bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motion of water monomers reveals a kinetic barrier to ice nucleation on graphene
Authors: Tamtögl Anton , Bahn Emanuel , Sacchi Marco , Zhu Jianding , Ward David J. , Jardine Andrew P. , Jenkins Stephen J. , Fouquet Peter , Ellis John , Allison William 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe interfacial behaviour of water remains a central question to fields as diverse as protein folding, friction and ice formation. While the properties of water at interfaces differ from those in the bulk, major gaps in our knowledge limit our understanding at the molecular level. Information concerning the microscopic motion of water comes mostly from computation and, on an atomic scale, is largely unexplored by experiment. Here, we provide a detailed insight into the behaviour of water monomers on a graphene surface. The motion displays remarkably strong signatures of cooperative behaviour due to repulsive forces between the monomers, enhancing the monomer lifetime ( ≈ 3 s at 125 K) in a free-gas phase that precedes the nucleation of ice islands and, in turn, provides the opportunity for our experiments to be performed. Our results give a molecular perspective on a kinetic barrier to ice nucleation, providing routes to understand and control the processes involved in ice formation.
Network isolators inhibit failure spreading in complex networks
Authors: Kaiser Franz , Latora Vito , Witthaut Dirk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn our daily lives, we rely on the proper functioning of supply networks, from power grids to water transmission systems. A single failure in these critical infrastructures can lead to a complete collapse through a cascading failure mechanism. Counteracting strategies are thus heavily sought after. In this article, we introduce a general framework to analyse the spreading of failures in complex networks and demostrate that not only decreasing but also increasing the connectivity of the network can be an effective method to contain damages. We rigorously prove the existence of certain subgraphs, called network isolators, that can completely inhibit any failure spreading, and we show how to create such isolators in synthetic and real-world networks. The addition of selected links can thus prevent large scale outages as demonstrated for power transmission grids.
A 3D system to model human pancreas development and its reference single-cell transcriptome atlas identify signaling pathways required for progenitor expansion
Authors: Gonçalves Carla A. , Larsen Michael , Jung Sascha , Stratmann Johannes , Nakamura Akiko , Leuschner Marit , Hersemann Lena , Keshara Rashmiparvathi , Perlman Signe , Lundvall Lene , Thuesen Lea Langhoff , Hare Kristine Juul , Amit Ido , Jørgensen Anne , Kim Yung Hae , del Sol Antonio , Grapin-Botton Anne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHuman organogenesis remains relatively unexplored for ethical and practical reasons. Here, we report the establishment of a single-cell transcriptome atlas of the human fetal pancreas between 7 and 10 post-conceptional weeks of development. To interrogate cell–cell interactions, we describe InterCom, an R-Package we developed for identifying receptor–ligand pairs and their downstream effects. We further report the establishment of a human pancreas culture system starting from fetal tissue or human pluripotent stem cells, enabling the long-term maintenance of pancreas progenitors in a minimal, defined medium in three-dimensions. Benchmarking the cells produced in 2-dimensions and those expanded in 3-dimensions to fetal tissue identifies that progenitors expanded in 3-dimensions are transcriptionally closer to the fetal pancreas. We further demonstrate the potential of this system as a screening platform and identify the importance of the EGF and FGF pathways controlling human pancreas progenitor expansion.
mRNA therapy restores euglycemia and prevents liver tumors in murine model of glycogen storage disease
Authors: Cao Jingsong , Choi Minjung , Guadagnin Eleonora , Soty Maud , Silva Marine , Verzieux Vincent , Weisser Edward , Markel Arianna , Zhuo Jenny , Liang Shi , Yin Ling , Frassetto Andrea , Graham Anne-Renee , Burke Kristine , Ketova Tatiana , Mihai Cosmin , Zalinger Zach , Levy Becca , Besin Gilles , Wolfrom Meredith , Tran Barbara , Tunkey Christopher , Owen Erik , Sarkis Joe , Dousis Athanasios , Presnyak Vladimir , Pepin Christopher , Zheng Wei , Ci Lei , Hard Marjie , Miracco Edward , Rice Lisa , Nguyen Vi , Zimmer Mike , Rajarajacholan Uma , Finn Patrick F. , Mithieux Gilles , Rajas Fabienne , Martini Paolo G. V. , Giangrande Paloma H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlycogen Storage Disease 1a (GSD1a) is a rare, inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase-α). G6Pase-α is critical for maintaining interprandial euglycemia. GSD1a patients exhibit life-threatening hypoglycemia and long-term liver complications including hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) and carcinomas (HCCs). There is no treatment for GSD1a and the current standard-of-care for managing hypoglycemia (Glycosade®/modified cornstarch) fails to prevent HCA/HCC risk. Therapeutic modalities such as enzyme replacement therapy and gene therapy are not ideal options for patients due to challenges in drug-delivery, efficacy, and safety. To develop a new treatment for GSD1a capable of addressing both the life-threatening hypoglycemia and HCA/HCC risk, we encapsulated engineered mRNAs encoding human G6Pase-α in lipid nanoparticles. We demonstrate the efficacy and safety of our approach in a preclinical murine model that phenotypically resembles the human condition, thus presenting a potential therapy that could have a significant therapeutic impact on the treatment of GSD1a.
