bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXII-1 Tracing the historical genetic components in turano-mongolian cattle breeds based on the microsatellite analysis of modern and museum samples
Authors: Abdelmanova Alexandra S , Kharzinova Veronika R , Volkova Valeria , Dotsev Arsen V , Sermyagin Alexander A , Boronetskaya Oxana , Chinarov Roman , Brem Gottfried , Zinovieva Natalia A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In their centuries-long history, the nomads of the south of Russia developed the local cattle breeds, which are well adapted to the harsh steppe conditions. In 20th century, the population size of such cattle breeds was dramatically decreased. At the same time, intensive cross breeding with high-producing transboundary breeds had been practiced on the small remaining part of population. The aim of our study was to trace the historical genetic components in modern populations of local cattle breeds of the turano-mongolian origin. The historical specimens of Kalmyk (n = 10), Kyrgyz (n = 11) and Kazakh (n = 3) cattle dated by the first quarter of the 20th century were derived from the craniological collection of the E.F. Liskun Museum for Animal Husbandry and subjected to the study. The modern representatives of Kalmyk (n = 28), Kyrgyz (n = 20), Kazakh White-headed (n = 30), Hereford (n = 26), and Mongolian (n = 41) cattle were used for comparison. All works with historical samples were performed in dedicated facility of the L.K. Ernst research Center for Animal Husbandry. The samples were genotyped for 11 microsatellite loci (BM1818, BM2113, BM1824, ETH10, ETH225, INRA023, SPS115, TGLA53, TGLA122, TGLA126, and TGLA227). For historical samples, the PCR reactions were carried out in five replicates to determine the consensus genotypes. In total, 132 alleles were identified, including 97 alleles in historical samples and 124 alleles in modern samples. The values of unbiased expected heterozygosity were 0.767–0.776 and 0.653–0.778 for the historical and modern samples, respectively. The STRUCTURE clustering showed the visible differences in genetic structure between the historical and modern populations of Kalmyk, Kyrgyz and Kazakh cattle breeds; however, the historical genetic components were still maintained in modern representatives of all of studied breeds. The research results will be useful for the sustainable breeding and conservation of valuable local genetic resources. The study was funded by the RSF No. 19-76-20012.
PSXV-6 The effect of ultrafine iron particles on the adaptation of the digestive system of cattle to fat diets
Authors: Klimova Tatyana , Shejjda Elena , Shajahmetova Elvina , Lebedev Svyatoslav , Miroshnikov Sergej , Rakhmatullin Shamil , Kvan Olga 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine the possibility of using ultrafine Fe particles (2.2 mg/head/day) as modulators of metabolic activity when using vegetable soybean and sunflower oils in ruminant diets. The studies carried out on calves with external duodenal anastomosis (diet – grassland hay (2 kg), a mixture of concentrates (1.5 kg), corn silage (5 kg), wheat straw (1 kg), oil-3% of the dry matter of the diet). The digestibility of the nutritional components of the diet analyzed daily throughout the study period. The collection of pancreatic juice was carried out for 8 hours with an interval of 60 minutes on the 7th day, the determination of the amount and enzymatic activity of the juice carried out “incito.” Introduction of ultrafine Fe particles significantly increased the digestibility of organic matter by 38% (P ≤ 0.05) with the introduction of vegetable soybean oil, crude fat by 28.4% (P ≤ 0.05) with the introduction of sunflower oil. Additional introduction of ultrafine Fe particles significantly increased the level of pancreatic secretion when sunflower oil was introduced by 59.8%, soybean oil by 56% (P ≤ 0.05). Additional inclusion of ultrafine iron particles contributed to the decrease of lipase, protease and amylase activity by 86,8%, 37,4% and 33% (P ≤ 0,05) in the sunflower oil group, by 68,2% of lipase, by 24,6% of amylase in the soybean oil group (P ≤ 0,05). A significant increase in the level of NO-metabolites was recorded in the group receiving soybean oil by 37.5 % (P &lt; 0.05). This study shows the potential use of ultrafine Fe particles as a mineral supplement to regulate the functional activity of digestive and metabolic processes in ruminants, which may play a positive role in increasing the bioavailability of nutritional components of diets. This research performed with financial support from the project 0761-2019-0005.
