bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FISIKOKIMIA MADU MULTIFLORA ASAL RIAU DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI Escherichia coli DAN Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hasan Akhmad Endang Zainal , Herawati Heny , Purnomo Purnomo , Amalia Lathifah 
Published: July 2021

Madu merupakan cairan alami yang telah banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat luas. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi karakteristik madu multiflora asal Riau secara fisik maupun kimiawi sesuai dengan standar Nasional serta efektifitasnya terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylocccus aureus. Hasil yang diperoleh terdapat 2 madu dari 12 sampel madu memiliki karakteristik sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) yaitu madu PLW1 dan RHU4. Madu yang terpilih berdasarkan parameter kadar air, HMF, kadar gula pereduksi, serta kadar abu adalah RHU4, PLW1, RHI2 dan RHI1. Madu RHU4 memiliki kadar air terendah sebesar 16.45% dan madu RHI2 sebesar 20.56%. Madu RHU4 memiliki kadar abu paling rendah sebesar 0.01% dan tertinggi madu RHI2 sebesar 1.01%. Madu dengan kadar gula pereduksi terendah adalah madu RHI1 sebesar 69.41% dan tertinggi madu BKL1 sebesar 95.37%. Madu RHI1 memiliki kadar HMF yang paling rendah yaitu 0.70 dan tertinggi madu RHU1 yaitu 82.67. Zona hambat paling kecil untuk Staphylococcus aureus yaitu sebesar 7.84 mm pada madu RHI1 20% sedangkan Zona hambat terbesar pada madu RHI2 80% sebesar 19.25 mm. Zona hambat terkecil Escherichia coli pada madu RHI1 konsentrasi 40% sebesar 1.22 mm, sedangkan zona hambat terbesar pada madu PLW1 60% sebesar 4.58 mm.ABSTRACTHoney is a natural liquid that has been widely used by the public. The purpose of this study was to identify physical and chemical characteristics of multiflora honey from Riau in accordance with National standards and its effectiveness against Escherichia coli and Staphylocccus aureus. The results obtained were 2 honeys from 12 honey samples having characteristics in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), namely PLW1 and RHU4 honey. The selected honey based on parameters of moisture content, HMF, reducing sugar content, and ash content are RHU4, PLW1, RHI2 and RHI1. RHU4 honey has the lowest water content of 16.45% and RHI2 honey of 20.56%. RHU4 honey has the lowest ash content of 0.01% and the highest RHI2 honey of 1.01%. The honey with the lowest reducing sugar content was RHI1 honey at 69.41% and the highest was BKL1 honey at 95.37%. RHI1 honey had the lowest HMF content of 0.70 and the highest was RHU1 honey, namely 82.67. The smallest inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus was 7.84 mm for 20% RHI1 honey, while the largest inhibition zone for RHI2 80% honey was 19.25 mm. The smallest inhibition zone of Escherichia coli in RHI1 honey with a concentration of 40% was 1.22 mm, while the largest inhibition zone in PLW1 60% honey was 4.58 mm.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK ASHITABA TERHADAP KADAR SERUM GLUTAMIC OXALOACETIC TRANSAMINASE DAN SERUM GLUTAMIC PYRUVIC TRANSAMINASE PADA TIKUS DENGAN LUKA BAKAR
Authors: Johan Andrew - , Oktavia Regina , Batubara Lusiana , Ngestiningsih Dwi , Jusup Innawati 
Published: July 2021

