bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limbah Cair Tapioka, Pencemaran, dan Teknik Pengolahannya
Authors: Damayanti Herna Octivia , Husna Metachul , Harwanto Dicky 
Published: July 2021

ENGLISHThe tapioca industry is one type of agro-industry that is widely developed in Indonesia. The problem that often arises due to the presence of the tapioca industries is waste pollution, especially liquid waste. Tapioca liquid waste is immediately disposed of into the river flows without any treatment process. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the impact caused by the disposal of tapioca liquid waste, especially on the aquaculture environment and alternative processing technology. The research method is literature study. Tapioca liquid pollution increases the death vulnerability the biota in the ponds, namely shrimp and milkfish. The danger of tapioca liquid waste pollution can be minimized by treating the disposed liquid waste properly. Several alternatives of wastewater treatment that can be applied to minimize the impact of pollution caused by tapioca liquid waste are (1) ultrafiltration membranes can separate suspended solids; ABR (Anaerobic Baffled Reactor) and UAF (Up-flow Anaerobic Filter) systems can reduce COD concentrations; photo-catalysts can reduce COD concentrations; phytoremediation with water hyacinth can reduce BOD, COD, and CN concentrations and increase pH of tapioca wastewater; and batch sequencing reactor shows efficiency of removing HCN, BOD, COD, turbidity, sodium, magnesium, and calcium. INDONESIAIndustri tapioka merupakan salah satu jenis agroindustri yang banyak berkembang di Indonesia. Permasalahan yang sering timbul dari industri tapioka adalah pencemaran limbah, terutama limbah cair. Limbah cair tapioka langsung dibuang ke aliran sungai tanpa melewati proses pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah memberikan gambaran mengenai dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh adanya pembuangan limbah cair tapioka khususnya terhadap lingkungan pertambakan serta alternatif teknologi pengolahannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka. Pencemaran limbah cair tapioka mengakibatkan kerawanan kematian biota yang dibudidayakan di tambak, yaitu udang dan bandeng. Bahaya pencemaran limbah cair tapioka dapat diminimalisir dengan melakukan pengolahan terhadap limbah cair yang dibuang. Beberapa alternatif pengolahan limbah cair untuk meminimalisir dampak pencemaran oleh limbah cair tapioka, yaitu (1) membran ultrafiltrasi, yang dapat memisahkan padatan tersuspensi; (2) sistem ABR (Anaerobic Baffled Reactor) dan sistem UAF (Upflow Anaerobic Filter, yang dapat menurunkan konsentrasi COD; (3) fotokatalis, yang dapat menurunkan konsentrasi COD; (4) fitoremediasi dengan eceng gondok, yang mampu menurunkan konsentrasi BOD, COD, dan CN serta meningkatkan pH limbah cair tapioka; dan (5) sistem SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) menunjukkan efisiensi pembuangan HCN, BOD, COD, kekeruhan, sodium, magnesium, dan kalsium.
Clinical Outcomes of Very Short Term Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With or Without Diabetes Undergoing Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Liang Xi-Ying , Li Yan , Qiao Xuan , Zhang Wen-Jiao , Wang Zhi-Lu 
Published: July 2021

Background: Patients with diabetes represent 20–30% of the population considered for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and associate with more deleterious clinical outcome, which requires the optimal strategy of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). The meta-analysis aims to compare clinical outcomes between very short (1–3 months) and standard (12 months) DAPT after implanting the second-generation drug-eluting stents in patients with or without diabetes following PCI.Methods and Analysis: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for studies comparing the very short term and standard DAPT in patients with or without diabetes following PCI. Risk ratio with 95% confidence intervals was used to evaluate the pooled effect of discontinuous variables, and the pooled analyses were performed with RevMan 5.3 and Stata SE 14.0 software.Results: A total of 38,864 patients were randomized to the very short term DAPT (N = 19,423) vs. standard DAPT (N = 19,441). Among them, 11,476 patients were diabetes and 27,388 patients were non-diabetes. The primary outcome of the net adverse clinical event (NACE) was significantly lower in diabetic patients with very short term DAPT (risk ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.60–0.88, p = 0.0009). The same result was also found in the major cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) (0.87, 0.78–0.98, p = 0.03). The risk of major or minor bleeding was significantly reduced in very short term DAPT regardless of the diabetes statue (0.69, 0.52–0.93, p = 0.01 in the diabetic group, and 0.50, 0.39–0.63, p &lt;0.0001 in the non-diabetic group). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of major bleeding, all-cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, definite or probable stent thrombosis, and stroke between the very short term DAPT (1–3 months) and standard DAPT (12 months) in patients with or without diabetes.Conclusion: The very short term DAPT can significantly reduce the risk of the NACE and MACCE in patients with diabetes compared to standard DAPT. Meanwhile, the very short term DAPT can also reduce the incidence of major and minor bleeding without increasing the risk of ischemia in patients with or without diabetes (Registered by PROSPERO, CRD42020192133).Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, Identifier: CRD42020192133.
Novel Bathymetry of Lake Afdera Reveals Fault Structures and Volcano-Tectonic Features of an Incipient Transform Zone (Afar, Ethiopia)
Authors: Schaegis Jean-Charles , Rime Valentin , Kidane Tesfaye , Mosar Jon , Gebru Ermias Filfilu , Atnafu Balemwal , Foubert Anneleen 
Published: July 2021

