bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiomics Based on Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Differentiation Between Fat-Poor Angiomyolipoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Noncirrhotic Liver: A Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Zhao Xiangtian , Zhou Yukun , Zhang Yuan , Han Lujun , Mao Li , Yu Yizhou , Li Xiuli , Zeng Mengsu , Wang Mingliang , Liu Zaiyi 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveThis study aims to develop and externally validate a contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) radiomics-based model for preoperative differentiation between fat-poor angiomyolipoma (fp-AML) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with noncirrhotic livers and to compare the diagnostic performance with that of two radiologists.MethodsThis retrospective study was performed with 165 patients with noncirrhotic livers from three medical centers. The dataset was divided into a training cohort (n = 99), a time-independent internal validation cohort (n = 24) from one center, and an external validation cohort (n = 42) from the remaining two centers. The volumes of interest were contoured on the arterial phase (AP) images and then registered to the venous phase (VP) and delayed phase (DP), and a total of 3,396 radiomics features were extracted from the three phases. After the joint mutual information maximization feature selection procedure, four radiomics logistic regression classifiers, including the AP model, VP model, DP model, and combined model, were built. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of each radiomics model and those of two radiologists were evaluated and compared.ResultsThe AUCs of the combined model reached 0.789 (95%CI, 0.579–0.999) in the internal validation cohort and 0.730 (95%CI, 0.563–0.896) in the external validation cohort, higher than the AP model (AUCs, 0.711 and 0.638) and significantly higher than the VP model (AUCs, 0.594 and 0.610) and the DP model (AUCs, 0.547 and 0.538). The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the combined model were 0.708, 0.625, and 0.750 in the internal validation cohort and 0.619, 0.786, and 0.536 in the external validation cohort, respectively. The AUCs for the two radiologists were 0.656 and 0.594 in the internal validation cohort and 0.643 and 0.500 in the external validation cohort. The AUCs of the combined model surpassed those of the two radiologists and were significantly higher than that of the junior one in both validation cohorts.ConclusionsThe proposed radiomics model based on triple-phase CE-MRI images was proven to be useful for differentiating between fp-AML and HCC and yielded comparable or better performance than two radiologists in different centers, with different scanners and different scanning parameters.
MiR-27a-3p Promotes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Through SLC7A11-Mediated-Ferroptosis
Authors: Lu Xuan , Kang Ningning , Ling Xinxin , Pan Ming , Du Wenjing , Gao Shan 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundFerroptosis is a newly generated regulatory cell death promoted by the accumulated lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS). Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), the cystine/glutamate antiporter, is known as a ferroptosis executor that exhibits a positive correlation with carcinoma progression because of antioxidant function. Nonetheless, it is yet unclear on the understanding of ferroptosis regulation in lung cancer.MethodsDatabase, qRT-PCR, Western-blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry were utilized to determine SLC7A11 expression and function, as well as gene iron related to necrosis in clinical tissue specimens and cells; a ferroptosis inducer, inhibitors, and SLC7A11 lentivirus were used to confirm SLC7A11’s biological activity in cell viability, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and iron ion enrichment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in different cells; lentivirus was used to infect lung adenocarcinoma cell lines to acquire miR-27a-3p overexpression and knockdown cell lines, and to detect SLC7A11 level through qRT-PCR and WB. The influence of upregulated/downregulated miR-27a-3p on ferroptosis and other related biological characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines was detected.ResultsUpregulated SLC7A11 was shown in NSCLC patients and cells, and increased SLC7A11 had a relation to the poorly prognostic status of NSCLC patients. Besides, a novel miRNA, miR-27a-3p, was an essential modulator of ferroptosis via directly targeting SLC7A11 in NSCLC cells. Overexpressing miR-27a-3p led to SLC7A11 suppression via directly binding to its 3’-UTR, followed by the reduction of erastin-caused ferroptosis. In contrast, inhibited miR-27a-3p resulted in an increase in NSCLC cells’ sensitivity to erastin. Of importance, the accumulated lipid ROS and cell death of iron peptide mediated by anti-miR-27a-3p can be eliminated by impeding the glutamylation process. Our literature collectively uncovered that miR-27a-3p modulated ferroptosis by targeting SLC7A11 in NSCLC cells, illustrating the important role of miRNA in ferroptosis.ConclusionMiR-27a-3p modulates ferroptosis via targeting SLC7A11 in NSCLC cells, implying the significant role of miR-27a-3p/SLC7A11 in ferroptosis.
