bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1′-Acetoxychavicol Acetate from Alpinia galanga Represses Proliferation and Invasion, and Induces Apoptosis via HER2-signaling in Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Pradubyat Nalinee , Giannoudis Athina , Elmetwali Taha , Mahalapbutr Panupong , Palmieri Carlo , Mitrpant Chalermchai , Ketchart Wannarasmi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEstrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients have a good prognosis, but 30% of these patients will experience recurrence due to the development of resistance through various signaling pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the mode of anticancer effects of 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate, which is isolated from the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga in estrogen receptor positive (MCF7) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressed (MCF7/HER2), and endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF7/LCC2 and MCF7/LCC9). 1′-Acetoxychavicol acetate showed antiproliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion and had higher potency in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressed cell lines. This was associated with down-regulation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, pERK1/2, pAKT, estrogen receptor coactivator, cyclin D1, and MYC proto-oncogene while in vivo and significant reduction in the tumor mass of 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate-treated zebrafish-engrafted breast cancer groups. The anti-invasive effects of 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate were confirmed in vitro by the matrigel invasion assay and with down-regulation of C – X-C chemokine receptor type 4, urokinase plasminogen activator, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor 2 genes. The down-regulation of urokinase plasminogen activator and fibroblast growth factor 2 proteins was also validated by molecular docking analysis. Moreover, 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate-treated cells exhibited lower expression levels of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 proteins in addition to enhanced stress-activated kinases/c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 and poly-ADP ribose polymerase cleavage, indicating apoptotic cell induction by 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate. Moreover, 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate had higher potency in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressed cell lines regarding its inhibition on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, pAKT, pERK1/2, PSer118, and PSer167-ERα proteins. Our findings suggest 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate mediates its anti-cancer effects via human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway.
Eyelid Surgery in Gravesʼ Orbitopathy
Authors: Hintschich Christoph 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPatients with Gravesʼ orbitopathy often develop eyelid changes. These may be the result of a volume effect or a malposition. Both dermatochalasis with fat tissue increase and eyelid retraction may lead to functional or aesthetic impairment. The present article reviews indications, timing and principles for corrective eyelid surgery. If at all possible, surgical eyelid correction in Gravesʼ orbitopathy should be performed once the disease became inactive and stabile. Surgical details of eyelid lengthening procedures for upper and lower eyelid retraction are presented. Meanwhile anterior blepharotomy became the primary procedure for upper eyelid lengthening. However, there is no such standard procedure for lower eyelid lengthening, although it is recommended to use a spacer. For blepharoplasty it is mandatory to distinguish between orbital fat prolapse and subbrow fat pad. A prolapse of the lacrimal gland should not be missed and generally, skin excision performed
sparingly.
IntraMolecular Diels–Alder Reactions of Vinylarenes and Alkynyl Arenes (the IMDAV Reaction)
Authors: Zubkov Fedor I. , Krishna Gaddam , Grudinin Dmitry G. , Nikitina Eugeniya V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis comprehensive review summarizes the published literature data concerning the intramolecular Diels–Alder reactions of vinylarenes (the IMDAV reaction) and alkynyl arenes from 1970 to 2019, and covers mainly intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition reactions of vinyl- or acetylene-substituted furans, thiophenes, pyrroles, indoles, imidazoles, benzenes, and naphthalenes, in which the unsaturated substituent is linked directly to an arene moiety. The selected area of the Diels–Alder reaction differs from other forms of [4+2] cycloadditions due to the uniqueness of the diene fragment, which, along with an exocyclic multiple bond, includes the double bond of an aromatic or heteroaromatic nucleus in its system. Thus, during the formation of the [4+2] cycloaddition intermediate, the aromaticity of furan, thiophene and even benzene rings is broken, leading, as a rule, to the formation of heterocyclic structures rarely accessible by other methods, in contrast to the majority of intermolecular Diels–Alder reactions, with the highest degree of chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselectivity. Therefore, the IMDAV approach is often used for the synthesis of naturally occurring and bioactive molecules, which are also discussed in this review alongside other applications of this reaction. Whenever possible, we have tried to avoid examples of radical, photochemical, oxidative, precious-metal-complex-catalyzed