bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Chen Xiaoyong , Huang Jing , Wu Jun , Hao Jie , Fu Boqiang , Wang Ying , Zhou Bo , Na Tao , Wei Jun , Zhang Yong , Li Qiyuan , Hu Shijun , Zhou Jiaxi , Yu Junying , Wu Zhaohui , Zhu Huanxin , Cao Jiani , Wang Lei , Peng Yaojin , Liang Lingmin , Ma Aijin , Zhang Yu , Zhao Tongbiao , Xiang Andy Peng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted great interest for cell therapy and tissue regeneration due to their self‐renewal capacity, multipotency and potent immunomodulatory effects on immune cells. However, heterogeneity of MSCs has become a prominent obstacle to limit their translation into practice, as cells from different tissue sources or each individual have great differences in their transcriptomic signatures, differentiation potential and biological functions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for consensus standard for the quality control and technical specifications of MSCs. ‘Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells’ is the latest set of guidelines on hMSC in China, jointly drafted and agreed upon by experts from the Chinese Society for Stem Cell Research. This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, test regulations, instructions for use, labelling requirements, packaging requirements, storage requirements, transportation requirements and waste disposal requirements for hMSC, which is applicable to the quality control for hMSC. It was originally released by the China Society for Cell Biology on 9 January 2021. We hope that publication of these guidelines will facilitate institutional establishment, acceptance and execution of proper protocols, and accelerate the international standardization of hMSC for clinical development and therapeutic applications.
Providing social assistance and humanitarian relief: The case for embracing uncertainty
Authors: Caravani Matteo , Lind Jeremy , Sabates‐Wheeler Rachel , Scoones Ian 
Published: December 2021

SummaryMotivationSocial assistance, humanitarian relief, and disaster response increasingly overlap, especially where recurrent crises and persistent conflicts prevail. In such situations, distinctions between risk and uncertainty become especially important. It is critical for policy and practice to shift from focusing on risk assessment and management to embracing uncertainty.PurposeThe article assesses the appropriateness of two approaches to social assistance and humanitarian relief where crises recur and conflicts persist: risk assessment and management; and embracing uncertainty and ignorance.Methods and approachThe article reviews different approaches to social assistance, humanitarian relief, and disaster response, and asks how they are framed. It draws on experiences from programmes offering social assistance, humanitarian relief, and disaster response, highlighting the professional, bureaucratic, and institutional features that influence programme design and functioning. These are compared with “high‐reliability” approaches deployed in other critical infrastructure—such as water and energy supply.FindingsMainstream approaches focus on risk assessment and management, assuming predictability and stability. This is problematic, especially in settings of crisis and conflict where there may be no functioning delivery system for social assistance and relief. The article highlights alternatives to the mainstream risk‐focused approaches, which emphasize learning, collaboration, adaptation, and flexibility. Such approaches must build on embedded practices of moral economy, collective action, and mutual care and be supported through professional and institutional capacities that generate reliability.Policy implicationsThe article suggests a new agenda for the intersection of social assistance, humanitarian relief, and disaster response, which makes uncertainty the focus for rethinking responses at scale, especially in settings affected by crisis and conflict.
