bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Willingness to pay for a new farm technology given risk preferences: Evidence from an experimental auction in Kenya
Authors: Channa Hira , Ricker‐Gilbert Jacob , De Groote Hugo , Bauchet Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSmallholder farmers and small‐scale traders who do not have access to moisture measurement tools may not be able to fully observe moisture content in their grain. However, encouraging the adoption of these tools is important for food safety, because growth of dangerous toxins can be prevented by drying grain to 13.5% moisture content or below before storage. Several low‐cost devices have recently been developed that can accurately test moisture content in maize. In this article, we first estimate the demand for two such devices among smallholder farmers and small‐scale traders in Western Kenya. Second, we measure the impact of individuals’ risk aversion on willingness to pay for these devices. Third, we measure framing effects in experimental auctions by eliciting valuations with increasing and decreasing price lists. We found that more than 80% of respondents were willing to pay more than the wholesale price for the cheaper of the two devices. Farmers in our sample, who were growing maize primarily for own consumption, were willing to pay more than traders. Individuals who were more risk‐averse reported a slightly higher willingness‐to‐pay for these risk‐reducing devices. Finally, farmers—but not traders—were sensitive to framing effects: mean bids elicited with a decreasing price list during the auction were 37% higher than those with an increasing price list.
American Politics in Two Dimensions: Partisan and Ideological Identities versus Anti‐Establishment Orientations
Authors: Uscinski Joseph E. , Enders Adam M. , Seelig Michelle I. , Klofstad Casey A. , Funchion John R. , Everett Caleb , Wuchty Stefan , Premaratne Kamal , Murthi Manohar N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractContemporary political ills at the mass behavior level (e.g., outgroup aggression, conspiracy theories) are often attributed to increasing polarization and partisan tribalism. We theorize that many such problems are less the product of left‐right orientations than an orthogonal “anti‐establishment” dimension of opinion dominated by conspiracy, populist, and Manichean orientations. Using two national surveys from 2019 and 2020, we find that this dimension of opinion is correlated with several antisocial psychological traits, the acceptance of political violence, and time spent on extremist social media platforms. It is also related to support for populist candidates, such as Trump and Sanders, and beliefs in misinformation and conspiracy theories. While many inherently view politics as a conflict between left and right, others see it as a battle between “the people” and a corrupt establishment. Our findings demonstrate an urgent need to expand the traditional conceptualization of mass opinion beyond familiar left‐right identities and affective orientations.
Spatial and Temporal Changes in Testis Morphology and Sperm Ultrastructure of the Sportfish Sauger (Sander canadensis)
Authors: Blawut Bryan , Wolfe Barbara , Premanandan Christoper , Schuenemann Gustavo , Ludsin Stuart A. , Veeramachaneni D. N. Rao , Coutinho da Silva Marco A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess testicular morphology and spermatozoal structure spatially within the reproductive tract and temporally among seasons in the sauger (Sander canadensis). The testis exists as two separate lobes joined at the urogenital pore and were characterised as unrestricted lobular with seminiferous tubules terminating at the ventral periphery and coalescing dorsally on the main sperm duct. Differences were observed between the pre‐breeding season (November) and breeding season (March), with every stage of spermatogenesis occurring in spermatocysts in pre‐breeding season in contrast to only spermatozoa being present in the tubules and main duct during the breeding season. Longitudinal folds in the main duct epithelium increased in number with increasing proximity to the urogenital pore, greatly increasing epithelial height regardless of season. Sauger spermatozoa consisted of an ovoid head, a midpiece containing 2 – 4 mitochondria incorporated into the head and a single flagellum containing an asymmetrical lateral ribbon. Motile spermatozoa were found throughout the testis during the breeding season. A decrease in sperm concentration was quantified moving proximally, suggesting a hydration effect by the main duct epithelium during the breeding season. These observations fill an important knowledge gap regarding reproductive biology of this impactful recreational fish species.
