bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH ILMU ASHWAT TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN BAHASA ARAB DI IAIM SINJAI
Authors: Amriani Amriani , Rahman Hardianto 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini berangkat dari sebuah keprihatinan dimana tidak sedikit mahasiswa yang bisa berkomunikasi dengan menggunakan bahasa Arab. Namun, pengucapannya tidak sesuai dengan makhrojul hurufnya sehingga pendengar tidak memahami apa yang dibicarakan karena beda pelafalan maka beda makna. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: membuktikan pengaruh ilmu ashwat terhadap mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Arab IAIM Sinjai.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan expost facto. Populasi yang diambil sejumlah 62 mahasiswa dari program studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dengan jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 51 orang.Skala pengukuran menggunakan skala Likert.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: terdapat pengaruh ilmu ashwa tterhadap keterampilan berbicara mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Arab IAI Muhammadiyah Sinjai. Berdasarkan analisis regresi sederhana yang telah dilakukan melalui program SPSS 20, diperoleh hasil bahwa dari 51 responden yang diteliti diketahui jikat-hitung< t-tabel, maka H0 diterima. Ha ditolak, jika t-hitung> t-tabel, maka Ha diterima, H0 ditolak. Berdasarkan tabel coefficients bahwa t-hitung 4,297 > t-tabel 1,676. Maka dapat diartikan bahwa variabel ilmu ashwat (X) mempengaruhi variabel keterampilan berbicara (Y).
KAJIAN LAFAL DARI SEGI LUAS DAN SEMPITNYA MAKNA (Lafal ‘Ām, Khāṣ, Amr, dan Nahiy)
Authors: Sardiyanah Sardiyanah , Andi Muh. Taqiyuddin BN  
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan, memaparkan tentang bagaimana kehujjahan lafal ‘Ām, Khāṣ, Amr, dan Nahiy, dan untuk menjelaskan Implementasi lafal ‘Ām, Khāṣ, Amr, dan Nahiy. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, jenis penelitian adalah library research dan menggunakan metode pendekatan linguistik dan normatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa; 1) Lafal al-‘Ām sebelum di-takhṣiṣ, ada yang mengatakan bahwa dia adalah ḥujjah ẓanniyah dan ḥujjah qaṭ’iyyah. Kemudian lafal khāṣ adalah hujjah, karena para ulama sepakat bahwa dilālah-nya lafal khāṣ adalah qaṭ’i. Adapun lafal Amr dan Nahiy adalah bagian dari lafal khāṣ, kemudian dari sinilah dapat dipahami juga bahwa lafal Amr dan Nahiy dapat dijadikan sebagai hujah, karena dilālah-nya lafal khāṣ adalah qaṭ’iy. 2) Implementasi Lafal ‘Ām, Khāṣ, Amr, dan Nahiy masing-masing tidak hanya mencakup pada asalnya, namun luas cakupannya.
Kritik Sajak F Rahardi “Nasehat Nenek Pada Cucu Laki-Lakinya yang Sedang Patah Hati”
Authors: Sumarno Sumarno , Ratnaningsih Dewi 
Published: April 2021

Literature criticism could be used as media for connecting the reader and the literature. Stages done in literature criticism is started by interpretation, analysis, and evaluation. Based on interpreation, analysis, and evaluation, this rhyme use clear diction, so it’s become inappropriate for student. In addition, some Indonesian words such as berak, kencing, cebok, and kentut are assumed as inappropriate words. Thus, this literature has low education value for young readers, like students. The use of inappropriate enjambemen also creates and produces unclear meaning in every line of literature.
İdris Nebi Uysal, (2018) Yunus Emre Yunus Emre Divanı’ndan Seçmeler (Karaman Nüshası)
Authors: VARDAR Özge 
Published: April 2021

Hayatı hakkındaki bilgilere daha çok menkıbeler üzerinden ulaşılan Yunus Emre, siyasi ve toplumsal çatışmaların yoğun olduğu bir dönemde yaşamıştır. Moğol saldırılarının arttığı, kardeş ve taht kavgalarının yaşandığı, halkın ağır vergiler altında ezildiği, sosyoekonomik yapının bozulmaya başladığı bu devirde Yunus Emre sözleriyle halka umut olmuştur. Maddi ve manevi zarar gören, buhrana sürüklenen halkın ruhunu beslemek isteyen Yunus Emre, Türkçe konuşan halka, çağdaşlarının aksine onların diliyle seslenmiş, Arapça ve Farsça kelimelere Türkçe ruh ve kimlik vererek, coşkulu bir dille halkın duygularına hitap eden şiirler kaleme almıştır.
