bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic Obturator Dislocation of the Hip Joint Associated with Greater Trochanter Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Tao Qifeng , Zhong Fenglin , Wang Chuan , Wang Hongping , Chen Chunyu , Wu Feipeng , Lan Yuping 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundTraumatic obturator dislocation of the hip joint associated with greater trochanter fracture is a rare injury. We used the lateral approach through the rectus abdominis to remove the femoral head dislocated into the obturator, and the posterolateral approach was used for reduction and internal fixation of the femoral greater trochanteric fracture and total hip replacement (THR). Good follow‐up results were achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on this particular type of injury and on this approach to treating this type of injury.Case ReportThe patient was hospitalized due to a traffic accident that resulted in the patient experiencing swelling and deformity accompanied by limited mobility of the left hip and left knee.X‐ray examination and CT confirmed that the patient suffered from left hip obturator dislocation, greater trochanter fracture, pelvic fracture (Tile B), left acetabular fracture, right open tibiofibular comminuted fracture (Gustilo III), and posterior urethral injury.The femoral head was removed from the pelvic cavity through a pararectus approach under general anesthesia. A posterolateral approach was used for open reduction, and cable internal fixation for the left intertrochanteric fracture and uncemented THR were performed.ResultsThe ability to work was restored 6 months after the operation. The Harris hip score, reflecting joint function, was 86 points after 2 years of follow‐up observation.ConclusionA lateral approach of rectus abdominis to remove the dislocated femoral head in the pelvis from the obturator should be selected, along with the posterolateral approach for reduction and internal fixation of the intertrochanteric fracture and THR. This case also provides a new reference for the treatment of this type of hip fracture dislocation.
Genetic evaluation of the brown fibre phenotype for Gossypium arboreum accession PI 615733
Authors: Erpelding John E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCotton (Gossypium spp.) is a major source of fibre for the textile industry and naturally coloured cotton fibre does not require the use of synthetic dyes making it an eco‐friendly option for textile production. Coloured cotton cultivars are however associated with lower fibre yields and reduced lint quality. A greater understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying fibre colouration will aid in the development of improved cultivars. The brown‐fibred Gossypium arboreum L. accession PI 615733 was identified from the United States Department of Agriculture germplasm collection and crossed with three white‐fibred accessions PI 529712, PI 529729 and PI 615740 to develop F2 populations for genetic evaluation. Population data indicated a single dominant gene conferred the brown fibre phenotype. Variation in the intensity of fibre colouration was observed within populations. These data failed to support an incomplete dominance model suggesting genetic modifiers may also play a role in fibre colouration. Additionally, chimeras were frequently observed in the PI 615733 × PI 615740 population. These data will be useful to further characterize the brown fibre trait.
Introducing the Worldwide Bureaucracy Indicators: A New Global Dataset on Public Sector Employment and Compensation
Authors: Baig Faisal Ali , Han Xu , Hasnain Zahid , Rogger Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe public sector employs roughly a third of the world's paid workforce. Their wages not only represent the income of a substantial portion of the population but also influence pay setting across the rest of the economy. However, global data on employment and compensation within the public sector, and how these compare to the private sector, has been limited to date. This paper describes a novel dataset produced by the World Bank's “Bureaucracy Lab” attempting to fill this gap. The “Worldwide Bureaucracy Indicators” (WWBI) are compiled from over 53 million unique observations and consist of 63,282 individual observations across 92 variables of the characteristics of public‐sector employment, compensation, and the overall wage bill for 132 countries between 2000 and 2018. The indicators, constructed from nationally representative household surveys, present a micro‐founded picture of public sector labor markets across the world.
