bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell culture model vaccine trial against equine influenza
Authors: Yondonjamts Enkhmandakh , Dashzevge Erdenechimeg , Enkhbaatar Batmagnai , Gantulga Ariunbold , Myagmarsuren Odonchimeg , Tsend-Ayuush Numsuren , Sukhbaatar Usukhgerel , Bazartseren Boldbaatar 
Published: June 2021

The main goal of our study was to develop a cell culture based vaccine model for equine influenza virus and within the purpose, a total of 161 equine nasal swabs were collected to detect the equine influenza virus and 15 (9.3%) samples were tested as positive with haemagglutination test (HA assay). From these positive swabs, equine influenza virus (EIV) was inoculated in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line. The infected cell-culture fluid was inactivated with 2-Bromoethylamine Hydrobromide and mixed with MONTANIDE ISA 206 oil-based adjuvant (acid) at ratio 1: 1. The purity, toxicity, viscosity, stability, and activity of the newly prepared vaccine model was analyzed. According to our experimental results, the vaccinated horse developed an antibody titer against equine influenza 1:64-1: 128 at 30 days after the first injection, and the titer was increased at 1: 128-1: 256 at 60 days after the first injection and gradually decreased to 1: 16-1:32 at 180 days. These results showed that the vaccine model is active for 6 months.
Адууны томуу өвчний эсийн өсгөвөрт вакцины загвар бэлтгэн туршсан дүн
Бидний судалгааны ажлын гол зорилго нь адууны томуу өвчний эсийн өсгөвөрт вакцины загвар гарган авах бөгөөд зорилгын хүрээнд адууны томуу өвчний нутгийн үүсгэгчийг илрүүлэхээр нийт 161 адууны хамрын арчдас цуглуулж, цус наалдуулах урвалаар шалгахад 15(9.3%) дээж эерэг дүн үзүүлсэн. Эдгээр эерэг дүн үзүүлсэн арчдаснаас MDCK дамжмал эсийн өсгөвөрт халдвар хийв. Хураан авсан эмгэгт шингэнийг 2-Bromoethylamine Hydrobromide бодисоор идэвхгүйжүүлээд, MONTANIDE ISA 206 тосон суурьт адьювант (хүчлүүр) бодистой 1:1 харьцаатай хольж вакцины загварыг бэлтгэсэн. Бэлтгэсэн вакцины загварын ариун чанар, хорон чанар, зуурамтгай байдал, тогтвортой байдал болон идэвхит чанарыг шалгалаа. Бидний хийсэн туршилтын дүнгээс үзвэл вакцин таригдсан адууны анхны тарилтын дараа 30 хоногтоо 1.64-1:128 таньцтай дархлаа тогтсон бөгөөд 60 дахь хоногтоо 1:128-1:256 таньцтай болж хадгалагдан тэр нь аажмаар буурч 180 хоногтоо 1:16-1:32 таньцтай болсон байна. Үр дүнгээс харахад бидний бэлтгэсэн вакцины загвар нь 6 сарын хугацаанд хамгаалах идэвхитэй байна.
Түлхүүр үг: Томуу, вирус, MDCK эс , вакцин
Studies of endophytic fungi in some grassland plants
Authors: Altansukh Goomaral , Zorigtbaatar Nyamtseren , Sumiya Oyunsuvd , Jamsran Undarmaa 
Published: June 2021

Most endophytes have beneficial properties for host plants, and some endophytic fungi are relatively harmless to plants, but some endophytic fungi can harm for animals. Thus, based on the study of edible plant of animals, we isolated from 2017 and 2018 years 71 pure cultures of endophytic fungi from the roots, stems and leaves of 6 plant species, such as Artemisia Frigida, Allium Bidentatum, Artenisia Adamsii, Kochia Prostrarta, Stipa Krylovii, Carex Duriuscula,. Based on the results we isolate seventy-one fungal strains from plant organs.The fungal strains identified based on their morphological characteristics such as Alternaria (16), Aspergillus (21), Fusarium (23), Pennicilium (6), Phoma (2), Trihoderma harzianum (2), Pestalotiopsis sp (1).Three classes, Dothiodeomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes have been identified in the DNA phylogenetic tree of the genomes of most edible plants of animal. According to the Statistical analysis of DCA process, Penicillium and Fusarium were found in 2017, and Aspegillus and Phoma were found in 2018. These differences suggest that different environmental parameters such as precipitation, temperature, humidity or seasonality play an important role in the distribution of endophytes.
