bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternatives Vortriebskonzept – Verlagerung des Baugrundrisikos beim Tunnel Rudersdorf
Authors: Sellner Peter Johann , Pacher Wolfgang , Weinmar Wolfgang , Moser Herwig , Monsberger Yvonne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe approx. 3 km long twin‐tube Rudersdorf tunnel is part of the Fürstenfeld Motorway S7. In addition to jet grouting and steel pipe umbrella sections, the excavation is mainly carried out according to the NATM. After the contract had been signed, the contractor proposed a value engineering concept including a stepped (almost) full excavation with a short ring closure. This concept avoids jet grouting sections and reduces sections with steel pipe umbrellas and the temporary top heading invert. A fair risk transfer between both contractual partner enables the full technical and economic potential of the project to be released and guarantees a win‐win situation. The modified construction methodology consequently also requires a change of tasks and responsibility for the contractual partners for the project. This paper highlights the main topics of the contractual modifications required and explains the handling of the ground risk with examples.
Injektionsstoffe im Tunnelausbruchmaterial – Abfall oder Ersatzbaustoff?
Authors: Tintelnot Götz , Koch Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the possibility of using excavated material with system‐related admixtures as a substitute construction material, considering the current rules and regulations in the field of landfilling or disposal. In addition to conventional injections with bentonite‐ and cement‐containing suspensions, which always require longer setting times and are relevant for classification during disposal with sulfate values in the eluate, fast‐setting multicomponent resins are suitable for filling or consolidation, e.g. fast‐reacting, high‐foaming silicate resins, polyurethane resins for stopping water ingress, or rubber‐elastic, versatile 3‐component acrylate gels. However, the discussion is currently focusing on tunnelling compounds to which foams or resins have been added and which, according to Systal's ”system‐related admixtures“, are to be remunerated as special services. This paper deals with the question how to deal with the excavated material contaminated with organic matter under soil protection law and waste law. On the basis of the results of laboratory tests, the question arises as to whether tunnel excavation with a few percent of organic, system‐related admixtures would not make an excellent substitute building material in the sense of the draft substitute building materials ordinance.
Erstellung eines Gefrierkörpers als Bauhilfsmaßnahme für einen Tunnelvortrieb unter dem Hauptbahnhof Bern
Authors: Klösges Simon , Müller Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the course of the planned underground extension of the central station in Bern, an access tunnel had to be constructed from an existing shaft. The first 60 m of this tunnel cross through unstable, water‐bearing and unconsolidated rock, and run under existing railway tracks. Thyssen Schachtbau GmbH has been commissioned the contract to carry out an artificial ground freezing measure to enhance the realization of the tunnel construction. The horizontal directional drilling work within the shaft as well as the construction and operation of the freezing plant were carried out in 2020 in a very confined space, and parallel to the ongoing operation of the train station. In order to ensure sufficient water saturation and thus the freezability of the unconsolidated rock, artificial ground irrigation procedure was operated. After completion of the predefined frost body, the tunnel was successfully and safely driven from the shaft into the bedrock.
Umgang mit dem Baugrundrisiko in der Schweiz, Erfahrungsbericht zum Vortrieb einer Mix‐Schild‐TBM auf der Baustelle Eppenbergtunnel
Authors: Weh Markus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOn the mix‐shield TBM excavation of the Eppenberg tunnel, unexpected conditions were encountered in both the rock and soil excavations, which resulted in a modified execution of the project. In this case, the openly formulated contract made it possible to take advantage of improvements in the ground and to manage unexpected system behaviour with the right measures in such a way that economical and time‐saving excavation was possible. In all three examples presented in this paper, time is one of the key success factors, because recurring processes result in feedback processes that change the system behaviour more and more rapidly as time goes on. In order to reduce the resulting additional costs and time losses, it is necessary to understand what is happening on site, then evaluate, test and check the possible measures, and finally decide on their implementation in a timely manner. At Eppenberg tunnel, this enabled unexpectedly adverse system behaviour to be overcome in two cases without any major loss of construction time. This was only possible because the responsible persons from all parties involved were able to discuss the situation together and make decisions at short notice.
