bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do aspermic (parthenogenetic) Fasciola forms have the ability to reproduce their progeny via parthenogenesis?
Authors: Ohari Y. , Hayashi K. , Takashima Y. , Itagaki T. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Across Far East Asia, aspermic Fasciola forms are found endemically. They have abnormal spermatogenesis and oogenesis, and it is presumed that their progeny are produced parthenogenetically and clonally. Because of this, they are also termed parthenogenic Fasciola forms. Currently, there is no evidence that they do indeed reproduce parthenogenetically and clonally. In this study, the multilocus genetic type (MLG) in 12 microsatellite markers of adult flukes and their subsequent progeny larvae were analysed using two laboratory aspermic Fasciola triploid strains. The MLGs of adults and their larvae were identical for all markers evaluated, suggesting that these strains reproduce their progeny clonally. The deviation between theoretical and actual frequency within the larvae genotype of the Fh_6 locus resulted in the inability for self-fertilization within individual adult flukes. These findings strongly suggested that aspermic Fasciola forms reproduce their progeny by means of parthenogenesis, possibly gynogenesis.
A Reconsideration of the Chronology of a Decree of Abdera (Syll.3656) and the Introduction of the concept of Roman Patronage to the Greeks in the Second Century BC
Authors: Ito Masayuki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRoman patronage was known to the Greeks in various contexts even in the period of the Third Macedonian War. The reference to it in an Abderan decree (Syll.3656) can be dated to the 160s BC as part of this process. Although this date is chronologically isolated from the other instances of the term πάτρων in Greek inscriptions, in the light of our historical sources as a whole it is reasonable to treatSyll.3656 as evidence of how the Greeks were gradually trying to respond to Roman culture and institutions through changes in their own language and terminology even before the period when Rome ruled them directly. Supplementary material is available online and comprises two appendices (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0075426921000033).
Stochastic model for COVID-19 in slums: interaction between biology and public policies
Authors: Solari H. G. , Natiello M. A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present a mathematical model for the simulation of the development of an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a slum area under different interventions. Instead of representing interventions as modulations of the parameters of a free-running epidemic, we introduce a model structure that accounts for the actions but does not assume the results. The disease is modelled in terms of the progression of viraemia reported in scientific studies. The emergence of symptoms in the model reflects the statistics of a nation-wide highly detailed database consisting of more than 62 000 cases (about a half of them confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tests) with recorded symptoms in Argentina. The stochastic model displays several of the characteristics of COVID-19 such as a high variability in the evolution of the outbreaks, including long periods in which they run undetected, spontaneous extinction followed by a late outbreak and unimodal as well as bimodal progressions of daily counts of cases (second waves without ad-hoc hypothesis). We show how the relation between undetected cases (including the ‘asymptomatic’ cases) and detected cases changes as a function of the public policies, the efficiency of the implementation and the timing with respect to the development of the outbreak. We show also that the relation between detected cases and total cases strongly depends on the implemented policies and that detected cases cannot be regarded as a measure of the outbreak, being the dependency between total cases and detected cases in general not monotonic as a function of the efficiency in the intervention method. According to the model, it is possible to control an outbreak with interventions based on the detection of symptoms only in the case when the presence of just one symptom prompts isolation and the detection efficiency reaches about 80% of the cases. Requesting two symptoms to trigger intervention can be enough to fail in the goals.
THE DEITY AS A MOSAIC: IMAGES OF THE GOD XIPE TOTEC IN DIVINATORY CODICES FROM CENTRAL MESOAMERICA
Authors: Mikulska Katarzyna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article I argue that the graphic images of the gods in the divinatory codices are composed of signs of different semantic values which encode particular properties. All of them contribute to creating the identity of the god. However, these graphic elements are not only shared by different deities, but even differ between representations of the same god. Analyzing the graphic images of Xipe Totec, one of the best-studied deities and one of the oldest in Mesoamerica, I elaborate a hypothesis that the images of the gods in the divinatory codices were perceived by their authors as a mosaic of different properties, which at the same time were dynamic. Consequently, there was not even one “prototypical” representation of a single god, since possibly the identity of a god was defined precisely when composing his/her image with particular graphic signs, thus crystallizing some of his/her multiple properties, important at this precise moment.
