bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards risk assessment for antibiotic resistant pathogens in recycled water: a systematic review and summary of research needs
Authors: Garner Emily , Organiscak Marisa , Dieter Lucien , Shingleton Carley , Haddix Madison , Joshi Sayalee , Pruden Amy , Ashbolt Nicholas J. , Medema Gertjan , Hamilton Kerry A. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryRisk assessment is critical for identifying target concentrations of antibiotic resistant pathogens necessary for mitigating potential harmful exposures associated with water reuse. However, there is currently limited available data characterizing the concentrations of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in recycled water to support robust efforts at risk assessment. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize the existing literature documenting the presence and abundance of ARB and ARGs in recycled water. In addition, this review identifies best practices and explores monitoring targets for studying ARB and ARGs in recycled water to guide future work and identifies key research needs aimed at better supporting quantitative microbial risk assessment focused on recycled water and antibiotic resistance. Future efforts to collect data about ARB and ARG prevalence in recycled water should report concentration data per unit volume. Sample metadata should also be provided, including a description of treatment approach, a description of planned water uses (e.g., potable, irrigation), methods for conveyance to the point of use, and available physicochemical water quality data. Additional research is needed aimed at identifying recommended ARB and ARG monitoring targets and for developing approaches to incorporate metagenomic data into risk assessment.
Efficacy and safety of lubiprostone for the treatment of functional constipation in Chinese adult patients: A multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Xiao Ying Lian , Dai Ning , He Shui Xiang , Tian De An , Liu Si De , Tian Zi Bin , Wang Xiao Yan , Li Yan Qing , Hou Xiao Hua , Fang Xiu Cai , Wen Zhi Li , Zeng Wei Zheng , Xu Hong , Sun Ming Jun , Liu Yu Lan , Wu Yong Dong , Shen Xi Zhong , Liu Xiao Wei , Liu De Liang , Chen Min Hu 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesFunctional constipation is a gastrointestinal disorder prevalent around the world. Lubiprostone is the first locally acting type‐2 chloride channel activator to be used for treating constipation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lubiprostone in Chinese adults with functional constipation.MethodsThis was a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Patients with functional constipation were randomized to receive either lubiprostone (24 mcg twice daily) or placebo for 4 weeks. The primary end‐point was the frequency of spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) during the first week of treatment. The secondary end‐points included the median time of the first SBM, SBM frequency at weeks 2, 3 and 4, weekly response rate of SBMs, the stool consistency score and average number of complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs) per week.ResultsIn total, 259 patients were randomized, with 130 in the lubiprostone group and 129 in the placebo group. SBM frequency was higher in the lubiprostone group (4.88 ± 4.09/wk) than that in the placebo group (3.22 ± 2.01/wk) at week 1 (P < 0.0001). SBM frequency was also higher in the lubiprostone group at weeks 2, 3 and 4. The average number of CSBMs and the stool consistency score in the lubiprostone group were significantly higher than that in the placebo group at each week. No drug‐related serious adverse events (AEs) occurred. The most commonly reported AE was nausea.ConclusionLubiprostone was superior to placebo in treating Chinese patients with functional constipation, together with good safety profile.
Letter: proton pump inhibitor use and bone fracture risk—a mechanistic point of view. Authors' reply
Authors: Labenz Christian , Schattenberg Jörn M. 
