bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interlocutor accommodation of gradually altered nasal signal levels in a model speaker
Authors: Santos Telma Dias dos , Pardo Jennifer S. , Bressmann Tim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Phonetic accommodation is observed when interacting speakers gradually converge (or diverge) on phonetic features over the course of a conversation. The present experiment investigated whether gradual changes in the nasal signal levels of a pre-recorded model speaker would lead to accommodation in the nasalance scores of the interlocutor in a speech-shadowing experiment. Methods: Twenty female speakers in two groups repeated sentences after a pre-recorded model speaker whose nasal signal level was gradually increased or decreased over the course of the experiment. Outcome measures were the mean nasalance scores at the initial baseline, maximum nasal signal level, minimum nasal signal level and final baseline conditions. The order of presentation of the maximum and minimum nasal signal levels was varied between the two groups. Results: The results showed a significant effect of condition in F(3) = 2.86, p = 0.045. Both groups of participants demonstrated lower nasalance scores in response to increased nasal signal levels in the model (phonetic divergence). The group that was first presented with the maximum nasal signal levels demonstrated lower nasalance scores for the minimum nasal signal level condition (phonetic convergence). Conclusion: Speakers showed a consistent divergent reaction to a more nasal-sounding model speaker, but their response to a less nasal-sounding model may depend on the order of presentation of the manipulations. More research is needed to investigate the effects of increased versus decreased nasality in the speech of an interlocutor.
Resilienz, Kohärenz, Lebenssinn sowie andere Konzepte und Begriffe in der Palliativversorgung – eine Standortbestimmung
Authors: Maus Katja , Peusquens Frank , Rabe Lisa Milena , Radbruch Lukas 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Innerhalb der Palliativversorgung konnte der Resilienzbegriff bislang nicht eindeutig definiert werden und das Verhältnis zu ähnlichen oder möglicherweise überlappenden Konzepten blieb aus. Dieser Beitrag erläutert daher zentrale Begriffe, welche für die Versorgung schwer kranker und sterbender Menschen, für Angehörige sowie für Palliativteams relevant sind. Beschrieben wird die Bedeutung der Salutogenese, einhergehend mit einer Gesundheits- und Ressourcenfokussierung, auch am Ende des Lebens. Aspekte der Resilienz werden mit den drei Teilkonstrukten Handhabbarkeit, Verstehbarkeit und Sinnhaftigkeit des Kohärenzgefühls sowie mit dem Autonomiebegriff, Lebenssinn, Lebensqualität und Würde verknüpft. Die Messbarkeit dieser Konstrukte stellt – nicht zuletzt aufgrund der höchst individuell bewertbaren Maßstäbe der Patientinnen und Patienten – für Behandelnde eine große Herausforderung dar. Instrumente wie die Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life (SEIQoL) oder die Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMiLE), bei denen individuelle Prioritäten und Bedürfnisse berücksichtigt werden, können hierbei behilflich sein. Zudem werden therapeutische Ansätze vorgestellt, welche Verbindungen zu den vorgestellten Konstrukten aufweisen. Hierzu gehören achtsamkeitsbasierte Interventionen, Biografiearbeit und die würdezentrierte Therapie. Bekannt sind viele dieser Interventionen vor allem im Zusammenhang von Präventionsmaßnahmen – z. B. der Burnout-Prophylaxe. Die Frage, ob diese jedoch auch zur Resilienzförderung geeignet sind, bleibt ebenso wie eine notwendige Operationalisierung des Resilienzbegriffs weiterhin Gegenstand aktueller Forschung.
„… und ganz gewiss an jedem neuen Tag.“ – Bonhoeffer als „role-model“ für Resilienz?
Authors: Richter Cornelia , Alles Thorben 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Aufsatz zeigt anhand von zwei verschiedenen Interpretationsrichtungen der Biografie und dreier Gedichte Dietrich Bonhoeffers elementare Aspekte von Resilienz auf. Einerseits kann man Bonhoeffers Leben und Wirken im Ausgang der klassischen Resilienzfaktoren analysieren, v. a. im Blick auf Bonhoeffers persönliches Engagement im Widerstand und die zugehörige wirkungsgeschichtliche Rezeption. Andererseits zeigen sich anhand der Gedichte Bonhoeffers auch Aspekte von Ohnmacht, Verzweiflung oder Kontrollverlust, so dass die ambivalente Komplexität von Resilienz deutlich wird. Beide Betrachtungsweisen zeigen die notwendige Ergänzung der bislang primär aktiv konnotierten klassischen Resilienzfaktoren aus der Perspektive von Religion und Spiritualität. In dieser Perspektive ergeben sich Dynamiken, die sich erst im Krisengeschehen eröffnen, die Spannung von Funktionalität und A-Funktionalität implizieren und über die Fähigkeit zur Integration von Negativität bestimmt sind.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Morphology of Silver-Coated Three-Dimensional Printed Flexible Polylactic Acid Thin Plates