Examining the within‐person effects of abusive supervision on multifoci deviance: Ethical climate as a moderator
Authors: Wang Hongqing , Xiao Jiuling 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe examine the dynamic mechanism by which daily abusive supervision affects daily multifoci deviance through daily negative emotion and investigate the boundary conditions of this mechanism. Using a daily diary sample from 73 employees completed with quantitative responses for five consecutive weekdays, we find that daily abusive supervision has a significant positive effect on daily organization‐, supervisor‐, coworker‐, and customer‐directed deviance and that daily negative emotion mediates these relationships. A supplementary study reveals that the indirect effect of daily abusive supervision on daily supervisor‐directed deviance mainly occurs via anger and that the indirect effect of daily abusive supervision on daily organization‐, coworker‐, and customer‐directed deviance mainly occurs via general negative emotions (distress and nervousness). The moderation results show that instrumental climate has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between negative emotion and customer‐ and coworker‐directed deviant behavior. A caring climate has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between negative emotion and organization‐, supervisor‐, and coworker‐directed deviant behavior. The other moderation effects are not supported. These findings can be used to manage deviant workplace behaviors.
Thermal record of the building of an orogen in the retro‐foreland basin: Insight from basement and detrital thermochronology in the eastern Pyrenees and the north Pyrenean basin (France)
Authors: Al Reda Stéphane M. , Barbarand Jocelyn , Gautheron Cécile , Lasseur Eric , Loget Nicolas , Pinna‐Jamme Rosella , Briais Justine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn understanding of the evolution of foreland basins improves our knowledge of how mountain belts have grown and helps us to decipher events which may not be preserved in the orogen. The infilling of the north Pyrenean retro‐foreland basin (Aquitaine Basin, France) during the main exhumation of the Pyrenees and its corresponding thermal history have not been fully investigated. We applied apatite fission track (AFT) and (U‐Th‐Sm)/He (AHe) methods coupled with inverse thermal modelling on both the detrital Eocene (47 to 33 Ma) syn‐orogenic Palassou conglomerates of the eastern part of the Aquitaine Basin and basement samples from the North Pyrenean Zone and the Axial Zone of the Pyrenees. Apatite crystals were separated from granitic cobbles found in the conglomerates. AFT ages for detrital samples range from 27 ± 2 to 43 ± 4 Ma, and AHe ages from 13 ± 1 to 76 ± 5 Ma. For in situ massifs AFT ages range from 35 ± 2 to 90 ± 17 Ma and AHe ages from 39 ± 2 and 80 ± 5 Ma. AFT ages for detrital samples are close to deposition ages, whereas AHe ages are older and younger than deposition ages and show a partial thermal resetting due to burial. A detailed analysis of the ages obtained and thermal histories derived from modelling shows that ages reflect (a) exhumation from 70 to 55 Ma revealed by a long stay in the partial retention zone (PRZ), (b) a Palaeocene–Eocene cooling in the Pyrenees, (c) a post‐depositional episode of moderate heating of the sediments in the basin represented by partially reset young AHe and AFT ages compared to deposition ages and (d) an early to mid‐Miocene final exhumation of the basin deposits as evidenced by young AHe ages and geological constrains. These results reflect a common event with the south Pyrenean foreland basin that is characterized by high piedmont aggradation from the late Eocene to the Miocene. The aggradation of sediments is possibly connected with well‐known high elevation low relief surfaces in the core of the Pyrenees and followed by a Miocene exhumation event that is already observed on the southern flank. However, the timing of the aggradation and exhumation events could be different between the north and the south. Erosion occurred most probably during the early to mid‐Miocene in the north and during the late Miocene–early Pliocene in the south.
