bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited dispersal and in situ diversification drive the evolutionary history of Rasborinae fishes in Sundaland
Authors: Sholihah Arni , Delrieu‐Trottin Erwan , Sukmono Tedjo , Dahruddin Hadi , Pouzadoux Juliette , Tilak Marie‐Ka , Fitriana Yuli , Agnèse Jean‐François , Condamine Fabien L. , Wowor Daisy , Rüber Lukas , Hubert Nicolas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimSea‐level changes have long been put forward to explain the colonization of Southeast Asian islands by freshwater aquatic organisms. We examined the relative impact of Sundaland geology since the Oligocene and of Pleistocene Eustatic Fluctuations on the mitochondrial lineage diversification of a species‐rich subfamily of freshwater fishes widely distributed in Southeast Asia. We specifically tested if the expansion of exposed lands and increased island connectivity during Pleistocene low sea levels (the paleoriver hypothesis) induced bursts of diversification.LocationSundaland.TaxonRasborinae (Actinopterygii, Cypriniformes, Danionidae).MethodsWe aggregated 1,017 cytochrome oxidase I sequences and 79 mitogenomes to delineate Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) and further reconstruct a time‐calibrated phylogeny of Rasborinae. Ancestral area estimations were conducted using both island and paleoriver partitioning to examine the impact of island connectivity during Pleistocene sea‐level changes on dispersal. Temporal trends of diversification are explored through statistical selection of best‐fit models.ResultsThe origin of Sundaland mitochondrial lineages is dated at c. 33 Ma and four major clades are identified, which diversified between c. 31 and 22 Ma. The Island of Borneo and North Sunda paleoriver are identified as the source of Sundaland Rasborinae. Geographical patterns of lineage divergence indicate that most divergence events occurred within islands and diversification under constant birth rate models are the most likely for all clades.ConclusionsThe geographical and historical context of diversification of mitochondrial lineages in Rasborinae provides little support for the paleoriver hypothesis. The onset of isolation of Borneo from mainland Asia triggered the initial diversification of the group (c. 31–22 Ma). The late colonization of Java and Sumatra occurred through several independent dispersal events, poorly explained by Pleistocene sea‐level changes and frequently followed by in situ diversification.
The new insight into extracellular NAD+ degradation‐the contribution of CD38 and CD73 in calcific aortic valve disease
Authors: Jablonska Patrycja , Kutryb‐Zajac Barbara , Mierzejewska Paulina , Jasztal Agnieszka , Bocian Barbara , Lango Romuald , Rogowski Jan , Chlopicki Stefan , Smolenski Ryszard T. , Slominska Ewa M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is crucial for cell energy metabolism and many signalling processes. Recently, we proved the role of ecto‐enzymes in controlling adenine nucleotide–dependent pathways during calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). This study aimed to investigate extracellular hydrolysis of NAD+ and mononucleotide nicotinamide (NMN) in aortic valves and aorta fragments of CAVD patients and on the inner aortic surface of ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase knockout mice (CD73−/−). Human non‐stenotic valves (n = 10) actively converted NAD+ and NMN via both CD73 and NAD+‐glycohydrolase (CD38) according to our analysis with RP‐HPLC and immunofluorescence. In stenotic valves (n = 50), due to reduced CD73 activity, NAD+ was degraded predominantly by CD38 and additionally by ALP and eNPP1. CAVD patients had significantly higher hydrolytic rates of NAD+ (0.81 ± 0.07 vs 0.56 ± 0.10) and NMN (1.12 ± 0.10 vs 0.71 ± 0.08 nmol/min/cm2) compared with controls. CD38 was also primarily engaged in human vascular NAD+ metabolism. Studies using specific ecto‐enzyme inhibitors and CD73−/− mice confirmed that CD73 is not the only enzyme involved in NAD+ and NMN hydrolysis and that CD38 had a significant contribution to these pathways. Modifications of extracellular NAD+ and NMN metabolism in aortic valve cells may be particularly important in valve pathology and could be a potential therapeutic target.