cyclizations and other types of formal [4+2] cycloadditions, focusing on thermal Diels–Alder reactions in the first step, according to the classical mechanism. The second stage of the process, aromatization, is unique for many initial substrates, and hence considerable attention in this overview is given to the detailed description of the reaction mechanisms.1	Introduction2	IMDAV Reactions of Vinylfurans2.1	Alkenes as Internal Dienophiles2.2	Alkynes and Allenes as Internal Dienophiles3	IMDAV Reactions of Vinylthiophenes3.1	Alkenes as Internal Dienophiles3.2	Alkynes as Internal Dienophiles4	IMDAV Reactions of Vinylbenzothiophenes5	IMDAV Reactions of Vinylpyrroles6	IMDAV Reactions of Vinylindoles6.1	Alkenes as Internal Dienophiles6.2	Alkynes as Internal Dienophiles7	IMDAV Reactions of Styrenes and Vinylnaphthalenes7.1	Alkenes as Internal Dienophiles7.2	Alkynes as Internal Dienophiles7.3	Alkynes as Internal Dienophiles in Aryl Acetylenes	(the Intramolecular Dehydro Diels–Alder Reaction)8	IMDAV Reactions of Vinylimidazoles, Vinylisoxazoles and	Vinylpyridines9	Conclusion10	Abbreviations
Perioperative Management of Nasal Septal Perforation: A Case Series and Review
Authors: Wakeford William James , Shamil Eamon , D'Souza Alwyn Ray 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNasal septal perforation is a prevalent pathology, and its successful treatment remains a significant challenge. Surgical closure is complex, and there are a plethora of accounts of various surgical techniques within the existing literature. Much less has been written about perioperative considerations, which are arguably just as important. This article therefore focuses predominantly on the pre and postoperative management of patients with septal perforation. By drawing both on the existing literature and a series of 64 cases managed over several years by our department, this review aims to consolidate guidance on patient selection, timing of surgical intervention, postoperative splinting, use of antibiotics, and patient advice. It is clear that the size of the perforation (relative to the size of the septum), health of surrounding mucosa, and the systemic health and age of the patient remain essential considerations in patient selection and operative timing. Internal and external splints are widely used to good effect, but the role of nasal packing is less clear-cut. This article suggests packing, but with an increasing preference for NasoPore over BIPP (bismuth iodoform paraffin paste). Use of prophylactic antibiotics remains controversial. The complete closure rate for the series presented here was 81.3%, with an average perforation diameter of 15.1 mm (range: of 6–32 mm), and that for perforations with a diameter below 22 mm was 97.9%.
Role of Multidisciplinary Care in the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Byrd Kia , Alqahtani Saleh , Yopp Adam C. , Singal Amit G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite advances in treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 5-year survival for HCC remains below 20%. This poor survival is multifactorial but is partly related to underuse of curative treatment in clinical practice. In light of growing treatment options, delivered by different types of providers, optimal management requires input from multiple specialties. A multidisciplinary approach has been evolving over the past couple of decades, bringing different specialists together to develop a therapeutic plan to treat and manage HCC, which significantly increases timely guideline-concordant treatment and improves overall survival. The present review attempts to highlight the need for such a multimodal approach by providing insights on its potential structure and impact on the various aspects of HCC management.
Challenges of Diagnosing Hyponatremic Syndromes in Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Ewa Atana U. , Ochang Ernest A. , Inaku Keneth O. , Adams Emmanuel B. , Anachuna Kingsley C. , Imoke Echeng J. , Cobham Antigha I. , Brown Ekaete S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is one of the rare pulmonary infections causing hyponatremia (serum sodium ˂135 mmol/L) and severe hyponatremia (serum sodium ˂125 mmol/L). Although the major cause of hyponatremia in TB patients is syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion, cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) can occur and requires evidence of inappropriate urinary salt losses and reduced arterial blood volume. Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is rare in TB with scanty literature describing it. The two reported cases highlight three possible causes of severe symptomatic hyponatremia in TB pleural effusion and disseminated TB, their treatment modalities, and the need to increase the index of suspicion to diagnose TB hyponatremia in children.
Case Report Case 1: a 10-year-old girl with TB pleural effusion who developed recurrent hyponatremia in the first few weeks of anti-TB treatment which was responsive to sodium correction. Case 2: an 8-year-old girl presenting to our facility with presumptive TB. She deteriorated over several months and progressed to disseminated TB with AI.
Discussion Early diagnosis and prompt and correct treatment of TB hyponatremia cannot be overemphasized, as AI, SIADH secretion, and CSWS, each require different therapeutic regimens, most especially AI on its own poses a huge clinical challenge.
Conclusion A high index of suspicion, with intensified case finding at all levels of care, is necessary to identify and manage children with TB hyponatremia because early diagnosis and prompt treatment is lifesaving.
