bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guided tooth autotransplantation in edentulous areas post‐orthodontic treatment
Authors: Abella Sans Francesc , Ribas Ferran , Doria Guillermo , Roig Miguel , Durán‐Sindreu Fernando 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTooth autotransplantation with a complete root formation to replace one or more lost teeth is indicated as a cost‐effective alternative to implants. The aim of this case report was to describe a successfully guided autotransplantation of a maxillary third molar with fully formed roots into a surgically created socket after orthodontic space opening.Clinical considerationsA guided autotransplantation of the maxillary left third molar into the missing maxillary left first molar site was chosen. After virtually orientating donor tooth to confirm its optimum fit, it was deemed necessary to open 4 mm the mesiodistal space. Following the orthodontic movement, a 3‐dimensional (3D)‐guiding template and a milled surgical guide were manufactured to allow the donor tooth to be transplanted exactly in the planned position. The 2‐year follow‐up periapical radiograph showed a continuous periodontal space with no signs of apical periodontitis or root resorption.ConclusionsVirtual planning and 3D‐printed tooth replica combined with guided surgery can simplify the autotransplantation technique for both the clinician and the patient, particularly when the socket has been completely created during surgery.Clinical significanceVirtual digital planning, which can accurately calculate the exact space to open orthodontically before an autotransplantation, could prove essential to enhancing the precision of 3D placement of the donor tooth in the recipient site.
Clinical approach to chronic wound management in older adults
Authors: Alam Wahila , Hasson Jonathan , Reed May 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOlder adults are at high risk of developing chronic wounds due to numerous changes that occur with aging. It is reasonable to consider chronic wounds as a geriatric syndrome—highly prevalent, multifactorial, and associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Due to the morbidity and cost associated with chronic wounds, prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment are important. The most common chronic wounds presenting in older adults are pressure and vascular wounds, including those associated with diabetes. Atypical wounds are also common and should raise the suspicion for skin malignancy. Diagnosis is primarily clinical and assessment should include documentation of wound characteristics, such as location, size and depth, presence of slough, drainage, odor, and infection. The mainstay of treatment is based on the TIME principle: Tissue debridement, Infection control, Moisture balance, and optimal wound Edges. The use of protein supplements has been shown to improve wound healing in subsets of older adults. In addition to wound care and optimizing nutrition, disease‐specific wound therapy forms an integral part of wound management. Pressure reduction for pressure injury, compression therapy for venous wounds, evaluation of arterial circulation with ABI or arterial Doppler and iCC for diabetic ulcers form the mainstays of therapy. Atypical wounds may present as chronic ulcers and should be biopsied. The goals of treatment should be realistic and for some older adults, palliative wound management may be more appropriate.
Hypothalamic neuropeptides and neurocircuitries in Prader Willi syndrome
Authors: Correa‐da‐Silva Felipe , Fliers Eric , Swaab Dick F. , Yi Chun‐Xia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrader‐Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare and incurable congenital neurodevelopmental disorder, resulting from the absence of expression of a group of genes on the paternally acquired chromosome 15q11‐q13. Phenotypical characteristics of PWS include infantile hypotonia, short stature, incomplete pubertal development, hyperphagia and morbid obesity. Hypothalamic dysfunction in controlling body weight and food intake is a hallmark of PWS. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that PWS subjects have abnormal neurocircuitry engaged in the hedonic and physiological control of feeding behavior. This is translated into diminished production of hypothalamic effector peptides which are responsible for the coordination of energy homeostasis and satiety. So far, studies with animal models for PWS and with human post‐mortem hypothalamic specimens demonstrated changes particularly in the infundibular and the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, both in orexigenic and anorexigenic neural populations. Moreover, many PWS patients have a severe endocrine dysfunction, e.g. central hypogonadism and/or growth hormone deficiency, which may contribute to the development of increased fat mass, especially if left untreated. Additionally, the role of non‐neuronal cells, such as astrocytes and microglia in the hypothalamic dysregulation in PWS is yet to be determined. Notably, microglial activation is persistently present in non‐genetic obesity. To what extent microglia, and other glial cells, are affected in PWS is poorly understood. The elucidation of the hypothalamic dysfunction in PWS could prove to be a key feature of rational therapeutic management in this syndrome. This review aims to examine the evidence for hypothalamic dysfunction, both at the neuropeptidergic and circuitry levels, and its correlation with the pathophysiology of PWS.
