bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mitotic checkpoint is a targetable vulnerability of carboplatin-resistant triple negative breast cancers
Authors: Moens Stijn , Zhao Peihua , Baietti Maria Francesca , Marinelli Oliviero , Van Haver Delphi , Impens Francis , Floris Giuseppe , Marangoni Elisabetta , Neven Patrick , Annibali Daniela , Sablina Anna A. , Amant Frédéric 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, lacking effective therapy. Many TNBCs show remarkable response to carboplatin-based chemotherapy, but often develop resistance over time. With increasing use of carboplatin in the clinic, there is a pressing need to identify vulnerabilities of carboplatin-resistant tumors. In this study, we generated carboplatin-resistant TNBC MDA-MB-468 cell line and patient derived TNBC xenograft models. Mass spectrometry-based proteome profiling demonstrated that carboplatin resistance in TNBC is linked to drastic metabolism rewiring and upregulation of anti-oxidative response that supports cell replication by maintaining low levels of DNA damage in the presence of carboplatin. Carboplatin-resistant cells also exhibited dysregulation of the mitotic checkpoint. A kinome shRNA screen revealed that carboplatin-resistant cells are vulnerable to the depletion of the mitotic checkpoint regulators, whereas the checkpoint kinases CHEK1 and WEE1 are indispensable for the survival of carboplatin-resistant cells in the presence of carboplatin. We confirmed that pharmacological inhibition of CHEK1 by prexasertib in the presence of carboplatin is well tolerated by mice and suppresses the growth of carboplatin-resistant TNBC xenografts. Thus, abrogation of the mitotic checkpoint by CHEK1 inhibition re-sensitizes carboplatin-resistant TNBCs to carboplatin and represents a potential strategy for the treatment of carboplatin-resistant TNBCs.
Saliva is more sensitive than nasopharyngeal or nasal swabs for diagnosis of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 infection
Authors: Teo Alvin Kuo Jing , Choudhury Yukti , Tan Iain Beehuat , Cher Chae Yin , Chew Shi Hao , Wan Zi Yi , Cheng Lionel Tim Ee , Oon Lynette Lin Ean , Tan Min Han , Chan Kian Sing , Hsu Li Yang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe aimed to test the sensitivity of naso-oropharyngeal saliva and self-administered nasal (SN) swab compared to nasopharyngeal (NP) swab for COVID-19 testing in a large cohort of migrant workers in Singapore. We also tested the utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for diagnosis of COVID-19. Saliva, NP and SN swabs were collected from subjects who presented with acute respiratory infection, their asymptomatic roommates, and prior confirmed cases who were undergoing isolation at a community care facility in June 2020. All samples were tested using RT-PCR. SARS-CoV-2 amplicon-based NGS with phylogenetic analysis was done for 30 samples. We recruited 200 subjects, of which 91 and 46 were tested twice and thrice respectively. In total, 62.0%, 44.5%, and 37.7% of saliva, NP and SN samples were positive. Cycle threshold (Ct) values were lower during the earlier period of infection across all sample types. The percentage of test-positive saliva was higher than NP and SN swabs. We found a strong correlation between viral genome coverage by NGS and Ct values for SARS-CoV-2. Phylogenetic analyses revealed Clade O and lineage B.6 known to be circulating in Singapore. We found saliva to be a sensitive and viable sample for COVID-19 diagnosis.
Auditory beat perception is related to speech output fluency in post-stroke aphasia
Authors: Stefaniak James D. , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. , De Dios Perez Blanca , Griffiths Timothy D. , Grube Manon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAphasia affects at least one third of stroke survivors, and there is increasing awareness that more fundamental deficits in auditory processing might contribute to impaired language performance in such individuals. We performed a comprehensive battery of psychoacoustic tasks assessing the perception of tone pairs and sequences across the domains of pitch, rhythm and timbre in 17 individuals with post-stroke aphasia and 17 controls. At the level of individual differences we demonstrated a correlation between metrical pattern (beat) perception and speech output fluency with strong effect (Spearman’s rho = 0.72). This dissociated from more basic auditory timing perception, which did not correlate with output fluency. This was also specific in terms of the language and cognitive measures, amongst which phonological, semantic and executive function did not correlate with beat detection. We interpret the data in terms of a requirement for the analysis of the metrical structure of sound to construct fluent output, with both being a function of higher-order “temporal scaffolding”. The beat perception task herein allows measurement of timing analysis without any need to account for motor output deficit, and could be a potential clinical tool to examine this. This work suggests strategies to improve fluency after stroke by training in metrical pattern perception.
