bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nivolumab exposure–response analysis for adjuvant treatment of melanoma supporting a change in posology
Authors: Sanghavi Kinjal , Vuppala Pradeep , Ivaturi Vijay , Hamuro Lora , Roy Amit , Suryawanshi Satyendra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNivolumab monotherapy is approved as adjuvant treatment for melanoma based on results from the pivotal CheckMate 238 trial. We present a model‐based, benefit–risk assessment of nivolumab in adjuvant melanoma supporting a posology change from a weight‐based to a less frequent, flat‐dosing regimen. The exposure–response (E–R) relationship for efficacy was evaluated using recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) end points from the CheckMate 238 trial. The E–R for safety was evaluated using data from 14 studies across a broad range of doses in several tumor types using grade 3+ adverse event (AE) and grade 2+ immune‐mediated AE (IMAE) end points. Nivolumab trough exposures were not significant predictors of RFS or DMFS. Covariates significantly associated with increased risk of disease recurrence or death were programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1; less than 5% cutoff), lower baseline lactate dehydrogenase, and higher age. Covariates associated with increased risk of distant metastasis or death were PD‐L1 (less than 5% cutoff) and higher age. Higher nivolumab maximum concentration after first dose (Cmax1) was significantly associated with grade 2+ IMAEs, but not grade 3+ AEs. The risk of grade 3+ AEs was significantly lower in adjuvant versus advanced melanoma. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status higher than zero was associated with higher incidences of grade 2+ IMAEs and grade 3+ AEs. Female patients had significantly higher incidences of grade 2+ IMAEs than male patients. Nivolumab monotherapy in adjuvant melanoma demonstrated a relatively flat E–R relationship over the range of exposures produced by 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks and predicted a comparable benefit–risk profile to flat‐dosing regimens.
Saturated fatty acids accelerate linear motility through mitochondrial ATP production in bull sperm
Authors: Islam Md. Mazharul , Umehara Takashi , Tsujita Natsumi , Shimada Masayuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeThe present study was undertaken to clarify whether bovine sperm could take up fatty acids (FAs) and produce ATP to maintain linear motility.MethodsFrozen bovine semen was thawed in media containing either lipid mixture (LM) or FAs, and sperm motility was analyzed. The kinetic changes in FA levels in sperm were detected using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The mitochondrial activity of sperm thawed in media containing LM or FAs was analyzed based on the fluorescence intensity of JC‐1 staining and the oxygen consumption rate. FA transporters were observed using whole‐mounted immunofluorescence.ResultsSperm linear motility was significantly (P < .05) increased after thawing in media with LM and FA. Moreover, saturated fatty acids were predominant in sperm thawed in media with LM. Notably, our study revealed that frozen bovine sperm possessed FA transporters in the midpiece where the fluorescence signals were detected after treatment with fluorescence‐tagged FA. Treatment with FA activated electron transport in mitochondria through β‐oxidation.ConclusionsSperm linear motility is facilitated by FAs in the thawing media used for frozen bovine sperm. This might provide a new approach for upgrading the artificial insemination technique used in both livestock animals and human infertility care.
Natural resources abundance, economic globalization, and carbon emissions: Advancing sustainable development agenda
Authors: Xiaoman Wu , Majeed Abdul , Vasbieva Dinara G. , Yameogo Claire Emilienne Wati , Hussain Nazim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe high pace of economic growth has posed many challenges. These challenges include depletion of natural resources, globalization challenges, and environmental degradation. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) economies are rich in mineral resources. Economic globalization has put the MENA countries in the spotlight for the developed world. Despite the status of being a hotspot for mineral resource richness, there is limited research on the effect of natural resources and economic globalization on the environmental degradation of the MENA countries. This paper examines the effects of natural resource abundance and economic globalization on environmental quality by considering trade openness, urbanization, and economic growth from the year 1980 to 2018. We apply second‐generation panel cointegration techniques along with continuously updated fully modified (Cup‐FM) and continuously updated bias‐corrected (Cup‐BC) techniques. The findings show that natural resource abundance significantly improves environmental quality. Likewise, economic globalization also mitigates emissions levels in the MENA countries. In contrast, trade openness, urbanization, and economic growth significantly deteriorate environmental quality. The unidirectional link indicates natural resources and economic globalization create trade openness. The paper provides novel empirical evidence and policy recommendations for sustainable development goals.
Stress and COVID‐19 related behaviours: The mediating role of delay discounting
