bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
After the “Age of Wreckers and Exterminators?”
Authors: Giraud Eva Haifa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis essay delineates the material and conceptual limitations of two prominent ways of figuring the relationship between humans and harmful beings: narratives of eradication and entanglement. Ecological concern about the legacies of twentieth-century attempts to eradicate life deemed dangerous to humans (such as the damage fostered by DDT and the overuse of antibiotics), coupled with declines in the efficacy of some major medical and chemical techniques for eradicating harmful beings, means that exterminism is increasingly seen as both ethically undesirable and materially impossible. At the same time, it is insufficient to fall back on narratives about the ontological inevitability of entanglement with nonhumans because the harms—for humans and other species—that are posed by particular relations are tightly bound with socioeconomic inequalities and asymmetries in power. Through situating contemporary viral relations in relation to existing literatures focused on pests and parasites, the essay argues that harmful beings are not just exceptions that can be worked around and ultimately accommodated within relational ethics. Instead, harmful entanglements offer more fundamental provocations, forcing attention to the question of how to create more livable worlds through situated acts of distancing without descending back into narratives of eradication.
The Operational Loops of a Pandemic
Authors: Sampson Tony D. , Parikka Jussi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article analyzes the visual operations of contagions and their material aftereffects. Data visualizations and diagrams have played a key role in the visual culture of the contagion, and this article explores especially two recurring themes: curves and simulations. The article addresses the data diagrams that describe and predict, advise and control actions during the pandemic. The authors argue that these curves and simulations are also crucial epistemic and aesthetic occurrences that produce the long tale of the epidemic as it pertains to a variety of actions from policy making to affective responses. Furthermore, the text investigates the theme of the operational loop to help us grasp statistical curves and simulations as part of a multiscalar logic of the epidemic image and to discuss the temporal modalities of these various images and diagrams. The article also includes David Benqué’s speculative diagrams of contagion loops that present an artistic response to the theoretical theme.
The Great City Is Fragile
Authors: Robins Kevin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article explores issues covered in Wuhan Diary, a day-by-day account by the Chinese author Fang Fang of her experiences during the height of the pandemic crisis in the city of Wuhan during the early months of 2020. It seeks to bring out what is distinctive and innovative about the text. Most notably, this concerns the mobilization of social media, such as Weibo and WeChat, as a basis for social communication and the dissemination of information within and beyond the city. The resultant text is not a diary in the conventional sense but, rather, a vast montage of diverse kinds of material that have been electronically cut up and pasted together. A particular focus of the discussion concerns ethical support and solidarity among citizens of Wuhan at this time of acute disruption. In this context, the article suggests a significant, and maybe surprising, affinity between Fang Fang's immediate concerns and issues raised in the ethical philosophies of Paul Ricoeur and Gabriel Marcel.
Virus Is a Language
Authors: Gray Chris Hables 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To understand 2020’s pandemic is to see virus as a language we can use. By drawing on viral principles—viruses are infections through information, viruses can be understood only through percentages and exponentials, and viruses are zombies from outer space—the dynamics of our twenty-first-century virus crisis can be discerned, even influenced. The crisis isn't just biological, it is about ideas and how they propagate through, for example, conspiracy theories and inflammatory actions. Viral emotions are integral to what is happening, as attention to both the virus of fascism and fear-based reactions to COVID-19 make clear. The opposite of fear, or perhaps the product of fear sometimes, is bravery. Hope is beyond that. Viruses spread because of their intrinsic properties and the relevant vectors, catalysts, growth mediums, and controls. Our future will be shaped by a wide range of viruses. We know it will be abnormal, but viruses will not act alone. Much of nature, and thus human culture, is beyond the viral. The key issue is control and just what mix of authoritarian control, self-control, and out-of-control (in both senses) we will end up living with.
Team interventions in acute hospital contexts: protocol for the evaluation of an initial programme theory using realist methods
Authors: Cunningham Una , De Brún Aoife , Willgerodt Mayumi , Blakeney Erin , McAuliffe Eilish 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Literature on multi-disciplinary healthcare team interventions to improve quality and safety of care in acute hospital contexts tends to focus on evaluating the success of the intervention by assessing patient outcomes. In contrast, there is little focus on the team who delivered the intervention, how the team worked to deliver the intervention or the context in which it was delivered. In practice, there is therefore a poor understanding of why some interventions work and are sustained and why others fail. There is little emphasis in the literature on how the team delivering the intervention might impact success or failure. Given that team is the vehicle through which these interventions are introduced, it is important to understand interventions from their perspectives. This research seeks to deepen understanding of enablers and barriers for effective team interventions. Using two case studies, we will evaluate previously developed initial programme theories to understand, what worked for whom, in what conditions, why, to what extent and how? Methods and analysis: A realist evaluation approach will be employed to test the previously formed set of initial programme theories. Two multi-disciplinary acute hospital team interventions in two different geographical and organisational contexts will be identified. In case study 1, a theory based approach to interviewing will be used. In case study 2, interview transcripts obtained using a semi- structured approach for primary research purposes will undergo secondary analysis. This will enable a more sensitive look at patterns and variations in patterns of multi-disciplinary team interventions. Researchers will first iteratively interrogate each respective dataset to identify the characteristics or resources present within the specific context that influenced how the team intervention worked to produce particular outcomes. Data will then be synthesised across contexts in order to produce middle range theories and thereby more generalisable insights.
Maternal health literacy on mother and child health care: A community cluster survey in two southern provinces in Laos
Authors: Phommachanh Sysavanh , Essink Dirk R. , Wright Pamela E. , Broerse Jacqueline E. W. , Mayxay Mayfong 
Published: March 2021

