bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment non‐hypervascular hypointense nodules on Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI as a predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma development after sustained virologic response in HCV infection
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Yasuda Satoshi , Shiota Shohei , Sone Yasuhiro , Maeda Atsuyuki , Kaneoka Yuji , Kumada Takashi , Tanaka Junko 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBackgroundIdentification of risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after a sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is urgently needed for HCC surveillance.AimsTo evaluate whether the presence of non‐hypervascular hypointense nodules (NHHNs) depicted by gadolinium‐ethoxybenzyl‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (EOB‐MRI) before direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) therapy is a risk factor for de novo HCC development after SVR.MethodsThe presence of NHHNs was examined with EOB‐MRI before the start of DAA therapy in 383 patients with HCV infection who achieved SVR. The incidence of de novo HCC after SVR was compared between patients with versus without NHHNs.ResultsNHHNs were detected before DAA therapy in 32 patients (8.4%). The incidence of de novo HCC after SVR was significantly higher in patients with NHHNs than in those without (1‐, 3‐, 5‐year incidence, 9.8%, 24.2% and 41.6% vs. 0%, 1.2% and 4.4%, P < 0.0001). The presence of NHHNs before DAA therapy (adjusted HR, 10.86; 95% CI, 4.03‐31.64) and cirrhosis (adjusted HR, 7.23; 95% CI, 1.88‐35.85) were independently associated with a higher incidence of HCC after SVR. A higher incidence of de novo HCC after SVR remained after adjustment for age, gender, regular alcohol intake, diabetes, cirrhosis, FIB‐4 index and serum alpha‐foetoprotein with inverse probability of treatment weighting.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that the presence of NHHNs before DAA therapy is a strong risk factor for the development of de novo HCC after SVR.
Editorial: determining disability in inflammatory bowel disease—“See(k) and you shall find”. Authors' reply
Authors: Tannoury Jenny , Amiot Aurelien 
Published: May 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Tannoury et al and Limdi papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16353 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16367
Letter: risk of coeliac disease—do microbial derived factors promote and protect? Authors' reply
Authors: Størdal Ketil , Kahrs Christian , Tapia German , Agardh Daniel , Kurppa Kalle , Stene Lars C. 
Published: May 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Størdal et al and Sundqvist et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16361 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16348
Incidence of thrombotic complications in hospitalised and non‐hospitalised patients after COVID‐19 diagnosis
Authors: Tholin Birgitte , Ghanima Waleed , Einvik Gunnar , Aarli Bernt , Brønstad Eivind , Skjønsberg Ole H. , Stavem Knut 
Published: May 2021

SummaryInfection with coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) may predispose for venous thromboembolism (VTE). There is wide variation in reported incidence rates of VTE in COVID‐19, ranging from 3% to 85%. Therefore, the true incidence of thrombotic complications in COVID‐19 is uncertain. Here we present data on the incidence of VTE in both hospitalised and non‐hospitalised patients from two ongoing prospective cohort studies. The incidence of VTE after diagnosis of COVID‐19 was 3·9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2·1–7·2] during hospitalisation, 0·9% (95% CI: 0·2–3·1) in the three months after discharge and 0·2% (95% CI: 0·00–1·25) in non‐hospitalised patients, suggesting an incidence rate at the lower end of that in previous reports.
Mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a safe alternative to extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for high‐density, renal stones: a prospective, randomised trial
Authors: Ahmed Abul‐fotouh , Abdelazim Hassan , ElMesery Mahmoud , El‐feky Mohammed , Gomaa Aly , Tagreda Ibrahim , Abozied Hesham , Fahim Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo compare the outcomes of miniaturised percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini‐PCNL) and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) in the management of 10–20 mm, non‐lower pole, renal stones.Patients and MethodsThis prospective randomised double‐arm trial was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Egypt from February to December 2020. Adult patients with single, non‐lower pole, high‐density (≥1000 HU) renal stones were randomised to receive mini‐PCNL or ESWL. The stone‐free rate (SFR); operative, fluoroscopy and hospitalisation times; blood loss; auxiliary procedures; retreatment; unscheduled hospital readmission; and complications were compared between the groups.ResultsThe primary analysis included 34 patients in the mini‐PCNL group and 33 in the ESWL group. Overall, the SFR was 97.1% in the mini‐PCNL group vs 30.3% in the ESWL group (P < 0.001). All patients in the ESWL group required retreatment, and none of them were stone‐free after the first ESWL session. None of the patients in the mini‐PCNL group required retreatment. The overall operative time, fluoroscopy time, auxiliary procedure, retreatment, and unscheduled hospital readmission were significantly higher in the ESWL group. The hospital stay and decrease in the haemoglobin level were significantly higher in the mini‐PCNL group. The groups were comparable for the overall complication rate.ConclusionsMini‐PCNL is more effective than ESWL for treating 10–20 mm, high‐density, non‐lower pole renal stones. Mini‐PCNL has the advantages of a high SFR and abolishing the need for retreatment and re‐hospitalisation.
The anomalous pharmacology of fentanyl
Authors: Kelly Eamonn , Sutcliffe Katy , Cavallo Damiana , Ramos‐Gonzalez Nokomis , Alhosan Norah , Henderson Graeme 
Published: May 2021

Fentanyl is a key therapeutic, used in anaesthesia and pain management. It is also increasingly used illicitly and is responsible for a large and growing number of opioid overdose deaths, especially in North America. A number of factors have been suggested to contribute to fentanyl's lethality, including rapid onset of action, in vivo potency, ligand bias, induction of muscle rigidity and reduced sensitivity to reversal by naloxone. Some of these factors can be considered to represent ‘anomalous’ pharmacological properties of fentanyl when compared with prototypical opioid agonists such as morphine. In this review, we examine the nature of fentanyl's ‘anomalous’ properties, to determine whether there is really a pharmacological basis to support the existence of such properties, and also discuss whether such properties are likely to contribute to overdose deaths involving fentanyls.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Opioid Pharmacology at the Time of the Opioid Epidemic. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.7/issuetoc
Feasibility study of a new behavioural activation programme for young people with depressed mood
Authors: Dubicka Bernadka , Marwedel Susanne , Banares Sabah , McCulloch Amy , Tahoun Taghrid , Hearn Jasmine , Kroll Leo 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundBehavioural activation (BA) is effective in adults with depression but the evidence for young people (YP) is less clear. We therefore developed and tested a new coproduced BA programme.MethodIn phase one (2014 to 2015 inclusive), we codeveloped with young people attending specialist child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) an 8‐session BA workbook. In Phase two (2019 to 2020 inclusive), we ran an uncontrolled feasibility study in two specialist CAMHS, with BA being offered to YP by less specialised staff.ResultsIn phase one, we tested the workbook with 15 YP with depression and other comorbidities. Satisfaction was good from both YP and staff, and 9 YP reported improvement in mood. In phase two, 51 YP were offered BA; 15 declined to take part. 36 consented with three dropping out after consent. 33 YP (mean age 14.6, 12 males, 24 females) continued treatment attending a mean of 6.6 sessions. At the end of treatment, youth‐rated Mood and Feeling Questionnaire (MFQ) mean score decreased from 43.2 to 27.6, difference 14.6 (95% CI 8.7 to 20.2; n = 28), and Clinician Global Assessment Score (CGAS) mean score increased from 52.3 to 69.8, difference 18.0 (95% CI 11.9 to 24.2; n = 29). Of the 33 YP who participated in therapy, 12 (36%) recovered and were discharged.ConclusionsThis programme demonstrated preliminary evidence for effectiveness and utility. Less specialised staff were able to use BA, and this may reduce secondary waits for more specialist therapy. More research is needed about the role of BA in specialist CAMHS.
