bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Long-Term Wearing of Foot Orthoses Can Change the Frequency Domain of Ground Reaction Forces in Children with Flexible Flat Feet
Authors: Jafarnezhadgero AmirAli , Musavi Seyed Hamed , Alavi Mehr Seyed Majid , Madadi-Shad Morteza 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Analyzing the frequency content of ground reaction forces (GRFs) might be helpful when assessing gait abnormalities in children with flexible flatfeet. The aims of this study were therefore to evaluate 1) differences in GRF frequency content between children with and without flatfeet; and 2) whether the long-term wearing of foot orthoses changes the GRF frequency contents in children with flatfeet.

Materials and Methods
This is a pre-post study design. GRFs were collected at baseline for boys both with and without flatfeet. Boys with flatfeet wore custom-made foot orthoses with unique shoes for 4 months; GRFs were collected for the flatfeet group after 4 months too. Data were collected while participants wore shoes without foot orthoses in the pretest and shoes with foot orthoses in the posttest. GRFs were collected during walking by two Kistler force platforms (each force plate was used for each leg). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test and a separate 2 (side: dominant vs. nondominant) × 2 (time: pretest vs. posttest) ANOVA with repeated measures were used for statistical analysis.

Results
The flatfeet group indicated lower vertical GRF frequency (P = 0.003; d = 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.12–7.59) and greater vertical amplitude of harmonic 16 for the nondominant limb (P = 0.030; d = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.0001–0.0022) than the normal feet group. No significant differences in GRF frequency content were found for the dominant limb between pretest and posttest (P > 0.05; d = 0.01–039). However, for nondominant limb, vertical GRF frequency content (P < 0.001; d = 0.85; 95% CI, 6.21–7.36) was diminished at posttest compared with pretest. In the nondominant limb, the anteroposterior GRF frequency with a power of 99.5% showed a significant increase at posttest compared with pretest (P = 0.025; d = 0.50; 95% CI, 13.30–16.20). For both limbs, amplitudes of three-dimensional GRF components were lower at posttest than at pretest (P < 0.05; d = 0.0.14–1.20; 95% CI, −0.0005 to −0.0083).

Conclusions
The results indicated lower GRF frequency content and amplitudes after long-term wearing of foot orthoses. Therefore, long-term wearing of foot orthoses may be applied to obtain functional improvements in children with flatfeet.

Clinical Relevance
Clinicians are advised to apply foot orthoses to improve functions in children with flatfeet.
Treatment of chlamydia and gonorrhea infections during the COVID-19 pandemic using provisional Centers for Disease Control guidance
Authors: Fawcett Susan E. , Williams Amy A. , Johnson Emily E. , Ramsey Keith M. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic created new challenges in controlling the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), forcing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to temporarily modify recommendations. As rapid COVID-19 testing emerged, supplies for similar testing platforms, specifically Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, became compromised.

Local Problem:
The local community was identified as having the highest rate of chlamydia infections in North Carolina. Concerns regarding disease transmission within the community were amplified as the project site began experiencing a critical shortage of chlamydia and gonorrhea testing kits.

Methods:
This quality improvement (QI) project, conducted in an emergency department, located in an underserved area with high STD infection rates, offered a prioritized approach to STD testing and treatment during a critical time with limited testing capabilities.

Interventions:
Program analysis evaluated the management of 227 patients preintervention and 218 patients postintervention with confirmed or suspected infection, using a testing and treatment algorithm to identify and treat those most likely to be infected while preserving testing supplies for those at higher risk for complications from infections.

Results:
Test utilization decreased by 25% (p-value = .003 via t-test), whereas a significant improvement in empiric treatment, increasing from 59% (133/227) to 73% (158/218), was also observed (p-value = .002 via chi-square analysis).