Management of Multiple Accountabilities Through Setting Priorities: Evidence from aCross‐NationalConjoint Experiment
Authors: Aleksovska Marija , Schillemans Thomas , Grimmelikhuijsen Stephan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPublic sector actors are continuously being held accountable by a multitude of accountability forums. Responding to the forums’ demands often requires prioritizing between them. This study investigates how those prioritization choices are made. Drawing on two competing perspectives: the classical view of accountability as “answerability” which emphasizes hierarchy and control, and the modern interpretation of accountability as “management of expectations” which highlights the strategic management of relations, we identify four factors whose influence on prioritization choices we investigate. Using a conjoint experiment, we investigate the prioritization decisions of civil servants in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. We find that the threat of sanction, which is central in the answerability perspective, is consistently the most important driver of prioritization decisions. The management of expectations, focusing on forum expertise and relationships with the accountability forums, appears to be largely context dependent and helps to explain additional, more fine‐grained variations.
Marine diagenesis of ikaite: Implications from the isotopic and geochemical composition of glendonites and host concretions (Palaeogene–Neogene sediments, Sakhalin Island)
Authors: Vasileva Kseniia , Vereshchagin Oleg , Ershova Victoria , Rogov Mikhail , Chernyshova Irina , Vishnevskaya Irina , Okuneva Tatiana , Pokrovsky Boris , Tuchkova Marianna , Saphronova Natalia , Kostrov Yuri , Khmarin Eduard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlendonites represent pseudomorphs after calcium carbonate hexahydrate (ikaite) and can be used as indicators of past cold climates, because ikaite only naturally occurs in cold environments (<7°C) in the modern. The results of a multi‐proxy study of 11 glendonite and host concretion samples from Palaeogene (Gennoishi Formation) and Neogene (Bora and Vengeri formations) sediments from Sakhalin Island, Russian Far East are reported here. Petrographic, cathodoluminescence, powder X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses reveal that glendonites are composed of several successive mineralogical phases: low‐magnesium ikaite‐derived calcite, high‐magnesium acicular cement (calcite and dolomite) and blocky calcite or authigenic quartz filling the remaining pore space. Host concretions comprise sandy limestones cemented by high‐magnesium calcite. The δ13C and δ18O values for host concretions and enclosed glendonites are very similar, with δ13C ranging from –20.3 to +1.9‰ Vienna Pee‐Dee Belemnite and δ18O ranging from –3.4 to +3.4‰ Vienna Pee‐Dee Belemnite. Such isotopic values suggest that seawater was the main source of oxygen, while dissolved inorganic carbon and decaying organic matter were the main carbon sources for ikaite growth, concretion and glendonite cementation. The 87Sr/86Sr values within the glendonites and host concretions are significantly lower compared with coeval Palaeogene–Neogene marine carbonates, suggesting an influence of continental runoff on their isotopic composition. Post Archean Australian Shale normalized rare earth element patterns display negative Ce anomalies and positive Eu anomalies, with a depletion in light rare earth elements or bulge in middle rare earth elements. Such spectra of rare earth elements indicate that ikaite growth and replacement occurred very close to the aerobic–anaerobic boundary, with pore waters derived from trapped seawater and/or ikaite dehydration. Since Mg/Ca ratios and alkalinity increase with depth below the sediment–water interface, subsequent mineral phases show enrichment in Mg, while the lack of diagenetic alteration by basinal fluids enabled preservation of the primary isotopic and geochemical characteristics of ikaite within the recrystallized pseudomorph.
Who Might Buy a Gun? Results from the Guns in American Life Survey
Authors: Kelley Margaret S. , Ellison Christopher G. 
