bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield performance of dedicated industrial crops on low‐temperature characterized marginal agricultural land in Europe – a review
Authors: Reinhardt Jana , Hilgert Pia , Von Cossel Moritz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAbout 8.37 Mha of European agricultural land is affected by low temperature and thus considered marginal agricultural land. This land allows for industrial crop cultivation without competing directly with food security or biodiversity conservation. However, little is known regarding the yield performance of industrial crops under low temperature conditions. This study therefore compiles the available data and discusses them in the context of remaining uncertainties. Overall, 12 industrial crops were identified as relevant for Europe: giant reed (Arundo donax L.), camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz), cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.), crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst ex R.E.Fr.), cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.), hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), miscanthus (Miscanthus spp.), poplar (Populus L.), reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and willow (Salix L.). Good or very good growth suitability under low temperature was indicated for camelina, upland switchgrass, reed canary grass, and willow. Nevertheless, it was also found that there are strong variations in yield performance within the selected industrial crops. Little information was found on the effects of marginality constraints on biomass quality. The uncertainty resulting from this fragmentary data situation represents one of the greatest challenges to the large‐scale implementation of industrial crop cultivation across European agricultural land prone to low temperatures, especially in the context of climate change. © 2021 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Hyparschale Magdeburg im Wandel
Authors: Jentzsch Klaus‐Jürgen , Jentzsch Stefan , Merz Steffen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMüthers Hyparschale in Magdeburg hat auch nach über 50 Jahren eine Zukunft. Ihrer Errichtung im Jahr 1969 folgten zunächst Jahrzehnte vielfältiger Nutzung als Sport‐ und Veranstaltungsstätte. Danach geriet sie in Vergessenheit und 1997 erfolgte aus Sicherheitsgründen die bauaufsichtliche Sperrung. Durch unterlassene Instandhaltung und Vandalismus war sie nun dem Verfall preisgegeben. Erst Anfang der 2000er Jahre entdeckte man die baugeschichtliche Bedeutung dieses Solitärs neu und brachte den Willen zur Rettung auf. Den Weg bis zur Instandsetzung der Hyparschale und welche Innovationen des Ingenieurbaus dabei tragend waren, beschreibt der Beitrag.
Systematic assessment of process analytical technologies for biologics
Authors: Gillespie Christopher , Wasalathanthri Dhanuka P. , Ritz Diana B. , Zhou George , Davis Keith A. , Wucherpfennig Thomas , Hazelwood Nadine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe application of process analytical technology (PAT) for biotherapeutic development and manufacturing has been employed owing to technological, economic, and regulatory advantages across the industry. Typically, chromatographic, spectroscopic, and/or mass spectrometric sensors are integrated into upstream and downstream unit operations in in‐line, on‐line, or at‐line fashion to enable real‐time monitoring and control of the process. Despite the widespread utility of PAT technologies at various unit operations of the bioprocess, a holistic business value assessment of PAT has not been well addressed in biologics. Thus, in this study, we evaluated PAT technologies based on predefined criteria for their technological attributes such as enablement of better process understanding, control, and high‐throughput capabilities; as well as for business attributes such as simplicity of implementation, lead time, and cost reduction. The study involved an industry‐wide survey, where input from subject matter industry experts on various PAT tools were collected, assessed, and ranked. The survey results demonstrated on‐line liquid Chromatography (LC), in‐line Raman, and gas analysis techniques are of high business value especially at the production bioreactor unit operation of upstream processing. In‐line variable path‐length UV/VIS measurements (VPE), on‐line LC, multiangle light scattering (MALS), and automated sampling are of high business value in Protein A purification and polishing steps of the downstream process. We also provide insights, based on our experience in clinical and commercial manufacturing of biologics, into the development and implementation of some of the PAT tools. The results presented in this study are intended to be helpful for the current practitioners of PAT as well as those new to the field to gauge, prioritize and steer their projects for success.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis mistaken as a temporomandibular joint disorder: A case report
