bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leishmania infantum xenodiagnosis from vertically infected dogs reveals significant skin tropism
Authors: Scorza Breanna M. , Mahachi Kurayi G. , Cox Arin C. , Toepp Angela J. , Leal-Lima Adam , Kumar Kushwaha Anurag , Kelly Patrick , Meneses Claudio , Wilson Geneva , Gibson-Corley Katherine N. , Bartholomay Lyric , Kamhawi Shaden , Petersen Christine A. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Dogs are the primary reservoir for human visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum. Phlebotomine sand flies maintain zoonotic transmission of parasites between dogs and humans. A subset of dogs is infected transplacentally during gestation, but at what stage of the clinical spectrum vertically infected dogs contribute to the infected sand fly pool is unknown.

Methodology/Principal findings
We examined infectiousness of dogs vertically infected with L. infantum from multiple clinical states to the vector Lutzomyia longipalpis using xenodiagnosis and found that vertically infected dogs were infectious to sand flies at differing rates. Dogs with mild to moderate disease showed significantly higher transmission to the vector than dogs with subclinical or severe disease. We documented a substantial parasite burden in the skin of vertically infected dogs by RT-qPCR, despite these dogs not having received intradermal parasites via sand flies. There was a highly significant correlation between skin parasite burden at the feeding site and sand fly parasite uptake. This suggests dogs with high skin parasite burden contribute the most to the infected sand fly pool. Although skin parasite load and parasitemia correlated with one another, the average parasite number detected in skin was significantly higher compared to blood in matched subjects. Thus, dermal resident parasites were infectious to sand flies from dogs without detectable parasitemia.

Conclusions/Significance
Together, our data implicate skin parasite burden and earlier clinical status as stronger indicators of outward transmission potential than blood parasite burden. Our studies of a population of dogs without vector transmission highlights the need to consider canine vertical transmission in surveillance and prevention strategies.
Effect of photobiomodulation combined with physical therapy on functional performance in children with myelomeningocele: A protocol randomized clinical blind study
Authors: Silva Tamiris , Queiroz Juliana Roque de , Turcio Karina Helga Leal , Tobelem Daysi da Cruz , Araújo Tamires Ribeiro , Coutinho Kevelin Siqueira Lira , Chavantes Maria Cristina , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Deana Alessandro Melo , Silva Daniela de Fátima Teixeira da , Castelo Paula Midori , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , Motta Lara Jansiski , Mesquita-Ferrari Raquel Agnelli , Kalil Bussadori Sandra 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionMyelomeningocele is a severe type of spina bifida, resulting from improper closure of the neural tube. This condition drastically affects the structures of the spinal cord resulting in deficiencies. The combination of these deficiencies results in an overall decrease in mobility and functional participation amongst this population. Physiotherapy plays an essential role in rehabilitating people with MMC. The current literature shows that resources such as photobiomodulation (PBM) may support the rehabilitation of neurological conditions. The aim of the proposed study is to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) combined with physical therapy on functional performance in children with low lumbosacral myelomeningocele.Materials and methodsThis is a protocol randomized clinical blind study, that will include 30 individuals of both sexes, aged between 5 to 8 years, diagnosed with low and sacral lumbar myelomeningocele and capable of performing the sit-to-stand task. The participants will be randomly assigned into two treatment groups: PBM + physiotherapeutic exercises and sham PBM + physiotherapeutic exercises. Irradiation will be carried out with light emitting diode (LED) at a wavelength of 850 nm, energy of 25 J per point, 50 seconds per point and a power of 200 mW. The same device will be used in the placebo group but will not emit light. Muscle activity will be assessed using a portable electromyograph (BTS Engineering) and the sit-to-stand task will be performed as a measure of functioning. Electrodes will be positioned on the lateral gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior and rectus femoris muscles. The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory will be used to assess functional independence. Quality of life will be assessed using the Child Health Questionnaire—Parent Form 50. Changes in participation will be assessed using the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth. The data will be analyzed with the aid of GraphPad PRISM.DiscussionThe results of this study can contribute to a better understanding of the effectiveness of PBM on functioning and quality of life in children with myelomeningocele.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT04425330.
A descriptive study of healthcare-providers’ experiences with the use and quality of oxytocin for the prevention of post-partum hemorrhage in Nigeria: A nation-wide survey
Authors: Ejekam Chioma S. , Nyangara Florence M. , Anyakora Chimezie , Nwokike Jude 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundOxytocin is recommended as an affordable and effective drug in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage—one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries, however, there are concerns about its proper use and quality. This study builds on earlier work conducted in a South-Western state in Nigeria.ObjectiveThe study assessed the knowledge around oxytocin, usage, storage practices and perceived quality of oxytocin used by healthcare providers that directly administer oxytocin for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage across Nigeria.MethodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study that surveyed a representative sample of 6,299 healthcare providers who offer obstetrics and gynecological services and recruited from 1,894 healthcare facilities in Public and Private sectors in 12 states across Nigeria. Data were collected using an electronic questionnaire, analyzed using SPSS, and presented in frequencies and percentages.ResultsOnly forty-six percent of respondents (52.8% in private; 40.0% in public sector) had proper knowledge that oxytocin storage is in the refrigerator. Proper knowledge also varied by professional cadre, doctors (71.2%); nurses (46.6%); Community Health Workers (28.4%) and by years of experience, less than 10 years (51.4%); more than 10 years (40.8%). Only 34% of the respondents (41% in private and 27.5% in public sector) reported good practices that oxytocin is stored in the refrigerator in their facilities. Most healthcare providers used oxytocin for prevention of PPH (77.9%). Oxytocin was also used for augmentation (66.7%) and induction of labor (52.6%). Half of respondents used above the WHO-recommended oxytocin dose of 10IU for prevention of PPH. Twenty-three percent of respondents reported experiencing oxytocin failure in PPH prevention of whom, 54.3% changed to another uterotonic and 37.1% doubled the dose of oxytocin for their patients.ConclusionOur study findings should be used to establish clinical guidelines and trainings for healthcare providers to improve their knowledge and storage practices and use to safeguard the quality of these lifesaving medicines.
Autism spectrum disorder screening in children aged 16-30 months using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised (M-CHAT-R)
Authors: Aditya Clarissa Josephine , Dahliana Jenni Kim , Widodo Ariani Dewi , Sekartini Rini 
Published: October 2021

