bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of scintillation light collection, production and propagation in a 4 tonne dual-phase LArTPC
Authors: Aimard B. , Aizawa L. , Alt C. , Asaadi J. , Auger M. , Aushev V. , Autiero D. , Balaceanu A. , Balik G. , Balleyguier L. , Bechetoille E. , Belver D. , Blebea-Apostu A.M. , Bolognesi S. , Bordoni S. , Bourgeois N. , Bourguille B. , Bremer J. , Brown G. , Brunetti L. , Brunetti G. , Caiulo D. , Calin M. , Calvo E. , Campanelli M. , Cankocak K. , Cantini C. , Carlus B. , Cautisanu B.M. , Chalifour M. , Chappuis A. , Charitonidis N. , Chatterjee A. , Chiriacescuf A. , Chiu P. , Conforti S. , Cotte P. , Crivelli P. , Cuesta C. , Dawson J. , De Bonis I. , De La Taille C. , Delbart A. , Di Luise S. , Doizon F. , Drancourt C. , Duchesneau D. , Dulucq F. , Duval F. , Emery S. , Ereditato A. , Falcone A. , Fusshoeller K. , Gallego-Ros A. , Galymov V. , Geffroy N. , Gendotti A. , Gherghel-Lascu A. , Gil-Botella I. , Girerd C. , Gomoiu M.C. , Gorodetzky P. , Hamada E. , Hanni R. , Hasegawa T. , Holin A. , Horikawa S. , Ikeno M. , Jiménez S. , Jipa A. , Karolak M. , Karyotakis Y. , Kasai S. , Kasami K. , Kishishita T. , Konari H. , Kreslo I. , Kryn D. , Kunzé P. , Kurokawa M. , Kuromori Y. , Lastoria C. , Lazanu I. , Lehmann-Miotto G. , Leyton M. , Lira N. , Loo K. , Lorca D. , Lutz P. , Lux T. , Maalampi J. , Maire G. , Maki M. , Manenti L. , Margineanu R.M. , Marteau J. , Martin-Chassard G. , Mathez H. , Mazzucato E. , Misitano G. , Mladenov D. , Molina Bueno L. , Mosu T.S. , Mu W. , Murphy S. , Nakayoshi K. , Narita S. , Navas-Nicolás D. , Negishi K. , Nessi M. , Niculescu-Oglinzanu M. , Noto F. , Noury A. , Onishchuk Y. , Palomares C. , Parvu M. , Patzak T. , Penichot Y. , Pennacchio E. , Periale L. , Pessard H. , Pietropaolo F. , Pugnere D. , Radics B. , Redondo D. , Regenfus C. , Remoto A. , Resnati F. , Ristea O. , Rubbia A. , Saftoiu A. , Sakashita K. , Sanchez F. , Santos C. , Scarpelli A. , Schloesser C. , Sendai K. , Sergiampietri F. , Shahsavarani S. , Shoji M. , Sinclair J. , Soto-Oton J. , Stanca D.I. , Stefan D. , Sulej R. , Tanaka M. , Toboaru V. , Tonazzo A. , Tromeur W. , Trzaska W.H. , Uchida T. , Urda L. , Vannucci F. , Vasseur G. , Verdugo A. , Viant T. , Vihonen S. , Vilalte S. , Weber M. , Wu S. , Yu J. , Zambelli L. , Zito M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The 3×1×1 m3 demonstrator is a dual phase liquid argon time projection chamber that has recorded cosmic rays events in 2017 at CERN. The light signal in these detectors is crucial to provide precise timing capabilities. The performance of the photon detection system, composed of five PMTs, are discussed. The collected scintillation and electroluminescence light created by passing particles has been studied in various detector conditions. In particular, the scintillation light production and propagation processes have been analyzed and compared to simulations, improving the understanding of some liquid argon properties.
