bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyspanus Diecus Roderico, un aperçu des lettres échangées entre le chancelier de Castille et l’archevêque de Tolède (ca. 1218)
Authors: Arizaleta Amaia 
Published: February 2021

On présente ici l’étude d’un dossier épistolaire constitué par des lettres échangées, au début du xiiie siècle, entre Diego García, ancien chancelier du roi de Castille, et Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, primat des Espagnes. Il s’agira, en attendant de mieux connaître le contexte spécifique d’écriture de ces textes, d’appréhender la disposition et l’entrelacement de leurs éléments constitutifs. Cette ébauche d’étude littéraire inscrit ces lettres tolédanes dans les pratiques internationales de l’ars dictaminis, et situe plus précisément Diego, Rodrigo et d’autres clercs lettrés hispaniques dans le paysage de la culture scolaire occidentale des xiie et xiiie siècles.
Pierre de Dreux, dit Mauclerc, serait-il lʼauteur de Tydorel ?
Authors: Maréchal Chantal A. 
Published: February 2021

Comme l’annonce son titre, cet essai a pour objet d’attribuer à Pierre de Dreux, dit Mauclerc, la composition du lai de Tydorel. Notre démonstration s’appuiera sur une analyse des choix thématiques et formels qui ont façonné le poème et des aspirations politiques et esthétiques du trouvère et duc consort de Bretagne. Nous montrerons d’abord avec quel talent le poète a exploité et transformé ses sources pour séduire et manipuler son audience et traduire une aventure courtoise en message politique de nature généalogique. La mise en lumière du phénomène d’« éternel retour » sur lequel repose l’économie du lai nous conduira ensuite à identifier sa destinataire comme étant Alice, duchesse de Bretagne. Enfin, la perfection avec laquelle se confondent la source vive des mots et la force vitale qui a modelé l’existence de Pierre de Dreux, dit Mauclerc, nous encouragera à reconnaître en lui l’auteur de Tydorel.
Yvain, le seigneur des anneaux
Authors: Vincensini Jean-Jacques 
Published: February 2021

Cet article s’attache à faire d’Yvain, un incontestable seigneur… des anneaux. Dans Le Chevalier au lion, ces objets ne sont pas des détails insignifiants ou merveilleux. Après avoir jeté un œil sur l’anneau du célébrissime Bilbon le Hobbit, on mettra les « détails » considérés à leur place en regardant, tout d’abord, comment les romans de Chrétien de Troyes ont permis la dissociation progressive de l’histoire et du roman et la diffusion de valeurs comme l’affirmation des énergies viriles et la séduction fabuleuse de la femme. Le Chevalier au lion en est un excellent témoignage. Car ces nouvelles valeurs y trouvent une surprenante expression grâce à l’association des bagues considérées à une autre figure cruciale du récit, le sang. Dialoguant avec le livre d’Alain Boureau Théologie, Science et Censure au xiiie siècle consacré au saignement accusateur, on mettra au jour le système symbolique serré et riche de sens qui convainc de l’existence d’une véritable raison des fictions.
Le portail royal du Mans et l’évolution de la première sculpture gothique entre les façades de Dijon et de Chartres
Authors: Angheben Marcello 
Published: February 2021

Le portail royal de la cathédrale du Mans a généralement été considéré comme une œuvre exécutée après la façade de la cathédrale de Chartres par des artistes moins talentueux que leurs prédécesseurs. L’analyse iconographique et formelle montre cependant qu’il s’inspire avant tout de la sculpture bourguignonne et plus particulièrement du portail disparu de Saint-Bénigne de Dijon. Depuis les premières années du xiie siècle, les portails de cette région ont accueilli des théophanies atemporelles dérivées de l’Ascension intégrant des composantes semblables ou identiques à celles du Mans et évoquant peut-être la liturgie eucharistique. Quant au portail de Dijon, il partage avec celui du Mans l’essentiel de la structure et du décor des ébrasements – la disposition des statues-colonnes, la présence des saints Pierre et Paul, les chapiteaux des colonnettes, le décor animalier –, auxquels s’ajoutent les arcades architecturées encadrant les personnages du linteau, un cycle de l’Enfance accordant au Massacre des Innocents une place exceptionnelle et les anges thuriféraires. Enfin, plusieurs traits formels dont les vêtements du Christ et des statues-colonnes plaqués sur les fonds trahissent une certaine permanence des formes romanes. La majorité des composantes suggère par conséquent une chronologie relative dans laquelle le portail du Mans s’inscrirait entre la façade de Dijon et celle de Chartres.
Muzlemita, mozlemes, muzlemía : usages et désuétude de quelques arabismes dans la chrétienté ibérique au Moyen Âge
Authors: Gallon Florian 
Published: February 2021

