bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-fidelity method for rapid aerostructural optimisation and design-space exploration of planar wings
Authors: Taylor J.D. , Hunsaker D.F. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTDuring early phases of wing design, analytic and low-fidelity methods are often used to identify promising design concepts. In many cases, solutions obtained using these methods provide intuition about the design space that is not easily obtained using higher-fidelity methods. This is especially true for aerostructural design. However, many analytic and low-fidelity aerostructural solutions are limited in application to wings with specific planforms and weight distributions. Here, a numerical method for minimising induced drag with structural constraints is presented that uses approximations that apply to unswept planar wings with arbitrary planforms and weight distributions. The method is applied to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ikhana airframe to show how it can be used for rapid aerostructural optimisation and design-space exploration. The design space around the optimum solution is visualised, and the sensitivity of the optimum solution to changes in weight distribution, structural properties, wing loading and taper ratio is shown. The optimum lift distribution and wing-structure weight for the Ikhana airframe are shown to be in good agreement with analytic solutions. Whereas most modern high-fidelity solvers obtain solutions in a matter of hours, all of the solutions shown here can be obtained in a matter of seconds.
Pesky Polygamist Women: The Marginalization of Qualitative Data in British Columbia’s Charter Reference on Polygamy
Authors: Bullock Nerida 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the thorny mingling of law with qualitative social science methodologies through the lens of the 2010–11 Supreme Court of British Columbia Charter Reference on polygamy, which was conducted to determine whether the criminalization of polygamy was consistent with theCanadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.The Reference reveals how the marginalization of qualitative research(ers) effectively controlled whose voices were to be heard and whose were to be silenced in the broader project of sovereign intervention into family formation. With specific focus on Professor Angela Campbell, who provided expert opinion testimony in the Reference, this paper reflects on two important questions: when social science is invoked in legal settings, whose knowledge is legitimized, and who benefits from this legitimization? Drawing upon the longstanding feminist project of deconstructing assumptions of value-neutrality in all science, this paper considers how qualitative, feminist research(ers) may be inherently at odds with law’s quest for (rational) “truth.”
Impact of COVID-19 on PM2.5 Pollution in Fastest-Growing Megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Sarkar Showmitra Kumar , Khan Md Mehedi Hasan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:The purpose of the research was to investigate and identify the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh by using ground-based observation data.Methods:The research assessed air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic for PM2.5 from January 1, 2017 to August 1, 2020. The research considered pollution in pre-COVID-19 (January 1 to March 23), during COVID-19 (March 24 to May 30), and post-COVID-19 (May 31 to August 1) lockdown periods with current (2020) and historical (2017-2019) data.Results:PM2.5 pollution followed a similar yearly trend in year 2017-2020. The average concentration for PM2.5 was found 87.47 μg/m3 in the study period. Significant PM2.5 declines were observed in the current COVID-19 lockdown period compared with historical data: 11.31% reduction with an absolute decrease of 7.15 μg/m3.Conclusions:The findings of the research provide an overview of how the COVID-19 pandemic affects air pollution. The results will provide initial evidence regarding human behavioral changes and emission controls. This research will also suggest avenues for further study to link the findings with health outcomes.
Rigidity of joinings for some measure-preserving systems
Authors: DONG CHANGGUANG , KANIGOWSKI ADAM , WEI DAREN 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe introduce two properties: strong R-property and
$C(q)$
-property, describing a special way of divergence of nearby trajectories for an abstract measure-preserving system. We show that systems satisfying the strong R-property are disjoint (in the sense of Furstenberg) with systems satisfying the
$C(q)$
-property. Moreover, we show that if
$u_t$
is a unipotent flow on
$G/\Gamma $
with
$\Gamma $
irreducible, then
$u_t$
satisfies the
$C(q)$
-property provided that
$u_t$
is not of the form
$h_t\times \operatorname {id}$
, where
$h_t$
is the classical horocycle flow. Finally, we show that the strong R-property holds for all (smooth) time changes of horocycle flows and non-trivial time changes of bounded-type Heisenberg nilflows.
