bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic inequality: accessibility and outcomes after renal transplantation in New Zealand
Authors: Belyaev Andrei M. , Henry Luke , Dittmer Ian , MuthuKumaraswamy Carl , Davies Christopher E. , Bergin Colleen J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSocioeconomic deprivation (SED) is a risk factor for worse outcomes after renal transplantation (RTx). This study aimed to evaluate access to RTx in different SED strata of the New Zealand population. We also assessed patient survival, acute cellular allograft rejection (AR) and allograft loss.MethodsThis was an Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplantation and Organ Donation Registries‐based retrospective cohort study. Patients who underwent RTx in New Zealand from 2008 to 2018 were identified. Patients younger than 16 years of age and those who left the country after RTx were excluded. Results: In the higher SED stratum of New Zealanders, the rate of RTx was 53% greater than in the lower SED stratum (odds ratio = 1.53; 95% confidence interval: 1.33–1.76; p < 0.00005).ResultsOne hundred and thirteen (23%) patients from the lower SED group and 51 (14.8%) patients from the higher SED group underwent living unrelated RTx, p = 0.0033. In 233 (67.5%) patients from the higher SED group and 265 (53.9%) patients from the lower SED group, transplanted kidneys were from deceased donors RTx, p = 0.0001. The incidence of allograft loss and patient survival were similar in these groups.ConclusionOur data demonstrated a lower overall survival in the more socioeconomically deprived patients than in the lower SED group however this was not statistically significant after adjustment for covariates. A larger study is required to determine whether SED is associated with reduced survival.
Modulating Eventfulness: How Liaison Policing Strategies Mitigate Potentiality in Indigenous Land Defence Organising
Authors: Sylvestre Paul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLiaison policing strategies are increasingly deployed as Canada’s frontline response to Indigenous‐settler land disputes. A fusion of pre‐emptive interventions, intelligence gathering, and best practices in public order and community policing, contemporary liaison strategies have important implications for Indigenous self‐determination and decolonial struggles. Yet, despite their rapid proliferation, we know little about how liaison strategies are enrolled as a technique of settler colonial governance. I begin addressing this gap through a four‐year case study tracking how a multi‐agency liaison policing assemblage undermined an urban Indigenous land reclamation in the city of Ottawa, Canada’s national capital. I show how liaison strategies worked by constraining the terrain of manoeuvre for radical organising while simultaneously facilitating Indigenous engagement in state‐sanctioned processes of recognition and accommodation. Arguing that the literature on public order policing inadequately theorises the relationship between liaison policing and settler colonial power, I propose “modulating eventfulness” as a more apposite conceptual grammar.
Chronodisruption by chronic jetlag impacts metabolic and gastrointestinal homeostasis in male mice
Authors: Desmet Louis , Thijs Theo , Segers Anneleen , Verbeke Kristin , Depoortere Inge 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimChronodisruption desynchronizes peripheral clocks and leads to metabolic diseases. Feeding cues are important synchronizers of peripheral clocks and influence rhythmic oscillations in intestinal microbiota and their metabolites. We investigated whether chronic jetlag, mimicking frequent time zone travelling, affected the diurnal fluctuations in faecal short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, that feed back to the gut clock to regulate rhythmicity in gut function.MethodsRhythms in faecal SCFAs levels and in the expression of clock genes and epithelial markers were measured in the colonic mucosa of control and jetlagged mice. The entraining effect of SCFAs on the rhythm in clock gene mRNA expression was studied in primary colonic crypts. The role of the circadian clock in epithelial marker expression was studied in Arntl−/− mice.ResultsChronic jetlag increased body weight gain and abolished the day/night food intake pattern which resulted in a phase‐delay in the rhythm of faecal SCFAs that paralleled the shift in the expression of mucosal clock genes. This effect was mimicked by stimulation of primary colonic crypts from control mice with SCFAs. Jetlag abolished the rhythm in Tnfα, proglucagon and ghrelin expression but not in the expression of tight junction markers. Only a dampening in plasma glucagon‐like peptide‐1 but not in ghrelin levels was observed. Rhythms in ghrelin but not proglucagon mRNA expression were abolished in Arntl−/− mice.ConclusionThe altered food intake pattern during chronodisruption corresponds with the changes in rhythmicity of SCFA levels that entrain clock genes to affect rhythms in mRNA expression of gut epithelial markers.
