bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A weight management program, including a blend of natural compounds, facilitates weight loss in overweight men and women: a pilot study
Authors: Wood Steven M , Poole Stephen , Burke Doug , Bartlett Mark , Mastaloudis Angela 
Published: June 2021

Increased rates of overweight globally highlight the need for effective weight management tools. Unfortunately, the complexity of weight management creates challenges and successful interventions backed by well‐controlled studies are lacking. The purpose of this study was to test a blend of natural compounds along with a diet and exercise program for the ability to support healthy weight loss in humans.Sixty‐nine subjects (47 Women (W) and 22 Men (M)) average age 43.9 ± 9.8 years and an average Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30.6 ± 3.4 were instructed to follow the diet, exercise and supplement program for 2 weeks. 91% of subjects lost weight, average weight loss after two weeks was −3.8 ± 3.1 lbs (−3.0 ± 2.9 lbs W; −5.4 ± 3.0 lbs M) and average fat loss of −1.4 ± 2.3% (−1.3 ± 2.4% W; −1.6 ± 1.9% M)(all changes p < 0.05). Although men lost more weight than women, women experienced greater changes in body measurements. Women exhibited statistically significant reductions in waist, hip, arm and ankle circumferences while no changes were recorded in men. No adverse events were reported and laboratory values were within normal limits.A weight management program made up of a unique blend of natural compounds, a diet and an exercise regime, led to successful reductions in body weight and % body fat within 2 weeks. These positive findings warrant further investigation including a longer term intervention and a randomized placebo controlled trial. Research was supported by Nu Skin Enterprises, Provo, Utah
The effectiveness of carnitine on triglyceride catabolism in fatty liver cultured cell model
Authors: Miyazaki Teruo , Honda Akira , Ikegami Tadashi , Matsuzaki Yasushi 
Published: June 2021

