bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterologous production of hyaluronic acid in Nicotiana tabacum hairy roots expressing a human hyaluronan synthase 2
Authors: Nazeri Arezoo , Niazi Ali , Afsharifar Alireza , Taghavi Seyed Mohsen , Moghadam Ali , Aram Farzaneh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHyaluronic acid (HA), a unique polysaccharide with excellent Physico-chemical properties, is broadly used in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and cosmetic fields. It is widely present in all vertebrates, certain bacterial strains, and even viruses while it is not found in plants, fungi, and insects. HA is naturally synthesized by a class of integral membrane proteins called Hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS). Thus far, industrial production of HA is carried out based on either extraction from animal sources or large-scale microbial fermentation. The major drawbacks to using these systems are contamination with pathogens and microbial toxins. Recently, the production of HA through recombinant systems has received considerable attention. Plants are eco-friendly ideal expression systems for biopharmaceuticals production. In this study, the optimized human hyaluronic acid synthase2 (hHAS2) sequence was transformed into Nicotiana tabacum using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The highest rhHAS2 concentration of 65.72 ng/kg (wet weight) in transgenic tobacco hairy roots was measured by the human HAS2 ELISA kit. The HA production in the transgenic hairy roots was verified by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and quantified by the HA ELISA kit. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of HA with the highest concentration of 0.56 g/kg (wet weight) showed a maximum activity of 46%. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analyses revealed the high molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) with about > 0.8 MDa.
The tumor suppressor miR-642a-5p targets Wilms Tumor 1 gene and cell-cycle progression in prostate cancer
Authors: Beveridge Dianne J. , Richardson Kirsty L. , Epis Michael R. , Brown Rikki A. M. , Stuart Lisa M. , Woo Andrew J. , Leedman Peter J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRNA-based therapeutics are emerging as innovative options for cancer treatment, with microRNAs being attractive targets for therapy development. We previously implicated microRNA-642a-5p (miR-642a-5p) as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer (PCa), and here we characterize its mode of action, using 22Rv1 PCa cells. In an in vivo xenograft tumor model, miR-642a-5p induced a significant decrease in tumor growth, compared to negative control. Using RNA-Sequencing, we identified gene targets of miR-642a-5p which were enriched for gene sets controlling cell cycle; downregulated genes included Wilms Tumor 1 gene (WT1), NUAK1, RASSF3 and SKP2; and upregulated genes included IGFBP3 and GPS2. Analysis of PCa patient datasets showed a higher expression of WT1, NUAK1, RASSF3 and SKP2; and a lower expression of GPS2 and IGFBP3 in PCa tissue compared to non-malignant prostate tissue. We confirmed the prostatic oncogene WT1, as a direct target of miR-642a-5p, and treatment of 22Rv1 and LNCaP PCa cells with WT1 siRNA or a small molecule inhibitor of WT1 reduced cell proliferation. Taken together, these data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms by which miR-642a-5p acts as a tumor suppressor in PCa, an effect partially mediated by regulating genes involved in cell cycle control; and restoration of miR-642-5p in PCa could represent a novel therapeutic approach.
Advancing agricultural research using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Mourtzinis Spyridon , Esker Paul D. , Specht James E. , Conley Shawn P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRising global population and climate change realities dictate that agricultural productivity must be accelerated. Results from current traditional research approaches are difficult to extrapolate to all possible fields because they are dependent on specific soil types, weather conditions, and background management combinations that are not applicable nor translatable to all farms. A method that accurately evaluates the effectiveness of infinite cropping system interactions (involving multiple management practices) to increase maize and soybean yield across the US does not exist. Here, we utilize extensive databases and artificial intelligence algorithms and show that complex interactions, which cannot be evaluated in replicated trials, are associated with large crop yield variability and thus, potential for substantial yield increases. Our approach can accelerate agricultural research, identify sustainable practices, and help overcome future food demands.
