bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association study of neck circumference identifies sex-specific loci independent of generalized adiposity
Authors: Liu Yaowu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Lee Jiwon , Smelser Diane , Cade Brian , Chen Han , Zhou Hufeng , Kirchner H. Lester , Lin Xihong , Mukherjee Sutapa , Hillman David , Liu Ching-Ti , Redline Susan , Sofer Tamar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background/objectives
Neck circumference, an index of upper airway fat, has been suggested to be an important measure of body-fat distribution with unique associations with health outcomes such as obstructive sleep apnea and metabolic disease. This study aims to study the genetic bases of neck circumference.

Methods
We conducted a multi-ethnic genome-wide association study of neck circumference, adjusted and unadjusted for BMI, in up to 15,090 European Ancestry (EA) and African American (AA) individuals. Because sexually dimorphic associations have been observed for anthropometric traits, we conducted both sex-combined and sex-specific analysis.

Results
We identified rs227724 near the Noggin (NOG) gene as a possible quantitative locus for neck circumference in men (N = 8831, P = 1.74 × 10−9) but not in women (P = 0.08). The association was replicated in men (N = 1554, P = 0.045) in an independent dataset. This locus was previously reported to be associated with human height and with self-reported snoring. We also identified rs13087058 on chromosome 3 as a suggestive locus in sex-combined analysis (N = 15090, P = 2.94 × 10−7; replication P =0.049). This locus was also associated with electrocardiogram-assessed PR interval and is a cis-expression quantitative locus for the PDZ Domain-containing ring finger 2 (PDZRN3) gene. Both NOG and PDZRN3 interact with members of transforming growth factor-beta superfamily signaling proteins.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that neck circumference may have unique genetic basis independent of BMI.
Combining ambitious climate policies with efforts to eradicate poverty
Authors: Soergel Bjoern , Kriegler Elmar , Bodirsky Benjamin Leon , Bauer Nico , Leimbach Marian , Popp Alexander 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClimate change threatens to undermine efforts to eradicate extreme poverty. However, climate policies could impose a financial burden on the global poor through increased energy and food prices. Here, we project poverty rates until 2050 and assess how they are influenced by mitigation policies consistent with the 1.5 °C target. A continuation of historical trends will leave 350 million people globally in extreme poverty by 2030. Without progressive redistribution, climate policies would push an additional 50 million people into poverty. However, redistributing the national carbon pricing revenues domestically as an equal-per-capita climate dividend compensates this policy side effect, even leading to a small net reduction of the global poverty headcount (−6 million). An additional international climate finance scheme enables a substantial poverty reduction globally and also in Sub-Saharan Africa. Combining national redistribution with international climate finance thus provides an important entry point to climate policy in developing countries.
Tracking the global reduction of marine traffic during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: March David , Metcalfe Kristian , Tintoré Joaquin , Godley Brendan J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unparalleled global impacts on human mobility. In the ocean, ship-based activities are thought to have been impacted due to severe restrictions on human movements and changes in consumption. Here, we quantify and map global change in marine traffic during the first half of 2020. There were decreases in 70.2% of Exclusive Economic Zones but changes varied spatially and temporally in alignment with confinement measures. Global declines peaked in April, with a reduction in traffic occupancy of 1.4% and decreases found across 54.8% of the sampling units. Passenger vessels presented more marked and longer lasting decreases. A regional assessment in the Western Mediterranean Sea gave further insights regarding the pace of recovery and long-term changes. Our approach provides guidance for large-scale monitoring of the progress and potential effects of COVID-19 on vessel traffic that may subsequently influence the blue economy and ocean health.
Efferent feedback controls bilateral auditory spontaneous activity
Authors: Wang Yixiang , Sanghvi Maya , Gribizis Alexandra , Zhang Yueyi , Song Lei , Morley Barbara , Barson Daniel G. , Santos-Sacchi Joseph , Navaratnam Dhasakumar , Crair Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the developing auditory system, spontaneous activity generated in the cochleae propagates into the central nervous system to promote circuit formation. The effects of peripheral firing patterns on spontaneous activity in the central auditory system are not well understood. Here, we describe wide-spread bilateral coupling of spontaneous activity that coincides with the period of transient efferent modulation of inner hair cells from the brainstem medial olivocochlear system. Knocking out α9/α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, a requisite part of the efferent pathway, profoundly reduces bilateral correlations. Pharmacological and chemogenetic experiments confirm that the efferent system is necessary for normal bilateral coupling. Moreover, auditory sensitivity at hearing onset is reduced in the absence of pre-hearing efferent modulation. Together, these results demonstrate how afferent and efferent pathways collectively shape spontaneous activity patterns and reveal the important role of efferents in coordinating bilateral spontaneous activity and the emergence of functional responses during the prehearing period.
