bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Production and Antioxidant Response in Breath-Hold Diving: Genetic Predisposition or Environment Related?
Authors: Cialoni Danilo , Brizzolari Andrea , Samaja Michele , Bosco Gerardo , Paganini Matteo , Sponsiello Nicola , Lancellotti Valentina , Marroni Alessandro 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionNitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecule modulating the endothelial adaptation during breath-hold diving (BH-diving). This study aimed to investigate changes in NO derivatives (NOx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), searching for correlations with different environmental and hyperbaric exposure.Materials and methodsBlood samples were obtained from 50 breath-hold divers (BH-divers) before, and 30 and 60 min after the end of training sessions performed both in a swimming pool or the sea. Samples were tested for NOx and TAC differences in different groups related to their hyperbaric exposure, experience, and additional genetic polymorphism.ResultsWe found statistically significant differences in NOx plasma concentration during the follow-up (decrease at T30 and increase at T60) compared with the pre-dive values. At T30, we found a significantly lower decrease of NOx in subjects with a higher diving experience, but no difference was detected between the swimming pool and Sea. No significant difference was found in TAC levels, as well as between NOx and TAC levels and the genetic variants.ConclusionThese data showed how NO consumption in BH-diving is significantly lower in the expert group, indicating a possible training-related adaptation process. Data confirm a significant NO use during BH-diving, compatible with the well-known BH-diving related circulatory adaptation suggesting that the reduction in NOx 30 min after diving can be ascribed to the lower NO availability in the first few minutes after the dives. Expert BH-divers suffered higher oxidative stress. A preliminary genetic investigation seems to indicate a less significant influence of genetic predisposition.
Prevalence of Fatigue and Its Association With Quality of Life Among Frontline Clinicians in Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Departments During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jin Yu , Li Yue , Li Xiu-Ya , Zhao Yan-Jie , Cheung Teris , Ungvari Gabor S. , Li Michael , An Feng-Rong , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: July 2021

Background:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused psychological distress and heavy burden in medical professionals. This study examined the prevalence of fatigue and its association with quality of life (QOL) in clinicians working in ophthalmology and otolaryngology departments during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.Methods:This was a cross-sectional national online survey conducted between March 15 and March 20, 2020 in China. The severity of fatigue, depression and QOL were measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), respectively.Results:In total, 3,912 clinicians completed the survey (2,155 in ophthalmology department, and 1,757 in otolaryngology department); 2,049 [52.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 50.8–53.9%] reported fatigue (NRS score ≥ 4). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that junior clinicians [Odds ratio (OR) = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68–1.00,P= 0.045] had lower risk of fatigue; while clinicians working in tertiary hospitals (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.02–1.49,P= 0.029), and the presence of more severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 total score ≥ 5; OR = 7.40, 95% CI = 6.29–8.70,P&lt; 0.001) were independently associated with higher risk of fatigue. After controlling for covariates, clinicians with fatigue had significantly lower QOL compared with those without [F(1, 3, 911)= 283.75,P&lt; 0.001].Conclusion:Fatigue was common in clinicians working in ophthalmology and otolaryngology departments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the negative impact of fatigue on clinicians' QOL, health authorities and policymakers should conduct regular screening for fatigue and develop preventive strategies for frontline clinicians working under excessive stress.
Mood and Activity Measured Using Smartphones in Unipolar Depressive Disorder
Authors: Tønning Morten Lindbjerg , Faurholt-Jepsen Maria , Frost Mads , Bardram Jakob Eyvind , Kessing Lars Vedel 
Published: July 2021

