bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intranasal dexmedetomidine to facilitate mask induction and prevent emergence delirium.
Authors: Denis Michiel , Goethuys Hans , Vandermeulen Elly , Mesotten Dieter , Vundelinckx Joris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background As children are exposed to stress and anxiety during the perioperative period, pre-anaesthetic medication to facilitate induction of anaesthesia without prolonging recovery is needed. Dexmedetomidine is increasingly being used for sedation in the intensive care units and for procedural anaesthesia outside the operating room. However, the effectiveness of pre-operative sedation with intranasal dexmedetomidine in paediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery has not yet been well characterised. Aims To identify the effectiveness of intranasal dexmedetomidine in facilitating mask induction and preventing emergence agitation. Methods In a single centre retrospective implementation study, we compared intranasal dexmedetomidine (2 µg/kg) administration, sequentially in all paediatric patients undergoing minor urological surgery between January 2019 and July 2019 with a period in which dexmedetomidine was not administered. The outcome measures were tolerance of mask induction, post-operative sedation and the Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium scale (PAED) score. Results The 53 children in the control group were compared with 50 children in the dexmedetomidine group during implementation. The incidence of sedation on mask induction was greater in patients given dexmedetomidine compared to those who did not receive premedication (60% versus 0%, p<0.0001). The proportion of children who were asleep but easily arousable in the recovery room and in day-care hospital was greater in the dexmedetomidine group compared to the control group. (32% versus 7% in the recovery room; p=0.004, and 20% versus 2% in day-care hospital, p = 0.002). The PAED scores did not differ between the two groups, neither in the recovery room nor in day-care hospital. Conclusion In paediatric patients undergoing small urologic surgery, premedication with intranasal dexmedetomidine in a dose of 2µg/kg provides adequate sedation and anxiolysis on mask induction and in the postoperative period. These results from an implementation study need to be confirmed in a multicentre blinded randomised controlled trial.
A Novel Lytic Phage SZW_AS01 of Human Gut Bacteria Alistipes Shahii
Authors: Li Yanchen , Shen Juntao , Chen Junyu , Mo Luofei , Zhang Jieqiong , Liu Shiying , Dai Lei , Ma Yingfei , You Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Alisitipes phage SZW_AS01, a novel lytic phage that specifically infects Alistipes shahii, was isolated from wastewater samples in Shenzhen, China. The phage's genome consists of 45,392 bp, with a GC content of 47%. The genome encodes 56 putative open reading frames (ORFs) and 1 tRNA gene. Direct terminal repeats with a length of 55 bp are present at both ends of the genome. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of terminase large subunit shows that phage SZW_AS01 forms a distinct branch from the Siphoviridae family phages, but is far from the Podoviridae and Myoviridae family phages. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that SZW_AS01 belongs to the Siphoviridae family. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a lytic phage infecting bacteria in the Alistipes genus.
Describing Community Understanding of Male Involvement in Antenatal, Delivery and Postnatal care; “rural context of Ibanda District, Southwest Uganda”
Authors: Bagenda Fred , Batwala Vincent , Muchunguzi Charles , Kabakyenga Jerome , Atuyambe Lynn 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction:Male involvement in the reproductive health of their partners has been shown to have positive outcomes of health. However male involvement description varies within communities due to different social and gender contexts. The description of male involvement is not documented in Ibanda.Therefore this study was done to describe male involvement in the local context.Methods:The study was conceptualized, planned, and executed with combined cross-sectional, exploratory, and Grounded Theory research designs because of its complexity in nature and the fact that this theory conceptualizes behavior. Data collection was using qualitative methods; narrative interviews and analyzed using a content-based approach. All methods were done in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Results:The two broad themes that describe male involvement were mostly instrumentalist and included the Level of involvement and social support perspective of involvement. Sub-themes were obtained under the description of male involvement as the extent to which males were involved, including just impregnating the wife without further attachment throughout the engagement. The subthemes/activities on the describing of male involvement as the perspective of social support included emotional support, role play in the wellbeing of mother and child, men's preparedness, and physical support. Physical support included; nutritional support, buying clothes for the expected baby, providing transportation, escorting the mother to a health facility, helping the wife with household chores as well as informative/appraisal supports.Conclusion:The description of male involvement in antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care was mostly based on the "Instrumental" approach with two broad themes of Level of involvement and Social support. The level of involvement varied from none to high while social support included; emotional, having a role to play in the wellbeing of the mother and baby, the preparedness of man, and physical support.It is therefore important to understand the context of male involvement in each community to use the most appropriate intervention to increase male involvement.
Decomposing Differences in Health Service Utilization between Older Rurul-to-Urban Migrant Workers and Older Rural Residents：What is Driving the Differences?
