bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnitude and factors associated with surgical site infection among mothers underwent cesarean delivery in Nekemte town public hospitals, western Ethiopia
Authors: Ayala Diriba , Tolossa Tadesse , Markos Jote , Yilma Mekdes Tigistu 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundSurgical site infection (SSI) is a serious public health problem due to its impacts on maternal morbidity and mortality and it can have a significant effect on quality of life for the patient. However, little has been studied regarding the magnitude and factors associated with SSI among women underwent cesarean delivery (CD) in study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and factors associated with SSI among women underwent cesarean delivery in Nekemte Town Public Hospitals 2020.MethodsAn institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1/2018 to January 1/2020. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select 401 patient cards from all records women underwent CD from January 1/2018 to January 1/2020. Epidata version 3.2 was used for data entry, and STATA version 14 was used for analysis. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association of independent variables with the outcome variable and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval was used to estimate the strength of the association.ResultsThree hundred eight two (382) cards of women were selected for analysis making a response rate of 95.2%. The mean (±SD) age of the mothers was 25.9 (±4.8) years. The prevalence of SSIs was 8.9% (95% CI: 6.03, 11.76). Age > 35 years (AOR = 5.03, 95% CI:1.69, 14.95), pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR = 5.63, 95%CI:1.88, 16.79), prolonged labor (AOR = 4.12, 95% CI:1.01, 32.19), receiving general anesthesia (AOR = 3.96 95% CI:1.02, 15.29), and post-operative hemoglobin less than 11 g/dl (AOR = 4.51 95% CI:1.84, 11.07) were significantly associated with the occurrence of SSI after cesarean delivery.Conclusions and recommendationsThe magnitude of post CD SSI in this study was comparable with the sphere standards of CDC guidelines for SSI after CD. Concerned bodies should give due attention the proper utilization of partograph to prevent prolonged labor, and provision of iron folate to increase the hemoglobin level of pregnant mothers in all health institution. In addition, we would recommend the use of spinal anesthesia over general anesthesia.
Sometimes You Have to Judge a Book by Its Cover: The Case of a Masquerading Pancreatic Mucinous Cyst
Authors: Miller John , Agostini-Vulaj Diana , Howard Victoria , Schoeniger Luke , Kothari Truptesh 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Pancreatic cystic lesions are difficult to evaluate amid acute pancreatitis. Without previous pancreatic imaging, it is challenging to discern between pancreatic acute fluid collections and cystic neoplasms. We present a 29-year-old woman with acute pancreatitis and initial cross-sectional imaging suggesting a 2.8-cm cystic lesion in the body/tail of the pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasound completed 5 weeks after index presentation revealed findings worrisome for a cystic neoplasm, but fine-needle aspiration findings suggested lesion to be a pseudocyst (normal carcinoembryonic antigen and cytology, negative mucin stain).
When Variants Collide: An Unusual Presentation of Metastatic Gastric Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasm
Authors: Deliwala Smit S. , Ponnapalli Anoosha , Gakhal Inderdeep , Modi Viraj , Haykal Tarek , Bachuwa Ghassan , Chawla Saurabh 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms were recently reclassified into the 2019 World Health Organization schema into well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs). Among these, gastric MiNENs are exceedingly rare and often metastasize quickly without diagnostic clues. We present a refractory gastric MiNEN with unique presenting features. This case highlights the clinical spectrum of these tumors, the importance of accurate histochemical interpretation, and clinical management in the absence of formalized guidelines. Future therapies looking at novel targets and palliative symptom relief are needed.
Cambios de poder y organizaciones regionales en el espacio postsoviético y América Latina
Authors: Gallegos Pazmiño César Francisco 
Published: April 2021

