bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Antioxidant of Xanthosoma nigrum Stellfeld
Authors: Ratnawati Devi , Fitriyanti Wahidah , Martono Hadi Putranto Agus , Widiyati Eni 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The primary use of antioxidants is to break free radicals’ reaction to save the body from damage due to free radicals. Free radicals react with molecules around them to obtain electron pairs and achieve stability or molecular atoms and achieve stability or molecular atoms. This reaction would be continuously processed in the body. It would cause various diseases such as cancer, heart, cataracts, premature aging, and other degenerative diseases if it did not stop. The oxidated linoleic acid substrate determined the antioxidant of Xanthosoma nigrum Stellfeld activity. The oxidation results in the form of malondialdehyde (MDA) would be reacted with thiobarbituric acid formed products in the form of a red complex (MDA-TBA), which absorption was measured by spectrophotometer at λ 532 nm. Xanthosoma nigrum Stellfeld extract with a concentration of 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm had the inhibition of 19,32%, 21,85%, 29,47%, and 31,05%. The positive control, with α-tocopherol 200 ppm, had inhibition of 85,14%.
Modified Natural Silica Dimethylamine for Optimization of Sulfate Ion Absorption Using the Batch Method
Authors: Riswinia Aulia Ikke , Oktavia Budhi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sulfates are compounds that are often used in various industrial activities. Sulfate wastes with high concentrations can cause an imbalance in the natural sulfur cycle which causes the leaching of toxic sulfides which leads to environmental damage. Adsorption is an effective way of dealing with waste. Silica is an adsorbent that is often used for the adsorption process. on DMA-modified silica. Characterized by using infrared spectra, microscope scanner and adsorption of sulfate solutions with various concentrations and contact times. The results showed that the use of modified DMA silica had better absorption than activated silica seen from the frendulich isotherm pattern with a regression coefficient R2 = 1. Absorption capacity at 60 minutes was 0.82754 mg/g−1.
Synthesis and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of chloro-substituted Hydrazone
Authors: Afriana N , Nurulita Y , Zamri A , Jasril J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hydrazones have been reported for various biological activities, including their scavenging radical activity as antioxidants. The presence of azomethine group (-NHN=CH-) makes this compound one of the important classes in many synthetic products. In this study, ortho and meta-positions of chloro-substituted hydrazones have been synthesized through condensation reaction between substituted benzaldehydes and phenylhydrazine under microwave irradiation. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by UV, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and GC-MS spectroscopic data while antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH method. Hydrazone compounds were successfully synthesized in good yield and short-time reaction. The results of in vitro antioxidant activity assay showed that chlorohydrazone have very good antioxidant activity, whereas meta has better activity than ortho-position with IC50 value of 25.8 and 57 µg/mL respectively. The results demonstrated that these active compounds may use to support as a decent stand for further investigation in a way to ascertain innovative antioxidant medicines.
Electron Microscope and Diffraction Study of Snake Fruit (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss) Peels
Authors: Agus Triawan Deni , S Salprima Yudha , Falahudin Aswin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Electron Microscopy study of snake fruit (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss) peels have been carried out by scanning at the surface part of the snake fruit peel (outer and inner) using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM micrograph of outer snake fruit peel shows patterned some spots with percentage of carbon (55.73%), oxygen (23.28%), silicon (20.36%) and other components (0.63%). While on the inside part shows the shape like a fiber with carbon composition (46.40%), oxygen (50.43%) and other components (3.17%). Further treatment of snake fruit peel biomass by heating 500 °C and confirmation by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that, the presence of carbon and crystalline phase of quartz silica. Furthermore, SEM-EDS shows some porous pattern with the percentage of carbon (58.9%), oxygen (28.87%), silicon (5.71%) and other components (6.52%).
