bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SACRIFICIO DE ANIMALES Y LIBERTAD RELIGIOSA. COMENTARIO A CENTRAAL ISRAËLITISCH CONSISTORIE VAN BELGIË, STJUE (GRAN SALA) DE 17-12-2020
Authors: GARCIA URETA AGUSTIN 
Published: April 2021

El presente comentario examina una sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) (Gran Sala) respecto de las restricciones para el sacrificio ritual de animales a la luz de la normativa europea sobre esta materia. A diferencia de anteriores sentencias, el TJUE ha sostenido que los Estados miembros pueden establecer medidas más restrictivas, imponiendo el requisito del aturdimiento previo reversible. La ausencia de un consenso en los Estados miembros sobre esta cuestión ha llevado al TJUE a evitar imponer un canon común a todos ellos.Iruzkin honek Europar Batasuneko Justizia Auzitegiaren (EBJA, Sala Nagusia) epai bat aztertzen du, gai horri buruzko Europako araudiaren arabera animaliak erritualki hiltzeko murrizketei buruzkoa. Aurreko epaietan ez bezala, EBJAk esan du estatu kideek neurri murriztaileagoak ezar ditzaketela, aldez aurreko zorabio itzulgarriaren betekizuna ezarriz. Gai horri buruz estatu kideetan adostasunik ez dagoenez, EBJAk saihestu egin du horiei guztiei kanon komun bat ezartzea.This comment examines a judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) (Grand Chamber) regarding the restrictions for the ritual slaughter of animals, in the light of the EU regulations on this matter. Unlike previous judgments, the CJEU has affirmed that the Member States are entitled to impose further restrictions, such as the previous reversible stunning of animals without causing their death. The lack of common consensus on this matter in the EU has led the CJEU not to set out a judicial canon on this matter.
PRINCIPALES NOVEDADES PARA EL SECTOR DEL GAS NATURAL QUE RESULTAN DE LAS CIRCULARES DE LA COMISIÓN NACIONAL DE LOS MERCADOS Y LA COMPETENCIA
Authors: ESTOA PÉREZ ABEL 
Published: April 2021

Este trabajo describe el sistema de gas natural que resulta de
las primeras circulares aprobadas por la CNMC en cumplimiento del Real Decreto-
Ley 1/2019. Las circulares regulan el acceso a las instalaciones, su balance y retribución,
así como los peajes necesarios para recuperar el coste de esos activos.
La circular de acceso culmina la «virtualización del sistema» con la creación de un
tanque único de GNL que permitirá, cabe esperar, mayor eficiencia y una reducción
de precios. La circular de balance se centra en prevenir el fraude. Reajusta las
garantías exigibles y, en incumplimientos graves, permite deshacer operaciones.
Las metodologías de retribución supondrán la reducción de las retribuciones atendiendo
al principio de realización de una actividad de bajo riesgo al menor coste.
A través de los peajes se recuperará esa retribución durante el periodo retributivo
de seis años que se inicia el 1 de enero de 2021.
Gas naturalaren arloan daukagun sistema deskribatzen du lan
honek, abiapuntu garbia jarrita: 1/2019 Errege Lege Dekretua bete beharrez MLBNk
onartu zituen lehen zirkularrak. Zirkularrek instalazioetarako sarbidea, balantzea eta
ordainsaria arautzen dituzte, baita aktibo horien kostua berreskuratzeko behar diren
bidesariak ere. Sarbidearen zirkularrak «sistemaren birtualizazioa» amaitzen du,
hau da, GNL-tanga bakarra sortzen du, hartara ¿espero izatekoa denez¿ efizientzia
handiago lortzeko eta prezioak jaisteko. Balantze-zirkularraren ardatza iruzurra
prebenitzea da; eska daitezkeen bermeak doitu, eta, urraketa larrietan, eragiketak
desegitea ahalbidetzen du. Ordainsari-metodologiek ordainsariak murriztea ekarriko
dute, arrisku txikiko jarduerak kosturik txikienean egin behar direla dioen printzipioa
aintzat hartuta. Bidesarien bidez, ordainsari hori berreskuratu egingo da, hain zuzen
ere 2021eko urtarrilaren 1ean hasten den sei urteko ordainsari-aldian.
