bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Li9Yb2[PS4]5 and Li6Yb3[PS4]5: two lithium-containing ytterbium(III) thiophosphates(V) revisited
Authors: Lange Pia L. , Schleid Thomas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The lithium ytterbium ortho-thiophosphates Li9Yb2[PS4]5 and Li6Yb3[PS4]5 were prepared through the reaction of stoichiometric amounts of ytterbium metal, elemental sulfur, red phosphorus and lithium hemisulfide at elevated temperatures in sealed silica tubes. The compounds occur as dark red single crystals which crystallize monoclinically in space group C2/c with the lattice parameters a = 1487.98(9), b = 978.63(6), c = 2046.75(12) pm and β = 96.142(3)° for Li9Yb2[PS4]5 (Z = 4) and a = 2814.83(16), b = 997.34(6), c = 3338.52(19) pm and β = 113.685(3)° for Li6Yb3[PS4]5 (Z = 12). Li9Yb2[PS4]5 can be assigned to the structure type of Li9Nd2[PS4]5, whereas the structure of Li6Yb3[PS4]5 the structure is similar to that of the prototypic Li6Gd3[PS4]5. Both structures feature discrete [PS4]3– tetrahedra (d(P–S) = 202–207 pm) and strands of [YbS8]13− polyhedra (d(Yb–S) = 271–319 pm) propagating along [010]. When attributed to the general formula (Li3[PS4])
x
(Yb[PS4])
y
, ideas of the dimensionality of both structures can be derived. Whilst the lithium-richer Li9Yb2[PS4]5 (x/y = 1.5) develops planes with the composition

∞
2

{

[

Y
b

[

P

S
4

]

3

]

6
−

}

${}_{\infty }^{2}\left\{{\left[\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{b}{\left[\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{S}}_{4}\right]}_{3}\right]}^{6-}\right\}$

, Li6Yb3[PS4]5 (x/y = 0.667) exhibits a rather complex three-dimensional network of ytterbium-centered polyhedra connected via [PS4]3– tetrahedra with lithium cations in the framework structure

∞
3

{

[

Y

b
3

[

P

S
4

]

5

]

6
−

}

${}_{\infty }^{3}\left\{{\left[\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{b}}_{\mathrm{3}}{\left[\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{S}}_{4}\right]}_{5}\right]}^{6-}\right\}$