Background/AimFatty liver is closely associated with lifestyle‐related illness and liver diseases. However, the effective therapy for fatty liver has not been established yet. Carnitine is an essential factor to transport fatty acid into mitochondria. This study examined the effectiveness of carnitine on fatty acid catabolism in fatty liver culture cell model.MethodsIn human Fa2N4 and mouse AML12 cells, fatty liver induced by synthetic LXR‐ligand (To901317) exposure was treated with 0–10 mM carnitine for 3 days. The levels of triglyceride (TG) and fatty acid metabolism‐related genes were evaluated. Further, normal cell was loaded to 200 μM parmitic acid with 1 mM carnitine for up to 20h, and β‐oxidation metabolites in medium was measured.ResultsIn both cells, TG level was significantly and dose‐dependently decreased by carnitine treatment. The enhanced mRNA levels of SREBP‐1, ACC, FAS, and SCD were significantly decreased by carnitine. After 20h of fatty acid load, ketone body excretion from cell was significantly increased with carnitine compared to that without carnitine. The mRNA levels of PPARα, CPT‐1α, PGC‐1α, and OCTN2 were significantly increased after 20h compared to these at 0 time.ConclusionIn the cell model, fatty liver was improved by carnitine treatment through β‐oxidation activation. Therefore, carnitine administration would be a possible therapy for metabolic syndrome with fatty liver.
Effect of peanut consumption on satiety and energy intake
Authors: Barbour Jayne Anne , Howe Peter R.C. , Buckley Jonathan D. , Bryan Janet , Coates Alison M. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDespite their high oil content there is evidence that peanuts do not contribute to weight gain. The nutrient profile of peanuts may assist with weight management by increasing satiety.ObjectiveTo examine effects of eating normal and Hi‐Oleic peanuts compared with potato crisps on satiety and subsequent energy intake.Experimental Design24 participants were randomized in a crossover trial to consume unsalted iso‐energetic serves of three test foods, viz. 60–80g of normal (oleic acid as 55% of total oil content) or Hi‐Oleic (oleic acid as 75% of total oil content) peanuts or 70–90g of potato crisps, after an overnight fast. Hunger/satiety was assessed at baseline, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes with visual analogue scales (VAS), after which a cold buffet meal was freely consumed. The same quantity of each food was consumed daily for a further 3 days during which food intake was recorded. Participants crossed over to the alternate foods and repeated the protocol twice at weekly intervals.ResultsCompared with potato crisps, Hi‐Oleic and normal peanuts reduced subsequent total energy intake both acutely (−21%; P<0.001, and −17%; P<0.004) and over the subsequent 4 day period (−11%; P<0.001 and −9%; P<0.008). There were no significant differences in perceived satiety estimated from the VAS scales.DiscussionConsumption of peanuts reduced subsequent food intake and may assist with weight management.
Oat and Barley β‐Glucans Induce Satiety and Reduce Energy Intake ‐ a Study on Acute and Longer‐term Effects
Authors: Kristensen Mette , Ibrügger Sabine , Mikkelsen Mette Skau , Poulsen Malene Wibe , Ejsing Johnny , Bak Monika Judyta , Dragsted Lars Ove , Jespersen Birthe Moeller , Engelsen Soeren Balling , Bügel Susanne 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveWe investigate the acute and longer‐term effects of three different β‐glucan preparations camouflaged in food matrices on appetite and food intake.MethodsFourteen participants completed this randomized crossover study with four 3‐week periods with daily consumption of 3.3g of fibers (control (no fiber), mutant barley β‐glucan, mother barley β‐glucan and oat β‐glucan of a similar molecular mass). Before and after each period (day 0 and 21) a 4‐hour meal test was completed, during which appetite ratings were measured and ad libitum energy intake at the next meal was recorded.ResultsNo significant difference in ad libitum food intake was seen on day 0 (p=0.14), however AUC for satiety and fullness both tended to differ between meals on day 0 (p=0.10 and p=0.08) with higher values for oat and mutant barley meals compared to control. Interestingly, the participants consumed less energy (~10%) after all fiber‐rich meals compared to control (p<0.05) on day 21, despite no differences in AUC for satiety, fullness or hunger (p>;0.50).ConclusionsThe difference in effect on appetite and food intake could be speculated to derive from differences in the fiber molecular block‐structure seen for mutant barley, mother barley and oat and then in turn small differences in fermentation patterns.
Identification of the role of mangostin in adipocytes with high‐throughput biosensor platform
Authors: Shen Qiwen , Chitchumroonchokchai Chureeporn , Gushchina Liubov , Failla Mark , Ziouzenkova Ouliana 
Published: June 2021

We developed a biosensor platform based on 3T3‐L1 cell lines that stably express nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) response element/GFP, fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4) promoter/CFP, and Nrf2 promoter/YFP fluorescent reporters. The fluorescence signals indicate a direct correlation to the inflammatory, adipogenic and antioxidant status in adipocytes, respectively. α‐Mangostin (MG), a polyphenolic xanthone derivative from mangosteen fruit, has been reported to have anti‐adipogenic and anti‐inflammatory activities, while the activity of γ‐MG remains largely unknown. We applied biosensor assays to identify inflammatory and adipogenic properties of γ‐ as compared to α‐MG. α‐MG suppressed the activation of NF‐κB reporter in adipocytes in a dose‐dependent manner. α‐ and γ‐MG suppressed the activation of NF‐κB reporter by 30% and 40%, respectively, as compared to control adipocytes. This was confirmed by a significant decrease in mRNA expression of adipogenic marker PPARγ and pre‐adipocyte marker pref‐1. γ‐MG was a more potent inhibitor than α‐MG of MCP1 production as quantified by ELISA. MG also regulated Fabp4 and Nrf2 reporters during adipogenesis. Our studies suggest that the high‐throughput fluorescence biosensor platform facilitated the discovery of the potential therapeutic properties of γ‐MG in reducing obesity and inflammation.OIA Gateway Research Seed Grant OSU
Bioelectrical impedance phase angle: predictor of cell disturbance, metabolism and priority for nutritional intervention?
Authors: Almeida Ana Isabel , Ferreira Catarina , Grillo Isabel Monteiro , Camilo Maria , Ravasco Paula 
Published: June 2021

