bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spatial and Temporal Variations of Turbulence in a Solar Flare
Authors: Stores Morgan , Jeffrey Natasha L. S. , Kontar Eduard P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Magnetohydrodynamic plasma turbulence is believed to play a vital role in the production of energetic electrons during solar flares, and the nonthermal broadening of spectral lines is a key sign of this turbulence. Here, we determine how flare turbulence evolves in time and space using spectral profiles of Fe xxiv, Fe xxiii, and Fe xvi, observed by the Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer. Maps of nonthermal velocity are created for times covering the X-ray rise, peak, and decay. For the first time, the creation of kinetic energy density maps reveal where energy is available for energization, suggesting that similar levels of energy may be available to heat and/or accelerate electrons in large regions of the flare. We find that turbulence is distributed throughout the entire flare, often greatest in the coronal loop tops, and decaying at different rates at different locations. For hotter ions (Fe xxiv and Fe xxiii), the nonthermal velocity decreases as the flare evolves and during/after the X-ray peak shows a clear spatial variation decreasing linearly from the loop apex toward the ribbon. For the cooler ion (Fe xvi), the nonthermal velocity remains relativity constant throughout the flare, but steeply increases in one region corresponding to the southern ribbon, peaking just prior to the peak in hard X-rays before declining. The results suggest turbulence has a more complex temporal and spatial structure than previously assumed, while newly introduced turbulent kinetic energy maps show the availability of the energy and identify important spatial inhomogeneities in the macroscopic plasma motions leading to turbulence.
General Circulation Model Errors Are Variable across Exoclimate Parameter Spaces
Authors: Kopparla Pushkar , Deitrick Russell , Heng Kevin , Mendonça João M. , Hammond Mark 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
General circulation models (GCMs) are often used to explore exoclimate parameter spaces and classify atmospheric circulation regimes. Models are tuned to give reasonable climate states for standard test cases, such as the Held–Suarez test, and then used to simulate diverse exoclimates by varying input parameters such as rotation rates, instellation, atmospheric optical properties, frictional timescales, and so on. In such studies, there is an implicit assumption that the model works reasonably well for the standard test case will be credible at all points in an arbitrarily wide parameter space. Here, we test this assumption using the open-source GCM THOR to simulate atmospheric circulation on tidally locked Earth-like planets with rotation periods of 0.1–100 days. We find that the model error, as quantified by the ratio between physical and spurious numerical contributions to the angular momentum balance, is extremely variable across this range of rotation periods with some cases where numerical errors are the dominant component. Increasing model grid resolution does improve errors, but using a higher-order numerical diffusion scheme can sometimes magnify errors for finite-volume dynamical solvers. We further show that to minimize error and make the angular momentum balance more physical within our model, the surface friction timescale must be smaller than the rotational timescale.
Molecular Gas within the Milky Way's Nuclear Wind
Authors: Cashman Frances H. , Fox Andrew J. , Savage Blair D. , Wakker Bart P. , Krishnarao Dhanesh , Benjamin Robert A. , Richter Philipp , Ashley Trisha , Jenkins Edward B. , Lockman Felix J. , Bordoloi Rongmon , Kim Tae-Sun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We report the first direct detection of molecular hydrogen associated with the Galactic nuclear wind. The Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer spectrum of LS 4825, a B1 Ib–II star at l, b = 1.67°,−6.63° lying d = 9.9

−
0.8

+
1.4

kpc from the Sun, ∼1 kpc below the Galactic plane near the Galactic center, shows two high-velocity H2 components at v
LSR = −79 and −108 km s−1. In contrast, the FUSE spectrum of the nearby (∼0.6° away) foreground star HD 167402 at d = 4.9