Lake Afdera is a hypersaline endorheic lake situated at 112 m below sea-level in the Danakil Depression. The Danakil Depression is located in the northern part of the Ethiopian Afar and features an advanced stage of continental rifting. The remoteness and inhospitable environment explain the limited scientific research and knowledge about this lake. Bathymetric data were acquired during 2 weeks expeditions in January/February 2016 and 2017 using an easily deployable echosounder system mounted on an inflatable motorized boat. This study presents the first complete bathymetric map of the lake Afdera. Bathymetric results show that the lake has an average depth of 20.9 m and a total volume of 2.4 km3. The maximum measured depth is 80 m, making Lake Afdera the deepest known lake in Afar and the lowest elevation of the Danakil Depression. Comparison with historical reports shows that the lake level did not fluctuate significantly during the last 50 years. Two distinct tectonic basins to the north and the south are recognized. Faults of different orientations control the morphology of the northern basin. In contrast, the southern basin is affected by volcano-tectonic processes, unveiling a large submerged caldera. Comparison between the orientation of faults throughout the lake with the regional fault pattern indicates that the lake is part of two transfer zones: the major Alayta–Afdera Transfer Zone and the smaller Erta Ale–Tat’Ali Transfer Zone. The interaction between these Transfer Zones and the rift axis forms the equivalent of a developing nodal basin which explains the lake’s position as the deepest point of the depression. This study provides evidence for the development of an incipient transform fault on the floor of the Afar depression.
Structures, and Thermophysical Properties Characterizations of (La1-xHox)3NbO7 Solid Solutions as Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Chen Lin , Wang Yitao , Zheng Qi , Feng Jing 
Published: July 2021

A sequence of (La1-xHox)3NbO7 solid solutions were fabricated in this work, which were studied as candidate for thermal insulation materials. The lattices were identified via XRD, when SEM and EDS were used to characterize the microstructures and element distributions. The results showed that the highest modulus, hardness, and toughness of (La1-xHox)3NbO7 were 196 GPa, 9.2 GPa, and 1.6 MPa m1/2, respectively, and they accorded with the mechanical property requirements. Also, a low thermal conductivity (1.06 W m−1 K−1) and high thermal expansion coefficients (TECs: 11.3 × 10−6 K−1) were simultaneously realized in (La3/6Ho3/6)3NbO7, at high temperatures. No phase transition was detected up to 1,200°C, which proved their good high-temperature lattice stability. The intense anharmonic lattice vibrations might contribute to the outstanding thermal properties of (La1-xHox)3NbO7 ceramics. The suitable modulus, high hardness, low thermal conductivity, and high TECs of (La1-xHox)3NbO7 solid solutions proclaimed that they were exceptional thermal insulation ceramics.
Machine Learning Prediction Models for Mechanically Ventilated Patients: Analyses of the MIMIC-III Database
Authors: Zhu Yibing , Zhang Jin , Wang Guowei , Yao Renqi , Ren Chao , Chen Ge , Jin Xin , Guo Junyang , Liu Shi , Zheng Hua , Chen Yan , Guo Qianqian , Li Lin , Du Bin , Xi Xiuming , Li Wei , Huang Huibin , Li Yang , Yu Qian 
Published: July 2021

Background: Mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) have high mortality rates. There are multiple prediction scores, such as the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score (OASIS), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), widely used in the general ICU population. We aimed to establish prediction scores on mechanically ventilated patients with the combination of these disease severity scores and other features available on the first day of admission.Methods: A retrospective administrative database study from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database was conducted. The exposures of interest consisted of the demographics, pre-ICU comorbidity, ICU diagnosis, disease severity scores, vital signs, and laboratory test results on the first day of ICU admission. Hospital mortality was used as the outcome. We used the machine learning methods of k-nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression, bagging, decision tree, random forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and neural network for model establishment. A sample of 70% of the cohort was used for the training set; the remaining 30% was applied for testing. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and calibration plots would be constructed for the evaluation and comparison of the models' performance. The significance of the risk factors was identified through models and the top factors were reported.Results: A total of 28,530 subjects were enrolled through the screening of the MIMIC-III database. After data preprocessing, 25,659 adult patients with 66 predictors were included in the model analyses. With the training set, the models of KNN, logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, neural network, bagging, and XGBoost were established and the testing set obtained AUCs of 0.806, 0.818, 0.743, 0.819, 0.780, 0.803, and 0.821, respectively. The calibration curves of all the models, except for the neural network, performed well. The XGBoost model performed best among the seven models. The top five predictors were age, respiratory dysfunction, SAPS II score, maximum hemoglobin, and minimum lactate.Conclusion: The current study indicates that models with the risk of factors on the first day could be successfully established for predicting mortality in ventilated patients. The XGBoost model performs best among the seven machine learning models.
Neurological Complications of Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Luo Yinan , Gu Qiao , Wen Xin , Li Yiwei , Peng Weihua , Zhu Ying , Hu Wei , Xi Shaosong 
Published: July 2021

