bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory and conceptual frameworks: blame and credit/centralization and decentralization
Authors: Jarman H , Williams N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this presentation we will introduce the politics of blame-avoidance and credit taking. We will also conceptualize centralization between and within governments and lay out the conceptual frameworks which have guided this research. It is almost axiomatic in political science that politicians seek credit and avoid blame. If there is something that will be popular, they try to take credit for it; and if there is something unpopular, they will try to avoid blame and, if possible, cast blame for it onto opponents. If good or bad outcomes cannot be traced to their actions, they will try to change the subject and opt for ‘position-taking' in which they declare their fidelity to what they see as popular positions. This was the strategy adopted by many politicians of the populist radical right around the world during the pandemic, though as the pandemic wore on the ones out of power increasingly focused on blaming incumbent governments for public health measures. Centralization between governments means an increase in the power of the central government vis-a-vis other ‘subnational' governments such as regions, states, provinces, or municipalities. ‘Command and control' is a common recommendation in public health emergencies and central governments do often take powers over or away from subnational governments in crises. This is most politically contentious in federal states such Spain, Canada, or Germany, but can happen even in countries where there is a history of only local government (such as Ireland, Portugal, or the Nordic states).
How to promote maternal mental well-being in refugee mothers through home visiting: the Danish experience
Authors: Marti Castaner M , Villadsen SF , Poulsen V , Nørredam M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Refugee women are at increased risk to develop perinatal mental health problems, including postpartum depression. The fact that refugee and immigrant women suffering PPD are more likely to be exposed to poverty, lack of social support, or restricted working opportunities suggest that a comprehensive approach that addresses the broader social determinants of health is suited to effectively support their perinatal mental health needs. However, public health programs with such a comprehensive approach are scarce in most European countries. We will present qualitative findings from ‘Health nurses strengthen integration', a universal home visiting program aimed to strengthen the integration of refugee families in Denmark. The program includes a minimum of five 2-h meetings including a mind-mapping of families' psychosocial needs, a focus on parenting in a new culture, and support to connect with social and health services. Nurses are trained in cultural competencies and are provided with interpreters. We conducted 3 focus groups (n = 11) and 2 interviews with health visitors (HV) and 9 interviews with refugee mothers to identify what aspects of a comprehensive approach that foster families' integration can support the mental well-being of refugee mothers after birth. Using thematic network analysis we found how the structure, extra time, and training in cultural competence facilitated HV to use critical self-reflection and cultural sensitivity, use respectful curiosity, create a safe space for sharing, and ‘hand-hold' families in interactions with other services. These practices permitted HV understand the complex needs of families, build trust, and facilitate interactions with others services. Interviews with families illustrated how 1) feeling that someone cared ‘like family', 2) and build-bridging with services (doctor, school, job center) reduced families daily stress. Using the family stress and adaptation theory we will discuss program and policy implications.
Strategies to challenge discrimination and foster inclusivity for LGBT+Q+ youth in workplaces: a qualitative exploratory study in six European countries
Authors: Seiler-Ramadas R , Markovic L , Llop Medina L , Baros S , Bajkusa M , Horvat M , Smith L , McDermott D , Grabovac I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer (LGBT+Q+) youth are highly vulnerable to work-based discrimination, which correlates with poor social, physical and mental health. The European Union funded WE-Project aims to empower LGBT+Q+ youth in Europe through work-based educational interventions. The first leg focused on exploring barriers and facilitators to workplace equality in Austria, Croatia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain and the United Kingdom, gathering experiences of LGBT+Q+ youth and stakeholders.

Methods
Self-identifying LGBT+Q+ 15-26 year-olds were recruited via social media and diverse organisations for semi-structured interviews, while stakeholders from various institutions were invited to participate in focus group discussions based on standardised interview and discussion guidelines. Transcriptions were coded, categorised and thematically analysed, revealing five themes: societal discrimination influencing work-life, experiences of workplace discrimination, barriers to resolve discrimination, facilitators to overcome discrimination and creation of inclusive strategies.

Results
Overall 56 LGBT+Q+ youth interviewees and 38 stakeholders from 6 European countries were recruited. Facilitators overcoming workplace discrimination and inclusive strategies towards work-based equality for LGBT+Q+ youth were varyingly emphasised and included: clear policies, open communication, staff involvement and inclusive infrastructure, LGBT+Q+ quotas as well as education on diversity in schools and increasing visibility, legal recognition of partnerships, implementing youth centres, and access to counselling.

