bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-step reactive ion etching process for device integration of hafnium-zirconium-oxide (HZO)/titanium nitride (TiN) stacks
Authors: Mauersberger Tom , Trommer Jens , Sharma Saurabh , Knaut Martin , Pohl Darius , Rellinghaus Bernd , Mikolajick Thomas , Heinzig André 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The integration of new materials such as high-k dielectrics or metals into advanced CMOS gate stacks has led to major developments in plasma etching. The authors present a study which is dedicated to the etching of amorphous hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) and titanium nitride (TiN) layers with Ar/Cl2 chemistry in one single step. By adjusting the gas ratio and the inductively coupled plasma power, the etching process is shown to have a slow and well controllable etch rate for HZO and TiN. Additionally, a high selectivity between both materials and SiO2 can be achieved. Gate stack etching was successfully demonstrated and transmission electron microscopy-images revealed good anisotropic etching for HZO and TiN with an etch stop in SiO2 without damaging the silicon underneath. The process is further applied for the fabrication of metal-ferroelectric-metal capacitors, here TiN-HZO-TiN, and the feasibility of the chosen material combination is proven by electrical characterization. The strategy of using low temperature plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition for TiN-deposition and forming gas anneal after structuring leads to high remanent polarization-values.
Channel discord and distortion
Authors: Zhang Wei-Wei , Sanders Yuval R. , Sanders Barry C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Discord, originally notable as a signature of bipartite quantum correlation, in fact can be nonzero classically, i.e. arising from noisy measurements by one of the two parties. Here we redefine classical discord to quantify channel distortion, in contrast to the previous restriction of classical discord to a state, and we then show a monotonic relationship between classical (channel) discord and channel distortion. We show that classical discord is equivalent to (doubly stochastic) channel distortion by numerically discovering a monotonic relation between discord and total-variation distance for a bipartite protocol with one party having a noiseless channel and the other party having a noisy channel. Our numerical method includes randomly generating doubly stochastic matrices for noisy channels and averaging over a uniform measure of input messages. Connecting discord with distortion establishes discord as a signature of classical, not quantum, channel distortion.
Overview of the FTU results
Authors: Pucella G. , Alessi E. , Almaviva S. , Angelini B. , Apicella M.L. , Apruzzese G. , Aquilini M. , Artaserse G. , Baiocchi B. , Baruzzo M. , Belli F. , Bin W. , Bombarda F. , Boncagni L. , Briguglio S. , Bruschi A. , Buratti P. , Calabrò G. , Cappelli M. , Cardinali A. , Carlevaro N. , Carnevale D. , Carraro L. , Castaldo C. , Causa F. , Cavazzana R. , Ceccuzzi S. , Cefali P. , Centioli C. , Cesario R. , Cesaroni S. , Cianfarani C. , Ciotti M. , Claps G. , Cordella F. , Crisanti F. , Damizia Y. , D’Arcangelo O. , De Angeli M. , Di Ferdinando E. , Di Giovenale S. , Di Troia C. , Dodaro A. , Esposito B. , Falessi M. , Fanale F. , Farina D. , Figini L. , Fogaccia G. , Frigione D. , Fusco V. , Gabellieri L. , Gallerano G. , Garavaglia S. , Ghillardi G. , Giacomi G. , Giovannozzi E. , Gittini G. , Granucci G. , Grosso G. , Grosso L.A. , Iafrati M. , Laguardia L. , Lazzaro E. , Liuzza D. , Lontano M. , Maddaluno G. , Magagnino S. , Marinucci M. , Marocco D. , Mazzitelli G. , Mazzotta C. , Meineri C. , Mellera V. , Mezzacappa M. , Milovanov A. , Minelli D. , Mirizzi F.C. , Montani G. , Moro A. , Napoli F. , Nowak S. , Orsitto F.P. , Pacella D. , Pallotta F. , Palomba S. , Panaccione L. , Pensa A. , Pericoli-Ridolfini V. , Petrolini P. , Piergotti V. , Piron C. , Pizzuto A. , Podda S. , Puiatti M.E. , Ramogida G. , Raspante B. , Ravera G. , Ricci D. , Rispoli N. , Rocchi G. , Romano A. , Rubino G. , Rueca S. , Scisciò M. , Senni L. , Sibio A. , Simonetto A. , Sozzi C. , Tartari U. , Taschin A. , Tilia B. , Trentuno G. , Tuccillo A.A. , Tudisco O. , Tulli R. , Valisa M. , Vellucci M. , Viola B. , Vitale E. , Vlad G. , Zannetti D. , Zaniol B. , Zerbini M. , Zonca F. , Zotta V.K. , Angelone M. , Barcellona C. , Calacci L. , Caneve L. , Colao F. , Coppi B. , Galeani S. , Galperti C. , Gasior P. , Gromelski W. , Hoppe M. , Kubkowska M. , Lazic V. , Lehnen M. , Marinelli M. , Martinelli F. , Milani E. , Mosetti P. , Muscente P. , Nardon E. , Passeri M. , Reale A. , Sassano M. , Selce A. , Verona C. , Verona-Rinati G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Since the 2018 IAEA FEC Conference, FTU operations have been devoted to several experiments covering a large range of topics, from the investigation of the behaviour of a liquid tin limiter to the runaway electrons mitigation and control and to the stabilization of tearing modes by electron cyclotron heating and by pellet injection. Other experiments have involved the spectroscopy of heavy metal ions, the electron density peaking in helium doped plasmas, the electron cyclotron assisted start-up and the electron temperature measurements in high temperature plasmas. The effectiveness of the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy system has been demonstrated and the new capabilities of the runaway electron imaging spectrometry system for in-flight runaways studies have been explored. Finally, a high resolution saddle coil array for MHD analysis and UV and SXR diamond detectors have been successfully tested on different plasma scenarios.
