bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic effect of slip boundaries and exponentially decaying/growing time-dependent pressure gradient on Dean flow
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Gambo Dauda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHydrodynamic behaviour of slip flow and radially applied exponential time-dependent pressure gradient in a curvilinear concentric cylinder is examined. A two-step method of solution has been utilized in resolving the governing momentum equation. Accordingly, the exact solution of the time-dependent partial differential equation is derived in terms of the Laplace parameter. Afterwards, the Laplace domain solution is then inverted to time domain using a numerical-based inverting scheme known as Riemann-sum approximation. The effect of various dimensionless parameters involved in the problem on the Dean velocity, shear stresses and Dean vortices is discussed with the aid of graphs. It is found that maximum Dean velocity is due to an exponentially growing time-dependent pressure gradient and slip wall coefficient. Stability of the Dean vortices is achieved by suppressing time, wall slippage and inducing an exponentially decaying time-dependent pressure gradient.
Use of a modular hip dual-mobility articulation in patients with high risk of dislocation: a relatively small-sized acetabulum in Asian patients may limit its use
Authors: Chan Ping Keung , Cheung Sum Lik , Lam Kar Hei , Fung Wing Chiu , Chan Vincent Wai Kwan , Cheung Amy , Cheung Man Hong , Fu Henry , Yan Chun Hoi , Chiu Kwong Yuen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDual-mobility hip component is widely used in Europe and North America, because it effectively reduces hip dislocation in primary and revision total hip arthroplasties. However, reports were limited on the use of dual-mobility articulation in Asian populations.PurposeThe aim of this retrospective study was to review the use of modular dual-mobility hip articulation in Asian patients with the high risk factor for hip dislocation. We also discussed the potential concern on the use of dual-mobility articulation in Asian patients.MethodsFrom Jan 2018 to June 2019, 17 patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was (73.8 ± 9.5) years (range: 57–88 years). The mean size of acetabular cup and modular DM liner were (49.5 ± 3.4) mm (range, 46–58 mm) and (40.7 ± 3.4) mm (range, 38–48 mm), respectively. The mean follow-up period was (15.8 ± 3.9) months (range, 11–24 months). The primary outcome was the rate of hip dislocation. The secondary outcomes included the Harris Hip Score. Differences were considered statistically significant atp < 0.05.ResultsHip dislocation, loosening, peri-prosthetic fractures, or intra-prosthetic dislocation was not found in the series. The mean preoperative and postoperative Harris Hip Scores were 42.2 ± 17.2 (range, 15–80) and 74.7 ± 13.5 (range, 52–97), respectively, giving a mean improvement of 32.5 ± 17.2 (range, 4–72). The improvement was statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn Asian patients with high risk of hip dislocation, the use of modular dual-mobility hip component produces promising outcomes without hip dislocation, but the relatively small-sized acetabulum may limit it widespread application in other populations worldwide.Trial registrationHKUCTR-2913.
How to publish a new fungal species, or name, version 3.0
Authors: Aime M. Catherine , Miller Andrew N. , Aoki Takayuki , Bensch Konstanze , Cai Lei , Crous Pedro W. , Hawksworth David L. , Hyde Kevin D. , Kirk Paul M. , Lücking Robert , May Tom W. , Malosso Elaine , Redhead Scott A. , Rossman Amy Y. , Stadler Marc , Thines Marco , Yurkov Andrey M. , Zhang Ning , Schoch Conrad L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is now a decade since The International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) produced an overview of requirements and best practices for describing a new fungal species. In the meantime the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICNafp) has changed from its former name (the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature) and introduced new formal requirements for valid publication of species scientific names, including the separation of provisions specific to Fungi and organisms treated as fungi in a new Chapter F. Equally transformative have been changes in the data collection, data dissemination, and analytical tools available to mycologists. This paper provides an updated and expanded discussion of current publication requirements along with best practices for the description of new fungal species and publication of new names and for improving accessibility of their associated metadata that have developed over the last 10 years. Additionally, we provide: (1) model papers for different fungal groups and circumstances; (2) a checklist to simplify meeting (i) the requirements of the ICNafp to ensure the effective, valid and legitimate publication of names of new taxa, and (ii) minimally accepted standards for description; and, (3) templates for preparing standardized species descriptions.
