bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modular Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 1,4‐Diamino‐2‐butynes by Cu–Catalyzed Sequential Decarboxylative A3‐Coupling/Petasis Reaction/A3‐Coupling
Authors: Zhu Shuangyuan , Feng Huangdi , Hu Shengyun , Guo Tingting , Li Ming , Tan Shaoying , Huang Liliang , Huang Junhai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract1,4‐diamino‐2‐butynes are important structural motifs in biologically active molecules, however, their synthesis with high selectivity remains a challenge. Herein, we develop an effective and straightforward strategy for the modular synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,4‐diamino‐2‐butynes with a high chemoselectivity. This transformation involves a cascade process of copper‐catalyzed decarboxylative A3‐coupling, Petasis reaction, and A3‐coupling, providing a rapid route for synthesizing various target products with broadly functional tolerance and up to 76% yield.
Stable Thermotropic 3D and 2D Double Gyroid Nanostructures with Sub‐2‐nm Feature Size from Scalable Sugar–Polyolefin Conjugates
Authors: Nowak Samantha R. , Lachmayr Kätchen K. , Yager Kevin G. , Sita Lawrence R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUltra‐low molecular weight disaccharide–polyolefin conjugates with cellobiose, lactose and maltose head groups and atactic polypropene tails, such as 1, undergo a series of irreversible thermotropic order–order transitions with increasing temperature to provide nanostructured phases in the sequence: lamellar (L), hexagonal perforated lamellar (HPL), double gyroid (DG) and hexagonal cylindrical (C). The DG phase displays exceptional stability at ambient temperature and features two interpenetrating sugar domain networks having a sub‐2‐nm strut width and a lattice parameter, aDG, of 13.1 nm. The unique stability of this DG phase extends further within ultrathin films all the way down to the two‐dimensional limit of 15 nm in which film thickness, l, is now less than the surface‐oriented unit cell height, hDG. In addition to raising the fundamental question of what minimally constitutes a Schoen triply periodic minimal surface and DG lattice, these results serve to establish the class of sugar–polyolefin conjugates as a new material platform for nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Efficient Photoelectrochemical Conversion of Methane into Ethylene Glycol by WO3 Nanobar Arrays
Authors: Ma Jun , Mao Keke , Low Jingxiang , Wang Zihao , Xi Dawei , Zhang Wenqing , Ju Huanxin , Qi Zeming , Long Ran , Wu Xiaojun , Song Li , Xiong Yujie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion of methane (CH4) has been extensively explored for the production of value‐added chemicals, yet remains a great challenge in high selectivity toward C2+ products. Herein, we report the optimization of the reactivity of hydroxyl radicals (.OH) on WO3 via facet tuning to achieve efficient ethylene glycol production from PEC CH4 conversion. A combination of materials simulation and radicals trapping test provides insight into the reactivity of .OH on different facets of WO3, showing the highest reactivity of surface‐bound .OH on {010} facets. As such, the WO3 with the highest {010} facet ratio exhibits a superior PEC CH4 conversion efficiency, reaching an ethylene glycol production rate of 0.47 μmol cm−2 h−1. Based on in situ characterization, the methanol, which could be attacked by reactive .OH to form hydroxymethyl radicals, is confirmed to be the main intermediate for the production of ethylene glycol. Our finding is expected to provide new insight for the design of active and selective catalysts toward PEC CH4 conversion.
The use of recycled low‐density polyethylene films from protective prepreg for the development of nanocomposites with bentonite clay
Authors: Severino Pamela Rodrigues Passos , Braga Natália Ferreira , de Melo Morgado Guilherme Ferreira , Marini Juliano , Ferro Orestes , Passador Fábio Roberto , Montagna Larissa Stieven 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrepreg is a pre‐impregnated composite fiber where a thermoset polymer matrix material is present. Before being used, these materials are kept at low temperatures and have a low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) film for your protection. The increase in the use of structural composites based on prepregs causes an increase in the amount of protective LDPE film. This material is usually discarded or incinerated and can cause great damage to the environment. Thus, the present work aimed to study the feasibility of recycling up to 100% of protective LDPE (rLDPE) to develop blends‐based nanocomposites with rLDPE/virgin LDPE (60/40, 70/30, 80/20, 90/10 and 100/0) with the addition of 5 wt% of compatibilizer agent (maleic anhydride grafted LDPE, LDPE‐g‐MA), and 1 wt% of bentonite (BNT) using a co‐rotational twin‐screw extruder, followed by hot pressing in a hydropneumatic press and die‐cutting. Water absorption test, thermal aging resistance, morphological characterization by scanning electron microscopy, mechanical properties by Izod impact strength and tensile tests, and differential scanning calorimetry were performed. By the results, it was possible to verify the viability of 100% of the recycling of rLDPE. The results showed a good distribution of 1 wt% of BNT in the matrix, better mechanical properties when compared with virgin LDPE. Furthermore, the thermal properties, water absorption test, and thermal aging resistance showed no statistical differences between the samples. These results confirm the effectiveness and the environmental gain in the use of the recycled material.
