bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of claims‐based algorithms for selected cancers in Japan: Results from the VALIDATE‐J study
Authors: de Luise Cynthia , Sugiyama Naonobu , Morishima Toshitaka , Higuchi Takakazu , Katayama Kayoko , Nakamura Sho , Chen Haoqian , Nonnenmacher Edward , Hase Ryota , Jinno Sadao , Kinjo Mitsuyo , Suzuki Daisuke , Tanaka Yoshiya , Setoguchi Soko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeReal‐world data from large administrative claims databases in Japan have recently become available, but limited evidence exists to support their validity. VALIDATE‐J validated claims‐based algorithms for selected cancers in Japan.MethodsVALIDATE‐J was a multicenter, cross‐sectional, retrospective study. Disease‐identifying algorithms were used to identify cancers diagnosed between January or March 2012 and December 2016 using claims data from two hospitals in Japan. Positive predictive values (PPVs), specificity, and sensitivity were calculated for prevalent (regardless of baseline cancer‐free period) and incident (12‐month cancer‐free period; with claims and registry periods in the same month) cases, using hospital cancer registry data as gold standard.Results22 108 cancers were identified in the hospital claims databases. PPVs (number of registry cases) for prevalent/incident cases were: any malignancy 79.0% (25 934)/73.1% (18 119); colorectal 84.4% (3519)/65.6% (2340); gastric 87.4% (3534)/76.8% (2279); lung 88.1% (2066)/79.9% (1636); breast 86.4% (4959)/59.9% (3185); pancreatic 87.1% (582)/80.4% (508); melanoma 48.7% (46)/42.9% (36); and lymphoma 83.6% (1457)/77.8% (1035). Specificity ranged from 98.3% to 100% (prevalent)/99.5% to 100% (incident); sensitivity ranged from 39.1% to 67.6% (prevalent)/12.5% to 31.4% (incident). PPVs of claims‐based algorithms for several cancers in patients ≥66 years of age were slightly higher than those in a US Medicare population.ConclusionsVALIDATE‐J demonstrated high specificity and modest‐to‐moderate sensitivity for claims‐based algorithms of most malignancies using Japanese claims data. Use of claims‐based algorithms will enable identification of patient populations from claims databases, while avoiding direct patient identification. Further research is needed to confirm the generalizability of our results and applicability to specific subgroups of patient populations.
Tunable helical structures formed by blending ABC triblock copolymers and C homopolymers in nanopores
Authors: Chen Ka , Wang Feng , Liu Meijiao , Wang Xinping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractABC triblock copolymers with frustrated interactions of χACN ≪ χABN ~ χBCN confined in nanopores with A‐block‐attracting surfaces can self‐assemble into helical morphologies, where the B blocks form helical domains wrapping around C‐core cylinders within the A shell. It has been suggested that the number of helical strands (m) increases as the volume fraction of C block (fC) decreases, while the increasing m is restricted because C blocks forming domains cannot maintain a cylindrical shape as fC gradually decreases, and the B block domains transform from helical structures to toroidal domains. To prevent the restriction of increasing m, in the current study we added C homopolymers into nanopores. For a given triblock copolymer with (χABN, χBCN, χACN) = (80, 80, 20) and (fA, fB, fC) = (0.7, 0.1, 0.2), varying the concentration (ϕH) and the chain length (γ) of the C homopolymers, as well as the diameter (D) of the nanopores, we constructed different two‐dimensional phase diagrams with respect to two of these control parameters using self‐consistent field theory. A number of helical structures with strands ranging from 1 to 6 are predicted. Our calculations indicate that m increases with increasing γ and D and decreasing ϕH. The theoretical results demonstrate that blending of homopolymer with one given triblock terpolymer could provide an efficient route to fabricate different complex helical nanostructures. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
All‐organic polymer blend dielectrics of poly (arylene ether urea) and polyimide: Toward high energy density and high temperature applications
Authors: Ahmad Aftab , Tong Hui , Fan Tao , Xu Ju 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of high‐performance dielectric films with high energy density and temperature stability is extremely desired for modern electronics and power systems. Herein, a simple and low‐cost approach is proposed to fabricate all‐organic blend films prepared from poly (arylene ether urea) (PEEU) and polyimide (PI) via solution casting and thermal imidization process. The incorporation of PEEU in PI matrix significantly improved dielectric breakdown strength and dielectric constant of PI. More precisely, blend film with 15 wt% PEEU exhibited highest energy density 5.14 J/cm3 at 495.65 MV/m, with enhanced dielectric constant of 4.73 and very low dissipation factor of 0.299%. Furthermore, the dielectric properties of the PEEU/PI blend displayed wonderful temperature stability in the range of − 50–+ 250°C, and great frequency stability between 10 and 106 Hz. The blend film also exhibited excellent heat resistance and presented valuable potential in thin film capacitors for high voltage direct current system.
