bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Episcopus sine ciuitate? La promoción episcopal de centros no urbanos en la Península Ibérica durante la Antigüedad Tardía
Authors: Peidro Blanes Jesús 
Published: December 2021

The episcopal power in Late Antiquity is generally configured around ciuitas. However, the conciliar legislation of 4th-7th centuries interdicted to set up bishoprics in no urban environment. There are some evidences in different European regions of their existence in minor and rural centres, responding to a diverse casuistic according to the region where are they established. From different examples, we propose a hypothesis to explain the promotion of secondary agglomerations to episcopal centres in Late Antique Hispania.
El poder del obispo a lo largo de la Antigüedad Tardía se configuraba, generalmente, alrededor de la ciuitas. No obstante, la legislación conciliar de los siglos IV al VII prohibía el establecimiento de episcopados en entornos no urbanos. En diferentes regiones europeas se documenta su existencia en centros menores y rurales que, siendo una minoría, responden a una casuística diversa según la zona en que se implantan. A partir de unos ejemplos, planteamos una hipótesis que sirva para explicar la promoción de aglomeraciones secundarias a centros episcopales en la Hispania tardoantigua.
Cruces grabadas en la necrópolis rupestre tardoantigua de Tiermes (Montejo de Tiermes, Soria)
Authors: Dohijo Eusebio 
Published: December 2021

The finding of three Latin crosses of the bracketed type, engraved in the late antiquity cave necropolis of Tiermes is studied. The cemetery context itself, in which the tombs were made, is analyzed to determine their chronology. The remains recovered during the excavations carried out there can be dated between the end of the 5th century and the middle of the 6th century. At the same time, we have confirmed that the type of crosses reproduced had a moment of splendor, precisely at that chronological moment, when it was used as a cemetery space; existing multiple parallels both in the East and in the Iberian Peninsula. They are not strange in cave stations here, of different appearance, including hermitages and/or necropolis, among others, case of hermitages and/or necropolis, among others.
Estudiamos el hallazgo de tres cruces latinas del tipo horquillado, grabadas en la necrópolis rupestre tardoantigua de Tiermes. Para determinar su cronología hemos analizado el propio contexto cementerial en el que fueron realizadas. Los restos recuperados en el transcurso de las excavaciones allí practicadas se pueden fechar entre finales del siglo V y mediados del siglo VI. A su vez, hemos corroborado cómo el tipo de cruces reproducido tuvieron un momento de esplendor justamente en ese momento cronológico, de uso cementerial del espacio; existiendo múltiples paralelos tanto en Oriente como en la Península Ibérica. Aquí no son extrañas en estaciones rupestres de distinto cariz, incluidos eremitorios y/o necrópolis, entre otros.
Díon en época cristiana. Pervivencias y cambios
Authors: Chapinal Heras Diego 
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to delve into the transition from traditional cults in the sacred city of Dion, in Macedonia, to Christianity. By means of the study of sources, mainly Archaeology and Epigraphy, these pages will present the available information concerning the Christian period of Dion. In this way, it will be possible to explain the changes of religious practices of its inhabitants. This phenomenon is characterized by the gradual abandonment of the shrines, which coincided with the erection of buildings for the Christian cult.
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la transición de los cultos tradicionales desarrollados en la ciudad sagrada de Díon, en Macedonia, al cristianismo. Por medio del estudio de las fuentes disponibles, principalmente arqueológicas y epigráficas, se expone la información que tenemos acerca del periodo cristiano de Díon, para tratar de explicar los procesos de cambio de las prácticas religiosas de sus habitantes. Este fenómeno se caracteriza por el abandono paulatino de los santuarios, en paralelo a la construcción de estructuras de culto cristiano.
INSOLARTE: breve revisión de proyectos artísticos en una estancia de investigación
Authors: Vernia Ana Mercedes 
Published: December 2021

