bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and underlying factors of depressive disorders among PhD students: a mixed-method study in the Indian context
Authors: LT Leethu , Hense Sibasis , Kodali Prakash Babu , Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis study estimated the prevalence of depressive disorders among PhD students and analyzed the underlying factors in the Indian context.Design/methodology/approachThe authors utilized an “Integrative framework” and a mixed-method approach involving survey and in-depth interviews. The survey was conducted among 240 PhD students using multistage cluster sampling in two public universities of Kerala, India. Data were collected using a self-administered Patient Health Questionnaire-9. In-depth interviews were conducted among 12 students using semi-structured interview guide. Multinomial regression and thematic analyses were undertaken to examine the factors associated with depressive disorders.FindingsAbout 31.7, 41.7, 17.9, 6.7 and 2.1% had no/minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depressive disorders, respectively. Students belonging to economically weaker section (OR = 3.06; 95% CI = 1.32–7.12), having limited knowledge of local language (OR = 4.24; 95% CI = 1.00–17.95) and earning less than INR 20,000/month (OR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.12–5.00) were more likely to report moderate to severe depressive disorders. In addition, thematic analyses of interviews found that financial hardship, disagreement between student-supervisor, compromised students' support services and an uncertain job market were the key factors affecting the mental health of students and inhibiting academic performance.Originality/valueThis study adds to the existing literature by examining the prevalence and underlying factors of depressive disorders among doctoral students in the Indian context. The results of this study can act as a guide for universities and educational regulatory bodies to address the burgeoning issue of depressive disorders among research students in India.
State‐ownership and corporate cash holding: Evidence from China
Authors: Yang Jizhe , Jiang Tingfeng , Dai Lu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith a background of the recent reform of Chinese state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), how the state ownership affects the behaviour of corporations is an important research topic. Using a dataset of 2,908 listed nonfinancial firms in China from 2007 to 2017, we innovatively employ the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method to investigate the endowment and state‐ownership effects on corporate cash holdings. We find that the cash reserve level in SOEs is statistically significantly lower than that in non‐SOEs, whereas 78.98% of the difference can be explained by endowment differences, and only the remaining 21.02% is a distortion of state ownership. Moreover, the dynamic decomposition shows the state‐ownership effect on SOEs' cash holdings changes from positive to negative, meaning that credit discrimination has become more serious than soft budget constraints in recent years.
Informal groups, disruptive innovations, and industry change in low‐tech peripheries
Authors: Martinus Kirsten 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPeople often engage in informal activities or personal endeavours that lead to both deliberate and serendipitous disruptive innovation and industry change. Some such innovation and change is found in geographic or other peripheries without corporate research and development budgets or successful track records in inventive activities. Yet little research exists to explain how those peripheral and informal groups and their pursuits contribute to industry development and transformation. This article addresses that gap. Drawing on thematic analyses of 30 interviews with hobbyist and commercial beekeepers in Western Australia, the article examines the beekeeping industry and considers how hobbyists function as industry external knowledge sources and user innovators. Findings suggest that hobbyist–firm interactions are platforms for value creation and appropriation for both groups and their respective local communities, in addition to being based on both competition and collaboration in parallel markets of exchange. In particular, hobbyist innovators are important for low‐tech industry advancement and provide crucial scientific, practical, and local geographic knowledge that changes industry approaches and activities. These findings are likely to be significant to other low‐tech industries with informal local groups acting as sources of knowledge and information for disruptive innovations or industry transformation.
Catholic Social Thought and Design Thinking: Putting the Option for the Poor into Practice
Authors: Puen Stephanie Ann Y. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCatholic social thought offers a vision and principles for a community wherein all creation flourishes. An important principle in Catholic social thought is the option for the poor, which describes the commitment of the Catholic Church to the well‐being of the marginalized and vulnerable. However, the body of Catholic social thought does not necessarily focus on models or concrete practices to actualize said principles, as these will be dependent on the particular context of the people living out the principles of Catholic social thought. Catholic social ethicists require resources and tools to help put these principles into practice, especially in the face of complex social issues such as poverty or economic inequality. One such possible tool is design thinking, a problem‐solving methodology used by organizations in the face of wicked problems. Design thinking offers concrete tools that can help communities solve challenging problems and has been used in the social sector as well as in business. Thus, this article argues that design thinking offers a concrete methodology that encourages creativity and systems thinking in crafting solutions to unprecedented and complex problems in order to help people exercise the option for the poor more readily. Design thinking can help provide language and strategies that can illuminate and operationalize the option for the poor in ways that are understandable and helpful for all, even those who may not necessarily subscribe to Catholicism.
