bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La complexité de la prise de décision dans le cadre du placement en protection de l’enfance en France
Authors: Essadek Aziz , Assous Adèle , Rezgui Djamila , Shadili Gérard 
Published: June 2021

Reposant sur le triptyque de l’Aide Sociale à l’enfance (ASE), l’autorité judiciaire et du secteur associatif habilité, la décision de placement a plusieurs origines. La politique publique de protection de l’enfance énoncée dans la loi du 14 mars 2016 et les réformes en cours en ont modifié l’approche et les différentes étapes. L’ambivalence et les conflits de loyauté de l’enfant « associé aux décisions qui le concernent selon son degré de maturité » (L.112-3, Loi n o 2016-297) et/ou les processus subjectifs des professionnels peuvent aussi l’influer. « L’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant » qui n’est plus exclusivement sous la tutelle du père, la mère et l’État ayant progressivement conquis leurs places, est une notion récente. Cependant un nombre, sans cesse grandissant, d’enfants ne peut plus être accompagné de manière adaptée. La coordination interinstitutionnelle est complexe. La loi du 5 mars 2007 tente d’y remédier (Jonard, 2013). Dans ce souci de linéarité, nous insisterons sur la complexité des prises de décisions, les mécanismes qui les sous-tendent et leurs conséquences possibles, ainsi que la volonté des intervenants dans les pratiques.
Philippe et Françoise sont-ils mieux appréciés à l’école qu'Illyas et Yasmina ?
Authors: Popa Iuliana Lunca 
Published: June 2021

La problématique des inégalités à l’école nous ramène inévitablement à la question ethnique, question taboue et phénomène qualifié « d’invisible » en France, qui nécessite une démarche scientifique particulière, fondée sur le recours à des indicateurs indirects de l’origine ethnique des élèves tels que la consonance du nom/prénom, plutôt que de l’aborder de manière directe. Des technologies permettant l’assurance de l’anonymat et actionnant ainsi comme un paravent aux identités des élèves constituent un élément susceptible de briser la relation classique maître-élève. Compte tenu de ces nouvelles conditions de travail et d’apprentissages apportées par l’utilisation des technologies, les représentations des enseignants à l’égard des performances des élèves changent-elles ? Est-ce que les éventuels changements des représentations à l’égard des performances des élèves sont dus à l’origine ethnique supposée de l’élève ?
Le traitement de la différence à l’école. Deux cas : adolescence et diversité culturelle
Authors: Zoïa Geneviève 
Published: June 2021

Cet article traite de la place de l’éducation à la diversité et du traitement de la différence ethnoculturelle dans la formation des maîtres en France. Deux domaines d’altérité sont abordés : la culture jeune (Hersent, 2003) et les origines culturelles. Le matériau, ethnographique, est constitué d’entretiens informels et compréhensifs avec étudiants et enseignants, et issu de l’expérience de responsabilité de l’enseignement de Tronc Commun des masters d’éducation en École Supérieure de Professorat et d’Enseignement (ESPE). Les données sont recueillies auprès d’étudiants de toutes les disciplines. Nous montrons que l’espace scolaire est aujourd’hui la scène d’un travail de confrontation de normes permanent, en même temps qu’un lieu politique de légitimation et de reconnaissance, que vient nécessairement rencontrer le champ de la formation.
Circulatory and hepatic failure at admission predicts mortality of severe scrub typhus patients
Authors: Pannu Ashok Kumar , Saroch Atul , Sharda Saurabh Chandrabhan , Debnath Manoj Kumar , Biswal Manisha , Sharma Navneet 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
To study the spectrum and outcome of severe scrub typhus in adult patients and to predict the hospital mortality by organ failure on admission.

Methods:
This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted between July 2017 and October 2020 at the medical emergency centre of PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. One hundred and twenty-six patients aged ≥13 years were diagnosed with scrub typhus. Severe disease was defined as the presence of organ failure based on the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score on admission.

