bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the correlation between the serum triglyceride glucose index and the risk of death in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chi Xiaokeng , Chen Shuxin , Huang Zhe , Zhou Rong , Su Zhicheng , Mai Qiujun , Xu Yilin , Wan Jianxin 
Published: January 2025

Background
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have increased insulin resistance (IR). The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a marker of IR and is associated with the prognosis of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the TyG index and the risk of death in patients on MHD.

Methods
In a retrospective cohort analysis of 368 patients with MHD over an 11-year period from July 1, 2012, to June 30, 2023, the TyG index and other baseline characteristics were measured at the beginning of MHD treatment. A regression model was used to evaluate the correlation between the TyG index and all-cause mortality or cardiovascular mortality in patients on MHD.

Results
The TyG index was associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in MHD patients (P = 0.002 & P = 0.015). After adjusting for various confounding factors, the TyG index remained an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in MHD patients (P < 0.001 & P = 0.044). Compared with MHD patients with low TyG index levels, the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in MHD patients with high TyG index levels increased by 1.790 and 1.735 times, respectively (P = 0.006 & P = 0.022). The predictive time-AUC values of the TyG index for all-cause and cardiovascular death in MHD patients were between 0.698 to 0.819.

Conclusion
The baseline TyG index may be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in MHD patients.
Virulence Phenotype of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) and Prevalence of Colibacillosis among Poultry Birds in Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Sani Hassan Muhammad , Iliyasu Mahmud Yerima , Alhaji Suleiman Yusuf , Usman Nazeef Idris , Abdullahi Usman Sarki 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), a major cause of colibacillosis, is mainly associated with respiratory tract or systemic infections that lead to a variety of diseases. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli infections include acute fatal Septicemia, and subacute pericarditis, which are responsible for severe economic losses worldwide in the poultry industry. The study aimed to determine the virulence phenotype and prevalence of colibacillosis among poultry birds in Bauchi metropolis.
Methods: Faecal, internal organs and poultry house air samples were collected systematically from the birds in selected poultry farms within the Bauchi metropolis. APEC was isolated and characterized using standard phenotypic conventional microbiological techniques.
Results: The study found that colibacillosis is caused by virulent strain of APEC with Haemolysin (59.6%) and type 1 fimbriae (40.4%) phenotypes, with high prevalence (100%) of colibacillosis in faecal samples, indicating faeces as a significant reservoir for APEC and a potential source of transmission. A moderate correlation (0.592) was observed among sample types. The occurrence of APEC was higher in faecal samples compared to internal organs. Birds with internal organ infections showed a 26.0% mortality rate, with younger (30.7%), female (69.3%), and layer birds (53.8%) being more vulnerable. The disease is more common (15.3%) in birds from the populated area of Federal low-cost housing estates in the study area. High prevalence with mortality cases was also found in younger birds (46.1%), mostly female (65.3%) and Layers (73.0%). But the highest mortality rates was observed in the adult (61.5%), Female (69.3%), and Layers (53.8%).
Conclusion: The highest Colibacillosis prevalence was recorded in faeces. The occurrence rate of APEC was higher in faeces followed by internal organs from GRA and Gida Dubu among sample locations internal organ samples showed 26% mortality, with no deaths in other birds; younger, female, and layer birds have higher APEC mortality. It is recommended that further study should be conducted to trace the phylogenetic relationship of the virulent APEC isolates in the study area with other related sequences. This study also emphasizes the need for proper diagnosis of bacteria to decrease the prevalence of Colibacillosis in the area.