Mitigation of CO2 emissions from international shipping through national allocation
Authors: Selin Henrik , Zhang Yiqi , Dunn Rebecca , Selin Noelle E , Lau Alexis K H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Neither international treaties nor domestic policies control carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from international shipping. To enhance mitigation, a new multilateral mechanism could allocate these emissions to national carbon budgets, where different options could be used based on the location of industry actors and ships. We analyze five allocation options, showing that a clear majority of CO2 emissions would be distributed to ten countries under each option; however, the top ten countries vary across allocation options and the amount of CO2 emissions allotted to individual countries could increase their carbon budgets thousand-fold or more. We further examine how the different objectives, principles for decision-making, and geographical coverage of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the International Maritime Organization influence the design and implementation of an allocation mechanism under each of these two bodies. We find that the allocation mechanism that best meets criteria related to effectiveness and equity would be one in which emissions are assigned to countries of ship owners, and which operates under the UNFCCC.
The influence of hydroclimate and management on forest regrowth across the western U.S
Authors: Hoylman Zachary H , Jencso Kelsey , Archer Vince , Efta James (Andy) , Holden Zachary A , Ballantyne Ashley P , Johnson Marie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Forests are subject to a range of management practices but it is unclear which produce the most rapid rates of regrowth across heterogeneous moisture gradients produced by regional climate and complex terrain. We analyzed recovery rates of satellite derived net primary productivity (NPP) over 27 years for 26 069 individual silvicultural treatments (stands) across the western U.S. at a 30 m resolution. Rates of NPP recovery and forest regrowth were on average 116% higher in wet landscapes with lower annual climatic water deficits (8.59 ± 5.07 gC m−2 yr−2, median ± inter-quartile range) when compared to dry landscapes (3.97 ± 2.67 gC m−2 yr−2). This extensive spatial analysis indicates that hydroclimate is a dominant driver of forest regrowth and that responses can be highly nonlinear depending upon local climate conditions. Differences in silvicultural treatment also strongly controlled rates of regrowth within hydroclimatic settings; microclimates produced by shelterwood treatments maximized regrowth in dry landscapes whereas regrowth following clearcutting was among the fastest in wet landscapes due to enhanced energy availability. Conversely, commercial thinning regrowth rates were insensitive to hydroclimate and relatively consistent across the western U.S. Planting had a differential effect on forest structure and rates of regrowth across hydroclimate with negative effects in wet environments and positive effects in dry environments. In aggregate, this study provides a novel remote sensing approach for characterizing forest regrowth dynamics across climatic gradients and the common treatment options employed.
Injection and Atomization of Diesel Fuel and Rapeseed Oil in Diesel Engine
Authors: Markov Vladimir , Devyanin Sergey , Sa Bowen , Neverov Vsevolod 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A comparative analysis of properties of petroleum diesel fuel and rapeseed oil is carried out. Numerical studies of the influence of fuel properties on the injection process of fuel are carried out by using ANSYS Fluent. The steady flow of these fuels in the flow channel of an injector nozzle for a 4-stroke turbocharged diesel engine D-245.12S (with cylinder bore-to-stroke ratio 11/12.5) was simulated at the maximum injector needle lift of 0.32 mm. The flow characteristics of petroleum diesel fuel and rapeseed oil - mass fuel consumption, injection velocity, turbulent kinetic energy at the nozzle hole outlet, and the total volume concentration of fuel vapors in the nozzle hole were obtained. The relationship between the turbulent kinetic energy at the nozzle hole outlet and the parameters of the fuel spray fineness is studied. Numerical studies of the relationship between the spray cone angle and the turbulent kinetic energy at the nozzle hole outlet were carried out. A correlation between fuel spraying parameters and the turbulent kinetic energy at the nozzle hole outlet was proposed.
The evolution of economic models of the Arctic regions - from a resource model to an innovative socially oriented one
Authors: Detter Gennady , Tukkel Iosif , Serebryakova Ruslana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted with the aim of developing scientifically sound methodological foundations for managing the formation of regional innovation systems in the Arctic countries as a tool to help overcome traditional geographic and economic determinism, stimulating economic growth and development by expanding the basic factors that determine the development of the macro-region. As a result of the study, patterns of the spatial development of innovation ecosystems have been identified. They determine the thesis of the invariant condition for the sustainable development of the Arctic regions. The Arctic regions, considered only as raw materials appendages, inefficiently use their potential, do not achieve the economic growth that could have been achieved in the case of innovative development of the territories, and as a result they get backward industry. The study made it possible to identify the prerequisites and key factors for the creation and development of effective innovation ecosystems.
