bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of branches due to winter storms could favor deciduousness in oaks
Authors: Karban Richard , Pearse Ian S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseEcologists have an incomplete understanding of the factors that select for deciduous, evergreen, and marcescent leaf habits. Evergreens have more opportunities for photosynthesis but may experience costs when abiotic conditions are unfavorable such as during ice and windstorms.MethodsWe documented branch loss for species of oaks (Quercusspp.) in a common garden in California during an unusual windstorm.ResultsBranches of marcescent trees were more likely to break during the storm, and this pattern had a negligible phylogenetic signature. Branches of evergreen and marcescent species were mostly alive before breaking, which likely accrued a fitness cost, while those of deciduous species were mostly already dead. One explanation for the overrepresentation of broken branches from marcescent species is that their petioles are inflexible and have greater wind loading compared to the flexible petioles of evergreen leaves and the leafless condition of deciduous branches.ConclusionsThese results suggest that branch loss during unusual winter storms may be an important cost of a marcescent leaf habit.
Tracking immature reticulocyte proteins for improved detection of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) abuse
Authors: Cox Holly D. , Miller Geoffrey D. , Manandhar Abhilasha , Husk Jacob D. , Crouch Andre K. , Eichner Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAthletes abuse recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) and erythropoiesis stimulating agents to increase hemoglobin mass and improve performance. To evade detection, athletes have developed sophisticated blood doping regimens, which often include rhEPO micro‐dosing. Detection of these methods requires biomarkers with increased sensitivity and a sample matrix that is more amenable to frequent testing in the field. We have developed a method to measure two immature reticulocyte proteins, CD71 and ferrochelatase (FECH), and one total erythrocyte protein, Band 3, in dried blood spots (DBS). This method was tested in response to rhEPO administration after low doses, 40 IU/kg, micro‐doses, 900 IU, or saline injection in 20 healthy subjects. During administration of low‐dose rhEPO, the mean CD71/Band 3 and FECH/Band 3 ratio increased by 412 ± 197% and 250 ± 44%, respectively. The mean response for the current biomarker, RET%, increased by 195 ± 35%. During administration of rhEPO micro‐doses, CD71/Band 3 increased to 127 ± 25% on day 35 and 139 ± 36% on day 39, while no increase was observed in RET%. After rhEPO administration, during the washout phase, mean values decreased to a minimum of 64 ± 4% and 64 ± 11% for CD71/Band 3 and RET%, respectively. However, CD71/Band 3 remained below 75% of baseline for at least 4 weeks after rhEPO injection, while RET% returned to baseline levels. The results demonstrate that immature reticulocyte proteins have a larger response to rhEPO administration than the current biomarker, RET%, and can be monitored in the DBS matrix.
Novel DIP2C gene splicing variant in an individual with focal infantile epilepsy
Authors: Yang Le , Zhao Siyu , Ma Nan , Liu Liang , Li Dongjing , Li Xia , Wang Zhijing , Song Xixiao , Wang Yan , Wang Dong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDisco‐interacting protein 2 C (DIP2C) encodes a disco‐interacting protein and is highly expressed in the nervous system. Most variants of DIP2C are microdeletions on chromosome 10p15.3. This study reports a 17‐month‐old infant with focal infantile epilepsy who has a single‐nucleotide variation in DIP2C that results in alternative splicing. The de novo variation (NM_014974.3: c.1057+2T>G) in DIP2C was uncovered through whole‐exome sequencing. Minigene assays were performed and verified the alternative splicing caused by the variation. Finally, an 80‐bp nucleotide deletion in the 3′ end of Exon 8 was detected. Our study identified a de novo splicing variant that affects the coding length of DIP2C. This finding provides a new candidate gene for focal infantile epilepsy. Importantly, our finding is the first to associate a single nucleotide variant in DIP2C with focal infantile epilepsy.
