bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tomentosin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in MOLT‐4 leukemia cancer cells through the inhibition of mTOR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Linlin , Xie Jin , Almoallim Hesham S. , Alharbi Sulaiman A. , Chen Yanli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLeukemia is amongst the cancers accountable for substantial mortality around the world. Tomentosin is a bioactive compound with a pharmacological significance, and its anticancer property against human leukemia MOLT‐4 cell line has never been reported. Hence, the objective of this study was to explore the anticancer activity of tomentosin in MOLT‐4 human leukemia cells. In the current investigation, the cytotoxic effects of tomentosin ensuing potent toxicity (IC50: 10 µM) in MOLT‐4 cells after incubation at 24 h have been presented. Furthermore, tomentosin triggered intracellular reactive oxygen species production and showed the induction of intrinsic/mitochondrial pathways in treated MOLT‐4 cells, revealing a significant cytotoxicity activity. Also, fluorescent microscopic studies using acridine orange/ethidium bromide and propidium iodide staining confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis in tomentosin‐treated MOLT‐4 cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction presented a negative regulation of cyclin D1 and BcL‐2 expression and a positive regulated BAX and caspase‐3 messenger RNA expression in tomentosin‐treated MOLT‐4 cells. Tomentosin further inhibited the inflammatory transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB), tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), and IL‐6. Additionally, inhibition of the m‐TOR/PI3K/AKT protein expression by tomentosin in MOLT‐4 cells was confirmed. Overall, these findings lead to a conclusion that tomentosin induces apoptosis in MOLT‐4 cells through caspase‐facilitated proapoptotic pathway, and inhibition of the NF‐κB‐stimulated Bcl‐2 facilitated the antiapoptotic pathway.
Endoscopic treatment for a giant gastric bezoar: Sequential use of electrohydraulic lithotripsy, alligator forceps, and snares
Authors: Jinushi Ryuhei , Yano Takahiko , Imamura Noriatsu , Ishii Naoki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 62‐year‐old woman with no past history was referred to our hospital for endoscopic treatment of a large gastric bezoar measuring 10 cm in diameter. The bezoar had a hard surface and huge volume. A tunnel was created at the center of the bezoar using electrohydraulic lithotripsy and was dilated using a through‐the‐scope balloon. The bezoar was then gradually crushed using alligator forceps and snares to decrease the risk of intestinal obstruction by the crushed bezoar fragments. The sequential use of electrohydraulic lithotripsy, alligator forceps, and snares according to the therapeutic plan enabled the endoscopic treatment of the giant gastric bezoar without surgery.
Epidemiology of influenza B infection in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 2003 to 2019
Authors: Duarte Marina Beretta , Gregianini Tatiana Schäffer , Martins Letícia G. , Veiga Ana Beatriz G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInfluenza B virus (IBV) causes respiratory tract infections with mild, moderate, or life‐threatening symptoms. This study describes the epidemiology of IBV infection in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, over 17 years. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from outpatients presenting acute respiratory illness (ARI) between 2003 and 2019, and from inpatients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) from 2009 to 2019. IBV was detected by immunofluorescence assay or quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction; demographic and clinical data were analyzed. In total, 48,656 cases of respiratory infection were analyzed, of which 20.45% were ARI, and 79.46% were SARI. Respiratory viruses accounted for 22.59% and 37.47% of the cases of ARI and SARI, respectively. Considering respiratory viral infections, 17.10% of ARI and 3.06% of SARI were associated with IBV. IBV circulated year‐round in RS, with an increase in autumn and winter, peaking in July (p = .005). IBV infection showed an association with age, and most outpatients positive for IBV were between 10 and 49 years old, whereas IBV infection in SARI affected mainly individuals ≤ 1 year or ≥ 60 years old. No significant association was found between sex and IBV infection. Coryza, sore throat, and myalgia were associated with ARI (p < .001). Moreover, 3.18% of the deaths associated with respiratory virus infection were positive for IBV; notably, cardiopathy (p < .001), metabolic disease (p < .001), and smoking (p = .003) were associated to fatality in IBV infection. IBV is an important cause of severe respiratory infections, and the fatality risk is high in individuals with cardiopathy and metabolic diseases.
