bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Underlying Cardiometabolic Diseases on the Association Between Sedentary Time and All‐Cause Mortality in a Large Japanese Population: A Cohort Analysis Based on the J‐MICC Study
Authors: Koyama Teruhide , Ozaki Etsuko , Kuriyama Nagato , Tomida Satomi , Yoshida Tamami , Uehara Ritei , Tanaka Keitaro , Hara Megumi , Hishida Asahi , Okada Rieko , Kubo Yoko , Oze Isao , Koyanagi Yuriko N. , Mikami Haruo , Nakamura Yohko , Shimoshikiryo Ippei , Takezaki Toshiro , Suzuki Sadao , Otani Takahiro , Kuriki Kiyonori , Takashima Naoyuki , Kadota Aya , Arisawa Kokichi , Katsuura‐Kamano Sakurako , Ikezaki Hiroaki , Murata Masayuki , Takeuchi Kenji , Wakai Kenji , Narimatsu Hiroto , Matsuo Keitaro , Kita Yoshikuni , Miura Katsuyuki , Nagase Hiroki 
Published: June 2021

Background
This study aimed to determine the association between sedentary time and mortality with regard to leisure‐time physical activity with or without cardiometabolic diseases such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus.

Methods and Results
Using data from the J‐MICC (Japan Multi‐Institutional Collaborative Cohort) Study, 64 456 participants (29 022 men, 35 434 women) were analyzed. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were used to characterize the relative risk of all‐cause mortality to evaluate its association with sedentary time (categorical variables: <5, 5 to <7, 7 to <9, ≥9 h/d and 2‐hour increments in exposure) according to the self‐reported hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus using a Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 2257 participants died during 7.7 years of follow‐up. The corresponding HRs for each 2‐hour increment in sedentary time among participants with all factors, no factors, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were 1.153 (95% CI, 1.114–1.194), 1.125 (95% CI, 1.074–1.179), 1.202 (95% CI, 1.129–1.279), 1.176 (95% CI, 1.087–1.273), and 1.272 (95% CI, 1.159–1.396), respectively. Furthermore, when analyzed according to the combined different factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus), HRs increased with each additional factor, and participants reporting all 3 conditions had the highest HR of 1.417 (95% CI, 1.162–1.728) independently of leisure‐time metabolic equivalents.

Conclusions
The association between sedentary time and increased mortality is stronger among patients with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus regardless of leisure‐time physical activity in a large Japanese population.
Ascending Aortic Length and Its Association With Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Eliathamby Daniella , Gutierrez Mariana , Liu Aileen , Ouzounian Maral , Forbes Thomas L. , Tan Kong Teng , Chung Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

Background
The aim of this study was to determine the role of ascending aortic length and diameter in type A aortic dissection.

Methods and Results

Computed tomography scans from patients with acute type A dissections (n=51), patients with proximal thoracic aortic aneurysms (n=121), and controls with normal aortas (n=200) were analyzed from aortic annulus to the innominate artery using multiplanar reconstruction. In the control group, ascending aortic length correlated with diameter (
r
2
=0.35,
P
<0.001), age (
r
2
=0.17,
P
<0.001), and sex (
P
<0.001). As a result of immediate changes in aortic morphology at the time of acute dissection, predissection lengths and diameters were estimated based on models from published literature. Ascending aortic length was longer in patients immediately following acute dissection (median, 109.7 mm; interquartile range [IQR], 101.0–115.1 mm), patients in the estimated predissection group (median, 104.2 mm; IQR, 96.0–109.3 mm), and patients in the aneurysm group (median, 107.0 mm; IQR, 99.6–118.7 mm) in comparison to controls (median, 83.2 mm; IQR, 74.5–90.7 mm) (
P
<0.001 all comparisons). The diameter of the ascending aorta was largest in the aneurysm group (median, 52.0 mm; IQR, 45.9–58.0 mm), followed by the dissection group (median, 50.3 mm; IQR, 46.6–57.5 mm), and not significantly different between controls and the estimated predissection group (median, 33.4 mm [IQR, 30.7–36.7 mm] versus 35.2 mm [IQR, 32.6–40.3 mm],
P
=0.09). After adjustment for diameter, age, and sex, the estimated predissection aortic lengths were 16 mm longer than those in the controls and 12 mm longer than in patients with nondissected thoracic aneurysms.