PSIX-12 “Lamarin Saldonum” for the raising of milk production of cows
Authors: Anikin Sergey , Shemuranova Natalia , Garifullina Natalia , Filatov Andrey , Sapozhnikov Alexander 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of the research was to establish the effectiveness of the use of the feed additive “Lamarin Saldonum.” The feed additive contains Japanese kelp, milk thistle, to increase the milk productivity during the milking period. The studies were conducted on 40 cows of the black-and-white Holstein breed at the age of 2–4 lactation and the amount of milk for the last lactation not less than 7,500 kg. The cows were divided into 4 groups (GE1, GE2, GE3, GC) of 10 heads in each. Cows GE1, GE2, GE3 received 30 days before calving daily feed additive in doses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 g/kg, respectively, for 60 days. In the GC animals didn’t receive the feed additive (control group). Control milking was performed every 10 days. Using of feed additive in the ration increased milk productivity. In the 1st month of lactation, the average daily amount of milk in GC was 24.00±0.93 kg, which is 7.4%, 19.6% (P &lt; 0.01), 7.4% less than in GE1, GE2 and GE3, respectively. In the 2nd month, the highest average daily amount of milk in GE2 and GE3, which is 13.4% (P &lt; 0.01) and 4.6% more than the GC, respectively. In the 3rd month, the average daily amount of milk in GE1, GE2, and GE3 was 30.22±2.44 kg, 39.57±2.68 kg, 35.11±2.59 kg, respectively, which is 6.8%, 39.9% (P &lt; 0.01), 24.1% more than in GC. The mass fraction of fat in milk in animals GE1, GE2, GE3 was 0.2–0.92%(P &lt; 0.01) higher than in GC. In the second month of lactation, the mass fraction of protein in GE2 was higher by 0.24% (P &lt; 0.01), in GE3–by 0.14 (P &lt; 0.05) relative to GC. At the 3rd month of lactation, the protein content in milk was 0.29% higher in GE2 (P &lt; 0.001) and GE3-by 0.21% (P &lt; 0.001) than in GC.
PSIX-13 Activation of cell signaling pathways by galectins in cow blood
Authors: Rehrah Djaafar M , Worku Mulumebet , Ismail Hamid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Galectins are part of a conserved family of β-galactoside-binding proteins that contribute to critical biological events during mammalian gestation and increasingly recognized for a possible role in the immune response of the cow. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Galectins on signal transduction and cell activation in cow blood. Whole blood was collected aseptically from the jugular vein of healthy Holstein Friesian dairy cows (N=3). Blood samples (2.5ml) in duplicate were treated with 150µl of the four different type of recombinant galectins (1, 3, 4, and 9) respectively and untreated samples were served as control. The concentration of total plasma protein was determined using the Pierce BCA kit. Protein expression profiling was performed using1,358 antibodies on the Full Moon BioSystems’ Signaling Explorer antibody array covering 20 cell signaling pathways, as recommended by the manufacturer using an Agilent microarray scanner. Data normalization was performed using GeneSpring GX software to generate fold changes in gene expression and then filtered to obtain a list of significantly upregulated and downregulated genes. Features were extracted from protein array images of samples treated with Galectin 1, 3, 4, 9, and untreated sample as a control group. Treatment with all four Galectins increased the concentration of total plasma protein. Average increases due to treatment with Gal1, Gal3, Gal4, and Gal9 were 27%, 10%, 20%, and 14% respectively. ANOVA test showed significance difference among the groups (p &lt; 0.05). Dunnett option was used to compare each of the treated samples to the control group as a baseline. The results also showed that there was significant difference between the control group and any of the treated group (p &lt; 0.05). Distinct signaling pathways are activated in response to Galectin exposure. Further studies are needed to define their regulation and functional impact on cow health.
