bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of federal and state policy in addressing early childhood achievement gaps: parent perceptions and student outcomes related to 21st Century Learning Centers programming in the United States
Authors: Williams Heather P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs policymakers and school communities work to address underlying causes of achievement gaps and access to quality early childhood education, this study considers the use of 21st Century Community Learning Centers to address early childhood education needs on western U.S. state, Idaho. The study sought to understand the relationship between federal and state policies related to out-of-school opportunities to enhance early childhood education. Utilizing data from a statewide evaluation of Idaho’s 21st Century Learning Centers, the study examined 92 centers providing after school, before school, or summer programs in grades preschool through the third grade to predominately at-risk children. Data collection included quantitative data from a survey given to parents (n = 183), as well as qualitative data collected through site-based interviews, focus groups and observations. Data included a review of historical and current data on participation rates; attendance rates; standardized test scores for program participants in grades PK-3 (n = 3258). Data were analyzed for themes and transfer. The study findings provide further insight into understanding possible relationships between U.S. federal and state policy regarding 21st Century Community Learning Centers on both students’ outcomes and parent satisfaction. The findings further support the role of out-of-school time (OST) experiences in the larger ecosystem of learning and provides insight into understanding how the OST activities are carried over into family life.
DataStory™: an interactive sequential art approach for data science and artificial intelligence learning experiences
Authors: Maxwell Daniel , Meyer Sarah , Bolch Charlotte 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTechnical training in the fields of data science and artificial intelligence has recently become a highly desirable skill for industry positions as well as a focus of STEM education programs in higher education. However, most of the educational training and courses in data science and artificial intelligence are abstract and highly technical which is not appropriate for all audiences. In this paper, we propose a sequential art approach that uses visual storytelling with integrated coding learning experiences to teach data science concepts. A scoping literature review was conducted to answer the following question: does sufficient evidence exist in the literature to support a sequential art approach to data science and A.I. education? The learning science, sequential art, and dual coding literature bases were then interrogated to answer that question. With knowledge gained from this review, an initial DataStory™ prototype was constructed, using a technical platform capable of delivering an engaging and interactive sequential art learning experience. And finally, findings from a focus group study using the DataStory™ prototype are discussed in which participant feedback to this new learning experience is reported.
Postural analysis in female Bharatanatyam dancers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Panhale Vrushali P. , Walankar Prachita P. , Sridhar Aishwarya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundGaining proficiency in Bharatanatyam dance form necessitates maintenance of different postures for prolonged duration. These repetitive movements place tremendous physical demands on the body at young age and may alter the postural profile of the dancer. The study aimed to evaluate the differences in terms of posture between female Bharatanatyam dancers and age-matched non-dancers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 40 female Bharatanatyam dancers and 40 age-matched female non-dancers in the age group of 18 to 30 years. Analysis of erect standing posture of dancers and non-dancers was conducted in a reserved environment using a photogrammetric method. Static photographs of the subjects were taken in the sagittal plane. The measurement of the angles of the digitized photographs was performed using KINOVEA 0.8.15 software. Head protrusion angle, cervical lordosis angle, thoracic kyphosis angle, lumbar lordosis angle, and pelvic tilt angle were evaluated.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the dancers and non-dancers with respect to head protrusion angle (p= 0.081), cervical lordosis (p= 0.15), and thoracic kyphosis (p= 0.33). Significant differences were identified between the dancers and non-dancers for lumbar lordosis (p= 0.00) and pelvic tilt (p= 0.00) using independentttest with dancers. Higher values of lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt were observed in dancers.ConclusionIncreased lumbar lordosis and anterior pelvic tilt were observed in Bharatanatyam dancers as compared to non-dancers. Hence, it is vital to establish preventive measures like postural re-education, muscular balance, and flexibility to prevent erroneous postural patterns capable of causing pain and injuries.