Angiogenic regulatory influence of extracellular matrix deposited by resting state asthmatic and non‐asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells is similar
Authors: Faiz Alen , Harkness Louise M. , Tjin Gavin , Bernal Victor , Horvatovich Peter , James Alan , Elliot John G. , Burgess Janette K. , Ashton Anthony W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is the tissue microenvironment that regulates the characteristics of stromal and systemic cells to control processes such as inflammation and angiogenesis. Despite ongoing anti‐inflammatory treatment, low levels of inflammation exist in the airways in asthma, which alters ECM deposition by airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. The altered ECM causes aberrant behaviour of cells, such as endothelial cells, in the airway tissue. We therefore sought to characterize the composition and angiogenic potential of the ECM deposited by asthmatic and non‐asthmatic ASM. After 72 hours under non‐stimulated conditions, the ECM deposited by primary human asthmatic ASM cells was equal in total protein, collagen I, III and fibronectin content to that from non‐asthmatic ASM cells. Further, the matrices of non‐asthmatic and asthmatic ASM cells were equivalent in regulating the growth, activity, attachment and migration of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Under basal conditions, asthmatic and non‐asthmatic ASM cells intrinsically deposit an ECM of equivalent composition and angiogenic potential. Previous findings indicate that dysregulation of the airway ECM is driven even by low levels of inflammatory provocation. This study suggests the need for more effective anti‐inflammatory therapies in asthma to maintain the airway ECM and regulate ECM‐mediated aberrant angiogenesis.
Frequent scanning using flash glucose monitoring contributes to better glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Urakami Tatsuhiko , Yoshida Kei , Kuwabara Remi , Mine Yusuke , Aoki Masako , Suzuki Junichi , Morioka Ichiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe examined the impact of scanning frequency with flash glucose monitoring on glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThe study included 85 patients, aged 14.0 ± 0.5 years, with type 1 diabetes. The median time in the target glucose range (TIR) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values were 50.0 ± 1.4% and 7.5 ± 0.1%, respectively.ResultsThe median scanning frequency using flash glucose monitoring was 12.0 ± 0.4 times/day. Scanning frequency showed a significant positive correlation with TIR and an inverse correlation with HbA1c. Scanning frequency was identified to be the determinant of TIR and HbA1c by using multivariate analysis. The participants whose scanning frequency was <12 times/day were categorized as the low‐frequency group (n = 40), and those who carried out the scanning >12 times/day were categorized as the high‐frequency group (n = 45). Patients in the high‐frequency group were more likely to be treated with insulin pumps compared with those in the low‐frequency group; however, this difference was not significant (21.3 vs 5.3%, P = 0.073). The high‐frequency group showed significantly greater TIR than the low‐frequency group (57 ± 1.6 vs 42 ± 1.7%, P = 0.002). Furthermore, the high‐frequency group showed significantly lower HbA1c levels than the low‐frequency group (6.8 ± 0.1 vs 8.0 ± 0.1%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThese findings showed that patients with a higher scanning frequency had better glycemic control, with greater TIRs and lower HbA1c levels, compared with those with a lower scanning frequency. Scanning frequency of >12 times/day might contribute to better glycemic outcomes in real‐world practice in children with type 1 diabetes.
Favorable long‐term outcomes of endoscopic resection for nonampullary duodenal neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Matsueda Katsunori , Kanesaka Takashi , Kitamura Masanori , Shichijo Satoki , Maekawa Akira , Yamamoto Sachiko , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Michida Tomoki , Honma Keiichiro , Miyashiro Isao , Ishihara Ryu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe long‐term outcomes of endoscopic resection for nonampullary duodenal neuroendocrine tumors are limited. We aimed to clarify it.MethodsConsecutive patients with nonampullary duodenal neuroendocrine tumors endoscopically treated at our institute between January 2005 and June 2020 were included in this retrospective study. En bloc and R0 resection rates and adverse events were evaluated as short‐term outcomes of endoscopic resection. The 5‐year overall and recurrence‐free survival rates of patients after endoscopic resection were calculated as long‐term outcomes.ResultsOf 34 patients with 34 lesions, 33 patients (97%) underwent endoscopic mucosal resection, and one (3%) underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection. En bloc resection was achieved in 33 lesions (97%). R0 resection was achieved in 20 lesions (59%). The median tumor size was 6 mm (range: 3–13). Thirty‐one lesions (91%) and three lesions (9%) were classified as G1 and G2, respectively. Lymphovascular invasion was observed in six lesions (18%). Intraprocedural perforation occurred in four patients (12%) who were conservatively treated with endoscopic closure. All 34 patients were followed up without additional treatment after endoscopic resection, and no recurrence or metastasis developed during the median follow‐up period of 47.9 months (range: 9.0–187.1). The 5‐year overall survival and recurrence‐free survival rates were 87.1% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionsEndoscopic resection provided a favorable long‐term prognosis for patients with nonampullary duodenal neuroendocrine tumors without lymph node metastasis.
