bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “Re-Tuning” of János Arany's Life and Work in the Popular Education of the 1950s
Authors: Eitler Ágnes 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In 1948, in the year it came to power, the Hungarian Communist Party began building its legitimacy, using the occasion of the centenary, by appropriating the legacy of the Revolution of 1848. The need for a revolutionary transformation of culture heralded the advent of the scientific materialist worldview. The popular education system, created as a channel of the cultural revolution, conveyed the findings of the various branches of science and arts, combined with the rhetoric of political propaganda, to the “working people.” Revolutionism, which the Marxist view of history elevated to prominence, soon gained ground in the interpretation of Hungarian literary history via the compilation of “progressive literary traditions.” Public educators' literary presentations in villages and cities, as well as articles and cheap publications produced in large quantities all served to promote this central principle.
The author examines the representation and interpretation of János Arany's life and work in various textual and visual popular education products. Certain junctures and directions in Arany's life, used as guidelines of the presentations, were highlighted in the image of Arany mediated by filmstrips and newspaper articles to make him one of the “poets of freedom.” Publications intended for the cultural and political education of “working people” set out the way in which to relate to the poet and the framework for interpreting his writings. Through the Arany poems that popular educators employed in scientific education, the author points out the way in which textual and visual representations became carriers of added content in a given context and a possible means of the “rural class struggle.”
Szkoła parafialna w Kraśniku w okresie staropolskim
Authors: Szczepaniak Jan 
Published: November 2021

Na przełomie XIV i XV w. Kraśnik, należący wówczas do Gorajskich a później Tęczyńskich, był znacznym ośrodkiem miejskim w niezbyt zaludnionym wschodnim obszarze woj. sandomierskiego (woj. lubelskie utworzono dopiero w 1474 r.). Istniała tam parafia p.w. św. Piotra, a przy niej najprawdopodobniej szkoła parafialna. Po osadzeniu w mieście w 1468 r. kanoników regularnych laterańskich, z zasady dbających o prowadzenie szkół i organizowanie bibliotek, funkcjonowanie szkoły znajduje potwierdzenie w źródłach. Mimo licznych klęsk elementarnych rujnujących miasto (wojny, zarazy, głód), przynoszących zniszczenie zabudowy (z klasztorem i szkołą) oraz zastój gospodarczy i wyludnienie miasta szkoła nieprzerwanie działała, z wyjątkiem dwóch dziesięcioleci po wielkim pożarze miasta (1735 r.). Na początku XVII w. szkoła mieściła się w osobnym, murowanym budynku, który składał się z sieni, dwóch izb (klasa szkolna i mieszkanie nauczyciela) i trzech komór. Program w szkole kraśnickiej opierał się na trivium, podobnie jak w szkole parafialnej w przy klasztorze macierzystym w Kazimierzu i klasztorze w Kłodzku, z którego wywodzili się kanonicy kazimierscy. Minimum trzyletnie nauczanie obejmowało więc gramatykę, retorykę i dialektykę. Absolwenci tych szkół umieli czytać i pisać po łacinie oraz przyswajali sobie podstawową wiedzę z arytmetyki, geografii, historii, liturgii, muzyki i śpiewu kościelnego.
Czy wyżyny były wysokie? Próba charakterystyki terminu בָּמָה w języku religijnym Starego Testamentu
Authors: Gądek Monika 
Published: November 2021

Artykuł porusza problematykę pojęcia „wyżyna” (בָּמָה) jako istotnego elementu teologicznej nomenklatury Starego Testamentu. Wychodząc od faktu, że znaczenie badanego terminu nie zostało dotychczasowo jednoznacznie ustalone, autorka stara się przybliżyć aktualny stan wiedzy oraz możliwe rozwiązania. Artykuł prezentuje dwutorową analizę badanego problemu.W pierwszej części porusza zagadnienie etymologii pojęcia „wyżyna” (בָּמָה). Badając termin hebrajski, autorka odwołuje się również do piśmiennictwa starożytnego Bliskiego Wschodu, wykazując istotną zależność między terminem בָּמָה a terminami pokrewnymi w językach: ugaryckim, akadyjskim i moabickim. Opierając się na tych pokrewieństwach, autorka próbuje znaleźć odpowiedź na pytanie o tożsamość „wyżyn”. Część pierwsza wykazuje, że analiza etymologiczna daje podstawy do uznania określenia „wyżyna” za pojęcie wieloznaczne i proponuje możliwe znaczenia, tłumaczenia.Druga część artykułu skupia się na analizie tekstu biblijnego. Jest to próbą charakterystyki pojęcia „wyżyny” jako terminu kultycznego. Analizując wersety biblijne, autorka poszukuje danych o konstrukcji, lokalizacji czy innych charakterystycznych cechach wspominanych w Starym Testamencie „wyżyn”. Wobec danych biblijnych artykuł prezentuje popularne hipotezy dotyczące tego zagadnienia. Ostatecznie zaproponowany zostaje nowy, teologiczny klucz interpretacyjny, który autorka stara się przedstawić jako warty uwagi w poszukiwaniach odpowiedzi na pytanie o tożsamość i charakterystykę pojęcia „wyżyna” (בָּמָה)
Prevention of neutropenia as an important factor in successful chemotherapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Babicheva L. G. , Podvyaznikov S. O. 
Published: November 2021

