bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrative identity informs psychological adjustment: Considering three themes captured across five time points and two event valences
Authors: Booker Jordan A. , Fivush Robyn , Graci Matthew E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesHow narrative identity and well‐being are intertwined as emerging adults process their lived experiences remains a critical theoretical and empirical question. We studied narrative identity among US emerging adults in a multiphase study. We aimed to test (1) if and how narrative identity themes (i.e., coherence, agency, growth) change rapidly across repeated narrations; (2) are related to reports of psychological adjustment (i.e., well‐being, recent stress) over time; and (3) whether the valence of the autobiographical event nuanced the ways narrative identity and adjustment co‐evolve.MethodsIn a mini‐longitudinal study conducted over three months, 300 adults aged 18‐to‐29‐years (M age = 24.39 years; 60% women) provided autobiographical narratives about high‐point and low‐point (LP) life events at five time points, as well as repeated reports on well‐being and recent stress.ResultsOverall, coherence showed (1) the most consistency across time and valence than other narrative themes and (2) the most consistent associations with adjustment. In multilevel models, LP coherence and LP growth coincided with higher levels of adjustment.ConclusionsFindings reinforce the ways narrative identity reflects dynamic processes of understanding the events of one's life, and the ways individual differences in framing and reasoning about life are important for psychological adjustment.
Can government spending boost firm sales?
Authors: Islam Asif , Galinato Gregmar I. , Zhang Wentao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe estimate the effect of government spending on firm production as measured by the value of sales in developing economies. We contribute to the literature by exploring the relationship between the size and composition of government spending on firm sales by workforce size and market destination of goods using instruments based on political institutions and fractionalization. We use a unique firm‐level dataset across developing economies coupled with national government spending data. After instrumenting for the fiscal policies, we find that an increase in the proportion of spending that alleviates market failures significantly boosts sales output especially in non‐exporting small and medium sized firms but not in large exporting firms. Total government spending positively affects sales output for firms of all sizes and non‐exporters. The effect of the composition of government spending on firm output is more elastic than the effect of the size of government spending. The results are explained by the role of government spending in increasing bank loan access, allowing for technological innovation, and augmenting human capital thereby increasing firm output.
Utility of Ultrasound‐Guided Anesthetic Intra‐articular Injection to Estimate the Outcome of Hip Arthroscopy in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Li Shoupeng , Li Chunbao , Wang Huanfang , Luo Yukun , Li Haipeng , Zhang Mingbo 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of ultrasound (US) guided intra‐hip joint injection to estimate the outcome of hip arthroscopy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome.MethodsPatients with FAI syndrome (n = 60) were prospectively enrolled in our study. Before hip arthroscopy, a mix of 4 mL 2% lidocaine and 4 mL 1% ropivacaine were injected into the hip joint under the guidance of US. The clinical efficacy of the intra‐articular injection was evaluated by comparing the visual analog scale (VAS) and international hip outcome tool 12 (iHOT‐12) results before and after the injection. The outcome of hip arthroscopy was evaluated by iHOT‐12, the modified Harris hip score (MHHS), and the patient's satisfaction 12 months after the operation. The outcome of intra‐articular injection and hip arthroscopy were compared. Factors related to the outcomes of hip arthroscopy were evaluated. The correlation between the efficacy of intra‐hip joint injection and arthroscopy was evaluated.ResultsThe VAS of patients decreased from 11.3 ± 7.7 to 3.3 ± 4.5, and the iHOT‐12 increased from 52.1 ± 23.2 to 84.1 ± 18.1 after intra‐articular injection (all P < 0.001). The iHOT‐12 score increased from 52.1 ± 23.2 to 78.9 ± 19.2, and the MHHS increased from 66.5 ± 6.8 to 81.6 ± 8.1 after hip arthroscopy (all P < 0.001). The satisfaction rate of arthroscopy, including very satisfied and effective patients, was 93.3%. Multi‐variable logistic regression showed that only iHOT‐12 improved value after injection was included in the regression formula of satisfaction, with the β of −0.154, standard error of 0.071, Wald value of 4.720, and OR of 0.857 (95%CI 0.746–0.985) (P = 0.03). Significant correlation was detected between iHOT‐12 scores after intra‐articular anesthesia and at 12 months after arthroscopy (r = 0.784, P < 0.001). So was the iHOT‐12 improved value (r = 0.781, P < 0.001) and the iHOT‐12 improved ratio (r = 0.848, P < 0.001). If we had performed arthroscopy only on patients with post‐injection iHOT‐12 score improvement ≥10, the satisfaction rate of arthroscopy would have increased to 96.6%.ConclusionsUS‐guided intra‐hip joint injection may provide a feasible way to estimate the outcome of hip arthroscopy in patients with FAI syndrome, and could be used as a method for indication selection of hip arthroscopy.
