bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of grape seed protein hydrolysate on the properties of stirred yogurt and viability of Lactobacillus casei in it
Authors: Varedesara Mahnaz Samadi , Ariaii Peiman , Hesari Javad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, the effect of grape seed protein hydrolysate (GPH) on the physicochemical and sensory properties of stirred yogurt was evaluated. At first, the antioxidant properties and degree of hydrolysis (DH) of GPH were determined using the microbial protease enzymes (alcalase and flavourzyme), the results showed that alcalase enzyme can produce GPH with higher DH and antioxidant properties (p < .05). Also, increasing the hydrolysis time had a positive effect on these properties (p < .05). The DH, free radical scavenging DPPH, and ferric reducing power for GPH by alcalase at 30 min was 21.51%, 88.68%, and 0.33 μmol ferrous/ g, respectively. Therefore, this treatment was used for further experiments. In the next part, the mentioned GPH was added to the stirred yogurt with three concentrations (0.5, 1.5, and 1.5%) and physicochemical properties and viability of Lactobacillus casei and sensory properties were measured during 15 days of storage. The results showed that the GPH treatment had higher pH, viscosity, and texture firmness and less acidity and syneresis compared with the control sample (p < .05). Also, in these samples, the decreasing trend of L. casei viability was slower than the control treatment during the storage period (p < .05). In most parameters, better results were observed with increasing the concentration GPH and all the treatments were acceptable in terms of sensory properties. Therefore, by producing yogurt containing GPH, a new functional food can be provided for consumers of dairy products, which in addition to the desired taste, good nutritional properties can be also achieved from its consumption.
Scale‐oriented landslide monitoring and early warning system for uranium legacy complexes in Mailuu Suu, Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Keuschnig Markus , Schober Andreas , Delleske Robert , Brandner Katharina , Höfer‐Öllinger Giorgio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRadioactive waste and the legacies of uranium mining combined with massive landslides pose tremendous risks to vast areas of Kyrgyzstan and their inhabitants. These risks comprise the potential destruction of radioactive legacies and thus, the mobilisation of radioactive material through streams and rivers into intensively cultivated agricultural areas. To tackle these challenges, a scale‐oriented landslide monitoring and early warning system (LMEWS) was developed to increase the safety of Kyrgyz uranium legacy complexes in the Mailuu Suu region, southern Kyrgyzstan. The LMEWS utilizes cutting‐edge technologies like satellite‐ and ground‐based InSAR as well as Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) to ensure flexibility, transferability, and maximum protection against vandalism.
Long‐term monitoring of visually not inspectable tunnel linings using fibre optic sensing
Authors: Grunicke Urs H. , Lienhart Werner , Vorwagner Alois 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRegular structural assessments of tunnel linings are commonly performed by visual inspection. Crack phenomena and their development over time are essential indicators of changes of the stress regimen. These are the most prominent input data for the structural assessment of linings. Cladding for fire protection or noise control inhibit visual inspection and call for alternative methods of crack detection and monitoring. This paper presents the application of an alternative method which employs distributed fibre optic sensing (DFOS) which is installed on already existing linings. The objective is to obtain monitoring results with best reliability in comparison to conventional inspection. While the application of DFOS with fibres embedded in new linings has already been tested extensively, later installation on existing linings poses various challenges. Based on findings obtained from laboratory and field tests in an operational highway tunnel, we found that by means of later installed fibres with lengths of up to 70 m, strain measurements can achieve accuracies of about 1 µm/m over 10 mm. This allows the detection of both current and historical crack widths at 0.01 mm precision, conspicuous strain patterns and temperature abnormalities. The system can be mounted onto the inner lining surface which is covered by later claddings and are hence inaccessible to visual inspection. The structural performance can eventually be inferred from interpreted crack patterns.
The impact of caregiver's depressive symptoms on trajectories of cognitive function in older adults with functional limitations
Authors: Jiang Nan , Sun Qian , Lou Vivian W. Q. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesFamily caregivers are important to older adults' health, but few studies have examined how caregivers' mental health is associated with older adults' cognitive function. This study examined the trajectories of cognitive function of older adults and whether caregivers' depressive symptoms shape the pattern of cognitive function trajectories.MethodsThis 6‐year longitudinal sample consisted 1188 older adults aged ≥75 years with deficits in activities of daily living (ADL) and their family caregivers in Shanghai, China (Rounds 1–3). Cognitive function trajectories were identified based on an enhanced group‐based trajectory modeling that accounted for nonrandom attrition. Multinomial logistic regression tested the association between caregivers' depressive symptoms and older adults' cognitive function trajectory.ResultsThree trajectory groups were identified: a “newly onset” group (50.4%) had an increased risk of being cognitive impaired during the 6‐year period; a “never” group (46.2%) remained cognitive active; and a “chronic” group was largely persistently cognitive impaired (3.4%). Caregivers' depressive symptoms increased the relative risk of having the “onset” or “chronic” versus “never” trajectory. Among the four dimensions of depressive symptoms, only somatic complaints were associated with a higher risk of the “newly onset” trajectory in 6 years.ConclusionThe progression of cognitive function among older adults with deficits in ADL followed three distinct trajectories during a 6‐year period. Addressing the mental health of caregivers may prevent or delay progression of cognitive impairment among older adults.