Uptake of interferon‐free DAA therapy among HCV‐infected decompensated cirrhosis patients and evidence for decreased mortality
Authors: McDonald Scott A. , Barclay Stephen T. , Innes Hamish A. , Fraser Andrew , Hayes Peter C. , Bathgate Andrew , Dillon John F. , Went April , Goldberg David J. , Hutchinson Sharon J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInterferon‐free DAA therapies have recently been licensed for patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who have decompensated cirrhosis (DC). Our aim was to describe factors associated with uptake of IFN‐free DAAs in DC patients and to compare mortality risk and hospital admission rates between pre‐DAA and DAA eras. This observational study used record‐linkage between Scotland's HCV Clinical Database and national inpatient hospitalization and mortality registers. For the DAA uptake analysis, the study population (n = 297) was restricted to patients alive on 1 November 2014, and Cox regression was used to estimate uptake associated with various covariates. For the Cox regression of mortality comparing pre‐DAA and DAA eras, the study population (n = 624) comprised those diagnosed with DC in 2005–2018; follow‐up was censored at two years. DAA uptake was 63% overall and was significantly higher for treatment‐experienced patients (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.64, 95% CI:1.14–2.34), genotype 1 vs. other genotypes (aHR = 1.55. 95% CI:1.15–2.10) and lower for persons diagnosed with DC pre‐2014 (0.47, 95% CI:0.33–0.68) and in Greater Glasgow (0.64, 95% CI:0.47–0.88). The intention‐to‐treat SVR rate was 89% (95% CI:83–93%). All‐cause and liver‐related mortality risk were significantly reduced among patients diagnosed with DC in the DAA era (November 2014–December 2018) compared with the pre‐DAA era (2005–October 2014) (aHRs of 0.68, 95% CI:0.49–0.93; 0.69, 95% CI:0.50–0.95, respectively); in contrast, hospital admission rates were higher in the DAA era (aRR = 1.14, 95% CI:1.04–1.26). The majority of HCV‐infected DC patients engaged with specialist services can be treated with IFN‐free DAAs. Improved survival among patients diagnosed with DC in the DAA era supports the beneficial impact of IFN‐free therapies among those with advanced liver disease.
Only partial improvement in health‐related quality of life after treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection with direct acting antivirals in a real‐world setting—results from the German Hepatitis C‐Registry (DHC‐R)
Authors: Ohlendorf Valerie , Schäfer Arne , Christensen Stefan , Heyne Renate , Naumann Uwe , Link Ralph , Herold Christoph , Schiffelholz Willibold , Günther Rainer , Cornberg Markus , Serfert Yvonne , Maasoumy Benjamin , Wedemeyer Heiner , Kraus Michael R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImprovement of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is frequently reported as a benefit when treating hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) with direct acting antivirals (DAA). As most of the available data were obtained from clinical trials, limited generalizability to the real‐world population might exist. This study aimed to investigate the impact of DAA therapy on changes in HRQoL in a real‐world setting. HRQoL of 1180 participants of the German Hepatitis C‐Registry was assessed by Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36) questionnaires. Scores at post‐treatment weeks 12–24 (FU12/24) were compared to baseline (BL). Changes of ≥2.5 in mental and physical component summary scores (MCS and PCS) were defined as a minimal clinical important difference (MCID). Potential predictors of HRQoL changes were analysed. Overall, a statistically significant increase in HRQoL after DAA therapy was observed, that was robust among various subgroups. However, roughly half of all patients failed to achieve a clinically important improvement in MCS and PCS. Low MCS (p < .001, OR = 0.925) and PCS (p < .001, OR = 0.899) BL levels were identified as predictors for achieving a clinically important improvement. In contrast, presence of fatigue (p = .023, OR = 1.518), increased GPT levels (p = .005, OR = 0.626) and RBV containing therapy regimens (p = .001, OR = 1.692) were associated with a clinically important decline in HRQoL after DAA therapy. In conclusion, DAA treatment is associated with an overall increase of HRQoL in HCV‐infected patients. Nevertheless, roughly half of the patients fail to achieve a clinically important improvement. Especially patients with a low HRQoL seem to benefit most from the modern therapeutic options.
Scrutinizing the Monotonicity Assumption in IV and fuzzy RD designs*
Authors: Fiorini Mario , Stevens Katrien 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhenever treatment effects are heterogeneous, and there is sorting into treatment based on the gain, monotonicity is a condition that both instrumental variable (IV) and fuzzy regression discontinuity (RD) designs must satisfy for their estimate to be interpretable as a local average treatment effect. However, applied economic work often omits a discussion of this important assumption. A possible explanation for this missing step is the lack of a clear framework to think about monotonicity in practice. In this paper, we use an extended Roy model to provide insights into the interpretation of IV and fuzzy RD estimates under various degrees of treatment effect heterogeneity, sorting on gain and violation of monotonicity. We then extend our analysis to two applied settings to illustrate how monotonicity can be investigated using a mix of economic insights, data patterns and formal tests. For both settings, we use a Roy model to interpret the estimate even in the absence of monotonicity. We conclude with a set of recommendations for the applied researcher.