With a Little Help from Their Friends: The Consequences of Populists in National Government for Policymaking in Local Government
Authors: Paxton Fred 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite increasing research into populist parties in power, their impact on subnational institutions has been neglected. Taking a novel multilevel perspective, this article inquires into the policy consequences of populist radical right parties (specifically, the FPÖ and Lega) in local government, and the effect of their simultaneous participation in national government. The article shows the expansion of exclusionary policy that follows their concurrent presence in national and local government. The process that leads from national government entry to local policy influence is traced using interview and newspaper data. The article argues that the influence of central parties over these ‘showcase’ localities is rooted in different multilevel governance configurations. These vary cross-nationally according to two factors: the strength of mayors’ linkages with higher government levels in the different institutional settings and, due to the different extent of party nationalization, the strategic value of the municipality to the central party.
LAW, RELIGION, AND THE POLITICIZATION OF SEXUAL CITIZENSHIP IN KENYA
Authors: Parsitau Damaris Seleina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn Kenya, debates about sexual orientation have assumed center stage at several points in recent years, but particularly before and after the promulgation of the Constitution of Kenya in 2010. These debates have been fueled by religious clergy and by politicians who want to align themselves with religious organizations for respectability and legitimation, particularly by seeking to influence the nation's legal norms around sexuality. I argue that through their responses and attempts to influence legal norms, the religious and political leaders are not only responsible for the nonacceptance of same-sex relationships in Africa, but have also ensured that sexuality and embodiment have become a cultural and religious battleground. These same clergy and politicians seek to frame homosexuality as un-African, unacceptable, a threat to African moral and cultural sensibilities and sensitivities, and an affront to African moral and family values. Consequently, the perception is that homosexuals do not belong in Africa—that they cannot be entertained, accommodated, tolerated, or even understood. Ultimately, I argue that the politicization and religionization of same-sex relationships in Kenya, as elsewhere in Africa, has masked human rights debates and stifled serious academic and pragmatic engagements with important issues around sexual difference and sexual orientation while fueling negative attitudes toward people with different sexual orientations.
Molecular biomarkers to track clinical improvement following an integrative treatment model in autistic toddlers
Authors: Piras Ignazio S. , Manti Filippo , Costa Anna , Carone Valentina , Scalese Bruna , Talboom Joshua S. , Veronesi Christian , Tabolacci Claudio , Persico Antonio M. , Huentelman Matthew J. , Sacco Roberto , Lintas Carla 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectives:Identifying an objective, laboratory-based diagnostic tool (e.g. changes in gene expression), when used in conjunction with disease-specific clinical assessment, could increase the accuracy of the effectiveness of a therapeutic intervention.Methods:We assessed the association between treatment outcome and blood RNA expression before the therapeutic intervention to post-treatment (after 1 year) of five autism spectrum disorder (ASD) toddlers who underwent an intensive cognitive-behavioural intervention integrated with psychomotor and speech therapy.Results:We found 113 significant differentially expressed genes enriched for the nervous system, immune system, and transcription and translation-related pathways. Some of these genes, as MALAT-1, TSPO, and CFL1, appear to be promising candidates.Conclusions:Our findings show that changes in peripheral gene expression could be used in conjunction with clinical scales to monitor a rehabilitation intervention’s effectiveness in toddlers affected by ASD. These results need to be validated in a larger cohort.
FIRST DIRECTLY DATED ROCK ART IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Jalandoni Andrea , Faylona Marie Grace Pamela G , Sambo Aila Shaine , Willis Mark D , Lising Caroline Marie Q , Kottermair Maria , Loriega Xandriane E , Taçon Paul S C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThis paper integrates the first rock art directly dated with radiocarbon (14C) in Southeast Asia with the archaeological activity in the area and with stylistically similar rock art in the region. Peñablanca is a hotspot of archaeological research that includes the oldest dates for human remains in the Philippines. The caves in Peñablanca with known rock art were revisited and only 37.6% of the original recorded figures were found; the others are likely lost to agents of deterioration. A sample was collected from an anthropomorph and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dated to 3570–3460 cal BP. The date corresponds to archaeological activity in the area and provides a more holistic view of the people inhabiting the Peñablanca caves at that time. A systematic review was used to find similar black anthropomorph motifs in Southeast Asia to identify potential connections across the region and provide a possible chronological association.
