bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melodic ornamentation from Muffat to Telemann
Authors:   , Ward Megan 
Published: November 2021

<p>Writers on 18th-century musical ornamentation have traditionally focused on the execution of notated ornaments, and on certain disputes arising from ambiguous and contradictory primary sources. Less attention has been given to the addition of ornaments where not prescribed by the composer. Such ornaments can be short, defined, patterns such as trills, turns, and mordents, or larger measured or unmeasured additions known as diminutions, divisions, or passaggi. Additions of this nature are only in the rarest of cases compulsory. However, the practice of more or less spontaneous embellishment by the performer was so integral to pre-19th-century musical culture that this must have had a significant effect on composition. The scope of this thesis is loosely defined by its titular composers, covering the period between Georg Muffat‟s later publications in the last years of the 17th century and G.P. Telemann‟s death in 1767. Both lived and worked in the German states, a region which had traditionally looked to Italian models of composition and performance. This period saw a flowering of German composition into its own unique and diverse genre which integrated aspects of various styles, most prominently Italian and French music. This thesis centres on stringed instruments, but is directly relevant to woodwind players. Many aspects are also transferrable to the keyboard and to vocal music; however, these musicians will find a large volume of more targeted research elsewhere.</p>
Planning for the future: Addressing the spatial accessibility of aged residential care facilities in New Zealand
Authors:   , Daubé Jacob Eric 
Published: November 2021

<p>Evidence in New Zealand suggests that spatial access to aged residential care facilities (ARCFs) has been declining. Poor spatial access to facilities has been shown internationally to lead to reduced frequency of visitation by family and friends, and in turn poorer mental health and wellbeing of people in care. However, the New Zealand population is ageing and older people are increasing as a proportion of the total population. Subsequently, total demand for ARCFs is set to increase dramatically and a substantial number of facilities will likely need to be built by 2026. The intent of this thesis is to explore how geographic information science (GIS) methods can be used to identify potential locations for these ARCFs in New Zealand so that travel time for friends and family is minimised. Providers were surveyed on the relative importance of a series of spatial attributes when deciding where to place new facilities. Maps for each spatial attribute were generated from their preferences and overlaid using weighted linear combination and areas exceeding a suitability threshold were identified as potential locations. To choose optimal locations, maximal covering location-allocation models were used based on projected populations and demand for 2026. The spatial accessibility of these locations was then compared to the spatial accessibility of facilities in 2011. The results suggest that GIS methods have the potential to improve the spatial access to ARCFs to friends and family of people in care.</p>
Impact of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) on Rural Communities' Livelihoods in Xiengkhouang Province, Lao PDR
Authors:   , Soulineyadeth Sopha 
Published: November 2021

<p>For over 30 years since the end of the Second Indochina War, UXO (Unexploded Ordnance) contamination in Laos has been a major issue. Laos is considered the most heavily bombed country in the world in terms of quantity of ammunition per capita. Approximately 25 percent of the villages are contaminated with UXO, and a third of the country’s total area is covered by UXO contamination, comprising around 87 thousand square kilometres. This severely limits the expansion of agricultural production, which leads to scarcity of food supplies, and limits local people’s ability to achieve sustainable livelihoods. Thus, UXO is both a significant challenge to community development and national social and economic development. UXOs are also the cause of many accidents in Laos, the casualties are often farmers who are involved in agricultural activities. Between 1999 and 2012, 934 casualties which was divided into 655 injuries and 279 deaths. This study was conducted in Xienkhouang province, Lao PDR, a region heavily affected by UXO. The aim of this thesis is to explore the policies and institutions working on UXO in this province, the major difficulties rural communities face in their livelihoods in relation to UXO and the strategies they are using to cope with these difficulties, and to provide a reflection on how to improve support for these communities. Applying the sustainable livelihood framework as its conceptual framework, this research followed a qualitative approach involving the conduction of 24 semi-structured interviews, including 15 villagers and 9 interviews from organisations working on the UXO domain. Understanding of the impact of UXO on rural communities' livelihoods an their coping mechanism is crucial to expand debates within development studies in post-conflict settings, as well as for both practitioners and policy makers.</p>
Water Performance Benchmarks for New Zealand: Understanding Water Consumption in Commercial Office Buildings
Authors:   , Bint Lee Ellen 
Published: November 2021

