bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of eco‐friendly chemical treatments of apple pomace for producing high quality molded pulp biocomposite
Authors: Lang Clara V. , Wang Taoran , Zhao Yanyun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEco‐friendly chemical treatments using citric acid (CA) and sodium bicarbonate were employed to remove pectin, hemicellulose, and extractives from apple pomace (AP) for improving AP fiber quality and maximizing its utilization in producing biocomposite boards with newspaper (NP) fibers (AP:NP ratio of 2:1) using molded pulp technique. CA treatment was further optimized at different pH and temperature and cellulose nanofiber (CNF, 0.15, 0.3% w/w pulp solids) was used as reinforcement agent to enhance mechanical property and water resistance of biocomposite boards. CA treatment improved AP fiber strength and cellulose content. AP treated by CA at pH 2.5 and 75°C with 0.15% CNF reinforcement produced AP/NP biocomposite board with high flexural strength, and dimension stability, and low density. Thermal analysis verified increased cellulose content, crystallinity, and thermal stability of CA treated AP fibers. This study provided new insight to improve fiber functionality and utilize AP for developing sustainable packaging.
Effect of polyalphaolefin oils as a solvent in gel‐spinning of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fibers
Authors: Da Silva Chagas Naiara Pirahi , De Fátima Vieira Marques Maria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, lubricants based on polyalphaolefin with different viscosities were evaluated in the processing of UHMWPE fibers. All fibers were obtained by extrusion with 0.04 to 60 wt% of polyalphaolefin oils with different kinematic viscosities and densities (in ascending order: PAO8, PAO40, and PAO100), under screw speed of 20 to 60 rpm with a nozzle of 1.82 mm diameter. Also, n‐hexane was used to extracting the oils from UHMWPE fibers. The fibers did not undergo the drawing process. It was observed that the fibers that underwent process with PAO40 showed the highest linear density, achieving 3273 tex, indicating the orientation of the crystals in a compact morphology inside the extruder and the higher relaxation after leaving the nozzle, increasing die‐swell. Microscopic analysis revealed roughness in fiber as the insertion of PAO100 oil increased, while fibers with PAO40 proved to be more densified. In addition, the fibers processed with PAO40 have an increase in thermal stability after n‐hexane extraction, with degradation temperature Tmax of 482°C in comparison with 476°C for the neat UHMWPE.
Hydrogen bonding induced enhancement for constructing anisotropic sugarcane composite hydrogels
Authors: Xu Rongnian , Zhao Xiaoduo , Ma Shuanhong , Ma Zhengfeng , Wang Rui , Cai Meirong , Zhou Feng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnisotropic hydrogels are appealing with their merits of similar biochemical and structural properties to the biological tissues. However, the mechanical properties of current anisotropic hydrogels need to be further improved. Herein, three kinds of novel anisotropic poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA), poly(acrylamide) (pAM), and poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) (p[AM‐co‐AA]) sugarcane composite hydrogels were prepared successfully by filling the hydrogel monomer precursor into porous aligned sugarcane nanofibers network and then performing subsequent free radical polymerization. The hydrogel matrix and sugarcane nanofibers network were combined closely together through hydrogen bonding interaction. The anisotropic sugarcane composite hydrogels exhibit good flexibility and elastic recovery properties upon encountering mechanical crimping and twisting. In typical case, the as‐prepared pHEMA sugarcane composite hydrogel can exhibit high anisotropic tensile strength of 2.37 and 0.54 MPa, while differential tear strength of 0.36 and 0.78 N/mm, along the parallel and vertical nanofibers directions. Finally, anisotropic lubrication behaviors were found and investigated systematically for those three kinds of sugarcane composite hydrogels when water was used as lubricant. Our current work proposes a simple and universal strategy for developing bioinspired anisotropic functional composite matters such as artificial skin, flexible sensor, and cartilage lubrication materials.
The effect of loading rate on the interfacial behavior of overmolded hybrid fiber reinforced polypropylene composites
Authors: Fu Liang , Jiang Bingyan , Ding Yudong , Wang Kui , Zhai Zhanyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the present work, the interfacial behavior of overmolded hybrid fiber reinforced polypropylene composites (hybrid composites) under the loading rate of 1, 10, and 100 mm/min are studied by experimental methods. The interfacial mechanical properties of hybrid composites are determined by monotonic and cycle loading‐unloading single‐lap‐shear tests. The experimental results reveal that interfacial shear strength increases with loading rate, while the shear stiffness shows insensitive to loading rate. A regression function is built to describe the variation of interfacial shear strength with loading rate. The cyclic loading‐unloading curves of hybrid composites samples indicate that loading rate effects on the interfacial nonlinear behavior of hybrid composites are considered by affecting plastic deformation. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and digital image correlation observations reveal the failure mechanisms of overmolded hybrid composites. The failure behavior of overmolded hybrid composites is mainly CFRT laminate failure for all cases. The evolution of non‐uniform strain fields indicates that the fracture of overmolded thermoplastic composites may initiate at the edges and spread out to the far fields.
