bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Insights Into Extended Steroid Hormone Profiles in Transwomen in a Multi-Center Setting in Germany
Authors: Schneider Florian , Wistuba Joachim , Holterhus Paul-Martin , Kulle Alexandra , Schlatt Stefan , Kliesch Sabine , Neuhaus Nina , Zitzmann Michael 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundLittle information is available on steroid hormone profiles in transwomen on the day of gender affirming surgery (GAS) after gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT).AimWe compared extended serum steroid hormone profiles of 77 transwomen with 3 different treatment regimens in order to get more insight on how GAHT changes the hormone system.MethodsSamples were obtained from 3 independent clinics. Individuals in clinic A (n = 13) and B (n = 51) discontinued GAHT 4–6 weeks and 2 weeks before GAS, individuals in clinic C (n = 13) continued treatment. Testicular tissue, blood samples and questionnaires on age, weight, height, and medication use were received from each patient. Steroid hormones were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 6 sex hormones were determined by immunofluorometric assays, and ELISA. Spermatogenesis was scored using the Bergman/Kliesch score.OutcomesParticipants were not different with regard to age, BMI, treatment duration, and dosage. Feminized blood serum levels with low LH, low FSH and low testosterone, however, were achieved in persons taking GAHT until GAS. Significantly reduced cortisone levels were seen after stopping GAHT before GAS.RESULTSGAHT had marked effects on the sex-steroid profile in each person. Factor analysis provided a model explaining 78% of the variance and interdependency of sex steroid levels. Stopping treatment was inversely associated with intactness of the corticosteroid-axis with adrenal steroidogenesis as well as it was inversely associated with pituitary-gonadal hormone production.Clinical ImplicationsTranswomen generally did not have elevated cortisone levels but differed significantly depending on and when GAHT was stopped.Strengths & LimitationsThis is the first study examining the steroid hormone profiles of transgender persons on the day of GAS in a multi-center setting. Additional studies (including follow ups before and after GAS and stress questionnaires) will be necessary to assess these conflicting results about the possible psychological impact on persons undergoing GAS to improve care.CONCLUSIONConcerning feminized blood serum levels, continued GAHT seems the better alternative, however stopping treatment 4–6 weeks prior to surgery was associated with reduced cortisone levels.
THE PROMULGATION OF LAW IN QIN AND WESTERN HAN CHINA
Authors: Jingrong Li , Songchang Chen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article studies the promulgation of law in Qin and Western Han China (221b.c.e.–9c.e.) based primarily on excavated legal and administrative texts. It shows that a new law was handed down from the emperor to the relevant offices on the day of enactment. The article argues that, to an extent, the subject matter and function of a law determined for whom it was passed and promulgated. Depending upon the location, rank, and official duties of the offices, the laws known and used could be quite different. Although it was required that documents of imperial decisions be forwarded swiftly and safely by courier at the prescribed speed, delays in forwarding such documents to distant local offices were probably common in Qin and Western Han China. Evidence indicates that district- and prefecture-level officials publicized laws that needed to be made known by the common people, by reading them aloud in local gatherings, for example, or posting them in conspicuous places. The article further argues that a law came into effect in offices on the day it arrived at local courts or on the day it was enacted in the central court, depending on the existence of related extant laws. It concludes that a new law in Qin and Western Han China wasex post facto, as it reached backwards to a past action and retroactively attached liabilities to the action at the point when it was performed.
SUBTLE AND DANGEROUS: THE CROSSBOW TRIGGER METAPHOR IN EARLY CHINA
Authors: Zhou Boqun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe crossbow trigger was a powerful device in early Chinese warfare that had a profound impact on military tactics. Against such a background, the word for “trigger,” namelyji, became a pregnant metaphor in ancient texts from the Warring States onwards. It refers to the correlation between a “subtle” initial state and a “dangerous” and far-reaching consequence, because the small movement of pulling the trigger may kill a person at a great distance. Borrowing insights from Hans Blumenberg's metaphorology, I offer a new theory of the original meaning ofjiand argue that the trigger mechanism inspires a complex metaphorical scheme that consists of three levels of ambiguities and a web of associated images. It provides a linguistic and cognitive pattern for organizing a wide range of heterogeneous life-world situations, from the moral precariousness of human speech to the vulnerability of an outnumbered army in battle.
