bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of corrosion behavior on plastically deformed aa 7075 t651 by shot peening process
Authors: M Abeens , Muruganandhan R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As AA 7075 T651 comprehensively is used in the marine naval vessels, the factor of corrosion performance always plays a significant role. In this work, an investigation is carried out to study the effect of corrosion behavior of shot peened AA 7075 T651 in 3.5% solution. From the potentio-dynamic polarization study, a 27.72% decrease is ascertained in the Icorr in shot peened specimen in correlation to unpeened aluminium alloy. A drop in Icorr from 1.883 to 1.480 mA cm−2 in shot peened specimen, indicates enhanced pitting corrosion resistance. An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals a surge in the oxide layer formation on the peened surface aiding the drop in corrosion rate. Resistance to pit formations and improvement in oxygen deposition in the peened specimen is observed availing a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX). The micro structures of the peened and unpeened specimen are captured using optical microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Micro-strain, dislocation density is also calculated from the x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), in which grain size reduces by 28.07%, dislocation density surges by 38.65% and micro strain increases by 21.95% in peened specimen in correlation to unpeened AA 7075 T651. As a result of these improvements the corrosion resistance by 27.92% in the peened specimen in correlation to unpeened aluminium alloy.
Evaluation of surface integrity in electrochemical micromachining of A286 super alloy
Authors: Rajkeerthi E , Hariharan P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Surface integrity of micro components is a major concern particularly in manufacturing industries as most geometry of the products must meet out necessary surface quality requirements. Advanced machining process like electrochemical micro machining possess the capabilities to machine micro parts with best surface properties exempting them from secondary operations. In this research work, different electrolytes have been employed for producing micro holes in A286 super alloy material to achieve the best surface quality and the measurement of surface roughness and surface integrity to evaluate the machined surface are carried out. The machined micro hole provides detailed information on the geometrical features. A study of parametric analysis meant for controlling surface roughness and improvement of surface integrity has been made to find out the suitable parameters for machining. The suitability of various electrolytes with their dissolution mechanism and the influence of various electrolytes have been thoroughly studied. Among the utilized electrolytes, EG + NaNO3 electrolyte provided the best results in terms of overcut and average surface roughness.
Hot tensile deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of Mg-1Al-6Y alloy
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Wang Jinhui , Jin Peipeng , Zhang Lei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, the hot tensile test was carried out using the extruded and annealed Mg-1Al-6Y alloy. The effect of temperature and strain rate on the hot tensile deformation behavior of the alloy was systematically studied at different temperatures (200 °C ∼ 350 °C) and different strain rates (8 × 10−5 s−1 ∼ 1.6 × 10−3 s−1). In addition, the effect of temperature on the evolution of microstructure when the strain rate is 1.6 × 10−3 s−1 was investigated. The results showed that as the temperature increased or the strain rate decreased, the peak stress decreased and the elongation increased. Hot tensile at different temperatures all increased the texture intensity, and the microstructure after deformation showed obvious characteristics of basal fiber texture ([0001]⊥ED). Correspondingly, the weaker [−15–40]//ED texture before deformation transformed into a stronger [01–10]//ED fiber texture. After deformation, the average Schmid factor (SF) of each non-basal slip was significantly increased compared with the average SF before deformation, indicating that abundant non-basal slip was activated during the deformation. When the deformation temperature was 300 °C, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred significantly, and the DRXed grains accounted for 15.9%. DRX was a combination of continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX). Furthermore, the calculated activation energy of the alloy was about 98.8 kJ mol−1. Comprehensive research showed that the hot tensile deformation mechanism mainly included intragranular slip, grain boundary slip (GBS) and DRX.