Constructing RuCoOx/NC Nanosheets with Low Crystallinity within ZIF‐9 as Bifunctional Catalysts for Highly Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Tuo Yongxiao , Liu Wanli , Chen Chen , Lu Qing , Zhou Yan , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElectrocatalysts play a pivotal role in accelerating the sluggish electrochemical water splitting reaction. Herein, a Ru−Co oxides and carbon nitrides hybrid (RuCoOx/NC) electrocatalyst was constructed by employing ZIF‐9 to disperse Ru precursor and deliberately regulating the calcination temperature. The moderate calcination temperature results in the RuCoOxnanocomposites with small particle size and low crystallinity as well as the co‐existence of multi‐valence metal compounds, thus boosting the amount and species of active sites. Moreover, the strong interactions between Co and Ru species induce the electron transfer from Co to Ru, thus enhancing the adsorption of anion intermediates on the electron‐deficient Co species and the proton capturing capacity of electron‐sufficient Ru species. As a result, the optimized RuCoOx/NC‐350 catalyst behaved good electrocatalytic activities with 73 and 210 mV overpotential to achieve 10 mA cm−2for HER and OER, respectively. Remarkably, it showed good durability by holding at 100 mA cm−2for 100 h in HER and 50 mA cm−2for 24 h in OER with small activity decline. This study may shed new light on the rational construction of highly efficient Ru‐based catalysts for electrochemical water splitting.
Designing Nonfullerene Acceptors with Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Side Chains: Unraveling the Origin of Increased Open‐Circuit Voltage and Balanced Charge Carrier Mobilities
Authors: Cui Junjie , Park Jung‐Hwa , Kim Dong Won , Choi Min‐Woo , Chung Hae Yeon , Kwon Oh Kyu , Kwon Ji Eon , Park Soo Young 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite the recent rapid development of organic solar cells (OSCs), the low dielectric constant (ϵr=3–4) of organic semiconducting materials limits their performance lower than inorganic and perovskite solar cells. In this work, we introduce oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains into the dicyanodistyrylbenzene‐based non‐fullerene acceptors (NIDCS) to increase its ϵr up to 5.4. In particular, a NIDCS acceptor bearing two triethylene glycol chains (NIDCS‐EO3) shows VOC as high as 1.12 V in an OSC device with a polymer donor PTB7, which is attributed to reduced exciton binding energy of the blend film. Also, the larger size grain formation with well‐ordered stacking structure of the NIDCS‐EO3 blend film leads to the increased charge mobility and thus to the improved charge mobility balance, resulting in higher JSC, FF, and PCE in the OSC device compared to those of a device using the hexyl chain‐based NIDCS acceptor (NIDCS‐HO). Finally, we fabricate NIDCS‐EO3 devices with various commercial donors including P3HT, DTS‐F, and PCE11 to show higher photovoltaic performance than the NIDCS‐HO devices, suggesting versatility of NIDCS‐EO3.
The Stability of Diphosphino‐Boryl PBP Pincer Backbone: PBP to POP Ligand Hydrolysis
Authors: Fang Fei , Xue Man‐Man , Ding Man , Zhang Jie , Li Shujun , Chen Xuenian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSince moisture may frequently be present in many solvents, it is important to know the reactivity of a catalyst against water for catalytic reactions. In order to explore the stability and understand the transformation process of diphosphino‐boryl‐based PBP pincer platform, [PdCl{B(NCH2PtBu2)2−o‐C6H4}] (1) was treated with PdCl2, HB(NCH2PPh2)2−o‐C6H4 was reacted with [PdCl2(cod)] (cod=cyclo‐octa‐1,5‐diene) and [Pd2(dba)3] (dba=dibenzylideneacetone), respectively, in the presence of water. Some novel palladium POP complexes, [Pd2Cl2(μ‐Cl){μ‐κ3‐P,O,P−OB(NCH2PtBu2)2−o‐C6H4}] (2 a), [Pd4(μ‐Cl)2(μ‐O)2{μ‐κ3‐P,O,P−OB(NCH2PPh2)2−o‐C6H4}2] (2 b), [Pd2{μ‐κ4‐P,P,P,P−O(B(NCH2PPh2)2−o‐C6H4)2}{μ‐κ2‐P,P−(NHCH2PPh2)2−o‐C6H4}] (3), were obtained. It was found that the PBP pincer backbone can easily be converted into a POP backbone in the presence of water. From the crystal structures of the resultant palladium complexes, possible pincer backbone transformation pathways were discussed.