Level of knowledge about metalloproteinases in dental students close to graduate from three universities in Peruvian capital city
Authors: Cayo‐Rojas César F. , Soto‐Castro Lilliam , Castro‐Mena Manuel , Medrano‐Colmenares Sara , López‐Gurreonero Carlos , Córdova‐Limaylla Nancy , Briceño‐Vergel Gissela , Ladera‐Castañeda Marysela , Cervantes‐Ganoza Luis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMetalloproteinases are proteolytic enzymes that degrade dentin and periodontal collagen; therefore, it is of special interest that dental students know its mechanism of action and how its effects can be inhibited. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the level of knowledge about metalloproteinases in dental students close to graduate from three universities in Peruvian capital city.Materials and methodsIn this analytical, observational, cross‐sectional and prospective study, 223 dental students close to graduate in three Peruvian universities were evaluated from September to November 2020. A questionnaire of 20 closed questions with three answers was validated and used to measure the level of general and dental knowledge about metalloproteinases. A logit model was used to evaluate the influence of the following variables: “gender” (X1), “type of university” (X2), “marital status” (X3) and “age group” (X4), in the knowledge levels of the students, considering a p‐value <.05.ResultsOf the 223 dentistry students, it was obtained that the level of knowledge about metalloproteinases was predominantly low with 82.1%, (95% confidence interval (CI): 77.1%–87.1%) of the total. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, "type of university" was the only variable that proved to have a significant influence (p = .022) on the level of knowledge about metalloproteinases with an odds ratio of (OR = 0.44; CI: 0.21–0.89), whilst the other variables "age group" (p > .05), "gender" (p = .058) and "marital status" (p = .114) were not considered influential factors.ConclusionThe majority of final year dental students in three Peruvian universities presented a low level of overall knowledge about metalloproteinases. In addition, private university students were 56% less likely to pass the subject knowledge test. On contrary, gender, age group and marital status did not significantly influence the level of knowledge of the students.
Effect of saliva contamination on the bond strength of single‐step and three‐step adhesive systems
Authors: Bolme June , Gjerdet Nils R. , Lægreid Torgils 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of saliva contamination on bond strength to dentin with an etch‐and‐rinse and a self‐etch adhesive system. For each of these adhesive systems, the dentin surface of 24 human molars were allocated to one of four groups representing different saliva contamination scenarios. Saliva was applied at different stages in the bonding process, and was investigated to be remedied by water rinsing and/or air drying. Uncontaminated tooth surfaces were used as controls. Bonding procedures were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions, and a polymer‐based composite was placed. The bond strength was measured by a micro‐tensile test. Except for the etch‐and‐rinse approach having contamination with saliva after etching, followed by air drying, all salivary contamination regimens resulted in a substantial number of specimens not surviving the test, and the bond strength value of these was therefore set to 0 MPa for the purposes of the statistical analysis. Water rinsing after etching and salivary contamination did significantly reduce the bond strength. Contamination after priming showed the lowest bond strength. For the self‐etch approach, saliva contamination before the adhesive procedure, followed by air drying, significantly reduced the bond strength, while contamination followed by water rinsing or air drying did not statistically significantly reduce the strength.
Hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects of resveratrol: A focus on anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative activities
Authors: Chupradit Supat , Bokov Dmitry , Zamanian Mohammad Yassin , Heidari Mahsa , Hakimizadeh Elham 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBeing the most essential organ in the body, the liver performs critical functions. Hepatic disorders, such as alcoholic liver disease, hepatic steatosis, liver fibrosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic failure, have an impact on the biochemical and physiological functions of the body. The main representative of the flavonoid subgroup of flavones, resveratrol (RES), exhibits suitable pharmacological activities for treating various liver diseases, such as fatty hepatitis, liver steatosis, liver cancer, and liver fibrosis. According to various studies, grapes and red wine are good sources of RES. RES has various health properties; it is anti‐inflammatory, anti‐apoptotic, antioxidative, and hepatoprotective against several hepatic diseases and hepatoxicity. Therefore, we performed a thorough research and created a summary of the distinct targets of RES in various stages of liver diseases. We concluded that RES inhibited liver inflammation essentially by causing a significant decrease in the expression of various pro‐inflammatory cytokines like TNF‐α, IL‐1α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6. It also inhibits the transcription factor nuclear NF‐κB that brings about the inflammatory cascade. RES also inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to induce apoptosis. Additionally, it reduces oxidative stress in hepatic tissue by markedly reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) contents and significantly increasing the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced hepatic glutathione (GSH), in addition to aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), against toxic chemicals like CC14, As2O3, and TTA. Due to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐fibrotic properties, RES reduces liver injury markers. RES is safe natural antioxidant that provides pharmacological rectification of the hepatoxicity of toxic chemicals.
