bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology: A retrospective 5 years study
Authors: Chirmade Jyoti , Kothari Kanchan , Naik Leena , Agnihotri Mona 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an established technique for preoperative diagnosis of salivary gland lesions; however, lack of a uniform reporting system has been a handicap. The main aims of this study were to evaluate the utility of the – “The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology” (MSRSGC) and ascertain the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category.MethodsAll salivary gland FNACs over 5 years (January 2014‐December 2018) were reviewed and assigned a diagnostic category from the MSRSGC. Clinical data were taken from Cytology records. Cytodiagnosis was correlated with histopathology wherever available and ROM was calculated.ResultsA total of 120 salivary gland FNACs were studied. Age ranged between 5 and 85 years, male:female ratio was 2:1 and parotid was the commonest gland aspirated. Cases were reclassified as I non‐diagnostic (2.5%), II non‐neoplastic (15%), III atypia of uncertain significance‐AUS (1.7%), IV A neoplasm benign (50%), IV B neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (12.5%), V suspicious for malignancy (5%), and VI malignant (13.3%). Follow‐up was available in 70 (58.3%) cases. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value were 92.3%, 100%, 100%, and 98.27% respectively. ROM was non‐neoplastic (0%), AUS (50%), neoplasm benign (0%), neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (28.6%), suspicious for malignancy (100%), and malignant (100%).ConclusionSalivary gland FNAC is a reliable diagnostic tool and the “Milan system” will further increase FNA reliability, help risk stratification, and improve patient care.
Micro RNAs in Tfh regulation: Small molecules with a big impact
Authors: Basto Afonso P. , Graca Luis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe germinal center (GC) reactions are critical for the production of high‐affinity antibodies that comprise the protective humoral response elicited by infection or vaccination. GCs are initiated through the interaction of B cells with T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. While the transcriptional regulation of Tfh differentiation has been studied in great detail, the impact of micro RNAs (miRNAs) on Tfh development and stability has been harder to address. It was previously shown that a complete deletion of miRNAs biogenesis prevents Tfh differentiation. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology [Eur. J. Immunol. 2021. 51: 408‐413], Zeiträg et al. use an inducible gene deletion approach to reveal that miRNAs are also required for the maintenance of Tfh cells induced following viral infection in mice. These results provide new clues to the regulation of GC responses through Tfh and T follicular regulatory cells.
Heating and convection associated with alkaline electrophoresis
Authors: Khizhnyak Evgenii P. , Sirota Nikolay P. , Kuznetsova Elena A. , Khizhnyak Larisa N. , Sirota Tatyana V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlkaline version of the single‐cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) is widely used in toxicological, environmental, and monitoring studies to assess the DNA damage levels in individual cells. The change in the temperature of the electrophoretic solution is one of the reasons leading to interlaboratory variation of Comet assay results. In this work, changes of surface temperature of the solution during electrophoresis were studied using technique of real‐time thermal imaging. It has been found that the electrophoresis is accompanied by nonuniform temperature rise in different areas of the electrophoretic chamber. The maximum of heating was observed in the central region of the chamber, where temperature increased by an average of 7°C. The minimum temperature rise in other parts of the chamber was about 5°C. After removing the solution, the temperature on the surface of slides was higher than that on the surface of the solution. We believe that (1) nonuniform heating of the electrophoretic solution and convection could be the reasons responsible for the variability of results both in inter‐ and intralaboratory studies; (2) the spatial distribution of heating of the solution depends on the size and configuration of the electrophoretic chambers used.
