bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Abundance and Persistence of Plunging Flows in Bedrock Canyons
Authors: Hurson Max , Venditti Jeremy G. , Rennie Colin D. , Kwoll Eva , Fairweather Kirsti , Haught Dan , Ansari Saber , Kusack Kyle M. , Church Michael 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLandscape scale bedrock erosion is the integration of bedrock erosion at the reach scale, which is driven by particle impacts from sediment transport caused by near‐bed hydraulics. Plunging flow hydraulics have been identified in bedrock canyons and cause velocity profile inversions, which enhance near‐bed velocities, sediment transport, and the potential for bedrock erosion. Observations of plunging flows are limited, and the frequency and statistical properties of this hydraulic phenomenon have not been investigated. Here, we define metrics to identify velocity inversions and use them to detect instances of plunging flows through a 375 km reach of the Fraser River where channel morphology is controlled by bedrock. Isolated plunging flows are identified as well as plunging flow complexes where a series of plunges cause the core of maximum velocity to remain depressed in the water column for a prolonged distance. A significant relationship between plunging flows and bedrock exposure is identified, and plunging flows occupy more than half of the bedrock confined reaches. Stronger plunging flows are correlated with deeper and narrower channels with higher maximum shear stresses. Plunging flows are also concentrated in steeper reaches, which likely represent knickzones in the river profile. We use particle abrasion‐based bedrock erosion models to show that plunging flows drive reach‐scale incisions in bedrock rivers, creating deep bedrock pools. These pools dominate the incision into the bedrock, which sets the base level for their drainage areas and in turn sets the pace of landscape evolution.
Kinematics of Active Deformation and Possible Segmentation of Seismic Slip Along the Foothills of the Western Kunlun (China)
Authors: Guilbaud C. , Simoes M. , Van der Woerd J. , Baby G. , Barrier L. , Li H. , Pan J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau stands as a prominent topographic feature at the Earth's surface, characterized by intense seismic activity, in particular along its bounding mountain ranges. To the northwest, the Western Kunlun Range has received increasing attention since the 2015 Pishan earthquake but its kinematics of deformation remain to be properly documented. Here, we analyze the terrace record of active deformation along the Karakash River, where it crosses the Hotan anticline. We date terraces using in situ produced cosmogenic isotopes, and show that terrace incision and uplift are spatially correlated with blind duplex ramps beneath the anticline. From there, we quantify the slip rate of the overall duplex to be 1.2–2.8 mm/yr over the last ∼250 kyr. Our data are not able to resolve the detailed kinematics on each blind ramp and we cannot exclude that several of them are active at places along the anticline. By comparing to available data, we propose that the system of blind structures all along the foothills of the Western Kunlun has an overall slip rate of ∼2 mm/yr. However, the way this slip rate is partitioned on the various blind ramps is expected to vary along strike. The structural segmentation of the foothills may therefore explain the moderate recorded seismicity in this region. Because this slip is transmitted upward and forward onto the Mazar Tagh wide and geometrically simple frontal thrust sheet, we question the possibility of large—but rare—earthquakes rupturing this structure.
