bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TEMPERED PARETO-TYPE MODELLING USING WEIBULL DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: Albrecher Hansjörg , Araujo-Acuna José Carlos , Beirlant Jan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn various applications of heavy-tail modelling, the assumed Pareto behaviour is tempered ultimately in the range of the largest data. In insurance applications, claim payments are influenced by claim management and claims may, for instance, be subject to a higher level of inspection at highest damage levels leading to weaker tails than apparent from modal claims. Generalizing earlier results of Meerschaert et al. (2012) and Raschke (2020), in this paper we consider tempering of a Pareto-type distribution with a general Weibull distribution in a peaks-over-threshold approach. This requires to modulate the tempering parameters as a function of the chosen threshold. Modelling such a tempering effect is important in order to avoid overestimation of risk measures such as the value-at-risk at high quantiles. We use a pseudo maximum likelihood approach to estimate the model parameters and consider the estimation of extreme quantiles. We derive basic asymptotic results for the estimators, give illustrations with simulation experiments and apply the developed techniques to fire and liability insurance data, providing insight into the relevance of the tempering component in heavy-tail modelling.
A DOUBLE COMMON FACTOR MODEL FOR MORTALITY PROJECTION USING BEST-PERFORMANCE MORTALITY RATES AS REFERENCE
Authors: Li Jackie , Lee Maggie , Guthrie Simon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe construct a double common factor model for projecting the mortality of a population using as a reference the minimum death rate at each age among a large number of countries. In particular, the female and male minimum death rates, described as best-performance or best-practice rates, are first modelled by a common factor model structure with both common and sex-specific parameters. The differences between the death rates of the population under study and the best-performance rates are then modelled by another common factor model structure. An important result of using our proposed model is that the projected death rates of the population being considered are coherent with the projected best-performance rates in the long term, the latter of which serves as a very useful reference for the projection based on the collective experience of multiple countries. Our out-of-sample analysis shows that the new model has potential to outperform some conventional approaches in mortality projection.
Active inoculation boosts attitudinal resistance against extremist persuasion techniques: a novel approach towards the prevention of violent extremism
Authors: SALEH NABIL F. , ROOZENBEEK JON , MAKKI FADI A. , MCCLANAHAN WILLIAM P. , VAN DER LINDEN SANDER 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Internet is gaining relevance as a platform where extremist organizations seek to recruit new members. For this preregistered study, we developed and tested a novel online game, Radicalise, which aims to combat the effectiveness of online recruitment strategies used by extremist organizations, based on the principles of active psychological inoculation. The game “inoculates” players by exposing them to severely weakened doses of the key techniques and methods used to recruit and radicalize individuals via social media platforms: identifying vulnerable individuals, gaining their trust, isolating them from their community and pressuring them into committing a criminal act in the name of the extremist organization. To test the game's effectiveness, we conducted a preregistered 2 × 2 mixed (pre–post) randomized controlled experiment (n = 291) with two outcome measures. The first measured participants’ ability and confidence in assessing the manipulativeness of fictitious WhatsApp messages making use of an extremist manipulation technique before and after playing. The second measured participants’ ability to identify what factors make an individual vulnerable to extremist recruitment using 10 profile vignettes, also before and after playing. We find that playing Radicalise significantly improves participants’ ability and confidence in spotting manipulative messages and the characteristics associated with vulnerability.
Probabilistic Antecedents and Conditional Attitudes
Authors: Lennertz Benjamin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractI generalize the notion of a conditional attitude by bringing together two topics of inquiry. One is the ordinary inquiry into conditional attitudes. The other topic is the inquiry into the attitude of thinking that a proposition is likely, or having a high credence in a proposition. For instance, what is it to intend to go to the game if it is likely that Kershaw pitches? Being likely that Kershaw pitches is the condition of the attitude. Given a natural position about statements like “It is likely that Kershaw pitches,” the target attitude looks different from ordinary conditional attitudes.
A variational principle for the metric mean dimension of free semigroup actions
Authors: CARVALHO MARIA , RODRIGUES FAGNER B. , VARANDAS PAULO 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider continuous free semigroup actions generated by a family

$(g_y)_{y \,\in \, Y}$
of continuous endomorphisms of a compact metric space

$(X,d)$
, subject to a random walk

$\mathbb P_\nu =\nu ^{\mathbb N}$
defined on a shift space

$Y^{\mathbb N}$
, where

$(Y, d_Y)$
is a compact metric space with finite upper box dimension and

$\nu $
is a Borel probability measure on Y. With the aim of elucidating the impact of the random walk on the metric mean dimension, we prove a variational principle which relates the metric mean dimension of the semigroup action with the corresponding notions for the associated skew product and the shift map