RationaleCancer & undernutrition may result in disturbed electric tissue properties, translated in altered phase angle (PA). We aimed to assess the predictive value of PA in identifying cancer pts with major priority for nutritional intervention.MethodsWe included 51 ambulatory cancer pts. Nutritional status was assessed by Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA). PA values were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (Biodynamics 450®) & compared with age/sex reference percentiles. Comparisons were made using non‐parametric tests.ResultsUndernutrition was prevalent (39%) & 63% pts had indication for nutritional intervention. Most pts with a PA<5th percentile were undernourished (75%) & had indication for nutritional intervention (88%). A PA<5th percentile did predict a significantly worse PG‐SGA intervention score (p<0.02). PG‐SGA A score was worse in pts with a PA<5th percentile vs pts with PA>;5th percentile (p<0.01), particularly on food intake, symptoms & functional capacity (p<0.05).ConclusionA PA<5th percentile was associated with critical need for nutrition intervention. PA integration in clinical practice may be of great value; while simple and easy to use, it provides key information on cell disturbance & metabolism, which may be useful as a first approach to prioritize the urgent need of nutritional intervention & symptom management. No research support.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3′ untranslated and near gene regions of transthyretin may play a role in senile systemic amyloidosis
Authors: Sikora Jacquelyn L , Spencer Brian H , Prokaeva Tatiana B , Connors Lawreen H 
Published: June 2021

Senile Systemic Amyloidosis (SSA) is a disease occurring mainly in elderly Caucasian males, estimated to affect approximately 25% of individuals over 80 years of age. SSA usually presents as cardiomyopathy caused by extracellular deposits of amyloid fibrils composed of the plasma protein, transthyretin (TTR). We hypothesized that genetic variation in regulatory regions of the TTR gene may contribute to SSA. We examined SNP variations in a region of ~800 bases spanning the 3′ untranslated and near gene regions of the TTR gene in a group of patients with SSA (n=88). For comparison, a group of controls (n=10) matched for age, gender, and race were analyzed. Of 24 previously reported SNPs in this region, we identified one novel and 3 common SNPs, rs62093482, rs1791228, and rs75032823 in our samples. The odds ratios (OR) calculated under allele analysis for these SNPs were >;1, indicating at least one SNP may be associated with SSA. Genotype analysis revealed OR of 7 and 5 under the recessive model for rs62093482 and rs1791228, respectively, and OR of 3 under the dominant model for rs75032823. Haplotype analysis revealed a haplotype block unique to the SSA group including the three SNPs. The common haplotype identified had an OR of 2.5, indicative of association with SSA, and included alleles with high OR for each SNP.This research is supported by the Gruss Foundation, Boston University Amyloid Fund, the Young Family Amyloid Research Fund, and NIH grant RO1AG031804 (LHC).
Characterizing the Structural Elements Involved in β1‐ Adrenergic Receptor Interaction with SAP97
Authors: Nooh Mohammed M. , Bahouth Suleiman W 
Published: June 2021

