bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Australia Antigen and Neonatal Hepatitis Syndrome
Authors: Kattamis Christos A. , Demetrios Demetrios , Matsaniotis Nicholas S. 
Published: December 2021

The status of Australia antigen (Au-Ag) and Australia antigen antibody (Au-Ab) was investigated in 27 infants less than 4 months of age with direct reacting hyperbilirubinemia, and in their parents. A diagnosis of viral hepatitis could be excluded in eight infants; of the remaining 19, ten were positive for Au-Ag and another three had suggestive evidence of hepatitis virus B (HBV) infection.
The high proportion of infants with neonatal hepatitis associated with Au-Ag in this series is attributed to the high prevalence of Au-Ag carriers in Greece as well as to the high frequency of exchange transfusions in newborn infants.
The other 14 cases of direct-reacting hyperbilirubinemia, none of which showed Au-Ag or evidence of HBV, were due to congenital malformation of the biliary tract (four cases), septicemia (three cases), cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (one case), and fructosemia (one case). The remaining five patients, all of whom recovered, are believed to have hepatitis virus A infection.
The detection of Au-Ag in prolonged neonatal jaundice with direct bilirubinemia favors a diagnosis of hepatitis type B, which in our experience carries a graver prognosis reflected in deaths and cirrhosis when compared to neonatal hepatitis not associated with Au-Ag.
In our patients, it is inferred that transmission of Au-Ag to the infants occurred at or after birth, rather than during intrauterine life.
The Use of 5-HTP in the Treatment of Down's Syndrome
Authors: Weise Phillip , Koch Richard , Shaw Kenneth N.F. , Rosenfeld Martin J. 
Published: December 2021

The clinical use of 5-HTP in the treatment of patients with Down's syndrome was reported by Bazelon and her colleagues in 1967. This approach appeared to offer the hope of improving subnormal development of children with this chromosomal defect. The rationale for the use of 5-HTP is related to its role as the natural biochemical precursor for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). The blood level of this hormone is said to be decreased in Down's syndrome.
The present study concerns 26 children with Down's syndrome who were treated with 5-HTP from early infancy until 3 to 4 years of age: 19 completed the course of treatment. DL-5-HTP was given orally with an initial dosage of 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg/day. The dose was increased stepwise in 1 mg/kg/day increments to a maximum of 5 mg/kg/day. Children were seen by a clinic physician every 1 to 4 months and were assessed by a clinic psychologist every six months. The Gesell Test of Developmental Abilities was used to assess each child's level of development in terms of a total Developmental Quotient (DQ). The psychological findings were analyzed by applying a t test of the difference between independent mean DQs obtained for each age category. The results of this study indicate that long-term systematic use of 5-HTP is not effective in increasing the rate of development of Down's syndrome children.
Early Development of Children With Abnormalities of the Sex Chromosomes: A Prospective Study
Authors: Leonard Martha F. , Landy Gail , Ruddle Frank H. , Lubs Herbert A. 
Published: December 2021

Out of cytogenetic studies of 4,400 consecutive newborn infants, 11 were found to have abnormalities of the sex chromosomes. None had distinguishing clinical abnormalities. These children, with ten normal controls, were evaluated at 1 and at 2½ years by child development specialists who were not informed as to which children had abnormal karyotypes. None of the children was mentally defective, but the control children showed a trend toward slightly higher developmental quotients than the study children. Of all sectors of development, language was the most affected, with language skills considerably delayed in the study children compared with the controls by the age of 2½. Further studies on these children are planned.
Up to the age of at least 2½ years, abnormality of sex chromosomes was not found to cause mental retardation or specific personality deviations. It may be associated with increased vulnerability, with its greatest impact on the development of language. However, a range of developmental levels and personality has been demonstrated in these eleven children, and one cannot predict developmental potential from a knowledge of the genetic constitution.
Paronychia Caused by HB-1 Organisms
Authors: Barton Leslie L. , Anderson Lynn E. 
Published: December 2021

