bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compensatory mechanisms in resistant Anopheles gambiae AcerKis and KdrKis neurons modulate insecticide-based mosquito control
Authors: Perrier Stéphane , Moreau Eléonore , Deshayes Caroline , El-Adouzi Marine , Goven Delphine , Chandre Fabrice , Lapied Bruno 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, two point mutations in the acetylcholinesterase (ace-1R) and the sodium channel (kdrR) genes confer resistance to organophosphate/carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides, respectively. The mechanisms of compensation that recover the functional alterations associated with these mutations and their role in the modulation of insecticide efficacy are unknown. Using multidisciplinary approaches adapted to neurons isolated from resistant Anopheles gambiae AcerKis and KdrKis strains together with larval bioassays, we demonstrate that nAChRs, and the intracellular calcium concentration represent the key components of an adaptation strategy ensuring neuronal functions maintenance. In AcerKis neurons, the increased effect of acetylcholine related to the reduced acetylcholinesterase activity is compensated by expressing higher density of nAChRs permeable to calcium. In KdrKis neurons, changes in the biophysical properties of the L1014F mutant sodium channel, leading to enhance overlap between activation and inactivation relationships, diminish the resting membrane potential and reduce the fraction of calcium channels available involved in acetylcholine release. Together with the lower intracellular basal calcium concentration observed, these factors increase nAChRs sensitivity to maintain the effect of low concentration of acetylcholine. These results explain the opposite effects of the insecticide clothianidin observed in AcerKis and KdrKis neurons in vitro and in vivo.
Gas decomposition and electrode degradation characteristics of a 20% C3F7CN and 80% CO2 gas mixture for high voltage accelerators
Authors: Iddrissu Ibrahim , Han Qinghua , Chen Lujia , Maksoud Louis , Kieffel Yannick 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSulphur hexafluoride (SF6) is a potent greenhouse gas used in high voltage accelerators. As a promising alternative to SF6, the C3F7CN/CO2 gas mixture and its by‐products are of great interest to ensure the safe operation of accelerators that will adopt any SF6‐free solution. This work experimentally examines the electrical ageing characteristics of a 20% C3F7CN/80% CO2 gas mixture tested using spark gaps under a pressure of 7.2 bar (abs.). Gas samples were collected after 1000 DC breakdowns and analysed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) with an estimated toxicity value of 54,459 ppmv, which indicates the aged mixture to be non‐toxic. Subsequent investigation was conducted on the gas‐solid interface after 500 breakdowns for both SF6 and the 20% C3F7CN/80% CO2 gas mixture. Aged electrodes were analysed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Electrode surface analysis revealed the formation of metal fluorides on the electrode surface tested using the 20% C3F7CN/80% CO2 mixture, whereas metal fluorides and sulphides were detected for electrodes tested with SF6. The findings provide a reference on the toxicity and gas‐solid interaction of the electrically aged 20% C3F7CN/80% CO2 gas mixture for potential retro‐fill application in high voltage accelerators.
High precision measurements of interstellar dispersion measure with the upgraded GMRT
Authors: Krishnakumar M. A. , Manoharan P. K. , Joshi B. C. , Girgaonkar R. , Desai S. , Bagchi M. , Nobleson K. , Dey L. , Susobhanan A. , Susarla S. C. , Surnis M. P. , Maan Y. , Gopakumar A. , Basu A. , Batra N. D. , Choudhary A. , De K. , Gupta Y. , Naidu A. K. , Pathak D. , Singha J. , Prabu T. 
Published: June 2021