Conclusions
The length of the ascending aorta, after adjustment for age, sex, and aortic diameter, may be useful in discriminating patients with type A dissection from normal controls and patients with nondissected thoracic aneurysms.
The Promiscuous Life of a Genre for the Dead: The Marthiya as an Instrument of Community Construction in Muslim Russia
Authors: Ross Danielle 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article explores how the Islamic elegiac genre of marthiya can shed new light on the social and cultural history of the Muslims of Russia’s Volga-Ural region in the late imperial period (1870s-1917). The marthiyas enjoyed great popularity across geographical, ethnic, and factional lines as a medium for asserting and affirming social bonds and expressing collective identities. Volga-Ural marthiyas reveal the links between Sufism and Tatar national history-writing, demonstrate the interrelation between Sufi literature and Muslim revolutionary culture, and point to historical figures and groups that were left out of the evolving Tatar national historiography.
Curious Readers: The Bodleian’s Book of Curiosities as a Fatimid View of the World Through Ottoman Eyes
Authors: Liebrenz Boris 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An illustrated cosmographical and geographical manuscript at Oxford’s Bodleian Library, known as the Book of Curiosities, has recently seen a rare confluence of public and scholarly attention. It is widely regarded as one of the outstanding Arabic works of geography, with stylistically idiosyncratic maps and a text that can be traced back to Egypt in the Fatimid period. However, few concrete facts are known about the history of this unique artefact. This article will identify and analyse the traces left by some of its previous owners and thus unlock the Ottoman history of this Fatimid work. By placing it in a concrete temporal and geographical context, we are better able to envisage the intellectual, social, and political environment in which this book could make sense to its owners and readers.
Linking Warm Arctic Winters, Rossby Waves, and Cold Spells: An Idealized Numerical Study
Authors: Jolly Emilien , D’Andrea Fabio , Rivière Gwendal , Fromang Sebastien 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe changes of midlatitude Rossby waves and cold extreme temperature events (cold spells) during warm Arctic winters are analyzed using a dry three-level quasigeostrophic model on the sphere. Two long-term simulations are compared: the first run has the observed wintertime climatology, while the second run includes the composite of the global anomalies associated with the six hottest Arctic winters. A spectral analysis shows a large increase in wave amplitude for near-zero and westward phase speeds and a more moderate decrease for high eastward phase speeds. The increase in low-frequency variability (periods greater than a week) associated with the power shift to slower waves is largely responsible for an increase in midlatitude long-lasting cold spells. In midlatitude regions, in the presence of a mean warming, that increase in low-frequency variance compensates the increase of the mean temperature, resulting at places in a frequency of cold spells that remains by and large unaltered. In presence of mean cooling, both the increase in variance and the decrease in the mean temperature participate in an increased frequency of cold spells. Sensitivity experiments show that the power shift to slower waves is mainly due to the tropical anomalies that developed during those particular winters and less importantly to changes in the background flow at higher latitudes associated with the Arctic amplification pattern.
Decadal Modulation of Trans-basin Variability on Extended Boreal Summer Tropical Cyclone Activity in the Tropical North Pacific and Atlantic Basins
Authors: Chen Shaohua , Zhao Haikun , Klotzbach Philp J. , Raga Graciela B. , Cao Jian , Wang Chao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes decadal modulation of trans-basin variability (TBV) on extended boreal summer (May-October) tropical cyclone frequency (TCF) over the western North Pacific (WNP), central-eastern North Pacific (CENP) and North Atlantic (NATL) basins. There are distinct decadal regimes (P1:1979-1997, P2:1998-2008, and P3:2009-2019) with changes in the interannual relationship between TBV and TCF over these three basins. During P1 and P3, there is a significant inter-annual TBV-TCF relationship over the CENP and NATL, but these relationships become insignificant during P2. Changes