bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting for growth in the USSR and Russia, 1950–2012
Authors: Voskoboynikov Ilya B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhy did the Soviet economy slowdown in last decades before its collapse? How did the proximate sources of economic growth of Russia change after the transition from a planned to a market economy? Previous research has suggested inputs‐driven growth before the transition and total factor productivity (TFP) as its main driver afterwards. This paper presents a new growth accounting exercise for Russia and Russian industry, using new historical statistics and Russia KLEMS data for capital, the historical series of Russian gross domestic product (GDP) from the Hitotsubashi Asian Historical Statistics Project, and alternative measures of capital inputs. In contrast with previous studies, this paper shows that in Russia TFP was the main determinant of labor productivity performance before and after the transition. The contribution of capital intensity was relatively stable in both periods. For Russian industry, the difference between the planned and market economy periods appears in the impact of capital quality. Before the transition, growth structures overbore machinery, deteriorating capital quality and labor productivity growth, while in 1999–2008, the dominating contribution of machinery fueled growth. Finally, the paper shows that the transformational recession of 1990s can be partially explained by the fall of capital services.
Outcome following surgery to treat septic peritonitis in 95 cats in the United Kingdom
Authors: Anderson T. , Beever L. , Hall J. , Moores A. , Llanos C. , Adams R. , Meakin L. , Coppola M. , Bowlt‐Blacklock K. , Holmes M. A. , Barnes D. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo review the cause, management and outcome in cats with septic peritonitis within the United Kingdom (2008 to 2018) and to identify if previously identified prognostic factors were associated with survival in this population.Materials and MethodsClinical records from 10 referral hospitals in United Kingdom were reviewed. Data collected included signalment, clinicopathological data and management techniques. Serum albumin, glucose, lactate and ionised calcium concentration; presence of intraoperative hypotension and correct empirical antibiosis were analysed via logistic regression for association with survival.ResultsNinety‐five cats were included. The overall survival rate was 66%. Lethargy (89%) and anorexia (75%) were the most common clinical signs, with abdominal pain and vomiting in 44% and 27% of cases, respectively. Gastro‐intestinal leakage was the most common source of contamination. The presence of an abdominal mass on clinical examination was not strongly predictive of the presence of neoplasia on histology and did not confer a worse prognosis. Cats presenting with dehiscence of a previous enterotomy/enterectomy did not have a worse prognosis than those presenting with other aetologies. Intraoperative hypotension (adjusted odds ratio 0.173, 95% confidence intervals 0.034 to 0.866, P=0.033) was associated with non‐survival. Cats that survived beyond 1 day postoperatively had an improved likelihood of survival (87.5%). All cats that survived beyond 6 days were successfully discharged.Clinical SignificanceThis study describes the largest group of cats with septic peritonitis with an overall survival rate of 66%. The presence of an abdominal mass on clinical examination or having dehiscence of a previous gastrointestinal surgery did not confer a worse prognosis.
Effect of doxepin on quality of life in Labradors with laryngeal paralysis: A double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Rishniw Mark , Sammarco Jill , Glass Eric N. , Cerroni Brittany 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLaryngeal paralysis commonly affects older Labrador retrievers. Currently, dogs with severe disease require surgical intervention, most commonly arytenoid lateralization. Anecdotally, doxepin has been proposed to help dogs with laryngeal paralysis.HypothesisDoxepin will improve quality of life measures assessed by owners of Labrador retrievers with laryngeal paralysis not requiring emergency surgery.AnimalsTwenty‐two Labrador retrievers with laryngeal paralysis.MethodsDogs were randomized to receive doxepin (3‐5 mg/kg q12h PO) or placebo for 28 days. Owners completed quality‐of‐life assessments before and after completing the study. Data were compared between groups using Rank‐Sum tests or Fisher's exact tests.ResultsThe 2 groups of dogs did not differ at baseline except for owner‐perceived degree of ataxia (owners of dogs receiving doxepin considered them more ataxic than owners of dogs receiving placebo). After 28 days, owner‐assessed quality of life measures did not differ between dogs receiving doxepin or placebo (dogs worsening: doxepin = 2, placebo = 1; dogs unchanged: doxepin = 6, placebo = 7; dogs improved: doxepin = 4, placebo = 2; P = .84). Dogs receiving placebo had a greater improvement in client‐assessed overall health than dogs receiving doxepin (mean ranks: doxepin = 4.36, placebo = 6.64; P = .04). The study was terminated at this interim analysis.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDoxepin did not appear to improve any measures of owner‐assessed quality of life in Labrador retrievers with laryngeal paralysis.
Identifying associations between dental arch relationship scores, relative deprivation and other cleft audit outcomes. Part 1
