bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of COVID‐19 in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A National Veterans Affairs Matched Cohort Study in At‐Risk Individuals
Authors: England Bryant R. , Roul Punyasha , Yang Yangyuna , Kalil Andre C. , Michaud Kaleb , Thiele Geoffrey M. , Sauer Brian C. , Baker Joshua F. , Mikuls Ted R. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its treatments are associated with an increased risk of infection, but it remains unclear whether these factors have an impact on the risk or severity of COVID‐19. The present study was undertaken to assess the risk and severity of COVID‐19 in a US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) cohort of patients with RA and those without RA.MethodsA matched cohort study using national VA data was conducted. Patients diagnosed as having RA were identified among nondeceased individuals who were active in the VA health care system as of January 1, 2020 and who had received care in a VA medical center in 2019; patients for whom no RA diagnostic code was indicated were matched to the RA patients (1:1) by age, sex, and VA site (non‐RA controls). Patients diagnosed as having COVID‐19 and those with severe COVID‐19 (defined as requiring hospitalization or leading to death) were ascertained from a national VA COVID‐19 surveillance database through December 10, 2020. Multivariable Cox models were used to compare the risk of COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 hospitalization or death between RA patients and non‐RA controls, after adjusting for demographic characteristics, comorbidities, health care utilization and access, and county‐level COVID‐19 incidence rates.ResultsThis VA cohort of RA patients and non‐RA controls (n = 33,886 subjects per group) predominantly comprised male patients (84.5%), and the mean age was 67.8 years. During follow‐up, 1,503 patients in the cohort were diagnosed as having COVID‐19; among them, 388 patients had severe COVID‐19 (hospitalization or death), while in 228 patients, the deaths were not related to COVID‐19. In the multivariable model, RA was associated with a higher risk of COVID‐19 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.25 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.13–1.39]) and a higher risk of COVID‐19 hospitalization or death (adjusted HR 1.35 [95% CI 1.10–1.66]) as compared to non‐RA controls. Use of disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and prednisone, as well as self‐reported Black race, self‐reported Hispanic ethnicity, and presence of several chronic conditions, but not seropositivity for RA autoantibodies, were each associated with risk of COVID‐19 and severe COVID‐19 (hospitalization or death).ConclusionPatients with RA are at higher risk of developing COVID‐19 and severe COVID‐19 (leading to hospitalization or death) compared to those without RA. With a risk of COVID‐19 that approaches that of other recognized chronic conditions, these findings suggest that RA patients should be prioritized for COVID‐19 prevention and management strategies.
Association between spectral electroencephalography power and autism risk and diagnosis in early development
Authors: Huberty Scott , Carter Leno Virginia , van Noordt Stefon J. R. , Bedford Rachael , Pickles Andrew , Desjardins James A. , Webb Sara Jane ,   The BASIS Team, Elsabbagh Mayada 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) has its origins in the atypical development of brain networks. Infants who are at high familial risk for, and later diagnosed with ASD, show atypical activity in multiple electroencephalography (EEG) oscillatory measures. However, infant‐sibling studies are often constrained by small sample sizes. We used the International Infant EEG Data Integration Platform, a multi‐site dataset with 432 participants, including 222 at high‐risk for ASD, from whom repeated measurements of EEG were collected between the ages of 3–36 months. We applied a latent growth curve model to test whether familial risk status predicts developmental trajectories of spectral power across the first 3 years of life, and whether these trajectories predict ASD outcome. Change in spectral EEG power in all frequency bands occurred during the first 3 years of life. Familial risk, but not a later diagnosis of ASD, was associated with reduced power at 3 months, and a steeper developmental change between 3 and 36 months in nearly all absolute power bands. ASD outcome was not associated with absolute power intercept or slope. No associations were found between risk or outcome and relative power. This study applied an analytic approach not used in previous prospective biomarker studies of ASD, which was modeled to reflect the temporal relationship between genetic susceptibility, brain development, and ASD diagnosis. Trajectories of spectral power appear to be predicted by familial risk; however, spectral power does not predict diagnostic outcome above and beyond familial risk status. Discrepancies between current results and previous studies are discussed.Lay SummaryInfants with an older sibling who is diagnosed with ASD are at increased risk of developing ASD themselves. This article tested whether EEG spectral power in the first year of life can predict whether these infants did or did not develop ASD.