KRAS A146 Mutations Are Associated With Distinct Clinical Behavior in Patients With Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: van 't Erve Iris , Wesdorp Nina J. , Medina Jamie E. , Ferreira Leonardo , Leal Alessandro , Huiskens Joost , Bolhuis Karen , van Waesberghe Jan-Hein T. M. , Swijnenburg Rutger-Jan , van den Broek Daan , Velculescu Victor E. , Kazemier Geert , Punt Cornelis J. A. , Meijer Gerrit A. , Fijneman Remond J. A. 
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE Somatic KRAS mutations occur in approximately half of the patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Biologic tumor characteristics differ on the basis of the KRAS mutation variant. KRAS mutations are known to influence patient prognosis and are used as predictive biomarker for treatment decisions. This study examined clinical features of patients with mCRC with a somatic mutation in KRAS G12, G13, Q61, K117, or A146. METHODS A total of 419 patients with colorectal cancer with initially unresectable liver-limited metastases, who participated in a multicenter prospective trial, were evaluated for tumor tissue KRAS mutation status. For the subgroup of patients who carried a KRAS mutation and were treated with bevacizumab and doublet or triplet chemotherapy (N = 156), pretreatment circulating tumor DNA levels were analyzed, and total tumor volume (TTV) was quantified on the pretreatment computed tomography images. RESULTS Most patients carried a KRAS G12 mutation (N = 112), followed by mutations in G13 (N = 15), A146 (N = 12), Q61 (N = 9), and K117 (N = 5). High plasma circulating tumor DNA levels were observed for patients carrying a KRAS A146 mutation versus those with a KRAS G12 mutation, with median mutant allele frequencies of 48% versus 19%, respectively. Radiologic TTV revealed this difference to be associated with a higher tumor load in patients harboring a KRAS A146 mutation (median TTV 672 cm3 [A146] v 74 cm3 [G12], P = .036). Moreover, KRAS A146 mutation carriers showed inferior overall survival compared with patients with mutations in KRAS G12 (median 10.7 v 26.4 months; hazard ratio = 2.5; P = .003). CONCLUSION Patients with mCRC with a KRAS A146 mutation represent a distinct molecular subgroup of patients with higher tumor burden and worse clinical outcomes, who might benefit from more intensive treatments. These results highlight the importance of testing colorectal cancer for all KRAS mutations in routine clinical care.
2-DOF robot modelling by SimMechanics and PD-FL integrated controller for position control and trajectory tracking
Authors: Lee Tian Soon , Alandoli Esmail Ali , Vijayakumar V 
Published: November 2021

Background Due to the high demand of robots to perform several industrial tasks, such as welding, machining, pick and place, position control in robotics has attracted high attention recently. Controllers’ improvement is also continuous specifically in terms of design simplicity and performance accuracy. This research plans to obtain the SimMechanics model of a two-degree of freedom (DOF) robot and to propose an integrated controller of a proportional–derivative (PD) controller and a fuzzy logic (FL) controller. Methodology The SimMechanics model of the 2-DOF robot is obtained using MATLAB SimMechanics toolbox from a CAD assembly design of the 2-DOF robot. Then, the proposed PD-FL integrated controller is designed and simulated in MATLAB Simulink. The PD controller is widely used for its simplicity, but it doesn’t have a satisfactory performance in difficult tasks. Furthermore, the FL controller is also easy for design and implementation even by non-experts in control theory, but it has the disadvantage of long computational time for multi-input systems due to the increased fuzzy rules. Results The FL controller is integrated with the PD controller for enhanced performance of the 2-DOF robot. The PD-FL integrated controller is developed and tested to control the 2-DOF robot for point-to-point position control and also tip trajectory tracking (TTT) such as triangular TTT and rhombic TTT. Conclusion The PD-FL integrated controller demonstrates enhanced performance compared to the conventional PD controller in both point-to-point position control and TTT. Furthermore, the PD-FL integrated controller has the advantage of less fuzzy rules which helps to overcome the computational time issue of the FL controller.
