bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecosystem Response Through a Resilience Lens: Do Differences in the Illinois River Over 150 Y Indicate Regime Shifts?
Authors: DeBoer Jason A. , Thoms Martin C. , Delong Michael D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMost of the world's large river ecosystems are subject to multiple anthropogenic stressors including climate change, disconnection between the main river channel and floodplain, flow regulation, and land‐use modification. Viewed through a resilience lens, these ecosystems are potentially in a new regime, exhibiting a different structure, function, and set of feedbacks. We investigated the trophic status and food web character response to anthropogenic stressors over 150 years in the Illinois River. Differences in stable isotope ratios, community niche space, basal resource contribution to higher levels in the food web, mean trophic position of fish functional feeding guilds, and food chain length among four stressor phases suggest changes in ecosystem function in the Illinois River. Moreover, the river did not return to pre‐stressor conditions following watershed‐wide restoration efforts. Differences in trophic status and food web character also varied between the upper‐ and lower‐river zones of the Illinois River over time. This spatial divergence further highlights the complexity of responses to multiple stressors in this ecosystem. Overall, differences in trophic status and food web character suggest a shift to a new regime–an Anthropocene regime–and one that has a reduced capacity to absorb additional disturbances. Given human pressures are a global issue, our results based on a 150 years data set, could assist in the management of riverine landscapes that face regime shifts due to human stressors.
SARS-CoV-2-triggered mast cell rapid degranulation induces alveolar epithelial inflammation and lung injury
Authors: Wu Meng-Li , Liu Feng-Liang , Sun Jing , Li Xin , He Xiao-Yan , Zheng Hong-Yi , Zhou Yan-Heng , Yan Qihong , Chen Ling , Yu Guo-Ying , Chang Junbiao , Jin Xia , Zhao Jincun , Chen Xin-Wen , Zheng Yong-Tang , Wang Jian-Hua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infection-induced hyper-inflammation links to the acute lung injury and COVID-19 severity. Identifying the primary mediators that initiate the uncontrolled hypercytokinemia is essential for treatments. Mast cells (MCs) are strategically located at the mucosa and beneficially or detrimentally regulate immune inflammations. In this study, we showed that SARS-CoV-2-triggered MC degranulation initiated alveolar epithelial inflammation and lung injury. SARS-CoV-2 challenge induced MC degranulation in ACE-2 humanized mice and rhesus macaques, and a rapid MC degranulation could be recapitulated with Spike-RBD binding to ACE2 in cells; MC degranulation altered various signaling pathways in alveolar epithelial cells, particularly, the induction of pro-inflammatory factors and consequential disruption of tight junctions. Importantly, the administration of clinical MC stabilizers for blocking degranulation dampened SARS-CoV-2-induced production of pro-inflammatory factors and prevented lung injury. These findings uncover a novel mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 initiating lung inflammation, and suggest an off-label use of MC stabilizer as immunomodulators for COVID-19 treatments.
Diel investments in metabolite production and consumption in a model microbial system
Authors: Uchimiya Mario , Schroer William , Olofsson Malin , Edison Arthur S , Moran Mary Ann 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Organic carbon transfer between surface ocean photosynthetic and heterotrophic microbes is a central but poorly understood process in the global carbon cycle. In a model community in which diatom extracellular release of organic molecules sustained growth of a co-cultured bacterium, we determined quantitative changes in the diatom endometabolome and the bacterial uptake transcriptome over two diel cycles. Of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) peaks in the diatom endometabolites, 38% had diel patterns with noon or mid-afternoon maxima; the remaining either increased (36%) or decreased (26%) through time. Of the genes in the bacterial uptake transcriptome, 94% had a diel pattern with a noon maximum; the remaining decreased over time (6%). Eight diatom endometabolites identified with high confidence were matched to the bacterial genes mediating their utilization. Modeling of these coupled inventories with only diffusion-based phytoplankton extracellular release could not reproduce all the patterns. Addition of active release mechanisms for physiological balance and bacterial recognition significantly improved model performance. Estimates of phytoplankton extracellular release range from only a few percent to nearly half of annual net primary production. Improved understanding of the factors that influence metabolite release and consumption by surface ocean microbes will better constrain this globally significant carbon flux.