Altered Cytokine Endotoxin Responses in Neonatal Encephalopathy Predict MRI Outcomes
Authors: O'Dea Mary Isabel , Kelly Lynne A. , McKenna Ellen , Strickland Tammy , Hurley Tim P. , Butler John , Vavasseur Claudine , EL-Khuffash Afif F. , Miletin Jan , Fallah Lida , White Arthur , Wyse Jason , Molloy Eleanor J. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome and is linked with systemic inflammation. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are known to play a role in the pathology of NE by activating innate immune cells.Methods: Eighty-seven infants were enrolled including 53 infants with NE of whom 52 received therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and 34 term infant healthy controls (TC). Whole blood sampling was performed in the first 4 days of life, and a 14-spot ELISA Multiplex Cytokine Array was carried out on baseline samples or after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an additional inflammatory stimulus. The cytokine medians were examined for differences between infants with NE and healthy TC; and then short-term outcomes of Sarnat stage, seizures, and MRI brain were examined within the NE group. The potential of LPS stimulation to predict abnormal MRI was explored using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results: At baseline, infants with NE had significantly higher levels of erythropoietin (Epo), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1ra and significantly lower vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) than had controls. All cytokines were increased after LPS stimulation in infants with NE with an excessive Epo and IL-1ra response than in controls. Infants with NE had lower IL-8, IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), VEGF, and interferon (IFN)-γ than controls had following LPS. GM-CSF and IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1ra, and VEGF were higher on days 1–2 in NE infants with abnormal neuroimaging. GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α levels with LPS stimulation were different upon stimulation between normal and abnormal neuroimaging. TNF-α is the only strong cytokine predictor both pre- and post-LPS stimulation of abnormal brain imaging.Conclusions: Altered cytokine responses are found in infants with NE vs. controls, and more significant differences are unmasked by the additional stimulus of LPS, which potentially improves the predictive power of these cytokines for the detection of abnormal MRIs. Infants with NE undergoing TH demonstrate both trained immunity and tolerance, and understanding these responses will facilitate adjunctive immunomodulatory treatments.
Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Impairs Blood-Brain Barrier Partly Due to Release of Arginase From Injured Liver
Authors: Zhu Liang , Zhou Han , Xu Feng , Yang Hanyu , Li Ping , Sheng Yun , Liu Peihua , Kong Weimin , Liu Xiaonan , Yang Lu , Liu Li , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: October 2021

Aim: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR) induces remote organs injury, including the brain. The homeostasis of the brain is maintained by the blood-brain barrier (BBB); thus, we aimed to investigate whether HIR impaired BBB and attempted to elucidate its underlying mechanism.Methods: Cell viability of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) was measured following 24 h incubation with a serum of HIR rat undergoing 1 h ischemia and 4 h reperfusion, liver homogenate, or lysate of primary hepatocytes of the rat. The liver homogenate was precipitated using (NH4)2SO4 followed by separation on three columns and electrophoresis to identify the toxic molecule. Cell activity, apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle, and expressions of proteins related to cell cycle were measured in hCMEC/D3 cells incubated with identified toxic molecules. HIR rats undergoing 1 h ischemia and 24 h reperfusion were developed to determine the release of an identified toxic molecule. BBB function was indexed as permeability to fluorescein and brain water. Endothelial cell proliferation and expressions of proteins related to the cell cycle in cerebral microvessels were measured by immunofluorescence and western blot.Results: Toxic molecule to BBB in the liver was identified to be arginase. Arginase inhibitor nor-NOHA efficiently attenuated hCMEC/D3 damage caused by liver homogenate and serum of HIR rats. Both arginase and serum of HIR rats significantly lowered arginine (Arg) in the culture medium. Arg addition efficiently attenuated the impairment of hCMEC/D3 caused by arginase or Arg deficiency, demonstrating that arginase impaired hCMEC/D3 via depriving Arg. Both arginase and Arg deficiency damaged hCMEC/D3 cells by inhibiting cell proliferation, retarding the cell cycle to G1 phase, and downregulating expressions of cyclin A, cyclin D, CDK2, and CDK4. HIR notably increased plasma arginase activity and lowered Arg level, increased the BBB permeability accompanied with enhanced brain water, and decreased the proliferative cells (marked by Ki67) in cerebral microvessels (marked by CD31) and protein expressions of cyclin A, cyclin D, CDK2 and CDK4 in isolated brain microvessels. Oral supplement of Arg remarkably attenuated these HIR-induced alterations.Conclusion: HIR leads to substantial release of arginase from the injured liver and then deprives systemic Arg. The Arg deficiency further impairs BBB via inhibiting the proliferation of brain microvascular endothelial cells by cell cycle arrest.