Fourier restriction in low fractal dimensions
Authors: Shayya Bassam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLet$S \subset \mathbb {R}^{n}$be a smooth compact hypersurface with a strictly positive second fundamental form,$E$be the Fourier extension operator on$S$, and$X$be a Lebesgue measurable subset of$\mathbb {R}^{n}$. If$X$contains a ball of each radius, then the problem of determining the range of exponents$(p,q)$for which the estimate$\| Ef \|_{L^{q}(X)} \lesssim \| f \|_{L^{p}(S)}$holds is equivalent to the restriction conjecture. In this paper, we study the estimate under the following assumption on the set$X$: there is a number$0 < \alpha \leq n$such that$|X \cap B_R| \lesssim R^{\alpha }$for all balls$B_R$in$\mathbb {R}^{n}$of radius$R \geq 1$. On the left-hand side of this estimate, we are integrating the function$|Ef(x)|^{q}$against the measure$\chi _X \,{\textrm {d}}x$. Our approach consists of replacing the characteristic function$\chi _X$of$X$by an appropriate weight function$H$, and studying the resulting estimate in three different regimes: small values of$\alpha$, intermediate values of$\alpha$, and large values of$\alpha$. In the first regime, we establish the estimate by using already available methods. In the second regime, we prove a weighted Hölder-type inequality that holds for general non-negative Lebesgue measurable functions on$\mathbb {R}^{n}$and combine it with the result from the first regime. In the third regime, we borrow a recent fractal Fourier restriction theorem of Du and Zhang and combine it with the result from the second regime. In the opposite direction, the results of this paper improve on the Du–Zhang theorem in the range$0 < \alpha < n/2$.
Across-generation effects of maternal heat stress during late gestation on production, female fertility and longevity traits in dairy cows
Authors: Kipp Cordula , Brügemann Kerstin , Zieger Peter , Mütze Katja , Möcklinghoff-Wicke Sibylle , König Sven , Halli Kathrin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis research paper focuses on time-lagged heat stress (HS) effects from an across-generation perspective. Temperature × humidity indexes (THI) from the last 8 weeks of pregnancy were associated with subsequent female offspring performances. The offspring dataset considered 172 905 Holstein dairy cows from calving years 2002–2013 from 1,968 herds, located in the German federal state of Hesse. Production traits included milk yield (MKG), protein percentage (PRO%), fat percentage (FAT%), somatic cell score (SCS) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) from the first official test-day in first lactation. Female fertility traits were the non-return-rate after 56 d (NRR56) in heifers and the interval from calving to first insemination (ICFI) in first parity cows. Longevity traits were the length of productive life (LPL), lifetime productivity in milk yield (LTP-MKG) and milk yield per day of life (MKG-DL). The association analyzes for 10 traits combined with meteorological data from 8 single weeks before calving implied in total 80 different runs. THI ≥50 from all single 8 weeks before calving had unfavorably significant effects on FAT%, ICFI and LPL. Heat stress in terms of THI ≥60 from the last 3 weeks before calving impaired MKG. NRR56 decreased with increasing THI, as observed for all 6 weeks before calving. LTP-MKG and MKG-DL decreased due to high THI in the last 4 weeks before calving. Heat stress (THI ≥60) during late pregnancy had no significantly unfavorable impact on PRO% and MUN. Interestingly, SCS in offspring declined with increasing THI during late pregnancy. In conclusion, for most of the primary and functional traits, unfavorable impact of HS from the dry period on time-lagged performances in offspring was identified, even on longevity. From a practical perspective, our data suggest to provide HS abatement to late gestation dams to avoid long-term adverse effects on the offspring.
