bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of iron deficiency anemia on quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Jain Ajay K. , Vare Sandip , Sircar Shohini , Joshi Amit D. , Jain Deepika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdvances in the last two decades have resulted in better long‐term remissions in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), which is defined as an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disorder of the colonic mucosa. This better remission has not transformed into a better quality of life. Almost one‐third of these patients have mild to moderate anemia, which is one of the main factors leading to decreased quality of life; hence we aimed to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in UC during remission and its impact on the quality of life in this subpopulation. In this prospective study, all consecutive patients of UC in remission for the last 3 months were evaluated for disease activity by Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI), IDA by blood parameters and quality of life by Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ). All patients with proven IDA were given oral iron supplements (Ferrous Ascorbate elemental iron 100 mg) for 3 months. Blood parameters, SCCAI, and SIBDQ scores were evaluated at the end of therapy to compare them before iron supplementation. Out of 125 patients of UC seen during the study period, 69 were in remission. IDA was seen in 34 patients (49.27%). Median pre‐intervention and postintervention quality of life scores—SIBDQ (4.9 [4.2‐5.8] vs 5.4 [5.0‐6.1]) and blood parameters [hemoglobin 10.7 (9.8‐11.4) g% vs 13.2 (12.8‐13.7) g%]—showed significant improvement after iron supplementation. Prevalence of IDA in UC during remission is common (49.27%). Oral iron supplementation improves the quality of life and anemia significantly without increasing disease activity in UC under remission.
Explainable neural computation via stack neural module networks
Authors: Hu Ronghang , Andreas Jacob , Darrell Trevor , Saenko Kate 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn complex inferential tasks like question answering, machine learning models must confront two challenges: the need to implement a compositional reasoning process, and, in many applications, the need for this reasoning process to be interpretable to assist users in both development and prediction. Existing models designed to produce interpretable traces of their decision‐making process typically require these traces to be supervised at training time. In this paper, we present a novel neural modular approach that performs compositional reasoning by automatically inducing a desired subtask decomposition without relying on strong supervision. Our model allows linking different reasoning tasks through shared modules that handle common routines across tasks. Experiments show that the model is more interpretable to human evaluators compared to other state‐of‐the‐art models: users can better understand the model's underlying reasoning procedure and predict when it will succeed or fail based on observing its intermediate outputs.
Region‐specific phenological sensitivities and rates of climate warming generate divergent temporal shifts in flowering date across a species' range
Authors: Love Natalie L. R. , Mazer Susan J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseForecasting how species will respond phenologically to future changes in climate is a major challenge. Many studies have focused on estimating species‐ and community‐wide phenological sensitivities to climate to make such predictions, but sensitivities may vary within species, which could result in divergent phenological responses to climate change.MethodsWe used 743 herbarium specimens of the mountain jewelflower (Streptanthus tortuosus, Brassicaceae) collected over 112 years to investigate whether individuals sampled from relatively warm vs. cool regions differ in their sensitivity to climate and whether this difference has resulted in divergent phenological shifts in response to climate warming.ResultsDuring the past century, individuals sampled from warm regions exhibited a 20‐day advancement in flowering date; individuals in cool regions showed no evidence of a shift. We evaluated two potential drivers of these divergent responses: differences between regions in (1) the degree of phenological sensitivity to climate and (2) the magnitude of climate change experienced by plants, or (3) both. Plants sampled from warm regions were more sensitive to temperature‐related variables and were subjected to a greater degree of climate warming than those from cool regions; thus our results suggest that the greater temporal shift in flowering date in warm regions is driven by both of these factors.ConclusionsOur results are among the first to demonstrate that species exhibited intraspecific variation in sensitivity to climate and that this variation can contribute to divergent responses to climate change. Future studies attempting to forecast temporal shifts in phenology should consider intraspecific variation.
