bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferable Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Long-term Care Settings: A Vignette Survey of Japan
Authors: Wakui Tomoko , Ikeuchi Tomoko , Itoh Sakiko , Miwa Hiroyasu , Watanabe Kentaro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The remarkable development of information and communication technologies (ICT), considering the rapidly aging global population, could eliminate the physical and mental burdens involved in caregiving and enhance the perceived dignity and autonomy of older adults. However, the introduction of ICT in long-term care (LTC) in Japan has not yielded good results yet, and the social acceptance of ICT remains understudied. This study aimed to understand and examine people’s views on ICT use in LTC settings. An online vignette survey was conducted in August 2020, among community-dwelling persons between the ages of 40–89 years, throughout Japan. A set of four vignettes of different physical and cognitive functional situations, at either a home or nursing home, with or without ICT use, was presented to select a preferred care setting. Multinomial regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between participants’ choices and individual characteristics. A total of 4,457 participants (52.8% of whom were women) were analyzed (mean age = 60.8 years). Participants were more likely to choose nursing homes in cognitively dependent situations. Participants who were women, relatively younger, and had higher education were more likely to choose care settings employing ICT for physically and cognitively dependent situations. Those who experienced either informal or formal caregiving were more likely to choose care settings that used ICT. This study revealed that individuals preferred different levels of ICT use based on physical and cognitive situations. Barriers to introducing ICT in LTC settings will be discussed.
Implementing Behavioral Health Social Workers' Increased Mental Health Care Among Older Adults
Authors: Pfoh Elizabeth , Hohman Jessica , Alcorn Kathleen , Vakharia Nirav , Rothberg Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Depression is underdiagnosed and undertreated among older adults. Health systems can screen patients to identify depression, but systemic linkages to treatment are required to ensure care. We used a retrospective stepped-wedge study to identify the impact of implementing behavioral health social workers (BHSWs) on receipt of treatment after a new depression diagnosis. We included adults over 65 years of age with a primary care visit between 2016 and 2019 at a large integrated health system. We excluded patients who were diagnosed with or treated for depression in 2015. Patients were categorized into control (diagnosed before implementation) and intervention (diagnosed after implementation) groups. From our electronic health record, we collected prescriptions for pharmacotherapy and behavioral health visits. Patients were considered treated if they received pharmacotherapy or had a behavioral health visit within 30 days of diagnosis. We used multilevel logistic regression models to identify the association between implementation period (pre versus post) and treatment, adjusted for demographic variables and clustering within site. Our population included 4,475 people. The percent of patients that received treatment increased from 47% to 54% after implementation and the percent of patients with ≥1 behavioral health visit within 30 days increased from 3% to 8% (p&lt;0.01, respectively). The adjusted odds ratio of receiving treatment (AOR: 4.13, 95%CI: 2.84-6.01) and having a behavioral health visit (AOR: 3.12, 95%CI: 2.31-4.24) was significantly higher in the post-implementation period. In conclusion, implementation of BHSWs was associated with increased treatment for older patients with depression.
The Impact of State Dementia Training Requirements for Nursing Homes on Resident Outcomes
Authors: Shier Victoria , Bae-Shaaw Yuna , Lekovitch Cara , Chew Felicia , Leland Natalie , Sood Neeraj 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Stakeholders, including policymakers, have prioritized the need to educate nursing home (NH) staff about Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Despite this prioritization and the relationship between staff training and outcomes, dementia-specific knowledge is variable. This study examined state-level training policies between 2011-2016. During this time 12 states (regulators and payers) implemented NH dementia training requirements, creating an opportunity for a natural experiment between states with and without new requirements. We estimated difference-in-differences models to determine the effect of state requirements on outcomes. Data from Nursing Home Compare and LTCFocus.org were linked to data on state policies. Training requirements were associated with 0.39 and 0.17 percentage point reductions in antipsychotics use and restraint use, respectively, and no impact on falls or need for help with daily activities. State requirements for dementia training in NHs are associated with a small, but significant reduction in the use of antipsychotic medication and physical restraints.