“The Poor Feel it the Most”: The Antilles Bishops, the Poor, and Climate Change
Authors: Perkins Anna Kasafi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis discussion examines the critical nexus that the Antilles Episcopal Conference (AEC) identifies between the poor and climate change. Attention is paid to the AEC’s 2015 Declaration on Climate Change, particularly its concern with the unjust impact of climate change on the poor, poor communities, and poor countries, among which are to be found the small‐island developing nations and people of the Caribbean. Indeed, the bishops are clear that, although the negative impact of climate change is felt by various population groups, including the well‐off, “the poor feel it most.” In line with Catholic social teaching, the Antilles bishops call out poverty as the result of injustice and a lack of attention to the common good. Some of the key insights of Laudato Sí treat similar concerns expressed in the repeated refrain “cry of the poor and the cry of the earth.” These concerns are discussed in an attempt to deepen and challenge the AEC’s thoughts while rooting its ideas squarely in the Catholic social teaching tradition. Francis’s method, like that of the Antilles bishops, is marked by dialogue that takes on real problems, especially those of the poor. Francis echoes and reinforces the AEC’s concern with the outsize effect of climate change and environmental destruction on the poor, which is even more urgent in the face of the COVID pandemic, which has disproportionately affected the poor in nations marked by great inequality.
Religious Protection from Populist Violence: The Catholic Church and the Philippine Drug War
Authors: Brooke Steven , Buckley David , David Clarissa , Mendoza Ronald 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPopulists often demonize outgroups while undermining institutions that protect citizens against the abuse of state power. Under these conditions, how can vulnerable communities protect themselves? We argue that actors coupling a normative commitment to human rights with the local organizational capacity to intervene can systematically reduce victimization. Focusing on the Philippine Catholic Church in the country's ongoing “drug war,” we identify five potential mechanisms producing protection. Directly, these actors can raise attention, offer sanctuary, or disrupt enforcement, while indirectly they can shrink vulnerable populations and build local solidarity. We evaluate this argument with a mixed‐method research design. A new dataset of over 2,000 drug war killings throughout Metro Manila shows that neighborhoods with a Catholic parish experience approximately 30% fewer killings than those without. Original interviews with clergy and laity in these parishes support both direct and indirect mechanisms, with strongest evidence for attention raising and building community solidarity.
Surgical treatments for obstructive sleep apnea decrease the risk of erectile dysfunction: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Hwang Juen‐Haur , Ong Hueih‐Ling , Chen Yi‐Chun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt has been reported that the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED) is significantly higher in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), compared with patients without OSA. However, there is limited evidence on whether surgical treatments in patients with OSA could decrease ED risk.ObjectivesTo assess the impact of surgical treatments for OSA on the risk of ED by analysis of claims data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 1997 and 2012.Material and methodsWe identified 20,675 male adults with newly diagnosed OSA during the study period; 16,040 patients ever received surgical treatments (treated cohort) and 4635 patients never received surgical treatments (untreated cohort). According to 3:1 propensity score matching, we analyzed 8337 patients in the treated cohort and 2779 controls in the untreated cohort. We estimated the incidence rates (IRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) of incident ED in both cohorts through the end of 2012.ResultsIn a total study follow‐up of 64,916 person‐years, 396 (3.6%) patients developed impotence. The IRs of ED for the treated and untreated cohorts, respectively, were 55.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 55.6–55.9) and 76.1 (95% CI, 76.0–76.3) per 1000 person‐years. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that surgical treatments for OSA patients were associated with a lower risk for ED (adjusted HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64–0.98). Multivariate stratified analysis further verified that significant risk reduction of ED was present in OSA patients without hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and chronic liver disease.ConclusionsWe found that OSA patients who received surgical treatments were associated with a lower risk for developing ED by 21%.
