bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Going Beyond Rote Auditory Learning: Neural Patterns of Generalized Auditory Learning
Authors: Heald Shannon L. M. , Van Hedger Stephen C. , Veillette John , Reis Katherine , Snyder Joel S. , Nusbaum Howard C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The ability to generalize across specific experiences is vital for the recognition of new patterns, especially in speech perception considering acoustic–phonetic pattern variability. Indeed, behavioral research has demonstrated that listeners are able via a process of generalized learning to leverage their experiences of past words said by difficult-to-understand talker to improve their understanding for new words said by that talker. Here, we examine differences in neural responses to generalized versus rote learning in auditory cortical processing by training listeners to understand a novel synthetic talker. Using a pretest–posttest design with EEG, participants were trained using either (1) a large inventory of words where no words were repeated across the experiment (generalized learning) or (2) a small inventory of words where words were repeated (rote learning). Analysis of long-latency auditory evoked potentials at pretest and posttest revealed that rote and generalized learning both produced rapid changes in auditory processing, yet the nature of these changes differed. Generalized learning was marked by an amplitude reduction in the N1–P2 complex and by the presence of a late negativity wave in the auditory evoked potential following training; rote learning was marked only by temporally later scalp topography differences. The early N1–P2 change, found only for generalized learning, is consistent with an active processing account of speech perception, which proposes that the ability to rapidly adjust to the specific vocal characteristics of a new talker (for which rote learning is rare) relies on attentional mechanisms to selectively modify early auditory processing sensitivity.
Revisiting the Role of the Medial Temporal Lobe in Motor Learning
Authors: McDougle Samuel D. , Wilterson Sarah A. , Turk-Browne Nicholas B. , Taylor Jordan A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Classic taxonomies of memory distinguish explicit and implicit memory systems, placing motor skills squarely in the latter branch. This assertion is in part a consequence of foundational discoveries showing significant motor learning in amnesics. Those findings suggest that declarative memory processes in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) do not contribute to motor learning. Here, we revisit this issue, testing an individual (L. S. J.) with severe MTL damage on four motor learning tasks and comparing her performance to age-matched controls. Consistent with previous findings in amnesics, we observed that L. S. J. could improve motor performance despite having significantly impaired declarative memory. However, she tended to perform poorly relative to age-matched controls, with deficits apparently related to flexible action selection. Further supporting an action selection deficit, L. S. J. fully failed to learn a task that required the acquisition of arbitrary action–outcome associations. We thus propose a modest revision to the classic taxonomic model: Although MTL-dependent memory processes are not necessary for some motor learning to occur, they play a significant role in the acquisition, implementation, and retrieval of action selection strategies. These findings have implications for our understanding of the neural correlates of motor learning, the psychological mechanisms of skill, and the theory of multiple memory systems.
Introduction
Authors: Bellamy Alex J. , Šimonović Ivan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Atrocity prevention is a difficult and complex undertaking, one that needs concerted effort by multiple stakeholders to be successful. This article seeks to help bridge the acknowledged gap between the promise of atrocity prevention and its implementation by providing an introduction about lessons learned from various case studies. By doing so, it seeks to develop an evidence base of effective atrocity prevention efforts to benefit practitioners of atrocity prevention. To ensure the evaluation is as rigorous as possible, five principles were incorporated into the research. One, to apply a reasonableness test so as not to confuse association with causation. Two, use a mixed methods approach for data collection. Three, triangulate data with multiple sources. Four, validate data with participants and experts to determine a level of accuracy. And five, consider a counterfactual argument of what would have happened if the preventive action(s) had not occurred.
Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Aning Kwesi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Côte d’Ivoire first experienced a civil war in 2002, but the country’s rapid socio-political disintegration after the demise of Félix Houphouët-Boigny in 1993 produced several risk factors that would eventually culminate in atrocity crimes between 2010 and 2011. This article identifies a weak state that only exercised jurisdiction over the south of the country, years of instability driven by horizontal inequalities and an identity crisis, past abuses that had gone unpunished, and election disputes that served as triggers for atrocity crimes. The deeply polarized nature of Ivorian society meant that local mechanisms for resolving disputes and building peace were not wholly effective, even though they helped to resolve disputes and prevent violence in some local communities. Findings from the Ivorian case demonstrate the need to pay closer attention to the structural and proximate factors that underpin conflicts. Côte d’Ivoire also presents lessons on the need for decisive action in the face of unfolding atrocity crimes. There was a need for timely and decisive response in accordance with the principles of R2P. Nonetheless military intervention was delayed for months, resulting in avoidable fatalities.
Lessons in Atrocity Prevention: A Closer Look at Guinea
Authors: Stefan Cristina G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article identifies the most significant atrocity risk factors and their indicators in accordance with the UN Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes and provides a taxonomy of measures, taken by a variety of external and internal stakeholders, in different combinations, which reduced the risk of atrocity crimes reoccurring after the 2009 stadium massacre in Conakry, Guinea. On the 28th of September 2009, 157 protesters were killed, at least 1200 were injured, and over 100 women were raped by security forces in a stadium in Conakry. The UN’s Commission of Inquiry (coi) concluded that these crimes committed by the security forces amounted to crimes against humanity. The efforts to halt further violence and prevent the commission of crimes post-2009 stadium massacre were varied and encompassed regional and international preventive diplomacy. The coordination of a coherent political strategy among international, regional and sub-regional actors in the Guinean context contributed towards the perceived success in preventing further atrocities in Guinea, post-2009 massacre. Importantly, Guinea is not a typical example in terms of atrocity and conflict prevention, due to a unique regional and global dynamics that allowed for a rapid and rather coherent response to the September 2009 stadium massacre.
Phantom Porcelains: Zhangzhou and Yoshida Polychrome Dishes with Seal Design
Authors: Yang Diana X. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Zhangzhou ceramics, coarsely potted with thick glaze and sandy feet, were mass-produced in southern Fujian during the late Ming and early Qing periods. The rise of the Zhangzhou kiln complex was an outcome of expanding maritime trade since the Jiajing period (1522–1566) and Zhangzhou production reached a climax in the Wanli period (1572–1620). The Fujianese workshops created a whole spectrum of porcelain products, ranging from monochrome pieces to blue-and-white and polychrome ones. Of the decorative vocabulary that is unique to Zhangzhou kilns, the pavilion and seal design (previously known as the “Split Pagoda” motif) is noteworthy for its decorative originality and transnational appeal. Through a close examination of typical Zhangzhou dishes with seal design, the paper points out that the intriguing theme fuses Daoist ideals with Confucian-recluses’ pursuits. The pluralism in the symbolic meanings of the pattern enhances the marketability of this type of Zhangzhou ware. Around the 1650s, Japanese potters in the Yoshida workshops of Ureshino, Hizen province on the Island of Kyushu started to incorporate the Zhangzhou designs into their local decorative repertoire. But instead of faithfully imitating the seal pattern from the Fujianese prototype, Yoshida decorators seamlessly wove Japanese fashion into Chinese-inspired motifs. Popular designs from nearby Arita, the porcelain capital of Japan, further stimulated Yoshida artisans to create affordable fusion-style products for Southeast Asian markets that were yet to be dominated by prestigious Hizen porcelains. However, the efflorescence of Yoshida porcelains with seal design was rather short-lived due to limited native resources and fierce competition in and outside Kyushu.
