bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance P‐Channel Tin Halide Perovskite Thin Film Transistor Utilizing a 2D–3D Core–Shell Structure
Authors: Kim Junghwan , Shiah Yu‐Shien , Sim Kihyung , Iimura Soshi , Abe Katsumi , Tsuji Masatake , Sasase Masato , Hosono Hideo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetal halide perovskites (MHPs) are plausible candidates for practical p‐type semiconductors. However, in thin film transistor (TFT) applications, both 2D PEA2SnI4 and 3D FASnI3 MHPs have different drawbacks. In 2D MHP, the TFT mobility is seriously reduced by grain‐boundary issues, whereas 3D MHP has an uncontrollably high hole density, which results in quite a large threshold voltage (Vth). To overcome these problems, a new concept based on a 2D–3D core–shell structure is herein proposed. In the proposed structure, a 3D MHP core is fully isolated by a 2D MHP, providing two desirable effects as follows. (i) Vth can be independently controlled by the 2D component, and (ii) the grain‐boundary resistance is significantly improved by the 2D/3D interface. Moreover, SnF2 additives are used, and they facilitate the formation of the 2D/3D core–shell structure. Consequently, a high‐performance p‐type Sn‐based MHP TFT with a field‐effect mobility of ≈25 cm2 V−1 s−1 is obtained. The voltage gain of a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverter comprising an n‐channel InGaZnOx TFT and a p‐channel Sn‐MHP TFT is ≈200 V/V at VDD = 20 V. Overall, the proposed 2D/3D core–shell structure is expected to provide a new route for obtaining high‐performance MHP TFTs.
Progress of Metal‐Free Visible‐Light‐Driven α‐C−H Functionalization of Tertiary Amines: A Decade Journey
Authors: Deb Mohit L. , Saikia B. Shriya , Borpatra Paran J. , Baruah Pranjal K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis review article gives an update on the metal‐free photocatalyzed and photocatalyzed‐free α‐C−H functionalizations of tertiary amines promoted by visible light. C−H activation is one of the easiest and step‐economic strategies to functionalize the α‐C−H bond of tertiary amines. Various important nitrogen heterocycles having biological significance can be synthesized using α‐C−H functionalization of tertiary amines. In addition to thermal reactions, many such reactions have been reported using visible light as it is abundant, renewable and green alternative for organic transformations. However, the high price of transition metal photocatalyst prevents its use. In contrast, organic photocatalysts are inexpensive, environment friendly and easy to handle. Therefore, visible‐light‐promoted metal‐free photoredox catalysis (or photocatalyst‐free reactions) is being used recently. Although several research articles have been published in this area, no review articles have been reported recently. Here, we have discussed the reactions from the year 2011 to till date with concise discussion about their plausible mechanisms. We believe that the content of this review will guide the readers to develop more such visible‐light‐promoted reactions using metal‐free photocatalysts or avoiding catalysts if possible.
Synthesis of α‐Ketoamides via Electrochemical Decarboxylative Acylation of Isocyanides Using α‐Ketoacids as an Acyl Source
Authors: Zhao Yuhan , Meng Xia , Cai Changqun , Wang Lingyun , Gong Hang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA catalyst‐, transition metal‐, oxidant‐free strategy for the synthesis of α‐ketoamides via an electrochemical decarboxylative acylation of isocyanides at room temperature with carbon dioxide as a sole by‐product was developed in this work. This is a simple, rapid and practical strategy under mild conditions for synthesizing highly functionalized α‐ketoamides with high atom economy.
