bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colloidal catchment response to snowmelt and precipitation events differs in a forested headwater catchment
Authors: Burger Dymphie J. , Vogel Johnny , Kooijman Annemieke M. , Bol Roland , de Rijke Eva , Schoorl Jorien , Lücke Andreas , Gottselig Nina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClimate change affects the occurrence of high‐discharge (HD) events and associated nutrient exports in catchment stream water. Information on colloidal events‐based losses of important nutrients, such as organic C(Corg), N, P, and S, remain relatively scarce. We hypothesized that contributions of colloidal exported N, S, and P due to differing hydrological mechanisms vary between HD events in late winter and spring. We examined one combined snowmelt and rainfall event (March 2018) with one rainfall event (May 2018) for temporal Corg, N, P, and S dynamics. The catchment exports of colloids and their subset nanoparticles were analyzed by asymmetric‐flow field flow fractionation (P) and a filtration cascade (N and S). The Corg source in both events was assessed by δ13C composition of the stream water in relation to that of the soil. In winter, <6% of stream water P was transported by colloids (>0.1 μm), but this was 29–64% in spring and was associated with Corg, Fe, and Al. Colloidal N and particulate S (>1 μm) were higher during both events, but the majority of losses were dissolved (<0.1 μm). The δ13C values of dissolved organic matter (13CDOM) showed that in winter, most Corg was exported from the hydrologically connected hillslopes by water flowing through mineral horizons, due to snowmelt. During and after the rainfall events, export from organic horizons dominated the nutrient losses as particulates, including colloids. These events highlight the need for a better quantification of often underreported particulate, colloid, and nanoparticle contributions to weather‐driven nutrient losses from catchments.
Analysis of community‐level factors contributing to cholera infection and water testing access in the Northern Corridor of Haiti
Authors: Ogisma Lonege , Li Tonghui , Xiao Han , O'Donnell Frances , Molnar Joseph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVibrio cholera, the bacteria that cause cholera, is endemic in Haiti with a presence in both cities and remote areas. Improved access to drinking water testing and treatment in remote areas may reduce the impact of the disease. This case study uses correlation and regression analysis to identify the main factors that hinder access to water testing and that lead to high cholera infection rates among communities in the Northern Corridor of Haiti. Poor road conditions, mountainous terrain, and limited transportation options lead to high travel times up to 5.7 min/km between remote communities and drinking water testing facilities. The presence of springs in a community has a significant positive correlation with cholera infection rates in the Northern Corridor. However, socioeconomic factors had no significant correlation with cholera infection rate. The results of this study will be used to plan the implementation of a new drinking water testing laboratory near the city of Cap‐Haitian and other programs for vulnerable remote areas.Practitioner points

Topography and road conditions may be more important than distance in determining the accessibility of water testing facilities for rural communities.
A lack of access to private vehicles is a substantial challenge for many rural communities in accessing water testing.
The presence of springs in a community had a significant positive correlation with cholera infection rate.
Modular invariant dynamics and fermion mass hierarchies around τ = i
Authors: Feruglio Ferruccio , Gherardi Valerio , Romanino Andrea , Titov Arsenii 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe discuss fermion mass hierarchies within modular invariant flavour models. We analyse the neighbourhood of the self-dual pointτ=i, where modular invariant theories possess a residualZ4invariance. In this region the breaking ofZ4can be fully described by the spurionϵ≈τ − i, that flips its sign underZ4. Degeneracies or vanishing eigenvalues of fermion mass matrices, forced by theZ4symmetry atτ=i, are removed by slightly deviating from the self-dual point. Relevant mass ratios are controlled by powers of|ϵ|. We present examples where this mechanism is a key ingredient to successfully implement an hierarchical spectrum in the lepton sector, even in the presence of a non-minimal Kähler potential.
