bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an autobiographical memory test for older electroconvulsive therapy candidates
Authors: Allan Daniel , Croucher Matthew , Gee Susan , Porter Richard 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To develop a test of autobiographical memory for monitoring of older people during a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Method: A list of events commonly experienced in later life was gathered from older people ( n = 26) at a psychogeriatric day clinic and from psychiatrists ( n = 23) who work with older depressed patients. The most common events were chosen as question domains for an autobiographical memory interview. This was piloted with 12 severely depressed older patients. Results: A list of 15 common life events was developed. After pilot testing, a final 30-item questionnaire covering six common life events was proposed. Conclusion: This study developed an autobiographical memory test with good face validity and potential for clinical use. It was modelled on a well-validated scale (The Columbia University Autobiographical Memory Interview, CUAMI-SF) and represented a useful first step in the development of a test for memory loss in older patients receiving ECT. The proposed test may be particularly sensitive to autobiographical memory loss in older people undergoing ECT because it uses recent personal memories, which are relatively commonly experienced in the older depressed population.
Examining the Characteristics of Patients With Non-Malignant Lung Disease at the Time of Referral to An Inter-Professional Supportive Care Clinic
Authors: Reipas Kristen M. , Grossman Daphna L. , Lock Karen , Caraiscos Valerie B. 
Published: April 2021

Context: Patients with non-malignant, advanced lung diseases (NMALD), such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD), experience a high symptom burden over a prolonged period. Involvement of palliative care has been shown to improve symptom management, reduce hospital visits and enhance psychosocial support; however, optimal timing of referral is unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the stage in the illness trajectory that patients with NMALD are referred to an ambulatory palliative care clinic. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients with NMALD who attended a Supportive Care Clinic (SCC) between March 1, 2017 and March 31, 2019. Results: Thirty patients attended the SCC during the study period. The most common diagnoses included COPD (36.7%), ILD (36.7%), and bronchiectasis (3.3%). At the time of initial consultation, the majority (89.4%) had Medical Research Council (MRC) class 4-5 dyspnea, however, only 1 patient had been prescribed opioids for management of breathlessness. Twenty-six patients had advance care planning discussions in the SCC. Phone appointments were a highly utilized feature of the program as patients had difficulty attending in-person appointments due to frailty and dyspnea. One-half of patients had at least 1 disease-related hospital admission in the previous year. Six patients were referred directly to home palliative care at their initial consultation. Conclusions: Referral to palliative care often occurs at late stages in non-malignant lung disease. Further, opioids for the management of dyspnea are significantly underutilized by non-palliative providers.
Scalable Model for Delivery of Inpatient Palliative Care During a Pandemic
Authors: Kaya Ebru , Lewin Warren , Frost David , Hannon Breffni , Zimmermann Camilla 
Published: April 2021

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals worldwide have reported large volumes of patients with refractory symptoms and a large number of deaths attributable to COVID-19. This has led to an increase in the demand for palliative care beyond what can be provided by most existing programs. We developed a scalable model to enable continued provision of high-quality palliative care during a pandemic for hospitals without a palliative care unit or existing dedicated palliative care beds. Methods: A COVID-19 consultation service working group (CWG) was convened with stakeholders from palliative care, emergency medicine, critical care, and general internal medicine. The CWG connected with local palliative care teams to ensure a coordinated response, and developed a model to ensure high-quality palliative care provision. Results: Our 3-step scalable model included: (1) consultant model enhanced by virtual care; (2) embedded model; and (3) cohorted end-of-life unit for COVID-19 positive patients. This approach was enabled through tools and resources to ensure specialist palliative care capacity and rapid upskilling of all clinicians to deliver basic palliative care. Enabling tools and resources included a triage tool for in-person versus virtual care, new medication order sets and guidelines to facilitate prescribing for common symptoms, and lead advance care planning and goals of care discussions. A redeployment plan of generalist physicians and psychiatrists was created to ensure seamless provision of serious illness care. Conclusion: This 3-step, scalable approach enables rapid upscaling of palliative care in collaboration with generalist physicians, and may be adapted for future pandemics or natural disasters.
