bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assess the knowledge and attitude regarding antenatal care among spouses of pregnant women attending antenatal OPD in selected tertiary care hospital Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Authors: Gupta Indresh , Mandal Anindita 
Published: March 2021

Background: Antenatal care is an umbrella term used to describe the medical procedures and care that are carried out during pregnancy. Every day, approximately 830 women die from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. Worldwide, the annual number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births fell by 44% between 1990 and 2015, from approximately 385 to 216. The sub-Saharan African region accounted for an estimated 66% (201,000) of global maternal deaths, followed by southern Asia at 22% (66,000 deaths).Basically, only 5% of the world’s countries accounted for over half of maternal deaths.Methods: A cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted on 384 spouses attending antenatal OPD. Interview Schedule was conducted to assess their knowledge and attitude using a self-structured questionnaire. Knowledge score of spouses has been computed on the basis of correct response to 18 knowledge questions and by converting it to percentage score.Results: The mean knowledge score was 61.10% taken as the arithmetic average of all the scores. Mean attitude score was very high 94.29% with small SD 3.87. The attitude of spouse towards antenatal care is found to be extremely high. The educational status (p<0.000), age (p<0.002), type of family (p<0.018) and average income earned per month (p<0.000) were statistically significant to the level of knowledge.Conclusions: The study shows that the knowledge and attitude among spouses of pregnant women about antenatal care is good.
Prevalence of smartphone addiction: correlates of smartphone use and its association with social phobia in post-graduate medical students in Assam
Authors: Ghosh Prosenjit , Ghosh Anweshan , Khasnabis Madhurima 
Published: March 2021

Background: Smartphone use has become pervasive in everyday lives of university students. Excessive smartphone use leads to various physical problems, as well as psychological issues like reduced academic achievement, social interactions, and leading to relationship problems. Depression, loneliness and anxiety have emerged as important predictors of smartphone addiction. Social anxiety also known as social phobia is an intense anxiety or fear of being negatively judged or rejected in a socially demanding situation. This may lead to individuals avoiding face-to-face interaction and increasingly engaging in online interaction. Medical post-graduate students are more vulnerable to stress due to the demanding nature of their course as well as extensive smartphone users. Objectives of the study were to see the socio-demographic distribution of the post-graduate medical students, to assess the pattern of smart phone use and prevalence of smartphone addiction in the post-graduate medical students, to see the association of smartphone addiction with pattern of use and to see the association of smartphone addiction with social phobia among the study participantsMethods: This study was cross-sectional non-interventional study. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect information from 70 postgraduate medical students. The data was collected the smartphone addiction scale-short version and Liebowitz social anxiety scale. The data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 23.Results: Majority of the participants were female, in the age group 26-30 years, single, belonging to upper middle class of an urban locality, with no past history of psychiatric illness. Most common functionality was social networking. The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 28.6% with similar gender predisposition. 37.1% of the study participants were found to have social phobia.Conclusions: No association was found between smartphone addiction and social phobia. The smartphone addiction was found to have significant association with pattern of use and duration of use (p<0.05).
Does obesity affect the respiratory muscle strength? An observational study
Authors: Shripad Isha , Nagarwala Razia 
Published: March 2021

Background: Obesity is a condition where the energy intake exceeds energy expenditure of the body. Obesity is seen to affect different aspects of life both physically and emotionally. One such physical aspect is the breathing pattern. Studies on the behavior of respiratory muscle strength (RMS) in obese patients have found conflicting results.Methods: Using purposive sampling, 60 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited in the study. Each individual was subjected for the assessment of Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP), Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist circumference (WC). Results: A Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient showed a positive correlation between MIP and WC (r=0.378, n=60, p=0.003 with α at 0.01) and between MEP and WC (r=0.288, n=60, p=0.026 with α at 0.05). There was no correlation found between BMI and MIP (r=0.138, n=60, p=0.292) and BMI and MEP (r=0.150, n=60, p=0.252).Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that the respiratory muscle strength is more in individuals with higher waist circumference values whereas with BMI it is inconclusive.
