bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
$\omega\sigma$-веерные классы Фиттинга
Authors: Камозина Олеся Владимировна 
Published: January 2021

Рассматриваются только конечные группы. Класс групп $\mathfrak F$ называется классом Фиттинга, если он замкнут относительно нормальных подгрупп и произведений нормальных $\mathfrak F$-подгрупп; формацией, если он замкнут относительно фактор-групп и подпрямых произведений; формацией Фиттинга, если $\mathfrak F$ является формацией и классом Фиттинга одновременно.Для непустого подмножества $\omega$ множества простых чисел $\mathbb P$ и разбиения$\sigma =\{\sigma_i\mid i\in I\}$, где $\mathbb P=\cup_{i\in I}\sigma_i$ и $\sigma_i\cap\sigma_j=\varnothing$ для всех$i\not =j$, в работе вводятся $\omega\sigma R$-функция $f$ и $\omega\sigma FR$-функция $\varphi$. Областью определения данных функций является множество $\omega\sigma\cup\{\omega'\}$, где$\omega\sigma=\{ \omega\cap\sigma_i\mid\omega\cap\sigma_i\not =\varnothing\}$,$\omega'=\mathbb P\setminus\omega$. Областью значений функций является множество классов Фиттинга и множество непустых формаций Фиттинга соответственно. С помощью функций $f$ и $\varphi$ определяется$\omega\sigma$-веерный класс Фиттинга $\mathfrak F=\omega\sigma R(f,\varphi )=(G: O^\omega (G)\in f(\omega' )$ и $G^{\varphi (\omega\cap\sigma_i )}\in f(\omega\cap\sigma_i )$ для всех $\omega\cap\sigma_i \in\omega\sigma (G))$ с$\omega\sigma$-спутником $f$ и $\omega\sigma$-направлением $\varphi$.В работе приведены примеры $\omega\sigma$-веерных классов Фиттинга. Выделены два вида $\omega\sigma$-веерных классов Фиттинга: $\omega\sigma$-полные и $\omega\sigma$-локальные классы Фиттинга. Их направления обозначены $\varphi_0$ и $\varphi_1$ соответственно. Показано, что каждый непустой неединичный класс Фиттинга является $\omega\sigma$-полным классом Фиттинга для некоторого непустого множества$\omega\subseteq\mathbb P$ и любого разбиения $\sigma$. Получен ряд свойств $\omega\sigma$-веерных классов Фиттинга. В частности, дано определение внутреннего$\omega\sigma$-спутника и показано, что каждый $\omega\sigma$-веерный класс Фиттинга всегда обладает внутренним $\omega\sigma$-спутником. При $\omega=\mathbb P$ введено понятие $\sigma$-веерного класса Фиттинга. Показана связь между $\omega\sigma$-веерными и $\sigma$-веерными классами Фиттинга.
Лемма о компактности в непериодических структурах и ее применении при усреднении уравнений диффузии-конвекции
Authors: Мейрманов Анварбек Мукатович , Гальцев Олег Владимирович 
Published: January 2021

В работе доказывается сильная компактность последовательности $\{\tilde{c}^{\,\varepsilon}(\boldsymbol{x},t)\}$ в $\mathbb{L}_{2}(\Omega_{T})$,$\Omega_{T}=\Omega\times(0,T)$, $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^{3}$, ограниченную в пространстве $\mathbb{W}^{1,0}_{2}(\Omega_{T})$ с последовательностью производных по времени$\left\{ \displaystyle \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\big(\chi(\boldsymbol{x},t,\frac{\boldsymbol{x}}{\varepsilon})\tilde{c}^{\,\varepsilon}(\boldsymbol{x},t)\big) \right\}$ ограниченной в пространстве $\mathbb{L}_{2}\big((0,T);\mathbb{W}^{-1}_{2}(\Omega)\big)$,где характеристическая функция $\chi(\boldsymbol{x},t,\boldsymbol{y})$ есть 1-периодическая в $\displaystyle \boldsymbol{y}\in Y=\left(-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\right)^{3}\subset \mathbb{R}^{3}$.В качестве приложения рассмотрим усреднение уравнения диффузии-конвекции в непериодической структуре, заданной 1-периодической в $\boldsymbol{y}$ характеристической функцией $\chi(\boldsymbol{x},t,\boldsymbol{y})$ с последовательностью бездивергентных скоростей $\{\boldsymbol{v}^{\varepsilon}(\boldsymbol{x},t)\}$, слабо сходящейся в $\mathbb{L}_{2}(\Omega_{T})$.
Н. М. Коробов, В. И. Нечаев, С. Б. Стечкин, Н. М. Добровольский и возрождение Тульской школы теории чисел
Authors: Реброва Ирина Юрьевна , Чубариков Владимир Николаевич 
Published: January 2021