Conclusions
Results indicate several strategies to consider when designing interventions challenging work-based discrimination of LGBT+Q+ youth. Participating countries differ in social acceptance and legal protections of LGBT+Q+ youth, but experiences and voiced issues are similar, necessitating relevant anti-discrimination interventions throughout Europe.
Looking for a healthy breath - the importance and potential of urban green spaces in the city: Case study of Novi Sad, Vojvodina Province, Serbia
Authors: Jevtic M , Zoric M , Orlovic S , Bouland C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Urban Green Spaces (UGS) are providing multiple health related ecosystem services (ES) to Public Health by improving quality of life (QoL) and well-being. The aim of research is to provide an insight of UGS in Novi Sad, and its potential to support public health, using publicly available data. Novi Sad, as the capital of Vojvodina Province (Republic of Serbia), region with the lowest percentage of forests, needs to provide enough UGS for healthy living. The best example for this goal is one of the greenest urban areas- Brussels with 79.00km2 of UGS. The results showed that City of Novi Sad has 39.02km2 of UGS, while lowest percentage of green areas is found in the city center core, and highest in family-oriented city blocks, which is characteristic even for green cities such as Brussels. Although the distribution and positioning of UGS in Novi Sad is well planned, additional actions for improvement of the amount, quality accessibility is needed, which is supported by the City Council for green spaces of Novi Sad. Considering the lack of the green spaces in the core center of Novi Sad, the potential for creation of new green areas in such urbanized environment lies in roof and vertical greening, and community-based gardens. In light of the biodiversity loss and the climate change, the importance of various policies that include sustainable development and growth as well as preserving nature and biodiversity (SDG8, SDG11, Green Deal, etc.) is rising. It is important to define natural, sustainable, and unobtrusive methods for public health, well-being and QoL improvement, which is also important in the circumstances of Covid pandemic. The introduction of more green areas and community-based gardening in cities would improve the ES of UGS. These actions would have indirect and direct positive effect on public and individual health of local population, as well as the potential to decrease the loss of biodiversity and the effects of climate change on microscale.
An analytical framework for assessing data for health services research
Authors: Webb E , Polin K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This presentation will provide an overview of the conceptual framework we used as a basis for the analysis of the case studies. The framework distinguishes between data sets with care-relevant data i) at the individual level (i.e. microdata) and ii) at the non-individual level, and iii) from three or four large content blocks (health data, health care data, socio-demographic or economic data, environmental data). Using health data as an example, individual-level health data includes individual patient data, such as laboratory and clinical results, vital signs (body temperature, pulse rate, and respiration date), as well as diagnoses and health behavior. Non-individual level data includes aggregated data in areas such as life expectancy, years of life lost (YLL), years lost to disability (YLD), disability-adjusted life years (DALY), as well as population characteristics such as prevalence of risk factors and chronic illness. The framework we have developed shows linking possibilities that are available by either storing the data in common databases (e.g., based on an electronic health record) or by linking them via a unique personal characteristic (e.g., patient identifier). The country case studies selected in the research - largely within the European region but also Australia, Canada, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand, and the United States - are all evaluated using the same conceptual framework.
Mental health among people in prison at the time of COVID-19: all bad news?
Authors: Plugge E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Institutional changes in prisons in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have affected the mental health of those who live and work in prisons. Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures have been implemented in prisons throughout the world to protect imprisoned people from COVID-19 and minimise harm to them and the communities in which they are situated. These efforts have been focused on minimising the risk of infection with an emphasis on individual's physical health. The current international evidence on the broader aspects of imprisoned people's wellbeing during the pandemic mostly comprises opinion pieces. These emphasise the likely negative effects of isolating imprisoned people; the picture however is likely to be more nuanced.

Methods
One national study across England used quantitative and qualitative methods to examine rates of self-harm in prisons and understand some of the underlying reasons. Another national study measured mental wellbeing, using the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS), in staff and imprisoned people during the pandemic.

Results and discussion
Self-harm rates have varied across the prison estate with the most notable differences seen between men and women's prisons and this is explained by several factors, including perceived safety and support networks. There are notable differences between the mental wellbeing of prison residents and staff.