<p>There is an increasing amount of literature outlining the issues underlying water shortages and restrictions to come in most regions of New Zealand. The problem is not helped by rising demands and climatic changes, as well as both a lack of measured data, and a lack of any demand-side incentives. No attempt has been made to assess how the users of commercial buildings are consuming potable water. There are no benchmarks for water performance in buildings, hindering attempts to improve water efficiency. This study investigated the water use in 93 Auckland and Wellington commercial office buildings. The data collected from both survey level water audits (on-site investigations, historic billing analysis) and full water audits (water monitoring), were used to develop market-based water performance benchmarks, and a Water Efficiency Rating Tool (WERT). This was done to understand water consumption in these buildings, and to determine the feasibility of using performance based data for the development of a water benchmarking system. The principal results were in the form of both a benchmarking index system, and the WERT. The benchmarking study found that Net Lettable Area (NLA) was the most statistically and pragmatically appropriate driver for water use. lt also found that, due to the distinct difference in tariff structures and incentives between Auckland and Wellington, different benchmarks for the two regions (Auckland 'Typical' use 0.76m³ / m² / year, and Wellington 'Typical' use 1.03m³ / m² / year) were required. The WERT calculates a building Water Use Index (WUI- m³ / m² / year) , estimates its end-use disaggregation, and provides recommendations through outlining the financial viability of implementing specific water efficiency measures. This tool utilised six design criteria to ensure target market usability: accuracy (demonstrated at ±8. 5%) ; relevance and realism; practicality; promotion of understanding and action; objectivity; and effective communication. Further recommendations included satisfying some of the many knowledge gaps present in the New Zealand water industry concerning office building water use. These included: introducing a national legislative or standard document providing guidelines on demand-side management of water; investigation into changing tariff structures to include a volumetric charge for all building types to increase individual awareness and education of water use; research into the durability of water meters; and expanding the research to include other New Zealand regions.</p>
Bayesian multiple target tracking
Authors:   , Choppala Praveen Babu 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis addresses several challenges in Bayesian target tracking, particularly for array signal processing applications, and for multiple targets. The optimal method for multiple target tracking is the Bayes’ joint filter that operates by hypothesising all the targets collectively using a joint state. As a consequence, the computational complexity of the filter increases rapidly with the number of targets. The probability hypothesis density and the multi-Bernoulli filters that overcome this complexity do not possess a suitable framework to operate directly on phased sensor array data. Instead, such data is converted into beamformer images in which close targets may not be effectively resolved and much information is lost. This thesis develops a multiple signal classification (MUSIC) based multi-target particle filter that improves upon the filters mentioned above. A MUSIC based multi-Bernoulli particle filter is also developed, that operates more directly on array data. The above mentioned particle filters require a resampling step which impedes information accumulation over successive observations, and affects the detection of very covert targets. This thesis develops soft resampling and soft systematic resampling to overcome this problem without affecting the accuracy of approximation. Additionally, modified Kolmogorov-Smirnov testing is proposed, to numerically evaluate the accuracy of the particle filter approximation.</p>
New Zealand midwives' management of perineal trauma during childbirth: A survey of practice
Authors:   , Cronin Robin 
Published: November 2021

<p>Background: Perineal trauma is the most common complication of vaginal birth and how this is treated has an impact on the incidence and duration of pain and dysfunction. Responsibility for the management of women’s perinea after uncomplicated births in New Zealand ordinarily rests with midwives although this is a little known aspect of practice. This study aimed to identify how midwives assess and manage second degree perineal trauma, the level to which their practice reflects best evidence, and what influences midwives’ decision-making. Methods: A descriptive approach using an online survey of 75 questions was used to access the population of 2910 New Zealand midwives. Inclusion criterion was current perineal management. Quantitative data were collected and associations examined using chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Interval data were analysed with a two-sample t-test. Results: 818 midwives returned a questionnaire, 744 (25% of the midwifery population) met the inclusion criteria. Evidence-based suturing material for repair of the last second degree tear was used by 96%. Correct suturing technique throughout all layers of repair was 42%. Rectal examination during assessment was performed by 45% increasing to 86% after repair. Confidence to repair was directly related to years since midwifery qualification (p<.001) and self-employment (p<.001). The tear was left unsutured by 7% and associated with reduced confidence with repair (p<.001), lack of recent experience with repair (p<.001), and home birth (p=.002). Unsutured tears were shorter than sutured tears (vaginal/perineal length, p<.001; depth, p=.004) and associated with delayed healing (p=.034). Care to six weeks postpartum was provided by 377 midwives. Perineal analgesia included oral medication (76%), pelvic floor exercises (44%), cooling (38%), and suppositories (31%). Visual assessments of healing were performed by 84% of midwives, 49% of women, and 7% of support people. Complications of infection (2%), pain (2%), and healing delay (3%) were uncommon. Conclusions: This research has added a New Zealand midwifery practice perspective to the existing literature on second degree perineal care. Potential for reductions in perineal morbidity were identified, even though New Zealand midwifery care already has a low rate of complications compared to international studies.</p>
Architecture & the Intangibles
Authors:   , McPhail Hamish B. 
Published: November 2021

