bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saliva as a Potential SARS-CoV-2 Reservoir
Authors: Munhoz Luciana , Haddad Denise S. , Arita Emiko S. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Saliva is a reservoir for biologic indicators and has a diverse microflora, which is critical particularly for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. Notwithstanding, saliva also could be applied as a noninvasive method to COVID-19 diagnosis and disease evolution monitoring. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the main findings regarding to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection repercussion in saliva and/or salivary glands, addressing the following questions: What has been published regarding to the presence and implications of COVID-19 in saliva or salivary glands? and What are the researchers’ main results and conclusions?.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 31 published articles were included (27 research articles and 4 case reports). PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched till August 2020. The terms COVID-19, novel coronavirus, and SARS-CoV-2 were combined with the keywords salivary gland, saliva, sialadenitis, parotid gland, sublingual gland submandibular gland, salivary gland disease, and minor salivary gland using the Boolean operator “AND.”

Results:
In this study, researchers’ main results and conclusions were exposed in tables. The main subjects of the articles were detection and viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva, the influence of mouthwashes in SARS-CoV-2, and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols.

Conclusion:
Although deep throat saliva may be used as a diagnostic tool to SAR-CoV-2 diagnosis, researchers found that the viral load in saliva is lower than in respiratory secretions.
Evaluation of Collagen Birefringence in Oral Reactive Lesions Using Picrosirius Red Stain Under Polarized Light Microscopy
Authors: Shirona A.P. , Hegde Usha , Sreeshyla H.S. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Oral reactive lesions are relatively common. Collagen is the basic component of such overgrowths that could be fibrous or inflammatory. Hence, understanding the type, nature, and distribution of collagen fibers can aid in our knowledge and better management of these lesions.

Materials and Methods:
Ten paraffin blocks of each of the following lesions − giant-cell granuloma (L1), inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (L2), pyogenic granuloma (L3), fibroma (L4), and peripheral ossifying fibroma (L5) − were retrieved from the archives. They were analyzed for their collagen birefringence property under polarized microscopy after picrosirius red stain. The demographic details of all the cases were recorded and evaluated.

Results:
In our study, giant-cell granulomas were commonly observed between third and seventh decades of life, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasias between second and fifth decades of life, yogenic granulomas in sixth decade, fibromas in fifth and sixth decades, and peripheral ossifying fibromas in second and fourth decade of life. All the lesions were predominant in females and commonly observed on gingiva. L5 lesions showed more areas of green birefringence followed by L1, L2, and L3 groups of lesions showed more of red birefringence than other lesions. Mixed birefringence of orange-red and green-yellow was almost same in all the lesions. All these findings were significant statistically.

Conclusion:
A plausible conclusion that the lesions with mature red fibers have better prognosis than the lesions with immature green fibers, in reactive oral lesions could be drawn.
Comparison of Condylar Bone Density in Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Images of Patients with and without Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Authors: Eisazadeh Maryam , Khojastepour Leila , Haghnegahdar Abdolaziz , Soltani Parisa 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are the main source of orofacial pain of nondental origin. Density changes in mandibular condyles of patients with TMD have not been well documented. The aim of this study was to compare condylar head bone density values in patient with and without TMD in cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images.