Cleft Alveolar Bone Graft Materials: Literature Review
Authors: Dissaux Caroline , Ruffenach Laetitia , Bruant-Rodier Catherine , George Daniel , Bodin Frédéric , Rémond Yves 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Since the early stages of alveolar bone grafting development, multiple types of materials have been used. Iliac cancellous bone graft (ICBG) remains the gold standard. Design/Methods: A review of literature is conducted in order to describe the different bone filling possibilities, autologous or not, and to assess their effectiveness compared to ICBG. This review focused on studies reporting volumetric assessment of the alveolar cleft graft result (by computed tomography scan or cone beam computed tomography). Results: Grafting materials fall into 3 types: autologous bone grafts, ICBG supplementary material, and bone substitutes. Among autologous materials, no study showed the superiority of any other bone origin over iliac cancellous bone. Yet ICBG gives inconsistent results and presents donor site morbidity. Concerning supplementary material, only 3 studies could show a benefit of adding platelet-rich fibrin (1 study) or platelet-rich plasma (2 studies) to ICBG, which remains controversial in most studies. There is a lack of 3-dimensional (3D) assessment in most articles concerning the use of scaffolds. Only one study showed graft improvement when adding acellular dermal matrix to ICBG. Looking at bone substitutes highlights failures among bioceramics alone, side-effects with bone morphogenetic protein-2 composite materials, and difficulties in cell therapy setup. Studies assessing cell therapy–based substitutes show comparable efficacy with ICBG but remain too few. Conclusion: This review highlights the lack of 3D assessments in the alveolar bone graft materials field. Nothing dethroned ICBG from its position as the gold standard treatment at this time.
Imbalanced flow changes of distal arteries: An important factor in process of delayed ipsilateral parenchymal hemorrhage after flow diversion in patients with cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Li Wenqiang , Zhu Wei , Liu Jian , Yang Xinjian 
Published: April 2021

Background and objective Hemodynamic forces may play a role in symptomatic delayed ipsilateral parenchymal hemorrhage (DIPH) of intracranial aneurysm (IA) after flow diverter placement. We aimed to investigate the hemodynamic risk factors in the postsurgical DIPH process. Methods Six patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm developed to DIPH and 12 patients without DIPH (1:2 matched controls) after flow diverter were included between January 2015 to January 2019. Postsurgical hemodynamics of distal arteries (terminal ICA, middle cerebral artery (MCA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA)) were investigated using computational fluid dynamics, as well as the hemodynamic alteration between pre- and post-treatment. The DIPH related and unrelated distal arteries (either MCA or ACA) were discriminated and compared. Definition of imbalance index is the difference in increased velocity post-flow diverter between MCA and ACA and was used to evaluate the blood flow distribution of distal arteries. Results The mean and maximum flow velocities in the terminal ICA increased significantly after treatment in both groups. In DIPH group, the increase rate of mean velocity in the DIPH-related artery was significantly higher than that in DIPH-unrelated artery after the treatment (20.98 ± 15.38% vs −6.40 ± 7.74%; p = 0.028). Between the DIPH and control group, the baseline characteristics were well matched. However, a higher imbalance index of mean velocity was found in DIPH group (27.38 ± 13.03% vs 10.85 ± 14.12%; p = 0.031). Conclusion The mean velocity of DIPH related artery increased more, and the imbalance in increased blood flow distribution of distal arteries might play an important role in DIPH after flow diverter of IAs.
The management of menopausal symptoms in women following treatment for cancer at a specialist menopause service
Authors: Chakrabarti R , Holloway D , Bruce D , Rymer J 
Published: April 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to identify prescribing patterns at a specialist menopause service in a central London teaching hospital for women following treatment for a malignancy. Study design This was a prospective cohort study with data collected over a seven-month period from December 2019 to June 2020. All women reviewed at the specialist menopause services following treatment of a malignancy, BRCA carriers and Lynch syndrome were included in the study, with management options divided into three categories: hormonal, non-hormonal and no treatment. Main outcome measures The primary outcome of this study was to identify prescribing patterns for all women reviewed following a diagnosis of a malignancy, as well as those with genetic mutations necessitating risk-reducing prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy (BSO). Results Altogether 71 women were included in this study, with the majority of women post management of a non-gynaecological malignancy (51/71, 72%), of which breast cancer was the most common (37/71, 52%). While non-hormonal treatment was the most popular among those treated for breast cancer, for all other malignancies, hormonal treatment was more widespread. Fourteen women also had genetic mutations, with all of these women commencing hormonal treatment post risk reducing surgery. Conclusion With the exception of those with a history of hormone-sensitive breast cancer, the use of hormonal treatment for menopausal symptoms remained widespread. While this was a relatively small study, the need for long-term follow-up across specialist menopause services, to assess the risk of recurrence is vital.
