bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin, Influence, and Countermeasures of Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lei Yutian , Xu Youkui , Wang Meng , Zhu Ge , Jin Zhiwen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDefects are considered to be one of the most significant factors that compromise the power conversion efficiencies and long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells. Therefore, it is urgent to have a profound understanding of their formation and influence mechanism, so as to take corresponding measures to suppress or even completely eliminate their adverse effects on device performance. Herein, the possible origins of the defects in metal halide perovskite films and their impacts on the device performance are analyzed, and then various methods to reduce defect density are introduced in detail. Starting from the internal and interfacial aspects of the metal halide perovskite films, several ways to improve device performance and long‐term stability including additive engineering, surface passivation, and other physical treatments (annealing engineering), etc., are further elaborated. Finally, the further understanding of defects and the development trend of passivation strategies are prospected.
Synergistic Combination of Bioactive Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and the Chemotherapeutic Doxorubicin to Overcome Tumor Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Dong Xiulin , Sun Yi , Li Yuanyuan , Ma Xiaoyu , Zhang Shuiquan , Yuan Yuan , Kohn Joachim , Liu Changsheng , Qian Jiangchao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the biggest obstacles in cancer chemotherapy. Here, a remarkable reversal of MDR in breast cancer through the synergistic effects of bioactive hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAPNs) and doxorubicin (DOX) is shown. DOX loaded HAPNs (DHAPNs) exhibit a 150‐fold reduction in IC50compared with free DOX for human MDR breast cancer MCF‐7/ADR cells, and lead to almost complete inhibition of tumor growth in vivo without obvious side effects of free DOX. This high efficacy and specificity could be attributed to multiple action mechanisms of HAPNs. In addition to acting as the conventional nanocarriers to facilitate the cellular uptake and retention of DOX in MCF‐7/ADR cells, more importantly, drug‐free HAPNs themselves are able to prevent drug being pumped out of MDR cells through targeting mitochondria to induce mitochondrial damage and inhibit ATP production and to trigger sustained mitochondrial calcium overload and apoptosis in MDR cancer cells while not affecting normal cells. The results demonstrate that this simple but versatile bioactive nanoparticle provides a practical approach to effectively overcome MDR.
Role of Intermolecular Interactions in the Catalytic Reaction of Formic Acid on Cu(111)
Authors: Shiotari Akitoshi , Putra Septia Eka Marsha , Shiozawa Yuichiro , Hamamoto Yuji , Inagaki Kouji , Morikawa Yoshitada , Sugimoto Yoshiaki , Yoshinobu Jun , Hamada Ikutaro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFormic acid (HCOOH) can be catalytically decomposed into H2 and CO2 and is a promising hydrogen storage material. As H2 production catalysts, Cu surfaces allow selective HCOOH decarboxylation; however, the on‐surface HCOOH decomposition reaction pathway remains controversial. In this study, the temperature dependence of the HCOOH/Cu(111) adsorption structures is elucidated by scanning tunneling microscopy and non‐contact atomic force microscopy, establishing the adsorbate chemical species using density functional theory. 2D HCOOH islands at 80 K, linear chains of HCOOH and monodentate formate at 150 K, chain‐like assemblies of monodentate and bidentate formate at 200 K, and bidentate formate clusters at 300 K are observed. At each temperature, the adsorbates experience attractive interactions among themselves. Such aggregation stabilizes them against desorption and decomposition. Thus, accurate evaluation of intermolecular interactions is essential to understand catalytic reactivity.
Plan switching among Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias
Authors: Meyers David J. , Rahman Momotazur , Rivera‐Hernandez Maricruz , Trivedi Amal N. , Mor Vincent 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionPatients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) face substantial challenges in selecting, and remaining enrolled in, health insurance. Little is known about how patients with ADRD experience the Medicare Advantage (MA) program.MethodsWe used, hospital, outpatient, and post‐acute care data to identify MA beneficiaries with and without ADRD in 2014. Multinomial logit models estimated the percentage of people who disenrolled to traditional Medicare (TM) or switched to a different MA plan in 2015.ResultsAmong non‐dually eligible beneficiaries, 9.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.0, 9.1) with ADRD disenrolled while 19.7% (95% CI: 19.6, 19.9) switched plans within MA compared to a disenrollment rate of 4.2% (95% CI: 4.2, 4.2) and switching rate of 22.8% (95% CI: 22.9, 22.8) for persons without ADRD.DiscussionMA enrollees with ADRD tend to disenroll at substantially higher rates than those without ADRD. This may be indicative of their care needs not being met in the program.
Telling their own stories: Encouraging veterinary students to ethically reflect
Authors: Hobson‐West Pru , Millar Kate 
Published: March 2021