Background: To explore the epidemiology, clinical features, risk indicators, and long-term outcomes of neurological complications caused by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO).Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 60 adult patients who underwent V-A ECMO support in our unit from February 2012 to August 2020. These patients were separated into the neurological complications group (NC group) and the non-neurological complications group (nNC group). The differences in basic data and ECMO data between the two groups were compared. The data of long-term neurological prognosis were collected by telephone follow-up.Results: Thirty-nine patients (65.0%) had neurological complications. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of median age, hypertension, median blood urea nitrogen, median troponin I (TNI), median lactic acid, pre-ECMO percutaneous coronary intervention, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, median peak inspiratory pressure, median positive end expiratory pressure, and median fresh frozen plasma (P &lt; 0.05). The median Intensive Care Unit length of stay (ICU LOS), 28-day mortality, median post-ECMO vasoactive inotropic score, non-pulsate perfusion (NP), and median ECMO duration of the NC group were significantly higher than those of the nNC group (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that TNI (P = 0.043), CRRT (P = 0.047), and continuous NP &gt; 12 h (P = 0.043) were independent risk indicators for neurological complications in patients undergoing ECMO. Forty-four patients (73.3%) survived after discharge, and 38 patients (63.3%) had Cerebral Performance Category score of 1–2. And there were significant differences between the two groups in long-term neurological outcomes after discharge for 6 months (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: The incidence of neurological complications was higher in patients undergoing V-A ECMO and was closely related to adverse outcomes (including ICU LOS and 28-day mortality). TNI, CRRT, and continuous NP &gt; 12 h were independent risk indicators for predicting neurological complications in ECMO supporting patients. And the neurological complications of patients during ECMO support had significant adverse effect on long-term surviving and neurological outcomes of patients after discharge for 6 months.
Can Task Specificity Impact tDCS-Linked to Dual Task Training Gains in Parkinson's Disease? A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Costa-Ribeiro Adriana , Andrade Suellen Mary Marinho dos Santos , Férrer Mayane Laís Veloso , Silva Ozair Argentille Pereira Da , Salvador Maiara Llarena Silva , Smaili Suhaila , Lindquist Ana Raquel Rodrigues 
Published: July 2021

