bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disability and work in a health and economic crisis: Mitigating the risk of long‐term labour market exclusion for Australians with disability through policy coordination
Authors: Olney Sue , Devine Alexandra , Karanikolas Pan , Dimov Stefanie , Malbon Jennifer , Katsikis Georgia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLabour markets around the world are experiencing extraordinary disruption during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The gap in the employment rate between Australians with and without disability is likely to widen, given the entrenched disadvantage of people with disability in the job market. For many, it will compound existing health and economic vulnerabilities. This scenario is troubling from both a human rights and an economic perspective. In this paper, we examine the interface of two policy instruments intended to improve the prospects of people with disability finding and keeping employment in Australia – Disability Employment Services and the National Disability Insurance Scheme – in the lead up to and in the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Findings from three studies conducted between 2018 and 2020 reveal these instruments are not mutually reinforcing. With a 10‐year National Disability Employment Strategy (NDES) in development under federal government oversight, we argue that more concerted and targeted effort from these services and broader public policies and programs is needed to ensure Australians with disability are not sidelined in the labour market in the wake of the pandemic.
‘A feeling which it is impossible for Englishmen to understand’: Booker T. Washington and Anglo‐American Rivalries
Authors: Webb Clive 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAfrican American educator and activist Booker T. Washington visited Britain in 1899 and 1910. This article uses these transatlantic encounters to reassess conventional notions of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as an era of rapprochement between Britain and the United States rooted in racial ideas of Anglo‐Saxon supremacy. It shows how the visits exacerbated a rift between the two countries over the issue of race. At a time when the United States had started to eclipse their own country economically, Britons used their enthusiastic reception of Washington as a means to reassert their claims to moral superiority over Americans whom they accused of failing to fulfil their paternalist obligations to other races. Race was therefore the cause of conflict as much as cooperation in Anglo‐American relations.
Effectiveness of uterine tamponade devices for refractory postpartum haemorrhage after vaginal birth: a systematic review
Authors: Pingray V , Widmer M , Ciapponi A , Hofmeyr GJ , Deneux C , Gülmezoglu M , Bloemenkamp K , Oladapo OT , Comandé D , Bardach A , Vázquez P , Cormick G , Althabe F 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate uterine tamponade devices’ effectiveness for atonic refractory postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) after vaginal birth and the effect of including them in institutional protocols.Search strategyPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, POPLINE, from inception to January 2021.Study selectionRandomised and non‐randomised comparative studies.OutcomesComposite outcome including surgical interventions (artery ligations, compressive sutures or hysterectomy) or maternal death, and hysterectomy.ResultsAll included studies were at high risk of bias. The certainty of the evidence was rated as very low to low. One randomised study measured the effect of the condom‐catheter balloon compared with standard care and found unclear results for the composite outcome (relative risk [RR] 2.33, 95% CI 0.76–7.14) and hysterectomy (RR 4.14, 95% CI 0.48–35.93). Three comparative studies assessed the effect of including uterine balloon tamponade in institutional protocols. A stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial suggested an increase in the composite outcome (RR 4.08, 95% CI 1.07–15.58) and unclear results for hysterectomy (RR 4.38, 95% CI 0.47–41.09) with the use of the condom‐catheter or surgical glove balloon. One non‐randomised study showed unclear effects on the composite outcome (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.11–1.03) and hysterectomy (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.04–5.38) after the inclusion of the Bakri balloon. The second non‐randomised study found unclear effects on the composite outcome (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.32–2.81) and hysterectomy (RR 1.84, 95% CI 0.44–7.69) after the inclusion of Ebb or Bakri balloon.ConclusionsThe effect of uterine tamponade devices for the management of atonic refractory PPH after vaginal delivery is unclear, as is the role of the type of device and the setting.Tweetable abstractUnclear effects of uterine tamponade devices and their inclusion in institutional protocols for atonic refractory PPH after vaginal delivery.