В работе приводятся многие неизвестные факты из истории Тульской школы теории чисел. Показано, что основную роль в возрождении Тульской школы теории чисел сыграли профессора Н. М. Коробов, В. И. Нечаев, С. Б. Стечкин, Н.~М.~Добровольский.Раскрывается роль этих основных участников в возрождении в Туле научной школы по теории чисел. Приводятся различные подробности взаимоотношений между этими участниками процесса возрождения Тульской школы теории чисел.Для характеризации деятельности Тульской научной школы по теории чисел после её возрождения приводится обзор основных направлений её работы за последние 45 лет и краткое описание проделанных работ. Дается библиография основных научных публикаций по теоретико-числовому методу в приближенном анализе Н. М. Коробова и Н.~М.~Добровольского, на которых базировалось возрождение Тульской школы теории чисел и её функционирование последние 45 лет.
Changes in Albuminuria Predict Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the LEADER Trial
Authors: Persson Frederik , Bain Stephen C. , Mosenzon Ofri , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Mann Johannes F.E. , Pratley Richard , Raz Itamar , Idorn Thomas , Rasmussen Søren , von Scholten Bernt Johan , Rossing Peter 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE
A post hoc analysis to investigate the association between 1-year changes in albuminuria and subsequent risk of cardiovascular and renal events.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
LEADER was a randomized trial of liraglutide up to 1.8 mg/day versus placebo added to standard care for 3.5–5 years in 9,340 participants with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk. We calculated change in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) from baseline to 1 year in participants with &gt;30% reduction (n = 2,928), 30–0% reduction (n = 1,218), or any increase in UACR (n = 4,124), irrespective of treatment. Using Cox regression, risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and a composite nephropathy outcome (from 1 year to end of trial in subgroups by baseline UACR [&lt;30 mg/g, 30–300 mg/g, or ≥300 mg/g]) were assessed. The analysis was adjusted for treatment allocation alone as a fixed factor and for baseline variables associated with cardiovascular and renal outcomes.

RESULTS
For MACE, hazard ratios (HRs) for those with &gt;30% and 30–0% UACR reduction were 0.82 (95% CI 0.71, 0.94; P = 0.006) and 0.99 (0.82, 1.19; P = 0.912), respectively, compared with any increase in UACR (reference). For the composite nephropathy outcome, respective HRs were 0.67 (0.49, 0.93; P = 0.02) and 0.97 (0.66, 1.43; P = 0.881). Results were independent of baseline UACR and consistent in both treatment groups. After adjustment, HRs were significant and consistent in &gt;30% reduction subgroups with baseline micro- or macroalbuminuria.

