bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neglected Cutaneous Skin Malignancy: A Patient with Concurrent Giant Basal Cell Carcinoma and Melanoma
Authors: Sun L. , Tan E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Giant basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are a rare subtype of BCC that grow to be greater than 5 cm in diameter. With the increase in size, there is a corresponding increase in metastatic rate and state of local invasion, with a clinical morphology that can be hard to differentiate from other subtypes of cutaneous malignancy. Although histologically equivalent to their common sub-centimetre counterparts, giant BCCs can precipitate significant systematic medical morbidity as well as psychological trauma, and can be a real surgical reconstructive challenge to clinicians.

Aims
To add breadth to the existing cases in the literature, as well as a fresh patient perspective on the psychological challenges in a patient with Giant BCC.

Materials & Methods
A case from the Waikato Hospital, New Zealand referred to the Plastic and Reconstructive Department is carefully photographed, ordered, and presented.

Results
We present a case of a 15 cm giant BCC of the back existing alongside a neglected thick exophytic melanoma of the elbow in a patient who had been too embarrassed to approach healthcare professionals. These skin lesions were an incidental discovery by the general practitioner after the patient presented with symptoms of shortness of breath.

Discussion
Neglected skin cancers can fungate and be clinically morphologically confusing. Photographs of examples of these tumours can hone clinician awareness of the existance of Giant BCCs.

