bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gasoline price predictability: insights from consumer vehicle‐buying assessments
Authors: Baghestani Hamid 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study employs the random walk forecasts of US retail gasoline prices for 2001–2020 in order to investigate the potential usefulness of consumer vehicle‐buying assessments for predicting gasoline prices. We show that the random walk forecasts are free of systematic bias and imply symmetric loss, but they do not fully contain the information on consumer vehicle‐buying assessments. For instance, the random walk forecast errors fail to be orthogonal to the difference of opinion of consumers about whether the next 12 months or so will be a good time or a bad time to buy a new vehicle, and to the difference of opinion of consumers about vehicle prices (but not interest rates). In addition, the random walk forecast errors fail to be orthogonal to the change in consumer opinion about gasoline prices, fuel efficiency and poor selections (quality). Such findings remain unchanged when we use the ‘weakly’ rational forecasts of gasoline prices instead of the random walk benchmark. Put together, our results provide new insights into the potential usefulness of consumer vehicle‐buying assessments for predicting gasoline prices. We recommend forecasters pay special attention to such assessments when forecasting retail gasoline prices, since they can potentially help produce forecasts that are superior to both the random walk and ‘weakly’ rational forecasts.
Anti‐arrhythmic and anti‐heart failure effects of low‐level electrical stimulation on aortic root ventricular ganglionated plexi
Authors: Wang Hong‐Tao , Sun Hong‐Ke , Jin Ai‐Ping , Jiang Wei , Zhang Yan , Su Fei‐Fei , Zheng Qiang‐sun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt remains uncertain whether low‐level electrical stimulation (LL‐ES) of the ventricular ganglionated plexi (GP) improves heart function. This study investigated the anti‐arrhythmic and anti‐heart failure effects of LL‐ES of the aortic root ventricular GP (ARVGP).MethodsThirty dogs were divided randomly into control, drug, and LL‐ES groups after performing rapid right ventricular pacing to establish a heart failure (HF) model. The inducing rate of arrhythmia; levels of bioactive factors influencing HF, including angiotensin II type I receptor (AT‐1R), transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (p‐ERK1/2); left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)were measured after treatment with placebo, drugs, and LL‐ES.ResultsThe inducing rate of atrial arrhythmia decreased from 60% in the control group to 50% in the drug group and 10% in the LL‐ES group (p = .033 vs. drug group) after 1 week of treatment. The ventricular effective refractory period was prolonged from 139 ± 8 ms in the drug group to 166 ± 13 ms in the LL‐ES group (p = .001). Compared to the drug group, the expressions of AT‐1R, TGF‐β, and MMP proteins were down‐regulated in the LL‐ES group, whereas that of p‐ERK1/2 was significantly increased (all p = .001). Moreover, in the LL‐ES group, LVSV increased markedly from 13.16 ± 0.22 to 16.86 ± 0.27 mL, relative to that in the drug group (p = .001), and LVEF increased significantly from 38.48% ± 0.53% to 48.94% ± 0.57% during the same time frame (p = .001).ConclusionShort‐term LL‐ES of ARVGP had both anti‐arrhythmic and anti‐inflammatory effects and contributed to the treatment of tachycardia‐induced HF and its associated arrhythmia.
Information Sharing in an Online Marketplace with Co‐opetitive Sellers
Authors: Li Guo , Tian Lin , Zheng Hong 
Published: May 2021

In recent years, the rapid development of online marketplaces has given rise not only to co‐opetitive relationships between sellers but also to information asymmetries between online marketplaces and sellers. This study studies information sharing in an e‐commerce setting consisting of an online marketplace, an upstream manufacturer and a reseller, where the online marketplace possesses superior demand information, while the manufacturer and reseller engage in a co‐opetitive structure. The reseller procures products from the manufacturer under a wholesale price contract, and both the manufacturer and reseller sell the products through the online marketplace by paying a proportional commission fee. We examine four information‐sharing scenarios: no information sharing (S1), full information sharing (S2), information sharing only with the manufacturer (S3), and information sharing only with the reseller (S4). Our analysis shows that when the intensity of competition between the manufacturer and reseller is relatively low and demand variability is moderate, the online marketplace prefers full information sharing; otherwise, it prefers to share its demand information only with the manufacturer. Moreover, interestingly, we find that the manufacturer always prefers the scenario with full information sharing to the scenario that endows her with an informational advantage over the reseller. In contrast, depending on the competitive intensity and demand variability, the reseller prefers either the scenario in which the online marketplace shares demand information with him only or that in which demand information is shared with the manufacturer only. Furthermore, we find that the equilibrium information‐sharing outcome can be either full information sharing or information sharing only with the manufacturer. The rationale behind these results hinges on the interactions among the signaling cost, efficiency effect, and co‐opetitive relationship between the manufacturer and reseller.