Characterization study of flax/strontium titanate/polypropylene composite for low‐k dielectric applications
Authors: Prashanth P.V.S. Hari , Jayamani Elammaran , Soon Kok Heng , Rahman Md. Rezaur , Bakri Muhammad Khusairy Bin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study demonstrates the characterization of flax fiber reinforced polypropylene‐strontium titanate composite and dielectric study for low‐k dielectric applications. The composite was studied through thermal, morphological, and compositional aspects. Thermogravimetry analysis, differential scanning calorimetry shows a higher thermal stability with low glass transition temperatures and lowered decomposition temperatures of 375°C. The morphological study on the surface of this composites had revealed closely packed layers of fiber, ceramic and polymer matrix, which deduces the increased dielectric constants between 3.92 and 4.25 after the addition of strontium titanate. The dielectric constant was found to be significantly higher with a 78% increase with strontium titanate inclusion at relaxation frequencies between 1 kHz and 2 MHz, respectively. Besides, the dielectric property data showed that dielectric permittivity of 4.2 (low k) with the inclusion of natural fibers and ceramic at higher frequencies and lowered corresponding dielectric losses. The infrared spectroscopy results also show a reduction in hydroxyl groups and confirms the presence of bonds that are subjected to high interfacial bonding.
In vivo‐ and in silico‐driven identification of novel synthetic quinoxalines as anticonvulsants and AMPA inhibitors
Authors: Abulkhair Hamada S. , Elmeligie Salwa , Ghiaty Adel , El‐Morsy Ahmed , Bayoumi Ashraf H. , Ahmed Hany E. A. , El‐Adl Khaled , Zayed Mohamed F. , Hassan Memy H. , Akl Eman N. , El‐Zoghbi Mona S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe lack of effective therapies for epileptic patients and the potentially harmful consequences of untreated seizure incidents have made epileptic disorders in humans a major health concern. Therefore, new and more potent anticonvulsant drugs are continually sought after, to combat epilepsy. On the basis of the pharmacophoric structural specifications of effective α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) antagonists with an efficient anticonvulsant activity, the present work reports the design and synthesis of two novel sets of quinoxaline derivatives. The anticonvulsant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated in vivo according to the pentylenetetrazol‐induced seizure protocol, and the results were compared with those of perampanel as a reference drug. Among the synthesized compounds, 24, 28, 32, and 33 showed promising activities with ED50 values of 37.50, 23.02, 29.16, and 23.86 mg/kg, respectively. Docking studies of these compounds suggested that AMPA binding could be the mechanism of action of these derivatives. Overall, the pharmacophore‐based structural optimization, in vivo and in silico docking, and druglikeness studies indicated that the designed compounds could serve as promising candidates for the development of effective anticonvulsant agents with good pharmacokinetic profiles.
