bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of premalignant gastric cardia lesions: A population‐based prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Gu Jianhua , Xie Shuanghua , Wang Shaoming , Xue Liyan , Zhou Jiachen , Li Minjuan , Fan Zhiyuan , Chen Ru , Middleton Daniel R. S. , Hao Changqing , Wang Jinwu , Li Bianyun , Li Xinqing , Wei Wenqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn our study, we aimed to assess the long‐term risk of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) for patients with different histological cardia lesions to inform future guidelines for GCA screening in China. We conducted a population‐based prospective study among 9740 subjects who underwent upper endoscopy screening during 2005 to 2009 and followed until December 2017. Cumulative incidence and mortality rates of GCA were calculated by the baseline histological diagnoses, and the hazard ratios (HRs), overall and by age and sex, were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards models. During a median follow‐up of 10 years, we identified 123 new GCA cases (1.26%) and 31 GCA deaths (0.32%). The age‐standardized incidence and mortality rates of GCA were 128.71/100 000 and 35.69/100 000 person‐years, and cumulative incidence rate in patients with cardia high‐grade dysplasia (CHGD), cardia low‐grade dysplasia (CLGD) and atrophic carditis (AC)/cardia intestinal metaplasia (CIM) was 25%, 3.05% and 1.58%, respectively. The progression rate and cancer risk of GCA increased monotonically with each step in Correa's cascade. Individuals aged 50 to 69 years had 4.4 times higher GCA incidence than those aged 40 to 49 years. Patients with CLGD had a significantly higher 3‐year GCA incidence than the normal group, while patients with AC/CIM had a comparable GCA risk during 3‐year follow‐up but a higher risk at 5‐year intervals. Our results suggested a postponed starting age of 50 years for GCA screening, immediate treatment for patients with CHGD, a 3‐year surveillance interval for patients with CLGD, and a lengthened surveillance interval of 5 years for patients with AC/CIM.
Isolation and partial characterization of Komagataeibacter sp. SU12 and optimization of bacterial cellulose production using Mangifera indica extracts
Authors: Calderón‐Toledo Susana , Horue Manuel , Alvarez Vera A , Castro Guillermo R , Zavaleta Amparo Iris 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecycling food wastes into high‐value‐added products not only impacts beneficially on the environment but also on local economies. Mango wastes represent more than 92 000 tons per year in Peru. Bioconversion of mango waste into bacterial cellulose (BC) can provide valuable products in biomedicine.RESULTSScreening of BC producers in kombucha tea allows the selection of wild‐type strains. One of the selected wild‐type strains, named SU12, was cultured in batch using Hestrin–Schramm (HS) synthetic medium under static conditions and was able to produce a membrane in the liquid–air interface. The membrane was purified and characterized by chemical (Congo red), spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared), thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric techniques as BC. The strain SU12 was tested using chemical and molecular techniques (16S rRNA) and identified phylogenetically as Komagataeibacter rhaeticus SU12 with 99.85% similarity and 96.5/1/98 values of Shimodaira–Hasegawa approximate similarity test/aBayes/bootstrap analyses. HS medium supplemented with mango extracts was optimized using Plackett–Burmann's design followed by factorial design of relevant parameters and adjusted by regression to a first‐order polynomial equation. Optimized major parameters of mango extract, yeast extract, ethanol concentration and incubation time produced 25.34 g L−1 dry cellulose in 21 days.CONCLUSIONSThe study demonstrated the isolation of wild‐type strain identified as K. rhaeticus SU12 capable of producing BC using synthetic medium supplemented with extracts of mango wastes and high BC production comparable with other members of the same species. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Morphological study of the gastrointestinal tract around the ligament of Treitz using upper gastrointestinal radiography: Fundamental data for EUS‐guided gastrojejunostomy
