bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disrupted intrinsic functional brain topology in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Yang Hong , Chen Xiao , Chen Zuo-Bing , Li Le , Li Xue-Ying , Castellanos Francisco Xavier , Bai Tong-Jian , Bo Qi-Jing , Cao Jun , Chang Zhi-Kai , Chen Guan-Mao , Chen Ning-Xuan , Chen Wei , Cheng Chang , Cheng Yu-Qi , Cui Xi-Long , Duan Jia , Fang Yiru , Gong Qi-Yong , Guo Wen-Bin , Hou Zheng-Hua , Hu Lan , Kuang Li , Li Feng , Li Hui-Xian , Li Kai-Ming , Li Tao , Liu Yan-Song , Liu Zhe-Ning , Long Yi-Cheng , Lu Bin , Luo Qing-Hua , Meng Hua-Qing , Peng Daihui , Qiu Hai-Tang , Qiu Jiang , Shen Yue-Di , Shi Yu-Shu , Si Tian-Mei , Tang Yan-Qing , Wang Chuan-Yue , Wang Fei , Wang Kai , Wang Li , Wang Xiang , Wang Ying , Wang Yu-Wei , Wu Xiao-Ping , Wu Xin-Ran , Xie Chun-Ming , Xie Guang-Rong , Xie Hai-Yan , Xie Peng , Xu Xiu-Feng , Yang Jian , Yao Jia-Shu , Yao Shu-Qiao , Yin Ying-Ying , Yuan Yong-Gui , Zang Yu-Feng , Zhang Ai-Xia , Zhang Hong , Zhang Ke-Rang , Zhang Lei , Zhang Zhi-Jun , Zhao Jing-Ping , Zhou Rubai , Zhou Yi-Ting , Zhu Jun-Juan , Zhu Zhi-Chen , Zou Chao-Jie , Zuo Xi-Nian , Yan Chao-Gan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAberrant topological organization of whole-brain networks has been inconsistently reported in studies of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), reflecting limited sample sizes. To address this issue, we utilized a big data sample of MDD patients from the REST-meta-MDD Project, including 821 MDD patients and 765 normal controls (NCs) from 16 sites. Using the Dosenbach 160 node atlas, we examined whole-brain functional networks and extracted topological features (e.g., global and local efficiency, nodal efficiency, and degree) using graph theory-based methods. Linear mixed-effect models were used for group comparisons to control for site variability; robustness of results was confirmed (e.g., multiple topological parameters, different node definitions, and several head motion control strategies were applied). We found decreased global and local efficiency in patients with MDD compared to NCs. At the nodal level, patients with MDD were characterized by decreased nodal degrees in the somatomotor network (SMN), dorsal attention network (DAN) and visual network (VN) and decreased nodal efficiency in the default mode network (DMN), SMN, DAN, and VN. These topological differences were mostly driven by recurrent MDD patients, rather than first-episode drug naive (FEDN) patients with MDD. In this highly powered multisite study, we observed disrupted topological architecture of functional brain networks in MDD, suggesting both locally and globally decreased efficiency in brain networks.
Does immediate loading of a single implant in the healed anterior maxillary ridge improve the aesthetic outcome compared to conventional loading?
Authors: Baireddy Radhika J , Cook Neil , Li Siwei , Barrak Fadi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmediate loading is an attractive option for avoiding secondary surgery. However, it is unclear whether it provides a better aesthetic outcome compared to conventional loading with implants placed in healed ridges.AimsTo compare the aesthetic outcomes of immediately and conventionally loaded single implants in healed anterior maxillary ridges.MethodologyA systematic review using PICO was conducted. EMBASE, MEDLINE and DoSS databases were searched. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for Randomised Controlled Trials and the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool for other study designs were used for quality appraisal. A narrative synthesis was undertaken.ResultsA total of 622 articles were identified. After screening, a total of five papers were included. Results indicated no statistically significant difference in pink or white aesthetic scores between the immediate and conventional loading groups at 1- and 5-year review and the Papilla Index at the 1-year review.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this review, immediate loading of single implants provides a comparable aesthetic outcome to conventional loading in healed ridges of the anterior maxillary.
Integrated care: a new model for dental education
Authors: Thomson Asha , Dickenson Andrew J. , Ross-Russell Maria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating health, economic and social impact on the UK health services. The learning from redeployment demonstrated that dental professionals can be rapidly integrated into the wider healthcare system, but the challenge is how this can be sustained in the future. This is an opportunity for dental training to be incorporated into a more integrated model of care, and this article outlines a collaboration between NHS England and NHS Improvement, Health Education England and Local Dental Networks to establish a novel training opportunity. This Assistant Dentist Integrated Care Pilot Programme has provided retention of dentists within areas of unmet need and introduced innovative opportunities for dental workforce transformation.
Serum leptin is associated with increased pulse pressure and the development of arterial stiffening in adult men: results of an eight-year follow-up study
