bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study protocol to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the Clinical Nurse Leader Care Model in improving quality and safety outcomes
Authors: Bender Miriam , Williams Marjory , Cruz Maricela F. , Rubinson Claude 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsPatients are harmed or die every year because of unsafe, inappropriate or inadequate healthcare delivery. Registered Nurses are a recognized patient safety strategy. However, variability in research findings indicate the relationship is not as simple as “more nurses=better outcomes.” Hence, currently there exists no evidence‐based frontline nursing care model. One emerging model is the Clinical Nurse Leader care model.DesignThis Hybrid Type II Implementation‐Effectiveness study will evaluate the effect of the care model on standardized quality and safety outcomes and identify implementation characteristics that are sufficient and necessary to achieve outcomes.MethodsThis study leverages a natural experiment in 66 clinical care units in nine hospitals across five states in the United States that have implemented the Clinical Nurse Leader care model.ResultsFindings will elucidate Registered Nurse's mechanisms of action as organized into frontline models of care and link actions to improved care quality and safety.
Mode I and mode II delamination of carbon/glass/epoxy hybrid composite: A statistics‐based analysis
Authors: Monticeli Francisco Maciel , Pitanga Midori Yoshikawa , Cioffi Maria Odila Hilário , Voorwald Herman Jacobus Cornelis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe delamination of a carbon/glass/epoxy hybrid composite was studied experimentally to analyze the effect of reinforcement heterogeneity on data dispersion. A statistical approach was applied to evaluate the effect of the carbon/glass/epoxy hybrid composite on the individual modes (I and II) of delamination. The analysis of variance evidenced the contribution of reinforcement type in strain energy release ratio (SERR). Curve fitting for the quasi‐static test was performed with the Weibull distribution model to predict the energy release versus crack length with different reliability levels. The 60% reliability curve presented the best fit with the average of the experimental data. For all reliability levels, the hybrid composite showed an increase in SERR.
Chemiresistor sensor using elastomer‐functionalized carbon nanotube nanocomposites for the detection of gasoline spills
Authors: Kim Tae Y. , Koo Kwon M. , Yun Gayeong , Kim Yangsoo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo types of multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)‐based elastomer nanocomposites are used as a sensor material for the detection of gasoline spills by applying the interdigitated electrode (IDE) device. MWNT‐g‐polyisoprene (PI) and Si‐MWNT/natural rubber (NR) are prepared by applying “grafting‐from” and “grafting‐to” process, respectively. When compared based on the identical condition of gasoline sensing test, the maximum response value to the exposure of gasoline is 17.5 for MWNT‐g‐PI sensor and 12.9 for Si‐MWNT/NR sensor, which reach the maximum in less than 3 min. The MWNT‐g‐PI sensor selectively detects gasoline, and its response is completely reversible. It shows that the longer chain length of PI brings about the larger response of MWNT‐g‐PI sensor to gasoline. The sensitivity of MWNT‐g‐PI sensor highly depends on both how much gasoline is exposed to the sensor and what bias voltage is applied to the IDE device. The IDE sensor using MWNT‐g‐PI nanocomposites effectively detects gasoline spills.
Analysis of electrostatic coupling throughout the laboratory evolution of a designed retroaldolase
Authors: Coulther Timothy A. , Pott Moritz , Zeymer Cathleen , Hilvert Donald , Ondrechen Mary Jo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe roles of local interactions in the laboratory evolution of a highly active, computationally designed retroaldolase (RA) are examined. Partial Order Optimum Likelihood (POOL) is used to identify catalytically important amino acid interactions in several RA95 enzyme variants. The series RA95.5, RA95.5–5, RA95.5–8, and RA95.5–8F, representing progress along an evolutionary trajectory with increasing activity, is examined. Computed measures of coupling between charged states of residues show that, as evolution proceeds and higher activities are achieved, electrostatic coupling between the biochemically active amino acids and other residues is increased. In silico residue scanning suggests multiple coupling partners for the catalytic lysine K83. The effects of two predicted partners, Y51 and E85, are tested using site‐directed mutagenesis and kinetic analysis of the variants Y51F and E85Q. The Y51F variants show decreases in kcat relative to wild type, with the greatest losses observed for the more evolved constructs; they also exhibit significant decreases in kcat/KM across the series. Only modest decreases in kcat/KM are observed for the E85Q variants with little effect on kcat. Computed metrics of the degree of coupling between protonation states rise significantly as evolution proceeds and catalytic turnover rate increases. Specifically, the charge state of the catalytic lysine K83 becomes more strongly coupled to those of other amino acids as the enzyme evolves to a better catalyst.
Block iterative correction in strongly coupled data assimilation