In this study we characterized the domains in SAP97 that are involved in binding to the β1‐AR and to AKAP79. Among the three PDZs of SAP97, PDZ2 displayed the highest binding affinity to the β1‐AR. In addition to its PDZs, SAP97 contains other protein interacting domains, such as the I3 sequence in the SRC homology‐3 (SH3) domain, which binds to AKAP79. Deletion of I3 from SAP97 (ΔI3‐SAP97) did not affect the binding of SAP97 to the β1‐AR. However, ΔI3‐SAP97 could not rescue the recycling of the β1‐AR because it failed to incorporate AKAP79 into the SAP97‐ β1‐AR complex. On the other hand, we demonstrated that mutations to alanine at positions 0, −2, and −3 of β1‐AR inhibited recycling of the agonist‐internalized β1‐AR and coimmunoprecipitation of β1‐AR with SAP97 in HEK‐293 cells. Also, we determined that mutating β1‐AR V477 to other small hydrophobic residues (I or L) did not affect recycling of the agonist‐internalized β1‐AR or co‐immunoprecipitation of full β1‐ AR with SAP97. These and other data to be presented define the key elements required for organizing β1‐ adrenergic receptosome involved in connecting the β1‐AR to trafficking and signaling networks.Funded by NIH HL‐085848
Antinociceptive effects of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor positive allosteric modulators type I and II in models of acute and chronic pain in mice
Authors: Freitas Kelen , Negus S Stevens , Carroll F Ivy , Damaj M Imad 
Published: June 2021

Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) have been divided into Type I PAMs (little or no effect on agonist‐induced desensitization) and Type II PAMs (delayed desensitization). This study compared antinociception produced by intraperitoneal delivery of the Type I PAM NS‐1738 and the Type II PAM PNU‐120596 in adult male ICR mice using assays of (1) paw licking induced in two phases by intraplantar formalin, (2) thermal hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar carrageenan, and (3) mechanical allodynia induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Antinociceptive interactions between PNU‐120596 and intrathecal delivery of the endogenous α7 agonist choline in the formalin test were also examined with isobolographic analysis.ResultsNS‐1738 reduced formalin‐induced licking only in the first phase, whereas PNU‐120596 and choline decreased licking in both phases. Furthermore, PNU‐120596 potentiated choline's effect synergistically. NS‐1738 was partially antihyperalgesic in the carrageenan model but had no effect in the CCI model, whereas PNU‐120596 was efficacious in both models.ConclusionThese results suggest that Type II α7 nAChR PAMs may produce antinociception across a broader range of conditions than Type I PAMs. Type II PAM antinociception may be mediated by a synergistic interaction with endogenous spinal choline. Funded by NIDA.
In isolated vessels H2S is a less effective scavenger of exogenous superoxide than SOD
Authors: Springo Zsolt , Solymar Margit , Cseplo Peter , Toth Peter , Berta Gergely , Hamar Janos , Koller Akos 
Published: June 2021

Recent studies suggest that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exhibits potent antioxidant capacity and improves vascular and tissue functions in oxidative stress conditions. Thus we aimed to compare the direct antioxidant efficacy of H2S and superoxide dismutase (SOD).Isometric force of isolated rat carotid arteries and gracilis veins was measured with a wire myograph. The vasomotor effect of the superoxide‐generator pyrogallol (10−5M) was obtained in control conditions, and then in the presence of SOD (120 U/ml) or H2S (10−5M or 10−4M), respectively. Spectrophotometric measurements were performed to detect the effect of SOD and H2S on the auto‐oxidation of pyrogallol to superoxidePyrogallol increased the isometric force of carotid arteries (9.7±0.8mN), which was abolished by SOD (5.3±0.8mN), but was not affected by 10−5M H2S (9.1±0.5mN), whereas 10−4M H2S significantly reduced it (8.1±0.7mN). Pyrogallol significantly increased the isometric force of gracilis veins (1.3±0.2mN), which was abolished by SOD (0.9±0.2mN), whereas 10−5M (1.3±0.2mN) or 10−4M H2S (1.2±0.2mN) did not significantly affect it. Pyrogallol‐induced superoxide production was measured by a spectrophotometer (A420=0.19±0.0). SOD reduced absorbance (A420=0.02±0.0), but 10−5M H2S did not (A420=0.18±0.0), whereas 10−4M H2S slightly, but significantly reduced it (A420=0.15±0.0).This in vitro vascular bioassay study suggests that the superoxide scavenging efficacy of H2S is substantially less than that of SOD, suggesting that the beneficial effects of H2S on vascular function in conditions of oxidative stress could be due primarily to secondary mechanisms activated by H2S.
Sensory nerve‐dependent prolonged opening of pannexin‐1‐based channels controls eNOS phosphorylation in mesenteric arteries
Authors: Gaete Pablo Simon , Lillo Mauricio , Figueroa Xavier 
Published: June 2021