The HEART score to identify emergency department patients suspected of an acute coronary syndrome who can be removed from cardiac monitoring: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Oh Jason , Asha Stephen Edward 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveContinuous cardiac monitoring has been recommended for ED patients being evaluated for possible acute coronary syndrome (ACS) due to concern for arrhythmia, although evidence suggests this risk is low. Indiscriminate use of monitored beds restricts access for other critically unwell patients and contributes to overcrowding. The objective of the present study was to determine if a low/intermediate‐risk HEART score identified patients at very low risk for a clinically important arrhythmia who could be removed from cardiac monitoring.MethodsThis was a single centre, retrospective, cohort study of consecutive ED patients in a tertiary referral hospital evaluated for possible ACS from July to August 2017. Patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction or an arrhythmia at presentation which would mandate monitoring were excluded. Data was obtained by medical chart review. The primary outcome was the occurrence of an arrhythmia requiring treatment while in ED.ResultsInter‐rater reliability for data extraction demonstrated very strong agreement (kappa 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.83–0.91). There were 653 participants included with 83 (12.7%) having a final diagnosis of ACS. Three (0.5%) clinically important arrhythmias occurred. There were no cases of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest. Five hundred and forty (82.7%) participants were low/intermediate‐risk HEART score and one (0.2%) clinically important arrhythmia occurred (this was supraventricular tachycardia treated by a valsalva manoeuvre).ConclusionAmong ED patients presenting with a possible ACS, a low/intermediate‐risk HEART score identified those at very low risk for having a clinically important arrhythmia while in ED.
Combination of high‐throughput microfluidics and FACS technologies to leverage the numbers game in natural product discovery
Authors: Oberpaul Markus , Brinkmann Stephan , Marner Michael , Mihajlovic Sanja , Leis Benedikt , Patras Maria A. , Hartwig Christoph , Vilcinskas Andreas , Hammann Peter E. , Schäberle Till F. , Spohn Marius , Glaeser Jens 
Published: June 2021

SummaryHigh‐throughput platforms facilitating screening campaigns of environmental samples are needed to discover new products of natural origin counteracting the spreading of antimicrobial resistances constantly threatening human and agricultural health. We applied a combination of droplet microfluidics and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS)‐based technologies to access and assess a microbial environmental sample. The cultivation performance of our microfluidics workflow was evaluated in respect to the utilized cultivation media by Illumina amplicon sequencing of a pool of millions of droplets, respectively. This enabled the rational selection of a growth medium supporting the isolation of microbial diversity from soil (five phyla affiliated to 57 genera) including a member of the acidobacterial subgroup 1 (genus Edaphobacter). In a second phase, the entire diversity covered by 1071 cultures was used for an arrayed bioprospecting campaign, resulting in > 6000 extracts tested against human pathogens and agricultural pests. After redundancy curation by using a combinatorial chemical and genomic fingerprinting approach, we assigned the causative agents present in the extracts. Utilizing UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS‐guided fractionation and microplate‐based screening assays in combination with molecular networking the production of bioactive ionophorous macrotetrolides, phospholipids, the cyclic lipopetides massetolides E, F, H and serratamolide A and many derivatives thereof was shown.
