bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the role of oxygen vacancy in the electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethyfurfural on Co3O4
Authors: Lu Yuxuan , Liu Tianyang , Yang Chunming , Dong Chung-Li , Huang Yucheng , Li Yafei , Zhou Bo , Zhou Ling , Wu Yujie , Kong Zhijie , Yang Ming , Wu Yandong , Zhao Weixing , Zou Yuqin , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) offers a promising green route to attain high-value chemicals from biomass. The HMF electrooxidation reaction (HMFOR) is a complicated process involving the combined adsorption and coupling of organic molecules and OH- on the electrode surface. An in-depth understanding of these cooperative adsorption behaviors and reaction processes is fundamentally essential. Herein, the adsorption behavior of HMF and OH-, and the role of oxygen vacancy on Co3O4 are initially unraveled. Correspondingly, instead of the competitive adsorption of OH- and HMF on the metal sites, it is observed that the OH- could fill into oxygen vacancy (Vo) before couple with organic molecules through the lattice oxygen oxidation reaction process, which could accelerate the rate-determining step of the dehydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA) and enhance the overall conversion of HMF on Vo-Co3O4. This work sheds a depth insight on the catalytic mechanism of oxygen vacancy, which benefits designing a novel strategy to modulate the multi-molecules combined adsorption behaviors.
Sishen Pill Regulates Memory T Cells in Mice with Colitis via JAK/STAT 5 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Mengxue , Zhong Youbao , Kang Zengping , Huang Jiaqi , Wei Siyi , Zhao Haimei , Liu Duanyong , Huang Xiaoying 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Memory T cell (Tm) has a pivotal role as host protection in autoimmune inflammatory diseases via a JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Sishen Pill (SSP) is a classic prescription used to treat chronic ulcerative colitis (UC). However, it is still unclear whether SSP can regulate immune memory function. In this study, we examined the effect of SSP and whether it can regulate immune memory function through a JAK/STAT5 signaling pathway.Methods: Mice were randomly divided into four groups (10 mice per group): Normal group (Normal), health mice without DSS administration; DSS group (DSS), mice with DSS administration; Sishen pill treated (DSS+SSP) group, colitis mice treated with SSP for 7 days; Mesalazine controlled (DSS+5-ASA) group, colitis mice treated with mesalazine for 7 days. The therapeutic effect of SSP was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic observation; Tm and their subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry; Activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway was analyzed using a Western blot.Results: SSP significantly reversed weight loss and colonic injury (colon weight increase and colonic length shortening) caused by 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Flow cytometry showed that the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ expressions on central memory T cells were enhanced after SSP treatment, while the CD4+ Tcm, CD4+ mTfh (memory T follicular helper) cells and their subpopulations were also significantly increased. Moreover, SSP inhibited the expression of STAT5 signaling pathway proteins JAK1, PIAS3, STAT5, p-STAT5, BIM, BAX, Caspase-3, and β-casein and promoted the expression of JAK3, PISA1, Bcl-2, and Caveolin-1. Conclusions: SSP can be used to effectively treat DSS-induced colitis by improving the status of immune memory via the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
Intermetallic Platinum Alloy Nanoparticles and Single Atoms Hybrid Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Shao Minhua , Xiao Fei , Wang Qi , Xu Gui-Liang , Qin Xueping , Hwang Inhui , Sun Chengjun , Wei Hua , Wu Hsi-wen , Zhu Shangqian , Li Jin-Cheng , Wang Jiangan , Zhu Yuanming , Wu Duojie , Wei Zidong , Gu Meng , Amine Khalil 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell converts hydrogen and oxygen into electricity with zero emission1. The high cost and low durability of Pt-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction hinder its wide applications2,3. The development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts also reaches the bottleneck because of the low activity and durability4,5. Here we rationally design a hybrid electrocatalyst consisting of atomically dispersed Pt and Fe single atoms and intermetallic PtFe alloy nanoparticles. The Pt mass activity of the hybrid catalyst is 3.5 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C in a fuel cell. More importantly, the fuel cell with an ultra-low Pt loading in the cathode (0.015 mgPt cm-2) shows unprecedented durability, with 93.6% activity retention after 100,000 cycles and no noticeable current drop at 0.6 V for at least 206 h. These results highlight the importance of the synergistic effects among active sites in hybrid electrocatalysts and provide an alternative way to design more active and durable low-Pt electrocatalysts for electrochemical devices.
