bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrosilylation of Alkenes Using a Hydrosiloxane as a Surrogate for Me2SiH2 and Catalyzed by a Nickel‐Pincer Complex
Authors: Hashimoto Toru , Shiota Keisuke , Ishimaru Toshiya , Yamaguchi Yoshitaka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe have developed a hydrosilylation reaction of alkenes using 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) as a surrogate for Me2SiH2 in the presence of NaOMe, catalyzed by a bench‐stable nickel‐pincer complex supported by a monoanionic O,N,P‐tridentate ligand. The reaction of styrene derivatives proceeds smoothly under mild reaction conditions to provide the hydrosilylated products in high yields with high Markovnikov selectivity. This protocol shows a wide substrate scope and is compatible with a wide range of functional groups. Secondary hydrosilanes are also suitable under the present reaction conditions and furnish the desired products in high yields.
Conventional and advanced exergy analyses of an organic Rankine cycle by using the thermodynamic cycle approach
Authors: Wang Yi , Qin Guoliang , Zhang Yong , Yang Shuhua , Liu Changsheng , Jia Cheng , Cui Qin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, a basic organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is introduced in an air separation process for waste heat recovery. Conventional and advanced exergy analyses are adopted to investigate the thermodynamic properties of components in the ORC. A comprehensive thermodynamic model is constructed to improve the advanced exergy analysis in the ORC, thereby encompassing real, theoretical, unavoidable, and hybrid cycles. Nine organic working fluids are introduced to investigate the influence on the ORC performance. (1) The conventional exergy analysis reveals the following: (a) The expander constantly demonstrates the maximum exergy efficiency except when R227ea is used. (b) The evaporator constantly exhibits the maximum exergy destruction regardless of the working fluid used. (c) The maximum product exergy is obtained when R114 is used. (d) Key components must focus on the condenser and evaporator to improve the ORC performance. (2) The advanced exergy analysis reveals that the expander demonstrates maximum potential for improvement because its endogenous avoidable exergy destruction accounts for approximately 90% of its real exergy destruction for all working fluids. The expander must be improved to achieve the optimal ORC performance. The advanced exergy analysis can distinguish the source of exergy destruction and the magnitude for possible improvement via the proposed thermodynamic model in this study. The comprehensive thermodynamic model can promote the investigation of the advanced exergy analysis in the ORC. Applying conventional and advanced exergy analyses to investigate the thermodynamic performance of a system or its components is highly recommended.
Volatility spillovers in commodity futures markets: A network approach
Authors: Yang Jian , Li Zheng , Miao Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study examines the volatility connectedness of commodity futures markets by decomposing connectedness at high, medium, and low frequencies using a LASSO‐VAR model. The total volatility connectedness across commodities is substantial and fluctuates within the range of 30%–60%, which is largely driven by low‐frequency volatility connectedness. Energy futures as a group and crude oil and soybeans as individual commodities play dominant roles as net senders of volatility shocks in the system of 25 commodities. Commodity volatility spillovers at medium and particularly low frequency account for over 40% of the total volatility connectedness, which can be significantly explained by economic factors related to broad economic conditions; however, this is not the case at high frequency. This finding implies that the effect of the financialization of commodities might be more limited than previously assumed.
An improved frequency compensation for three‐stageCMOSamplifier
Authors: Bahadoran Ghavam , Reza‐Alikhani Hamidreza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMulti‐stage operational amplifiers are considered as basic building blocks in modern electronics since advanced Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology limits exploiting cascode structures due to suffering from low voltage swings and the need of high gain capability. In this regard, an improved and high‐performance three‐stage CMOS amplifier is proposed in this work. The presented structure modeled mathematically and simulated via HSPICE circuit simulator with the 0.18‐μm CMOS technology. An straightforward symbolic calculation is explained to obtain linear transfer function. According to the simulation results, the proposed circuit show 149 dB as DC gain while express 7.3 MHz and 380 μW as gain‐bandwidth product and power dissipation, respectively. Such a high‐performance amplifier has great potential to realize more complex analog and mixed mode signal systems such as modulators and data convertors.