Robust learning-based x-ray image denoising—potential pitfalls, their analysis and solutions
Authors: Hariharan Sai Gokul , Kaethner Christian , Strobel Norbert , Kowarschik Markus , Fahrig Rebecca , Navab Nassir 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose: Since guidance based on x-ray imaging is an integral part of interventional procedures, continuous efforts are taken towards reducing the exposure of patients and clinical staff to ionizing radiation. Even though a reduction in the x-ray dose may lower associated radiation risks, it is likely to impair the quality of the acquired images, potentially making it more difficult for physicians to carry out their procedures. Method: We present a robust learning-based denoising strategy involving model-based simulations of low-dose x-ray images during the training phase. The method also utilizes a data-driven normalization step—based on an x-ray imaging model—to stabilize the mixed signal-dependent noise associated with x-ray images. We thoroughly analyze the method’s sensitivity to a mismatch in dose levels used for training and application. We also study the impact of differing noise models used when training for low and very low-dose x-ray images on the denoising results. Results: A quantitative and qualitative analysis based on acquired phantom and clinical data has shown that the proposed learning-based strategy is stable across different dose levels and yields excellent denoising results, if an accurate noise model is applied. We also found that there can be severe artifacts when the noise characteristics of the training images are significantly different from those in the actual images to be processed. This problem can be especially acute at very low dose levels. During a thorough analysis of our experimental results, we further discovered that viewing the results from the perspective of denoising via thresholding of sub-band coefficients can be very beneficial to get a better understanding of the proposed learning-based denoising strategy. Conclusion: The proposed learning-based denoising strategy provides scope for significant x-ray dose reduction without the loss of important image information if the characteristics of noise is accurately accounted for during the training phase.
Indicators of wavefunction (de)localisation for avoided crossing in a quadrupole quantum billiard
Authors: Park Kyu-Won , Kim Juman , Seo Jisung , Moon Songky , Jeong Kabgyun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The relationship between wavefunction (de)localisation and avoided crossing in a quadrupole billiard is analysed. The following three-types of measures are employed for wavefunction (de)localisation: inverse participation ratio, inverse of Rényi entropy, and root-mean-square (RMS) image contrast. All these measures exhibit minimal values at the centre of the avoided crossing, where the wavefunction is maximally delocalised. Our results indicate that these quantities can be sufficient for the indication of wavefunction (de)localisation.
Two-photon-polymerization enabled and enhanced multi-channel fibre switch
Authors: Glöckler Felix , Hausladen Florian , Alekseenko Igor , Gröger Alexander , Pedrini Giancarlo , Claus Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the fabrication and performance of a multi-channel fibre switch, consisting of 19 single-mode fibres, with enhanced coupling efficiency due to micro-optics, directly printed via two-photon-polymerization on the end-face of each fibre. The use of high-resolution two-photon-polymerization not only allows the enhancement of the coupling efficiency with respect to the coupling device in use but likewise offers great freedom in the arrangement of the used fibres. This letter gives a thorough explanation of the fabrication method as well as the optical simulations for the lenses on the fibre assembly.
Empirical Investigation of Genomic Clusters Associated With Height and the Risk of Postmenopausal Breast and Colorectal Cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study
Authors: Simons Colinda C J M , Offermans Nadine S M , Stoll Monika , van den Brandt Piet A , Weijenberg Matty P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We empirically investigated genomic clusters associated with both height and postmenopausal breast cancer (BC) or colorectal cancer (CRC) (or both) in the Netherlands Cohort Study to unravel shared underlying mechanisms between height and these cancers. The Netherlands Cohort Study (1986–2006) includes 120,852 participants (case-cohort study: nsubcohort = 5,000; 20.3 years of follow-up). Variants in clusters on chromosomes 2, 4, 5, 6 (2 clusters), 10, and 20 were genotyped using toenail DNA. Cluster-specific genetic risk scores were modeled in relation to height and postmenopausal BC and CRC risk using age-adjusted linear regression and multivariable-adjusted Cox regression, respectively. Only the chromosome 10 cluster risk score was associated with all 3 phenotypes in the same sex (women); that is, it was associated with increased height (βcontinuous = 0.34, P = 0.014), increased risk of hormone-receptor–positive BC (for estrogen-receptor–positive BC, hazard ratio (HRcontinuous score) = 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.20); for progesterone-receptor–positive BC, HRcontinuous score = 1.15 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.26)), and increased risk of distal colon (HRcontinuous score = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.27) and rectal (HRcontinuous score = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.30) cancer. The chromosome 10 cluster variants were all annotated to the zinc finger MIZ-type containing 1 gene (ZMIZ1), which is involved in androgen receptor activity. This suggests that hormone-related growth mechanisms could influence both height and postmenopausal BC and CRC.
A tale of solving two computational challenges in protein science: neoantigen prediction and protein structure prediction
Authors: Tran Ngoc Hieu , Xu Jinbo , Li Ming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this article, we review two challenging computational questions in protein science: neoantigen prediction and protein structure prediction. Both topics have seen significant leaps forward by deep learning within the past five years, which immediately unlocked new developments of drugs and immunotherapies. We show that deep learning models offer unique advantages, such as representation learning and multi-layer architecture, which make them an ideal choice to leverage a huge amount of protein sequence and structure data to address those two problems. We also discuss the impact and future possibilities enabled by those two applications, especially how the data-driven approach by deep learning shall accelerate the progress towards personalized biomedicine.
Forest and Freshwater Ecosystem Responses to Climate Change and Variability at US LTER Sites
Authors: Campbell John L , Driscoll Charles T , Jones Julia A , Boose Emery R , Dugan Hilary A , Groffman Peter M , Jackson C Rhett , Jones Jeremy B , Juday Glenn P , Lottig Noah R , Penaluna Brooke E , Ruess Roger W , Suding Katharine , Thompson Jonathan R , Zimmerman Jess K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Forest and freshwater ecosystems are tightly linked and together provide important ecosystem services, but climate change is affecting their species composition, structure, and function. Research at nine US Long Term Ecological Research sites reveals complex interactions and cascading effects of climate change, some of which feed back into the climate system. Air temperature has increased at all sites, and those in the Northeast have become wetter, whereas sites in the Northwest and Alaska have become slightly drier. These changes have altered streamflow and affected ecosystem processes, including primary production, carbon storage, water and nutrient cycling, and community dynamics. At some sites, the direct effects of climate change are the dominant driver altering ecosystems, whereas at other sites indirect effects or disturbances and stressors unrelated to climate change are more important. Long-term studies are critical for understanding the impacts of climate change on forest and freshwater ecosystems.
Effects of Temperature on Anoplophora chinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Larvae and Pupae
Authors: Keena Melody A , Richards Jessica Y 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) is a xylophagous invasive cerambycid whose larvae feed on the lower bole and exposed roots of many tree species in orchard, urban, and forested habitats. Larval survival and development of A. chinensis from Italy and China were evaluated at eight constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C). Development was slow or did not occur at temperatures ≤10 and &gt;35°C. The TMin for the first six instars and the pupa was &lt;10°C, while TMin for the higher instars was closer to 12°C. The ultimate instar for both populations was insensitive to temperature. When the TMax thresholds could be estimated they were between 31 and 41°C. Temperature also influenced larval weight gain; larvae held at 25–30°C generally weighed the most from the fourth instar on. The number of degree days for 50% of the population to molt to the next instar increased with increasing instar for both populations up through the sixth instar. Anoplophora chinensis may use wood moisture content in conjunction with temperature as a cue as to when to pupate. These responses of A. chinensis to temperature can be used for developing phenological models to predict timing of stages for management or eradication efforts.