Estimating snow leopard and prey populations at large spatial scales
Authors: Suryawanshi Kulbhushansingh , Reddy Abinand , Sharma Manvi , Khanyari Munib , Bijoor Ajay , Rathore Devika , Jaggi Harman , Khara Abhirup , Malgaonkar Aditya , Ghoshal Abhishek , Patel Jenis , Mishra Charudutt 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEffective management of charismatic large carnivores requires robust monitoring of their population at local, regional and global scales. While enormous progress has been made to estimate carnivore populations at local scales, estimates at regional and global scales remain elusive. In the first systematic effort at a large regional scale, we estimated the population of the elusive snow leopardPanthera unciaover an area of 26,112 km2in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.We stratified the entire snow leopard habitat in Himachal Pradesh based on an occupancy survey. Subsequently, we conducted camera trapping surveys at 10 sites distributed proportionately, that is with similar coverage probability across the three strata. We conducted simulations to understand how unidentified captures could affect our model estimate. We also assessed populations of the primary wild ungulate prey of snow leopards – blue sheepPseudois nayaurand Siberian ibexCapra sibirica.Our results yielded a mean estimated density of 0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12–0.31) snow leopards per 100 km2and population size of 51 (95% CI: 34–73) snow leopards in Himachal Pradesh. The density estimates for individual sites ranged from 0.08 to 0.37 snow leopards per 100 km2. Simulations showed that unidentified snow leopard captures did not seem to affect the accuracy of our model estimate but could have affected the precision. Wild ungulate prey density ranged from 0.11 to 1.09 per km2. Snow leopard density showed a positive linear relationship with prey density (slope = 0.25,SE = 0.08,P = 0.01,R2 = 0.51).Our study shows the earlier opinion‐based estimate for Himachal Pradesh to have been significantly positively biased. Using occupancy surveys to stratify large areas in order to design camera trap surveys addresses one of the common spatial sampling biases, that is limited sampling of only prime snow leopard habitats. Our work validates two‐step approach recommended in the ongoing initiative of the 12 snow leopard range countries for Population Assessment of World's Snow leopards (PAWS program), and cautions against the use of opinion‐based estimates for assessing the status of species of critical conservation importance.
Silk‐Based Bioengineered Diaphyseal Cortical Bone Unit Enclosing an Implantable Bone Marrow toward Atrophic Nonunion Grafting
Authors: Moses Joseph Christakiran , Dey Souradeep , Bandyopadhyay Ashutosh , Agarwala Manoj , Mandal Biman B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPostnatal fracture healing of atrophic long bone diaphyseal nonunions remains a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Paucity of autologous spongiosa has potentiated the use of tissue engineered bone grafts to improve success rates of bone marrow engraftment used in plate reosteosynthesis. Herein, the development and in vitro validation of a “sandwich‐type” biofabricated diaphyseal cross‐sectional unit, with an outer mechanically robust bioprinted cortical bone shell, encompassing an engineered bone marrow, are reported. Channelized silk fibroin blend sponges derived from Bombyx mori and Antheraea assama help in developing compartmentalized endosteum, exhibiting specialized osteoblasts (endosteal niche) and discontinuous endothelium (vascular niche). The cellular cross‐talk between these two niches triggered via integrin‐mediated cell adhesion, enables in preserving quiescence state of CD34+/CD38− hematopoietic stem cells and their recycling in the engineered marrow. The outer cortical bone strut is developed through multimaterial microextrusion bioprinting strategy. Osteogenically primed mesenchymal stem cells‐laden silk fibroin–nano‐hydroxyapatite bioink is bioprinted alongside paramagnetic Fe‐doped bioactive glass–polycaprolactone blend thermoplastic ink, reinforcing it for mechanical stability. Pulsed magnetic field actuation positively influences the osteogenic commitment and maturation of the bioprinted constructs via mechanotransductory route. Therefore, the assembled engineered marrow and bioprinted cortical shell hold promise as potential orthobiologic substitutes toward atrophic nonunion repairs.
Exciton‐Polaritons and Their Bose–Einstein Condensates in Organic Semiconductor Microcavities
Authors: Jiang Zhengjun , Ren Ang , Yan Yongli , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExciton‐polaritons are half‐light, half‐matter bosonic quasiparticles formed by strong exciton–photon coupling in semiconductor microcavities. These hybrid particles possess the strong nonlinear interactions of excitons and keep most of the characteristics of the underlying photons. As bosons, above a threshold density they can undergo Bose–Einstein condensation to a polariton condensate phase and exhibit a rich variety of exotic macroscopic quantum phenomena in solids. Recently, organic semiconductors have been considered as a promising material platform for these studies due to their room‐temperature stability, good processability, and abundant photophysics and photochemistry. Herein, recent advances of exciton‐polaritons and their Bose–Einstein condensates in organic semiconductor microcavities are summarized. First, the basic physics is introduced, and then their emerging applications are highlighted. The remaining questions are also discussed and a personal viewpoint about the potential directions for future research is given.