Background: Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) are increased in tissue damage. Ashitaba contains many compounds that can reduce serum SGOT and SGPT levels.
Objective: This study was proposed to prove that giving Ashitaba extract could reduce serum SGOT and SGPT levels in rats exposed to burn injury.
Methods: This study used a posttest only control group design with 20 rats as samples. All research samples were treated with second-degree burns and were divided into 2 different groups, the treatment group (given Ashitaba extract 300 mg /kg BW) and the control group. The blood serum was analyzed for SGOT and SGPT test on the 2nd, 8th, and 14th days. For statistical analysis, the Wilcoxon test used to analyze the levels of serum SGOT and SGPT.
Results: There was no significant difference in serum SGOT and SGPT levels between the control and treatment groups on the 2nd, 8th, and 14th days
Conclusion: Ashitaba extract could not reduce serum SGOT and SGPT levels in rats exposed to burn injury.
Cross-linguistic differences in parafoveal semantic and orthographic processing
Authors: Fernandez Leigh B. , Scheepers Christoph , Allen Shanley E. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study we investigated parafoveal processing by L1 and late L2 speakers of English (L1 German) while reading in English. We hypothesized that L2ers would make use of semantic and orthographic information parafoveally. Using the gaze contingent boundary paradigm, we manipulated six parafoveal masks in a sentence (Mark found th*e wood for the fire; * indicates the invisible boundary): identical word mask (wood), English orthographic mask (wook), English string mask (zwwl), German mask (holz), German orthographic mask (holn), and German string mask (kxfs). We found an orthographic benefit for L1ers and L2ers when the mask was orthographically related to the target word (wood vs. wook) in line with previous L1 research. English L2ers did not derive a benefit (rather an interference) when a non-cognate translation mask from their L1 was used (wood vs. holz), but did derive a benefit from a German orthographic mask (wood vs. holn). While unexpected, it may be that L2ers incur a switching cost when the complete German word is presented parafoveally, and derive a benefit by keeping both lexicons active when a partial German word is presented parafoveally (narrowing down lexical candidates). To the authors’ knowledge there is no mention of parafoveal processing in any model of L2 processing/reading, and the current study provides the first evidence for a parafoveal non-cognate orthographic benefit (but only with partial orthographic overlap) in sentence reading for L2ers. We discuss how these findings fit into the framework of bilingual word recognition theories.
The Effect of Environmental Performance, Leverage and Company Size Towards Carbon Emission Disclosure on Rated Proper Company in 2015-2018
Authors: Widianto Indra , Sari Dian Purnama 
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Carbon emission disclosure is a form of communication that is important and necessary to fulfil the needs and interests of information to the company’s stakeholders. That statement is caused by stakeholder theory, when the company conducts its operational company can’t focus on company purposes or interests only, but company must pay attention to the stakeholder’s interests and provide benefits for stakeholder which can be done by disclosing financial and non-financial information included carbon emission disclosure as a form of corporate responsibility to stakeholders.
The purpose of this research is to analyze and provide empirical evidence about the effect of environmental performance, leverage and company size against carbon emission disclosure on rated PROPER company in 2015-2018. This research is a form of quantitative research with hypothesis testing. Technique used for data analysis is multiple linear regression. The results of this research explained that environmental performance and company size has positive and significant effect on carbon emission disclosure. On the other hand, leverage has no effect on carbon emission disclosure.
Keywords: carbon emission disclosure, environmental performance, leverage, company size.
The Impact of Tax, Exchange Rate, Tunneling Incentive and Firm Size on Transfer Pricing (Empirical Study of Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for Years2014-2018)
Authors: Wijaya Felicia Vanessa , Widianingsih Luky Patricia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract: In the era of globalization, companies are developing into multinational companies that establish branches or subsidiaries in various countries. This globalization has given an impact to increase international transaction. These transactions could lead to transactions with related parties that shows an indication of transfer pricing. Along with the development of globalization, factors affecting transfer pricing are not only derived from taxes, but also from other factors. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of tax, exchange rate, tunneling incentive, and firm size on transfer pricing. This research used secondary data in the form of annual reports published on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Population of this research was manufacturing companies for years 2014-2018 and by purposive sampling method, a sample of 19 manufacturing companies was obtained. Analysis technique used on this research was a multiple linear regression using SPSS 23 application. The result shows that tax, tunneling incentive, firm size have significant effect on transfer pricing, while exchange rate does not take any effect on transfer pricing. Adjusted R2 determination coefficient of 32,8% shows transfer pricing is affected by tax, exchange rate, tunneling incentive, and firm size, while remaining 67,2% is affected by other variables outside research model.
Keywords: Transfer Pricing; Tax; Exchange Rate; Tunneling Incentive; Firm Size.
Observational Consequences of Shallow-water Magnetohydrodynamics on Hot Jupiters
