bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a laser scanning projection system with a dual-diameter fitting method and particle swarm optimization
Authors: Hou Maoshegn , Shi Zhengxue , Liu Jiqiang , Chen Yuqing , Li Tianxiong 
Published: January 2021

Laser scanning projection can project outlines of assembled components onto a work surface accurately, which can improve assembly efficiency, and is widely applied in industry manufacturing. In order to achieve accurate calibration and projection, a mathematical model of the calibration process is developed, and the dual-diameter fitting method is proposed to extract the central positions of retroreflective targets. Then, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to solve the coordinate transformation matrix between the world frame and the projector frame, and the optimal parameters of the PSO algorithm are obtained to improve the convergence probability of the transformation matrix solutions. The maximum error of the retroreflective targets’ central positions between the calculated and theoretical positions is

1.82

×

10

−
6

m
m

through the simulation experiment. Furthermore, a novel laser scanning projection setup and a control system based on LabVIEW are developed. Experiments are actually carried out by scanning six retroreflective targets on a standard workpiece, and the transformation matrix is solved correspondingly. The results indicate that the maximum beam steering angle error between the theoretical and actual values calculated by the abovementioned transformation matrix is

5.215668

×

10

−
9

degrees. Finally, the projection accuracy is verified by a standard workpiece with accurate patterns. The experiment results prove that the position error of the developed laser scanning projection system is better than 0.5 mm.
Fast and large-range frequency hopping receiving based on simultaneous photonic filtering and digitizing
Authors: Sun Yiwei , Wang Sitong , Chen Jianping , Wu Guiling 
Published: January 2021

We propose a frequency hopping receiving method that can receive signals with a large frequency hopping range and rapid hopping speed simultaneously. It is based on simultaneous photonic filtering and digitizing, and the reception frequency is tuned by changing the temporal shape of the sampling optical pulse. The proposed receiving method is verified by an experimental verification scheme. In the verification scheme, the optical pulse from a mode-locked laser is shaped to obtain several sub-pulses with different temporal shapes by spectral shaping and frequency-to-time mapping. The reception of the frequency hopping signal is performed by introducing certain delay through a switchable delay line to select different sub-pulses as the optical sampling pulse. The frequency hopping speed and range of the verification scheme are limited mainly by the speed of the optical switches and the bandwidth of electro-optic modulators, respectively. In experiments, with available devices, frequency hopping signals with a switching time of 250 ns and signals whose carrier frequency hops from 13.35 GHz to 39.30 GHz are successfully received.
Anisotropic confinement of chromophores induces second-order nonlinear optics in a nanoporous photonic metamaterial
Authors: Waszkowska Karolina , Josse Pierre , Cabanetos Clément , Blanchard Philippe , Sahraoui Bouchta , Guichaoua Dominique , Syvorotka Igor , Kityk Olha , Wielgosz Robert , Huber Patrick , Kityk Andriy V. 
Published: January 2021

Second-order nonlinear optics is the base for a large variety of devices aimed at the active manipulation of light. However, physical principles restrict its occurrence to non-centrosymmetric, anisotropic matter. This significantly limits the number of base materials exhibiting nonlinear optics. Here, we show that embedding chromophores in an array of conical channels 13 nm across in monolithic silica results in mesoscopic anisotropic matter and thus in a hybrid material showing second-harmonic generation. This nonlinear optics is compared to the one achieved in corona-poled polymer films containing the identical chromophores. It originates in the confinement-induced orientational order of the elongated guest molecules in the nanochannels. This leads to a non-centrosymmetric dipolar order and hence to a nonlinear light–matter interaction on the sub-wavelength, single-pore scale. Our study demonstrates that the advent of large-scale, self-organized nanoporosity in monolithic solids along with the confinement-controllable orientational order of chromophores at the single-pore scale provides a reliable and accessible tool to design materials with a nonlinear meta-optics.
Terahertz wave avalanche breakdown transistor for high-performance switching
Authors: Wang Weijun , Du Liang-Hui , Li Jiang , Tang Pei-Ren , Sun Changlin , Chen Songlin , Wang Jun , Zhai Zhao-Hui , Gao Zhipeng , Li Ze-Ren , Yao Jianquan , Ling Furi , Zhu Li-Guo 
Published: January 2021