Conclusion
Giant BCCs are an entity yet to receive standardized treatment stratification. Prompt diagnosis and staging scans mean an expedited path to wide local excision and reconstruction, resulting in timely resolution of patients' immediate morbidity from their oncological disease burden.
Core‐Shell Structured Micro‐Nanomotors: Construction, Shell Functionalization, Applications, and Perspectives
Authors: Yan Miao , Liang Kang , Zhao Dongyuan , Kong Biao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe successful integration of well‐designed micro‐nanomotors (MNMs) with diverse functional systems, such as, living systems, remote actuation systems, intelligent sensors, and sensing systems, offers many opportunities to not only endow them with diverse functionalization interfaces but also bring augmented or new properties in a wide variety of applications. Core‐shell structured MNM systems have been considered to play an important role in a wide range of applications as they provide a platform to integrate multiple complementary components via decoration, encapsulation, or functionalization into a single functional system, being able to protect the active species from harsh environments, and bring improved propulsion performance, stability, non‐toxicity, multi‐functionality, and dispersibility, etc., which are not easily available from the isolated components. More importantly, the hetero‐interfaces between individual components within a core‐shell structure might give rise to boosted or new physiochemical properties. This review will bring together these key aspects of the core‐shell structured MNMs, ranging from advanced protocols, enhanced/novel functionalities arising from diverse functional shells, to integrated core‐shell structured MNMs for diverse applications. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives for the development of core‐shell structured MNMs are discussed in term of synthesis, functions, propulsions, and applications.
The HURRIER process for experimentation in business‐to‐business mission‐critical systems
Authors: Issa Mattos David , Dakkak Anas , Bosch Jan , Olsson Helena Holmström 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContinuous experimentation (CE) refers to a set of practices used by software companies to rapidly assess the usage, value, and performance of deployed software using data collected from customers and systems in the field using an experimental methodology. However, despite its increasing popularity in developing web‐facing applications, CE has not been studied in the development process of business‐to‐business (B2B) mission‐critical systems. By observing the CE practices of different teams, with a case study methodology inside Ericsson, we were able to identify the different practices and techniques used in B2B mission‐critical systems and a description and classification of the four possible types of experiments. We present and analyze each of the four types of experiments with examples in the context of the mission‐critical long‐term evolution (4G) product. These examples show the general experimentation process followed by the teams and the use of the different CE practices and techniques. Based on these examples and the empirical data, we derived the HURRIER process to deliver high‐quality solutions that the customers value. Finally, we discuss the challenges, opportunities, and lessons learned from applying CE and the HURRIER process in B2B mission‐critical systems.
Influence of science text reading difficulty and hands‐on manipulation on science learning: An eye‐tracking study
Authors: Jian Yu‐Cin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study used eye‐movement tracking to investigate how students engage with the learning process of reading science articles with or without hands‐on manipulation of a pulley system and their influences on learning outcomes. This experiment used a 2 (reading easy or difficult articles) × 2 (with or without hands‐on manipulation) between‐subject design. Seventy‐nine undergraduate students participated. They first read a science article about rotational mechanics and then completed a problem‐solving task. While completing the problem‐solving task, the two pure reading groups could reread the article to write down their answers, and the two read‐and‐manipulation groups were allowed to manipulate the pulley system in addition to reading the article. The participants' eye movements were recorded during the completion of this task. Results showed that hands‐on manipulation benefited those learners who read the difficult article, since they had better scores regarding the problem‐solving task; this was not the case for those who read the easy article. Eye movement data showed that the two pure reading groups spent more processing time rereading the article as well as writing their answers to the problem‐solving task than did the other two read‐and‐manipulation groups. Furthermore, the easy‐article group spent significantly longer processing time on performing the experiment but not on preparing or planning for manipulating the pulley system than did the difficult‐article group. The transition proportion of eye fixations reflected the looking and acting order of the participants during the problem‐solving task and indicated groups' similarities (e.g., seldom did students refer to the article to manipulate the pulley system and in reverse) and differences (e.g., the difficult‐article group preferred to check back‐and‐forth if their manipulation resolved the testing questions, but the easy‐article group did so relatively seldom).
The role of forensic anthropological techniques in identifying America's war dead from past conflicts
Authors: Belcher William R. , Shiroma Calvin Y. , Chesson Lesley A. , Berg Gregory E. , Jans Miranda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Scientific Analysis Directorate of the U.S. Department of Defense's (DoD) Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) is a unique entity within the U.S. Government. This agency currently houses the world's largest, accredited skeletal identification laboratory in the world, in terms of the size of the scientific staff, global mission, and number of annual identifications. Traditional forensic anthropology is used for the formation of a biological profile (biological sex, stature, population affinity/ancestry, and age) as well as trauma and pathologies that may be compared with historical records and personnel files. Since World War II, various scientists associated with DoD have conducted base‐line research in support of the identification of U.S. war dead, including, but not limited to, histology, the use of chest radiography and clavicle comparison, and statistical models to deal with commingling issues. The primary goal of the identification process of the Scientific Analysis Directorate is to use all available historical, field, and forensic methods to establish the most robust and defendable identification as scientifically and legally possible.This article is categorized under:Forensic Anthropology > Age AssessmentForensic Anthropology > Sex AssessmentForensic Anthropology > Ancestry Determination
Quantum corrections to the thermodynamics of black branes
Authors: Pourhassan Behnam , Faizal Mir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study the thermodynamics of black branes at quantum scales. We analyze both perturbative and non-perturbative corrections to the thermodynamics of such black branes. It will be observed that these corrections will modify the relation between the entropy and area of these black branes. This will in turn modify their specific heat, and thus their stability. So, such corrections can have important consequences for the stability of black branes at quantum scales. We also analyze the effect of these perturbative and non-perturbative quantum corrections on various other thermodynamic quantities. Then, we obtain the metric for the quantum corrected geometry for black branes.
A stringy perspective on the coincidence problem
Authors: Cunillera Francesc , Padilla Antonio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We argue that, for string compactifications broadly consistent with swampland constraints, dark energy is likely to signal the beginning of the end of our universe as we know it, perhaps even through decompactification, with possible implications for the cosmological coincidence problem. Thanks to the scarcity (absence?) of stable de Sitter vacua, dark energy in string theory is assumed to take the form of a quintessence field in slow roll. As it rolls, a tower of heavy states will generically descend, triggering an apocalyptic phase transition in the low energy cosmological dynamics after at most a few hundred Hubble times. As a result, dark energy domination cannot continue indefinitely and there is at least a percentage chance that we find ourselves in the first Hubble epoch. We use a toy model of quintessence coupled to a tower of heavy states to explicitly demonstrate the breakdown in the cosmological dynamics as the tower becomes light. This occurs through a large number of corresponding particles being produced after a certain time, overwhelming quintessence. We also discuss some implications for early universe inflation.
Nucleation and Growth of Lattice Crystals
Authors: Braides Andrea , Scilla Giovanni , Tribuzio Antonio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA variational lattice model is proposed to define an evolution of sets from a single point (nucleation) following a criterion of “maximization” of the perimeter. At a discrete level, the evolution has a “checkerboard” structure and its shape is affected by the choice of the norm defining the dissipation term. For every choice of the scales, the convergence of the discrete scheme to a family of expanding sets with constant velocity is proved.
Mid-term follow-up surgical results in 284 cases of clival chordomas: the risk factors for outcome and tumor recurrence
Authors: Bai Jiwei , Li Mingxuan , Shi Jianxin , Jing Liwei , Zhai Yixuan , Zhang Shuheng , Wang Junmei , Zhao Peng , Li Chuzhong , Gui Songbai , Zhang Yazhuo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective
Skull base chordoma (SBC) is rare and one of the most challenging diseases to treat. We aimed to assess the optimal timing of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) and to evaluate the factors that influence resection and long-term outcomes.