Materials and Methods:
CBCT images of 70 patients with TMD and 70 age- and sex-controlled individuals were studied. Density of the cancellous bone in the left and right condylar heads was measured on a CBCT slice with the widest mediolateral dimension. Moreover, absence of at least one maxillary or mandibular posterior tooth (except for third molars) was recorded. Interclass correlation, t test, and Chi-squared test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Bone density in the condylar head significantly increased in patients with TMD compared with the non-TMD group (P < 0.001). The difference between males and females in each group was not significant (P = 0.182). Condylar head bone density in patients with TMD with posterior missing teeth was significantly less than individuals without missing teeth (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
Increased density of condylar head must be regarded as a potential diagnostic tool for TMD when interpreting CBCT images of the joints.
Patient perspectives on biological treatments for inflammatory arthritis: A multi-center study in Korea
Authors: Choi In Ah , Kim Ji Hyoun , Hae Chang Sung , Song Ran , Ha You-Jung , Won Kim Hye , Seok Lee Jeong , Choi Byoongyong , Oh Yoon-Jeong , Moon Ki Won 
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the patient’s perception of the use of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and provide a basis for physicians to understand the patient’s perspective.
Patients and methods: Between December 2018 and June 2019, a total of 307 patients (162 males, 145 females; mean age: 48 years; range, 18 to 81 years) were included in this investigator-initiated, multi-center, observational, and cross-sectional study in six rheumatology centers. We asked patients using bDMARDs to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) to complete a questionnaire regarding major considerations and satisfaction with bDMARDs, preferred administration route, knowledge about bDMARDs, experiences of adverse events, non-adherence, and expectations of their healthcare provider. The satisfaction of physician and clinical information on the patient's disease and treatment were also collected.
Results: Of the patients, 139 had RA and 168 had AS. Median disease duration was six years in RA and five years in AS. A total of 80.1% of the patients and 77.1% of the physicians indicated being satisfied or very satisfied with the therapeutic effect of the current bDMARD. Most patients were open to intravenous or subcutaneous injection, with the most preferred route of administration being subcutaneous (41.3%), followed by intravenous (32.0%), and oral (26.7%). The patients considered therapeutic effect to be more important than cost or convenience while choosing a bDMARD (69.3%), and most were willing to be educated about therapeutic effects (46.1%). Only 35.2% of the patients reported well and/or very well knowledge about the therapeutic effects, side effects, and administration methods of their current bDMARD, and 86.6% cited their physician as the primary source of information about biological treatment.
Conclusion: Patients value therapeutic effect more than cost or convenience while selecting a bDMARD, and consider their physicians to be the primary information source. Therefore, it is important for physicians to provide appropriate education and encourage patients to cooperate actively with treatment.
ASSÉDIO E O ABUSO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR:
Authors: De Oliveira Haile Vanessa , Carbonar dos Santos Adelaine Ellis 
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo identificar os casos de assédio e abuso no ensino superior da cidade de Ponta Grossa/Paraná. Buscando analisar como se evidenciam e se originam esses casos, foram recolhidos depoimentos de acadêmicos de ambos os gêneros, visando compreender a situação na perspectiva da vítima, analisando como elas, suas testemunhas e seus supervisores estão tratando os assuntos referentes ao tema. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário on-line composto de questões objetivas e questões descritivas. Todos os casos apresentados ocorreram por haver uma relação de poder entre agressor e vítima, seja essa relação uma hierarquia institucional, de cargos, classe, raça ou de gênero.
Palavras-chaveEnsino Superior, Gênero, Violência, Relação professor-aluno, Relações de poder.

HARASSMENT AND ABUSE IN HIGHER EDUCATION: from aggressions to institutional omission
AbstractThe purpose of this article is to identify cases of harassment and abuse in higher education of the city of Ponta Grossa, Paraná. Seeking out to analyze how these cases are evidenced and originated, testimonials were collected from academics of both genders, in order to understand the situation from the perspective of the victim, analyzing how they, their witnesses and their supervisors are dealing with the subjects. The data was collected by means of on-line questionnaire composed of objective questions and descriptive questions. All cases presented occurred because there is a power relation between aggressor and victim, whether that relationship is an institutional, job, class, race or gender hierarchy.
KeywordsHigher Education, Gender, Violence, Teacher-student relationship, Power relations.
Mewariskan Memori Kolektif Sebagai Pendekatan Pendampingan Dan Konseling Untuk Meningkatkan Pembangunan Jemaat Adang
Authors: Berimau Irene Febriani , Engel Jacob Daan , Ranimpi Yulius 
Published: August 2021