Authors: Mwema F. M. , Sobola D. , Baruwa A. D. , Akinlabi E. T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The micromorphology of three-dimensional (3D) printed silver/polylactic acid (PLA) exposed to heat treatment is reported. The PLA samples were printed through fused deposition modeling and then coated using a conductive silver paint. They were then heat treated in an electric furnace at 5, 10, and 20 min at 100°C. The samples were then characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low-resolution and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and roughness analyses. The results revealed that there is transformation of the structure and morphology of the silver/PLA samples on exposure to heat treatment at different times. On heat treatment, the PLA structure transforms from unstable δ state to thermally stable state (α). A slight shift of the 2θ for each peak was observed at heat treatment. There are shifts up to 0.7 eV on the binding energy of the Ag3d as shown by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, indicating an enhancement of bonding of silver onto the PLA structure on thermal treatment. The surface appearance was described by root mean square roughness, mean roughness, skew, kurtosis, and fractal dimension. The inner structure of the samples is shown by scanning electron microscopy at cross sections. The morphology and topography on the surface of the silver/PLA samples indicate a considerable structure growth and adhesion between the silver and PLA. These results illustrate that in situ deposition of silver paint onto PLA substrate, and subsequent heat treatment can be explored as a viable process for enhancing metallization of 3D printed polymer parts for various applications.
A Comparison Study of the Austenite Grain Growth and Its Transformation Behavior during Uniform Continuous Cooling of a Wrought and Selective Laser Melting 4340 Steels
Authors: Wang Yuankang , de Souza Ciacco Pedro , Ordonez Raymundo , Isaac Garcia C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study compares austenite grain growth and its continuous cooling transformation (CCT) behavior between selective laser melting (SLM) 4340 and conventional wrought 4340 steels. Standard dilatometry tests were used to determine the austenite decomposition behavior at different cooling rates. The analysis of the data from the controlled cooling paths was used to generate CCT diagrams for the two steels investigated in this study. Advanced microstructural characterization techniques, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Orientation Imaging Microscopy, were employed to support the CCT diagrams. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and a special EBSD-Image Quality characterization technique were used to assess the percentage of the microstructural components observed. Three important observations were made: (1) the hardenability of the wrought 4340 steel was higher than the SLM 4340 steel; (2) the presence of granular bainite was observed after slow cooling conditions in both steels; (3) the SLM steel exhibited finer austenite grain size distribution than the wrought steel in the temperature range studied. MTEX, a MatLab program, was used to reconstruct the prior austenite grains. The SLM steel exhibited finer austenite grain size distribution than the wrought steel in the temperature range studied.
IMPORTÂNCIA DA EDUCAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE E PARA O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS: ALGUMAS REFLEXÕES PERTINENTES
Authors: Moraes Alesson Sardinha de , Costa Elen de Fátima Lago Barros 
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a importância da educação científica na formação de futuros professores das licenciaturas e analisar como esta formação científica pode contribuir para a compreensão crítica para o ensino de ciências. Tem como categorias de análise educação científica, ensino de ciências, formação docente numa perspectiva crítica voltada para a aprendizagem efetivamente significativa. Para tanto, aborda estas categorias à luz do materialismo histórico dialético, tendo como referencial teórico os estudos de Marx, Engels, Chassot, Fourez, Cachapuz, dentre outros. No que concerne aos procedimentos metodológicos, trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e utilizam-se como técnicas de pesquisa a revisão bibliográfica e documental. Conclui-se que investigar como o ensino de ciências está sendo desenvolvido nas licenciaturas é imprescindível para a formação dos futuros docentes e, consequentemente, para sua prática em suas salas de aula. É preciso pensar a ciência para além do caráter abstrato e, portanto, inatingível. É necessário que o ensino de ciências parta do movimento do real, ou seja, ensinar ciências acompanhando a realidade e as transformações cotidianas, instrumentalizando o aluno a pensar criticamente esta realidade.
Gastrointestinal Stent Uygulamaları: Tek merkez deneyimi
Authors: AKKUZU Mustafa Zanyar , SEZGİN Orhan , ATES Fehmi , ÖZDOĞAN Osman , YARAŞ Serkan , AYDIN Ferzan , RIZAOĞLU BALCI Hatice , ÜÇBİLEK Enver , ALTİNTAS Engin 
Published: March 2021

