bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and determination of bacterial microbiota of Varroa destructor and isolation of Lysinibacillus sp. from it
Authors: Usta Mehtap 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The importance of bees for environmental health is known. Within the scope of this importance, it is of great importance to protect the health of bees and to prevent colony extinction. In this context, it is very important to develop effective methods in combating microorganisms, parasitoids, mites and organisms that cause disease or harm in bees. Both use different methods in terms of bee health.

Result
In this study, the possibility of the bacteria isolated from Varroa destructor mite being bioinsecticide was investigated. Accordingly, six bacteria were isolated from the mite. Isolated bacteria were analyzed according to biochemical tests, molecular analysis, optimum growth pH and phylogenetic tree drawn as Pantoea dispersa (GV1), Lysinibacillus macroides (GV3), Bacillus mycoides (GV4), Lysinibacillus fusiformis (GV5), Pseodomonas lutea (GV5), Lysinibacillus varians (GV7). Lysinibacillus sp. The entomopathogenic feature of Lysinibacillus sp. ranked it as the most important species. When the insecticidal properties of bacteria were examined, they were determined as 53, 90, 62, 95, 74 and 83% for GV1, GV3, GV4, GV5, GV6 and GV7, respectively.

Conclusion
Based on these results and literature review, Lysinibacillus sp. species had a high potential to be used as bioinsecticide against V. destructor mite.
How do fire behavior and fuel consumption vary between dormant and early growing season prescribed burns in the southern Appalachian Mountains?
Authors: Vaughan Matthew C. , Hagan Donald L. , Bridges William C. , Dickinson Matthew B. , Coates T. Adam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the widespread use of prescribed fire throughout much of the southeastern USA, temporal considerations of fire behavior and its effects often remain unclear. Opportunities to burn within prescriptive meteorological windows vary seasonally and along biogeographical gradients, particularly in mountainous terrain where topography can alter fire behavior. Managers often seek to expand the number of burn days available to accomplish their management objectives, such as hazardous fuel reduction, control of less desired vegetation, and wildlife habitat establishment and maintenance. For this study, we compared prescribed burns conducted in the dormant and early growing seasons in the southern Appalachian Mountains to evaluate how burn outcomes may be affected by environmental factors related to season of burn. The early growing season was defined as the narrow phenological window between bud break and full leaf-out. Proportion of plot area burned, surface fuel consumption, and time-integrated thermocouple heating were quantified and evaluated to determine potential relationships with fuel moisture and topographic and meteorological variables.ResultsOur results suggested that both time-integrated thermocouple heating and its variability were greater in early growing season burns than in dormant season burns. These differences were noted even though fuel consumption did not vary by season of burn. The variability of litter consumption and woody fuelbed height reduction were greater in dormant season burns than in early growing season burns. Warmer air temperatures and lower fuel moisture, interacting with topography, likely contributed to these seasonal differences and resulted in more burn coverage in early growing season burns than in dormant season burns.ConclusionsDormant season and early growing season burns in southern Appalachian forests consumed similar amounts of fuel where fire spread. Notwithstanding, warmer conditions in early growing season burns are likely to result in fire spread to parts of the landscape left unburnt in dormant season burns. We conclude that early growing season burns may offer a viable option for furthering the pace and scale of prescribed fire to achieve management objectives.
Development and psychometric properties of a questionnaire to evaluate sustainable waste separation behavior and environmental health promotion
Authors: Solhi Mahnaz , Heydari Esmat , Janani Leila , Farzadkia Mahdi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Assessment of benefits and barriers of waste separation at source is necessary to identify the effective factors in this field. This study aims at designing and validation of a questionnaire assessing the barriers and benefits of waste separation at source from the viewpoint of women based on the community-based social marketing model in Genaveh Township, Bushehr, Iran

Methods
In phase 1, a literature review and focus group discussion were conducted to identify the barriers and benefits of waste separation at the source and to design the items and questionnaires. In phase 2, a psychometric evaluation was performed, including face validity, content validity, structural validity, and reliability. Data were analyzed by SPSS and R software.