Each region certainly has its own past stories in the early church. In this case, the individual or group begins to remember something that happened in themselves and he can do memory activities while talking, listening and many other ways of remembering. Congregations in the current era, in understanding the meaning of togetherness in allied life, have begun to erode and fade. The purpose of this study is to describe the collective memory heritage of the congregation and to develop a counselling approach to promote congregational development. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical pattern. From the results of the research, the authors see that the church today is in dire need of counselling assistance in church development. The integrity of a congregation is highly expected for every individual and group through fellowship that is carried out within the scope of the church and society in increasing harmonious and peaceful life. AbstrakSetiap daerah tentu memiliki cerita-cerita masa lalu tersendiri pada jemaat mula-mula. Dalam hal ini, individu atau kelompok mulai mengingat-ingat sesuatu yang terjadi dalam diri pribadinya dan ia dapat melakukan aktivitas mengingat-ingat ketika sedang berbicara, mendengarkan dan masih banyak lagi cara mengingat-ingat lainnya. Jemaat di era saat ini, dalam memahami arti kebersamaan dalam hidup bersekutu sudah mulai terkikis dan memudar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan warisan memori kolektif jemaat Adang dan mengembangkan pendekatan konseling untuk meningkatkan pembangunan jemaat Adang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan pola deskriptif-analitis. Dari hasil penelitian penulis melihat bahwa jemaat Adang saat ini sangat membutuhkan pendampingan konseling dalam pembangunan jemaat. Keutuhan suatu jemaat sangat di harapkan bagi setiap individu maupun kelompok melalui persekutuan yang dilakukan dalam lingkup gereja maupun masyarakat dalam meningkatkan hidup rukun dan damai.
Espectroscopia solar com instrumento alternativo
Authors: Schmidt Guilherme , Benincá Thalita , Oliveira Adriano 
Published: August 2021

Neste trabalho, os monitores do Observatório Astronômico do Ifes Guarapari (OAIG), que são alunos do Ensino Médio, construíram um espectroscópio baseado no trabalho de Azevedo, Souza e Castro, de 2019. Como a proposta era desenvolver um instrumento de baixo custo e acessível, foram feitas algumas modificações no modelo. Essas alterações consistiram na substituição da rede de difração por um DVD e também na troca do dispositivo de captura de imagem por uma webcam. O aparato construído foi utilizado para coletar o espectro solar.Apesar das limitações impostas, devido a faixa de sensibilidade da webcam e ao poder de resolução do DVD, os resultados obtidos mostraram que algumas linhas de Fraunhofer coincidem com aquelas presentes na literatura, com destaque para o Fe I e Mg I.Apesar desta limitação, o aparato cumpre seu objetivo didático e possibilita a abordagem de temas ligados à física quântica e a óptica física. Por outro lado, o uso da CCD e de uma rede de difração comercial com mais ranhuras, melhorariam significativamente os resultados obtidos, do mesmo modo que, aumentaria o custo de construção.
LA DEPENDENCIA ECONÓMICA LOCAL. UN ESTUDIO DE LOS ENTES MUNICIPALES DE LA COMUNIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL PAÍS VASCO
Authors: PÉREZ CASTAÑOS SERGIO 
Published: August 2021

Este artículo versa sobre las relaciones intergubernamentales existentes
en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco y como los diferentes conflictos
y regulaciones existentes han influido en la situación económico-financiera de los
ayuntamientos vascos. En un primer momento se explicará la estructura institucional
y de relaciones intergubernamentales existente en el seno de la Comunidad
Autónoma para después, explicitar el entramado legal existente tanto en el ámbito
competencial como financiero para los entes locales. Finalmente, se aportarán
una serie de datos económicos del período 2009-2012 para explicitar cuál es la situación
económica municipal y cuál ha sido su evolución a lo largo de los últimos
años. Para concluir, se aportarán algunas conclusiones y pautas futuras.
Artikulu hau Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko gobernuen arteko
harremanei buruzkoa da, baita gatazkek eta erregulazioen arteko aldeek Euskadiko
udalen egoera ekonomiko-finantzarioan izan duten eraginari buruzkoa ere. Hasieran,
Autonomia Erkidegoaren egitura instituzionala eta gobernuen arteko harremanak
azalduko dira; ondoren, udal-erakundeen eskumenen eta finantzaren arloetako
legeak esplikatuko dira. Azkenik, 2009-2012 aldiko zenbait datu ekonomiko erabiliz,
udalen egoera ekonomikoa zein den eta azken urteetako bilakaera azalduko dira.
Amaitzeko, hainbat ondorio eta etorkizunerako jarraibideak ere emango dira.
This article deals with the intergovernmental relationships within
the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country and how the different conflicts
and existing regulations have influenced the economic and financial situation
of the Basque municipalities. Firstly, we will explain the institutional framework
and the intergovernmental relationship within the Autonomous Community and
thereafter explicit the existing legal scheme both in the field of competences
and in the economic field for the local entities. Finally, some economic data of the
2009-2012 period will be supplied in order to make it clear which is the municipal
economic situation and the last years¿ evolution. To conclude, some conclusions
and future guidelines are given.
Leveraging latent persistency in the United States patent and trademark applications to gain insight into the evolution of an innovation-driven economy
Authors: Daizadeh Iraj 
Published: August 2021