Lab and Field Level Potential of Endophytic Bacteria in Managing the Dry Root Rot Disease in Black Gram Incited by Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taubenh) Butler
Authors: Kumar N. Kiran , Nagamani P. , Viswanath K. , Prasanthi L. 
Published: March 2021

Background: The plant growth promotion and efficacy against phytopathogens by the endophytic bacteria are being focused now due to their ecofriendly nature. Methods: Endophytic bacteria (24 nos) isolated from the roots, stems and leaves of black gram plants collected from different locations were tested for their potential to inhibit the growth of R. bataticola under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Result: The leaf endophyte BLE 4 exhibited maximum inhibition (79.6%) of R. bataticola followed by BSE 4 (77.4%), BSE 7 (77.0%) and BLE 1 (74.0%). Among these 4 isolates tested as seed treatment and soil application, there was significant increase in dry weight (7.1 g), plant height (37.7 cm), number of branches (13.2) and number of pods (26.2) in BLE 4 treated plots. Whereas, the incidence of dry root rot and yield were insignificant. In the screening study of isolates for their phosphate solubilization potential, protease activity, siderophore and HCN production, no single isolate possessed all the properties, but siderophore production, protease activity and phosphate solubilization were found in BSE 4, BRE 3, BRE 5 and BRE 10 isolates.
Applying Environmental Context to Rehabilitation Research Using Geographic Information Systems and Global Positioning Systems Geospatial Technologies
Authors: Chan Dara V. , Adam Mann , Sucharita Gopal 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health includes important considerations of environmental context in understanding disability, but the environmental impact is often difficult to measure.PurposeDemonstrates the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in rehabilitation research in assessing accessibility and participation; describes how to use these methods, and presents several considerations in using GIS and GPS in research.MethodUsing methods from public health and medical geography, this article describes how to apply GIS and GPS technologies to rehabilitation research to measure community participation and accessibility to resources.FindingsDirections for using ArcGIS functions and case examples joining these mapping technologies with rehabilitation measures are provided.ConclusionsTogether with traditional measures, these technologies may provide rehabilitation researchers a more comprehensive approach to assessing accessibility and participation.
Functional Outcomes of Patients with Schizophrenia After Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Ng Julia Poh Hwee , Ho Sean Wei Loong , Yam Michael Gui Jie , Tan Tong Leng 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Schizophrenia impairs a patient’s self-care abilities, which are crucial after a hip fracture. Studies on the outcomes of patients with schizophrenia after a hip fracture are dated. This study aims to investigate the complication rates, 1-year mortality, and functional outcomes of surgically managed hip fractures in elderly patients with schizophrenia.

Methods:
This is a retrospective, single-institution cohort study based on a prospectively maintained registry of patients with hip fracture. In this study, 3,056 patients who were ≥60 years of age were treated under a geriatric-orthopaedic hip fracture pathway from January 2014 to December 2018. Baseline demographic characteristics and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) scores were obtained at admission and at 6 months and 1 year after the fracture. Complications from the fracture and the surgical procedure were recorded during a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. A matching process (based on age, sex, and the MBI at admission) of up to 6 patients without schizophrenia per 1 patient with schizophrenia was utilized to increase power. Differences in perioperative, 6-month, and 1-year outcomes were compared for significance among surgically managed patients with schizophrenia and patients without schizophrenia.

Results:
Thirty-eight patients with schizophrenia were compared with 170 geriatric patients without schizophrenia who underwent a surgical procedure for a hip fracture. Patients with schizophrenia were more likely to be institutionalized postoperatively (26.3% compared with 4.7%; p < 0.001). Patients with schizophrenia had poorer MBI scores at 12 months (76 compared with 90 points; p = 0.006). The 1-year mortality rate was comparable (p = 0.29) between patients with schizophrenia (5.7%) and those without schizophrenia (2.4%). Similar trends in MBI were observed in the conservatively managed group of patients.