A simulated annealing-based algorithm for selecting balanced samples
Authors: Benedetti Roberto , Dickson Maria Michela , Espa Giuseppe , Pantalone Francesco , Piersimoni Federica 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBalanced sampling is a random method for sample selection, the use of which is preferable when auxiliary information is available for all units of a population. However, implementing balanced sampling can be a challenging task, and this is due in part to the computational efforts required and the necessity to respect balancing constraints and inclusion probabilities. In the present paper, a new algorithm for selecting balanced samples is proposed. This method is inspired by simulated annealing algorithms, as a balanced sample selection can be interpreted as an optimization problem. A set of simulation experiments and an example using real data shows the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed algorithm.
The non-invasive assessment of myocardial work by pressure-strain analysis: clinical applications
Authors: Abawi Dawud , Rinaldi Tommaso , Faragli Alessandro , Pieske Burkert , Morris Daniel A. , Kelle Sebastian , Tschöpe Carsten , Zito Concetta , Alogna Alessio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPressure–volume (PV) analysis is the most comprehensive way to describe cardiac function, giving insights into cardiac mechanics and energetics. However, PV analysis still remains a highly invasive and time-consuming method, preventing it from integration into clinical practice. Most of the echocardiographic parameters currently used in the clinical routine to characterize left ventricular (LV) systolic function, such as LV ejection fraction and LV global longitudinal strain, do not take the pressure developed within the LV into account and therefore fall too short in describing LV function as a hydraulic pump. Recently, LV pressure-strain analysis has been introduced as a new technique to assess myocardial work in a non-invasive fashion. This new method showed new insights in comparison to invasive measurements and was validated in different cardiac pathologies, e.g., for the detection of coronary artery disease, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)-response prediction, and different forms of heart failure. Non-invasively assessed myocardial work may play a major role in guiding therapies and estimating prognosis. However, its incremental prognostic validity in comparison to common echocardiographic parameters remains unclear. This review aims to provide an overview of pressure-strain analysis, including its current application in the clinical arena, as well as potential fields of exploitation.
Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Hydrodistension – A New Surgical Way in Transgender Surgery
Authors: Panic A. , Rahmani N. , Kaspar C. , Radtke J.P. , Darr C. , Henkel A. , Hadaschik B. , Tschirdewahn S. , Hess J. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundCreating the neovaginal canal in transwomen is one of the most delicate steps of Genital Gender Affirming Surgery (GGAS). Injury to the rectum is a rare but serious complication that can lead to further surgery and even creation of a colostomy.AimImplementation of a novel hydrospacing technique (HST) based on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided hydrodistension.MethodsBetween June 2018 and June 2020 54 transwomen received GGAS with HST. Immediately before GGAS transperineal hydrodistension was performed using a TSK-Supra-Needle (20 Gauge, 120 mm length), that was placed under direct TRUS-guided visual control between Denonvilliers’ fascia and the anterior rectal wall. 40 – 60 ml normal saline were administered perineally to separate Denonvilliers’ fascia from the anterior rectal wall to create a dissection of at least 20 mm. For better intraoperative visualization the hydrodissected space was also dyed using 2ml of methylenblue while retracting the needle. A retrospectively analysed, clinically and demographically comparable series of 84 transwomen who underwent GGAS between June 2016 and June 2018 served as control group. All 138 surgeries were performed by the same experienced surgeon.OutcomesThe effect of the novel hydrospacing technique on neovaginal dimensions and operating time.RESULTSPatients in both groups did not differ in baseline patient characteristics such as age and body mass index (HST 35 vs 38 years in control group, P = .44 and body mass index 26 vs 25 kg/m2, P = .73). Vaginal depth and width were significantly larger in the HST subgroup as compared to controls (14.4 cm vs 13.5 cm, P = .01 and 4.2 cm vs 3.8 cm, P &lt; .001). No statistically significant difference occurred in intraoperative rectal injury (n = 0 in HST group, n = 2 in control group, P = .26). Median total OR-time was comparable for GGAS including HST before vaginoplasty to standard technique (211 minutes for HST vs 218 minutes; P = 0.19).Clinical implicationsThe proposed additional surgical step during GGAS is minimally invasive and safe, simplifies GGAS and potentially helps to avoid complications such as rectal injury.Strength & LimitationsSingle-surgeon series, limited follow-up time and no prospective randomization.CONCLUSIONHST is a safe and feasible procedure, which facilitates a safe preparation of the neovaginal canal during male to female GGAS.
