bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of land-use change along altitudinal gradients on soil micronutrients in the mountain ecosystem of Indian (Eastern) Himalaya
Authors: Choudhury Burhan U. , Ansari Meraj A. , Chakraborty Mahasweta , Meetei Thounaojam T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractManagement of soil micronutrients for better crop production needs a sound understanding of their status and causes of variability. This is more relevant for acid soils of the mountain ecosystem of Eastern Himalaya (Northeast India). We assessed the status, and the effect of land uses along altitudinal gradients (14 to 4090 masl) on soil properties and micronutrient concentrations (DTPA extractable Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) across the region. Soils varied widely in micronutrient concentrations: Fe from 0.665 to 257.1 mg kg−1 while Mn, Cu, and Zn from traces to 93.4, 17.1, and 34.2 mg kg−1, respectively. On conversion of evergreen forests (EF) to upland agriculture (Shifting—SC and Settled—SA) and plantation (PH), Mn, Cu, and Zn concentrations decreased significantly from 30.5, 1.74, and 2.13 mg kg−1 to 6.44–17.8, 0.68–0.81, and 1.06–1.42 mg kg−1, respectively. Grassland (GL) and lowland paddy (LP) had comparable Fe, Mn, and Cu concentrations (except Zn). Degradation of EF to scrubland (SL) recorded the lowest Mn (5.91 mg kg−1), Cu (0.59 mg kg−1), and Zn (0.68 mg kg−1) concentrations. Fe concentration was however increased in degraded SL (+ 73%) over EF (48.7 mg kg−1). The distribution of micronutrients among the land uses was inconsistent and followed the order: (i) Fe: SL > PH > LP > EF > GL > SC > SA, (ii) Mn: EF > GL > LP > PH > SC > SA > SL; (iii) Cu: EF > GL > LP > SC > SA = PH > SL; and (iv) Zn: GL > EF > LP > SC > SA > PH > SL. Four micronutrients responded differently and followed a non-linear, 6th—order polynomial trend along the altitudinal gradients (< 500 to 4100 masl). Peak concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Cu were recorded at 1001–2000 m while Zn was recorded at > 4000 masl. The variability (54–64%) in soil micronutrients was mainly controlled by three key soil properties: acidity, clay, and organic carbon contents. Thus, altitude-specific land-use management holds significance in the distribution of available soil micronutrients in hilly ecosystems.
Flexible oxygen concentrators for medical applications
Authors: Arora Akhil , Hasan M. M. Faruque 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMedical oxygen concentrators (MOCs) are used for supplying medical grade oxygen to prevent hypoxemia-related complications related to COVID-19, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis and pneumonia. MOCs often use a technology called pressure swing adsorption (PSA), which relies on nitrogen-selective adsorbents for producing oxygen from ambient air. MOCs are often designed for fixed product specifications, thereby limiting their use in meeting varying product specifications caused by a change in patient’s medical condition or activity. To address this limitation, we design and optimize flexible single-bed MOC systems that are capable of meeting varying product specification requirements. Specifically, we employ a simulation-based optimization framework for optimizing flexible PSA- and pressure vacuum swing adsorption (PVSA)-based MOC systems. Detailed optimization studies are performed to benchmark the performance limits of LiX, LiLSX and 5A zeolite adsorbents. The results indicate that LiLSX outperforms both LiX and 5A, and can produce 90% pure oxygen at 21.7 L/min. Moreover, the LiLSX-based flexible PVSA system can manufacture varying levels of oxygen purity and flow rate in the range 93–95.7% and 1–15 L/min, respectively. The flexible MOC technology paves way for transitioning to an envisioned cyber-physical system with real-time oxygen demand sensing and delivery for improved patient care.
Bioremediation of polluted soil due to tsunami by using recycled waste glass
Authors: Moqsud M. Azizul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this research, bioremediation of tsunami-affected polluted soil has been conducted by using collective microorganisms and recycled waste glass. The Tohoku earthquake, which was a mega earthquake in Japan triggered a huge tsunami on March 11th, 2011 that caused immeasurable damage to the geo-environmental conditions by polluting the soil with heavy metals and excessive salt content. Traditional methods to clean this polluted soil was not possible due to the excess cost and efforts. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the capability of bioremediation of saline soil by using recycled waste glass. Different collective microorganisms which were incubated inside the laboratory were used. The electrical conductivity (EC) was measured at different specified depths. It was noticed that the electrical conductivity decreased with the assist of the microbial metabolisms significantly. Collective microorganisms (CM2) were the highly capable to reduce salinity (up to 75%) while using recycled waste glass as their habitat.
H-plane horn antenna with enhanced directivity using conformal transformation optics
Authors: Eskandari Hossein , Albadalejo-Lijarcio Juan Luis , Zetterstrom Oskar , Tyc Tomáš , Quevedo-Teruel Oscar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConformal transformation optics is employed to enhance an H-plane horn’s directivity by designing a graded-index all-dielectric lens. The transformation is applied so that the phase error at the aperture is gradually eliminated inside the lens, leading to a low-profile high-gain lens antenna. The physical space shape is modified such that singular index values are avoided, and the optical path inside the lens is rescaled to eliminate superluminal regions. A prototype of the lens is fabricated using three-dimensional printing. The measurement results show that the realized gain of an H-plane horn antenna can be improved by 1.5–2.4 dB compared to a reference H-plane horn.
