bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for Decoding the Protein Composition of Whole Nucleosomes with Nuc-MS: Sample Preparation, Data Acquisition and Analysis
Authors: Schachner Luis F. , Lee Alexander S. , Kelleher Neil L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The disassembly and digestion of nucleosome particles in current proteomics approaches forfeits correlations among histones and blurs nucleosome-level information. We developed Nuc-MS which analyzes whole nucleosomes and displays their histone modifications and variants in a single mass spectrum. In this protocol, we provide step-by-step instructions for preparation of mononucleosomes for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, and parameter sets for Nuc-MS data acquisition and data analysis.
Controlled femoral cracking for reduction of hip arthroplasty in high riding hips: Is it safe?
Authors: Yaradılmış Yüksel , Okkaoğlu Mustafa , Özdemir Erdi , Ateş Ahmet , Demirkale İsmail , Altay Murat 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: As subtrochanteric femoral osteotomy extends the operating time and increases bleeding, it is a complex surgical procedure, which exposes the patient to complications. The aim of this study was to describe the controlled femoral cracking method as a safely reduction method and to present the results of this method used in hip arthroplasty without femoral osteotomy in high dislocated hip.Methods: A retrospective examination included 40 Crowe III/IV patients for whom shortening was not planned preoperatively. Femoral osteotomy was planned for Crowe III/IV patients who were expected to have >4cm lengthening according to the preoperative templating. Patients were evaluated in respect of functional results, limb length discrepancy (LLD) and complications. Of the 40 patients applied with surgery without shortening, controlled femoral cracking was required in 20 cases, and no additional procedure was required during reduction in 20 cases. The patients applied with controlled femoral cracking were evaluated in respect of functional results, operating time, actual LLD and complications.Results: The patients comprised 3 males and 37 females with a mean age of 53.7±9.54 years. The mean follow-up period was 38±6.54 months (range, 24-66 months). The Harris Hip Score (HHS) was mean 45.96 preoperatively and 89.44±6.4 (range, 84-99) postoperatively. LLD was determined as 3.4±0.7cm preoperatively and 0.7±0.5 cm (range, 0-2 cm) postoperatively (p<0.05). The final HHS was 88.2±6.3 in patients applied with controlled femoral cracking and 90.3±6.5 (range, 86-99) in those not applied with controlled femoral cracking (p=0.740). No increase in complications was observed in the patients applied with controlled femoral cracking.Conclusion: In patients where more than 4 cm of lengthening is not expected preoperatively, arthroplasty can be successfully managed without a shortening femoral osteotomy. The controlled femoral cracking technique is safe, does not increase LLD or nerve palsy rate, and shortens operating time with less blood loss.
Wave of net zero greenhouse gas emission targets opens window on meeting the Paris Agreement
Authors: Höhne Niklas , Gidden Matthew , Elzen Michel , Hans Frederic , Fyson Claire , Geiges Andreas , Jeffery Louise , Gonzales Sofia , Mooldijk Silke , Hare Willion , Rogelj Joeri 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The wave of national net zero CO2 and greenhouse gas emission targets could, if fully implemented, reduce best estimates of projected global average temperature increase to 2.1–2.4°C by 2100 and could bring achievement of the Paris Agreement within reach. 127 countries are discussing, have announced or have adopted net zero targets, which together cover 63% of global emissions. Together, these net zero targets could significantly lower projected global warming compared to currently implemented policies (2.9 to 3.2°C) or to the pledges submitted to the Paris Agreement (2.6 to 2.9°C).
