bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Reinforcement Learning with Asymmetric Updating in Volatile Environments: a Simulation Study
Authors: Kandroodi Mojtaba Rostami , Vahabie Abdol-Hossein , Ahmadi Sara , Araabi Babak Nadjar , Ahmadabadi Majid Nili 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe ability to predict the future is essential for decision-making and interaction with the environment to avoid punishment and gain reward. Reinforcement learning algorithms provide a normative way for interactive learning, especially in volatile environments. The optimal strategy for the classic reinforcement learning model is to increase the learning rate as volatility increases. Inspired by optimistic bias in humans, an alternative reinforcement learning model has been developed by adding a punishment learning rate to the classic reinforcement learning model. In this study, we aim to 1) compare the performance of these two models in interaction with different environments, and 2) find optimal parameters for the models. Our simulations indicate that having two different learning rates for rewards and punishments increases performance in a volatile environment. Investigation of the optimal parameters shows that in almost all environments, having a higher reward learning rate compared to the punishment learning rate is beneficial for achieving higher performance which in this case is the accumulation of more rewards. Our results suggest that to achieve high performance, we need a shorter memory window for recent rewards and a longer memory window for punishments. This is consistent with optimistic bias in human behavior.
Synthetic dysmobility screen unveils an integrated STK40-YAP-MAPK system driving cell migration
Authors: Yu Ling-Yea , Tseng Ting-Jen , Lin Hsuan-Chao , Lu Ting-Xuan , Tsai Chia-Jung , Lin Yu-Chiao , Hsu Chi-Lin , Tsai Feng-Chiao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntegrating signals is essential for cell survival, leading to the concept of synthetic lethality. However, how signaling is integrated to control cell migration remains unclear. By conducting a “two-hit” screen, we revealed the synergistic reduction of cell migration when serine-threonine kinase 40 (STK40) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were simultaneously suppressed. Single-cell analyses showed that STK40 knockdown reduced cell motility and coordination by strengthening focal adhesion (FA) complexes. Furthermore, STK40 knockdown reduced translocation of yes-associated protein (YAP) into the nucleus, while MAPK inhibition further weakened YAP activities in the nucleus to disturb FA remodeling. Altogether, we unveiled an integrated STK40-YAP-MAPK system regulating cell migration, and introduced “synthetic dysmobility” as a novel strategy to collaboratively control cell migration.One Sentence SummaryBlocking collaborative pathways within the integrated signaling network synergistically disrupts the migration of cells.
A practical modification to a resting state fMRI protocol for improved characterization of cerebrovascular function
Authors: Stickland Rachael C. , Zvolanek Kristina M. , Moia Stefano , Ayyagari Apoorva , Caballero-Gaudes César , Bright Molly G. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTCerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), defined here as the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) response to a CO2pressure change, is a useful metric of cerebrovascular function. Both the amplitude and the timing (hemodynamic lag) of the CVR response can bring insight into the nature of a cerebrovascular pathology and aid in understanding noise confounds when using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to study neural activity. This research assessed a practical modification to a typical resting-state fMRI protocol, to improve the characterization of cerebrovascular function. In 9 healthy subjects, we modelled CVR and lag in three resting-state data segments, and in data segments which added a 2–3 minute breathing task to the start of a resting-state segment. Two different breathing tasks were used to induce fluctuations in arterial CO2pressure: a breath-hold task to induce hypercapnia (CO2increase) and a cued deep breathing task to induce hypocapnia (CO2decrease). Our analysis produced voxel-wise estimates of the amplitude (CVR) and timing (lag) of the BOLD-fMRI response to CO2by systematically shifting the CO2regressor in time to optimize the model fit. This optimization inherently increases grey matter CVR values and fit statistics. The inclusion of a simple breathing task, compared to a resting-state scan only, increases the number of voxels in the brain that have a significant relationship between CO2and BOLD-fMRI signals, and improves our confidence in the plausibility of voxel-wise CVR and hemodynamic lag estimates. We demonstrate the clinical utility and feasibility of this protocol in an incidental finding of Moyamoya disease, and explore the possibilities and challenges of using this protocol in younger populations. This hybrid protocol has direct applications for CVR mapping in both research and clinical settings and wider applications for fMRI denoising and interpretation.
Improving range shift predictions: enhancing the power of traits
Authors: Cannistra Anthony F. , Buckley Lauren B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAccurately predicting species’ range shifts in response to environmental change is a central ecological objective and applied imperative. In synthetic analyses, traits emerge as significant but weak predictors of species’ range shifts across recent climate change. These studies assume linearity in the relationship between a trait and its function, while detailed empirical work often reveals unimodal relationships, thresholds, and other nonlinearities in many trait-function relationships. We hypothesize that the use of linear modeling approaches fails to capture these nonlinearities and therefore may be under-powering traits to predict range shifts. We evaluate the predictive performance of four different machine learning approaches that can capture nonlinear relationships (ridge-regularized linear regression, ridge-regularized kernel regression, support vector regression, and random forests). We validate our models using four multi-decadal range shift datasets in montane plants, montane small mammals, and marine fish. We show that nonlinear approaches perform substantially better than least-squares linear modeling in reproducing historical range shifts. In addition, using novel model observation and interrogation techniques, the trait classes (e.g. dispersal-or diet-related traits) that we identify as primary drivers of model predictions are consistent with expectations. However, disagreements among models in the directionality of trait predictors suggests limits to trait-based statistical predictive frameworks.
Spatial model of water quality in Southeast Asian urban lake based on HBI using macrozoobenthos diversity as a proxy
Authors: Wibowo Andri 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUrban lake is one of ecosystem that has experienced anthropogenic pressures and this can affect its water quality. One of a robust approach to assess the water quality is by using Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI). This tool is quite versatile since it can be applied by using any aquatic organism as proxy including macrozoobenthos. This invertebrate group also has an advantage since it is common and easy to collect. Here this study is first, aiming to provide HBI based water quality spatial model using macrozoobenthos as a proxy applied in urban lake in West Java in Southeast Asia and second to seek the best model that can represent the water quality variables in particular dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and temperature. Based on the spatial model and HBI, either inlet or outlet parts of the lake, it has better water quality in comparison to central parts. Based on HBI values, water quality in inlet and outlet parts (HBI = 6.7) is categorized as fair and poor (HBI = 6.9) for the central parts of the lake. The increase in HBI and decrease in water quality are positively correlated with the increase in water temperature variable in comparison to water DO and pH variables. Akaike model selection confirms that the macrozoobenthos diversity can be used as a proxy for increase in water temperature (Ψ)HBI(~temp)(AIC = −10.264) followed by combination of water temperature increase and decrease in DO(Ψ)HBI(~temp+DO)(AIC = −9.042398).
Attenuation and dispersion phenomena of shear waves in anelastic and elastic porous strips
Authors: Alam Parvez , Jena Suprava , Badruddin Irfan Anjum , Khan Tatagar Mohammad Yunus , Kamangar Sarfaraz 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to study the attenuation and dispersion phenomena of shear waves in anelastic and elastic porous strips. Numerical investigations are performed for the phase and damped velocity profiles of the wave. For numerical computation purposes, water-saturated limestone and kerosene oil saturated sandstone for the first and second porous strips, respectively. Some other peculiarities have been observed and discussed.

