bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound for detecting non‐perforated gastroduodenal ulcers in dogs
Authors: Weston Philippa J. , Maddox Thomas W. , Hõim Sven‐Erik , Griffin Sally , Mesquita Luis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal ultrasound is frequently used to detect non‐perforated gastroduodenal ulcers in dogs. Studies assessing the diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasound for the detection of non‐perforated gastroduodenal ulcers have yielded mixed results. No studies to date have investigated the effects of patient bodyweight, breed, sex, age, ulcer aetiology (neoplastic or inflammatory) or location on the diagnostic accuracy of abdominal ultrasound.MethodsRetrospective, multicentre study to evaluate the diagnostic utility of abdominal ultrasonography for the diagnosis of non‐perforated gastroduodenal ulceration in dogs.ResultsSixty‐one dogs met the inclusion criteria. Ulcers were detected during ultrasound examination in 18 of 61 dogs, yielding a sensitivity of 29.5% (95% confidence interval 18.8%–42.7%). Ulcers in the pyloric region were detected more frequently than those in the duodenum; however, location was not significantly associated with the ability of ultrasound to detect lesions (p = 0.41). No associations were identified between the ability of ultrasound to detect an ulcer and patient bodyweight (p = 0.45), breed (p = 0.98), sex (p = 0.90), age (p = 0.94), and neoplastic versus inflammatory nature of ulcerative lesions (p = 0.93).ConclusionThe diagnostic utility of ultrasound as the sole modality for the detection of non‐perforated gastroduodenal mucosal ulceration is poor. The authors therefore recommend the use of additional modalities when ulcerative lesions are suspected.
Detection of owner‐perceived emotional eating in companion dogs: A regression modelling approach
Authors: Luño Isabel , Muniesa Ana , Palacio Jorge , García‐Belenguer Sylvia , Rosado Belén 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground: Emotional eating has been largely demonstrated in humans and laboratory rodents, but a recent survey conducted by the authors revealed that dog owners have also detected this phenomenon in their pets. However, due to the lack of diagnostic tools, veterinarians and researchers might encounter serious difficulties in detecting emotional eating in clinical settings. The present study aimed to explore different variables associated with owner perceived‐emotional eating in companion dogs with the ultimate goal of designing a tool that could facilitate its detection.Methods: The mentioned survey included information on feeding habits, eating behaviour, temperament and emotional state of the dogs, as well as a specific question for assessing the owners' perception on emotional eating. From these data (n = 1137), a stochastic model based on binary logistic regression was used to design a regression model.Results and conclusion: The final model (r2 = 0.179, p < 0.001) included a constant and nine variables and, of these, five did act as risk factors whereas the rest were considered as protective factors, in line with a congruent clinical perception.These variables could make up an easy‐to‐respond nine‐item checklist to be answered by dog owners that could help veterinarians identify those companion dogs susceptible to emotional eating.
Mortar and Pestle or Cooking Vessel? When Archaeology Makes Progress Through Failed Analogies