Giriş ve Amaç
Gastrointestinal (Gİ) stentler gastrointestinal kanaldaki malign veya benign darlıklarda ve akciğer kanseri gibi komşu organ maligniteleri ile ilişkili bası veya fistüllerde ya da operasyonlardan sonraki darlık veya kaçaklarda palyatif amaçla kullanılmaktadır. Biz kliniğimizde taktığımız Gİ stentlerin takılma nedenlerini ve seyrini değerlendirerek Gİ stentlerle ilgili klinik deneyimimizi paylaşmayı amaçladık.

Materyal ve Metod
2014-2019 yılları arasında kliniğimizde çeşitli nedenlerle Gİ stent takılan olgular çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Retrospektif olarak stent takılma nedeni, stent çeşidi, komplikasyon olup olmaması, komplikasyonların yönetimi ve hastaların yaşam süreleri incelendi. Özellikle ileri evre kanserlerde stentlerin palyatif tedavide etkinliği ve yaşam süresine katkısı değerlendirildi.

Bulgular
Bu süreçte toplam 36 hastaya Gİ stent takılmıştı. Hastalarımızın 24 (%67)’ü erkek ve 12 (%33)’si kadındı. Erkeklerin yaş ortalaması 67±13,8, kadınların yaş ortalaması 45,6±11,5 idi. Malign sebeplerle stent takılanların; %44,5’i özofagus kanseri, %19,5’i mide kanseri, %16,6’sında akciğer kanseri ve %5,5’una da rektum kanseri nedeniyle stent takılmıştı. Benign nedenlerle stent takılanların %11,1’ine fistül, %2,8’ine de evre d özofajit nedeniyle stent takılmıştı. Hepsine SEMS takılmıştı. Hastalarımızın %27’si halen yaşamaktaydı. Hastalarımızın %73’ü ölmüş olup ortalama yaşam süresine baktığımızda 109,6±101 gün olarak saptadık.

Tartışma ve Sonuç
Sonuç olarak, ameliyat edilemeyen sindirim sistemi darlığı olan hastaların palyasyonunda stent kullanımının, mortalitesinin olmaması ve sınırlı morbiditesi ile kısa dönemde kaliteli bir palyasyon için etkin bir yöntem olduğu kanısındayız. Kendiliğinden genişleyen metal stentler kullanılarak malign ve benign disfajinin hafiflemesi sağlanabilir.
A study to assess maternal and child health care utilization by slum dwellers in Shivamogga
Authors: N. H. Sridevi , Kumar N. Praveen , H. N. Swathi 
Published: March 2021

Background: As per the WHO estimates, Slums are home to an estimated 8280 lakh people, representing around one third of the world’s urban population. Health is a major economic issue for slum residents. Objective of the study was to assess utilization of health care facilities by slum dwellers with special reference to maternal and child health.Methods: A list of all slums and the number of households therein was collected from city municipal corporation Shivamogga of which 10 slums were selected by simple random sampling all the households in the selected slums were included in the study. Quantitative data were collected from the households of selected slums after taking informed consent using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Information about health care seeking with reference to maternal and child health was obtained by checking the available medical records and as self-reported by the respondents. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software.Results: In this study, among the 339 households studied 93.5% of the women had more than 4 antenatal visits and 99.1% of the deliveries were institutional, the most frequently contacted healthcare facility was government medical college. Conclusions: The availability of better healthcare facilities like government medical college in the proximity of these slums has led to good health seeking behaviour among them.
THE MERGER OF FATA: BREAKING THE CLUTCHES OF BRITISH COLONIAL FRONTIER CRIMES REGULATIONS (FCR)
Authors: Khan Alamgeer , Alam Intikhab , Shah Mussawar , Ullah Asad , Muhammad Shafi Malik 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of the study: The present study aimed to find the association between frontier crime regulations (FCR) abolishment (independent variable) in the context of the merger of FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (dependent variable).
Methodology: The study follows a crossectional research design. Primary data were collected from 384 randomly selected respondents of the two newly merged districts, Khyber and Kurram of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The association and strength of the relationship were obtained by the application of Chi-Square (χ2) and Kandel Tau b (Tb) test statistics.
Main Findings: Based on the obtained statistics, the FCR law was against fundamental rights, favoring the local elites, a hurdle to development, a source of corruption, outdated and inefficient in counter militancy, unpopular, and the tribals ready to welcome the modern governance system. The background variables gender and age yielded spurious relationships. At the same time, socio-economic status resulted in a non-spurious relationship between the variables above.
Applications of this study: The research results can be applied to such studies that focus on the indigenous culture, governance, and fundamental human rights.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study's unique feature is that it is the first-ever attempt to investigate such kinds of topics in Pakistan's tribal regions. Besides, it also provides an outlook of the inhuman and unjustified state-sponsored FCR.
Filosofía de la cooperación
Authors: Divar Garteiz-Aurrecoa Javier 
Published: March 2021

