bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGHAPUSAN ADAT RESAM MASYARAKAT DUSUN DI KIMANIS SEMASA PENTADBIRAN BRITISH NORTH BORNEO CHARTERED COMPANY 1881-1941
Authors: Dulkarim Afiratul Adawiyah , Hj Lukin @ Lokin Siti Aidah 
Published: October 2021

Adat secara umumnya bermaksud kebiasaan dalam sesebuah masyarakat yang menjadi peraturan hidup dan hukumannya pula sesuai mengikut kesalahan masing-masing. Di Sabah, dahulunya masyarakat mengamalkan amalan tradisi dan adat warisan nenek moyang yang diketuai oleh Orang Tua dan ketua kampung. Pentadbiran di Sabah mengalami banyak perubahan lebih-lebih lagi semasa pentadbiran British North Borneo Chartered Company (BNBCC) pada tahun 1881. Perubahan ini akhirnya mendatangkan kesan khususnya terhadap adat resam masyarakat Dusun. Oleh itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti penghapusan adat resam semasa pemerintahan BNBCC terhadap masyarakat Dusun di Kimanis. Semasa pemerintahan Kesultanan Brunei di Sabah iaitu sebelum tahun 1881, amalan adat istiadat masyarakat Dusun tidak mengalami sebarang sekatan atau halangan malahan mereka bebas menjalani kehidupan sesuai dengan adat masing-masing. Kaedah kutipan data adalah melalui rujukan sumber primer dan sekunder yang boleh didapati di Arkib negeri Sabah dan perpustakaan negeri Sabah serta perpustakaan Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Sesi temu bual kepada Ketua Adat masyarakat Dusun di Kimanis juga dijalankan bagi mengenalpasti bentuk-bentuk adat yang telah dihapuskan semasa pentadbiran BNBCC. Melalui artikel ini, didapati bahawa pentadbiran BNBCC sememangnya menghapuskan sebahagian adat istiadat masyarakat Dusun Kimanis yang memberi kesan mendalam terhadap masyarakat Dusun ini pada masa kini.
Custom in general means the habit in a society that is the rule of life and the punishment is appropriate according to their respective offenses. In Sabah, people used to practice the traditions and customs of their ancestors, led by Orang Tua and village head. The Sabah administration had many changed especially during the administration of the British North Borneo Chartered Company, BNBCC in 1881. These alterations eventually gave some effects on the Dusun community customs. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the abolition of customs during the BNBCC rule against the Dusun community in Kimanis. During the reign of the Sultanate of Brunei in Sabah before 1881, the customs practices of the Dusun community did not experience any restrictions or obstacles but they were free to live their lives in accordance with their respective customs. The method of data collection is through the reference of primary and secondary sources that can be found in the Archives and libraries. An interview session was also conducted on the head of the Dusun customs in Kimanis to identify the forms of customs that had been removed. Through this paper, it is found that the BNBCC administration has indeed eliminated some of the Dusun customs that have a profound effect on the Dusun community today.
Deep ice as a geochemical reactor: insights from iron speciation and mineralogy of dust in the Talos Dome ice core (East Antarctica)
Authors: Baccolo Giovanni , Delmonte Barbara , Di Stefano Elena , Cibin Giannantonio , Crotti Ilaria , Frezzotti Massimo , Hampai Dariush , Iizuka Yoshinori , Marcelli Augusto , Maggi Valter 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Thanks to its insolubility, mineral dust is considered a stable proxy in polar ice cores. With this study we show that the Talos Dome ice core (TALDICE, Ross Sea sector of East Antarctica) displays evident and
progressive signs of post-depositional processes affecting the mineral dust
record below 1000 m deep. We apply a suite of established and cutting-edge
techniques to investigate the properties of dust in TALDICE, ranging from
concentration and grain size to elemental composition and Fe mineralogy.
Results show that through acidic/oxidative weathering, the conditions of deep ice at Talos Dome promote the dissolution of specific minerals and the englacial formation of others, affecting primitive dust features. The expulsion of acidic atmospheric species from ice grains and their concentration in localized environments is likely the main process
responsible for englacial reactions. Deep ice can be seen as a “geochemical reactor” capable of fostering complex reactions which involve both soluble and insoluble impurities. Fe-bearing minerals can efficiently help in exploring such transformations.
Caricature and the Colonization Machine: The Nib's “Empire” Issue as a Comic Stretch of the Imagination
Authors: Gilbert Christopher J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To see comicality in the reach of imperialism is to see the rhetorical force of empire itself in collective imaginations. This article approaches matters of empire through the lens of caricature. More specifically, it frames caricature as a rhetorical counterforce to images and ideas of imperialism. Comics publication the Nib put out an “Empire” issue in 2019. In an effort to figure out how a comic stretch of the imagination represents empire across histories, geographic locations, and cultural milieus for what it is—a mechanism of disimagination—I explore several standout comics and editorial cartoons in the issue. Looking at themes of monumentality and the taint of collective memory, historical revisionism and historiographical ridicule, and cultural dominion, I argue that caricature in the Nib's “Empire” issue reimagines imperialism, comically, as a complex (even if reductive) way of organizing a lack of imagination.
INFLUENCE OF OZONE THERAPY ON THE DYNAMICS OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY INDEXESIN OBSERVATION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: ЖУКЕМБАЕВА А. М. , ЛАТКИНА К.С. , КАПАРОВА К. М. , КУАТ А.К. , АТХАН Ж. К. , АТХАН Г. К. , КАЛИЕВ Ж. А. , НИЯЗОВА Г. И. , МУТЕН Н. С. , МУСТАФА Б. Ж. 
Published: October 2021