Authors: Sullivan Zak Christopher , Van Eeden Simon , McMahon Siobhan , Edwards Zoe , Flannigan Norah , Seshu Madhavi , Dominguez‐Gonzalez Susana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess whether dental arch relationship scores are associated with speech, audiological and psychology outcomes in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP).Setting and sample populationOne hundred 5‐year‐old children with non‐syndromic complete UCLP and forty‐two 5‐year‐olds with non‐syndromic complete BCLP from the United Kingdom.Material and methodsData were collected from five‐year audit clinics for dental arch relationships, speech, hearing and psychology outcomes. Associations were assessed between ordinal prognostic covariates and the dental arch relationship outcome using a Cochrane‐Armitage test for trend and comparisons with binary prognostic covariates using chi‐square/Fisher's exact test. This was extended to assess associations between five‐year audit outcomes and a measure of deprivation.ResultsThere was no evidence of associations between dental arch relationships and outcomes for audiology and speech. Individual domain analysis of the psychology outcomes within the UCLP cohort reported a poor outcome for Pro‐social score to be associated with a poor 5‐year‐old index score (P = .018). For the BCLP sample, a good outcome for the BCLP Deciduous Dentition Yardstick was associated with a good conduct score (P = .01).ConclusionThere was no association with the 5‐year‐old index/BCLP Deciduous Dentition Yardstick score and outcomes reported for audiology and speech. For the UCLP and BCLP cohorts, a poor dental arch relationship outcome may be associated with issues with some aspects of psychological well‐being, associated with peer interactions and conduct. The deprivation index of samples had no association with the outcomes assessed.
Modified K‐line for Making Decisions Regarding the Surgical Approach in Patients with K‐line (‐) OPLL
Authors: Liu Xizhe , Tan Bizhi , Xiao Bin , Zou Xuenong , Liu Shaoyu 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the modified K‐line can be used to predict the clinical outcome and to determine the surgical approach for K‐line (−) patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).MethodsA new modified K‐line was defined as the line connecting the midpoints of the spinal cord at C4 and C6 on the lateral cervical radiographs. A total of four consecutive patients (three men and one woman) with cervical myelopathy due to OPLL were included in this research. The patients were diagnosed with OPLL with K‐line (−) while they were also classified as modified K‐line (+). Preoperative modified K‐line was used to predict the surgical outcome in K‐line (−) patients with OPLL according to the original K‐line. And a modified laminoplasty with C3 laminectomy and C4‐6 bilateral open‐door laminoplasty was adopted to perform on all the patients. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores before surgery and at 1‐year follow‐up after surgery were evaluated and the recovery rate was calculated. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were also evaluated before surgery and after surgery. Furthermore, cervical plain radiographs in neutral position before surgery and after surgery were obtained to measure C2–C7 angles for assessing the cervical sagittal alignment.ResultsThe results showed that good neurological improvement could be achieved in all K‐line (−) patients who underwent C3 laminectomy with C4–C6 bilateral open‐door laminoplasty. The Postoperative JOA scores improved from 13.5 to 16.5, from 11 to 16.5, from 13 to 16, and from 12.5 to 13, respectively. The mean recovery rate was 65.4% in the K‐line (−) patients. And the VAS scores dropped from 3 to 1, 5 to 2, 5 to 3, and 4 to 2, respectively. The JOA and VAS scores showed satisfaction in all patients at the 1‐year follow‐up. Relatively satisfactory and stable cervical sagittal alignment was observed on postoperative lateral radiography in all patients at the 3‐month follow‐up period. There were no postoperative complications associated with this technique found in all the patients.ConclusionsModified K‐line may predict the clinical outcome of this modified laminoplasty and offer guidance regarding the choice of surgical method for K‐line (−) patients with OPLL. Additionally, C3 laminectomy with C4–C6 bilateral open‐door laminoplasty should be recommended for the use in patients with K‐line (−) OPLL, who were also classified as modified K‐line (+). However, further studies with more cases will be required to reveal its generalizability and availability.
Establishment of visual assessment for the severity of dark circles in Chinese Han women
Authors: Tan Yimei , Jiang Yanwen , Chen Jiaping , Sun Hua , Qiu Yuchen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo establish a visual assessment scale for the severity of dark circles' pigmented and vascular type in Chinese women.Materials and methodA total of 269 healthy Chinese women from Shanghai with different degrees of dark circles', both pigmented and vascular types, were evaluated by visual assessment. Photographs of their dark circles were analyzed by image analysis.ResultsThe visual assessment evaluation on classification and severity showed a favorable agreement between the successive measured results. Significant differences from very slight to severe dark circles for pigmented type and vascular type were observed. The severity level by visual assessment was significantly positively correlated with ΔE values while negatively correlated with ΔL values (P < .01) in both pigmented and vascular types. Besides, Δa values of vascular type were significantly positively correlated with the ΔE values for dark circles' vascular type. Values between ΔE and ΔL also showed a significant negative correlation (P < .01).ConclusionThe five‐point visual assessment scale for dark circles of vascular and pigmented types was verified and proved to have good repeatability. The image analysis's objective result proved significant and consistent with the visual assessment and color parameters. This scale could be a useful and effective tool in diagnosing dark circles' severity.