In this work, we analyzed if perivascular sensory nerves (PSN) or pannexin 1 (Panx1)‐based channels control eNOS activity in resistance arteries. PSN of isolated arterial mesenteric bed of rat were activated with capsaicin (1 μM, 20 min) and acetylcholine (ACh)‐induced vasodilation and NO production were assessed 1 h later. Panx1‐based channel activity was evaluated by ethidium uptake and eNOS phosphorylation (p‐eNOS) by Western blot. Ethidium uptake was undetectable in control conditions, but stimulation with capsaicin or calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) induced robust dye uptake for more than 1 h. ACh‐induced NO‐dependent vasodilation and NO production, decreased drastically 1 h after capsaicin treatment, which was associated with a reduction in p‐eNOSSer1177 but not in p‐eNOSTh495. CGRP8–37 (CGRP receptor blocker) and probenecid (Panx1‐based channel blocker) inhibited both CGRP‐ and capsaicin‐activated ethidium uptake. These blockers also prevented the reduction in p‐eNOSSer1177 and NO‐dependent dilation. Consistent with this, Panx1‐based channel blockade with 10Panx prevented the inhibition in NO production observed after capsaicin treatment. These results suggest that capsaicin‐sensitive sensory nerves activation induces a prolonged opening of Panx1‐based channels, which leads to a reduction of phosphorylation‐mediated eNOS activity.FONDECYT 1100850, Anillos ACT‐71, AT2012
Vascular endothelial cell protein expression of adiponectin is related with vascular endothelial function in healthy older adults
Authors: Yoo Jeung‐Ki , Hwang Moon‐Hyon , Kim Han‐Kyul , Luttrell Meredith J. , Meade Thomas H. , English Mark W. , Christou Demetra D. 
Published: June 2021

Adiponectin (APN) is associated with enhanced vascular endothelial function in humans. Recently, there is some evidence that human renal glomerular endothelial cells express APN mRNA and protein but this has not been established in human vascular endothelial cells. We sought to 1) measure vascular endothelial cell protein expression (VECPE) of APN and circulating plasma APN; and 2) examine their relation to vascular endothelial function in healthy older adults. We measured vascular endothelial function (brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation [FMD] using ultrasonography), APN VECPE (biopsy coupled with quantitative immunofluorescence) and plasma APN (Mercodia, ELISA) in 23 adults (64±2 years; mean±SE, 55 – 79 years; 11 men and 12 women) free from clinical disease. APN VECPE was not related with plasma APN (r=−0.14, P=0.6). Greater APN VECPE was related with greater FMD (r=0.43, P=0.047), lower baseline (r=−0.45, P=0.03) and post‐occlusion shear stress (r=−0.46, P=0.03) and greater FMD/shear stress (r=0.56, P=0.007). Both plasma and APN VECPE were related with impaired renal function (r=0.44 to 0.62, P≤0.04). In conclusion, APN VECPE is associated with enhanced vascular endothelial function and is elevated with impaired renal function in older adults free from clinical disease.Supported by NIH Grant AG032067 & AHA Grant 0865117F.
Type 2 diabetic patients with treatment‐resistant hypertension display urine plasmin excretion that correlate with blood pressure and activate ENaC current
Authors: Friis Ulla Glenert , Buhl Kristian Bergholt , Oxlund Christina Stolzenburg , Svenningsen Per , Bistrup Claus , Abildgaard Ib , Jensen Boye L 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIt was hypothesized that urine samples from patients with proteinuria (see below) would be able to activate EnaC through plasmin.MaterialsA cross sectional study design was applied to type 2 diabetic patients diagnosed with treatment resistant hypertension (RHTN). Urine samples were analyzed for albumin, creatinine, plasmin(ogen) and ability to activate inward currents in single collecting duct cells.ResultsAlbuminuric T2DM patients with RHTN displayed significantly elevated levels of urinary plasmin(ogen) (844 ± 297 plg/crea, n=5) compared to normoalbuminuric‐T2DM‐RHTN patients (1.24 ± 0.9 plg/crea, n=5, P=0.011). The CCD cell line M1 showed significantly increased inward current when superfused with urine from albuminuric T2DM‐RHTN (58.8% ± 14%, n=5) compared to normoalbuminuric T2DM‐RHTN (16.2% ± 5.8%, n=5, P=0.0121).ConclusionA significant proportion of patients with type‐2 diabetes and treatment‐resistant hypertension excrete plasminogen proportional to albumin in urine which confers the ability of urine samples to evoke ENaC currents in vitro. The findings are in agreement with the notion that plasmin in the pre‐urine potentially aggravates hypertension trough inappropriate ENaC stimulation in type 2 diabetic treatment‐resistant hypertensive patients.
Sex‐dependent effect of prenatal and early postnatal red palm oil supplementation on cardiac ischemic tolerance of adult rats
Authors: Frantisek Kolar , Neckar Jan , Thamahane‐Katengua Emma , van Rooyen Jacques 
Published: June 2021