Innovative slurry solutions for demanding TBM drives through soil with high permeability in a dense urban area
Authors: Hochart Arnaud , Vialle Denis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe extension of the Metro B line in Lyon represents a technical challenge combining difficulties with very few equivalents in pressurised TBM history. Alluviums with wide porosity and high permeability (up to 10–2 m/s) imply a risk of slurry loss leading to ground instabilities. To mitigate geological risks without using heavy ground treatment, two lines of research were followed:i) A slurry development program, aiming to define and validate technical mud formulae reducing the losses and ensuring the continuous confinement pressure. Two types of innovative slurries were to be defined, a ”technical“ one for horizons with high permeability, and an ”emergency mud“ to secure the tunnel and constructions in the event of a sudden slurry loss.ii) The use of a variably density TBM to use these technical slurries with a classic and an independent auxiliary hydraulic circuit. In addition, an embedded emergency mud supply was added to the TBM. The first phase implemented the slurry development lab, which consisted in the characterisation of a wide range of products entering in the slurry composition such as bentonite, mineral or organic clogging agents, polymers, gels, etc.. The slurry formulae were then tested under pressure in permeameters of two different sizes. Solutions clogging the porosity and sustaining mud and air pressure have been developed. The execution phase proved, that the developed solutions were giving the expected results regarding controlling slurry losses in the ground, maintaining front confinement pressure and reducing surface settlement below expected values in a dense urban area.
Erste Projekterfahrungen mit Variable‐Density‐TVMs in Europa – Erweiterung der U‐Bahnlinie B in Lyon
Authors: Bäppler Karin , Battistoni Frédéric , Burger Werner , Flora Matthias , Schwärzel Matthias 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlobalisation and advancing urbanisation around the globe have a significant influence on market dynamics in tunnelling. The expansion of infrastructures in urban and regional centres calls for the construction of new transport, supply, and disposal systems to link individual economic centres. Innovative technologies in mechanised tunnelling, such as the now well‐established Variable Density TBM, are making a significant contribution to the safe and low‐settlement construction of sustainable tunnel infrastructure projects in extremely challenging and variable ground conditions. In this publication, the current developments and design features as well as the application areas of the Variable Density Technology are addressed, based on one of the first project experiences in Europe, in Lyon.
Oberflächensetzung im urbanen Raum – Auswertung der Oberflächensetzungen an Gebäuden infolge komplexer unterirdischer Bauabläufe
Authors: Höser Sebastian , Bathaeian Iman 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo relieve congestion on the S‐Bahn main line in Munich (urban railway), a second main line is being built over a length of 10 km, with more than 7 km of tunnels and three new underground stations. These new stations at Hauptbahnhof, Marienhof and Ostbahnhof each have a length of about 250 m and are located at depths of up to 45 m. The stations mostly have a central staircase, which will be constructed using the top‐down method with building pits enclosed by diaphragm walls. The platform tubes subsequently constructed using NATM, with a 40 m wide cross‐section consisting of five tubes, have an overall excavation cross‐section of approx. 450 m2. This paper presents the evaluation of the calculated building settlements due to a construction process comprising groundwater drawdown, building pit construction, platform tubes constructed using NATM, traffic tunnels constructed using TBM, and the exploration and rescue tunnel located between the two traffic tunnels, using the Marienhof West station as an example. To perform the evaluation it is necessary to superpose all settlements arising from the different construction stages for each structure, which in some case are calculated across planners and construction sections. From these superposed calculated settlements, the corresponding angular distortions are calculated according to the type of curvature, i.e. concave type or spandrel type of settlement, and compared with the permissible limit values.