Survival and medical costs of melanoma patients with subsequent cancer diagnoses: A South Korean population‐based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Park Hae‐Young , Yang Hyun‐Ju , Jeon Soo Min , Lee In Hee , Kwon Jin‐Won 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimSubsequent cancers (SCs) after melanoma diagnosis further increases the risks of mortality and medical costs. This population‐based analysis aimed to evaluate risk factors for SC, mortality, and medical costs of melanoma patients with SC.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using a nationwide claims database during 2002‐2017 in South Korea. SC was defined as having other types of cancer diagnoses other than subsequent melanoma during‐up to 5 years after melanoma diagnosis. Melanoma patients were divided into patients with and without SC, and the overall and subgroup survival rates, the risk of developing SC, and the total medical costs were analyzed using a Kaplan–Meier method and regressions.ResultsA total of 3740 melanoma patients were included in the analysis (mean age, 62.3 ± 15.4 y; 47.2% men), and 2273 patients (1157 within 2 months, 756 after 2 months of melanoma diagnosis) had SC. Higher Charlson comorbidity index score and male sex significantly increased the risk of developing SC. Five‐year survival rate and cumulative medical costs were 62.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 60.8‐63.9) and $21,413, respectively, in all patients. Patients with SC diagnosed after 2 months showed the lowest survival rate of 47.8% (95% CI, 44.3‐51.4) and the highest costs of $27,081, showing a mortality hazard ratio of 1.65 (range, 1.46‐1.86) and a cost ratio of 1.189 (range, 1.112‐1.271) compared with those without SC.ConclusionThis study presented survival outcomes and medical costs in melanoma patients and confirmed that SC after the first diagnosis of melanoma significantly increased disease burden in terms of mortality and medical costs.
The combined use of endometrial ablation or resection and levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system in women with heavy menstrual bleeding: A systematic review
Authors: Oderkerk Tamara J. , van de Kar Majorie M.A. , van der Zanden Carlijn H.M. , Geomini Peggy M.A.J. , Herman Malou C. , Bongers Marlies Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionDespite endometrial ablation/resection being a very successful treatment for women with heavy menstrual bleeding, re‐intervention with additional surgery is needed in 12%–25% of cases. Introducing a levonorgestrel‐intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) immediately after ablation could preserve the integrity of the uterine cavity and suppress the regenerated or non‐ablated endometrial tissue. Therefore, this combined treatment can perhaps lower the re‐intervention rate. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the impact of the combined treatment.Material and methodsThe MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library were systematically searched. No language restrictions were applied. All types of studies were included reporting on the results of endometrial ablation or resection combined with immediate insertion of LNG‐IUS for treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding. The primary outcome was the number of hysterectomies after the ablation procedure. Secondary outcomes included re‐intervention rates, removals of LNG‐IUS, bleeding pattern, patient satisfaction, adverse effects, and complications. Our protocol was registered in PROSPERO, an international prospective register of systematic reviews under registration number CRD42020151384.ResultsSix studies with a retrospective design and one case series with a follow‐up duration varying from 6 to 55 months were included. In total, 427 women were treated with the combined treatment. The studies described a lower hysterectomy and re‐intervention rate after combined treatment compared with treatment with endometrial ablation/resection alone. Hysterectomy rate varied from 0% to 11% after combined treatment compared with 9.4% to 24% after endometrial ablation/resection alone. Bleeding patterns and patient satisfaction appeared to be in favor of the combined treatment group. No intra‐ or post‐operative complications or complications in the removal of LNG‐IUS were described. The most reported adverse effects after combined treatment were weight gain, mood changes, and headaches. An additional 11 studies with only an abstract available substantiated these findings. All the included studies had poor methodological quality.ConclusionsBased on the available literature, inserting an LNG‐IUS immediately after endometrial ablation/resection seems to lower the hysterectomy and re‐intervention rates compared with ablation/resection alone. However, as only limited observational studies of low methodological quality are available, high‐quality research is necessary to confirm the findings of this systematic review.