Biosynthesis of CuO NPs and its anticancer activity on human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29)
Authors: obaid Maithm A. , Harbi Khalid Hellal , Abd Ahmed N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe environmentally friendly syntheses of the nanoparticles through the green way from the extracts of the plants has proven itself in the field of modern sciences, with improved drug efficiency and less toxicity. The study groups in the have bio-synthesized cost-effective and stable copper oxide nano-particles (CuONPs) from plant leaves (i.e. the Turmeric). A variety of the analytical approaches, like the UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-Transformation Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), have been utilized for the confirmation of the syntheses of the crystalline CuONPs from the extract of the turmeric leaves (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) pattern. Synthesized CuONPs have been tested as well for the anti-cancer activity with the use of the MTT (3- (4,5dimethyl-2tiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2tetrazolium bromide) assay on the cell lines of the human colon cancer (HT29). The results have shown that the synthesized CuONPs had a high anti-cancer cytotoxicity on the cell lines of the human colon cancer (HT-29) with an IC-50 value of 40 g mL-1, which was briefly addressed in the present paper.
Phase transition of RN-ERN coupled network in failure recovery process
Authors: Fu Cong , Li Xiaoyan , Zhao Hui , Chen Yuguang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We simulate the failure recovery process and study the phase transition from high network activity (HNA) state to low network activity (LNA) state of the coupled network consisting of a regular network (RN) and an Erdos-Rényi network (ERN). Two recovery mechanisms are considered, the internal recovery and the external recovery, in the failure recovery process. We find that the evolution of the coupled network is crucially dependent on the coupling strength c between the two subnetworks and the external recovery possibility r since RN is sensitive to external recovery. A weak coupling can drive coevolution of the subnetworks when r ≈ 1.0, while the synchronous HNA-LNA phase transition needs stronger coupling to occur when r is smaller. The internal recovery enhances the robustness of network which makes coevolution more difficult to take place.
Study on improving efficiency of a plasma synthetic jet through dynamic pressure supplemental air
Authors: Liu Rubing , Chen Yueshi , Mei Xiaoyin , Lin Qi , Zeng Yixuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To improve efficiency of a plasma synthetic jet (PSJ) under the high frequency actuation mode we investigated the effect of the pressure of supplemental air on efficiency of a PSJ actuator. First, the analytic model of the air supplement PSJ is established to analysis the effect of the air supplement pressure on the jet velocity of the PSJ. The theory analysis shows that the jet peck velocity and average velocity is increased dramatically. Furthermore, to reflect the efficiency performance of a PSJ in such mode, the average transform efficiency of the energy is used as an index which is calculated by the measured average jet speed and average discharging power consumption. The results show that the discharging parameters fluctuate dramatic in different actuation cycles in the high frequency actuation mode. And the average transform efficiency can be used to evaluate the efficiency in such mode. As the pressure of supplemental air increase, the average discharging power consumption decrease by up to 45.3% while the jet enhancement rate remains above 9% constantly. Overall the average transform efficiency is boosted by 1-2 orders of magnitude. The research reveals that the supplemental air can keep the gas discharging stable to improve the jet performance, and increase the efficiency of the PSJ.
Electronic transport through a silicene bilayer barrier
Authors: Shao Huaihua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We investigate the electronic transport properties of a finite-size silicene bilayer barrier. We got the boundary conditions at the interface of monolayer and bilayer silicene using the tight-binding model. By matching the wavefunctions, we got the transmission probability as a function of incident angle for several lengths of bilayer barrier and incident energys. We found that a clear resonant tunneling appears because of evanescent modes in bilayer silicene. We also calculate the conductance in a overlap configuration which displays an oscillatory behavior as increase of either incident energy or length of bilayer barrier.
Study of catecholate-functionalized zinc complex on carbon steel and its application to corrosion resistance
Authors: Che Xihong , Yuan Ronghui , Tang Licheng , Xiong Yudong , Wu Mengfan , Zhu Maihao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This work investigated the corrosion resistance of an acceptable composite coating obtained from catecholate-functionalized zinc complex (CFZ). The ion distribution states of catechol and Zn(II) at different pH values were calculated, and the anticorrosion of coatings on carbon steel by means of neutral salt spray test were specifically monitored. CFZ-steel was fabricated using 30 min electrodeposition of CFZ/Na2SO4 media at pH 9 on carbon steel. Lower corrosion degree of CFZ-steel in salt spray during oxidation process meant slight amount of corrosion attack on the steel surface. Also, the growth tendency of corrosion rate was gradually reduced, indicating a nonlinear relationship between corrosion rate and contact time. This indicated electrodeposition of CFZ was not only appropriate for the practical application of composite coatings to corrosion resistance but also a key step for extending the service life of carbon steel.