Why Africa cannot prosecute (or even educate) its way out of road accidents: insights from Ghana
Authors: Boateng Festival Godwin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe paper sheds light on the problem of the growing embracement of penal populism (fines and prison sentences) as a measure for dealing with road trauma in Africa through a case study of Ghana. It argues that the policy of hunting for rogue drivers to make roads safer in the continent is as ineffective as killing mosquitoes one by one to control malaria. The best remedy is to drain the swamps in which they breed. The swamps, in respect of road trauma in Africa, are the ineffective public transportation systems and the focus on constructing more expensive roads, which encourage the importation of more old cars, and a high dependence on privately run, deregulated commercial passenger transport sectors that are structurally embedded in driver exploitation. These factors coupled with police corruption and the traffic congestions induced by private capital-driven land-use patterns are what underlie safety-adverse driving and road transport problems generally in the continent. More fundamentally, the paper argues that the law enforcement-heavy approach to road trauma essentializes African drivers as having a danger-prone driving culture. This generates (in)discipline concerns that act as a red herring by deflecting attention from the structural factors undermining road safety in the continent: the continuing effects of neoliberal programs funded by international development bodies, and the profiteering and political interests of powerful coalitions of private transport owners’ unions and public officials that have molded and entrenched the continent’s road transport sectors in its present problematic forms to serve particular purposes. The paper hopes to move road safety conversations in Africa away from the present thinking that enforcing greater punishments against drivers, rather than addressing the broader societal systems whose effects manifest in the road transport sector, is “the” answer to the unacceptably high rate of carnages on the continent’s roads.
Design and characterization of a resonant microwave cavity as a diagnostic for ultracold plasmas
Authors: van Ninhuijs M. A. W. , Daamen K. A. , Beckers J. , Luiten O. J. 
Published: January 2021

We present the design and commissioning of a resonant microwave cavity as a novel diagnostic for the study of ultracold plasmas. This diagnostic is based on the measurements of the shift in the resonance frequency of the cavity, induced by an ultracold plasma that is created from a laser-cooled gas inside. This method is simultaneously non-destructive, very fast (nanosecond temporal resolution), highly sensitive, and applicable to all ultracold plasmas. To create an ultracold plasma, we implement a compact magneto-optical trap based on a diffraction grating chip inside a 5 GHz resonant microwave cavity. We are able to laser cool and trap (7.25 ± 0.03) × 107 rubidium atoms inside the cavity, which are turned into an ultracold plasma by two-step pulsed (nanosecond or femtosecond) photo-ionization. We present a detailed characterization of the cavity, and we demonstrate how it can be used as a fast and sensitive probe to monitor the evolution of ultracold plasmas non-destructively. The temporal resolution of the diagnostic is determined by measuring the delayed frequency shift following femtosecond photo-ionization. We find a response time of 18 ± 2 ns, which agrees well with the value determined from the cavity quality factor and resonance frequency.
Association of health-related quality of life with self-management and satisfaction of relationship with healthcare professionals in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Matsuura Emi , Origuchi Tomoki , Hamasaki Miwa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe explored associations between health-related quality of life (QOL) with self-management and satisfaction with relationships with medical professionals among female rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsFemale RA outpatients completed anonymized self-reported questionnaires. Their confidence in self-managing different aspects of RA and satisfaction with relationships with medical professionals were assessed using a visual analog scale. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify factors correlated with health-related QOL.ResultsValid responses were received from 145 subjects. Mean PCS and MCS scores were 43.0 and 50.4, respectively, suggesting that female RA patients experience reduced QOL despite low disease activity, without perceiving difficulties in their daily lives. PCS scores correlated negatively with the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ) scores, and MCS scores correlated positively with stress self-management and patient–provider satisfaction, but negatively with mHAQ scores. PCS and MCS scores were not significantly influenced by demographic or clinical characteristics including age, disease duration, Steinbrocker stage (or class), or biologic use.ConclusionTo improve health-related QOL in these patients, we must establish good patient–provider relationships and personalize strategies based on physical and mental conditions, enabling normal daily living. We should help achieve functional and social remission by improving their confidence in self-managing their disease.
Gradual exacerbation of knee flexion angle after total knee arthroplasty in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Saiki Yoshitomo , Ojima Tomohiro , Kabata Tamon , Kubo Naoyuki , Hayashi Seigaku , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on knee extension/flexion angle and its early clinical course after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsPatients who received TKA were retrospectively divided into two groups based on haemoglobinA1c level; the DM group (23 knees) and the control group (23 knees matched for baseline characteristics). The passive knee extension/flexion angle, gait speed and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 6 and 12 months postoperatively.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the passive knee flexion angle at 1 and 6 months postoperatively between the groups (p = .302, p = .160, respectively). The passive knee flexion angle was significantly lower at 12 months postoperatively in the DM group than the control group (p = .014). In the DM group, the passive knee flexion angle at 6 and 12 months significantly decreased compared with that at 1 month postoperatively (p = .021, p &lt; .001, respectively). There were no significant differences in the knee extension angle, gait speed and JOA score between the groups.ConclusionPatients with DM are likely to experience passive knee flexion angle exacerbating from 1 to 6 months after TKA.
