bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source parameters of twoML∼ 5 earthquakes near Anza, California, and a comparison with an Imperial Valley aftershock
Authors: Frankel Arthur 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStrong-motion records were used to determine the seismic moments, source dimensions, and stress drops for two earthquakes near the proposed Anza seismic gap (Thatcher et al., 1975) along the San Jacinto fault: the 25 February 1980 (ML 5.5) event and the shock of 15 June 1982 (ML 4.8). Seismic moments determined for the two events were 2.5 × 1023 and 1.1 × 1023 dyne cm, respectively. The source radii were estimated from the displacement pulse widths using the source model of Madariaga (1976). Static stress drops for the 1980 and 1982 earthquakes were calculated as 110 and 100 bars, respectively. Stress drops determined from the rms accelerations using the method of Hanks and McGuire (1981) were 220 bars for the 1980 earthquake and 180 bars for the 1982 event. The long-period seismic moments for these events, derived from regional recordings of 30- to 40-sec Love waves, were a factor of two to three greater than the moments estimated from the strong-motion records.As a comparison to the Anza events, source parameters were also determined from strong-motion records for an immediate aftershock (ML 5.0) of the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake. The seismic moment of this aftershock was calculated as 4.2 × 1023 dyne-cm, and its static stress drop was 130 bars. Static stress drops calculated from the displacement pulse shapes for the three events studied in this paper, as well as for an aftershock of the Oroville earthquake reported by Fletcher et al. (1980), exhibit a relatively narrow range between about 100 and 180 bars. This result indicates that the stress drops of the two main shocks near Anza were not unusually high, relative to those of certain aftershocks in other tectonic settings in California.
A comparative ground response study near Los Angeles using recordings of Nevada nuclear tests and the 1971 San Fernando earthquake
Authors: Rogers A. M. , Borcherdt R. D. , Covington P. A. , Perkins D. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA comparative ground response study at sites in the Los Angeles region is based on the extensive strong-motion data set recorded in the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and 159 three-component recordings of distant nuclear tests in Nevada. Amplitude spectral ratios computed for the nuclear test data over those frequency bands for which there is an adequate signal-to-noise ratio provide statistically stable estimates of the local ground response related to the type of local geologic conditions. Comparison of the strong-motion data recorded from the 1971 San Fernando earthquake with that recorded at 28 of the same sites for the nuclear tests show that the corresponding amplitude spectral ratios are statistically equivalent for most sites, provided reference stations are chosen to minimize effects on the earthquake data of azimuthal source variations and crustal propagation path. Statistical equivalence of the spectral ratios for the two types of data sources suggests that amplitude spectral ratios computed with respect to the appropriate reference station provide a first-order estimate of local ground response.
Use of ray theory to calculate high-frequency radiation from earthquake sources having spatially variable rupture velocity and stress drop
Authors: Spudich Paul , Frazer L. Neil 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe analyze the problem of calculating high-frequency ground motions (&gt;1 Hz) caused by earthquakes having arbitrary spatial variations of rupture velocity and slip velocity (or stress drop) over the fault. We approximate the elastic wave Green's functions by far-field body waves, which we calculate using geometric ray theory. However, we do not make the traditional Fraunhofer approximation, so our method may be used close to large faults. The method is confined to high frequencies (greater than about 1 Hz) due to the omisson of near-field terms, and must be used at source-observer distances less than a few source depths, due to the omission of surface waves. It is easily used in laterally varying velocity structures. Assuming a simple parameterization of the slip function, the computational problem collapses to the evaluation of a series of line integrals over the fault, with one line integral per each time ti in the observer seismogram. The path of integration corresponding to observation time ti consists of only those points on the fault which radiate body waves arriving at the observer at exactly time ti. This path is an isochron of the arrival time function. An isochron velocity may be defined that depends on rupture velocity and resembles the usual directivity function. Observed ground motions are directly dependent upon this isochron velocity. Ground velocity is proportional to isochron velocity and ground acceleration is proportional to isochron acceleration in dislocation models of rupture. Ground acceleration may also be related to spatial variations of slip velocity on the fault, using the square of isochron velocity as a constant of proportionality. We show two rupture models, one with variable slip velocity and the other with variable rupture velocity, that cause the same ground acceleration at a single observer. The computational method is shown to produce reasonably accurate synthetic seismograms, compared to a method using complete Green's functions, and requires about 0.5 per cent of the computer time. It may be very effective in calculating ground motions in the frequency band 1 to 10 Hz at observers within a few source depths of large earthquakes, where most of the high-frequency motions may be caused by direct P and S waves. We suggest a possible method for inverting ground motions for both slip velocity and rupture velocity over the fault.