Not dead yet: Diatom resting spores can survive in nature for several millennia
Authors: Sanyal Anushree , Larsson Josefine , van Wirdum Falkje , Andrén Thomas , Moros Matthias , Lönn Mikael , Andrén Elinor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseUnderstanding the adaptive capacities of species over long timescales lies in examining the revived recent and millennia‐old resting spores buried in sediments. We show for the first time the revival, viability, and germination rate of resting spores of the diatomChaetocerosdeposited in sub‐seafloor sediments from three ages (recent: 0 to 80 years; ancient: ~1250 (Medieval Climate Anomaly) and ~6600 (Holocene Thermal Maximum) calendar year before present.MethodsRecent and ancientChaetocerosspores were revived to examine their viability and germination rate. Light and scanning electron microscopy and Sanger sequencing was done to identify the species.ResultsWe show that ~6600 cal. year BP oldChaetocerosresting spores are still viable and that the vegetative reproduction in recent and ancient resting spores varies. The time taken to germinate is three hours to 2 to 3 days in both recent and ancient spores, but the germination rate of the spores decreased with increasing age. The germination rate of the recent spores was ~41% while that of the ancient spores were ~31% and ~12% for the ~1250 and ~6600 cal. year BP old resting spores, respectively. Based on the morphology of the germinated vegetative cells we identified the species asChaetoceros muellerivar.subsalsum. Sanger sequences of nuclear and chloroplast markers identified the species asChaetoceros muelleri.ConclusionsWe identify a unique model system,Chaetoceros muellerivar. subsalsumand show that recent and ancient resting spores of the species buried in sediments in the Baltic Sea can be revived and used for long‐term evolutionary studies.
Unlocking the Potential of Hidden Sites in Faujasite: New Insights in a Proton Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Lakiss Louwanda , Kouvatas Cassandre , Gilson Jean‐Pierre , Aleksandrov Hristiyan A. , Vayssilov Georgi N. , Nesterenko Nikolai , Mintova Svetlana , Valtchev Valentin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractZeolite Y and its ultra‐stabilized hierarchical derivative (USY) are the most widely used zeolite‐based heterogeneous catalysts in oil refining, petrochemisty, and other chemicals manufacturing. After almost 60 years of academic and industrial research, their resilience is unique as no other catalyst displaced them from key processes such as FCC and hydrocracking. The present study highlights the key difference leading to the exceptional catalytic performance of USY versus the parent zeolite Y in a multi‐technique study combining advanced spectroscopies (IR and solid‐state NMR) and molecular modeling. The results highlight a hitherto unreported proton transfer involving inaccessible active sites in sodalite cages that contributes to the exceptional catalytic performance of USY.
Development of controlled release fertilizer systems for KCl using glycerol‐based polymers
Authors: Pimenta Igor F. , Figueiredo Lucas R. F. , Santos Adillys M. C. , Oliveira Juliano E. , Medeiros Eliton S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractControlled release systems were developed using biodegradable polymers/copolymers via polycondensation of glycerol with acids (citric, adipic, and succinic) with potassium chloride (KCl) 0, 10, 20, and 40 wt% followed by crosslinking at 120°C. Polymers were characterized by thermogravimetry, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. All are thermally stable up to 200°C, therefore suitable for release in countries where temperatures reach 50°C. Fractographic analysis showed rubbery (rough and ductile) and hard (smooth and brittle) polymers depending on the acid used. The release profiles showed that hydrophilic (polar) polymers are easily hydrolyzed, generating faster release reaching 52% in 120 h. Less polar polymers delay KCl release below 20% at the same time. Therefore, it was possible to adjust the release by controlling the fertilizer content and the type of polymer, designing a fast or slow release to meet the needs of a given crop.
Modulation of DNAzyme Activity via Butanol Dehydration
Authors: Li Yuqing , Zandieh Mohamad , Liu Juewen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the activity of biomolecules in cosolvent systems is important for catalysis, separation and developing biosensors. The majority of previously studied solvents are either phase separated with water or miscible with water. Butanol was recently used to extract water for the conjugation of DNA to gold nanoparticles. In this work, the effect of butanol on the activity of a few RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes was studied. A 130‐fold improvement in sensitivity for the Na+‐specific EtNa DNAzyme was observed, and butanol also improved the activity of another Na+‐specific DNAzyme, NaA43T by a few folds. However, when divalent metal ions were used for both EtNa and 17E DNAzymes, the activity was inhibited. A main driven force for enhanced DNAzyme activity is the concentration effect due to butanol dehydration. This study provides insights into the interplay between DNA, metal ions and organic solvents, and such an understanding might be useful for developing sensitive biosensors.
