bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly for the Fabrication of Photonic Films and Pigments
Authors: Wang Zhen , Chan Chun Lam Clement , Zhao Tianheng H. , Parker Richard M. , Vignolini Silvia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe self‐assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) into photonic materials has drawn significant attention due to the flexibility and diversity of the building blocks that can be synthesized. This review provides a brief overview of the development of this research area and then discusses in detail recent advances in the use of BCPs as photonic pigments. In particular, the role of confinement upon the self‐assembly process to form well‐ordered lamellae is described and compared to correlated disordered structures derived from densely packed micelles. These systems respectively act as 1D (multilayered) photonic crystals and photonic glasses and are here critically compared in terms of their structural characteristics and optical performance. Finally, based on this understanding, the current challenges in this field are discussed and the potential for future developments is explored.
Flexible Conducting Composite Film with Reversible In‐Plane Folding–Unfolding Property
Authors: Sun Peiru , Ma Chuao , Chen Yong , Liu Hongliang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFlexible conducting films in the forms of bendability or stretchability are developed as a key component to enable soft electronics. With the requirements of miniaturization and portability of modern electronics, conducting film that can endure in‐plane shrinkage is urgently needed but still remains challenging. Here, a new type of conducting film achieving reversible in‐plane folding–unfolding function with large deformation by infusing conductive liquids into hierarchically structured polymer films consisting of both nanostructured polymer nanofibers and microstructured frames is reported. Nanostructured polymer nanofibers that can be completely wetted by the conductive liquids provide capillary forces to gain reversible in‐plane folding–unfolding property, while the microstructured frames greatly enhance the extent during folding–unfolding process. Conductivity of the produced films can be significantly improved by rationally tuning the composition of infused conductive liquids, which always keeps high values during the folding–unfolding deformation. It is believed that this work may serve as the basis for robust fabrication of flexible conducting films with reversible in‐plane folding–unfolding function, and can also put one‐step forward of modern soft electronics.
NbSe2 Meets C2N: A 2D‐2D Heterostructure Catalysts as Multifunctional Polysulfide Mediator in Ultra‐Long‐Life Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yang Dawei , Liang Zhifu , Zhang Chaoqi , Biendicho Jordi Jacas , Botifoll Marc , Spadaro Maria Chiara , Chen Qiulin , Li Mengyao , Ramon Alberto , Moghaddam Ahmad Ostovari , Llorca Jordi , Wang Jiaao , Morante Joan Ramon , Arbiol Jordi , Chou Shu‐Lei , Cabot Andreu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe shuttle effect and sluggish conversion kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) hamper the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Toward overcoming these limitations, herein an in situ grown C2N@NbSe2 heterostructure is presented with remarkable specific surface area, as a Li–S catalyst and LiPS absorber. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results comprehensively demonstrate that C2N@NbSe2 is characterized by a suitable electronic structure and charge rearrangement that strongly accelerates the LiPS electrocatalytic conversion. In addition, heterostructured C2N@NbSe2 strongly interacts with LiPS species, confining them at the cathode. As a result, LSBs cathodes based on C2N@NbSe2/S exhibit a high initial capacity of 1545 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. Even more excitingly, C2N@NbSe2/S cathodes are characterized by impressive cycling stability with only 0.012% capacity decay per cycle after 2000 cycles at 3 C. Even at a sulfur loading of 5.6 mg cm−2, a high areal capacity of 5.65 mAh cm−2 is delivered. These results demonstrate that C2N@NbSe2 heterostructures can act as multifunctional polysulfide mediators to chemically adsorb LiPS, accelerate Li‐ion diffusion, chemically catalyze LiPS conversion, and lower the energy barrier for Li2S precipitation/decomposition, realizing the “adsorption‐diffusion‐conversion” of polysulfides.