Paronychia, common infections of the nail fold, are usually attributed to Staphylococcus aureus or group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, although a number of other bacteria, viruses, and fungi have occasionally been isolated from these lesions.
HB-1 organisms, gram-negative, non-sporeforming rods with distinctive colonial morphology and growth requirements, only rarely infect normal infants and children.1 The association of these bacteria with superficial rather than deep infections is an even rarer occurrence.1 We would like to describe an otherwise normal child who developed a paronychia due to HB-1 bacteria, an association which, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported.
CASE REPORT
D.F., a 7-year-old boy, presented to St. Louis County Hospital with tenderness and swelling around his left fifth fingernail of two days' duration.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Steinmetz Nicholas 
Published: December 2021

Although in accord with Dr. Wineberg's letter (Pediatrics, 52:888, 1973) regarding the interleaving of advertising in Pediatrics, I think the practice of pharmaceutical advertising in a professional journal must be challenged once again. Dr. Frazier's comment in regard to this is weak (Pediatrics, 52:767, 1973).
Physicians should receive information about new and tested treatments or drugs from reputable and unbiased sources. Their use should not be promoted using sophisticated advertising techniques by parties whose primary interest is in selling their particular product.
HOW AMERICAN INDIAN MOTHERS CARED FOR THEIR CHILDREN IN THE EARLY 1800'S
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

John D. Hunter as an infant of two or three years was kidnapped about 1797 by Indians and then lived for most of his childhood and young manhood with the Kansas and Osage tribes, West of the Mississippi. He returned to white society in 1816 when he was 19 years old. Seven years later, after he had learned to read and write, his Memoirs of a Captivity among the Indians of North America was published in Philadelphia (1823). This narrative contains detailed, first-hand descriptions of many aspects of Indian life in the Midwest during the early part of the nineteenth century.
He described the infant and child rearing practices of Indian mothers as follows:
Their infants, wrapped in skins, are secured with belts to a small thin piece of board placed along the back. As they grow older, should the weather be mild, the skins are removed altogether, and no other dresses are substituted for them, except in very cold weather, till near the period of puberty.
When traveling, the mother places the board to which the infant is secured on her back, and supports it in this manner for the whole distance of the journey. While resting, or at work, she suspends it perpendicularly from the side of her lodge, the arm of a tree, or a post she has erected for the purpose. She administers food to it when she thinks it is hungry, disregards its crying, and seldom unbinds and soothes it to rest, except when she herself retires for sleep.
CLUSTERING OF HODGKIN'S DISEASE IN SCHOOLS
Authors: Miller Robert W. 
Published: December 2021

In high schools of Long Island, New York, it has been found that Hodgkin's disease clustered in the same schools during the first half of a ten-year interval as in the second half, a circumstance unlikely to be due to chance (Vianna, N.J., and Polan, A.K., New Eng. J. Med., 289:499, 1973). In an accompanying editorial, MacMahon urged that confirmation be sought of this observation by other investigators.
In a speech at a National Conference on Virology and Immunology in Human Cancer held in New York on November 29, 1973, Pike reported that in Oxford, England, he was unable to confirm the earlier findings of Vianna et al. (Ann. Intern. Med., 77:169, 1973) that Hodgkin's disease under 40 years of age was transmitted through an unaffected person. The proceedings of the symposium will be published in Cancer.
Serum LH and FSH Responses to Synthetic LH-RH in Normal Infants, Children and Patients With Turner's Syndrome
Authors: Suwa Selzo , Maesaka Hatae , Matsui Ichiro 
Published: December 2021