Organophotoredox‐Catalyzed Switchable Selective Transformation of Aromatic Aldehydes into Pinacols and Benzyl alcohols
Authors: Yedase Girish Suresh , John Maria , Yatham Veera Reddy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report a versatile and efficient organophotoredox‐catalyzed (4CzIPN) chemo‐selective conversion of aromatic aldehydes and ketones into pinacols and benzyl alcohols. Hantzsch ester and thiophenol were used as the electron, proton and hydrogen atom donors. Product selectivity can be switched from pinacols to benzyl alcohols simply by adding a stoichiometric amount of thiophenol to the reaction system. The operationally simple protocol tolerates a variety of functional groups and selectively converts aromatic aldehyde into pinacol or benzyl alcohol in the presence of both aromatic ketone and aliphatic aldehyde.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Carboamination of Alkenes and Allenes: Recent Progress
Authors: Nanda Santosh Kumar , Mallik Rosy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVicinal carboamination of carbon‐carbon multiple bonds is a highly reliable and efficient practical strategy for the quick preparation of valuable and diverse amine derivatives starting from simple synthons. The last decade has witnessed numerous practical methods employing transition metal carboamination approaches of alkenes and allenes for the synthesis of these N‐bearing entities. Driven by the renaissance of transition metal catalysis, inter‐and intramolecular carboamination of alkenes and allenes comprising concomitant C−N and C−C bond formation has been studied extensively. Interestingly, existing reviews describing developments on carboamination of alkenes are mostly reaction path specific and confined to a particular metal catalyst. Whereas, guiding congregation of literature on carboamination of allene is not documented. In this review, different conceptual approaches will be discussed and examples from the recent literature will be presented with special focus to the detailed reaction mechanism.
N‐Iodosuccinimide‐promoted Regioselective Selenylation of 4H‐Pyrido‐[1,2‐a]‐pyrimidin‐4‐ones with Diselenides at Room Temperature
Authors: Guo Lina , Su Meiyun , Lv Junliang , Liu Wenjie , Wang Shaohua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA novel and efficient approach for the regioselective selenylation of 4H‐pyrido‐[1,2‐a]‐pyrimidin‐4‐ones with diselenides at room temperature has been developed. This procedure is catalyzed by N‐iodosuccinimide under metal‐free conditions with a broad range of substrate scopes and affords C3 selenylation products in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the sulfenylation with diphenyl disulfides and 4‐methylbenzenethiol in this transformation is successful.
Self‐photocatalyzed Homolytic Dehalogenative Alkylation/Cyclization of Unactivated Alkenes Based on the Quinazolinone Skeleton via Energy Transfer
Authors: Sun Bin , Tang Xiaoli , Shi Rongcheng , Yan Zhiyang , Li Bingqian , Tang Chen , Jin Can , Wu Chunlei L. , Shen Runpu P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA mild, external photocatalyst‐ and additive‐free protocol for photo‐induced alkylation/cyclization of unactivated alkenes with halides has been developed. This strategy showed excellent regioselectivity and simple operation to synthesize alkyl‐substituted quinazolinones with a broad substrate scope. More importantly, chlorinated alkanes were also compatible with this transformation.
“I want to become part of the Australian community”: Challenging the marginalisation of women resettled as refugees in Australia – Findings from a photovoice project
Authors: Lumbus Anita , Fleay Caroline , Hartley Lisa K. , Gower Shelley , Creado Andrea , Dantas Jaya A. R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article discusses a community‐based participatory research (CPBR) project, which used photovoice to explore 43 refugee women's perspectives of settlement in Perth, Western Australia. The research was conducted between a university and a multicultural women's health service from 2016 to 17. The women were given cameras and chose topics to photograph, which represented their settlement experiences and, using reflective group dialogue, reflected on their settlement successes and challenges and provided policy recommendations for improving the settlement process. Eleven women were interviewed for further in‐depth reflections, and 22 women selected photographs and wrote accompanying narratives for a travelling photography exhibition. Key themes of the importance of English language learning and family support during the settlement process are explored. Drawing on intersectionality and postcolonial feminist theories, this article discusses how government provisions for English education are incongruent with the settlement needs of women and access to family reunion is largely unattainable, which has negative implications for women's health and well‐being. This article demonstrates how government policy marginalises women and reinforces an existing gendered, racial hierarchy. An intersectional approach to settlement policymaking and programmes is recommended for women's successful settlement.