Seismic robustness of self‐centering braced frames suffering tendon failure
Authors: Ping Yiwei , Fang Cheng , Chen Yiyi , Yam Michael C. H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper comprehensively discusses the behavior and failure risk of self‐centering braced frames suffering tendon fracture. The fundamental mechanism of tendon failure in self‐centering braces (SCBs) is first introduced, followed by the design and analysis of a series of prototype buildings with different tendon materials and brace configurations. Assuming a normal distribution of tendon fracture strain, the dynamic behavior of the frames is then assessed by a suite of ground motion records, covering both far‐field and near‐fault ones. The collapse and residual deformation fragilities of the frames are further evaluated, and the study ends with a risk assessment considering a 50‐year service period. Among other findings, the study indicates that tendon fracture tends to increase the peak interstory drift, especially for the structure with smaller tendon fracture strains. Tendon fracture also compromises the self‐centering capability significantly, although there is no obvious statistical correlation between tendon fracture and the peak floor acceleration. The probability of collapse and that of exceedance of certain residual drift both increase evidently when tendon fracture is considered. The failure probabilities are closely related to the available deformability of the SCBs, where dual‐core SCBs show less sensitivity to tendon fracture. The probability of collapse of the considered frames over 50 years of service increases from 1.25‐2.12% to 3.58‐6.52% when tendon fracture is considered. Considering a residual drift threshold of 0.5%, the probability of exceedance of the same structures over the same life span increases from 1.78‐3.54% to 5.46‐9.71%.
Exploring the use of individualised patient‐reported outcome measures in eating disorders: Validation of the Psychological Outcome Profiles
Authors: Austin Amelia , Potterton Rachel , Flynn Michaela , Richards Katie , Allen Karina , Grant Nina , Glennon Danielle , Mountford Victoria A. , Franklin‐Smith Mary , Schelhase Monique , Jones William R. , Serpell Lucy , Mahoney Kate , Brady Gaby , Nunes Nicole , Kali Kuda , Connan Frances , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRationalePsychotherapies for eating disorders (EDs) are routinely assessed using standardised patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs). PROMs have been criticised for their lack of patient centeredness and clinical utility. The Psychological Outcome Profiles (PSYCHLOPS) is an individualised PROM that allows patients to specify their own outcomes.Aims(1) To validate the use of the PSYCHLOPS in ED treatment, and (2) to identify patient concerns beyond those measured by common ED PROMs.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy‐eight emerging adult patients, presenting with a first‐episode ED (aged 16–25, illness duration <3 years) completed the PSYCHLOPS and two standardised ED PROMs (the EatingDisorder Examination Questionnaire [EDE‐Q] and the Clinical Impairment Assessment Questionnaire [CIA]) at four time points across 12 months. Psychometrics of the PSYCHLOPS were assessed quantitatively against the EDE‐Q and CIA. Content analysis assessed unique patient concerns identified by PSYCHLOPS.ResultsThe PSYCHLOPS had adequate to good psychometric properties. A total of 53.3% of participants reported a concern not addressed by the EDE‐Q or the CIA, the most common being depression/anxiety, academic problems, treatment concerns and disturbed sleep.DiscussionPROMs can be complemented by the PSYCHLOPS to identify problems specific to an individual's context. As ED patients are typically ambivalent about change, understanding their concerns is vital in building motivation for change.
Clinical and genomic characterization of patients diagnosed with the provisional entity acute myeloid leukemia with BCR‐ABL1, a Swedish population‐based study
Authors: Orsmark‐Pietras Christina , Landberg Niklas , Lorenz Fryderyk , Uggla Bertil , Höglund Martin , Lehmann Sören , Derolf Åsa , Deneberg Stefan , Antunovic Petar , Cammenga Jörg , Möllgård Lars , Wennström Lovisa , Lilljebjörn Henrik , Rissler Marianne , Fioretos Thoas , Lazarevic Vladimir Lj 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(9;22)(q34;q11), also known as AML with BCR‐ABL1, is a rare, provisional entity in the WHO 2016 classification and is considered a high‐risk disease according to the European LeukemiaNet 2017 risk stratification. We here present a retrospective, population‐based study of this disease entity from the Swedish Acute Leukemia Registry. By strict clinical inclusion criteria we aimed to identify genetic markers further distinguishing AML with t(9;22) as a separate entity. Twenty‐five patients were identified and next‐generation sequencing using a 54‐gene panel was performed in 21 cases. Interestingly, no mutations were found in NPM1, FLT3, or DNMT3A, three frequently mutated genes in AML. Instead, RUNX1 was the most commonly mutated gene, with aberrations present in 38% of the cases compared to around 10% in de novo AML. Additional mutations were identified in genes involved in RNA splicing (SRSF2, SF3B1) and chromatin regulation (ASXL1, STAG2, BCOR, BCORL1). Less frequently, mutations were found in IDH2, NRAS, TET2, and TP53. The mutational landscape exhibited a similar pattern as recently described in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in myeloid blast crisis (BC). Despite the concomitant presence of BCR‐ABL1 and RUNX1 mutations in our cohort, both features of high‐risk AML, the RUNX1‐mutated cases showed a superior overall survival compared to RUNX1 wildtype cases. Our results suggest that the molecular characteristics of AML with t(9;22)/BCR‐ABL1 and CML in myeloid BC are similar and do not support a distinction of the two disease entities based on their underlying molecular alterations.