Background: Veterinary practice raises complex and unique professional ethical dilemmas. There is increasing discussion of how best to deliver ethics education to veterinary students, so that they are fully prepared to address ethical conflicts in professional practice. This paper proposes the use of innovative methods to allow students to share and reflect on their own experiences of ethical dilemmas.Methods: Two innovations are described. The first is formal and compulsory, and involves a small‐group facilitated session for final year students, wholly designed around student dilemmas. The second is informal and voluntary, and constitutes a short‐story writing competition.Results: The methods described are conducive to student engagement in ethics and ethical reflection.Conclusion: Veterinary schools should consider adopting student‐led techniques, deliberately designed to allow students to tell their own stories. Similar methods could also be adapted for use in clinical practice, thereby creating opportunities for professional dialogue on ethical dilemmas.
Evaluation of the efficacy of enrofloxacin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following experimental challenge with Yersinia ruckeri
Authors: Rostang Antoine , Peroz Carole , Fournel Catherine , Thorin Chantal , Calvez Ségolène 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground: Use of enrofloxacin in trout farms is reported, especially for the treatment of yersiniosis, albeit various dosing regimens have been used. Therefore, optimal doses should be investigated.Methods: Five groups of 15 fish were challenged with Y. ruckeri. Two days later, three groups received feed containing enrofloxacin (ENR) at 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg fish respectively, during 7 days; one group received a single intraperitoneal injection of ENR at 10 mg/kg; and one group was left untreated. On day 15, surviving fish were euthanized.Results: All fish survived in the group treated by injection, compared to 53%, 60% and 40% of the fish treated with 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg oral ENR, respectively, and 53% in the infected untreated group.Conclusion: A single intraperitoneal injection of ENR at 10 mg/kg seems more relevant than repeated oral administrations. The ENR oral doses used in trout farms should be revised.
What have we learned from 7 years of equine rhinitis B virus qPCR testing in nasal secretions from horses with respiratory signs
Authors: Bernardino Pedro , James Kaitlyn , Barnum Samantha , Corbin Rachel , Wademan Cara , Pusterla Nicola 
Published: March 2021