Effect of UNOS policy change and exception status request on outcomes in patients bridged to heart transplant with an intra‐aortic balloon pump
Authors: Wolfson Aaron M. , DePasquale Eugene C. , Starnes Vaughn A. , Cunningham Mark , Baker Craig , Lee Raymond , Bowdish Michael , Fong Michael W. , Rahman Joseph , Pandya Kruti , Lewinger Juan Pablo , Kawaguchi Eric S. , Vaidya Ajay S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntra‐aortic balloon pumps (IABP) are used to bridge select end‐stage heart disease patients to heart transplant (HT). IABP use and exception requests both increased dramatically after the UNOS policy change (PC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of PC and exception status requests on waitlist and post‐transplant outcomes in patients bridged to HT with IABP support.MethodsWe analyzed adult, first‐time, single‐organ HT recipients from the UNOS Registry either on IABP at the time of registration for HT or at the time of HT. We compared waitlist and post‐HT outcomes between patients from the PRE (October 18, 2016 to May 30, 2018) and POST (October 18, 2018 to May 30, 2020) eras using Kaplan‐Meier curves and time‐to‐event analyses.ResultsA total of 1267 patients underwent HT from IABP (261 pre‐policy/1006 post‐policy). On multivariate analysis, PC was associated with an increase in HT (sub‐distribution hazard ratio (sdHR): 2.15,p < .001) and decrease in death/deterioration (sdHR: 0.55,p = .011) on the waitlist with no effect on 1‐year post‐HT survival (p = .8). The exception status of patients undergoing HT was predominantly seen in the POST era (29%, 293/1006); only four patients in the PRE era. Exception requests in the POST era did not alter patient outcomes.ConclusionsIn patients bridged to heart transplant with an IABP, policy change is associated with decreased rates of death/deterioration and increased rates of heart transplantation on the waitlist without affecting 1‐year post‐transplant survival. While exception status use has markedly increased post‐PC, it is not associated with patient outcomes.
B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: recent discoveries in molecular pathology, their prognostic significance, and a review of the current classification
Authors: Yeung David T. O. , Osborn Michael P. , White Deborah L. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryAcute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) remains a leading cause of non‐traumatic death in children, and the majority of adults diagnosed will succumb to the disease. Recent advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics have enabled more detailed genomic analysis and a better understanding of the molecular biology of ALL. A number of recurrent genomic drivers have recently been described, which not only aid in diagnosis and prognostication, but also may offer opportunities for specific therapeutic targeting. The present review summarises B‐ALL genomic pathology at diagnosis, including lesions detectable using traditional cytogenetic methods as well as those detected only through advanced molecular techniques.
Measuring online health‐seeking behaviour: Construction and initial validation of a new scale
Authors: Popovac Maša , Roomaney Rizwana 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesOnline health‐seeking behaviour (OHSB) such as information‐ and support‐seeking encompasses a range of motivations and outcomes, but few studies consider the nuances of OHSB. The current study aimed to (1) develop and provide an initial validation of an OHSB measure, and (2) explore the role of demographic variables in OHSB among adult Internet users.DesignThe study was a quantitative, cross‐sectional online survey.MethodsThe study consistent of two data collection waves, including 451 general Internet users (aged 18–73) and 204 online health groups users (aged 19–78) who completed online questionnaires.ResultExploratory Factor Analysis and Item Analysis in the two samples resulted in a final 37‐item measure. The scale comprises three distinct factors: Support seeking (α = .97); information seeking (α = .89); and the Internet as a supplement or alternative to offline medical care (α = .88). Multiple regression analyses indicated that younger age, a higher number of people living in the household, and presence of a chronic condition significantly predicted all three aspects of OHSB. Poorer perceived health also predicted support‐seeking online, while being male, employed and a general Internet user (vs. online health group member) also predicted using the Internet as a supplement or alternative to offline medical care.ConclusionThe study presents a useful scale for future research to explore more complex psychosocial, contextual and health‐related variables as potential contributors to health‐seeking in the online domain.
Canadian government policy innovation labs: An experimental turn in policy work?
Authors: Evans Bryan , Cheng Siu Mee 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGovernments across the globe are searching for new methods to apply to policy work. New Public Governance (NPG) suggests the state's policy process has become more accessible to a broader range of policy actors including non‐state ones. Policy innovation labs speak to this turn to broadening inputs and to methodological experimentation. The focus of this article is to provide an overview of Canadian government policy innovation labs (GPILs) operating in this relatively new space. Despite the ascent of GPILs, they remain, especially in the Canadian context, much understudied. Exploring a select number of Canadian government policy labs operating at the federal, provincial and municipal levels, we provide some insights into their work.
Dialogue with a conversational agent promotes children’s story comprehension via enhancing engagement
Authors: Xu Ying , Aubele Joseph , Vigil Valery , Bustamante Andres S. , Kim Young‐Suk , Warschauer Mark 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDialogic reading, when children are read a storybook and engaged in relevant conversation, is a powerful strategy for fostering language development. With the development of artificial intelligence, conversational agents can engage children in elements of dialogic reading. This study examined whether a conversational agent can improve children's story comprehension and engagement, as compared to an adult reading partner. Using a 2 (dialogic reading or non‐dialogic reading) × 2 (agent or human) factorial design, a total of 117 three‐ to six‐year‐olds (50% Female, 37% White, 31% Asian, 21% multi‐ethnic) were randomly assigned into one of the four conditions. Results revealed that a conversational agent can replicate the benefits of dialogic reading with a human partner by enhancing children's narrative‐relevant vocalizations, reducing irrelevant vocalizations, and improving story comprehension.