Authors: DeAngelis Briana N. , Ben Salah Arwa , al'Absi Mustafa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe examined stress as a predictor of behaviours related to Coronavirus Disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) through its effects on delay discounting. Adults (N = 3686) completed an online survey with a behavioural measure of delay discounting and questions regarding stress, physical distancing, and stockpiling of food and supplies. Stress was weakly, but positively, correlated with delay discounting (p < 0.01). Delay discounting was positively correlated with stockpiling (p < 0.01); and discounting was negatively correlated with physical distancing (p < 0.01). Mediation models indicated that discounting was a significant mediator of the relationship between stress and physical distancing (−0.003) and stockpiling (0.003); bootstrap 95% CIs (−0.006, −0.001) and (0.001, 0.005), respectively. After accounting for its indirect effects through discounting, stress continued to have a direct effect on these outcomes. This study indicates that delay discounting partially mediates the link between stress and behaviours related to COVID‐19. Results suggest that interventions reducing stress and/or delay discounting may be profitable for increasing infection prevention and reducing stockpiling.
Mandibular metastasis of a prostatic carcinoma in a dog
Authors: Michalak Sarah R. , Woerde Dennis J. , Wilson Sabrina S. , Alonso Flavio H. , Hardy Brian T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSkeletal metastasis is a common finding in dogs with prostatic carcinoma and most frequently involves the lumbar vertebrae and pelvis. In the present report, we describe the case of a prostatic carcinoma in a 6‐year‐old Labrador retriever, who developed apparent oral sensitivity and pain within a week of initial diagnosis. Computed tomography of the skull revealed a mixed osteoproductive and osteolytic mass of the condylar process of the left mandible, and cytologic evaluation of the mass was consistent with metastatic prostatic carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of mandibular metastasis of a prostatic carcinoma in a dog.
Evaluation of dried papaya pomace meal in laying hen diets
Authors: Tamiru Bogale , Alkhtib Ashraf , Tamiru Metekia , Demeke Solomon , Burton Emily , Tolemariam Taye , Debela Lemessa , Janssens Geert P. J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the search for alternative feed resources for laying hens, papaya pomace is available as industrial by‐product but information on its nutritive value is lacking. Dried papaya pomace was included in a common laying hen diet at 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% to evaluate its effect on egg production performance, egg quality and general health parameters in Bovan brown layers. For every inclusion level, three cages with ten 20‐week‐old layers were used, making a total of 120 hens. The effect of dried papaya pomace inclusion on egg production, egg quality and general health parameters was evaluated. Dried papaya pomace inclusion improved egg production and laying by 6.15% and 17% respectively, while it significantly decreased feed conversion ratio by 7.5%. Eggshell weight, thickness and strength of PP5 were higher than the control by 0.3 g, 0.8 mm and 0.43 kg/cm2, respectively. There was a significant improvement in albumin weight (by 1.5 g/L), albumin height (2.1 mm), yolk weight (0.4 g/L), yolk height (0.4 mm), yolk colour (4.4 points) and Haugh unit (8 points) due to PP5 treatment. Inclusion of papaya pomace at a level of 7.5% of layers diet had negative effect on Egg production, feed conversion ratio and interior and exterior egg quality traits. Inclusion of papaya pomace affected significantly serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum low density lipoprotein, serum high density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and white blood cell count. However, all blood traits of the experimental animals were within the normal ranges reported for layers. Inclusion of papaya pomace in 5% of layers commercial diets improves egg production and quality without negative impact on health while decreasing feeding cost.
Origins and Consequences of Market Citizenship
Authors: Ark-Yıldırım Ceren , Smyrl Marc 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we establish the historical context needed to understand the place of cash transfer in contemporary market-enhancing social policy. To this end we outline the circumstances that led to the establishment of the twentieth-century regime of “industrial citizenship,” to growing criticism of it, and finally to the rise to prominence of a competing model, labeled (largely by its opponents) as “market citizenship.” We pay considerable attention at each step to the social and philosophical debates that surrounded this evolution, trying to understand not just how one citizenship regime was challenged and partially replaced by another, but why.
QGP modification to single inclusive jets in a calibrated transport model
Authors: Ke Weiyao , Wang Xin-Nian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study inclusive jet suppression and modifications in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) with a transport-based model. The model includes vacuum-like parton shower evolution at high-virtuality, a linearized transport for jet-medium interactions, and a simple ansatz for the jet-induced hydrodynamic response of the medium. Model parameters are calibrated to nuclear modification factors for inclusive hadron $$ {R}_{AA}^h $$

