bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Abelian–Nonabelian Correspondence for I-Functions
Authors: Webb Rachel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We prove the abelian–nonabelian correspondence for quasimap $I$-functions. That is, if $Z$ is an affine l.c.i. variety with an action by a complex reductive group $G$, we prove an explicit formula relating the quasimap $I$-functions of the geometric invariant theory quotients $Z\mathord{/\mkern -6mu/}_{\theta } G$ and $Z\mathord{/\mkern -6mu/}_{\theta } T$ where $T$ is a maximal torus of $G$. We apply the formula to compute the $J$-functions of some Grassmannian bundles on Grassmannian varieties and Calabi–Yau hypersurfaces in them.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Incidence, Prevalence and Determinants of Discomfort in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Nistor Oana-Irina , Godfrey Christina , Ross-White Amanda , Wilson Rosemary 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The symptom burden in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a significant negative impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Patients with IBD report physical, psychological and social discomfort even during remission.

Aim
To synthesize the best available evidence to determine the worldwide incidence, prevalence and determinants of discomfort in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods
Following PRISMA recommendations, we searched the Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Embase, Cochrane, Campbell and JBI Evidence Synthesis databases for studies on either incidence or prevalence of discomfort in English until January 2021. Data were extracted using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s standardized extraction tools. Data that directly reported or could be used to calculate the incidence and prevalence of discomfort were extracted. Ten studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Overall, the methodological quality of the included studies was considered moderate. Data measuring the incidence of discomfort in 6 out of 10 identified studies using the same measurement tool (EQ-5D) were pooled in a meta-analysis. Additional results have been presented in a narrative form, including tables.

Results
There is no standardized definition or tool utilized to describe or measure discomfort in IBD. Synthesized findings demonstrate that discomfort is prevalent among adults living with IBD. Determinants of discomfort included health literacy, disease activity, hospitalization/surgery, age and gender, delayed diagnosis, local practice standards and quality of IBD care.

Conclusions
More research is needed to identify the impact of discomfort on health-related outcomes for people with IBD and consequently appraise discomfort interventions for their efficacy.
Whole genome sequencing confirms Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis microsatellite sporadic and persistent clones causing outbreaks of candidemia in neonates
Authors: Guinea Jesús , Mezquita Sergio , Gómez Ana , Padilla Belén , Zamora Elena , Sánchez-Luna Manuel , Sánchez-Carrillo Carlos , Muñoz Patricia , Escribano Pilar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Whole genome sequencing has been extensively used to describe infection outbreaks, although with limited application on Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis.
We retrospectively studied all patients admitted to the neonatal care unit diagnosed with candidemia caused by C. albicans (n = 46) or C. parapsilosis (n = 31) between 2007 and 2010 (Period 1) and 2011 and 2014 (Period 2). All isolates were genotyped by microsatellite markers. A cluster was defined as a group of ≥ 2 patients infected by strains with identical genotypes. For the validation of microsatellite markers and outbreak investigation, phylogenetic analyses and whole genome pairwise strain comparisons were performed.
The number of episodes was significantly higher in Period 1 than in Period 2 (51 vs 32; P = 0.003); the reduction in the number of cases coincided with the educational campaign for catheter care implementation in 2011. Overall, eight genotypes were clusters involving 29 patients. All C. albicans (n = 5) and C. parapsilosis (n = 3) clusters were found during Period 1 before the educational campaign. No statistically significant differences were found between the percentage of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis clusters, but the percentage of patients associated to the clusters was significantly higher for C. parapsilosis clusters in comparison to C. albicans clusters (52% vs 28.2%; P = 0.03). Whole genome sequencing confirmed microsatellite-defined clusters with high bootstrap values.
Whole genome sequences confirmed microsatellite-defined clusters, corroborating the presence of outbreaks. Persistent or sporadic Candida clusters causing candidemia in neonates disappeared after the implementation of catheter care educational campaigns.