Model reference safety‐critical adaptive control for a class of nonlinearly parameterized systems
Authors: Zhang Zhongkui , Long Lijun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSafety is the most fundamental problem of safety‐critical systems. Safety control addresses the problem whether a given unsafe region of the state space can be avoided by a specific control‐input. Moreover, linearly parameterized dynamical system is a general assumption in most safety‐critical adaptive control literature; however, unknown parameters in real systems are usually nonlinear. The control problem of nonlinearly parameterized systems is really difficult without linear‐in‐the‐parameters (LIP) assumptions, which tends to be complicated and computationally intensive. In this paper, a novel model reference safety‐critical adaptive control (MRAC) approach is proposed for a class of nonlinearly parameterized systems. The proposed approach involves a novel controller architecture with a modified update law, which specifically filters out the unsafe behavior (the system is in a state which the system cannot operate normally, i.e., the given unsafe region), while preserving favorable tracking capability and robustness. The novelty of this paper is that the nonlinearly parameterized systems can be enforced safety, without LIP assumptions and complex calculations. Most importantly, this approach is effective for nonlinearly parameterized systems as well as linearly parameterized systems. Finally, three illustrative numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design approach.
Design and implementation of adaptive fuzzy‐RST digital speed control of PMSM drive
Authors: Toumi Djilali , Mihoub Youcef , Hassaine Said , Moreau Sandrine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis research focuses on the speed control design of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) drive system. The purpose is to develop and compare advanced control strategies: RST digital (RSTD) control and adaptive fuzzy‐RST digital (AFRSTD) control. The three control schemes proposed, synthesized, and implemented in experimental test bench in order to be evaluated and compared are: conventional PI controller, RSTD controller, and AFRSTD controller based on the proposed fuzzy system which has to adjust the RSTD polynomial coefficients online using gain scheduling technique. The objective is to improve the performances of the PMSM drive system, in order to obtain high dynamic response, an efficiency of external disturbance rejection, and considerable control robustness against parameter variations. The experimental test bench is based on a dSPACE1104 board with a 1.1‐kW PMSM supplied by 10‐kHz space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) current regulated inverter used as a power amplifier consisted of 300 V, 5‐A IGBT, and Matlab/Simulink environment. Experimental results confirm that the AFRSTD controller presents better dynamic performances and significant robustness under parameter variation.
Regioselective syntheses and analyses of phlorofucofuroeckol‐A derivatives
Authors: Kim Yongkyun , Shin Jooseok , Shin Hyeon‐cheol , Park Kwangyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhlorofucofuroeckol‐A (PFF‐A) is a phlorotannin extracted from various brown algae. PFF‐A shows low toxicity when ingested and various biochemical effects, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, and anti‐allergy properties. In this study, various di‐O‐substituted PFF‐A derivatives were synthesized by introducing alkyl or acyl groups at two specific hydroxyls out of the nine nearly equivalent phenolic OH groups present in PFF‐A. The exact molecular structures of the synthesized derivatives were analyzed using two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy, which confirmed that the substituents were regioselectively introduced at the 1OH and 6OH positions. Small amounts of three mono‐O‐substituted derivatives were generated as by‐products in this reaction, and their structures and regioselectivity were determined using 2D NMR spectroscopy. This study can provide insights into understanding the mechanism of action of eckol‐based compounds and developing new drug candidates.