HPV‐related head and neck cancers: Pathology and biology
Authors: Saliba Maelle , Ghossein Ronald , Xu Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDiscovering the key role HPV plays in head and neck carcinogenesis has revolutionized our approach to cancers such as oropharyngeal carcinomas. As the role of HPV expands beyond the oropharynx, there is a pursued need to understand the oncogenic mechanisms of HPV‐driven tumorigenesis and their implications. Optimizing HPV detection methods all while acknowledging their limitations will ensure our ability to diagnose HPV‐driven neoplasia wherever clinically relevant.
3D Fractional Limb Volume Identifies Reduced Subcutaneous and Lean Mass in Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Steller Jonathan G. , Gumina Diane , Driver Camille , Palmer Claire , Brown Laura D. , Reeves Shane , Hobbins John C. , Galan Henry L. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesFetal 2D and 3D fractional limb volume (FLV) measurements by ultrasound can detect fetal lean and subcutaneous mass and possibly percent body fat. Our objectives were to 1) compare FLV measurements in fetuses with fetal growth restriction (FGR) versus small for gestational age (SGA) defined by the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG)‐supported international Delphi consensus and 2) correlate FLV findings with birth metrics. We hypothesize that FLV measurements will be significantly smaller in FGR versus SGA fetuses and will correlate closer with Ponderal index (PIx) in the neonate than abdominal circumference (AC).MethodsPatients were categorized as FGR or SGA as defined by ISUOG. Total thigh volume (TTV), volumes of lean mass (LMV), and fat mass volume (FMV) were calculated from 3D acquisitions. Measurements were compared between groups and correlated with birthweight (BW) and PIx (BW/crown‐heal length).ResultsThe FGR group (n = 37) delivered earlier (37/2 versus 38/0; P = .0847), were lighter (2.2 kg versus 2.6 kg; P = .0003) and had lower PIx (0.023 versus 0.025; P = .0013) than SGAs (n = 22). FGRs had reduced TTV (40.6 versus 48.4 cm3; P = .0164), FMV (20.8 versus 25.3 cm3; P = .0413), and LMV (19.8 versus 23.1 cm3; P = .0387). AC had the highest area under the curve (0.69) for FGR. FMV was more strongly associated with PIx than the AC (P = .0032).ConclusionsThe AC and FLV measurements were significantly reduced in FGR fetuses compared to SGAs. While the AC outperformed FLV in predicting FGR, the FLV correlated best with PIx, which holds investigative promise.
Experimental evidence for resilience of rockweeds on rocky shores in the Gulf of Maine,USA
Authors: Dudgeon Steve R. , Petraitis Peter S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResilience of ecological systems has been a central focus in aquatic sciences over the last 20 yr and critical to the understanding of ecological dynamics. Here, data from long‐term time series and experimental manipulations are used to examine resilience of two fucoid macroalgae in the Gulf of Maine, USA. Experimental clearings that mimic ice scour of different sizes were established in stands ofAscophyllum nodosumin the winter of 1996–1997. Half of the clearings were scraped again during winter 2010–2011 to compare trajectories between plots that had been recleared and those that remained intact. Short‐term experiments were done to test hypotheses of inhibition of recruitment and influence of hydrodynamic exposure, clearing size, and consumers as drivers of the observed successional trajectories.A. nodosumwas resilient to small clearings within two generation times (15–18 yr), but resilience lessened with increased magnitude of perturbation leaving nearly half of large clearings dominated by another fucoid,Fucus vesiculosusafter 25 yr.F. vesiculosuswas resilient against invasion byA. nodosumwhen it recruited early and grew rapidly, dominating space within two to three generation times (~ 3 yr). WhenA. nodosumestablished a foothold prior to dominance byF. vesiculosus,F. vesiculosuswas a long transient state. Water motion, lack of consumers, and large clearings favor rapid domination byF. vesiculosus, which inhibits establishment ofA. nodosum, thus forming an alternative stable state. ForA. nodosum, its longevity and large biomass per unit area are key toA. nodosuminhibitingF. vesiculosusand forming the other stable state.