in the interannual TBV-TCF relationship over the WNP are opposite to those over the CENP and NATL basins, with significant relationship during P2 but insignificant relationship during P1 and P3. Changes in all three basins coincide with decadal changes in large-scale parameters associated with TBV. Consistent basin-wide changes in lower-tropospheric vorticity (vertical wind shear) associated with TBV appear to be largely responsible for changes in total TCF over the NATL (CENP) during P1 and P3. In contrast, a dipole pattern in lower-tropospheric vorticity and vertical wind shear anomalies associated with TBV over the NATL and CENP basins occurs during P2, leading to an insignificant interannual TBV-TCF relationship over the NATL and CENP basins. Over the WNP, a basin-wide consistent distribution of lower-tropospheric vorticity associated with TBV is consistent with changes in total TCF during P2, while a dipole correlation pattern between TBV-associated factors and TCF during P1 and P3 leads to a weak correlation between TBV and WNP TCF. These three distinct observed decadal regimes may be associated with interactions between ENSO and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on decadal timescales.
A World Through Glass: A Narrative Around the Family Experiences During the Confinement of COVID-19
Authors: González-Calvo Gustavo , Arias-Carballal Marta 
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020, and the world has witnessed significant changes since then. Spain has been forced to go into extreme lockdown, cancelling all school classes and outdoor activities for children. Our study explores how parents of a group of school children aged 7 to 8 years have experienced confinement due to the COVID-19 health crisis. Following a narrative methodology, the results have been organized around a story that takes as a reference the period of confinement for a mother and worker in times of confinement. The conclusions of our study suggest that participants have experienced significant changes in their routines, having faced numerous personal and professional dilemmas in a climate of great emotional burden. This study is the first of its kind in investigating how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the ways that children and their families live and its possible implications for their futures.
Course and Correlates of Stigma in Patients on Opioid Agonist Treatment: A Prospective Study from an Outpatient Treatment Program in India
Authors: Ghosh Abhishek , Roub Fazle , Pillai Renjith R. , Mahintamani Tathagata , Basu Debasish , Subodh B.N. , Mattoo S.K. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Individuals with opioid dependence experience stigma and discrimination. Stigma can potentially reduce treatment-seeking and negatively affect treatment outcomes. We aimed to study the course of stigma and its correlates among patients receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT). Methods: We recruited 51 subjects (aged between 18 and 45 years) registered in the OAT clinic from February to September 2019. We excluded subjects dependent on alcohol and other drugs (except for cannabis and tobacco), with severe mental illness, intellectual disability, and organic brain disease. We assessed the internalized and enacted stigma and quality of life at the treatment entry and after 3 months. Relationship of stigma with quality of life, socio-demographic, and other clinical variables were examined at the treatment entry. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 26.7 (± 5) years. At the end of three months, 33 (64.7%) patients were retained in the treatment. Internalized stigma correlated negatively with the social and environmental domains of quality of life. The strength of the correlations was modest. No significant correlation was found between demographic and clinical variables and internalized stigma and enacted stigma scores. Both internalized and enacted stigma scores reduced significantly at 3 months follow-up. The significance levels were retained even after controlling for the baseline quality of life scores. Stigma at the treatment entry did not predict early dropout. Conclusion: Despite higher severity at the treatment entry, the level of internalized and enacted stigma reduced significantly within three months of an outpatient-based OAT program.
An algorithm combining VVSYmQ® and VCSS scores may help to predict disease severity in C2 patients
Authors: Sadek Mikel , Pergamo Matthew , Almeida Jose I , Jacobowitz Glenn R , Kabnick Lowell S 
Published: June 2021