There is still a lack of high-performance terahertz (THz) modulators with wide operation bandwidth and large modulation depth due to the underlying physics limitation behind existing approaches. Meanwhile, for many applications, simple compact THz modulators working straightforward in the transmission mode are also highly desired. Here, we demonstrate a THz modulator with a maximal transmission-amplitude modulation depth of 99.9% (switching ratio of 1000) based on a commonly used silica-on-silicon structure. Different from those reported graphene or metamaterials enhanced proposals, the device we proposed works within a reversible avalanche breakdown region of silicon that has not been studied yet and has the potential to modulate/switch THz waves efficiently. Further, we proved that the modulation depth exceeds 97% in the frequency range from 0.2 to 1 THz in the experiment. The simplicity and generality of this new type of near-perfect THz modulator will undoubtedly attract lots of attention of researchers in the near future due to its potential to be engineered into integrated devices.
Solution-processed lead-free bulk 0D Cs3Cu2I5 single crystal for indirect gamma-ray spectroscopy application
Authors: Xu Qiang , Wang Juan , Zhang Qindong , Ouyang Xiao , Ye Maheng , Xie Weiting , Yan Xuewen , Li Deyuan , Ouyang Xiaoping , Tang Xiaobing , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: January 2021

Bulk scintillators that are with high density, low cost, and fine pulse-height energy spectral resolution, and are non-hygroscopic and user friendly, are desired for high-energy gamma-ray spectroscopy application. Recently, low-cost solution-processed perovskite nanoscintillators have been demonstrated with outstanding performances for indirect low-energy X-ray detection; however, the stability and thickness are not suitable for high-energy gamma-ray detection. Here, we report scintillation performances of a low-cost solution-processed bulk 0D

Cs

3

Cu

2

I
5

single crystal. The self-trapped exciton emission results in a large Stokes shift (109 nm) that is reabsorption free. A broad X-ray excited emission matches well with the sensitivity of a silicon photodiode. The unique

Cs

+

surrounded isolated

[

Cu

2

I
5

]

3
−

cluster scintillator provides ultra-stability in air and strong radiation hardness under high-dose gamma-ray exposure from a 60Co source. This solution-processed

Cs

3

Cu

2

I
5

scintillator is expected with low-cost and has detection performances comparable to commercial alkali-halide scintillator products.
Simulation training in pancreatico-jejunostomy using an inanimate biotissue model improves the technical skills of hepatobiliary-pancreatic surgical fellows
Authors: Yoshioka Ryuji , Imamura Hiroshi , Ichida Hirofumi , Gyoda Yu , Mizuno Tomoya , Mise Yoshihiro , Saiura Akio 
Published: January 2021

Background
Technical proficiency of the operating surgeons is one of the most important factors in the safe performance of pancreaticoduodenectomy. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether surgical simulation of pancreatico-jejunostomy (PJ) using an inanimate biotissue model could improve the technical proficiency of hepato-biliary pancreatic (HBP) surgical fellows.

Methods
The biotissue drill consisted of sewing biotissues to simulate PJ. The drill was repeated a total of five times by each of the participant surgical fellows. The improvement of the surgical fellows’ technical proficiency was evaluated by the supervisor surgeons using the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) scale.

Results
Eight HBP surgical fellows completed all the 5 drills. Both the OSATS 25 score and OSATS summary score, assessed by the two supervisor surgeons, improved steadily with repeated execution of the PJ drill. The average OSATS score, as assessed by both the supervisor surgeons, improved significantly from the first to the final drill, with a P value of 0.003 and 0.014 for the assessment by the two surgeons, respectively. On the other hand, no chronological alteration was observed in time of procedure (P = 0.788).