Optimizing the Treatment Mode for de Novo Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Bone-Only Metastasis
Authors: Lin Cheng , Lin Sheng , Zhu li Li , Lin jun Shao , Pan ji Jian , Xu Yun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: No standard radiotherapy regimens was established in the treatment of de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (mNPC) with bone-only metastasis. The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of palliative chemotherapy (PCT) plus locoregional radiotherapy (LLRT) with or without local radiotherapy (RT) to bone metastatic lesions in mNPC, and identify the optimal candidates.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 141 de novo mNPC patients with bone-only metastasis who received at least two cycles of PCT with or without LLRT and RT to bone metastasis. The difference in survival was evaluated by the log-rank test. Univariable and multivariable analysis was made by Cox regression. Results: Patients who received PCT plus LLRT had significantly longer overall survival (OS) (45.0 months vs 13.5 months, HR = 0.30 , p = 0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (29.0 months vs 11.0 months, HR = 0.34, p = 0.014), especially in patients who had less than 3 metastatic bone lesions. Multivariate analysis confirmed that LRRT, more chemotherapy cycles (≥ 4) and limited number of bone metastasis (≤ 3) were favorable prognostic factors for OS. Subgroup analysis revealed that RT to metastatic bones had a tendency to prolong the survival time in the unselected population who received PCT plus LLRT (p > 0.05), while further data suggested that RT to metastatic bones dramatically improve OS (72.0 months vs 26.0 months, p = 0.002) and PFS (60.0 months vs 20.0 months, p = 0.006) for mNPC with less than 3 metastatic bone lesions.Conclusions: LLRT and RT to bone metastatic lesions followed by PCT in de novo mNPC with bone-only metastasis significantly prolonged survival in patients with less than 3 metastatic bone lesions.
A Preference Structure in Multi-attribute Decision Making – an Algorithmic Approach Based on Hesitant Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Mohanty Bhaba Krishna , Aggarwal Eshika 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces a new methodology for solving Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) problems under hesitant fuzzy environment. The uncertainty in Hesitant Fuzzy Elements (HFE) are derived by means of entropy. The resulting uncertainty is subsequently used in HFE to derive a single representative value (RV) of alternatives in each attribute. Our work transforms the RVs into their linguistic counterparts and then formulates a methodology for pairwise comparison of the alternatives via their linguistically defines RVs. The Eigen vector corresponding to maximum Eigen value of the pairwise comparison matrix prioritize the alternatives in each attribute. The priority vectors of the alternatives are aggregated to derive the weights of the attributes using Quadratic programming. The weighted aggregation of the attribute values provides the ranking of the alternatives in MADM. An algorithm is written to validate the procedure developed. The proposed methodology is compared with similar existing methods and the advantages of our method are presented. The robustness of our methodology is demonstrated through sensitivity analysis. To highlight the procedure a car purchasing problem is illustrated.
Olfm4 Is Highly Expressed In Liver Cancer Patients And As A Biomarker And Therapeutic Target For Liver Cancer
Authors: Song Qingzhu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Liver cancer is one of important cancer types causing a large number death in the world, and the incidence is still increasing. Conventional therapies against liver cancer are not satisfied and pathogenesis of liver cancer remains unclear. Thus, the more effective therapies are needed to treat liver cancers, and the discovery of key genes involving in pathogenesis of liver cancers is important for developing more effective therapies to treat liver cancer. In the present study, we found that OLFM4 blood level is higher in liver cancer patients than in healthy individuals, and mRNA expression level in liver cancer tissue than in liver paracancerous tissues. OLFM4 has high predictive capacity as a biomarker for liver cancer and closely correlated to tumor size. Importantly, it is confirmed that OLFM4 contributes to cancer cell proliferation, and HIF-1α involves in this activity. We believe that OLFM4/HIF-1α axis might be a target signaling pathway for developing novel drugs to treat liver cancer.