Impact of image integration on clinical and procedural outcomes of radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mammadli Anar , Demirtola Ayse I. , Diker Erdem 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the impact of image integration technique on clinical and procedural outcomes in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation with a three‐dimensional electroanatomic mapping system.MethodsRandomized controlled trials were identified through a systematic literature search of PubMed and CENTRAL databases from inception to April 2020. The primary outcome was arrhythmia recurrence during the follow‐up period. The secondary outcomes were the difference in total procedural time and fluoroscopy time.ResultsFour studies with a total of 749 patients were included. The pooled result showed no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to arrhythmia recurrence (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.47‐1.21), fluoroscopy time (MD, −6 minutes; 95% CI, −23.4 to 11.3), and total procedural time (MD, 1.1 minutes; 95% CI, −31.8 to 34.1).ConclusionImage integration to guide radiofrequency catheter ablation for patients with atrial fibrillation does not improve clinical and procedural outcomes.
An integrated multi‐GCMs Bayesian‐neural‐network hydrological analysis method for quantifying climate change impact on runoff of the Amu Darya River basin
Authors: Su Yuanyuan , Li Yongping , Liu Yuanrui , Huang Guohe , Jia Qimeng , Li Yanfeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs one of the most pressing issues in the world, climate change has already caused evident impacts on natural and human systems (e.g., hydrological cycle, eco‐environment and socio‐economy) in recent decades. In this study, an integrated multi‐GCMs Bayesian‐neural‐network hydrological analysis (MBHA) method is developed for quantifying climate change impacts on runoff. MBHA incorporates multiple global climate models (multi‐GCMs), hydrological model (HBV‐light), and Bayesian neural network (BNN) within a general framework. MBHA can provide the reliable prediction for runoff as well as reflect the impact of climate change on data scarcity catchments. MBHA is applied to the Amu Darya River basin in Central Asia. Climate data are derived from multiple GCMs (i.e., GFDL‐ESM2G, HadGEM2‐AO and NorESM1‐M) under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Several findings can be summarized: (1) during 2021–2100, both precipitation and temperature would increase, with more precipitation falling as rain instead of snow; (2) by 2100, glacier areas are predicted to reduce by 62.3% (RCP4.5) and 71.9% (RCP8.5); (3) under RCP8.5, monthly runoff would increase by 11.2% in 2021–2060 and reduce by 5.0% in 2061–2100; this is because the glaciers would rapidly disappear with the rising temperature after 2060. The findings suggest that the shrinked glacier and the reduced runoff threaten the water availability especially in summer seasons as well as affect the agricultural irrigation in the downstream of the Amu Darya River.
Human angiotensin I‐converting enzyme study by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Boginskaya Irina , Nechaeva Natalia , Tikhomirova Victoria , Kryukova Olga , Evdokimov Valery , Bulaeva Naida , Golukhova Elena , Ryzhikov Ilya , Kost Olga , Afanasev Konstantin , Vereshchagin Konstantin , Kurochkin Ilya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAngiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) is a glycoprotein, consisting of two homologous domains within a single polypeptide chain. ACE concentration in biological fluids is an important parameter of clinical observation; its increase or decrease may accompany various pathologies. Currently, the exact crystal structure of the two‐domain ACE form is still unknown because of microheterogeneity and intensity of the enzyme glycosylation. Raman spectroscopy provides the qualitative and quantitative analysis of many compounds, including proteins. For the first time, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of native and thermo‐denatured human ACE have been demonstrated with full assignment. Denaturation leads to SERS intensity increase and bands shifting. Detailed band assignment and discussion are included to elucidate the potential site of ACE interaction with the silver surface. Based on SERS spectra, we characterized the region on the ACE molecule in contact with the substrate and demonstrated the model of the two‐domain ACE adsorbed on a silver matrix.