Published: October 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Labenz et al and Sugiyama papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16008 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16231
Antitumour effect of odoroside A and its derivative on human leukaemia cells through the ROS/JNK pathway
Authors: Hu Xiaopeng , Chen Tie , Zhang Shuquan , Zhang Qian , Li Chenyang , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOleandrigenin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐diginoside (a derivative of odoroside A), isolated and purified by our group, has seldom been explored for its pharmacological activity. This study aimed at clarifying the mechanisms towards the leukaemia‐suppressive role of odoroside A (compound #1) and its derivative, oleandrigenin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐diginoside (compound #2) isolated from Nerium oleander. Viability and nuclear morphology change were assessed by CCK‐8 assay and fluorescence microscope, respectively. Then, the cell apoptosis and autophagy induced by the compounds were detected by flow cytometry and Western blot. Xenograft model of nude mice was also applied to measure the leukaemia‐suppressive effects of compound #2 in vivo. The result displayed that compound #1 and compound #2 inhibited the proliferation of HL60 and K562 cells and stronger effects were found in HL60 than K562 cells. Both of the compounds induced a dose‐dependent apoptosis and autophagy in HL60 cells, where compound #2 was more potent than compound #1. Compound #2 also demonstrated a time‐dependent apoptosis and autophagy in HL60 cells. Furthermore, ROS generation and JNK phosphorylation occurred in a dose‐dependent manner in the cells treated with compound #2. Mitochondria also played critical role, proved by the decrease of Bcl‐2, the release of cyto c to cytosol and the activation of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9. Moreover, the antitumour effects of compound #2 were validated in the nude mouse xenograft model in vivo. Odoroside A and its derivative inhibited the growth of leukaemia by inducing apoptosis and autophagy through the activation of ROS/JNK pathway. These results suggest that the compounds can serve as potential antitumour agents against leukaemia, especially acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).
Clinical significance of the immunoglobulin G heavy‐chain repertoire in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of adult T‐cell leukaemia–lymphoma patients receiving mogamulizumab
Authors: Nosaka Kisato , Kusumoto Shigeru , Nakano Nobuaki , Choi Ilseung , Yoshimitsu Makoto , Imaizumi Yoshitaka , Hidaka Michihiro , Sasaki Hidenori , Makiyama Junya , Ohtsuka Eiichi , Jo Tatsuro , Ogata Masao , Ito Asahi , Yonekura Kentaro , Tatetsu Hiro , Kato Takeharu , Kawakita Toshiro , Suehiro Youko , Ishitsuka Kenji , Iida Shinsuke , Matsutani Takaji , Utsunomiya Atae , Ueda Ryuzo , Ishida Takashi 
Published: October 2021

Summary‘Monitoring of immune responses following mogamulizumab‐containing treatment in patients with adult T‐cell leukaemia–lymphoma (ATL)’ (MIMOGA) is a multicentre prospective clinical study (UMIN000008696). In the MIMOGA study, we found that a lower percentage of CD2−CD19+ B cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was a significant unfavourable prognostic factor for overall survival (OS). Accordingly, we then analysed the immunoglobulin G (IgG) heavy‐chain repertoire in PBMC by high‐throughput sequencing. Of the 101 patients enrolled in the MIMOGA study, for 81 a sufficient amount of PBMC RNA was available for repertoire sequencing analysis. Peripheral IgG B cells in patients with ATL had a restricted repertoire relative to those in healthy individuals. There was a significant positive correlation between the Shannon–Weaver diversity index (SWDI) for the IgG repertoire and proportions of B cells in the PBMC of the patients. Multivariate analysis identified two variables significantly affecting OS: a higher serum soluble interleukin‐2 receptor level, and a lower SWDI for the IgG repertoire [hazard ratio, 2·124; 95% confidence interval, 1·114–4·049; n = 44]. The present study documents the importance of humoral immune responses in patients receiving mogamulizumab‐containing treatment. Further investigation of strategies to enhance humoral immune responses in patients with ATL is warranted.
