bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field trials of synthetic sex attractants of Illiberis pruni in China
Authors: Liu Hongxia , Xu Shengli , Dou Rui , Wang Yang , Jing Xiaoyuan , Liu Jinlong , Wang Jifei , Wang Zhiling , Zhang Jintong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe objective of this work was to determine the best conditions for the use of synthetic sex attractants to monitor Illiberis pruni Dyar (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae) in the Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve, Ningxia, China. Traps with binary blends of 2‐butyl (7Z)‐dodecanoate (300 µg) and 2‐butyl (9Z)‐tetradecanoate (300 µg) at a ratio of 1:1 caught the most moths. Catches were significantly different across 5–45 m inter‐trap distances; the optimal trapping radius was 25 m. Trap height did not affect catches. The slope aspect, temperature, and humidity significantly influenced catches. More moths were caught as temperatures increased and relative humidity decreased. Traps placed on shady slopes caught significantly more moths than did traps placed on sunny slopes. This study elucidates how various factors influence the effectiveness of traps. The implications of these findings could facilitate safer and more environmentally friendly in situ management of I. pruni.
Plagues, wars, political change, and fiscal capacity: late medieval and Renaissance Siena, 1337–1556†
Authors: Fochesato Mattia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAfter the 1348 Black Death, the Republic of Siena went through a period of recurrent plagues, military threats, and famines. During this phase the city moved from the oligarchic system to a coalition formed by the participation of social groups previously excluded from politics, an institutional path almost unique among contemporary Italian states. Did the city maintain its fiscal capacity, and, if so, how? These questions are addressed using a quantitative analysis of a new dataset compiled from the fiscal archives of the city of Siena, which shows two main results. First, despite the increasing external threats, the coalitions were able to maintain fiscal capacity until the second half of the fifteenth century. Second, they did so by adopting progressive fiscal instruments that allowed the city to raise the resources needed to deal with increasing fiscal pressure. However, these instruments ultimately linked the fiscal capacity of Siena to the economic trends of northern and central Italy. When in the second half of the fifteenth century the region entered into an economic downturn, the fiscal capacity of Siena plummeted and the city lost its independence.
On the transcendental structure of Iris Murdoch's philosophical method
Authors: Jordan Jessy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecent scholarship has focused on the provocative suggestion that there is a deep unity linking the philosophical projects of Iris Murdoch, Elizabeth Anscombe, Philippa Foot, and Mary Midgley. In addition to providing scholars with the opportunity to consider what these four shared, the unanimity story also offers an occasion to reflect on what is distinctive about each. Whereas Anscombe, Foot, and Midgley each turn to broadly Aristotelian resources for developing an alternative to the dominant non‐cognitivism of their day, Murdoch turns to Platonic ones. The nature of Murdoch's Platonism, however, is not always well understood and has been identified as a “recurring question.” This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing attempt to understand Murdoch's distinctive, Platonic alternative to the ethical non‐cognitivism of her day. I contend that Murdoch's philosophical method, especially its transcendental elements, is an unexplored resource for better understanding the character of her Platonism as a modest one.