CONCLUSIONS
A reduction in albuminuria during the 1st year was associated with fewer cardiovascular and renal outcomes, independent of treatment. Albuminuria monitoring remains an important part of diabetes care, with great unused potential.
Optimasi Metode Ekstraksi DNA pada Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Berdasarkan Suhu, Lama Inkubasi, dan Kondisi Daun
Authors: Retnaningati Dewi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract Melon is a fruit commodity that has high economic value and is in demand by the community, so it has the potential to be developed. Therefore it is necessary to study various sciences, one of which is the molecular approach. DNA is an essential element in molecular research. The right extraction technique will determine the quality and quantity of DNA produced. The temperature and incubation time applied in the DNA extraction technique, as well as the quality of the leaves as a source of plant DNA, are among the determining factors for the quality and quantity of extracted DNA, so it is necessary to carry out an assessment and optimization. This study aims to assess the optimal temperature and incubation time in extracting DNA from material (melon leaves) under different conditions. Research activities include planting melon seeds, collecting leaf samples, DNA extraction and quantitative DNA testing. The results showed that the concentration and purity of DNA extracted from cold leaves was higher than that from fresh leaves. The highest DNA concentration was obtained from the 65 ° C incubation treatment for 20 minutes, namely 2707.6 ng / μl, and the highest DNA purity was obtained from the 70 ° C incubation treatment for 10 minutes, namely 1.94 from leaf material that had been cooled overnight at a temperature of -20 ° C . Abstrak Melon merupakan salah satu komoditas buah yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi dan diminati masyarakat, sehingga potensial untuk dikembangkan. Oleh karenanya perlu pengkajian dari berbagai ilmu salah satunya dengan pendekatan molekuler. DNA merupakan unsur yang cukup esensial dalam riset molekuler. Teknik ekstraksi yang tepat sangat menentukan kualitas dan kuantitas DNA yang dihasilkan. Suhu dan lama inkubasi yang diterapkan dalam teknik ekstraksi DNA, serta kualitas daun sebagai sumber DNA tanaman merupakan salah satu faktor penentu kualitas dan kuantitas DNA hasil ekstraksi, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengkajian dan optimasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji suhu dan lama inkubasi yang optimal dalam mengekstraksi DNA dari bahan (daun melon) dengan kondisi yang berbeda. Kegiatan penelitian meliputi penanaman benih melon, koleksi sampel daun, ekstraksi DNA dan uji kuantitatif DNA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi dan kemurnian DNA hasil ekstraksi dari daun dingin lebih tinggi dibandingkan dari daun segar. Konsentrasi DNA tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan inkubasi 65°C selama 20 menit, yaitu 2707.6 ng/μl, dan kemurnian DNA tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan inkubasi 70°C selama 10 menit, yaitu 1.94 dari bahan daun yang sudah didinginkan semalaman pada suhu -20°C.
Small Prose Constants by F. Sologub
Authors: Osipova О. I. 
Published: January 2021

The question of constants in the short prose of F. Sologub is considered. Special attention is paid to the iconic cycle of stories in the work of the author. The results of the analysis of motives, chronotope, recurring elements of the plot and the system of characters in the cycles “The Sting of Death” and “Unkind Lady” are presented. It is shown with the help of comparative and intertextual methods that in the stories of the cycles the constant binary opposition of a meaningless, cruel life and a consoling death is embodied, the hero’s dreams of death determine the meaninglessness of being. It has been proved that time and partly space in the stories of the cycles are binary organized, but this is not the duality of this and other worlds: the hero does not go beyond the boundaries of this world, but the time and space of this world change under the influence of the altered consciousness of the hero. The author dwells on the analysis of motivational complexes that also represent oppositions, which allows us to conclude that there are constant signs of Sologub’s artistic world. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that modern comprehension of classical works using a new technique made it possible to see the internal complex interconnection of texts, to find explicit and implicit signs of interaction between cycles.
Prishvin and Trotsky: a Man “like a pharmacist” in the novel “The World Cup”, journalism and the Writer’s Diary
Authors: Podoksenov A. M. , Telkova V. A. 
Published: January 2021

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the subject of the article is the question of the influence of L. D. Trotsky [Bronstein], who was one of the key leaders of Bolshevism, who headed the October Revolution, on the worldview and creativity of M. M. Prishvin, which has not yet been considered in the European studies. It is shown that in Russian art it is difficult to find an artist of the word, whose work would be to the same extent conditioned by the influence of the ideological and political context. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to show how, through individual characters in his works, Prishvin in an artistic and figurative form reflected the characteristic features of behavior, everyday habits, the style of thinking and speech of Trotsky. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of previously unpublished due to censorship restrictions of the writer’s works: the story “The World Cup”, journalism of the revolutionary years and the 18-volume Diary, which became available to the reader only in the post-Soviet period. It is shown that, depicting Trotsky as a “pharmacist” who, according to his recipes, is trying to create the future of a huge country, Prishvin seeks not only to artistically reflect his moral appearance and personality traits, but also to convey the features of the ideological and political struggle in Soviet society.
Features of the Political Development of Iraq in 2003—2020: the Formation of a New Elite
Authors: Mamedov R. Sh. , Sapronova M. A. 
Published: January 2021

