bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 en edad pediátrica en San Pedro Sula, Honduras
Authors: Mejia Paz Norma Lidia , Banegas Mejía Néstor Raúl , Paredes Castillo Nathalia 
Published: July 2021

Antecedentes: El 31 de diciembre de 2019, China comunicó un reporte de casos de neumonía de etiología desconocida. El 11 de febrero de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) denominó a la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019: COVID-19. En América Latina el primer caso se confirmó el 25 de febrero de 2020 en Brasil. En Honduras se confirmaron los dos primeros casos de COVID-19 el 10 de marzo, y el primer caso en edad pediátrica en San Pedro Sula (S.P.S.) se confirmó el 25 de marzo de 2020. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 en la edad pediátrica en S.P.S., Honduras. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, y transversal. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico de 415 pacientes en edad pediátrica (IC 95%) a quienes se les realizó una prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (PCR-tr). Las variables estudiadas fueron: sociodemográficas, curso de la enfermedad, manifestaciones clínicas, factores de riesgo, manejo del paciente, condición actual del paciente y distribución según el establecimiento de salud notificante. La información recolectada fue ingresada en una base de datos y analizada en Microsoft Excel. Resultados: 170 (40.96%) pacientes en edad pediátrica resultaron positivos. El grupo etáreomás afectado fueron los adolescentes (54.71%). El curso de la enfermedad fue sintomático en 124 pacientes. El síntoma que más frecuentemente se reportó fue fiebre (37.10%). A la fecha de finalización del estudio, 152 continuaban activos con COVID-19. Conclusiones: Este estudio resume las principales características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la COVID-19 en niños y adolescentes de S.P.S.
Manifestaciones neurológicas de COVID-19. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Garcia Carranza Carlos Genaro , Aguilar Pineda Cindy Monsserrath 
Published: July 2021

El nuevo coronavirus se origino en la ciudad de Wuhan, China, esta enfermedad afecta principalmente el sistema respiratorio, los síntomas pueden ir desde leves a severos, así también, existe otra variedad de presentaciones clínicas en otros sistemas, como es el sistema nervioso central, actualmente existe evidencia de gran cantidad de publicaciones de presentación neurológica como manifestaciones de COVID-19. Actualmente se ha descrito el potencial neurotrópico del coronavirus para invadir el sistema nervioso central y también se ha descrito diversos mecanismos de daño secundario. Las diferentes presentaciones neurológicas en niños como en adultos pueden ser variables, y estas incluyen manifestaciones del sistema nervios central, periférico y enfermedades musculares.
Management of Copper Heap Leach Projects: A Geologist’s Perspective
Authors: Dreier John E. 
Published: July 2021

Editor’s note: The Geology and Mining series, edited by Dan Wood and Jeffrey Hedenquist, is designed to introduce early-career professionals and students to a variety of topics in mineral exploration, development, and mining, in order to provide insight into the many ways in which geoscientists contribute to the mineral industry.