On strong ground motion estimates based on models of the radiated spectrum
Authors: Luco J. Enrique 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEstimates for peak ground acceleration and velocity were obtained by use of the approach of Hanks and McGuire (1981) and Boore (1983) for a model of the radiated spectrum corresponding to Brune's ω−2 source model modified by an exponentially decreasing function of frequency. This modification was suggested by the work of Anderson and Hough (1984) on spectral amplitudes. For this spectral model, it was found that it is not possible to determine a value for the stress drop parameter such that agreement with data is obtained for both peak accelerations and velocities. This finding contrasts with that of Boore (1983) who found good agreement with data by introducing an artificial cut-off frequency of 15 Hz.
Effect of Annealing at High Temperatures on Microstructural Formation of 15Cr-25Ni Austenitic Stainless Steel Cast
Authors: Syahbuddin - , Parikin - , Dani Mohammad , Mustofa Salim , Insani Andon , Basuki Eddy Agus , Huang Ching An 
Published: July 2021

Microstructure of 15Cr-25Ni Austenite stainless steel (ASS) cast formed at various high temperatures has been investigated in this study. The steel was synthesized from scrap materials containing Cr and Ni elements, respectively, about 15 and 25 wt.%. This steel designed to have high corrosion resistance or high-temperature oxidation is a steel candidate for evaporator materials in a waste incinerator, and their operating temperature is used for annealing temperatures in this study. The variation of annealing temperatures was carried out at temperatures of 400, 600, 800, 950, and 1078°C for a time of 30 minutes. The ASS as-cast and annealed have a similar microstructure dominated by the dendritic structure of Î³-FeNi austenite with the crystal structure of the face-centered cubic interdendritic region of a eutectic structure containing free particle zone and (Fe, Cr)7C3 island compounds. The short dendritic arm spacings for ASS after annealing at temperatures of 400, 600, and 800°C were measured to have about 61.71, 62.11, and 57.85 mm, respectively. By contrast, the longer dendritic arm spacings were obtained after annealing at temperatures of 950 and 1078°C about 70.29 and 197.04 Î¼m, respectively. In addition to higher micro-strains, the short dendritic arm spacings formed after annealing at 400-800° C lead in a relatively higher hardness profile, whereas the longer dendritic arm spacings obtained after annealing at 950 and 1078°C result in a low hardness profile in the ASS.
Desafios para a inserção de produtos orgânicos e agroecológicos na alimentação escolar em pequenos e médios municípios
Authors: Ferraz Mônia Theodoro Machado , Macedo André De Camargo , Antunes Junior Wolney Felippe , Borsatto Ricardo Serra , Souza-Esquerdo Vanilde Ferreira de 
Published: July 2021

No Brasil, o direito do educando à alimentação escolar, via Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), se trata de uma garantia constitucional. Atualmente, há um emergente ativismo alimentar que chama a atenção para a necessidade de a alimentação escolar ser elaborada a partir de produtos saudáveis, culturalmente apropriados e provenientes de sistemas produtivos mais sustentáveis. Diante disso, o nosso objetivo é identificar quais são os fatores que limitam ou fomentam a adição de produtos orgânicos e/ou agroecológicos na alimentação escolar. Esta pesquisa se trata de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, realizada em seis pequenos e médios municípios do estado de São Paulo. Utilizamos como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com diferentes agentes envolvidos na execução do PNAE. Nossos resultados indicam que a presença de agricultores familiares, nos municípios, que já produzem alimentos orgânicos e que são capazes atender as demandas das chamadas públicas, associada à presença de nutricionistas engajados na alimentação saudável, é a principal conjuntura que favorece a inserção destes produtos na alimentação escolar. Como um possível caminho a ser trilhado para avançarmos na compreensão desta problemática, indicamos a abordagemteórico-analítica da burocracia de nível de rua (Street-Level Bureaucracy). Palavras chavesAgricultura Familiar; Compras Públicas; Orgânicos; PNAE; Burocracia de Nível de Rua.
