bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineered Generation of Human Natural Killer Cells From Different Somatic Cells Subjected to Physical Reprogramming
Authors: Song Na , Hu Jian chuan , Su Chao , Chen Xian cheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: As part of the innate immune system, natural killer (NK) cells can directly kill virus-infected cells and malignant cells without pre-immunization. NK cell-based immunotherapy has attracted tremendous attention as a practical treatment for cancer and other diseases. In order to provide unlimited “off-the-shelf” NK cells to serve many recipients, we designed and demonstrated an overall manufacturing scheme for mass production of NK cells from physically reprogrammed somatic cells. Methods: Different somatic cells would be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by physical-dynamic suspension culture system, which was non-viral, non-integrated, non-compound-induced, feeder-free, and serum-free. The pluripotency of iPSCs was assessed by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry analysis, western blot, and teratoma assay. By using a combination of cytokines, iPSCs would be further differentiated into NK cells. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry analysis, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release method were performed to evaluate the characteristics of NK cells. Results: Starting from human somatic cells, we obtained iPSCs in the form of spherical embryoids (SEs) through physical reprogramming. iPSCs were similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in their characteristics, including morphology, expression of pluripotency-associated markers, and teratoma formation. NK cells were efficiently generated from SEs by a combination of cytokines under feeder-free conditions. SEs-NK cells share similar phenotypic and functional characteristics with human NK cells, including morphology, cell surface markers, and cytotoxicity. Conclusions: We have not only established a practical approach for large-scale production of universal NK cells, but also provided a platform for generating good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant iPSCs through physical dynamics, thus suggesting that the physical reprogramming will become a more promising strategy for future biotherapies.
High Prevalence of Pre-Treatment HIV Drug Resistance in Papua New Guinea: Findings from the First Nationally Representative Pre-Treatment HIV Drug Resistance Study
Authors: Gare Janet , Toto Ben , Pokeya Percy , Le Linh-Vi , Dala Nick , Lote Namarola , John Bangan , Yamba Abel , Soli Kevin , DeVos Joshua , Paulin Heather , Wagar Nick , Zheng Du-Ping , Nishijima Takeshi , Boas Peniel , Kelly-Hanku Angela , Gurung Anup 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Determining the prevalence of pre-treatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) is important to assess the effectiveness of first-line therapies. To determine PDR prevalence in Papua New Guinea (PNG), we conducted a nationally representative survey.Methods: We used a two-stage cluster sampling method to recruit HIV treatment initiators with and without prior exposure to antiretroviral therapies (ART) in selected clinics. Dried blood spots were collected and tested for PDR.Results: A total of 315 sequences were available for analysis. The overall PDR prevalence rate was 18.4%. The prevalence of PDR to non-nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) was 17.8% and of PDR to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) was 6.3%. The PDR prevalence rate among people reinitiating ART was 42.4%. Conclusions: PNG has a high PDR prevalence rate, especially to NNRTI-based first-line therapies. Our findings suggest that removing NNRTIs as part of first-line treatment is warranted and will lead to improving viral suppression rates in PNG.
Effect of Successive Gentamicin and Amikacin Therapies on Renal Function of Neonates
Authors: Singu Bonifasius Siyuka , Ndeunyema Milka Ndapandula , Ette Ene Ikpong , Pieper Clarissa Hildegard , Verbeeck Roger Karel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Gentamicin and amikacin are aminoglycoside antibiotics which are renally excreted and known to cause nephrotoxicity. Neonatal eGFR per body surface area is lower than in adults and exposure to nephrotoxic drugs could lead to more suppression in kidney function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of administering successive courses of gentamicin (first-line) and amikacin (second-line) therapy on neonatal kidney function. Data were collected from patient records of neonates receiving gentamicin (July-December 2019) and amikacin (July-December 2020) at the Neonatal Unit of Windhoek Central Hospital (Namibia). 44 neonates on gentamicin and 35 on amikacin were included in this study. Aminoglycoside dose was administered as a slow intravenous bolus and two blood samples taken for pharmacokinetic analysis. Other information collected: gestational age, postnatal age (PNA), weight, height, serum creatinine, and dosage regimen. Primary outcomes were correlation of eGFR with PNA, and the time it took to clear the drug to < 1 µg/mL; eGFR was calculated using the Schwartz method. The negative correlation between eGFR and PNA was significant (r = -0.370, p = 0.034). Therapeutic range Cmax were achieved in 27.3% gentamicin neonates (15–25 µg/mL), and 17.1% in amikacin (55–65 µg/mL). Proportion of neonates with a Cmin <1 µg/mL within the 24-hour dosage interval were 72.7% and 82.9% for gentamicin and amikacin, respectively. Conclusion: The decline in kidney function for neonates while on amikacin was significant. However, a considerably high proportion of amikacin neonates (82.9%) were able to clear the drug to < 1 µg/mL within 24 hours.