Mycielski among trees
Authors: Michalski Marcin , Rałowski Robert , Żeberski Szymon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe two‐dimensional version of the classical Mycielski theorem says that for every comeager or conull set there exists a perfect set such that . We consider a strengthening of this theorem by replacing a perfect square with a rectangle , where A and B are bodies of some types of trees with . In particular, we show that for every comeager Gδ set there exist a Miller tree and a uniformly perfect tree such that and that cannot be a Miller tree. In the case of measure we show that for every subset F of of full measure there exists a uniformly perfect tree such that and no side of such a rectangle can be a body of a Silver tree or a Miller tree. We also show some properties of forcing extensions from which we derive nonstandard proofs of Mycielski‐like theorems via the Shoenfield Absoluteness Theorem.
Co‐Assembled Cellulose Nanocrystal‐Based Materials with Enhanced Long‐Term Stabilization in the Air of Black Phosphorus Nanosheets via Integrating Physical Coverage with Chemical Interactions
Authors: He Yi , Liu Siyuan , zhou Na , Ahmad Ishak , Gan Lin , Huang Jin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBlack phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS) cannot be directly applied in moist air due to their chemical instability from their thin layer structures adsorbed and transferred oxygen atoms easily. Here, a universal strategy for stabilizing BPNS is proposed by exfoliating black phosphorus with one‐dimensional nanoparticles based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Thin layers of BPNS are obtained in water and then co‐assembled with CNCs to construct composite membranes. Meanwhile, the co‐assembling technology and the chemical structure of CNCs are adjusted to obtain flexible membranes and high photothermal energy‐conversion efficiency (19.6%). The infrared illumination test proves that BPNS can exist stably in the black phosphorus (BP)/CNC‐based membranes and the photothermal conversion efficiency is kept at 19.6% after 30 days in ambient air. The mechanism study based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) and XPS show that the stability comes from the effects of physical covering and chemical covalent‐bond stabilization of CNC‐based materials. These BP/CNC‐based co‐assembled membranes can be practically applied in the military field for infrared ignition, night vision, and photothermal sensing.
Analysis of surfactants by mass spectrometry: Coming to grips with their diversity
Authors: Pascale Raffaella , Acquavia Maria A. , Onzo Alberto , Cataldi Tommaso R. I. , Calvano Cosima D. , Bianco Giuliana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSurfactants are surface‐active agents widely used in numerous applications in our daily lives as personal care products, domestic, and industrial detergents. To determine complex mixtures of surfactants and their degradation products, unselective and rather insensitive methods, based on colorimetric and complexometric analyses are no longer employable. Analytical methodologies able to determine low concentration levels of surfactants and closely related compounds in complex matrices are required. The recent introduction of robust, sensitive, and selective mass spectrometry (MS) techniques has led to the rapid expansion of the surfactant research field including complex mixtures of isomers, oligomers, and homologues of surfactants as well as their chemically and biodegradation products at trace levels. In this review, emphasis is given to the state‐of‐the‐art MS‐based analysis of surfactants and their degradation products with an overview of the current research landscape from traditional methods involving hyphenate techniques (gas chromatography‐MS and liquid chromatography‐MS) to the most innovative approaches, based on high‐resolution MS. Finally, we outline a detailed explanation on the utilization of MS for mechanistic purposes, such as the study of micelle formation in different solvents.