Female Wistar rats were fed a standard diet supplemented with 0.25 ml/day of red palm oil (RPO) for 4 wks before mating, during pregnancy and until weaning at the offspring age of 4 wks; the second group was fed a control diet. Body mass of supplemented male and female offspring was higher compared to their respective controls and the faster growth continued after the cessation of RPO supplementation till adulthood. At the age of 14 wks, myocardial antioxidant enzyme levels were assessed and separate groups of offspring were subjected to 20 min of coronary artery occlusion and 3 h of reperfusion. RPO supplementation resulted in a more pronounced down‐regulation of superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 1 in females than in males. The incidence and severity of ischemic ventricular arrhythmias was much lower in control females than in males. RPO markedly reduced the total number of arrhythmias and arrhythmia score in males to the same level as observed in control females, mainly due to a suppression of ventricular tachycardia. In contrast, RPO had no additive antiarrhythmic effect in females. Myocardial infarct size did not significantly differ between males and females and was not affected by RPO. The results indicate that RPO supplementation during early ontogeny may protect the adult rat heart against malignant ischemic arrhythmias in a sex‐dependent manner.Supported by URF, CPUT, SA and Carotino Malaysia.
Sodium Transport in a Mathematical Model of a Macula Densa Cell
Authors: Nadal‐Quiros Monica , Nieves‐Gonzalez Aniel , Moore Leon C. , Marcano Mariano 
Published: June 2021

Macula Densa (MD) cells, located at the boundary of the cortical thick ascending limb and the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, act as a signal sensor‐transmitter complex for glomerular filtration rate regulation. We developed a mathematical model of an MD cell based on solute and water conservation and electroneutrality constraints. The model includes representations of major transport pathways across the cell membranes: Na+‐K+‐2Clcotransporter, Na+/H+‐exchangers, H+ (Na+)/K+‐ ATPase, aquaporins, and renal outer medulla K+, maxi‐anion, and non‐selective cation channels. We simulated two cases: (1) an increase in luminal [NaCl] from 25 to 150 mM, and (2) a decrease from 150 to 25 mM, and obtained steady‐state cytosolic [Na+] of ~70 mM and ~ 30 mM for case (1) and (2), respectively. These results are in agreement with in vitro experiments from MD cells in rabbits.Research supported by MBRS‐RISE grant 2R25GM061151–09 and by NIH‐NIGMS grant SC1GM084744.