bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological and ecological warnings that dodders pose an exigent threat to farmlands in Eastern Africa
Authors: Masanga Joel , Mwangi Beatrice Njoki , Kibet Willy , Sagero Philip , Wamalwa Mark , Oduor Richard , Ngugi Mathew , Alakonya Amos , Ojola Patroba , Bellis Emily S , Runo Steven 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Invasive holoparasitic plants of the genus Cuscuta (dodder) threaten African ecosystems due to their rapid spread and attack on various host plant species. Most Cuscuta species cannot photosynthesize and hence rely on host plants for nourishment. After attachment through a peg-like organ called a haustorium, the parasites deprive hosts of water and nutrients, which negatively affects host growth and development. Despite their rapid spread in Africa, dodders have attracted limited research attention, although data on their taxonomy, host range, and epidemiology are critical for their management. Here, we combine taxonomy and phylogenetics to reveal the presence of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris) and C. kilimanjari (both either naturalized or endemic to East Africa), in addition to the introduction of the giant dodder (C. reflexa), a south Asian species, in continental Africa. These parasites have a wide host range, parasitizing species across 13 angiosperm orders. We evaluated the possibility of C. reflexa to expand this host range to tea (Camelia sinensis), coffee (Coffea arabica), and mango (Mangifera indica), crops of economic importance to Africa, for which haustorial formation and vascular-bundle connections in all three crops revealed successful parasitism. However, only mango mounted a successful postattachment resistance response. Furthermore, species distribution models predicted high habitat suitability for Cuscuta spp. across major tea- and coffee-growing regions of Eastern Africa, suggesting an imminent risk to these crops. Our findings provide relevant insights into a poorly understood threat to biodiversity and economic wellbeing in Eastern Africa, and provide critical information to guide development of management strategies to avert Cuscuta spp. spread.
Effects of physical activity on vascular function in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peçanha Tiago , Bannell Daniel J , Sieczkowska Sofia Mendes , Goodson Nicola , Roschel Hamilton , Sprung Victoria S , Low David A 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo summarize existing evidence and quantify the effects of physical activity on vascular function and structure in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs).MethodsDatabases were searched (through March 2020) for clinical trials evaluating the effects of physical activity interventions on markers of micro- and macrovascular function and macrovascular structure in ARDs. Studies were combined using random effects meta-analysis, which was conducted using Hedges’ g. Meta-analyses were performed on each of the following outcomes: microvascular function [i.e. skin blood flow or vascular conductance responses to acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitropusside (SNP) administration]; macrovascular function [i.e. brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD%) or brachial responses to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN%); and macrovascular structure [i.e. aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV)].ResultsTen studies (11 trials) with a total of 355 participants were included in this review. Physical activity promoted significant improvements in microvascular [skin blood flow responses to ACh, g = 0.92 (95% CI 0.42, 1.42)] and macrovascular function [FMD%, g = 0.94 (95% CI 0.56, 1.02); GTN%, g = 0.53 (95% CI 0.09, 0.98)]. Conversely, there was no evidence for beneficial effects of physical activity on macrovascular structure [PWV, g = −0.41 (95% CI −1.13, 0.32)].ConclusionsOverall, the available clinical trials demonstrated a beneficial effect of physical activity on markers of micro- and macrovascular function but not on macrovascular structure in patients with ARDs. The broad beneficial impact of physical activity across the vasculature identified in this review support its role as an effective non-pharmacological management strategy for patients with ARDs.
Sovereign Credit Quality and Violations of the Law of One Price
Authors: Boudoukh Jacob , Brooks Jordan , Richardson Matthew , Xu Zhikai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It is well-documented that government bonds with almost identical cash flows can trade at different prices. This article analyzes the cross-section of bond spreads across developed European countries and documents a novel result. While a measure of the convenience yield of government bonds helps explain these spreads, it cannot explain the behavior of bond spreads in periods of widening credit risk. The article documents bond spreads between new and old issues tighten for low-quality sovereigns. In other words, the newer more liquid bonds become cheaper, not more expensive, relative to their older counterparts. We offer an explanation based on price pressure and provide empirical support using data on net flows of investors in sovereign bonds.
Multiple Basal Cell Carcinomas of the Scalp After Radiotherapy: Genomic Study in a Case With Latency Period Over 80 Years
Authors: Cardoso José Carlos , Ribeiro Ilda Patrícia , Caramelo Francisco , Tellechea Oscar , Barbosa de Melo Joana , Marques Carreira Isabel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been linked mostly to ultraviolet radiation exposure, but ionizing radiation has also been implicated in the genesis of a subset of BCCs occurring after radiotherapy. We present a 93-year-old woman with 4 BCCs of the scalp after radiotherapy for tinea capitis, diagnosed after a latency period of over 80 years. The largest lesion was located on the right temporal region and corresponded to a BCC of mixed type, with nodular, infiltrative, and micronodular components. We performed genomic study with array comparative genomic hybridization in samples from each BCC, which revealed more imbalances in the largest lesion than in the remaining ones, correlating with its higher histological complexity. Furthermore, this was the only lesion presenting loss at 2p22.3, where is mapped the BIRC6 gene associated with regulation of apoptosis, and loss at 16q24.3, where is mapped FANCA gene, responsible for DNA repair and maintenance of chromosome stability. Despite these differences, there were aberrations shared by all tumor samples, suggesting a common genetic signature. Our report describes, to the best of our knowledge, the longest latency period between exposure to radiotherapy and the diagnosis of BCC. The genomic study showed imbalances common to all tumor samples but also differences that could explain their heterogeneity in terms of histological subtype and biological potential. In addition, these differences could also be a consequence of different times in the evolution of the lesions at the moment of presentation, thus having a diverse combination of accumulated genomic imbalances.
Correlation Between Symptom Clusters and Quality of Life in Children With Acute Leukemia During Chemotherapy
Authors: Li Rongrong , Yao Wenying , Chan Yuying , Shen Min , Wang Xin , Wen Fang , Yang Qi 
Published: January 2021