Conclusion
Repeated execution of a biotissue PJ drill improved the HBP surgical fellows’ technical proficiency, as evaluated by OSATS. The present study lends support to the evidence that simulation training can contribute to shortening of the time required to negotiate the learning curve for the technique of PJ in the actual operating room.
Microbiome and ischemic stroke: A systematic review
Authors: Lee Yee Teng , Mohd Ismail Nor Ismaliza , Wei Loo Keat 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundIschemic stroke is one of the non-communicable diseases that contribute to the significant number of deaths worldwide. However, the relationship between microbiome and ischemic stroke remained unknown. Hence, the objective of this study was to perform systematic review on the relationship between human microbiome and ischemic stroke.MethodsA systematic review on ischemic stroke was carried out for all articles obtained from databases until 22ndOctober 2020. Main findings were extracted from all the eligible studies.ResultsEighteen eligible studies were included in the systematic review. These studies suggested that aging, inflammation, and different microbial compositions could contribute to ischemic stroke. Phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes also appeared to manipulate post-stroke outcome. The important role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N-oxide in ischemic stroke were also highlighted.ConclusionsThis is the first systematic review that investigates the relationship between microbiome and ischemic stroke. Aging and inflammation contribute to differential microbial compositions and predispose individuals to ischemic stroke.
Economic and epidemiological evaluation of interventions to reduce the burden of hepatitis C in Yunnan province, China
Authors: Heffernan Alastair , Ma Yanling , Nayagam Shevanthi , Chan Polin , Chen Zhongdan , Cooke Graham S. , Guo Yan , Liu Chuntao , Thursz Mark , Zhang Wanyue , Zhang Xiaobing , Zhang Xiujie , Jia Manhong , Hallett Timothy B. 
Published: January 2021

Background
The paradigm shift in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment options in the last five years has raised the prospect of eliminating the disease as a global health threat. This will require a step-change in the number being treated with the new direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Given constrained budgets and competing priorities, policy makers need information on how to scale-up access to HCV treatment. To inform such decisions, we examined the cost effectiveness of screening and treatment interventions in Yunnan, China.

Methods and findings
We simulated the HCV epidemic using a previously published model of HCV transmission and disease progression, calibrated to Yunnan data, and implemented a range of treatment and screening interventions from 2019. We incorporated treatment, diagnosis, and medical costs (expressed in 2019 US Dollars, USD) to estimate the lifetime benefits and costs of interventions. Using this model, we asked: is introducing DAAs cost effective from a healthcare sector perspective; what is the optimal combination of screening interventions; and what is the societal return on investment of intervention? The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of switching to DAAs with a median cost of 7,400 USD (50,000 Chinese Yuan) per course is 500 USD/disability adjusted life year (DALY) averted; at a threshold of 50% of Yunnan gross domestic product (2,600 USD), switching to DAAs is cost effective 94% of the time. At this threshold, the optimal, cost-effective intervention comprises screening people who inject drugs, those in HIV care, men who have sex with men, and ensuring access to DAAs for all those newly diagnosed with HCV. For each USD invested in this intervention, there is an additional 0·80 USD (95% credible interval: 0·17–1·91) returned through reduced costs of disease or increased productivity. Returns on investment are lower (and potentially negative) if a sufficiently long-term horizon, encompassing the full stream of future benefits, is not adopted. The study had two key limitations: costing data were not always specific to Yunnan province but were taken from China-level studies; and modelled interventions may require more operational research to ensure they can be effectively and efficiently rolled-out to the entire province.