Despite the advances in supportive care for cancer patients, they often develop such a serious complication of chemotherapy as febrile neutropenia. This disorder is the main cause of reduced treatment efficacy because of the lower doses of cytostatics or even withdrawal of myelosuppressive therapy in some cases. The mortality rate from infectious complications of febrile neutropenia currently reaches 10 %.Presence of risk factors in combination with aggressive chemotherapy necessitates prevention of febrile neutropenia to reduce potential risks of complications. Synthetic granulocyte colony-stimulating factors can be used to address this issue.Among patients with head and neck tumors, the most vulnerable population includes individuals receiving TPF or DCF regimen or chemoradiotherapy. Such patients require preventive administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors. Patients with grade III–IV neutropenia require prevention of febrile neutropenia with pegylated forms of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (such as empegfilgrastim). This will ensure optimal treatment outcomes.
Decision-Making beyond the Competence of the Heads of Public Authorities (Acceptance of Work Performed by Contractors: a Case Study)
Authors: Borkov V. N. , Glukhov E. A. 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify contradictions between the competence of a public official of a government body based on the post he takes, on the one hand, and the need for this official to make managerial decisions beyond his competence. On the basis of this contradiction, the authors show the negative consequences of the implementation of management activities by a public official and suggest some measures to prevent and eliminate them.The paper analyzes the cases when the heads of public authorities were supposed to accept construction and repair work performed by counterparties under civil contracts, but due to their incompetence in this matter, they signed acts of acceptance of the work performed without indicating any shortcomings, for which they were brought to criminal and financial liability. The authors describe the reasons for these negative phenomena, analyze the possibility and legitimacy of the delegation by the heads of public authorities of powers to accept the work performed and determine the subject matter of the offense.By analyzing the judicial practice, the authors determine the subjects of crimes in the field of poor-quality reception of work performed by contractors; attention is focused on the fact that in order to qualify such acts as criminal, it is not necessary to establish the intent. Officials’ references to their incompetence in this matter, as a rule, are ignored by the courts. By comparing the activities of leaders in the commercial and public spheres, the authors point to the possibility of criminal prosecution of a public official without claiming damage caused to any person and before considering a legal dispute for compensation for damage between the public authority and the counterparty. In conclusion, the authors make proposals on the need to involve third-party organizations in the acceptance of the work performed on the basis of outsourcing, which will increase the quality of activities of public authorities and reduce the level of malfeasance.
A Criminal Misconduct and the Mechanism of its Establishment
Authors: Gerasimov A. M. 
Published: November 2021

The study is focused on the development of the theory of a criminal misconduct as an independent type of a criminal offense. The aim of the work was to formulate the author’s definition of a criminal misconduct that meets the social demand for the liberalization of the branch of criminal legislation. In the course of the research, the dialectical method was used, which made it possible to discover and analyze the common nature and, at the same time, the independence of a criminal offence and a criminal misconduct A universal tool of cognition was combined with such specific scientific methods as systemic and formal-logical methods. The theses developed in the work are based on the analysis of the content of criminal legislation, as well as the corresponding standins of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and representatives of the criminal law doctrine.The author gives examples from judicial practice as illustrations of legally significant situations that receive an ambiguous criminal-legal assessment at the level of law enforcement.Based on the results of the study, the concept of a criminal offense was formulated and the mechanism of its establishment was revealed. A criminal misconduct is justified as an act, although it contains signs of any corpus delicti, formally belonging to the category of small or medium severity, but recognized by the court, due to its insignificance, as not posing a public danger. The mechanism for establishing a criminal misconduct presupposes a statement in the act of the category of public danger (formal signs of corpus delicti) and further exclusion of the degree of public danger and, as a consequence, public danger in general. The ideas presented in the work can serve as a motive and basis for rethinking issues related to the substantiation of the nature of a criminal misconduct and its delimitation from other legal torts.
Russian Legal Mentality: Procedural Law vs. Customary People’s Justice
Authors: Gavrilov S. N. 
Published: November 2021

