bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear optical properties of CVD-synthesized CuS crystals
Authors: Suleiman Abdulsalam Aji , Rahighi Reza , Parsi Amir , Kasirga Talip Serkan 
Published: December 2024

Copper sulfide (CuS) is a material of growing interest due to its distinctive electronic, optical, and catalytic properties. In this study, we successfully synthesized ultrathin CuS crystals, with thicknesses as low as 14 nm and lateral dimensions reaching 60 μm, using a single-step chemical vapor deposition process. Detailed structural, compositional, and morphological analyses revealed intrinsic lattice defects, including stacking faults and domain misorientations. These defects disrupt the centrosymmetry of the CuS lattice and are responsible for an unexpected second harmonic generation response, an uncommon behavior in centrosymmetric materials. In addition, we measured the first-order temperature coefficients of Raman shifts, providing insights into the thermal dynamics of the CuS crystal structure. These findings position CuS as a potential material for nonlinear optical applications, while reinforcing its established roles in catalysis and electronics.
Spectroscopic amplifier for ultrahigh plasmonic-based enhancement of the hyper-Raman scattering procedure
Authors: Alsawafta Mohammed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An anisotropic plasmonic trimer is proposed as an effective spectroscopic amplifier for the maximum signal enhancement of the hyper-Raman Scattering (HRS) process. The three-particle system is composed of asymmetric Au nanorings arranged collinearly in a J-aggregate configuration and illuminated by a longitudinally polarized light. The optical properties of the considered trimer have been numerically simulated by the finite-difference time-domain method. The extinction profile of the heterotrimer exhibits the excitation of two plasmonic bands, superradiant and subradiant (Fano interference) modes. From the associated highly enhanced and strongly localized nearfield, the enhancement factor of the surface-enhanced HRS (EFSEHRS) is calculated. The simulation results demonstrate the impact of both the thickness and height of the interacting rings on the Raman factor. To reach the desired value of the EFSEHRS, the thickness of the rings should be maximized, and their height must be minimized. These two factors work together to enormously increase the charge density accumulated in the intercoupling region, the associated nearfield intensity, and therefore significantly augment the corresponding EFSEHRS. The EFSEHRS increases exponentially with decreasing height and increasing thickness of the trimer system. For selected values of both thickness and height, EFSEHRS can reach a value never reported before, as high as 5.6 × 1023.
Lucky Imaging Based Blind Deconvolution Algorithm for Wide Field-of-view Solar GLAO Image
Authors: Bian Qing , Bao Hua , Li Shuiqi , Wang Shuai , Gao Guoqing , Luo Daiyin , Jiang Ning , Rao Changhui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a lucky imaging based blind deconvolution algorithm for wide field-of-view (FoV) ground layer adaptive optics (GLAO) solar images. Our method effectively combines the advantages of traditional lucky imaging and blind deconvolution techniques, by segmenting and reconstructing sub-images in different field directions of the captured image sequence, as well as stitching and fusing reconstructed results of multiple regions, which significantly improves the robustness of reconstruction results. High quality wide FoV reconstruction results were obtained for actual GLAO solar images collected by a 1 m New Vacuum Solar Telescope in experiments. After processing, the Image Sharpness Metric Based on the Notion of Just Notifiable Blur improved by 51.39% and 53.65% compared to the average frame of the input image. The algorithm proposed can help achieve good results in every field direction for wide FoV images, which can provide important data support for subsequent research.
Multi-wavelength Classification of Active and Star-forming Galaxies on the BPT Diagram with Supervised Machine Learning Models
Authors: Ding Jaymin , Rodriguez Antonio C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Distinguishing between active galactic nuclei (AGN) and star-forming galaxies (SFGs) in large astronomical surveys is an important challenge with applications to various subfields of astrophysics and cosmology. In particular, this distinction is especially crucial for informing theories of supermassive black hole formation, which are tied to our understanding of the Big Bang and the early Universe. The Baldwin–Phillips–Terlevich (BPT) diagram, which uses flux ratios of optical emission lines, has been the traditional gold standard for differentiating between these galaxies for nearly four decades. Our aim is to investigate the effect that each spectral line and photometric band has on the accuracy of supervised machine learning models in distinguishing between AGN and SFGs. The data set we employ consists of nearly thirty thousand galaxies in a crossmatch of data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16 with ultraviolet, X-ray, and infrared surveys. We find that machine learning models trained on and applied to photometry alone, are able to achieve above 90% accuracy. We also find that the addition of multi-wavelength data improves upon both the accuracy and precision of the original BPT diagram, increasing the accuracy to approximately 98% when combined with spectroscopy. We also find that adding in X-ray flux data does not improve the models, which could be an indication that the X-ray properties of AGN and SFGs are more similar than what was previously theorized.
Critical collapse in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime*
Authors: Xin 辛 Li-Jie 李杰 , Shao 邵 Cheng-Gang 成刚 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigate the critical collapse of spherically symmetric scalar fields in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime, focusing on two scenarios: real and complex scalar fields with potentials. By fine-tuning the amplitude of the initial scalar field under different cosmological constants, we find a linear relationship between the critical amplitude of the first collapse and the cosmological constant in both scenarios. Furthermore, we observe that the slope of this linear relationship varies linearly with coupling strength.
Numerical studies of the voltage amplitude effect on plasma characteristics in atmospheric pressure driven by dual LF-RF frequency discharge
Authors: Yu Yilin , Zhao Zhibo , Nie Qiuyue , Chen Shu , Zhang Zhonglin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are primarily utilized as efficient sources of large-volume diffuse plasmas. However, the synergistic interaction of certain key plasma factors limits their broader application. In the present study, we report on numerical investigations of the effects of voltage amplitude in dual-frequency excitation on atmospheric DBDs using a 50 kHz/5 MHz frequency combination. Our results indicate that varying the voltages for LF and RF significantly influences the electron dynamics during discharge, resulting in distinct spatiotemporal distributions of electron and metastable particle densities. These findings contribute to the regulation of discharges under atmospheric pressure conditions and facilitate the attainment of non-equilibrium and nonlinear plasma parameters.
Data driven deep learning fault diagnosis method based on vision transformer and multi-head attention for different working condition
Authors: Lu Jingyu , Ji Weixi , Yu Junjie , Zhang Chaoyang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Data-driven deep learning methods have shown excellent performance in bearing fault diagnosis tasks. In application scenarios, the network relies on data needs to adapt to signals under different working conditions. The data in actual scenarios are continuously monitored and consist of multi-source heterogeneous streams, which makes that data-driven fault diagnosis methods need to improve the quality of data with domain differences. Under data normalization and resampling, this paper combines data pre-processing techniques to integrate prior features into the network to improve the accuracy of identifying non-stationary time series data. The improved multi-head attention mechanism is used to further extract features accurately. In the extended multi-head attention mechanism, the dependencies of LSTM and BiGRU on non-stationary time series sequences are combined. By employing the encoder structure of the network, the signal is transformed into STFT images, which are modelled with global dependencies to enable accurate feature extraction. Case studies show that the method has advantages over traditional neural networks under different working conditions and noise levels.
Psychometric validation of the Diagnostic Assessment Research Tool: Alcohol use disorder module
Authors: Garber Molly L , Belisario Kyla , Levitt Emily E , McCabe Randi E , Kelly John , MacKillop James 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
Structured clinical interviewing is considered the gold standard in psychiatric diagnosis. The Diagnostic Assessment Research Tool (DART) is a novel modularized, non-copywritten, semi-structured interview; however, no studies have examined the psychometric properties of its alcohol use disorder (AUD) module. The primary aims of this study were to: (i) validate the factor structure of the DART AUD module and (ii) examine measurement invariance across several key demographic and subgroup factors.

