bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caudal epidural steroid injections versus selective nerve root blocks for single-level lumbar spinal stenosis: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Osman Akram , Hu Wei , Jianhua-Sun  , Li Jing , Luo Xiao , Han Nianrong , Abduhani Ehsan , Liu Zhenqiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common degenerative condition associated with old age. Its incidence continues to increase with the rapidly aging population in China. Treatment for LSS usually begins with conservative treatments, as some patients refuse surgical procedures or have surgery contraindications. Caudal epidural steroid injections (CESIs) and selective nerve root blocks (SNRBs) are two commonly used conservative treatments for LSS, which have proven to be effective at relieving LSS symptoms in many studies. However, there are no randomized controlled trials comparing these two procedures. We planned the first study to assess which one of these two procedures is more effective in treating LSS. We will compare the efficacy of these two treatment methods in terms of duration of symptom relief and recurrence rate. We hope our findings will help clinicians choose an optimal treatment for LSS patients.

Methods/design
We plan to conduct a 1-year randomized controlled trial that will include a total of 76 subjects. They will be randomly divided into two groups: group A (patients will receive CESIs) and group B (patients will receive SNRBs). Two days before the procedure, we will assess these patients using the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) pain scale, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain. One day, 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after the procedure, we will assess the condition of these patients again with the NRS and ODI.

Discussion
We hope our findings will lay the foundation for the design of further comprehensive studies and help clinicians make a choice between CESIs and SNRBs for LSS patients.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900028038. Registered on 8 December 2019
Chemical composition, energy and nutritional values, digestibility and functional properties of defatted flour, protein concentrates and isolates from Carbula marginella (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Cirina butyrospermi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Authors: Séré Aminata , Bougma Adjima , Bazié Bazoin Sylvain Raoul , Traoré Esther , Parkouda Charles , Gnankiné Olivier , Bassolé Imael Henri Nestor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEdible insects constitute a potential source of alternative proteins as a food supplement. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, energy and nutritional values, the digestibility and functional properties ofCarbula marginella(Thunberg) andCirina butyrospermi(Vuillet) defatted flour, protein concentrates, and isolates.Carbula marginellahas shown the highest content of protein (41.44%), lipid (51.92%), calcium (33.92 mg/100 g) and sodium (185.84 mg/100 g) while the highest contents of carbohydrate (34.54%), ash (4.77%), iron (31.27 mg/100 g), magnesium (150.09 mg/100 g), and potassium (1277 mg/100 g) have been observed forC. butyrospermi.Linoleic (30.23%), palmitic (27.54%), oleic (26.41%) and stearic (8.90%) acids were the most dominant fatty acids found inC. marginella.Cirina butyrospermiwas characterized by high levels of oleic (27.01%), stearic (21.02%), linolenic (20.42%), palmitic (13.06%), and linoleic (8.01%) acids. Protein and essential amino acid contents of the protein isolates in both insect species were 1.7–2 times higher than that of their defatted flours. The protein isolate ofC. marginellaexhibited the highest protein digestibility (87.63%), while the highest fat absorption capacity (8.84 g/g) and foaming capacity (48.40%) have been obtained from the protein isolate ofC. butyrospermi. These findings indicate that the protein concentrates and isolates ofC. marginellaandC. butyrospermihave great potential for industrial applications.
Providing outpatient cancer care for CALD patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Nic Giolla Easpaig Bróna , Tran Yvonne , Winata Teresa , Lamprell Klay , Fajardo Pulido Diana , Arnolda Gaston , Delaney Geoff P. , Liauw Winston , Smith Kylie , Avery Sandra , Rigg Kim , Westbrook Johanna , Olver Ian , Currow David , Girgis Afaf , Karnon Jonathan , Ward Robyn L. , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
There have been few descriptions of how outpatient cancer care is provided to patients from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. As populations who experience disparities in cancer care access and outcomes, deeper understanding is needed to help identify those factors which can shape the receipt of multidisciplinary care in ambulatory settings. This paper reports on data collected and analysed as part of a multicentre characterisation of care in Australian public hospital cancer outpatient clinics (OPCs).