Static and dynamic mode evolution in high-power distributed side-coupled cladding-pumped fiber amplifiers
Authors: Tao Rumao , Liu Yu , Xie Lianghua , Gao Cong , Li Min , Shen Benjian , Huang Shan , Lin Honghuan , Wang Jianjun , Jing Feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present a theoretical study of mode evolution in high-power distributed side-coupled cladding-pumped (DSCCP) fiber amplifiers. A semi-analytical model taking the side-pumping schemes, transverse mode competition, and stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering into consideration has been built, which can model the static and dynamic mode evolution in high-power DSCCP fiber amplifiers. The mode evolution behavior has been investigated with variation of the fiber amplifier parameters, such as the pump power distribution, the length of the DSCCP fiber, the averaged coupling coefficient, the number of the pump cores and the arrangement of the pump cores. Interestingly, it revealed that static mode evolution induced by transverse mode competition is different from the dynamic evolution induced by stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering. This shows that the high-order mode experiences a slightly higher gain in DSCCP fiber amplifiers, but the mode instability thresholds for DSCCP fiber amplifiers are higher than those for their end-coupled counterparts. By increasing the pump core number and reducing the averaged coupling coefficient, the mode instability threshold can be increased, which indicates that DSCCP fibers can provide additional mitigation strategies of dynamic mode instability.
Mapping young Russians’ perceptions of regional variation in Russian
Authors: Vardøy Benedikte Fjellanger 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the perception of regional variation in Russian among young Russian nonlinguists in Moscow, Perm, and Novosibirsk. I explore the labels used in 55 perceptual maps and categorize them in order to investigate the perceived character of regional variation among young Russians, including their explanations for regional variation. The data analysis shows that claims about regional variation are based on the informants’ assessments of variation in Russian, but also on assessments of domains that they perceive as related to regional variation: style and accent, as well as extralinguistic features such as geography and climate. Based on this analysis, I argue that the line between regional language variation and other variations can be conceived of as fuzzy.
Analysis of pollen across the surface sediments of Lake Imbradas, Lithuania
Authors: Balakauskas Lauras , Gaižutytė Justina , Valskys Vaidotas , Vaikutienė Giedrė 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn conventional pollen analysis, usually one sediment core per basin is analyzed to reconstruct past environmental conditions. This approach does not consider spatial heterogeneity of pollen assemblages, and assumes that one analyzed location is representative of the whole basin. To improve the spatial resolution of fossil pollen studies, further knowledge of the factors influencing variations in pollen assemblages throughout a basin is needed. We examined the spatial heterogeneity of pollen assemblages from 45 lacustrine surface samples from a lake with relatively simple hydrology and compared this dense network of surface pollen samples with the Lithuanian State Forest Service arboreal vegetation database. Calculations of pollen productivity at different locations across the lake revealed variations in the behavior of a pollen-vegetation relationship model in different parts of the basin. Our findings suggest that the model underestimated pollen contributions from the lakeshore vegetation. We demonstrate that detailed investigations of surface pollen as a step prior to fossil pollen investigations can provide useful insights, including understanding the influence of sedimentation rate on modelling results and spatial variations in pollen composition, thus providing guidance for site selection for fossil pollen studies.
CoblationTM-assisted excision of suprastomal granulation tissue
Authors: Alkan U , Yosefof E , Nachalon Y , Shoffel-Havakuk H , Gilat H , Stern Y 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuprastomal granulation tissue is a common complication of long-term tracheostomy. It may be associated with bleeding, aphonia, airway obstruction and delayed decannulation.MethodsThis study describes the experience of a tertiary paediatric medical centre with CoblationTM-assisted suprastomal granulation tissue excision.ResultsThirteen children (mean age, 5.7 years) who underwent the procedure from 2013 to 2019 because of delayed decannulation or aphonia were included. Lumen obstruction ranged from 50 to 90 per cent, with a mean of 68.8 per cent. After the procedure, decannulation was successfully performed in 7 patients, and voice quality improved in 10 patients. There were no peri- or post-operative complications.ConclusionThis is the largest series to date that describes Coblation used for the treatment of suprastomal granuloma. Coblation has advantages of high precision, relatively low temperature (thereby avoiding thermal injury to adjacent tissue), haemostatic resection and feasibility for use for even large granulomas. The promising results should prompt further studies in larger samples.
