bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion of Cosmic Antiprotons Generated throughout the Dark Matter Halo—A Semianalytical Solution for a Linear Galactic Wind Model
Authors: Yang Kwei-Chou 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The public GALPROP code gives a fully numerical solution for the spectrum of cosmic rays propagating through a linear Galactic wind directed outward from the Galactic plane in the framework of a cylindrical diffusion model. Alternatively, for the linear Galactic wind case, we present a semianalytical solution of the two-zone cylindrical model that describes the spectrum of cosmic-ray antiprotons produced from the primary sources throughout the dark matter (DM) halo. While the secondary antiprotons can be generated by, e.g., the GALPROP WebRun, consistently using this semianalytical solution for the primary ones would be helpful to build a suited DM model, which may be sophisticated, and then to perform a statistical analysis when comparing it with data. As an example, using the obtained formula, we study the possible DM signal through the channel

DM

DM
→

b

¯

b

and its constraint from the measurement of the AMS-02 antiproton-to-proton ratio. The indication of the DM signal is discussed. The advantages of the semianalytical approach and its comparison with the GALPROP model are presented.
Distal Medial Collateral Ligament Grade III Injuries in Collegiate Football Players: Operative Management, Rehabilitation, and Return to Play
Authors: Acevedo Josue , Boden Allison L. , Greif Dylan N. , Emerson Christopher P. , Ruiz Jeffrey T. , Jose Jean , Feigenbaum Luis A. , Kaplan Lee D. 
Published: June 2021

Context
Management of isolated grade III medial collateral ligament injuries is controversial, as both nonoperative and operative management can result in return to play. However, operative management is recommended in elite athletes who have a grade III injury with distal avulsion.

Objective
We present a standardized rehabilitation protocol in a case series of 7 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I American football athletes who sustained grade III distal medial collateral ligament tears that were repaired operatively, with emphasis on return to play.

Results
Median time to surgery was 4 days (range = 2–67 days). Median time from surgery to noncontact drills was 120.5 days (range = 104–168 days), and median time from surgery to full-contact sport was 181 days (range = 139–204 days). All athletes returned to play at their preinjury level of competition.

Conclusions
Our study highlighted how operative management with a standardized rehabilitation protocol can be applied to Division I football players and result in safe return to play.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of sudanese pharmacists toward COVID-19 in Khartoum State, Sudan: An online-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Badi Safaa , Hamed Abdalrahman , Abualama Mohammed , Mustafa Mohammed , Abdulraheem Muhammad , Yousef Bashir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 disease became an outbreak declared by the WHO as a public health emergency that is explicitly threatening the globe. Measures must be taken to control it, and health-care workers' situations need to be assessed. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Sudanese pharmacists regarding COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The study was an online descriptive cross-sectional survey, conducted from April to June 2020, among the registered pharmacists in Khartoum, Sudan. Three hundred fifty registered pharmacists were asked to participate in this study, all of them were responded. An online standardized questionnaire was conducted, and data were collected by a convenience sampling method and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Results: Response rate was 100%, 65,7% of the participants were females. The median age was 27 years, 72.9% of the pharmacists were bachelor degree holders, and 73.1% of participants were community pharmacists. The years of experience were 1–5 years for 54.4% of them. About 69.4% of the participants had sufficient knowledge about COVID-19, 27.1% reported a positive attitude, and 62.6% reported a fair attitude. Moreover, 88.3% of them were wearing facemask, gloves, and frequently use sensitizers. Nearly 47.7% stated that they would not dispense any treatment of COVID-19 without a prescription. Tests revealed that knowledge was statistically significant with gender (P = 0.001) and attitude with age and years of experience (P = 0.039, 0.01), respectively. Conclusions: More than two-third of the participants have sufficient knowledge regarding COVID-19. Only one-tenth of them have a negative attitude, and their practice toward the disease was relatively good.
ODEs together PDEs and Vector Fields in the SoftAge
Authors: Rosa Márcio Antonio de Faria , Peres Daniela Pereira Mendes , Peres Rafael 
Published: June 2021

