bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of platelet‐rich fibrin after surgical extraction of the mandibular third molar: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Snopek Zuzanna , Hartlev Jens , Væth Michael , Nørholt Sven E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate existing double‐blinded randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and to clarify if platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) has beneficial effects to reduce postoperative complications after mandibular third molar surgery.Materials and MethodsAn electronic search was performed of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science databases to identify clinical studies. In addition, relevant journals, trials in the grey literature and reference lists of identified publications were screened for additional studies. Quality assessment of included trials was performed using eight quality criteria and the Cochrane Collaboration tool for determination of the risk of bias. Studies with a good or moderate quality were included in a descriptive synthesis and meta‐analysis.ResultsAfter identification of 221 publications, 215 trials were excluded. The remaining six studies indicated an advantageous effect of PRF in reducing the frequency of alveolar osteitis (AO) and an unclear effect of PRF on postoperative pain levels, oedema and wound healing after mandibular third molar surgery. A meta‐analysis comparing results on pain levels did not show a significant effect of PRF.ConclusionsDue to a small number of included studies, it was not possible to evaluate the effect of PRF after mandibular third molar surgery. Future trials should focus on a higher methodological quality to produce reliable and comparable study results.
A Markov Decision Process Approach for Cost‐Benefit Analysis of Infrastructure Resilience Upgrades
Authors: Zhu Qianru , Leibowicz Benjamin D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs climate change threatens to cause increasingly frequent and severe natural disasters, decisionmakers must consider costly investments to enhance the resilience of critical infrastructures. Evaluating these potential resilience improvements using traditional cost‐benefit analysis (CBA) approaches is often problematic because disasters are stochastic and can destroy even hardened infrastructure, meaning that the lifetimes of investments are themselves uncertain. In this article, we develop a novel Markov decision process (MDP) model for CBA of infrastructure resilience upgrades that offer prevention (reduce the probability of a disaster) and/or protection (mitigate the cost of a disaster) benefits. Stochastic features of the model include disaster occurrences and whether or not a disaster terminates the effective life of an earlier resilience upgrade. From our MDP model, we derive analytical expressions for the decisionmaker's willingness to pay (WTP) to enhance infrastructure resilience, and conduct a comparative static analysis to investigate how the WTP varies with the fundamental parameters of the problem. Following this theoretical portion of the article, we demonstrate the applicability of our MDP framework to real‐world decision making by applying it to two case studies of electric utility infrastructure hardening. The first case study considers elevating a flood‐prone substation and the second assesses upgrading transmission structures to withstand high winds. Results from these two case studies show that assumptions about the value of lost load during power outages and the distribution of customer types significantly influence the WTP for the resilience upgrades and are material to the decisions of whether or not to implement them.
Weekly high‐dose liposomal amphotericin B prevents invasive aspergillosis after heart transplantation
Authors: Cointault Olivier , Joly Marine , Cassaing Sophie , Labaste François , Danet Chloé , Porte Lydie , Guitard Joelle , Kamar Nassim , Faguer Stanislas ,   the Toulouse Acquired Immune Deficiency and Infection study group
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreventive strategies for invasive aspergillosis (IA) have still not been determined in heart transplant recipients whereas IA leads to a high mortality rate at 12 months posttransplantation. The use of voriconazole or echinocandins was proposed but can favor emergence of Aspergillus or Candida sp. resistant strains or promote neurological and liver disorders in some patients.ObjectivesTo assess whether universal prophylaxis with weekly high‐dose of liposomal amphotericin‐B (L‐AmB) can safely prevent IA in heart transplant recipients.Patients/methodsRetrospective before/after study that included 142 patients who received heart transplantation between 2010 and 2019 at the University Hospital of Toulouse (France). Weekly high dose of L‐AmB (7.5 mg/kg/week) was used as universal prophylaxis from 2016 because of high environmental exposure to Aspergillus sp. and high incidence of IA.ResultsCumulative 1‐year incidence of IA decreased from 23% to 5% after introduction of L‐Amb prophylaxis. Multivariate analysis (Cox model) identified L‐AmB prophylaxis as a protective factor against IA (hazard ratio [HR] 0.21 [95% confidence interval 0; 0.92], p = .04), whereas postoperative renal replacement therapy was associated with IA (HR 3.6 [95% confidence interval 1.38; 9.3], p = .001), after correction for confounding effects (induction regimen, methylprednisolone pulses and history of hematological malignancy). The incidence of acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy was similar in the two groups, suggesting a low risk of kidney toxicity when L‐AmB is used weekly. No patient developed severe kidney electrolyte loss nor L‐AmB‐related anaphylaxis.ConclusionsOnce‐weekly high‐dose L‐AmB is safe and may prevent the development of IA after heart transplantation.