Context. Pulsar radio emission undergoes dispersion due to the presence of free electrons in the interstellar medium (ISM). The dispersive delay in the arrival time of the pulsar signal changes over time due to the varying ISM electron column density along the line of sight. Accurately correcting for this delay is crucial for the detection of nanohertz gravitational waves using pulsar timing arrays.
Aims. We aim to demonstrate the precision in the measurement of the dispersion delay achieved by combining 400−500 MHz (BAND3) wide-band data with those at 1360−1460 MHz (BAND5) observed using the upgraded GMRT, employing two different template alignment methods.
Methods. To estimate the high precision dispersion measure (DM), we measure high precision times-of-arrival (ToAs) of pulses using carefully generated templates and the currently available pulsar timing techniques. We use two different methods for aligning the templates across frequency to obtain ToAs over multiple sub-bands and therefrom measure the DMs. We study the effects of these two different methods on the measured DM values in detail.
Results. We present in-band and inter-band DM estimates of four pulsars over the timescale of a year using two different template alignment methods. The DMs obtained using both these methods show only subtle differences for PSRs J1713+0747 and J1909−3744. A considerable offset is seen in the DM of PSRs J1939+2134 and J2145−0750 between the two methods. This could be due to the presence of scattering in the former and profile evolution in the latter. We find that both methods are useful but could have a systematic offset between the DMs obtained. Irrespective of the template alignment methods followed, the precision on the DMs obtained is about 10−3 pc cm−3 using only BAND3 and 10−4 pc cm−3 after combining data from BAND3 and BAND5 of the uGMRT. In a particular result, we detected a DM excess of about 5 × 10−3 pc cm−3 on 24 February 2019 for PSR J2145−0750. This excess appears to be due to the interaction region created by fast solar wind from a coronal hole and a coronal mass ejection observed from the Sun on that epoch. A detailed analysis of this interesting event is presented.
A kinematic study of central compact objects and their host supernova remnants
Authors: Mayer Martin G. F. , Becker Werner 
Published: June 2021

Context. Central compact objects (CCOs) are a peculiar class of neutron stars, primarily encountered close to the center of young supernova remnants (SNRs) and characterized by thermal X-ray emission. Measurements of their proper motion and the expansion of the parent SNR are powerful tools for constraining explosion kinematics and the age of the system.
Aims. Our goal is to perform a systematic study of the proper motion of all known CCOs with appropriate data available. From this, we hope to obtain constraints on the violent kick acting on the neutron star during the supernova explosion and infer the exact site of the explosion within the SNR. In addition, we aim to measure the expansion of three SNRs within our sample to obtain a direct handle on their kinematics and age.
Methods. We analyze multiple archival Chandra data sets that consist of HRC and ACIS observations separated by temporal baselines of between 8 and 15 years. We achieve accurate source positions by fitting the imaging data with ray-tracing models of the Chandra point spread function. In order to correct for Chandra’s systematic astrometric uncertainties, we establish a reference frame using X-ray-detected sources in Gaia DR2 to provide accurate proper motion estimates for our target CCOs. Complementarily, we use our coaligned data sets to trace the expansion of three SNRs by directly measuring the spatial offset of various filaments and ejecta clumps between different epochs.
Results. In total, we present new proper motion measurements for six CCOs. Within our sample, we do not find any indication of a hypervelocity object, and we determine comparatively tight upper limits (< 230 km s−1) on the transverse velocities of the CCOs in G330.2+1.0 and RX J1713.7−3946. We tentatively identify direct signatures of expansion for the SNRs G15.9+0.2 and Kes 79, at an estimated significance of 2.5σ and 2σ, respectively. Moreover, we confirm recently reported results, measuring the rapid expansion of G350.1−0.3 at almost 6000 km s−1, which places its maximal age at 600 − 700 years, making this object one of the youngest Galactic core-collapse SNRs. The observed expansion, combined with the proper motion of its CCO, which is much slower than previously predicted, implies the need for a very inhomogeneous circumstellar medium to explain the highly asymmetric appearance of the SNR. Finally, for the SNR RX J1713.7−3946, we combine previously published expansion measurements with our measurement of the CCO’s proper motion to obtain a constraining upper limit of 1700 years on the system’s age.
Mathematical modeling and research of heat and moisture transfer processes in porous media
Authors: Ravshanov Normakhmad , Shadmanov Istam , Kubyashev Kurash , Khikmatullaev Sanjar 
Published: June 2021

A mathematical model, numerical algorithm, solution, and results of the computational experiment on a computer are developed to predict the process of heat and moisture transfer in porous media, taking into account such factors as the internal heat and moisture release of a porous natural product on the example of raw cotton and its products of hulling, seeds of various crops. It also considers the effect of temperature and moisture content changes in the environment on the storage and drying of porous materials.
In this study, the developed mathematical support of the object under research makes it possible to predict the change in temperature and moisture content at arbitrary points of the porous body and serves to prevent the loss of quality and spontaneous combustion of materials under solar radiation and to analyze and make managerial decisions.
Based on the method of coordinate-wise splitting, a numerical algorithm for calculating three-dimensional heat and moisture transfer problems in areas of the parallelepiped type is presented. An implicit second-order difference scheme for calculating the required functions is presented.
Based on the numerical calculations performed, it was established that moisture and heat transfer and their exchange with the environment occurs in the upper layers of the cotton pile; in the inner layers, there is an increase in temperature and moisture due to the respiration of raw cotton and its seeds, which depends on the degree of moisture of the raw cotton and their products of hulling.
Mathematical model of water absorption area in intensive garden irrigation from the ground
Authors: Juraev Fazliddin , Karimov Galib 
Published: June 2021