The impact of body mass index on efficacy and safety in the tofacitinib OCTAVE ulcerative colitis clinical programme
Authors: Farraye Francis A. , Qazi Taha , Kotze Paulo G. , Moore Gregory T. , Mundayat Rajiv , Lawendy Nervin , Sharma Puza P. , Judd Donna T. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundObesity may affect efficacy and safety of biologic treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC). Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of UC.AimsTo assess efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in patients with UC, by baseline body mass index (BMI).MethodsThis post hoc analysis evaluated patients with UC receiving placebo or tofacitinib from the 8‐week OCTAVE Induction 1 and 2 (NCT01465763, NCT01458951) and 52‐week OCTAVE Sustain (NCT01458574) studies. Patients were stratified by BMI at OCTAVE Induction 1 and 2 baseline (<25, 25 to <30 and ≥30 kg/m2). Outcomes included remission, endoscopic improvement, clinical response, sustained steroid‐free remission, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire total score and Short Form‐36 Health Survey scores. Adverse events were evaluated.ResultsAt Week 8 of OCTAVE Induction 1 and 2, and Week 52 of OCTAVE Sustain, higher proportions of patients receiving tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily (b.d.) achieved clinical response vs placebo, regardless of baseline BMI subgroup (all P < 0.05). Proportions of patients achieving efficacy endpoints were generally similar across BMI subgroups; in univariate and multivariate regression analyses, BMI was not a significant predictor (all P ≥ 0.05; univariate BMI [continuous] odds ratio for remission: 0.98 [95% confidence interval 0.95, 1.02]). There was no consistent trend between BMI and adverse events. Among patients receiving tofacitinib 10 mg b.d. in OCTAVE Induction 1 and 2, serious infections were numerically greater in the BMI ≥30 subgroup (3.2%) vs other subgroups (0.4%). Limitations included small patient numbers in the BMI ≥30 subgroup.ConclusionsEfficacy and safety of tofacitinib were similar in patients with UC regardless of baseline BMI.
Fully versus conventionally guided implant placement by dental students: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Søndergaard Kasper , Hosseini Mandana , Storgård Jensen Simon , Spin‐Neto Rubens , Gotfredsen Klaus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare fully guided with conventionally guided implant surgery performed by dental students in terms of deviation of actual implant position from an ideal implant position.Materials and methodsTwenty‐five patients in need of 26 straightforward implant‐supported single crowns were randomly allocated to a fully guided (FG, n = 14) or a conventionally guided (CG, n = 12) implant surgery. In the preoperative CBCTs, 3 experienced investigators placed a virtual implant in the ideal position, twice, allowing deviational analysis in the facio‐lingual (coronal) and mesio‐distal (sagittal) planes for 7 parameters. Facio‐lingual crestal deviation, facio‐lingual apical deviation, facio‐lingual angular deviation, mesio‐distal crestal deviation, mesio‐distal apical deviation, mesio‐distal angular deviation, and vertical deviation between the ideal, virtually placed position and actual implant position for the FG and CG groups were compared statistically (p < .05).ResultsStatistically significant differences between ideal and actual implant position were only seen for the facio‐lingual apical deviation (p = .047) and for the facio‐lingual angular deviation (p = .019), where the CG group deviated more from the ideal position than the FG group. The 5 other examined variables did not show any significant differences, and none of the implants in the FG group and CG group were placed in conflict with the clinical guidelines.ConclusionsThe present study reported no difference in 5 out of 7 deviational parameters concerning actual implant position in relation to ideal implant position between a FG and CG implant placement protocol performed by dental students. Facio‐lingual angular deviation and apical deviation were lower, when a FG protocol was followed. All implants were positioned according to clinical guidelines.
Development of bacterial cellulose film coated with mixed colorimetric indicator for tracking the freshness/spoilage of ready‐to‐cook idli batter
Authors: Gaikwad P. S. , Sarma Chayanika , Rajan Anbarasan , Anandakumar S. , Yadav B. K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe current study focuses on the fabrication of a mixed chemical colorimetric pH dye‐based indicator to monitor the freshness of ready‐to‐cook (RTC) idli batter stored under ambient conditions. The base of the indicator label was created using Acetobacter xylinum culture for the fabrication of a bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane film, and the characteristics of the developed film were analysed. Scanning electron microscopy identified the presence of a cellulose fibrils network and Fourier Transform–infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of an amine group at wavenumber 1642 cm−1 on the developed BC film. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis identified the glass transition, onset, melting and end set melt temperatures as −30.3, 42.2, 85.6 and 105.9°C, respectively, and enthalpy as 209.2 Jg−1. The tensile strength of the developed base layer was found to be low at 27.11 ± 0.05 MPa. The developed base layer was coated with mixed colorimetric pH dyes of bromothymol blue and methyl red in a ratio of 2:3. The fabricated mixed colorimetric indicator label reacted as the carbon dioxide concentrations in the headspace increased from 0.15% ± 0.05% to 17.64% ± 0.11% (v/v) for up to 24 hours, and displayed a colour change of yellow for fresh to reddish orange for spoiled RTC idli batter stored under ambient conditions.
