bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous multi-slice accelerated 4D-MRI for radiotherapy guidance
Authors: Keijnemans K , Borman P T S , van Lier A L H M W , Verhoeff J J C , Raaymakers B W , Fast M F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
4D-MRI is becoming increasingly important for daily guidance of thoracic and abdominal radiotherapy. This study exploits the simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) technique to accelerate the acquisition of a balanced turbo field echo (bTFE) and a turbo spin echo (TSE) coronal 4D-MRI sequence performed on 1.5 T MRI scanners. SMS single-shot bTFE and TSE sequences were developed to acquire a stack of 52 coronal 2D images over 30 dynamics. Simultaneously excited slices were separated by half the field of view. Slices intersecting with the liver-lung interface were used as navigator slices. For each navigator slice location, an end-exhale dynamic was automatically identified, and used to derive the self-sorting signal by rigidly registering the remaining dynamics. Navigator slices were sorted into 10 amplitude bins, and the temporal relationship of simultaneously excited slices was used to generate sorted 4D-MRIs for 12 healthy volunteers. The self-sorting signal was validated using an in vivo peak-to-peak motion analysis. The smoothness of the liver-lung interface was quantified by comparing to sagittal cine images acquired directly after the SMS-4D-MRI sequence. To ensure compatibility with the MR-linac radiotherapy workflow, the 4D-MRIs were transformed into 3D mid-position (MidP) images using deformable image registration. Consistency of the deformable vector fields was quantified in terms of the distance discordance metric (DDM) in the body. The SMS-4D-TSE sequence was additionally acquired for 3 lung cancer patients to investigate tumor visibility. SMS-4D-MRI acquisition and processing took approximately 7 min. 4D-MRI reconstruction was possible for 26 out of 27 acquired datasets. Missing data in the sorted 4D-MRIs varied from 4%–26% for the volunteers and varied from 8%–24% for the patients. Peak-to-peak (SD) amplitudes analysis agreed within 1.8 (1.1) mm and 0.9 (0.4) mm between the sorted 4D-MRIs and the self-sorting signals of the volunteers and patients, respectively. Liver-lung interface smoothness was found to be in the range of 0.6–3.1 mm for volunteers. The percentage of DDM values smaller than 2 mm was in the range of 85%–89% and 86%–92% for the volunteers and patients, respectively. Lung tumors were clearly visibility in the SMS-4D-TSE images and MidP images. Two fast SMS-accelerated 4D-MRI sequences were developed resulting in T2/T1 or T2 weighted contrast. The SMS-4D-MRIs and derived 3D MidP-MRIs yielded anatomically plausible images and good tumor visibility. SMS-4D-MRI is therefore a strong candidate to be used for treatment simulation and daily guidance of thoracic and abdominal MR-guided radiotherapy.
Influence of up-down asymmetry in plasma shape on RMP response
Authors: Liu Yueqiang , Lyons B C , Gu Shuai , Kirk A , Li Li , Paz-Soldan C , Shafer M W , Turnbull A D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Shaping effect on the plasma response to the externally applied resonant magnetic perturbation field is investigated for both DIII-D and MAST experiments, utilizing toroidal modeling. The plasma boundary shape is systematically varied ranging from single-null (SN) to double-null (DN) configurations, while other equilibrium quantities are kept largely unchanged. The relative amplitude of the computed plasma surface displacement, between the top/bottom of the torus and the outboard mid-plane, is identified as the most reliable indicator that distinguishes the plasma response between the SN and DN configurations. The underlying physics is the weakening of the edge-peeling component in the plasma response with increasing up-down symmetry of the plasma boundary shape.
Studies of a modulated Hall thruster
Authors: Simmonds Jacob , Raitses Yevgeny , Smolyakov Andrei , Chapurin Oleksandr 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A typical Hall thruster is powered from a DC power supply and operates with a constant discharge voltage. In operation, the discharge current is subject to strong low frequency oscillations (so-called breathing oscillations). Recent studies have shown that not only can these breathing oscillations be correlated with improved performance, but these oscillations can be induced and controlled by modulating the anode voltage. In this work, a systematic experimental study of the plasma flow in a modulated cylindrical Hall thruster was performed to characterize the effect of natural and modulated breathing oscillations on thruster performance. Measurements suggest that modulating the anode voltage in resonance with the natural breathing frequency does increase the thrust, but a corresponding phase alignment of discharge current and discharge voltage causes the efficiency gains to be insignificant. In addition, the outward shift of the acceleration region causes the plasma plume divergence to increase at the resonance condition and thereby, limit the thrust increase. Mechanisms underlying the relative phase between discharge current, ion current, and discharge voltage are investigated experimentally and corroborated with one-dimensional hybrid simulations of the thruster discharge.
Phosphorus implantation into 4H-SiC at room and elevated temperature
Authors: Müting J , Bobal V , Vines L , Grossner U 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Phosphorus implantation is essential to create localized n-type doped regions in 4H-SiC. The realized profiles may, however, deviate from the desired ones, affecting device properties. In order to characterize typical process parameters and to enable correct prediction of the desired structures, phosphorous implantation into 4H-SiC with a variety of doses and energies is performed at room and elevated temperature. Exemplary post-implantation annealing shows no significant influence on the phosphorus distribution. The as-implanted profiles, analyzed by secondary ion mass spectrometry, show a clear dependence on implantation dose and temperature. High sample temperature at implantation suppresses channeling in case of low and medium doses due to increased lattice vibrations, while crystal damage is restored in case of high doses leading to increased opportunities for channeling, pointing toward different crystal damage and energy loss mechanisms. Finally, the Monte Carlo profiles of the simulation tools stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM) and Sentaurus Process are critically compared with the experimental profiles.