PSIX-16 Association between Thrombin and horn fly abundance in beef cattle
Authors: Krause Taylor , Ling Ashley S , Warner Amanda , Duggin Jason , Heins Bradley , Hinkle Nancy , Aggrey Samuel E , Pringle Dean , Rekaya Romdhane 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
It has been reported that differences in horn fly tolerance in beef cattle could be associated with variation in blood enzymes. Thrombin (TH), a major enzyme for hemostasis that plays an important role in the activation of several pro-coagulation factors through the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, has been associated with horn fly prevalence on cattle. Although this assumption is reasonable, as fast-coagulating blood tends to complicate the feeding process for flies, there is little meaningful field data that clearly supports this hypothesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess TH levels in relation to horn fly abundance using 360 cows at two University of Georgia farms (Northwest Georgia REC, 34.5°N, 85.0°W and Eatonton Beef Research Unit, 33.4°N, 83.5°W). Horn fly counts were taken twice by trained evaluators during the summer of 2019 (June and August). Additionally, blood samples were collected twice on each cow to quantify serum TH levels using an ELISA assay (MyBioSource, San Diego, CA). The Pearson correlation between serum TH level and horn fly count was -0.19, indicating a decrease in the number of flies with increasing TH in the blood. In order to reduce the impact of the uncertainty associated with the subjective assessment of horn fly abundance and the potential nonlinear relationship between both parameters, TH was categorized into four classes (1=TH &gt;500 ng/mL; 2=250&lt; TH&lt; 500 ng/mL; 3=100&lt; TH&lt; 250 ng/mL; 4=&lt; 100 ng/mL). Average fly counts were 336, 353, 391, and 464 for the four classes, respectively. Between the first (high TH) and fourth (low TH) classes, there was a 38% reduction in fly abundance. Across sire families, fly abundance ranged between 190 and 650. Collectively, these results indicate that selection for higher serum TH levels could be used as a proxy for improving horn fly tolerance in beef cattle.
PSX-B-30 Study of the effects of gestational and weaning stresses on blood cytokines and analytes in pigs
Authors: Rymut Haley E , Rund Laurie A , Bolt Courtni R , Johnson Rodney W , Rodriguez-Zas Sandra L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The effects of the practice of weaning in pigs have been documented, and include changes in organ function and immune mechanisms. However, the effects of weaning following exposure to maternal infection during gestation are incompletely characterized. We hypothesize that the disruption of physiological processes triggered by weaning can be influenced by the exposure of the pig to maternal immune signals elicited by a challenge during gestation. To test our hypothesis, the concentrations of biochemical indicators and cytokines were measured in the blood from 72 female and male pigs distributed across two weaning groups (nursed or weaned), and two gestational challenge groups (gilts infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory virus or healthy controls). Weaning had a significant effect on the concentration of albumin among females born from healthy gilts (P &lt; 0.01). The albumin concentrations were higher in weaned relative to nursed pigs from healthy gilts. This pattern may be associated with the transition to a higher protein diet, whereas no differences were observed among pigs from infected gilts. The interaction between gestation and weaning stresses had a significant effect on the concentration of bicarbonate. The highest levels of bicarbonate were detected among nursed pigs from infected gilts. The lowest levels of bicarbonate were detected among weaned pigs from health gilts, and this could indicate metabolic acidosis. An interaction effect (P &lt; 0.02) was detected for pro-inflammatory interleukin 4. The highest concentrations of interleukin 4 were detected in weaned females from infected gilts, while the lowest levels were detected among weaned males from health gilts. The studied biomarker patterns indicate that the effect of weaning on blood indicators can be influenced by the exposure of the pigs to challenges during gestation. This study is supported by USDA NIFA AFRI, grant number 2018-67015-27413.
PSX-B-23 Immune tolerance of dairy heifers in response to repeated bacterial endotoxin exposure
Authors: Sullivan Tianna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin from the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is often used to simulate bacterial infection in mammals. Repeated exposure to LPS over a short period of time, however, is reported to result in an attenuated acute-phase response. This “LPS tolerance” is an essential immune-homeostatic response that can protect against over-activation of the inflammatory response during chronic exposure to LPS. In the present study, Holstein calves (n=20) were initially intramuscularly challenged with either saline, or 100, 200 or 400 ng/kg of LPS and then all animals were re-challenged with 200 ng/kg of LPS 2-weeks later to assess potential LPS tolerance in ruminants. Serum was collected every 2 hrs for 6 hrs to profile changes in circulatory stress biomarkers. In comparison to the first challenge and saline control animals that received LPS for the first time, heifers re-challenged with LPS demonstrated significantly attenuated cortisol responses in the second LPS challenge (p &lt; 0.05). Blood cell populations were also attenuated in animals receiving their second LPS challenge, in that re-challenged animals showed significantly less severe thrombocytopenic (p &lt; 0.05), and leukopenic responses to their second LPS challenge as compared to their first (p &lt; 0.05); this trend was also apparent when comparing newly LPS-challenged animals to the LPS re-challenged animals. MicroRNA expression profiles were determined to assess a potential epigenetic response to repeated LPS exposure, which may help identify therapeutic targets to protect against LPS-associated diseases including clinical mastitis and sepsis. The present study demonstrated that LPS tolerance occurs in dairy cattle, and understanding the roles of various miRNAs in the context of innate immune cell tolerance is essential for evaluating their impact on immune system homeostasis.
