bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme emission-line galaxies in SDSS – I. Empirical and model-based calibrations of chemical abundances
Authors: Pérez-Montero E , Amorín R , Sánchez Almeida J , Vílchez J M , García-Benito R , Kehrig C 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Local star-forming galaxies show properties that are thought to differ from galaxies in the early Universe. Among them, the ionizing stellar populations and the gas geometry make the recipes designed to derive chemical abundances from nebular emission lines to differ from those calibrated in the Local Universe. A sample of 1969 extreme emission-line galaxies (EELGs) at a redshift 0 ≲ z ≲ 0.49, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to be local analogues of high-redshift galaxies, was used to analyse their most prominent emission lines and to derive total oxygen abundances and nitrogen-to-oxygen ratios following the direct method in the ranges 7.7 &lt; 12 + log(O/H) &lt; 8.6 and –1.8 &lt; log(N/O) &lt; –0.8. They allow us to obtain new empirically calibrated strong-line methods and to evaluate other recipes based on photoionization models that can be later used for a chemical analysis of actively star-forming galaxies in very early stages of galaxy evolution. Our new relations are in agreement with others found for smaller samples of objects at higher redshifts. When compared with other relations calibrated in the local Universe, they differ when the employed strong-line ratio depends on the hardness of the ionizing radiation, such as O32 or Ne3O2, but they do not when the main dependence is on the ionization parameter, such as S23. In the case of strong-line ratios depending on [N ii] lines, the derivation of O/H becomes very uncertain due to the very high N/O values derived in this sample, above all in the low-metallicity regime. Finally, we adapt the Bayesian-like code H ii-chi-mistry for the conditions found in this kind of galaxies and we prove that it can be used to derive within errors both O/H and N/O, in consistency with the direct method.
Characterizing the abundance, properties, and kinematics of the cool circumgalactic medium of galaxies in absorption with SDSS DR16
Authors: Anand Abhijeet , Nelson Dylan , Kauffmann Guinevere 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
In order to study the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies we develop an automated pipeline to estimate the optical continuum of quasars and detect intervening metal absorption line systems with a matched kernel convolution technique and adaptive S/N criteria. We process ∼ one million quasars in the latest Data Release 16 (DR16) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and compile a large sample of ∼ 160 000 Mg ii absorbers, together with ∼ 70 000 Fe ii systems, in the redshift range 0.35 &lt; zabs &lt; 2.3. Combining these with the SDSS DR16 spectroscopy of ∼1.1 million luminous red galaxies (LRGs) and ∼200 000 emission line galaxies (ELGs), we investigate the nature of cold gas absorption at 0.5 &lt; z &lt; 1. These large samples allow us to characterize the scale dependence of Mg ii with greater accuracy than in previous work. We find that there is a strong enhancement of Mg ii absorption within ∼50 kpc of ELGs, and the covering fraction within 0.5rvir of ELGs is 2–5 times higher than for LRGs. Beyond 50 kpc, there is a sharp decline in Mg ii for both kinds of galaxies, indicating a transition to the regime where the CGM is tightly linked with the dark matter halo. The Mg ii-covering fraction correlates strongly with stellar mass for LRGs, but weakly for ELGs, where covering fractions increase with star formation rate. Our analysis implies that cool circumgalactic gas has a different physical origin for star-forming versus quiescent galaxies.
The anisotropy of the power spectrum in periodic cosmological simulations
Authors: Rácz Gábor , Szapudi István , Csabai István , Dobos László 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The classical gravitational force on a torus is anisotropic and always lower than Newton’s 1/r2 law. We demonstrate the effects of periodicity in dark matter only N-body simulations of spherical collapse and standard Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) initial conditions. Periodic boundary conditions cause an overall negative and anisotropic bias in cosmological simulations of cosmic structure formation. The lower amplitude of power spectra of small periodic simulations is a consequence of the missing large-scale modes and the equally important smaller periodic forces. The effect is most significant when the largest mildly non-linear scales are comparable to the linear size of the simulation box, as often is the case for high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations. Spherical collapse morphs into a shape similar to an octahedron. The anisotropic growth distorts the large-scale ΛCDM dark matter structures. We introduce the direction-dependent power spectrum invariant under the octahedral group of the simulation volume and show that the results break spherical symmetry.