The Effectiveness Test of Sunscreen Cream with Raw Material of Coconut Oil and Active Ingredients of Bay (Eugenia polyantha Wight ) Leaf Ethanol Extract and TiO2
Authors: Widiyati E , Ratnawati D , Fitriani D , Wati S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A research on the effectiveness test of sunscreen cream made of coconut oil as raw material and active ingredients of bay (Eugenia polyantha Wight) leaf ethanol extract and TiO2 has been conducted. Sunscreen cream was made by emulsifying the water phase (distilled water, glycerin, methyl paraben and triethanolamine = TEA) which has been heated to 70° C and oil phase (lanoline, cetyl alcohol, stearic acid, coconut oil and prophyl paraben) which has been heated to 70° C as well and it was added an active ingredient of TiO2. The mixture was then added the bay leaf ethanol extract and was stirred, until a homogeneous cream was formed. The resulting cream was determined its properties such as pH, viscosity, absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and sun protection factor (SPF). From the SPF value calculated, then the effectiveness of sunscreen creams could be determined. The results showed that the resulting creams have a pH of 7.55-7.75, viscosity of 4000-10800 cps. If TiO2 is added to a cream containing 0.5% bay leaf ethanol extract, the SPF value of the cream will increase. If the concentration of TiO2 added to the cream is increased, the SPF of the cream will also increase. Cream with bay leaf ethanol extract of 0.5% and 6% TiO2, has an SPF value of 3.101 and is included in the low protection category of sunscreens.
Effect of Grain Size Coconut Frond Powder on The Strength of Particle Board
Authors: Sutanto T D , Banon C , Trihadi B , Damayani N F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research was to make particle board from coconut frond powder with various grain size. Particle board test pieces are made by mixing coconut frond powder with various grain sizes, namely 10; 25; 50 and 75 mesh with 40% of liquid rubber compound to obtain a particle board test pieces with the length, width and height of 5 x 10 x 7.5 cm and then dried in the sun. Then the particle board test pieces pressed to a thickness of 2.5 cm and then characterized its strength which includes the modulus of rupture (MOR), the modulus of elasticity (MOE), the Screw Hold Strength and water absorption. The results of this research indicated that the best strength of particle board was obtained on the use of 50 mesh coconut front powder and 40% liquid rubber compound as the adhesive. On this mix, the value of MOR, MOE, the strength of the screw and water absorption of resulting particle board are 1528.32 g/mm2, 618.18 g/mm2, 4.9111 N/cm2 and 26.87% respectively.
Indigenous Yeast for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Hermansyah  , Panagan Almunady T , Fatma  , Susilawati  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The second generation of bioethanol made from lignocellulosic biomass which is considered a clean energy source and has high potential of alternative and renewable energy sources. Yeast play an essential role in bioethanol production as fermentation agent a wide range of sugars to ethanol. The great yeast biodiveristy isolated from plants, fruit, or its part could be an potential source of strain. Indigenous yeasts screened and isolated from tuak, an traditional beverages, durian fruit, coconut water fermented some monosacharides of lignocellulose. Yeast isolates migh have ‘superior yeast’ which has characteristics such as tolerant to high temperature, acids, inhibitors, high ethanol level. These isolates are important for the development of efficient ethanol production, therefore very attractive for the fuel elcohol industry.
Identification of secondary metabolite compounds and gc-ms test (gas chromatography mass spectroscopy) on purslane plant (Portulaca oleracea L)
Authors: Nurasia  , Pirda  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the types of secondary metabolite compounds contained in purslane plants (Portulaca oleracea). Ethanol extract of roots, stems and purslane leaves was obtained by maceration of root, stem and leaf samples using 96% ethanol for 3x24 hours. Phytochemical tests for ethanol extracts of roots, stems and purslane leaves include examination of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids. Phytochemical test results showed that the ethanol extract of roots and purslane positive stems contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, flavonoids and terpenoids. While the phytochemical test results of positive purslane leaf ethanol extracts contain alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins. Then the secondary metabolite compounds are identified using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy). The results of the identification of ethanol extracts of roots, stems and purslane leaves found the most compounds. At the root are stigmast, phenol, propionate, hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid. In the stems are ethylcholest, campasterol, borabicyclo [3.1.3] nonane, stigmast and phenol. The leaves are phenol, stigmast, phenol, methyl linolenic acid and headecanoic acid.