Nonmetastatic breast cancer patients subsequently developing second primary malignancy: A population‐based study
Authors: Bao Shengnan , Jiang Mengping , Wang Xi , Hua Yijia , Zeng Tianyu , Yang Yiqi , Yang Fan , Yan Xueqi , Sun Chunxiao , Yang Mengzhu , Fu Ziyi , Huang Xiang , Li Jun , Wu Hao , Li Wei , Tang Jinhai , Yin Yongmei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith life span extending, breast cancer (BC) survivors may face the possibility of developing second primary cancer (SPC) and considerably shorten survivorship. However, little is known about multiple primary cancer (MPC) patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer as a first primary malignancy (BCFPM).MethodsHere, we retrospectively analyzed data on cancer survivors with BCFPM diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The prognostic factors for breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) were ascertained by the stepwise regression analysis and a competing risk model, and were integrated to the establishment of prognostic nomogram, of which the accuracy was measured by the calibration curve and the concordance index (C‐index).ResultsIn total, 8616 patients were identified with 4.6% of 3‐year breast cancer‐ specific death (BCSD) and 8.6% of 5‐year BCSD. The most common SPC among BCFPM patients were female BC and lung cancer. Besides, the median latency time between BC and SPC was 22 months. At a ratio of 7:3, all patients were randomly categorized into a training cohort (n = 6032) and a validation cohort (n = 2584). By a proportional subdistribution hazards regression analysis, the following factors were considered to own independent prognostic abilities of BCSS: subtypes, grade, T classification, N classification, radiation, and sites of SPC. The nomogram could accurately predict 3‐year and 5‐year breast cancer‐associated survival of BCFPM patients with high internal and external validated C‐index, 0.715 (95% CI, 0.691–0.739), and 0.683 (95% CI, 0.642–0.724), respectively.ConclusionsBC survivors remained a high risk of developing SPC and considerably shortened survival time. In this study, a favorable nomogram was constructed to as a prediction model for 3‐year and 5‐year BCSS of BCFPM patients, largely intending to prolong the life of these patients by assisting clinicians to make individualized follow‐up plans.
Sexual Trauma in Childhood and Adulthood as Predictors of Psychotic‐like Experiences: The Mediating Role of Dissociation
Authors: O'Neill Tara , Maguire Aaron , Shevlin Mark 
Published: October 2021

Research has highlighted the role of dissociation in understanding the trauma–psychosis relationship. Moreover, it has been proposed that the association between trauma and psychotic symptoms may be both directly and indirectly explained by dissociative processes. The current study sought to investigate the relationship between age at first sexual trauma, dissociative experiences and psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) in 269 female trauma survivors (overall mean age = 32.11, SD = 10.55). Mediation analyses were employed to estimate the direct effects of childhood sexual abuse (CSA; mean age at abuse onset = 6.53, SD = 3.98) and adult sexual assault (ASA; mean age at abuse onset = 18.72, SD = 2.59) on PLEs, and the indirect effects via the three subscales of absorption, depersonalisation and amnesia. The findings showed that the CSA group was significantly associated with each of the three dissociation variables (p < 0.01 for each variable), while the ASA group was significantly associated with absorption and depersonalisation (p < 0.01 for each variable). Depersonalisation partially mediated the effect between CSA and PLEs, whereas the relationship between ASA and PLEs was fully mediated via depersonalisation. The findings are consistent with, and complement, models implicating depersonalisation as a unique mechanism in the pathways between sexually based victimisation and PLEs.Key Practitioner Messages

CSA and ASA have both direct and indirect impacts on later psychological symptoms. Elucidating mechanisms by which sexual trauma leads to the transition to PLEs should be instrumental in treatment formulation.
Depersonalisation is a complementary mechanism in the link between sexually based trauma and PLEs. Evaluating dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs is crucial for therapeutic intervention as these may contribute to the development and maintenance of symptoms.
‘Investigate[s] the relationship between age at first sexual trauma, dissociative experiences and psychotic‐like experiences… in 269 female trauma survivors’
Improved Productivity of NAD+ Reduction under Forced Convection in Aerated Solutions
Authors: Le Thi Xuan Huong , Gajdar Julius , Vilà Neus , Celzard Alain , Fierro Vanessa , Walcarius Alain , Lapicque François , Etienne Mathieu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe regeneration of the NADH cofactor is crucial for bioelectrocatalytic reactors. This can be achieved by using an electrochemical mediator such as the rhodium complex [Cp*Rh(bpy)Cl]+, but the overall reduction process suffers from the interference of molecular oxygen. This interference can be avoided by using a second porous working electrode (acting as a real oxygen filter) positioned near the surface of the first working electrode. To fabricate the oxygen filter, platinum particles were deposited on the surface of a carbon paper. NADH could be produced in the presence of the oxygen filter with a faradaic yield at 63.4 %, very close to the yields obtained without the filter at 61.7 % in a fully N2‐degased medium, and only at 10.6 % in the presence of oxygen. Moreover, the productivity was also increased by nearly a factor of four. Therefore, the proposed concept of the oxygen filter offers a new avenue in the current strategies for NADH regeneration in biocatalytic reactors based on electrochemical methods.