CD300E+ macrophages facilitate liver regeneration after splenectomy in decompensated cirrhotic patients
Authors: Yang Tao , Zhang Yuan , Duan Chujun , Liu Hui , Wang Dong , Liang Qingshan , Chen Xiao , Ma Jingchang , Cheng Kun , Chen Yong , Zhuang Ran , Yin Jikai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is prognostically associated with poor life expectancy owing to subsequent liver failure. Thus, understanding liver regeneration processes during cirrhotic injury is highly important. This study explored the role of macrophage heterogeneity in liver regeneration following splenectomy. We collected detailed clinical information from 54 patients with decompensated cirrhosis before and after splenectomy. Obvious liver regeneration was observed after splenectomy in cirrhotic patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on three paired liver tissues from patients before and after surgery to explore the immune microenvironment map and the characteristics of liver regeneration-associated macrophages (RAMs). scRNA-seq analysis revealed that the composition of hepatic immune cells changed after splenectomy; among these changes, the proportion of CD300E+ RAMs significantly increased after surgery, and high expression levels of functional genes associated with cell proliferation promoted liver regeneration. Moreover, a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis and a coculture system consisting of primary bone marrow-derived macrophages and hepatocytes were established for validation. We observed a similar phenomenon of liver regeneration in cirrhotic mice and further confirmed that CD300E+ monocyte-derived macrophages facilitated hepatocyte NAD+ synthesis via the secretion of NAMPT, which subsequently promoted hepatocyte proliferation. This study characterized the hepatic immune microenvironment in patients with cirrhosis following splenectomy. Our findings demonstrated that CD300E+ macrophages play a crucial role in remodeling the hepatic immune microenvironment after splenectomy, thereby promoting liver regeneration in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. CD300E+ macrophages are anticipated to emerge as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver cirrhosis.
The guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK5 negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation and BMP2-induced bone regeneration via the MKK3/6 and p38 signaling pathways
Authors: Kim Ju Ang , Im Soomin , Lim Jiwon , Hong Jung Min , Ihn Hye Jung , Bae Jong-Sup , Kim Jung-Eun , Bae Yong Chul , Park Eui Kyun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
DOCK5 (dedicator of cytokinesis 5), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1, has been implicated in BMP2-mediated osteoblast differentiation, but its specific role in osteogenesis and bone regeneration remained unclear. This study investigated the effect of DOCK5 on bone regeneration using C21, a DOCK5 chemical inhibitor, and Dock5-deficient mice. Osteoblast differentiation and bone regeneration were analyzed using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and various animal models. C21 significantly enhanced osteoblast differentiation and mineral deposition in mouse MC3T3-E1 cells and in human and mouse BMSCs. Dock5 knockout (KO) mice exhibited increased bone mass and mineral apposition rate, with their BMSCs showing enhanced osteoblast differentiation. Calvarial defect and ectopic bone formation models demonstrated significant induction of bone regeneration in Dock5 KO mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Moreover, DOCK5 inhibition by C21 in WT mice enhanced BMP2-induced subcutaneous ectopic bone formation. The mechanism responsible for enhanced bone formation induced by DOCK5 inhibition may involve the suppression of Rac1 under TAK1, accompanied by the activation of MKK3/6 and p38 induced by BMP2. These findings strongly suggest that DOCK5 negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation and bone regeneration through signaling pathways involving TAK1, MKK3/6, and p38, providing new insights into potential therapeutic strategies for bone regeneration.
Portable astronomical observation system based on large-aperture concentric-ring metalens
Authors: Wang Jianli , Deng Yongting , Wang Chengmiao , Lin Yu , Han Yeming , Liu Junchi , Liu Xiufeng , Li Hongwen , Korvink Jan G. , Deng Yongbo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe core advantage of metalenses over traditional bulky lenses lies in their thin volume and lightweight. Nevertheless, as the application scenarios of metalenses extend to the macro-scale optical imaging field, a contradiction arises between the increasing demand for large-aperture metalenses and the synchronous rise in design and processing costs. In response to the application requirements of metalens with diameter reaching the order of 104λ or even 105λ, this paper proposes a novel design method for fixed-height concentric-ring metalenses, wherein, under the constraints of the processing technology, a subwavelength 2D building unit library is constructed based on different topological structures, and the overall cross-section of the metalens is assembled. Compared to global structural optimization, this approach reduces computational resources and time consumption by several orders of magnitude while maintaining nearly identical focusing efficiency. As a result, a concentric-ring metalens with a designed wavelength of 632.8 nm and a diameter of 46.8 mm was developed, and a quasi-telecentric telescope system composed of aperture stop and metalens was constructed, achieving high-resolution detection within a 20° field of view. In the subsequent experiments, the unique weak polarization dependence and narrowband adaptability of the meta-camera are quantitatively analyzed and tested, and excellent imaging results were finally obtained. Our work not only ensures the narrowband optical performance but also promotes the simplicity and light weight of the metalens based telescopic system, which further advances the deep application of large-diameter metalenses in the field of astronomical observation.
