bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Multimodal EEG&nbsp;and Clinical Correlations Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Lin Nan , Gao Jing , Mao Chenhui , Sun Heyang , Lu Qiang , Cui Liying 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the two main types of dementia. We aim to investigate the difference between AD and FTD by use of multimodal EEG analyses. Additionally, the difference in correlations between EEG and clinical data was also investigated.Methods. Thirty-one patients diagnosed with AD and 15 patients with FTD were recruited (2008.1-2020.2), along with 24 healthy controls. Clinical data were reviewed. EEG microstate analysis, spectral analyses, and connectivity analysis were performed. Results. Microstate duration was increased in AD for microstate B and increased in FTD for microstate A compared to controls. Correspondingly, microstate C occurrence was decreased in both dementia groups, compared to control group. After divided into early onset and late onset AD, increased mean duration and reduced mean occurrence were observed in early onset AD, compared to late onset AD, with no significant difference in visual EEG score. CSF Aβ42 was correlated to microstate B coverage in AD (r = -0.833, P = 0.010), and microstate D occurrence in FTD (r = 0.786, P = 0.021). ADL and MMSE were also related to visual EEG score and microstate, but for different variables in the two dementia groups. Spectral analysis revealed decreased power in 8-30 Hz and increased power in delta band in both dementia. AD had higher spectral power in the temporal region, compared to FTD. Reduced alpha and beta coherences were demonstrated in AD in bilateral frontal, fronto-temporal, and fronto-occipital connections, and in FTD in the right frontal and fronto-temporal connections. Conclusions. Multimodal EEG analyses show different results between AD and FTD. Reduced coherence is across more brain areas in AD, including intra-anterior and anterior-posterior regions, compared to FTD, which only had frontal-temporal connectivity involved. Spectral analysis revealed a general EEG slowing. Increased microstate duration and decreased occurrence may be attributed to EEG slowing, for different classes in different types of dementia. Microstate may be more sensitive than visual EEG inspection. The correlations with clinical severity and biomarkers indicate that EEG is a potential biomarker for diagnosis and disease assessment.
Exploring the Effectiveness of DDL in an L2 Context through a Non-control-group Asynchronous Experimental Design
Authors: Ozer Mustafa , OZBAY ALI SUKRU 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study aims at a rediscovery of the extent to which a DDL-based intervention could become instrumental in facilitating grammar instruction with a specific focus on EAP and learner autonomy and reducing the number of repeating learners in a preparatory program participated mostly by Turkish-L1 learners studying EAP. It also provides a context-restricted longitudinal depiction of the effectiveness of a DDL-based grammar instruction endorsed by teacher (also referred to as the researcher) mentorship across groups asynchronously, thus re-testing the limits of DDL-oriented corpus pedagogy in contexts where a control group is not available, unlike the traditional control-group study design. To this end, a corpus was compiled out of the existing reading and listening materials in use ad hoc by the name of the Alternative Corpus of Academic Texts (ACAT), and a total of 19 grammar lessons covering topics in the curriculum of the second level of the grammar course taught were developed using the ACAT. Blind pre and post-test procedures were administered with all four experimental groups independent of each other to gradually build up a local understanding of the governing pattern of learner achievement through DDL and corpus-based teacher-prepared materials at the end of each intervention period. The data analysis demonstrated a rise in student achievement across all groups despite the lack of a teacher disseminating knowledge to students in class in the traditional sense, thus showing that a sense of autonomy could be gained through DDL-enhanced teaching. With the design being unorthodox compared to most other DDL studies in the literature, this study shows that the triple powers of DDL, self-discovery, occasional teacher supervision, and corpus-based teaching materials, could help learners of English survive autonomously no matter how hectic the curriculum run at an institution is. All in all, further research is needed to deepen this insight so that this sort of DDL practices could be implemented at the institutional level.