Results
Out of 56 initial items, seven items with the content validity ratio less than 0.56 were removed, and one with the content validity index less than 0.79 was reviewed. Content validity ratio of the questionnaire was 0.782 and content validity index 0.957. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the five and seven-factor models showed good fit. Considering the possible existence of some items in several factors, confirmatory factor analysis was used in the next step. Finally, two items were removed and two others were displaced. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed by internal consistency (α = 0.92) and its stability by the test-retest (ICC = 0.83).

Conclusions
The valid and reliable 48-item questionnaire is a suitable instrument for assessing the barriers and benefits of waste separation at source from the viewpoint of women based on the community-based social marketing model in Genaveh Township, Bushehr.
Cardiovascular disease risk factors among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care centre of eastern India: a pilot study
Authors: Mukhopadhay Somnath , Mukherjee Anindya , Khanra Dibbendhu , Samanta Biaus , Karak Avik , Guha Santanu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Handful studies report the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among medical students from India and none from the eastern part of the country.

Aim
To estimate the prevalence of risk factors of CVD and their correlation with CVD risk ratio among the MBBS students from eastern India.

Methods
433 students were studied. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form was used for assessment of physical activity and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to elicit psychological stress levels. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated. Total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio was calculated as the CVD risk ratio.

Results
39.3% were women and 68.6% of the subjects were in junior classes. 22.4% subjects had high PSS while 30% performed low physical activity. Tobacco and alcohol intake was prevalent in 29.3% and 21.0% respectively. High CVD risk ratio was found in 14.3%. Most risk factors were more prevalent among juniors except diabetes. Among the non-overweight and non-obese subjects there was a significant positive correlation between WHtR and CVD risk score (R = 0.33, p < 0.001). 82.7% of the variance in CVD risk ratio could be explained by WHtR, Body mass index, Triglycerides and Low-density lipoprotein (F(7, 425) = 296.085), of which LDL (β = 0.755) contributed the most.

Conclusions
High prevalence of different modifiable CVD risk factors revealed among the subjects in this study is concerning. WHtR appears promising as an independent early predictor of CVD risk in Indian population. A dedicated CVD risk assessment tool for the young population is necessary.
Assessment of antimicrobial phytopeptides: lipid transfer protein and hevein-like peptide in the prospect of structure, function and allergenic effect
Authors: Azmi Sarfuddin , Khatoon Shahnaaz , Hussain Mohd Kamil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are unique natural antibiotics that are crucial effectors of innate immune systems in almost all living organisms. Several different plant antimicrobial peptides have been identified and isolated, demonstrating a high level of protection against various types of bacteria, insects, nematodes and other microbes. Along with antimicrobial function, these peptides play a wide range of crucial function in plants, such as regulation of stomata, ion channel, heavy metals and membrane fluidity.

Main body
Antimicrobial peptides show a continuum of toxicity for a variety of plants and animals pathogenic microbes and even show cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Numerous studies have shown that transgenic plants have increased the expression of AMP-encoding genes in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, and plants that express transgenic AMP genes are more responsive to biotic, abiotic and other functions. In addition to being a molecule with protective properties, various allergic reactions are associated with some phytopeptides and proteins, in particular non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) and peptide-like hevein. Pru p3 from peach is the most clinically important allergen within the nsLTP family that cause real food allergies and also triggers extreme clinical reactions. Similarly, latex-fruit syndrome was primarily associated with well-studied latex allergen Hevein (Hev b8, Hev b6) and class I chitinases.

