bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar water pump as a solution for clean water distribution in Nunleu village, Amanatun Selatan District, Timor Tengah Selatan-NTT
Authors: Dana S , Gah A M 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNunleu Village is one of the villages in Timor Tengah Selatan Regency in NTT in which until now has experienced difficulties in accessing clean water. The difficulty in clean water distribution is not caused by the unavailability of water sources, but due to the Nunleu topology which consists of valleys and cliffs where the majority of the water sources are located under cliffs and valleys. This situation is exacerbated by the absence of electricity supply from PLN. This study aims to design and build a solar-powered water pump system to help Nunleu residents in the distribution of clean water. The solar pump system was built in Dusun 2 Nunleu which has a total population 150 with needs per capita per day is 40 liters. Result of the research shows that the water pump system built in Nunleu village was able to provide 6000 liters of clean water in approximately 5 hours.
The Estimation of Metabolizable Energy Using an Analysis of Ruminal Fermented Gas Production in Protected Lemuru Fish Oil
Authors: Kustantinah  , Dewi R R , Muhlisin  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study has purpose to estimate the metabolic energy of protected lemuru fish oil using the rumen fermentation gas production analysis. This study applied a combination of treatments, which is differences in NaOH concentrations and drying methods on the total gas production in vitro. The gas production was determined at the incubation of 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. This study applied a Completely Randomized Design on 3x2 factorial. The parameters observed included the total gas production, the data were tested using an analysis of variance and continued with the Duncan test. The results of this study indicated that at the incubation time of 48 hours and 72 hours, there was no difference in the interaction between the NaOH concentration and the drying method on the total gas production, and there was a significant difference between the NaOH concentration and the drying method in terms of metabolizable energy (ME). The results of the highest ME value in the protected lemuru fish oil were 10% NaOH concentration and the sun drying method was 4.56 MJ/Kg BK, it can be concluded that the ME estimation is influenced by the yield of incubation gas production for 24 hours.
Application of automatic system for water stress treatment to produce high soluble solids tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv Rinka 409)
Authors: Anggraeni F D , Falah M A F , Khuriyati N , Nishina H , Takayama K , Takahashi N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to confirm the application of automatic system for detecting the water stress and the compatibility of the water stress treatment system for producing high soluble solids tomato fruits in high technology greenhouse. The tomato variety used, “Rinka 409”, was grown hydroponically with a high-wire system in high technology greenhouse in Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Japan. The greenhouse has a full controlling system (temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide, and light intensity) to support the seasonal change and was adjusted to the real-time condition. Water stress condition of the tomato plant in the high technology greenhouse was detected by measuring the water content in the rockwool slab and by using visual monitoring system. The result showed that the automatically nutrient supplying system using visual monitoring system based on speaking plant approach technology could be used for the detection of water stress in the tomato plant. Using this system, water stress tomato cultivation was detected and the high soluble solids tomato fruits could be produced continuously to fulfill consumer expectation.
Development of calibration model for pH content of intact tomatoes using a low-cost Vis/NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Wati R K , Pahlawan M F R , Masithoh R E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Determination of pH of intact tomatoes was investigated using a low-cost Vis/NIR spectroscopy in reflectance mode. The best calibration model measured pH in intact tomatoes using wavelength range of 527-799 nm with RC
2
and SEC of 0.90 and 0.04, respectively. The prediction model obtained SEP, Bias, and RPD of 0.11, 0.007, and 1.17, respectively. The low-cost Vis/NIR type instrument is promising to be used for food and agricultural applications.
Rain water harvesting: a sustainable alternative for domestic water supply in South–Western Nigeria: in the case study of Ado-Odo/Ota LGA Ogun State
Authors: Ogbiye AS , Fagbenle E , Busari AA , Onakunle OO , Omole DO 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nigeria is currently facing various environmental challenges such as water scarcity and water quality; which is one of the largest environmental problems. However, the available supply of renewable water is short of the demand in Nigeria. Researchers have studied many alternative to better solve the emerging water supply problem. This study considers rainwater harvesting as an alternative source of water to ameliorate the possible scarcity. To better understand common practises in the rain water harvesting community and motivation for collecting harvested rainwater a socio-demographic survey was conducted in four communities in Ado-Odo/Ota Local Government Ogun State Nigeria to determine the rate of water consumption and supply from current water sources. A total of 400 questionnaires were administered to various household and the data collected through the survey were analysed using SPSS and selected statistical methods. Rainfall data for Ota was obtained and it was to calculate the cumulative runoff in a year was determined for roof sizes are ≤ 75m2. This study demonstrated among other things that rainwater harvesting has the potential of contributing significantly to solving the problems of water shortage suffered not only by the rural-poor communities but also in the urban areas where conventional modes of water supply have failed to provide the desired level of service.