Circulating bile acids as a link between the gut microbiota and cardiovascular health: impact of prebiotics, probiotics and polyphenol-rich foods
Authors: Pushpass Rose-Anna G. , Alzoufairi Shouq , Jackson Kim G. , Lovegrove Julie A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBeneficial effects of probiotic, prebiotic and polyphenol-rich interventions on fasting lipid profiles have been reported, with changes in the gut microbiota composition believed to play an important role in lipid regulation. Primary bile acids, which are involved in the digestion of fats and cholesterol metabolism, can be converted by the gut microbiota to secondary bile acids, some species of which are less well reabsorbed and consequently may be excreted in the stool. This can lead to increased hepatic bile acid neo-synthesis, resulting in a net loss of circulating low-density lipoprotein. Bile acids may therefore provide a link between the gut microbiota and cardiovascular health. This narrative review presents an overview of bile acid metabolism and the role of probiotics, prebiotics and polyphenol-rich foods in modulating circulating cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers and bile acids. Although findings from human studies are inconsistent, there is growing evidence for associations between these dietary components and improved lipid CVD risk markers, attributed to modulation of the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. These include increased bile acid neo-synthesis, due to bile sequestering action, bile salt metabolising activity and effects of short-chain fatty acids generated through bacterial fermentation of fibres. Animal studies have demonstrated effects on the FXR/FGF-15 axis and hepatic genes involved in bile acid synthesis (CYP7A1) and cholesterol synthesis (SREBP and HMGR). Further human studies are needed to determine the relationship between diet and bile acid metabolism and whether circulating bile acids can be utilised as a potential CVD risk biomarker.
Counting matchings via capacity-preserving operators
Authors: Gurvits Leonid , Leake Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe notion of the capacity of a polynomial was introduced by Gurvits around 2005, originally to give drastically simplified proofs of the van der Waerden lower bound for permanents of doubly stochastic matrices and Schrijver’s inequality for perfect matchings of regular bipartite graphs. Since this seminal work, the notion of capacity has been utilised to bound various combinatorial quantities and to give polynomial-time algorithms to approximate such quantities (e.g. the number of bases of a matroid). These types of results are often proven by giving bounds on how much a particular differential operator can change the capacity of a given polynomial. In this paper, we unify the theory surrounding such capacity-preserving operators by giving tight capacity preservation bounds for all nondegenerate real stability preservers. We then use this theory to give a new proof of a recent result of Csikvári, which settled Friedland’s lower matching conjecture.
Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure – Comparison of the Two Filling Methods – Simulated Test
Authors: Ilczak Tomasz , Ćwiertnia Michał , Białoń Piotr , Szlagor Michał , Kudłacik Beata , Rak Małgorzata , Bialka Szymon , Ubych Adam , Stasicki Arkadiusz , Waksmańska Wioletta , Bujok Jan , Mikulska Monika , Bobiński Rafał , Kawecki Marek 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Tracheal intubation is the optimal method for opening up airways. Performed correctly, it prevents stomach contents from entering the respiratory tract and allows asynchronous cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to be conducted during sudden cardiac arrest. An important element of correct intubation is proper inflation of the endotracheal tube cuff. Research has shown that when medical personnel use the palpation technique, the cuff is usually inflated incorrectly. This can result in numerous health complications for the patient.

Methods:
This research was conducted in 2020 on a group of paramedics participating in the 15th International Winter Championship of Medical Rescuers in Bielsko-Biala (Poland). The aim of the research was to assess two methods of inflating the endotracheal tube cuff. Method A involved inflating the cuff using a syringe and assessing the pressure in the control cuff using the palpation technique. Method B involved inflating the cuff using a manometer. During the inflation, both the cuff inflation pressure and the time required to complete the procedure were recorded. Analysis was also conducted on whether completion of certified Advanced Life Support (ALS) and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) training had any influence on the effectiveness of the inflation procedure.