Effects of the group‐regulation promotion approach on students’ individual and collaborative learning performance, perceptions of regulation and regulation behaviours in project‐based tasks
Authors: Lai Chiu‐Lin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGroup regulation has been recognised as an important factor affecting students' performances in project‐based learning. However, students often experience unsuccessful project outcomes due to several factors, such as unfocused negotiation and lack of project monitoring. In this study, a group regulation promotion approach was developed. The proposed approach consisted of a group‐regulated learning module that allows students to set learning goals, divide work and adjust their learning progress. There is also a platform for students to share their learning goals, observe others’ work and discuss with their peers. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a 6‐month experiment was conducted in a higher education context. A total of 50 undergraduate students aged 19–20 years old participated in this research. One class assigned as the experimental group learned with the proposed approach, whereas the other class assigned as the control group learned with the collaborative project‐based learning approach. The results revealed that the proposed approach benefited the students’ group learning performance, individual learning performance and their perception of group regulation. In addition, students who learned through the promotion mechanism showed more active learning behaviours. In sum, the integration of the group regulation promotion approach can be an effective means of enhancing students’ learning performance.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Collaborative project‐based learning has been regarded as a comprehensive approach for teaching and learning.
Technologies benefit students by facilitating online and offline collaborative project‐based learning.
Group regulation has been recognized as an important and challenging factor affecting students' performances in project‐based learning.
What this paper adds

A group regulation promotion approach was developed to encourage students to engage in continuous group regulation with their peers.
A group‐regulated learning module was provided to help students set learning goals, divide work, and adjust their learning progress.
A sharing platform was developed to assist student in sharing their learning goals, observing others' work, and discussing with their peers.
The proposed approach promoted the students’ group learning performance, their individual learning performance, and active regulated learning behaviors.
Implications for practice and/or policy

The group regulation promotion approach is a potential strategy for implementing collaborative learning activities, especially for improving students’ active regulated learning behaviors.
It is worth deeply investigating students’ regulated learning behaviors in collaborative learning activities.
Long‐term clinical outcomes after 12‐fractionated carbon‐ion radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Sato Hiraku , Kasuya Goro , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Nomoto Akihiro , Ono Takashi , Nakajima Mio , Isozaki Yuka , Yamamoto Naoyoshi , Iwai Yuma , Nemoto Kenji , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Tsuji Hiroshi ,   the Working Group for Genitourinary Tumors
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere are no clinical reports of long‐term follow‐up after carbon‐ion radiotherapy (CIRT) using a dose of 51.6 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]) in 12 fractions for localized prostate cancer, or of a comparison of clinical outcomes between passive and scanning beam irradiation. A total of 256 patients with localized prostate cancer who received CIRT at a dose of 51.6 Gy (RBE) in 12 fractions using two different beam delivery techniques (passive [n = 45] and scanning [n = 211]), and who were followed for more than 1 year, were analyzed. The biochemical relapse‐free (bRF) rate was defined by the Phoenix definition, and the actuarial toxicity rates were evaluated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Of the 256 patients, 41 (16.0%), 111 (43.4%), and 104 (40.6%) were classified as low, intermediate, and high risk, respectively, after a median follow‐up of 7.0 (range 1.1‐10.4) years. Androgen deprivation therapy was performed in 212 patients (82.8%). The 5‐year bRF rates of the low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk patients were 95.1%, 90.9%, and 91.1%, respectively. The 5‐year rates of grade 2 late gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities in all patients were 0.4% and 6.3%, respectively. No grade ≥3 toxicities were observed. There were no significant differences in the rates of bRF or grade 2 toxicities in patients who received passive irradiation versus scanning irradiation. Our long‐term follow‐up results showed that a CIRT regimen of 51.6 Gy (RBE) in 12 fractions for localized prostate cancer yielded a good therapeutic outcome and low toxicity rates irrespective of the beam delivery technique.