Evaluating solid waste storage and collection practices in Traditional Residential Area of Abeokuta Metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Akinpelu O P , Simon R F , Owolabi M A , Sotayo I L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study evaluated solid waste storage and collection practices in traditional residential area of Abeokuta Metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria. This is with a view to providing information for policy intervention. The study area consists of seven political wards, stratified into three residential zones, namely; core, transition and sub-urban zones. Each of the zones comprises of neighbourhoods with a number of residential buildings. The three zones consist of 408 houses. Using systematic sampling technique, one of every five building was surveyed, thus, a total of 81 (20%) houses were sampled. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established a significance difference in income, occupation and tenancy status, while no significant difference exist in residents’ education, family size and type of house occupied (p < 0.05). The study found that storage receptacles used in the three residential zones were similar and majority (70.4%) was not ecofriendly. Substantial proportion (49.4%) of the residents had no access to waste collection truck. Results of ANOVA computed (F = 6.721 and p < 0.05) established that significant difference exist in the frequency of waste collection. It is recommended that public awareness on environment-friendly waste storage receptacle should be given priority; and provision of adequate equipment and personnel for sustainable waste collection through public-private partnership.
Remediation of Emerging Pollutants in Industrial Contaminated Water using Oxytenanthera abyssinica and Bambusa vulgaris in a Treatment Media
Authors: Ijaola O O , Sangodoyin AY 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Remediation of emerging pollutants is an aspect of environmental research with sparse information and knowledge, and the disposal of, these pollutants to the environment are mostly unregulated and on the increase. In view of this, the study examined the adsorptive capacity of adsorbent produced from Oxytenanthera abyssinica (COA 350°C KCl) and Bambusa vulgaris (CBV 350°C H3PO4) in remediating Pharmaceutical actives contaminants (PhACs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray were used in characterizing adsorbents. Derivative form of Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and Liquid-Liquid extraction procedures were used for extracting selected PhACs and PAHs from sampled solutions respectively. Batch experiments were performed to study the adsorption capacity of adsorbents at varying contact time of 30min, 2hrs and 12hrs for PAHs and 30, 180, 360, 720 and 1440 mins for PhACs. Analysis of PhACs and PAHs concentrations for each sampling were determined by UV spectrophotometer and GC-MS respectively. The samples showed sharp absorption peaks at 3432 and 1632 cm−1 indicating O-H stretched and N-H stretched. The adsorbents showed both open and close pores. Carbon, Oxygen and Nitrogen in the adsorbent for CBV were 62.00, 33.53 and 3.98 and COA were 71.00, 22.80 weight percent, respectively. The adsorbents had good surface areas, pore volumes and pore sizes. Removal efficiency of COA showed the highest efficiency for PhACs removal at (73.3%, 78.1% and 86.2%) while CBV (63.9 %, 66.7% and 82.2%) for paracetamol, salbutamol and chlorpheniramine, respectively. CBV and COA ranged from 42.5-81.2% and 8.9-65.5% for PAHs removal respectively. The experimental result showed that adsorbents made from Oxytenanthera abyssinaca and Bambusa vulgaris can efficiently adsorb selected PhACs and PAHs in industrial Contaminated Water.
Computational forecast of municipal waste in Lagos: What may happen in 2025?
Authors: Emetere M E , Iroham C O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Lagos is the commercial hub of Nigeria with almost the highest population in Nigeria. The municipal waste of Lagos is currently huge with existing health threats to residence around the landfills. Thirty-seven years (1980-2017) dataset for municipal waste in Lagos was projected to 2025 using computational analysis i.e., moving averages and excel forecast tool. It was discovered that the averages of all the forecast show that the municipal waste in Lagos will be fairly stable between 2020-2025 with an addition of 12 million tonnes by 2025. It is recommended that waste management authorities in Lagos should step-up with the establishment of municipal waste processing companies in all the five landfill sites because the land fill leachates is expected to pollute more ground water sources in Lagos metropolis.