Research Issue on Green Product Design and Manufacturing of Electronic Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Bhatnagar Monika , Gupta Richa , Rao Meena , Sharma Tripti , Yadav Ajay Singh , R Bhaskaran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the industrial society, the concept of green product research is becoming prevalent in many manufacturing industries. The green technology is implemented to develop an environmentally green product that brought attention to a growing technological field as it attains sustainable growth in a market. The green process includes logistics, manufacturing, and product design to reach a high level of sustainability. The utilization of green technologies in manufacturing industries reduces the major effect of industrial outcomes on environment. The product manufactured in the electronic industries is rapidly utilized by more population. This paper deals with the research issue faced during product manufacturing in electronic industries. Initially, the issues encountered during product development are air pollution, solid waste, and water pollution. The product is enriched with the characteristic features such as an increase in efficiency, reduction in toxic content, and must be eco-friendly. The developed green product should satisfy environmental standards. Environmental Conscious Manufacturing (ECM) accountability to satisfy the government rules and regulations for product development in the manufacturing industry and also deals with the customer’s expectation. The eco-friendly product includes eco-design, recycling, clean production, low cost, and reclamation of products. The eco-design is responsible for improving the environmental outcomes and also reliable for a reduction in long-term cost. The green product design and manufacturing focus mainly on energy conservation and the development of a product with less wastage. The research on green product manufacturing is mainly to save the environment by reducing carbon foot print and to make the product in less cost. The main consequence faced during the development of the green product is destroying the environment by utilizing natural resources. Thus, in this paper, the issues faced during the green product design and manufacturing of the electronic manufacturing industry are discussed.
Histiocytic pleural effusion: The strong clue to malignancy
Authors: Chae Ganghee , Jun Jae-Bum , Jung Hwa Sik , Park Chui Yong , Kim Jin Hyoung , Kang Byung Ju , Kang Hyeon Hui , Ra Seung Won , Seo Kwang Won , Jegal Yangjin , Ahn Jong Joon , Park Sang Hyuk , Lee Taehoon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

There have been many studies on the clinical characteristics of neutrophilic, lymphocytic, and/or eosinophilic pleural effusion. While caring for patients with pleural effusion, we found that histiocytic pleural effusion (HisPE) was not uncommon. However, few studies have explored HisPE. The purpose of the present study was to determine the clinical characteristics and etiologies of HisPE.
Methods

In this retrospective study, HisPE was defined as pleural fluid white blood cells comprised of ≥ 50% histiocytes. Using a clinical data warehouse, patients with HisPE among all patients aged > 18 years who underwent thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis between January 2010 and December 2019 at Ulsan University Hospital were enrolled. A total of 295 (9.0%) of 3279 patients who underwent thoracentesis were identified as HisPE patients. Among them, 201 with exudative HisPE were included. Clinical characteristics and etiologies were extracted from medical records and analyzed.
Results

Among the 201 patients with exudative HisPE, the major causes were malignant pleural effusion (n = 102 [50.7%]), parapneumonic effusion (n = 9 [4.5%]), and tuberculous pleurisy (n = 9 [4.5%]). In the 102 patients with malignant pleural effusion, the main types of cancer were lung (n = 42 [41.2%]), breast (n = 16 [15.7%]), and stomach cancer (n = 11 [10.8%]). Among lung cancers, adenocarcinoma (n = 34 [81.0%]) was the most common histology.
Conclusions

The leading cause of exudative HisPE was malignancy, particularly lung cancer. Physicians should consider the possibility of malignant disease if histiocytes are predominantly present in pleural effusion.
Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence Analysis and Phylogenetic Location Determination of Hydropsyche Fryeri (Insecta: Trichoptera)
Authors: Li Yimin , Qin Honglin , Zhong Xifa , Huang Jingcai , Wang Yujun , Wang Hong , Lan Yu , Zheng Ruxia , Huang Xiaochan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hydropsyche fryeri belongs to the Trichopteridae family and builds nests in clean and unpolluted streams using stones. It also can be used as an indicator of water quality. Here, we describe the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Hydropsyche fryeri. The mitochondrial genome is 15,676 bp long and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs and an AT-rich control region. Phylogenetic tree analysis shows that Hydropsyche fryeri is more closely related to the family Hydroptera than other Trichoptera.