From Generalization of Bacon-Shor Codes to High Performance
Quantum LDPC Codes
Authors: Fan Jihao , Li Jun , Wang Ya , Li Yonghui , Hsieh Min-Hsiu , Du Jiangfeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We utilize a concatenation scheme to construct new families of quantum error correction codes
that include the Bacon-Shor codes. We show that our scheme can lead to asymptotically good
quantum codes while Bacon-Shor codes cannot. Further, the concatenation scheme allows us to
derive quantum LDPC codes of distance Ω(N2/3/loglogN) which can improve Hastings’s recent
result [arXiv:2102.10030] by a polylogarithmic factor. Moreover, assisted by the Evra-Kaufman-
Zémor distance balancing construction, our concatenation scheme can yield quantum LDPC codes
with non-vanishing code rates and better minimum distance upper bound than the hypergraph
product quantum LDPC codes. Finally, we derive a family of fast encodable and decodable quan-
tum concatenated codes with parameters Q = [[N,Ω(√N),Ω(√N)]] and they also belong to the
Bacon-Shor codes. We show that Q can be encoded very efficiently by circuits of size O(N) and
depth O(√N), and can correct any adversarial error of weight up to half the minimum distance
bound in O(√N) time. To the best of our knowledge, they are the most powerful quantum codes
for correcting so many adversarial errors in sublinear time by far.
Serine–Arginine Protein Kinase-like Protein, SrpkF, Stimulates Both Cellobiose-responsive and D-Xylose-Responsive Signaling Pathways in Aspergillus Aculeatus
Authors: Katayama Ryohei , Kobayashi Natsumi , Kawaguchi Takashi , Tani Shuji 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of various cellulolytic enzyme genes in Aspergillus aculeatus , we identified one mutant that reduced the expression of FIII-avicelase ( chbI ) in response to cellulose from 12,000 A . aculeatus T-DNA-inserted mutants. The T-DNA inserted into a putative protein kinase gene similar to AN10082 in A . nidulans , the serine–arginine protein kinase F, SrpkF. The fold increase in srpkF gene expression in response to various carbon sources was 2.3 (D-xylose), 44 (Avicel®), 59 (Bacto™ Tryptone), and 98 (no carbon) compared with D-glucose. The deletion of srpkF in A . aculeatus resulted in a significant reduction in the cellulose-responsive expression of chbI , hydrocellulase ( cel7b ), and FIb-xylanase ( xynIb ) genes at an early induction phase. However, the srpkF deletion did not affect the expression of xynIb in response to D-xylose. Furthermore, the srpkF -overexpressing strain that expresses the srpkF gene at levels from four- to nine-fold higher than the control strain stimulated the expression of cbhI and cel7b in response to cellobiose and the FI-carboxymethyl cellulase gene ( cmc1 ) and xynIb in response to xylose. The expression of cbhI and cel7b is regulated by a transcriptional activator, ManR, and the expression of cmc1 and xynIb is regulated by XlnR. Our data demonstrate that SrpkF can stimulate both the ManR- and XlnR-dependent signaling pathways in response to cellobiose and D-xylose in A . aculeatus .
Hydroxychloroquine Synergizes With The PI3K Inhibitor BKM120 to Exhibit Antitumor Efficacy Independent of Autophagy
Authors: Peng Xin , Zhang Shaolu , Jiao Wenhui , Zhong Zhenxing , Yang Yuqi , Claret Francois X. , Elkabets Moshe , Wang Feng , Wang Ran , Zhong Yuxu , Chen Zhe-Sheng , Kong Dexin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The critical role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation in tumor cell biology has prompted massive efforts to develop PI3K inhibitors (PI3Kis) for cancer therapy. However, recent results from clinical trials have shown only a modest therapeutic efficacy of single-agent PI3Kis in solid tumors. Targeting autophagy has controversial context-dependent effects in cancer treatment. As a FDA-approved lysosomotropic agent, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been well tested as an autophagy inhibitor in preclinical models. Here, we elucidated the novel mechanism of HCQ alone or in combination with PI3Ki BKM120 in the treatment of cancer.Methods: The antitumor effects of HCQ and BKM120 on three different types of tumor cells were assessed by in vitro PrestoBlue assay, colony formation assay and in vivo zebrafish and nude mouse xenograft models. The involved molecular mechanisms were investigated by MDC staining, LC3 puncta formation assay, immunofluorescent assay, flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis and ROS, qRT-PCR, Western blot, comet assay, homologous recombination (HR) assay and immunohistochemical staining. Results: HCQ significantly sensitized cancer cells to BKM120 in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the sensitization mediated by HCQ could not be phenocopied by treatment with other autophagy inhibitors (Spautin-1, 3-MA and bafilomycin A1) or knockdown of the essential autophagy genes Atg5/Atg7, suggesting that the sensitizing effect might be mediated independent of autophagy status. Mechanistically, HCQ induced ROS production and activated the transcription factor NRF2. In contrast, BKM120 prevented the elimination of ROS by inactivation of NRF2, leading to accumulation of DNA damage. In addition, HCQ activated ATM to enhance HR repair, a high-fidelity repair for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in cells, while BKM120 inhibited HR repair by blocking the phosphorylation of ATM and the expression of BRCA1/2 and Rad51. Conclusions: Our study revealed that HCQ and BKM120 synergistically increased DSBs in tumor cells and therefore augmented apoptosis, resulting in enhanced antitumor efficacy. Our findings provide a new insight into how HCQ exhibits antitumor efficacy and synergizes with PI3Ki BKM120, and warn that one should consider the “off target” effects of HCQ when used as autophagy inhibitor in the clinical treatment of cancer.
