bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of Intracellular Vesicles in Cultured Neurons at Different Growth Stages Using Intracellular Vesicle Electrochemical Cytometry
Authors: Zhang Yueyue , Liu Jiangbo , Jing Xinxin , Li Fan , Mao Xiuhai , Li Min 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe exploration of intracellular vesicles plays crucial roles for neuronal activity assessment. Neurons at different growth stages may possess distinct neuronal activity, including vesicular content and release kinetics. Here, we monitored the vesicular content and its release kinetics in neurons at different growth stages by intracellular vesicle electrochemical cytometry. We found that the neurotransmitters content of vesicles changed to be increased and the vesicle release process became longer as the neurons grew. Further, we demonstrated that the vesicular adsorption and rupture modes changed from the dominant simple event to simple and complex event coexisting mode. We speculate that this work provides a new strategy for the neuronal activity assessment or real‐ time cell activity analysis.
Provisional posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with greater severity of eating disorder and comorbid symptoms in adolescents treated in residential care
Authors: Brewerton Timothy D. , Gavidia Ismael , Suro Giulia , Perlman Molly M. , Genet Jessica , Bunnell Douglas W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivePast traumatic events, subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related psychiatric comorbidities are commonly associated with eating disorders (EDs) in adults but remain understudied in adolescents.MethodsAdolescent participants (mean [SD] age = 15.1 ± 1.5 years, 96.5% female) with EDs entering residential treatment (n = 647) at six sites in the United States completed validated self‐report assessments of ED, PTSD, major depression, anxiety disorders and quality of life. Provisional DSM‐5 PTSD diagnoses (PTSD+) were made via the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, admission interviews and the PTSD Symptom Checklist for DSM‐5.ResultsPTSD+ occurred in 35.4% of participants, and those with ED‐PTSD+ had significantly higher scores on all assessments (p ≤ 0.001), including measures of ED psychopathology, major depression, anxiety disorders and quality of life, as well as significantly higher rates of all forms of childhood trauma. Those with PTSD+ also exhibited a significantly higher percent median body mass index for age and sex and a lower propensity toward anorexia nervosa, restricting type.ConclusionsResults confirm that adolescent patients in residential treatment with ED‐PTSD+ are more symptomatic and have worse quality of life than their ED counterparts without PTSD. Integrated treatment approaches that effectively address ED‐PTSD+ are greatly needed in ED programs that treat adolescents.
NMCP‐2 polysaccharide purified from Morchella conica effectively prevents doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by decreasing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial oxidative stress
Authors: Xu Na , Lu Yi , Yao Xinmiao , Zhao Rui , Li Zhebin , Li Jialei , Zhang Yinglei , Li Bo , Zhou Ye , Shen Huifang , Wang Liqun , Chen Kaixin , Yang Li , Lu Shuwen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic used in the clinical treatment of cancer, but its use is limited due to its cardiotoxic effects. Therefore, it is necessary to explore natural compounds that are effective in protecting against the cardiotoxicity caused by DOX. Neutral Morchella conica polysaccharides‐2 (NMCP‐2) is a natural polysaccharide with antioxidant activity that was isolated and purified from Morchella conica in our laboratory's previous study. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of NMCP‐2 on DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity and the potential underlying mechanisms. The model of DOX‐induced H9C2 cells and the model of DOX‐induced mice were used in this study. In in vitro studies of H9C2 myocardial cells, NMCP‐2 effectively increased the activity of H9C2 cells, reducing the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In the mouse model of DOX‐induced chronic cardiotoxicity, NMCP‐2 significantly reduced the cardiac index, reduced the release of serum cardiac enzymes, and improved the pathology of murine myocardial tissues, thereby alleviating DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity. Further mechanism studies showed that pretreatment with NMCP‐2 counteracted the oxidative stress induced by DOX, as indicated by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) production decreased. In addition, we observed NMCP‐2 inhibited the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and regulated the disordered expression of Bcl‐2 and Bax in the myocardial tissues of DOX‐treated mice. These findings indicated that NMCP‐2, a natural bioactive compound, could potentially be used as a food supplement to reduce the cardiotoxicity caused by DOX.
Lottery and bubble stocks and the cross‐section of option‐implied tail risks
Authors: Agarwalla Sobhesh Kumar , Saurav Sumit , Varma Jayanth R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe options smile provides forward‐looking information about the risk at the center of the distribution (ATM‐IV) and at the tails (Skew). We investigate the cross‐sectional determinants of the options smile using indices that capture firm fundamental risks, heterogeneity in belief, lottery characteristics, and bubble characteristics. We find that at‐the‐money (ATM) volatility is explained mainly by historical risks and predicted future risks measured using accounting‐based risk measures and firm characteristics. However, the cross‐sectional variation in the skew is driven by risk premia and by buying and selling pressure, which is influenced by heterogeneity in belief and the underlying's lottery‐like and bubble‐like characteristics.
