bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Next steps after 15 stimulating years of human gut microbiome research
Authors: Clavel Thomas , Horz Hans‐Peter , Segata Nicola , Vehreschild Maria 
Published: November 2021

SummaryGut microbiome research has bloomed over the past 15 years. We have learnt a lot about the complex microbial communities that colonize our intestine. Promising avenues of research and microbiome‐based applications are being implemented, with the goal of sustaining host health and applying personalized disease management strategies. Despite this exciting outlook, many fundamental questions about enteric microbial ecosystems remain to be answered. Organizational measures will also need to be taken to optimize the outcome of discoveries happening at an extremely rapid pace. This article highlights our own view of the field and perspectives for the next 15 years.
Icaritin alleviates docetaxel‐induced skin injury by suppressing reactive oxygen species via estrogen receptors
Authors: Zou Jie , Xu Meng‐Xia , Li Fang , Wang Yu‐Hao , Li Xiao‐Qian , Yu Dao‐Jiang , Ma Yi‐Jia , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Sun Xiao‐Dong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDocetaxel (DTX) exhibits antitumor effects against breast cancer by stabilizing microtubules and increasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). DTX extravasation during infusion often causes skin injury. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of icaritin (ICT) on DTX‐induced skin injury.MethodsThe effects of ICT on the viability and apoptosis of HaCaT cells were measured by SRB assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Endogenous LC3 puncta and microtubules were determined by immunofluorescence. The number of mitochondria was measured by MitoTracker orange staining. ROS were determined by dihydroethidium staining. The expression of markers of ROS and autophagy were measured by western blotting. Chloroquine, compound D, and tamoxifen were employed as the inhibitor for autophagy and AMPK, estrogen receptors (ERs) modulator, respectively.ResultsDTX inhibited the viability and decreased apoptosis of HaCaT cells, which can be rescued by ICT. ICT decreased microtubule bundles, increased the number of mitochondria, and attenuated ROS of HaCaT cells induced by DTX. ICT blocks autophagy and the autophagic flux. Compound C or tamoxifen diminished the protection effects of ICT on DTX‐treated HaCaT cells.ConclusionICT alleviates DTX‐induced skin injury by suppressing ROS, reducing microtubule bundles, and blocking autophagy via ERs. Our study indicated that ICT may be a potential candidate for DTX‐induced skin injury.
A laboratory study of the effects of men's acute alcohol intoxication, perceptions of women's intoxication, and masculine gender role stress on the perpetration of sexual aggression
Authors: Leone Ruschelle M. , Haikalis Michelle , Parrott Dominic J. , Teten Tharp Andra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough research has established an association between alcohol use and sexual assault, few studies have examined how characteristics of the perpetrator may influence sexual aggression depending upon whether alcohol is consumed by the perpetrator and/or the victim. This laboratory‐based investigation was designed to disentangle the effects of individual differences in masculine gender role stress (MGRS) and the perpetration of sexual aggression as a function of (1) men's acute alcohol intoxication and (2) whether a woman was consuming alcohol or not.MethodA community sample of 156 men participated in two laboratory sessions, during which they completed a self‐report measure of MGRS (Session 1) and a modified version of the sexual imposition paradigm after consuming an alcoholic or non‐alcoholic beverage (Session 2). In this paradigm, participants and a male friend were told that an ostensible female participant had consumed or not consumed alcohol. They were also told that she did not wish to view sexual content. Participants were then provided the opportunity to make the female confederate view a sexually or non‐sexually explicit film. Sexual aggression was operationalized by selection of the sexually explicit film.ResultsA hierarchical logistic regression showed that men higher in MGRS who were intoxicated were (1) more likely than sober men to select the sexually explicit film when the woman was intoxicated and (2) less likely than sober men to select the sexually explicit film when the woman was sober.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the perpetration of sexual aggression is most likely among men with higher MGRS when there is concordance in drinking (i.e., when either the man and woman are both drinking or are both not drinking).
Cumulative sociodemographic disadvantage partially mediates associations between childhood trauma and schizotypy
Authors: Tonini Emiliana , Quidé Yann , Whitford Thomas J. , Green Melissa J. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesRisk for psychosis in the general population is characterized by a set of multidimensional traits that are referred to as schizotypy. Higher levels of schizotypy are associated with socioeconomic disadvantage and childhood trauma, just as these risk factors are associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Here, we set out to investigate whether cumulative sociodemographic disadvantage mediates associations between childhood trauma and schizotypy in adulthood.MethodsA sociodemographic cumulative risk (SDCR) score was derived from six risk indices spanning employment, education, income, socioeconomic status, marital, and living circumstances for 197 participants that included both healthy (n = 57) and clinical samples with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (n = 65) or bipolar disorder (n = 75). A series of multiple linear regressions was used to examine the direct and indirect associations among childhood trauma (measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), the SDCR index, and levels of schizotypy (measured with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire).ResultsSchizotypy was independently associated with trauma and the SDCR index. In addition, the SDCR index partially mediated associations between trauma and schizotypy.ConclusionsThese findings in a mixed sample of healthy and clinical participants represent the full spectrum of schizotypy across health and illness and suggest that effects of childhood trauma on schizotypal personality organization may operate via cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage in adulthood.Practitioner points

The strong associations between trauma and schizotypy suggest that systematic health screening of children exposed to early life trauma may assist to identify those at risk of developing psychosis.

