bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecotype‐specific effects of fungal endophytes on germination responses of seeds of the South American wild forage grass Bromus auleticus
Authors: Stefanoni‐Rubio Pablo J. , Gundel Pedro E. , Novas María V. , Iannone Leopoldo J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBromus auleticus is a winter wild species with promissory characteristics for domestication as forage that inhabits temperate‐warm grasslands from a wide region from South America. Populations from regions with different environmental conditions are considered as ecotypes and are associated with different seedborne Epichloë fungal endophytes. Association with Epichloë provides B. auleticus with increased growth capacity and resistance against pathogens. The seeds mature at the end of spring and germinate in autumn, remaining dormant during wet and warm summer. As the persistence of Epichloë endophytes in the seed is highly sensitive to temperature and humidity, we studied how the endophytes modulate seed germination in response to these factors in two B. auleticus ecotypes named La Pampa (LP) and El Palmar (EP). We also studied how environmental factors during germination affect endophyte survival. In the LP ecotype, adapted to coldest temperatures in autumn, Epichloë improved final germination under alternating temperatures, but had no effects on germination inhibition imposed by low water availability. In the EP ecotype, adapted to warm humid summer and autumn, the endophyte promoted germination at constant 25°C and alternating 15/25°C temperatures, and prevented germination at low water potentials. At 30°C, seed germination was inhibited and whereas seeds remained viable, endophyte survival was significantly lowered. The effect of Epichloë on B. auleticus seed germination was ecotype‐specific: promoting germination at alternating temperatures in La Pampa ecotype or at high temperatures in El Palmar ecotype, while inhibiting it at low water availabilities, could be an endophyte‐mediated ecotypic strategy minimising endophyte mortality and increasing seedling establishment.
A nationwide nested case‐control study of new‐onset obsessive‐compulsive disorder following antipsychotics use in schizophrenia
Authors: Park Chun Il , Han Minkyung , Jung Inkyung , Kim Eun Hwa , Kang Jee In , Kim Se Joo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveA substantial proportion of patients with schizophrenia suffer from comorbid obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) possibly associated with antipsychotics. However, little is known about the comparative risks of the antipsychotics. The present study aimed to investigate the risk of new‐onset OCD following the initiation of different antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia relative to haloperidol.MethodsUsing the Korean national claims data, patients aged 15–60 years newly diagnosed with schizophrenia between 2010 and 2018 were identified. Of the 47,808 patients with schizophrenia treated with nine commonly prescribed antipsychotics, 775 new‐onset OCD patients were matched to 3,100 patients without OCD using nested case‐control design with 1:4 case‐control matching based on the sex, age of index date, date of schizophrenia diagnosis, observation period, locations of medical institutions, and level of medical facilities. Using multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis, odd ratios (ORs) for new‐onset OCD comparing each antipsychotic agent relative to haloperidol were computed.ResultsThe risk for new‐onset OCD during treatment with clozapine was significantly higher than that with haloperidol (adjusted OR 2.86; 95% confidence interval [1.63–5.03]). The risks for new‐onset OCD with other antipsychotics were not significantly different from that with haloperidol. In subgroup analysis, the early and intermediate, but not late‐onset schizophrenia group showed significant risk for OCD associated with clozapine use.ConclusionThe present findings, based on real‐world national representative data, provide reliable evidence for the risk of new‐onset OCD in patients with schizophrenia receiving clozapine at a population level.
Institutional Environment, State Ownership and Family Business Succession: Evidence from China*
Authors: Yang Baili , Song Zengji , Feng Yedong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe examine the impact of the lack of institutional environment on the succession of family businesses and explore the moderating role of state ownership in the relationship. The empirical results show that in areas with poor institutional environment, it is more difficult for family business to inherit from generation to generation. State ownership in a family business can be used as an informal system to mitigate the negative impact of an imperfect institutional environment on succession. We also find that when state ownership comes from the local government or participates in corporate governance, its moderating effect is more significant.
City‐State Ideological Incongruence and Municipal Preemption
Authors: Barber Michael , Dynes Adam M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA growing concern among municipal officials across the United States is that their policymaking capacity is under attack by state legislatures who are increasingly likely to preempt those municipalities. However, determining the extent to which municipalities are preempted is challenging. We overcome this by surveying a large sample of municipal officials from across the United States. We find that officials from municipalities that are more ideologically distant from their state overall are more likely to report being preempted by their state government. Moreover, this pattern is driven by more liberal municipalities in both Republican and Democratic states reporting higher rates of preemption. Additionally, municipalities under unified state governments are more likely to report preemption, especially those under unified Republican control. These findings have important implications for the quality of representation in our federalist system and indicate that preemption is not just an issue between Republican states and liberal urban cities.
