bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistencias desde la periferia: población Rrom en España
Authors: Gutiérrez José David 
Published: January 2021

El artículo analiza, a partir del caso de estudio de asentamientos chabolistas en Madrid y Barcelona, la población Rrom que ubicándose en la periferia de dichas ciudades malvive en condiciones de pobreza y exclusión social. Basándose en una investigación de corte cualitativo donde se aprecian similitudes en cuanto a los medios de subsistencia empleados por el colectivo, así cómo la movilidad constante tanto en España como en Europa, el artículo se interroga el papel que tienen las administraciones públicas a nivel local y regional en la búsqueda de soluciones que permitan una mayor inclusión social y mejoras en la calidad de vida. Mediante una comparativa de los asentamientos, esta investigación presenta la experiencia profesional desarrollada en asentamientos con altos niveles de exclusión social donde se pone de relieve, la necesidad de intervenir socialmente desde el Trabajo Social y además, bajo una armonización de protocolos de atención social a la población Rrom desde una perspectiva igualitaria dentro de la Unión Europea, debido sobre todo a las prácticas similares de subsistencia de la población y por compartir procesos de exclusión y pobreza desde origen.
The article analyzes, based on the case study of shanty towns in Madrid and Barcelona, the Rrom population, which is located on the periphery of these cities, lives in conditions of poverty and social exclusion. Based on qualitative research where similarities can be seen in terms of livelihoods used by the collective, as well as constant mobility both in Spain and in Europe, the article questions the role of public administrations at local and regional level in the search for solutions that allow greater social inclusion and improvements in the quality of life. Through a comparison of the settlements, this research presents the professional experience developed in settlements with high levels of social exclusion where it is highlighted, the need to intervene socially from Social Work and also, under a harmonization of social care protocols to the Rrom population from an egalitarian perspective within the European Union, mainly due to the similar practices of subsistence of the population and for sharing processes of exclusion and poverty from origin.
Professional success and satisfaction in the career development
Authors: Sanchez-García Maria Fe , Suárez-Ortega Magdalena 
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se estudia una serie de variables vinculadas al desarrollo profesional de trabajadores jóvenes y adultos desde un enfoque de género. Se analizan las percepciones de mujeres y hombres trabajadores respecto al éxito profesional subjetivo de sus carreras, dentro del contexto español, atendiendo a la satisfacción e identificación de patrones de género. Se combina una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa (enfoque mixto), aplicando un cuestionario a una muestra de 205 trabajadores, así como entrevistas a una submuestra de 32 personas. Los resultados permiten describir una marcada dualidad en la percepción de la progresión de la carrera, la satisfacción laboral y las expectativas de logro, en relación con el género, pero también con la edad. Las barreras percibidas en el desarrollo profesional presentan igualmente patrones diferenciados. Se derivan implicaciones prácticas, a fin de mejorar las estrategias de orientación de las carreras de trabajadoras y trabajadores tomando en cuenta esta realidad.
This paper examines a series of variables related to the profesional development of young and adult workers from a gender perspective. It analyses, within the Spanish context, how working women and men subjectively perceive their professional success, paying attention to the identification and following of gender patterns. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies are combined in a mixed approach that uses a questionnaire (given to a sample of 205 workers) and interviews (with a subsample of 32 individuals). Their results enable us to describe a marked duality in the perception of career progression, job satisfaction and achievement expectations in relation to gender but also age. The barriers perceived in professional development also present differentiated patterns. Practical implications are derived with a view to improve career guidance strategies for working women and men, taking this reality into account.
Overexpressed PLAU and its potential prognostic value in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Zhexuan , Chen Changhan , Wang Juncheng , Wei Ming , Liu Guancheng , Qin Yuexiang , She Li , Liu Yong , Huang Donghai , Tian Yongquan , Zhu Gangcai , Zhang Xin 
Published: January 2021

Background
Metastasis is a major event for survival and prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). A primary cause of metastasis is the proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The plasminogen activator urokinase (PLAU) is involved in the transformation of plasminogen to plasmin leading to hydrolyzation of ECM-related proteins. However, the role of PLAU expression in HNSCC is unclear and the worth being investigated.