Ceramic exchange networks in the south‐central Tuxtla Mountains, southern Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Venter Marcie L. , Pierce Daniel , Glascock Michael D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOur study situates the classic period center Matacanela, located in southern Veracruz, Mexico, within the context of shifting regional political‐economic systems. Specifically, we assess the potential for utilizing neutron activation analysis (NAA) of pottery in the study of changing interactions through a focus on three ceramic wares: Coarse Orange, Fine Orange, and Coarse Brown. NAA identified four compositional groups, suggesting that Matacanela selectively utilized ceramics from a variety of sources, but the center's inhabitants overwhelming used ceramics that were only occasionally exploited by their contemporaries in the nearby Catemaco and Tepango valleys. Instead, the center's primary ceramic exchange partners were in the southern Tuxtlas foothills. This divergent pattern of ceramic exchange parallels earlier obsidian exploitation differences that revealed participation in the networks of the western Tuxtla uplands as well as the southern foothills and centers within eastern Olman. The findings of this study contribute to (1) the geological characterization of ceramic resources used by ancient Gulf lowland societies, (2) to the comparative ceramic database in a region that was an important nexus for diverse cultural traditions spanning Mesoamerican prehistory, and (3) the refinement of our knowledge relevant to the divergent strategies employed by groups.
Psychomotor processing and functional decline in Parkinson's disease predicted by the Purdue Pegboard test
Authors: Hinkle Jared T. , Pontone Gregory M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Purdue Pegboard test (PPT) assesses upper‐extremity dexterity and motor skills. We hypothesized that PPT skill would predict functional and cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD), independent of observer‐rated measures of motor impairment.MethodsWe utilized data from 399 PD participants enrolled in the deprenyl and tocopherol antioxidative therapy of Parkinsonism trial. Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) metrics, neuropsychological assessments, and clinical rating scales were extracted for analysis with multivariate linear mixed‐effects and generalized estimating equation regression models.ResultsIn multivariate logistic regression, higher baseline and time‐varying PPT scores predicted better visual processing speed and attention throughout longitudinal follow‐up. No similarly strong associations were found for tests of memory, nonvisual attention, phonemic fluency, or set‐shifting. Independently of observer‐rated motor impairment (UPDRS part III), PPT performance was significantly associated with changes in activities of daily living (ADL) function measured with UPDRS part II. Low baseline PPT score (≤10th percentile) doubled the relative risk of later ADL dysfunction (≥90th percentile).ConclusionsPPT impairment selectively predicted declining psychomotor processing speed in PD. The domain‐specificity of this association may reflect correlated pathophysiological changes in top‐down visual and motor control pathways. PPT also predicted increasing ADL dysfunction after adjusting for objective measures of motor impairment. We suggest that PPT scores may be prognostically useful for predicting cognitive changes and ADL dysfunction, which have dramatic impacts on both patient and caregiver quality of life. Furthermore, simple task‐based assessments like the PPT could be investigated for remote assessment in PD.