Background:Equine rhinitis B virus (ERBV) has been given little attention by practitioners compared to other respiratory viruses, mainly because of the lack of diagnostic modalities and association with clinical disease. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of detection of ERBV in nasal secretions from 6568 horses with acute onset of respiratory signs.Methods:ERBV‐positive qPCR results from nasal secretions submitted to a molecular diagnostic laboratory from 2013 to 2019 were reviewed.Results:A total of 333 ERBV qPCR‐positive samples (5.1%) were detected with increasing yearly frequency since the introduction of the assay in 2013. In comparison, only three of 356 (0.8%) healthy horses tested qPCR‐positive for ERBV. Median age for ERBV qPCR‐positive horses was 3 years of age, and fever, coughing and nasal discharge were the most common signs reported. Further, co‐infections with other respiratory pathogens were reported in 73 (21.9%) of ERBV qPCR‐positive samples.Conclusion:ERBV is a commonly detected respiratory virus from nasal secretions of young horses presenting with fever, nasal discharge and coughing.
Wormholes and holographic decoherence
Authors: Anegawa Takanori , Iizuka Norihiro , Tamaoka Kotaro , Ugajin Tomonori 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study a class of decoherence process which admits a 3 dimensional holographic bulk. Starting from a thermo-field double dual to a wormhole, we prepare another thermo-field double which plays the role of environment. By allowing the energy flow between the original and environment thermo-field double, the entanglement of the original thermo-field double eventually decoheres. We model this decoherence by four-boundary wormhole geometries, and study the time-evolution of the moduli parameters to see the change of the entanglement pattern among subsystems. A notable feature of this holographic decoherence processes is that at the end point of the processes, the correlations of the original thermo-field double are lost completely both classically and also quantum mechanically. We also discuss distinguishability between thermo-field double state and thermo mixed double state, which contains only classical correlations, and construct a code subspace toy model for that.
Relativistic non-resistive viscous magnetohydrodynamics from the kinetic theory: a relaxation time approach
Authors: Panda Ankit Kumar , Dash Ashutosh , Biswas Rajesh , Roy Victor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe derive the relativistic non-resistive, viscous second-order magnetohydrodynamic equations for the dissipative quantities using the relaxation time approximation. The Boltzmann equation is solved for a system of particles and antiparticles using Chapman-Enskog like gradient expansion of the single-particle distribution function truncated at second order. In the first order, the transport coefficients are independent of the magnetic field. In the second-order, new transport coefficients that couple magnetic field and the dissipative quantities appear which are different from those obtained in the 14-moment approximation [1] in the presence of a magnetic field. However, in the limit of the weak magnetic field, the form of these equations are identical to the 14-moment approximation albeit with different values of these coefficients. We also derive the anisotropic transport coefficients in the Navier-Stokes limit.
Unruh-DeWitt detector responses for complex scalar fields in de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Ali Md Sabir , Bhattacharya Sourav , Lochan Kinjalk 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We derive the response function for a comoving, pointlike Unruh-DeWitt particle detector coupled to a complex scalar field ϕ, in the (3 + 1)-dimensional cosmological de Sitter spacetime. The field-detector coupling is taken to be proportional to ϕ†ϕ. We address both conformally invariant and massless minimally coupled scalar field theories, respectively in the conformal and the Bunch-Davies vacuum. The response function integral for the massless minimal complex scalar, not surprisingly, shows divergences and accordingly we use suitable regularisation scheme to find out well behaved results. The regularised result also contains a de Sitter symmetry breaking logarithm, growing with the cosmological time. Possibility of extension of these results with the so called de Sitter α-vacua is discussed. While we find no apparent problem in computing the response function for a real scalar in these vacua, a complex scalar field is shown to contain some possible ambiguities in the detector response. The case of the minimal and nearly massless scalar field theory is also briefly discussed.
Bundle geometry of the connection space, covariant Hamiltonian formalism, the problem of boundaries in gauge theories, and the dressing field method
Authors: François J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We take advantage of the principal bundle geometry of the space of connections to obtain general results on the presymplectic structure of two classes of (pure) gauge theories: invariant theories, and non-invariant theories satisfying two restricting hypothesis. In particular, we derive the general field-dependent gauge transformations of the presymplectic potential and presymplectic 2-form in both cases. We point-out that a generalisation of the standard bundle geometry, called twisted geometry, arises naturally in the study of non-invariant gauge theories (e.g. non-Abelian Chern-Simons theory). These results prove that the well-known problem of associating a symplectic structure to a gauge theory over bounded regions is a generic feature of both classes. The edge modes strategy, recently introduced to address this issue, has been actively developed in various contexts by several authors. We draw attention to the dressing field method as the geometric framework underpinning, or rather encompassing, this strategy. The geometric insight afforded by the method both clarifies it and clearly delineates its potential shortcomings as well as its conditions of success. Applying our general framework to various examples allows to straightforwardly recover several results of the recent literature on edge modes and on the presymplectic structure of general relativity.
Global existence of solutions and smoothing effects for classes of reaction–diffusion equations on manifolds
Authors: Grillo Gabriele , Meglioli Giulia , Punzo Fabio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider the porous medium equation with a power-like reaction term, posed on Riemannian manifolds. Under certain assumptions on p and m in (1.1), and for small enough nonnegative initial data, we prove existence of global in time solutions, provided that the Sobolev inequality holds on the manifold. Furthermore, when both the Sobolev and the Poincaré inequalities hold, similar results hold under weaker assumptions on the forcing term. By the same functional analytic methods, we investigate global existence for solutions to the porous medium equation with source term and variable density in $${{\mathbb {R}}}^n$$

