bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Susceptibility of Talaromyces Marneffei In Malaysia: Comparison of Yeast and Mycelial Phases
Authors: Tan Xue Ting , Shuhairi Nurliyana binti Mohd , Ginsapu Stephanie Jane , Shukor Surianti Binti , Amran Fairuz Binti 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei is an etiologic agent of talaromycosis. It can cause serious complications and death in immunocompromised patients, particularly in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. This infectious disease is endemic in Southeast Asia including Malaysia. To date, published reports on the antifungal susceptibility profile of T. marneffei is very limited. The objective of this study is to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of T. marneffei in yeast and mycelial phases in Malaysia. In the year 2020, 27 clinical strains of T. marneffei were received from various hospitals in Malaysia. The identification was carried out using microscopic, macroscopic and molecular methods. Following that, the susceptibility of each isolate in both yeast and mycelial form to thirteen common antifungals was performed according to the broth microdilution in Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38 method. The antifungals tested were anidulafungin, micafungin sodium, caspofungin diacetate, 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B and terbinafine hydrochloride, posaconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, ravuconazole, clotrimazole and isavuconazole. The geometric mean of all antifungals other than anidulafungin, micafungin sodium, caspofungin diacetate and 5-fluorocytosine against T. marneffei mould (mycelial) were >2 μg/ml. However, the geometric mean of all antifungals against T. marneffei yeast was <2 μg/ml. Our in vitro data suggests promising activities of amphotericin B, terbinafine hydrochloride, posaconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, ravuconazole, clotrimazole and isavuconazole against yeast and mould phases of T. marneffei.
Writing And Reading With The Longitudinal Component of Light Using Carbazole-Containing Azopolymer Thin Films
Authors: Porfirev Alexey , Khonina Svetlana , Ivliev Nikolay , Meshalkin Alexei , Achimova Elena , Forbes Andrew 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It is well known that azobenzene-containing polymers (azopolymers) are sensitive to the polarization orientation of the illuminating radiation, with the resulting photoisomerization inducing material transfer at both the meso-and macroscale. As a result, azopolymers are efficient and versatile photonic materials, for example, they used for the fabrication of linear diffraction gratings, including subwavelength gratings, microlens arrays, and spectral filters. Here we propose to use carbazole-containing azopolymer thin films to directly visualize the longitudinal component of the incident laser beam, a crucial task for the realization of 3D structured light yet remaining experimentally challenging. We demonstrate the approach on both scalar and vectorial states of structured light, including higher-order and hybrid cylindrical vector beams. In addition to detection, our results confirm that carbazole-containing azopolymers are a powerful tool material engineering with the longitudinal component of the electric field, particularly to fabricate microstructures with unusual morphologies that differentiate from the total intensity distribution of the writing laser beam.
Epidemiology, Incidence and Trend of Injuries in Iran: A National Study
Authors: Akbari Hossein , Mahdian Mehrdad , Motalebi Masoud , Asgarian Fatemeh Sadat 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Injuries are one of the well-known leading causes of disability and mortality in all societies. This study aims to determine the incidence and trend of injuries and their epidemiologic characteristics in Iran.Methods: In a cross sectional study, injuries fatality data from 2006 to 2016 were obtained from the registry of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (Iran) and analyzed to determine the epidemiological pattern of injuries. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Excel and statistical package of SPSS version 22 were used for data analysis. The P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The highest incidence of injuries was related to traffic injuries with 546.4 per 100000 populations, followed by trauma and falls from heights with 497.7 and 195.2 per 100000 population, respectively. The highest incidence of traffic injuries in Iran had occurred in the year 2011 with 628.1 per 100000 population.Conclusion: Regarding the high incidence of injuries, especially traffic crashes, traumas and falls the priorities for close monitoring of these injuries during the high-risk periods in order to decrease and control of the rate of the injuries strongly felt.
