bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standards for electric vehicle charging stations in India: A review
Authors: Kumar K Jeykishan , Kumar Sudhir , V.S Nandakumar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis review paper examines the types of electric vehicle charging station (EVCS), its charging methods, connector guns, modes of charging, and testing and certification standards, and the current status of Indian standards with respect to international standards. The paper also discusses key challenges in the standardization of EVCS worldwide and provides recommendations. It is recommended to use the combined charging system (CCS) charging methodology which will cater to the electric vehicle (EV) market in the country as well as abroad and help promote faster adoption of EVs. With many advantages with CCS charging methodology such as single connector, both AC and DC charging, high power capacity, promoted by a large number of EV manufacturers across the globe, etc., it is recommended to use CCS charging methodology. CHArge de MOve (CHAdeMO) is the only charging methodology having a vehicle to grid (V2G) functionality that can be made compatible with local grid codes which can support the grid during peak load demand using the combination of bidirectional EVCS and EV batteries acting as energy storage equipment. Finally, a comparative analysis is provided between the Indian standards and international standards from Europe, China, Japan, Germany, North America, and International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
Comparing the safety and efficacy of ruxolitinib in patients with Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System low‐, intermediate‐1‐, intermediate‐2‐, and high‐risk myelofibrosis in JUMP, a Phase 3b, expanded‐access study
Authors: Passamonti Francesco , Gupta Vikas , Martino Bruno , Foltz Lynda , Zaritskey Andrey , Al‐Ali Haifa Kathrin , Tavares Renato , Maffioli Margherita , Raanani Pia , Giraldo Pilar , Griesshammer Martin , Guglielmelli Paola , Bouard Catherine , Paley Carole , Tiwari Ranjan , Vannucchi Alessandro M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRuxolitinib, a potent Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor, has demonstrated durable improvements in patients with myelofibrosis. In this analysis of the Phase 3b JUMP study, which included patients aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of primary or secondary myelofibrosis, we assessed the safety and efficacy of ruxolitinib in patients stratified by Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System (DIPSS) risk categories. Baseline characteristic data were available to assess DIPSS status for 1844 of the 2233 enrolled patients; 60, 835, 755, and 194 in the low‐, intermediate (Int)‐1‐, Int‐2‐, and high‐risk groups, respectively. Ruxolitinib was generally well tolerated across all risk groups, with an adverse‐event (AE) profile consistent with previous reports. The most common hematologic AEs were thrombocytopenia and anemia, with highest rates of Grade ≥3 events in high‐risk patients. Approximately, 73% of patients experienced ≥50% reductions in palpable spleen length at any point in the ≤24‐month treatment period, with highest rates in lower‐risk categories (low, 82.1%; Int‐1, 79.3%; Int‐2, 67.1%; high risk, 61.6%). Median time to spleen length reduction was 5.1 weeks and was shortest in lower‐risk patients. Across measures, 40%–57% of patients showed clinically meaningful symptom improvements, which were observed from 4 weeks after treatment initiation and maintained throughout the study. Overall survival (OS) was 92% at Week 72 and 75% at Week 240 (4.6 years). Median OS was longer for Int‐2‐risk than high‐risk patients (253.6 vs. 147.3 weeks), but not evaluable in low‐/Int‐1‐risk patients. By Week 240, progression‐free survival (PFS) and leukemia‐free survival (LFS) rates were higher in lower‐risk patients (PFS: low, 90%; Int‐1, 82%; Int‐2, 46%; high risk, 15%; LFS: low, 92%; Int‐1, 86%; Int‐2, 58%; high risk, 19%). Clinical benefit was seen across risk groups, with more rapid improvements in lower risk patients. Overall, this analysis indicates that ruxolitinib benefits lower‐risk DIPSS patients in addition to higher risk.