The M. Powell Lawton Award Lecture: The Person-Environment Fit Framework, Older Adults and Technology Interactions
Authors: Czaja Sara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
M. Powell Lawton made significant contributions throughout his illustrious career to improve the quality of life of older adults. His landmark theory of person-environment fit (P-E Fit) recognized the importance of understanding the dynamic interactions between older adults and their physical and social environments and the subsequent impact of these interactions on independent living. In today’s living environments, technology is ubiquitous and can serve as both a barrier and facilitator to the ability of older people to live independently. This presentation will discuss how the P-F Fit Model can be used to clarify potential mismatches between technology systems and the characteristics, abilities, and preferences of older adult and how it can be used to guide design and training interventions to maximize the ability of aging adults to interact successfully with technology systems. Examples will be drawn from the Center for Research and Education on Aging and Technology Enhancement (CREATE) in the domains of social engagement, work, and health from technology design and intervention perspectives. The CREATE conceptual framework, consistent with the P-E Fit Model posits that users have varying needs, abilities, and attitudes; technology systems and tasks vary in demands; social, physical, and policy environments influence a person’s access to and support for technology transactions; and human-technology interactions are dynamic. A focus of the presentation will be on how a user-centered design approach is compatible with the P-E Fit model and can optimize the fit between older adults and technology systems.
COVID-19 in Assisted Living: Evidence on Policies, Provider Experiences, and Resident Mortality
Authors: Thomas Kali , Schwartz Lindsay 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The devastating effects of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among older adults residing in long-term care settings has been well documented. Assisted living settings in the U.S. have 811,000 residents; most are 80 years or older, and many have one or more chronic illnesses, making them highly susceptible to poor outcomes if exposed to COVID-19. This symposium highlights five studies that focus on various levels of COVID-19 response in assisted living: national organizations, states, assisted living operators and healthcare providers, and residents. The first study compares the sometimes conflicting guidance provided by national long-term care industry-related organizations and recommends assisted living-specific actions for the future. The second study describes the state regulatory response to COVID-19 in assisted living, identifying the themes and implications for the function of the care networks of assisted living residents. The third study presents findings from interviews with key stakeholders, including policymakers and industry leaders, that reflect on the challenges responding to changing recommendations and policies. The fourth study reports results from a survey with administrators and medical and mental health care providers who treat their residents that illustrates the care practices that were implemented in response to COVID-19 in assisted living. The fifth presentation documents the national excess assisted living resident mortality that was attributable to COVID-19. This symposium culminates with a leading assisted living industry expert reflecting on providers’ experiences and posing areas to consider when preparing for and responding to future pandemic events in assisted living settings.
COVID-19 and Psychosocial Changes: Results From the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS)
Authors: Samuel Laura , Ong Anthony 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic likely altered many aspects of daily life for older adults, including social connectedness, technology use, financial resources and hopefulness. This symposium examines these exposures and changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and tests their associations with health and related factors. Analyses are all conducted among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults aged ≥65 years who participated in the NHATS COVID-19 supplement, which was a mail-in survey with participant and proxy respondents conducted between June and October of 2020. Additional NHATS participant data collected between 2011 and 2019 was used to account for individual characteristics before COVID-19, including demographic, socioeconomic and relevant health characteristics. Sampling weights were applied to analyses to account for study design and non-response so that inferences can be drawn to the US population of adults aged ≥65 years. This symposium will present results from five COVID-19 pandemic focused studies that examine the associations between 1) financial changes and health, 2) loneliness and behavioral changes, 3) hopefulness with function, sleep and loneliness, 4) technology use and mental health, and 5) predictors of technology use. These results offer insights into the mechanisms that influence health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results have clinical, policy and public health implications because they can inform the development of interventions, programs and policies with potential to improve health and health care and advance health equity for older adults.
Hopefulness During COVID-19: Associations With Function, Sleep, and Loneliness in the NHATS
Authors: Hladek Melissa , Li Qiwei , Samuel Laura , Drazich Brittany , Cudjoe Thomas , Szanton Sarah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The associations between hopefulness and function, loneliness, and sleep have not been explored in a nationally representative sample of older adults. Additionally, COVID19 dramatically increased stress burden, potentially influencing these relationships. This study used National Health and Aging Trends COVID19 Supplement data (N=2,894 adults aged ≥ 65 years) to evaluate cross-sectional associations between hopefulness about the future during COVID19 with limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) using a negative binomial model and one-item sleep and loneliness measures using ordered logistic models. Adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and education and applying sampling weights, increased hopefulness was associated with better ADLs (b= -0.11, p-value=0.021), less loneliness (b=-0.32, p-value=&lt;0.001), and better sleep (b= -0.27, p-value= &lt;0.001). In the midst of a world-wide stressor, hopefulness was associated with better function and symptoms. This relationship is likely bidirectional and further longitudinal research is needed.