Results:
About two-thirds of the patients were from geographic regions outside the endemic sub-Himalayan belt. Fever (99.21%) and dyspnea (79.36%) were the most frequent complaints. Respiratory failure (81.75%) was the most common organ failure, followed by hepatic (52.38%), coagulative (47.62%), circulatory (33.33%), renal (21.43%), and cerebral dysfunction (13.49%). The median (Q1, Q3) SOFA score was 8 (6, 9), and 48.41% of the patients had a quick-SOFA score ≥2. Organ supports with invasive ventilation (40.48%), vasopressors (36.51%), and renal replacement therapy (7.14%) were frequently required. The in-hospital mortality was 11.90% and was independently predicted by circulatory and hepatic failures on multivariate logistic regression (OR 11.12, 95% CI 1.73-71.31 and OR 8.49, 95% CI 1.18-61.41, respectively).

Conclusions:
Most patients had pulmonary dysfunction; circulatory or hepatic failure on admission strongly predicts death.
Adverse Drug Reaction
Authors: Chari Deepika N. , Dave Bhavna H. , Bargale Seema S. , Deshpande Anshula N. , Shah Susmita S , Shah Paridhi S. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
In India, though pharmacovigilance programme had been introduced way back in 2003, still there are very less cases reported regarding adverse drug reaction (ADR), especially by dental professionals. This led to the necessity to find out the knowledge regarding ADR amongst the dentists and the reasons for underreporting. Moreover, as ADRs are more common and severe amongst paediatric population when compared to adults, this electronic survey was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices amongst the students pursuing masters in paediatric dentistry.

Methods:
A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst post-graduate students registered with Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. A Google Form with covering letter which included specified instruction format, informed consent, covering letter with clear description of the purpose of the study and questions in different categories were mailed. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse responses. The association of knowledge and attitude with respect to position of paediatric dentists was analysed with Chi-square test.

Results:
The questionnaire was completed by 274 participants. Ninety per cent of participants were aware that ADR can be caused by the drugs available in the market and such drugs can be banned post availability in the market. Only 20% of the participants were aware of PvPI app but 75% participants opted for online reporting of ADR. Nearly 81% of participants believed that ADR should be reported the moment it is observed and this reporting is basically for the safety of the patients. Nearly 90% of participants agreed that dental materials can cause ADR due to either lack of knowledge to identify ADR and the procedure of reporting or the fear of legal issues. Almost only 4% of the participants have ever attended an ADR workshop.

Conclusion:
The general knowledge of ADR is prevalent amongst the participants, but there is strong evidence of underreporting and lack of reporting system information.
A Hospital-Based Comparative Study of Clinical Profile of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Rural Versus Urban Adolescent Girls
Authors: Gupta Sonika , Gupta Vikrant , Khan Insha , Ilyas Mohd 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder which is associated with increased risk of development of type 2 diabetes, hypertension and gynaecological cancers in later life.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to determine the difference in the prevalence of PCOS in urban and rural north Indian adolescent girls aged 12–19 years.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty each urban and rural adolescent girls aged between 12 and 19 years presenting to the Gynaecology Outpatient Department with varied menstrual complaints were included in the study. Clinical history, menstrual history, chief complaints, sociodemographic history and history of physical activity were taken. Clinical examination and anthropometric measurements were taken. Ultrasonography for polycystic ovaries was done. Biochemical examination was also done.

Results:
The prevalence of PCOS symptoms was higher in urban group than in rural group. The environmental determinants of PCOS, i.e., obesity, an obesogenic diet and lack of physical activity, were more prevalent in urban group than rural group.

Conclusion:
Modification of environmental factors in both urban and rural populations at this younger age group can lead to overall reduction in the prevalence of PCOS and long-term complication associated with it like type 2 diabetes mellitus, endometrial cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Assessing the Practice Protocol of Dental Practitioners During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Virani Rinkal , Parekh Vaishali , Gupta Mona Somani , Thakor Dhruvkumar , Chavda Priyanka 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The current COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious issue for the health-care professionals including dental practitioners.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 subjects were selected for the study. An online questionnaire using Google Forms was used to collect the data regarding the dentist's knowledge, perceptions and infection control in dental clinics and if they were affected by COVID-19. Data were analysed using software.