Surface water–groundwater interactions of Xiluodu Reservoir based on the dynamic evolution of seepage, temperature, and hydrochemistry due to impoundment
Authors: Zhou Ziwen , Zhou Zhifang , Xu Haiyang , Li Mingwei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReservoir construction greatly affects the regional ecological environment, particularly surface water–groundwater interactions around the reservoir. Xiluodu Reservoir, a representative large‐scale reservoir in China, has had substantial impacts on surface water–groundwater interactions at the dam site since impoundment. This study analysed the dynamic characteristics of surface water–groundwater level, temperature, and hydrochemistry to determine the evolution of surface water–groundwater interaction before and after the impoundment. The levels of groundwater and some surface water rose by more than 100 m after impoundment and the water level of saturated limestone gradually stabilized, whereas basalt saturation in the affected area continued to expand. The groundwater temperature did not decrease significantly, whereas the hydrochemical types and ion contents of both surface water and groundwater experienced significant changes. Calculation of the saturation index indicated spatiotemporal changes in the saturation state of minerals. The replenishment source of each type of water and their mutual relationships were determined using cluster analysis and isotope characteristics. The results confirmed continuous, significant, and variable surface water–groundwater interactions at the dam site, which were partially reversed after impoundment. Changes in surface water–groundwater interactions were due to impoundment, the impact of which decreases with distance from the dam, as well as the unique geological conditions and artificial construction.
Sequential acquisition of human papillomavirus infection between genital and oral anatomic sites in males
Authors: Dickey Brittney L. , Fan Wenyi , Bettampadi Deepti , Reich Richard R. , Sirak Bradley , Abrahamsen Martha , Baggio Maria Luiza , Galan Lenice , Silva Roberto Carvalho , Salmerón Jorge , Villa Luisa L. , Lazcano‐Ponce Eduardo , Giuliano Anna R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOral human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with increasing rates of HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) in men. Sequential infection from one site to another has been demonstrated at the cervix and anus. Thus, risk of an oral HPV infection after a genital infection of the same type in the HPV infection in men study was investigated. Samples from 3140 men enrolled in a longitudinal cohort were assessed for sequential genital to oral infection with one of nine HPV types (HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58); and then also sequential, same‐type oral to genital infection. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) compared rates of oral HPV among men with and without prior genital infection of the same type. Risk of sequential HPV infections were assessed using Cox proportional hazards model. Incidence of an oral HPV infection was significantly higher among men with a prior genital infection of the same type for any of the 9 HPV types (IRR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.7‐3.0). Hazard ratio of a sequential genital to oral HPV infection was 2.3 (95% CI: 1.7‐3.1) and 3.5 (95% CI: 1.9‐6.4) for oral to genital infection. Both changed minimally after adjustment for age, country, circumcision, alcohol use, lifetime sexual partners and recent oral sex partners. HPV infections at one site could elevate risk of a subsequent genital or oral HPV infection of the same type in men, emphasizing the importance of vaccination to prevent all HPV infections.
Particle swarm optimization approach to portfolio construction
Authors: Chen Ren‐Raw , Huang Wiliam Kaihua , Yeh Shih‐Kuo 
Published: July 2021

SummaryParticle swarm optimization (PSO) is an artificial intelligence technique that can be used to find approximate solutions to extremely difficult or impossible numeric optimization problems. Recently, PSO algorithms have been widely used in solving complex financial optimization problems. This paper presents a PSO approach to solve a portfolio construction problem, since this methodology is a population‐based heuristic algorithm that is suitable for solving high‐dimensional constrained optimization problems. The computational results show that PSO algorithms have advantages in optimizing the Sortino ratio, especially in speed, when the size of the portfolio is large.
Forecast uncertainty, disagreement, and the linear pool
Authors: Knüppel Malte , Krüger Fabian 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe linear pool is the most popular method for combining density forecasts. We analyze its implications concerning forecast uncertainty, using a new framework that focuses on the means and variances of the individual and combined forecasts. Our results show that, if the variance predictions of the individual forecasts are unbiased, the well‐known “disagreement” component of the linear pool exacerbates the upward bias of its variance prediction. This finding suggests the removal of the disagreement component from the linear pool. The resulting centered linear pool outperforms the linear pool in simulations and an empirical application to inflation.