Authors: Nyrup Rune 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMost optimistic accounts of analogies in archaeology focus on cases where analogies lead to accurate or well-supported interpretations of the past. This chapter offers a complementary argument: analogies can also provide a valuable form of understanding of cultural and social phenomena when they fail, in the sense of either being shown inaccurate or the evidence being insufficient to determine their accuracy. This type of situation is illustrated through a case study involving the mortarium, a characteristic type of Roman pottery, and its relation to the so-called Romanization debate in Romano-British archaeology. I develop an account of comparative understanding, based on the idea that humans have a natural desire to understand ourselves comparatively, i.e., in terms of how we resemble and differ from societies at other times and places. Pursuing analogies can provide this type of understanding regardless of whether they turn out to be accurate. Furthermore, analogies can provide a similar form of understanding even when the evidence turns out to be insufficient to determine their accuracy.
Academic Poem for Christof
Authors: Kammerer Kurt , Smetsers Ulrike , Maier Anna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor reasons of academic ambition, this poem was not compiled in Hohenloher-Fränkisch, Alemannisch, Badisch-Karlsruherisch, Westerwälder Platt or scientific English, but in High-German. This poem is contributed by Christof’s first academic family of the early 1980s. This work would not have been possible without the inspiring spices and brain calories of Jule’s delicious quiche that turned a long poetic session into a memorable scientific breakthrough event.
Wheat root systems as a breeding target for climate resilience
Authors: Ober Eric S. , Alahmad Samir , Cockram James , Forestan Cristian , Hickey Lee T. , Kant Josefine , Maccaferri Marco , Marr Emily , Milner Matthew , Pinto Francisco , Rambla Charlotte , Reynolds Matthew , Salvi Silvio , Sciara Giuseppe , Snowdon Rod J. , Thomelin Pauline , Tuberosa Roberto , Uauy Cristobal , Voss-Fels Kai P. , Wallington Emma , Watt Michelle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the coming decades, larger genetic gains in yield will be necessary to meet projected demand, and this must be achieved despite the destabilizing impacts of climate change on crop production. The root systems of crops capture the water and nutrients needed to support crop growth, and improved root systems tailored to the challenges of specific agricultural environments could improve climate resiliency. Each component of root initiation, growth and development is controlled genetically and responds to the environment, which translates to a complex quantitative system to navigate for the breeder, but also a world of opportunity given the right tools. In this review, we argue that it is important to know more about the ‘hidden half’ of crop plants and hypothesize that crop improvement could be further enhanced using approaches that directly target selection for root system architecture. To explore these issues, we focus predominantly on bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), a staple crop that plays a major role in underpinning global food security. We review the tools available for root phenotyping under controlled and field conditions and the use of these platforms alongside modern genetics and genomics resources to dissect the genetic architecture controlling the wheat root system. To contextualize these advances for applied wheat breeding, we explore questions surrounding which root system architectures should be selected for, which agricultural environments and genetic trait configurations of breeding populations are these best suited to, and how might direct selection for these root ideotypes be implemented in practice.
Imaging and liquid biopsy in the prediction and evaluation of response to PRRT in neuroendocrine tumors: implications for patient management
Authors: Roll Wolfgang , Weckesser Matthias , Seifert Robert , Bodei Lisa , Rahbar Kambiz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this narrative review is to give an overview on current and emerging imaging methods and liquid biopsy for prediction and evaluation of response to PRRT. Current limitations and new perspectives, including artificial intelligence, are discussed.