Heritability of quantitative autism spectrum traits in adults: A family‐based study
Authors: Taylor Sara C. , Steeman Samantha , Gehringer Brielle N. , Dow Holly C. , Langer Allison , Rawot Eric , Perez Leat , Goodman Matthew , Smernoff Zoe , Grewal Mahip , Eshraghi Oceania , Pallathra Ashley A. , Oksas Catherine , Mendez Melissa , Gur Ruben C. , Rader Daniel J. , Bucan Maja , Almasy Laura , Brodkin Edward S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a multi‐dimensional set of quantitative behavioral traits expressed along a continuum in autistic and neurotypical individuals. ASD diagnosis—a dichotomous trait—is known to be highly heritable and has been used as the phenotype for most ASD genetic studies. But less is known about the heritability of autism spectrum quantitative traits, especially in adults, an important prerequisite for gene discovery. We sought to measure the heritability of many autism‐relevant quantitative traits in adults high in autism spectrum traits and their extended family members. Among adults high in autism spectrum traits (n = 158) and their extended family members (n = 245), we calculated univariate and bivariate heritability estimates for 19 autism spectrum traits across several behavioral domains. We found nearly all tested autism spectrum quantitative traits to be significantly heritable (h2 = 0.24–0.79), including overall ASD traits, restricted repetitive behaviors, broader autism phenotype traits, social anxiety, and executive functioning. The degree of shared heritability varied based on method and specificity of the assessment measure. We found high shared heritability for the self‐report measures and for most of the informant‐report measures, with little shared heritability among performance‐based cognition tasks. These findings suggest that many autism spectrum quantitative traits would be good, feasible candidates for future genetics studies, allowing for an increase in the power of autism gene discovery. Our findings suggest that the degree of shared heritability between traits depends on the assessment method (self‐report vs. informant‐report vs. performance‐based tasks), as well as trait‐specificity.Lay SummaryWe found that the scores from questionnaires and tasks measuring different types of behaviors and abilities related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were heritable (strongly influenced by gene variants passed down through a family) among autistic adults and their family members. These findings mean that these scores can be used in future studies interested in identifying specific genes and gene variants that are associated with different behaviors and abilities related with ASD.
Complete genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis of the extremely halophilic archaea, Haloterrigena daqingensis
Authors: Wang Shuang , Narsing Rao Manik Prabhu , Wei Dan , Sun Lei , Fang Bao‐Zhu , Li Wei‐Qun , Yu Li‐Hong , Li Wen‐Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the present study, we report the complete genome sequencing of Haloterrigena daqingensis species. The genome of H. daqingensis JX313T consisted of a circular chromosome with three plasmids. The genome size and G+C content were estimated to be 3835796 bp and 61.7%, respectively. A total of 4158 genes were predicted with six rRNAs and 45 tRNAs. Metabolic pathway analysis suggests that H. daqingensis JX313T codes for all the necessary genes responsible to sustain its life at saline environment. The pan‐genome analysis suggests that the number of singleton‐gene between H. daqingensis and other Haloterrigena species varied. The study not only helps us understand H. daqingensis strategy for dealing with high stress, but it also provides an overview of its genomic makeup.
Development of a novel noninvasive quantitative method to monitor Siraitia grosvenorii cell growth and browning degree using an integrated computer‐aided vision technology and machine learning
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng , Mohsin Ali , Zaman Waqas Qamar , Liu Zebo , Wang Zejian , Yu Zhihong , Tian Xiwei , Zhuang Yingping , Guo Meijin , Chu Ju 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe rapid, accurate and noninvasive detection of biomass and plant cell browning can provide timely feedback on cell growth in plant cell culture. In this study, Siraitia grosvenorii suspension cells were taken as an example, a phenotype analysis platform was successfully developed to predict the biomass and the degree of cell browning based on the color changes of cells in computer‐aided vision technology. First, a self‐made laboratory system was established to obtain images. Then, matrices were prepared from digital images by a self‐developed high‐throughput image processing tool. Finally, classification models were used to judge different cell types, and then a semi‐supervised classification to predict different degrees of cell browning. Meanwhile, regression models were developed to predict the plant cell mass. All models were verified with a good agreement by biological experiments. Therefore, this method can be applied for low‐cost biomass estimation and browning degree quantification in plant cell culture.