Clinical and survival analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with consistently negative Epstein–Barr virus DNA
Authors: Wei Zhi‐Gong , Hu Xiao‐Lin , He Yan , Guan Hui , Wang Jing‐Jing , He Ling , Mu Xiao‐Li , Liu Zhe‐Ran , Li Rui‐Dan , Peng Xing‐Chen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the clinical and survival features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with consistently negative Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA level.MethodsPropensity score matching (PSM) method was used to create well‐balanced cohorts. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were performed to conduct survival analysis.ResultsFour hundred and eighty patients were enrolled. Patients with consistently negative plasma EBV DNA level had a greater chance to present a relatively earlier T and N classification compared with those with positive EBV DNA level (p < .001; p = .015). And patients with consistently negative EBV level were significantly associated with preferable 3‐year DFS (95.0% vs. 84.4%, p = .004), DMFS (98.3% vs. 89.4%, p = .009), and OS (100% vs. 97.6%, p = .004).ConclusionsNPC patients with consistently negative EBV DNA level performed an earlier clinical stage and negative EBV DNA level was related to preferable survival outcomes.
Pattern separation beyond the hippocampus: Ahigh‐resolution whole‐braininvestigation of mnemonic discrimination in healthy adults
Authors: Nash Michelle I. , Hodges Cooper B. , Muncy Nathan M. , Kirwan C. Brock 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEpisodic memory depends on the computational process of pattern separation in order to establish distinct memory representations of similar episodes. Studies of pattern separation in humans rely on mnemonic discrimination tasks, which have been shown to tax hippocampal‐dependent pattern separation. Although previous neuroimaging research has focused on hippocampal processing, little is known about how other brain regions, known to be involved in recognition memory performance, are involved in mnemonic discrimination tasks. Conversely, neuroimaging studies of pattern separation with whole‐brain coverage lack spatial resolution to localize activation to hippocampal subfields. In this study, 48 healthy young adult participants underwent whole‐brain high‐resolution functional MRI (fMRI) scanning while completing a mnemonic discrimination task. A priori region‐of‐interest analyses revealed activation patterns consistent with pattern separation in distinct hippocampal subregions, particularly in the subiculum. Connectivity analyses revealed a network of cortical regions consistent with the memory retrieval network where fMRI activation was correlated with hippocampal activation. An exploratory whole‐brain analysis revealed widespread activation differentially associated with performance of the mnemonic discrimination task. Taken together, these results suggest that a network of brain regions contribute to mnemonic discrimination performance, with the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex as a hub in the network displaying clear signals consistent with pattern separation and regions such as the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex particularly important for successful lure discrimination.
Radiative flow of MHD non‐Newtonian fluid by utilizing the updated version of heat flux model under Joule heating
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Alrabaiah Hussam , Nazir Umar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis exploration reports the analysis of thermal and species transportation to yields manifesting non‐Newtonian material flowing over the linear stretching sheet. Phenomena of heat transport are presented via Cattaneo–Christov heat flux definition. Mass transportation is modeled by engaging the traditional Fick's second law with updated model of mass flux including the species relaxation time. Moreover, Joule heating and radiation contribution to thermal transmission are also considered. The significant contribution of diffusion‐thermo and thermos‐diffusion is engaged in thermal and species transmission. Physical depiction of the considered scenario is modeled via boundary layer approximation. Similarity analysis has been made to transfigure the system of modeled partial differential equations into respective ordinary differential equations. Afterwards, transformed physical expressions are computed for the momentum, thermal, and species transportation inside the boundary layer.
Effect of outline curvature degree on heat transfer and flow characteristics inside dimpled tubes and spirally grooved tubes
Authors: Zhang Liang , Xiong Wei , Liang Zheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe flow behaviors and heat transfer characteristics have been studied inside the dimpled tubes and spirally grooved tubes with different curvature degrees, which is considered for the first time within the influence factors. A three‐dimensional numerical simulation by periodic boundary conditions is performed to model the fully developed flow of dimpled and grooved sections to acquire the finer mesh and more accurate results. In addition, the dimple and groove outlines with different curvature degrees are generated by polynomial functions. Effects of curvature degrees for dimpled tubes and spirally grooved tubes on flow, heat transfer, and comprehensive performances are discussed. The results indicate that the influence of curvature degrees for dimpled tubes exhibit an opposite behavior when compared with those for spirally grooved tubes. On the whole, all performance factors increase with the growing curvature degree for dimpled tubes but decrease with the increasing curvature degree for spirally grooved tubes. By comparing different curvature degrees, the maximum ranges of heat transfer enhancement are 1.50–2.22 and 2.54–2.82, respectively, for dimpled and grooved tubes with respect to Re. Thermal and hydraulic fields are considered to analyze the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement. The analysis shows that the way the dimple changes thermohydraulic properties differs from the way the groove changes the properties.