Conclusions:
There was no increase in postoperative complications after a surgical procedure for a hip fracture in elderly patients with schizophrenia. The 1-year mortality after a surgical procedure for hip fracture is similar in both patients with schizophrenia and those without schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia and hip fracture who were surgically managed had poorer 1-year functional outcomes compared with patients without schizophrenia matched for age, sex, and MBI at admission. This information will be useful in shared decision-making discussions with patients and families.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Inorganic silicification of ancient carbonate rocks
Authors: Banerjee Amlan , Patranabis-Deb Sarbani , Saha Dilip , Santosh M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Mechanisms of inorganic silicification of early Precambrian (older than 750 Ma) carbonate rocks remain equivocal. A quantitative model is presented here that captures the essence of ancient inorganic silicification of the carbonate rocks and is based on the hypotheses that carbonate silicification, a volume-conservative replacive process, is driven by crystallization stress induced by the growth of the guest mineral. Results of the quantitative model for silicification of calcitic limestone and dolostone are compared and validated against available independent observations and are found to be geologically reasonable. The quantitative model suggests that silicification of carbonate rocks is dependent on the host-rock composition and that calcitic limestones will be readily silicified compared to dolostone and/or aragonitic limestone. Results also show that silicification rate of carbonate rocks—irrespective of their composition—increases with increase in silica supersaturation and reactive surface area. Porosity and permeability of the host rock also increases the silicification rate of the carbonate rocks. Results also predict that substantial volume of silica-saturated fluids is required for inorganic silicification of a one-meter cube of carbonate rock. The quantitative model presented here has its limitations and should not be viewed as a unique and truly realistic representation of the carbonate silicification mechanism. The quantitative model presented here is unable to explain the formation of porosity and subsequent volume reduction of the parent material during the replacement process as observed in replacement experiments. Also, the effect of pH on silicification of carbonate rocks cannot be quantitatively estimated in this study. The quantitative model presented here should be viewed as one of the possible mechanisms of carbonate silicification that has to be tested further with experimental data and by model refinement.
Absence of evidence of climate-driven cycles in Carboniferous deposits of Joggins, Nova Scotia, Canada: influence of salt withdrawal tectonics on deposition and pedogenesis
Authors: Letourmy Yohan , Driese Steven G. , Sims Justin R. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
During the Late Paleozoic Ice Age, the fault-bounded equatorial Cumberland Basin of Nova Scotia experienced rapid subsidence, accumulating kilometer-thick fluvial sedimentary units derived from two highlands to the northwest and southeast. Major variations are recorded in the paleosols exposed at the Joggins Fossil Cliffs, ranging from oxidized and well-drained paleosols with recognizable vertic features to highly reduced organic-rich paleosols. These different soil lithologies suggest alternating conditions between well-drained floodplain environments and water saturation associated with overall poor soil development. Although halokinetic subsidence of the Cumberland Basin is known to have been operative during deposition of these units, previous research favored glacio-eustatic processes as the primary forcing mechanism of sedimentation. A total of 474 fluvial aggradational cycles were identified within a kilometer-thick interval and show a fluctuating accommodation history with a very abrupt nature. The series of fluvial aggradational cycles was used to develop threshold autoregressive models based on 1) their thickness, 2) their paleosol thickness, 3) their sandstone content, and 4) their paleosol-to-sandstone ratio. For each model, results suggest no evidence of statistically significant cyclicity, contradicting the hypothesis that fluvial sedimentation was mainly driven by glacio-eustatic cyclothems. Additionally, a total of 7 lithologies were recognized through 1,655 beds. Evaluation of 8 spherical semivariograms suggests no evidence for cyclicity in the frequency, order, or distribution of the data based on lithologies, although some covariance was found at distances between 550 and 750 m suggesting similar processes controlling sedimentation in the lower and upper Joggins Formation. The Cumberland Basin is known to have been rapidly subsiding, mainly because of ductile deformation of salt deposits in the deeper basinal units. Our results suggest that Joggins records tectonically induced ponding of a part of the sedimentary basin, allowing more extensive preservation of abundant coal and organic-rich units, as well as still-standing fossil forests exposed along the cliffs. These new results suggest that tectonic subsidence of the Cumberland Basin during the Late Paleozoic Ice Age was a more important driver of fluvial sedimentation than previously thought. This novel application of the TAR methodology provides a mathematical description of the sediment accumulation history of terrestrial basins when applied to conformable sedimentary successions, along with the means of linking paleosol development to climatic processes.
