bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studi Analisa Kalman Filter Sebagai State Estimator Untuk Meningkatkan Akurasi Pengukuran Kecepatan Motor DC
Authors: Sujoto Ivan Sutresno Hadi , Sutiksno Hari 
Published: April 2021

State estimator merupakan sebuah teknik yang digunakan untuk mengestimasi besarnya suatu sinyal dari suatu data yang telah tercampur dengan noise. Noise tersebut dapat terjadi pada proses di dalam suatu plant (motor DC) maupun pada pembacaan oleh sensor, yang menyebabkan nilai yang sesungguhnya dari suatu sinyal tidak dapat diketahui dengan akurat. Sinyal yang tercampur dengan noise tersebut dapat direduksi dengan berbagai cara, di antaranya adalah dengan menggunakan Kalman Filter. Kalman Filter merupakan sebuah state estimator yang merupakan filter linier terbaik (bila semua syarat terpenuhi) dengan menggunakan konsep Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE).
Dalam tugas akhir ini akan diuji coba dan diamati manfaat Kalman Filter untuk mengestimasi nilai kecepatan motor DC yang sesungguhnya bila sistem tersebut bekerja pada kondisi yang bernoise. Sebagai pembanding, dalam tugas akhir ini akan diuji coba juga teknik pemfilteran data yang lain untuk dibandingkan performansinya terhadap Kalman Filter.
Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan program Matlab dengan cara memberikan noise ke dalam sistem. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa Kalman Filter mampu mereduksi error pada pengukuran kecepatan motor DC hingga kurang dari 0.5 rad/sec hanya dalam waktu 0.025 detik.
« Taxer la richesse ! »
Authors: Baloge Martin 
Published: April 2021

Cet article, basé sur des entretiens, des observations et l’analyse de documents officiels, étudie la contribution des partis allemands à l’élaboration des politiques publiques fiscales. L’analyse des propositions d’un nouvel impôt sur la fortune par certains partis de gauche entre 2010 et 2017 permet de comprendre pourquoi ces organisations s’apparentent à des espaces d’intermédiation entre élus et acteurs extra-partisans. L’analyse se concentre à la fois sur les propriétés d’élus intervenant dans ces processus d’intermédiation et sur les effets des structures partisanes caractérisées par l’institutionnalisation des intérêts sociaux au sein d’organisations intrapartisanes. Nous constatons que les partis allemands parviennent à se présenter comme des forums politiques où s’élaborent à la fois des dispositifs fiscaux et des prises de position face aux politiques publiques engagées par leurs adversaires.
La fabrique des biens programmatiques au parti socialiste
Authors: Cos Rafaël 
Published: April 2021

La manière dont les partis dits « de gouvernement » anticipent le fait d’avoir à conduire des réformes d’action publique constitue un angle mort de la littérature. En croisant l’exploitation d’archives et de données prosopographiques avec des entretiens conduits auprès de cadres du Parti socialiste et des « experts » ayant collaboré avec celui-ci, cet article explore les dimensions du travail programmatique partisan. En interrogeant la manière dont les politiques publiques s’articulent aux objectifs, contraintes et ressources d’une entreprise de gouvernement , l’article montre d’une part que les politiques publiques existent à la fois comme un horizon légitimateur encastré dans l’ordinaire des pratiques partisanes, et comme une échéance virtuelle orientant la mobilisation des ressources en campagne. Il souligne d’autre part combien ce double ressort se réfracte selon les multiples valeurs d’usage (récolte des suffrages, compétitions intra- puis inter-partisane, mise en jeu de sa crédibilité gestionnaire, fixation de coalitions réformatrices, préparation technique de l’échéance gouvernementale, etc.) dont sont investies les mobilisations programmatiques. C’est à l’intérieur de l’écart pratique entre ces différentes dimensions que les acteurs partisans s’ajustent – en bricolant – à la perspective de gouverner.
La culture à l’âge global
Authors: Cicchelli Vincenzo , Octobre Sylvie 
Published: April 2021