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a global prevalence of 7.6 in 1,000 children. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers - Revised (M-CHAT-R) is one of many screening tools for ASD. It is fast, easy to use, and has been translated and validated in the Indonesian language.
Objective To determine the prevalence of ASD in Indonesia and its risk factors.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to October 2020. In the first protocol (March to July 2020), 219 children aged 16-30 months from 20 hospital walk-in clinics in five districts of Jakarta were included. Subjects’ parents filled out the M-CHAT-R questionnaire during their visit. A series of questions were asked to provide information about probable risk factors associated with ASD: gender, family history of ASD, preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), and history of seizures. The second protocol (August to October 2020) was completed by parents via an online form, where 746 children aged 16-30 months were enrolled. Therefore, a total of 965 subjects were eligible for statistical analysis.
Results Of 965 subjects, 56.58% were males. Subjects’ mean of age was 22.59 (SD 4.15) months. M-CHAT-R screening showed that 34 (3.52%) subjects were at high risk of developing ASD. Only male gender was significantly associated with ASD.
Conclusion We screened for ASD in healthy 16-30-month-old Indonesian children. The rate of high-risk M-CHAT-R score was 3.52%. Male gender was a significant risk factor for high-risk M-CHAT-R results.
Epstein-Barr DNA in advanced pediatric nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Adham Marlinda , Jelita Namira Kesuma , Gatot Djajadiman , Gondhowiardjo Soehartati Argadikoesoema , Rachmadi Lisnawati , Greijer Astrid E , Tan I Bing , Middeldorp Jaap M 
Published: October 2021