Authors: Nutahara Daisuke , Nagai Kazumasa , Sofuni Atsushi , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Ishii Kentaro , Furuichi Yoshihiro , Kitamura Katsuya , Itoh Masahiro , Miyazawa Hideaki , Itoi Takao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground/PurposeWe developed EUS‐guided double‐balloon occluded gastrojejunostomy (EPASS) for gastric drainage tract obstruction. The success of EPASS depends on the proximity of the stomach and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract near the ligament of Treitz. The aim of this study is to clarify the GI anatomy near the ligament of Treitz.MethodsOne thousand and sixteen cases imaged upper GI radiography using barium were retrospectively evaluated. Morphologically, the GI tract running near the ligament of Treitz was divided in three types: Type I: The 4th portion of the duodenum (D4) approaches the stomach; Type II: D4 does not approach the stomach; Type III: D4 forms a loop to the jejunum. The minimum distance between the stomach and the GI tract near the ligament of Treitz was measured.ResultsBased on the morphological classification, 74.6% in the study group was classified in Type I, 22.0% in Type II, and 3.3% in Type III, respectively. The median minimum distance in Type II/III group were significantly longer, compared with the Type I (P < .01).ConclusionsThe GI anatomy near the ligament of Treitz was clarified using upper GI radiography. It is divided into three patterns, and one‐fourth of cases may have difficulty in EUS‐guided gastrojejunostomy.
Topical mitomycin C application post endoscopic removal of antrochoanal polyp
Authors: El‐Anwar Mohammad Waheed , Elmalt Ashraf , Annany Ahmed , Ahmed Wael A. , Nofal Ahmed Abdel Fattah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveAssessment the effect of topical application of mitomycin‐C (MMC) after endoscopic removal of antrochoanal polyp (ACP) on its recurrence rate.MethodsThis prospective study was done on patients with ACP. Endoscopic nasal surgery has been done to remove the polyp after wide middle meatal antrostomy. The patients were categorized into two groups. In MMC group, after endoscopic ACP removal, MMC on a piece of cotton was topically applied inside the maxillary antrum in the suspected site of ACP origin. A second group was used as a control group without MMC application.ResultsThe study included on 40 patients; 20 patients in each group. Topical MMA application was easily performed. No granulation, crust, infection, or bleeding was reported in all cases of both groups. Recurrent polyp was not reported in MMC group, while recurrent polyp was detected in four cases (20%) in control group without MMA application with statistically significant difference (P = .035).ConclusionTopical MMC application inside the maxillary sinus after endoscopic removal of the ACP is safe, easy, and effective.Level of evidence2c.
Time‐Domain Integration of Broadband Terahertz Pulses in a Tapered Two‐Wire Waveguide
Authors: Balistreri Giacomo , Tomasino Alessandro , Dong Junliang , Yurtsever Aycan , Stivala Salvatore , Azaña José , Morandotti Roberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, the time‐domain integration of broadband terahertz (THz) pulses via a tapered two‐wire waveguide (TTWWG) is reported. Such a guiding structure consists of two metallic wires separated by a variable air gap that shrinks down to a subwavelength size as the movement takes from the waveguide input to its output. It is shown that while an input THz pulse propagates toward the subwavelength output gap, it is reshaped into its first‐order time integral waveform. In order to prove the TTWWG time integration functionality, the THz pulse is detected directly within the output gap of the waveguide, so as to prevent the outcoupling diffraction from altering the shape of the time‐integrated THz transient. Since the time‐domain integration is due to the tight geometrical confinement of the THz radiation in a subwavelength gap volume, the TTWWG operational spectral range can easily be tuned by judiciously changing both the output gap size and the tapering angle. The results lead to the physical realization of a broadband, analog THz time integrator device, which is envisioned to serve as a key building block for the implementation of complex and ultrahigh‐speed analog signal processing operations in THz communication systems.