Background
Children with acute leukemia experience various distressing symptoms due to the disease and its treatment during chemotherapy. These symptoms cluster together and have negative impacts on patient outcomes.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine symptom clusters that children with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy are experiencing and the impact of these symptom clusters on their quality of life.

Methods
A cross-sectional study design was used, and 184 Chinese children with acute leukemia who were undergoing chemotherapy were invited to participate in the study. Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale 10–18 and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory General Core Module version 4.0 were applied. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression were used to identify symptom clusters and their influence on the quality of life.

Results
Six symptom clusters were identified as gastrointestinal, emotional, neurological, skin mucosal, self-image disorder, and somatic cluster. The severity of each symptom cluster was negatively correlated with quality of life. Among them, gastrointestinal, emotional, and somatic clusters were significant predictors of quality of life.

Conclusions
There are multiple symptom clusters in children with acute leukemia, which seriously affect children's quality of life. To relieve symptom burden and improve quality of life, nursing and medical staff should pay attention to the symptom management and control in a symptom cluster perspective.

Implications for Practice
The results of this study will provide suggestions for the healthcare provider to plan for these symptoms and manage any concurrent symptoms for the successful promotion of children's quality of life.
The Estimated Lifetime Medical Cost of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Trichomoniasis in the United States, 2018
Authors: Kumar Sagar , Chesson Harrell W. , Spicknall Ian H. , Kreisel Kristen M. , Gift Thomas L. 
Published: January 2021

Background
The purpose of this study was to provide updated estimates of the average lifetime medical cost per infection for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis.