−
0.7

+
0.8

kpc reveals no H2 absorption at these velocities. Over 60 lines of H2 from rotational levels J = 0 to 5 are identified in the high-velocity clouds. For the v
LSR = −79 km s−1 cloud we measure total log N(H2) ≥ 16.75 cm−2, molecular fraction

f

H

2

≥ 0.8%, and T
01 ≥ 97 and T
25 ≤ 439 K for the ground- and excited-state rotational excitation temperatures. At v
LSR = −108 km s−1, we measure log N(H2) = 16.13 ± 0.10 cm−2,

f

H

2

≥ 0.5%, and T
01 = 77

−
18

+
34

and T
25 = 1092

−
117

+
149

K, for which the excited-state ortho- to para-H2 is

1.0

−
0.1

+
0.3

, much less than the equilibrium value of 3 expected for gas at this temperature. This nonequilibrium ratio suggests that the −108 km s−1 cloud has been recently excited and has not yet had time to equilibrate. As the LS 4825 sight line passes close by a tilted section of the Galactic disk, we propose that we are probing a boundary region where the nuclear wind is removing gas from the disk.
Development of a Decision-Making Approach for Mass Deworming Campaigns on Intestinal Parasites among Primary School Children in Egypt
Authors: Hassan Noha Salah Abdelsamie , Radwan Ghada Nasr 
Published: December 2021

Intestinal parasitic infections are widespread and cause considerable morbidity. Although mortality from such infections is low, most intestinal parasitic infections interfere with nutrition, growth, development and cognitive progress of children, in addition to interference with productivity and quality of life of adults.

Study Aim: Reduction of intestinal parasites prevalence among primary school children.

Methods: this is a three-phased study;

Desk review on current prevention and control methods including mass deworming in the light of global guidelines.
Cross-sectional field study on 522 school children from 8 Governorates, and interviews with 168 members of the health team running the deworming campaign at these Governorates in 2017.
Development of decision making approach to guide future consideration of mass deworming campaigns

Results:
National mass deworming campaigns were effective in reducing prevalence of intestinal worms among primary school children in Egypt, and provided a nationwide awareness on the issue. However, unless these campaigns are combined with sustainable measures of clean drinking water, sewage disposal in schools and households the success of these campaigns in reducing intestinal worms' prevalence will be transient.

Conclusion and Recommendations:
The national mass deworming campaigns ranged an alarm bell in the community about dangers of intestinal parasites. However, it's recommended to include other susceptible groups like preschool children, adolescent girls and women of childbearing age while focusing the deworming only on infected individuals. It's also recommended to convert the deworming campaigns into a program to ensure sustainability of resources and continuous monitoring and evaluation of intestinal parasitic burden among populations at risk.

Key Words:
Intestinal Parasites – Primary School Children – Mass Deworming Campaigns – Egypt
Quelle légitimité pour le père ?
Authors: Houzel Didier 
Published: December 2021

L’évolution de la législation française concernant les droits et devoirs des pères a été considérable depuis l’Ancien régime jusqu’à l’époque moderne. Dans quelle mesure dénote-t-elle une difficulté intrinsèque pour définir clairement le rôle du père dans la construction du monde interne de l’enfant ? Le modèle de la relation contenant/contenu de Bion est un progrès décisif pour comprendre comment l’enfant peut accéder à une activité de pensée à partir de ses sensations corporelles. Mais, dès la phase de relation dyadique mère/enfant, il faut admettre que le contenant n’est pas purement maternel et qu’il contient des éléments paternels hérités de l’identification de la mère à son père. Dans un second temps le couple parental servira de contenant au psychisme de l’enfant pour lui permettre une pleine autonomie et une accession à une sexualité adulte. Le père joue alors un rôle de garant des frontières de l’espace psychique de l’enfant, qui doivent être distinguées de celles des frontières de l’espace psychique de la mère et de celles du couple parental.
Un inceste enchanté
Authors: Chomy Lucien 
Published: December 2021