Long term high frequency sediment observatory in an alpine catchment: The Arc‐Isère rivers, France
Authors: Thollet Fabien , Rousseau Christophe , Camenen Benoit , Boubkraoui Stephane , Branger Flora , Lauters François , Némery Julien 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present a dataset on to the Arc‐Isère long‐term environmental research observatory, which is part of the Rhône Basin Long Term Environmental Research Observatory. This alpine catchment located in the French Alps is characterized by high Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) in anthropogenized valleys. Suspended Sediment Concentrations (SSC) naturally observed in the river are very high, ranging from a few tens of milligrams per litre at low flow to tens of grams per litre during major natural hydrological events (floods, debris flows) or river dam hydraulic flushes. One research objective related to this site is to better understanding the SSC dynamics along the river using a system of nested catchments (Arvan, Arc, and Isère) in order to assess both temporal and spatial dynamics. The data allow the quantification of fine sediment yields and also the evaluation of possible morphological changes due to fine sediment deposition or resuspension. Additionally, the observatory database support studies on contaminants (either dissolved or particulate contaminants). Our monitoring includes six stations with high frequency (2–30 min) streamflow, SSC measurement using turbidity sensors, and associated automatic sampling. Discharge is measured via water level measurements and a rating curve. The oldest station (Grenoble‐campus) started recording discharge and concentration data from April 2006 while others stations were built between 2009 and 2011. Data are available in an online data website called ‘Base de Données des Observatoires en Hydrologie’ (Hydrological observatory database, https://bdoh.irstea.fr/ARC-ISERE/) with a DOI reference for the dataset. The hydrological and sediment transport time series are stored, managed and made available to a wide community with unfettered access in order to be used at their full extent. This database is used as a data exchange tool for both scientists and operational end‐users and there is an associated online tool to compute integrated fluxes.
Establishment and characterization of murine models of asthma and subcutaneous immunotherapy for Humulus pollen allergy
Authors: Xi Guang P. , Zhang Qian , Yin Jia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionHumulus pollen is an important cause of allergic asthma in East Asia. There have been some murine models for Humulus pollen allergy established by intraperitoneal (IP) sensitization and nasal drip stimulation, but they were not comprehensive enough. Here, we used atomized inhalation for challenge and compared the subcutaneous (SC) and IP sensitization routes to determine the optimal method to establish a model of asthma induced by Humulus pollen. Subsequently, we tried to develop a rapid subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) model for Humulus allergy.MethodsBALB/c Mice were sensitized through the SC or IP route, with respective reference to previously established sensitization methods and allergen dosing, and challenged with nebulized Humulus pollen extract to induce asthma. To compare the two sensitization methods, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammatory cell infiltration, allergen‐specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E (sIgE) levels, cytokine levels, and lung histopathology were assessed. The effects of SCIT (once every other day for 16 days) on airway inflammation, AHR, sIgE, and allergen‐specific serum IgG2a (sIgG2a) levels were evaluated by using the model established in this study.ResultsAlthough mice sensitized by the SC or IP routes both showed AHR and airway inflammation, the SC route elicited significantly higher levels of sIgE, eosinophil inflammation, and T helper type 2 cytokines, compared with the IP route. SCIT in the treatment group significantly reduced the titers of sIgE, enhanced the titers of sIgG2a, and effectively alleviated pulmonary inflammation and AHR, compared with the vehicle group.ConclusionsThe SC route can be used to establish a murine model of Humulus pollen allergy that recapitulates the characteristics of clinical allergic asthma. Short‐term SCIT can significantly improve symptoms and pathophysiology in asthmatic mice.