On N-body simulations of globular cluster streams
Authors: Banik Nilanjan , Bovy Jo 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Stellar tidal streams are sensitive tracers of the properties of the gravitational potential in which they orbit and detailed observations of their density structure can be used to place stringent constraints on fluctuations in the potential caused by, e.g. the expected populations of dark matter subhaloes in the standard cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm. Simulations of the evolution of stellar streams in live N-body haloes without low-mass dark matter subhaloes, however, indicate that streams exhibit significant perturbations on small scales even in the absence of substructure. Here, we demonstrate, using high-resolution N-body simulations combined with sophisticated semi-analytical and simple analytical models, that the mass resolutions of 104–$10^5\, \rm {M}_{\odot }$ commonly used to perform such simulations cause spurious stream density variations with a similar magnitude on large scales as those expected from a CDM-like subhalo population and an order of magnitude larger on small, yet observable, scales. We estimate that mass resolutions of ${\approx}100\, \rm {M}_{\odot }$ (${\approx}1\, \rm {M}_{\odot }$) are necessary for spurious, numerical density variations to be well below the CDM subhalo expectation on large (small) scales. That streams are sensitive to a simulation’s particle mass down to such small masses indicates that streams are sensitive to dark matter clustering down to these low masses if a significant fraction of the dark matter is clustered or concentrated in this way, for example, in MACHO models with masses of 10–$100\, \rm {M}_{\odot }$.
Measuring the Hubble function with standard candle clustering
Authors: Amendola Luca , Quartin Miguel 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Supernova Ia magnitude surveys measure the dimensionless luminosity distance H0DL. However, from the distances alone one cannot obtain quantities like H(z) or the dark energy equation of state, unless further cosmological assumptions are imposed. Here we show that by measuring the power spectrum of density contrast and of peculiar velocities of supernovae one can estimate also H(z)/H0 regardless of background or linearly perturbed cosmology and of galaxy-matter bias. This method, dubbed Clustering of Standard Candles (CSC) also yields the redshift distortion parameter β(k, z) and the biased matter power spectrum in a model-independent way. We forecast that an optimistic (pessimistic) LSST may be able to constrain H(z)/H0 to 5–13 per cent (9–40 per cent) in redshift bins of Δz = 0.1 up to at least z = 0.6.
To cool is to keep: residual H/He atmospheres of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes
Authors: Misener William , Schlichting Hilke E 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Super-Earths and sub-Neptunes are commonly thought to have accreted hydrogen/helium envelopes, consisting of a few to ten percent of their total mass, from the primordial gas disc. Subsequently, hydrodynamic escape driven by core-powered mass-loss and/or photoevaporation likely stripped much of these primordial envelopes from the lower mass and closer-in planets to form the super-Earth population. In this work, we show that after undergoing core-powered mass-loss, some super-Earths can retain small residual H/He envelopes. This retention is possible because, for significantly depleted atmospheres, the density at the radiative–convective boundary drops sufficiently such that the cooling time-scale becomes shorter than the mass-loss time-scale. The residual envelope is therefore able to contract, terminating further mass-loss. Using analytic calculations and numerical simulations, we show that the mass of primordial H/He envelope retained as a fraction of the planet’s total mass, fret, increases with increasing planet mass, Mc, and decreases with increasing equilibrium temperature, Teq, scaling as $f_\mathrm{ret} \propto M_\mathrm{c}^{3/2} T_\mathrm{eq}^{-1/2} \exp {[M_\mathrm{c}^{3/4} T_\mathrm{eq}^{-1}]}$. fret varies from &lt;10−8 to about 10−3 for typical super-Earth parameters. To first order, the exact amount of left-over H/He depends on the initial envelope mass, the planet mass, its equilibrium temperature, and the envelope’s opacity. These residual hydrogen envelopes reduce the atmosphere’s mean molecular weight compared to a purely secondary atmosphere, a signature observable by current and future facilities. These remnant atmospheres may, however, in many cases be vulnerable to long-term erosion by photoevaporation. Any residual hydrogen envelope likely plays an important role in the long-term physical evolution of super-Earths, including their geology and geochemistry.
