bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting Physical Activity in Rural Settings: Effectiveness and Potential Strategies
Authors: Smith Whitney J. , Martin Michelle Y. , Pisu Maria , Oster Robert A. , Qu Haiyan , Shewchuk Richard M. , Sheffield Mary E. , Minter Alex , Baumann Ana A. , Rogers Laura Q. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Implementing efficacious physical activity interventions in real-world rural settings is needed because rural cancer survivors are more physically inactive and experience poorer health. To address this gap, this study evaluated the effectiveness of an evidenced-based physical activity program (Better Exercise Adherence after Treatment for Cancer [BEAT Cancer]) for rural women cancer survivors when implemented by community-based nonresearch staff. Sixteen rural women cancer survivors received BEAT Cancer implemented by a rural community organization and nonresearch staff; physical activity, patient-reported outcomes, and social cognitive constructs were measured at baseline and postprogram. Cancer survivors and interventionists completed program evaluations postprogram. Cancer survivor mean age was 58 ± 12 yr; 62% were White. Mean months since diagnosis was 54 ± 72; 69% had breast cancer. Significant improvements from pre- to postprogram occurred for self-report weekly minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (mean change [M] = 146 ± 186, P = 0.009), anxiety (M = −1.3 ± 1.8, P = 0.016), depression (M = −2.1 ± 2.0, P = 0.001), self-efficacy (M = 20.9 ± 30.5, P = 0.019), barriers interference (M = −15.0 ± 14.1, P = 0.001), and social support (M = 5.0 ± 7.4, P = 0.02). Cancer survivors ranked the program highly, identified strategies that were helpful (e.g., group activities, personalized exercise plan, etc.), and suggested additional implementation strategies (e.g., guide for home-based phase, etc.). Interventionists identified strategies (e.g., logistics, staff training and certification, cost, etc.) for enhancing organizational readiness for program delivery. Evidence-based physical activity programs can be effective when implemented by nonresearch staff in rural settings. Further research testing strategies that improve implementation are needed. Effectiveness and identified strategies supporting delivery when implemented by a rural organization can improve physical activity promotion for rural at-risk populations.
Institutional changes in politics
Authors: Mieleszko Anna 
Published: October 2021

Motivation: Institutions are a set of rules of the game, norms and values that constitute a fundamental element of any social and political system. Political institutions are an important object of theoretical considerations and a number of attempts at explanations in political science. in their research, they put more emphasis on the effects of political institutions than on issues related to their genesis and the changes taking place. This article is in the trend of New Institutionalism which focuses on the causal role and the limited ability to design new tools, as well as a strong intention in this area.
Aim: The aim of the article is to provide a synthetic overview of the causes and effects of continuity and changes in formal political institutions within the interdisciplinary area — new institutionalism. The research methods used during the preparation of the article include the analysis and criticism of the literature
Results: The article focuses on presenting the role of institutions in political life, showing the dysfunctionality of the institutional sphere in the face of pressure from interest groups and the game of political actors. The explanation of these aspects was served by logical constructions and analyzes, primarily of a historical and sociological study, emphasizing the importance of determinants of informal institutions on the durability and institutional change.
More planning and slower discharge: a qualitative study of the facilitators of and barriers to a smooth discharge for stroke patients
Authors: Freaney Sharon 
Published: October 2021

Background: It is likely that one-third of people that experience a stroke will be dependent on others for their care after discharge from hospital. Aims: This study aims to explore the perspectives of a range of stakeholders about the challenges impacting on a smooth transition from hospital to home following a stroke. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted, which involved people living with stroke (n=3), family carers (n=3) and senior nurses (n=5) from one health trust in the UK. Face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews and open response questionnaires were used for data collection. An inductive approach informed data analysis. Findings: The three main themes that emerged from the data analysis were 1) communication and information, 2) support mechanisms, and 3) organisational issues. The findings indicate a gap between what the service is presently delivering and what patients and carers require for a smooth care transition from hospital to home. Conclusions: The author recommends timely, coordinated discharge planning that actively involves the patient and family carer, the implementation of day leave and weekend leave, and the involvement of the family carer in providing some aspects of care for their relative in the hospital environment.
Prevalence of depression and associated factors among patients with epilepsy at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Addis Banchlay , Wolde Maereg , Minyihun Amare , Aschalew Andualem Yalew 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
Depression is a commonly overwhelming problem among patients with epilepsy which compromises their quality of life especially in developing countries. Previously limited studies were conducted using Becks Depression Inventory tool in Ethiopia. The aim of this study’s objective was to determine the prevalence of depression and associated factors among patients with epilepsy.