At this moment when we can employ software, mathematics education has to be reviewed. In this article, we point out that ODEs should be taught from a geometric and qualitative point of view together with an introduction to PDEs and vector fields. This would increase the skills of the future mathematics user, not only to obtain explicit solutions from a straight command like DSolve, but also in the situations where this command does not help. The geometric interpretation and the concept of direction fields with images generated by software will give us a good understanding of possible system evolutions.
Creativity of the artists Мakharbek Tuganov and Azanbek Dzhanayev in the context of continuity in the national culture
Authors: Цориева И.Т. 
Published: June 2021

В статье на примере творчества Махарбека Сафаровича Туганова
(1881–1952) и Азанбека Васильевича Джанаева (1919–1989) – одних из корифеев про-
фессионального изобразительного искусства Осетии – рассматривается тема пре-
емственности в национальной культуре. Автор прослеживает преемственную связь в
жизни и деятельности двух выдающихся осетинских художников и заключает, что их
творчество не только обогатило изобразительное искусство Осетии, но и расшири-
ло горизонты национального самосознания и народной памяти.
The article examines the theme of continuity in national culture on the example of the
creative work of Makharbek Safarovich Tuganov and Azanbek Vasilyevich Dzhanaev – one of
the founders of the professional fi ne arts of Ossetia. The author traces the continuity in the life
and activities of two outstanding Ossetian artists, and also concludes that their creative work not
only enriched the fi ne arts of Ossetia, but also expanded the horizons of national identity and
national memory.
Proceso de difusión y factores de adopción de tecnologia en el sector forestal mexicano
Authors: Olguin Juan Quintanar 
Published: June 2021

El concepto de difusión de tecnología, comprende el proceso de comunicación del uso de una nueva tecnología a lo largo del tiempo en un sistema social, por medio de ciertos canales. También se considera como difusión al proceso que abarca desde el momento del primer conocimiento de una innovación hasta su potencial adquisición y despliegue. La manera en que las innovaciones se difunden da lugar al estudio de los canales de comunicación, que constituyen un elemento central de la teoría de la difusión, distinguiéndose entre canales interpersonales y canales cosmopolitas. A partir de 2007, la CONAFOR ha realizado una serie de actividades orientadas a la difusión de la tecnología resultado principalmente de la investigación y desarrollo tecnológico, teniendo como canales de difusión los siguientes: Foros de divulgación y transferencia de tecnología, encuentros demostrativos entre productores receptores de paquetes tecnológicos, manuales de desarrollo y transferencia de tecnología publicados, paquetes tecnológicos. Además, en la etapa de difusión se debe realizar un diagnóstico de las expectativas, competencias, capacidades y necesidades de los beneficiados a atender, así como el tipo de solución y la frecuencia e intensidad de las actividades de difusión que éstos requieren. Por lo que su adopción se da bajo una situación de aprendizaje que depende de múltiples factores, como la percepción de utilidad, compatibilidad con el proceso, facilidad de uso, capacidad de demostración de los resultados y alta visibilidad de impacto en los resultados del proceso.
TÜRKİYE’DE SANAYİDE TÜKETİLEN ELEKTRİK ENERJİSİ İLE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: GRANGER NEDENSELLİK ANALİZİ
Authors: BARUT Muhammed Emin , ÇELİK Emine 
Published: June 2021