Conclusions
The implementation of IPC measures has been essential to control the spread of infection in prisons and so minimise morbidity and mortality. However, for many (but not all) imprisoned people, these measures have resulted in isolation for much of the day with negative impacts on wellbeing. In future it will be important to ensure mental wellbeing is maintained and to involve the imprisoned people themselves in the development of effective interventions.
How structural and individual factors help explain socioeconomic inequalities in health behaviors
Authors: Mudd AL , van Lenthe FJ , Verra SE , Bal M , Kamphuis CBM 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Socioeconomic inequalities in health behaviors have been attributed to both structural and individual factors, but untangling the complex pathways through which these factors influence inequalities requires more research. We examined whether and how two factors, material conditions and time orientation, sequentially impact socioeconomic inequalities in health behaviors. Dutch adults 25 and older self-reported socioeconomic position (SEP) (educational level); material conditions (financial strain, housing tenure, income); time orientation; health behaviors including smoking and sports participation; and health behavior-related outcomes including body mass index (BMI) and self-assessed health in three waves (2004, 2011, 2014) of the longitudinal GLOBE study. Two hypothesized pathways were investigated during a ten-year time period using sequential mediation analysis, an approach that enabled correct temporal ordering and control for confounders like baseline health behavior. Educational level was negatively associated with BMI, positively associated with sports participation and self-assessed health, and not associated with smoking in the mediation models. For smoking, sports participation, and self-assessed health, a pathway from educational level to the outcome mediated by time orientation followed by material conditions was observed. Time orientation followed by material conditions may help explain socioeconomic inequalities in certain health behaviors, providing empirical support for the interplay between structural and individual factors. Smoking may be determined by prior smoking behavior regardless of SEP, potentially due to its addictive nature. While intervening on time orientation in adulthood may be challenging, the results from this study suggest that policy interventions targeted at material conditions may be more effective in reducing socioeconomic inequalities in certain health behaviors when they account for time orientation.

Key messages
Socioeconomic inequalities in certain health behaviors were mediated by time orientation followed by material conditions, showing the importance of considering both structural and individual factors. Policy interventions targeted at material conditions may be more effective in reducing socioeconomic inequalities in certain health behaviors when they account for time orientation.
Three months follow-up of children infected with COVID-19
Authors: Turunc O , Emecen AN , Keskin S , Basoğlu E , Suner AF , Siyve N , Belet N , Karaoglu H , Unal B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
There is limited research on children infected with Covid-19 after initial diagnosis. The aim of this study was to describe changes in symptoms in children infected by Covid-19 after 1st and 3rd months of diagnosis.

Methods
Covid-19 patients age under 18 admitted to the Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey during December 2020 (n = 144) and completed three months follow-up (n = 123) were included in this prospective cohort study. Data on age, sex, parents' educational status, perceived economic status, presence of Covid-19 patient at household, chronic diseases history, initial and existing symptoms and perception of recovery were collected via telephone interviews. Persistent symptom was defined as any symptom reported within a week of the interview. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U Test were used for univariate analyses.

Results
Out of 124 patients, 89.3% reported a symptom at time of diagnosis, 21.0% at 1st month and 11.4% at the 3rd-month follow-up. Median number of symptoms was 2 at diagnosis, 0 at 1st and the 3rd month. The most common initial symptoms were fever (52.4%), weakness (40.3%), flu like symptoms (25.8%) and cough (24.4%). The most common persistent symptoms by the 1st month were fatigue (5.7%), cough (4.1%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (4.1%), and by the 3rd month were fatigue (2.4%), weakness (2.4%), respiratory symptoms and chest pain (2.4%). 10.6% of the patients were not fully recovered by the 3rd month. Persistent symptoms at the end of 1st month were more common in children with chronic diseases (36.6% vs 13.3%, p = 0.003) and who were not recovered fully (63.6% vs 15.5%, p = 0.001). Parents' education level, perceived economic status, and presence of Covid-19 patients at household were not associated with persisting symptoms.

Conclusions
COVID-19 symptoms may persist by three months of infection, especially in children with chronic conditions. Health care providers should consider following up those children with special care.

Key messages
COVID-19 symptoms may persist by three months of infection, especially in children with chronic conditions. Health care providers should consider following up those children with special care.
High school students’ attitudes towards SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an online cross-sectional survey
Authors: Komorzycka J , Sobieraj E , Ganczak M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Adolescents play a major role in SARS-CoV-2 spread. The study objective was to assess COVID-19 attitudes among Polish final year high school students.

Methods
An online cross-sectional survey was conducted between December 2020-March 2021; 24 high schools were randomly selected in Lubuskie region, followed by a random selection of 51 classes. Students' attitudes were assessed by an anonymous questionnaire before an online lecture on SARS-CoV-2.