Le film Peau d’âne de Jacques Demy immerge Aurore, une princesse poursuivie par le désir incestueux de son père, dans un bain féerique et merveilleux. L’auteur interroge ce renversement improbable qui consiste, dans un élan créateur ou thérapeutique, à contraindre la destructivité à la rêverie. Nous suivons les différentes étapes du parcours d’Aurore qui la conduisent à retrouver ses préoccupations infantiles dans le partage émotionnel avec une tierce personne. À partir de cette observation, l’auteur interroge la traversée de la jeune Marie dans différents dispositifs thérapeutiques — familial, individuel et groupal. C’est dans l’espace du groupe « contes », surchargé en éléments imaginaires, que l’enfant pourra accéder à ce partage émotionnel.
Depredación de Rhinella crucifer (Wied-Neuwied, 1821) (Anura: Bufonidae) por el insecto de agua gigante Lethocerus grandis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae)
Authors: Ferreira de Macedo Kaíque , Lopes Assis Clodoaldo , Marcos de Oliveira Anderson , Neves Feio Renato 
Published: December 2021

Conocer los enlaces tróficos entre especies es fundamental para comprender sus funciones en el ecosistema. Aquí, reportamos el primer registro de depredación de Rhinella crucifer por el insecto acuático Lethocerus grandis. Aunque la mayoría de los anuros brasileños depredados por la chinche acuática gigante son más pequeños que este insecto, un tamaño corporal más grande de este depredador junto con su saliva anestésica, puede proporcionar condiciones para la subyugación de presas mayores.
Evaluation of the effect of antimicrobial nanoparticles on bond strength of orthodontic adhesives
Authors: Mirhashemi Amirhossein , Jazi Leila 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Antimicrobial nanoparticles (NPs) have various applications in different fields of dentistry. The purpose of incorporating NPs into orthodontic adhesives is to inhibit the cariogenic bacteria and reduce decalcifications around bonded orthodontic brackets. However, they may affect the physical and mechanical properties of adhesive such as shear bond strength (SBS). This review was done to answer the question whether the incorporation of antimicrobial NPs into orthodontic adhesives changes the SBS.

Materials and Methods:
An electronic search was performed with keywords such as adhesives AND nanoparticles AND orthodontics AND shear strength. After screening and applying eligibility criteria, 18 relevant studies were included.

Results:
The pooled data suggest that except for 10 wt% of various NPs incorporation, there is no significant difference in SBS between control conventional adhesives and experimental modified ones with tested concentrations.

Conclusion:
The SBS of orthodontic adhesives containing up to 5% NPs is in clinical acceptable range. However, generalizing the results to in vivo situation may be problematic and further studies are required.
Delayed Facial Nerve Paralysis Following Tympanomastoid Surgery
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Facial nerve paralysis is the most severe form of cranial neuropathy that causes facial deformity. Late-onset or delayed facial nerve palsy is uncommon following tympanomastoid surgery, although it can occur up to 2 weeks following the procedure. Although pinpointing the specific reason for delayed facial nerve paralysis following tympanomastoid surgery is complex, several variables such as facial nerve injury and/or viral reactivation can play a role. Late facial nerve paralysis after tympanomastoid surgery is caused by exposure of the facial nerve and fallopian canal dehiscence. Late facial nerve paralysis may be produced by viral reactivation and damage to the chorda tympani nerve. This study aims to look at the prevalence, etiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, and current treatment options for delayed facial nerve paralysis following tympanomastoid surgery. The exact cause of delayed facial nerve paralysis after tympanomastoid surgery has significant consequences for therapy and prognosis. The use of steroid and antiviral drugs is helpful for the treatment of the delayed facial nerve paralysis due to viral reactivation. The overall prognosis of the delayed facial nerve paralysis following tympanomastoid operation is good. This article discusses the prevalence, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and present treatment of late/delayed facial nerve palsy following the tympanomastoid operation.
Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Following Peripheral Endovascular Intervention and Its Long-Term Morbidity
Authors: Hudgi V Vishal , Nishan B , Sivakrishna K , Kiran I Surya , Rodney Roshan , Motukuru Vishnu 
Published: December 2021

Background and Objectives:
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an acute deterioration of renal function seen following the administration of iodinated contrast media for various diagnostic procedures. Although extensive study has been done in various fields, the data on CIN are lacking in peripheral endovascular procedures. This study was conducted to analyze the incidence, risk factors, and long-term renal morbidity of CIN after endovascular procedure for critical limb ischemia (CLI) of lower limbs.