Is loneliness associated with mild cognitive impairment in low‐ and middle‐income countries?
Authors: Smith Lee , Bloska Jodie , Jacob Louis , Barnett Yvonne , Butler Laurie , Trott Mike , Odell‐Miller Helen , Veronese Nicola , Kostev Karel , Bettac Erica L , Godier‐McBard Lauren , Koyanagi Ai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLoneliness may be a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment but studies on this topic are scarce, particularly from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between loneliness and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa).MethodsCross‐sectional, community‐based, nationally representative data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing‐Alzheimer's Association criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and meta‐analysis were conducted to assess associations.ResultsThe final analytical sample consisted of 19,092 and 13,623 individuals aged 50–64 years (middle‐aged adults) and ≥65 years (older adults), respectively. Among the middle‐aged, overall, loneliness was associated with a non‐significant 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93–2.21) times higher odds for MCI although significant associations were observed in China (OR = 1.51; 95%CI = 1.08–2.09) and South Africa (OR = 3.87; 95%CI = 1.72–8.71). As for older adults, overall, there was a significant association between loneliness and MCI (OR = 1.52; 95%CI = 1.12–2.07).ConclusionIn this large representative sample of middle‐aged and older adults from multiple LMICs, findings suggest that loneliness is associated with MCI. It may be prudent to consider reducing loneliness in low‐economic settings to aid in the prevention of MCI and ultimately dementia.
Quality metrics for head and neck cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy
Authors: Elsharawi Radwa , Antonucci Eric , Sukari Ammar , Cramer John D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe standardization of quality measures has been key in advancing the aims of the National Quality Forum established to improve health outcomes.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was used to identify eligible patients. Two quality metrics were evaluated including time to treatment initiation (TTI) and chemotherapy in locoregionally head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).ResultsTTI was significantly associated with mortality reflected by a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.13 for 60–90 days of TTI (95% CI 1.08–1.17), 1.19 for >90 days of TTI (95% CI 1.13–1.26). Patients with locoregionally advanced HNSCC had an 87% adherence to chemotherapy, which correlated with reduced mortality (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.55–0.59). Patients treated at high quality centers had a 9% increase in survival (HR 0.91; 95% CI 0.88–0.93).ConclusionWe identified that both TTI and chemotherapy for locoregionally advanced HNSCC meet criteria for valid quality metrics potentially suitable for national adoption.
Myofibroblast‐Specific Msi2 Knockout Inhibits HCC Progression in a Mouse Model
Authors: Qu Chen , He Lu , Yao Nan , Li Jinying , Jiang Yuchuan , Li Binkui , Peng Shuang , Hu Kunpeng , Chen Dong , Chen Guo , Huang Wei , Cao Mingrong , Fan Jun , Yuan Yunfei , Ye Wencai , Hong Jian 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Myofibroblasts play a pivotal role in the development and progression of HCC. Here, we aimed to explore the role and mechanism of myofibroblast Musashi RNA binding protein 2 (MSI2) in HCC progression.

APPROACH AND RESULTS
Myofibroblast infiltration and collagen deposition were detected and assessed in the tissues from 117 patients with HCC. Transgenic mice (Msi2ΔCol1a1
) with floxed Msi2 allele and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (Col1a1)–ligand inducible Cre recombinases (CreER) were constructed to generate a myofibroblast‐specific Msi2 knockout model. Mouse HCC cells were orthotopically transplanted into the Msi2ΔCol1a1
or the control mice (Msi2F/F
). We found that the deposition of collagen fibers, the main product of myofibroblasts, predicted a poor prognosis for HCC; meanwhile, we detected high MSI2 expression in the peritumoral infiltrated myofibroblasts. Conditional deletion of Msi2 in myofibroblasts significantly inhibited the growth of orthotopically implanted HCC, reduced both intrahepatic and lung metastasis, and prolonged the overall survival of tumor‐bearing mice (P = 0.002). In vitro analysis demonstrated that myofibroblasts promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transformation of HCC cells, whereas Msi2 deletion in myofibroblasts reversed these effects. Mechanically, Msi2 knockout decreased myofibroblast‐derived IL‐6 and IL‐11 secretion by inhibiting the extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 pathway, and thus attenuated the cancer stem cell–promoting effect of myofibroblasts. Interestingly, we found that the simultaneous knockout of Msi2 in myofibroblasts and knockdown of Msi2 in HCC cells could not further attenuate the implanted HCC progression.

