bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of nitric oxide production under alkaline conditions regulates iron homeostasis in rice
Authors: Li Hao , Chen Haifei , Deng Suren , Cai Hongmei , Shi Lei , Xu Fangsen , Wang Chuang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRice is one of the most susceptible plants to iron (Fe) deficiency under neutral and alkaline conditions. Alkaline stress induces H2O2 production and increases the deposition of Fe on the root surface, which causes leaf chlorosis and Fe deficiency in rice. Gene chip and qRT‐PCR analysis indicated that the expression of the nitrate reductase (NR) genes were downregulated by alkaline treatment, which resulted in significantly decreased nitrate activity and nitric oxide (NO) production in the epidermis and stele, where H2O2 accumulated. In contrast, treatment with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, strongly alleviated alkaline‐induced Fe deficiency by limiting Fe plaque formation. Increasing the NO signal significantly reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and the lignin barrier but enhanced phenolic acid secretion in the root epidermis and stele under alkaline conditions. The secreted phenolic acid effectively mobilized the apoplast Fe and increased Fe uptake in roots, thereby alleviating the Fe‐deficiency response and downregulating the expressions of Fe‐uptake genes under alkaline conditions. In conclusion, alkaline stress inhibits NR activity and NO production in the roots of rice, which play vital roles in the mobilization of the apoplast Fe by regulation of H2O2 and phenolic acid concentrations.
Dew absorption by leaf trichomes in Caragana korshinskii: An alternative water acquisition strategy for withstanding drought in arid environments
Authors: Waseem Muhammad , Nie Zheng‐Fei , Yao Guang‐Qian , Hasan Mahadi , Xiang Yun , Fang Xiang‐Wen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInvestigating plant morphological traits can provide insights into plant drought tolerance. To date, many papers have focused on plant hydraulic responses to drought during dehydration, but atmospheric water absorption by trichomes to mitigate drought stress by influencing leaf hydraulics in plant species that inhabit arid environments has been largely ignored. The experiment in this study was designed to assess how dew absorbed by leaf trichomes helps Caragana korshinskii withstand drought. The results showed that under a drought stress and dew (DS & D) treatment, C. korshinskii displayed a strong capacity to absorb dew with trichomes; exhibited slow decreases in leaf water potential (Ψleaf), leaf hydraulic conductivity (Kleaf), and gas exchange; experienced 50% Kleaf and gas exchange losses at lower relative soil water content levels than plants treated with drought stress and no dew (DS & ND); and experienced 50% Kleaf loss (Kleaf P50) at similar Ψleaf levels as DS & ND plants. Its congener C. sinica, which does not have leaf trichomes, displayed little ability to absorb dew under drought stress and did not show any remarkable improvement in the above parameters under the DS & D treatment. Our results indicated that leaf trichomes are important epidermal dew‐uptake structures that assist in partially sustaining the leaf hydraulic assimilation system, mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress and contribute to the distribution of C. korshinskii in arid environments.
Personalised need of Care in an Ageing Society: The Making of a Prediction Tool Based on Register Data
Authors: Wright Marvin N. , Kusumastuti Sasmita , Mortensen Laust H. , Westendorp Rudi G. J. , Gerds Thomas A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Danish municipalities monitor older persons who are at high risk of declining health and would later need home care services. However, there is no established strategy yet on how to accurately identify those who are at high risk. Therefore, there is great potential to optimise the municipalities’ prevention strategies. Denmark’s comprehensive set of electronic population registers provide longitudinal data that cover individual and household socio-demographics and medical history. Using these data, we developed and applied recurrent neural networks to predict the risk of a need of care services in the future and thus identify individuals who would benefit the most from the municipalities’ prevention strategies. We compared our recurrent neural network model to prediction models based on Cox regression and Fine–Gray regression in terms of calibration and discrimination. Challenges for the prediction modelling were the competing risk of death and the longitudinal information on the registered life course data.