Aspectos Históricos e Sociais do Trabalho do(a) Catador(a) de Materiais Recicláveis
Authors: Rocha Daiane Cristina , Nesi Francischett Mafalda 
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem como propósito refletir sobre os elementos de formação histórico-social-político e o processo de visibilidade do trabalho do(a) Catador(a) de materiais recicláveis. Para tal destaca a relação de tratamento, da sociedade, com os rejeitos e a constituição do trabalho com resíduos no desenvolvimento da prática de reciclagem e as modificações na visibilidade do(a) trabalhador(a). Apresentamos dados bibliográfico-científico-acadêmicos e a legalidade referente. Ao situar o contexto histórico-social de formação da profissão, as políticas de assistência ao aporte necessário às condições de trabalho e de vida, o estudo revela o reconhecimento tardio do(a) trabalhador(a) catador(a), do mesmo modo, de como são instituídas as leis de amparos e de responsabilidades sociais, que na prática, muitas vezes, são desconhecidas.
Comportamento hidro-erosivo de depósitos sedimentares da Formação Macacu situados na Ilha do Governador-RJ
Authors: Portocarrero Hugo , Campos Tácio Mauro Pereira de , Andrade Aluísio Granato de , Brizzi Raphael Rodrigues 
Published: July 2021

A Ilha do Governador, inserida no contexto do Grábenda Guanabara, é marcada pela presença de exposições de depósitos sedimentares paleogênicos pertencentes à Formação Macacu. Tais exposições, atualmente evidentesem cortes de estrada e antigas jazidas para extração de material terroso, apresentam elevado grau de degradação causada pela erosão hídrica, o que é constatado a partir da presença de sulcos e voçorocas.O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o comportamento hidro-erosivo de depósitos sedimentares da Formação Macacu expostos em uma jazidasituada na áreapatrimonial do Aeroporto Internacional do Rio de Janeiro, buscando relacionar sedimentologia, hidráulica e erodibilidade. Após a interpretação geológica das exposições de sedimentos, realizaram-se análises granulométricas e mineralógicas, ensaios de permeabilidade, avaliações dos espaços porais e ensaios de erodibilidade. Reconheceram-se cinco diferentes fácies sedimentares, lamitos arenosos e argilosos das fácies La1e La2, arenitos com estratificação cruzada acanalada das fácies Aca1e Aca2, e arenitos maciços da fácies Am. A organização em ciclos granodecrescentes e a existência de fácies lamosas laminadas a maciças e arenosas, com estratificação cruzada acanalada, linhas de seixos de quartzo e concentrações de concreções lateríticas, foram características bastante similares às encontradas tanto nos depósitos adjacentes, dentro da Ilha do Governador, como em outros depósitos da Formação Macacu. A similaridade composicional, textural, das características permoporosas e da erodibilidade das fácies Aca1, Aca2e Am,e a relativa distinção com as das fácies La1e La2possibilitaram a definição de duas zonas de comportamento hidro-erosivo homogêneo, marcadas pela presença de mecanismos específicos, de maneira análoga ao conceito de hidrofácies. A Zona I, constituída pelos lamitos, representa um aquitardo, mais erodível e menos permeável em relação às fácies arenosas, gerando formas côncavas e incisões verticais profundas, em alguns casos seguindo planos de fraturamento, laminação, ou estruturas de contração. A Zona II, constituída pelos arenitos, representa aquífero pobre com menor erodibilidade em relação à Zona I, esta última resultante da presença do cimento diagênicohematítico/goethítico, formando patamares e totens acima dos lamitos, e controlando a erosão local, cujo caminho se inicia porsulcos estreitos e profundos que, quando atingem os lamitos, avançam até maiores profundidades. As duas zonas delimitadas apresentaram característicaspermoporosas médias muito similares às obtidas para hidrofácies correlacionáveisdescritas na literatura, e em termos de erodibilidade também apresentaram grande concordância com padrões já observados.