Methods
In total, 284 patients with 382 surgeries were enrolled in this retrospective study. Postsurgically, 64 patients underwent RT before recurrence (pre-recurrence RT), and 47 patients underwent RT after recurrence. During the first attempt to achieve gross-total resection (GTR), when the entire tumor was resected, 268 patients were treated with an endoscopic midline approach, and 16 patients were treated with microscopic lateral approaches. Factors associated with the success of GTR were identified using χ2 and logistic regression analyses. Risk factors associated with chordoma-specific survival (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated with the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
In total, 74.6% of tumors were marginally resected [GTR (40.1%), near-total resection (34.5%)]. History of surgery, large tumor volumes, and tumor locations in the lower clivus were associated with a lower GTR rate. The mean follow-up period was 43.9 months. At the last follow-up, 181 (63.7%) patients were alive. RT history, histologic subtype (dedifferentiated and sarcomatoid), non-GTR, no postsurgical RT, and the presence of metastasis were associated with poorer CSS. Patients with pre-recurrence RT had the longest PFS and CSS, while patients without postsurgical RT had the worst outcome.

Conclusion
GTR is the goal of initial surgical treatment. Pre-recurrence RT would improve outcome regardless of GTR.
Advance voting and political competition
Authors: Ekman Mats 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper appears to be the first to analyse political campaign incentives when the electorate vote at different moments before Election Day, a phenomenon known as early or advance voting. Many jurisdictions accommodate such voting by accepting mail-in ballots or by opening polling places before Election Day. Since politicians can thereby add campaign promiseswhilecitizens vote, they have an incentive to add promises valued by late-voting segments as Election Day approaches. This implies that early-voting segments of the electorate will pay higher taxes and receive lower transfers than had been announced when they voted. Late-voting segments benefit.
Satellite Gravimetry: A Review of Its Realization
Authors: Flechtner Frank , Reigber Christoph , Rummel Reiner , Balmino Georges 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince Kepler, Newton and Huygens in the seventeenth century, geodesy has been concerned with determining the figure, orientation and gravitational field of the Earth. With the beginning of the space age in 1957, a new branch of geodesy was created, satellite geodesy. Only with satellites did geodesy become truly global. Oceans were no longer obstacles and the Earth as a whole could be observed and measured in consistent series of measurements. Of particular interest is the determination of the spatial structures and finally the temporal changes of the Earth's gravitational field. The knowledge of the gravitational field represents the natural bridge to the study of the physics of the Earth's interior, the circulation of our oceans and, more recently, the climate. Today, key findings on climate change are derived from the temporal changes in the gravitational field: on ice mass loss in Greenland and Antarctica, sea level rise and generally on changes in the global water cycle. This has only become possible with dedicated gravity satellite missions opening a method known as satellite gravimetry. In the first forty years of space age, satellite gravimetry was based on the analysis of the orbital motion of satellites. Due to the uneven distribution of observatories over the globe, the initially inaccurate measuring methods and the inadequacies of the evaluation models, the reconstruction of global models of the Earth's gravitational field was a great challenge. The transition from passive satellites for gravity field determination to satellites equipped with special sensor technology, which was initiated in the last decade of the twentieth century, brought decisive progress. In the chronological sequence of the launch of such new satellites, the history, mission objectives and measuring principles of the missions CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE flown since 2000 are outlined and essential scientific results of the individual missions are highlighted. The special features of the GRACE Follow-On Mission, which was launched in 2018, and the plans for a next generation of gravity field missions are also discussed.
Population genetics meets phylogenetics: new insights into the relationships among members of the genus Euthynnus (family Scombridae)
Authors: Ollé Judith , Vilà-Valls Laura , Alvarado-Bremer Jaime , Cerdenares Genoveva , Duong Thuy Yen , Hajjej Ghailen , Lino Pedro G. , Muñoz-Lechuga Rubén , Sow Fambaye Ngom , Diaha N’guessan Constance , Araguas Rosa M. , Sanz Núria , Viñas Jordi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEuthynnus(family Scombridae) is a genus of marine pelagic fish species with a worldwide distribution that comprises three allopatric species:E. alletteratus,E. affinisandE. lineatus. All of them targeted by artisanal and commercial fisheries. We analyzed 263 individuals from Atlantic and Pacific Oceans using two genetic markers, the mtDNA Control Region (350 bp) and nuclear calmodulin (341 bp). The results obtained challenge the phylogeny of this group. We found a deep genetic divergence, probably at species level, withinE. alletteratus, between the North Atlantic-Mediterranean and the Tropical East Atlantic. This deep genetic divergence was tested with several species delimitation methods. This complete phylogeographic association between the North Atlantic and the Tropical East Atlantic support the hypothesis of two cryptic species. In addition, population genetic heterogeneity was detected between the North East Atlantic–Mediterranean and North West Atlantic regions. Our results indicate two scales of differentiation in what is currently considered a single population. Accordingly, for management purposes, the populations ofE. alletteratus, should be divided into a minimum of three management units. On the other hand, the high level of differentiation found inE. alletteratuscontrasts with the shallow genetic divergence ofE. affinisandE. lineatus.