Indian plate structural inheritance in the Himalayan foreland basin, Nepal
Authors: Duvall Michael J. , Waldron John W. F. , Godin Laurent , Najman Yani , Copley Alex 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Himalaya, the Earth's largest active orogen, produces a deep but relatively unexplored foreland basin by loading the Indian Plate. Newly available two‐dimensional seismic data (ca. 5,180 line km) spanning 900 km of the Nepali lowlands allow mapping and interpretation of several regional subsurface markers in two‐way‐travel time and estimated depth. Isopach maps for the major intervals allow us to interpret the interplay between basement structure, flexure, and faulting within the Ganga Basin. The Indian continental lithosphere beneath the foreland basin contains basement ridges oriented at high angles to the thrust belt. These basement structural highs and intervening depressions, tens to hundreds of kilometres wide, influenced deposition of the Precambrian Vindhyan strata and overlying Paleozoic to Mesozoic successions. The overlying Miocene to Quaternary foreland basin shows along‐strike thickness variations across the basement features. Because the foreland basin sediments were mainly deposited in an alluvial plain close to sea‐level, accommodation, and therefore thickness, was predominantly controlled by subsidence of the Indian Plate, providing evidence that the basement features controlled foreland basin development. Subsidence varied in time and space during Neogene basin development. When combined with flexural modelling, these observations imply that the subsidence history of the basin was controlled by inherited lateral variations in the flexural rigidity of the Indian Plate, as it was translated northward beneath the Himalayan Orogen. Basement features continue to play a role in higher levels of the thrust belt, showing that basement features in a down‐going plate may produce non‐cylindrical structures throughout orogen development.
Efficacy of psychological interventions for selective mutism in children: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Steains Sophie Y. , Malouff John M. , Schutte Nicola S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSelective mutism is a rare childhood anxiety disorder characterized by a consistent failure to speak in certain social situations where speech is expected, despite fluent speech in other situations. The purpose of this meta‐analysis was to investigate the efficacy of psychological interventions for selective mutism in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsFive RCTs with a total of 233 participants were analysed using a random‐effects model. A quality assessment of the included studies revealed that psychometrically sound measures and treatment manuals were used across all studies.ResultsThe results of the analyses showed psychological interventions to be more effective than no treatment, with the overall weighted effect size of g = 0.87, indicating a large mean treatment effect. This effect did not significantly differ with whether only selective mutism specific or nonselective mutism specific measures were included in the analysis.ConclusionsThese findings provide support for the efficacy of psychological treatment for selective mutism. Future research could examine the effects of the successful treatments identified in this meta‐analysis when compared with a psychological placebo or another bona fide treatment.
Incarcerated mothers' views of their children's experience: A qualitative study in French nurseries
Authors: Ogrizek Anais , Moro Marie Rose , Lachal Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractContextIn France, young children of incarcerated women live with their mothers in prison in specific units called nurseries, up to the age of 18 months. Only a few studies have examined the impact of this environment on these children. This study sought to explore through mothers' narratives how they perceive their children to experience this environment and how it affects their development.MethodWe used semistructured interviews to collect the perceptions of 25 mothers about their children's experience of daily life in 12 different prison nurseries in France. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore the data.ResultsAccording to mothers, prison is a sensorially aggressive environment for children that may impair the children's sensory abilities. The children's and mothers' emotional perceptions of anger, sadness, insecurity and imprisonment intertwine. Prison is home for these children, which leads them to establish strong bonds with this inside world—prison staff, other inmates—but to develop reluctances and concern about exploring the outside world.ConclusionThe prison's sensorial environment may overlay the sensorial environment created by the mother, interfering with early mother–child interactions and leading to emotional misattunement. The gap between what the mother and the child each feel to be their home, and the social group they feel they belong to, causes pain to the mothers. This could alter their mandate of being a protective shield that could reduce the traumatic potential of the carceral environment on their babies. These mothers' sentences must be reconsidered for the sake of their children.