Osteoporosis Delimit the Indication for Additional Fixation in Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Cai Kaiwen , Luo Kefeng , Zhu Jinjin , Zhang Kai , Yu Shengkai , Ye Yi , Jiang Guoqiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Study design: A retrospective cohort study.Objective: To detect the boundary of indications of fixation in OLIF surgery.Methods: Review patients undergoing stand-alone or combined OLIF. Measure the disc height increment (ΔDH), foraminal height (FH), cage subsidence (CS). VAS and the ODI was used to evaluate low back pain and functionality. Multiple linear regression were used to determine the risk factors of CS.Results: A totle of 66 consecutive patients included. The BMD in combined group was significantly lower than that of stand-alone group(p=0.005). The combined group showed better FH maintenance at 6 months (p= 0.049) and last follow-up (p= 0.019). In combined group, tCS was significantly lower at all post-operation point (p≤0.001). BMD was a mild negative correlated factor for CS in combined group (r= -0.602, p= 0.001)and a strongly negative correlated factor in stand-alone group (r= -0.797, p< 0.001). Greater mCS significantly associated with worse VAS (r=0.685, p<0.001) and ODI (r=0.616, p<0.001) in stand-alone group, and this effect was significantly weakened in the combined group as VAS (r=0.427, p=0.033) and ODI (r=0.594, p=0.002). Patients with stand-alone OLIF were at risk of severe CS when BMD <-1.38, while those with combined OLIF had an equal risk when BMD < -4.77.Conclusions: The long-term fusion rates and functionality improvements of OLIF with or without fixation are comparable. Patients with BMD < -1.38 may not suitable for stand-alone procedure due to higher risk of severe CS and worse clinical outcomes. Additional fixation can extends the applicable boundary to a BMD = -4.77.
Medium Term Outcome of Lancaster Cortical Window Technique For Extraction of Femoral Stem in Revision Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Singh Amit , Mukherjee Sunirmal , Patel Kuntal , Herlekar Deepak , Gandavaram Srikant , Charalambous Nicholas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background The extraction of a femoral stem during the revision hip arthroplasty can be a daunting task and can lead to catastrophic complications for the patient. A sound technique employed intraoperatively helps in speedy recovery of the patient and reduces the risk of future surgical interventions. In this study, we present a medium-term outcome of our novel Lancaster Cortical Window technique which can be used for removal of cemented or uncemented femoral stems. Methodology The study was conducted at a specialist centre in the North-West of the UK from January 2014 to May 2019. This is a retrospective case series where patients were treated surgically using Lancaster Cortical Window technique for removal of femoral implant during a revision hip arthroplasty. Patient’s electronic notes and the radiographs were used to evaluate the functional and radiological outcome. Results In this study, 18 patients were managed surgically using Novel Lancaster Window technique. The mean age of the all the patients was 81.5 years and the male to female ratio was 10:8. Fifteen patients underwent revision surgery for aseptic loosening of the femoral and acetabular component. Rest of the three patients had revision surgery for a broken femoral stem, intraoperative femoral canal perforation while implanting a total hip replacement femoral stem and infection. Twelve femurs were replanted with uncemented long femoral stems and six with long cemented stems. The cortical window osteotomy united in all the patients in 4.2 months (mean). The mean follow up of these patients is 20.9 months, and none of them had any implant subsidence or loosening at the time of their last follow up. Conclusion We believe Lancaster cortical window technique can be safely used for removal of cemented stems during revision hip arthroplasty without the need for expensive equipment’s.