Methods
Institution based cross-sectional study was employed at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from March 01–30, 2019.A total of 370 participants were selected using an interview administered structured questionnaire. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess the prevalence of depression.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to investigate potential predictors and variables with a P-value of < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval were considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 370 study participants participated with a response rate of 92%. From the total respondents 37% experienced depression. Perceived stigma (AOR = 3.89, CI: 2.27, 6.68), educational status (AOR = 0.48, CI: 0.25, 0.92), residence (AOR = 0.5, CI: 0.28, 0.89), frequency of seizure (AOR = 2.07, CI: 1.01, 4.23) and social support (AOR = 2.73, CI: 1.41–5.31) were significantly associated with depression status.

Conclusion
This study revealed that prevalence of depression among Epileptic patients was high. Perceived stigma, educational status, residence, frequency of seizure and social support were significantly associated with depression status. Thus, health care workers better to give more emphasis to patients with perceived stigma, higher number of seizure frequency and to those with poor level of social support.
Developing a logic model of change for the determinants of parental nurturance in the first 1000 days: A mixed-method study protocol
Authors: Goldschmidt Tessa , Adebiyi Babatope O. , Roman Nicolette V. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Parents play a key role in providing nurturance and nurturing care to their child during the first 1000 days which is important for optimal child development. Various factors have been found to influence parenting but the contribution of these factors toward parental nurturance within the first 1000 days is not yet known in the South African context. This paper describes a protocol for a project that aims to develop a logic model of change for the determinants of parental nurturance in the first 1000 days in the South African context.

Method
This study will apply a mixed methods approach with a sequential design within an intervention mapping framework. The study will occur in two phases. The first phase will identify the problem, which will be done via a scoping review, a policy review and a needs assessment for parents and stakeholders. This phase will recruit approximately 35 participants (20 parents and 15 stakeholders) for the qualitative component and then approximately 398 participants for the quantitative component. Data will be collected via semi-structured interviews and with questionnaires (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory, the Depression and Anxiety Scale, and the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale). Data will be thematically analysed, and the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) will be used to determine descriptive statistics, both of which will inform the development of the model in phase 2. The second phase will be the development of a logic model of change for determinants for parental nurturance in the first thousand days. This phase will consist of one stage- a consensus workshop which will be attended by approximately 20 participants (5 parents, 5 pregnant woman/new mothers, and 10 stakeholders). The data collected in this stage will be thematically analysed and will contribute to the refinement of the model.

Discussion
The first thousand days (FTD) is a period in which rapid growth occurs in all domains of development. If children do not receive sensitive and responsive care in an environment that is conducive for their optimal development, children may not reach their full developmental potential.
Transition from the Taylor rule to the zero lower bound
Authors: Hurn Stan , Johnson Nicholas , Silvennoinen Annastiina , Teräsvirta Timo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the Taylor rule in the context of United States monetary policy since 1965, particularly with respect to the zero-lower-bound era of the federal funds rate from 2009 to 2016. A nonlinear Taylor rule is developed which features smooth transitions in the first two moments of the federal funds rate. This flexible specification is found to usefully capture observed nonlinearity, while accounting for the well-documented structural changes in monetary policy formation at the Federal Reserve in the last 50 years, and especially in the recent zero-lower-bound era.
Brainstem Mechanisms of Pain Modulation: A within-Subjects 7T fMRI Study of Placebo Analgesic and Nocebo Hyperalgesic Responses
Authors: Crawford Lewis S. , Mills Emily P. , Hanson Theo , Macey Paul M. , Glarin Rebecca , Macefield Vaughan G. , Keay Kevin A. , Henderson Luke A. 
Published: October 2021

Pain perception can be powerfully influenced by an individual's expectations and beliefs. Although the cortical circuitry responsible for pain modulation has been thoroughly investigated, the brainstem pathways involved in the modulatory phenomena of placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia remain to be directly addressed. This study used ultra-high-field 7 tesla functional MRI (fMRI) to accurately resolve differences in brainstem circuitry present during the generation of placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia in healthy human participants (N= 25, 12 male). Over 2 successive days, through blinded application of altered thermal stimuli, participants were deceptively conditioned to believe that two inert creams labeled lidocaine (placebo) and capsaicin (nocebo) were acting to modulate their pain relative to a third Vaseline (control) cream. In a subsequent test phase, fMRI image sets were collected while participants were given identical noxious stimuli to all three cream sites. Pain intensity ratings were collected and placebo and nocebo responses determined. Brainstem-specific fMRI analysis revealed altered activity in key pain modulatory nuclei, including a disparate recruitment of the periaqueductal gray (PAG)–rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) pathway when both greater placebo and nocebo effects were observed. Additionally, we found that placebo and nocebo responses differentially activated the parabrachial nucleus but overlapped in engagement of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus. These data reveal that placebo and nocebo effects are generated through differential engagement of the PAG–RVM pathway, which in concert with other brainstem sites likely influences the experience of pain by modulating activity at the level of the dorsal horn.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding endogenous pain modulatory mechanisms would support development of effective clinical treatment strategies for both acute and chronic pain. Specific brainstem nuclei have long been known to play a central role in nociceptive modulation; however, because of the small size and complex organization of the nuclei, previous neuroimaging efforts have been limited in directly identifying how these subcortical networks interact during the development of antinociceptive and pro-nociceptive effects. We used ultra-high-field fMRI to resolve brainstem structures and measure signal change during placebo analgesia and nocebo hyperalgesia. We define overlapping and disparate brainstem circuitry responsible for altering pain perception. These findings extend our understanding of the detailed organization and function of discrete brainstem nuclei involved in pain processing and modulation.
Factores relevantes para la evaluación de la producción escrita de estudiantes haitianos no hispanohablantes en la escuela pública chilena
Authors: Vega Gloria Toledo , Lizasoain Andrea , Cerda-Oñate Karina 
Published: October 2021