Application of Organic Amendments to Cadmium-contaminated Soils for Phytostabilization Potential by Dicotyledonous Bioenergy Crops
Authors: Taeprayoon Puntaree , Homyog Kunaporn , Meeinkuirt Weeradej 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Acacia (Acacia mangium), jatropha (Jatropha curcas), and cassava (Manihot esculenta) were cultivated in a greenhouse to see how organic amendments affected plant survival and accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in plant tissues. The study plants are bioenergy crops, which are advantageous to phytomanagement because they provide a significant economic benefit to local residents and farmers in the agricultural sector while also simultaneously reducing Cd entry into food webs through consumption. In this study, bone meal/bat manure and leonardite/bat manure were the key organic amendments that promoted the best growth performances in acacia (growth rate in dry biomass; GRDB 24.2) and cassava (GRDB 22.2), respectively, while jatropha preferred bone meal (GRDB 17.2). However, leonardite/bone meal considerably reduced Cd uptake values in whole plant tissues of acacia and cassava (35 mg plant-1 and 119.1 mg plant-1, respectively), while bone meal/chicken manure greatly reduced Cd uptake values in jatropha (127.8 mg plant-1). Cassava is a Cd excluder; however, it may not be a useful bioenergy crop to cultivate in Cd soil because it displayed toxicity symptoms after harvesting. The best plant for phytomanagement in this study was jatropha, which demonstrated substantial growth biomass and Cd accumulation, followed by acacia.
Application Analysis of Omental Flap Isolation and Modified Pancreaticojejunostomy in Pancreaticoduodenectomy (175 Cases)
Authors: Deng Shun , Luo Jianhong , Ouyang Yongzhong , Xie Jiangbo , He Zhuo , Huang Bo , Bai Fei , Xiao Ke , Yin Bin , Wang Jinfeng , Xu Biaoming , Zuo Chaohui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: To explore the application value of free omentum wrapping and modified pancreaticojejunostomy in pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods: The clinical data of 175 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into 86 cases in group A (omental wrapping and modified pancreaticojejunostomy) and 89 cases in group B (control group). The incidence of pancreatic fistula and other related complications, inflammatory factors and survival rate were compared between the two groups.Results: The incidences of B/C pancreatic fistula, bile leakage, delayed bleeding, and reoperation in group A were lower than those in group B, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The free omentum wrapping isolation and the modified pancreaticojejunostomy group drainage tube extubation time, open diet time and postoperative hospital stay were earlier than the control group (P <0.05). There were also statistically significant differences in CRP, IL-6, PCT inflammatory factors 1, 3, and 7 days after surgery as well as in postoperative survival rate.Univariate analysis showed that BMI, pancreatic duct diameter, greater omental flap isolation and modified pancreaticojejunostomy were related to the occurrence of pancreatic fistula after PD. Multivariate analysis showed that BMI≥24, pancreatic duct diameter less than 3mm, no greater omental flap isolation method and modified pancreaticojejunostomy were independent risk factors for pancreatic fistula (P<0.05).Conclusions: Wrapping and isolating with free greater omentum plus modified pancreaticojejunostomy can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula and related complications, inhibit the development of inflammation, and is conducive to the prognosis.
Coverage Prediction for Target Coverage in WSN Using Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Chaturvedi Pooja , Daniel Ajai Kumar , Narayan Vipul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Mathematical programming techniques are widely used in the determination of optimal functional configuration of a wireless sensor network (WSN). But these techniques have usually high computational complexity and are often considered as Non Polynomial (NP) complete problems. Therefore, machine learning (ML) techniques can be utilized for the prediction of the WSN parameters with high accuracy and lesser computational complexity than the mathematical programming techniques. This paper focuses on developing the prediction model for determination of the node status to be included in the set cover based on the coverage probability and trust values of the nodes. The set covers are defined as the subset of nodes which are scheduled to monitor the region of interest with the desired coverage level. Several machine learning techniques have been used to determine the node activation status based on which the set covers are obtained. The results show that the random forest based prediction model yields the highest accuracy for the considered network setting.