Particle size and cholesterol content of circulating HDL correlate with cardiovascular death in chronic heart failure
Authors: Teis Albert , Cediel G. , Amigó N. , Julve J. , Aranyó J. , Andrés-Cordón J. , Puig-Jové C. , Castelblanco E. , Gual-Capllonch F. , Ferrer-Sistach E. , Vallejo N. , Juncà G. , López-Ayerbe J. , De Antonio M. , Domingo M. , Santiago-Vacas E. , Codina P. , Mauricio D. , Lupón J. , Alonso Nuria , Bayes-Genis A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEvidence regarding any association of HDL-particle (HDL-P) derangements and HDL-cholesterol content with cardiovascular (CV) death in chronic heart failure (HF) is lacking. To investigate the prognostic value of HDL-P size (HDL-Sz) and the number of cholesterol molecules per HDL-P for CV death in HF patients. Outpatient chronic HF patients were enrolled. Baseline HDL-P number, subfractions and HDL-Sz were measured using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The HDL-C/P ratio was calculated as HDL-cholesterol over HDL-P. Endpoint was CV death, with non-CV death as the competing event. 422 patients were included and followed-up during a median of 4.1 (0–8) years. CV death occurred in 120 (30.5%) patients. Mean HDL-Sz was higher in CV dead as compared with survivors (8.39 nm vs. 8.31 nm, p < 0.001). This change in size was due to a reduction in the percentage of small HDL-P (54.6% vs. 60% for CV-death vs. alive; p < 0.001). HDL-C/P ratio was higher in the CV-death group (51.0 vs. 48.3, p < 0.001). HDL-Sz and HDL-C/P ratio were significantly associated with CV death after multivariable regression analysis (HR 1.22 [95% CI 1.01–1.47], p = 0.041 and HR 1.04 [95% CI 1.01–1.07], p = 0.008 respectively). HDL-Sz and HDL-C/P ratio are independent predictors of CV death in chronic HF patients.
Identifications of immune-responsive genes for adaptative traits by comparative transcriptome analysis of spleen tissue from Kazakh and Suffolk sheep
Authors: Yang Hua , Yang Yong-Lin , Li Guo-Qing , Yu Qian , Yang Jinzeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAridity and heat are significant environmental stressors that affect sheep adaptation and adaptability, thus influencing immunity, growth, reproduction, production performance, and profitability. The aim of this study was to profile mRNA expression levels in the spleen of indigenous Kazakh sheep breed for comparative analysis with the exotic Suffolk breed. Spleen histomorphology was observed in indigenous Kazakh sheep and exotic Suffolk sheep raised in Xinjiang China. Transcriptome sequencing of spleen tissue from the two breeds were performed via Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology and validated by RT-qPCR. Blood cytokine and IgG levels differed between the two breeds and IgG and IL-1β were significantly higher in Kazakh sheep than in Suffolk sheep (p < 0.05), though spleen tissue morphology was the same. A total of 52.04 Gb clean reads were obtained and the clean reads were assembled into 67,271 unigenes using bioinformatics analysis. Profiling analysis of differential gene expression showed that 1158 differentially expressed genes were found when comparing Suffolk with Kazakh sheep, including 246 up-regulated genes and 912 down-regulated genes. Utilizing gene ontology annotation and pathway analysis, 21 immune- responsive genes were identified as spleen-specific genes associated with adaptive traits and were significantly enriched in hematopoietic cell lineage, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement and coagulation cascades, and in the intestinal immune network for IgA production. Four pathways and up-regulated genes associated with immune responses in indigenous sheep played indispensable and promoting roles in arid and hot environments. Overall, this study provides valuable transcriptome data on the immunological mechanisms related to adaptive traits in indigenous and exotic sheep and offers a foundation for research into adaptive evolution.