Developing an Artificial Intelligence (A.I)‐based descriptor of facial appearance that fits with the assessments of makeup experts
Authors: Flament Frederic , Zhang Yuze , Yu Zhi , Jiang Ruowei , Houghton Jeff , Sarda Duthil Lauren , Arcin Vincent , Daniel Raja , Perrier Jean‐Charles , Niviere Joel , Moyano German , Thenin Audrey , Garcia Maxime‐Stephane , Adam Anne‐Sophie , Chibout Salim , Blin Xavier , Delaunay Caroline , Aarabi Pahram 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo develop an A.I‐based automatic descriptor that detects and grades, from selfie pictures, 23 facial signs, hairs included, as a help to making‐up procedures.Material and MethodsThe selfie images taken in very different conditions by 3326 women and men were used to create (90% of dataset) and validate (10% of dataset) a new algorithm architecture to appraise and grade 23 different facial signs such as lips, nose, eye color, eyebrows, eyelashes, and hair color as defined by makeup artists. Each selfie image was annotated by 12 experts and defined references to train Artificial Intelligence (A.I)‐based algorithm.ResultsAs some the 23 signs present a continuous or discontinuous feature, these were analyzed by two different statistical approaches. The results provided by the automatic descriptor system were not only in good agreement with the expert's assessments but were even found of a better precision and reproducibility. This automatic descriptor system has proven a good and robust accuracy despite the very variable conditions in the acquisition of selfie pictures.ConclusionSuch automatic descriptor system seems providing a valuable help in making‐up procedures and may extend to other activities such as Skincare or Haircare. As such it should allow large investigations to better evaluate the consumers’ needs of esthetical improvements.
Random Response of Wake-Oscillator Excited by Fluctuating Wind
Authors: Deng Mao Lin , Mu Gen Jin , Zhu Wei Qiu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many wake-oscillator models applied to study vortex-induced vibration (VIV) are assumed to be excited by ideal wind that is assumed to be uniform flow with constant velocity. However, in the field of wind engineering, the real wind is generally described as being composed of mean wind and fluctuating wind. A wake-oscillator excited by fluctuating wind should be treated as a randomly excited and dissipated multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) nonlinear system. The study of such a system is challenging and so far there is no exact solution available. The present paper aims to carry out the study on the stochastic dynamics of VIV. The stochastic averaging method of quasi-integrable Hamiltonian systems under wideband random excitation is applied to study both the original Hartlen–Currie wake-oscillator model and a modified version excited by fluctuating wind. The probability and statistics of the random response of wake-oscillator in resonant (lock-in) case and in non-resonant case are analytically obtained, and the analytical results are confirmed using numerical simulation of the original system.
Does sex affect second ACL injury risk? A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Patel Akash D , Bullock Garrett S , Wrigley Jordan , Paterno Mark V , Sell Timothy C , Losciale Justin M 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo determine sex-based differences in risk of a second ACL injury (overall and by laterality) following primary ACL reconstruction in athletes who are attempting to return to sport.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesSystematic search of five databases conducted in August 2019.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies reporting sex-based differences in the incidence of second ACL injury in athletes attempting to return-to-sports and who were followed for at least 1 year following primary ACL reconstruction.ResultsNineteen studies were included in this review, with seven studies excluded from the primary meta-analysis due to high risk of bias. The remaining 12 studies (n=1431 females, n=1513 males) underwent meta-analysis, with all 19 studies included in a sensitivity analysis. Total second ACL injury risk was 21.9% (females: 22.8%, males: 20.3%). Females were found to have 10.7% risk of an ipsilateral ACL injury and 11.8% risk of a contralateral ACL injury. Males were found to have 12.0% risk of an ipsilateral ACL injury and 8.7% risk of a contralateral ACL injury. No statistically significant differences were observed for total second ACL injury risk (risk difference=−0.6%, 95% CI −4.9 to 3.7, p=0.783, I2=41%) or contralateral ACL injury risk (risk difference=1.9%, 95% CI −0.5% to 4.4%, p=0.113, I2=15%) between sexes. Females were found to have a 3.4% absolute risk reduction in subsequent ipsilateral ACL injury risk compared with males (risk difference=−3.4%, 95% CI −6.7% to −0.02%, p=0.037, I2=35%).ConclusionBoth sexes have >20% increased risk of experiencing a second ACL injury. Any difference in the absolute risk of either a subsequent ipsilateral or contralateral ACL injury between sexes appears to be small.RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42020148369)
Durable Physiological Changes and Decreased Syncope Burden 12 Months After Unifocal Right-Sided Ablation Under Computed Tomographic Guidance in Patients With Neurally Mediated Syncope or Functional Sinus Node Dysfunction
Authors: Debruyne Philippe , Rossenbacker Tom , Janssens Luc , Collienne Christine , Ector Joris , Haemers Peter , le Polain de Waroux Jean-Benoît , Bazelmans Christine , Boussy Tim , Wijns William 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Cardioneuromodulation is a cardioneuroablative approach aiming to create adequate vagolysis of the sinoatrial node through partial ablation of the anterior right ganglionated plexus.

