bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perancangan Mesin 3D Printing Model Cartesian
Authors: Nugraha Hari Din , Kosasih Deny Poniman 
Published: March 2021

3D Printing merupakan salah satu terobosan bidang manufaktur khususnya teknik additive manufacturing, yang proses menjadikan dalam file digital menjadi suatu objek padat 3 dimensi berdasarkan susunan lapisan (layer) bahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang mesin 3D Printing dengan model siste cartesian dan pengujian sistem menggunakan aplikasi repitier host. Penlitian menggunakan jenis penelitian Design-Based-Research (DBR). Hasil penelitian di jabarkan sebagai berikut; (1) proses perancangan desain mesin 3D printing didapatkan hasil area kerja panjang 30 cm lebar 30 cm dan tinggi 30 cm, sehingga dari rencana area kerja tersebut bisa ditentukan komponen mekanis, komponen rangka utama dan komponen pelengkap lainya. (2) Software repitier host dapat digunakan sebagai simulasi model cartesian. Repitier dapat digunakan cocok digunakan menggunakan bahan dari Polilactid Acid (PLA) dan hasil warna yang lebih sempurna dan beragam. (3) Pada hasil pengujian terdapat stringing pada hasil simulasi produk, hal ini disebabkan karena pengaturan retraksi dan suhu temperatur yang tinggi
Hybrid Instruction: A Study into Usage of Lecture and Student-Centered Learning During Class Time
Authors: Parker Jeremy , Sutton David , Loase John 
Published: March 2021

With declining confidence in higher education, it is timely to consider the optimization of students’ class time experience. This study argues that class time should be devoted to development of student innovative skill. The authors’ direct experience is blended with theory and findings from existing research to propose an innovative approach that, rather than being mutually exclusive, indicates the complementarity of lecture and student-centered pedagogies. In this hybrid format lectures provide the delivery of old and new knowledge, while the student-centered approach provides application of that information through class discussion and short, in-class assignments. The environment motivating this research is mainland China, with English Language Learner (ELL) Chinese students, with the study’s aim being their cognitive, intellectual and second language development. The objective of this hybrid approach is the development of enhanced ‘value add’ to students’ education, with a companion aim in the maintenance of tertiary institution and teaching relevance.
Contemporary management of pediatric open skull fractures: a multicenter pediatric trauma center study
Authors: McFall Cory , Beier Alexandra D. , Hayward Kelsey , Alberto Emily C. , Burd Randall S. , Farr Bethany J. , Mooney David P. , Gee Kristin , Upperman Jeffrey S. , Escobar Mauricio A. , Coufal Nicole G. , Harvey Helen A. , Gollin Gerald 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE
The authors sought to evaluate the contemporary management of pediatric open skull fractures and assess the impact of variations in antibiotic and operative management on the incidence of infectious complications.

METHODS
The records of children who presented from 2009 to 2017 to 6 pediatric trauma centers with an open calvarial skull fracture were reviewed. Data collected included mechanism and anatomical site of injury; presence and depth of fracture depression; antibiotic choice, route, and duration; operative management; and infectious complications.

RESULTS
Of the fractures among the 138 patients included in the study, 48.6% were frontal and 80.4% were depressed; 58.7% of patients underwent fragment elevation. The average duration of intravenous antibiotics was 4.6 (range 0–21) days. Only 53 patients (38.4%) received a single intravenous antibiotic for fewer than 4 days. and 56 (40.6%) received oral antibiotics for an average of 7.3 (range 1–20) days. Wounds were managed exclusively in the emergency department in 28.3% of patients. Two children had infectious complications, including a late-presenting hardware infection and a superficial wound infection. There were no cases of meningitis or intracranial abscess. Neither antibiotic spectrum or duration nor bedside irrigation was associated with the development of infection.

CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of infectious complications in this population of children with open skull fractures was low and was not associated with the antibiotic strategy or site of wound care. Most minimally contaminated open skull fractures are probably best managed with a short duration of a single antibiotic, and emergency department closure is appropriate unless there is significant contamination or fragment elevation is necessary.
Detrimental effects of intrahospital transport on cerebral metabolism in patients suffering severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Hosmann Arthur , Angelmayr Carmen , Hopf Andreas , Rauscher Steffen , Brugger Jonas , Ritscher Lavinia , Bohl Isabelle , Schnackenburg Philipp , Engel Adrian , Plöchl Walter , Zeitlinger Markus , Reinprecht Andrea , Rössler Karl , Gruber Andreas 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE
Intrahospital transport for CT scans is routinely performed for neurosurgical patients. Particularly in the sedated and mechanically ventilated patient, intracranial hypertension and blood pressure fluctuations that might impair cerebral perfusion are frequently observed during these interventions. This study quantifies the impact of intrahospital patient transport on multimodality monitoring measurements, with a particular focus on cerebral metabolism.

METHODS
Forty intrahospital transports in 20 consecutive patients suffering severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) under continuous intracranial pressure (ICP), brain tissue oxygen tension (pbtO2), and cerebral microdialysis monitoring were prospectively included. Changes in multimodality neuromonitoring data during intrahospital transport to the CT scanner and the subsequent 10 hours were evaluated using linear mixed models. Furthermore, the impact of risk factors at transportation, such as cerebral vasospasm, cerebral hypoxia (pbtO2 < 15 mm Hg), metabolic crisis (lactate-pyruvate ratio [LPR] > 40), and transport duration on cerebral metabolism, was analyzed.

RESULTS
During the transport, the mean ICP significantly increased from 7.1 ± 3.9 mm Hg to 13.5 ± 6.0 mm Hg (p < 0.001). The ICP exceeded 20 mm Hg in 92.5% of patients; pbtO2 showed a parallel rise from 23.1 ± 13.3 mm Hg to 28.5 ± 23.6 mm Hg (p = 0.02) due to an increase in the fraction of inspired oxygen during the transport. Both ICP and pbtO2 returned to baseline values thereafter. Cerebral glycerol significantly increased from 71.0 ± 54.9 µmol/L to 75.3 ± 56.0 µmol/L during the transport (p = 0.01) and remained elevated for the following 9 hours. In contrast, cerebral pyruvate and lactate levels were stable during the transport but showed a significant secondary increase 1–8 hours and 2–9 hours, respectively, thereafter (p < 0.05). However, the LPR remained stable over the entire observation period. Patients with extended transport duration (more than 25 minutes) were found to have significantly higher levels of cerebral pyruvate and lactate as well as lower glutamate concentrations in the posttransport period.

CONCLUSIONS
Intrahospital transport and horizontal positioning during CT scans induce immediate intracranial hypertension and an increase in cerebral glycerol, suggesting neuronal injury. Afterward, sustained impairment of neuronal metabolism for several hours could be observed, which might increase the risk of secondary ischemic events. Therefore, intrahospital transport for neuroradiological imaging should be strongly reconsidered and only indicated if the expected benefit of imaging results outweighs the risks of transportation.
Predicting neuroimaging eligibility for extended-window endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: de Havenon Adam , Mickolio Kole , O’Donnell Steven , Stoddard Greg , McNally J. Scott , Alexander Matthew , Taussky Philipp , Awad Al-Wala 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVEEndovascular thrombectomy (EVT) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) are effective ischemic stroke treatments in the initial treatment window. In the extended treatment window, these treatments may offer benefit, but CT and MR perfusion may be necessary to determine patient eligibility. Many hospitals do not have access to advanced imaging tools or EVT capability, and further patient care would require transfer to a facility with these capabilities. To assist transfer decisions, the authors developed risk indices that could identify patients eligible for extended-window EVT or tPA.METHODSThe authors retrospectively identified stroke patients who had concurrent CTA and perfusion and evaluated three potential outcomes that would suggest a benefit from patient transfer. The first outcome was large-vessel occlusion (LVO) and target mismatch (TM) in patients 5–23 hours from last known normal (LKN). The second outcome was TM in patients 5–15 hours from LKN with known LVO. The third outcome was TM in patients 4.5–12 hours from LKN. The authors created multivariable models using backward stepping with an α-error criterion of 0.05 and assessed them using C statistics.RESULTSThe final predictors included the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), and age. The prediction of the first outcome had a C statistic of 0.71 (n = 145), the second outcome had a C statistic of 0.85 (n = 56), and the third outcome had a C statistic of 0.86 (n = 54). With 1 point given for each predictor at different cutoffs, a score of 3 points had probabilities of true positive of 80%, 90%, and 94% for the first, second, and third outcomes, respectively.CONCLUSIONSDespite the limited sample size, compared with perfusion-based examinations, the clinical variables identified in this study accurately predicted which stroke patients would have salvageable penumbra (C statistic 71%–86%) in a range of clinical scenarios and treatment cutoffs. This prediction improved (C statistic 85%–86%) when utilized in patients with confirmed LVO or a less stringent tissue mismatch (TM < 1.2) cutoff. Larger patient registries should be used to validate and improve the predictive ability of these models.
Predictors of neurologic outcome after surgery for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament differ based on myelopathy severity: a multicenter study
Authors: Shin Jun Jae , Jeon Hyeongseok , Lee Jong Joo , Kim Hyung Cheol , Kim Tae Woo , An Sung Bae , Shin Dong Ah , Yi Seong , Kim Keung-Nyun , Yoon Do-Heum , Nagoshi Narihito , Watanabe Kota , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio , Li Nan , Ma Sai , He Da , Tian Wei , Kwan Kenny Yat Hong , Cheung Kenneth Man Chee , Riew K. Daniel , Hoh Daniel J. , Ha Yoon , _ _ 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this retrospective multicenter study was to compare prognostic factors for neurological recovery in patients undergoing surgery for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) based on their presenting mild, moderate, or severe myelopathy.