Spin‐State Manipulation of Two‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework with Enhanced Metal–Oxygen Covalency for Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Lv Qingliang , Zhu Zhuo , Ni Youxuan , Geng Jiarun , Li Fujun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAprotic Li−O2 batteries have attracted extensive attention in the past decade owing to their high theoretical energy density; however, they are obstructed by the sluggish reaction kinetics at the cathode and large voltage hysteresis. We regulate the spin state of partial Ni2+ metal centers (t2g6eg2) of conductive nickel catecholate framework (NiII‐NCF) nanowire arrays to high‐valence Ni3+ (t2g6eg1) for NiIII‐NCF. The spin‐state modulation enables enhanced nickel–oxygen covalency in NiIII‐NCF, which facilitates electron exchange between the Ni sites and oxygen adsorbates and accelerates the oxygen redox kinetics. Upon discharging, the high affinity of Ni3+ sites with the intermediate LiO2 promotes formation of nanosheet‐like Li2O2 in the void space among NiIII‐NCF nanowires. The Li−O2 battery based on NiIII‐NCF offers remarkably reduced discharge/charge voltage gaps, superior rate capability, and a long cycling stability of over 200 cycles. This work highlights the importance of electron spin state on the redox kinetics and will provide insight into electronic structure regulation of electrocatalysts for Li−O2 batteries and beyond.
Maximizing with‐profit pensions without guarantees
Authors: Boado‐Penas M. Carmen , Eisenberg Julia , Krühner Paul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPension providers are currently running into trouble mainly due to the ultra‐low interest rates and the guarantees associated to some pension benefits. In this paper, we aim to reduce the pension volatility and provide adequate pension levels—with no guarantees—through a new pension design. Under this design, the individual's premium is split into an individual and a collective account, both invested in funds. When the return from the individual fund exceeds a predefined corridor, a certain number of units is transferred to or from the collective account. In this way, the volatility of the individual fund is smoothed. By controlling the corridor width, we maximize the total accumulated capital at retirement.
Tangerine peel ashes applied as green catalyst: a biorefinery‐based approach for biodiesel production
Authors: de Oliveira Keverson G. , de Lima Ramoni Renan S. , Moura Heloise M. de A. , Bicudo Tatiana de C. , S. de Carvalho Luciene 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this research, a greener heterogeneous catalyst (named TPC) was obtained from ‘Ponkan’ tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco) peel ashes. TPC was efficient for biodiesel production through the methyl route using refined soybean oil and waste cooking oil as raw materials in a biorefinery‐based approach. Eight catalyst samples were prepared via calcination of the ashes at 700 °C (TPC7), 800 °C (TPC8) and 900 °C (TPC9), and blends of TPC7 with CaCO3 and K2CO3. All the catalysts were employed in preliminary tests for the transesterification reactions. A set of characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared and spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, X‐ray fluorescence, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray, CO2‐desorption at programmed temperature, thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, and the Hammett basicity test were performed for catalysts assessment. The X‐ray diffractometry patterns showed peaks associated with characteristic phases of K2CO3, CaCO3, K2Ca(CO3)2, MgO and CaO, confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy and X‐ray fluorescence. CO2‐desorption at programmed temperature data demonstrated the presence of basic sites in the TPC catalysts. The experimental evaluation by response surface methodology using the D‐Optimal design showed that the reaction time effect (F = 19.04, P‐value = 0.0005) and its interaction with the molar ratio effect are the most significant parameters to improve the yield of refined soybean oil biodiesel. The selected reaction conditions promoted a methyl ester conversion higher than 92%, as calculated from 1H NMR data. Furthermore, the production of waste cooking oil biodiesel was effective using TPC7 and TPC8 catalysts, allowing a sustainable and economic feasibility process. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Lignocellulosic waste biomass for biohydrogen production: future challenges and bio‐economic perspectives