Perceptions of adolescents and young adults with allergy and/or asthma and their parents on EAACI guideline recommendations about transitional care: A European survey
Authors: Khaleva Ekaterina , Knibb Rebecca , DunnGalvin Audrey , Vazquez‐Ortiz Marta , Comberiati Pasquale , Alviani Cherry , Garriga‐Baraut Teresa , Gowland Mary Hazel , Gore Claudia , Angier Elizabeth , Blumchen Katharina , Duca Bettina , Hox Valérie , Jensen Britt , Mortz Charlotte G. , Pite Helena , Pfaar Oliver , Santos Alexandra F. , Sanchez‐Garcia Silvia , Timmermans Frans , Roberts Graham 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology has developed a guideline to provide evidence‐based recommendations for healthcare professionals to support the transitional care of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with allergy and/or asthma. The goal of this work was to ensure that the draft recommendations are also important for patients.MethodsWe surveyed patients aged 11–25 years with allergy and/or asthma and their parents across Europe between 17 February and 16 March 2020. The multilingual survey was distributed through national allergy and asthma patient organizations in Europe as well as through social media.ResultsA total of 1210 responses from 24 European countries were collected. There were 415 (34.3%) AYA and 795 (65.7%) parents. The majority of AYA (72.3%) and parents (81.9%) were female. Patients had a history of asthma (61.1%), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (54.1%), food allergy (53.8%), atopic eczema (42.6%) and anaphylaxis (28.8%). All recommendations achieved the median score of either ‘important’ or ‘very important’. The least supported recommendations were the use of joint clinics with both paediatric and adult physicians attending and the use of web‐based or mobile technologies for communication with the AYA. The most supported recommendation was checking that the AYA is knowledgeable and compliant with their prescribed medication. Qualitative analysis revealed conditional approval for some recommendations.ConclusionsThere was agreement from patients and parents on the importance of the draft recommendations on transitional care for AYA with allergy and/or asthma and their parents. The recommendations now need to be implemented into clinical practice across Europe.
Dear April: The Aesthetics of Black Miscellanea
Authors: McKittrick Katherine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExploring textual accumulation as a methodological practice, this paper (first presented as the 2021 Antipode American Association of Geographers Lecture on 8 April) works through how the aesthetics of black miscellanea, and the engagement with overlapping and conflicting texts that are affixed, uncovers moments of clarity that complicate typical conceptualisations of opacity. The moments of clarity unravel as lessons, with the aesthetics of black miscellanea signalling an experiment in, and the potential politics of, dynamic collaboration, diasporic literacy, and counsel. Krista Franklin’s Under the Knife anchors the discussion.
The significance of isolated aspartate aminotransferase elevation in healthy paediatric patients
Authors: Magen‐Rimon Ramit , Tal Galit , Kaplan Marielle , Shaoul Ron 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimAspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme expressed in several organs; therefore, AST elevation may reflect outside of liver pathology. AST elevation may also be associated with macro‐AST (m‐AST). The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term course of children with prolonged isolated AST elevation and the prevalence of m‐AST in our cohort.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of children diagnosed with prolonged isolated AST elevation and were evaluated for m‐AST.ResultsThirty‐two patients were included. AST elevation persisted for a median of 66.6 months and ranged from 1.23 to 12‐fold upper limit of normal (ULN). Twenty‐two percent were m‐AST positive and 44% had borderline levels of m‐AST. A statistically significant difference was found for age at presentation between the borderline and the positive m‐AST groups (31 vs. 69 months, respectively. p = 0.045). None of the patients with elevated AST developed significant liver disease.ConclusionWe confirm the benign course of prolonged isolated AST elevation in general and m‐AST in particular. A fifth of the patients with isolated AST elevation were m‐AST positive. No differences have been found in AST levels between negative, borderline or positive m‐AST.
