bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core Outcome Measures for Trials in People With Coronavirus Disease 2019: Respiratory Failure, Multiorgan Failure, Shortness of Breath, and Recovery
Authors: Tong Allison , Baumgart Amanda , Evangelidis Nicole , Viecelli Andrea K. , Carter Simon A. , Azevedo Luciano Cesar , Cooper Tess , Bersten Andrew , Cervantes Lilia , Chew Derek P. , Crowe Sally , Douglas Ivor S. , Flemyng Ella , Elliott Julian H. , Hannan Elyssa , Horby Peter , Howell Martin , Ju Angela , Lee Jaehee , Lorca Eduardo , Lynch Deena , Manera Karine E. , Marshall John C. , Gonzalez Andrea Matus , McKenzie Anne , Mehta Sangeeta , Mer Mervyn , Morris Andrew Conway , Needham Dale M. , Nseir Saad , Povoa Pedro , Reid Mark , Sakr Yasser , Shen Ning , Smyth Alan R. , Simpson A. John , Snelling Tom , Strippoli Giovanni F. M. , Teixeira-Pinto Armando , Torres Antoni , Turner Tari , Webb Steve , Williamson Paula R. , Woc-Colburn Laila , Zhang Junhua , Craig Jonathan C. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, shortness of breath, recovery, and mortality have been identified as critically important core outcomes by more than 9300 patients, health professionals, and the public from 111 countries in the global coronavirus disease 2019 core outcome set initiative. The aim of this project was to establish the core outcome measures for these domains for trials in coronavirus disease 2019.

DESIGN:
Three online consensus workshops were convened to establish outcome measures for the four core domains of respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, shortness of breath, and recovery.

SETTING:
International.

PATIENTS:
About 130 participants (patients, public, and health professionals) from 17 countries attended the three workshops.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Respiratory failure, assessed by the need for respiratory support based on the World Health Organization Clinical Progression Scale, was considered pragmatic, objective, and with broad applicability to various clinical scenarios. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment was recommended for multiple organ failure, because it was routinely used in trials and clinical care, well validated, and feasible. The Modified Medical Research Council measure for shortness of breath, with minor adaptations (recall period of 24 hr to capture daily fluctuations and inclusion of activities to ensure relevance and to capture the extreme severity of shortness of breath in people with coronavirus disease 2019), was regarded as fit for purpose for this indication. The recovery measure was developed de novo and defined as the absence of symptoms, resumption of usual daily activities, and return to the previous state of health prior to the illness, using a 5-point Likert scale, and was endorsed.

