‐term care (GLTC) and willingness to serve in GLTC.DesignA cross‐sectional survey design and a self‐developed structured questionnaire were used.MethodsA probability proportionate to size sampling strategy was used to collect data from students in junior college and bachelor of nursing science programmes in Taiwan in 2017. Multiple regression was adopted to predict significant factors that influence nursing students’ willingness to serve in GLTC.ResultsThe willingness to serve in GLTC was positively correlated with their experience of living with older adults, practicum experience, taking GLTC‐related courses and interest in GLTC. Willingness to serve older/disabled patients can be enhanced through school courses and practicum experiences, indicating the importance of GLTC‐related courses in the training of the professional nursing workforce.
Effects of age and sex on eye movement characteristics
Authors: Takahashi Junichi , Miura Kenichiro , Morita Kentaro , Fujimoto Michiko , Miyata Seiko , Okazaki Kosuke , Matsumoto Junya , Hasegawa Naomi , Hirano Yoji , Yamamori Hidenaga , Yasuda Yuka , Makinodan Manabu , Kasai Kiyoto , Ozaki Norio , Onitsuka Toshiaki , Hashimoto Ryota 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAbnormal eye movements are often associated with psychiatric disorders. Eye movements are sensorimotor functions of the brain, and aging and sex would affect their characteristics. A precise understanding of normal eye movements is required to distinguish disease‐related abnormalities from natural differences associated with aging or sex. To date, there is no multicohort study examining age‐related dependency and sex effects of eye movements in healthy, normal individuals using large samples to ensure the robustness and reproducibility of the results. In this study, we aimed to provide findings showing the impact of age and sex on eye movement measures. The present study used eye movement measures of more than seven hundred healthy individuals from three large independent cohorts. We herein evaluated eye movement measures quantified by using a set of standard eye movement tests that have been utilized for the examination of patients with schizophrenia. We assessed the statistical significance of the effects of age and sex and its reproducibility across cohorts. We found that 4‐18 out of 35 eye movement measures were significantly correlated with age, depending on the cohort, and that 10 of those, which are related to the fixation and motor control of smooth pursuit and saccades, showed high reproducibility. On the other hand, the effects of sex, if any, were less reproducible. The present results suggest that we should take age into account when we evaluate abnormalities in eye movements.
An investigation of the elastic properties of viscoelastic clusters of particles: A comparison between two methods
Authors: Kolomiets Alexander , Jirout Tomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMost industrial process lines involve mixing complex dispersions, which can include non‐Newtonian liquids and viscoelastic particles. Knowledge of the parameters of these components may provide a key for understanding how dispersions are formed and how equipment should be designed. One parameter is the shear modulus, which describes the ability of particles to resist mechanical stresses. This parameter may play the main role in the mixing process, when a dispersion is formed by the mechanical influence of a rotor (slice or shear in a rotor‐stator mixer). In this work, two methods were chosen for measuring the shear modulus: the evaluation method, based on the Warner‐Bratzler cut test, and the oscillatory method. Both methods were used for measuring viscoelastic clusters of particles, and the results were adjusted for the purposes of the comparison. The comparison shows that the shear modulus values obtained from Warner‐Bratzler are higher than the values obtained from the oscillatory test for the same conditions. This difference can be explained by differences in the mechanical processes during the experiments.
Synthesis of TKX‐50 via 2‐Methoxyisopropyl‐Protected Diazidoglyoxime as an Insensitive Intermediate
Authors: Ha Heun‐Jong , Kim Bora , Kwon Kuktae , Kim Seung Hee , Cho Chang‐Woo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA safe synthesis of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′‐bistetrazole‐1,1′‐diolate (TKX‐50) has been achieved by using 2‐methoxyisopropyl‐protected diazidoglyoxime (MIP‐DAzG) as an insensitive intermediate. The MIP group acted as a protecting group, which was quantitatively introduced into dichloroglyoxime without the need for any additives, and effectively removed during the course of the cyclization reaction used to construct the 5,5′‐bistetrazole‐1,1′‐diol moiety under acidic conditions. Notably, the sensitivity results obtained for MIP‐DAzG were significantly lower than those of the DAzG intermediate used in the previously reported synthesis of TKX‐50. Furthermore, the sensitivity studies on MIP‐DAzG indicated that the sensitivity of protected DAzG was affected by the steric hindrance around the hydroxyl group in DAzG caused by the protecting group.