A cross‐sectional survey of the diagnosis and treatment of distal limb cellulitis in horses by veterinary surgeons in the United Kingdom
Authors: Braid H. R. , Ireland J. L. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryBackgroundCellulitis is a commonly recognised condition in first opinion equine practice yet there is little published information regarding its diagnosis, treatment and management.ObjectivesTo describe current approaches of veterinary surgeons working in the United Kingdom (UK) to the diagnosis, treatment and management of distal limb cellulitis in horses.Study designCross‐sectional survey.MethodsAn online questionnaire was distributed via email and social media sites for a period of 12 weeks. Descriptive statistics were produced and chi‐square or Fisher’s exact tests were used to assess associations between categorical variables, with critical probability set at 0.05.ResultsDistal limb cellulitis is frequently encountered in the UK, with 83.5% (n = 224/268) of respondents having treated >5 cases in the preceding 12 months. Diagnosis was predominantly made based on clinical signs alone (89.2%; n = 239/268). The majority of respondents (95.5%; n = 256/268) treated cases with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antimicrobials. Phenylbutazone (93.8%; n = 240/256) and trimethoprim sulphonamide (TMPS) (72.3%; n = 185/256) were most frequently prescribed and 61.7% (n = 148/240) of respondents prescribed these drugs in combination. Duration of treatment was most frequently five days for NSAIDs (33.5%; n = 64/191), TMPS (84.4%; n = 119/141) and doxycycline (62.5%; n = 25/40), the longest prescribed duration of any treatments being 10 days. Corticosteroids were administered by 41.0% of respondents (n = 110/268). Management recommendations included cold hosing/ice packing of the affected limb (79.4%; n = 212/267) with light exercise (turnout or hand walking) if the horse was comfortable enough to do so (97.4%; n = 260/267).Main limitationsSmall sample size (n = 268) and low level of item omission for a small number of questions.ConclusionsCellulitis is common in the UK and is usually treated with NSAIDs and antimicrobials for 5–10 days, plus cold hosing and light exercise. Further study on the topics of diagnosis and treatment, with particular emphasis on the aetiology and necessity of antimicrobials, is warranted.
Epigenetic and metabolic interplay in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Pacella Gina , Capell Brian C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the ageing of the population and increased levels of recreational sun exposure and immunosuppression, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), is both an enormous and expanding clinical and economic issue. Despite advances in therapy, up to 5000–8000 people are estimated to die every year from cSCC in the U.S., highlighting the need for both better prevention and treatments. Two emerging areas of scientific discovery that may offer new therapeutic approaches for cSCC are epigenetics and metabolism. Importantly, these disciplines display extensive crosstalk, with metabolic inputs contributing to the chromatin landscape, while the dynamic epigenome shapes transcriptional and cellular responses that feedback into cellular metabolism. Recent evidence suggests that indeed, epigenetic and metabolic dysregulation may be critical contributors to cSCC pathogenesis. Here, we synthesize the latest findings from these fast‐moving fields, including how they may drive cSCC, yet also be harnessed for therapy.
Seagrass (Halophila stipulacea) invasion enhances carbon sequestration in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Wesselmann Marlene , Geraldi Nathan R. , Duarte Carlos M. , Garcia‐Orellana Jordi , Díaz‐Rúa Rubén , Arias‐Ortiz Ariane , Hendriks Iris E. , Apostolaki Eugenia T. , Marbà Núria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe introduction and establishment of exotic species often result in significant changes in recipient communities and their associated ecosystem services. However, usually the magnitude and direction of the changes are difficult to quantify because there is no pre‐introduction data. Specifically, little is known about the effect of marine exotic macrophytes on organic carbon sequestration and storage. Here, we combine dating sediment cores (210Pb) with sediment eDNA fingerprinting to reconstruct the chronology of pre‐ and post‐arrival of the Red Sea seagrass Halophila stipulacea spreading into the Eastern Mediterranean native seagrass meadows. We then compare sediment organic carbon storage and burial rates before and after the arrival of H. stipulacea and between exotic (H. stipulacea) and native (C. nodosa and P. oceanica) meadows since the time of arrival following a Before‐After‐Control‐Impact (BACI) approach. This analysis revealed that H. stipulacea arrived at the areas of study in Limassol (Cyprus) and West Crete (Greece) in the 1930s and 1970s, respectively. Average sediment organic carbon after the arrival of H. stipulacea to the sites increased in the exotic meadows twofold, from 8.4 ± 2.5 g Corg m−2 year−1 to 14.7 ± 3.6 g Corg m−2 year−1, and, since then, burial rates in the exotic seagrass meadows were higher than in native ones of Cymodocea nodosa and Posidonia oceanica. Carbon isotopic data indicated a 50% increase of the seagrass contribution to the total sediment Corg pool since the arrival of H. stipulacea. Our results demonstrate that the invasion of H. stipulacea may play an important role in maintaining the blue carbon sink capacity in the future warmer Mediterranean Sea, by developing new carbon sinks in bare sediments and colonizing areas previously occupied by the colder thermal affinity P. oceanica.