CONCLUSIONS:
The coronavirus disease 2019 core outcome set recommended core outcome measures have content validity and are considered the most feasible and acceptable among existing measures. Implementation of the core outcome measures in trials in coronavirus disease 2019 will ensure consistency and relevance of the evidence to inform decision-making and care of patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
Improving variant calling using population data and deep learning
Authors: Chen Nae-Chyun , Kolesnikov Alexey , Goel Sidharth , Yun Taedong , Chang Pi-Chuan , Carroll Andrew 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLarge-scale population variant data is often used to filter and aid interpretation of variant calls in a single sample. These approaches do not incorporate population information directly into the process of variant calling, and are often limited to filtering which trades recall for precision. In this study, we develop population-aware DeepVariant models with a new channel encoding allele frequencies from the 1000 Genomes Project. This model reduces variant calling errors, improving both precision and recall in single samples, and reduces rare homozygous and pathogenic clinvar calls cohort-wide. We assess the use of population-specific or diverse reference panels, finding the greatest accuracy with diverse panels, suggesting that large, diverse panels are preferable to individual populations, even when the population matches sample ancestry. Finally, we show that this benefit generalizes to samples with different ancestry from the training data even when the ancestry is also excluded from the reference panel.
Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonists in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19 – Preliminary report
Authors:   The REMAP-CAP Investigators, Gordon Anthony C. , Mouncey Paul R. , Al-Beidh Farah , Rowan Kathryn M. , Nichol Alistair D. , Arabi Yaseen M. , Annane Djillali , Beane Abi , van Bentum-Puijk Wilma , Berry Lindsay R. , Bhimani Zahra , Bonten Marc J.M. , Bradbury Charlotte A. , Brunkhorst Frank M. , Buzgau Adrian , Cheng Allen C. , Detry Michelle A. , Duffy Eamon J. , Estcourt Lise J. , Fitzgerald Mark , Goossens Herman , Haniffa Rashan , Higgins Alisa M. , Hills Thomas E. , Horvat Christopher M. , Lamontagne Francois , Lawler Patrick R. , Leavis Helen L. , Linstrum Kelsey M. , Litton Edward , Lorenzi Elizabeth , Marshall John C. , Mayr Florian B. , McAuley Danny , McGlothlin Anna , McGuinness Shay P , McVerry Bryan J. , Montgomery Stephanie K. , Morpeth Susan C. , Murthy Srinivas , Orr Katrina , Parke Rachael L. , Parker Jane C. , Patanwala Asad E. , Pettilä Ville , Rademaker Emma , Santos Marlene S. , Saunders Christina T. , Seymour Christopher W. , Shankar-Hari Manu , Sligl Wendy I. , Turgeon Alexis F. , Turner Anne M. , van de Veerdonk Frank L. , Zarychanski Ryan , Green Cameron , Lewis Roger J. , Angus Derek C. , McArthur Colin J. , Berry Scott , Webb Steve A. , Derde Lennie P.G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of interleukin-6 receptor antagonists in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is unclear.MethodsWe evaluated tocilizumab and sarilumab in an ongoing international, multifactorial, adaptive platform trial. Adult patients with Covid-19, within 24 hours of commencing organ support in an intensive care unit, were randomized to receive either tocilizumab (8mg/kg) or sarilumab (400mg) or standard care (control). The primary outcome was an ordinal scale combining in-hospital mortality (assigned −1) and days free of organ support to day 21. The trial uses a Bayesian statistical model with pre-defined triggers to declare superiority, efficacy, equivalence or futility.ResultsTocilizumab and sarilumab both met the pre-defined triggers for efficacy. At the time of full analysis 353 patients had been assigned to tocilizumab, 48 to sarilumab and 402 to control. Median organ support-free days were 10 (interquartile range [IQR] −1, 16), 11 (IQR 0, 16) and 0 (IQR −1, 15) for tocilizumab, sarilumab and control, respectively. Relative to control, median adjusted odds ratios were 1.64 (95% credible intervals [CrI] 1.25, 2.14) for tocilizumab and 1.76 (95%CrI 1.17, 2.91) for sarilumab, yielding >99.9% and 99.5% posterior probabilities of superiority compared with control. Hospital mortality was 28.0% (98/350) for tocilizumab, 22.2% (10/45) for sarilumab and 35.8% (142/397) for control. All secondary outcomes and analyses supported efficacy of these IL-6 receptor antagonists.ConclusionsIn critically ill patients with Covid-19 receiving organ support in intensive care, treatment with the IL-6 receptor antagonists, tocilizumab and sarilumab, improved outcome, including survival. (ClinicalTrials.govnumber:NCT02735707)
Deciphering the motives, barriers and integration of Syrian refugee entrepreneurs into Turkish society: a SEM approach
Authors: Almohammad Dawoud , Durrah Omar , Ahmed Faisal 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThis study/paper aims to explore the effect of motives and barriers of Syrian refugee entrepreneurs on social and economic integration into Turkish society.Design/methodology/approachUsing a convenience sampling technique, data was collected using a questionnaire from 300 Syrian entrepreneurs who have entrepreneurial ventures in Turkey. The collected data was analyzed using structural equation modeling through an AMOS software.FindingsThe results of this study indicate a significant influence of both individual and contextual motives on integration into Turkish society. However, the individual and contextual barriers do not appear to affect integration.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the literature investigating the motives and barriers in relation to social and economic integration into Turkish society.
Unit pricing for multiple product sizes: identifying moderators and mediators of consumer evaluations
Authors: Shirai Miyuri , Satomura Takuya 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the underlying process by which a brand’s unit pricing for multiple package sizes influences consumer evaluations by incorporating several mediators and moderators. Two-unit pricing tactics were examined: quantity discounts and surcharges.

