bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating level of adherence to nicotine replacement therapy and its impact on smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mersha Amanual Getnet , Eftekhari Parivash , Bovill Michelle , Tollosa Daniel Nigusse , Gould Gillian Sandra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has proven effect in assisting smoking cessation. However, its effectiveness varies across studies and population groups. This may be due to differences in the rate of adherence. Hence, this review aims to examine the level of adherence to NRT and to assess if the level of adherence to NRT affects success of smoking cessation.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using studies retrieved from five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of science, and PsycINFO) and grey literature. Pooled analysis was conducted using Stata version 16 software. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. Analyses were done among those studies that used similar measurements to assess level of adherence and successful smoking cessation. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the Higgins’ I2 statistical test. Funnel plots and Egger’s regression asymmetry test were used to affirm presence of significant publication bias.

Results
A total of 7521 adult participants of 18 years old and above from 16 studies were included in the analysis. Level of adherence to NRT among participants of randomised controlled trials were found to be 61% (95% CI, 54–68%), p-value of < 0.001 and I2 = 85.5%. Whereas 26% of participants were adherent among participants of population-based studies with 95% CI, 20–32%, p-value of < 0.001 and I2 = 94.5%. Level of adherence was the lowest among pregnant women (22%) with 95% CI, 18–25%, p-value of 0.31 and I2 = 15.8%. Being adherent to NRT doubles the rate of successful quitting (OR = 2.17, 95% CI, 1.34–3.51), p-value of < 0.001 and I2 = 77.6%.

Conclusions
This review highlights a low level of adherence to NRT among participants of population-based studies and pregnant women as compared to clinical trials. Moreover, the review illustrated a strong association between adherence and successful smoking cessation. Hence, it is recommended to implement and assess large scale interventions to improve adherence. Health programs and policies are recommended to integrate the issue of adherence to NRT as a core component of smoking cessation interventions.

Trial registration
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020176749. Registered on 28 April 2020.
Six months in: pandemic crime trends in England and Wales
Authors: Langton Samuel , Dixon Anthony , Farrell Graham 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGovernments around the world have enforced strict guidelines on social interaction and mobility to control the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Evidence has begun to emerge which suggests that such dramatic changes in people’s routine activities have yielded similarly dramatic changes in criminal behavior. This study represents the first ‘look back’ on six months of the nationwide lockdown in England and Wales. Using open police-recorded crime trends, we provide a comparison between expected and observed crime rates for fourteen different offence categories between March and August, 2020. We find that most crime types experienced sharp, short-term declines during the first full month of lockdown. This was followed by a gradual resurgence as restrictions were relaxed. Major exceptions include anti-social behavior and drug crimes. Findings shed light on the opportunity structures for crime and the nuances of using police records to study crime during the pandemic.
“A debriefer must be neutral” and other debriefing myths: a systemic inquiry-based qualitative study of taken-for-granted beliefs about clinical post-event debriefing
Authors: Seelandt Julia Carolin , Walker Katie , Kolbe Michaela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of this study was to identify taken-for-granted beliefs and assumptions about use, costs, and facilitation of post-event debriefing. These myths prevent the ubiquitous uptake of post-event debriefing in clinical units, and therefore the identification of process, teamwork, and latent safety threats that lead to medical error. By naming these false barriers and assumptions, the authors believe that clinical event debriefing can be implemented more broadly.MethodsWe interviewed an international sample of 37 clinicians, educators, scholars, researchers, and healthcare administrators from hospitals, universities, and healthcare organizations in Western Europe and the USA, who had a broad range of debriefing experience. We adopted a systemic-constructivist approach that aimed at exploring in-depth assumptions about debriefing beyond obvious constraints such as time and logistics and focused on interpersonal relationships within organizations. Using circular questions, we intended to uncover new and tacit knowledge about barriers and facilitators of regular clinical debriefings. All interviews were transcribed and analyzed following a comprehensive process of inductive open coding.ResultsIn total, 1508.62 min of interviews (25 h, 9 min, and 2 s) were analyzed, and 1591 answers were categorized. Many implicit debriefing theories reflected current scientific evidence, particularly with respect to debriefing value and topics, the complexity and difficulty of facilitation, the importance of structuring the debriefing and engaging in reflective practice to advance debriefing skills. We also identified four debriefing myths which may prevent post-event debriefing from being implemented in clinical units.ConclusionThe debriefing myths include (1) debriefing only when disaster strikes, (2) debriefing is a luxury, (3) senior clinicians should determine debriefing content, and (4) debriefers must be neutral and nonjudgmental. These myths offer valuable insights into why current debriefing practices are ad hoc and not embedded into daily unit practices. They may help ignite a renewed momentum into the implementation of post-event debriefing in clinical settings.
Self-explaining roads: What does visual cognition tell us about designing safer roads?
Authors: Theeuwes Jan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn 1995, Theeuwes and Godthelp published a paper called “self-explaining roads,” in which they argued for the development of a new concept for approaching safe road design. Since this publication, self-explaining roads (SER) became one of the leading principles in road design worldwide. The underlying notion is that roads should be designed in such a way that road users immediately know how to behave and what to expect on these roads. In other words, the environment should be designed such that it elicits adequate and safe behavior. The present paper describes in detail the theoretical basis for the idea of SER and explains why this has such a large effect on human behavior. It is argued that the notion is firmly rooted in the theoretical framework of statistical learning, subjective road categorization and the associated expectations. The paper illustrates some successful implementation and describes recent developments worldwide.
Development of biopolymer-based menstrual pad and quality analysis against commercial merchandise
Authors: Shibly Md. Moynul Hassan , Hossain Mohammad Anower , Hossain M. Forhad , Nur Md Golam , Hossain Mohammad Billal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Managing menstrual hygiene in the least developed countries represents a significant obstacle for women and girls. Commonly dirty stuffs are used to control the menstrual cycle which causes many diseases, while disposable hygiene-absorbent material during menstruation is an essential requirement. Most local commercial sanitary napkins offer high absorptiveness and flexibility; however, most of them, due to the use of synthetic superabsorbent polymer (SAP) within the core layer, are not biodegradable and harmful to human skin. This research aims to create a sanitized and biodegradable pad in order to replace SAP with environmentally sound biopolymer that give rural poor women competent performance and characteristics.