Impact of once‐daily ER‐Tac on trough concentration variability in a stable AYA renal transplant recipient cohort
Authors: Chandran Mary Moss , Blanchette Eliza , Goebel Jens , Bock Margret 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuccessful renal transplantation requires complex medication regimens that rely on strict adherence to be effective. Variability in immunosuppression exposure, specifically tacrolimus, is associated with poor allograft outcomes. Wide intra‐patient variability of tacrolimus trough concentrations (Vtac) is likely, in part, attributable to regimen complexity and poor medication adherence. Once‐daily tacrolimus formulations create opportunity to simplify therapeutic regimens, and this study aims to evaluate their impact on Vtac and ultimately transplant outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study investigated stable (AYA) renal transplant recipients converted from (IR‐Tac) to (ER‐Tac). Subjects served as their own controls. Vtac was assessed by measuring the (SD) of serial tacrolimus trough concentrations prior to and at four time points post‐conversion to ER‐Tac over 24‐month follow‐up. Secondary outcome measures included graft function, infection rates, and effect on modifiable treatment‐related factors.ResultsTwenty‐eight AYA subjects were converted from IR‐Tac to ER‐Tac. Vtac significantly improved following conversion and was sustained for 24 months (Vtac0 2.32 vs. Vtac24 1.11, p .017). Renal function remained stable, and (BPAR) rates were modest (14%). Mean pill burden was reduced by 15%, and 42.9% of subjects achieved a once‐daily medication regimen.ConclusionsConversion from IR‐Tac to ER‐Tac in this AYA population significantly improved Vtac with sustained effect over 2 years. This effect is likely attributable in part to simplification of the medication regimen and presumably improved medication adherence. Such conversion does not appear to compromise graft function for at least 2 years post‐conversion.
Outcomes of allogeneic transplantation for hemoglobin Bart’s hydrops fetalis syndrome in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Wilson Y. K. , Lee Pamela P. W. , Lee Vincent , Chan Godfrey C. F. , Leung Wing , Ha S. Y. , Cheuk Daniel K. L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundHemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome (BHFS) was once considered a fatal condition universally. Medical advances over the past three decades have resulted in increasing numbers of BHFS survivors. This retrospective review summarized local territory‐wide experience and outcomes of BHFS patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in Hong Kong.MethodsAll BHFS patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT in Hong Kong, either in one of the two former pediatric transplant centers (Queen Mary Hospital and Prince of Wales Hospital) on or before 2019 or in the single territory‐wide pediatric transplant center (Hong Kong Children's Hospital) since 2019, from January 1, 1996, till December 31, 2020, were included. Basic demographic data, perinatal history, transplant details, long‐term outcomes, and morbidities were reviewed.ResultsTotal five allogeneic HSCT were performed in two males and three females at a median age of 22 months, which include one 8/8 matched‐sibling bone marrow transplant, one 5/6 matched‐sibling cord blood transplant with HLA‐DR antigenic mismatch, two 12/12 matched‐unrelated peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT), and one haploidentical PBSCT with TCRαβ/CD45RA depletion from maternal donor. Neutrophil and platelet engrafted (>20 × 109/L) at a median of 15 and 22 days, respectively. All achieved near full donor chimerism at 1 month. All patients survived and remained transfusion‐independent without significant morbidities with median follow‐up duration of 10 years.ConclusionTo conclude, local data demonstrated favorable outcome of allogeneic HSCT for BHFS patients, but sample number is small. Non‐directive approach in counseling and international collaboration is recommended.
Myofibroblastoma of the breast showing rare palisaded morphology and uncommon desmin‐ and CD34‐negative immunophenotype: A case report
Authors: Akiya Masashi , Osako Tomo , Morizono Hidetomo , Furuta Noriyuki , Kikuchi Mari , Ueno Takayuki , Ohno Shinji , Takeuchi Kengo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMyofibroblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor typically arising in the breast. We report a diagnostically challenging case of myofibroblastoma of the breast showing a rare palisaded morphology and an uncommon desmin‐ and CD34‐negative immunophenotype. A 73‐year‐old man underwent an excision for an 8 mm‐sized breast mass. Histology revealed that the tumor was composed of fascicles of bland spindle cells showing prominent nuclear palisading and Verocay‐like bodies. First, schwannoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and synovial sarcoma were suspected given the palisaded morphology. However, none of them was confirmed by immunohistochemical or molecular analyses. Next, a palisaded variant of myofibroblastoma was suspected by the morphology and coexpression of estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors, BCL2 and CD10 in immunohistochemistry. However, the key diagnostic markers, desmin and CD34, were both negative. Finally, the diagnosis of myofibroblastoma was confirmed by detecting RB1 loss in immunohistochemistry and monoallelic 13q14 deletion (RB1 and FOXO1 loss) by fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. For the correct diagnosis of myofibroblastoma, it is important for pathologists to recognize the wide morphological spectrum, including a palisaded morphology, and the immunophenotypical variations, including desmin‐ and CD34‐negative immunophenotypes, and to employ a comprehensive diagnostic analysis through combined histological, immunohistochemical and molecular evaluations.