The features of recruiting the political elite of Iraq after the overthrow of the regime of President Saddam Hussein in 2003 are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the processes of elite formation in the Middle East during the period of regional transformations. The key mechanisms and principles of the formation of the Iraqi political elite within the framework of the emerging post-Saddam political system have been identified. It is shown that the political leaders who came into power with the support of the Americans until 2003 were the “counter-elite” of S. Hussein, therefore participation in the opposition movements became an important criterion for recruiting. Special attention is paid to the informal (traditional) principles of recruiting the new elite, which have become the main mechanism of this process. In particular, the following principles are described: “muhassasa taifiyya”, which assumes the distribution of political positions in accordance with the share of ethno-confessional groups in the general population, clan solidarity, and religious institutions. It is emphasized that the role of Shiite religious structures, including spiritual leaders, and their influence on the formation of the political elite have significantly increased compared to the pre-occupation period.
Tatar Population of Western Siberia in the Second Half of the XIX — First Third of the XX Centuries: Historical and Demographic Characteristics
Authors: Tychinskikh Z. A. 
Published: January 2021

The dynamics of urbanization processes among the Tatar population of Western Siberia during the second half of the 19th — first third of the 20th centuries is considered on the basis of the materials of the First General Census of the Population of the Russian Empire in 1897 and the All-Union Census of 1926. The main attention in the article is paid to the factors that influenced urbanization processes, among which are the bourgeois reforms of the second half of the 19th century, the Stolypin reform of the early 20th century, as well as the policy of the emerging Soviet state in the 20s of the 20th century. The results of a comparative analysis with the general situation in the country in the study period for the Tatar and Russian population are presented. The question is raised about the role and place of Tatar migrants from the Volga and Ural regions in the cities of Western Siberia. Particular attention is paid to the demographic indicators of urbanization processes, identifying the features of their course. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the process of the formation of the urban Tatar population in the second half of the 19th — the first third of the 20th centuries is for the first time considered in historical dynamics. The relevance of the study is due to the poor study of the topic.
Process of Distribution and Conditions for the Opening of Stationary Cinemas in the Cities of the Tobolsk Province at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Yunina E. A. 
Published: January 2021

On the basis of archival materials introduced into scientific circulation, analysis of regional periodicals, reference books, normative acts and published data, the history of the emergence and spread of stationary cinematic theaters in the Tobolsk province is traced. The administrative and institutional aspect of their opening is considered. Particular attention is paid to preparatory work, technical and construction rules and conditions for the official acceptance of buildings, fire safety measures of pre-revolutionary cinematographs, toponymy and their localization in the socio-cultural space of cities. The article provides information on the social and professional affiliation of the owners of the electric theaters. It is concluded that the positive dynamics of the founding of cinematographs in the studied region, characterized by speed and continuity, refers to the period 1909—1916. The organization of a network of cinemas in the provincial cities of the West Siberian part of Russia was associated with the work of provincial institutions, municipal authorities, and police officers. The functioning of these public institutions was systematically monitored by the officials of these departments, who were guided by the technical normative legal acts adopted in the empire that regulate the conditions for keeping cinemas. The development of cinematography was an important indicator of the innovative trends taking place in the leisure segment of the everyday life of citizens.
Reism, Concretism and Schopenhauer Diagrams
Authors: Lemanski Jens , Dobrzański Michał 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Reism or concretism are the labels for a position in ontology and semantics that is represented by various philosophers. As Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz and Jan Woleński have shown, there are two dimensions with which the abstract expression of reism can be made concrete: The ontological dimension of reism says that only things exist; the semantic dimension of reism says that all concepts must be reduced to concrete terms in order to be meaningful. In this paper we argue for the following two theses: (1) Arthur Schopenhauer has advocated a reistic philosophy of language which says that all concepts must ultimately be based on concrete intuition in order to be meaningful. (2) In his semantics, Schopenhauer developed a theory of logic diagrams that can be interpreted by modern means in order to concretize the abstract position of reism. Thus we are not only enhancing Jan Woleński’s list of well-known reists, but we are also adding a diagrammatic dimension to concretism, represented by Schopenhauer.
Essentials of Semantic Syntax
Authors: Seuren Pieter 
Published: January 2021