Effects of LH-RH on LH and FSH release were studied in 26 normal children and six patients with Turner's syndrome (two of them showed 45 x karyotype and the others were mosaics). Synthetic LH-RH (2µg/kg of body weight) was given intramuscularly after an overnight fast.
The increase of serum FSH level was significantly greater in normal female infants than male infants. A similar tendency was observed in normal female children aged 2 to 9 years. No sex difference was observed in the LH response to LH-RH in all the normal subjects Studied. The response of FSH release to LH-RH was significantly greater than that of LH in female infants and young female children. The responsiveness of LH to LH-RH gradually increased with advancing age.
Basal serum levels of FSH rather than LH were high in the patients with Turner's syndrome. Again a much greater increase of serum FSH than of LH was noted after the administration of LH-RH to patients with Turner's syndrome.
Hemophilus Influenzae b Meningitis in Identical Twins of a Triplet Sibship
Authors: Coulter David , Whisnant John K. , Marks Melvin I. 
Published: December 2021

Hemophilus influenzae type b systemic infection occurring in siblings or close family members has been reported infrequendy.1-4 Recent evidence suggests that genetically controlled host characteristics may determine risk for infection and perhaps type of disease due to H. influenzae type b.2,5 We have had the opportunity to study some of these factors in two cases of meningitis. This report describes H. influenzae type b meningitis in two identical members of a triplet sibship and discusses the implications of these cases in terms of host defense.
CASE REPORT
Case II-1
M.G., an 11-month-old male infant, was the second born of triplets and had been well except for two episodes of otitis media after 7 months of age.
Cholestyramine Therapy for Intractable Diarrhea
Authors: Dehghanian Javad 
Published: December 2021

I read the article by Tamer et al. in the February issue of Pediatrics (53:217, 1974). It seems that the term "intractable diarrhea" is not appropriate for the cases in the study, because I am not aware of calling 10 or 15 or even 20 days of diarrhea as intractable, especially if there is some clue to the etiology of the diarrhea.
Case I probably explains a case of viral gastroenteritis in a newborn infant, which apparently has been improved on a two-day course of cholestyramine therapy.
Copper Requirements and Actual Recommendations per 100 Kilocalories of Infant Formula
Authors: Cordano Angel 
Published: December 2021

The U.S. FDA regulations of December 1971 as well as the Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics1 call for a minimum level of 60 µg of copper per 100 kcal of infant formula.
This minimum level seems appropriate for a normal-term baby, but may be inadequate for prematures.
Personal concern for a higher need for copper by prematures was expressed in an interview printed in JAMA in 1968:2 "Prematures or low birth weight babies requiring an exclusive milk diet for more than four months may also become copper deficient.
A new regional center for child care
Authors: Wood Richard D. 
Published: December 2021

The new Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, in conjunction with affiliated Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic, opened in June of this year, after 15 years in planning and construction. Ground-breaking took place in September 1968, construction began February 1969, and the physical relocation began June 1974.
The new children's medical center merits attention as a major example of a new tertiary care facility, serving a tristate region and a university complex, while also rendering primary care through expanded ambulatory and emergency facilities, new transient one-day surgical service, and growing affiliations with health maintenance organizations in the general neighborhood. Regionally, the Hospital serves as a major consultative resource and pediatric referral center for hundreds of Delaware Valley hospitals and physicians.
Congenital Pure Red Cell Hypoplasia in Identical Twins
Authors: Waterkotte G. W. , McElfresh A. E. 
Published: December 2021

Congenital aregenerative anemia is a relatively uncommon disease first described by Blackfan and Diamond in the late 1930s.1 The condition usually begins in early infancy as a normochromic, normocytic anemia with decreased red cell precursors in the bone marrow and normal numbers of thrombocytes and leukocytes. With the exception of a few patients undergoing spontaneous remission, patients required repeated transfusions until steroids became available.
Over the past forty years several hundred cases of this disease have been reported with speculation regarding the etiology. Occasional families have been described with two or three involved members, suggesting genetic transmission. We have recently observed a set of twins with the uncommon disease.
An Alternate Method of Managing the Hyperactive Child
Authors: Crook William C. 
Published: December 2021