Die A26 Linzer Autobahn – Ein neues Wahrzeichen für Linz
Authors: Sempelmann Franz , Matt Kajetan , Konrad Frank 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe A26 not only relieves the central part of the road network in Linz but also allows the river Danube to be crossed by means of a 300 m long bridge, anchored in the rock slopes which form the banks of the Danube. The elements of the 1st phase are the Danube bridge and two underground motorway junctions, Danube North and South, with excavation cross‐sections of up to 375 m2 and the tight radii of the motorway on‐ramps. In addition to the elevated location of the main portals, the river Danube, the infrastructure facilities and the built‐up area take space in the valley cause unfavourable conditions. Besides these conditions, urban planning requirements have an effect on the realization of the construction project. The excavated material from the tunnel is transported off‐site by ship. The project conditions such as the high number of portals, the noise‐reflecting effect of the ”Danube gorge“ and the low overburden require substantial measures to limit and monitor the immissions.
Mehrwerte im maschinellen Tunnelvortrieb durch intelligente Systeme
Authors: Flora Matthias , Weiser Torsten , Zech Philipp , Fontana Adrian , Ruepp Anna , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBoth conventional and mechanized tunnelling have a fantastic tradition. The technical progress of the industry moved in step with social developments, characterized by crises and leaps in innovation. In the field of mechanized tunnelling, the driving force for some years now has been the desire to excavate heterogeneous construction sites with changes in tunnelling modes without the need for costly conversions underground. In addition, two innovation surges are currently discernible. On the one hand, the demands on innovation and technology management again follow a societal challenge, namely the goal of climate neutrality. On the other hand, digital processes and tools are changing all areas of our lives at an enormous speed, which means that the construction industry will also undergo a transformation in the coming years. Automation, robotics, the Internet of Things, machine learning, or artificial intelligence are all gradually encroaching on current processes and methods.Tunnelling jobsites in general, and largescale construction projects in particular, are inherently complex in their operation and are subject to major challenges. Current and future developments will add another necessity, namely the integration of digital applications into an overall system consisting of people and machines while enabling high‐performance construction processes. This calls for intelligent systems.
Die schwedische innerstädtische Tunnelbaupraxis aus der Sicht eines mitteleuropäischen Planers
Authors: Radončić Nedim , Vesely Jan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAmberg Engineering was involved in numerous subsurface in frastructure projects in Sweden, predominantly in the Stockholm metropolitan area. Our rock mechanical and engineering expertise represented and represents our key contribution to the projects, while we came in touch with valuable, and sometimes very different tunnelling approaches. While certain technical solutions still appear exotic, majority of them have to be valued as correct and consequent answers to the predominant geological conditions in Scandinavia. The present publication will show our experience based on one case study. Special attention is given to rock mass characterisation, design processes and tunnelling philosophy. The issues of support, water ingress control and vibration control are treated in detail, and a comparison with our local practice is presented. The paper attempts to deliver an objective treatise and honest presentation of our experience, and a summary of ”lessons learned“.
