bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Low‐Salt and High‐Potassium Diet on Arterial Stiffness and Left Ventricular Function in Indigenous Papuans
Authors: Ishida Akio , Isotani Akihiro , Fujisawa Michiko , del Saz Eva Garcia , Okumiya Kiyohito , Kimura Yumi , Manuaba Indrajaya Ida Bagus , Rantetampang Andreas Lallo , Ohya Yusuke , Matsubayashi Kozo 
Published: December 2021

Background
A sodium‐restricted diet represents a potential non‐pharmacological strategy for improving blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. We investigated age‐related differences in LV structure and function and the relationship between LV function and central hemodynamics in an indigenous Papuan population, who maintain a traditional lifestyle, including a low‐salt and high‐potassium diet.

Methods and Results
We measured LV dimensions, transmitral blood flow, and mitral annular tissue velocities through echocardiography and Doppler imaging. Blood pressure and brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity were measured using an automatic device (Omron). Central blood pressure and wave reflection parameters were estimated via oscillometry (Mobil‐O‐Graph, using European calibrations). A total of 82 native Papuans (median age, 42 years; 38 women; no blood pressure treatment) were enrolled. Age‐related difference in brachial systolic pressure was modest but significant, and brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity significantly increased with age; however, LV mass index remained unchanged. LV ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain were preserved; mitral A‐wave velocity and average E/e´ increased; and e´ and E/A decreased with age. Brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity and spot urine Na/K were positively and independently correlated with E/e´. Age and heart rate were inversely associated with E/A. In conclusion, LV systolic function was preserved; however, LV diastolic function decreased with age in Papuans. Moreover, age‐related arterial stiffening, but not wave reflections, was inversely related to LV diastolic function.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that arterial and LV stiffness may not be altered by sodium restriction. Longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate the effects of diet on arterial and LV function.
Complexity in Instructed Heritage Language Acquisition
Authors: Torres Julio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article, I reflect on the role of linguistic complexity in instructed heritage language (HL) acquisition by specifically examining morphosyntactic linguistic complexity as it relates to factors such as transparency, saliency, and communicative value. First, I critically evaluate previous proposals on linking formal HL studies to pedagogy by arguing that learning in instructed contexts is a complex task that requires research on a number of variables including linguistic complexity. Second, I summarize the lessons learned in the field of instructed second language acquisition with regard to complexity in additional language learning. Third, by reviewing an empirical study on the development of Spanish gender assignment and agreement in writing, I provide a few arguments for investigating the interplay between linguistic complexity and the prior language experience that HL learners bring into the learning environment. Informed by findings from instructed second language studies, I propose that instructed HL studies also examine how linguistic complexity is potentially interwoven with type of instruction and individual differences.
Syntactic Complexity Measures as Indices of Language Proficiency in Writing: Focus on Heritage Learners of Russian
Authors: Kisselev Olesya , Klimov Aleksandr , Kopotev Mikhail 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The concept of linguistic complexity, understood broadly as a range of basic and elaborate structures available and accessible to learners as evidenced in their production of speech and writing (Ortega, 2003), has featured prominently in second language development research since the inception of the field. The field of heritage language acquisition, however, has only recently begun to engage linguistic complexity as a comprehensive lens for studying heritage language development. The current study contributes to this fledgling area of research by investigating automatically extracted measures of syntactic complexity in the written language of heritage learners of Russian at various developmental levels. The analysis of 12 measures of syntactic complexity allows us to conclude that the majority of automatically extracted indices differentiate proficiency levels of heritage speakers in the study. The study results provide important insights into the nature of heritage language development and are readily applicable for assessment and pedagogical purposes.
I Will Tell You My History: Rewriting to Revolt in the Process of al-Tārīkh al-badīl (Allohistory)
Authors: Barbaro Ada 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In an epoch of revival of the historical novel, Arabic literature tries to provide its own response to the construction of al-tārīkh al-badīl, namely “alternative history” or, also, allohistory which, as a literary genre, was originally a branch of science fiction. By proposing the idea of a counter-narration, the search for historical alternatives becomes a matter of great importance and responsibility. What happens if the writer tries to construct an alternative point of view, a counter-narration in which “History” is transformed into an almost fictional story? Far from an act of betrayal, this can be interpreted as a restoration of iltizām whenever the narrative potential, or the “if” contained within the narrative, comes true. This article aims to present works where the authors wonder: “What would have happened if…?” This question opens space for literary alternatives to mainstream or official historical narratives.
It’s All Just Poetry: Writing ʿUmar ibn Abī Rabīʿah’s Life
Authors: Lawrence Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The relationship between poetry and the poet’s life is complex, and reading a poem for biographical material can become a problematic exercise that constrains a poem’s interpretative possibilities. When writing about ʿUmar ibn Abī Rabīʿah (d. 93AH/712AD or 103/721), biographers and historians have shown a marked ambivalence in this regard. In early anecdotal narratives about his life and romantic adventures, events appear to derive their source material from episodes found in his poetry, whereas in later biographies of the poet, the poems tend to be understood as depicting emotional and symbolic truths, even if the events described did not actually happen. In either method of writing about ʿUmar’s life, the biographer finds the poet’s life story and persona to be filled with contradictions that are difficult to resolve. The embedding of poetry into anecdotes that narrate the poet’s life (in the form of events or emotional truths) resembles the tafsīr of the Qur’an through the Prophetic sīrah, in which Qur’anic verses are explained through the cementing of the text’s open-ended hermeneutic possibilities into fixed events and contexts. This article examines this relationship as a textual practice evolving through different biographies of the poet, and argues that the relationship points to a way of reading that presupposes a measure of extra-textual reality in the text, even where such a presupposition constructs an impossible biographical narrative replete with contradictions.