Methods:
This was a prospective, observational study and the patients undergoing peripheral endovascular procedure for CLI in a referral center were included. The patients were followed up for the development of CIN with serum creatinine levels on the 5th day postprocedure and till 6 months.

Results:
A total of 211 patients with various comorbidities were included. The incidence of CIN was found to be 7.5%. The risk factors and multiple comorbidities were compared between CIN and non CIN patients. The higher preprocedure creatinine (mean 1.03 mg/dl vs. 0.92 mg/dl, P < 0.045), higher contrast volume (mean 73.8 ml vs. 52.1 ml, P < 0.001), and lower hemoglobin (mean 10.5 g/dl vs. 11.8 g/dl, P < 0.008) were significantly associated with CIN. The follow-up at 6 months showed CIN patients had increased serum creatinine and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate as compared to non-CIN patients.

Conclusion:
CIN is a substantial problem in peripheral endovascular procedures with long-term renal morbidity. The strategies to prevent CIN should be included in all patients undergoing endovascular procedures irrespective of risk profile and long-term renal function monitoring of CIN patients is warranted.
Comparative analysis of umbilical artery doppler indices of normal and suspected IUGR fetuses in the third trimester
Authors: Nnamani AO , Ibewuike CU , Okere PC , Obikili EN 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, the prevalence of which is six times higher in developing countries. The sequelae of IUGR extend into adulthood with higher risk of neurodegenerative diseases for the patients. Umbilical artery (UA) Doppler is an affordable and noninvasive tool for predicting perinatal outcome in IUGR pregnancies.

Aims:
The objective of this study is to compare the predictive ability of UA Doppler ultrasonography in discriminating normal from growth-restricted pregnancies and to find out if there is any relationship between antenatal Doppler indices and perinatal outcomes.

Patients and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study including 100 normal and 100 IUGR-suspected pregnancies, respectively. Each participant had a third trimester UA Doppler scan. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0 (PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0, Chicago: SPSS Inc.). Means were compared using Student's t-test and ANOVA. Tests of relationship and prediction were done using linear regression analysis and receiver operating characteristics. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
As pregnancy advanced, the mean values of UA Doppler indices decreased in normal and IUGR fetuses; however, they were significantly higher in the latter. UA systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio showed the highest sensitivity (0.80) and specificity (0.91) for predicting IUGR compared to PI and RI. Cutoff values for PI, RI, and S/D ratio were 0.93, 0.67, and 2.93, respectively.

Conclusion:
IUGR fetuses had higher UA flow velocimetric indices compared with normal fetuses. UA Doppler study is highly sensitive in the prediction of IUGR.
Analisa Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal Desa Mojomalang Kecamatan Parengan Kabupaten Tuban
Authors: Hariyoko Yusuf 
Published: December 2021

Based on Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning The Village, village development has to utilize the local economic resources. Mojomolang Village, as one of the developing villages based on the Building Village Index (BVI), does not yet have a local economy to develop. This study aims to analyze local economic development in Mojomolang Village. This research is qualitative with a case study approach. The data were collected through interviews and observations. Aspects of local economic development used as research parameters are locality, economic base, job opportunities, community resources, knowledge, and communication. The results of the study indicate that local economic development has not been well implemented in Mojomalang Village. The local potential has not been used optimally; local economy-based jobs are not yet available for village communities; the knowledge of human resources is still low, seen from the lack of utilization of innovation and technology. Based on this, the village government needs to develop local potential based on the economic sector of the majority of the community and take advantage of BUMDes to move the village community's economy.
Abstrak
Pembangunan desa menjadi ujung tombak setelah adanya Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Indeks Desa Membangun (IDM) yang mengadopsi pendekatan pembangunan berkelanjutan mengharuskan adanya pemanfaatan sumber daya ekonomi lokal dalam rangka pembangunan desa yang inklusif. Desa Mojomolang, sebagai salah satu desa berstatus membangun berdasarkan IDM, belum memiliki pengembangan ekonomi lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengembangan ekonomi lokal di Desa Mojomolang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi. Aspek pengembangan ekonomi lokal yang digunakan sebagai fokus penelitian adalah lokalitas, basis ekonomi, kesempatan kerja, sumberdaya komunitas, pengetahuan, dan komunikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan ekonomi lokal di Desa Mojomalang masih belum terlaksana. Lokalitas dan basis ekonomi sesuai potensi lokal masih belum tergarap dengan baik; kesempatan dan lapangan kerja dari ekonomi lokal belum tersedia untuk masyarakat desa; aspek pengetahuan yang dimiliki SDM masih minim dilihat dari kurangnya pemanfaatan inovasi dan teknologi. Berdasarkan hal ini, maka pemerintah desa perlu mengembangkan potensi lokal yang berbasis pada sektor ekonomi mayoritas masyarakat atau sektor ekonomi buatan serta menggunakan BUMDes sebagai entitas baru dalam menggerakkan perekonomian masyarakat desa.
The Value of Public Participation in Land-Use Planning for Redeeming Congestion in South African Municipalities
Authors: Kgobe France Khutso Lavhelani , Mamokhere John 
Published: December 2021