Methods
Participants were community members in Hamilton, Canada and Boston, USA who self-identified as making a significant AUD recovery attempt (N = 499). Internal reliability was examined via the Kuder–Richardson 20 statistic, and correlations between symptom count and drinking quantity/frequency were examined. Then, symptom-level data were included in a confirmatory factor analysis to examine model fit of a single hypothesized factor structure. Finally, measurement invariance analyses were conducted for sex, age, ethnicity (White vs. racialized), and study site.

Results
This study found evidence for adequate internal reliability (rKR20 = 0.75), and symptom scores correlated with drinking quantity and frequency (r = 0.16–0.43). Confirmatory factor analysis results suggested excellent fit for the unidimensional one-factor AUD model (χ2 = 0.09, confirmatory factor index = 0.99, Tucker Lewis index = 0.99, standardized root mean square residual = 0.06, root mean square error of approximation = 0.02). Measurement invariance analyses revealed that the factor structure was equivalent between sex, age, ethnicity, and study site.

Conclusions
Findings provide strong evidence for the psychometric validity of the DART AUD module and support its use in research and clinical practice. The DART represents a credible alternative to other diagnostic interviewing tools for AUD.
Remote and Cross-Cultural Training of Research Assistants Abroad to Conduct Neuropsychological Tests: Lessons Learned
Authors: Stimmel Marnina B , Adhikari Dristi , Ayers Emmeline , Jacob Soumya , Verghese Joe , Weiss Erica F 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
There are no published guidelines regarding remotely training research assistants (RAs) to conduct neuropsychological tests. With technological advances allowing for increased international collaboration within the medical and research communities, challenges often arise from such partnerships, including linguistic, cultural, and physical barriers. A notable challenge for supervising neuropsychologists in international projects is the physical distance from RAs, sites, and materials, making training/supervision of RAs and monitoring test data quite challenging. In the context of a research collaboration between neuropsychologists based in New York and RAs based in Kerala, India, as part of the Kerala-Einstein Study, we explore the obstacles of remotely training RAs and maintaining neuropsychological data integrity. We share lessons learned and systems developed to optimize remote, multilingual, cross-cultural training of RAs in administration/scoring of neuropsychological tests. One-on-one video training sessions mitigated logistical problems (i.e., time differences, internet connection, language comfort). Individualized training in scoring and a centralized individual to double-score protocols addressed quality assurance of test data. Close collaboration between our teams was necessary for cultural competency, particularly when building an appropriate test battery, creating and translating manuals, and adapting protocols. Finally, frequent and ongoing communication channels ensured excellence in study design, information gathering, and data quality. Future studies should continue highlighting strategies for remotely training psychometrics/RAs in neuropsychological administration.
Real time-PCR a diagnostic tool for reporting copy number variation and relative gene-expression changes in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia—a pilot study
Authors: Sadaqat Zoha , Joseph Smitha , Verma Chandrika , Muni Reddy Jyothi , Prakash Anand , Thomas Tinku , Bharadwaj Vandana , Vyas Neha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is used routinely in clinical practice as a cost-effective method for molecular diagnostics. Research in pediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ped B-ALL) suggests that apart from cytogenetics and clinical features, there is a need to include Copy number variation (CNV) in select genes at diagnosis, for upfront stratification of patients. Using ped B-ALL as a model, we have developed a RT-PCR-based iterative probability scoring method for reporting CNVs, and relative gene-expression changes. Our work highlights that once genes of interest and hotspots of CNVs are identified in discovery phase, our proposed method can be used as a cost-effective and user-friendly diagnostic tool for the identification of changes at genomic or transcriptomic level. It has the potential to be incorporated in routine diagnostics in resource constrained settings and be tailored for different diseases as per need.
Advances in assessment and cognitive neurorehabilitation of HIV-related neurocognitive impairment