Role of plakophilin-2 expression on exercise-related progression of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: a translational study
Authors: Cerrone Marina , Marrón-Liñares Grecia M , van Opbergen Chantal J M , Costa Sarah , Bourfiss Mimount , Pérez-Hernández Marta , Schlamp Florencia , Sanchis-Gomar Fabian , Malkani Kabir , Drenkova Kamelia , Zhang Mingliang , Lin Xianming , Heguy Adriana , Velthuis Birgitta K , Prakken Niek H J , LaGerche Andre , Calkins Hugh , James Cynthia A , Te Riele Anneline S J M , Delmar Mario 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
Exercise increases arrhythmia risk and cardiomyopathy progression in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) patients, but the mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated transcriptomic changes caused by endurance training in mice deficient in plakophilin-2 (PKP2cKO), a desmosomal protein important for intercalated disc formation, commonly mutated in ARVC and controls.

Methods and results
Exercise alone caused transcriptional downregulation of genes coding intercalated disk proteins. The changes converged with those in sedentary and in exercised PKP2cKO mice. PKP2 loss caused cardiac contractile deficit, decreased muscle mass and increased functional/transcriptomic signatures of apoptosis, despite increased fractional shortening and calcium transient amplitude in single myocytes. Exercise accelerated cardiac dysfunction, an effect dampened by pre-training animals prior to PKP2-KO. Consistent with PKP2-dependent muscle mass deficit, cardiac dimensions in human athletes carrying PKP2 mutations were reduced, compared to matched controls.

Conclusions
We speculate that exercise challenges a cardiomyocyte “desmosomal reserve” which, if impaired genetically (e.g., PKP2 loss), accelerates progression of cardiomyopathy.
Ultra-processed food intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in individuals with cardiovascular disease: the Moli-sani Study
Authors: Bonaccio Marialaura , Costanzo Simona , Di Castelnuovo Augusto , Persichillo Mariarosaria , Magnacca Sara , De Curtis Amalia , Cerletti Chiara , Donati Maria Benedetta , de Gaetano Giovanni , Iacoviello Licia ,   for the Moli-sani Study Investigators
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the association of ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and mortality among individuals with history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and analyse some biological pathways possibly relating UPF intake to death.Methods and resultsLongitudinal analysis on 1171 men and women (mean age: 67 ± 10 years) with history of CVD, recruited in the Moli-sani Study (2005–10, Italy) and followed for 10.6 years (median). Food intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. UPF was defined using the NOVA classification according to degree of processing and categorized as quartiles of the ratio (%) between UPF (g/day) and total food consumed (g/day). The mediating effects of 18 inflammatory, metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal biomarkers were evaluated using a logistic regression model within a counterfactual framework. In multivariable-adjusted Cox analyses, higher intake of UPF (Q4, ≥11.3% of total food), as opposed to the lowest (Q1, UPF &lt;4.7%), was associated with higher hazards of all-cause (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00–1.91) and CVD mortality (HR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.07–2.55). A linear dose–response relationship of 1% increment in UPF intake with all-cause and CVD mortality was also observed. Altered levels of cystatin C explained 18.3% and 16.6% of the relation between UPF (1% increment in the diet) with all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively.ConclusionA diet rich in UPF is associated with increased hazards of all-cause and CVD mortality among individuals with prior cardiovascular events, possibly through an altered renal function. Elevated UPF intake represents a major public health concern in secondary CVD prevention.
Successful thoracoscopic repair of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in a child
Authors: Wang Yi , Cai Yuanxia , Wu Yeming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is very rare in children, and the diagnosis is often missed or delayed. Herein, we reported a 2-year-old boy who had suffered with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia due to a car crash. The child was manifested as tachypnoea without any other severe symptoms. The computed tomography scanning showed his right diaphragm was rupture. Soon, this patient was received a thoracoscopic repair surgery, and he was discharged 2 weeks later without any complication.