Atorvastatin preferentially inhibits the growth of high ZEB‐expressing canine cancer cells
Authors: Ishikawa Takuro , Osaki Tomohiro , Sugiura Akihiro , Tashiro Jiro , Warita Tomoko , Hosaka Yoshinao Z. , Warita Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is fundamental in cancer progression and contributes to the acquisition of malignant properties. The statin class of cholesterol‐lowering drugs exhibits pleiotropic anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo, and many epidemiologic studies have reported a correlation between statin use and reduced cancer mortality. We have shown previously that sensitivity to the anti‐proliferative effect of statins varies among human cancer cells and statins are more effective against mesenchymal‐like cells than epithelial‐like ones in human cancers. There have only been few reports on the application of statins to cancer therapy in veterinary medicine, and differences in statin sensitivity among canine cancer cells have not been examined. In this study, we aimed to clarify the correlation between sensitivity to atorvastatin and epithelial/mesenchymal states in 11 canine cancer cell lines derived from mammary gland, squamous cell carcinoma, lung, and melanoma. Sensitivity to atorvastatin varied among canine cancer cells, with IC50 values ranging from 5.92 to 71.5 μM at 48 h, which were higher than the plasma concentrations clinically achieved with statin therapy. Atorvastatin preferentially attenuated the proliferation of mesenchymal‐like cells. In particular, highly statin‐sensitive cells were characterized by aberrant expression of the ZEB family of EMT‐inducing transcription factors. However, ZEB2 silencing in highly sensitive cells did not induce resistance to atorvastatin. Taken together, these results suggest that high expression of ZEB is a characteristic of highly statin‐sensitive cells and could be a molecular marker for predicting whether cancers are sensitive to statins, though ZEB itself does not confer statin sensitivity.
Perspectives on Fatigue Design of Bellows
Authors: Becht Charles 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the past couple of decades there have been significant developments in the fatigue design approach for metallic bellows expansion joints. For example, where there were previously separate fatigue curves for reinforced and unreinforced bellows, there is now only one fatigue curve. This paper describes the developments over time and explains the technical reasons for the changes.
Twice-Yield Method Abaqus Implementation With Application to a Thermally Shocked Stepped Pipe
Authors: Smith Steven M. , Hutula David N. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Twice-Yield method is an elastic-plastic finite element analysis (FEA) pioneered by Professor Arturs Kalnins at Lehigh University which approximates the stabilized cyclic response that would otherwise be obtained from a cycle-by-cycle elastic-plastic FEA. The Twice-Yield method is used to evaluate the load range conditions which occur between any two load states from the stabilized cyclic structural response. The rigorous implementation of the Twice-Yield method requires special handling of material properties. In particular, the method requires the average of the properties corresponding to the two load states. This paper documents a detailed technical basis of the Twice-Yield method’s implementation in Abaqus including the special handling of material properties. An assessment of the Twice-Yield method is performed based on analyzing a thermally shocked stepped pipe. Included in the assessment are comparisons of the cycle-by-cycle elastic-plastic FEA results and the Twice-Yield method elastic-plastic FEA results. The comparisons show the efficacy of the Twice-Yield method as a viable cyclic elastic-plastic analysis method.
A Viscoplastic Model for Alloy 617 for Use With the ASME Section III, Division 5 Design by Inelastic Analysis Rules
Authors: Messner M. C. , Sham T.-L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The rules for the design of high temperature reactor components in Section III, Division 5, Subsection HB, Subpart B (HBB) of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code contain two options for evaluating the deformation-controlled design limits on strain accumulation and creep-fatigue: design by elastic analysis and design by inelastic analysis. Of these options design by inelastic analysis tends to be less overconservative and produce more efficient designs. However, the HBB currently does not provide approved material models for use with the inelastic analysis rules, limiting their widespread use. A nonmandatory appendix has been developed to provide general guidance on appropriate material models and provide reference material models suitable for use with the design by inelastic analysis approach. This paper describes a viscoplastic model for Alloy 617 suitable for use with the HBB rules proposed for incorporation into the new appendix. The model represents the high temperature creep, creep-fatigue, and tensile response of Alloy 617 and accurately accounts for rate sensitivity across a wide range of temperatures. The focus in developing the model was on capturing key features of material deformation required for accurately executing the HBB rules and on developing a relatively simple model form that can be implemented in commercial finite element analysis software. The paper validates the model against an extensive experimental database collected as part of the Alloy 617 Code qualification effort as well as against specialized experimental tests examining the effect of elastic follow up on stress relaxation and creep deformation in the material.