Objective: An understanding of when one or more external factors may influence the evolution of innovation tracking indices (such as US patent and trademark applications (PTA)) is an important aspect of examining economic progress/regress. Using exploratory statistics, the analysis uses a novel tool to leverage the long-range dependency (LRD) intrinsic to PTA to resolve when such factor(s) may have caused significant disruptions in the evolution of the indices, and thus give insight into substantive economic growth dynamics. Approach: This paper explores the use of the Chronological Hurst Exponent (CHE) to explore the LRD using overlapping time windows to quantify long-memory dynamics in the monthly PTA time-series spanning 1977 to 2016. Results/Discussion: The CHE is found to increase in a clear S-curve pattern, achieving persistence (H~1) from non-persistence (H~0.5). For patents, the inflection occurred over a span of 10 years (1980-1990), while it was much sharper (3 years) for trademarks (1977-1980). Conclusions/Originality/Value: This analysis suggests (in part) that the rapid augmentation in R&D expenditure and the introduction of the various patent directed policy acts (e.g., Bayh-Dole, Stevenson-Wydler) are the key impetuses behind persistency, latent in PTA. The post-1990’s exogenic factors seem to be simply maintaining the high degree and consistency of the persistency metric. These findings suggest investigators should consider latent persistency when using these data and the CHE may be an important tool to investigate the impact of substantive exogenous variables on growth dynamics.
A proposal for tsunami mitigation by using coastal vegetations
Authors: Mardiatno Djati 
Published: August 2021

This research was conducted at the southern coastal area of central Java Island, Indonesia. It is aimed to identify several coastal vegetation characteristics for development of guideline for planning and design of tsunami mitigation. Survey method was applied to observe common coastal vegetation in the research area. Data collected from the survey consisted of vegetation parameters and coastal morphology. All selected vegetations were analyzed for their allometry relation of each species, maximum density, correlation between breaking moment and trunk diameter of each tree species, and correlation between trunk diameter and spacing between trees for each species. For coastal morphology, it was focused on topography and elevation from sea level.
The results show that trees with the hard wood will be stronger to hold the pull moment on the main trunk. Younger trees with smaller diameter tend to be more flexible, thus they will unbreakable during the test. The other trees which have flexible trunk such as Terminalia catappa and Anacardium occidentale were often pulled out their roots than broken on their trunks. To obtain more extensive characteristic, it is necessary to carry out advanced measurements, especially on the older trees which have more than 10 cm diameter.
Coastal areas consist of mud and sand materials tend to have a high tsunami risk, although mitigation treatments were different for both types. At the muddy area, the recommended vegetation are Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata, meanwhile Casuarina equisetifolia and Anacardium occidentale, due to their high flexibility, will be more suitable on the sandy coast. Both types should be planted parallel to the shoreline. Casuarina is planted in the frontline followed by Anacardium behind it.
Bioinformatics analysis and biological experiments support an emerging role of ELK3 in glioma
Authors: Dong Jiangtao , Xu Hui , Chen Fulei , Wang Shilong , Wang Yang , Zhu Licang 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionGlioma is a malignant tumor that recurs easily. This study aimed at investigating the biological effect of ELK3 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its prognostic value.Material and methodsBioinformatics analyses were performed to determine the expression and prognostic value of ELK3. The biological properties of glioma cells (A172 and LN229) were evaluated by cell counting kit-8, plate cloning and transwell assays. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) website was used to analyze the relationship between ELK3 expression and EMT-related markers. Western blotting was applied to detect the protein levels.ResultsELK3 is highly expressed in glioma and significantly associated with poor prognosis (p < 0.05), presenting promising value in the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of glioma. Further biological assays revealed that cell viability was notably reduced after down-regulating ELK3 (p < 0.01). The numbers of colonies formed by A172 (145.30 ± 12.86 vs. 300.30 ± 11.68) and LN229 (125.70 ± 4.04 vs. 256.00 ± 20.07) cells were decreased after transfection of si-ELK3 (p < 0.01). The numbers of invaded and migrated glioma cells in si-ELK3 group were decreased by about half (p < 0.01). Moreover, ELK3 was positively correlated with N-Cadherin (R = 0.21), Snail1 (R = 0.43), Slug (R = 0.6) and Vimentin (R = 0.35), and depletion of ELK3 reduced the levels of these EMT-related markers more than a half (p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur observations illustrated that ELK3 was highly expressed in glioma and played a promoting role in the growth and mobility of glioma cells partly by modulating EMT progress.
Een theoretische en methodologische analyse van empirisch onderzoek naar psychisch welbevinden in zelfsturende teams
Authors: van Mierlo Heleen , G. Rutte Christel , A.J. Kompier Michiel , A.C.M. Doorewaard Hans 
Published: August 2021