Depressive, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms affecting hospitalized and home-isolated COVID-19 patients: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohamed Amany Elshabrawy , Yousef Amira Mohamed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus has affected more than 100 million people. Most of these patients are hospitalized in isolation wards or self-quarantined at home. A significant percentage of COVID-19 patients may experience psychiatric symptoms. This study attempts to assess depressive, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in home-isolated and hospitalized COVID-19 patients, besides whether the isolation setting affected these symptoms’ presentation.

Results
The study involved 89 patients with confirmed COVID-19 virus, and the patients were divided into 2 groups: 43 patients in the home-isolated group (group A) and 46 patients in the hospital-isolated group (group B).
The majority of subjects were male and married; also, they were highly educated. 30.2% from group A and 47.8% from group B had a medical occupation. There was a statistically significant difference (p= 0.03) between both groups in the presence of chronic disease. There was a statistically significant increase in suicidal thoughts in the home-isolated group (37.2%) (p = 0.008**). We found a statistically significant increase in the abnormal scores of Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale–Depression (HADS–Depression) in the home-isolated group (69.7%) compared to the hospital-isolated group (32.6%) (p <0.001**) which denotes considerable symptoms of depression. Moreover, we found that (32.6%) from the home-isolated group and (39.1%) from the hospital-isolated group had abnormal scores of Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale–Anxiety (HADS–Anxiety) which denotes considerable symptoms of anxiety. Also, we found 66.7% and 87.2% scored positive by the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) in the home-isolated group and hospital-isolated group, respectively. Which was statistically significant (p = 0.02**). On doing a binary logistic regression analysis of HADS and DTS with significantly related independent factors, we revealed that lower education levels and family history of psychiatric disorder were risk factors for abnormal HADS–Anxiety scores in COVID-19 patients. The medical occupation was a protective factor against having abnormal HADS–Depression scores in COVID-19 patients, while home isolation was a risk factor. On the contrary, the medical occupation was a risk factor for scoring positive in DTS in COVID-19 patients. Simultaneously, low levels of education and home isolation were protective factors.

Conclusion
A significant number of patients diagnosed with the COVID-19 virus develop depressive, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms, whether they were isolated in the hospital or at home; besides, the isolation setting may affect the presenting symptoms.
Effect of formaldehyde inhalation on rabbit nasal mucosa: a light microscopic study—an animal model for inhalational irritants on nasal mucosa
Authors: AbdelKafy Wael Mohamed Adel , Zittoon Reham Farouk , Abou-Halawa Ashraf Saad , Makary Ereny Fekry Youssef , Ahmed Mohamed Rifaat 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Formaldehyde is associated with many adverse health effects and is classified as a human carcinogen. Formaldehyde is highly water-soluble and readily absorbed and metabolized by the respiratory mucosa upon inhalation. The histopathological effects of formaldehyde on the nasal mucosa and olfactory nerves in adult New Zealand white rabbits were studied to validate this animal model of inhalational irritants.

Results
Compared to control group 1 (exposed to air), groups 2 and 3 (exposed to formaldehyde for 90 min and 210 min, respectively) exhibited disrupted nasal tissue, ulcerated epithelial coverings, markedly dilated blood vessels, and increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. The olfactory neuro-epithelium exhibited a reduction in the number of cilia. Many sustentacular cells lost their microvilli. Olfactory nerves exhibited nerve bundle shrinkage within the perineural sheath, leaving an empty space with evidence of edema within the nerve fibers.

Conclusion
Formaldehyde inhalation has destructive effects on the nasal mucosa and olfactory nerves in adult New Zealand white rabbits. These results validate the use of this animal model to assess the effects of inhalational irritants on the nasal mucosa.