R
AA
h

and single inclusive jets $$ {R}_{AA}^j $$

R
AA
j

with cone size R = 0.4 in 0–10% central Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions measured at the RHIC and LHC. The calibrated model consistently describes the cone-size dependent $$ {R}_{AA}^j $$

R
AA
j

(R), modifications to inclusive jet fragmentation functions and jet shape. We discuss the origin of these modifications by analyzing the medium-induced jet energy flow in this model and elucidate the interplay of hard parton evolution and jet-induced medium response. In particular, we demonstrate that the excess of soft hadrons at pT∼ 2 GeV/c in jet fragmentation function and jet shape at large $$ r=\sqrt{\Delta {\eta}^2+\Delta {\phi}^2} $$
r
=

Δ

η
2

+
Δ

ϕ
2

are consequences of both soft medium-induced gluon radiation and jet-induced medium excitation.
Singularities of Solutions of Hamilton–Jacobi Equations
Authors: Cannarsa Piermarco , Cheng Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis is a survey paper on the quantitative analysis of the propagation of singularities for the viscosity solutions to Hamilton–Jacobi equations in the past decades. We also review further applications of the theory to various fields such as Riemannian geometry, Hamiltonian dynamical systems and partial differential equations.
The impact of loco-regional anaesthesia on postoperative opioid use in elderly hip fracture patients: an observational study
Authors: Häusler Gioia , van der Vet Puck C. R. , Beeres Frank J. P. , Kaufman Thomas , Kusen Jip Q. , Poblete Beate 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeHip fractures are a common health problem among the elderly with an increasing incidence. They are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Optimal pain management remains challenging and inadequate pain control is known for negatively affecting outcomes. Loco-regional anaesthetics (LRA) have been proven to benefit pain management and to lower the risks of opioid use and -related side effects. We aimed to evaluate the use and efficacy of different LRA in elderly hip fracture patients.MethodsSingle-center cohort study of elderly hip fracture patients, who were treated in central Switzerland. We compared patients who received LRA in the form of a femoral nerve block (FNB) or a continuous femoral nerve catheter (CFNC) with patients who did not receive LRA. Primary outcomes were pain—as measured in perioperative morphine use—hospital length of stay (HLOS), postoperative complications, postoperative falls and mortality.Results407 patients were included for analysis. Mean age was 85.2 (SD6.3). There was a significant difference in intraoperative morphine use between the groups (p = 0.007). Postoperative morphine use differed significantly and was lowest in patients with FNB and highest in patients without LRA (p < 0.001). The use of LRA was a significant predictor for postoperative morphine use for postoperative morphine use at the recovery room and for postoperative morphine use 48 h after surgery. No significant differences were found in postoperative complications, a significant difference was found in 1-year mortality.ConclusionsThis article shows that LRA in the form of FNB and CFNC causes a significant decrease in postoperative opioid consumption. Differences between single-shot FNB or CFNC were minimal. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes such as HLOS, delirium, 30-day and 90-day mortality and postoperative falls. We suggest that use of LRA should be incorporated in the perioperative treatment of elderly patients with a hip fracture. For future research, we recommend evaluating the number of postoperative complications and mortality.
Genome-wide identification of loci modifying spike-branching in tetraploid wheat
Authors: Wolde Gizaw M. , Schreiber Mona , Trautewig Corinna , Himmelbach Axel , Sakuma Shun , Mascher Martin , Schnurbusch Thorsten 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Key message
Genetic modification of spike architecture is essential for improving wheat yield. Newly identified loci for the ‘Miracle wheat’ phenotype on chromosomes 1AS and 2BS have significant effects on spike traits.