Methods
PLAU expression profiles and clinical parameters from multiple HNSCC datasets were used to investigate the relationship of PLAU expression and HNSCC survival. GO and PPI network were established on PLAU-related downstream molecular. The stroma score was deconvoluted for analysis of PLAU’s association with the immune environment. ROC analysis was applied to show the performance of PLAU in predicting HNSCC prognosis.

Results
PLAU mRNA was significantly elevated, as opposed to its methylation, in HNSCC tumor samples over normal specimens (all p < 0.01). Univariate and multivariate cox analysis showed PLAU could be an independent indicator for HNSCC prognosis. Combining with neck lymph node status, the AUC of PLAU in predicting 5-years overall survival reached to 0.862. GO enrichment analysis showed the major biological process (extracellular matrix organization and the P13K-Akt signaling pathway) may involve to the possible mechanism of PLAU’s function on HNSCC prognosis. Furthermore, PLAU expression was positively correlated with stroma cell score, M1 type macrophages, and negatively associated with CD4 + T cell, Tregs cell, and follicular helper T cell.

Conclusions
PLAU might be an independent biomarker for predicting outcomes of HNSCC patients. The elevated expression of PLAU was associated with HPV positivity and neck node status. The PI3K-Akt pathway and aberrant proportions of immune cells might underly the mechanism of PLAU’s oncogene role in HNSCC.
Factors Affecting Scholarly Practices in Private Higher Education Institutes in Sri Lanka: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Rajapakshe Wasantha 
Published: January 2021

Over the years, entering a university has been increasingly competitive which have triggered many problems with regard to the higher education sector in Sri Lanka. To overcome this crisis on university entrance, since 1978, the University Grants Commission of Sri Lanka, the apex body of the University System in Sri Lanka granted permission to the private sector to award degrees as an integral part of the higher education policy. The objective of this policy was to minimize the foreign currency outflow incurred on overseas education and support the needy students to get admission for higher education at the national level. However, it has been identified that most of these institutes consider enhancements of quantity rather than development of quality which can facilitate academicians' scholarly achievements. It is observed that research and innovation in local private Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) are far behind the country's requirements. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting scholarly practices in private HEIs in Sri Lanka. After reviewing the literature, a conceptual framework and twelve testable hypotheses were developed for this study. This study uses secondary data to identify determinant factors. Accordingly, environmental stimulus, perceived organizational culture stimulus and the psychological stimulus were selected as important determents which can directly as well as indirectly mediate with stress and happiness to enhance the performance of academicians, concerning the scholarly practices in private HEIs.
Accounting Education towards Sustainable Labour Markets in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera K. A. J. O. , Perera U. L. N. L. , Guruge N. H. G. , Subashini S. , Madhavika W. D. N. , Weerarathne R. S. 
Published: January 2021

The quality of Accounting Education determines the quality of Professionals in the field of Accounting. During last few decades with the effect of globalization, many technological advancements occurred in every industry. It directly affects the job profile of sustainable labor market of Accounting field where work becomes challenging and complex to achieve. Babike [1] proved that as Accounting Academics have become more important in the re-contextualization of the new global. The purpose of this article is to identify which qualifications are preferred by the employers out of Professional Accounting Qualification and Academic Accounting Qualification in Sri Lankan sustainable labor market. The present study adopted interpretation in philosophy and the inductive approach. The data collection was based on primary data and was collected through online interview method. Researchers selected convenience sampling method since more than 80% of listed companies in Colombo Stock Exchange are in Western Province. Based on the convenience sampling technique researchers have selected ten listed companies and interview ten Finance Managers in respective companies. Thematic Analysis technique was used to analyze the data by using the NVivo software application. The findings of the present study suggest that many employers prefer Professional Accounting Qualifications rather than Academic Accounting Qualifications. The main reason for the choice is candidates with Professional Accounting Qualifications are more capable in handling tasks and the assigned job role due to the training offered through Professional Accounting Qualification when compared to Academic Accounting Qualifications. As an implication the respected authorities in Sri Lankan educational sector can implement Accounting trainings component for Academic Accounting Education. This may also be useful to future researchers to identify the perceptions of the employers.
Influence of Simulated Defoliation and N Fertilization on Compensatory Growth of Gmelina arborea Seedlings
Authors: Ambebe Titus Fondo , Mendi Anjah Grace , Shidiki Abubakar Ali 
Published: January 2021