Age variation in blood pressure: Rural–urban and sex differences among the Hmar adults of Manipur, Northeast India
Authors: Lalnuneng Abigail 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncrease in blood pressure (BP) is thought to be an unavoidable consequence of ageing but in secluded communities and in rural areas this is not the case.AimsThe present study aims to examine blood pressure response with age across place of residence and sex; the prevalence of hypertension in relation to place of residence and sex; and to find out the relative importance of biological and behavioural factors as risk factors for hypertension among the Hmar adults (17 to 70 years of age) of Manipur, Northeast India.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional sample was collected on 1207 Hmars adults residing in rural and urban settings in Manipur, Northeast India. Demographic data, blood pressure, height, weight and behavioural factors were collected.ResultsBlood pressure significantly increases with an increasing age and this trend is more pronounced in urban settings compared to rural settings. The overall prevalence of hypertension in the present study is about 21 per cent. Urban Hmar males, rural and urban Hmar females who are ≥ 45 years of age show significantly higher risk of developing hypertension compared to their counterparts who are < 45 years of age, but the same is not observed in Hmar males from rural areas. Males show significantly higher odds of developing hypertension compared to females in both the settings. Obesity is the strongest predictor of hypertension in both the place of residence and sexes.Discussion and ConclusionThe present study confirms that population blood pressure does not show a marked increase with increasing age in traditional/rural areas which is clearly perceptible in Hmar men. It also strengthen the case that urban residence, men, increasing age and overweight and/or obese significantly increases the odds of developing hypertension.
Entschlüsselung der ligandeninduzierten Verdrehung eines homodimeren Enzyms mit Hilfe der gepulsten Elektron‐Elektron‐Doppelresonanz‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Nguyen Dzung , Abdullin Dinar , Heubach Caspar A. , Pfaffeneder Toni , Nguyen Andreas , Heine Andreas , Reuter Klaus , Diederich François , Schiemann Olav , Klebe Gerhard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMechanistische Erkenntnisse über Protein‐Ligand‐Wechselwirkungen können chemische Werkzeuge für die Modulation von Proteinfunktionen liefern und deren Einsatz zu therapeutischen Zwecken ermöglichen. Für das homodimere Enzym tRNA‐Guanin‐Transglycosylase (TGT), eine virulenzrelevante Zielstruktur der Shigellose, wurde kristallographisch gezeigt, dass die Bindung bestimmter Liganden die funktionale Dimergeometrie in eine katalytisch‐inkompetente verdrehte Geometrie umwandelt. Die kristallographische Beobachtung beider Endzustände beweist jedoch weder die ligandeninduzierte Umwandlung zwischen beiden Dimerformen in Lösung noch gibt sie Aufschluss über den zugrunde liegenden Umwandlungsmechanismus. Wir sind diesen Fragen mit einem Ansatz nachgegangen, der ortsspezifische Spinmarkierung (SDSL) mit Abstandsmessungen auf der Grundlage der gepulsten Elektron‐Elektron‐Doppelresonanz‐Spektroskopie (PELDOR oder DEER) kombiniert. Wir beobachteten ein Gleichgewicht zwischen dem funktionalen und dem verdrehten Dimer, das von der chemischen Struktur des Liganden abhängt, wobei ein Pyranose‐substituierter Ligand das Gleichgewicht am stärksten in Richtung des verdrehten Dimers verschiebt. Unsere Experimente deuten auf einen Dissoziations‐Assoziations‐Mechanismus für die Bildung des verdrehten Dimers bei Ligandenbindung hin.
Three‐Dimensional Radical Covalent Organic Frameworks as Highly Efficient and Stable Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Chen Fengqian , Guan Xinyu , Li Hui , Ding Jiehua , Zhu Liangkui , Tang Bin , Valtchev Valentin , Yan Yushan , Qiu Shilun , Fang Qianrong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith excellent designability, large accessible inner surface, and high chemical stability, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising candidates as metal‐free heterogeneous catalysts. Here, we report two 3D radical‐based COFs (JUC‐565 and JUC‐566) in which radical moieties (TEMPO) are uniformly decorated on the channel walls via a bottom‐up approach. Based on grafted functional groups and suitable regular channels, these materials open up the application of COFs as highly efficient and selective metal‐free redox catalysts in aerobic oxidation of alcohols to relevant aldehydes or ketones with outstanding turn over frequency (TOF) up to 132 h−1, which has exceeded other TEMPO‐modified catalytic materials tested under similar conditions. These stable COF‐based catalysts could be easily recovered and reused for multiple runs. This study promotes potential applications of 3D functional COFs anchored with stable radicals in organic synthesis and material science.