Result
For the construction of the model, some of the current sanitary pads from the local market are examined. Six models are designed using various biopolymers such as cotton, viscose, wood pulp, sodium alginate and carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) in different proportions as the core absorbent layer to boost requirements such as absorption, fluid retention strength, coziness and cost reduction. The sanitized pads have gone through various investigations such as antimicrobial activity, wicking ability and water retention capacity to standardize vital features and value. The experimental results show the use of sodium alginate and CMC is a possible replacement for SAP as the best comparable result is observed in template consuming sodium alginate, CMC and cellulosic fibre. Non-woven fabric treated with neem extract forming the outer layer of sanitary napkin serving with antimicrobial activity of more than 90% against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Conclusion
Outcomes recommend significant advancement and cost-effectiveness of the newly designed archetype. Sanitary napkins without SAP can be a safe disposal solution and can therefore have a sustainable environmental impact.
Quality of care in psychiatry is related to research activity
Authors: de Arriba-Enriquez J. , Sanz-Casado E. , Vieta E. , Rapado-Castro M. , Arango C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
The top biomedical research institutions have traditionally been assumed to provide better medical treatment for their patients. However, this may not necessarily be the case. Low-to-moderate negative associations between research activity and the quality-of-care provided by clinical departments have been described. We aimed to examine this relationship in the psychiatric units of the largest hospitals in Spain.

Methods
Scientific publications for 50 hospitals were retrieved from the Web of Science (2006–2015), and quality of mental healthcare data were gathered from Spanish National Health System records (2008–2014). Spearman-rank correlation analyses (adjusting for number of beds and population) were used to examine the associations between research data and quality-of-care outcomes in psychiatry. Stepwise regression models were built in order to determine the predictive value of research productivity for healthcare outcomes.

Results
We found a positive association between research activity indicators (i.e., number of publications, number of citations, cumulative impact factor, and institutional H-index) and better quality-of-care outcomes in psychiatry (i.e., number of readmissions, transfers, and discharges from hospital). In particular, a higher research activity predicted a lower level of readmissions for individuals with psychoses (p = 0.025; R = 0.317), explaining 8.2% of the variance when other factors were accounted for.

Conclusions
Higher research activity is associated with better quality of mental healthcare in psychiatry. Our results can inform decision-making in clinical and research management settings in order to determine the most appropriate quality measures of the impact of research on the prognosis of individuals with psychiatric conditions.
Development and Pilot Testing of Entrustable Professional Activities for US Anesthesiology Residency Training
Authors: Woodworth Glenn E. , Marty Adrian P. , Tanaka Pedro P. , Ambardekar Aditee P. , Chen Fei , Duncan Michael J. , Fromer Ilana R. , Hallman Matthew R. , Klesius Lisa L. , Ladlie Beth L. , Mitchell Sally Ann , Miller Juve Amy K. , McGrath Brian J. , Shepler John A. , Sims Charles , Spofford Christina M. , Van Cleve Wil , Maniker Robert B. 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:
Modern medical education requires frequent competency assessment. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) provides a descriptive framework of competencies and milestones but does not provide standardized instruments to assess and track trainee competency over time. Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) represent a workplace-based method to assess the achievement of competency milestones at the point-of-care that can be applied to anesthesiology training in the United States.