PETERZIL–STEINHORN SUBGROUPS AND -STABILIZERS IN ACF
Authors: Kamensky Moshe , Starchenko Sergei , Ye Jinhe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider G, a linear algebraic group defined over
$\Bbbk $
, an algebraically closed field (ACF). By considering
$\Bbbk $
as an embedded residue field of an algebraically closed valued field K, we can associate to it a compact G-space
$S^\mu _G(\Bbbk )$
consisting of
$\mu $
-types on G. We show that for each
$p_\mu \in S^\mu _G(\Bbbk )$
,
$\mathrm {Stab}^\mu (p)=\mathrm {Stab}\left (p_\mu \right )$
is a solvable infinite algebraic group when
$p_\mu $
is centered at infinity and residually algebraic. Moreover, we give a description of the dimension of
$\mathrm {Stab}\left (p_\mu \right )$
in terms of the dimension of p.
Integrating variable risk preferences, trust, and transaction cost economics – 25 years on: reflections in memory of Oliver Williamson
Authors: McMackin John F. , Chiles Todd H. , Lam Long W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this essay, we honour the memory of Oliver Williamson by reflecting on Chiles and McMackin's 1996Academy of Management Reviewarticle ‘Integrating variable risk preferences, trust, and transaction cost economics’. The article, which built on Williamson's work in transaction cost economics (TCE), went on to attract attention not only from the authors’ home discipline of management and organisation studies, but also from other business disciplines, the professions and the social sciences. After revisiting the article's origins and core arguments, we turn to selectively (re)view TCE's development since 1996 through the lens of this article, focusing on trust, risk and subjective costs. We cover conceptual and empirical developments in each of these areas and reflect on how our review contributes to previous debates concerning trade-offs implicit in relaxing TCE's behavioural assumptions. We conclude by reflecting on key points of learning from our review and possible implications for future research.
Expanded graphite monopole antenna printed on flexible paper substrate for 2.4 GHz wireless systems
Authors: Abdel Aziz Ahmed A. , Abdel-Motagaly Ali T. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Rouby Waleed M. A. El , Abdalla Mahmoud A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, a printed coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed single band antenna based on expanded graphite material is introduced. The proposed antenna is based on a CPW-monopole antenna with a U-shape conductor strip connected with the ground. Expanded graphite, a grade of graphene, is used as a conductor to design the uniplanar antenna over a flexible paper substrate. The antenna is designed for 2.4 GHz applications. The antenna design procedures are discussed. The material preparation and analysis are illustrated. Finally, the antenna fabrication and measurements of the reflection coefficient are discussed. The measured antenna reflection coefficient agrees with the simulated one, ensuring the antenna validity for serving the required applications. The radiation antenna parameters are discussed and simulated results from two-simulation software are included for comparison. The antenna has a simulated gain of 4 dBi and simulated efficiency of around 90% at 2.4 GHz.
Steps Towards a Legal Ontological Turn: Proposals for Law's Place beyond the Human
Authors: Boulot Emille , Sterlin Joshua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnvironmental law remains grounded in a ‘one-world world’ paradigm. This ontological structure asserts that, regardless of variation in world-construing, all beings occupy one ‘real’ world of discrete entities. The resulting legal system is viewed as an independent set of norms and procedures regulating the ‘human’ use of the ‘environment’ by specifying allowable harm rather than adjudicating on mutually enhancing relations. This legal form fails to fulfil its purpose of prevention and remediation, and constitutes a significant barrier to overcoming world(s)-destroying conditions. As such, we take up the injunction for a ‘legal ontological turn’ so as to lay bare these assumptions, and to be able to move beyond their constraints into a renewed exploration at the intersection of vastly differing legalities. In dialogue with systems-grounded ecological jurisprudence(s), Indigenous legal thinking, and anthropological insight, we seek to ground future discussions towards building a truly earth-sustaining form of environmental law for all beings.