Implanting Numerous Hydrogen‐Bonding Networks in a Cu‐Porphyrin‐Based Nanosheet to Boost CH4 Selectivity in Neutral‐Media CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Wang Yi‐Rong , Liu Ming , Gao Guang‐Kuo , Yang Yi‐Lu , Yang Ru‐Xin , Ding Hui‐Min , Chen Yifa , Li Shun‐Li , Lan Ya‐Qian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe exploration of novel systems for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) for the production of hydrocarbons like CH4 remains a giant challenge. Well‐designed electrocatalysts with advantages like proton generation/transferring and intermediate‐fixating for efficient CO2RR are much preferred yet largely unexplored. In this work, a kind of Cu‐porphyrin‐based large‐scale (≈1.5 μm) and ultrathin nanosheet (≈5 nm) has been successfully applied in electrochemical CO2RR. It exhibits a superior FE
of 70 % with a high current density (−183.0 mA cm−2) at −1.6 V under rarely reported neutral conditions and maintains FE
>51 % over a wide potential range (−1.5 to −1.7 V) in a flow cell. The high performance can be attributed to the construction of numerous hydrogen‐bonding networks through the integration of diaminotriazine with Cu‐porphyrin, which is beneficial for proton migration and intermediate stabilization, as supported by DFT calculations. This work paves a new way in exploring hydrogen‐bonding‐based materials as efficient CO2RR catalysts.
Enantio‐ and Regioselective Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Dioxygenation of (Aza‐)Alkenols
Authors: Giofrè Sabrina , Molteni Letizia , Nava Donatella , Lo Presti Leonardo , Beccalli Egle Maria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn oxidative Pd‐catalyzed intra‐intermolecular dioxygenation of (aza‐)alkenols has been reported, with total regioselectivity. To study the stereoselectivity, different chiral ligands as well as different hypervalent‐iodine compounds have been compared. In particular, by using a C‐6 modified pyridinyl‐oxazoline (Pyox) ligand and hypervalent iodine bearing an aromatic ring, an excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity has been achieved.
Inhibition of S. aureus Infection of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) by Trehalose‐ and Glucose‐Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Yimeng , Ariotti Nicholas , Aghaei Behnaz , Pandzic Elvis , Ganda Sylvia , Willcox Mark , Sanchez‐Felix Manuel , Stenzel Martina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicrobial adhesion to host cells represents the initial step in the infection process. Several methods have been explored to inhibit microbial adhesion including the use of glycopolymers based on mannose, galactose, sialic acid and glucose. These sugar receptors are, however, abundant in the body, and are not unique to bacteria. Trehalose, in contrast, is a unique disaccharide that is widely expressed by microbes. This carbohydrate has not yet been explored as an anti‐adhesive agent. Herein, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with trehalose‐based polymers were prepared and compared to glucose‐functionalized AuNPs and examined for their ability to prevent binding to endothelial cells. Acting as anti‐adhesive agents, trehalose‐functionalized NPs decreased the binding of S. aureus to HUVECs, while outperforming the control NPs. Microscopy revealed that trehalose‐coated NPs bound strongly to S. aureus compared to the controls. In conclusion, nanoparticles based on trehalose could be a non‐toxic alternative to inhibit S. aureus infection.
Unraveling a Ligand‐Induced Twist of a Homodimeric Enzyme by Pulsed Electron–Electron Double Resonance
Authors: Nguyen Dzung , Abdullin Dinar , Heubach Caspar A. , Pfaffeneder Toni , Nguyen Andreas , Heine Andreas , Reuter Klaus , Diederich François , Schiemann Olav , Klebe Gerhard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMechanistic insights into protein–ligand interactions can yield chemical tools for modulating protein function and enable their use for therapeutic purposes. For the homodimeric enzyme tRNA‐guanine transglycosylase (TGT), a putative virulence target of shigellosis, ligand binding has been shown by crystallography to transform the functional dimer geometry into an incompetent twisted one. However, crystallographic observation of both end states does neither verify the ligand‐induced transformation of one dimer into the other in solution nor does it shed light on the underlying transformation mechanism. We addressed these questions in an approach that combines site‐directed spin labeling (SDSL) with distance measurements based on pulsed electron–electron double resonance (PELDOR or DEER) spectroscopy. We observed an equilibrium between the functional and twisted dimer that depends on the type of ligand, with a pyranose‐substituted ligand being the most potent one in shifting the equilibrium toward the twisted dimer. Our experiments suggest a dissociation–association mechanism for the formation of the twisted dimer upon ligand binding.