Бэлчээрийн зарим ургамлын эндофит мөөгөнцрийн судалгаа
Ихэнх эндофитууд нь эзэн ургамалдаа ашигтай шинж чанар үзүүлдэг ба цөөхөн хэдэн эндофит мөөгөнцөр ургамлдаа өвчин үүсгэгч гэх үзүүлэх сөрөг нөлөө нь харьцангүй бага боловч мал гэмтээдэг болохыг тогтоосон байдаг. Иймд бид ургамлын идэмжийн судалгаанд тулгуурлан улирал тус бүрт мал сонгон идэж буй шивээт Хялгана, шүдлэг Сонгино, дэлхээ Тогторгоно, ширэг Улалж, агь Шарилж, адамсийн Шарилж зэрэг 6 зүйл ургамлын үндэс, иш, навчнаас эндофит мөөгөнцрийн 71 цэвэр өсгөвөр ялгасан. Ургамлын эрхтэн тус бүрээс цэвэр өсгөврийн төрлийн хамаарлыг морфологи шинж чанараар тодорхойлоход 7 төрөлд хамаарагдав. Үүнд: Ихэнх ургамлын өсгөвөрөөр Alternaria (16), Aspergillus (21), Fusarium (23), Pennicilium (6), Phoma (2), Trihoderma harzianum (2), Pestalotiopsis sp (1). Мал голлон иддэг ургамлын геномын ДНХ-н филогенетикийн мод хийхэд Dothiodeomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Sordariomycetes гэсэн гурван анги илэрсэн. Статистик боловсруулалтын төсөөний процетоор (DCA) тодорхойлход Penicillium, Fusarium мөөгөнцөр 2017 онд илэрч байсан бол, 2018 онд Aspegillus, Phoma төрлийн мөөгөнцөр илэрч байна. Эдгээр ялгаа нь эндофитын тархалтад хур тунадас, агаарын температур, чийгшил эсвэл улирлын байдал зэрэг орчны янз бүрийн параметрүүд чухал үүрэг гүйцэтгэдэг болохыг харуулж байна.
Түлхүүр үг: Мөөгөнцөр, эндофит, цэвэр өсгөвөр, молекул биологи
Possibility of obtaining inulin from the tubers of Helianthus tuberosus L and Inula helenium L
Authors: Namjil Erdenechimeg , Ganzorig Oyundari , Bayarsaikhan Orgilmaa , Byambaa Munkhtsetseg , Barkhuu Bayarmaa 
Published: June 2021

Inulin is a natural polysaccharide abundant in plants. In the latest decades, in Mongolia, have been cultivated some plants which used in traditional medicine. Inulin polysaccharides were isolated from the roots of the Helianthus tuberosus L. and Inula helenium L. by ultrasound-assisted, microwave extraction, and conventional extraction methods. This polysaccharide is light yellow, tasteless, powder. The polysaccharide structure was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The poly fructose content of the Helianthus tuberosus L. ranged from 69 to 84%; in comparison, Inula helenium L ranged from 13 to 51%. The IR-FT spectra revealed typical inulin structure - 820, 876, and 937 cm-1 with terminated α-D-glucose residue.