Iterative Alpha Expansion for Estimating Gradient-Sparse Signals from Linear Measurements
Authors: Xu Sheng , Fan Zhou 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe consider estimating a piecewise-constant image, or a gradient-sparse signal on a general graph, from noisy linear measurements. We propose and study an iterative algorithm to minimize a penalized least-squares objective, with a penalty given by the “ℓ0-norm” of the signal’s discrete graph gradient. The method uses a non-convex variant of proximal gradient descent, applying the alpha-expansion procedure to approximate the proximal mapping in each iteration, and using a geometric decay of the penalty parameter across iterations to ensure convergence. Under a cut-restricted isometry property for the measurement design, we prove global recovery guarantees for the estimated signal. For standard Gaussian designs, the required number of measurements is independent of the graph structure, and improves upon worst-case guarantees for total-variation (TV) compressed sensing on the 1-D line and 2-D lattice graphs by polynomial and logarithmic factors respectively. The method empirically yields lower mean-squared recovery error compared with TV regularization in regimes of moderate undersampling and moderate to high signal-to-noise, for several examples of changepoint signals and gradient-sparse phantom images.
Solutions to a phase‐field model for martensitic phase transformations driven by configurational forces
Authors: Wu Fan , Bian Xingzhi , Zhao Lixian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study the existence of weak solutions to an initial‐boundary value problem for a new phase‐field model, which consists of a degenerate parabolic equation coupled to linear elasticity equations. This model is used to describe the evolution of interfaces in elastically deformable solid materials which moves by configurational forces, such as martensitic phase transformations in shape memory alloys. The existence proof is valid only for one‐dimensional case.
Modern coastal tempestite deposition by a non‐local storm: Swell‐generated transport of sand and boulders on Eleuthera, The Bahamas
Authors: Wilson Kat , Mohrig David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the transport conditions of a storm deposit (i.e. tempestite) produced by a non‐local cyclone. Observations and analysis of ‘sand to boulder’ transport and washover deposition in March 2018 at Gaulding Cay Quarry, Eleuthera, The Bahamas, confirm that swell waves can cause coastal change and affect the depositional record >1000 km from the storm centre. Drone video, news reporting, deposit stratigraphy, grain‐size measurements and wave data were all used to define three phases of washover fan construction: an aggradational phase associated with base‐level rise as the quarry filled with water; a progradational phase associated with quasi‐constant base‐level; and fan incision tied to base level fall as discharge through an outlet channel exceeded input discharge by overtopping waves. Washover fan location was controlled by antecedent topography and represented only a fraction of the swell‐impacted coastline. Sand and boulders were transported simultaneously, forming a complex poorly sorted deposit. Drone video, bedrock erosion and sediment‐transport estimates all indicated that overwash exceeded sediment availability. As a result, the measured washover fan was estimated to be an order of magnitude smaller than its potential volume if conditions had been transport‐limited. This study highlights the importance of pre‐event topography and independent measures of event duration on accurately reconstructing storm properties from the sedimentary record, as well as the challenges in reconstructing storm location, and therefore storm intensity and frequency, from sedimentary deposits alone.
The Pursuit of Qualities by Peripheral Latecomers in the Agrofood Sectors: The Case of Erlin Wine Industry in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Liang‐Chih 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUsing the recent emergence of Taiwan's Erlin wine region as the example, this article studies the late development of a given peripheral agrofood sector. Specifically, it proposes an analytical approach that incorporates quality perspectives and the convention theory framework for better accounting for certain quality‐pursuing approaches employed by latecomers in such industries to drive their upgrading and evolution. Through examining the ways in which quality is constructed, regulated and marketed by actors in Taiwan's Erlin region, and how and why they translated specific quality conventions into a local wine system for guiding their production and marketing practices, this article broadens our understandings of the divergent development dynamics within and processes of global agrofood latecomers, especially those in the wine industry. Additionally, as opposed to existing literature's emphases on building technological capabilities for facilitating quality upgrading of agrofood industries, we further suggest that the critical quality tasks for agrofood latecomers also involve the establishment of plural product qualities. As the Erlin case shows, it is through the individual and collective efforts of local actors to explore fluid definitions of wine quality, the late development of a wine industry in a global peripheral context thus was enabled.