This article presents the results of field experiments to irrigate intensive gardens, located in water-scarce areas, from the soil with special piles. Experiments were conducted in Kagan district of Bukhara region in 2016 to determine the optimal procedure for in-soil irrigation of apple variety "Pinc lady" in the intensive orchard, established in 2016 at the farm "Siyavush Kamron FOOD" in cooperation with Turkey. In this case, a mathematical model was developed to determine the irrigation area corresponding to the radius of propagation of the roots of three-year-old trees and to calculate water consumption. This makes it possible to determine the norms of irrigation of intensive garden trees.
This method can be used to set half scrubby intensive gardens in such areas where water is insufficient and use energy-saving technologies in the future.
Geometric issues of transforming a topographic surface into a design project
Authors: Kuchkarova Dilarom , Achilova Dilnoza 
Published: June 2021

Natural relief adjustment for functional purpose - the task of vertical planning - is one of the main complexes of engineering preparation problems of urban areas, industrial sites, reclamation of irrigated land. Numerous methods of designing vertical levelling are aimed at building algorithms that would allow us to obtain an optimal solution in an automated mode. In the set of problems of engineering preparation of urban areas and industrial sites, vertical planning is defined as:

a set of engineering and aesthetic measures aimed at adapting the natural relief for the needs of development and subsequent operation, taking into account the functional characteristics of the site
a part of engineering preparation, which consists in providing a height arrangement of buildings and structures necessary for the best technological connection between individual objects, as well as a quick collection of atmospheric waters

Reclamation of irrigated lands has specific requirements to design surface - maximum preservation of fertile layer, the satisfaction of cultivation technology conditions of different crops and irrigation technique. The main disadvantage of all known methods of designing vertical levelling is a cumbersome solution - a very labor-intensive way of successive approximation to an acceptable solution requires a large expenditure of computer time and subsequent manual revision. The article proposes one of the approaches to the design of levelling using geometric estimates.
Technological process of uniform distribution of fertilizers over the width of the coulter
Authors: Batirov Zafar , Razzakov Tura , Begimkulov Fayzilla , Boymuratov Farrukh 
Published: June 2021

The applied methods of applying fertilizers for cotton in Uzbekistan do not fully ensure the supply of nutrients to the plant's root system. The study aims to substantiate the technological process of uniform distribution of fertilizers in the root development zone and the parameters of coulters. When the fertilizer is distributed in the root development zone in tiers and the right ratio, the coefficient of their use increases, and the yield of cotton increases. The research uses the laws and rules of theoretical mechanics, mathematical statistics, mathematical planning of experiments, and the methods given in existing regulatory documents. The technology of forming new ridges instead of existing ridges and new furrows instead of existing furrows in fields with harvested husk with simultaneous fertilization and an improved chisel cultivator-fertilizer with comb-forming agents for its implementation, as well as the results of theoretical studies to substantiate the main parameters of the tuk coulter chisel-cultivator are presented.
The study determined the parameters of universal fertilizer Coulter chisel-cultivator of fertilizer: the base cone of the diffuser in the form of an ellipse with minor axis width 10 mm, height tool provider relative to the upper base of the truncated cone of 60 mm, and a diameter of a half-cylinder of 20 mm.
Ways to improve the anticorrosive properties of motor oils used in vehicles
Authors: Alimova Zebo , Akhmatjanov Ravshanjon , Kholikova Nargiza , Karimova Kamola 
Published: June 2021