To investigate the effect of artificial defoliation and N availability on growth of Gmelina arborea, seedlings were subjected to three artificial defoliation levels (0, 25, 50%) and four N regimes (unfertilized, 1 g N plant-1, 3 g N plant-1, 6 g N plant-1) in a field trial. The results showed that height increment was 24.09% lower in the 50% defoliation than the undefoliated and 25% defoliation treatments which were not significantly different from each other. On average, the 25% and 50% defoliation treatments reduced stem volume increment by 44.34%. Increments of diameter and biomass and leaf production were not reduced by defoliation. In terms of response to N, increments in height and stem volume rose from 8.98 cm and 8.23 mm at unfertilized to 11.39 cm and 12.13 mm at 3 g N plant-1, respectively, while number of new leaves increased by a margin of 1.51 from unfertilized to 6 g N plant-1. Total biomass increment that was unaffected by defoliation showed an increasing trend from 0.55 g at unfertilized and 1 g N to 0.83 g at 3 g N and 0.94 g at 6 g N plant-1. There was no significant interactive effect of treatments on any parameter, suggesting that the adverse effect of defoliation on growth of G. arborea seedlings may not be alleviated by N fertilization. It is encouraged that a similar study be conducted for a longer duration to ascertain if the responses are sustained or modified.
Prescribing Patterns of Isosorbide Dinitrate in Outpatient Department of a Public Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Menshawy Menshawy A. 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the prescribing pattern of isosorbide dinitrate in outpatient department.
Methods: The study was carried out at outpatient department in Alkharj. The collected data included personal data, dosage forms of the prescribed isosorbide dinitrate, the prescribing departments and the level of the prescribers.
Results: Isosorbide dinitrate was prescribed to 57 patients in the outpatient department; about 61.4% of them aged more than 59. About 80.7% of patients received isosorbide dinitrate tablets and 19.3% of them received sublingual tablets. Most of the prescriptions were prescribed by cardiology department (56.14%) followed by Internal Medicine department (26.32%).
Conclusion: Isosorbide dinitrate prescribing was uncommon in the outpatient setting but it can cause several side effects and drug interactions, besides some patients are allergic to it. So the doctor should judge that the benefit to the patient is greater than the risk of side effects.
A Cross-sectional Analysis of Prevalence, Coping Strategies and Potential Causes of Depression among Doctors of Karachi
Authors: Bilal Shahid , Dayaram Jaiperkash , Bijarani Ali Nawaz , Muneer Mariam , Arshad Saba , Sameed Qurat ul Ain , Sadiq Sara , Lakhani Mahira , Qureshi Muhammad Fazal Hussain 
Published: January 2021