Design/methodology/approach
Dispersion and attenuation characteristic of the shear wave propagations have been studied in an inhomogeneous poro-anelastic strip of finite thickness, which is clamped between an inhomogeneous poroelastic strip of finite thickness and an elastic half-space. Both the strips are initially stressed and the half-space is self-weighted. Analytical methods are used to calculate the interior deformations of the model with the involvement of special functions. The determination of the frequency equation, which includes the Bessel’s and Whittaker functions, has been obtained using the prescribed boundary conditions.

Findings
Impacts of attenuation coefficient, dissipation factor, inhomogeneities, initial stresses, Biot’s gravity, porosity and thickness ratio parameters on the velocity profile of the wave have been demonstrated through the graphical visuals. These parameters are playing an important role and working as a catalyst in affecting the propagation behaviour of the wave.

Originality/value
Inclusion of the concept of doubly layered initially stressed inhomogeneous porous structure of elastic and anelastic medium bedded over a self-weighted half-space medium brings a novelty to the existing literature related to the study of shear wave. It may be helpful to geologists, seismologists and structural engineers in the development of theoretical and practical studies.
Capitalizing on the spirit of giving: seeding virtual gift purchases in online social networks
Authors: Song Reo , Moisio Risto , Kang Moon Young 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
Virtual gifts have emerged as a common feature of online communities, social gaming and social networks. This paper aims to examine how network-related variables and gift-seeding impact virtual gift sales. The network variables include gift-giver centrality and gift-giving dispersion, capturing, respectively, the relative importance of gift-givers in a network and their tendency to give gifts to a greater or lesser number of network peers. Gift-seeding tactics capture social network firms’ attempts to stimulate virtual gift purchases by awarding virtual gifts to network members.