Results
Analysis of data from our ethnographic study of four OPCs identified three themes: “Identifying CALD patient language-related needs”; “Capacity and resources to meet CALD patient needs”, and “Making it work for CALD communities.” The care team comprises not only clinicians but also families and non-clinical staff; OPCs serve as “touchpoints” facilitating access to a range of therapeutic services. The findings highlight the potential challenges oncology professionals negotiate in providing care to CALD communities and the ways in which clinicians adapt their practices, formulate strategies and use available resources to support care delivery.
The use of mobile applications in higher education classes: a comparative pilot study of the students’ perceptions and real usage
Authors: Oliveira David Manuel Duarte , Pedro Luís , Santos Carlos 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper was developed within the scope of a PhD thesis that intends to characterize the use of mobile applications by the students of the University of Aveiro during class time. The main purpose of this paper is to present the results of an initial pilot study that aimed to fine-tune data collection methods in order to gather data that reflected the practices of the use of mobile applications by students in a higher education institution during classes. In this paper we present the context of the pilot, its technological settings, the analysed cases and the discussion and conclusions carried out to gather mobile applications usage data logs from students of an undergraduate degree on Communication Technologies.Our study gathered data from 77 participants, taking theoretical classes in the Department of Communication and Arts at the University of Aveiro. The research was based on the Grounded Theory method approach aiming to analyse the logs from the access points of the University. With the collected data, a profile of the use of mobile devices during classes was drawn.The preliminary findings suggest that the use of apps during the theoretical classes of the Department of Communication and Art is quite high and that the most used apps are Social networks like Facebook and Instagram. During this pilot the accesses during theoretical classes corresponded to approximately 11,177 accesses per student. We also concluded that the students agree that accessing applications can distract them during these classes and that they have a misperception about their use of online applications during classes, as the usage time is, in fact, more intensive than what participants reported.
Laser-based three-dimensional manufacturing technologies for rechargeable batteries
Authors: Moldovan Dan , Choi Jaeyoo , Choo Youngwoo , Kim Won-Sik , Hwa Yoon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLaser three-dimensional (3D) manufacturing technologies have gained substantial attention to fabricate 3D structured electrochemical rechargeable batteries. Laser 3D manufacturing techniques offer excellent 3D microstructure controllability, good design flexibility, process simplicity, and high energy and cost efficiencies, which are beneficial for rechargeable battery cell manufacturing. In this review, notable progress in development of the rechargeable battery cells via laser 3D manufacturing techniques is introduced and discussed. The basic concepts and remarkable achievements of four representative laser 3D manufacturing techniques such as selective laser sintering (or melting) techniques, direct laser writing for graphene-based electrodes, laser-induced forward transfer technique and laser ablation subtractive manufacturing are highlighted. Finally, major challenges and prospects of the laser 3D manufacturing technologies for battery cell manufacturing will be provided.
Investigation and simulation of flood inundation hazard in urban areas in Iran
Authors: Khalaj Mohammad Rostami , Noor Hamzeh , Dastranj Ali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExtensive impervious area and the man-made streams are the characteristics of urban areas. In recent years, rapid urbanization has led to change of rural areas into urban areas, and urban runoff will increase as the result of spread and growth of impervious areas. Land use changes, increasing urbanization, unauthorized construction, inefficiency of sewage system and increased impervious surface in urban areas have significant impacts on inundation hazard. Therefore, to manage urban areas and prioritize regions to inundation elimination problems, the area most affected by inundation should be determined. In this study, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is used to simulate the rainfall-runoff in the study area. The simulated runoff in the SWMM model is used as input to the HEC-RAS model and determines inundation hazard zones in 5, 25 and 50 return periods. Then, six factors such as distance from the main channel, slope, land use, drainage density, the main channel slope and elevation were selected to determine inundation hazard map using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that the combined model (SWMM and HEC-RAS) was suitable to analyze urban inundation and determine inundation hazard zones on urban areas. Simulated results can be used to develop urban inundation hazard forecasts. In addition, the result of inundation hazard map indicates that 8.2% of the case study is determined as a high hazard zone.
Assessing excess mortality in times of pandemics based on principal component analysis of weekly mortality data—the case of COVID-19
Authors: Vanella Patrizio , Basellini Ugofilippo , Lange Berit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 outbreak has called for renewed attention to the need for sound statistical analyses to monitor mortality patterns and trends over time. Excess mortality has been suggested as the most appropriate indicator to measure the overall burden of the pandemic in terms of mortality. As such, excess mortality has received considerable interest since the outbreak of COVID-19 began.Previous approaches to estimate excess mortality are somewhat limited, as they do not include sufficiently long-term trends, correlations among different demographic and geographic groups, or autocorrelations in the mortality time series. This might lead to biased estimates of excess mortality, as random mortality fluctuations may be misinterpreted as excess mortality.We propose a novel approach that overcomes the named limitations and draws a more realistic picture of excess mortality. Our approach is based on an established forecasting model that is used in demography, namely, the Lee-Carter model. We illustrate our approach by using the weekly age- and sex-specific mortality data for 19 countries and the current COVID-19 pandemic as a case study. Our findings show evidence of considerable excess mortality during 2020 in Europe, which affects different countries, age, and sex groups heterogeneously. Our proposed model can be applied to future pandemics as well as to monitor excess mortality from specific causes of death.
Stature estimation study based on pelvic and sacral morphometric among Malaysian population
Authors: Lai Poh Soon , Mohamad Noor Mohamad Helmee , Abdullah Nurliza 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Virtual anthropology in estimating stature through multislice computed tomography scanning is important for forensic cases and mass disasters. Regression formulae generated directly from other post-cranial skeleton parts can be applied for estimating stature. Literatures have revealed that scoring of pelvic shape in both sexes is significantly correlated with stature. Hereafter, this study aims to correlate the pelvic and sacral morphometric with stature based on sex and ancestry among the Malaysian population from the selected samples of 373 CT images at Kuala Lumpur Hospital. The three-dimensional pelvic girdles were first segmented from CT images through Mimics Research 17.0 software. Inter-landmark distances were measured with Microsoft 3D Builder and their respective indexes were computed.