Effects of delaying the removal of the intravaginal progesterone device by 24 h in the 5d Co-synch protocol in heifers
Authors: Fernandez-Novo Aitor , Santos-Lopez Sergio , Pesantez-Pacheco Jose Luis , Villalobos Natividad Pérez , Heras-Molina Ana , Gonzalez-Martin Juan Vicente , Astiz Susana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

In beef herds, increasing animal welfare, improving reproductive performance and easing animal management are key goals in farm economics. This study explored whether delaying the removal of the intravaginal progesterone device by 24 h in heifers synchronized with a 5d Co-synch 72 h protocol could improve reproductive efficiency of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). In Experiment 1, we examined whether such a modified protocol would provide an acceptable, total synchronization rate (TSR) in cycling Holstein heifers. Heifers (13.4 ± 0.69 mo.) were randomly assigned to the standard 5d Co-synch 56 h protocol (5dCo56; n = 10), the standard 5d Co-synch 72 h protocol (5dCo72; n = 17), or the modified 5d Co-synch 72 h protocol, in which removal of the progesterone device was delayed by 24 h (6dCo48; n = 19). Heifers were considered synchronized (TSR) if serum progesterone value > 1.0 ng/mL and the corpus luteus (CL) was detectable by ultrasonography on Day 5, if progesterone < 1.0 ng/mL and at least one follicle had a diameter > 8 mm on Day 7.5, and if progesterone > 1.0 ng/mL and CL was detectable on Day 15. In Experiment 2, 309 cycling beef heifers on 18 commercial farms were subjected to the 5d Co-synch 72 h or 6d Co-synch 48 h protocol and conception rate (CR) studied.
Results

In experiment 1, the three protocols in dairy heifers led no differences on TSRs of 80.0% (5dCo56), 88.2% (5dCo72) and 89.5% (6dCo48). In experiment 2, the CR from the beef heifers, observed during two consecutive reproductive seasons did not differ: 59.7% for 5dCo72 and 62.0% for 6dCo48 (P = 0.907). Heifer age, body condition score or stress score did not significantly affect conception rate.
Conclusions

These results suggest that delaying removal of the intravaginal progesterone device by 24 h during the standard 5d Co-synch 72 h protocol provides satisfactory results without reducing reproductive efficiency of heifers.
Exploring the true immunotherapy candidates to acquire the promising immunological response in breast carcinomas
Authors: Li Xiang , Ma Lei , Sun Ye , Li Kai , Ren Hong , Tang Shou-Ching , Sun Xin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint blockade of immune therapy has been applied in multiple systemic malignancies, and have improved the overall survival to a greater extent, whether it will apply to breast cancer remains unknown. Methods: We endeavored to explore the possible factors that may influence the breast carcinoma associated immune therapy outcomes with using several public databases. Results: The possible treating target of TNF superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4), was selected from massive candidates for its abnormal expression profile, survival associated status, immune system reactions predication. For the first time, we revealed the oncogenic features of TNFSF4 in breast carcinoma, and TNFSF4 was further revealed to be closely related to anti-tumor immunity treatment, including multiple immune effector molecules and T-cell signatures, which was independent on endocrine status, and has not ever been referred to. Moreover, the immune treatment of TNFSF4 blockade also indicated the underling effects on stem cells’ expansion, which more strongly and specifically demonstrated the powerful effects of applying the TNFSF4 blockade based immune therapies in breast carcinomas. Conclusions: For the first time, we aim to dig out the embedding stars that may contribute to breast cancer therapies, and provide one potential but crucial potent for treating breast carcinoma indistinguishably, and long-term effective.
Relations of Dietary patterns and sleep disorders in shift workers
Authors: Khorasaniha Reihaneh , Sotoudeh Gity , Milajerdi Alireza , Khajehnasiri Farahnaz 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background & aimsFew studies have been done on the association of dietary intakes with SDs among shift workers, in particular those exposed to air pollution. We aimed to investigate the association of major dietary patterns with risk of SDs in shift workers of a cement factory in Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out on 257 male shift workers in a cement factory in Iran. Usual dietary intake of participants was assessed using a validated self-administrated 147-item dish-based FFQ. To examine sleep disturbances of participants, we used the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).ResultsThree major dietary patterns including Classic Iranian (CI), Modern Iranian (MI), and High Protein Low Fruit and vegetables (HPLF) were identified. The CI pattern was mainly consisted of high-protein animal foods, fruit and vegetables, while, the MI pattern had high amounts of refined grains, solid oils, and caffeine drinks. No significant association was found between adherence to the CI pattern and risk of SDs (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 0.69, 7.81) and also for the MI dietary pattern (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.20, 1.93). However, we found a significant direct association between the HPLF dietary pattern and risk of SDs (OR: 3.92; 95% CI: 1.03, 14.86).ConclusionThis study showed a significant direct association between a dietary pattern high in animal proteins and solid oils and low in fruit and vegetables with risk of sleep disorders among shift workers in the cement factory. However, no such association was found for the two other dietary patterns.