Dental Policy Lab 1 - towards a cavity-free future
Authors: Vernazza Christopher R. , Pitts Nigel B. , Mayne Catherine , Mazevet Marco E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough many dental professionals argue that prevention of oral diseases, including dental caries, will benefit both the patient and public finances, a paradigm shift has yet to happen in most countries. The literature has demonstrated that caries prevention and control is possible, but authorities have yet to implement health systems that allow patients to stay in a good health state. 'Policy Labs' are an innovative policy-making initiative that allow a positive collaboration between the many stakeholders around a given policy issue. In July 2017, 24 international experts, including representatives of both international and European Chief Dental Officers associations, were gathered for the first Alliance for a Cavity-Free Future/King's College London Dental Policy Lab to identify the main barriers for a change, and concrete actions to facilitate a policy shift towards increased resource allocation in prevention. A comprehensive report and well-received infographic summarising the key recommendations (explored in this paper) were produced to explain the situation and highlight the value of a cavity-free world to policymakers, demonstrating where change is needed. The first Dental Policy Lab proved to be an efficient way to generate new ideas and concrete ways to implement them, and has led to several subsequent initiatives worldwide.
Dental Policy Lab 2 - towards paying for health in dentistry
Authors: Mazevet Marco E. , Pitts Nigel B. , Mayne Catherine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe first Alliance for a Cavity-Free Future (ACFF)/King's College London Dental Policy Lab, held in 2017, identified the need for a review of dental payment systems in order to see progress towards achieving improvements in caries and cavities. The lack of incentivisation for preventive intervention and care has long been a barrier to progress. The second Dental Policy Lab, held in July 2018, focused on this issue with the overarching question: 'How can we create and implement acceptable prevention-based dental payment systems to achieve and maintain health outcomes?' Using a design approach and participatory research, 29 participants from five stakeholder categories developed a blueprint report that aims to serve as a framework to adapt or create remuneration systems that are compatible with evidence-based dentistry with a focus on preventive care. Aimed at policymakers and policy entrepreneurs, this blueprint provides guidance and potential solutions using several international examples. The report and accompanying infographic explored in this paper have been well received and have helped to frame discussions in several country settings, with a direct implementation which is being trialled in France in 2021.
New UK Chapter of the Alliance for a Cavity-Free Future
Authors: Pitts Nigel B. , Banerjee Avijit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Alliance for a Cavity-Free Future (ACFF), started in 2010, has been based at King's College London since 2013. It is a dental caries-focused charity promoting integrated clinical and public health action. ACFF Chapters seek to improve caries prevention and management locally, based on best global evidence. The UK Chapter has been created in response to a continuing need combined with opportunities including the implementation of the latest UK version of theDelivering better oral healthguidance on prevention (version 4). The Chapter has been formed through a coordinating committee with UKwide representation combining expertise in dental caries management across the patient life course. This committee co-created the Chapter Values Statement: 'in pursuit of a cavity-free future across the UK we value: collaboration and innovation; realistic and implementable prevention-based solutions; approaches that reduce health inequalities; action across both oral and general health settings; and working comprehensively from the population through to the individual level.' The agreed Chapter focus is on advocating for the implementation of appropriate, effective, pragmatic caries prevention and care across three themes: 1) in everyday dental practice; 2) in health and social care curricula; and 3) for vulnerable people across their life course on the basis of increased caries risk/susceptibility.