Abstract
Copper production by heap leaching, coupled with solvent extraction and electrowinning (SX-EW), is a well-established technology, with an annual output of about 3.7 million tonnes (Mt) of copper metal. Ores presently amenable to copper heap leaching include copper oxides and secondary copper sulfides. Most copper deposits amenable to acid sulfate heap leaching result from supergene processes within porphyry copper systems, although copper heap leaching has been applied to sandstone and shale-hosted deposits, among others. Copper heap leaching is a rate-dependent process sensitive to copper mineralogy (copper oxides &gt; secondary sulfides &gt; hypogene sulfides), driven by the pH of the leach solution, the activity of ferric iron (Fe3+ (aq)) dissolved in the leach solution, and temperature. Acid consumption, a principal operating cost item, depends on the pH of the leach solution; the presence of reactive gangue minerals, notably carbonates, Ca plagioclase, pyroxene, Fe-rich amphibole, and olivine; and the cumulative surface area of material in the heap.
There are three basic approaches to commercial copper heap leaching—run-of-mine, dedicated pad, and on-off pad leaching, with variables that include crushing, acid/ferric agglomeration, solution application rate, and leach solution pH. These approaches affect copper leach kinetics, overall copper recovery, acid consumption, and capital and operating costs. A successful copper heap leach evaluation program requires a systematic approach, beginning with geologic mapping, then drilling and hydraulic and metallurgical testing, and concluding with financial analysis, engineering, and permitting. As geologists are the unique party in the process, with a thorough understanding of the overall deposit geology, including ore and gangue mineralogy, the domains that comprise the deposit, and the geochemistry of leaching, they must remain fully involved in the project throughout the evaluation. At the outset, geologists must manage the drilling program and define the grade-mineral domains. Later, they must participate in the metallurgical and hydraulic testing programs, including the evaluation of test results; then, during financial modeling, they must collaborate with all of the other specialists.
Woodcutters 55 Years Later: A New Look at an Old Discovery
Authors: Shatwell Dave 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Woodcutters Zn-Pb-Ag deposit in the Rum Jungle district of the Pine Creek orogen in northern Australia was discovered in 1964 and produced 4.6 Mt of ore grading 12.3% Zn, 5.6% Pb, and 83 g/t Ag between 1985 and 1999. Woodcutters, together with several other polymetallic, uranium, and phosphate deposits, is within a Paleoproterozoic sequence of fluviatile and shallow marine sediments deposited in a deepening basin between ~2100 and 2025 Ma around the margins of an Archean granitic and gneissic dome. These sediments were overlain by turbidites and volcaniclastic rocks until the basin was inverted and the sediments and mineral deposits were deformed and metamorphosed at 1860 Ma.
Whereas the polymetallic and uranium bodies at Rum Jungle are considered to be syngenetic or syndiagenetic, sulfides in the Woodcutters orebody replace dolomitic horizons in an otherwise carbonaceous unit. This suggests that Woodcutters is similar to Mississippi Valley-type mineralization and rules out affinities with younger sedimentary exhalative-style deposits elsewhere in the Pine Creek orogen. A model is proposed whereby metals were eroded from Archean basement rocks into Paleoproterozoic sandstone aquifers following the Great Oxidation Event, which also liberated sulfur by oxidation of pyrite. Evaporative conditions, as suggested by the widespread occurrence of dolomite and magnesite, may have increased the chloride content of seawater and enhanced its capacity to transport metals. Subsequently, deeply circulating seawater leached metals from the aquifers and ascended up a deep, basin-penetrating fault until it intersected carbonaceous sediments. In this environment, Zn and Pb sulfides were deposited under reducing conditions, while sulfur may have been provided by H2S from organic material.
The Woodcutters and other deposits at Rum Jungle show how metals formerly locked up in Archean cratons were delivered by erosion under an oxygenated atmosphere to Paleoproterozoic shorelines, where they were further mobilized and concentrated by a variety of processes.
Epithermal Precious Metal Deposits in South Korea—History and Pursuit
Authors: Wittwer Paul D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The gold and silver endowment of Korea has historically been well known, with records alluding to production as far back as 1122 BC. The main gold production period was from 1925 to 1943 during the Japanese occupation of Korea, with more than 1 Moz recorded in 1939. Muguk was the most productive gold mining operation, located within the central region of South Korea, with a recorded 590 koz of gold produced from 1934 to 1998 (first mined in AD 912). The majority of the historical mining operations were closed by government order in 1943 during the Second World War and never reopened. A number of small mines operated between 1971 and 1998, with limited production during a period of gold prices generally lower than at present (~25–50% of current inflation adjusted prices, apart from a four-year period 1979–83). It is likely that significant resources remain within these historical mining areas. Gold-silver deposit types historically recognized and exploited in Korea include placers and orogenic and intrusion-related vein systems. Only more recently have epithermal vein and breccia systems been recognized. This is not surprising, given that the geologic and tectonic setting of the Southern Korean peninsula is prospective for epithermal precious metal deposits, spatially associated with basin-scale brittle fault systems in Cretaceous volcanic terranes. South Korea is an underexplored jurisdiction, with limited modern exploration and drilling until the mid-1990s, when Ivanhoe Mines Ltd. discovered the Gasado, Eunsan, and Moisan epithermal gold-silver deposits, all of which became mines. Exploration was limited for another 20 years until Southern Gold Ltd., an Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)-listed company, commenced regional-scale exploration for epithermal deposits, using a strategy similar to that successfully employed by Ivanhoe.
Assessment for Septic Arthritis in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients: A Single-Institution Study
Authors: Brown Chelsea R. , Samade Richard , Turnquist Emily , Mickley John , Lynch Daniel , Larkin Karilyn T. M. , Speeckaert Amy L. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Prompt diagnosis of septic arthritis is imperative to prevent irreversible joint damage. Immunocompromised patients are at an increased risk of septic arthritis as well as secondary systemic infection. Our aims were to identify features predictive of septic arthritis and to determine whether these features differed between immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.

