bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permutations of Remembrance and (Counter-) Monumentalization: John Mccrae’sin Flanders Fields
Authors: Branach-Kallas Anna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe article engages with the cultural impact of John McCrae’s canonical poem “In Flanders Fields” (1915), and more specifically the permutations of cultural memory and heritage discourse inIn Flanders Fields: 100 Years: Writing on War, Loss and Remembrance, edited by Amanda Betts and published in 2015. It shows how thirteen Canadians explore the revolutionary role of the poem in Canadian collective and individual memory, as well as its omissions and misrepresentations. The article juxtaposes the cultural history of the poem with Wilfred Owen’s “Dulce et Decorum Est” and its contemporary transformations, also showing how selected essays in the collection bridge the First World War with other armed conflicts. Applying Ann Rigney’s terminology, the article approaches the poem as a textual monument, demonstrating how “In Flanders Fields” has evolved from the role of astabilizerin Canadian cultural memory, providing a cultural frame for later recollections, to that of acalibrator, becoming a benchmark for critical reflection on dominant memorial practices.
Corporate Tax Avoidance Practices: An Empirical Evidence from Nigerian Firms
Authors: Adegbite Tajudeen Adejare , Bojuwon Mustapha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study examined the existence of corporate tax avoidance practices among the public listed firms in Nigeria. Secondary data were obtained from annual published reports from selected Nigerian firms listed in Nigeria stock exchange from 2006 to 2017. Panel Data analysis technique was used to analyse the effect of independent variables (Thin capitalization, Leverage, Firms Size, Transfer Pricing, and Intangible Assets) on dependent variable (Corporate Tax Avoidance). The result showed that thin capitalisation, firm size, profitability, leverages, intangible assets, and transfer pricing are significantly related with corporate tax avoidance. Thin capitalisation, profitability and transfer pricing are the primary driver of corporate tax avoidance. It is concluded that there are several corporate tax avoidance practices employed by Nigerian firms to aggressively reduce their corporate tax liabilities in Nigeria.
Epistemic Encounters: Social Sciences and the Rethinking of Urban Planning Policies in the Early 1970s Romania
Authors: Marginean Mara 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article aims to conduct a case study on urban planning models drawn by social scientists in 1970s Romania. It looks at the trans-national channels of knowledge circulation and reconstructs specialists’ role in creating new bridges of cooperation between the first and second world. It also analyzes the gradual re-signification of these ideas locally as part of the socialist state development project. More precisely, it wants to answer three intertwined questions: To what extent did the trans-nationalization of knowledge in the late 1960s determine a particular approach to urban planning in Romania? What does this tell us about local professional practices’ autonomy? Which was the international relevance of Romanian social sciences’ practice? The article contributes to an emerging scholarship on the genealogy of these ideas by placing the transnational debates of the late 1960s and early 1970s consumed under the umbrella of various international organizations, such as the ISA and the UN, in conversation with an intellectual tradition dating back to the interwar period.
Depoliticizing the Firm: Revisiting Employability as a Strategy and a Narrative for High-Skilled and Skilled Workers in an Eastern European City
Authors: Petrovici Norbert , Deneva-Faje Neda 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Our main aim is to unpack the notion of employability as a narrative and as a strategy by contextualising it in an Eastern European setting and by scrutinizing how it is defined and experienced by two different categories of employees: high-skilled and skilled workers. We look at the case of Cluj, a mid-size Romanian town fast developing into an IT hub and a centre of reindustrialization. Drawing on qualitative interviews with employees in the IT and HR sectors, and in medium-sized factories, we argue that personal development and gaining expertise are a successful employability strategy for the highskilled, but make the skilled workers more vulnerable and at risk of becoming redundant. We argue that the employability discourse draws new lines of divisions between employees. By shifting the lens away from the organization and towards the individual worker’s responsibility, the employability discourse depoliticizes the relationship between the employee and the employer.
Soil as an Irreplaceable Production Factor Under Conditions of Slovak Republic
Authors: Bajusová Zuzana , Ladvenicová Jana , Čeryová Dominika , Bullová Tatiana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The economic theory distinguishes mainly three production factors, namely labour, soil, and capital. Soil, as a product of nature, is not a free good – its amount is not unlimited. It can be used for agricultural purposes, as energy and non-energy source, and for minerals. Soil is one of the factors of production and at the same time the most important natural resource. We have used three indicators, namely the degree of plowing, the degree of agricultural use and area of agricultural and arable land per capita. The result of the work was the finding that in the observed period (10 years), the area of agricultural and arable land in Slovakia is decreasing. To improve the situation in agriculture, the following could be done: merging fragmented land into larger units, changes in the system of inheritance or a change in allocation of subsidies. Especially the inhabitants of the territory should support the state buy buying on the domestic market and supporting domestic production.
Development Status in EU Biofuels Market
Authors: Kapustová Zuzana , Kapusta Jaroslav , Boháčiková Andrea , Bielik Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper provides development status in the EU biofuel market by giving a comprehensive picture of production, consumption and production capacity of the first generation biofuels – biodiesel and bioethanol, while giving also insights into issues related to biofuel feedstocks such as crop production and harvested area. Development of crop production and harvested area for the crop products, used as a feedstock in the production of biofuels, have shown the changes in agriculture due to the growing trend of the biofuel sector. Additionally, the increasing production and consumption of biofuels may also affect the prices of agricultural commodities used as a feedstock for bioenergy production.
THE FORMATION OF LINGUISTIC AND EXTRA-LINGUISTIC COMPETENCES FOR HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS IN ACADEMIC WRITING COURSE
Authors: YULINETSKA YULIYA , BABII OKSANA 
Published: April 2021