An investigation into the avoidability of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome
Authors: Danjuma Mohammed Ibn-Mas’ud , Naseralallah Lina Mohammad Ahmad , AbouJabal Bodoor , Mohamed Mouhand Faisal , Abubeker Ibrahim Y. , Jabbar Layla Abdul , Elzouki Abdelnaser 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDrug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rising morbidity amongst hospitalized patients. Whilst clinical protocols for the management of individual DRESS cases have been well established, determination of potential prevention of these cases by utilizing novel “avoidability” tools has remained unexplored. This retrospective study reviewed records of patients who presented to the emergency department of Weill Cornell Medicine-affiliated Hamad General Hospital, Doha Qatar with suspected DRESS syndrome. These cases were independently adjudicated (utilizing the RegiSCAR, and JSCAR tools) as DRESS-drug pairs by a team of two clinical pharmacists and two General Physicians. They were then rated for potential avoidability with the Liverpool adverse drug reactions avoidability tool (LAAT) by the same team of raters. A total of 16 patients satisfied RegiSCAR criteria for DRESS syndrome. The mean age of the study population was 41.5 years (SD ± 13.3). The study population was predominantly male (n = 12; [75%]). The median latent period from drug ingestion to clinical presentation was 14 days (interquartile range [IQR] 6.5, 29). The median RegiSCAR and J-SCAR scores were 6 (IQR 5, 6.8), 5 (IQR 4, 5.8) respectively. Utilizing the LAAT, about 60% of the DRESS syndrome-drug pairs were rated as “avoidable” (“probable” or “definite”). The overall Krippendorf’s alpha with the LAAT was 0.81 (SE 0.10, CI 0.59–1.00); with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.90 (CI 0.77, 0.96.). In a randomly selected cohort of DRESS syndrome-drug pairs, a significant proportion was potentially avoidable (“possibly” and “definitely”) utilizing the LAAT. This will need validation by larger sample-sized prospective studies utilizing the updated LAAT proposed by this study.
Intranasal oxytocin drives coordinated social approach
Authors: Monari Patrick K. , Rieger Nathaniel S. , Schefelker Juliette , Marler Catherine A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCoordinated responses to challenge are essential to survival for bonded monogamous animals and may depend on behavioral compatibility. Oxytocin (OT) context-dependently regulates social affiliation and vocal communication, but its role in pair members’ decision to jointly respond to challenge is unclear. To test for OT effects, California mouse females received an intranasal dose of OT (IN-OT) or saline after bonding with males either matched or mismatched in their approach response to an aggressive vocal challenge. Pair mates were re-tested jointly for approach response, time spent together, and vocalizations. Females and males converged in their approach after pairing, but mismatched pairs with females given a single dose of IN-OT displayed a greater convergence that resulted from behavioral changes by both pair members. Unpaired females given IN-OT did not change their approach, indicating a social partner was necessary for effects to emerge. Moreover, IN-OT increased time spent approaching together, suggesting behavioral coordination beyond a further increase in bonding. This OT-induced increase in joint approach was associated with a decrease in the proportion of sustained vocalizations, a type of vocalization that can be associated with intra-pair conflict. Our results expand OT’s effects on behavioral coordination and underscore the importance of emergent social context.
Sawmill waste derived carbon dots as a fluorescent probe for synthetic dyes in soft drinks
Authors: Gunjal Datta B. , Walekar Laxman S. , Pawar Samadhan P. , Anbhule Prashant V. , Mali Mukund G. , Dhulap Vinayak P. , Sohn Daewon , Mahajan Prasad G. , Lee Ki Hwan , Shejwal Rajendra V. , Kolekar Govind B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHerein, for the first time the carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by reflux method from sawmill waste material. We also represent a novel strategy based on fluorescent CDs for determination of ponceau 4R and allura red dyes in soft drinks. Interestingly, both the dyes were sensitive and showed effective fluorescence quenching of the CDs owing to the interaction between them. The analytical applicability of CDs were evaluated for detection of both the dyes with a good linear relationship between the concentration range of 0.0 to 3.0 µg mL−1 and having detection limit 0.45 and 0.47 µg mL−1 for allura red and ponceau 4R dyes respectively. Meanwhile, the potential application of this novel fluorescent probe for dyes determination in real samples was validated in different soft drink samples with good accuracy and precision. Thus, these findings provides new insights for the potential risk assessment of both the dyes. Moreover, CDs acted as an excellent fluorescent material in cellular imaging owing to their cellular uptake and localization.
Public Speaking Coaching for Adult Special Olympics Athletes
Authors: Fagan Mary K. , Malatian Patil M. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Individuals with intellectual disabilities often face communication challenges that can impact verbal communication, social interactions, and public speaking effectiveness. These challenges include decreased speech intelligibility, eye contact, and storytelling organization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefit of a 4.5-month public speaking coaching program for adult Special Olympics athletes with intellectual disabilities.

Method
Using a pre–post design, four athletes and their parents or caregivers completed questionnaires that rated the athletes' public speaking skills in 10 areas relevant for effective public speaking before and after the 4.5-month program. Graduate students in communication sciences and disorders worked with the adults on individualized goals identified from a preliminary speech and the self-report questionnaires. Differences in pre- and post-program response ratings and pre- and post-program speech behaviors were evaluated.

Results
Participation in the program resulted in positive changes in the athletes' public speaking ratings and behaviors, as measured by the athletes' and familiar-listeners' pre- and post-program questionnaires and the athletes' observed public speaking performance.

Conclusions
The results support the benefit of individualized coaching in public speaking programs. Because public speaking skills are important for communicating effectively in community interactions more broadly, the program also has potential relevance for use in clinical settings and education programs for adults and adolescents with and without intellectual disabilities.