In recent years, increased requirements for protective properties have been imposed on petroleum oils for various purposes. One of the functions of the oil is to protect the surface of parts from corrosion. Corrosion becomes especially intense when the engine is operated in hot, humid climates. In this case, oil plays a double role: on the one hand, it protects the surfaces of parts from the aggressive influence of the external environment; on the other hand, the oil itself is corrosive due to the presence of corrosive substances in it.
Corrosion is especially intensified after the engine is stopped. When it cools, moisture condenses on the parts, the lubricating oil, flowing down from the lubricated surface, cannot protect the metal from corrosion. The reason for the corrosive properties of oils is that they contain organic and inorganic acid peroxides and other oxidation products and sulfur compounds, alkalis, and water.
The purpose of this work is to study and improve the anti-corrosion properties of lubricants. With an increase in temperature, the combined action of oxygen in the air and water present in the lubricating oil causes rusting of the crankshaft, liner walls, cylinders of the internal combustion engine.
We have studied anticorrosive additives as an additive to improve the anti-corrosion properties of oils. Dialkylphenyl orthophosphoric acid additive was used as such additives. The anticorrosive activity of these substances is related to their ability to orient themselves on the oil-water surface so that hydrophilic groups are firmly bound to water while the hydrocarbon radical remains in the oil.
Interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit in der Psychosebehandlung
Authors: Jäger Matthias 
Published: June 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Behandlung von Menschen mit psychotischen Störungen erfordert ein eng abgestimmtes Vorgehen von Fachpersonen verschiedener Professionen, um die vielfältigen medizinischen, psychologischen und sozialen Dimensionen zu berücksichtigen, die durch die Erkrankung betroffen sein können. Interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit (IPZ) geht deutlich über das weit verbreitete multiprofessionelle Nebeneinander der verschiedenen Professionen hinaus. Die IPZ strebt eine multiperspektivische gemeinsame Behandlungsplanung unter Einbezug der Kernkompetenzen der einzelnen Professionen an. Die Fachpersonen im interprofessionellen Team agieren in einem komplexen und dynamischen Handlungsfeld und können so in Ergänzung zu ihren fachspezifischen auch kooperative Kompetenzen (u. a. Kommunikation, Teamarbeit, Organisation, Arbeitsteilung, Gruppendynamik, Konfliktfähigkeit, Wertschätzung, Macht, gemeinsames Lernen und Führen) erlernen und weiterentwickeln. Diese Kompetenzen sind für die IPZ essenziell, in den Aus- und Weiterbildungscurricula jedoch unterrepräsentiert.
Tagesklinische Versorgungsstruktur zur Komplextherapie der Adipositas III°
Authors: Seoudy Anna Katharina , Beckmann Alexia , Wietzke-Braun Perdita , Settgast Ute , Ziegenbruch Ursula , Türk Kathrin , Hartmann Katharina , Brandes Juliane , Schulte Dominik Maria , Wehkamp Kai , Trettow Marc , Schreiber Stefan , Laudes Matthias 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die konservativen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten der Adipositas III° (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) sind limitiert, da flächendeckend eine adäquate Versorgungsstruktur nicht vorgehalten wird. Am Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, wurde 2018 eine Tagesklinik zur Komplextherapie der Adipositas III° eingerichtet mit Sicherung der Finanzierung durch die Kostenträger über Tagessätze gemäß Krankenhausentgeltgesetz.
Methode Von 201 Adipositaspatienten, die sich von Juni 2018 bis Mai 2020 vorstellten, wurde die Tagesklinikbehandlung analysiert und zusätzlich wurde das Körpergewicht ein Jahr später ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Die Komplextherapie fand in wöchentlichen Behandlungseinheiten über 26 Wochen statt. 170 von 201 Patienten haben die Behandlung komplettiert, entsprechend einer Adhärenzquote von 84,6 %. Das mediane Alter betrug 46 Jahre. Die Mehrheit der Patienten war weiblichen Geschlechts (64,7 %). In der Gruppe der Responder (≥ 10 % Gewichtsreduktion) betrug die absolute Gewichtsabnahme 27,1 kg entsprechend etwa 20 %. Auch die Non-Responder (< 10 %) konnten ihr Körpergewicht um 8,8 kg reduzieren; in dieser Gruppe fand sich ein signifikant höherer Frauenanteil (81,3 % vs. 60,9 %, p = 0,039). Responder und Non-Responder unterschieden sich hinsichtlich des Bauch- und Hüftumfangs sowie der Fettmasse (p-Wert jeweils < 0,001). Am Therapieende wiesen die Responder niedrigere Triglyzerid- (p = 0,019) und HbA1c-Konzentrationen (p = 0,030) auf. Ein Jahr nach Beginn der Komplextherapie imponierte eine stabile Gewichtsreduktion in beiden Gruppen.
Schlussfolgerung Die teilstationäre Adipositas-Komplextherapie in einer internistischen Tagesklinik stellt eine effektive Methode zur anhaltenden Gewichtsreduktion von Patienten mit Adipositas III° dar.
Artrodesis de cuatro esquinas: Análisis comparativo de técnica abierta versus técnica percutánea con asistencia artroscópica
Authors: Cifras José Luis , Azócar Camila , Bernal Nazira , Sanhueza Miguel , Liendo Rodrigo 
Published: June 2021