La evolución del cooperativismo como doctrina social y económica parte de los asociacionistas y de los mutualistas históricos, asentándose en los llamados pioneros sociales, ideario que se tecnifica con el movimiento rochdaliano, que caracteriza estatutaria y legalmente el cooperativismo, para culminar en la empresarialización desarrollada por el cooperativismo alemán.Recibido: 20 junio 2012Aceptado: 24 julio 2012
A concorrência do mercado como elemento de afetação da gestão democrática nas cooperativas de crédito brasileiras
Authors: Silveira Felipe da Silva 
Published: March 2021

O princípio cooperativo da gestão democrática, enunciado pela Aliança Cooperativa Internacional, estabelece que os membros participam ativamente do desenvolvimento das cooperativas, atuando diretamente na formulação de suas políticas e nos processos de tomada de decisão. No entanto, acontece que esta previsão encontra um fio de fraqueza no sistema de crédito cooperativo brasileiro. Levando em consideração sua preocupação com a sobrevivência em um mercado em que compete com os bancos, as cooperativas de crédito no Brasil priorizam a assunção do perfil econômico e do comportamento mercadológico, ferindo a essência identitária do seu caráter cooperativo. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem o propósito de identificar o momento em que a competição substitui a ideia emblemática de um homem por um voto por um manto de formalidades e protocolos que causa a morte da participação ativa e direta dos membros na gestão da sociedade cooperativa. O objetivo é corrigir o curso de ação interno, protegendo assim a identidade do cooperativismo no sistema de crédito cooperativo no Brasil. O desenvolvimento do trabalho terá como base o método dedutivo da abordagem e utilizará pesquisas diretas.
Recibido: 04 septiembre 2017Aceptado: 20 noviembre 2017
A influência dos valores fundamentais do cooperativismo para a efetiva gestão democrática das cooperativas: um modelo de gestão próprio para o exercício da responsabilidade social da empresa
Authors: De Freitas Rafael Spadaro 
Published: March 2021

De acuerdo a la Declaración sobre la Identidad Cooperativa emitida por la Alianza Cooperativa Internacional, el Principio de Gestión Democrática traduce la participación activa de los miembros en la vida y gestión de la cooperativa. En este sentido, la Gestión Democrática deriva de la idea esencial de que cada socio presenta un voto en el seno de las asambleas. Por ello, buscase, por este trabajo, examinar la esencia de la axiología de la cooperación, verificando la efectiva influencia de los valores fundamentales del Cooperativismo en los procesos internos de gestión. El objetivo central es evidenciar la propiedad de los valores de auto ayuda y solidaridad como marco moral de orientación del orden económico, enmarcando el sustrato de responsabilidad social en el ejercicio de las actividades empresariales. Para ello, se va a utilizar el método deductivo-inductivo de abordaje, con empleo de la investigación directa e indirecta.
Recibido: 04 septiembre 2017Aceptado: 20 noviembre 2017
La competencia legislativa en materia de cooperativas: el caso español
Authors: Gadea Soler Enrique 
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la delimitación material de la competencia legislativa en materia de cooperativas después de la Constitución de 1978, así como la delimitación territorial de la competencia legislativa tanto en la etapa anterior a la vigente Ley 27/1999 de Cooperativas como en la actualidad. Finaliza con una referencia a la competencia estatal sobre las bases de la ordenación de la actividad crediticia y aseguradora.
Recibido: 05 julio 2017Aceptado: 20 noviembre 2017
Políticas públicas de fomento de sociedades cooperativas y laborales. Especial referencia a las actuaciones de difusión de la economía social
Authors: Diez Ácimas Luis 
Published: March 2021