The acquisition of competencies (knowledge and skills) necessary for a modern professional is impossible according to known models in the context of the formation of a new humanistic paradigm of higher education. The purpose of the study is to highlight the problems of introducing academic writing as an element of academic integrity and as a basic component of academic culture in a modern university, as well as to propose a model for the development of linguistic and extra-linguistic competences while working on the writing of scientific texts in English on the basis of the textbook “Introduction to academic writing” as a way of solving the above-mentioned problems. The article contains an analysis of the scientific fund for updating the methods and forms of organizing the educational process, which involves the acquisition of certain linguistic and extra-linguistic competences by the applicants for higher education. The prerequisites and possibilities for the development of such competences derive from the orientation of education towards the full development of the personality of the future specialist and the support of the principles of academic integrity, paying attention to the mastery of high-quality academic writing skills. It has been established in the study that academic writing is an element of academic culture and is a system in which language is a means of forming a multidimensional set of skills, including both linguistic (syntax, stylistic, etc.) and extralinguistic competences such as logic, objectivity, analysis and synthesis, respect for the ideas and texts of others. The study also identified the essence of the need to observe ethical standards in the institution of higher education and to learn how to formulate and prove one’s own hypotheses and conclusions, to structure the academic text according to the norms of the English language. The essence of the concepts of academic integrity, and academic writing as well as the concepts of linguistic and extra-linguistic competences is also defined. The study provided is supplemented by a structured teaching manual which was developed taking into account the experience of authors of foreign linguistic literature, where among the skills and abilities required by the English-speaking academic environment, the competence to effectively use the various methods of writing essays, describing graphic information, writing scientific article and thesis is indicated.
It is noted in the article that the mentioned skills and abilities are within the most challenging area for applicants and require an approach to learning in which written competence is a key one and the overall learning process is based on the active use of written speech.
RESEARCH OF AWARENESS OF PRINCIPALS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS REGARDING THE PROBLEM OF MANAGEMENT OF PROFESSIONAL ADAPTATION OF TEACHERS
Authors: PROTSENKO IRYNA 
Published: April 2021