Authors: Hernández Ivonne A. , Friesen Reid , McGaw Tim , Levin Liran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionGranulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), is a rare systemic disease that if left untreated, it may lead to death within 6–12 months. This case report describes a 15‐year‐old female with a 14‐month history of epiphora, nasal breathing difficulties, headaches, and jaw pain. The patient reported having various medical procedures attempted to address her symptoms. The classical presentation of strawberry gingivitis led to the diagnosis of GPA. Based on a multi‐language search, this is the first reported case, that GPA is mistaken as Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD).Case PresentationA 15‐year‐old female with nearly 14 months of numerous complaints, including headaches and jaw pain, was referred for an orofacial pain (OFP) consultation. The patient had completed a dental examination and was prescribed chlorhexidine for gingivitis control. The OFP examination was not consistent with signs and symptoms of TMD. However, the gingival appearance of strawberry gingivitis was suggestive of GPA. A rheumatologist confirmed the diagnosis of GPA based on the clinical interview, serology testing, and dental findings. A course of rituximab and corticosteroids, and regular dental cleanings were recommended. A 4‐month follow‐up visit demonstrated complete resolution of her jaw pain and headaches. Gingival tissue appeared normal.ConclusionThis case emphasizes the need for familiarity with systemic diseases that can present oral manifestations. It also stresses the importance for dental professionals to be knowledgeable of differential diagnoses for TMD, headaches, and autoimmune disorders.Why is this case new information?

This is believed to be the first published case mistaking GPA as TMD.
This is a case in which a multidisciplinary approach and management were keys for a successful treatment outcome.
What are the keys to successful management of this case?

Obtain a thorough clinical history.
Know the oral manifestation of systemic diseases.
Know differential diagnosis of TMD and headaches.
What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

Having no access to the medical records during the OFP consultation.
Having no awareness of differential diagnosis for gingivitis: strawberry, plaque‐induced.
Radial versus femoral access in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery: Frequentist and Bayesian meta‐analysis
Authors: Nikolakopoulos Ilias , Vemmou Evangelia , Xenogiannis Iosif , Karacsonyi Judit , Rao Sunil V. , Romagnoli Enrico , Tsigkas Grigorios , Milkas Anastasios , Velagapudi Poonam , Alaswad Khaldoon , Rangan Bavana V. , Garcia Santiago , Burke M. Nicholas , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal access site for cardiac catheterization in patients with prior coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) continues to be debated.MethodsWe performed a random effects frequentist and Bayesian meta‐analysis of 4 randomized trials and 18 observational studies, including 60,192 patients with prior CABG (27,236 in the radial group; 32,956 in the femoral group) that underwent cardiac catheterization. Outcomes included (1) access‐site complications, (2) crossover to a different vascular access, (3) procedure time, and (4) contrast volume. Mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for continuous outcomes and odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI for binary outcomes.ResultsAmong randomized trials, crossover (OR: 7.63; 95% CI: 2.04, 28.51;p = 0.003) was higher in the radial group, while access site complications (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.34, 2.87;p = 0.94) and contrast volume (MD: 15.08; 95% CI: −10.19, 40.35;p = 0.24) were similar. Among observational studies, crossover rates were higher (OR: 5.09; 95% CI: 2.43, 10.65;p < 0.001), while access site complication rates (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.89;p = 0.02) and contrast volume (MD: −7.52; 95% CI: −13.14, −1.90 ml;p = 0.009) were lower in the radial group. Bayesian analysis suggested that the odds of a difference existing between radial and femoral are small for all endpoints except crossover to another access site.ConclusionIn a frequentist and Bayesian meta‐analysis of patients with prior CABG undergoing coronary catheterization, radial access was associated with lower incidence of vascular access complications and lower contrast volume but also higher crossover rate.