Baicalein Attenuates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Survival and Induces Apoptosis Through the miR‑3178/HDAC10 pathway
Authors: Qi Junan , Li Jun , Bie Beibei , Shi Mengjiao , Zhu Mengchen , Tian Jing , Zhu Kai , Sun Jin , Mu Yanhua , Li Zongfang , Guo Ying 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of hepatic malignancies with high mortality and poor prognosis and is the third most common cause of malignancies death worldwide which is more than 700,000 deaths per year. Baicalein, one of the major and bioactive flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which is reported to have anti-proliferation effect in varying cancers, including HCC, whose underlying molecular mechanism is still largely unknown. In this study, the results showed that administration of baicalein significantly inhibited proliferation and colony formation, blocked cell cycle arrest at the S phase, and promoted apoptosis in HCC cells MHCC-97H and SMMC-7721 in vitro and reduced HCC tumor volume and weight in vivo. Increased microRNA (miR)‑3178 levels and decreased histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) expression were found in cells treated with baicalein and in patients’ HCC tissues. HDAC10 was identified as a target gene of miR‑3178 by luciferase activity and western blot. Both baicalein treatment and overexpression of miR-3178 could down-regulate protein expression of HDAC10 and inactivated AKT, MDM2/p53/Bcl2/Bax and FoxO3α/p27/CDK2/Cyclin E1 signal pathways. Not only that, knockdown of miR‑3178 could partly abolish the effects of baicalein and the restoration of HDAC10 could abated miR-3178-mediated role in HCC cells. Collectively, baicalein inhibited cell viability, blocks cell cycle and induces apoptosis in HCC cells by regulating the miR‑3178/HDAC10 pathway. This finding indicated that baicalein might be promising for treatment of HCC.
Prognostic Role of Ngal In Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Bhardwaj Anubhuti , Chaurasia Ajeet Kumar , Gupta Poonam , Narain Upma , Gupta Arvind 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently encountered outcome in critically ill patients, accounting for increased mortality. Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been of paramount importance as a novel biomarker of AKI. This study is an attempt to assess the use of NGAL in critically ill patients so that timely interventions can be done to reduce morbidity and mortality in such patients.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at SRN Hospital from August 1st 2020 to March 15th 2021, which included only critically ill patients with SOFA score>1 and requiring ICU admission. Patients of known renal diseases were excluded from the study. Blood as well as urinary samples for NGAL and other laboratory parameters were collected within 8 hours of admission. Patients who developed renal dysfunction were noted as our cases and the others were noted as controls. Results: The study was done on 125 patients, out of which 67 developed AKI while 58 did not develop AKI. Higher mortality was seen in patients with higher stage of AKI (P- 0.011). The cutoff of serum and urinary NGAL for predicting AKI were >42.3 ng/mL, >40.5 ng/mL respectively (P value <0.001). Hazard Ratio for all cause mortality of raised serum and urinary NGAL was 2.0062 (p value- 0.0001, 95% CI-1.0031 to 1.0092) and 2.0046 (p value-0.0035, 95% CI-1.0015 to 1.0078) respectively. Serum and urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin at values >91 and >131 respectively were found to predict requirement of hemodialysis (p value<0.001).Conclusion: A single measurement of NGAL at the time of admission had good predictive ability for AKI. Higher values of NGAL were associated with staging of AKI and thus, correlated with need of hemodialysis. Furthermore, mortality was found to be associated with development of AKI and raised NGAL. Thus, NGAL maybe used to assess the prognosis of ICU patients so that patients at high risk may be managed aggressively, thus reducing mortality.