Background Studies suggest that the most common type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is WHO-3, which is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
Objective To assess NPC patient characteristics in a national general referral hospital in Indonesia, with regards to EBV DNA load and treatment response.
Methods Twenty-three pediatric patients diagnosed with NPC were included in the study. Data collected were history, physical examination, tissue biopsy, CT scan, staging and EBV DNA load from nasopharyngeal (NP) brushing as well as blood specimens. The NP brushing, blood specimens and CT scan evaluations were done two months post-treatment.
Results Pediatric patients with symptoms such as blood tinged secretion, lymph node enlargement, and nasal congestion were more likely to have higher EBV DNA loads in their NP brushings (P<0.05) (including T3 and higher). Despite significant reduction of EBV DNA load in NP brushing post-treatment, it was not associated with treatment response, as evaluated by CT scan.
Conclusion Higher DNA load from NP brushings is associated with a higher tumor stage. Larger sample size and follow-up data are needed to assess the usefulness of EBV DNA load assessment in pediatric patients.
Clinical profiles of neonates born to mothers with COVID-19
Authors: Jacob Ambili Susan , MTP Mohammed , Gopinath Reetha , Divakaran Binoo , Harris Tariq 
Published: October 2021

Background The risk of congenital infections in neonates born to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected mothers and those breastfed by infected mothers remains largely unknown.
Objective To describe the outcomes and clinical features of neonates born to mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy, to follow up neonates who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 at the time of delivery for a period of 1 month, and to identify potential risk factors associated with disease transmission.
Methods This prospective observational study on neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers between June 2020 and January 2021 was carried out after getting written informed consent in a tertiary care government hospital (Government Medical college Kannur, North Kerala, India). The clinical and demographic characteristics of infected mothers were reviewed. Neonates were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection within 24 hours of birth, with repeat testing on day 5 for those who were negative at birth. The demographic and clinical characteristics as well as potential risk factors for disease transmission in these neonates were evaluated.
Results A total of 342 neonates (95.3%) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection at birth. Rooming-in and breastfeeding was practiced in 75% of at-risk neonates. Fifty neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection at birth (14.3%); 293 neonates who tested negative at birth remained so on day 5, except one baby isolated with a caretaker who also tested positive, indicating postnatal infection. There was no statistically significant increased risk of infection in neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers compared to those born to mothers who had already become negative at delivery. Mild symptoms were present in 8% of positive neonates. On one-month follow up, all neonates were well and gaining weight.
Conclusion Vertical transmission, in particular transplacental, may be possible in SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers. Maternal infection at the time of delivery is not a predictor for increased vertical transmission compared to mothers whose infections had resolved prior to delivery. Breastfeeding with appropriate hygiene measures is not a risk factor for horizontal transmission.
Residu Antibiotik Serta Keberadaan Escherichia Coli Penghasil ESBL pada Daging Ayam Broiler di Pasar Kota Purwokerto
Authors: Widhi Anriani Puspita Karunia Ning , Saputra Imam Nafi Yana 
Published: October 2021