R

n

.
Gewinnung von Echtzeitdaten aus der medizinischen Versorgung zur Handlungssteuerung in Public Health
Authors: Grabenhenrich, MPH Linus , Schranz Madlen , Boender Sonia , Kocher Theresa , Esins Janina , Fischer Martina 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungEchtzeitdaten aus der medizinischen Versorgung spielen für die Handlungsteuerung in Public Health eine entscheidende Rolle. Dies zeigt die COVID-19-Pandemie besonders deutlich: Viele Public-Health-Akteure sind auf die aktuellen Daten aus dem klinischen und Versorgungsgeschehen angewiesen, um wichtige Entscheidungen treffen und Empfehlungen geben zu können. Die Automatisierung der Verarbeitungs- und Kommunikationsprozesse ist essenziell, damit eine Kontinuität des Datenflusses gewährleistet wird und Ressourcen geschont werden. Bisher standen der Entwicklung digital automatisierter Echtzeitsysteme mit wissenschaftlichem Qualitätsanspruch verschiedene technische, fachliche und organisatorische Herausforderungen im Weg. Die COVID-19-Pandemie dient seit ihrem Beginn Anfang 2020 als Motor für zukunftsfähige Systementwicklungen.In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst beschrieben, wie ein Echtzeitdatensystem aufgebaut sein muss, damit eine automatisierte Datenverarbeitung möglich ist. Wichtige Aspekte bei der Zusammenführung der Daten, ihrer Aufbereitung, Bereitstellung und Kommunikation werden dargestellt. Als Beispiel dient ein System, das Routinedaten aus Notaufnahmen in Echtzeit verarbeitet und diese Public-Health-Akteuren bereitstellt. Es setzt sich zusammen aus dem Notaufnahmeregister des Aktionsbündnisses für Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie in Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin (AKTIN) der Universität Magdeburg und der RWTH Aachen und dem Surveillance Monitor (SUMO) des Robert Koch-Instituts.Die Entwicklung zukunftsfähiger Echtzeitsysteme zur Verarbeitung von Forschungsdaten aus der medizinischen Versorgung kann nur durch die Zusammenarbeit verschiedenster Akteure gelingen. Eine wichtige Grundlage für den langfristigen Erfolg ist die Entwicklung eines gesetzlichen Rahmens.
Commutative semigroups whose endomorphisms are power functions
Authors: Mazurek Ryszard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor any commutative semigroup S and positive integer m the power function $$f: S \rightarrow S$$

f
:
S
→
S

defined by $$f(x) = x^m$$

f

(
x
)

=

x
m

is an endomorphism of S. We partly solve the Lesokhin–Oman problem of characterizing the commutative semigroups whose all endomorphisms are power functions. Namely, we prove that every endomorphism of a commutative monoid S is a power function if and only if S is a finite cyclic group, and that every endomorphism of a commutative ACCP-semigroup S with an idempotent is a power function if and only if S is a finite cyclic semigroup. Furthermore, we prove that every endomorphism of a nontrivial commutative atomic monoid S with 0, preserving 0 and 1, is a power function if and only if either S is a finite cyclic group with zero adjoined or S is a cyclic nilsemigroup with identity adjoined. We also prove that every endomorphism of a 2-generated commutative semigroup S without idempotents is a power function if and only if S is a subsemigroup of the infinite cyclic semigroup.
Perceptions of homeopathy in supportive cancer care among oncologists and general practitioners in France
Authors: Bagot J. L. , Theunissen I. , Serral A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives
In France, homeopathy is the most frequently used complementary therapy in supportive care in oncology (SCO); its use is steadily increasing. However, data is limited about the perception and relevance of homeopathy by oncologists and general practitioners (GPs) both with and without homeopathic training (HGPs and NHGPs, respectively). Our aim was to evaluate French physicians’ perceptions of homeopathy to clarify its place in SCO through two original observation survey-based studies.