Amateur antigen‐presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Darragh Laurel B. , Karam Sana D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPresentation of tumor antigens is a critical step in producing a robust antitumor immune response. Classically tumor antigens are thought to be presented to both CD8 and CD4 T cells by professional antigen‐presenting cells (pAPCs) like dendritic cells using major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) I and II. But recent evidence suggests that in the tumor microenvironment (TME) cells other than pAPCs are capable of presenting tumor antigens on both MHC I and II. The evidence currently available on tumor antigen presentation by epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells (VECs), fibroblasts, and cancer cells is reviewed herein. We refer to these cell types in the TME as “amateur” APCs (aAPCs). These aAPCs greatly outnumber pAPCs in the TME and could, potentially, play a significant role in priming an antitumor immune response. This new evidence supports a different perspective on antigen presentation and suggests new approaches that can be taken in designing immunotherapies to increase T cell priming.
X‐Linked Dystonia‐Parkinsonism (“Lubag”) May Present with Peripheral Synucleinopathy
Authors: Evidente Virgilio Gerald H. , Evidente Danica H. , Ortega Susan C. , Levine Todd D. , Freeman Roy , Gibbons Christopher H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundX‐linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP) or “Lubag” is a genetic dystonia syndrome observed among Filipinos that can present with levodopa‐responsive parkinsonism and abnormal dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to describe the results of skin biopsies for phosphorylated α‐synuclein (P‐SYN) in XDP.MethodThis study used the retrospective chart review.ResultsWe report 6 patients who carried the XDP gene mutation with DAT imaging and skin biopsies to detect P‐SYN. Five had segmental or multifocal dystonia and parkinsonism: 4 were levodopa‐responsive and 1 non‐levodopa‐responsive. One patient was asymptomatic but had mild bradykinesia. Cutaneous P‐SYN and abnormal DAT scans were noted in the 4 levodopa‐responsive patients and 1 asymptomatic patient.ConclusionWe report for the first time the presence of cutaneous P‐SYN in XDP. Our findings suggest that XDP may be a hitherto‐undescribed synucleinopathy or that some XDP patients may have concurrent Parkinson's disease.
The tropical scaling for the polynomial eigenvalue problem solved by a contour integral method
Authors: Chen Hongjia , Zhang Ke , Sakurai Tetsuya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe contour integral method is a class of efficient methods for computing partial eigenvalues of polynomial eigenvalue problem (PEP). Among them, the recently developed Sakurai–Sugiura method with Rayleigh–Ritz projection (SS‐RR) method has received much attention for its effectiveness. However, the SS‐RR method may suffer from numerical instability when the coefficient matrices of the projected PEP vary widely in norm. To improve the numerical stability, we incorporate the tropical scaling technique into the SS‐RR method and establish upper bounds for the backward error of an approximate eigenpair of the original eigenvalue problem. These bounds shed light on mechanism that the tropical scaling improves the numerical stability of the original SS‐RR method. Numerical experiments show that the actual backward errors can be successfully reduced by scaling and the bounds can predict well the errors occurring before and after scaling.
Accessibility of information on patients' and family members' end‐of‐life wishes in advance care planning
Authors: Kuusisto Anne , Saranto Kaija , Korhonen Päivi , Haavisto Elina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo describe healthcare professionals' accessibility and transfer of patients' and family members' end‐of‐life wishes in ACP to the palliative care unit.DesignThe study used a qualitative descriptive study design.MethodsPurposive sampling was used. The data (N = 33) were collected through interviews with physicians, registered nurses, practical nurses and social workers. The data were analysed by inductive content analysis.ResultsTwo main categories emerged. Patients' and family members' end‐of‐life wishes documentation in relation to changing information needs was described in relation to patients' condition and care context. Transfer of patients' and family members' end‐of‐life wishes to palliative care unit included written and verbal communication. Results showed lack of implementation of ACP early, lack of implementation about the holistic interpretation of ACP into medical notes and lack of transferability of ACP into documenting systems impacting on accessibility and realization for the patient and family members at the end‐of‐life.
