bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine and cisplatin after surgery in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter randomized phase III trial
Authors: Shim Young Mog , Yun Jeonghee , Im Young-Hyuck , Lee Genehee , Kang Danbee , Cho Juhee , Kim Kwhanmien , Park Seung-Il , Na Kook Joo , Kim Sung-bae , Zo Jae Ill 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There is limited evidence for the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aimed to assess whether adjuvant capecitabine and cisplatin improve survival compared to surgery alone among patients with locally advanced ESCC. This is a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Patients were eligible if they underwent curative resection for ESCC staged T2–4 or N1 and M0 according to the TNM cancer staging system sixth edition. The intervention group received four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (capecitabine: 1,000 mg/m 2 b.i.d for 14 days, and intravenous cisplatin: 75 mg/m2 at day 1, every 3 weeks). A total of 136 patients were randomly assigned to either the adjuvant chemotherapy group (n = 68) or surgery-alone group (n = 68). Seven patients who rejected chemotherapy after randomization were excluded from the final analysis. The cumulative incidence of recurrence within 18 months after surgery was significantly lower in the adjuvant chemotherapy group than in the surgery-alone group (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25–0.95]. However, the 5- and 10-year disease-free survival did not differ between treatment groups (HR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.53–1.34 and HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.50–1.18, respectively). Adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection in patients with locally advanced ESCC reduced early recurrence but had no statistically significant increase in the long-term disease-free survival. Due to the limited sample size of this study, additional randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are necessary.
Hybrid cardiac imaging-guided optimal management of right anomalous coronary artery origin from the opposite sinus with interarterial course (R-ACAOS): a case report
Authors: Jin Cai De , Kim Moo Hyun , Jin Xuan , Park Kyungil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Determining the optimal management of right anomalous coronary artery from the opposite sinus (R-ACAOS) with an interarterial course (IAC) in middle-aged adults remains elusive. Hybrid cardiac imaging combining non-invasive and invasive approaches to identify high-risk anatomic features, as well as functional testing to assess potential ischaemic status by dynamic compression, can guide therapeutic decisions.

Case summary
A 65-year-old female was newly diagnosed with R-ACAOS with IAC, accompanied by suspected angina and two syncope episodes. She was initially considered as non-specific chest pain based on negative treadmill test (TMT) taken 10 years earlier. An anomaly of R-ACAOS with IAC travelling between the aorta and pulmonary artery was detected by coronary computed tomography angiography with a severe stenosis at the ostium, but with little evidence of atherosclerotic plaque. Exercise test (TMT) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) results were negative. Invasive imaging revealed a luminal area stenosis of 45% at the ostial right coronary artery, and a slit-like orifice anatomical feature, with a minimal lumen area of 5.81 mm2 at diastole determined by intravascular ultrasound. Based on hybrid cardiac imaging results and previous data from a case series, conservative management was recommended with strenuous exercise restrictions. The patient fared well during 12 months of follow-up after discharge.

Discussion
Hybrid cardiac imaging-guided conservative management including exercise restriction appears justifiable in such middle-aged adults with R-ACAOS accompanied by suspected angina in absence of ischaemia in stress-induced tests (TMT or SPECT), despite high-risk anatomical features of an IAC and slit-like orifice being present.
Outcomes after catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia without implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in selected patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gandjbakhch Estelle , Laredo Mikael , Berruezo Antonio , Gourraud Jean-Basptiste , Sellal Jean-Marc , Martins Raphael , Sacher Frederic , Pison Laurent , Pruvot Etienne , Jáuregui Beatriz , Frontera Antonio , Kumar Saurabh , Wong Tom , DellaBella Paolo , Maury Philippe 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
The roles of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RCA) in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and well-tolerated monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (MVT) are debated. In this multicentre retrospective study, we aimed at reporting the outcome of selected patients with ARVC after RCA without a back-up ICD.

