bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Multi-Imaging-Casting Accelerator for Fully Parallel Universal Convolution Computing
Authors: Zhou Changhe , Ma Guoqing , Zhu Rongwei , Yu Junjie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Over the last few years, optical computing has become a potential solution to computationally heavy convolution, aimed at accelerating various artificial intelligence applications. However, past schemes have never efficiently realized fully parallel optical convolution. Here, we propose a new paradigm for a universal convolution accelerator with truly massive parallelism and high precision based on optical multi-imaging-casting architecture. Specifically, a two-dimensional Dammann grating is adopted for the generation of multiple displaced images of the kernel, which is the core process for kernel sliding on the convolved matrix. Our experimental results indicate that the computing accuracy is typically close to 8-bit, and this accuracy can be improved further by using hybrid analog–digital coding method. In addition, a convolutional neural network for the standard MNIST dataset is demonstrated, and the recognition accuracy for inference is up to 97.3%. The paradigm reported here will open new opportunities for high-throughput universal convolution accelerators for real-time or quasi-real-time AI applications.
Prognostic Signature based on Transcriptome Characteristics of the C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Validation
Authors: Zhou Xin , Nong Ju-sen , Li Tian-man , Wei Zhong-liu , Lan Chen-lu , Fu Tian-hao , Liao Xi-wen , Ye Xin-ping , Peng Tao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Object: This investigation aimed to assess the clinical significance of C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR) genes in HCC and construct the prognostic signature based on transcriptome characteristics of the CCRs. Methods: Clinical significance of CCRs were evaluated in TCGA database and GSE14520 dataset, and prognostic CCRs (CCR1,5,7) were screened out for validation and further analysis. The relationships between CCR1,5,7 and prognosis were then evaluated in the Guangxi cohort. Based on the expression levels of CCR1,5,7 and clinicopathological characteristics, the nomograms and prognostic signatures were respectively constructed in GSE14520 dataset and Guangxi cohort. Results: CCR1,5,7 were associated with overall survival of the HCC patients in GSE14520 database, TCGA database or Guangxi cohort. In the prognostic signature, the accuracy of prognosis risk assessment based on CCR1,5,7 expression was satisfactory. The nomogram constructed in terms of the expression levels of CCR1,5,7 and clinicopathological characteristics provided a convenient tool for clinician to assess the prognostic risk of each patient. GSEA results suggested that CCRs were mainly related to B cell receptor signal pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, T cell receptor signal pathway, etc. In addition, we also found that CCR1,5,7 were significantly positively correlated with the degree of immune infiltration of B cells, T cells, and macrophagesConclusion: CCR1,5,7 might serve as prognostic biomarkers in HCC; CCR1,5,7 might regulate the progression of HCC by impacting immune cells infiltration.
Reduced CXCR4 expression in associated with extramedullary and predicts poor survival in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Chen Dangui , Chen Ying , Zhan Yang , Yan Hong , Liang Hong , yao fusheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), a bone marrow-resident hematological malignancy of plasma cells, has remained largely incurable despite the advancement of novel therapies in recent years. Because of the heterogeneity of myeloma cells, risk stratification of MM is important for making therapeutic regimens. Nevertheless, no immunohistochemical (IHC) predictive and prognostic marker of MM has been constructed yet. Herein, the prognostic value of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression in 48 newly diagnosed MM patients was explored using IHC. Correlations between CXCR4 expression and clinical features of MM were analyzed. CXCR4-positive patients significantly outperformed CXCR4- negative patients in both 3-year estimated overall survival (93.8% vs 45.8%) and progression-free survival (57.1% vs 40.9%). The incidence of extramedullary lesions in CXCR4-negative patients increased significantly compared with CXCR4-positive patients. Plasma cells that reduce CXCR4 expression have poor prognosis and increase the incidence of extramedullary lesions.