Sigmoid Volvulus in the Developing Countries: The Lack of Resources Might be a Blessing in Disguise
Authors: MEJRI Atef , Arfaoui Khaoula , Saad Sarra , Rchidi Jasser , Omri Ahmed , Mseddi Mohammed Ali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSigmoid volvulus is the most common type of volvulus. Its epidemiological features as well as its management differ between developed and developing countries. Tis work aims to analyze the epidemiological features and to access the surgical management of sigmoid volvulus in Tunisia, which is a developing country from North Africa and where there is a paucity of information regarding sigmoid volvulus.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of 64 patients with sigmoid volvulus treated in the General Surgery department of Jendouba Hospital in Tunisia from January 2005 to December 2019. In the absence of endoscopic management, all patients underwent surgical treatment.Results:64 patients were treated for acute sigmoid volvulus. There were 54 (84.4%) men with a male to female ratio of 5.4/1. The mean age was 62 years. The classic triad of abdominal pain, abdominal distention and constipation was reported in 56 (87.5%) patients. The mean duration of symptoms was 4.2 days. The accurate preoperative diagnosis was made in 58 (90.62%) cases. Forty patients (74%) had viable bowel obstruction and all of them had resection and primary anastomosis. Sixteen patients had gangrenous bowel obstruction of which 6 patients had resection-primary anastomosis and 10 had Hartmann’s procedure. Out of the total five deaths reported, there were only two among patients who had resection-primary anastomosis for gangrenous bowel obstruction. The commonest post-operative complication was surgical site infection in 5 cases (35.71%). The median length of hospital stay following surgery was 8 days (range 5 – 18 days). None of the patients had recurrences of volvulus after median follow up of 11 months.Conclusion Although Tunisia belongs to the volvulus belt, the epidemiologic features of sigmoid volvulus are not similar to those reported in the other African countries and tend rather to be similar to those of developed countries. Our results show that the absence of non-operative treatment can be tolerable and surgical management should be advocated as much as possible.
Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) Laser Altimeter for the Martian Moons Exploration (MMX) Spacecraft
Authors: Senshu Hiroki , Mizuno Takahide , Umetani Kazuhiro , Nakura Toru , Konishi Akihiro , Ogawa Akihiko , Ikeda Hirokazu , Matsumoto Koji , Noda Hirotomo , Ishihara Yoshiaki , Sasaki Sho , Tateno Naoki , Ikuse Yasuyuki , Mayuzumi Katsunori , Kase Teiji , Kashine Hisayoshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An altimeter is a critical instrument in planetary missions, for both safe operations and science activities. We present required specifications and link budget calculations for light detection and ranging (LIDAR) onboard the Martian Moons Exploration (MMX) spacecraft. During the mission phase, this LIDAR will continuously measure the distance between the spacecraft and its target. The time-series distance provides important diagnostic information for safe spacecraft operations and important information for geomorphological studies. Because MMX is a sample return mission, its LIDAR must accommodate physical disturbances on the Martian satellite surface. This resulted in changes to the optical system design.