Conclusions:
Results suggest that a testing and treatment algorithm for providers can successfully guide testing and treatment decisions, reducing onward transmission and preserving supplies for those more likely to experience complications from chlamydia and gonorrhea infections.
Primary Vestibular Schwannoma Cells Activate p21 and RAD51-Associated DNA Repair Following Radiation-Induced DNA Damage
Authors: Thielhelm Torin P. , Goncalves Stefania , Welford Scott , Mellon Eric A. , Bracho Olena , Estivill Michael , Brown Clifford , Morcos Jacques , Ivan Michael E. , Telischi Fred , Fernandez-Valle Cristina , Dinh Christine T. 
Published: August 2021

Hypothesis:
Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) can avoid cell death following radiation injury by entering cell cycle arrest and activating RAD51-related DNA repair.

Background:
Although the radiobiology of various cancers is well-studied, the radiobiological effects in VS are poorly understood. In this study, we describe how VS cells enter cell cycle arrest (through p21 expression), activate DNA repair (through RAD51 upregulation), and avoid cell death after radiation-induced double-stranded breaks (DSB) in DNA (as measured by γ-H2AX).

Methods:
Primary human VS cells were cultured on 96-well plates and 16-well culture slides at 10,000 cells/well and exposed to either 0 or 18 Gray of radiation. Viability assays were performed at 96 h in vitro. Immunofluorescence for γ-H2AX, RAD51, and p21 was performed at 6 h.

Results:
Radiation (18 Gy) induced the expression of γ-H2AX, p21, and RAD51 in six cultured VS, suggesting that irradiated VS acquire DSBs, enter cell cycle arrest, and initiate RAD51 DNA repair to evade cell death. However, viability studies demonstrate variable responses in individual VS cells with 3 of 6 VS showing radiation resistance to 18 Gy. On further analyses, radiation-resistant VS cells expressed significantly more p21 than radiation-responsive tumors.

Conclusions:
In response to radiation-induced DNA damage, primary VS cells can enter cell cycle arrest and express RAD51 DNA repair mechanisms to avoid cell death. Radioresistant VS cells may mount a more robust p21 response to ensure sufficient time for DNA repair. Further investigation into DNA repair proteins and cell cycle checkpoints may provide important insight on the radiobiology of VS and mechanisms for resistance.
Innovation in measuring obese patients’ blood pressure: measurement with conical wrapping technique
Authors: Şahan Seda , Şahin Sevil , Aygün Hakan , Yildiz Ayşegül 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Accurate measurement of blood pressure (BP) is difficult in obese patients due to their upper arm shape and width. Errors made during BP measurement cause misdiagnosis or lead to wrong treatment.

Method
The data of this methodological study were collected from 40 patients who were 18 years old or above, with a BMI above 25 kg/m2, and who were followed up with radial catheter arterial pressure in adult intensive care and postoperative care units between March and December 2020.

Results
In total 55% of the participants were male with a mean age of 63.9 years, mean height of 165.7 cm, mean weight of 85.2 kg and mean BMI of 31.0 ± 2.1 kg/m2. Intra-arterial BP (IABP) measurement values were found to be correlated with conical wrapping technique and cylindrical wrapping technique (P < 0.001). As a result, a statistically significance was found between conical SBP and intra-arterial SBP (r = 0.921; P < 0.05) and conical DBP and intra-arterial DBP (r = 0.902; P < 0.05)

Conclusion
It was determined that the SBP and DBP results of the conical wrapping technique were closer to the results obtained by IABP measurements. For this reason, it is more appropriate to measure BP with conical wrapping technique in clinically obese patients.
Malnutrition in patients with COVID-19: assessment and consequences
Authors: van der Meij Barbara S. , Ligthart-Melis Gerdien C. , de van der Schueren Marian A.E. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
COVID-19 disease often presents with malnutrition and nutrition impact symptoms, such as reduced appetite, nausea and loss of taste. This review summarizes the most up-to-date research on nutritional assessment in relation to mortality and morbidity risk in patients with COVID-19.