Aims: The aim of current study is to find out the prevalence of depression in doctors in different hospitals of Karachi and its association with lifestyle, the field of specialty and coping mechanisms.
Place and Duration of Study: The sample was collected from 10 different hospitals of Karachi, in a period of one Year i.e., March 2019 to February 2020.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design using non-probability consecutive type of sampling technique was used. Sample size was calculated at 95% confidence interval and was found to be 368. The sample was classified in two broader categories Surgery & Allied and Medicine & Allied. For identification of depression level, Public Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used. A 28-item questionnaire Brief COPE was used to asses coping mechanisms.
Results: In total 400 forms were used for data analysis. The mean age of doctors was 35 ± 4 years, 65% were males while 35% were females, there was a statistically significant association of female gender with depression. Chi-Square was applied to determine the association of depression and departments and it was found to be highly significant with a P < .001. Highest level of depression was found in Orthopedics and Psychiatry departments followed by Surgery and Gynecology. While Otolaryngology was the least depressed department. Chi-square was applied and a statistically significant association of low monthly income and depression with a p-value of 0.02. In Surgery and allied there was a statistically significant association of depression with extensive working hours and lack of facilities with a p-value of 0.01 and 0.04. While in Medicine and allied there was a statistically significant association of depression with a harsh attitude of seniors and an uncomfortable working environment with a p-value of 0.02 and 0.03. A linear regression model comparing depression and its associations with coping strategies was applied.
Conclusion: Our study shows that depression is present in a vast majority of doctors from multiple specialties. Various risk factors for depression have also been identified so appropriate coping strategies should be formulated to deal with it.
Ring assembly of c subunits of F0F1‐ATP synthase in Propionigenium modestum requires YidC and UncI following MPIase‐dependent membrane insertion
Authors: Nishikawa Hanako , Kanno Kotoka , Endo Yuta , Nishiyama Ken‐ichi 
Published: January 2021