Aberrant global and local dynamic properties in schizophrenia with instantaneous phase method based on Hilbert transform
Authors: Sheng Dan , Pu Weidan , Linli Zeqiang , Tian Guo-Liang , Guo Shuixia , Fei Yu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmerging functional imaging studies suggest that schizophrenia is associated with aberrant spatiotemporal interaction which may result in aberrant global and local dynamic properties.MethodsWe investigated the dynamic functional connectivity (FC) by using instantaneous phase method based on Hilbert transform to detect abnormal spatiotemporal interaction in schizophrenia. Based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, two independent datasets were included, with 114 subjects from COBRE [51 schizophrenia patients (SZ) and 63 healthy controls (HCs)] and 96 from OpenfMRI (36 SZ and 60 HCs). Phase differences and instantaneous coupling matrices were firstly calculated at all time points by extracting instantaneous parameters. Global [global synchrony and intertemporal closeness (ITC)] and local dynamic features [strength of FC (sFC) and variability of FC (vFC)] were compared between two groups. Support vector machine (SVM) was used to estimate the ability to discriminate two groups by using all aberrant features.ResultsWe found SZ had lower global synchrony and ITC than HCs on both datasets. Furthermore, SZ had a significant decrease in sFC but an increase in vFC, which were mainly located at prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, temporal cortex and visual cortex or temporal cortex and hippocampus, forming significant dynamic subnetworks. SVM analysis revealed a high degree of balanced accuracy (85.75%) on the basis of all aberrant dynamic features.ConclusionsSZ has worse overall spatiotemporal stability and extensive FC subnetwork lesions compared to HCs, which to some extent elucidates the pathophysiological mechanism of schizophrenia, providing insight into time-variation properties of patients with other mental illnesses.
The music and social bonding hypothesis does require multilevel selection
Authors: Eirdosh Dustin , Hanisch Susan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Is musicality an individual level adaptation? The authors of this target article reject the need for group selection within their model, yet their arguments do not fulfill the conceptual requirements for justifying such a rejection. Further analysis can highlight the explanatory value of embracing multilevel selection theory as a foundational element of the music and social bonding (MSB) hypothesis.
Why language survives as the dominant communication tool: A neurocognitive perspective
Authors: Zhang Qing , Shi Edward Ruoyang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
By focusing on the contributions of subcortical structures, our commentary suggests that the functions of the hippocampus underlying “displacement,” a feature enabling humans to communicate things and situations that are remote in space and time, make language more effective at social bonding. Based on the functions of the basal ganglia and hippocampus, evolutionary trajectory of the subcomponents of music and language in different species will also be discussed.
Musical bonds are orthogonal to symbolic language and norms
Authors: Wood Connor 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Both Mehr et al.'s credible signaling hypothesis and Savage et al.'s music and social bonding hypothesis emphasize the role of multilevel social structures in the evolution of music. Although empirical evidence preferentially supports the social bonding hypothesis, rhythmic music may enable bonding in a way uniquely fitted to the normative and language-based character of multilevel human societies.
Against unitary theories of music evolution
Authors: Harrison Peter M. C. , Seale Madeleine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSavage et al. and Mehr et al. provide well-substantiated arguments that the evolution of musicality was shaped by adaptive functions of social bonding and credible signalling. However, they are too quick to dismiss byproduct explanations of music evolution, and to present their theories as complete unitary accounts of the phenomenon.
Why musical hierarchies?
Authors: Hilton Courtney B. , Asano Rie , Boeckx Cedric 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Credible signaling may have provided a selection pressure for producing and discriminating increasingly elaborate proto-musical signals. But, why evolve them to have hierarchical structure? We argue that the hierarchality of tonality and meter is a byproduct of domain-general mechanisms evolved for reasons other than credible signaling.
Progress without exclusion in the search for an evolutionary basis of music
Authors: Bowling Daniel L. , Hoeschele Marisa , Dunn Jacob C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Mehr et al.'s hypothesis that the origins of music lie in credible signaling emerges here as a strong contender to explain early adaptive functions of music. Its integration with evolutionary biology and its specificity mark important contributions. However, much of the paper is dedicated to the exclusion of popular alternative hypotheses, which we argue is unjustified and premature.
Isochrony, vocal learning, and the acquisition of rhythm and melody
Authors: Ravignani Andrea 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A cross-species perspective can extend and provide testable predictions for Savage et al.'s framework. Rhythm and melody, I argue, could bootstrap each other in the evolution of musicality. Isochrony may function as a temporal grid to support rehearsing and learning modulated, pitched vocalizations. Once this melodic plasticity is acquired, focus can shift back to refining rhythm processing and beat induction.
Cooperative parameter estimation of a nonuniform payload by multiple quadrotors
Authors: Arab Farhad , Shirazi Farzad A. , Hairi Yazdi Mohammad Reza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThispaper addresses the problem of carrying an unknown nonuniform payload by multiple quadrotor agents. The load is modeled as a rigid body with unknown weight and position of Center of Gravity (CG) for the agents, and is included in their dynamic equations of motion. The agents and the load are assumed to be connected to each other by taut ropes. The Udwadia–Kalaba equation is used to calculate the constraint forces on the ropes acting on each quadrotor. Inner-loop and outer-loop controllers for quadrotors position and attitude control are presented. For the outer loop, an estimation algorithm based on the invariance and immersion adaptive control is utilized to estimate the unknown physical parameters of the payload including mass and CG position without using multi-axes force/torque sensors. The inner-loop controller employs an adaptive controller. Simulation results, for two and four agents carrying a nonuniform rod and cubic payload, show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. A case study is also performed to investigate the effect of quadrotors positioning on flight endurance of the cooperative aerial team carrying a nonuniform payload.