METHODS:
Experts in education and competency assessment were recruited to participate in a 6-step process using a modified Delphi method with iterative rounds to reach consensus on an entrustment scale, a list of EPAs and procedural skills, detailed definitions for each EPA, a mapping of the EPAs to the ACGME milestones, and a target level of entrustment for graduating US anesthesiology residents for each EPA and procedural skill. The defined EPAs and procedural skills were implemented using a website and mobile app. The assessment system was piloted at 7 anesthesiology residency programs. After 2 months, faculty were surveyed on their attitudes on usability and utility of the assessment system. The number of evaluations submitted per month was collected for 1 year.

RESULTS:
Participants in EPA development included 18 education experts from 11 different programs. The Delphi rounds produced a final list of 20 EPAs, each differentiated as simple or complex, a defined entrustment scale, mapping of the EPAs to milestones, and graduation entrustment targets. A list of 159 procedural skills was similarly developed. Results of the faculty survey demonstrated favorable ratings on all questions regarding app usability as well as the utility of the app and EPA assessments. Over the 2-month pilot period, 1636 EPA and 1427 procedure assessments were submitted. All programs continued to use the app for the remainder of the academic year resulting in 12,641 submitted assessments.

CONCLUSIONS:
A list of 20 anesthesiology EPAs and 159 procedural skills assessments were developed using a rigorous methodology to reach consensus among education experts. The assessments were pilot tested at 7 US anesthesiology residency programs demonstrating the feasibility of implementation using a mobile app and the ability to collect assessment data. Adoption at the pilot sites was variable; however, the use of the system was not mandatory for faculty or trainees at any site.
Integrated analysis of cell shape and movement in moving frame
Authors: Heryanto Yusri Dwi , Cheng Chin-Yi , Uchida Yutaka , Mimura Kazushi , Ishii Masaru , Yamada Ryo 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The cell's movement and morphological change are two interrelated cellular processes. An integrated analysis is needed to explore the relationship between them. However, it has been challenging to investigate them as a whole. The cell's trajectory can be described by its speed, curvature, and torsion. On the other hand, the three-dimensional (3D) cell shape can be studied by using a shape descriptor such as spherical harmonic (SH) descriptor, which is an extension of a Fourier transform in 3D space. We propose a novel method using parallel-transport (PT) to integrate these shape-movement data by using moving frames as the 3D-shape coordinate system. This moving frame is purely determined by the velocity vector. On this moving frame, the movement change will influence the coordinate system for shape analysis. By analyzing the change of the SH coefficients over time in the moving frame, we can observe the relationship between shape and movement. We illustrate the application of our approach using simulated and real datasets in this paper.
Artificial intelligence system for automatic deciduous tooth detection and numbering in panoramic radiographs
Authors: Kılıc Münevver Coruh , Bayrakdar Ibrahim Sevki , Çelik Özer , Bilgir Elif , Orhan Kaan , Aydın Ozan Barıs , Kaplan Fatma Akkoca , Sağlam Hande , Odabaş Alper , Aslan Ahmet Faruk , Yılmaz Ahmet Berhan 
Published: March 2021

Objective:This study evaluated the use of a deep-learning approach for automated detection and numbering of deciduous teeth in children as depicted on panoramic radiographs.Methods and materials:An artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm (CranioCatch, Eskisehir-Turkey) using Faster R-CNN Inception v2 (COCO) models were developed to automatically detect and number deciduous teeth as seen on pediatric panoramic radiographs. The algorithm was trained and tested on a total of 421 panoramic images. System performance was assessed using a confusion matrix.Results:The AI system was successful in detecting and numbering the deciduous teeth of children as depicted on panoramic radiographs. The sensitivity and precision rates were high. The estimated sensitivity, precision, and F1 score were 0.9804, 0.9571, and 0.9686, respectively.Conclusion:Deep-learning-based AI models are a promising tool for the automated charting of panoramic dental radiographs from children. In addition to serving as a time-saving measure and an aid to clinicians, AI plays a valuable role in forensic identification.
Body mass index (BMI) and quality of life among long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Vankina Srilakshmi P. , Vogel Rachel I. , Jewett Patricia I. , Boucher Alexander A. , Janardan Sanyukta K. , Kunin-Batson Alicia , Sadak Karim Thomas , Blaes Anne 
Published: March 2021