How to Represent the Silent Environment? An Update on Germany’s Struggle to Implement Article 9 (3) of the Aarhus Convention
Authors: Ohler Amelie , Peeters Marjan , Eliantonio Mariolina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With Germany’s signature to the Aarhus Convention in 1998, the country committed to strengthening the legal position of environmental Non-Governmental Organisations (eNGOs). Since, traditionally, in Germany, “public interest litigation” was legally impossible, the country had to consider fundamental changes to its system of judicial review. More than 20 years later, the German implementation of Article 9(3) of the Aarhus Convention (ac) has seen several amendments, but is still cause for controversy. Despite Germany’s prolonged efforts to adapt its legislation, there are, currently, two admitted complaints concerning Germany’s system of legal standing of eNGOs waiting for a (final) decision by the ac Compliance Committee, while several cjeu judgments have clarified the much-needed interpretation of Article 9(3) ac particularly also in view of the notion of effective judicial protection. These developments, together with scholarly criticism, indicate a need for further legal change in the German approach.
New Data on Plant Use in the Eastern Sahara: The Macro-Remain Assemblage from Sheikh el-Obeiyid Villages and Bir el-Obeiyid Playa, Farafra Oasis, Egyptian Western Desert
Authors: Attia Elshafaey Abdellatif Elshafaey , Malleson Claire , Fahmy Ahmed G. , Lucarini Giulio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article discusses archaeobotanical evidence from two Sheikh el-Obeiyid villages and the Bir el-Obeiyid playa, which are located along the course of the Wadi el-Obeiyid and on the top and escarpment of the Northern Plateau, at the northern edge of the Farafra Oasis, Egypt. The villages and playa are both part of a settlement system which developed from the top of the plateau, through its various erosion surfaces, down to the bottom of the wadi. The villages in particular can be considered as seasonal base camps, populated by semi-sedentary groups who engaged in intensive exploitation of the resources available in the surrounding environment during the early and mid-Holocene. These sites can be compared to the better-known Hidden Valley village site located only 20 km to the east, the remains from which were analysed during the early 2000s by Ahmed G. Fahmy. At all the sites investigated to date in Farafra there is clear evidence for gathering and use of sorghum and other species of small-seeded wild grasses, fitting the emerging patterns of intense wild grass exploitation in attractive ecological zones for the eastern Sahara during the 9th–6th millennia BP.
Bibliographical Scrupulousness and Philological Zeal: Conrad Gessner Working on the editio princeps of ‘Ad se ipsum’
Authors: Sergeev Mikhail 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article concerns the history of the first edition of Greek text of Marcus Aurelius’ Meditations (1559), printed together with its Latin translation and commentary by Wilhelm Xylander. The Zurich philologist and naturalist Conrad Gessner documented it meticulously from its earliest steps in his Neo-Latin bibliographic handbooks, as well as other printed works and letters, meanwhile contributing somehow to its realization. The controversial issue of Gessner’s and Xylander’s role in the establishing of the text of editio princeps, and thus its attribution, is discussed in detail. The other question under consideration is how Gessner imagined the interaction of humanist philology and bibliography, which had to direct literary history in the age of printed word. Taking into account this particular case of Gessner’s bibliographic and philological inquiry, the author attempts to consider his Bibliotheca universalis not only as seminal compilative and critical work, but also as important means of communication and (self-)stimulation.
The Augment in the Fragments of the Epic Cycle and Other Fragmentary Greek Epic
Authors: De Decker Filip 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
I discuss the use of the augment in fragmentary hexametric Greek texts outside of early epic Greek (Homer, Hesiod, and the Homeric Hymns) and the mock-epic works (such as the Batrakhomyomakhia). I quote them after West 2003 but also analyze fragments that are not found in West. I determine the metrically secure forms, discuss previous scholarship on the meaning of the augment in epic Greek, and then proceed to the actual analysis. For my investigation, I divide the fragments in three categories: first, those that can be analyzed; second, those that have fewer forms and that allow for an analysis but require more caution than those of the first category; and third, the ones that have no or not enough metrically secure forms but are still intellegible. The starting point for my investigation is that the augment had near-deictic/visual-evidential meaning and that it was used in focused and highlighted passages as well as to emphasize new information. This is confirmed by the fragments, but as was the case in the larger epic corpus, there are exceptions to the rules in the Cycle as well.
Self-Organizing Maps for the Classification of Spatial and Temporal Variability of Tornado-Favorable Parameters
Authors: Hua Zhanxiang , Anderson-Frey Alexandra K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A nuanced analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of supercell tornadoes and the characteristics of the near-storm environments associated with those tornadoes is critical to improving our understanding of the range of environments that can be considered tornado favorable. This work classifies both supercell tornado probabilities and their associated environmental parameters on hourly and daily time scales based on geographical regions: regional probability of tornado events and the probability of deviation above or below the median tornadic near-storm environmental parameter values are estimated by kernel density estimation and classified by self-organizing maps (SOMs). The SOM classification for tornado probability allows for further examination of the deviation of the environmental parameters from the median for each probability cluster. Regions that have similar tornado probabilities but differ in the deviation of the environmental parameters (“parameter anomalies”) are also highlighted using SOMs. The anomaly patterns for different regions and parameters generally evolve along either seasonal or diurnal scales, but rarely both, highlighting the need for flexible models of tornado potential based on the near-storm environment. The spatial and temporal variability of parameter anomalies add complexity to traditional forecasting approaches that depend upon a fixed set of environmental parameter thresholds. This work highlights the need to develop region-specific and potentially time-specific environmental baseline evaluation to improve forecast and warning skill.
Prevalence of Tympanic Membrane Perforations Among Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Kim Alexander S. , Betz Joshua F. , Reed Nicholas S. , Ward Bryan K. , Nieman Carrie L. 
Published: December 2021