Authors: Hindle A. W. , Bushby P. J. , Rogers T. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We use results of shallow-water magnetohydrodynamics to place estimates on the minimum magnetic field strengths required to cause atmospheric wind variations (and therefore westward-venturing hotspots) for a data set of hot Jupiters (HJs), including HAT-P-7b, CoRoT-2b, Kepler-76, WASP-12b, and WASP-33b, on which westward hotspots have been observationally inferred. For HAT-P-7b and CoRoT-2b our estimates agree with past results; for Kepler-76b we find that the critical dipolar magnetic field strength, over which the observed wind variations can be explained by magnetism, lies between 4 G and 19 G; for WASP-12b and WASP-33b westward hotspots can be explained by 1 G and 2 G dipolar fields, respectively. Additionally, to guide future observational missions, we identify 61 further HJs that are likely to exhibit magnetically driven atmospheric wind variations and predict these variations are highly likely in ∼40 of the hottest HJs.
Evidence of Early-stage Tidal Structures of Open Clusters Revealed by Kinematics with Gaia EDR3
Authors: Li Yezhang , Pang Xiaoying , Tang Shih-Yun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Blanco 1, a 100 Myr open cluster in the solar neighborhood, is well known for its two 50 pc long tidal tails. Taking Blanco 1 as a reference, we find evidence of early-stage tidal disruption in two other open clusters of ∼120 Myr: the Pleiades and NGC 2516, via Gaia EDR3 data. These two clusters have a total mass of 2–6 times that of Blanco 1. Despite having a similar age as Blanco 1, the Pleiades and NGC 2516 have a larger fraction of their members bound: 86% of their mass is inside the tidal radius, versus 63% for Blanco 1. However, a correlation between Blanco 1's 50 pc long tidal tails and the “kinematic tails” in velocity space is also found for the Pleiades and NGC 2516. This evidence supports the idea that the modest elongation seen in the spatial distribution for the Pleiades and NGC 2516 is a result of early-stage tidal disruption.
Propagation of Vertical Fractures through Planetary Ice Shells: The Role of Basal Fractures at the Ice–Ocean Interface and Proximal Cracks
Authors: Walker Catherine C. , Bassis Jeremy N. , Schmidt Britney E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The presence of smooth, young surfaces indicates that regions of Enceladus and Europa have been resurfaced through recent or ongoing activity related to the eruption of liquid water from subsurface reservoirs. For interior material to erupt or flow out onto the surfaces of these satellites, fractures would have to vertically penetrate the ice shell to the depth of a subsurface reservoir or ocean. Here we use linear elastic fracture mechanics to show that accounting for fracture interactions makes it much more difficult for fractures to penetrate the entire ice shell than previous estimates. We found that fractures that originate from the surface are unlikely to penetrate the entire shell thickness, even for the upper range of tectonic stresses estimated for each moon. Tensile fractures that initiate from the bottom of the icy shell—as observed in terrestrial ice shelves—propagate further into the icy shell than surface crevasses but still do not penetrate the entire ice thickness. However, full ice shell thickness fracture is possible if shear failure connects the surface with deep-penetrating basal fractures in thinner ice shell thicknesses and under certain stress conditions. This suggests that the combination of tensile and shear failure may be important and necessary for the formation of a connection from the surface to the ocean below.
Implementation of Lean Six Sigma for production process optimization in a paper production company
Authors: Adeodu Adefemi , Kanakana-Katumba Mukondeleli Grace , Rendani Maladzhi 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This study aimed at implementing lean six sigma to evaluate the productivity and manufacturing waste in the production line of a paper companyMethodology/Approach: The study is a case study in nature. The method illustrates how lean six sigma (LSS) is used to evaluate the existing production process in a paper production company with focus on productivity and manufacturing waste. The study considered a real-time problem of customer’s dissatisfaction. The gathered data is based on machine functionality (up time, down time and cycle time); materials and labour flow at every process stages of the production line. The optimization of the production process was based on lean tools like value stream mapping, process cycle efficiency, Kaizen, 5S and pareto chartFindings: Based on lean six sigma application, it was discovered that the present production performance was below standard and more manufacturing wastes were generated. The present productivity and manufacturing wastes are reported as low process cycle efficiency (23.4 %), low takt time (4.11 sec), high lead time (43200sec), high number of products not conforming to six sigma values, high down time (32.64 %) and excess labour flow (33). After the implementation of the lean six sigma tools for certain period of time, there are lots of improvements in the production line in terms of all the parameters considered.Research Limitation/ Implications: The study has demonstrated an application of lean six sigma in the case of solving real-time problems of productivity and manufacturing wastes which have a direct implication on customer’s satisfaction. The lesson learned and implications presented can still be further modeled using some lean based software for validityOriginality/Value: The study has contributed to the body of knowledge in the field of LSS with focus to process based manufacturing, unlike most literature in the field concentrate more on discrete based manufacturing.
The Proteome of Preretinal Tissue in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Miller Charles G. , Henderson Matthew , Mantopoulos Dimosthenis , Leskov Ilya , Greco Todd , Schwarzbauer Jean E. , Prenner Jonathan L. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the leading cause of retinal detachment repair failure. However, the molecular pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Determining the proteome of PVR will help to identify novel therapeutic targets.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Preretinal tissue samples, delaminated during surgery from six PVR cases and one idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Tandem mass spectra were extracted using the UniProt database, generating a list of 896 proteins, which were subjected to pathway set and fold-change (ERM vs PVR) analyses.