Non-elective and Revision Arthroplasty Are Independently Associated With Hip and Knee Prosthetic Joint Infection Caused by Acinetobacter Baumannii: a Brazilian Single Center Observational Cohort Study of 98 Patients
Authors: Silva Raquel Bandeira , Araujo Rodrigo Otavio , Salles Mauro José 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) has become a growing concern due to its overwhelming ability to express resistance to antibiotics and produce biofilm. Aim: This study aimed to identify independent risk factors (RFs) associated with Ab-PJI and its role in the treatment outcome. Methods: Single-center retrospective, cohort study of PJI patients diagnosed between January 2014 and July 2018. PJI diagnosis was based upon MSIS 2018 criterium. To estimate RFs associated with Ab-PJI, multivariate analyses with level of significance of p < 0.05 was performed. To evaluate treatment failure, the Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis and log-rank test was performed.Results: Overall, 98 PJI cases were assessed, including 33 with Ab-PJI and 65 with PJI due to other microorganisms (Non-Ab-PJI). Independent RFs associated with Ab-PJI were revision arthroplasty (odds ratio [OR] = 3.01; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.15–7.90, p = 0.025) and non-elective arthroplasty (OR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.01–7.01, p = 0.049). Ab-PJI was also more likely to be classified as a chronic late infection (OR = 5.81; 95% CI = 2.1–16.07, p = 0.001) than Non-Ab-PJI. Ab-PJI was not associated with treatment failure (p = 0.557). Conclusions: Late chronic infections, surgical revision, and non-elective arthroplasty are well-known predictors of PJI, but were also independently associated with Ab-PJI. High selective pressure imposed by misuse of antibiotics is likely to have played a role. Infections caused by Ab and surgical treatment with DAIR were not associated with PJI treatment failure. Trial registration: Study data supporting our results were registered at an open access virtual platform for registration of studies on humans performed in Brazil. The Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-6ft5yb/Register Number: RBR-6ft5yb
Microfluidic on-chip Production of Alginate Hydrogels Using Double Co-flow Geometry
Authors: Sattari Amirmohammad , Janfaza Sajad , Keshtiban Mohsen Mashhadi , Tasnim Nishat , Hanafizadeh Pedram , Hoorfar Mina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Microfluidic on-chip production of microgels employing external gelation has numerous biological and pharmaceutical applications, particularly for the encapsulation of delicate cargos, however, the on-chip production of microgels in microfluidic devices can be challenging due to problems such as clogging caused by accelerated progress in precursor solution viscosity. Here, we introduce a novel microfluidic design incorporating two consecutive co-flow geometries for microfluidic droplet generation. A shielding oil phase is employed to avoid emulsification and gelation stages from occurring simultaneously, thereby preventing clogging. The results revealed that the microfluidic device could generate highly monodispersed spherical droplets (coefficient of variation < 3%) with an average diameter in the range of 60–200 μm. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the device could appropriately create a shelter of the oil phase around the inner aqueous phase regardless of the droplet formation regime and flow conditions. The ability of the proposed microfluidic device in the generation of microgels was validated by producing alginate microgels utilizing an aqueous solution of calcium chloride as the continuous phase.
Fixation Stability and Deviation in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Using Soft Contact Lens Correction in Myopes
Authors: Lam Andrew Kwok-cheung , Lau Kenny Kin-hei , Wong Ho-yin , Lam Jasmine Pui-kwan , Yeung Man-for 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTo compare fixation deviation and stability with soft contact lens correction and device built-in auto-focus system during optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsThis observational study measured OCTA metrics first with contact lens correction, followed by removal of contact lenses, using the device auto-focus system at a University Optometry Clinic, Hong Kong. All participants were habitual soft contact lens wearers with either low or high myopia. OCTA measurements were obtained using a spectral domain OCTA. Fixation deviation was distance (in pixels) of the fovea to the center of the OCTA measurement grid. Fixation stability was test-retest repeatability (TRR) and coefficient of variation (CV) of fixation deviation from three consecutive OCTA measurements. OCTA metrics included vessel length density (VD), perfusion density (PD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area. Averaged OCTA metrics were calculated from three measurements and compared between the two correction methods.ResultsThe mean ± SD spherical equivalent of 74 eyes from 74 myopes measured was -1.94D ± 0.75D in low myopes (n=37) and -7.97D ± 1.31D in high myopes (n=37). When corrected with contact lenses, visual acuities of high myopes (median [IQR], -0.06 [0.08] logMAR) and low myopes (0.02 ± 0.08 logMAR) were similar (P = 0.060), and with similar fixation deviation (5.0 ± 2.2 pixels vs 5.3 [3.6] pixels; P = 0.689). High myopes had poorer fixation stability than low myopes (TRR: 10.2 pixels vs 7.5 pixels; CV: 65% vs 54%, respectively). The worst fixation stability occurred when high myopes were corrected using the auto-focus system (TRR: 12.5 pixels, CV: 72%). The difference in VD and PD was within 1mm-1 and 1%, respectively. The FAZ area was similar.Conclusions High myopes had more stable fixation when corrected when wearing contact lenses. Subjects with good contact lens corrected visual acuity should wear their contact lenses during OCTA measurements.