Authors: Yaremchuk Max , Beattie Christopher , Frolov Sergey 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ongoing transition to coupled data assimilation (DA) systems encounters substantial technical difficulties associated with the need to merge together different elements of atmospheric and ocean DA systems that typically have had independent development paths for decades. In this study, we consider the incorporation of strong coupling in the observation space via successive corrections that involve the application of only uncoupled solvers to a sequence of innovation vectors. The coupled increment is then obtained by projecting a coupled innovation vector on the grid using coupled ensemble correlations. The proposed approach is motivated by the classic block Jacobi matrix iteration applied to the coupled system using the uncoupled solvers as a preconditioner. The method is tested via numerical experiments with the CERA ensemble in a simplified setting.
Short‐range correlation energy of the relativistic homogeneous electron gas
Authors: Paquier Julien , Toulouse Julien 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe construct the complementary short‐range correlation relativistic local‐density‐approximation functional to be used in relativistic range‐separated density‐functional theory based on a Dirac‐Coulomb Hamiltonian in the no‐pair approximation. For this, we perform relativistic random‐phase‐approximation calculations of the correlation energy of the relativistic homogeneous electron gas with a modified electron–electron interaction, we study the high‐density behavior, and fit the results to a parametrized expression. The obtained functional should eventually be useful for electronic‐structure calculations of strongly correlated systems containing heavy elements.
3D Printing Temperature Tailors Electrical and Electrochemical Properties through Changing Inner Distribution of Graphite/Polymer
Authors: Iffelsberger Christian , Jellett Cameron W. , Pumera Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe rise of 3D printing technology, with fused deposition modeling as one of the simplest and most widely used techniques, has empowered an increasing interest for composite filaments, providing additional functionality to 3D‐printed components. For future applications, like electrochemical energy storage, energy conversion, and sensing, the tuning of the electrochemical properties of the filament and its characterization is of eminent importance to improve the performance of 3D‐printed devices. In this work, customized conductive graphite/poly(lactic acid) filament with a percentage of graphite filler close to the conductivity percolation limit is fabricated and 3D‐printed into electrochemical devices. Detailed scanning electrochemical microscopy investigations demonstrate that 3D‐printing temperature has a dramatic effect on the conductivity and electrochemical performance due to a changed conducive filler/polymer distribution. This may allow, e.g., 3D printing of active/inactive parts of the same structure from the same filament when changing the 3D printing nozzle temperature. These tailored properties can have profound influence on the application of these 3D‐printed composites, which can lead to a dramatically different functionality of the final electrical, electrochemical, and energy storage device.
Grafted Starch Foam Stabilizer ESt‐g‐NAA for High‐Temperature Resistant CGA Drilling Fluid via Inverse Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Zhu Wenxi , Zheng Xiuhua , Shi Jingjing , Wang Yifan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractColloidal gas aphron (CGA) drilling fluid is an environmentally friendly near‐balanced drilling technology that has been successfully applied to depleted oil/gas reservoirs. To overcome the limitations of its application in high‐temperature drilling, acrylamide (AM), 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), and N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) are grafted onto starch via inverse emulsion polymerization, and a foam stabilizer ESt‐g‐NAA with a temperature resistance of ≥150 °C is synthesized. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) analysis suggest that all monomers are grafted onto starch efficiently. ESt‐g‐NAA has good solubility and thermal stability, as well as an excellent ability to stabilize foams at high temperatures. Based on microscopic observation, stable aphrons are generated successfully in the CGA drilling fluid prepared by ESt‐g‐NAA and surfactant after 150 °C aged. Results show that ESt‐g‐NAA based CGA drilling fluid aged at appointed temperatures (120–180 °C) is a high‐performance drilling fluid with shear‐thinning behavior, extremely high values of low shear rate viscosity (LSRV), and well‐building capabilities.