Results:
Out of 100 participants, 61% of them were male with a mean age of 35.21 years. More than 50% of practitioners took 10–20 min for completion of their procedure. 66% used all the personal protective equipment (PPE) with 64% of them using an N95 mask and around 90% used the PPE kit. Amongst the study group, it was found that 3% were affected by COVID-19, who were between 27 and 33 years. All of them used PPE kit with 67% using N95 mask and 33% used half respirator. 67% amongst them used high-speed handpiece and performed aerosol-producing procedures in a well-ventilated atmosphere with air conditioners.

Conclusion:
The findings of the study showed that the maximum number of practitioners did follow the clinical protection protocol and when all protocol was followed, the number of dental practitioners affected by COVID-19 was not statistically significant.
The Prevalence Of Malocclusion in the Tribal Populations of the Parvathipuram Revenue Division of Vizianagaram District in Andhra Pradesh and their Perceived Orthodontic Treatments Needs
Authors: Digumarthi Uday Kumar , Prakash Ram , Rajasigamani K 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Endogamous tribal cultures often have certain preserved clinical phenotypes that serve almost like a window to the past. Culturally sequestered populations often share certain habits and viewpoints including those related to preferences and aesthetics. The present study aims to throw light on the perception of aesthetics as based on the most prevalent form of malocclusion in a tribal population.

Materials and Methods:
Of the 819 adolescents screened in the age group of 13–19 years, 63% (516) were boys and 37% (303) were girls. The evaluated occlusion of the students was categorised into four groups as ideal occlusion and the three categories of Angle's malocclusion (Class I, II and III). A simple set of questions were posed to elicit awareness of orthodontic treatment and perceived treatment needs. All results were tabulated for further analysis.

Results:
Analysis of the tabulated findings revealed a percentage distribution as follows. About 7% had ideal occlusion and 93% (762) had malocclusion categorised as 72% with Angle's Class I, 26% with Angle's Class II and 2% with Angle's Class III. A Chi-square test of independence showed that there was no significant association between gender and the prevalence of malocclusion, 2 (2, n = 762) = 2.5, P = 0.28. Questions posed to elicit awareness of orthodontic treatment and perceived treatment needs revealed that while 77% of the individuals screened were aware of orthodontic treatment, only 7% of those questioned felt they had a perceived need for treatment.

Conclusion:
Aesthetic perception including a perceived need for orthodontic treatment in a population might be strongly influenced not only by the viewpoint of peers but also by what is considered to be normal to the majority.
Prevalence Rate of Spontaneously Reported Adverse Events and Determinants of Serious Adverse Events Amongst Three Outpatient Care Settings in Ghana
Authors: Sefah Israel Abebrese , Kordorwu Hope Edem , Essah Darius Obeng , Kurdi Amanj , Godman Brian 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Most evidence of adverse drug events (ADEs) comes from hospitals as the risks associated with hospital care are higher. However, underreporting of ADEs is a critical problem in all healthcare settings. This is important in sub-Saharan African countries including Ghana with limited resources and a high prevalence of both infectious and non-infectious diseases. Consequently, this study sought to determine the annual prevalence of spontaneously reported ADEs using 6-year reports and factors associated with the occurrence of serious ADEs amongst outpatient care settings in hospitals in Ghana to provide future guidance.

Methodology:
This is a cross-sectional study using duplicates of the Ghana Food and Drugs Authority adverse event forms retrieved from three outpatient care settings submitting their reports to the National Pharmacovigilance Centre in Ghana between 2013 and 2018. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed.

Results:
Overall, 93 spontaneously reported cases of ADEs were identified during the study period. The annual prevalence rate was 192 reports/1000,000 population amongst our study population, and the rate of serious ADE was 35.48% (95% confidence interval: 25.83%–46.09%). Serious ADEs were associated with the type of indication for which the drug was prescribed (P = 0.048), the duration of the ADE (P = 0.047) and the need to administer treatment for the ADE at the reporting facility (P = 0.017).