. These Li+ cations are hard to locate in both compounds, but reside in four- to sixfold sulfur coordination (d(Li–S) = 235–304 pm). Some Li+ positions are underoccupied and some Li+ cations share sites with Yb3+ cations in Li6Yb3[PS4]5, and even in Li9Yb2[PS4]5 their high displacement values suggest Li+ cation mobility. According to the empirical formulae, three Li+ cations have to be replaced with one Yb3+ cation to reach the lithium-poorer compound and structure (Li6Yb3[PS4]5) starting from the lithium-richer one (Li9Yb2[PS4]5).
PEPPSI complexes as potential prodrugs: enzyme inhibition, antioxidant activity, electrochemical characterization, molecular docking analysis
Authors: Üstün Elvan , Çelebi Mutlu S. , Ayvaz Melek Ç. , Şahin Neslihan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity analyzes of previously characterized pyridine-enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation (PEPPSI)-type Palladium(II) complexes with benzimidazole-type ligands {dichloro[L]pyridine palladium(II), L1: 1-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-3-[benzylbenzimidazole]-2-ylidene, L2: 1-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-3-[4-chloro benzylbenzimidazole]-2-ylidene, L3: 1-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-3-[3-methylbenzylbenzimidazole]-2-ylidene, L4: 1-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-3-[3,4,5-thrimethoxybenzylbenzimidazole]-2-ylidene, L5: 1-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-3-[3-naphthylbenzylbenzimidazole]-2-ylidene, L6: 1-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-3-[anthracen-9-ylmethylbenzimidazole]-2-ylidene} were performed and evaluated as potential drugs for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease. Inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) complexes was determined for the first time in literature. Chelating activities of the complexes were determined and compared with EDTA. Electrochemical characterization was performed using cyclic voltammetry method. Moreover, global reactivity descriptors and electronic transitions were evaluated by DFT/TDDFT methods and molecular docking interactions with human acetylcholine esterase, human butyrylcholine esterase and oxidoreductase were studied.
Macro Thermogravimetric Analyzers: Versatile and Underutilized Analytical Instruments
Authors: Riley John T. , Marsh Mason 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is an analytical technique in which changes in physical and chemical properties of materials are measured as a function of temperature or time or both. TGA is commonly used to determine selected characteristics of materials that exhibit either mass loss, or gain, because of decomposition, oxidation, reduction, or loss of volatile material, such as moisture. Common applications of TGA are materials characterization through analysis of characteristic decomposition patterns and determination of combustible materials and combustion residues from a sample. Macro thermogravimetric analyzer (macro TGA) systems that use gram-size samples have been used for almost four decades for routine laboratory measurements, especially those measurements that monitor industrial processes. The larger sample sizes allow more accurate mass measurements for characterization of materials. Larger sample sizes also reduce the effects of uneven particle sizes and uneven distribution of properties between particles. Macro TGAs are automatic multi-sample analyzers with a multi-position sample carousel. Widespread use of these systems has led to the development of at least four ASTM International standard test methods that use macro TGAs. Other standard test methods using macro TGAs are in the process of being developed by ASTM International. Some other countries have developed, or are in the process of developing, standard test methods that use macro TGA instrumentation.
Effect of empagliflozin on albuminuria, eGFR and serum creatinine: updated results from the ABCD nationwide empagliflozin audit
Authors: Crabtree Thomas SJ , Bickerton Alex , Elliott Jackie , Raghavan Rajeev , Barnes Dennis , Sivappriyan Siva , Phillips Suzanne , Evans Alison , Sennik Devesh , Rohilla Anurita , Gallen Ian , Ryder Robert EJ , - ABCD Empagliflozin Audit Contributors 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Evidence from phase III and the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trials have demonstrated improvements in renal endpoints with empagliflozin use. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial is currently underway and is assessing whether there are benefits of empagliflozin in improving renal outcomes in people both with and without diabetes, and the mechanism has been suggested to be similar to that of ACE inhibitors with the haemodynamic effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibition reducing intraglomerular pressure.Aim: To assess the impacts of empagliflozin use on albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a real-world UK-based audit.Methods: Data were collated via the ABCD nationwide audit programme, with analyses performed using either t-tests/ ANOVA or Wilcoxon signed rank/Kruskal–Wallis tests. Pre-specified stratified subgroup analyses by baseline eGFR and baseline albuminuria levels were also performed.Results: Our results demonstrated significant reductions in albuminuria across the population as a whole. When stratified by baseline albuminuria levels, those with microalbuminuria (30–300 μg/mg) or macroalbuminuria (>300 μg/mg) had significant improvements in urine albumin levels at 6-month (3–9-month) follow-up, with median changes of −17.7 μg/mg (p<0.0001; 95% CI −17.4 to −23.7) and 379.4 μg/mg (p=0.03; 95% CI −269.9 to −725.4), respectively. Across the population as a whole, eGFR reduced initially (at 6 months, −1.26 mL/min/1.73 m3; p<0.0001; 95% CI −0.87 to −1.64) before recovering to baseline by 24 months. When stratified by baseline eGFR, those with reduced renal function (eGFR <90) recovered quickest, with improvements in eGFR noted from baseline by 24 months.Conclusion: In this real-world analysis, the results are comparable to those in randomised controlled trials and are likely more generalisable to UK clinical practice. Unfortunately, we do not have clinical endpoints such as end-stage renal failure, renal death or dialysis as part of our dataset. Future audits could consider including these data to establish clinical as well as biochemical outcomes.
Giant bilateral adrenal lipoma in a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Kienitz Tina , Schwander Jörg , Bogner Ulrich , Schwabe Michael , Steinmüller Thomas , Quinkler Marcus 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Apart from adrenal myelolipomas, adrenal lipomatous tumors are rare and only seldom described in the literature. We present the case of a 50-year-old man, with a classical form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), which was well treated with prednisolone and fludrocortisone. The patient presented with pollakisuria and shortness of breath while bending over. On MRI, fat-equivalent masses were found in the abdomen (14 × 19 × 11 cm on the right side and 10 × 11 × 6 cm on the left side). The right adrenal mass was resected during open laparotomy and the pathohistological examination revealed the diagnosis of an adrenal lipoma. Symptoms were subdued totally postoperatively. This is the first report of a bilateral adrenal lipoma in a patient with CAH that we are aware of.