Authors: Li Dan , Zhang Jian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: In recent years, the widening gap of health service utilization between different groups in mainland China has become an important issue that cannot be avoided. Yet the related study on the health services utilization for older rural-to-urban migrant workers and comparative study on older rural-to-urban migrants in China is still in its infancy. Our study explored the health service utilization of the older rural-to-urban migrant workers based on a sinicization of the latest Andersen model, by comparison with the older rural dwellers. Further, our study revealed the facets and causes by decomposing the differences in the health service utilization into determinants.Methods: The data of China Labor-Force Dynamic Survey in 2016, the data of Urban Statistical Yearbook in 2016, and Statistical Bulletin were used. Our study applied the lasted Andersen Model according to China's currency situation. Before we studied the health service utilization, we used Coarsened Exact Matching to control the confounding factors to enhance the comparability of the two groups. The matched data were used to analyze the influencing factors. Fairlie decomposition method was used to analyze the differences and the sources of health service utilization between older rural-to-urban migrant workers and their rural counterparts.Results: After matching, the probability of two weeks outpatient of older rural-to-urban migrant workers (5.59%) was significantly lower than older rural dwellers (7.57%). The probability of inpatient of older rural migrant workers (5.59%) was significantly lower than older rural dwellers (9.07%). 17.98% of the total difference of two weeks outpatient utilization was due to the observed influence factors. 71.88% of the total difference of inpatient utilization was due to the observed influence factors. Income quantiles (49.57%), self-assessed health (80.91%), and sex ratio in the community (-102.29%) were significant in the differences of inpatient utilization.Conclusions: The findings have important implications for the difference in the health services utilization between older rural-to-urban migrant workers and older rural residents in China, urging the government to take full account of the heterogeneity. The results provide references for the healthcare policy reform in the process of active ageing in China.
Synthesis, Crystal Growth, Structure, Crystalline Perfection, Thermal, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Investigations on 2-Amino-5-Nitropyridine 4-Chlorobenzoic Acid (1:1): A Novel Organic Single Crystal for NLO and Optical Limiting Optical Applications
Authors: Vediyappan Sivasubramani , Raja Arumugam , Jauhar Ro Mu , Kasthuri Ramachandran , Vijayan Vishwanathan , Pandian Muthu Senthil , Perumalsamy Ramasamy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
2-amino-5-nitropyridine 4-chlorobenzoic acid (1:1) (2A5NP4CBA), a potentially useful organic adduct compound has been synthesized and grown as optically transparent single crystals by conventional slow evaporation solution technique (SEST) for the first time in the literature. The formation of the new crystalline material was confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) analysis and the crystal structure of the grown crystal was found to be monoclinic. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum has been recorded by the KBr pellet technique to determine the various vibrational functional groups in the title material. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) analyses have been carried out and the obtained results reveal that the grown crystal has a single-phase and is free from structural grain boundaries. The obtained less value (32 arc-s) of full width at half maximum (FWHM) for (001) plane indicates the excellent crystalline quality of the title 2A5NP4CBA single crystal. The linear optical properties were evaluated by the UV-vis-NIR absorption and transmittance analyses and the obtained results reveal that the grown crystal possesses more than 70% of optical transmittance window with the cut-off edge at 419 nm. The thermal analysis discloses that the grown crystal possesses good thermal stability of about 187°C. To determine the appropriateness of the grown crystal for the high-power laser application, laser damage threshold (LDT) analysis has been carried out by Nd: YAG laser of a wavelength of 1064 nm. The third-order nonlinear optical coefficients such as nonlinear absorption (β), nonlinear refraction (n 2 ) and nonlinear susceptibility (χ (3) ) have been evaluated by utilizing the single beam Z-scan technique using a solid-state laser of wavelength 532 nm. The calculated ꭓ (3) value is found to be reasonably good compared to other organic single crystals which are reported in the literature. The optical limiting (OL) behavior of the title crystal was evaluated using a solid-state laser at 532 nm and the limiting threshold was found to be 7.8 mW/cm 2 .
Emissions from Fossil Fuels Produced on US Federal Lands Present Opportunities for Climate Mitigation
Authors: Ratledge Nathan , Zachary Laura , Huntley Chase 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Between 2005 and 2019 emissions from fossil fuels produced on federal lands and waters accounted for nearly a quarter of annual US energy emissions, roughly 1,400 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year. Despite their magnitude, emissions stemming from federal lands energy production have not historically featured in US climate policy. To better understand their future role in the US’s emissions profile, we model coal, oil and natural gas production on federal lands and waters to 2030, and then calculate associated lifecycle climate emissions. We estimate that total emissions from fossil fuels produced on federal lands and waters decline 28% below 2010 levels by 2030, which falls well short of the 45% global reduction target needed to be consistent with avoiding a 1.5°C temperature rise. The Biden-Harris administration will likely need to pursue a suite of actions if they hope to bring federal emissions in line with ambitious climate targets. Several options, including a carbon adder on royalties for new federal leases, can be quickly enacted without Congressional approval.