Results
This study showed that the auricular lengths, ilium dimension and acetabulum were the most useful stature estimator at R > 0.5. The combination of pelvic parameters, sacral parameters and indexes had contributed to a higher R2 value of the regression models.

Conclusions
Pelvic morphometric was generally a better stature estimator compared to sacral morphometric. The population-specific formula produced from this study should only be realistic within the Malaysian population. This helps to enhance the existing references for stature estimation especially when incomplete human remains are discovered.
Factors influencing the detection of treatable epileptogenic lesions on MRI. A randomized prospective study
Authors: Wehner Tim , Weckesser Philippe , Schulz Steven , Kowoll Annika , Fischer Sebastian , Bosch Jessica , Weinhold Leonie , Fimmers Rolf , Schmid Matthias , Wellmer Jörg 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
To prospectively analyze factors associated with detecting epileptogenic lesions on MRI within the work-sharing process of neurologists, epileptologists, radiologists and neuroradiologists.

Methods
We assembled four sets of six MRI scans, each set representing five typical epileptogenic lesions (hippocampal sclerosis or limbic encephalitis; focal cortical dysplasias; periventricular nodular or other heterotopias; long-term epilepsy associated tumors; gliotic scar, hemosiderin or cavernoma), and non - lesional epilepsy.
At professional conferences, we invited neurologists, epileptologists, radiologists, and neuroradiologists to read two out of four MRI sets, one of which was presented with a clinical focus hypothesis. Participants were randomly assigned to MRI sets. Effects of examiners’ specialty, duration of training and professional experience on detection rate of epileptogenic lesions were investigated.

