bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of post‐processing treatments on the quality of three‐dimensional printed rice starch constructs
Authors: Theagarajan Radhika , Nimbkar Shubham , Moses Jeyan Arthur , Anandharamakrishnan Chinnaswamy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of post‐processing techniques such as blanching, steaming, roasting, microwaving, shallow, and deep‐frying on the quality of three‐dimensional (3D) printed rice starch constructs. To explain this, post‐processed samples were subsequently analyzed for physico‐mechanical properties, microscopic structure, cooking loss, and sensory attributes. The impact of post‐processing was significantly evident (p ≤ .05), also explaining significant differences in the sensorial quality of 3D‐printed constructs. Overall, deep‐fried constructs exhibited the best characteristics, with the least cooking loss (0.73 ± 0.02%), increased hardness (1,708.59 ± 0.05 g), and comparatively better shape stability, followed by steaming, shallow‐frying, and roasting. Besides, the principal component analysis revealed that factors such as thread quality, dimensional stability, and overall acceptability justify deep‐frying as the most suitable post‐processing method for rice‐based 3D‐printed constructs. This study provides insights into the choice of post‐processing treatments for 3D‐printed foods, particularly applicable to rice starch‐based products.Practical Applications
In the context of three‐dimensional (3D) food printing, printability is not the sole criteria determining the quality of the product. Structural stability and consumer acceptance are significantly influenced by the post‐processing methods. The present work focuses on this aspect and provides insights into the effect of post‐processing methods on stability and sensory acceptance.
Post‐processing methods and conditions also relate to the development of “novel food products” using 3D printing technology.
The findings of this study provide information on explaining the most suitable post‐processing technique for rice‐based 3D‐printed products.
Risk assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver‐related events using ultrasonography and transient elastography in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Yoo Sung Hwan , Lim Tae Seop , Lee Hyun Woong , Kim Ja Kyung , Lee Jae Seung , Lee Hye Won , Kim Beom Kyung , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Lee Jung Il , Lee Kwan Sik , Kim Seung Up 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCirrhosis has prognostic value. We investigated whether the combined use of ultrasonography (US) and transient elastography (TE) to diagnose cirrhosis is beneficial for the risk assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver‐related events in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). A total of 9300 patients with CHB who underwent US and TE in two institutions between 2006 and 2018 were enrolled. TE value ≥13 kPa was set to indicate cirrhosis. Patients were divided into four groups: US(+)TE(+) (cirrhosis by US and TE), US(+)TE(−) (cirrhosis by US, but not by TE), US(−)TE(+) (cirrhosis by TE, but not by US) and US(−)TE(−) (non‐cirrhosis by US and TE).The patients were predominantly male (n = 5474, 58.9%) with a mean age of 47.5 years. The proportions of patients with cirrhosis diagnosed by US and TE were 17.2% (n = 1595) and 13.2% (n = 1225), respectively. The proportion of patients with discordant results in diagnosing cirrhosis by US and TE was 18.7% (n = 1740). During follow‐up (median: 60.0 months), HCC and liver‐related events developed in 481 (5.2%) and 759 (8.2%) patients, respectively. The cumulative incidence rates of HCC and liver‐related events were highest in the US(+)TE(+) group, intermediate‐high in the US(−)TE(+) group, intermediate‐low in the US(+)TE(−) group and lowest in the US(−)TE(−) group (overall p < .001). Cirrhosis assessed using US and TE was a major predictor of HCC and liver‐related event development in patients with CHB. Cirrhosis assessed using TE seemed better in predicting HCC or liver‐related events than using US, when cirrhosis diagnosis was discordant by US and TE.
Human activity strongly influences genetic dynamics of the most widespread invasive plant in the sub‐Antarctic
Authors: Mairal Mario , Chown Steven L. , Shaw Justine , Chala Desalegn , Chau John H. , Hui Cang , Kalwij Jesse M. , Münzbergová Zuzana , Jansen van Vuuren Bettine , Le Roux Johannes J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe link between the successful establishment of alien species and propagule pressure is well‐documented. Less known is how humans influence the post‐introduction dynamics of invasive alien populations. The latter requires studying parallel invasions by the same species in habitats that are differently impacted by humans. We analysed microsatellite and genome size variation, and then compared the genetic diversity and structure of invasive Poa annua L. on two sub‐Antarctic islands: human‐occupied Marion Island and unoccupied Prince Edward Island. We also carried out niche modelling to map the potential distribution of the species on both islands. We found high levels of genetic diversity and evidence for extensive admixture between genetically distinct lineages of P. annua on Marion Island. By contrast, the Prince Edward Island populations showed low genetic diversity, no apparent admixture, and had smaller genomes. On both islands, high genetic diversity was apparent at human landing sites, and on Marion Island, also around human settlements, suggesting that these areas received multiple introductions and/or acted as initial introduction sites and secondary sources (bridgeheads) for invasive populations. More than 70 years of continuous human activity associated with a meteorological station on Marion Island led to a distribution of this species around human settlements and along footpaths, which facilitates ongoing gene flow among geographically separated populations. By contrast, this was not the case for Prince Edward Island, where P. annua populations showed high genetic structure. The high levels of genetic variation and admixture in P. annua facilitated by human activity, coupled with high habitat suitability on both islands, suggest that P. annua is likely to increase its distribution and abundance in the future.