METHODS
The study included 372 consecutive patients with OPLL who underwent surgery for cervical myelopathy between 2006 and 2016 in East Asian countries with a high OPLL prevalence. Baseline and postoperative clinical outcomes were assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) myelopathy score and recovery ratio. Radiographic assessment included occupying ratio, cervical range of motion, and sagittal alignment parameters. Patient myelopathy was classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the preoperative JOA score. Linear and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify patient and surgical factors associated with neurological recovery stratified by baseline myelopathy severity.

RESULTS
The mean follow-up period was 45.4 months (range 25–140 months). The mean preoperative and postoperative JOA scores and recovery ratios for the total cohort were 11.7 ± 3.0, 14.5 ± 2.7, and 55.2% ± 39.3%, respectively. In patients with mild myelopathy, only age and diabetes correlated with recovery. In patients with moderate to severe myelopathy, older age and preoperative increased signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging were significantly correlated with a lower likelihood of recovery, while female sex and anterior decompression with fusion (ADF) were associated with better recovery.

CONCLUSIONS
Various patient and surgical factors are correlated with likelihood of neurological recovery after surgical treatment for cervical OPLL, depending on the severity of presenting myelopathy. Older age, male sex, intramedullary high signal intensity, and posterior decompression are associated with less myelopathy improvement in patients with worse baseline function. Therefore, myelopathy-specific preoperative counseling regarding prognosis for postoperative long-term neurological improvement should include consideration of these individual and surgical factors.
MRI evaluation of nerve root avulsion in neonatal brachial plexus palsy: understanding the presence of isolated dorsal/ventral rootlet disruption
Authors: Smith Brandon W. , Chang Kate W. C. , Parmar Hemant A. , Ibrahim Mohannad , Yang Lynda J. S. 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE
The evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) continues to have many areas of debate, including the use of ancillary testing. Given the continued improvement in imaging, it is important to revisit its utility. Nerve root avulsions have historically been identified by the presence of pseudomeningoceles or visible ruptures. This “all-or-none” definition of nerve root avulsions has many implications for the understanding and management of NBPP, especially as characterization of the proximal nerve root as a potential donor remains critical. This study examined the ability of high-resolution MRI to more specifically define the anatomy of nerve root avulsions by individually examining the ventral and dorsal rootlets as they exit the spinal cord.

METHODS
This is a retrospective review of patients who had undergone brachial plexus protocol MRI for clinical evaluation of NBPP at a single institution. Each MR image was independently reviewed by a board-certified neuroradiologist, who was blinded to both established diagnosis/surgical findings and laterality. Each dorsal and ventral nerve rootlet bilaterally from C5 to T1 was evaluated from the spinal cord to its exit in the neuroforamen. Each rootlet was classified as avulsed, intact, or undeterminable.

