bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Validity of The Novel Self-Reported Spine Functional Scale (SSFS) in Healthy Participants
Authors: Li Wei , Ding Jie , Hao Xiujuan , Jiang Wenjun , Song Hongqiang , Zhang Yanming , Tan Yan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives: to develop the novel self-reported spine functional scale (SSFS) and conduct reliability and validity analysis, so that the public can better understand their own spine function in a more simple and scientific way, so as to effectively prevent spinal disorders and improve the quality of life through targeted rehabilitation therapeutic measures.Methods:This study was approved by an institutional review board, and all subjects gave informed consent to participate. Results: (1) Using Spearman correlation analysis to evaluate the content validity, each item was significantly correlated with the total score, and the project design was reasonable. The exploratory factor analysis method is used to evaluate the structural validity of the scale, and the standing position and the lying position of the posture evaluation can be attributed to the factor 2, which is called posture evaluation; the cervical flexor strength, the flat support, the prone back, the supine knee, The back arch of the wall and the angel on the wall attributed to factor 1, called the overall spine function test, and the cumulative contribution rate of the two factors was 46.057%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the two-factor model fits well (c2/df=2.440, RMSEA=0.04<0.05, GFI=0.945, AGFI=0.920, CFI=0.967, IFI=0.967, TLI=0.951, GFI, AGFI, CFI , IFI, TLI are >0.90) and the validity is ideal. (2) The test-retest reliability shows that the test-retest reliability of each entry, each dimension and the total score is greater than 0.5, and the test-retest reliability is high. The Cronbach α coefficient was used to evaluate the overall internal consistency of the scale, α>0.70, indicating that the scale has high reliability. After deleting each item one by one, the α coefficient is 0.692-0.717, and there is no significant increase. (3) Sex and occupation did not affect the level of spinal function (P>0.05), and there was interaction. Different BMI levels significantly affected the score of spinal function (P<0.05). The rate of spinal dysfunction in overweight and obese subjects. Significantly higher than the normal group, the overall score of spinal function was worse than the normal group. Conclusion: This scale has good reliability and validity and is suitable for self-assessment of spine function in young people. And overweight and obesity can affect the level of spinal function in young people.
Optimization of Enhanced TIG Welding Process Using Artificial Neural Network and Heuristic Algorithms
Authors: Moghaddam Masoud Azadi , Kolahan Farhad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Using conventional gas tungsten arc welding (C-GTAW) process includes some demerits, shallow penetration has been considered as the most important ones. Recently, in order to cope with the mentioned disadvantage (low penetration), using a paste like coating of activating flux during welding process known as activated GTAW (AGTAW) has been proposed. In this paper, effect of A-GTAW process input adjusting parameters including welding speed (S), welding current (C) and percentage of activating fluxes (TiO2 and SiO2) combination (F) on weld bead width (WBW), depth of penetration (DOP), and consequently aspect ratio (ASR) (the most important quality characteristics) in welding of AISI316L parts have been studied. Box-behnken design (BBD) of experiments has been used to prepare the required experimental matrix for modeling and optimization objectives. Back propagation neural network (BPNN), architecture (hidden layers number and their corresponding neurons/nodes) of which has been determined using heuristic algorithm employed to model the process outputs, the most fitted ones have been optimized using simulated annealing (SA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms in order to obtain the desired aspect ratio, maximum depth of penetration, and minimum weld bead width. Finally, confirmation experimental tests have been carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Due to the obtained results, the suggested method for modeling and optimization of A-GTAW process is quite efficient (with less than 4% error).
Six-month exclusive breastfeeding and the impact of COVID-19 on breastfeeding practice in Hong Kong: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Kwan John , Jia Jimsyn , Yip Ka-man , So Hung-kwan , Leung Sophie SF , Ip Patrick , Wong Wilfred HS 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for an infant’s first six months. Therefore, various policies were implemented to support breastfeeding in Hong Kong in the past decade. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic brought new challenges and opportunities to breastfeeding practices. This study aimed to identify the associated factors of six-month EBF, and to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on breastfeeding practice.