#Springwatch #WildMorningswithChris: Engaging With Nature via Social Media and Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Xu Shi , Murrell George , Golding Sarah E. , Brockett Beth F. T. , Gatersleben Birgitta , Scarles Caroline , White Emma V. , Willis Cheryl , Wyles Kayleigh J. 
Published: October 2021

It is widely understood that nature engagement benefits human wellbeing. Such benefits have been found for real as well as virtual engagements. However, little is known about the role of nature-based videos in social media on wellbeing. With COVID-19 restrictions limiting people’s direct engagement with natural environments, this study critically examined people’s reactions to nature videos posted on Facebook during the first UK COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. Data consisted of comments on videos containing highlights from the British Broadcasting Corporation’s (BBC) Springwatch 2020 television series, and from a UK television presenter and naturalist’s (Chris Packham) livestream videos, posted on Facebook from March to July, 2020. Looking at the quantitative profile of a range of videos (i.e. views, likes and shares) and a detailed analysis of the 143,265 comments using thematic analysis, three major themes were generated as: (1) engaging with nature via social media is emotionally complicated, (2) cognitive and reflective reactions are generated from social media nature engagement and (3) engagement with nature-based social media as a mechanism for coping with stress during COVID-19. These findings inform understanding of how nature-related social media content and associated commentary have supported wellbeing throughout the ongoing pandemic and their importance as a means of continued support for wellbeing.‘We feel that the injection of wildlife into people’s homes, particularly at this point, would be really valuable and uplifting’.— Chris Packham, 2020
Preoperative Anxiety and Postoperative Pain in Patients With Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
Authors: Zhang Lin , Hao Li-Jun , Hou Xiao-Lai , Wu Ya-Ling , Jing Lu-Shi , Sun Ruo-Nan 
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study was designed to investigate preoperative anxiety situations and postoperative pain degree in Chinese patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy and to analyze the related factors of preoperative anxiety and the correlation between preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain to provide a reference for effective postoperative analgesia management.Methods: A total of 100 female patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into two groups (n = 50, each). In group A, the patients were treated with dexmedetomidine and sufentanil for postoperative analgesia. In group B, the patients were treated with sufentanil alone for postoperative analgesia. All patients were evaluated with a self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) 1 day before the operation. The patients’ pain was evaluated using the numerical rating scale (NRS) 1 day after the operation, and data were recorded.Results: In these 100 patients, the highest preoperative SAS score was 48, and the average score was 40.99 ± 4.55 points, which is higher than the norm in China. There were significant differences in preoperative SAS scores among patients with different occupations and previous surgical experience (P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in SAS scores among patients with different education levels (P &gt; 0.05). The postoperative NRS score of group A was significantly higher than that of group B, and the difference was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). The correlation coefficients between SAS scores and NRS scores in groups A and B were 0.836 and 0.870, respectively, presenting with a significantly positive correlation.Conclusion: Preoperative anxiety is an important predictor of postoperative pain. Patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy have preoperative anxiety. The degree of anxiety is influenced by the occupation and previous operation experience of the patients, and patients with higher preoperative anxiety have greater postoperative pain. In addition, we should not neglect the management of postoperative pain because of the small trauma of laparoscopic surgery, and dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil can improve the postoperative analgesic effect.