Plume Model: A Simple Approach to Air Quality Control
Authors: Ajayi O O , Ngene B U , Ogbiye S A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Air is an essential element in the life of humans, and everyone deserves to breathe in clean air. But anthropogenic activities from industrialization and modernization, as well as some natural disasters such as earth quake and volcanic eruption pollute the air. Consequently, air pollution threatens the health of people living in close proximity to the source of pollution by causing or aggravating sicknesses like, heart problem, cancer and respiratory disorder. The dispersion of air from a point source tends to follow the shape of Gaussian or normal statistical distribution. The present paper aims at examining Gaussian plume model as the easiest and simplest model among the lists of air dispersion models evaluated, stating the various issues from the source to the receptors. Gaussian Plume model is mostly used in the analysis of air dispersion with the concentration of a given place, having function of the distance from the source, emission rate and the meteorological data, mostly temperature, wind speed and wind direction, with the help of some various assumptions, in order to estimate how much air has reduced or travelled from the source and the concentration at the ground level. The model uses Briggs coefficients sigma y and z to get both vertical and horizontal dispersion. Plume rise determines dispersion and transportation levels, and thereby affect the distance to maximum ground level concentration and the maximum ground level concentration, the taller the stack or chimney (source), the larger the plume and the lower the concentration at the ground. A week analysis on pollutants generated from Larfarge cement factory Sagamu, Ogun State was carried out. The result shows mathematical simulation of Gaussian plume model of pollutants concentrations from the source and the applicability of the model.
A review on plastic waste as sustainable resource in civil engineering applications
Authors: Ogundairo T O , Olukanni D O , Akinwumi I I , Adegoke D D 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlastic wastes are non-biodegradable and can stay in the ecosystem for many decades. It can go through aging processes resulting from physical, chemical, and biological actions with the potential to harm habitats and weaken the life-supporting environment. The overwhelming environmental problem created by the indiscriminate disposal of plastic waste containers has led to a search for comprehensive research work seeking a viable alternative to manage, process and dispose of used plastic containers. Hence, researchers have found alternative use to its recovery. The waste can be recycled, reused or reprocessed as substitutes for construction materials because construction applications take up significant amounts of aggregates and cement. Its use is also applicable in bitumen modification, soil stabilization, geosynthetic materials, bricks, plastic reinforcement, and as natural aggregates, which all assist in reducing the quantity of natural aggregates that can be extracted for use in the construction industry. The review covers the collection of relevant information about plastics, the different types of plastics, their corresponding waste and its application in the construction industry from literature. It also examines plastic waste challenges and its sustainable utilization as a construction material. By changing the production design of plastics, it would proffer better ways to manage plastic waste, clean up and improve our natural environment. This review submits that there is an opportunity for the use of plastic waste as an innovative alternative in the construction industry which can stimulate economic growth and could boost the drive of government towards the achievement of some of the sustainable development goals.
Sustainability Barriers in Nigeria Construction Practice
Authors: Toriola-Coker L O , Alaka H , Bello W A , Ajayi S , Adeniyi A , Olopade S O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The struggles to practise sustainable construction are not gaining the desired traction in Nigeria. This study established the likely barriers to successful application of sustainable construction in the Nigeria construction industry and factors to overcome the possible barriers. A quantitative approach was used for the study and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the professionals and other stakeholders. A descriptive method was used in analysing the collected data. Among the highly ranked sustainability barriers to construction practice are poor sustainability education in academic institutions, lack of incentives for designers to facilitate sustainable design, ignorance of lifecycle cost benefits, sustainable construction regarded as low priority and other issues take priority, and resistance to cultural change in the industry. The research recommends adequate sustainability education in academic institutions to positively impact the required cultural change in the industry. There is call for proper government policies that support implementation of sustainable construction practices. The study also advances the need for construction professionals and stakeholders to embrace the concept of sustainability education through continuing professional development and or postgraduate studies to improve the thinking and practicability of sustainable practice of construction in Nigeria.
Reviewing sustainability, preservation and semiotics of potsherd pavements in southwest Nigerian cultural spaces and built-forms
Authors: Adeyemo A A , Ezema I C , Adeyemi E A , Anakor C A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Potsherds as used in southwest Nigeria Yoruba ancient civilization to pave walkways are continuously discovered along major migratory route from Ile-Ife to Notche in Togo. Its durability was compared to early terracotta pioneer road materials of the Roman and pre-modern Europe. Popularly called Potsherd pavement; the differently beautifully patterned ceramic materials were original to Queen Luuwo; a past and only female Ooni of, the Yoruba historical capital Ile-Ife. Despite not being preserved they remain sustainable indigenous material art and technology used around cultural spaces and built-forms since the 9th-12th century. Reviewed by visitations were some sites of the waste-to-wealth sustainable ceramic paving materials on which much work had not been done by built environment experts. Apart from its original denotative function as a walkway material, it also had ritual, storage, community and presently historic semiotic implications adducible to it. The research used the theories of pioneer semioticians; Saussure and Pierce’s as well as denotation and connotation by Eco. “Archaeological” method to compare the cultural material use of spaces, the general semiotic and Elleh’s African triple heritage concept. The study discovered that the cultural and tourism imperative of pavements are not appreciated and so they are not preserved. The use of physical observation, interview and systematic review of past low traffic-making and contemporary engineering applications for the qualitative research helped the discovery. The study concluded that proper preservation of potsherd pavements, drawing out their symbolic meanings and continued application would contribute to build environment sustainability in the study area.
