bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-Dose Gentamicin vs Standard Care for Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis in Premenopausal Women: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Peyko Vincent , Sieger Jacob , Dombroski Joseph 
Published: February 2025

Background Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a disease of serious impact on every country in the world. Growing resistance has decreased the efficacy of many antimicrobial options. Aminoglycosides, like gentamicin, have long been used to treat gram-negative bacteria including UTIs. Objectives The goal of this study was to compare single dose gentamicin to standard oral seven-day treatment in the emergency department for uncomplicated cases of acute uncomplicated cystitis in premenopausal women. Methods This was a randomized, open-label clinical trial of women at least 18 years of age, that were premenopausal, non-pregnant, with clinical signs of UTI and nitrite positive urine in the emergency department. Patients received either single-dose gentamicin or standard care for 7 days. Patients were contacted by telephone at 7 and 30 days and asked about clinical resolution of their UTI. The primary outcome of this study was symptom resolution at 7 days. Results Among those with 7-day telephonic follow-up, self-reported symptom resolution was 83.3% (25/30) among gentamicin treated patients and 48.1% (13/27) in the standard care group (X2 = 7.917, P = .005). Conclusion Single-dose gentamicin for acute uncomplicated cystitis in premenopausal, nitrite positive women was an appropriate UTI treatment and more effective than standard care for symptom resolution at 7-days in our patient population. This strategy has the potential to revolutionize treatment by offering an antibiotic with high sensitivities, high efficacy, simple administration in many different healthcare settings, 100% compliance, and increased patient satisfaction for acute cystitis treatment.
Assessment of a specialized medicine consultation for pregnant workers: The users’ perspective
Authors: Vonlanthen Julien , Abderhalden-Zellweger Alessia , Renteria Saira-Christine , Moschetti Karine , Brunner Loïc , Wild Pascal , Probst Isabelle , Krief Peggy 
Published: February 2025

Background Occupational exposures can endanger the health of pregnant workers and their unborn children. The Department of Occupational and Environmental Health of Unisanté has established a specialized occupational health consultation to assist pregnant workers, employers and gynecologists in implementing maternity protection provisions in the workplace. Objective The study aims to assess the satisfaction of the users of the consultation, describe their overall experience and identify the benefits and limitations of the consultation. Methods A mixed-methods approach was used. A telephone questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions was administered to pregnant workers who had attended the consultation in 2021, as well as to their employers and gynecologists. Quantitative data on users’ satisfaction were statistically analyzed using STATA 17, while responses to open-ended questions were thematically analyzed using MAXQDA20. Results All users expressed high levels of satisfaction: 95% of pregnant workers, 88% of employers and 97% of gynecologists were satisfied with the consultation. Users highlighted the value of the consultation in providing insight into the legal framework and occupational risks, as well as the neutrality and support of occupational health physicians. However, they reported challenges in implementing recommended measures and ineffective monitoring of their application. Conclusions The study indicates that users are highly satisfied with the services provided by the consultation. It is recommended that these services be maintained and extended to other regions of Switzerland, with particular attention to pregnant women who do not have access to such services in their company.
Safety of Different Weight-Based Dosing Strategies of Intravenous Acyclovir in Obese Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Saad Mohamed Omar , Habib Safeya Omar , Alhomosy Ahmed Mohammed , Salem Islam Mohamed , Hishari Ola Mohamad 
Published: February 2025