Disposal of unused antibiotics as household waste: A social driver of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Sharma Manisha , Kumar Kapil , Dubey Kashyap Kumar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlobally, antibiotics’ consumption has been worrisome and immediate attention is required. Unused and expired antibiotics are continuously disposed of as household waste in sewage wastewater, which acts as social driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A questionnaire‐based survey was conducted to identify the scale of consumption and methods of disposal used for unused/expired antibiotics. Two groups were selected based on the knowledge of usage and misuse of antibiotics, and the response was collected. Every respondent had taken at least one antibiotic, and many of them consumed without any cause that is, 72.3% in fever and 57.8% in cold. The antibiotic course completion percentage was very poor (23% and 40% for Groups 1 and 2, respectively) and ∼75% of respondents just throw the unused/expired antibiotics, while only 2–3% went for safe/other methods of disposal. Perhaps, this direct disposal of antibiotics in the environment may be one of the contributors to AMR. The present study suggests that public awareness regarding the use of prescribed antibiotics, completion of the course, and knowledge of the safe disposal of unused/expired antibiotics will be a good strategy to combat AMR.
Food security challenges for Pakistan during COVID‐19 pandemic: An overview of the response plan
Authors: Ubaid‐ur‐Rehman Hafiz , Asghar Waqas , Khalid Nauman 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has imparted a significant impact on the global economic conditions. The food security status in the developing and under‐developed countries is getting worse with the progression of the pandemic. According to the World Food Program (WFP), 271.8 million people were acutely food insecure due to the destructive impact of COVID‐19 pandemic across the world. Similarly, around 20%–30% population of Pakistan, that is, 40–62 million people, has been suffering from acute food insecurity due to the pandemic, and other socio‐economic and environmental/climatic issues. The highly vulnerable groups include daily wage class, refugees, and people living in drought‐affected areas, locust‐affected areas and areas with winterized emergency. The COVID‐19 response plan of Pakistan aimed at improving the food security situation and protecting the livelihood of the demographic groups highly vulnerable to the COVID‐19 pandemic through defining the implementing the policy for ensuring the uninterrupted food production and supply chain, integrating the food production system into the COVID‐19 relief packages, adopting innovative practices to enhance the functionality of food supply chain market, and treatment of acutely malnourished and groups affected by food insecurity. Accordingly, this opinion‐based article reports the food security challenges faced in Pakistan in the COVID‐19 era and explicates the government policies for stabilizing the functionality of agri‐food systems in Pakistan.
Phase transitions in GLSMs and defects
Authors: Brunner Ilka , Klos Fabian , Roggenkamp Daniel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we construct defects (domain walls) that connect different phases of two-dimensional gauged linear sigma models (GLSMs), as well as defects that embed those phases into the GLSMs. Via their action on boundary conditions these defects give rise to functors between the D-brane categories, which respectively describe the transport of D-branes between different phases, and embed the D-brane categories of the phases into the category of D-branes of the GLSMs.
Study of an Elliptic Partial Differential Equation Modeling the Ocean Flow in Arctic Gyres
Authors: Haziot Susanna V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study the ocean flow in Arctic gyres using a recent model for gyres derived in spherical coordinates on the rotating sphere. By projecting this model onto the plane using the Mercator projection, we obtain a semi-linear elliptic partial differential equation in an unbounded domain, difficulty which is then overcome by projecting the PDE onto the unit disk via a conformal map. We then study existence, regularity and uniqueness of solutions for constant and linear vorticity functions.
MULTIPLE FLAG IND-VARIETIES WITH FINITELY MANY ORBITS
Authors: FRESSE LUCAS , PENKOV IVAN 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLet G be one of the ind-groups GL(∞), O(∞), Sp(∞), and let P1, ..., Pℓ be an arbitrary set of ℓ splitting parabolic subgroups of G. We determine all such sets with the property that G acts with finitely many orbits on the ind-variety X1 × × Xℓ where Xi = G/Pi. In the case of a finite-dimensional classical linear algebraic group G, the analogous problem has been solved in a sequence of papers of Littelmann, Magyar–Weyman–Zelevinsky and Matsuki. An essential difference from the finite-dimensional case is that already for ℓ = 2, the condition that G acts on X1 × X2 with finitely many orbits is a rather restrictive condition on the pair P1, P2. We describe this condition explicitly. Using the description we tackle the most interesting case where ℓ = 3, and present the answer in the form of a table. For ℓ ≥ 4 there always are infinitely many G-orbits on X1 × × Xℓ.
Reversible Pebble Games and the Relation Between Tree-Like and General Resolution Space
Authors: Torán Jacobo , Wörz Florian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe show a new connection between the clause space measure in tree-like resolution and the reversible pebble game on graphs.
Using this connection, we provide several formula classes for which there is a logarithmic factor separation between the clause space complexity measure in tree-like and general resolution.
We also provide upper bounds
for tree-like resolution clause space in terms of general resolution
clause and variable space. In particular, we show that for
any formula F, its tree-like resolution clause space is upper bounded
by space$$(\pi)$$