Impact and outcomes of primary cytomegalovirus disease in seronegative abdominal solid organ transplant recipients of cytomegalovirus unexposed donors (D‐/R‐)
Authors: Jorgenson Margaret R. , Descourouez Jillian L. , Yang Dou‐Yan , Stalter Lily N. , Leverson Glen E. , Parajuli Sandesh , Mandelbrot Didier A. , Smith Jeannina A. , Redfield Robert R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrimary cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in high‐risk (D+/R‐) abdominal solid organ transplant recipients (aSOTRs) is well described, however, little is known of primary CMV disease in low‐risk (D‐/R‐) patients.MethodsObservational study of adult aSOTRs between 1/1/2009 and 9/1/2019 screened based on serostatus at transplant; D‐/R‐ and D+/R‐ patients were included. Primary objective: Describe epidemiology of primary CMV in D‐/R‐ aSOTRs. Secondary objective: Compare infectious and transplant‐related outcomes of primary CMV disease in the first 90 days (early CMV) between D‐/R‐ and D+/R‐.ResultsOf 782 D‐/R‐ aSOTRs in the study period, 13 developed CMV at any time after transplant to last follow‐up. Of 671 D+/R‐ patients, 186 developed CMV. Early CMV disease was significantly more common in the D‐/R‐ group (54% vs 15.6%, P = .0005) despite populations being similar demographically, including allograft subtype. D‐/R‐ patients with early CMV disease had median viral load >100 000 IU/mL and 42.9% had end‐organ manifestations; 71.4% required hospital admission. Immunosuppressive therapy was adjusted in 100% of patients, there was an approximately 14.3% rate of antiviral resistance and 28.6% had concomitant opportunistic infection. These findings were similar to D+/R‐ patients. There was no difference in risk of rejection or all‐cause mortality associated with early CMV disease, however, graft loss was significantly higher in D‐/R‐.ConclusionD‐/R‐ aSOTRs infrequently develop CMV, however, when it occurs, they present with disease manifestations similar to and graft outcomes inferior to D+/R‐ with CMV. Additionally, the majority of CMV disease in D‐/R‐ occurs in the first 90 days after transplant, suggesting possible donor subclinical infection or transfusion source. The complicated course in D‐/R‐ is likely caused by low clinical suspicion. Awareness of disease severity and aggressive upfront management may promote positive outcomes.
Aethionema arabicum genome annotation using PacBio full‐length transcripts provides a valuable resource for seed dormancy and Brassicaceae evolution research
Authors: Fernandez‐Pozo Noe , Metz Timo , Chandler Jake O. , Gramzow Lydia , Mérai Zsuzsanna , Maumus Florian , Mittelsten Scheid Ortrun , Theißen Günter , Schranz M. Eric , Leubner‐Metzger Gerhard , Rensing Stefan A. 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYAethionema arabicum is an important model plant for Brassicaceae trait evolution, particularly of seed (development, regulation, germination, dormancy) and fruit (development, dehiscence mechanisms) characters. Its genome assembly was recently improved but the gene annotation was not updated. Here, we improved the Ae. arabicum gene annotation using 294 RNA‐seq libraries and 136 307 full‐length PacBio Iso‐seq transcripts, increasing BUSCO completeness by 11.6% and featuring 5606 additional genes. Analysis of orthologs showed a lower number of genes in Ae. arabicum than in other Brassicaceae, which could be partially explained by loss of homeologs derived from the At‐α polyploidization event and by a lower occurrence of tandem duplications after divergence of Aethionema from the other Brassicaceae. Benchmarking of MADS‐box genes identified orthologs of FUL and AGL79 not found in previous versions. Analysis of full‐length transcripts related to ABA‐mediated seed dormancy discovered a conserved isoform of PIF6‐β and antisense transcripts in ABI3, ABI4 and DOG1, among other cases found of different alternative splicing between Turkey and Cyprus ecotypes. The presented data allow alternative splicing mining and proposition of numerous hypotheses to research evolution and functional genomics. Annotation data and sequences are available at the Ae. arabicum DB (https://plantcode.online.uni‐marburg.de/aetar_db).