Results
Fourty-eight neurologists, 22 epileptologists, 20 radiologists and 21 neuroradiologists read 1323 MRI scans. Overall, 613 of 1101 (55.7%) epileptogenic lesions were detected. Long-term epilepsy associated tumors (182/221, 82.4%) were found more frequently than gliotic scar, hemosiderin or cavernoma (157/220, 71.4%), hippocampal sclerosis or limbic encephalitis (141/220, 64.1%), nodular heterotopia (68/220, 30.9%) and focal cortical dysplasias (65/220, 29.5%, p < 0.001). Provision of a focus hypothesis improved the detection of hippocampal sclerosis or limbic encephalitis (86/110, 78.2% vs 55/110, 50%, p < 0.001) and focal cortical dysplasias (40/110, 36.4% vs 25/110, 22.7%, p = 0.037). Neuroradiologists and epileptologists were more likely than radiologists and neurologists to be amongst the most successful readers. In multivariable analysis, type of epileptogenic lesion, specialty of MRI reader, and provision of focus hypothesis predicted correct identification of epileptogenic lesions.

Conclusions
Epileptogenic lesions are often not recognized on MRI even by expert readers. Their detection can be improved by providing a focus hypothesis. These results stress the need for training in the MRI characteristics of epilepsy - specific pathology, and, most importantly, interdisciplinary communication between neurologists/epileptologists and (neuro)radiologists to improve detection of epileptogenic lesions.
Oblique-mode breakdown in hypersonic and high-enthalpy boundary layers over a blunt cone
Authors: Chen Xianliang , Xu Dongxiao , Fu Song 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe nonlinear analyses of the hypersonic and high-enthalpy boundary-layer transition had received little attention compared with the widely-studied linear instabilities. In this work, the oblique-mode breakdown, as one of the most available transition mechanisms, is studied using the nonlinear parabolized stability equations (NPSE) with consideration of the thermal-chemical non-equilibrium effects. The flow over a blunt cone is computed at a free-stream Mach-number of 15. The rope-like structures and the spontaneous radiation of sound waves are observed in the schlieren-like picture. It is also illustrated that the disturbances of the species mass and vibrational temperature near the wall are mainly generated by the product term of the wall-normal velocity disturbance and the mean-flow gradient. In comparison to the CPG flow, the TCNE effects destabilize the second mode and push upstream the N factor envelope. The higher growth rate of the oblique wave leads to stronger growth of the streamwise vortices and harmonic waves.
Factors associated with interest in psychiatry in UK medical students: qualitative study
Authors: Crowley Grace , Banerjee Sube , Page Lisa , Daley Stephanie 
Published: August 2021

Aims and methodThis study aimed to explore factors that positively influence UK medical students’ interest in psychiatry. Delegates and committee members of the National Student Psychiatry Conference 2018 were invited to participate in individual semi-structured interviews. Nine interviews were conducted. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.Results:Four core themes emerged: psychiatry education and exposure, role of a psychiatrist, fitting in, and factors external to medical school. All students had some degree of interest in mental health before medical school, but placement and extra-curricular factors were strongly influential.ImplicationsInterest in psychiatry may be promoted by facilitating student exposure to enthusiastic psychiatrists and psychiatry subspecialties, encouraging extra-curricular activities and identifying early those with pre-existing interest in mental health on admission to medical school. Aspects of psychiatry that should be promoted include the potential to make a positive difference to patients’ lives and the teamworking elements of the specialty.
Optimization of frequency shifts in optically detected magnetic-state-selection cesium beam atomic clocks
Authors: Xu Shaohang , Chen Sifei , Liu Chang , Li Yining , Wang Jiale , Wang Yanhui , Zhang Jun , Dong RiChang , Jiang XiaoBo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we report a new method to suppress the AC Stark effect (light shift) in compact cesium beam atomic clocks. The clock used in experiment uses the optically detected magnetic-state-selection scheme independently proposed and developed by Peking University. This method compensates the AC Stark effect by introducing a detuned laser into the detection light. We demonstrate theoretically that the AC Stark effect can be strongly suppressed with properly chosen detuned light. In addition, we experiment this scheme and the α-coefficient (the sensitivity of the AC Stark effect to laser power fluctuation) is successfully reduced from