The psychometric properties of the Persian version of the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation Inventory among nursing students
Authors: Farahani Mansoureh Ashghali , Saeedi Maryam 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the MUSIC Inventory in nursing students.DesignCross‐sectional psychometric study.MethodsTranscultural adaptation of the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation Inventory was carried out using translation to Persian and back‐translation. Then, the qualitative and quantitative face and content validity of the inventory were evaluated. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis. To perform construct validity and reliability, a convenience sample of 360 undergraduate nursing students was recruited. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess internal consistency reliability.ResultsCronbach's alpha for all items of the MUSIC inventory was .94, and each factor was between .72–.93. Exploratory factor analysis supported the 5‐factor structure of the MUSIC inventory. These 5 factors explain 66.59% of the overall extracted variance. Three items of the MUSIC inventory, which were related to the empowerment component, were deleted.ConclusionBased on the findings of this study, the Persian version of the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation Inventory is a valid and reliable tool for Persian language nursing students.
Skipping the Bag: The Intended and Unintended Consequences of Disposable Bag Regulation
Authors: Homonoff Tatiana , Kao Lee‐Sien , Selman Javiera , Seybolt Christina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRegulation of goods associated with negative environmental externalities may decrease consumption of the targeted product, but may be ineffective at reducing the externality itself if close substitutes are left unregulated. We find evidence that plastic bag bans, the most common disposable bag regulation in the U.S., led retailers to circumvent the regulation by providing free thicker plastic bags, which are not covered by the ban. In contrast, a regulation change that replaced the ban with a small tax on all disposable bags generated large decreases in disposable bag use and overall environmental costs. Our results suggest that narrowly defined regulations (such as plastic bag bans) may be less effective than policies that target a more comprehensive set of products, even in the case when the policy instrument itself (a tax rather than a ban) is not as strict.
Stroma AReactive Invasion Front Areas (SARIFA) – a new prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer related to tumor‐promoting adipocytes
Authors: Grosser Bianca , Glückstein Marie‐Isabelle , Dhillon Christine , Schiele Stefan , Dintner Sebastian , VanSchoiack Alison , Kroeppler David , Martin Benedikt , Probst Andreas , Vlasenko Dmytro , Schenkirsch Gerhard , Märkl Bruno 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCompared to other malignancies, there is a lack of easy‐to‐evaluate biomarkers for gastric cancer, which is associated with an adverse clinical outcome in many cases. Here, we present Stroma AReactive Invasion Front Areas (SARIFA) as a new histological prognostic marker. We defined SARIFA as the direct contact between a cluster of tumor glands/cells comprising at least five tumor cells and inconspicuous surrounding adipose tissue at the invasion front. A total of 480 adenocarcinomas of the stomach and the gastroesophageal junction from two different collections were classified according to SARIFA. To understand the potential underlying mechanisms, a transcriptome analysis was conducted using digital spatial profiling (DSP). It was found that 20% of the tumors were SARIFA‐positive. Kappa values between the three pathologists were good in both collections: 0.74 and 0.78. Patients who presented SARIFA‐positive tumors had a significantly lower overall survival in Collections A (median: 20.0 versus 44.0 months; p = 0.014, n = 160) and B (median: 15.0 versus 41.0 months; p < 0.0001, n = 320). SARIFA positivity emerged as a negative independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR 1.638, 95% CI 1.153–2.326, p = 0.006). Using DSP, the most upregulated genes in SARIFA‐positive cases were those associated with triglyceride catabolism and endogenous sterols. COL15A1, FABP2, and FABP4 were differentially expressed in positive cases. At the protein level, the expression of proteins related to lipid metabolism was confirmed. SARIFA combines low inter‐observer variability, minimal effort, and high prognostic relevance, and is therefore an extremely promising biomarker related to tumor‐promoting adipocytes in gastric cancer. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.