bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital admission rate in children and adolescents with mild persistent asthma
Authors: Ponte Eduardo Vieira , Mingotti Cintia Fernanda Bertagni , Mamoni Ronei Luciano , Marchi Evaldo , Martinelli José Eduardo , de Menezes Marcelo Bezerra , Vianna Elcio dos Santos Oliveira , Cruz Álvaro Augusto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe health and financial burden of mild‐persistent asthma has been poorly investigated.ObjectiveOur aim was to compare the rate of hospital admissions that have occurred during the preceding year between children and adolescents with current mild‐persistent (MP) and moderate‐severe (MS) asthma.MethodsWe screened children and adolescents with asthma at eight outpatient clinics. The inclusion criteria were asthma diagnosis, age from 6 to 18 years and follow‐up with a physician during the preceding 6 months. Subjects answered standardized questionnaires and underwent spirometry.ResultsWe enrolled 220 MP and 102 MS asthmatic subjects. The proportion of subjects with HA during the preceding year was similar between MP and MS asthma groups (7% vs. 7%; p = .89). Symptoms score and the financial values spent by the family in the care of asthma were lower in MP asthma as compared with MS asthma group (asthma control questionnaire score 0.7 [0.3–1.0) vs. 2.0 [1.1–2.5]; p < .01) (asthma expenses in USD 13 [2–43] vs. 28 [10–83]; p < .01). The frequency of subjects using inhaled corticosteroids maintenance therapy was lower in the MP asthma group as compared with the MS asthma group (54% vs. 100%; p < .01).ConclusionWe conclude that the frequency of hospital admissions that have occurred during the preceding year was similar between subjects with current MP and MS asthma. Symptoms score and the financial values spent by the family in the care of asthma were lower in the MP asthma group.
The effect of Acapella trainer on respiratory function of patients after thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery
Authors: Lu Xinxin , Qiang Yan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Acapella training on respiratory function in patients undergoing video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS).MethodsA total of 60 patients undergoing VATS surgery for lung cancer in the department of thoracic Surgery of our hospital from August 2018 to February 2019 were selected as study subjects, and were divided into observation group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30) according to the random number table method. The control group received routine pulmonary rehabilitation exercise after surgery, and the patients in the observation group received postoperative respiratory function exercise with Acapella therapeutic apparatus on the basis of the control group. Respiratory function, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory capacity in the first second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and length of hospital stay, were observed and compared between the two groups before and after using Acapell trainer.ResultsThere was no significant difference in FEV1, FVC, and PEF between the two groups before treatment with Acapella (P >.05), the difference between the above indicators after treatment and before treatment was statistically significant (P <.05); After Acapella treatment, FEV1, FVC, and PEF were significantly different between the two groups (P = .04, P = .047, P = .047).The postoperative hospital stay in the experimental group was shorter than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P = .028).ConclusionAcapella trainer can improve patients' respiratory function and shorten postoperative hospital stay.
Quantitative systems pharmacology in neuroscience: Novel methodologies and technologies
Authors: Bloomingdale Peter , Karelina Tatiana , Cirit Murat , Muldoon Sarah F. , Baker Justin , McCarty William J. , Geerts Hugo , Macha Sreeraj 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe development and application of quantitative systems pharmacology models in neuroscience have been modest relative to other fields, such as oncology and immunology, which may reflect the complexity of the brain. Technological and methodological advancements have enhanced the quantitative understanding of brain physiology and pathophysiology and the effects of pharmacological interventions. To maximize the knowledge gained from these novel data types, pharmacometrics modelers may need to expand their toolbox to include additional mathematical and statistical frameworks. A session was held at the 10th annual American Conference on Pharmacometrics (ACoP10) to highlight several recent advancements in quantitative and systems neuroscience. In this mini‐review, we provide a brief overview of technological and methodological advancements in the neuroscience therapeutic area that were discussed during the session and how these can be leveraged with quantitative systems pharmacology modeling to enhance our understanding of neurological diseases. Microphysiological systems using human induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs), digital biomarkers, and large‐scale imaging offer more clinically relevant experimental datasets, enhanced granularity, and a plethora of data to potentially improve the preclinical‐to‐clinical translation of therapeutics. Network neuroscience methodologies combined with quantitative systems models of neurodegenerative disease could help bridge the gap between cellular and molecular alterations and clinical end points through the integration of information on neural connectomics. Additional topics, such as the neuroimmune system, microbiome, single‐cell transcriptomic technologies, and digital device biomarkers, are discussed in brief.