Fabrication and characterization of electrospun nanofibers of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix sarcoplasmic protein recovered by acid‐chitosan flocculation coupling treatment
Authors: Zhou Wenyan , Deng Hongbin , Xiong Shanbai , Huang Qilin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFish sarcoplasmic proteins (FSP) account for 20%–40% of the muscle protein and its high‐value utilization has become an urgent problem to be solved. Here, directly freeze‐dried sarcoplasmic protein (DFSP) and chitosan flocculated sarcoplasmic protein (CFSP) nanofibers were successfully fabricated by electrospinning technology and characterized in terms of morphology, chemical interaction, surface and mechanical properties, and thermal stability. SDS‐PAGE indicated similar protein bands for both DFSP and CFSP. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed good spinnability for CFSP and DFSP. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X‐ray diffraction results unveiled an interaction between sarcoplasmic protein and chitosan in CFSP nannofiber. Furthermore, CFSP nanofiber exhibited better performance than DFSP nanofiber in surface hydrophobicity, thermal stability, elasticity and flexibility. These results suggest the potential application of FSP nanofiber in functional components or drugs delivery, contributing to high‐value utilization of FSP.
A new perfusion mode of culture for WJ‐MSCs expansion in a stirred and online monitored bioreactor
Authors: Sion Caroline , Ghannoum Dima , Ebel Bruno , Gallo Fanny , de Isla Natalia , Guedon Emmanuel , Chevalot Isabelle , Olmos Eric 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs a clinical dose requires a minimum of 106 cells per kilogram of patients, it is, therefore, crucial to develop a scalable method of production of Wharton Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ‐MSCs) with maintained inner characteristics. Scalable expansion of WJ‐MSCs on microcarriers usually found in cell culture, involves specific cell detachment using trypsin and could have harmful effects on cells. In this study, the performance of batch, fed‐batch, and perfused‐continuous mode of culture were compared. The batch and fed‐batch modes resulted in expansion factors of 5 and 43, respectively. The perfused‐continuous mode strategy consisted of the implementation of a settling tube inside the bioreactor. The diameter of the tube was calculated to maintain microcarriers colonized by cells in the bioreactor whereas empty microcarriers (responsible for potentially damaging collisions) were removed, using a continuous flow rate based on MSCs physiological requirements. Thanks to this strategy, a maximal number of 800 million cells was obtained in a 1.5 L bioreactor in 10 days. Lastly, online dielectric spectroscopy was implemented in the bioreactor and indicated that cell growth could be monitored during the culture.
The antitumor mechanisms of aerobic exercise: A review of recent preclinical studies
Authors: Jia Ningxin , Zhou Yanan , Dong Xiaosheng , Ding Meng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAerobic exercise is an important non‐pharmacological means of antitumor intervention, but related mechanisms are poorly understood. In this review, previous studies are summarized from the aspects of tumor oxygenation, autophagy versus apoptosis, and organismal immunity. Current findings on the antitumor effects of aerobic exercise involve AMPK signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, Th1/Th2 cytokine balance related to immunity, PD‐1/PD‐L1 immunosuppressive signaling, and related cytokine pathways. Several directions for further research are proposed, including whether newly discovered subgroups of cytokines influence the effects of aerobic exercise on tumors, tailoring corresponding exercise prescriptions based on the bidirectional effects of certain cytokines at different stages, identifying the potential effects of exercise time and intensity, and elucidating details of the unclear mechanisms. Through the discussion of the existing data, we hope to provide new ideas for the future research of exercise therapy.
Community‐acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae systemic infection complicated with rhombencephalitis
Authors: Stanca Delia‐Maria , Șereș Daniela Larisa , Ruscă Mihaela , Achim Andra , Mureșanu Dafin Fior 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRhombencephalitis is a rapidly progressing disease that should be taken into consideration in a patient with abrupt onset of cerebellar ataxia with rapid neurologic deterioration (tetraparesis, coma) after vascular etiology has been ruled out.
