bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors That Influence NICU Health Care Professionals' Decision Making to Implement Family-Centered Care
Authors: Vittner Dorothy , DeMeo Stephen , Vallely Jaxon , Parker Mary , Baxter Anna , McGrath Jacqueline 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a multifaceted, technology-driven high stress environment for professionals, infants and families.

Purpose:
Examine healthcare professionals' beliefs and perceptions regarding providing FCC within the context of NICU.

Methods:
This exploratory descriptive study used an online-survey format. The survey comprised several instruments including the Perceived Stress Scale, symptoms of burnout subscale from the Professional Quality of Life scale, and the Family Nurse Caring Belief Scale (FNCBS). Demographic and open-ended items were also included.

Results:
Sample consisted of 115 multidisciplinary participants working in a level IV neonatal intensive care unit. Participants report strong levels of FCC beliefs. Participants strongly agreed (82%) or agreed (18%) that no matter how sick the infant is, he or she needs to be treated as an individual. A significant correlation (r=−0.343, P < .001) exists between participant's stress composite score and FNCBS composite score. There were significant relationships between participant's years of experience (F = 5.35, P < .002) and education levels (F = 2.60, P < .05) and higher FNCBS composite scores. There were also significant relationships between participant's years of experience (F = 4.77, P < .004) and education (F = 2.89, P < .039) with higher Perceived Stress Scale composite scores.

Implications for Practice:
Results suggest that while participants agreed that FCC is important, they also believed that inadequate staffing and inappropriate assignments may lead to rationing of care.