Fast uniform generation of random graphs with given degree sequences
Authors: Arman Andrii , Gao Pu , Wormald Nicholas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we provide an algorithm that generates a graph with given degree sequence uniformly at random. Provided that , where is the maximal degree and m is the number of edges, the algorithm runs in expected time O(m). Our algorithm significantly improves the previously most efficient uniform sampler, which runs in expected time for the same family of degree sequences. Our method uses a novel ingredient which progressively relaxes restrictions on an object being generated uniformly at random, and we use this to give fast algorithms for uniform sampling of graphs with other degree sequences as well. Using the same method, we also obtain algorithms with expected run time which is (i) linear for power‐law degree sequences in cases where the previous best was O(n4.081), and (ii) O(nd + d4) for d‐regular graphs when , where the previous best was O(nd3).
Cytosolic Delivery of Thiolated Mn‐cGAMP Nanovaccine to Enhance the Antitumor Immune Responses
Authors: Chen Chengyun , Tong Yuhong , Zheng Youshi , Shi Yingjun , Chen Zhaowei , Li Juan , Liu Xiaolong , Zhang Da , Yang Huanghao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs a stimulator of interferon gene (STING), cyclic dinucleotide activates a broad cellular immune response for anti‐cancer immunotherapy (CIT). However, the inherent of instability of 2′ 3′‐cyclic‐GMP‐AMP (cGAMP) with poor cellular targeting, rapid clearance, and inefficient transport to the cytoplasm seriously hinders cGAMP potency. Here, a thiolated and Mn2+ coordinated cyclic dinucleotide nanovaccine (termed as Mn‐cGAMP NVs) to enable direct cytosolic co‐delivery of cGAMP and Mn2+ to potentiate the antitumor immune response is presented. In the NVs, the fixation cGAMP with Mn2+ ions not only improve its stability, but also potentiate the activation of STING. Meanwhile, the presence of polysulfides on the NVs surface allowed direct cytosolic delivery while avoiding degradation. In this way, the production of cytokines for activating T cells immunity is greatly elevated, which in turn suppressed the primary and distal tumors growth through long‐term immune memory and led to long‐term survival of poorly immunogenic B16F10 melanoma mice. Moreover, by further combining with anti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody, synergistic T cells antitumor immune response is elicited. This work offers a promising strategy to enhance the potency of cGAMP, holding a considerable potential for CIT applications.
Intermolecular Interaction Control Enables Co‐optimization of Efficiency, Deformability, Mechanical and Thermal Stability of Stretchable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Qinglian , Xue Jingwei , Zhang Lu , Wen Jialun , Lin Baojun , Naveed Hafiz Bilal , Bi Zhaozhao , Xin Jingming , Zhao Heng , Zhao Chao , Zhou Ke , (Frank) Liu Shengzhong , Ma Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPromoting efficiency, deformability, and life expectancy of stretchable organic solar cells (OSCs) have always been key concerns that researchers are committed to solving. However, how to improve them simultaneously remains challenging, as morphology parameters, such as ordered molecular arrangement, beneficial for highly efficient devices actually limits mechanical stability and deformability. In this study, the unfavorable trade‐off among these properties has been reconciled in an all‐polymer model system utilizing a mechanically deformable guest component. The success of this strategy stems from introducing a highly ductile component without compromising the pristine optimized morphology. Preferable interaction between two donors can maintain the fiber‐like structure while enhancing the photocurrent to improve efficiency. Morphology evolution detected via grazing incidence X‐ray scattering and in situ UV–vis absorption spectra during stretching have verified the critical role of strengthened interaction on stabilizing morphology against external forces. The strengthened interaction also benefits thermal stability, enabling the ternary films with small efficiency degradation after heating 1500 h under 80 °C. This work highlights the effect of morphology evolution on mechanical stability and provides new insights from the view of intermolecular interaction to fabricate highly efficient, stable, and stretchable/wearable OSCs.
