bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of topical interventions for the management of odour in patients with chronic wounds or malignant fungating wounds: a study protocol
Authors: Butler Karen , Vellinga Akke , Ivory John D. , Cunningham Stephen , Joshi Lokesh , Oommen Anup , Sezgin Duygu , Carr Peter , Gethin Georgina 
Published: November 2021

Background: Chronic wounds including venous, arterial, diabetic and pressure ulcers affect up to 2.21 per 1000 population. Malignant fungating wounds affect up to 6.6% of oncology patients. These wounds impact patients and health care systems significantly. Microbes colonising chronic wounds can produce volatile molecules with unpleasant odours. Wound odour adversely affects quality of life, yet management strategies are inconsistent. Clinicians express uncertainty regarding the current range of odour management agents, which therefore requires evaluation for effectiveness. Objective: To determine the effects of topical agents in the management of odour in patients with chronic and malignant fungating wounds. Methods: Searches of Embase, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the clinicaltrials.gov and WudracT trial registries from inception to present will be conducted without language limits. Randomised controlled trials including adults with venous, arterial, mixed arterio-venous, diabetic, decubitus or malignant fungating wounds, investigating topical agents to manage odour are eligible. Reference lists of included studies and identified systematic reviews will be scanned, and unpublished studies will be sought in the BASE database, in conference proceedings and through contacting authors. Two reviewers will independently scan titles/abstracts and full text articles against predetermined eligibility criteria, with discrepancies resolved by discussion between reviewers or through third-party intervention. Two reviewers will independently extract data from included studies. Disagreements will be resolved by discussion between reviewers or through third-party intervention. Bias risk and evidence quality will be assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2 and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) system. Meta-analysis will be applied where appropriate. Otherwise, data will be synthesised narratively. Discussion: Wound odour management typically takes a trial-and-error approach. Clinicians are critical of odour management agent effectiveness. This review will evaluate the range of available agents to inform practice and research. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021267668 (14/08/2021)
Protocol for the development of a core outcome set for evaluating mixed-diagnosis falls prevention interventions for people with Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s Disease and stroke
Authors: O'Malley Nicola , Coote Susan , Clifford Amanda M 
Published: November 2021

Background: Given the high incidence of falls and their associated negative effects, the development of effective falls prevention interventions for people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and stroke is a priority. Currently the implementation of condition-specific falls prevention interventions is challenging in the community due to lack of participants and resources. Given the similarities in falls risk factors across stroke, PD and MS, the design of mixed-diagnosis interventions for groups comprising of people with these three neurological conditions may solve these implementation challenges. Having a core outcome set (COS) for evaluating these interventions would enable the comparison and combination of data, thereby facilitating progress in this research area. Therefore, the aim of this research study is to develop a COS for evaluating mixed-diagnosis falls prevention interventions for people with MS, PD and stroke. Methods: This will be a mixed-methods, international, multi-perspective Delphi consensus study with five stages. Stage one will involve the identification of potential outcomes through a systematic literature search, patient focus groups, and consultation with our Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) panel. The second stage will be the development of the Delphi survey using the outcomes elicited from stage one. Stage three will be the prioritisation of outcomes using a two-round online Delphi survey involving patients, clinicians, researchers and policy-makers/service-planners. The fourth stage will be to identify and recommend outcome measures and definitions. The final stage will be a consensus meeting with representatives from each stakeholder group to agree upon the final COS. Discussion: Adoption of this COS in future trials investigating the effectiveness of mixed-diagnosis falls prevention interventions for people with MS, PD and stroke will facilitate the comparison and combination of research findings. This should translate into improved decision-making by service-planners/policy-makers and clinicians regarding the implementation of evidence-based falls prevention interventions into practice.
Hydrothermal carbonization as an alternative sanitation technology: process optimization and development of low-cost reactor
Authors: Chung Jae Wook , Gerner Gabriel , Ovsyannikova Ekaterina , Treichler Alexander , Baier Urs , Libra Judy , Krebs Rolf 
Published: November 2021