Materials and methods
Two cross-sectional surveys of French physicians were conducted involving (1) 150 specialist oncologists; (2) 97 HGPs and 100 NHGPs. Questions evaluated physician attitudes to homeopathy and patterns of use of homeopathic therapies in patients requiring SCO. Survey responses were described and analyzed on the basis of physician status.

Results
Ten percent of oncologists stated they prescribe homeopathy; 36% recommend it; 54% think that homeopathy is potentially helpful in SCO. Two-thirds of the NHGPs sometimes prescribe homeopathy in the context of SCO and 58% regularly refer their patients to homeopathic doctors. HGPs have a positive perception of homeopathy in SCO.

Conclusions
Homeopathy is viewed favorably as an integrated SCO therapy by the majority of French physicians involved with cancer patients—oncologists and GPs. Symptoms of particular relevance include fatigue, anxiety, peripheral neuropathy, sleep disturbance, and hot flashes. In such clinical situations, response to conventional therapies may be suboptimal and homeopathy is considered a reliable therapeutic option. These two studies highlight the fact that homeopathy has gained legitimacy as the first complementary therapy in SCO in France.
Restorative Parenting: Delivering Trauma-Informed Residential Care for Children in Care
Authors: Parry S. L. , Williams T. , Burbidge C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
There are 78,150 children in care in England and 12% live in group residential settings. Little empirical research informs our understanding of how these vulnerable children heal from multi-type trauma in residential homes. Evidence-based multisystemic trauma-informed models of care are needed for good quality consistent care.

Objective
Using a novel multisystemic trauma-informed model of care with an embedded developmental monitoring index, the Restorative Parenting Recovery Programme, pilot data was collected from young people and care staff from four residential homes over a two-year period. Five key developmental areas of children’s recovery were investigated through monthly monitoring data. Staff were also interviewed to explore their experiences of delivering the intervention to contextualise the findings.

Methods
Data was gathered from 26 children, aged 6–14 years, over a two-year period. Their developmental wellbeing was measured using the Restorative Parenting Recovery Index and analysed through a comparison of means. To add further context to this preliminary analysis, qualitative interviews were undertaken with 12 Therapeutic Parents to explore their perceptions of how the Restorative Parenting Recovery Programme influenced the children’s development.

Results
Young people showed significant improvements on indices relating to relationships (p = 0.002, d=0.844). Significant changes are observed during the first half of the programme in self-perception (p = 0.006, d = 0.871) and self-care (p = 0.018, d = 0.484), although limited progress around self-awareness and management of impulses and emotions.

Conclusions
This novel integrative approach to re-parenting and embedded measurement system to track the children’s progress is the first of its kind and has originated from extensive multisystemic clinical practice.
Digitalisation in early childhood education: a domestication theoretical perspective on teachers’ experiences
Authors: Lindeman Sofie , Svensson Maria , Enochsson Ann-Britt 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to increase knowledge of teachers’ understanding and experiences of using, or not using, digital tools in Early Childhood Education (ECE). The study takes a domestication theoretical approach based on interviews with twelve teachers from nine ECE institutions working with play-based learning with children aged 1–5 years from four different municipalities in Sweden. The study answers the following two research questions: In what ways, and to what extent, do teachers integrate digital tools in their work? What practical, symbolic or cognitive aspects affect their work with digital tools? The teachers have integrated the digital tools to different extent. The most useful tools for working with the children are tablets and beamers, which are devices that can be used in various ways. Digital tools used for administration are domesticated to a greater extent than the tools teachers use with the children. The study further shows that important factors in the successful domestication of digital tools in ECE include digital competence, including pedagogical aspects, in combination with personal drive and professional learning and development.