bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban temporary housing environments—from a systematic comparison towards an integrated typology
Authors: Stocker Mirjam , Schneider Gerda , Zeilinger Julia , Rose Gloria , Damyanovic Doris , Huber-Humer Marion 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHousing plays a central role in everyday life and the fulfillment of human needs. Temporary housing demand can occur due to migration, extreme environmental events or personal decisions, and is expected to increase in the upcoming years. This study aims to create a general understanding of temporary housing. We conducted an integrated comparison of 66 international temporary housing examples via tabulation (table work), in an interdisciplinary manner considering details regarding built structure, open spaces, area, infrastructure, organizational and socio-economic aspects. It is the first time that a systematic comparison via tabulation (based on the approach of Braun-Blanquet) is used to classify temporary housing environments. The process is described in detail. The application of the systematic comparison creates a detailed typology that allows extensions and further differentiations. The types that emerge from the tabulation have specific concepts regarding the structural-spatial organization, technical infrastructure, and organizational matters, among others. The typology was further examined in the context of previous groupings in published literature. This novel approach of analyzing and structuring temporary housing offers a comprehensive perspective that can work as a universal understanding and language for precise communication among different disciplines regarding temporary housing.
Predicting catchment-scale methane fluxes with multi-source remote sensing
Authors: Räsänen Aleksi , Manninen Terhikki , Korkiakoski Mika , Lohila Annalea , Virtanen Tarmo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context
Spatial patterns of CH4 fluxes can be modeled with remotely sensed data representing land cover, soil moisture and topography. Spatially extensive CH4 flux measurements conducted with portable analyzers have not been previously upscaled with remote sensing.

Objectives
How well can the CH4 fluxes be predicted with plot-based vegetation measures and remote sensing? How does the predictive skill of the model change when using different combinations of predictor variables?

Methods
We measured CH4 fluxes in 279 plots in a 12.4 km2 peatland-forest-mosaic landscape in Pallas area, northern Finland in July 2019. We compared 20 different CH4 flux maps produced with vegetation field data and remote sensing data including Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and digital terrain model (DTM).

Results
The landscape acted as a net source of CH4 (253–502 µg m−2 h−1) and the proportion of source areas varied considerably between maps (12–50%). The amount of explained variance was high in CH4 regressions (59–76%, nRMSE 8–10%). Regressions including remote sensing predictors had better performance than regressions with plot-based vegetation predictors. The most important remote sensing predictors included VH-polarized Sentinel-1 features together with topographic wetness index and other DTM features. Spatial patterns were most accurately predicted when the landscape was divided into sinks and sources with remote sensing-based classifications, and the fluxes were modeled for sinks and sources separately.