Проведен анализ результатов изменений иммунологических показателей на фоне проводимого лечения обострения ХОБЛ, проведенного у 55 больных. Все больные, рассматриваемые в нашей работе, подписали письменное информированное согласие на участие в программе исследований и неразглашении личных данных. Установлено, что через 7 суток после начала лечения уровень IgM в сыворотке крови во II группе, где проводилась озонотерапия, был достоверно меньше, чем в I, что свидетельствовало о более быстрой регрессии воспалительного процесса во II группе (P< 0,05). При этом показатели HCT-индуцированного фагоцитоза, на фоне проводимой озонотерапии во II группе, были достоверно больше, чем в I, где озонотерапия не проводилась (P<0,05). То есть, резервы кислород зависимой фагоцитарной активности нейтрофилов во II группе на фоне проведения озонотерапии были более функционально активны. Особого внимания заслуживает то, что во II группе элиминация ЦИК происходила достоверно быстрее, чем в I (P< 0,05). Это свидетельствовало об эффективности применения озонотерапии при лечении обострения ХОБЛ. Таким образом, положительное влияние инфузионной озонотерапии на различные звенья воспаления при обострении ХОБЛ свидетельствуют о перспективности дальнейших исследований в этом направлении.
The analysis of the results of changes in immunological parameters in the treatment of complications of COPD in 55 patients. All patients considered in our study signed a written informed consent to participate in the study program and not to disclose their personal data. Serum IgM levels in group II treated with ozone therapy 7 days after the start of treatment were significantly lower than in group I, indicating a more rapid regression of the inflammatory process in group II (P <0.05). At the same time, the incidence of HCT-induced phagocytosis in group II ozone therapy was significantly higher than in group I without ozone therapy (P <0.05). That is, in the context of ozone therapy, the reserves of oxygen-dependent phagocytic activity of neutrophils of group II were functionally active. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that the elimination of AIC in group II was faster than in group I (P <0.05). This demonstrated the effectiveness of ozone therapy in the treatment of COPD exacerbations. Thus, the positive effect of infusion ozone therapy at different stages of inflammation during the exacerbation of COPD indicates the prospects for further research in this area.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF TREATMENT OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN CHILDREN (review)
Authors: САДИЕВА Н.А. , МАМЕДОВА А.Э. 
Published: October 2021