Pyroptosis targeting via mitochondria: An educated guess to innovate COVID‐19 therapies
Authors: Singh Aarti , Strobbe Daniela , Campanella Michelangelo 
Published: October 2021

Pyroptosis is a specialized form of inflammatory cell death which aids the defensive response against invading pathogens. Its normally tight regulation is lost during infection by the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), and thus, uncontrolled pyroptosis disrupts the immune system and the integrity of organs defining the critical conditions in patients with high viral load. Molecular pathways engaged downstream of the formation and stabilization of the inflammasome, which are necessary to execute the process, have been uncovered and drugs are available for their regulation. However, the pharmacology of the upstream events, which are critical to sense and interpret the initial damage by the pathogen, is far from being elucidated. This limits our capacity to identify early markers and targets to ameliorate SARS‐CoV‐2 linked pyroptosis. Here, we focus attention on the mitochondria and pathways leading to their dysfunction, in order to elucidate the early steps of inflammasome formation and devise tools to predict and counter pathological states induced by SARS‐CoV‐2.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on The second wave: are we any closer to efficacious pharmacotherapy for COVID 19? (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.10/issuetoc
Learning efficiency shocks, knowledge capital and the business cycle: A Bayesian evaluation
Authors: Johri Alok , Karimzada Muhebullah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe incorporate shocks to the efficiency with which firms learn from production activity and accumulate knowledge into an otherwise standard real DSGE model with imperfect competition. Using real aggregate data and Bayesian inference techniques, we find that learning efficiency shocks are an important source of observed variation in the growth rate of aggregate output, investment, consumption and especially hours worked in post‐war US data. The estimated shock processes suggest much less exogenous variation in preferences and total factor productivity are needed by our model to account for the joint dynamics of consumption and hours. This occurs because learning efficiency shocks induce shifts in labour demand uncorrelated with current total factor productivity (TFP), a role usually played by preference shocks that shift labour supply. At the same time, knowledge capital acts like an endogenous source of productivity variation in the model. Measures of model fit prefer the specification with learning efficiency shocks. The results are robust to the addition of many observables and shocks.
“Who has my back?”: Social convoys and loneliness in Slovenian adolescents living in residential youth care group homes
Authors: Kristan Nika , Marovič Mateja , Kavčič Tina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdolescents living in residential youth care (RYC) are at risk for disadvantaged social relationships, which in turn present a risk factor for increased loneliness. Social relationships of Slovenian adolescents aged 15–18 years and living in RYC group homes (N = 51) or in their primary families (N = 100) were investigated by relying on the social convoy framework. The participants also provided self‐reports on the Revised UCLA Loneliness scale. Results revealed substantial differences between the two groups of adolescents in the structure (number of members, frequency of contact), function (perceived support) and quality (satisfaction with relationships) of their social convoys reflecting less favourable social relationships among RYC youth compared to the general population youth. These differences were especially noticeable regarding their relationships with parents. Furthermore, the RYC youth listed educational workers as members of their social convoys more often, underscoring the important role of RYC staff. Unexpectedly, the two groups of adolescents did not differ in their reports of subjectively experienced loneliness. Nonetheless, the quantitative and even more so the qualitative characteristics of adolescents' social convoys correlated with feelings of loneliness, highlighting the protective role of supportive social relationships.
R&D investment decisions in business groups: Evidence from a natural experiment
Authors: Choi Daewoung , Choi Seungho , Gam Yong Kyu , Shin Hojong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThis paper examines R&D investment decisions in firms under a pyramidal ownership structure in the context of South Korea.Research Findings/InsightsUsing the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act, which places limits on group affiliates' equity investments, we provide new evidence that controlling owners tend to increase long‐term R&D expenditures more in firms that are largely subject to the equity investment regulation in South Korea. Moreover, this result is more significant for firms for which the owners have low cash‐flow rights, firms located in the lower layers of the pyramid, and firms that hold less equity shares than do other group affiliates.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study contributes to the literature that focuses on R&D investment decisions by providing empirical support regarding how firms' relative status within their business group influences the firms' R&D investment decisions in South Korea.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study provides important insight into the positive policy implications of the equity investment regulation on R&D investments for Korean business groups.