Conclusions
CH4 fluxes can be predicted accurately with multi-source remote sensing in northern boreal peatland landscapes. High spatial resolution remote sensing-based maps constrain uncertainties related to CH4 fluxes and their spatial patterns.
Understanding the importance of landscape configuration on ecosystem service bundles at a high resolution in urban landscapes in the UK
Authors: Karimi James D. , Corstanje Ron , Harris Jim A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContextLandscape structure is thought to affect the provision of ecosystem service bundles. However, studies of the influence of landscape configuration on ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies in urban areas are limited. This study used Bayesian Belief Networks to predict ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies in the urban area comprising the towns of Milton Keynes, Bedford and Luton, UK.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to test (1) a Bayesian Belief Network approach for predicting ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies in urban areas and (2) assess whether landscape configuration characteristics affect ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies.MethodsBayesian Belief Network models were used to test the influence of landscape configuration on ecosystem service interactions. The outputs of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on six ecosystem services and landscape configuration metrics were used as response and explanatory variables, respectively. We employed Spearman’s rank correlation and principal component analysis to identify redundancies between landscape metrics.ResultsWe found that landscape configuration affects ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies. A sensitivity analysis conducted on the principal components showed that landscape configuration metrics core area (CORE) and effective mesh size (MESH) are strong influential determinants of ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that landscape configuration characteristics affect ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies and that a core set of metrics could be used to assess ecosystem service (ES) trade-offs and synergies. The findings may be relevant to planning and urban design and improved ecosystem management.
PACAP is Protective Against Cellular Stress in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Authors: Fábián Eszter , Horváth Gabriella , Opper Balázs , Atlasz Tamás , Tóth Gábor , Reglődi Dóra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe integrity of the innermost, pigment epithelial layer of the retina is crucial for the photoreceptor survival and for maintaining the outer blood–retina barrier. In several ocular degenerations, such as diabetic retinopathy or macular edema, the stress caused by various harmful stimuli (hypoxia, oxidative stress, hyperosmosis) lead to severe molecular biological changes in this layer, promoting neovascularization of the retina. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) occurs throughout the whole body, including the eye. It has numerous functions in the retina, including the previously described anti-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects in retinal pigment epithelial cells. The aim of this present study was to investigate the influence of PACAP on different stress factors. In accordance with previous findings, PACAP significantly ameliorated the increased Hif1-α levels in hypoxic conditions. In H2O2-induced oxidative stress PACAP had an anti-apoptotic effect, it could decrease the expression of cytochrome-cand p53, while it upregulated the concentration of three antioxidants, namely SOD2, PON2 and thioredoxin. In conclusion, we provided new information on the molecular biological background of the retinoprotective effect of PACAP.
4-Phenylbutyric acid protects islet β cell against cellular damage induced by glucocorticoids
Authors: Zhou Xueling , Xu Yilin , Gu Yong , Sun Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study, using the MIN6 cell line, examines the effect of glucocorticoids (GCs) on the expression and protein levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related genes. Furthermore, we evaluated the protective role of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) on the aforesaid GCs induced changes. Pancreatic islet MIN6 cells were treated with dexamethasone (DEX) at distinct concentrations (0.1 μmol/L and 0.5 μmol/L) for different periods (1 h, 4 h, 12 h, and 24 h). The mRNA and protein levels of ERS related genes were measured using real-time qPCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Similar evaluations were also carried out for the cells treated with 4-PBA combined with DEX. Upon DEX intervention which induces the unfolded protein response (UPR), the expression levels of BIP, ATF6, IRE1, and PERK increased in the MIN6 cells, both in concentration and time-dependent manner. Similarly, ERS associated gene CHOP, which is involved in the apoptotic pathway, also showed increased levels both in concentration and time-dependent manner. However, treatment with 4-PBA decreased the expression levels of ERS related proteins. Quantitative analysis found that all these results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). GCs markedly activates the ERS in the MIN6 cell line in vitro, however, this effect can be significantly alleviated upon treatment with 4-PBA.
On the effect of model uncertainty on the Hopf bifurcation of aeroelastic systems
Authors: Iannelli Andrea , Lowenberg Mark , Marcos Andrés 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of model uncertainty on the nonlinear dynamics of a generic aeroelastic system. Among the most dangerous phenomena to which these systems are prone, Limit Cycle Oscillations are periodic isolated responses triggered by the nonlinear interactions among elastic deformations, inertial forces, and aerodynamic actions. In a dynamical systems setting, these responses typically emanate from Hopf bifurcation points, and thus a recently proposed framework, which address the problem of robustness from a nonlinear dynamics viewpoint, is employed. Briefly, the notion of robust bifurcation margin extends the concept of $$\mu $$
μ
analysis technique from the robust control theory. The main contribution of this article is a systematic investigation of the numerous scenarios arising in the study of nonlinear flutter when uncertainties in the model are accounted for in the analyses. The advantages of adopting this framework include the possibility to: quantify relevant information for the determination of the nonlinear stability envelope; gain a more in-depth understanding of the physical mechanisms triggering subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcations; and reveal properties of the nominal system by identifying isolated branches not straightforward to detect with conventional numerical approaches.
Phenomenological approaches to personal identity