В публикации авторы представили теоретический обзор распространения анемии у детей во всем мире, в том числе и в Азербайджане, роли железа в организме, причинах возникновения железодефицитной анемии и его классификации, особенностях проведения ферротерапии у детей, классификации железосодержащих средств применяемых в Азербайджане, протоколах лечения ЖДА у детей во всем мире, в том числе и в Азербайджане.
In the publication the authors presented a theoretical review of the spread of anemia in children worldwide, including Azerbaijan, the role of iron in the body, the causes of iron deficiency anemia and its classification, the peculiarities of ferrotherapy in children, the classification of iron-containing agents used in Azerbaijan, the treatment protocols for iron deficiency in children worldwide, including in Azerbaijan.
desastres naturales en El Salvador, una descripción cronológica de sus impactos, 1900-2020
Authors: Marineros-Orantes E. A. , García-González M. 
Published: October 2021

Con el objetivo de Sistematizar los principales desastres naturales ocurridos en El Salvador y su impacto en la población en el periodo comprendido entre 1900 y 2020, se propone este artículo. Se incluyen datos de los territorios en los que se presentaron estos eventos y algunos datos generados a partir de información existente para el período correspondiente. Este proceso se realizó a través de grupos focales, entrevistas en profundidad realizadas en las áreas afectadas y el análisis teórico correspondiente. Se pudo observar que durante el período analizado, el riesgo se fue incrementando, con lo cual queda en evidencia los efectos que causan en la población.
Impacts of Windfarm Development Activities on Rocky Plateaus - Discussions on Chalkewadi plateau, Dist. Satara, Maharashtra
Authors: Karandikar Manasi , Ghate Ketaki , Kulkarni Ketaki 
Published: October 2021

Rocky plateaus are ecologically very important as they harbor special diversity and are part of catchments of major rivers of Maharashtra. Detailed studies on the components and fragility of rocky plateau ecosystems are sparse. Recently, the instances of these plateaus being subjected to various land use changes without detailed assessments, have affected the balance of the complex ecosystem and the services offered by them. Windfarm development is one major activity on the rocky plateaus for which little data is available on ecosystem level impacts.
Results of the present study describe the Chalkewadi plateau complex, Satara district and impacts on the plateau surface brought about by the development of a high-density windfarm. Broad observations were made on the changing land use, microhabitats and associated vegetation. Manual analysis of Google Earth images of the plateau was done to understand the nature and scale of the ground-level disturbance.
Results show that even though the actual area under windmill establishment is relatively smaller compared to the total plateau area, its environmental footprint is relatively large. The network of temporary and permanent roads, created to erect and operate the windfarm, has dissected the habitat and corridors of wildlife movement. An increase in road kill incidences was observed. Roads have also initiated erosional features all along the plateau surface. Disturbance due to windfarms is widespread on the plateau with the only exception being in the Reserve Forest area and disconnected smaller plateaus.
Our results complement conclusions from other studies regarding negative impacts of windfarms on birds and reptiles. Thus overall impact of windfarms, in terms of habitat destruction is significant and should be studied in depth before establishment of wind farms.
Establishment of windfarms on ecologically sensitive areas should be avoided as far as possible. However, we recommend good ecological management practices that could reduce the impacts, if wind farm establishment is inevitable. The recommendations can be applied to other plateaus in Sahyadri where windfarms are already in place
WORK ENGAGEMENT AMONG HOSPITAL VOLUNTEERS
Authors: Cisneros Esther , Meda-Lara Rosa Martha , Yeo Ayala María del Carmen , Palomera Chávez Andrés , Pérez Gómez Héctor Raúl , Moreno-Jimenez Bernardo , Loreto Lara-Cabrera Mariela 
Published: October 2021