Rational
Increased maternal health literacy (MHL) has contributed considerably to maternal and child health outcomes in many countries. Malnutrition, and low coverage of child vaccination and breastfeeding are major health concerns in Laos, but there is little insight into mothers’ literacy on these issues. The aim of this study was to identify the level of MHL of Lao mothers and to explore factors influencing it, in order to provide evidence that can inform policies and planning of health services.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire on health literacy (ability to access, understand, appraise and apply health-related information) in relation to care during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. We interviewed 384 mothers with children aged under five years; 197 from urban and 187 from rural areas. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze the data.

Results
Overall, MHL of Lao mothers was very low in both urban and rural areas; 80% of mothers had either inadequate or problematic MHL, while only 17.4% had sufficient and 3.5% excellent MHL. The MHL scores were significantly higher in urban than in rural areas. One third of mothers found it very difficult to access, understand, appraise and apply information on mother and child (MCH). Health personnel were the main source of MCH information for the mothers. Years of schooling, own income, health status, and number of ANC visits significantly predicted a higher level of MHL (R square = 0.250; adjusted R square = 0.240, P = <0.001).

Conclusions
MHL of Lao mothers was inadequate in both urban and rural areas. Socio-demographics and key practices of the mothers were significantly associated with a better level of MHL. Health education on MHL to mothers in both urban and rural areas needs attention, and could best be done by improving the quality of health providers’ provision of information.
Predictors of stent dysfunction in patients with bilateral metal stents for malignant hilar obstruction
Authors: So Hoonsub , Oh Chi Hyuk , Song Tae Jun , Ko Sung Woo , Hwang Jun Seong , Oh Dongwook , Park Do Hyun , Lee Sang Soo , Seo Dong-Wan , Dong Seok Ho , Lee Sung Koo , Kim Myung-Hwan 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
For unresectable hilar obstruction, restoring and maintaining biliary ductal patency are crucial for improved survival and quality of life. The endoscopic placement of stents is now a mainstay of its treatment, and bilateral stenting is effective for biliary decompression. This study aimed to determine the clinical outcomes of bilateral metal stent placement using large cell-type stents and the clinical predictors of stent dysfunction in patients with malignant hilar obstruction.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent bilateral metal stent placement using two large cell-type stents at two academic teaching hospitals between September 2017 and February 2019. The primary outcome was stent dysfunction. Secondary outcomes included predictors related to stent dysfunction and overall survival.