Evaluation of Primary-Load Effects on Creep-Fatigue Life of Alloy 617 Using Simplified Model Test Method
Authors: Wang Yanli , Hou Peijun , Jetter Robert I. , Sham T.-L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Current creep-fatigue evaluation approaches based on the creep-fatigue Damage-diagram are complex and very conservative. Simplified Model Test (SMT) method is an alternative approach to determine cyclic life at elevated temperatures. The SMT-based creep-fatigue evaluation methodology avoids parsing the damage into creep and fatigue components and greatly simplifies the evaluation procedure for elevated-temperature cyclic service. In this study, the effects of sustained primary-stress loading are evaluated in support of the development of SMT-based creep-fatigue design curves for Alloy 617.
Experiments were designed and performed using internal pressurized tubular specimens at 950 °C on Alloy 617. The sustained primary-load was introduced by the internal pressure. A newly developed SMT technique, single-bar SMT, was extended to these tests and SMT creep-fatigue test data were generated with various elastic follow-ups, internal pressures and strain ranges. The test results from this study along with the original SMT data on Alloy 617 demonstrate that, although internal pressure is within the allowable stress limit per ASME Section III Division 5 Code Case N-898, the SMT creep-fatigue cycles to failure were reduced for the cases tested with primary-pressure load. The reduction of SMT creep-fatigue life due to primary-load was found to be dependent on strain ranges and elastic follow up. Approaches to handle the primary-load effect on SMT design curves are discussed.
Analysis and Calculation of Strength and Stiffness for Flexible Shell Element of Corner-Corner Type in Fixed Tubesheet Heat Exchangers
Authors: Zhu Guodong , Xu Feng , Xie Guoshan , Shen Jie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The flexible shells of corner-corner type are often utilized as distribution, vapor belts to distribute medium or expansion joints to compensate the difference of displacement between shell side and tube side due to temperature or pressure in heat exchangers. Corner-corner type can be fabricated for large diameter equipment because of better manufacturing process and space saving. However, at present, the design depends on experience and the primary stress of the outer cylinder. The lack of accurate and integral calculation methods have limited its application and even resulted in safety hazard. In this paper, a mechanical model is established for the flexible shell of corner-corner type and analytical solution including the global stresses, local stresses, stress trend curves and axial stiffness is proposed based on the plate and shell theory. The analytical method is verified by finite element analysis. It is demonstrated that the analytical method is accurate and reliable. It is pointed out that the local stresses of each element should not be ignored. Meanwhile, the stresses may transfer to reverse value along the path away from the maximum stress, which would arise the buckling failure.
Cancer in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults in South Africa: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dhokotera Tafadzwa , Bohlius Julia , Egger Matthias , Spoerri Adrian , Ncayiyana Jabulani Ronnie , Naidu Gita , Olago Victor , Zwahlen Marcel , Singh Elvira , Muchengeti Mazvita 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the spectrum of cancers in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) living with and without HIV in South Africa.DesignCross-sectional study with cancer records provided by the National Cancer Registry (NCR) and HIV records from the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS).Setting and participantsThe NHLS is the largest provider of pathology services in the South African public sector. The NCR is a division of the NHLS. We included AYAs (aged 10–24 years) diagnosed with cancer by public health sector laboratories between 2004 and 2014 (n=8479). HIV status was obtained through record linkages and text mining.Primary and secondary outcomesWe determined the spectrum of cancers by HIV status in AYAs. We used multivariable logistic regression to describe the association of cancer in AYAs with HIV, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity and calendar period. We imputed (post hoc) the HIV status for AYA with unknown HIV status.Results8479 AYAs were diagnosed with cancer, HIV status was known for 45% (n=3812). Of those whose status was known, about half were HIV positive (n=1853). AYAs living with HIV were more likely to have Kaposi’s sarcoma (adjusted OR (aOR) 218, 95% CI 89.9 to 530), cervical cancer (aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.89), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.69 to 2.66) and anogenital cancers other than cervix (aOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.27 to 5.86) than AYAs without HIV. About 44% (n=1062) of AYAs with HIV-related cancers had not been tested for HIV.ConclusionsTargeted HIV testing for AYAs diagnosed with cancer, followed by immediate start of antiretroviral therapy, screening for cervical precancer and vaccination against human papilloma virus is needed to decrease cancer burden in AYAs living with HIV in South Africa.