(
π
)

$$(\log({\rm time}(\pi))$$

(
log
(
time
(
π
)
)

, where $$\pi$$
π
is any general resolution refutation of F. This holds considering as space$$(\pi)$$

(
π
)

the clause space of the refutation as well as considering its variable space. For the concrete case of Tseitin formulas, we are able to improve this bound to the optimal bound space$$(\pi)\log n$$

(
π
)
log
n

, where n is the number of vertices of the corresponding graph
CAR-T-Zell-Therapie beim multiplen Myelom
Authors: Zhou X. , Einsele H. , Danhof S. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung mit CAR-T-Zellen (CAR chimärer Antigenrezeptor) ist eine neuartige Strategie der zellulären Immuntherapie, die das patienteneigene Immunsystem als „Waffe gegen Tumorzellen“ benutzt. Bei Patienten mit multiplem Myelom werden CAR-T-Zell-Therapien im Rahmen klinischer Studien getestet. Die aktuellen Studiendaten der gegen das „B-cell maturation antigen“ (BCMA) gerichteten CAR-T-Zell-Therapien zeigen eine beachtliche Wirksamkeit, die eine baldige Zulassung erwarten lässt. Allerdings erleiden weiterhin die meisten Patienten nach einer Behandlung mit CAR-T-Zellen ein Rezidiv. Hinzu kommt, dass CAR-T-Zell-Therapien zu schwerwiegenden Nebenwirkungen wie Zytokinfreisetzungssyndrom und Neurotoxizität mit teilweise auch letalem Ausgang führen können. Ein angemessenes Kosten-Nutzen-Verhältnis der CAR-T-Zell-Therapie stellt eine weitere Herausforderung dar. Trotz dieser Limitationen erscheint die CAR-T-Zell-Therapie eine attraktive Option für Patienten mit Myelom, sodass diese Therapie das Potenzial hat, in die Standardbehandlung integriert zu werden.
Deutlich erhöhte Sterberate bei Kindern von Eltern mit Konsum von illegalen, harten Drogen
Authors: Verjans E. , Fabry U. , Wagner N. 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
In Deutschland leben mindestens 60.000 Kinder in drogenbelasteten Familien und damit im Milieu der Drogensubkultur, das oft mit Gewalt, Beschaffungskriminalität und Prostitution verbunden ist. Diese Kinder weisen eine höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit auf, Opfer oder Zeuge häuslicher Gewalt zu werden. In den letzten 30 Jahren sind jedoch keine systematischen Studien erfolgt, die kindliche Todesfälle bei elterlichem illegalen, harten Drogenabusus analysierten.

Ziel der Arbeit
Untersucht wurde, inwieweit der Gebrauch illegaler, harter Drogen durch die Eltern mit dem Tod oder schwerster Schädigung des Kindes assoziiert ist.

Material und Methoden
In der retrospektiven Kohortenstudie wurden vom 01.08.2013 bis zum 01.08.2019 alle Neuaufnahmen in der Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin des Uniklinikums Aachens analysiert. Patienten (Alter 0 bis 18 Jahre), bei denen mindestens ein Elternteil einen Drogenabusus (außer Alkohol und Medikamenten) aufwies und dieser vermutlich unmittelbar zur akuten Lebensbedrohung des Kindes geführt bzw. dessen Tod verursacht hatte, wurden identifiziert.

Ergebnisse
Unter 29.141 stationären Aufnahmen entsprachen 5 Fälle den Einschlusskriterien, hiervon 3 Fälle mit Todesfolge, ein Fall mit schwerer psychomotorischer Beeinträchtigung nach der Tat unter Drogeneinfluss und ein Fall, bei dem die akute Gefährdung abgewendet werden konnte. Die Sterbewahrscheinlichkeit für Kinder von Eltern, die illegale, harte Drogen konsumieren, war 10-fach höher als in der Kontrollgruppe.