$\sigma $
on

$Y^{\mathbb {N}}$
, and compare them with the upper box dimension of Y. In particular, we obtain exact formulas whenever

$\nu $
is homogeneous and has full support. We also discuss several examples to enlighten the roles of the homogeneity, of the support and of the upper box dimension of the measure

$\nu $
, and to test the scope of our results.
Curves on K3 surfaces in divisibility 2
Authors: Bae Younghan , Buelles Tim-Henrik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe prove a conjecture of Maulik, Pandharipande and Thomas expressing the Gromov–Witten invariants of K3 surfaces for divisibility 2 curve classes in all genera in terms of weakly holomorphic quasi-modular forms of level 2. Then we establish the holomorphic anomaly equation in divisibility 2 in all genera. Our approach involves a refined boundary induction, relying on the top tautological group of the moduli space of smooth curves, together with a degeneration formula for the reduced virtual fundamental class with imprimitive curve classes. We use double ramification relations with target variety as a new tool to prove the initial condition. The relationship between the holomorphic anomaly equation for higher divisibility and the conjectural multiple cover formula of Oberdieck and Pandharipande is discussed in detail and illustrated with several examples.
Quality of inpatient antimicrobial use in hematology and oncology patients
Authors: Douglas Abby P. , Hall Lisa , James Rodney S. , Worth Leon J. , Slavin Monica A. , Thursky Karin A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectives:To compare antimicrobial prescribing practices in Australian hematology and oncology patients to noncancer acute inpatients and to identify targets for stewardship interventions.Design:Retrospective comparative analysis of a national prospectively collected database.Methods:Using data from the 2014–2018 annual Australian point-prevalence surveys of antimicrobial prescribing in hospitalized patients (ie, Hospital National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey called Hospital NAPS), the most frequently used antimicrobials, their appropriateness, and guideline concordance were compared among hematology/bone marrow transplant (hemBMT), oncology, and noncancer inpatients in the setting of treatment of neutropenic fever and antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis.Results:In 454 facilities, 94,226 antibiotic prescriptions for 62,607 adult inpatients (2,230 hemBMT, 1,824 oncology, and 58,553 noncancer) were analyzed. Appropriateness was high for neutropenic fever management across groups (83.4%–90.4%); however, hemBMT patients had high rates of carbapenem use (111 of 746 prescriptions, 14.9%), and 20.2% of these prescriptions were deemed inappropriate. Logistic regression demonstrated that hemBMT patients were more likely to receive appropriate antifungal prophylaxis compared to oncology and noncancer patients (adjusted OR, 5.3;P< .001 for hemBMT compared to noncancer patients). Oncology had a low rate of antifungal prophylaxis guideline compliance (67.2%), and incorrect dosage and frequency were key factors. Compared to oncology patients, hemBMT patients were more likely to receive appropriate nonsurgical antibacterial prophylaxis (aOR, 8.4; 95% CI, 5.3–13.3;P< .001). HemBMT patients were also more likely to receive appropriate nonsurgical antibacterial prophylaxis compared to noncancer patients (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.9–5.0;P< .001). However, in the Australian context, the hemBMT group had higher than expected use of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis (66 of 831 prescriptions, 8%).Conclusions:This study demonstrates why separate analysis of hemBMT and oncology populations is necessary to identify specific opportunities for quality improvement in each patient group.
Association between a rapid diagnostic test to detect methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus pneumonia and decreased vancomycin use in a medical intensive care unit over a 30-month period
Authors: Pickens Chiagozie I. , Qi Chao , Postelnick Michael , Paonessa Joseph , Donnelly Helen K. , Wunderink Richard G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVancomycin overuse is common, yet few data are available regarding how to improve stewardship of this antibiotic. We identify an association between use of a PCR assay to rule out MRSA pneumonia and a significant, sustained decrease in average vancomycin days of therapy over a 30-month period.
Distributive/integrative negotiation strategies in cross-cultural contexts: a comparative study of the USA and Italy
Authors: Benetti Sara , Ogliastri Enrique , Caputo Andrea 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntegrative and distributive negotiation strategies are a key paradigm of practice, teaching, and research. Are these US-formulated negotiation prototypes valid in the rest of the world? Adopting a cross-cultural view, we analyze a sample of 214 foreigners who detailed the negotiation behavior they faced in Italy (134) and in the United States (80). Implementing latent class analysis, we identify three clusters of negotiation prototypes. Our findings show how the Country is a predictor for cluster membership, and peculiar cultural traits of the two groups contribute to explain the differences in negotiation strategies. Three prototypes emerged: a typically distributive, an emotional integrative (mostly Italian), and an impersonal integrative (mostly American). Results show how the handling of emotions is a crucial part of the interaction for Italian negotiators, regardless of their orientation toward negotiation strategies, implying a cultural influence toward handling emotions in negotiations.
Uncommon preservation of dinosaur footprints in a tidal breccia:Eubrontes giganteusfrom the Early Jurassic Mongisty tracksite of Aveyron, southern France