Yunus Emre; edebiyatımızda ve akademik dünyada hayatı, eserleri hakkında en çok çalışma yapılan isimlerden biridir. Fuat Köprülü’den bugüne birçok yerli ve yabancı isim, onu ilmî ve edebî çalışmalarının konusu olarak ele almıştır. Öyle ki Yunus merkezli araştırma ve incelemelerin künyesi birkaç kitap teşkil edecek hacme ulaşmıştır. Yunus Emre ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalardan biri de İdris Nebi Uysal’ın hazırladığı Yunus Emre Yunus Emre Divanı’ndan Seçmeler (Karaman Nüshası) adlı seçki nitelikli eserdir. 2018 yılında Karaman Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları arasından çıkan bu eser, 158 sayfadan oluşmaktadır.
KEADILAN DALAM RETRIBUSI PARKIR BERLANGGANAN
Authors: Munir Ahmad , Hudi Moh. 
Published: April 2021

The regional government has the authority to regulate and manage government affairs on the basis of regional autonomy. The presence of parking fees is one of the results of the regional autonomy regulation. Subscription parking levies are applied by various regions, but there is a contradiction with Law Number 28 of 2009 concerning Regional Taxes and Regional Levies and can harm the public. For this reason, it is necessary to study justice in the application of subscription parking fees.
The methodology used is the legislative approach and the conceptual approach by examining legislation and doctrines relating to subscription parking fees. The purpose of this study is to examine and find appropriate regulations in the application of parking fees. The application of parking fees for subscription parking fees cannot be forced or required for all people because it is not in accordance with the concept of retribution and and the basis of justice. For this reason, the application of subscription parking cannot be forced on all parking retribution subjects to bring about of justice.
IMPLEMENTASI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DALAM MENINGKATKAN SDM SMPN 1 SUNGAI PUA
Authors: Marianis Marianis 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya kemampuan guru dalam merancang dan menyusun administrasi akademik pembelajaran, rendahnya kemampuan guru dalam menggunakan dan memanfaatkan Teknologi Informasi (TI) dalam pembelajaran di masa pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini menjawab apakah dengan supervisi akademik di masa pandemi Covid-19 ini dapat meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia (guru) di SMPN 1 Sungai Pua. Pelaksanaan supervisi akademik pada masa pandemi Covid-19 dapat meningkatkan kualitas guru di SMPN 1 Sungai Pua. Peningkatan yang tampak adalah guru telah mampu membuat, merancang program pembelajaran RPP sesuai kurikulum darurat masa pandemi covid-19, guru mampu menggunakan dan memanfaatkan TI dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh selama pandemi covid-19, guru termotivasi untuk menambah wawasan dan pengetahuan dalam menggunakan media dan model pembelajaran berbasis TI.

This research is motivated by the lack of teachers' ability to design and organize academic administration of learning, the low ability of teachers to use and utilize Information Technology (IT) in learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research answers whether academic supervision during the Covid-19 pandemic can improve the qualTIy of human resources (teachers) at SMPN 1 Sungai Pua. The implementation of academic supervision during the Covid-19 pandemic is able to improve the quality of teachers at SMPN 1 Sungai Pua, the visible improvements are: 1) teachers have been able to make, design lesson plans learning programs according to the emergency curriculum during the Covid-19 pandemic, 2) teachers are able to use and utilize IT in distance learning during Covid-19 pandemic, 3) teachers are motivated to add insight and knowledge in using IT-based media and learning models.