In the context of significant socio-economic and information-technological changes taking place in our country today, the problem of personal adaptation comes to the fore. This is essential for the activities of educational organizations, which must also respond quickly to social changes in society, make the necessary changes in the content of education, find new forms of interaction, as they work with the younger generation, which is more open to everything new and considerably faster adapt to social change in comparison with adults. However, the need for changes in the professional activities of teachers and managerial activities of school principals in accordance with the new social requirements suggest that the management of professional adaptation of teachers should be considered as an important area of psychological research. In addition, the new social conditions require the development of new approaches to psychological training of principals of educational organizations, necessitate increasing their psychological competence, in particular, in the field of psychological foundations of teacher professional adaptation management, taking into account external and internal factors influencing this process.
The following theoretical methods were used in the research process: analysis of philosophical, managerial, psychological-pedagogical domestic and foreign pedagogical literature on the research topic to find out the state of development of the problem; empirical: questionnaires. Thus, the data obtained, in our opinion, indicate an insufficient level of psychological training of school leaders on the problems of management of professional adaptation, and the need to implement a special program in this area of management in the institutions of postgraduate pedagogical education.
Biochemical and molecular characterization of proteolytic bacterial strains isolated from Jazan region, KSA with the application as an antibacterial agent
Authors: Al-Thobaiti Bander Mohammed , Abada Emad , El-Gayar Khaled 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
Biochemical and molecular characterization of proteolytic bacterial strains isolated from Jazan region, KSA with the application as an antibacterial agent.

Materials and Methods:
Three samples were collected from extreme environment, Jazan, KSA. Skim milk nutrient agar medium was used for protease screening for several colonies by streaking method at 37°C. API biochemical kit was used to characterize the three isolates using some selective media. The genetic identification was done using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The sensitivity of the tested strains;Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae against the extracellular crude protease enzyme produced from the three isolated bacteria and different antibiotics was done.

Results:
The isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus cereus. B. cereus and B. licheniformis recorded high sensitivity (71%) against most antibiotics, in addition, B. subtilis showed resistance to Aztreonam only. It was found a considerable increase in the level of both of protease activity (units/ml) and bacterial growth (colony-forming units/ml) of the cultures that were directed by the B. subtilis and B. licheniformis up to 37°C then decreased at 45°C. On the contrary, the growth of B. cereus and its activity gradually increased up to 45°C. The enzyme activity and bacterial growth of B. subtilis and B. cereus strains were increased at alkaline medium. However, B. licheniformis gave the highest growth and activity at neutral pH. In addition, it was found that the enzyme activity and bacterial growth of B. subtilis were reached to the maximum at 5% NaCl. However, the maximum bacterial growth and enzyme activity for B. licheniformis and B. cereus was at 2% NaCl. It was found high effect on inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria using 5 μl of crude enzyme with specific enzyme activity 73, 76, and 92 (units/ml)/(mg protein/ml) for B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, and B. cereus, respectively. All pathogenic bacteria were totally inhibited with 10 μl of crude enzyme.

Conclusion:
The potential Bacillus proteases can promote new industry as antimicrobial agents.
Intradural extramedullary tuberculoma of the thoracic spine – A rare case report of paraparesis
Authors: Kangabam Boris , Amataleima Thokchom , Amitkumar Mayanglambam , Umesh Takhelmayum 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Intradural extramedullary tuberculoma of the spinal cord (IETSC) is an extremely rare form of spinal tuberculosis (TB) that is believed to be due to a host’s immune reaction against the Mycobacterium protein derivatives.

Case Description:
A 25-year-old male with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, and disseminated TB on antitubercular therapy for the past 8 months, presented with paraplegia of 2 months duration. When the MRI spine revealed multiple peripheral rim enhancing intradural extramedullary lesions from T6 to T8 and dorsally from T10 to T11, the patient was diagnosed with IETSC. At surgery, we countered cystic lesions adherent to the dura and the spinal cord, containing a whitish material. Postoperatively, the patient showed clinical improvement in motor power and sensation.