Non‐Covalent Interactions between Chiral Phosphate and Lanthanide Ion by Chiroptical Spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Tao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChiroptical spectroscopy is instrumental in chiral recognition studies. Induced circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of europium(III) aqua ion in optically active phosphate solution was observed on a standard Raman optical activity (ROA) spectrometer. The ROA‐CPL method displays characteristic CPL couplet of Eu‐phosphate interactions avoiding the participation of costly antenna chromophore. Similar CPL patterns pertaining 5D0→7F1 transition was also observed in other europium(III) complexes able to bind with phosphate. Titration data and simulations revealed the presence of hydrogen bond between the phosphate group and water molecules surrounding the metal core.
X‐band Scattering Characteristics of Nickel/Nanocarbon Composites for Anti‐tracking Application
Authors: Alegaonkar Ashwini P. , Tripathi Krishna C. , Baskey Himangshu B. , Pardeshi Satish K. , Alegaonkar Prashant S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCreating clutter in high resolution seeking trackers is of tactical importance which could be achieved by the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Herein, we report on X‐band (8–12 GHz) scattering performance of nickel/nano‐carbon‐composites for architecting an effective EMI shield. Composite material is prepared by facile, one step, solid state combustion technique with variable 1–5 Ni % and characterized using x‐ray diffractometry, infrared‐,uv‐visible, energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopic techniques, and scanning electron microscopy. Further, composite, transformed into coaxial and rectangular shaped specimens, are subjected to s‐parameter and reflection loss studies, respectively, over 8–12 GHz. In analysis, incorporation of Ni, majorly, forms crystalline NiO (d[111]) and Ni2O3 (d[002]) phases dispersed within the nanocarbon network which are responsible to create asymmetric stretching bond between Ni−O−C (
∼1130 cm−1). Dispersion facilitates synergistic magneto‐dielectric coupling to provide long range ordering of polarization, mainly, via electronic transitions between Ni−3d to O−2p states to engage incident microwave power effectively. At highest Ni inclusion, composite showed>95 % shielding effectiveness with infinite bandwidth and>99 % return loss@8.97 GHz matching frequency.
Ion Pair Supramolecular Structure Identified by ATR‐FTIR Spectroscopy and Simulations in Explicit Solvent**
Authors: Donon Jeremy , Habka Sana , Very Thibaut , Charnay‐Pouget Florence , Mons Michel , Aitken David J. , Brenner Valérie , Gloaguen Eric 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present work uses ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy assisted by simulations in explicit solvent and frequency calculations to investigate the supramolecular structure of carboxylate alkali‐metal ion pairs in aqueous solutions. ATR‐FTIR spectra in the 0.25–4.0 M concentration range displayed cation‐specific behaviors, which enabled the measurement of the appearance concentration thresholds of contact ion pairs between 1.9 and 2.6 M depending on the cation. Conformational explorations performed using a non‐local optimization method associated to a polarizable force‐field (AMOEBA), followed by high quantum chemistry level (RI‐B97‐D3/dhf‐TZVPP) optimizations, mode‐dependent scaled harmonic frequency calculations and electron density analyses, were used to identify the main supramolecular structures contributing to the experimental spectra. A thorough analysis enables us to reveal the mechanisms responsible for the spectroscopic sensitivity of the carboxylate group and the respective role played by the cation and the water molecules, highlighting the necessity of combining advanced experimental and theoretical techniques to provide a fair and accurate description of ion pairing.