PENERAPAN LINGUISTIK ARAB DALAM MEMAHAMI BAHASA AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Kosim Abdul 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini menjelaskan fenomena penerapan linguistik Arab dalam memahami bahasa Al-Qur’an pada guru Bahasa Arab Madrasah Aliyah Kabupaten Purwakarta. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari beberapa sampel guru Bahasa Arab dari 12 Madrasah Aliyah yang ada di Kabupaten Purwakarta. Penerapan linguistik Arab yang meliputi aspek-aspek internal bahasa dari mulai fonologi, morfologi, sintaksis, dan semantik yang tampak pada guru Bahasa Arab Madrasah Aliyah di Kabupaten Purwakarta menunjukkan 76 % sudah sesuai dengan kaidah linguistik. Nilai yang cukup besar dan didominasi aspek fonologi sebesar 22%, disusul dengan aspek sintaksis 18,3%, aspek morfologi yang 18,3%, dan aspek semantik yang 17%. Secara guru bahasa Arab Madrasah Aliyah Kabupaten Purwakarta dalam hal penerapan linguistik Arab untuk memahami bahasa Al-Qur’an sangat bagus, hal ini disebabkan karena kualitas sumber daya manusia yang memadai dan lingkungan yang mendukung karena dikelililngi oleh pesantren-pesantren yang hebat dan berkualitas.
Kata kunci : Penerapan, linguistik Arab, Bahasa Al-Qur’an
O uso das estratégias de Co-marketing, Coopetição e marketing do destino, por meio da mídia social Instagram no período de pandemia
Authors: Perinotto André Riani Costa , Sobrinho Luciano De Lima , Soares Jakson Renner Rodrigues , Fernandéz María Dolores Sánchez 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo do estudo: Com o surgimento do vírus Covid-19, medidas de prevenção para controlar seu avanço foram tomadas por todo o mundo, acarretando impactos significativos no setor turístico e obrigando as empresas a replanejarem suas ações. Neste artigo buscou-se identificar de que forma os meios de hospedagem em atuação no destino turístico de Jericoacoara têm realizado marketing digital durante a pandemia, descobrindo se existem estratégias de gestão Co-Marketing e Coopetição.Metodologia/abordagem: Para tanto, utilizou-se para isso a metodologia de trabalho com imersão na internet com cunho qualitativo.Originalidade/Relevância: É relevante neste momento de recuperação pensar em estratégias coletivas entre as empresas com possíveis realizações de parcerias para divulgação dos produtos e/ou serviços, como o co-marketing e a coopetição.Principais resultados: Entende-se como a primeira tomada de decisão importante, a busca por inovação no uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação para realização do marketing digital, para mantimento do relacionamento com os clientes, sabendo que o contato físico se encontra proibido. Encontrou-se que, as estratégias de co-marketing e coopetição são realizadas, porém em escala bem reduzida, diferente do marketing de destino que já é utilizado como ação por parte dos estabelecimentos em Jijoca de Jericoacoara-Ceará.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Discussão e apresentação de coopetição e co-marketing para estudos no turismo em tempos que o mercado pede por soluções rápidas e eficazes em destinações por vezes afetadas pela baixa demanda turística.
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of Imperiled Plants in the Mojave Desert
Authors: Wilkening Jennifer , Kobelt Lara , J. Pereira Tiffany 
Published: April 2021

The Mojave Desert in the southwestern United States is one of the hottest and driest areas of North America. Climate change is likely to exacerbate these conditions. The region is home to many endemic plant species, including 24 federally threatened species. The impact of climate change factors on these sensitive Mojave Desert species is relatively unknown. Here we used a climate change vulnerability assessment to determine which imperiled plants may be most affected by changing climatic conditions. We evaluated the vulnerability of each species under future climate scenarios and calculated scores using metrics such as exposure, sensitivity, niche breadth, and dispersal capability. We found that most listed plant species were vulnerable to climate change, with 21% (N = 5) classified as extremely vulnerable, 25% (N = 6) classified as highly vulnerable, and 42% (N = 10) classified as moderately vulnerable. Contributing factors most frequently associated with vulnerability included various barriers to migration, high habitat specificity, and species sensitivity to changes in hydrological patterns. Many of these species are already threatened by ongoing anthropogenic stressors such as urban growth and associated developments, and these results suggest that climate change will pose additional challenges for conservation and management. Natural resource managers can use the vulnerability ranking and contributing factors identified from these analyses to inform ecological decisions related to threatened plants throughout desert regions.