L’objectif de cet article est de fournir au lecteur un modèle théorique d’appréhension des dimensions culturelles de la globalisation, saisies à l’aune de la circulation des produits issus des industries culturelles globales. Pour ce faire, il procède tout d’abord à une mise en perspective des principaux outils analytiques, proposés dès le début des années 1990, dont certains ont joué un rôle fondamental dans le tournant global de la culture. Les travaux mobilisés mettaient en évidence trois tensions majeures dans les transformations profondes des identités culturelles qui sont loin d’avoir été dissipées : entre homogénéisation et hétérogénéisation, entre impérialisme culturel américano-occidental et résistances ethno-nationales, entre promotion locale et hybridation. Puisant dans ce corpus canonique, l’article propose un modèle à quatre vecteurs pour analyser les différentes dimensions de la globalisation de la culture : la production et la distribution des marchandises esthétiques (dans le cadre du capitalisme esthétique), la compétition politique dans l’arène globale pour l’hégémonie culturelle (par le recours au soft power ), la construction et la promotion de l’authenticité et de la différence culturelles (par le biais des intermédiaires) et le réglage de la distance entre le proche, le familier et le lointain, l’exotique (par des amateurs cosmopolites socialisés à la différence culturelle à travers leurs consommations).
Sleep and Covid-19
Authors: Datta Karuna , Tripathi Manjari 
Published: April 2021

Background:
COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world globally causing widespread repercussions on individuals' physical, mental and emotional well-being. In such times, sleep is likely to be affected.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to present the available literature on sleep and also the foresight as to the future national strategy to mitigate the effects of this pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
An extensive literature search on PubMed, Google Scholar, Epistemonikos database (https://www.epistemonikos.org), PsycINFO for available literature on the prevalence of sleep problem on COVID-19 was done. Cross-citation search was also conducted to increase relevance of the review. The key words used were- (((((((((((insomnia)) OR (sleep)) OR (sleepiness)) OR (“sleep quality”)) OR (OSA)) OR (“obstructive sleep apnoea”)) OR (“obstructive sleep apnea”)) OR ((“sleep problem”)) AND “covid-19” OR covid19* OR “COVID-19” OR “2019-nCoV” OR cv19* OR “cv-19” OR “cv 19” OR “n-cov” OR ncov* OR “sars-cov-2” OR “sars-cov2” OR “2019-ncov” OR “SARS-Coronavirus-2” OR “SARS-Coronavirus2” OR (wuhan* AND (virus OR viruses OR viral)) OR (covid* AND (virus OR viruses OR viral)) OR “covid-19-related” OR “SARS-CoV-2-related” OR “SARS-CoV2-related” OR “2019-nCoV-related” OR “cv-19-related” OR “n-cov-related”). Inclusion criteria consisted of articles in English, published from Jan 2020 till 19 Apr 2020. Two reviewers independently screened each research study for inclusion and eligibility.

Results and Conclusion:
Sleep is affected during COVID-19 pandemic in patients, their families, health-care workers and their families, population in isolation, and quarantine and as such in public. Limited literature exists with subjective data and no objective criteria were found to study sleep in COVID-19 pandemic. OSA was found to be a frequent baseline characteristic of COVID-19 patients. A need to follow guidelines is of paramount importance and strategies to better sleep in the population needs to be addressed.
A 270-Degree Decompression of Optic Nerve in Refractory Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Using an Ultrasonic Aspirator - A Prospective Institutional Study
Authors: Wadikhaye Rohit , Alugolu Rajesh , Mudumba Vijaya Saradhi 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Although the nonsurgical treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) involves weight loss, diuretics, and steroids, surgical intervention is required if there is a worsening of symptoms or visual deterioration.

Objective:
To determine the efficacy and complications of transcranial optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) using an ultrasonic aspirator as an adjunct in the treatment of refractory IIH.

Material and Methods:
This prospective study included all patients with medically refractory IIH with visual deterioration from November 2017 to June 2019. Pterional craniotomy was followed by extradural clinoidectomy and optic foramen bony decompression using an ultrasonic aspirator. All the cases were followed up for changes in visual acuity and field and surgical outcomes.