Stock-Outs of Essential Medicines Among Community Health Workers (CHWs) In Low- And Middle-Income Countries (LMICs): A Systematic Literature Review of The Extent, Reasons, And Consequences
Authors: Olaniran Abimbola , Briggs Jane , Pradhan Ami , Bogue Erin , Schreiber Benjamin , Dini Hannah Sarah , Hurkchand Hitesh , Ballard Madeleine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: This paper explores the extent of community-level stock-out of essential medicines among Community Health Workers (CHWs) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) and identifies the reasons for and consequences of essential medicine stock-outs. Methods: A systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. Five electronic databases were searched with a prespecified strategy and the grey literature examined, January 2006 - March 2021. Papers containing information on (i) the percentage of CHWs stocked out or (ii) reasons for stock-outs along the supply chain and consequences of stock-out were included and appraised for risk of bias. Outcomes were quantitative data on the extent of stock-out, summarized using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data regarding reasons for and consequences of stock-outs, analyzed using thematic content analysis and narrative synthesis. Results: Two reviewers screened 1083 records; 78 evaluations were included. Over the last fifteen years, CHWs experienced stock-outs of essential medicines nearly one third of the time and at a significantly (p < 0.01) higher rate than the health centers to which they are affiliated (28.93% [CI 95%: 28.79 - 29.07] vs 9.17 % [CI 95%: 8.64 - 9.70], respectively). A comparison of the period 2006-2015 and 2016-2021 showed a significant (p < 0.01) increase in CHW stock-out level from 26.36% [CI 95%: 26.22 -26.50] to 48.65% [CI 95%: 48.02- 49.28] while that of health centers increased from 7.79% [95% CI: 7.16 - 8.42] to 14.28% [95% CI: 11.22- 17.34]. Distribution barriers were the most cited reasons for stock-outs. Ultimately, patients were the most affected: stock-outs resulted in out-of-pocket expenses to buy unavailable medicines, poor adherence to medicine regimes, dissatisfaction, and low service utilization. Conclusion: Community-level stock-out of essential medicines constitutes a serious threat to achieving universal health coverage and equitable improvement of health outcomes. This paper suggests stock-outs are getting worse, and that there are particular barriers at the last mile. There is an urgent need to address the health and non-health system constraints that prevent the essential medicines procured for LMICs by international and national stakeholders from reaching the people who need them the most.