Commensal microbiota contributes to predicting the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Zhang Chufeng , Wang Jixin , Sun Zhongwen , Cao Yufeng , Mu Zhengshuai , Ji Xuming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy against cancer, through immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death‐1/programmed cell death‐ligand 1 axis, is particularly successful in tumors by relieving the immune escape. However, interindividual responses to immunotherapy are often heterogeneous. Therefore, it is essential to screen out predictive tumor biomarkers. In this study, we analyzed the commensal microbiota in stool samples and paired sputum samples from 75 metastatic non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients at baseline and during treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Results showed distinct microbes’ signatures between the gut microbiota and paired respiratory microbiota. The alpha diversity between the gut and respiratory microbiota was uncorrelated, and only the gut microbiota alpha diversity was associated with anti‐programmed cell death‐1 response. Higher gut microbiota alpha diversity indicated better response and more prolonged progression‐free survival. Comparison of bacterial communities between responders and nonresponders showed some favorable/unfavorable microbes enriched in responders/nonresponders, indicating that commensal microbiota had potential predictive value for the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Generally, some rare low abundance gut microbes and high abundance respiratory microbes lead to discrepancies in microbial composition between responders and nonresponders. A significant positive correlation was observed between the abundance of Streptococcus and CD8+ T cells. These results highlighted the intimate relationship between commensal microbiota and the response to immunotherapy in NSCLC patients. Gut microbiota and respiratory microbiota are promising biomarkers to screen suitable candidates who are likely to benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor‐based immunotherapy.
Electrophysiological Evidence of Space‐Number Associations in 9‐Month‐Old Infants
Authors: Bettoni Roberta , Addabbo Margaret , Bulf Hermann , Macchi Cassia Viola 
Published: May 2021

Infant research is providing accumulating evidence that number‐space mappings appear early in development. Here, a Posner cueing paradigm was used to investigate the neural mechanisms underpinning the attentional bias induced by nonsymbolic numerical cues in 9‐month‐old infants (N = 32). Event‐related potentials and saccadic reaction time were measured to the onset of a peripheral target flashing right after the offset of a centered small or large numerical cue, with the location of the target being either congruent or incongruent with the number’s relative position on a left‐to‐right oriented representational continuum. Results indicated that the cueing effect induced by numbers on infants’ orienting of eye gaze brings about sensory facilitation in processing visual information at the cued location.
Phylogenetic value of jaw elements of lacertid lizards (Squamata: Lacertoidea): a case study with Oligocene material from France
Authors: Wencker Lukardis Charlotte Marie , Tschopp Emanuel , Villa Andrea , Augé Marc Louis , Delfino Massimo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSeveral extinct species are known from the family Lacertidae, but due to poor preservation, many of them are based on single bones. Here, we compare phylogenetic signals of disarticulated premaxillae, maxillae and dentaries of lacertids from four French Oligocene localities (Coderet, La Colombière, Roqueprune 2, Mas de Got B). We identified five morphotypes among the premaxillae, six among the maxillae, and ten among the dentaries. These morphotypes were scored as individual taxa per locality into three separate character matrices with the same 246 characters, one matrix for each jaw element. Subsequently, the phylogenetic position of the morphotypes was tested using maximum parsimony. The consensus trees with the dentaries and the maxillae found a large polytomy including all taxa except the outgroup taxon Gekko gecko. The consensus tree with the premaxillae showed a considerably more resolved topology but found all morphotype taxa outside Lacertidae. In a second step, we compared the constitution of our three datasets and the morphotype taxa. Our results suggest that a combination of convergent characters and missing data led to the outgroup position of the premaxilla morphotype taxa. The poor resolution of the maxillae strict consensus is likely a consequence of their fragmentary preservation. For the dentaries, a high amount of missing data due to the high number of morphotype taxa most likely caused the poor tree resolution. Indeed, tests with fewer morphotypes found tree resolutions comparable to the premaxilla data. When linking the morphotypes, five possible lacertid “species” were found. Comparison with already known French Oligocene lacertid species points to a slightly higher species richness of Lacertidae at that time than known before. Reliable species classification based on phylogeny only seems possible when combining the jaw elements or in association with other cranial and postcranial material, putting some doubt on species identifications based on single bones.
