bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting local and regional seismic events using the data-adaptive method at the VAF seismograph station in Finland
Authors: Tarvainen Matti 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The data-adaptive autoregressive (hereafter DA) method was used to detect local and regional seismic events using digital data from the Vaasa (VAF) station with co-ordinates (62.3°N, 22.2°E) in western Finland.
The seismic signal and the noise were assumed to have been normally distributed stochastic processes with a zero mean. The parameters of these processes were then adapted on the change of the registered signal as a function of time within a predefined detection window.
The accuracy of the method presented is compared with the STA/LTA and visual methods. When the same detection threshold was used with the DA detector and the STA/LTA detector, it was found that the DA detector was more precise in detecting the onsets of seismic events. Bandpass (1.5 to 20 Hz) filtering was used in all the events discussed. This was done to reject the long-period microseismic noise. In one case, the detector was used on nonfiltered as well as filtered data, in order to show coinciding results.
Horizontal deformation associated with the Loma Prieta earthquake
Authors: Snay R. A. , Neugebauer H. C. , Prescott W. H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCo-seismic horizontal displacements for the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake were derived from preseismic triangulation/trilateration observations and post-seismic GPS observations. As part of this process, the empirical model entitled TDP-H91 was applied to “correct” the preseismic measurements for the crustal motion that occurred during the seven decades spanned by these data. These newly derived displacements were combined with previously documented geodetic results to generate a dislocation model for the earthquake. Our preferred model consists of a vertically segmented rupture surface represented by two rectangles that share a common edge at a depth of 9 km. The upper rectangle dips 90° and the lower rectangle dips 70°SW. Via a trial-and-error technique, the following estimates were found for the remaining parameters: strike = 134.4 ± 0.7°, fault length = 32.4 ± 0.7 km, upper depth = 4.8 ± 0.1 km, lower depth = 15.1 ± 0.3 km, right-lateral strike slip = 1.86 ± 0.06 m for the upper rectangle and 1.96 ± 0.13 m for the lower rectangle, and thrusting dip slip = 1.06 ± 0.06 m for the upper rectangle and 2.30 ± 0.18 m for the lower rectangle.
Estimation of ground motion at deep-soil sites in eastern North America
Authors: Boore David M. , Joyner William B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe stochastic model used previously to estimate motions at hard-rock sites in eastern North America has been modified to include the effect of deep soils. We simulated motions for a number of distances and magnitudes for a representative soil column and used these motions to derive equations giving ground motion as a simple function of magnitude and distance. These new equations are intended for use in building codes and those engineering applications that do not require detailed site evaluations. The ground motions for which we derived equations include 5%-damped response spectra at 13 periods ranging from 0.05 to 4 sec, peak acceleration and the maximum pseudovelocity and maximum pseudoacceleration responses. The latter two quantities are introduced here for the first time. They represent the maxima over the period range 0.1 to 4 sec for a given magnitude and distance, and they may be useful as a basis for determining the seismic coefficient in building codes.
Three-component analysis of regional phases at NORESS and ARCESS: Polarization and phase identification
Authors: Suteau-Henson Anne 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Particle motion characteristics of short-period three-component (3-C) data are compared for various seismic phases at NORESS and ARCESS, and their usefulness for phase identification is evaluated. Continuous recordings at the arrays of 3-C elements were processed during routine operation of the Intelligent Monitoring System (IMS). The data set used in this study consists of 3822 arrivals extracted from the IMS database and covers a period of about 2.5 months. First, polarization attributes and azimuth of the dominant linear motion are compared for local/regional phases (Pn, Pg, Sn, Lg) at the two arrays. P-type arrivals have larger angles of incidence at ARCESS than at NORESS, on average, for similar ranges of distance and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This can be partly explained by higher crustal velocities under the ARCESS array. Also, at ARCESS the ratio of horizontal to vertical power is similar for Sn and Lg, on average, while at NORESS it is larger for Sn, Sn and Lg azimuths at ARCESS (and Lg azimuth at NORESS, with more scatter) provide good estimates of backazimuth (with a 180° ambiguity) and indicate predominance of SH motion at ARCESS. In the second part of this study, multivariate data analysis is performed to obtain phase identifications (with associated confidence), using polarization attributes as predictors. P- and S-type phases are distinguished with a success rate of 82% at NORESS and 89% at ARCESS. The performance is even better for P-type arrivals with 3-C SNR &gt; 2 (96 and 98%, respectively). Sn and Lg are correctly identified for 74% of S-type phases at NORESS and 64% at ARCESS. Contamination of Lg by Sn coda at shorter ranges and dominant SH motion for both S-type phases at ARCESS affect the performance. This study shows the importance of evaluating each 3-C station individually.