Edible mycorrhizal fungi of the world: What is their role in forest sustainability, food security, biocultural conservation and climate change?
Authors: Pérez‐Moreno Jesús , Guerin‐Laguette Alexis , Rinaldi Andrea C. , Yu Fuqiang , Verbeken Annemieke , Hernández‐Santiago Faustino , Martínez‐Reyes Magdalena 
Published: May 2021

Societal Impact StatementEdible mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) have been consumed since ancestral times by humans either as food, medicine or for ceremonial use. Nowadays, they are a non‐timber forest product and a diverse genetic resource with great ecological, sociocultural, economic, medicinal and biotechnological relevance around the world. Therefore, they have a paramount role to play in meeting the United Nations global sustainable development goals 2030. EMF may promote forest sustainability, biodiversity conservation, mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions through the maintenance of forest masses, human nutrition and health, economic development, conservation of biocultural heritages, women empowerment and hunger mitigation. We provide a worldwide review of the knowledge, biodiversity, novel approaches, future challenges and perspectives in the post‐COVID era of this important genetic resource whose relevance has usually received marginal attention despite its strategic global significance.SummaryEctomycorrhizal fungi play a key role in the structure and functioning of forest ecosystems. They have a paramount importance in nutrient cycling, plant protection against pathogens and abiotic stress, and establishment of underground networks that connect trees and other plants in nature, therefore being the wood wide web, the ‘internet’ of the forests. According to our literature review, globally 970 mycorrhizal fungal species (including both mushrooms and truffles) are edible, and they have enormous relevance either as a source of subsistence in low‐income human groups around the world or as an important economic component whose international commerce is worth billions of American dollars annually. Since edible mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are a non‐timber forest product, their sustainable use and management is crucial in order to maintain forest stands and to provide well‐being to the human communities surrounding the forested areas where they grow. In different parts of the world, different cultures have developed a traditional knowledge of EMF over millennia. Their knowledge might play an important role in food supply and food security in the future, hence contributing towards the “zero hunger” global goal. The biotechnological development of EMF has also been crucial in the establishment of plantations, or successful reforestation and ecosystem restoration, which contribute to climate change mitigation by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Here, a worldwide review of how EMF might contribute to forest sustainability, food supply, biocultural conservation, and hunger and climate change mitigation is addressed by analysing the similarities, contrasts and challenges in all five continents.