Low velocity drop weight impact behavior of Al2O3-Ni-ZrO2 and Al2O3-Ni-Cr2O3 nanocomposite systems
Authors: Yıldız Betül Kafkaslıoğlu , Büyük Murat , Tür Yahya Kemal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
1 vol% Ni particulate Al2O3 matrix nanocomposites prepared by the heterogeneous precipitation method with ZrO2 (5 vol%) or Cr2O3 (1 vol%) additives were subjected to the low energy drop weight impact tests to compare the behavior of the compositions under low energy impact and to investigate the damage mechanisms. The pure Al2O3, Al2O3/Ni, Al2O3/ZrO2, and Al2O3/Cr2O3 compositions with the same additive ratios were also produced to make the comparison systematically. Also, the Vickers hardness measurements were carried out and a significant increase in hardness was attained for both Al2O3/Ni + ZrO2 and Al2O3/Ni + Cr2O3. The average hardness value around 24.8 ± 1.0 GPa was measured for Al2O3/Ni + ZrO2 and Al2O3/Ni + Cr2O3 which means ∼ 15% improvement compared to the pure Al2O3. Between all the compositions, the maximum force (Fmax) value was obtained for Al2O3/Ni + ZrO2 for 12 J impact energy level (26617 N) according to the low energy drop weight impact test results. Tensile radial crack network formation, cone formation, fracture and crushing of the cone structure were observed as damage mechanisms for all the compositions. The volume of conical frustum structure was evaluated for each composition and the effect of microstructure on possible ballistic performance was also discussed.
Special Hook Design for Hatch Cover Stocking Gantry Crane, Strength,&nbsp;Numerical Analysis under Static Loading
Authors: ŞENGÜL Ömer , KAM Menderes 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, Computer-Aided Design (CAM) of special crane hooks used to close the stack type hatch covers used for sea freight transport, which is of great importance in our world, has been made. In this design, bolt and pin connections were preferred in the connections of the hook with the crane, as well as the connection with the welding performed in other studies. Thanks to these fasteners, corrosion events caused by the place of use and environmental conditions will also be prevented, and the strength values and reliability of the material will be increased. Critical sections with high-stress values on this design were determined by the Finite Element Method (FEM) with ANSYS R3 analysis program. In this design, the necessary improvements and strength calculations of the hook were made. Numerical calculations performed by the FEM and strength calculation results were compared. Results overlap: This, in turn, has been associated with the fact that the design made for us provides an optimal level of efficiency. These calculations are based on the data of St-37 structural steel. According to the results of these strength calculations, improvements were made in the design. As a result of improvements in special design and strength values for hatch cover stocking gantry Crane hooks, the design is expected to be standardized.
Development of the child’s ego strength scale: An observation-based assessment of the board game behaviors in play therapy in Korea
Authors: Lee Ji Yoen , Lee Young-ae , Yoo Mee Sook 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale for assessing children’s ego strength through the observation of children playing board games in a therapeutic setting. Because ego strength is an index of psychosocial health, it is important to assess ego strength in childhood. In particular, children aged 7 to 9 exhibit their ego-strength characteristics in a situation challenged by self-competence due to their latency period. Therapists can identify such ego strength through game behaviors of children aged 7 to 9 in the play therapy setting. Thus, it is needed to develop a scale by selecting game play behaviors that grasp ego-strength.Method: Data were collected from 127 play therapists and play therapist-supervisors, who observed 468 play therapy sessions and 55 children aged 7-9 who received play therapy in Korea. The scale was created through content validity verification, factor analysis and verification of criterion-related validity. Results: We generated a Child’s Ego Strength Scale (CESS) consisting of five sub-factors (Coping Strategy, Cognitive Strategy, Ego Restriction, Interpersonal Functioning, Frustration Tolerance) through exploratory factor analysis. The scale met the goodness of fit criteria in a confirmatory factor analysis. The analysis of therapy sessions of children with strong and weak ego strength, as identified by play therapists, showed a significant difference between the two groups in all five sub-variables. There was a significant correlation between the CESS scores and scores of ego strength-related variables of the Rorschach scale, indicating good criterion-related validity. Conclusion: The CESS appears to be a practical method for the assessment of ego strength in the field of child counseling.