A quantitative assessment of aorta root rotation in patients with tetralogy of Fallot evaluated by MSCT
Authors: Romeih Soha , Kaoud Alaa , Hashem Mohamed , Abdelfattah Mohamed , Gibreel Mohamed , Elzoghby Mohamed , Shaaban Mahmoud , Mozy Wesam El 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLack of conal rotation and conal malseptation is a characteristic anatomical feature for TOF which lead to dextroposed position of aorta and significant RVOT narrowing. The quantitative assessment of these anatomical features using modern cardiac imaging modality has been rarely discussed in the literature. All TOF scanned had in our center from 2013 till 2019 were included. The angle of aortic root rotation was recorded by measuring the angle between a line connecting the midpoint of the non-coronary sinus to the anterior commissure and another line along the interatrial septum. Rotation angles were correlated with proximal main pulmonary artery (MPA) size indexed to BSA. 287 TOF patients were included, 258 patients (91%) had TOF with pulmonary stenosis (TOF-PS) including 138 male (54%), median age 2 years (2 months–40 years), and 29 patients (9%) had TOF with pulmonary atresia (TOF-PA) including 17 male (59%), median age 5 years (1 m-33 years). The whole cases demonstrated clockwise rotation of the aortic root. The mean rotation angle in TOF-PS group was 52.6 ± 20.9° and in TOF-PA group was 64.9 ± 13.9°. Proximal MPA diameter was 11.1 ± 5.9 mm/m2. There was a significant negative correlation between aortic root rotation angle and proximal MPA diameter (r = − 0.262, P = 0.000). The rotation angle of aortic root was significantly higher in TOF-PA compared to TOF-PS (64.9 ± 13.9° vs. 52.6 ± 20.9°, P = 0.001, respectively). MSCT provide a quantitative measurement methodology of conal malseptation and its effect in TOF patients. There is a clockwise rotation angle of the aortic root in TOF patients that correlates negatively with proximal MPA size. TOF-PA have a larger rotation angle of aortic root.
Characterizing the highest tropical cyclone frequency in the Western North Pacific since 1984
Authors: Basconcillo Joseph , Cha Eun-Jeong , Moon Il-Ju 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe 2018 boreal summer in the Western North Pacific (WNP) is highlighted by 17 tropical cyclones (TC)—the highest record during the reported reliable years of TC observations. We contribute to the existing knowledge pool on this extreme TC frequency record by showing that the simultaneous highest recorded intensity of the WNP summer monsoon prompted the eastward extension of the monsoon trough and enhancement of tropical convective activities, which are both favorable for TC development. Such changes in the WNP summer monsoon environment led to the extreme TC frequency record during the 2018 boreal summer. Meanwhile, the highest record in TC frequency and the intensity of the WNP summer monsoon are both attributed with the combined increase in the anomalous westerlies originating from the cold tropical Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies drawn towards the convective heat source that is associated with the warm central Pacific SST anomalies. Our results provide additional insights in characterizing above normal tropical cyclone and summer monsoon activities in the WNP in understanding seasonal predictable horizons in the WNP, and in support of disaster risk and impact reduction.
Multiple roles of haem in cystathionine β-synthase activity: implications for hemin and other therapies of acute hepatic porphyria
Authors: Badawy Abdulla A.-B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The role of haem in the activity of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is reviewed and a hypothesis postulating multiple effects of haem on enzyme activity under conditions of haem excess or deficiency is proposed, with implications for some therapies of acute hepatic porphyrias. CBS utilises both haem and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) as cofactors. Although haem does not participate directly in the catalytic process, it is vital for PLP binding to the enzyme and potentially also for CBS stability. Haem deficiency can therefore undermine CBS activity by impairing PLP binding and facilitating CBS degradation. Excess haem can also impair CBS activity by inhibiting it via CO resulting from haem induction of haem oxygenase 1 (HO 1), and by induction of a functional vitamin B6 deficiency following activation of hepatic tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and subsequent utilisation of PLP by enhanced kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) and kynureninase (Kynase) activities. CBS inhibition results in accumulation of the cardiovascular risk factor homocysteine (Hcy) and evidence is emerging for plasma Hcy elevation in patients with acute hepatic porphyrias. Decreased CBS activity may also induce a proinflammatory state, inhibit expression of haem oxygenase and activate the extrahepatic kynurenine pathway (KP) thereby further contributing to the Hcy elevation. The hypothesis predicts likely changes in CBS activity and plasma Hcy levels in untreated hepatic porphyria patients and in those receiving hemin or certain gene-based therapies. In the present review, these aspects are discussed, means of testing the hypothesis in preclinical experimental settings and porphyric patients are suggested and potential nutritional and other therapies are proposed.
Development and Resolution of Nasal Fricatives in a Child With Repaired Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Case Report
Authors: Zajac David J. , Powell Juliana , McQuillan Margaret 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This case report describes the development, characteristics, and resolution of anterior nasal fricatives (ANFs)—a learned maladaptive articulation error—in a young girl with repaired bilateral cleft lip and palate.

