bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring correlates of depression, quality of life and alcohol misuse: a nationwide cross-sectional study of international migrants during the COVID-19 epidemic in China
Authors: Hall Brian J , Zhao Peizhen , Xiong Ming Zhou , Latkin Carl , Yang Bin , Wang Cheng 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed health systems globally. With the increase of global migration, quantifying the health needs and key correlates of these outcomes is a global health priority. This study assessed migration characteristics, COVID-19 attitudes and the postmigration social environment as key correlates of depression, quality of life and alcohol misuse among international migrants in China.DesignA nationwide cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 17 February and 1 March 2020.SettingLinks to the online survey were disseminated by migrant-focused community-based organisations through WeChat.ParticipantsEnglish speaking international migrants who met the inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were being born in a country outside of China, aged 18 years or over, cumulatively living in China for 1 month or more and staying in China between December 2019 and February 2020.Outcome measuresDepression, quality of life and alcohol misuse.ResultsRegression models indicated that planning or considering leaving China due to COVID-19, lacking the confidence to protect themselves and not being confident that the epidemic would end soon was associated with greater depression, lower quality of life and greater levels of alcohol misuse. Worry about contracting COVID-19 and feeling helpless to prevent infection were associated with greater depression and lower quality of life. General perceived social support, and trust in Chinese people, institutions and systems were protective factors for depression and associated with higher reported quality of life.ConclusionsThis study identifies key correlates that, if adequately addressed through public health outreach, may safeguard migrant well-being during a public health emergency. Trust in people and systems within the postmigration environment is an important consideration for future public health planning efforts.
Effect of bromhexine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Tolouian Ramin , Mulla Zuber D , Jamaati Hamidreza , Babamahmoodi Abdolreza , Marjani Majid , Eskandari Raha , Dastan Farzaneh 
Published: March 2021