The double‐edged sword of global integration: Robustness, fragility, and contagion in the international firm network
Authors: Grant Everett , Yung Julieta 
Published: July 2021

SummaryIncreased global integration of firm, production, and financial networks has the potential to benefit growth but also amplify the transmission of crises. We test whether higher global connectedness is associated with robust (beneficial) or fragile (harmful) behavior using networks derived from firm equity returns across all industries (1991–2016). More globally connected firms are less likely to be in distress, with higher profit, revenue, and equity price growth; however, they are more exposed to direct contagion from distressed neighboring firms. Our analysis reveals the centrality of finance, increased globalization, and greater potential for crises to spread globally when they do occur.
Novel use of a midline catheter for therapeutic and donor apheresis in children and adults
Authors: Casacchia Colleen , Lozano Maria , Schomberg John , Barrows Jennifer , Salcedo Tamara , Puthenveetil Geetha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundApheresis procedures require adequate vascular access to achieve optimal inlet flow rates. While central lines provide such access, their placement and use are associated with risks; some of these risks are minimized if peripheral intravenous access can be established. However, peripheral intravenous access is associated with challenges in the pediatric setting. Research indicates that midline catheters reduce the use of CVADs and their associated risks. The use of midline catheters for apheresis has been reported recently in adults, but no studies have been published on their use in children. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of midline catheters for apheresis in the pediatric setting.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of midline catheters in subjects who underwent apheresis at a pediatric hospital from April 2018 to August 2020. Demographic data, clinical data (diagnosis, procedure, catheter size, body mass), and outcome data (inlet flow rate, total blood volume [TBV] processed, procedure time, and cell counts) were collected.ResultsEighteen subjects received a total of 100 midline catheters for 73 apheresis procedures. Inlet flow rates ranged from 45 to 80 mL/min, TBV ranged from 2872 to 20 000 mL, and procedure time ranged from 1.25 to 7 hours. Inlet flow rates met or exceeded the recommended inlet flow rates for apheresis in children and adults (P < .0001). No adverse events occurred.ConclusionMidline catheters provide safe and effective vascular access for apheresis. Future research should include younger patients with lower body mass.
Matrisome, innervation and oxidative metabolism affected in older compared with younger males with similar physical activity
Authors: Lagerwaard Bart , Nieuwenhuizen Arie G. , Bunschoten Annelies , de Boer Vincent C.J. , Keijer Jaap 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to the interaction between skeletal muscle ageing and lifestyle factors, it is often challenging to attribute the decline in muscle mass and quality to either changes in lifestyle or to advancing age itself. Because many of the physiological factors affecting muscle mass and quality are modulated by physical activity and physical activity declines with age, the aim of this study is to better understand the effects of early ageing on muscle function by comparing a population of healthy older and young males with similar physical activity patterns.MethodsEighteen older (69 ± 2.0 years) and 20 young (22 ± 2.0 years) males were recruited based on similar self‐reported physical activity, which was verified using accelerometry measurements. Gene expression profiles ofvastus lateralisbiopsies obtained by RNA sequencing were compared, and key results were validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot.ResultsTotal physical activity energy expenditure was similar between the young and old group (404 ± 215 vs. 411 ± 189 kcal/day,P = 0.11). Three thousand seven hundred ninety‐seven differentially expressed coding genes (DEGs) were identified (adjustedP‐value cut‐off of <0.05), of which 1891 were higher and 1906 were lower expressed in the older muscle. The matrisome, innervation and inflammation were the main upregulated processes, and oxidative metabolism was the main downregulated process in old compared with young muscle. Lower protein levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM,P = 0.030) and mitochondrial respiratory Complexes IV and II (P = 0.011 andP = 0.0009, respectively) were observed, whereas a trend was observed for Complex I (P = 0.062), in older compared with young muscle. Protein expression of Complexes I and IV was significantly correlated to mitochondrial capacity in thevastus lateralisas measuredin vivo(P = 0.017,R2 = 0.42 andP = 0.030,R2 = 0.36). A trend for higher muscle‐specific receptor kinase (MUSK) protein levels in the older group was observed (P = 0.08).ConclusionsThere are clear differences in the transcriptome signatures of thevastus lateralismuscle of healthy older and young males with similar physical activity levels, including significant differences at the protein level. By disentangling physical activity and ageing, we appoint early skeletal muscle ageing processes that occur despite similar physical activity. Improved understanding of these processes will be key to design targeted anti‐ageing therapies.