Presence and short‐term persistence of SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibodies in COVID‐19 convalescent plasma donors
Authors: Annen Kyle , Morrison Thomas E. , DomBourian Melkon G. , McCarthy Mary K. , Huey Leah , Merkel Patricia A. , Andersen Gillian , Schwartz Eileen , Knight Vijaya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn March 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved use of COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) as an investigational new drug for treatment of COVID‐19. Since then, collection of CCP from COVID‐19–recovered patients has been implemented in donor centers nationwide. Childrenʼs Hospital Colorado rapidly put into practice a CCP collection protocol, necessitating development and implementation of assays to evaluate SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in CCP units.Study Design and MethodsWe evaluated 87 units of CCP collected from 36 donors over two to four sequential donations using both antigen‐binding assays for SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleoprotein and spike antigens and a live virus focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT50).ResultsOur data show that the majority of donors (83%) had a FRNT50 titer of at least 80, and 61% had a titer of at least 160, which met the FDAʼs criteria for acceptable CCP units. Additionally, our data indicate that analysis of antibodies to a single SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen is likely to miss a percentage of seroconverters; however, these individuals tend to have neutralizing antibody titers of less than 80. There was considerable variability in the short‐term, sustained antibody response, measured by neutralizing antibody titers, among our donor population.ConclusionThe correlation of neutralizing activity and antigen‐binding assays is necessary to qualify CCP for therapeutic use. Since SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody levels decline in a percentage of donors, and such a decline is not detectable by current qualitative assays implemented in many laboratories, robust, quantitative assays are necessary to evaluate CCP units best suited for therapeutic infusion in COVID‐19 patients.
Adaptations of transfusion systems to the COVID‐19 pandemic in British Columbia, Canada: Early experiences of a large tertiary care center and survey of provincial activities
Authors: McGinnis Eric , Guo Robert J. , Marcon Krista M. , Berry Brian , Coupland Robert , Meneghetti Victor , Morrison Douglas , Onell Rodrigo , Steele Lisa , Trudeau Jacqueline , Wong Michelle , Shih Andrew W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn March 2020, a state of emergency was declared to facilitate organized responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in British Columbia, Canada. Emergency blood management committees (EBMCs) were formed regionally and provincially to coordinate transfusion service activities and responses to possible national blood shortages.Study Design and MethodsWe describe the responses of transfusion services to COVID‐19 in regional health authorities in British Columbia through a collaborative survey, contingency planning meeting minutes, and policy documents, including early trends observed in blood product usage.ResultsEarly strategic response policies were developed locally in collaboration with members of the provincial EBMC and focused on three key areas: utilization management strategies, stakeholder engagement (collaboration with frequent users of the transfusion service, advance notification of potential inventory shortage plans, and development of blood triage guidance documents), and laboratory staffing and infection control procedures. Reductions in transfusion volumes were observed beginning in mid‐March 2020 for red blood cells and platelets relative to the prepandemic baseline (27% and 26% from the preceding year, respectively). There was a slow gradual return toward baseline beginning one month later; no product shortage issues were experienced.ConclusionProvincial collaborative efforts facilitated the development of initiatives focused on minimizing potential COVID‐19–related disruptions in transfusion services in British Columbia. While there have been no supply issues to date, the framework developed early in the pandemic should facilitate timely responses to possible disruptions in future waves of infection.
The China syndrome: A cross‐country evidence
Authors: Kiyota Kozo , Maruyama Sawako , Taniguchi Mina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile in many advanced countries the increasing import competition from China on employment is a major concern for policymakers and the general public, its impact of Chinese import competition could be different across countries, depending upon the volume and the composition of the products. This paper examines the impact of the China shock on employment in six advanced countries. We find that the import penetration of final goods from China has negative effects on manufacturing employment in these countries, whereas the import penetration of intermediate inputs from and the exports to China could have positive effects. Moreover, such positive effects could offset or even outweigh the negative effects in some countries. These results together suggest that a careful interpretation is needed when evaluating the external validity of the China shock that is obtained in one country.