Vibrotactile sense might improve over time in paediatric subjects with type 1 diabetes—A mid‐term follow‐up using multifrequency vibrometry
Authors: Ising Erik , Ekman Linnéa , Elding Larsson Helena , Dahlin Lars B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimImpaired vibrotactile sense, mirroring diabetic peripheral neuropathy, is present among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. This study aims to re‐examine the vibrotactile sense of paediatric type 1 diabetes subjects in order to evaluate any alterations in the vibrotactile sense over time.MethodsA VibroSense Meter I device was used to determine the vibrotactile perception thresholds (VPTs) for seven frequencies from the pulp of index and little fingers and for five frequencies from metatarsal heads one and five on the sole of the foot, of 37 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, previously examined in a larger cohort. Subjects were followed up after a median time of 30 months. Z‐scores of VPTs were calculated using previously collected normative data.ResultsVibrotactile perception thresholds improved over time at low frequencies (especially 16 Hz) on the foot, while not being statistically significant different on the rest of the frequencies, either on hand or foot. VPTs were not correlated with HbA1c.ConclusionA mid‐term follow‐up of vibrotactile sense in paediatric subjects with type 1 diabetes shows a conceivable normalization of previously impaired vibrotactile sense on some frequencies on the foot, indicating that vibrotactile sense might fluctuate over time.
Letter: the BSG COVID‐19 interim coeliac disease guidance no‐biopsy approach is safe in adults
Authors: Tashtoush Lina Bourhan , Bosanko Nicholas Charles , Broad Samuel Robin , Chan Ying Jenny , Singhal Natasha , Saji Sharon , Saju Nissy , Shah Anusha , Zulfiqar Ansab , Ilarionos Melina , Paul Siba Prosad 
Published: September 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Paul et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16133
Editorial: higher concentrations of cytokine blockers are needed to obtain small bowel mucosal healing during maintenance therapy in Crohn's disease
Authors: Rakowsky Shana , Cheifetz Adam S. , Papamichael Konstantinos 
Published: September 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Takenaka et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16551 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16579
Editorial: time to retire Rome IV and the Montreal definition? Authors' reply
Authors: Wong Ming‐Wun , Chen Chien‐Lin 
Published: September 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wong et al and Kahrilas papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16561 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16572
Letter: hepatocellular carcinoma risk in patients with non‐selective beta blockers—authors' reply
Authors: Wijarnpreecha Karn , Li Fang , Dang Yifang , Taner C. Burcin , Yang Liu , Tao Cui 
Published: September 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wijarnpreecha et al and Huang & Nguyen papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16590 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16576
Resource pre‐emption, rather than extending the growing season of native grass assemblages, reduces invasion by exotic species
Authors: Smith Monique E. , Pound Leanne M. , Facelli José M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractQuestionsIn Mediterranean‐type systems, invasive C3 annual grasses appear early in the season and can pre‐empt resources and attain a competitive dominance over native perennial grasses. Here, we investigated whether planting C3 and C4 native grasses (a) combined, so that resources are extracted over a longer period, or (b) at higher density would make planted communities more competitive against invasive species.LocationPara Woodlands Reserve, near Adelaide, South Australia.MethodsIn 72 experimental plots, native grasses were planted in combinations of seasonal patterns (three levels; single‐season assemblages with either C3 or C4 and extended season with both C3 and C4) and planting density (two levels; high = 44 plants/m2 and low = 20 plants/m2). Data were collected on native plant survival and biomass, invasive biomass and soil properties.ResultsOverall, C3 native grasses were superior competitors against both invasive C3 grasses and native C4 grasses. We found no interaction between the combination of C3 and C4 grasses planted together and density of planting. Assemblages with higher densities were successful at reducing exotic plant biomass; however, there was a trade‐off with reduced individual performance among the native plants. Even though individual plants were larger in the low‐density treatment, total biomass was lower in these plots suggesting that density limits the growth of native communities as a whole. The C3 native plants were planted earlier than the C4 native plants because of differences in phenology and therefore likely pre‐empted resources and gained a size advantage, making them the superior competitor.ConclusionNative perennial grasses can outcompete exotic plants for resources if planted earlier in the season. This resource pre‐emption appears to be more important than resource use over a longer period with C3 and C4 plants together and could be an effective restoration strategy.
Soil macro‐ and mesofauna‐mediated litter decomposition in a subtropical karst forest
Authors: Long Jian , Zhang Mingjiang , Li Juan , Liao Hongkai , Wang Xian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aims to quantify the effect of different soil fauna on forest litter decomposition processes under natural conditions in the Maolan karst area of southwest China. Leaf litters of two typical evergreen species (CG, Cyclobalanopsis glauca and KS, Kmeria septentrionalis) were selected to conduct a field decomposition experiment using the mesh bags with three different apertures (5, 2, and 0.03 mm). Mass remaining and nutrient variation in the litterbags were determined for one year at 3‐month intervals. The results showed that litter decomposition rate in different mesh sizes litterbags were in the order of 5 mm >2 mm >0.03 mm. Soil macrofauna had a significant effect on litter decomposition in the two types of litter and the mixture of the two. The most considerable mesofauna effect was found in the KS litter, which is 36.5% ascribed by the lowest C/N ratio (high quality). Soil mesofauna had a more significant effect on N, which was time‐dependent. Moreover, the fauna richness and abundance were affected by the decomposition time but not limited by the litter quality. This study illustrated that soil macrofauna has a significant influence on litter decomposition. The effect of mesofauna on litter mass loss and nitrogen release are determined by litter quality in the subtropical karst forest ecosystems.Abstract in Chinese is available with online material.