This paper captures the value of public participation as a redeemer of South African municipalities in land use planning. In this paper, it is argued that there is scant public participation in local government developmental matters, especially in land-use planning. South African municipalities are congested due to lack of public participation in land-use planning in the municipal arena. This is despite the fact that the constitution requires active public engagement in questions of developing local administration. The challenge of inactive public participation endures throughout the IDP, and this is now perceived as a dream wish. It is further argued that it is important to involve the public in land-use, especially in the following categories: commercial, residential, public facilities, industrial, and open spaces. The arguments in this paper were also founded on Patsy Healey's 1997 theory of collaborative planning. Collaborative planning theory has been used to develop ideas and arguments. This is a conceptual paper based on secondary data. The paper relied heavily on current literature on public participation and land-use planning. Despite the arrival of democracy in South Africa, the theoretical findings of this research indicated that there is still apartheid in spatial planning. It is also discovered that the adopted South African apartheid spatial planning continues to overlook community involvement in municipal land-use planning. When it comes to planning, the study proposes that municipal authorities follow the Batho Pele principles. At the municipal level, public engagement should not be passive but interactive and consultative. Finally, the paper advocates for land-use planning reforms and the use of active public engagement to save South African municipalities from congestion.
Ethical leadership and public accountability: Problematiques of South Africa’s State-Owned Enterprises
Authors: Kgobe F. K. L. , Chauke K. R. 
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to explore the potency of ethical frameworks in the advent of a democratic dispensation in State-Owned Enterprises in an attempt to address conundrums of unethical leadership and devastating public accountability. This paper argues that South Africa is grappling with fitting in the notion of ethos and accountability. On the same line, the contestation about the impasse of the State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) befits germane in the topical and constant political transformation in South Africa. SOEs endure eccentric to those serving it and those who benefit from it, leading to a lack of orthodoxy by public officials to ethical framework prescribed and contemplated in legislation for good conduct in public services. Ethical leadership and public accountability are two sides of the same coin; however, they serve as a nut and bolt of a well-functioning public administration. The two are inseparable. The paper is theoretical as such, and it is epistemologically juxtaposed and grounded or underpinned by agency theory and its ideals. Be that as it may, it further depends on literature base review for its premise, argument, crux, and purpose and drawing up results and conclusion. Thus, the paper gathers information regarding the various scholars’ notions on ethical leadership and public accountability from related articles, journals, and books. The paper reveals that the South African State-Owned Enterprises are antagonized and branded by unethical leaders and public accountability challenges. At this juncture, the SOEs are faced with poor fiscal coordination and management. The paper further reveals that the SOEs are swimming in the pool of debts. The conclusion that can be deduced from this paper is that it calls for strengthening and reforming all legislative prescripts that govern the State-Owned Enterprises. Public administrators must avoid incubating politicians as it creates the ground for corruption and various types of ethical dilemmas.