Talking With Children About Prognosis: The Decisions and Experiences of Mothers With Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Park Eliza M. , Jensen Caitlin , Song Mi-Kyung , Yopp Justin M. , Deal Allison M. , Rauch Paula K. , Greer Joseph A. , Rosenstein Donald L. 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE: Parents with metastatic cancer report unique concerns and challenges when discussing their illness with their minor children. Greater understanding of parents’ communication experiences can facilitate these discussions. This study aimed to describe the challenges, approaches, and decisions related to discussing prognosis among a sample of mothers with metastatic cancer. METHODS: We conducted a web-based cross-sectional survey assessing the psychosocial concerns of 224 women with metastatic cancer who had minor children. This analysis focused on participant responses to structured and open-ended questions addressing communication with their children. We used descriptive statistics to summarize responses to the structured questions and qualitative content analysis for responses to open-ended questions. RESULTS: Nearly 80% (n = 176) reported they had discussed their prognosis with at least one of their children; 79% identified at least one barrier to these discussions. The most common obstacles were participants’ uncertainty about their illness trajectory (43%) and emotional distress associated with these conversations (41%). Qualitative analyses revealed three principles that guided mothers’ communication decisions: commitment to honesty and protection; child developmental readiness; and beliefs about the right time. Approaches to discussing prognosis included total honesty, using the language of chronic illness, gradual disclosure, waiting for questions, and emphasizing hope, love, and reassurance. CONCLUSION: This study provides further evidence of the complexity and challenges of parental communication with their children about metastatic cancer. There is a need for both clinicians and researchers to identify, test, and implement evidence-based strategies to assist ill parents with their communication concerns.
A Metabolomic Analysis to Assess How Time-Restricted Eating Improves Cardiometabolic Health
Authors: Manoogian Emily N C , Wilkinson Michael J , Zadourian Adena , Lo Hannah , Shoghi Azarin , Taub Pam , Panda Satchidananda 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) is a consistent 6-12-hour daily eating window without any overt caloric reduction. TRE has been shown in pre-clinical and clinical studies to have widespread benefits including improved cardiometabolic health. Most clinical trials have studied healthy or overweight participants, but the effect of TRE on patients undergoing medical treatment for cardiometabolic disease is unclear. In this single-arm paired-sample pilot study, 19 participants with metabolic syndrome and who had an eating window of 14 hours or more at baseline were put on a 10-hour TRE intervention for 3 months. Despite most participants already taking antihypertensives and statins at baseline, there were significant decreases in blood pressure and LDL cholesterol. There were also significant decreases in HbA1c, waist circumference, and body weight. To better understand the mechanism behind these improvements, here we report the changes in plasma metabolite changes following the 3-month TRE intervention. These findings are important to understand the physiological effects of TRE, especially for individuals to use as a co-treatment.
Adiposity Profiles and Insulin Resistance in Urban and Rural Indonesian Young Adults and Its Association With Gut Inflammation Marker Lipocalin-2
Authors: Kurniawan Farid , Deaningtyas Primasari , Tahapary Dicky Levenus , Purnamasari Dyah , Pradnjaparamita Tika , BioMed M , Harbuwono Dante Saksono , Sartono Erliyani , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Soewondo Pradana 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence are increasing worldwide, including in the young adult population. In general, the prevalence is higher in urban than in rural. Relatively higher calories and fat intake with more sedentary lifestyle in urban population can cause a surplus in energy homeostasis that will eventually be stored as body fat. This change might influence the gut environment, which based on recent studies, could interact with the immune system leading to inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and T2D. Our study aimed to assess the differences in adiposity profiles and insulin resistance between urban and rural Indonesian young adults and its association with serum lipocalin-2, a marker for systemic and gut inflammation. In this study, 242 individuals from urban and 233 subjects originating from rural areas were recruited. Anthropometry measurements, including body height, weight, and waist circumference (WC), were conducted. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from the body height and weight. Fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin were also measured, from which a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as a surrogate marker for whole body insulin resistance. Meanwhile, serum lipocalin-2 was measured by ELISA. Urban subjects had higher BMI and WC compared to rural counterparts [mean diff. (95% CI): 1.71 (0.99;2.43) kg/m2, P&lt;0.001 and 4.4 (2.6;6.2) cm, P&lt;0.001), respectively]. Additionally, HOMA-IR was also higher in urban than rural subjects [0.12 (0.008;0.24), P=0.04, after adjusted for age, sex, and BMI]. Lower serum lipocalin-2 level was observed in urban compared to rural individuals [-74.09 (-96.95-51.23) ng/mL, P&lt;0.001]. However, no significant correlations were observed between serum lipocalin-2 with BMI, WC, or HOMA-IR (r=-0.06, P=0.19; r=-0.08, P=0.10; r=-0.002, P=0.96, respectively). The findings of worse adiposity profiles and insulin resistance in urban than rural subjects were consistent with the results observed in previous studies. Higher intestinal inflammation in rural subjects, as shown by higher serum lipocalin-2, could be caused by presumably a higher rate of chronic and recurrent intestinal infection usually found in people living in rural areas. These could indirectly affect the nutrient uptake and eventually contribute to the lower adiposity and insulin resistance in the rural population, apart from the relatively lower calories and fat intake in their diet. Therefore, further study that incorporate dietary intake analysis and assay for intestinal infection are warranted to confirm this hypothesis.