Quasars at intermediate redshift are not special; but they are often satellites
Authors: Alam Shadab , Ross Nicholas P , Eftekharzadeh Sarah , Peacock John A , Comparat Johan , Myers Adam D , Ross Ashley J 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Understanding the links between the activity of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centres of galaxies and their host dark matter haloes is a key question in modern astrophysics. The final data release of the SDSS-IV eBOSS provides the largest contemporary spectroscopic sample of galaxies and quasi-stellar objects (QSOs). Using this sample and covering the redshift interval z = 0.7–1.1, we have measured the clustering properties of the eBOSS QSOs, emission-line galaxies (ELGs), and luminous red galaxies (LRGs). We have also measured the fraction of QSOs as a function of the overdensity defined by the galaxy population. Using these measurements, we investigate how QSOs populate and sample the galaxy population, and how the host dark-matter haloes of QSOs sample the underlying halo distribution. We find that the probability of a galaxy hosting a QSO is independent of the host dark matter halo mass of the galaxy. We also find that about 60 per cent of eBOSS QSOs are hosted by LRGs and about 20–40 per cent of QSOs are hosted by satellite galaxies. We find a slight preference for QSOs to populate satellite galaxies over central galaxies. This is connected to the host halo mass distribution of different types of galaxies. Based on our analysis, QSOs should be hosted by a very broad distribution of haloes, and their occurrence should be modulated only by the efficiency of galaxy formation processes.
Implication of repeat insertion domains in the trans-activity of the long non-coding RNA ANRIL
Authors: Alfeghaly Charbel , Sanchez Aymeric , Rouget Raphael , Thuillier Quentin , Igel-Bourguignon Valérie , Marchand Virginie , Branlant Christiane , Motorin Yuri , Behm-Ansmant Isabelle , Maenner Sylvain 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs have emerged as critical regulators of cell homeostasis by modulating gene expression at chromatin level for instance. Here, we report that the lncRNA ANRIL, associated with several pathologies, binds to thousands of loci dispersed throughout the mammalian genome sharing a 21-bp motif enriched in G/A residues. By combining ANRIL genomic occupancy with transcriptomic analysis, we established a list of 65 and 123 genes potentially directly activated and silenced by ANRIL in trans, respectively. We also found that Exon8 of ANRIL, mainly made of transposable elements, contributes to ANRIL genomic association and consequently to its trans-activity. Furthermore, we showed that Exon8 favors ANRIL’s association with the FIRRE, TPD52L1 and IGFBP3 loci to modulate their expression through H3K27me3 deposition. We also investigated the mechanisms engaged by Exon8 to favor ANRIL’s association with the genome. Our data refine ANRIL’s trans-activity and highlight the functional importance of TEs on ANRIL’s activity.
Targeting the CSF1/CSF1R axis is a potential treatment strategy for malignant meningiomas
Authors: Yeung Jacky , Yaghoobi Vesal , Miyagishima Danielle , Vesely Matthew D , Zhang Tianxiang , Badri Ti , Nassar Ala , Han Xue , Sanmamed Miguel F , Youngblood Mark , Peyre Matthieu , Kalamarides Michel , Rimm David L , Gunel Murat , Chen Lieping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalignant meningiomas are fatal and lack effective therapy. As M2 macrophages are the most prevalent immune cell type in human meningiomas, we hypothesized that normalizing this immunosuppressive population would be an effective treatment strategy.MethodsWe used CIBERSORTx to examine the proportions of 22 immune subsets in human meningiomas. We targeted the colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) or CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) axis, an important regulator of macrophage phenotype, using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in a novel immunocompetent murine model (MGS1) for malignant meningioma. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify changes in gene expression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Mass cytometry was used to delineate changes in immune subsets after treatment. We measured patients’ plasma CSF1 levels using ELISA and CSF1R expression using multiplex quantitative immunofluorescence in a human meningioma tissue microarray.ResultsHuman meningiomas are heavily enriched for immunosuppressive myeloid cells. MGS1 recapitulates the TME of human meningiomas, including an abundance of myeloid cells, a paucity of infiltrating T cells, and low programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Treatment of murine meningiomas with anti-CSF1/CSF1R, but not programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1), mAbs abrogate tumor growth. RNA-seq and mass cytometry analyses reveal a myeloid cell reprogramming with limited effect on T cells in the TME. CSF1 plasma levels are significantly elevated in human patients, and CSF1R is highly expressed on CD163+ macrophages within the human TME.ConclusionOur findings suggest that anti-CSF1/CSF1R antibody treatment may be an effective normalization cancer immunotherapy for malignant meningiomas.