Results
The study included 87 patients who underwent bilateral metal stent placement for malignant hilar obstruction. Technical success and clinical success were achieved in 80 patients (92.0%) and 83 patients (95.4%), respectively. During the follow-up period (median: 201, range: 18–671 days), stent dysfunction occurred in 42 patients (48.3%), and the median stent patency was 199 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 181–262). In univariate analysis, age, cholangitis before stent insertion, and subsequent chemotherapy were found to be associated with the cumulative risk of stent dysfunction. In multivariate analysis, cholangitis before stent insertion (hazards ratio [HR]: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.216–4.209, P = 0.010) and subsequent chemotherapy (HR:  0.250, 95% CI: 0.130–0.482, P<0.001) remained as statically significant factors associated with the cumulative risk of stent dysfunction. The median overall survival was 288 days (95% CI: 230–327).

Conclusion
The bilateral placement of large cell-type stents for malignant hilar obstruction was effective with high technical and clinical success rates and acceptable patency. Cholangitis before stent insertion was associated with shorter patency, and subsequent chemotherapy was associated with longer stent patency.
Brief report: Lymph node morphology in stage II colorectal cancer
Authors: Greenwood Annabelle , Keating John , Kenwright Diane , Shekouh Ali , Dalzell Alex , Dennett Elizabeth , Danielson Kirsty 
Published: March 2021

Background
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated morbidity and mortality worldwide. The local anti-tumour immune response is particularly important for patients with stage II where the tumour-draining lymph nodes have not yet succumbed to tumour spread. The lymph nodes allow for the expansion and release of B cell compartments such as primary follicles and germinal centres. A variation in this anti-tumour immune response may influence the observed clinical heterogeneity in stage II patients.

Aim
The aim of this study was to explore tumour-draining lymph node histomorphological changes and tumour pathological risk factors including the immunomodulatory microRNA-21 (miR-21) in a small cohort of stage II CRC.

Methods
A total of 23 stage II colorectal cancer patients were included. Tumour and normal mucosa samples were analysed for miR-21 expression levels and B-cell compartments were quantified from Haematoxylin and Eosin slides of lymph nodes. These measures were compared to clinicopathological risk factors such as perforation, bowel obstruction, T4 stage and high-grade.

Results
We observed greater Follicle density in patients with a lower tumour T stage and higher germinal centre density in patients with higher pre-operative carcinoembryonic antigen levels. Trends were also detected between tumours with deficiency in mismatch repair proteins, lymphatic invasion and both the density and size of B-cell compartments. Lastly, elevated tumour miR-21 was associated with decreased Follicle and germinal centre size.

Conclusion
Variation in B-cell compartments of tumour-draining lymph nodes is associated with clinicopathological risk factors in stage II CRC patients.
METHOD OF OBTAINING BIOACTIVATED SUPPLEMENTS FOR FOOD ON THE BASIS OF SEEDS SEAFLOWS
Authors: Zolotareva Anna Mefod'yevna , Shcherbinina Anna Valer'yevna , Vtorushina Anastasiya Nikolayevna 
Published: March 2021