Nanolayer Laser Absorber for Femtoliter Chemistry in Polymer Reactors
Authors: Zhang Junfang , Liu Yuxin , Ronneberger Sebastian , Tarakina Nadezda V. , Merbouh Nabyl , Loeffler Felix F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLaser‐induced forward transfer (LIFT) has the potential to be an alternative approach to atomic force microscopy based scanning probe lithography techniques, which have limitations in high‐speed and large‐scale patterning. However, traditional donor slides limit the resolution and chemical flexibility of LIFT. Here, a hematite nanolayer absorber for donor slides to achieve high‐resolution transfers down to sub‐femtoliters is proposed. Being wettable by both aqueous and organic solvents, this new donor significantly increases the chemical scope for the LIFT process. For parallel amino acid coupling reactions, the patterning resolution can now be increased more than five times (>111 000 spots cm−2 for hematite donor vs 20 000 spots cm−2 for standard polyimide donor) with even faster scanning (2 vs 6 ms per spot). Due to the increased chemical flexibility, other types of reactions inside ultrasmall polymer reactors: copper (I) catalyzed click chemistry and laser‐driven oxidation of a tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative, suggesting the potential of LIFT for both deposition of chemicals, and laser‐driven photochemical synthesis in femtoliters within milliseconds can be explored. Since the hematite shows no damage after typical laser transfer, donors can be regenerated by heat treatment. These findings will transform the LIFT process into an automatable, precise, and highly efficient technology for high‐throughput femtoliter chemistry.
Air‐Processed Organic Photovoltaics for Outdoor and Indoor Use Based upon a Tin Oxide‐Perylene Diimide Electron Transporting Bilayer
Authors: Munir Rahim , Cieplechowicz Edward , Lamarche Renaud Miclette , Chernikov Roman , Trudel Simon , Welch Gregory C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEfficient organic photovoltaics (OPV) based on SnO2 | perylene diimide (PDI) bilayer as an electron transport layer (ETL) is fabricated and tested in an ambient environment. The PTQ10:Y6 photoactive system is used as the primary bulk‐heterojunction. Without any surface treatment, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of SnO2‐based OPV devices is 1.5%. Treating the SnO2 nano‐particles with UV‐ozone and then applying a layer of N‐annulated PDI with a functional NH bond (PDIN‐H) on top increase device PCEs to 9.2%. For indoor applications, the OPV device PCE rises from 8.1% to 12.3% when PDIN‐H is employed on SnO2 and tested under low light conditions, without the need for light soaking. The SnO2 | PDIN‐H ETL bilayer is slot‐die coated and corresponding OPV devices have a PCE of 7.9%, demonstrating utility for OPV scale‐up. The hybrid ETL is tested with other photoactive systems employing Y6, Y7, and IDIC as acceptors, as well as PM6 donor, and all these cases yield OPV devices with improved PCE when compared to OPV devices with SnO2‐only ETLs. These results show the successful implementation of SnO2 | PDIN‐H as an ETL for OPV.
Revealing Atomic‐Scale Ionic Stability and Transport around Grain Boundaries of Garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Gao Bo , Jalem Randy , Tian Hong‐Kang , Tateyama Yoshitaka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor real applications of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) to be realized, understanding and control of the grain boundaries (GBs) are essential. However, the in‐depth insight into the atomic‐scale defect stabilities and transport of ions around GBs is still far from understood. Here, a first‐principles investigation on the promising garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid electrolyte (SE) GBs is carried out. The study reveals a GB‐dependent behavior for the Li‐ion transport correlated to the diffusion network. Of particular note, the Σ3(112) tilt GB model exhibits a quite high Li‐ion conductivity comparable to that in bulk, and a fast intergranular diffusion, contrary to former discovered. Moreover, the uncovered preferential electron localization at the Σ3(112) GB leads to an increase in the electronic conductivity at the GB, and the Li accumulation at the coarse GBs is revealed from the negative Li interstitial formation energies. These factors play important roles in the dendrite formation along the GBs during Li plating in the LLZO|Li cell. These findings suggest strategies for the optimization of synthesis conditions and coating materials at the interface for preventing dendrite formation. The present comprehensive simulations provide new insights into the GB effect and engineering of the SE in ASSBs.