Assessment of cytotoxicity and sensitization potential of intradermally injected tattoo inks in reconstructed human skin
Authors: Karregat Joey J. J. P. , Rustemeyer Thomas , van der Bent Sebastiaan A. S. , Spiekstra Sander W. , Thon Maria , Fernandez Rivas David , Gibbs Susan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe number of people within the European population having at least one tattoo has increased notably, and with it the number of tattoo‐associated clinical complications. Despite this, safety information and testing regarding tattoo inks remain limited.ObjectiveTo assess cytotoxicity and sensitization potential of 16 tattoo inks after intradermal injection into reconstructed human skin (RHS).MethodsCommercially available tattoo inks were injected intradermally into RHS (reconstructed epidermis on a fibroblast‐populated collagen hydrogel) using a permanent makeup device. RHS biopsies, tissue sections, and culture medium were assessed for cytotoxicity (thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay [MTT assay]), detrimental histological changes (haematoxylin and eosin staining), and the presence of inflammatory and sensitization cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐1α, IL‐8, IL‐18; enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay).ResultsVarying degrees of reduced metabolic activity and histopathological cytotoxic effects were observed in RHS after ink injection. Five inks showed significantly reduced metabolic activity and enhanced sensitization potential compared with negative controls.DiscussionUsing the RHS model system, four tattoo inks were identified as highly cytotoxic and classified as potential sensitizers, suggesting that allergic contact dermatitis could emerge in individuals carrying these inks. These results indicate that an RHS‐based assessment of cytotoxicity and sensitization potential by intradermal tattoo ink injection is a useful analytical tool to determine ink‐induced deleterious effects.
Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography of xanthogranuloma: Correlation with vertical and horizontal histopathology
Authors: Lacarrubba Francesco , Verzì Anna Elisa , Puglisi Davide Francesco , Broggi Giuseppe , Caltabiano Rosario , Micali Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLine‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) is a new noninvasive technique for a real‐time, vertical, and horizontal imaging of the skin at cellular resolution. A 47‐year‐old female presented with a 6‐month history of an asymptomatic yellowish papule. LC‐OCT evaluation was able to show the diagnostic microscopic features of xanthogranuloma and showed an excellent correlation with vertical and horizontal histopathological sections by revealing enlarged dermal papillae containing multiple, bright roundish giant cells, corresponding to foamy histiocytes, and giant cells characterized by a dark center surrounded by a highly hyper‐refractile peripheral ring, corresponding to Touton cells. LC‐OCT may represent a valid, noninvasive alternative to histopathological examination in clinically atypical cases of xanthogranuloma.
HIV infection and anaemia do not affect HbA1c for the detection of diabetes in black South Africans: Evidence from the Durban Diabetes Study
Authors: Hird Thomas R. , Partap Uttara , Moodley Pravi , Pirie Fraser J. , Esterhuizen Tonya M. , O'Leary Brian , McCarthy Mark I. , Young Elizabeth H. , Sandhu Manjinder S. , Motala Ayesha A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveSouth Africa has a high burden of HIV infection and anaemia. These conditions may cause HbA1c to over‐ or underestimate glycaemia; however, this has not been comprehensively investigated in African populations. We assessed the association of anaemia, HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) with HbA1c, and implications for the detection and diagnosis of diabetes, in a black South African population.Research design and methodsIn this population‐based cross‐sectional study in eThekwini municipality (Durban), South Africa, we assessed HbA1c and conducted oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), HIV diagnostic tests and full blood count measurements among 1067 participants without a history of diabetes diagnosis. Linear regression was used to examine differences in HbA1c by anaemia (comparator: no anaemia), or HIV and ART (comparator: no HIV) status. HbA1c‐based diabetes prevalence was compared with OGTT‐based prevalence among individuals with anaemia and with untreated and ART‐treated HIV.ResultsIn adjusted analyses, normocytic and microcytic anaemia were associated with higher HbA1c compared with no anaemia, whereas macrocytic anaemia and ART‐treated HIV were associated with lower HbA1c compared with no anaemia and no HIV, respectively. However, magnitudes of association were small (range: = −3.4 mmol/mol or −0.31%, p < 0.001 [macrocytic anaemia] to = 2.1 mmol/mol or 0.19%, p < 0.001 [microcytic anaemia]). There was no significant difference in diabetes prevalence based on HbA1c or OGTT among individuals with anaemia (2.9% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.69), untreated HIV (1.6% vs. 1.6% p = 1.00) or ART‐treated HIV (2.9% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.08).ConclusionsOur results suggest that anaemia and HIV status appear unlikely to materially affect the utility of HbA1c for diabetes detection and diagnosis in this population. Further studies are needed to examine these associations in sub‐Saharan African populations.