Adaptive Hüllen und Strukturen
Authors: Sobek Werner , Sawodny Oliver , Bischoff Manfred , Blandini Lucio , Böhm Michael , Haase Walter , Klett Yves , Mahall Mona , Weidner Stefanie , Burghardt Timon , Leistner Philip , Maierhofer Mathias , Park Sumee , Reina Guido , Roth Daniel , Tarín Cristina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDie „Große Beschleunigung“ bei Bevölkerungszahlen, klimaschädlichen Emissionen, Wasserverbrauch und vielem anderen stellt die gesamte Menschheit vor große Herausforderungen. Dies trifft besonders auf das Bauschaffen zu. Es gilt, zukünftig für mehr Menschen mit weniger Material emissionsfrei zu bauen. Hierfür muss unsere Art des Planens, Bauens und Nutzens von Bauwerken neu gedacht und neu konzipiert werden. Auf der bautechnischen Seite bedeutet dies die konsequente flächendeckende Umsetzung von Leichtbaustrategien. Zu diesen zählt neben dem klassischen Leichtbau und den Gradientenbauweisen auch das Bauen mit adaptiven Hüllen und Strukturen. Unter Adaptivität sind dabei unterschiedliche Veränderungen der Geometrie, der physikalischen Eigenschaften von einzelnen Bauteilen oder von ganzen Bauwerken zu verstehen. Durch Adaption können Spannungsfelder homogenisiert, Bauteilverformungen reduziert und bauphysikalische Verhalten von Bauteilen verändert werden. All dies verringert nicht nur den Materialbedarf, sondern liefert auch einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Steigerung des Nutzerkomforts. Adaptivität im weiteren Sinne bezeichnet einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz, in dem die Anpassung sozialer, kultureller und räumlicher Erfahrungen sowie architektonischer und planerischer Handlungsweisen eng mit den technologischen Entwicklungen verknüpft wird. Die Zusammenführung dieser Perspektiven ist Anspruch des SFB, um ganzheitliche Lösungen für eine zukünftige gebaute Umwelt zu finden.
Effects of synthesis methods and different concentrations of Eu3+ ions on the emission properties of Sr2SiO4 phosphors
Authors: Fan Yu , Chen Chin‐Ta , Yang Cheng‐Fu , Cheng Yung‐Mao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSr2‐xSiO4‐xEu (x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.035, and 0.05) phosphors were synthesized at 1000–1,300°C for 2 h in two different processes, the solid‐state reaction (SSR) method and a two‐step (TS) method, and these results revealed three important findings. The secondary Sr3SiO5 phase was observed in 1,300° C‐TS‐synthesized Sr2‐xSiO4‐xEu powder, but no raw materials or secondary phases were observed in the SSR‐prepared Sr2‐xSiO4‐xEu powders. The concentration quenching effect of Eu3+ ions was really observed in TS‐prepared Sr2‐xSiO4‐xEu phosphors, which was not observed in SSR‐prepared Sr2‐xSiO4‐xEu phosphors. High emission intensity of charge transition state (CT) band was observed in the photoluminescence excitation spectra, for that the 265 and 393 nm were used as the excitation wavelengths of Sr2‐xSiO4‐xEu phosphors. Sr2‐xSiO4‐xEu phosphors under different synthesis processes and excitation wavelengths would have different main emission peaks in the photoluminescence emission spectra. In this study, we also well discussed and explored the relationships of photoluminescence properties with the dipole transitions (electric or magnetic) of Eu3+ ions and the different coordination structures of Sr+2 ions.
Dissipation kinetics and dietary risk assessment of spiromesifen on major summer vegetables using good agricultural practices
Authors: Dubey Jatiender Kumar , Katna Sapna , Shandil Deepika , Devi Nisha , Singh Gaganpreet , Singh Gagandeep , Singh Shubhra , Kaushik Ekta , Sharma Ajay 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDissipation kinetics and dietary risk assessment of spiromesifen is worked out on four summer vegetables, viz. okra, chilli, capsicum and brinjal (eggplant or aubergine) during March–April 2015 at the experimental farm of the Department of Entomology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan using good agricultutral practices. Two foliar applications of spiromesifen @ 144.0 g.a.i./ha each were given at 10 days interval with a knapsack sprayer with the first application at the fruit initiation stage. Sample were collected up to 15 days after pesticide application and processed using a modified QuEChERS method, which was validated by doing recovery studies having recovery range and RSD within established guidelines of SANCO. Estimation of spiromesifen residues was conducted on GC–MS. The initial deposits after spraying of spiromesifen on okra, capsicum, chilli and brinjal fruit after 2 h of treatment were 1.327, 0.727, 0.800 and 0.738 mg/kg, respectively. The residues persisted up to 7 days and further dissipated and declined below the limit of quantification of <0.025 mg/kg at 10 days after treatment in all of the crops under investigation. Dissipation of spiromesifen followed first‐order kinetics. The spiromesifen residues dissipated to half in 1.6, 1.8, 1.9 and 1.7 days with the suggested safe waiting period of 8.9, 5.2, 6.0 and 7.0 in the respective crops. The hazard quotient was <1 and theoretical maximum dietary intake was less than the maximum permissible intake, which was less than the maximum residue limit in all of the vegetable crops under investigation.