Longitudinal monitoring of cell metabolism in biopharmaceutical production using label‐free fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy
Authors: Sternisha Shawn M. , Mukherjee Prabuddha , Alex Aneesh , Chaney Eric J. , Barkalifa Ronit , Wan Boyong , Lee Jang Hyuk , Rico‐Jimenez Jose , Žurauskas Mantas , Spillman Darold R. , Sripada Sobhana A. , Marjanovic Marina , Arp Zane , Galosy Sybille S. , Bhanushali Dharmesh S. , Hood Steve R. , Bose Sayantan , Boppart Stephen A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are routinely used in the biopharmaceutical industry for production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Although multiple offline and time‐consuming measurements of spent media composition and cell viability assays are used to monitor the status of culture in biopharmaceutical manufacturing, the day‐to‐day changes in the cellular microenvironment need further in‐depth characterization. In this study, two‐photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (2P‐FLIM) was used as a tool to directly probe into the health of CHO cells from a bioreactor, exploiting the autofluorescence of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H), an enzymatic cofactor that determines the redox state of the cells. A custom‐built multimodal microscope with two‐photon FLIM capability was utilized to monitor changes in NAD(P)H fluorescence for longitudinal characterization of a changing environment during cell culture processes. Three different cell lines were cultured in 0.5 L shake flasks and 3 L bioreactors. The resulting FLIM data revealed differences in the fluorescence lifetime parameters, which were an indicator of alterations in metabolic activity. In addition, a simple principal component analysis (PCA) of these optical parameters was able to identify differences in metabolic progression of two cell lines cultured in bioreactors. Improved understanding of cell health during antibody production processes can result in better streamlining of process development, thereby improving product titer and verification of scale‐up. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use FLIM as a label‐free measure of cellular metabolism in a biopharmaceutically relevant and clinically important CHO cell line.
First Amendment knowledge and competence in United States residents
Authors: Bernstein Kimberly M. , Najdowski Cynthia J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLacking adequate knowledge about one's rights could inhibit the likelihood of exercising one's rights or lead one to unwittingly violate laws that place legitimate limits on these rights. Thus, the present research examines First Amendment knowledge as well as competence to apply this knowledge in relevant circumstances. Results revealed that one‐quarter of participants failed a test of objective knowledge on First Amendment rights. Furthermore, participants' belief in their ability varied depending on their level of knowledge, in line with the Dunning–Kruger effect. Participants also failed to transfer their limited objective knowledge to “real‐world” situations, exhibiting impaired First Amendment competence. These findings suggest that US residents' levels of knowledge and competence related to First Amendment rights and protections could be improved to promote a safe, knowledgeable, and democratic society.
Lost in transition: What refugee post‐migration experiences tell us about processes of social identity change
Authors: Ballentyne Susie , Drury John , Barrett Emma , Marsden Sarah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents findings based on over 40 hrs of rich, phenomenological narrative interview data in which five Syrian refugees describe their experiences of transitioning to a new life in Brazil. Using the Social Identity Model of Identity Change (SIMIC) as a framework for examining the relationship between a period of vulnerability, multiple social identities and wellbeing, interviews were combined with a “talking stones” technique. Key themes of identity “recovery” and “discovery” were consistent with the identity “gain” and “continuity” components of SIMIC. A theme of “adaptation” suggested that a process of continual identity construction and reconstruction is central to both outcomes. Further, themes relating to identity “constraint” suggests how some contexts can actively freeze identities, thus undermining agency and compromising wellbeing. The refugee stories analysed in this paper demonstrate how the SIMIC is a robust model for capturing many of the identity complexities within post‐migration life. Please refer to the supplementary material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
A Potent, Selective CBX2 Chromodomain Ligand and Its Cellular Activity During Prostate Cancer Neuroendocrine Differentiation
Authors: Wang Sijie , Alpsoy Aktan , Sood Surbhi , Ordonez‐Rubiano Sandra Carolina , Dhiman Alisha , Sun Yixing , Jiao Guanming , Krusemark Casey J. , Dykhuizen Emily C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolycomb group (PcG) proteins are epigenetic regulators that facilitate both embryonic development and cancer progression. PcG proteins form Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2). PRC2 trimethylates histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a histone mark recognized by the N‐terminal chromodomain (ChD) of the CBX subunit of canonical PRC1. There are five PcG CBX paralogs in humans. CBX2 in particular is upregulated in a variety of cancers, particularly in advanced prostate cancers. Using CBX2 inhibitors to understand and target CBX2 in prostate cancer is highly desirable; however, high structural similarity among the CBX ChDs has been challenging for developing selective CBX ChD inhibitors. Here, we utilize selections of focused DNA encoded libraries (DELs) for the discovery of a selective CBX2 chromodomain probe, SW2_152F. SW2_152F binds to CBX2 ChD with a Kd of 80 nM and displays 24‐1000‐fold selectivity for CBX2 ChD over other CBX paralogs in vitro. SW2_152F is cell permeable, selectively inhibits CBX2 chromatin binding in cells, and blocks neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cell lines in response to androgen deprivation.