Russian customary law is a unique source for the study of the Russian traditional legal mentality. It is a kind of a cast from the people’s “instinctive right-feeling” (I. A. Ilyin), a product, a repository and at the same time a generator of legal mental attitudes. The results of research in the field of cognitive linguistics confirm the connection between thought processes and language. The author proceeds from the fact that the national language is an appropriate basis; and the means of linguistics are an effective tool for studying the national legal culture, legal mentality, legal consciousness. The paper describes separate approaches to the interpretation of the concepts of “mentality” and “mindset”, proposes a definition of the concept of “Russian legal mentality” and identifies the category of those possessing it.The procedures for considering and resolving cases according to the norms of secret, written, pre-reform (before 1864) and post-reform (after the Judicial Reform of 1864) process, fixed by positive law (legislation), not only in form, but also in the approach itself, differed significantly from the traditions of popular justice as a “branch” of Russian customary law.The main attitudes of the Russian traditional legal mentality are described in procedural aspects that are significant for the perception of law and legislation. Russian traditional legal mentality is reconstructed in order to identify the key mental attitudes inherent in the tradition of Russian customary law, in contrast with the approaches natural for the Western legal tradition. This is done in the context of the following phenomena: the ideal of justice, procedural order, legal qualification, the value of evidence, the purpose and result of justice.
Juridifcation of the Concept of “Artifcial intelligence” and the Limits of the Use of Artifcial Intelligence Technology in the Judicial Process
Authors: Spitsin I. N. 
Published: November 2021

The active development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology poses the question of how to integrate this phenomenon into legal reality, about the limits of using this technology in social practices regulated by law, and ultimately about developing an optimal model of legal regulation of AI. The paper focuses on the problem of developing the legal content of the concept of AI, including some methodological and ontological foundations of such work. The author brings to the scientific discussion certain constant characteristics of AI that are significant for legal regulation, which, if adopted by the legal scientific community, could be used as a scientifically sound basis for constructing specific variants of legal regulation that meet the needs of a particular sphere of social practice. The author believes that the scientifically based legal concept of AI is largely able to determine the direction and scope of applied legal research on the multidimensional problems of using AI technology in social interaction practices, including in the administration of justice, to distinguish the legal issues and problems related to this from ethical, philosophical, technological and other issues.According to the author, the task of forming the legal concept of AI is not limited to the formulation of specific legal definitions and cannot be solved at this level. The result of the juridification of the concept of AI should be a set of unchangeable (constant) legal characteristics, while specific definitions of this term in regulations may differ depending on the needs of legal regulation practice. In the work on the formation of a legally significant concept of AI, it is proposed to abandon the descriptive essentialist approach aimed at identifying the essence of AI in favor of an ascriptive constructivist approach, which involves attributing to the content of the concept of AI those legal properties that, on the one hand, are significant for the purposes of legal regulation, and on the other hand, limit the limits of legal regulation.
Investment Partnership in the realm of Other Forms of Joint Ventures Existing in Russia in comparison with US Limited Partnership
Authors: Yakusheva E. E. 
Published: November 2021