Próby tworzenia polskich terminów gramatycznych. Na przykładzie rękopisów Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy
Authors: Łuczak Arleta 
Published: December 2021

Attempts to Create Polish Grammatical Terms: The Case of Manuscripts by Bartholomeus de Bydgostia This article is devoted to presumably the oldest preserved grammatical terminology in the Polish language, which appears in two Latin-Polish manu­scripts by Bartholomeus de Bydgostia of 1532 (S) and 1544 (R). The second dictionary (1544) is especially worth considering as it contains much larger lexical material in the field of grammar. The author made terminological notes mainly in special sections devoted to grammatical terms, which contain about 100 Latin entries with Polish renderings. We can also find such notes on the margins of Johann Reuchlin’s print (1488). On the basis of the new (Polish-Latin) edition of the dictionary by Bartholomeus de Bydgostia (1999–2019), I present the Latin names of eight parts of speech with the Polish explanations (words, phrases, sentences, etc.) and 37 Latin and Polish headwords connected with the Latin category nomen. Próby tworzenia polskich terminów gramatycznych. Na przykładzie rękopisów Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy Artykuł nawiązuje do najstarszej – jak można sądzić – zachowanej w języku polskim terminologii gramatycznej, występującej w łacińsko-polskich ręko­pisach Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy z lat 1532 (S) i 1544 (R). Zapisy z dziedziny gramatyki Bartłomiej odnotował głównie w nomenklatorach, gdzie występuje ok. 100 terminów łacińskich z polskimi objaśnieniami, a także na marginesach druku J. Reuchlina. Na podstawie obecnej edycji słownika, zawierającej materiał z S i R, pt. Słownik Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy: Wersja polsko-łacińska (1999–2019) przedstawiłam nazwy polskie dla 8 łacińskich części mowy oraz kategorii nomen, w zakresie różnorodnego doboru słownictwa np. figura – prosty kształt, ut doctus; figura composita in grammatica nominum – złożone wyobrażenie jimion, ut indecens niesłuszny, impotens niemocny. Wyekscerpowałam dla tych pojęć 37 terminów łacińskich z polskimi odpowiednikami.
Consumer Medicine’s Origins and Harms
Authors: Lisanti Christopher J. , Lisanti Samuel E. 
Published: December 2021

Consumer medicine consists of medical interventions pursued for non–health-related goals with the locus of the goals residing solely with the patient. Currently, contraceptives, abortion, cosmetic procedures, and physician-assisted suicide (PAS)/euthanasia fall in this category. Consumer medicine originates from the fusion of expressive individualism with its sole focus on the subjective psychological well-being intersecting with an expansion of health now including well-being combined with an exaltation of autonomy. Expressive individualism is inward-focused and entirely subjective reducing the human to a psychologic self while instrumentalizing the biological and social dimensions and neglecting the spiritual dimension. Expressive individualism is currently manifested through economic activity (career and consumption) and particularly sexual expression. This contrasts with the holistic biopsychosocial-spiritual model of health with its deep inter-relationships and prioritization of the spiritual. Consumer medicine has damaged the profession of medicine. Physicians now have conflicting roles of healer versus body engineer, and conflicting obligations to do no harm while performing medical harms unrelated to objective health. There is now division within medicine and increasing external state regulations both seriously harming its professional status. The traditional teleologically driven ethical framework that is objectively disease-focused is now confused with a subjective list of non–health-related values as goals for medical interventions leading to an incoherent ethical framework. Biologic solutions best address biological problems and do not effectively address psychological, social, or even spiritual problems but rather make them worse. Medicine now reinforces and is complicit with expressive individualism and its attendant shallow and narrow understanding of what it means to be human with the current valuation of sexual expression and economic activity. Medical harms and social costs have resulted while challenging the value of those who are disabled, elderly, or marginalized. This shallow view has likely fueled the current existential crisis contributing to the marked increase in PAS/euthanasia in the West. Summary: Consumer medicine currently includes contraceptives, abortion, cosmetic procedures, and physician-assisted suicide (PAS)/euthanasia. These medical interventions are pursued for subjective non–health-related goals as opposed to the traditional goal of treating sick patients for their objective health. Consumer medicine’s origins lie in the intersection of expressive individualism, the exaltation of patient autonomy combined with health’s redefinition as subjective well-being. This has resulted in harms to the profession of medicine, ethical incoherence, and medical injury. Consumer medicine promotes a truncated understanding of the human at odds with the biopsychosocial-spiritual model and human flourishing. This has likely contributed to the rise of PAS/euthanasia.