Methods:
A single institution retrospective cohort study was performed of 173 immunocompetent and 70 immunocompromised patients who underwent aspiration or arthrotomy for suspected septic arthritis from 2010 to 2018. Demographic data, symptoms, laboratory values, and imaging findings were recorded. Multiple variable logistic regression models were used to assess for predictive factors for septic arthritis in both cohorts. Results were reported as odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and P values.

Results:
In the regression analysis, independent predictive factors for septic arthritis in immunocompetent patients were younger age (P = 0.004), presence of radiographic abnormalities (P = 0.006), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.001). For immunocompromised patients, only CRP was an independent continuous predictive factor (P = 0.008) for septic arthritis. A risk stratification tool for predicting septic arthritis in immunocompetent patients using age <55 years, CRP >100 mg/dL, and presence of radiographic abnormalities was developed. A similar tool was created using CRP >180 mg/dL and radiographic abnormalities in immunocompromised patients.

Discussion:
Differences in predictive factors for septic arthritis between immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients suggest dissimilar clinical presentations. The developed risk stratification tools allow one to predict the likelihood of septic arthritis in both groups. This may permit more accurate selection of patients for surgical intervention in the setting of insufficient data from synovial aspiration.
New Bounds on Roller Coaster Permutations
Authors: Botler Fábio , Netto Bruno L. 
Published: July 2021

A roller coaster is a permutation \pi that maximizes	the sum $\t(\pi) = \sum_{\tau\in X(\pi)}\id(\tau)$,	where \(X(\pi)\) denotes the set of subsequences of \(\pi\) with cardinality at least \(3\);	and \(\id(\tau)\) denotes the number of maximal increasing or decreasing subsequences of contiguous numbers of \(\tau\).	We denote by \(\t_{\max}(n)\) the value \(\t(\pi)\),	where \(\pi\) is a roller coaster of \(\{1,\ldots,n\}\), for \(n\geq 3\).	Precise values of \(\t_{\max}(n)\) for \(n\leq 13\) were presented in \cite{AhmedTanbir}.	In this paper, we explore the problem of computing lower bounds for \(\t_{\max}(n)\).	More specifically, we present a cubic algorithm to compute $\t(\pi)$ for any given permutation $\pi$;	and an Integer Linear Programming model to obtain roller coasters.	As a result, we improve known lower bounds found in the literature for $n \leq 40$.
COVID 19 and Myriad of Psychological Problems in Indian Context
Authors: Sankar Umaiorubagam Ganapathy , Ravikumar Monisha , Rajam Sankara Eswaran Santhana 
Published: July 2021