Modelling of minor hysteresis loop of shape memory alloy wire actuator and its application in self-sensing
Authors: Mohan Sagar , Banerjee Atanu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuators offer large force and displacement capabilities out of the stress and temperature-dependent martensitic phase transformation. Among the various modelling approaches in the literature, the one proposed by Boyd and Lagoudas (1996), is mostly used in analysing SMA based components. In practice, partial actuation is often required and is enacted by aborting and subsequently resuming the phase transformation; exhibiting minor hysteresis response. The existing models are found to be inaccurate in simulating such partial transformation cases. In this study, a novel yield parameter, which depends on the martensite volume fraction, has been proposed; enabling the model of Boyd and Lagoudas to simulate minor hysteresis loop accurately. The corresponding model parameters are derived, satisfying certain practical aspects of the SMA response. Using the modified model, pseudoelastic responses are simulated for different partial loading cases and are compared against the same obtained from the existing models, illustrating its efficacy. Following the proposed model, the discrete form of the system dynamics of a SMA wire actuator is formulated. Using this, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) has been developed, to estimate the output of the system from the change in electrical resistance of the SMA wire during actuation. This approach eliminates the requirement of external sensors for feedback control. Using the developed EKF, the response of an SMA wire actuated system is estimated from the experimentally measured electrical resistance data of the SMA wire and are compared with the corresponding measured responses. The results reveal that a significant level of accuracy can be achieved with the proposed approach.
Radiative heat transfer of second grade nanofluid flow past a porous flat surface: a single-phase mathematical model
Authors: Jamshed Wasim , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Gowda R J Punith , Kumar R Naveen , Prasannakumara B C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The current study explores the nanofluid flow and heat transfer properties by exposing it to a slippery surface. The effect of radiation, heat source, porous medium, and viscous dissipation are also comprised in this analysis. The arising partial differential equations from boundary layer equations of the second grade nanoliquid model are reformed into non-linear ordinary differential equations using suitable transformations. The solution of these equations is then cracked by means of shooting numerical scheme. In this investigation, we used two different types of nanoparticles, Alumina (Al2O3) and Copper (Cu), along with a non-Newtonian Engine Oil (EO) as based liquid. The valuable finding of this scrutiny is that the comparative heat transference rate of Cu-EO second grade nanofluids gradually more increases as compared to Al2O3-EO nanofluids. Results reveal that, the parameters have a massive effect on the heat transfer very close to the wall and are slightly away from the wall. The escalation in nanoparticle volume fraction and second grade parameters declines the velocity profile.
Weakening gravity for dark matter in a type-II minimally modified gravity
Authors: De Felice Antonio , Mukohyama Shinji 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We propose a new cosmological framework in which the strength of the gravitational force acted on dark matter at late time can be weaker than that on the standard matter fields without introducing extra gravitational degrees of freedom. The framework integrates dark matter into a type-II minimally modified gravity that was recently proposed as a dark energy mimicker. The idea that makes such a framework possible consists of coupling a dark matter Lagrangian and a cosmological constant to the metric in a canonically transformed frame of general relativity (GR). On imposing a gauge fixing constraint, which explicitly breaks the temporal diffeomorphism invariance, we keep the number of gravitational degrees of freedom to be two, as in GR. We then make the inverse canonical transformation to bring the theory back to the original frame, where one can add the standard matter fields. This framework contains two free functions of time which specify the generating functional of the above mentioned canonical transformation and which are then used in order to realize desired time evolutions of both the Hubble expansion rate H(z) and the effective gravitational constant for dark matter Geff(z). The aim of this paper is therefore to provide a new framework to address the two puzzles present in today's cosmology, i.e. the H0 tension and the S8 tension, simultaneously. When the dark matter is cold in this framework, we dub the corresponding cosmological model the V Canonical Cold Dark Matter (VCCDM), as the cosmological constant Λ in the standard ΛCDM is replaced by a function V(ϕ) of an auxiliary field ϕ and the CDM is minimally coupled to the metric in a canonically transformed frame.
Resetting with stochastic return through linear confining potential
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Pal Arnab , Kundu Anupam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider motion of an overdamped Brownian particle subject to stochastic resetting in one dimension. In contrast to the usual setting where the particle is instantaneously reset to a preferred location (say, the origin), here we consider a finite time resetting process facilitated by an external linear potential V(x) = λ|x|(λ > 0). When resetting occurs, the trap is switched on and the particle experiences a force −∂
x