The ejection of large non-oscillating droplets from a hydrophobic wedge in microgravity
Authors: Torres Logan J. , Weislogel Mark M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhen confined within containers or conduits, drops and bubbles migrate to regions of minimum energy by the combined effects of surface tension, surface wetting, system geometry, and initial conditions. Such capillary phenomena are exploited for passive phase separation operations in micro-fluidic devices on earth and macro-fluidic devices aboard spacecraft. Our study focuses on the migration and ejection of large inertial-capillary drops confined between tilted planar hydrophobic substrates (a.k.a., wedges). In our experiments, the brief nearly weightless environment of a 2.1 s drop tower allows for the study of such capillary dominated behavior for up to 10 mL water drops with migration velocities up to 12 cm/s. We control ejection velocities as a function of drop volume, substrate tilt angle, initial confinement, and fluid properties. We then demonstrate how such geometries may be employed as passive no-moving-parts droplet generators for very large drop dynamics investigations. The method is ideal for hand-held non-oscillatory ‘droplet’ generation in low-gravity environments.
Late presentation of chronic HBV and HCV patients seeking first time specialist care in Spain: a 2-year registry review
Authors: Picchio Camila A. , Lens Sabela , Hernandez-Guerra Manuel , Arenas Juan , Andrade Raúl J. , Crespo Javier , García-Samaniego Javier , Romero-Gómez Manuel , Turnes Juan , Calleja José Luis , Simón Miguel Ángel , White Trenton M. , Riveiro-Barciela Mar , Pocurull Anna , Morales-Arraez Dalia , Gómez Alexandra , Buti Maria , Lazarus Jeffrey V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChronic viral hepatitis infection affects an estimated 325 million people globally. People who initiate treatment after significant disease progression face increased risk of severe liver complications and death. Data are scarce on the characteristics and risk factors of people who present late to care in Spain and globally. Data were collected from January 2018 to December 2019 to report late presentation (LP) to specialist care at 11 large university hospitals in Spain to assess related risk factors using a multivariable logistic regression model. 2290 (CHB = 505, CHC = 1785) patients were analysed, with 581 (25.2%) presenting late. Hepatitis C patients more frequently reported LP compared to hepatitis B patients (28.1% vs 15.0%; p < 0.001). Older age (p < 0.001), being male (p < 0.001), being Spanish-born (p < 0.001), and having an unknown origin of referral (p = 0.08) were associated with a higher likelihood of LP. Advanced liver disease was identified in 533 (23%) patients and late-stage liver disease in 124 (5.4%). LP, including with irreversible liver damage, to viral hepatitis specialist care is frequent in Spain, despite being a country with unrestricted treatment access. Initiatives to reduce LP should specifically target men, older individuals, foreign-born populations for CHB, and Spanish nationals for CHC.
MapReduce-based big data classification model using feature subset selection and hyperparameter tuned deep belief network
Authors: Rajendran Surendran , Khalaf Osamah Ibrahim , Alotaibi Youseef , Alghamdi Saleh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn recent times, big data classification has become a hot research topic in various domains, such as healthcare, e-commerce, finance, etc. The inclusion of the feature selection process helps to improve the big data classification process and can be done by the use of metaheuristic optimization algorithms. This study focuses on the design of a big data classification model using chaotic pigeon inspired optimization (CPIO)-based feature selection with an optimal deep belief network (DBN) model. The proposed model is executed in the Hadoop MapReduce environment to manage big data. Initially, the CPIO algorithm is applied to select a useful subset of features. In addition, the Harris hawks optimization (HHO)-based DBN model is derived as a classifier to allocate appropriate class labels. The design of the HHO algorithm to tune the hyperparameters of the DBN model assists in boosting the classification performance. To examine the superiority of the presented technique, a series of simulations were performed, and the results were inspected under various dimensions. The resultant values highlighted the supremacy of the presented technique over the recent techniques.
