bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gate-tunable charge carrier electrocaloric effect in trilayer graphene
Authors: Cortés Natalia , Negrete Oscar , Peña Francisco J. , Vargas Patricio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe electrocaloric (EC) effect is the change in temperature and entropy of a material driven by the application of an electric field. Our tight-binding calculations linked to Fermi statistics, show that the EC effect can be produced in trilayer graphene (TLG) structures connected to a heat source, triggered by changes in the electronic density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level when external gate fields are applied on the outer graphene layers. We demonstrate that entropy changes are sensitive to the stacking arrangement in TLG systems. The AAA-stacked TLG presents an inverse EC response (cooling) regardless of the temperature value and gate field potential strength, whereas the EC effect in ABC-stacked TLG remains direct (heating) above room temperature. We reveal otherwise the TLG with Bernal-ABA stacking generates both the direct and inverse EC response within the same sample, associated with gate-dependent electronic transitions of thermally excited charge carriers from the valence band to the conduction band in the band structure. The novel charge carrier electrocaloric effect we propose in quantum layered systems may bring a wide variety of prototype van der Waals materials that could be used as versatile platforms to controlling the thermal response in nanodevices.
Systematic experimental comparison of particle filtration efficiency test methods for commercial respirators and face masks
Authors: Corbin Joel C. , Smallwood Greg J. , Leroux Ian D. , Norooz Oliaee Jalal , Liu Fengshan , Sipkens Timothy A. , Green Richard G. , Murnaghan Nathan F. , Koukoulas Triantafillos , Lobo Prem 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRespirators, medical masks, and barrier face coverings all filter airborne particles using similar physical principles. However, they are tested for certification using a variety of standardized test methods, creating challenges for the comparison of differently certified products. We have performed systematic experiments to quantify and understand the differences between standardized test methods for N95 respirators (NIOSH TEB-APR-STP-0059 under US 42 CFR 84), medical face masks (ASTM F2299/F2100), and COVID-19-related barrier face coverings (ASTM F3502-21). Our experiments demonstrate the role of face velocity, particle properties (mean size, size variability, electric charge, density, and shape), measurement techniques, and environmental preconditioning. The measured filtration efficiency was most sensitive to changes in face velocity and particle charge. Relative to the NIOSH method, users of the ASTM F2299/F2100 method have commonly used non-neutralized (highly charged) aerosols as well as smaller face velocities, each of which may result in approximately 10% higher measured filtration efficiencies. In the NIOSH method, environmental conditioning at elevated humidity increased filtration efficiency in some commercial samples while decreasing it in others, indicating that measurement should be performed both with and without conditioning. More generally, our results provide an experimental basis for the comparison of respirators certified under various international methods, including FFP2, KN95, P2, Korea 1st Class, and DS2.
Impact of Governmental interventions on epidemic progression and workplace activity during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Ram Sumit Kumar , Sornette Didier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the first quarter of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic brought the world to a state of paralysis. During this period, humanity saw by far the largest organized travel restrictions and unprecedented efforts and global coordination to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Using large scale human mobility and fine grained epidemic incidence data, we develop a framework to understand and quantify the effectiveness of the interventions implemented by various countries to control epidemic growth. Our analysis reveals the importance of timing and implementation of strategic policy in controlling the epidemic. We also unearth significant spatial diffusion of the epidemic before and during the lockdown measures in several countries, casting doubt on the effectiveness or on the implementation quality of the proposed Governmental policies.
Rigidity of loop 1 contributes to equipotency of globular and ribbon isomers of α-conotoxin AusIA
Authors: Ho Thao N. T. , Abraham Nikita , Lewis Richard J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstractα-Conotoxins are small disulfide-rich peptides targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) characterised by a CICII-Xm-CIII-Xn-CIV framework that invariably adopt the native globular conformations which is typically most potent. α-Conotoxins are divided into several structural subgroups based on the number of residues within the two loops braced by the disulfide bonds (m/n), with the 4/7 and 4/3 subgroups dominating. AusIA is a relatively rare α5/5-conotoxin isolated from the venom of Conus australis. Surprisingly, the ribbon isomer displayed equipotency to the wild-type globular AusIA at human α7-containing nAChR. To understand the molecular basis for equipotency, we determined the co-crystal structures of both isomers at Lymnea stagnalis acetylcholine binding protein. The additional residue in the first loop of AusIA was found to be a critical determinant of equipotency, with 11-fold and 86-fold shifts in potency in favour of globular AusIA over ribbon AusIA observed following deletion of Ala4 or Arg5, respectively. This divergence in the potency between globular AusIA and ribbon AusIA was further enhanced upon truncation of the non-conserved Val at the C-termini. Conversely, equipotency could be replicated in LsIA and TxIA [A10L] following insertion of an Ala in the first loop. These findings provide a new understanding of the role the first loop in ribbon and globular α-conotoxins can play in directing α-conotoxin nAChR pharmacology.
Bioinformatic analysis of the gene expression profile in muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury
Authors: Huang Hui , Xue Jinju , Zheng Jiaxuan , Tian Haiquan , Fang Yehan , Wang Wei , Wang Guangji , Hou Dan , Lin Jianping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is often accompanied by muscle atrophy; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy following SCI were investigated. The GSE45550 gene expression profile of control (before SCI) and experimental (14 days following SCI) groups, consisting of Sprague–Dawley rat soleus muscle (n = 6 per group), was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and then differentially expressed gene (DEG) identification and Gene Ontology, pathway, pathway network, and gene signal network analyses were performed. A total of 925 differentially expressed genes, 149 biological processes, and 55 pathways were screened. In the pathway network analysis, the 10 most important pathways were citrate cycle (TCA cycle), pyruvate metabolism, MAPK signalling pathway, fatty acid degradation, propanoate metabolism, apoptosis, focal adhesion, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, Wnt signalling, and cancer pathways. In the gene signal network analysis, the 10 most important genes were Acat1, Acadvl, Acaa2, Hadhb, Acss1, Oxct1, Hadha, Hadh, Acaca, and Cpt1b. Thus, we screened the key genes and pathways that may be involved in muscle atrophy after SCI and provided support for finding valuable markers for this disease.
Inferring the effect of interventions on COVID-19 transmission networks
Authors: Syga Simon , David-Rus Diana , Schälte Yannik , Hatzikirou Haralampos , Deutsch Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCountries around the world implement nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Design of efficient NPIs requires identification of the structure of the disease transmission network. We here identify the key parameters of the COVID-19 transmission network for time periods before, during, and after the application of strict NPIs for the first wave of COVID-19 infections in Germany combining Bayesian parameter inference with an agent-based epidemiological model. We assume a Watts–Strogatz small-world network which allows to distinguish contacts within clustered cliques and unclustered, random contacts in the population, which have been shown to be crucial in sustaining the epidemic. In contrast to other works, which use coarse-grained network structures from anonymized data, like cell phone data, we consider the contacts of individual agents explicitly. We show that NPIs drastically reduced random contacts in the transmission network, increased network clustering, and resulted in a previously unappreciated transition from an exponential to a constant regime of new cases. In this regime, the disease spreads like a wave with a finite wave speed that depends on the number of contacts in a nonlinear fashion, which we can predict by mean field theory.
Ambulatory seizure forecasting with a wrist-worn device using long-short term memory deep learning
Authors: Nasseri Mona , Pal Attia Tal , Joseph Boney , Gregg Nicholas M. , Nurse Ewan S. , Viana Pedro F. , Worrell Gregory , Dümpelmann Matthias , Richardson Mark P. , Freestone Dean R. , Brinkmann Benjamin H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe ability to forecast seizures minutes to hours in advance of an event has been verified using invasive EEG devices, but has not been previously demonstrated using noninvasive wearable devices over long durations in an ambulatory setting. In this study we developed a seizure forecasting system with a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network (RNN) algorithm, using a noninvasive wrist-worn research-grade physiological sensor device, and tested the system in patients with epilepsy in the field, with concurrent invasive EEG confirmation of seizures via an implanted recording device. The system achieved forecasting performance significantly better than a random predictor for 5 of 6 patients studied, with mean AUC-ROC of 0.80 (range 0.72–0.92). These results provide the first clear evidence that direct seizure forecasts are possible using wearable devices in the ambulatory setting for many patients with epilepsy.
Using systems thinking to study the coordination of the water–sediment–electricity coupling system: a case study on the Yellow River
Authors: Zhang Yuansheng , Cao Zhiwei , Wang Wei , Jin Xin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractJoint operation of the Longyangxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs (Long-Liu operation) is of great significance for water and sediment regulation in the Yellow River. The water–sediment–electricity coupling system is a giant system with complex nonlinear relationships. A reliable Long-Liu operation scheme facilitates maximization of the benefits of the water–sediment–electricity system. Based on systems thinking, this paper quantitatively evaluated the reliability of different Long-Liu operation schemes and coordination of the water–sediment–electricity coupling system through the entropy weight method and dissipative structure model. The results indicated that the current operation scheme is more reliable than the adjusted scheme at the inter-annual scale and during the summer-autumn flood season and ice flood season within a year. However, the operation scheme should be improved during the spring irrigation period. The key factors influencing the quality of the water–sediment–electricity system include the outflow of the Liujiaxia reservoir, incoming sediment load into the Yellow River at Toudaoguai, sediment inflow-outflow difference in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach, water flow at Lanzhou and power generation upstream of Toudaoguai. The water–sediment–electricity system under the current Long-Liu operation scheme is more coordinated than that in the adjusted state, but the overall coordinated development of the system remains at a low activity level.
Understanding genetic risk factors for common side effects of antidepressant medications
Authors: Campos Adrian I. , Mulcahy Aoibhe , Thorp Jackson G. , Wray Naomi R. , Byrne Enda M. , Lind Penelope A. , Medland Sarah E. , Martin Nicholas G. , Hickie Ian B. , Rentería Miguel E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Major depression is one of the most disabling health conditions internationally. In recent years, new generation antidepressant medicines have become very widely prescribed. While these medicines are efficacious, side effects are common and frequently result in discontinuation of treatment. Compared with specific pharmacological properties of the different medications, the relevance of individual vulnerability is understudied.

Methods
We used data from the Australian Genetics of Depression Study to gain insights into the aetiology and genetic risk factors to antidepressant side effects. To this end, we employed structural equation modelling, polygenic risk scoring and regressions.

Results
Here we show that participants reporting a specific side effect for one antidepressant are more likely to report the same side effect for other antidepressants, suggesting the presence of shared individual or pharmacological factors. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for depression associated with side effects that overlapped with depressive symptoms, including suicidality and anxiety. Body Mass Index PRS are strongly associated with weight gain from all medications. PRS for headaches are associated with headaches from sertraline. Insomnia PRS show some evidence of predicting insomnia from amitriptyline and escitalopram.

Conclusions
Our results suggest a set of common factors underlying the risk for antidepressant side effects. These factors seem to be partly explained by genetic liability related to depression severity and the nature of the side effect. Future studies on the genetic aetiology of side effects will enable insights into their underlying mechanisms and the possibility of risk stratification and prophylaxis strategies.
Composition Table Of Moroccan Culinary Recipes
Authors: El Mir Nisrine , Safsaf Naima , Alabridi Aicha , Lazrak Meryem , Bouijij Hanane , El Ammari Laila , Saied Naima , Benkirane Hasnae , El Kari Khalid , Aguenaou Hassan 
Published: November 2021

Good nutrition plays an essential role in our health. It decreases the risk of developing certain chronic diseases and thus increases life expectancy. This study is the first of its kind in Morocco, its objective is to determine the nutrient composition of the most consumed Moroccan culinary recipes. Thus, thanks to the calculation of the nutriscore, we can know which culinary recipe is the “healthiest”.
Some of the most consumed Moroccan traditional dishes were collected in which carbohydrates, fats, and proteins were analyzed using the procedures of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, then followed by a calculation of the food exchange lists per serving using the Wheeler method.
Variations in macronutrients, micronutrients (minerals and trace elements) and trans-fatty acid content, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated were found among the Moroccan dishes. The highest protein (17.37g/100g) in Chicken, French Fries, and Cumin Tajine while the lowest (0.06g/100g) in Orange and Carrot Salad. The highest carbohydrates (42.68g / 100g) in Tuna Pizza while lowest (2.37g / 100g) in tomato with pepper. And the highest lipids (19.2g/ 100 g) in meat with onion Tajine and the lowest (0.6g/ 100g) in Harira. Meanwhile, the energy ranged between 35.7 and 352.4 Kcal/100 g in the dishes. For each dish and according to the size of each serving, the exchanges of carbohydrates (starch), fats, and proteins (lean meat, medium fat, and high-fat meat) were calculated.
This study offers an opportunity - for health professionals, dietitians as well as consumers - to orchestrate with knowledge traditional dishes and ensuring leading dietary and medical nutritional therapy practices and patient self-control.
Metabolic Syndrome and Menopause are correlated in Moroccan women population
Authors: El Brini Otmane , Akhouayri Omar , Benazzouz Bouchra 
Published: November 2021

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Physiological variations occurring in women during menopause are thought to be a predisposing factor for the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components according to menopausal status in a sample of Moroccan women.
Methods: We analyzed data of 653 women aged 19 years and older. We used the recently published joint interim statement criteria to classify subjects as having metabolic syndrome.
Results: Out of the total subjects, 262 (40.12%) were syndromic. The metabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity were more common in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women. The highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome was observed in menopausal transition especially among women aged 49-52 years (62.59%). During this period, half of women have at least three metabolic syndrome risk factors.
Conclusion: Abdominal obesity associated with metabolic changes occurring in menopause was a risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome in women. There is a need to adopt a healthy lifestyle to prevent weight gain in women. This can minimize the incidence of metabolic syndrome and its consequences as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Knowledge of health professionals in transfusion and transfusion safety in Morocco
Authors: EL Mehdaoui Fatna , Soulaymani Abdelmajid , EL Khiari Malika , Laghawati Soukaina Benissa , Alami Raouf 
Published: November 2021