Investigating the nexus between energy, economic growth, and environmental quality: A road map for the sustainable development
Authors: Khan Syed Abdul Rehman , Godil Danish Iqbal , Quddoos Muhammad Umer , Yu Zhang , Akhtar Muhammad Hanif , Liang Zijing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis endeavor explores the nexus between health expenditure, consumption of renewable energy, economic growth, and the quality of the environment in 10 central European nations from 2005 to 2018 utilizing the techniques of fully generalized least square (FGLS) and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation. The outcomes reveal the significant association between health, economic, and environmental factors with green energy utilization. The utilization of fossil fuels negatively influences the quality of the environment and boosts the risk of several diseases associated with the undernourishment and respiratory system and thus increases the death ratio. Furthermore, the utilization of operations based on renewable energy usage exerts a substantial favorable influence upon residents of Central European (CE) nations and thus helps decrease health and pollution‐related expenses. So, there needs to be a collaboration among all the stakeholders so that green growth in the service and industrial sectors can be achieved.
Topological Assembly of a Deployable Hoberman Flight Ring from DNA
Authors: Li Ruixin , Chen Haorong , Choi Jong Hyun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDeployable geometries are finite auxetic structures that preserve their overall shapes during expansion and contraction. The topological behaviors emerge from intricately arranged elements and their connections. Despite the considerable utility of such configurations in nature and in engineering, deployable nanostructures have never been demonstrated. Here a deployable flight ring, a simplified planar structure of Hoberman sphere is shown, using DNA origami. The DNA flight ring consists of topologically assembled six triangles in two layers that can slide against each other, thereby switching between two distinct (open and closed) states. The origami topology is a trefoil knot, and its auxetic reconfiguration results in negative Poisson's ratios. This work shows the feasibility of deployable nanostructures, providing a versatile platform for topological studies and opening new opportunities for bioengineering.
Comparison of Four Hard Structures Including Otoliths for Estimating Age in Blue Suckers
Authors: Radford Dakota S. , Lackmann Alec R. , Moody‐Carpenter Cassi J. , Colombo Robert E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Blue Sucker Cycleptus elongatus is an imperiled North American catostomid in need of management and protection. No hard structures are validated for aging this species, but past studies focused on somatic structures such as fin rays and scales. Calculated parameters (mortality, recruitment, growth) that inform management decisions are directly influenced by the accuracy and precision of the hard structure used to estimate age. We identify the most precise and credible structure with which to age Blue Suckers while also completing the first in‐depth investigation of their otoliths. We collected Blue Suckers (n = 168) from the lower Wabash River and compared ages estimated from scales, opercles, pectoral fin rays, and lapillus otoliths but were unsuccessful in estimating ages from cleithra. We identified structure bias between all structures and found scales (n = 67; maximum = 11 years, mean = 8.2 years) and opercles (n = 65; maximum = 15 years, mean = 8.3 years) to be substantially less precise than pectoral fin rays and lapillus otoliths. We found that otoliths (n = 128; maximum = 42 years, mean = 13.5 years) were more precise than fin rays (n = 167; maximum = 20 years, mean = 9.6 years) and yielded a much higher range of ages. We could not identify any range of ages or total lengths in which (nonlethal) fin ray age could be accurately corrected to (lethal) otolith age. Thin‐sectioned otoliths are the gold standard for aging most fishes, including numerous age‐validated catostomids, and the credibility of Blue Sucker otolith age estimates was additionally supported by a strong correlation between whole lapillus mass and estimated age (R2 = 0.89). Overall, evidence indicates that Blue Sucker lapillus otoliths yield more precise and credible age estimates than other hard structures.
Applications of Fusarium solani YMM20 in bioremediation of heavy metals via enhancing extracellular green synthesis of nanoparticles