Transfusion practices in a large cohort of hospitalized children
Authors: Nellis Marianne E. , Goel Ruchika , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Birch Rebecca , Patel Ravi M. , Karafin Matthew S. , Hanson Sheila J. , Sachais Bruce S. , Hauser Ronald George , Luban Naomi L. C. , Gottschall Jerome , Sola‐Visner Martha , Josephson Cassandra D. , Karam Oliver ,   for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐IV‐Pediatric (REDS‐IV‐P)
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile previous studies have described the use of blood components in subsets of children, such as the critically ill, little is known about transfusion practices in hospitalized children across all departments and diagnostic categories. We sought to describe the utilization of red blood cell, platelet, plasma, and cryoprecipitate transfusions across hospital settings and diagnostic categories in a large cohort of hospitalized children.Study Design and MethodsThe public datasets from 11 US academic and community hospitals that participated in the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III) were accessed. All nonbirth inpatient encounters of children 0–18 years of age from 2013 to 2016 were included.Results61,770 inpatient encounters from 41,943 unique patients were analyzed. Nine percent of encounters involved the transfusion of at least one blood component. RBC transfusions were most common (7.5%), followed by platelets (3.9%), plasma (2.5%), and cryoprecipitate (0.9%). Children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were most likely to be transfused. For the entire cohort, the median (interquartile range) pretransfusion laboratory values were as follows: hemoglobin, 7.9 g/dl (7.1–10.4 g/dl); platelet count, 27 × 109 cells/L (14–54 × 109 cells/L); and international normalized ratio was 1.6 (1.4–2.0). Recipient age differences were observed in the frequency of RBC irradiation (95% in infants, 67% in children, p < .001) and storage duration of RBC transfusions (median storage duration of 12 [8–17] days in infants and 20 [12–29] days in children, p < .001).ConclusionBased on a cohort of patients from 2013 to 2016, the transfusion of blood components is relatively common in the care of hospitalized children. The frequency of transfusion across all pediatric hospital settings, especially in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, highlights the opportunities for the development of institutional transfusion guidelines and patient blood management initiatives.
Generalized Predictions of Particle-Vane Retention Probability in Gas Turbine Engines
Authors: Ellis Matthew , Bojdo Nicholas , Covey-Crump Stephen , Jones Merren , Filippone Antonio , Pawley Alison 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The ingestion of airborne particulate into aircraft engines is an undesirable consequence of their operation, particularly in and out of arid locations that leads to reduced time between overhaul. Predicting the maintenance burden in environments rich in airborne particulate is made difficult by the large number of parameters that influence the likelihood of retention of the particles on nozzle guide vanes. In this contribution, we propose a new, reduced-order model that can predict the probability of particle retention as a function of a reduced set of independent variables relating to both the carrier gas flow and particle. Two-dimensional CFD simulations of particle deposition are performed on the General Electric E3 nozzle guide vane using the existing, energy-based fouling of gas turbines (EBFOG) particle deposition model. Results from the model are compared with experimental observations of particle deposition and show good agreement with the mass fraction retained by a vane. We introduce a function that allows the probability of retention to be calculated for a range of engine operating states and architectures by defining a new dimensionless parameter, the generalized thermal Stokes number. This parameter normalizes the thermal response of a particle for all gas and particle softening temperatures allowing the retention probability function to be applied universally. Finally, we demonstrate a practical use of this model by showing its use in calculating the accumulation factor for a particle size distribution.
Prediction of the Acoustic Reflection in a Realistic Aeroengine Intake With Three Numerical Methods to Analyze Fan Flutter
Authors: Bontemps Thomas , Aubert Stephane , de Pret Maxime 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
For a particular range of frequencies, an acoustic coupling between the fan and the air intake can modify fan stability regarding flutter. Previous works have shown that characterizing the reflection on the intake opening might be a cru- cial element to target operating points for which the risk of acoustic driven flutter is high. To do so, three methodologies are compared in this paper: an aeroelastic CFD simulation, an acoustic potential simulation and an analytical model. Each of them has a different fidelity level and computational cost, what makes their usage more beneficial at some step in the design process. It is shown that results of aeroelastic CFD and acoustic potential simulations are in excellent agreement. Fast acoustic simulations are then a good option in the early design process. The analytical model presents an important error mainly on the phase, and should be adapted before usage.