Latar belakang: Pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan asal ternak yang berasal dari unggas memiliki angka konsumsi yang cukup tinggi salah satunya yaitu ayam broiler. Untuk memenuhi tingginya permintaan terhadap ayam broiler pada pakandiberifeed additiveserta antibiotic growth promotor (AGP) dalam bentuk antibiotik untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan dan daya tahan tubuh. Pemanfaatan antibiotik yang tidak bijak akan menimbulkan residu antibiotik serta resistensi Escherichia coli penghasil Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL).Metode: Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil screeningtest. Data ditunjukkan dalam tabel dangambar yang dibahas secara deskriptif. Variabel yang diamati residu antibiotik tetrasiklin serta E. coli penghasil ESBL pada daging ayam broiler.Hasil: Temuan terhadap residu antibiotik tetrasiklin pada daging ayam broiler yaitu sebesar 7,14% dengan rerata zona hambat 12,13 mm, sedangkan hasil identifikasi E. coli penghasil ESBL pada daging ayam broiler diperoleh hasil sebesar 71,4%.Simpulan:Residu antibiotik tetrasiklin dalam daging ayam broiler masih tergolong aman dapat dikonsumsi namun, temuanE. coli penghasil ESBL pada daging ayam broiler menimbulkan masalah kesehatan, baik bagi kesehatan hewan maupun manusia, serta dapat menimbulkan resistensi terhadap antibiotik. ABSTRACT Title: Broiler Chicken Meat Sold at Purwokerto's Market Has Antibiotic Residues and Escherichia Coli That Produces EsblBackground: Poultry, of which broiler chickens are one example, is a food source with a relatively high consumption rate.Feed additives and antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in the form of antibiotics in the ration are given to increase broilers’ growth and endurance to meet the high demand for them. It is important to note that unwise antibiotic use results in the buildup of antibiotic residues and resistance to the Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase(ESBL)produced by Escherichia coli bacterium.Method: To collect primary data for this descriptive study, the screening test results were employed as a starting point. Next, the information was presented in the form of tables and figures.Result: According to this study, broiler chickens had a tetracycline residue of 7.14 percent, with an inhibitory zone mean of 12.13 mm, and 71.4 percent of ESBL-producing E. coli.Conclusion:According to the study, broiler chicken meat with tetracycline residue is still safe to consume. E. coli, which is known to develop an antibiotic-resistant strain of E. coli ESBL) can cause serious health problems in both humans and animals.
Glycine Release Is Potentiated by cAMP via EPAC2 and Ca2+Stores in a Retinal Interneuron
Authors: Meadows Marc A. , Balakrishnan Veeramuthu , Wang Xiaohan , von Gersdorff Henrique 
Published: October 2021

Neuromodulation via the intracellular second messenger cAMP is ubiquitous at presynaptic nerve terminals. This modulation of synaptic transmission allows exocytosis to adapt to stimulus levels and reliably encode information. The AII amacrine cell (AII-AC) is a central hub for signal processing in the mammalian retina. The main apical dendrite of the AII-AC is connected to several lobular appendages that release glycine onto OFF cone bipolar cells and ganglion cells. However, the influence of cAMP on glycine release is not well understood. Using membrane capacitance measurements from mouse AII-ACs to directly measure exocytosis, we observe that intracellular dialysis of 1 mmcAMP enhances exocytosis without affecting the L-type Ca2+current. Responses to depolarizing pulses of various durations show that the size of the readily releasable pool of vesicles nearly doubles with cAMP, while paired-pulse depression experiments suggest that release probability does not change. Specific agonists and antagonists for exchange protein activated by cAMP 2 (EPAC2) revealed that the cAMP-induced enhancement of exocytosis requires EPAC2 activation. Furthermore, intact Ca2+stores were also necessary for the cAMP potentiation of exocytosis. Postsynaptic recordings from OFF cone bipolar cells showed that increasing cAMP with forskolin potentiated the frequency of glycinergic spontaneous IPSCs. We propose that cAMP elevations in the AII-AC lead to a robust enhancement of glycine release through an EPAC2 and Ca2+store signaling pathway. Our results thus contribute to a better understanding of how AII-AC crossover inhibitory circuits adapt to changes in ambient luminance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe mammalian retina operates over a wide dynamic range of light intensities and contrast levels. To optimize the signal-to-noise ratio of processed visual information, both excitatory and inhibitory synapses within the retina must modulate their gain in synaptic transmission to adapt to different levels of ambient light. Here we show that increases of cAMP concentration within AII amacrine cells produce enhanced exocytosis from these glycinergic interneurons. Therefore, we propose that light-sensitive neuromodulators may change the output of glycine release from AII amacrine cells. This novel mechanism may fine-tune the amount of tonic and phasic synaptic inhibition received by bipolar cell terminals and, consequently, the spiking patterns that ganglion cells send to the upstream visual areas of the brain.
Psikologi Kehamilan Dalam Perspektif Al-qur’an
Authors: Nurhayati Eneng 
Published: October 2021