Published: January 2021

We explore patterns and correlates of gun ownership in the United States, with a particular focus on differentiating those who will never own a gun (“nevers”) and those who are open to ownership in the future (“maybes”) from current‐owners. We use the Guns in American Life Survey (GALS), collected in September of 2018 (n = 3,103), to explore the role of several classes of factors in shaping experiences and attitudes, including socialization, fear and victimization, ideology (confidence in the police, punitiveness, justifiable violence, and gun “science” research), and preparedness. Descriptive findings suggest that maybe‐owners are similar to never‐owners in some ways in background factors (e.g., tending to be women, lower‐income, and not living in a rural area) and more like owners in other ways (e.g., conservative, Republican, and with children in the home). Regression results reveal some anticipated patterns and other unexpected ones. For example, past victimization differentiates the maybes from the nevers but not from the owners. Worry about mass and school shootings leads one away from gun ownership, while worry about terrorist attacks leads toward it. Curiously, greater confidence in the police is highest for the maybes. They are solidly in the middle on other ideological issues, including beliefs in justifiable violence and gun “science” research. We find different ideological issues come together as a continuum of gun ownership status. Finally, those most likely to buy a gun have owned one previously and cycle in and out of gun ownership. They have also used agency by taking other steps to protect themselves. Our findings identify a new subset of occasional owners and illuminate the process of moving toward gun acquisition.
Arabidopsis lysin motif/F‐box‐containing protein InLYP1 fine‐tunes glycine metabolism by degrading glycine decarboxylase GLDP2
Authors: Guo Jianhang , Gong Ben‐Qiang , Li Jian‐Feng 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYLysin motif (LysM) is a carbohydrate‐binding module often found in secreted or transmembrane proteins in living organisms from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Thus far, all characterized LysM‐containing proteins in plants are plasma membrane‐resident receptors or co‐receptors playing roles in plant–microbe interactions. Here, we interrogate the Arabidopsis LysM/F‐box‐containing protein InLYP1 and reveal its function in glycine metabolism. InLYP1 was mainly expressed by vigorously growing tissues, encoding a nuclear‐cytoplasmic protein. We validated InLYP1 as part of the SKP1‐CULLIN1‐F‐box E3 complex for mediating protein degradation. The glycine decarboxylase P‐protein 1 (GLDP1) was identified as an InLYP1‐interacting protein by both immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry and yeast two‐hybrid library screening. InLYP1 could also interact with GLDP2, a paralog of GLDP1 with weaker catalytic activity, and could mediate the degradation of GLDP2 but not GLDP1. Interestingly, both GLDPs could be O‐glycosylated and form homodimers or heterodimers. Overexpression of InLYP1L9A encoding a dominant‐negative variant could cause seedling germination retardation on the medium containing glycine. Collectively, these results shed light on the function of plant intracellular LysM‐containing proteins, and suggest that InLYP1 may deplete GLDP2 to facilitate glycine decarboxylation in Arabidopsis.
The European Union's reform in rules of origin and international trade: Evidence from Cambodia
Authors: Tanaka Kiyoyasu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe European Union (EU) has unilaterally granted developing countries preferential access to EU markets under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). To obtain preferential access, exporters in beneficiary countries must follow the rules of origin (ROO) in the EU’s GSP. Previous ROO were criticised as restrictive, because exporters’ production costs increase with a restriction on imported inputs from the lowest‐cost third countries and the administrative process of proving origin. The EU simplified the restrictive ROO on January 1, 2011. However, the impact of the EU’s reform on beneficiary economies remains largely unexplored. This paper estimates the causal impact of simplifying ROO on garment exports in a beneficiary country, Cambodia, during the period 2007–2015. In the new ROO, garment exporters in least developing beneficiaries such as Cambodia can use imported fabric from any third country and still maintain preferential access. I adopt a difference‐in‐differences method and provide evidence to support the parallel trends assumption. The results show that garment exports to the EU increased by 112% after 2011, which coincided with a sharp increase in textile imports from China to Cambodia. Foreign direct investment inflows increased sharply after 2011 in the garment sector but decreased in the textile sector.