Authors: D’Elia Lanfranco , Giaquinto Alfonso , Iacone Roberto , Russo Ornella , Strazzullo Pasquale , Galletti Ferruccio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh leptin levels are associated with an unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profile. A number of studies found a positive association between leptin and vascular damage, but to date, no observational study has evaluated a potential predictive role of leptin for arterial stiffening. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the role of leptin in the incidence of arterial stiffening (pulse pressure >60 mmHg) and changes in pulse pressure in an 8-year follow-up of a sample of adult men (The Olivetti Heart Study). The analysis included 460 men without baseline arterial stiffening and antihypertensive treatment at baseline and at follow-up (age: 50.0 years, BMI: 26.5 kg/m2). At the end of the follow-up period, the incidence of arterial stiffening was 8%. Baseline leptin was significantly greater in the group that developed arterial stiffening and was significantly correlated with pulse pressure changes over time (p < 0.05). According to the median plasma leptin distribution of the whole population, the sample was stratified into two groups: one with leptin levels above the median and the other with leptin levels below the median. Those who had baseline leptin levels above the median had a greater risk of developing arterial stiffening (odds ratio: 2.5, p < 0.05) and a greater increase in pulse pressure over time (beta: 2.1, p < 0.05), also after adjustment for confounders. The results of this prospective study indicate a predictive role of circulating leptin levels for vascular damage, independent of body weight and blood pressure.
Simulating fluid flow in complex porous materials by integrating the governing equations with deep-layered machines
Authors: Kamrava Serveh , Sahimi Muhammad , Tahmasebi Pejman 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFluid flow in heterogeneous porous media arises in many systems, from biological tissues to composite materials, soil, wood, and paper. With advances in instrumentations, high-resolution images of porous media can be obtained and used directly in the simulation of fluid flow. The computations are, however, highly intensive. Although machine learning (ML) algorithms have been used for predicting flow properties of porous media, they lack a rigorous, physics-based foundation and rely on correlations. We introduce an ML approach that incorporates mass conservation and the Navier–Stokes equations in its learning process. By training the algorithm to relatively limited data obtained from the solutions of the equations over a time interval, we show that the approach provides highly accurate predictions for the flow properties of porous media at all other times and spatial locations, while reducing the computation time. We also show that when the network is used for a different porous medium, it again provides very accurate predictions.
Estimating the predictive power of silent mutations on cancer classification and prognosis
Authors: Gutman Tal , Goren Guy , Efroni Omri , Tuller Tamir 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years it has been shown that silent mutations, in and out of the coding region, can affect gene expression and may be related to tumorigenesis and cancer cell fitness. However, the predictive ability of these mutations for cancer type diagnosis and prognosis has not been evaluated yet. In the current study, based on the analysis of 9,915 cancer genomes and approximately three million mutations, we provide a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the predictive power of various types of silent and non-silent mutations over cancer classification and prognosis. The results indicate that silent-mutation models outperform the equivalent null models in classifying all examined cancer types and in estimating the probability of survival 10 years after the initial diagnosis. Additionally, combining both non-silent and silent mutations achieved the best classification results for 68% of the cancer types and the best survival estimation results for up to nine years after the diagnosis. Thus, silent mutations hold considerable predictive power over both cancer classification and prognosis, most likely due to their effect on gene expression. It is highly advised that silent mutations are integrated in cancer research in order to unravel the full genomic landscape of cancer and its ramifications on cancer fitness.
Cardiac sympathetic burden reflects Parkinson disease burden, regardless of high or low orthostatic blood pressure changes
Authors: Yoo Sang-Won , Kim Joong-Seok , Oh Yoon-Sang , Ryu Dong-Woo , Ha Seunggyun , Yoo Ji-Yeon , Lee Kwang-Soo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReduced uptake of 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) and orthostatic hypotension (OH) are independently associated with worse clinical outcomes of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, their interactive influence on PD has not been studied. The role of 123I-MIBG myocardial uptake, as a biomarker of PD severity, was investigated, conditional on the mediating effects of OH. A total of 227 PD patients were enrolled. Their motor and nonmotor aspects were assessed with standardized tools. Global disease burden was estimated by averaging the scaled z-scores of the assessment tools. Every patient went through 123I-MIBG scan, and OH was evaluated with the head-up tilt-test. The mediating role of orthostatic blood pressure changes (ΔBP) on the association between cardiac sympathetic denervation and disease burden was investigated. Low heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) ratio with less than 1.78 was seen in 69.6% of the patient population, and 22.9% of patients had OH. Low H/M ratio was associated with OH, and these patients had worse disease burden than subjects with normal 123I-MIBG uptake (global composite z-score: normal 123I-MIBG vs. abnormal 123I-MIBG; −0.3 ± 0.5 vs. 0.1 ± 0.7; p < 0.001). The mediation models, controlled for age and disease duration, revealed that the delayed H/M ratio and global composite score were negatively associated, irrespective of orthostatic ΔBP. Adverse relationship between cardiac sympathetic denervation and disease burden was shown without any interference from orthostatic blood pressure fluctuations. This result suggested that extracranial cardiac markers might reflect disease burden, regardless of labile blood pressure influence.
Efficient verification of anticoncentrated quantum states
Authors: Bennink Ryan S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractI present a method for estimating the fidelity F(μ, τ) between a preparable quantum state μ and a classically specified pure target state $$\tau =\left|\tau \right\rangle \left\langle \tau \right|$$