Dans la documentation chrétienne du Moyen Âge, les termes dérivés de l’arabe muslim, propres à désigner les musulmans, sont restés fort peu usités. On en trouve toutefois, dans la péninsule Ibérique du milieu du ixe siècle au début du xiie siècle, une concentration remarquable qui n’a guère attiré l’attention des historiens. Cette étude vise d’abord à en comprendre l’origine et la diffusion. Il en ressort que les occurrences de ces arabismes, passés à la langue romane et au latin, procèdent généralement d’une familiarité directe ou indirecte avec la langue arabe. On dégage ensuite les représentations véhiculées par les textes où apparaissent ces vocables, qui oscillent entre neutralité et considérations positives à l’égard des musulmans. À l’inverse, les mêmes mots peuvent être employés pour disqualifier des chrétiens dévoyés par leur proximité avec l’islam. Pour finir, on s’interroge sur les raisons pour lesquelles ces termes entrèrent en désuétude à partir du xiie siècle.
The Anti-Inflammatory Immune Response in Early Trichinella spiralis Intestinal Infection Depends on Serine Protease Inhibitor–Mediated Alternative Activation of Macrophages
Authors: Xu Ning , Bai Xue , Liu Yan , Yang Yaming , Tang Bin , Shi Hai Ning , Vallee Isabelle , Boireau Pascal , Liu Xiaolei , Liu Mingyuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Trichinella spiralis is recognized for its ability to regulate host immune responses via excretory/secretory (ES) products. Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) play an important role in ES product-mediated immunoregulatory effects during T. spiralis infection. In this study, the immunoregulatory properties of a serpin derived from T. spiralis (Ts-serpin) were explored in BALB/c mice. The results showed that naturally occurring Ts-serpin was detected in the stichosomes of muscle larvae and adult worms. Moreover, enhancing (by injection of a soluble-expressed recombinant Ts-serpin [rTs-serpin]) or blocking (by passive immunization with anti–rTs-serpin serum) the effects of Ts-serpin changed the levels of cytokines related to inflammation induced by T. spiralis infection in the serum, mesenteric lymph nodes, and peritoneal cavity, which then led to a change in the adult worm burden in early T. spiralis infection. Moreover, the phenotypic changes in peritoneal macrophages were found to be related to Ts-serpin–mediated immunoregulation. Furthermore, a STAT6 activation mechanism independent of IL-4Rα has been found to regulate protein-mediated alternative activation of bone marrow–derived macrophages and mimic the immunoregulatory role of Ts-serpin in T. spiralis infection. Finally, the anti-inflammatory properties of rTs-serpin and bone marrow–derived macrophage alternative activation by rTs-serpin were demonstrated using a trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid–induced inflammatory bowel disease model. In summary, a protein-triggered anti-inflammatory mechanism was found to favor the survival of T. spiralis in the early stage of infection and help to elucidate the immunoregulatory effects of T. spiralis on the host immune response.
Factors Associated with Schistosoma mansoni Infestation in Northeast Brazil: A Need to Revisit Individual and Community Risk Factors
Authors: Bezerra Danielle V. F. , Queiroz José W. , Câmara Victor A. V. , Maciel Bruna L. L. , Nascimento Eliana L. T. , Jerônimo Selma M. B. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTIn Brazil, schistosomiasis continues to be an important health issue. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with Schistosoma mansoni infestation. A cross-sectional study was performed to assess factors associated with S. mansoni endemicity in a municipality in Northeast Brazil with a history of reporting schistosomiasis. Participants were divided into four groups: 1) new S. mansoni cases (n = 44), 2) past history of S. mansoni treatment (n = 78), 3) immediate neighbors (n = 158), and 4) nearby controls (n = 35). Multiple comparisons analysis was performed. Subjects had a mean of 6.6 ± 3.9 years of education, and no difference was observed regarding family income (one-way analysis of variance, P = 0.215). A total of 95.9% of the individuals had rudimentary cesspit as sanitary wastewater. The mean body mass index was 28.3 ± 5.1, with 41.0% and 24.1% overweight and obesity, respectively. Of note, 28.9% of adults had hypertension. Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were higher in the recent S. mansoni treated group (Wilks’ lambda, P < 0.001). Male gender was more prevalent in new S. mansoni cases (likelihood ratio, P < 0.001), close proximity to water collections was a risk for S. mansoni infestation (likelihood ratio, P < 0.001), and a better hematological status was observed in individuals recently treated with praziquantel. This study indicates the need to maintain surveillance for S. mansoni in low-transmission areas and the need to establish community-based interventions to control transmission.
Notas de Jurisprudencia.-Tribunal Supremo.
Authors: Gamero Casado Eduardo 
Published: February 2021