Results:
A total of 21 consecutive patients who underwent ONSF in the study period were included for analysis. Improvement in visual acuity was noted in 19/21 (90.47%) patients. Improvement in visual fields was noted in 17/21 (80.95%). Headache improved in 66.67% of patients. Improvement in the fundus picture was noted in 90.47%. Symptoms < 6 months showed better results compared to > 6 months symptom, although statistically nonsignificant (P = 0.2556). A 270-degree optic canal decompression was achieved in all the cases.

Conclusion:
Transcranial optic nerve sheath decompression with a bone ultrasonic aspirator is a safe and direct decompression of the optic nerve in malignant/refractory cases of IIH.
Clinico-Epidemiological Profile, Etiology, and Imaging in Neonatal Stroke
Authors: Mukherjee Devdeep , Kalita Dolly , Das Dipankar , Kumar Tarun , Kundu Ritabrata 
Published: April 2021

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the clinico-epidemiological profile, etiology, and imaging findings in neonatal stroke (NS).

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective, observational study on neonates presenting with stroke between August 2014 and July 2016 to a tertiary care hospital in eastern India.

Results:
In all, 43 neonates were analyzed, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.3:1. About 88% babies were born at term and the rest were preterm. In 37%, the etiology of stroke was related to hypoxic injury, 21% had sepsis, and 35% had idiopathic causes. Seizures were the most common mode of presentation (62%) followed by poor feeding, abnormal tone, recurrent apnea, encephalopathy, and hemiparesis. There was an almost equal prevalence of ischemic stroke (53%) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS). Middle cerebral artery territory was the primary site of involvement in arterial ischemic stroke, and intra ventricular hemorrhage was the most common presentation of HS.

Conclusion:
NS is an acute emergency with high morbidity and mortality. Magnetic resonance imaging helps in diagnosis and prognostication in the absence or paucity of focal neurological signs in neonates.
Diagnosing Stroke in Acute Vertigo
Authors: Sankalia Dushyant , Kothari Sudhir , Phalgune Deepak S 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Most patients presenting with acute vertigo are believed to suffer from acute, self-limited, presumed viral or post-viral vestibular neuritis (VN). But 25% of such cases can be “Pseudo VN”, and are due to central causes, most often stroke. The aim of the present research was to study the sensitivity and specificity of Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Skew deviation (HINTS) battery for diagnosis of stroke in patients with acute-onset first episode of spontaneous vertigo.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy-five patients who visited outpatient department or admitted between August 2014 and April 2016 with acute-onset first episode of spontaneous vertigo were included. Each patient was subjected to bedside oculomotor tests and HINTS. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Stroke was diagnosed by MRI brain. If initial MRI brain was normal and still clinical signs favor stroke, repeat MRI brain-diffusion-weighted imaging study was done at 72 h after symptom onset to confirm the diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy and Youden's Index were used to quantify the diagnostic efficiency of HINTS at presentation against final MRI.

Results:
Patients presented with acute-onset first episode of spontaneous vertigo, HINTS battery was found to be more sensitive than the initial MRI of the brain done in first 24 h in diagnosing stroke (97.1 % Vs 82.9%). The specificity of the initial MRI of the brain and HINTS battery was 100.0 % and 80.0% respectively.

Conclusions:
The HINTS battery was more sensitive than the initial MRI of the brain in diagnosing stroke in first 24 h in patients presented with acute-onset first episode of spontaneous vertigo.
Endovascular Treatment of a Primary Extracranial Vertebral Artery Aneurysm Causing Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Yabing , Jiao Liqun 
Published: April 2021

Background and Aims:
Extracranial vertebral artery aneurysms are a rare cause of embolic stroke; various surgical and endovascular treatment options are available.

Methods:
We report a 44-year-old man with a symptomatic proximal extracranial vertebral artery aneurysm of unclear etiology. The patient presented with brainstem infarction, and the diagnosis of primary extracranial vertebral artery aneurysm was made by computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Results:
This patient's aneurysm was definitively treated using an endovascular approach with placement of a covered stent in the right proximal vertebral artery.