Implications for Research:
Further research is needed to explore factors that lead to rationing of FCC.
Assessment of Cs-137, Am-241, and Cf-252 in Well Logging
Authors: Shhub Abdu Naser 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper assesses radiation exposures resulting from 137Cs, 241Am, and 252Cf during well logging incidents. Based on a hypothetical rupture incident, the computer code RESRAD-OFFSITE is run for both offsite and onsite exposure locations. The absorbed doses are compared among three radioactive sources. The adverse health and environmental impact of 241Am is higher than the impact from the other two radioactive sources (137Cs and 252Cf) due to its relatively long half-life and radioactive progeny. The serious impact of 241Am will appear many years after its abandonment depending on its initial activity in the soil. For offsite, the highest maximum dose is due to 241Am (6.18 mSv y−1), which is more than 22 times the maximum doses from 137Cs and 252Cf. For onsite, the highest maximum doses are due to 241Am (121 mSv y−1), which is more than twice the maximum doses from 137Cs and 252Cf. For offsite and onsite, the dominant pathway for 137Cs is direct radiation from soil, the dominant pathway for 241Am is drinking water followed by plant ingestion, and the dominant pathway for 252Cf is direct radiation from soil. Doses from 137Cs and 252Cf are mainly impacted by the contamination on the surface. For 241Am, the opposite is true. Americium-241 doses are mainly impacted by the contamination below the surface. Based on these findings, the exposure impact for replacing an 241Am neutron source for well logging with 252Cf is assessed.
Distraction Osteogenesis Plus Permanent Rigid Fixation for Mandibular Deformities in Nongrowing Patients: A Comparative Study
Authors: Mahmood Barakat Abdelreheem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a commonly used intervention of mandibular deformities. However, relapse of the newly constructed mandible is a significant concern. The present comparative study aimed to investigate use of rigid fixation in addition to DO in management of mandibular deformities. The present study included 20 patients with mandibular deformities indicated for DO. The study comprised 10 patients who agreed to perform rigid fixation (DO + RF) and other 10 patients who refused to perform the additional procedure (DO). All patients were subjected to standard mandibular DO. In patients subjected to additional RF with plate and screws, on the last day of distraction, the distractor is removed in the theatre under general anesthesia. Then by an intraoral incision on the previous scar, the distracted part is explored and the plate is applied in the lower part of the mandible to avoid destruction of the teeth roots. All patients are subjected to close observation and radiological evaluation for the appearance of any complication, signs of relapse at the intervals of 1 week and 6 months and 1 year. At the end of follow-up, 2 patients in the DO + RF group relapsed while all patients in the DO only group relapsed (P < 0.001). The relapsed distance was significantly greater in the DO group [(median (range): 0.3 (0.1–1.3) versus 0.0 (0.0–0.2), P ≤ 0.001]. DO + RF provided significantly lower rate and distance of relapse in nongrowing patients with mandibular deformities.
Scent dog identification of SARS-CoV-2 infections, similar across different body fluids
Authors: Jendrny Paula , Twele Friederike , Meller Sebastian , Schulz Claudia , von Köckritz-Blickwede Maren , Osterhaus Ab , Ebbers Hans , Ebbers Janek , Pilchová Veronika , Pink Isabell , Welte Tobias , Manns Michael Peter , Fathi Anahita , Addo Marylyn Martina , Ernst Christiane , Schäfer Wencke , Engels Michael , Petrov Anja , Marquart Katharina , Schotte Ulrich , Schalke Esther , Volk Holger Andreas 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe main strategy to contain the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic remains to implement a comprehensive testing, tracing and quarantining strategy until vaccination of the population is adequate.MethodsTen dogs were trained to detect SARS-CoV-2 infections in beta-propiolactone inactivated saliva samples. The subsequent cognitive transfer performance for the recognition of non-inactivated samples were tested on saliva, urine, and sweat in a randomised, double-blind controlled study.ResultsDogs were tested on a total of 5242 randomised sample presentations. Dogs detected non-inactivated saliva samples with a diagnostic sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 95%. In a subsequent experiment to compare the scent recognition between the three non-inactivated body fluids, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 95% and 98% for urine, 91% and 94% for sweat, 82%, and 96% for saliva respectively.ConclusionsThe scent cognitive transfer performance between inactivated and non-inactivated samples as well as between different sample materials indicates that global, specific SARS-CoV-2-associated volatile compounds are released across different body secretions, independently from the patient’s symptoms.FundingThe project was funded as a special research project of the German Armed Forces. The funding source DZIF-Fasttrack 1.921 provided us with means for biosampling.
Microchannel patterning strategies forin vitrostructural connectivity modulation of neural networks
