bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient detection of Parkinson's disease using deep learning techniques over medical data
Authors: Sahu Lipsita , Sharma Rohit , Sahu Ipsita , Das Manoja , Sahu Bandita , Kumar Raghvendra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractParkinson's disease is a degenerative disease that leads to brain disorder and nonfunctioning of different body parts. Deep learning tools like artificial neural network (ANN), convolution neural network (CNN), regression Analysis (RA), and so on, has been considered to a great extent in recent days. Several data sets based on the motor and nonmotor symptoms are applied to different classifier for correct identification of Parkinson's patient from healthy people. In this paper, hybridization of two deep learning tools such as, RA and ANN are done for effective diagnosis of the disease by probability estimation. The communal merits of individual approaches of the existing approaches are realized in this context for accurate probability estimation. Data preprocessing and probability estimation of preprocessed data is done in RA. The second existing approach is used to identify the PD patient by comparing with a predefined threshold value of a neuron. The estimation is performed on the data set of speech recognition, iron content, and pulse rate among a group of people. The proposed approach is compared with the existing approaches like, SVM and k‐NN classifier. The computed result reveals the superiority of the proposed algorithm with 93.46% accuracy.
Fishing for health: Do the world’s national policies for fisheries and aquaculture align with those for nutrition?
Authors: Koehn John Zachary , Allison Edward H , Villeda Karen , Chen Zelin , Nixon Marisa , Crigler Emily , Zhao Lily , Chow Michelle , Vaitla Bapu , Thilsted Shakuntala H , Scholtens Joeri , Hicks Christina C , Andrew Neil 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAquatic foods are rich in micronutrients essential to human health, and fisheries and aquaculture are increasingly recognized for their capacity to contribute to reducing global micronutrient deficiencies and diet‐based health risks. Whether fisheries and aquaculture sector and public health nutrition policies align to meet this goal, however, is unclear. Do fisheries and aquaculture policies have explicit nutrition and public health objectives? Do public health nutrition policies recognize the contribution of aquatic foods? Using content analysis, we assessed the alignment of objectives in national fisheries and public health nutrition policies. We further determined conditions associated with varying levels of cohesion among policies in these sectors or domains. We found that 77 of 158 national fisheries policies identified nutrition as a key objective in the sector, and 68 of 165 public health nutrition policies identified the importance of fish and shellfish consumption as key objectives. More recent policies were associated with improved coherence among sectors. International organization presence in policy development was also associated with greater coherence. Countries with higher overweight prevalence had fisheries and public health nutrition policies that were not aligned. There has been a promising recent trend for improved alignment of objectives between fisheries and public health nutrition policies, but more targeted and systematic policy approaches are needed to realize the potential contribution of nutrient‐rich fish and shellfish to healthier food systems.
Soil pH determines bacterial distribution and assembly processes in natural mountain forests of eastern China
Authors: Ni Yingying , Yang Teng , Ma Yuying , Zhang Kaoping , Soltis Pamela S. , Soltis Douglas E. , Gilbert Jack A. , Zhao Yunpeng , Fu Chengxin , Chu Haiyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThere have been numerous studies of forest‐soil microbial biogeography, but an integrated view of edaphic factors, plant, climatic factors, and geographic distance in determining the variation of bacterial community and assembly processes remains unclear at large spatial scales. Here, we analysed the factors affecting the biogeographic pattern and assembly processes of soil bacterial communities under 58 tree species in five natural mountain forests.LocationEastern China.Major taxa studiedBacterial communities.MethodsHierarchical partitioning analysis and distance decay models were performed to evaluate the relative contributions of plant phylogeny, environmental, and spatial variables to the composition of bacterial communities. We applied the nearest taxon index (NTI), β‐nearest taxon index (βNTI), and the modified Raup–Crick metric to reveal the mechanisms of bacterial assembly processes.ResultsWe found that plant phylogeny accounted for a significant, but minor, fraction (0.7%) of the variation in composition of bacterial communities. In contrast, soil pH was the primary determinant of bacterial diversity and community composition, independently explaining 68.6 and 69.9% of the variation, respectively. Based on the NTI analysis, bacterial community assembly was more phylogenetically clustered with increasing soil pH. Variable selection was the predominant process explaining bacterial community assembly when differences in soil pH were ≥ 0.83, whereas homogenizing dispersal dominated when differences in soil pH were <0.83. However, there was no significant relationship between plant phylogenetic distance and βNTI.Main conclusionsOur findings provide strong evidence that soil pH predominantly determines bacterial distribution and mediates the relative impact of stochasticity and determinism in soil bacterial community assembly. This suggests that climate‐change associated forest soil acidification could have a dramatic impact on soil bacterial diversity, composition, and function.
The common good and academic freedom in Poland
Authors: Szadkowski Krystian , Krzeski Jakub 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the inadequacy of the universal approach to academic freedom, which fails to account for the extent to which academic freedom can be exercised. Instead of considering the fixed meaning of academic freedom, the article proposes a relational approach. One that focuses on the relation between academic freedom and the common good, as particular articulations of academic freedom are legitimized through reference to the quasi‐universal concept of the common good. To ground this argument, the article examines different historical meanings of the idea of the common good in the relations between the state and the university sector in Poland, and the effect they had on the content and extent of academic freedom. In doing so, it contributes to the discussion on the cultural and national specificities of both academic freedom and the common good.
Hypertension among Mongolian adults in China: A cross‐sectional study of prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and related factors
Authors: Yu Peiyao , Ning Yuzhen , Gao Yumin , Zhao Yanping , Tie Lin , Wu Lijitu , Zhang Lili , Zhang Ru , Cui Meng , Pang Hui , Wu Qian , Wang Zhidi , Chen Le , Zhao Lingyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe objectives of the study were to comprehend the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and prehypertension (PHT), awareness, treatment, and control of HTN and its distribution in urban, agricultural, pastoral, and semi‐agricultural/semi‐pastoral areas, and to explore the related factors of HTN among Mongolian adults in China. From August 2018 to August 2020, a multi‐stage stratified cluster random sampling method was conducted to investigate the prevalence of HTN among Mongolian adults aged ≥18 years living in China (n = 2558). Inclusion criteria for HTN were systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg and/or had hypertensive history and/or taking antihypertensive drugs for HTN. The prevalence rates of HTN and PHT were 44.77% and 32.03%, respectively. The prevalence rates of PHT in urban, agricultural, pastoral, and semi‐agricultural/semi‐pastoral areas were 34.93%, 34.73%, 26.03%, and 33.44%, respectively, and the prevalence rates of HTN were 35.97%, 40.15%, 49.68%, and 48.07%, respectively. The awareness, treatment and control rates of HTN were 66.48%, 58.93%, and 16.48%, respectively. In this survey, the overweight, obesity, and central obesity rates were 34.30%, 30.67%, and 58.08%, respectively. Compared with Chinese adults ≥18 years, the prevalence rate of HTN among Mongolian adults in China aged ≥ 18 years was relatively high; the prevalence rate of PHT and HTN awareness, treatment, and control rates were similar. The prevalence of HTN and the rates of obesity and central obesity were higher in pastoral regions than in the other three types of regions, and the rate of overweight was highest in agricultural regions.
Seasonal differences in hypothalamic thyroid‐stimulating hormone β, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone‐I and deiodinase expression between migrant and resident subspecies of white‐crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys)
Authors: Pérez Jonathan H. , Krause Jesse S. , Bishop Valerie R. , Reid Angus M. A. , Sia Michael , Wingfield John C. , Meddle Simone L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcross taxa, the seasonal transition between non‐breeding and breeding states is controlled by localised thyroid hormone signalling in the deep brain via reciprocal switching of deiodinase enzyme expression from type 3 (DIO3) to type 2 (DIO2). This reciprocal switch is considered to be mediated by increasing thyroid‐stimulating hormone β (TSHβ) release from the pars tuberalis, which occurs in response to a change in photoperiod. Although well characterised in a handful of model organisms in controlled laboratory settings, this pathway remains largely unexplored in free‐living animals under natural environmental conditions. In this comparative gene expression study, we investigated hypothalamic thyroid hormone signalling in two seasonally breeding subspecies of white‐crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys), across the entirety of their annual cycles. The migratory Gambel's (Z.l.gambelii) and resident Nuttall's (Z.l.nuttalii) subspecies differ with respect to timing of reproduction, as well as life history stage and migratory strategies. Although DIO3 mRNA expression was elevated and DIO2 mRNA expression was reduced in the wintering period in both subspecies, DIO2 peaked in both subspecies prior to the onset of reproduction. However, there was differential timing between subspecies in peak DIO2 expression. Intriguingly, seasonal modulation of TSHβ mRNA was only observed in migrants, where expression was elevated at the start of breeding, consistent with observations from other highly photoperiodic species. There was no correlation between TSHβ, DIO2 and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone‐I mRNA or reproductive metrics in residents. Based on these observed differences, we discuss potential implications for our understanding of how changes in medial basal hypothalamic gene expression mediates initiation of seasonal reproduction.
Effectiveness of mHealth–Safe Kids Hospital for the prevention of hospitalized children safety incidents: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Il Tae , Oh Won‐Oak , Jang Gwang‐Cheon , Han Jihee 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreschool‐age children in hospitals are at a high risk of unexpected incidents. Safety incidents in hospitals can cause serious damage to the children.ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of the mobile‐type mHealth Safe Kids Hospital (SKH) application (app) for the prevention of hospitalized child safety incidents.DesignThis study used a three‐group, randomized controlled trial pre‐post design.Setting(s)This study was conducted in the pediatric ward of three general hospitals in Korea.ParticipantsA total of 124 eligible hospitalized children and their caregivers were enrolled in the study from June to December 2018. Of these, 116 finally participated in the study, and 8 were excluded because they were discharged before the intervention.MethodsHospitalized preschool‐age children and their caregivers were randomly allocated into three groups: experimental group I (n = 39), experimental group II (n = 39), and the control group (n = 38). Experimental group I received the SKH app intervention, the experimental group II received a paper‐based intervention, whereas the control group received the usual intervention. Participants’ outcomes of awareness, knowledge, and behavior related to hospital safety, were assessed at two time points: baseline and 24 h after the intervention.ResultsHospital safety awareness had a higher increase after intervention in experimental groups I and II than in the control group. Among the four subdomains of hospital safety awareness, there was a significant increase in the scores of experimental group I on three subdomains after the intervention: falls (F = 8.19, p < 0.001), burns (F = 6.73, p = 0.002), and medical devices (F = 6.81, p = 0.002). In hospital safety knowledge and safety behavior, experimental group I had the highest average score after the intervention compared with experimental group II and the control group; however, there was no statistically significant difference in the average score of the three groups.ConclusionsUsing the SKH app is easy to attract the interest of preschool‐age children and is also easy for nurses to use in clinical trials; thus, it is considered to be a useful educational intervention to prevent safety incidents in clinical fields in future.Clinical RelevanceIt is thought to contribute to the prevention of preschool‐age children's safety incidents in pediatric wards.
Influencing factors of resource utilisation in haemodialysis patients—Based on socioecological pyramid model
Authors: Yao Xiao‐Yue , Wang Yan , Liu Zhun‐Ji , Li Yu‐Qin , Fan Xiao‐Li 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe the current situation and analyse influencing factors of resource utilisation in maintenance haemodialysis patients.BackgroundThe self‐management level of patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis in China is low. The applicability of the Chronic Illness Resources Survey in Chinese maintenance haemodialysis patients has been validated, and this survey can be used to assess the utilisation of self‐management support resources among haemodialysis patients. Determining the influencing factors of resource utilisation can help improve the self‐management behaviour of haemodialysis patients and control the progression of the disease.DesignA descriptive study design was chosen.MethodsA convenience sample of 314 patients undergoing haemodialysis was recruited from dialysis centres in three hospitals in western Xinjiang from June 2018–April 2019. SPSS19.0 software was used to describe the current situation of resource utilisation. Moreover, t test, analysis of variance and multivariate linear regression were applied to explore the influencing factors of patients’ resource utilisation. Standards for observational studies STROBE Statement checklist‐v4 were chosen on reporting the study process.ResultsThe average score of the total resource utilisation was 2.95 ± 0.51. The average item score of seven dimensions from high to low was 3.46 for medical staff, 3.32 for personal, 3.22 for family and friends, 3.16 for work‐related, 3.12 for media policy, 2.55 for neighbourhood/community and 2.23 for organisation. Multiple linear regression showed that there have six main factors, which explained 65.4% of the variance of haemodialysis patients’ resource utilisation.ConclusionsThe personal, family and friends, work and media and policy subscales were rated the highest, with support from neighbourhood/community and organisation rated the lowest. In general, participants perceived moderate levels of support. Government and healthcare team should pay more attention on haemodialysis patients who had low level of education, poor economic conditions and poor mental condition.Relevance to clinical practiceESRD has caused a burden on healthcare expenditure and has become a critical public health problem worldwide. Self‐management is particularly important for dialysis patients which have attracted extensive interest. In the future research, we can use this questionnaire to evaluate the related resources of disease management of dialysis patients, encourage patients to make full use of the resources around them and focus on those patients with low education and monthly income level and bad mental state.
Genetic variants of HOTAIR are associated with susceptibility to recurrent spontaneous abortion: A preliminary case–control study
Authors: Salimi Saeedeh , Sargazi Saman , Heidari Nia Milad , Mirani Sargazi Fariba , Ghasemi Marzieh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between Hox transcript antisenses RNA (HOTAIR) polymorphisms, rs12826786 C/T, rs920778 T/C, rs4759314 A/G, and rs1899663 G/T, with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) susceptibility in the Iranian women.MethodsWe enrolled 161 patients diagnosed with RSA and 177 healthy women with at least one live birth without a history of abortion. Genotyping of HOTAIR polymorphisms was carried out using both restriction fragment length polymorphism‐polymerase chain reaction and amplification refractory mutation system‐polymerase chain reaction methods. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed to estimate the strength of association.ResultsDifferent inheritance models of rs12826786 C/T, rs920778 T/C, and rs1899663 G/T polymorphisms significantly enhanced the risk of RSA (p < 0.05), whereas the rs4759314 A/G polymorphism was correlated with diminished risk of developing RSA under recessive AA versus GA + GG (OR 0.42 [95% CI = 0.19–0.91]), log‐additive GG versus GA vs. GG (OR 0.67 [95% CI = 0.48–0.93]), and allelic A versus G (OR 0.65 [95% CI = 0.47–0.92]) models. Moreover, the TGTC, TTCT, TTTC, CGTC, CGTT, CTCC, CTCT, CTTC, and CTTT haplotypes of rs920778/rs1899663/rs12826786/ significantly increased the risk of RSA. The studied variants were not in strong linkage disequilibrium.ConclusionsOur results indicated that variations in the HOTAIR gene might serve as beneficial biomarkers for determining susceptibility to RSA. To confirm these findings, replication studies with a larger population and different races are needed.