Outcomes after lung transplantation in recipients aged 70 years or older
Authors: Olson Michael T. , Elnahas Shaimaa , Biswas Roy Sreeja , Razia Deepika , Kang Paul , Bremner Ross M. , Smith Michael A. , Arjuna Ashwini , Walia Rajat 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe proportion of lung transplant (LTx) recipients older than 70 years is increasing, thus we assessed long‐term survival after LTx in this cohort relative to younger counterparts.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed charts of patients who underwent LTx between 2012 and 2016 at our center and divided patients by age: group A (<65 years), B (65–69 years), and C (≥70 years). Survival statistics were evaluated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression.ResultsThe study included 375 LTx recipients: 221 (58.9%) in group A, 109 (29.1%) in group B, and 45 (12.0%) in group C. Group C was mostly men (37/45 [82.2%]; P = 0.003) and had the highest mean serum creatinine at listing (P = 0.02). Survival at 1, 3, and 5 years after transplant in group A (93.2%, 70.1%, 58.8%) was significantly higher than group B (83.5%, 59.6%, 44.0%; P = 0.005, 0.028, 0.006, log‐rank test) and was similar to group C (86.7%, 64.4%, 57.8%), although trended higher at 1 year (P = 0.139, 0.274, 0.489, log‐rank test). Groups B and C had comparable survival at all time points.ConclusionsAlthough survival decreased after age 65, long‐term survival was comparable between LTx recipients aged 65–69 years and recipients ≥70 years.
Abdominal wall complications after kidney transplantation: A clinical review
Authors: Gioco Rossella , Sanfilippo Claudio , Veroux Pierfrancesco , Corona Daniela , Privitera Francesca , Brolese Alberto , Ciarleglio Francesco , Volpicelli Alessio , Veroux Massimiliano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionAbdominal wall complications are common after kidney transplantation, and although they have a minor impact on patient and graft survival, they increase the patient's morbidity and may have an impact on quality of life. Abdominal wall complications have an overall incidence of 7.7–21%.MethodsThis review will explore the natural history of abdominal wall complications in the kidney transplant setting, with a special focus on wound dehiscence and incisional herni, with a particular emphasis on risk factors, clinical characteristics, and treatment.ResultsMany patient‐related risk factors have been suggested, including older age, obesity, and smoking, but kidney transplant recipients have an additional risk related to the use of immunosuppression. Wound dehiscence usually does not require surgical intervention. However, for deep dehiscence involving the fascial layer with concomitant infection, surgical treatment and/or negative pressure wound therapy may be required.ConclusionsIncisional hernia (IH) may affect 1.1–18% of kidney transplant recipients. Most patients require surgical treatment, either open or laparoscopic. Mesh repair is considered the gold standard for the treatment of IH, since it is associated with a low rate of postoperative complications and an acceptable rate of recurrence. Biologic mesh could be an attractive alternative in patients with graft exposition or infection.
Hepatitis C eradication improves cognitive function in patients with or without cirrhosis: A prospective real‐life study
Authors: Ibáñez‐Samaniego Luis , Rapado‐Castro Marta , Cabrero Lucia , Navarrete Cristina , García‐Mulas Seila , Ahumada Adriana , Marquez Laura , Pérez Maria Dolores , Rincon Diego , Bañares Rafael , Garcia‐Martinez Rita 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with neuropsychiatric disturbances that impact on functioning and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Reversibility at different liver disease stages is unknown, particularly in cirrhosis. We aimed to evaluate cognition, functioning, and HRQoL following HCV eradication at different liver disease stages.MethodsA random sample (n = 152) of consecutive patients treated with direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) between April 2015 and March 2017 were included. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, functioning and HRQoL questionnaires were applied at baseline, and 12 and 48 weeks after the end of antivirals.ResultsOne‐hundred thirty‐five patients who achieved virological response completed the follow‐up, of whom 44 had cirrhosis (27% decompensated). Twenty‐one percent had cognitive impairment before starting DAAs (34.1% cirrhotic vs. 14.4% noncirrhotic, p < 0.011). Viral eradication was associated with a decrease in cognitive impairment to 23% of cirrhotic and 6% of noncirrhotic patients (p < 0.05). Interestingly, older patients (B = 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.03–0.19) with baseline cognitive impairment (B = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.54–5.62) were those with higher cognitive benefit, regardless of liver disease. Persistent cognitive impairment was associated with having higher cardiovascular risk, cirrhosis, lower education, and higher anxiety and depression scores. Functioning and HRQoL also improved after eradication but remained worse in the cirrhotic group.ConclusionsViral eradication decreases the prevalence of cognitive impairment and improves functioning and HRQoL. Patients with lower brain reserve (older patients) and baseline cognitive impairment may benefit the most. Identification and treatment of HCV patients through screening programs may reduce the burden of cognitive disturbances beyond the prevention of liver disease progression.