Changes in limiting factors for forager population dynamics in Europe across the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition
Authors: Ordonez Alejandro , Riede Felix 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Population dynamics set the framework for human genetic and cultural evolution. For foragers, demographic and environmental changes correlate strongly, although the causal relations between different environmental variables and human responses through time and space likely varied. Building on the notion of limiting factors, namely that the scarcest resource regulates population size, we present a statistical approach to identify the dominant climatic constraints for hunter-gatherer population densities and then hindcast their changing dynamics in Europe for the period between 20kyBP to 8kyBP. Limiting factors shifted from temperature-related variables during the Pleistocene to a regional mosaic of limiting factors in the Holocene. This spatiotemporal variation suggests that hunter-gatherers needed to overcome very different adaptive challenges in different parts of Europe, and that these challenges vary over time. The signatures of these changing adaptations may be visible archaeologically. In addition, the spatial disaggregation of limiting factors from the Pleistocene to the Holocene coincides with and may partly explain the diversification of the cultural geography at this time.
Sensitivity of A Frequency-Based Alignment-Free Approach For Phylogeny Rreconstruction.
Authors: Hrytsenko Yana , Daniels Noah M. , Schwartz Rachel S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Phylogenies enrich our understanding of how genes, genomes, and species evolve. Traditionally, alignment-based methods are used to construct phylogenies from genetic sequence data; however, this process can be time-consuming when analyzing the large amounts of genomic data available today. Additionally, these analyses face challenges due to differences in genome structure, synteny, and the need to identify similarities in the face of repeated substitutions resulting in loss of phylogenetic information contained in the sequence. Alignment Free (AF) approaches using k-mers (short subsequences) can be an efficient alternative due to their indifference to positional rearrangements in a sequence. However, these approaches may be sensitive to k-mer length and the distance between samples.Results: In this paper, we analyzed the sensitivity of an AF approach based on k-mer frequencies to these challenges using cosine and Euclidean distance metrics for both assembled genomes and unassembled sequencing reads. Quantification of the sensitivity of this AF approach for phylogeny reconstruction to branch length and k-mer length provides a better understanding of the necessary parameter ranges for accurate phylogeny reconstruction. Our results show that a frequency-based AF approach can result in accurate phylogeny reconstruction when using whole genomes, but not stochastically sequenced reads, so long as longer k-mers are used. Conclusions: In this study, we have shown an AF approach for phylogeny reconstruction is robust in analyzing assembled genome data for a range of numbers of substitutions using longer k-mers. Using simulated reads randomly selected from the genome by the Illumina sequencer had a detrimental effect on phylogeny estimation. Additionally, filtering out infrequent k-mers improved the computational efficiency of the method while preserving the accuracy of the results thus suggesting the feasibility of using only a subset of data to improve computational efficiency in cases where large sets of genome-scale data are analyzed.
The use of vagal manoeuvres in narrow complex tachyarrhythmias in primary care
Authors: Murphy Shane , Torlutter Michele 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Supraventricular tachydysrhythmias (SVTs) are a common presenting complaint, with a national prevalence of 3/1000 persons. Whilst most commonly stable, prolonged paroxysms can deteriorate into haemodynamically unstable subtypes or ventricular dysrhythmias. Early recognition with appropriate management is critical to reducing the morbidity associated with this condition. The American Heart Association holds that vagal manoeuvres are a first-line therapy in the management algorithm of stable SVTs. However, they state that no clear recommendations can be made around which manoeuvre to use, highlighting that future research should examine the efficacy and safety profiles of the various manoeuvres. In the South African primary care setting, clinicians must be at the forefront of pragmatic management strategies in the face of resource limitations, such as the unavailability of adenosine – a second-line therapy when vagal manoeuvres fail. In this article, we begin with a case study and review the literature around vagal manoeuvres.