Alveolar ridge regeneration in two‐wall‐damaged extraction sockets of an in vivo experimental model
Authors: Tien Hsu Kuo , Lee Won‐Ho , Kim Chang‐Sung , Choi Seong‐Ho , Gruber Reinhard , Lee Jung‐Seok 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo determine the healing outcome following grafting with deproteinized porcine bone mineral (DPBM) with or without collagen membrane coverage in two‐wall (both buccal and lingual)‐damaged extraction sockets.Materials and methodsDistal roots of three mandibular premolars in six beagle dogs were extracted, and the whole buccal and lingual bony walls were surgically removed. Three treatment protocols were then applied according to the following group allocation: no graft (None), grafting DPBM (BG), and grafting DPBM with coverage by a collagen membrane (BG + M). Two observational periods (2 and 8 weeks) were used with the split‐mouth design, and quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed by microcomputed tomography and histology.ResultsThe dimensions of the alveolar ridge at both grafted sites (BG and BG + M) remained similar to those of the pristine ridge in the histologic and radiographic analyses, whereas the ungrafted sites (None) collapsed both vertically and horizontally. Both grafting protocols produced substantial bony regeneration, but the addition of a covering membrane enhanced the proportion of mineralized tissue within the augmented area, and the BG + M group also showed a significantly larger area of regenerated ridge than the None group (p < .05).ConclusionsBone grafting with collagen membrane can maintain the alveolar ridge dimensions with substantial bone regeneration in a two‐wall‐damaged extraction socket.
What controls fish functional diversity patterns in Colombian Andean streams?
Authors: Poveda‐Cuellar Jose Luis , López Delgado Edwin Orlando , Zúñiga‐Upegui Pamela Tatiana , Villa Navarro Francisco Antonio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms that structure communities have been a major challenge in ecological theory. Functional trait‐based approaches are increasingly used for studying the processes underlying community assembly. However, species‐poor systems of Andean streams these processes are largely unknown. Tropical Andean streams are highly variable in space‐time and characterised by the harsh or stable environment, resulting in a high taxonomic and ecological diversity. In this study, we tested the influence of environmental variables on the fish functional structure. We proposed that in ecosystems with harsh environments, environmental filtering will structure fish assemblages, and in ecosystems with a more stable environment, limiting similarity will prevail, increasing functional diversity. We analysed fish assemblages using functional diversity indices, fourth‐corner RLQ analyses and multiple regression models. Environmental variables such as altitude, stream width, sub‐Andean vegetation and pH influenced functional diversity. For instance, high values of functional redundancy were registered at high elevation streams, reflecting fish assemblages composed of highly dominant species with similar functional traits such as species of the genus Astroblepus. However, we found differences between Astroblepus species in the number and distance of gill rakers which might indicate resource partitioning and coexistence. On the other hand, our results show both stochastic dynamics and environmental filtering are structuring fish assemblages in low and high elevation Andean streams respectively.
The current and future aspects of glioblastoma: Immunotherapy a new hope?
Authors: Patel Vimal , Shah Jigar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most perilous and highly malignant in all the types of brain tumor. Regardless of the treatment, the diagnosis of the patients in GBM is very poor. The average survival rate is only 21 months after multimodal combinational therapies, which include chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Due to the intrusive and infiltrative nature of GBM, it requires elective therapy for specific targeting of tumor cells. Tumor vaccine in a form of immunotherapy has potential to address this need. Nanomedicine‐based immunotherapies have clutch the trigger of systemic and specific immune response against tumor cells, which might be the approach to eliminating the unrelieved cancer. In this mechanism, combination of immunomodulators with specific target and appropriate strategic vaccines can stifle tumor anti‐immune defense system and/or increase the capabilities of the body to move up immunity against the tumor. Here, we explore the different types of immunotherapies and vaccines for brain tumor treatment and their clinical trials, which bring the feasibility of the future of personalized vaccine of nanomedicine‐based immunotherapies for the brain tumor. We believe that immunotherapy could result in a significantly more stable reaction in GBM patients.
Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is associated with reduced risk of multiple sclerosis—a presymptomatic case–control study
Authors: Grut Viktor , Biström Martin , Salzer Jonatan , Stridh Pernilla , Jons Daniel , Gustafsson Rasmus , Fogdell‐Hahn Anna , Huang Jesse , Brenner Nicole , Butt Julia , Bender Noemi , Lindam Anna , Alonso‐Magdalena Lucia , Gunnarsson Martin , Vrethem Magnus , Bergström Tomas , Andersen Oluf , Kockum Ingrid , Waterboer Tim , Olsson Tomas , Sundström Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus 6A (HHV‐6A) are associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Conversely, infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been suggested to reduce the risk of MS but supporting data from presymptomatic studies are lacking. Here, it was sought to increase the understanding of CMV in MS aetiology.MethodsA nested case–control study was performed with presymptomatically collected blood samples identified through crosslinkage of MS registries and Swedish biobanks. Serological antibody response against CMV, EBV and HHV‐6A was determined using a bead‐based multiplex assay. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for CMV seropositivity as a risk factor for MS was calculated by conditional logistic regression and adjusted for EBV and HHV‐6A seropositivity. Potential interactions on the additive scale were analysed by calculating the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP).ResultsSerum samples from 670 pairs of matched cases and controls were included. CMV seropositivity was associated with a reduced risk for MS (OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.56–0.88, p = 0.003). Statistical interactions on the additive scale were observed between seronegativity for CMV and seropositivity against HHV‐6A (AP 0.34, 95% CI 0.06–0.61) and EBV antigen EBNA‐1 (amino acid 385–420) at age 20–39 years (AP 0.37, 95% CI 0.09–0.65).ConclusionsCytomegalovirus seropositivity is associated with a decreased risk for MS. The protective role for CMV infection in MS aetiology is further supported by the interactions between CMV seronegativity and EBV and HHV‐6A seropositivity.
Finite element analysis of rotary nickel‐titanium endodontic instruments: A critical review of the methodology
Authors: Chien Philip Y‐H , Walsh Laurence J , Peters Ove A 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFinite element analysis has been a valuable research tool for rotary nickel‐titanium endodontic files over the last two decades. This review aims to summarise and critique the methodology as used in currently available endodontic literature for finite element analysis of rotary nickel‐titanium instruments. An electronic literature research in PubMed and Scopus databases was performed using the appropriate search terms, and the titles and abstracts were screened for relevance. The review revealed an inconsistent approach to the finite element method, particularly with regards to the boundary conditions in which the instruments are tested. Moreover, there is a lack of experimental data to validate in silico findings. A standardised protocol to finite element analysis of rotary endodontic instruments could be considered for future studies.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor at the forefront of host‐microbe interactions in the skin: A perspective on current knowledge gaps and directions for future research and therapeutic applications
Authors: van den Bogaard Ellen H. , Esser Charlotte , Perdew Gary H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe skin is home to a community of skin microbiota including bacteria, viruses and fungi, which are widely accepted to be of importance for skin homeostasis but also associated with skin diseases. Detailed knowledge on the skin microbiota composition and its changes in a number of skin diseases is available. Yet, specific interactions between microbes and the host skin cells or how they communicate with each other are less well understood. To identify, understand and eventually therapeutically exploit causal relationships of microbial dysbiosis with disease, studies are required that address the receptors and mediators involved in host‐microbe interactions. In this perspective article, we provide an outlook on one of such receptors, namely the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The AHR is well known for being a ligand‐activated transcription factor regulating the proliferation, differentiation and function of many cell types present in the skin. Its targeting by anti‐inflammatory therapeutics such as coal tar and Tapinarof is effective in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. AHR signalling is activated upon binding of wide variety of small chemicals or ligands, including microbiota‐derived metabolites. New evidence has emerged pointing towards a key role for epidermal AHR signalling through skin microbiota‐derived metabolites. In response, AHR‐driven expression of antimicrobial peptides and stratum corneum formation may alter the skin microbiota composition. This a self‐perpetuating feedback loop calls for novel therapeutic intervention strategies for which we herein discuss the requirements in future mechanistic studies.