Optimization of Extraction Technology, Structure, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa
Authors: Zhao Hou‐kuan , Wei Xian‐yong , Xie Yi‐min 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUsing DMSO as solvent, ultrasonic‐assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa is studied. The effects of different extraction conditions on the yield of polysaccharides are investigated. The optimal extraction conditions are found by a Box‐Behnken design. The results showed that the yield of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide can reach 6.94% under the following conditions: liquid–solid ratio of 33.8 mL g‐1, ultrasonic power of 104.6 W, extraction temperature of 35.6°C, and extraction time of 4.7 h. The structure of the polysaccharides is investigated by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and methylation. The purified polysaccharides are found to have good antioxidant activity in vitro.
Recent progress in thick‐film organic photovoltaic devices: Materials, devices, and processing
Authors: Zhang Difei , Fan Baobing , Ying Lei , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J. , Huang Fei , Cao Yong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA successful transfer of organic photovoltaic technologies from lab to fab has to overcome a range of critical challenges such as developing high‐mobility light‐harvesting materials, minimizing the upscaling losses, designing advanced solar modules, controlling film quality, decreasing overall cost, and extending long‐operation lifetime. To realize large‐area devices toward practical applications, much effort has been devoted to understanding the fundamental mechanism of how molecular structures, device architectures, interfacial engineering, and light management and carrier dynamics affect photovoltaic performance. Such studies addressed various fundamental issues of charge carrier behavior in organic heterojunctions primarily in terms of exciton generation dependence upon light incidence, charge transportation dependence on built‐in electric field, and charge extraction versus recombination. In consideration of high‐throughput roll‐to‐roll process for large‐scale fabrication of organic photovoltaic devices, it is highly appreciable to realize high power conversion efficiencies that are highly tolerable to the film thickness. Herein we summarize the recent progress in developing thick‐film organic photovoltaic devices from the perspective of efficiency‐loss mechanisms, material design, and device optimization strategies, proposing guidelines for designing high‐efficiency thickness‐insensitive devices toward mass production.
Clinoptilolite and iron sorption/desorption under multiple pH conditions: Testing a substrate for passive treatment of acidic, iron‐rich solutions
Authors: Langman Jeff B. , Sandlin Wes R. , Waynant Kris , Traver‐Greene Michael , Moberly James G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEquilibrium sorption and desorption experiments were conducted with clinoptilolite to evaluate the potential sorption/desorption of iron during different pH conditions. Sorption experiments indicated a partitioning of 0% to 17% of the iron in solution given pH of 2 to 4. The pH 2 solution was able to desorb 70% of the iron that was captured from a pH 3 solution. The largest desorption and sorption of iron and corresponding pH represent the end points of iron capture primarily by sorption/exchange. These endpoints are the estimated pHpzcof 2.5 and the initial precipitation point of iron(II) at pH ~3.5. This acidity range is where clinoptilolite is able to capture iron without precipitation or the occurrence of full surface protonation. The inability of the highest acidity to remove all sorbed iron represents the greater bound iron that will not readily desorb with a change in pH. This retained iron creates a metastable state of the clinoptilolite that has a lower sorption capacity but reflects the ability of clinoptilolite to retain a sorbed transition metal with changes in pH. As pH varies, clinoptilolite may evolve in a sequence of metastable states reflective of its ability to capture or retain metals.Practitioner pointsClinoptilolite is a capable reactive substrate, but its sorption/exchange effectiveness at low and variable pH and ability to retain captured metals was unknown.Clinoptilolite retains its metal capture properties to a pH of 2.5 where surface protonation and mineral degradation likely occurs.The ability of clinoptilolite to retain captured iron under greater acidity reflects an evolution of its sorption/retention capacity.