Quantifying high‐temperature stress on soybean canopy photosynthesis: The unique role of sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence
Authors: Kimm Hyungsuk , Guan Kaiyu , Burroughs Charles H. , Peng Bin , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. , Bernacchi Carl J. , Moore Caitlin E. , Kumagai Etsushi , Yang Xi , Berry Joseph A. , Wu Genghong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh temperature and accompanying high vapor pressure deficit often stress plants without causing distinctive changes in plant canopy structure and consequential spectral signatures. Sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), because of its mechanistic link with photosynthesis, may better detect such stress than remote sensing techniques relying on spectral reflectance signatures of canopy structural changes. However, our understanding about physiological mechanisms of SIF and its unique potential for physiological stress detection remains less clear. In this study, we measured SIF at a high‐temperature experiment, Temperature Free‐Air Controlled Enhancement, to explore the potential of SIF for physiological investigations. The experiment provided a gradient of soybean canopy temperature with 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0°C above the ambient canopy temperature in the open field environments. SIF yield, which is normalized by incident radiation and the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, showed a high correlation with photosynthetic light use efficiency (r = 0.89) and captured dynamic plant responses to high‐temperature conditions. SIF yield was affected by canopy structural and plant physiological changes associated with high‐temperature stress (partial correlation r = 0.60 and −0.23). Near‐infrared reflectance of vegetation, only affected by canopy structural changes, was used to minimize the canopy structural impact on SIF yield and to retrieve physiological SIF yield (ΦF) signals. ΦF further excludes the canopy structural impact than SIF yield and indicates plant physiological variability, and we found that ΦF outperformed SIF yield in responding to physiological stress (r = −0.37). Our findings highlight that ΦF sensitively responded to the physiological downregulation of soybean gross primary productivity under high temperature. ΦF, if reliably derived from satellite SIF, can support monitoring regional crop growth and different ecosystems' vegetation productivity under environmental stress and climate change.
Linking climate niches across seasons to assess population vulnerability in a migratory bird
Authors: Ruegg Kristen , Anderson Eric C. , Somveille Marius , Bay Rachael A. , Whitfield Mary , Paxton Eben H. , Smith Thomas B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlobal loss of biodiversity has placed new urgency on the need to understand factors regulating species response to rapid environmental change. While specialists are often less resilient to rapid environmental change than generalists, species‐level analyses may obscure the extent of specialization when locally adapted populations vary in climate tolerances. Until recently, quantification of the degree of climate specialization in migratory birds below the species level was hindered by a lack of genomic and tracking information, but recent technological advances have helped to overcome these barriers. Here we take a genome‐wide genetic approach to mapping population‐specific migratory routes and quantifying niche breadth within genetically distinct populations of a migratory bird, the willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii), which exhibits variation in the severity of population declines across its breeding range. While our sample size is restricted to the number of genetically distinct populations within the species, our results support the idea that locally adapted populations of the willow flycatcher with narrow climatic niches across seasons are already federally listed as endangered or in steep decline, while populations with broader climatic niches have remained stable in recent decades. Overall, this work highlights the value of quantifying niche breadth within genetically distinct groups across time and space when attempting to understand the factors that facilitate or constrain the response of locally adapted populations to rapid environmental change.
The Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño Southern Oscillation as major drivers of coral cover on shallow reefs in the Andaman Sea
Authors: Dunne Richard P. , Brown Barbara E. , Phongsuwan Niphon , Putchim Lalita 
Published: April 2021

AbstractShallow reefs are a major feature of coral assemblages in the Andaman Sea. At Phuket, Thailand sheltered reefs are dominated by massive corals, together with an increasing abundance of branching species during favourable growth conditions. The growth of coral on these reefs is moderated by long‐term increases in sea temperature and relative sea level but fluctuating decadal/intradecadal climate processes of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), which modulate sea level and temperature, are the main drivers of coral cover. In this study, the contribution of these two climate processes was identified and also quantified. Over a 34‐year study of fluctuating coral cover, the three major reductions in cover in 1997, 2010 and 2019 were linked to overlapping positive IOD (pIOD) and El Niños in 1997 and 2019, and with an El Niño alone in 2010. Combined pIOD and El Niño depressed sea level was the major factor in reducing cover in 1997 while El Niño extreme sea temperatures were responsible for large reductions in 2010. In 2019, a bi‐phasic pIOD and El Niño resulted in lowered cover at a time of both decreased sea level and high sea temperature. Under global warming scenarios, it is projected that extreme pIODs, such as those seen in 1997 and 2019, will occur more frequently while El Niño frequencies will continue to increase even after global mean temperature stabilization. In these circumstances, and with steadily rising background sea temperatures, the future risks to the shallow reefs of the Andaman Sea are substantial, despite any temporary respite gained from climate related or land subsidence sea‐level rise. Such findings have wider implications for all reefs affected by climatic‐driven sea‐level depressions, particularly those around Indonesian shores where similar El‐Niño‐related reductions in coral cover have been reported.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB3 inhibits Helicobacter pylori infection through multiple molecular actions
Authors: Do Anh Duy , Chang Chun‐Chi , Su Chiu‐Hsian , Hsu Yuan‐Man 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEradication of Helicobacter pylori infection is the most direct and effective way for preventing gastric cancer. Lactic acid bacteria are considered as alternative therapeutic agents against H. pylori infection.MethodsEffects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB3 (LR‐JB3) on the virulence gene expression of H. pylori and infection‐induced cellular responses of AGS cells were investigated by co‐cultivating infected AGS cells with different multiplicity of infections (MOIs) of LR‐JB3.ResultsLR‐JB3, specifically at a MOI of 25, suppressed the association ability of H. pylori and its induced IL‐8 levels, as well as the mRNA levels of vacA, sabA, and fucT of H. pylori, infection‐induced Lewis (Le)x antigen and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressions in AGS cells. However, the apoptosis mediated by infection was inhibited by LR‐JB3 in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, autoinducer (AI)‐2 was observed to have increased the association ability and fucT expression of H. pylori, and Lex antigen and TLR4 expression of AGS cells. Interestingly, an unknown bioactive cue was hypothesized to have been secreted from LR‐JB3 at a MOI of 25 to act as an antagonist of AI‐2.ConclusionsLR‐JB3 possesses various means to interfere with H. pylori pathogenesis and infection‐induced cellular responses of AGS cells to fight against infection.
Identification of the source caldera for the Middle Miocene ash‐flow tuffs in the Kii Peninsula based on apatite trace‐element composition
Authors: Takashima Reishi , Hoshi Hiroyuki , Wada Yutaka , Shinjoe Hironao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA large caldera cluster consisting of at least four calderas (Omine, Odai, Kumano‐North and Kumano calderas) existed in the central–southern part of the Kii Peninsula approximately 14–15 Ma. On the other hand, thick Middle Miocene ash‐flow tuffs, referred to as the Muro Ash‐flow Tuff and the Sekibutsu Tuff Member, are distributed in the northern part of the Kii Peninsula. Although these tuffs are considered to have erupted from the caldera cluster in the central‐southern Kii Peninsula, identifying the source caldera in the cluster has been controversial because of similarities in the petrological characteristics and identical radiometric ages of the volcaniclastic rocks of these calderas. We successfully discriminated the characteristics of the eruptive products of each caldera in the caldera cluster based on the apatite trace‐element compositions of the pyroclastic dikes and ash‐flow tuffs of the calderas. We also demonstrated that the source caldera of at least the lower main part of the Muro Ash‐flow Tuff and the Sekibutsu Tuff Member was the Odai Caldera, which is located in the central Kii Peninsula. Our findings show possible correlations among the pyroclastic conduits and ash‐flow tuffs of the caldera‐fill and/or outflow deposits, even in cases where they have been densely welded and diagenetically altered. This method is useful for the study of deeply eroded ancient calderas.