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial properties of two derivatives of pyrrolidine-2,5-dione fused at positions-3,4 to a dibenzobarrelene backbone
Authors: Fondjo Emmanuel Sopbué , Njoya Abdou Salamou , Tamokou Jean-de-Dieu , Doungmo Giscard , Djakou Bruno Lenta , Simon Peter F. W. , Tsopmo Appolinaire , Kuiate Jules-Roger 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background : The present study describes for the first time, the synthesis of two pyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives that belong to N-arylsuccinimid (compound 5) and of azo (compound 8) class of molecules. The initial step of the reaction involved the preparation of the intermediate compound (9R, 10R, 11S)-9, 10-dihydro-9, 10-[3, 4] furanoanthracene-12, 14-dione (3) through [4 + 2]-cycloaddition between anthracene and maleic anhydride in xylene which was then condensed with para-hydroxyaniline to give compound 5. Subsequent coupling of 5 with the aryldiazonium ion of aniline gave compound 8.Results: These compounds were characterized by their physical, elemental, and spectroscopic data. 2D-NMR (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) techniques were used to complete the elucidation of their structures. Compounds 5 (MIC = 32–128µg/mL) and 8 (MIC = 16–256µg/mL) along with the precursor 3 (MIC = 64–128µg/mL) displayed moderate antimicrobial activities against selected bacterial and fungal species when compared with those of nystatin (MIC = 0.50–2µg/mL) and ciprofloxacin (MIC = 0.50–16µg/mL) used as reference drugs.Conclusion: The results of biological tests showed that compounds 3, 5, 8 possess antimicrobial activities. Although being less active than the compound taken as a reference, the azo compound has better antibacterial activity than the other two compounds especially on Staphylococcus aureus, V. choleraeSG24 and, V. choleraeCO6 strains. These results show that the azo function (N = N) is indeed a pharmacophore and would be responsible for the biological activity in the azo molecules.
Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic relationship of Corvus splendens (Common House Crow) by Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene
Authors: Mansha Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Arbab , Hussain Tanveer 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The traditional taxonomic approach for identification of species and their phylogenetic relationship is handicapped due to its limitations. The present study is carried out to evaluate the genetic identification and phylogenetic status of Corvus splendens (Common house crow) using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1). We amplified 690bp region of COX I from crow specimens collected from seven cities of Punjab. The PCR product was got sequenced and submitted to NCBI. Multiple sequence alignment was done among 10 Pakistani specimens and 18 species of common crow belonging to different families obtained from GenBank database using Gyps indicus as an outgroup. Phylogenetic tree was constructed among various Crow species by Neighbor Joining method (NJ) in MEGA X. It shows that KAS2 & NAR2 were very similar and shared evolutionary relationship with Common house crow from India. While KAS3 and LHR5 showed very close resemblance and shared common ancestry with the NAR3. The relative time tree shows the SKT2 evolved earlier than BHR1, PKT2, BHR2 & GUJ3 while the later were evolved at the same time. Further, the entire crow species irrespective of regions evolved almost at the same time with very little time difference. The genetic distance among the Common house crow from different localities showed very low degree of sequence divergence despite long physical distances among them. Overall, our analysed Corvus splendens were closely related to each other and evolved at same time. Moreover, these crows were closely related to other crow species dispersed all over the world.