Recent findings
Numerous studies have been published on malnutrition, muscle wasting, obesity, and nutrition impact symptoms associated with COVID-19, mostly observational and in hospitalized patients. These studies have shown a high prevalence of symptoms (loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dysphagia, fatigue, and loss of smell and taste), malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies and obesity in patients with COVID-19, all of which were associated with increased mortality and morbidity risks.

Summary
Early screening and assessment of malnutrition, muscle wasting, obesity, nutrition impact symptoms and micronutrient status in patients with COVID-19, followed by pro-active nutrition support is warranted, and expected to contribute to improved recovery. There is limited research on nutritional status or nutrition impact symptoms in patients living at home or in residential care. RCTs studying the effects of nutrition intervention on clinical outcomes are lacking. Future research should focus on these evidence gaps.
Triple combination cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulator therapy in the real world – opportunities and challenges
Authors: Barry Peter J. , Taylor-Cousar Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to describe on-going and upcoming real-world studies that will aid the cystic fibrosis (CF) community in understanding the long-term efficacy, safety and challenges in utilizing this therapy and managing care.

Recent findings
The triple combination of elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor (ETI) has been demonstrated to improve lung function, weight and quality of life in children and adults with CF with at least one copy of Phe508del. Treatment with ETI will potentially be available for approximately 90% of the CF population and change the face of CF.

Summary
In spite of early demonstrations of short-term efficacy and safety, for medications that may be given for much of someone's life, continued assessment of these outcomes is necessary. Furthermore, the CF community must evaluate and address the issues that arise with increased longevity including parenthood, preventive care management and the potential comorbidities of aging.
Safety and Tolerance of a Novel Anti‐Regurgitation Formula
Authors: Bellaiche Marc , Ludwig Thomas , Arciszewska Małgorzata , Bongers Anke , Gomes Cédrico , Świat Agnieszka , Dakhlia Faouzi , Piollet Anne , Oozeer Raish , Vandenplas Yvan 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTObjectives:A novel anti‐regurgitation (AR) formula has been designed to support gut health and improve gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms beyond regurgitation. This study assessed the tolerance and safety of this new AR formula.Methods:This was a 4‐week double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial with a 4‐week extension in formula‐fed infants with regurgitation. The new AR (Test) formula contained 0.4 g/100 mL locust bean gum (LBG) as thickener, partly fermented formula with postbiotics, and short‐chain galacto‐oligosaccharides (scGOS) and long‐chain fructo‐oligosaccharides (lcFOS) (0.4 g/100 mL, ratio 9:1). The Control AR formula contained LBG (0.4 g/100 mL) with postbiotics and has a history of safe use. The primary outcome was the Infant Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire (IGSQ) sum score including stooling, spitting‐up/vomiting, crying, fussiness and flatulence.Results:All 182 infants screened were enrolled in the study. The primary analysis showed the equivalence of the IGSQ sum scores at Week 4 between groups. IGSQ sum scores improved significantly within 1 week (Mixed Model Repeated Measurement [MMRM], P < 0.001). Post‐hoc analyses showed a bigger improvement of the IGSQ score in the Test (n = 38) versus Control (n = 44) group (MMRM, P = 0.008) in infants with more severe gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (IGSQ score ≥35). Stool characteristics were comparable between groups. Growth related z scores were in line with the WHO child growth standards and both groups showed improvement of regurgitation. Adverse events did not show any safety concerns.Conclusions:The novel AR formula combining LBG, scGOS/lcFOS and postbiotics is well‐tolerated, safe and supports adequate growth during the intervention. Post‐hoc analyses suggest that the formula results in more improvement of GI symptom burden in infants with more severe symptoms.
A Retrospective Evaluation on Demographic, Phenomenological, and Comorbidity Features of Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Efe Ayşegül , Açıkel Sadettin Burak , Uygun Sabide Duygu , Canlı Merve , Temeltürk Rahime Duygu , Gürel Yusuf , Çetinkaya Miray , Çakmak Fatma Hülya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The impacts of sex, age of onset, phenotype, and comorbidity on clinical features were explored in a large clinical sample with pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (p-OCD) (n = 457), along with concomitant specific features in the framework of different symptom dimensions/phenotypes, by a retrospective cross-sectional evaluation design. The most prevalent phenotype was obsession/checking (almost half), and the clinical features belonging to different phenotypes varied among sexes, age of onset, severity, and comorbidities. The contamination and aggressive obsessions, along with the compulsions such as cleaning and repeating routine activities, were the most prevalent symptoms, which were prevalently accompanied by generalized anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and depression. Females with OCD were likely prone to exhibit comorbid internalizing disorders, whereas males were prone to externalizing. This recent study on a large Turkish clinical sample of p-OCD followed up within 5 years, highlighting separate evidence on subtyping of p-OCD in phenotype and comorbidity frame.
Pneumatic Impedance of Spit Socks and N95 Masks
Authors: Kroll Mark W. , Brave Michael A. , Hail Stacey L. , Kroll Ryan M. , Williams Howard E. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
Restrained subjects often spit on law enforcement and corrections officers and medical responders. Based on the droplet-transmitted risk of COVID-19, such spitting could be considered a potentially life-threatening assault. Officers commonly use “spit socks” over the head and neck of spitting subjects to reduce this risk. The pneumatic impedance of such socks has not been published, so this remains an open issue for arrest-related death investigation.