The Arctic as a potential space for Great Power Competition
Authors: Nikulin Maksim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, the Arctic Ocean experienced a short reduction in both the extent and the amount of sea ice. These events, triggered by a global rise in temperature, have opened the door to more active use of new sea shipping routes and the possibilities of extraction of natural resources from deposits previously inaccessible. Such changes led to an increase in the activity of states both belonging to the Arctic region and outside it. The result of these processes was a gradual increase in rivalry between the key actors in the Arctic region. The author analyzes how the state of relations between the great powers affects the Arctic region. Using the example of relations between US and Russia, which are key in the Arctic, it is shown that, despite the growing rivalry between the two states, they least of all affect the Russian-American relations in this region. Against this background, there is growing and interesting another great power to this region - the PRC. In contrast to the Russian Federation and the United States, China uses a non-confrontational path in its activities in the Arctic region, advocates the preservation of peace and stability in it. As a result, the rivalry of states in the northern latitudes can be called a semblance of a Cold War on a regional scale.
Influence of Intellectual Infrastructure of Technological Development on the Personnel Management System at Industrial Enterprise
Authors: Miller Alexander , Yakovleva Elena 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
At industrial enterprises the problem of the human resources quality in the field of its compliance with the increased requirements due to innovative development of digital technologies is becoming more and more relevant. This circumstance necessitates a deep rethinking of the management priorities based on innovative development of digital technologies at domestic industrial enterprises. At the same time, managerial interest in the intellectualization of employees as a reproduction process built into the innovation activity increases. Using infrastructure-reproduction approach, the concept of intellectual infrastructure for technological development at industrial enterprises is formed. Its content and purposeful influence on transformation processes and improvement of the personnel management system are revealed. As the central target of such improvement, the management organization of employees’ intellectual resources is defined. Its values are determined by the interrelated components of human resources that form the intellectual potential of the personnel. The result is aimed at practical improvement of personnel management at modern industrial enterprises. Methods of system analysis, scientific modeling, as well as economic and statistical ones are used.
New traveling wave rational form exact solutions for strain wave equation in micro structured solids
Authors: Joseph Subin P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Strain wave equation is a fourth order non-linear partial differential equation that arises in the study of non-dissipative strain wave propagation in micro structured solids. This equation also represents the dynamics of several physical phenomena. This equation can also be consider as a generalization of Boussinesq equation with dual dispersion. In this paper, a general strain wave equation is considered and obtained several new exact solutions. A variant of F-expansion method is applied to obtain the required solutions. The available traveling wave exact solutions are primarily obtained by integrating the resulting fourth order ordinary differential equation twice. But, in this paper, we show that there exist several traveling wave solutions to strain wave equation which cannot be derived using the existing methods. Several families of new exact solutions in rational function form are derived using this novel method, without performing the initial integration.
Quantification of N-terminal amyloid-β isoforms reveals isomers are the most abundant form of the amyloid-β peptide in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Mukherjee Soumya , Perez Keyla A , Lago Larissa C , Klatt Stephan , McLean Catriona A , Birchall Ian E , Barnham Kevin J , Masters Colin L , Roberts Blaine R 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPlaques that characterize Alzheimer’s disease accumulate over 20 years as a result of decreased clearance of amyloid-β peptides. Such long-lived peptides are subjected to multiple post-translational modifications, in particular isomerization. Using liquid chromatography ion mobility separations mass spectrometry, we characterized the most common isomerized amyloid-β peptides present in the temporal cortex of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease brains. Quantitative assessment of amyloid-β N-terminus revealed that &gt; 80% of aspartates (Asp-1 and Asp-7) in the N-terminus was isomerized, making isomerization the most dominant post-translational modification of amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease brain. Total amyloid-β1–15 was ∼85% isomerized at Asp-1 and/or Asp-7 residues, with only 15% unmodified amyloid-β1–15 left in Alzheimer’s disease. While amyloid-β4–15 the next most abundant N-terminus found in Alzheimer’s disease brain, was only ∼50% isomerized at Asp-7 in Alzheimer’s disease. Further investigations into different biochemically defined amyloid-β-pools indicated a distinct pattern of accumulation of extensively isomerized amyloid-β in the insoluble fibrillar plaque and membrane-associated pools, while the extent of isomerization was lower in peripheral membrane/vesicular and soluble pools. This pattern correlated with the accumulation of aggregation-prone amyloid-β42 in Alzheimer’s disease brains. Isomerization significantly alters the structure of the amyloid-β peptide, which not only has implications for its degradation, but also for oligomer assembly, and the binding of therapeutic antibodies that directly target the N-terminus, where these modifications are located.