Novel symmetrical bifacial flexible CZTSSe thin film solar cells for indoor photovoltaic applications
Authors: Deng Hui , Sun Quanzhen , Yang Zhiyuan , Li Wangyang , Yan Qiong , Zhang Caixia , Zheng Qiao , Wang Xinghui , Lai Yunfeng , Cheng Shuying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEnvironment-friendly flexible Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells show great potentials for indoor photovoltaic market. Indoor lighting is weak and multi-directional, thus the researches of photovoltaic device structures, techniques and performances face new challenges. Here, we design symmetrical bifacial CZTSSe solar cells on flexible Mo-foil substrate to efficiently harvest the indoor energy. Such devices are fabricated by double-sided deposition techniques to ensure bifacial consistency and save cost. We report 9.3% and 9% efficiencies for the front and back sides of the flexible CZTSSe solar cell under the standard sun light. Considering the indoor environment, we verify weak-light response performance of the devices under LED illumination and flexibility properties after thousands of bending. Bifacial CZTSSe solar cells in parallel achieve the superposition of double-sided output current from multi-directional light, significantly enhancing the area utilization rate. The present results and methods are expected to expand indoor photovoltaic applications.
Amorphization-induced surface electronic states modulation of cobaltous oxide nanosheets for lithium-sulfur batteries
Authors: Li Ruilong , Rao Dewei , Zhou Jianbin , Wu Geng , Wang Guanzhong , Zhu Zixuan , Han Xiao , Sun Rongbo , Li Hai , Wang Chao , Yan Wensheng , Zheng Xusheng , Cui Peixin , Wu Yuen , Wang Gongming , Hong Xun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLithium-sulfur batteries show great potential to achieve high-energy-density storage, but their long-term stability is still limited due to the shuttle effect caused by the dissolution of polysulfides into electrolyte. Herein, we report a strategy of significantly improving the polysulfides adsorption capability of cobaltous oxide by amorphization-induced surface electronic states modulation. The amorphous cobaltous oxide nanosheets as the cathode additives for lithium-sulfur batteries demonstrates the rate capability and cycling stability with an initial capacity of 1248.2 mAh g-1 at 1 C and a substantial capacity retention of 1037.3 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles. X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis reveal that the coordination structures and symmetry of ligand field around Co atoms of cobaltous oxide nanosheets are notably changed after amorphization. Moreover, DFT studies further indicate that amorphization-induced re-distribution of d orbital makes more electrons occupy high energy level, thereby resulting in a high binding energy with polysulfides for favorable adsorption.
Molecular motion and tridimensional nanoscale localization of kindlin control integrin activation in focal adhesions
Authors: Orré Thomas , Joly Adrien , Karatas Zeynep , Kastberger Birgit , Cabriel Clément , Böttcher Ralph T. , Lévêque-Fort Sandrine , Sibarita Jean-Baptiste , Fässler Reinhard , Wehrle-Haller Bernhard , Rossier Olivier , Giannone Grégory 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFocal adhesions (FAs) initiate chemical and mechanical signals involved in cell polarity, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Super-resolution microscopy revealed that FAs are organized at the nanoscale into functional layers from the lower plasma membrane to the upper actin cytoskeleton. Yet, how FAs proteins are guided into specific nano-layers to promote interaction with given targets is unknown. Using single protein tracking, super-resolution microscopy and functional assays, we link the molecular behavior and 3D nanoscale localization of kindlin with its function in integrin activation inside FAs. We show that immobilization of integrins in FAs depends on interaction with kindlin. Unlike talin, kindlin displays free diffusion along the plasma membrane outside and inside FAs. We demonstrate that the kindlin Pleckstrin Homology domain promotes membrane diffusion and localization to the membrane-proximal integrin nano-layer, necessary for kindlin enrichment and function in FAs. Using kindlin-deficient cells, we show that kindlin membrane localization and diffusion are crucial for integrin activation, cell spreading and FAs formation. Thus, kindlin uses a different route than talin to reach and activate integrins, providing a possible molecular basis for their complementarity during integrin activation.