Resumen
Introducción La artrodesis de cuatro esquinas es una técnica de salvataje para los pacientes con artrosis avanzada del carpo. Los objetivos quirúrgicos son disminuir el dolor y mantener cierto movimiento de la muñeca. En el último tiempo, se han descrito técnicas percutáneas con asistencia artroscópica que han logrado resultados favorables, a pesar de que la técnica abierta sigue siendo el gold estándar para realizar esa técnica quirúrgica.
Objetivo Comparar resultados funcionales y radiológicos en pacientes con muñecas con colapso avanzado escafolunar (scapholunate advanced collapse, SLAC) o colapso avanzado en la pseudoartrosis del escafoides (scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse, SNAC) operados con técnica quirúrgica abierta versus técnica percutánea con asistencia artroscópica.
Materiales y Métodos Estudio retrospectivo tipo caso-control, de fichas clínicas e imagenología de pacientes con artrosis avanzada del carpo operados con técnica percutánea y asistencia artroscópica y cirugía abierta. Se estudian variables demográficas, dolor mediante la Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), función en rangos de movilidad, tiempo de consolidación, y corrección del ángulo capitolunar. Se describe la técnica quirúrgica de la cirugía abierta y la cirugía percutánea con asistencia artroscópica.
Resultados Se estudiaron 22 pacientes del sexo masculino con edad promedio de 32,5 años. Había 13 pacientes en el grupo de casos (técnica percutánea con asistencia artroscópica) y 9 pacientes en el grupo de controles (técnica abierta). El dolor en la EVA al momento del egreso hospitalario fue de 3 para los casos y de 5 para los controles (p = 0,008), y a los 30 días del postoperatorio, fue de 0 y 3 respectivamente (p = 0,00). Los rangos de extensión y flexión fueron de 52,6° y 38,7° para los casos y de 35,7° y 32,4° para los controles (p = 0,1119 y 0,0016, respectivamente). El ángulo capitolunar fue de 10° para los controles y de 5° para los casos (p = 0,0008). El tiempo de consolidación fue de 8,8 semanas para los casos y de 12,5 semanas para los controles (p = 0,039).
Discusión Tanto la técnica percutánea con asistencia artroscópica cuanto la cirugía abierta para realizar una artrodesis de cuatro esquinas son técnicas reproducibles y efectivas en lograr consolidación, disminución del dolor, y mantenimiento de rangos de movimiento en la muñeca.
Conclusión En el presente trabajo se demuestran mejores promedios de los parámetros evaluados con la técnica percutánea que con la cirugía abierta; sin embargo, es necesario realizar estudios prospectivos para realizar una recomendación con respecto a la técnica quirúrgica de elección.
Corrección de La Altura Patelar En Inestabilidad Rotuliana
Authors: Díaz Pedro , Colmenares Oscar , Figueroa David 
Published: June 2021

ResumenEl manejo de la inestabilidad patelofemoral se basa en una adecuada evaluación de alteraciones anatómicas predisponentes. Patela alta es una de las causas más importantes de inestabilidad objetiva. La alteración biomecánica que ésta produce puede conducir a luxación patelar recurrente, dolor y cambios degenerativos focales. El examen físico es fundamental en la toma de decisiones. La evaluación imagenológica ha evolucionado desde métodos basados en radiografía hacia mediciones en resonancia magnética, que permiten una orientación más acabada de la relación existente entre la rótula y la tróclea femoral. El tratamiento se fundamenta en la corrección selectiva de los factores causales, donde la osteotomía de descenso de la tuberosidad anterior de la tibia y la reconstrucción del ligamento patelofemoral medial son herramientas que deben considerarse racionalmente. Este artículo realiza una revisión de la literatura, otorgando los fundamentos quirúrgicos que explican la importancia del tratamiento específico de patela alta en inestabilidad rotuliana.