Background: In obese patients receiving intravenous (IV) acyclovir, conflicting data exist regarding the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) with different weight-based dosing strategies: total body weight (TBW), adjusted body weight (AdjBW), and ideal body weight (IBW). Objective: We aimed to compare the safety of the 3 dosing strategies in obese patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study including obese patients who received IV acyclovir during their inpatient admissions. Patients were categorized into TBW, AdjBW, or IBW groups based on the received doses. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI. Other outcomes included the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), neurotoxicity, length of stay (LOS), and in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 339 patients were included: 196 patients in TBW group, 86 patients in AdjBW group, and 57 patients in IBW group. The AKI developed in 17.3%, 11.6%, and 7% of TBW, AdjBW and IBW groups, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, reduced dosing (AdjBW or IBW) was associated with fewer AKI compared with TBW dosing (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) [95% CI] = 0.39 [0.19, 0.82]). Compared with TBW, IBW was associated with fewer AKI (aOR [95% CI] = 0.27 [0.08, 0.85]), but AdjBW was not (aOR [95% CI] = 0.48 [0.21, 1.09]). Median LOS was numerically longer with IBW but was not significantly different from other groups. The need for RRT, neurotoxicity, and mortality did not differ between groups. Conclusion and Relevance: In obese patients, either AdjBW or IBW dosing of IV acyclovir appears to be safer than TBW. The IBW dosing had the lowest odds of AKI among the 3 dosing strategies.
Combining ultrasound gray scale ratio and BI-RADS grading for differentiating benign and malignant breast masses
Authors: Wang Pan , Wang Fu-Jian , Xiao Li-Hua , Huang Zuo-Bin 
Published: February 2025

Background The evaluation of breast mass echo in the breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) is subjective, whereas ultrasound grayscale ratio (UGSR) provides a quantitative measure of ultrasound echo intensity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the value of UGSR, in conjunction with BI-RADS, for distinguishing between benign and malignant breast masses. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on ultrasound imaging data from 179 malignant breast mass cases and 219 benign breast mass cases. The masses were categorized according to the BI-RADS grading standard, and the grayscale values of the masses, adjacent fat lobules, and mammary glands were measured using the RADinfo system. The f-UGSR (ratio of ultrasound grayscale of mass to ultrasound grayscale of fat lobule) and g-UGSR (ratio of ultrasound grayscale of mass to ultrasound grayscale of gland) were calculated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed, optimal thresholds for f-UGSR and g-UGSR were determined, and the diagnostic efficacy of the combination of f-UGSR, g-UGSR and BI-RADS grading was assessed. Results The f-UGSR for malignant and benign breast masses were 0.57 ± 0.20 and 0.85 ± 0.23, respectively, while the g-UGSR were 0.23 (0.18, 0.30) and 0.38 (0.30, 0.47) respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for f-UGSR and g-UGSR in the diagnosis of breast malignant masses were 0.819 and 0.823, respectively, with the optimal thresholds of 0.69 and 0.29, respectively. The AUC for BI-RADS, g-UGSR, and their combination in the diagnosis of breast malignant masses were 0.849, 0.823, and 0.821, respectively. Sensitivity rates were approximately 74.30%, 73.74%, and 89.39%, and specificity rates were 95.43%, 77.17%, and 74.89%, respectively. Conclusion UGSR provides an objective and accurate method to evaluate the benign or malignant nature of breast masses. Combining UGSR with BI-RADS enhances sensitivity, reduces the missed diagnosis rate, and improves confidence in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast masses.
Increased risk of dementia associated with herpes simplex virus infections: Evidence from a retrospective cohort study using U.S. electronic health records
Authors: Araya Katherine , Watson Riley , Khanipov Kamil , Golovko George , Taglialatela Giulio 
Published: February 2025

Background: Alzheimer's disease is the most common age-related dementia. Recent compelling evidence from previous retrospective electronic health record (EHRs) studies suggests that herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections may be a risk factor for developing dementia. However, no age and propensity score matched studies have been published in a United States general population cohort study to date. Objective: We aimed to identify whether HSV infection shows a significantly increased risk of the development of dementia in a sizable and heterogeneous cohort. We investigated whether herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2), or coinfections with both serotypes pose a greater risk of developing dementia across different biological sexes and racial groups. Methods: EHRs from patients with a history of HSV or specific serotypes (HSV1 or HSV2) infection were selected for analysis. These records were compared to a propensity-matched control group and analyzed for hazard and odds ratios through TriNetX. Results: There was a significant difference in dementia incidence in the HSV-infected group versus the control. Individuals with a history of HSV, HSV1, HSV2, and coinfection all showed a significant risk of developing dementia compared to controls. Males with HSV2 are at a higher risk of dementia outcome than females with HSV2. Conclusions: While consistent with previous reports, these findings are the first to establish a higher risk of developing dementia in patients who have any HSV diagnosis using a nationwide, population-based matched cohort study in the United States.
GABA-activated slow spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents are decreased in dorsal hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells in an aged mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Netsyk Olga , Korol Sergiy V , Li Jin-Ping , Birnir Bryndis , Jin Zhe 
Published: February 2025