Methods
We adapted a published decision tree model that allowed for 7 possible outcomes of infection: (1) symptomatic infection, treated, no sequelae; (2) symptomatic infection, not treated, sequelae; (3) symptomatic infection, not treated, no sequelae; (4) asymptomatic infection, treated, sequelae; (5) asymptomatic infection, treated, no sequelae; (6) asymptomatic infection, not treated, sequelae; and (7) asymptomatic infection, not treated, no sequelae. The base case values and ranges we applied for the model inputs (i.e., the probability and cost assumptions) were based on published studies.

Results
The estimated lifetime medical costs per infection for men and women, respectively, were $46 (95% credibility interval, $32–$62) and $262 ($127–$483) for chlamydia, $78 ($36–$145) and $254 ($96–$518) for gonorrhea, and $5 ($1–$14) and $36 ($17–$58) for trichomoniasis. Cost estimates for men were most sensitive to assumptions regarding the probability that the infection is symptomatic, the probability of treatment if asymptomatic, and the cost of treatment of infection. Cost estimates for chlamydia and gonorrhea in women were most sensitive to assumptions regarding the probability and cost of subsequent pelvic inflammatory disease.

Conclusions
These estimates of the lifetime medical cost per infection can inform updated estimates of the total annual cost of sexually transmitted infections in the United States, as well as analyses of the value and cost-effectiveness of sexually transmitted infection prevention interventions.
Delayed Bleeding of Sphenopalatine Artery as a Complication in Le Fort I Osteotomy
Authors: Alister Herdener Juan Pablo , Uribe Francisca , Barreda Mauricio , Olate Sergio , Fariña Rodrigo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Rates of severe complications in orthognathic surgery are low, but when they occur they can be fatal. This article reports a case of laceration of the junction of the posterior lateral nasal artery and the sphenopalatine artery, resulting in severe delayed bleeding. Patient undergoes a multiple segment Le Fort I osteotomy with no intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications. On the fourth postoperative day, he presents with epistaxis and intractable postnasal discharge, is admitted to emergency with signs of shock, and bleeding is detected endoscopically originating from the right sphenopalatine artery, which is treated with diathermocoagulation. The advantage of endoscopy in difficult areas is that bleeding complications can be solved with low morbidity.
Skeletal and Dental Habilitation of Residual Alveolar and Maxillary Clefts
Authors: Morris David E. , Patel Pravin K. , Warshawsky Neil M. , Reisberg David J. , Cohen Mimis N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractManagement of residual clefts of the alveolus and maxilla requires the coordinated effort of multiple members of the craniofacial team including surgeon, orthodontist, and when teeth are hypoplastic or absent, the prosthodontist to achieve complete habilitation. Such cooperation among specialists begins early in the patient's life and continues through completion of care.Although numerous publications on this topic exist, few present definitive multidisciplinary reconstructive outcomes with longterm results. In this review paper, the authors present our comprehensive, multidisciplinary protocols, experience, and techniques as they have evolved with over 35 years of practice at our Craniofacial Center.Details of our updated protocols for each intervention and procedure, including our current thoughts on appropriate timing, follow up and advantages from the incorporation of current technologies are discussed. Close cooperation among specialists at all stages of care, the use of evolving technology, and adherence to, and modification where indicated, of time honored team protocols enables us to consistently achieve successful functional and esthetic outcomes, while minimizing complications.
Croceicoccus bisphenolivorans sp. nov., a bisphenol A-degrading bacterium isolated from seawater
Authors: Li Jiangwei , Hu Anyi , Lv Min , Yu Chang-Ping 
Published: January 2021

A bisphenol A-degrading bacterium, designated as strain H4T, was isolated from surface seawater, which was sampled from the Jiulong River estuary in southeast PR China. Strain H4T is Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped, lacking bacteriochlorophyll a, motile with multifibrillar stalklike fascicle structures and capable of degrading bisphenol A. Growth of strain H4T was observed at 24–45 °C (optimum, 32 °C), at pH 5.5–9 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in 0–7 % NaCl (optimum, 2 %; w/v) . The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain H4T showed highest similarity to