An original method of treating sea buckthorn seeds has been proposed, which allows to increase the biological value of the feedstock. The analysis of the bioactivation of sea buckthorn seeds in vitro allowed us to identify common methodological approaches in the registration of the initial stages. As a criterion for the effectiveness of swelling and tempering parameters, the bioactivation ability was analyzed. The process of bioactivation of sea buckthorn seeds was investigated by the dynamics of changes in the geometric parameters of seeds, using the automated Zerno program and determining the microstructure. The study of the microstructure of seeds is of great importance to identify the relationship between the structure and their biological value. Identification of critical points makes it possible to integrate the process, and taking into account the morphological features, microstructure and chemical composition of seeds – the content of protein, fat, vitamins allows you to navigate the dynamics of the bioactivation process. A method for producing bioactivated sea buckthorn seeds involves soaking the seeds, sonication, aging for 24 hours, drying and grinding. Under the influence of its own enzymes, the morphology and microstructure of the anatomical parts of the seeds undergoes irreversible changes. The bioactivation method improves the quality of sea buckthorn seeds by increasing their biological value.
The modernization of the technological process for the treatment of sea buckthorn seeds, which allows to obtain an innovative product while maintaining functional properties.
The technical result of bioactivation of sea buckthorn seeds is to improve the quality of the finished product, reducing the duration of the process, increasing the biological value of seeds, expanding the range of food additives of plant origin.
SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF XEROGELS DERIVED FROM SULFATED PINE ETHANOL LIGNIN
Authors: Mikova Nadezhda Mikhaylovna , Levdansky Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Mazurova Yelena Valentinovna , Kuznecov Boris Nikolayevich 
Published: March 2021

Organic xerogels based on lignin and tannins isolated from pine bark and wood were first obtained by condensation with formaldehyde and furfuryl alcohol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The use of pine sulfated ethanol lignin made it possible for the first time to obtain sulfur-containing (up to 1.3% wt.) lignin-(tannin)-formaldehyde and lignin-(tannin)-furfuryl xerogels. The density of the obtained gels increases with the addition of tannins to lignin and varies in the range 0.13–0.39 g/cm3. Xerogels synthesized by condensation with furfuryl alcohol are stronger than those obtained using formaldehyde. The presence of sulfur in xerogels was confirmed by elemental and chemical analysis and IR spectroscopy. It was shown by scanning electron microscopy, that lignin-formaldehyde xerogels are formed from large polymer chains, consisting of interconnected aggregates of micron-sized particles and have large pores. The addition of tannins to the polycondensation system is accompanied by the formation of a more compact spatially crosslinked gel structure. BET method showed that all xerogels have low porosity, and lignin-furfuryl samples have a larger average pore diameter (7.2–14.5 nm) compared to lignin-formaldehyde samples (3.03–6.80 nm).
Pengembangan Desain Perencanaan Sistem Informasi Geografis sebagai Alternatif Pembelajaran dalam Keperawatan Kesehatan Komunitas
Authors: Dewi Nur Setiawati , Nurrahima Artika , Wirawan Panji Wisnu 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The learning process of nursing students faced complexity problems, particularly in community health nursing course. There is no latest information technology application that addresses are impacted to the educational problems of undergraduate and professional nursing program. An unclearly visualization of the data assessment of community nursing care provide distresses for lecturer and nursing student. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide a detail visualization that related to health problems in the community. This study aims to provide a visualization about the development of GIS that may become an alternative learning for nursing students.Methods: This article describes the part of action research process. Five nursing students and two lecturers of community health nursing were recruited. The data collection was conducted by interview and observation for data assessment in the first step of development of GIS application.Results: There were four steps of making of GIS application, which is divided into four steps, including need analyzing, application design planning, the diagram of data flow, and application description.Conclusion: The GIS has benefit for learning process, some policies are necessary to mediate the development and application of GIS for nursing students in community health nursing course.
Treasuring Yemen: Notes on Exchange and Collection in Rasūlid Material Culture
Authors: Kenney Ellen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Often distinguished by their characteristic five-petalled rosette emblems, objects dedicated to the Rasūlid sultans of Yemen in Egypt or Syria have long been identified as a distinct corpus in histories of Islamic art. Whether treated singly or as a group, these objects have usually been positioned in the periphery of discussions about Mamlūk luxury arts or cited briefly as evidence of diplomatic relations between the Mamlūk and Rasūlid leadership. Perhaps reflecting a general marginalization of South Arabia in the historiographic traditions of Islamic art scholarship, narratives centered on the imperial Mamlūk enterprise tend to overshadow both the Rasūlid context for these objects and the complexities of their global material histories. This essay explores these two themes together, drawing broadly on visual culture connected with the Rasūlid court to analyze a selection of case studies. It reviews art historical literature on the Rasūlid-Mamlūk corpus as reflected in European and North American scholarship, outlines the various modalities by which this material exchange is understood to have taken place, explores the setting for Rasūlid patronage and collection of such objects, and examines their material afterlives.
Effect of aromatherapy massage by orange essential oil on post-cesarean anxiety: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mirhosseini Seyedmohammad , Abbasi Ali , Norouzi Nastaran , Mobaraki Fatemeh , Basirinezhad Mohammad Hasan , Mohammadpourhodki Reza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Many women in recent years have been willing to undergo puncture surgery for childbirth, which, like other surgeries, has physical and psychological side effects such as incision, infertility, chronic pain, and anxiety. Therefore, it is important to reduce and improve these side effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foot massage with orange essential oil on anxiety in women undergoing cesarean section.

