bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory bowel disease negatively impacts household and family life
Authors: Paulides Emma , Cornelissen Demi , de Vries Annemarie C , van der Woude C Janneke 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a major impact on different aspects of life of patients with IBD, but functioning in the home environment is under-reported in literature. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of IBD on household and/or family life.MethodAdult patients with IBD from the outpatient clinic of the Erasmus MC (Rotterdam, the Netherlands) were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study between September and December 2020. A questionnaire was composed to measure the impact of IBD on functioning in the household and family life. In addition, the IBD Disability Index and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire were used. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression modelling.ResultsOf 308 invited patients, 229 patients were included (response rate 74%). Sixty-eight per cent of patients were diagnosed with Crohn’s disease, 69% were female and median age was 38.0 years. Many patients reported difficulties with domestic activities (55.0%), leisure (53.9%), parenting (50.6%), sexual activities (48.4%) and interpersonal relationships (39.1%). Fatigue was associated with the experience of more severe difficulties in domestic activities (OR 16.160, 95% CI 6.053 to 43.141). Furthermore, 32.7% of patients felt that IBD influenced their desire to have children.ConclusionIBD has a markedly negative impact on household and/or family life in many patients. To optimise patient care, household and family related difficulties need to be considered in a holistic treatment approach.
Neutron-mirror neutron mixing and neutron stars
Authors: Berezhiani Zurab , Biondi Riccardo , Mannarelli Massimo , Tonelli Francesco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe oscillation of neutron n into mirror neutron $$n'$$

n
′

, its mass degenerate partner from dark mirror sector, can gradually transform the neutron stars into the mixed stars consisting in part of mirror dark matter. In quark stars $$n-n'$$

n
-

n
′

transitions are suppressed. We study the structure of mixed stars and derive the mass-radius scaling relations between the configurations of purely neutron star and maximally mixed star (MMS) containing equal amounts of ordinary and mirror components. In particular, we show that the MMS masses can be at most $$M^{\mathrm{max}}_{NS}/\sqrt{2}$$

M

NS

max

/

2

, where $$M^\mathrm{max}_{NS}$$

M

NS

max

is a maximum mass of a pure neutron star allowed by a given equation of state. We evaluate $$n-n'$$

n
-

n
′

transition rate in neutron stars, and show that various astrophysical limits on pulsar properties exclude the transition times in a wide range $$10^{5}\,\text {year}< \tau _\varepsilon < 10^{15}\,\text {year}$$

10
5

year
<

τ
ε

<

10
15

year

. For short transition times, $$\tau _\varepsilon < 10^5$$

τ
ε

<

10
5

year, the different mixed stars of the same mass can have different radii, depending on their age, which possibility can be tested by the NICER measurements. We also discuss subtleties related with the possible existence of mixed quark stars, and possible implications for the gravitational waves from the neutron star mergers and associated electromagnetic signals.
Studies on the habitats of Grey Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) (Galliformes: Phasianidae) in northern districts of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: M. Pandian  
Published: November 2021

This paper pertains to the habitats of the Grey Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus with specific reference to populations, habitat type, vegetation, foraging, impact of human dwellings, and probable threats to populations in 20 villages covering four northern districts of Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 252 individuals were enumerated. During the non-breeding season, birds move in small groups of 2–6. Of four habitats identified, the maximum number of 143 birds was observed foraging in grasslands, while 61 were seen in dry fallow agricultural lands, 37 in dry lakes/canals, and 11 in harvested fields. No significant association was observed between habitat type and bird behaviour. They feed on termites and spilled paddy grains. Males have repeated loud calls and fight with each other. Four species of tall grasses, six of stunted trees and two shrubs were identified to provide bird habitat. Birds preferred to live away from human dwellings, with 193 found 1,000 m away from settlements. The study area continues to be a suitable habitat for Grey Francolin populations, hence this habitat needs protection.
New records of mass seeding Cephalostachyum latifolium Munro (Poaceae) along the mid-elevation broadleaved forest of Sarpang district, Bhutan
Authors: Tenzin Jigme , Nidup Sangay , Dorji Dago 
Published: November 2021

Mass seeding of Cephalostachyum latifolium under Sarpang district, Bhutan. However, Bhutan till dates has recorded only two Cephalostachyum species (C.Meanwhile, Meanwhile, recent record of gregarious and mass seeding of Cephalostachyum latifolium bamboo species from the mid-elevation broadleaved forest of Sarpang district in Bhutan has added another new records to bamboo science in 2017.C. In Bhutan, gregarious flowering of C. Therefore, gregarious and mass seeding has immense social, economic and ecological implications to the communities.
Recovery of vulture population in roosting and scavenging areas of Bastar and Bijapur, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Dutta Sushil Kumar , Khan Muntaz , P.R.S. Nagi  , Durgam Santosh , Dutta Surabhi 
Published: November 2021