Comparison of dosimetric characteristics between flattening filter‐free and flattening filter mode volumetric‐modulated arc therapy plans in rectal cancer
Authors: Ding Zhen , Xiang Xiaoyong , Kang Kailian , Zeng Qi , Yuan Qingqing , Xu Meiling 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to compare the dosimetric characteristics of 6‐MV flattening filter mode (FF) and flattening filter‐free mode (FFF) volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans in preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer using an Edge linear accelerator.MethodsTwo‐arc FF‐VMAT and FFF‐VMAT plans were generated for 15 patients with rectal cancer using the Philips Pinnacle treatment planning system (version 9.10). The homogeneity index, conformity index, planning target volume covered by 105% isodose lines, organ‐at‐risk dosimetry characteristics, and monitor units (MUs) were compared between the plans. The results were analyzed using paired t‐tests.ResultsThe conformity index of the FF‐VMAT plan and FFF‐VMAT plan were (0.93 ± 0.01) and (0.92 ± 0.02), and the homogeneity index of the two groups were (0.07 ± 0.03) and (0.08 ± 0.01), the differences were not statistically significant (both P > 0.05). The volume covered by 105% isodose lines of the FFF‐VMAT plan was significantly higher than that of the FF‐VMAT plan. The FFF‐VMAT plan required a higher monitor unit (t = 11.49, P = 0.002) and shorter beam‐on time (t = 5.78, P = 0.001) compared with the FF‐VMAT plan. There were no significant differences in the absolute volume receiving 30 Gy and 40 Gy of the bladder between the plans. The absolute volume receiving 30 Gy and absolute volume receiving 40 Gy of the intestine and colon in the FFF‐VMAT plan increased by 5.5% and 2.1% compared with those in the FF‐VMAT plans that increased by 7.2% and 2.2%, respectively (both P > 0.05). The absolute volume receiving 20 Gy of the left and right femoral head in the FFF‐VMAT plan decreased by 3.7% and 4.9% compared with those in the FF‐VMAT plans (P > 0.05).ConclusionBoth FF‐VMAT and FFF‐VMAT plans met the clinical requirements.
Evidence for the preferential reuse of sub‐domain motifs in primordial protein folds
Authors: Heizinger Leonhard , Merkl Rainer 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA comparison of protein backbones makes clear that not more than approximately 1400 different folds exist, each specifying the three‐dimensional topology of a protein domain. Large proteins are composed of specific domain combinations and many domains can accommodate different functions. These findings confirm that the reuse of domains is key for the evolution of multi‐domain proteins. If reuse was also the driving force for domain evolution, ancestral fragments of sub‐domain size exist that are shared between domains possessing significantly different topologies. For the fully automated detection of putatively ancestral motifs, we developed the algorithm Fragstatt that compares proteins pairwise to identify fragments, that is, instantiations of the same motif. To reach maximal sensitivity, Fragstatt compares sequences by means of cascaded alignments of profile Hidden Markov Models. If the fragment sequences are sufficiently similar, the program determines and scores the structural concordance of the fragments. By analyzing a comprehensive set of proteins from the CATH database, Fragstatt identified 12 532 partially overlapping and structurally similar motifs that clustered to 134 unique motifs. The dissemination of these motifs is limited: We found only two domain topologies that contain two different motifs and generally, these motifs occur in not more than 18% of the CATH topologies. Interestingly, motifs are enriched in topologies that are considered ancestral. Thus, our findings suggest that the reuse of sub‐domain sized fragments was relevant in early phases of protein evolution and became less important later on.
A novel encapsulation of Streptomyces fulvissimus Uts22 by spray drying and its biocontrol efficiency against Gaeumannomyces graminis, the causal agent of take‐all disease in wheat
Authors: Saberi‐Riseh Roohallah , Moradi‐Pour Mojde 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDWheat is a valuable food source that is exposed to many diseases that reduce its quantity and quality. One of the most important diseases affecting wheat is take‐all, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. The application of bacterial inoculants into the soil can increase plant nutrient absorption and enhance the efficiency of probiotic bacteria. For increased beneficial bacteria efficiency, the encapsulation technique has been used in agriculture.RESULTSThe results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) indicated that the prepared formulation is a mixture of gellan and chitosan. Using SEM, the spherical structure of the microcapsules was confirmed. It was observed that the increase in bacterial release was gradual, and the highest amount of bacteria was released (109 CFU mL–1) on the 50th day. Greenhouse experiments showed that plants treated with S. fulvissimus Uts22 microcapsules had the highest efficiency with 90% disease control. Moreover, the highest fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots were observed in this treatment.CONCLUSIONIn this study, a new type of formulation aiming at controlling wheat take‐all disease was developed through bacterial and nanoparticles loaded chitosan‐ gellan gum microcapsules with spray drying method. This formulation has many advantages, such as a large surface area and high internal porosity and increased water‐holding capacity, while it also provides a proper habitat for bacteria to increase colonization rates and offers protection of the soil. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fisher information and density functional theory
Authors: Nagy Ágnes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRelationship of Fisher information and density functional theory is reviewed. Links between the Fisher and Shannon information, the local wave‐vector and the relative information are displayed. Euler equations for the Fisher and relative Fisher information are presented. A combined information theoretical and thermodynamic view of density functional theory is analyzed. The extremum of the Shannon and Fisher information results a constant temperature and for Coulomb systems a simple relation between the total energy and phase‐space Fisher information. Relations for phase‐spase fidelity, fidelity susceptibility and relative information are also presented.