Are Obese Patients Evaluated for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in an Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic?
Authors: Irazusta Florencia , Vidal Francisco , Pineyro Maria Mercedes , Pereda Jimena 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Obesity is an increasing global health problem worldwide and Uruguay mirrors these trends. It leads to various complications that include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is one of the most common liver disorders in industrialized countries with an estimated global prevalence of 25–30%. It is one of the main causes of liver transplant, for which is considered a global public health problem. It includes simple steatosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, that can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Several studies have shown a close relationship between NAFLD and obesity, with a reported prevalence of up to 80% in these patients. The diagnosis of NAFLD requires demonstration of hepatic steatosis by imaging and exclusion of other causes (absence of significant alcohol consumption, hepatitis infection, autoimmune hepatitis and hemochromatosis). We aimed to determine whether obese patients are evaluated for NAFLD in our endocrinology outpatient clinic. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 130 obese adults attending our clinic from December 2019 to March 2020. Results: The mean age was 53.8 years (range 19–80) and 80% were women. The mean BMI was 35.9 kg/m2 ± 5.3. Obesity class I, II and III was present in 55%, 25% and 20% of patients, respectively. Type 2 diabetes (DM2), hypertension and dyslipidemia were found in 46.2%, 61.5% and 76.2% of patients, respectively. Abdominal ultrasound was not performed in 62% of patients. Abdominal ultrasound was performed significantly more often in diabetics compared to non-diabetics (48.3% vs. 38%, p=0.046). There was no significant association between obesity class and presence of ultrasound (p=0.20), or liver steatosis (LS) (p=0.58). Seventy-eight percent showed LS (56% mild, 31% moderate and 13% severe). The majority (87.7%) had liver enzymes measured. Patients with and without LS showed similar proportion of elevated enzymes (36% and 36.4%, respectively). The most frequent raised enzyme was gamma-glutamyl transferase, present in 82.9% of patients, and in similar proportion between patients with and without LS (30.8% and 36.4%, respectively). Elevated liver enzymes were found in 22.7%, 46.6% and 80% of mild, moderate and severe LS, respectively. There was significant association between LS grade and liver enzymes elevation (p&lt;0.01). Secondary causes of LS were evaluated in 35.9% of patients, in all cases except one by the gastroenterology service. Half of the individuals had other causes of liver disease (alcoholism (28.6%), hepatitis B virus (28.6%) and methotrexate (28.6%) and prednisone (14.2%)treatment). Conclusion: NAFLD is a scantily evaluated disorder in our obese patients. In those evaluated we found a high frequency of LS, with almost 50% having moderate or severe disease. Further research is warranted to determine its prevalence and associated complications in our population.