Anomalous transport on a corrugated ratchet potential
Authors: Mazzitello Karina Irma , Zarlenga Daniel Gustavo , Arizmendi Constancio Miguel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present an extensive study the motion of particles in a rocking ratchet potential corrugated by quenched correlated disorder. The spatial disorder slows down the collective motion of particles. Anomalous transport in its both forms, subdiffusion and superdiffusion has been observed at long times. We provide a qualitative explanation for the origin of these anomalies. These behaviors are a direct consequence of the interplay between the ratchet potential roughness and the temperature of the system. In the same way as Khoury et al [1], we find a relation between the mean velocity of the particles and the different kinds of diffusion at long time.
A detailed study of mode II test specimen with elastic or plastic crack tips by using boundary element method
Authors: Young Lih-jier , Ouyang Lin , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In linear elastic fracture mechanics the stress and strain magnification at the crack tip is characterized by stress intensity factors which have been obtained for a large variety of loading and specimen geometries and of course mode II test specimen included. In this paper not only different kinds of boundary conditions of the contact surfaces of the elastic crack tip will be discussed but the plastic one. The rotation of the center line of the specimen will also be discussed. The results show the powerful application of the BEM model in the specimen.
Reynolds number dependency of small scale structures in steady anisotropic turbulence produced by implicit large-eddy simulation
Authors: Oshibuchi Mayuka , Suzuki Hiroki , Mochizuki Shinsuke 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study presents small-scale fluctuation characteristics of anisotropic steady turbulence reproduced by implicit large eddy simulation (LES). The Reynolds number dependence of this small-scale fluctuation characteristic is approached in this study. This study focuses on that, a small scale turbulence field is not needed to be isotropic if the Reynolds number is sufficiently high. The anisotropic steady turbulence is maintained steady by using the forcing terms in the governing equations. The results of the implicit LES are compared with those obtained by direct numerical simulation (DNS) and LES based on the Smagorinsky model. Spatial derivatives are discretized using a fourth-order central difference scheme that conserves the kinetic energy of the turbulence field. The governing equations are integrated for the temporal direction using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results of enstrophy and small-scale turbulence characteristics quantified by the isotropy parameter are found to be consistent between the implicit LES and DNS.
Thermo-mechanic coupled damage simulation of idealized concrete material
Authors: Su Juan , Jiang Yongsheng , Chen Cheng , Guo Guanqun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Several special concrete structures are subjected to temperature cycling environment. Temperature cycling will influence the physical and mechanical behaviours of concrete material. As the number of loops of temperature cycling increases, the mechanical performance of concrete will decrease. Two different multi-phase composite numerical models for concrete are herein introduced in this paper. Based on damage development and evolution in the mortar and interface transition zone of concrete under temperature cycling, the thermo-mechanic coupled multi-scale behaviours of different groups of concrete were simulated. Afterwards, the failure process and failure mode of concrete material in uniaxial stress state was studied. It is found that the damage within concrete material concentrates on the interface transition zone under temperature cycling, and will develop in mortar as the number of loops of temperature cycling increases. Finally, it is verified that temperature cycling will remarkably influence the internal stress distribution and failure mode of concrete structures. The research findings of the present paper are conducive to improving the mechanical properties of aggregate concrete by optimizing the mix proportion.
Study on one-way transmission of acoustic wave based on metasurface
Authors: Wang Houjiang , Lin Wei , Gu Jincheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, using the characteristics of abnormal reflection metasurfaces that can produce different reflection angles, a method that can realize the one-way transmission of acoustic waves is designed, which is verified by simulation. And two different types of metasurface structures are used to verify the unidirectional transmission of acoustic waves. One is the acoustic impedance matching type metasurface, and the other is the geometric groove type metasurface. Based on the generalized Snell’s law, the principle of one-way transmission of sound waves is analyzed, and simulation is carried out by COMSOL multiphysics coupling simulation software, which verifies the theoretical analysis of one-way transmission of acoustic waves. The results of this study may have potential applications in architectural acoustics (such as noise control) and medicine (such as ultrasound therapy).