I'm writing to report an alternate method of managing the hyperactive child which has received scant notice in the medical literature: dietary manipulation with the avoidance of foods which appear to cause adverse reactions in the nervous system.
As long ago as 1923, a Minnesota pediatrician, Shannon,1 told of seven children whose fretfulness, restlessness and irritability dramatically improved when one or more foods were removed from their diets. And when the foods were added back, the symptoms returned.
Statement on Reye's Syndrome
Authors: Katz Samuel L. 
Published: December 2021

At its meeting in Washington, D.C., on April 29, 1974, the Committee on Infectious Diseases and representatives of FDA and CDC reviewed this year's (1973-1974) experiences with Reye's syndrome. It is clear that a definite increase in this disease occurred in the United States and that this increase bore a temporal and geographic relation to outbreaks of influenza due to strains of inuenza virus B. Outbreaks of influenza overseas may not have been associated with the syndrome. A small percentage of U.S. cases was associated with other infections, including influenza A and vanicella. Although epidemiologically associated in many instances, a direct cause and effect relationship between influenza B infection and Reye's syndrome has not been established. Pathogenesis of the syndrome remains unclear. Therefore, immunization with influenza B vaccine in an effort to prevent Reye's syndrome is without established basis.
The Center for Disease Control is maintaining continuous epidemiologic surveillance of the syndrome. The Committee on Infectious Diseases urges full cooperation with this effort, as follows: (1) All cases meeting the usual diagnostic criteria (encephalopathy plus liver abnormalities, most often an SGOT twice normal or greater, without other obvious explanation) should be reported to the Viral Diseases Branch, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, either directly or through the state health department. (2) As much pertinent clinical and laboratory data as is consistent with good patient care should be collected and recorded for later transmission to the CDC if requested. Particular attention should be paid to exposure to toxic substances on drugs such as ASA.
Lettrt To The Editor
Authors: Rapkin Richard H. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Vogel has, I believe, missed a major point of my discussion.
The child with a positive blood culture needs to be reassessed for meningitis. The meningitis may be subclinical and may develop after an initial negative lumbar puncture, as is demonstrated in cases 4 and 5.
I believe that when a child has a positive blood culture a lumbar puncture should be done. I believe this is important whether or not the child has had a recent negative lumbar puncture and whether or not he has central nervous system symptoms or signs.
Questions Regarding the Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis
Authors: Pickering Larry K. 
Published: December 2021

The article by Kendig1 reviewing 33 patients assumed to illustrate the clinical picture of sarcoidosis deserves comment. Kendig lumps together a group of children under the diagnosis of sarcoidosis made on the basis of conventional, clinical, roentgenographic, and peripheral biopsy data compatable with this diagnosis. Sarcoidosis is difficult to define and protean in its manifestations and simulates many disease entities such as tuberculosis, fungal infection, leprosy, syphilis, berylliosis, silicosis, tumor, and foreign bodies.
Kent et al.2 reported 27 to 33 patients (82%) with clinical, roentgenographics, and histologic manifestations of sarcoidosis on biopsy of peripheral tissues who were found to be misdiagnosed when studied further.
China—lessons for the United States
Authors: Arena Jay 
Published: December 2021

Even a short sojourn in China shows conclusively that China is changing. Yet, in a larger sense, China is also changeless, being too immense, too diverse, too complex, too civilized, too world-weary for any regime to tear up the past by the roots and start all over again. In China, if the peaks of privilege have been laid low, so also the valleys of poverty and disease have been filled.
Very few Chinese regard themselves as poor, although they have little in the way of material goods. The Chinese have a rich cultural life; they are articulate; they use their leisure time profitably; they have a clear understanding of where they want to go—and how they are going to get there.
Fatal Chloroquine Poisoning in a Child: Experience With Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: McCann William P. , Permisohn Robert , Palmisano P. A. 
Published: December 2021