Transformation of lignocellulose to starch‐like carbohydrates by organic acid‐catalyzed pretreatment and biological detoxification
Authors: Zhang Bin , Khushik Faryal A. , Zhan Baorui , Bao Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCorn dry milling provides a mature model for lignocellulose biorefinery process. To copy this technical success, a crucial step is to transform lignocellulose into starch‐like carbohydrates (SLC), similar to milled corn grain and in a similar fashion to corn dry milling. The transformation process should be zero wastewater generation and sufficient fermentable sugar conservation; the product should be in solid particle form, free of toxic residues, and high enzymatic hydrolysis yield and fermentability. Here we designed and verified a SLC transformation process by (i) biodegradable oxalic acid‐catalyzed pretreatment, and (ii) simultaneous biodegradation of inhibitors and oxalic acid catalyst. The oxalic acid catalyst was effective on disrupting the lignocellulose structure and also biodegradable at low pH value. The biodetoxification fungusPaecilomyces variotiiFN89 was capable of degrading the furan/phenolic aldehydes and oxalic acid simultaneously and ultimately, while the fermentable sugars were well preserved. The obtained SLC from wheat straw and corn stover were similar to dry milled corn meal in terms of morphological properties, fermentable sugar contents, enzymatic hydrolysis yield, elemental contents, and free of inhibitors and acid catalyst. The bioconversion of starch‐like wheat straw and corn stover produced 78.5 and 75.3 g/L of ethanol (9.9% and 9.5%, v/v) with the yield of 0.47 and 0.45 g ethanol/g cellulose/xylose, respectively, compared with 78.7 g/L (10.0%, v/v) from corn meal and the yield of 0.48 g ethanol/g starch. Mass balances suggest that the ethanol yield, wastewater generation, and elemental recycling of the SLC from lignocellulose were essentially the same as those of corn meal.
Cardiotoxicity screening of long‐term, breast cancer survivors—The CAROLE (Cardiac‐Related Oncologic Late Effects) Study
Authors: Puckett Lindsay L. , Saba Shahryar G. , Henry Sonia , Rosen Stacey , Rooney Elise , Filosa Samaria L. , Gilbo Philip , Pappas Karalyn , Laxer Alison , Eacobacci Katherine , Kapyur Amitha N. , Robeny Justin , Musial Samantha , Chaudhry Anisha , Chaudhry Rahul , Lesser Martin L. , Riegel Adam , Ramoutarpersaud Sariah , Rahmani Navid , Shah Amar , Papas Vivian , Dawodu Toluwani , Charlton Jessica , Knisely Jonathan P. S. , Lee Lucille 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term breast cancer survivors are at risk for cardiotoxicity after treatment, but there is insufficient evidence to provide long‐term (~10 years) cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening recommendations. We sought to evaluate a tri‐modality CVD screening approach.MethodsThis single‐arm, feasibility study enrolled 201 breast cancer patients treated ≥6 years prior without CVD at diagnosis. Patients were sub‐grouped: cardiotoxic (left‐sided) radiation (RT), cardiotoxic (anthracycline‐based) chemotherapy, both cardiotoxic chemotherapy and RT, and neither cardiotoxic treatment. Patients underwent electrocardiogram (EKG), transthoracic echocardiogram with strain (TTE with GLS), and coronary artery calcium computed tomography (CAC CT). The primary endpoint was preclinical or clinical CVD.ResultsMedian age was 50 (29–65) at diagnosis and 63 (37–77) at imaging; median interval was 11.5 years (6.7–14.5). Among sub‐groups, 44% had no cardiotoxic treatment, 31.5% had cardiotoxic RT, 16% had cardiotoxic chemotherapy, and 8.5% had both. Overall, 77.6% showed preclinical and/or clinical CVD and 51.5% showed clinical CVD. Per modality, rates of any CVD and clinical CVD were, respectively: 27.1%/10.0% on EKG, 50.0%/25.3% on TTE with GLS, and 50.8%/45.8% on CAC CT. No statistical difference was seen among the treatment subgroups (NS, χ2 test, p = 0.58/p = 0.15).ConclusionThis study identified a high incidence of CVD in heterogenous long‐term breast cancer survivors, most >10 years post‐treatment. Over half had clinical CVD findings warranting follow‐up and/or intervention. Each imaging test independently contributed to the detection rate. This provides early evidence that long‐term cardiac screening may be of value to a wider group of breast cancer survivors than previously recognized.