Sperm motility analysis of Cobitis hankugensis, Iksookimia longicorpa (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) and their unisexual natural hybrids
Authors: Yun Seung Woon , Kim Hyun Tae , Park Jong Young 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHybrid sterility is an inevitable phenomenon in the speciation process to avoid indiscriminate increases in species, but it is not always unconditional. We used computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) to analyze sperm motility of Cobitis hankugensis, Iksookimia longicorpa, and their unisexual natural hybrids. In parental species, the sperm concentrations of C. hankugensis and I. longicorpa were 11.6 ± 4.8 × 109 and 16.5 ± 6.8 × 109, respectively. For sperm motility, the total motility was higher in the parental species (C. hankugensis, 91.3%; I. longicorpa, 87.5%) than other hybrids. After 1 min, the motility duration was reduced to 14% in C. hankugensis and 3.3% in I. longicorpa. This result could indicate that the duration of sperm motility of C. hankugensis is longer than that of I. longicorpa up to 1 min after spermatozoa activation. All of the hybrids had a low concentration and it was distinct from their parent species. Total motility and other velocity parameters also showed significantly lower values except for the HHL (one from the C. hankugensis genome with two from the I. longicorpa genome) type motility measurement (13.6%). These results suggest that the hybrids derived from C. hankugensis and I. longicorpa, are not completely infertile, contrary to histological observations.
Interest in and uptake of genetic counseling for preconception carrier screening when offered to predominantly white reproductive‐age persons seeking gynecologic care at a single U.S. academic medical center
Authors: Nesbit Carleigh B. , Pollack Catherine C. , Mascia Nicolina S. , LaCroix Valerie H. , Applebee Devin M. , Bosco Amy W. , Wilkinson‐Ryan Ivy , Erekson Elisabeth D. , Evans Rebecca H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the level of interest in preconception carrier screening among reproductive‐aged persons presenting for gynecologic care and to identify demographic factors predictive of pursuing screening. Patients aged 18–40 who were presenting for gynecologic care at a single U.S. academic medical center were provided with information about current options for preconception carrier screening and were offered genetic counseling referral with the possibility to undergo screening. Outcomes of interest were desire for genetic counseling referral and attendance at genetic counseling visit. Statistical analyses were performed as appropriate using R version 3.6.1 with variables significant at 0.1 included in a multivariable logistic regression. Of 193 participants, 79 (41%) desired genetic counseling referral. Participants aged 25–34 (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.47–8.10) and nulliparas (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.23–6.03) were more likely to desire referral. Thirty‐five participants (44.3% of those who desired referral) attended a visit with genetic counseling. Having an advanced degree (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.06–10.4) was associated with visit attendance. Thirteen participants underwent screening, and five were found to be a carrier of at least one X‐linked or autosomal recessive condition. Surprisingly, presenting for a gynecologic visit directly related to planning a pregnancy was not associated with increased interest in preconception carrier screening. Nulliparas and those aged 25–34 likely expressed greater interest in referral due to high potential for future childbearing in these groups. The increased level of visit attendance in participants with advanced degrees is likely confounded by the high level of health literacy and financial resources in this group.