Clinicians should pay attention to various indicators of sociodemographic disadvantage in patients prone to psychosis, in addition to any exposure to trauma during childhood.
Systematic review on the association between genetic polymorphisms and dental implant‐related biological complications
Authors: Dereka Xanthippi , Akcalı Aliye , Trullenque‐Eriksson Anna , Donos Nikolaos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the association between specific genetic polymorphisms and dental implant‐related biological complications in patients having a follow‐up period of at least 12‐months post‐loading.Material and methodsA sensitive search strategy was developed to identify implant‐related genetic‐association studies. This was performed by searching five databases. A three‐stage screening (titles, abstract, full text) was carried out in duplicate and independently by two reviewers. Assessment was carried out according to the suggested scale for quality assessment of periodontal genetic‐association studies and adapted to genetic analyses of implant‐related studies leading to an overall final score 0–20 based on the summation of positive answers.ResultsThe initial search resulted in 1838 articles. Sixty‐seven full‐text articles were assessed for eligibility and four studies met the defined inclusion criteria. IL‐6 G174C, TNF‐α ‐308, IL‐1A‐889 and IL‐1B+3954 and CD14‐159 C/T polymorphisms were evaluated. The quality assessment scores ranged from 6 to 11 positive answers from out of a maximum score of 20. The great heterogeneity among the studies did not allow a meta‐analysis.ConclusionsThe published evidence on genetic predisposition and implant biologic complications is limited. The small number of identified studies evaluating the association between genetic polymorphisms and peri‐implant disease presented methodological and reporting inadequacies. Thus, the potential link between genetic polymorphisms and biological complications should be further investigated and clarified through well‐designed clinical studies on adequately powered and appropriately included study populations.
The role of hypoxia in stem cell regulation of the central nervous system: From embryonic development to adult proliferation
Authors: Li Gaifen , Liu Jia , Guan Yuying , Ji Xunming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHypoxia is involved in the regulation of various cell functions in the body, including the regulation of stem cells. The hypoxic microenvironment is indispensable from embryonic development to the regeneration and repair of adult cells. In addition to embryonic stem cells, which need to maintain their self‐renewal properties and pluripotency in a hypoxic environment, adult stem cells, including neural stem cells (NSCs), also exist in a hypoxic microenvironment. The subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) are the main sites of adult neurogenesis in the brain. Hypoxia can promote the proliferation, migration, and maturation of NSCs in these regions. Also, because most neurons in the brain are non‐regenerative, stem cell transplantation is considered as a promising strategy for treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Hypoxic treatment also increases the effectiveness of stem cell therapy. In this review, we firstly describe the role of hypoxia in different stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells, NSCs, and induced pluripotent stem cells, and discuss the role of hypoxia‐treated stem cells in CNS diseases treatment. Furthermore, we highlight the role and mechanisms of hypoxia in regulating adult neurogenesis in the SVZ and DG and adult proliferation of other cells in the CNS.
Characterizing mild cognitive impairment in prodromal Parkinson’s disease: A community‐based study in China
Authors: Pan Chenxi , Li Yuqian , Ren Jingru , Li Lanting , Huang Peiyu , Xu Pingyi , Zhang Li , Zhang Wenbing , Zhang Min‐Ming , Chen Jiu , Liu Weiguo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) has published research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease (pPD), which includes cognitive impairment as a prodromal marker. However, the clinical features of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in pPD remain unknown. Our study aimed to evaluate the frequency and clinical features of mild cognitive impairment of pPD in the elderly in China.MethodsThe cross‐sectional community‐based study recruited 2688 participants aged ≥50 years. Subjects were diagnosed with pPD according to the MDS criteria. Overall, 39 pPD and 22 healthy controls underwent comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological assessment. MCI was also diagnosed by the MDS criteria. Next, we investigated the relationship between clinical factors and cognition.ResultsAmong the 2,663 dementia‐free and Parkinson disease (PD)‐free participants, 55 met the criteria for pPD (2.1%) and 23 pPD met the criteria for MCI. Memory, attention/working memory, and executive function were the most frequent impaired domains, and amnestic MCI multidomain phenotype was the most frequent MCI subtype (69.57%) in pPD. Additionally, correlation analysis revealed that the global cognitive performance was negatively related to UPDRS‐III score (r = −0.456, p = 0.004).ConclusionMCI, specifically impairment in memory, attention/working memory, and executive domain, is present at the prodromal stage of PD. In addition, cognitive performance is correlated with motor symptoms in pPD. Our results reflect that cognitive profile, combined with motor symptoms, can help clinicians to identify individuals with pPD early, as those would be the optimal candidates for neuroprotective therapy.