The c subunits of F0F1‐ATP synthase (F0c) assemble into a ring structure, following membrane insertion that is dependent on both glycolipid MPIase and protein YidC. We analyzed the insertion and assembly processes of Propionigenium modestum F0c (Pm‐F0c), of which the ring structure is resistant to SDS. Ring assembly of Pm‐F0c requires P. modestum UncI (Pm‐UncI). Ring assembly of in vitro synthesized Pm‐F0c was observed when both YidC and Pm‐UncI were reconstituted into liposomes of Escherichia coli phospholipids. Under the physiological conditions where spontaneous insertion had been blocked by diacylglycerol, MPIase was necessary for Pm‐F0c insertion allowing the subsequent YidC/Pm‐UncI‐dependent ring assembly. Thus, we have succeeded in the complete reconstitution of membrane insertion and subsequent ring assembly of Pm‐F0c.
Integrating CVH and LVH metrics into an optimization strategy for the selection of Iris collimator for Cyberknife Xsight lung tracking treatment
Authors: Xiao Feng , Chang Yu , Zhang Sheng , Yang Zhiyong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeWe conducted this study to construct a target coverage‐volume histogram (CVH) and leakage‐volume histogram (LVH) metrics and optimization strategy for the selection of the Iris collimator in Cyberknife Xsight lung tracking treatment through a retrospective analysis of target structures and clinical data.Methods and MaterialsCVH and LVH metrics were retrospectively analyzed for 37 lung cancer patients. CVH and LVH were the same as dose‐volume histogram (DVH), but with a coverage and leakage replacing dose. For each patient, Iris collimator was optimized and selected based on CVH and LVH metrics. The CVH and LVH metrics were then compared to ascertain differences in 95% (C95) or 90% (C90) of the target coverage thresholds. The planning target volume (PTV) C95 and C90 coverage, absolute mean leakage value, leakage/coverage ratio, selected collimator diameter (Φ), Φ/length of the long axis of PTV (Amax), and Φ/length of the short axis (Amin) of PTV were compared. The correlation of the absolute mean leakage value, leakage/coverage ratio, Φ/Amin and Φ/Amax were evaluated.ResultsFor each patient, the PTV C95 coverage (70.45 vs 63.19) and C90 coverage (77.25 vs 69.96) were higher in the C95 coverage threshold group compared to the C90 coverage threshold group. The leakage/coverage ratio (0.56 vs 0.69) and absolute mean leakage value (0.56 vs 0.61) were lower in C90 coverage threshold group than in C95 coverage threshold group. The Spearmen correlation test showed the Φ/Amin were significantly correlated with leakage/coverage ratio and absolute mean leakage value. Upon analysis of the selected collimator diameters, the mean value of Φ/Amin of the optimized collimator diameters was found to be 1.10.ConclusionThe CVH and LVH analysis is able to quantitatively evaluate the tradeoff between target coverage and normal tissue sparing.
Fetal radiation dose of four tube voltages in abdominal CT examinations during pregnancy: A phantom study
Authors: Matsunaga Yuta , Haba Tomonobu , Kobayashi Masanao , Suzuki Shoichi , Asada Yasuki , Chida Koichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the dose and noise level of four tube voltages in abdominal computerized tomography (CT) examinations in different abdominal circumference sizes of pregnant women. Fetal radiation doses were measured with two anthropomorphic pregnant phantoms and real‐time dosimeters of photoluminescence sensors using four tube voltages for abdominal CT. The noise level was measured at the abdomen of two anthropomorphic pregnant phantoms. In the large pregnant phantom, the mean fetal doses performed using 120 and 135 kV were statistically significantly lower than the lower tube voltages (P < 0.05). In the small pregnant phantom, the mean fetal dose performed by 100, 120, and 135 kV was significantly lower than the lowest tube voltage tested (P < 0.05). The ratios of the peripheral mean dose to the centric mean dose showed that the ratios of 80 kV were the highest and those for 135 kV were the lowest in both pregnant phantoms. The ratios of the peripheral mean dose to the centric mean dose decreased as the tube voltage increased. Compared with low tube voltages, high tube voltages such as 120 and 135 kV could reduce radiation doses to the fetus without compromising the image uniformity in abdominal CT examinations during pregnancy. On low tube voltage protocols, the dose near the maternal skin surface may be increased in large pregnant women because of reduced penetration of the x rays.
Polymer Nanopillars Induce Increased Paxillin Adhesion Assembly and Promote Axon Growth in Primary Cortical Neurons
Authors: Milos Frano , Belu Andreea , Mayer Dirk , Maybeck Vanessa , Offenhäusser Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe complexity of the extracellular matrix consists of micro‐ and nanoscale structures that influence neuronal development through contact guidance. Substrates with defined topographic cues mimic the complex extracellular environment and can improve the interface between cells and biomedical devices as well as potentially serve as tissue engineering scaffolds. This study investigates axon development and growth of primary cortical neurons on OrmoComp nanopillars of various dimensions. Neuronal somas and neurites form adhesions and F‐actin accumulations around the pillars indicating a close contact to the topography. In addition, higher pillars (400 nm) confine the growing neurites, resulting in greater neurite alignment to the topographical pattern compared to lower pillars (100 nm). A comprehensive analysis of growth cone dynamics during axon development shows that nanopillars induce earlier axon establishment and change the periodicity of growth cone dynamics by promoting elongation. This results in longer axons compared to the flat substrate. Finally, the increase in surface area available for growth cone coupling provided by nanopillar sidewalls is correlated with increased assembly of paxillin‐rich point contact adhesions and a reduction in actin retrograde flow rates allowing for accelerated and persistent neurite outgrowth.
A Colon‐Targeted Oral Probiotics Delivery System Using an Enzyme‐Triggered Fuse‐Like Microcapsule
Authors: Cheng Qikun , Liu Lu , Xie Mingzhi , Li Hang , Ma Dong , Xue Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProbiotics are closely related to human health. However, it is hard to find an appropriate disintegration mode for encapsulation to balance the survival, release, and adhesion of probiotics simultaneously during the current colon‐targeted oral delivery, which leads to limited colonization. In this study, an enzyme‐triggered fuse‐like microcapsule is constructed using alginate and protamine via the electrostatic droplet combined with the layer by layer self‐assembly. The multilayer microcapsule can protect the probiotics in the stomach and disintegrate layer by layer under the catalysis of trypsin in the intestine. The formulation with two protamine layers showed the best protection for Escherichia coli MG1655 (EM) during the oral delivery; as well the minimal release at the gastric pH value but a burst release after 1 h at the intestinal pH value. In particular, the adhesion strength of EM is improved with the increase of the layer number. In vivo experiments demonstrate that the EM enters into the stationary phase within 12 h in the colon. Moreover, the blood biochemistry and histological analysis demonstrates the safety of the microcapsule formulation. It can be concluded that this microcapsule can help the probiotics survive during the delivery, then release and colonize in the colon.