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of transfusion and transfusion safety among health professionals.
Materials and method: 47 volunteers, working at the University Hospital Ibn Sina in Rabat of Morocco, answered a survey on knowledge, skills in transfusion and transfusion safety.
Results: 68% of the participants were female against 32% male, 85.11% were aged 20-30 years. 77% had a seniority of less than 5 years. 57% were nurses and 42% doctors. According to these participants, allergic reactions and hyperthermia occur with 85.11% after a transfusion, 57.45% mentioned lung edema.
80.85% of the participants stated that immunological and infectious risks are the main risks occurring after transfusion. 25.53% did not know that there were preventive measures for transfusion risks, 8.51% stated that there were none. 72.34% of the staff stated that hemovigilance is based on transfusion surveillance.
For 68.09% reporting transfusion events, informing recipients and monitoring them after transfusion are the main tools of hemovigilance. 27.66% of the participants were aware of the transfusion regulations and 53.19% were not. Only 41% had received training in blood transfusion. 91.49% of the participants wanted to develop their transfusion knowledge and competence.
Conclusion: Heterogeneity of knowledge and skills in transfusion is raised among these professionals, as well as a great motivation to improve their knowledge and the development of their skills in the field of transfusion. Thus, the development of training programs remains an urgent need for health professionals to further improve their knowledge and ensure the safety and quality of blood transfusions.
Electrophoretic Effects for Environmental Safety Technologies: Evacuation of Micro-Particle Conglomerations from the Surfaces
Authors: Gerasymov Oleg , Kuryatnikov Vladyslav , Spivak Andrii , Sidletska Liudmyla , Kilian Andrii 
Published: November 2021

The actuality of the problem of contamination of objects by macro-molecular compounds is a growing problem today (especially given the terrible consequences of the pandemic). In fact, macromolecular complexes are mostly located on the surface layers of the surface covered with fine dust. Therefore, the development of technology for the removal of macromolecular components is actually a problem of fine (so we will call it) dust removal. This problem cannot be effectively solved by traditional mechanical removal methods alone, as contaminated objects have a rather complex, not even Euclidian, surface morphology. Therefore, it is important to develop effective technologies based on the use of properties of special configurations of external inhomogeneous electric field and removable components by means of a specially configured inhomogeneous electric field. The paper analyzes modern technologies of fine dust cleaning both mechanically and with the help of external electrical fields under the particular conditions and creation of levitation and electrophoretic motion. It has been found exact solutions of the model, which indicate in favor of the theoretical validity of decontamination technology using electric field with manipulative properties; the conditions of the most effective use of levitation-electrophoretic technology in the tasks of dust cleaning and decontamination, including decontamination of the surface-distributed macromolecular contaminants such as coronaviruses.
Index Terms
dust pollution
dust cleaning
levitation
electrophoresis
macromolecular pollution
coronavirus
Aufbautherapie: unscharf, individuell, bewährt
Authors: Kämper Harald 
Published: November 2021

SummaryAufbautherapien arbeiten vor allem mit homöopathischen, spagyrischen, phytotherapeutischen, mikrobiotischen und mikronährstoffzentrierten Mitteln. Während strukturelle, stoffliche Pathologien – zum Beispiel im Bereich Herz, Leber, Nerven, Knochen oder Abwehr – meist eine gezielte Nährstoffsubstitution erfordern, sprechen energetische Dysbalancen sehr gut auf nichtstoffliche Methoden an. Eine individuelle, ganzheitliche, sorgfältige und geschickt kombinierte Therapie kann in der Praxis hervorragende Ergebnisse vorweisen.
Ultra-thin interfacial domain wall less than 1 nm based on TbxCo100−x/Cu/[Co/Pt]2 heterostructures for multi-level magnetic pillar memory
Authors: Ranjbar Sina , Sumi Satoshi , Tanabe Kenji , Awano Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2021

We propose a new pillar type of multi-level memory with TbxCo100−x/Cu/[Co/Pt]2 heterostructures to achieve high storage density and controllable domain wall position in-memory applications. The structure consists of amorphous ferrimagnetic Tb–Co alloy films and ferromagnetic Co/Pt multilayers separated by less than one monolayer of Cu. Here, we observe that the interfacial domain wall energy density can be controlled by changing the interlayer thickness of Cu and Tb–Co composition. We also observe two competing mechanisms, one leading to an increase and the other to a decrease, corresponding to the effect of Tb content on saturation magnetization and coercivity of heterostructures. Theoretical and experimental results show that by tuning the Tb–Co composition, we were able to decrease domain wall (DW) width and precisely control the DW position of the multilayer structure. The interfacial domain wall width is significantly decreased to less than 1 nm compared to other reports. Moreover, controlling the DW position and width offers a novel multi-level magnetic memory with high performance compared to conventional memory applications.