bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint tomographic inversion of crustal structure beneath the eastern Tibetan Plateau with ambient noise and gravity data
Authors: Du Nanqiao , Li Zhiwei , Hao Tianyao , Xia Xin , Shi Yutao , Xu Ya 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARY
We have developed a joint tomographic inversion method with seismic surface wave dispersion and gravity data for obtaining more reliable crustal 3-D shear wave structures. We take the eikonal-based direct surface wave tomographic method and adaptive gravity modelling method in spherical coordinates in the inverse problem. Based on the empirical relations between seismic velocity and density parameters, our method combines surface wave dispersion curves (i.e. surface wave traveltimes at different periods) and Bouguer gravity anomaly data together to invert for 3-D shear wave velocity structures. In our method, off-great-circle propagation of the surface wave and the earth's curvature is considered in the forward modelling. Synthetic tests suggest that the joint tomographic method could improve the reliability and obtain more convincing results than individual seismic surface wave tomography. The gravity data can provide more constraints into the model resolution and help restore the crustal anomalies better. The inversion results in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and Sichuan basin indicate complex distributions of low-velocity zone in the mid-crust of the eastern Tibetan Plateau and a craton-like basement of the Sichuan basin, which supports the crust channel flow model. Although both the 3-D shear wave velocity model from joint inversion and the individual seismic surface wave inversion can fit the surface wave data almost equally well, the joint inversion model can better match the gravity data We also found that the 3-D model from joint inversion in this study shows similar structural characteristics with the surface wave tomographic model, which indicates the icing on the cake effects of gravity data.
Social networking sites: a new source of child feeding information for parents in Thailand
Authors: Supthanasup Abhirat , Yiengprugsawan Vasoontara Sbirakos , Kelly Matthew , Banwell Cathy 
Published: July 2021

SummarySocial networking sites (SNSs) provide opportunities for health and nutrition communication. Data are lacking on whether these SNSs influence Thai parent’s food provisioning to young children. In the current study, we examined the prevalence and characteristics of Thai parents who reported participating in child food and nutrition-SNSs and investigated the association between participation in these sites and parents’ perceptions and feeding practices. A sample of 379 Thai parents completed a survey about the use of child food and nutrition-SNSs, and feeding practices and child eating behavior. Around 70% of participants, especially female millennials with their first child, have participated in SNSs that provide information about children’s diets. High engagement was more common among younger and less educated participants, as well as rural dwellers and those with abnormal body mass index. Among these SNSs’ participants, those with higher engagement had higher levels of trust in the nutritional information shared on SNSs. Further analyses showed that parents who have joined these sites had positive associations with not only providing children with more fresh fruits and vegetable but also more processed meats. Further investigations are needed to explore the information these SNSs provided and what influences they have on parents’ perceptions around feeding children.
Re-Thinking a Matrilineal Myth of Healing: Tuareg Medicine Women, Islam, and the Market in Niger
Authors: Rasmussen Susan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article explores the changing metaphoric logic and contextual uses of a mythical-historical popular religious account of matrilineal origins of herbal medicine women among Tuareg in northern Niger. Medicine women both reproduce and modify this origin myth’s motif in their Tamajaq-speaking, Muslim, traditionally ranked, and semi-nomadic communities, where many have faced religious, socioeconomic, and political upheavals challenging local women’s material wealth and symbolic/cultural capital of authoritative medico-ritual healing. How is medicine women’s healing legacy evoked and re-interpreted in encounters with Qur’anic healing and western biomedicine, as impacted by recent religious debates, neoliberal structural adjustments, droughts, sedentarization, and political violence? The Tuareg data offer fresh perspectives on how religion and economy co-produce each other in some contexts, but contradict each other in others. More broadly, this article critically disrupts categories of sacred and secular, tradition and modernity, and brings mythico-histories into discussions of intertwining religious and economic idioms, practices, and infrastructures.
An Unusual Presentation to the Burns Unit—A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Faderani Ryan , Ali Stephen R , Yarrow Jeremy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The authors report a case of a 34-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis who was referred to the regional burns service with a suspected contact burn to the left flank and hypogastrium from a hot water bottle. The patient had been applying a hot water bottle to the area at night for pain relief and after 3 days she noticed a localized area of erythema which became larger and began to blister over a period of 5 days. The blistered areas were erythematous and wet; however, the capillary refill time was sluggish. The lesion was initially diagnosed and treated as a superficial partial thickness burn that had developed secondary to prolonged contact with a hot water bottle. However, due to the history of immunosuppression as well as elements of the lesion being unusual for a burn, we consequently diagnosed this as herpes zoster infection. This case highlights the importance of always thinking of alternative diagnoses. There are several cases in the literature where shingles has been dangerously misdiagnosed, furthermore leading to patients being mistakenly treated and even operated on. In the early stages, abdominal shingles may present very similarly to superficial partial thickness burns, both with neuropathic pain, erythema, and blistering. It is important for the burns surgeon to be aware of this diagnosis as a differential in atypical presentations, and to pay particular attention to the timeline of events is the key to diagnosis.
Design of wood-like metallic material using metal sheet architecture
Authors: Han Seong-Sik , Eom Hyeonjin , Lee Minsu , Yim Tai Hong , Kim Heung-Kyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study proposed a new metal-based material design with a modulus of elasticity and thermal conductivity comparable to that of wood by architecturing of metal sheets. The proposed new material is designed in a form in which metal sheets of the same shape with beads are repeatedly stacked. In order to find a design with the target modulus of elasticity and thermal conductivity values, designs were derived using the Design of Experiment (DOE) and the material properties were predicted accordingly. For the prediction of material properties designed in the shape of a metal sheet architecture, finite element analysis combined with the homogenization method was used in consideration of the repeatability of the material microstructure. The reliability of the prediction of material properties based on the finite element analysis using a unit cell was verified by comparison with the results obtained from the compression test and the temperature wave method for the specimen. By analysing the modulus of elasticity and thermal conductivity data corresponding to the designs derived by DOE, we evaluated the effect of the design variables of the metal sheet architecture on the material properties. In addition, we investigated whether the material properties comparable to wood or leather were included within the derived design domain, and presented detailed design data of a metal sheet architecture that provides targeted material properties. It can be inferred from this study that the use of architecturing of metal sheets enables the development of new metal-based materials that can simulate the properties of other materials while utilizing the advantages of fire resistance and recyclability inherent in metals.
Breast cancer subtypes affect the ultrasound performance for axillary lymph node status evaluation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Fei Jie , Wang Guan Qun , Meng Yuan Yuan , Zhong Xin , Ma Jin Zhu , Sun Ning Ning , Chen Jing Jing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of breast cancer subtypes on the diagnostic value of axillary ultrasound for node status evaluation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Patients and methods
Pathologic node-positive breast cancer patients underwent axillary ultrasound imaging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. The enrolled patients were classified into four subtypes: Luminal A, Luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-enriched and triple-negative. Ultrasound images of axillary nodes were reviewed and were evaluated as normal or abnormal and were associated with final pathologic results. Diagnostic value of axillary ultrasound was assessed in four subtypes based on sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The diagnostic value of axillary ultrasound as well as clinical and pathological characteristics was compared between four breast cancer subtypes using chi-square test or fisher’s exact test.

