bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations on Spontaneous Movement of Nucleoli
Authors: Kidd P. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
During an examination of the ciliated epithelial cells from a frog’s mouth Dr. Klein drew my attention to certain cells with special characters to be referred to presently, the nucleoli of which exhibited a crenated appearance; this aroused the suspicion of this being due to amœboid movement. They were therefore subjected to a continuous and careful observation, and it was found that this was actually the case, viz., that these nucleoli perform spontaneous movement. In an ordinary saline solution preparation in which these movements were observed they were, although distinct, yet not very marked, and it was therefore desirable to repeat the experiment under more favorable conditions. A portion of epithelium from the same frog’s mouth was prepared between two thin cover-glasses, in a drop of “humor aqueus” and a thin layer of oil was then painted round the edges of the cover-glasses. The specimen was then placed on a Stricker’s warm-stage, and examined under a No. 10 immersion of Hartnack. The temperature of the warm stage was about 39° C. Several cells were again found similar to those before noticed, viz., cells differing from the other epithelial cells in having no cilia, in their distinct outline and large size, and in the pale and uniformly granular nature of their protoplasm. They possessed a large ovoid vesicular nucleus like the other epithelial cells present, and were provided with a large nucleolus, sometimes with two nucleoli. The larger nucleoli measured 0·002mm., the smaller 0·0015mm. in diameter. As far as morphological characters go these cells were not lymphoid corpuscles, for they were very large, much like columnar epithelial cells, at the same time somewhat irregular in their outline. It should be mentioned that as the frog was suffering from inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth, these special cells, from their large size, irregular shape, and the absence of cilia were probably young epithelial cells. On observing one of these cells after a short time a process was developed from its nucleolus, which very soon after was seen to undergo a change not only in length but also in direction. In two or three cases the processes given off from a nucleolus possessed a knob-like projection at their free end, which seemed to vary in distinctness in the course of the observation. After a few days another examination of the epithelial cells from the mouth of the same frog was made under similar conditions, that is to say, the cells were examined between two cover-glasses in a drop of “humor aqiueus,” on a Stricker’s warm stage. Again, amoeboid movements were observed in the nucleoli of these special cells, two or more processes were observed to spring from several nucleoli. In some cases these processes were provided with a small lateral branch, and in one instance such a branch disappeared and a corresponding branch appeared at another point.
On a New Peritrichous Infusorian (Cyclochæta spon-gillæ)
Authors: Jackson WM. Hatchett 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The Infusorian figured Pl. XII was originally found by my friend Mr. W. H. Poole, of Magdalen College, while engaged in examining a fine fresh-water sponge (Spongilla fluviatilis) taken from the river Cherwell. He was good enough to give me the first specimen as well as another he found subsequently. These two, together with others obtained by myself from the same sponge, form the subjectmatter of the present paper.
On Certain Points in the Anatomy of Peripatus Capensis
Authors: Balfour F. M. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The discovery by Mr. Moseley2 of a tracheal system in Peripatus must be reckoned as one of the most interesting results obtained by the naturalists of the “Challenger.” The discovery clearly proves that the genus Peripatus, which is widely distributed over the globe, is the persisting remnant of what was probably a large group of forms, from which the present tracheate Arthropoda are descended.
On the Use of the Wenham Binocular with High Powers
Authors: Gibbes Heneage 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A Great many plans have been tried for the purpose of obtaining stereoscopic effect with high powers, and these have all required a special stand or special apparatus entirely removed out of the reach of the ordinary working microscopist, and this led I think to the prevalent idea that the binocular microscope is entirely unsuited for histological or pathological research.
On the Micrometric Numeration of the Blood-Corpuscles and the Estimation of their Haemoglobin
Authors: Hart Ernest 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The micrometric numeration of the blood-corpuscles and the estimation of haemoglobin are operations which, though of comparatively recent introduction, have rapidly passed out of the sphere of laboratory experiment into practical use as exact methods of physiological and clinical investigation. Those who have worked at this subject cannot, however, have proceeded far without discovering that the methods and instruments hitherto in use are inconveniently imperfect and vitiated by numerous sources of error. Some recent improvements by M. Malassez, assistant in the Laboratory of Histology in the Collège de France, appear to me to have done much to remove these disadvantages.
Preliminary Account of the Development of the Lampreys
Authors: Scott W. B. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
For nearly a year (1879-80) I was occupied in the laboratory of Professor Gegenbaur in working out the development of the Lampreys, the results of which investigations will appear shortly in a more extended form. It seemed, however, desirable to give a preliminary account of the results which have been obtained, in order, as far as possible, to direct the attention of morphologists to the general character of the development of this important and little understood group of Vertebrates. Professor Gegenbaur very kindly placed at my disposal the splendid material which was so laboriously and skilfully collected and prepared by the late Dr. Calberla. This consists of an immense series of preserved embryos and larvæ, and of many thousand prepared sections; and, in addition to these, I have further obtained a fine series of larvæ, for which I am indebted to the friendly offices of Professor Wiedersheim.