Authors: Maisonneuve B. G. C. , Vieira J. , Larramendy F. , Honegger T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCompartmentalized microfluidic chips have demonstrated tremendous potential to createin vitrominimalistic environments for the reproduction of the neural circuitry of the brain. Although the protocol for seeding neural soma in these devices is well known and has been widely used in myriad studies, the accurate control of the number of neurites passing through the microchannels remains challenging. However, the regulation of axonal density among different groups of neurons is still a requirement to assess the inherent structural connectivity between neuronal populations. In this work, we report the effect of microchannel patterning strategies on the modulation of neuronal connectivity by applying dimensional modifications on microchannel-connected microfluidic chambers. Our results show that those strategies can modulate the direction and the number of neuronal projections of passage, therefore regulating the strength of the structural connections between two populations of neurons. With this approach, we provide innovative microfluidic design rules for the engineering ofin vitrophysiologically relevant neural networks.
Subclinical myocardial injury and cardiovascular mortality: Racial differences in prevalence and risk (from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination survey)
Authors: Broughton Stephen T. , Ahmad Muhammad , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Magnani Jared W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSubclinical myocardial injury (SCMI) determined from the Electrocardiographic Cardiac Infarction/Injury Score (CIIS) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. We hypothesized that SCMI prevalence and association with mortality would differ by race, categorized as non‐Hispanic White (White), non‐Hispanic Black (Black), and Mexican American.MethodsOur analysis included 5,852 participants (age 58.5 ± 13.2 years; 54% women, 52% Whites, 23% Blacks, and 25% Mexican American participants) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–94) who were free of cardiovascular disease at the time of enrollment. SCMI was defined as the presence of CIIS ≥ 10 score points on the 12‐lead ECG. Prevalence of SCMI and its association with cardiovascular mortality were examined in each race/ethnic group in models adjusted for sociodemographics and common cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsSCMI prevalence was 23.4% in Whites, 21.8% in Blacks, and 18.0% in Mexican Americans. Compared to Whites, Blacks were as likely to have SCMI (odds ratio [OR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80–1.13), while Mexican Americans were less likely (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62–0.88). SCMI was not associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in either Whites (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18, 95% CI 0.95–1.48) or Blacks (HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.79–1.80). In contrast, SCMI in Mexican Americans was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.13–2.67, p < .05).ConclusionMexican Americans had a lower prevalence of SCMI, but increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Screening for SCMI may identify individuals at increased risk and improve targeted prevention efforts.
Whole‐body diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging: Diagnosis and follow up of prostate cancer and beyond
Authors: Yoshida Soichiro , Takahara Taro , Arita Yuki , Sakaino Shinjiro , Katahira Kazuhiro , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe diffusion‐weighted imaging signal is derived from the motion of water molecules. It represents the physiological characteristics of tissue and is an essential imaging sequence for prostate cancer. Whole‐body diffusion‐weighted imaging facilitates the assessment of pathological conditions throughout the body. The concept of diffusion‐weighted whole‐body imaging with background body signal suppression and technological advances has led to routine clinical deployment of whole‐body diffusion‐weighted imaging as a one‐step staging tool for prostate cancer. Furthermore, whole‐body diffusion‐weighted imaging has the potential to reveal the state of osseous lesions, for which conventional imaging techniques are suboptimal for monitoring the response to therapy, and extraosseous lesions, and holds promise as a new imaging‐based therapeutic approach. This article reviews the basics of whole‐body diffusion‐weighted imaging, and focuses on application of whole‐body diffusion‐weighted imaging in the clinical management of prostate cancer at various stages in the course of the disease.
Horizontal transmission of Piscirickettsia salmonis from the wild sub‐Antarctic notothenioid fish Eleginops maclovinus to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under experimental conditions
Authors: Quintanilla Juan Carlos , González Margarita P. , García Juan Pablo , Olmos Paola , Contreras‐Lynch Sergio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPiscirickettsia salmonis is the aetiological agent of piscirickettsiosis, a bacterial disease that affects farmed salmonids, causing high mortalities and significant economic losses in the Chilean salmon farm industry. Given the Chilean native fish species Patagonian blenny, Eleginops maclovinus, lives in the vicinity of salmon farms, it is relevant to clarify the epidemiological role that this species could play in the transmission and/or dissemination of this pathogen. This study aimed to evaluate the bidirectional transmission of P. salmonis between the Patagonian blenny and Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), via a cohabitation challenge model. The results of this study demonstrated the transmission of the bacteria from Patagonian blennies to rainbow trout, considering the specific mortality in cohabitant rainbow trout, reaching 46%: the necropsy of these specimens, evidencing the characteristic pathological lesions of the disease and the positive results of the qPCR analysis for P. salmonis, in the same individuals. In contrast, no mortalities of Patagonian blenny specimens were recorded in the challenged experimental groups. This study is the first report showing the horizontal transmission of P. salmonis from a native non‐salmonid species, such as the Patagonian blenny, to a salmonid species, generating the disease and specific mortality in rainbow trout, using a cohabitation challenge.