Result
Luminal A subtype had highest positive predictive value (92.1%), lowest sensitivity (43.8%) and lowest negative predictive value (11.8%). Triple-negative subtype had lowest positive predictive value (73.2%), highest sensitivity (76.9%) and highest negative predictive value (59.1%) (P &lt; 0.05). Luminal B and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-enriched subtypes had medium sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.

Conclusion
The diagnostic value of axillary ultrasound for node residue disease assessment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is different between four breast cancer subtypes.
Interspecific interactions affect N and P uptake rather than N:P ratios of plant species: evidence from intercropping
Authors: Zhang Wei-Ping , Fornara Dario , Liu Guang-Cai , Peñuelas Josep , Sardans Jordi , Sun Jian-Hao , Zhang Li-Zhen , Li Long 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuantifying stoichiometry of crop N and P acquisition (i.e. removal from farmland) under different agronomic practices is essential for understanding nutrient budgets and optimizing N and P fertilizer application in agroecosystems. It is not clear how plant N and P uptake and N:P stoichiometry vary between monoculture and intercropping throughout an entire growing season under different N fertilization and mulching practices. Here, we addressed how plant interspecific competition for nutrients have affected the temporal dynamics of crop N and P uptake (and N:P ratios) in five cropping systems (wheat, maize and barley monocultures, and wheat/maize and barley/maize intercropping), under two N levels (0 and 225 kg N ha−1) and two maize mulching treatments (with and without). Wheat and barley had greater N and P competitive ability than maize, leading to an increase in N and P uptake of wheat and barley and a decrease in N and P uptake of maize during co-growth stages in intercropping. N:P ratios of three crop species decreased with plant growth. Crop-level N:P ratios were either not affected by intercropping or did not change consistently with N fertilization while film mulching decreased maize N:P ratios. Community-level N:P ratios of the two intercrops were different from those of the corresponding monoculture at maturity. Because (i) the proportion of N and P removal from intercropping differs from monocultures, and (ii) N and P uptake by crops is decoupled under N fertilization and mulching, these findings may have practical implications for the nutrient budget of intercropping systems.
Semi-solid extrusion 3D printing of starch-based soft dosage forms for the treatment of paediatric latent tuberculosis infection
Authors: Chatzitaki Aikaterini-Theodora , Mystiridou Emmanouela , Bouropoulos Nikolaos , Ritzoulis Christos , Karavasili Christina , Fatouros Dimitrios G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The development of age-appropriate dosage forms is essential for effective pharmacotherapy, especially when long-term drug treatment is required, as in the case of latent tuberculosis infection treatment with up to 9 months of daily isoniazid (ISO). Herein, we describe the fabrication of starch-based soft dosage forms of ISO using semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing.