Transverse susceptibility of nickel thin films with uniaxial anisotropy
Authors: Mathews Scott A. , Musi Christopher , Charipar Nicholas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA finite temperature Stoner–Wohlfarth model has been used to calculate the transverse susceptibility of an ensemble of ferromagnetic particles with distributed anisotropy. The simulated transverse susceptibility is in excellent agreement with data acquired from thin film samples of elemental nickel, deposited on 128° Y-cut LiNb03. A strong, well-defined, uniaxial anisotropy is induced in the nickel film by low temperature annealing. Three peaks in the transverse susceptibility are observed in both the measured and simulated data when the applied field is misaligned with the hard axis by a few degrees. Two broad, reversible peaks occur when the applied field is equal to the anisotropy field. A single, sharp irreversible peak occurs when the absolute value of the applied field is less than the anisotropy field, and is associated with a metastable magnetic state. The irreversible peak disappears when the applied field is well aligned with the hard axis. The observed transverse susceptibility is consistent with the theoretical predictions of Aharoni et al.and is therefore consistent with the Stoner–Wohlfarth model.
Mutated clones driving leukemic transformation are already detectable at the single-cell level in CD34-positive cells in the chronic phase of primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Parenti Sandra , Rontauroli Sebastiano , Carretta Chiara , Mallia Selene , Genovese Elena , Chiereghin Chiara , Peano Clelia , Tavernari Lara , Bianchi Elisa , Fantini Sebastian , Sartini Stefano , Romano Oriana , Bicciato Silvio , Tagliafico Enrico , Della Porta Matteo , Manfredini Rossella 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDisease progression of myeloproliferative neoplasms is the result of increased genomic complexity. Since the ability to predict disease evolution is crucial for clinical decisions, we studied single-cell genomics and transcriptomics of CD34-positive cells from a primary myelofibrosis (PMF) patient who progressed to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) while receiving Ruxolitinib. Single-cell genomics allowed the reconstruction of clonal hierarchy and demonstrated that TET2 was the first mutated gene while FLT3 was the last one. Disease evolution was accompanied by increased clonal heterogeneity and mutational rate, but clones carrying TP53 and FLT3 mutations were already present in the chronic phase. Single-cell transcriptomics unraveled repression of interferon signaling suggesting an immunosuppressive effect exerted by Ruxolitinib. Moreover, AML transformation was associated with a differentiative block and immune escape. These results suggest that single-cell analysis can unmask tumor heterogeneity and provide meaningful insights about PMF progression that might guide personalized therapy.
Expressive Verb Morphology Deficits in Arabic-Speaking Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Taha Juhayna , Stojanovik Vesna , Pagnamenta Emma 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis study investigated the production of tense and subject–verb agreement in Palestinian Arabic–speaking children with developmental language disorder (DLD) in comparison to their typically developing (TD) peers in terms of (a) performance accuracy and (b) error patterns.MethodParticipants were 14 children with DLD aged 4;0–7;10 and 32 TD children aged 3;0–8;0 matched on nonverbal abilities. Children were asked to complete a picture-based verb elicitation task. The task was designed to measure the production accuracy of tense and subject–verb agreement inflections in Arabic.ResultsThe DLD group scored significantly lower than the TD group on the verb elicitation task. The DLD group was significantly less accurate than the TD group in marking tense, specifically present tense. They were also less accurate in marking agreement in general, with specific difficulty in using feminine verb forms. The DLD and TD groups differed in their tense error patterns, but not in agreement error patterns.ConclusionsThe acquisition of verb morphology in Palestinian Arabic–speaking children with DLD appears to be delayed and possibly different from their TD peers. The DLD group found the production of marked verb forms more challenging than less marked ones. These results are discussed in light of the structural characteristics of Arabic. Future studies would need to include larger sample sizes; investigate other aspects of verb morphology, including both production and comprehension; include other language domains; and consider longitudinal designs to provide more in-depth knowledge of Arabic language acquisition.