All‐cause unplanned readmissions in the United States: insights from the Nationwide Readmission Database
Authors: Amritphale Amod , Fonarow Gregg C. , Amritphale Nupur , Omar Bassam , Crook Errol D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are few studies looking into adult, all‐cause and age‐group‐specific unplanned readmissions. The predictors of such unplanned readmissions for all inpatient encounters remain obscure.AimsTo describe the incidence and factors associated with unplanned readmissions in all inpatient encounters in the United States.MethodsThe US Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD) is a representative sample of hospitalisations in the United States (from approximately 28 states) accounting for approximately 60% of the US population. All inpatient encounters during January–November 2017 in the NRD were evaluated for the rates, predictors and costs of unplanned 30 days readmissions for age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–75 years and ≥75 years. Elective readmissions and those patients who died on their index hospitalisations were excluded. Weighted analysis was performed to obtain nationally representative data.ResultsWe identified 28 942 224 inpatient encounters with a total of 3 051 189 (10.5%) unplanned readmissions within 30 days. The age groups 18–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74 years and ≥75 years had 7.0%, 12.0%, 11.7% and 12.3% readmissions respectively. Female gender, private insurance and elective admissions were negative predictors for readmissions. For the group aged 18–44 years, schizophrenia and diabetes mellitus complications were the most frequent primary diagnosis for readmissions, while in all older age groups septicaemia and heart failure were the most frequent primary diagnosis for readmissions.ConclusionsThirty‐day unplanned readmissions are common in patients over age 45 years, leading to significant morbidity. Effective strategies for reducing unplanned readmission may help to improve quality of care, outcomes and higher value care.
Superior integrated field emission cathode with ultralow turn‐on field and high stability based on SiC nanocone arrays
Authors: Zhu Zhenyu , Sun Zihan , Zhou Shudong , Xu Shang , Li Xiaoxiao , Li Weijun , Wang Lin , Yang Weiyou , Gao Fengmei , Chen Shanliang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLow turn‐on field (Eto) and stable electron emission are two of key parameters for reliable application of field emission (FE) cathodes. In the present work, we developed a novel high‐performance integrated field emission cathode based on well‐aligned SiC nanocone arrays via an electrochemical etching approach. The etched SiC nanocone emitters and the underlying remaining SiC wafer are designed into a single‐crystalline integrated architecture without interfaces, which favors cathodes with a sturdy configuration to resist Joule heat during long period electron emission process and structural failure caused by the existed strong electrostatic forces. Accordingly, the Eto of the integrated SiC cathode is reduced to 0.32 V/μm, which is the lowest value among all the previously reported SiC nanostructured emitters. In addition, the integrated cathode presented superior stability with an electron emission fluctuation of 3.3% over 10 h. This work provides a new perspective for designing and fabricating advanced FE cathodes for further promising applications in harsh working conditions with high performance.
Experiences of children (ages 6–12) during COVID‐19 pandemic from mothers' perspectives
Authors: Akın Işık Rabiye , Bora Güneş Nebahat , Kaya Yunus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the experiences of children between ages 6 and 12 based on their mothers' perspectives during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsTen mothers living in Ankara, Turkey with children in the aforementioned age range, participated in this study. Data were collected through focus group interview with a qualitative phenomenological approach followed by thematic data analysis.FindingsThree categories were obtained relating to the pandemic, including negative effects, positive effects, and the resultant needs and expectations of parents.ConclusionThe findings show that the pandemic has significantly affected children in psychological, social, developmental, and academic realms. Therefore, it is necessary to plan interventions with a multidisciplinary approach to increase children's physical and psychosocial health, minimizing children's level of negative influences.