Authors: Bhatia Latika , Sarangi Prakash Kumar , Singh Akhilesh Kumar , Prakash Anand , Shadangi Krushna Prasad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe reduction of greenhouse gases in the automobile and industrial sectors has been a focus of global concern due to their adverse effects on the environment. This has led to a search for clean, green, and sustainable biobased energy sources. Green energy sources have a positive effect on the environment. Lignocellulosic waste biomass from various agro‐processing and industrial sources has a strong potential for mitigating energy crises in the future, supplying green energy produced by biochemical and thermochemical conversion processes. Amongst all of the biofuels, biohydrogen is a promising option. It has a high energy content and can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass by microbial fermentation processes. In this review, recent advances in various aspects of biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass‐like processes are described. Future challenges and opportunities for hydrogen production from waste are summarized critically. Bioeconomic perspectives on biohydrogen production from waste biomass are explained. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysed by Supported Nanoparticles: Advancements and Challenges
Authors: Patowary Suranjana , Chetry Rashmi , Goswami Chiranjita , Chutia Bhugendra , Bharali Pankaj 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the fundamental reactions that occur on the cathode of fuel cells. The sluggish kinetics of ORR and the high cost of the conventionally used ORR electrocatalyst mandate extensive research towards the development of inexpensive, high‐performance and stable electrocatalysts. Various supported nanostructures of pristine noble metals and its alloys, transition metals/metal oxides (MOs), chalcogens/pnictogens doped metals/MOs, etc. have attracted great attention towards ORR in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. This review primarily documents the recent advancements and challenges of supported nanomaterials with fascinating properties towards ORR. This study focuses on the use of carbon‐based materials as support. The significant factors like size, morphology, hetero‐atom doping, defects and interfaces (metal/metal, metal/oxide and metal/hydroxide) that can tailor ORR activity are portrayed elaborately. The electrochemical techniques and parameters that are adopted mainly during data collection and evaluation of ORR are also discussed.
Green Synthesis of Self‐Supported Ni−Fe Oxyhydroxide Pagoda‐Shaped Nanocone Arrays for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Qi , Wang Jiayi , Yu Kaishan , Xu Ziyi , Sheng Xiangxiang , Shen Junyu , Zhang Qijian , Liu Wanhui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNowadays, stainless steel (SS) based electrode has gained extensive interest for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to its low‐cost and high efficiency. However, the problem of hazardous Cr dissolving out from the SS during the surface treatment needs to be solved urgently. Herein, we report a kind of self‐supported Ni−Fe oxyhydroxide pagoda‐shaped nanocone array prepared through an environmentally friendly method, which can be developed as an electrocatalyst for OER with low overpotential, small Tafel slope, and good stability under alkaline condition. This route ensures good catalytic performance of the prepared electrode and eliminates the leach of Cr ion at the same time.
MOF‐Stabilized Perfluorinated Palladium Cages Catalyze the Additive‐Free Aerobic Oxidation of Aliphatic Alcohols to Acids
Authors: Greco Rossella , Tiburcio‐Fortes Estefania , Fernandez Antonio , Marini Carlo , Vidal‐Moya Alejandro , Oliver‐Meseguer Judit , Armentano Donatella , Pardo Emilio , Ferrando‐Soria Jesús , Leyva‐Pérez Antonio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExtremely high electrophilic metal complexes, composed by a metal cation and very electron poor σ‐donor ancillary ligands, are expected to be privileged catalysts for oxidation reactions in organic chemistry. However, their low lifetime prevents any use in catalysis. Here we show the synthesis of fluorinated pyridine‐Pd2+ coordinate cages within the channels of an anionic tridimensional metal‐organic framework (MOF), and their use as efficient metal catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of aliphatic alcohols to carboxylic acids without any additive. Mechanistic studies strongly support that the MOF‐stabilized coordination cage with perfluorinated ligands unleashes the full electrophilic potential of Pd2+ to dehydrogenate primary alcohols, without any base, and also to activate O2 for the radical oxidation to the aldehyde intermediate. This study opens the door to design catalytic perfluorinated complexes for challenging organic transformations, where an extremely high electrophilic metal site is required.