Methods:
We performed an interventional study in patients with recurrent neurally mediated syncope (group A) or functional sinus node dysfunction (group B). Syncope burden, ECG, 24-hour rhythm data, tilt table test, exercise test, and pharmacological challenge with atropine were assessed at baseline and at regular intervals to 12 months.

Results:

Fifty patients (31 in group A and 19 in group B) underwent cardioneuromodulation. The mean number of syncopes during the previous 12 months was 9.7±18.2. The procedure was associated with a lower rate of syncope (−95%) and presyncope (−95%) at 12 months versus baseline (
P
<0.001). Thirty-seven patients remained entirely free of syncope at 12 months, and the syncope-free survival curve remained stable between the 12- and 30-month follow-up. After a mean ablation time of 8±4 minutes, the P-P interval shortened by 247±146 ms (
P
<0.001). Basal heart rate (HR) increased by 18% (
P
<0.001) and remained stable between 6 and 12 months. At 12 months, the mean HR increased by 12% in the entire cohort (
P
<0.001), reached 23% in patients with baseline mean HR <70 beats per minute (
P
<0.01), and did not increase in patients with baseline HR >70 beats per minute. Maximum HR during exercise decreased by 10 beats per minute at 1 month (
P
<0.001) and was restored at 12 months.

Conclusions:
Cardioneuromodulation is a safe and fast treatment giving rise to a long-term partial sinus node vagolysis with no apparent short- or long-term safety concerns or undesirable persisting modifications of the intracardiac autonomous nervous system. The impact on vasoplegia is less clear. Cardioneuromodulation is associated with a good clinical outcome in most patients with neurally mediated syncope or functional sinus node dysfunction. These promising data require confirmation in a multicenter randomized trial.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02954666.
RETRO-MAPPING: A New Approach to Activation Mapping in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Reveals Evidence of Spatiotemporal Stability
Authors: Mann Ian , Linton Nick W.F. , Coyle Clare , Howard James P. , Fudge Michael , Lim Elaine , Qureshi Norman , Koa-Wing Michael , Whinnett Zachary , Lim Phang Boon , Ng Fu Siong , Peters Nicholas S. , Francis Darrel P. , Kanagaratnam Prapa 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation (AF) remain controversial. We developed Representation of Electrical Tracking or Origin-Mapping to characterize activation wavefronts by direction and uniformity, accumulating data as an orbital plot and analyzed as frequency histograms. We applied this technique to patients undergoing AF ablation to determine if AF activation is random.

Methods:
Patients undergoing persistent AF ablation were recruited, and an AFocusII was positioned at multiple left atrial locations and kept steady for 1 minute to collect electrograms. The AFocusII was returned to the original site and position after >10 minutes for a repeat 1-minute data collection. Data were exported to custom Representation of Electrical Tracking or Origin-Mapping software, and 30 seconds consecutive time windows at each location were studied using frequency histograms of wavefronts. R50 (the range in degrees containing 50% of the total activation) was used as a method to enable statistical comparisons of activation patterns. Electrogram characterization into categories of complex fractionated atrial electrograms by Ensite Precision was subjected to similar analysis.

Results:

Consecutive 30 seconds segments were studied at 161 locations in 18 pts. Mean overlap between frequency histograms was 79.5%±7.7 (95% CI, 78.3–80.7). Nine patients underwent delayed mapping at the same location, and mean overlap between the first 30 seconds and >10 minute interval was 73%±11.8 and 71.9%±13.6 for consecutive 30-second segments. Stability was confirmed using R50 (Bland-Altman mean difference: 0.87°; limits of agreement: −34.0 to 36.0;
r
=0.005;
P
=0.95). A greater variance in R50 was observed between different locations within a patient than the variance within the same locations (intraclass correlation=0.765;
P
<0.0001) and similarly for both complex fractionated atrial electrogram and bipolar voltage (
P
<0.0001). A larger area containing complex fractionated atrial electrogram (80–120 ms) showed weak positive correlation with increasing R50 (
r
=0.36,
P
<0.001) suggesting a relationship between activation pattern and electrogram characteristics.

Conclusions:
There appears to be preferential activation patterns during persistent AF indicating spatiotemporal stability. This has important implication to our mechanistic understanding of persistent AF.