RESULTS:
Two pathways were enriched in PVR: extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and extracellular structure organization. A fold-change analysis comparing mean total spectral counts from PVR to an ERM control identified fibronectin, the ECM glycoprotein, as the protein most significantly elevated in PVR compared to ERM.

CONCLUSION:
These data identify pathwayskey to PVR progression, including thoseinvolved in cell-mediated ECM assembly and thus tractional force generation at the cellular level.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:S5–S12.]
Systemic Immunosuppression and Risk of Endophthalmitis After Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injections
Authors: Patel Samir N. , Storey Philip P. , Kim Julie S. , Obeid Anthony , Pancholy Maitri , Hsu Jason , Garg Sunir J. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the impact of systemic immunosuppressive therapy on the rates and outcomes of endophthalmitis following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective, single-center, comparative cohort study examining eyes undergoing intravitreal anti-VEGF injections from January 2016 to September 2019. Cohorts were created based on concurrent immunosuppressive therapy at time of injection.

RESULTS:

Of 270,347 anti-VEGF injections administered, 1,300 injections (0.48%) were administered while on systemic immunosuppressive therapy. The odds of endophthalmitis occurring in the immunosuppression group was 9.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0–24.3;
P
< .001) times higher than the no-immunosuppression group. Symptom onset occurred 2.51 (95% CI, 0.15–4.870;
P
= .040) days earlier in the immunosuppression cohort; visual acuity at 6 months after treatment was similar in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients on systemic immunosuppressive medications undergoing intravitreal injections may be at increased risk for post-injection endophthalmitis and may have earlier symptom onset. However, visual outcomes were similar between the two groups.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:S17–S22.]
Selective Photocoagulation of Capillary Macroaneurysms by Navigated Focal Laser
Authors: Amoroso Francesca , Pedinielli A. , Colantuono D. , Jung C. , Capuano V. , Souied E. H. , Miere Alexandra 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the anatomical and functional outcome of selective photocoagulation of capillary macroaneurysms (CMAs) by navigated focal laser.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Consecutive patients with solitary or secondary CMAs greater than 150 mm in diameter were included in this analysis. All patients were treated with navigated focal laser and received multimodal imaging.

RESULTS:

Seventeen eyes of 17 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Navigated laser photocoagulation of the CMAs successfully occluded 100% of the CMAs, inducing significative improvement in best-corrected visual acuity at 3 (
P
= .002) and 6 months (
P
= .001) and a decrease in central macular thickness (CMT) at 3 (
P
= .0004) and 6 months (
P
= .0004).