Design/methodology/approach
This study develops and estimates a fixed-effects panel data regression model to analyze virtual gift purchase data for a large social network service.

Findings
Gift-giver centrality, gift-giving dispersion and gift-seeding increase virtual gift purchases. Increases in consumers’ receipt of seed gifts from social network firms (“direct seeding”) and from other consumers (“indirect seeding”) increases virtual gift purchases. However, the extent to which consumers give seed gifts to their friends in the social network (“seed mediation”) does not affect sales. Greater gift-giver centrality amplifies (attenuates) the positive effects of direct (indirect) seeding. At greater levels of gift-giving dispersion, the effects of indirect seeding and seed mediation become negative. Furthermore, gift-seeding has spillover effects on virtual good (non-gift) purchases.

Research limitations/implications
This study’s data, drawn from a South Korean social network service, offer unique and valuable social network information on actual virtual gift purchases and their seeding. Future research should replicate the results of the study outside the South Korean context.

Practical implications
Given the effects reported in this study, social network firms can facilitate the purchases of virtual gifts by improving the targeting of consumers in social networks and gift-seeding tactics.

Originality/value
This study uniquely examines the individual and interactive effects of network-related variables and gift-seeding on virtual gift sales. The study is seminal in its examination of how gift-seeding can be used as a marketing tactic to increase virtual gift purchases.
A semi-implicit characteristic-based polynomial pressure projection for FEM to solve incompressible flows
Authors: Liu Mingyang , Zhu Huifen , Gao Guangjun , Jiang Chen , Liu G.R 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate a novel stabilization scheme to handle convection and pressure oscillation in the process of solving incompressible laminar flows by finite element method (FEM).

Design/methodology/approach
The semi-implicit stabilization scheme, characteristic-based polynomial pressure projection (CBP3) consists of the Characteristic-Galerkin method and polynomial pressure projection. Theoretically, the proposed scheme works for any type of element using equal-order approximation for velocity and pressure. In this work, linear 3-node triangular and 4-node tetrahedral elements are the focus, which are the simplest but most difficult elements for pressure stabilizations.

Findings
The present paper proposes a new scheme, which can stabilize FEM solution for flows of both low and relatively high Reynolds numbers. And the influence of stabilization parameters of the CBP3 scheme has also been investigated.

Research limitations/implications
The research in this work is limited to the laminar incompressible flow.

Practical implications
The verification and validation of the CBP3 scheme are conducted by several 2 D and 3 D numerical examples. The scheme could be used to deal with more practical fluid problems.

Social implications
The application of scheme to study complex hemodynamics of patient-specific abdominal aortic aneurysm is also presented, which demonstrates its potential to solve bio-flows.