Background: Smartphones comprise a promising tool for symptom monitoring in patients with unipolar depressive disorder (UD) collected as either patient-reportings or possibly as automatically generated smartphone data. However, only limited research has been conducted in clinical populations. We investigated the association between smartphone-collected monitoring data and validated psychiatric ratings and questionnaires in a well-characterized clinical sample of patients diagnosed with UD.Methods: Smartphone data, clinical ratings, and questionnaires from patients with UD were collected 6 months following discharge from psychiatric hospitalization as part of a randomized controlled study. Smartphone data were collected daily, and clinical ratings (i.e., Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17-item) were conducted three times during the study. We investigated associations between (1) smartphone-based patient-reported mood and activity and clinical ratings and questionnaires; (2) automatically generated smartphone data resembling physical activity, social activity, and phone usage and clinical ratings; and (3) automatically generated smartphone data and same-day smartphone-based patient-reported mood and activity.Results: A total of 74 patients provided 11,368 days of smartphone data, 196 ratings, and 147 questionnaires. We found that: (1) patient-reported mood and activity were associated with clinical ratings and questionnaires (p &lt; 0.001), so that higher symptom scores were associated with lower patient-reported mood and activity, (2) Out of 30 investigated associations on automatically generated data and clinical ratings of depression, only four showed statistical significance. Further, lower psychosocial functioning was associated with fewer daily steps (p = 0.036) and increased number of incoming (p = 0.032), outgoing (p = 0.015) and missed calls (p = 0.007), and longer phone calls (p = 0.012); (3) Out of 20 investigated associations between automatically generated data and daily patient-reported mood and activity, 12 showed statistical significance. For example, lower patient-reported activity was associated with fewer daily steps, shorter distance traveled, increased incoming and missed calls, and increased screen-time.Conclusion: Smartphone-based self-monitoring is feasible and associated with clinical ratings in UD. Some automatically generated data on behavior may reflect clinical features and psychosocial functioning, but these should be more clearly identified in future studies, potentially combining patient-reported and smartphone-generated data.
Natural Yogurt Stabilized with Hydrocolloids from Butternut Squash (Cucurbita moschata) Seeds: Effect on Physicochemical, Rheological Properties and Sensory Perception
Authors: Rojas-Torres Sergio A. , Quintana Somaris E. , García-Zapateiro Luis Alberto 
Published: July 2021

Stabilizers are ingredients employed to improve the technological properties of products. The food industry and consumers have recently become interested in the development of natural ingredients. In this work, the effects of hydrocolloids from butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) seeds (HBSS) as stabilizers on the physicochemical, rheological, and sensory properties of natural yogurt were examined. HBSS improved the yogurt’s physical stability and physicochemical properties, decreasing syneresis and modifying the samples’ rheological properties, improving the assessment of sensory characteristics. The samples presented shear thinning behavior characterized by a decrease in viscosity with the increase of the shear rate; nevertheless, the samples showed a two-step yield stress. HBSS is an alternative as a natural stabilizer for the development of microstructured products.
3D Modelling of Mass Transfer into Bio-Composite
Authors: Kabbej Marouane , Guillard Valérie , Angellier-Coussy Hélène , Wolf Caroline , Gontard Nathalie , Gaucel Sébastien 
Published: July 2021

A three-dimensional model structure that allows considering interphase layer around permeable inclusions is developed to predict water vapor permeability in composite materials made of a matrix Poly(3-HydroxyButyrate-co-3-HydroxyValerate) (PHBV) including Wheat Straw Fiber (WSF) particles. About 500 two-phase structures corresponding to composites of different particles volume fractions (5.14−11.4−19.52 % v/v) generated using experimental particles’ size distribution have permitted to capture all the variability of the experimental material. These structures have served as a basis to create three-phase structures including interphase zone of altered polymer property surrounding each particle. Finite Element Method (FEM) applied on these structures has permitted to calculate the relative permeability (ratio between composite and neat matrix permeability P/Pm). The numerical results of the two-phase model are consistent with the experimental data for volume fraction lower than 11.4 %v/v but the large upturn of the experimental relative permeability for highest volume fraction is not well represented by the two-phase model. Among hypothesis made to explain model’s deviation, the presence of an interphase with its own transfer properties is numerically tested: numerical exploration made with the three-phase model proves that an interphase of 5 µm thick, with diffusivity of Di≥1×10−10 m2·s−1, would explain the large upturn of permeability at high volume fraction.
Assessment of the influence of external factors on the private medical sector development in Ukraine
Authors: Bairak Аnzhela 
Published: July 2021