Background Synaptic transmission dysfunction is associated with a range of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated synaptic inhibition in AD has not been fully explored. Objective We studied basal, GABA-activated slow spontaneous synaptic currents (sIPSCs) in dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells in the dorsal hippocampus of an AD mouse model (tg-APPSwe) and investigated insulin's modulatory effects. Methods GABA-activated slow sIPSCs were recorded in the DG granule cells by whole-cell patch­-clamp recordings in dorsal hippocampal brain slices from 5–6 (adult) and 10–12 (aged) months old wild-type (WT) and AD mice, in the presence or absence of insulin (1 nM). Results The median 10–90% rise time of slow sIPSCs significantly decreased with age (10–12 months vs. 5–6 months) only in AD mice. The median amplitude of the slow sIPSCs was decreased in adult and aged AD mice as compared to WT mice whereas the slow sIPSCs frequency was only reduced in the aged WT mice. The median 63% decay time and total current density of the slow IPSCs was significantly decreased in the aged AD mice as compared to both WT mice and to the adult AD mice. Insulin application exerted no effect on slow sIPSCs properties in any of the animal groups. Conclusions The characteristics of the slow sIPSCs recorded in DG granule cells of dorsal hippocampus from WT and AD mice are altered by age- and disease-state, whereas insulin has negligible effects.
Uncovering nutrition needs in dyads of caregivers and persons with dementia
Authors: Gibbs Heather D , Taylor Matthew K , Gibson Cheryl , Mount Rebecca R , Sullivan Austin , Williams Kristine , Sullivan Debra K 
Published: February 2025

Background Nutrition risk is common in Alzheimer's disease and is associated with symptoms of dementia, cognitive decline, institutionalization, and mortality. Family caregivers who increasingly manage nutrition needs of persons with dementia (PWD) experience high caregiver burden, low health literacy, and nutrition risk. Few interventions for informal caregivers have included nutrition. Objective To inform design of a future caregiver nutrition intervention. Methods This cross-sectional study used a convergent mixed methods approach to 1) assess nutrition status among PWD and caregiver dyads (measures in common included Mini Nutrition Assessment, skin carotenoid, and handgrip strength), and 2) interview caregivers to identify needs and barriers for nutrition intervention. We hypothesized caregiver nutrition literacy is associated with PWD nutrition risk. Data collected in nutrition assessment and interviews were analyzed separately then side-by-side for comparison. Results Of 50 dyads, 48% had at least one individual exhibiting nutrition risk, and nutrition status categories (χ2 = 6.25, p = 0.012) between caregivers and PWD were related. Caregiver nutrition literacy was associated with 1) PWD factors including nutrition risk (rho = 0.244), body mass index (BMI) (rho = 0.421), handgrip strength (rho = 0.283), and skin carotenoid (rho = 0.351), and 2) Caregiver factors including nutrition risk (rho = 0.304), diet quality (rho = 0.304), and BMI (rho = 0.333). Interviews with 18 caregivers found caregivers prioritize PWD nutrition, provide more PWD nutrition care since diagnosis, experience social isolation, and would attend nutrition interventions if PWD are included. Conclusions Nutrition risk was more common among caregivers when PWD demonstrated nutrition risk. Factors present in individuals within the dyad were associated with partner nutrition risk. Future research should identify effective approaches for intervening on dyadic nutrition risk.
Relationship between development trajectories of leisure activity and sleep time on incident cognitive impairment: A study based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS)
Authors: Li Qi , Huo Jian-meng , Jia Cun-xian , Jia Fei-fei 
Published: February 2025