Is obesity a manifestation of systemic racism? A ten‐point strategy for study and intervention
Authors: Aaron D.G. , Stanford F.C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the recent past, there has been rising attention to systemic racism. The ensuing discussions have largely focused on COVID‐19 and policing. Despite long‐standing disparities in obesity across racial and ethnic groups and obesity’s important role in COVID‐19 disparities, there has been minimal attention to whether obesity itself could be a manifestation of systemic racism. Nor has there been serious policy attention dedicated to alleviating obesity and its disproportionate burden on BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color). We discuss whether obesity’s disproportionate harms to BIPOC may be attributed to systemic racism, and we provide a ten‐point strategy for studying and solving the core public health issues at the intersection of obesity and systemic racism.
Applying the CRPD to People With Intellectual and Developmental Disability With Behaviors of Concern During COVID‐19
Authors: Nankervis Karen , Chan Jeffrey 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeople with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) are a vulnerable population in all aspects of access and participation, abuse and neglect, and being subject to the use of restrictive practices. Accordingly, they are a group whose human rights can be impacted where equal access to supports, services, and accessible information is compromised. The current COVID‐19 pandemic is a global humanitarian emergency that has had a devastating impact across the world, for all people. Growing concern has been raised about the impact of the COVID‐19 virus on the health of people with disabilities and there has been subsequent development of strategies and protocols to promote equal access to information, health supports, and services. People with IDD have high levels of underlying comorbidity that increases their risk of contracting COVID‐19 and measures to protect them from infection are critically important. However, those measures may trigger behaviors of concern and increase the risk of being subjected to restrictive practices. While some attention has been paid to the health impacts of COVID‐19 on people with disabilities, there has been less paid to the impact on the human rights of people with IDD who present with behaviors of concern. The aim of this paper is to provide a hypothetical exploration of the impacts of pandemic prevention measures on people with IDD and behaviors of concern in the context of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). In the absence of available guidance for working with people with IDD with behaviors of concern during COVID‐19, we suggest behavior support response plans that aim to ensure that people with IDD with behaviors of concern are supported properly in a time of significant disruption for them, thereby safeguarding their human rights.
An Approach to Integrate Product and Process Design Using Augmented Liaison Diagram, Assembly Sequencing, and Assembly Line Balancing
Authors: Takai Shun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Concurrent engineering is a product development approach in which engineers simultaneously design products and processes to improve customer satisfaction, enhance product quality, and reduce product costs. While various design methodologies have been proposed to support concurrent engineering, development of a systematic methodology that comprehensively integrates product and process design is still an ongoing research need. Traditional design for assembly (DFA) has been extended to concurrently design subassemblies and assembly sequences; however, the optimum assembly sequence depends on the efficiency of the assembly line and how assembly tasks are assigned to workstations without causing extensive idle time. This study extends past approaches in the concurrent design of products and processes by integrating assembly line balancing, assembly line design, and sensitivity analysis of assembly line design in addition to assembly line sequencing. In particular, this study proposes an approach to simultaneously design products and processes by integrating (1) a liaison diagram augmented with additional information on the type of liaisons (e.g., screw fixing, snap fitting, or contacting) to find stable subassemblies and corresponding assembly tasks, (2) assembly sequencing to generate all feasible assembly sequences that satisfy requirements for stable subassembly, (3) assembly line balancing to identify all possible assignments of tasks to workstations and to find corresponding cycle times and utilization, (4) assembly line designs that include the types and number of assembly lines for each product design, and (5) sensitivity analysis to evaluate the robustness of the assembly line design.
Tian-Huang Formula, a Traditional Chinese Medicinal Prescription, Improves Hepatosteatosis and Glucose Intolerance Targeting AKT-SREBP Nexus in Diet-Induced Obese Rats
Authors: Li Kun-Ping , Yu Yang , Yuan Min , Zhang Chu-Mei , Rong Xiang-Lu , Turnbull Jeremy E. , Guo Jiao 
Published: March 2021