Model of a System-Wide Domestic Hot-Water Distribution System in a Multi-Resident High-Rise Building
Authors: Vratonjic Marin , Rahmatmand Ali , Marish Feras , Sullivan Pierre 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo reduce the environmental impact and cost, energy and water consumption of multi-resident buildings should be improved while ensuring resident comfort. Inefficient mixing of hot and cold-water streams and a non-optimal domestic hot-water (DHW) distribution system design can cause higher energy consumption, component failures, and dissatisfied residents. An OpenModelica (OM) system-wide model of a 14-story building consisting of a controlled-loop injection (CLI) device and a DHW distribution system is presented. The OM results are validated against field measurements at discreet locations within a single-zone closed-loop circuit to ensure the validity of time-varying temperature and flowrate. The study demonstrates that OM is a useful engineering tool to model single and multi-zone high-rise buildings that allows advanced analysis, including system-wide optimization, advanced on-demand controls, and energy and water-usage efficiencies.
Living on the edge: spatial response of coyotes (Canis latrans) to wolves (Canis lupus) in the subarctic
Authors: Klauder Kaija , Borg Bridget L. , Prugh Laura R. 
Published: January 2021

Understanding how mesopredators manage the risks associated with apex predators is key to explaining impacts of apex predators on mesopredator populations and patterns of mesopredator space use. Here we examine the spatial response of coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823) to risk posed by wolves (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) using data from sympatric individuals fitted with GPS collars in subarctic Alaska, USA, near the northern range limit for coyotes. We show that coyotes do not universally avoid wolves, but instead demonstrate season-specific responses to both wolf proximity and long-term use of the landscape by wolves. Specifically, coyotes switched from avoiding wolves in summer to preferring areas with wolves in winter, and this selection was consistent across short-term and longer term temporal scales. In the summer, coyotes responded less strongly to risk of wolves when in open areas than when in closed vegetation. We also demonstrate that coyotes maintain extremely large territories averaging 291 km2, and experience low annual survival (0.50) with large carnivores being the largest source of mortality. This combination of attraction and avoidance predicated on season and landcover suggests that mesopredators use complex behavioral strategies to mediate the effects of apex predators.
On the LHC signatures of $$SU(5)\times U(1)'$$ F-theory motivated models
Authors: Karozas A. , Leontaris G. K. , Tavellaris I. , Vlachos N. D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study low energy implications of F-theory GUT models based on SU(5) extended by a $$U(1)'$$

U

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symmetry which couples non-universally to the three families of quarks and leptons. This gauge group arises naturally from the maximal exceptional gauge symmetry of an elliptically fibred internal space, at a single point of enhancement, $$E_8\supset SU(5)\times SU(5)'\supset SU(5)\times U(1)^4.$$

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Rank-one fermion mass textures and a tree-level top quark coupling are guaranteed by imposing a $$Z_2$$

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monodromy group which identifies two abelian factors of the above breaking sequence. The $$U(1)'$$

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factor of the gauge symmetry is an anomaly free linear combination of the three remaining abelian symmetries left over by $$Z_2$$

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. Several classes of models are obtained, distinguished with respect to the $$U(1)'$$

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charges of the representations, and possible extra zero modes coming in vector-like representations. The predictions of these models are investigated and are compared with the LHC results and other related experiments. Particular cases interpreting the B-meson anomalies observed in LHCb and BaBar experiments are also discussed.
Light from Schwarzschild black holes in de Sitter expanding universe
Authors: Cotăescu Ion I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA new method is applied for deriving simultaneously the redshift and shadow of a Schwarzschild black hole moving freely in the de Sitter expanding universe as recorded by a remote co-moving observer. This method is mainly algebraic, focusing on the transformation of the conserved quantities under the de Sitter isometry relating the black hole co-moving frame to observer’s one. Hereby one extracts the general expressions of the redshifts and shadows of the black holes having peculiar velocities but their expressions are too extended to be written down here. Therefore, only some particular cases and intuitive expansions are presented while the complete results are given in an algebraic code (Cotăescu in Maple code BH01, https://physics.uvt.ro/~cota/CCFT/codes, 2020).