Croceicoccus pelagius

Ery9T (98.7 %),

Croceicoccus sediminis

(98.3 %),

Croceicoccus naphthovorans

PQ-2T (98.1 %) and

Croceicoccus ponticola

GM-16T (97.6 %), followed by

Croceicoccus marinus

E4A9T (96.7 %) and

Croceicoccus mobilis

Ery22T (96.0 %). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain H4T fell within a clade comprising the type strains of

Croceicoccus

species and formed a phyletic line with them that was distinct from other members of the family

Erythrobacteraceae

. The sole respiratory quinone was quinone 10 (Q-10). The predominant fatty acids (>5 % of the total fatty acids) of strain H4T were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω6c and/or C18 : 1
ω7c), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω6c and/or C16 : 1
ω7c), C17 : 1
ω6c and C14 : 02-OH. The genomic DNA G+C content was 62.8 mol%. In the polar lipid profile, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids, two sphingoglycolipids and three unknown lipids were the major compounds. Based on the genotypic and phenotypic data, strain H4T represents a novel species of the genus

Croceicoccus

, for which the name Croceicoccus bisphenolivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H4T (=DSM 102182T=MCCC1 K02301T).
Culture and understanding the role of feedback for health professions students: Realist synthesis protocol
Authors: Fullerton Paul , Sarkar Mahbub , Haque Shamsul , McKenzie Wendy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionClinical education has moved to a “competency-based” model with an emphasis on workplace-based learning and assessment which, in turn, depends on feedback to be effective. Further, the understanding of feedback has changed from information about a performance directed to the learner performing the task, to a dialogue, which enables the learner to act and develop.In health professional education, feedback is a complex interaction between trainee, supervisor, and the healthcare system. Most published research on feedback in health professional education originates in Europe and North America. Our interest is on the impact of Culture on this process, particularly in the context of Asian cultures.The (scientific) realist approach of Pawson and Tilley provides a means to examine complex interventions in social situations, and thus is an appropriate lens to use for this study. This is a protocol for a realist synthesis which asks how, why and in what circumstances do Asian Cultures influence health professional trainees to seek, respond to and use feedback given in the clinical environment, if at all.Methods and analysisAn initial search was performed to help define the scope of the review question and develop our initial program theory. The formal electronic search was carried out in February 2020 and included: CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, and PsycInfo, and repeated in October 2020.Retrieved articles were imported into Covidence for screening and data extraction, after which components of the Context – Mechanisms – Outcomes configurations will be sought to refine the initial program theory.Ethics and DisseminationAs this study is a literature review, ethics approval is not required.The findings will be documented in line with the RAMESES publications standards for Realist syntheses,[41] and we plan to disseminate the findings by means of a peer-reviewed journal article and conference presentation(s).Strengths and limitations of this studyThe synthesis aims to identify the how and why Asian Cultures may influence feedback seeking and provision to health professional trainees, if at all.To our knowledge, there are few studies of feedback seeking and provision to health professional trainees in Asia.A Realist approach has the potential to help explain the complex nature of Culture’s impact on feedback.Only studies published in the English language will be included, so transferability of our findings to non-English speaking environments may be lacking.In addition to formal literature database searches, we will need to conduct citation mining to locate other relevant resources.