Architecture-Dependent Mechano-Adaptation in Single Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Cook Bernard L. , Chau Christina J. , Alford Patrick W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractArteries grow and remodel following mechanical perturbation. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) within the artery undergo hyperplasia, hypertrophy, or change their contractility following sustained changes in loading. Experimental evidence in vivo and in vitro suggests that VSMCs grow and remodel to maintain a constant transmural stress, or “target” stress. This behavior is often described using a stress-dependent finite growth framework. Typically, computational models of arterial growth and remodeling account for VSMC behavior in a constrained mixture formulation that incorporates behavior of each component of the artery. However, these models do not account for differential VSMC architecture observed in situ, which may significantly influence growth and remodeling behavior. Here, we used cellular microbiaxial stretching (CμBS) to characterize how VSMCs with different cytoskeletal architectures respond to a sustained step change in strain. We find that VSMC F-actin architecture becomes more aligned following stretch and retains this alignment after 24 h. Further, we find that VSMC stress magnitude depends on cellular architecture. Qualitatively, however, stress behavior following stretch is consistent across cell architectures—stress increases following stretch and returns to prestretch magnitudes after 24 h. Finally, we formulated an architecture-dependent targeted growth law that accounts for experimentally measured cytoskeletal alignment and attributes stress evolution to individual fiber growth and find that this model robustly captures long-term stress evolution in single VSMCs. These results suggest that VSMC mechano-adaptation depends on cellular architecture, which has implications for growth and remodeling in regions of arteries with differential architecture, such as at bifurcations.
Mechanobiology of Pulmonary Diseases: A Review of Engineering Tools to Understand Lung Mechanotransduction
Authors: Novak Caymen , Ballinger Megan N. , Ghadiali Samir 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCells within the lung micro-environment are continuously subjected to dynamic mechanical stimuli which are converted into biochemical signaling events in a process known as mechanotransduction. In pulmonary diseases, the abrogated mechanical conditions modify the homeostatic signaling which influences cellular phenotype and disease progression. The use of in vitro models has significantly expanded our understanding of lung mechanotransduction mechanisms. However, our ability to match complex facets of the lung including three-dimensionality, multicellular interactions, and multiple simultaneous forces is limited and it has proven difficult to replicate and control these factors in vitro. The goal of this review is to (a) outline the anatomy of the pulmonary system and the mechanical stimuli that reside therein, (b) describe how disease impacts the mechanical micro-environment of the lung, and (c) summarize how existing in vitro models have contributed to our current understanding of pulmonary mechanotransduction. We also highlight critical needs in the pulmonary mechanotransduction field with an emphasis on next-generation devices that can simulate the complex mechanical and cellular environment of the lung. This review provides a comprehensive basis for understanding the current state of knowledge in pulmonary mechanotransduction and identifying the areas for future research.
Interpretation of Experimental Data is Substantial for Constitutive Characterization of Arterial Tissue
Authors: Lisický Ondřej , Hrubanová Anna , Burša Jiří 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper aims at evaluation of mechanical tests of soft tissues and creation of their representative stress–strain responses and respective constitutive models. Interpretation of sets of experimental results depends highly on the approach to the data analysis. Their common representation through mean and standard deviation may be misleading and give nonrealistic results. In the paper, raw data of seven studies consisting of 11 experimental data sets (concerning carotid wall and atheroma tissues) are re-analyzed to show the importance of their rigorous analysis. The sets of individual uniaxial stress–stretch curves are evaluated using three different protocols: stress-based, stretch-based, and constant-based, and the population-representative response is created by their mean or median values. Except for nearly linear responses, there are substantial differences between the resulting curves, being mostly the highest for constant-based evaluation. But also the stretch-based evaluation may change the character of the response significantly. Finally, medians of the stress-based responses are recommended as the most rigorous approach for arterial and other soft tissues with significant strain stiffening.
Augmentation of Pure Mixed Convection Heat Transfer in a Non-Newtonian Power-Law Fluid Filled Lid-Driven Trapezoidal Cavity With Double Rotating Cylinders
Authors: Prince Hasib Ahmed , Redwan Didarul Ahasan , Rozin Enamul Hasan , Saha Sudipta , Mamun Mohammad Arif Hasan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, a numerical investigation on mixed convection inside a trapezoidal cavity with a pair of rotating cylinders has been conducted. Three different power-law fluid indexes (n = 1.4, 1.0, and 0.6) have been considered to model different sets of non-Newtonian fluids. Four separate cases are considered based on the rotational orientation of the cylinders within the cavity. In the first two cases, the cylinders rotate in the same direction, i.e., both counterclockwise (CCW), and both clockwise (CW), whereas, in the other two cases, cylinders rotate in opposite directions (CW–CCW and CCW–CW). Simulations have been carried out over a broad range of Reynolds number (from 0.5 to 500) and angular speeds (a dimensionless value from 0 to 10). The average Nusselt number values at the isothermal hot inclined cavity surface are determined to evaluate heat transfer performance in various circumstances. Streamlines and isotherm contours are also plotted for a better understanding of the effects of different cases for various parameters on thermal and fluid flow fields. It is found that the Nusselt number varies nonlinearly with different angular speeds of the cylinders. The combined effect of the mixing induced by cylinder rotation and viscosity characteristics of the fluid dictates the heat transfer in the system. Predictions from the numerical investigation provide insights into the sets of key parametric configurations that have a dominant influence on the thermal performance of the lid-driven cavity with double rotating cylinders.
Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement Due to Flow Agitators Between Fins
Authors: Patki Aditya , Krishnan Shankar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper investigates the heat transfer characteristics of a channel system consisting of mean axial flow and oscillatory cross flow components. A numerical model has been developed to solve the governing equations associated with the flow. The paper identifies advection, diffusion, and oscillation time scales and intensity of squeezing in the channel as critical parameters controlling system behavior. The total Reynolds number parameter is considered in the paper to understand the combined effect of axial and transverse Reynolds numbers on the Nusselt number. Flow visualization techniques are used to understand the boundary layer changes that occur over an oscillation cycle. Nusselt number is found to increase with a reduction in advection and oscillation time scales. A linear relationship is observed between the Nusselt number and total Reynolds number when the axial and transverse Reynolds numbers are comparable. Nondimensional pressure drop is primarily defined by only two parameters: axial Reynolds number and squeezing fraction. The flow visualization results indicate significant heat transfer enhancement in a small fraction of the oscillation cycle characterized by flow conditions similar to Couette flow.
Seismic Fragility of Piping Nozzles in Nuclear Power Plants: A Case for Updating the Current State-of-Practice
Authors: Gupta Abhinav , Dubey Ankit R. , Cho Sung-Gook 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nuclear industry spends enormous time and resources on designing and managing piping nozzles in a plant. Nozzle locations are considered as a potential location for possible failure that can lead to loss of coolant accident. Industry spends enormous time in condition monitoring and margin management at nozzle locations. Margins against seismic loads play a significant role in the overall margin management. Available margins against thermal loads are highly dependent upon seismic margins. In recent years, significant international collaboration has been undertaken through Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) to study the seismic margin in piping systems and nozzles through experimental and analytical studies. It has been observed that piping nozzles are highly overdesigned and the margins against seismic loads are quite high. While this brings a perspective of sufficient safety, such excessively high margins compete with available margins against thermal loads particularly during the life extension and subsequent license renewal (SLR) studies being conducted by many plants around the world. This paper focuses on identifying and illustrating two key reasons that lead to excessively conservative estimates of nozzle fragilities. First, it compares fragilities based on conventional seismic analysis that ignores piping–equipment–structure interaction on nozzle fragility with the corresponding assessment by considering such interactions. Then, it presents a case that the uncertainties considered in various parameters for calculating nozzle fragility are excessively high. The paper identifies a need to study the various uncertainties in order to achieve a more realistic quantification based on recent developments in our understanding of the seismic behavior of piping systems.
Hybrid Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of High-Speed Thin-Rimmed Gears
Authors: Liu Changzhao , Zhao Yu , Wang Yong , Zhang Tie , Jia Hanjie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, a hybrid dynamic model of high-speed thin-rimmed gears is developed. In this model, the translational and angular displacements (including the rigid and vibration displacements) with a total of six degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) are selected as the generalized coordinates for each gear, and the meshing force distributions along the contact line and between the teeth are considered. Thus, the model can be implemented under stationary and nonstationary conditions. The condensed finite element models (FEMs) are developed with the centrifugal and inertia forces for gear bodies. This paper proposes a novel method to couple the lumped-parameter model and condensed finite element model for the hybrid dynamic model system, which considers the variation of the meshing tooth during the gear operation, namely, the variations of the acting point of meshing force. Based on the model, the dynamic analysis of high-speed thin-rimmed gears is conducted under stationary speed and acceleration processes. The effects of the flexible gear body, high speed, and tooth errors on the system dynamics and tooth load distribution are investigated. The analysis results are also compared with the current reference and pure finite element method to validate the proposed model.
Novel Endoscope Control Assessment System Using Video and Magnetic Tracking
Authors: Ferri Alexandra , Hussain Saira , Pauli Eric , Haluck Randy , Fell Barry , Moore Jason 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Colonoscopy procedures are commonly performed to diagnose and prevent colorectal cancer. These procedures require highly trained practitioners to perform complex maneuvers with an endoscope. Extensive training is necessary to become proficient. To improve assessment during endoscope training the novel endoscopic control assessment system (ECAS) is proposed. This device uses a magnetic tracker to track the end of the endoscope in manikin training. In addition, camera imaging is used to track the angle of the control knobs during the training. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the magnetic tracker could sense the full range of motion of the endoscope. Experiment 2 showed that the control knob angle could be accurately tracked through 4 positions to within 0.6° accuracy. The feasibility of the ECAS system was shown and in the future, this can be employed as an effective means of assessing endoscopic training performance.