The progressive increase of metabolic diseases underscores the necessity for developing effective therapies. Although we found Tian-Huang formula (THF) could alleviate metabolic disorders, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully understood. In the present study, firstly, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high-fat diet plus high-fructose drink (HFF, the diet is about 60% of calories from fat and the drink is 12.5% fructose solution) for 14 weeks to induce hepatosteatosis and glucose intolerance and then treated with THF (200 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Then, metabolomics analysis was performed with rat liver samples and following the clues illustrated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) with the metabolomics discoveries, RT-qPCR and Western blotting were carried out to validate the putative pathways. Our results showed that THF treatment reduced the body weight from 735.1 ± 81.29 to 616.3 ± 52.81 g and plasma triglyceride from 1.5 ± 0.42 to 0.88 ± 0.33 mmol/L; meanwhile, histological examinations of hepatic tissue and epididymis adipose tissue showed obvious alleviation. Compared with the HFF group, the fasting serum insulin and blood glucose level of the THF group were improved from 20.77 ± 6.58 to 9.65 ± 5.48 mIU/L and from 8.96 ± 0.56 to 7.66 ± 1.25 mmol/L, respectively, so did the serum aspartate aminotransferase, insulin resistance index, and oral glucose tolerance (

p

= 0.0019, 0.0053, and 0.0066, respectively). Furthermore, based on a list of 32 key differential endogenous metabolites, the molecular networks generated by IPA suggested that THF alleviated glucose intolerance and hepatosteatosis by activating phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) involved pathways. RT-qPCR and Western blotting results confirmed that THF alleviated hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance partly through protein kinase B- (AKT-) sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) nexus. Our findings shed light on molecular mechanisms of THF on alleviating metabolic diseases and provided further evidence for developing its therapeutic potential.
Aquinas on Passive Powers
Authors: Frost Gloria 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aquinas thinks that if we want to understand causal interactions between material substances, we cannot focus exclusively on agents and their active powers. In his view, there are also passive potencies which enable material substances to be acted upon. He claims that for every type of active potency, there is a corresponding passive potency. This article aims to clarify Aquinas’s views about the passive potencies of material substances. It recovers his thinking on three key questions: first, what is the basis or source of a material substance’s passive potentialities? Put otherwise, what constituents of material substances explain why they have capabilities for being acted upon? Second, how are a material substance’s passive potencies identified and distinguished from one another? Lastly, are passive potencies for undergoing action the same as a substance’s potencies for existing in determinate ways? For example, is a pot of water’s potentiality for being heated the same as its potentiality to be hot?
The brief resilience scale is associated with pre- and short-term postoperative outcomes following hip arthroscopy
Authors: Silverman Ariel RC , DeFroda Steven F , Cohen Brian H , Quinn Matthew S , Tabaddor Ramin R 
Published: March 2021

Background: Despite improving diagnostic and surgical techniques, some patients do not respond as well as others following hip arthroscopy. In most musculoskeletal studies, predictors for surgical outcomes focus solely on physical health prior to surgery. However, there likely exists a relationship between a patient’s mental health and their postoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Methods: 40 patients who met indications for hip arthroscopy were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. All patients completed a baseline Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and 4validated PROMs: modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), visual analogue scale for pain (VAS), Hip Outcomes Score for Activities of Daily Living (HOS-Daily), and Hip Outcomes Score for Sports-Related Activities (HOS-Sport). For a secondary measure of psychometric evaluation, past medical histories of anxiety/depression were recorded. Patients were stratified into Low Resilience (LR < 21), Normal Resilience (NR 22-24), and High Resilience (HR > 25) by tertile to determine differences in PROMs. Comparisons and correlations of pre- and postoperative outcomes between resilience groups were performed. Results: In comparing the LR and HR groups, there was a significant relationship between resilience and all PROMs both preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively ( p < 0.05), with the exception of the HOS-Sports. Pearson Correlation Coefficients confirmed this trend in the mHHS and the HOS-Daily. Additionally, there were sixteen patients who were discharged prior to 6-month follow-up with an average resilience above the mean of total population ( p < 0.0001). Resilience was associated with return to activity ( p = 0.017). A past history of anxiety/depression was associated with lower resilience ( p = 0.039). Conclusions: This study showed that HR hip arthroscopy patients had better PROMs than LR patients both preoperatively and postoperatively. HR patients were able to return to activity earlier and had lower rates of preoperative anxiety/depression. The BRS is a simple in-office screening tool, which may help guide patient and doctor communication and expectations.