Conclusion:
Intradural extramedullary spinal tuberculomas in patients with a history of TB and spinal cord compression, although rare, should be considered among the differential diagnoses.
Coil embolization of subarachnoid hemorrhage with ruptured persistent primitive olfactory artery aneurysm
Authors: Yamaki Tetsu , Kondo Rei , Sano Kenshi , Honma Hiroshi , Kuge Atsushi , Saito Shinjiro , Sonoda Yukihiko 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Persistent primitive olfactory artery (PPOA) is a rare anomaly of the anterior cerebral artery. We experienced a rare case of subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured saccular aneurysm of PPOA.

Case Description:
A 72-year-old man was transported to our hospital with sudden headache. On examination, World Federation of Neurological Surgeons scale was Grade I, and computed tomography of the head showed subarachnoid hemorrhage in Fisher Group 3. Cerebral angiography showed left PPOA and a 4-mm saccular aneurysm at the hairpin turn. No other abnormalities causing bleeding were observed. Based on these findings, subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured PPOA aneurysm was diagnosed. As the patient had a ventilatory defect due to emphysema, direct approach to the lesion would have been difficult and an endovascular surgery was performed. Three coils were inserted into the aneurysm, and complete occlusion was achieved. Cerebral vasospasm was not observed, and the patient was discharged 1 month after surgery without any neurologic deficit.

Conclusion:
Most aneurysms of the PPOA are formed at the hairpin turn, as observed in our patient; therefore, a hemodynamic mechanism may be involved in the etiology. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on treatment using intra-aneurysmal coil embolization, indicating that ours was the first case. As the long-term outcome of intra-aneurysmal coil embolization for PPOA aneurysm is unknown, careful follow-up will be necessary in the future.
Occipitofrontal switch for correction of anterior plagiocephaly planned through virtual mock surgery
Authors: Chattopadhyay Debarati , Vathulya Madhubari , Jayaprakash Praveen , Kapoor Akshay , Verma Vaishali , Arora Rajnish 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Unilateral coronal synostosis causing anterior plagiocephaly can result in restricted brain development and severe facial deformities. Various surgical procedures have been described for the correction of this deformity. Cranial vault remodeling, however, is associated with several complications. Occipitofrontal switching is a novel technique which utilizes a part of the contralateral occipital bone to reconstruct the frontal area. This is the first such case reported from India and first report where virtual mock surgery has been utilized for precision and improving outcome in this elegant procedure.

Case Description:
A 5-year-old girl presented with left anterior plagiocephaly. 3D image of her skull was reconstructed using Geomagic Freeform software (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC). Measurements were accurately drawn and the procedure was practised virtually before performing the occipitofrontal switch on the patient. There were minimal blood loss and postoperative morbidity. One year follow-up of the patient showed optimal correction of the defect in the forehead region, symmetrical shape of the frontal and occipital region and symmetrical brows.

Conclusion:
The technique of occipitofrontal switch for correction of anterior plagiocephaly is an elegant procedure with good functional and aesthetic outcome.
Comparatıve assessment of thermal ınjury ınduced by bıpolar electrocautery systems ın a porcıne model
Authors: Roy Anil K. , Turan Nefize , Wangmo Pasang , Nkrumah Louis , Neill Stewart G. , Pradilla Gustavo 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Bipolar electrocautery systems used during neurosurgical procedures have been shown to induce thermal injury to surrounding tissue. The goal of this study was to compare the thermal injury induced by two different systems commonly used in neurosurgical procedures (Silverglide by Stryker Corporation and SpetzlerMalis by Codman Neuro), with that of a newly introduced device (TRIOwand by NICO Corporation).

Methods:
A farm swine underwent craniectomy and durotomy with subsequent exposure of cortical brain tissue. Electrocoagulation for the duration of 3 s was conducted with three different bipolar systems under comparable power settings. The maximal depth of thermal injury and mean area of injury in Hematoxylin and Eosin stained slides were quantified using Image J. The tissues were evaluated for vacuolization and ischemic damage. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test was utilized for statistical analysis. Alpha level was set at 0.05.