The article investigates the influence of external factors on the private medical sector development in Ukraine in modern conditions and formulates proposals to reduce their negative effect. In the process of research, the following general scientific methods were used: structuring, comparative analysis, grouping, expert assessments, statistical. It is substantiated that external factors of influence on the private medical sector can have a direct and indirect, stabilizing and destabilizing character. The influence of each identified factors is analyzed by grouping and highlighting the list of factor conditions that determine the success and limited development of the private medical sector. The conclusions substantiate further ways of developing the private medical sector in Ukraine, taking into account the assessment of the impact of external factors, which are, firstly, in the implementation of investment projects to modernize medical equipment for treatment and diagnostics, and secondly, in establishing business contacts with insurance companies and the state, thirdly, in the implementation of effective information systems. A method for assessing the influence of external factors on the development of the private medical sector is proposed, which is based on the use of a square matrix of contiguity and allows to calculate the relative importance of each factor, both stabilizing and destabilizing actions, which made it possible to identify priority factors in each direction, and form the basis for developing recommendations for increasing the potential of the health care system of Ukraine through the activation of the private medical sector. It is proved that the strategy for the private medical sector development in the near future should be aimed at expanding market share for the middle-class population.
The Risk-Taking Attitude of Student towards Mathematics through Inquiry-Based Open-Ended Learning
Authors: Yuni Yatha , Alghadari Fiki 
Published: July 2021

This research was to know students' achievement and improvement risk-taking attitudes in grade 7 at Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Bekasi City towards mathematics through Inquiry-Based Open-Ended (IBOE) learning. This research is quantitative research with the research design Non-equivalent Pre and Post-test Control-Group Design. There are 156 students as a sample. It was taken using the purposive sampling technique from two Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs). Seventy-seven students in the experimental class (IBOE) and 79 students in the control class (Direct Learning: DL). They were grouped according to previous mathematics abilities (level high, medium, and low). The instrument used was a questionnaire consisting of 17 valid statements adopted from the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) scale. The results of this research were reviewed based on early mathematical skills, achievement of the process of building a risk-taking attitude for MTs students. Students who received IBOE learning were no better than students who received DL. Meanwhile, based on the early mathematical skills, students who increase in building a risk-taking attitude received IBOE learning was better than students who received DL.
Exámenes prequirúrgicos innecesarios y su costo en un hospital de Lambayeque
Authors: León-Jiménez Franco , Florián-Romero Edith , Caján-Lontop Yvette , Ventura-Sandoval Luz , Flores-Tucto Marco , Gastelo-Dávila Angie 
Published: July 2021

Introducc ión. En la práctica diaria antes de una cirugía suelen solicitarse exámenes preoperatorios sin ninguna utilidad. Sin embargo, las comorbilidades y el examen físico son los determinantes del desenlace en el acto quirúrgico. Objetivos. Determinar la frecuencia de exámenes prequirúrgicos innecesarios y su costo en pacientes con cirugía electiva del Hospital Regional Lambayeque de octubre de 2012 a julio de 2013. Material y método. Estudio descriptivo trasversal; muestreo aleatorio simple. Se compararon los exámenes solicitados con los recomendados por la guía de práctica clínica del National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) del 2003: Preoperative tests: The Use of routine preoperative tests for elective surgery. Resultados. Se revisaron 96 historias clínicas de pacientes con las siguientes cirugías: 62 colecistectomías (64,5 %), 16 hernioplastias inguinales (16,67 %), 12 facoemulsificaciones (12,5 %), 5 cirugías de fractura expuesta (5,21 %), y 1 hernioplastia abdominal (1,04 %); se hallaron 1 214 exámenes preoperatorios, 839 (69,1 %) fueron innecesarios. Los más frecuentes fueron: riesgo quirúrgico (innecesario en 92,2 %), tiempo de sangría (innecesario en 92 %) y grupofactor (innecesario en 89,8 %). Los exámenes más costosos fueron el antígeno de superficie para hepatitis B (S/. 1 428) y riesgo quirúrgico (S/. 1 185). El costo total de los exámenes innecesarios fue S/. 8 858 (S/. 10 630 aproximadamente en un año). Conclusión. En el Hospital Regional Lambayeque de octubre de 2012 a julio de 2013, hubo una elevada frecuencia de exámenes prequirúrgicos innecesarios y un alto costo asociado a los mismos. Los más costosos fueron antígeno de superficie para hepatitis B y el riesgo quirúrgico.
Leningrad city police in the local anti-aircraft system during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Panfilets Aleksandr , Udaltsov Andrey 
Published: July 2021