Significant winter CO2 uptake by saline lakes on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Li Xiao‐Yan , Shi Fang‐Zhong , Ma Yu‐Jun , Zhao Shao‐Jie , Wei Jun‐Qi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDirect measuring of CO2 flux remains challenging for global lakes. The traditional sampling and gas transfer models used to estimate lake CO2 fluxes are variable and uncertain, and ice‐covered periods are often excluded from the annual carbon budget. Here, the first longtime (2013−2017) direct measurement of CO2 flux by eddy covariance system over the largest saline lake (Qinghai lake) in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) revealed that ice‐covered period draws large amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere (−0.87 ± 0.38 g C m−2 d−1), a value more than twice the CO2 flux rate during the ice‐free period (−0.41 ± 0.35 g C m−2 d−1). The total CO2 uptake by all saline lakes on the QTP was estimated to −10.28 ± 1.65 Tg C yr−1, an equivalent to approximately one third of the net terrestrial ecosystems carbon sink in QTP. Our results indicate large sink for CO2 in winter is controlled by both seasonal hydrochemistry processes and lake ice absorption in saline lakes. This research also demonstrates decreasing CO2 uptake from the atmosphere by saline lakes on the QTP, which may turn carbon sinks to carbon sources with future warming.
Fiber reinforced SiC ceramic helical spring for high elasticity and large deformation at high temperature
Authors: Mei Hui , Yang Yubo , Zhao Yu , Chang Peng , Mao Minxin , Huang Weifeng , Liu Ying , Cheng Laifei , Zhang Litong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCeramic spring devices play a significant role in mechanical systems, developing advanced ceramic helical spring with combination of high toughness and good elasticity still remains challenging. Herein, C/SiC composite helical springs with good elastic response to temperatures were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration method. The C/SiC springs with rectangular and circular coil structures show high densities of 2.04 ± 0.162 and 1.96 ± 0.132 g/cm3, respectively. In contrast, C/SiC spring with circular coil structure can achieve high toughness of 0.92 ± 0.004 N/mm and low energy loss of 9.13 × 10−3 J at room temperature, while also exhibit an ideal spring constant of 0.35 N/mm and low energy loss of 7.82 × 10−2 J at 1000°C, which are highly comparable with those reported traditional ceramic springs. Furthermore, through finite element simulations, the stress distribution shows that both springs generate residual stresses at different temperatures after several cycles. The more uniform stress distribution and small irreversible deformation can be responsible for the superior elasticity of C/SiC spring with circular coil structure. The proposed strategy holds promising potential for developing C/SiC composite helical spring for future elastic devices used in complex and extreme service environments.
Preparation and characterization of aluminum borate whiskers reinforced ceramics with MnO2 addition
Authors: Feng Ming , Ji Guorong , Wu Yaqiao , Li Guomin , Wang Kaiyue , Tian Yuming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCeramics with aluminum borate whiskers (ABWs) were prepared from H3BO3 and Al2O3 reagent, with and without 6 wt% MnO2 used as an addition. The microstructures, phase composition, and crystal structure of the ceramics were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction, respectively. The results show that MnO2 is an effective addition for enhancing the flexural strength of ceramics. The MnO2 could lead to the distortion of lattice, and improve the mechanical strength via a solid solution strengthening mechanism. Moreover, the content of H3BO3 and the sintering temperature were also key factors in the manufacture of optimal ceramics. The ceramic made from 6 wt% MnO2 addition, 25 wt% H3BO3, and sintered at 1200°C, showed the highest flexural strength of 88.5 (±1.9) MPa, and had a bulk density of 1.64 g/cm3 and porosity of 44.2%.