Design/methodology/approach
Two online experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses. Study 1 examined the mediating role of consumers’ inferred motive for sellers in setting quantity discounts or surcharges in the relationship between the pricing tactics and consumer evaluations. Study 2 incorporated affect as a mediator, and price consciousness and unit price usage as moderators in this relationship.

Findings
The mediating role of inferred motive is supported. Motive is related to the sales volume. Furthermore, this mediation effect is more potent when consumers have stronger quantity discount belief. Further, the mediating role of affect is supported. It is more salient when consumers are frequent users of unit prices.

Research limitations/implications
This study compared two pricing tactics and did not include a control condition. The first digit of the unit price for the small package size was different between the pricing tactics.

Practical implications
When applying quantity surcharges to products, it is essential to provide additional information to consumers to preclude the possibility of negative evaluations.

Originality/value
This study makes a significant contribution by offering a deeper understanding of consumer responses to the pricing tactics. In particular, it reveals that pricing tactics trigger both cognitive and affective responses, which then influence evaluations of the pricing tactics. This elicited cognition is associated with deduction about sellers’ brand-size pricing behavior.
The impact of gratitude (vs pride) on the effectiveness of cause-related marketing
Authors: Septianto Felix , Garg Nitika 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This study aims to investigate how gratitude, as compared to pride, can leverage the effectiveness of cause-related marketing, particularly a donation-based promotion. Drawing upon the appraisal tendency framework, this study establishes the underlying process driving these emotion effects. It also examines the moderating role of product type (hedonic vs utilitarian).

Design/methodology/approach
Five studies are conducted to test the predictions. Importantly, this study examines the predicted emotion effects across different sources of affect (dispositional, incidental and integral), different subject populations (students and Amazon Mechanical Turk panel) and different product categories (water bottle, chocolate and printer), leading to robust and generalizable findings.

Findings
Results show that gratitude (vs pride) increases the likelihood of purchasing a product with a donation-based promotion. This effect is mediated by gratitude’s other-responsibility appraisal and, in turn, increased reciprocity concerns (a serial mediation). Further, this study finds that how the gratitude (vs pride) effect is attenuated when the product is hedonic (but not utilitarian) in nature.

Research limitations implications
Past study on emotion and cause-related marketing has emphasized the role of negative emotions such as guilt. This study provides empirical evidence on the potential benefit of using positive emotions such as gratitude in cause-related marketing.

Practical implications
The implications of this study can benefit marketers by highlighting the use of gratitude appeals in their cause-related marketing campaigns.

Originality/value
The findings of the present research are significant because they highlight the potential role of a discrete positive emotion – gratitude – in leveraging the effectiveness of cause-related marketing and establish the underlying process driving this effect.
“Simple rules” as an approach to corporate selection of CSR strategies
Authors: Goby Valerie Priscilla , Karimova Gulnara Z. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to adopt the “simple rules” approach developed by Sull and Eisenhardt (2016) and apply it to explain how corporate social responsibility (CSR) manifests in myriad ways depending on the particular socio-economic and geopolitical context.

Design/methodology/approach
It illustrates the implicit principle of “simple rules” through the case of a major petroleum company in the United Arab Emirates (Emirates National Oil Company [ENOC]) using content analysis to trace its interpretation and practice of CSR as transmitted via its social media platforms and stakeholder response.