CrOx-mediated Performance Enhancement of Ni/NiO-Mg:SrTiO3 in Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Han Kai , Haiber Diana , Knöppel Julius , Lievens Caroline , Cherevko Serhiy , Crozier Peter A. , Mul Guido , Mei Bastian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
By photodeposition of small quantities of CrOx on SrTiO3-based semiconductors, doped with aliovalent Mg(II) and functionalized with Ni/NiO catalytic nanoparticles (economically significantly more viable than commonly used Rh catalysts), an increase in Apparent Quantum Efficiency (AQEs) from ~10% to 26% in overall water splitting was obtained. Deposition of CrOx also significantly enhances the stability of Ni/NiO nanoparticles in production of hydrogen, allowing sustained operation, even in intermittent cycles of illumination. In situ elemental analysis of the water constituents during, or after photocatalysis, shows that after CrOx deposition, dissolution of Ni-ions from Ni/NiO-Mg:SrTiO3 is significantly suppressed, explaining the stabilizing effect of CrOx on water splitting performance. State-of-the-art electron microscopy and EDX and EELS analyses demonstrate that upon preparation, CrOx is photodeposited in the vicinity of several, but not all, Ni/NiO particles. This implies the formation of a Ni-Cr mixed metal oxide, which is highly effective in water reduction. Inhomogeneities in the interfacial contact, evident from differences in contact angles between Ni/NiO particles and the Mg:SrTiO3 semiconductor, likely affect the probability of reduction of Cr(VI)-species during synthesis by photodeposition, explaining the observed inhomogeneity in the spatial CrOx distribution. Furthermore, by comparison with undoped SrTiO3, Mg-doping appears essential in providing such favorable interfacial contact and to establish the beneficial effect of CrOx. This study suggests that the performance of semiconductors can be significantly improved if inhomogeneities in interfacial contact between semiconductors and highly effective catalytic nanoparticles can be resolved by (surface) doping and improved synthesis protocols.
Mid-Term Results of Large-Diameter Ceramic-Bearing Monoblock Acetabular Components in&nbsp;THA.
Authors: Murylev Valeriy , Elizarov Pavel , Muzychenkov Alexey , Rukin Yaroslav , Kukovenko Grigoriy , Alexeev Semen , Elizarov Michail 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Durability and better function are the challenging issue of any tribological pair. Ceramic on Ceramic (CoC) friction pairs should provide long-term wear and functional results.Objectives: To evaluate the mid-term results of using the monoblock acetabular system Maxera Cup (Zimmer Biomet) in cementless total hip arthroplasty.Materials and Methods: We evaluated the THA with Monoblock Maxera Cup (Zimmer Biomet) acetabular system in 93 patients. The mean follow-up was 4 years (49.5 ± 11.7 months). All 103 total hip arthroplasty cases in 93 patients were divided into 3 groups according to the diameters of CoC friction pairs (40, 44, 48 mm) used. The achieved functional results were evaluated using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) scale. Results: When assessing long-term results, the average score on the HHS scale significantly increased. During the first year after surgery, there was a 2.2-fold improvement in functional results. There was inconsistent creaking in the implanted joint in only 2.6% of cases with a CoC friction pair with a diameter of 44 mm. Conclusions:The CoC monoblock provides good joint function as perceived by the patient. Acoustic effects, in the form of a minor creaking, did not affect the functional results.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Extract From Lantana Camara L. Leaves
Authors: Lourenço Bondy Jorge , Kiza Asimbawe , JOÃO ABRÃO AMÂNDIO , Niconte Clemência FÉLIX ODALA , Vintuar POMPÍLIO ARMANDO , GWEMBE EUSÉBIO ANDRÉ PEDRO , CUINICA LÁZARO GONÇALVES 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Currently, several studies are being conducted to test antibacterial activity of various medicinal plants, in attempt to develop new antibiotics or to potentiate the action of antibiotics of known clinical use. In this research, phytochemical analysis and in vitro antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Lantana camara L were performed.The extracts were obtained through maceration with 90% ethanol. In phytochemical analysis, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins were identified using specific reagents for each class.The antibacterial activity was analyzed using the disk diffusion method according to Kirby-Bauer, against Escherichia coli and Staphylococus aureus. Results: The diameters of the inhibition halos varied between 0.7 and 12 mm, with an average of 8.26 mm for strains of S. aureus and there was no inhibition for E. coli. The results showed a significant difference between the inhibition halos and the tested concentrations for S. aureus. Conclusions: L. camara leaf extracts are rich in bioactive compounds and have a good antibacterial potential against S. aureus and not for E. coli. And there was no relationship between the concentration of the extract and the diameter of the halo of inhibition of the evaluated microorganism.