Corona Virus 2019 (COVID 19) is impacting every family financially as well as emotionally. There is a panic situation existed throughout the world. Due to the presence of Novel Corona Virus, there are innumerous defects and changes existed in everybody’s routine activities of daily living and other recreational tasks. As the pandemic outbreak in India was on-going, the Government of India took stringent measures to limit the cases by far in that stage only, by initiating a major lockdown pan-India and also by shifting the immigrants to the special quarantine facilities prepared by the Indian Military directly from the airports and seaports for a minimum of 14 days. The lives of people were drastically affected with lock-down and fear related to the disease’s potential effects and transmission. The fear due to the contraction of COVID -19 is on the rise because of the death tolls and global spread. For low income country like India, financial crisis had troubled the lives of everybody. For older adults, there is a fear of death as well as fear of saving the lives of their loved one. Adapting to this new normal life is a real challenge for older adults in middle and low economic zone like India. Indian people are going through a myriad of psychological problems in adjusting to the current lifestyles and fear of the disease.
Forgetting faces over a week: investigating self-reported face recognition ability and personality
Authors: Kramer Robin S.S. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAlthough face recognition is now well studied, few researchers have considered the nature of forgetting over longer time periods. Here, I investigated how newly learned faces were recognised over the course of one week. In addition, I considered whether self-reported face recognition ability, as well as Big Five personality dimensions, were able to predict actual performance in a recognition task.MethodsIn this experiment (N = 570), faces were learned through short video interviews, and these identities were later presented in a recognition test (using previously unseen images) after no delay, six hours, twelve hours, one day, or seven days.ResultsThe majority of forgetting took place within the first 24 hours, with no significant decrease after that timepoint. Further, self-reported face recognition abilities were moderately predictive of performance, while extraversion showed a small, negative association with performance. In both cases, these associations remained consistent across delay conditions.DiscussionThe current work begins to address important questions regarding face recognition using longitudinal, real-world time intervals, focussing on participant insight into their own abilities, and the process of forgetting more generally.
In Situ Formed “Sn1–XInX@In1–YSnYOZ” Core@Shell Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Pardo Pérez Laura C. , Teschner Detre , Willinger Elena , Guiet Amandine , Driess Matthias , Strasser Peter , Fischer Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) driven by renewable energy has gained increasing attention for sustainable production of chemicals and fuels. Catalyst design to overcome large overpotentials and poor product selectivity remains however challenging. Sn/SnOx and In/InOx composites have been reported active for CO2RR with high selectivity toward formate formation. In this work, the CO2RR activity and selectivity of metal/metal oxide composite nanoparticles formed by in situ reduction of bimetallic amorphous SnInOx thin films are investigated. It is shown that during CO2RR the amorphous SnInOx pre‐catalyst thin films are reduced in situ into Sn1–XInX@In1–YSnYOz core@shell nanoparticles composed of Sn‐rich SnIn alloy nanocores (with x < 0.2) surrounded by InOx‐rich bimetallic InSnOx shells (with 0.3 < y < 0.4 and z ≈ 1). The in situ formed particles catalyze the CO2RR to formate with high faradaic efficiency (80%) and outstanding formate mass activity (437 A gIn+Sn−1 @ −1.0 V vs RHE in 0.1 m KHCO3). While extensive structural investigation during CO2RR reveals pronounced dynamics in terms of particle size, the core@shell structure is observed for the different electrolysis conditions essayed, with high surface oxide contents favoring formate over hydrogen selectivity.
Magnetically Guidable Proteinaceous Adhesive Microbots for Targeted Locoregional Therapeutics Delivery in the Highly Dynamic Environment of the Esophagus
Authors: Choi Hyun Sun , Jo Yun Kee , Ahn Gwang‐Noh , Joo Kye Il , Kim Dong‐Pyo , Cha Hyung Joon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe esophagus is a tubular‐shaped muscular organ where swallowed fluids and muscular contractions constitute a highly dynamic environment. The turbulent, coordinated processes that occur through the oropharyngeal conduit can often compromise targeted administration of therapeutic drugs to a lesion, significantly reducing therapeutic efficacy. Here, magnetically guidable drug vehicles capable of strongly adhering to target sites using a bioengineered mussel adhesive protein (MAP) to achieve localized delivery of therapeutic drugs against the hydrodynamic physiological conditions are proposed. A suite of highly uniform microparticles embedded with iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (MAP@IO MPs) is microfluidically fabricated using the genipin‐mediated covalent cross‐linking of bioengineered MAP. The MAP@IO MPs are successfully targeted to a specific region and prolongedly retained in the tubular‐structured passageway. In particular, orally administered MAP@IO MPs are effectively captured in the esophagus in vivo in a magnetically guidable manner. Moreover, doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded MAP@IO MPs exhibit a sustainable DOX release profile, effective anticancer therapeutic activity, and excellent biocompatibility. Thus, the magnetically guidable locomotion and robust underwater adhesive properties of the proteinaceous soft microbots can provide an intelligent modular approach for targeted locoregional therapeutics delivery to a specific lesion site in dynamic fluid‐associated tubular organs such as the esophagus.