The relevance of the research of the Leningrad city police activities in the local anti- aircraft system during the Great Patriotic War is due to the continuing falsifications of the history of special services in western and domestic publications. Despite a significant amount of researches of the police activities during the war, above-mentioned authors including, the activities of the city police in the system of the local anti- aircraft system are not thoroughly elaborated and are not presented.
The aim of the authors’ study was the activity of the Leningrad city police in the local anti-aircraft system as a unit, which was a part of NKVD office in the Leningrad region and a part of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union simultaneously. The task was to determine the structure and responsibility for the anti- aircraft defense at the grassroots level and participation of the city police in this system. Besides, it was necessary to identify the main positions of the Leningrad city police, whose holders directly had to organize and monitor the work in the hotbeds of defeat through the structures of self- defense groups of households and dormitories.
The results of the authors’ study revealed that the main work with the grass-roots formations of the local anti- aircraft system in the city blocks was performed by the divisional inspectors, who instructed, supervised and directed the work of self-defense groups of households and dormitories through housemanagement and commandants. Besides, the most capable policemen on duty were involved in this work, most often due to the absence of an officer at the station for any reason. In turn, the head of the territorial police department through his deputy managed the divisional inspectors and police officers.
In connection with the work of divisional inspectors and policemen in neighborhoods, streets and squares, they often took a practical part in the elimination of hotbeds of defeat from artillery shelling and bombardment of enemy aircraft. In most cases they coped with this kind of activity with honor, sparing no effort and lives, starting to extinguish fire, without waiting for the arrival of the fire brigades.
HEGEMONIAS DÍSPARES: POR UMA NOVA INTERPRETAÇÃO DA CONTROVÉRSIA LENIN-BOGDÁNOV
Authors: Ramos de Toledo Pedro 
Published: July 2021

A publicação de “Materialismo e Empiriocriticismo” em maio de 1909 marcou o fim da trégua estabelecida desde 1904 entre as diferentes correntes que compunham a Facção Bolchevique em assuntos filosóficos e colocou em rota de colisão seus dois principais líderes naquele momento: Vladimir Lenin e Aleksandr Bogdánov. Tal controvérsia é comumente vista a partir da leitura isolada de “Materialismo e Empiriocriticismo”, de Lenin, sem dar a devida atenção para o complexo contexto político, tático e epistemológico no qual tal obra foi produzida, fundamental para um adequado entendimento do rico cenário intelectual que cercava as lideranças do Partido Operário Social Democrata Russo (POSDR), na primeira década do século XX. Este trabalho busca atingir dois objetivos, a saber: propor, para além da questão epistemológica, a hipótese que qualifica tal debate em um nível mais profundo, essencialmente organizacional; e, a partir dessa dimensão, refletir comparativamente sobre as formas que Bogdánov e Lenin empregaram para tratar das questões referentes à constituição da hegemonia enquanto condição prévia para a tomada de poder revolucionária.
Trabalho e imigração: experiências a partir das narrativas de imigrantes haitianos no Oeste do Paraná
Authors: Carvalho Joselene Ieda Santos Lopes 
Published: July 2021