Background: The provision of safe sanitation services is essential for human well-being and environmental integrity, but it is often lacking in less developed communities with insufficient financial and technical resources. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been suggested as an alternative sanitation technology, producing value-added products from faecal waste. We evaluated the HTC technology for raw human waste treatment in terms of resource recovery. In addition, we constructed and tested a low-cost HTC reactor for its technical feasibility. Methods: Raw human faeces were hydrothermally treated in a mild severity range (≤ 200 °C and ≤ 1 hr). The total energy recovery was analysed from the energy input, higher heating value (HHV) of hydrochar and biomethane potential of process water. The nutrient contents were recovered through struvite precipitation employing process water and acid leachate from hydrochar ash. A bench-scale low-cost reactor (BLR) was developed using widely available materials and tested for human faeces treatment. Results: The hydrochar had HHVs (23.2 - 25.2 MJ/kg) comparable to bituminous coal. The calorific value of hydrochar accounted for more than 90% of the total energy recovery. Around 78% of phosphorus in feedstock was retained in hydrochar ash, while 15% was in process water. 72% of the initial phosphorus can be recovered as struvite when deficient Mg and NH4 are supplemented. The experiments with BLR showed stable operation for faecal waste treatment with an energy efficiency comparable to a commercial reactor system. Conclusions: This research presents a proof of concept for the hydrothermal treatment of faecal waste as an alternative sanitation technology, by providing a quantitative evaluation of the resource recovery of energy and nutrients. The experiments with the BLR demonstrate the technical feasibility of the low-cost reactor and support its further development on a larger scale to reach practical implementation.
Desmoid tumor of the abdominal wall: Case report
Authors: Danilo Leite da Silva Rocha Kaio , Hugo Melo Carvalho Victor , Ivo Martins Cidade Pedro , Sávio Soares Macedo Allan , Fernandes Peixoto Furtado Maria Isabel , Carvalho Bezerra de Brito Vieira Lívia 
Published: November 2021

Tumores desmoides extra-abdominais são uma condição rara causada pela proliferação de fibroblastos e baixo índice mitótico. O diagnóstico baseia-se na história clínica, exame físico, método de imagem, exame citopatológico e/ou histopatológico, além de imuno-histoquímica. É descrito um caso de tumor desmoide de grandes proporções localizado na parede abdominal em uma paciente de 18 anos, sem comorbidades que deu entrada no Hospital Regional do Cariri (HRC) com queixas de dores abdominais intensas, sangramento vaginal e dificuldade de evacuação. O estudo imuno-histoquímico revelou expressão nuclear para β-catenina, portanto, os achados foram consistentes com fibromatose do tipo desmoide. O tratamento cirúrgico consistiu na ressecção do tumor com margem segura. Seguiu-se o fechamento do defeito da parede abdominal com tela laminada flexível, e construção de neoumbigo. Houve boa recuperação e a evolução do caso será acompanhada de prevenção de recidiva.

Palavras-chave: Fibromatose agressiva/cirurgia; Parede abdominal; fibromatose abdominal.
Overview Perkembangan Pemanfaatan Energi Primer Gas Bumi Di Indonesia
Authors: Tampubolon Aron Pangihutan Christian , Kiono Berkah Fajar Tamtomo 
Published: November 2021