Osimertinib- Cardiac Dysfunction with Prolonged QTc Interval: Case Report
Authors: Medepalli Lalitha C , Jolly Pradeep C , Baliga Ragavendra R , Vallakati Ajay 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Osimertinib has improved outcomes and is indicated by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated lung cancer. Osimertinib use is associated with cardiac-related adverse events, including cardiac dysfunction and or prolonged QTc interval. There is an increasing need for a comprehensive evaluation prior to the initiation of Osimertinib with detailed assessment of clinical history particularly looking at the cardiovascular risk factors, a protocol driven close cardio-oncology with periodic electrolyte and ECG monitoring during the therapy, as these high risk patients are associated with higher rates of cardiotoxicity compared with the low risk patient population.Case presentation: We report a patient who presented with cardiomyopathy, manifested by prolonged QTc interval, new valvular and left ventricular systolic dysfunction, six months into her treatment with Osimertinib. With a timely detection and treatment of her electrolyte abnormality and poor oral intake, we were able to correct the markedly prolonged QTc interval and to prevent potential life threatening arrhythmia. Conclusions: Patients receiving third generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Osimertinib, should be carefully monitored for development of cancer treatment-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). Significant number of these patients also have other associated cardiac risk factors and comorbidities including poor nutrition. With poor po intake due to comorbidities this sub group of patients are even more susceptible to significant electrolyte abnormalities. Our case highlights the importance of close monitoring of especially these patients with regular electrocardiograms (EKGs), electrolyte panels, along with assessment of left ventricular function when needed to detect and intervene Osimertinib related cardiotoxicity.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Indices in Surface Sediments From Southwestern Bay of Bengal, India
Authors: Sadanandan Harikrishnan , Dharmalingam Senthil Nathan , Agarwal Nitin , Mouttoucomarassamy Sridharan , Nagarajan Anbuselvan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The study of heavy metal distribution in the shelf sediments of Southwestern part of Bay of Bengal is essential in determining the distribution pattern and to understand the consequences of marine pollution beside the coastal environment. The south eastern coastal areas of India are affected by several disturbances and contamination associated with accelerated industrialization and urbanization. Twenty-nine surface sediment samples were collected from shelf region of Southwestern part of Bay of Bengal and analyzed for sediment texture, organic matter and heavy metals. Pollution indices such as Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (CF) as well as multivariate statistical analyses were used to recognize the pollution pattern and probable sources for metal contamination. Comparatively, the concentration of heavy metals in the study area is closely associated with finer fractions and organic matter. The results demonstrate that Cu, Co, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni in most of the sites are extremely contaminated in terms of Igeo. The computed values of CF indicate very high contamination of the metals like Pb, Zn and Cr followed by uncontamination to moderate contamination of Cu, Mn, Ni, Co. Based on factor analysis, domestic and industrial activities from adjacent land areas are found to be the major contributors of heavy metals in the shelf sediments.
Investigation of The Biochemical, and Histopathological Effects of Alpinia Officinarum Rhizome Extract Against Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Ashtari Atefeh , Niazvand Firoozeh , Azari Mahdi , Chamkouri Narges 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Alpinia officinarum rhizome extract (AORE) on cisplatin (CP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. In this regard, 44 male rats were divided into six groups including the control group, AORE control group, CP control group, and three groups of CP (7 mg/kg dose, on the tenth day) with AORE (at concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, daily for 14 days). After 14 days, the rats' livers were removed and their liver function was assessed using biochemical marker enzymes. Oxidative stress was assessed by evaluating malondialdehyde concentration and hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and a histopathological test was also conducted. According to the results, the group treated with CP had severe liver damage and the group treated with AORE had no harm compared with the control group. Among the groups receiving CP and AORE (at different concentrations), the group with 200 mg/kg AORE showed the lowest liver damage compared to the other two groups.