‘Doctors can’t be doctors all of the time’: a qualitative study of how general practitioners and medical students negotiate public-professional and private-personal realms using social media
Authors: Marshal Megan , Niranjan Vikram , Spain Eimear , MacDonagh Joe , O'Doherty Jane , O'Connor Raymond , O'Regan Andrew 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to explore the experiences and perspectives of general practitioners’ and medical students’ use of, and behaviour on, social media and to understand how they negotiate threats to professional and personal life on social media.DesignA two-phase qualitative design was used, consisting of semistructured interviews and follow-up vignettes, where participants were asked to respond to vignettes that involved varying degrees of unprofessional behaviour. Data were analysed using template analysis.Setting and participantsParticipants were general practitioner tutors and third year medical students who had just completed placement on the University of Limerick longitudinal integrated clerkship. Five students and three general practitioners affiliated with the medical school were invited to participate in one-to-one interviews.ResultsThree overarching themes, each containing subthemes were reported. ‘Staying in contact and up to date’ outlines how social media platforms provide useful resources and illustrates the potential risks of social media. ‘Online persona’ considers how social media has contributed to changing the nature of interpersonal relationships. ‘Towards standards and safety’ raises the matter of how to protect patients, doctors and the medical profession.ConclusionGuidance is required for students and medical practitioners on how to establish reasonable boundaries between their personal and professional presence on social media and in their private life so that poorly judged use of social media does not negatively affect career prospects and professional efficacy.
Feasibility of a multifaceted implementation intervention to improve attendance at diabetic retinopathy screening in primary care in Ireland: a cluster randomised pilot trial
Authors: Riordan Fiona , Murphy Aileen , Dillon Christina , Browne John , Kearney Patricia M , Smith Susan M , McHugh Sheena M 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesDiabetic retinopathy screening (DRS) uptake is suboptimal in many countries with limited evidence available on interventions to enhance DRS uptake in primary care. We investigated the feasibility and preliminary effects of an intervention to improve uptake of Ireland’s national DRS programme, Diabetic RetinaScreen, among patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.Design/settingWe conducted a cluster randomised pilot trial, embedded process evaluation and cost analysis in general practice, July 2019 to January 2020.ParticipantsEight practices participated in the trial. For the process evaluation, surveys were conducted with 25 staff at intervention practices. Interviews were conducted with nine staff at intervention practices, and 10 patients who received the intervention.InterventionsThe intervention comprised practice reimbursement, an audit of attendance, electronic prompts targeting professionals, General Practice-endorsed patient reminders and a patient information leaflet. Practices were randomly allocated to intervention (n=4) or wait-list control (n=4) (usual care).OutcomesStaff and patient interviews explored their perspectives on the intervention. Patient registration and attendance, including intention to attend, were measured at baseline and 6 months. Microcosting was used to estimate intervention delivery cost.ResultsThe process evaluation identified that enablers of feasibility included practice culture and capacity to protect time, systems to organise care, and staff skills, and workarounds to improve intervention ‘fit’. At 6 months, 22/71 (31%) of baseline non-attenders in intervention practices subsequently attended screening compared with 15/87 (17%) in control practices. The total delivery cost across intervention practices (patients=363) was €2509, averaging €627 per practice and €6.91 per audited patient. Continuation criteria supported proceeding to a definitive trial.ConclusionsThe Improving Diabetes Eye screening Attendance intervention is feasible in primary care; however, consideration should be given to how best to facilitate local tailoring. A definitive trial of clinical and cost-effectiveness is required with preliminary results suggesting a positive effect on uptake.Trial registration numberNCT03901898.
Psychosocial work factors and sick leave risk after a terrorist bomb attack: a survey and registry-based longitudinal study of governmental employees in Norway
Authors: Dale Maria Teresa Grønning , Nissen Alexander , Berthelsen Mona , Gjessing Håkon Kristian , Heir Trond 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesStudies show that social support may reduce the negative psychological effects of terror. The aim was to explore the effects of the psychosocial work environment on sick leave risk among governmental employees after a workplace bomb attack.DesignWe linked longitudinal survey data collected at 10 and 22 months after the bombing with registry data on doctor-certified sick leave collected from 42 months before the attack to 33 months after the attack. ORs and rate ratios were estimated with mixed effects hurdle models.SettingThe bombing of the government ministries in Oslo, Norway, 22 July 2011.ParticipantsWe identified 1625 participants from a cohort of 3520 employees working in the ministries during the bombing in 2011.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounders, social support from coworkers reduced the odds of sick leave (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.93), and there was marginal evidence for reduced odds with support from superior (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.03). A social work climate, an innovative climate and a human resource primacy climate (HRP) reduced the sick leave risk (eg, HRP OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.90). The hurdle model found no associations between psychosocial support at work and the duration of sick leave.ConclusionsPsychosocial support at work can enhance employees’ work ability after terror and reduce the sick leave risk by more than 20%. However, a supportive psychosocial work environment did not reduce the duration of sickness absence. The protective role of psychosocial work factors on sick leave may be most significant when employees are at work and interact with their work environment.