A Modular Cascade Synthetic Strategy Toward Structurally Constrained Boron‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Zhang Jin‐Jiang , Yang Lin , Liu Fupin , Fu Yubin , Liu Junzhi , Popov Alexey A. , Ma Ji , Feng Xinliang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA novel synthetic strategy was developed for the construction of difficult‐to‐access structurally constrained boron‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (sc‐B‐PAHs) via a cascade reaction from the readily available ortho‐aryl‐substituted diarylalkynes. This domino process involves borylative cyclization, 1,4‐boron migration and successive two‐fold electrophilic borylation. Two types of sc‐B‐PAHs bearing B‐doped [4]helicene (1 a‐1 i) or BN‐doped [4]helicene (1 n‐1 t) and double [4]helicene (1 u‐1 v) are constructed by this cascade reaction. Remarkably, this synthetic strategy is characterized by modest yields (20–50 %) and broad substrate scope (18 examples) with versatile functional group tolerance. The resultant sc‐B‐PAHs show good stability under ambient conditions and are thoroughly investigated by X‐ray crystallography, UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Interestingly enough, BN‐doped [4]helicene 1 o forms a unique alternating π‐stacked dimer of enantiomers within a helical columnar superstructure, while BN‐doped double [4]helicene 1 u establishes an unprecedented π‐stacked trimeric sandwich structure with a rare 2D lamellar π‐stacking. The synthetic approach reported herein represents a powerful tool for the rapid generation of novel sc‐B‐PAHs, which are highly attractive for the elucidation of the structure‐property relationship and for potential optoelectronic applications.
An Immunomodulatory Peptide Dendrimer Inspired from Glatiramer Acetate
Authors: Erzina Dina , Capecchi Alice , Javor Sacha , Reymond Jean‐Louis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlatiramer acetate (GA) is a random polypeptide drug used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disease. With the aim of identifying a precisely defined alternative to GA, we synthesized a library of peptide dendrimers with an amino acid composition similar to GA. We then challenged the dendrimers to trigger the release of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) from human monocytes, which is one of the effects of GA on immune cells. Several of the largest dendrimers tested were as active as GA. Detailed profiling of the best hit showed that this dendrimer induces the differentiation of monocytes towards an M2 (anti‐inflammatory) state as GA does, however with a distinct immune marker profile. Our peptide dendrimer might serve as starting point to develop a well‐defined immunomodulatory analog of GA.
Thin‐Layer Chromatography and Coomassie Staining of Phospholipids for Fast and Simple Lipidomics Sample Preparation
Authors: Hofmann Tommy , Barth Marie , Meister Annette , Kastritis Panagiotis L. , Schmidt Carla 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Carla Schmidt at the University of Halle‐Wittenberg. The cover picture shows a Coomassie‐stained thin‐layer chromatography plate. Separation of three lipidomes is exemplified: (i) Escherichia coli, (ii) SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and (iii) lipids assembled in polymer nanodiscs. Subsequent identification of the lipids by mass spectrometry is indicated. More information can be found in the Full Paper at 10.1002/anse.202100029.