Numerical modelling strategies using implicit and explicit methods to simulate quasi-static and dynamic three-points bend fracture tests of a ductile steel
Authors: Nozères Frédéric , Couque Hervé , Boulanger Rémi , Quirion Yann , Bailly Patrice , Limido Jérôme 
Published: September 2021

Three-point bend fracture tests have been conducted at different loading rates with a quadratic martensitic steel. The failure energy has been found to increase with loading rate. To get insights in this increase a numerical investigation has been undertaken with different strategies using ABAQUS and IMPETUS softwares in order to address quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions.
Simulations were conducted with the ABAQUS software in order to carry out a comparative analysis of both implicit and explicit approaches. In addition to standard Finite Element Method (FEM) applied to quasi-static and dynamic conditions, the eXtended-Finite Element Method (X-FEM) was applied to quasistatic conditions. In both approaches, implicit and explicit, crack initiation and propagation were governed by a critical plastic strain threshold combined with a displacement-based damage evolution criterion.
Simulations conducted with the IMPETUS software use an explicit approach and second order elements for both quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. A node-splitting method using an energy-based damage criterion was employed to simulate the crack initiation and propagation.
Experimental data and numerical results have been compared, allowing to determine the ability of these two softwares to simulate accurately three-point bend fracture tests.
Conflict of Interest at Microsurgery Conferences: Disclosure of Its Extent and Nature
Authors: Ha Grace , Gray Rachel , Clappier Mona , Tanna Neil , Kasabian Armen K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Industry relationships and conflicts of interest can impact research funding, topics, and outcomes. Little research regarding the role of biomedical companies at microsurgery conferences is available. This study evaluates the role of industry at conferences by comparing payments received by speakers at the American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgeons (ASRM) meeting with those received by speakers at the American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (ASAPS) meeting, the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) meeting, and an average plastic surgeon. It also compares payments made by different companies.
Methods General payments received by speakers at the 2017 ASAPS, ASPS, and ASRM conferences were collected from the Open Payments Database. Mean payments received at each conference were calculated and the Mann–Whitney U test evaluated differences between conference speakers and the average plastic surgeon. The total amount of payments from each company was collected through the Open Payments Database, and Z-tests identified which companies paid significantly more than others.
Results The mean (and median) general payments made to conference speakers at ASAPS (n = 75), ASPS (n = 247), and ASRM (n = 121) were $75,577 ($861), $27,562 ($1,021), and $16,725 ($652), respectively. These payments were significantly greater (p < 0.001 for all) than those of the average plastic surgeon ($4,441 and $327), but not significantly different from each other. Allergan contributed significantly more than other companies to speakers at ASPS and ASAPS, while LifeCell Corporation, Zimmer Biomet Holdings, and Axogen contributed significantly more to speakers at ASRM.
Conclusion Payments to physicians at ASRM were significantly higher than those of an average plastic surgeon but not significantly different from those of speakers at ASAPS and ASPS. Certain companies paid significantly more than their peers at each conference. Given these findings, speakers should strive to make clear the nature and extent of their conflicts of interest when presenting at conferences.
Addressing the Upper Third of the Nose in Endonasal Rhinoplasty
Authors: Gupta Amar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEffective management of the upper nasal vault is based on a thorough preoperative analysis and detailed understanding of the requisite principles and techniques utilized to modify the anatomic structures in this region. The surgeon must equally consider form and function when performing manipulation of the upper nasal vault. Special considerations apply when managing this anatomic region via an endonasal or closed approach. A review of this topic is presented with a focus on techniques as they apply to the endonasal rhinoplasty patient.
‘Knowing that’, ‘knowing why’ and ‘knowing how’
Authors: Graf Eva-Maria , Dionne Frédérick 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOur contribution maps the journey towards setting up a transdisciplinary, interprofessional collaboration between coaching practitioners and coaching researchers from the fields of Applied Linguistics and Applied Psychology. The goal of such a project is to build a community of interest around a common cause, i.e., a practically relevant, language-based coaching problem (in our case, questioning practices in executive coaching), and to collaboratively solve the problem on the basis of assembling and integrating the various epistemes. The purpose of our contribution in the form of a travel report is twofold: firstly, to theoretically and conceptually discuss the challenges and affordances of aligning perspectives and assembling epistemes for such a transdisciplinary research project; Secondly, to present the available epistemic bases and offer first empirical results from our applied linguistic research and our cooperation with Applied Psychology that served as the basis for conceptualising the projectQuestioning Sequences in Coaching(Graf, Spranz-Fogasy, & Künzli, 2020). We end this travel report by critically assessing the transdisciplinary character of the current project and by envisioning another kind of cooperation between coaching practice and coaching research as the future destination of our research journey.