Methods

This study was conducted using a mixed-methods approach. An electronic questionnaire was distributed to members of breastfeeding or parenting groups who have had breastfeeding experience in the past 10 years. Exploratory factor analysis with principal components analysis was used to identify the factors representing breastfeeding support from family and friends. Stepwise binary logistic regression analyses with forward (conditional) selection were conducted to examine factors associated with six-month EBF both in general and during the pandemic period. A thematic analysis was conducted using both deductive and inductive approaches.
Results

The study included 793 participants. Giving birth in a public hospital (AOR 2.015, 95% CI 1.440 to 2.821, p < 0.001) and breastfeeding support from family and friends (AOR 1.309, 95% CI 1.102 to 1.555, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with six-month EBF even during COVID-19. Our qualitative results indicated a high prevalence of breastfeeding problems in both public and private maternity wards, suggesting that neonatal support for breastfeeding in Hong Kong were generally insufficient and ineffective.
Conclusions

Giving birth in a public hospital and having breastfeeding support from family and friends were associated with six-month EBF. Furthermore, COVID-19 in Hong Kong had an overall positive impact on six-month EBF. Further studies should investigate the impact of hospital practice and the COVID-19 pandemic on breastfeeding behaviours.
Characterization and antibacterial property of epsilon-poly-L-lysine grafted cellulose films
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Li Weilong , Ma Qin , Zhang Xiaowan , Nie Chunling , Li Changcheng , Bai Xiaofang , Fan Guangsen , Shen Ting , Hu Weicheng , Tian Huafeng , Luo Xiaogang , Wang JianGuo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to obtain a stable, biodegradable and cost-effective antibacterial food package materials, this study developed a facile route to immobilize epsilon-poly-L-lysine (EPL) on films. Cellulose films were prepared via a sol-gel transition method and activated by epoxy chloropropane (ECH) to form epoxide group. EPL was covalently immobilized on the surface of the cellulose films (ECFs) by reacting the amino groups of the EPL molecules with the epoxy groups of the epoxidized cellulose films. The structure, morphology and properties of films were characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, universal material testing machine, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and static water contact angle. The results showed that EPL was immobilized successfully in the cellulose films. ECFs exhibited 80% transmittance through 300 nm to 1100 nm and the excellent thermal degradation temperature of 240°C. Moreover, good antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris were confirmed within 12 h, which is expected to provide a novel material for potential applications in the food industry.
Gibberellic Acids Promotes Growth and Exopolysaccharides Production in Tetraselmis Suecica Under Reciprocal Nitrogen Concentration: An Assessment on Antioxidant Properties and Nutrients Removal Efficacy of Immobilized Iron-magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: A Prathipa , G Manigandan , S Dinesh Kumar , Perumal Santhanam , P Perumal , N Krishnaveni , K Nanthini Devi , S Vijayalakshmi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present study was aimed to assess the effect of gibberellic acids to enhance the growth, biomass, pigment, and exopolysaccharides production in Tetraselmis suecica under reciprocal nitrogen concentrations. For this study, the seven types of experimental media (N-P, NL-P/2GA3, N0-P/2GA3, NL-P/4GA3, N0-P/4GA3, NL-P/6GA3, N0-P/6GA3) were prepared include the addition of gibberellic acids under various nitrogen concentrations. The experiment was lasted for 15 days and the cell density, biomass, chlorophyll ‘a’, and exopolysaccharides (EPS) concentration of T. suecica were estimated for every three days. Then the EPS was subjected to the analyses of chemical (carbohydrate, protein, sulfate, and uronic acid), and antioxidant activity. In addition nutrient removal efficiency was evaluated by using different concentration of EPS. The highest DPPH (86.7±0.95 %) and hydroxyl radical activity (85.7±2.48 %) were observed in 2.5 and 1.2 mg/mL of EPS concentration. The immobilized magnetic Fe3O4-EPS nanoparticles (5.0 and 10.0 g/L) have efficiently removed the excessive phosphate (89.5±1.65 %) and nitrate (73.5±1.72 %) from the Litopenaeus vannamei cultured wastewater. Thus, applying gibberellic acids combined with limited nitrogen concentration could produce higher EPS that could exhibit excellent antioxidant activity, and nutrient removal efficacy in the form of Fe3O4-EPS magnetic nanoparticles.