A case of lipoid pneumonia associated with occupational exposure to solvents in a dry‐cleaning worker
Authors: Park Sunji , Park Ji Eun , Lee Jaehee 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLipoid pneumonia can develop from exposure to different types of oil, but occupational exposure is rare. A 58‐year‐old woman was referred to our hospital for patchy airspace opacities in the lungs with lower lobe predominance on chest computed tomography. She was diagnosed with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma seven years ago, but was in complete remission. She had mild cough and sputum, but no history of taking any lipid‐containing agents. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed lipid‐laden macrophages with Oil Red O staining, which led to the suspicion of lipoid pneumonia. Re‐evaluation of her personal history revealed that she was a dry‐cleaning worker who worked with organic solvent sprayers. Her condition was successfully managed with corticosteroids and avoidance of further occupational exposure to the substance. This rare case of occupational exogenous lipoid pneumonia in a dry‐cleaning worker suggests the importance of considering a patient's occupational history during diagnosis.
Seasonal and diurnal fluctuations of coarse particulate organic matter transport in a snowmelt‐dominated stream
Authors: Marshall Anna , Iskin Emily , Wohl Ellen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe measured coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) transport along a wood‐rich, pool‐riffle mountain stream in the Southern Rockies of Colorado, USA, to examine how spatial variations in storage features and temporal variations in discharge influence the transport of CPOM. Ecologists have found that the majority of annual CPOM export occurs during periods of high discharge. More recently, geomorphologists have begun to examine the transport of CPOM as bedload. There has been, however, little direct sampling of CPOM to evaluate how shorter (diurnal) and longer (seasonal peak flow) variations in discharge affect CPOM transport, and no examination of where CPOM is transported in the water column (primarily in suspension or as bedload). We collected CPOM moving as bedload, in suspension (at 0.6 of the flow depth) and at the surface to evaluate CPOM transport processes. Samples were collected at three sites: (1) in the backwater pool upstream from a channel‐spanning logjam; (2) immediately downstream from the logjam; and (3) in a riffle about 10 bankfull‐channel‐widths downstream from any channel‐spanning logjams. During sample sets, we collected samples over 15‐min increments at approximately 4‐hr intervals over a 24‐hr period. Seven sample sets were distributed over a period of 2 months that spanned the rise, peak, and recession of the annual snowmelt flood. We found that the majority of CPOM is transported in suspension following a clockwise hysteresis loop in which CPOM peaks prior to discharge during the seasonal hydrograph.
