bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Virulence Profiles of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated From Different Animals
Authors: Liu Hsu‐Chung , Tang Hui‐Ling , Chiou Chien‐Shun , Lin Yi‐Chun , Chiang Ming‐Ko , Tung Kwong‐Chung , Lai Yi‐Chyi , Lu Min‐Chi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundKlebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess (KLA) is an invasive disease, and the occurrence of infection is related to its virulence factors and colonization of the host's gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Some animal‐sourced isolates share virulence factors with human pathogens. However, the potential of K. pneumoniae as a zoonotic agent has not been confirmed in murine infection model.ObjectivesTo identify the prevalence and virulence profiles of K. pneumoniae colonization in companion and wild animals and subsequently determine the pathogenicity of selected strains.MethodsForty‐five K. pneumoniae isolates (45/302) were obtained from faeces of companion or wild animals. Virulence factors, gyrA polymerase chain reaction with the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were detected and compared with our previous collection of 60 human pathogens. For KLA model and cytotoxicity test, three animal‐sourced isolates, CHKP0009 (snake, K1, KpII), CHKP0021 (turtle, K2, pLVPK, KpI, cluster I) and CHKP1027 (dog, non‐K1/K2, HV, KpI, cluster III), with similar genotype and/or phenotype to human pathogens were selected and evaluated for their virulence with human hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) CG43S.ResultsThe prevalence of K. pneumoniae was higher in companion than wild animals. K. pneumoniae was primarily isolated from dogs, turtles and snakes. Some animal‐sourced isolates carried virulence factors and revealed phylogenetic relatedness with human pathogens. In KLA model, BALB/c mice infected with snake isolate CHKP0009 and dog isolate CHKP1027 survived for 14 days but showed significant bacterial loads in the liver and spleen. Notably, the pet turtle isolate CHKP0021 presented comparable virulence with human hvKp CG43S and induced liver abscess formation. All three selected animal‐sourced isolates could colonize in the GI tract and possess cytotoxic ability. These findings demonstrated pathogenicity of the animal K. pneumoniae isolates. In addition, the high prevalence of K. pneumoniae in companion animals and some isolates with virulence profiles suggested animal‐sourced K. pneumoniae has the zoonotic potential to cause human disease.ConclusionAnimals are the natural hosts of zoonotic pathogens. Some animal‐sourced K. pneumoniae isolates are not only pathogenic in vivo but also exhibit phylogenetic relatedness to human pathogens, suggesting the existence of a zoonotic risk for K. pneumoniae between these two populations.
Insights Into the Genome Structure of Natural Hybrid Zygosaccharomyces sp. Yeasts Isolated From Miso
Authors: Ogata Tomoo , Noda Yuri , Matsura Atsuko , Chigira Saki , Nakamura Kensuke 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThere is currently much interest in the Zygosaccharomyces sp. used to produce fermented foods. Here we have used sequencing and PCR to explore differences in the genomic structures of various haploid and allodiploid Zygosaccharomyces sp. strains isolated from miso. In haploid strains, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences had high identity with the ITS sequences of the type strain Z. rouxii CBS732 (92%–100%). In allodiploid strains, some ITS sequences showed high identity (92%–100%), while others showed relatively low identity (69%–83%) with CBS732. By sequencing multiple ITS regions, it might be possible to predict whether a yeast strain is haploid or allodiploid. We also explored the mating‐type like loci (MTLs) of these strains. Allodiploid natural hybrid strains commonly had a P‐subgenome sequence inserted in the right arm of the active MAT locus, but the length of the insert differed by strain. A 36‐kbp P‐subgenome sequence was also inserted into the left arm region of the surrounding MTL in the miso strain MG101. It is likely that loss of heterozygosity occurs around MTLs with homologous sequences. Last, we sequenced the whole genome of yeast strain NBRC1877, which was isolated from Japanese miso 60 years ago. The draft sequence identified chromosomes with a different structure from those of Z. rouxii CBS732. Further comparisons revealed that these chromosomes exist in other Zygosaccharomyces sp. allodiploid yeast strains and may have been formed by reciprocal translocation between tRNA genes during the process of evolution.