Role of non‐thermal treatments and fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum on in vitro bioaccessibility of bioactives from vegetable juice
Authors: Dogan Kubra , Akman Perihan Kubra , Tornuk Fatih 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDLactic acid fermentation is a natural way to increase the bioactive and functional properties of fruit and vegetable juices. In this study, the in vitro gastrointestional digestion of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity of mixed vegetable juice was investigated as affected by fermentation with probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum and non‐thermal treatments (ultraviolet (UV) and/or ultrasonic (US) treatment). For this purpose heat, US, UV or US/UV treated vegetable juice samples were fermented by probiotic L. plantarum and percentage recovery of bioactive (total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC) and total anthocyanin contents (TAC) and antioxidant (DPPH [1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl] and CUPRAC [CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity]) properties was evaluated during simulated gastrointestinal digestion.RESULTSTotal mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB) and total yeast‐mold (TYM) counts were significantly decreased by thermal and non‐thermal processes and coliforms were fully eliminated. The bioaccessibility of total phenolics, anthocyanins, and flavonoids decreased after in vitro digestion. In general, recovery (5.78–34.71%) and serum availability of the bioactives was positively influenced by the fermentation and non‐thermal treatments. Phenolics and anthocyanins exhibited the highest and the lowest recovery, respectively, while post‐digestion recovery of antioxidant was between that of the phenolics and anthocyanins.CONCLUSIONSThis study confirmed that US and UV treatment could be advantageous alternatives to heat treatment for ensuring the microbial safety of vegetable juices with increased in vitro bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds while probiotic fermentation with L. plantarum contributed to the improvement of the bioactive profile. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of Fetal Cardiac Size and Shape: A New Screening Tool to Identify Fetuses at Risk for Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: DeVore Greggory R. , Satou Gary M. , Afshar Yalda , Harake Danielle , Sklansky Mark 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivePrenatal detection rates for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) vary between 23 and 85.7%, in part because of the absence of significant structural abnormalities of the 4‐chamber view (4CV), as well as the relative difficulty in detection of abnormalities during the screening examination of the outflow tracts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the 4CV and ventricles in fetuses with TOF may be characterized by abnormalities of size and shape of these structures.MethodsThis study retrospectively evaluated 44 fetuses with the postnatal diagnosis of TOF. Measurements were made from the 4CV (end‐diastolic length, width, area, global sphericity index, and cardiac axis) and the right (RV) and left (LV) ventricles (area, length, 24‐segment transverse widths, sphericity index, and RV/LV ratios). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables that might separate fetuses with TOF from normal controls.ResultsThe mean gestational age at the time of the last examination prior to delivery was 28 weeks 5 days (SD 4 weeks, 4 days). The mean z‐scores were significantly lower in fetuses with TOF for the 4CV and RV and LV measurements of size and shape. Logistic regression analysis identified simple linear measurements of the 4CV, RV, and LV that had a sensitivity of 90.9 and specificity of 98.5% that outperformed the 4CV cardiac axis (sensitivity of 22.7%) as a screening tool for TOF.ConclusionsMeasurements of the 4CV, RV, and LV can be used as an adjunct to the outflow tract screening examination to identify fetuses with TOF.
Optimization and characterization of rice–pigeon pea flour blend using extrusion cooking process
Authors: Banki Ndaliman Mohammed , Salihu Aliyu , Muhammad Aliyu , Bala Shuaibu Mallam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study was carried out to formulate rice and pigeon pea flour blend with the aim of providing nutrient‐enriched and inexpensive food for developing countries where the raw materials are found in abundance. Three factors (screw speed, feed moisture content and feed blend composition) affecting the extrusion cooking process were subjected to face‐centred central composite design (FCCCD), and physical properties were used as the response. Analysis of variance showed that the developed quadratic model was significant with coefficient of determinations (R2) of 0.96 for expansion index, 0.93 for bulk density and 0.88 for water absorption index. Validation experiments were carried out where four rice–pigeon pea flour blends were subjected to physical, mineral and amino acid analyses. Formulation 3 set at screw speed, feed moisture content and feed blend composition of 220 rpm, 30% and 25%, respectively, led to maximum expansion index of 9.98 ± 0.15, bulk density of 0.12 ± 0.01 g/mL and water absorption index of 6.41 ± 0.07. There was significant (p < 0.05) increase in essential amino acids in all the developed rice–pigeon pea flour blends, and Formulation 3 was found to be two‐ and fivefold higher in terms of methionine and lysine contents, respectively, than the control (extruded rice). Similarly, calcium (3.41 ± 0.07 mg/100 g), iron (12.64 ± 0.03 mg/100 g) and zinc (9.33 ± 0.02 g/100 g) contents in Formulation 3 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the values of 1.19 ± 0.13, 5.89 ± 0.10 and 2.67 ± 0.05 mg/100 g recorded, respectively, for the extruded rice (control). In conclusion, the extruded rice–pigeon pea flour blend showed better physical properties and nutritional quality than the extruded rice.