Fetal Growth Disorders and Influence of Maternal Adiposity
Authors: Athar Sufia , Tellisi Amna Khalifa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Infant birth weight is recognized as the leading indicator of health among infants and affects a wide range of subsequent outcomes later in life. The incidence of neonates with high birth weight has increased in recent years. Many studies in the past have revealed that high birth weight is associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality and associated with complications in later life. These complications include shoulder dystocia, birth trauma, asphyxia, and neonatal deaths. In the later life these neonates have high risk for obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cancer. High pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) has been reported as a well-established risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite the high prevalence of maternal obesity in the gulf region, only a few studies in this regard have been published. Methods: A retrospective service evaluation was conducted at a secondary hospital to evaluate the effect of pre-pregnancy BMI on neonatal birth weight. 950 women were randomly selected from women delivered at or more than 37 weeks gestation and grouped on the basis of pregnancy BMI as group A-BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, group-B- BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2 and group C-BMI &gt;30 kg/m2. Infants were grouped according to birth weight as low birth weight(&lt;2500 g), normal birth weight (2500–3999 g), and high birth weight &gt;4000g and correlation was studied with maternal body mass index. Chi square test was used for statistical evaluation using Medcal online software. Results: In the study group, 34.43% women had normal body mass index, 37.21 % women were overweight and 28.36 % were obese. In group A, 6.50% and 4.64 % infants were with low and high birth weight, respectively. In group B, 4.3% and 5.73 % were with low and high birth weight, respectively. In group C, 4.51% and 20.33 % infants were with low and high birth weight, respectively. In comparison to women with normal BMI, low birth weight infants in group B (OR-0.922, 95% CI- 0.327–1.275) and group C (OR- 0.679, 95% CI-0.682–1.572) were not statistically significant. High birth weight infants in group B (OR- 1.2482, 95% CI- 0.3270 to 1.2756, p = 0.2080) and group C (OR-5.230, 95% CI-2.875–9.512, p= &lt; 0.0001) were positively correlated with pre-pregnancy BMI. Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity increased the risk of high birth weight (OR- 1.248 and 5.230 respectively). The results were statistically significant in obese women (p=&lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: Women with pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity have higher likelihood of high birth weight in infants. Pre-pregnancy weight loss is the key to reduce maternal and fetal complications. Early pregnancy booking and antenatal fetal surveillance is recommended for all women with high body mass index.
Hair Cortisol, Obesity and the Immune System: Results From a 3 Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: van der Valk Eline S , van der Voorn Bibian , Iyer Anand M , Mohseni Mostafa , Leenen Pieter J M , Dik Willem A , de Rijke Yolanda B , van den Akker Erica L T , Penninx Brenda W J H , van Rossum Elisabeth F C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Long-term glucocorticoid levels measured in scalp hair (HairGC) are positively correlated to obesity in cross-sectional studies, however it is unclear whether this reflects a state of obesity or an actual maintaining or contributing factor to obesity. Objectives: To investigate whether hair cortisol (HairF) and hair cortisone (HairE) predict changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) over time, and to assess whether HairGC are linked to immune parameters. Methods: We measured HairGC in 1604 participants of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), and correlated these to BMI, WC, and immune parameters (interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), total leukocyte, monocyte and lymphocyte counts and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio). Also, we assessed whether baseline HairGC predict changes in BMI and WC at the follow-up visit, three years later, and whether immune parameters influenced this correlation. Results: In cross-sectional analyses, HairF and HairE were positively correlated to BMI (β=2.06 and β=2.84kg/m2 respectively) and WC (β=5.36 and β= 8.54cm respectively, all p&lt;0.001). HairF was related to IL-6 (adjusted β=0.15, p&lt;0.05) and leukocyte count (adjusted β=0.57, p&lt;0.01), and HairE to IL-6 (adjusted β=0.21, p&lt;0.05). In the adjusted longitudinal analyses, baseline HairF was associated with a yearly increase in BMI (β=0.58%, p=0.009) and baseline HairE with a yearly increase in WC (β=0.84%, p=0.049). Adjusting for baseline IL-6 or leukocytes did not affect the found associations between GC and WC or BMI change. Conclusions: HairGC levels are related to BMI, WC, IL-6 and leukocytes in cross-sectional analyses. Moreover, chronically higher HairGC may be a relevant risk factor for the development of obesity in the future, although causality is yet to be proven.