Abstract
The wheat (Triticum ssp.) inflorescence, also known as a spike, forms an unbranched inflorescence in which the inflorescence meristem generates axillary spikelet meristems (SMs) destined to become sessile spikelets. Previously, we identified the putatively causative mutation in the branched headt (bht) gene (TtBH-A1) of tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum convar. compositum (L.f.) Filat.) responsible for the loss of SM identity, converting the non-branching spike to a branched wheat spike. In the current study, we performed whole-genome quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using 146 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between spike-branching wheat (‘Miracle wheat’) and an elite durum wheat cultivar showing broad phenotypic variation for spike architecture. Besides the previously found gene at the bht-A1 locus on the short arm of chromosome 2A, we also mapped two new modifier QTL for spike-branching on the short arm of chromosome 1A, termed bht-A2, and 2BS. Using biparental mapping population and GWAS in 302 diverse accessions, the 2BS locus was highly associated with coding sequence variation found at the homoeo-allele of TtBH-B1 (bht-B1). Thus, RILs that combined both bht-A1 and bht-B1 alleles showed additive genetic effects leading to increased penetrance and expressivity of the supernumerary spikelet and/or mini-spike formation.
Forensische DNA-Methylierungsanalyse
Authors: Holländer Olivia , Schwender Kristina , Böhme Petra , Fleckhaus Jan , Haas Cordula , Han Yang , Heidorn Frank , Klein-Unseld Rachel , Lichtenwald Julia , Naue Jana , Neubauer Jacqueline , Poetsch Micaela , Schneider Peter M. , Wagner Wolfgang , Vennemann Marielle ,   Arbeitsgemeinschaft Molekulare Altersschätzung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rechtsmedizin (DGRM), Böhme Petra , Fleckhaus Jan , Haas Cordula , Han Yang , Heidorn Frank , Holländer Olivia , Klein-Unseld Rachel , Lichtenwald Julia , Naue Jana , Neubauer Jacqueline , Poetsch Micaela , Schneider Peter M. , Schwender Kristina , Vennemann Marielle , Wagner Wolfgang 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie quantitative Analyse der relativen DNA-Methylierung gilt als eine der vielversprechendsten Methoden der molekularen Altersschätzung. Viele Studien der letzten Jahre identifizierten geeignete Positionen im Genom, deren DNA-Methylierung sich altersabhängig verändert. Für den Einsatz dieser Methode in der Routine- bzw. Fallarbeit ist es von großer Bedeutung, angewandte Analysetechniken zu validieren. Als ein Teilaspekt dieser Validierung sollte die Vergleichbarkeit der Analyseergebnisse zur DNA-Methylierung mithilfe der Mini- und Pyrosequenzierung zwischen verschiedenen Laboren evaluiert werden. Die Arbeitsgruppe „Molekulare Altersschätzung“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rechtsmedizin (DGRM) führte hierzu den ersten, technischen Ringversuch durch, der 4 Positionen in den Genen PDE4C, EDARADD, SST und KLF14 umfasste. Diese Marker waren in vorangegangenen Studien als altersabhängige Biomarker charakterisiert worden. Am Ringversuch nahmen 12 Labore teil, wobei jedes die Wahl zwischen der Minisequenzierung und/oder der Pyrosequenzierung für die quantitative Methylierungsanalyse hatte. Jedem teilnehmenden Labor wurden Blut- und Speichelproben von 3 Personen unterschiedlichen Alters übersandt. Die Wahl der Reagenzien für die Probenbearbeitung wurde den Teilnehmern freigestellt.Die Ergebnisse der Minisequenzierung zeigten systematische Abweichungen zwischen den Laboren, die am ehesten auf die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Reagenzien und Analyseplattformen zurückzuführen sein können. Die Resultate der Pyrosequenzierung hingegen wiesen nicht auf systematische Abweichungen zwischen den Laboren hin, hier zeigte sich jedoch die Tendenz einer markerabhängigen Abweichung. Darüber hinaus konnten Unterschiede hinsichtlich technischer Probleme zwischen Laboren mit mehr Erfahrung in der jeweiligen Sequenzierungsmethode und Laboren mit weniger Erfahrung festgestellt werden. Sowohl die Beobachtung von systematischen als auch die von markerabhängigen Abweichungen lässt den Schluss zu, dass eine Übertragung von Analysemethoden zwischen Laboren grundsätzlich möglich ist, eine Anpassung des jeweiligen Modells zur Altersschätzung jedoch notwendig sein kann.
On the Determinant Problem for the Relativistic Boltzmann Equation
Authors: Chapman James , Jang Jin Woo , Strain Robert M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article considers a long-outstanding open question regarding the Jacobian determinant for the relativistic Boltzmann equation in the center-of-momentum coordinates. For the Newtonian Boltzmann equation, the center-of-momentum coordinates have played a large role in the study of the Newtonian non-cutoff Boltzmann equation, in particular we mention the widely used cancellation lemma [1]. In this article we calculate specifically the very complicated Jacobian determinant, in ten variables, for the relativistic collision map from the momentum p to the post collisional momentum $$p'$$