Background: Bromhexine is a potent inhibitor of transmembrane serine protease 2 and appears to have an antiviral effect in controlling influenza and parainfluenza infection; however, its efficacy in COVID-19 is controversial. Methods: A group of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia were randomized using 1:1 allocation to either standard treatment lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon beta-1a or bromhexine 8 mg four times a day in addition to standard therapy. The primary outcome was clinical improvement within 28 days, and the secondary outcome measures were time to hospital discharge, all-cause mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, the temporal trend in 2019-nCoV reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction positivity and the frequency of adverse drug events within 28 days from the start of medication. Results: A total of 111 patients were enrolled in this randomized clinical trial and data from 100 patients (48 patients in the treatment arm and 52 patients in the control arm) were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome of this study, which was clinical improvement. There was no significant difference in the average time to hospital discharge between the two arms. There were also no differences observed in the mean intensive care unit stay, frequency of intermittent mandatory ventilation, duration of supplemental oxygenation or risk of death by day 28 noted between the two arms. Conclusion: Bromhexine is not an effective treatment for hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The potential prevention benefits of bromhexine in asymptomatic postexposure or with mild infection managed in the community remain to be determined.
Anti-GD2 antibody dinutuximab inhibits triple-negative breast tumor growth by targeting GD2+ breast cancer stem-like cells
Authors: Ly Stanley , Anand Vivek , El-Dana Fouad , Nguyen Khoa , Cai Yiming , Cai Shirong , Piwnica-Worms Helen , Tripathy Debasish , Sahin Aysegul A , Andreeff Michael , Battula Venkata Lokesh 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype with no effective standard therapy. Breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs) in primary TNBCs are reported to be responsible for metastatic spread of the disease and resistance to chemotherapy, but no available therapeutic tools target BCSCs. We previously reported that the ganglioside GD2 is highly expressed on BCSCs and that inhibition of its expression hampers TNBC growth. We therefore hypothesized that the anti-GD2 antibody dinutuximab (ch14.18) targets GD2+ BCSCs and inhibits TNBC growth.MethodTo test our hypothesis, we first determined GD2 expression via immunohistochemistry in frozen primary tumor samples from patients with TNBC (n=89). Then, we examined the effects of dinutuximab on TNBC cell adhesion, migration, and mammosphere formation in vitro and on tumor growth in vivo using TNBC cell-line and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models.ResultsWe found that GD2 was expressed in around 60% of primary TNBC tumors at variable levels and was associated with worse overall survival of patients with TNBC (p=0.002). GD2 was found to be expressed in tumors and stroma, but normal ducts and lobules in adjacent tissues have shown low or no GD2 staining, indicating that GD2 is potentially a novel biomarker for tumor and its microenvironment. Treatment with dinutuximab significantly decreased adhesion and migration of MDA-MB-231 and SUM159 TNBC cells. Moreover, dinutuximab treatment inhibited mTOR signaling, which has been shown to be regulated by GD2 in BCSCs. Dinutuximab also reduced tumor growth in nude mice bearing TNBC cell-line xenografts. Finally, dinutuximab in combination with activated natural killer cells inhibited tumor growth in a TNBC PDX model and improved overall survival of tumor-bearing mice.ConclusionsDinutuximab successfully eliminated GD2+ cells and reduced tumor growth in both in vivo models. Our data provide proof-of-concept for the criticality of GD2 in BCSCs and demonstrate the potential of dinutuximab as a novel therapeutic approach for TNBC.
Association between clot composition and stroke origin in mechanical thrombectomy patients: analysis of the Stroke Thromboembolism Registry of Imaging and Pathology
Authors: Brinjikji Waleed , Nogueira Raul G , Kvamme Peter , Layton Kennith F , Delgado Almandoz Josser E , Hanel Ricardo A , Mendes Pereira Vitor , Almekhlafi Mohammed A , Yoo Albert J , Jahromi Babak S , Gounis Matthew J , Patel Biraj , Abbasi Mehdi , Fitzgerald Seán , Mereuta Oana Madalina , Dai Daying , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Doyle Karen , Savastano Luis , Cloft Harry J , Haussen Diogo C , Al-Bayati Alhamza R , Mohammaden Mahmoud H , Pisani Leonardo , Rodrigues Gabriel Martins , Thacker Ike C , Kayan Yasha , Copelan Alexander , Aghaebrahim Amin , Sauvageau Eric , Demchuk Andrew M , Bhuva Parita , Soomro Jazba , Nazari Pouya , Cantrell Donald Robert , Puri Ajit S , Entwistle John , Polley Eric C , Kallmes David F 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundWe retrospectively evaluated the composition of retrieved clots from ischemic stroke patients to study the association between histological composition and stroke etiologyMethodsConsecutive patients enrolled in the Stroke Thromboembolism Registry of Imaging and Pathology (STRIP) were included in this study. All patients underwent mechanical thrombectomy and retrieved clots were sent to a central core lab for processing. Histological analysis was performed using martius scarlet blue (MSB) staining, and quantification for red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), fibrin and platelets was performed using Orbit Image Software. A Wilcoxon test was used for continuous variables and χ2test for categorical variables.Results1350 patients were included in this study. The overall rate of Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2c/3 was 68%. 