Electrochemical Stability of Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on N‐Doped Hydrothermal Carbon Aerogels as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Martin Julian , Melke Julia , Njel Christian , Schökel Alexander , Büttner Jan , Fischer Anna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSustainable N‐doped carbon aerogels were synthesized by a scalable hydrothermal approach using low‐cost and abundant precursors such as glucose and ovalbumin. By adjusting the pyrolysis temperature (900–1500 °C), the surface chemistry, porosity and conductivity of these aerogels could be optimized for the design of Pt‐based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts with high Pt loading (40 wt % Pt) and improved stability. Pt nanoparticle deposition was realized by wet impregnation followed by thermal reduction and their size and distribution was found to strongly depend on the surface chemistry of the carbon aerogels. The catalysts’ activities and stabilities, determined by rotating disc electrode measurements in HClO4, were found to strongly depend on the pyrolysis temperature of the N‐doped carbon aerogel supports. While the mass activity decreased with increasing temperature, in line with a decreasing ECSA related to an increase in Pt nanoparticle size, the long‐term stability of the catalysts, as revealed by accelerated stress tests for carbon support degradation (10,000 cycles), increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature, in line with increasing Pt nanoparticle sizes and increasing graphitization of the carbon aerogel supports. Most importantly, the catalyst derived from aerogels pyrolyzed at 1000 °C achieved a good compromise between activity and stability and revealed a superior ORR activity after the accelerated stress test in comparison to a commercially available Pt/C reference catalyst (40 wt % Pt).
N‐Aryl and N‐Alkyl Carbamates from 1 Atmosphere of CO2
Authors: Takeuchi Katsuhiko , Chen Ming‐Yu , Yuan Hao‐Yu , Koizumi Hiroki , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Fukaya Norihisa , Choe Yoong‐Kee , Shigeyasu Shinji , Matsumoto Seiji , Hamura Satoshi , Choi Jun‐Chul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe have successfully isolated and characterized the zinc carbamate complex (phen)Zn(OAc)(OC(=O)NHPh) (1; phen=1,10‐phenanthroline), formed as an intermediate during the Zn(OAc)2/phen‐catalyzed synthesis of organic carbamates from CO2, amines, and the reusable reactant Si(OMe)4. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the direct reaction of 1 with Si(OMe)4 proceeds via a five‐coordinate silicon intermediate, forming organic carbamates. Based on these results, the catalytic system was improved by using Si(OMe)4 as the reaction solvent and additives like KOMe and KF, which promote the formation of the five‐coordinated silicon species. This sustainable and effective method can be used to synthesize various N‐aryl and N‐alkyl carbamates, including industrially important polyurethane raw materials, starting from CO2 under atmospheric pressure.
Direct C(sp3)–H Sulfonylation of Xanthene Derivatives with Sodium Sulfinates by Oxidative Copper Catalysis
Authors: Song Qinghao , Zhao He , Sun Yanping , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhang Min 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryBy employing a readily available CuCl/DDQ catalyst system, we herein report a direct C(sp3)–H sulfonylation of xanthene derivates with odorless sodium sulfinates. Various 9H‐xanthenes, thioxanthenes, and 9,10‐dihydroacridines are efficiently transformed into the desired benzylic sulfonyl products via a radical/radical cross‐coupling process, proceeding with the merits of broad substrate scope, operational simplicity, good functional group compatibility, and mild reaction conditions.
Efficient nucleus segmentation of white blood cells mimicking the human perception of color
Authors: García‐Lamont Farid , Alvarado Matías , López‐Chau Asdrúbal , Cervantes Jair 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, we present a nucleus segmentation proposal of white blood cells (WBCs) using chromatic features. It is human inspired on perception of color: a person locates the nucleus of the WBCs by the chromatic contrast between the nucleus and the other elements of the blood smear. To implement that, we segment the nucleus by selecting the pixels with high chromatic variance. First, an unsupervised neural network, which was trained offline to recognize different colors is applied to the images. Thereby, the hue of the pixels is normalized, and the chromatic variance is accurately computed. Processing the hue and using the unsupervised neural network the brightness and staining variations are robustly estimated. In previous related works, the color components are processed separately as uncorrelated intensity channels, and the mathematical operations are selected intuitively. Unlike that, we use color as a feature without separating the hue components, keeping their correlation, so the formal treat becomes systematic. Experiments use the RGB and HSV spaces with three public image databases: ALL‐IDB2, CellaVision, and JTSC. A pixel‐level segmentation evaluation is performed by comparing the segmented images with the ground truth. Our proposal competes with current methods since the values in accuracy, specificity, precision, sensitivity, dice coefficient, kappa index, and true positive rate all are similar to or improved upon the state of the art. The performance of our approach is classified as excellent regarding the kappa index value, and it detects at least 80% of the cells with an average dice coefficient larger than 0.9.