Improving the depth of data quality or increasing confusion? Reflections on a data analysis involving members of a self‐help group for relatives of people living with dementia
Authors: Kowe Antonia , Köhler Stefanie , Teipel Stefan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPublic involvement in research to improve data quality and to empower different stakeholders is good scientific practice, but rarely implemented across all research phases.ObjectiveThis article reports on an attempt to involve members of a self‐help group for relatives of people living with dementia as co‐researchers in the data analysis in a short‐term format.MethodsOne researcher identified statements about assistive technologies from 17 interviews with people living with dementia and informal caregivers. Two researchers and six co‐researchers independently assigned pre‐defined values to these statements. Subsequently, we compared the values of the researchers and co‐researchers.ResultsThe members of the self‐help group identified four original values not considered by the researchers: consent, inclusion, participation and respect.DiscussionThe involvement of co‐researchers led to an improvement in the depth of data quality through the joint identification of values concerning assistive technology. Language barriers between researchers, co‐researchers and interview participants impeded the data analysis.ConclusionThe challenges and benefits of a participatory data analysis shown here can provide a basis for recommendations for target group‐specific research involvement. Our recommendations relate to the recruitment of co‐researchers, requirements for conducting a participatory data analysis and the participation degree of people involved.Patient or Public ContributionThe group of co‐researchers participating in the data analysis consisted of relatives of people living with dementia.
Anti‐aging effect of an oral disintegrating collagen film: a prospective, single‐arm study
Authors: Lee Young In , Lee Sang Gyu , Kim Eunbin , Jung Inhee , Suk Jangmi , Kim Jihee , Lee Ju Hee 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs the average life expectancy increases, skin aging and wrinkles due to photoaging have gained attention. Collagen is closely involved in the process of skin aging. Among the potential methods of drug delivery to the skin, oral disintegrating films show promise for their ability to bypass the loss of active components that is typical of drug absorption via oral administration. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of an oral disintegrating collagen film on skin aging.MethodsWe performed a prospective, single‐arm study in a cohort of 22 women to assess the anti‐aging effect of a novel oral disintegrating film containing collagen applied daily over a 12‐week period. We measured the clinical indicators of skin integrity and performed immunofluorescence and high‐performance liquid chromatography analyses of an ex vivo oral mucosa model to compare the absorption rates of collagen films and conventional oral tablets via the mucosa.ResultsWe found that the oral disintegrating collagen film reduced skin wrinkle depth and number and significantly increased skin elasticity and density.ConclusionsThe novel mode of delivery of collagen via oral disintegrating films has a clinically potential anti‐aging efficacy and is safe and convenient for daily use.
The determinants of Asian banking crises—Application of the panel threshold logit model
Authors: Shen Chung‐Hua , Hsu Hsing‐Hua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConsidering binary dependent variable, this study extends the panel threshold model into “panel threshold logit model (PTLM).” Our PTLM is applied on investigating the effect of early warning indicators on banking crises in 10 Asian economies. The ratio of short‐term debt to foreign reserves serves as the threshold variable. Results confirm the existence of the threshold effect in the determinants of banking crises, and most of the early warning indicators perform differently in the two debt regimes. Our empirical results suggest that important information may be missed in analyzing crises when conventional logit model is used.