Regions of genetic divergence in depth‐separated Sebastes rockfish species pairs: Depth as a potential driver of speciation
Authors: Behrens Kristen A. , Girasek Quinn L. , Sickler Alex , Hyde John , Buonaccorsi Vincent P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDepth separation is a proposed driver of speciation in marine fishes, with marine rockfish (genus Sebastes) providing a potentially informative study system. Sebastes rockfishes are commercially and ecologically important. This genus encompasses more than one hundred species and the ecological and morphological variance between these species provides opportunity for identifying speciation‐driving adaptations, particularly along a depth gradient. A reduced‐representation sequencing method (ddRADseq) was used to compare 95 individuals encompassing six Sebastes species. In this study, we sought to identify regions of divergence between species that were indicative of divergent adaptation and reproductive barriers leading to speciation. A pairwise comparison of S. chrysomelas (black‐and‐yellow rockfish) and S. carnatus (gopher rockfish) FST values revealed three major regions of elevated genomic divergence, two of which were also present in the S. miniatus (vermilion rockfish) and S. crocotulus (sunset rockfish) comparison. These corresponded with regions of both elevated DXY values and reduced nucleotide diversity in two cases, suggesting a speciation‐with‐gene‐flow evolutionary model followed by post‐speciation selective sweeps within each species. Limited whole‐genome resequencing was also performed to identify mutations with predicted effects between S. chrysomelas and S. carnatus. Within these islands, we identified important SNPs in genes involved in immune function and vision. This supports their potential role in speciation, as these are adaptive vectors noted in other organisms. Additionally, changes to genes involved in pigment expression and mate recognition shed light on how S. chrysomelas and S. carnatus may have become reproductively isolated.
Pleistocene origins, western ghost lineages, and the emerging phylogeographic history of the red wolf and coyote
Authors: Sacks Benjamin N. , Mitchell Kieren J. , Quinn Cate B. , Hennelly Lauren M. , Sinding Mikkel‐Holger S. , Statham Mark J. , Preckler‐Quisquater Sophie , Fain Steven R. , Kistler Logan , Vanderzwan Stevi L. , Meachen Julie A. , Ostrander Elaine A. , Frantz Laurent A. F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe red wolf (Canis rufus) of the eastern US was driven to near‐extinction by colonial‐era persecution and habitat conversion, which facilitated coyote (C. latrans) range expansion and widespread hybridization with red wolves. The observation of some grey wolf (C. lupus) ancestry within red wolves sparked controversy over whether it was historically a subspecies of grey wolf with its predominant “coyote‐like” ancestry obtained from post‐colonial coyote hybridization (2‐species hypothesis) versus a distinct species closely related to the coyote that hybridized with grey wolf (3‐species hypothesis). We analysed mitogenomes sourced from before the 20th century bottleneck and coyote invasion, along with hundreds of modern amplicons, which led us to reject the 2‐species model and to investigate a broader phylogeographic 3‐species model suggested by the fossil record. Our findings broadly support this model, in which red wolves ranged the width of the American continent prior to arrival of the grey wolf to the mid‐continent 60–80 ka; red wolves subsequently disappeared from the mid‐continent, relegated to California and the eastern forests, which ushered in emergence of the coyote in their place (50–30 ka); by the early Holocene (12–10 ka), coyotes had expanded into California, where they admixed with and phenotypically replaced western red wolves in a process analogous to the 20th century coyote invasion of the eastern forests. Findings indicate that the red wolf pre‐dated not only European colonization but human, and possibly coyote, presence in North America. These findings highlight the urgency of expanding conservation efforts for the red wolf.