An ArcGIS Pro workflow to extract vegetation indices from aerial imagery of small‐plot turfgrass research
Authors: Wilber Amy L. , Czarnecki Joby M.P. , McCurdy James D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCollection of multispectral imagery from an aerial sensor is a means to obtain plot‐level vegetation index (VI) values; however, postcapture image processing and analysis remains a challenge for small‐plot researchers. An ArcGIS Pro workflow of two task items was developed with established routines and commands to extract plot‐level VI values (normalized difference VI [NDVI], ratio VI [RVI], and chlorophyll index–red edge [CI‐RE]) from multispectral aerial imagery of small‐plot turfgrass experiments. Users can access and download task items from the ArcGIS Online platform for use in ArcGIS Pro. The workflow standardizes processing of aerial imagery to ensure repeatability between sampling dates and across site locations. A guided workflow saves time with assigned commands, ultimately allowing users to obtain a table with plot descriptions and index values within a .csv file for statistical analysis. The workflow was used to analyze aerial imagery from a small‐plot turfgrass research study evaluating herbicide effects on St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] grow‐in. To compare methods, index values were extracted from the same aerial imagery by TurfScout, LLC and were obtained by handheld sensor. Index values from the three methods were correlated with visual percentage cover to determine sensitivity (i.e., the ability to detect differences) of the different methodologies. Index values collected by handheld sensor were more sensitive to visual cover than those extracted from aerial imagery. Index values extracted by TurfScout, LLC were generally more sensitive to visual percentage cover than the workflow extraction method, but both detected similar trends of increasing index values as percentage cover increased.
Fasting C‐peptide at type 2 diabetes diagnosis is an independent risk factor for total and cancer mortality
Authors: Otten Julia , Tavelin Björn , Söderberg Stefan , Rolandsson Olov 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsWe assessed the association between insulin resistance and blood glucose concentrations at type 2 diabetes diagnosis and future development of diabetes‐related complications and mortality.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 864 individuals with type 2 diabetes (median age 60 years) whose fasting C‐peptide and HbA1c were measured at diabetes diagnosis. The median follow‐up time until death or study end was 16.4 years (interquartile range 13.3−19.6). The association between C‐peptide and mortality/complications was estimated by Cox regression adjusted for sex, age at diabetes diagnosis, smoking, hypertension, BMI, total cholesterol, and HbA1c. C‐peptide and HbA1c were converted to Z scores before the Cox regression analysis.ResultsAn increase by one standard deviation in fasting C‐peptide at diabetes diagnosis was associated with all‐cause (hazard ratio [HR] 1.33; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.12–1.58; p = 0.001) and cancer mortality (HR 1.51; 95% CI 1.13–2.01; p = 0.005) in the fully adjusted model. An increase by one standard deviation in HbA1c at diabetes diagnosis was associated with all‐cause mortality (HR 1.24; 95% CI 1.07–1.44; p = 0.005), major cardiovascular events (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.04–1.39; p = 0.015), stroke (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.09–1.70; p = 0.006), and retinopathy (HR 1.54; 95% CI 1.34–1.76; p < 0.0001) in the fully adjusted model.ConclusionsFasting C‐peptide at type 2 diabetes diagnosis is an independent risk factor for total and cancer‐related mortality. Thus, treatment of type 2 diabetes should focus not only on normalising blood glucose levels but also on mitigating insulin resistance.