Preconception diabetes remission, a viable approach to reduce pregnancy risks in women with recent diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes: Case report and clinical discussion
Authors: Halpern Bruno , Pepe Renata Bressan 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe prevalence of women diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) at fertile age has been increasing over the last few decades, and pregnancy with T2D is associated with increased maternal and foetal risks. In the last few years, studies have shown that focusing on aggressive weight loss in individuals recently diagnosed with T2D can lead to diabetes remission. Here, we present a case report of a woman who achieved diabetes remission after massive weight loss and had an uncomplicated pregnancy. Diabetes remission before pregnancy could be offered to motivated women with T2D as a safe way to reduce the risks of pregnancy. As a plausible hypothesis, dedicated studies are warranted to demonstrate if this approach can lead to reduced adverse maternal and foetal outcomes.
Development of a weight bias reduction intervention for third‐year nursing students
Authors: Oliver Tracy L. , Qi Bing‐Bing , Diewald Lisa K. , Shenkman Rebecca , Kaufmann Peter G. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryTo explore whether case‐based learning will enhance a weight bias reduction (WBR) programme among nursing students to improve their attitudes and beliefs towards persons with obesity. A cluster‐randomized controlled trial (CRT) among 13 medical‐surgical clinical practicum groups consisting of six to eight third‐year baccalaureate nursing students was conducted to compare a WBR training enhanced by case‐based learning (WBR‐I, n = 7) with a standard WBR control group (n = 6). All participants completed the Attitudes Towards Obese Persons (ATOP) and Beliefs About Obese Persons (BAOP) questionnaires before the randomized assignment and at the end of the 14‐week semester. The BAOP scores of participants in the WBR‐I group were significantly improved compared to controls (26.68 ± 7.85 and 22.93 ± 2.80, respectively; F = 18.23; p = .001 (<.01) indicating improved beliefs about the controllability of obesity. There were no significant changes to attitudes about individuals with obesity, as indicated by the ATOP scores. The findings of this pilot study suggest that a more intensive WBR programme that includes case‐based learning scenarios that elicit critical thinking coupled with a standard WBR programme may reduce some aspects of weight bias.
Liver stiffness and prediction of cardiac outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Panchani Nishah , Schulz Philipp , Van Zyl Johanna , Felius Joost , Baxter Ronald , Yoon Eun Taek , Baldawi Harith , Bindra Amarinder , Asrani Sumeet K 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), noninvasive markers that predict morbidity and mortality are limited. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) increases with hepatic fibrosis; however, it may be falsely elevated in patients with ADHF in the absence of liver disease. We investigated whether elevated LSM predicts cardiac outcomes in ADHF.MethodsIn a prospective study, we examined 52 ADHF patients without liver disease between 2016 and 2017. Patients underwent liver 2D shear wave elastography (SWE) and were followed for 12 months to assess the outcomes of left ventricular assist device (LVAD), heart transplant (HT) or death.ResultsThe median LSM was elevated in patients who received an LVAD or HT within 30‐days compared to those who did not (median [IQR]: 55.6 [22.5 – 63.4] vs 13.8 [9.5 – 40.3] kPa, p = .049). Moreover, the risk of composite outcome was highest in the 3rd tertile (> 39.8 kPa compared to 1st and 2nd combined, HR 2.83, 95% CI 1.20‐ 6.67, p = .02). Each 1‐kPa increase in LSM was associated with a 1%‐increase in the incidence rate of readmissions (IRR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00‐1.02, p = .01).ConclusionsLSM may serve as a novel noninvasive tool to determine LVAD, HT, or death in patients with ADHF.
Directed movement changes coexistence outcomes in heterogeneous environments
Authors: Zhang Bo , Lam King‐Yeung , Ni Wei‐Ming , Signorelli Rossana , Collins Kevin M. , Fu Zhiyuan , Zhai Lu , Lou Yuan , DeAngelis Donald L. , Hastings Alan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding mechanisms of coexistence is a central topic in ecology. Mathematical analysis of models of competition between two identical species moving at different rates of symmetric diffusion in heterogeneous environments show that the slower mover excludes the faster one. The models have not been tested empirically and lack inclusions of a component of directed movement toward favourable areas. To address these gaps, we extended previous theory by explicitly including exploitable resource dynamics and directed movement. We tested the mathematical results experimentally using laboratory populations of the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results not only support the previous theory that the species diffusing at a slower rate prevails in heterogeneous environments but also reveal that moderate levels of a directed movement component on top of the diffusive movement allow species to coexist. Our results broaden the theory of species coexistence in heterogeneous space and provide empirical confirmation of the mathematical predictions.
