bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Knowledge and Hume's Phenomenology of the Passions
Authors: Watkins Margaret 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTaxonomies of the passions have long claimed to serve a quest for self-knowledge, by specifying conditions under which certain passions arise, formal objects they possess, and qualities essential to their particular feelings. I argue that David Hume's theory of the passions provides resources for a different kind of self-knowledge – a sceptical self-knowledge depending on our ability to articulate how the passions feel rather than always identifying our passions as tokens of an identifiable passion-type. These resources are distinctions between four qualitative aspects that passions may possess – pleasantness or painfulness, calmness or violence, invigoration or softening, and directedness or lack thereof towards specific actions. Reflection on these aspects produces a more accurate understanding of the nature of our emotions and chastens our judgmental tendencies in ways that benefit both self and others.
‘Freak Show Excess’: Steve Vai and his self-presentation in the media
Authors: Sora Andrei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article attempts to uncover the complex relationship between musical expression, artist discourse and personae, by focusing on the way virtuoso guitarist Steve Vai presents himself and his music in the media. I analyse video and print interviews that span the three decades of Vai's career to trace patterns and contradictions in his views on his music and artistry. This is not to assume intentionality, but rather to ask what sort of gap there is between how Vai sees himself and presents himself as a musician, and whether he sees music as self-expressive, or as involving a constructed persona.
Agoraphilic navigation algorithm in dynamic environment with obstacles motion tracking and prediction
Authors: Hewawasam H. S. , Ibrahim M. Yousef , Kahandawa Gayan , Choudhury T. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a new algorithm to navigate robots in dynamically cluttered environments. The proposed algorithm uses basic concepts of space attraction (hence the term Agoraphilic) to navigate robots through dynamic obstacles. The new algorithm in this paper is an advanced development of the original Agoraphilic navigation algorithm that was only able to navigate robots in static environments. The Agoraphilic algorithm does not look for obstacles (problems) to avoid but rather for a free space (solutions) to follow. Therefore, it is also described as an optimistic navigation algorithm. This algorithm uses only one attractive force created by the available free space. The free-space concept allows the Agoraphilic algorithm to overcome inherited challenges of general navigation algorithms. However, the original Agoraphilic algorithm has the limitation in navigating robots only in static, not in dynamic environments. The presented algorithm was developed to address this limitation of the original Agoraphilic algorithm. The new algorithm uses a developed object tracking module to identify the time-varying free spaces by tracking moving obstacles. The capacity of the algorithm was further strengthened by the new prediction module. Future space prediction allowed the algorithm to make decisions considering future growing/diminishing free spaces. This paper also includes a bench-marking study of the new algorithm compared with a recently published APF-based algorithm under a similar operating environment. Furthermore, the algorithm was validated based on experimental tests and simulation tests.
Long-Term Care Facility Workers’ Perceptions of the Impact of Subcontracting on their Conditions of Work and the Quality of Care: A Qualitative Study in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Banerjee Albert , McGregor Margaret , Ponder Sage , Longhurst Andrew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSubcontracting long-term care (LTC), whereby facilities contracted with third party agencies to provide care to residents, became widespread in British Columbia after 2002. This qualitative study aimed to understand the impact of subcontracting from the perspective of care workers. We interviewed 11 care workers employed in subcontracted facilities to explore their perceptions of caring and working under these conditions. Our overarching finding was one of loss. Care workers lost wages, benefits, security, and voice. Their working conditions worsened, with workload and turnover increasing, resulting in a loss of experienced staff and a loss of time to provide care. These findings call into question the promises of quality and flexibility that legitimated policies permitting subcontracting, while adding to the mounting evidence that subcontracting LTC harms both workers and residents.
The power of two choices for random walks
Authors: Georgakopoulos Agelos , Haslegrave John , Sauerwald Thomas , Sylvester John 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe apply the power-of-two-choices paradigm to a random walk on a graph: rather than moving to a uniform random neighbour at each step, a controller is allowed to choose from two independent uniform random neighbours. We prove that this allows the controller to significantly accelerate the hitting and cover times in several natural graph classes. In particular, we show that the cover time becomes linear in the number n of vertices on discrete tori and bounded degree trees, of order $${\mathcal O}(n\log \log n)$$ on bounded degree expanders, and of order $${\mathcal O}(n{(\log \log n)^2})$$ on the Erdős–Rényi random graph in a certain sparsely connected regime. We also consider the algorithmic question of computing an optimal strategy and prove a dichotomy in efficiency between computing strategies for hitting and cover times.
A different choice, a different outcome: budgetary effects of a conservative legislator in liberal local regions of South Korea
Authors: Jung Hoyong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn Korean society, regionalism has deep historical roots and has had a great influence on elections. A historic event occurred in 2014 when a conservative party candidate, Lee Jung-hyun, was elected as a member of the National Assembly in Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do, where liberal parties have been in the midst of powerful political influence. This was possible because voters responded to the candidate's appeal to vote based on benefits to the local economy, that is, securing greater funding from the central government. Exploiting the synthetic control method, this article identifies how this different choice has affected the budget of the local district. The results show that the community budget has increased dramatically, and a battery of robustness checks also supports these basic results. On the basis of the empirical evidence, the study suggests the possibility of overcoming a long-standing parochial regionalism in Korean politics through economic voting and its practical benefits.
Exaggerated and Questioning Clickbait Headlines and Their Influence	on Media Learning
Authors: Carcioppolo Nick , Lun Di , McFarlane Soroya Julian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Headlines that are incongruous with article content can negatively impact media learning outcomes. Clickbait headlines intentionally misrepresent news content, often in sensational ways to increase click-throughs and ad revenue. To evaluate the impact of clickbait headlines on media learning and article-related beliefs, we conducted two online experiments, each testing a 3 (headline-type: accurate, clickbait-question, clickbait-exaggerated) × 2 (exposure: headline-only, full article) factorial. In Study 1, an online sample of US adults ( N = 629) was randomly assigned to one of six news message conditions. Study 2 ( N = 1,674) was a replication study across three news contexts and testing a mediator to explain how exposure to a clickbait headline can influence learning. Key results suggest that reading the full article with an accurate headline resulted in the highest recognition and comprehension, and reading correcting information within an article is likely not enough to overcome the deleterious impact of a clickbait headline. Theoretical and practical recommendations are discussed.
Statistical Survey of Collisionless Dissipation in the Terrestrial Magnetosheath
Authors: Wang Yanwen , Bandyopadhyay Riddhi , Chhiber Rohit , Matthaeus William H. , Chasapis Alexandros , Yang Yan , Wilder Frederick D. , Gershman Daniel J. , Giles Barbara L. , Pollock Craig J. , Dorelli John , Russell Christopher T. , Strangeway Robert J. , Torbert Roy T. , Moore Thomas E. , Burch James L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKinetic dissipation of turbulence is an important physical process occurring in collisionless plasmas. Using in‐situ data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission, we investigate the statistical distribution of kinetic dissipation in the terrestrial magnetosheath. We make use of an analysis of the Vlasov–Maxwell equations that provides a general description of transfer of internal energy, fluid‐flow energy, and electromagnetic energy in collisionless plasma, including both spatial transport and conversion between forms. In particular, we focus on the channels that separately produce proton and electron internal energies. Applying those results to MMS burst‐mode data obtained in the weakly collisional, turbulent magnetosheath plasma, it is possible to quantify contributions to dissipation from the compressive pressure‐dilatation channel, and from the incompressive pressure‐strain channel, for both plasma species. We also employ a simple spatial filtering approach as a first step to quantifying plasma heating at large and small scales. The analysis is carried out for 50 selected turbulent data intervals, and statistical distributions of the results are presented.
The Effect of Grain Boundaries on Plastic Deformation of Olivine
Authors: Ferreira Filippe , Hansen Lars N. , Marquardt Katharina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe plastic deformation of olivine has been studied for decades. However, the precise role of grain boundaries during deformation in, for example, the dislocation‐accommodated grain‐boundary sliding regime, remains poorly understood. Specifically, we lack knowledge regarding the manner in which grain boundaries interact with other defects, such as dislocations, during deformation. To investigate the interaction of dislocations and grain boundaries, we analyzed the structure and distribution of grain boundaries in a polycrystalline aggregate of Fo50 deformed in torsion (Hansen, Zimmerman, Dillman, & Kohlstedt, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.04.016). We characterized the microstructure of the aggregate using electron‐backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy in three perpendicular directions. An increase in plastic strain is associated with the development of a strong crystallographic preferred orientation and a grain‐boundary plane distribution that evolves from a uniform distribution to one dominated by (010)‐type planes. We use the m' factor, to evaluate the potential for transmission of dislocations across grain boundaries based on the relative orientations of slip systems between neighboring grains. With progressive deformation, our analysis indicates an increase in abundance of apparently slip‐transparent boundaries until moderate strains ( = 4) are reached. Based on these observations, we propose that specific types of grain boundaries are created by dislocation activity and that the input of dislocations into grain boundaries facilitates grain‐boundary sliding. Our results provide insight into the microphysics of olivine deformation and highlight the importance of the coupled study of inter‐ and intragranular mechanisms during rock deformation.
Empirical Insights Into the Fate of Ammonia in Western U.S. Wildfire Smoke Plumes
Authors: Lindaas Jakob , Pollack Ilana B. , Calahorrano Julieta Juncosa , O'Dell Katelyn , Garofalo Lauren A. , Pothier Matson A. , Farmer Delphine K. , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , Campos Teresa , Flocke Frank , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Montzka Denise D. , Tyndall Geoffrey S. , Apel Eric C. , Hills Alan J. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Palm Brett B. , Peng Qiaoyun , Thornton Joel A. , Permar Wade , Wielgasz Catherine , Hu Lu , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Collett Jeffrey L. , Sullivan Amy P. , Fischer Emily V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWildfires are a major source of gas‐phase ammonia (NH3) to the atmosphere. Quantifying the evolution and fate of this NH3 is important to understanding the formation of secondary aerosol in smoke and its accompanying effects on radiative balance and nitrogen deposition. Here, we use data from the Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption, and Nitrogen (WE‐CAN) to add new empirical constraints on the e‐folding loss timescale of NH3 and its relationship with particulate ammonium (pNH4) within wildfire smoke plumes in the western U.S. during summer 2018. We show that the e‐folding loss timescale of NH3 with respect to particle‐phase partitioning ranges from ∼24 to ∼4000 min (median of 55 min). Within these same plumes, oxidation of nitrogen oxides is observed concurrent with increases in the fraction of pNH4 in each plume sampled, suggesting that formation of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is likely. We find wide variability in how close our in situ measurements of NH4NO3 are to those expected in a dry thermodynamic equilibrium, and find that NH4NO3 is most likely to form in fresh, dense smoke plumes injected at higher altitudes and colder temperatures. In chemically older smoke we observe correlations between both the fraction of pNH4 and the fraction of particulate nitrate (pNO3) in the aerosol with temperature, providing additional evidence of the presence of NH4NO3 and the influence of injection height on gas‐particle partitioning of NH3.
Water Film Thickness in Unsaturated Porous Media: Effect of Pore Size, Pore Solution Chemistry, and Mineral Type
Authors: Nishiyama Naoki , Yokoyama Tadashi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe thickness of the water film on minerals is key for a quantitative understanding of mass transport and reaction in porous media under air entrapment. How the film thickness changes with pore structure, ionic strength, pH, and type of mineral, however, is not fully understood. Here, we present a model to predict the film thickness in porous media under air entrapment. The model numerically solves the Poisson–Boltzmann equation combined with the electrical triple‐layer model to consider the overlapping of electric double layers (EDLs) in the film, where EDLs formed at the mineral/water and air/water interfaces interact with each other. Based on the model, we estimated the film thickness for silica, montmorillonite, calcite, and goethite for various ionic strengths and pH. With decreasing film thickness, the overlapping of EDLs reduces the surface charges but increases the electric potentials of silica/water and air/water interfaces. The predicted film thickness for silica generally agreed with the measured value. The film on calcite and goethite is significantly thinner than that on silica and montmorillonite because the surface charges for calcite and goethite have a sign opposite to that of the air/water interface. Our model shows that the pore radius, ionic strength, pH, and sign of surface charge are the primary factors controlling the film thickness. When the ionic strength and pH are similar to those of rainwater, river water, and groundwater, the typical film thicknesses for silica in silt, sand, and gravel were predicted to be <14 nm, 14–45 nm, and >23 nm, respectively.
Aurora kinase A, a synthetic lethal target for precision cancer medicine
Authors: Mou Pui Kei , Yang Eun Ju , Shi Changxiang , Ren Guowen , Tao Shishi , Shim Joong Sup 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and data science have facilitated the development of precision medicine to treat cancer patients. Synthetic lethality is one of the core methodologies employed in precision cancer medicine. Synthetic lethality describes the phenomenon of the interplay between two genes in which deficiency of a single gene does not abolish cell viability but combined deficiency of two genes leads to cell death. In cancer treatment, synthetic lethality is leveraged to exploit the dependency of cancer cells on a pathway that is essential for cell survival when a tumor suppressor is mutated. This approach enables pharmacological targeting of mutant tumor suppressors that are theoretically undruggable. Successful clinical introduction of BRCA-PARP synthetic lethality in cancer treatment led to additional discoveries of novel synthetic lethal partners of other tumor suppressors, including p53, PTEN, and RB1, using high-throughput screening. Recent work has highlighted aurora kinase A (AURKA) as a synthetic lethal partner of multiple tumor suppressors. AURKA is a serine/threonine kinase involved in a number of central biological processes, such as the G2/M transition, mitotic spindle assembly, and DNA replication. This review introduces synthetic lethal interactions between AURKA and its tumor suppressor partners and discusses the potential of AURKA inhibitors in precision cancer medicine.
Efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Kaili , Li Hailong , Bu Xuan , Li Xue , Cao Lingxiao , Liu Jing , Gao Yingxue , Li Bin , Qiu Changjian , Bao Weijie , Zhang Suming , Hu Xinyu , Xing Haoyang , Gong Qiyong , Huang Xiaoqi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been widely used as an alternative treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the most effective rTMS parameters, such as the targets and stimulation frequencies, remain controversial. Therefore, we aimed to compare and rank the efficacy and tolerability of different rTMS strategies for OCD treatment. We searched five electronic databases from the date of their inception to March 25, 2020. Pairwise meta-analyses and network meta-analyses were performed to synthesize data. We assessed the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Twenty-two eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. For efficacy, low-frequency (LF) rTMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; mean difference (MD) 6.34, 95% credible interval (CrI) 2.12–10.42) and supplementary motor area (MD 4.18, 95% CrI 0.83–7.62), and high-frequency rTMS over the DLPFC (MD 3.75, 95% CrI 1.04–6.81) were more effective than sham rTMS. Regarding tolerability, all rTMS treatment strategies were similar to the sham rTMS. The estimated ranking probabilities of treatments showed that LF-rTMS over the DLPFC might be the most effective intervention among all rTMS strategies. However, the quality of evidence regarding efficacy was evaluated as very low. Current evidence suggested a marginal advantage for LF-rTMS over the DLPFC on OCD treatment. High-quality RCTs with low selection and performance bias are needed to further verify the efficacy of specific rTMS strategies for the OCD treatment.
Mindfulness practice for protecting mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhu Julie Lei , Schülke Rasmus , Vatansever Deniz , Xi Dayou , Yan Junjie , Zhao Hanqing , Xie Xiaohua , Feng Jianfeng , Chen Mark Yuting , Sahakian Barbara Jacquelyn , Wang Shouyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmerging evidence shows that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is negatively affecting mental health around the globe. Interventions to alleviate the psychological impact of the pandemic are urgently needed. Whether mindfulness practice may protect against the harmful emotional effects of a pandemic crisis remains hitherto unknown. We investigated the influence of mindfulness training on mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. We hypothesized that mindfulness practitioners might manifest less pandemic-related distress, depression, anxiety, and stress than non-practitioners and that more frequent practice would be associated with an improvement in mental health during the pandemic. Therefore, we assessed pandemic-related distress and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as the frequency of meditation practice at the peak of new infections (Feb 4–5; N = 673) and three weeks later (Feb 29–30; N = 521) in mindfulness practitioners via online questionnaires. Self-reported symptoms were also collected from non-practitioners at peak time only (N = 1550). We found lower scores of pandemic-related distress in mindfulness practitioners compared to non-practitioners. In general, older participants showed fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety. In younger practitioners, pandemic-related distress decreased from peak to follow-up. Importantly, increased mindfulness training during the preceding two weeks was associated with lower scores of depression and anxiety at both assessments. Likewise, practice frequency predicted individual improvement in scores of depression, anxiety, and stress at follow-up. Our results indicate that mindfulness meditation might be a viable low-cost intervention to mitigate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis and future pandemics.
LncRNA H19 governs mitophagy and restores mitochondrial respiration in the heart through Pink1/Parkin signaling during obesity
Authors: Wang Shao-Hua , Zhu Xiao-Lin , Wang Fei , Chen Si-Xu , Chen Zhi-Teng , Qiu Qiong , Liu Wen-Hao , Wu Mao-Xiong , Deng Bing-Qing , Xie Yong , Mai Jing-Ting , Yang Ying , Wang Jing-Feng , Zhang Hai-Feng , Chen Yang-Xin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMaintaining proper mitochondrial respiratory function is crucial for alleviating cardiac metabolic disorders during obesity, and mitophagy is critically involved in this process. Long non-coding RNA H19 (H19) is crucial for metabolic regulation, but its roles in cardiac disorders, mitochondrial respiratory function, and mitophagy during obesity are largely unknown. In this study, palmitic acid (PA)-treated H9c2 cell and Lep−/− mice were used to investigate cardiac metabolic disorders in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The effects of H19 on metabolic disorders, mitochondrial respiratory function, and mitophagy were investigated. Moreover, the regulatory mechanisms of PA, H19, mitophagy, and respiratory function were examined. The models tested displayed a reduction in H19 expression, respiratory function and mitochondrial number and volume, while the expression of mitophagy- and Pink1/Parkin signaling-related proteins was upregulated, as indicated using quantitative real-time PCR, Seahorse mitochondrial stress test analyzer, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence indicators and western blotting. Forced expression of H19 helped to the recoveries of respiratory capacity and mitochondrial number while inhibited the levels of mitophagy- and Pink1/Parkin signaling-related proteins. Pink1 knockdown also attenuated PA-induced mitophagy and increased respiratory capacity. Mechanistically, RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assays showed that H19 could hinder the binding of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A, isoform 2 (eIF4A2) with Pink1 mRNA, thus inhibiting the translation of Pink1 and attenuation of mitophagy. PA significantly increased the methylation levels of the H19 promoter region by upregulation Dnmt3b methylase levels, thereby inhibiting H19 transcription. Collectively, these findings suggest that DNA methylation-mediated the downregulation of H19 expression plays a crucial role in cardiomyocyte or H9c2 cells metabolic disorders and induces cardiac respiratory dysfunction by promoting mitophagy. H19 inhibits excessive mitophagy by limiting Pink1 mRNA translation, thus alleviating this cardiac defect that occurs during obesity.