Enhanced sensitivity via non-Hermitian topology
Authors: Parto Midya , Leefmans Christian , Williams James , Gray Robert M. , Marandi Alireza 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSensors are indispensable tools of modern life that are ubiquitously used in diverse settings ranging from smartphones and autonomous vehicles to the healthcare industry and space technology. By interfacing multiple sensors that collectively interact with the signal to be measured, one can go beyond the signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) attainable by the individual constituting elements. Such techniques have also been implemented in the quantum regime, where a linear increase in the SNR has been achieved via using entangled states. Along similar lines, coupled non-Hermitian systems have provided yet additional degrees of freedom to obtain better sensors via higher-order exceptional points. Quite recently, a new class of non-Hermitian systems, known as non-Hermitian topological sensors (NTOS) has been theoretically proposed. Remarkably, the synergistic interplay between non-Hermiticity and topology is expected to bestow such sensors with an enhanced sensitivity that grows exponentially with the size of the sensor network. Here, we experimentally demonstrate NTOS using a network of photonic time-multiplexed resonators in the synthetic dimension represented by optical pulses. By judiciously programming the delay lines in such a network, we realize the archetypal Hatano-Nelson model for our non-Hermitian topological sensing scheme. Our experimentally measured sensitivities for different lattice sizes confirm the characteristic exponential enhancement of NTOS. We show that this peculiar response arises due to the combined synergy between non-Hermiticity and topology, something that is absent in Hermitian topological lattices. Our demonstration of NTOS paves the way for realizing sensors with unprecedented sensitivities.
Strongly absorbing molecules make tissue transparent: a new insight for understanding tissue optical clearing
Authors: Yu Tingting , Zhu Dan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOptical imaging plays a central role in the field of biomedicine, but it suffers from the light scattering of tissues. The research group from Stanford University has reported a counterintuitive observation that strongly absorbing molecules could achieve optical transparency in live animals, providing a new insight for understanding tissue optical clearing. It empowers scientists to leverage optical imaging techniques for in vivo observation of a wide range of deep-seated structures and activities.
Electromagnetic metamaterial agent
Authors: Hu Shengguo , Li Mingyi , Xu Jiawen , Zhang Hongrui , Zhang Shanghang , Cui Tie Jun , del Hougne Philipp , Li Lianlin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMetamaterials have revolutionized wave control; in the last two decades, they evolved from passive devices via programmable devices to sensor-endowed self-adaptive devices realizing a user-specified functionality. Although deep-learning techniques play an increasingly important role in metamaterial inverse design, measurement post-processing and end-to-end optimization, their role is ultimately still limited to approximating specific mathematical relations; the metamaterial is still limited to serving as proxy of a human operator, realizing a predefined functionality. Here, we propose and experimentally prototype a paradigm shift toward a metamaterial agent (coined metaAgent) endowed with reasoning and cognitive capabilities enabling the autonomous planning and successful execution of diverse long-horizon tasks, including electromagnetic (EM) field manipulations and interactions with robots and humans. Leveraging recently released foundation models, metaAgent reasons in high-level natural language, acting upon diverse prompts from an evolving complex environment. Specifically, metaAgent’s cerebrum performs high-level task planning in natural language via a multi-agent discussion mechanism, where agents are domain experts in sensing, planning, grounding, and coding. In response to live environmental feedback within a real-world setting emulating an ambient-assisted living context (including human requests in natural language), our metaAgent prototype self-organizes a hierarchy of EM manipulation tasks in conjunction with commanding a robot. metaAgent masters foundational EM manipulation skills related to wireless communications and sensing, and it memorizes and learns from past experience based on human feedback.