Schlussfolgerung
Der Gebrauch illegaler, harter Drogen durch die Eltern stellt v. a. in der Altersklasse von 0 bis 5 Jahren einen relevanten Risikofaktor der Kindeswohlgefährdung mit schwersten Folgen bis zum Tod dar und führt zu einer deutlich erhöhten Todeswahrscheinlichkeit.
Standards bei der Anwendung der fiberendoskopischen Schluckuntersuchung in Deutschland
Authors: Wehner A. , Schumann-Werner B. , Fimm B. , Mall B. , Werner C. J. 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die fiberendoskopische Schluckuntersuchung („fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing“, FEES) gilt als ein unverzichtbares instrumentelles Verfahren im Management schluckgestörter Patienten. Das eingeführte Ausbildungscurriculum hat das Ziel, die Qualitätsstandards zu erhöhen und zu einer Aufwertung des Verfahrens beizutragen.

Fragestellung
Die Studie untersucht, inwieweit eine standardisierte Durchführung, Auswertung und Dokumentation der FEES in Deutschland nach Einführung des Curriculums stattfindet.

Material und Methoden
Insgesamt 603 neurologische und geriatrische Kliniken in Deutschland wurden mithilfe eines Onlinefragebogens bezüglich struktureller Merkmale und deren Ablauf der Untersuchung befragt.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt 190 Institutionen führten die Befragung vollständig durch. 43,31 % der Institutionen haben erst seit der Publikation des Curriculums die FEES implementiert. Die praktische Anwendung findet vermehrt durch Mediziner statt (59 %), das Schreiben des Befundes und die Kostempfehlung durch Logopäden (62 % und 83 %). Mit erhöhtem Ausbildungsgrad steigt die praktische Anwendung durch Logopäden. Die Durchführung weist trotz der Orientierung am Standardprotokoll nach Langmore besonders in Bezug auf die Durchführung der anatomisch-physiologischen Untersuchung, die verabreichten Konsistenzen und Nahrungsmittel und das Scoring schluckrelevanter Parameter Unterschiedlichkeiten auf.

Diskussion
Die Einführung des Curriculums hat zur Aufwertung der FEES und zu einer Stärkung der Logopädie als durchführende Berufsgruppe geführt. Zum jetzigen Stand liegt ein in wesentlichen Aspekten homogener Ablauf der Untersuchung vor, der jedoch Bedarf nach weiterer Vereinheitlichung zeigt. Das FEES-Curriculum könnte als Steuerungsinstrument zur weiteren Standardisierung verwendet werden.
Impact of a fermented soy beverage supplemented with acerola by-product on the gut microbiota from lean and obese subjects using an in vitro model of the human colon
Authors: Vieira Antonio Diogo Silva , de Souza Carlota Bussolo , Padilha Marina , Zoetendal Erwin Gerard , Smidt Hauke , Saad Susana Marta Isay , Venema Koen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soy-based beverages manufactured with water-soluble soy extract, containing probiotic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium longum BB-46) and/or acerola by-product (ABP) on pooled faecal microbiota obtained from lean and obese donors. Four fermented soy beverages (FSs) (“placebo” (FS-Pla), probiotic (FS-Pro), prebiotic (FS-Pre), and synbiotic (FS-Syn)) were subjected to in vitro digestion, followed by inoculation in the TIM-2 system, a dynamic in vitro model that mimics the conditions of the human colon. Short- and branched-chain fatty acids (SCFA and BCFA) and microbiota composition were determined. Upon colonic fermentation in the presence of the different FSs formulations, acetic and lactic acid production was higher than the control treatment for faecal microbiota from lean individuals (FMLI). Additionally, SCFA production by the FMLI was higher than for the faecal microbiota from obese individuals (FMOI). Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. populations increased during simulated colonic fermentation in the presence of FS-Syn in the FMLI and FMOI. FS formulations also changed the composition of the FMOI, resulting in a profile more similar to the FMLI. The changes in the composition and the increase in SCFA production observed for the FMLI and FMOI during these in vitro fermentations suggest a potential modulation effect of these microbiotas by the consumption of functional FSs.

Graphical abstract

Key points
• Soy beverages increased Bifidobacterium abundance in microbiota from obese individuals.
• The synbiotic beverage increased Bifidobacterium abundance in microbiota from lean individuals.
• The synbiotic beverage changed the microbiota from obese individuals, approaching the lean profiles.