Methods and results
Patients with ARVC who underwent RCA of well-tolerated MVT at 10 tertiary centres across 5 countries, without an ICD before and 3 months after RCA, without syncope or electrical storm, and with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50% were included. In total, 65 ARVC patients [mean age 44.5 ± 13.2 years, 78% males] underwent RCA of MVT between 2003 and 2016. Clinical presentation was palpitations in 51 (80%) patients. One (2%) patient had &gt;1 clinical MVT. At the ablative procedure, clinical MVTs (mean rate 185 ± 32 b.p.m.) were inducible in 50 (81%) patients. Epicardial ablation was performed in 19 (29%) patients. Complete acute success was achieved in 47 (72%) patients. After a median follow-up of 52.4 months (range 12.3–171.4), there was no death or aborted cardiac arrest, and VT recurred in 19 (29%) patients. Survival without VT recurrence was estimated at 88%, 80%, and 68%, 12, 36, and 60 months after RCA, respectively, and was significantly associated with the approach and the procedural outcome.

Conclusion
In patients with ARVC, well-tolerated MVT without a back-up ICD did not lead to fatal arrhythmic event after RCA despite VT recurrences in some. Our data suggest that RCA may be an alternative to ICD in selected ARVC patients.
Genome assemblies of three closely related leaf beetle species (Galerucella spp.)
Authors: Yang Xuyue , Slotte Tanja , Dainat Jacques , Hambäck Peter A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Galerucella (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a leaf beetle genus that has been extensively used for ecological and evolutionary studies. It has also been used as biological control agent against invading purple loosestrife in North America, with large effects on biodiversity. Here, we report genome assembly and annotation of three closely related Galerucella species: G. calmariensis, G. pusilla, and G. tenella. The three assemblies have a genome size ranging from 460 to 588 Mbp, with N50 from 31,588 to 79,674 kbp, containing 29,202 to 40,929 scaffolds. Using an ab initio evidence-driven approach, 30,302 to 33,794 protein-coding genes were identified and functionally annotated. These draft genomes will contribute to the understanding of host-parasitoid interactions, evolutionary comparisons of leaf beetle species and future population genomics studies.
Anti-obesity public health advertisements increase risk factors for the development of eating disorders
Authors: Bristow Claire , Allen Kelly-Ann , Simmonds Janette , Snell Tristan , McLean Louise 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Although overweight and obesity are increasing in prevalence, eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder are simultaneously on the rise. It is important to address the burden of disease of overweight and obesity on the population, yet there is concern that some of these efforts may be encouraging unhealthy weight control behaviours (UWCB). Using an online survey, 137 participants were exposed to four anti-obesity public health advertisements presented in random order. Weight satisfaction, shape satisfaction, desire to control weight, desire to control shape and desire to engage in UWCB were measured on a 100-point visual analogue scale. A significant effect of the experimental condition was found after exposure to Image 1 with a decrease in weight satisfaction, and increased desire to control body weight, body shape and engage in UWCB. Mean scores for UWCB also increased, on average, across all four image conditions. Public health advertisements targeting obesity risk encouraging unhealthy weight control and subsequent disordered eating behaviours. Those responsible for the implementation of such advertisements must consider very carefully the potential to cause unintended harm.
Resource partitioning between fisheries and endangered sharks in a tropical marine food web
Authors: Márquez-Velásquez Viviana , Navia Andrés F , Rosa Ricardo S , Guimarães Paulo R , Raimundo Rafael L G 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFisheries can act as top predators and affect marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning via their target species. We studied a coastal food web in the Pacific Ocean that is modular and encompasses 360 species and small- and large-scale fisheries. Small-scale fisheries (SSF), two hammerhead sharks, one stingray, and one flatfish species are network hubs, interacting with multiple species among and within trophic levels (TLs) and modules. SSF and endangered hammerhead sharks act as hyper-hubs, which are network hubs preying on other network hubs and likely imposing widespread top-down effects. Hyper-hubs have two consequences to network structure. First, they show low dietary overlap, connecting the network in complementary ways. Second, they have overlapping indirect interactions, suggesting they can strongly affect each other. Simulations assuming distinct fishery regulations and species extinctions of different TLs and topological roles did not change network structure but redefined hub identity. We hypothesize that competition shapes resource partitioning between fisheries and hammerhead sharks. Our findings suggest that ecosystem-level strategies informed by network approaches can optimize investments to conserve marine ecosystems and ensure food security over coastal areas in the developing world.
Multidecadal daily resolved growth increments reveal climate effect on the growth of a highly migratory shark in the North Atlantic
Authors: Zhou Can 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSubstantial progress has been made in identifying large-scale climate effect on somatic growth through the use of ageing-based methods in aquatic environments, yet their annual/seasonal temporal resolution seems too coarse for such a fast process. Temporal resolution is a missing dimension in our understanding of climate effects on growth. Here, an alternative source of high temporal resolution growth increments embedded within a multidecadal traditional tag-recapture database was analysed to identify climate signals in the somatic growth of blue sharks Prionace glauca in the North Atlantic. Results indicate the growth response of P. glauca to the NAO occurred at a daily scale with a time-lag. Non-parametric modelling reveals an optimal response curve around the historical average of the NAO, and a significant negative response for large positive NAO anomalies. Growth predictions show that the last four decades are mostly associated with negative responses compared to the historical average. The temporal resolution of this study is unprecedented among current ageing-based studies with a comparable temporal coverage. Integrating high temporal resolution into long-term climate effect studies can open new avenues for research on identifying climate effect on growth and provide detailed clues to its mechanisms of action.
Mortality amenable to healthcare in Latin American cities: a cross-sectional study examining between-country variation in amenable mortality and the role of urban metrics
Authors: Mullachery Pricila H , Rodriguez Daniel A , Miranda J Jaime , López-Olmedo Nancy , Martinez-Folgar Kevin , Barreto Mauricio L , Diez Roux Ana V , Bilal Usama 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
This study examined the variation in city-level amenable mortality, i.e. mortality due to conditions that can be mitigated in the presence of timely and effective healthcare, in 363 Latin American cities and measured associations between amenable-mortality rates and urban metrics.