Association Between Family Structure and Anxiety Disorder Among Pre-schoolers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Chongqing, China
Authors: Hu Hongmei , Wu Tingting , Wang Shanshan , Chen Peiling , Zhang Jiaqiong , Zhao Xin 
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study explores the current situation of anxiety disorder of pre-schoolers and assesses the association between family structure and anxiety disorder (AD) among pre-schoolers in Chongqing, China.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 499 main fosterers of children aged 3–6 years who completed the 28-item Chinese version of the Spence Pre-school Anxiety Scale (PAS). Multinomial logistic regression with three models was used to assess the association of the family structure with the different AD.Results: The prevalence of AD was 31.46%, whose score of PAS were more than 48. Among the five different PAS sub-scales, the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was the highest (50.10%), followed by separation anxiety disorder (SAD, 39.28%), fear of physical harm (FPH, 37.68%), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD, 33.47%), and social phobia (SP, 25.85%). Pre-schoolers from inter-generational families were more probably have AD than those from nuclear families (OR = 3.73, p &lt; 0.05). The participants from inter-generational families were more likely to have SAD (OR = 3.39, p &lt; 0.05), FPM (OR = 2.80, p &lt; 0.05), or OCD (OR = 2.40, p &lt; 0.05), in comparison with participants from other family structures.Conclusion: Anxiety disorder among pre-schoolers aged 3–6 in Chongqing is widespread. Pre-schoolers from inter-generational families were more probably have AD, SAD, FPM, and OR and pre-schoolers from stem families may be less likely to have SAD compared with those from nuclear families. Relieving the anxiety of pre-schoolers may be possible with additional interventional efforts in inter-generational families.
The Relationship Between Abnormal Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Left Superior Frontal Gyrus and Cognitive Impairments in Youth-Onset Drug-Naïve Schizophrenia
Authors: Qiu Xiaolei , Lu Shuiping , Zhou Min , Yan Wei , Du Jinglun , Zhang Aoshuang , Xie Shiping , Zhang Rongrong 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Age of onset is one of the heterogeneous factors in schizophrenia, and an earlier onset of the disease indicated a worse prognosis. The left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) is involved in numerous cognitive and motor control tasks. Hence, we explored the relationship between abnormal changes in SFG resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and cognitive function in the peak age of incidence to understand better the pathophysiological mechanism in youth-onset drug-naïve schizophrenia to search for reliable biomarkers.Methods: About 66 youth-onset drug-naïve schizophrenia patients and 59 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. Abnormal connectivity changes in the left SFG and whole brain were measured using the region of interest (ROI) rsFC analysis method. The cognitive function was assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), and the severity of the clinical symptoms was evaluated by positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Furthermore, we analyzed the relationships among abnormal FC values, cognition scores, and clinical symptoms.Results: We found decreased FC between left SFG and bilateral precuneus (PCUN), right hippocampus, right parahippocampal gyrus, left thalamus, left caudate, insula, and right superior parietal lobule (SPL), whereas increased FC was seen between the left SFG and right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) in the youth-onset drug-naïve schizophrenia group, compared with HCs. Meanwhile, the T-scores were lower in each cognitive domain than HCs. Moreover, in the youth-onset drug-naive schizophrenia group, the insula was negatively correlated with processing speed. No significant correlations were found between the FC-value and PANSS score.Conclusions: Our findings suggest widespread FC network abnormalities in the left SFG and widespread cognitive impairments in the early stages of schizophrenia. The dysfunctional connectivity of the left SFG may be a potential pathophysiological mechanism in youth-onset drug-naïve schizophrenia.