Surgical technique of a transcutaneous osseointegration prosthesis system (TOPS) for transtibial amputees
Authors: Frölke Jan Paul , Leijendekkers Ruud , Atallah Robin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Transcutaneous osseointegration prosthetic systems (TOPS) are intended to provide stable skeletal attachment for artificial limbs after extremity amputation and is an alternative for socket attachment. TOPS for individuals with limb amputation using osseointegration implants (OI) has proven to consistently and significantly improve quality of life and mobility for the vast majority of amputees, previously using a socket prosthesis also experiencing socket-related problems. As with any implant, complications such as infection, aseptic loosening, or implant fracture can occur, which may necessitate hardware removal. Approximately half of patients who undergo a below-knee amputation are able to utilize an artificial leg acceptably well with a socket-suspended prosthesis. However, the other half of patients experience limitations resulting in reduced prosthesis use, mobility, and quality of life. Limb-to-prosthesis energy transfer is poor because of the so-called “pseudojoint” (i.e., the soft tissue interface), and gross mechanical malalignment is common. Furthermore, transtibial amputees may experience irritation from pistoning and suction at the residual limb–socket interface. These issues result in skin problems and difficulties with socket fit because of fluctuation in the size of the residual limb size, resulting in a decrease in overall satisfaction and confidence in mobility. A bone-anchored implant creates a direct skeletal connection between the residual limb and artificial leg, in which energy transfer is optimal and mechanical alignment is significantly improved.
An endangered species: how LLMs threaten Wikipedia’s sustainability
Authors: Vetter Matthew A. , Jiang Jialei , McDowell Zachary J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As a collaboratively edited and open-access knowledge archive, Wikipedia offers a vast dataset for training artificial intelligence (AI) applications and models, enhancing data accessibility and access to information. However, reliance on the crowd-sourced encyclopedia raises ethical issues related to data provenance, knowledge production, curation, and digital labor. Drawing on critical data studies, feminist posthumanism, and recent research at the intersection of Wikimedia and AI, this study employs problem-centered expert interviews to investigate the relationship between Wikipedia and large language models (LLMs). Key findings include the unclear role of Wikipedia in LLM training, ethical issues, and potential solutions for systemic biases and sustainability challenges. By foregrounding these concerns, this study contributes to ongoing discourses on the responsible use of AI in digital knowledge production and information management. Ultimately, this article calls for greater transparency and accountability in how big tech entities use open-access datasets like Wikipedia, advocating for collaborative frameworks prioritizing ethical considerations and equitable representation.
Advantages in orthopaedic implant infection diagnostics by additional analysis of explants
Authors: Suda Arnold J. , Miethke Thomas , Landua Nadine , Obertacke Udo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Implant-associated infections are the most challenging complication in orthopaedics and trauma surgery as they often lead to long courses of illness and are a financial burden for the healthcare system. There is a need for fast, simple, and cheap identification of pathogens but the ideal detection method was not found yet. The work aims to test whether the detection of pathogens culturing the removed implant is more successful than from simultaneously taken tissue samples or punction fluid.