Actualmente la música, aunque está perdiendo representatividad y presencia en las instituciones educativas, contrariamente, está tomando relevancia en la sociedad, en la calidad de vida de las personas, en la inclusión educativa y social, además se estima que es una potente herramienta de vertebración social, de empleabilidad y sostenibilidad. A través de proyectos artísticos, la música se comporta como un nexo de unión que permite la implementación en diferentes contextos y perfiles, de acciones capaces de potenciar la motivación, la autoestima, así como mejorar las competencias sociales y personales. Entre los problemas y los retos actuales, nos encontramos por una parte con la empleabilidad y su relación con la educación y la formación en los futuros maestros/as, y otra parte la importancia de la agenda 2030 y los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Nuestra propuesta se fundamenta en una estancia de investigación que se realizó en la universidad de Barcelona, a través de una convocatoria lanzada por la Conselleria D’educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esport. Direcció General d’Universitat, Investigació i Ciència de la Generalitat Valenciana. Entre los principales objetivos, además de la elaboración de un informe sobre los beneficios de los proyectos artísticos, para la transformación social y educativa, tuvimos presente la relación de la música con la formación de los futuros maestros de educación primaria y los beneficios del arte en general y de la música en especial. Para obtener información se realizaron diferentes entrevistas y se organizaron dos focus goup. Hallamos importante información que refuerza la importancia de la formación musical y sus beneficios, así como la relevancia de los proyectos artísticos en la sociedad, sin ninguna discriminación o exclusión. También reflexionamos sobre el impacto económico de los proyectos artísticos, no solo desde la empleabilidad sino también de lo que puede suponer su relación con la salud y la calidad de vida.
escolha de destinos turísticos por pessoas com deficiência visual usuárias de cão-guia
Authors: Delmanto Aline , Strehlau Vivian Yara 
Published: December 2021

A produção científica relacionada às práticas turísticas dos consumidores com deficiência ainda é incipiente e, quando existente, privilegia os cadeirantes. Buscando diminuir essa lacuna, este estudo analisa o turismo sob a ótica do um agente peculiar: o turista com deficiência visual usuário de cão-guia. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa de amostragem não-probabilística, com entrevistas em profundidade, para entender os fatores determinantes da escolha de um destino quando esse indivíduo viaja a lazer. A partir das narrativas dos respondentes, analisou-se a aceitação da deficiência, inibidores e facilitadores do consumo turístico, motivadores do consumo turístico e aspectos relacionados à informação e comunicação do destino. Os resultados apontam que os entrevistados se sentem seguros durante a viagem, porque têm a companhia do animal, elemento de suporte que dá independência e autonomia. A acessibilidade física não é um fator importante para a escolha do destino, sendo o cão-guia aquele que influencia o processo. Os critérios de seleção diferem na presença ou ausência do animal. A informação é crucial porque o planejamento da viagem é minucioso. A indicação de terceiros, principalmente aqueles que viajam com os animais, tem influência na construção da imagem do destino.
Combating a Case of COVID Pneumonia with ARDS – a Physiotherapist’s Standpoint
Authors: Ratheesh Chaithanya , Nair Aishwarya 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, affecting multiple organ systems. The disease usually presents as mild to moderate respiratory illness but in many cases has progressed to development of pneumonia and ARDS ultimately requiring ventilatory support and prolonged ICU stay. Prolonged immobilization itself is a harbinger of various complications drastically altering a patient’s functional status. Physiotherapy plays a vital role in the management of COVID-19 symptoms as well as in the prevention of complications.
Case Study: This case report describes the progress of a 44-year old female patient diagnosed with COVID-19 presenting with subsequent pneumonia and ARDS. The patient was started with medical management and supplemental oxygen therapy. In combination to the above-mentioned protocols, physiotherapy treatment was also initiated. After 2 weeks of rehabilitation and drug therapy, the patient displayed improved respiratory function at room air and was able to independently ambulate with minimal breathing difficulty.
Discussion: This case report aims to highlight the importance of early intervention of physiotherapy in COVID-19 patients. The scope of physiotherapy treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is vast. The treatment protocol adapted for this patient are in tune with the various research articles analysed to ensure evidence-based care. This will enable the healthcare professionals to ensure timely referral and early initiation of Physiotherapy treatment.
Conclusion: As per the findings and results of this case report, it is evident that the patient benefited from the timely advent of physiotherapy intervention. The key factor was the correct identification of the problematic areas and accurate prioritization based on the clinical presentation and investigation findings
Impacto da pandemia do SARS-CoV-2 na ocupacao e mobilização de pacientes de uma unidade de terapia intensiva cardiovascular
Authors: Menezes Júnior José da Natividade , Correia Helena França 
Published: December 2021