This work describes the natural gas system that results from
the first regulations (circulars) approved by the CNMC according to the Royal
Decree-Law 1/2019. The circulars regulate third party access to the facilities,
their balance and remuneration, as well as the tariffs necessary to recover the
cost of these assets. The access circular culminates the «virtualization of the
system» with the creation of a single LNG tank that will hopefully allow for
greater efficiency and lower prices. The balance circular is focused on preventing
fraud. It readjusts the required guarantees and, in serious infringements, allows
operations to be undone. The retribution methodologies will entail the reduction
of the remuneration according to the principle of carrying out a low-risk activity
at the lowest cost. Through the corresponding tariffs, this remuneration shall be
recovered during the six-year period that begins on January 1, 2021.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN PETANI TAMBAK IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) DI DUSUN SUNGAI MAS DESA SEBATUAN KECAMATAN PEMANGKAT
Authors: Pezi  , Januardy Uray , Dian Novita Uray 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa besar pendapatan usaha tambak Ikan Bandeng dalam sekali produksi dan mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi pendapatan petani tambak Ikan Bandeng di Dusun Sungai Mas Desa Sebatuan Kecamatan Pemangkat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif karena dalam pelaksanaanya meliputi data, analisis, dan interprestasi tentang arti data yang diperoleh, data yang digunakan data primer dan sekunder. Terdapat 45 sampel dalam penelitian ini kemudian di olah dengan menggunakan SPSS 25 dan di analisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pendapatan terbesar petani tambak yang ada di Dusun Sungai Mas, Desa Sebatuan dalam sekali produksi adalah Rp.46.781.493 dan yang terkecil adalah Rp. 4.553.160 dan berdasarkan hasil SPSS menunjukkan bahwa variabel tenaga kerja, luas lahan dan modal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan petani tambak Ikan Bandeng di Dusun Sungai Mas Desa Sebatuan, Kecamatan Pemangkat.
Predicting Goal-directed Attention Control Using Inverse-Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Zelinsky Gregory J. , Chen Yupei , Ahn Seoyoung , Adeli Hossein , Yang Zhibo , Huang Lihan , Samaras Dimitrios , Hoai Minh 
Published: April 2021

Understanding how goals control behavior is a question ripe for interrogation by new methods from machine learning. These methods require large and labeled datasets to train models. To annotate a large-scale image dataset with observed search fixations, we collected 16,184 fixations from people searching for either microwaves or clocks in a dataset of 4,366 images (MS-COCO). We then used this behaviorally-annotated dataset and the machine learning method of inverse-reinforcement learning (IRL) to learn target-specific reward functions and policies for these two target goals. Finally, we used these learned policies to predict the fixations of 60 new behavioral searchers (clock = 30, microwave = 30) in a disjoint test dataset of kitchen scenes depicting both a microwave and a clock (thus controlling for differences in low-level image contrast). We found that the IRL model predicted behavioral search efficiency and fixation-density maps using multiple metrics. Moreover, reward maps from the IRL model revealed target-specific patterns that suggest, not just attention guidance by target features, but also guidance by scene context (e.g., fixations along walls in the search of clocks). Using machine learning and the psychologically-meaningful principle of reward, it is possible to learn the visual features used in goal-directed attention control.
Comment on “Identification of the IMF sector structure in near-real time by ground magnetic data” by Janzhura and Troshichev (2011)
Authors: Stauning Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The only published description of the solar wind sector
(SS) term used for the reference level in the post-event and real-time
derivation of the Polar Cap (PC) indices, PCN (Polar Cap North) and PCS (Polar Cap South), in
the version endorsed by the International Association for Geomagnetism and
Aeronomy (IAGA) is found in the commented publication, Janzhura and
Troshichev: Identification of the IMF sector structure in near-real time by
ground magnetic data, Annales Geophysicae, 29, 1491–1500, 2011. Actually, the
publication has served as a basis for the index endorsement by IAGA in 2013.
However, neither the illustrations nor the results presented there have been
derived by the specified near real-time method. Figures 1, 6, 7, and 8 display
values derived by post-event calculations based on daily medians smoothed
over 7 d centred on the day of interest. Figures 2, 3, and 4 display
observed values smoothed over 7 d, while the remaining Fig. 5 displays
averages over 4 months. In summary, there are strong disagreements between
indications in the title, abstract, and statements in the text compared to
the actual results and their illustrations.