Methods
Implants were removed due to infection, irritation, or loosening. Tissue samples and joint fluids were processed for bacterial growth in sterile conditions. Samples were incubated and checked for growth. Bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing were performed. Data were anonymized, and statistical analysis was done using Excel and SAS, employing tests like Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney-U, and Kruskal-Wallis. Ethical approval was obtained for this study.

Results
Between February 2018 and April 2019, a total of 163 patients (175 cases) underwent orthopaedic implant removal for various reasons. 30 cases were not usable or analyzable due to missing or damaged reference material, so 145 cases could be evaluated due to study protocol.
The range of detected bacteria was as expected and included low-virulent bacteria such as Micrococcus luteus and Corynebacteria. Pathogen detection by culture of the the explant´s was more sensitive (84.83%) than pathogen detection from tissue samples and punction fluid (64.14%, p<0.0001). Comorbidities did not play any role in the quality of detection but prior antibiotic treatment did influence the results of tissue diagnostics.

Conclusion
This study showed with a higher frequency of bacterial detection of orthopedic explant´s surface compared to tissue samples or punction fluid. This may reduce the number of samples and cost but enhances the quality of orthopaedic implant-related infection diagnostics.
Comparison of temperature dependence of Fe:ZnSe laser output properties under semi-longitudinal excitation by 2.94 and $$\sim$$4.04 $${\upmu }$$m radiation
Authors: Říha Adam , Jelínková Helena , Doroshenko Maxim E. , Němec Michal , Šulc Jan , Vyhlídal David , Badikov Dimitriy V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The temperature dependence of the laser output properties of the Fe:ZnSe single crystal was compared under its excitation by 2.94

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m Q-switched Er:YAG laser radiation and by

$$\sim$$

∼

4.04

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m gain-switched second Fe:ZnSe laser radiation within the same semi-longitudinal configuration. A non-selective laser cavity consisted of a flat highly reflective mirror at

$$\sim$$

∼

4–5

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m and a concave (r = 200 mm) output coupler with a reflectivity of 88% at

$$\sim$$

∼

3.9

$$-$$

-

5.3

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m. To keep the energy at both excitation wavelengths the same of

$$\sim$$

∼

9.4 mJ, a special filters were used for attenuation of 2.94

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m radiation. The output energy almost doubled since the angle between pumping and generated laser radiation was reduced from

$$\sim$$

∼

20

$$^{\circ }$$

∘

to

$$\sim$$

∼

12

$$^{\circ }$$

∘

. The generated laser oscillation wavelength was shifted by

$$\sim$$

∼

100 nm in the case of

$$\sim$$

∼

4.04

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m compared to excitation by 2.94

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m radiation. The maximum laser output energy of

$$\sim$$

∼

1.7 mJ under 2.94

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m excitation was obtained at 78 K. However, at

$$\sim$$

∼

4.04

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m pumping, the maximum of

$$\sim$$

∼

0.5 mJ was obtained at 260 K. The efficiency at 2.94

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m excitation decreased from

$$\sim$$

∼

33% at 78 K to

$$\sim$$

∼

12% at 340 K. At

$$\sim$$

∼

4.04

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m radiation excitation, the efficiency increased from the laser threshold at 120 K to its maximum of