Application of urban ecological concepts towards healthy and humane cities
Authors: Faraniza Z 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recognizing the era of demographic trends, it is important to anticipate population growth between 2000-2030, around 2 billion people will be concentrated in urban areas. The 21st century will be a century of urbanization that covers around 1-6% of the earth’s surface, but they have enormous ecological ‘footprints’ and complex, strong, and indirect effects on ecosystems. At present, more than 50% of the world’s population lives in urban areas, and it is estimated that 70% of the world’s population will live in cities and towns by 2050. An urban ecological approach is becoming increasingly important in dealing with large numbers of the world’s population. population. urban health problems arising from urbanization and globalization in developed and developing countries. This research is a descriptive study with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). This research focuses on urban areas that store various types of nature such as semi-natural habitats to abandoned areas, green open spaces, and other biotopes that are highly influenced by humans with collections of related species. The results show that it is necessary to understand, integrate and apply ecological models and processes to urban biodiversity for populations and their importance in the face of large-scale population increases and developing cities, so that there is a balance between urban areas and environmental sustainability in order to achieve a better standard of living and harmony with the environment for urban communities.
Phytochemical analysis and antifungi activity of methanol extract of Acalypha hispida Burm. F. flower against to Candida albicans (Y116)
Authors: Wardoyo E R P , Hildayati U , Rachmawati  , Kurniatuhadi R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by the fungus Candida albicans. One of the plants that has potential as an antifungal activity is Acalypha hispida. The objectives of this research determined the phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity of A. hispida flower methanolic extract on the growth of C. albicans using the disc diffusion method. Identification of compounds using thin layer chromatography (TLC). This study consisted of six treatments, namely control using ketoconazole and concentrations of A. hispida methanol extract of 0, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g/mL. The results showed that all concentrations of A. hispida methanolic extract had antifungal properties against the growth of C. albicans. The concentration of 1.0 g/mL showed the best inhibition against C. albicans. The methanol extract of A. hispida flowers contains alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols.
Hypoglycemic effects of Enhydra fluctuans aerial extract on alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Delfita R , Tjong D H , Dahelmi D , Suhatri S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Enhydra fluctuans is one of the medicinal plants of the Minangkabau tribe, West Sumatra, Indonesia which is widely used by the community to treat various diseases including diabetes mellitus. However, scientific studying of its hypoglycemic activity is very limited. In this study, we evaluated the hypoglycemic activity of E. fluctuans aerial ethanol using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in stable hyperglycemia rats and its phytochemical screening. Twenty-five diabetic rats were divided into five groups with five replications: negative control, positive control (glibenclamide), ethanol extract dosage of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. Blood glucose is measured at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. Blood glucose level, the area under the curve (AUC) value, and the percentage of blood glucose reduction is calculated. It was found that a dosage of 500 mg/kg was the best hypoglycemic activity in stable hyperglycemia rats and significantly different (p<0.05) compared with the negative control. Hypoglycemic activity of this dosage was longer if compared with glibenclamide. E. fluctuans aerial ethanol extract contained saponins, phenolic, terpenoids, steroids, and coumarin compounds. Our findings demonstrate that E. fluctuans have potent hypoglycemic effects in diabetes.
Study of antiinflamation activity in ethanol extract from coriander leaf (coriandrum sativum l.) induced by carrageenan in male rats
Authors: Sinaga S M , Batubara M , Pulungan M H , Cintya H , Dhermawan H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a popular spice plant in Indonesia. This plant has benefits as traditional herbal medicine plants, especially in the leafy part of which are useful as anti-inflammatory. The objective of this research is to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of coriander leaves on the soles of male rats induced by λ-carrageenan. The method used in this study is the paw edema method using a digital plethysmometer with the principle of measurement based on Archimedes’ law and carried out experimentally by dividing 25 mice into 5 groups. Group 1, 2, and 3 were given ethanol extract of coriander leaves (EECL) with each doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgbw, group 4 as negative control, group 5 as positive control given diclofenac sodium, then the volume is measured. The results of this study from tukey test results on inflammation showed that EECL doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgbw didn’t differ significantly (p> 0.05) with diclofenac sodium dose of 2.25 mg/kgbw at 240 minutes to 360 minutes, but significantly different from CMC Na 0.05% (p<0.05). In inhibition percent of inflammation EECL doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kgbw didn’t differ significantly (p> 0.05) with diclofenac sodium dose of 2.25 mg/kgbw at 30 minutes to 360 minutes. The Conclusion of this study is EECL doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgbw have anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced male rats. EECL dose of 400 mg/kgbw has the best average inflammation inhibitory activity.
Diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in mangrove forest of Pariaman
Authors: Fitri R Z , Putri I L E , Nugraha F A D , Satria R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ants are a social insect with high diversity and distributed widely to the world in many types of habitats including mangrove ecosystem. They also plays important role in mangrove ecosystem, but the study of ant in this habitat of West Sumatra still scanty. The purpose of this study was to understand the ant diversity in mangrove ecosystem of Pariaman, West Sumatra. The collection method used in this research is baited trap, beating and hand collection. A total of 11 species, 10 genera of ants belonging to 3 subfamilies were found in this study. Formicinae is the subfamily with highest number of species (5 spp.) and follows by Myrmicinae (4 spp.) and Dolichoderinae (2 spp.). The following invasive and tramp species were found in the present study, Anoplolepis gracilipes, Tapinoma melanochepalum, Tetramorium simillimum, and Tetramorium bicarinatum. The ant species diversity index in this study is moderate (H '= 1,2), while the evenness index classified as moderate (E = 0,5), and no species of ants dominate of this area were found (D = 0,5)
Pathogenicity of entomopatogenic fungi isolates from infected pest crop against dry wood termites Cryptotermes sp. (Ioptera: Kalotermitidae)
Authors: Zulyusri  , Desyanti  , Hidayat Y 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Through exploration at several farming regions in X Koto sub distric, Tanah Datar regency, West Sumatera province (Kandang Sampia, Kayu Tanduak, Panyalaian, Koto Baru), were found 38 fungi isolates. Some isolates (31.58%) pathogenic against drywood termites, Cryptotermes sp. Most of those fungi belong to Ascomycota division (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp. 1, Aspergillus sp. 2, Aspergillus sp. 3, Aspergillus sp. 4, Aspergillus sp. 5, Penicillium sp. 1, Penicillium sp. 2, Penicillium sp. 3, Penicillium sp. 4), while 2 fungi did not identified yet (Sp. 1 and Sp. 2). A. niger is the most effective fungi to control Cryptotermes sp., that indicated by its ability to kill termites (at 107 conidial/ml could kill 93.94% after 7 days infected, higher viability and spore formation), but not differed with Aspergilus sp. 1 and Penicillium sp. 2. The lowest ability showed by Sp. 1 fungi (at 107 conidial/ml only could kill 60.61% after 7 days infected).
The Characteristic of Luciferase cDNA of Lamprigera sp. (Lampyridae: Coleoptera)
Authors: Ahda Yuni , Pranata Aldi , Achyar Afifatul , Ratnawulan  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Some organisms can emit light naturally. Fireflies are most popular organisms among them. The light is produced in all species of fireflies due to luciferase enzymes. Lamprigera is one of the fireflies genus. Its species Lamprigera sp. is interesting to be studied because it has big larvae dan easily be found on ground at night since it has strong light. Information about the luciferase gene in Lamprigera sp. is restricted. In this study we characterize the luciferase cDNA of Lamprigera sp. collected in Kayu Aro, Kerinci, Jambi. Amplification of Lamprigera’s luciferase cDNA using LF and LR primers produced 367 bp fragments. The similarity levels of Lamprigera’s luciferase cDNA sequences with published Lamprigera yunnana is 83%. This indicates that luciferase cDNA of Lamprigera sp. is different from the published Lamprigera yunnana. However, phylogenetic tree construction shows that Lamprigera sp. have a close relationship with Lamprigera yunnana.