Development of DNA intercalative, HSA binder pyridine‐based novel Schiff base Cu(II), Ni(II) complexes with effective anticancer property: A combined experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Satapathi Dibyendu , Das Manik , Rajak Karunamoy , Laha Soumik , Islam Md. Maidul , Choudhuri Indranil , Bhattacharyya Nandan , Das Sinjan , Samanta Bidhan Chandra , Maity Tithi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe two novel Cu(II) complexes [Cu(L)(CH3COO)] and [Cu(L)(N3)] (1, 2) and one Ni(II) complex [Ni(L)(N)3] (3) have been developed by using the ligand HL, obtained by the condensation of 2 amino methyl pyridine and 5‐bromo salicylaldehyde. All the three complexes are spectroscopically characterized along with molar conductance measurement. With the help of EPR, density functional theory (DFT) studies, the occupants of distorted square planer geometry with azide (2 and 3), acetate (1) as a secondary anionic residue, and the presence of +2 oxidation state on metal center of the complexes have been documented. After structural determination, all the complexes have been exposed to inspect their DNA and human serum albumin (HSA) binding efficacy. Initially, the higher binding constants, obtained from electronic titration among complexes and DNA, the impressive reduction of fluorescence intensities of the HSA and Ethidium Bromide (EtBr)‐DNA adduct, after incremental addition of complexes separately, assure the high binding ability of complexes 2 and 3 in compare with 1. The time‐dependent fluorescence study, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and circular dichroism (CD) spectral titration provide the additional support to get affirmation about the binding potentiality of the aforementioned complexes with DNA/HSA. The molecular docking study authenticates the experimental approach. Furthermore, the anticancer study of all the complexes has been checked by implementing the MTT assay method on two cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. The MTT assay results explore the better anticancer property of complex 2 in comparison with complexes 1 and 3 with low toxicity to the normal cell, and this fact may be correlated with the impressive DNA and HSA binding efficacy of complex 2. Finally, the nuclear staining study by AO/PI dual sensor discloses the nuclear morphological change of cancer cells along with the opening of cell death mechanism, suggesting the apoptotic pathway.
Synthesis and performance of moisture curable solvent free silane terminated polyurethanes for coating and sealant applications
Authors: Camadanli Sebnem , Hisir Arif , Dural Sevilay 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolyurethanes (PUs) constitute one of the most versatile class of polymers with respect to composition, properties, and applications. Having an excellent elastomeric performance, PUs has been used in a wide range of applications. Additionally, silane terminated modified polyurethanes (STPUs) combine advantageous characteristics of PUs and organosilicon. Two PUs and four STPUs modified by a silane end‐capper N‐ethyl‐3‐trimethoxysilyl‐2‐methylpropanamine and N‐cyclohexyl aminomethyltriethoxysilane were synthesized and acted as an adhesives or coatings which could be suitable for use in moisture‐curing compositions at room temperature without releasing CO2. The effect of isocyanate groups in the polyurethane backbone and organofunctional groups in the aminosilane structure (R1–NH–R2–Si[OC2H5]3), R1 (alkyl or aryl), the spacer R2 (α or γ) was examined. The chemical and physical structures of the PUs and STPUs were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (13C and 1H), dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and the mechanical properties were evaluated by universal tensile tests. The results showed that STPUs were successfully synthesized as moisture curable, exhibiting low viscosity with adequate tensile strength and elongation can be prepared environmentally benign by utilizing secondary aminosilane end‐cappers and an optimal combination of the polyol molecular weight and NCO/OH ratio.
Influence of ambient pressure on thermal response of polymer matrix composites
Authors: Guo Jin , Huang Jie , Huang Haiming , Yao Jun , Jiang Xuedong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAmbient pressure is crucial to the thermal performance of polymer matrix composites, which are usually used as the thermal protection system (TPS) materials of hypersonic vehicles. Aiming at studying the influence of ambient pressure on thermal response of polymer matrix composites, a novel pyrolysis layer model with pressure is presented, and its mathematical model is deduced and programmed in MATLAB. Comparison between numerical results and experimental results of theoretical ablative composite for open testing is given to verify the accuracy of the presented model. After that, thermal responses of phenolic impregnated carbon ablator under ambient pressures range from 1 to 500 kPa are simulated. It is found that accumulation and backstreaming of generated pyrolysis gasses begin to appear with the increase of ambient pressure. And there is an obvious linear correlation between the reciprocal of the material internal pressure and the ambient pressure. In addition, bondline temperature of polymer matrix composites declines as the ambient pressure decreases. Effect of ambient pressure on thermal response of polymer matrix composites cannot be neglected, which should be taken into account in the TPS design. This study contributes to the accurate prediction of thermal response of polymer matrix composites.