$$\sim$$

∼

9% at 260 K.
Isoperimetric Formulas for Hyperbolic Animals
Authors: Roldán Érika , Toalá-Enríquez Rosemberg 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An animal is a planar shape formed by attaching congruent regular polygons along their edges. In 1976, Harary and Harborth gave closed isoperimetric formulas for Euclidean animals. Here, we provide analogous formulas for hyperbolic animals. We do this by proving a connection between Sturmian words and the parameters of a discrete analogue of balls in the graph determined by hyperbolic tessellations. This reveals a complexity in hyperbolic animals that is not present in Euclidean animals.
Radiologic assessment of third molar development and cervical vertebral maturation to validate age of majority in a Mexican population
Authors: Márquez-Ruiz Ana Belén , González-Herrera Lucas , Luna Juan de Dios , Valenzuela Aurora 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An increase in irregular migration flows has further raised the importance of age estimation in forensic science. To improve the reliability of age of majority determination, one recommendation is to combine the evaluation of third molar development with age-related skeletal information. In the present study, we assessed mandibular third molar development and cervical vertebral maturation to evaluate the ability of these age indicators, alone and in combination, to accurately identify individuals 18 years of age or older. The study sample comprised 123 multi-slice computed tomography images of Mexican individuals (67 males and 56 females) aged between 14 and 22 years. Demirjian’s stages of tooth development and Baccetti’s stages of vertebral maturation were used. A fully developed mandibular third molar (stage H) indicated adult age with 100% certainty. However, around 70% of individuals older than 18 years had third molars that had not yet completed their development. Thus, immature third molars do not rule out the possibility that an individual has reached the age of majority. In the study sample, the combination of the maturity stages of teeth 38 and 48 or their combination with the cervical stages of maturation did not improve upon the prediction accuracy of either of the mandibular third molars alone (area under the ROC curve > 0.85). Therefore, these findings highlight the need to identify other complementary age estimation methods that minimize the number of false negatives (i.e., adults classified as minors) obtained with assessment of third molar development alone.
Comparison of different dental age estimation methods with deep learning: Willems, Cameriere-European, London Atlas
Authors: Yavuz Betul Sen , Ekmekcioglu Omer , Ankarali Handan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to compare dental age estimates using Willems, Cameriere-Europe, London Atlas, and deep learning methods on panoramic radiographs of Turkish children. The dental ages of 1169 children (613 girls, 556 boys) who agreed to participate in the study were determined by 4 different methods. The Convolutional Neural Network models examined were implemented in the TensorFlow library. Simple correlations and intraclass correlations between children’s chronological ages and dental age estimates were calculated. Goodness-of-fit criteria were calculated based on the errors in dental age estimates and the smallest possible values for the Akaike Information Criterion, the Bayesian-Schwarz Criterion, the Root Mean Squared Error, and the coefficient of determination value. Simple correlations were observed between dental age and chronological ages in all four methods (p < 0.001). However, there was a statistically significant difference between the average dental age estimates of methods other than the London Atlas for boys (p = 0.179) and the four methods for girls (p < 0.001). The intra-class correlation between chronological age and methods was examined, and almost perfect agreement was observed in all methods. Moreover, the predictions of all methods were similar to each other in each gender and overall (Intraclass correlation [ICCW] = 0.92, ICCCE=0.94, ICCLA=0.95, ICCDL=0.89 for all children). The London Atlas is only suitable for boys in predicting the age of Turkish children, Willems, Cameriere-Europe formulas, and deep learning methods need revision.
Sedimentmanagement, ökologischer Zustand und Handlungsempfehlungen hinsichtlich Kleinwasserkraftanlagen in Österreich
Authors: Leitner Patrick , Flödl Peter , Graf Wolfram , Hauer Christoph 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Kontinuumsunterbrechungen und Restwassersituationen durch Kleinstwasserkraftanlagen stellen wesentliche hydromorphologische Beeinträchtigungen von Fließgewässern in Österreich dar, wobei bereits Möglichkeiten und Vorgaben für Sanierungsmaßnahmen bestehen. Speziell für das hydromorphologische Risiko in Staubereichen fehlen jedoch spezifische Handlungsempfehlungen, inwiefern eine ökologische Aufwertung unter dem Aspekt der Feststoffdynamik möglich ist. Die Auswirkungen von Stauanlagen auf die unterschiedlichen biologischen Qualitätskomponenten und damit auf den ökologischen Zustand sind bereits gut dokumentiert, wobei die hydraulischen Verhältnisse im Bereich der Gewässersohle von entscheidender Bedeutung sind. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, auf Grundlage von Makrozoobenthos-Daten von Staubereichen unterschiedlicher Bioregionen, die ökologische Zustandsklasse mit den abiotischen Parametern Fließgeschwindigkeit und Korngröße zu korrelieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine grobe ökologische Risikoabschätzung von Stauen bei Kleinwasserkraftanlagen mittels Substratkartierung und einfachen Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Fließgeschwindigkeit vorab geschätzt werden kann. Unsicherheiten in der Prognose aufgrund typologischer Besonderheiten sollten jedoch individuell beurteilt werden.
Effect of twin block on intracranial pressure
Authors: Hezenci Yasin , Bulut Musa , Demirel Oğuzhan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the impact of Twin Block appliances on intracranial pressure (ICP) in adolescents by measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) using ultrasonography.

Methods
We conducted a prospective study involving 20 adolescents (8 girls and 12 boys) with skeletal mandibular retrognathia undergoing treatment with Twin Block appliances. ONSD measurements were taken at six different time points: before appliance placement (T0), 1 min after placement (T1), 10 min after placement (T2), one month after the start of treatment with twin block (T3), immediately after appliance removal (T4), and 10 min after removal (T5). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) were also monitored. Statistical analyses were performed using Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests with Bonferroni correction, considering p < 0.05 as statistically significant.