Learning points:

Macronodular hyperplasia is common in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).

Solitary adrenal tumors appear in approximately 10% of adult CAH patients and are often benign myelolipomas.

The Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline does not recommend routine adrenal imaging in adult CAH patients.

Adrenal imaging should be performed in CAH patients with clinical signs for an adrenal or abdominal mass.

Adrenal lipoma is rare and histopathological examinations should rule out a differentiated liposarcoma.
Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus complications: Metabolic events and control
Authors: Ohiagu Franklyn O. , Chikezie Paul C. , Chikezie Chinwendu M. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, which is associated with impaired insulin secretion and peripheral sensitivity and eventual b-cell dysfunction. This review summarized the major metabolic pathways leading to both microvascular and macrovascular complications in DM, with a view of highlighting the enzymes involved and the possible inhibition of the enzymes facilitating these processes as a measure of diabetic control.
Methods: Data used in writing this review were sourced online from scientific search engines such as Google Scholar, Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed, ResearchGate, Mendeley, Medline, and SpringerLink, using keywords such as 'diabetic complications', 'hyperglycemia-induced diabetic mechanisms', 'diabetic enzymes' and 'diabetic enzyme inhibitors'. A total number of 109 references published online between 1990 and 2020 were generated and cited in this review.
Results: The most scourging and dilapidating effects of DM as well as associated vascular complications are classified into four categories viz.: nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and cardiovascular disease. Hyperglycemia, which is associated with uncontrolled DM, elicits abnormal metabolism such that the enzymes involved in metabolic events leading to diabetic complications are expressed and amplified. The disorders associated with DM are linked to various metabolic pathways facilitated by enzyme activities of the polyol pathway, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, glucose autoxidation as well as increased synthesis of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), hexokinase-2 driven glycolytic overload, increased activities of the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and pyruvate kinase (PKC) enzymes. The inhibition of the enzymes involved in these pathways could serve to mitigate and arrest diabetic complications.
Conclusion: Thus, suitable inhibitors for enzymes involved in DM metabolic events could serve as panaceas against DM complications, which will add to the growing list of new and more efficacious antidiabetic drugs.
Pediatric Interprofessional ICU Ethics Rounds: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Kana Lulia A. , Feder Katherine J. , Matusko Niki , Firn Janice I. 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:We sought to examine whether sociodemographic differences, such as race and socioeconomic status, existed between patients in the PICU, pediatric cardiothoracic ICU (PCTU), and NICU who were identified as having ethical issues during interprofessional ethics rounds and all other patients admitted to these units and to characterize the primary ethical issues identified in this context.METHODS:We compared sociodemographic factors among patients admitted to a quaternary academic children’s hospital between January 2017 and December 2018 who were identified as having ethical issues during PICU, PCTU, and NICU interprofessional ethics rounds (n = 122) with those of all other patients admitted to these units (n = 4971). χ2 tests or Fisher’s exact tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, and a multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed.RESULTS:With bivariate analyses, we detected significant differences by race, insurance type, and ventilator dependence, but no significant differences between the 2 groups existed on the basis of sex, ethnicity, religion, primary language, age, or a socioeconomic status metric. After we adjusted for confounders using a multivariable logistic regression analysis, only patients who were ventilator dependent were at significantly higher odds (odds ratio = 5.78; confidence interval = 3.69–9.04; P &lt; .001) of being identified as having ethical issues. Goals of care was the most frequent ethical issue (44%).CONCLUSIONS:Except for ventilator dependence, patients with ethical issues during PICU, PCTU, and NICU interprofessional ethics rounds are demographically similar to overall patients admitted in these units. Future research should be used to assess whether proactive rounds impact the timing of ethics consultation requests as well as to determine if interprofessional ethics rounds influence volume and acuity in formal ethics consultation practices.
Obesity and Corticosteroid Dosing Guideline Adherence in Children Hospitalized With Asthma
Authors: Kyler Kathryn E. , Bettenhausen Jessica L. , Hall Matt , Glynn Earl F. , Hoffman Mark A. , Shakhnovich Valentina , Smolderen Kim , Davis Ann M. 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Drug dosing recommendations for children with obesity remain limited. This may lead to variability in medication dosing among children with obesity. Therefore, our objective was to determine differences in the prevalence of guideline-nonadherent systemic corticosteroid orders by weight category in children hospitalized for asthma.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of children aged 2 to 17 years hospitalized with asthma and prescribed systemic corticosteroids between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017, using the Cerner Health Facts deidentified database. Weight categories ranging from underweight to class III obesity were defined on the basis of BMI percentiles by using CDC guidelines. Corticosteroid orders were categorized as guideline adherent or nonadherent on the basis of total body weight–based dosing guidelines from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. χ2 test and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine differences in guideline adherence between weight categories.