The effectiveness of role autonomy in influencing job pursuit intentions of customer‐oriented frontline job seekers
Authors: O'Brien Sharon , O'Toole Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAttracting customer‐oriented frontline employee (FLE) job seekers is important for many service organisations, particularly in competitive environments. It is widely accepted that FLEs' customer‐focused behaviours are instrumental in organisational success. Numerous studies demonstrate that autonomy plays an important role in supporting FLEs' self‐efficacy and in helping to reduce stress attributed to job demands. While autonomy is recognised as a key resource for FLEs, its influence over job pursuit intentions of tertiary‐educated FLE job seekers has received little empirical attention. Based on a sample of 120 undergraduates in their final year and postgraduate students in an Irish university we address this question and the possible impact of perceived job complexity on job pursuit intentions of this particular cohort. In addition, we investigate whether the individual difference characteristic of customer orientation (CO) affects the extent to which autonomy influences job pursuit intentions. Results support the importance of autonomy however, the findings suggest that autonomy's effect on job pursuit intentions is influenced by job seekers' individual CO. The results indicate that autonomy has a stronger effect on job pursuit intentions of FLE job seekers (educated to undergraduate level and beyond) with high versus low CO.
Stochastic Modeling of Poly(acrylate) Distributions Obtained by Radical Polymerization under High‐Temperature Semi‐Batch Starved‐Feed Conditions: Investigation of Model Predictions versus Experimental Data
Authors: Nasresfahani Amin , Heidarzadeh Nina , Bygott Elizabeth G. , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSecondary reactions significantly affect acrylate polymerization rates as well as the architecture of polymer produced by high‐temperature solution radical polymerization. This impact is amplified under the semi‐batch starved‐feed policy used to keep monomer concentration low. Thus, the importance of intramolecular chain transfer (backbiting) is significantly increased, generating a tertiary radical center capable of termination, propagation, and scission. In this investigation, a comprehensive stochastic model is formulated to represent results from an experimental study designed to increase the fraction of reactive terminal double bonds (TDB) in the poly(butyl acrylate) product. Model predictions generated using three sets of literature kinetic parameters for backbiting and scission are compared. While each provides reasonable predictions of some reaction characteristics (e.g., free monomer levels, polymer molecular weights, polymer TDB content), none provide an adequate representation of all aspects of the polymerization. It is concluded that other reaction pathways might be needed to represent the system under semi‐batch conditions, thus explaining the discrepancies seen among the current parameter estimates.