Genome sequencing and molecular characterisation of XDR Acinetobacter baumannii reveal complexities in resistance: Novel combination of sulbactam–durlobactam holds promise for therapeutic intervention
Authors: Naha Aniket , Vijayakumar Saranya , Lal Binesh , Shankar Baby A. , Chandran Suriya , Ramaiah Sudha , Veeraraghavan Balaji , Anbarasu Anand 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEmerging nosocomial strains of Acinetobacter baumannii are of recent concern as they are expressing extensive drug resistance (XDR). Using whole‐genome sequencing and molecular characterisation analysis, the current study reveals the presence of carbapenemase genes in 92.86% of studied Indian isolates. These included blaOXA‐51, blaOXA‐23, blaOXA‐58, and blaNDM genes, with over a third expressing dual carbapenemase genes. As per the MLST scheme, IC2Oxf/CC2Pas was the predominant clone, with 57.14% isolates belonging to this lineage. The presence of these carbapenemase genes resulted in sulbactam (SUL) resistance (MIC: 16–256 µg/ml) in all of the studied isolates. The efficacy of durlobactam (DUR), a novel β‐lactamase inhibitor that also inhibits PBP2 was assessed through in silico intermolecular interaction analysis. Several nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in PBP2 (G264S, I108V, S259T) and PBP3 (A515V, T526S) sequences. Minimal variations were recorded in the protein backbone dynamics in active‐site motifs of wild‐type and mutants, which correlated with negligible binding energy fluctuations for the PBP3‐SUL (−5.85 ± 0.04 kcal/mol) and PBP2‐DUR (−5.16 ± 0.66 kcal/mol) complexes. Furthermore, higher binding affinities and low inhibition constants were noted in OXA23‐DUR (−7.36 kcal/mol; 4.01 µM), OXA58‐DUR (−6.44 kcal/mol; 19.07 µM), and NDM‐DUR (−6.82 kcal/mol; 10.01 µM) complexes when compared with the conventional drugs avibactam and aztreonam. Stable interaction profiles of DUR with carbapenemases can possibly restore SUL activity against both PBP3WT and PBP3MTs. The study establishes the efficacy of the novel SUL–DUR combination as a successful treatment strategy in combating emerging XDR strains of A. baumannii.
Pigment production by Scenedesmus dimorphus using different low‐cost and alternative culture media
Authors: Ahmad Nourhane , Mounsef Jihane R , Lteif Roger 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated the feasibility of producing pigments from Scenedesmus dimorphus using different low‐cost synthetic and alternative media. Thus the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, different nitrogen sources and alternative culture media (wheat bran, garlic powder, wheat bran supplemented with garlic powder) on pigment and biomass production was evaluated.RESULTSAmong the three sources of nitrogen studied (ammonium sulfate, urea and sodium nitrate), urea was the cheapest efficient alternative source of nitrogen for pigment production, especially total chlorophylls (67.38 μg L−1 d−1), by this strain, without strongly affecting biomass yield. Phosphorus deficiency had no negative effect on biomass production, but improved the production of zeaxanthin and chlorophyll b by13.1% and 26.8%, respectively, compared to control. Compared to BG‐11 medium, the alternative garlic powder medium increased the biomass yield of S. dimorphus by 5.2 times, improved the productivity of xanthophylls and contributed to the accumulation of β‐carotene.Wheat bran medium was found to be efficient as a zero‐cost culture medium for the production of pigments, where S. dimorphus accumulated twice the total pigment concentration of the control, with high β‐carotene productivity (38.58 ± 11.94 μg L−1 d−1). The addition of garlic powder to wheat bran increased the biomass (3.14 g L−1) and pigment productivity (216.86 ± 2.06 μg L−1 d−1) by 28.5 and 1.4 times, respectively, but inhibited zeaxanthin biosynthesis. This alternative medium reduced biomass and pigment production costs by 99.80% and 96.21%, respectively.CONCLUSIONWheat bran supplemented with garlic powder showed good application potential for the industrial production of biomass and pigments from S. dimorphus in open cultivation systems where garlic powder might be used simultaneously for biomass and pigment accumulation, and for biological contamination control. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
A comparison of video‐based and slide‐based teaching before hands‐on rubber dam application: A quantitative and qualitative study
Authors: Kruse Casper , Schlafer Sebastian , Pedersen Kamilla 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurpose/objectivesInstructional videos may demonstrate the execution of complex clinical procedures and the cooperation between members of the dental team better than traditional slide‐based teaching materials. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of a procedural video on student ratings to a traditional still‐image‐based presentation in a course on rubber dam application.MethodsIn a randomized, double‐blind, parallel arm design, participants (46 dental students) completed a seven‐item, five‐step Likert‐scale questionnaire at baseline (t1), after a video‐based or slide‐based demonstration of rubber dam application (t2) and after hands‐on training (t3). The students’ judgement on the benefits of rubber dam (items 1–3), their motivation to use rubber dam (item 4), their self‐efficacy (items 5–6) and their expected use of the teaching material (item 7) were assessed. Changes in the students’ individual answers were analyzed for each item and comparison between intervention groups made. Moreover, the impact of the teaching format on in‐class discussions was analyzed qualitatively using a thematic approachResultsBoth interventions arose comparable significant improvement in the students’ Likert‐scale ratings from t1 to t2, and again from t2 to t3. No significant differences between intervention groups were found in the students’ ratings or in the qualitative analysis.ConclusionsProcedural videos have proven to be a valuable learning aid in a variety of teaching formats, but in the context of a live lecture, they may not constitute an improvement over traditional text‐ and still‐image‐based presentations.