Lay Abstract
We retrospectively studied all patients admitted to the neonatal care unit diagnosed with candidemia caused by C. albicans or C. parapsilosis. Reliable whole genome sequences confirmed microsatellite-defined clusters, corroborating the presence of outbreaks before educational campaigns for catheter care.
Non-standard mechanism of recombination in the early Universe
Authors: Kereselidze Tamaz , Noselidze Irakli , Ogilvie John F 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
In our recent papers, a non-standard quasi-molecular mechanism was suggested and applied to treat the cosmological recombination. It was assumed that, in the pre-recombination stage of evolution of the Universe, an electron combined with two neighbouring protons and created a hydrogen molecular ion, $\mathrm{ H}_2^+$ in a highly excited state, which then descended into the lower lying state or dissociated. In this work, we implement a quantitative analysis of this quasi-molecular mechanism of recombination; namely, we elaborate the scheme of calculation for a free–bound radiative transition. We show that the quasi-molecular mechanism played a significant role in the pre-recombination and recombination stages of evolution of the early Universe, and hence must be included into the consideration of the description of a thermal history of the Universe. Together with the earlier developed treatment of bound–bound radiative transitions in $\mathrm{ H}_2^+$, the elaborated scheme of calculation can be used for the design of a rapid and complete cosmological recombination code.
Zodiacal exoplanets in time – XIII. Planet orbits and atmospheres in the V1298 Tau system, a keystone in studies of early planetary evolution
Authors: Gaidos E , Hirano T , Beichman C , Livingston J , Harakawa H , Hodapp K W , Ishizuka M , Jacobson S , Konishi M , Kotani T , Kudo T , Kurokawa T , Kuzuhara M , Nishikawa J , Omiya M , Serizawa T , Tamura M , Ueda A , Vievard S 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Studies of planetary systems of stars in star-forming regions and young clusters open a window on the formative stages of planetary evolution. We obtained high-cadence high-resolution infrared spectroscopy of the solar-mass Taurus association-member V1298 Tau during a transit of its 10R⊕-size ‘b’ planet. We measured the systemic radial velocity (RV) and find that the kinematics of V1298 Tau suggest an affiliation with a ≳6 Myr-old subgroup. A comparison of V1298 Tau and the nearby, co-moving star 2M0405 with stellar evolution models suggests an age of ∼10–25 Myr. We measured the projected spin-orbit angle of ‘b’ as $\lambda =15_{-16}^{+15}$ and $\lambda = 2_{-4}^{+12}$ degrees using the apparent RV shift and change in line profile, respectively, induced by the transient occultation of the rotating star by the planet. These values indicate a prograde orbit like that of the interior ‘c’ planet of V1298 Tau and point to a co-planar multiplanet system that formed within a disc. We also measured variation in the strength of the 1083 nm triplet of neutral orthohelium as a probe of any extended/escaping atmosphere around ‘b’. We detect a steady decrease in absorption over the transit that appears to arise from the star or its planetary system. While this variation could be ascribed to ‘b’ or possibly to the immediately preceding transit of ‘d’, we cannot rule out that this is due to rapid variation in the stellar disc-integrated flux in the triplet. The amplitude of variation (∼0.04 nm) is consistent with moderate estimates of atmospheric escape driven by XUV radiation from the central star.
5 yr of BRITE-Constellation photometry of the luminous blue variable P Cygni: properties of the stochastic low-frequency variability
Authors: Elliott Ashley , Richardson Noel D , Pablo Herbert , Moffat Anthony F J , Bowman Dominic M , Ibrahim Nour , Handler Gerald , Lovekin Catherine , Popowicz Adam , St-Louis Nicole , Wade Gregg A , Zwintz Konstanze 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Luminous Blue Variables (LBVs) are massive stars that are likely to be a transitionary phase between O stars and hydrogen-free classical Wolf–Rayet stars. The variability of these stars has been an area of study for both professional and amateur astronomers for more than a century. In this paper, we present 5 yr of precision photometry of the classical LBV P Cygni taken with the BRITE-Constellation nanosatellites. We have analyzed these data with Fourier analysis to search for periodicities that could elucidate the drivers of variability for these stars. These data show some long-time-scale variability over the course of all six calendar years of observations, but the frequencies needed to reproduce the individual light curves are not consistent from 1 yr to the next. These results likely show that there is no periodic phenomenon present for P Cygni, meaning that the variability is largely stochastic. We interpret the data as being caused by internal gravity waves similar to those seen in other massive stars, with P Cygni exhibiting a larger amplitude and lower characteristic frequency than the main-sequence or blue supergiant stars previously studied. These results show evidence that LBVs may be an extrapolation of the blue supergiants, which have previously been shown to be an extension of main-sequence stars in the context of the stochastic low-frequency photometric variability.
Automatic quantification and grading of hip bone marrow oedema in ankylosing spondylitis based on deep learning
Authors: Han Qing , Lu Yunfei , Han Jie , Luo AnLin , Huang LuGuang , Ding Jin , Zhang Kui , Zheng Zhaohui , Jia JunFeng , Liang Qiang , Gou Shuiping , Zhu Ping 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study has developed a new automatic algorithm for the quantificationy and grading of ankylosing spondylitis (AS)-hip arthritis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods
(1) This study designs a new segmentation network based on deep learning, and a classification network based on deep learning. (2) We train the segmentation model and classification model with the training data and validate the performance of the model. (3) The segmentation results of inflammation in MRI images were obtained and the hip joint was quantified using the segmentation results.