Gas bumi merupakan salah satu energi primer di Indonesia yang memiliki berbagai peranan baik di sektor industri maupun rumah tangga. Gas bumi masih dipandang energi yang lebih bersih dan kompetitif bila dibandingkan dengan energi fosil lainnya namun terdapat sejumlah tantangan untuk mencapai target bauran energi primer gas bumi. Tantangan Indonesia masih memiliki cadangan gas bumi sebesar 77,29 TSCF pada tahun 2019 atau potensi cadangan berjangka waktu 29 tahun berdasarkan production to reserve ratio. Potensi cadangan ini dinilai lebih kecil bila dibandingkan dengan sumber energi fosil lainnya seperti jangka waktu cadangan batubara sampai 82 tahun. Tantangan lainnya adalah persentase ekspor gas bumi yang masih tinggi, pembangunan infrastruktur pemanfaatan gas bumi serta tingkat partisipasi dalam aktivitas eksplorasi wilayah kerja cadangan gas bumi. Tantangan ini dapat dikelola dengan dukungan kebijakan pemerintah untuk peningkatan aktivitas eksplorasi, perbaikan tata kelola dan hilirisasi gas bumi, penekanan angka ekspor gas bumi dengan persiapan pengembangan infrastruktur penyerapan suplai gas bumi untuk kebutuhan domestik, serta koordinasi dengan semua pihak terkait untuk memastikan pemenuhan perizinan terutama izin lingkungan dan isu sosial. Pengembangan produk DME sebagai substitusi impor LPG juga dapat dilakukan untuk memaksimalkan penggunaan gas bumi domestik. Pada masa pandemi Covid-19, penurunan energi primer lain seperti minyak bumi dan batubara tentunya menjadi kesempatan untuk meningkatkan persentase bauran energi gas bumi mencapai 22%. Penurunan harga gas bumi selama masa pandemi yang mengakibatkan penurunan ekspor gas dapat menjadi kesempatan untuk memanfaatkan gas bumi bagi kebutuhan domestik.
Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis adhesion on implantable titanium used in odontology: a preliminary study
Authors: Tchinda Alex , Pierson Gaël , Chezeau Laetitia , Kouitat-Njiwa Richard , Rihn Bertrand Henri , Bravetti Pierre 
Published: November 2021

The study presented here aimed to assess the ability of Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis bacteria to adhere to and form biofilm on the structure of titanium used in implants. D. fairfieldensis was found in the periodontal pockets in the oral environment, indicating that these bacteria can colonize the implant-bone interface and consequently cause bone infection and implant corrosion. Plates of implantable titanium, of which surfaces were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, were immersed in several suspensions of D. fairfieldensis cells containing potassium nitrate on the one hand, and artificial saliva or a sulfato-reducing bacterial culture medium on the other hand. Following various incubation timepoints bacteria were counted in different media to determine their doubling time and titanium samples are checked for and determination of the total number of adhered bacteria and biofilm formation. Adhesion of D. fairfieldensis on titanium occurs at rates ranging from 2.105 to 4.6.106 bacteria h-1cm-2 in the first 18 h of incubation on both native and implantable titanium samples. Following that time, the increase in cell numbers per h and cm2 is attributed to growth in adhered bacteria. After 30 days of incubation in a nutrient-rich medium, dense biofilms are observed forming on the implant surface where bacteria became embedded in a layer of polymers D. fairfieldensis is able of adhering to an implantable titanium surface in order to form a biofilm. Further studies are still necessary, however, to assess whether this adhesion still occurs in an environment containing saliva or serum proteins that may alter the implant surface.
Bacterial factors of mastitis in lactating women and its effect on the physical properties and chemical composition of breast milk
Authors: Shuyang Xu , Qiang Yu 
Published: November 2021