The conclusion from the dissertation is that the psychology of pregnancy in the Qur’an perspective can be understood as a science that studies the behavior of women at the time of pregnancy until birth in building a mentall powers and patterns in harmony with herself, with husband, family member, community, environment and with Allah. In the Qur’an, the psychological discussion of pregnancy covers the turmoil of emotion such as sad, happy. Also, the subject of psychology deals with the senses of the body. Pregnancy psychology, which relates to several biological changes, leads to both intrinsic and extrinsic and the stres due to adjustments to a social pressure. The suppression of stres includes aspects of both the supporting role of the family, and the pregnant women herself, the husband and even the health-care worker. The dissertation also discovered the psychology of pregnancy in the Qur’an, which talks about grief, joy , fear and worry, and so the author found some things related to the psychology of pregnancy in the Qur’an such as: The psychology of the mentally related pregnancy of feelings. The senses and the body, and the mind. And the Desire. This dissertation shares similarity of opinion to Chrissie P, Kaponda. (1996). Descamps, (2014), Deave T, Crowther, Angelica Y. Matos-Rios, (1995) Lori n; Rhodes, Osborne (2001) Nicole Kom-valdina (2012) Jeanne Rodier. Weber (1991). Nasaruddin Umar (2014), M. Darwis Hude, (2006), Nur Arfiyah Pebriani (2014) Fatma syilfana Dewi harahap (2015) who all share the same view that a pregnant woman has an emotional change in the birth of the unborn baby in her womb. The method used in this research is a qualitative and interview method using the maudhu 'i interpretation method. And the data used in this research is obtained through the library research. The steps in this study go through three steps of reading and exploring primary or secondary literature and then analyzing the data with an analistic descriptive framework, ultimately coming to conclusions based on the design and purpose of the research.
Detección por PCR de Haemoproteus archilochus en Amazilia tzacatl (Trochilidae) en Colombia
Authors: Duarte Moreno Angie Nurien , Villamizar Escalante Daniela , Rondón González Fernando 
Published: October 2021

La infección causada por haemosporidios en colibríes no ha sido estudiada en zonas agroforestales o urbanas de la vertiente occidental de la Cordillera Oriental de los Andes en el departamento de Santander, pese a existir evidencia de esta en otros grupos de aves. Con el fin de detectar e identificar los parásitos causales de infecciones por haemosporidios, se tomaron muestras de sangre de la vena yugular de colibríes en seis localidades. La presencia de infección se llevó a cabo por PCR y la identificación de los parásitos se hizo a partir de secuencias del gen mitocondrial Citocromo b (Cyt b). Se obtuvieron 86 muestras de sangre de 20 especies de colibríes. La prevalencia de infección en general fue del 43 % y en el 18 % de las muestras infectadas del colibrí Amazilia colirufa (Amazilia tzacatl) se identificaron secuencias de Haemoproteus archilochus correspondientes al linaje HUMHA4. Se reporta por primera vez para Colombia la presencia de H. archilochus en A. tzacatl, por medio de técnicas de biología molecular. Este parásito podría estar implicado en la haemoproteosis de colibríes en el país.
Quality changes and shelf life of salted duck egg white meringues stored in alternative packages at two temperatures
Authors: Noonim Paramee , Venkatachalam Karthikeyan 
Published: October 2021

Salted duck egg white meringues stored in alternative packages (paper control, metalized low-density polyethylene (M-LDPE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) and at two alternative storage temperatures (30°C and 40°C) were tested for changes in quality over a period of 120 days. Every 15 days, the meringues were tested for physicochemical and microbial qualities. Package type, storage temperature, and storage time all influenced the overall meringue quality. This study revealed that meringues kept at 40°C experienced more loss of quality than those kept at 30°C. During storage, meringue’s lightness and yellowness diminished while redness increased, and the sample volume shrunk. The control samples were significantly more affected than the other cases. The sample’s weight, moisture, aw, and pH were highest in the control samples when stored at 40°C. Textural profiles such as hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, fracturability, gumminess, and springiness decreased in all cases with storage time, whereas adhesiveness and resilience increased. The M-LDPE and PET packages maintained the sample texture. The radical scavenging abilities of the samples did not significantly differ by the alternatives tested, but a gradual increase was noted during prolonged storage. The control samples had significant levels of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella) and spoilage microorganisms (yeast and mold), reducing the shelf life to 90 days. In contrast, M-LDPE and PET packages maintained the sample qualities throughout the testing period of 120 days. It was found that M-LDPE and PET packages prolonged the shelf life of meringues when stored at 30°C, more so than at 40°C.