Comparison of 3D Printing Rapid Prototyping Technology with Traditional Radiographs in Evaluating Acetabular Defects in Revision Hip Arthroplasty: A Prospective and Consecutive Study
Authors: Zhang Jing‐wei , Liu Xiao‐liang , Zeng Yi‐ming , Zhai Zan‐jing , Mao Yuan‐qing , Yu De‐gang , Wang Liao , Yan Meng‐ning , Zhu Zhe‐nan , Li Hui‐wu 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo compare rapid prototyping technology (RP tech) in revision total hip arthroplasty (RTHA) with traditional examination methods and to see how they are different in evaluating acetabular anatomy and designing surgical procedure.MethodsFrom February 2014 to March 2018, 43 RTHA patients with complex acetabulum defects were enrolled in this prospective study regardless of age or gender. Incomplete and unclear data were excluded. Three types of radiographic examination were performed on each patient before the revision surgery. Four groups of evaluations were designed: (i) X‐ray; (ii) computed tomography (CT‐scan); (iii) RP tech; and (iv) CT‐aided RP tech. Discrepancies between preoperative radiographic analysis and intra‐operative findings were separately compared by a team of surgeons. Premade surgical plans based on each evaluation method were compared with the final surgical procedure. The compliance of anatomic evaluation and surgical plan‐design based on 3D RP tech and traditional radiographs were ranked manually by a of team surgeons into: (i) complete accordance; (ii) general accordance; and (iii) undetermined structure/procedure. The difference in ranks between RP tech and traditional radiographic methods were analyzed with a nonparametric Kruskal‐Wallis test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Multiple adjustments were taken for the statistical tests level according to the Bonferroni method.ResultsFor anatomic analysis, the accordance in four groups of evaluating methods differed from each other (P < 0.05) except for the comparison of RP tech and CT‐aided RP tech. RP tech displayed better anatomic evaluating accuracy than traditional methods (X‐ray and CT) with the “complete accordance” rates of these groups being 88.37%, 4.65% and 27.91%, respectively. But CT‐aided RP tech did not improve accuracy significantly compared with using RP tech individually, although the value seems high in the CT‐aided RP group with the “complete accordance” rate of 95.35%. For surgery design, RP tech significantly showed better applicable surgical design compared with X‐ray and CT (P < 0.05), and the “complete accordance” rates were 88.37%, 6.98% and 23.26%, but no significant difference was observed between RP tech and CT‐aided RP tech, and the “complete accordance” rate of CT‐aided RP tech group was 97.67%. RP tech showed remarkable improvement in bone defect assessment and surgical plan design.ConclusionUsing RP technology improved both sensibility and accuracy in acetabular defect evaluation with better locating and evaluating efficiency compared with X‐ray and CT‐scans. It also improved surgical schedule designing in complex acetabular defecting revision surgery. In particularly complex cases, CT aided RP tech may increase the accuracy of RP tech.
A collision tumor of solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma and meningioma: A case report with literature review
Authors: Ashizawa Karin , Ogura Kanako , Nagase Shunsuke , Sakaguchi Asumi , Tokugawa Joji , Hishii Makoto , Fukunaga Masaharu , Hirose Takanori , Matsumoto Toshiharu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn intracranial collision tumor is a rare lesion composed of two histologically different neoplasms in the same anatomic location. Even more rare is the collision tumor of a solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (SFT/HPC) and meningioma. The patient was a 46‐year‐old woman who had a 40 × 35 × 30‐mm mass in the vermis of the cerebellum. Histologically, the mass consisted of two different components. One component showed the morphology of meningioma (World Health Organization (WHO) grade I), and the other component exhibited small round cell proliferation with hypercellular density, which was revealed to be SFT/HPC (WHO grade III) based on STAT6 immunohistochemistry. STAT6 showed completely different immunohistochemistry results in these two components (nuclear‐negative in meningioma and nuclear‐positive in SFT/HPC). Since these two neoplasms are associated with different prognoses, they should be distinguished from each other. When meningioma and an SFT/HPC‐like lesion are identified morphologically, it is important to recognize the presence of such a collision tumor composed of meningioma and SFT/HPC, and identify the SFT/HPC component by employing STAT6 immunohistochemistry.
The role of antenatal corticosteroids in improving neonatal outcomes
Authors: Busuulwa Paula , Groom Katie , Chappell Lucy C , Shennan Andrew H 
Published: August 2021