Methods
We used death records from 363 cities with populations of &gt;100 000 people in nine Latin American countries from 2010 to 2016. We calculated sex-specific age-adjusted amenable-mortality rates per 100 000. We fitted multilevel linear models with cities nested within countries and estimated associations between amenable mortality and urban metrics, including population size and growth, fragmentation of urban development and socio-economic status.

Results
Cities in Mexico, Colombia and Brazil had the highest rates of amenable mortality. Overall, &gt;70% of the variability in amenable mortality was due to between-country heterogeneity. But for preventable amenable mortality, those for which the healthcare system can prevent new cases, most of the variability in rates occurred between cities within countries. Population size and fragmentation of urban development were associated with amenable mortality. Higher fragmentation of urban development was associated with lower amenable mortality in small cities and higher amenable mortality in large cities. Population growth and higher city-level socio-economic status were associated with lower amenable mortality.

Conclusions
Most of the variability in amenable mortality in Latin American cities was due to between-county heterogeneity. However, urban metrics such as population size and growth, fragmentation of urban development and city-level socio-economic status may have a role in the distribution of amenable mortality across cities within countries.
Real-World Clinical Performance Evaluation of a Fourth-Generation HIV Antigen/Antibody Differentiation Test
Authors: Krasowski Matthew D , Wier Dustin , Smith Susan , Riedel Alexander , Lauseker-Hao Yi , Kelner Michael , Wang Sihe 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
HIV testing is still an important component of routine sexual health screening, assessment of at-risk individuals and as part of the care of pregnant women. To prevent further transmission of infection, it is important that HIV tests are highly sensitive and that positive cases are not missed. HIV serologic antigen/antibody tests are commonly used as they are capable of detecting recent and established infection.