Authors: Moreau Jean-David , Sciau Jacques , Gand Georges , Fara Emmanuel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA recent excavation yielded 118 large tridactyl footprints in the Lower Jurassic Dolomitic Formation of the Causses Basin, at Mongisty in southern France. Most of the tracks are ascribed toEubrontes giganteusHitchcock, 1845. They are preserved on a surface of 53 m2and form parallel rows with a preferential orientation towards the north. Such an abundance and density ofE. giganteusis observed for the first time in the Early Jurassic from the Causses Basin. Sedimentological and ichnotaphonomical analyses show that the footprints were made at different time intervals, thus excluding the passage of a large group. In contrast to all other tracksites from the Dolomitic Formation, where tracks are preserved in fine-grained sediments corresponding to low-energy depositional palaeoenvironments, the tracks from Mongisty are preserved in coarse-grained sediment which is a matrix- to clast-supported breccia. Clasts consist of angular to sub-rounded, millimetric to centimetric-scale (up to 2 cm), poorly sorted, randomly oriented, homogeneous dolostone intraclasts floating in a dolomudstone matrix. Sedimentological analysis shows that the depositional environments of Mongisty varied from subtidal to intertidal/supratidal settings in a large and protected flat marsh. The lithology of the track-bearing surfaces indicates that the mudflat of the Causses Basin was sporadically affected by large mud flows that reworked and redeposited mudstone intraclasts coming from the erosion of upstream, dry and partially lithified mud beds. Throughout the world, this type of preservation of dinosaur tracks in tidal matrix- to clast-supported breccias remains rare.
Using a 4K three-dimensional exoscope system (Vitom 3D) for mastoid surgery during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Ally M , Kullar P , Mochloulis G , Vijendren A 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveMicroscopic surgery is currently considered the ‘gold standard’ for middle-ear, mastoid and lateral skull base surgery. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has made microscopic surgery more challenging to perform. This work aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of the Vitom 3D system, which integrates a high-definition (4K) view and three-dimensional technology for ear surgery, within the context of the pandemic.MethodCombined approach tympanoplasty and ossiculoplasty were performed for cholesteatoma using the Vitom 3D system exclusively.ResultsSurgery was performed successfully. The patient made a good recovery, with no evidence of residual disease at follow up. The compact system has excellent depth of field, magnification and colour. It enables ergonomic work, improved work flow, and is ideal for teaching and training.ConclusionThe Vitom 3D system is considered a revolutionary alternative to microscope-assisted surgery, particularly in light of coronavirus disease 2019. It allows delivery of safe otological surgery, which may aid in continuing elective surgery.
Cooperation, fairness and team reasoning
Authors: Duijf Hein 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper examines two strands of literature regarding economic models of cooperation. First, payoff transformation theories assume that people may not be exclusively motivated by self-interest, but also care about equality and fairness. Second, team reasoning theorists assume that people might reason from the perspective of the team, rather than an individualistic perspective. Can these two theories be unified? In contrast to the consensus among team reasoning theorists, I argue that team reasoning can be viewed as a particular type of payoff transformation. However, I also demonstrate that many payoff transformations yield actions that team reasoning rules out.
The joint development of externalizing and internalizing behaviors in black and Hispanic youth and the link to late adolescent substance use
Authors: Bears Augustyn Megan , Fulco Celia J. , Agbeke Della , Henry Kimberly L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is a need to understand how the joint development of externalizing and internalizing behaviors is related to substance use, particularly among historically understudied and often disadvantaged populations. Latent class models were used to estimate patterns of externalizing behaviors and internalizing behaviors in the form of depressive and anxious symptoms from age 6 to 14 among 390 Black and Hispanic youth. Then, growth curve models of substance use between the ages of 15 and 19 were estimated as a function of joint latent class membership. Only elevated levels of externalizing behaviors were associated with higher levels of substance use through age 18. Internalizing behaviors appeared to serve as a protective factor among those with moderate displays of externalizing behavior only. Additionally, growth in substance use from ages 15 to 19 was slower among those who displayed the highest level of externalizing behaviors, and internalizing behaviors appeared to moderate growth (and serve as protective factor) among those who displayed moderate levels of externalizing behaviors. The findings underscore the importance of pattern profiles based on observations of the joint development of problem behaviors to assess risk for substance use, particularly in understudied populations where risk/protective factors may operate in a unique manner.
How matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 (rs3918242) polymorphism affects MMP-9 serum concentration and associates with autism spectrum disorders: A case-control study in Iranian population