Evaluation of compacted lateritic soil – bacillus coagulans induced calcite precipitate for landfill application using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm
Authors: Yohanna P , Osinubi K J , Eberemu A O , Ijimdiya T S , Salawudeen A T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Evaluation of compacted lateritic soil – Bacillus coagulans (B.coagulans) induced calcite precipitate for landfill application was carried out using Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA). Experimental results were obtained through laboratory tests. Measured soil factors include; Coefficient of permeability (hydraulic conductivity) as a dependent factor and void ratio, bulk density, B. coagulans suspension, pH, Compactive effort, water content relative to optimum, plasticity index, viscosity of microbes and liquid limit as self-determining (independent) factors. GeneXproTools 5.0 software was used to develop the fitness (objective) function used for Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) to predict hydraulic conductivity of treated lateritic soil with B. coagulans suspension density. The fitness function was then integrated using BFO codes in Matlab 2016 version to predict the minimum hydraulic conductivity for a given set of self-determining factors. The result shows a strong association between the predicted hydraulic conductivity values and the measured hydraulic conductivity values in the laboratory using a regressed line with coefficient of determination R=0.85. It is clear from the optimization results that the hydraulic conductivity values and the self-determining variables have strong correlation. The least hydraulic conductivity value of 2.38×10−11m/s which falls below the permissible regulatory value of 1.0×10−9 m/s for landfill application was achieved at 100 iterations. Based on all the optimization results, it is recommended that lateritic soil-B.coagulans mixtures be compacted with 1.20×10−9 - 2.40×10−9 cells/ml B.coagulans suspension density compacted using Britsh standard heavy (BSH) energy at 15.3 % moisture content for landfill application.
Model uncertainty in concrete breakout resistance of single anchors in shear – assessment of ACI 318 against available alternative
Authors: Olalusi O B , Akinlolu M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This contribution characterises the model uncertainty related to the shear breakout resistance of anchors located towards the edge of concrete members, considering experiments obtained from previous anchor test. The characterisation includes the computation of the sample moments (mean, standard deviation and skewness) required in reliability analysis. The study analysed the predictive models of current design guidelines (ACI 318 and the modified concrete capacity design method [MCCD] method). The assessment demonstrates that ACI 318 has a higher bias and variability compared to the MCCD method. The influence of the breakout resistance parameters on model uncertainty was evaluated, and significant parameters were identified. The edge distance and the anchor diameter are found to be the most influencing parameters. Also, a suitable theoretical probability distribution is required in reliability analysis for the model uncertainty random variable. Accordingly, it is shown that the log-normal distribution is the most appropriate probability distribution for the derived model uncertainty factors.
Assessing the low-cost buildings in Nigeria using Hydraform blocks as walling materials: the journey so far
Authors: Oyebisi S , Ede A , Afolayan O , Oladeji S , Oniemayin B , Lazarus J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Man’s growing desire for affordable and comfortable buildings have necessitated the diversification of materials and methods in the built sector. Thus, this paper assessed the hydraform blocks as walling materials to examine its current level of usage in the Nigerian built sector. Information was generated via literature reviews, newspapers, and professional perceptions. The findings revealed that despite the concerted feats of private developers in the use of hydraform blocks as walling materials for the low-cost building construction in Nigeria, efforts by the Federal Government has yielded limited success in this regard. Also, State Governments have not fared better. Therefore, this paper recommended and proffered solutions to bridge this gap.
Management of construction & demolition waste: barriers and strategies to achieving good waste practice for developing countries
Authors: Olofinnade O M , Manda I , Ede A N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Environmental contamination due to construction and demolition (C&D) waste management is a global issue. It is an even bigger issue specifically for developing countries that encounter different obstacles due to the construction industry’s practices caused by a lack of knowledge and the economic status of these countries. The aim of this study is to review various research conducted in developed and developing countries so as to identify the significant problems and to seek appropriate ways to implement the management of C&D waste in developing countries. The findings of this research were grouped into seven (7) areas, which include the economy, knowledge across the industry, storage and cross-contamination of wastes, technology, design for deconstruction, legislation, and environmental health. Each barrier is attached with a strategy appropriate for developing nations, which would improve the C & D waste management industry if implemented. This study’s results can be used as a reference for further research into these barriers to develop comprehensive strategies that will significantly improve the C&D waste management industry.