Intestinal Gluconeogenesis Shapes Gut Microbiota, Fecal and Urine Metabolome in Mice with Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Vily-Petit Justine , Barataud Aude , Zitoun Carine , Gautier-Stein Amandine , Serino Matteo , Mithieux Gilles 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background&Aims: Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN), gastric bypass (GBP) and gut microbiota positively regulate glucose homeostasis and diet-induced dysmetabolism. GBP modulates gut microbiota but whether IGN intensity could shape it has not been investigated. Methods: To this aim, we studied gut microbiota and microbiome in wild-type and IGN-deficient mice which underwent GBP and were fed on either a normal chow (NC) or a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. We also studied fecal and urine metabolome in NC-fed mice. Results: IGN and GBP had a peculiar effect on both gut microbiota and microbiome, on NC and HFHS diet. IGN inactivation induced Deltaproteobacteria on NC and higher Proteobacteria such as Helicobacter on HFHS diet. GBP induced higher Firmicutes and Proteobacteria on NC-fed WT mice and Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria on HFHS-fed WT mice. The combined effect of IGN inactivation and GBP induced higher Actinobacteria on NC and higher Enterococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae on HFHS diet. A reduction was observed in short-chain fatty acids in fecal (by GBP) and in both fecal and urine (by IGN inactivation) metabolome. Conclusions: IGN and GBP, alone and in combination, shape gut microbiota and microbiome on NC- and HFHS-fed mice, together with a change in fecal and urine metabolome.
Longitudinal Study on the Progression of Muscle Status Among Community-Dwelling Ambulatory Older Multiethnic Asians With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Tan Ngiap Chuan , Sankari Usha , Ng Chiat Eng , Ling Eileen Koh Yi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background:Muscle health decline with age, but its deterioration in older persons with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over time is not well-established. This study aimed to determine the change in muscle mass, grip strength and gait speed over a period of observation among community-dwelling ambulatory older multi-ethnic Asian patients with T2DM and their associated factors.Methods:Among 387 eligible patients aged 60-89 years who were recruited at baseline, 348 (89.9%) were reviewed at a public primary care clinic in Singapore in the subsequent 9 to 34 months. The change in their clinical and functional status, levels of physical activity and muscle status (mass, grip strength and gait speed based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria) were recorded and compared. Their physical activity levels were assessed using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Their quality of life was evaluated based on the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) domains. Linear regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with muscle health change.Results:The study population comprised men (52.9%), Chinese (69.3%), Malay (15.5%), Indian (8.6%), mean age of 68.4±SD5.6 years and had at least secondary education (76.4%). Overall, their mean muscle mass significantly decreased by 0.7±SD1.2kg/m2, mean grip strength by 1.0±SD4.6kg and negligible change in gait speed. Their mean weight significantly decreased by 0.5±SD3.9kg, waist and hip circumferences by 2.5±SD6cm and 3.2±SD5.1cm respectively, with no change in BMI. Linear regression shows significant associations between muscle mass and education level (β=0.29, p=0.040, 95%CI=0.01-0.56), BMI (β=0.10, p=0.001, 95%CI=0.04-0.16) and review interval (β=-0.003, p<0.001, 95%CI=-0.004--0.002); gait speed is associated with singlehood (β=-0.12, p=0.035, 95%CI=-0.23--0.01) and WHOQOL physical health (β=0.01, p=0.028, 95%CI=0.00-0.02) domain. No factor is associated with hand grip strength change.Conclusions:The study population showed significant decline in their mean weight, waist and hip circumferences, mean muscle mass and mean grip strength but gait speed was unaffected. Muscle mass change was associated with education level, BMI and length of review interval. Grip strength was not correlated with any significant factor. Gait speed was associated with singlehood and physical health.
Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Detection with Various Prostate Sampling Schemes Based on Different csPCa Definitions
Authors: Wang Fei , Chen Tong , Wang Meng , Chen Hanbing , Wang Caishan , Liu Peiqing , Liu Songtao , Luo Jing , Ma Qi , Xu Lijun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Combining targeted biopsy (TB) with systematic biopsy (SB) is currently recommended as the first-line biopsy method by the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) with an abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The combined SB and TB indeed detected an additional number of patients with clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa); however, it did so at the expense of a concomitant increase in biopsy cores. Our study aimed to evaluate if ipsilateral SB (ipsi-SB) + TB or contralateral SB (contra-SB) + TB could achieve almost equal csPCa detection rates as SB + TB using fewer cores based on a different csPCa definition.Methods Patients with at least one positive prostate lesion were prospectively diagnosed by MRI. The combination of TB and SB was conducted in all patients. We compared the csPCa detection rates of the following four hypothetical biopsy sampling schemes with those of SB + TB: SB, TB, ipsi-SB + TB, and contra-SB + TB. Results The study enrolled 279 men. The median core of SB, TB, ipsi-SB + TB, and contra-SB + TB was 10, 2, 7 and 7, respectively; they all differed significantly from SB + TB (P < 0.001). ipsi-SB + TB detected significantly more patients with csPCa than contra-SB + TB based on the EAU guidelines (P = 0.042). ipsi-SB + TB and contra-SB + TB detected almost equal number of csPCa on the basis of the Epstein criteria (P = 1.000). Compared with SB + TB, each remaining method detected significantly fewer patients with csPCa regardless of the definition (P < 0.001) except ipsi-SB + TB, which achieved an almost equivalent csPCa detection rate to that of SB + TB on the grounds of D1 (P = 0.066).Conclusions ipsi-SB + TB could detect significantly more patients with csPCa than contra-SB + TB and acquire an almost equivalent csPCa detection rate to that of SB + TB using significantly fewer cores when csPCa was defined as International Society for Urological Pathology (ISUP) 2 or higher.
The Feasibility and Effects in Full Staging Surgery of Endometrial Cancer by Combination of Transumbilical Single-port Laparoscopy and ERAS
Authors: Cai Zhifu , Chen Mengjie , Wang He , Li Li 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundsTo study the safety, feasibility and aesthetics of transumbilical single port laparoscopic technology combined with accelerated rehabilitation surgery in stage I endometrial cancer staging surgery, and whether the laparoscopic surgery is a factor affecting the prognosis of endometrial cancer. MethodsA total of 93 patients with type I endometrial cancer stage I were enrolled in this study, including 31 cases and 62 cases in the single port and multi-port laparoscopic groups, respectively. Both groups received ERAS technology to compare the intraoperative and postoperative conditions. Subsequently, the medical records of 62 patients who had undergone open surgery were collected, and the survival, recurrence and death of the single port laparoscopic group, the multi-port laparoscopic group and the open surgery group were compared through survival analysis. ResultsThe time of surgery, intraoperative blood loss and fluid infusion volume in the single port group and the multi-port group were significantly less than those of the multi-port group (P<0.05). The single-hole group was better than the open group in terms of rapid postoperative recovery, hospitalization days, incision abdominal incision cometic effect, physical function, physical pain, vitality, and mental health (P<0.05). And there is no significant differences of mortality and recurrence among single port, multi-port and open surgery (P>0.05). Laparoscopic surgery is not a risk factor affecting OS and DFS in patients with endometrial cancer. ConclusionsTransumbilical single port laparoscopy combined with ERAS was safe and feasible for the treatment of stage I endometrial cancer with good cosmetic results and more advantages than multi-port laparoscopy.
Attitudes Toward Aging And Happiness In Chinese Old Adults：A Mediating Effect of Spirituality
Authors: Li Jie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Attitudes toward aging in old adults are critical for their adjustment, health-promoting behavior, quality of life and life satisfaction. However, fairly little is known about the inner mechanism between attitudes toward aging and happiness in Chinse old adults. This study examined the relationship between attitudes toward aging and happiness in old adults by introducing the mediator of spirituality in a Chinese context. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among persons aged 50 to 100 years old was carried out in 16 selected cities of 9 provinces (municipality) in Western,Central,and Eastern China. Trained research assistants collected data by face to face interview with the aid of online questionnaire. The Attitude to Aging Questionnaire (AAQ),Howden’ Spirituality Assessment (SA),and Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH) were used to measure participants’ attitudes toward aging,spirituality and happiness. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and AMOS 24.Results: The mean scores of AAQ and its three domains of psychosocial loss, physical change and psychological growth,spirituality and happiness were 81.85(+10.39), 26.46(+4.97), 28.34(+4.69), 27.01(+4.02),101.06 (+12.88),and 31.72 (+9.87), respectively. Three domains, spirituality and happiness were positively correlated with each other. The spirituality acted as a full mediator on the positive relationship between the two domains of physical change and psychological growth and happiness.Conclusions: First, Chinese old adults’ attitudes toward aging was positive and positively related to spirituality and happiness; second, Chinese old adults’ spirituality was high and positively related to happiness; third, Chinese old adults’ happiness was fair and the significantly positive association between old adults’ attitude toward aging (i.e. physical change and psychological growth) and happiness was entirely due to the growth of spirituality.