Authors: Fischer Elia L , Renaud Alexis , Grivaz Petr , Di Liberto Giovanni , Ryvlin Philippe , Cavassini Matthias , Du Pasquier Renaud A , Sokolov Arseny A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is present in around 40% of people with HIV and substantially affects everyday life, adherence to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and overall life expectancy. Suboptimal therapy regimen, opportunistic infections, substance abuse and highly prevalent psychiatric co-morbidities contribute to NCI in people with HIV. In this review, we highlight the need for efficacious treatment of HIV-related NCI through pharmacological approaches and cognitive neurorehabilitation, discussing recent randomized controlled trials in this domain. We also discuss the benefits of a thorough and interdisciplinary diagnostic work-up between specialists in neurology, psychiatry, neuropsychology and infectious diseases, helping to disentangle the various factors contributing to cognitive complaints and deficits in people with HIV. While the advent of cART has contributed to slowing the progression of cognitive deficits in people with HIV and reducing the prevalence of HIV-associated dementia, NCI persists at a significant rate. Adjuvant stimulating or neuroprotective pharmacological agents have shown some potential benefits. Despite promising outcomes, studies on cognitive neurorehabilitation of HIV-related NCI remain sparse and limited in terms of methodological aspects. The access to cognitive neurorehabilitation is also restricted, in particular at the global scale. Novel technology bears a significant potential for restoring cognitive function in people with HIV, affording high degrees of standardization and personalization, along with opportunities for telerehabilitation. Entertaining serious video game environments with immersive graphics can further promote patient motivation, training adherence and impact on everyday life, as indicated by a growing body of evidence, including in seropositive children and older individuals in Africa. Upon validation of technology-assisted cognitive neurorehabilitation for HIV-related NCI in large-scale randomized controlled trials with state-of-the-art methodology, these approaches will promote socio-professional reintegration and quality of life of people with HIV.
Diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia: blood plasma and optical coherence tomography
Authors: Jali Vidishaa , Zhang Qinglin , Chong Joyce Ruifen , Wong Damon , Tan Bingyao , Garhöfer Gerhard , Hilal Saima , Lai Mitchell K P , Schmetterer Leopold , Chen Christopher Li-Hsian , Chua Jacqueline 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Accurate and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia is crucial for enabling timely interventions and improving patient outcomes. This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of plasma biomarkers (neurofilament light chain and phosphorylated tau181) and retinal biomarkers (retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer), individually and in combination, in differentiating moderate cognitive impairment and dementia from mild cognitive impairment and no cognitive impairment. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 509 participants, aged 50 and older, recruited from a memory clinic. The participants were categorized as normal (n = 100), mild cognitive impairment (n = 144), moderate cognitive impairment (n = 90) or dementia (n = 175) based on detailed clinical assessments, neuropsychological testing and MRI scans. The thickness of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (P &lt; 0.001) and retinal nerve fibre layer (P = 0.030) decreased progressively from normal cognition to cognitive impairment and dementia. The thickest layers were observed in individuals with no cognitive impairment (mean ± standard deviation: ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer: 76 ± 11 µm, retinal nerve fibre layer: 92 ± 10 µm), while the thinnest layers were found in individuals with dementia (ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer: 72 ± 14 µm, retinal nerve fibre layer: 89 ± 12 µm). Plasma biomarker levels increased progressively from normal cognition to cognitive impairment and dementia (P &lt; 0.001). Levels were lowest in individuals with no cognitive impairment [median (interquartile range): neurofilament light chain: 15 (9) pg/mL, phosphorylated tau181: 1.85 (1.00) pg/mL] and highest in those with dementia [neurofilament light chain: 34 (27) pg/mL, phosphorylated tau181: 3.24 (2.81) pg/mL]. After adjusting for retinal scan signal strength, neurofilament light chain showed a stronger negative association with retinal nerve fibre layer thickness [standardized beta estimate (β) = −0.184] and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (β = −0.139) compared to phosphorylated tau181, which exhibited weaker associations with ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (β = −0.091) and retinal nerve fibre layer (β = −0.059). While retinal parameters provided modest discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.60), plasma biomarkers demonstrated superior diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.76). Notably, neurofilament light chain had a stronger association with retinal thinning than phosphorylated tau181 and offered superior diagnostic value for identifying moderate cognitive decline. These findings underscore the potential of plasma biomarkers, particularly neurofilament light chain, for the early detection of dementia.
Perioperative morbidity after primary hiatal hernia repair increases as hernia size increases
Authors: Latorre-Rodríguez Andrés R , Rajan Ajay , Mittal Sumeet K 
Published: December 2024