Overhead throwing biomechanics in cricketers: The effect of a run‐up approach
Authors: Dutton Megan , Gray Janine , Divekar Nikhil , Prins Danielle , Tam Nicholas 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTOverhead throwing by cricketers when fielding with different approaches has been described using two‐dimensional analysis. Currently, the three‐dimensional kinematic and kinetic characteristics of an overhead throw performed by cricketers following a run‐up are unknown. Fifteen South African cricketers performed six overhead throws, from a stationary position and with a run‐up over 15–20 m prior to fielding a ball, respectively. Kinematic data and ground reaction forces were collected throughout the throwing trials. Joint kinetics were calculated using inverse dynamics. An independent t‐test or Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to determine joint kinetic differences between throwing approaches. Differences between the kinematic waveforms for stationary and run‐up throwing approaches were assessed using one‐dimensional statistical parametric mapping ANOVA (P < 0.05). The shoulder, elbow and thoraco‐lumbar joints displayed similar kinematics between throwing approaches. The run‐up approach displayed increased hip flexion between 0–34% and 57–100% (F(1, 28) = 6.726; P = 0.01) of the throwing cycle; and lumbo‐pelvic flexion between 57 and 65% (F(1, 28) = 6.823; P = 0.02) of the throwing cycle; greater shoulder compression (F(1, 28) = 1.036; P = 0.02) and posterior force (F(1, 28) = 1.052; P = 0.009) at maximum external rotation; yet less superior shoulder force (F(1, 28) = 1.744; P = 0.005) and elbow compression (F(1, 28) = 4.331; P = 0.03), superior (F(1, 28) = 1.212; P = 0.002) and medial (F(1, 28) = 1.370; P = 0.03) elbow forces at ball release, when compared to a stationary position. Cricketers maintain similar upper limb kinematics between overhead throwing approaches. However, throwing with a run‐up approximately doubles the forces exerted on the shoulder at maximum external rotation, which is most likely caused by the greater dominant hip and lumbo‐pelvic flexion noted. This may amplify the potential risk for shoulder injury when throwing.Highlights
Throwing arm motion is similar irrespective of the approach used by cricketers to throw.
Throwing with a run‐up produced increased angles of lumbo‐pelvic and dominant hip flexion in various phases of the throwing cycle.
Throwing with a run‐up resulted in greater shoulder compression and posterior force at maximum external rotation.
Anomalous broadening of specific heat jump at T
c in high-entropy-alloy-type superconductor TrZr2
Authors: Kasem Md Riad , Yamashita Aichi , Hatano Taishi , Sakurai Kota , Oono-Hori Naoko , Goto Yosuke , Miura Osuke , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A high-entropy-alloy-type (HEA-type) superconductor is new category of highly disordered superconductors. Therefore, finding brand-new superconducting characteristics in the HEA-type superconductors would open new avenue to investigate the relationship between structural disorder and superconductivity. Here, we report on the remarkable broadening of specific heat jump near a superconducting transition tempreature (T
c) in transition-metal zirconides (TrZr2) with different mixing entropy (ΔS
mix) at the Tr site. With increasing ΔS
mix, the superconducting transition seen in specific heat became broader, whereas those seen in magnetization were commonly sharp. Therefore the broadening of specific heat jump would be related to the microscopic inhomogeneity of the formation of Cooper pairs behind the emergence of bulk superconductivity states.
Sustained methane emissions from China after 2012 despite declining coal production and rice-cultivated area
Authors: Sheng Jianxiong , Tunnicliffe Rachel , Ganesan Anita L , Maasakkers Joannes D , Shen Lu , Prinn Ronald G , Song Shaojie , Zhang Yuzhong , Scarpelli Tia , Anthony Bloom A , Rigby Matthew , Manning Alistair J , Parker Robert J , Boesch Hartmut , Lan Xin , Zhang Bo , Zhuang Minghao , Lu Xi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
China’s anthropogenic methane emissions are the largest of any country in the world. A recent study using atmospheric observations suggested that recent policies aimed at reducing emissions of methane due to coal production in China after 2010 had been largely ineffective. Here, based on a longer observational record and an updated modelling approach, we find a statistically significant positive linear trend (0.36 ± 0.04 (

±
1
σ

) Tg CH4 yr−2) in China’s methane emissions for 2010–2017. This trend was slowing down at a statistically significant rate of -0.1 ± 0.04 Tg CH4 yr−3. We find that this decrease in growth rate can in part be attributed to a decline in China’s coal production. However, coal mine methane emissions have not declined as rapidly as production, implying that there may be substantial fugitive emissions from abandoned coal mines that have previously been overlooked. We also find that emissions over rice-growing and aquaculture-farming regions show a positive trend (0.13 ± 0.05 Tg CH4 yr−2 for 2010–2017) despite reports of shrinking rice paddy areas, implying potentially significant emissions from new aquaculture activities, which are thought to be primarily located on converted rice paddies.