Donor MHC-specific thymus vaccination allows for immunocompatible allotransplantation
Authors: Liu Yang , Feng Hexi , Li Ke , Li Ruiyi , Zhang Xiao-Jie , Tian Ye , Fang Yujiang , Zhou Yanjie , Liu Ling , Zhang Xiaoqing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Organ transplantation is the last-resort option to treat organ failure. However, less than 10% of patients benefit from this only option due to lack of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched donor organs and 25%–80% of donated organs could not find MHC-matched recipients. T cell allorecognition is the principal mechanism for allogeneic graft rejection. We herein present a “donor MHC-specific thymus vaccination” (DMTV) strategy to induce T cell tolerance to both autologous and allogeneic donor MHC. Allogeneic MHC molecules were expressed in the recipient thymus through adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery, which led to stable expression of allogeneic MHC together with the autologous MHC in the engineered thymus. During local T cell education, those T cells recognizing either autologous MHC or allogeneic MHC were equally depleted. We constructed C57BL/6-MHC and BALB/c-MHC dual immunocompatible mice via thymus vaccination of C57BL/6-MHC into the BALB/c thymus and observed long-term graft tolerance after transplantation of C57BL/6 skin and C57BL/6 mouse embryonic stem cells into the vaccinated BALB/c mice. We also validated our DMTV strategy in a bone marrow, liver, thymus (BLT)-humanized mouse model for immunocompatible allotransplantation of human embryonic stem cells. Our study suggests that the DMTV strategy is a potent avenue to introduce a donor compatible immune system in recipients, which overcomes the clinical dilemma of the extreme shortage of MHC-matched donor organs for treating patients with end-stage organ failure.
Sequential STING and CD40 agonism drives massive expansion of tumor-specific T cells in liposomal peptide vaccines
Authors: Ostroumov Dmitrij , Benne Naomi , Lozano Vigario Fernando , Escalona-Rayo Oscar , Dodz Ksenia , Sauer Sarah , Suhl Lena Luisa , Wedemeyer Hans Heiner , Kühnel Florian , Slütter Bram , Wirth Thomas Christian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The clinical use of cancer vaccines is hampered by the low magnitude of induced T-cell responses and the need for repetitive antigen stimulation. Here, we demonstrate that liposomal formulations with incorporated STING agonists are optimally suited to deliver peptide antigens to dendritic cells in vivo and to activate dendritic cells in secondary lymphoid organs. One week after liposomal priming, systemic administration of peptides and a costimulatory agonistic CD40 antibody enables ultrarapid expansion of T cells, resulting in massive expansion of tumor-specific T cells in the peripheral blood two weeks after priming. In the MC-38 colon cancer model, this synthetic prime-boost regimen induces rapid regression and cure of large established subcutaneous cancers via the use of a single tumor-specific neoantigen. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of liposome-based heterologous vaccination regimens to increase the therapeutic efficacy of peptide vaccines in the context of immunogenic adjuvants and costimulatory booster immunizations. Our results provide a rationale for the further development of modern liposomal peptide vaccines for cancer therapy.
Formation of individual stripes in a mixed-dimensional cold-atom Fermi–Hubbard system
Authors: Bourgund Dominik , Chalopin Thomas , Bojović Petar , Schlömer Henning , Wang Si , Franz Titus , Hirthe Sarah , Bohrdt Annabelle , Grusdt Fabian , Bloch Immanuel , Hilker Timon A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe relation between d-wave superconductivity and stripes is fundamental to the understanding of ordered phases in high-temperature cuprate superconductors1–6. These phases can be strongly influenced by anisotropic couplings, leading to higher critical temperatures, as emphasized by the recent discovery of superconductivity in nickelates7–10. Quantum simulators with ultracold atoms provide a versatile platform to engineer such couplings and to observe emergent structures in real space with single-particle resolution. Here we show, to our knowledge, the first signatures of individual stripes in a cold-atom Fermi–Hubbard quantum simulator using mixed-dimensional (mixD) settings. Increasing the energy scale of hole–hole attraction to the spin exchange energy, we access the interesting crossover temperature regime in which stripes begin to form11. We observe extended, attractive correlations between hole dopants and find an increased probability of forming larger structures akin to individual stripes. In the spin sector, we study correlation functions up to the third order and find results consistent with stripe formation. These observations are interpreted as a precursor to the stripe phase, which is characterized by interleaved charge and spin density wave ordering with fluctuating lines of dopants separating domains of opposite antiferromagnetic order12–14.