Short conclusions
Several findings have shown that, in the near future, transgenic plants based on AMPs against the verity of pathogenic fungi, bacteria and other abiotic stresses will be released without any adverse effects. Recent study reason that association of lipid with nsLTP enhances allergic sensitization and hevein-like domain of chitinase I essentially plays a role in cross-sensitivity of latex with different fruits and nuts. This review discusses the structures and various functions of lipid transfer protein and hevein-like peptide.
Toxicological evaluation of Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. ex Lamm (Araliaceae) leaves extract
Authors: Kaboua Komla , Pakoussi Tcha , Mouzou Aklesso , Assih Mindede , Kadissoli Balakiyém , Dossou-Yovo Komlan Mawubédjro , Bois Patrick 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The present study was designed to determine the cytotoxic, acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity profile of the hydroethanol extract of Hydrocotyle bonariensis leaves. The toxicity studies are preceded by a phytochemical screening to characterize the phytochemical compounds contained in this extract.

Results
The phytochemical screening allowed to identify the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponosids. The cytotoxicity study allowed retaining that this extract does not present cellular toxicity. The acute oral toxicity study was performed at a limit dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight by the oral route. The extract showed no signs of toxicity or mortality during the 14-day daily observation period. Repeated-dose oral toxicity studies were conducted by administering 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg body weight of the extract orally daily to the treated batches for 28 days. The extract did not reveal any toxicity either on the weights of the animals or on the relative weights of the organs taken. The analysis of biochemical and hematological parameters revealed no significant difference between the indicators of the batches treated with 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, compared to the control batch during the 28 days of treatment.

Conclusion
These results show that the hydroethanol extract of Hdrocotyle bonariensis leaves is relatively safe toxicologically when administered orally.
The role of microfinance institutions on poverty reduction in Ethiopia: the case of Oromia Credit and Saving Share Company at Welmera district
Authors: Chomen Dejene Adugna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to assess the contribution of Oromia Credit and Saving Share Company microfinance institution on poverty alleviation in Welmera district, Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfine, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Both random and purposive sampling techniques were used for data collection. Three hundred and fifty-seven respondents were selected from twelve different villages for the data collection. The study used a binary logistic regression to identify the key determinants of the income improvement of respondents. The findings confirmed that education level, voluntary saving, and utilization of loan for the intended purposes are statistically significant and positively contributed to the income improvement of the respondents in the study area. The finding revealed that most of the respondents' income improved after they joined the program which impacted positively in improving their standards of living.
Experimental design optimization of RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of metsulfuron-methyl, chlorantraniliprole and chlorimuron-ethyl residues in stems of Oryza sativa
Authors: Adiki Shanta Kumari , Katakam Prakash , Assaleh Fathi H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The study aims to develop a chemometrics optimized D-optimal mixture design approach assisted RP- HPLC method for the determination of pesticide residues of metsulfuron-methyl, chlorantraniliprole, and chlorimuron-ethyl in the stems of Oryza sativa. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of a pH 3.5 phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio 85:15.

Results
The optimized HPLC method gave a sharp resolution of metsulfuron-methyl, chlorantraniliprole and chlorimuron-ethyl at a retention time of 2.599 min, 3.805 min and 4.661 min receptively. Linearity was observed in the range 100‒500 µg/mL for metsulfuron-methyl (r2 = 0.999), 4‒20 µg/mL for chlorantraniliprole (r2 = 0.999) and 100‒500 µg/mL for chlorimuron-ethyl (r2 = 0.999). The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines.

Conclusion
The proposed chemometrics optimized RP-HPLC method was found to be successful in the resolution of pesticide residues in the stems of O. sativa. The developed method can be applied to routine quantification of metsulfuron-methyl, chlorantraniliprole and chlorimuron-ethyl.
Effect of cough assist device on blood gasses and period of mechanical ventilator for pneumonic children with general hypotonia
Authors: Sanad Raheel , Refaat Shimaa Mohamed , Meligy Bassant , Abdelazeim Faten Hassan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Cough assist devices play an important role with patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), particularly those with neuromuscular diseases which had abnormal muscle tone. It was previously thought to be the main technique for improving cough efficacy, which aids in weaning from mechanical ventilation and improves patient outcomes. So, we selected randomly the odd numbers from Abo El-Reesh hospital records, and 30 children of both sexes with pneumonia were selected, aged from 6 months to 3 years, who were selected from intensive care unit: fifteen children were the control group, who received the selected physical therapy program (postural drainage, percussion and resist diaphragm), and another fifteen children were the study group, who received previous physical therapy program, which was selected, and cough assist device.