Development of ReaxFFSFOH Force Field for SF6‐H2O/O2 Hybrid System Based on Synergetic Optimization by CMA‐ES and MC Methodology
Authors: Liu Heng , Wang Jingrui , Li Qingmin , Haddad A. Manu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe reactive force field (ReaxFF) based molecular dynamic (MD) simulation provides a new perspective for studying the microscopic decomposition mechanism of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) under fault conditions. Since none of the published ReaxFF force fields contains proper interaction relationship between S, F, O and H elements, the development of ReaxFF parameters for SF6‐H2O/O2 hybrid system is urgently needed. In this work, a universal and efficient covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy (CMA‐ES) and Monte‐Carlo FF (MCFF) synergetic (CMS) optimization strategy for ReaxFF parameter is proposed. The optimization results for two representative force fields (disulfide and silica) from literature show that under the same number of evaluations, the CMS optimization strategy significantly reduces the optimization error by 22.08 % (disulfide) and 10.3 % (silica) respectively. By applying CMS strategy, the ReaxFFSFOH force field for SF6‐H2O/O2 hybrid system is efficiently obtained. Through multi‐dimensional force field performance verification, we find that the bond length calculation error between ReaxFF and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results is mainly concentrated within ±0.05 Å, and the bond angle error is mostly within ±5°. In addition, the trends of relative energy changes during chemical reaction processes calculated by ReaxFF are basically consistent with the DFT results. This work lays a solid foundation for the in‐depth study of the microscopic influence mechanism of trace H2O and trace O2 in the decomposition process of SF6.
Introducing Bacteria and Synthetic Biomolecules along Engineered DNA Fibers
Authors: Burns Jonathan R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanotechnology enables user‐defined structures to be built with unrivalled control. The approach is currently restricted across the nanoscale, yet the ability to generate macroscopic DNA structures has enormous potential with applications spanning material, physical, and biological science. To address this need, I employed DNA nanotechnology and developed a new macromolecular nanoarchitectonic assembly method to produce DNA fibers with customizable properties. The process involves coalescing DNA nanotubes under high salt conditions to yield filament superstructures. Using this strategy, fibers over 100 microns long, with stiffnesses 10 times greater than cytoskeletal actin filaments can be fabricated. The DNA framework enables fibers to be functionalized with advanced synthetic molecules, including, aptamers, origami, nanoparticles, and vesicles. In addition, the fibers can act as bacterial extracellular scaffolds and adhere Escherichia coli cells in a controllable fashion. These results showcase the opportunities offered from DNA nanotechnology across the macroscopic scale. The new biophysical approach should find widespread use, from the generation of hybrid‐fabric materials, smart analytical devices in biomedicine, and platforms to study cell‐cell interactions.
Controlled Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis of High‐Performance LiFePO4 for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Zhaojin , Yang Jinxing , Guang Tianjia , Fan Bingbing , Zhu Kongjun , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe sluggish Li‐ion diffusivity in LiFePO4, a famous cathode material, relies heavily on the employment of a broad spectrum of modifications to accelerate the slow kinetics, including size and orientation control, coating with electron‐conducting layer, aliovalent ion doping, and defect control. These strategies are generally implemented by employing the hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis, as reflected by the hundreds of publications on hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis in recent years. However, LiFePO4 is far from the level of controllable preparation, due to the lack of the understanding of the relations between the synthesis condition and the nucleation‐and‐growth of LiFePO4. In this paper, the recent progress in controlled hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis of LiFePO4 is first summarized, before an insight into the relations between the synthesis condition and the nucleation‐and‐growth of LiFePO4 is obtained. Thereafter, a review over surface decoration, lattice substitution, and defect control is provided. Moreover, new research directions and future trends are also discussed.
Display of Rich Reactivities of Endo‐ and Exocyclic Unsaturated Sugars that Parallel the Native Sugars
Authors: Jayaraman Narayanaswamy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnsaturated monosaccharides expand the scope of reactivities in a sugar, directly leading to the development of newer methodologies, molecular structures and functional entities. The unsaturation as a reactive moiety can either be within the molecule, namely, endocyclic, or as a pendant moiety around the molecule, namely, exocyclic. One carbon homologations aided by reactions at the unsaturated moiety expand the molecular structures in both endo‐ and exocyclic sugars and lead to structures that are largely hitherto unknown. Molecular shifts and rearrangements permit interchanging the reactivities from one carbon to the other in unsaturated sugars. Activations of exocyclic unsaturated sugars also find newer possibilities to reactions central to the sugar chemistry, namely, the glycosylations. The personal reflections result from a couple of decades of explorations that traverse through the unsaturated sugars from different vantage points.