bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of HbA1c in Obese Women with Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Oben Ayamo , Jauk Victoria , Battarbee Ashley , Longo Sherri , Szychowski Jeff , Tita Alan , Harper Lorie 
Published: November 2021

Objective We sought to assess the association of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with adverse perinatal outcomes in obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial assessing early (14–20 weeks) versus routine (24–28 weeks) screening for GDM in obese women. Women were included if they were diagnosed with GDM at either time during pregnancy and had a HbA1c result available. The primary exposure was HbA1c at 24 to 28 weeks. The primary outcome was a composite of macrosomia, primary cesarean, pregnancy-induced hypertension, shoulder dystocia, neonatal hypoglycemia, or hyperbilirubinemia. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to assess the association of HbA1c with the composite outcome. The Liu method was used to select an optimal HbA1c cutoff, and the incidence of the outcome compared.
Results Of 125 women with GDM, 93 (74%) had a HbA1c at 24 to 28 weeks and 103 (82.4%) had a HbA1c at 14 to 20 weeks. Baseline characteristics were balanced between groups above and below the cutoff. The area under the ROC curve for HbA1c and its association with the adverse perinatal composite outcome was 0.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5–0.7). The frequency of the primary outcome was similar among women with low and high HbA1c at 24 to 28 weeks (adjusted relative risk, 1.12, 95% CI: 0.97–1.29). Compared with women with a decreasing HbA1c during pregnancy, women with a stable or increasing HbA1c did not have a significant increase in the primary adverse perinatal composite outcome. However, the frequency of preterm delivery was higher among women with stable or increasing HbA1c compared with those with a decreasing HbA1c (26.1 vs. 6.7%, p = 0.03).
Conclusion A single HbA1c in women with GDM is not associated with a composite perinatal adverse outcome, but a HbA1c that increases or remains stable between 14 to 20 and 24 to 28 weeks is associated with an increase in preterm delivery.
Key Points
Do Genetic Variants Modify the Effect of Smoking on Risk of Preeclampsia in Pregnancy?
Authors: Bauer Anna E. , Avery Christy L. , Shi Min , Weinberg Clarice R. , Olshan Andrew F. , Harmon Quaker E. , Luo Jingchun , Yang Jenny , Manuck Tracy , Wu Michael C. , Klungsøyr Kari , Trogstad Lill , Magnus Per , Engel Stephanie M. 
Published: November 2021

Objective Maternal smoking is associated with as much as a 50% reduced risk of preeclampsia, despite increasing risk of other poor pregnancy outcomes that often co-occur with preeclampsia, such as preterm birth and fetal growth restriction. Researchers have long sought to understand whether this perplexing association is biologically based, or a result of noncausal mechanisms. We examined whether smoking-response genes modify the smoking-preeclampsia association to investigate potential biological explanations.
Study Design We conducted a nested case–control study within the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Birth Cohort (1999–2008) of 2,596 mother–child dyads. We used family-based log-linear Poisson regression to examine modification of the maternal smoking-preeclampsia relationship by maternal and fetal single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in cellular processes related to components of cigarette smoke (n = 1,915 with minor allele frequency ≥10%). We further investigated the influence of smoking cessation during pregnancy.
Results Three polymorphisms showed overall (p < 0.001) multiplicative interaction between smoking and maternal genotype. For rs3765692 (TP73) and rs10770343 (PIK3C2G), protection associated with smoking was reduced with two maternal copies of the risk allele and was stronger in continuers than quitters (interaction p = 0.02 for both loci, based on testing 3-level smoking by 3-level genotype). For rs2278361 (APAF1) the inverse smoking-preeclampsia association was eliminated by the presence of a single risk allele, and again the trend was stronger in continuers than in quitters (interaction p = 0.01).
Conclusion Evidence for gene–smoking interaction was limited, but differences by smoking cessation warrant further investigation. We demonstrate the potential utility of expanded dyad methods and gene–environment interaction analyses for outcomes with complex relationships between maternal and fetal genotypes and exposures.
Key Points
Lower Vitamin D Level as a Risk Factor for Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis: An Observational Case–Control Study
Authors: Abdelmaksoud Shaimaa Reda , Mostafa Mostafa Abdel-Azim , Khashaba Rana Atef , Assar Effat 
Published: November 2021

Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the relation of neonatal and maternal vitamin D and late-onset sepsis (LOS).
Study Design One-hundred twenty term neonates along with their mothers were enrolled in this case–control study. Sixty neonates who were admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit by LOS and had not been previously admitted for last 48 hours and did not receive antibiotics or vitamin D were enrolled as cases (sepsis) group. On the other hand, 60 healthy term neonates were referred as control group. Maternal and neonatal serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were assessed in both the cohorts.
Results Maternal and neonatal 25-OH vitamin D levels in cases (17.2 and 16.1 ng/mL, respectively) were significantly lower than in controls (22.7 and 21 ng/mL, respectively) p = 0.001. In the study group, the neonatal 25-OH vitamin D was negatively correlated with C-reactive protein and length of hospital stay (r = −0.616 and −0.596, respectively) p <0.001 for both. With a cut-off value of 12.9 ng/mL, the specificity and positive predictive value of neonatal vitamin D were 83.3 and 74.4%, respectively. The odds ratio was 1.088 (95% CI = 1.034–1.144)) for LOS in vitamin D-deficient neonates.
Conclusion Neonates with higher vitamin D level are at lower risk of LOS than those with vitamin D deficiency. Maternal vitamin D correlates with neonatal vitamin D. These data suggest that maternal vitamin supplementation during pregnancy may lower the risk of LOS.
Key Points
Breastfeeding Intention, Knowledge, and Attitude of Pregnant Women in Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Short Vanessa L. , Abatemarco Diane J. , Gannon Meghan 
Published: November 2021

Objective The objective of this study was to describe breastfeeding intention, knowledge, and attitude, and sources of infant feeding information during the prenatal period among a cohort of pregnant women in treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD).
Study Design Pregnant women who were receiving treatment for OUD and in the third trimester completed a questionnaire that measured demographic characteristics, infant feeding intentions, breastfeeding beliefs and attitudes, and sources of breastfeeding information. Frequency counts and percentages and means and standard deviations were used to describe data.
Results Sixty-five women completed the survey. Three-fourths reported some intention to breastfeeding. While attitudes around breastfeeding were generally positive, less than half of respondents knew the recommendations and infant health benefits of breastfeeding.
Conclusion Prenatal programs for women in treatment for OUD should consider addressing patient-reported concerns and gaps in knowledge regarding the benefits of and recommendation for breastfeeding.
Key Points
Understanding Food Security as a Social Determinant of Diabetes-Related Health during Pregnancy
Authors: Gomez Helen , DiTosto Julia D. , Niznik Charlotte M. , Yee Lynn M. 
Published: November 2021