Findings
ENOC’s CSR is primarily associated with two government objectives. One relates to human resource initiatives, most especially to the development of local talent in response to the government’s priority of reducing the country’s excessive reliance on expatriate labor. The second is that of preserving local heritage which is reflected in the prominence of local religious values in its posts. The prioritization of these two key themes is a manifestation of how, from the vast range of activities that can be considered as constituting CSR, an individual company chooses those that serve local and immediate intentions.

Social implications
A tight scoping of CSR within cherished national objectives appears to enhance the co-creation of shared value between company and stakeholders.

Originality/value
This study’s contribution does not so much problematize the many classifications and theories developed to account for diverse conceptualizations and implementations of CSR; rather, it proposes a “simple rules” approach as a parallel and potentially efficient, economical means to explain diversity within CSR interpretation and execution according to the specific geopolitical and socio-economic context in which it is implemented.
How does abusive supervision hurt employees? The role of positive psychological capital
Authors: Avey James B. , Agarwal Upasna , Gill Jadvir K. 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this research was to understand the mediating role of employee positive psychological capital on the negative relationship between abusive supervision and employee outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe research design consisted of a multi-wave study with a heterogeneous sample of working adults in the United States. Study variables included the independent variable of abusive supervision, the mediating variable of positive psychological capital and the dependent variables of psychological well-being, job satisfaction and general health.FindingsResults from 293 working adults in the United States suggest employee positive psychological capital is an explanatory mechanism as a mediator in the relationship between abusive supervision and outcomes. In other words, abusive supervisors reduce employee psychological capital leading to sub-optimal outcomes.Practical implicationsResults of this study suggest several practical implications, however one is primary. In sum, we found the deleterious effects of abusive supervisors occur through positive psychological capital. While it is often difficult to immediately terminate manager employment for abusive supervision, results here suggest firms can use psychological capital interventions to buffer the negative impact of abusive supervisors.Originality/valueIt is well understood that abusive supervision has a negative impact on employees. However, the underlying mechanisms of how and why this occurs is not well understood. While much research has speculated on why this happens prior to this study, few explanatory mechanisms have been subjected to empirical tests.
On-line self-calibration method for unattended manipulators based on Gaussian motion model and visual system
Authors: Qi Ruolong , Tang Yuangui , Zhang Ke 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
For some special manipulators such as the ones work at the space station, nuclear or some other unmanned environments, the overload, collision, vibration, temperature change or release of the internal stress would affect the structural parameters. And thus the operation precision might constantly decrease in long-term use. In these unmanned environments, the unattended manipulators should calibrate itself when they execute high precision operations or proceed self-maintenances. The purpose of this paper is to propose an automatic visual assistant on-line calibration (AVOC) method based on multi-markers.

Design/methodology/approach
A camera fixed on the end of the manipulator is used to measure one to three identification points, which forms an unstable multi-sensor eye-in-hand system. A Gaussian motion method which combines the linear quadratic regulator control and extended Kalman filter together is proposed to make the manipulator track the planned trajectories when its inaccurate structural parameters form uncertain motion errors. And a Monte-Carlo method is proposed to form a high precision and stable signal acquisition when the visual system has measurement errors and intermittent signal feedback. An automatic sampling process is adopted to select the optimal measurement points basing on their variances.

Findings
Data analysis and experiment results prove the efficiency and feasibility of the method proposed in this paper. With this method, the positioning accuracy is largely promoted from about 2 mm to 0.04–0.05 mm.

Originality/value
Experiments were carried out successfully on a manipulator in a life sciences glove box that will work at the Chinese space station. It is a low cost and efficient manipulator calibration method. The whole autonomic calibration process takes less than 10 min and requires no human intervention. In addition, this method not only can be used in the calibration of other unmanned articulated manipulator that works in deep ocean, nuclear industry or space but also be useful for the maintenance work in modern factories owing a lot of industrial robots.
Psychometric properties of global mental health literacy measures
Authors: Fulcher Emily , Pote Helen 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
Since its initial development, numerous mental health literacy (MHL) definitions and associated measures have been created which have yet to be adequately evaluated. This paper aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of global MHL measures with the aim of identifying the most valid, reliable, responsive and interpretable measure.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic review was conducted of studies that evaluated global MHL measures against at least one of the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) taxonomy properties; validity, reliability, responsivity or interpretability.