Conclusions
Introducing DAAs is cost effective, the optimal package of screening measures is focussed on higher risk groups, and there are likely to be positive returns from investing in such HCV interventions. Our analysis shows that targeted investment in HCV interventions will have net benefits to society; these benefits will only increase as DAA costs fall.
Drug-Induced Liver Injury From Enobosarm (Ostarine), a Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator
Authors: Bedi Harjot , Hammond Carl , Sanders David , Yang Hui-Min , Yoshida Eric M. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Anabolic steroids are well-known to cause liver injury, which may manifest with jaundice and elevated liver enzymes. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) have been developed to enhance muscle bulk without the side effects associated with exogenous androgen steroids. We report a case of significant cholestatic liver injury associated with a SARM, ostarine (enobosarm), similar to that associated with anabolic steroids. Liver injury from SARMs has not been reported frequently, and we speculate that this may be seen more often as the consumption of SARMs increases in the athletic market.
Pedographic assessment of the impact of off-the-shelf orthopedic shoes on the load distribution under the feet in patients with a high risk of developing diabetic foot syndrome
Authors: Bregovskiy Vadim B. , Udovichenko Oleg V. , Demina Anastasia G. , Berseneva Eugenia Aleksandrovna , Karpova Irina A. 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: It is known that the so-called “rocker” outsole helps to reduce the load on the forefoot and toes. Such an outsole is available in ready-made orthopedic shoes of some Russian manufacturers, however, an objective assessment of their impact on the load distribution under the foot during walking has not been carried out.AIMS: To study the pressure distribution inside the off-the-shelf orthopedic shoes“Sursil-Ortho” in comparison with the load inside the shoes used by patients on a daily basis.METHODS: We studied 20 patients (40 feet) with a high risk of diabetic foot syndrome. According to clinical data, a risk regions were determined on the plantar surface of the feet. In-shoe pedography (pedar, novel,Germany) was performed in shoes usually worn by the patients, and in orthopedic shoes“Sursil-Orto”(Moscow). The maximum peak pressure (MPP) was calculated. Criterion of efficiency: MPP in the risk region<200 kPa or reducing it by 25% or more.RESULTS: There was a significant decrease of the median MPP in the forefoot and in the risk region. The percentage of feet with MPP >200 kPa in the risk region decreased from 58% to 30% (p=0,014), in any area of the forefoot — from 63% to 30% (p=0,04). The increase in MPP under the midfoot and hindfoot did not exceed +14% (ns). Tested footwear was effective in 71% of cases. Predictors of the insufficient effect were: higher initial MPP in the risk region, risk region on the hallux or in the lateral part of the forefoot.CONCLUSIONS: Shoes with a rigid rocker outsole significantly reduce the pressure under the forefoot and under the toes during walking. The degree of load reduction varies: the lateral part of the forefoot and 2-5 toes are most unloaded, and the hallux and medial forefoot are slightly less.
Albumin and functionalized albumin nanoparticles: production strategies, characterization, and target indications
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek , Prajapati Anjali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The inherent properties of albumin facilitate its effective use as a raw material to prepare a nanosized drug delivery vehicles. Because of the enhanced surface area, biocompatibility, and extended half-life of albumin nanoparticles, a number of drugs have been incorporated in albumin matrices in recent years. Furthermore, its ability to be conjugated to various receptor ligands makes albumin an ideal candidate for the increased delivery of drugs to specific sites. The present review provides an in-depth discussion of production strategies for the preparation of albumin and conjugated albumin nanoparticles and for the targeting of these formulations to specific organs and cancer cells. This review also provides insights into drug loading, release patterns, and cytotoxicity of various drug-loaded albumin nanoparticles.
Modelling the elastic mechanical properties of bioactive glass-derived scaffolds
Authors: Baino Francesco , Fiume Elisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPorosity is known to play a pivotal role in dictating the functional properties of biomedical scaffolds, with special reference to mechanical performance. While compressive strength is relatively easy to be experimentally assessed even for brittle ceramic and glass foams, elastic properties are much more difficult to be reliably estimated. Therefore, describing and, hence, predicting the relationship between porosity and elastic properties based only on the constitutive parameters of the solid material is still a challenge. In this work, we quantitatively compare the predictive capability of a set of different models in describing, over a wide range of porosity, the elastic modulus (7 models), shear modulus (3 models) and Poisson’s ratio (7 models) of bioactive silicate glass-derived scaffolds produced by foam replication. For these types of biomedical materials, the porosity dependence of elastic and shear moduli follows a second-order power-law approximation, whereas the relationship between porosity and Poisson’s ratio is well fitted by a linear equation.