Blockchain‐assisted secure UAV communication in 6G environment: Architecture, opportunities, and challenges
Authors: Gupta Rajesh , Nair Anuja , Tanwar Sudeep , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFrom the past few years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has proved an immense potential in providing the cost and time‐efficient solutions to the various societal applications such as healthcare, supply chain, and video & surveillance. It has many data security and privacy issues, and researchers across the globe have given many solutions to protect data from cyber‐attacks. Many of them have suggested cryptographic‐based solutions, which is very compute extensive. Very few researchers have suggested Blockchain (BC)‐based solutions, but their solutions may suffer from high data storage cost as well as network latency, reliability, and bandwidth issues. To overcome the above‐mentioned issues, this paper proposed an InterPlanetary File System and BC‐based secure UAV communication scheme over the 6G network. This proposed scheme ensures data security and privacy, reduces data storage cost, and enhances network performance. Then, the research challenges and future directions for further improvement of the proposed system have been presented.
Survival in an extreme environment: Which is the closest globular cluster to the Galactic centre?
Authors: Minniti D. , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Smith L. C. , Lucas P. W. , Gómez M. , Pullen J. B. 
Published: February 2021

Context. Globular clusters (GCs) are interesting probes of the Milky Way, and can be used to test different dynamical galaxy-wide processes. In particular, the inner regions of the Galaxy pose important challenges for the long-term survival of GCs, as threatening effects like dynamical friction accelerate their demise.
Aims. Our main goal is to search for the closest known GC to the Galactic centre using the VVV ESO Public Survey near-infrared database.
Methods. We investigate recently published GC candidates in a region within 2.5° from the Galactic centre using the preliminary update to the VVV Infrared Astrometric Catalogue, point-spread function photometry, and proper motions. In particular, VVV-CL002 and VVV-CL003 are located at a projected angular distance of 1.1 and 1.7° from the Galactic centre, much closer in projection than all other previously known GCs.
Results. The colour–magnitude diagrams and luminosity functions for VVV-CL002 and VVV-CL003 exhibit well-defined red giant branches and red clump peaks, and provide confirmation that both objects are metal-rich GCs. We measure their mean proper motions and distances, estimate their total luminosities, and model the orbits. In particular, we obtain D = 8.6 ± 0.6 kpc and D = 13.2 ± 0.8 kpc for VVV-CL002 and VVV-CL003, respectively.
Conclusions. We conclude that VVV-CL002 is a low-luminosity bulge GC, whereas VVV-CL003 is a distant background GC. Also, VVV-CL002 is the closest known GC to the centre of the Galaxy. For this cluster, the effect of dynamical friction is minimised because of the large cluster velocity, V > 400 km s−1, allowing the long-term survival of this GC in such a high-stellar-density medium. Furthermore, this GC has traversed through the Galactic plane very recently (∼3.5 × 105 yr ago). There are many other GC candidates located within 2.5° of the Galactic centre that remain to be studied in detail: VVV-CL154, Camargo 1105, 1107, 1108, and 1109, and Minniti 20, 39, 40, 46, 47, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, and 60.
Wie lässt sich die praktische Ausbildung für ärztliche und pflegerische Einsteiger in der Endoskopie optimieren?
Authors: Engelke Monika , Schilling Dieter 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie praktische Ausbildung von Pflegenden, Medizinischen Fachangestellten (MFA), Operationstechnischen Assistenten (OTA) und Ärzten läuft in der Endoskopie zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt häufig mithilfe der klassischen Schulung am Arbeitsplatz im laufenden Programm. Der Artikel soll aufzeigen, welche Einschränkungen und Nachteile dadurch entstehen und welche Möglichkeiten es gibt, die Ausbildungssituation für alle Mitwirkenden sinnvoller und für den Patienten sicherer zu gestalten.