Velocity Effect Sensitivity Analysis of Ball-end Milling Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Zhang Anshan , Liu Xianli , Yue Caixu , Li Rongyi , Liang Steven Y. , Wang Lihui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ball-end cutters are widely used in industries of dies, molds, and aerospace, which have the problem of poor machined surface quality due to the low cutting speed near the tool-tip. With the increase in the complexity of parts, it will become more and more difficult to avoid the tool-tip participating in the cutting. In this paper, the velocity effect sensitivity of ball-end cutter is analyzed, and several key positions, including the intersection points of the CWE boundaries, are selected to describe the cutting speed in three dimensions. The relationships between the cutting speed of the critical points and important variables such as: machining inclination angle and the feed direction were investigated. The optimal range of feed direction is obtained when the tool-tip engages in the contact circle. The core aim of the feed direction selection is to make the tool engagement area in a high position by changing the feed direction, to avoid surface damage caused by ploughing and improve the quality of the machined surface. Finally, an experimental study was carried out, and the results corroborate the effectiveness of the selection method. In the experiment, it was also found that cutting-out from the cutter contact position can improve the surface quality in the directions of non-optimal range, and the milling force and chips shape will vary with the change of the feed direction.
Design thinking teams and team processes: Creativity through discipline
Authors: Heldal Frode 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Design thinking is hailed as a cornerstone for innovation. It has teamwork as a basis, yet we know little of how the design thinking team operates and collaborates. In this study, we investigate both quantitatively and qualitatively 51 design thinking teams as they work on an innovation project. We seek especially how they communicate and collaborate while working with design thinking tools. Teams are divided in three according to performance. Findings suggest that the highest performing groups utilize the design thinking method more disciplined than the other groups. To achieve this, they employ more authority behaviors and less supportive behaviors than the other groups. This disciplined approach to the method as a process and employed tools (such as brainstorming) in turn enable important team processes such as team reflexivity and psychological safety. Based on these findings, we suggest that a disciplined approach at the team level towards design thinking enhance innovative performance.
Longitudinal assessment of reactivity and affinity profile of anti-Jo1 autoantibodies to distinct HisRS domains and a splice variant in a cohort of patients with myositis and anti-synthetase syndrome
Authors: Notarnicola Antonella , Preger Charlotta , Lundström Susanna L. , Renard Nuria , Wigren Edvard , Gompel Eveline Van , Galindo-Feria Angeles S. , Persson Helena , Fathi Maryam , Grunewald Johan , Jakobsson Per-Johan , Gräslund Susanne , Lundberg Ingrid E , Fernandes-Cerqueira Cátia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: To address the reactivity and affinity against histidyl-transfer RNA synthetase (HisRS) autoantigen of anti-Jo1 autoantibodies from serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies/anti-synthetase syndrome (IIM/ASS). To investigate the associations between the reactivity profile and clinical data over time.Methods: Samples and clinical data were obtained from: i) 25 anti-Jo1+ patients (19 sera with 16 longitudinal samples and 6 BALF/matching sera at diagnosis; ii) 29 anti-Jo1- patients (25 sera and 4 BALF/matching sera at diagnosis); iii) 27 age/gender-matched healthy controls (24 sera and 3 BALF/matching sera). Reactivity towards HisRS full-length (HisRS-FL), three HisRS domains (WHEP, antigen binding domain (ABD), and catalytic domain (CD)) and the HisRS splice variant (SV) was tested. Anti-Jo1 IgG reactivity was evaluated by ELISA and western blot using IgG purified from serum by affinity chromatography. In paired serum-BALF, anti-Jo1 IgG and IgA reactivity was analyzed by ELISA. Autoantibody affinity was measured by surface plasmon resonance using IgG purified from sera. Correlations between autoantibody reactivity and clinical data were evaluated at diagnosis and longitudinally. Results: Anti-Jo1 IgG from serum and BALF bound HisRS-FL, WHEP, and SV with high reactivity at the time of diagnosis and recognized both conformation-dependent and -independent HisRS epitopes. Anti-HisRS-FL IgG displayed high affinity early in the disease. At the time of IIM/ASS diagnosis, the highest autoantibody levels against HisRS-FL were found in patients ever developing interstitial lung disease (ILD) and arthritis, but with less skin involvement. Moreover, the reactivity of anti-WHEP IgG in BALF correlated with poor pulmonary function. Levels of autoantibodies against HisRS-FL, -domains and -splice variant generally decreased over time. With some exceptions, longitudinal anti-HisRS-FL antibody levels changed in line with ILD activity.Conclusion: High levels and high-affinity anti-Jo1 autoantibodies towards HisRS-FL were found early in disease in sera and BALF. In combination with the correlation of anti-HisRS-FL antibody levels with ILD and ILD activity in longitudinal samples as well as of anti-WHEP IgG in BALF with poor pulmonary function, this supports the hypothesis that the lung may have a role in the immune reaction in anti-Jo1 positive patients.