Results
Significant increases in ONSD were observed at T1 and T2 compared to T0 (p < 0.05), with the highest ONSD recorded at T1. No significant changes in ONSD were noted at T3 or T5, indicating that the initial increase in ONSD was temporary. MAP showed a significant decrease at T2, but no significant changes were observed in SpO2 or heart rate across the time points.

Conclusion
This study is the first to report a significant increase in ICP, as indicated by ONSD, in adolescents using Twin Block appliances. The observed rise in ONSD shortly after appliance placement suggests a temporary increase in ICP. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring intracranial pressure during orthodontic treatment, particularly in adolescents.
Loss and damage in tropical fisheries: a systematic review of people, climate, and fisheries
Authors: N’Guetta Alicia , Boyd Emily , Krause Torsten , Jackson Guy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Climate change loss and damage research and policy includes biodiversity loss as a non-economic loss and damage. Yet there is scant understanding of what is loss and damage in tropical fisheries and how it is measured. We conduct the first systematic review of loss and damage in fisheries. The study uses a qualitative interpretivist values–based lens to examine fishers’ intrinsic, instrumental, and relational values in the literature. A systematic review was carried out on the interdisciplinary literature on fisheries in 2022–2023. Guided by criteria and questions, we identified 11 case studies that fit the criteria for loss and damage in fisheries (17% of total literature identified). All 11 cases reported economic loss and damage (e.g. income and fisheries catch). Many studies have reported non-economic loss and damage (e.g. loss of ecosystem services and species (82%), food security and health (82%), mobility (19%)). The results also show that loss and damage in fisheries are valued in a relational way to fishers’ livelihood, way of life, and well-being through for example loss of social and emotional well-being (73%), sense of belonging (36%), and identity (27%). Several studies underscore socioeconomic, political, and environmental drivers that intersect locally with climate change, such as overfishing and pollution (55%), or failure of international policies and development aid (37%). We suggest the current international policy framing of loss and damage risks undermining the understanding of local fishers’ everyday experience and argue for plural and inclusive ways of knowing and valuing loss and damage in fisheries.
Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in clinical trial reporting for metastatic spine tumors: An exploration of North American studies
Authors: Bangash Ali Haider , Fluss Rose , Eleswarapu Ananth S , Fourman Mitchell S , Gelfand Yaroslav , Murthy Saikiran G , Yassari Reza , De la Garza Ramos Rafael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The objective of this study was to evaluate the reporting of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic data in clinical trials exploring the management of metastatic spine disease (MSD).

Methods
We undertook a cross-sectional analysis of North American completed and published clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov exploring the management of patients with MSD. Data on patient demographics, trial characteristics, reporting of race and ethnicity, distribution of racial and ethnic groups, and reporting of socioeconomic measures was extracted from ClinicalTrials.gov and related publications identified through PubMed and Google Scholar searches. An exploratory data analysis was performed, followed by Pearson’s Chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses to explore associations of covariates with racioethnic reporting.

Results
Out of 158 completed trials, only 8% (12 of 158) met inclusion criteria with published results. These 12 trials included a total of 1,568 patients with a mean age of 61 years. Almost half (42%; (5 of 12)) of trials did not report race, while only 17% (2 of 12) of trials reported ethnicity. In trials reporting complete racial data (n = 5), 77% (377 of 493) patients were White, 15% (n = 73) Black or African American, and 4% (n = 19) Asian. American Indian/Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander patients were severely underrepresented (0.4% and 0.2%, respectively). Of the two trials reporting ethnicity, 94% (479 of 514) patients were Not Hispanic or Latino. Sponsoring body of the trial, trial phase, intervention type, number of trial patients, or mean age of patients were not significantly associated with racioethnic reporting. Notably, no trial reported any measures of socioeconomic status.

Conclusion
Our review revealed significant gaps in the reporting of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic data in MSD clinical trials, with substantial underrepresentation of minority groups. This underrepresentation limits the generalizability of trial findings and may perpetuate health disparities. Coordinated efforts from researchers, clinicians, policymakers, and funding bodies are needed to improve diversity in future trials. Strategies such as targeted outreach, community engagement, and more inclusive eligibility criteria should be implemented to ensure that trial populations better reflect the diversity of MSD patients in the general population.