Results:
The research showed that paramedics using Method B significantly more often inflated the endotracheal tube cuff to the correct pressure than those using Method A. However, when Method B was used, the procedure took longer to conduct. The study also showed that completion of certified ALS or ACLS training did not have a significant influence on proper inflation of the cuff. Those who had completed certified training courses took significantly longer to inflate the endotracheal tube cuff when using Method A.

Conclusions:
Inflation of the endotracheal tube cuff by use of a syringe, followed by the palpation technique for assessing the inflation of the cuff balloon, is ineffective. Paramedic teams should be equipped with manometers to be used for inflating the endotracheal tube cuff.
Design and analysis of wideband MIMO antenna arrays for 5G smartphone application
Authors: Sghaier Nizar , Latrach Lassaad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new wideband multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system able to operate in a frequency band ranging between 3.3 and 7.1 GHz is proposed for fifth-generation (5G) new radio applications for future smartphones. The design structure contains four pairs of compact microstrip-fed slot antennas, located at the corners of an FR-4 printed circuit board. Each pair of antennas consists of a radiator with two concentric annular slots, fed by two L-shaped microstrip-feeding lines and provides polarization and radiation pattern diversity function due to the orthogonal placement of their feed-line. In order to reduce the mutual coupling characteristic, we have inserted a rectangular slot under each microstrip feed-line. Besides, we have coupled and linked the two rings by a small gap to combine and move the resonant modes so as to achieve wideband coverage. The measured and simulated results show that the proposed design achieves the desired performance, such as isolation >12 dB, a total efficiency >48%, and an envelope correlation coefficient <0.07. In addition, the radiation pattern, the total efficiency, the realized gain, and the channel capacity are also studied. According to the reached results, the proposed MIMO antenna may be a suitable application-oriented design for 5G mobile communication.
Wideband split-ring antenna arrays based on substrate integrated waveguide for Ka-band applications
Authors: Dong Yunfeng , Zhurbenko Vitaliy , Kaslis Kyriakos , Bjørstorp Jeppe M. , Johansen Tom K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents wideband split-ring antenna arrays based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) for Ka-band (26.5–40 GHz) applications. The antenna array is fed by a 2.92 mm coaxial connector (K-connector) and the power is equally distributed to each split-ring resonator. The designed coplanar waveguide (CPW), SIW, CPW-to-SIW transition, coaxial-to-CPW transition, and two-stage SIW power divider are described in detail. By using a thin Rogers 6002 substrate with silver epoxy-filled vias, a transition prototype is designed, fabricated, and tested in a back-to-back configuration. A wideband split-ring resonator is developed as a single element and four possible arrangements of antenna arrays are introduced. By combining the designed components and routing paths, two full layouts of the antenna arrays with four split-ring resonators are addressed. As a demonstrator, a 2×2 antenna array prototype in a compact format is designed, fabricated, and tested. The fabricated antenna array achieves a measured directivity of 15.0 dBi with a fractional bandwidth of 23.0% centered at 30.5 GHz.
An Assessment of Regional ICESat‐2 Sea‐Level Trends
Authors: Buzzanga Brett , Heijkoop Eduard , Hamlington Benjamin D. , Nerem R. Steven , Gardner Alex 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSea‐level rise is an important indicator of ongoing climate change and well observed by satellite altimetry. However, observations from conventional altimetry degrade at the coast where regional sea‐level changes can deviate from the open‐ocean and impact local communities. With the 2018 launch of the laser altimeter onboard ICESat‐2, new high‐resolution observations of ice, land, and ocean elevations are available. Here we assess the potential benefits of sea level measured by ICESat‐2 by comparing to data from Jason‐3 and tide gauges. We find good agreement in the linear rates computed from the independent observations, with an absolute average residual of 3.60 ± 0.03 cm yr−1 between global ICESat‐2 and Jason‐3 observations at a 1° posting. The recent La Niña is clearly evident in ICESat‐2 observations, as well as small‐scale features. By demonstrating the quality of the ICESat‐2‐measured sea level, we provide support for integrating it into the existing suite of sea‐level observations.