Factors that affect native English speakers’ comfort levels when communicating with non‐native English speakers
Authors: Nymeyer Kayla , Dewey Dan P , Eggington William , Baker‐Smemoe Wendy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study explores native English speakers’ (NESs) self‐reported comfort levels when speaking with non‐native English speakers (NNESs) from different first language (L1) backgrounds and in six different communication situations. NESs (n = 122) listened to Spanish L1 and Chinese L1 NNESs with low, mid or high levels of English proficiency and rated their comfort level interacting with them. Results indicated that higher proficiency speakers were rated significantly higher (more comfortable as interlocutors) than Mid which were in turn rated higher than Low proficiency speakers. Spanish L1 speakers were rated higher than Chinese L1 speakers except at low proficiency levels. Ratings for more casual communication situations were higher than more formal situations. Results suggest that communicative expectations may be different for Spanish and Chinese speakers.
When health care workers became patients with COVID‐19: A qualitative study
Authors: Du Li , Liu Qian , Chen Qin , Wang Xiao Qin , Fang Shu , Chen Pan , Chen Jie , Zhang Zhi‐Jiang , Liu Zhongchun , Yang Bing Xiang , Guo Qiaohong , Luo Dan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to describe the experiences of nurses and other health care workers who were infected with coronavirus disease 2019.MethodsAn empirical phenomenological approach was used. Sixteen participants were recruited in Wuhan using purposive and snowball sampling. Semistructured, in‐depth interviews were conducted by telephone in February 2020. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed following Colaizzi's method.ResultsTwo themes emerged: (1) Intense emotional distress since becoming infected. Participants were fearful of spreading the virus to family and overwhelmed by a lack of information, experienced uncertainty and worried about treatment, felt lonely during isolation and reported moral distress about inadequate health care staffing. (2) Coping strategies were needed. They tried their best to address negative psychological reactions using their professional knowledge and gaining support from others and community resources.ConclusionsPreparedness for catastrophic events and providing timely and accurate information are major considerations in government policy development, related to pandemics and adequacy of health care personnel. Mental health resources and support, both short‐ and long‐term should be anticipated for health care providers to alleviate their fear and anxiety.
Changes in obesity and lifestyle behaviours during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Chinese adolescents: A longitudinal analysis from 2019 to 2020
Authors: Yang Dongling , Luo Chunyan , Feng Xiaogang , Qi Wenjuan , Qu Shuangxiao , Zhou Yuefang , Sun Lijing , Wu Huanyu 
Published: December 2021

SummaryBackgroundSince December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become a global pandemic. Currently, the COVID‐19 pandemic is still ongoing. What changes have taken place in the obesity and obesity‐related lifestyle behaviours of adolescents during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic?ObjectiveThis study aims at analysing the changes in obesity and lifestyle behaviours of Chinese adolescents before and 1 year after the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic, providing evidence for the global strategies to respond to the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on adolescent obesity.MethodsPhysical examinations and student health and influencing factors questionnaires were conducted among 6047 adolescents aged 11–16 years by health professionals in Shanghai, China, before the COVID‐19 pandemic (September–November of 2019) and 1 year after the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic (September–November of 2020). Paired tests, paired t‐tests or Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to evaluate the changes in the obesity prevalence, BMI and lifestyle behaviours from 2019 to 2020.Results1 year after the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the obesity prevalence of Chinese adolescents rose from 14.2% to 15.4% (p < 0.01), mainly because of the increase in boys. And the average BMI increased from 20.3 to 21.2 kg/m2 (p < 0.01). Their lifestyle behaviours have also significantly changed. The mobile screen time increased from 0.25–1.50 h/day to 0.33–2.00 h/day (p < 0.01). The proportion of adolescents who participated in MVPA for ≥60 min/day on all 7 days during the past week dropped from 14.4% to 11.7% (p < 0.01). The generalized estimation equation analysis indicated that adolescents who participated in MVPA for ≥60 min/day on all 7 days had a lower likelihood of having obesity. Boys with computer time ≥2 h/day and girls with mobile screen time ≥2 h/day or TV time ≥2 h/day had a higher likelihood of having obesity.ConclusionThis study found that 1 year after the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the BMI and obesity prevalence of Chinese adolescents increased and obesity‐related lifestyle behaviours have also changed.