Guidance for Teachers: A Review of Facets of an Academic’s Life: A Memoir
Authors: Woody William Douglas 
Published: December 2021

Introduction This paper reviews Facets of an Academic’s Life: A Memoir by Michael Wertheimer, with an eye toward practical guidance for teachers of psychology. Teaching Implications Wertheimer provides a rich review of his experiences, intermixed with important lessons for teachers of psychology alongside the foundational scientific and pedagogical values of curiosity, skepticism, and humility. Practical lessons include recommendations for shaping the teaching of psychology through service and leadership as well as through scholarship and teaching. Additionally, Wertheimer’s detailed descriptions of people and events can provide otherwise-inaccessible content for teachers who examine the history of psychology or who incorporate the historical foundations of psychology into their topical classes. Conclusions Wertheimer’s memoir has much to offer teachers of psychology. He provides practical recommendations as well as guidance about the foundations of science and teaching. The most important recommendations come from his rich life alongside academia and the balance between his wide-ranging professional and personal lives, particularly the importance of relationships, too often ignored in academic biographies.
Physical Therapy for Muscle Tension Dysphonia with Cervicalgia
Authors: Tate Alan D , Tomlinson Carey A , Francis David Oliver , Wishik Emily D , Lowery Anne S , Watkins Mariel O , Stewart Thomas G , Gong Wu H , Gilbert Mark R , Garrett C Gaelyn 
Published: December 2021

Objectives This study investigated the effectiveness of a specialized manual physical therapy (PT) program at improving voice among patients diagnosed with concomitant muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) and cervicalgia at a tertiary care voice center. Materials and Methods Cervicalgia was determined by palpation of the anterior neck. Both voice therapy (VT) and PT was recommended for all patients diagnosed with MTD and cervicalgia. PT included full-body manual physical therapy with myofascial release. Patients underwent: 1) VT alone, 2) concurrent PT and VT (PT with VT), 3) PT alone, 4) VT, but did not have PT ordered by treating clinician (VT without PT order) or 5) VT followed by PT (VT then PT). The pairwise difference in post–Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) controlling for baseline variables was calculated with a linear regression model. Results 178 patients met criteria. All groups showed improvement with treatment. The covariate-adjusted differences in mean post–VHI-10 improvement comparing the VT alone group as a reference were as follows: PT with VT 9.95 (95% confidence interval 7.70, 12.20); PT alone 8.31 (6.16, 10.45); VT without PT order 8.51 (5.55, 11.47); VT then PT 5.47 (2.51, 8.42). Conclusion Among patients diagnosed with MTD with cervicalgia, treatment with a specialized PT program was associated with improvement in VHI-10 scores regardless of whether they had VT. While VT is the standard of care for MTD, PT may also offer benefit for MTD patients with cervicalgia.
Antithrombin III infusion improves anticoagulation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Perry Tanya , Henry Brandon , Cooper David S , Keswani Sundeep G , Burton Kimberly S , Lim Foong-Yen , Chernoguz Artur , Frischer Jason S 
Published: December 2021

Purpose Achieving effective anticoagulation during neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) without increasing the risk of hemorrhage remains challenging. The use of antithrombin III (AT-III) for this purpose has been examined, but studies have been limited to intermittent bolus dosing. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an institutionally developed AT-III continuous infusion protocol in neonates receiving ECMO for the treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Methods In this single center, retrospective study, all neonates with a CDH who received ECMO support during the study period were included. Data on anticoagulation labs and therapy, life-threatening bleeding, and circuit changes were analyzed. Results Eleven patients were divided into two groups: patients with AT-III continuous infusion ( n = 5) and without ( n = 6). There were no differences in the gestational age ( p = 0.29), sex ( p = 1.00), ECMO duration ( p = 0.59), or initial AT-III levels ( p = 0.76) between groups. Patients in the AT-III infusion group had on average 18.5% higher AT-III levels ( p < 0.0001). Patients receiving continuous AT-III infusions spent a significantly higher percentage of ECMO time within the therapeutic range, measured using anti-Factor Xa levels (64.9±4.2% vs. 29.1±8.57%, p = 0.008), and required fewer changes to the heparin infusion rate (6.48±0.88 vs 2.38±0.36 changes/day changes/day, p = 0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed continuous infusion of AT-III did not increase the rate of intracranial or surgical bleeding ( p = 0.27). Conclusion AT-III as a continuous infusion in CDH neonates on ECMO provides a decreased need to modify heparin infusion and more consistent therapeutic anticoagulation without increasing the risk of life-threatening bleeding.