A novel receptor for platelet‐activating factor and lysophosphatidylcholine in Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Coelho Felipe S. , Oliveira Mauricio M. , Vieira Danielle P. , Torres Pedro H. M. , Moreira Isabel C. F. , Martins‐Duarte Erica S. , Gonçalves Inês C. , Cabanelas Adriana , Pascutti Pedro G. , Fragoso Stenio P. , Lopes Angela H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe lipid mediators, platelet‐activating factor (PAF) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), play relevant pathophysiological roles in Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Several species of LPC, including C18:1 LPC, which mimics the effects of PAF, are synthesized by T. cruzi. The present study identified a receptor in T. cruzi, which was predicted to bind to PAF, and found it to be homologous to members of the progestin and adiponectin family of receptors (PAQRs). We constructed a three‐dimensional model of the T. cruzi PAQR (TcPAQR) and performed molecular docking to predict the interactions of the TcPAQR model with C16:0 PAF and C18:1 LPC. We knocked out T. cruzi PAQR (TcPAQR) gene and confirmed the identity of the expressed protein through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays using an anti‐human PAQR antibody. Wild‐type and knockout (KO) parasites were also used to investigate the in vitro cell differentiation and interactions with peritoneal mouse macrophages; TcPAQR KO parasites were unable to react to C16:0 PAF or C18:1 LPC. Our data are highly suggestive that PAF and LPC act through TcPAQR in T. cruzi, triggering its cellular differentiation and ability to infect macrophages.
A prospective examination of COVID‐19‐related social distancing practices on suicidal ideation
Authors: Ammerman Brooke A. , Burke Taylor A. , McClure Kenneth , Jacobucci Ross , Liu Richard T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has spurred the implementation of several public safety measures to contain virus spread, most notably socially distancing policies. Prior research has linked similar public safety measures (i.e., quarantine) with suicide risk, in addition to supporting the role of social connection in suicidal thoughts and behaviors; consequently, there is a need to better understand the relationship between widespread social distancing policies and suicide risk. The current study aimed to examine the prospective association between COVID‐19‐related social distancing practices and suicidal ideation.MethodsParticipants (N = 472) completed measures of suicidal ideation and impacts of social distancing practices at baseline and two weeks later.ResultsAfter controlling for general psychosocial distress (i.e., depression, social connectedness), cross‐lagged regression models identified prospective, bidirectional relationships between perceived impacts of social distancing on one's mental health and both passive and active suicidal ideation. The impact of social distancing on work/social routine was not associated with suicidal ideation.ConclusionsOverall, findings suggest the importance of an individual's perception regarding the effect of social distancing on their mental health, rather than the disruption to work or social routine, in suicide risk. Findings highlight potential targets for suicide risk prevention and intervention.
Zamucoan Person Marking as a Perturbed System*
Authors: Bertinetto Pier Marco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the Zamucoan system of Person markers: personal pronouns, verbal and possessive inflection. Comparing the three documented languages (Ayoreo and Chamacoco, currently spoken, and extinct Old Zamuco), one can reconstruct for a very ancient stage of this language family an agglutinating structure for both personal pronouns and verbal inflection, with Person and Number dealt with by, respectively, prefixes and suffixes. However, possessive inflection could not be accommodated within this system, since the noun suffix can only expresspossessumNumber, while possessor Number has to be expressed by a dedicated prefix. This structural conflict forced the Zamucoan languages to attempt various solutions, departing from the original agglutinating logic.
Treatment outcomes of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Hirama Takashi , Singer Lianne G. , Brode Sarah K. , Marras Theodore K. , Husain Shahid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung transplant (LTX) recipients are at risk miscellaneous infections, among whom the clinical significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is increasingly recognized. Despite anti‐mycobacterial therapy becoming standardized worldwide, there is a lack of data on treatment outcomes in LTX recipients who develop NTM‐pulmonary disease (PD). We aimed to review the treatment outcomes of NTM‐PD among LTX recipients in our center.MethodsPatients who underwent LTX from January 2013 to December 2014 were consecutively enrolled in the retrospective cohort, with follow‐up of data retrieved to December 2017. Clinical and radiological improvement and culture conversion after anti‐mycobacterial therapy were reviewed in those who developed post‐transplant NTM‐PD.ResultsSixteen of 230 LTX recipients developed post‐transplant NTM‐PD. Ten of 16 patients with post‐transplant NTM‐PD were treated with macrolide‐containing anti‐mycobacterial therapy, leading to clinical improvement in 5/10 (50%), radiological improvement in 5/10 (50%) and culture conversion in 6/10 (60%) patients.ConclusionAnti‐mycobacterial therapy may relieve pulmonary symptoms and reduce microbial load among individuals with post‐transplant NTM‐PD.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: June 2021

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 4Ahmet Yıkmış, Abant Izzet Baysal Univeersity, TurkeyAntónio Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, PortugalBishnu Prasad Dahal, Tribhuvan University, NepalHao Liu, Beijing Normal University , ChinaIvan Lenard, Elementary school Ladimirevci, CroatiaJihyoung Kim, Pyeongtaek University, South KoreaMd. Nasir Uddin, Prime Minister’s Office, BangladeshMei-Ling Lin, National Open University, TaiwanRima Meilita Sari, STKIP Al-Washliyah, IndonesiaRonaldo R. Larioque, NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Philippines James YoungEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://ijsss.redfame.com
Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy compared with other conventional therapies on wound healing and pain reduction in patients with median sternotomy: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Murugan Mahendiran , Regan Raja , Arumugam Ashokan 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy, used alone or in combination with conventional therapies, on wound healing and pain reduction in patients with median sternotomy.