Булцуут цэцэг (Helianthus tuberosus l.) Өндөр зоосон цэцэг (Inula helenium l.) -ийн үндэснээс инулин гарган авах боломж
Инулин нь ургамалд элбэг байдаг байгалийн полисахарид бөгөөд манай оронд инулинаар баялаг зарим төрлийн ургамлыг амжилттай нутагшуулан тарималжуулж байгаа билээ. Манай оронд нутагшсан Булцуут цэцэг (Helianthus tuberosus L.) болон Өндөр зоосон цэцэг (Inula helenium L.) ургамлын үндэснээс инулин полисахаридыг хэт авиа (ХА), богино долгион (БД) болон уламжлалт хандлах аргын тусламжтайгаар ялган авлаа. Энэ полисахарид нь ямар нэгэн амтгүй, цайвар шаргал өнгөтэй, нунтаг хэлбэртэй. Уг полисахаридын бүтцийг нил улаан туяаны спектроскопийн (FT-IR) аргаар баталгаажуулсан ба инулины агууламжийг нийт фруктозод шилжүүлэн тооцов. Булцуут цэцгийн полифруктаны агууламж 69-84%, Өндөр зоосон цэцгийнх 13-51% хооронд хэлбэлзэж байсан бөгөөд богино долгионы тусламжтай ялган авсан инулины полифруктаны агууламж хамгийн өндөр байв. НУТ-ны спектрийн шингээлтээр инулины бүтцийн гол зурвасууд нь 820, 876 саяны хэсэгт болон фураноз хэлбэртэй b-D-фруктоз, харин 937 см-1 саяны хэсэгт пираноз хэлбэртэй a-D-глюкозын үлдэгдэл байгааг харуулж байна.
Түлхүүр үг: булцуут цэцэг, инулин, НУТ спектроскоп, өндөр зоосон цэцэг, полифруктан
Biochemical Study of Wild and Cultivated Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries
Authors: Munkhjargal Odonchimeg , Byambaa Munkhtsetseg , Damdindorj Mungunnaran , Barkhuu Bayarmaa 
Published: June 2021

From over 150 species of berries belong to family Grossulariceae and genus Ribes, blackcurrants (Ribesnigrum L.) arewidely used, yet most beneficial berries in traditional medicine as well as in food. Blackcurrant berries known for not only for their extended storage of Vitamin C, but also high content of biologically active ingredients. Vitamin C stored in blackcurrant berries is relatively stable, does not get degraded during plantation, supports immune system, and has detoxicant and antioxidant properties.
In this research we studied certain biochemical properties of cultivated, and blackcurrant berries grown in wild. We determined total carbohydrates 13.6-15.8%, simple carbohydrates 10.8-11.9%, total phenols 339.2-514.4 mg/g, total flavonoids 105.0-320.0 mg/g, and vitamin C 239-305 mg/% contained in cultivated, as well in wild blackcurrant berries. These results demonstrate the feasibility of producing all-natural biologically active compounds that support health from juices of both cultivated, and wild blackcurrant berries.
Зэрлэг болон таримал үхэр нүд (Ribes nigrum l.) жимсний
биохимийн судалгаа
Үхэр нүд (Ribesnigrum L.) жимс нь Сэрдэгийн овог, Тошлойн төрөлд хамаарах 150 гаруй зүйлээс уламжлалт анагаах ухаан болон хүнсэнд өргөн ашиглагддаг чанараараа хамгийн их ач холбогдолтой жимсний нэг юм. Үхрийн нүд жимс нь маш урт хугацааны туршид витамин С-гийн баялаг эх сурвалж гэдгээрээ танигдсанаас гадна, биологийн идэвхт бодисыг өндөр тунгаар агуулдаг. Түүнд агуулагдах витамин С нь харьцангуй тогтвортой ба ургалтын явцад задардаггүй онцлогтой бөгөөд дархлаа дэмжих, биеийг хоргүйжүүлэх болон антиоксидант үйлдэлтэй.