PSX-B-28 Reproductive function of sows with the using of feed additive “Verva”
Authors: Anikin Sergey , Shemuranova Natalia , Filatov Andrey , Sapozhnikov Alexander 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study was to study the effect of the feed additive “Verva” on the reproductive ability of sows and the recovery of their sexual cyclicity. Fir triterpenic acids are the main active ingredient of the feed additive. The study was conducted on 80 sows of the large white breed. Experimental and control groups were formed: GE (n=50), GC (n=30). GE sows from the 80th day of pregnancy for 30 days were additionally given “Verva” at a dose of 3 g per head per day. GC sows weren’t given the “Verva”. Hunting was detected within seven days after weaning the piglets. Artificial insemination was performed twice and the effectiveness was determined on day 28 by ultrasound. The number, weight of newborn piglets in GE and GC don’t differ significantly. By weaning, 10.94±0.17 heads were obtained from one sow in GE, which is 9.1% (p &lt; 0.01) more than in GC. By weaning, the weight of the nest (total weight of piglets) in GC was 66.72=2.13 kg, which is 7.3% (p &lt; 0.05) less than in GE. The “Verva” has a positive effect on the activation of sexual cyclicity: in GE, 95.3% of animals came to the hunt, and in GC-by 4.4% less. On the 4th day after weaning the piglets, 34.1% of the animals came to the hunt in GE, 40% in GC, on the 5th day–46.3% in GE and 50% in GC. On the 6th, 7th days in GE, 17.1% and 2.1% of sows came to the hunt, and in GC, 10.0% and 0.0%, respectively. The efficiency of artificial insemination in GE was 95.4%, which is 13.5% higher than in GC. The “Verva” has a positive effect on the milk production of sows, preserves their progeny, sexual cyclicity after weaning piglets, increases the duration of economic use of animals.
PSI-12 Effects of increasing rumen propionate on dry matter intake, feeding behavior, glucose clearance, and insulin response in cattle on a finishing ration
Authors: Rathert Abigail R , McConnell Hunter L , Salisbury Carlee M , Uzee Nick , Montgomery Dagan , Foote Andrew P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine if increasing propionate alters dry matter intake (DMI), feeding behavior, glucose clearance rate, blood metabolites, insulin concentrations, and rumen fluid lactate in steers fed a finishing diet. Ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (n = 6) were fed a finishing diet ad libitum. Steers were randomly assigned to one of three treatments in a 3×6 Latin rectangle design. Treatments of no Ca propionate (CON), 100 g/d (LOW), or 300 g/d (HIGH) were ruminally dosed daily. Individual DMI was measured using an Insentec feeding system. Weekly blood samples and body weight were collected on d 0, 7, and 14 and analyzed for glucose, lactate, NEFA, and insulin. A glucose tolerance test was conducted on d 14 of each period. Data were analyzed using a mixed model with period, treatment, time, and their interaction included, with time within period as a repeated measure, and steer as a random effect. Dry matter intake, meal size, and number of meals per day were decreased (P &lt; 0.049) in HIGH steers. Weekly plasma glucose tended (P = 0.07) to be greater on d 7 than d 0. Plasma insulin was lower (P = 0.019) in both LOW and HIGH than CON steers. Rumen fluid lactate was decreased (P = 0.034) in HIGH steers. There was an effect of time (P &lt; 0.0001) on rumen fluid lactate and pH, with an increase from 0 h to 6 h. There was no treatment effect (P ≥ 0.11) on weekly plasma glucose, NEFA, or lactate, rumen fluid pH, or glucose peak concentration, plateau, and rate. These data indicate that increased propionate may decrease DMI and alter feeding behavior but might not be related to glucose metabolism.