Neural mechanisms of pain processing differ between endurance athletes and nonathletes: A functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Geisler Maria , Ritter Alexander , Herbsleb Marco , Bär Karl‐Jürgen , Weiss Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPain perception and the ability to modulate arising pain vary tremendously between individuals. It has been shown that endurance athletes possess higher pain tolerance thresholds and a greater effect of conditioned pain modulation than nonathletes, both indicating a more efficient system of endogenous pain inhibition. The aim of the present study was to focus on the neural mechanisms of pain processing in endurance athletes that have not been investigated yet. Therefore, we analyzed the pain processing of 18 male athletes and 19 healthy male nonathletes using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found lower pain ratings in endurance athletes compared to nonathletes to physically identical painful stimulation. Furthermore, brain activations of athletes versus nonathletes during painful heat stimulation revealed reduced activation in several brain regions that are typically activated by nociceptive stimulation. This included the thalamus, primary and secondary somatosensory cortex, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, midcingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and brain stem (BS). Functional connectivity analyses revealed stronger network during painful heat stimulation in athletes between the analyzed brain regions except for connections with the BS that showed reduced functional connectivity in athletes. Post hoc correlation analyses revealed associations of the subject's fitness level and the brain activation strengths, subject's fitness level and functional connectivity, and brain activation strengths and functional connectivity. Together, our results demonstrate for the first time that endurance athletes do not only differ in behavioral variables compared to nonathletes, but also in the neural processing of pain elicited by noxious heat.
Methoxycyclization of 1,5‐Enynes by Coinage Metal Catalysts: Is Gold Always Superior?
Authors: Wodrich Matthew D. , Corminboeuf Clémence 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAu(I) catalysts promote the intramolecular cycloisomerization of 1,n‐enynes, as well as facilitate reactions with alcohols, characteristics that have led to their wide‐spread in the synthesis of complex natural products. Literature reports of Cu and Ag species catalyzing the same or similar reactions are much less common. Here, we utilize molecular volcano plots to assess the activity of 45 coinage metal phosphine/phosphite catalysts possessing a variety of stereoelectronic properties for the methoxycyclization reaction of a prototypical 1,5‐enyne. Our analysis reveals that the intrinsic properties of gold allow it to be coupled with a wide range of ligands, all of which exhibit high catalytic activity. On the other hand, the coupling of silver and copper with more traditional phosphines, such as triphenylphosphine, leads to catalysts with diminished catalytic ability. The activity of Ag and Cu species, however, can be enhanced by appending ligands with strong π‐accepting character, which shifts these species closer to the volcano peak.
The dynamic interdependence in the demand of primary and emergency secondary care: A hidden Markov approach
Authors: Laudicella Mauro , Li Donni Paolo 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThis paper develops an extension of the class of finite mixture models for longitudinal count data to the bivariate case by using a hidden Markov chain approach. The model allows for disentangling unobservable time‐varying heterogeneity from the dynamic effect of utilisation of primary and secondary care and measuring their potential substitution effect. Three points of supports adequately describe the distribution of the latent states suggesting the existence of three profiles of low, medium and high users who shows persistency in their behaviour, but not permanence as some switch to their neighbour's profile.
Dosing Regimen Prediction and Confirmation With Rivaroxaban for Thromboprophylaxis in Children After the Fontan Procedure: Insights From the Phase III UNIVERSE Study
Authors: Zhu Peijuan , Willmann Stefan , Zhou Wangda , Yang Haitao , Michelson Alan D. , McCrindle Brian W. , Li Jennifer S. , Harris Kevin C. , Pina Liza Miriam , Weber Traci , Nessel Kimberly , Lesko Lawrence J. , Kubitza Dagmar , Zannikos Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThrombosis remains an important complication for children with single‐ventricle physiology following the Fontan procedure, and effective thromboprophylaxis is an important unmet medical need. To obviate conventional dose‐finding studies and expedite clinical development, a rivaroxaban dose regimen for this indication was determined using a model‐informed drug development approach. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic rivaroxaban model was used to predict a pediatric dosing regimen that would produce drug exposures similar to that of 10 mg once daily in adults. This regimen was used in an open‐label, multicenter phase III study, which investigated the use of rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis in post‐Fontan patients 2 to 8 years of age. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of rivaroxaban was assessed in part A (n = 12) and in part B (n = 64) of the UNIVERSE study. The safety and efficacy in the rivaroxaban group were compared to those in the acetylsalicylic acid group for 12 months. Pharmacodynamic end points were assessed in both parts of the study. Rivaroxaban exposures achieved in parts A and B were similar to the adult reference exposures. Prothrombin time also showed similarity to the adult reference. Exposure‐response analysis did not identify a quantitative relationship between rivaroxaban exposures and efficacy/safety outcomes within the observed exposure ranges. A body weight–based dose regimen selected by physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling was shown in the UNIVERSE study to be appropriate for thromboprophylaxis in the post‐Fontan pediatric population. Model‐based dose selection can support pediatric drug development and bridge adult dose data to pediatrics, thereby obviating the need for dose‐finding studies in pediatric programs.