501 patients received tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) (37%). 267 patients (20%) had a large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) source, 662 (49%) a cardioembolic (CE) source, 301 (22%) were cryptogenic, and the remainder had other identifiable sources including hypercoagulable state or dissection. LAA thrombi had a higher mean RBC density (46±23% vs 42±22%, p=0.01) and a lower platelet density (24±18% vs 27±18%, p=0.03) than CE thrombi. Clots from dissection patients had the highest mean RBC density (50±24%) while clots from patients with a hypercoagulable state had the lowest mean RBC density (26±21%).ConclusionsOur study found statistically significant but clinically insignificant differences between clots of CE and LAA etiologies. Future studies should emphasize molecular, proteomic and immunohistochemical characteristics to determine links between clot composition and etiology.
Endovascular reperfusion outcomes in patients with a stroke and low ASPECTS is highly dependent on baseline infarct volumes
Authors: Bouslama Mehdi , Barreira Clara M , Haussen Diogo C , Rodrigues Gabriel Martins , Pisani Leonardo , Frankel Michael R , Nogueira Raul G 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundPatients with large vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS) and a low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) are often not offered endovascular therapy (ET) as they are thought to have a poor prognosis.ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of patients with low and high ASPECTS undergoing ET based on baseline infarct volumes.MethodsReview of a prospectively collected endovascular database at a tertiary care center between September 2010 and March 2020. All patients with anterior circulation LVOS and interpretable baseline CT perfusion (CTP) were included. Subjects were divided into groups with low ASPECTS (0–5) and high ASPECTS (6-10) and subsequently into limited and large CTP-core volumes (cerebral blood flow 30% >70 cc). The primary outcome measure was the difference in rates of 90-day good outcome as defined by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 to 2 across groups.Results1248 patients fit the inclusion criteria. 125 patients had low ASPECTS, of whom 16 (12.8%) had a large core (LC), whereas 1123 patients presented with high ASPECTS, including 29 (2.6%) patients with a LC. In the category with a low ASPECTS, there was a trend towards lower rates of functional independence (90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-2) in the LC group (18.8% vs 38.9%, p=0.12), which became significant after adjusting for potential confounders in multivariable analysis (aOR=0.12, 95% CI 0.016 to 0.912, p=0.04). Likewise, LC was associated with significantly lower rates of functional independence (31% vs 51.9%, p=0.03; aOR=0.293, 95% CI 0.095 to 0.909, p=0.04) among patients with high ASPECTS.ConclusionsOutcomes may vary significantly in the same ASPECTS category depending on infarct volume. Patients with ASPECTS ≤5 but baseline infarct volumes ≤70 cc may achieve independence in nearly 40% of the cases and thus should not be excluded from treatment.
Primordial monopolium as dark matter
Authors: Vento Vicente 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe existence of monopoles is a characteristic signature of Kaluza–Klein multidimensional theories. The topology of these solutions is extremely interesting. The existence of a dipole solution, which we have associated to a monopole–anti-monopole bound state, is the leitmotiv of this investigation. The dipole in its lowest energy state, which we here call also monopolium, is electromagnetically inert in free space interacting only gravitationally. Monopolium when interacting with time dependent magnetic fields acquires a time dependent induced magnetic moment and radiates. We have analyzed the most favorable astrophysical scenario for radiative monopolium and found that the amount of radiation is so small that is not detectable by conventional equipments. These findings suggest that Kaluza–Klein monopolium, if existent, would be a candidate for a primordial dark matter constituent.
The anomalous 21-cm absorption at high redshifts
Authors: Melia Fulvio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe EDGES collaboration has reported the detection of a global 21-cm signal with a plateau centered at 76 MHz (i.e., redshift 17.2), with an amplitude of $$500^{+200}_{-500}$$