Globally the developed countries economies exist in conditions of ever-increasing competition. In recent decades, the states whose economy is based on modern technologies, the introduction of innovations and the creation of a favorable environment for their emergence has gained some advantage. Venture investment is an important component of the innovation economy, without which it is difficult to imagine the rapid development of new technologies. Under these conditions, the task of the legal systems of developed countries has become to create a legal framework for venture investment: convenient, transparent and understandable for national and international investors.In Russia, an important stage in the creation of a legal infrastructure for investment was the adoption of the Federal Law “On Investment Partnership” in 2011, designed to provide the investment community with contractual organizational and legal forms of collective investment activity, taking into account the specifics of the implementation of venture (especially risky) business projects. The Russian investment partnership is a direct analogue of the American limited partnership (limited partnership).The paper considers the main advantages of an investment partnership over other forms of collective investment activity, as well as analyzes some aspects of the regulation of investment partnerships in Russia and limited partnerships in the United States. The author concludes that an investment partnership is the optimal form of collective investment activity provided for by Russian legislation. There is no doubt that the general proximity of the construction of an investment partnership and a limited partnership, common in the United States (and other common law countries), makes an investment partnership the most attractive form of attracting foreign investment to the Russian market.
Zone of proximal development and scaffolding required by junior high school students in solving mathematical problems
Authors: Utomo D. P. , Santoso T. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Mathematics comprises grading concepts. It means that one specific concept can be interrelated to another concept, which embodies a continuous process. Mathematics instruction at schools is ordinarily delivered from the easiest to the hardest concepts and requires a considerably deep understanding of each concept. By acquiring the understanding, it is quite certain that students can solve mathematical problems effectively.Aim. The current research aimed to analyse and describe the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and scaffolding required by junior high school students in mathematical problem-solving. There is also an attempt to describe the actual level of competence possessed by students, and to determine the level of scaffolding needed to develop students’ learning competencies.Methodology and research methods. The present research employed a qualitative method within the descriptive approach. The research sample consisted of six students who attended the ninth grade at Muhammadiyah Junior High School 1 in Malang, Indonesia. The participants were grouped based on their mathematical competence levels, i.e. two high-achievers, two average-achievers, and two low-achievers. The data collection technique is done by giving tests, interviews, and observations. As for the teaching material, geometry was chosen as the main theme, covering the topic “Volumes of a Tube and a Ball”.Results. This research revealed that ZPD of the high-achievers was effective to help them solve mathematical problems independently. Conversely, the average- and low-achievers were found to be problematic at solving mathematical problems independently. The teachers must review and restructure the scaffolding strategies, dealing intensively with students who are less competent in solving mathematical problems.The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that previous studies have described efforts to improve the quality of learning through scaffolding (Siyepu S., 2013). This study describes in full the scaffolding process in the classroom: identification of students’ actual abilities and potential abilities after implementing instructional scaffolding.Practical significance. Referring to the results of the research, it is suggested that teachers should be so heedful about their students’ ZPD and thus more appropriate scaffolding treatments can be applied. In addition, teachers are strongly recommended doing self-training in scaffolding and keeping the instruction for their students to analyse their answers repeatedly to avoid a fallacy in operations. Besides, teachers should prepare their students to be good problem-solvers by exposing them to various exercises. For further studies, it is highly expected that more relevant research should be conducted from different viewpoints, i.e. investigating the effective scaffolding strategies.
How are the characteristics of national educational systems related to social inequality?
Authors: Agranovich M. L. , Dreneva A. A. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction. A great deal of research concerns the impact of education on the socio-economic performance in different countries, with highlighting the positive impact of education.Aim. The current research is devoted to the relationship between educational indicators and social inequality representing the socio-economic development.Methodology and research methods. By having the use of correlation analysis, the authors examined the relationship between the indicators of national educational systems, including the participation of the population in education, the structure of graduation in educational programmes, the quality of secondary education, the organisation of the educational process, the volume and structure of education funding, on the one hand, and social inequality, on the other. Social inequality was measured using the Gini index, which represents the level of income inequality in the country. The authors also investigated the educational statistics data in the OECD countries, Russia and some other countries participating in the OECD educational research.Results. The results revealed the relationship between many educational indicators and the Gini index, as well as showed several features of these relationships in Russia. In particular, the authors observed a relationship between the social inequality index and such groups of educational indicators as the level of education (the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient varies from -0,68 for the level of upper-secondary vocational education to 0,51 for the level of upper-secondary general education), participation of the population in education (the correlation coefficient with the integral indicator of participation in education, the average number of years of learning, was -0,64), the quality of education (a positive relationship with the proportion of students, who have not reached the second level of reading literacy in the Programme for International Student Assessment – PISA, reflected in the correlation coefficient equal to 0,56), the organisation of the educational process (positive correlation coefficient with class size equal to 0,61) and the indicators of education financing (negative correlation coefficients for primary and secondary education – -0.48, as well as for tertiary education – -0.57). It is important to note that the indicators related to master’s degree programmes show a greater negative correlation with social inequality than those reflecting the scale of bachelor’s degree programmes and short tertiary programmes.Scientific novelty of the research includes the detailed analysis of the determinants influencing the national educational systems in their relationship with social inequality, as well as the correlation between these parameters in Russia as compared with other countries.Practical significance of the study involves the development of the information and analytical basis for adjusting further policy in the sphere of education with taking into account socio-economic factors.
La Reforma Tributaria y el Derecho a la Protesta ciudadana frente al Covid 19
Authors: Villa Villa Sandra 
Published: November 2021

En este momento, si algo ha impactado a la sociedad colombiana, fue el proyecto de ley especial presentado por el gobierno del Presidente Iván Duque, Proyecto, a través de su Ministro de Hacienda, Señor: Alberto Carrasquilla, el cual se tituló :“Por medio de la cual se consolida una infraestructura de equidad fiscalmente sostenible para fortalecer la política de erradicación de la pobreza, a través de la redefinición de la regla fiscal, el fortalecimiento y focalización del gasto social y la redistribución de cargas tributarias y ambientales con criterios de solidaridad y que permitan atender los efectos generados por la pandemia y se dictan otras disposiciones”. El proyecto de ley tuvo como número de radicación el 594 de 2021 ante el senado y el 439 de 2021 ante la cámara.