Este artículo examina factores relevantes para profesores de Lengua y Literatura en la evaluación de la escritura de sus estudiantes no hispanohablantes. La fundamentación teórica de este estudio se relaciona con la evaluación como herramienta de aprendizaje, los principios para una evaluación efectiva y la evaluación de la escritura en lengua extranjera. Se trata de un estudio de caso en que se entrevistaron dos profesoras de enseñanza secundaria, para comprender qué factores inciden en la evaluación de la escritura de sus estudiantes haitianos. Estas entrevistas fueron transliteradas y sometidas a un análisis de contenido, del cual emergieron categorías temáticas que se agruparon como factores relevantes para la evaluación de la producción escrita. Estos factores fueron analizados a la luz de la literatura sobre evaluación y se analizaron en el contexto de educación chileno.
Los resultados apuntan a observar las estrategias que intuitivamente usan los profesores para evaluar los textos escritos de sus estudiantes no hispanohablantes y a la necesidad de integrar a las aulas multiculturales profesores especialistas en educación multilingüe, que puedan favorecer la evaluación para el aprendizaje.
Design and control of a single-phase voltage compensator based on an AC Chopper
Authors: Le Ngoc Giang 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: This paper is the result of the research “Design and control of single phase voltage compensator based on AC Chopper” developed in the AD-AF Academy of Viet Nam in 2019.
Problem: This article develops power electronic devices based on AC chopper and provides solution for the voltage sag which is long-lasting and deep amplitude of fading at rural power grid.
Objective: Improve the quality of the electricity system in rural Vietnam.
Methodology: With the improvement of power system, power quality has become the major concern of user and grid companies. The Voltage sag has turned into the research priority because of the most frequently happening and great economic loss. Based on the rounded analysis of traditional voltage compensation devices, this article develops power electronic devices based on AC chopper and provides solution for the voltage sag which is long-lasting and deep amplitude of fading at rural power grid.
Results: On the one hand, it reduces the cost and space of the device. On the other hand, it solves the short compensation time of UPS and DVR.
Conclusion: The trial operation proves that this single-phase low-voltage compensation device has obvious compensation effect for most resistive loads and some inductive loads, less harmonic content, long continuous compensation time and stable performance.
Originality: This compensation device integrates the advantages of UPS and DVR, and also solves their shortcomings and deficiencies.
Limitations: The authors need to spend more time to the development and design three-phase low-voltage compensation device.
Biosorption of Chromium from Textile Wastewater Using Mimosa pudica Tannin Gel
Authors: Ramadhan Yanuar Bekti , Sabrina Aida Nur , Kwartiningsih Endang 
Published: October 2021

<p>The heavy metal content is very dangerous because it can pollute the environment. One of the heavy metals waste commonly found in the textile industry is chromium (Cr). <em>Mimosa pudica</em> is a weed plant and its availability is very abundant. However, it also contains tannin which can be developed into tannin gel biosorbent to adsorption heavy metal content in the wastewater. The purpose of this research is to study <em>Mimosa pudica</em> tannin as a Cr biosorbent from textile wastewater. There are two steps to synthesis tannin gel biosorbent. They are the tannin extraction and the condensation polymerization process. Tannin is easily soluble in water so the condensation polymerization process is needed to make it insoluble in water. The extraction of <em>Mimosa pudica </em>tannin was done using water solvent. The condensation polymerization process was done by the reaction of tannin extract and formaldehyde. The Cr content of textile industry wastewater in the Pasar Kliwon, Surakarta was 4 ppm. The results of the biosorption of Cr heavy metal using <em>Mimosa pudica</em> tannin gel showed that the remaining Cr heavy metal was 0.7098 ppm. It was already below the threshold which was 1 ppm.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> biosorption, condensation polymerization, extraction, <em>Mimosa pudica</em>, tannin gel</p>
Machine Learning Identification of Lymph Node Metastasis in women with early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer: a SEER population-based study
Authors: Zhu Xiu-jie , Fang wen-lai , xu chao-yi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective

Emerging evidence indicates that nearly 20% of patients with incompletely staged early-stage ovarian cancer develop to advanced stage because of lymph node metastases. The aim of the present study is to establish machine learning (ML) based predictive models for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to select patients diagnosed with early T classification epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) between 2010 and 2015. The possibility of LNM was predicted by comparing the six ML algorithms. Model performance was compared in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and the area under the curve (AUC). The Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) analysis was employed to generate explanations and was presented as patient-specific visualizations.
Results

Screening of the SEER database yielded 3400 patients with early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer, and the data were divided randomly into a training set (70%), validation set (15%), and test set (15%). A grid search with 10-fold cross-validation was performed on the training set to tune the parameters. Overall, the Random Forest (RF) (accuracy of 79.8% and AUC of 0.878) was the best performing classifier and the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) (accuracy of 77.2% and AUC of 0.857) demonstrated a similar high performance. The RF model performance was highly dependent on five top-rank features, including histology, grade, marital status, chemotherapy, and tumor size. SHAP analysis provided model-agnostic interpretation illustrating significant clinical contributors associated with risks of LNM in early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
Conclusions

The established ML-based prediction model for LNM in early-stage EOC is valid and valuable in improving clinical decision-making.
AnchoisFert: A New Organic Fertilizer from Fish Processing Waste for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Muscolo Adele , Mauriello Francesco , Marra Francesco , Calabrò Paolo Salvatore , Russo Mariateresa , Ciriminna Rosaria , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The “AnchoisFert” solid residue comprised of milled anchovy leftovers after fish oil extraction with biobased limonene is a powerful organic fertilizer. Employed to promote the growth of Tropea’s red onion (Allium cepa), the fertilizer turns out to largely superior to commonly used organic (manure) and chemical (NPK) fertilizers. Rich in proteins, organic carbon, flavonoids, magnesium, potassium, phosphate and sulphate, and devoid of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes, the new organic fertilizer can replace both conventional organic and inorganic fertilizers. The discovery closes the fishing material cycle for one of the most fished species across the seas opening the route to a new class of organic fertilizers of exceptional performance derived from abundant biowaste via a low-cost, environmentally-friendly circular economy process.
Study protocol for a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of the use of Xylitol gum in the prevention of caries lesions in children living in Ladakh – the Caries Prevention Xylitol in Children (CaPreXCh) trial
Authors: Cagetti Maria Grazia , Cocco Fabio , Calzavara Ezio , Augello Davide , Zagpoo Phunchok , Campus Guglielmo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Ladakh is region of the larger region of Kashmir and Jammu administered by India. Only few data on oral health of Ladakh’s population are available. The aim of the present protocol will be to record the caries prevalence of primary and permanent molars of schoolchildren living in Ladakh and to implement a school-based Xylitol program, named the Caries Prevention Xylitol in Children (CaPreXCh) trial, using chewing gums. Methods: The protocol is designed as a triple-blind randomized, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial in children aged 5-14 years. The study should have be carried out from August 2021 to August 2024 in Zanskar Valley (Ladakh), but COVID-19 pandemic does not allow today to make predictions on the exact start. Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups: subjects who will receive a chewing gum with Xylitol (70% w/v) as only sweetener, and those who will a sugared chewing gum containing Maltitol (23% w/v). The subjects will be instructed to chew a total of 6 pellets for 5 min divided into 3 intakes a day (2 in the morning, 2 after the midday meal and 2 in the afternoon) for one school-year. Clinical examination will comprise an oral examination in which caries index (ICDAS scores), bleeding on probing and plaque pH evaluation after sucrose challenge will be recorded at baseline (t0); clinical examination will be repeated after 12 months since the beginning of the chewing gum administration period (t1), after another 12 months period (t2) and finally after further 12 months (t3) (24 months from the end of the chewing gum use). The primary outcome will be the caries increment measured both at enamel and dentinal level on primary and permanent molars. Data analysis will be conducted through Kaplan-Meyer graphs to evaluate caries increment. A comparison of the methods will be carried-out with Cox regression with shared frailty. The net caries increment for initial, moderate and severe caries level, using ICDAS (Δ-initial, Δ-moderate and Δ-severe), will be calculated. Discussion: This trial will be the first trial in India assessing the effect of chewing gum containing only Xylitol as sweetener for caries prevention in children. Name of the registry Clinical trials.gov ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04420780 Registered June 9, 2020