The Benefits of Mindfulness for Promoting Resilience Among At-Risk Adolescents: Results From the Inner Strength Teen Program
Authors: Razza Rachel , Bergen-Cico Dessa , Reid Staceyann , Uveges Rachel Linsner 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This study examined the effectiveness of a 12-week mindfulness curriculum for at-risk, urban adolescents. Of particular interest was whether participation in the intervention was associated with gains in self-regulation and self-compassion. Design/Approach/Methods: The analytic sample included 217 public high school students from thirteen 11th and 12th grade classrooms; 133 students received one dose of the program, 39 students received two doses, and 45 students served as a control group. The program was delivered by a trained mindfulness instructor who met with the classrooms once a week for 45 min. Adolescents completed self-report measures tapping self-regulation and self-compassion at pretest and posttest. Findings: Results indicated significant benefits of the intervention for adolescents’ self-compassion among both intervention groups. The effect was larger among students participating for the first time (one-dose group) than for those who were participating for a second time (two-dose group). There was also evidence that the program supported self-regulation, as students in both intervention dosage groups maintained their levels of long-term regulation relative to their peers in the control group who reported a decline over time. Originality/Value: While both self-regulation and self-compassion were supported as mechanisms of change associated with mindfulness-based intervention, the effects of dosage differed across the two constructs. The impacts of timing and dosage need to be examined in future research to better understand the sustainability of program effects for adolescents.
Patients’ Perception and Satisfaction on Neck and Shoulder Imbalance in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Lee Sin Ying , Ch’ng Pei Ying , Wong Tat Seng , Ling Xiu Wen , Chung Weng Hong , Chiu Chee Kidd , Chan Chris Yin Wei , Lean Mei Li , Kwan Mun Keong 
Published: April 2021

Study Design: Cross-sectional. Objectives: To evaluate the perception and satisfaction among adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients on Neck Tilt with Medial Shoulder Imbalance and Lateral Shoulder Imbalance. Methods: Lenke 1 and 2 AIS patients were stratified into 6 groups of preoperative/ postoperative Balanced (B), Lateral Shoulder Imbalance (LSI) (>2 cm), and Neck Tilt with Medial Shoulder Imbalance (NT) (Grade 3). Patients were interviewed using Modified Neck and Shoulder Appearance and SRS-22r questionnaires. T1 tilt, Cervical Axis (CA), Clavicle Angle (Cla-A) and Radiographic Shoulder Height (RSH) were measured. Results: A total of 120 Lenke 1 and 2 AIS patients were recruited. NT patients were aware and unhappy with their abnormal neck with medial shoulder appearances ( P < .001). Similarly, LSI patients were aware and unhappy with their abnormal lateral shoulder appearances ( P < .001). NT group had larger preoperative/ postoperative T1 tilt (9.2 ± 5.0°; 9.5 ± 5.3°) and CA (4.6 ± 3.1°; 7.0 ± 2.0°) ( P < .01). LSI group had larger preoperative/ postoperative Cla-A (4.8 ± 2.8°; 4.0 ± 1.3°) and RSH (20.1 ± 9.4 mm; 17.0 ± 6.6 mm) ( P < .001). Postoperative B group scored higher in overall SRS-22r scores, self-image and satisfaction domains (4.2 ± 0.3; 4.0 ± 0.5; 4.4 ± 0.5) while preoperative LSI scored the lowest comparatively (3.5 ± 0.4; 2.4 ± 0.5; 3.3 ± 0.5) ( P < .001). Conclusion: NT and LSI were major concerns among AIS patients. Both NT and LSI groups were unhappy with their appearances. NT group had larger T1 tilt/ CA whereas LSI group had larger Cla-A/ RSH. Postoperative B group scored higher in overall SRS-22r scores, self-image and satisfaction domains.
Defining Minimal Clinically Important Difference After Open Hip Abductor Repair
Authors: Uppstrom Tyler J. , Sullivan Spencer W. , Burger Joost A. , Ranawat Anil S. , Kelly Bryan T. , Nwachukwu Benedict U. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Open repair for gluteus medius and minimus tears is a common surgical treatment for patients with lateral hip pain associated with abductor tears; however, clinically meaningful outcomes have not been described after open surgical treatment. Purpose: To define the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in patients undergoing open gluteus medius or minimus repair, and to identify preoperative patient characteristics predictive of achieving MCID postoperatively. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data from a consecutive series of patients undergoing open abductor repair between July 2010 and April 2019 was conducted. Perioperative patient data collected included patient characteristics and preoperative and postoperative modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-33) score. Paired t tests were utilized to compare preoperative and postoperative PROMs and MCID was calculated for both PROMs. Multivariate logistical regression analysis was used to assess the association between preoperative variables and the likelihood for achieving MCID. Results: A total of 47 patients were included in the study. The majority of patients were female (78.7%), with an average age of 63 ± 10.7 years. The average follow-up for both the mHHS and the iHOT-33 surveys was 37.8 ± 27.9 months (range, 10-102 months). Patients demonstrated statistically significant improvements on the mHHS and iHOT-33 postoperatively ( P < .001 for both). The MCIDs of mHHS and iHOT-33 were calculated to be 9.9 and 14.3, respectively. Overall, 82.9% of patients achieved MCID for mHHS and 84.1% of patients achieved MCID for iHOT-33 postoperatively. Multivariate logistical analysis demonstrated younger patients were less likely to achieve MCID for both outcome measures. Four patients (8.5%) suffered postoperative complications after open repair. Conclusion: This study defined MCID for mHHS and iHOT-33 for patients undergoing open repair of hip abductor tears, with a large percentage of patients (>80%) achieving meaningful outcomes for both outcome measures. There was a low complication rate. Younger patients were less likely to achieve MCID compared with older patients.