Conclusion:
Early spontaneous reporting of ADEs at outpatient settings is essential. Patient and provider education and awareness of potential ADEs must be intensified for early identification and reporting.
Dietary Pattern, Oral Hygiene and Self-Reported Gingival Bleeding in Pregnant Women in Lagos State
Authors: Onigbinde Olubunmi Omotunde , Olajugba Gbemileke O , Oyapero Afolabi 
Published: June 2021

Aims:
The aim was to investigate the association between lifestyle factors (food intake, sugary snacks consumption and oral health practices) and gingival bleeding during pregnancy.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the maternity clinics of three general hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. It included 216 Nigerian pregnant women selected using a convenience sample. Information was collected concerning participants' background, oral hygiene practices, dental visits, dietary habits and knowledge of nutrition during pregnancy using questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.

Results:
The results showed that the frequency of self-reported gingivitis amongst pregnant females was 27.1%. The nutritional knowledge of the pregnant women was good (88.6%). The relationship between nutritional knowledge, education and dietary habits showed a statistically significant association (P > 0.05). There was no significant effect of the sociodemographic status on the self-reported gingival health of the pregnant females observed in this study.

Conclusions:
Pregnant mothers in this study have satisfactory knowledge on adequate nutrition in pregnancy. With regard to nutritional status, the result suggests that pregnant women practiced good nutrition such as consuming foods, across and within the various food groups. In this study, oral hygiene practice and food intake during pregnancy were not associated with self-reported gingival bleeding. Our findings buttress the importance of optimal nutrition during pregnancy.
Barriers and Facilities in Reporting Medical Errors
Authors: Asgarian Azadeh , Mahjour Pegah , Heidari Hamidreza , Khademi Nasim , Ghassami Keivan , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
The medical error report is known as the basis for patient safety measures. To increase the frequency of error reporting, it is important to identify selection barriers and remove them over time. We aimed to review the barriers and facilities of medical errors reporting.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic review was conducted on the English and Persian documents published throughout a 10-year period (2010–2020) in PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google scholar databases. All documents were assessed for eligibility by titles or abstracts according to the search strategy. The screening process was conducted by two independent authors. The selected articles were checked regarding inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results:
In total, 231 relevant studies were searched in 2010–2020, and after evaluating the full text of the article, 28 full-text articles were opted in accordance with the eligibility criteria, and finally, 22 full-text articles were reviewed systematically. According to the studies that were analysed, the most common obstacle was the reporting fear of individual and legal charges among health-care personnel. The majority of clinical staff suggested using anonymous reporting systems, modifying the 'blame' culture and the unsuitable behaviour of managers to prevent reporting barriers.

Conclusion:
Based on the up-to-date information on barriers to medical error reporting by the staff, suggestions are made to address the barriers. Efforts to create an effective reporting system will be appropriate for patient care. Furthermore, the correct behaviour of managers will be very effective in dealing with employees' errors and training.
Production of Mosquito Cell-derived Zika Virus-like Particles using BacMos System
Authors: Lin Hui-Tsu , Chiao Der-Jiang , Kuo Szu-Cheng 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus which has been conclusively linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. The worldwide emergence of ZIKV has greatly increased the demand for vaccines that reduce or prevent disease transmission. Neutralizing human antibodies which target ZIKV E proteins have been shown to prevent ZIKV replication. Virus-like particles (VLPs) lacking viral genetic material comprise self-assembled multi-subunit protein structures that are capable of strongly activating humoral and cellular immunity. Flavivirus prM and E proteins are both necessary and sufficient for the production of VLPs. Thus, it appears that ZIKV VLPs are an ideal target for vaccine design and serological detection.

Methods:
In this study, the BacMos (baculovirus/mosquito) method was used to introduce the ZIKV prME gene into mosquito cells. Immunofluorescence assays (IFAs), dot blot (DB) analysis, and Western blot (WB) analysis were used to evaluate the expression and secretion of ZIKV glycoproteins. VLP formation was confirmed using transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis.