CONCLUSIONS:
Solitary or secondary CMAs arising from retinal capillaries are candidates for navigated laser treatment. Navigated focal treatment was able to close all CMAs in this series with an improvement in vision and CMT.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:366–373.]
IOP Elevation in Patients Treated With Fluocinolone Acetonide Insert for Chronic Noninfectious Uveitis Affecting the Posterior Segment
Authors: Singer Michael A. , Krambeer Chelsey , Paggiarino Dario 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Characterize timing of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in patients treated with fluocinolone acetonide insert (FAi) for uveitis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A post-hoc subset analysis of data from a randomized, prospective, double-masked, sham-controlled, 3-year, phase 3 clinical trial with 129 participants with noninfectious posterior uveitis randomly assigned to receive 0.18-mg fluocinolone acetonide insert or sham injection. The number of eyes with IOP of 30 mm Hg or greater at different time points were recorded.

RESULTS:

The incidence of FAi eyes that reached IOP 30 mm Hg or greater was 17.2%. The mean number of days to first IOP response was 241. IOP elevations were divided into four time periods: under 1 month (33%), 3 to 6 months (33%), 6 to 18 months (26.7%), and greater than 18 months (6.7%). Ten cases of elevated IOP were managed medically and five required surgical management. Visual field analysis revealed no significant change in mean deviation compared to patients' own, untreated eyes (
P
> .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
IOP elevations occurred in 15 out of 87 patients treated with the FAi. The onset of elevated IOP was fairly evenly distributed across the 36-month trial. Patients should be regularly evaluated for increased IOP, which can be successfully managed by traditional means.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:387–390.]
Deciphering the Interaction between Neonatal Fc Receptor and Antibodies Using a Homogeneous Bioluminescent Immunoassay
Authors: Nath Nidhi , Godat Becky , Flemming Rod , Urh Marjeta 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Long half-life of therapeutic Abs and Fc fusion proteins is crucial to their efficacy and is, in part, regulated by their interaction with neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). However, the current methods (e.g., surface plasmon resonance and biolayer interferometry) for measurement of interaction between IgG and FcRn (IgG/FcRn) require either FcRn or IgG to be immobilized on the surface, which is known to introduce experimental artifacts and have led to conflicting data. To study IgG/FcRn interactions in solution, without a need for surface immobilization, we developed a novel (to our knowledge), solution-based homogeneous binding immunoassay based on NanoBiT luminescent protein complementation technology. We optimized the assay (NanoBiT FcRn assay) for human FcRn, mouse FcRn, rat FcRn, and cynomolgus FcRn and used them to determine the binding affinities of a panel of eight Abs. Assays could successfully capture the modulation in IgG/FcRn binding based on changes in Fc fragment of the Abs. We also looked at the individual contribution of Fc and F(ab)2 on the IgG/FcRn interaction and found that Fc is the main driver for the interaction at pH 6. Our work highlights the importance of using orthogonal methods to validate affinity data generated using biosensor platforms. Moreover, the simple add-and-read format of the NanoBiT FcRn assay is amenable for high-throughput screening during early Ab discovery phase.
Pain and Depression among Adult Outpatients with Osteoarthritis in Nigeria
Authors: Chimbo Chijioke , Oriji Sunday O. , Erohubie Paul O. , James Bawo O. , Lawani Ambrose O. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Arthritis is a degenerative joint disease with many forms, but osteoarthritis is most common resulting from trauma or infection to the joint or aging. Depressive disorders often go undiagnosed especially in chronic physical illnesses like osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritic pain is associated with a high risk of depressive illness. This study evaluated the prevalence of major depression and its relationship with physical pain among patients with osteoarthritis.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study involving 134 adult outpatients, with osteoarthritis at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. The demographic profile, subjective pain intensity, and diagnosis of major depression were obtained with a sociodemographic questionnaire, Visual Analog Pain Scale, and depressive module of Composite International Diagnostic Interview, respectively.

Results:
Thirty-seven (27.61%) and 40 (29.85%) participants had current and 12-month depressive disorder, respectively. A unit (year) increase in the illness duration was associated with a 68% increase in the likelihood of having depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.68,P= 0.044), while the presence of comorbidity was the only independent correlate of 12-month depression among the participants (aOR 0.11,P= 0.031). Subjective pain severity had no independent correlation with depressive disorder.

Conclusion:
Major depression is prevalent among patients with osteoarthritis. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion of depressive disorder, especially in the presence of medical comorbidities and longer duration of illness.