The Organ of Jacobson in the Rabbit
Authors: Klein E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In continuation of the research of the organ of Jacobson in mammals, that of the guinea-pig having been described in the January and April numbers, 1881, of this Journal, I now propose to give the results of the minute examination of this organ in the rabbit. The differences in the microscopic anatomy of Jacobson’s organ in these two rodents are very great indeed, much greater than could be anticipated. That of the rabbit in many respects comes very close to the ideal type which Gratiolet 1 draws and describes, and is also similar to the organ in the sheep as described by Balogh 2. The points of resemblance between that of the rabbit and the sheep and the points of dissemblance between that of the rabbit and the guinea-pig will be fully discussed below.
The Minute Structure of the Lateral and the Central Eyes of Scorpio and of Limulus
Authors: Ray Lankester E. , Bourne A. G. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Scope.—In the essay entitled “Limulus an Arachnid,” published in this Journal in 1881, it has been pointed out by one of us (Prof. Lankester) that, amongst other very numerous agreements of structure exhibited by the Scorpions on the one hand and the King Crab on the other, there is a close superficial coincidence in the disposition and the character of the eyes; in both we find a.single pair of simple central eyes, and a lateral or marginal pair of “grouped “or aggregated eyes—the multicorneal lens of the King Crab’s lateral eye corresponding to the numerous (two to seven) small lenses placed in groups laterally on the Scorpion’s head.
The Tongue of Perameles nasuta, with some Suggestions as to the Origin of Taste Bulbs
Authors: Poulton Edward B. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
I am indebted to the kindness of Professor Moseley for the opportunity of working upon the tongue of this little-known animal. I had expected to meet with interesting details in this investigation, but I hardly ventured to hope for characters with so important a bearing on general development as, it appears to me, are to be found in this organ, especially when such suggestive structures are combined with so much highly specialised peculiarity.
On the Structure and Development of Loxosoma
Authors: Harmer Sidney F. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe investigations which form the subject of the present paper were carried on during an occupation of the Cambridge University Table at Naples from. January to July, 1884. An account of my main results was communicated to the Montreal meeting of the British Association in September, 1884, and a short abstract will appear in the forthcoming report.
On Green Oysters
Authors: Lankester E. Ray 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The investigation of the nature of the colouring matters which occur in different organisms, has always appeared to me one of especial importance, leading us, on the one hand, into a remarkable region of physiological phenomena, and on the other hand, helping us to trace to their true physical causes some of the most beautiful and at the same time most puzzling of organic developments. The chemical and functional characteristics of pigment-compounds are daily becoming better understood, and at the same time we are obtaining some notion of the way in which nature has here and there taken hold of the accidental non-significant property of colour in a by-product of the organism’s chemical factory, and has assigned to the pigment a high position of importance as an ornament, a protective, or a lure.
On the Anatomy of Mussa and Euphyllia, and the Morphology of the Madreporarian Skeleton
Authors: Bourne G. C. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The following paper contains a description of the anatomy of two genera of Madreporaria aporosa, Mussa and Euphyllia, concluding with a general account of the morphology of the Madreporarian skeleton in the light of the most recent researches on the group. My thanks are due to Professor Moseley, who kindly gave me the specimens of Euphyllia with which I worked, and assisted me with his advice; to Mr. W. Hatchett Jackson, whom I frequently consulted on the more general morphological questions contained in the latter part of this paper; and to Dr. G. H. Fowler, who kindly lent me for reference proofs of his latest paper on the Madreporaria before it had appeared in public print.
Contributions to the Knowledge of Amphioxus lanceolatus, Yarrell
Authors: Lankester E. Ray 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
It is now fourteen years since I published in the ‘Quarterly Journal of Microsc. Science’ (vol. xv) some notes on the structure of Amphioxus. I have delayed publishing until the present date fuller illustrations of the facts then recorded, but have made use of my material in annually recurring lectures at University College.
Studies in the Embryology of the Echinoderms
Authors: Bury H. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIn the following pages I propose to give a comparative account of the structure and development of certain organs in young Echinoderm larvæ. I am not here concerned with the earliest stages (gastrula, &c.), nor with those later ones in which the pentamerous symmetry of the adult is already assumed, but only with that bilaterally symmetrical stage which is more or less clearly represented in all Echinoderm larvæ, and to which Semon (28) has given the convenient name “Dipleurula.”
The Nephridium of Lumbricus and its Bloodsupply; With Remarks on the Nephridia in other Chætopoda
Authors: Benham W. Blaxland 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The nephridium of the common earthworm has recently been the subject of a contribution by Dr. Goehlich (20), in which he remarks on various statements made by Gegenbaur in his classical paper on the subject, published in 1853 (19), in which he corrected the then prevailing view that the segmentally arranged tubes were respiratory, and suggested their excretory function.