The Effects of Modified-Implement Warm-Ups on Cricket Pace-Bowling Skill
Authors: Feros Simon A. , Hinck Kris , Dwyer Jake 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the acute warm-up effects of modified-implement bowling on bowling speed, accuracy, perceived rhythm and perceived sensation with a regular ball. Methods: A total of 13 male amateur pace bowlers completed 3 sessions in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Each session comprised a warm-up of 21 progressive-effort deliveries with either a regular (156 g), 10% heavier (171.6 g), or 10% lighter (140.4 g) cricket ball followed by a 4-over pace-bowling assessment with a regular ball. Bowling speed was assessed with a radar gun, while accuracy was calculated via the radial error. Subjects rated their perceived exertion (0%–100%), rhythm (1–5 Likert scale), and sensation (1–5 Likert scale) after each delivery. Results: The linear mixed models revealed a significant effect for warm-up condition on perceived delivery sensation (F2,916.404 = 24.137, P < .001), with a significant pairwise difference between the regular- and heavier-ball warm-up conditions of 0.20 ± 0.07 points (estimated marginal mean ± 95% confidence interval, P < .001). There were no statistically significant effects for warm-up condition on bowling speed, accuracy, and perceived delivery rhythm. Conclusions: These findings indicate that although the regular ball felt lighter to bowl with after using the heavier ball, there were no overall potentiating or detrimental effects of using this particular modified-implement warm-up on bowling speed, accuracy, and perceived rhythm in amateur pace bowlers. Future research is encouraged to trial other protocols for eliciting potentiation to ultimately enhance bowling speed in training or in shorter match formats (eg, Twenty20).
Recent migration of tropical cyclones toward coasts
Authors: Wang Shuai , Toumi Ralf 
Published: January 2021

Too close for comfort
Tropical cyclones are becoming stronger and occurring at higher latitudes than in the past. Wang and Toumi report that cyclones' points of maximum intensity also have been coming closer to land since 1982, the distance decreasing by about 30 kilometers per decade as their paths drift poleward and westward (see the Perspective by Camargo and Wing). This shift could increase the danger that tropical cyclones pose to coastal populations.

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Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) caused by over-the-counter calcium supplement ingestion
Authors: Schertz Adam Ross , Sarma Anand Karthik , Datar Sudhir , Miller Peter John 
Published: January 2021

A 59-year-old woman was found unresponsive at home. Initial neurologic examination revealed aphasia and right-sided weakness. Laboratory results demonstrated a serum calcium level of 17.3 mg/dL (corrected serum calcium for albumin concentration was 16.8 mg/dL). Extensive workup for intrinsic aetiology of hypercalcemia was unrevealing. Further discussion with family members and investigation of the patient’s home for over-the-counter medications and herbal supplements revealed chronic ingestion of calcium carbonate tablets. CT angiogram of the brain revealed multifocal intracranial vascular segmental narrowing, which resolved on a follow-up cerebral angiogram done 2 days later. These findings were consistent with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.Appropriate blood pressure control with parenteral agents, calcium channel blockade with nimodipine and supportive care therapies resulted in significant improvement in neurologic status. By discharge, patient had near-complete resolution of neurologic symptoms.
Successful management of anastomotic leakage with endoscopic fibrin glue injection after primary repair of pure oesophageal atresia
Authors: Roy Chloe , Tamura Ryo , McDonald Leigh , Gabra Hany 
Published: January 2021

Anastomotic leakage (AL) occurs in 15% of cases of primary repair of oesophageal atresia. Urgent surgery is indicated in cases of complete anastomotic separation or severe mediastinitis. Otherwise, conservative management including keeping the patient nil per os (NPO), feeding via transanastomotic tube and prolonged parenteral nutrition, has been widely accepted as it can avoid multiple surgeries in neonates and allow oesophageal continuity to be preserved. However, complications relating to prolonged feeding tube use are common downsides to this approach and the negative impact of prolonged NPO on mastication and swallowing function cannot be ignored.In this case report, a novel approach for the treatment of AL with fibrin glue is reported, following primary repair of oesophageal atresia. It was endoscopically injected into the leakage site to enhance healing and early closure. This procedure was safely performed and achieved early establishment of oral feeding.