Microbial Conversion of Lignin-Based Compounds Into Carotenoids By Rhodococci
Authors: Chen Zhu , Wan Caixia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lignin valorization is considered an integral part for an economically viable biorefinery. However, heterogenous nature of lignin imposes a big challenge for upgrading diverse lignin-derived intermediates and subsequent downstream processing. To overcome this challenge, we proposed to explore unique convergent pathways in Rhodococus strains to funnel lignin-derived compounds into single target products. A feasible bioprocess for co-production of lipids and carotenoids from lignin by Rhodococci was developed. This process would potentially extract more values from lignin via biological upgrading of lignin.
The Glycosyltransferase ST3GAL2&nbsp;Modulate the Proliferation and Inflammation Response in PRRSV&nbsp;Infection&nbsp;
Authors: Song Yinna , Guo Yanyu , Li Xiaoyang , Sun Ruiqi , Zhu Min , Tan Zheng , Swaiba Umm E , Zhang Lilin , huang jinhai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The viral proliferation process of envelop viruses including invasion, assembly, and release process is impacted by glycosylation. Sialic acid modification mainly exists in the terminal glycosylation of proteins and lipids. In this study, the effect of porcine sialylglycosyltransferase (ST3GAL2) on virus proliferation, as well as regulation of inflammatory factor in PRRSV-infected 3D4/21 cell model were analyzed. The expression of ST3GAL2 was up-regulated in PRRSV-infected 3D4/21 cells. The expression of ST3GAL2 that promote the proliferation of PRRSV was determined by overexpression and interference experiment. The ST3GAL2 localizes to Golgi apparatus and interacts with PRRSV structural protein GP2a was verified by confocal microscopy and co-immnoprecipitation array, which may play roles in the assembly of PRRSV envelope and virus proliferation. The expression of ST3GAL2 also impacts the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which regulate cellular immunity and promote the immune escape of PRRSV from innate immunity. Our results highlighted a potential mechanism whereby ST3GAL2 promotes PRRSV proliferation and offers the anti-inflammatory role of ST3GAL2 in cellular immunity.
COVID&nbsp;19 in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiency
Authors: Esenboga Saliha , Ocak Melike , Akarsu Ayşegul , Bildik Hacer Neslihan , Cagdas Deniz , Iskit Arzu Topeli , Tezcan Ilhan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The results and the complications following SARS-CoV2 infection in individuals with primary immunodeficiency(PID) remain unclear. The objective of this study is to report the course, follow-up, outcome of COVID 19 in 26 patients with PIDs from a tertiary PID center in Turkey. Infection mortality rate was found to be %7.69 which is eight times higher than infection mortality rate (%0.97) in general population in Turkey. Although it is clear that mortality in patients with PID is higher than in the normal population, it is difficult to suggest a more risky group among primary immunodeficiencies for COVID-19 with a complicated course according to the data published so far. The groups are quite heterogeneous regarding age, sex and comorbidities, but it is remarkable that patients who underwent HSCT with curative treatment had an uncomplicated course despite comorbidities. Future studies as metaanalysis getting data together may help to get a more reliable conclusion.
Acute toxicity test under optimal conditions of two commercial reactive dyes using the Fenton-like process: Assessment of process factors by Box–Behnken design
Authors: Srik Natwat , Neramittagapong Arthit , Srip Pongsert , Neramittagapong Sutasinee , Theerakulpisut Somnuk , Grisdanurak Nurak 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Reactive dye has generally been used in woven cotton fabric dyeing industries. Some treatments of several reactive dyes may produce more toxicity than the original dyes. The objectives of this study were to find the optimal condition on dye degradation efficiency of commercial reactive red dye 36 (DR36) and reactive violet dye 30 (DV30) using Fenton-like reaction, and to determine acute toxicity by static bioassay method under the optimal condition. The experiment was designed by Box Behnken Design (BBD), in which an initial pH, catalyst dosage and initial concentration of H2O2 were considered as independent variables. The results showed that only an initial pH solution was the principal parameter which influenced decolorization of the reactive dyes. Other factors were much less significant. The optimal conditions were found to be given by pH 3, 1 g/L of catalyst dosage, 27.63 mM of concentration of H2O2 for DR36, and pH 3, 1.35 g/L of catalyst dosage, 45 mM of concentration of H2O2 for DV30. Ninety percent of both decolorization were achieved in 30 min. Acute toxicity tests of the treated solutions using freshwater fairy shrimps (Streptocephalus sirindhornae) revealed that the shrimps survived longer than 24 h, indicating that the treated solutions were not acutely toxic. The average leaked iron, ADMI value and total organic carbon were found to be less than 10 ppm, 5 ADMI and 9.17 ppm respectively, in the treated samples. This research demonstrated an efficient method for decolorization of the reactive dyes with low acute toxicity.