Functional Predictors of Treatment Induced Diabetic Neuropathy (TIND): a Prospective Pilot Study Using Clinical and Neurophysiological Functional Tests
Authors: Hoffmann Yvonne , Toyka Klaus V. , Blüher Matthias , Classen Joseph , Baum Petra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: A sudden drop of HbA1c has been linked to TIND. Method: From 60 recruited patients with severe diabetes only 21 patients adhered to the study protocol over one year with autonomic nervous system tests before and after antidiabetic treatment initiation. Results: With a pronounced drop of HbA1c some parameters tended to deteriorate with later improvement. Conclusion: Poor adherence appears as major obstacle in this type of study.Trial registration: Ethic Committee University of Leipzig 439/15-ek. Registered 22 April 2016
MRI feature tracking strain in pulmonary hypertension: utility of combined left atrial volumetric and deformation assessment in distinguishing post- from pre-capillary physiology
Authors: Leong Kai'En , Howard Luke , Guidice Francesco Lo , Pavey Holly , Davies Rachel , Haji Gulammehdi , Gibbs Simon , Gopalan Deepa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
AimsPulmonary hypertension (PH) is dichotomized into pre- and post-capillary physiology by invasive catheterization. Imaging, particularly strain assessment, may aid in classification and be helpful with ambiguous haemodynamics. We sought to define cardiac MRI (CMR) feature tracking biatrial peak reservoir and biventricular peak systolic strain in pre- and post-capillary PH and examine the performance of peak left atrial strain in distinguishing the 2 groups compared to TTE.Methods and resultsRetrospective cross-sectional study from 1 Jan 2015 to 31 Dec 2020; 48 patients (22 pre- and 26 post-capillary) were included with contemporaneous TTE, CMR and catheterization. Mean pulmonary artery pressures were higher in the pre-capillary cohort (55 + 14 mmHg vs 42 + 9 mmHg; p<0.001) as was pulmonary vascular resistance (median 11.7 WU vs 3.7 WU; p<0.001). Post-capillary patients had significantly larger left atria (60 + 22 ml/m2 vs 25 + 9 ml/m2; p<0.001). There was no difference in right atrial volumes between groups (60 + 21 ml/m2 vs 61 + 29 ml/m2; p=0.694), however peak RA strain was lower in post-capillary PH patients (8.9 + 5.5% vs 18.8 + 7.0%; p<0.001). In the post-capillary group, there was commensurately severe peak strain impairment in both atria (LA strain 9.0 + 5.8%, RA strain 8.9 + 5.5%). CMR LAVi and peak LA strain had a multivariate AUC of 0.98 (95% CI 0.89-1.00; p<0.001) for post-capillary PH diagnosis which was superior to TTE.ConclusionCMR volumetric and deformation assessment of the left atrium can highly accurately distinguish post- from pre-capillary PH.
Behavioral risky hesitant fuzzy linguistic multiple attribute decision making with priority degree method
Authors: Yu Wangwang , Liu Xin Wang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a behavioral risky hesitant fuzzy linguistic multiple attribute decision making with priority degree method. First, we define a new ranking method for hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets to compare the hesitant fuzzy linguistic evaluation information and the expectation. Second, we give a relative distance for the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set to get the distance between the hesitant fuzzy linguistic evaluation information and expectation. Third, we use the prospect theory, the new defined ranking method and the new defined distance formula to get interval individual prospect value. Forth, we apply the average operator to get interval comprehensive prospect value. Fifth, we define a priority degree method of interval number to rank interval comprehension prospect value. Based on the above steps, we give the solution of risky hesitant fuzzy linguistic multiple attribute decision making problem. Further, we use the example to illustrate the feasibility and rationality of this behavior method and the comparative analysis between the existing decision making method for the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term.
Neuroprotective Effects of Lycium Barbarum Berry on Neurobehavioral Changes and Neuronal Loss in the Hippocampus of Mice Exposed to Acute Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Guo Lei , Du Qian-Qian , Cheng Piao-Qin , Yang Ting-Ting , Xing Chao-Qun , Luo Xue-Zhi , Peng Xiao-Chun , Qian Feng , Huang Jiang-Rong , Tang Feng-Ru 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Brain exposure to ionizing radiation during the radiotherapy of brain tumor or metastasis of peripheral cancer cells to the brain has resulted in cognitive dysfunction by reducing neurogenesis in hippocampus. Methods: To demonstrate the radioprotective effect of lycium barbarum berry extract (Lyc), we evaluated the neurobehavioral alterations and the numbers of NeuN, calbindin (CB) and parvalbumin (PV) immunopositive hippocampal neurons in BALB/c mice after acute 5.5 Gy radiation with/without oral administration of Lyc at the dosage of 10 g/kg daily for 4 weeks. Results: The results showed that Lyc could improve irradiation-induced animal weight loss, depressive behaviors, spatial memory impairment and hippocampal neuron loss. Immunohistochemistry study demonstrated that the loss of NeuN-immunopositive neuron in the hilus of the dentate gyrus, CB-immunopositive neuron in CA1 strata radiatum, lacunosum moleculare and oriens, and PV-positive neuron in CA1 stratum pyramidum and stratum granulosum of the dentate gyrus after irradiation were significantly improved by Lyc treatment. Conclusions: The neuroprotective effect of Lyc on those hippocampal neurons may benefit the configuration of learning related neuronal networks and then improve radiation induced neurobehavioral changes such as cognitive impairment and depression. It suggests that lycium barbarum berry may be used as a potential radio-neuro-protective food supplement to prevent ionizing radiation induced neuron loss and neuropsychological disorders.