On the Development of the Optic Nerve of Vertebrates, and the Choroidal Fissure of Embryonic Life
Authors: Asshcton Richard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In the ‘Anatomische Anzeiger’ of 28th March, 1891, Froriep described, in a somewhat brief manner, the way in which the fibres of the optic nerve are developed in the embryo of Torpedo ocellata. The paper contains twelve outline figures, which satisfactorily indicate that in the case of Torpedo ocellata at least certain fibres of the optic nerve arise from nerve-cells or neuroblasts situated in that portion of the optic cup which will form the retina at a later stage of development.
Skin Diseases of Parasitic Origin: their Nature and Treatment. Including the Description and Relations of the Fungi found in Man
Authors: Fox W. Tilbury , Wicke R. Hard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Mycologists and medical men have to thank Dr. Fox for the comprehensive and elaborate treatise before us, the first original one on the subject in the English language. It treats only of vegetable parasites on man, which would seem to be a not very extensive field for observation; yet, limited though it may appear, it has been so neglected or inadequately treated hitherto, that its condition was little better than chaotic; and this too, in a very few years, for thirty have not passed since Schönlein first described the fungus which causes favus, and which now bears his name. Though the knowledge of the parasites is so recent, many of the diseases to which they give rise have been long recognised, and were treated of by the ancients. It may be also mentioned in connection with the history of the science, that Leeuwenhoek, in his ‘Arcana Naturæ,’ published near the end of the seventeenth century, has figured the Leptothrix buccalis, a small organism which grows on the decaying food between the teeth and papillæ of the tongue.
The Habits and Structure of Arenicola marina
Authors: Gamble F. W. , Ashworth J. H. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The common lugworm and its coiled castings of sand are familiar objects on almost all the sandy and muddy shores of Western Europe, but the exact geographical range of the species is doubtful. It has been recorded from the shores of North Siberia, Spitzbergen, Iceland, and Greenland (Wirén, 1883; Levinsen, 1883). On the north-east coast of America it has been found from the Bay of Fundy to Long Island (Verrill, 1881). On both sides of the Atlantic, latitude 40° N. marks approximately the southern limit of Arenicola marina. South of this it is replaced in the Mediterranean by A. Claparèdii, Lev., and by A. cristata, Stimps., the latter also ranging on the west side of the Atlantic from Cape May (N. J.) to the Caribbean Sea. Its reputed occurrence on the north coast of Alaska (Murdoch1), at Vancouver Island (Marenzeller, 1887), Coquimbo, and South Africa requires confirmation.
A Revision of the Genus Steganoporella
Authors: Harmer Sidney F. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Some months ago Professor A. C. Haddon presented to the University Museum of Zoology at Cambridge a collection of Polyzoa, obtained by him during his first expedition to Torres Straits in 1888-9. The bulk of his collection had previously been given to the British Museum, aud had formed the subject of a paper by Mr. R. Kirkpatrick;1 but the material acquired by the Cambridge Museum, although consisting mostly of small pieces, contained many species which do not seem to have been represented in the other part of the collection. Among these I observed three species of Steganoporella, two of which appear to be undescribed. One of these was of special interest from being well preserved in spirit, enabling observations to be made on its structure. My results on this subject are not quite ready for publication, and I shall at present merely indicate their general nature.
Nouvelles Observations sur les Peripatus de la Collection du Musée Britannique
Authors: Bouvier E. L. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
M. Le Professeur Ray Lankester ayant eu l’aimable obligeance de me communiquer ce qui restait d’Onychophores au British Museum après son premier envoi, j’ai pensé qu’il serait utile de faire connaître les observations que ces matériaux complémentaires m’ont permis d’effectuer.
On the Protostigmata of Molgula manhattensis (De Kay)
Authors: Willey Arthur 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In the case of several species of simple Ascidians with relatively alccithal eggs, it is known that the larva, at or about the time of fixation, possesses two pairs of gill-clefts or primary branchial stigmata. The period during which the stigmatic system of the young Ascidian is represented by these two pairs of clefts alone may be one of considerable duration, thus constituting a definite stage of development. This is succeeded by another well-marked stage, characterised by the presence not of three but of four stigmata on each side of the pharynx. In the next stage there are five pairs of stigmata; and, finally, the last stage of the infantile or nepionic period of development is heralded by the appearance of a sixth pair.
On some Parasites found in Echinus esculentus, L
Authors: Shipley Arthur E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The interesting parasite, Syndesmus, was first observed by Patrick Geddes,1 who, however, beyond drawing attention to its partly Turbellarian, partly Trematode characters, made no attempt to describe it. He found it in the perivisceral cavity of Echinus esculentus, L.