An Optimal Bit Allocation Scheme Based on Genetic Algorithm for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio NetworksAn Optimal Bit Allocation Scheme Based on Genetic Algorithm for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Luo Junhai , Wang Zhiyan , Tian Yuxin , Chen Yu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS), there are two ways for the secondary users (SU) to deliver their sensing data or local decisions to the information fusion center (FC): hard-decision (HD) and soft-decision (SD). In HD or SD, the number of bits transmitted by the SUs is always the same and static. However, considering the differences of different SUs in the environment, remaining energy, distances to the FC, and so on, the number of bits transmitted by different SUs should be different. Besides, the reliability of transmitted data by different SUs to the FC is also different. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimized bit allocation scheme based on the genetic algorithm (GA-BAS) for CSS in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). In the proposed scheme, the number of bits transmitted by each SU is different and would be allocated by the FC according to GA-BAS algorithm, and the FC would fuse the transmitted data by each SU with an allocated weight, which could represent the reliability of the SU. Firstly, a simple quantization scheme based on the sub-partitioning of the local decision space is designed to quantify the raw sensing data. Then, the objective function of the overall detection probability and the objective function of energy consumption about the number of allocated bits and the value of the allocated weight of each SU are derived. Finally, the number of allocated bits of each SU would be optimized by an improved genetic algorithm, and an overall decision rule would be given to obtain a global decision. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme (GA-BAS) gets a tradeoff between energy consumption and detection performance. In addition, the proposed algorithm achieves better detection performance, which is close to that of the equal gain combining scheme (EGC), but consumes less energy.
Mathematical Model of SMD of Hydrodynamic Ultrasonic Atomizing Nozzle Based on Orthogonal Design
Authors: Wu Gaogao , Wang Pengfei , Tian Chang , Liu Ronghua , Han Han 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomization nozzle has excellent atomization performance and has a wide range of applications in the field of spray dust reduction. A mathematical model the SMD of the nozzle was established to evaluate the SMD of such nozzles using the custom-designed spraying experiment platform and orthogonal design methods. The interaction between the SMD of the nozzle and the three influencing factors, i.e., air pressure, water pressure and outlet diameter were obtained. Through range analysis, the primary and secondary order of the three parameters affecting SMD of the nozzle is: air pressure > water pressure > outlet diameter. On this basis, a mathematical model was constructed using a multivariate nonlinear regression method to estimate the SMD of the nozzle. The predicted values of the SMD of the nozzle by the multivariate nonlinear regression mathematical model were basically consistent with the experimental results, with an average relative error of only about 5%. Thus the established mathematical model in this paper can be used to predict and calculate the droplet size for hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomizing nozzles.
Decreased Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability and Potentially Related Brain Regions In Arteriosclerotic Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Zhang Miaoyi , Yu Huan , Tang Weijun , Ding Ding , Tang Jie , Liu Na , Xue Yang , Ren Xue , Shi Langfeng , Fu Jianhui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background To assess heart rate variability(HRV) among patients with arteriosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) by comparing with control subjects, and to determine whether HRV parameters were related to structural alterations in brain regions involved in autonomic regulation among CSVD patients. MethodsWe consecutively recruited subjects aged between 50 and 80 years who visited the Sleep Center of Huashan Hospital from September 1, 2018 to August 31, 2019. Brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) was scanned before enrollment. 63 patients were assigned to the arteriosclerotic CSVD group and 46 to the control group. Polysomnography and synchronous analyses of HRV were performed. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify the relationship between HRV parameters and CSVD. A number of 24 CSVD patients and 21 control participants further underwent three-dimensional brain volume scan, and the voxel based morphometry (VBM) analysis was used to identify gray matter atrophy.ResultsLower standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals(SDNN, OR=0.943, 95% CI 0.903 to 0.985, P=0.009) and higher ratio of low to high frequency power (LF/HF, OR=4.372, 95% CI 1.033 to 18.508, P=0.045) during the sleep period were associated with CSVD, independent of traditional cerebrovascular risk factors and sleep disordered breathing. Based on VBM results, SDNN during the awake time (b=0.544, 95% CI 0.211 to 0.877, P=0.001) and the sleep period(b=0.532, 95% CI 0.202 to 0.862, P=0.001) were both positively related with gray matter thickness within the right inferior frontal gyrus only among CSVD patients.ConclusionsDecreased nocturnal HRV may be associated with arteriosclerotic CSVD independent of traditional cerebrovascular risk factors and sleep disordered breathing. The structural atrophy of some brain regions associated with cardiac autonomic regulation sheds light on the potential relationship.Trial registration Trial registration number: ChiCTR1800017902.Date of registration: 2018-08-20