Introdução: a pandemia do SARS-CoV-2 causou impactos econômicos e sociais em todo o mundo, em especial nos sistemas de saúde, repercutindo no número de admissões hospitalares por outras doenças, na rotina dos cuidados, no acesso aos serviços e nos recursos materiais, humanos e financeiros disponibilizados. Objetivo: Analisar o impacto da pandemia SARS-CoV-2 no número de internamentos e mobilização de pacientes críticos de uma unidade de terapia intensiva cardiovascular. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal, retrospectivo, realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Cardiovascular do Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Salvador-BA. Analisaram-se comparativamente os dados de internamento e mobilização dos pacientes, no período entre março de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020, isto é pré-pandemia, e o primeiro ano de sua ocorrência. Resultados: houve redução (p <0,001) no número de internações no setor, quanto a mobilização, embora impactada nos primeiros meses da pandemia, conseguiu manter dados estáveis, quando avaliada de maneira linear. Discussão: A redução na ocupação coincide com achados de estudos nacionais e internacionais, o que pode ter influência na orientação de distanciamento social e o receio de contágio pelo vírus. Quanto à mobilização, importante instrumento de atuação fisioterapêutica nas UTI, apresentou dados similares (p= 0,8), quando comparados os dois períodos do estudo. Conclusão: notou-se impacto da pandemia no número de internamentos em uma UTI cardiológica durante a pandemia, o que deve ser futuramente estudado para avaliar as reais consequências dessa redução assistencial. Quanto à mobilização, não foi observada alteração significativa na média, antes e após a pandemia.
Composição corporal por meio da absortometria radiológica de dupla energia em idosos institucionalizados do Hospital Santo Antônio
Authors: Anunciação Sara Moreira , Ramos Helton Estrela 
Published: December 2021

Introdução: o processo de envelhecimento tem sido constante objeto de estudos epidemiológicos, em função do recrudescimento do número de idosos na população, resultando numa incessante busca de instituições de longa permanência. O uso de métodos de avaliação nutricional e de composição corporal em idosos dessas instituições pode ser considerado um diferencial na assistência multimodal. Objetivo: avaliar a composição corporal de idosos institucionalizados por meio da Absortometria Radiológica de Dupla Energia, atendidos do Hospital Santo Antônio, na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, analítico, corte transversal, com 13 idosos de ambos os sexos da referida instituição. Aplicou-se questionário sociodemográfico e de dados clínicos e os idosos foram submetidos a DXA, obedecendo a protocolos padrão para realização do exame. Resultados: predominância do sexo feminino (61%) e idade média de 79,5 (DP=7,0). As mulheres se destacaram por excesso de gordura corporal (61,5%) e, no que tange à reserva de massa muscular, a distribuição percentual e absoluta foi dividida de forma igual para ambos os sexos (50%). Conclusões: foi possível observar que grande parte dos idosos avaliados, e em especial mulheres, apresentou excesso de tecido corporal gorduroso, considerando todas as variáveis relacionadas à massa gordurosa corporal reveladas pela DXA. Estudos dentro dessa temática, no último ciclo de vida mais vulnerável são de suma importância, uma vez que o número populacional de idosos tem assumido nos últimos anos um crescimento exponencial.
Allyl Magnesium Bromide and Chloride
Authors: Florio Saverio , Capriati Vito , Lame Joana , Read Jacquelyne A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

image

(X = Br)

[

1730‐25‐2

]

C
3
H
5
BrMg

(MW 145.29)

InChI =
1S/C3H5.BrH.Mg/c1‐3‐2;;/h3H,1‐2H2;1H;/q;;+1/p‐1

InChIKey =
FEMBXICCJNZMMC‐UHFFFAOYSA‐M

(X = Cl)

[

2622‐05‐1

]

C
3
H
5
ClMg

(MW 100.84)

InChI =
1S/C3H5.ClH.Mg/c1‐3‐2;;/h3H,1‐2H2;1H;/q;;+1/p‐1

InChIKey =
PLYLAFITHJUEGX‐UHFFFAOYSA‐M

(allylating agents capable of easy addition to carbonyl compounds,

15–23

nitro compounds

57

and nitriles,

58–61

imines

43–50

and aza aromatics,

51–56

unactivated alkenes,

30–42

and of displacement reactions on halo compounds

6,24–28,53,54

)

Physical Data:
Br: fp −40 °C;
d
0.851 g cm
−3
(commercial reagent). Cl: fp −17 °C;
d
0.995 g cm
−3
(commercial reagent).