Authors: Čapek Jakub , Loidolt Sophie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis special issue addresses the debate on personal identity from a phenomenological viewpoint, especially contemporary phenomenological research on selfhood. In the introduction, we first offer a brief survey of the various classic questions related to personal identity according to Locke’s initial proposal and sketch out key concepts and distinctions of the debate that came after Locke. We then characterize the types of approach represented by post-Hegelian, German and French philosophies of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. We argue that whereas the Anglophone debates on personal identity were initially formed by the persistence question and the characterization question, the “Continental” tradition included remarkably intense debates on the individual or the self as being unique or “concrete,” deeply temporal and—as claimed by some philosophers, like Sartre and Foucault—unable to have any identity, if not one externally imposed. We describe the Continental line of thinking about the “self” as a reply and an adjustment to the post-Lockean “personal identity” question (as suggested by thinkers such as MacIntyre, Ricœur and Taylor). These observations constitute the backdrop for our presentation of phenomenological approaches to personal identity. These approaches run along three lines: (a) debates on the layers of the self, starting from embodiment and the minimal self and running all the way to the full-fledged concept of person; (b) questions of temporal becoming, change and stability, as illustrated, for instance, by aging or transformative life-experiences; and (c) the constitution of identity in the social, institutional, and normative space. The introduction thus establishes a structure for locating and connecting the different contributions in our special issue, which, as an ensemble, represent a strong and differentiated contribution to the debate on personal identity from a phenomenological perspective.
Mergers with Differentiated Products: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Valletti Tommaso , Zenger Hans 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOn the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the 2010 U.S. Horizontal Merger Guidelines, this article provides an overview of the state of economic analysis of unilateral effects in mergers with differentiated products. Drawing on our experience with merger enforcement in Europe, we discuss both static and dynamic competition, with a special emphasis on the calibration of competitive effects. We also discuss the role of market shares and structural presumptions in differentiated product markets.
Implicitly adaptive importance sampling
Authors: Paananen Topi , Piironen Juho , Bürkner Paul-Christian , Vehtari Aki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdaptive importance sampling is a class of techniques for finding good proposal distributions for importance sampling. Often the proposal distributions are standard probability distributions whose parameters are adapted based on the mismatch between the current proposal and a target distribution. In this work, we present an implicit adaptive importance sampling method that applies to complicated distributions which are not available in closed form. The method iteratively matches the moments of a set of Monte Carlo draws to weighted moments based on importance weights. We apply the method to Bayesian leave-one-out cross-validation and show that it performs better than many existing parametric adaptive importance sampling methods while being computationally inexpensive.
Corporate Foundations as Hybrid Organizations: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Gehringer Theresa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe rise and global reach of the corporate foundation (CF) phenomenon has attracted the attention of academic researchers and practitioners and led to a plurality of definitions and understandings. This definitional fuzziness notwithstanding, the term hybridity is widely used as the defining characteristic to describe a CF’s position between business and civil society and its diverse interlinkages with its founding company. However, the extant literature has seldom explained what hybridity signifies, when it occurs and how it is shown. This paper presents the findings of a systematic review of the academic and gray literature on CFs. Based on 80 publications covering 30 countries worldwide, this study proposes 15 characteristics along four global themes as a comprehensive set to account for the complexity of CFs. It develops propositions for a fine-grained understanding of what constitutes the hybrid nature of CFs at the strategic, organizational and contextual levels. Accordingly, this study suggests ways forward by revealing questions that require further research toward a better understanding of the CF phenomenon.
Migrant human and political capitals value in entrepreneur enterprise performance. A comparative study of four emerging markets
Authors: Brown Anthony , Meriton Royston , Devinney Timothy , Kafouros Mario , Gerardo Flor Silvestre , Bhandal Rajinder 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of human and political capitals of entrepreneurs on enterprise performance in four emerging nations.The rent generation potential of these capitals is a well established fact, however, much less is known concerning the contingent nature of their value creation prowess. In this work, we draw on institutional theory and dynamic managerial capabilities perspective to examine the interactive effect of country of origin economic developement level and the international experience of entrepreurs, on the capitals, with respect to a set of financial indicators. Employing a quantitative methodology, our findings reveal that the relationship between the capitals and enterprise performance are indeeed contingent with the capitals of home-grown entrepreneurs, rather than those of returnee migrant entrepreneurs, exhibiting a greater propensity to influence enterprise performance. We conclude with implications for theory and practice.
Connectedness versus diversification: two sides of the same coin
Authors: Torrente Maria-Laura , Uberti Pierpaolo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the financial framework, the concepts of connectedness and diversification have been introduced and developed respectively in the context of systemic risk and portfolio theory. In this paper we propose a theoretical approach to bring to light the relation between connectedness and diversification. Starting from the respective axiomatic definitions, we prove that a class of proper measures of connectedness verifies, after a suitable functional transformation, the axiomatic requirements for a measure of diversification. The core idea of the paper is that connectedness and diversification are so deeply related that it is possible to pass from one concept to the other. In order to exploit such correspondence, we introduce a function, depending on the classical notion of rank of a matrix, that transforms a suitable proper measure of connectedness in a measure of diversification. We point out general properties of the proposed transformation function and apply it to a selection of measures of connectedness, such as the well-known Variance Inflation Factor.
Advancing Diagnostic Safety Research: Results of a Systematic Research Priority Setting Exercise
Authors: Zwaan Laura , El-Kareh Robert , Meyer Ashley N. D. , Hooftman Jacky , Singh Hardeep 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Diagnostic errors are a major source of preventable harm but the science of reducing them remains underdeveloped.

