bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical Imiquimod Does Not Provide an Adjuvant Effect When Administered With Inactivated Influenza A/H5N1 Vaccine in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: El Sahly Hana M , Atmar Robert L , Sendra Eli , Wegel Ashley , Keitel Wendy A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSafe, effective, and easy to deploy adjuvants are needed for influenza prepandemic preparedness. Based on recent reports, we hypothesized that preapplication of topical imiquimod followed by intradermal (ID) vaccination with monovalent inactivated influenza A/H5N1 vaccine (MIV A/H5N1) results in improved serologic responses.MethodsWe randomized 50 healthy adults in a 1:1 ratio to receive topical imiquimod (group 1) or control cream (group 2) followed by ID injection of 9 µg of the hemagglutinin MIV A/H5N1 in 2 doses, 21 days apart. Subjects were followed for safety and serologic responses as measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and microneutralization (MN) assays.ResultsSolicited and unsolicited adverse events were comparable between groups 1 and 2, and were mostly mild to moderate in severity. At 21 days after dose 2, the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of HAI antibodies against the vaccine strain were 16.2 and 24.3 in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The MN antibody GMTs were 9.3 and 10.7 in groups 1 and 2, respectively. There were no significant differences in antibody levels between groups at study time points.ConclusionsTopical imiquimod administration combined with ID MIV A/H5N1 was safe but did not result in improved serologic responses to the vaccine.Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03472976.
Exhumation of a Methamphetamine Body Packer: Pitfalls of Hair Result Interpretation
Authors: Hakim Florian , Nassibou Shanti , Gish Alexandr , Lima Benjamin , Wiart Jean-François , Richeval Camille , Outreville Jonathan , Quétard Véronique , Allorge Delphine , Gaulier Jean-Michel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Carrying out toxicological investigations in biological samples (e.g., hair) collected from extensively decomposed bodies and interpretation of subsequently obtained results is challenging, even more in some particular circumstances of death. In order to illustrate these pitfalls, we report the case of the exhumation of a methamphetamine (MA) body packer. Autopsy examination of a 41-year-old man, 1 year after his burial, revealed the presence of 44 green pellets (7 out of 44 were torn) along all the gastrointestinal tracts. A 6 cm long dark hair strand and pellets were sampled for toxicological analyses. Large toxicological screenings were applied to hair and pellets using both LC–MS-MS and LC--HRMS. Intact pellets contained around 10 g of MA with a purity ranging from 29 to 35%. Positive hair results were amiodarone (4.12 ng/mg), desethylamiodarone (5.29 ng/mg) and MA (7.63 ng/mg). MA pellets in gastrointestinal tract were consistent with the autopsy conclusion, i.e., fatal intoxication due to in corpore pellet rupture in a body packer (the victim was initially deemed to have died from heart failure). In the absence of available data in the literature, amiodarone and metabolite presence in hair could putatively be the consequence of a chronic treatment. MA hair concentration was similar to those observed in regular consumers. However, interpreting this hair result is challenging due to (i) the possibility of contamination by sweat at the time of death, and (ii) the probable contamination by putrefaction fluids. This latter hypothesis (artifactual contamination during the postmortem postmortem) is highly supported by high concentration of MA in decontamination bath, and even more by the absence of the major MA metabolite (amphetamine) in hair. As a conclusion, in this particular situation, the hair analysis result (presence of MA and concomitant absence of amphetamine) is in agreement with the previously established cause of death.
Good Relations: Kinship Care in Liverpool, UK and the Views of Professionals on Human Rights
Authors: Daly Aoife 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Human rights are little understood and often demonized in the UK. It is of particular importance to advocate for a greater understanding of how human rights are perceived at local level, and how these understandings can inform the national and global level. Kinship care involves families or friends taking on the care of the child of another, usually in emergency circumstances such as parental death or addiction. This group are far more likely than average to live in poverty, and yet are often ignored by the state. Human rights can frame their issue as one involving legitimate claims for greater support. In the specific Liverpool context, professionals working with kinship care families were asked about the relevance of human rights to kinship care. The results indicate that professionals see human rights as relevant, though there is confusion over what rights might entail, and over how actors might access them. Human rights are understood in a markedly ‘light’ way, whereby the rhetoric is used but in reality attention to rights is limited. This article argues that, to achieve a more authentic reliance on human rights, rights holders’ concerns must set the agenda for future norm development, and therefore multidirectional dialogue must be had about how to do this.