Untilting Line Bundles on Perfectoid Spaces
Authors: Dorfsman-Hopkins Gabriel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Let $X$ be a perfectoid space with tilt $X^\flat $. We build a natural map $\theta :\Pic X^\flat \to \lim \Pic X$ where the (inverse) limit is taken over the $p$-power map and show that $\theta $ is an isomorphism if $R = \Gamma (X,\sO _X)$ is a perfectoid ring. As a consequence, we obtain a characterization of when the Picard groups of $X$ and $X^\flat $ agree in terms of the $p$-divisibility of $\Pic X$. The main technical ingredient is the vanishing of higher derived limits of the unit group $R^*$, whence the main result follows from the Grothendieck spectral sequence.
Selection of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis of Wing Dimorphism in English Grain Aphid,Sitobion avenae(Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Li Xiangrui , Li Xinan , Yan Weiwei , Coates Brad , Zhou Xuguo , Wang Chao , Haifeng Gao , Zhang Yunhui , Zhu Xun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), exhibits classic and dramatic phenotypic plasticity in wing development. Both genetic and environmental inputs contribute to the wing polyphenism in aphids, an extreme form of phenotypic plasticity in which a single genotype produces discrete winged and wingless morphs. Validated reference genes are needed to accurately normalize temporal and spatial variation in gene expression estimates by RT-qPCR. In this research, the stability of 11 candidate reference genes selected from S. avenae transcriptomes was evaluated under an array of abiotic and biotic conditions relevant to wing development. RefFinder, a comprehensive software integrating rankings from delta Ct, BestKeeper, NormFinder, and geNorm, offered a series of reference genes for every experimental condition. Overall, helicase (HEL) and ubiquitin ribosomal protein S27A fusion protein (RpS27) are suited for most of the conditions examined in this study, although exceptions do exist. Specifically, NADH dehydrogenase (Ap-NADH) and 28S ribosomal RNA (28S) are recommended for insecticide and antibiotic treatments, while ribosomal RNA L14 (RPL14) and 18S ribosomal RNA (18S) are selected for density treatment, respectively. This study provides a suite of reference genes to investigate the wing polyphenism in S. avenae, and is important for application of RT-qPCR in future experiments of novel tactics to control aphids.
Transformative Justice in Practice: Reflections on the Pastoral Land Commission During Brazil’s Political Transition
Authors: Hoddy Eric T 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere has been a growing interest among transitional justice academics and practitioners in pursuing more transformative agendas for practice. There remain however few illustrations, if any, of work to deliver transformative justice in practice. This article considers the work of Brazil’s Pastoral Land Commission (CPT) during Brazil’s political transition as a potentially useful source of insights for practice. An organ of the Catholic Church and ecumenical in orientation, the CPT worked directly with marginalized communities to defend and promote the rights of small farmers and rural workers and peaceful solutions to land and labour conflicts. Its work was steered by a forward-looking vision of justice in which the violence, marginalization and exclusion of the past and present would be overcome by empowering rural populations to transform their social circumstances and address root causes. This article outlines the practices and activities through which the CPT sought to foster transformative change and reflects on what lessons these might hold for transformative justice in transitional settings.
Should Critique on Governmental Policy Regarding Covid-19 Be Tolerated on Online Platforms? An Analysis of Recent Case-Law in the Netherlands
Authors: van der Donk Berdien B E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This policy and practice note describes and discusses two recent decisions by the District Court in Amsterdam regarding the applicability of YouTube’s and Facebook’s Community Guidelines on Covid-19 misinformation. The decisions (Café Weltschmerz/YouTube and Smart Exit/Facebook) illustrate the tense intersection between, on the one hand, the freedom to express criticism of the government’s policy for fighting the outbreak of Covid-19 in the Netherlands, and on the other hand, the prevention of (dis)information with the potential to harm public health.
The author will point out that the two decisions, although covering the same subject matter, differ significantly in argumentation regarding the (scope of the) application of the freedom of expression. Analysing this divergence in argumentation will show that its roots can be traced back to a different valuation of the role of the online platforms regarding the dissemination of speech. A debate on this divergence is needed to prevent inconsistency in future decisions and to contribute to the broader discussion on content regulation in the European Union.