Fundamental to achieving fast separations with high efficiency: A review of chromatography with superficially porous particles
Authors: Luo Chuping , DeStefano Joseph J. , Langlois Timothy J. , Boyes Barry E. , Schuster Stephanie A. , Godinho Justin M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTypes of particles have been fundamental to LC separation technology for many years. Originally, LC columns were packed with large‐diameter (>100 μm) calcium carbonate, silica gel, or alumina particles that prohibited fast mobile‐phase speeds because of the slow diffusion of sample molecules inside deep pores. During the birth of HPLC in the 1960s, superficially porous particles (SPP, ≥30 μm) were developed as the first high‐speed stationary‐phase support structures commercialized, which permitted faster mobile‐phase flowrates due to the fast movement of sample molecules in/out of the thin shells. These initial SPPs were displaced by smaller totally porous particles (TPP) in the mid‐1970s. But SPP history repeated when UHPLC emerged in the 2000s. Stationary‐phase support structures made from sub‐3‐μm SPPs were introduced to chromatographers in 2006. The initial purpose of this modern SPP was to enable chromatographers to achieve fast separations with high efficiency using conventional HPLCs. Later, the introduction of sub‐2‐μm SPPs with UHPLC instruments pushed the separation speed and efficiency to a very fast zone. This review aims at providing readers a comprehensive and up‐to‐date view on the advantages of SPP materials over TPPs historically and theoretically from the material science angle.
Exploring virtue ethics in psychodynamic psychotherapy: latent changes in humility, affect regulation, symptoms and well‐being
Authors: Jankowski Peter J. , Captari Laura E. , Sandage Steven J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA rising interest in virtues in psychotherapy has spurred empirical exploration of their influence on both mental health symptoms and well‐being. As such, we explored the virtue ethics premise that growth in the virtue of humility may ameliorate mental health symptoms and promote well‐being. We also examined whether change in experiential avoidance was a mechanism of these changes. Using a multiple simultaneous latent change score model, we analysed latent changes among humility, experiential avoidance and the outcomes of symptoms and social well‐being in a sample of clients (N = 778; M = 31.56 years of age; 59.4% female; 78.1% White) who received outpatient contemporary relational psychotherapy at a community mental health training clinic. Results indicated that change in humility corresponded to changes in symptoms and social well‐being through change in experiential avoidance. Clinical implications centre on clinicians attending closely to client experiences of oscillation between self‐abasement and self‐superiority and utilising small ways within the therapeutic encounter to foster humility.
Battery swallow‐induced tracheoesophageal fistula in a pediatric patient
Authors: Nguyen Lindsey N. , Ramanathan Sathish , Vahabzadeh‐Monshie Hamid R. , Borders Jack C. , de Armendi Alberto J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is an abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus. Rare acquired TEF arises from trauma, caustic fluids ingestion, and iatrogenic injuries (ventilation, esophageal atresia repair, radiation, or tracheal/esophageal stents). We discuss the diagnosis, anesthetic management, and surgical correction of battery swallow‐induced TEF, not previously reported in the pediatric anesthesia and otorhinolaryngology literatures.
Invasive ductal breast carcinoma preceded by CALR‐positive essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Ali Elrazi A. , Elmalik Hind , Omar Nabil E. , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPersistent thrombocytosis in patients with cancer needs workup because it can be linked to essential thrombocytosis. The management should be individualized to start treatment for low‐risk essential thrombocytosis due to the combined risk of thrombosis.
Metastasis to the lateral lingual lymph node located behind the submandibular gland: A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Suzuki Masami , Eguchi Kohtaro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInconsistency in the definition of LLNs may be a hurdle in ensuring the accuracy of the evidence. Refinements in the classification of LLNs, based on the fascial anatomy and lymphatic vessels, are warranted.