Background Leisure activity and sleep time are key factors in cognitive impairment, but the impact of their long-term trajectories on incident cognitive impairment remains unclear. Objective To examine the association of leisure activity trajectories, sleep time trajectories and their combined effects with incident cognitive impairment in older adults. Methods Data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2008–2018) were analyzed, including adults aged ≥65 who participated in at least three surveys. Group-based trajectory modeling explored leisure activity and sleep time patterns. Cox proportional-hazards regression model assessed the association of leisure activity trajectories and sleep time trajectories and their combined effects with incident cognitive impairment. Results We included 3094 participants with a median follow-up of 6.07 years. The optimal trajectory groups for leisure activity and sleep time were four and three, respectively. The low-level leisure activity group were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment (HR, 95%CI: 2.07, 1.37–3.13), whereas the high-level leisure activity group were associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment (HR, 95%CI: 0.60, 0.36–0.99). Short sleep time group was associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment (HR, 95%CI: 0.62, 0.41–0.92). In the combined effect, leisure activity belonging to the low-level group and sleep time belonging to the moderate sleep time group or the long sleep time group were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Conclusions Long-term high-level leisure activity and short sleep time are associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment in older adults.
Two-staged aortic repair for acute type A aortic dissection in patients refusing blood transfusion
Authors: Watanabe Tatsuya , Ota Takeyoshi , Milner Ross , Jeevanandam Valluvan 
Published: February 2025

Background It is still challenging to perform high-risk cases, such as acute type A dissection, which frequently require blood transfusions. We created perioperative bloodless protocol, but it includes an optimization to increase the preoperative hemoglobin level enough to tolerate cardiopulmonary bypass. However, it would be impossible to optimize such patients using the strategy in the setting of emergent surgery. We sought to create a surgical strategy in an effort to reduce blood loss for acute type A dissection patients refusing blood transfusion. Methods We reviewed the records of two patients in our aortic surgery database who presented with acute aortic dissection and refused blood transfusion. These patients underwent two-staged aortic repair with ascending aortic replacement with debranching to the innominate and left common carotid arteries, followed by thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Results : The two-staged procedure was successfully completed in two patients without any significant complication. The postoperative course was uneventful for both patients. Conclusion Two-staged aortic repair in patients refusing blood transfusion can avoid circulatory arrest requiring deep hypothermia so as to reduce the risk of coagulopathy and blood loss.
Exploring the connection between erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition and oxidative stress in patients undergoing the Crohn’s disease Therapeutic Diet Intervention (CD-TDI)
Authors: Haskey Natasha , Letef Clara , Sousa James A. , Yousuf Munazza , Taylor Lorian M. , McKay Derek M. , Ma Christopher , Ghosh Subrata , Gibson Deanna L. , Raman Maitreyi 
Published: February 2025

