bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of straw in organic farming
Authors: Bogdanchikov I Yu , Byshov N V , Bachurin A N , Yesenin M A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article describes the results of a study on the use of crop residues (straw) as a fertilizer in the organic farming system. The studies were carried out in two farms of Ryazan region and consisted in disposing of crop residues as a fertilizer using a special machine. It is a device for utilizing the non-grain part of the crop as a fertilizer and using the standard technology with the addition of biological products with the help of a sprayer. The design of the developed machine allows selection and grinding of the plant material with its simultaneous treatment with a working solution of biopreparations or stubble destructors. Recycled plant residues were treated with various biopreparations: Agrinos-1 1.2-2 l/ha, Sternifag SP 80 g/ha, Ecorost 0.4 l/ha and Biocomplex BTU 1 l/ha. As a control, the straw was crushed and embedded in the upper soil layers without treatment with biopreparations. From the moment of disposal of crop residues and until the beginning of spring barley sowing in April 2019, the activity of cellulose-degrading bacteria in the soil was recorded (using the linen method). Content of the main micro and macro elements was established by a comprehensive chemical analysis. Before harvesting in August 2019, biological productivity was recorded (it was 15.2% higher on variants using biopreparations for stubble destruction) and the quality was assessed by the protein content in the grain.
Ecologization of crop industry by introducing a bean component into the field crop rotation of Western Siberia
Authors: Chibis V V , Chibis S P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper studies field crop agrophytocenoses and their productivity in multi-year field experiments. Accompanying measurements and observations of crop rotations in the southern forest steppe zone of Western Siberia were carried out using the method of state crop testing and methodological instructions of B.A. Dospekhov. The soybean grain quality was determined according to GOST 10846-91 Grain and its processing products. Method of protein definition; GOST ISO 5983-2-2016 Fodder, compound feeds, compound feed raw materials. The mass fraction of nitrogen was determined and the mass fraction of crude protein was calculated. Sibiryachka soybean variety was used in crops. The experience has shown that the maximum accumulation of humus is ensured by crop rotation alternation. The use of complete fallow in rotation increases the productivity of the whole crop rotation to 2.36 t/ha with feed unit content amounting to 3.87 t/ha. Crop-replacing rotation differ from each other in productivity, however, the inclusion of oilseed crop in the scheme allowed balancing the content of feed units. The rotation of crops and the place of soybean in crop rotation significantly affected its yield. Protein accumulation does not depend on rotation and a set of precursors.
Restoration of woodland belts and sustainable development of agroecosystems of steppe zone of the Orenburg oblast (Russia)
Authors: Fedorova D G , Safonov M A , Nazarova N M , Ukenov B S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Orenburg oblast is situated in the steppe zone. The climate is continental, characterized by a large amplitude of fluctuations in both summer and winter air temperatures, and insufficient precipitation. Due to such low climate potential, the development of agricultural production in the region needs constant improvement (increasing soil fertility, erosion control, planting sustainable crops). Therefore, optimization of agricultural production in order to restore the productive potential of land is one of the most actual problems in the region. Orenburg oblast due to its geographical location is characterized by dry winds, which not only dry up the soil, but also sharply reduce its fertility, effect on the water balance, and reduce yield. Therefore, the creation of forest protection treestands in this case is a priority method that contributes to the preservation of soil fertility in the region and, consequently, to the increased rate of agricultural production. In this article, we consider some species of plants belonging to the genera Sorbus L., Crataegus L., Aronia Pers., Syringa L., which have a number of positive ecological and biological characteristics, compared to plants that are widely used in forest protection plantations in the region today (Betula pendula Roth., Pinus sylvestris L., etc.). Using plants that have significant advantages in creating protective forests, it becomes possible to solve the problem of sustainable development of the land fund, and, consequently, to increase the rate of agricultural production. This will allow regulating land use processes not only at the regional level, but also at the state level.
Modern climatic resources of the farming post-virgin land regions in Ural and West Siberia and their agricultural assessment
Authors: Gulyanov Yu A , Chibilyov A A , Levykin S V , Yakovlev I G 
Published: January 2021