El artículo explora cómo los cambios de poder en la política mundial y la aparición de poderes regionales afectan la gobernanza de la seguridad regional. Se identifican el espacio postsoviético y América Latina como dos regiones donde las potencias hegemónicas y de la Guerra Fría (Estados Unidos y Rusia) recientemente han sido desafiadas por potencias ya afirmadas o en ascenso (Brasil y China, respectivamente). En ambas regiones, existe una organización regional más antigua conformada por la dinámica de la Guerra Fría junto con una organización más nueva formada por el creciente poder. Pero, ¿patrones similares de cambios de poder conducen a tipos y trayectorias análogos de gobernanza de seguridad? Se analizan cuatro organizaciones de seguridad de las dos regiones: la Organización para la Seguridad y la Cooperación en Europa (OSCE) y la Organización de Cooperación de Shanghai (OCS) desde el espacio postsoviético; y la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA) y la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (UNASUR) de América Latina. Se muestra cómo los cambios de poder se reflejan en (1) los factores que impulsan la base y la transformación de la organización, (2) las concepciones y prácticas de seguridad de las organizaciones, y (3) la superposición organizacional.
Los bienes baldíos en Colombia y las “terras devolutas” en Brasil. Estudio comparado sobre el derecho a la propiedad
Authors: García López Luisa Fernanda , Mora Gamboa Juan Fernando Gabriel 
Published: April 2021

Este ensayo pretende hacer una comparación entre Colombia y Brasil sobre el derecho a la propiedad y el término bien baldío. Como lo desarrollaremos a lo largo de este texto, no existe una definición unívoca en Colombia del bien baldío, lo que ha generado una alta inseguridad jurídica a través de pronunciamientos dispersos de la jurisprudencia de las altas cortes. En el Brasil, el equivalente alude a las tierras devolutas como imprescriptibles e inalienables, y aunque no exista antecedente de un registro de dominio, se presume la propiedad privada o como tierra de nadie en los términos del Código Civil de 2002. En ese sentido, los particulares pueden adquirir por prescripción la tierra que posean pues el bien no será considerado como devoluto sino pasible de dominio. En Colombia, el acceso equitativo a la tierra por parte de los trabajadores agrarios en los términos del artículo 64 de la Constitución, cuenta con una interpretación relativa, en la medida en que los bienes rurales explotados económicamente, pero sin antecedente registral como baldíos, desconoce la presunción de propiedad privada. Con ello, se está afectando el derecho fundamental al debido proceso por el juez. Esta interpretación jurisprudencial genera un gran vacío jurídico, atentando contra la seguridad jurídica y la confianza legítima propias de Estado de Derecho.
Język polski jako element tożsamości (na przykładzie wypowiedzi Polaków i Rosjan z obwodu kaliningradzkiego)
Authors: Kuszak Kinga , Sadowska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the issue of Polish language as an element of identity of Poles and Russians living in Kaliningrad. The authors, during a visit to the University of Immanuel Kant, had the opportunity to do interviews with Poles and Russians living in Kaliningrad, for whom Polishis an important element of identity. The authors divided the respondents into two groups for whom Polish is an element of inherited identity and for whom Polish is an element of identity acquired in the education process. These analyzes precede reflections on the specifics and history ofKaliningr ad and the kaliningrad district.
Polish language as an element of identity (on the example of statements by Poles and Russians from Kaliningrad Oblast)12
Authors: Kuszak Kinga , Sadowska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the issue of Polish language as an element of identity of Poles and Russians living in Kaliningrad. The authors, during a visit to the University of Immanuel Kant, had the opportunity to do interviews with Poles and Russians living in Kaliningrad, for whom Polishis an important element of identity. The authors divided the respondents into two groups for whom Polish is an element of inherited identity and for whom Polish is an element of identity acquired in the education process. These analyzes precede reflections on the specifics and history ofKaliningr ad and the kaliningrad district.
‘Empowerment in Practice and Its Impact on Political Participation’: A Study Among Working Women of South Kolkata
Authors: Chatterjee Anasua 
Published: April 2021