Background: Adult survivors of childhood cancers such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk of overweight and related chronic morbidities. As childhood cancer survival has been improving, long-term quality of life (QOL) among cancer survivors becomes more important. We examined the association of body mass index with physical and psychosocial QOL among childhood ALL survivors who returned for long-term follow-up after end of therapy. Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey (2006-2012), we assessed the association between body mass index and quality of life in 58 long-term survivors of childhood ALL (ages 9 to 43 at the time of survey/measurement) using age-appropriate QOL instruments (Health-Related Quality of Life Short Form – SF-36 or Child Health Questionnaire-PF-50). Results: Half of the participants were overweight or obese at the time of survey. Mean QOL scores were similar to population norms. Compared to underweight/healthy weight status, being overweight/obese was not significantly associated with poorer physical QOL, but with poorer psychosocial QOL (47.1±13.2 vs. 54.0±6.0, P=0.01, effect size Cohen’s d=0.67), which remained statistically significant after adjusting for age and sex. Conclusions: Weight management should be the target of timely interventions among survivors of childhood ALL.
Size Matters, So Does Duration: The Interplay Between Offer Size and Offer Deadline
Authors: Hu Zhenyu , Tang Wenjie 
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the interplay between offer size and offer deadline in a Stackelberg game involving a proposer and a responder. The proposer acts first by making an offer to the responder with a deadline, and the responder, concurrently following a continuous-time finite-horizon search for alternative offers, has to respond to the proposer’s offer by the deadline. Taking into account the responder’s reaction, the proposer’s optimal strategy can vary from an exploding offer—an offer that has to be accepted or rejected on the spot—to an offer with an extended deadline under different market conditions, proxied by characteristics of the alternative offer distribution. In particular, the proposer should offer an exploding offer when the alternative offer market is unfavorable to the responder, and the harsher it is, the smaller will be the offer size. By contrast, when the alternative offer market is favorable to the responder, the proposer can benefit from making a smaller (compared with the exploding offer) nonexploding offer, and the more favorable the market, the smaller will be the offer size and the longer the deadline. Our analysis is further extended to the case where the responder has private knowledge of the alternative offers’ arrival rate, and we characterize the optimal strategy for the proposer when she makes either a single offer or a menu of offers that serves as a self-selection mechanism. In the latter case, the optimal menu of offers can be implemented as a sign-up bonus type of contract. This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.
HUBUNGAN PERAN POS KESEHATAN PESANTREN DENGAN PENERAPAN PERSONAL HYGIENE SANTRI
Authors: Yuniasih Lilis , Wibowo Marsiana 
Published: March 2021

Personal hygiene is one's effort to maintain cleanliness and health to obtain physical and psychological well-being. As many as 50% of students in Islamic boarding schools experience diseases related to personal hygiene including scabies and pediculosis capitis. Poskestren is a manifestation of community-based health efforts within the boarding school environment, with principles from, by and for pesantren residents, which prioritizes promotive and preventive services without neglecting the curative and rehabilitative arrangements with the development of local puskesmas. Thus the poskestren is one of the references in health development in Islamic boarding schools which should be able to overcome health problems. However, with the presence of the boarding school health post, diseases related to personal hygiene in Islamic Boarding School X, Bantul Regency have yet to be completely resolved. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between students' perceptions of the role of the boarding school health post with the personal hygiene of students in Islamic Boarding School X, Bantul Regency. This study uses an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study were all 56 students living in Islamic Boarding Schools X and the sampling technique used was total sampling. Respondents who met the criteria totalled 51 people. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test. Statistical test results show that there was a relationship between promotive efforts with the application of students personal hygiene (ρ = 0,000) and there is no relationship between preventive efforts (ρ = 1,000), curative (ρ = 1,000), and rehabilitative (0.840) with the application of santri personal hygiene. There was a relationship between perception about the role of poskestren promotive efforts with the implementation of personal hygiene of students and there was no relationship between perception of the role of health post boarding school with the application of personal hygiene of students in Boarding school X, Bantul Regency
HUBUNGAN LAMA PENGGUNAAN GADGET DENGAN PERILAKU SOSIAL ANAK PRASEKOLAH
Authors: Putri Emri Oktaresa , Utami Agnita , Lestari Raja Fitrina 
Published: March 2021

Gadgets are used by all people including preschool children. The use of gadgets in the pre-school increase every year and can make the child social behavior is impaired because addicted to gadget duration play with more than 1 hour. This study aims to see the long relationship between the use of gadgets and the social behavior of pre-school children. This type of research is quantitative using a description of correlation design with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling with a sample of 76 respondents. The data collection tool used is a questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that as many as 46.1% of children use gadgets more than 1 hour every day and 27.6% of children have bad socialization behavior. Chi square correlation test results obtained = 0.003 (p <0.05), which means that there is a significant relationship between the duration of the use of gadgets and the social behavior of pre-school children in TK Negeri Pembina 3 Pekanbaru. The results of this study are expected to provide knowledge to parents who have pre-school children to limit children in using gadgets.