Modeling Meteorological Effects on Cosmic Ray Muons Utilizing Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Savić M. , Maletić D. , Dragić A. , Veselinović N. , Joković D. , Banjanac R. , Udovičić V. , Knežević D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCorrection of meteorological effects on muon component of secondary cosmic rays significantly extends the usability of muon monitors. We propose a new data driven empirical method for correction of meteorological effects on muon component of secondary cosmic rays, based on multivariate analysis. Several multivariate algorithms implemented in Toolkit for Multivariate Data Analysis with ROOT framework are trained and then applied to correct muon count rate for barometric and temperature effects. The effect of corrections on periodic and aperiodic cosmic ray variations is analyzed and compared with integral correction method, as well as with neutron monitor data. The best results are achieved by the application of linear discriminant method, which increases sensitivity of our muon detector to cosmic ray variations beyond other commonly used methods.
Shifting Contribution of Climatic Constraints on Evapotranspiration in the Boreal Forest
Authors: Wang Tongxin , Zhang Hongyan , Zhao Jianjun , Guo Xiaoyi , Xiong Tao , Wu Rihan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe global evapotranspiration (ET) shows an increasing trend with global warming in recent decades, while ET variation in different regions is still uncertain. Boreal forest ecosystem, as one of the most sensitive regions to climate change, are still poorly understood due to the sparse observation and the changing of ET in the boreal forest has been covered up for lower values compared to lower‐latitude regions. Based on the PT‐JPL model, we estimated the ET in the boreal forest during 1982–2015. The annual ET showed an increasing trend (0.5073 mm year−1). Seventy percentage of the boreal forest area is increasing which mainly occurred in Central Canada, Alaska, Central Siberia and Northern Europe, while 24% is decreasing, which occurred in the southern Siberia, Northern Mongolia and Northern Canada. The quantification of basic climatic factors shows that atmospheric demand is the main factor with an increasing trend which is accordance with the (a) increasing temperature; (b) annual precipitation is increasing providing increasing water supply for boreal forest. Factorial experiments were also conducted and showed that the climatic constraints that contribute mainly to ET have gradually shifted from net radiation to moisture restriction in the boreal forest. The moisture control tendency indicated that ET in the boreal forest was gradually controlled by humidity rather than energy, suggesting a limited water supply and an intensifying water cycle in the boreal forest.
Glacial‐Interglacial Shifts Dominate Tropical Indo‐Pacific Hydroclimate During the Late Pleistocene
Authors: Windler Grace , Tierney Jessica E. , Anchukaitis Kevin J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe climatic drivers of tropical rainfall and atmospheric circulation in the late Pleistocene are still debated. Some studies suggest that tropical precipitation primarily responded to precession (23–19 ky cycle), whereas others propose that glacial‐interglacial (100 ky) changes in ice sheets and sea level dominate. Here, we reexamine orbital influences on tropical‐to‐subtropical precipitation isotopes using singular spectrum analysis to isolate leading oscillatory modes from proxy records across the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) and Asian monsoon domain. We find that the IPWP, Bay of Bengal, and South China Sea are dominated by the 100 ky glacial‐interglacial mode of variability, whereas eastern China clearly follows precession, suggesting that precipitation isotopes over the mid‐latitude Asian continent respond to different mechanisms than those in the IPWP or Indian and East Asian monsoon regions. This study demonstrates that glacial cycles, rather than changes in local insolation, are the dominant drivers of Pleistocene IPWP hydroclimate.