500

-
500

+
200

mK. This anomalous measurement does not comport with standard cosmology, which can only accommodate an amplitude $$\lesssim 230$$

≲
230

mK. Nevertheless, the line profile’s redshift range ($$15\lesssim z\lesssim 20$$

15
≲
z
≲
20

) suggests a possible link to Pop III star formation and an implied evolution out of the ‘dark ages.’ Given this tension with the standard model, we here examine whether the observed 21-cm signal is instead consistent with the results of recent modeling based on the alternative Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmology known as the $$R_{\mathrm{h}}=ct$$

R
h

=
c
t

universe, showing that – in this model – the CMB radiation might have been rethermalized by dust ejected into the IGM by the first-generation stars at redshift $$z\sim 16$$

z
∼
16

. We find that the requirements for this process to have occurred would have self-consistently established an equilibrium spin temperature $$T_{\mathrm{s}}\approx 3.4$$

T
s

≈
3.4

K in the neutral hydrogen, via the irradiation of the IGM by deep penetrating X-rays emitted at the termination shocks of Pop III supernova remnants. Such a dust scenario has been strongly ruled out for the standard model, so the spin temperature ($$\sim 3.3$$

∼
3.3

K) inferred from the 21-cm absorption feature appears to be much more consistent with the $$R_{\mathrm{h}}=ct$$

R
h

=
c
t

profile than that implied by $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM, for which adiabatic cooling would have established a spin temperature $$T_\mathrm{s}(z=17.2)\sim 6$$

T
s

(
z
=
17.2
)

∼
6

K.
Optimizing OCTG Thread Manufacturing Operation Using Automation
Authors: Nair Prashant Unnikrishnan 
Published: March 2021