Giant cerebriform melanocytic nevus of the scalp: A case report
Authors: Mohaghegh Fatemeh , Asilian Ali , Nabavinejad Samin , Rezaei Mina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGiant melanocytic nevus is a rare condition caused by benign proliferation of melanocytes. There is a slight risk of malignancy in these lesions which should be noticed especially when they become larger. GCMN can be removed by plastic surgery.
Surgical management of a giant atrial septal aneurysm
Authors: Kumagai Motoyuki , Nishizawa Junichiro , Takehara Makoto , Shinoda Eiji , Minatoya Kenji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe experienced a very rare case of surgical management of a giant atrial septal aneurysm. It is an interesting case and is supported by preoperative, intraoperative, and pathology images.
A Showcase of Green Chemistry: Sustainable Synthetic Approach of Zirconium‐Based MOF Materials
Authors: Fu Jiarui , Wu Yi‐nan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractZirconium‐based metal‐organic framework materials (Zr−MOFs) have more practical usage over most conventional benchmark porous materials and even many other MOFs due to the excellent structural stability, rich coordination forms, and various active sites. However, their mass‐production and application are restricted by the high‐cost raw materials, complex synthesis procedures, harsh reaction conditions, and unexpected environmental impact. Based on the principles of “Green Chemistry”, considerable efforts have been done for breaking through the limitations, and significant progress has been made in the sustainable synthesis of Zr−MOFs over the past decade. In this review, the advancements of green raw materials and green synthesis methods in the synthesis of Zr−MOFs are reviewed, along with the corresponding drawbacks. The challenges and prospects are discussed and outlooked, expecting to provide guidance for the acceleration of the industrialization and commercialization of Zr−MOFs.
Artificial Supramolecular Pumps Powered by Light
Authors: Corra Stefano , Casimiro Lorenzo , Baroncini Massimo , Groppi Jessica , La Rosa Marcello , Tranfić Bakić Marina , Silvi Serena , Credi Alberto 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of artificial nanoscale motors that can use energy from a source to perform tasks requires systems capable of performing directionally controlled molecular movements and operating away from chemical equilibrium. Here, the design, synthesis and properties of pseudorotaxanes are described, in which a photon input triggers the unidirectional motion of a macrocyclic ring with respect to a non‐symmetric molecular axle. The photoinduced energy ratcheting at the basis of the pumping mechanism is validated by measuring the relevant thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. Owing to the photochemical behavior of the azobenzene moiety embedded in the axle, the pump can repeat its operation cycle autonomously under continuous illumination. NMR spectroscopy was used to observe the dissipative non‐equilibrium state generated in situ by light irradiation. We also show that fine changes in the axle structure lead to an improvement in the performance of the motor. Such results highlight the modularity and versatility of this minimalist pump design, which provides facile access to dynamic systems that operate under photoinduced non‐equilibrium regimes.
Polythiolactone‐Decorated Silica Particles: A Versatile Approach for Surface Functionalization, Catalysis and Encapsulation
Authors: Kurka Dustin Werner , Niehues Maximilian , Kudruk Sergej , Gerke Volker , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Bart Jan Ravoo at Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster. The image depicts the “universal” post‐modification of silica particles coated with a polythiolactone polymer shell. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202100547.
High tumor cell platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta expression is associated with shorter survival in malignant pleural epithelioid mesothelioma
Authors: Ollila Hely , Paajanen Juuso , Wolff Henrik , Ilonen Ilkka , Sutinen Eva , Välimäki Katja , Östman Arne , Anttila Sisko , Kettunen Eeva , Räsänen Jari , Kallioniemi Olli , Myllärniemi Marjukka , Mäyränpää Mikko I , Pellinen Teijo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has a rich stromal component containing mesenchymal fibroblasts. However, the properties and interplay of MPM tumor cells and their surrounding stromal fibroblasts are poorly characterized. Our objective was to spatially profile known mesenchymal markers in both tumor cells and associated fibroblasts and correlate their expression with patient survival. The primary study cohort consisted of 74 MPM patients, including 16 patients who survived at least 60 months. We analyzed location‐specific tissue expression of seven fibroblast markers in clinical samples using multiplexed fluorescence immunohistochemistry (mfIHC) and digital image analysis. Effect on survival was assessed using Cox regression analyses. The outcome measurement was all‐cause mortality. Univariate analysis revealed that high expression of secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) and fibroblast activation protein in stromal cells was associated with shorter survival. Importantly, high expression of platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) in tumor cells, but not in stromal cells, was associated with shorter survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.02, p < 0.001). A multivariable survival analysis adjusted for clinical parameters and stromal mfIHC markers revealed that tumor cell PDGFRB and stromal SPARC remained independently associated with survival (HR = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–1.03 and HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00–1.11, respectively). The prognostic effect of PDGFRB was validated with an artificial intelligence‐based analysis method and further externally validated in another cohort of 117 MPM patients. In external validation, high tumor cell PDGFRB expression associated with shorter survival, especially in the epithelioid subtype. Our findings suggest PDGFRB and SPARC as potential markers for risk stratification and as targets for therapy.