Micro Vapor Cells Sealed by Two-step Bonding for Miniature Atomic Clocks
Authors: Nishino Hitoshi , Furuya Yasubumi , Ono Takahito 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper reports the proposal, fabrication, and evaluation of Rb vapor cells sealed by two-step bonding for miniature atomic clocks. The proposed fabrication method is separating the light path filled with Alkali atoms and Alkali dispenser’s room at wafer level process. The first fabricated sample is unexpectedly sealed with some air, and the vapor cell is measured the absorption spectra and CPT resonance. The flow solving the problems is indicated, and the vapor cells are fabricated again with the improved process. The FWHM of CPT resonance fits almost the theoretical value in vacuum-sealed samples, which are filled with Rb atoms carried from one dispenser. These results show that fabricated vapor cells are filled with Rb without degassing or leaks, and the reliability of the fabrication process and the production efficiency can be expected. Rb vapor cell sealed in the controlled pressure with buffer gases N2/Ar is also fabricated and evaluated. The spectrum line is broadened, and CPT resonance peak is narrowed 4.0 kHz at 90 °C. These results show the proposal fabrication method of the alkali vapor cells is useful for miniature atomic clocks.
Understanding Adsorption Geometry of Organometallic Molecules on Graphene
Authors: Oh Seungtaek , Seo Jungyoon , Choi Giheon , Lee Hwa Sung 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To comprehensively investigate the adsorption geometries and behaviors of organometallic molecules on graphene, Cp*Ru+ fragments as an organometallic molecule is bound on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and imaged at atomic resolution using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl). Atomic resolution imaging through STM shows that the Cp*Ru+ fragments are localized above the hollow position of the hexagonal structure, and that the graphene surface adsorbed with the fragments redeveloped morphologically to minimize its geometric energy. For a better understanding of the adsorption site and molecular geometry, experimental results are compared with computed calculations for the graphene surface with Cp*Ru+ fragments. These calculations show the adsorption geometries of the fragment on the graphene surface and the relationship between the geometric energy and molecular configuration. Our results provide the chemical anchoring geometry of molecules on the graphene surface, thereby imparting the theoretical background necessary for controlling the electrical/physical properties of graphene in the future.
Insinuate Orbital Cellulitis Associated With Diesel Explosion-Induced Injury
Authors: Chen Yao , Wang Jinwei , Chen Lu , Wang Sha , Tan Jia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Diesel-related orbital cellulitis is uncommon, it has an insinuate appearance whereas develops aggressively, leading to severe vision loss or poor reconstruction. Here we present a case of diesel explosion-associated eyelid trauma with toxic orbital cellulitis, who at last obtained relatively sound vision and appearance after several rounds of surgeries, which is rarely seen for the trauma itself. Case presentation: A 33-year-old male was injured in the right eye by diesel engine explosion. He was initially treated for right eye eyelid laceration however the trauma developed into toxic orbital cellulitis on the next day. Orbital debridement and removing of the orbital residual diesel fluid was performed on him immediately. However, on the second day necrosis developed in the eyelid and sub-dermal tissue. Therefore he received another orbital debridement to remove the necrotized tissue and awaited the subsequent right eyelid skin grafting surgery. The patient finally got his right eye vision saved as well as maintaining a relatively sound structure of the eyelid.Conclusion: Timely debridement and removing the residual diesel in the orbit is necessary for the recovery of patient with diesel-related toxic orbital cellulitis.