Энэхүү судалгаагаар тарималжуулсан үхэр нүд жимсний биохимийн бүрдлийг байгалийн зэрлэг жимстэй харьцуулан судлав. Судалгааны үр дүнд таримал болон зэрлэг үхэр нүд жимсэнд нийт нүүрсус 13.6-15.8%, энгийн нүүрсус 10.8-11.9%, нийт фенолт нэгдэл 339.2- 514.4 мг/г, нийлбэр флавоноид 105.00-320.0мг/г тус тусагуулагдаж байгааг тодорхойллоо. Витамин С, В1, В6,органик хүчлийн агууламжийг өндөр мэдрэмжит шингэний хроматограф (HPLC)-ын багажийг ашиглан тодорхойлов.
Түлхүүр үг: Ribes nigrum L, жимс жимсгэнэ, антиоксидант, флавоноид,
Analyze using dummy variables in the soil (Examples of crop cultivation centers and irrigation)
Authors: Bayarsaikhan Usukhbayar , Gungaa Zolzaya 
Published: June 2021

The rotation of the crop is important in selecting the right structure of the irrigation crop. If the cultivation system is applied scientifically enough, it is possible to observe high-yielding elements of intensive technology such as soil treatment, fertilization systems, seeds, quality of varieties, irrigation norms, combustion of pests and weeds and mechanization of production. The irrigation crop area is divided into different types (crops, fodder plants, vegetable and mixed crops) depending on the type of plant that is mainly cultivated in our country.
The “Gatsuurt” plant, located in the central cropping zone, has been subjected to a dependent analysis using the dummy variables of the cultivation of crops (wheat, potato, and so on) as a result of 2577 hectares of irrigation 141 areas. The company analyzed the soil and irradiated soil in the irrigated area in 2016. There are eight varieties of wheat, potatoes, rapeseed, oats, barley, perennials, carrots and onions. It shows that in the previous year, wheat was 0.78, potato was 0.79, rapeseed was 0.09, oatmeal was 1.46, barley was 0.44, perennial was 0.46 and 0.93 was phosphorus. It is possible to explain each equation.
Growth in irrigated farming in the central crop area - Wheat - Nitrogen and potatoes - Thickness, rapeseed - salt and oats - phosphorus, barley - CO2, perennial - potassium, onions and carrots - Mg increases soil.
Хөрсний үзүүлэлтэд зохиомол хувьсагч ашиглан шинжилгээ хийх арга
(Газар тариалангийн төв бүс, усалгаатай тариалалтын үед)
Усалгаатай тариалангийн таримал ургамлын бүтцийг зөв сонгон шийдвэрлэхэд таримлын сэлгээ чухал үүрэгтэй. Ээлжлэн тариалах системийг шинжлэх ухааны үндэслэлтэй, тооцоолол шинжилгээтэй нэвтрүүлсэн тохиолдолд хөрс боловсруулалт, бордох систем, үр, сортын чанар, усалгааны норм, горим, хортон шавьж, хог ургамалтай тэмцэх, үйлдвэрлэлийг механикжуулах зэрэг эрчимжсэн технологийн элементүүдийг мөрдөж өндөр ургац авах боломжийг бүрдүүлж чадна. Усалгаатай тариалангийн талбайн сэлгээ нь голлон тариалах ургамлын төрлөөс хамааруулж, хэд хэдэн төрлийг (үр тарианы, тэжээлийн ургамлын, хүнсний ногооны, холимог тариалан) сонгон авч шинжилгээ хийсэн.
Тооцооллын үр дүнгээс харахад газар тариалангийн төв бүсэд усалгаатай тариалалтын үед хөрсний азотыг нэмэгдүүлэхийн тулд өмнөгч нь буудай, арвай, олон наст, лууван, сонгино байвал илүү оновчтой гэсэн дүгнэлт гарч байгаа бол хэрэв өмнөгч нь лууван бол хөрсөн дэх ялзмаг, фосфор, кали хэмжээ нэмэгддэг байна. Хөрсөн дэх кали хэмжээг хамгийн ихээр нэмэгдүүлдэг өмнөгч тариалалт нь овьёос, олон наст байна. Өмнөгч нь рапсын тариалалт байхад хөрсний гол элементүүд болох азот, фосфор, кали –д сөрөг нөлөө үзүүлдэг болохыг харж болно.