Chhattisgarh is home to seven of the nine vulture species in India. One reason for this high vulture diversity is the presence of large herds of bovines numbering over 11 million individuals (ratio of human to bovine population is approximately 0.38), from which carcasses are disposed off in the open for scavengers. The late 1990s saw large scale decimation of vulture population, and since then there have been few studies with no sighting estimates available. In this study, concurrent sighting records were collected from different locations of southern Chhattisgarh and corroborated to develop conservative sighting estimates for sympatric populations of Gyps bengalensis and Gyps indicus. We present the first report on population recovery, with an estimated 30–35 Gyps bengalensis & 20–25 Gyps indicus in/ around Rudraram of Bijapur and 18 Gyps bengalensis & five Gyps indicus at Jamguda village of Bastar. Krishna Swami Gutta hill is identified as a nesting-roosting habitat for both species, for which six scavenging areas were identified in Bastar and Bijapur districts. The human/bovine population ratio for Bastar is 0.4, similar to the state ratio, while in Bijapur the ratio is 1.07, which justifies considering Bijapur as a conservation refuge. The few vultures that survived the diclofenac catastrophe in wild habitats most likely consumed wildlife carcasses that sustained a residual population. In these areas, the age-old practise of disposing off dead domesticated bovines away from settlements near reserve forests may also have supported the recovery of vulture population.
A modified Delphi approach to nurturing professionalism in postgraduate medical education in Singapore
Authors: Teo Yao Hao , Peh Tan Ying , Abdurrahman Ahmad Bin Hanifah Marican , Lee Alexia Sze Inn , Chiam Min , Fong Warren , Wijaya Limin , Krishna Lalit Kumar Radha 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Nurturing professional identities instils behavioural standards of physicians, and this in turn facilitates consistent professional attitudes, practice and patient care. Identities are socioculturally constructed efforts; therefore, we must account for the social, cultural and local healthcare factors that shape physicians’ roles, responsibilities and expectations. This study aimed to forward a programme to nurture professionalism among physicians in Singapore.

Methods:
A three-phase, evidenced-based approach was used. First, a systematic scoping review (SSR) was conducted to identify professionalism elements. Second, a questionnaire was created based on the findings of the SSR. Third, a modified Delphi approach, which involved local experts to identify socioculturally appropriate elements to nurture professionalism, was used.

Results:
A total of 124 articles were identified from the SSR; these articles revealed definitions, knowledge, skills and approaches to nurturing professionalism. Through the modified Delphi approach, we identified professional traits, virtues, communication, ethical, self-care, teaching and assessment methods, and support mechanisms.

Conclusion:
The results of this study formed the basis for a holistic and longitudinal programme focused on instilling professional traits and competencies over time through personalised and holistic support of physicians. The findings will be of interest to medical communities in the region and beyond.
Bombs in Vilnius: Radicalization of Antisemitic Attitudes and Practices Before World War II
Authors: Judzińska Natalia 
Published: November 2021

Bombs in Vilnius: Radicalization of Antisemitic Attitudes and Practices Before World War IIOn the eve of the Holocaust Poland saw enormous acts of antisemitic violence in every aspect of everyday life. This article proposes an analysis of antisemitic acts and actions that under Polish rule took place in Vilnius. In early 1937, the city witnessed a wave of antisemitic bomb attacks. Vilnius violence is set in the context of pogroms in other cities, but it remains an example and a specific model of unconditional radicalization of both nationalist attitudes and practices among Poles from different classes and social strata. The study focuses on the participation of students, prospective or actual members of the intelligentsia, in this “festival of violence”, and analyzes those events within the concepts of pogrom and Victor Turner’s social drama. Bomby w Wilnie. Radykalizacja postaw i praktyk antysemickich przed II wojną światowąW przededniu Zagłady przez Polskę przetacza się fala przemocy antysemickiej o charakterze pogromowym, która widoczna jest w niemalże każdym aspekcie życia codziennego. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia analizę aktów i działań antysemickich, które zdarzyły się w Wilnie pod rządami polskimi. Na początku roku 1937 miasto zmierzyło się z serią zamachów bombowych. Chociaż omówiona przemoc osadzona jest w kontekście sytuacji w innych miastach, pozostaje jednak i przykładem, i swoistym wzorem bezwarunkowej radykalizacji nacjonalistycznych postaw i praktyk wśród nieżydowskich Polaków i Polek pochodzących z różnych klas i warstw społecznych. Autorka koncentruje się w badaniach głównie na udziale studentów – przyszłych członków inteligencji – w tym „festiwalu przemocy” i analizuje opisywane wydarzenia w ramach koncepcji pogromu oraz Turnerowskiego dramatu społecznego.
Short Observation Period and Aggressive Discharge of Patients With Head Injury and Serial CT Scans
Authors: Perkins Jordan , Shreffler Jacob , Kamenec Danielle , Bequer Alexandra , Ziemba Corey , O'Brien Dan , Shoff Hugh , Smith Jason , Nash Nicholas , Huecker Martin 
Published: November 2021