p
′

; specifically we calculate the determinant for $$p\mapsto u = \theta p'+\left( 1-\theta \right) p$$

p
↦
u
=
θ

p
′

+

1
-
θ

p

for $$\theta \in [0,1]$$

θ
∈
[
0
,
1
]

. Afterwards we give an upper-bound for this determinant that has no singularity in both p and q variables. Next we give an example where we prove that the Jacobian goes to zero in a specific pointwise limit. We further explain the results of our numerical study which shows that the Jacobian determinant has a very large number of distinct points at which it is machine zero. This generalizes the work of Glassey-Strauss (1991) [8] and Guo-Strain (2012) [12]. These conclusions make it difficult to envision a direct relativistic analog of the Newtonian cancellation lemma in the center-of-momentum coordinates.
Patient perspectives on the British Columbia Biosimilars Initiative: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Chew Caitlin , Aguiar Magda , Bansback Nick , Law Michael R. , Harrison Mark 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn May 2019, the Government of British Columbia (BC) announced the implementation of the Biosimilars Initiative, mandating the switch of biologic (originator) drugs to biosimilars for certain patient populations in the hopes of optimizing public resources. Through this qualitative study, we aimed to identify patients’ perspectives as they undergo this change. From October 2019 to July 2020, we conducted nine pre- and six post-switch to biosimilar interviews with BC, English speaking participants, who were 18 years or older, and were currently taking a biologic medication. Participants were interviewed pre- and post-switch to a biosimilar medication and interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for qualitative analysis. Interviews were thematically analysed and major themes and sub-categories were elucidated. The themes derived from pre and post-switch interviews captured participants’ anticipated or experienced barriers and enablers to the policy change. In general, the fears and apprehension of participants approaching the switch, including concerns surrounding the efficacy and safety of biosimilars, were addressed by their rheumatologist and social support circles. For the most part, participants were able to successfully manage their disease regardless of their baseline concerns about efficacy and safety. Experiences of changes in health delivery models were also observed secondary to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic amongst participants. This study is the first of its kind to characterize the patient perspective regarding the BC Biosimilars Initiative. The incorporation of the patient perspective, including adequate provider-patient communication and shared decision-making can help to inform future non-medical switching policy changes.