The electroelastic fields inside and outside a piezoelectric parabolic inclusion with uniform eigenstrains and eigenelectric fields
Authors: Wang Xu , Schiavone Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUsing the Stroh octet formalism, we obtain the electroelastic fields in an infinite homogeneous piezoelectric medium containing a parabolic Eshelby inclusion undergoing uniform eigenstrains and eigenelectric fields. We prove that the internal electroelastic field defining stresses, total strains, electric displacements, total electric fields and rigid‐body rotation inside the parabolic inclusion is uniform. The internal uniform electroelastic field is expressed explicitly in terms of the reduced generalized compliances and the imposed eigenstrains and eigenelectric fields. The decaying non‐uniform electroelastic field in the exterior of the parabolic inclusion is also obtained.
Reduced Variable Neighbourhood Search for the Generation of Controlled Circular Data
Authors: Consoli Sergio , Perrotta Domenico , Turchi Marco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA number of artificial intelligence and machine learning problems need to be formulated within a directional space, where classical Euclidean geometry does not apply or needs to be readjusted into the circle. This is typical, for example, in computational linguistics and natural language processing, where language models based on Bag-of-Words, Vector Space, or Word Embedding, are largely used for tasks like document classification, information retrieval and recommendation systems, among others. In these contexts, for assessing document clustering and outliers detection applications, it is often necessary to generate data with directional properties and units that follow some model assumptions and possibly form close groups. In the following we propose a Reduced Variable Neighbourhood Search heuristic which is used to generate high-dimensional data controlled by the desired properties aimed at representing several real-world contexts. The whole problem is formulated as a non-linear continuous optimization problem, and it is shown that the proposed Reduced Variable Neighbourhood Search is able to generate high-dimensional solutions to the problem in short computational time. A comparison with the state-of-the-art local search routine used to address this problem shows the greater efficiency of the approach presented here.
Examining axion-like particles with superconducting radio-frequency cavity
Authors: Salnikov Dmitry , Satunin Petr , Kirpichnikov D. V. , Fitkevich Maxim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We address production of massive axion-like particles by two electromagnetic modes inside a superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cylindrical cavity. We discuss in detail the choice of pump modes and cavity design. We numerically compute time-averaged energy density of produced axion field for various cavity modes and wide range of axion masses. This allows us to estimate optimal conditions for axion production within a cavity. In addition, we consider photon regeneration process initiated by produced axion field in a screened radio-frequency cavity and derive constraints in parameter space (gaγγ, ma) for different choice of pump modes.
Altered sensory innervation and pain hypersensitivity in a model of young painful arthritic joints: short- and long-term effects
Authors: La Hausse De Lalouviere Luke , Morice Oscar , Fitzgerald Maria 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Early life experience can cause long-term alterations in the nociceptive processes underlying chronic pain, but the consequences of early life arthritic joint inflammation upon the sensory innervation of the joint is not known. Here, we measure pain sensitivity and sensory innervation in a young, juvenile and adult rodent model of arthritic joints and test the consequences of joint inflammation in young animals upon adult arthritic pain and joint innervation.

Methods
Unilateral ankle joint injections of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) (6−20 µl) were performed in young, postnatal day (P)8, adolescent (P21) and adult (P40) rats. A separate cohort of animals were injected at P8, and again at P40. Hindpaw mechanical sensitivity was assessed using von Frey monofilaments (vF) for 10 days. Nerve fibres were counted in sections through the ankle joint immunostained for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and neurofilament 200 kDa (NF200).