The P-type ATPase transporter ATP7A promotes angiogenesis by limiting autophagic degradation of VEGFR2
Authors: Ash Dipankar , Sudhahar Varadarajan , Youn Seock-Won , Okur Mustafa Nazir , Das Archita , O’Bryan John P. , McMenamin Maggie , Hou Yali , Kaplan Jack H. , Fukai Tohru , Ushio-Fukai Masuko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVEGFR2 (KDR/Flk1) signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) plays a central role in angiogenesis. The P-type ATPase transporter ATP7A regulates copper homeostasis, and its role in VEGFR2 signaling and angiogenesis is entirely unknown. Here, we describe the unexpected crosstalk between the Copper transporter ATP7A, autophagy, and VEGFR2 degradation. The functional significance of this Copper transporter was demonstrated by the finding that inducible EC-specific ATP7A deficient mice or ATP7A-dysfunctional ATP7Amut mice showed impaired post-ischemic neovascularization. In ECs, loss of ATP7A inhibited VEGF-induced VEGFR2 signaling and angiogenic responses, in part by promoting ligand-induced VEGFR2 protein degradation. Mechanistically, VEGF stimulated ATP7A translocation from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane where it bound to VEGFR2, which prevented autophagy-mediated lysosomal VEGFR2 degradation by inhibiting autophagic cargo/adapter p62/SQSTM1 binding to ubiquitinated VEGFR2. Enhanced autophagy flux due to ATP7A dysfunction in vivo was confirmed by autophagy reporter CAG-ATP7Amut -RFP-EGFP-LC3 transgenic mice. In summary, our study uncovers a novel function of ATP7A to limit autophagy-mediated degradation of VEGFR2, thereby promoting VEGFR2 signaling and angiogenesis, which restores perfusion recovery and neovascularization. Thus, endothelial ATP7A is identified as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of ischemic cardiovascular diseases.
Spurious North Tropical Atlantic precursors to El Niño
Authors: Zhang Wenjun , Jiang Feng , Stuecker Malte F. , Jin Fei-Fei , Timmermann Axel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the primary driver of year-to-year global climate variability, is known to influence the North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) sea surface temperature (SST), especially during boreal spring season. Focusing on statistical lead-lag relationships, previous studies have proposed that interannual NTA SST variability can also feed back on ENSO in a predictable manner. However, these studies did not properly account for ENSO’s autocorrelation and the fact that the SST in the Atlantic and Pacific, as well as their interaction are seasonally modulated. This can lead to misinterpretations of causality and the spurious identification of Atlantic precursors for ENSO. Revisiting this issue under consideration of seasonality, time-varying ENSO frequency, and greenhouse warming, we demonstrate that the cross-correlation characteristics between NTA SST and ENSO, are consistent with a one-way Pacific to Atlantic forcing, even though the interpretation of lead-lag relationships may suggest otherwise.
Deterministic transfer of optical-quality carbon nanotubes for atomically defined technology
Authors: Otsuka Keigo , Fang Nan , Yamashita Daiki , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Kato Yuichiro K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhen continued device scaling reaches the ultimate limit imposed by atoms, technology based on atomically precise structures is expected to emerge. Device fabrication will then require building blocks with identified atomic arrangements and assembly of the components without contamination. Here we report on a versatile dry transfer technique for deterministic placement of optical-quality carbon nanotubes. Single-crystalline anthracene is used as a medium which readily sublimes by mild heating, leaving behind clean nanotubes and thus enabling bright photoluminescence. We are able to position nanotubes of a desired chirality with a sub-micron accuracy under in-situ optical monitoring, thereby demonstrating deterministic coupling of a nanotube to a photonic crystal nanobeam cavity. A cross junction structure is also designed and constructed by repeating the nanotube transfer, where intertube exciton transfer is observed. Our results represent an important step towards development of devices consisting of atomically precise components and interfaces.