High‐Performance Cathode Materials for Potassium‐Ion Batteries: Structural Design and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Xu Yan‐Song , Guo Si‐Jie , Tao Xian‐Sen , Sun Yong‐Gang , Ma Jianmin , Liu Chuntai , Cao An‐Min 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDue to the obvious advantage in potassium reserves, potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are now receiving increasing research attention as an alternative energy storage system for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Unfortunately, the large size of K+ makes it a challenging task to identify suitable electrode materials, particularly cathode ones that determine the energy density of PIBs, capable of tolerating the serious structural deformation during the continuous intercalation/deintercalation of K+. It is therefore of paramount importance that proper design principles of cathode materials be followed to ensure stable electrochemical performance if a practical application of PIBs is expected. Herein, the current knowledge on the structural engineering of cathode materials acquired during the battle against its performance degradation is summarized. The K+ storage behavior of different types of cathodes is discussed in detail and the structure–performance relationship of materials sensitive to their different lattice frameworks is highlighted. The key issues facing the future development of different categories of cathode materials are also highlighted and perspectives for potential approaches and strategies to promote the further development of PIBs are provided.
Anisotropic Superhydrophobic Properties of Bioinspired Surfaces by Laser Ablation of Metal Substrate inside Water
Authors: Su Yilin , Zhao Yizhe , Jiang Shengyuan , Hou Xuyan , Hong Minghui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWater droplet unidirectional adhesion, wetting, and transport on the asymmetric superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted much research interest in theory analyses and applications. In this study, inspired by the butterfly wings and lotus leaf, a novel anisotropic superhydrophobic surface with different tilt angles of the wedge‐shaped structures is prepared on aluminum surfaces via laser ablation inside water. It is demonstrated experimentally that the resistant force of water droplets on the bioinspired surfaces is different along the tilt direction of the wedge‐shaped structure and the inverse direction. The sliding and bouncing behaviors of water droplets on different bioinspired wedge‐shaped structure surfaces are simulated and tested to understand better the mechanism of the rolling and bouncing droplets induced by asymmetric wedge‐shaped structures. Furthermore, the effect of the tilt wedge‐shaped structures on the anisotropic superhydrophobic properties is revealed from the mechanical point of view. The relationship between the anisotropic superhydrophobic properties and the tilt angle of the wedge‐shaped structure is investigated.
High Performance Self‐Driven Polarization‐Sensitive Photodetectors Based on GeAs/InSe Heterojunction
Authors: Xiong Jingxian , Sun Yiming , Wu Liangwei , Wang Weizhe , Gao Wei , Huo Nengjie , Li Jingbo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ability to detect linearly polarized light is essential in the field of angle‐dependent optoelectronics and polarization optical applications. To date, most polarization‐sensitive photodetectors are mainly based on single 2D anisotropic materials, which still suffer from the large dark current, from being external bias driven, and from low anisotropy ratio. To address these obstacles, we fabricated a van der Waals (vdW) GeAs/InSe heterojunction with type‐II band alignment achieving a high‐performance self‐driven polarization‐sensitive photodetector. The heterojunction exhibits excellent rectifying characteristics with a current rectification ratio exceeding 103. By operating in photovoltaic mode at zero bias, the device shows a very low dark current of ∼0.1 picoampere, high photoresponsivity of 357 mA/W, and large photo‐switching ratio of 103, yielding a high specific detectivity of 2 × 1011 Jones and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 8%. Benefiting from the anisotropic structure of the GeAs components, the heterojunctions also exhibit self‐driven polarization‐sensitive photodetection with superior anisotropic photocurrent ratio of ∼18 which surpasses state‐of‐the‐art 2D based polarization‐dependent detectors. This work proposes an effective strategy utilizing the anisotropic/isotropic vdW heterojunctions to enable self‐powered and high‐performance polarization‐sensitive photodetectors, opening a new avenue towards the promising potential applications in polarization‐resolved electronics and photonics.