The main purpose of the present study is to understand ‘empowerment’ as observed in theory and in actual practice in the society where women are still regarded as second-class citizens inspite of achieving success in their chosen fields. Her freedom in choice of decision-making within the family and civil society plays an important part in influencing her participation in politics and her voting behaviour. By political activism of the respondent we primarily mean her cognitive orientation (i.e. her knowledge about political parties, symbols, their stay in power and their judgements about political system), evaluative orientation on how political system works including her voting behaviour and partisan preference. Survey was carried by the researcher on 1000 women working in both the organised and unorganised sectors of the economy mainly among street vendors and domestic workers and bank employees and teachers in Kolkata. Results: Women working in both the sectors play dual role looking after their children, elders in the family, husbands and also contribute to the expenditure but lack effective power in decision-making. They consult their husbands, elder members of the family or the community before casting their vote and are notguided by individual preference or choice.
The Fourth Generation of Human Rights: Epistemic Rights in Digital Lifeworlds
Authors: Risse Mathias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn contrast to China’s efforts to upgrade its system of governance around a stupefying amount of data collection and electronic scoring, countries committed to democracy and human rights did not upgradetheirsystems. Instead, those countries ended up withsurveillance capitalism. It is vital for the survival of those ideas about governance to perform such an upgrade. This paper aims to contribute to that goal. I propose a framework of epistemic actorhood in terms of four roles and characterize digital lifeworlds and what matters about them both in terms of how they fit in with Max Tegmark’s distinctions among stages of life and in terms of how they generate their own episteme, the data episteme, with its immense possibilities of infopower (a term inspired by Foucault). Epistemic rights that strengthen existing human rights – as part of afourth generationof rights – are needed to protect epistemic actorhood in those roles. In the long run, we might well need a new kind of right, the right to the exercise of genuinely human intelligence.
Synthesis and crystal structures of Zn(II) and Cd(II) coordination polymers derived from the flexible N-(4-carboxyphenyl)iminodiacetic acid and auxiliary ligands
Authors: Chai Xiao-Chuan , Li Hui , Li Mei-Zhuan , Gao Xiao-Na 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Two coordination polymers [Cd3(CPIDA)2(bib)(H2O)2]
n

1 and {[Zn6(CPIDA)4(bix)3]·8H2O}
n

2 (H3CPIDA = N-(4-carboxyphenyl) iminodiacetic acid, bib = 1,4-bis(N-imidazolyl)butane, bix = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene), have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by analytical and IR spectroscopic data. Compound 1 displays an interesting 3D framework with trinodal (4,5)-connected topology, consisting of (4,4) rectangular grid double layers linked by trans-bib ligands. In 2, the corrugated nets with couples of central symmetrical chains constructed by CPIDA3− and bridging trans-bix ligands are pillared by infinite tubes made from CPIDA3− and cis-bix ligands to build a new 3D porous framework with parallelogram-shaped channels, exhibiting a pentanodal (3,4)-connected topology. Moreover, compounds 1 and 2 show intense solid state fluorescence at room temperature.
Development of Silicon Carbide Interlayers for Plasma Spray Yttria Topcoat on Graphite for High-Temperature Applications
Authors: Vetrivendan E. , Madhura B. , Jagadeeswara Rao Ch. , Ningshen S. , Kamachi Mudali U. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Plasma-sprayed yttria (Y2O3) coatings on commercial high-density graphite (HDG) as a chemical barrier coating are presently being explored for uranium-zirconium alloy melting crucibles in pyrochemical reprocessing of spent metallic fuel of future fast breeder reactors. The performance and durability of Y2O3 coatings for high-temperature exposure up to 1,823 K for multiple batch operations are critical to reducing solid active waste generation. However, plasma-sprayed Y2O3 coatings on HDG experience large thermal mismatch stresses due to the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) value of ∼8 × 10−6 K−1 for Y2O3 and ∼4 × 10−6 K−1 for HDG, combined with partial active oxidation of HDG interface leading to premature cracking and spallation of the coating. Silicon carbide (SiC) coating with intermediate CTE (∼6 × 10−6 K−1) offers superior oxidation protection for HDG, which can suitably be used as an interlayer to improve the durability of Y2O3 coatings. In the present work, SiC interlayer coating is developed on HDG substrates using conventional coating techniques such as pack cementation and chemical vapor deposition techniques for subsequent deposition of Y2O3 topcoat by plasma spraying. The thermal fatigue studies simulating uranium melting condition by isothermal hold at 1,723, 1,773, and 1,823 K for 1 h showed twofold improvements in the life of Y2O3 coatings with SiC interlayer. The evolution of thermal cycling damage and failure mechanisms are discussed. The role of interfacial microstructure, the stability of phases, and the underlying mechanisms for life enhancement in the presence of SiC interlayer for plasma-sprayed Y2O3 coating for high-temperature applications are highlighted.
African American Vernacular English (AAVE) Used by Rich Brian: A Sociolinguistic Investigation
Authors: Aryani Intan Tia Ajeng 
Published: April 2021