Solubility:
Br: very sol ether. Cl: slightly sol ether; sol THF.

Form Supplied in:
Br: 1.0 M solution in Et
2
O packaged under N
2
. Cl: 2.0 M solution in THF packaged under N
2
.

Preparative Methods:
allylmagnesium bromide and chloride can be easily prepared by direct reaction of
Magnesium
with
Allyl Bromide
and
Allyl Chloride
, respectively

2–5

in diethyl ether and/or tetrahydrofuran. An excess of Mg (preferably 10%) is recommended.

6,7

Prior amalgamation of
very pure
Mg

3,4

suppresses the formation of 1,5‐hexadiene. An improved preparation

8

uses a THF slurry of Mg, obtained by co‐condensation in a rotating solution reactor.

9

Preactivation of Mg by dry stirring in an inert atmosphere is also highly beneficial.

10

Allylpotassium can be readily converted into the magnesium analogs by simply adding a solution of
Magnesium Bromide
in THF.

11,12

Most of the work on allylic Grignards has been carried out with the bromide. Indeed, the bromide can be prepared in slightly higher yield than the chloride and shows a greater solubility in ether.

1

Handling, Storage, and Precautions:
both moisture‐sensitive; highly inflammable; react violently with water; induce burns. Bottles of these reagents should be flushed with N
2
, kept tightly sealed to preclude contact with oxygen, and stored far from sparks. In case of contact with eyes and skin, wash immediately with abundant water.
Iridium(2+), Triaqua[(1,2,3,4,5‐
η
)‐1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethyl‐2,4‐cyclopentadien‐1‐yl]‐, Sulfate (1:1) (9CI, ACI)
Authors: Noshi Mohammad N. , Saavedra Beatriz , Martín‐Matute Belén 
Published: January 2025

image

[

254734‐81‐1

]

C
10
H
21
IrO
7
S

(MW 477.5)

InChI =
1S/C10H15.Ir.H2O4S.3H2O/c1‐6‐7(2)9(4)10(5)8(6)3;;1‐5(2,3)4;;;/h1‐5H3;;(H2,1,2,3,4);3*1H2/q;+3;;;;/p‐2

InChIKey =
GJRJDFVEUYVULE‐UHFFFAOYSA‐L

(the reagent is an iridium aqua complex used for transfer hydrogenations; simple tripeptides are versatile ligands affording water‐soluble catalysts and also accelerate the reduction transformations; moreover, ligation to peptides enables asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reactions)

Alternate Names:
[Ir(pentamethylcyclopentadiene)(H
2
O)
3
]SO
4
; [IrCp
*
(H
2
O)
3
]SO
4
; [(η
(5)
‐C
5
Me
5
)Ir(III)(H
2
O)
3
]SO
4
; [Ir(III)(η
5
‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(H
2
O)
3
](SO
4
); [(pentamet hylcyclopentadienyl)iridium(III)(H
2
O)
3
](SO
4
); [Ir(η
5
‐pentamethylcylopentadienyl)(water)
3
]SO
4
; [Ir(η
5
‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(H
2
O)
3
]SO
4
.

Physical Data:
yellow, pale yellow, or orange solid.

1

Solubility:
sol H
2
O (300 g L
−1
) at 25 °C.

1a,2

Preparative Method:
iridium(2+), triaqua[(1,2,3,4,5‐)‐1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethyl‐2,4‐cyclopentadien‐1‐yl]‐, sulfate (1:1) can be prepared by the treatment of pentamethylcyclopentadienyliridium(III) chloride dimer with silver sulfate. The diiridium complex could be synthesized by refluxing iridium chloride and pentamethylcyclopentadiene in methanol (eq 1).

1b

image

Alternatively, pentamethylcyclopentadienyliridium(III) chloride dimer may be synthesized by refluxing hexachloroiridium with pentamethylcyclopentadiene in methanol (eq 2)

3

or heating [(η
5
‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)IrH
4
] in carbon tetrachloride and benzene (eq 3).