Method
The girl was observed every 2 months from 12 to 24 months of age with follow-ups at 36, 48, and 67 months of age.

Results
At 12 months of age, the girl nasalized /b/ inconsistently and had mild conductive hearing loss. At 18 months of age, she exhibited audible nasal air emission on some plosives and used ANFs to replace /s/ and /z/, often with a nasal grimace. At 24 months of age, the child continued to experience mild conductive hearing loss, obligatory nasal air emission, and ANFs for /s/ and /z/. At 36 months of age, pressure-flow testing documented significant velopharyngeal (VP) dysfunction. The girl then used ANFs for /f/ and /s/, phonetically marked by different oral stops. At 48 months of age, although VP impairment continued, speech therapy largely eliminated ANFs. By 67 months of age, VP closure was nearly normal.

Conclusions
Multiple factors including VP dysfunction, audible nasal air emission, and conductive hearing loss contributed to the development of ANFs. Clinical and etiological implications are discussed.
Optimization approach to the aircraft weight and balance problem with the centre of gravity envelope constraints
Authors: Zhao Xiangling , Yuan Yuan , Dong Yun , Zhao Ren 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aircraft weight and balance problem (WBP) defined in terms of selecting unit load devices (ULDs) from an available set and allocating them to specified positions in cargo holds. It is critical to aircraft safety as well as operational efficiency and profit. It is an NP‐hard problem combining characteristics of the knapsack problem and generalized assignment problems, as well as complex practical constraints. A mixed integer programming model is constructed to maximize the total payload and minimize the center of gravity (CG) deviation by considering the constraints of positions, weights, balance etc. In contrast to prior studies using a constant delta to limit CG deviation, a new set of CG envelope constraints is proposed based on the variation in actual CG under different statuses and precise describing CG. A linearizing strategy is further designed to simplify the nonlinear CG envelope constraints. The proposed model can be solved using commercial optimization software within a few seconds and maintain the CG within the designated CG envelope in all test instances; in contrast, the other (CG deviation‐based) method may result in flight hazards in some scenarios.
Wave energy converter platform stabilisation and mooring load reduction through power take‐off control
Authors: Hillis A.J. , Courtney C.R.P. , Brask A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMooring systems are a significant capital cost of a floating wave energy converter and their premature failure negatively impacts operational costs. Excessive peak loads and accumulated fatigue damage can lead to failure, so these factors are cost drivers in wave energy converter design. Here, the potential to reduce platform motion and mooring loads through modification of the power take‐off (PTO) control are investigated. An approximate velocity tracking control strategy is implemented with a linear quadratic regulator design method using differential weighting of system states. It is demonstrated that the controller can be tuned to capture similar mean power to an optimally tuned, passively damped system while significantly reducing mooring line cyclic loading. The relative accumulated fatigue damage in the mooring lines in a high energy sea‐state is found to be reduced by between 43% and 92% as a result of using the approximate velocity tracking control strategy.
Miroirs temporels instantanés : une nouvelle approche du retournement temporel
Authors: Eddi Antonin , Fort Emmanuel 
Published: July 2021