Effect of team cohesion on flow: An empirical study of team‐based gamification for enterprise resource planning systems in online classes
Authors: Zhao Yu (Audrey) , Srite Mark , Kim Sumin , Lee Jinwoong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPedagogy using gamification has recently received much attention as a way of enhancing student learning and retention. Additionally, academic institutions are making extensive use of online resources to expand teaching beyond the traditional classroom setting. Both academic institutions and companies utilize virtual teams to accomplish remote teamwork, particularly in a post‐COVID environment. Despite the growing interest in incorporating gamification into teaching for business school courses, prior researchers have paid little attention to team‐based gamification in the online learning environment. The purpose of this study is to examine if team members’ perceived team cohesion influences their perceptions of flow. Also, we investigate the relationships among three flow dimensions: concentration, perceived control, and perceived enjoyment. We tested our research model using an enterprise resource planning simulation game involving 187 business students. The results of structural equation modeling with partial least squares analysis support all of our hypotheses.
Right ventricular‐arterial coupling – A new perspective for right ventricle evaluation in heart failure patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Deaconu Silvia , Deaconu Alexandru , Scarlatescu Alina , Petre Ioana , Onciul Sebastian , Vijiac Aura , Onut Roxana , Zamfir Diana , Marascu Gabriela , Iorgulescu Corneliu , Radu Dan Andrei , Bogdan Stefan , Vatasescu Radu , Dorobantu Maria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundRight ventricular – arterial (RV‐PA) coupling can be estimated by echocardiography using the ratio between (TAPSE) and pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP). TAPSE/PASP ratio proved to be a prognostic parameter in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).ObjectiveTo evaluate the significance of RV‐PA coupling in patients with HFrEF undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).MethodsPatients undergoing CRT in our center between January 2017 and November 2019 were eligible. Response to CRT was defined by a reduction of more than 15% of left ventricle systolic volume (LVESV) one year after CRT. Primary endpoint was a composite of HF hospitalizations and death during follow‐up.Results54 patients (Age 64.0 ± 13.8 years; 58% male; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 28.4 ± 1.3%) were prospectively included. After a mean follow‐up of 31 ± 12.9months, the primary endpoint had occurred in 18 (33.3%) patients. A lower TAPSE/PASP ratio was associated with baseline worse HF symptoms, lower LVEF and long‐term less LV reverse remodeling (P < .05). After one year CRT improved RV systolic function (TAPSE, RV global longitudinal strain, P < .05), but not TAPSE/PASP ratio (P = .4). The ratio TAPSE/PASP (AUC=0.834) ≥ 0.58 mm/mm Hg showed good sensitivity (90%) and specificity (81.8%) for predicting response to CRT while a ratio <0.58 mm/mm Hg was associated with a higher risk of death and HF hospitalizations during the follow‐up (HR 5.37 95%CI [1.6–18], P < .001).ConclusionRV‐PA coupling evaluation using TAPSE/PASP ratio predicts CRT response. A lower TAPSE/PASP ratio is associated with a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events.