Resumo: Neste texto busco discutir a presença de imigrantes haitianos na cidade de Cascavel no oeste do Paraná e suas experiências levando em consideração aspectos geracionais, ou seja, Jean que imigrou em 2012 e que possuía 54 anos quando foi entrevistado e Mike que imigrou em 2017 e possuía 22 anos. A partir das narrativas destacadas, pretendo identificar as seguintes especificidades: i) como a partir do processo de imigração vivenciado de maneira semelhante e o trabalho no frigorífico incidem para experiências contraditórias acerca da expectativa de vida; ii) como a presença de imigrantes haitianos modificaram o cenário da agroindústria da carne no oeste do Paraná, mas principalmente, destacar as pressões vividas por estes trabalhadores; iii) e por fim, como a partir da História Oral, as narrativas podem ser compreendidas como um processo de consciência de classe destes trabalhadores que cotidianamente são relembrados da condição de imigrante em que estão sujeitos na sociedade.
Designing of Wet Transformers as Artificial Soil for Flower Tree Cultivation
Authors: Egwutvongsa Songwut , Seviset Somchai 
Published: July 2021

This research is focusing on designing of wet garbage transformers as artificial soil. According to the result, it represented that the artificial soil can be brought to cultivate Marigold trees to be abundant with giving for Grade B flowers. Moreover, it has the duration to bloom in short times with good quality of tree’s height and suitable size of flower’s diameter. However, the customer satisfaction is depending on equipment uniqueness and applying convenience with the regression equation that is congruent to ŷ = (4.478) +(-0.002 X1) +(-0.066 X2) +(0.011 X3) +(0.074 X4) as in the form of criteria scores which is congruent to Z = (-0.003 X1) +(-0.088 X2) +(0.017 X3) +(0.095 X4).satisfaction at the excellent level for people in the development communities (Mean=4.10, S.D. =0.78).

Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
Resilience of Pregnant and Parenting Learners to Pursue Educational Aspirations Within a Stigmatising School Setting in Rural South Africa
Authors: Runhare Tawanda , Kanaga-Majanga Eunice , Mathebula Rifumuni Nancy 
Published: July 2021

This study was premised on the increased demand for enrolment of pregnant and parenting learners (PPLs) at ordinary or conventional schools in South Africa due to the democratisation of access to education after the 1994 democratic dispensation. The study investigated how pregnant and parenting schoolgirls were resilient to continue with their educational aspirations at formal schools despite the social challenges that they faced in the school, family and community environments. A qualitative case study design was employed, and for confidentiality of the study participants, a face to face key-participant individual interview was the main data gathering instrument. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to select a total of 8 PPLs, 4 learners from each of the two schools who were either pregnant or had given birth at the time of data gathering to express their coping strategies within a formal school setting. Study results revealed that setting new goals after pregnancy, desire to achieve self-efficacy, strategies against hate language and support from their significant others were key contributors to the resilience for the continued pursuit of the PPLs’ educational aspirations. The main recommendation from the study is for school management teams to help build a safe, child friendly and inclusive social environment among the school-based education duty bearers.

Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
Is It Possible to Change the Cyber Security Behaviours of Employees? Barriers and Promoters
Authors: Ergen Ahu , Naci Ünal Ahmet , Saygili Mehmet Sıtkı 
Published: July 2021

The increase in cyber attacks cause individuals and businesses to face financial loss and reputation damage. Most cyber security studies ignore human factor and focus only on technological measures although the cyber security behaviors of employees are vital for the organisations. This paper aims to explore and discuss the role of employees in cyber security. In-depth interviews with eight cyber security experts were conducted through semi-structured, open-ended interviews. This study gives perspectives regarding the cyber security behaviors of employees, the barriers and promoters of secure behaviors in cyberspace. The findings mainly stem reasons of unsecure behaviors and solutions for them, and provide implications to companies for effective training and recommendations to adopt secure behaviors in the companies.

Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021