Variation of Internal Solitary Wave Propagation Induced by the Typical Oceanic Circulation Patterns in the Northern South China Sea Deep Basin
Authors: Xie Jieshuo , Fang Wendong , He Yinghui , Chen Zhiwu , Liu Guangping , Gong Yankun , Cai Shuqun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLarge‐scale circulations are quite typical processes in the northern South China Sea (SCS) deep basin, yet their impacts on the variation of internal solitary waves (ISWs) remains poorly understood. We, here, focus on impacts of the upstream SCS western boundary current (SCSwbc) and three typical circulation patterns associated with different Kuroshio intruding paths on ISW propagation in this region. We show that the ISW modulated by the upstream SCSwbc gets a speedup, which is comparable to that induced by Coriolis effect, while the ISW amplitude shows an obvious reduction. Statistically, there is approximately one‐third time of 23 years (1993–2015) when circulation‐induced changes of wave speed exceed Coriolis‐induced changes. Specifically, the looping circulation pattern has the highest impact on significant speedup and amplitude reduction among the three patterns, while the leaping pattern has the lowest impact. These differences in wave characteristics caused by different circulation patterns result from the wave scattering, focusing and Doppler effects.
Replenishment of Near‐Surface Water Ice by Impacts Into Ceres' Volatile‐Rich Crust: Observations by Dawn's Gamma Ray and Neutron Detector
Authors: Prettyman T. H. , Yamashita N. , Landis M. E. , Castillo‐Rogez J. C. , Schörghofer N. , Pieters C. M. , Sizemore H. G. , Hiesinger H. , Marchi S. , McSween H. Y. , Park R. S. , Toplis M. J. , Raymond C. A. , Russell C. T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCeres' regolith contains water ice that has receded in response to insolation‐driven sublimation. Specially targeted, high spatial‐resolution measurements of hydrogen by Dawn's Gamma Ray and Neutron Detector (GRaND) reveal elevated hydrogen concentrations in and around Occator, a young, 90 km diameter, complex crater located at 19.82°N where near‐surface ice is not expected. The excess hydrogen can be explained by impact excavation of water‐rich outer crustal materials and their emplacement in the crater floor and ejecta blanket. This is supported by thermophysical models that show water ice could survive at sub‐meter depths, given Occator's relatively young age (∼20 Myr). We hypothesize that the regolith can be replenished with ice from large impacts and that this process partially controls the distribution and depth of near surface ice. This is supported by results from Occator and similarities in the global distribution of hydrogen and the pattern of large craters (20–100 km diameter).
Observation of Periodic Rising and Falling Tone ECH Waves at Saturn
Authors: Teng S. , Wu Y. , Guo R. , Yao Z. , Tao X. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElectron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves are effective in precipitating electrons into the loss cone to form diffuse aurora. Recent observations have shown that ECH waves at Earth could exhibit frequency chirping, which is an interesting feature of various plasma waves and whose mechanism is under intensive research. Whether chirping of ECH waves is also present in other planetary magnetospheres, however, is unknown. In this paper, we report the first observation of quasi‐periodic ECH waves with frequency chirping at Saturn using Cassini data. The identified six falling tone and one rising tone ECH wave events occur at near the magnetic equator. The duration of ECH wave chirping elements lasts from seconds to minutes. Our findings suggest that frequency chirping of ECH waves could be observed at other planetary magnetosphere, and are useful to understand the fundamental mechanisms of frequency chirping of various plasma waves.
Deubiquitinating enzyme USP30 negatively regulates mitophagy and accelerates myocardial cell senescence through antagonism of Parkin
Authors: Pan Wei , Wang Yaowen , Bai Xinyu , Yin Yuehui , Dai Limeng , Zhou Hong , Wu Qin , Wang Yan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCell senescence is associated with age-related pathological changes. Increasing evidence has revealed that mitophagy can selectively remove dysfunctional mitochondria. Overexpression of ubiquitin-specific protease 30 (USP30) has been documented to influence mitophagy and deubiquitination of mitochondrial Parkin substrates. This study was conducted to evaluate the roles of USP30 and Parkin in myocardial cell senescence and mitophagy. Initially, myocardial cells were isolated from neonatal SD rats and subjected to d-gal treatment to induce cell senescence, after which the effects of d-gal on mitochondria damage, ROS production, cell senescence, and mitophagy were assessed. The myocardial cells were infected with lentiviruses bearing overexpression plasmids or shRNA targeting Parkin or USP30 to elucidate the effects of Parkin and USP30 on d-gal-induced mitophagy damage and cell senescence. Finally, aging was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of d-gal to determine the role of Parkin and USP30 on cell senescence in vivo. d-gal was found to trigger mitochondria damage, ROS production, and cell senescence in myocardial cells. The overexpression of Parkin or silencing of USP30 reduced d-gal-induced mitochondrial damage and relieved d-gal-induced myocardial cell senescence. Moreover, the in vivo experiments validated that either elevation of Parkin or silencing USP30 could alleviate d-gal-induced myocardial cell senescence in rats. Silencing USP30 alleviates d-gal-induced mitochondrial damage and consequently suppresses myocardial cell senescence by activating Parkin. Our study highlights the potential of USP30 as a novel target against myocardial cell senescence.