Investigation on fiber‐based terahertz source
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Gong Yandong , Li Ke , Ren Guobin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA terahertz (THz) source based on hybrid Opt‐THz fiber, which is made of concentric central optical fiber and external Terahertz fiber, was proposed. With the enhanced second order nonlinearity in the central optical fiber, THz waves are distributed through difference frequency by high‐power optical pump laser. The external THz fiber will be designed with hollow fiber structure, and the THz waves are propagated and accumulated along the THz fiber. The simulation shows that the maximum THz power can reach ~4.8 mW after a 13.7 m optimal fiber length. The proposed THz source will be able to compete with existing THz sources in terms of power, compactness, frequency tunability and room‐temperature operation.
Plasma procalcitonin may be an early predictor of liver injury in acetaminophen poisoning: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Nuzzo Alexandre , Salem Shireen , Malissin Isabelle , Diallo Abdourahmane , Deye Nicolas , Goury Antoine , Gourlain Hervé , Péron Nicolas , Vicaut Eric , Voicu Sebastian , Mégarbane Bruno 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsAcetaminophen is a common cause of poisoning and liver injury worldwide; however, patient stratification is suboptimal. We aimed to assess the contribution of admission plasma procalcitonin concentration (PCT) to better identify acetaminophen‐poisoned patients likely to develop liver injury.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational cohort study including all acetaminophen‐poisoned patients requiring N‐acetylcysteine admitted in a toxicological intensive care unit between 2012 and 2017. Multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox regression model to investigate factors associated with liver injury, defined as an increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >100 IU/L.ResultsOne hundred seventeen patients (age, 32 years (21–53), median [25th–75th percentiles]) were included after self‐ingesting 16 g (9–30) acetaminophen and received N‐acetylcysteine infusion administered within a median 6 h‐delay (4–12) from exposure. Co‐ingestions were reported in 77% of patients. Rumack–Matthew nomogram was non‐interpretable in 47% cases. Liver injury occurred in 38 patients (32%) with a median peak ALT of 2020 IU/L (577–4248). In liver injury patients, admission PCT was significantly increased in comparison to patients without liver injury (21.5 ng/ml (3.2–44.9) versus 0.1 ng/ml (0–0.4), respectively, p < 0.01). The increase in PCT preceded the increase in ALT by 33 h (10–74). In a multivariate analysis, PCT > 1 ng/ml was significantly associated with liver injury (hazard ratio, 7.2 [95% confidence interval, 2.3–22.6; p < 0.001]). PCT (area under the receiver‐operating characteristics curve, 0.91 [95%CI: 0.84–0.97]) predicted liver injury with sensitivity, specificity, negative, and positive predictive values of 0.92, 0.84, 0.96, and 0.73, respectively.ConclusionPCT on admission is associated with liver injury in acetaminophen poisoning. PCT might be used as a predictive tool of liver injury to improve clinical decision‐making.
Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Gallium Schiff‐base Complexes in the Ring‐Opening Homo‐ and Copolymerization of Cyclic Esters
Authors: Ghosh Swarup , Glöckler Eduard , Wölper Christoph , Tjaberings Alexander , Gröschel André H. , Schulz Stephan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTetranuclear Ga(III) complexes L1–32Ga4(t‐Bu)8 1–3 are synthesized and characterized (elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C, DOSY NMR spectroscopy, XRD) and their activity in the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide (LA) and ϵ‐caprolactone (ϵ‐CL) is reported. Complex 1 is the most active homopolymerization catalyst in the presence of benzyl alcohol (BnOH), yielding isotactic‐enriched polylactides (PLAs) with Pm (probably of mesomerism) values up to 0.72 by a first order kinetic with respect to the monomer concentration. The living character of the polymerization process was confirmed by a polymerization resumption experiment. Complexes 1–3 are also active catalysts in the copolymerization of LA and ϵ‐CL, and sequential addition of both monomers gave well‐defined block copolymers with narrow Đ values (distributions of molecular weight).