A inclusão das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação na prática docente
Authors: Lavor Francisco Ivo Gomes , Ferreira Amanda Victor , Silva Jackeline Sousa , Meneses Helmo Robério Ferreira de , Belchior Sandra Maijane Soares de , Medeiros Elania Cavalcante Cunha de , Marques Agilio Tomaz 
Published: September 2021

As Tecnologias Digitais da Informação - TDIC são consideradas uma ferramenta ímpar em todo o processo de aprendizado, tendo seus efeitos comprovados desde a Educação Básico e, até mesmo, no Ensino Superior incluindo cursos de Pós-graduação. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário debruçar-se sobre o contexto pedagógico já existente na universidade, além de apontar soluções estratégicas para a implementação de novos sistemas tecnológicos. Nesse sentido, justifica-se a relevância do presente trabalho, que tem como objetivo geral realizar uma análise sobre a aplicação das TDIC dentro do Curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia da UniFIC, campus Iguatu. Como objetivos específicos, busca-se descrever o contexto pedagógico do Curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia quanto ao uso das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação na organização, sistematização e desenvolvimento das aulas e fomentar o diálogo entre as tecnologias digitais e a prática pedagógica docente. A metodologia usada para abordar o assunto foi um estudo qualiquantitativo, de caráter descritivo e exploratório, tendo como referência Gil (2010) e sua definição de pesquisa documental. Conclui-se, portanto, que a inclusão das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação veio para auxiliar os docentes em suas práticas pedagógicas, mas as mesmas só se apresentam favoráveis se os docentes estiverem dispostos a serem cada vez mais dinâmicos, pois não adianta estarmos conectados se não houver relação, engajamento entre docentes e discentes.
¿Qué tan lejos estamos de estar cerca? Alcances de la arbitrabilidad de la libre competencia y aproximaciones en el Perú
Authors: Robles Vargas Antonio , Gutiérrez Tercero Cesar , St. Laurent del Castillo Jacqueline 
Published: September 2021

En los últimos años, el arbitraje ha sido considerado como una vía alternativa a los procesos judiciales, sobre todo en conflictos comerciales; esto, por su flexibilidad, rapidez, confidencialidad, entre otros aspectos. Pese a ello, una parte de la doctrina considera que esta vía no es adecuada para someter controversias privadas relacionadas a materias de libre competencia.En el presente artículo, los autores evalúan el alcance de la arbitrabilidad, en materia privada, sobre la Libre Competencia en el Perú. Así, examinan si los tribunales, efectivamente, pueden interpretar no el cumplimiento de las leyes de libre competencia para, posteriormente, emitir un pronunciamiento sobre la responsabilidad civil resultado de este análisis. En esa línea, analizan los conceptos más importantes sobre la arbitrabilidad de la Libre Competencia, identifican las cuestiones más relevantes relacionadas al arbitraje de la Libre Competencia y, por último, revisan algunos casos peruanos para identificar cuáles son las barreras que imposibilitan su práctica arbitral en el ordenamiento peruano.