Methods
In this study we assessed the performance of the Elecsys HIV Duo assay (Elecsys assay) against the Abbott Architect assay in 10 121 samples from US and non-US adult, pediatric, and pregnant populations including low-risk, high-risk, and known positive cohorts. Congruent repeatedly reactive and/or discrepant samples followed a confirmatory algorithm consisting of an antigen/antibody differentiation assay and a nucleic acid test, as per the study protocol.

Results
The overall sensitivity of the Elecsys assay was 100.00% (95% CI 99.81–100.00 [1977/1977]), and the specificity was 99.84% (95% CI 99.73–99.91 [8129/8142]). The Elecsys assay detected all positive samples within the study, including all 50 antigen-only positive samples and samples from different HIV subtypes, including group O, group M subtypes, HIV-2 positives, and HIV-1 and HIV-2 dual positives.

Conclusions
The Elecsys HIV Duo assay was highly sensitive for diagnosis of HIV in a range of clinical samples from the United States and outside the United States and is suitable for routine use.
Relationship between hip joint medial space ratio and collapse of femoral head in non-traumatic osteonecrosis: a retrospective study
Authors: Lin Tianye , Li Keda , Chen Weijian , Yang Peng , Zhuang Zhikun , Zhang Ying , He Wei , Zhang Qingwen , Wei Qiushi 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
To retrospectively analyze the medial space ratio (MSR) of the hip joint to evaluate its efficacy in predicting osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH)-induced collapse and its impacts on the mechanical environment of necrotic femoral head. In this retrospective analysis of traditional Chinese medicine, non-traumatic ONFH (NONFH) patients from January 2008 to December 2013 were selected. The patients were divided into collapse group and non-collapse group based on whether the femoral head collapsed. The anatomical parameters including center–edge (CE) angle, sharp angle, acetabular depth ratio and MSR were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curves were estimated to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of MSR and CE angle in collapse prediction. The results showed that 135 patients (151 hips) were included in this study. The differences in CE angle and MSR between collapse group and non-collapse group were statistically significant. The mean survival time of the hips of patients with MSR &lt;20.35 was greater (P &lt; 0.001) than that of patients with MSR &gt;20.35. The ONFH patients with MSR &gt;20.35 were prone to stress concentration. We could conclude that the hip joint MSR and CE angle strongly correlated with the collapse of NONFH. The specificity of MSR is higher than that of CE angle. When MSR is &gt;20.35, the collapse rate of ONFH will increase significantly.
Spectropolarimetry and photometry of the early afterglow of the gamma-ray burst GRB 191221B
Authors: Buckley D A H , Bagnulo S , Britto R J , Mao J , Kann D A , Cooper J , Lipunov V , Hewitt D M , Razzaque S , Kuin N P M , Monageng I M , Covino S , Jakobsson P , van der Horst A J , Wiersema K , Böttcher M , Campana S , D’Elia V , Gorbovskoy E S , Gorbunov I , Groenewald D N , Hartmann D H , Kornilov V G , Mundell C G , Podesta R , Thomas J K , Tyurina N , Vlasenko D , van Soelen B , Xu D 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We report on results of spectropolarimetry of the afterglow of the long gamma-ray burst GRB 191221B, obtained with SALT/RSS and VLT/FORS2, as well as photometry from two telescopes in the MASTER Global Robotic Network, at the MASTER-SAAO (South Africa) and MASTER-OAFA (Argentina) stations. Prompt optical emission was detected by MASTER-SAAO 38 s after the alert, which dimmed from a magnitude (white-light) of ∼10–16.2 mag over a period of ∼10 ks, followed by a plateau phase lasting ∼10 ks and then a decline to ∼18 mag after 80 ks. The light curve shows complex structure, with four or five distinct breaks in the power-law decline rate. SALT/RSS linear spectropolarimetry of the afterglow began ∼2.9 h after the burst, during the early part of the plateau phase of the light curve. Absorption lines seen at ∼6010 and 5490 Å are identified with the Mg ii 2799 Å line from the host galaxy at z = 1.15 and an intervening system located at z = 0.96. The mean linear polarization measured over 3400–8000 Å was ∼1.5 per cent and the mean equatorial position angle (θ) was ∼65°. VLT/FORS2 spectropolarimetry was obtained ∼10 h post-burst, during a period of slow decline (α = −0.44), and the polarization was measured to be p = 1.2 per cent and θ = 60°. Two observations with the MeerKAT radio telescope, taken 30 and 444 d after the GRB trigger, detected radio emission from the host galaxy only. We interpret the light curve and polarization of this long GRB in terms of a slow-cooling forward shock.
