bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of abiotic factors on the stability and infectivity of polyvalent coliphage
Authors: Li Lingli , Yu Ming , Yang Chao , Deng Chunping , Ma Lili , Liu Yucheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bacteriophage has attracted growing interest as a promising therapeutic agent for pathogenic bacteria, especially for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, the various abiotic conditions could impact the stability of phages and further threat host–virus interactions. Here, we investigated the stability and lytic activity of virulent polyvalent coliphage (named PE1) by double-layer plaque assay. PE1 can efficiently infect both the drug-sensitive Escherichia coli K12 and multidrug-resistant E. coli NDM-1 even after prolonged storage at 4 °C for up to two months. Results showed that PE1 exhibits an outstanding stability to infect E. coli strains under a wide range of thermal (4 °C–60 °C) and pH (4–11) conditions, which covers the thermal and pH variations of most wastewater treatment plants. Moreover, PE1 exhibited high resistibility to heavy metals exposure including Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+, and Cr3+ at the concentrations below 0.5 mM, and an excellent resistant ability to the variation of ionic strength, which still retained strong infectious ability even treated with saturated sodium chloride solution (350 g/L). This work shows that polyvalent phage PE1 has a strong adaptive capacity to various abiotic factors and should be a good candidate of being an antibacterial agent, especially for antibiotic-resistant bacteria control in sewage.
A Qualitative Study Regarding COVID-19 Inpatient Family Caregivers’ Need for Supportive Care
Authors: Picardi Angelo , Miniotti Marco , Leombruni Paolo , Gigantesco Antonella 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Family caregivers of COVID-19 inpatients are exposed to multiple sources of distress. These include not only losing friends, colleagues and members of the family, but also the fear of possible losses in sociality, finances and, impoverished communication with sick family members and health care providers.

Objective:
This study describes the psychological experience of COVID-19 inpatient family caregivers to highlight the main sources of distress, issues, concerns and unmet needs.

Methods:
Two focus groups were independently organized with COVID-19 inpatient family caregivers and health care personnel of COVID-19 wards in order to highlight family caregivers’ practical and psychological burden and related needs. A thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the data.

Results:
Family caregivers mentioned they needed more information about the patient’s condition with more attention being paid to their own emotional state. Feelings of impotence, concerns about how to deal with patient’s discharge, significant psychological distress, and anxiety were frequently reported by study participants.

Conclusion:
Study findings suggest the need to strengthen the assistance of COVID-19 patient family caregivers. In the pandemic scenario, family caregivers might represent a crucial resource, which can guarantee rapid discharges, support home health care and thus relieve pressure on hospital systems.
The Prevalence of Addiction to Social Network Among Students in Iran and its Factors Related: A Study Conducted in 2020
Authors: Rahiminia Hoorieh , Soori Hamid , Jafari Mahdi , Khodakarim Soheila 
Published: November 2021

Background:In the present era, the prevalence of addiction to social networks has shown that many users, including students, are detaching from the real world. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of addiction to the social networks among students in Iran and its related factors.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020 on 1000 students in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The data collection tool was a standardized questionnaire about addiction to the social networks distributed online among students. Statistical data were analyzed using Stata software version 14.Results:Generally, 462 students (44%) had addiction to social networks, of which 449 (90.04%) had slight addiction and 13 (9.96%) had severe addiction. The results showed that age (p = 0.001), type of disciplines in the treatment-related subgroup (p = 0.03) and using nerve medicine (p = 0.0001) had significant relationships with addiction to social networks.Conclusion:Considering that a high number of students in the present study are at high risk of addiction, it is suggested that educational programs should be implemented to improve the knowledge of parents and students for optimal use of social networks and raise awareness of the harmful consequences of addiction.
Sealant Utilization and its Influence on Caries Reduction in First Permanent Molars in Saudi Female School Children
Authors: Albaeejan Fatimah , Bakhashwain Doaa , Alsubaie Alanoud , Tageldin Azza , Nazir Muhammad , Alhareky Muhanad , AlHumaid Jehan 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
This study aimed to assess the utilization of fissure sealants and their influence on caries reduction in first permanent molars (FPMs) among 6-9 years old female schoolchildren in Dammam, Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
First to fourth grade female children from public schools in Dammam participated in this cross-sectional study. Dental caries and fissure sealants in FPMs were examined clinically using the World Health Organization guidelines. In addition, the parents of the participants responded to a self-reported questionnaire.