RESULTS
Sixty infants underwent brachial plexus protocol MRI from 2010 to 2018. All infants were included in this study. Six hundred individual rootlets were analyzed. There were 49 avulsed nerve rootlets in this cohort. Twenty-nine (59%) combined dorsal/ventral avulsions involved both the ventral and dorsal rootlets, and 20 (41%) were either isolated ventral or isolated dorsal rootlet avulsions. Of the isolated avulsion injuries, 13 (65%) were dorsal only, meaning that the motor rootlets were intact.

CONCLUSIONS
A closer look at nerve root avulsions with MRI demonstrates a significant prevalence (approximately 41%) of isolated dorsal or ventral nerve rootlet disruptions. This finding implies that nerve roots previously labeled as “avulsed” but with only isolated dorsal (sensory) rootlet avulsion can yet provide donor fascicles in reconstruction strategies. A majority (99%) of the rootlets can be clearly visualized with MRI. These findings may significantly impact the clinical understanding of neonatal brachial plexus injury and its treatment.
The minimally invasive interbody selection algorithm for spinal deformity
Authors: Mummaneni Praveen V. , Hussain Ibrahim , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Eastlack Robert K. , Mundis Gregory M. , Uribe Juan S. , Fessler Richard G. , Park Paul , Robinson Leslie , Rivera Joshua , Chou Dean , Kanter Adam S. , Okonkwo David O. , Nunley Pierce D. , Wang Michael Y. , Marca Frank La , Than Khoi D. , Fu Kai-Ming , _ _ 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for spinal deformity uses interbody techniques for correction, indirect decompression, and arthrodesis. Selection criteria for choosing a particular interbody approach are lacking. The authors created the minimally invasive interbody selection algorithm (MIISA) to provide a framework for rational decision-making in MIS for deformity.

METHODS
A retrospective data set of circumferential MIS (cMIS) for adult spinal deformity (ASD) collected over a 5-year period was analyzed by level in the lumbar spine to identify surgeon preferences and evaluate segmental lordosis outcomes. These data were used to inform a Delphi session of minimally invasive deformity surgeons from which the algorithm was created. The algorithm leads to 1 of 4 interbody approaches: anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), anterior column release (ACR), lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Preoperative and 2-year postoperative radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes were compared.

RESULTS
Eleven surgeons completed 100 cMISs for ASD with 338 interbody devices, with a minimum 2-year follow-up. The type of interbody approach used at each level from L1 to S1 was recorded. The MIISA was then created with substantial agreement. The surgeons generally preferred LLIF for L1–2 (91.7%), L2–3 (85.2%), and L3–4 (80.7%). ACR was most commonly performed at L3–4 (8.4%) and L2–3 (6.2%). At L4–5, LLIF (69.5%), TLIF (15.9%), and ALIF (9.8%) were most commonly utilized. TLIF and ALIF were the most selected approaches at L5–S1 (61.4% and 38.6%, respectively). Segmental lordosis at each level varied based on the approach, with greater increases reported using ALIF, especially at L4–5 (9.2°) and L5–S1 (5.3°). A substantial increase in lordosis was achieved with ACR at L2–3 (10.9°) and L3–4 (10.4°). Lateral interbody arthrodesis without the use of an ACR did not generally result in significant lordosis restoration. There were statistically significant improvements in lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence–LL mismatch, coronal Cobb angle, and Oswestry Disability Index at the 2-year follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of the MIISA provides consistent guidance for surgeons who plan to perform MIS for deformity. For L1–4, the surgeons preferred lateral approaches to TLIF and reserved ACR for patients who needed the greatest increase in segmental lordosis. For L4–5, the surgeons’ order of preference was LLIF, TLIF, and ALIF, but TLIF failed to demonstrate any significant lordosis restoration. At L5–S1, the surgical team typically preferred an ALIF when segmental lordosis was desired and preferred a TLIF if preoperative segmental lordosis was adequate.
Kauts Ruth. Christianity in the Work of Bakhtin (Ch. 1) Translation from English: Coates Ruth. Christianity in Bakhtin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Authors: Барицкий Дмитрий 
Published: March 2021