Genotype–Phenotype Relations for Isolated Dystonia Genes: MDSGene Systematic Review
Authors: Lange Lara M. , Junker Johanna , Loens Sebastian , Baumann Hauke , Olschewski Luisa , Schaake Susen , Madoev Harutyun , Petkovic Sonja , Kuhnke Neele , Kasten Meike , Westenberger Ana , Domingo Aloysius , Marras Connie , König Inke R. , Camargos Sarah , Ozelius Laurie J. , Klein Christine , Lohmann Katja 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThis comprehensive MDSGene review is devoted to 7 genes — TOR1A, THAP1, GNAL, ANO3, PRKRA, KMT2B, and HPCA — mutations in which may cause isolated dystonia. It followed MDSGene's standardized data extraction protocol and screened a total of ~1200 citations. Phenotypic and genotypic data on ~1200 patients with 254 different mutations were curated and analyzed. There were differences regarding age at onset, site of onset, and distribution of symptoms across mutation carriers in all 7 genes. Although carriers of TOR1A, THAP1, PRKRA, KMT2B, or HPCA mutations mostly showed childhood and adolescent onset, patients with GNAL and ANO3 mutations often developed first symptoms in adulthood. GNAL and KMT2B mutation carriers frequently have 1 predominant site of onset, that is, the neck (GNAL) or the lower limbs (KMT2B), whereas site of onset in DYT‐TOR1A, DYT‐THAP1, DYT‐ANO3, DYT‐PRKRA, and DYT‐HPCA was broader. However, in most DYT‐THAP1 and DYT‐ANO3 patients, dystonia first manifested in the upper half of the body (upper limb, neck, and craniofacial/laryngeal), whereas onset in DYT‐TOR1A, DYT‐PRKRA and DYT‐HPCA was frequently observed in an extremity, including both upper and lower ones. For ANO3, a segmental/multifocal distribution was typical, whereas TOR1A, PRKRA, KMT2B, and HPCA mutation carriers commonly developed generalized dystonia. THAP1 mutation carriers presented with focal, segmental/multifocal, or generalized dystonia in almost equal proportions. GNAL mutation carriers rarely showed generalization. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of hereditary isolated dystonia. The data are also available in an online database (http://www.mdsgene.org), which additionally offers descriptive summary statistics. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Oxidized Pork Induces Disorders of Glucose Metabolism in Mice
Authors: Ge Yueting , Li Bowen , Yang Yuhui , Feng Chuanxing , Tang Xue , Shi Yonghui , Le Guowei , Sun Jin 
Published: January 2021

ScopeConsumption of red meat, particularly processed red meat, has been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes risk, and oxidized proteins and amino acids may be involved in this process. This study explores the effects of pork with varying degrees of oxidative injury caused by cooking on glucose metabolism in mice.Methods and resultsCooked pork is freeze‐dried to prepare animal feed. Mice are fed either a control diet (CON), a low‐ (LOP), or a high‐oxidative injury pork diet (HOP) for 12 weeks. Intake of HOP causes hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and impaired glucose tolerance, indicating a glucose metabolism disorder. Accumulation of oxidation products increases oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which impairs pancreatic islet β cells function and reduces insulin secretion. Moreover, HOP‐mediated hyperglycemia can be partly attributed to elevated hepatic glucose output, as indicated by increased gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, and decreased glycolysis and glycogen content. Changes in these processes may be regulated by reduced insulin levels and suppression of the insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1)/phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway and its downstream signaling molecules.ConclusionHOP intake induces disorders of glucose metabolism by impairing pancreatic insulin secretion and increasing hepatic glucose output. Protein oxidation plays a key role in abnormal glucose metabolism induced by HOP.
Clinical target volume segmentation for stomach cancer by stochastic width deep neural network
Authors: Xu Lei , Hu Junjie , Song Ying , Bai Sen , Yi Zhang 
Published: January 2021

PurposePrecise segmentation of clinical target volume (CTV) is the key to stomach cancer radiotherapy. We proposed a novel stochastic width‐deep neural network (SW‐DNN) for better automatically contouring stomach CTV.MethodsStochastic width‐deep neural network was an end‐to‐end approach, of which the core component was a novel SW mechanism that employed shortcut connections between the encoder and decoder in a random manner, and thus the width of the SW‐DNN was stochastically adjustable to obtain improved segmentation results. In total, 150 stomach cancer patient computed tomography (CT) cases with the corresponding CTV labels were collected and used to train and evaluate the SW‐DNN. Three common quantitative measures: true positive volume fraction (TPVF), positive predictive value (PPV), and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) were used to evaluate the segmentation accuracy.ResultsClinical target volumes calculated by SW‐DNN had significant quantitative advantages over three state‐of‐the‐art methods. The average DSC value of SW‐DNN was 2.1%, 2.8%, and 3.6% higher than that of three state‐of‐the‐art methods. The average DSC, TPVF, and PPV values of SW‐DNN were 2.1%, 4.0%, and 0.3% higher than that of the corresponding constant width DNN.ConclusionsStochastic width‐deep neural network provided better performance for contouring stomach cancer CTV accurately and efficiently. It is a promising solution in clinical radiotherapy planning for stomach cancer.