The paper discusses a unique technique developed initially at Nation Institute of Technology, Surat that is remodeled in real-world applications. The concept consists primarily of a user-friendly software facilitating direct communication with any intelligent or learning system/robot operating under known parameters of motor specifications. Any software base permitting high level PC interface without ASCII interrupt can be used for easy programming. This allows for a learning operation mode where a prevention of time lag is enabled by stored machine data, captured through movements such movements can be physically made or taught via programs to the device and such learning aspects make the machine more efficient where the robot can either perform individual actions as needed or learn new methods for the same results and can perform a series of actions continuously. Using the stored data, the machine is also capable of autonomous movements based on the path of least resistance as calculated by the time it takes to perform an act. Interfacing Technique Tool Machining Robot (ITTMR) was developed as robotic tool holder that can determine the shape and size of different OCTG pipes utilized in the downhole industry and enable it to machine appropriate threads on the pipe with no manual intervention. The process thereby completely negates any possibility of human error which can otherwise cause heavy loss on finished equipment that are rendered unusable because of threading errors on almost nearly finished complex milled parts or assemblies that are pending threads as the final operation. The purpose of the software codes is to provide a user-friendly GUI that can communicate with any machine by pulling in appropriate ACNC programs and performing the required tasks associated with the operating system and specifications of the motors/mobilization equipment’s used. For the purpose of this paper, the software code is not provided. Any firmware base that permits the usage of an ASCII interrupt can be used and for the purpose of this operation, an RS323 equivalent board will also suffice for basic operations, however a complex ITTMR system has been utilized. This paper solely addresses the technique of how the threading operation is performed and does not address the process of how the pipe is bought to the machine or other associated aspects of the software to retain any possible patent applications on the same.
Korotaikha Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, Northwestern Russia
Authors: Sobornov Konstantin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Korotaikha Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element constitutes the northeastern part of the Timan–Pechora petroleum province. It has evolved through rifting, continental margin development, and a two-stage collisional phase related to the Uralian Orogeny in the Late Artinskian–Late Permian and the Pay-Khoy Orogeny in the Late Triassic. In the course of the later phase, the sedimentary cover was delaminated along the Upper Ordovician evaporites, which produced general uplift. The complex tectonostratigraphic history resulted in the deposition of an up to 15 km-thick sedimentary section that has all the essential ingredients for a prolific petroleum system, including the world-class Domanik source rock and a wide variety of structural and stratigraphic traps. Nevertheless, up to now, no commercial discoveries have yet been made. A review of the geological setting and petroleum habitat suggests that the petroleum systems development was more complex than was assumed previously. The amount of uplift and erosion related to the updip displacement on the salt detachment was underestimated. Reinterpretation of the available data shows the presence of large untested exploration opportunities including duplex thrust sheets and subsalt structures related to squeezed diapirs.
Regulating Polθ in Breast Cancer
Authors: Carvajal-Maldonado Denisse , Wood Richard D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
DNA polymerase θ, a protein encoded by the POLQ gene, is the defining factor for the DNA double-strand break repair pathway known as theta-mediated end-joining (TMEJ). Some cancers depend on TMEJ for survival and tumor growth. TMEJ might be useful as a biomarker to guide patient treatment and is now an active target for drug development, making it critical to understand how it is regulated in cells. In a recent article, Prodhomme and colleagues provide the first identification of a transcription regulator of POLQ expression and TMEJ activity: the transcription factor, ZEB1.
See related article by Prodhomme et al., p. 1595
Conophylline Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting Activated Cancer-associated Fibroblasts Through Suppression of G Protein–coupled Receptor 68
Authors: Yamanaka Takahiro , Harimoto Norifumi , Yokobori Takehiko , Muranushi Ryo , Hoshino Kouki , Hagiwara Kei , Gantumur Dolgormaa , Handa Tadashi , Ishii Norihiro , Tsukagoshi Mariko , Igarashi Takamichi , Watanabe Akira , Kubo Norio , Araki Kenichiro , Umezawa Kazuo , Shirabe Ken 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently challenging. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote the malignancy of HCC cells via production of cytokines. Conophylline (CnP), a vinca alkaloid obtained from Ervatamia microphylla leaves, has been reported to suppress activation of hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis in rats. We examined the efficacy of CnP in suppressing tumor growth in HCC. Specifically, we investigated whether CnP could inhibit CAFs, which were derived from HCC tissues in vitro and in vivo. Same as previous reports, CAFs promoted proliferative and invasive ability of HCC cells. CnP suppressed α-smooth muscle actin expression of CAFs, and inhibited their cancer-promoting effects. CnP significantly suppressed CAFs producting cytokines such as IL6, IL8, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, angiogenin, and osteopontin (OPN). Combined therapy with sorafenib and CnP against HCC cells and CAFs in vivo showed to inhibit tumor growth the most compared with controls and single treatment with CnP or sorafenib. Transcriptome analysis revealed that GPR68 in CAFs was strongly suppressed by CnP. The cancer-promoting effects of cytokines were eliminated by knockdown of GPR68 in CAFs. CnP inhibited the HCC-promoting effects of CAFs by suppressing several HCC-promoting cytokines secreted by CAFs expressing GPR68. Combination therapy with CnP and existing anticancer agents may be a promising strategy for treating refractory HCC associated with activated CAFs.
Activity of Combined Androgen Receptor Antagonism and Cell Cycle Inhibition in Androgen Receptor Positive Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Christenson Jessica L. , O'Neill Kathleen I. , Williams Michelle M. , Spoelstra Nicole S. , Jones Kenneth L. , Trahan G. Devon , Reese Jordan , Van Patten Elaina T. , Elias Anthony , Eisner Joel R. , Richer Jennifer K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype, with a peak recurrence rate within the first few years after diagnosis. Few targeted therapies are available to treat this breast cancer subtype, defined by the lack of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor and without amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Although cell cycle cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors are approved for treatment of ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer, they have not proven effective as monotherapy in patients with TNBC. The androgen receptor (AR) has emerged as a therapeutic target in a subset of TNBCs and with significant clinical benefit observed in multiple trials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preclinical activity of the CDK4/6 inhibitor, abemaciclib, in combination with an agent that targets both androgen biosynthesis and AR activity, seviteronel, using TNBC cell lines expressing high AR, cell line xenografts, and an AR-positive (AR+), androgen-responsive TNBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX). Single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated heterogeneity in AR levels, even in a highly AR+ cell line, and identified cell cycle pathway activation in ARHigh- versus ARLow-expressing cells. Combination treatment with the cell cycle CDK4/6 inhibitor, abemaciclib, and seviteronel showed synergy in an AR+ TNBC model compared with each drug alone. Although cell cycle inhibitors are FDA approved for use in ER+ breast cancer, our studies suggest that they may also be effective in AR+ TNBC, perhaps combined with AR-targeted agents.