Exploring microsatellite instability in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and its tumor microenvironment
Authors: Mukai Shohei , Kanzaki Hiroaki , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Ishino Takamasa , Ogawa Keita , Nakagawa Miyuki , Fujiwara Kisako , Unozawa Hidemi , Iwanaga Terunao , Sakuma Takafumi , Fujita Naoto , Koroki Keisuke , Kobayashi Kazufumi , Kanogawa Naoya , Kiyono Soichiro , Nakamura Masato , Kondo Takayuki , Saito Tomoko , Nakagawa Ryo , Suzuki Eiichiro , Ooka Yoshihiko , Muroyama Ryosuke , Nakamoto Shingo , Tawada Akinobu , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Arai Makoto , Kato Jun , Shiina Manayu , Ota Masayuki , Ikeda Jun‐ichiro , Takiguchi Yuichi , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Kato Naoya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimImmune checkpoint inhibitors and their combination with other agents have recently been available in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hence, a thorough understanding of the tumor microenvironment based on tumor samples is yet to be achieved. This study aimed to explore the tumor microenvironment in advanced HCC in terms of microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H) by using tumor samples from advanced HCC patients eligible for systemic therapy.MethodsMSI‐H was assessed by polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of mismatch repair proteins, PD‐L1, CD8, VEGF, and HLA‐class1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed for MSI‐H tumor samples.ResultsOf 50 patients, one (2.0%) was confirmed with MSI‐H. In the MSI‐H advanced HCC tumor, a high tumor mutation burden, infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes, and low expression of VEGF were identified. Although PD‐L1 expression was negative, there was shrinkage of tumor following pembrolizumab. However, another tumor nonresponsive to pembrolizumab was present simultaneously. Checking the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found a similar case to this patient. The TCGA case had unique gene features of miR‐21 and miR‐155 overexpression and hypermethylation of the MSH2 gene.ConclusionWe identified a very small number of MSI‐H cases in HCC using one tumor biopsy sample for each patient with advanced HCC. In addition, epigenetic aberrations possibly lead to MSI‐H in HCC patients. Since different HCC clones might coexist in the liver, sampling from multiple tumors should be considered to clarify the true proportion of MSI‐H in HCC and to analyze tumor microenvironments.
Assessment of Comamonas testosteroni strain PT9 as a rapid phthalic acid degrader for industrial wastewaters
Authors: Vural Caner , Diallo Mamadou M. , Ozdemir Guven 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, characterization of industry‐borne Comamonas testosteroni strain PT9 isolate was performed by determining degradation ability on phthalic acid (PA). High‐performance liquid chromatography analyses showed that strain PT9 completely degraded 102.94 mg/L of PA within 6 h. Viability polymerase chain reaction (vPCR) was performed with propidium monoazide treatment. vPCR showed that the PA has positively stimulated the cell growth during degradation. To consider the fate of PA, the proposed catalytic genes (ophA2, iphA2, tphA2, tphA3, pmdA, and pmdB) for the degradation pathways of PA isomers for C. testosteroni were screened in strain PT9. All genes except iphA2 were detected in strain PT9, and expression levels of related genes were analyzed by Real‐Time PCR (qPCR).