Chylous ascites as a sequelae of primary small bowel volvulus in a virgin abdomen
Authors: Leaning Matthew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chylous ascites (CA) results in a thick white ascitic fluid, akin to milk. It is most commonly caused by malignancy and cirrhosis in adults. Here we present only the second reported case of primary small bowel volvulus resulting in CA in the virgin abdomen. The patient presented with acute onset, severe abdominal pain. She underwent an urgent laparotomy where a large volume of CA was drained. The bowel and its mesentery were congested with chyle and stained white. Following detorsion the bowel returned to normal, and the patient recovered well. Here we review the radiological findings and aetiology of CA, due to small bowel volvulus. This case highlights the importance of timely surgical intervention in patients with volvulus to prevent irreversible bowel ischaemia and if untreated, perforation.
Combining urine antigen and blood polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in hospitalized patients with advanced HIV disease
Authors: Vidal José E , Werlang Paula Custodio , Muniz Bruno M , Rego Caroline Martins , Barbalho Renata Elisie , Baptista André Miranda , Telles Joao Paulo , da Cruz Allecineia Bispo , Pereira Ingrid de Siqueira , Gava Ricardo , Marcusso Rosa , Pasqualotto Alessandro C , Pereira-Chioccola Vera Lucia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) is endemic in Latin America and the Caribbean where diagnostic tools are restricted. We carried-out a 1-year prospective cohort study at a referral hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Participants had &gt; or =18 years old, were hospitalized due to any indication and had CD4+ &lt; 200 cells/µl. A urine commercial monoclonal Histoplasma galactomannan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IMMY, Norman, OK, USA) and ‘in house’ Histoplasma blood nested PCR were performed in all cases. Probable/proven DH cases were defined according to international guidelines. Conventional mycological methods were available in routine conditions to investigate suspected DH cases. Treatment of participants followed the institutional routine. One-hundred six participants were included. Median age (interquartile range [IQR]) was 39.5 years (30.0–47.3) and 80 individuals (75.5%) were males. Median (IQR) CD4 cell count was 26.5 (9.4–89.3) cells/mm3. DH was diagnosed in 8/106 patients (7.5%). Antigen assay and/or PCR were positive in 4.7% (5/106) of patients. The antigen assay and/or PCR identified 37.5% (3/8) of DH cases, which had not been diagnosed with conventional mycological methods, but had clinical manifestations compatible with HD. In conclusion, the use of Histoplasma urine antigen and Histoplasma blood PCR guided by CD4 status contributed to the diagnosis of DH in hospitalized individuals. These assays were complementary to conventional mycologic methods and are urgently needed in our setting.

Lay Summary
In this prospective cohort study carried-out in a referral center in São Paulo, Brazil, we found a high frequency of AIDS-related disseminated histoplasmosis (8/106, 7.5%). We used urine antigen test and blood PCR assay to improve the diagnosis of this opportunistic disease.
Evolution of circumbinary accretion disk around supermassive binary black hole: post-Newtonian hydrodynamics versus Newtonian hydrodynamics
Authors: Liu Wenshuai 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the evolution of accretion disk around a supermassive binary black hole with equal mass using non-relativistic hydrodynamical simulations performed with FARGO3D. Compared with previous studies with the Newtonian hydrodynamics, here, we adopt the post-Newtonian (PN) hydrodynamics using the near zone metric of the binary black hole. In contrast to the Newtonian investigation, we find that there is a dramatic difference in the PN regime, gap formed by the circumbinary accretion disk around the binary with equal mass is wider with the PN hydrodynamics than that with the Newtonian hydrodynamics and is independent of disk viscosity given that hydrodynamical simulations are run for about the same factor times the viscous timescale associated with different viscosities. This may present unique observable signatures of the continuum emission in such binary-disk system.