Findings
In total, 13 studies were identified which examined the psychometric properties of 7 MHL measures. Two of these seven measures were vignette format and the remaining five measures were questionnaires. The mental health promoting knowledge-10 and the multicomponent mental health literacy measure were the most psychometrically robust global MHL measures as they had the most psychometric properties rated as adequate. Both were shown to have adequate structural validity, internal consistency and construct validity. The two vignette measures, the MHL tool for the workplace and the vignette MHL measure, were both shown to only have adequate evidence for construct validity.

Originality/value
The current study is the first to systematically review research that evaluated the psychometric properties of global measures of MHL.
Management of risks associated with the disclosure of future-oriented information in integrated reports
Authors: Lakshan A.M.I. , Low Mary , de Villiers Charl 
Published: January 2021

PurposeIntegrated reporting (IR) promotes the disclosure of future-oriented information to enable financial stakeholders to make better-informed decisions. However, the downside to this type of disclosure is the risk to management of disclosing such future-oriented information. This paper aims to explore how IR preparers manage the risk of disclosing future-oriented information in companies’ integrated reports.Design/methodology/approachThis study represents an exploratory interpretative thematic analysis of 33 semi-structured interviews with managers involved in IR in eight Sri Lankan companies representing various industries. The thematic analysis is informed by the research literature and prior studies on IR.FindingsThis paper provides evidence of various strategies to manage the risk associated with the disclosure of future-oriented information in integrated reports. These strategies include making non-specific predictions; increasing the accuracy of the predictions; linking performance management to disclosed targets, thus ensuring individual responsibility for target achievement; disclosingex postexplanations for not achieving previously disclosed targets; and linking disclosed targets to the company’s risk management procedures. However, these strategies can cause managers to provide conservative future-oriented information, rather than “best estimate” future-oriented information.Practical implicationsThe study describes the strategies that managers use to mitigate the risks involved in disclosing future-oriented information. These strategies can provide support or raise concerns, for managers in deciding how to deal with such risks. Regulators tasked with investor protection, as well as stock exchanges interested in the transparency and accountability of listed companies’ activities should be aware of these strategies. Furthermore, the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) should be interested in the implications of this study because some of the identified strategies could undermine the usefulness of integrated reports to stakeholders. This is a significant concern given that the IIRC envisages integrated reporting and thinking as vehicles that could align capital allocation and corporate behaviour with wider sustainable development goals.Social implicationsThe trend of future-oriented information moving from being used only in organisations’ internal management systems to being externally reported in integrated reports has implications for stakeholder groups interested in the reported targets. This study reveals management strategies that could affect future-oriented information reliability and reduce their usefulness for users of integrated reports.Originality/valueThis study provides unique insights into the emerging area of how managers deal with the risks involved in disclosing future-oriented IR information.
The EU in Search of Autonomy in the Era of Chinese Expansionism and COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Santander Sebastian , Vlassis Antonios 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGiven the global changes created by China's expanding international influence, increasingly intense Sino–American competition and the growing multi‐polarisation of the international political economy, is there any specific place that the European Union can hope to occupy? For tentative answers to this question, this analysis of Chinese economic expansionism aims to highlight the rationale behind the EU's foreign policy action and to explore how this expansionism has impacted on the preservation of the European unity and whether Chinese economic power has undermined integration and triggered disunity within the EU. We look at the period starting in 2013, the year when China launched its ‘New Silk Road’ initiative, right up to the global lockdown due to the COVID‐19 pandemic.