A novel analytical approach for the simultaneous measurement of nitrate and dissolved organic carbon in soil water
Authors: Yeshno Elad , Dahan Ofer , Bernstain Shoshana , Arnon Shlomi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. In this paper, we present a novel approach, enabling the
measurement of nitrate concentrations in natural soil porewater containing
natural soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The method is based on UV
absorbance spectroscopy, combined with fluorescence spectroscopy, for
simultaneous analysis of DOC and nitrate concentrations. The analytical
procedure involves deduction of the absorption caused by the DOC from the
total absorbance in the UV range that is attributed to both DOC and nitrate
in the water solution. The analytical concept has been successfully tested
in soil water samples obtained from five agricultural sites, as well as in
water samples obtained from a commercial humus soil mixture. We believe that the new analytical concept can provide a scientific foundation for
developing a sensor for real-time nitrate concentration measurements in
agricultural soils. As such, it can play a significant role in reducing
nitrate pollution in water resources, optimizing input application in
agriculture, and decreasing food production costs.
Spectral attenuation coefficients from measurements of light transmission in bare ice on the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Cooper Matthew G. , Smith Laurence C. , Rennermalm Asa K. , Tedesco Marco , Muthyala Rohi , Leidman Sasha Z. , Moustafa Samiah E. , Fayne Jessica V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Light transmission into bare glacial ice affects surface
energy balance, biophotochemistry, and light detection and ranging (lidar)
laser elevation measurements but has not previously been reported for the
Greenland Ice Sheet. We present measurements of spectral transmittance at
350–900 nm in bare glacial ice collected at a field site in the western
Greenland ablation zone (67.15∘ N, 50.02∘ W). Empirical irradiance
attenuation coefficients at 350–750 nm are ∼ 0.9–8.0 m−1 for ice at 12–124 cm depth. The absorption minimum is at
∼ 390–397 nm, in agreement with snow transmission
measurements in Antarctica and optical mapping of deep ice at the South
Pole. From 350–530 nm, our empirical attenuation coefficients are nearly
1 order of magnitude larger than theoretical values for optically pure
ice. The estimated absorption coefficient at 400 nm suggests the ice volume
contained a light-absorbing particle concentration equivalent to
∼ 1–2 parts per billion (ppb) of black carbon, which is similar to
pre-industrial values found in remote polar snow. The equivalent mineral
dust concentration is ∼ 300–600 ppb, which is similar to values for
Northern Hemisphere warm periods with low aeolian activity inferred from ice
cores. For a layer of quasi-granular white ice (weathering crust)
extending from the surface to ∼ 10 cm depth, attenuation
coefficients are 1.5 to 4 times larger than for deeper bubbly ice. Owing to
higher attenuation in this layer of near-surface granular ice, optical
penetration depth at 532 nm is 14 cm (20 %) lower than asymptotic
attenuation lengths for optically pure bubbly ice. In addition to the
traditional concept of light scattering on air bubbles, our results imply
that the granular near-surface ice microstructure of weathering crust is
an important control on radiative transfer in bare ice on the Greenland Ice
Sheet ablation zone, and we provide new values of flux attenuation,
absorption, and scattering coefficients to support model development and
validation.
The Story/History of Japan: Producing Knowledge by Integrating the Study of Japanese Literature and Japanese History
Authors: Kvidera Peter James 
Published: April 2021

This essay discusses the benefits to student learning when we integrate the study of Japanese literature and Japanese history through the curricular model of "linked courses." The essay begins by examining the process of linking an introductory Japanese literature course and introductory Japanese history course, and continues by explaining its pedagogical advantages. Specifically, the collaboration of literary and historical study provides students greater access to the material and, subsequently, the opportunity for deeper analysis. Students can better understand how historical context informs the literature and how literary representation enhances historical knowledge. But in addition, this teaching model provokes broader questions about the production of knowledge itself: the disciplinary integration creates a learning environment in which we can ask how we know what we know, or in this case, how we come to understand both the "story" and the "history" of Japan.