Consensus guidelines for antifungal stewardship, surveillance and infection prevention, 2021
Authors: Khanina Anna , Tio Shio Yen , Ananda‐Rajah Michelle R. , Kidd Sarah E. , Williams Eloise , Chee Lynette , Urbancic Karen , Thursky Karin A. ,   Australasian Antifungal Guidelines Steering Committee
Published: December 2021

AbstractInvasive fungal diseases (IFD) are serious infections associated with high mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients. The prescribing of antifungal agents to prevent and treat IFD is associated with substantial economic burden on the health system, high rates of adverse drug reactions, significant drug–drug interactions and the emergence of antifungal resistance. As the population at risk of IFD continues to grow due to the increased burden of cancer and related factors, the need for hospitals to employ antifungal stewardship (AFS) programmes and measures to monitor and prevent infection has become increasingly important. These guidelines outline the essential components, key interventions and metrics, which can help guide implementation of an AFS programme in order to optimise antifungal prescribing and IFD management. Specific recommendations are provided for quality processes for the prevention of IFD in the setting of outbreaks, during hospital building works, and in the context of Candida auris infection. Recommendations are detailed for the implementation of IFD surveillance to enhance detection of outbreaks, evaluate infection prevention and prophylaxis interventions and to allow benchmarking between hospitals. Areas in which information is still lacking and further research is required are also highlighted.
Consensus guidelines for optimising antifungal drug delivery and monitoring to avoid toxicity and improve outcomes in patients with haematological malignancy and haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2021
Authors: Chau Maggie M. , Daveson Kathryn , Alffenaar Jan‐Willem C. , Gwee Amanda , Ho Su Ann , Marriott Deborah J. E. , Trubiano Jason A. , Zhao Jessie , Roberts Jason A. ,   Australasian Antifungal Guidelines Steering Committee
Published: December 2021

AbstractAntifungal agents can have complex dosing and the potential for drug interaction, both of which can lead to subtherapeutic antifungal drug concentrations and poorer clinical outcomes for patients with haematological malignancy and haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Antifungal agents can also be associated with significant toxicities when drug concentrations are too high. Suboptimal dosing can be minimised by clinical assessment, laboratory monitoring, avoidance of interacting drugs, and dose modification. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) plays an increasingly important role in antifungal therapy, particularly for antifungal agents that have an established exposure‐response relationship with either a narrow therapeutic window, large dose‐exposure variability, cytochrome P450 gene polymorphism affecting drug metabolism, the presence of antifungal drug interactions or unexpected toxicity, and/or concerns for non‐compliance or inadequate absorption of oral antifungals. These guidelines provide recommendations on antifungal drug monitoring and TDM‐guided dosing adjustment for selected antifungal agents, and include suggested resources for identifying and analysing antifungal drug interactions. Recommended competencies for optimal interpretation of antifungal TDM and dose recommendations are also provided.
Estimating Monotonic Hazard Ratio Functions of Time
Authors: Kuk Anthony Y.C. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryIn non‐proportional hazards models, the hazard ratio for a unit increase in covariate value is not constant but varies over time. Existing approaches to estimating time‐varying log hazard ratio include various spline approximations and maximum penalised partial likelihood. We consider improvements to these methods under the plausible assumption that the hazard ratio changes from its short‐term to long‐term value in a monotonic fashion. A monotone B‐spline estimate based on equidistant knots with the last few coefficients constrained to be equal works reasonably well. We also propose a constrained maximum penalised partial likelihood approach with the constraints removed through re‐parameterisation. A novel feature of the proposed method is that it is based on a log product of spacings penalty rather than the usual roughness penalty, which makes selection of smoothing parameter easier. The utility of the proposed methods is demonstrated using a real data example and simulations.