Gestational and pregestational diabetes during pregnancy are substantial and growing public health issues. Low-income individuals and individuals who identify as racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected. Food security, which is defined as the degree to which individuals have capacity to access and obtain food, is at the center of nutritional resources and decisions for individuals with diabetes. While increasingly recognized as an important mediator of health disparities in the United States, food insecurity is understudied during pregnancy and specifically among pregnant individuals with diabetes, for whom the impact of food-related resources may be even greater. Previous research has suggested that food insecurity is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnoses and disease exacerbation in the general adult population. An emerging body of research has suggested that food insecurity during pregnancy is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus diagnoses and adverse diabetes-related outcomes. Additionally, food insecurity during pregnancy may be associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Future research and clinical work should aim to further examine these relationships and subsequently develop evidence-based interventions to improve diabetes-related outcomes among pregnant individuals with food insecurity. The purpose of this article is to offer a working definition of food security, briefly review issues of food insecurity and diabetes, summarize research on food insecurity and diabetes-related pregnancy health, and discuss clinical recommendations and areas for future investigation.
Key Points
Urinary N-terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Newborn Infants with Cardiac and Pulmonary Diseases
Authors: Elgendy Marwa M. , Elzayat Rania Salah , Abdo Mostafa , Elsharkawy Hamed M. , Allam Maha , Midan Dina Abdelrazek 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of urinary N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as noninvasive screening tool for congenital heart diseases in full-term neonates with respiratory distress.
Study Design A prospective cohort study was conducted on 90 full-term infants. Newborn were assigned into three groups: pulmonary, cardiac, and control groups. Urinary NT-proBNP were measured in all studied groups at day 1 (NT-proBNP1) and day 5 (NT-proBNP5).
Results Urinary NT-proBNP1 was higher in cardiac group compared with pulmonary and control groups (488 ± 91, 321 ± 80, and 218 ± 41 ng/L, respectively; p ≤ 0.001). NT-proBNP5 was lower in pulmonary and control group than cardiac group (245 ± 84, 137 ± 39, and 546 ± 284 ng/L, respectively, with p ≤ 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess predictive value of NT-proBNP1 in cardiac and pulmonary populations. ROC showed area under curve of 0.97 and cutoff point of ≥386.5 ng/L referring to a cardiac etiology with sensitivity of 93.3%, specificity of 86.7%, negative predictive value of 93%, and positive predictive value of 88%.
Conclusion Urinary NT-proBNP is feasible to be a noninvasive screening tool to predict congenital heart diseases in full-term neonates. Further studies are needed to assess the correlation between plasma and urinary levels of NT-proBNP in congenital heart diseases in full-term and preterm infants.
Effects of farming systems, tillage, and traffic practices on deep drainage and soil salt loads in the Queensland Murray–Darling and Fitzroy Basins using soil chloride
Authors: Silburn D. M. , Tolmie P. E. , Biggs A. J. W. , Crawford M. H. 
Published: November 2021

Context Cropping in the Queensland Murray–Darling and Fitzroy Basins has precursors for secondary salinity – high soil salt loads and increased drainage after clearing. Aims To measure changes in deep drainage, for key tillage, traffic, and cropping systems. Methods Steady-state and transient chloride (Cl) mass-balance were applied to Cl profiles from four tillage and crop rotation trials and one controlled traffic trial in southern and central Queensland, to determine deep drainage below the root zone. Key results Large downward movement of Cl occurred after clearing. Deep drainage from transient Cl balance for cropping was a small proportion of rainfall but considerably higher than under native vegetation. Deep drainage was consistently greater under zero than conventional tillage, for both winter and summer cropping. For example, deep drainage was greatest for zero tillage (∼45 mm/year) and least for conventional, stubble mulch, and reduced tillage (2–6.3 mm/year) at the highest-rainfall site (677 mm/year). Deep drainage was 12.7 and 7.9 mm/year for zero and conventional tillage, respectively, at the lowest-rainfall site (497 mm/year). Drainage under continuous wheat conventional tillage was more than twice that where some summer crops were included. At Billa Billa, continuous wheat had greater deep drainage by three to five times than continuous sorghum for three of four tillage systems. No drainage was detected during 6 years of opportunity cropping. A pasture legume ley had only 1.7 mm/year of deep drainage. Deep drainage was less for compacted than non-compacted treatments (23.3 vs 38.2 mm/year). Conclusion and implications Increased deep drainage with zero tillage and controlled traffic can be reduced using summer crops, particularly opportunity cropping where crops are planted when soil water is sufficient, and ley pastures.
Partial synthetic models of FeMoco with sulfide and carbyne ligands: Effect of interstitial atom in nitrogenase active site
Authors: Le Linh N. V. , Bailey Gwendolyn A. , Scott Anna G. , Agapie Theodor 
Published: December 2021