Methods
Corn starch was used for ink preparation using ISO as model drug. The inks were characterized physicochemically and their viscoelastic properties were assessed with rheological analysis. The morphology of the printed dosage forms was visualized with scanning electron microscopy and their textural properties were evaluated using texture analysis. Dose accuracy was verified before in-vitro swelling and dissolution studies in simulated gastric fluid (SGF).

Key findings
Starch inks were printed with good resolution and high drug dose accuracy. The printed dosage forms had a soft texture to ease administration in paediatric patients and a highly porous microstructure facilitating water penetration and ISO diffusion in SGF, resulting in almost total drug release within 45 min.

Conclusions
The ease of preparation and fabrication combined with the cost-effectiveness of the starting materials constitutes SSE 3D printing of starch-based soft dosage forms a viable approach for paediatric-friendly formulations in low-resource settings.
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma within an anal fistula: a case report with an intriguing possible aetiology
Authors: Kent James , Joske David , Parry Jeremy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Described is a case of diffuse large B cell lymphoma that presented within a typical fistula tract, possibly secondary to oxidative stress within the fistula tract itself and consequent malignant change rather than a fistula as a consequence of necrosis in a lymphoma. If so it would be unique in the world literature. A 42-year-old fitness instructor presented with a typical appearing left lateral anal fistula. Biopsy of the fistulous tract revealed B cell lymphoma, graded 1E. Although chemotherapy cured the lymphoma, surgical treatment by ligation of the inter-sphincteric fistula tract was required to heal the fistula. At 3-year follow-up, there has been no recurrence of the lymphoma or the fistula. Neoplasia arising secondary to oxidative stress within an anal fistula is a well-established phenomenon. Early diagnosis of rare conditions associated with anal fistula can only be accomplished by routine biopsy of every fistula tract.
Hubble diagram at higher redshifts: model independent calibration of quasars
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Keeley Ryan E , Shafieloo Arman , Zheng Xiaogang , Cao Shuo , Biesiada Marek , Zhu Zong-Hong 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present a model-independent approach to calibrate the largest quasar sample. Calibrating quasar samples is essentially constraining the parameters of the linear relation between the log  of the ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray luminosities. This calibration allows quasars to be used as standardized candles. There is a strong correlation between the parameters characterizing the quasar luminosity relation and the cosmological distances inferred from using quasars as standardized candles. We break this degeneracy by using Gaussian process regression to model-independently reconstruct the expansion history of the Universe from the latest type Ia supernova observations. Using the calibrated quasar data set, we further reconstruct the expansion history up to redshift of z ∼ 7.5. Finally, we test the consistency between the calibrated quasar sample and the standard Lambda cold dark matter ($\rm {\Lambda }CDM$) model based on the posterior probability distribution of the GP hyperparameters. Our results show that the quasar sample is in good agreement with the standard $\rm {\Lambda }CDM$ model in the redshift range of the supernova, despite the 2−3σ significant deviations taking place at higher redshifts. Fitting the standard $\rm {\Lambda }CDM$ model to the calibrated quasar sample, we obtain a high value of the matter density parameter $\Omega _m = 0.382^{+0.045}_{-0.042}$, which is marginally consistent with the constraints from other cosmological observations.
Handcuffing intrinsically disordered regions in Mlh1–Pms1 disrupts mismatch repair
Authors: Furman Christopher M , Wang Ting-Yi , Zhao Qiuye , Yugandhar Kumar , Yu Haiyuan , Alani Eric 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) factor Mlh1–Pms1 contains long intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) whose exact functions remain elusive. We performed cross-linking mass spectrometry to identify interactions within Mlh1–Pms1 and used this information to insert FRB and FKBP dimerization domains into their IDRs. Baker's yeast strains bearing these constructs were grown with rapamycin to induce dimerization. A strain containing FRB and FKBP domains in the Mlh1 IDR displayed a complete defect in MMR when grown with rapamycin. but removing rapamycin restored MMR functions. Strains in which FRB was inserted into the IDR of one MLH subunit and FKBP into the other subunit were also MMR defective. The MLH complex containing FRB and FKBP domains in the Mlh1 IDR displayed a rapamycin-dependent defect in Mlh1–Pms1 endonuclease activity. In contrast, linking the Mlh1 and Pms1 IDRs through FRB-FKBP dimerization inappropriately activated Mlh1–Pms1 endonuclease activity. We conclude that dynamic and coordinated rearrangements of the MLH IDRs both positively and negatively regulate how the MLH complex acts in MMR. The application of the FRB-FKBP dimerization system to interrogate in vivo functions of a critical repair complex will be useful for probing IDRs in diverse enzymes and to probe transient loss of MMR on demand.
Discordant Virus-Specific Antibody Levels, Antibody Neutralization Capacity, and T-cell Responses Following 3 Doses of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in a Patient With Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: Peluso Michael J , Munter Sadie E , Lynch Kara L , Yun Cassandra , Torres Leonel , Iyer Nikita S , Donatelli Joanna , Ryan Lindsay , Deitchman Amelia N , Deeks Steven G , Rutishauser Rachel L , Henrich Timothy J 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report a patient with connective tissue disease who developed modest severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptor binding domain–specific antibody levels and a lack of neutralization capacity, despite having received 3 mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines and holding anti-B-cell therapy for &gt;7 months before vaccination. The patient developed virus-specific T-cell responses.
Serological and RT-PCR Surveillance for COVID-19 in an Asymptomatic US Army Trainee Population
Authors: Hakre Shilpa , Sanborn Aaron D , Krauss Stephen W , Burns Jennifer L , Jackson Kenya N , McCauley Melanie D , Shepherd Brittany L Ober , McHenry Samantha , Stahlman Shauna L , Bianchi Elizabeth J , Freeman Joanna , Ouellette Jason , Stubbs Jeremiah , Brigantti Crystal , Hall Tara L , Beagle Milford H , Kwon Paul O , Pieri Jason A , Frambes Timothy R , Murray Clinton K , Cersovsky Steven B , Modjarrad Kayvon , Peel Sheila A , Scott Paul T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Significant variability exists in the application of infection control policy throughout the US Army initial entry training environment. To generate actionable information for the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission among new recruits, active enhanced surveillance was conducted for evidence of and exposure to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.