A non-specialist depression care pathway for adolescents living with HIV and transitioning into adult care in Peru: a nested, proof of concept pilot study
Authors: Galea Jerome T. , Contreras Carmen , Wong Milagros , Ramos Karen , Vargas Valentina , Sánchez Hugo , Errea Renato A. , Lecca Leonid , Franke Molly F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Adolescents living with HIV (ALWH) are disproportionally impacted by depression, experiencing worse HIV outcomes. Integrated depression and HIV care may support antiretroviral adherence. This study pilot tested for proof of concept a basic depression care pathway for ALWH to inform depression care integration with HIV services in Peru.

Methods
ALWH were screened for depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Participants with PHQ-9 scores of ⩾10 or suicidal ideation (SI) were eligible for Psychological First Aid (PFA) delivered by non-mental health specialists. Participants with PHQ-9 re-assessments of ⩾20 or SI were referred to specialized services.

Results
Twenty-eight (11 female, 17 male) ALWH aged 15–21 years participated; n = 20 (71%) identified as heterosexual. Most (18/28) acquired HIV at birth. Baseline PHQ-9 scores were 0–4, n = 3 (11%); 5–9, n = 9 (32%); 10–14, n = 10 (36%); 15–19, n = 4 (14%); and 20–27, n = 2 (7%). Eleven participants (40%) reported SI. Among participants with PHQ-9 > 4, 92% (23/25) were not severe. Of the 21 (75%) of participants eligible for PFA, n = 9 (32%) accepted at least one session, of which n = 3 (33%) were linked to specialized care.

Conclusions
A simple care pathway operationalizing depression screening and non-specialist delivered emotional support is a first step toward integrated depression and HIV care for ALWH.
Staff stress and burnout in a community adult mental health service
Authors: Broderick Norella , Vaughan Roisin , McNicholas Fiona , Feeney Larkin 
Published: May 2021

Objectives:Burnout has been associated with medical errors and low levels should be considered an indicator of service quality. This study examined the level of personal, work and client-related burnout in medical, other clinical and non-clinical staff in an adult community mental health service.Methods:An anonymous study-specific questionnaire was designed and circulated to all staff with an explanatory document. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used as a validated measure of burnout, with high levels reflecting high rates of stress and burnout. Further questions were added from Maslach Burnout Inventory and effort–reward imbalance index. Information on demographics, job satisfaction, turnover intention, feeling valued and effort/reward balance was gathered and analysed.Results:The overall response rate was 47.4% (63/133), of whom 43 were clinical staff. Overall levels of burnout were low and similar across staff type, with only 30.1% showing moderate levels of burnout, and none in the ‘high-burnout’ category. All staff displayed positive disposition towards patients, with lower client burnout, as compared to personal and work-related burnout. All medical staff felt valued in their work, with lower rates in the other groups (48.7% of non-medical clinicians and 58.3% of non-clinical staff).Conclusions:Relatively low levels of overall burnout were reported among clinical and non-clinical staff working in our adult mental health service. These rates are similar to the levels identified in a national study of burnout in Irish hospital doctors but lower than the levels found among consultants in Irish child and adolescent mental health services.
Godde re et de dicto: Kierkegaard, faith and religious diversity
Authors: Moser Paul K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn hisConcluding Unscientific Postscript,Kierkegaard, writing as Johannes Climacus, famously distinguishes two kinds of religiousness, kind A and kind B. He claims that, even though kind A is basic to kind B, including as represented in Christian religious commitment, kind A both has God ‘in its ground’ and ‘can be present in paganism’ that is atheist or agnostic. This apparent conflict calls for a resolution, if kind A is to be coherent. This article offers a new resolution with a familiar distinction between Godde reand Godde dicto,even though interpreters have overlooked the importance of this distinction for understanding Kierkegaard. In addition, the article contends that this distinction is supportable from Kierkegaard's own writings, even though he himself did not draw it explicitly. The article also explains the importance of the distinction for understanding Kierkegaard on religious diversity in intellectual content. It proposes that it enables Kierkegaard to offer a compelling position on such diversity, given his understanding of God's perfectly good character and activity.