Glasgow Prognostic Score predicts chemotherapy‐triggered acute exacerbation‐interstitial lung disease in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kikuchi Ryota , Takoi Hiroyuki , Tsuji Takao , Nagatomo Yoko , Tanaka Akane , Kinoshita Hayato , Ono Mariko , Ishiwari Mayuko , Toriyama Kazutoshi , Kono Yuta , Togashi Yuki , Yamaguchi Kazuhiro , Yoshimura Akinobu , Abe Shinji 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundInterstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) worsens the prognosis for overall survival (OS) due to chemotherapy‐triggered acute exacerbation (AE)‐ILD. The Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), which is based on serum C‐reactive protein and albumin levels, has been suggested as a reliable prognostic tool for mortality in cancer patients, including NSCLC. In this study, we investigated whether GPS is a predictor for chemotherapy‐triggered AE‐ILD and the prognosis in patients with NSCLC and pre‐existing ILD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review on 56 NSCLC and ILD patients at our hospital who received platinum agent‐based treatment as first‐line chemotherapy between June 2010 and May 2019. We categorized these patients according to their GPS (0–2) and compared the incidence of chemotherapy‐triggered AE‐ILD and OS.ResultsThe GPS 0, 1, and 2 groups included 31, 16, and nine patients, respectively, out of 56. A total of 12 (21.4%) patients showed chemotherapy‐triggered AE‐ILD. The median OS was at 11.5 months (95% confidence interval: 8.0–15.1). The incidence of chemotherapy‐triggered AE‐ILD within the first year of chemotherapy in the GPS 0, 1, and 2 groups was three (9.6%), four (25.0%), and five (55.5%), and the median OS time was 16.9, 9.8 and 7.6 months, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that only GPS 2 could predict both chemotherapy‐triggered AE‐ILD and OS (P < 0.05).ConclusionsGPS assessment of patients with NSCLC and pre‐existing ILD is a valuable prognostic tool for predicting chemotherapy‐triggered AE‐ILD and OS.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyWe found that GPS 2 was an independent risk factor for chemotherapy‐triggered AE‐ILD and prognosis in patients with ILD associated with NSCLC.What this study addsGPS may potentially enable the discrimination of patients tolerant of chemotherapy from those at an increased risk of AE‐ILD and predict the prognosis in patients with NSCLC and ILD receiving chemotherapy.
The association between home ownership and the health of older men: Cross‐sectional analysis of the Australian Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project
Authors: Khalatbari‐Soltani Saman , Cumming Robert G. , Chomik Rafal , Blyth Fiona M. , Naganathan Vasi , Handelsman David J. , Le Couteur David G. , Waite Louise M. , Stanaway Fiona 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between home ownership and health in older men.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of 909 community‐dwelling Australian men (mean age: 81.3 ± 4.6) from the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP, 2012‐2013). We considered self‐rated health, frailty status, multimorbidity, and anxiety and depressive symptoms which identify different dimensions of health.ResultsMost participants were owner‐occupiers (89.7%). In age‐ and country of birth–adjusted analyses, not being an owner‐occupier was associated with an increased likelihood of depressive symptoms [prevalence ratio: 1.82, 95% confidence intervals 1.17 to 2.84]. There were no associations between home ownership and other health conditions.ConclusionLack of home ownership was associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, largely explained by poorer social support. Thus, targeting mental health programs at older divorced or separated men who do not own their own home could be an appropriate community‐based intervention.
Patient and hospital factors influencing discharge destination following hip fracture
Authors: Ryder Tayhla , Close Jacqueline , Harris Ian , Cameron Ian D. , Seymour Hannah , Armstrong Elizabeth , Bell Jack , Hurring Sarah , Mitchell Rebecca ,   ANZHFR Steering Group
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare demographics, treatment and health outcomes for individuals hospitalised with a hip fracture and examine predictors of postacute discharge destination.MethodsA retrospective analysis of data from the Australian and New Zealand Hip Fracture Registry of individuals aged ≥50 years hospitalised with a hip fracture from 2015 to 2018 (n = 29 881). Multinominal logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with discharge destination for individuals from private residences.ResultsAdvancing age, impaired cognition, reduced walking ability and poorer pre‐operative health were predictors for discharge to residential aged care. The odds of discharge to a rehabilitation unit were higher for individuals with extracapsular fractures, treated at major trauma centres or at hospitals with home‐based rehabilitation. Individuals in rural areas had higher odds of discharge to another hospital or ward.ConclusionIn addition to well‐known demographics, injury and treatment factors, non‐clinical factors including geographic area of residence also affect discharge destination.