V(x) which helps the particle to return to the resetting location. The trap is switched off as soon as the particle makes a first passage to the origin. Subsequently, the particle resumes its free diffusion motion and the process keeps repeating. In this set-up, the system attains a non-equilibrium steady state. We study the relaxation to this steady state by analytically computing the position distribution of the particle at all time and then analyzing this distribution using the spectral properties of the corresponding Fokker–Planck operator. As seen for the instantaneous resetting problem, we observe a ‘cone spreading’ relaxation with travelling fronts such that there is an inner core region around the resetting point that reaches the steady state, while the region outside the core still grows ballistically with time. In addition to the unusual relaxation phenomena, we compute the large deviation functions (LDFs) associated to the corresponding probability density and find that the LDFs describe a dynamical transition similar to what is seen previously in case of instantaneous resetting. Notably, our method, based on spectral properties, complements the existing renewal formalism and reveals the intricate mathematical structure responsible for such relaxation phenomena. We verify our analytical results against extensive numerical simulations.
The diffusive epidemic process on Barabasi–Albert networks
Authors: Alves T F A , Alves G A , Macedo-Filho A , Ferreira R S , Lima F W S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present a modified diffusive epidemic process (DEP) that has a finite threshold on scale-free graphs, motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The DEP describes the epidemic spreading of a disease in a non-sedentary population, which can describe the spreading of a real disease. Our main modification is to use the Gillespie algorithm with a reaction time t
max, exponentially distributed with mean inversely proportional to the node population in order to model the individuals’ interactions. Our simulation results of the modified model on Barabasi–Albert networks are compatible with a continuous absorbing-active phase transition when increasing the average concentration. The transition obeys the mean-field critical exponents β = 1, γ′ = 0 and ν
⊥ = 1/2. In addition, the system presents logarithmic corrections with pseudo-exponents