Thomas Torrance, Mark 16:19–20 and the ascended Christ's prophetic role
Authors: O'Collins Gerald 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article argues that, unlike some exegetes (e.g. Francis Moloney), Thomas Torrance correctly interpreted Mark 16:19–20 in support of a theology of the ascended Christ's continuing prophetic activity. In the ministry of the Word, Christ remains present and at work witnessing to himself. This prophetic office, associated with and not to be separated from his kingly and priestly functions, is not to be played down. He is the primary agent forever actively involved in Christian proclamation.
Dietary and nutrient intake among participants of a Brazilian health promotion programme: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Silva Angélica R , Lopes Mariana S , Campos Suellen F , dos Santos Luana C , Freitas Patrícia P , Lopes Aline CS 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:Developing health promotion activities, aimed at healthy food intake, is essential for improving quality of life and reducing the prevalence of chronic diseases. Thus, the objective of this study is to describe both dietary and nutrient intake, according to length of participation in a health promotion service (Programa Academia da Saúde – PAS).Design:A cross-sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of PAS units in vulnerable areas of the city. Dietary and nutrient intake were assessed, using the average of two 24-h recalls. Food was categorised according to the NOVA (a systematic grouping of all foods according to the nature, extent and purpose of the industrial processes they undergo) classification. The length of participation in PAS is presented in months and is then examined in tertiles for analysis.Setting:Belo Horizonte – Brazil.Participants:3372 adults (≥20 years).Results:Users in the third tertile of PAS (24·4–61·6 months) experienced less energy intake, lipids and ultra-processed foods, and more culinary preparations, compared to others. Users in the second (10·1–24·3 months) and third tertiles of PAS had higher carbohydrate intake, Ca and vitamin C v those in the first tertile (0–10 months).Conclusions:Results suggest that greater participation in PAS can improve dietary and nutrient intake, showing its potential to promote healthy lifestyles, prevent chronic diseases and offer longitudinal health care.
Complex structures synthesized in shock processing of nucleobases – implications to the origins of life
Authors: Surendra V. S. , Jayaram V. , Muruganantham M. , Vijay T. , Vijayan S. , Samarth P. , Hill H. , Bhardwaj Anil , Mason N. J. , Sivaraman B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nucleobases are nitrogenous bases composed of monomers that are a major constituent of RNA and DNA, which are an essential part of any cellular life on the Earth. The search for nucleobases in the interstellar medium remains a major challenge, however, the recent detection of nucleobases in meteorite samples and laboratory synthesis in simulated analogue experiments have confirmed their abiotic origin and a possible route for their delivery to the Earth. Nevertheless, cellular life is based on the interacting network of complex structures, and there is substantial lack of information on the possible routes by which such ordered structures may be formed in the prebiotic environment. In the current study, we present the evidence for the synthesis of complex structures due to shock processing of nucleobases. The nucleobases were subjected to the reflected shock temperature of 3500–7000 K (estimated) and pressure of about 15–34 bar for over ~2 ms timescale. Under such extreme thermodynamic conditions, the nucleobases sample experiences superheating and subsequent cooling. Electron microscopic studies of shock processed residue show that nucleobases result in spontaneous formation of complex structures when subjected to extreme conditions of shock. These results suggest that impact shock processes might have contributed to the self-assembly of biologically relevant structures and the origin of life.