Key content

Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) are a key evidence‐based intervention proven to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.

ACS should be given in a timely manner to ensure maximal benefit. This can be challenging, particularly in women presenting with suspected spontaneous preterm labour.

There is continuing uncertainty about the role of repeat ACS courses in women who remain at high risk of preterm delivery.

Evidence from long‐term follow‐up studies has yielded mixed findings; further research is needed to determine the impact of ACS on future health.

Learning objectives

To understand the mechanisms underpinning ACS effectiveness in utero and the evidence to support their use.

To understand the rationale for ACS use in specific circumstances, as well as current areas of uncertainty.

Ethical issues

For women who receive ACS for threatened preterm labour, there is only benefit if their baby is born within 7 days. Therefore, optimal prediction of risk of preterm delivery is essential.

Evidence of benefit of ACS does not translate directly from high‐income settings into low‐ and middle‐income countries because there are other factors that influence preterm birth outcomes.

Timing of ACS, in relation to time before delivery, number of courses and gestational age, is likely to be important.
Multiple phosphorylation events of the mitochondrial membrane protein TTM1 regulate cell death during senescence
Authors: Karia Purva , Yoshioka Keiko , Moeder Wolfgang 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARYThe role of mitochondria in programmed cell death (PCD) during animal growth and development is well documented, but much less is known for plants. We previously showed that the Arabidopsis thaliana triphosphate tunnel metalloenzyme (TTM) proteins TTM1 and TTM2 are tail‐anchored proteins that localize in the mitochondrial outer membrane and participate in PCD during senescence and immunity, respectively. Here, we show that TTM1 is specifically involved in senescence induced by abscisic acid (ABA). Moreover, phosphorylation of TTM1 by multiple mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinases regulates its function and turnover. A combination of proteomics and in vitro kinase assays revealed three major phosphorylation sites of TTM1 (Ser10, Ser437, and Ser490). Ser437, which is phosphorylated upon perception of senescence cues such as ABA and prolonged darkness, is phosphorylated by the MAP kinases MPK3 and MPK4, and Ser437 phosphorylation is essential for TTM1 function in senescence. These MPKs, together with three additional MAP kinases (MPK1, MPK7, and MPK6), also phosphorylate Ser10 and Ser490, marking TTM1 for protein turnover, which likely prevents uncontrolled cell death. Taken together, our results show that multiple MPKs regulate the function and turnover of the mitochondrial protein TTM1 during senescence‐associated cell death, revealing a novel link between mitochondria and PCD.
How COVID‐19 vaccine supply chains emerged in the midst of a pandemic
Authors: Bown Chad P. , Bollyky Thomas J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany months after COVID‐19 vaccines were first authorised for public use, still limited supplies could only partially reduce the devastating loss of life and economic costs caused by the pandemic. Could additional vaccine doses have been manufactured more quickly some other way? Would alternative policy choices have made a difference? This paper provides a simple analytical framework through which to view the contours of the vaccine value chain. It then creates a new database that maps the COVID‐19 vaccines of Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca/Oxford, Johnson & Johnson, Novavax and CureVac to the product‐ and location‐specific manufacturing supply chains that emerged in 2020 and 2021. It describes the choppy process through which dozens of other companies at nearly 100 geographically distributed facilities came together to scale up global manufacturing. The paper catalogues major pandemic policy initiatives – such as the United States' Operation Warp Speed – that are likely to have affected the timing and formation of those vaccine supply chains. Given the data, a final section identifies further questions for researchers and policymakers.
Urbanization in China: Through the City Construction in Qingming Scroll and the Proposition of New-Type Urbanization
Authors: YI Yuxi 
Published: August 2021