Methods
A literature review of PubMed/Medline was performed with representative keywords. The search included articles published online through August 31, 2020. All searches were restricted to English language manuscripts.

Results
Peptide radio receptor therapy (PRRT) is a prospectively evaluated and approved therapy option in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Different ligands targeting the somatostatin receptor (SSTR) are used as theranostic pairs for imaging NET and for PRRT. Response assessment in prospective trials often relies on the morphological RECIST 1.1 criteria, based on lesion size in CT or MRI. The role of SSTR-PET and quantitative uptake parameters and volumetric data is still not defined. Monoanalyte tumor marker chromogranin A has a limited value for response assessment after PRRT. New emerging liquid biopsy techniques are offering prediction of response to PRRT and prognostic value.

Conclusions
New response criteria for NET patients undergoing PRRT will comprise multiparametric hybrid imaging and blood-based multianalyte markers. This represents tumor biology and heterogeneity.
A Comparison of the P‐POSSUM and NELA Risk Score for Patients Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy in Singapore
Authors: Lai C P T , Goo T T , Ong M W , Prakash P S , Lim W W , Drakeford P A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground (aims, hypotheses, or objectives)Emergency laparotomy (EL) is a high‐risk surgical procedure associated with considerable morbidity and mortality around the world. A reliable risk‐assessment tool that is specific to patients undergoing EL allows the early identification of high‐risk patients and enables appropriate healthcare resource allocation. The objective of this study was to compare the commonly used Portsmouth‐physiologic and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (P‐POSSUM) with the recently developed National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) score in terms of their accuracy for identifying patients at increased risk of 30‐day mortality in a predominantly Asian population.MethodsPhysiological and operative data from a prospectively collected audit of adult patients undergoing EL in 2018 and 2019 across two tertiary hospitals in Singapore were used to retrospectively calculate both the P‐POSSUM and NELA scores for each patient encounter. This was then compared to actual mortality rates to determine each model's accuracy and precision.Results830 patients were included in the study with a 30‐day mortality of 5.66%. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) was similar for both the NELA (0.86, p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.81–0.91) and the P‐POSSUM models (0.84, p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.78–0.89). While the models over‐predicted mortality, overall O:E ratios showed that the NELA model performance was superior to that of P‐POSSUM (0.58 [95% CI 0.43–0.77] compared to 0.34 [95% CI 0.26–0.46]).ConclusionThe NELA risk‐prediction model accurately predicts 30‐day mortality in this large cohort of patients undergoing EL and outperforms the current P‐POSSUM model. We recommend that the NELA score should replace the P‐POSSUM score as a model to distinguish between high‐ and low‐risk patients undergoing EL.
On the regularity of curvature fields in stress-driven nonlocal elastic beams
Authors: Vaccaro Marzia Sara , Marotti de Sciarra Francesco , Barretta Raffaele 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElastostatic problems of Bernoulli–Euler nanobeams, involving internal kinematic constraints and discontinuous and/or concentrated force systems, are investigated by the stress-driven nonlocal elasticity model. The field of elastic curvature is output by the convolution integral with a special averaging kernel and a piecewise smooth source field of elastic curvature, pointwise generated by the bending interaction. The total curvature is got by adding nonelastic curvatures due to thermal and/or electromagnetic effects and similar ones. It is shown that fields of elastic curvature, associated with piecewise smooth source fields and bi-exponential kernel, are continuously differentiable in the whole domain. The nonlocal elastic stress-driven integral law is then equivalent to a constitutive differential problem equipped with boundary and interface constitutive conditions expressing continuity of elastic curvature and its derivative. Effectiveness of the interface conditions is evidenced by the solution of an exemplar assemblage of beams subjected to discontinuous and concentrated loadings and to thermal curvatures, nonlocally associated with discontinuous thermal gradients. Analytical solutions of structural problems and their nonlocal-to-local limits are evaluated and commented upon.
Distribution of the timber quality attribute ‘knot surface’ in logs of Fagus sylvatica L. from pure and mixed forest stands
Authors: Höwler Kirsten , Vor Torsten , Schall Peter , Annighöfer Peter , Seidel Dominik , Ammer Christian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResearch on mixed forests has mostly focused on tree growth and productivity, or resistance and resilience in changing climate conditions, but only rarely on the effects of tree species mixing on timber quality. In particular, it is still unclear whether the numerous positive effects of mixed forests on productivity and stability come at the expense of timber quality. In this study, we used photographs of sawn boards from 90 European beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) trees of mixed and pure forest stands to analyze internal timber quality through the quality indicatorknot surfacethat was quantitatively assessed using the software Datinf® Measure. We observed a decrease inknot surfacewith increasing distance from the pith as well as smaller values in the lower log sections. Regarding the influence of neighborhood species identity, we found only minor effects meaning that timber qualities in mixed stands of beech and Norway spruce (Picea abies(L.) H. Karst.) tended to be slightly worse compared to pure beech stands.
Homogeneous non-degenerate 3-(α,δ)-Sasaki manifolds and submersions over quaternionic Kähler spaces
Authors: Agricola Ilka , Dileo Giulia , Stecker Leander 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe show that every 3-$$(\alpha ,\delta )$$

(
α
,
δ
)

-Sasaki manifold of dimension $$4n + 3$$

4
n
+
3

admits a locally defined Riemannian submersion over a quaternionic Kähler manifold of scalar curvature $$16n(n+2)\alpha \delta$$