Reducing Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and field-free spin-orbit torque switching in synthetic antiferromagnets
Authors: Chen Ruyi , Cui Qirui , Liao Liyang , Zhu Yingmei , Zhang Ruiqi , Bai Hua , Zhou Yongjian , Xing Guozhong , Pan Feng , Yang Hongxin , Song Cheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPerpendicularly magnetized synthetic antiferromagnets (SAF), possessing low net magnetization and high thermal stability as well as easy reading and writing characteristics, have been intensively explored to replace the ferromagnetic free layers of magnetic tunnel junctions as the kernel of spintronic devices. So far, utilizing spin-orbit torque (SOT) to realize deterministic switching of perpendicular SAF have been reported while a large external magnetic field is typically needed to break the symmetry, making it impractical for applications. Here, combining theoretic analysis and experimental results, we report that the effective modulation of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction by the interfacial crystallinity between ferromagnets and adjacent heavy metals plays an important role in domain wall configurations. By adjusting the domain wall configuration between Bloch type and Néel type, we successfully demonstrate the field-free SOT-induced magnetization switching in [Co/Pd]/Ru/[Co/Pd] SAF devices constructed with a simple wedged structure. Our work provides a practical route for utilization of perpendicularly SAF in SOT devices and paves the way for magnetic memory devices with high density, low stray field, and low power consumption.
Cellular lensing and near infrared fluorescent nanosensor arrays to enable chemical efflux cytometry
Authors: Cho Soo-Yeon , Gong Xun , Koman Volodymyr B. , Kuehne Matthias , Moon Sun Jin , Son Manki , Lew Tedrick Thomas Salim , Gordiichuk Pavlo , Jin Xiaojia , Sikes Hadley D. , Strano Michael S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNanosensors have proven to be powerful tools to monitor single cells, achieving spatiotemporal precision even at molecular level. However, there has not been way of extending this approach to statistically relevant numbers of living cells. Herein, we design and fabricate nanosensor array in microfluidics that addresses this limitation, creating a Nanosensor Chemical Cytometry (NCC). nIR fluorescent carbon nanotube array is integrated along microfluidic channel through which flowing cells is guided. We can utilize the flowing cell itself as highly informative Gaussian lenses projecting nIR profiles and extract rich information. This unique biophotonic waveguide allows for quantified cross-correlation of biomolecular information with various physical properties and creates label-free chemical cytometer for cellular heterogeneity measurement. As an example, the NCC can profile the immune heterogeneities of human monocyte populations at attomolar sensitivity in completely non-destructive and real-time manner with rate of ~600 cells/hr, highest range demonstrated to date for state-of-the-art chemical cytometry.
Sulfur stabilizing metal nanoclusters on carbon at high temperatures
Authors: Yin Peng , Luo Xiao , Ma Yanfu , Chu Sheng-Qi , Chen Si , Zheng Xusheng , Lu Junling , Wu Xiao-Jun , Liang Hai-Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSupported metal nanoclusters consisting of several dozen atoms are highly attractive for heterogeneous catalysis with unique catalytic properties. However, the metal nanocluster catalysts face the challenges of thermal sintering and consequent deactivation owing to the loss of metal surface areas particularly in the applications of high-temperature reactions. Here, we report that sulfur—a documented poison reagent for metal catalysts—when doped in a carbon matrix can stabilize ~1 nanometer metal nanoclusters (Pt, Ru, Rh, Os, and Ir) at high temperatures up to 700 °C. We find that the enhanced adhesion strength between metal nanoclusters and the sulfur-doped carbon support, which arises from the interfacial metal-sulfur bonding, greatly retards both metal atom diffusion and nanocluster migration. In catalyzing propane dehydrogenation at 550 °C, the sulfur-doped carbon supported Pt nanocluster catalyst with interfacial electronic effects exhibits higher selectivity to propene as well as more stable durability than sulfur-free carbon supported catalysts.