RESULTS:
We identified 21 488 children prescribed systemic corticosteroids during asthma hospitalizations. Most (54.2%) had a healthy weight, and 23.8% had obesity. Almost one-quarter received guideline-nonadherent orders (22.2%), with increasing prevalence among higher weight categories (19.4% of healthy weight children versus 36.0% of those with class III obesity; P &lt; .001). After controlling for demographic and clinical covariates, weight category remained significantly associated with receiving a guideline-nonadherent order (P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The prevalence of guideline-nonadherent corticosteroid orders for children hospitalized with asthma increases linearly with weight category, disproportionately affecting children with severe obesity. Standardization of drug dosing guidelines for children with obesity may help reduce variability in drug doses prescribed that may increase risk of harm.
Optimizing Oral Medication Schedules for Inpatient Sleep: A Quality Improvement Intervention
Authors: Mozer Christine L. , Bhagat Palak H. , Seward Sarah A. , Mason Noah R. , Anderson Samantha L. , Byron Maxx , Peirce Leah B. , Konold Victoria , Kumar Madan , Arora Vineet M. , Orlov Nicola M. 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Hospitalized children experience frequent nighttime awakenings. Oral medications are commonly administered around the clock despite the comparable efficacy of daytime administration schedules, which promote sleep. With this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a quality improvement initiative to increase the proportion of sleep-friendly antibiotic administration schedules.

METHODS:
Interprofessional stakeholders modified computerized provider order entry defaults for 4 oral antibiotic medications, from around the clock to administration occurring exclusively during waking hours. Additionally, care-team members received targeted education. Outcome measures included the proportion of sleep-friendly administration schedules and patient caregiver–reported disruptions to sleep. Pre- and posteducation surveys were used to evaluate education effectiveness. Balancing measures were missed antibiotic doses and related escalations of care.

RESULTS:
Interrupted time series analysis revealed a 72% increase (interceptpre: 18%; interceptpost: 90%; 95% confidence interval: 65%–79%; P &lt; .001) in intercept for percentage of orders with sleep-friendly administration schedules (orders: npre = 1014 and npost = 649). Compared with preeducation surveys, care-team members posteducation were more likely to agree that oral medications scheduled around the clock cause sleep disruption (resident: 71% pre, 90% post [P = .01]; nurse: 63% pre, 79% post [P = .03]). Although sleep-friendly orders increased, patient caregivers reported an increase in sleep disruption due to medications (pre 28%, post 46%; P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
A simple, low-cost intervention of computerized provider order entry default modifications and education can increase the proportion of sleep-friendly oral antibiotic administration schedules for hospitalized children. Patient perception of sleep is impacted by multiple factors and often does not align with objective data. An increased focus on improving sleep during hospitalization may result in heightened awareness of disruptions.
Evaluation and Improvement of Intern Progress Note Assessments and Plans
Authors: Kelly Michelle M. , Sklansky Daniel J. , Nackers Kirstin A.M. , Coller Ryan J. , Dean Shannon M. , Eickhoff Jens C. , Bentley Nicole L. , Nacht Carrie L. , Shadman Kristin A. 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Progress notes communicate providers’ assessments of patients’ diagnoses, progress, and treatment plans; however, providers perceive that note quality has degraded since the introduction of electronic health records. In this study, we aimed to (1) develop a tool to evaluate progress note assessments and plans with high interrater reliability and (2) assess whether a bundled intervention was associated with improved intern note quality without delaying note file time.