Endocannabinoidsystem und Stress
Authors: Spohrs Jennifer , Ulrich Martin , Abler Birgit 
Published: February 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas wissenschaftliche Interesse am Endocannabinoidsystem hat in den vergangenen Jahren aufgrund der zunehmenden Legalisierung von medizinischem Cannabis und seiner anxiolytischen Wirkung eine breite Basis von Tierexperimenten und erste translationale Studien zu biologischen, genetischen und neurobiologischen Befunden generiert. Besonders die modulatorische Rolle von Endocannabinoiden im Rahmen von Stress- und Angsterkrankungen steht im Vordergrund und weist auf mögliche Interventionspunkte hin, um vorhandene Therapien zu verbessern. Es fehlen jedoch weiterhin Erkenntnisse und Studien zur Wirkweise am Menschen, um die Implementierung dieser therapeutischen Anknüpfungspunkte umzusetzen. Die folgende Arbeit stellt eine Übersicht mit Schwerpunkt auf der Grundlagenforschung zum Endocannabinoidsystem im Rahmen von stressbezogenen Prozessen dar.
Traumatic Gallbladder Perforation in Children – Case Report and Review
Authors: Le Melanie Thanh Phuong , Herrmann Jochen , Groth Michael , Reinshagen Konrad , Boettcher Michael 
Published: February 2021

Background Gallbladder perforation is a very rare finding in children. Clinical and radiografic presentations are often vague. Hence it is a challenging diagnosis, often missed during initial evaluation with potentially fatal consequences. The aim of this case report and review was to identify factors that might help to diagnose and manage future cases.Methods We present a case of gallbladder perforation in an 8-year-old child after blunt abdominal trauma caused by a handlebar in which imaging modalities such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helped us to determine proper management. We identified and evaluated comparable cases for isolated traumatic gallbladder injury. A review of the recent literature was performed by online search in Pubmed and Google Scholar using “gallbladder injury in children”, “gallbladder perforation children”, “blunt abdominal trauma children” as keywords. We focused on articles exclusively in the pediatric section. The literature from the period 2000–2020 was taken into account to review the state of the art in diagnosis and management.Results and Conclusion Recent literature for gallbladder injury in pediatrics is sparse compared to the adult counterpart. Only eight published cases of isolated gallbladder injury in children were identified. Since the onset of symptoms may not develop acutely and often develops in an indistinct manner, radiografic examinations play an important role in the diagnostic progress. The authors advise caution in cases of blunt abdominal trauma especially involving handlebars, intraperitoneal free fluid, and severe abdominal pain. We advocate high suspicion of gallbladder perforation if the gallbladder wall displays discontinuation or cannot be definitively differentiated in sonografic examination. Echogenic fluid within the gallbladder should always lead to suspicion of intraluminal bleeding. Repeated clinical and imaging examinations are mandatory since the onset of signs and symptoms may be delayed.Key Points: Citation Format
Automatic, log file-based process analysis of a clinical 1.5T MR scanner: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Frydrychowicz Alex , Boppel Tobias , Sieber Victoria , Schmidt Joachim D. , Borgert Jörn , Schramm Peter , Barkhausen Jörg , Amthor Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Purpose In light of the steadily increasing need for economical efficacy and capacity utilization it was the aim of this proof-of-concept work to implement an automated logfile-based analysis tool for MRI scanner utilization and to establish a process analysis. As a primary step, analyses of scanner and protocol utilization, parametrization of protocol processes, their durations, age dependency, and scan efficacy were to be tested.
Materials and Methods Logfiles were continuously extracted from a 1.5 T MR scanner (Philips Achieva) and automatically explored for relevant scan parameters. Parameters were extracted into a database and logically combined to protocol parameters. Visualization was achieved using PowerBI (Microsoft, USA). Data aggregation comprised a day-based and protocol-based strategy. In addition, age- and regional-based testing was performed. The frequency of protocol usage was evaluated and those protocols with frequent usage compared regarding efficacy to those rarely used.
Results After successful technical implementation, 3659 MR exams were available for further analysis. Out of a plethora of parameters, those relevant to the understanding of the scan process were identified. The initial results mirror the daily scanner usage and allow identifying, e. g., shortened scanner usage on Fridays or longer examination times in children. A scan efficacy of 69.6 ± 17.6 % excluding preparation process was identified as a parameter with high potential to be optimized in daily routine.
Conclusion The logfile-based analysis of MR scanner processes was successfully introduced and holds the promise to be extended into a comprehensive analytic tool for the analysis and optimization of scanner processes. In combination with other variables from the departmental or institutional infrastructure or patient-specific information such tool may be developed into a intelligent steering tool.
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