Reflections of parents of children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome on the experience of receiving psychiatric genetic counseling: ‘Awareness to Act’
Authors: Carrion Prescilla , Semaka Alicia , Batallones Rolan , Slomp Caitlin , Morris Emily , Inglis Angela , Moretti Marlene , Austin Jehannine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIndividuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS) have a 25%–41% risk for a psychotic disorder. Although early intervention for psychiatric conditions leads to the best long‐term outcomes, healthcare providers often provide inadequate information about these issues and psychiatric services are underused by this population. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with parents of children with 22qDS a month after they received psychiatric genetic counseling (pGC), to evaluate outcomes and perceived value of pGC with respect to parents’ needs. Using grounded theory, we generated a theoretical framework of the process of building parental awareness of psychiatric risks associated with 22qDS and protective and management strategies for mental health (MH). Parents described how after their child's diagnosis with 22qDS, a variety of barriers stalled their building awareness of psychiatric risk and protective/management strategies: dealing with the immediate symptoms of 22qDS; child's young age; parental fear and stigma; and missing MH guidance. These barriers led them to carry the burden of worrying over missing emerging psychiatric symptoms and the stress over advocating for their child's MH. Parents indicated pGC was beneficial in that led them to achieve an ‘awareness to act,’ feeling confident in being alert and equipped to protect and/or manage their child's MH.
Concentration of Gallbladder Phosphatidylcholine in Cholangiopathies: A Phosphorus‐31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Pilot Study
Authors: Pfleger Lorenz , Halilbasic Emina , Gajdošík Martin , Benčíková Diana , Chmelík Marek , Scherer Thomas , Trattnig Siegfried , Krebs Michael , Trauner Michael , Krššák Martin 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundBiliary phosphatidylcholine (PtdC) concentration plays a role in the pathogenesis of bile duct diseases. In vivo phosphorus‐31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P‐MRS) at 7 T offers the possibility to assess this concentration noninvasively with high spectral resolution and signal intensity.PurposeComparison of PtdC levels of cholangiopathic patient groups to a control group using a measured T1 relaxation time of PtdC in healthy subjects.Study TypeCase control.SubjectsTwo patient groups with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC, 2f/3 m; age: 43 ± 7 years) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, 4f/2 m; age: 57 ± 6 years), and a healthy control group (CON, 2f/3 m; age: 38 ± 7 years). Ten healthy subjects for the assessment of the T1 relaxation time of PtdC.Field Strength/SequenceA 3D phase‐encoded pulse‐acquire 31P‐MRSI sequence for PtdC quantification and a 1D image‐selected in vivo 31P spectroscopy for T1 estimation at 7 T, and a T2‐weighted half‐Fourier single‐shot turbo spin echo MRI sequence for volumetry at 3 T.AssessmentCalculation of gallbladder volumes and PtdC concentration in groups using hepatic gamma‐adenosine triphosphate signal as an internal reference and correction for insufficient relaxation of PtdC with a T1 value assessed in healthy subjects.Statistical TestsGroup comparison of PtdC content and gallbladder volumes of the PSC/PBC and CON group using Student's t‐tests with a significance level of 5%.ResultsPtdC T1 value of 357 ± 85 msec in the gallbladder. Significant lower PtdC content for the PSC group, and for the female subgroup of the PBC group compared to the CON group (PSC/CON: 5.74 ± 0.73 mM vs. 9.64 ± 0.97 mM, PBC(f)/CON: 5.77 ± 1.44 mM vs. 9.64 ± 0.97 mM). Significant higher gallbladder volumes of the patient groups compared to the CON group (PSC/CON: 66.3 ± 15.8 mL vs. 20.9 ± 2.2 mL, PBC/CON: 49.8 ± 18.2 mL vs. 20.9 ± 2.2 mL).Data ConclusionThis study demonstrated the application of a 31P‐MRSI protocol for the quantification of PtdC in the human gallbladder at 7 T. Observed differences in PtdC concentration suggest that this metabolite could serve as a biomarker for specific hepatobiliary disorders.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage3