bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Luteal Phase Estradiol Priming Stimulation Protocol and the Standard Antagonist Protocol in Patients With Diminished Ovarian Reserve Undergoing ICSI
Authors: Aksakal Sezin Erturk , Aldemir Oya , Kahyaoglu İnci , Kaplanoğlu İskender , Dilbaz Serdar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the IVF outcomes in patients with diminished ovarian reserve stimulated with luteal phase estradiol (E2) priming protocol versus the standard antagonist protocol.MethodsThe study included 603 patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles (ICSI) with the diagnosis of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) who were stimulated with the luteal E2 priming protocol (n=181) and the standard antagonist protocol (n=422). Groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, ovarian stimulation results, ICSI cycle outcomes, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates per embryo transfer. ResultsThe duration of ovarian stimulation was longer, and the total gonadotropin dose used was significantly higher (p=0.001) in the E2 priming protocol group than the antagonist protocol group. The number of embryos transferred was higher in the antagonist protocol group compared with the luteal E2 priming protocol group (0.87±0.75 vs. 0.64±0.49; p=001), but there was no statistically significant difference in terms of embryo quality (p>0.05). The cycle cancellation rate and the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates per embryo transfer were similar in both groups.Conclusions﻿There was no significant difference between the ICSI outcomes of the patients diagnosed with diminished ovarian reserve stimulated with the antagonist protocol and the luteal E2 priming protocol. The antagonist protocol might be considered more advantageous because of the shorter treatment duration and lower doses of gonadotropin, and it allows more embryos to be transferred. Additional randomized controlled trials are needed to verify these findings.
Palliative Care in the Community – The Role of the Resource Nurse
Authors: Johansen Håkon , Helgesen Ann Karin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background : Approaches involving resource nurses have been used in several fields of practice to enhance quality of care. A literature review reveals limited research on the role of the resource nurse in palliative care in the community.Aim: To explore experiences pertaining to the resource nurse’s role in palliative care in nursing homes in Norway.Design: An explorative and descriptive design using group interviews. Methods: Two semi structured group interviews were conducted. Five resource nurses participated in the first interview, two resource nurses participated in the last interview. The group interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed with systematic text condensation.Results: The resource nurses wish to promote high-quality palliative care. They are skilled palliative nurses working clinically, and they use their experience and knowledge to talk about and demonstrate good practice. By conveying knowledge and being role models, they bolster their colleagues’ confidence and skills in palliative care and contribute to a shared view of quality. They can potentially play an important role in facilitating reflection and collaboration in the palliative care team. However, the resource nurse’s function is affected by interpersonal, managerial and organisational factors.Conclusion: The resource nurse most important tool in promoting high-quality palliative care may be to support their colleagues being a role model and sharing knowledge and experience. The resource nurses play an important role in facilitating reflection and collaboration in the palliative care team and may contribute to ethical awareness and proper dialogues about end of life issues.
Tracking the Uncertainty Propagation Process Between Hydrological Forecasting and Reservoir Real-Time Optimal Operation
Authors: Zhu Feilin , Zhong Ping-an , Xu Bin , Ma Yufei , Lu Qingwen , Wang Han 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The inherent uncertainty in hydrological forecasting poses a challenge for reservoir real-time optimal operation. In this paper, a stochastic framework is proposed to track the uncertainty propagation process between hydrological forecasting and reservoir operation. The framework simulates the comprehensive uncertainty of hydrological forecasts in the form of ensemble forecasts and scenario trees. Based on the derived analytic relationship between the performance metric Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) and forecast uncertainty probability distribution, we use three methods (two are commonly used classical methods and one is the Gaussian copula method) simultaneously to generate inflow forecast ensembles. Compared with the two classical methods, the Gaussian copula method additionally takes into account the temporal correlation of reservoir inflows. Then, the neural gas method is employed to transform the generated ensembles into a scenario tree, which is further used as an input for reservoir stochastic optimization. To improve the adaptability to uncertainties in inflow forecasts, we establish a stochastic optimization model that optimizes the expectation of objective values over all scenarios. Meanwhile, we propose a parallel differential evolution (DE) algorithm based on parallel computing techniques for solving the stochastic optimization model efficiently. Risk assessment is performed to capture the uncertainty and corresponding risk associated with the reservoir optimal decision. The proposed framework is demonstrated in a flood control reservoir system in China. Furthermore, we conduct several numerical experiments to explore the effect of forecast uncertainty level and temporal correlation on reservoir real-time optimal operation. The results indicate that the temporal correlation of inflows must be considered in inflow stochastic simulation and reservoir stochastic optimization, otherwise the operational risk is likely to be overestimated or underestimated, thus leading to operation failures. Based on the risk simulation surface, reservoir operators can examine the robustness of operational decisions and thus make more reliable final decisions.
Emergent Helical Edge States in a Hybridized Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator
Authors: Chong Su Kong , Liu Lizhe , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Sparks Taylor , Liu Feng , Deshpande Vikram V. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As the thickness of a three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI) becomes comparable to the penetration depth of surface states, quantum tunneling between surfaces turns their gapless Dirac electronic structure into a gapped spectrum. Whether the surface hybridization gap can host topological edge states is still an open question. Herein, we provide transport evidence of 2D topological states in the quantum tunneling regime of a bulk insulating 3D TI BiSbTeSe2. Different from its trivial insulating phase, this 2D topological state exhibits a finite longitudinal conductance at ~2e2/h when the Fermi level is aligned within the surface gap, indicating an emergent quantum spin Hall (QSH) state. The transition from the QSH to quantum Hall (QH) state in a transverse magnetic field further supports the existence of this distinguished 2D topological phase. In addition, we demonstrate a second route to realize the 2D topological state via surface gap-closing and topological phase transition mechanism mediated by a transverse electric field. The experimental realization of the 2D topological phase in a 3D TI enriches its phase diagram and marks an important step toward functional topological quantum devices.
miR-98-5p as a Novel Biomarker Suppress Liver Fibrosis by Targeting TGFβ Receptor 1
Authors: Ma Yanhua , yuan xiaoxue , Han Ming , Han Kai , Liang Pu , Liu Shunai , Cheng Jun , Xing Huichun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the repair reaction of excessive deposition and abnormal distribution of extracellular matrix after various liver injuries, especially chronic HBV infection, which is a key step in the development of various chronic liver diseases to cirrhosis. Recent studies show that microRNAs (miRNA) can regulate a series of liver fibrosis-related gene express and play an important role in the development of liver fibrosis. To detect the miRNAs expression profiling and to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with HBV-related liver fibrosis, the whole blood was collected from the HBV-related liver fibrosis patients (F2/3, n=10) based on Scheuer’s staging criteria. In addition, healthy volunteers (n=8) served as the control group. The expression of plasma miRNAs was detected by IlluminaHiSeq sequencing. Cluster analysis and target genes prediction of differentially expressed miRNAs were carried out. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs target genes were performed. Compared with the healthy control group 104 miRNAs were screened out from the liver fibrosis group, among which 72 miRNAs were up-regulated and 32 were down-regulated. Pathway annotations for the target genes of the miRNAs identified were found that it participated in many signal pathways including MAPK signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol signal system and so on. According to the bioinformatic analysis，miR-98-5p were selected for function research among the differentially expressed miRNAs.MiR-98-5p prevents liver fibrosis by targeting TGFβR1 and blocking TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway. In addition, serum miR-98-5p levels were measured from a total of 70 recruited patients with chronic HBV infection and 29 healthy individuals as controls. We found that serum miR-98-5p level was significantly lower in patients with live fibrosis than in healthy controls and HBV carriers (P<0.05). Those results suggest that miR-98-5p could be a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis .
Friction Stir Processing of Hybrid Al-Si Alloy Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Sharma Vipin , Dewang Yogesh , Nagpal Pardeep Kumar , Kumar Suresh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Metal matrix composites are an important class of material that is developing rapidly to fulfil the diversified engineering requirements. The metal matrix composites are attractive owing to superior properties as compared to monolithic material. Their properties are dependent on various factors and fabrication techniques. The metal matrix composites are associated with several issues which hinder their full potential. In the present study friction stir processing is applied on the metal matrix composite as a post-processing operation. The friction stir processing offers many advantages owing to the solid-state nature of the processing. Stir cast metal matrix composites are prepared by using zircon sand particles of 50 µm in the matrix of LM13 aluminium alloy. The friction stir processing is applied on the metal matrix plates at a constant rotational speed and traverse speed of 1400 rpm and 63 mm/min, respectively. Multiple passes of friction stir processing are applied to elucidate the effect of the number of passes on microstructural modification. Microstructural examination showed a significant improvement in eutectic silicon morphology and distribution of zircon sand particles. A more than 5 times reduction as compared to the initial size was observed in the zircon sand particles after four passes of friction stir processing. The processed metal matrix composite also exhibits improvement in tensile strength and hardness.
Phenotypic Characterization of Hair and Honamli Goats by Using Classification Trees Algorithms and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (Mars)
Authors: ALTAY Yasin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to meet the food demand of the increasing world population, it is very important to define the animal breeds and species raised in tropical and subtropical regions and to organize breeding programs for this. Discrimination animal breeds by morphological classification are a widely used method for a century. Although Honamli and Hair goats are very similar to each other morphologically, they can be subjectively distinguished by experienced breeders with some distinctive morphological markers. In the current study, certain body characteristics of Hair goats, which have a large portion of the population in Turkey, and Honamli goat, which has recently been registered as a new breed were used. Phenotypic characterization of these breeds has been made using data mining methods such as Classification and regression tree (CART), chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID), Exhaustive CHAID, Quick Unbiased, Efficient Statistical Tree, (QUEST), and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) algorithms. In other words, the current study is the first data mining algorithms used for phenotypic characterization in Hair and Honamli goat breeds. Goats’ morphological characteristics such as live weight (LW), withers height (WH), back height (BH), rump height (RH), chest Depth (CD), body length (BL), chest girth (CG), leg girth (LG), head length (HL), fore head (FH), ear length (EL), and tail length (TL), used in diagnosis of discrimination on breeds, were used as a binary response variable in Honamli and Hair breeds. Here, the independent variables used in data mining algorithms are the morphological characteristics of goats. CHAID, Exhaustive CHAID, CART, QUEST, and MARS were used as data mining algorithms to make an accurate decision in detecting effective morphological traits in breed discrimination. The success of the CHAID, Exhaustive CHAID, CART, QUEST and MARS algorithms in breed discrimination is 87.80%, 85.80%, 87.80%, 77.00%, and 88.51%, respectively, while the area under the ROC curve is 0.880, 0.853, 0.868, 0.784 and 0.942, respectively. As a result, using data mining methods for some body measurements of Honamli and Hair goats, whose morphological distinction is not exactly accurate, phenotype characterization separation was performed with high success in MARS and CHAID algorithms compared with the other methods. The outputs of this study can be used for breeding material by enabling pure Honamli goat breeding. Also, data mining algorithms can be included in gene resource conservation programs.
All-Chalcogenide Ring Fiber Laser
Authors: Rezaei Mohsen , Rochette Martin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate the first all-chalcogenide Brillouin fiber laser as well as the first all-chalcogenide ring cavity laser. The compact device comprises two engineered components: an As2Se3 optical fiber coupler combined to an As2S3 amplifying fiber. While the coupler simultaneously enables insertion of pump light, extraction of laser light, and the formation of a ring cavity, the amplifying fiber provides nonlinear gain to ensure laser oscillation. Thanks to the strong Brillouin gain of As2S3, only 3 m of amplifying fiber is required, thus making a resonant cavity with a free spectral range significantly larger than the Brillouin gain spectrum. The laser therefore naturally enables single longitudinal mode operation without additional filtering device. Acting as a coherence enhancing component, the resulting Brillouin laser benefits of a linewidth reduction factor of 7 with respect to the pump laser. Finally, this laser design is compatible with a broad range of wavelengths that spreads from 1.55 µm up to 8 µm, thanks to its all-chalcogenide structure.
Water Treadmill Training Ameliorates Neurite Outgrowth Inhibition Associated With NGR/RhoA/ROCK by Inhibiting Astrocyte Activation Following Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Ying Xinwang , Yu Xiaolan , Zhu Jintao , Li Xuqing , Zheng Yujun , Xie Qingfeng , Wu Qiaoyun , Li Shengcun , Yue Jingjing , Zhou Ye , Zhou Kecheng , Tu Wenzhan , Jiang Songhe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Axons become scattered and incomplete after spinal cord injury (SCI). Cross-talk between astrocytes and neurons plays a pivotal role in neurite outgrowth following SCI. Rehabilitative training is a recognized method for the treatment of SCI, but the specific mechanism of its effect on axonal outgrowth in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been determined.Methods: A total of 160 adult male SD rats weighing 200–250 g were randomly divided into three groups, and an SCI animal model was established. Rats were subjected to water treadmill training (TT) for 7 or 14 d. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) motor function scale, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to measure the degree of neurological deficit, tissue morphology, quantitative expression and accurate localization of the corresponding proteins.Results: We found that TT decreased tissue structure damage and improved functional recovery. TT promoted the regeneration of neurons and reduced apoptosis induced by SCI around the lesion. TT significantly increased the expression of GAP43 and NF200 after SCI. In addition, the injury-induced increase in the expression of proinflammatory factors was significantly inhibited by TT. TT reduced the activation of astrocytes and microglia, accompanied by reduced expression of C3d and higher increased of S100A10. Finally, the level of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) surrounding the lesion and activation of the NGR/RhoA/ROCK signalling pathway in neurons after SCI were effectively inhibited by TT.Conclusions: In this study, we found that TT played a novel role in recovery from SCI by promoting axonal outgrowth associated with the NGR/RhoA/ROCK by inhibiting astrocyte activation after SCI.