Sex, diabetes status and cognition: findings from the study of longevity in diabetes
Authors: Moran Chris , Gilsanz Paola , Beeri Michal S , Whitmer Rachel A , Lacy Mary E 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionWomen comprise two-thirds of people with dementia, making female sex a significant dementia risk factor. Both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are known dementia risk factors with an increasing global incidence. Understanding whether subtle sex differences persist in cognitive function prior to dementia in the context of diabetes may help elucidate the magnitude of sex effects on dementia risk.Research design and methodsWe examined cross-sectional data from the Study of Longevity in Diabetes (SOLID), a prospective cohort study of members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California aged 60 years and older with T1D (n=758), T2D (n=232) and without either T1D or T2D (n=247). We used factor analysis to generate summary scores of cognitive domains and used regression analyses to examine the associations between sex and cognition adjusting for sociodemographic and cardiovascular confounders.ResultsWe included 1237 participants (630 women and 607 men) with mean age 68 years. By design, the distribution of men and women in T1D, T2D and no diabetes was similar. Women had better cognitive performance than men in global cognition (β=0.21, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.26), language (β=0.08, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.15), executive function (β=0.13, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.20), episodic verbal memory (β=0.68, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.77) and attention (β=0.20, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.28) but not in episodic visual memory (β=0.006, 95% CI −0.07 to 0.09) adjusting for age and education independent of diabetes status. We did not find an interaction between sex and diabetes status for any of the cognitive outcomes.ConclusionsWomen in late mid-life have better cognitive performance than men in many cognitive domains independent of the presence of T1D or T2D. Further work is required to understand whether these differences change over time or in older cohorts and to understand their relationship to subsequent dementia.
Impact of mobile phone delivered reminders and unconditional incentives on measles-containing vaccine timeliness and coverage: a randomised controlled trial in western Kenya
Authors: Kagucia E Wangeci , Ochieng Benard , Were Joyce , Hayford Kyla , Obor David , O'Brien Katherine L , Gibson Dustin G 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionShort message service (SMS) reminders coupled with a small monetary incentive conditioned on prompt vaccination have been shown to improve first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) uptake. We assessed whether SMS reminders and unconditional monetary incentives—more amenable to programmatic implementation—can improve MCV1 uptake in Kenya.MethodsCaregivers of eligible infants aged 6–8 months were enrolled into an individually randomised controlled trial and assigned to receive either: no intervention (control), two SMS reminders (SMS) sent 3 days, and 1 day before the scheduled MCV1 date, or SMS reminders coupled with a Kenya Shilling (KES) 150 incentive (SMS +150 KES) sent 3 days before the scheduled MCV1 date. Study staff conducted a household follow-up visit at age 12 months to ascertain vaccination status. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate the relative and absolute difference in MCV1 timely coverage (by age 10 months), the primary outcome.ResultsBetween 6 December 2016 and 31 March 2017, 179 infants were enrolled into each of the three study arms. Follow-up visits were completed between 19 April 2017 and 8 October 2017 for control (n=170), SMS (n=157) and SMS + 150 KES (n=158) children. MCV1 timely coverage was 68% among control arm infants compared with 78% in each intervention arm. This represented a non-statistically significant increase in the SMS arm (adjusted relative risk 1.13; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.30; p=0.070; adjusted risk difference 9.2%; 95% CI: −0.6 to 19.0%; p=0.066), but a statistically significant increase in the SMS + 150 KES arm (1.16; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.32; p=0.035; 10.6%; 95% CI 0.8 to 20.3%; p=0.034).ConclusionThese findings suggest that the effect of SMS reminders coupled with a small unconditional monetary incentive on MCV1 uptake is comparable to that of SMS reminders alone, limiting their utility. Further studies in the absence of unexpected supply-side constraints are needed.Trial registration numberNCT02904642