Effect of blood pressure variability in the randomized controlled BP TARGET trial
Authors: Maïer Benjamin , Gory Benjamin , Lapergue Bertrand , Sibon Igor , Escalard Simon , Kyheng Maeva , Labreuche Julien , de Havenon Adam , Petersen Nils , Anadani Mohammad , Gayat Etienne , Boursin Perrine , Ben Maacha Malek , Desilles Jean‐Philippe , Blanc Raphael , Piotin Michel , Halimi Jean‐Michel , Mazighi Mikael ,   BP TARGET Investigators
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe Blood Pressure Target in Acute Ischemic Stroke to Reduce Hemorrhage After Endovascular Therapy (BP TARGET) trial evaluated whether an intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) target resulted in reduced rates of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after successful endovascular therapy (EVT) but did not assess the effect of blood pressure variability (BPV) on functional outcomes and ICH occurrence. We sought to evaluate this question in the BP TARGET trial.MethodsWe performed a post hoc analysis of the BP TARGET trial and included patients with at least 50% of blood pressure (BP) recordings during the first 24 h after EVT. BPV parameters were SBP and diastolic BP (DBP) coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation (SD), maximum–minimum (max–min), successive variation (SV), and time rate. The primary outcome was favorable functional outcome (3‐month modified Rankin Scale between 0 and 2); the secondary outcome was the rate of ICH at 24 h.ResultsWe included 290 patients (mean number of BP measures = 30.4, SD = 8.0). BPV parameters (SBPSD, SBPmax–min, SBPCV) were higher in the intensive SBP target group. Only DBP BPV parameters were associated with worse functional outcomes in the unadjusted model (DBPSD, DBPmax–min, DBPCV, and DBPSV), but not after adjustment. Higher SBPmax–min was associated with worse functional outcomes in Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2B patients (odds ratio [OR] = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.38–1.02), but not in patients with complete reperfusion (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.80–2.02, p for heterogeneity (phet=0.037). None of the BPV parameters was associated with ICH, regardless of the randomization group or the reperfusion grade.ConclusionsBPV was significantly higher in the intensive SBP target group but was not associated with functional outcome or ICH.
Inherit the kingdom or storm the castle? Breeding strategies in a social carnivore
Authors: Ausband David E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBreeding opportunities are inherently limited for animals that live and breed in groups. Turnover in breeding positions can have marked effects on groups of cooperative breeders, particularly social carnivores. We generally know little about how breeding vacancies are filled in social carnivores and what factors might influence an individual's ability to successfully fill a vacancy. I used a long‐term (11 years) genetic dataset from gray wolves to ask whether breeding vacancies were filled by individuals from within groups or by adoptees (i.e., adult animals immigrating into the group) from outside the group. Males were three times more likely than females to be adopted into breeding positions outside their group. Females typically inherited breeding positions within their natal groups (80%, n = 20), while males obtained breeding positions outside their group (76%, n = 17). Group size did not influence whether a breeding vacancy was filled by an adoptee or inherited by an individual from within the group. Prior to adoption, genetic relatedness was 30% higher in groups when females were adopted into breeding positions compared to when they inherited breeding positions from within groups. Thus, genetic relatedness within groups appears to play a role in whether females are adopted into groups or not. Because of their strong reliance on dispersal to secure a breeding position, male wolves appear to be the couriers of genetic diversity in populations of gray wolves. Many states in the United States have recently implemented hunting and trapping seasons for gray wolves. If dispersing male wolves are disproportionately harvested, genetic connectivity and diversity in populations may be affected.
On the kinetic formulation of fracture fatigue entropy of metals
Authors: Moghanlou Mohammad Rouhi , Khonsari M. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe kinetic concept of the strength of solids is used to determine the fatigue life of stress‐controlled cyclic loading and evaluate the fracture fatigue entropy. Unlike the traditional stress or strain‐based models, this theory uses the applied stress amplitude and the specimen's surface temperature to determine the lifetime. The degradation fraction in each cycle is used to calculate the life cycle. Then the material parameters of the final life equation are obtained for two materials: low carbon steel 1018 and aluminum 7075‐T6. The number of cycles to fracture and the cyclic plastic strain energy (
) are used to calculate the fracture fatigue entropy (FFE). It is shown that the life cycle prediction of the proposed model agrees well with the experimental results from the literature. Results provide further evidence for the constancy of FFE.