A penny saved is a penny earned: How money‐view and self‐view jointly influence consumer financial behaviour
Authors: Kim Min Jung , Huang Yanliu , Chen Haipeng (Allan) 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe prior literature suggests that money offers symbolic or exchange values, thereby directly or indirectly motivating behaviours (i.e., money as a direct or an indirect behavioural incentive). Building on this distinction, the current research argues that the way consumers perceive the value of money (i.e., money‐view) affects their preferences for financial strategies in enhancing their financial positions. Specifically, our finding shows that consumers tend to prefer financial strategies that focus on financial gains (vs. losses) when they perceive money as a direct (vs. indirect) behavioural incentive (Study 1). We further show that consumers are more motivated to enhance their financial positions, that is, have a higher hypothetical savings rate (Study 2) or a higher self‐reported savings rate (Study 3), when there is a fit between their preferences for financial strategies predicted by their money‐views (e.g., direct or indirect) and by their self‐views (e.g., independent or interdependent). This research contributes to existing knowledge on the psychology of money as well as consumer financial behaviour. Practically, the results offer valuable guidance in the development of more effective personal finance management.
Being an ethical or unethical consumer in response to social exclusion: The role of control, belongingness and self‐esteem
Authors: Tunçel Niray , Kavak Bahtışen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSocial exclusion threatens control, belongingness and self‐esteem, and such threats may produce distinct behavioural intentions. This study hypothesized that thwarted control would increase the intention towards unethical consumer behaviour. Additionally, it hypothesized that inhibiting belongingness and self‐esteem would decrease the intention to engage in unethical consumer behaviour for reconnection. To test the hypotheses, we conducted two online experiments, with 117 (63 females and 54 males) and 188 (91 females and 97 males) participants in the 18–64 age range, using the Cyberball game to manipulate social exclusion. The result of the first study indicated that social exclusion diminished the level of control and increased participants’ willingness to engage in unethical consumer behaviour. The result of the second study indicated that social exclusion decreased levels of belongingness and self‐esteem and this decreased belongingness reduced the intention to engage in unethical consumer behaviour for reconnection. These results show that sense of control and belongingness are two psychological mechanisms through which social exclusion influences unethical behavioural intentions. To our knowledge, this is the first empirical study to analyze the role of control, belongingness, and self‐esteem as the mechanism explaining why excluded individuals are more likely to engage in unethical consumer behaviour but less likely to do it for affiliation. Accordingly, the paper presents some important theoretical and practical implications in the consumer behaviour context.
Prognostic evidence of LEF1 isoforms in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Erbilgin Yucel , Hatirnaz Ng Ozden , Can Ismail , Firtina Sinem , Kucukcankurt Fulya , Karaman Serap , Karakas Zeynep , Celkan Tulin Tiraje , Zengin Emine , Aylan Gelen Sema , Nihal Ozdemir Gul , Yildirmak Yildiz , Dogru Omer , Tansel Turkan , Khodzhaev Khusan , Toluk Ozlem , Ozbek Ugur , Sayitoglu Muge 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1) is a DNA‐binding transcription factor that functions in the Wnt signaling pathway. Increased LEF1 activity is associated with progression of several types of cancer including leukemia. Here, we investigated LEF1 isoform expression and genomic variations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).MethodsLEF1 isoform expression was evaluated by quantitative real‐time PCR in 87 newly diagnosed childhood ALL patients and controls. Moreover, Western blot analysis was performed for detection of LEF1 expression and the hotspot region of LEF1 was screened by deep sequencing.ResultsThe LEF1 mRNA expression of B cell ALL patients was higher than the controls (LEF1‐total P = .011, LEF1‐long P = .026). Moreover, B‐ALL samples showing higher total LEF1 expression had significantly shorter relapse‐free survival (P = .008) and overall survival (P = .011). Although full‐length LEF1 expression was similar to the controls in T‐ALL, 50% (n = 15) of the ALL patients had increased full‐length LEF1 protein expression. Imbalance between short‐ and full‐length LEF1 isoforms may lead to cell survival in ALL. Beside the LEF1 activation, LEF1 gene variations were rarely observed in our cohort.ConclusionThe results indicate that the Wnt pathway may have a pathogenic function in a group of ALL patients and high LEF1‐total expression might be a marker for shorter relapse‐free survival time in B cell ALL.