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulties while performing dual-task activities, a condition present in everyday life. It is possible that strategies such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) can be associated with motor training enriched with dual-task training to improve the performance of two concurrent tasks. Currently, it is unclear whether specific tasks and clinical conditions of PD patients have different results after the intervention. Therefore, the proposed randomized controlled trial will examine task-dependency in enhancing the effects of tDCS-linked rehabilitation training on PD and the relationships between baseline outcomes in responders and non-responders to therapy. Fifty-six patients with Parkinson's disease will be recruited to participate in this controlled, double-blind randomized multicentric clinical trial. Patients in modified Hoehn &amp; Yahr stage 1.5–3, age between 40 and 70 years will be included. Subjects will be randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). The EG will perform treadmill gait training associated with dual task exercises+tDCS, while the CG will only engage in treadmill gait training+tDCS. Blinded testers will assess patients before and after 12 intervention sessions and after a 4-week follow-up period. All patients will undergo a screening and an initial visit before being assessed for primary and secondary outcomes. The primary outcome measure is functional mobility measured by Timed Up and Go Test. Secondary outcomes include cognitive function, participation, motor function and body function and structure. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention protocol with tDCS, dual-task training and gait training in patients with PD. The study will also highlight the clinical factors and variability between individuals that could interfere in the training of a specific task and influence the therapeutic effect.Clinical Trial registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04581590.
Revisiting the Examination of Sharp/Dull Discrimination as Clinical Measure of Spinothalamic Tract Integrity
Authors: Heutehaus Laura , Schuld Christian , Solinas Daniela , Hensel Cornelia , Kämmerer Till , Weidner Norbert , Rupp Rüdiger , Franz Steffen 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Revisiting the sharp/dull discrimination as clinical measure of spinothalamic tract function considering the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI). Three clinically relevant factors were evaluated as to their impact on reliability: (1) the localization of dermatomes in relation to the sensory level, (2) the examination tool, and (3) the threshold of correct answers for grading of a preserved sharp/dull discrimination.Design: Prospective monocentric psychometric study.Setting: Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany.Participants: Convenient sample of 21 individuals with subacute spinal cord injury (age: 31–82 years) and 20 individuals without spinal cord injury (age: 24–63 years).Assessment: All participants underwent three assessments for sharp/dull discrimination, applying five commonly used examination tools in seven dermatomes, performed by three trained examiners under conditions in accordance with ISNCSCI.Main Outcome Measures: Assessment of interrater reliability by determining both the Fleiss kappa (κ) coefficient and the percentage agreement between raters. Data were dichotomized regarding the ISNCSCI threshold.Results: Interrater reliability in individuals with SCI was overall substantial (κ = 0.68; CI 0.679–0.681) and moderate (κ = 0.54; CI 0.539–0.543) in dermatomes below the sensory level. All applied tools led to at least moderate reliability below the sensory level (lowest κ = 0.44; CI 0.432–0.440), with the officially endorsed safety pin achieving the highest (substantial) reliability (κ = 0.64; CI 0.638–0.646). Percentage agreement differed between non-SCI (97.3%) and formally intact above level dermatomes in SCI (89.2%).Conclusions: Sharp/dull discrimination as a common clinical examination technique for spinothalamic tract function is a reliable assessment. Independent from the used examination tools, reliability was substantial, with the medium-sized safety pin delivering the most favorable results. Notwithstanding this, all other tools could be considered if a safety pin is not available. Regarding interrater reliability and guessing probability, a threshold of 80% correct responses for preserved sharp/dull discrimination appears to be most suitable, which is in line with current clinical approaches and ISNCSCI. The causal attribution of the identified differences in sharp/dull discrimination between clinically intact dermatomes of individuals with SCI and unaffected dermatomes of individuals without SCI requires future work.Clinical Trial Registration Number (German Clinical Trials Register): DRKS00015334 (https://www.drks.de).
A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Subthalamic Nucleus-Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease-Related Pain
Authors: Diao Yu , Bai Yutong , Hu Tianqi , Yin Zixiao , Liu Huangguang , Meng Fangang , Yang Anchao , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: July 2021

Pain from Parkinson's disease (PD) is a non-motor symptom affecting the quality of life and has prevalence of 20–80%. However, it is unclear whether subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN–DBS), a well-established treatment for PD, is effective forPD-related pain. Thus, the objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of STN-DBS on PD-related pain and explore how its duration affects the efficacy of STN-DBS. A systematic search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Nine studies included numerical rating scale (NRS), visual analog scale (VAS), or non-motor symptom scale (NMSS) scores at baseline and at the last follow-up visit and therefore met the inclusion criteria of the authors. These studies exhibited moderate- to high-quality evidence. Two reviewers conducted assessments for study eligibility, risk of bias, data extraction, and quality of evidence rating. Random effect meta-analysis revealed a significant change in PD-related pain as assessed by NMSS, NRS, and VAS (P &lt;0.01). Analysis of the short and long follow-up subgroups indicated delayed improvement in PD-related pain. These findings (a) show the efficacy of STN-DBS on PD-related pain and provide higher-level evidence, and (b) implicate delayed improvement in PD-related pain, which may help programming doctors with supplement selecting target and programming.Systematic Review Registration: This study is registered in Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/DNM6K).
Computed Tomography-Based Radiomics Model to Preoperatively Predict Microsatellite Instability Status in Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Li Zhi , Zhong Qi , Zhang Liang , Wang Minhong , Xiao Wenbo , Cui Feng , Yu Fang , Huang Chencui , Feng Zhan 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo establish and validate a combined radiomics model based on radiomics features and clinical characteristics, and to predict microsatellite instability (MSI) status in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients preoperatively.MethodsA total of 368 patients from four hospitals, who underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced CT examination, were included in this study. The data of 226 patients from a single hospital were used as the training dataset. The data of 142 patients from the other three hospitals were used as an independent validation dataset. The regions of interest were drawn on the portal venous phase of contrast-enhanced CT images. The filtered radiomics features and clinical characteristics were combined. A total of 15 different discrimination models were constructed based on a feature selection strategy from a pool of 3 feature selection methods and a classifier from a pool of 5 classification algorithms. The generalization capability of each model was evaluated in an external validation set. The model with high area under the curve (AUC) value from the training set and without a significant decrease in the external validation set was final selected. The Brier score (BS) was used to quantify overall performance of the selected model.ResultsThe logistic regression model using the mutual information (MI) dimensionality reduction method was final selected with an AUC value of 0.79 for the training set and 0.73 for the external validation set to predicting MSI. The BS value of the model was 0.12 in the training set and 0.19 in the validation set.ConclusionThe established combined radiomics model has the potential to predict MSI status in CRC patients preoperatively.