Hybrids of glass fibers coated with carbon nanotubes and nickel for high‐performance electromagnetic wave absorption composites
Authors: Liu Yu , He Delong , Dubrunfaut Olivier , Zhang Anne , Pichon Lionel , Bai Jinbo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo expand the application of insulating glass fiber (GF) in the field of microwave absorption, one type of GF hybrids with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nickel (Ni) was successfully synthesized by chemical vapor deposition and electroless plating methods. By changing the reaction conditions, the morphology of GF hybrids including CNT's length, CNT's growth density, and Ni′s thickness could be adjusted. The as‐produced hybrids were used as multifunctional reinforcement to fabricate epoxy composites. The dielectric properties of composites were particularly measured from 1 to 18 GHz. It was found that the variation of GF hybrids structure significantly changed the dielectric properties of the composites in the tested frequency range. Furthermore, the analytical simulation work based on the experimental results was conducted for optimizing the structural parameters of multilayered composites. The results showed that the best reflection loss of −60 dB with a −10 dB range of 5.6 GHz could be obtained in an absorber with a triple‐layered structure composed by GF‐CNTs/epoxy with different CNT contents and GF‐CNTs@Ni/epoxy. Thus, the proposed hybrid method might be quite efficient for developing composites that can achieve high‐performance electromagnetic absorbing.
Microstructure and properties of poly(butylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) composites based on carbon nanotubes/graphene nanoplatelets hybrid filler systems
Authors: Gao Zhuyi , Dong Qunfeng , Shang Mengyao , Shentu Baoqing , Wu Chinan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work describes the preparation of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) composites using carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) hybrid fillers by melt blending process. The effects of CNTs/GNPs hybrid fillers on the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and mechanical properties of composites with varying CNTs/GNPs weight ratios were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the CNTs/GNPs hybrid fillers had better dispersion in PBT/PET matrix, they could effectively cooperate to build filler network structure. The excellent synergistic effects of hybrid fillers could significantly improve the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity. When adding 2 phr CNTs and 8 phr GNPs simultaneously, the thermal conductivity reached 0.84 W m−1 K−1 and Young's modulus was 1.2‐fold compared with PBT/PET blends. In addition, all hybrid composites with higher CNTs/GNPs weight ratios showed better electrical conductivity and EMI SE. The measurement of EMI SE and study of shielding mechanism indicated that absorption loss was the main mechanism for the attenuation of incident electromagnetic waves in hybrid composites over X‐band frequency.
Synthesis of Poly‐Substituted Pyridines via Noble‐Metal‐Free Cycloaddition of Ketones and Imines
Authors: Mao Yeting , Mao Hong , Xu Jiaojiao , Liu Tianqi , Liu Bingxin , Tan Qitao , Ding Chang‐Hua , Xu Bin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn eco‐friendly and noble‐metal‐free formal [4+2] cycloaddition reaction was developed for the efficient synthesis of biologically interesting poly‐substituted pyridines from easily available ketones and imines, whereby two sequential C−C bonds are formed. The given approach features a unique synthetic strategy of imines and ketones with wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, mild conditions and operational simplicity, which represents a more direct pathway to synthesize poly‐substituted pyridines than traditional methods.
A novel method for purification of biologically active C‐terminal fragment of human recombinant anti‐mullerian hormone
Authors: Rak Alexandra Ya. , Protasov Evgeny A. , Trofimov Alexander V. , Pigareva Natalia V. , Ischenko Alexander M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAnti‐mullerian hormone (AMH) is one of the least studied members of transforming growth factor beta superfamily showing pro‐apoptotic activity against cells positive for hormone type II receptor overexpressed by malignant cells in many cancer cases. Here, we propose an improved method for isolation of recombinant C‐terminal AMH fragment (C‐rAMH) to obtain homogeneous preparations of this protein with high biological activity. In contrast to our previously developed C‐rAMH purification technology based on reversed‐phase HPLC, the key stage of the new approach is hydrophobic interaction chromatography using Toyopearl Butyl‐650S resin performed under more benign conditions. This modification of the previously developed method allowed highly purified C‐rAMH to be obtained that is characterized by twice the specificity estimated as the ability to bind to the recombinant analog of AMH type II receptor and by significantly higher biological activity, that is, the ability to induce the death of target cells. Thus, we made the purification technology even more cost‐effective and suitable for the production of drug forms based on C‐rAMH.