Nematicidal and Molecular Docking Investigation of Essential Oils from Pogostemon cablin Ecotypes against Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Keerthiraj M. , Mandal Abhishek , Dutta Tushar Kanti , Saha Supradip , Dutta Anirban , Singh Anupama , Kundu Aditi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRoot‐knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most destructive nematodes worldwide. Essential oils (EOs) are being extensively utilized as eco‐benign bionematicides, although the precise mechanism of action remains unclear. Pogostemon cablin Benth. is well‐known as “Patchouli”. It is native to South East Asia and known for ethno‐pharmacological properties. In this study, chemical composition and potential nematicidal effect of EOs hydrodistilled from the leaves of P. cablin grown at three different locations in India were comprehensively investigated to correlate their mechanism of action for target specific binding affinities toward nematode proteins. Aromatic volatile Pogostemon essential oils (PEO) from Northern India (PEO‐NI), Southern India (PEO‐SI) and North Eastern India (PEO‐NEI) were analyzed by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) to characterize forty volatile compounds. Maximum thirty‐three components were identified in PEO‐NEI. Sesquiterpenes were predominant with higher content of α‐guaiene (2.3–24.4 %), patchoulol (6.1–32.7 %) and α‐bulnesene (5.9–27.1 %). Patchoulol was the major component in PEO‐SI (32.7±1.2 %) and PEO‐NEI (29.2±1.1 %), while α‐guaiene in PEO‐NI (24.4±1.2 %). In vitro nematicidal assay revealed significant nematicidal action (LC50 44.6–87.0 μg mL−1) against juveniles of M. incognita within 24 h exposure. Mortality increases with increasing time to 48 h (LC50 33.6–71.6 μg mL−1) and 72 h (LC50 27.7–61.2 μg mL−1). Molecular modelling and in silico studies revealed multi‐modal inhibitive action of α‐bulnesene (−22 to −13 kJ mol−1) and α‐guaiene (−22 to −12 kJ mol−1) against three target proteins namely, acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), odorant response gene‐1 (ODR1), odorant response gene‐3 (ODR3). Most preferable binding mechanism was observed against AChE due to pi‐alkyl, pi‐sigma, and hydrophobic interactions. Structure nematicidal activity relationship suggested the presence of hydroxy group for nematicidal activity is nonessential, rather highly depends on synergistic composition of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons.
Recent Advance on Chemistry and Bioactivities of Secondary Metabolites from Viburnum Plants: An Update
Authors: Chen Jia , Zhao Zi‐Yang , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Shao Jian‐Hua , Zhao Chun‐Chao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractViburnum species are a group of small trees or shrubs that are of great ornamental and medicinal values. Some of them have been used for a long time both as conventional and ethnic medicine. Viburnum fruits, eaten in fresh and processed forms, have been revealed to contain various health‐promoting nutrients. With the increasing research on Viburnum plants, they are considered to be an abundant resource of bioactive natural products possessing diverse pharmacological properties and unique chemical structures, that is powerfully proved by the existence of structurally novel vibsane‐type diterpenoids which only occur in Viburnum species, newly discovered lignan constituents with unusual side chains and other noteworthy natural components. This review describes 185 new and 228 known secondary metabolites from Viburnum genus between 2008 and 2020, including their chemical structures, sources and bioactivities, and highlights the corresponding structure‐activity relationships.
Recurrent ovarian steroid cell tumour not otherwise specified: A case report
Authors: Baharudin Azmaniza , Mohammad Mazniza'in , Abdullah Munirah , Aliyas Ismail , Mohd Noor Mohd Rushdan , Yazid Mohd Nazri , Chin Jian Yuan Victor , Jamil Amilia Afzan binti Mohd 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSteroid cell tumors not otherwise specified are one of the rare virilizing ovarian tumors. Most of the tumors are benign. This case report illustrates the challenge in managing steroid cell tumor not otherwise specified, which starts from determining its malignant potential, surveillance, and adjuvant treatment option.
Schistosoma gallbladder polyp masquerading as a neoplasm: Rare case report and literature review
Authors: Ali Gawahir A. , Goravey Wael , Al‐Bozom Issam , Al Maslamani Muna A. , Abdel Hadi Hamad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSchistosomiasis affecting the gastrointestinal tract is common in tropical and subtropical areas but associated polyps presenting as gallbladder pathology are rare clinical entities necessitating high clinical suspicion.