Elementary School Personnel and Cultural Factors Affecting Health Education Implementation in the High‐Stakes Testing Era*
Authors: Boguslawski Melissa K. , Lohrmann David K. , Sherwood‐Laughlin Catherine , Eckes Suzanne , Chomistek Andrea K. , Applegate Trent 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDDespite proven health and learning benefits, health education implementation in elementary schools is not optimal. This study investigated learning environment, leadership, and training factors that may influence elementary‐level health education implementation in the current standardized testing‐saturated environment.METHODSSurvey data were collected from principals of 8 Michigan elementary schools and, via focus groups, 30 teachers in their schools. Teacher groups were separated into 2 categories based on principals' understanding of state health education policies. Grounded theory analysis was used.RESULTSDespite all 30 teachers' positive attitudes toward health education, numerous consistent implementation barriers were identified; competition for instructional time with tested subjects was most critical. Teachers with principals who indicated a greater understanding of state policies reported more: consistent instruction; availability of resources, and encouragement to teach select topics, especially mental health.CONCLUSIONThat these findings were produced in a state with strong CSHE polices, proven curricula, and expansive support systems are disheartening and accentuate the profound impact of standardized testing on elementary‐level health education implementation. More promising, principals' understanding of applicable state‐level policies appeared to generate stronger health education implementation. Future research should focus on the possible impact of time devoted to health instruction on standardized test scores.
Rationalised premedication practice for blood product transfusions: A single‐centre quality initiative
Authors: Grant Andrew M , Wright Felicity A , O'Brien Tracey A 
Published: August 2021

AimBlood and platelets are scarce resources that are an essential part of the supportive care for paediatric cancer patients. There are many inherent risks involved with transfusions including acute transfusion reactions (ATRs). Following an initial ATR, prophylactic medications are commonly given prior to subsequent transfusions. However, there are risks with medication administration as well as negative implications for the health system. Our aim was to prevent the automatic prescribing of premedications prior to blood and platelet transfusions for ATRs. We hypothesised this would not increase the risk of harm.MethodsOur intervention was to eliminate automatic prescribing of intravenous corticosteroids and intravenous promethazine prior to a transfusion. This was approached through a behaviour change model and the implementation of recommended prescribing guidelines. Three Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) cycles refined the guidelines to align with clinicians' needs and build support through co‐design. Data gathered on individual patients receiving transfusions and reaction rates during the trial were compared to international data.ResultsA total of 100 patients received a transfusion during the trial. Eleven patients either had a previous reaction or experienced their first reaction during this time. All patients followed the guidelines and had either no premedication or an oral antihistamine premedication. There were no breakthrough reactions using oral antihistamines. The overall reaction rate was 1.33%, which aligns with the reported data on ATRs internationally.ConclusionA restricted prescribing approach to pharmaceutical cover prior to blood and platelet transfusions can be implemented effectively in a paediatric cancer population, without an increase in the risk of harm to the patients.
Can the concept of nutrient density be useful in helping consumers make informed and healthier food choices? A mixed‐method exploratory approach
Authors: Spiro Ayela , Wood Victoria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPoor dietary patterns are major risk factors for chronic diseases and pose a challenge to public health. Strategies to achieve dietary improvement are likely to be complex and multifactorial, but of interest is whether the concept of nutrient density, paying attention to intakes of multiple essential nutrients within appropriate energy balance, could be a worthwhile approach, and whether this could help in the communication of healthier dietary patterns to consumers. In order to explore the concept further, a mixed‐methods market research approach was undertaken, using in‐depth interviews and surveys with consumers and nutrition professionals. This produced some rich insights into the way consumers perceive the nutrient quality of their diets. There was a notable desire amongst both groups to support a move away from concentrating on single nutrients and calories to a broader, more holistic approach that incorporates some of the positive nutritional aspects of foods. Overall, the concept of nutrient density was recognised as a helpful tool in describing healthier foods and nutritional quality. However, the actual term ‘nutrient density’ is unfamiliar to consumers, and communicating nutrient density to consumers who have different understandings, beliefs and motivations may be challenging. Further research is needed to identify how to best frame the concept in a way that resonates with consumers and facilitates dietary behaviour change.