T3 is linked to stress‐associated reduction of prolactin in lactating women
Authors: Bibi Safia , Shah Mohsin , Malik Muhammad Omar , Goosens Ki Ann 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe relationship between stress responses and lactation is bidirectional. Breastfeeding confers many benefits to maternal health, including attenuated hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis responsiveness to stress. However, increased stress burden can impair lactation. The mechanisms that underlie these relationships are poorly understood. The present study aimed to compare breastfeeding habits, as well as subjective and objective measures of stress, in employed and non‐employed lactating women and assess the relationships between these measures and prolactin (PRL), thyroid hormones (thyroid‐stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine [T3] and thyroxine), vasopressin and cortisol levels. A dexamethasone suppression test was also administered to determine the sensitivity of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis to negative‐feedback. We report that lactating employed women had lower breastfeeding rates and lower PRL than lactating non‐employed women. They also had a significantly higher stress burden, indicated by elevations in blood pressure and evening cortisol, relative to lactating non‐employed women. In regression analyses that controlled for feeding modality and breastfeeding duration, we found these factors differentially affected PRL in the two groups and there were significant differences in PRL across groups that were not accounted for by these factors. A mediation regression analysis suggested that group differences in PRL were best explained by differences in T3 and income levels, rather than breastfeeding duration or other variables. Our data fit a speculative model in which elevated maternal stress increases cortisol, which suppresses T3, leading to decreased PRL. The decreases in PRL are associated with higher rates of bottlefeeding, which may further contribute to decreased PRL.
Nasopharyngeal neuroendocrine neoplasms: Systematic review of the literature and case presentation
Authors: Prantesh Jain , Dorth Jennifer , Asa Sylvia L. , Mohamed Amr 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMost of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are located in the gastrointestinal tract and lung, and they are rarely found on the upper aero‐digestive tract, which limit the current literature about nasopharyngeal NENs. This systemic review will summarize the clinical, pathological features and optimal diagnosis and management of different types of nasopharyngeal NENs (NP NENs). In‐addition, we herein report an EBV negative TP53‐mutated/ Rb‐wild type nasopharyngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) in a young man in which touch preparation cytology studies were integral to establishing a definitive diagnosis. To our knowledge, only very few cases of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nasopharynx have been reported in the literature and the reports of these cases have not included detailed description of different types and how to optimally diagnose and manage them. In this abstract, we also highlighted the evidence about the safety of using growth factors in patients with sickle cell anemia who are receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Stomach serosal arteries distinguish gastric regions of the rat
Authors: Jaffey Deborah M. , Chesney Logan , Powley Terry L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBecause the stomach in situ has few distinctive surface features and changes shape dramatically with food intake, we have used micro‐CT imaging combined with two distinct contrast agents to (1) characterize the pattern of arteries, potential landmarks, on the stomach wall and (2) evaluate how meal‐related shape changes affect the size of the different regions. Images generated with a contrast agent injected directly into the heart during perfusion enabled a thorough look at the organizational features of the stomach angioarchitecture. The stomach receives its blood supply primarily from two pairs of vessels, the gastric and gastroepiploic arteries. Each of the three regions of the stomach is delineated by a distinctive combination of arterial fields: the corpus, consistent with its dynamic secretory activity and extensive mucosa, is supplied by extensive arterial trees formed by the left and right gastric arteries, travelling, respectively, on the ventral and dorsal stomach surfaces. These major arteries course circularly from the lesser towards the greater curvature, distally along both left (or ventral) and right (or dorsal) walls of the corpus, and branch rostrally to supply the region. The muscular antrum is characterized by smaller arterial branches arising primarily from the right gastroepiploic artery that follows the distal greater curvature and secondarily from small, distally directed arteries supplied by the large vessels of the left and right gastric arteries. The forestomach, essentially devoid of mucosal tissue and separated from the corpus by the limiting ridge, is