Objectives The purpose was to assess whether combining patient reported scores (VVSymQ®) and physician reported scores (VCSS) stratifies disease severity in C2 patients. Methods Consecutive patients were pooled from the VANISH-1 and VANISH-2 cohorts. VCSS and VVSymQ® were calculated for each patient. The relationship between scoring systems was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation and frequency distribution analysis. Results Two-hundred and ten C2 limbs were included. Scoring systems demonstrated: VVSymQ®: mean = 8.72; VCSS: mean = 6.32; correlation (r = 0.22, p = 0.05). Frequency distribution analysis demonstrated 61.4% of patients had low VVSymQ® and low VCSS; 31.3% had elevated VVSymQ® and increased VCSS; 7.3% were inconsistent with C2 disease. Strict concordance analysis revealed 40.5% had VVSymQ® (< 9)/VCSS (0-6), 18.6% had VVSymQ® (≥ 9)/VCSS (7-9), and 2.9% had VVSymQ® (≥9)/VCSS (≥10). Conclusions For combined elevated VVSymQ® and VCSS, moderate/severe disease is corroborated, and intervention may be indicated. For combined lower scores, the disease severity is mild and conservative therapy is more appropriate.
Assessment of Psychological Distress in Health-care Workers during and after the First Wave of COVID-19: A Canadian Longitudinal Study: Évaluation de la Détresse Psychologique Chez Les Travailleurs de la Santé Durant et Après la Première Vague de la COVID-19: une étude longitudinale canadienne
Authors: Dufour Marie-Michèle , Bergeron Nicolas , Rabasa Axelle , Guay Stéphane , Geoffrion Steve 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Health-care workers (HCW) exposed to COVID-19 are at risk of experiencing psychological distress. Although several cross-sectional studies have been carried out, a longitudinal perspective is needed to better understand the evolution of psychological distress indicators within this population. The objectives of this study were to assess the evolution of psychological distress and to identify psychological distress trajectories of Canadian HCW during and after the first wave of COVID-19. Method: This prospective cohort study was conducted from May 8 to September 4, 2020, and includes a volunteer sample of 373 HCW. Symptoms of post-traumatic disorder, anxiety, and depression were assessed using the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (PCL-5), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Descriptive statistics were used to illustrate the evolution of psychological distress indicators, whereas latent class analysis was carried out to identify trajectories. Results: During and after the first wave of COVID-19, the rates of clinical mental health symptoms among our sample varied between 6.2% and 22.2% for post-traumatic stress, 10.1% and 29.9% for depression, and 7.3% and 26.9% for anxiety. Finally, 4 trajectories were identified: recovered (18.77%), resilient (65.95%), subchronic (7.24%), and delayed (8.04%). Conclusion: The longitudinal nature of our study and the scarcity of our data are unique among existing studies on psychological distress of HCW in COVID-19 context and allow us to contextualize prior transversal data on the topic. Although our data illustrated an optimistic picture in showing that the majority of HCW follow a resilience trajectory, it is still important to focus our attention on those who present psychological distress. Implementing preventive mental health interventions in our health-care institutions that may prevent chronic distress is imperative. Further studies need to be done to identify predictors that may help to characterize these trajectories.
Condom use, symptoms of suggestive sexually transmitted infections, and health care seeking among female sex workers in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Nazmul , Wahed Tasnuva , Alam Anadil , Dema Passang , Oishi Shafiqua N , Nahar Quamrun 
Published: June 2021