Mastitis is a complication seen in some breastfeeding mothers and is the most common inflammatory lesion of the breast in breastfeeding mothers. In this complication, breast milk undergoes chemical and physical changes. It can lead to a drop in breastfeeding, weight loss, and, consequently, stunted growth of infants. Bacteria are the main cause of breast inflammation. Therefore, in this study, bacterial factors of mastitis were evaluated in lactating women. Also, their effects were considered on the physical properties and chemical composition of mothers' breast milk. For this purpose, 210 breastfeeding mothers referred to health centers were randomly selected, and their milk samples were collected. In addition to collecting mothers' demographic information by a questionnaire, the chemical composition (sugar, protein, and fat) and the physical properties (pH, density, and freezing temperature) of milk were measured. Bacterial evaluations were performed on the milk of these mothers by catalase test, coagulase test, and mannitol salt agar. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, and T-test. The results showed that 56 mothers had mastitis, and Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the main bacteria in the milk of these mastitis mothers. These bacteria caused physical and chemical changes in breast milk so that mothers with Staphylococcus aureus mastitis had less sugar in their milk, and mothers with coagulase-negative staphylococci had less protein in their milk. Therefore, Staphylococcus aureus may reduce milk sugar by consuming milk sugar, and coagulase-negative staphylococci may also target milk protein. But to confirm these results, a larger population of mothers with mastitis is needed. Further studies are also needed to prove this result.
Femtosecond lasers for eye surgery applications: historical overview and modern low pulse energy concepts
Authors: Asshauer Thomas , Latz Catharina , Mirshahi Alireza , Rathjen Christian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This review provides an overview of the historical development and modern applications of femtosecond (fs) lasers in ophthalmology, with a focus on the optical concepts involved. fs-Laser technology is unique because it allows very precise cutting inside the eye through optically transparent tissue, without a need for any mechanical openings. fs-Lasers were historically first used for refractive cornea surgery, later also for therapeutic cornea procedures and lens surgery. Further new areas of ophthalmic application are under development. The latest laser system concept is low pulse energy and high pulse frequency: by using larger numerical aperture focusing optics, the pulse energy required for optical breakdown decreases, and athermal tissue cutting with minimal side effects is enabled.
Cobb-Douglas Preferences and Pollution in a Bilateral Oligopoly Market
Authors: Kabré Anicet B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate how pollution changes with preferences, focusing on a finite bilateral oligopoly model where agents have asymmetric Cobb-Douglas preferences. Producers are also consumers and the choice of heterogeneous preferences is related to the psychological foundations and identity aspects of group membership. We compare two strategic equilibria: the Stackelberg-Cournot equilibrium with pollution (SCEP) and the Cournot equilibrium with pollution (CEP). We show that considering the asymmetric preferences helps the public decision-maker to identify precisely the category of agents (consumer–producers or pure-consumers) for which a change in environmental preference parameters will most effectively reduce pollution. Furthermore, we find that firms’ emissions’ elasticity decreases with market power (when the market power increases) if their marginal cost is lower than their competitor. Finally, we show that when producers are also consumers, an action on pure-consumers’ preference parameters reduces more emissions than a similar action on consumer–producers, and this regardless of the timing of interaction.
EU Governments Must not Return to Their Dysfunctional Fiscal Rules
Authors: Truger Achim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fiscal rules such as the European Stability and Growth Pact and the German debt brake have been suspended in the Covid19-pandemic in order to provide emergency measures and to overcome the crisis. Now, the controversial debate is back again: When should governments return to fiscal rules? Should they return to fiscal rules, at all? This article argues that it is not so much a question whether governments should return to fiscal rules at all, but to which kind of rules they should return. Following the deficit bias argument and the need for fiscal policy coordination in a monetary union some kind of limitation for government debt and some kind of fiscal rules may easily be justified. However, that does not mean that governments should return exactly to the previously existing rules, because these are economically flawed. Recently the argument for reform has become even stronger due to new empirical evidence about the macroeconomic effectivity of fiscal policy, the experience of the dysfunctionality of the existing rules during the Euro crisis and the fact that the cost of public debt has been reduced dramatically because of persistently low if not negative nominal interest rates.
MODAL SOSIAL KOMUNITAS DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI PURNA PEKERJA MIGRAN PEREMPUAN
Authors: Rofiuddin Arif , Ruwaida Ida 
Published: November 2021