Evaluation and Analysis of Needs for Air Ventilation Systems in Underground Coal Mine (Case Study in Underground Coal Mine, Sawahlunto City)
Authors: Heriyadi Bambang , Salia Zakri Rizto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Accidents at an underground coal mine in Sawahlunto City between 2009 and 2017 have occurred several times and resulted in fatalities. Most of the accidents occur due to methane gas explosions. And clearly this is an indication of the poor management of the air ventilation system in the underground coal mine. The air ventilation system in underground mines is actually very important and is like the flow of blood to the human body. Underground coal mines can continue to produce if the air ventilation management system is carried out properly and according to existing regulations. The management of the air ventilation system in underground coal mines consists of how to control the quality and quantity of air in the mine so that it meets the required threshold values. Management of a good ventilation system will generate confidence for workers to remain active in comfort with high work efficiency. This article will reveal the importance of evaluating and analyzing the need for air ventilation systems in underground coal mines, with case study in several mines operating in Sawahlunto
The Use of MATLAB in Learning the Velocity Analysis with Relative Velocity Method on Slider Crank Mechanism
Authors: Yanti Sari Delima , Ambiyar  , Nurdin Hendri , Yufrizal A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the subject of kinematics, velocity analysis is the fundamental concepts in studying motions in the machines. Graphically velocity analysis, might be difficult to understand by the students, especially if the concepts is explained by conventional teaching method. In this study, development a computer program for velocity analysis of slider crank mechanism is presented. The purpose is to assist the learning process of slider crank kinematics, so the students will easily understand the concept. The computer program is written by using MATLAB. Graphical User Interface is used, so the users are allowed to change the input parameters such as angle of linkage bar, the magnitude and direction of angular velocity etc. Based on the inputs, the computer program displays the outputs such as linear and angular velocity, steps of velocity analysis graphically and its mathematical computations. This computer program has been validated by theoretical calculations. In the future, the application will be developed for other complex mechanism and be implemented in learning of kinematics.
Distribution Mapping and Typology of Slum Area Based on Spatial Autocorrelations in Padang City
Authors: Ramadhan Risky , Syarief Azhari 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The high population development of Padang City is faced with limited land for areas and its infrastructure, resulting in a dense and slum-prone environmental condition of the City. The Central Government, together with the Padang City Government, held a program aimed at rehabilitating slum areas with the KOTAKU (Kota Tanpa Kumuh) program. This policy needs to be evaluated with the identity of the distribution and typology of slum areas to see changes in the slum area spatially. This study aims to identify the distribution of slum areas and describe slum areas’ typology using spatial autocorrelation in the City of Padang. Based on the survey results, slum areas were identified in 45 (forty-five) well-known subdistrict in 11 districts with a total area of 129.16 hectares of slum areas. There are 8,282 households in slum identified areas in the City of Padang. The spatial typology of slum areas resulted in a p-value of 0.061, a z-score of 1.867, and a moran index of 0.095 with a clustered pattern. The influence of spatial dependence is presented by the distribution of Moran and sub-district in the City of Padang’s urban fringe area. This condition is supported by a result of the concentration of activities at the core of the Padang City sub-district, causing it to not develop in the urban fringes area.
Effect of boric acid on the preservation of palm replanting wood waste
Authors: Ardinal A. , Sy Salmariza , Sofyan Sofyan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
At present, the area of oil palm plantations in Indonesia is approximately 11 million hectares. In addition, to produce abundant palm oil, this palm plantation also produces waste in the form of replanted wood when regeneration is carried out. The aim of this research is the utilization of palm wood replanting waste by immersion treating with boric acid as a preservative with concentrations of 1; 2.5 and 5% and soaking time of 2, 4, 6 days. From the preliminary analysis of the replanting waste, the water content was obtained at 34.41%, flexural strength at 26.48 kg/cm2, and compressive strength at 3.73 kg/cm2. After the preservative treatment with boric acid with 2; 4; and 6 days immersion and drying process, it was found the decrease of water content, an increase of compressive strength and flexural strength. The 4 days immersion with boric acid 5% was the best treatment with the water content decreased to 0.31%, flexural strength increased to 47.60 kg/cm2 and compressive strength increased to 8.21 kg/cm2.