The Capitalist Form of Life, and How To Deconstruct It
Authors: Ronge Bastian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe article sets out the thesis that the social-ontological account based on the form of life concept can be used to analytically and normatively reflect alternative economies and their attempt to overcome capitalistic structures.2 To develop the thesis, I provide conceptual work on the “economic form of life”, pointing at its plasticity due to the general substitutability of economic practices. Against this background, I argue that Capitalism makes use of this plasticity to create a fully commodified, radical contingent form of life. Actors of alternative economies can wake up of from this dream world of Capitalism by using the substitutability of economic practices to deconstruct the capitalist form of life. The two most important practices for doing so are the practices of “in-sourcing” and “solidary out-sourcing”. They also reveal the normative kernel of conviviality, namely to seek to do justice to the economicity of human life. The paper ends with locating the presented form-of-life-account within the strand of literature on alternative economies.
A method for measuring the residence time distribution of particles in a fluidized bed based on digital image analysis
Authors: Li Jiamin , Chen Xiaoping , Ma Jiliang , Liang Cai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Traditional methods for measuring the residence time distribution (RTD) of particles in a fluidized bed are complex and time-consuming. To this regard, the present work proposes a new measurement method with remarkable efficiency based on digital image analysis. The dyed tracers are recognized in the images of the samples due to the difference of colors from bed materials. The HSV and the well-known RGB color space were employed to distinguish the tracers. By enhancing the Saturation and the Value in HSV and adjusting the gray range of images, the recognition error is effectively reduced. Then the pixels representing the tracers are distinguished, based on which the concentration of the tracers and RTD are measured. The efficiency, accuracy and repeatability of the method were validated by RTD measurements experiments. The method is also fit for distinguishing the target particles from multi-component systems consisting of particles of different colors.
End-to-end nanophotonic inverse design for imaging and polarimetry
Authors: Lin Zin , Roques-Carmes Charles , Pestourie Raphaël , Soljačić Marin , Majumdar Arka , Johnson Steven G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBy codesigning a metaoptical front end in conjunction with an image-processing back end, we demonstrate noise sensitivity and compactness substantially superior to either an optics-only or a computation-only approach, illustrated by two examples: subwavelength imaging and reconstruction of the full polarization coherence matrices of multiple light sources. Our end-to-end inverse designs couple the solution of the full Maxwell equations—exploiting all aspects of wave physics arising in subwavelength scatterers—with inverse-scattering algorithms in a single large-scale optimization involving≳104$\gtrsim {10}^{4}$degrees of freedom. The resulting structures scatter light in a way that is radically different from either a conventional lens or a random microstructure, and suppress the noise sensitivity of the inverse-scattering computation by several orders of magnitude. Incorporating the full wave physics is especially crucial for detecting spectral and polarization information that is discarded by geometric optics and scalar diffraction theory.
Ultrasensitive terahertz sensing with high-Q toroidal dipole resonance governed by bound states in the continuum in all-dielectric metasurface
Authors: Wang Yulin , Han Zhanghua , Du Yong , Qin Jianyuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Toroidal dipole (TD) with weak coupling to the electromagnetic fields offers tremendous potential for advanced design of photonic devices. However, the excitation of high quality (Q) factor TD resonances in these devices is challenging. Here, we investigate ultrahigh-Q factor TD resonances at terahertz frequencies arising from a distortion of symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BIC) in all-dielectric metasurface consisting of an array of high-index tetramer clusters. By elaborately arranging the cylinders forming an asymmetric cluster, two distinct TD resonances governed by BIC are excited and identified. One is distinguished as intracluster TD mode that occurs in the interior of tetramer cluster, and the other one is intercluster TD mode that arises from the two neighboring clusters. Such TD resonances can be turned into ultrahigh-Q leaky resonances by controlling the asymmetry of cluster. The low-loss TD resonances with extremely narrow linewidth are very sensitive to the change in the refractive index of the surrounding media, achieving ultrahigh sensitivity level of 489 GHz/RIU. These findings will open up an avenue to develop ultrasensitive photonic sensor in the terahertz regime.