Results:
TRIOwand lesions showed less depth of injury when compared to both Spetzler-Malis (P < 0.001) and Silverglide lesions (P = 0.048). Silverglide lesions showed significantly less depth of injury when compared to SpetzlerMalis lesions (P < 0.001). The injury area induced by the TRIOwand was significantly less than that of Spetzler-Malis (P < 0.001) and Silverglide systems (P < 0.001). Ischemic changes and vacuolization were seen in all three groups.

Conclusion:
Thermal damage is induced to varying extents by all bipolar systems. In this porcine model and under the conditions tested, bipolar cauterization with the TRIOwand resulted in less depth and decreased mean area of injury. Further studies are needed to characterize the injury caused by different bipolar systems with other settings and under surgical conditions in humans.
Pediatric spinal infection with epidural abscess: A report of two cases
Authors: Shoji Ryo , Miyakoshi Naohisa , Hongo Michio , Kasukawa Yuji , Ishikawa Yoshinori , Kudo Daisuke , Ishikawa Noriyuki , Hatakeyama Yuji , Misawa Akiko , Sakamoto Hitoshi , Shimada Yoichi 
Published: April 2021

Background:Pediatric spinal infections are rare and often accompanied by abscesses. Delayed diagnosis commonly leads to a poor neurological prognosis, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and treatment.Case Description:We report on two cases of spinal infection; one in a 5-year-old boy with a T8-11 epidural abscess and one in a 10-year-old boy with an L5-S1 epidural abscess. Both cases improved with conservative therapy.Conclusion:Early magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis and systemic treatment in collaboration with pediatricians are key factors in the successful management of children with spinal infections.
Minimally invasive resection of pediatric osteoid osteomas: A report of two cases
Authors: Page Paul Samuel , Collins Matthew , Stadler James Andrew 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Spinal osteoid osteomas (OOs) are common benign bone tumors that most frequently affect the posterior elements. They occasionally (e.g., 10% of the time) necessitate surgical resection for intractable pain. Given their small size and posterior positions, many may be amenable to minimally invasive surgical approaches.

Case Description:
We describe two cases of spinal OOs involving patients 11 and 17 years of age with lesions, respectively, at T7 and C4.

Conclusion:
Minimally invasive approaches for resection of small bony spinal OOs are safe and technically achievable approaches.
Use of plasma albumin, hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase enzyme as predictive markers of treatment failure in HIV-1 infected individuals in federal medical center, Lokoja, Nigeria
Authors: Paul I Emeje  , Chinedum C Onyenekwe  , Nkiruka R. Ukibe  , Joseph E. Ahaneku  , Ofia A. Kalu  , Nosakhare O. Osakue  , Uchenna M. Ezugwu  , Ezinne G. Ukibe  
Published: April 2021

This was a cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the use of albumin, hepatic lipase (HL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzyme as predictive markers of treatment failure in HIV-1 infected individuals. 154 participants {40 (group A), 35 (group B) on antiretroviral drugs (Test group) and 79 (group C) HIV naive participants (Control group)} aged 18 and 65 years were randomly recruited. Blood sample was collected from each test participant 6 months apart and once from control for determination of Albumin, HL, LPL, viral load (VL), CD4+ cells count. VL was significantly decreased while, Albumin, HL and LPL activities were significantly higher in test participants when compared with control P ≤ 0.05 respectively). Biochemical markers in test participants at 6 months of therapy were significantly lower compared with 12 months of therapy (P ≤ 0.05). Albumin and VL correlated positively with CD4 count while, lamivudine, nevirapine, tenofovir, HL, LPL correlated strongly and negatively with VL (P < 0.05 respectively). The high sensitivities and positive predictive value of albumin showed their predictive superiority over CD4+ count, HL, LPL and antiretroviral drug concentrations.The study thus, concludes that hypoalbuminemia with decreased HL and LPL activities were associated with unsuppressed viral load above 1000 copies/ml. This suggests that albumin; HL and LPL are good biochemical markers for prediction of treatment failure or success in participants on antiretroviral drugs.