Peut-on faire revivre à une onde sa vie passée ? Ce problème a été largement étudié, en particulier au moyen de miroirs à retournement temporel digitaux utilisant des ordinateurs pour effectuer l’opération.
Récemment, en nous appuyant sur les symétries entre temps et espace, nous avons introduit le concept de miroir temporel instantané basé sur une brusque modification des propriétés du milieu. Nous avons testé expérimentalement ce nouveau type de retournement temporel à l’aide d’ondes de surface dans des liquides et montré l’efficacité d’un tel procédé.
Cette approche nous a également permis de revisiter les miroirs à conjugaison de phase.
Who Called Team Europe? The European Union’s Development Policy Response During the First Wave of COVID-19
Authors: Burni Aline , Erforth Benedikt , Friesen Ina , Hackenesch Christine , Hoegl Maximilian , Keijzer Niels 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is a critical juncture for global development. Under the label of “Team Europe”, the EU has sought to mobilize rapid development assistance to support partners in addressing the impacts of the crisis, while promoting joined-up approaches among European actors to assert itself in a changing and competitive geopolitical context. This article assesses how substantive and process-oriented EU development policy norms are reflected in the Union’s global COVID-19 response. Focusing on the EU’s response during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the first half of 2020, the article shows that the EU’s response to this extraordinary crisis consisted of a deepening of EU integration. In so doing, the EU emphasized process-oriented over substantive norms in its development policy.
Highly efficient implementation of the analytical gradients of pseudospectral time-dependent density functional theory
Authors: Cao Yixiang , Halls Mathew D. , Friesner Richard A. 
Published: July 2021

The accuracy and efficiency of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) excited state gradient calculations using the pseudospectral method are presented. TDDFT excited state geometry optimizations of the G2 test set molecules, the organic fluorophores with large Stokes shifts, and the Pt-complexes show that the pseudospectral method gives average errors of 0.01–0.1 kcal/mol for the TDDFT excited state energy, 0.02–0.06 pm for the bond length, and 0.02–0.12° for the bond angle when compared to the results from conventional TDDFT. TDDFT gradient calculations of fullerenes (Cn, n up to 540) with the B3LYP functional and 6-31G** basis set show that the pseudospectral method provides 8- to 14-fold speedups in the total wall clock time over the conventional methods. The pseudospectral TDDFT gradient calculations with a diffuse basis set give higher speedups than the calculations for the same basis set without diffuse functions included.
The coloured Tverberg theorem, extensions and new results
Authors: Jojić D. , Panina G. Yu. , Živaljević R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe prove amultiple coloured Tverberg theoremand abalanced coloured Tverberg theorem, applying different methods, tools and ideas. The proof of the first theorem uses a multiple chessboard complex (as configuration space) and the Eilenberg–Krasnoselskii theory of degrees of equivariant maps for non-free group actions. The proof of the second result relies on the high connectivity of the configuration space, established by using discrete Morse theory.
Minimal supplements of maximal tori in their normalizers for the groups
Authors: Galt A. A. , Staroletov A. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Let