τ
=

τ

τ

, using simple quantum circuits and on-the-fly classical calculation (or lookup) of selected amplitudes of $$\left|\tau \right\rangle$$

τ

. The method is sample efficient for anticoncentrated states (including many states that are hard to simulate classically), with approximate cost 4ϵ−2(1 − F)dpcoll where ϵ is the desired precision of the estimate, d is the dimension of the Hilbert space, and pcoll is the collision probability of the target distribution. This scaling is exponentially better than that of any method based on classical sampling. I also present a more sophisticated version of the method that uses any efficiently preparable and well-characterized quantum state as an importance sampler to further reduce the number of copies of μ needed. Though some challenges remain, this work takes a significant step toward scalable verification of complex states produced by quantum processors.
Monoclonal antibodies block transmission of genetically diverse Plasmodium falciparum strains to mosquitoes
Authors: de Jong Roos M. , Meerstein-Kessel Lisette , Da Dari F. , Nsango Sandrine , Challenger Joseph D. , van de Vegte-Bolmer Marga , van Gemert Geert-Jan , Duarte Elias , Teyssier Noam , Sauerwein Robert W. , Churcher Thomas S. , Dabire Roch K. , Morlais Isabelle , Locke Emily , Huynen Martijn A. , Bousema Teun , Jore Matthijs M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMalaria parasite transmission to mosquitoes relies on the uptake of sexual stage parasites during a blood meal and subsequent formation of oocysts on the mosquito midgut wall. Transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) target sexual stage antigens to interrupt human-to-mosquito transmission and may form important tools for malaria elimination. Although most epitopes of these antigens are considered highly conserved, little is known about the impact of natural genetic diversity on the functional activity of transmission-blocking antibodies. Here we measured the efficacy of three mAbs against leading TBV candidates (Pfs48/45, Pfs25 and Pfs230) in transmission assays with parasites from naturally infected donors compared to their efficacy against the strain they were raised against (NF54). Transmission-reducing activity (TRA) was measured as reduction in mean oocyst intensity. mAb 45.1 (α-Pfs48/45) and mAb 4B7 (α-Pfs25) reduced transmission of field parasites from almost all donors with IC80values similar to NF54. Sequencing of oocysts that survived high mAb concentrations did not suggest enrichment of escape genotypes. mAb 2A2 (α-Pfs230) only reduced transmission of parasites from a minority of the donors, suggesting that it targets a non-conserved epitope. Using six laboratory-adapted strains, we revealed that mutations in one Pfs230 domain correlate with mAb gamete surface binding and functional TRA. Our findings demonstrate that, despite the conserved nature of sexual stage antigens, minor sequence variation can significantly impact the efficacy of transmission-blocking mAbs. Since mAb 45.1 shows high potency against genetically diverse strains, our findings support its further clinical development and may inform Pfs48/45 vaccine design.
Oral vaccination stimulates neutrophil functionality and exerts protection in a Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection model
Authors: Ladero-Auñon Iraia , Molina Elena , Oyanguren Maddi , Barriales Diego , Fuertes Miguel , Sevilla Iker A. , Luo Lucy , Arrazuria Rakel , De Buck Jeroen , Anguita Juan , Elguezabal Natalia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) causes paratuberculosis (PTB), a granulomatous enteritis in ruminants that exerts high economic impact on the dairy industry worldwide. Current vaccines have shown to be cost-effective against Map and in some cases confer beneficial non-specific effects against other pathogens suggesting the existence of trained immunity. Although Map infection is mainly transmitted by the fecal-oral route, oral vaccination has not been deeply studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the oral route with a set of mycobacterial and non-mycobacterial vaccines with a subcutaneously administered commercially available vaccine. Training effects on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and homologous and heterologous in vivo protection against Map were investigated in the rabbit infection model. Oral vaccination with inactivated or