Background: Work engagement is defined as a positive, fulfilling, work-related state of mind characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. Even though volunteers at hospitals are deeply engaged in their unpaid work, there are no quick tools for measuring work engagement among these volunteers. The Ultra-short UWES-3 is a valuable research tool to measure engagement, indicating the need for its validation among volunteers.
Several recent studies have explored the role of work engagement in volunteer work, mostly focusing on volunteers working in social and nonprofit settings. Little is known about how work engagement contributes to the well-being and quality of life of volunteers working in hospitals. Furthermore, in this context, the relationship between work engagement and burnout, referred to as a psychological syndrome of emotional exhaustion, is poorly understood.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine the factor structure of the UWES-3, and to undercover possible associations between work engagement, well-being, quality of life, and burnout among volunteers.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study collected self-reported anonymous data from adults connected to volunteer organizations in Guadalajara, Mexico.
Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the scale’s unidimensional structure. While well-being and quality of life were positively associated with work engagement, exhaustion showed the strongest negative relationship to work engagement.
Discussion: Our results support the validity of the UWES-3 and suggest that work engagement contributes to well-being and quality of life, while exhaustion is negatively associated with work engagement. From a wider perspective, results from this study provide important insights to guide stakeholders, such as hospital administrators and volunteer organizations.
Conclusions: Our findings support the validity of the UWES-3 among hospital volunteers, suggesting that the scale is an appropriate work engagement measure in this setting. This study provides a new understanding of the relationship between work engagement, burnout, and psychological variables among hospital volunteers.
Contribución para la autonomía en el aprendizaje del portugués como lengua de “acogimiento”: la historia de una mujer inmigrante venezolana
Authors: Garcia Rosana Iriani Daza  de 
Published: October 2021

Este articulo tiene como objetivo resignificar la comprensión acerca de lengua de “acogimiento” al relatar mi experiencia como mujer inmigrante venezolana y aprendiz de la lengua portuguesa en Brasil, basándome en teóricos como Monte Mór, Cervetti, Pardales, Damico (2001), Pennycook (2007), entre otros. Dialogar sobre algunas estrategias aplicadas durante el proceso de mi adaptación en el nuevo país, en el cual, pude desarrollar autonomía y diversas capacidades para aprender una lengua adicional/extranjera como la portuguesa. Reflexionare sobre aspectos como cultura, identidad y algunas estrategias de estudio que pueden ser utilizados de forma autodidacta en la cotidianidad de un inmigrante para la construcción de sentidos. Como resultado, resalto que la construcción de sentido sin depender totalmente de instrucción formal puede ampliar pesquisas y formación ciudadana continuada acerca de lengua de “acogimiento”, a partir de la iniciativa de socialización y creatividad por parte del inmigrante en el país en que paso a residir. De esa manera espero contribuir con esta relevante temática sobre los estudios lingüísticos aplicados en contextos migratorios (resignificando el concepto de lengua de “acogimiento”).
Effect of Ni/MoS2 Addition on Microstructure and Properties of Supersonic Plasma-Sprayed Ni-Based Composite Coatings
Authors: WANG Xinsheng , HE Wenbin , HOU Junjian , LIU Kun , YAN Xihao 
Published: October 2021

Abnormal tool wear is a significant problem encountered in machining. MoS2 has the function of friction reduction; thus, to mitigate friction, two Ni-based coatings, Ni60 and Ni60 + 15 wt.% Ni/MoS2, were obtained on tungsten steel using supersonic plasma technology. The microstructure, phase structure, microhardness, fatigue properties, and friction and wear properties of the two coatings were characterized. The results show that the two plasma-sprayed Ni-based coatings have desirable structures. The addition of Ni-coated MoS2 can effectively improve the hardness of the coatings, with values reaching as high as 735 HV. The speed of rotation of the friction ball was set as 200 r/min, and the cutting force was 201.6 N. The fatigue performance as well as the friction and wear performance of the coating are simulated using ANSYS. The fatigue performance is improved by 12.6 % after adding 15 wt.% Ni/MoS2, and the friction system of the coating becomes stable after 25 min of contact. The addition of 15 wt.% Ni/MoS2 can effectively improve the performance of the tool material.
Radiation Doses and Risk Assessment during Computed Tomography of the Chest in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Ivanovna Matkevich Elena , Vasilievich Ivanov Ivan 
Published: October 2021