Implications of exchange rate volatility for trade: Volatility measurement matters
Authors: Roehling Allison 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe relationship between exchange rate volatility and trade is inconclusive in the current literature. I find evidence this is due to variation in definitions of exchange rate volatility. My results suggest common volatility measures weigh variation differently over time and economic conditions. Using an autoregressive distributed lag model, I demonstrate the importance of volatility measurement to the estimated relationship of volatility and exports. I find substantial variation across volatility measures, trading partners, and pre‐/post‐2008. When significant, the relationship is almost always negative, albeit unsubstantial. In order to overcome the literature's mixed results, the definition of volatility needs to be standardized.
Vibration Characteristics Diagnosis and Estimation of Fault Sizes in Rolling Contact Bearings: A Model-Based Approach
Authors: Jamadar I. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A novel model-based technique is presented in this paper for the estimation of the fault size in different components of rolling contact bearings. A detailed dimensional analysis of the problem is carried out and an experimental methodology using the Box–Behnken design is applied to generate the experimental data set. First, the analysis of the vibration acceleration amplitude at fault frequency, its dependence on the bearing operating, and fault parameters using the obtained vibration data set are carried out by statistical analysis of variance. Numerical equations are developed then using the experimental data set for the correlation of the vibration acceleration amplitude in the frequency domain with the fault sizes based on the developed dimensionless terms. A hybrid backpropagation neural network integrating genetic algorithm is also developed to check the computational performance of the developed model equations. Validation of the proposed method is carried experimentally also for three seeded defect sizes on the outer race, inner race, and rolling element. The maximum model accuracy observed is for the inner race defect case with a predictive accuracy of 99.44% and for the roller defect case, it is 98.77%. The deviance observed for the model predictive performance is maximum for the outer race defect case with the least accuracy of 90.47% amongst all.
Chapter 2: Reversing Policy Neglect in U.S. Physical Education: A Policy-Focused Primer
Authors: van der Mars Hans , Lawson Hal A. , Mitchell Murray , Ward Phillip 
Published: May 2021

Notwithstanding the contributions of a few policy experts, overall physical education is constrained by policy illiteracy and neglect. A brief historical perspective on physical education policy provides a foundation for “a policy primer” founded on three recurring needs: (a) antecedent and corequisite factors meriting attention in support of policy improvement, (b) field-wide capacity-building in support of policy advocacy and improvement, and (c) specialized policy courses and seminars in physical education teacher education and doctoral physical education teacher education programs. Recommendations for policy-focused research and development structure a new agenda that merits attention and action.
Long-term outcome of cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation for fornix reconstruction in chronic cicatrising diseases
Authors: Komai Seitaro , Inatomi Tsutomu , Nakamura Takahiro , Ueta Mayumi , Horiguchi Go , Teramukai Satoshi , Kimura Yasuko , Kagimura Tatsuo , Fukushima Masanori , Kinoshita Shigeru , Sotozono Chie 
Published: May 2021

Background/aimsTo investigate the long-term outcomes of cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET) for fornix reconstruction in eyes with chronic cicatrising disease.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study involved 16 eyes of 15 patients who underwent COMET for symblepharon release and fornix reconstruction between June 2002 and December 2008. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 102.1±46.0 months (range: 32–183 months). The treated cicatrising disorders included ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP, five eyes), thermal/chemical injury (three eyes) and other chronic diseases (seven eyes; including recurrent pterygium (two eyes), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (one eye) and graft-versus-host disease (one eye)). Ocular-surface appearance was evaluated before surgery, at 1, 4, 12 and 24 weeks postoperative, and then annually based on the previously reported scoring system. Main outcome measures included overall and disease-specific fornix-reconstruction success probabilities analysed by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Symblepharon/fornix-shortening recurrence at 24 weeks postoperative, and its relationship to long-term surgical success was also examined.ResultsAt 5 years postoperative, the mean±SD overall fornix-reconstruction success probability was 79.6%±10.7%, and success probability for thermal/chemical injury and OCP was 100% and 53.3%±24.8%, respectively (p=0.53, log-rank test). The 3-year success probability was significantly higher in the no-disease-recurrence group at 24 weeks postoperative (13 eyes) than in the disease-recurrence group (three eyes) (100% and 33.3%±27.2%, respectively) (p=0.0073, log-rank test).ConclusionCOMET was found to be safe and effective for symblepharon release and long-term fornix reconstruction in eyes with chronic cicatrisation. Although the 5-year success probability differed depend on the underlying disease, ocular-surface appearance at 24 weeks postoperative is a factor for predicting long-term outcome.