<p>New Zealand has a high rate of mental disorders affecting 1 in 5 people. Current guidelines only outline building typologies and do not question the deeper affect of one’s perception of the built environment. This thesis seeks to help understand the affect of architecture on mental illness: specifically the condition of depression. In order to comprehend the relationship between architecture/space and its inhabitant, this thesis will firstly investigate how intangible elements such as colour, light; form etc. can alter the perception and experience of space. Secondly through case studies, text and drawings the thesis will examine the affect of the intangibles on the state of mental illness/depression. The negative aspect of architecture activating depression will be examined. This will assist in understanding how architecture can positively affect occupants of space with depression. Architecture and its relationship with depression will be examined to conclude whether it is a contributing factor. Architecture as therapy or as a therapeutic agent is proposed to engage aspects of the intangible. Investigation and comprehension of depression will lead to the selection of the site and a specific programme; then develop analysis to draw conclusions creating design considerations for treatment facilities. Furthermore it will translate ideas and theories from the framework into tangible physical identities. In depth critical analysis of existing precedents and understanding historical facilities is a key part of this research, building upon discovered issues. A case study design is aimed at creating architecture as therapy, which better understands the relationship of the ‘intangible’ in architecture. This thesis will propose a strategy to develop the specificity of architecture for therapy, to assist in addressing the specific treatment of severe depression in a New Zealand context, with the hope of increasing the success of therapy and rehabilitation.</p>
A new old age?: Exploring the values, attitudes and expectations of baby boomers and their implications for policy and practice in an ageing society
Authors:   , Glasgow Kathy 
Published: November 2021

<p>As a large age cohort, baby boomers needs, attitudes and behaviour can have a substantial impact on society. Despite international predictions that older boomers will behave in very different ways to current generations of older people little scholarly research has to date been done to explore „kiwi boomers‟ attitudes to ageing or the underlying values that may predispose them to behave in a particular manner as older workers, consumers, voters and family members. This study explores boomers views about their own ageing and considers how their expectations, attitudes and beliefs and underlying values may influence their behaviour as they age. Policy implications are then considered. Discourse analysis reveals prevailing paradigms and the degree of disparity or congruence with boomers‟ views is considered. Eleven focus groups were held in urban and semi-rural settings around New Zealand with boomers born 1946 – 1965, to explore participants' views on ageing, their expected lifestyle in future years, what forms of assistance they expected to give or receive, and what attitudes and values they felt baby boomers typically had that may influence their behaviour in older age. Results are triangulated with existing data on boomers in New Zealand. Where possible comparisons are drawn with boomers in other countries and with older and younger generations in New Zealand. Results indicate these boomers have a sense of common identity. Many articulated and appeared to have internalised common discourses about the boomer generation, although differences between older and younger, urban and provincial, socio-economic and ethnic groups were apparent. Most believed they would age differently to current generations of older people. These boomers are interested in new forms of work, more flexible, creative lifestyles and more supportive living arrangements. They have a strong work ethic, but they value work/life balance, choice, freedom and autonomy in decision-making. They anticipate working longer, but on their own terms. They believe they should provide for their families, but the state has a responsibility to reduce inequities and support those in need. Like their parents they value self-reliance and independence, but also inter-dependence and inter-generational care responsibilities. There was a desire for more innovative intra-cohort care and support. Despite areas of commonality, a key feature of the boomer cohort is their diversity and this presents a major challenge for policy and service development. Boomers accept their status as change agents. They anticipate drawing on previous experience to collectively influence policy. While it remains unclear on which issues they may converge, findings suggest the boomer cohort has the potential and inclination to advocate for social change. Processes of policy development will need to adapt to effectively work, with and not against this cohort.</p>
The Impact of Antenatal Breastfeeding Education on Young Women’s Breastfeeding Self-efficacy and Breastfeeding Rates
Authors:   , Jackson Nicola Jane 
Published: November 2021