A comprehensive reanalysis of Spitzer’s 4.5 μm phase curves, and the phase variations of the ultra-hot Jupiters MASCARA-1b and KELT-16b
Authors: Bell Taylor J , Dang Lisa , Cowan Nicolas B , Bean Jacob , Désert Jean-Michel , Fortney Jonathan J , Keating Dylan , Kempton Eliza , Kreidberg Laura , Line Michael R , Mansfield Megan , Parmentier Vivien , Stevenson Kevin B , Swain Mark , Zellem Robert T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We have developed an open-source pipeline for the analysis of Spitzer/IRAC channel 1 and 2 time-series photometry, incorporating some of the most popular decorrelation methods. We applied this pipeline to new phase curve observations of ultra-hot Jupiters MASCARA-1b and KELT-16b, and we performed the first comprehensive reanalysis of 15 phase curves. We find that MASCARA-1b and KELT-16b have phase offsets of $6^{+11}_{-11}~^{\circ }$W and $38^{+16}_{-15}~^{\circ }$W, dayside temperatures of $2952^{+100}_{-97}$ and $3070^{+160}_{-150}$ K, and nightside temperatures of $1300^{+340}_{-340}$ and $1900^{+430}_{-440}$ K, respectively. We confirm a strong correlation between dayside and irradiation temperatures with a shallower dependence for nightside temperature. We also find evidence that the normalized phase curve amplitude (peak-to-trough divided by eclipse depth) is correlated with stellar effective temperature. In addition, while our different models often retrieve similar parameters, significant differences occasionally arise between them, as well as between our preferred model and the literature values. Nevertheless, our preferred models are consistent with published phase offsets to within −8 ± 21 degrees (−1.6 ± 3.2 sigma), and normalized phase curve amplitudes are on average reproduced to within −0.01 ± 0.24 (−0.1 ± 1.6 sigma). Finally, we find that BLISS performs best in most cases, but not all; we therefore recommend future analyses consider numerous detector models to ensure an optimal fit and to assess model dependencies.
High-accuracy analytical solutions for the projected mass (counts) and surface density (brightness) of Einasto profiles
Authors: Dhar Barun K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The Einasto profile has been successful in describing the density profiles of dark matter haloes in ΛCDM N-body simulations. It has also been able to describe multiple components in the surface brightness profiles of galaxies. However, analytically projecting it to calculate quantities under projection is challenging. In this paper, we will see the development of a highly accurate analytical approximation for the mass (or counts) enclosed in an infinitely long cylindrical column for Einasto profiles–also known as the projected mass (or counts)–using a novel methodology. We will then develop a self-consistent high-accuracy model for the surface density from the expression for the projected mass. Both models are quite accurate for a broad family of functions, with a shape parameter α varying by a factor of 100 in the range 0.05 ≲ α ≲ 5.0, with fractional errors ∼10−6 for α ≲ 0.4. Profiles with α ≲ 0.4 have been shown to fit the density profiles of dark matter haloes in N-body simulations as well as the luminosity profiles of the outer-components of massive galaxies. Since the projected mass and the surface density are used in gravitational lensing, I will illustrate how these models facilitate (for the first time) analytical computation of several quantities of interest in lensing due to Einasto profiles. The models, however, are not limited to lensing and apply to similar quantities under projection, such as the projected luminosity, the projected (columnar) number counts, and the projected density or the surface brightness.
Cosmological magnetogenesis: the Biermann battery during the Epoch of reionization
Authors: Attia Mara , Teyssier Romain , Katz Harley , Kimm Taysun , Martin-Alvarez Sergio , Ocvirk Pierre , Rosdahl Joakim 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate the effect of the Biermann battery during the Epoch of reionization (EoR) using cosmological Adaptive Mesh Refinement simulations within the framework of the sphinx project. We develop a novel numerical technique to solve for the Biermann battery term in the Constrained Transport method, preserving both the zero divergence of the magnetic field and the absence of Biermann battery for isothermal flows. The structure-preserving nature of our numerical method turns out to be very important to minimize numerical errors during validation tests of the propagation of a Str’omgren sphere and of a Sedov blast wave. We then use this new method to model the evolution of a 2.5 and 5 co-moving Mpc cosmological box with a state-of-the-art galaxy formation model within the Ramses code. Contrary to previous findings, we show that three different Biermann battery channels emerge: the first one is associated with linear perturbations before the EoR, the second one is the classical Biermann battery associated with reionization fronts during the EoR, and the third one is associated with strong, supernova-driven outflows. While the two former channels generate spontaneously volume-filling magnetic fields with a strength on the order or below 10−20 G, the latter, owing to the higher plasma temperature and a marginally resolved turbulent dynamo, reaches a field strength as high as 10−18 G in the intergalactic medium around massive haloes.