Results
A retrospective analysis was performed on 141 cases; 101 patients were included in the derived cohort and 40 in the validation cohort. In the derivation group, median percentage of bone marrow oedema (BME) for each grade was as follows: 36% for grade 1 (&lt;15%), 42% for grade 2 (15–30%),and 22% for grade 3 (≥30%). The accuracy of 44 cases on 835 AS images was 85.7%. Our model made 31 correct decisions out of 40 AS test cases. This study showed that THE accuracy rate 85.7%.

Conclusions
An automatic computer-based analysis of MRI has the potential of being a useful method for the diagnosis and grading of AS hip BME.
Groups and Social Boundaries
Authors: Fuhse Jan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Social groups were a key concept in early sociology (German formal sociology, symbolic interactionism). Since the 1960s, they have been replaced by “social network” as the prime concept for informal social structures. We rarely find the bounded and internally homogeneous social units suggested by the group concept in the real world. Instead, individuals are embedded in a complex mesh of social relationships. Building on relational sociology, we can reconceptualize groups as a particular case of densely connected network patterns of social relationships. These exist only by degree, to the extent that they are reinforced by a social boundary separating the group members symbolically from the outside world and by foci of activity for the group to meet. Densely connected groups develop a particular group culture, and they frequently use symbols to signal group membership and the cultural difference to other groups and to the wider cultural context (group style).
Exploring the Relationships Among Social Support, Patient Activation, and Pain-Related Outcomes
Authors: Matthias Marianne S , Hirsh Adam T , Ofner Susan , Daggy Joanne 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
Social support has been linked to more effective pain adaptation. The relationship between social support and other relevant constructs is less well understood. Chief among these is patient activation, which has robust links to effective self-management, yet has not been well studied in chronic pain. We sought to better understand these relationships in an effort to inform future intervention strategies for patients with chronic pain.

Methods
Using baseline data from a clinical trial with patients with chronic pain (N = 213), we analyzed the relationships among perceived social support and patient activation, depression, anxiety, general health perceptions, pain centrality, pain catastrophizing, and pain intensity and interference. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the effect of social support on outcomes. Patient activation was explored as a mediator of the effect of social support on outcomes.

Results
Social support was significantly associated with all outcomes except pain. Social support explained the greatest variance in patient activation (squared semi-partial correlation = 0.081), followed by depression (0.073) and general health perceptions (0.072). Patient activation was not found to be a significant mediator of the effect of social support on pain-related outcomes.