CONCLUSIONS
Myofibroblast‐specific Msi2 knockout abrogated the tumor‐promoting function of myofibroblasts and inhibited HCC progression in mouse models. Targeting myofibroblast MSI2 expression may therefore prove to be a therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment in the future.
Characterization of Acute HCV Infection and Transmission Networks in People Who Currently Inject Drugs in Catalonia: Usefulness of Dried Blood Spots
Authors: Antuori Adrián , Montoya Vincent , Piñeyro David , Sumoy Lauro , Joy Jeffrey , Krajden Mel , González‐Gómez Sara , Folch Cinta , Casabona Jordi , Matas Lurdes , Colom Joan , Saludes Verónica , Martró Elisa ,   on behalf of the HepCdetect II Study Group
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims
Accurate identification of recent HCV infections is critical for tracing the extent and mechanisms of ongoing transmission. We aimed to validate dried blood spot (DBS) samples for the assessment of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genetic diversity and to determine epidemiological parameters including incidence, determinants of acute infection, and phylogenetic clustering in people who inject drugs (PWID).

Approach and Results
HCV nonstructural protein 5B next‐generation sequencing was performed from plasma and/or DBS in 220 viremic PWID from the HepCdetect II study. No significant differences were found in consensus sequences or Shannon entropy (SE) intrahost diversity estimate between paired plasma/DBS specimens. SE values were used to identify acute infections with 93.3% sensitivity (95% CI, 0.81–1.06) and 95.0% specificity (95% CI, 0.88–1.02) in a set of well‐defined controls. An acute HCV infection (either primary infection or reinfection) was detected in 13.5% of viremic participants and was associated with age ≤30 years (OR, 8.09), injecting less than daily (OR, 4.35), ≤5 years of injected drug use (OR, 3.43), sharing cocaine snorting straws (OR, 2.89), and being unaware of their HCV status (OR, 3.62). Annualized HCV incidence was estimated between 31 and 59/100 person‐years. On phylogenetic analysis, 46.8% of viremic cases were part of a transmission pair or cluster; age ≤30 years (OR, 6.16), acute infection (OR, 5.73), and infection with subtype 1a (OR, 4.78) were independently associated with this condition.

Conclusions
The results obtained from plasma and DBS characterize PWID with acute infection and those involved in ongoing HCV transmission and allow estimating incidence from cross‐sectional data. This information is critical for the design and assessment of targeted harm reduction programs and test‐and‐treat interventions and to facilitate monitoring of HCV elimination in this key population.
Rodent mnemonic similarity task performance requires the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Johnson Sarah A. , Zequeira Sabrina , Turner Sean M. , Maurer Andrew P. , Bizon Jennifer L. , Burke Sara N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMnemonic similarity task performance, in which a known target stimulus must be distinguished from similar lures, is supported by the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex. Impairments on this task are known to manifest with advancing age. Interestingly, disrupting hippocampal activity leads to mnemonic discrimination impairments when lures are novel, but not when they are familiar. This observation suggests that other brain structures support discrimination abilities as stimuli are learned. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for retrieval of remote events and executive functions, such as working memory, and is also particularly vulnerable to dysfunction in aging. Importantly, the medial PFC is reciprocally connected to the perirhinal cortex and neuron firing in this region coordinates communication between lateral entorhinal and perirhinal cortices to presumably modulate hippocampal activity. This anatomical organization and function of the medial PFC suggests that it contributes to mnemonic discrimination; however, this notion has not been empirically tested. In the current study, rats were trained on a LEGO object‐based mnemonic similarity task adapted for rodents, and surgically implanted with guide cannulae targeting prelimbic and infralimbic regions of the medial PFC. Prior to mnemonic discrimination tests, rats received PFC infusions of the GABAA agonist muscimol. Analyses of expression of the neuronal activity‐dependent immediate‐early gene Arc in medial PFC and adjacent cortical regions confirmed muscimol infusions led to neuronal inactivation in the infralimbic and prelimbic cortices. Moreover, muscimol infusions in PFC impaired mnemonic discrimination performance relative to the vehicle control across all testing blocks when lures shared 50–90% feature overlap with the target. Thus, in contrast hippocampal infusions, PFC inactivation impaired target‐lure discrimination regardless of the novelty or familiarity of the lures. These findings indicate the PFC plays a critical role in mnemonic similarity task performance, but the time course of PFC involvement is dissociable from that of the hippocampus.