Methods
We serially tested recruits with a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19 and/or total antibody to SARS-CoV-2 tests at days 0, 14, and week 10 upon arrival for basic combat training at a location in the Southern United States.

Results
Among 1403 recruits who were enrolled over a 6-week period from August 25 through October 11, 2020, 84 recruits tested positive by RT-PCR, with more than half (55%, 46/84) testing positive at arrival and almost two-thirds (63%, 53/84) also testing seropositive at arrival. Similarly, among an overall 146 recruits who tested seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 during the period of observation, a majority (86%) tested seropositive at arrival; no hospitalizations were observed among seropositive recruits, and antibody response increased at week 10.

Conclusions
These findings that suggest serological testing may complement current test-based measures and provide another tool to incorporate in COVID-19 mitigation measures among trainees in the US Army.
Cold-Injection Molded Gentamicin-Impregnated Polymethyl Methacrylate Implants for Cranioplasty
Authors: Fahem Mena Mekhael , Ali Nabeel Hameed , Duddu Joseph Ravindra , Luther Harleen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Cranioplasty can be carried out using either fresh, frozen autologous bone or synthetic substitutes. Ordering artificial 3 dimensional (3D) implants is challenging and time consuming depending on geographical location. In this article, we share our experience using a streamlined process of producing 3D computer-assisted design (CAD) implants using commercially available 3D printers and silicone molds that can be easily replicated with consistent results and are associated with good outcomes.

OBJECTIVE
To develop patient-specific implants for patients with cranial defects that are accurate, consistent, low cost, and easy to replicate while reducing operator-dependent factors.

METHODS
We present data from 15 patients who underwent cranioplasty with 3D CAD-designed gentamicin-impregnated bone cement implants that were molded using the cold injection technique.

RESULTS
The technique was consistent in result production, required little postdemolding manipulation, and showed no dimensional variation in design. Postoperative computed tomography scans showed excellent implant fit, and patients had a low complication rate.

CONCLUSION
We have demonstrated a technique of mold preparation that is efficient and that produces a reliable result. Polymethyl methacrylate implants molded using this technique showed better reproducibility, higher accuracy, and precision than other types of implants and required minimal postdemolding clean-up.