Pattern changes of cutaneous dermatoses among Iraqi women preceding and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: A. Abdullah Galawish 
Published: November 2021

Background: We compared the pattern of cutaneous dermatoses among Iraqi females of all ages between 4 months preceding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and the same months 1 year later within the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, that targeted all female patients attending an outpatient clinic for dermatology and venereology in Al-Kindy teaching hospital, Baghdad between October 2019 to the end of January 2020, and the same 4-month duration 1 year later (October 2020 to the end of January 2021) after the COVID-19 peak period had passed and there was no or partial curfew to exclude seasonal impact. Results: A total of 2657 female-patients of all ages were enrolled in this study with 1314 females during the 4 months pre COVID-19, and 1343 females during the pandemic. The mean age of patients presented before the pandemic was 27.2±16.6 years, while the mean age of patients during the pandemic was 28.1±15.6 years with no statistically significant difference in mean ages (P >0.05). Hair loss in general with telogen effluvium specifically increased significantly. Cutaneous contagious viral infections were reduced significantly and specifically of these molluscum contagiosum and condylomata accuminata. Other forms of infections including bacterial and parasitic were also reduced while dermatophytosis was increased but not to a significant level. Acne vulgaris, rosacea, lichen planus, urticaria, pityriasis rosea, seborrheic dermatitis, and vitiligo were increased, but psoriasis, alopecia areata, other types of dermatitis, and melasma were reduced but none to a significant level. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in changes in the pattern of diseases presented to an out-patient clinic for dermatology and venereology. This could be either related to COVID-19 infection or stress associated with the pandemic, because of curfew, or wearing facemasks which may cause a decrease or increase in certain diseases.
Gabor’s holography: seven decades influencing optics [Invited]
Authors: De la Torre I. Manuel H. , Mendoza Santoyo Fernando , Flores M. J. Mauricio , Hernandez-M. M. del Socorro 
Published: November 2021

Dennis Gabor’s seminal idea of a simple all-optical setup aimed at reconstructing the object wavefront stored on a photographic plate gave birth a little over seven decades ago to the field of holography. In 1971 Gabor obtained the Nobel Prize in Physics for this invention. Still, the road in the early days after his two first papers on the subject was one full of obstacles, so his scientific and engineering contemporaries put his idea to rest for more than 10 years, until the invention of the laser. This fact made his holographic concept take off to new and unsuspected applications. This invited review paper is a homage to Dennis Gabor’s 50th anniversary of his Nobel Prize accolade. For this purpose, the review departs from the typical common route, i.e., those written following a timeline fashion, and instead is written with the intent to cover only a few of the holography applications in optics while scanning the electromagnetic spectrum. In doing this, the authors are aware that other invited papers for this special issue will tackle other subjects not dealt with in this review non-timeline paper.
Magnitude of client satisfaction and its associated factors with outpatient pharmacy service at Dubti General Hospital, Afar, North East Ethiopia: A cross sectional study
Authors: Gidey Anwar Brhan , Yazie Taklo Simeneh , Bogale Tegegne , Gulente Tesfaye Molla 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
In Ethiopia the pharmacy service has had several gaps among these were low patient satisfaction, and poor availability of essential pharmaceuticals. In addition, previous studies showed variation in magnitude of client satisfaction, and there is no previous study in the study area. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine client satisfaction with outpatient pharmacy service and associated factors among adult clients at Dubti General Hospital in Afar, Ethiopia.

Methods
A hospital based cross sectional study design was employed from February 1 to March 30, 2020 at Dubti General Hospital. Participants were selected by systematic random sampling method. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression was computed to assess statistical association between the outcome variable, and independent variables. AOR with 95% CI were used to show statistical Significance at P <0.05.

Results
The overall satisfaction towards outpatient pharmacy service was 165(40.5%). Regarding associated factors, service payment insured through their workplace was positively associated with satisfaction (AOR = 3.178, 95% CI: 1.294–7.80) where as availability of some medications (AOR = 0.393, 95% CI: 0.208–0.741), unfair medication cost (AOR = 0.613, 95% CI: 0.607–0.910), and lack of organized pharmacy work flow (AOR = 0.105, 95% CI: 0.049–0.221) were negatively associated with clients’ satisfaction.