SUMARIO:
I. ACTO ADMINISTRATIVO
II. ADMINISTRACIÓN LOCAL
III. ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA
IV. BIENES PÚBLICOS
VI. CONTRATOS
VIII.CULTURA, EDUCACIÓN, PATRIMONIO HISTÓRICO
IX. DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO ECONÓMICO
X. DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO SANCIONADOR
XI. DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES Y LIBERTADES
XIII. FUENTES
XIV. HACIENDA PÚBLICA
XV. JURISDICCIÓN CONTENCIOSO-ADMINISTRATIVA
XVI. MEDIO AMBIENTE
XVIII. PERSONAL
XIX. PROCEDIMIENTO ADMINISTRATIVO
XX. RESPONSABILIDAD PATRIMONIAL.
Reseña de las Disposiciones de las Comunidades Europeas
Authors: Millán Moro Lucia 
Published: February 2021

SUMARIO:
I. ASUNTOS GENERALES, FINANCIEROS E INSTITUCIONALES.
II. UNIÓN ADUANERA, LIBRE CIRCULACIÓN DE MERCANCÍAS Y POLÍTICA COMERCIAL
III. POLÍTICA AGRÍCOLA
IV. POLÍTICA PESQUERA
V. LIBRE CIRCULACION DE LOS TRABAJADORES, POLÍTICA SOCIAL Y DE EMPLEO
VI. DERECHO DE ESTABLECIMIENTO Y LIBRE PRESTACIÓN DE SERVICIOS
VII. POLÍTICA DE TRANSPORTES
VIII. POLÍTICA DE LA COMPETENCIA
IX. FISCALIDAD
X. POLÍTICA ECONOMICA Y MONETARIA Y LIBRE CIRCULACIÓN DE CAPITALES
XI. RELACIONES EXTERIORES Y COOPERACIÓN AL DESARROLLO
XII. ENERGÍA
XIII. POLÍTICA INDUSTRIAL Y MERCADO INTERIOR
XIV. POLÍTICA REGIONAL, COORDINACIÓN DE LOS INSTRUMENTOS ESTRUCTURALES Y REDES TRANSEUROPEAS
XV. PROTECCIÓN DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE, DEL CONSUMIDOR Y DE LA SALUD
XVI. INFORMACIÓN, EDUCACIÓN, CULTURA Y DEPORTE, POLÍTICA DE LA JUVENTUD
XVII. CIENCIA, INVESTIGACIÓN Y DESARROLLO TECNOLÓGICO Y ESPACIO, PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL E INDUSTRIAL.
XVIII. DERECHO DE EMPRESAS
XIX. CIUDADANÍA DE LA UNIÓN Y PROTECCIÓN DE DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES
XX. POLÍTICA EXTERIOR Y DE SEGURIDAD COMÚN
XXI. ESPACIO DE LIBERTAD, SEGURIDAD Y JUSTICIA
INFORME: Las Hojas de Quejas y Reclamaciones de las personas consumidoras y usuarias en Andalucía y su tramitación administrativa
Authors: Núñez Lozano María del Carmen 
Published: February 2021

SUMARIO:
I. INTRODUCCIÓN
II. DISPOSICIONES GENERALES
III.- DISPONIBILIDAD Y PUBLICIDAD DE LAS HOJAS DE QUEJAS Y RECLAMACIONES
IV. PRESENTACIÓN DE LAS HOJAS DE QUEJAS Y RECLAMACIONES
V. TRAMITACIÓN DE QUEJAS Y RECLAMACIONES POR LA ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA
Formación docente en matemáticas. Caso de las licenciaturas en inicial y primaria en una universidad de República Dominicana
Authors: Piña del Rosario Marcelina 
Published: February 2021