A new bound on CP violation in the τ lepton Yukawa coupling and electroweak baryogenesis
Authors: Alonso-González J. , Merlo L. , Pokorski S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe is a fundamental question of physics. Electroweak baryogenesis is a compelling scenario for explaining it but it requires beyond the Standard Model sources of the CP symmetry violation. The simplest possibility is CP violation in the third generation fermion Higgs couplings, widely investigated theoretically and searched for experimentally. It has been found that the experimental bounds on the CP violation in the quark Yukawa couplings exclude their significant role in the electroweak baryogenesis, but it can be still played by the τ lepton Yukawa coupling. It is shown in this paper that, within the context of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory and assuming an underlying flavour symmetry of the Wilson coefficients, the electron dipole moment bound on the τ lepton Yukawa coupling is two orders of magnitude stronger than previously reported. This sheds strong doubts on its role in the electroweak baryogenesis, further stimulates the interest in its experimental verification and makes electroweak baryogenesis even more difficult to explain.
Post Transplantation Cyclophosphamide Improves Outcome of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Kasarełło Kaja , Snarski Emilian , Sulejczak Dorota , Ciesielski Tomasz , Wiśniewska Agnieszka , Wrzesień Robert , Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska Agnieszka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExperimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has recently been recognized as the standard treatment for MS. The aim of our experiment was to investigate the effect of AHSCT with the addition of low-dose post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (Cy) on EAE in rats. Low dose post-transplantation Cy is used in haploidentical HSCT to reduce the risk of graft versus host disease. We hypothesized that it could bring additional benefit in autologous HSCT in autoimmune diseases. Rats with evoked EAE were treated with high dose (125 mg/kg) Cy, followed by AHSCT or high dose (125 mg/kg) Cy followed by AHSCT followed by low dose (20 mg/kg) Cy in two-time schedules—with the therapy applied during the pre-symptomatic or symptomatic phase of the disease. Both AHSCT and AHSCT with post-transplantation Cy in accordance with both time schedules reduce the intensity of the inflammatory response in the CNS, in comparison with non-treated EAE rats. The reduction of clinical symptoms was present in all AHSCT treatment protocols, however, it was significantly stronger when post-transplantation Cy was given during the symptomatic phase of the disease. AHSCT with the addition of post HSCT low dose Cy improved the results of AHSCT by not only reducing the intensity of inflammation in the CNS but also by significantly reducing the clinical symptoms in treated animals when compared to AHSCT alone. We provide an experimental rationale that the addition of post-transplantation Cy may improve the outcome of HSCT in MS.
Graphic Abstract
Transmitter and ion channel profiles of neurons in the primate abducens and trochlear nuclei
Authors: Mayadali Ümit Suat , Fleuriet Jérome , Mustari Michael , Straka Hans , Horn Anja Kerstin Ellen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExtraocular motoneurons initiate dynamically different eye movements, including saccades, smooth pursuit and vestibulo-ocular reflexes. These motoneurons subdivide into two main types based on the structure of the neuro-muscular interface: motoneurons of singly-innervated (SIF), and motoneurons of multiply-innervated muscle fibers (MIF). SIF motoneurons are thought to provoke strong and brief/fast muscle contractions, whereas MIF motoneurons initiate prolonged, slow contractions. While relevant for adequate functionality, transmitter and ion channel profiles associated with the morpho-physiological differences between these motoneuron types, have not been elucidated so far. This prompted us to investigate the expression of voltage-gated potassium, sodium and calcium ion channels (Kv1.1, Kv3.1b, Nav1.6, Cav3.1–3.3, KCC2), the transmitter profiles of their presynaptic terminals (vGlut1 and 2, GlyT2 and GAD) and transmitter receptors (GluR2/3, NMDAR1, GlyR1α) using immunohistochemical analyses of abducens and trochlear motoneurons and of abducens internuclear neurons (INTs) in macaque monkeys. The main findings were: (1) MIF and SIF motoneurons express unique voltage-gated ion channel profiles, respectively, likely accounting for differences in intrinsic membrane properties. (2) Presynaptic glutamatergic synapses utilize vGlut2, but not vGlut1. (3) Trochlear motoneurons receive GABAergic inputs, abducens neurons receive both GABAergic and glycinergic inputs. (4) Synaptic densities differ between MIF and SIF motoneurons, with MIF motoneurons receiving fewer terminals. (5) Glutamatergic receptor subtypes differ between MIF and SIF motoneurons. While NMDAR1 is intensely expressed in INTs, MIF motoneurons lack this receptor subtype entirely. The obtained cell-type-specific transmitter and conductance profiles illuminate the structural substrates responsible for differential contributions of neurons in the abducens and trochlear nuclei to eye movements.