Results:
IFA presented intense signals from ZIKV E-positive cells in BacMos-ZIKV prME-transduced cells. DB and WB detected abundant ZIKV glycoproteins in the culture medium of BacMos-ZIKV prME-transduced cells. TEM observation and DLS analysis revealed that ZIKV VLPs comprised spherical particles, with an average diameter of 30 nm.

Conclusions:
Mosquito cell-derived ZIKV VLPs are promising candidates for the development of safe, efficacious vaccines and diagnostic antigens in the future.
Awareness about new guidelines of national tuberculosis elimination program among medical college faculty
Authors: Kokiwar Prashant R. , Asritha N. , Ganesh N. , Reddy N. Neelima , Dakshayani N. U. , Nikitha N. , Naresh P. , Snigdha K. , Naila B. , Vyshnavi N. , Nikhil P. , Saikrishna P. , Sukanya P. , Mounika P. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Physicians and faculty working in Medical Colleges play a major role in tuberculosis (TB) control. Their knowledge, attitude, and practices can affect the treatment and care of TB patients significantly.

Objectives:
The objectives were to assess the awareness about new guidelines of National TB Elimination Program (NTEP) among medical college faculty.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out among 95 faculties. They were given anonymous self-administered questionnaire with 23 questions. One mark was given for each correct answer. We classified correct knowledge as score >10 and poor knowledge as score <10. Yates-corrected Chi-square was used to study the association between variables and outcomes. P 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:
Questions about case detection rate, cure rate, incentives to private practitioner, bedaquiline, and follow-up of patients after completion of treatment were very poorly answered (<10 persons had correct knowledge). Only 17 could answer about the fixed-dose combinations, 10 about 99 Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) chemotherapy, and 13 about the choice of treatment in HIV-TB. Best answered questions were about the drugs used in each DOTS category, categories of DOTS, what are multidrug-resistant TB, extensive drug-resistant TB, and definition of presumptive case of TB. Overall, 58 faculties (61.1%) had poor knowledge with a score <11. The remaining 37 (38.9%) had correct knowledge with a score 11 or more. Correct knowledge was not found to be associated with age, sex, and designation but was associated with professional experience, with higher experience being associated with poor knowledge (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Majority of the faculty in the studied medical colleges had poor knowledge about new updates/guidelines in the NTEP. Professional experience was found to be significantly associated with the correct knowledge on recent updates in NTEP.
The knowledge and practices toward neonatal care among primipara mothers in Dehradun, Uttarakhand
Authors: Mall Anjali , Mohanta Bijaya , Pareek Shatrughan 
Published: June 2021

Background and Objective:
Proper care of the newborn babies form the foundation of the subsequent life not only in terms of longevity or survival but also in terms of qualitative outcome without any physical and mental disabilities. A study was done to evaluate the knowledge and practice regarding neonatal care among primipara mothers in Dehradun, Uttarakhand.

Methodology:
A nonexperimental descriptive research approach was applied for the study. The patients were 155 primipara mothers, selected by nonprobability purposive sampling technique. Sociodemographic proforma, self-structured questionnaire, and practice checklist were used to collect data regarding neonatal care among primipara mothers.

Results:
The study communicated that out of 155 samples that mostly (76.1%) had average knowledge level. Moreover, practices of the mothers illustrated that the majority of participants (87.09%) hadpoor practice, whereas only 12.90% hadgood practice. Furthermore, a significant moderate positive correlation (P = 0.0001) was highlighted between knowledge scores and practices scores regarding neonatal care among primipara mothers. In addition, Chi-square value showed that no association found between knowledge score when scored a significant association was reported between knowledge score of primipara mothers with their age and education. Furthermore, practice scores of primipara mothers were significantly associated with the religion.

Conclusion:
Findings emphasis the need of educational/teaching programs and awareness campaigns, which in turn may enhance the overall knowledge and practice regarding neonatal care. These initiatives may be significant in declining neonatal morbidity and mortality.