Results
This study revealed the effect of cough assist device on blood gasses and the period of mechanical ventilator on children with pneumonia and general hypotonia. There was a significant decrease in pH, PaCO2, and HCO3 post treatment compared with that pretreatment in the study and control groups (p < 0.05). The percentage of decrease in pH, PaCO2, and HCO3 in study group A were 0.4, 38.26, and 30.28% respectively while that in the control group were 0.4, 32.56, and 25.48% for pH, PaCO2, and HCO3 respectively. There was a significant increase in PaO2 post treatment compared with that pretreatment in the study and control groups (p < 0.001). The percentage of increase in PaO2 in the study group was 32.13% and that in control group was 30.09%. There was no significant difference in pH, PaCO2, and HCO3 between both groups pre-treatment (p ˃ 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between groups post treatment (p ˃ 0.05). The median (IQR) period of mechanical ventilation in the study group was 5 (7, 4) days while that in control group was 8 (18, 5) days. There was a significant decrease in period of mechanical ventilator of the study group compared with that of control group (p = 0.03).

Conclusion
The cough assist device and physical therapy program were selected for children in the intensive care unit which have the same effect on arterial blood gasses as they optimize pH, PO2, PCO2, and HCO3, but the cough assist device helps in accelerating weaning of mechanical ventilator so as decrease the period of mechanical ventilator.
Monitoring subsurface changes by tracking direct-wave amplitudes and traveltimes in continuous distributed acoustic sensor VSP data
Authors: Pevzner Roman , Glubokovskikh Stanislav , Isaenkov Roman , Shashkin Pavel , Tertyshnikov Konstantin , Yavuz Sinem , Gurevich Boris , Correa Julia , Wood Todd , Freifeld Barry 
Published: October 2021