The author investigated the use of AAVE by Brian Imanuel or Rich Brian in his rap song lyrics. This study aimed to identify the grammatical features of AAVE in Brian's Amen album. Further, this study was also explored the underlying effect on Brian's use of AAVE. This study applied a descriptive-qualitative method. The context of the data in this study was song lyrics. The results are as follows: Brian rap song lyrics' contained 7 out of AAVE's 13 grammatical features. Those are copula absence, invariant be, completive done, specialized auxiliaries, negation, nominal, and ain't. The causal effect on the use of AAVE by Brian is influenced by the environment or neighborhoods where he grew up. Growing up around his friends who use AAVE in their daily conversation leads him to obtain AAVE's native-like control. Likewise, AAVE's use was the main effect of the linguistic marketplace in order to project identities in stable ways.
Constructing Teacher Identity: Teachers Emotion in Teaching English for Pre-School Students
Authors: Wardhani Anastasia Camelia , Ena Ouda Teda , Mbato Concilianus Laos 
Published: April 2021

This research discusses how teachersâ€™ emotion regulation helps them construct their professional identity. To be specific, the emotion regulation studied is around teaching pre-school students. The emotion regulation investigated covers the teachersâ€™ behavior in the classroom setting when they are dealing with little children. The research question of this study is â€œHow teachersâ€™ identity is constructed especially in teaching pre-school students?â€.Â Theories related to emotion competence, emotion regulation, and teacher identity were also reviewed in this paper. In conducting the research, teachers from one of English courses in Yogyakarta becomes the participant. The researcher uses the Critical Incident Technique (CIT). Many factors such as teaching goals, commitment, particular meaningful experiences become the main consideration in formulating the questions asked in the interview section. Actions such as the distribution of questionnaires and interviews are conducted in order to collect the data. In analyzing the data, the researcher presents the findings narratively based on the result of the questionnaire and the interview.
El concepto de sociedad en antropología
Authors: Viveiros de Castro Eduardo 
Published: April 2021

1. Los dos sentidos
En sentido general, la sociedad es una condición universal de la vida humana. Esta universalidad admite una interpretación biológica (instintiva) y otra simbólico-moral (institucional). Por un lado, la sociedad puede ser vista como un atributo básico, pero no exclusivo, de la naturaleza humana: estamos genéticamente predispuestos a la vida social; la ontogénesis somática y de comportamiento de los humanos depende de la interacción con sus semejantes, la filogénesis de nuestra especie es paralela al desarrollo del lenguaje y del trabajo, capacidades sociales indispensables para la satisfacción de las necesidades del organismo. Por otro lado, la sociedad puede ser vista como dimensión constitutiva y exclusiva de la naturaleza humana (Ingold, 1994), definiéndose por su carácter normativo: el comportamiento humano se convierte en agencia social al fundarse menos en regulaciones instintivas seleccionadas por la evolución que en reglas de origen extrasomático históricamente sedimentadas.
Algal and cyanobacterial diversity in saline rivers of the Elton Lake Basin (Russia) studied via light microscopy and next-generation sequencing
Authors: Ignatenko M. E. , Selivanova E. A. , Khlopko Y. A. , Khlopko Y. A. , Yatsenko-Stepanova T. N. 
Published: April 2021