Conclusion
The clients’ satisfaction in this study is low that warrants immediate corrective measures. Corrective measures should be taken based on identified gaps such as improving drug availability, pharmacy work flow, and cost of medications.
Prevention of NEO hazard: the Russian approach
Authors: Pavlova Elena , Voropaev Viktor 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) is actively working to solve the problem of preventing Near-Earth Object (NEO) hazard. The article provides the goals and objectives of preventing NEO hazard, as well as ways to achieve them. The described ways of achieving the goal are applied in RAS best. The current state and prospects of the Russian contribution to the prevention of NEO hazard are considered. Statistical data on the dynamics of observation of minor planets by Russian telescopes is presented. The structure of the NEO part of hazardous situations classifier developed by Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (KIAM RAS) and structure of perspective National System Security of space activities in outer space are presented, including the system’s response to event classified as dangerous. The article is accompanied by illustrations of potentially hazardous objects in the sky, made by telescopes of the International Network of Optical Telescopes (ISON), coordinated by the KIAM RAS.
Sources in historical dialectology
Authors: Bába Barbara 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Any scholarly description of Hungarian dialects may only be possible for the time period after the settlement of the Hungarian-speaking population in the Carpathian Basin. Research in historical dialectology has primarily focused on the phonological characterization of 11th-14th century conditions, while in terms of sources, scholars have so far relied primarily on early data related to tribes’ names, historical data recorded in charters, today’s dialects, as well as evidence provided by related languages and elements borrowed from others. My paper sets out to establish the value of various sources in historical dialectology in view of our current knowledge in language history and calls attention to related methodological pitfalls. As most of these source types may also greatly contribute to the better understanding of the history of other languages, these methodological issues are relevant not only for Hungarian historical linguistics and dialectology but also more generally.
The research and writing of this essay has been supported by the University of Debrecen and the MTA Premium Postdoctoral Research Program, Eötvös Loránd Research Network.
Recorridos verticales en Una casa en Bogotá de Santiago Gamboa
Authors: Dhondt Reindert 
Published: November 2021

Resumen
La narrativa del escritor colombiano Santiago Gamboa ha sido estudiada sobre todo desde la perspectiva de una literatura ‘migrante’ y ‘posnacional’. Por la facilidad con la que los personajes recorren los espacios urbanos en el plano horizontal, se han vinculado sus novelas con una visión optimista del nomadismo y la globalización. El presente trabajo argumenta que un énfasis en el vector vertical —en vez de privilegiar la horizontalidad— lleva a una interpretación menos celebratoria y más crítica con respecto a la movilidad en el espacio urbano en la obra de Gamboa. Esto se hace a través de un análisis de los recorridos verticales en la novela Una casa en Bogotá, en particular, por medio del descenso en la memoria, el topos del descenso al infierno y la visión desde abajo.
Words crossing borders
Authors: Schoonheim Tanneke 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the characteristics of language contact is that words from one language are adopted into another language. These words we call loanwords. Often these loanwords travel through more than one language, sometimes even ending up in their original language again. During this journey the form and meaning of these words can change to such an extent that on their return they are hardly recognised in their country of origin.
Loanwords can be found in all languages, but for practical reasons this contribution is limited to Dutch. Ever since the Old Dutch period (ca. 500–1200 AD) we see that words from other languages are included in Dutch and that words from Dutch are given a place in other languages. Using a number of examples from the Dutch vocabulary, this contribution discusses how words from other languages over time have acquired a place in the Dutch language and how the Dutch language has contributed to the vocabulary of other languages in the world.