Results
Response rate was 72%, 638 students responded (360 females, mean age 18.4±0.6 years); 438 attended schools in towns with &lt;100,000 inhabitants; 201 were in the science program; 7.4% reported past SARS-CoV-2 infection (5% females vs 10.8% males; p = 0.006). 52.2% believed COVID-19 is a serious disease (more females, those in larger cities and in the science program, p = 0.02; p &lt; 0.001; p &lt; 0.001 respectively). However, 71.3% were not afraid of getting SARS-CoV-2 infection (more males and those not in the science program, p = 0.0007; p = 0.01 respectively); 59.1% were concerned that their parents and 68.7% their grandparents will get COVID-19 (more females, those in larger cities and in the science program, both: p = 0.0004; p = 0.004; p = 0.0005 respectively). Only 16.5% believed that government recommendations effectively control the epidemic (more in the science program; p = 0.01); 44.6% supported lockdown as an effective strategy (more those in larger cities and in the science program; both: p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The findings show low awareness of SARS-CoV-2 infection risk, deficiencies in appropriate attitudes and lack of trust regarding the epidemic management among the high school students. Given attitudes determine people's actions, to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission and strengthen positive attitudes further investigation into the factors underlying the lack of risk perception is warranted.

Key messages
The study provides perspectives of youth for policymakers that should be taken into account while implementing educational programs related to COVID-19. We recommend implementing COVID-19 knowledge into school curricula to improve students’ risk perception and attitudes.
Effects of COVID-19 on maternal, child healthcare (MCH) services in slums: lessons from India
Authors: Agarwal S , Kothiwal K , Verma S , Sharma M , Sharma C B , Verma N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The study aims to understand the effect of COVID lockdown on MCH for slum dwellers and coping mechanisms adopted in Indore and Agra, India. Slum women's perspectives on seeking, delaying, avoiding healthcare in COVID-19, barriers and facilitators were explored.

Methods
In-person qualitative interviews were conducted in slums in Sept-Oct 2020 with mothers who had deliveries; pregnant women needing ante-natal care; mothers with children &lt;2 yrs needing immunization during COVID lockdown. 30 mothers requiring these MCH services during April -June 2020 (lockdown phase) were interviewed. We chose qualitative study over quantitative as a shorter and useful precedent to replicate in similar situations.

Results
Govt. and most private hospitals refused non-COVID services during lockdown.; Police restricted movement on roads. Being on COVID duty, frontline health functionaries were not doing outreach health sessions. Women missed ante-natal check-up, Iron Folate, Tetanus toxoid; Demand side challenges included fear of COVID infection, lack of money due to livelihood loss; Home deliveries by self, neighbors were resorted to; Maternal, neonatal deaths ensued; Children missed immunization e.g., Measles, DPT. Few peri-urban slum families visited nearby rural health facility for delivery. Some families borrowed money from community saving's groups for delivery in private hospitals. Few families visited low-cost private doctor/nurse for immunization of pregnant mother, children.

Conclusions
Demand and supply side factors led to pregnant women and children not receiving care during lockdown. Peri-urban slum families should be encouraged to link with nearby rural health facility for MCH services during COVID-19 or similar situations. Govt. partnering with private providers near slums will help access during challenging times. Promoting community savings groups as mandated under National Urban Health Mission can enable slum families borrow with ease when in need.

Key messages
Government health system should set up emergency (e.g., mobile clinic) MCH services for future epidemic, disaster, should partner with private doctors/nurses near slums. Rural health infrastructure serving nearby peri-urban slums formally recognized by Govt. despite separate jurisdictions is an approach adaptable in LMIC cities.
Attitudes towards Refugees in the Political Center of Germany: A Re-Analysis
Authors: Boege R , Budde S , Rees J , Zick A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The German political center is often viewed as democratic and moderate, untouched by right-wing outsiders. Evident right-wing terrorism was often treated as a peripheral phenomenon. In 2015, the peak of the refugee movement constituted a challenge for that German political center and was vividly discussed in the media. Expressions such as “refugee wave” or “crisis” dominated the public discussion. These expressions could spur on Othering processes because not only do these expressions carry a negative valence, but they also put a spotlight on categorial ascriptions. Between 2014 and 2018, attacks on refugee shelters in Germany multiplied by five, and votes for right-wing populist parties rose in Europe. The center studies are representative studies that regularly assess right-wing attitudes in the German political center since 2006. In a re-analysis, we investigated attitudes towards refugees in specific. From three studies, run in 2014, 2016, and 2018/19 (total N = 6,021), relevant questions and questionnaires were identified via word stem search. Fourteen scales were deemed as relevant for attitudes towards refugees, including attitudes towards migration and perceived sayability, group-focused enmity, social dominance orientation, and right-wing authoritarianism. Correlations between the participants' self-categorization as German and European with rejecting attitudes toward refugees are discussed. Further, demographic information was used to assess the distribution of (non-)rejecting attitudes towards refugees depending on region, income, and education. The development of these attitudes and their correlations with other attitudes will be presented. Whilst manifest right-wing attitudes are rare in the German center, aspects of rejection of refugees are shared by up to a third of the participants. Implications for Othering as an iterative process will be discussed.