State of Radiomics in Glioblastoma
Authors: Taha Birra , Boley Daniel , Sun Ju , Chen Clark C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Radiomics is an emerging discipline that aims to make intelligent predictions and derive medical insights based on quantitative features extracted from medical images as a means to improve clinical diagnosis or outcome. Pertaining to glioblastoma, radiomics has provided powerful, noninvasive tools for gaining insights into pathogenesis and therapeutic responses. Radiomic studies have yielded meaningful biological understandings of imaging features that are often taken for granted in clinical medicine, including contrast enhancement on glioblastoma magnetic resonance imaging, the distance of a tumor from the subventricular zone, and the extent of mass effect. They have also laid the groundwork for noninvasive detection of mutations and epigenetic events that influence clinical outcomes such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). In this article, we review advances in the field of glioblastoma radiomics as they pertain to prediction of IDH mutation status and MGMT promoter methylation status, as well as the development of novel, higher order radiomic parameters.
5-Aminolevulinic acid-guided resection improves the overall survival of patients with glioblastoma—a comparative cohort study of 343 patients
Authors: Baig Mirza Asfand , Christodoulides Ioannis , Lavrador Jose Pedro , Giamouriadis Anastasios , Vastani Amisha , Boardman Timothy , Ahmed Razna , Norman Irena , Murphy Christopher , Devi Sharmila , Vergani Francesco , Gullan Richard , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Ashkan Keyoumars 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground5-Aminolevulic acid-guided surgery (5-ALA-GS) improves the extent of resection (EoR) and progression-free survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).MethodsA single-center retrospective cohort study of adult patients with GBM who had surgical resection between 2013 and 2019, 5-ALA guided versus a non-5-ALA cohort. The primary outcome was the overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes were EoR, performance status (PS), and new focal neurological deficit.ResultsThree hundred and forty-three patients were included: 253 patients in 5-ALA-GS group and 90 patients in the non-5-ALA-GS group. The OS (17.47 vs 10.63 months, P &lt; .0001), postoperative PS (P &lt; .0001), PS at 6 months (P = .002), new focal neurological deficit (23.3% vs 44.9%, P &lt; .0001), and radiological EoR (gross total resection [GTR]—47.4% vs 22.9%, P &lt; .0001) were significantly better in the 5-ALA-GS group compared to non-5-ALA-GS group. In multivariate analysis, use of 5-ALA (P = .003) and MGMT promoter methylation (P = .001) were significantly related with a better OS. In patients with radiological GTR, OS was also significantly better (P &lt; .0001) in the 5-ALA-GS group compared to the non-5-ALA-GS group.Conclusions5-ALA-GS is associated with a significant improvement in the OS, PS after surgery and at 6 months, larger EoR, and fewer new motor deficits in patients with GBM.
Light meson physics at BESIII
Authors: Fang Shuang-shi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStudies of light meson decays are important tools to perform precision tests of the effective field theories, determine transition form factors and test fundamental symmetries. With very high statistics data samples, the Beijing Spectrometer III (BESIII) experiment provides a unique laboratory for light meson studies and is contributing significantly to a variety of these investigations. A brief review of recent progress in light meson decay studied at the BESIII experiment, including detailed studies of common decay dynamics, searches for rare/forbidden decays and new particles, is presented. Finally, together with descriptions of different experimental techniques, prospects for future studies of light mesons are discussed in some detail.
Characteristics of Rickettsia typhi Infections Detected with Next-Generation Sequencing of Microbial Cell-Free Deoxyribonucleic Acid in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Centeno Fernando H , Lasco Todd , Ahmed Asim A , Al Mohajer Mayar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present 10 patients with Rickettsia typhi infection in whom next-generation sequencing of microbial cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (mcfDNA) was used as a diagnostic tool. Rickettsia typhi mcfDNA was detected in all cases and was more rapid and specific than rickettsial serology. Rickettsia typhi mcfDNA impacted antibiotic management in 50% of patients.