Naturally saline rivers are known in various regions of the world. Saline rivers with a salinity gradient from the source to the mouth are particularly interesting, because the range of salinity is the structure-forming factor of the hydrobiont assemblage. Such rivers are represented by saline rivers of the Elton Lake Basin in Volgograd region of Russia (the Bolshaya Samoroda River and the Malaya Samoroda River). Herein, we analyzed taxonomic structure and species diversity of microalgae and Cyanobacteria of the saline rivers flowing into the Elton Lake by light microscopy and next-generation sequencing. The differences and possible causes of inconsistencies in the results obtained by these methods are discussed. In total, 91 taxa of microorganisms were identified by integrated approach in the assemblages of microalgae and Cyanobacteria in the middle course of the Bolshaya Samoroda River, and 60 taxa – in the river mouth. The species diversity of those assemblages in the hypersaline Malaya Samoroda River was lower: 27 taxa from the middle course and 23 taxa from the mouth. Next-generation sequencing allowed us to refine and expand the list of microalgae taxa in the studied saline rivers due to detection of species which were hard to identify, low-abundance taxa, as well as extremely small-cell forms. Some discrepancies between the data obtained by light microscopy and next-generation sequencing indicate the advantage of simultaneous use of both methods for study of the algae communities. Such a comprehensive approach provides the most accurate and correct list of taxa added with the morphological descriptions and 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA partial sequences. Generally, 18 taxa have been recorded for the first time in the Bolshaya Samoroda River, belonging to the phyla Chlorophyta (Borodinellopsis sp., Chlorochytrium lemnae Cohn, Caespitella sp., Halochlorococcum sp., Tetraselmis cordiformis (H. J. Carter) F. Stein), Ochrophyta (Pseudocharaciopsis ovalis (Chodat) D. J. Hibberd, Characiopsis sp., Poterioochromonas stipitata Scherffel, Chrysolepidomonas sp.), Euglenozoa (Euglena bucharica I. Kisselev, Lepocinclis tripteris (Dujardin) B. Marin & Melkonian, Phacus orbicularis K. Hübner, P. parvulus G. A. Klebs), Cryptophyta (Hemiselmis cryptochromatica C. E. Lane & J. M. Archibald, Rhodomonas sp., Hanusia phi J. A. Deane), Haptophyta (Pavlova sp.), Cyanobacteria (Johanseninema constrictum (Szafer) Hasler, Dvorák & Poulícková). Seven taxa have been detected for the first time in the algal and cyanobacterial assemblages of the Malaya Samoroda River from the phyla Chlorophyta (Tetraselmis cordiformis, T. arnoldii (Proschkina-Lavrenko) R. E. Norris, Hori & Chihara, T. tetrathele (West) Butcher, Pyrobotrys elongatus Korshikov), Cryptophyta (Hanusia phi), and Cyanobacteria (Synechococcus elongatus (Nägeli) Nägeli, Oscillatoria simplicissima Gomont).
Experiencia de capacitación virtual sobre bioseguridad en odontología en tiempos de la COVID-19. Universidad CES
Authors: Giraldo-Zuluaga María Cristina , Ochoa-Escobar José Iván , Vélez-Madrid Catalina Inés 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: describir la experiencia del curso virtual Bioseguridad en odontología en tiempos de la COVID-19, dirigido a odontólogos. Métodos: se diseñó e implementó un curso virtual en la plataforma Moodle, de CES Virtual, con cuatro cohortes. El curso fue autogestionable, constó de tres módulos, cada uno evaluable, y emitió certificación en el área de bioseguridad para la atención odontológica. Resultados: se inscribieron 472 personas entre odontólogos, higienistas, auxiliares de consultorio y estudiantes de odontología. Del total de inscritos en las cuatro cohortes, el 96,18% recibió su certificación y el 48,8% respondió la encuesta de satisfacción, en donde valoraron el curso de manera positiva; con base en sus opiniones se definió un plan de mejoramiento para las siguientes cohortes. Conclusiones: las personas expresaron su satisfacción con el curso, teniendo en cuenta la facilidad para explorar los contenidos de forma autogestionable, la actualidad del tema, las presentaciones del expositor y la didáctica empleada para su desarrollo. Además, el diseño intuitivo del entorno virtual favoreció el autoaprendizaje y autogestión del conocimiento.
Resumen de los avances tecnológicos en el campo de la ingeniería sanitaria
Authors: Arturo M. Lauro Horacio 
Published: April 2021

Cada día es más importante la protección y purificación de los recursos de agua y se intensifica el control de la contaminación ambiental, propósitos que no tendrían éxito sin la conjugación armónica de variadas ciencias apoyadas por la nueva tecnología y cuyas relaciones básicas y últimos alcances trata de describir el presente artículo.
Operation improvement of sequencing FED-batch wastewater treatment
Authors: Bába Barnabás , Karches Tamás 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSequencing batch reactor systems in wastewater treatment is widely applied activated sludge technology. The system performance is not only dependent on the raw sewage quality and biochemical processes, but the flow pattern within the reactor has a significant impact on the treatment itself. The varying stages of the operation require different fluid flow conditions; biological stage shall be appropriately mixed, whereas low velocity zones favor the phase separation. The aim of this study was to improve sequencing batch reactor operation in order to optimize the treatment efficiency. Numerical fluid dynamic simulations were performed to determine the substrate and biomass homogeneity inside the reactor at the biological phase and the rate of the decantation was estimated at the sedimentation phase. The settling model was calibrated by field measurements. The results revealed that the hydraulic efficiency of the reactor was 87% and the achievable settled solid content was 0.9%.