Bioequivalence Study of Oral Suspension and Intravenous Formulation of Edaravone in Healthy Adult Subjects
Authors: Shimizu Hidetoshi , Nishimura Yukiko , Shiide Youichi , Yoshida Kaori , Hirai Manabu , Matsuda Munetomo , Nakamaru Yoshinobu , Kato Yuichiro , Kondo Kazuoki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe neuroprotective agent edaravone is an intravenous treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. As intravenous administration burdens patients, orally administered treatments are needed. This phase 1, open‐label, single‐dose crossover study in 42 healthy adults evaluated bioequivalence of a 105‐mg edaravone oral suspension and intravenous edaravone (60 mg/60 min). The evaluation was whether the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the ratio of the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to the last quantifiable time point and to infinity of unchanged edaravone were between the bioequivalence limit of 0.80 and 1.25. Metabolic profiles and elimination pathways were also compared between the 2 routes. Geometric mean ratios and 90%CIs of area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to the last quantifiable time point and to infinity for unchanged edaravone satisfied bioequivalence limits. The geometric mean ratio and its lower limit of 90%CI of Cmaxof the 105‐mg oral suspension compared with 60‐mg intravenous formulations for unchanged edaravone fell within bioequivalence limits. Both formulations showed triphasic plasma concentration–time profiles of unchanged edaravone after reaching Cmax. Plasma concentrations of edaravone inactive metabolites after oral administration were higher than with intravenous administration. Edaravone in both routes underwent urinary excretion, mainly as the glucuronide conjugate and, to a lesser extent, as the sulfate conjugate. Urinary excretion of unchanged edaravone was low, and urinary relative composition ratios of unchanged edaravone and metabolites were similar for both formulations. These findings showed equivalent exposure of the 105‐mg oral suspension of edaravone to the 60‐mg intravenous formulation, supporting further investigation of the oral suspension for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Performance analysis of lattice reduction‐assisted precoder for multi‐user millimeter wave MIMO system
Authors: Kandar Debdatta , Sur Samarendra Nath , Singh Arun Kumar , Nandi Sukumar 
Published: May 2021

SummaryMillimeter wave communication and massive MIMO technology are important ingredients for the future generation communication system. In this context, hybrid precoding (HP) is one of the most promising solutions, and it becomes utterly important in the case of the multi‐user scenario. In this paper, authors have analyzed the performance of the lattice reduction aided fully connected structured precoder for millimeter wave massive MIMO under multi‐user scenario. This paper deals with Korkine–Zolotareff (KZ) and Lenstra–Lenstra–Lovász (LLL) algorithms for the lattice reduction (LR). And the presented results show the performance comparison between zero forcing (ZF), minimum mean squared error (MMSE)‐based linear precoder with LLL algorithm‐based reduction‐based ZF (LLR‐ZF), LLR‐MMSE, KZ‐ZF, KZ‐MMSE, and Kalman filter‐based precoder. Here, the performance of the precoders has been evaluated based on spectral efficiency, energy efficiency diversity order, and bit error rate. This work conveys some important findings: (i) effectiveness of the lattice reduction aided precoder in multi‐user scenario; (ii) numerical results pointed out that at low SNR condition, KZ‐aided MMSE hybrid precoder provides 4‐dB performance than a Kalman filter‐based precoder; (iii) KZ‐MMSE hybrid precoder outperforms the other precoder.
Hybrid spectrum access in a cognitive radio‐enabled cooperative device‐to‐device network
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Bhowmick Abhijit 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn this paper, the performance of a co‐operative device‐to‐device (D2D) network is investigated. All the D2D users sense the cellular user (CU) spectrum and use it in hybrid mode: underlay and overlay. The expressions of throughput and outage are developed under the considered network scenario. An algorithm is proposed to optimize the sensing time to minimize the outage. The performance is investigated in terms of throughput and outage for several network parameters such as a number of D2D users, sensing time, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), allowable interference threshold, and CU transmit power. Sensing time is optimized to minimize the outage. The interference threshold and target rate have a significant impact on network performance. The network has to suffer outage for lower values of allowable interference threshold and higher values of the target rate. The impact of channel fading on the network performance is also studied. A simulation model is developed in MATLAB on the basis of the analytical development of the considered network model.