Boosting oxygen reduction activity and enhancing stability through structural transformation of layered lithium manganese oxide
Authors: Zhong Xuepeng , Oubla M’hamed , Wang Xiao , Huang Yangyang , Zeng Huiyan , Wang Shaofei , Liu Kun , Zhou Jian , He Lunhua , Zhong Haihong , Alonso-Vante Nicolas , Wang Chin-Wei , Wu Wen-Bin , Lin Hong-Ji , Chen Chien-Te , Hu Zhiwei , Huang Yunhui , Ma Jiwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStructural degradation in manganese oxides leads to unstable electrocatalytic activity during long-term cycles. Herein, we overcome this obstacle by using proton exchange on well-defined layered Li2MnO3 with an O3-type structure to construct protonated Li2-xHxMnO3-n with a P3-type structure. The protonated catalyst exhibits high oxygen reduction reaction activity and excellent stability compared to previously reported cost-effective Mn-based oxides. Configuration interaction and density functional theory calculations indicate that Li2-xHxMnO3-n has fewer unstable O 2p holes with a Mn3.7+ valence state and a reduced interlayer distance, originating from the replacement of Li by H. The former is responsible for the structural stability, while the latter is responsible for the high transport property favorable for boosting activity. The optimization of both charge states to reduce unstable O 2p holes and crystalline structure to reduce the reaction pathway is an effective strategy for the rational design of electrocatalysts, with a likely extension to a broad variety of layered alkali-containing metal oxides.
Hydroarylation of olefins catalysed by a dimeric ytterbium(II) alkyl
Authors: Richardson Georgia M. , Douair Iskander , Cameron Scott A. , Bracegirdle Joe , Keyzers Robert A. , Hill Michael S. , Maron Laurent , Anker Mathew D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough the nucleophilic alkylation of aromatics has recently been achieved with a variety of potent main group reagents, all of this reactivity is limited to a stoichiometric regime. We now report that the ytterbium(II) hydride, [BDIDippYbH]2 (BDIDipp = CH[C(CH3)NDipp]2, Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl), reacts with ethene and propene to provide the ytterbium(II) n-alkyls, [BDIDippYbR]2 (R = Et or Pr), both of which alkylate benzene at room temperature. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that this latter process operates through the nucleophilic (SN2) displacement of hydride, while the resultant regeneration of [BDIDippYbH]2 facilitates further reaction with ethene or propene and enables the direct catalytic (anti-Markovnikov) hydroarylation of both alkenes with a benzene C-H bond.
Probing of the internal damage morphology in multilayered high-temperature superconducting wires
Authors: Zhou You-He , Liu Cong , Shen Lei , Zhang Xingyi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe second generation HTS wires have been used in many superconducting components of electrical engineering after they were fabricated. New challenge what we face to is how the damages occur in such wires with multi-layer structure under both mechanical and extreme environment, which also dominates their quality. In this work, a macroscale technique combined a real-time magneto-optical imaging with a cryogenic uniaxial-tensile loading system was established to investigate the damage behavior accompanied with magnetic flux evolution. Under a low speed of tensile strain, it was found that the local magnetic flux moves gradually to form intermittent multi-stack spindle penetrations, which corresponds to the cracks initiated from substrate and extend along both tape thickness and width directions, where the amorphous phases at the tip of cracks were also observed. The obtained results reveal the mechanism of damage formation and provide a potential orientation for improving mechanical quality of these wires.
Endogenous memory reactivation during sleep in humans is clocked by slow oscillation-spindle complexes
Authors: Schreiner Thomas , Petzka Marit , Staudigl Tobias , Staresina Bernhard P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSleep is thought to support memory consolidation via reactivation of prior experiences, with particular electrophysiological sleep signatures (slow oscillations (SOs) and sleep spindles) gating the information flow between relevant brain areas. However, empirical evidence for a role of endogenous memory reactivation (i.e., without experimentally delivered memory cues) for consolidation in humans is lacking. Here, we devised a paradigm in which participants acquired associative memories before taking a nap. Multivariate decoding was then used to capture endogenous memory reactivation during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in surface EEG recordings. Our results reveal reactivation of learning material during SO-spindle complexes, with the precision of SO-spindle coupling predicting reactivation strength. Critically, reactivation strength (i.e. classifier evidence in favor of the previously studied stimulus category) in turn predicts the level of consolidation across participants. These results elucidate the memory function of sleep in humans and emphasize the importance of SOs and spindles in clocking endogenous consolidation processes.