Time-series observation of the effects of kinetic energy conservation error on isotropic and anisotropic steady incompressible turbulence
Authors: Honda Ryoma , Suzuki Hiroki , Mochizuki Shinsuke 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of kinetic energy conservation error on isotropic and anisotropic steady incompressible turbulence fields. Results were obtained from time series of turbulent kinetic energy and static pressure fluctuation. A standard large-eddy simulation (LES) was used in the numerical analysis. The conservation error was generated using the Crank-Nicolson method. The result obtained using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method was used to set results of reference. The effects of the conservation error on the mean value of the global turbulent kinetic energy were found to be small. On the other hand, it was found that the time series and mean values of static pressure fluctuation root mean square (rms) were sensitive to the conservation error. This discrepancy in the static pressure fluctuation rms was able to be reduced by adjusting the value of the model constant used in the LES. However, this adjusted model constant caused an error in the global turbulent kinetic energy. These results were found in both isotropic and anisotropic turbulence fields.
Development of artificial compressibility method with elliptic relaxation approach
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Alam Feroz , Zhu Zefei , Sadrul Islam AKM 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
An artificial compressibility (AC) method resorting to the pressure-based algorithm is developed on a non-orthogonal non-staggered grid using a cell-centered finite-volume Δ-approximation for incompressible fluid flow problems. A pressure time-derivative is used to perturb the equation of continuity. This artifact provokes a density preconditioning which transforms conservative variables to primitive ones; the physical relevance of density preconditioning signifies to convoke compatible linearizations of residuals in collaboration with an AC parameter. The avoidance of pressure-velocity decoupling is enhanced by a consistently formulated cell-face dissipation approach, preserving an increased accuracy with a greater flexibility analogous to the MUSCL (monotone upstream-centered schemes for conservation laws) approach. An elliptic-relaxation scheme having accountability to promoting anisotropic diffusion coefficients is applied to smooth out the pressure residual. Numerical experiments dictate that pertaining to the pseudo-time integration method, the overall contrivance is benefited with an enhanced robustness having sensible oscillation damping characteristics.
Finite-time stabilization for a first-order hyperbolic system with integral kernel by boundary control
Authors: Zeng Caijin , Zhou Zhongcheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper consider the finite-time boundary stabilization for a first-order hyperbolic system with integral kernel and lower order term. Via choosing a suitable integral transformation converting the original system into a finite-time stable object system, then, we obtain the control law and certify the finite-time stabilization of the closed-loop system combined with the finite-time stability of object system and invertibility of forward transformation.
A discrete chicken swarm optimization for traveling salesman problem
Authors: Liu Yuanjie , Liu Qiang , Tang Zhi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a typical combinatorial optimization problem, and it is a NP-hard problem. The total number of routes increases exponentially with the number of cities, so it is great significance to design an effective algorithm to find the optimal solution accurately. Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO) is a new intelligent optimization algorithm, which is mainly proposed for continuous problems. It has the advantages of fast convergence speed and high convergence accuracy. This paper proposed a Discrete Chicken Swarm Optimization (DCSO) for TSP. The CSO is discretized by introducing the methods of swap, order crossover and reverse order mutation, where the search space of the solution is enlarged, and the diversity of the solution is increased. The typical TSP models are simulated and compared with the Basic Ant Colony Optimization and Genetic Algorithm to verify the feasibility of the presented method.
Enumeration formulas for standard young tableaux of approximate C shape
Authors: Li Qiuying , Li Feifei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the combinatorial enumeration of the truncated hollow standard Young tableaux of approximate C shape. The enumeration formula of approximately C-shaped SYT, namely the convolution of Catalan numbers, is derived by using the multi-integral method based on the sequence statistical model. Meanwhile, it is found that the first and last rows differ in the number of boxes. In the case where the number of boxes in the last row n is large enough, the number of SYT does not change, especially if m = 1, whether it is closely related to the Catalan number. In addition, we present two main closed formulas for SYTs of angular and “T” shapes.
Weakly weighted sharing and unicity of certain shift polynomials
Authors: Li Xu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the unicity problem of certain shift polynomials. Suppose that cj
(j = 1, …, s) be distinct complex numbers, n, m, s and μj
(j = 1, …, s) are integers satisfying n + m > 4σ + 14, where σ = μ
1 + μ
2 + … μs
. We prove that if