Sex Differences in Immune Gene Expression in the Brain of a Small Shorebird
Authors: Valdebenito José O. , Maher Kathryn H. , Zachar Gergely , Huang Qin , Zhang Zhengwang , Young Larry J. , Székely Tamás , Que Pinjia , Liu Yang , Urrutia Araxi O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Males and females often exhibit different behaviour, life histories and ecology, and sex differences are typically reflected in their brains. Neuronal protection and maintenance include complex processes led by the microglia that also interact with metabolites such as hormones or immune components. Despite increasing interest in sex-specific brain activation in laboratory animals, the crucial significance of immune function protecting in the brain of wildlife is widely lacking. Here, we study sex-specific expression of immune genes in the brain of a small shorebird, the Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus), that is an emerging model of mating system evolution and speciation. We compare immune gene expression patterns between adult males and adult females in two wild breeding populations in contrasting habitats: a coastal sea-level population and a high-altitude inland population in China.Results: Our analysis yielded 379 genes associated with immune function. We show a significant male-biased immune gene upregulation, which is in line with ecological studies that showed higher survival in males than in females. Immune gene expression in the brain did not differ in upregulation between the coastal and inland populations.Conclusions: We discuss the role of dosage compensation in our findings and their evolutionary significance mediated by sex-specific survival and neuronal deterioration. Similar expression profiles in the coastal and inland populations suggest comparable pathogen pressures between the habitats. We call for further studies on gene expressions of males and females in wild population to understand the implications of immune function for life-histories and demography in natural systems.
Determining Chromosomal Arms 1p/19q Co-deletion Status in Low Graded Glioma by Cross Correlation-periodogram Pattern Analysis
Authors: Bhattacharya Debanjali , Sinha Neelam , Saini Jitender 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Prediction of mutational status of different graded glioma is extremely crucial for its diagnosis and treatment planning. Currently FISH and the surgical biopsy techniques are the ‘gold standard’ in the field of diagnostics; the analyses of which helps to decide appropriate treatment regime. In this study we have proposed a novel approach that analyzed structural MRI image signature pattern for predicting 1p/19q co-deletion status non-invasively. A total of 159 patients with grade-II and grade-III glioma were included in the analysis. These patients earlier underwent biopsy; the report of which confirmed 57 cases with no 1p/19q co-deletion and 102 cases with 1p/19q co-deletion. Tumor tissue heterogeneity was investigated by variance of cross correlation (VoCC). The marked difference in pattern of VoCC between two classes was quantified using Lomb-Scargle (LS) periodogram. Energy and the cutoff frequency of LS power spectral density were derived and utilized as the features for classification. RUSBoost classifier was used that yield highest classification accuracy of 84% for G-II and 86.09% for G-III respectively in classifying 1p/19q co-deleted and 1p/19q non-deleted glioma. In clinical practice the proposed technique can be utilized as a pre-confirmatory test of glioma mutation, before wet-lab validation.
Asynchronous glutamate exocytosis is enhanced in low release probability synapses and is widely dispersed across the active zone.
Authors: Mendonca Philipe , Tagliatti Erica , Langley Helen , Kotzadimitriou Dimitrios , Zamora-Chimal Criseida , Timofeeva Yulia , Volynski Kirill 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The balance between fast synchronous and delayed asynchronous release of neurotransmitters has a major role in defining computational properties of neuronal synapses and regulation of neuronal network activity. However, how it is tuned at the single synapse level remains poorly understood. Here, using the fluorescent glutamate sensor SF-iGluSnFR, we image quantal vesicular release in tens to hundreds of individual synaptic outputs from single pyramidal cells with 4 millisecond temporal and 75 nm spatial resolution. We find that the ratio between synchronous and asynchronous synaptic vesicle exocytosis varies extensively among synapses supplied by the same axon, and that and that synchronicity of release is reduced at low release probability synapses. We further demonstrate that asynchronous exocytosis sites are more widely distributed within the release area than synchronous sites. Together, our results reveal a universal relationship between the two major functional properties of synapses – the timing and the probability of neurotransmitter release.