AbstractModern climatic resources of model regions (Orenburg oblast and Altai Krai) were identified and their agricultural assessment was made to explain scientifically development and implementation of approaches of rational environmental management to agricultural use of farming lands in the post-virgin land regions of Ural and West Siberia. Open access special data on climatic research have served as a source of meteorological information. Commonly accepted methods of the statistical analysis were used to process digital content. It was ascertained that under a total aridity within the studied regions their modern climatic resources had a line of special features. Altai Krai is characterized by more favorable conditions for spring crops vegetation due to predominant precipitation during the summer months and less favorable conditions for winter crops, especially against the background of cooling during the winter months. In Orenburg oblast, increasing aridity of the summer months may prevent complete actualization of productive potential of spring crops and formation of full-grown shoots of winter crops. Introduction of nature-similar technologies in landscape-adaptive systems of agriculture was considered as the principal way to use effectively climatic resources.
Development trends of a waste processing system as a factor of improving the efficiency of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Kuznetsova N A , Kozlova O A , Zinich L V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid in the world community to environmental protection, human health, mainly through the reduction of production and consumption waste dumping. Today, the problem of waste is the most relevant. Waste becomes not only a source of environmental pollution, but also deteriorates the sanitary-epidemiological and aesthetic qualities of nature. Besides, some wastes have properties that allow their further use as secondary raw materials, which is quite interesting from the point of view of their use as a material resource, and their return to the circulation of working capital acquires an important environmental, economic and energy-saving value. The purpose of the study is to characterize modern technologies for processing agricultural waste and to offer directions for waste integrated management. It is planned to collect information presenting a particular practical interest to agricultural producers, as well as to state and other regulatory bodies in the field of agriculture. The methodological basis of the study included the provisions of various theories and methodologies for the analysis of agricultural sustainability, methods to forecast the economic development of rural territories. The information base of the study was statistical collections and directories of state and regional statistics bodies, federal and regional regulatory legal acts, expert databases.
Modern assessment of soil resources of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Shpedt A A , Aksenova Yu V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A comparative assessment of the natural potential of mountain-valley soils of Kyrgyzstan was carried out. The assessment score was determined by the soil-ecological index (SEI). The calculation of the SEI for the main soil types showed that the most valuable soils are formed under moderately cool and humid climate and are represented by low-humic chernozems and Turanian dark grey soils, with an estimated score of 41–37. The increase in climate aridity and an increase in the accumulated temperature above 10°C contribute to the formation of less fertile Turanian typical grey soils, northern grey soils, and chestnut soils. The SEI of these soils varies from 25 to 32 points. Grey-brown desert and light brown soils of the Central Tien Shan, developing under conditions of high moisture deficit, have the minimum scores (13, 16 points). SEIs are largely determined by soil and climate indices. The agrochemical index is estimated by a similar score throughout the study area, since all soils are poor in nitrogen and phosphorus, provided with potassium and differ only in humus content. The value of the climate index to a greater extent depended on the moisture supply of the territories. The soil index varied within 1–2 points and significantly decreased only in soils of varying degrees of erosion, salinity and rockiness.
Assessment of phytocenoses ecological potential in south of Western Siberia based on hydrological and climatic calculations to increase agricultural production
Authors: Tusupbekov Zh A , Ryapolova N L , Nadtochiy V S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The development of the agricultural sector, which provides the population with basic types of food products, is of great importance for the country’s economy. The main branches of agriculture include plant growing and animal husbandry, the effective development of which is of economic but also of significant economic and social importance. The main areas of crop production are represented by grain, vegetable farms and the cultivation of fodder crops. Of great importance for the effective cultivation of crops with sustainable crops is the farming system that is maximally adapted to local climatic and landscape conditions. In work, the ecological potential of phytocenoses was estimated, taking into account the peculiarities of the territorial distribution of heat and water resources in the south of Western Siberia. The necessity of comparing the specific ecological potential of phytocenoses with a possible technogenic load in order to ensure the stability of its functioning is shown.
Human Mobility Associated With Risk of Schistosoma japonicum Infection in Sichuan, China
Authors: Buchwald Andrea G , Grover Elise , Van Dyke Julia , Kechris Katerina , Lu Ding , Liu Yang , Zhong Bo , Carlton Elizabeth J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Urbanization increases human mobility in ways that can alter the transmission of classically rural, vector-borne diseases like schistosomiasis. The impact of human mobility on individual-level Schistosoma risk is poorly characterized. Travel outside endemic areas may protect against infection by reducing exposure opportunities, whereas travel to other endemic regions may increase risk. Using detailed monthly travel- and water-contact surveys from 27 rural communities in Sichuan, China, in 2008, we aimed to describe human mobility and to identify mobility-related predictors of S. japonicum infection. Candidate predictors included timing, frequency, distance, duration, and purpose of recent travel as well as water-contact measures. Random forests machine learning was used to detect key predictors of individual infection status. Logistic regression was used to assess the strength and direction of associations. Key mobility-related predictors include frequent travel and travel during July—both associated with decreased probability of infection and less time engaged in risky water-contact behavior, suggesting travel may remove opportunities for schistosome exposure. The importance of July travel and July water contact suggests a high-risk window for cercarial exposure. The frequency and timing of human movement out of endemic areas should be considered when assessing potential drivers of rural infectious diseases.
Blood Pressure in Young Adults and Cardiovascular Disease Later in Life
Authors: Yano Yuichiro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has declined markedly over the past several decades among middle-age and older adults in the United States. However, young adults (18–39 years of age) have had a lower rate of decline in CVD mortality. This trend may be related to the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) having increased among young US adults. Additionally, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension are low among US adults between 20 and 39 years of age. Many young adults and healthcare providers may not be aware of the impact of high BP during young adulthood on their later life, the associations of BP patterns with adverse outcomes later in life, and benefit-to-harm ratios of pharmacological treatment. This review provides a synthesis of the related resources available in the literature to better understand BP-related CVD risk among young adults and better identify BP patterns and levels during young adulthood that are associated with CVD events later in life, and lastly, to clarify future challenges in BP management for young adults.
Recent Advances in the Potential of Positive Allosteric Modulators of the GABAB Receptor to Treat Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Augier Eric 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aims
The effects of alcohol on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission are key for the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Previous research consistently indicates that GABAB receptor agonists such as baclofen can attenuate addiction-related behaviors in preclinical models of AUD. More importantly, baclofen has also shown promise in clinical studies, particularly in severely alcohol-dependent patients. However, despite this promise, other clinical studies have not confirmed its efficacy and chiefly, larger clinical trials have not been conducted. Therefore, with the exception of France, baclofen is not approved for the treatment of AUD in any other country. Furthermore, it is also important to keep in mind that some patients treated with baclofen may experience important side-effects, including sedation, drowsiness and sleepiness.