Results:
The study analyzed the data of 449 children. Almost 44.3% of the participants had at least one FPM affected with caries. There were 8.7% of the participants who had fissure sealants in at least one FPM, and out of these, only 2.2% had four FPMs filled with sealants. A significantly greater proportion of participants with sealed FPMs had no caries than the lower proportion of participants without sealants who had caries (P=<0.05). The use of sealants increased significantly from first grade (10.3%) to second grade (30.8%), third grade (38.5%), and fourth grade (20.5%) (P=0.006). High monthly family income (P= 0.047) and having insurance (P=0.017) were significantly associated with increased sealant application. Nearly 21.9% of participants’ parents were aware of caries protective effects of dental sealants.

Conclusion:
The application of sealants was significantly associated with reduced caries in FPMs. Class year, monthly family income, and insurance were significantly associated with having sealants. Caries prevention programs for children should incorporate sealant application.
Assessment of Degree of Conversion and Knoop Microhardness of Different Resin Cementing Agents
Authors: Maia Thiago Pantoja , Henrique Vilhena da Silva Marcelo , Vieira Takeuchi Elma , Bemerguy Alves Eliane , Martins Silva Cecy 
Published: November 2021

Background:
There are still controversies in the literature as to which is the best resinous cementing agent. Due to this fact and the immense availability of types and brands of cementing agents, further studies are needed to evaluate the properties of these important dental materials.

Objective:
To assess the degree of monomer conversion (DC) and Knoop microhardness (KHN) of four resin cements: two conventional dual-cured resin cements (EnForce and RelyXARC); one self-etching cement (RelyXU100); and one chemically-activated cement (Cement-Post).

Methods:
20 Pieces were made to assess KHN, and 20 to assess DC (n = 5). The DC was analyzed using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, and KHN of the base and the top of the pieces were assessed using the Future-Tech microhardness tester. The data of KHN were statistically analyzed by two-factor ANOVA, and data related to DC were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. The analysis of the correlation between KHN and DC of the cementing agents was performed by linear regression.

Results:
Dual-cured cements exhibited lower average KHN values at the base than at the top of the pieces (p <0.05). The self-etching cement had a significantly higher average KHN value than the other assessed cements (p <0.05). The DC of the dual-cured cement did not differ (p >0.05). The chemically-activated cement exhibited the lowest averages of KHN and DC values (p <0.05). Linear regression analysis indicated a strong correlation between DC and KNH (p = 0.043; R2 = 0.96); however, a specific hardness value could not be correlated to a specific DC value.

Conclusion:
Preferably, dual-cured resin cements (conventional or self-etching) should be used. Chemically-activated resin cements should be avoided due to their lower averages of DC and KHN values.
Advanced Nanoparticular Approaches to Combat Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Shah Rahul , Bhattacharya Sankha 
Published: November 2021

:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disease that affects many of the world's rapidly
ageing population. In the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the involvement of amyloid β
(Aβ) plaque accumulation and oxidative stress in the brain have important roles. Various drugs
have been proposed to prevent and treat AD, but delivering these therapeutic agents to the brain is
difficult. Over the last decade, nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery represents one promising strategy
to increase the CNS penetration of several therapeutic moieties successfully. Different nanocarriers
are being investigated to treat and diagnose AD. NTDDS (nanotechnology-based drug delivery
systems) can be used in various methods to improve patient compliance and treatment outcomes.
However, literature analysis revealed that clinical activities, such as NTDDS application in
Alzheimer's disease research lag behind despite extensive research. This review gives an account
of the BBB and discusses the literature on some drugs, which are successfully encapsulated as
nanoparticles for a future therapeutic approach. It also emphasizes the current clinical studies for
Alzheimer's disease therapy.
Temperature Field Analysis and Cooling Structure Design of Ironless
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor
Authors: Lu Xiaoting , Li Yang , Chen Zailiang 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
Ironless, permanent magnet, synchronous linear (IPMSL) motors are applied
widely in precision servo control for the nonexistence of cogging forces and comparatively small
fluctuations in thrust and speed.