This article presents a mixed-method cross-sectional study reporting condom use, sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms, and care seeking of female sex workers (FSWs) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A survey of 1228 FSWs, in-depth interviews ( n = 24), and key informants’ interviews ( n = 26) were used for data collection. Among the 1228 FSWs included in this study, 50% of them were illiterate and 39.3% were married, and their mean age was 27.1 years. The consistent use of condoms was reported by 75.6% of the FSWs, 88.7% reported having STI symptoms in the last 6 months, while 91.8% visited one of the drop-in centers for services. FSWs without formal education had lower odds of using condoms consistently (AOR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.55–0.95), and those working elsewhere than in the streets showed higher odds (AOR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.23–2.15) to use condoms. Stigma to access health care services, poor knowledge about STI/HIV, and low perceived risk were mentioned as causes of having STI symptoms in the survey as well as in qualitative in-depth interviews. Self-reported condom use, STI symptoms, and care-seeking practices were found to be high among the FSWs. Inconsistent condom use and a high number of sex partners could be the reasons for high levels of STI symptoms. Innovative objectively verifiable approaches should be tested to collect condom use data.
Rethinking the Concept of Municipal Bonds to Improve Urban Governance in India
Authors: Samal Manohar 
Published: June 2021

The pace of urban development in India has been slow, unorganised and unorderly as a result of inadequate planning and implementation of projects, mismanagement and misutilisation of funds, bureaucracy in the decision-making process and the reliance of urban local bodies on traditional forms of financing such as taxes and government grants. These factors not only restrict effective urban governance and development, but also create several dilemmas for comparatively modern and efficacious forms of urban financing. A perfect example of this is the unattractiveness and underutilised potential of municipal bonds for urban financing despite the fact that it was introduced in India in the year 1997. In pursuance of the above, this article aims to identify the problems associated with urban financing through municipal bonds and also makes an attempt to provide solutions which will not only help in creating a more reliable and effective form of urban financing for urban local bodies but also improve urban governance and permit the general public to invest in urban infrastructure development activities. JEL Classification: K220, R510
Topical interferon in recurrent inflammatory macular edema following a cat bite
Authors: Kawali Ankush , Srinivasan Sanjay , Mahendradas Padmamalini , Shetty Rohit 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Treating chronic macular edema (CME) post endophthalmitis is a challenge. Use of steroids may reactivate the infection and repeated intravitreal therapy with anti-vascular growth factor inhibitors (Anti-VEGF) puts the patient again at the risk of exacerbation of inflammation or endophthalmitis. We describe a case of CME post traumatic endophthalmitis successfully treated with topical interferon therapy. Case description: A 34-year-old Asian Indian lady with a history of cat bite to her right eye and treated elsewhere as traumatic endophthalmitis with recurrent macular edema, presented to us 1 year after the injury. She had received anti-VEGF injection for same. Her medical history was non-contributory except for close contact with her cat. Therapeutic trials with oral doxycycline followed by oral albendazole with steroids, as well as repeated anti-VEGF therapy failed to prevent recurrence of CME. Patient’s steroid responsiveness and reluctance for injections, made us to opt for a novel topical Interferon therapy. Macular edema resolved in 2 months. Interruption of interferon therapy due to COVID-lock down resulted in recurrence of the CME, which again responded well to interferon monotherapy. Conclusion: Topical interferon may have a role in the treatment of inflammatory macular edema and can serve as a, safer, economical and non-invasive treatment option compared to intravitreal steroids and anti-VEGFs.
Altered anterior default mode network dynamics in progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bommarito Giulia , Tarun Anjali , Farouj Younes , Preti Maria Giulia , Petracca Maria , Droby Amgad , El Mendili Mohamed Mounir , Inglese Matilde , Van De Ville Dimitri 
Published: June 2021

Background: Modifications in brain function remain relatively unexplored in progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS), despite their potential to provide new insights into the pathophysiology of the disease at this stage. Objectives: To characterize the dynamics of functional networks at rest in patients with PMS, and the relation with clinical disability. Methods: Thirty-two patients with PMS underwent clinical and cognitive assessment. The dynamic properties of functional networks, retrieved from transient brain activity, were obtained from patients and 25 healthy controls (HCs). Sixteen HCs and 19 patients underwent a 1-year follow-up (FU) clinical and imaging assessment. Differences in the dynamic metrics between groups, their longitudinal changes, and the correlation with clinical disability were explored. Results: PMS patients, compared to HCs, showed a reduced dynamic functional activation of the anterior default mode network (aDMN) and a decrease in its opposite-signed co-activation with the executive control network (ECN), at baseline and FU. Processing speed and visuo-spatial memory negatively correlated to aDMN dynamic activity. The anti-couplings between aDMN and auditory/sensory-motor network, temporal-pole/amygdala, or salience networks were differently associated with separate cognitive domains. Conclusion: Patients with PMS presented an altered aDMN functional recruitment and anti-correlation with ECN. The aDMN dynamic functional activity and interaction with other networks explained cognitive disability.