Carbon‐based flexible self‐supporting cathode for lithium‐sulfur batteries: Progress and perspective
Authors: Xiao Qinghuiqiang , Yang Jinlin , Wang Xiaodong , Deng Yirui , Han Peng , Yuan Ning , Zhang Lei , Feng Ming , Wang Chang‐an , Liu Ruiping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe flexible self‐supporting electrode can maintain good mechanical and electrical properties while retaining high specific capacity, which meets the requirements of flexible batteries. Lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs), as a new generation of energy storage system, hold much higher theoretical energy density than traditional batteries, and they have attracted extensive attention from both the academic and industrial communities. Selection of a proper substrate material is important for the flexible self‐supporting electrode. Carbon materials, with the advantages of light weight, high conductivity, strong structural plasticity, and low cost, provide the electrode with a large loading space for the active material and a conductive network. This makes the carbon materials meet the mechanical and electrochemical requirements of flexible electrodes. In this paper, the commonly used fabrication methods and recent research progresses of the flexible self‐supporting cathode with a carbon material as the substrate are introduced. Various sulfur loading methods are summarized, which provides useful information for the structural design of the cathode. As the first review article of the carbon‐based flexible self‐supporting LSB cathodes, it provides valuable guidance for the researchers working in the field of LSB.
Corn and soybean response to sulfur fertilizer in West Tennessee
Authors: Cannon Kacey , McClure M. Angela , Yin Xinhua , Sams Carl 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith improved crop yields and reduced atmospheric S deposition, Mid‐South U.S. soils may require S fertilization in deficient soils. The objectives of this study were to identify optimal at‐planting S rate for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield, and evaluate the impact of S rate on crop growth, leaf nutrient level, and seed S. Small plot replicated field studies were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at a S‐deficient site in Milan, TN. Ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] was broadcast applied at planting at 0, 10, 20, and 30 lb S acre–1. Soybean leaf S concentration at early bloom was similar to the zero S control, but concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Cu were reduced, and Zn was increased. These effects increased with S rate. Corn leaf tissue S concentration increased with S rate at sixth‐leaf and silking, while Fe, Mn, and Cu decreased as S rate increased, similar to the soybean experiment. Soybean seed S level increased with rate of S, while corn seed S increased with lowest S rate but did not respond to S rate. Seed N and seed weight were not affected by S rate for either crop. The small increase in soybean yield was not significant. Corn yield increased with applied S in both years. Overall, application of S fertilizer at ≥10 lb S acre–1 improved corn but not soybean yield in a low soil organic matter (SOM), S deficient medium‐textured soil.
Ensiling alfalfa and alfalfa–bermudagrass with ferulic acid esterase‐producing microbial inoculants
Authors: Hendricks Taylor J. , Hancock Dennis W. , Tucker Jennifer J. , Maia Fabio J. , Lourenco Jeferson M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNew silage inoculants contain a bacterial strain that produces ferulic acid esterase (FAE), which may facilitate lignin breakdown and increase the ensiled forage's digestibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a FAE‐producing microbial inoculant for improving fermentation characteristics, nutritive value, and digestibility of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (ALF) or alfalfa–bermudagrass [Cyondon dactylon (L.) Pers.] (ABG) silage. This study was conducted at the University of Georgia Tifton Campus in Tifton, GA, and the J. Phil Campbell Research and Extension Center in Watkinsville, GA, on 0.25 acres of previously established ‘Bulldog 805′ alfalfa (Tifton) and a hybrid bermudagrass interseeded with Bulldog 505 alfalfa (Watkinsville). Forage was harvested twice during the growing season at 10% bloom of the alfalfa to simulate lignin content differences during the growing season. Harvested forage was treated with one of three treatments [FAE‐producing microbial inoculant (MI + FAE), a heterofermentative microbial forage inoculant (MI), or an untreated water control] before being packed into miniature silos to undergo a 60‐d fermentation. After a fermentation period, forage was analyzed for fermentation characteristics, nutritive value, and digestibility parameters. The inoculant treatment tended (P < .1) to affect total volatile fatty acid production in alfalfa; ABG was unaffected (P = .91). Inoculant treatment also did not affect in vitro dry matter digestibility of either forage (P = .22 and .33 for ALF and ABG, respectively). The MI + FAE treatment did not improve fermentation characteristics, nutritive value, or digestibility parameters compared with the MI inoculant.