Strategic Approach to Diversify Design Options for Li‐Ion Batteries by Utilizing Low‐Ni Layered Cathode Materials
Authors: Jeong Mihee , Lee Wontae , Yun Soyeong , Choi Woosung , Park Hyunyoung , Lee Eunkang , Kim Jaeyoung , Cho Sung Jun , Lee Nam‐Hee , Shin Hyun‐Joon , Yoon Won‐Sub 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver the past few years, considerable attention has been paid to high‐Ni layered cathode materials for high‐energy Li‐ion batteries (LIBs); however, these materials intrinsically have low thermal stability. Alternatively, the high‐voltage operation of low‐Ni materials may be one of the attractive ways to provide various options for designing advanced LIBs. Here, the structural, electrochemical, and thermal properties of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) and LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) are investigated by setting up the same initial discharge capacity. In the high‐voltage region, NCM523 exhibits less anisotropic lattice distortion and maintains wider Li‐ion channels than NCA. After long‐term cycling, reduced Ni ions are observed near the cracks, grain boundaries, or between the primary particles in both materials, however, the chemical states of the Ni ions in NCA are more heterogeneously distributed, and the particle pulverization and microcrack propagation are more prominent; the structural integrity and electrochemical properties of the material are degraded. Moreover, the cyclability and thermal stability of NCM523 are superior to those of NCA, despite the higher charge cut‐off voltage of the former. Therefore, the utilization of low‐Ni layered cathode materials operated at high voltage is a strategic approach to expand the design factors of advanced LIBs.
Further supporting SMARCC2‐related neurodevelopmental disorder through exome analysis and reanalysis in two patients
Authors: Li Dong , Downes Helen , Hou Cuiping , Hakonarson Hakon , Zackai Elaine H. , Schrier Vergano Samantha A. , Bhoj Elizabeth J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBAFopathies are a heterogenous group of neurodevelopmental disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding subunits of the BAF complex, and they exhibit a broad clinical phenotypic spectrum. Pathogenic heterozygous variants in SMARCC2 have been implicated in Coffin–Siris syndrome 8 (MIM 618362) with variable neurodevelopmental presentations. We report here two relatively severely affected patients with two different SMARCC2 variants: one has de novo pathogenic variant, c.1824_1826del, p.(Leu609del), in a suspected hotspot region through reanalysis of previously negative clinical exome data, and the other has a likely pathogenic loss‐of‐function variant, c.1094_1097delAGAA, p.(Lys365Thrfs*12) through exome analysis in an adopted subject. Regardless of variant type, both patients have severe developmental delays, severe speech delay, short stature, hypotonia, seizures, and craniofacial dysmorphisms, blurring previously speculated genotype–phenotype correlation on missense and loss‐of‐function variants. This report extends our understanding of the genotypic and phenotypic spectrums of the SMARCC2‐related neurodevelopmental disorder.
Biallelic TERT variant leads to Hoyeraal–Hreidarsson syndrome with additional dyskeratosis congenita findings
Authors: Çepni Ece , Satkın Nihan Bilge , Moheb Lia Abbasi , Rocha Maria Eugenia , Kayserili Hülya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractShort telomere syndromes constitute a heterogeneous group of clinical conditions characterized by short telomeres and impaired telomerase activity due to pathogenic variants in the essential telomerase components. Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare, multisystemic telomere biology disorder characterized by abnormal skin pigmentation, oral leukoplakia and nail dysplasia along with various somatic findings. Hoyeraal–Hreidarsson syndrome (HHS) is generally an autosomal recessively inherited subgroup showing growth retardation, microcephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia and severe immunodeficiency. We here report on a consanguineous family from Turkey, in which a missense variant in the reverse transcriptase domain of the TERT gene segregated with short telomere lengths and was associated with full‐blown short telomere syndrome phenotype in the index; and heterogeneous adult‐onset manifestations in heterozygous individuals.