Sahelian Heat Wave Characterization From Observational Data Sets
Authors: Bouniol D. , Guichard F. , Barbier J. , Couvreux F. , Roehrig R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper makes use of spaceborne observational data sets in order to characterize radiative processes involved in spring time heat waves in the Sahel. Spring corresponds to the hottest period of the year, with a high aerosol load, a gradual moistening, and the presence of clouds contributing to greenhouse effect. Heat waves are defined as synoptic events that have a large spatial extent and a duration longer than 3 days. Two types of heat waves are studied: daytime heat waves, detected with the daily maximum temperature and nighttime heat waves, detected with the daily minimum temperature. Daytime heat waves correspond to situations where cloud optical thickness is lower than the climatology and a large number of these situations are also associated with a lower aerosol load and a drier atmosphere. Nighttime heat waves correspond to a moister atmosphere compared to the climatology. In a large fraction of them, an increase in aerosol loading is also observed. This study, only based on observational data sets, highlights the subtle but different radiative balance at play in both types of events.
Differentially private density estimation with skew-normal mixtures model
Authors: Wu Weisan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe protection of private data is a hot research issue in the era of big data. Differential privacy is a strong privacy guarantees in data analysis. In this paper, we propose DP-MSNM, a parametric density estimation algorithm using multivariate skew-normal mixtures (MSNM) model to differential privacy. MSNM can solve the asymmetric problem of data sets, and it is could approximate any distribution through expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm. In this model, we add two extra steps on the estimated parameters in the M step of each iteration. The first step is adding calibrated noise to the estimated parameters based on Laplacian mechanism. The second step is post-processes those noisy parameters to ensure their intrinsic characteristics based on the theory of vector normalize and positive semi definition matrix. Extensive experiments using both real data sets evaluate the performance of DP-MSNM, and demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms DPGMM.
Preclinical and clinical characterization of the RORγt inhibitor JNJ-61803534
Authors: Xue Xiaohua , De Leon-Tabaldo Aimee , Luna-Roman Rosa , Castro Glenda , Albers Michael , Schoetens Freddy , DePrimo Samuel , Devineni Damayanthi , Wilde Thomas , Goldberg Steve , Kinzel Olaf , Hoffmann Thomas , Fourie Anne M. , Thurmond Robin L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe nuclear receptor retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) plays a critical role in driving Th17 cell differentiation and expansion, as well as IL-17 production in innate and adaptive immune cells. The IL-23/IL-17 axis is implicated in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and biologics targeting IL-23 and IL-17 have shown significant clinical efficacy in treating psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. JNJ-61803534 is a potent RORγt inverse agonist, selectively inhibiting RORγt-driven transcription versus closely-related family members, RORα and RORβ. JNJ-61803534 inhibited IL-17A production in human CD4+ T cells under Th17 differentiation conditions, but did not inhibit IFNγ production under Th1 differentiation conditions, and had no impact on in vitro differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg), nor on the suppressive activity of natural Tregs. In the mouse collagen-induced arthritis model, JNJ-61803534 dose-dependently attenuated inflammation, achieving ~ 90% maximum inhibition of clinical score. JNJ-61803534 significantly inhibited disease score in the imiquimod-induced mouse skin inflammation model, and dose-dependently inhibited the expression of RORγt-regulated genes, including IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22 and IL-23R. Preclinical 1-month toxicity studies in rats and dogs identified doses that were well tolerated supporting progression into first-in-human studies. An oral formulation of JNJ-61803534 was studied in a phase 1 randomized double-blind study in healthy human volunteers to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. The compound was well tolerated in single ascending doses (SAD) up to 200 mg, and exhibited dose-dependent increases in exposure upon oral dosing, with a plasma half-life of 164 to 170 h. In addition, dose-dependent inhibition of ex vivo stimulated IL-17A production in whole blood was observed, demonstrating in vivo target engagement. In conclusion, JNJ-61803534 is a potent and selective RORγt inhibitor that exhibited acceptable preclinical safety and efficacy, as well as an acceptable safety profile in a healthy volunteer SAD study, with clear evidence of a pharmacodynamic effect in humans.