Creative Arts Interventions in Addressing Depression in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sajnani Nisha , Dunphy Kim , Baker Felicity , Dumaresq Ella , Caroll-Haskins Katrina , Eickholt Jasmin , Ercole Maya , Kaimal Girija 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Depression experienced by older adults is proving an increasing global health burden, with rates as high as 27% in the USA. This is likely to increase in coming years as the number and proportion of older adults in the global population rises. Therefore, it is imperative that the effectiveness of approaches to the prevention and treatment of depression are understood. Creative arts interventions, including art, dance movement, drama, and music, are utilized internationally to reduce depressive symptoms in older adults and promote wellbeing. This includes interventions led by trained arts therapists as well as other health and arts professionals. This presentation will include a report of findings from a recent systematic review of the outcomes of four creative arts modalities (art, dance movement, drama, and music) with particular attention paid to processes of change documented in each modality.
An Intergenerational Zoom Music Therapy Group During COVID-19
Authors: Gvili Racheli Lital 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in ageist attitudes and psychological distress and loneliness among older people. The social isolation exacerbated the intergenerational segregation between young and older adults, and has also been expressed within families, since grandparents could not meet their grandchildren in person. The present study involved an intergenerational music intervention, as a vehicle to bridge the gap between grandparents and grandchildren at the COVID-19 pandemic. 41 grandparents aged 56-80, and 45 grandchildren aged 9.9-11.8 took part. Of these, 21 pairs of grandparents and grandchildren participated in a weekly online intergenerational zoom music therapy group for eight weeks, and the rest constituted a waitlist-controlled group. All participants completed the same questionnaires during the same time periods before and after the intervention. The results point to the effectiveness of participation in the sessions in improving intergenerational connections and psychological well-being, and in reducing ageist attitudes and loneliness.
Emerging Telehealth Advances for Mental and Cognitive Health in Late Life
Authors: Woolverton Cindy , Bamonti Patricia , Moo Lauren 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Over the last year, mental health services offered virtually have increased significantly in response to COVID-19. The rapid adoption of telehealth practices has raised many questions about how to develop and deliver effective interventions for older adults targeting their mental and cognitive health. In this symposium, we present on the feasibility of mental and cognitive health interventions for older adults using telehealth methods with particular focus on how adoption of these telehealth tools have been impacted by the current pandemic. Dr. Touchett and colleagues will present data on the telehealth utilization disparities among older veterans with comorbid disabilities and discuss ethical considerations when providing care for older adults. Dr. Kornblith and colleagues will present pilot data on the feasibility of GOALS, a video telehealth cognitive remediation group intervention for older adults with cognitive and emotional dysfunction related to traumatic brain injuries. Dr. Gould and colleagues will present pilot data on the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a brief video-delivered self-management intervention BREATHE for older veterans with anxiety disorders. Dr. Weiskittle and colleagues will present their work on the development and dissemination of a brief 8-week telephone group intervention for homebound older adults targeting social isolation. Dr. Jacobs and colleagues will share their findings of a telephone delivered mindfulness intervention for caregivers and persons with dementia. Finally, the discussant, Lauren Moo, MD, an expert in assessing the efficacy of telehealth interventions will tie findings together and provide directions for future research and innovation.
Associations Between Age-Related Changes in Positive Affect and Physical Functioning: The Role of Education
Authors: Blöchl Maria , von Oertzen Timo , Kunzmann Ute 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Increasing research points to the relevance of educational attainment for positive emotional experiences and physical functioning across adulthood. However, little is known about how age-related developments in positive affect and physical functioning differ by educational attainment. This study used longitudinal data of 10,893 individuals (60–80 years) from the Health and Retirement Study to examine whether educational attainment moderates trajectories of positive affect and physical functioning and their interrelations over 12 years. Initial results from multiple-group bivariate growth models revealed that individuals with less formal education have lower positive affect and poorer physical functioning at baseline. There was, however, no evidence that longitudinal changes in positive affect, longitudinal changes in physical health, and coupled changes between both variables varied with educational attainment. These initial findings suggest that lower educational attainment is primarily related to lower levels of positive affect and physical functioning, but not to greater age-related declines or their interrelations.