Clinical use of controlled oxygenated rewarming of kidney grafts prior to transplantation by ex vivo machine perfusion. A pilot study
Authors: Zlatev Hristo , von Horn Charlotte , Kaths Moritz , Paul Andreas , Minor Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSudden restoration of normothermic conditions upon reperfusion of cold‐stored grafts has been suggested to entail a massive energy demand not yet met by the cells that still suffer from hypothermic torpor. An adapted and gentle rise of graft temperature by ex‐vivo machine perfusion has, therefore, been proposed. This should now be tested in the clinical setting.MethodsIn a first clinical series, six ECD‐kidneys were subjected to controlled oxygenated rewarming (COR) during short term pre‐implantation machine perfusion. Matched kidneys that were conventionally kept on ice served as controls.ResultsEarly allograft function after transplantation was significantly improved by COR. On post‐operative day 7, clearance of creatinine was more than twofold higher after COR and fractional excretion of sodium in the normal range, while significantly elevated in control kidneys. Good correlations were seen between ulterior graft function and real‐time parameters obtained during pre‐transplant machine perfusion (Lactate: r2 = .9; TIMP2: r2 = .74). Conventional denominators of graft viability like kidney donor risk index KDRI were far less predictive (r2 = .26).ConclusionIt is concluded that COR can be safely applied to renal grafts and appears to be a valuable tool to predict and improve early renal function after transplantation.
High‐mobility group box 1 as a predictive biomarker for drug‐resistant epilepsy: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Walker Lauren Elizabeth , Sills Graeme John , Jorgensen Andrea , Alapirtti Tiina , Peltola Jukka , Brodie Martin J. , Marson Anthony Guy , Vezzani Annamaria , Pirmohamed Munir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCurrently no sensitive and specific biomarkers exist to predict drug‐resistant epilepsy. We determined whether blood levels of high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a mediator of neuroinflammation implicated in drug‐resistant epilepsies, identifies patients with drug‐resistant seizures. Patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy express significantly higher levels of blood HMGB1 than those with drug‐responsive, well‐controlled seizures and healthy controls. No correlation existed between blood HMGB1 levels and total pretreatment seizure count or days since last seizure at new epilepsy diagnosis, indicating that blood HMGB1 does not solely reflect ongoing seizures. HMGB1 distinguishes with high specificity and selectivity drug‐resistant versus drug‐responsive patients. This protein therefore has potential clinical utility to act as a biomarker for predicting response to therapy, which should be addressed in prospective clinical studies.
The impact of the university environment on the development of student research potential: Implementing inbreeding in an open innovation environment
Authors: Tyurikov Alexander Georgievich , Kunizheva Diana Anzorovna , Voevodina Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Gruzina Yulia Mikhailovna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the university environment on the development of the research potential of students, as well as build a model for identifying and retaining talented graduates in universities based on the concept of open innovation. In the study, sociological and statistical methods were used: a questionnaire survey of students and teachers of the Financial University, a correlation analysis of the results, as well as an analysis of the practices of working with gifted students in leading world universities. In the course of the study, it was found that students oriented towards further education showed a great subjective significance of research activity. In the conclusion, the authors present a model of ‘healthy’ academic inbreeding, developed in accordance with the concept of open innovation, which is designed to promote the ‘talented’ inbreeding, minimising the possible negative aspects of this phenomenon. The study results indicate the importance of the model since a significant part of students have a predisposition to inbreeding but some of the tools that motivate them to participate in research activities are insufficiently formed.
Calm down: A mediation model on the mitigating effect anxiety has on learner interactions and learning outcome
Authors: Bailey Daniel , Almusharraf Norah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLearners in videoconference‐mediated classrooms are expected to interact regardless of their varied demographic and behavioral characteristics, including susceptibility to foreign language (FL) anxiety. With a focus on apprehension, the present study aimed to better understand the influence students’ FL anxiety has on the relationship between learner interactions and academic self‐efficacy beliefs. To this end, questionnaire data was collected from 647 South Korean university students attending emergency remote online classes through Zoom's videoconference platform. Structural equation modeling was carried out to identify the mediating effect of FL classroom anxiety on the relationship between academic self‐efficacy beliefs and interactions. Findings revealed full mediation on the path coefficient from learner–learner interaction to learning expectations, while no mediation effect was observed between learner–instructor interactions and learning expectations. Increasing levels of learner–learner interactions were associated with increasing FL anxiety, partly explaining the positive path between learner–learner interactions and expected academic performance. Unlike learner–instructor interactions, learner–learner interactions increase communication anxiety, consequently decreasing expected learning outcomes.