Sex differences in transaortic flow rate and association with all-cause mortality in patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Saeed Sahrai , Vamvakidou Anastasia , Zidros Spyridon , Papasozomenos George , Lysne Vegard , Khattar Rajdeep S. , Senior Roxy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
It is not known whether transaortic flow rate (FR) in aortic stenosis (AS) differs between men and women, and whether the commonly used cut-off of 200 mL/s is prognostic in females. We aimed to explore sex differences in the determinants of FR, and determine the best sex-specific cut-offs for prediction of all-cause mortality.

Methods and results
Between 2010 and 2017, a total of 1564 symptomatic patients (mean age 76 ± 13 years, 51% men) with severe AS were prospectively included. Mean follow-up was 35 ± 22 months. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease was significantly higher in men than women (63% vs. 42%, P &lt; 0.001). Men had higher left ventricular mass and lower left ventricular ejection fraction compared to women (both P &lt; 0.001). Men were more likely to undergo an aortic valve intervention (AVI) (54% vs. 45%, P = 0.001), while the death rates were similar (42.0% in men and 40.6% in women, P = 0.580). A total of 779 (49.8%) patients underwent an AVI in which 145 (18.6%) died. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, each 10 mL/s decrease in FR was associated with a 7% increase in hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality (HR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03–1.11, P &lt; 0.001). The best cut-off value of FR for prediction of all-cause mortality was 179 mL/s in women and 209 mL/s in men.

Conclusion
Transaortic FR was lower in women than men. In the group undergoing AVI, lower FR was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, and the optimal cut-off for prediction of all-cause mortality was lower in women than men.
Midwives providing maternal health services to poor women in the private sector: is it a financially feasible model?
Authors: Mumtaz Zubia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Governments in many low- and middle-income countries have increasingly turned to the private sector to address the gap in skilled birth attendance in rural areas. They draw on limited, but emerging evidence that the poor also seek private healthcare services. A question not addressed in this policy and strategy is: Can poor women pay the fees required for private-sector maternity care providers to financially sustain their practices? This article examined the financial viability of private-sector midwifery practices established to provide skilled birth services to Afghan refugee women in Baluchistan, Pakistan. An international non-governmental organization established 45 midwifery practices as part of a poverty alleviation project aimed at providing market-based solutions for female poverty. A retrospective micro-cost analysis was conducted on a sample of 11 practices. In-depth interviews were conducted with 33 stakeholders to explore the midwives’ experiences of operating private practices, and the facilitators and barriers they experienced. The single midwife-practices saw a mean of 8.7 ANC patients (range 1–19), attended 2.9 births (range 0–10) and provided care to 1.6 postnatal patients (range 0–7). The average net income of the 11 practices in May 2014 was US$81, but the median was just US$12. To contextualize these incomes, the midwives earned, on average, 25% of Pakistan’s minimum monthly living wage. The financial analysis showed only 3 out of 11 sampled practices could be considered financially viable. The qualitative data revealed that even in practices with reasonable client volumes, the patients’ inability to pay was the critical factor in the midwife practices’ low net incomes. The research provides empirical evidence of a potential pitfall of private funding models in resource-poor settings where providers rely on impoverished clients to pay user-fees. Such financial models essentially shift the government’s responsibility to provide safe childbirth services onto providers who can least afford to offer such care.