A Study of Fabricating Nano-W Colloid by Discharge Energy Enhancement of the micro-EDM System
Authors: Chang Chaur-Yang , Tseng Kuo-Hsiung , Chang Jui-Tsun , Chung Meng-Yun , Lin Zih-Yuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study enhanced the discharge energy of an existing micro-electric discharge machining (EDM) system to provide the system with the ability to prepare nano-tungsten (nano-W) colloid. The energy- enhanced EDM system, referred to as the upgraded-micro-EDM system, enables spark discharge using tungsten wires immersed in deionized water to produce nano-W colloids. Compared with the chemical preparation method, the processing environment for preparing colloids will not have nanoparticle escape in this study. Among the nano-W colloids prepared using the upgraded-micro-EDM system and an industrial EDM system, the colloid prepared by the upgraded-micro-EDM system exhibited more favorable absorbance, suspensibility, and particle size. The colloid prepared by the upgraded-micro-EDM system with the pulse on time and off time of 10–10 µs had an absorbance of 0.277 at the wavelength of 315 nm, ζ potential of −64.9 mV, and an average particle size of 164.9 nm. Transmission electron microscope imaging revealed the minimum particle size of approximately 11 nm, and the X-ray diffractometer spectrum verified that the colloid contained only \({\text{W}}_{2.00}\) and W nanoparticles. Relative to industrial EDM applications for nano-W colloid preparation, the upgraded system boasts lower costs and smaller size, and produces nano-W colloid with superior performance. These advantages contribute to the competitiveness of electrical spark discharge method in the preparation of high-quality nano-W colloids.
Active learning of reactive Bayesian force fields: Application to heterogeneous catalysis dynamics of H/Pt
Authors: Vandermause Jonathan , Xie Yu , Lim Jin Soo , Owen Cameron , Kozinsky Boris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Atomistic modeling of chemically reactive systems has so far relied on either expensive ab initio methods or bond-order force fields requiring arduous parametrization. Here, we describe a Bayesian active learning framework for autonomous ``on-the-fly'' training of fast and accurate reactive many-body force fields during molecular dynamics simulations. At each time step, predictive uncertainties of a sparse Gaussian process are evaluated to automatically determine whether additional ab initio training data are needed. We introduce a general method for mapping trained kernel models onto equivalent polynomial models whose prediction cost is much lower and independent of the training set size. As a demonstration, we perform direct two-phase simulations of heterogeneous H2 turnover on the Pt(111) catalyst surface, at chemical accuracy. The model trains itself in three days and performs at twice the speed of a ReaxFF model, while maintaining much higher fidelity to DFT and excellent agreement with experiment.
Subnational estimates of maternal mortality in Nigeria: Analysis of female siblings’ survivorship histories.
Authors: Babajide Opeyemi Oluwatosin , Akinyemi Joshua Odunayo , Ayeni Olusola 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND High Maternal Mortality (MM) in Nigeria is further complicated by the lack of reliable estimates for subnational levels such as states and geopolitical regions. Disaggregating maternal mortality estimates by subnational levels is crucial to ensuring policy decisions and program implementation are adapted to areas with a high burden of mortality. This study involves a novel adaptation of small area estimation techniques to derive plausible estimates of levels and trends in Maternal Mortality rates and ratios for states and geopolitical regions in Nigeria. METHODS. Survivorship history data of 293,769 female siblings were provided by 114,154 women in the Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys of 2008, 2013 and 2018. MM Rates and Ratios were estimated using the Empirical Bayesian technique for small area demographic estimates. The James-Stein estimator was used to shrink the estimates closer to the population mean values with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). RESULTS Levels of MMRatio were highest in the rural areas, States and regions in Northern Nigeria. MMRatio was consistently lower in the South West (2008=281; 2013=367; 2018=392) and higher among the Northern regions of the country, particularly the North-East (2008=654; 2013=612; 2018=901) for three consecutive surveys. Over the three surveys, mortality trends declined about 18% in the North West and 54.2% in the South East region. However, there was a 4.8% increase in MMRatio for South West between 2008 to 2018. CONCLUSIONS Nigeria has geopolitical and sub-national disparities that pose a burden to the country’s maternal health. Since several states in the Northern geopolitical zone still show high maternal mortality, targeted intervention at state levels should be explored to ensure that mothers who need help get it to ensure the sustainable development goals are met.