Mental health: The burden of social stigma
Authors: Zweifel Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe burden of mental health has two facets, social and psychological. Social stigma causes individuals who suspect to be suffering from a mental condition to conceal it, importantly by seeking care from a nonspecialist provider willing to diagnose it as physical disease. In this way, social stigma adds to both the direct and indirect cost of mental health. A microeconomic model depicting an individual who searches for an accommodating provider leads to the prediction that individuals undertake more search in response to a higher degree of social stigma. However, this holds only in the absence of errors in decision‐making, typically as long as mental impairment is not too serious. While government and employers have an incentive to reduce the burden of social stigma, their efforts therefore need to focus on persons with a degree of mental impairment that still allows them to avoid errors in pursuing their own interest.
Teacher–child interaction quality and children's self‐regulation in toddler classrooms in Finland and Portugal
Authors: Salminen Jenni , Guedes Carolina , Lerkkanen Marja‐Kristiina , Pakarinen Eija , Cadima Joana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study examines the association between teacher–child interaction quality and children's self‐regulation in Finnish and Portuguese toddler classrooms. The participants included 230 Finnish (M = 29; SD = 3 months) and 283 Portuguese (M = 30, SD = 4 months) toddlers and their teachers (n = 43 Finland; n = 29 Portugal). The children's behavioural self‐regulation (attention, working memory, and inhibition control) was individually tested, and the teachers evaluated the children's self‐regulation skills in the classroom. The quality of the teacher–child interactions (i.e., emotional and behavioural support and engaged support for learning) was evaluated using the CLASS‐Toddler observation instrument. The analyses were conducted with path models using a complex option. The results for Finland show that the engaged support for learning was positively associated with children's attention and inhibitory control, and emotional and behavioural support was positively associated with children's inhibitory control. For Portugal, engaged support for learning was positively associated with children's attention. The results aid in recognizing the characteristics of teacher support that is beneficial to the development of children's self‐regulation skills in two sociocultural contexts, hence being of relevance for teacher in‐ and pre‐service training.
Satellitization of Arab Media: Perceptions of Changes in Gender Relations
Authors: Roald Anne Sofie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article explores how students living in East Amman in Jordan perceive a link between global television entertainment and social changes, particularly changes in gender relations. The study relies on a questionnaire distributed among university students in Amman in 2009 and 2010 with 946 Muslim respondents, and focus group discussions and individual interviews with 44 Muslim students living in East Amman in 2013. The theoretical framework for the discussion is cultivation theory, moral panic, and audience reception. The main conclusion from this study is that many students believe that watching television makes viewers see ‘reality’ in view of TV programs. Another conclusion is that students seem to tailor their use of television according to their own needs. A third conclusion is that many students experience moral panic and see global television as an attack on cultural values. Other students, however, welcome global television's transmission of what they consider new liberal ideas. The students’ experience is that television entertainment products such as Turkish and American films and series, have an actual impact on social changes linked to gender relations in the East Amman society. The impact of global TV on local society is envisioned as being either “good” or “bad”.
Five Questions About Arab Women's Activism Five Years After the ‘Arab Spring’
Authors: Khamis Sahar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Arab world witnessed unprecedented waves of revolt in 2011, which have taken the whole world by surprise, and led to many unexpected outcomes and varying results. Five years after this wave of revolt, it becomes necessary to examine its wide array of effects, especially on certain groups who played a significant role in the midst of these uprisings, such as youth and women. This article addresses a number of important points pertaining to Arab women and their future, such as the effect of the turbulent political environment in the Arab region on Arab women's movements and their ability to organize; the impact of violations of human rights and the curbing of media freedom on Arab women's online and offline activism; the implications of the prevailing environment of fragmentation and polarization in many parts of the Arab world on Arab women's activism, both offline and online; rethinking the potentials and limitations of “cyberactivism” and “cyberfeminism” in terms of enhancing Arab women's empowerment, activism, and inclusion; as well as coming up with a more inclusive and comprehensive approach, which accounts for different categories of Arab women, when rethinking the notion of “cyberfeminism.”
Focused Bayesian prediction
Authors: Loaiza‐Maya Ruben , Martin Gael M. , Frazier David T. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryWe propose a new method for conducting Bayesian prediction that delivers accurate predictions without correctly specifying the unknown true data generating process. A prior is defined over a class of plausible predictive models. After observing data, we update the prior to a posterior over these models, via a criterion that captures a user‐specified measure of predictive accuracy. Under regularity, this update yields posterior concentration onto the element of the predictive class that maximizes the expectation of the accuracy measure. In a series of simulation experiments and empirical examples, we find notable gains in predictive accuracy relative to conventional likelihood‐based prediction.