Detection of maternal and fetal stress from the electrocardiogram with self-supervised representation learning
Authors: Sarkar Pritam , Lobmaier Silvia , Fabre Bibiana , González Diego , Mueller Alexander , Frasch Martin G. , Antonelli Marta C. , Etemad Ali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the pregnant mother and her fetus, chronic prenatal stress results in entrainment of the fetal heartbeat by the maternal heartbeat, quantified by the fetal stress index (FSI). Deep learning (DL) is capable of pattern detection in complex medical data with high accuracy in noisy real-life environments, but little is known about DL’s utility in non-invasive biometric monitoring during pregnancy. A recently established self-supervised learning (SSL) approach to DL provides emotional recognition from electrocardiogram (ECG). We hypothesized that SSL will identify chronically stressed mother-fetus dyads from the raw maternal abdominal electrocardiograms (aECG), containing fetal and maternal ECG. Chronically stressed mothers and controls matched at enrolment at 32 weeks of gestation were studied. We validated the chronic stress exposure by psychological inventory, maternal hair cortisol and FSI. We tested two variants of SSL architecture, one trained on the generic ECG features for emotional recognition obtained from public datasets and another transfer-learned on a subset of our data. Our DL models accurately detect the chronic stress exposure group (AUROC = 0.982 ± 0.002), the individual psychological stress score (R2 = 0.943 ± 0.009) and FSI at 34 weeks of gestation (R2 = 0.946 ± 0.013), as well as the maternal hair cortisol at birth reflecting chronic stress exposure (0.931 ± 0.006). The best performance was achieved with the DL model trained on the public dataset and using maternal ECG alone. The present DL approach provides a novel source of physiological insights into complex multi-modal relationships between different regulatory systems exposed to chronic stress. The final DL model can be deployed in low-cost regular ECG biosensors as a simple, ubiquitous early stress detection and monitoring tool during pregnancy. This discovery should enable early behavioral interventions.
Characterization and tissue localization of zebrafish homologs of the human ABCB1 multidrug transporter
Authors: Robey Robert W. , Robinson Andrea N. , Ali-Rahmani Fatima , Huff Lyn M. , Lusvarghi Sabrina , Vahedi Shahrooz , Hotz Jordan M. , Warner Andrew C. , Butcher Donna , Matta Jennifer , Edmondson Elijah F. , Lee Tobie D. , Roth Jacob S. , Lee Olivia W. , Shen Min , Tanner Kandice , Hall Matthew D. , Ambudkar Suresh V. , Gottesman Michael M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCapillary endothelial cells of the human blood–brain barrier (BBB) express high levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp, encoded by ABCB1) and ABCG2 (encoded by ABCG2). However, little information is available regarding ATP-binding cassette transporters expressed at the zebrafish BBB, which has emerged as a potential model system. We report the characterization and tissue localization of two genes that are similar to ABCB1, zebrafish abcb4 and abcb5. When stably expressed in HEK293 cells, both Abcb4 and Abcb5 conferred resistance to P-gp substrates; however, Abcb5 poorly transported doxorubicin and mitoxantrone compared to zebrafish Abcb4. Additionally, Abcb5 did not transport the fluorescent P-gp probes BODIPY-ethylenediamine or LDS 751, while they were transported by Abcb4. High-throughput screening of 90 human P-gp substrates confirmed that Abcb4 has an overlapping substrate specificity profile with P-gp. In the brain vasculature, RNAscope probes for abcb4 colocalized with staining by the P-gp antibody C219, while abcb5 was not detected. The abcb4 probe also colocalized with claudin-5 in brain endothelial cells. Abcb4 and Abcb5 had different tissue localizations in multiple zebrafish tissues, potentially indicating different functions. The data suggest that zebrafish Abcb4 functionally phenocopies P-gp and that the zebrafish may serve as a model to study the role of P-gp at the BBB.
Optimal ferrofluids for magnetic cooling devices
Authors: Pattanaik M. S. , Varma V. B. , Cheekati S. K. , Chaudhary V. , Ramanujan R. V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSuperior passive cooling technologies are urgently required to tackle device overheating, consequent performance degradation, and service life reduction. Magnetic cooling, governed by the thermomagnetic convection of a ferrofluid, is a promising emerging passive heat transfer technology to meet these challenges. Hence, we studied the performance metrics, non-dimensional parameters, and thermomagnetic cooling performance of various ferrite and metal-based ferrofluids. The magnetic pressure, friction factor, power transfer, and exergy loss were determined to predict the performance of such cooling devices. We also investigated the significance of the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles used in the ferrofluid on cooling performance. γ-Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and CoFe2O4nanoparticles exhibited superior cooling performance among ferrite-based ferrofluids. FeCo nanoparticles had the best cooling performance for the case of metallic ferrofluids. The saturation magnetization of the magnetic nanoparticles is found to be a significant parameter to enhance heat transfer and heat load cooling. These results can be used to select the optimum magnetic nanoparticle-based ferrofluid for a specific magnetic cooling device application.