PSI-6 Characterization of in vitro stability for two multi-functional processive endoglucanases as exogenous biocatalysts in pig nutrition
Authors: Cheng Laurence , Wang Weijun , Fan Ming Z Z 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Poor efficiency of dietary fibre utilization limits global pork production profit margins and mitigation of footprint on environment. The objective of this study was to characterize in vitro stability for two unique processive endoglucanases of tCel5A1 and p4818Cel5_2A that are reported to hydrolyze natural cellulose and have multi-functionality towards hemicelluloses (Basit and Akhtar, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2018, 115:1675; Wang et al., Scientific Reports 2019, 9:13630). Both tCel5A1 and p4818Cel5_2A were modelled with the SWISS-MODEL online server and analyzed and visualized by PyMOL2.4.1. These two cellulases were overexpressed in ClearColi®BL21(DE3). Their endoglucanase activities were determined using 0.70 % sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) with or without N2 gas purging; and incubated at pH 6.5–7.0 and 37 °C for 15 min. The three-dimensional models showed 1 and 4 Cys residues on the surfaces of tCel5A1 and p4818Cel5_2A, respectively, suggesting their susceptibility to auto-oxidation by air-borne O2. This prediction was tested by comparing the activities of N2-purged and non-purged enzyme preparations as well as their processing and incubation handling. Both tCel5A1 and p4818Cel5_2A activities were enhanced (P &lt; 0.01) by 50% when 5-mM DTT and N2-purging were adopted. Furthermore, after incubating both tCel5A1 and p4818Cel5_2A enzyme preparations under the porcine gastric pH (3.5) and pepsin (274 U/mL) as well as intestinal trypsin (78 U/mL) and chymotrypsin (20 U/mL) activities at pH 6.5 during 0–5 h, Eadie-Hofstee inhibition kinetic analyses showed that tCel5A1 and p4818Cel5_2A respectively lost 18 and 68% (P &lt; 0.01) of their initial activities after 2 h under the gastric conditions and more than 90% (P &lt; 0.01) of their initial activities after 2–3 h under the intestinal conditions. Therefore, further enzyme protein engineering and/or post-fermentation treatments, such as coating for by-passing the gastric-intestinal environment, will be required to enable these two processive endoglucanases as efficacious exogenous fibre enzymes.
PSI-8 Determining the effect of dam milk production and mastitis infection during pregnancy on blood biochemistry in dairy bull calves
Authors: Ricks Elisabeth , Lally Jordan , Barney Amanda , Hoffman Maria L , Gatley Rachael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Maternal programming can affect offspring health postnatally. We hypothesized that high milk production and/or mastitis infection during pregnancy will adversely affect calf blood biochemical analytes. Holstein bull calves (n = 45) were transported to the University of Rhode Island within 24 hrs of birth. Calves were classified by dam production and somatic cell counts (SCC) during pregnancy; HI (top 25% for herd M305, n = 7), MOD (lower 60% for herd M305, n = 16), HIMAST (HI with SCC ≥ 200,000 cells/mL; n = 15), and MODMAST (MOD with high SCC; n=6). Calves were sampled once a week for 8 wks. Serum was sent to the Missouri State Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (Columbia, MO) for analyses. Results were analyzed in SAS using proc mixed. At wk 1, Calcium (Ca) concentrations were greater in HI calves (11±0.61mg/dL; P =.05) than MOD calves (10± 0.25mg/dL). At wk 3, Ca concentrations were greater in HIMAST (10± 0.13mg/dL) compared to HI (8±.048mg/dL; P&lt;0.01) and MOD (9±0.36mg/dL; P =.02) calves respectively. MODMAST calves (10 ± 0.460 mg/dL) exhibited greater Ca concentrations than HI calves (P = 0.05). Aspartate aminotransferase concentrations were greater in HIMAST calves compared to MODMAST calves at wk 1 (36±2.49 Units (U)/L vs. 27±2.63U/L; P = .04) and wk 8 (79±7.08U/L vs. 47±5.71U/L; P&lt;0.01). At wk 8, total protein concentrations were greater in HIMAST (6 ± .13g/dL) calves compared to MODMAST(5±0.13g/dL; P =.01) and MOD calves(5±.13g/dL; P = .03). In conclusion, maternal mastitis infection and production level during pregnancy does affect key circulating factors in the offspring. Correlation and gene expression analyses will be performed to better understand these changes.