The physiochemical properties of kefir using honey concentrations
Authors: Padauleng Meliani Anwar Andi , Maruddin Fatma , Nur Yuliati Farida , Tashi Wangdi Jamyang , Ihsan Andi Dagong Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

Kefir has a sour taste and distinctive aroma. This condition affects the level of consumer acceptance. The level of consumer acceptance of kefir can be improved by adding a sweetener, namely honey. This study aims to determine the characteristics of kefir made from commercial liquid milk to total lactic acid, pH value, viscosity, organoleptic (taste and preference) panelists to kefir with the addition of honey. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment of this research was 4 honey concentrations (5%, 7%, 9% and without the addition of honey (0%) as a control) and was repeated 3 times. Kefir addition of honey is made in the following way: the liquid milk is sterilized at 105oC for 5 minutes and then the sterile milk is cooled down to a temperature of about 40oC. After chilling, sterile milk was inoculated with 3% (v/v) pre-propagated kefir starter and incubated at 37oC for 24 hours. Furthermore, kefir was added with honey treatment with a concentration of 5%, 7% and 9% (v/v) respectively and homogenized. Kefir honey is carried out in a series of tests including total lactic acid, acidity (pH), viscosity, organoleptic (taste and preference). The results showed that the different use of honey kefir did not change the lactic acid content. Increasing use of honey concentration causes pH value, viscosity, sweetness, and preference to increase. The best use of honey concentration in making kefir is 9%.
Fishing Quota and International Obligation: Why Has Indonesia been Indicated as a Non-Compliant State
Authors: Indriyani Rachma , Rahim Asmar Abdul , Azmi Ruzita 
Published: July 2021

Indonesia committed to conserving the tuna resources by participating in some RFMOs. From all regional organizations where Indonesia has been joined, the CCSBT is the unique one, due to it governs a single tuna species, which is called Southern Bluefin Tuna. This kind of tuna is essential for Indonesia because it is the world’s most expensive tuna and SBT migrates through Indonesian fisheries management zones and goes even further within the territorial waters, where the SBT spawning area is located. This natural characteristic distinguishes Indonesia from other Parties to CCSBT. Nevertheless, the Country has been dealing with its obligation to comply with national quota allocation. For some fishing season periods, the CCSBT indicated Indonesia as a non-compliant. By applying the qualitative approach, this study considers how Indonesia’s non-compliance has been addressed in fishing for shared fish stocks. The data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews and legal analysis of law and policy instruments. This method leads the elaboration to reveal domestic factors affecting non-compliance by Indonesia. This study argues, the fisheries legislation should consider the provision concerning fishing for resources under quota system, hence, it will provide sufficient legal base to take enforcement measures towards non-compliance with fishing quota.
Mortality Before and After Border Wall Construction Along the US–Mexico Border, 1990–2017
Authors: Bruch Joseph Dov , Barin Ozlem , Venkataramani Atheendar S. , Song Zirui 
Published: July 2021

Objectives. To evaluate changes in mortality in US counties along the US–Mexico border in which there was substantial new border wall construction after the Secure Fence Act of 2006 relative to border counties in which there was no such border wall construction. Methods. Using complete 1990 to 2017 mortality microdata and a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design, we evaluated changes in overall (all-cause) mortality, mortality from drug overdose, and mortality from homicide in the 10 counties with substantial new border wall construction and 11 counties with no such construction. We fit a linear model, adjusting for population characteristics and county and year fixed effects, with Bonferroni adjustments for multiple comparisons. Sensitivity analyses included the addition of adjacent inland counties and modifications to the statistical model. Results. Relative to counties without substantial new border wall construction, counties in which a substantial amount of new border wall was constructed exhibited a nonsignificant 0.02-percentage-point increase (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.06, 0.10; P > .99) in overall mortality after construction. Border wall construction was not associated with changes in either deaths from overdose or deaths from homicide. Conclusions. Wall construction along the US–Mexico border after the Secure Fence Act of 2006 was not associated with discernible changes in mortality.