The impact of childhood asthma on academic performance: A matched population‐based cohort study
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca J. , McMaugh Anne , Homaira Nusrat , Lystad Reidar P. , Badgery‐Parker Tim , Cameron Cate M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is inconclusive evidence of the effect of asthma on the academic performance of young people. This study aims to compare scholastic performance and high school completion of young people hospitalized with asthma compared to matched peers not hospitalized with asthma.MethodA population‐based matched case‐comparison cohort study of young people aged ≤18 years hospitalized for asthma during 2005–2018 in New South Wales, Australia using linked birth, health, education and mortality records. The comparison cohort was matched on age, gender and residential postcode. Generalized linear mixed‐modelling examined risk of school performance below the national minimum standard (NMS) and generalized linear regression examined risk of not completing high school for young people hospitalized with asthma compared to matched peers.ResultsYoung males hospitalized with asthma had a 13% and 15% higher risk of not achieving the NMS for numeracy (95%CI 1.04–1.22) and reading (95%CI 1.07–1.23), respectively, compared to peers. Young males hospitalized with asthma had a 51% (95%CI 1.22–1.86) higher risk of not completing year 10, and around a 20% higher risk of not completing year 11 (ARR: 1.25; 95%CI 1.15–1.36) or year 12 (ARR: 1.27; 95%CI 1.17–1.39) compared to peers. Young females hospitalized with asthma showed no difference in achieving numeracy or reading NMSs, but did have a 21% higher risk of not completing year 11 (95%CI 1.09–1.36) and a 33% higher risk of not completing year 12 (95%CI 1.19–1.49) compared to peers.ConclusionsEducational attainment is worse for young people hospitalized with asthma compared to matched peers. Early intervention and strategies for better management of asthma symptoms may enhance academic performance for students.
Correlation of DUOX2 residual enzymatic activity with phenotype in congenital hypothyroidism caused by biallelic DUOX2 defects
Authors: Sun Feng , Zhang Rui‐Jia , Cheng Feng , Fang Ya , Yang Rui‐Meng , Ye Xiao‐Ping , Han Bing , Zhao Shuang‐Xia , Dong Mei , Song Huai‐Dong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDUOX2 is the most frequently mutated gene in patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in China. However, no reliable genotype–phenotype relationship has been found in patients with DUOX2 mutations. In this study, DUOX2 mutations were screened in 266 CH patients, and the enzymatic activity of 89 DUOX2 variants was determined in vitro. Furthermore, the DUOX2 residual activity in 76 CH patients caused by DUOX2 biallelic mutations was calculated. The thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were found to be higher and lower in patients with DUOX2 residual activity ≤22%, respectively, compared to patients with residual enzymatic activity >22%. Moreover, we interpreted the pathogenicity of DUOX2 variants by applying the ACMG classification criteria with or without PS3/BS3 evidence. The results indicated that residual DUOX2 enzymatic activity was closely related to the clinical phenotypes of CH patients caused by DUOX2 biallelic mutations. These findings suggest that the residual enzymatic activity of 22% may be a cutoff value for estimating the severity of hypothyroidism in CH patients with biallelic DUOX2 mutations. Well‐established functional studies are useful and necessary to evaluate the pathogenicity of DUOX2 variants, improving the accuracy and scope of genetic consultations.
Framing Environmental Identities: How Aquarium Staff and Volunteers Make Sense and Organize Environmental‐based Life Experiences
Authors: Mileham Michelle A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractZoos and aquariums are among the best informal education venues for individuals to develop conservation values and environmental identities; however, little has been studied on how individuals narrativize and frame environmental‐based life experiences, particularly of those deeply involved in such organizations (i.e., staff and volunteers). This study used a mixed methods approach over the course of three phases of research to understand aquarium staff and volunteers’ environmental identities. Here, I present data for how narratives were used to further understand environmental identity and how study participants framed environmental experiences. Findings indicate that stories are unique to individuals but the frames in which they are situated are shared. While recognizing these particular frames is meaningful to conservation‐based organizations, museums representing any discipline may consider using narratives and frame analysis as a way to understand their organization, staff, and visitors.