Das Prostituiertenschutzgesetz im Lichte der Kriminalitätsstatistik
Authors: Henning Juanita , Hunecke Ina , Walentowitz Gerhard 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Mit dem 2017 in Kraft getretenen Prostituiertenschutzgesetz und der damit einhergehenden Ausweitung behördlicher Aufsichtsinstrumente verband sich ausdrücklich die Erwartung einer höheren Aufdeckung von Kriminalität im Prostitutionsgewerbe. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht die vorliegende Untersuchung der Frage nach, ob und in welchem Maße sich die registrierte Kriminalitätsentwicklung im Prostitutionsgewerbe vor und nach Inkrafttreten des Gesetzes unterscheidet. Ausgehend von Daten des Statistischen Bundesamts, darauf basierender Berechnungen sowie vielfältiger Hinweise auf intensivierte Vor-Ort-Kontrollen wird zunächst das Ausmaß zunehmender Kontrolle und Überwachung im Prostitutionsgewerbe dokumentiert. Im Anschluss daran werden aktuelle Daten der Polizeilichen Kriminalstatistik, der Verurteilten-Statistik sowie der Statistik zur Organisierten Kriminalität daraufhin überprüft, ob sie die Erwartung einer vermehrten Zahl aufgedeckter Fälle und Opfer von Rotlicht-Kriminalität bestätigen. Die Untersuchung kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass dem nicht so ist, dass sich vielmehr die seit zwei Jahrzehnten festzustellende Rückläufigkeit registrierter Rotlicht-Kriminalität auch nach Inkrafttreten des Prostituiertenschutzgesetzes fortsetzt. Die Sinnhaftigkeit der mit diesem Gesetz eingeleiteten repressiven Reglementierung von Prostitution erscheint daher fragwürdig.
Rumänisch im deutschen Migrationskontext
Authors: Merlan Aurelia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The migration of Romanian nationals to Germany has a rather long history, but it has gained intensity in the last fifty years. There are almost 780.000 Romanians now living in Germany making them the second-largest group of foreign EU citizens residing in this country. If we also include naturalised citizens as well as the “old” and “new” ethnic German immigrants (the German Romanians), the total number of immigrants originating from Romania exceeds one million individuals. Despite this, migratory linguistic studies are almost non-existent. This article examines the sociolinguistic situation of Romanian as an extraterritorial language in Germany and the discourse behaviour of Romanian migrants to which it correlates. Special attention is paid to the second generation. The focus is on the following aspects: the acquisition of the language of origin and the territorial language, the migrants’ language competence in Romanian compared to their language competence in German, the use of these languages by domains and the translinguistic markers in discourse. The empirical study — which is preceded by a brief description of Romanian migration to Germany — is based on data obtained using qualitative and quantitative methods.
„Du hast mitzusingen, N.!“ Religionspädagogische Ansichten über die Fussball-Heimat Deutschland
Authors: Schlag Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird auf eine theologisch grundierte religionspädagogische Sensibilisierung für die lebensweltliche Dimension von „Heimat“ und „Beheimatung“ im Sinn persönlicher Zugehörigkeit und Selbstpositionierung vor dem Hintergrund gegenwärtiger gesellschaftlich-politischer Entwicklungen abgezielt. Angesichts der ambiguen, vielfältig konnotierten und oft auch populistisch und rassistisch gefärbten Bedeutungszuschreibungen von „Heimat“ erfolgt dabei eine thematische Fokussierung auf das Thema „Fussball-Heimat“ unter genauerer Beleuchtung des jüngst erschienenen Dokumentarfilms „Schwarze Adler“. In der Zielrichtung einer kontextsensiblen Religionspädagogik werden von dort aus wesentliche Orientierungspunkte biblischer Referenzen und theologischer Deutungstraditionen für die religionspädagogische Reflexion über „Heimat“ benannt. Anhand der von Karlo Meyer entwickelten Typologie interreligiösen Lernens werden die didaktischen Implikationen für die unterrichtliche Thematisierung von „Heimat“ skizziert, damit Jugendliche sich diesen Begriff in seiner identitätsstiftenden Bedeutung erschließen sowie Formen der mündigen Selbstpositionierung und ambiguitätssensiblen Urteils-, Gestaltungs- und Anerkennungspraxis kultivieren können – und dies in einem konkreten und konstruktiven utopischen Sinn.