β

̂

=

γ

̂

′

=
−
3
/
2

on the order parameter and its fluctuations, respectively. The most evident implication of our simulation results is if the individuals avoid social interactions in order to not spread a disease, this leads the system to have a finite threshold in scale-free graphs.
Study of Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Polymeric Blend [Epoxy and polysulfide rubber (EP + PSR)] Reinforced by Nano Ceramic Powder ZrO2
Authors: Shalaan Muna M , AL-Falahi Ahmad H M , AL-Dabagh Balkees M 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA polymeric blend nanocomposites were prepared using mixer of Epoxy and polysulfide rubber [EP+PSR] as a matrix material and the Zirconium Oxide Nano-powder ZrO2as a reinforcement material, in different particle sizes and same adding ratio of 2% wt . Hand Lay-up molding method was used to prepare the samples. Impact strength, compression resistance and thermal conductivity tests, were carried out for the polymeric blend and composites samples before and after immersion in tap water. The results showed that adding Nano zirconia powder to the polymer blend improved the mechanical properties, while the thermal conductivity of the polymer blend was higher than that of the composites. Also, it was observed that water immersion caused a decrease in impact strength, compression resistance, modulus of elasticity and thermal conductivity in a manner proportional to the immersion time.
Effect of Adding Ag Nanoparticles onto Magnetic and Structural Properties of BSCCO Superconducting Compound
Authors: Al Habeeb Mustafa Q. , Oboudi Saad , Wenlong Wu , Julian Stephen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Effect of adding silver nanoparticles on Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ superconductor phase by solid state reaction technique. It was studied the significant variations in the superconducting, magnetic and structural properties of Bi-2223 phase. Ag NPs concentration of tiny particles varied, (0 - 1,25) % from the total weight mass of the BPSCCO compound were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and EDX spectrum measurements. It was found that adding Ag nanoparticles to BSCCO was enhanced the (Bi, Pb)-2223 phase formation up to x=1.25 wt%. On the other hand, the low concentrations of Ag nanoparticles of 0.25 wt% retarded the high-Tc phase formation and (Tc) measured that had the maximum improvement in Tc for most samples. The surface morphology investigated were examined by SEM, which the grain size increased with an increase Ag NPs, while the grain size examination showed that both the size and number of voids were reduced. Magnetization variance was measured of the samples by M - T curve, where the highest value for x = 1.25 wt%, and it become clear when the magnetic and resistance transition points are close to each other. Moreover, Critical current density (Jc
) characteristic curves were measured at temperature range (2-150) K.
Optimization Approach of Multilayer (Metal-Dielectric) Pass Band Filter
Authors: Abd algaffar Alaa N , Jasem Narmeen A , Abbo Abdullah I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study presents new construction design stacks for optimal narrow band pass filters in two different spectral regions. The new design of narrow pass band filters have optimal specifications as narrow pass band, high transmittance, and zero transmittance at stop band along wide range of wavelength. Procedures were given to design such filters by adjusting metal with dielectric materials. We investigated the construction stacks to have proper number of coating layers with controlling the thickness of each layer.
Data visualization for distribution of people with disabilities
Authors: Baharum Z , Amran A , Kamsul B A , Ahmad N A , Azmi N H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Data visualizations make data easier for the human brain to understand, and visualization also makes it easier to detect patterns, trends, and styles in groups of data. With the development of the data visualization, more and more data which contains the information of disabled population has been collected. However, researchers have pointed out some problems with visualizing data especially using traditional methods. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a web-based system for data visualization of disabled people distribution in Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia. Prototyping methodology was chosen in order to develop the web-based system. The results show two main interfaces of the web system which are the admin module and user module. Users may see a specific area, type of disabled people categories and the number of disabled people in the located area from the Google Map. This web system is hope to help public in identifying disabled people location using data visualization technique. In addition, in future it could help the authorize institutions/bodies in doing better planning for disabled people education, facilities and other needs based on its location distribution.
Digital map of zoo negara using geospatial information system (GIS) approach
Authors: Juarimi N A A B , Nasir N R M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
National Zoo of Malaysia or Zoo Negara is one of popular tourist attraction places in Malaysia that receives many visitors every day. Providing the best service and tour information for large volume of visitors every day is the main objective of Zoo Negara. However, the current issue facing by Zoo Negara is its current information medium where they still use printed paper-based mapping system. This medium is not helpful enough for the visitors to navigate inside the zoo as the information is insufficient and troubles Zoo Negara management in updating their map as well. In this paper, we propose a GIS-mobile based application that provides visitors with digital map. The digital map includes information about animals and events inside the zoo. Visitor can also view their current location and visited track on the map using navigation module. Zoo Negara management can regularly update their map and recent information easily through database.
The development of game estrategia in the senior high school learning competencies: basis for digital intelligence (phase one)
Authors: Martin N A , Ventayen R J M , Patacsil D H , Patacsil E H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper determined the significance of the identified learning competencies (LCs) in the Senior High School Curriculum Guide for successful learning amidst disruption. The study used a quasi-experimental research design with forty (40) respondents taken purposively for the First Quarter – First Semester of the Academic Year 2020 – 2021. The Cognitive Process Dimension was the basis to determine the significant difference of learning competencies (LC1, LC2, LC3, and LC4) in one-tailed and two-tailed at 0.05 degrees of freedom using the t-Test Paired Two Sample Means formula. Data revealed that the respondents’ initial scores on the Summative Assessment were unsuccessful in the Applied Subject. The subject teacher proposed an “insertion” in the actual instructions following DepEd Order No. 8, s. 2015 through the development and application of Game Estrategia. The group who received an “insertion” revealed that the overall computed t value was -16.48, which was greater than the t critical value 1.68 one-tailed and 2.02 two-tailed at 0.05 level of significance, which means a significant difference between pretest and posttest in the Applied Subject. The study found out that the group performed very well in their posttest after giving them an “insertion.” Insistent with the Agency’s effort to deliver quality education, the concept of “insertion” through technology aid may improve the teaching-learning process for the identified learning competencies (LCs) in the Curriculum Guide of Secondary Public Schools. The study humbly recommended joint advocacies of the School Administrators, the Subject Teachers, and the Technical Working Group (TWG) to develop, enhance, and sustain Game Estrategia’s objectives in Basic Education. Aside from the modules regularly provided by the Secondary Public Schools, teachers can tap the promising benefits of today’s technology as alternatives to attain successful learning every day.
Optimization of renewable energy based microgrid for Mehran UET Jamshoro
Authors: Shaikh J A , Mirjat N H , Memon Z A , Shan S A , Shaikh S A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Renewable energy sources are promising good for providing efficient energy resource with environment friendly advantage. The supply side planning because of microgrid is making it important as transmission fixed and operational costs are reduced. This paper focuses on the optimal design, life cycle cost, and power quality analysis of microgrid. Two options were selected: in the first option isolated microgrid is designed and in the latter option microgid is connected with the national grid. The both models were compared for economic point of view. The compared optimized model is created for which power quality is analyzed and discussed. The most famous energy modeling software named HOMER hybrid renewable energy system, is used for comparing the models while MATLAB/SIMULINK is used for simulating the model for power quality analysis.