be a finite group of Lie type

and

the Weyl group of

. For every maximal torus

of

, we find the minimal order of a supplement of

in its algebraic normalizer

. In particular, we find all the maximal tori that have a complement in

. Let

correspond to an element

of

. We find the minimal orders of the lifts of the elements

in

.
Convergence of Bieberbach polynomials: Keldysh’s theorems and Mergelyan’s conjecture
Authors: Aptekarev A. I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Results due to Keldysh on the convergence of Bieberbach polynomials and the density of polynomials in spaces of analytic functions are considered. Their further development and relevance in the contemporary context of constructive complex analysis are discussed. Particular focus is placed on Mergelyan’s conjecture on the rate of convergence in a domain with smooth boundary, which is still open.
Bibliography: 20 titles.
Satellite-based deforestation alerts with training and incentives for patrolling facilitate community monitoring in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Slough Tara , Kopas Jacob , Urpelainen Johannes 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Remote-sensed deforestation alerts provide high-frequency information on tree cover loss in the Amazon. However, these alerts often do not reach immediately impacted populations. We conduct a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of an externally facilitated community monitoring program in the Peruvian Amazon. The program selected, trained, and incentivized monitors to patrol communal forests while providing access to early deforestation alerts. This monitoring yielded imprecisely estimated reductions in average tree cover loss over 2 y of monitoring. Survey evidence suggests that community members perceived the new monitors as authorities with influence over forest management and that the monitors’ incentivized patrols substitute for traditional citizen patrols that suffer from free riding and inhibit timely detection of and responses to deforestation.
Microbiome signatures of progression toward celiac disease onset in at-risk children in a longitudinal prospective cohort study
Authors: Leonard Maureen M. , Valitutti Francesco , Karathia Hiren , Pujolassos Meritxell , Kenyon Victoria , Fanelli Brian , Troisi Jacopo , Subramanian Poorani , Camhi Stephanie , Colucci Angelo , Serena Gloria , Cucchiara Salvatore , Trovato Chiara Maria , Malamisura Basilio , Francavilla Ruggiero , Elli Luca , Hasan Nur A. , Zomorrodi Ali R. , Colwell Rita , Fasano Alessio ,   The CD-GEMM Team, Montuori Monica , Piemontese Pasqua , Calvi Angela , Baldassarre Mariella , Norsa Lorenzo , Raguseo Celeste Lidia , Passaro Tiziana , Roggero Paola , Crocco Marco , Morelli Annalisa , Perrone Michela , Sansotta Naire , Chieppa Marcello , Scala Giovanni , Lionetti Maria Elena , Catassi Carlo , Serretiello Adelaide , Vecchi Corrado , de Villsante Gemma Castillejo 
Published: July 2021

Significance
The incidence of chronic inflammatory autoimmune conditions, such as celiac disease (CD), is increasing at an alarming rate. CD is the only autoimmune condition for which the trigger, gluten, is known. However, its etiology and pathogenesis remain incompletely defined as recent studies suggest other environmental stimuli may play a key role in CD pathogenesis. Here, we prospectively examine the trajectory of the gut microbiota starting 18 mo before CD onset in 10 infants who developed CD and 10 infants who did not. We identified alterations in the gut microbiota, functional pathways, and metabolome before CD onset, suggesting our approach may be used for disease prediction with the ultimate goal of identifying early preventive interventions to reestablish tolerance and prevent autoimmunity.
Socioeconomic development predicts a weaker contraceptive effect of breastfeeding
Authors: Todd Nicolas , Lerch Mathias 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceBreastfeeding suppresses postpartum fecundity (the capacity for reproduction). This mechanism is critically important to control fertility (actual reproduction) when contraception is uncommon. Whether dependence of the contraceptive effect of breastfeeding on environmental conditions is strong enough to have a significant effect on fertility remains unclear. Analyzing 2.7 million births in 84 low- and middle-income countries over the past four decades, we find a dramatic weakening of the breastfeeding–postpartum amenorrhea relationship that correlates with improved living standards. These results suggest that, in the absence of contraception, the effect of breastfeeding on fertility depends on the level of socioeconomic development.