SignificanceNitrogen, a common component of biomolecules, is sourced from abundant dinitrogen in the atmosphere through conversion to ammonia. Organisms capable of fixing N2employ nitrogenases, metalloproteins that display metal-sulfide clusters that facilitate electron transfers and substrate activation. The site of N2conversion to NH3is FeMco (M = Mo, Fe, or V), a cluster of notable complexity in bioinorganic chemistry, which displays an unusual interstitial carbon ligand. The function of this bridging ligand remains unclear, and systematic structure-function studies with bridging C-donors are challenged by a lack of synthetic methods for analogous clusters. Herein, we report the first synthetic cluster that models a cubane moiety of FeMco bearing a chelating carbyne ligand and related structure-property studies.
High performance simulations of a single X-pinch
Authors: Skoulakis A , Koundourakis G , Ciardi A , Kaselouris E , Fitilis I , Chatzakis J , Bakarezos M , Vlahakis N , Papadogiannis N A , Tatarakis M , Dimitriou V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The dynamics of plasmas produced by low current X-pinch devices are explored. This comprehensive computational study is the first step in the preparation of an experimental campaign aiming to understand the formation of plasma jets in table-top pulsed power X-pinch devices. Two state-of-the-art magneto-hydro-dynamic codes, GORGON and PLUTO, are used to simulate the evolution of the plasma and describe its key dynamic features. GORGON and PLUTO are built on different approximation schemes and the simulation results obtained are discussed and analyzed in relation to the physics adopted by each code. Both codes manage to accurately handle the numerical demands of the X-pinch plasma evolution and provide precise details on the mechanisms of the plasma expansion, the jet-formation, and the pinch generation. Furthermore, the influence of electrical resistivity, radiation transport and optically thin losses on the dynamic behaviour of the simulated X-pinch produced plasma is studied in PLUTO. Our findings highlight the capabilities of the GORGON and PLUTO codes in simulating the wide range of plasma conditions found in X-pinch experiments, enabling a direct comparison to the scheduled experiments.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering enhanced by the stimulated Raman process near the quarter-critical density
Authors: Liu Z J , Wang Q , Li B , Li J W , Cao L H , Zheng C Y , He X T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering can occur near the quarter critical density in direct-drive fusions, and the frequency of Raman-scattered light is about half of the incident light frequency. The second harmonic of the Raman-scattered light can be produced due to the inhomogeneity density profile. It can serve as the seed of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). When the second harmonic of stimulated Raman-scattered light propagates against the incident light, some components will match the frequency of backward SBS, and SBS is induced. Thus, SBS could be greatly enhanced.
(Anti-)(hyper-)nuclei production in Pb–Pb collisions with ALICE at the Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Trogolo Stefano 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions a great variety of (anti-)(hyper-)nuclei are produced, namely deuteron, triton, 3He, 4He, hypertriton (