Species boundaries in the messy middle—A genome‐scale validation of species delimitation in a recently diverged lineage of coastal fog desert lichen fungi
Authors: Jorna Jesse , Linde Jackson B. , Searle Peter C. , Jackson Abigail C. , Nielsen Mary‐Elise , Nate Madeleine S. , Saxton Natalie A. , Grewe Felix , Herrera‐Campos María de los Angeles , Spjut Richard W. , Wu Huini , Ho Brian , Lumbsch H. Thorsten , Leavitt Steven D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpecies delimitation among closely related species is challenging because traditional phenotype‐based approaches, for example, using morphology, ecological, or chemical characteristics, may not coincide with natural groupings. With the advent of high‐throughput sequencing, it has become increasingly cost‐effective to acquire genome‐scale data which can resolve previously ambiguous species boundaries. As the availability of genome‐scale data has increased, numerous species delimitation analyses, such as BPP and SNAPP+Bayes factor delimitation (BFD*), have been developed to delimit species boundaries. However, even empirical molecular species delimitation approaches can be biased by confounding evolutionary factors, for example, hybridization/introgression and incomplete lineage sorting, and computational limitations. Here, we investigate species boundaries and the potential for micro‐endemism in a lineage of lichen‐forming fungi, Niebla Rundel & Bowler, in the family Ramalinaceae by analyzing single‐locus and genome‐scale data consisting of (a) single‐locus species delimitation analysis using ASAP, (b) maximum likelihood‐based phylogenetic tree inference, (c) genome‐scale species delimitation models, e.g., BPP and SNAPP+BFD, and (d) species validation using the genealogical divergence index (gdi). We specifically use these methods to cross‐validate results between genome‐scale and single‐locus datasets, differently sampled subsets of genomic data and to control for population‐level genetic divergence. Our species delimitation models tend to support more speciose groupings that were inconsistent with traditional taxonomy, supporting a hypothesis of micro‐endemism, which may include morphologically cryptic species. However, the models did not converge on robust, consistent species delimitations. While the results of our analysis are somewhat ambiguous in terms of species boundaries, they provide a valuable perspective on how to use these empirical species delimitation methods in a nonmodel system. This study thus highlights the challenges inherent in delimiting species, particularly in groups such as Niebla, with complex, relatively recent phylogeographic histories.
Corporate failure prediction using threshold‐based models
Authors: Veganzones David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCorporate failure prediction literature indicates that models' performance depends on more than the complexity of the prediction method. Recent advances cite the relevance of sampling approaches to model performance. Therefore, this study proposes a novel approach that implements threshold models for corporate failure prediction efforts. Threshold models estimate asymptotically conservative confidence regions, in which the samples are split by size. Then, single‐based classifiers and a combination of multiple classifiers are employed in each region to estimate the prediction accuracy. This article offers a comparison of the proposed threshold‐based corporate failure model with two benchmark models, previously used in studies in the same context. The empirical results show that the proposed threshold‐based model clearly outperforms conventional models, in particular with the combination of multiple classifiers. The superiority of the threshold‐based model stems from its ability to discern failed firms, which represent the most important class in financial terms. This study thus provides initial evidence of the utility of threshold models in corporate failure prediction efforts.
Stereotactic radiotherapy as planned boost after definitive radiotherapy for head and neck cancers: Systematic review
Authors: Kim Michael S. , Malik Nauman H. , Chen Hanbo , Poon Ian , Husain Zain , Eskander Antoine , Boldt Gabriel , Louie Alexander V. , Karam Irene 
Published: December 2021

AbstractManagement of locoregionally advanced head and neck cancers (HNCs) remains a challenge. Some groups have attempted to use stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) to deliver “boost” treatment following conventional radiotherapy to improve local control (LC) and overall survival (OS), while aiming for acceptable toxicities. Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were queried for SBRT as curative‐intent planned boost in HNC after conventional radiotherapy. Individual studies were reviewed from inception until January 2021, extracting patient, treatment, and outcome data. Nine studies met inclusion criteria, representing 454 unique patients treated with curative intent across multiple head and neck sites with conventional radiotherapy. At 3 years, median LC was 92% (90%–98%), and median OS was 80% (75%–91%). Seven treatment‐related grade 5 toxicities (1.5%) were reported. Despite acceptable LC and OS rates, there were severe treatment‐related late toxicities. As such, SBRT boost should only be used in investigational settings until more data is available.