EmoChannel-SA: exploring emotional dependency towards classification task with self-attention mechanism
Authors: Li Zongxi , Chen Xinhong , Xie Haoran , Li Qing , Tao Xiaohui , Cheng Gary 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExploiting hand-crafted lexicon knowledge to enhance emotional or sentimental features at word-level has become a widely adopted method in emotion-relevant classification studies. However, few attempts have been made to explore the emotion construction in the classification task, which provides insights to how a sentence’s emotion is constructed. The major challenge of exploring emotion construction is that the current studies assume the dataset labels as relatively independent emotions, which overlooks the connections among different emotions. This work aims to understand the coarse-grained emotion construction and their dependency by incorporating fine-grained emotions from domain knowledge. Incorporating domain knowledge and dimensional sentiment lexicons, our previous work proposes a novel method namedEmoChannelto capture the intensity variation of a particular emotion in time series. We utilize the resultant knowledge of 151 available fine-grained emotions to comprise the representation of sentence-level emotion construction. Furthermore, this work explicitly employs a self-attention module to extract the dependency relationship within all emotions and proposeEmoChannel-SANetwork to enhance emotion classification performance. We conducted experiments to demonstrate that the proposed method produces competitive performances against the state-of-the-art baselines on both multi-class datasets and sentiment analysis datasets.
Investigating the Effects of Robot Engagement Communication on Learning from Demonstration
Authors: Sun Mingfei , Peng Zhenhui , Xia Meng , Ma Xiaojuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRobot learning from demonstration (RLfD) is a technique for robots to derive policies from instructors’ examples. Although the reciprocal effects of student engagement on teacher behavior are widely recognized in the educational community, it is unclear whether the same phenomenon holds for RLfD. To fill this gap, we first design three types of robot engagement behavior (gaze, imitation, and a hybrid of the two) based on the learning literature. We then conduct, in a simulation environment, a within-subject user study to investigate the impact of different robot engagement cues on humans compared to a “without-engagement” condition. Results suggest that engagement communication has significantly negative influences on the human’s estimation of the simulated robots’ capability and significantly raises their expectation towards the learning outcomes, even though we do not run actual imitation learning algorithms in the experiments. Moreover, imitation behavior affects humans more than gaze does in all metrics, while their combination has the most profound influences on humans. We also find that communicating engagement via imitation or the combined behavior significantly improves humans’ perception towards the quality of simulated demonstrations, even if all demonstrations are of the same quality.
Evaluating the correlation between area, environmental heterogeneity, and species richness using terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) from the Pontine Islands (West Mediterranean)
Authors: Gentile Gabriele , Argano Roberto , Taiti Stefano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractArea and environmental heterogeneity influence species richness in islands. Whether area or environmental heterogeneity is more relevant in determining species richness is a central issue in island biogeography. Several models have been proposed, addressing the issue, and they can be reconducted to three main hypotheses developed to explain the species-area relationship: (1) thearea-per sehypothesis (known also as the extinction-colonisation equilibrium), (2) therandom placement(passive sampling), and the (3)environmental heterogeneity(habitat diversity). In this paper, considering also the possible influence of geographic distance on island species richness, we explore the correlation between area, environmental heterogeneity, and species richness by using faunistic data of Oniscidea inhabiting the Pontine Islands, a group of five small volcanic islands and several islets in the Tyrrhenian Sea, located about 60 km from the Italian mainland. We found that the colonisation of large Pontine Islands may occur via processes independent of geographic distance which could instead be an important factor at a much smaller scale. Such processes may be driven by a combination of anthropogenic influences and natural events. Even in very small-size island systems, environmental heterogeneity mostly contributes to species richness. Environmental heterogeneity could influence the taxocenosis structure and, ultimately, the number of species of Oniscidea via direct and indirect effects, these last mediated by area which may or may not have a direct effect on species richness.
Spectrums and Uniform Mean Ergodicity of Weighted Composition Operators on Fock Spaces
Authors: Seyoum Werkaferahu , Mengestie Tesfa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor holomorphic pairs of symbols $$(u, \psi )$$

(
u
,
ψ
)

, we study various structures of the weighted composition operator $$ W_{(u,\psi )} f= u \cdot f(\psi )$$

W

(
u
,
ψ
)

f
=
u
·
f

(
ψ
)

defined on the Fock spaces $$\mathcal {F}_p$$

F
p

. We have identified operators $$W_{(u,\psi )}$$

W

(
u
,
ψ
)

that have power-bounded and uniformly mean ergodic properties on the spaces. These properties are described in terms of easy to apply conditions relying on the values |u(0)| and $$|u(\frac{b}{1-a})|$$

|
u
(

b

1
-
a

)
|

, where a and b are coefficients from linear expansion of the symbol $$\psi $$
ψ
. The spectrum of the operators is also determined and applied further to prove results about uniform mean ergodicity.