Self-care and clinical management of persons with laryngectomy during COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review
Authors: Varghese Janet Jaison , Aithal Venkataraja U. , Rajashekhar Bellur 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
To summarize guidelines on self-care and clinical management of persons with laryngectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method
Articles published in electronic databases—PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINHAL with the compliant keywords—were scouted from December 2019 to November 2020. All original articles, letters to editors, reviews, and consensus statements were reviewed and included.

Results
In all, 20 articles that had information pertaining to self-care of persons with laryngectomy or guidelines for clinicians working with this population were identified. Four of the included studies were case reports of persons with laryngectomy who contracted the COVID-19 virus. One of the included articles was a cohort study that explored the use of telerehabilitation in persons with laryngectomy.

Conclusion
The hallmarks of preventative strategies for persons with laryngectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic are as follows: physical distancing, use of a three-ply mask or surgical mask to cover the mouth and nose, and use of Heat Moisture Exchange (HME) device over stoma in addition to covering it with a surgical mask or laryngectomy bib. Telerehabilitation, not a preference with this population prior to the pandemic, has gained popularity and acceptance during the COVID-19 situation. The reports of COVID-positive persons with laryngectomy have indicated contrary findings from the tracheal and nasal swabs, necessitating compulsory inclusion of both nasal and tracheal swabs.
On the determination of the bending fatigue strength in and above the very high cycle fatigue regime of shot-peened gears
Authors: Fuchs D. , Schurer S. , Tobie T. , Stahl K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDemands on modern gearboxes are constantly increasing, for example to comply with lightweight design goals or new CO2 thresholds. Normally, to increase performance requires making gearboxes and powertrains more robust. However, this increases the weight of a standard gearbox. The two trends therefore seem contradictory. To satisfy both of these goals, gears in gearboxes can be shot-peened to introduce high compressive residual stresses and improve their bending fatigue strength. To determine a gear’s tooth root bending fatigue strength, experiments are conducted up to a defined number of load cycles in the high cycle fatigue range. However, investigations of shot-peened gears have revealed tooth root fracture damage initiated at non-metallic inclusions in and above the very high cycle fatigue range. This means that a further reduction in bending load carrying capacity has to be expected at higher load cycles, something which is not covered under current standard testing conditions. The question is whether there is a significant decrease in the bending load carrying capacity and, also, if pulsating tests conducted at higher load cycles—or even tests on the FZG back-to-back test rig—are necessary to determine a proper endurance fatigue limit for shot-peened gears. This paper examines these questions.
Measuring spatial price differentials at the basic heading level: a comparison of stochastic index number methods
Authors: Weinand Sebastian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpatial price comparisons rely to a high degree on the quality of the underlying price data that are collected within or across countries. Below the basic heading level, these price data often exhibit large gaps. Therefore, stochastic index number methods like the Country–Product–Dummy (CPD) method and the Gini–Eltetö–Köves–Szulc (GEKS) method are utilised for the aggregation of the price data into higher-level indices. Although the two index number methods produce differing price level estimates when prices are missing, the present paper demonstrates that both can be derived from exactly the same stochastic model. For a specific case of missing prices, it is shown that the formula underlying these price level estimates differs between the two methods only in weighting. The impact of missing prices on the efficiency of the price level estimates is analysed in two simulation studies. It can be shown that the CPD method slightly outperforms the GEKS method. Using micro data of Germany’s Consumer Price Index, it can be observed that more narrowly defined products improve estimation efficiency.