Effect of Initial Switch-On Within 24 Hours of Cochlear Implantation Using Slim Modiolar Electrodes: Potential Clinical Implications
Authors: Sunwoo Woongsang , Jeon Hyoung Won , Choi Byung Yoon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reducing electrode impedance is an important factor in improving the functional benefits of cochlear implants (CIs). The immediate effect of early switch-on within 24 hours of surgery on impedance among CI recipients with various types of electrodes has been reported previously; however, the immediate change and the evolution of electrode impedances of slim modiolar electrodes after early switch-on within 24 hours of implantation has not. Therefore, the focus of this study was to compare the effect of early switch-on and conventional switch-on 3–4 weeks post-operation on impedance. Compared with impedance measured intraoperatively, our results demonstrate a significant drop in impedance for early switch-on, which sharply contrasted with elevated impedance values for conventional switch-on 3–4 weeks after implantation. Notably, a comparatively lower impedance than the conventional switch-on protocol was observed for up to 2 months post-operation. Most importantly, a much earlier stabilization of impedance can be achieved with the early switch-on protocol coupled with the slim modiolar electrode array compared to the conventional switch-on protocol, offering the advantage of reducing the number of required mapping sessions in the early stages of rehabilitation.
Unveiling the Interlayer Spacing Dependence of Zn-Ion Storage Performance in Layered Vanadium Phosphates
Authors: Hu Linfeng , Wu Zeyi , Lu Chengjie , Ye Fei , Pang Ruilvjing , Liu Yang , Sun Zhengming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Layered vanadium phosphate (VOPO4•2H2O) is reported as a promising cathode material for rechargeable aqueous Zn2+ batteries (ZIBs) owing to its unique layered framework and high discharge plateau. However, its sluggish Zn2+ diffusion kinetics, the low specific capacity and poor electrochemcial stability remains a major issue in battery application. In this work, a group of phenylamine (PA)-intercalated VOPO4•2H2O with varied interlayer spacing (14.8, 15.6 and 16.5 Å) is synthesized respectively via a solvothermal method for cathode of aqueous ZIBs. The specific capacity is quite dependent on d-spacing in PA-VOPO4•2H2O system followed by an approximate linear tendency, and the maximum interlayer spacing (16.5 Å phase) results in a discharge capacity of 268.2 mAh•g-1 at 0.1 A•g-1 with a high discharge plateau of ~ 1.3 V and an energy density of 328.5 Wh•Kg-1. Both of the experimental data and DFT calculation identify that the optimal 16.5 Å spacing can boost fast Zinc-ion diffusion with an ultrahigh diffusion coefficient of ~ 5.7 × 10-8 cm-2•s-1. The intercalation of PA molecules also significantly increases the hydrophobility in the aqueous electrolyte, resulting in the inhibiting the decomposition / dissolution of VOPO4•2H2O and remarkably improved cycling stability over 2000 cycles at 5.0 A•g-1 with a capacity retention of ~200 mAh•g-1. Our study provides a feasible solution on the sluggish Zn2+ diffusion kinetics and poor cyclstability, and also shows a clear understanding on the interlayer chemistry of layered phosphates towards aqueous Zinc-ion storage.
A retrospective cohort study on clinical characteristics of heart failure patients with HFrEF, HFmrEFand HFpEF in geriatrics of Northeastern China
Authors: Zhao Ziwei , Hu Cuizhu , Wang Xiaoou , Tian Wen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Heart failure (HF) has been considered as one of the leading cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and high mortality in the world. However, there is a lack of analysis on the clinical characteristics of different types of elderly HF patients in geriatrics of Northeastern China.We conducted this single-center, retrospective study to evaluate the clinical characteristics of HF patients with mid-range(HFmrEF), preserved (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in a Chinese cohort. Methods: The study was conducted on 1230 patients of age 60 or above, with HF from Jan. 02, 2014 to May 03, 2018 hospitalized in geriatrics department, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. All the patients met the definition for HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF according to 2016 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines.Targeted variables including demographics, vital signs, comorbidities and lab assessment results were compared among the three groups by Pearson’s χ2 test, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for risk factor exploration on the three types of HF. Results:Of the 1230 patients included (78.28±9.0years, 67.15%male), there are 93 patients with HFrEF(7.5%), 56 patients with HFmrEF (4.5%) and 1081 patients with HFpEF (87.8%). Compared to patients with HFpEF, those with HFmrEF were more likely to have comorbid acute myocardial infarction, infection and coronary artery disease, had higher level of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), white blood cell (WBC). And patients with HFpEF were more frequently to be female, to be older, and to have comorbid peripheral artery disease, but less frequently had AMI, CAD and kidney disease than those with HFrEF. However, patients with HFmrEF had no significant difference from those with HFrEF. Multivariable analysis showed that comorbid atrial fibrillation,AMI and infection were associated with HFmrEF (p<0.05), whereas female, old age, comorbid hypertension,and PAD were associatedwithHFpEF, and CAD,kidney disease were associated with HFrEF (p<0.05). Conclusions:The results of our study supported that patients with HFmrEF were closer to patients with HFrEF in respect to most of the demographics andclinical characteristics observed, while showing certain differences from patients with HFpEF. Trial registration: The study was approved by the local ethics committee from the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University(#2020232,July 13,2020).
Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for Expression Studies in Pomegranate Under Different Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions
Authors: Doddaraju Puspha , Kumar Pavan , Dashyal Mahesh S , Girigowda Manjunath 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is an important economic fruit crop, facing many biotic and abiotic challenges during cultivation. Several research programs are in progress to understand both biotic and abiotic stress factors and mitigate these challenges using gene expression studies based on the qPCR approach. However, research publications are not available yet to select the standard reference gene for normalizing target gene expression values in pomegranate. The most suitable candidate reference gene is required to ensure precise and reliable results for qPCR analysis. In the current research, eight candidate reference genes' stability was evaluated under different stress conditions using different algorithms such as ∆Ct, geNorm, BestKeeper, NormFinder and RefFinder. The various algorithms revealed that EFA1 and 18S rRNA were common and most stable reference genes (RGs) under abiotic and wilt stress. Whereas comprehensive ranking by RefFinder showed GAPDH and CYPF were the most stable RGs under combined biotic (pooled samples of all biotic stress) and bacterial blight samples. The two most stable reference genes are adequate for normalizing target gene expression under wilt, nematode, bacterial blight and abiotic stress conditions using qPCR. The above data provide comprehensive details for the selection of a candidate reference gene in various stresses in pomegranate
Corneal incision on steepest meridian in phacoemulsification, could it correct the corneal astigmatism?
Authors: Ziada Hossam Eldin Abdelmonem 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Cataract surgery is regarded as refractive surgery when we are aiming at eliminating corneal astigmatism. So when planning a surgery both spherical and astigmatic components should be taken into account to achieve emmetropia postoperativelyPurpose: Measuring the changes of keratometric reading (K1, K2) after phacoemulsification surgery with planned incision on the steepest meridian in 50 eyes presenting as well with corneal astigmatism checking if this planned incision on steepest meridian could be an effective method or not to decrease the corneal astigmatism.Patients and Methods: A prospective study included 50 eyes of 35 patients that had immature senile cataract with corneal astigmatism more than 1 Diopter. Patients had been recruited and followed up in private eye center in Cairo. Phacoemulsification was done in all cases with placing the main clear corneal incision (0.5 mm from anatomical limbus, 2 mm tunnel length, 3 mm widths) on the steepest meridian. Follow up of patients included UCVA and BCVA at recorded 3 visits; 1 week, 1 month and 3months postoperatively, K-reading changes after 3 months postoperatively detected with pentacam, also, slit-lamp to assess both anterior and posterior segments.Results: this study showed a statistically significant change of front corneal astigmatism of 0.70 D and of 0.07 D of back corneal astigmatism.Conclusion: This method is effective in mild degree corneal astigmatism (up to 1D), while higher degree of astigmatism may need different method of intervention to be more effective in correction of astigmatism. We recommended measuring the IOL power depending on expected postoperative keratometric reading.
Evaluation of Fetuin-A level and related factors in obese adolescents
Authors: Kucukali Gulin Karacan , Çetinkaya Semra , Kurnaz Erdal , Bayramoğlu Elvan , Özalkak Şervan , Demirci Gülşah , Öztürk Hasan Serdar , Erdeve Şenay Savaş , Aycan Zehra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Inflammation is thought to be responsible for insülin resistance and fatty liver in obese cases. The contribution of fetuin-A the inflammation process is not clear. We aimed to evaluate fetuin-A levels in obese adolescents and to evaluate its relationship with anthropometric data, insulin levels and high-sensitive CRP. We found that there was no difference in fetuin-A levels between obese and healthy cases in the whole group. However, hs-CRP levels of obese patients were found to be significantly higher than healthy subjects. There was no difference in terms of fetuin-A and hs-CRP levels between the insulin-resistance and non-resistance group. There was no correlation between lipid parameters and fetuin-A levels. There was no difference in terms of fetuin-A and hs-CRP in cases with and without fatty liver. This may suggest that although systemic inflammation starts in obese patients, fetuin-A is not involved in this process or that the negative effect of fetuin-A on inflammation with other factors is still balanced in the adolescent age group. As a conclusion, further studies are needed to evaluate at what stage and how fetuin-A participates in systemic inflammation physiopathologically.