Background: Many patients undergo two head computed tomography (CT) scans after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Radiographic progression without clinical deterioration does not usually alter management. Evidence-based guidelines offer potential for limited repeat imaging and safe discharge. This study characterizes patients who had two head CTs in the Emergency Department (ED), determines the change between initial and repeat CTs, and describes timing of repeat scans. Methods: This retrospective series includes all patients with head CTs during the same ED visit at an urban trauma center between May 1st, 2016 and April 30th, 2018. Radiographic interpretation was coded as positive, negative, or equivocal. Results: Of 241 subjects, the number of positive, negative, and equivocal initial CT results were 154, 50, and 37, respectively. On repeat CT, 190 (78.8%) interpretations were congruent with the original scan. Out of the 21.2% of repeat scans that diverged from the original read, 14 (5.8%) showed positive to negative conversion, 1 (.4%) showed positive to equivocal conversion, 2 (.88%) showed negative to positive conversion, 20 (8.3%) showed equivocal to negative conversion, and 14 (5.8%) showed equivocal to positive conversion. Average time between scans was 4.4 hours, and median length of stay was 10.2 hours. Conclusions: In this retrospective review, most repeat CT scans had no new findings. A small percentage converted to positive, rarely altering clinical management. This study demonstrates the need for continued prospective research to update clinical guidelines that could reduce admission and serial CT scanning for mild TBI.
Delivering the Same Intervention to Hispanic/Latinos With Pre-diabetes and Diabetes. Early Evidence of Success in a Longitudinal Mixed Method Study
Authors: Joachim-Célestin Maud , Gamboa-Maldonado Thelma , Dos Santos Hildemar , Montgomery Susanne B 
Published: November 2021

Background Despite nationwide efforts to address the diabetes epidemic and reduce prevalence disparities, higher rates persist among the poor, especially those with limited literacy. Currently, individuals with abnormal glycemia who have pre-diabetes and diabetes qualify for different programs. However, evidence suggests that, for low-income Hispanic/Latinos, offering a single intervention to all those with abnormal glycemia may provide a more culturally acceptable and effective approach. Our objective was to explore the feasibility of such an intervention led by community health workers (CHWs) among low-income Hispanic/Latinos with diabetes and at risk for diabetes. Methods Using a quasi-experimental mixed method design, we assessed weight, glycosylated hemoglobin, diabetes knowledge, and behavior changes of Hispanic/Latinos participants with pre-diabetes and diabetes living in Southern California. Biometric measurements, blood tests, and surveys were collected at baseline and 3 months post-intervention. Interviews and focus group discussions provided qualitative data. Results Although the program was less costly, results exceeded those reported for low-income H/L attending the National Diabetes Prevention Program and did not differ between pre-diabetes and diabetes groups. Instead, including individuals at different stages of the dysglycemic spectrum seemed to have enhanced the intervention. Physician referral and attendance of family/friends were associated with better outcomes. Conclusion Our findings indicate that a joint prevention/self-management intervention led by CHWs for low-income Hispanic/Latinos with diabetes and with pre-diabetes is feasible and cost-effective, providing results that could help reduce the success gap. Incorporating suggestions and replicating this study on a larger scale could help determine whether or not results are reproducible.
Effect of buddy-style intervention on exercise adherence in community-dwelling disabled older adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Takeda Hiromichi , Takatori Katsuhiko 
Published: November 2021

Objective To assess the preliminary effects of a buddy-style intervention to improve exercise adherence. Design A parallel-group, open-label, pilot randomized controlled trial. Setting Adult day-care centers. Participants Sixty-five disabled older adults. Interventions All participants underwent a 12-week home exercise program, and the intervention group received a 5–10 min buddy-style intervention between older adults in the intervention group once weekly at an adult day-care center. Main measures Based on the exercise log calendar, the number of days of exercise was assessed for each of the three phases: 1–4 weeks, 5–8 weeks, and 9–12 weeks. Short physical performance battery was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results Of the 590 screened older adults, 65 were recruited and 33 were assigned to the intervention group. One participant in each group withdrew before the program began, and four and five patients in the intervention and control groups, respectively, dropped out by the 12-week assessment. Analysis of covariance of the 28 and 26 patients in the intervention and control groups, respectively, for whom exercise log calendars could be retrieved, showed that the intervention group (24.4/28 days) exercised significantly more days than the control group (20.6/28 days) at 9–12 weeks ( P = 0.009). In the between-group effect of the intention-to-treat analysis of short physical performance battery, walking and standing test ( P = 0.790, P = 0.829) were not significantly different, and balance test ( P = 0.049) was significantly better in the control group. Conclusions There was a preliminary effect of the buddy-style intervention to improve exercise adherence.
Antimicrobial prescribing and outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia in Australian hospitalized patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Robert Lawless , Mark Vickers , Moayed Alawami , Nivashen Appasamy , Vinod Rajasingam , Sophie Paviour , Mohamed El Washahy , Rusheng Chew 
Published: November 2021