Habitat use and spatio‐temporal interactions of mule and white‐tailed deer in an area of sympatry in NE Washington
Authors: Staudenmaier Anna R. , Shipley Lisa A. , Bibelnieks Andris J. , Camp Meghan J. , Thornton Daniel H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSympatric species that are ecologically similar must either segregate through habitat disassociation or engage in biotic interactions with one another. Mule (Odocoileus hemionus) and white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are similar ungulate species that are distributed across North America in both areas of sympatry and allopatry. Over many decades, white‐tailed deer have been expanding their range into areas historically used allopatrically by mule deer, potentially leading to increased interactions between the species. However, the degree to which the two species segregate spatio‐temporally or engage in agonistic interactions is yet unclear. Therefore, to compare their realized habitat niches in an area of sympatry, we determined presence and absence of both deer species at 312 camera traps during the summers of 2018–2019 across a range of elevations and habitats in the Colville National Forest (CNF) in northeastern Washington. We compared characteristics of habitats used by the two species using single‐species occupancy models and found that topography was the strongest predictor of differing habitat use. Mule deer were more likely to occupy steep slopes and higher elevations and white‐tailed deer more likely to occupy shallower slopes and lower elevations. Using conditional, two‐species occupancy modeling, we found that after accounting for differences in habitat selection between the species, mule and white‐tailed deer occurred independently of one another in the CNF during summer. We found no evidence for temporal segregation, with ˜90% overlap in daily activity patterns and similar elapsed time between subsequent intra‐ and interspecies detections at the 21% of camera sites where both species were detected. Niche segregation along topographic gradients in our study system likely reduces the potential for current interspecies interactions, positive or negative, to occur in this system. However, we did not find any evidence of ongoing spatio‐temporal avoidance, even in areas of the landscape where both species were detected (e.g., sharing habitat). Therefore, although our observational study cannot rule out that contemporaneous habitat segregation is evidence of past competitive interactions between the species, our research does not strongly support the contention that agonistic interactions are currently occurring between mule and white‐tailed deer.
Road salt inputs alter biogeochemistry but not plant community composition in exurban forested wetlands
Authors: Walker Samantha E. , Robbins Gary , Helton Ashley M. , Lawrence Beth A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractForested wetlands of the temperate north are increasingly exposed to deicing salts, but it is unclear how this may alter wetland biogeochemistry and plant community composition. To investigate potential effects of deicing salts on exurban forested wetlands in southern New England, we employed a multi‐site field study to describe spatiotemporal patterns of soil physiochemical, water quality, and vegetation characteristics with distance from road deicing salt source. We surveyed nine road‐adjacent, red maple‐dominated wetlands to quantify a suite of soil parameters (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), heavy metals, N, P, and soil moisture), as well as surface and groundwater salinity, and vegetation communities. With increasing distance from roads along 165‐m transects penetrating into each wetland, soil salinity (EC, Na+) decreased, while soil base cation concentrations (Mg2+, Ca2+) increased, likely due to cation exchange (Na+displacing other base cations). We also measured foliar chemistry and observed elevated Na+and reduced Mg2+of dominant species leaf tissue near roads, suggesting plant nutrient uptake responds to road salt‐related changes in soil physicochemical variables. Despite this, we did not detect differences in plant community composition (ground, shrub layers) along road salt‐induced soil chemistry gradients in the field, likely because surface and groundwater salinities were relatively low (maximum: 0.64 ppt). To determine at which field salinities we could potentially expect changes in wetland plant communities, we conducted a full‐factorial, manipulative seed bank experiment to examine how NaCl concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 parts per thousand (ppt)), frequency of salt exposure (pulse, constant), and water level (surface, 2 cm below surface) affected soil seed bank responses. Seedling richness was reduced at salinities exceeding 1 ppt, and seedling density was reduced above 2 ppt, but pulsing tended to alleviate salt‐induced reductions in seed bank responses. As salinization of freshwater ecosystems continues to increase, our results suggest that field salinity levels of exurban New England forested wetlands are nearing yet still typically below the threshold for which we expect to see strong plant community responses.