CTRP4 binds to the interleukin-6 Receptor and ameliorates autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppressing Th17 cell differentiation
Authors: Cao Lulu , Chen Wei , Na Daxiang , Huang He , Li Qi , Zhu Xiaoxin , Wang Lu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
CTRP4, a secreted protein, plays an important role in protecting against sepsis and energy metabolism; however, its physiological functions in autoimmune disease remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that Th17 cell-associated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was greatly exacerbated in Ctrp4−/− mice because of increased Th17 cell infiltration. In vitro, Ctrp4 deficiency enhanced the ability of naïve CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Th17 cells. Mechanistically, CTRP4 interfered with the binding of IL-6 to its receptor IL-6R by directly binding to IL-6R and suppressed the activation of STAT3-related pathways in response to IL-6. Furthermore, treatment of induced EAE mice with recombinant CTRP4 protein ameliorated the symptom. In conclusion, our results indicate that CTRP4, as an endogenous regulator of the IL-6 receptor signaling pathway, may be a potential therapeutic intervention for multiple sclerosis.
Metaheuristic Quantum Glowworm Swarm Optimization based Clustering With Secure Routing Protocol for Mobile Adhoc Networks
Authors: Maganti Srinivas , Patnaik M.Ramesh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mobile adhoc network (MANETs) comprises a collection of independent, compact sized, and inexpensive sensor nodes, which are commonly used to sense the physical parameters in the geographical location and transmit it to the base station (BS). Since clustering and routing are considered as the commonly used energy efficient techniques, several metaheuristic algorithms have been employed to determine optimal cluster heads (CHs) and routes to destination. But most of the metaheuristic techniques have failed to achieve effective clustering and routing solutions in large search space and the chance of generating optimal solutions is also considerably reduced. To resolve these issues, this paper presents a new Metaheuristic Quantum Glowworm Swarm Optimization based Clustering with Secure Routing Protocol for MANET, named QGSOC-SRP. The presented QGSOC-SRP technique follows two stage processes, namely optimal CH selection and route selection. Firstly, the QGSO algorithm derives a fitness function using four variables such as energy, distance, node degree, and trust factor for optimal election of secure CHs. Secondly, the SRP using oppositional gravitational search algorithm (OGSA) is applied for the optimal selection of routes to BS. The traditional GSA is inspired by the law of gravity and interaction among masses. To improve the effectiveness of the GSA, OGSA is derived based on the oppositional based learning concept for population initialization and generation jumping. For validating the effective results of the presented OGSOC-SRP technique, a set of experiments were performed and the results are determined interms of distinct measures.
The Effect of Biometric Parameters&nbsp;on Spot Vision Screener Results
Authors: alıs meryem guler , alıs abdulkadir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
objective: Our aim in this study is to investigate the relationship between biometric parameters and spot vision screener [SVS]Materyal-Metods: 250 eyes of 125 children between the age of 6,77±1,59 included the study. The results of cyloplegic [CSVS] and noncycloplegic [NSVS] spot vision screener [Plusoptix p12,Germany] measurements and autorefractometer with cycloplegia [CA] were compared. The spherical equivalent [SE] differences of between CA and NSVS measurements with CA and CSVS measurements were compared with AL, ACD, CR, Mean K and AL / CR values. The relationship between them was examined.Results: According to the amblyopia risk factors [ARFs] based on the criteria from AAPOS 2013 guidelines , 33 eyes [13%] in the NSVS results and 34 eyes [13.6%] in the CSVS results were detected as amblyopic. According to CA results, NSVS had 67.3% sensitivity, 94.5% specificity, CSVS 69.4% sensitivity and 89.1% specificity in detecting amblyopia. When the SE differences of between CA and NSVS values were comparaed with biometric parameters a negative correlation was observed with ACD , AL and especially AL/CR ratio .Conclussion: Both NSVS and CSVS showed moderate sensitivity and high specificity in detecting AFRs based on the criteria from AAPOS 2013 guidelines. CSVS has no additional clinical advantage. Biometric parameters effect the NSVS results.