Isomerization of Functionalized Olefins by Using the Dinuclear Catalyst [PdI(μ‐Br)(PtBu3)]2: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Koley Debasis , De Sriman , Sivendran Nardana , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn a combined experimental and computational study, the isomerization activity of the dinuclear palladium(I) complex [PdI(μ‐Br)(PtBu3)]2 towards allyl arenes, esters, amides, ethers, and alcohols has been investigated. The calculated energy profiles for catalyst activation for two alternative dinuclear and mononuclear catalytic cycles, and for catalyst deactivation are in good agreement with the experimental results. Comparison of experimentally observed E/Z ratios at incomplete conversion with calculated kinetic selectivities revealed that a substantial amount of product must form via the dinuclear pathway, in which the isomerization is promoted cooperatively by two palladium centers. The dissociation barrier towards mononuclear Pd species is relatively high, and once the catalyst enters the energetically more favorable mononuclear pathway, only a low barrier has to be overcome towards irreversible deactivation.
Peanut allergy: Beyond the oral immunotherapy plateau
Authors: Bruton Kelly , Spill Paul , Chu Derek K. , Waserman Susan , Jordana Manel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are a lack of disease‐modifying treatments for peanut allergy, which is lifelong in most instances. Oral immunotherapy has remained at the forefront of prospective treatments, though its efficacy is consistently undermined by the risk of adverse reactions and meager sustained effects.AimThis review discusses the current state of oral immunotherapy, its strengths and limitations, and the future of therapeutics for the treatment of peanut allergy.ConclusionThe persistence of peanut allergy is currently attributed to reservoirs of peanut‐specific memory B cells and Th2 cells, though the cellular and molecular interplay that facilitates the replenishment of peanut‐specific IgE remains elusive. Uncovering these events will prove critical for identification of novel targets as we forge ahead to a new age of peanut allergy treatment with biotherapeutics.
Discrete Hughes‐Hartogs optimized dual vector handoff for spectrum management in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Kalpana Devi M. , Umamaheswari K. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryCognitive radio network (CRN) has occupied rich awareness on amazing potentiality of spectrum utilization for the secondary users. In CRN, effective spectrum management has received more attention by increasing number of communication devices and several techniques have been evolved in recent years. However, efficient spectrum sensing with minimum delay reducing number of spectrum handoffs and maximum throughputs are some of the major challenges to be addressed. In this proposed work, discrete Hughes‐Hartogs optimal and dual vector spectrum management (DHHO‐DVSM) in CRN are used for effective utilization of channel selection. The expected maximization Q channel selection is designed to obtain an efficient idle channels for improved transmission of the secondary user. The optimal channel is attained by the number of idle channels maintained from the Q channel selection list. Based on each SU requests, discrete Hughes‐Hartogs particle swarm optimal channel selection is proposed to find the best channel by computing the fitness function for discrete factor. Finally, dual constraints‐based vector spectrum handoff model is proposed to produce the hyper plane based on the probability conditional factors with the objective of minimizing the number of handoffs for secondary users. The simulation result shows that the proposed method has transparent edges over conventional channel selection models. In addition, results are verified to learn the optimal channel selection with minimal sensing delay, increasing throughput and minimal handoffs. The proposed algorithm DHHO‐DVSM is 22.8% comparatively better than E‐CRNs and 41% improvement than SpecPSO.
Does lake eutrophication support biological invasions in rivers? A study on Dreissena polymorpha (Bivalvia) in lake–river ecotones
Authors: Czerniawski Robert , Krepski Tomasz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) has all traits required to effectively colonize the aquatic environment and consequently reduce the diversity of native bivalves. We hypothesized that the zebra mussel chooses lake outlets characterized by medium current velocity and good food conditions. Here, we analyzed differences between bivalve abundances in lake outlets with varying environmental conditions such as the Carlson Index (trophy status), depth, width, current velocity, bed vegetation coverage, and type of bottom substrate. The results showed that the zebra mussel inhabits outlets that provide food (high trophy outlets) and have a mineral bed and a medium current velocity (ca. 0.2–0.3 m/s). The following main factors seem to be favorable for colonizing such outlets: (1) easy access to high amounts of food due to the increased density of the suspension drifting from the lake and (2) easy transport of the zebra mussel larvae from the lake to the downstream. The zebra mussel larvae drifting with the current may colonize the downstream. An increase in lake trophy may indirectly cause an increase in biological invasions in rivers.