Authors: Lord Javid Rezaei , Mashayekhi Farhad , Salehi Zivar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this project was to evaluate the relationship of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) genetic variation and its serum concentration with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One hundred ASD and 120 controls were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood and MMP-9 polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism and serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The frequencies of CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 72%, 26%, and 2% in controls and 31%, 57%, and 12% in ASD, respectively. The frequencies of C and T alleles in ASD were 59.5% and 40.5%, and controls were 86% and 14%, respectively. There is a significant increase in serum MMP-9 levels in ASD as compared to controls. We have also shown that TT genotype is significantly associated with increase serum MMP-9 levels in patients (TT, CT, and CC serum levels were 91.77 ± 10.53, 70.66 ± 7.21, and 38.66 ± 5.52 and in controls were 55.55 ± 11.39, 42.66 ± 7.85, and 30.55 ± 6.34 ng/ml, respectively). It is concluded that there is a significant association between rs3918242 MMP-9 polymorphism and its serum concentration with autism. We also suggest that TT genotype is associated with increased MMP9 expression and may be a risk factor for ASD.
On the Erdős–Sós conjecture for trees with bounded degree
Authors: Besomi Guido , Pavez-Signé Matías , Stein Maya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe prove the Erdős–Sós conjecture for trees with bounded maximum degree and large dense host graphs. As a corollary, we obtain an upper bound on the multicolour Ramsey number of large trees whose maximum degree is bounded by a constant.
Treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children with CHD
Authors: Pierick Alyson R. , Lynn Melodie , McCracken Courtney M. , Oster Matthew E. , Iannucci Glen J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroduction:The prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the general population is common and is now diagnosed in 4%–12% of children. Children with CHD have been shown to be at increased risk for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Case reports have led to concern regarding the use of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder medications in children with underlying CHD. We hypothesised that medical therapy for patients with CHD and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is safe.Methods:A single-centre, retrospective chart review was performed evaluating for adverse events in patients aged 4–21 years with CHD who received attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder therapy over a 5-year span. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of CHD and concomitant medical therapy with amphetamines, methylphenidate, or atomoxetine. Patients with trivial or spontaneously resolved CHD were excluded from analysis.Results:In 831 patients with CHD who received stimulants with a mean age of 12.9 years, there was only one adverse cardiovascular event identified. Using sensitivity analysis, our median follow-up time was 686 days and a prevalence rate of 0.21% of adverse events. This episode consisted of increased frequency of supraventricular tachycardia in a patient who had this condition prior to initiation of medical therapy; the condition improved with discontinuation of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder therapy.Conclusion:The incidence of significant adverse cardiovascular events in our population was similar to the prevalence of supraventricular tachycardia in the general population. Our single-centre experience demonstrated no increased risk in adverse events related to medical therapy for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and underlying CHD. Further population-based studies are indicated to validate these findings.
Improving the Appropriateness of Advanced Life Support Teams’ Dispatch: A Before-After Study
Authors: Gamberini Lorenzo , Picoco Cosimo , Del Giudice Donatella , Zenesini Corrado , Tartaglione Marco , Coniglio Carlo , Semeraro Federico , Bizzi Fabrizio , Santini Stefano , Gordini Giovanni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and Importance:The dispatch of Advanced Life Support (ALS) teams in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is still a hardly studied aspect of prehospital emergency logistics. In 2015, the dispatch algorithm of Emilia Est Emergency Operation Centre (EE-EOC) was implemented and the dispatch of ALS teams was changed from primary to secondary based on triage of dispatched vehicles for high-priority interventions when teams with Immediate Life Support (ILS) skills were dispatched.Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the effects on the appropriateness of ALS teams’ intervention and their employment time, and to compare sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm implementation.Design:This was a retrospective before-after observational study.Settings and Participants:Primary dispatches managed by EE-EOC involving ambulances and/or ALS teams were included. Two groups were created on the basis of the years of intervention (2013-2014 versus 2017-2018).Intervention:A switch from primary to secondary dispatch of ALS teams in case of high-priority dispatches managed by ILS teams was implemented.Outcomes:Appropriateness of ALS team intervention, total task time of ALS vehicles, and sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm were reviewed.Results:The study included 242,501 emergency calls that generated 56,567 red code dispatches. The new algorithm significantly increased global sensitivity and specificity of the system in terms of recognition of potential need of ALS intervention and the specificity of primary ALS dispatch. The appropriateness of ALS intervention was significantly increased; total tasking time per day for ALS and the number of critical dispatches without ALS available were reduced.Conclusion:The revision of the dispatch criteria and the extension of the two-tiered dispatch for ALS teams significantly increased the appropriateness of ALS intervention and reduced both the global tasking time and the number of high-priority dispatches without ALS teams available.