Listeriosis associated with pre-prepared sandwich consumption in hospital in England, 2017
Authors: McLauchlin J. , Aird H. , Amar C. , Boyd G. , Brindle A. , Dallman T. , Jalava K. , Painset A. , Simbo A. , Swindlehurst M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A case of listeriosis occurred in a hospitalised patient in England in July 2017. Analysis by whole genome sequencing of the Listeria monocytogenes from the patient's blood culture was identified as clonal complex (CC) 121. This culture was indistinguishable to isolates from sandwiches, salads and the maufacturing environment of Company X which supplied these products widely to the National Health Service. Whilst an inpatient, the case was served sandwiches produced by this company on 12 occasions. No other cases infected by this type were detected in the UK between 2016 and 2020. Between 2016 and 2020, more than 3000 samples of food, food ingredients and environmental swabs from this company were tested. Listeria monocytogenes contamination rates declined after July 2017 from 31% to 0.3% for salads and 3% to 0% for sandwiches. A monophyletic group of 127 L. monocytogenes CC121 isolates was recovered during 2016–2019 and was used to estimate the time of the most recent common ancestor as 2014 (95% CI of between 2012 and 2016). These results represent persistent contamination of equipment, food contact surfaces and foods at a food manufacturer by a single L. monocytogenes strain. Colonisation and persistent contamination of food and production environments are risks for public health.
Positioning Accuracy Model of Sailing‐Circle GPS‐Acoustic Method
Authors: Chen Xinhua , Zhang Hongmei , Zhao Jianhu , Liang Wenbiao , Feng Jie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSailing‐circle GPS‐acoustic method, prevalently applied for measuring ocean floor crustal deformation, allows the precise positioning of an underwater transponder in a global frame. In the method, distance estimation requires prior information, such as transponder depth or incident angle. However, sometimes the prior information is inaccurate or absent. Under these circumstances, this study proposes two kinds of positioning methods that utilize an iteration composed of an inverse or direct ray tracing method and the least squares approach to constantly modify the initial data to obtain an accurate incident angle and coordinates of an underwater transponder. Even though an accurate incident angle can be got and there is no time delay or spatial‐temporal heterogeneities of SSP (sound speed profile), SSP density and geometric incident angle still influence ranging errors and PDOP (position dilution of precision) during distance intersection. In order to reduce the two kinds of impacts, this paper deduces a positioning error model based on the principle of sailing‐circle method. On the one hand, the proposed algorithms and model are verified by a simulated experiment for various SSP density, geometric incident angle, and transponder depth. On the other hand, in a practical experiment, average positioning accuracy of 0.025 m and vertical accuracy of −0.02 m are achieved, and the improved accuracy is about 85% higher than that of the ordinary sailing‐circle method.
River Corridor Model Constrained by Time‐Lapse Seismic Acquisition
Authors: Dangeard M. , Rivière A. , Bodet L. , Schneider S. , Guérin R. , Jougnot D. , Maineult A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA new hydrogeophysical approach was developed to reveal the spatial and temporal dynamic flow pathways inside a river corridor as well as the pattern of transient surface water and the groundwater (SW‐GW) exchanges. Obtaining such information from traditional hydrological data remains a challenge, both in terms of accuracy and validation. As there is no direct measurement of these fluxes, estimating dynamic pathways and SW‐GW exchanges is frequently tackled with the help of numerical models. Yet, the definition of initial and boundary conditions is generally based on poorly constrained assumptions and restrained to the location of piezometers, due to the lack of knowledge of the water table (WT) geometry. We provide a methodology to build stronger constraints to the numerical simulation and the hydrodynamic parameters calibration, both in space and time, by using a multi‐method approach. On the Orgeval Critical Zone observatory (France), we show how a thorough interpretation of high‐resolution geophysical images, combined with geotechnical data, helps to resolve subsurface structural heterogeneity. This coupling provides a detailed distribution of hydrofacies, valuable prior information about the associated hydrodynamic properties distribution. The temporal dynamic of the WT table can be locally captured with high‐resolution time‐lapse seismic acquisitions. Time‐lapse variations are interpreted as temporal changes in the saturated‐unsaturated zone continuum. Each seismic snapshot is then thoroughly inverted to image spatial WT variations. This posterior geophysical information is then used to calibrate the hydrogeological modeling domain. The use of the WT improves the estimation of transient stream‐aquifer exchanges, especially during the rain event.