Conclusion:
Although aneurysms of this location are traditionally repaired with open aneurysmectomy, we show that endovascular treatment can be a safe and effective alternative approach. In the case reported here, primary extracranial vertebral artery aneurysm presenting with embolic stroke was successfully treated with a covered stent. Complete exclusion of the aneurysm from blood circulation is advisable to achieve full resolution of the embolic source.
Preliminary Study of hsa-mir-626 Change in the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Qin Li-Xia , Tan Jie-Qiong , Zhang Hai-Nan , Tang Jian-Guang , Jiang Bo , Shen Xiang-Min , Guo Ji-Feng , Tan Li-Ming , Tang Beisha , Wang Chun-Yu 
Published: April 2021

Context:
A host of microRNAs have been reported to suppress tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis and play roles in neurodegeneration disorders. Moreover, microRNA changes are found in the peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain tissues of central nervous system diseases, including glioma, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis, and depression. Compared with other body fluids, CSF can reflect the brain pathological processes more accurately.

Aims:
To understand whether microRNA expression may be misregulated in patients with PD, and further discover potential diagnostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for PD.

Materials and Methods:
Here, through real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we compared CSF microRNA from 15 PD patients, 11 AD patients, and 16 controls with other neurologic disorders, such as encephalitis and Guillain–Barre syndrome.

Results:
Finally, we identified hsa-miR-626 changes in the CSF of PD patients. The mean expression level of hsa-miR-626 was significantly reduced in the CSF of PD patients compared with AD patients and controls.

Conclusions:
Our approach provides a preliminary research for identifying biomarkers in the CSF that could be used for the detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of PD.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Guillain–Barre Syndrome in Pediatric Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Rangan Ramya Srinivasa , Tullu Milind S , Deshmukh Chandrahas T , Mondkar Shruti A , Agrawal Mukesh 
Published: April 2021

Aims and Objectives:
To study clinical profile and outcome in Pediatric Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS).

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective study of 30 patients (age 1 month to 12 years) admitted with GBS enrolled over a period of 2 years (August 2016-July 2018) from Department of Pediatrics of tertiary centre.

Results:
Mean age was 5.4 years (21 males; 9 females). Most common presenting complaints- symmetrical lower limb weakness (26 cases; 86.67% cases), respiratory complaints (6 cases; 20% cases), quadriparesis (4 cases; 13.33% cases) and facial palsy (2 cases; 6.67%). Antecedent illnesses- gastrointestinal (6 cases) and respiratory (3 cases). Two patients had varicella (in preceding one week) and one had mumps (one month prior to presentation). MRI-spine done in 12 patients; of whom 9 had features of GBS (thickening and contrast enhancement of the intrathecal and cauda equina nerve roots on T1 weighted MRI). Nerve conduction studies done in 16 patients, of which Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy was seen in 10 cases. Intravenous immunoglobulin was given to 27 patients while 3 received methylprednisolone in addition. 90% patients receiving IVIG showed improvement. Sixteen patients were admitted to the intensive care unit and 7 required mechanical ventilation. Average hospital stay was 13 days. Two patients had recurrent episodes. Common complications included- pneumonia (6 cases; 2 aspiration and 4 ventilator associated) and autonomic disturbances (6 cases). Two patients died due to autonomic disturbances and presence of autonomic disturbances predicted higher mortality (P = 0.034).

Conclusions:
Gastrointestinal illness was common antecedent illness for GBS. Symmetrical lower limb weakness was commonest complaint. Pneumonia and autonomic disturbances were commonest complications. Presence of autonomic disturbances predicted higher mortality.
Turning a New Chapter in Neurosurgery Outpatient Services
Authors: Raheja Amol , Manjunath Niveditha , Garg Kanwaljeet , Tandon Vivek , Gupta Vivek , Mishra Shashwat , Ather Sameer , Suri Ashish , Chandra P. Sarat , Singh Manmohan , Shariff Ahamadulla , Kale Shashank S 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Teleconsultation services in India, especially in neurosurgery, are relatively new. Despite its large-scale adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic, comprehensive analyses of patients' perspectives and hurdles are lacking.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted an anonymized telephonic survey of consecutive neurosurgical patients who availed telemedicine services at our institute, using a validated, structured questionnaire. To prevent bias, interviewers were not involved in the study design/analyses. Patients' perception of usefulness and performance of teleconsultation was graded on a 5-point Likert scale.