16
n
(
n
+
2
)
α
δ

. In the non-degenerate case we describe all homogeneous 3-$$(\alpha ,\delta )$$

(
α
,
δ
)

-Sasaki manifolds fibering over symmetric Wolf spaces and over their non-compact dual symmetric spaces. If $$\alpha \delta > 0$$

α
δ
>
0

, this yields a complete classification of homogeneous 3-$$(\alpha ,\delta )$$

(
α
,
δ
)

-Sasaki manifolds. For $$\alpha \delta < 0$$

α
δ
<
0

, we provide a general construction of homogeneous 3-$$(\alpha , \delta )$$

(
α
,
δ
)

-Sasaki manifolds fibering over non-symmetric Alekseevsky spaces, the lowest possible dimension of such a manifold being 19.
Convergence of Lobatto-type Runge–Kutta methods for partitioned differential-algebraic systems of index 2
Authors: Sato Martín de Almagro Rodrigo T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper a numerical scheme for partitioned systems of index 2 DAEs, such as those arising from nonholonomic mechanical problems, is proposed and its order for a certain class of Runge–Kutta methods we call of Lobatto-type is proven.
Synthesis of cross-linked polyurethane elastomers with the inclusion of polar-aromatic moieties (BA, PNBA and 3, 5-DNBA): Electrical and thermo-mechanical properties analysis
Authors: Ansari Manauwar Ali , Somdee Patcharapon , Marossy Kálmán 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, we used the design strategy “doped nonpolar polymers” and synthesized the polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) by doping with highly polar aromatic molecules such as benzoic acid (BA), 4(para)-nitro-benzoic acid (PNBA), and 3, 5-di-nitro-benzoic acid (3, 5-DNBA) by using the solution casting method. The effect of each molecule in three different weight percentages 2%, 4%, and 6% on electrical and thermo-mechanical properties of the material has studied. Experiments were carried out to determine electrical properties such as DC volume resistivity, dielectric constant, and loss factor. DMA and DSC measurements were done to assess thermo-mechanical properties. Also, thermal conductivity measurement was carried out and a strong nitro group and doping percentage dependent results have been observed. A comparative analysis of the effect on the said properties was done among the doped and undoped PUEs.
Second-order integrable Lagrangians and WDVV equations
Authors: Ferapontov E. V. , Pavlov M. V. , Xue Lingling 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigate the integrability of Euler–Lagrange equations associated with 2D second-order Lagrangians of the form$$\begin{aligned} \int f(u_{xx},u_{xy},u_{yy})\ \mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}y. \end{aligned}$$∫f(uxx,uxy,uyy)dxdy.By deriving integrability conditions for the Lagrangian densityf, examples of integrable Lagrangians expressible via elementary functions, Jacobi theta functions and dilogarithms are constructed. A link of second-order integrable Lagrangians to WDVV equations is established. Generalisations to 3D second-order integrable Lagrangians are also discussed.
A bibliometric study of human–computer interaction research activity in the Nordic-Baltic Eight countries
Authors: Sandnes Frode Eika 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHuman–computer interaction (HCI) has become an important area for designers and developers worldwide, and research activities set in national cultural contexts addressing local challenges are often needed in industry and academia. This study explored HCI research in the Nordic-Baltic countries using bibliometric methods. The results show that the activity varies greatly across the region with activities dominated by Finland, Sweden, and Denmark, even when adjusting for differences in population size and GDP. Research output variations were larger for the top-tier conferences compared to entry-tier conferences and journals. Locally hosted conferences were associated with local increases in research activity. HCI research longevity appears to be an indicator of research maturity and quantity. HCI researchers typically collaborated either with colleagues within the same institution or with researchers from countries outside the Nordic-Baltic region such as US and the UK. There was less collaboration between national and Nordic-Baltic partners. Collaboration appeared especially prevalent for top-tier conference papers. Top-tier conference papers were also more frequently cited than regional-tier and entry-tier conferences, yet journal articles were cited the most. One implication of this study is that the HCI research activity gaps across the Nordic-Baltic countries should be narrowed by increasing the activity in countries with low research outputs. To achieve this, first-time authors could receive guidance through collaborations with experienced authors in the same institution or other labs around the world. More conferences could also be hosted locally. Furthermore, journals may be more effective than conferences if the goal is to accumulate citations.