Telehealth Utilization in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Parisien Robert L. , Shin Max , Trofa David P. , Prasad Aman , Li Xinning , Levine William N. , Flynn John M. , Ganley Theodore J. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the utilization of telehealth capabilities by pediatric orthopaedic departments across the United States in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
One hundred four pediatric orthopaedic departments were investigated regarding each institution's current telehealth utilization as a direct response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
Of the 104 hospitals contacted across the United States, 100 pediatric orthopaedic departments in 39 states responded for an overall response rate of 96%. Of the 95 institutions offering telehealth services, 83 (87.4%) cited the COVID-19 pandemic as the impetus for the implementation of telehealth services. Of these, 29 institutions (31%) began offering services from March 16 to March 31 and 34 (36%) began offering services from April 1 to April 15. Regional analysis demonstrated an 800% increase in telehealth services in the state of New York, a 600% increase in Florida, a 500% increase in Texas, a 400% increase in Michigan, a 200% increase in Pennsylvania, and a 1,100% increase in California.

Discussion:
This study demonstrates the rapid response measures instituted by pediatric orthopaedic institutions to meet the fundamental needs of the pediatric population during this unprecedented pandemic.
Allelopathic Effect of Lamiaceous Weeds on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa ‘Gobindobhog’)
Authors: Oraon Satyajit , Mondal Subrata 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present study reveals the allelopathic effect of aqueous leaf and root extracts of
Hyptis suaveolens
(L.) Poit. and
Leucas cephalotes
(Roth) Spreng. on seed germination and early growth of
Oryza sativa
‘Gobindobhog.’ Leaf and root extracts at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 4%, and 5%) were used to study the effect in laboratory-based experiments. After 5 days of incubation, seed germination and root and shoot length of rice seedlings were measured, and both
H. suaveolens
and
L. cephalotes
showed allelopathic effects on seed germination and growth parameters.
Hyptis suaveolens
showed a more pronounced effect at 5% concentration of aqueous leaf and root extracts than
L. cephalotes
. The inhibitory effects were as follows: root length > seed germination > shoot length. Both
H. suaveolens
and
L. cephalotes
impede seed germination and early growth of rice by releasing water-soluble allelochemicals from their leaves and roots.
La carrera docente universitaria en España
Authors: Hinojo Lucena Francisco Javier , Aznar Díaz Inmaculada , Rodríguez García Antonio Manuel , Romero Rodríguez José María 
Published: April 2021

El inicio de la carrera docente universitaria en España se inicia con la obtención de un contrato predoctoral. Los principales programas subvencionados por organismos públicos son las ayudas de Formación del Profesorado Universitario (FPU) y las ayudas de Formación del Personal Investigador (FPI). Los objetivos del trabajo se relacionaron principalmente con el análisis de la perspectiva profesional de los contratados predoctorales FPU y FPI. Para ello, se ha utilizado una metodología de corte cuantitativo a partir de la aplicación de un cuestionario cerrado tipo Likert. Se establecieron como variables de análisis la propia perspectiva profesional, formación e investigación y docencia. Entre los resultados se constatan algunas de las diferencias propias de cada ayuda, como la labor docente, donde las puntuaciones son más altas en los contratados FPU. Aunque no se encuentran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función del tipo de ayuda en las distintas variables. Finalmente, se evidencian algunas de las lagunas formativas del colectivo predoctoral y la diferenciación en la perspectiva laboral, en relación al campo de conocimiento del programa de doctorado.
The beginning of the university teaching career in Spain usually begins with obtaining a predoctoral contract. The main programs subsidized by public institutions are the aids of University Teacher Training (FPU) and the Training of Research Staff (FPI). The purposes of this paper were mainly related to the analysis of the professional perspective of the FPU and FPI predoctoral staff. For this, a quantitative methodology has been used based on the application of a closed Likert questionnaire. It were established as analysis variables the professional perspective, training and research and teaching. The results show some of the differences inherent to each aid, such as teaching, where the scores are higher in the FPU contracts. Although no statistically significant differences are found depending on the type of aid in the different variables. Lastly, some of the training gaps of the predoctoral group and the differentiation in the work perspective, in relation to the field of knowledge of the doctoral program, are evident.