Түлхүүр үг: Сэлгээ тариалалт, хамаарлын шинжилгээ, dummy (дамми) хувьсагч, өмнөгч тариалалт
Self-care practices, patient education in women with breast cancer-related lymphedema
Authors: Deveci Zeynep , Karayurt Özgül , Eyigör Sibel 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate self-care practices, sociodemographic and clinical factors that affect self-care and patient education among women with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL).
Patients and methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study included a total of 102 women with BCRL (median age: 59 years; range, 35 to 80 years) who received lymphedema (LE) treatment at least once between July 2014 and May 2016. A Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Form and the Lymphedema Self-care Survey were used to collect data via face-to-face interviews.
Results: The median LE self-care practices score for women was 10 (range, 5 to 14). A total of 39.1% of the women implemented regular self-care. A statistically significant relationship was found between the score for perceived benefit of LE self-care and the score for self-care practice. No statistically significant difference was found among the self-care scores of the women with LE in terms of sociodemographic and clinical factors, except for education status. A total of 90.2% of the women with LE received self-care education, mostly from a physical therapy specialist and a physiotherapist. There was a statistically significant difference among self-care scores between patients who were educated and uneducated about LE.
Conclusion: It is recommended that healthcare professionals should educate patients diagnosed with breast cancer to reduce LE risk and promote the implementation of self-care practices following the breast cancer surgery. Interventions should be made to increase the perceived benefits and reduce the perceived barriers and burden towards self-care behaviors to prevent and manage LE.
Effects of low-density pulsed ultrasound treatment on transforming growth factor-beta, collagen level, histology, biomechanics, and function in repaired rat tendons
Authors: İnceoğlu Alperen , Şahin Füsun , Akkaya Nuray , Ök Nusret , Yörükoğlu Çağdaş , Mete Gülçin , Akgün Şakir 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of low-density pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment on growth factors/collagen production, histological, biomechanical, and function of rats with Achilles tendon injury.
Materials and methods: A total of 44 Wistar Albino rats were used in the study between April 2017 and June 2018. The rats were randomized to two treatment groups. Group 1 (n=6) received LIPUS treatment (0.3 Watt/cm2; 1 MHz, 1:5 pulse mode) and Group 2 (n=6)received sham ultrasound (US) treatment following Achilles tendon surgery. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and collagen gene expression levels were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction. The histological evaluation was performed with the Bonar scoring system. The tensile strength was measured by biomechanical testing and the function was evaluated with the Achilles Functional Index (AFI).
Results: Although TGF-β1 expression and tensile strength evaluation showed a tendency to improve in favor of the LIPUS group, no statistically significant difference was found (p=0.065 and p=0.053, respectively). The COL3 gene expression in the LIPUS group and the COL1 expression in the sham US group were significantly higher. Bonar scores and AFI scores showed a statistically significant improvement in the LIPUS group, compared to the sham US group.
Conclusion: Our study results show that LIPUS yields positive effects on tendon histology and functional status in repaired Achilles tendon in rats.
The effect of cardiac rehabilitation on kinesiophobia in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Baykal Şahin Hanife , Kalaycıoğlu Ezgi , Şahin Mürsel 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to define the level of kinesiophobia in cardiac patients, to determine whether there was a positive change in kinesiophobia after an exercise based cardiac rehabilitation (CR), and to define the associated variables with the change in kinesiophobia.