Elektrik enerjisi, enerji kaynakları arasında hem kullanım ve erişim kolaylığı sağlaması hem de çevreye en az zarar veren enerji kaynağı olması nedeniyle ön plana çıkmış ve kullanım alanları her geçen gün artmıştır. Elektrik enerjisinin kullanıldığı önemli alanlardan biri ise ülke ekonomisine önemli derecede katma değer sağlayan sanayi sektörüdür. Bu çalışma Türkiye’de sanayide tüketilen elektrik enerjisi ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Türkiye’de sanayide tüketilen elektrik enerjisi ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki 1970-2019 dönemine ait yıllık veriler kullanılarak Granger nedensellik testiyle analiz edilmiştir. Granger nedensellik analizi sonucunda Türkiye’de sanayi tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi ortaya çıkmıştır. Diğer bir ifade ile sanayide tüketilen elektrik enerjisi büyümenin; büyüme de sanayide tüketilen elektrik enerjisinin nedenidir. Sonuçlar doğrultusunda Türkiye enerji açığı olan ve bu açığını dış piyasalardan tedarik eden bir ülke konumunda olduğu görülmüştür. Bundan dolayı enerji ihtiyacını güvenli, kesintisiz ve ucuz bir şekilde karşılayabilmesi için ülke içerisinde elektrik enerjisi üretimine ağırlık vermesi gerekmektedir. Ülke içerisinde enerji ihtiyacını karşılayacak politikalar ile yatırımların gerçekleşmesi, Türkiye’nin dış ticaretteki enerji bağımlılığını azaltacak ve ekonomik büyümeye katkı sağlayacaktır.
SAĞLIK KURUMLARINDA DENGELİ PUAN CETVELİ KONULU ÇALIŞMALARIN BİLİM HARİTALAMA TEKNİĞİNE GÖRE ANALİZİ
Authors: ARSLAN ÇİLHOROZ İlknur , ÖZTÜRK Zekai 
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir stratejik yönetim aracı olan Dengeli Puan Cetveli (DPC) ile ilgili bilimsel araştırmaları incelemek ve değerlendirmektir.Yöntem: Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda ilgili alanlardaki yayınlarla ilgili bilgiler Scopus (447), Web of Science (263) ve Pubmed (290) veri tabanlarından alınmıştır. Ek olarak, VOSviewer, Cite Space ve Carrot Search yazılım programı daha derinlemesine bir bibliyometrik çalışma sağlamak ve sonuçların yazarlar, kurumlar, ülkeler ve dergiler tarafından kümelenmesini sağlamak için kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Bu alanda en fazla katkı sağlayan ülke ABD, en fazla iş birliği yapılan kaynak Zelman en fazla eşleştirme yapılan yazar 251 atıfla Pink G.H’dir. En fazla ortak atıf yapılan yazar 593 ile Kaplan R.S’dir. Yapılan içerik analizi sonucunda DPC’nin sağlık kurumlarında uygulanabilirliğinin yüksek olduğu ancak uygulanmadan önce sağlık hizmetleri endüstrisine ve kurumsal yapıya göre yeniden uyarlanması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Özgünlük: Bu çalışma ile Sağlık Kurumlarında DPC konulu çalışmalar hakkında sunulan bilgilerin, ilgili konuda yapılacak çalışmalara bir yol haritası sunacağı değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca kapsamlı bir araştırma stratejisi kullanıldığı için bu yönüyle benzer çalışmalardan farklılık göstermektedir.
YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİLİ ÜRÜN İHRACATININ EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: ÜST ORTA GELİRLİ ÜLKELER İÇİN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: AKBULUT YILDIZ Gizem , ADIYAMAN Gülçin 
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Küreselleşen dünyada ülkelerin daha yüksek gelir seviyesine ulaşabilmelerindeki en önemli faktörlerden biri, yüksek teknolojiye dayalı ihracat desenine sahip olabilmeleridir. Özellikle yüksek gelirli ülkeler seviyesine çıkabilmeyi amaçlayan üst-orta gelirli ülkelerin sahip oldukları teknoloji düzeyi ile yaptıkları ihracatın ekonomik büyümelerini destekleyip desteklemediği oldukça önemli bir konudur. Çalışmanın amacı, 29 üst-orta gelirli ülkeye ilişkin yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır.Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 1996-2017 dönemine ait panel veriler kullanılarak Eberhardt ve Teal (2010) tarafından geliştirilen Genişletilmiş Ortalama Grup (AMG) tahmincisi kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Analiz sonucuna göre yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatının ekonomik büyüme üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığı bulgusu elde edilmiştir. Kontrol değişken olarak modele dâhil edilen gayri safi sabit sermaye oluşumu ve kamu harcamaları ekonomik büyümeyi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif etkilerken toplam iş gücü değişkenine ilişkin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilememiştir.Özgünlük: Üst-orta gelirli ülkelerin daha yüksek bir gelir seviyesine ulaşmalarında yüksek teknolojili ürün ihracatının önemine dikkat çekilmesi açısından çalışmanın iktisat yazınına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
VELCRO-INSPIRED SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEM FOR SILICA–RUBBER COUPLING