Association of Clinical Severity With Family Affluence–Based Socioeconomic Status Among Hospitalized Pediatric Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Patients in Henan, China: A Single Hospital-Based Case Series Study
Authors: Wang Kai , Wang Fang , Li Yu , Liang Lu , Cui Peng , Han Shujuan , Zhou Yonghong , Qiu Qi , Cheng Yibing , Guo Chun , Zeng Mengyao , Long Lu , Zhang Tianchen , Yu Hongjie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
The association between the clinical severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) inpatients and socioeconomic status (SES) is important for quantifying SES inequality in HFMD disease burden and informing decision-makers regarding medical subsidy and reimbursement policies. Here, this association was investigated using a quantitative SES measurement.

Methods
Laboratory-confirmed HFMD cases hospitalized at Henan Children’s Hospital from February 15, 2017, to February 15, 2018, were invited. We utilized the revised Family Affluence Scale for family affluence–based SES measurement. Clinical severity was diagnosed based on central nervous system (CNS) complications, treatments, and length of stay. We applied logistic regression for association analyses and multiple imputation for missing data.

Results
A total of 1229 laboratory-confirmed HFMD inpatients responded. Adjusted by age, sex, rural residence, EV-A71 infection, and health-seeking behavior, CNS complications (odds ratio [OR], 2.72; 95% CI, 1.41–5.31), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR, 7.30; 95% CI, 2.21–25.97), and prolonged hospitalization (OR, 4.28; 95% CI, 2.44–7.58) were significantly associated with lower family affluence–based SES. These associations increased as the SES category descended. For EV-A71-infected inpatients, severe HFMD was significantly associated with low and intermediate SES. For non-EV-A71-infected inpatients, only the association of prolonged hospitalization with low SES increased significantly. Also, severe HFMD inpatients, especially those admitted to the ICU, incurred high hospitalization costs.

Conclusions
The clinical severity of HMFD inpatients was significantly associated with family affluence–based SES. Severe HFMD inpatients were more likely to have lower SES than nonsevere inpatients and suffered a heavy economic burden. Therefore, medical subsidy and reimbursement policies should offer sufficient monetary support to severe HFMD inpatients to alleviate economic burden in low-SES populations and reduce potential SES inequality.
Financial Reform Efforts since the Global Financial Crisis—An Overview
Authors: Schillig Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The chapter provides an overview of the current state of the reform efforts in the jurisdictions under consideration with a focus on the institutional architecture, banking regulation, shadow banking, and financial market infrastructure. It briefly reviews the generally accepted causes of the global financial crisis and the eurozone crisis, as well as the reform agenda at global/international level. It summarizes the reform efforts in the EU and the US that are of particular relevance for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms. These reform efforts form the context in which the new recovery and resolution regime must be viewed.
The Design Directive
Authors: Stone David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
No discussion of European Union design law would be complete without an examination of the Directive. Many of the substantive provisions of the Directive mirror those in the Regulation—indeed, the reverse is more accurate as the Directive was adopted first. These substantive provisions are examined in the preceding chapters. This chapter deals with those provisions of the Directive that are not also found in the Regulation.
Principles of Secondary Liability
Authors: Riordan Jaani 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the principles that apply to determine when a person will be jointly liable for wrongdoing carried out by another. English law recognises several ways in which one person can be made liable for the acts or omissions of another. Together, these doctrines are referred to as secondary liability rules and their perpetrators are described as joint wrongdoers. What unites them is a requirement of at least prima facie wrongdoing by one or more third parties, the primary wrongdoers.
Absolute Grounds
Authors: Mühlendahl Alexander , Botis Dimitris , Maniatis Spyros , Wiseman Imogen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter 4 included an introduction to absolute grounds, the relevant provisions of the Directive and the Regulation, and covered formalities—namely what constitutes a sign, graphical representation requirements, and the concept of ‘capable of distinguishing’—as well as the definition of the goods and services for which a trade mark can be registered.