Sintesis Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Menggunakan Prekursor Bahan Alam Serta Modifikasi CNT Sebagai Komposit CNT/Resin Epoksi: Review
Authors: Anggoro Putri Ayu , Saraswati Teguh Endah 
Published: September 2021

<p><em>Carbon Nanotube</em> (CNT) memiliki aplikasi potensial yang luas karena sifat kimia dan fisiknya yang sangat baik. CNT disintesis menggunakan prekursor cair dari bahan alam yang. Prekursor cair dari bahan alam dimungkinkan dapat mengganti prekursor berbasis minyak bumi. Minyak kamper, jarak, kayu putih, dan kelapa sawit digunakan sebagai reservoir karbon untuk menghasilkan CNT berdinding banyak (MWCNT). Berbagai metode telah digunakan untuk menghasilkan CNT, termasuk ablasi laser, <em>arc discharge</em> dan proses deposisi uap kimia (CVD). Ulasan ini menjelaskan pembuatan CNT menggunakan metode CVD dikarenakan metode ini adalah metode yang umum digunakan dan sederhana. MWCNT yang dihasilkan dimodifikasi untuk membentuk komposit dengan resin epoksi.</p><p><strong><em>Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) Using Natural Material Precursors and Modified CNTs as CNT/Epoxy Resin Composite: Review. </em></strong>Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) have wide potential applications due to their excellent chemical and physical properties. CNTs were synthesized using liquid precursors from natural materials possibly replacing petroleum-based precursors. Camphor, jatropha, eucalyptus oil, and palm oil are used as carbon reservoirs to produce multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). A variety of methods have been used to produce CNTs, including laser ablation, arc discharge, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. This mini-review explained the manufacture of CNTs using the CVD method as a commonly used and simple method. The synthesized CNT is then modified to be applied to form a composite with epoxy resin</p>
Sintesis Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) Berbasis Bahan Alam Limbah Tempurung Kelapa dan Aplikasinya dalam Pembuatan Polimer Komposit Polimida-CNT: Review
Authors: Saputri Dini Deviana , Saraswati Teguh Endah 
Published: September 2021

<p><em>Carbon nanotubes</em> (CNT) menjadi salah satu material unggul teknologi nano yang membawa banyak keuntungan karena memiliki sifat kimia dan mekanik yang baik. Hal ini menjadikan CNT dimanfaatkan di berbagai aplikasi <em>nano-device </em>ataupun material komposit. Beberapa metode yang sering digunakan untuk menumbuhkan CNT adalah deposisi uap kimia (<em>Chemical Vapor Deposition</em>), laser ablasi dan <em>arc discharge</em>. Kebanyakan sumber prekursor karbon dalam sintesis CNT diambil dari bahan bakar fosil yang memiliki kelemahan bahan tidak bisa diperbaharui dan menghabiskan biaya yang mahal. Limbah bahan alam atau hasil biomassa dapat menjadi alternatif bahan baku pembuatan CNT yang membawa keunggulan biaya murah, ketersediaan melimpah, dan hemat energi, contohnya seperti limbah tempurung kelapa yang mengandung unsur karbon tinggi. Tempurung kelapa telah dilaporkan sebagai salah satu bahan baku potensial produksi CNT. Aplikasi CNT dalam polimer komposit contohnya penggabungan dengan polimida. Keunggulan polimida adalah sifat mekaniknya yang sangat baik, stabilitas termal, dan ketahanan kimia. Namun, polimida memiliki kelemahan dalam konduktivitas termal yang rendah. Penambahan CNT ke dalam polimida dapat meningkatkan konduktivitas termal sehingga meningkatkan kinerja polimer tersebut. </p><p><strong>Synthesis of Coconut-Shell Waste-based Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and Its Application in Polymer Composite Polyimide-CNT Fabrication: Review. </strong><em>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become one of the excellent materials for nanotechnology which brings many advantages because of their good chemical and mechanical properties, inducing CNTs to be used in various nano-device applications or composite materials. Some of the methods commonly used to grow CNTs are chemical vapor deposition, laser ablation, and arc discharge. Most sources of carbon precursors in CNTs synthesis are taken from fossil fuels which have the disadvantages of non-renewable materials and high cost. Natural waste or biomass products can be an alternative raw material for CNTs production which brings the advantages of low cost, abundant availability, and energy-saving, for example, such as coconut shell waste which contains high carbon elements. Coconut shell has been reported as one of the potential raw materials for CNT production. CNT applications in composite polymers are for example collaboration with polyimides. The advantages of polyimides are their excellent mechanical properties and chemical resistance. However, polyimides have a disadvantage in their low thermal conductivity. The addition of CNT into polyimides can increase its thermal conductivity enhancing polyimide performance.</em></p><p align="center"> </p>
Serious Injuries and Fatalities: A Study of Data and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Bibby David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Serious injuries and fatalities (SIFs) occurring in the workplace have become a significant focus in the field of safety. Over the past 20 years there has been a steady decline in the prevalence of all injuries, however the rates of SIFs have plateaued in recent years, contrary to Heinrich's Triangle. In one of the largest studies of its kind, we set out to identify trends and common factors of SIF incidents to identify strategies to reduce the risk of SIF incidents occurring.