Conclusions
These findings provide insight into the roles of patient activation and social support in chronic pain management. Although patient activation did not mediate the relationship between social support and outcomes, this study is an important step toward gaining a more complete understanding of constructs thought to be related to pain self-management and points to the need to advance theory in this area to guide future research. Such work is needed to optimize interventions for patients with chronic pain.
Hypnosis for Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Scoping Review
Authors: McKittrick Melissa L , Connors Erin L , McKernan Lindsey C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
Neuropathic pain is complex and often refractory. Clinical hypnosis has emerged as a viable treatment for pain. This scoping review is the first comprehensive review of hypnosis for chronic neuropathic pain. It critically assesses available evidence noting practice implications, literature gaps, and future research opportunities.

Subjects
Individuals with chronic neuropathic pain treated with hypnosis.

Methods
Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycInfo for studies for which the intervention and primary outcome(s) were associated with hypnosis and neuropathic pain, respectively. Included studies were empirical, in English, and published from January 1996 to August 2021.

Results
Nine articles with 301 total participants were reviewed. Neuropathic pain included, for example, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), brachial neuralgia, and spinal cord injury. Hypnosis dose varied with administration and format. Six studies used comparators. Every trial demonstrated pain and quality-of-life benefits, with several controlled trials indicating hypnosis as superior to active comparator or standard of care. CRPS-specific studies showed notable improvements but had significant study limitations. Methodological weaknesses involved trial design, endpoints, and recruitment strategies.