Tympanic membrane (TM) perforations can occur at any age, but limited population‐level data are available. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we performed a cross‐sectional analysis of the prevalence and population estimates for TM perforations among individuals ≥12 years old in the United States. Overall, TM perforations have a prevalence of 2.1% (95% CI, 1.7%‐2.6%), corresponding to 5.8 million Americans. Across the life course, older adults have the highest prevalence of TM perforations at 6.1% (95% CI, 4.7%‐7.6%), corresponding to nearly 3 million Americans, as opposed to a prevalence of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.3%‐0.9%) in adolescents, which equates to 0.2 million Americans. Males and females have a similar prevalence at 2.3% (95% CI, 1.6%‐3.0%) among males and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.4%‐2.6%) among females. These prevalence and population estimates provide the first US‐based population estimates of the burden of TM perforations over the life course.
Impact of Tonsillectomy on the Life Quality of Parents to Children With Obstructive Sleep‐Disordered Breathing
Authors: Shteinberg Yair Heskiau , Eisenbach Netanel , Gruber Maayan , Ronen Ohad 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveParents of children with any chronic illness may experience increased anxiety and reduced health‐related quality of life (QoL). Our objective was to evaluate the change in parental QoL before vs after tonsillectomy. Our hypothesis was that pediatric tonsil surgery with or without adenoidectomy would improve parental QoL.Study DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingAn otolaryngology department in a tertiary academic center.MethodsWe enrolled parents of 79 children <5 years old. Adenotonsillectomy due to an obstructive airway indication was performed in 45 children. A group of 34 parents to healthy children served as a control group. Initially, we validated a modified version of the PAR‐ENT‐QoL questionnaire; then, we analyzed QoL parameters among parents of children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing before and after surgical treatment.ResultsWe found significant differences between the QoL score before and after surgery (P =. 003). The QoL score after surgery significantly improved and was even lower than that of the control group (P <. 001).ConclusionsThese results highlight the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing, as this condition may affect not only the children themselves but also their caregivers.
Corticosteroid Use in Otolaryngology: Current Considerations During the COVID‐19 Era
Authors: Chang C.W. David , McCoul Edward D. , Briggs Selena E. , Guardiani Elizabeth A. , Durand Marlene L. , Hadlock Tessa A. , Hillel Alexander T. , Kattar Nrusheel , Openshaw Peter J.M. , Osazuwa‐Peters Nosayaba , Poetker David M. , Shin Jennifer J. , Chandrasekhar Sujana S. , Bradford Carol R. , Brenner Michael J. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo offer pragmatic, evidence‐informed advice on administering corticosteroids in otolaryngology during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, considering therapeutic efficacy, potential adverse effects, susceptibility to COVID‐19, and potential effects on efficacy of vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2, which causes COVID‐19.Data SourcesPubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, and guideline databases.Review MethodsGuideline search strategies, supplemented by database searches on sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s palsy), sinonasal polyposis, laryngotracheal disorders, head and neck oncology, and pediatric otolaryngology, prioritizing systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and COVID‐19–specific findings.ConclusionsSystemic corticosteroids (SCSs) reduce long‐term morbidity in individuals with SSNHL and Bell’s palsy, reduce acute laryngotracheal edema, and have benefit in perioperative management for some procedures. Topical or locally injected corticosteroids are preferable for most other otolaryngologic indications. SCSs have not shown long‐term benefit for sinonasal disorders. SCSs are not a contraindication to vaccination with COVID‐19 vaccines approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention noted that these vaccines are safe for immunocompromised patients.Implications for PracticeSCS use for SSNHL, Bell’s palsy, laryngotracheal edema, and perioperative care should follow prepandemic standards. Local or topical corticosteroids are preferable for most other otolaryngologic indications. Whether SCSs attenuate response to vaccination against COVID‐19 or increase susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is unknown. Immunosuppression may lower vaccine efficacy, so immunocompromised patients should adhere to recommended infection control practices. COVID‐19 vaccination with Pfizer‐BioNTech, Moderna, or Johnson & Johnson vaccines is safe for immunocompromised patients.
Effect of Hepatitis C Viremia on Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Klein Kelsey , Nelson Joelle , Long Christina , Speeg Kermit , Alkhouri Naim , Hall Reed 
Published: December 2021