Sedimentology and reservoir architecture of a widespread siliciclastic intra-lava unit, Kangerlussuaq, East Greenland
Authors: Vosgerau Henrik , Guarnieri Pierpaolo , Weibel Rikke , Larsen Michael , Bell Brian , Sørensen Erik V. , Nøhr-Hansen Henrik 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe Rosebank hydrocarbon discovery in 2004 proved that intra-lava sandstones form attractive reservoirs in the Faroe–Shetland Basin and the new volcanic play triggered the need for suitable analogues to describe and assess sedimentology, reservoir architecture, compartmentalization, and connectivity of intra-lava siliciclastic units. The onshore Kangerlussuaq Basin in East Greenland offers the opportunity to study Paleogene intra-lava siliciclastic sandstones and their interaction with lavas, on the scale of the Rosebank Field. The focus of this study is a siliciclastic-dominated intra-lava unit, 4–10 m thick, exposed in almost vertical cliff sections over distances of several kilometers. The unit reflects a short return to siliciclastic deposition following initiation of volcanic activity and extrusion of the first lava flows in the area. Deposition took place as shoreface and delta progradation in a marine-influenced, shallow embayment. Lateral variations in sedimentary facies distribution and geometry are prominent and were largely governed by an interplay of base-level variations and autocyclic processes, the surface roughness and type of substratum on which deposition took place, and differential block movements before and during deposition. Presence of local topographic barriers are of key importance and influenced the lava–sediment interaction and the resulting 3D-geometry of lava flows and sediment bodies. In addition, compartmentalization of the intra-lava sandstone unit is observed and is controlled by the offset across normal faults, intersecting dikes, and to a lesser extent by invasive and eroding lavas.A depositional model is suggested that incorporates the detailed sedimentological and 3D photogrammetric observations and presents a possible explanation for the contrasting architecture of the intra-lava unit observed in three areas located a few kilometers apart. The model embraces the complex interplay between siliciclastic and volcanic settings and reveals important aspects to consider when recoverable volumes of hydrocarbons are estimated in intra-volcanic subsurface reservoirs in volcanic rifted margins with poor seismic imaging of the relatively thin intra-lava reservoirs.
Genome-wide detection and quantitation of RNA distribution by ChIRC13a-seq
Authors: Yang Fan , Tanasa Bogdan , Micheletti Rudi , Ohgi Kenneth A. , Aggarwal Aneel K. , Rosenfeld Michael G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Eukaryotic genome are transcribed extensively, but a majority of transcripts remain functionally uncharacterized. This is most ascribed to lacking of a potent RNA-centric technology that is capable of accurately quantitating putative genomic binding sites for endogenous RNAs. We describe here a detailed protocol for Chromatin Isolation by RNA-Cas13a Complex sequencing (ChIRC13a-seq), based on recently discovered CRISPR-Cas13a from Leptotrichia wadei (LwaCas13a), for profiling of RNA associated chromatin binding cites. ChIRC13a-seq employs biotinylated, enzymatically-dead Cas13a (dCas13a) that is still capable of binding target RNA and guide RNAs (gRNAs) specific for the RNA target of interest to enrich RNA and its chromatin binding sites. This assay can be performed in standard molecular biology laboratories with 2 d taken for ChIRC13a-seq library preparation.
A Model for a Practical Evaluation of a DASH-based Rate Adaptive Algorithm over HTTP.
Authors: Younus Muhammad Usman , Shafi Rabia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The proliferation of multimedia devices and user-generated content has driven massive growth in Internet traffic for video streaming. There is a dire need to propose solutions that can pose challenging multimedia streaming issues to achieve a user’s quality. Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) improves the user’s quality through practical systems with limited bandwidth that enables the streaming media to run smoothly. This modern technology can easily improve user perception and defines the media presentation description (MPD) in terms of URL, content file, etc. The proposed adaptation algorithm attempts to determine the optimal solution to alleviate the conflict between maximizing the video quality and avoiding buffer stalls. We evaluate the proposed algorithm against alternative solutions such as ALDASH and FDASH for video content by taking into account the video bitrate, buffer level, and video bitrate switches for the single-user environment. A set of experiments have been conducted to investigate and analyze the benefits of our proposed algorithm. A network simulator NS-3 is used to conduct the performance evaluation by our proposed algorithm. Furthermore, simulation results show that our proposed algorithm enhances video quality performance compared to ALDASH and FDASH in terms of user satisfaction. Last but not least, the experimental results of our proposed algorithm can provide high viewer quality in adaptive streaming as compared to ALDASH and FDASH.