Личность и творчество выдающегося русского мыслителя М. М. Бахтина (1895–1975) в последнее время всё больше и больше становится предметом пристального внимания учёных. Несмотря на существование множества работ, которые посвящены философской, культурологической, эстетической проблематике его произведений, практически совершенно игнорируется вопрос о религиозной составляющей наследия М. М. Бахтина. Английская исследовательница Рут Коутс (Ruth Coates) ставит перед собой задачу восполнить эту лакуну. В своей монографии «Christianity in Bakhtin» («Христианство в творчестве Бахтина») она предлагает нашему вниманию результаты своего анализа как религиозных взглядов самого М. М. Бахтина, так и религиозных мотивов его творчества. Монография была издана в издательстве «Cambridge University Press» в 1998 году. Настоящая публикация открывает серию статей, цель которых — познакомить русскоязычного читателя с содержанием наиболее важных разделов данного исследования.
The personality and work of the outstanding Russian thinker M.M. Bakhtin (1895-1975) have recently become an increasingly important subject of scholarly attention. Despite the existence of many works devoted to philosophical, culturological, aesthetic problems of his works, the question of the religious component of Mikhail Bakhtin's heritage is almost completely ignored. The British researcher Ruth Coates sets herself the task of filling this gap. In her monograph Christianity in Bakhtin, she presents the results of her analysis of both Bakhtin's own religious views and those of Bakhtin. Bakhtin, as well as the religious motifs in his works. This monograph was published by Cambridge University Press in 1998. The present publication opens a series of articles, the purpose of which is to acquaint the Russian-speaking reader with the contents of the most important sections of this study.
Plasma Amyloid-β in Relation to Antibodies Against Herpes Simplex Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Authors: Lopatko Lindman Karin , Weidung Bodil , Olsson Jan , Josefsson Maria , Johansson Anders , Eriksson Sture , Hallmans Göran , Elgh Fredrik , Lövheim Hugo 
Published: March 2021

Background: Amyloid-β (Aβ), the key constituent of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) plaques, has antimicrobial properties. Objective: To investigate the association between plasma Aβ and antibodies against the AD-related pathogens herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and C. pneumoniae. Methods: Plasma from 339 AD cases, obtained on average 9.4 years (±4.00) before diagnosis, and their matched controls were analyzed for Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentrations with Luminex xMAP technology and INNOBIA plasma Aβ-form assays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were utilized for analyses of anti-HSV immunoglobulin (Ig) G, anti-HSV1 IgG, anti-HSV2 IgG, anti-CMV IgG, and anti- C. pneumoniae IgG. Follow-up samples were available for 150 of the cases. Results: Presence and levels of anti-HSV1 IgG, anti-HSV2 IgG, anti-CMV IgG, and anti- C. pneumoniae IgG did not correlate with concentrations of Aβ42 or Aβ40 in cases or controls. Conclusion: Levels of plasma Aβ were not associated with antibodies against different AD-related pathogens.
GANGGUAN BERBAHASA PADA ANAK USIA SEMBILAN TAHUN AKIBAT KELUMPUHAN PADA VELUM MULUT: PERSPEKTIF FONOLOGI
Authors: Putri Septara Utrujjah 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gangguan berbahasa dari perspektif fonologi dalam hal pelafalan fonem, mana yang memiliki gangguan dan mana yang normal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Objek penelitian ini berupa bunyi-bunyi fonem yang sulit dan tidak sulit diujarkan oleh penderita kelumpuhan langit-langit mulut atau sumbing langit-langit. Sumber data (informan) dalam penelitian ini adalah seorang anak penderita sumbing langit-langit berusia sembilan tahun. Penyediaan data menggunakan metode simak dan wawancara, teknik simak meliputi catat serta rekam. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa di beberapa fonem informan mengalami kesulitan dalam melafalkan bunyinya dan cenderung terdengar sengau, namun ada beberapa pula fonem yang terdengar jelas seperti orang normal.
Kata Kunci: Gangguan berbahasa, Perspektif fonologi, Sembilan tahun.

Abstract
This study aims to determine language disorder from a phonological persepectve in terms if phoneme pronunciationm which ones have interference and which ones are normal. This study uses a qualitative research approach. The object of this research is phoneme sounds that are difficult and not difficult to pronounce by people with palate paralysis or cleft palate. The data source (informant) in this study was a child with cleft palate aged nine years. provision of data using observation and interview methods, listening techniques include note-taking and recording. Based on the result of the study, some phonemes, the informants had difficulty pronouncing the sounds and tended to sound nasal, but there were also some phonemes that sounded clear like normal people.
Keywords: Language disorders, Phonological perspective, nine years