Methods
We purchased samples of 3 popular spit sock models, 3 insect-protecting “bug” socks and hats, 3 N95 masks, a standard 3-ply surgical mask, and a common dust mask. We used a BTmeter model BTN8468 digital anemometer, an HTI model HT-1890 digital manometer, and an AC Infinity Cloudline model S6 inline controllable fan to measure air flow versus pressure drop. We compared the curves graphically and also calculated a pneumatic pseudo-impedance by dividing the pressure drop by the air velocity.

Results
The spit and bug socks allowed nearly maximum airflow with minimal pressure (≤1 mm Hg), whereas none of the masks allowed greater than 2 m/s of airflow at maximum pressure of 3 mm Hg. All of the spit and bug masks were grouped together with the lowest pneumatic impedances, whereas all of the N95 masks were grouped together with the highest values. The dust mask and surgical mask were in between with the dust mask closer to the spit and bug masks, whereas the surgical mask was closer to the N95 masks in impedance.

Conclusions
Commonly used spit socks offer nearly zero resistance to breathing. The highest resistance spit sock was still 100 times better than the best N95 mask for airflow during inhalation. Our results do not support the occasional hypothesis that spit socks might contribute to an arrest-related death.
Scope and Practices of Physical Therapists Working With Children: Results From an International Online Survey
Authors: Camden Chantal , Mulligan Hilda , Nugraha Boya , Berbari Jade , Gauvin Cheyenne , Cinar Eda , Gutenbrunner Christoph 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To describe the scope of practice of physical therapists (PTs) working with children worldwide.

Methods:
PTs working with children in any context and country were invited via social media and email campaigns to complete an online survey containing 42 questions about work context and service delivery. Descriptive statistics were computed.

Results:
Of the 1133 participants from 77 countries, most worked with children full-time (51.8%), and in government-funded work settings (57.5%). Modalities of access to services varied across countries, work settings, and children's conditions, yet 46.7% of PTs reported that most children had direct access to services. PTs provided services to children with a variety of conditions, with cerebral palsy being most reported (83.3%). Interventions focused primarily on improving body function (42.0%) and on providing face-to-face individual treatment (96.6%).