Threshold Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth: New Evidence From a Panel Regime Switching Models
Authors: Kalai Maha , Kamel HELALI 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article contributes to the existing literature by examining the non-linear effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the development of the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) countries during the period 1980-2019. These countries multiply their FDI attraction policies in order to enrich the national externalities offered to local businesses and benefit from some positive effects on their economy in terms of growth, technology, know-how, etc. Using Panel Smooth Transition Regression Model (PSTR) and Panel Smooth Transition Autoregressive Model (PSTAR) models, our findings reveal that the FDI shows opposite effects below and over the estimated threshold. This highlights the asymmetrical effect of unforeseen shocks on its volatility. Policy implications are also discussed.JEL Classification: C51; C53; F21; F21; F34; O16; O23; R11.
Production optimization using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs with partial characterization of amylase from marine actinomycetes
Authors: Bukhari Sarah I , Al-Agamy Mohamed H , Kelany Mahmoud S , Hazani Mohammad R Al , Hamed Moaz M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Amylase is an industrial enzyme that is used in the food and biofuel industries. We screened four actinomycetes strains for amylase biosynthesis. The Streptomyces rochei strain had a larger hydrolytic zone (24 mm) on starch agar plates, than the other isolates. Plackett-Burman’s experimental design was implemented to optimize the conditions for amylase production by the selected strains. Growth under optimized culture conditions led to 1.7, 9.8, 7.7, and 3.12 -fold increases for the isolates S. griseorubens, S. rochei, S. parvus, and Streptomyces sp., respectively, in the specific activity measurement in comparison with growth under primary conditions. When applying the Box-Behnken design on S. rochei using the most significant parameters starch, K2HPO4, pH, and temperature, there was a 12.22-fold increase in the specific activity measurement: 7.37 U/mg. The optimal fermentation medium formula was kept at 30.6°C for seven days. The amylase from S. rochei was partially purified, and its molecular weight was determined using Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was found to be 45, 43, and 53 kDa. Amylase was particularly active at pH 6 and 65°C. The purified enzyme was most active at 65°C and a pH of 6, thermal stability of 70°C for 40 min and salt concentration of 1 M with a Km and Vmax of 6.58 mg/ml and 21.93 mg/ml/min, respectively. The amylase improved by adding Cu + 2, Zn + 2, and Fe + 2 (152.21%, 207.24%, and 111.89%). Increased production of amylase enzyme by Streptomyces rochei KR108310 attracts the production of industrially significant products.
Adaptive anti-disturbance control for a class of unknown pure feedback switched nonlinear systems
Authors: Chen Longsheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, an adaptive anti-disturbance control scheme is investigated for a class of unknown pure feedback switched nonlinear systems subjected to immeasurable states and external disturbances. Radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are employed to identify the switched unknown nonlinearities, and a Butterworth low-pass filter is adopted to remove the algebraic loop problem. Subsequently, a novel switched neural state observer and a novel switched disturbance are presented via the coupled design method to estimate the immeasurable states and compounded disturbances. Then, an improved adaptive control strategy for the studied problem is designed with the help of a filtering method to eliminate the “explosion of complexity” problem, and certain compensating signals are set up to compensate for the filter errors, where switched updated laws are constructed to lessen the conservativeness caused by adoption of a common updated law for all subsystems. By utilizing the Lyapunov stability theorem, the developed control scheme can guarantee that all signals in the closed-loop system are bounded under a class of switching signals with the average dwell time (ADT), while the tracking error can converge to a small neighbourhood of origin. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented approach.