Chloroquine overdose is commonly fatal in children.1 We report here such a case in which peritoneal dialysis was tried. Analyses of tissues, serum, urine, and dialysate for chloroquine confirmed the diagnosis and indicated that little of this drug was removed from the body by dialysis.
CASE REPORT
A healthy 28-month-old black boy weighing 17.17 kg was seen holding two 500-mg chloroquine diphosphate (Aralen) tablets from a relative's purse about 3:30 PM one afternoon. One-half hour later he was found unconscious and was brought to the Children's Hospital, arriving at 5 PM apneic and with fixed, dilated pupils. It was stated that breathing stopped just before arrival.
Child Care in the People's Republic of China: 1973
Authors: Wray Joe D. 
Published: December 2021

The enthusiastic accounts of remarkable and widespread improvements in health care in the People's Republic of China (PRC) provided by recent visitors there have been provocative, to say the least. For everyone familiar with, and concerned about, the problems of providing decent health care and adequate nutrition to the millions of preschool children in developing countries throughout the world, the Chinese approach to such problems is of interest. After many years of teaching pediatrics or community pediatrics in developing countries and many opportunities to examine child care problems in other such countries, my own interest was particularly great.
Thus, an invitation to join the American Early Childhood Development Delegation for a threeweek visit to the PRC in late 1973 came as an unexpected and altogether delightful surprise. The Delegation were guests of the government of the PRC from November 15 to December 6, 1973. In response to requests submitted earlier by the Delegation, our hosts provided an extensive itinerary that included a variety of child care facilities but focused on nursery schools and kindergartens. We visited such facilities in and around four cities, Canton, Peking, Sian, and Shanghai-in urban neighborhoods, old and new, in factories, and in rural communes. As the only physician in the Delegation, I was assigned the primary responsibility for observing and investigating the health and nutritional aspects of child care. Our hosts arranged interviews with those responsible for health care in the nurseries and kindergartens visited, where there were often full-time health personnel. In addition, I visited a variety of neighborhood and district health centers and hospitals in urban areas, factories, and communes.
Medication for Hyperkinetic Children
Authors: Kugel Robert B. , Scherz Robert G. , Seidel Henry M. , McMahon Jean L. , Rinker Andrew , Garell Dale C. , Van Gelder David W. , Ellis Effie O. , Knutti Sarah H. , Poncher John R. 
Published: December 2021

One must be cognizant of the fact that there is probably more confusion in relation to diagnosis and appropriate criteria for the use of medication for the treatment of hyperkinetic children than there is regarding the choice of medication. Many physicians, as well as the general public, do not truly appreciate the differential diagnosis of the overactive child. The symptoms may be an expression of basic personality, anxiety, subclinical seizure disorders, strictly in the eyes of the beholder, or true hyperkinesis; the latter is the only condition in which stimulants might be expected to be beneficial.
The use of drug therapy in the management of the hyperkinetic child does not differ appreciably from drug therapy in other treatable maladies. In both instances prescription drugs should be prescribed only by appropriately licensed physicians. Although the screening of patients may frequently be done by other disciplines, the ultimate selection of patients remains the responsibility of the prescribing physician. Rarely is hyperkinesis an isolated symptom. Hopefully, the selection of the drug to be used is based on such factors as history and physical examinations with appropriate emphases and the weighing of risks (that is, the ramifications of the untreated patient versus side effects and long-term sequelae of medication). A satisfactory means of evaluating the effects of therapy and periodic reevaluations (follow-up) should be included.
Whatever the diagnostic nomenclature, the "indications" depend largely on clinical acumen rather than pathognomonic findings. There is some agreement about the indications for the clinical use of stimulant drugs for hyperkinetic children even though there must be a trial on the medication before its efficacy can be determined for a particular child.
Lettrt To The Editor
Authors: Soule A. Bradley 
Published: December 2021

The authors appreciate the points raised by Dr. Manniello. Our findings have indeed corroborated those of other workers who have demonstrated how fluctuations in infant behaviors are sensitive reflections of a vast number of perinatal factors.
While Brazelton's Neonatal Assessment was an early indicator of (impending) withdrawal, we do not feel we were in a position to forecast one week hence with our limited sample.