Randomized Control Trial of Short Infusion of Low Dose Ketamine Vs Intravenous Morphine as Adjunct Analgesia for Acute Long Bone Fracture Pain in Emergency Department
Authors: Eddie Elisa Audrey , Zahedi Ahmad Zulkarnian Ahmad , JAMALUDDIN SABARIAH FAIZAH 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundKetamine is known as an alternative for pain control, but reports of emergency reactions limits its widespread use. We assessed the efficacy of short infusion of low dose ketamine (LDK) compared with intravenous morphine (MOR) as adjunct analgesia for acute long bone fracture pain.MethodsPatients aged 18-60 years old, with acute long bone fracture and with numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) of 6 or more after 3mg intravenous morphine were eligible for enrolment. Subjects were consented and randomized to either short infusion LDK (0.3mg/kg) over 15 minutes or intravenous morphine (MOR) (0.1mg/kg) over 5 minutes. Evaluations of NPRS score and vital signs occurred at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The primary outcome from this study was the mean reduction of numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) score from baseline and the mean time to achieve ³ 3 score reductions in NPRS. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of adverse events and mean consumption of rescue analgesia.ResultsFifty-eight subjects were enrolled (MOR 27, LDK 31). Demographic variables and baseline NPRS scores MOR (8.33) vs LDK (8.84) were similar. The mean reduction of NPRS were significantly different between LDK (Mean= 3.1, SD=2.03) and MOR (Mean =1.8, SD 1.59), p= 0.009 at 30 minutes. Incidence of dizziness was reported higher in Ketamine group 19.4% (p=0.026).ConclusionWhen used as an adjunct, short infusion low-dose ketamine at 0.3mg/kg over 15minutes provides greater analgesic effect in comparison to intravenous morphine alone for acute long bone fracture pain but has higher incidence of dizziness.Trial RegistrationNational Medical Research Register: https://www.nmrr.gov.my/ Registered 24 November 2017 ID:NMRR-17-3184-38970
PENGARUH DIVIDEN, HUTANG, RISIKO, LIQUIDITY, TANGIBILITY, COMPANY GROWTH, FIRM SIZE, DAN OVERINVESTMENT TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Murtini Umi 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kinerja perusahaan non keuangan di Indonesia. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, sedangkan teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linier berganda. Sampel yang diambil adalah perusahaan non keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2015-2019. Perusahaan non keuangan yang diambil adalah perusahaan overinvestment dengan menggunakan metode Hodrick Prescott Fillter untuk menentukan perusahaan overinvestment. Pengukuran kinerja perusahaan menggunakan Basic Earning Power (BEP). Dari hasil penelitian overinvestment berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Risiko, dan Ukuran Perusahaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Dividen, Hutang, Likuiditas, Tangibility, dan Pertumbuhan Perusahaan berpengaruh negatif terhadap kinerja perusahaan.Kata Kunci: basic earning power, overinvestment, dividen, hutang, ukuran perusahaan ABSTRACT This research aims to examine the performance of non-financial companies in Indonesia. The technique used for sampling was purposive sampling, while the analysis technique used in the study was multiple linear regression. Samples taken are non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) 2015-2019 period. Non-financial companies that are taken are overinvestment companies by using the Hodrick Prescott Fillter method to determine overinvestment companies. Measuring company performance using Basic Earning Power (BEP). From the research results, Overinvestment has a positive effect on company performance. Risk, and Firm Size have a negative effect on company performance. Dividend, Debt, Liquidity, Tangibility, and Company Growth have negative effect on company performance.Keywords: basic earning power, overinvestment, dividend, debt, firm size