Method:
The air and water cooling structures are designed by assuming the heat loss in the motor
operations is the source for the distribution of the temperature field in the analysis under natural
cooling.

Conclusion:
The temperature fields of the linear motor under the two cooling modes are compared and
analyzed, which helps monitor the temperature of linear motors during development and operations.
Staff Assignment Rotation and Project Sustainability in South Sudan
Authors: Kanneh Abraham Ansu , Awolusi Olawumi Dele 
Published: November 2021

The primary objective of this study was to determine the existence of a causal relationship between Staff Assignment Rotation vis-à-vis Project Sustainability in South Sudan. The research followed the qualitative methodology predicated on the “philosophical dimensions” of constructivism and interpretivism. The participants for the research consisted of 50 individuals drawn from four population groups: Refugees as the primary beneficiaries, humanitarian workers and project staff. Qualitative data collection was chosen as the research methodology and in-depth interview and focus group discussion as the research techniques in the data collection. Narrative analysis was the method of data analysis. The study revealed that 81 percent of the respondents indicated security as the single most important factor that impacts project sustainability. Staff assignment rotation followed with 16 percent. Data analysis was compartmentalized and looked at the profile of the respondents to see any noticeable variance from the functional perspective. Contextualizing the data helped to balance any perceived unbiased in the responses based on their functional affinity. In addition to Security as the prominent factor that impacts project sustainability, staff rotation, government regulation, and funding could also impact significantly depending on the context. The study recommends a comprehensive review of the current mandatory policy to align the operation management cycle; encompassing the project initiation, planning, implementation, monitoring and closure to the standard assignment length of staff assigned to implement these projects.
BUDAYA DAN KEARIFAN LOKAL KERAJAAN INSANA DI DATARAN TIMOR
Authors: Arvianto Faizal , Kharisma Giri Indra 
Published: November 2021

Pada era globalisasi pengetahuan masyarat tentang kerajaan di masa lampau menjadi semakin terbatas. Minimnya literatur tertulis yang mengungkapkan keanekaragaman kerajaan di masa lampau menjadi salah satu penyebabnya. Hal ini dapat dijumpai pada kerajaan-kerajaan di dataran Timor tepatnya di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara seperti kerajaan Insana yang dipimpin klan Us Finit, Kerajaan Biboki oleh klan Us Boko, dan Kerajaan Amarasi oleh klan Koroh. Dalam perkembangannya, sumber informasi tradisi dan budaya yang diketahui sampai sekarang masih berasal dari cerita rakyat dan tradisi yang berkembang turun-temurun. Penelitian untuk mengungkap budaya dan kearifan lokal Kerajaan Insana di Dataran Timor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan dilaksanakan di Oelolok, Desa Ainiut, Kecamatan Insana, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa: panduan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa kebudayaan dan kearifan lokal yang ada di kerajaan Insana cukup beragam. Dari segi budaya, terdapat beberapa kesenian dan kerajinan yang ada di kerajaan Insana. Ragam budaya yang ada pada masyarakat Insana juga telah melahirkan kearifan lokal yang sudah diwariskan secara tutun temurun. Kearifan lokal tersebut dapat terlihat pada upacara ritual dan tradisi yang menjadi adat istiadat masyarakat Insana.
Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Sikap Sosial Aspek Tanggung Jawab Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu Siswa Kelas 4 SD
Authors: Safitri Khanifatul , Harjono Nyoto 
Published: November 2021