Conclusions
The evidence is weak because of poor study design, yet encouraging both for analgesia and functional restoration in hard-to-treat chronic neuropathic pain conditions. We highlight and discuss key knowledge gaps and identify particular diagnoses with promising outcomes after hypnosis treatment. This review illustrates the need for further empirical controlled research regarding hypnosis for chronic neuropathic pain and provides suggestions for future studies.
Policing a Pandemic in New York City: How Do Community Features Matter in the Location of Social Distancing Violations?
Authors: Gibbons Joseph , Chanin Joshua , Yang Tse-Chuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study assesses the contextual role that race/ethnicity play in predicting the enforcement of COVID-19 precautions during the early stages of the pandemic. We draw upon 311 police service calls pertaining to social distancing violations in New York City to investigate whether Black and Hispanic communities are less likely to call in social distancing violations as well as whether racial/ethnic composition influences law enforcement response. We conduct negative binomial models estimating spatial effects and controlling for the number of COVID-19 cases, police behavior (arrests, stop and frisks, community complaints), community social networks, and other demographic characteristics. We find the racial/ethnic disparities in law enforcement response and intervention in social distancing violations exist independently of local COVID-19 rates. There are fewer calls for social distancing violations in Black communities, but the likelihood of law enforcement intervening in COVID-19 violations, including arrests, is stronger in Black and Hispanic communities than in White communities.
Ozone Responsive Gene Expression as a Model for Describing Repeat Exposure Response Trajectories and Interindividual Toxicodynamic Variability In Vitro
Authors: Bowers Emma C , Martin Elizabeth M , Jarabek Annie M , Morgan David S , Smith Hannah J , Dailey Lisa A , Aungst Emily R , Diaz-Sanchez David , McCullough Shaun D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Inhaled chemical/material exposures are a ubiquitous part of daily life around the world. There is a need to evaluate potential adverse effects of both single and repeat exposures for thousands of chemicals and an exponentially larger number of exposure scenarios (eg, repeated exposures). Meeting this challenge will require the development and use of in vitro new approach methodologies (NAMs); however, 2 major challenges face the deployment of NAMs in risk assessment are (1) characterizing what apical outcome(s) acute assays inform regarding the trajectory to long-term events, especially under repeated exposure conditions, and (2) capturing interindividual variability as it informs considerations of potentially susceptible and/or vulnerable populations. To address these questions, we used a primary human bronchial epithelial cell air-liquid interface model exposed to ozone (O3), a model oxidant and ubiquitous environmental chemical. Here we report that O3-induced proinflammatory gene induction is attenuated in repeated exposures thus demonstrating that single acute exposure outcomes do not reliably represent the trajectory of responses after repeated or chronic exposures. Further, we observed 10.1-, 10.3-, 14.2-, and 7-fold ranges of induction of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, heme oxygenase 1, and cyclooxygenase 2 transcripts, respectively, within in our population of 25 unique donors. Calculation of sample size estimates that indicated that 27, 24, 299, and 13 donors would be required to significantly power similar in vitro studies to identify a 2-fold change in IL-8, IL-6, HMOX1, and cyclooxygenase 2 transcript induction, respectively, to inform considerations of the uncertainty factors to reflect variability within the human population for in vitro studies.
Delineating the Effects of Passaging and Exposure in a Longitudinal Study of Arsenic-Induced Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a HaCaT Cell Line Model
Authors: Banerjee Mayukh , Al-Eryani Laila , Srivastava Sudhir , Rai Shesh N , Pan Jianmin , Kalbfleisch Theodore S , States J Christopher 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a major deleterious health effect of chronic arsenic (iAs) exposure. The molecular mechanism of arsenic-induced cSCC remains poorly understood. We recently demonstrated that chronic iAs exposure leads to temporally regulated genome-wide changes in profiles of differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs at each stage of carcinogenesis (7, 19, and 28 weeks) employing a well-established passage-matched HaCaT cell line model of arsenic-induced cSCC. Here, we performed longitudinal differential expression analysis (miRNA and mRNA) between the different time points (7 vs 19 weeks and 19 vs 28 weeks) within unexposed and exposed groups, coupled to expression pairing and pathway analyses to differentiate the relative effects of long-term passaging and chronic iAs exposure. Data showed that 66–105 miRNA [p &lt; .05; log2(fold change) &gt; I1I] and 2826–4079 mRNA [p &lt; .001; log2(fold change) &gt; I1I] molecules were differentially expressed depending on the longitudinal comparison. Several mRNA molecules differentially expressed as a function of time, independent of iAs exposure were being targeted by miRNA molecules which were also differentially expressed in a time-dependent manner. Distinct pathways were predicted to be modulated as a function of time or iAs exposure. Some pathways were also modulated both by time and exposure. Thus, the HaCaT model can distinguish between the effects of passaging and chronic iAs exposure individually and corroborate our previously published data on effects of iAs exposure compared with unexposed passage matched HaCaT cells. In addition, this work provides a template for cell line-based longitudinal chronic exposure studies to follow for optimal efficacy.
Dental polymorphisms inCrocidura(Soricomorpha: Soricidae) and evolutionary diversification of crocidurine shrew dentition
Authors: Voyta Leonid L , Abramov Alexei V , Lavrenchenko Leonid A , Nicolas Violaine , Petrova Ekaterina A , Kryuchkova Lyudmila Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe upper dentition of Crocidura exhibits polymorphic characters that were revealed for the first time in this study via high-resolution X-ray computed microtomography. Our analyses of 11 Crocidura species and selected Diplomesodon, Suncus and Sylvisorex species from different geographical regions and size groups revealed the most complex character states of upper dentition in the Ethiopian endemic species Crocidura yaldeni. A three-dimensionally based geometric morphometric analysis revealed the dependence of variation in skull muzzle shape on alterations in general upper dentition, such as a reduction in the number of antemolars. Principal components analysis revealed highly significant shape alterations and morphological trajectories in C. yaldeni (and more moderate ones in Suncus murinus) toward the Sorex-like morphotype in the outgroup, and less significant shape alterations in Crocidura obscurior, Crocidura phanluongi and Crocidura sapaensis with double-rooted third antemolar. Cladistic analysis based on a new data matrix for 20 species and 46 characters allowed us to determine the directions of the morphological trajectories: the apomorphic state of the most complex antemolars of C. yaldeni is associated with deviating skull muzzle shape changes, which we determined to be attributable to neomorphosis, and the less significant alterations in the shape of other Crocidura with complex antemolars are attributable to regional adaptation.