p
n

(
γ
)

(
p
(
γ
)
−
1
)

m

∏

j
=
1

s

p

(
γ
+

c
j

)

μ
j

and

q
n

(
γ
)

(
q
(
γ
)
−
1
)

m

∏

j
=
1

s

q

(
γ
+

c
j

)

μ
j

share ″(α(γ),0)″, then either

p
(
γ
)
≡
q
(
γ
)

or

p
n

(
p
−
1
)

m

∏

j
=
1

s

p

(
γ
+

c
j

)

μ
j

−

q
n

(
q
−
1
)

m

∏

j
=
1

s

q

(
γ
+

c
j

)

μ
j

. The results obtained greatly improve the results of Saha (Korean J. Math. 28(4)(2020)) and C. Meng (Mathematica Bohemica 139(2014)).
Gender differences in mathematics academic performance of high school students in western China
Authors: Jiang Peijie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The study describes gender differences in mathematics academic performance among high school students in western China. In this study, two research frameworks, knowledge structure and ability structure, were constructed to analyze the scores of western high school mathematics academic proficiency test, and the conclusion was drawn: female students’ mathematics academic performance in high school was significantly better than male students’; in sets, complex numbers, plane vectors, statistics, trigonometric functions, analytic geometry and functional knowledge modules, female students were significantly better than male students. There were no significant differences between male students and female students in common logic, inequalities, algorithms, probability, sequence, solid geometry and derivative knowledge modules. In terms of basic skills, mathematical operations and data analysis, female students were significantly better than male students. There were no significant differences between male students and female students in mathematical abstraction, logical reasoning and intuitive imagination. The design of mathematics curriculum and mathematics test should consider gender factors to ensure fairness.