METHODS:
An 8-member stakeholder team developed a 19-item progress note assessment and plan evaluation (PNAPE) tool and bundled intervention consisting of a new note template and intern training curriculum. Interrater reliability was evaluated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient. Blinded assessors then used PNAPE to evaluate assessment and plan quality in pre- and postintervention notes (fall 2017 and 2018).

RESULTS:
PNAPE revealed high internal interrater reliability between assessors (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.86; 95% confidence interval: 0.66–0.95). Total median PNAPE score increased from 13 (interquartile range [IQR]: 12–15) to 15 (IQR: 14–17; P = .008), and median file time decreased from 4:30 pm (IQR: 2:33 pm–6:20 pm) to 1:13 pm (IQR: 12:05 pm–3:59 pm; P &lt; .001) in pre- and postintervention notes. In the postintervention period, a higher proportion of assessments and plans indicated the primary problem requiring ongoing hospitalization and progress of this problem (P = .0016 and P &lt; .001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
The PNAPE tool revealed high reliability between assessors, and the bundled intervention may be associated with improved intern note assessment and plan quality without delaying file time. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether these improvements can be sustained throughout residency and reproduced in future intern cohorts and other inpatient settings.
Changes in Pediatric Emergency Department Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Haddadin Zaid , Blozinski Anna , Fernandez Kailee , Vittetoe Kelly , Greeno Amber L. , Halasa Natasha B. , Lovvorn Harold N. 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Community mitigation measures were implemented to decrease the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. In this study, we aimed to evaluate changes in pediatric emergency department (ED) visits, secondary to acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) and trauma, before and during the pandemic. We hypothesized that the numbers of ED visits and ARIs would decrease, whereas the proportion of trauma visits would increase.

METHODS:
A retrospective study from 2018 to 2020 was performed on children 18 years and younger presenting to the ED either for ARI or trauma at a high-volume comprehensive pediatric hospital between March and May each year. International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification admission diagnosis codes were used to identify ARI, trauma, and injury mechanisms. Pearson’s χ2 test was used to compare proportions between categorical variables.

RESULTS:
Overall, 6393 total ED visits occurred in 2020, compared with 11 758 and 12 138 in 2018 and 2019, respectively. In 2020, the total ARI number declined by 58%, and ARI frequency decreased significantly, whereas the total trauma number declined by 34%, and the proportion of trauma visits significantly increased. In addition, the number and proportion of recreational vehicle crashes increased, whereas the number and proportion decreased for all intentional and animal-related traumas.

CONCLUSIONS:
The total number of pediatric ED visits dropped precipitously in 2020, but the proportion of trauma visits increased significantly in 2020, accounting for greater than one-quarter of all ED visits. Injury mechanism varied significantly compared to previous years. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the benefits of community mitigation to decrease ARIs and strategies directed to reduce mechanism-specific trauma.
Diastolic Blood Pressure as a Predictor of Mortality in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke Patients with Hypertension
Authors: Juli Cep , Gamayani Uni , Atik Nur 
Published: April 2021

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) stroke contributes to a considerable number of deaths, ranging between 30% and 40% of the overall stroke mortality. The incidence of stroke increases with higher blood pressure. High blood pressure at the onset of ICH stroke is a strong predictor for mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to explore the role of diastolic blood pressure as a predictor of death in ICH stroke patients.Methods: Data on 113 ICH stroke patients with chronic hypertension were collected from the medical records of patients treated in the Neurology ward of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, in 2019. Data collected were patient characteristics, hypertension status, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and patient outcome. Analysis was then performed using the Mann-Whitney test.Results: This study revealed a positive correlation (p=0.031) between diastolic blood pressure and death in ICH stroke patients with chronic hypertension.Conclusion: High diastolic blood pressure is associated with mortality in ICH stroke patients with chronic hypertension.