Predictors of Alcohol Consumption Among Younger Adults During the First Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Brandt Lasse , Evens Ricarda , Reiche Simon , Marek Roman M. , Moon Daa Un , Groß Elisa , Romanello Amy , Masah Dario Jalilzadeh , Scicchitano Matteo , Gutwinski Stefan , Montag Christiane , Majić Tomislav , Mick Inge 
Published: October 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic may lead to negative mental health effects but the effect on alcohol consumption among younger adults is unclear. We assess predictors of change in alcohol consumption during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic among younger adults.Methods: This cross-sectional internet-based survey was part of an overarching project, the Corona Drug Survey, which was conducted from April 30 to August 4, 2020. Participants of any sex and ≥18 years old were included. The primary outcome measure was change in alcohol consumption during the early COVID-19 pandemic. We implemented an ordinal logistic regression to assess the effect (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]) of the following predictors: quarantine restrictions on leaving the residence, number of individuals in the household, problematic alcohol consumption before the pandemic (CAGE [cutting down, annoyance by criticism, guilty feeling, and eye-opener] score), personal concern regarding the pandemic, age, and sex.Results: 3,321 participants with a mean age of 32 (SD: 13) years were included in this study. 70.4% of participants reported less or unchanged alcohol consumption in the recent 4 weeks of the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. A higher number of individuals in the household was associated with a reduced alcohol consumption (OR = 0.869; 95% CI = 0.815–0.927). No quarantine restrictions on leaving the residence (OR = 1.593; 95% CI = 1.397–1.817), a higher age (1.006; 1.001-1.011), and female sex (compared to males: 1.206; 1.062–1.371) were associated with an increase in alcohol consumption. The CAGE score before the pandemic (OR = 0.983; 95% CI = 0.931–1.037) and the pandemic concern (0.927; 0.857–1.003) were not associated with a significant change in alcohol consumption. Celebrations were no longer frequent drinking occasions during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. The majority of participants (60.9%) did not use alcohol drinking as a coping mechanism to mitigate negative effects of the pandemic.Interpretation: In this cohort of younger adults with fewer celebratory drinking occasions, restrictions on leaving the residence and the number of persons in the household were the strongest predictors of reduced alcohol consumption during the early phase of the pandemic.
The Low Carb Program for people with type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes: a mixed methods feasibility study of signposting from general practice
Authors: Scott Emma , Shehata Mishkat , Panesar Arjun , Summers Charlotte , Dale Jeremy 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundEvidence shows type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be effectively treated with a reduced-carbohydrate diet to support weight loss. Digital apps are increasingly used to support weight loss, yet little is known about their use as part of general practice diabetes care.AimDetermine the feasibility of signposting from routine NHS general practice to a digital weight management tool (Low Carb Program) for patients with T2DM and pre-diabetes.Design & settingMixed-methods feasibility study implemented within routine general practice consultations at four practices in the Midlands, England.MethodGeneral practices offered signposting to eligible patients attending consultations of any type during a 4-week recruitment period. Rates of offering and accepting signposting were recorded, with program registration, program completion, and self-reported health outcomes (weight, haemoglobin A1C [HbA1c]).ResultsSignposting was offered to 351 patients; 160 (45.6%) accepted, 103 (29.3%) registered with the intervention and 43 (26.9% of patients accepting signposting) completed the programme. GPs reported that signposting added between 1–4 minutes to the consultation length. Patients completing the programme reported greater weight loss (7.2kg versus 1.6kg,P<0.001) and HbA1c improvements (-9.1mmol/mol versus 1.7mmol/mol,P<0.001) compared to those who did not, and were more likely to reduce the number of prescribed diabetes medications in general practice.ConclusionsSignposting from real-world general practice to theLow CarbProgramis feasible and can potentially improve diabetes outcomes. Further research should explore whether the process of signposting can be enhanced to increase registration, identify whether additional practice-led support leads to increased programme completion, and confirm the intervention’s clinical and cost-effectiveness.