Objective We aimed to assess prescribing practices, compliance with guidelines, and outcomes for patients who were admitted to the authors’ institution with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods We performed a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study of adults with CAP presenting during the 2019 influenza season. CAP severity was assessed using the CURB-65 risk score. The effect of CURB-65 risk score use on the rate of appropriate antimicrobial prescribing was assessed using the chi-square test and reported as odds ratio (OR). Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the relationship between prescribing appropriateness and patient outcomes. Results Patients with low-risk CAP were most likely to be inappropriately prescribed antimicrobials (OR: 4.77; 95% confidence interval: 2.44–10.47). In low-risk CAP, the most common prescribing error was overuse of ceftriaxone. In high-risk CAP, the most common errors were ceftriaxone underdosing and missed atypical coverage with azithromycin. Overall, 80% of patients were considered to have been inappropriately prescribed antimicrobials. No effect on mortality was observed. Conclusions In this study, we found low use of CAP risk scores and low adherence to antimicrobial prescribing guidelines for CAP at the authors’ institution.
Influence of Age on Signal Intensity of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Outcomes in Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Comparisons Among Different Age Groups
Authors: Saito Masahiko , Morikawa Tsuguo , Iwasaki Junichi , Hosokawa Hiroaki , Sakamoto Takuya , Nakagawa Koichi , Sasho Takahisa 
Published: November 2021

Background: Thus far, the clinical results of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have been observed to be comparable between young and older patients. In contrast, age-related changes in the structural and mechanical properties of tendons used for autografts have been described. However, age-related changes associated with graft maturation remain poorly understood. Hypotheses: The hypotheses of this study were that (1) clinical outcomes after ACL reconstruction would be comparable between younger and relatively older patients and (2) younger patients would show lower signal intensity changes on magnetic resonance imaging scans indicative of graft maturation that would be better than that in relatively older patients. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 236 patients who underwent double-bundle ACL reconstruction via the outside-in technique using hamstring autograft between January 2012 and December 2015. The patients were categorized by age into 3 groups: <20 years old, 20 to 39 years old, and ≥40 years old. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Tegner activity scale, Lysholm score, and objective assessment of joint laxity 24 months after surgery. In addition, graft maturation was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging–derived measures of the signal intensity ratio (SIR) at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Clinical outcomes and graft maturation were compared among the 3 groups. Results: The SIR of both bundles increased from 3 months to 12 months and decreased by 24 months, showing the same tendency in all groups. No significant difference was found in the SIR among the 3 groups at any time point ( P > .05). The IKDC score was significantly lower in the ≥40-year group than in the <20-year group ( P < .01). In contrast, no significant differences were noted in other clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Patients aged ≥40 years exhibited lower IKDC scores compared with younger patients, although the results of graft maturation were comparable.
“They’re Not Willing To Accommodate Deaf patients”: Communication Experiences of Deaf American Sign Language Users in the Emergency Department
Authors: James Tyler G. , Coady Kyle A. , Stacciarini Jeanne-Marie R. , McKee Michael M. , Phillips David G. , Maruca David , Cheong JeeWon 
Published: November 2021

Deaf people who use American Sign Language (ASL) are more likely to use the emergency department (ED) than their hearing English-speaking counterparts and are also at higher risk of receiving inaccessible communication. The purpose of this study is to explore the ED communication experience of Deaf patients. A descriptive qualitative study was performed by interviewing 11 Deaf people who had used the ED in the past 2 years. Applying a descriptive thematic analysis, we developed five themes: (1) requesting communication access can be stressful, frustrating, and time-consuming; (2) perspectives and experiences with Video Remote Interpreting (VRI); (3) expectations, benefits, and drawbacks of using on-site ASL interpreters; (4) written and oral communication provides insufficient information to Deaf patients; and (5) ED staff and providers lack cultural sensitivity and awareness towards Deaf patients. Findings are discussed with respect to medical and interpreting ethics to improve ED communication for Deaf patients.