Less bleeding associated with apixaban versus other direct acting oral anticoagulation in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Salerno David M. , Thornberg Megan E. , Lange Nicholas W. , Hedvat Jessica , Robbins Hilary , Brown Robert S. , Jennings Douglas L. , Scheffert Jenna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of bleeding and thrombosis resulting from the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in a large cohort of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.MethodsThis was a single center, retrospective cohort study of adult kidney, heart, lung, and liver transplant recipients transplanted between August 2009 and May 2018. Patients were stratified into two groups: those who received apixaban (apixaban group) or those patients receiving either rivaroxaban or dabigatran (non‐apixaban group). The primary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of bleeding while receiving DOAC therapy. The secondary endpoints were incidence of major bleeding and thrombosis at any time while receiving DOAC therapy.ResultsA total of 106 patients were included; 70 patients received apixaban and 36 patients received non‐apixaban anticoagulation. Cumulative incidence of any bleeding was lower in the apixaban group compared to the non‐apixaban group at both 90 days (4.9% vs. 16.1%) and 180 days (11.4% vs. 24.9%, P = .034). Cumulative incidence of major bleeding (P = .686) and thrombosis (P = .515) were similar between groups. DOAC dosing congruent with the package insert(s) was associated with a lower risk of thrombosis.ConclusionApixaban‐based anticoagulation was associated with a lower cumulative incidence of any bleeding compared to non‐apixaban DOACs.
Keep CALME (childhood asymmetry labium majus enlargement) and follow up
Authors: Sechi Andrea , Patrizi Annalisa , Vara Giulio , Golfieri Rita , Neri Iria 
Published: June 2021

SummaryCALME is the abbreviation of “childhood asymmetry labium majus enlargement” and denotes a physiological, non‐neoplastic swelling of labium majus soft tissues. It is caused by the expansion of one or more normal vulvar tissue components and is devoid of a peripheral capsule. A few reports in the literature have raised awareness of this benign condition and stressed the need to avoid invasive procedures with possible permanent sequelae. The etiopathogenesis of CALME is still debated, although the hypothesis of a hormone‐driven major labia stromal hyperplasia is favored over the assumption of a benign neoplastic process. This article aims to provide a detailed review of the clinical, histological, and instrumental findings of CALME and provide a step‐based algorithm to approach and manage genito‐inguinal masses in pediatric patients.
Spatial organization and transitions of spontaneous neuronal activities in the developing sensory cortex
Authors: Nakazawa Shingo , Iwasato Takuji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe sensory cortex underlies our ability to perceive and interact with the external world. Sensory perceptions are controlled by specialized neuronal circuits established through fine‐tuning, which relies largely on neuronal activity during the development. Spontaneous neuronal activity is an essential driving force of neuronal circuit refinement. At early developmental stages, sensory cortices display spontaneous activities originating from the periphery and characterized by correlated firing arranged spatially according to the modality. The firing patterns are reorganized over time and become sparse, which is typical for the mature brain. This review focuses mainly on rodent sensory cortices. First, the features of the spontaneous activities during early postnatal stages are described. Then, the developmental changes in the spatial organization of the spontaneous activities and the transition mechanisms involved are discussed. The identification of the principles controlling the spatial organization of spontaneous activities in the developing sensory cortex is essential to understand the self‐organization process of neuronal circuits.