We have studied OSHA log records and OSHA recorded fatalities of over 50,000 companies over multiple years broken down by numerous different indicies including industry, age, day of the week, body part affected, type of incident and severity of incident to give a picture of SIF prevalence and trends. This data has also been cross referenced against qualititive information of these companies to identify trends, commonalities and disparities in order to identify causes and opportunities for improvement.
The data reported on has shown different risk groups for SIF incidents occurring, that 60% of companies are at low risk of SIF incidents occurring and identifying the highest risk injuries for SIF events occurring (drilling and construction work). In addition, seemingly random factors such as day of the week and month of they year are found to statistically vary, presenting opportunities for targetted outreach based on this data in order to reduce risk. Furthermore, the study reveals companies who work with chemicals, performing welding work and work at heights should be the top targets for SIF prevention intervention, whilst the impact of heavily regulated industries (e.g., PSM facilities) and ensuring organisations have good safety procedures are linked to lower risks of SIF events occuring.
This information is of valuable use for all organisations who are interested in truly understanding the root causes of incidents and learning techniques to achieve a Vision Zero of a reduction of incidents, particularly serious injuries and fatalities, to the lowest possible level. A no-blame culture to the accurate reporting of incidents is also vital to a deeper understanding of causation and prevention.
A kilonova from an ultra-quick merger of a neutron star binary
Authors: Jin Zhiping , Zhou Hao , Covino Stefano , Liao Nenghui , Li Xiang , Lei Lei , D'Avanzo Paolo , Fan Yi-Zhong , Wei Daming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
GRB 060505 was the first well-known nearby (at redshift 0.089) “hybrid” gamma-ray burst that has a duration longer than 2 seconds but without the association of a supernova down to very stringent limits1. The prompt γ−ray flash lasting ∼ 4 sec could consist of an intrinsic short burst and its tail emission2 , but the sizable temporal lag (∼ 0.35 sec) as well as the environment properties led to the widely-accepted classification of a long duration gamma-ray burst originated from the collapse of a massive star3–5. Here for the first time we report the convincing evidence for a thermal-like optical radiation component in the spectral energy distribution of the early afterglow emission. In comparison to AT2017gfo, the thermal radiation is ∼ 2 times brighter and the temperature is comparable at similar epochs. The optical decline is much quicker than that in X-rays, which is also at odds with the fireball afterglow model6 but quite natural for the presence of a blue kilonova7, 8. Our finding points towards a neutron star merger origin of the hybrid GRB 060505 and strongly supports the theoretical speculation that some binary neutron stars can merge ultra-quickly (within ∼ 1 Myr) after their formation9 when the surrounding region is still highly star-forming and the metallicity remains low. Gravitational wave and electromagnetic jointed observations are expected to confirm such scenarios in the near future.
Gut Microbiota Plays an Essential Role in the Onset of Membranous Nephropathy: Evidence from Multi-Center Case-Control Study and Animal Model
Authors: Shang Jin , Zhang Yiding , Guo Ruixue , Liu Wenli , Zhang Jun , Yan Ge , Wu Feng , Cui Wen , Wang Peipei , Zheng Xuejun , Wang Ting , Ding Suying , Gao Xinxin , Dong Yijun , Zhao Jing , Wang Li , Ren Hongyan , Liu Chao , Xiao Jing , Ren Zhigang , Zhao Zhanzheng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Here we aim to establish a non-invasive diagnostic model using differential gut microbiome and to explore the relationship between gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of MN in animal experiment.DESIGN: A total of 825 fecal samples including MN patients and healthy controls (HC) were collected from Central, East and South China. We obtained crucial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by 16S rRNA sequencing and then established a diagnostic model using five-fold cross-validation on random forest model. We subsequently validated its efficiency in cross regional cohort. MN rat model was induced by Sheep Anti-Rat Fx1A Serum and was used to explore the relationship between gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of MN.RESULTS: The diversity and richness of gut microbiome was significantly decreased in MN patients. The diagnostic model based on 7 operational OTUs achieved excellent efficiency with an area under curve (AUC) of 98.36% in training group. The different disease states and cross regional cohort validated high diagnostic efficiency. In rat model, urinary protein was significantly relieved by intestine cleaning, while increased again by fecal microbiome transplant (FMT). Interestingly, fecal microbiome from MN patients seems to play a protective role when compared with that from healthy people.CONCLUSION: Gut microbiome can be used as a non-invasive tool for MN diagnosis. The onset of MN depends partially on the existence of naturally colonized microbiome. Adaptive changes of gut microbiome during MN may help relieve urinary protein.