Feminist Philosophy of Social Science
Authors: Crasnow Sharon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter offers a preliminary investigation of some of the ways that feminist philosophers have and might continue to learn from, interact with, and ultimately contribute to discussions about key issues in the social sciences. It begins with a brief history of feminist engagement with the social sciences. In next turns to consideration of two areas in which feminist work has made a difference: methodology and concept critique. Feminist standpoint methodology, as used primarily by feminist sociologists, has been influential in both of these areas. The success of standpoint theory as a feminist methodology has motivated philosophical exploration of its relationship to feminist epistemology. Another area in which feminist approaches have had an impact is feminist critique of concepts. The way the objects of inquiry are conceptualized has an impact on what research questions can be answered. Concepts that are inadequate to capturing the lived experience of women may call for revision or replacement. Standpoint theory has been influential in this area as well. The chapter concludes by considering some questions raised by standpoint theory about the identity of knowers and how intersectionality may serve as an analytical tool to aid in addressing that question.
Feminism and Early Modern Philosophy
Authors: Boyle Deborah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter offers an account of the history and central issues in feminist philosophical engagements with early modern philosophy. The chapter describes a “first wave” of feminist scholarship on early modern philosophy, beginning around the 1990s, that involved examining the work of canonical male philosophers from a feminist perspective, as well as a “second wave” that focuses on the early modern women philosophers themselves. Projects involved in this second wave include (1) explaining why and how these works dropped out of view in the first place; (2) finding, editing, translating (when necessary), and publishing neglected or lost writings; (3) contextualizing, analyzing, and critiquing these works; and (4) theorizing about and experimenting with ways to integrate these works into narratives of the history of philosophy. The chapter ends with discussion of an emerging “third wave” of opportunities for publishing, presenting at conferences, and teaching about these women philosophers.
Borders and Migration
Authors: Wilcox Shelley 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Feminist philosophical approaches to migration justice typically employ nonideal methodologies and relational normative frameworks to theorize the complex relationships among intersecting social identities, structural injustice, and global migration. This chapter discusses three such feminist approaches. The first investigates the connections between structural injustice and migration policy, focusing on immigrant admissions and refugee determination. The second explores the feminization of labor migration, with an emphasis on global care chains. Finally, the third feminist approach employs intersectional methodologies to argue that specific US immigration policies work to the detriment of migrant women, particularly women of color.
Pragmatism
Authors: McKenna Erin , Hamington Maurice 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter offers an account of central issues and themes in feminist philosophical engagements with the uniquely American intellectual tradition often referred to as American pragmatism. After introducing pragmatism, the foundational feminist work and influence of Jane Addams is presented, followed by a discussion of other noteworthy contributors to feminist pragmatism. Significant themes in feminist pragmatism including race and identity, epistemology, care ethics, utopian thinking, and environmentalism are explored. The chapter addresses the extent to which feminist work has changed or entered the mainstream of the American pragmatism, as well as current and future directions of feminist pragmatism. In addition to offering a history of the development of feminist pragmatism, the chapter considers how feminism is a resource for pragmatism and how pragmatism is a resource for feminist philosophy.