Λ
3

H

) and their antiparticles. The ALICE experiment is the most suited to investigate the production of (hyper-)nuclei at the LHC, thanks to an excellent particle identification and low-material budget detectors. Recent results on (hyper-)nuclei production as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and charged particle multiplicity (dN
ch/d
η
) in Pb–Pb collisions are presented. The evolution of the production yields with the system size is also shown, via comparison to the results obtained in small collision systems, like pp and p–Pb. The results on the production of (hyper-)nuclei are also compared with the predictions based on a naive coalescence approach and the statistical hadronization models.
Furthermore, the latest and currently most precise measurement of the hypertriton lifetime is presented. It is compared with results obtained by different experimental techniques and with theoretical predictions.
Search for eV Neutrino Sterile: Status of STEREO Experiment
Authors: Atmani Ilham El 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Reactor neutrinos have played a key role in understanding neutrino physics since their discovery. The so-called reactor-anti-neutrino-anomaly RAA, a ∼6.5% deficit of the mean observed neutrino flux compared to the prediction appeared recently. This anomaly could be interpreted by the existence of a fourth, sterile, neutrino and this hypothesis is currently being tested by the very short baseline experiment STEREO. The latter is installed at very short distance (9-11m) from the compact core of the ILL research reactor in Grenoble-France and collecting data since November 2016. The ILL core is highly enriched in 235U and releases a nominal thermal power of 58.3 MW. The geometry of the STEREO detector, segmented into six identical cells filled with Gd-loaded liquid scintillator, is designed for a direct test of a new oscillation pattern in the L/E range around 1 m/MeV, relevant for the RAA. First published results of STEREO have demonstrated the mitigation of the background induced by the reactor and the cosmic-rays and a good energy response. The data taking is now in progress with very stable conditions favorable for an improved accuracy. We will present an overview of the experiment and an update of the sterile neutrino analysis. A refined prediction of the neutrino spectrum emitted by the ILL reactor is also presented.
Search for neutrinoless double-beta decays in Ge-76 in the LEGEND experiment
Authors: Salamida Francesco 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The search for neutrinoless double-beta decay is the most sensitive technique to establish the Majorana nature of neutrinos. Two operating experiments that look for such decays in Ge-76, GERDA and MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR have achieved the lowest backgrounds and the best energy resolution in the signal region. These are two of the most important detector characteristics for sensitive searches of this undiscovered decay. The Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay (LEGEND) Collaboration has been formed to pursue a tonne-scale Ge-76 experiment that integrates the best technologies from these two experiments and others in the field. The Collaboration is developing a phased experimental program that uses existing resources as appropriate to expedite physics results, with the ultimate discovery potential at a decay half-life beyond 1028 years.
Addressing the two-step scenario of high-energy ion collisions with 136Xe + p and 136Xe +12 C at 1 A.GeV in inverse kinematics, at the SPALADiN setup of GSI
Authors: Ducret Jean-Eric 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We have measured at GSI-Darmstadt (Germany) the reactions 136
Xe + p and 136
Xe +12
C, using the inverse-kinematics technique at 1 A.GeV and the large acceptance SPALADiN setup. The combination of both provides a very good coverage of the phase-space of the excited system decay channels, allowing the study of the relative importance of those decay channels, as well as a very efficient filter to reject from the detection the particles and nuclear fragments of high energy in the projectile centre-of-mass frame, essentially produced in the first-instant nucleon-nucleon collisions, prior to the decay of the excited nuclear system. Our analysis in the two-step scenario permits one to estimate on an event basis E*/A, the excitation energy per nucleon of the decaying nuclear system, and to study the E*/A dependence of the different decay channels. The E*/A range of overlap of the 136
Xe + p and 136Xe+12
C reactions is large and allows for an extensive comparison between both reactions, and therefore provides a strong test bench of the entrance-channel-independence hypothesis of the excited-system decay. We address the two-step-scenario assumption in the light of our data and their comparison with different up-to-date models.
The concept of building training systems for training operators of liquefied hydrocarbon warehouses
Authors: Krivov M V , Kolmogorov A G , Kobozev V Y , Blagodarnyi N S , Sitosanova O V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the concept of building computer training complexes as one of the effective aids for ensuring the safety of potentially dangerous technological processes which include the storage and transportation of liquefied hydrocarbon gases. The authors have developed and described simulator model of one of the key technological devices for the storage of liquefied hydrocarbons which underlies the proposed software platform for the synthesis of training simulator systems.
Evaluation and formation model of Cambrian high-quality source rocks in the southeast margin of North China Plate
Authors: Qin Shengfei , Wang Tongshan , Tao Shizhen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In response to the question of whether effective Cambrian source rocks are developed in the North China Plate, field investigations on the southern margin of North China have been carried out. High-quality marine argillaceous source rocks of continuous thickness of 35 m in the Lower Cambrian were discovered in the south-eastern margin of North China Plate. Phosphorus nodules are common in the source rocks. The TOC is 1.19%∼29.70%, with the average of 7.31%. The organic matter comes from low-level biological algae. Because the carbon isotope of kerogen is relatively more negative, it is judged to be mainly benthic algae. The converted vitrinite reflectance (Ro) from measured bitumen reflectance is 2.24%∼3.45%, which is an over-mature source rock. The Lower Cambrian source rocks in the southern margin of North China occurred under the background of rising sea levels. After the glaciers on the southern margin of the North China Plate melted, the Qinling rift trough developed and the stratum subsidence caused rapid transgression of seawater from southeast to northwest. At this time, algae multiply in large numbers, and after death they accumulate with phosphorus-containing materials to form phosphorus-containing organic matter. Benthic algae mainly live in deep-water shelf not affected by waves and tides. Therefore, the development of source rocks is mainly in the deep water shelf.