Introduction:
In the previous two decades, the incidence of postsurgical complications following median sternotomy has remained reasonably unchanged. Owing to the shortcomings of conventional therapies in wound healing, alternative solutions are sought. Photobiomodulation with low-level laser therapy has become a preferred therapy for augmenting tissue repair and stimulating immediate analgesia by releasing local neurotransmitters and endorphins, or through anti-inflammatory effects.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include only randomized controlled trials that studied the effects of low-level laser therapy used as a monotherapy or in combination with other conventional therapies in promoting wound healing and reducing pain in adult patients with median sternotomy. Comparators may include other forms of photobiomodulation therapy/phototherapy, other conventional therapies, control, or placebo/sham interventions.

Methods:
Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), AMED (EBSCO), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and Scopus will be searched from database inception to the present date. Two reviewers will independently screen, extract data, and examine methodological quality of the eligible studies using the JBI critical appraisal checklist for randomized controlled trials. A meta-analysis will be done if adequate data with homogeneous population, interventions, and outcomes are available. The overall level of evidence will be synthesized using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020203011.
Young black women demonstrate impaired microvascular but preserved macrovascular function compared to white women
Authors: D'Agata Michele N. , Hoopes Elissa K. , Berube Felicia R. , Hirt Alexandra E. , Witman Melissa A. 
Published: June 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Is there a racial disparity in macrovascular and/or microvascular function between young black and white women?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Black women (BLW) demonstrated impaired microvascular function but similar macrovascular function compared to white women (WHW). These findings suggest an identifiable racial disparity in microvascular function between BLW and WHW as early as young adulthood. Microvascular dysfunction is predictive of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) and generally precedes the development of macrovascular dysfunction. Therefore, these findings also suggest that evaluating microvascular function and CVD risk in young, otherwise healthy BLW are important, as there are known racial disparities in CVD morbidity and mortality in black adults.

AbstractBlack women (BLW) have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality compared to white women (WHW). Vascular dysfunction is a non‐traditional risk factor for CVD and BLW demonstrate impaired vascular function when compared to WHW throughout the lifespan. Several previous studies assessed macrovascular and microvascular function in young BLW compared to WHW, but there has been no recent work exploring this disparity in young women using current, up‐to‐date methodologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate both macrovascular and microvascular function as assessed by haemodynamic responses to flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD), following current FMD guidelines, in young adult BLW and WHW. We hypothesized that BLW would demonstrate attenuated macrovascular and microvascular responses to FMD compared to WHW. Macrovascular function was assessed as the percentage dilatation of the brachial artery following FMD occlusion‐cuff release (FMD%). Microvascular function was assessed by total reactive hyperaemia area under the curve (RH‐AUC), calculated as the cumulative increase in brachial artery blood flow above baseline following FMD occlusion‐cuff release. Participants were tested in the morning hours during the early follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. Twenty‐eight young, apparently healthy women completed the study: 17 WHW (23 ± 4 years) and 11 BLW (24 ± 5 years). FMD% was lower in BLW (WHW: 8.0 ± 1.6, BLW: 6.2 ± 2.4%; P = 0.02), but significance was abolished when FMD% was normalized for shear (WHW: 0.1230 ± 0.0388, BLW: 0.1132 ± 0.0405; P = 0.53). RH‐AUC was lower in BLW (WHW: 438 ± 133, BLW: 268 ± 66 ml/min; P < 0.001). Young, otherwise healthy BLW demonstrated impaired microvascular function compared to WHW.
Using Energy Shaping and Regulation for Limit Cycle Stabilization, Generation, and Transition in Simple Locomotive Systems
Authors: Yeatman Mark , Gregg Robert D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper explores new ways to use energy shaping and regulation methods in walking systems to generate new passive-like gaits and dynamically transition between them. We recapitulate a control framework for Lagrangian hybrid systems, and show that regulating a state varying energy function is equivalent to applying energy shaping and regulating the system to a constant energy value. We then consider a simple one-dimensional hopping robot and show how energy shaping and regulation control can be used to generate and transition between nearly globally stable hopping limit cycles. The principles from this example are then applied on two canonical walking models, the spring loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) and compass gait biped, to generate and transition between locomotive gaits. These examples show that piecewise jumps in control parameters can be used to achieve stable changes in desired gait characteristics dynamically/online.