vascularized predominantly by a network of small arteries issued from the left gastroepiploic artery coursing around the proximal greater curvature, as well as from higher order and smaller branches issued by the gastric and celiac arteries. These distinctive arterial fields appear to distinguish the major gastric regions, irrespective of the degree of fill of the stomach. Volume assessments of stomach compartments were made from images of iodine‐stained stomachs. By varying the delay time between eating and perfusion, we were able to probe the emptying behavior of the stomach and demonstrate that the regions of the stomach empty at different rates, thus changing the relative dimensions of the organ regions. Notably, and despite these shape changes, the gastric arteries appear to form a regular, particularly recognizable, and lateralized pattern corresponding to the corpus that should be of use in guiding surgical and experimental interventions.
Skincare practices in extremely premature infants: A survey of tertiary neonatal intensive care units from Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Mishra Umesh , Jani Pranav , Maheshwari Rajesh , Shah Dharmesh , D'Cruz Daphne , Priyadarshi Archana , Galea Claire , Lowe Krista , Marceau James , Wright Audrey 
Published: June 2021

AimTo investigate skincare practices in the first 2 weeks of life in extremely premature infants across tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).MethodsA web‐based secure survey invite was emailed to the medical directors of tertiary NICUs. The survey included questions on various aspects of skincare practices in the first 2 weeks of life in extremely premature infants (born before 28 weeks gestation). The person most familiar with local skincare practices was asked to complete the survey and only one response per unit was requested. We performed a descriptive analysis.ResultsWe received responses from 30 out of 32 NICUs (response rate 93%). Twenty‐five NICUs (89%) reported offering resuscitation and intensive care to infants born at ≥23 weeks gestation. All NICUs reported occurrences of skin breakdown, including medical adhesive‐related skin injury (30%), abrasion/friction‐associated skin injury (46%), perineal skin breakdown (55%), pressure site injury (47%) and diaper dermatitis (60%). A high level of consensus (≥75%) was observed for certain practices, such as the use of polyethylene occlusive plastic wraps at birth and aqueous chlorhexidine solution for sterile procedures, but a low level of consensus (<25%) was observed for many other practices, including the skin risk assessment tool used.ConclusionsSkin injuries in extremely premature infants are common and skincare practices vary considerably amongst NICUs. Clinical practice improvement projects and further clinical research will help improve consistency amongst NICUs. Further research is needed to assist the development of evidence‐based guidelines and benchmarking for skincare practices in these vulnerable infants.
Perspectives of cancer prevention and control resources from stakeholders in rural southern Illinois
Authors: Kruse‐Diehr Aaron J. , Lewis‐Thames Marquita W. , Wiedenman Eric , James Aimee , Chambers Lynne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeRural residents have a higher cancer burden than urban residents, which is likely related to multiple socioecological factors. This study sought to investigate the perspectives of a diverse set of rural stakeholders regarding access to cancer prevention and control resources in rural southern Illinois.MethodsStakeholders were recruited from counties in southern Illinois and included residents (cancer survivors or caregivers), leaders of community‐based organizations with health‐related missions, and health care providers. Individual interviews and focus groups assessed recommended cancer prevention, control, and treatment resources; helpfulness of regional resources; and needed resources. The research team used an iterative approach to thematic analysis wherein codes were derived inductively and refined repeatedly to reveal overarching themes.FindingsForty‐four stakeholders reported challenges to health care access (eg, travel distance, financial burdens, and poor quality of care) and limited access to supportive care services (lack of caregiver support and “spotty” area resources). To mitigate these barriers, local residents used a combination of individual (self‐reliance and adaptive measures) and organizational (patient navigation and financial services) approaches. Finally, stakeholders reported multiple forms of cancer control and prevention communication, including formal discussions with health care providers and various types of informal social support (eg, friends and family).ConclusionsStakeholders experienced barriers to cancer prevention and control often mitigated by a reliance on personal adaptations, nonclinical organizational supports, and informal support systems. While resources remain minimal in southern Illinois, researchers and practitioners must make efforts to leverage existing community organizations and social networks to improve cancer outcomes in this region.