High-performance silver nanowires transparent conductive electrodes fabricated using manufacturing-ready high-speed photonic sinterization solutions
Authors: Gerlein Luis Felipe , Benavides-Guerrero Jaime Alberto , Cloutier Sylvain G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOn the long road towards low-cost flexible hybrid electronics, integration and printable solar energy harvesting solutions, there is an urgent need for high-performance transparent conductive electrodes produced using manufacturing-ready techniques and equipment. In recent years, randomly-distributed metallic nanowire-based transparent mesh electrodes have proven highly-promising as they offer a superb compromise between high performances and low fabrication costs. Unfortunately, these high figure-of-merit transparent mesh electrodes usually rely heavily on extensive post-deposition processing. While conventional thermal annealing yields good performances, it is especially ill-suited for deposition on low-temperature substrates or for high-throughput manufacturing solutions. Similarly, laser-induced annealing severely limits the processing time for electrodes covering large surfaces. In this paper, we report the fabrication of ultra high-performance silver nanowires-based transparent conductive electrodes fabricated using optimized manufacturing-ready ultrafast photonic curing solutions. Using conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) as our benchmark for transparent electrodes, we demonstrate a 2.6–2.7 $$\times $$
×
performance gain using two different figure-of-merit indicators. Based on these results, we believe this research provides an ideal manufacturing-ready approach for the large-scale and low-cost fabrication of ultra high-performance transparent electrodes for flexible hybrid electronics and solar-energy harvesting applications.
Plasticity in organic composition maintains biomechanical performance in shells of juvenile scallops exposed to altered temperature and pH conditions
Authors: Lagos Nelson A. , Benítez Samanta , Grenier Cristian , Rodriguez-Navarro Alejandro B. , García-Herrera Claudio , Abarca-Ortega Aldo , Vivanco Juan F. , Benjumeda Isabel , Vargas Cristian A. , Duarte Cristian , Lardies Marco A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe exposure to environmental variations in pH and temperature has proven impacts on benthic ectotherms calcifiers, as evidenced by tradeoffs between physiological processes. However, how these stressors affect structure and functionality of mollusk shells has received less attention. Episodic events of upwelling of deep cold and low pH waters are well documented in eastern boundary systems and may be stressful to mollusks, impairing both physiological and biomechanical performance. These events are projected to become more intense, and extensive in time with ongoing global warming. In this study, we evaluate the independent and interactive effects of temperature and pH on the biomineral and biomechanical properties of Argopecten purpuratus scallop shells. Total organic matter in the shell mineral increased under reduced pH (~ 7.7) and control conditions (pH ~ 8.0). The periostracum layer coating the outer shell surface showed increased protein content under low pH conditions but decreasing sulfate and polysaccharides content. Reduced pH negatively impacts shell density and increases the disorder in the orientation of calcite crystals. At elevated temperatures (18 °C), shell microhardness increased. Other biomechanical properties were not affected by pH/temperature treatments. Thus, under a reduction of 0.3 pH units and low temperature, the response of A. purpuratus was a tradeoff among organic compounds (biopolymer plasticity), density, and crystal organization (mineral plasticity) to maintain shell biomechanical performance, while increased temperature ameliorated the impacts on shell hardness. Biopolymer plasticity was associated with ecophysiological performance, indicating that, under the influence of natural fluctuations in pH and temperature, energetic constraints might be critical in modulating the long-term sustainability of this compensatory mechanism.