Revisiting high-order Taylor methods for astrodynamics and celestial mechanics
Authors: Biscani Francesco , Izzo Dario 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTWe present heyoka, a new, modern and general-purpose implementation of Taylor’s integration method for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations. Detailed numerical tests focused on difficult high-precision gravitational problems in astrodynamics and celestial mechanics show how our general-purpose integrator is competitive with and often superior to state-of-the-art specialized symplectic and non-symplectic integrators in both speed and accuracy. In particular, we show how Taylor methods are capable of satisfying Brouwer’s law for the conservation of energy in long-term integrations of planetary systems over billions of dynamical time-scales. We also show how close encounters are modelled accurately during simulations of the formation of the Kirkwood gaps and of Apophis’ 2029 close encounter with the Earth (where heyoka surpasses the speed and accuracy of domain-specific methods). heyoka can be used from both C++ and python, and it is publicly available as an open-source project.
X-ray spectroscopy of the starburst feedback in 30 Doradus
Authors: Cheng Yingjie , Wang Q Daniel , Lim Seunghwan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
X-ray observations provide a potentially powerful tool to study starburst feedback. The analysis and interpretation of such observations remain challenging, however, due to various complications, including the non-isothermality of the diffuse hot plasma and the inhomogeneity of the foreground absorption. We here illustrate such complications and a way to mitigate their effects by presenting an X-ray spectroscopy of the 30 Doradus nebula in the Large Magellanic Clouds, based on a 100 ks Suzaku observation. We measure the thermal and chemical properties of the hot plasma and quantitatively confront them with the feedback expected from embedded massive stars. We find that our spatially resolved measurements can be well reproduced by a global modelling of the nebula with a lognormal temperature distribution of the plasma emission measure and a lognormal foreground absorption distribution. The metal abundances and total mass of the plasma are consistent with the chemically enriched mass ejection expected from the central OB association and a $\sim 55{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ mass-loading from the ambient medium. The total thermal energy of the plasma is smaller than what is expected from a simple superbubble model, demonstrating that important channels of energy loss are not accounted for. Our analysis indeed shows tentative evidence for a diffuse non-thermal X-ray component, indicating that cosmic ray acceleration needs to be considered in such a young starburst region. Finally, we suggest that the lognormal modelling may be suitable for the X-ray spectral analysis of other giant H ii regions, especially when spatially resolved spectroscopy is not practical.
Maximally hard radio spectra from Fermi acceleration in pulsar-wind nebulae
Authors: Arad Ofir , Lavi Assaf , Keshet Uri 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The processes leading to the exceptionally hard radio spectra of pulsar-wind nebulae (PWNe) are not yet understood. Radio photon spectral indices among 29 PWNe from the literature show an approximately normal, α = 0.2 ± 0.2 distribution. We present ∼3σ evidence for a distinct sub-population of PWNe, with a hard spectrum α = 0.01 ± 0.06 near the termination shock and significantly softer elsewhere, possibly due to a recent evacuation of the shock surroundings. Such spectra, especially in the hard sub-population, suggest a Fermi process, such as diffusive shock acceleration (DSA), at its extreme, α = 0 limit. In particular, we show that this limit is approached in DSA for sufficiently anisotropic small-angle scattering, enhanced on either side of the shock for particles approaching the shock front. In the upstream, the spectral hardening is mostly associated with an enhanced energy gain, possibly driven by the same beamed particles crossing the shock. Downstream, the main effect is a diminished escape probability, but this lowers the acceleration efficiency to $\lesssim 25{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for α = 0.3 and $\lesssim 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for α = 0.03.