Point‐Based Neural Rendering with Per‐View Optimization
Authors: Kopanas Georgios , Philip Julien , Leimkühler Thomas , Drettakis George 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere has recently been great interest in neural rendering methods. Some approaches use 3D geometry reconstructed with Multi‐View Stereo (MVS) but cannot recover from the errors of this process, while others directly learn a volumetric neural representation, but suffer from expensive training and inference. We introduce a general approach that is initialized with MVS, but allows further optimization of scene properties in the space of input views, including depth and reprojected features, resulting in improved novel‐view synthesis. A key element of our approach is our new differentiable point‐based pipeline, based on bi‐directional Elliptical Weighted Average splatting, a probabilistic depth test and effective camera selection. We use these elements together in our neural renderer, that outperforms all previous methods both in quality and speed in almost all scenes we tested. Our pipeline can be applied to multi‐view harmonization and stylization in addition to novel‐view synthesis.
PosterChild: Blend‐Aware Artistic Posterization
Authors: Chao Cheng‐Kang Ted , Singh Karan , Gingold Yotam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPosterization is an artistic effect which converts continuous images into regions of constant color with smooth boundaries, often with an artistically recolored palette. Artistic posterization is extremely time‐consuming and tedious. We introduce a blend‐aware algorithm for generating posterized images with palette‐based control for artistic recoloring. Our algorithm automatically extracts a palette and then uses multi‐label optimization to find blended‐color regions in terms of that palette. We smooth boundaries away from image details with frequency‐guided median filtering. We evaluate our algorithm with a comparative user study and showcase its ability to produce compelling posterizations of a variety of inputs. Our parameters provide artistic control and enable cohesive, real‐time recoloring after posterization pre‐processing.
Weight bias reduction among first‐year medical students: A quasi‐randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Fitterman‐Harris Hannah F. , Vander Wal Jillon S. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryImplicit and explicit weight bias is prevalent among healthcare professionals and results in negative outcomes, including weak physician‐patient rapport, low patient trust in physicians, and avoidance of healthcare. This study aimed to decrease weight bias in medical students via a one‐session, curriculum‐based intervention founded on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM). First‐year medical students (N = 101) were quasi‐randomly assigned to a group‐based experimental or education‐based control intervention. Data collected included measures of implicit and explicit weight bias and empathy (pre‐intervention and up to 2 days post‐intervention), and thoughts regarding weight bias (collected at the end of the intervention). Social desirability was identified as an important covariate. After controlling for social desirability, the intervention group showed no greater reduction in multi‐item explicit bias rating scales or a computerized implicit bias task than the control group. Both groups showed less discomfort when near individuals with obesity (p < 0.01). The intervention group wrote a greater number of statements about weight bias and obesity (p < 0.05) and a greater number of statements about the harms of weight bias (p < 0.001) than the control group on a thought‐listing task. Results highlight use of the ELM and the importance of controlling for social desirability in weight bias interventions. A thought‐listing task captured unique intervention effects, highlighting potential gaps in the assessment of weight bias.
Dynamically adaptive and diverse dual ensemble learning approach for handling concept drift in data streams
Authors: Goel Kanu , Batra Shalini 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConcept drift refers to the change in data distributions and evolving relationships between input and output variables with the passage of time. To analyze such variations in learning environments and generate models which can accommodate changing performance of predictive systems is one of the challenging machine learning applications. In general, the majority of the existing schemes consider one of the specific drift types: gradual, abrupt, recurring, or mixed, with traditional voting setup. In this work, we propose a novel data stream framework, dynamically adaptive and diverse dual ensemble (DA‐DDE) which responds to multiple drift types in the incoming data streams by combining online and block‐based ensemble techniques. In the proposed scheme, a dual diversified ensemble‐based system is constructed with the combination of active and passive ensembles, updated over a diverse set of resampled input space. The adaptive weight setting method is proposed in this work which utilizes the overall performance of learners on historic as well as recent concepts of distributions. Further a dual voting system has been used for hypothesis generation by considering dynamic adaptive credibility of ensembles in real time. Comparative analysis with 14 state‐of‐the‐art algorithms on 24 artificial and 11 real datasets shows that DA‐DDE is highly effective in handling various drift types.