<p>Background: Despite the known benefits of breastfeeding to the mother, baby and society as a whole, young women’s breastfeeding rates are generally poor compared to older mothers. Effective antenatal education has been identified as one way to improve these rates. Whether or not antenatal breastfeeding education for young women can make a significant impact on their breastfeeding success is of paramount concern in this research. An important and modifiable variable, identified in the literature as influencing breastfeeding outcomes, is self-efficacy (confidence in ability to breastfeed). This breastfeeding self-efficacy in young mothers is of great interest due to this group and their infants being vulnerable in terms of breastfeeding initiation and continuation. Aim: This study aimed to identify the effects of antenatal breastfeeding education on the self-efficacy, experience and duration of breastfeeding for young women. It also aimed to replicate aspects of prior research in this area conducted overseas to see if those findings could be generalized to a New Zealand setting. Method: A repeated measure design using an existing validated tool was utilised to quantify breastfeeding self-efficacy, prior to and following, an antenatal breastfeeding education session for young pregnant women aged less than 25 years old. Findings: Breastfeeding antenatal education improved breastfeeding self-efficacy scores in urban young women less than 25 years of age. The Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale (short form), was found to be a reliable tool to test this. Whilst initiation rates were high in this group, there was no statistically significant link with breastfeeding self-efficacy and the duration and continuation of breastfeeding. Conclusion: Whilst breastfeeding antenatal education was shown to increase breastfeeding self-efficacy, there are many confounding factors influencing breastfeeding initiation and continuation for young women. The findings have contributed to the knowledge about breastfeeding patterns of young New Zealand women. It may be that despite international findings, an increased breastfeeding self-efficacy in this setting doesn’t impact on the rates of breastfeeding of urban New Zealand young mothers. Further research with an increased sample size and comparison groups is warranted.</p>
Beyond University: Photovoice portraits of some Cambodian young women’s education, identities, and rights
Authors:   , Rogers Anna Vesta 
Published: November 2021

<p>‘Educate a Girl. Change the World.’ Faith in this universalising, simple creed permeates development discourse on education and empowerment. Yet these processes are complex, embedded in specific contexts, and dependent upon many factors outside of formal schooling. This research aims to cut through the vague mists of this discourse by exploring processes of education and empowerment for six young Cambodian women. A small minority of such women graduate from university, and their negotiations with personal, professional, and political life illustrate opportunities and constraints in claiming their education and rights. This research drew from feminist epistemologies and used participatory photovoice methodology. Each participant selected 20 of her photographs which addressed aspects of education and empowerment important to her. Those photographs then guided our semi-structured interviews. This epistemology and methodology allowed women’s images and words to be strongly represented in the thesis and effectively elucidated the complexity and interconnectedness of learning and empowerment processes in the many spheres of these young women’s lives. Through participants’ images and words, this study illustrates factors that supported and challenged the young women in claiming higher education, how that education influenced the many-layered personal and professional identities they formed, and how they engaged in efforts to build women’s networks and claim public political space. These findings indicate several factors deserving greater attention and research in development: the importance of siblings to educational attainment, the utility of interweaving traditional and alternate gendered identities, the value of women’s networks for transformational learning, and the challenges in claiming public political space when elite ownership of development is tacitly accepted. These findings demonstrate that many interwoven strands influence educational outcomes and processes of empowerment above and beyond formal schooling. These effects do not manifest in a linear fashion. When the education-women’s empowerment-development nexus is better understood and grounded in women’s rights, this enhances development outcomes for young women.</p>
The urban brewery
Authors:   , Wrigley Jeane 
Published: November 2021

<p>The effects of an increasingly global and mass produced marketplace has led to a change in consumer values. In an attempt to mediate the current marketplace where consumers are beginning to experience exhaustion as their choices continue to increase, the consumer is employing new means of determining value. Value is increasingly being sough by the new consumer beyond the product itself, and includes the consideration of product customisation and honest production practice and promotion. Despite the development of techniques to mediate the current state of the consumption environment, there is a lack of research into how this could be explored through architecture. This thesis argues that architecture can be used to support the changing nature of the consumption environment, through a physical interpretation of the social needs of the new consumer. A reassessment of the environment designed for consumption is necessary, in order to physically facilitate the increase of consumer awareness of consumption habits and the effects of their given choices. The layout of this research is broken into two main bodies of work. Part one focuses on the architectural proposition through an analysis of literature, whilst part two explores the fundamental facets of the design solution. The new consumer addressed within the literature and alongside the case study and site analysis is translated spatially, throughout this design led research. The architectural application of new consumer ideals within a consumption program has resulted in the design - The Urban Brewery. The brewery program showcases the potentials for social values to be transformed into a spatial dialogue. Successful facilitation of the new consumer is sought through increased engagement between people, product and program. This thesis concludes that architectural integration of social values and spatial organisation is important to the construction of the future consumption environment.</p>