Comparison of diagnostic value of 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/MRI and standalone MRI for the detection of intracranial meningiomas
Authors: Einhellig Heike C. , Siebert Eberhard , Bauknecht Hans-C. , Tietze Anna , Graef Josefine , Furth Christian , Schulze Daniel , Miszczuk Milena , Bohner Georg , Schatka Imke , Makowski Marcus R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alone in comparison to positron emission tomography/ magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in patients with meningiomas. 57 patients with a total of 112 meningiomas of the brain were included. PET/MRI, including a fully diagnostic contrast enhanced MRI and PET, were acquired. PET/MRI was used as reference standard. The size and location of meningiomas was recorded. Likelihood-ratio chi-square tests were used to calculate p-values within logistic regression in order to compare different models. A multi-level logistic regression was applied to comply the hierarchical data structure. Multi-level regression adjusts for clustering in data was performed. The majority (n = 103) of meningiomas could be identified based on standard MRI sequences compared to PET/MRI. MRI alone achieved a sensitivity of 95% (95% CI 0.78, 0.99) and specificity of 88% (95% CI 0.58, 0.98). Based on intensity of contrast medium uptake, 97 meningiomas could be diagnosed with intense uptake (93.75%). Sensitivity was lowest with 74% for meningiomas < 0.5 cm3, high with 95% for meningiomas > 2cm3 and highest with 100% for meningiomas 0.5–1.0 cm3. Petroclival meningiomas showed lowest sensitivity with 88% compared to sphenoidal meningiomas with 94% and orbital meningiomas with 100%. Specificity of meningioma diagnostic with MRI was high with 100% for sphenoidal and hemispherical-dural meningiomas and meningiomas with 0.5–1.0 and 1.0–2.0 cm3. Overall MRI enables reliable detection of meningiomas compared to PET/MRI. PET/MRI imaging offers highest sensitivity and specificity for small or difficult located meningiomas.
Antibodies against apoB100 peptide 210 inhibit atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice
Authors: Dunér Pontus , Mattisson Ingrid Yao , Fogelstrand Per , Glise Lars , Ruiz Stacey , Farina Christopher , Borén Jan , Nilsson Jan , Bengtsson Eva 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAtherosclerotic plaques are characterized by an accumulation and subsequent oxidation of LDL, resulting in adaptive immune responses against formed or exposed neoepitopes of the LDL particle. Autoantibodies against native p210, the 3136–3155 amino acid sequence of the LDL protein apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB100) are common in humans and have been associated with less severe atherosclerosis and decreased risk for cardiovascular events in clinical studies. However, whether apoB100 native p210 autoantibodies play a functional role in atherosclerosis is not known. In the present study we immunized apoE-/- mice with p210-PADRE peptide to induce an antibody response against native p210. We also injected mice with murine monoclonal IgG against native p210. Control groups were immunized with PADRE peptide alone or with control murine monoclonal IgG. Immunization with p210-PADRE induced an IgG1 antibody response against p210 that was associated with reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in the aorta and reduced MDA-LDL content in the lesions. Treatment with monoclonal p210 IgG produced a similar reduction in atherosclerosis as immunization with p210-PADRE. Our findings support an atheroprotective role of antibodies against the apoB100 native p210 and suggest that vaccines that induce the expression of native p210 IgG represent a potential therapeutic strategy for lowering cardiovascular risk.