Screening major trauma patients for prevalence of illicit drugs
Authors: Knott Jonathan , Yap Celene , Mitra Biswadev , Gerdtz Marie , Daniel Catherine , Braitberg George 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionAustralasian emergency departments (ED) routinely test patient alcohol levels following major trauma, but assessment for illicit drugs is uncommon.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study of major motor‐vehicle‐related trauma patients attending both adult major trauma centres in Victoria, Australia. All eligible patients had point‐of‐care saliva testing to determine the prevalence of common illicit drugs.ResultsOver 12 months, 1411 patients were screened, 36 refused (2.6%) and 63 were excluded. Of the final 1312 cases included, 173 (13.2%; 95% confidence interval 11.5, 15.1) tested positive to at least one illicit substance, with 133 (76.9%; 69.7, 82.8) positive for meth/amphetamines. One in five had more than one illicit substance detected. Patients testing positive were most frequently in motor vehicles (91.9% vs. 85.6%) and least frequently cyclists (2.3% vs. 4.2%) or pedestrians (5.2% vs. 10.3%), compared to those testing negative. They were younger (mean age 35.4 vs. 43.1 years), more likely to arrive overnight (27.2% vs. 12.1%) or after single vehicle crashes (54.3% vs. 42.3%). Although the initial disposition from ED did not differ, those testing positive were more likely to re‐present within 28 days (13.9% vs. 5.4%).Discussion and ConclusionsA high prevalence of potentially illicit substances among patients presenting with suspected major trauma supports the need for urgent preventive strategies. The low rate of patient refusal and large numbers screened by ED staff suggests that point‐of care testing for illicit substances in major trauma is acceptable and feasible. This study and ongoing surveillance may be used to inform driver education strategies.
Cerebral cortex maldevelopment in syndromic craniosynostosis
Authors: Wilson Alexander T , Den Ottelander Bianca K , Van Veelen Marie‐Lise C , Dremmen Marjolein HG , Persing John A , Vrooman Henri A , Mathijssen Irene MJ , Tasker Robert C 
Published: July 2021

AimTo assess the relationship of surface area of the cerebral cortex to intracranial volume (ICV) in syndromic craniosynostosis.MethodRecords of 140 patients (64 males, 76 females; mean age 8y 6mo [SD 5y 6mo], range 1y 2mo–24y 2mo) with syndromic craniosynostosis were reviewed to include clinical and imaging data. Two hundred and three total magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were evaluated in this study (148 patients with fibroblast growth factor receptor [FGFR], 19 patients with TWIST1, and 36 controls). MRIs were processed via FreeSurfer pipeline to determine total ICV and cortical surface area (CSA). Scaling coefficients were calculated from log‐transformed data via mixed regression to account for multiple measurements, sex, syndrome, and age. Educational outcomes were reported by syndrome.ResultsMean ICV was greater in patients with FGFR (1519cm3, SD 269cm3, p=0.016) than in patients with TWIST1 (1304cm3, SD 145cm3) or controls (1405cm3, SD 158cm3). CSA was related to ICV by a scaling law with an exponent of 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.76) in patients with FGFR compared to 0.81 (95% CI 0.50–1.12) in patients with TWIST1 and 0.77 (95% CI 0.61–0.93) in controls. Lobar analysis revealed reduced scaling in the parietal (0.50, 95% CI 0.42–0.59) and occipital (0.67, 95% CI 0.54–0.80) lobes of patients with FGFR compared with controls. Modified learning environments were needed more often in patients with FGFR.InterpretationDespite adequate ICV in FGFR‐mediated craniosynostosis, CSA development is reduced, indicating maldevelopment, particularly in parietal and occipital lobes. Modified education is also more common in patients with FGFR.