Spherically symmetric linear perturbations of electrically counterpoised dust
Authors: Aceña Andrés , Gentile de Austria Ivan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider spherically symmetric linear perturbations of static spherically symmetric spacetimes where the matter content is electrically counterpoised dust. We show that the evolution equation for the fluid perturbation implies that the fluid elements move with constant velocities. Therefore there are neither oscillations nor exponential departure from the background solution. We present an explicit example showing that the perturbation could lead to the formation of a black hole.
Crossing the phantom divide line as an effect of quantum transitions
Authors: Dimakis N , Paliathanasis Andronikos 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider the chiral cosmological model consisting of two scalar fields minimally coupled to gravity. In the context of a Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetime, and for massless fields in the presence of a cosmological constant, we present the general solution of the field equations. The minisuperspace configuration that possesses maximal symmetry leads to scenarios which—depending on the admissible value of the parameters—correspond to a quintessence, quintom or phantom case. The canonical quantization of the model retrieves this distinction as different families of quantum states. The crossing of the phantom line is related to the existence of free or bound states for the Casimir operator of the symmetry algebra of the fields. The classical singularity, which is present in the quintessence solution, is also resolved at the quantum level.
Silicon-chip based electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters fabricated using wafer-level micro-casting technique
Authors: Han Ruofeng , Wang Nianying , Wang Jiachou , Gu Jiebin , Li Xinxin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper reports a silicon-chip based electromagnetic (EM) vibration energy harvester that is fabricated with a wafer-level micro-casting technique to form on-chip integrated 3D metal solenoids and magnet sliding channels. Many solenoids of 150-turn coil are simultaneously formed by filling molten ZnAl
x
alloy into the pre-micromachined solenoid moulds in one wafer within 7 min. After saw dicing to obtain the solenoid chips, a sliding permanent magnet for responding to environmental vibration is inserted into the pre-etched silicon channel inside the solenoid. Excited by external vibration, the magnet can slide in the channel to generate electricity. The size of the micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) harvester chip is only 10.5 × 2.5 × 1.7 mm3. The experimental results show that the energy harvester can efficiently collect vibration energy in the environment. Under excited acceleration-amplitude of 49 m s−2 (i.e. 5 g) at the frequency of 24 Hz, the normalized power density (NPD) generated from the harvester reaches 12.38 μW cm−3 g−2. By comparing with reported non-MEMS wire-wound EM harvesters and on-chip piezoelectric/electrostatic ones, this silicon-chip based EM harvester exhibits much superior NPD.
Design and material for a patternable polysiloxane acrylate-based penetrating intracortical neural probe
Authors: Jung Woojin , Heo Chaejeong , Kim Jong Uk , Jeong Chanho , Ryu Hyewon , Park Byeonghak , Suh Minah , Kim Tae-il 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Despite significant demand for penetrating intracortical neural probes (PINPs), challenges remain regarding their biocompatibility and stability due to the mechanical mismatch between brain tissue and PINPs. Here, we propose a promising UV patternable polymeric material for PINPs and a design criterion for optimizing the geometry of polymeric PINPs. UV-curable polysiloxane acrylate (PSA) shows remarkably low cytotoxicity in vitro, comparable to that of polyimide. Real-time two-photon imaging of CX3CR1-gfp-Tg mice reveals that a PSA microneedle shows a markedly low immune-responsive effect. The photo-patternability and modulus-tunability of PSA provide effective design capability, even for hierarchical structures. Also, we found a design criterion suggesting minimized scar that can penetrate the tissue surface, reducing both iatrogenic injury and mechanical mismatch while simultaneously dampening tissue micromotion. This damping behaviour of polymeric PINPS was shown by both experimental methods and finite element method simulation. Finally, we fabricated gold electrodes on PSA microneedles and successfully recorded local field potentials during seizure activity.
Frustrated tunneling ionization in strong circularly polarized two-color laser fields
Authors: Cao Chuanpeng , Li Min , Liang Jintai , Guo Keyu , Zhou Yueming , Lu Peixiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study the frustrated tunneling ionization (FTI) in counter-rotating and co-rotating circularly polarized two-color (CPTC) laser fields using a classical electron ensemble method. We find that the FTI probability depends sensitively on the relative helicity and the field amplitude ratio of the two-color laser fields. The FTI probability in the counter-rotating CPTC laser fields is three orders higher than that in the co-rotating fields. In the counter-rotating CPTC laser fields, the maximal FTI probability appears at the field amplitude ratio of ∼2.0, while in the co-rotating CPTC laser fields it appears at the ratio of ∼3.6. Tracing the electron trajectories, we find that recollision-assisted recapture plays an important role for the FTI in the CPTC laser fields. We further show that the angular momentum of the Rydberg state from the FTI events can be controlled by changing the field amplitude ratio of the counter-rotating CPTC laser fields, while it is nearly unchanged in the co-rotating CPTC laser fields.