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Renan Vieira da Costa Júnior José , Luchini Batista Sérgio 
Published: April 2021

The use of glucocorticoids (GC) in the medium and long term, causes several considerable side effects, being one of the main ones the reduction of bone mineral density (BMD). Prolonged corticosteroid therapy reduces BMD by up to 20% in trabecular bone and approximately 2–3% in cortical bone in the first year of use. This loss rate declines and stabilizes at approximately 2% in subsequent years. Therefore, there is a considerable increase in the incidence of pathological fractures, whether clinically symptomatic or asymptomatic (detected as a radiological finding), which varies between 30 and 50% of patients who use GC for more than three months. In view of the above, it is essential to prevent fractures and treat osteoporosis in patients using glucocorticoids for long periods (in particular, greater than or equal to 3 months), which may or may not be associated with clinical risk factors or previous fractures. The guidelines for the treatment and prevention of this comorbidity are well established for postmenopausal women and men over 50 years of age. However, for patients below this range, studies are still lacking.
Tumor Metabolism: Focused on Tumor Glycolysis, Progress, and Prospects in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Kumar Atul , Singh Mamta , Sharma Dolly , Kumar Vinit , Rani Reshma 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The metabolic reprogramming of cell is a well‐established clinical hallmark of cancer and accordingly has attracted significant attention from researchers in the field of drug discovery. The dependency of cancer cells toward altered “cancer metabolism” (CM) encouraged scientists to work to better understand their metabolic alteration and tumor microenvironment. In fact, the cellular energetics of cancer cells is significantly different from normal cells due to the high demand of energy and metabolites that are required for cancer cell growth and proliferation. A combination of identification of metabolic processes and detailed study of how oncogenic signaling pathways can modulate the metabolic processes might be useful to achieve the selective killing of cancer cells. Recently, several studies have confirmed that cancer metabolism plays a fundamental role in cancer progression and metastasis. Carbohydrate metabolism, particularly glucose metabolism in tumor cells, has received significant attention because rapidly growing cancer cells preferentially rely on the enhanced rate of tumor glycolytic process uncoupled with oxidative phosphorylation. Small molecules targeting tumor glycolysis hold promise for drug discovery and drug development in cancer therapeutics. In addition, it offers the development of new treatment options by synergizing potential glycolytic inhibitors with existing drugs. Therefore, this article includes recent updates on tumor glycolysis and small molecules that counteract tumor glycolysis.
Polymyxins as Antibacterials and Antibiotic Potentiators
Authors: Dawson Mike , Lister Troy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in Gram‐negative pathogenic bacteria has reached alarming levels and these drug‐resistant bacteria pose an urgent global threat. All of the major classes of antibiotics with activity against Gram‐negative bacteria, including penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, quinolones, and tetracyclines, have over time succumbed to widespread resistance. Fortunately, medicinal chemistry has been very successful at iteratively addressing the emergence of resistance (and other limitations) with second and third (or more) generation products. The polymyxin class has broad Gram‐negative antimicrobial activity, including against bacteria resistant to the antibiotic classes listed above. It is because of such activity that polymyxins have witnessed a resurgence in clinical use, but toxicity is concerning and commonly limits dosing. And, unlike other classes of antibiotics, the polymyxin class has been recalcitrant to clinically meaningful optimization and only the initially discovered, natural polymyxins are available for clinical use. This article explores recent developments in polymyxin‐based drug discovery and development and the extensive effort invested in trying to identify clinically viable second‐generation variants.
Quality Assurance
Authors: Brar Harjinder , Vethanayagam Jude 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Quality assurance in pharmaceutical manufacturing, quite simply, is the sum total of processes, practices, and systems utilized to ensure the SISPQ (safety, identity, strength, purity, and quality) of a medicinal drug intended for a patient. A robust quality management system (QMS) ensures this by adhering to the regulatory guidance and industry best practices where these practices are occurring, as well as by ensuring drugs meet the regulatory requirements for the different intended markets. The intent of this primer on quality assurance is to provide the interested reader a foundation for appreciating the requirements, complexity, and care that goes into managing the safe delivery of effective medicines to patients.