Authors: Anyszka Rafal , Beton Karolina , Szczechowicz Maja , Bielinski Dariusz M. , Blume Anke 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The state-of-the-art silica–rubber coupling is based on forming chemical links between a silica surface and rubber macromolecules. However, the chemical links are relatively short and stiff, thus in case of a chemical breakage they are highly unlikely to recombine. This could result in a potential deterioration of the interphase properties over time. To overcome this drawback, a new approach to silica–rubber coupling was investigated in the current study. The new approach is inspired by the Velcro hook-and-loop system from nature that facilitates a re-connectability, thus re-formation of the interphase properties in case of a breakage. For this, various long oligomeric brushes were grafted onto silica surfaces considered to act as supramolecular hooks. Such modified silica were dispersed in rubber and vulcanized. The resulting cross-linked rubber matrix is considered to act as supramolecular loops. The prepared vulcanizates were compared with reference samples containing common coupling or covering agents. The reinforcing potential provided by the newly developed system is lower than the chemical coupling system but considerably higher than the covering system. The new system also provides better mechanical properties, recovery after cycling stretching, and heat treatment than the references. A new reinforcing mechanism is proposed for the silica grafted with oligomeric brushes that exhibits a good chemical compatibility to the rubber matrix.
MODIFICATION OF POLYBUTADIENE RUBBER: A REVIEW
Authors: Prabhu C. Parashiva , Mohanty Subhra , Gupta Virendra Kumar 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Developments in modification of polybutadiene rubber (PBR) using various reagents and catalysts have been reviewed. Hydrogenation and functionalization occurring at the site of unsaturation along chain length are discussed. Hydrogenation involving various metal catalyzed processes is discussed. Suitable conditions that are effective during hydrogenation and functionalization are mentioned in this article. Reactivity ratios associated with microstructures of polybutadiene rubber and possible mechanisms involved are described in the review. The importance of reaction conditions during reactivity and their impact on product properties are highlighted. A specific method that needs to be adopted in order to achieve expected product properties is discussed. Various industrial applications of modified PBR and their commercial products in the global market are discussed.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND ANTI-ADHESION MATERIALS FOR MEDICAL AND SURGICAL GLOVES
Authors: Lee Siang Yin , Chan E-Lyn , Chan Hong Hao , Li Claire Chong Khai , Ooi Zhe Hooi , Koh Rhun Yian , Liew Yun Khoon 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be common in healthcare settings, such as the intensive care unit and surgical sites, if proper precautions are not followed. Although traditional techniques are encouraged, such as educating the public and healthcare workers to practice proper handwashing or to double glove, they have not been fully effective in combating HAIs. The use of surface-modified antimicrobial gloves may be an alternative approach to prevent the transmission of pathogens between healthcare workers and patients. This paper gives a comprehensive review of strategies to produce antimicrobial gloves. The chemistry of some potential chemically synthesized antimicrobial agents and nature-inspired superhydrophobic surfaces are discussed. The principles of killing microbes must be understood to effectively select these materials and to design and fabricate surfaces for the reduction of bacterial adhesion. Also, current company trends and technologies are presented for gloves proven to effectively kill bacteria. Such glove use, when coupled with in-depth research on diverse surgical procedures and medical examinations, could ease the burden of HAIs.
HEAT AGING OF A BROMOBUTYL TIRE INNER LINER UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
Authors: Yerxa M. , Porter C. , Pazur R. J. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
A bromobutyl tire inner liner compound was prepared and subjected to aerobic and anaerobic heat aging at a temperature of 100 °C for seven aging times up to 8 weeks. Hardness and mechanical properties were monitored, and the evolution of the crosslink density was followed using equilibrium solvent swell and low field double quantum (DQ) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The hardness and the 300% tensile stress increased with heat aging, while both tensile strength and elongation at break dropped. Both chain scission and crosslinking reactions were taking place. Equilibrium swelling and DQ NMR results confirmed that a larger crosslink density increase was seen under aerobic versus anaerobic aging conditions. The network distribution consisting of a dominant low crosslinking zone and small areas of higher crosslinking slowly broadened and shifted toward higher crosslink densities upon heat aging. The compounds aged heterogeneously. Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of an oxidized surface layer, and therefore diffusion-limited oxidation effects, but only under aerobic aging conditions. Reaction mechanisms are proposed to explain the net crosslink rise with heat aging.