4

image

image

Other methods to synthesize pentamethylcyclopentadienyliridium(III) chloride dimer involve the treatment of several iridium complexes with hydrogen chloride gas (eqs 4

5

5

6

6

7

, and 7

8

).

image

image

image

image

Handling, Storage, and Precautions:
preferably stored under inert atmosphere.
Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl; 3,5‐Di‐
tert
‐butyl‐1,2‐benzoquinone
Authors: Asako Sobi 
Published: January 2025

image

Mo(CO)
6

[13939‐06‐5]

C
6
MoO
6

(MW 264.01)

InChI =
1S/6CO.Mo/c6*1‐2;

InChIKey =
KMKBZNSIJQWHJA‐UHFFFAOYSA‐N

3,5‐Di‐
tert
‐butyl‐1,2‐benzoquinone

[3383‐21‐9]

C
14
H
20
O
2

(MW 220.31)

InChI =
1S/C14H20O2/c1‐13(2,3)9‐7‐10(14(4,5)6)12(16)11(15)8‐9/h7‐8H,1‐6H3

InChIKey =
NOUZOVBGCDDMSX‐UHFFFAOYSA‐N

(reagent used for deoxygenation of carbonyl compounds and retro‐cyclopropanation)

Physical Data:
Hexacarbonylmolybdenum; 3,5‐di‐
tert
‐butyl‐1,2‐benzoquinone.

Solubility:
soluble in hot toluene and mesitylene after complexation.

Form Supplied in:
Mo(CO)
6
: colorless solid; widely available. 3,5‐di‐
tert
‐butyl‐1,2‐benzoquinone: dark‐red brown solid; widely available.

Preparative Methods:

1,2

it is typically prepared in situ by mixing an equimolar amount of Mo(CO)
6
and 3,5‐di‐
tert
‐butyl‐1,2‐benzoquinone in toluene or mesitylene at a temperature above 120 °C. The formation of the molybdenum‐quinone species is indicated by an intense purple color.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions:
although hexacarbonylmolybdenum and 3,5‐di‐
tert
‐butyl‐1,2‐benzoquinone can be handled in air, once they are mixed together, the resulting reagent should be used rapidly under an inert atmosphere. The reaction should be performed in a well‐ventilated area as CO gas may be released during the preparation. Care must be taken to avoid high pressures in reactions on a large scale.
[4,4′‐Bis(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine‐κN1,κN1′]bis[3,5‐difluoro‐2‐[5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐2‐pyridinylκN]phenyl‐κC]iridium Hexafluorophosphate
Authors: Bozinovic Nina S. 
Published: January 2025

image

[870987‐63‐6]

C
42
H
34
F
16
IrN
4
P

(MW 1121.91)

InChI =
1S/C20H24.2C12H5F5N.F6P.Ir/c1‐19(2,3)17‐11‐7‐9‐15(13‐17)16‐10‐8‐12‐18(14‐16)20(4,5)6;2*13‐8‐2‐3‐9(10(14)5‐8)11‐4‐1‐7(6‐18‐11)12(15,16)17;1‐7(2,3,4,5)6;/h7‐8,11‐14H,1‐6H3;2*1‐2,4‐6H;;/q;;;‐1;+1

InChIKey =
AKTAMCHLOKMQEV‐UHFFFAOYSA‐N

(reagent is used as a catalyst in visible‐light‐mediated photochemical organic reactions)

Alternative Names:
[Ir[dF(CF
3
)ppy]
2
(dtbbpy)]PF
6
, (4,4′‐Di‐
tert
‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)bis[3,5‐difluoro‐2‐[5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐2‐pyridinyl]phenyl]iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate.

Physical Data:
melting point/range: >300 °C.

Form Supplied in:
light yellow to yellow solid, commercially available.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions:
keep the container tightly closed. Store in a cool and dark place. Store under inert gas. Light‐sensitive. Air sensitive. Skin corrosion/irritation [Category 2]. Eye damage/irritation [Category 2A].