Molecular interactions of miR-338 during tumor progression and metastasis
Authors: Moghbeli Meysam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer, as one of the main causes of human deaths, is currently a significant global health challenge. Since the majority of cancer-related deaths are associated with late diagnosis, it is necessary to develop minimally invasive early detection markers to manage and reduce mortality rates. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as highly conserved non-coding RNAs, target the specific mRNAs which are involved in regulation of various fundamental cellular processes such as cell proliferation, death, and signaling pathways. MiRNAs can also be regulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). They are highly stable in body fluids and have tumor-specific expression profiles, which suggest their suitability as efficient non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic tumor markers. Aberrant expression of miR-338 has been widely reported in different cancers. It regulates cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and apoptosis in tumor cells.Main bodyIn the present review, we have summarized all miR-338 interactions with other non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and associated signaling pathways to clarify the role of miR-338 during tumor progression.ConclusionsIt was concluded that miR-338 mainly functions as a tumor suppressor in different cancers. There were also significant associations between miR-338 and other ncRNAs in tumor cells. Moreover, miR-338 has a pivotal role during tumor progression using the regulation of WNT, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. This review highlights miR-338 as a pivotal ncRNA in biology of tumor cells.
The Design of the AZO Conductive Layer on Microchannel Plate
Authors: Wang Yuman , Liu Shulin , Yan Baojun , Qi Ming , Wen Kaile , Zhang Binting , Gu Jianyu , Yao Wenjing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhen the resistivity of the AZO conductive layer is within the MCP resistance requirement, the interval of the Zn content is very narrow (70–73%) and difficult to control. Aiming at the characteristics of the AZO conductive layer on the microchannel plate, an algorithm is designed to adjust the ratio of the conductive material ZnO and the high resistance material Al2O3. We put forward the concept of the working resistance of the MCP (i.e., the resistance during the electron avalanche in the microchannel). The working resistance of AZO-ALD-MCP (Al2O3/ZnO atomic layer deposition microchannel plate) was measured for the first time by the MCP resistance test system. In comparison with the conventional MCP, we found that the resistance of AZO-ALD-MCP in working state and non-working state is very different, and as the voltage increases, the working resistance significantly decreases. Therefore, we proposed a set of analytical methods for the conductive layer. We also proposed to adjust the ratio of the conductive material of the ALD-MCP conductive layer to the high-resistance material under the working resistance condition, and successfully prepared high-gain AZO-ALD-MCP. This design opens the way for finding better materials for the conductive layer of ALD-MCP to improve the performance of MCP.
Occurrence of carcinogenic illudane glycosides in drinking water wells
Authors: Skrbic Natasa , Kisielius Vaidotas , Pedersen Ann-Katrin , Christensen Sarah C. B. , Hedegaard Mathilde J. , Hansen Hans Christian Bruun , Rasmussen Lars Holm 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Ptaquiloside (PTA), caudatoside (CAU) and ptesculentoside (PTE) are carcinogenic illudane glycosides found in bracken ferns (Pteridium spp.) world-wide. The environmentally mobile PTA entails both acute and chronic toxicity. A comparable risk might be associated with the structurally similar CAU and PTE. It is of great health concern if these compounds are present in drinking water, however, it is currently unknown if these compounds can detected in wells in bracken-dominated regions. This study investigates the presence of PTA, CAU, PTE, and their corresponding hydrolysis products pterosins B (PtB), A (PtA) and G (PtG) in water wells in Denmark, Sweden and Spain. Water samples from a total of 77 deep groundwater wells (40–100 m) and shallow water wells (8–40 m) were collected and preserved in the field, pre-concentrated in the laboratory and analysed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS).

Results
Deep groundwater wells contained neither illudane glycosides nor their pterosins. However, seven private shallow wells contained at least one of the illudane glycosides and/or pterosins at concentrations up to 0.27 µg L−1 (PTA), 0.75 µg L−1 (CAU), 0.05 µg L−1 (PtB), 0.03 µg L−1 (PtA) and 0.28 µg L−1 (PtG). This is the first finding of illudane glycosides and pterosins in drinking water wells.

Conclusions
Detected concentrations of illudane glycosides in some of investigated wells exceeded the suggested maximum tolerable concentrations of PTA, although they were used for drinking water purpose. Contaminated wells were shallow with neutral pH and lower electric conductivity compared to deep groundwater wells with no illudane glycosides nor pterosins.