An analytical model to kinematically identify thin discs in MaNGA galaxies
Authors: Yang Meng , Weijmans Anne-Marie , Bershady Matthew A , Merrifield Michael , Boardman Nicholas F , Drory Niv 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present an analytical model to identify thin discs in galaxies, and apply this model to a sample of SDSS MaNGA galaxies. This model fits the velocity and velocity dispersion fields of galaxies with regular kinematics. By introducing two parameters ζ related to the comparison of the model’s asymmetric drift correction to the observed gas kinematics and η related to the dominant component of a galaxy, we classify the galaxies in the sample as ‘disc-dominated, ‘non-disc-dominated’, or ‘disc-free’ indicating galaxies with a dominating thin disc, a non-dominating thin disc, or no thin disc detection with our method, respectively. The dynamical mass resulting from our model correlates with stellar mass, and we investigate discrepancies by including gas mass and variation of the initial mass function. As expected, most spiral galaxies in the sample are disc-dominated, while ellipticals are predominantly disc-free. Lenticular galaxies show a dichotomy in their kinematic classification, which is related to their different star formation rates and gas fractions. We propose two possible scenarios to explain these results. In the first scenario, disc-free lenticulars formed in more violent processes than disc-dominated ones, while in the second scenario, the quenching processes in lenticulars lead to a change in their kinematic structures as disc-dominated lenticulars evolve to disc-free ones.
Spectroscopic and photometric observations of dwarf nova superoutbursts by the 3.8 m telescope Seimei and the Variable Star Network
Authors: Tampo Yusuke , Isogai Keisuke , Kojiguchi Naoto , Maehara Hiroyuki , Taguchi Kenta , Kato Taichi , Kimura Mariko , Wakamatsu Yasuyuki , Shibata Masaaki , Nogami Daisaku , Kawabata Miho , Maeda Keiichi , Namekata Kosuke , Okamoto Soshi , Otsuka Masaaki , Burgaz Umut , Nagoshi Shumpei , Itoh Hiroshi , Vanmunster Tonny , Tordai Tamás , Stone Geoffrey , Matsumoto Katsura , Fujii Daiti , Matsumura Ryota , Nakagawa Momoka , Takeuchi Nodoka , Zenkou Yuki , Pavlenko Elena P , Antonyuk Kirill A , Pit Nikolaj V , Antonyuk Oksana I , Babina Julia V , Baklanov Aleksei V , Sosnovskij Aleksei A , Shugarov Sergey Yu , Katysheva Nataly , Chochol Drahomír , Dvorak Shawn , Dubovsky Pavol A , Medulka Tomáš , Kudzej Igor , Kiyota Seiichiro , Zubareva Alexandra M , Belinski Alexandr A , Ikonnikova Natalia P , Burlak Marina A , Sano Yasuo , Mizutani Masanori , Ruiz Javier , D. Pickard Roger , Hambsch Franz-Josef , Dufoer Sjoerd , Brincat Stephen M , Galdies Charles , Menzies Kenneth , Moriyama Masayuki , Hiraga Mitsutaka , Maeda Yutaka , Hirosawa Kenji , Funada Masao , Yamamoto Minoru 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present spectroscopic and photometric observations of 17 dwarf-nova superoutbursts obtained by KOOLS-IFU mounted on the 3.8 m telescope Seimei at the Okayama Observatory of Kyoto University and through the Variable Star Network collaboration (VSNET). Our spectroscopic observations for six outbursts were performed within 1 d of their optical peak. 11 objects (TCP J00590972+3438357, ASASSN-19ado, TCP J06073081−0101501, ZTF20aavnpug, ASASSN-19ady, MASTER OT J061642.05+435617.9, TCP J20034647+1335125, ASASSN-20kv, ASASSN-20kw, MASTER OT J213908.79+161240.2, and ASASSN-20mf) were previously unknown systems, and our observations enabled quick classification of their transient type. These results illustrate that the Seimei telescope has the capability to conduct quick follow-up observations of unknown transients. Our photometric observations yielded that 11 of the objects are WZ Sge-type dwarf novae and their candidates, and the other six are SU UMa-type dwarf novae and their candidates. The He ii 4686 Å emission line was clearly detected among ASASSN-19ado, TCP J06073081−0101501 and MASTER OT J213908.79+161240.2, the association of which with a spiral arm structure in an accretion disk has been suggested in previous studies. Our result suggests that a higher-inclination system shows a stronger emission line of He ii 4686 Å, as well as larger-amplitude early superhumps.