Proportionality and procedure of monetary policy-making
Authors: Egidy Stefanie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In a highly controversial decision, the German Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) decided that the Public Sector Purchase Program (PSPP) of the European Central Bank (ECB) was ultra vires because it violated the principle of proportionality. The FCC took a procedural approach to proportionality, finding that the ECB had failed to substantiate its balancing assessment. Therefore, the Court considered itself unable to review whether PSPP was substantively proportionate, but announced that it might do so in a future case. The judgment raises the fundamental question of how courts should review monetary policy. The article begins by exploring the role of central banks between independence and accountability. Then, it analyzes, in three steps, what role the principle of proportionality should play in the realm of monetary policy. First, I argue that a traditional substantive balancing test as part of proportionality review is not applicable to monetary policy decisions and highlight the pitfalls of the FCC’s approach. Second, I claim that the imposed procedural “duty to substantiate” is not suitable to promote the democratic accountability of the ECB. Third, I contend that, therefore, the PSPP ruling creates an impetus for strengthening the ECB’s supranational accountability. I suggest that improving the monetary dialogue with the EU Parliament and establishing a comprehensive transparency regime for the ECB could further this goal. Ultimately, I propose that a narrow reading of the PSPP ruling could reconcile the current conflict between the FCC and the ECB and still provide a sufficient level of judicial accountability for the ECB’s monetary policy-making.
Bnei Noah: History, Theory, and Practice
Authors: Polonsky Pinchas , Akhiezer Golda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The concept of Bnei Noah originated in ancient times. Throughout history it has remained purely theoretical, however, in recent times, we are witnessing tentative steps towards its practical implementation. The Bnei Noah is an emerging movement in a variety of countries. As such, Noahism now has practical halakhic and social implications. Our research focuses on changes in perception of Bnei Noah in the context of modern Judaism and the state of Israel. This is a first attempt to explore the characteristics, tendencies, and motivations of the contemporary Noahide movement.
H3K27M andTERTpromoter mutations are poor prognostic factors in surgical cases of adult thalamic high-grade glioma
Authors: Osada Yoshinari , Saito Ryuta , Shibahara Ichiyo , Sasaki Keisuke , Shoji Takuhiro , Kanamori Masayuki , Sonoda Yukihiko , Kumabe Toshihiro , Watanabe Mika , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThalamic high-grade gliomas (HGGs) are rare tumors with a dismal prognosis. H3K27M and telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp) mutations reportedly contribute to poor prognoses in HGG cases. We investigated the outcomes of surgically treated adult thalamic HGGs to evaluate the prognostic significance of H3K27M and TERTp mutations.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 25 adult patients with thalamic HGG who underwent maximum surgical resection from January 1997 to March 2020. The histological and molecular characteristics, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of the patients were compared. For molecular characteristics, target sequencing was used to determine the H3F3A, HIST1H3B, and TERTp mutations.ResultsH3K27M mutations were detected in 12/25 (48.0%) patients. TERTp mutations were not detected in H3K27M-mutant gliomas but were detected in 8/13 (61.5%) of H3 wild-type gliomas. Although it was not significant, H3K27M-mutant gliomas tended to have a shorter PFS (6.7 vs 13.1 months; P = .2928) and OS (22.8 vs 24.4 months; P = .2875) than H3 wild-type gliomas. Moreover, the prognosis of TERTp-mutant gliomas was as poor as that of H3K27M-mutant gliomas. Contrary, 5 gliomas harboring both H3 and TERTp wild-type showed a better median PFS (59.2 vs 6.4 months; P = .0456) and OS (71.8 vs 24.4 months; P = .1168) than those harboring H3K27M or TERTp mutations.ConclusionsTERTp-mutant gliomas included in the H3 wild-type glioma group limited patient survival as they exhibited an aggressive course similar to H3K27M-mutant gliomas. Comprehensive molecular work-up for the H3 wild-type cases may further confirm this finding.