Background: Dietary fatty acids (FA) are crucial to the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), influencing systemic and gut inflammatory responses. Dietary FA intake influences the fatty acid profiles of vital cell membranes, which might be a source of inflammatory mediators. Despite their significance, research on dietary FA subtypes and their effects on inflammation and oxidative stress in IBD is limited. Objective: We investigated the association between dietary FA intake, the erythrocyte membrane FA composition (EMFA), and inflammation and oxidative stress markers in patients with mild–moderate luminal Crohn’s Disease (CD) participating in the CD Therapeutic Dietary Intervention (CD-TDI). Design: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 24 participants (13 CD-TDI, 11 habitual diet controls) from a 13-week randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of CD-TDI in inducing clinical and biomarker remission in CD. Methods: EMFA was analyzed using direct-injection gas chromatography, and dietary FA intake was assessed using the ASA 24-h Dietary Assessment Tool®. Results: The CD-TDI group showed a significant increase in dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) at Week 13 ( p = 0.04) compared to no changes in the control group. Participants on the CD-TDI also demonstrated a significant reduction in total fat, saturated fat, and arachidonic acid (AA) ( p < 0.01). EMFA analysis revealed lower percentages of AA ( p = 0.03) in the CD-TDI group. Positive correlations were observed between C-reactive protein, fecal calprotectin, and dietary stearic acid ( p < 0.05). Inverse correlations were found between malondialdehyde (MDA) and the Mediterranean Diet Score ( r = −0.67) as well as MDA and the intake of whole fruit, legumes, and nuts/seeds ( r > −0.50). Conclusion: The CD-TDI significantly increased dietary n-3 PUFA intake, reduced pro-inflammatory n-6 PUFA (AA), and improved markers of oxidative stress, supporting its potential in CD management. The cell membrane fatty acid profile might be a therapeutic target in CD. Trial registration: NCT04596566.
The effect of multifloral honey on cytotoxicity and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in ovarian cancer cell
Authors: Rasulova Khayala , Kavak Deniz Evrim , Kavak Fikriye Fulya , Irtegun Kandemir Sevgi , Kizildag Sefa 
Published: February 2025

Background Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the female reproductive system. Honey has a range of medical properties. It has been shown to have anticancer properties, especially for breast, cervical, etc. cancers. Objective In our study, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic, anti-migratory, and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway effects of Multifloral honey on the Ovarian Adenocarcinoma SKOV3 cell line. Methods The MTT assay was used to evaluate the anti-proliferative effect of Multifloral honey on SKOV3 and HDF cell lines. Subsequently, differences in the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial apoptosis in the SKOV3 cell were examined using RT-qPCR and Western Blot methods. Finally, the effects of Multifloral honey on migration in SKOV3 cell were observed under a microscope. Results It was found that honey did not exhibit a cytotoxic effect on HDF cell, but significantly suppressed SKOV3 cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis. In our study on SKOV3 cells, we observed a significant decrease in the ratio of apoptotic genes Bax/Bcl-2 (P = 0.0043) using the RT-qPCR method, while the expressions of Cyt-C and Bad increased significantly (P = 0.0034 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Western Blot analysis confirmed the decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In our wound healing results, we found that honey inhibited migration in the SKOV3 cell. Conclusion Our results provide preliminary evidence that Multifloral honey induces cell death in SKOV3 cell line through involvement in the intrinsic apoptotic pathways, and it demonstrates significant anticancer activity against human ovarian cancer cell lines for the first time.
MRpoxNet: An enhanced deep learning approach for early detection of monkeypox using modified ResNet50
Authors: Vandana  , Sharma Chetna , Shah Mohd Asif 
Published: February 2025

Objective To develop an enhanced deep learning model, MRpoxNet, based on a modified ResNet50 architecture for the early detection of monkeypox from digital skin lesion images, ensuring high diagnostic accuracy and clinical reliability. Methods The study utilized the Kaggle MSID dataset, initially comprising 1156 images, augmented to 6116 images across three classes: monkeypox, non-monkeypox, and normal skin. MRpoxNet was developed by extending ResNet50 from 177 to 182 layers, incorporating additional convolutional, ReLU, dropout, and batch normalization layers. Performance was evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, sensitivity, and specificity. Comparative analyses were conducted against established models like ResNet50, AlexNet, VGG16, and GoogleNet. Results MRpoxNet achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 98.1%, outperforming baseline models in all key metrics. The enhanced architecture demonstrated superior robustness in distinguishing monkeypox lesions from other skin conditions, highlighting its potential for reliable clinical application. Conclusion MRpoxNet provides a robust and efficient solution for early monkeypox detection. Its superior performance suggests readiness for integration into diagnostic workflows, with future enhancements aimed at dataset expansion and multimodal adaptability to diverse clinical scenarios.