Originality/value
The paper simulated 2 D and 3 D numerical examples with superior results compared to existing results and experiments. The novel CBP3 scheme is verified to be very effective in handling convection and pressure oscillation.
Outward FDI and productivity promotion of exporting firms: firm-level evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Song , Li Haoze , Chen Chunlai 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) conducted by exporting firms on their productivity.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses two Chinese firm-level datasets. To reduce the bias when merging the two datasets, this study uses a comprehensive link approach to obtain more observations. The propensity score matching method is employed together with the difference-in-difference and difference-in-difference-in-difference approaches to identify the casual effects.FindingsThe study finds that exporting firms become more productive through learning effect via OFDI, and the positive impact of OFDI on total factor productivity materializes very quickly but subject to diminishing return. The study also finds that state-owned enterprises gain less learning effect via OFDI than private-owned enterprises, and firms with higher export intensity or larger size tend to gain less improvement in productivity via OFDI.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to investigate empirically the impact of OFDI conducted by exporting firms on their productivity. In particular, the study analyzes three types of firm heterogeneous factors, namely, ownership, export intensity and size, in affecting exporting firms' learning effect via OFDI.
Quality and reliability studies in software defect management: a literature review
Authors: Pai Anusha R. , Joshi Gopalkrishna , Rane Suraj 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis paper is focused at studying the current state of research involving the four dimensions of defect management strategy, i.e. software defect analysis, software quality, software reliability and software development cost/effort.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology developed by Kitchenham (2007) is followed in planning, conducting and reporting of the systematic review. Out of 625 research papers, nearly 100 primary studies related to our research domain are considered. The study attempted to find the various techniques, metrics, data sets and performance validation measures used by researchers.FindingsThe study revealed the need for integrating the four dimensions of defect management and studying its effect on software performance. This integrated approach can lead to optimal use of resources in software development process.Research limitations/implicationsThere are many dimensions in defect management studies. The authors have considered only vital few based on the practical experiences of software engineers. Most of the research work cited in this review used public data repositories to validate their methodology and there is a need to apply these research methods on real datasets from industry to realize the actual potential of these techniques.Originality/valueThe authors believe that this paper provides a comprehensive insight into the various aspects of state-of-the-art research in software defect management. The authors feel that this is the only research article that delves into the four facets namely software defect analysis, software quality, software reliability and software development cost/effort.
Making better foreign friendships: the effects of increased cultural diversity in alliance portfolios and portfolio configuration decisions on firm performance
Authors: Li Ning , Murphy William Hoggan 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effect of increases in alliance portfolio cultural diversity (IAPCD) on a firm’s performance and how portfolio configuration characteristics moderate this effect, aiming to enable managers to make better partner choice and portfolio configuration decisions to improve performance.Design/methodology/approachThe sample includes 2,326 focal firms from 93 countries that formed 7,616 alliances between the years 1992 and 2006. This study uses generalized method of moments estimation to examine the effects of portfolio changes on next year’s firm sales performance.FindingsResults reveal an inverted-U relationship between IAPCD and firm performance. Data limitations led to examining moderating effects only on the upslope portion of the inverted-U, indicating that an increasing percentage of joint ventures in a firm’s alliance portfolio strengthens IAPCD’s contribution to performance. Further, increased numbers of marketing alliances or research and development alliances and increased percentage of horizontal alliances in an alliance portfolio have a negative moderating effect.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample mostly covers large companies. The data indicate that nearly all firms are on the upslope of an inverted-U IAPCD–to–performance relationship, allowing testing of moderating effects pre-inflection point only.Practical implicationsFirms can leverage the additions of culturally diverse partners toward improved performance through astute configuration decisions in alliance portfolio composition.Originality/valueThis paper uses the knowledge-based view to contribute to the alliance portfolio literature. This study asserts that capacity constraints affect firms’ ability to realize performance gains when taking on culturally diverse partners, an effect moderated by portfolio configurations. This paper tests hypothesis with longitudinal data.
The impact of ambivalence on recovery from non-suicidal self-injury: considerations for health professionals
Authors: Gray Nicole , Hasking Penelope , Boyes Mark E. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a growing public health concern. Continued NSSI is often associated with negative outcomes, yet the behaviour usually serves a purpose for individuals who self-injure (e.g. emotional relief). As such, individuals who self-injure often experience ambivalence about the behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of recognising ambivalence as a natural and expected part of the recovery process.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws on literature regarding NSSI recovery, ambivalence towards stopping the behaviour and challenges for both clients and health professionals.

Findings
This paper argues that ambivalence towards self-injury can be challenging for both clients and health professionals. Clients may feel shame and sense of failure if they experience a setback; health professionals may experience frustration towards clients who continue to self-injure despite treatment.

Originality/value
Validation of the clients’ experience can have significant positive outcomes in treatment and help-seeking behaviours. Acknowledgement of client ambivalence during the recovery process will serve to validate clients’ experience and facilitate rapport. Health professionals who accept ambivalence as a natural part of the recovery process may experience less frustration with clients who continue to self-injure.
Training as an internal marketing tool within the franchise system
Authors: Domínguez-Falcón Carmen , Fernández-Monroy Margarita , Galván-Sánchez Inmaculada , Ballesteros-Rodríguez José Luis 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the important role of training (specifically, training relevance and training transfer) in enhancing franchisor-franchisee relationship satisfaction, and its influence upon customer performance (e.g., customer satisfaction, quality service), all driven by an internal marketing (IM) culture.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical study consisting of a questionnaire was conducted on a final sample of 157 individuals who are members of the franchise system. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the research hypotheses.FindingsThe results reveal that IM culture has a direct influence on training relevance; likewise, training relevance provides a positive and significant effect on training transfer, which does directly affect franchisor-franchisee relationship satisfaction and at least also impacts indirectly on customer performance.Practical implicationsIn order to ensure the success of the franchise system and customer satisfaction, all franchise parties should take a proactive role in the configuration of the training programmes. This proactive role should be conformed based on an IM culture developed properly by the franchise to strengthen a successful long-term relationship.Originality/valueThis paper provides an innovative approach to strengthen the franchisor-franchisee relationship through training based on the IM culture. This exploratory study integrates different theoretical frameworks that, to our knowledge, have not been linked, such as IM culture and franchise literature, considering the franchisee as an internal customer who has an influence on external customer satisfaction, with training and training transfer as essential key factors.