Clinical evaluation of two adult oxygenator systems in terms of mortality and major adverse events
Authors: Limandal Hüsnü Kamil , Kayğın Mehmet Ali , Ergün Servet , Özkara Taha , Diler Mevriye Serpil , Çüçen Hatice Işıl , Yıldız Ziya , Dağ Özgür 
Published: December 2021

Purpose The primary aim of this study was to examine the effects of two oxygenator systems on major adverse events and mortality. Methods A total of 181 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in our clinic were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the oxygenator used: Group M, in which a Medtronic Affinity (Medtronic Operational Headquarters, Minneapolis, MN, USA) oxygenator was used, and Group S, in which a Sorin Inspire (Sorin Group Italia, Mirandola, Italy) oxygenator was used. Results Group S consisted of 89 patients, whereas Group M included 92 patients. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of age ( p = .112), weight ( p = .465), body surface area ( p = .956), or gender ( p = .484). There was no statistically significant difference in hemorrhage on the first or second postoperative day ( p = .318 and p = .455, respectively). No statistically significant differences were observed in terms of red blood cell ( p = .468), fresh frozen plasma ( p = .116), or platelet concentrate transfusion ( p = .212). Infections, wound complications, and delayed sternal closure were significantly more common in Group M ( p = .006, p = .023, and p = .019, respectively). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenators and intra-aortic balloon pumps were required significantly more frequently in Group S ( p = .025 and p = .013, respectively). Major adverse events occurred in 16 (18%) patients in Group S and 14 (15.2%) patients in Group M ( p = .382). Mortality was observed in six (6.7%) patients in Group S and three (3.3%) patients in Group M ( p = .232). No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of length of hospital stay ( p = .451). Conclusion The clinical outcomes of the two oxygenator systems, including mortality, major adverse events, hemorrhage, erythrocyte and platelet transfusions, and length of hospital stay, were similar.
Is trained communication about desire to die harmful for patients receiving palliative care? A cohort study
Authors: Voltz Raymond , Boström Kathleen , Dojan Thomas , Rosendahl Carolin , Gehrke Leonie , Shah-Hosseini Kija , Kremeike Kerstin 
Published: December 2021

Background: Palliative patients frequently express a desire to die. Health professionals report uncertainty regarding potential risks of addressing it. Aim: We aim to evaluate effects of desire to die-conversations on palliative patients. Design: Within a prospective mixed-methods cohort study, we trained health professionals in dealing with desire to die. Afterwards, they held conversations about it with patients. Effects on depressiveness, hopelessness, wish to hasten death, death anxiety, patient-health professional-relationship, and will to live were evaluated at baseline (t0), 1 (t1), and 6 weeks afterwards (t2). Results were analyzed descriptively. Setting/participants: From April 2018 to March 2020, 43 health professionals asked 173 patients from all stationary and ambulatory palliative care settings (within 80 km radius) for participation. Complete assessments were obtained from n = 85 (t0), n = 64 (t1), and n = 46 (t2). Results: At t1, patients scored significantly lower on depressiveness (med = 8, M = 8.1, SD = 5.4) than at t0 (med = 9.5, M = 10.5, SD = 5.8) with Z = −3.220, p = 0.001 and Cohen’s d = 0.42. This was due to medium-severely depressed patients: At t1, their depressiveness scores decreased significantly (med = 9, M = 9.8; SD = 5.1) compared to t0 (med = 14, M = 15.2; SD = 3.9) with Z = −3.730, p ⩽ 0.000 and Cohen’s d = 1.2, but others’ did not. All other outcomes showed positive descriptive trends. Conclusions: Desire to die-conversations through trained health professionals do not harm palliative patients. Results cautiously suggest temporary improvement.