live vaccines was able to activate mucosal immunity as seen by elevation of serum IgA and the expression of IL4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In addition, peripheral PMN phagocytosis against Map was enhanced by vaccination and extracellular trap release against Map and non-related pathogens was modified by both, vaccination and Map-challenge, indicating trained immunity. Finally, PBMCs from vaccinated animals stimulated in vitro with Map antigens showed a rapid innate activation cytokine profile. In conclusion, our data show that oral vaccination against PTB can stimulate neutrophil activity and both innate and adaptive immune responses that correlate with protection.
Combinatorial optimization by weight annealing in memristive hopfield networks
Authors: Fahimi Z. , Mahmoodi M. R. , Nili H. , Polishchuk Valentin , Strukov D. B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe increasing utility of specialized circuits and growing applications of optimization call for the development of efficient hardware accelerator for solving optimization problems. Hopfield neural network is a promising approach for solving combinatorial optimization problems due to the recent demonstrations of efficient mixed-signal implementation based on emerging non-volatile memory devices. Such mixed-signal accelerators also enable very efficient implementation of various annealing techniques, which are essential for finding optimal solutions. Here we propose a “weight annealing” approach, whose main idea is to ease convergence to the global minima by keeping the network close to its ground state. This is achieved by initially setting all synaptic weights to zero, thus ensuring a quick transition of the Hopfield network to its trivial global minima state and then gradually introducing weights during the annealing process. The extensive numerical simulations show that our approach leads to a better, on average, solutions for several representative combinatorial problems compared to prior Hopfield neural network solvers with chaotic or stochastic annealing. As a proof of concept, a 13-node graph partitioning problem and a 7-node maximum-weight independent set problem are solved experimentally using mixed-signal circuits based on, correspondingly, a 20 × 20 analog-grade TiO2 memristive crossbar and a 12 × 10 eFlash memory array.
Genetic engineering of Pseudomonas chlororaphis Lzh-T5 to enhance production of trans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid
Authors: Liu Kaiquan , Li Ling , Yao Wentao , Wang Wei , Huang Yujie , Wang Ruiming , Li Piwu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTrans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (DHHA) is a cyclic β-amino acid used for the synthesis of non-natural peptides and chiral materials. And it is an intermediate product of phenazine production in Pseudomonas spp. Lzh-T5 is a P. chlororaphis strain isolated from tomato rhizosphere found in China. It can synthesize three antifungal phenazine compounds. Disruption the phzF gene of P. chlororaphis Lzh-T5 results in DHHA accumulation. Several strategies were used to improve production of DHHA: enhancing the shikimate pathway by overexpression, knocking out negative regulatory genes, and adding metal ions to the medium. In this study, three regulatory genes (psrA, pykF, and rpeA) were disrupted in the genome of P. chlororaphis Lzh-T5, yielding 5.52 g/L of DHHA. When six key genes selected from the shikimate, pentose phosphate, and gluconeogenesis pathways were overexpressed, the yield of DHHA increased to 7.89 g/L. Lastly, a different concentration of Fe3+ was added to the medium for DHHA fermentation. This genetically engineered strain increased the DHHA production to 10.45 g/L. According to our result, P. chlororaphis Lzh-T5 could be modified as a microbial factory to produce DHHA. This study laid a good foundation for the future industrial production and application of DHHA.
High-temperature superconductor of sodalite-like clathrate hafnium hexahydride
Authors: Tsuppayakorn-aek Prutthipong , Phaisangittisakul Nakorn , Ahuja Rajeev , Bovornratanaraks Thiti 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHafnium hydrogen compounds have recently become the vibrant materials for structural prediction at high pressure, from their high potential candidate for high-temperature superconductors. In this work, we predict $$\hbox {HfH}_{6}$$