Introduction Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) can increase morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients. Although hepatitis C seropositivity is a known risk factor for PTDM, the impact of viremia versus no viremia at time of transplant is unknown. Project Aims This program evaluation sought to compare PTDM in hepatitis C seropositive patients with and without viremia at the time of liver transplant. Design This single-center retrospective review included adult hepatitis C seropositive liver transplant recipients transplanted between January 1, 2010 to September 5, 2017 without pretransplant diabetes. Primary outcome was PTDM within 1 year. Secondary outcomes included evaluating 1-year posttransplant death-censored graft loss, mortality, and metabolic outcomes. Results Fifty-seven liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C were included, of which 53% (n = 30) were viremic at transplant. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Significantly more patients with pretransplant viremia developed PTDM by 1-year posttransplant compared to the patients without viremia (43% vs 11%, P = 0.01). There were no differences between groups outside of more patients with viremia requiring antihypertensives by 1-year posttransplant compared to patients without viremia (57% vs 22%, P = 0.01). Conclusion Liver transplant patients with hepatitis C viremia at transplant were more likely to develop PTDM at 1 year compared to those without pretransplant viremia. This is an added consideration when deciding the timing of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) utilization in the context of liver transplant for hepatitis C seropositive patients.
Esterase D stabilizes FKBP25 to suppress mTORC1
Authors: Yang Yuejun , Chen Xinpeng , Yao Wen , Cui Xiaoling , Li Na , Lin ZhaoMin , Zhao Baoxiang , Miao Junying 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Esterase D (ESD) is a nonspecific esterase that detoxifies formaldehyde. Many reports have stated that ESD activity is associated with a variety of physiological and pathological processes. However, the detailed signaling pathway of ESD remains poorly understood.

Methods
Considering the advantages of the small chemical molecule, our recent work demonstrated that 4-chloro-2-(5-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl) phenol (FPD5) activates ESD, and will be a good tool for studying ESD further. Firstly, we determined the interaction between ESD and FK506 binding protein 25 (FKBP25) by yeast two-hybrid assay and co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) and analyzed the phosphorylation levels of mTORC1, P70S6K and 4EBP1 by western blot. Furthermore, we used the sulforhodamine B (SRB) and chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay to analyze cell viability in vitro and in vivo after treatment with ESD activator FPD5.

Results
We screened FKBP25 as a candidate protein to interact with ESD by yeast two-hybrid assay. Then we verified the interaction between ESD and endogenous FKBP25 or ectopically expressed GFP-FKBP25 by CO-IP. Moreover, the N-terminus (1–90 aa) domain of FKBP25 served as the crucial element for their interaction. More importantly, ESD reduced the K48-linked poly-ubiquitin chains of FKBP25 and thus stabilized cytoplasmic FKBP25. ESD also promoted FKBP25 to bind more mTORC1, suppressing the activity of mTORC1. In addition, ESD suppressed tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo through autophagy.

Conclusions
These findings provide novel evidence for elucidating the molecular mechanism of ESD and ubiquitination of FKBP25 to regulate autophagy and cancer cell growth. The ESD/FKBP25/mTORC1 signaling pathway is involved in inhibiting tumor cell growth via regulating autophagy.