Semantic Syntax (SeSyn), originally called Generative Semantics, is an offshoot of Chomskyan generative grammar (ChoGG), rejected by Chomsky and his school in the late 1960s. SeSyn is the theory of algorithmical grammars producing the well-formed sentences of a language L from the corresponding semantic input, the Semantic Analysis (SA), represented as a traditional tree structure diagram in a specific formal language of incremental predicate logic with quantifying and qualifying operators (including the truth functions), and with all lexical items filled in. A SeSyn-type grammar is thus by definition transformational, but not generative. The SA originates in cognition in a manner that is still largely mysterious, but its actual form can be distilled from the Surface Structure (SS) of the sentences of L following the principles set out in SeSyn. In this presentation we provide a more or less technical résumé of the SeSyn theory. A comparison is made with ChoGG-type grammars, which are rejected on account of their intrinsic unsuitability as a cognitive-realist grammar model. The ChoGG model follows the pattern of a 1930s neopositivist Carnap-type grammar for formal logical languages. Such grammars are random sentence generators, whereas, obviously, (nonpathological) humans are not. A ChoGG-type grammar is fundamentally irreconcilable with a mentalist-realist theory of grammar. The body of the paper consists in a demonstration of the production of an English and a French sentence, the latter containing a classic instance of the cyclic rule of Predicate Raising (PR), essential in the general theory of clausal complementation yet steadfastly repudiated in ChoGG for reasons that have never been clarified. The processes and categories defined in SeSyn are effortlessly recognised in languages all over the world, whether indigenous or languages of a dominant culture—taking into account language-specific values for the general theoretical parameters involved. This property makes SeSyn particularly relevant for linguistic typology, which now ranks as the most promising branch of linguistics but has so far conspicuously lacked an adequate theoretical basis.
KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA DIKAJI DARI SELF CONFIDENCE
Authors: Putri Tjut Aflianti Eka , Jamiah Yulis , Sayu Sivia 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research is to describe the mathematical communication skills of students assessed from self confidence in the material system of two-variable linear equations in SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak. The method in this research is descriptive research method with survey research. The sample of the research were the students of IX A SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak. Research subjects were 28 students. From the results of the self confidence questionnaire, obtained data of 6 students having a low level of self confidence and 22 students having a high level of self confidence. In addition to administering questionnaires, students were also given mathematical communication skills test and interview questions. From the results of tests and interviews obtained written mathematical communication skills of subjects with low levels of self confidence can fulfill one of the four indicators of mathematical communication skills. While the verbal mathematical communication skills of subjects with low self confidence levels can fulfill two of the four indicators of mathematical communication skills. In addition, subjects with high levels of self confidence can fulfill all indicators of mathematical communication skills both in writing and verbal.Keywords: Mathematical Communication, Self Confidence
MISKONSEPSI SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL HIMPUNAN BERDASARKAN TAHAPAN MASON
Authors: Melianti Andy Dwi , Yusmin Edy , Nursangaji Asep 
Published: January 2021

There are facts obtained through interviews and observations of students' answers that the VII grade students of SMP LKIA Pontianak are suspected of having misconceptions. Based on theses facts, the purpose of this research is to reveal the form of misconception based on Mason stages and the causes of the misconception. The subjects involved in this research were fifteen students. This research is a case study research with a descriptive method. Data collection tools used modified CRI diagnostic tests and interviews. Based on data analysis, the misconceptions experienced by students in completing set operations consisted of notation misconceptions, generalization and specialization. Researchers found out of the three forms of misconception, the most common is notation misconception. In the problem solving stage according to Mason consists of three stages, namely entry, attack, and review, students who experience misconceptions in two stages, namely at the entry stage, students experience notation misconceptions and at the review stage, students experience misconceptions of notation, generalization, and specialization. Researchers found the causes of misconceptions consisted of three factors, namely students' associative thinking, incomplete / wrong reasoning, and wrong intuition. Researchers found out of the three forms of misconception, the most common is wrong intuition. Keyword: Causes of Misconceptions, Mason Stages, Misconceptions