La investigación que se presenta es un estudio empírico descriptivo realizado en cuatro de los seis recintosdel Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Salomé Ureña (ISFODOSU); Universidad Pedagógica públicade la República Dominicana adscrita al Ministerio de Educación. El objetivo del estudio ha sido analizar lasestrategias didácticas implementadas por los formadores de formadores de matemática en los programas de licenciatura en inicial y primaria de esa entidad.
Para obtener los hallazgos se aplicaron encuestas con enunciados abiertos y escala de Likert. Tambiénentrevistas grabadas que fueron aplicados a docentes, alumnos y funcionarios vinculados con la formaciónde los docentes, tanto de la universidad objeto de estudio, como de otras instancias implicadas.
Se trata de una investigación mixta en la cual se utilizan técnicas, tanto cuantitativas como cualitativas.Los datos fueron organizados y analizados usando el SPSS y la técnica FODA.
Los resultados expuestos hacen referencias a estrategias didácticas que se implementan en el ISFODOSUpara formar a los nuevos docentes de matemática, las creencias, aptitudes, actitudes y concepcionesque inciden, sus fortalezas y debilidades, así como la influencia de la política de formación docente.
Con el estudio se elabora, en la actualidad, una propuesta para la formación matemática que requieren los futuros docentes.
THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN KENYA
Authors: Lagat Philemon , Nyangena Dr. John 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This study examined the effects of climate variability on livestock production in Kenya.Methodology: The study used the Ricardian cross-sectional approach to measure the relationship between climate variability and net revenue from livestock. Net livestock revenue is regressed against various climate and socio-economic variables to help determine the factors that influence variability in net livestock revenues. This study is based on data from ASDSP household baseline survey of 1871 livestock farming households interviewed across the country.Results: The empirical results show that climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) have significant effects on net livestock revenues in Kenya. The net livestock revenues are affected negatively by increases in temperature and rainfall. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that there is a need to provide adequate extension information services to ensure that farmers receive up-to-date information so as to ensure increased production. Similarly, policies that increase farmer training and access to credit can help improve net livestock revenues.
THE IMPACT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT ON AGRICULTURAL SECTOR PERFOMANCE IN KENYA
Authors: Kimani John Githii , Ruigu Dr. George Ruigu 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of research and development investment/expenditure on the agricultural sector performance in Kenya.Methodology: The study took the peoples impact assessment direction. The data for this study was collected from various government agencies such as KARI, ASTI, Kenya Agricultural Sector Data compendium website, FAOSTAT, World Bank among others. Co-integration and error correction modeling methods were used in analyzing the data for this study.Results: Co-integration results for both the parsimonious and non-parsimonious model indicated that that there is a long-run relationship among the variables in the agriculture performance in Kenya. Further, findings in this study indicated that the variables under study were insignificant determinants of the long run Total Factor Productivity of the agricultural sector. Meanwhile, Trade openness was the only significant determinant of the short run agricultural Total Factor Productivity.Unique Contribution to Policy and Practice: This study recommends the institutionalization of policies aimed at ensuring interaction between the various stakeholders in the agricultural sectors. This interaction will ensure that resources are better allocated to reduce duplication of research and dissemination activities. In addition, greater collaboration among the stakeholders will promote and strengthen the connection between research, policy and the application of research findings. The study further advocates that the government should follow a trade liberazation oriented approach to the agricultural sector as opposed to a trade tightening approach.
REVIEW OF TWENTY YEARS OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES RESEARCH AT HENFAES SILVOPASTORAL NATIONAL NETWORK EXPERIMENT
Authors: Nworji Michael Jide 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This study systematically reviewed and synthesised all the scientific literature that has so far been conducted on the ecosystem services of the UK’s Silvopastoral National Network Experiment, the Henfaes Silvopastoral Systems Experimental Farm of Bangor University, Wales, and other studies in temperate Europe from 1988 to 2012 to establish what has been done to date, the benefits and contributions to our knowledge base, and potential knowledge gaps and priorities for future research.Methodology: All available papers and grey literatures, since the inception of the UK’s Silvopastoral National Network Experiment in 1988, were extracted and reviewed primarily by accessing various electronic databases and existing library collections. The research papers were split into peer-reviewed (published) and non-peer-reviewed (unpublished) papers. The ecosystem services framework was used to relate the four major categories of ecosystem services (provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting) to