Accounting for the effective dose (ED, mSv) and calculating the radiation risk during CT is necessary to predict the long-term consequences of radiation exposure on the population. We analyzed the results of 1003 CT examinations of the chest in patients with suspected COVID-19 in the city diagnostic center. The average ED and confidence intervals (p ≤ 0.05) for patients with a single CT scan were: children (12–14 years) 2.59 ± 0.19 mSv, adolescents (15–19 years) 3.23 ± 0.17 mSv, adults (20–64 years), 3.43 ± 0.08 mSv, older persons (65 years and older) 3.28 ± 0.19 mSv. The maximum radiation risk values were 31.2*10–5 in women children and 29.3*10–5 in women adolescents, which exceeds the risk values for men in these age groups by 2.3 and 1.9 times, respectively. For the group of adult patients the risk was 11.2*10–5 in men and 17.4*10–5 in women, which is 1.6 times higher than in men. All these risk values are in the range of 10*10–5–100*10–5, which corresponds to the level LOW. For the group of older age patients, the radiation risk was 2.6*10–5, which corresponds to the level of 1*10–5–10*10–5, VERY LOW. Our materials shows in detail the technique to evaluate effective radiation doses for chest CT and calculate the radiation risk of the carcinogenic effects of this exposure.
Virtual Assistants and Ethical Implications
Authors: Kaul Abhishek 
Published: October 2021

Virtual assistants are becoming a part of our daily life, from our homes to our work. Sometime we may not even know that the customer service agent that we were speaking with is a virtual assistant. These assistants continuously collect information from our interactions and learn many things about us. The information they gather over time is enormous. This chapter introduces the concept of ethics, discusses the ethical principles of virtual assistants, (Transparency, Justice & fairness, Non-maleficence, Responsibly and Privacy). Although there is limited regulation governing these virtual assistants, practical guidelines and recommendations are provided for designers and developers to understand the ethical implications when building a virtual assistant. In this chapter, we also discuss technology and learning techniques for virtual assistants and present examples on how to ensure ethical virtual assistant.
Motivation for Physical Activity in Adults With Multiple Sclerosis: A Self-determination Theory-Based Approach
Authors: McCarty Narissa , Sayer Samantha , Kasser Susan L. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Despite the benefits of regular physical activity (PA), most adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) are insufficiently active. Identifying the motivational correlates of PA is necessary to facilitate health behavior change. The extent to which the constructs of psychological need satisfaction and motivational regulations associate with self-determined PA in adults with the disease was examined.

METHODS:
Individuals with MS were provided a link to a web-based survey. There were 290 respondents: 242 women and 48 men aged 22 to 71 (mean ± SD, 49.50 ± 12.05) years with primarily mild to moderate mobility impairment who completed the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise scale, the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

RESULTS:
Path analysis revealed that PA was best predicted by integrated regulation, competence, and mobility, explaining 28% of the variance in PA behavior. All 3 need satisfaction variables (relatedness, competence, and autonomy) and mobility impairment accounted for 43% of the variance in integrated regulation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Increasing satisfaction of the need for relatedness, competence, and autonomy can lead to more integrated and internally motivated PA engagement in adults with MS.
How We Give Now
Authors: Bernholz Lucy 
Published: October 2021

From Go Fund Me to philanthropy: the everyday ways that we can give our money, our time, and even our data to help our communities and seek justice.
In How We Give Now, Lucy Bernholz shows that philanthropy is more than writing a check and claiming a tax deduction. For most of us—the non-wealthy givers—philanthropy can be a way of living our values and fully participating in society. We give in all kinds of ways—shopping at certain businesses, canvassing for candidates, donating money, and making conscious choices with our retirement funds. We give our cash, our time, and even our data to make the world a better place. Bernholz takes readers on a tour of the often-overlooked worlds of participatory philanthropy, learning from a diverse group of forty resourceful givers.
Donating our digitized personal data is an emerging form of philanthropy, and Bernholz describes safe, equitable, and effective ways of doing so—giving genetic data for medical research through a nonprofit genetics organization rather than a commercial one, for example, or contributing photographs to an online archive like the Densho Digital Repository, which documents America's internment of 120,000 Americans of Japanese descent. Bernholz tells us to “follow the money,” however, when we're asked to “add a dollar” to our total at the cash register, or when we buy a charity-branded product; it's more effective to give directly than to give while shopping.
Giving is a form of participation. Philanthropy by the rest of us—across geographies and cultural traditions—begins with and builds on active commitment to our communities.