Diversity and Distribution of Sulfur Metabolism 1 in the Human Gut Microbiome and its Association with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wolf Patricia G. , Cowley Elise S. , Breister Adam , Matatov Sarah , Lucio Luke , Polak Paige , Ridlon Jason M. , Gaskins H. Rex , Anantharaman Karthik 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Microbial sulfidogenesis produces genotoxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the human gut using inorganic (sulfate) and organic (taurine/cysteine/methionine) substrates, however the majority of studies have focused on sulfate reduction using dissimilatory sulfite reductases (Dsr). Recent evidence implicates microbial sulfidogenesis as a potential trigger of colorectal cancer (CRC), highlighting the need for comprehensive knowledge of sulfur metabolism within the human gut.Results: Here we show that microbial sulfur metabolism is more abundant and diverse than previously studied and is statistically associated with CRC. Using ~17,000 bacterial genomes from publicly available stool metagenomes, we studied the diversity of sulfur metabolic genes in 667 participants across different health statuses: healthy, adenoma, and carcinoma. Sulfidogenic genes were harbored by 142 bacterial genera and both organic and inorganic sulfidogenic genes were associated with carcinoma. Significantly, anaerobic sulfite reductases were twice as abundant as dsr, demonstrating that this enzyme is likely a more important contributor to sulfate reduction in the human gut. We identified twelve potential pathways for reductive taurine metabolism and discovered novel genera harboring these pathways. Finally, prevalence of metabolic genes for organic sulfur indicate that these understudied substrates may be the most abundant source of microbially derived H2S.Conclusions: Our findings significantly expand knowledge of microbial sulfur metabolism in the human gut. We show that microbial sulfur metabolism in the human gut is more prevalent than previously known, irrespective of health status (i.e., in both healthy and diseased states). Our results significantly increase the diversity of pathways and bacteria that are associated with microbial sulfur metabolism in the human gut. Overall, our results have implications for understanding the role of the human gut microbiome and its potential contributions to the pathogenesis of CRC.
Tools to Assess the External Validity of Randomized Controlled Trials in Systematic Reviews: a Systematic Review of Measurement Properties
Authors: Jung Andres , Balzer Julia , Braun Tobias , Luedtke Kerstin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Internal and external validity are the most relevant components when critically appraising randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for systematic reviews. However, there is no gold standard to assess external validity. This might be related to the heterogeneity of terminology as well as to unclear evidence of the measurement properties of available tools. The aim of this review was to identify tools to assess the external validity of RCTs in systematic reviews and to evaluate the quality of evidence regarding their measurement properties.Methods: A two-phase systematic literature search was performed in four databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO via OVID, and CINAHL via EBSCO. First, tools to assess the external validity of RCTs were identified. Second, studies aiming to investigate the measurement properties of these tools were selected. The measurement properties of each included tool were appraised using an adapted version of the COnsensus based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines.Results: 34 publications reporting on the development or validation of 26 included tools were included. For 62% of the included tools, there was no evidence of any measurement property. For the remaining tools, reliability was assessed most frequently. Reliability was judged as “sufficient” for three tools (very low quality of evidence). Content validity was rated as “sufficient” for one tool (moderate quality of evidence).Conclusions: Based on these results, no available tool can be fully recommended to assess the external validity of RCTs in systematic reviews. Several steps are required to overcome the identified difficulties to either adapt and validate available tools or to develop a new one. There is a need for more research for this purpose.Trial registration: Prospective registration at Open Science Framework (OSF): https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PTG4D