Summary

Background
Minimally invasive hiatal hernia (HH) repair is the gold standard for correcting mechanical defects of the crural diaphragm due to its safety and favorable clinical outcomes (i.e., relief of patient symptoms). However, several operative factors, including HH size, may negatively affect the postoperative course. We sought to determine if an increase in HH size was associated with an increased risk of perioperative complications, ICU admission, or hospital readmissions after minimally invasive HH repair.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of patients who underwent primary HH repair by an experienced foregut surgeon between September 2016 and July 2023. Four groups were defined based on the percentage of stomach at the thorax determined during surgery (small-HH: &lt;25%, moderate-HH: 25–49%, large-HH: 50–74%, and intrathoracic stomach [ITS]: ≥75%). Covariates were compared between the groups, and logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with postoperative morbidity.

Results
A total of 391 patients (73.7% female; mean age, 64.4 ± 12.5 years) comprised the groups: small-HH (n = 160), moderate-HH (n = 63), large-HH (n = 64), and ITS (n = 104). Patients with ITS were older (p &lt; 0.001), had longer operations (p &lt; 0.001), greater blood loss (p &lt; 0.001), longer hospital stays (p &lt; 0.001), and an increased risk of early postoperative complications (aOR 2.59 [CI95: 1.28–5.25], p = 0.009) and ICU admission (aOR 13.3 [CI95: 3.10–57.06], p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
An increase in HH size was associated with an increased risk of early postoperative complications, ICU admission, and a trend toward higher 30- and 90-day hospital readmissions, likely due to the progressive nature of the disease.
A stuck leaflet after balloon post-dilatation in transcatheter aortic valve implantation with a SAPIEN-3 ultra RESILIA valve: a case report
Authors: Yamazoe Shinji , Ogawa Yasuhiro , Kano Naoaki , Mamiya Keita , Kawaguchi Katsuhiro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a safe and effective therapy for patients with severe aortic stenosis. A Stuck leaflet and severe intraprosthetic regurgitation after valve implantation occur rarely but can lead to sudden haemodynamic deterioration. We encountered a case of a stuck leaflet following post-dilatation with the Edwards Sapien 3 Ultra RESILIA valve.

Case summary
A 72-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for severe aortic stenosis with shortness of breath. She underwent transfemoral TAVI. After deployment of a 23 mm Sapien 3 Ultra RESILIA valve, post-dilatation was performed due to the presence of paravalvular leak (PVL). Transoesophageal echocardiography revealed a stuck leaflet and severe intraprosthetic regurgitation. Aortography also demonstrated severe aortic regurgitation. We performed valve-in-valve procedure using the second 23 mm valve. Post-valve-in-valve transoesophageal echocardiography showed no PVL nor aortic regurgitation, and haemodynamics improved.

Discussion
A stuck leaflet is a rare complication following post-dilatation. Severe intraprosthetic regurgitation can lead to sudden haemodynamic changes and may, in some cases, necessitate the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. If haemodynamic changes occur, it is essential to promptly investigate the cause through multiple diagnostic modalities, including transoesophageal echocardiography and angiography.