Discrete Affective States, Cortisol, and Self-Rated Health in Old Age
Authors: Pauly Theresa , Schilling Oliver , Kunzmann Ute , Wahl Hans-Werner , Ram Nilam , Gerstorf Denis , Hoppmann Christiane 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Old age is a developmental phase in which physical vulnerability increases and discrete affective states are uniquely important. The current project combines data from four studies (total N = 476 participants) to investigate within-person fluctuations in salivary cortisol (a marker of physiological arousal), seven discrete affective states, and the moderating role of self-rated health. Each participant provided affect reports and collected salivary cortisol 5-7 times a day for a 7-day period, and rated their health status. Multi-level models showed that cortisol levels were decreased in moments when participants felt happier, more relaxed, and more interested than usual and increased in moments when participants felt angrier, more nervous, more overwhelmed, and sadder than usual. Associations of happy, nervous, overwhelmed, and sad with cortisol were more pronounced in participants of better as compared to those of worse self-rated health. Findings suggest that higher HPA reactivity may indicate preserved health in older adults.
Excess Mortality Attributable to COVID-19 Among Assisted Living Residents
Authors: Thomas Kali , Zhang Wenhan , Dosa David , Carder Paula , Sloane Philip , Zimmerman Sheryl 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study examines the excess mortality attributable to COVID-19 among a national cohort of assisted living (AL) residents. To do this, we compare the weekly rate of all-cause mortality during 1/1/20-8/11/20 with the same weeks in 2019 and calculated adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All-cause mortality rates, nationally, were 14% higher in 2020 compared with 2019 (mean, 2.309 vs. 2.020, respectively, per 1000 residents per week; adjusted IRR, 1.169; 95% CI 1.165-1.173). Among the 10 states with the highest community spread, the excess mortality attributable to COVID-19 was 24% higher, with 2.388 deaths per 1000 residents per week in 2020 during January-August vs 1.928 in 2019 (adjusted IRR, 1.241; 95% CI 1.233-1.250). These results suggest that AL residents suffered excess mortality due to COVID-19.
Assessing Coping Strategies and Outdoor Activities Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sefcik Justine , Coates Martha , Wetzel Sarah , Patel Janvi , Bynum Keyanna , Pham K Linh , DiMaria-Ghalili Rose Ann 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Information is lacking on how older adults are coping during the pandemic. We explored coping strategies including outdoor activities among community-dwelling older adults (N = 115) 65 and older (mean age 76.45, 71.3% female). Using conventional content analysis, we analyzed responses to: 1) How are you coping with COVID-19? and 2) How often are you going outside during the pandemic and for what reasons? Most common activities are connecting with family and friends (some in person, others on the phone or virtually), reading, tv, game playing, and learning something new (e.g. webinars, online classes). The majority are going outside every day, with walking being the most common activity. Only a few are restricting their out of home activities to essential tasks (e.g. going to the doctors, pharmacy, getting groceries). Findings suggest that many older adults are engaging in positive coping activities. Assessing coping strategies can give insight into wellbeing.
Experiences of Interdisciplinary Providers Deploying Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Coates Martha , Moore Katelyn , Hathaway Zachary , Gonzalez-Kruger Gloria , Montgomery Kymberlee , DiMaria-Ghalili Rose Ann 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The expansion of telehealth services during COVID-19 is critical for healthcare delivery. This study describes the facilitators and barriers experienced by providers integrating telehealth during COVID-19. The sample consisted of 441 interdisciplinary providers (RNs, APNs, PAs, DPTs, RDs, mental health counselors) who were faculty or alumni of a college of nursing and health professions and completed the online telehealth provider survey. 53% of respondents were nurses/APNs, 59% implemented telehealth within the first week of federal legislation, and 48% received telehealth training once the pandemic started. Respondents reported telehealth changed several services provided during the pandemic (e.g., increased prescription of longer-term medication refills, increased counseling sessions). The greatest reported barrier to utilizing telehealth during the pandemic was the older adults’ ability to utilize technology. Understanding the facilitators and barriers experienced by providers during COVID-19 will lead to more robust healthcare delivery models to enhance health outcomes in older adults.
Action Steps and Strategies Taken by Older Persons to Prevent and Mitigate Effects of Climate Change
Authors: Bial Martha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
While the vulnerability of older persons to climate change is recognized by many scholars, there has been less attention to contributions older adults make to the fight against climate change, and their motivations to engage in that fight. Motivations include concern for the environment they will leave to their descendants. Contributions include freed up time, and skills gained in personal or work history to educate others on the issues and to organize and advocate for policy change. This presentation will highlight several national and international organizations of older people devoted to educating community groups, monitoring water quality and changes in wildlife habitats, and testifying before legislative bodies in campaigns for increased environmental regulation. Some of these organizations are intergenerational, providing additional benefits in cross-generational social exchange. Such activities are in line with SDGs 13 (action on climate change), 11 (sustainable cities), 12 (sustainable consumption) and 17 (expanding multi-stakeholder partnerships).