Los poderes públicos tienen la obligación de fomentar la economía social. La Administración General del Estado y las administraciones de las Comunidades Autónomas gestionan programas de subvenciones. Estas tienen como objeto principal la creación y consolidación de empresas con forma jurídica de sociedad cooperativa o sociedad laboral. También, se financian actuaciones de entidades asociativas, fundaciones, universidades, ayuntamientos… que tienen como objetivo dar formación en materia de economía social y difundir este sector entre los potenciales emprendedores, los asesores de los mismos y la sociedad, en general. En este campo, creemos que se pueden realizar más actuaciones que mejoren la visibilidad de cooperativas y sociedades laborales. Por último, en este estudio vamos a comentar diversas iniciativas públicas, privadas o mixtas que contribuyen a la divulgación de los principios y valores de las empresas de economía social.
Recibido: 16 abril 2018Aceptado: 18 mayo 2018
La pugna entre el shareholder primacy model y la stakeholder theory en la doctrina y práctica anglosajona. Estado de la cuestión
Authors: Zavala Ortiz de la Torre Iñigo 
Published: March 2021

Existe una pugna entre los defensores de que los accionistas sean la referencia, a la que la dirección de la empresa tiene que mirar cuando adopta sus decisiones; frente a los que creen que, junto a estos se deben tomar en cuenta los intereses de otros stakeholders como son los trabajadores, los acreedores, los proveedores y los clientes. Si bien la doctrina, e incluso las posibilidades legislativas, avalan la segunda postura en los países anglosajones; tanto la práctica, como el análisis de los principales Códigos de Buen Gobierno, nos muestran que en realidad sigue vigente la primera. ¿Porqué?
Recibido: 14 enero 2013Aceptado: 18 febrero 2013
La creación de empresas individuales (trabajo autónomo) por parte de estudiantes y graduados universitarios
Authors: Martín López Sonia , Fernández Guadaño Josefina , Bel Durán Paloma , Lejarriaga Pérez de las Vacas Gustavo , García-Gutiérrez Fernández Carlos 
Published: March 2021

En España existe un importante problema de desempleo que a raíz de la actual crisis económica se ha agravado de forma considerable durante los últimos años. Los jóvenes son uno de los colectivos más afectados por el desempleo, por lo que, ante la dificultad de encontrar empleo por cuenta ajena, el emprendimiento, y en concreto el emprendimiento individual o trabajo autónomo puede suponer una alternativa al trabajo asalariado que les permita tanto incorporarse como mantenerse en el mercado laboral. Sin embargo, los jóvenes universitarios españoles siguen mostrando una escasa vocación emprendedora. En este punto, pueden jugar un papel relevante las Universidades en las se está despertando un interés por fomentar el espíritu emprendedor, no sólo desde los propios planes de estudio, sino creándose cada vez en mayor medida estructuras de asesoramiento y apoyo, como las Oficinas de Emprededores. En este sentido, este estudio procura recabar la opinión, de los diferentes colectivos implicados: alumnos, profesores y oficinas de apoyo al emprendedor, sobre la percepción del emprendimiento individual en el ámbito universitario.
Recibido: 25 enero 2014Aceptado: 27 febrero 2014
El capital social como factor de éxito en las cooperativas mexicanas. Caso: Cooperativa «Las Chiquihuitecas», productora de grana cochinilla
Authors: Preciado Ortiz Claudia Leticia , Vargas-Hernández José G. 
Published: March 2021

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es reflejar la importancia del capital social en el establecimiento y crecimiento de las cooperativas en México, caso específico la cooperativa «Las Chiquihuitecas», productora de grana-cochinilla (Dactylopius coccus Costa). El método de investigación utilizado fue totalmente cualitativo aplicando el análisis documental y la entrevista a profundidad como instrumento para la recolección de la información. Como resultado se obtuvo que el capital social ha sido el elemento clave en la formación y desarrollo de la cooperativa.
Recibido: 06 junio 2017Aceptado: 17 julio 2017
The Use of Anterior Superior Iliac Spine Osteotomy to Access the Anterior Column in Tumor Resection
Authors: Kellish Alec S. , Pandya Vidish , Simon Andrew , Kim Tae Won , Gutowski Christina J. 
Published: March 2021

Case:
A 24-year-old woman with chondrosarcoma of the superior pubic ramus underwent a Type III pelvic resection through an ilioinguinal approach, modified with anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) osteotomy. The osteotomy mobilized the ASIS and sartorious distally, exposing the anterior wall and superior ramus. A custom cutting guide was placed on the anterior acetabular wall for en bloc superior ramus resection with hip-sparing osteotomy and negative margins.

Conclusion:
ASIS osteotomy for sartorius mobilization improves visualization of the anterior column of the acetabulum and heals more reliably than sartorius tenotomy, therefore should be considered during tumor resection involving the anterior column, superior ramus, or acetabular wall.