Preoperative stroke before cardiac surgery does not increase risk of postoperative stroke
Authors: Matthews Caleb R. , Hartman Timothy , Madison Mackenzie , Villelli Nicolas W. , Namburi Niharika , Colgate Cameron L. , Faiza Zainab , Lee Lawrence S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe optimal time when surgery can be safely performed after stroke is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate how cardiac surgery timing after stroke impacts postoperative outcomes between 2011–2017 were reviewed. Variables were extracted from the institutional Society of Thoracic Surgeons database, statewide patient registry, and medical records. Subjects were classified based upon presence of endocarditis and further grouped by timing of preoperative stroke relative to cardiac surgery: Recent (stroke within two weeks before surgery), Intermediate (between two and six weeks before), and Remote (greater than six weeks before). Postoperative outcomes were compared amongst groups. 157 patients were included: 54 in endocarditis and 103 in non-endocarditis, with 47 in Recent, 26 in Intermediate, and 84 in Remote. 30-day mortality and postoperative stroke rate were similar across the three subgroups for both endocarditis and non-endocarditis. Of patients with postoperative stroke, mortality was 30% (95% CI 4.6–66). Timing of cardiac surgery after stroke occurrence does not seem to affect postoperative stroke or mortality. If postoperative stroke does occur, subsequent stroke-related mortality is high.
Vortioxetine ameliorates anhedonic-like behaviour and promotes strategic cognitive performance in a rodent touchscreen task
Authors: Martis Lena-Sophie , Højgaard Kristoffer , Holmes Megan C. , Elfving Betina , Wiborg Ove 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDepression-associated cognitive impairments are among the most prevalent and persistent symptoms during remission from a depressive episode and a major risk factor for relapse. Consequently, development of antidepressant drugs, which also alleviate cognitive impairments, is vital. One such potential antidepressant is vortioxetine that has been postulated to exhibit both antidepressant and pro-cognitive effects. Hence, we tested vortioxetine for combined antidepressant and pro-cognitive effects in male Long-Evans rats exposed to the chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm. This well-established CMS paradigm evokes cognitive deficits in addition to anhedonia, a core symptom of depression. Learning and memory performance was assessed in the translational touchscreen version of the paired-associates learning task. To identify the mechanistic underpinning of the neurobehavioural results, transcriptional profiling of genes involved in the stress response, neuronal plasticity and genes of broad relevance in neuropsychiatric pathologies were assessed. Vortioxetine substantially relieved the anhedonic-like state in the CMS rats and promoted acquisition of the cognitive test independent of hedonic phenotype, potentially due to an altered cognitive strategy. Minor alterations in gene expression profiling in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were found. In summary, our findings suggest that vortioxetine exhibits an antidepressant effect as well as behavioural changes in a translational learning task.
Ulcerative colitis immune cell landscapes and differentially expressed gene signatures determine novel regulators and predict clinical response to biologic therapy
Authors: Penrose Harrison M. , Iftikhar Rida , Collins Morgan E. , Toraih Eman , Ruiz Emmanuelle , Ungerleider Nathan , Nakhoul Hani , Flemington Erik F. , Kandil Emad , Shah Shamita B. , Savkovic Suzana D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe heterogeneous pathobiology underlying Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is not fully understood. Using publicly available transcriptomes from adult UC patients, we identified the immune cell landscape, molecular pathways, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across patient cohorts and their association with treatment outcomes. The global immune cell landscape of UC tissue included increased neutrophils, T CD4 memory activated cells, active dendritic cells (DC), and M0 macrophages, as well as reduced trends in T CD8, Tregs, B memory, resting DC, and M2 macrophages. Pathway analysis of DEGs across UC cohorts demonstrated activated bacterial, inflammatory, growth, and cellular signaling. We identified a specific transcriptional signature of one hundred DEGs (UC100) that distinctly separated UC inflamed from uninflamed transcriptomes. Several UC100 DEGs, with unidentified roles in UC, were validated in primary tissue. Additionally, non-responders to anti-TNFα and anti-α4β7 therapy displayed distinct profiles of immune cells and pathways pertaining to inflammation, growth, and metabolism. We identified twenty resistant DEGs in UC non-responders to both therapies of which four had significant predictive power to treatment outcome. We demonstrated the global immune landscape and pathways in UC tissue, highlighting a unique UC signature across cohorts and a UC resistant signature with predictive performance to biologic therapy outcome.