Methods
This randomized clinical trial study was conducted in 2019 on 80 women referred to Bahar Shahroud Hospital after cesarean section surgery. The samples were divided into two groups by intervention (foot massage with orange essential oil) and control (foot massage without orange essential oil). The Spielberger scale was used to determine anxiety scores after cesarean section. In the intervention group, the feet were massaged with orange essential oil, and in the control group, the orange essential oil massage was performed without oil. Anxiety before, immediately after, and 60 min after the intervention was measured and evaluated in both groups. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Significant levels were considered for all statistical tests (p<0.05).

Results
The anxiety score before the intervention in the two groups of intervention and control was 57.12 ± 3.12 and 57.07 ± 3.54, respectively, which were not significantly different, but immediately after the intervention, the anxiety scores in both groups decreased significantly so that there was a further decrease in the intervention group (52.10 ± 4.75 and 56.02 ± 3.77), 1 h after the intervention, the anxiety score in the intervention group decreased compared to the previous stage and increased in the control group (50.40 ± 3.74 and 56.85 ± 4.27).

Conclusions
Foot massage with orange essential oil can probably be effective as a proper nursing intervention in reducing anxiety after cesarean section surgery.
Educating Democratic Character
Authors: Alexander Natalia Rogach , Kitcher Philip 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany recent writers on democracy have lamented its decay and warned of its imminent death. We argue that the concerns are focused at three different levels of democracy. The most fundamental of these, celebrated by Tocqueville and by Dewey, recognizes the interactions and joint deliberations among citizens who seek sympathetic mutual engagement. Such engagement is increasingly rare in large-scale political life. In diagnosing and treating the problems, we recommend returning to the debate between Lippmann and Dewey, in which many of the concerns now prominent were already voiced. This inspires the main work of the paper – the reconstruction of Dewey’s conception of democracy as a ‘mode of associated living’. We focus on the thesis that democracy is educative and explicate Dewey’s notion of growth, showing how democratic education contributes to three important functions: the capacity for sustaining oneself, the enrichment of individual experience, and the ability to enter into cooperative discussions with fellow citizens. Dewey’s conception of democratic education is directed at fostering particular virtues and, if citizens come to possess them, the need for Lippmann’s ‘omnicompetent individual’ vanishes. We conclude by suggesting that Dewey’s project of educating democratic character is pertinent for addressing the disaffection of our times.
Crystal structure of 4-tert-butyl-2-N-(2-pyridylmethyl)aminophenol, C16H20N2O
Authors: Buthelezi Sipho , Ibrahim Halliru , Bala Muhammad D. , Friedrich Holger B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
C16H20N2O, monoclinic,

P

2
1

/
c

$P{2}_{1}/c$

(no. 14), a = 9.7933(2) Å, b = 17.5290(3) Å, c = 17.1148(3) Å, β = 101.242(1)°, V = 2881.67(9) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0402, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1106, T = 150(2) K.