Heavy metals exposure is associated with early liver dysfunction among rural residents aged 40–75 years in southwest China
Authors: Yang Zhirui , Li Xiaomeng , Tian Lin , Song Yang , Zhang Yu , Chen Jinyao , Zhang Lishi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHeavy metals exposure has been associated with liver dysfunction in recent reports, while the hepatoxicity of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) has been well established. However, the combined effects of multi‐metal in real‐world scenario on liver dysfunction are still unclear. This cross‐sectional study examined associations between 10 biomarkers of early liver injury and multiple heavy metals levels. The levels of heavy metals/metalloid (magnesium [Mg], calcium [Ca], iron [Fe], zinc [Zn], arsenic [As], Cd, copper [Cu], and Pb) were measured in blood and urinary sample collected from 725 participants in a Cd‐polluted area and an unpolluted area in southwest China. The early liver dysfunction biomarkers included the liver enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST, and GGT), proteins (TP, ALB, and GLO), and bilirubin (TBIL, DBIL, and IBIL). Confounder‐adjusted beta coefficients were determined using multiple linear regression model analysis for the group‐classified and gender‐classified samples. Our results showed that blood Fe, Cd, and Cu levels were found to be positively related to elevated ALT levels and blood Cu was positively associated with AST levels in the Cd‐polluted area, while the highest blood Zn quartile in the polluted area and blood Mg quartile in the unpolluted area were associated with lower ALT levels. Our finding implies that industrial pollution results in heavy metals of Cd and Pb exposure and effects of Fe, Cd, Cu, and Pb in the Cd‐polluted area may be the main contributors to increase the risk of liver dysfunction while Zn in the Cd‐polluted area and Mg in the unpolluted area may be the protective factors.
Reversal of cisplatin resistance by neferine/isoliensinine and their combinatorial regimens with cisplatin‐induced apoptosis in cisplatin‐resistant colon cancer stem cells (CSCs)
Authors: Manogaran Prasath , Somasundaram Bharath , Viswanadha Vijaya Padma 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCisplatin chemotherapy to the colorectal cancer cells (CRCs) is accompanied by dose‐limiting adverse effects along with the acquisition of drug resistance implicating low therapeutic outcomes. The present study is aimed to evaluate the chemosensitizing efficacy of neferine/isoliensinine or combinatorial regimen of neferine/isoliensinine with cisplatin against CSCs (cisplatin resistant colon stem cells). CSCs were developed using pulse exposure of cisplatin to parental HCT‐15 cells. Neferine/isoliensinine or combinatorial regimens of Neferine/isoliensinine and cisplatin exhibited a stronger cytotoxic activity against CSCs compared to control. IC50 doses were found to be 6.5 μM for neferine, 12.5 μM for isoliensinine, and 120 μM for cisplatin respectively. Furthermore, the combinatorial regimen of a low dose of cisplatin (40 μM) with 4 μM neferine/8 μM isoliensinine induced cell death in a synergistic manner as described by isobologram. Neferine/isoliensinine could confer extensive intracellular reactive oxygen species generation in CSCs. Neferine/isoliensinine or combinatorial regimens dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced intracellular [Ca2+]i, which were measured by spectroflurimetry. Furthermore, these combinatorial regimens induced a significant increase in the sub G0 phase of cell cycle arrest and PI uptake and alleviated the expression of ERCC1 in CSCs. Combinatorial regimens or neferine/isoliensinine treatments downregulated the cell survival protein expression (PI3K/pAkt/mTOR) and activated mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis by upregulating Bax, cytochrome c, caspase‐3, and PARP cleavage expression while downregulating the BCl‐2 expression in CSCs. Our study confirms the chemosensitizing efficacy of neferine/isoliensinine or combinatorial regimens of neferine/isoliensinine with a low dose of cisplatin against CSCs.