Instrumenting wells with distributed acoustic sensors (DASs) and illuminating them with passive or active seismic sources allows precise tracking of temporal variations of direct-wave traveltimes and amplitudes, which can be used to monitor variations in formation stiffness and density. This approach has been tested by tracking direct-wave amplitudes and traveltimes as part of a carbon capture and storage project where a 15 kt supercritical CO2 injection has been monitored with continuous offset vertical seismic profiling using nine permanently mounted surface orbital vibrators acting as seismic sources and several wells instrumented with DAS cables cemented behind the casing. The results indicate a significant (from 15% to 30%) increase of strain amplitudes within the CO2 injection interval, and traveltime shifts of 0.3–0.4 ms below this interval, consistent with full-wave 1.5D numerical simulations and theoretical predictions. The results give independent estimates of the CO2 plume thickness and the associated P-wave velocity reduction.
Phase II Randomized Trial of Transoral Surgery and Low-Dose Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy in Resectable p16+ Locally Advanced Oropharynx Cancer: An ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group Trial (E3311)
Authors: Ferris Robert L. , Flamand Yael , Weinstein Gregory S. , Li Shuli , Quon Harry , Mehra Ranee , Garcia Joaquin J. , Chung Christine H. , Gillison Maura L. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , O'Malley Bert W. , Ozer Enver , Thomas Giovana R. , Koch Wayne M. , Gross Neil D. , Bell R. Bryan , Saba Nabil F. , Lango Miriam , Méndez Eduardo , Burtness Barbara 
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE Definitive or postoperative chemoradiation (CRT) is curative for human papillomavirus–associated (HPV+) oropharynx cancer (OPC) but induces significant toxicity. As a deintensification strategy, we studied primary transoral surgery (TOS) and reduced postoperative radiation therapy (RT) in intermediate-risk HPV+ OPC. METHODS E3311 is a phase II randomized trial of reduced- or standard-dose postoperative RT for resected stage III-IVa (American Joint Committee on Cancer-seventh edition) HPV+ OPC, determined by pathologic parameters. Primary goals were feasibility of prospective multi-institutional study of TOS for HPV+ OPC, and oncologic efficacy (2-year progression-free survival) of TOS and adjuvant therapy in intermediate-risk patients after resection. TOS plus 50 Gy was considered promising if the lower limit of the exact 90% binomial confidence intervals exceeded 85%. Quality of life and swallowing were measured by functional assessment of cancer therapy-head and neck and MD Anderson Dysphagia Index. RESULTS Credentialed surgeons performed TOS for 495 patients. Eligible and treated patients were assigned as follows: arm A (low risk, n = 38) enrolled 11%, intermediate risk arms B (50 Gy, n = 100) or C (60 Gy, n = 108) randomly allocated 58%, and arm D (high risk, n = 113) enrolled 31%. With a median 35.2-month follow-up for 359 evaluable (eligible and treated) patients, 2-year progression-free survival Kaplan-Meier estimate is 96.9% (90% CI, 91.9 to 100) for arm A (observation), 94.9% (90% CI, 91.3 to 98.6]) for arm B (50 Gy), 96.0% (90% CI, 92.8 to 99.3) for arm C (60 Gy), and 90.7% (90% CI, 86.2 to 95.4) for arm D (66 Gy plus weekly cisplatin). Treatment arm distribution and oncologic outcome for ineligible or step 2 untreated patients (n = 136) mirrored the 359 evaluable patients. Exploratory comparison of functional assessment of cancer therapy-head and neck total scores between arms B and C is presented. CONCLUSION Primary TOS and reduced postoperative RT result in outstanding oncologic outcome and favorable functional outcomes in intermediate-risk HPV+ OPC.
Klein tunneling of semi-Dirac-like fermions in graphene
Authors: Ghasemian Kh. , Setare M. R. , Jahani D. , Naji J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, the Klein tunneling of semi-Dirac-like fermions confined in a single-layer graphene under uniaxial strain is studied. We consider the universal Hamiltonian to obtain the analytical solution for the transmission probability through a two-dimensional electrostatic barrier in the strongly strained graphene at the so-called merging point. In this regard, the numerical results of the transmission probability for several values of the merging parameter are presented. We demonstrate that the barrier would be completely transparent on the normal incidence for all values of the merging parameter. Finally, we turn our attention to obtain the exact solution of the transmission probability for a potential step to better illustrate it.
On Zionism and the Concept of Deferral
Authors: Stern Adam Y. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article offers a set of conceptual reflections on the politics of deferral. Beginning with an examination of this idea in analyses of colonialism, human rights, and liberalism, the article turns to Gershom Scholem's well-known opposition between Jewish messianism (“life lived in deferral”) and Zionism (concrete political action). The article troubles this distinction by tracing the concept of deferral back into Scholem's earliest writings on messianism and by showing the term's genealogical reliance on the theological-political vocabulary of sovereignty. Against this critical background, the article returns to the present, in order to reframe Scholem's distinction and to suggest that, far from negating messianic deferral, Zionism and Israeli colonial rule capture and redeploy its logic as a secular modality of power. The article concludes by inscribing this secular, political theology of Zionism within a Christian history of deferral, messianism, and empire.
“They Paint Sedition on the Walls”
Authors: Bhattacharya Debaditya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
While publicly funded institutions in India have provoked the punitive ire of the ruling Hindu right and systematically invited acts of state terror, a new education policy drafted by the same ruling party advocates a wholesale return to a “liberal arts” curriculum. The essay attempts to demonstrate how the “liberal” has become the cultural logic of a communal-fascist regime, insofar as the regime is harnessing universities to its project of redefining citizenship in line with its recently passed citizenship laws. In this context, how might a hijacked “idea” of the university be reclaimed—and what are the possible futures of such a political maneuver? This essay suggests how a practice of imaginative labor at the university might be leveled not toward citizenship but toward lessons in immigrancy. It also addresses how a mass online transition—prompted by policy in the name of a pandemic—reconfigures rights of entry to this imaginative labor.