Social Justice and Health Equity: Core Ethical Values in the Health Sciences
Authors: Smith Maxwell J 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSocial justice and health equity are frequently invoked in the health sciences. They are commonly referred to as ‘core values’ or ‘central aims’ that health research, medicine and other health interventions should seek to realise. Yet, despite their ubiquity and stature in the health sciences, it is rarely made clear exactly what these values mean and how they ought to be reflected in practice. If the ethical commitments of social justice and health equity are not articulated or are unclear when they are invoked, it is unlikely that these ‘core values’ will meaningfully guide work in the health sciences, and it is even less likely that progress will be made towards health equity and social justice. It is therefore imperative to understand the ethical foundations of these concepts, some prominent ways that they might be interpreted in the health sciences and the important differences between health equity and social justice.Social justice and health equity are frequently identified as ‘core values’ in the health sciences, yet it is often not made clear what these values should mean in practice.Because health inequities are differences in health that are considered to be ‘unjust’, clarity is required about what makes a difference in health unjust and what a ‘just’ state of population health should look like.Failing to clearly and explicitly articulate the ethical norms or standards that health equity and social justice should commit health scientists to is likely to lead to ethically dubious, inconsistent and unsound policy and practice decisions, which may in turn contribute to the creation, maintenance or exacerbation of social injustice and health inequities – the very outcomes health equity and social justice are trying to address.Broadly speaking, conceptions of justice tend to address the following dimensions: distributive justice, relational justice and procedural justice. Each of these dimensions is relevant to considerations of health equity and social justice in the health sciences.Evidence suggests that explicit consideration of the normative dimensions of health equity is not the norm. As a result, a term that superficially gestures towards ‘fairness’ and ‘social justice’ can be invoked without being forced to meaningfully engage with phenomena that are central to the concerns of social justice: racism, sexism, colonialism and other forms of oppression.
Science and Ethics of One Health
Authors: Lederman Zohar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOne Health (OH) is now on the agenda of many governments and international health organisations, drawing attention from natural scientists, social scientists, ecologists, public health experts and ethicists. As a biomedical approach and perhaps a social movement, OH brings to the fore novel ethical issues and dilemmas pertaining to any number of these professions or at least adds complexity to old ethical issues and dilemmas.Key ConceptsOne Health is an interdisciplinary effort to better the lives of humans, animals and the environment.One Health is a burgeoning field of research in public health, clinical medicine and bioethics.One Health includes various topics including zoonoses, food security and safety, environmental hazards, effects of climate change on health and comparative medicine.One Health invites a discussion of old and novel issues in bioethics.Theories of environmental ethics are relevant to the bioethics of One Health.
Functional Constraint and Molecular Evolution
Authors: Forsdyke Donald R 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile having one or more specific functions, macromolecules also have both collective functions (e.g. Donnan equilibrium and aggregation pressure) and general functions (e.g. contribution to organism weight). Successful molecular evolution requires an appropriate balance between the constraints on these functions, which arise from selective pressures acting at the levels of conventional phenotypes (naturalselection) and genome phenotypes (physiological selection). Genome‐wide constraints include fold pressure (nucleic acid stem–loop extrusion pressure) and GC pressure (the pressure for a certain base composition). When these bring about within‐genomephysiologicalselection (hybrid sterility), there is the potential for new species to emerge (speciation). Local constraints include protein pressure (the pressure to encode a protein) and purine‐loading pressure (purine‐rich messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) synonymous strands), which avoids false antiviral alarms. As more pressures are identified, arguments for neutral evolution weaken.Molecules have specific, collective and general functions.Most macromolecules function by virtue of their higher ordered structure.Nucleic acids have both structural and templating functions.Each species achieves its own balance between the competing demands (constraints) of external and internal environments.The organismal phenotype comprises the classical phenotype and the genome phenotype.Natural selection operates on the classical (conventional) phenotype.Physiological selection operates on the genome phenotype.By balancing natural and physiological selection, the ‘hand of nature’ resolves conflicts between functions.Chargaff's base composition rules are fundamental to understanding nucleic acid‐level functions.Physiological selection targets oligonucleotide differences that, when in coding regions, may initially favour genes encoding intrinsically disordered proteins.