Spatiotemporal gated graph attention network for urban traffic flow prediction based on license plate recognition data
Authors: Tang Jinjun , Zeng Jie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe accurate forecasting of traffic states is an essential application of intelligent transportation system. Due to the periodic signal control at intersections, the traffic flow in an urban road network is often disturbed and expresses intermittent features. This study proposes a forecasting framework named the spatiotemporal gated graph attention network (STGGAT) model to achieve accurate predictions for network‐scale traffic flows on urban roads. Based on license plate recognition (LPR) records, the average travel times and volume transition relationships are estimated to construct weighted directed graphs. The proposed STGGAT model integrates a gated recurrent unit layer, a graph attention network layer with edge features, a gated mechanism based on the bidirectional long short‐term memory and a residual structure to extract the spatiotemporal dependencies of the approach‐ and lane‐level traffic volumes. Validated on the LPR system in Changsha, China, STGGAT demonstrates superior accuracy and stability to those of the baselines and reveals its inductive learning and fault tolerance capabilities.
Surgical Treatment of Internal Fixation Failure of Femoral Peritrochanteric Fracture
Authors: Zhong Gang , Teng Lin , Li Hai‐bo , Huang Fu‐guo , Xiang Zhou , Cen Shi‐qiang 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the factors, surgical treatment methods and clinical effect of internal fixation failure of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures.MethodsFrom June 2015 to May 2019, arthroplasty and internal fixation revision were used to treat 18 cases of internal fixation failure of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. There were 10 males and eight females, with an average age of 67.3 years (38–92 years). The 16 cases of initial intertrochanteric fractures were classified according to AO/OTA:13 cases of A2 and 3 cases of A3, the other 2 cases were subtrochanteric fractures (Seinsheimer type IV). The internal fixation failure was treated with total hip arthroplasty (6 cases), bipolar hemiarthroplasty (4 cases), revision with proximal femoral lockingplate (4 cases) and extend intramedullary nail (4 cases).ResultsAll patients were followed up for an average of 24.7 months (range, 12 to 36 months). The average operative time was 111.4 min (range, 72 to 146 min) and the average intraoperative blood loss was 403.6 mL (range, 200 to 650 mL). The average time of fracture union was 6.9 months (range, 5 to 9 months) for cases of internal fixation revision. The operative time of the arthroplasty group was shorter than the revision group (P < 0.001), and the intraoperative blood loss of the arthroplasty group was less than the revision group (P = 0.001). The affected limb shortening of postoperative (0.21 ± 0.19 cm) was better than preoperative (2.01 ± 0.60 cm) (P < 0.001), while the limb shortening of the arthroplasty group (0.11 ± 0.21 cm) was less than the revision group (0.33 ± 0.09 cm) (P = 0.015). At the last follow‐up, all injured limbs regained walking function, and the Harris hip score was 81.3 ± 9.4 points. The Harris score of postoperative was better than preoperative (33.4 ± 5.9 points) (P < 0.001), while there were no significant differences between the arthroplasty group and the revision group at 3 months (76.5 ± 8.5 vs 71.1 ± 10.6, P = 0.249), 6 months (80.9 ± 7.9 vs 78.9 ± 12.9,P = 0.687) postoperative and the last follow‐up (80.5 ± 8.3 vs 82.3 ± 11.7, P = 0.716) respectively.ConclusionFor internal fixation failure of peritrochanteric fractures, young patients could accept internal fixation revision to restore normal anatomical structure, correct varus deformity and autograft; while elderly patients and patients with damaged femoral head could be treated with arthroplasty to restore walking function.