to

. We also test the long-term frequency stability with additional laser intensity noise. It is shown that the fractional Allan deviation at 20000 s is reduced from

to

, which reveals the suppression of the light shift with our method. These results are relevant for improving the long-term frequency stability of compact cesium beam atomic clocks.
Models of modified F(R,T) and cuscuton braneworld
Authors: Bazeia D. , Lobão A. S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This work deals with braneworld models in the presence of scalar fields in a five-dimensional warped geometry with a single extra dimension of infinite extent. We consider generalized models in the presence of the Ricci scalar, the trace of the stress-energy tensor and the cuscuton contribution. The models describe novel braneworld scenarios and the investigations consider distinct possibilities, from which we show how the brane may change to become thinner, although keeping gravitational stability and the gravity zero mode under strict control. Moreover, we did not identify any split behavior in the warp factor in the presence of the cuscuton and the trace of the stress-energy tensor.
Caenorhabditis elegans for rare disease modeling and drug discovery: strategies and strengths
Authors: Kropp Peter A. , Bauer Rosemary , Zafra Isabella , Graham Carina , Golden Andy 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Although nearly 10% of Americans suffer from a rare disease, clinical progress in individual rare diseases is severely compromised by lack of attention and research resources compared to common diseases. It is thus imperative to investigate these diseases at their most basic level to build a foundation and provide the opportunity for understanding their mechanisms and phenotypes, as well as potential treatments. One strategy for effectively and efficiently studying rare diseases is using genetically tractable organisms to model the disease and learn about the essential cellular processes affected. Beyond investigating dysfunctional cellular processes, modeling rare diseases in simple organisms presents the opportunity to screen for pharmacological or genetic factors capable of ameliorating disease phenotypes. Among the small model organisms that excel in rare disease modeling is the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. With a staggering breadth of research tools, C. elegans provides an ideal system in which to study human disease. Molecular and cellular processes can be easily elucidated, assayed and altered in ways that can be directly translated to humans. When paired with other model organisms and collaborative efforts with clinicians, the power of these C. elegans studies cannot be overstated. This Review highlights studies that have used C. elegans in diverse ways to understand rare diseases and aid in the development of treatments. With continuing and advancing technologies, the capabilities of this small round worm will continue to yield meaningful and clinically relevant information for human health.
NA TRILHA DA ALIMENTAÇÃO: PROMOVENDO A REFLEXÃO SOBRE HÁBITOS ALIMENTARES SAUDÁVEIS NA ESCOLA
Authors: Santos Filipe Pessoa dos , Ramos Paula , Giannella Tais Rabetti , Struchiner Miriam 
Published: August 2021

A alimentação contemporânea é marcada pela difusão de alimentos ultraprocessados e pela alimentação fora de casa, consequências do ritmo acelerado da vida predominantemente urbanizada. É importante reconhecer o espaço escolar como privilegiado para o desenvolvimento de atividades de educação alimentar e nutricional para promoção da saúde e formação de hábitos saudáveis. Neste sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a oficina "Na trilha da alimentação" desenvolvida no contexto de um projeto de extensão em uma Escola Municipal que atende o Ensino Fundamental II. A oficina integrou três atividades, cujo objetivo foi problematizar a relação da alimentação com a saúde, detalhadas ao longo do trabalho: (1) Diário do corpo; (2) Desvendando os alimentos; (3) Aproveitamento integral dos alimentos. Participaram aproximadamente 54 alunos do ensino fundamental II. Verificou-se que os alunos apresentaram grande interesse em conhecer melhor aquilo que consomem e os impactos gerados na saúde.