Authors: Mohammed Youssef M. M. , Khedr Yasser I. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA novel technique for removing metals from water, by converting them into nanoparticles using the culture filtrate of Fusarium solani YMM20, followed by their removal by centrifugation was developed in this study. It is a promising, simple, and eco‐friendly process for the bioremediation of wastewater. This method is built on the reduction of metal ions by cell‐free fungal filtrate protein(s). The chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles were used as adsorbents for the removal of Cu2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, and Fe2+, separately. In addition, fungal filtrate and chitosan nanoparticles loaded with fungal filtrate were used for the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles of Cu2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, and Fe2+, separately for their removal. The fungal filtrate approach has the highest metal removal (%) for most metals. Among the six metal ions, the fungal filtrate, chitosan nanoparticles loaded with fungal filtrate, chitosan, and chitosan nanoparticles showed the highest removal (%) for Pb2+ and the lowest removal (%) for Co2+. Techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Zeta potential measurements were used to characterize the obtained nanoparticles. The average size of the spherical nanoparticles observed by transmission electron microscopy was from 18.938 ± 2.269 nm to 60.175 ± 4.973 nm.
Wilson loops in circular quiver SCFTs at strong coupling
Authors: Ouyang Hao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We study circular BPS Wilson loops in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal n-node quiver theories at large N and strong ’t Hooft coupling by using localization. We compute the expectation values of Wilson loops in the limit when the ’t Hooft couplings are hierarchically different and when they are nearly equal. Based on these results, we make a conjecture for arbitrary strong couplings.
Amplitudes in fishnet theories in diverse dimensions and box ladder diagrams
Authors: Bork L. V. , Iakhibbaev R. M. , Muzhichkov N. B. , Sozinov E. S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We investigate properties of four-point colour ordered scattering amplitudes in D = 6 fishnet CFT. We show that these amplitudes are related via a very simple relation to their D = 4 counterparts previously considered in the literature. Exploiting this relation, we obtain a closed expression for these amplitudes and investigate its behaviour at weak and strong coupling. As a by product of this investigation, we also obtain a generating function for on-shell D = 6 Box ladder diagrams with l rungs.
A new approach with new solutions to the Matkowski and Wesołowski problem
Authors: Morawiec Janusz , Zürcher Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBased on a result of de Rham, we give a family of functions solving the Matkowski and Wesołowski problem. This family consists of Hölder continuous functions, and it coincides with the whole family of solutions to the Matkowski and Wesołowski problem found earlier by a different method. Moreover, applying some results due to Hata and Yamaguti and due to Berg and Krüppel, we prove that there are functions solving the Matkowski and Wesołowski problem that are not Hölder continuous.
Matrix models for $$\varvec{\varepsilon }$$-free independence
Authors: Charlesworth Ian , Collins Benoît 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigate tensor products of random matrices, and show that independence of entries leads asymptotically to$$\varepsilon $$ε-free independence, a mixture of classical and free independence studied by Młotkowski and by Speicher and Wysoczański. The particular$$\varepsilon $$εarising is prescribed by the tensor product structure chosen, and conversely, we show that with suitable choices an arbitrary$$\varepsilon $$εmay be realized in this way. As a result, we obtain a new proof that$$\mathcal {R}^\omega $$Rω-embeddability is preserved under graph products of von Neumann algebras, along with an explicit recipe for constructing matrix models.
(Non-)Distributivity of the product for $$\sigma $$-algebras with respect to the intersection
Authors: Steinicke Alexander 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study the validity of the distributivity equation $$\begin{aligned} ({\mathcal {A}}\otimes {\mathcal {F}})\cap ({\mathcal {A}}\otimes {\mathcal {G}}) ={\mathcal {A}}\otimes \left( {\mathcal {F}}\cap {\mathcal {G}}\right) , \end{aligned}$$

(
A
⊗
F
)

∩

(
A
⊗
G
)

=
A
⊗

F
∩
G

,

where $${\mathcal {A}}$$
A
is a $$\sigma $$
σ
-algebra on a set X, and $${\mathcal {F}}, {\mathcal {G}}$$

F
,
G

are $$\sigma $$
σ
-algebras on a set U. We present a counterexample for the general case and in the case of countably generated subspaces of analytic measurable spaces, we give an equivalent condition in terms of the $$\sigma $$
σ
-algebras’ atoms. Using this, we give a sufficient condition under which distributivity holds.