Preparative Methods:
the reagent is prepared by complexation between IrCl
3
·H
2
O and organic ligands.
(2‐Ethoxy‐2‐oxoethyl)‐dimethyl Sulfonium Bromide
Authors: Zhang Zhuo‐Zhuo , Li Jun‐Long 
Published: January 2025

image

[5187‐82‐6]

C
6
H
13
BrO
2
S

(MW 229.14)

InChI =
1S/C6H13O2S.BrH/c1‐4‐8‐6(7)5‐9(2)3;/h4‐5H2,1‐3H3;1H/q+1;/p‐1

InChIKey =
JXFPTJYKYKVENJ‐UHFFFAOYSA‐M

(used as a stabilized precursor of sulfur ylide reagent for the cycloaddition reaction)

Physical Data:
mp 86–88 °C.

1

Solubility:
soluble in H
2
O, insoluble in some organic solvents, such as hexane.

Form Supplied in:
white crystalline powder.

Analysis of Reagent Purity:
spectroscopic data: IR v 675, 694, 1133, 1364, 1395, 1525, 1621, 1656, 2923, 2976, 3326 cm
−1

1

and NMR.
1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3
) δ 4.93 s (2
H
, SCH
2
), 4.12 q (2
H
, CH
2
CH
3
), 3.33 s [6
H
, (CH
3
)
2
S], 1.16 t (3
H
, CH
3
CH
2
),
13
C (100 MHz, CDCl
3
) δ 163.76 (CO), 63.43 (OCH
2
), 36.51 (SCH
2
), 25.20 [(CH
3
)
2
S], 14.21 (CH
3
CH
2
).

2

Preparative Method:
a solution of ethyl bromoacetate in acetone or DMSO was stirred under nitrogen, and dimethyl sulfide was added in one portion (eq 1).

1

A white precipitate started to appear immediately and became thicker upon stirring. After stirring for 6–18 h at room temperature, the solid was filtered, washed with acetone, and dried under vacuum to afford the sulfonium salt as white crystals.

image

Handling, Storage, and Precautions:
(2‐ethoxy‐2‐oxoethyl) dimethyl sulfonium bromide is a white solid and stable to air. The solid can be stored in a dry and well‐ventilated place and should be protected from moisture.
Cyclohexanethiol
Authors: Basha R. Sidick , Lee Chin‐Fa 
Published: January 2025

image

[1569‐69‐3]

C
6
H
12
S

(MW 116.22)

InChI =
1S/C6H12S/c7‐6‐4‐2‐1‐3‐5‐6/h6‐7H,1‐5H2

InChIKey =
CMKBCTPCXZNQKX‐UHFFFAOYSA‐N

Alternative Name:
cyclohexyl thiol, cyclohexyl mercaptan, hexahydrothiophenol.

Physical Data:
bp 158–160 °C.

Density:
0.95 g mL
−1
.

Form Supplied in:
colorless liquid.

Flash Point:
43 °C.

Vapor Pressure:
5 hPa at 20 °C.

Solubility:
CHCl
3
, CH
2
Cl
2
, Toluene, CH
3
CN, EtOH, Ether, MeOH and THF.

Preparative Method:
Barton PTOC ester with S
8
followed by NaBH
4
reduction

1

or H
2
S addition to cyclohexene.

2,3

Analysis of Reagent Purity:
1
H NMR.

Handling and Storage:
air sensitive store in a dry, well‐ventilated area.
Tris(methylthio)methane
Authors: Funk Raymond L. , Knapp Spencer , Shitre Narayan S. , Prasad Kavirayani R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

image

[

5418‐86‐0

]

C
4
H
10
S
3

(MW 154.35)

InChI =
1S/C4H10S3/c1‐5‐4(6‐2)7‐3/h4H,1‐3H3

InChIKey =
YFMZQCCTZUJXEB‐UHFFFAOYSA‐N

(precursor to tris(methylthio)methyllithium,

2

useful for the preparation of carboxylic acids,

2

esters,

3

ketene thioacetals,

4

α‐hydroxy esters,

5

β‐alkoxy carbonyl lactones

6

and for ring expansion of cyclic ketones to cyclic 1,2‐keto thioacetals

7

)

Physical Data:
mp 17–18 °C

8

; bp 102 °C/15 mm

8

;
d
1.16 g cm
−3
;
1
H NMR (CCl
4
) δ 4.63 (s, 1
H
), 2.16 (s, 9
H
).

2b

Form Supplied in:
liquid; widely available.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions:
stench; irritant; use in a fume hood.