Tracking single particles for hours via continuous DNA-mediated fluorophore exchange
Authors: Stehr Florian , Stein Johannes , Bauer Julian , Niederauer Christian , Jungmann Ralf , Ganzinger Kristina , Schwille Petra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMonitoring biomolecules in single-particle tracking experiments is typically achieved by employing fixed organic dyes or fluorescent fusion proteins linked to a target of interest. However, photobleaching typically limits observation times to merely a few seconds, restricting downstream statistical analysis and observation of rare biological events. Here, we overcome this inherent limitation via continuous fluorophore exchange using DNA-PAINT, where fluorescently-labeled oligonucleotides reversibly bind to a single-stranded DNA handle attached to the target molecule. Such versatile and facile labeling allows uninterrupted monitoring of single molecules for extended durations. We demonstrate the power of our approach by observing DNA origami on membranes for tens of minutes, providing perspectives for investigating cellular processes on physiologically relevant timescales.
Massively parallel in vivo CRISPR screening identifies RNF20/40 as epigenetic regulators of cardiomyocyte maturation
Authors: VanDusen Nathan J. , Lee Julianna Y. , Gu Weiliang , Butler Catalina E. , Sethi Isha , Zheng Yanjiang , King Justin S. , Zhou Pingzhu , Suo Shengbao , Guo Yuxuan , Ma Qing , Yuan Guo-Cheng , Pu William T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe forward genetic screen is a powerful, unbiased method to gain insights into biological processes, yet this approach has infrequently been used in vivo in mammals because of high resource demands. Here, we use in vivo somatic Cas9 mutagenesis to perform an in vivo forward genetic screen in mice to identify regulators of cardiomyocyte (CM) maturation, the coordinated changes in phenotype and gene expression that occur in neonatal CMs. We discover and validate a number of transcriptional regulators of this process. Among these are RNF20 and RNF40, which form a complex that monoubiquitinates H2B on lysine 120. Mechanistic studies indicate that this epigenetic mark controls dynamic changes in gene expression required for CM maturation. These insights into CM maturation will inform efforts in cardiac regenerative medicine. More broadly, our approach will enable unbiased forward genetics across mammalian organ systems.
A nature-based solution to a landfill-leachate contamination of a confined aquifer
Authors: Abiriga Daniel , Jenkins Andrew , Vestgarden Live S. , Klempe Harald 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRemediation of groundwater from landfill contamination presents a serious challenge due to the complex mixture of contaminants discharged from landfills. Here, we show the significance of a nature-based solution to a landfill-contaminated aquifer in southeast Norway. Groundwater physicochemical parameters monitored for twenty-eight years were used as a proxy to infer natural remediation. Results show that concentrations of the major chemical variables decreased with time and distance until they tailed off. An exception to this was sulphate, which showed an increase, but apparently, exhibits a stationary phase. The water types were found to be most similar between samples from active landfill and post-closure stages, while samples from the stabilised stage showed a different water type. All the chemical parameters of samples from the stabilised stage were found to be within the Norwegian drinking water standards, except iron and manganese, which were only marginally above the limits, an indication of a possible recovery of this aquifer. The findings highlight the significance of natural attenuation processes in remediating contaminated aquifers and have significant consequences for future contamination management, where natural remediation can be viewed as an alternative worth exploring. This is promising in the wake of calls for sustainable remediation management strategies.