Muscle strength and muscle mass as predictors of hospital length of stay in patients with moderate to severe COVID‐19: a prospective observational study
Authors: Gil Saulo , Jacob Filho Wilson , Shinjo Samuel Katsuyuki , Ferriolli Eduardo , Busse Alexandre Leopold , Avelino‐Silva Thiago Junqueira , Longobardi Igor , de Oliveira Júnior Gersiel Nascimento , Swinton Paul , Gualano Bruno , Roschel Hamilton ,   The HCFMUSP COVID‐19 Study Group
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundStrength and muscle mass are predictors of relevant clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, but in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, it remains to be determined. In this prospective observational study, we investigated whether muscle strength or muscle mass are predictive of hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients with moderate to severe COVID‐19 patients.MethodsWe evaluated prospectively 196 patients at hospital admission for muscle mass and strength. Ten patients did not test positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 during hospitalization and were excluded from the analyses.ResultsThe sample comprised patients of both sexes (50% male) with a mean age (SD) of 59 (±15) years, body mass index of 29.5 (±6.9) kg/m2. The prevalence of current smoking patients was 24.7%, and more prevalent coexisting conditions were hypertension (67.7%), obesity (40.9%), and type 2 diabetes (36.0%). Mean (SD) LOS was 8.6 days (7.7); 17.0% of the patients required intensive care; 3.8% used invasive mechanical ventilation; and 6.6% died during the hospitalization period. The crude hazard ratio (HR) for LOS was greatest for handgrip strength comparing the strongest versus other patients (1.47 [95% CI: 1.07–2.03; P = 0.019]). Evidence of an association between increased handgrip strength and shorter hospital stay was also identified when handgrip strength was standardized according to the sex‐specific mean and standard deviation (1.23 [95% CI: 1.06–1.43; P = 0.007]). Mean LOS was shorter for the strongest patients (7.5 ± 6.1 days) versus others (9.2 ± 8.4 days). Evidence of associations were also present for vastus lateralis cross‐sectional area. The crude HR identified shorter hospital stay for patients with greater sex‐specific standardized values (1.20 [95% CI: 1.03–1.39; P = 0.016]). Evidence was also obtained associating longer hospital stays for patients with the lowest values for vastus lateralis cross‐sectional area (0.63 [95% CI: 0.46–0.88; P = 0.006). Mean LOS for the patients with the lowest muscle cross‐sectional area was longer (10.8 ± 8.8 days) versus others (7.7 ± 7.2 days). The magnitude of associations for handgrip strength and vastus lateralis cross‐sectional area remained consistent and statistically significant after adjusting for other covariates.ConclusionsMuscle strength and mass assessed upon hospital admission are predictors of LOS in patients with moderate to severe COVID‐19, which stresses the value of muscle health in prognosis of this disease.
Kinetic analysis of the methanization of the byproducts from OFMSW fermentation
Authors: Jojoa‐Unigarro German D , González‐Martínez Simón 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDDuring anaerobic digestion of wastes, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production has been studied, but little attention has been paid to alcohols and lactic acid. Thermodynamically, lactic acid and alcohols are better substrates to produce methane than other VFA. This research identified the metabolites produced during the fermentation of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and studied their methanization in a second stage. Analysis of the methane production curves is provided and explained according to Gibbʼs free energy of acetogenesis and methanogenesis. Based on the Michaelis–Menten model, a kinetic analysis is presented.RESULTSThe specific methane production of the identified acids and alcohols are acetic acid, 343 NL/kgCOD; ethanol, 296; methanol, 181; butyric acid, 108; lactic acid, 64. Lactic and butyric acids present a long adaptation phase followed by a fast and short methane production. Acetic acid and ethanol finished the reaction in less than 16 h. The highest methane production rates (Vmax) were for butyric acid, methanol, and ethanol with 2136, 1934, and 1928 NmL L–1, respectively. The best affinity (lowest Km) values were for acetic and lactic acids and ethanol with 1.2, 1.9, and 2.0 gCOD L–1.CONCLUSIONTogether, acetic acid and ethanol represent 92% of all fermentation products. No endogenous methane production was observed during the methanization from acetic acid and ethanol. The highest specific methane production belongs to acetic acid (98% of the theoretical) and the lowest corresponds to lactic acid. Except for propionic acid, the methanization of the selected substrates follows the Michaelis and Menten model. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Analysis of the reported use of practice‐based competencies by North American genetic counselors during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Wagner Naomi E. , Witherington Sarah , Waldman Larissa , Ryan Lauren , Hardy Melanie W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGenetic counseling services changed due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Many genetic counselors (GCs) moved from in‐person to telehealth services. Others were redeployed by choice or necessity, using their expertise to provide COVID‐19 care and education. For some, their employment status changed due to budgetary constraints or decreasing referrals. This study surveyed North American GCs to assess the relative use of genetic counseling Practice‐Based Competencies (PBCs) as a proxy for the skills used during the first wave of the pandemic, whether GCs were in their current role or in new or adjusted roles. A secondary aim was to determine whether GCs believe their training should be refocused in view of the workforce shifts posed by the pandemic. The survey comprised closed‐ and open‐ended questions and was completed in full by 97 respondents. The study population was representative of the general genetic counseling workforce in terms of gender, race/ethnicity, age, and practice area when compared to the National Society of Genetic Counselors 2020 Professional Status Survey. Most participants (97.9%) indicated that the COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a change to their work, and 89.7% used at least one PBC at a different frequency than before the pandemic. The most significant change was the adaptation of genetic counseling skills for varied service delivery models: 83.5% of respondents indicated that their roles and responsibilities moved to a remote setting and/or utilized telehealth. The majority of participants felt competent using the PBCs during the pandemic. Major themes that emerged from the qualitative data were as follows: (a) adaptation of service delivery, (b) translation of genetic counseling skills, and (c) provision of psychosocial support. This study highlights practice changes for GCs due to the COVID‐19 pandemic as well as the increased use of, and need for focused training in, varied service delivery models.
Should the world collaborate imminently to develop neglected live‐attenuated vaccines for COVID‐19?
Authors: Chen Ji‐Ming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe rapid spread of the Delta variant suggests that SARS‐CoV‐2 will likely be rampant for months or years and could claim millions of more lives. All the known vaccines cannot well defeat SARS‐CoV‐2 due to their limited efficacy and production efficiency, except for the neglected live‐attenuated vaccines (LAVs), which could have a much higher efficacy and much higher production efficiency than other vaccines. LAVs, like messiahs, have defeated far more pathogenic viruses than other vaccines in history, and most current human vaccines for viral diseases are safe LAVs. LAVs can block completely infection and transmission of relevant viruses and their variants. They can hence inhibit the emergence of vaccine‐escape and virulence‐enhancing variants and protect immunologically abnormal individuals better in general. The safety of COVID‐19 LAVs, which could save millions of more lives, can be solidly guaranteed through animal experiments and clinical trials. The safety of COVID‐19 LAVs could be greatly enhanced with intramuscular or oral administration, or administration along with humanized neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Together, extensive global collaboration, which can greatly accelerate the development of safe COVID‐19 LAVs, is imminently needed.
Evaluation of the correlation between the access SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM and IgG II antibody tests with the SARS‐CoV‐2 surrogate virus neutralization test
Authors: Kitagawa Yutaro , Imai Kazuo , Matsuoka Masaru , Fukada Ai , Kubota Katsumi , Sato Momoko , Takada Tomohito , Noguchi Sakiko , Tarumoto Norihito , Maesaki Shigefumi , Takeuchi Shinichi , Maeda Takuya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFully automated immunoassays for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) antibodies that are strongly correlated with neutralization antibodies (nAbs) are clinically important because they enable the assessment of humoral immunity after infection and vaccination. Access SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) II antibody tests are semi‐quantitative, fully automated immunoassays that detect anti‐receptor‐binding domain (RBD) antibodies and might reflect nAb levels in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, no studies have investigated the clinical utility of these tests in association with nAbs to date.To evaluate the clinical utility of Access SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM and IgG II antibody tests and their correlation with the SARS‐CoV‐2 surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) that measures nAbs in patients with COVID‐19, we analyzed 54 convalescent serum samples from COVID‐19 patients and 89 serum samples from non‐COVID‐19 patients. The presence of anti‐RBD antibodies was detected using Access SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM and IgG II antibody tests, while nAbs were measured by sVNT.The sensitivity and specificity of sVNT were 94.4% and 98.9%, respectively. There were strong positive correlations between the inhibition values of sVNT and the results of the Access SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM (R = 0.95, R2 = 0.90, p < 0.001) and IgG II antibody tests (R = 0.96, R2 = 0.92, p < 0.001). In terms of the presence of nAbs, the sensitivity and specificity were 98.1% and 98.9% in the IgM assay and 100.0% and 100.0% in the IgG II assay, respectively.The Access SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM and IgG II antibody tests showed high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of nAbs in COVID‐19 patients and might be alternatives for measuring nAbs.