Methods
This short review will first discuss the history of baclofen for AUD treatment. We will then summarize preclinical behavioral results that have investigated the efficacy of GABAB PAMs for addiction treatment, with a special focus on our recent work that investigated the effects of ADX71441, a novel GABAB PAM, on several alcohol-related behaviors in rats that model important aspects of human AUD. Finally, in light of the recent criticism about the translational value of animal models of addiction, the specific translational potential of our work and of other preclinical studies that have unanimously reported the efficacy of GABAB PAMs to attenuate multiple alcohol-related behaviors will be discussed.

Results
Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the GABAB receptor offer an attractive alternative approach to baclofen and have the potential to achieve mechanistic and therapeutic effects similar to GABAB agonists, while avoiding the tolerance and toxicity issues associated with baclofen. To date, all preclinical behavioral results have invariably shown the efficacy of GABAB PAMs for addiction treatment.

Conclusions
Preclinical studies indicate that GABAB PAMs have a higher therapeutic index than orthosteric agonists, at least in terms of mitigating the sedative effects of GABAB agonism. This predicts that GABAB PAMs have a high translational potential in humans and merit being tested clinically, in particular in patients with severe AUD.
Partial mycoheterotrophy is common among chlorophyllous plants with Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhiza
Authors: Giesemann Philipp , Rasmussen Hanne N , Gebauer Gerhard 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
An arbuscular mycorrhiza is a mutualistic symbiosis with plants as carbon providers for fungi. However, achlorophyllous arbuscular mycorrhizal species are known to obtain carbon from fungi, i.e. they are mycoheterotrophic. These species all have the Paris type of arbuscular mycorrhiza. Recently, two chlorophyllous Paris-type species proved to be partially mycoheterotrophic. In this study, we explore the frequency of this condition and its association with Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhiza.

Methods
We searched for evidence of mycoheterotrophy in all currently published 13C, 2H and 15N stable isotope abundance patterns suited for calculations of enrichment factors, i.e. isotopic differences between neighbouring Paris- and Arum-type species. We found suitable data for 135 plant species classified into the two arbuscular mycorrhizal morphotypes.

Key Results
About half of the chlorophyllous Paris-type species tested were significantly enriched in 13C and often also enriched in 2H and 15N, compared with co-occurring Arum-type species. Based on a two-source linear mixing model, the carbon gain from the fungal source ranged between 7 and 93 % with ferns &gt; horsetails &gt; seed plants. The seed plants represented 13 families, many without a previous record of mycoheterotrophy. The 13C-enriched chlorophyllous Paris-type species were exclusively herbaceous perennials, with a majority of them thriving on shady forest ground.