Structural diversity of axonemes across mammalian motile cilia
Authors: Leung Miguel Ricardo , Sun Chen , Zeng Jianwei , Anderson Jacob R. , Niu Qingwei , Huang Wei , Noteborn Willem E. M. , Brown Alan , Zeev-Ben-Mordehai Tzviya , Zhang Rui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Reproduction, development and homeostasis depend on motile cilia, whose rhythmic beating is powered by a microtubule-based molecular machine called the axoneme. Although an atomic model of the axoneme is available for the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
1, structures of mammalian axonemes are incomplete1–5. Furthermore, we do not fully understand how molecular structures of axonemes vary across motile-ciliated cell types in the body. Here we use cryoelectron microscopy, cryoelectron tomography and proteomics to resolve the 96-nm modular repeat of axonemal doublet microtubules (DMTs) from both sperm flagella and epithelial cilia of the oviduct, brain ventricles and respiratory tract. We find that sperm DMTs are the most specialized, with epithelial cilia having only minor differences across tissues. We build a model of the mammalian sperm DMT, defining the positions and interactions of 181 proteins including 34 newly identified proteins. We elucidate the composition of radial spoke 3 and uncover binding sites of kinases associated with regeneration of ATP and regulation of ciliary motility. We discover a sperm-specific, axoneme-tethered T-complex protein ring complex (TRiC) chaperone that may contribute to construction or maintenance of the long flagella of mammalian sperm. We resolve axonemal dyneins in their prestroke states, illuminating conformational changes that occur during ciliary movement. Our results illustrate how elements of chemical and mechanical regulation are embedded within the axoneme, providing valuable resources for understanding the aetiology of ciliopathy and infertility, and exemplifying the discovery power of modern structural biology.
Dual electron transfer path and LSPR photothermal enhancement in BiOCl@ZnIn2S4 heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution, H2O2 production and tetracycline removal
Authors: Wu Fan , Wu Guangyu , Tang Yonggong , Pan Yuwei , Han Jiangang , Zhang Jin , Xing Weinan , Huang Yudong 
Published: January 2025

The well-designed catalyst structure can significantly enhance the efficiency of the photocatalytic H2, H2O2 and degradation of TC. This study offers novel insights into constructing a visible photothermal assisted photocatalytic reaction system.
Lightweight on‐edge clustering for wireless AI‐driven applications
Authors: Kadhim Mustafa Raad , Lu Guangxi , Shi Yinong , Wang Jianbo , Kui Wu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAdvanced wireless communication is important in distribution systems for sharing information among Internet of Things (IoT) edges. Artificial intelligence (AI) analyzed the generated IoT data to make these decisions, ensuring efficient and effective operations. These technologies face significant security challenges, such as eavesdropping and adversarial attacks. Recent studies addressed this issue by using clustering analysis (CA) to uncover hidden patterns to provide AI models with clear interpretations. The high volume of overlapped samples in IoT data affects partitioning, interpretation, and reliability of CAs. Recent CA models have integrated machine learning techniques to address these issues, but struggle in the limited resources of IoT environments. These challenges are addressed by proposing a novel unsupervised lightweight distance clustering (DC) model based on data separation (). raises the tension between samples using cannot‐link relations to separate the overlap, thus DC provides the interpretations. The optimal time and space complexity enables DC‐ to be implemented on on‐edge computing, reducing data transmission overhead, and improving the robustness of the AI‐IoT application. Extensive experiments were conducted across various datasets under different circumstances. The results show that the data separated by improved the efficiency of the proposed solution, with DC outperforming the baseline model.