Abstract: This study aims to determine the empowerment carried out by the community in increasing the economic and social capacity of former female migrant workers. The research design used was descriptive qualitative. The research instruments included interview guides, observation guidelines and documentation. The results showed that the empowerment carried out by the community in increasing economic capacity had progressed and increased compared to before. The community here has social capital in the form of a social network in the social sphere to increase economic assets for former female migrant workers. Social capital itself has the power to capitalize social relations, including values, social networks and trust to obtain economic and social benefits.Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemberdayaan yang dilakukan komunitas dalam meningkatkan kemampuan ekonomi dan social para mantan buruh migran perempuan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif.Instrumen penelitian meliputi pedoman wawancara, pedoman observasi dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukan pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh komunitas dalam meningkatkan kemampuan ekonomi mengalami kemajuan dan peningkatan dibandingkan sebelumnya. Komunitas disini memiliki modal sosial yang berupa jaringan social dalam lingkup social untuk menaikan asset ekonomi bagi para mantan buruh migran perempuan. Modal social sendiri memiliki kekuatan dalam mengkapitalisasiakn relasi-relasi social, mencakup nilai-norma, jaringan social dan kepercayaan untuk memperoleh keuntungan ekonomi dan social.
Thermal modes of operation of power-current contact of electric transport during conduct of bench tests
Authors: Mukha А.М. , Ustymenko D.V. , Diab Mohammad Al Said Ahmad 
Published: November 2021

Purpose. Analysis of the results of bench tests of sliding electrical contacts of electric vehicles, in order to determine the thermal regime of the sliding contact.
Methodology. The initial data were obtained during field experiments on a specialized stand in the laboratory, which were carried out to determine the wear of the contact wire inserts of different types for pantographs of electro-rolling stock of railways. To determine the contact wire temperature at the place of sliding contact, a non-destructive non-contact method of control using a thermal imager was used.
Findings. During the experimental part of the research, the thermal imaging photographs were obtained, they recorded the temperatures at the place of sliding contact between the insert of the pantograph of the electric rolling stock and the contact wire installed on the test disk. These temperature values were recorded with a certain time interval, which allowed to build the dependences of changes in thermal regime over time, to determine the heating time constant of the "insert-contact wire" of the test bench and to obtain the final temperature value at the end of tests. Accepting the insert sample in which the minimum temperature in the area of sliding contact is as a reference, it becomes possible by the value of the temperature of the contact wire in the area of sliding contact to predict the final test result of other types of pads.
Originality. Indicators of temperature modes of sliding contact of electric vehicles during bench tests are obtained for the first time, the proposed relative temperature indicator allows to predict the results of bench tests of qualitative indicators of sliding contact of electric vehicles..
Practical value. Bench tests of inserts of current collectors of electric vehicles are a long procedure, the normative indicator of the number of passes of the current collector on the stand is equal to 500 thousand passes, which requires significant expenditure of time, energy, human resources and others. The indicators proposed according to the test results, namely the heating time constant and the relative temperature index, allow to carry out two-stage tests. At the first stage, with a duration of 10 thousand revolutions of the test bench disk, the proposed indicators are determined and compared with the corresponding reference, in case of their compliance it becomes possible to predict the final test result as successful (contact wire wear less than normal) or unsuccessful. In the latter case, the need for the second stage of testing up to 500 thousand revolutions is questionable, because the end result will be negative, and the significant resources will be involved in the test, and therefore these tests are impractical.
Fetal Personhood and Voice in Medieval French Literature
Authors: Singer Julie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis essay examines medieval French literary representations of fetal speech and proposes a new understanding of medieval conceptions of personhood. Placing passages from theRoman de Fauvel,Histoire de Marie et de Jésus,Pelerinage de Jhesucrist, andTristan de Nanteuilin conversation with elements of thirteenth-century theological, encyclopedic, and scientific discourses, as well as with contemporary sound studies and theories of the voice, this essay shows that emergent human personhood is constructed in medieval texts as an audible social phenomenon. Medieval personhood is a notion reliant on sound and speech, and thus on the presence of an audience: a person is a composite of body and soul occupying a social and vocalic space shared with other persons. This relational understanding allows for a redefinition of personhood: not as a quality originating at a fixed point in human development but as a social and sensory experience.