Pada Kurikulum 2013 penilaian dalam pembelajaran sekolah dasar mencakup tiga ranah pembelajaran yaitu sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Fokus pada penilaian sikap pada pembelajaran yang dirasa masih kurang tepat. Hal tersebut dapat diketahui berdasarkan pengamatan yang telah dilakukan selama penelitian bahwa guru dalam melakukan penilaian sikap hanya melalui observasi selama proses pembelajaran. Untuk itu instrumen penilaian sikap perlu dikembangkan. Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan instrument penilaian sikap sosial yang valid khususnya pada aspek tanggung jawab. Produk ini penting untuk dikembangkan supaya dapat mengetahui tingkat perkembangan sikap tanggung jawab peserta didik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu jenis penelitian RND (Research and Development) dengan model penelitian ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementasi, Evaluation). Sample dalam penelitian ini menggunakan subjek peserta didik kelas 4 yang secara keseluruhan berjumlah 15 responden. Dari uji coba terbatas didapatkan bahwa dari 40 butir pernyataan yang diujicobakan, 12 (30%) butir pernyataan memiliki tingkat validitas sangat tinggi, 14 (35%) butir pernyataan memiliki tingkat validitas tinggi, 12 (32,5%) butir pernyataan memiliki tingkat validitas cukup, 1 (27,5%) butir pernyataan memiliki tingkat validitas rendah dan memiliki rata-rata rhitung sebesar 0,671 ≥ 0,20 maka instrumen dinyatakan valid. Sedangkan reliabilitas pada uji terbatas diperoleh α sebesar 0.970 dengan kriteria sangat reliabel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa instrument penilaian sikap sosial aspek tanggung jawab pada pembelajaran tematik terpadu kelas 4 layak untuk digunakan.
Tingkat Kepuasan Mahasiswa terhadap Mutu Pelayanan Pendidikan
Authors: Wijana I Ketut , Dwi Rusiawati Ria Tri Harini 
Published: November 2021

Tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap jasa pelayanan pendidikan yang diterima dapat diketahui dengan cara membandingkan antara harapan dengan kenyataan. Namun, masih banyak mahasiswa yang merasakan puas mengikuti pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa dan mutu pelayanan pendidikan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap mutu pelayanan Pendidikan. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa semester VI dan IV. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei dengan kuesioner. Hasil yang diperoleh dengan skala kepuasan mahasiswa. Ditinjau dari kenyataan dan harapan bahwa mayoritas mahasiswa memilih dengan tingkat kepuasan pada kategori cukup puas yaitu sebanyak 89 % , Sementara untuk hasil kepuasan pada kategori penting sebagian besar, 57 % penting untuk mendapatkan perhatian untuk dilengkapi, sehingga mampu meningkatkan kepuasan mahasiswa. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa dalam kenyataan dan harapan terhadap tingkat layanan cukup memuaskan. Implikasi penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan layanan untuk meningkatkan kepuasan mahasiswa, sehingga dapat memberikan dampak positif bagi mutu pendidikan.
Multimedia Interaktif Berorientasi Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Pada Muatan IPA
Authors: Anggreni Ni Luh , Jayanta I Nyoman Laba , Mahadewi Luh Putu Putrini 
Published: November 2021

Kurangnya kemampuan guru dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran IPA berbasis teknologi yang mengintegrasikan model pembelajaran di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan multimedia interaktif berorientasi model Problem Based Learning yang valid dan layak digunakan pada muatan IPA kelas V sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan yang menggunakan model pengembangan 4D (Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 1 ahli materi pembelajaran, 1 ahli desain pembelajaran, 1 ahli media pembelajaran, 3 siswa untuk uji coba perorangan, dan 9 siswa untuk uji coba kelompok kecil. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode pencatatan dokumen berupa angket/kuesioner dan wawancara. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian oleh ahli desain pembelajaran, diperoleh persentase sebesar 90% dengan kualifikasi sangat baik, hasil penilaian oleh ahli media pembelajaran diperoleh persentase sebesar 90% dengan kualifikasi sangat baik, hasil penilaian uji coba perorangan yang dilakukan oleh 3 orang siswa diperoleh hasil persentase keseluruhan sebesar 92% dengan kualifikasi sangat baik, hasil penilaian uji coba kelompok kecil yang dilakukan oleh 9 orang siswa diperoleh hasil persentase keseluruhan sebesar 94% dengan kualifikasi sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa multimedia interaktif berorientasi model Problem Based Learning pada muatan IPA layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.
Penggunaan Media Puzzle secara Daring terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Kelas V SD
Authors: Maulidah Agisna Najiah , Aslam Aslam Aslam 
Published: November 2021