Patients and methods: Between September 2017 and December 2018, a total of 98 patients (63 males, 35 females; mean age: 58±10.4 years; range, 36 to 78 years) diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) were included in the study. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart (TSK-SV Heart) was used to measure kinesiophobia. The short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was applied to measure physical activity level. The Short Form 36 (SF-36) was used to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL). After CR, kinesiophobia was reevaluated.
Results: A high level of kinesiophobia was present in 74.5% of the patients. The mean TSK-SV heart score was 41.4±6.2. After CR, 34.6% of the patients had a high level of kinesiophobia (p<0.001). The patients with a high level of kinesiophobia were physically more inactive than those with a low level of kinesiophobia (p=0.001) and HRQoL scores were significantly lower (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Kinesiophobia is quite common in patients with CAD. Aerobic exercise capacity and physical activity levels are lower in patients with a high level of kinesiophobia, compared to those with a low level of kinesiophobia. After an exercise-based CR program, kinesiophobia significantly reduces.
Is it possible to develop a new measurement tool to assess the functional status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: Seher Özalp Ateş Funda , Gökmen Derya , Kutlay Şehim , Halil Elhan Atilla , Adile Küçükdeveci Ayşe 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: This study aims to develop measurement tools for assessing patients’ functional status with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in terms of upper and lower extremity function and to evaluate the tools’ construct validities with classical and modern psychometric approaches.
Patients and methods: Between April 2010 and April 2012, a total of 300 patients with RA (77 males, 223 females; mean age: 52.3±11.5 years; range, 18 to 82 years) who answered items from a range of widely used instruments were included. After examining initial dimensionality with exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Rasch analysis were used to evaluate the tools’ construct validities. The data-model fit was evaluated with goodness-of-fit (GoF) statistics in CFA, while the tools were examined in terms of item and person fit, unidimensionality and differential item functioning (DIF) from the perspective of Rasch analysis.
Results: According to EFA, two dimensions were identified and named as “self-care-mobility-household activities related to lower extremity” and “self-care-mobility-household activities related to upper extremity” taking into account the factor loadings and the clinical classifications. While the clinical classification was tested with CFA, all items were loaded on their pre-defined dimensions with the factor loadings of ≥0.40 and GoF statistics were within the acceptable ranges. When the “self-care-mobility-household activities related to upper extremity” and “self-care-mobility-household activities related to lower extremity” tools were evaluated via the Rasch analysis, both tools were found to fit the Rasch model expectations, with a mean item fit statistics of -0.528 logit (standard deviation [SD]: 1.365) and -0.213 (SD: 1.168; mean person fit statistics of -0.412 logit (SD: 1.160) and -0.303 logit (SD: 0.859), respectively.
Conclusion: For the evaluation of a scale’s construct validity, it is recommended to use the Rasch analysis in tandem with factor analytic methods, as the Rasch analysis explores a scale’s construct validity in terms of item and person fit, DIF and unidimensionality which is the only aspect of the factor analysis.
From Knowledge Sharing to Reflective Thinking: Using Focus Group to Promote EFL Teachers’ Reflectivity
Authors: Farahian Majid , Parhamnia Farshad 
Published: June 2021

Educational research literature has underscored the key role of collaboration and interaction among teachers. As such, the present study, as its main objective, sought whether knowledge sharing in a reflective focus group improved English as a foreign language(EFL) student teachers’ reflective practice. In addition, it explored the benefits and challenges to knowledge sharing in a reflective focus group. To this end, a survey of reflective practice, and a semi-structured interview were employed to investigate research questions. Eleven Iranian Master of Arts (MA) students who were, at the same time, EFL teachers in languages schools served as the participants of the study. The results indicated that the focus group platform could enable EFL teachers to improve their reflective practice through interaction with colleagues. Among other factors, receiving constructive feedback, and recognizing the possible relationship between theory and practice were the benefits of knowledge sharing through reflective practice. Regarding the barriers to using reflective focus group, various inhibitors were reported by the participants that can be classified into personal, institutional, and educational factors. The implications of the study are also presented.