An Activatable Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Nanocomposite as Early Evaluation System of Therapy Effect
Authors: Fu Qinrui , Feng Hongjuan , Su Lichao , Zhang Xuan , Liu Luntao , Fu Fengfu , Yang Huanghao , Song Jibin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDelays in evaluating cancer response to radiotherapy (RT) usually reduce therapy effect or miss the right time for treatment optimization. Hence, exploring timely and accurate methods enabling one to gain insights of RT response are highly desirable. In this study, we have developed an apoptosis enzyme (caspase‐3) activated nanoprobe for early evaluation of RT efficacy. The nanoprobe bridged the nanogapped gold nanoparticles (AuNNPs) and the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) fluorescent (FL) molecules (IR‐1048) through a caspase‐3 specific peptide sequence (DEVD) (AuNNP@DEVD‐IR1048). After X‐ray irradiation, caspase‐3 was activated to cut DEVD, turning on both NIR‐II FL and PA imaging signals. The increased NIR‐II FL/PA signals exhibited a positive correlation with the content of caspase‐3. Moreover, the amount of the activated caspase‐3 was negatively correlated with the tumor size. The results underscore the role of the caspase‐3 activated by X‐ray irradiation in bridging the imaging signals variation and tumor inhibition rate. Overall, activatable NIR‐II FL/PA imaging was successfully used to timely predict and evaluate the RT efficacy. The evaluation system based on biomarker‐triggered living imaging has the capacity to guide treatment decisions for numerous cancer types.
Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Conversion of Epoxides into Thiiranes: Mechanism, Stereochemical Model, and New Catalyst Design
Authors: Duan Meng , Díaz‐Oviedo Christian David , Zhou Yang , Chen Xiangyang , Yu Peiyuan , List Benjamin , Houk Kendall N. , Lan Yu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractComputations and experiments leading to new chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs) for epoxide thionations are reported. Density functional theory calculations reveal the mechanism and origin of the enantioselectivity of such CPA‐catalyzed epoxide thionations. The calculated mechanistic information was used to design new efficient CPAs that were tested experimentally and found to be highly effective. Bulky ortho‐substituents on the 3,3′‐aryl groups of the CPA are important to restrict the position of the epoxide in the key transition states for the enantioselectivity‐determining step. Larger para‐substituents significantly improve the enantioselectivity of the reaction.
Polyacrylonitrile‐Coordinated Perovskite Solar Cell with Open‐Circuit Voltage Exceeding 1.23 V
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Xiao , Li Zhipeng , Du Xiaofan , Shao Zhipeng , Sun Xiuhong , Liu Dachang , Gao Caiyun , Hao Lianzheng , Zhao Qiangqiang , Zhang Bingqian , Cui Guanglei , Pang Shuping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn solution‐processed organic–inorganic halide perovskite films, halide‐anion related defects including halide vacancies and interstitial defects can easily form at the surfaces and grain boundaries. The uncoordinated lead cations produce defect levels within the band gap, and the excess iodides disturb the interfacial carrier transport. Thus these defects lead to severe nonradiative recombination, hysteresis, and large energy loss in the device. Herein, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was introduced to passivate the uncoordinated lead cations in the perovskite films. The coordinating ability of cyano group was found to be stronger than that of the normally used carbonyl groups, and the strong coordination could reduce the I/Pb ratio at the film surface. With the PAN perovskite film, the device efficiency improved from 21.58 % to 23.71 % and the open‐circuit voltage from 1.12 V to 1.23 V, the ion migration activation energy increased, and operational stability improved.
The Crystal Plane is not the Key Factor for CO2‐to‐Methane Electrosynthesis on Reconstructed Cu2O Microparticles
Authors: Deng Bangwei , Huang Ming , Li Kanglu , Zhao Xiaoli , Geng Qin , Chen Si , Xie Hongtao , Dong Xing'an , Wang Hong , Dong Fan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCu2O microparticles with controllable crystal planes and relatively high stability have been recognized as a good platform to understand the mechanism of the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Herein, we demonstrate that the in situ generated Cu2O/Cu interface plays a key role in determining the selectivity of methane formation, rather than the initial crystal plane of the reconstructed Cu2O microparticles. Experimental results indicate that the methane evolution is dominated on all three different crystal planes with similar Tafel slopes and long‐term stabilities. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further reveal that *CO is protonated via a similar bridge configuration at the Cu2O/Cu interface, regardless of the initial crystal planes of Cu2O. The Gibbs free energy changes (ΔG) of *CHO on different reconstructed Cu2O planes are close and more negative than that of *OCCOH, indicating the methane formation is more favorable than ethylene on all Cu2O crystal planes.