HfH
6

by exploiting the evolutionary searching. A high-pressure phase adopts a sodalite-like clathrate structure, showing the body-centered cubic structure with a space group of $$Im\bar{3}m$$

I
m

3

¯

m

. The first-principles calculations have been used, including the zero-point energy, to investigate the probable structures up to 600 GPa, and find that the $$Im\bar{3}m$$

I
m

3

¯

m

structure is thermodynamically and dynamically stable. This remarkable result of the $$Im\bar{3}m$$

I
m

3

¯

m

structure shows the van Hove singularity at the Fermi level by determining the density of states. We calculate a superconducting transition temperature ($$T_{c}$$

T
c

) using Allen-Dynes equation and demonstrated that it exhibits superconductivity under high pressure with relatively high-$$T_{c}$$

T
c

of 132 K.
Probabilistic nucleation governs time, amount, and location of mineral precipitation and geometry evolution in the porous medium
Authors: Nooraiepour Mohammad , Masoudi Mohammad , Hellevang Helge 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOne important unresolved question in reactive transport is how pore-scale processes can be upscaled and how predictions can be made on the mutual effect of chemical processes and fluid flow in the porous medium. It is paramount to predict the location of mineral precipitation besides their amount for understanding the fate of transport properties. However, current models and simulation approaches fail to predict precisely where crystals will nucleate and grow in the spatiotemporal domain. We present a new mathematical model for probabilistic mineral nucleation and precipitation. A Lattice Boltzmann implementation of the two-dimensional mineral surface was developed to evaluate geometry evolution when probabilistic nucleation criterion is incorporated. To provide high-resolution surface information on mineral precipitation, growth, and distribution, we conducted a total of 27 calcium carbonate synthesis experiments in the laboratory. The results indicate that nucleation events as precursors determine the location and timing of crystal precipitation. It is shown that reaction rate has primary control over covering the substrate with nuclei and, subsequently, solid-phase accumulation. The work provides insight into the spatiotemporal evolution of porous media by suggesting probabilistic and deterministic domains for studying reactive transport processes. We indicate in which length- and time-scales it is essential to incorporate probabilistic nucleation for valid predictions.