Biocompatible Iron Sulphide Nanoparticles Against Neuroinflammation for Intracerebral Haemorrhage and Long-term Neurological Functional Recovery
Authors: Zhang Song , Xiong Tianqing , Yuan Yuan , Zhuang Wenwen , Xu Yijun , Zhang Jingwen , Tao Chunhua , Liang Jingyan , Xu Zhuobin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMass effects of haematoma, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis are the major causes of poor prognosis of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Our previous study suggests that biocompatible iron sulphide nanoparticles possess peroxidase-like activity and can release hydrogen polysulfanes, which may inhibit brain injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective efficacy of diallyl disulfide (DADS)-nFeS in mice after ICH and preliminarily illustrate the potential mechanism. MethodsAdult male C57BL/6 mice (n = 176) were injected with bacterial collagenase in the striatum. In the first part, DADS-nFeS at different doses (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered 2 h, 26 h, and 50 h before ICH. In the second and third parts, DADS-nFeS (50 mg/kg) was administered 2 h, 26 h, and 50 h before and after the induction of ICH in the pre-treatment group and post-treatment group, respectively. H&E staining was performed to detect drug toxicity. Haematoma volume measurement, Fluoro-Jade C (F-JC) staining, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays, and neurobehavioural tests were performed. ResultsAll three doses of DADS-nFeS had neuroprotective effects, and 50 mg/kg resulted in the best outcome. DADS-nFeS reduced the haematoma volume and MDA content, inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes, progressive neuronal degeneration, and apoptosis, increased SOD activity and neuronal survival, and improved both short-term and long-term neurological functions in perihaematomal areas after ICH. Moreover, DADS-nFeS was associated with the downregulation of Iba-1, GFAP, TNF-α, IL-1β, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and Bax/Bcl-2 levels in perihaematomal areas after ICH. Finally, post-treatment with DADS-nFeS had a better effect than pre-treatment with DADS-nFeS. ConclusionsOur study indicated that gavage administration of DADS-nFeS decreased the haematoma volume, suppressed neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis, and improved short- and long-term neurological functions, which was, at least in part, realized by inhibiting the activation of microglia and astrocytes, enhancing local SOD activity, and decreasing the recruitment of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, DADS-nFeS may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy via the diet against central nervous system diseases.