Objective
To identify and prioritize research questions to advance the field of diagnostic safety in the next 5 years.

Participants
Ninety-seven researchers and 42 stakeholders were involved in the identification of the research priorities.

Design
We used systematic prioritization methods based on the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) methodology. We first invited a large international group of expert researchers in various disciplines to submit research questions while considering five prioritization criteria: (1) usefulness, (2) answerability, (3) effectiveness, (4) potential for translation, and (5) maximal potential for effect on diagnostic safety. After consolidation, these questions were prioritized at an in-person expert meeting in April 2019. Top-ranked questions were subsequently reprioritized through scoring on the five prioritization criteria using an online questionnaire. We also invited non-research stakeholders to assign weights to the five criteria and then used these weights to adjust the final prioritization score for each question.

Key Results
Of the 207 invited researchers, 97 researchers responded and 78 submitted 333 research questions which were then consolidated. Expert meeting participants (n = 21) discussed questions in different breakout sessions and prioritized 50, which were subsequently reduced to the top 20 using the online questionnaire. The top 20 questions addressed mostly system factors (e.g., implementation and evaluation of information technologies), teamwork factors (e.g., role of nurses and other health professionals in the diagnostic process), and strategies to engage patients in the diagnostic process.

Conclusions
Top research priorities for advancing diagnostic safety in the short-term include strengthening systems and teams and engaging patients to support diagnosis. High-priority areas identified using these systematic methods can inform an actionable research agenda for reducing preventable diagnostic harm.
Low-Voltage Polarization in AOT Solution to Enhance the Corrosion Resistance of Nitinol
Authors: Saugo Melisa , Flamini Daniel O. , Saidman Silvana B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, the corrosion behavior of bare nitinol (NiTi) alloy in Ringer's solution containing different concentrations of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) was first studied in order to determine whether the surfactant acts as a corrosion inhibitor. Results of potentiostatic and potentiodynamic experiments allowed concluding that AOT is a pitting corrosion inhibitor for NiTi. In a second stage of this research work, NiTi was treated under potentiostatic control (2.00 V) for 1 h in 0.10 M AOT solutions of pH 8.4 and 12. Static and rotating electrodes were used. The influence exerted by this treatment on the passive behavior of the alloy was studied in Ringer's solution using different electrochemical and surface analysis techniques. The best anticorrosion performance was obtained using a rotating electrode and AOT solution of pH 8.4. The thin oxide layer grown potentiostatically consists of TiO2, while no Ni was found in the outermost layer. The presence of this oxide layer allows reducing the amount of Ni and Ti released at open circuit potential conditions and at very positive potentials where pitting corrosion of the bare alloy occurs.
Ein Fragebogen zur Erfassung von schlafbezogenen Metakognitionen: Deutsche Kurzform des MCQ-I
Authors: Schredl Michael , Schackert Maria , Feld Gordon Benedikt , Schilling Claudia 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Schlafbezogene Kognitionen, aber auch schlafbezogene Metakognitionen (Umgang mit Gedanken) spielen in der Ätiologie der Insomnie, vor allem bei der Aufrechterhaltung, eine Rolle. Bisher liegt nur ein englischsprachiger Fragebogen (MCQ-I) mit 60 Items zur Erfassung schlafbezogener Metakognitionen vor. Ziel dieser Arbeit war das Zusammenstellen einer kürzeren, deutschen Version, die sowohl gute Reliabilität als auch Validität aufweist.

Material und Methoden
Insgesamt nahmen 512 Patienten mit unterschiedlichen Schlafstörungen (264 Frauen, 248 Männer; mittleres Alter: 45,04 ± 16,70 Jahre) an der Erhebung teil. Der MCQ‑I wurde vor dem Erstgespräch ausgefüllt mitgebracht.

Ergebnisse
Die 20-Item-Version wies eine hohe interne Konsistenz (r = 0,906) und hohe Retest-Reliabilität (r = 0,916) auf. Patienten mit der Diagnose einer Insomnie zeigten einen signifikant höheren Summenwert im MCQ-I 20 als Patienten mit anderen Schlafstörungen. Interessanterweise waren auch die Diagnose einer depressiven Erkrankung und das Auftreten einer Alptraumstörung mit vermehrten schlafbezogenen Metakognitionen verbunden.

Schlussfolgerung
Schlafbezogene Metakognitionen scheinen in der Insomnie-Ätiologie eine Rolle zu spielen. Interessant wäre es zu überprüfen, ob eine rein metakognitive Therapie die Symptomatik bei Insomniepatienten in ähnlicher Weise wie die klassische kognitive Verhaltenstherapie der Insomnie verbessern kann.