the scientific domain of the research studies. The scientific domains addressed include timber or wood-fuel potential, pasture/livestock management, carbon sequestration, soil improvement, water management, and biodiversity enhancement.Findings: Results show that 66 research studies were conducted over the 20-year study period on ecosystem services of which 45% were produced based on studies at Henfaes Silvopastoral Systems Experimental Farm, 32% at UK’s Silvopastoral National Network Experiment, 12% were from other silvopastoral systems trials in the UK, and 11% were from European-wide silvopastoral systems studies. The trendline indicated that the number of annual studies on ecosystem services were greatest in the mid and late 1990s than in any other time over the 20-year study period. The studied ecosystem services dealt with provisioning services (40%), regulating services (13%), and supporting services (47%). The scientific domains addressed include timber or wood-fuel potential (20%), pasture/livestock management (20%), biodiversity (20%), carbon sequestration (13%), water management (15%), and soils (12%).Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It is hoped that the results of this study will lead to better understanding of the economic and environmental implications of silvopastoral system, and hence generate more attention towards accelerating its adoption and institutionalization in national rural development policies.
Occurrence and Distribution of Aflatoxin in Maize from Selected Counties, Eastern Region, Kenya
Authors: Jacob Nicholas M. , Wandiga Shem O. , Kariuki David K. , Madadi Vincent O. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The study aimed to assess the occurrence and distribution of aflatoxin contamination on dry maize in different types of stores in Meru, Embu, Isiolo, Makueni and Machakos Counties of Eastern region of Kenya.Methodology: Automatic spear sampler was used to collect maize samples from each bag at even intervals. 280 maize samples were collected from 29 stores in five Counties. 100 g of each maize sample was ground, resampled into 50g, blended, extracted, centrifuged, filtered and a quantified for Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2. Samples were prepared and extracted with methanol/water. The bulky of the samples were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunoassay test kits. Confirmation of positive samples was done with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with fluorescence detector. Data analysis was done with SPSS and Microsoft excel.Findings: Maize samples from Counties in eastern region of Kenya had significantly high levels of (93.10%) aflatoxin contamination. The mean values for aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 were: 50.08± 4.42, 17.26±1.08, 30.17±2.06 and 10.54± 1.52 (ng/g) in that order. Only nine samples had total aflatoxin within the accepted limit for human consumption of 15 ng/g. The highest total aflatoxin contamination recorded was 198.45ng/g in Makueni county and the lowest recorded was 8.76ng/g in Embu county. Makueni and Embu had mean values for aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 being (83.07±7.53, 22.15± 1.36, 49.38±3.11, 20.52± 0.70 ng/g) and (18.71 ±2.63, 8.07 ±0.64, 17.02 ±1.38, 8.86 ±1.62 ng/g). Makueni NCPB depot had the highest mean contamination with aflatoxin B1 of 92.67± 5.78 ng/g and Embu had the lowest with 6.26 ± 4.14 ng/g. All the county markets recorded high aflatoxin B1 contamination with exception of Embu county which had a mean of 4.0 ±0.84, Makueni (83.67± 10.42 ng/g), Isiolo (51.27± 32.29 ng/g), Meru (46.02± 23.88 ng/g) and Machakos (36.34± 26.27 ng/g). The stores had aflatoxin load varied from on store to the other and county to county.Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The counties in the region had high occurrence and distribution of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 in maize in all stores where samples were picked. Location for maize stores should be in areas with low levels of carbon dioxide because mycotoxins are produced under aerobic conditions. The design for maize threshing machines should not course shocks, breakage and cracks on maize grains to decrease chances of mycotoxins infestation during their storage.
Effect of Beneficiary Participation on the Implementation of Sand Dam Drift Projects in Kaiti Sub-County
Authors: Masila Benson Muteti , Iravo Dr. Mike 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of beneficiary participation on the implementation of sand dam drift projects in Kaiti Sub-County.Methodology: The study used descriptive research design. The target population for the study was all 19, 656 households in Kaiti Sub-County. The sample size was 150 household. The study used simple random sampling to select the household. The households’ heads were the respondents. The study used primary data gathered by use of a structured and semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as, mean and frequencies and inferential statistics, regression and correlation analysis, were used to perform data analysis. A multiple linear regression analysis model was used to test the hypotheses and link the variables. Results: The findings indicated that there was a positive and a significant relationship between Beneficiaries’ participation in identification of project activities, Beneficiary Commitment, Beneficiary knowledge and Capacity building and the implementation of sand dam drift projects.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The findings of this study are useful to the government in policy formulation on community project involvement.