Cool, Dry, Nano-scale DIC Patterning of Delicate, Heterogeneous, Non-planar Specimens by Micro-mist Nebulization
Authors: Shafqat S. , Hoefnagels J. P. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground: Application of patterns to enable high-resolution Digital Image Correlation (DIC) at the small scale (μm/nm) is known to be very challenging as techniques developed for the macro- and mesoscale, such as spray painting, cannot be scaled down directly. Moreover, existing nano-patterning techniques all rely on harsh processing steps, based on high temperature, chemicals, physical contact, liquids, and/or high vacuum, that can easily damage fragile, small-scale, free-standing and/or hygro-sensitive specimens, such as MEMS or biological samples. Objective: To present a straightforward, inexpensive technique specially designed for nano-patterning highly delicate specimens for high-resolution DIC. Methods: The technique consists in a well-controlled nebulized micro-mist, containing predominantly no more than one nanoparticle per mist droplet. The micro-mist is subsequently dried, resulting in a flow of individual nanoparticles that are deposited on the specimen surface at near-room temperature. By having single nanoparticles falling on the specimen surface, the notoriously challenging task of controlling nanoparticle-nanoparticle and nanoparticle-surface interactions as a result of the complex droplet drying dynamics, e.g., in drop-casting, is circumvented. Results: High-quality patterns are demonstrated for a number of challenging cases of physically and chemically sensitive specimens with nanoparticles from 1 μm down to 50 nm in diameter. It is shown that the pattern can easily be scaled within (and probably beyond) this range, which is of special interest for micromechanical testing using in-situ microscopic imaging techniques, such as high-magnification optical microscopy, optical profilometry, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, etc. Conclusions: Delicate specimens can conveniently be patterned at near-room temperature ($\sim $
∼
37 ∘C), without exposure to chemicals, physical contact or vacuum, while the pattern density and speckle size can be easily tuned.
Effect of inorganic carbonate and organic matter in thermal treatment of mercury-contaminated soil
Authors: Cho Kanghee , Kang Jinkyu , Kim Songbae , Purev Oyunbileg , Myung Eunji , Kim Hyunsoo , Choi Nagchoul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThermal treatment of mercury (Hg)-contaminated soil was studied to investigate the desorption behavior of Hg at different temperatures. The soil samples were collected from two locations with different land uses around the mine and industrial site. The effect of soil properties such as inorganic carbonate minerals and organic matter content on Hg desorption was investigated to understand the thermal desorption process. The effect of soil composition on Hg desorption showed that behavior at 100 °C was similar, but a different behavior could be found at 300 °C. The thermal desorption efficiency at 300 °C is affected by the thermal properties of soils and the Hg desorption capacity of the soils. The Hg from both soil types was removed above 300 °C, and Hg was effectively removed from mine soil due to the partial decomposition of carbonate in the soil composition, while industrial soil showed that desorption would be restrained by Hg organic matter complexes due to organic matter content. Despite a relatively higher concentration of Hg in the mine soil, Hg removal efficiency was greater than that in the industrial soil. Sequential extraction results showed that only the Hg fractions (residual fractions, step 6) in mine soil changed, while the industrial soil was affected by changes in Hg fractions (step 3 to step 6) at 300 °C. Changes in soil pH during thermal desorption are also influenced by heating time and temperature. Therefore, the mechanisms of Hg desorption during thermal treatment were observed by soil properties. The volatilization of Hg in the soil is induced by organic carbon, while soil Hg release is controlled by organic matter complexes.