Marcos de Competencias Digitales para docentes universitarios: su evaluación a través del coeficiente competencia experta
Authors: Cabero-Almenara Julio , Barroso-Osuna Julio , Palacios Rodríguez Antonio , Llorente-Cejudo Carmen 
Published: April 2021

Las tecnologías se encuentran en el centro de una de las transformaciones más radicales que se han producido en la enseñanza universitaria, reclamando la atención del profesorado y de planes de formación del profesorado. Diferentes instituciones han propuesto una serie de marcos competenciales sobre las competencias prioritarias en las cuales deben formarse los docentes. El objetivo del trabajo es mediante juicio de expertos, elegir un marco de competencias que se convierta en el eje de una investigación más amplia: Diseño, producción y evaluación de t.MOOC para la adquisición por los docentes de “Competencias Digitales Docentes” (DIMOOC)”. Se enviaron 369 correos a expertos, se recibieron 179 contestaciones aplicando el Coeficiente de Competencia Experta que hizo que nos el total fuese 148 expertos. Tras los resultados obtenidos, se puede constatar que ha sobresalido un marco de Competencia Digital Docente (CDD), el Marco de la Unión Europea de Competencia Digital Docente (DigCompEdu).
The technologies are at the centre of one of the most radical transformations that have occurred in university education, claiming the attention of teachers and teacher training plans. Different institutions have proposed a series of competency frameworks on the priority competences in which teachers should be trained. The objective of the work is through expert judgment, to choose a framework of competencies that becomes the focus of a broader investigation: Design, production and evaluation of t.MOOC for the acquisition by teachers of “Digital Teaching Competencies” (DIMOOC ) ” 369 emails was sent to experts, 179 replies were received applying the Expert Competence Coefficient that made the total of 148 experts. After the results obtained, it can be seen that a framework of Digital Teaching Competency (CDD), the Framework of the European Union of Digital Teaching Competence (DigCompEdu), has excelled.
Evaluar la creatividad y las funciones ejecutivas: propuesta para la escuela del futuro
Authors: Sánchez-Macías Inmaculada , Rodríguez-Media Jairo , Aparicio-Herguedas José Luis 
Published: April 2021

Se presenta un estudio que pretende proponer estrategias de intervención didáctica y de evaluación para desarrollar y mejorar el funcionamiento ejecutivo y la creatividad en el alumnado de secundaria. Dicho estudio parte del análisis de las variables creatividad y funciones ejecutivas (memoria de trabajo (actualización), planificación, inhibición (verbal y motora), flexibilidad y toma de decisiones) medidas a través del Test de pensamiento creativo de Torrance(creatividad), la Escala de inteligencia de Weschler (WISC-IV, memoria de trabajo), Torre de Hanoi (planificación), Stroop (inhibición verbal), Go/no Go (inhibición motora), Test de Categorías de Wisconsin (flexibilidad) y el Iowa Gambling Task (toma de decisiones). Se han buscado las posibles relaciones entre las variables a partir de un diseño descriptivo, correlacional y transversal, en el que los resultados muestran que flexibilidad y creatividad se relacionan (r=) e inhibición verbal y creatividad también se relacionan (r=). A la luz de estos resultados se proponen estrategias metodológicas basadas en la investigación y la resolución de problemas y de evaluación formativa que insten, activando las funciones ejecutivas, a la autoevalución crítica, participada, la evaluación compartida con iguales.
A study is presented that aims to propose didactic intervention and evaluation strategies to develop and improve executive functioning and creativity in secondary school students. Said study starts from the analysis of the variables creativity and executive functions (working memory (updating), planning, inhibition (verbal and motor), flexibility and decision-making) measured through the Torrance Creative Thinking Test (creativity), Weschler Intelligence Scale (WISC-IV, working memory), Tower of Hanoi (planning), Stroop (verbal inhibition), Go / no Go (motor inhibition), Wisconsin Category Test (flexibility) and the Iowa Gambling Task (decision making). The possible relationships between the variables have been sought from a descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional design, in which the results show that flexibility and creativity are related (r =) and verbal inhibition and creativity are also related (r =). In light of these results, methodological strategies based on research and problem solving and formative evaluation are proposed that encourage, activating executive functions, critical, participatory self-evaluation, shared evaluation with peers.