In the 2019 Government Work Report of The State Council[1], Prime Minister of the People’s Republic of China, Li Keqiang, stressed the need to “promote coordinated regional development and improve the quality of new-type urbanization.” The Government Work Report of The State Council in May 2020 puts forward the basic principles of strengthening the new-type urbanization and improving the capacity of public service facilities[2]. (Xinhua News Agency [XNA], 2020). It is necessary to promote sustainable and livable urbanization. What should urbanization be like in the case of the new type as a crucial task of construction? How should it deepen the reform of the household registration system and promote economic development beyond the population balance of cities? Based on city clusters, how should urbanization further be promoted and comprehensively driven the Chinese economy after the epidemic? Will the "street stall economy" and "small shop economy" jointly proposed by the Central Civilization Office and Prime Minister in 2020 be a new opportunity? By reviewing Urbanization in China (2019) written by Houkai Wei, this paper believes that Qingming Scroll, as an observable example of the economic prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty, can be a breakthrough in the analysis of the new-type urbanization. Taking the urbanization of the Northern Song Dynasty shown in Qingming Scroll as a base, this paper will further give a new answer on how to further develop and improve the new urbanization. Based on the analysis of the national urbanization of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty shown and the process given by Urbanization in China, this paper further speculates and constructs the possibility of development. Therefore, according to the characteristics of cities and the nature of urban development in the Northern Song Dynasty, this paper tries to analyze the structure of urbanization in New China and discusses feasible new ways of the urban economy.[1] Li, Keqiang. (2019). Report on the Work of the Government of the State Council.[2] Xinhua News Agency. (2020). Report on the Work of the Government for 2020.
The passive leg movement technique for assessing vascular function: the impact of baseline blood flow
Authors: Shields Katherine L. , Broxterman Ryan M. , Jarrett Catherine L. , Bisconti Angela V. , Park Soung Hun , Richardson Russell S. 
Published: August 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
The passive leg movement (PLM) assessment of vascular function utilizes the blood flow response in the common femoral artery (CFA): what is the impact of baseline CFA blood flow on the PLM response?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Although an attenuated PLM response is not an obligatory consequence of increased baseline CFA blood flow, increased blood flow through the deep femoral artery will diminish the response. Care should be taken to ensure that a genuine baseline leg blood flow is obtained prior to performing a PLM vascular function assessment.

AbstractThe passive leg movement (PLM) assessment of vascular function utilizes the blood flow response in the common femoral artery (CFA). This response is primarily driven by vasodilation of the microvasculature downstream from the deep (DFA) and, to a lesser extent, the superficial (SFA) femoral artery, which facilitate blood flow to the upper and lower leg, respectively. However, the impact of baseline CFA blood flow on the PLM response is unknown. Therefore, to manipulate baseline CFA blood flow, PLM was performed with and without upper and lower leg cutaneous heating in 10 healthy subjects, with blood flow (ultrasound Doppler) and blood pressure (finometer) assessed. Baseline blood flow was significantly increased in the CFA (∼97%), DFA (∼109%) and SFA (∼78%) by upper leg heating. This increase in baseline CFA blood flow significantly attenuated the PLM‐induced total blood flow in the DFA (∼62%), which was reflected by a significant fall in blood flow in the CFA (∼49%), but not in the SFA. Conversely, lower leg heating increased blood flow in the CFA (∼68%) and SFA (∼160%), but not in the DFA. Interestingly, this increase in baseline CFA blood flow only significantly attenuated the PLM‐induced total blood flow in the SFA (∼60%), and not in the CFA or DFA. Thus, although an attenuated PLM response is not an obligatory consequence of an increase in baseline CFA blood flow, an increase in baseline blood flow through the DFA will diminish the PLM response. Therefore, care should be taken to ensure that a genuine baseline leg blood flow is obtained prior to performance of a PLM vascular function assessment.
Active Living Education: Leveling the Playing Field for Black or African American Students
Authors: Imagbe Stacy , Wang Baofu , Liu Yang , Androzzi Jared , Gu Xiangli , Chen Senlin 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the potential racial disparities in education for active living (i.e., regular participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity with mitigated and interrupted levels of sedentary behavior) between Black/African American and White students. Methods: The study took place in one public middle school located in the Southeastern region of the United States. A total of 167 Black and 168 White students in sixth, seventh, and eighth grades completed a written test and a survey in physical education to assess active living knowledge and behaviors, respectively. Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance and tests of between-subjects effects showed significant race differences. Specifically, Black students scored significantly lower on the knowledge test and reported lower levels of physical activity out of school, and higher levels of sedentary behavior than White students, after controlling for grade and gender. Conclusion: The results identified racial disparities in knowledge and behaviors of active living. Tailored, culturally relevant active living education in and out of schools are needed to level the playing field for Black students.
The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Resilience in Physical Education Teacher Education Faculty Perceived Mattering
Authors: Richards K. Andrew R. , Trad Alyssa M. , Kinder Christopher J. , Graber Kim C. , Woods Amelia Mays 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Grounded in occupational socialization theory, the purpose of this study was to test a conceptual framework for understanding the role of emotional intelligence and resilience in the development of perceived mattering among U.S. physical education teacher education faculty using structural equation modeling. Method: The sample included 286 U.S. faculty members (151 females and 135 males), and the data were collected through an online survey that included instruments to measure key study variables. The primary analyses used structural equation modeling to evaluate relationships hypothesized in the conceptual model. Results: While not all hypothesized relationships in the model were significant, generally, the results confirmed the hypothesized relationships among the study variables, suggesting that resilience mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and perceived mattering. Discussion: Socioemotional skills, such as emotional intelligence, appear important for helping physical education teacher education faculty members perceive resiliency and mattering in their work. Accordingly, these skills should be considered for doctoral education and faculty development programs.