Results
Ankle joint CFA injection increased capsular width at all ages. Significant mechanical pain hypersensitivity and increased number of joint CGRP + ve sensory fibres occurred in adolescent and adult, but not young, rats. Despite the lack of acute reaction, joint inflammation at a young age resulted in significantly increased pain hypersensitivity and CGRP+ fibre counts when the rats were re-inflamed as adults.

Conclusions
Joint inflammation increases the sensory nociceptive innervation and induces acute pain hypersensitivity in juvenile and adult, but not in young rats. However, early life joint inflammation ‘primes’ the joint such that adult inflammatory pain behaviour and nociceptive nerve endings in the joint are significantly increased. Early life joint inflammation may be an important factor in the generation and maintenance of chronic arthritic pain.
Politische Kindermedizin
Authors: Popow C. , Püspök R. , Tatzer E. , Gobara S. , Jürgenssen O. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie „Politische Kindermedizin“ ist ein Projekt engagierter KindermedizinerInnen, die Missstände und Fehlentwicklungen in der Kindermedizin analysieren, bewerten und aufzeigen, Lösungsvorschläge erarbeiten und diese an die Politik herantragen. Ziel war und ist es, im Sinne von „patient advocacy“ eine Verbesserung der pädiatrischen Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen zu erreichen. Geschichte und Anliegen der Initiative „Politische Kindermedizin“ werden von 1997 bis heute dargestellt.
Could you hate a robot? And does it matter if you could?
Authors: Ryland Helen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article defends two claims. First, humans could be in relationships characterised by hate with some robots. Second, it matters that humans could hate robots, as this hate could wrong the robots (by leaving them at risk of mistreatment, exploitation, etc.). In defending this second claim, I will thus be accepting that morally considerable robots either currently exist, or will exist in the near future, and so it can matter (morally speaking) how we treat these robots. The arguments presented in this article make an important original contribution to the robo-philosophy literature, and particularly the literature on human–robot relationships (which typically only consider positive relationship types, e.g., love, friendship, etc.). Additionally, as explained at the end of the article, my discussions of robot hate could also have notable consequences for the emerging robot rights movement. Specifically, I argue that understanding human–robot relationships characterised by hate could actually help theorists argue for the rights of robots.
A human stem cell-derived test system for agents modifying neuronal N-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptor Ca2+-signalling
Authors: Klima Stefanie , Brüll Markus , Spreng Anna-Sophie , Suciu Ilinca , Falt Tjalda , Schwamborn Jens C. , Waldmann Tanja , Karreman Christiaan , Leist Marcel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMethods to assess neuronal receptor functions are needed in toxicology and for drug development. Human-based test systems that allow studies on glutamate signalling are still scarce. To address this issue, we developed and characterized pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based neural cultures capable of forming a functional network. Starting from a stably proliferating neuroepithelial stem cell (NESC) population, we generate “mixed cortical cultures” (MCC) within 24 days. Characterization by immunocytochemistry, gene expression profiling and functional tests (multi-electrode arrays) showed that MCC contain various functional neurotransmitter receptors, and in particular, the N-methyl-d-aspartate subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDA-R). As this important receptor is found neither on conventional neural cell lines nor on most stem cell-derived neurons, we focused here on the characterization of rapid glutamate-triggered Ca2+ signalling. Changes of the intracellular free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured by fluorescent imaging as the main endpoint, and a method to evaluate and quantify signals in hundreds of cells at the same time was developed. We observed responses to glutamate in the low µM range. MCC responded to kainate and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), and a subpopulation of 50% had functional NMDA-R. The receptor was modulated by Mg2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ in the expected ways, and various toxicologically relevant agonists (quinolinic acid, ibotenic acid, domoic acid) triggered [Ca2+]i responses in MCC. Antagonists, such as phencyclidine, ketamine and dextromethorphan, were also readily identified. Thus, the MCC developed here may fill an important gap in the panel of test systems available to characterize the effects of chemicals on neurotransmitter receptors.