RECYCLING BEHAVIOR OF THERMOREVERSIBLY DIELS–ALDER CROSSLINKED EPM
Authors: Zdvizhkov Alexander T. , Van Duin Martin , Picchioni Francesco 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The recyclability of thermoreversibly Diels–Alder (DA) crosslinked EPM has been studied. The retro DA reaction dominates over the dehydration–aromatization process of the DA adduct. Moreover, a negative influence of air occurred as a result of a crosslinking in air flow. Nevertheless, rubber compounds prepared from EPM-g-furan and carbon black can be recycled several times without losing mechanical strength, a feature attributed to a strong antioxidant effect of the carbon black.
WASTE MORINGA OLEIFERA GUM AS A MULTIFUNCTIONAL ADDITIVE FOR UNFILLED SBR COMPOUND
Authors: Koley Riya , Kasilingam Rajkumar , Sahoo Suchismita , Chattopadhyay Santanu , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
A natural waste (gum) of the drumstick tree, Moringa oleifera, was used for the first time as a sustainable multifunctional additive in an SBR compound. Improved cure rate with lower optimum cure time was obtained by using the gum as an accelerator activator. Tack strength of the M. oleifera gum–SBR compound was superior to both the control and the compound containing commercial phenol–formaldehyde resin at 5 parts per hundred of rubber loading. At different loadings, the gum acted as a plasticizer for the rubber and augmented processing by reducing the viscosity of the compound. The glass transition temperature of the compounds decreased by 2 °C compared with the pristine SBR. Moringa oleifera gum at any loading reduced the die swell of SBR. This study has relevance because the rubber industry is looking for feasible sustainable additives as alternatives to existing petroleum-based compounding ingredients.
Exploring strategies used by physiotherapy private practices in hosting student clinical placements
Authors: Forbes Roma , Dinsdale Alana , Dunwoodie Ruth , Birch Stephen , Brauer Sandy 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Private practice clinical education experiences are important for workforce readiness of physiotherapy graduates, however there are limited opportunities to experience this setting during training. Furthermore, private practice is considered a valuable source of placements for education providers where shortages occur. Exploring the strategies used by physiotherapy private practice providers when hosting students may provide insight into how students can be integrated into practice whilst minimising disruption to staff, clients and service delivery. Methods: A qualitative study with a general inductive thematic analytical approach was undertaken. Semi-structured interviews of ten physiotherapy private practice placement providers responsible for student placement provision were used to explore the strategies used to successfully integrate students into private practice settings. Results: Four key themes emerged following data analysis; developing systems, student service provision, finding other ways to educate, and seeking support from the education provider. Conclusion: This study is the first to explore the perspective of private practice placement providers regarding how students are successfully integrated into private practice settings where learning and service delivery can be maximised. Areas for further research are outlined.
Pengaruh Bekam Terhadap Intensitas Nyeri pada Penderita Reumatik Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tanjung Hulu Kecamatan Pontianak Timur Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Iswara Ruhil , Sari Lintang , Kosasih Engkos 
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang : Rematik merupakan keadaan progresif yang dimulai dengan rasa sakit dan kaku pada persendian yang dapat menyebabkan morbiditas dan kecacatan seumur hidup. Nyeri ini mengakibatkan penderita sulit untuk bergerak sehingga mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari. Bekam merupakan pengobatan dengan penghisapan menggunakan cup pada kulit, kemudian darah dikeluarkan melalui sayatan bertujuan meningkatkan sirkulasi darah, menimbulkan efek penghilang nyeri, dan mengurangi pembengkakan. Tujuan Penelitian: Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap intensitas nyeri pada penderita rematik. Jenis penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi experiment (eksperimen semu) dengan desain pre and posttest without control dengan responden sebanyak enam belas orang. Hasil penelitian : Perbedaan rata-rata skala nyeri sebelum dan setelah intervensi diuji menggunakan wilcoxon dengan hasil terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada rata-rata skala nyeri sebelum dan setelah intervensi dengan nilai p value (0,001) lebih kecil dari a=0,05. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terapi bekam berpengaruh terhadap nyeri pada penderita rematik. Oleh karena itu disarankan kepada masyarakat untuk dapat memilih terapi bekam dalam mengurangi nyeri rematik.