Evaluation of the Societal Burden of Rare Diseases in the United States
Authors: Cioffi Gina , Andreu Pedro , Karam Jenny , Child Caroline , Chiesi Giacomo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMost patients with rare diseases have no effective treatment or cure available to them. However, scarcity of data and disease complexity mean the full extent of the patient, family and social burden of rare diseases remains undocumented. Understanding the cost drivers and the economic impact that a lack of treatment poses is critical for highlighting the unmet need to inform future investments and policymaking.MethodsWe selected five priority therapeutic areas (TAs; metabolic, neurological, congenital, hematological and immunological) encompassing 227 well documented rare diseases. Discussions with patients and physicians identified the 24 most relevant (highest unmet need) diseases within the five TAs. We assessed direct (costs associated with medical care), indirect (costs related to productivity losses) and mortality (costs associated with loss of life) costs. We also assessed these costs for 24 chronic mass-market (MM) diseases. Based on the overall cost burden per patient per year (PPPY) for the rare diseases, a scenario analysis was conducted to assess the average cost if treatments were not available. Lastly, the findings from the initial 24 rare diseases were extrapolated to 227 rare diseases in the five TAs. ResultsThe average cost burden of the 24 diseases analyzed ranged from $121 000 to $334 000 PPPY compared with $26 000 PPPY for MM diseases. Averaging across selected rare diseases, lack of treatment was associated with a 21.2% increase in total costs, from $198 000 to $240 000 PPPY. When these results were extrapolated to 227 rare diseases belonging to the five TAs, similar results were obtained: the average cost of rare diseases was approximately 10 times higher ($266 000 PPPY vs $26 000 PPPY) than for the MM diseases. ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that rare diseases impose substantial economic burden, which remains high even when treatments are available. However, the cost composition shifts towards medical care and away from other types of burden. To the extent that new treatments provide clinical benefit for patients and their families, these shifts in burden are likely productive. Accelerated progress in the development of diagnostic methods, treatments and updated regulatory frameworks for rare diseases are recommended.
Dual Guidance Structure for Evaluation of Patients with Unclear Diagnosis in Centers for Rare Diseases (ZSE-DUO): Study Protocol for a Controlled Multi-center Cohort Study
Authors: Hebestreit Helge , Zeigler Cornalia , Schippers Christopher , de Zwaan Martina , Deckert Jürgen , Heuschmann Peter , Krauth Christian , Bullinger Monika , Berger Alexandra , Berneburg Mark , Brandstetter Lilly , Deibele Anna , Dieris-Hirche Jan , Graeßner Holm , Gündel Harald , Herpertz Stephan , Heuft Gereon , Lapstich Anne-Marie , Lücke Thomas , Maisch Tim , Mundlos Christine , Petermann-Meyer Andrea , Müller Susanne , Ott Stephan , Pfister Lisa , Quitmann Julia , Romanos Marcel , Rutsch Frank , Schaubert Kristina , Schubert Katharina , Schulz Jörg B. , Schweiger Susann , Tüscher Oliver , Ungethüm Kathrin , Wagner Thomas O. F. , Haas Kirsten 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background In individuals suffering from a rare disease the diagnostic process and the confirmation of a final diagnosis often extends over many years. Factors contributing to delayed diagnosis include health care professionals' limited knowledge of rare diseases and frequent (co-)occurrence of mental disorders that may complicate and delay the diagnostic process. The ZSE-DUO study aims to assess the benefits of a combination of a physician focusing on somatic aspects with a mental health expert working side by side as a tandem in the diagnostic process.Study design This multi-center, prospective controlled study has a two-phase cohort design. Methods Two cohorts of 682 patients each are sequentially recruited from 11 university-based German Centers for Rare Diseases (CRD): the standard care cohort (control, somatic expertise only) and the innovative care cohort (experimental, combined somatic and mental health expertise). Individuals aged 12 years and older presenting with symptoms and signs which are not explained by current diagnoses will be included. Data will be collected prior to (T0) and at the first visit (T1) to the CRD’s outpatient clinic and 12 months thereafter (T2). Outcomes Primary outcome is the percentage of patients with one or more confirmed diagnoses covering the symptomatic spectrum presented. Sample size is calculated to detect a 10 percent increase from 30% in standard care to 40% in the innovative dual expert cohort. Secondary outcomes are a) time to diagnosis/diagnoses explaining the symptomatology; b) proportion of patients successfully referred from CRD to standard care; c) costs of diagnosis including incremental cost effectiveness ratios; d) predictive value of screening instruments administered at T0 to identify patients with mental disorders ; e) patients’ quality of life and evaluation of care; and f) physicians’ satisfaction with the innovative care approach. Conclusions This is the first multi-center study to investigate the effects of a mental health specialist working in tandem with a somatic expert physician in CRDs. If this innovative approach proves successful, it will be made available on a larger scale nationally and promoted internationally. In the best case, ZSE-DUO can significantly shorten the time to diagnosis for a suspected rare disease.