Rendahnya hasil belajar siswa dalam proses pembelajaran pada pelajaran IPA akibat pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan media puzzle dalam pembelajaran secara daring terhadap hasil belajar siswa sekolah dasar. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian yaitu Quasi Experimental design. Jumlah sampel yang diteliti sebanyak 60 siswa dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu 30 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol dan 30 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampling jenuh. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes hasil belajar berbentuk pilihan ganda yang telah divalidasi oleh dosen ahli dengan menggunakan Produck Moment. Uji reliabilitas menggunakan Cronbach’s Alpha. Uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dengan SPSS. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji Independent Samples T Test diperoleh sebesar 0,000<0,05 maka Ho diterima dan Ha di tolak. Hal ini berarti bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) dengan menggunakan media puzzle pada siswa SD. Media puzzle bisa digunakan sebagai variasi model pembelajaran yang dapat membuat siswa tidak jenuh dan merasa senang mengikuti pembelajaran IPA, sehingga materi yang disampaikan dapat diserap dengan baik dan hasil belajar siswa di atas kriteria ketuntasan minimal yang sudah ditentukan.
Video Pembelajaran Berbasis Multimedia Interaktif pada Aspek Kognitif Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Aryani Ni Wayan , Ambara Didith Pramunditya 
Published: November 2021

Rendahnya kemampuan siswa dalam aspek kognitif disebabkan kurangnya materi dan media pembelajaran yang mendukung siswa dalam proses belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan video pembelajaran berbasis multimedia interaktif pada aspek kognitif khususnya kemampuan klasifikasi pada anak usia dini. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (Research dan Development) dengan menggunakan model ADDIE. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah satu uji coba ahli materi , satu uji coba ahli media, satu uji coba ahli desain media pembelajaran dan tiga uji coba perorangan yang dilakukan tiga orang siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini yaitu wawancara, observasi dan angket. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data yaitu kuesioner/ angket. Teknik yang digunakan dalam menganalisis data yaitu data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu Video pembelajaran berbasis multimedia interaktif dengan hasil penilaian yang dilakukan ahli materi, ahli media, ahli desain pelajaran dan perorangan dengan persentase penilaian rata-rata 88,5% dengan kualifikasi baik. Maka, video pembelajaran berbasis multimedia interaktif pada aspek kognitif anak usia dini valid dan layak diterapkan pada proses pembelajaran. Implikasi dari penelitian pengembangan video berbasis multimedia interaktif pada aspek kognitif dapat dijadikan salah satu solusi pada permasalahan yang ada, yaitu dapat digunakan pada pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan aspek kognitif siswa salah satunya klasifikasi. Selain itu media ini dapat membuat pembelajaran menjadi lebih variatif sehingga pembelajaran lebih menarik dan dapat memberikan pengalaman belajar bagi anak.
Pengembangan Madrasah dengan Modal Sosial
Authors: Subki Taiyudin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The condition of education in Indonesia until now is still quite alarming. Various efforts to increase and development continue to be done, but the result are still not in accordance with social hope. Modal public in the field of education (madrasah) is one that will be introduced as anew approach in education, particularly in the madrasa development that require proper handling, clear, tranparent effective, efficient, and requires a container that meets to set a benchmark for the succes and failure in implementation.
Keywords: Social capital, madrasah, Islamic school.
Study on Gus Durâ€™s Ways in Hedging
Authors: Usman M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract : Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) sangat cekatan dalam mengolah kata. Lantaran ucapan atau perbuatannya acapkali memicu kontroversi, ia sering berlindung di balik kata-kata (hedging), dan membuat analogi yang powerful dalam bereaksi terhadap persoalan dan tuduhan yang dilontarkan padanya. Dia melakukan hedging sehingga bisa menghindari sesuatu yang tidak menyenangkan atau tidak diinginkan terhadapnya. Dengan menggunakan kata-kata atau kalimat tertentu, ia mengangkis pertanyaan atau menjelaskan kebijakannya, tanpa membuat si penanya atau pemrotes tersinggung. Tanpa perlu berdebat panjang, jawaban Gus Dur tadi telah bisa â€˜membungkamâ€™ si penanya.
Kata kunci: Hedging, Aksi, dan Keputusan.