Conclusions:
This study provides an international portrait of pediatric PT practice and illustrates the diversity of services in pediatric PT.
Dynamic Characteristics of Foot Development: A Narrative Synthesis of Plantar Pressure Data During Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Montagnani Eleonora , Price Carina , Nester Chris , Morrison Stewart C. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
Quantifying plantar pressure throughout childhood enables clinicians to enhance knowledge of typical changes in foot function. This narrative review aims to describe existing research reporting plantar pressure analysis in infants and children developing typically, to advance understanding of foot development.

Methods:
A narrative approach was used; 263 articles were identified and 13 met inclusion criteria.

Results:
Plantar pressures during walking rapidly change in infancy and childhood. With development, pressures increasingly resemble those in adults with the development of initial heel contact, shift in pressure distribution from medial to lateral foot side, decreasing midfoot pressure magnitude. The literature has a variety of study designs, data collection protocols, and analysis.

Conclusion:
This review describes plantar pressure changes occurring as walking develops, emphasizing the typical trajectory of foot function development in infancy and childhood. The present finding describes the complex biomechanical development of foot function in typically developing infancy and childhood.
Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination Clinical Use to Recommend Therapist Assessment of Functional Hand Asymmetries
Authors: Pietruszewski Lindsay , Nelin Mary Ann , Batterson Nancy , Less Julia , Moore-Clingenpeel Melissa , Lewandowski Dennis , Levengood Katelyn , Maitre Nathalie L. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To determine whether asymmetry scores derived from the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) can provide cutoff scores for recommending in-depth assessment of upper extremity functional deficits by therapists using the Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI).

Methods:
Observational study in a clinical laboratory with the HINE and the HAI administered concurrently to 101 infants 3 to 12 months corrected age developing typically or atypically. Predictive value of HINE asymmetry scores for atypical HAI was determined.

Results:
Total HINE asymmetry scores of 4 or greater had 100% sensitivity and 88% or greater specificity for identifying infants with an asymmetric HAI score of 3 or greater point difference between hands.

Conclusions:
For infants receiving a total HINE asymmetry score of 4 or greater, referral to therapists for HAI assessment may be beneficial to precisely evaluate function and determine the need for targeted upper extremity interventions.
Multidimensional Effects of Solid and Hinged Ankle-Foot Orthosis in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Limpaninlachat Sivaporn , Prasertsukdee Saipin , Palisano Robert J. , Burns Joshua , Kaewkungwal Jaranit , Inthachom Rumrada 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To compare the effect of solid (SAFO) and hinged (HAFO) ankle-foot orthoses in children with cerebral palsy spastic diplegia and true equinus and jump gait.

Methods:
Participants were 26 children (13 wore SAFO and 13 wore HAFO) aged 4 to 14 years classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I to III. Children were tested on standardized measures of body structure and function, activity, and participation.

Results:
Children wearing HAFO reached further in standing than those wearing SAFO. Among children who walked without an assistive device, children wearing HAFO had greater stride length and faster velocity. Mean Gross Motor Function Measure and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory mobility scores did not differ between groups. The cost-to-benefit ratios showed parents preferred HAFO.

Conclusions:
Among children with true equinus and jump gait, the effects of HAFO were greater in children who walked without an assistive mobility device.
1.5 vs 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Radbruch Alexander , Paech Daniel , Gassenmaier Sebastian , Luetkens Julian , Isaak Alexander , Herrmann Judith , Othman Ahmed , Schäfer Jürgen , Nikolaou Konstantin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The second part of this review deals with experiences in neuroradiological and pediatric examinations using modern magnetic resonance imaging systems with 1.5 T and 3 T, with special attention paid to experiences in pediatric cardiac imaging. In addition, whole-body examinations, which are widely used for diagnostic purposes in systemic diseases, are compared with respect to the image quality obtained in different body parts at both field strengths. A systematic overview of the technical differences at 1.5 T and 3 T has been presented in part 1 of this review, as well as several organ-based magnetic resonance imaging applications including musculoskeletal imaging, abdominal imaging, and prostate diagnostics.