A theoretical and methodological analysis of empirical studies on psychological well-being in self-managing teams
A theoretical and methodological analysis of empirical studies on psychological well-being in self-managing teams
H. van Mierlo, C.G. Rutte, M.A.J. Kompier, H.A.C.M. Doorewaard, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 17, February 2004, nr.1, pp 43-58.
In this review of literature we discuss 28 empirical studies on self-managing teams and psychological well-being. Taken together, these studies provide surprisingly little ground for general conclusions with regard to the effects of self-managing teams on the well-being of team members. The only variable that is consistently related to self-managing teamwork is job satisfaction. To gain insight in the possible causes for the lack of consistent results, the design of the studies is critically examined. It is concluded that researchers largely ignore the multilevel character of their research domain. Preliminary evidence is presented for the assumption that the inconsistent results may in part be explained by the way researchers deal with this multilevel character. It is therefore argued that future studies on self-managing teams and well-being should pay more attention to level issues, both in theoretical development and in data collection and statistical treatment.
Leiderschap in organisaties: start van een nieuwe reeks
Authors: N. den Hartog Deanne , L. Koopman Paul , Vinkenburg Claartje 
Published: August 2021

For decades, leadership has been a central theme in international social sciences studies. The central focus varies from leadership styles, to perceptions of leadership and personality traits of leaders. Another subject that has been examined using various methods is the effect of leaders on performance and attitudes of employees. Attention has also been given to the impact of various aspects of the context in which leaders work. Ever since its first issue was published, Gedrag & Organisatie has printed all kinds of articles on leadership. In the upcoming issues of Gedrag & Organisatie a series of articles will be published on developments in current leadership research in Dutch speaking regions. As an introduction to the series this article reviews leadership research as conducted to date, based on articles that have been published in Gedrag & Organisatie over the years.
For decades, leadership has been a central theme in international social sciences studies. The central focus varies from leadership styles, to perceptions of leadership and personality traits of leaders. Another subject that has been examined using various methods is the effect of leaders on performance and attitudes of employees. Attention has also been given to the impact of various aspects of the context in which leaders work. Ever since its first issue was published, Gedrag & Organisatie has printed all kinds of articles on leadership. In the upcoming issues of Gedrag & Organisatie a series of articles will be published on developments in current leadership research in Dutch speaking regions. As an introduction to the series this article reviews leadership research as conducted to date, based on articles that have been published in Gedrag & Organisatie over the years.