Results:
Of the 330 patients who availed teleconsultation services, 231 (70%) completed the survey. Even though 91% of the respondents had access to a smartphone, only 10% received a video-based teleconsult. As per respondents, the challenges included poor network (7%), suboptimal communication/discussion (5.6%), lack of physical examination (6%), and misinterpretation of prescription by pharmacists/patients (6%). The majority of the respondents (58%) either agreed/strongly agreed that teleconsultation helped them tide over the medical exigency during the lockdown; however, the clinical diagnosis did not influence this response (P = 0.21). The vast majority of the respondents felt that teleconsultation is beneficial (97%), as it minimizes their exposure to COVID-19. One-third of the patients preferred this service over physical visits and 60% agreed to its continuation till resumption of routine care. Access to video-teleconsultation was the chief suggestion in 39 of 74 suggestions received.

Conclusions:
Telemedicine in neurosurgery offers favorable patient satisfaction during this pandemic and may be a satisfactory alternative to physical outpatient services in the future. Video-based teleconsults should be the preferred modality of communication for neurosurgery patients.
Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy as a Complication of Chikungunya Infection
Authors: Holla V V , Gohel Abhishek B , Kartik N , Netravathi M 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rapidly progressive encephalopathy seen commonly in children triggered by various prodromal viral infections, most common being influenza virus and Human herpes virus-6.

Objective:
We report two rare cases of ANE preceded by Chikungunya infection.

Cases:
A 13-year old girl presented with a three-day history of headache, fever, seizures, and altered sensorium. Another 42-year old man presented with two days history of fever and altered sensorium. Both were suspected to have viral encephalitis. Evaluation revealed serum positivity for Chikungunya virus. In both cases, diagnosis was clinched by characteristic bilateral symmetrical thalamic lesions with central necrosis and hemorrhage along with lesions in cerebral white matter, brainstem, and cerebellum.

Conclusions:
ANE is reported to have high morbidity and mortality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ANE post-Chikungunya infection. Apart from being rare etiologically, the patients had excellent response to steroids.
Neuroimaging Patterns in Patients with COVID-19-Associated Neurological Complications
Authors: Garg Ravindra K , Paliwal Vimal K , Malhotra Hardeep S , Sharma Praveen K 
Published: April 2021

Background:
A variety of neuroimaging abnormalities in COVID-19 have been described.

Objectives:
In this article, we reviewed the varied neuroimaging patterns in patients with COVID-19-associated neurological complications.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and preprint databases (medRxiv and bioRxiv). The search terms we used were “COVID -19 and encephalitis, encephalopathy, neuroimaging or neuroradiology” and “SARS-CoV-2 and encephalitis, encephalopathy, neuroimaging or neuroradiology”.

Results:
Neuroimaging abnormalities are common in old age and patients with comorbidities. Neuroimaging abnormalities are largely vascular in origin. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy results in large vessel occlusion and cerebral venous thrombosis. COVID-19-associated intracerebral hemorrhage resembles anticoagulant associated intracerebral hemorrhage. On neuroimaging, hypoxic-ischemic damage along with hyperimmune reaction against the SARS-COV-2 virus manifests as small vessel disease. Small vessel disease appears as diffuse leukoencephalopathy and widespread microbleeds, and subcortical white matter hyperintensities. Occasionally, gray matter hyperintensity, similar to those observed seen in autoimmune encephalitis, has been noted. In many cases, white matter lesions similar to that in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis have been described. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in COVID-19 seems to be a parainfectious event and autoimmune in origin. Many cases of acute necrotizing encephalitis resulting in extensive damage to thalamus and brain stem have been described; cytokine storm has been considered a pathogenic mechanism behind this. None of the neuroimaging abnormalities can provide a clue to the possible pathogenic mechanism.

Conclusions:
Periventricular white-matter MR hyperintensity, microbleeds, arterial and venous infarcts, and hemorrhages are apparently distinctive neuroimaging abnormalities in patients with COVID-19.