Environmental dissemination of pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes in flowing surface waters in Switzerland
Authors: Raschle Susanne , Stephan Roger , Stevens Marc J. A. , Cernela Nicole , Zurfluh Katrin , Muchaamba Francis , Nüesch-Inderbinen Magdalena 
Published: April 2021

AbstractListeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic pathogen that is widely distributed in the environment. The aquatic environment may represent a potential source for the transmission of L. monocytogenes to animals and the food chain. The present study assessed the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in 191 surface water samples from rivers, streams and inland canals throughout Switzerland. Twenty-five (13%) of the surface water samples contained L. monocytogenes. Whole genome sequence (WGS) data were used to characterize the 25 isolates. The isolates belonged to major lineages I and II, with the majority assigned to either serotype 1/2a (48%), or 4b (44%). The predominant CCs identified were the hypervirulent serotype 4b clones CC1 and CC4, and the serotype CC412; all three have been implicated in listeriosis outbreaks and sporadic cases of human and animal infection worldwide. Two (8%) of the isolates belonged to CC6 which is an emerging hypervirulent clone. All isolates contained intact genes associated with invasion and infection, including inlA/B and prfA. The four CC4 isolates all harbored Listeria pathogenicity island 4 (LIPI-4), which confers hypervirulence. The occurrence of L. monocytogenes in river ecosystems may contribute to the dissemination and introduction of clinically highly relevant strains to the food chain.
Comparison of the clinical outcomes of skin bridge loop ileostomy and traditional loop ileostomy in patients with low rectal cancer
Authors: Ye Hui , Huang Shujuan , Yu Jie , Zhou Qichang , Xi Changlei , Cao Longlei , Wang Peiyun , Shen Jie , Gong Zhilin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo compare the clinical results of patients with low rectal cancer who underwent skin bridge loop ileostomy and traditional loop ileostomy, and provide clinical evidence for choosing a better ostomy method. We retrospectively collected data of 118 patients with rectal cancer who underwent low anterior resection and loop ileostomy. To investigate the patients characteristics, postoperative stoma-related complications and the frequency of exchanged ostomy bags. The differences of these indicators between the two groups of patients who underwent skin bridge loop ileostomy and traditional loop ileostomy were compared. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score of the skin bridge loop ileostomy group was lower than that of the traditional ileostomy loop group (P < 0.05). The skin bridge group had a lower Discoloration, Erosion, Tissue overgrowth (DET) score and incidence of mucocutaneous separation than the traditional group at the 1st and 2nd weeks after operation (P < 0.05). The average number of weekly exchanged ostomy bags was significantly less in the skin bridge group than in the traditional group within 4 weeks after surgery (P < 0.05). Our experience demonstrates that the skin bridge loop ileostomy may significantly reduce early postoperative stoma-related complications, the frequency of exchanged ostomy bags and patients’ medical costs after discharge.
Tumor mutation burden (TMB)-associated signature constructed to predict survival of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Yan Dan , Chen Yi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a common type of lung cancer with high incidence and mortality rate. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is an emerging biomarker for selecting patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for immunotherapy. This study aimed to reveal TMB involved in the mechanisms of LUSC and develop a model to predict the overall survival of LUSC patients. The information of patients with LUSC were obtained from the cancer genome atlas database (TCGA). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between low- and the high-TMB groups were identified and taken as nodes for the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Gene oncology (GO) enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to investigate the potential molecular mechanism. Then, we identified the factors affecting the prognosis of LUSC through cox analysis, and developed a risk score signature. Kaplan–Meier method was conducted to analyze the difference in survival between the high- and low-risk groups. We constructed a nomogram based on the risk score model and clinical characteristics to predict the overall survival of patients with LUSC. Finally, the signature and nomogram were further validated by using the gene expression data downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. 30 DEGs between high- and low-TMB groups were identified. PPI analysis identified CD22, TLR10, PIGR and SELE as the hub genes. Cox analysis indicated that FAM107A, IGLL1, SELE and T stage were independent prognostic factors of LUSC. Low-risk scores group lived longer than that of patients with high-risk scores in LUSC. Finally, we built a nomogram that integrated the clinical characteristics (TMN stage, age, gender) with the three-gene signature to predict the survival probability of LUSC patients. Further verification in the GEO dataset. TMB might contribute to the pathogenesis of LUSC. TMB-associated genes can be used to develope a model to predict the OS of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients.
A cross-sectional analysis of the association between sleep duration and osteoporosis risk in adults using 2005–2010 NHANES
Authors: Lee Chia-Lin , Tzeng Huey-En , Liu Wei-Ju , Tsai Chun-Hao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractControversy remains regarding the relationship between bone health and sleep. In the literature, the effect of sleep on bone density in the clinical setting varies depending on the definition of normal sleep duration, sleep quality, selected population, and diagnostic tools for bone density. The aim of this study was to examine the association between bone mineral density (BMD)assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and sleep duration/quality in the defined adult population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (a national household survey) within a 6-year period (2005–2010) and explore age differences. The basic variables, metabolic diseases, and bone density in the femoral neck as determined through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, were segregated, and analyzed according to different sleep durations (1–4, 5–6,7–8, and > 9 h/day) and sleep quality using multinomial regression models. A total of 12,793 subjects were analyzed. Our results reveal that women aged > 50 years with sleep duration < 5 h/day had a 7.35 (CI 3.438–15.715) odds of osteoporosis than those in other groups. This analysis is based on a nationally representative sample using survey and inspection data and clarifies the relationship between bone density and the effect of the combination of sleep quality and duration.
Room temperature synthesis of Sn2+doped highly luminescent CsPbBr3quantum dots for high CRI white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yan Dongdong , Mo Qionghua , Zhao Shuangyi , Cai Wensi , Zang Zhigang 
Published: April 2021

Room temperature synthesis of Sn2+ doped CsPbBr3 QDs show a high PLQY of 82.77% and their corresponding WLEDs exhibit a CRI of 89 and a CCT of 3954.
Die ambulante Suchthilfe im Wandel der Zeit –
Veränderungen von Klientel, Problembereichen und Betreuungsergebnis
zwischen 2007 und 2016
Authors: Dauber Hanna , Braun-Michl Barbara , Specht Sara , Künzel Jutta , Schwarzkopf Larissa 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Dieser Beitrag untersucht anhand der Daten der Deutschen
Suchthilfestatistik (DSHS) welche Veränderungen sich in der ambulanten
Suchthilfe hinsichtlich Klientel, Hauptdiagnosen und Betreuungsergebnis im
Zeitraum von 2007 bis 2016 ergeben haben. Die beobachteten Trends werden vor dem
Hintergrund sich wandelnder gesamtgesellschaftlicher und versorgungspolitischer
Rahmenbedingungen reflektiert.
Material und Methoden Aggregierte Daten aller ambulanten
Suchthilfeeinrichtungen, die sich im genannten Zehnjahreszeitraum an der DSHS
beteiligt haben, wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet. Neben der Entwicklung des
Betreuungsvolumens beschreiben die Analysen soziodemografische,
störungs- und betreuungsrelevante Parameter im Zeitverlauf.
Ergebnisse Die Anzahl teilnehmender Einrichtungen (2007: n=720;
2016: n=863) ist im untersuchten Zeitraum gestiegen. Neben einigen
soziodemografischen Merkmalen (zunehmendes Durchschnittsalter, steigender
Frauenanteil, höheres Bildungsniveau) hat sich insbesondere die
Zusammensetzung der Hauptdiagnosen verändert. Trotz stark
rückläufigem Anteil (2007: 57,3%; 2016: 48,9%)
repräsentieren alkoholbezogene Störungen nach wie vor den
häufigsten Betreuungsanlass. Bei opioidbezogenen Störungen ist
ebenfalls ein Rückgang zu verzeichnen (2007: 18,6%, 2016:
13,7%), während cannabis-bezogene Störungen deutlich
zugenommen haben (2007: 12,1%, 2016: 17,8%). Der Anteil
positiver Betreuungsergebnisse war konstant hoch (2007: 64,5%, 2016:
64,1%).
Diskussion Die konstant positiven Betreuungsergebnisse deuten darauf hin,
dass auf veränderte Bedarfe der Suchthilfeklientel in richtigem
Maße reagiert wurde. Perspektivisch ist von einem Bedeutungszuwachs der
älteren Klientel sowie von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund in der
Suchthilfe auszugehen, was annahmegemäß weitere Anpassungen des
Angebots nach sich ziehen dürfte.