Conclusions
Significant carbon acquisition from fungi appears quite common and widespread among Paris-type species, this arbuscular mycorrhizal morphotype probably being a pre-condition for developing varying degrees of mycoheterotrophy.
Functional hydraulic sectoring in grapevines as evidenced by sap flow, dye infusion, leaf removal and micro-computed tomography
Authors: McElrone A J , Manuck C M , Brodersen C R , Patakas A , Pearsall K R , Williams L E 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe supply of water to a plant canopy is dependent on the xylem pathway connecting roots to leaves. In some plants, sectored xylem pathways can restrict resource distribution, resulting in variable quality of organs in the shoots, yet little is known about the effects of sectoring in crop cultivars. In this study, we combined sap flow measurements and infusion of xylem-specific dyes to document functional conductive area and flow pathways from roots to shoots of 20-year-old Thompson Seedless and 8-year-old Chardonnay grapevines. Sap flow measurements and dye infusion demonstrated that water flowed predominantly in discrete xylem (visually identifiable from the trunk surface) sectors along the trunk axis, each supplying limited portions of the canopy. Functional conductive area in the trunk was proportional to that in the shoots even though sector size varied considerably between vines. Leaf area removal experiments further demonstrated sectoring in grapevines; sap flow decreased by &gt;90 % in trunk sectors connected to excised shoots while it remained constant in trunk sectors supplying intact portions of the canopy. Despite the functional sectoring in grapevines, a high degree of interconnectivity of trunk xylem in the tangential direction was confirmed with synchrotron-based micro-computed tomography (microCT) and dye crossover infusion studies. Fruit attached to dyed canes was also similarly sectored; no clusters exhibited dye on non-dyed canes, while 97 % of clusters attached to dyed canes exhibited dye infusion. The dye travelled down the cluster rachis and appeared to accumulate at the pedicel/berry junction, but only on dyed canes. These findings suggest that xylem in grapevine trunks is integrated anatomically, but functions in a sectored manner due to high axial hydraulic conductivity. The functional sectoring of grapevine xylem documented here has important implications for management practices in vineyards and for fruit cluster uniformity within single grapevine.
Three new methods indicate that CO2 concentration affects plant respiration in the range relevant to global change
Authors: Bunce James A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Short-term responses of plant dark respiration to carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) in the range anticipated in the atmosphere with global change remain controversial, primarily because it is difficult to convincingly eliminate the many possible sources of experimental error in measurements of carbon dioxide or oxygen exchange rates. Plant dark respiration is a major component of the carbon balance of many ecosystems. In seedlings without senescent tissue, the rate of loss of dry mass during darkness indicates the rate of respiration. This method of measuring respiration was used to test for [CO2] effects on respiration in seedlings of three species with relatively large seeds. The time it took respiration to exhaust substrates and cause seedling death in darkness was used as an indicator of respiration rate in four other species with smaller seeds. The third method was measuring rates of CO2 exchange in excised petioles sealed in a cuvette submerged in water to prevent leaks. Petioles were utilized as the plant tissue type with the most reliable rates of respiration, for excised tissue. The rate of loss of dry mass in the dark decreased with increasing [CO2] in the range of 200–800 μmol mol−1 in all three large-seeded species. The seedling survival time in the dark increased with [CO2] in the same concentration range in all four of the smaller-seeded species. Respiration rates of excised petioles of several species also decreased over this [CO2] range. The data provide new evidence that the rate of dark respiration in plant tissue often decreases with increasing [CO2] in the 200–800 μmol mol−1 range.
Mouse Quantitative Proteomics Knowledgebase: reference protein concentration ranges in 20 mouse tissues using 5000 quantitative proteomics assays
Authors: Mohammed Yassene , Bhowmick Pallab , Michaud Sarah A , Sickmann Albert , Borchers Christoph H 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

MotivationLaboratory mouse is the most used animal model in biological research, largely due to its high conserved synteny with human. Researchers use mice to answer various questions ranging from determining a pathological effect of knocked out/in gene to understanding drug metabolism. Our group developed &gt;5000 quantitative targeted proteomics assays for 20 mouse tissues and determined the concentration ranges of a total of &gt;1600 proteins using heavy labeled internal standards. We describe here MouseQuaPro; a knowledgebase that hosts this collection of carefully curated experimental data.
ResultsThe web-based application includes protein concentrations from &gt;700 mouse tissue samples from three common research strains, corresponding to &gt;200k experimentally determined concentrations. The knowledgebase integrates the assay and protein concentration information with their human orthologs, functional and molecular annotations, biological pathways, related human diseases and known gene expressions. At its core are the protein concentration ranges, which provide insights into (dis)similarities between tissues, strains and sexes. MouseQuaPro implements advanced search as well as filtering functionalities with a simple interface and interactive visualization. This information-rich resource provides an initial map of protein absolute concentration in mouse tissues and allows guided design of proteomics phenotyping experiments. The knowledgebase is available on mousequapro.proteincentre.com.

Availability and implementation
The knowledgebase is available free of charge on http://mousequapro.proteincentre.com.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.