Dendrocometes paradoxus: Part I.—Conjugation
Authors: Hickson Sydney J. , Wadsworth J. T. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
There is no species of the class Acinetaria that can be obtained with greater facility at all times of the year than Dendrocometes paradoxus (Stein). This is due to the fact that it is found with unfailing regularity on the gills of our commonest fresh-water Crustacean, Gammarus pulex.
A New and Annectant Type of Chilopod
Authors: Pocock R. I. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The continent of Australia and its adjacent islands have hitherto proved singularly disappointing in the production of interesting types of Chilopoda. Setting aside Cermatobins, which was discovered some fifteen years back in the island of Adenara, none of the genera known up to the present time from the Australian region throw special light upon the phylogeny of the families of this class ; none can be regarded as archaic forms that have found refuge in this southern tract of land. Collections made in various districts of the country have yielded specimens of Scutigera, Henicops, Lithobius, Scolopendra, Cryptops, Geophilus—genera which may be met with on a single hillside in almost any part of Southern Europe; of Cormocephalus and Ethmostigmus, which in an almost equal degree are characteristic of tropical Africa or the Oriental region. The entire fauna, in short, bears the stamp of comparatively recent origin by immigration from South Eastern Asia, with perhaps an infusion from the Ethiopian region or Madagascar.
Notes on Actinotrocha
Authors: Menon K. Ramunni 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The following notes on Actinotrocha (a careful comparison of which with Brachiopod larvæ seemed desirable) may be of interest in connection with Masterman’s recent investigations on this larval form. I wish to express here my deep indebtedness to my kind teacher, Professor Bourne, for affording me every facility and help for working in his laboratory.
Studies on the Arachnid Entosternite
Authors: Pocock R. I. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The investigations here recorded were set on foot in the first instance with the purpose of settling certain contradictions as to matters of fact in the extant descriptions and published ligures of the entosternites of various Arachnids, which a preliminary dip into the literature revealed. It was necessary to ascertain whether these discrepancies were attributable to a natural variability in the organ, to specific or generic differences between the species dissected, or to errors of observation on the part of the dissectors. In some cases, too, there was an entire lack of agreement on the part of observers in the interpretation of the facts recorded ; and the suggested homologies between the constituent parts of the entosternites of various species did not, on a priori grounds, appear to be in all cases satisfactory. I was anxious, moreover, to test the respective claims to recognition of the two theories of the origin of the entosternite that have been put forward.
On the Body-Cavities and Nephridia of the Actinotrocha Larva
Authors: Goodrich Edwin S. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
On a previous occasion I announced the discovery of solenocytes in the larva of Phoronis (8, p. 499, note 1), and the following paper contains an account of the structure aud relations of its excretory organs. Since it is necessary to discuss the nature of the various cavities in the larva in order to thoroughly elucidate the morphological relations of the nephridia, I have gone into some detail on this question, and have illustrated my observations with some diagrammatic reconstructions which will, I hope, render my conclusions clear to the reader. The work is based on the examination of sections of some large Actinotrocha larvæ I caught at Trincomalee in 1899, and more especially on the study of some abundant material I obtained at Faro last July (1902).1 The Cingalese larvæ are provided with about thirty-six slender tentacles ; the Sicilian larvæ when full grown have fourteen tentacles, and probably belong to Phoronis psammophila.
Enteropneusta from Madras
Authors: Ramunni Menon K. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
During the last few months I have been able to dredge on a small scale off the Madras Coast. The specimens already obtained include a number of interesting forms, and I was especially gratified to find a few specimens of Enteropneusta, the occurrence of which had been rendered almost certain by the presence in great abundance of Tornarias in the Madras Plankton. Among other types may be mentioned Amphioxus, Lingula, Edwardsia, Pennatulids, Sphenopus, etc. The Enteropneusta form the subject of the present paper.
Observations on Ovarian Ova and Follicles in Certain Teleostean and Elasmobranch Fishes
Authors: Wallace William 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The ovaries of certain species of Teleostean and Elasmobranch fishes were examined with particular reference to the following points: Post-embryonic origin of ova and follicular epithelium.Yolk nuclei and their significance.Egg-membranes and follicular epithelium.Histology of egg-absorption.Structural changes in ruptured follicles.
On the Anatomy and Development of Distomum cirrigerum, v. Baer
Authors: Warren Ernest 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Material.— In November, 1901, my attention was drawn by a student dissecting a male crayfish (Astacus fluviatilis) to the condition of its muscles. The extensor’ muscles behind the heart contained numerous rounded bodies of a whitish translucent aspect, which varied in size from microscopic dimensions to 1’5 mm. or more in diameter. On examination these bodies proved to be cysts enclosing the trematode Distomum cirrigerum, v. Baer. The living animal could be seen revolving inside the cyst.