bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine tower
Authors: Wang Yihe , Liu Zhen , Liu Yinzhen , Liu Meiying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of Wind turbine tower under rated operating conditions, a 1:1 numerical model of 1.5MW wind turbine was established using UG finite element modeling software, and the velocity field and pressure field distribution of wind turbine with cross-sections of r / R = 20%, r / R =40%, r / R =60%, r / R =80%, r / R =120% and r / R =140% were analyzed. The results show that with the increase of r / R, the backflow and vortex on the leeward side of the tower are produced to different degrees, and the vortex separation point is shifted backward. With the increase of r / R, the pressure value and range about 0° symmetry axis gradually become smaller, and the pressure values on both sides of the tower show negative pressure and symmetric distribution, and the tail flow area of the tower gradually returns to the inlet pressure.
Study on Dynamic Amplification Factor of UHV Pillar Equipment
Authors: Liu Zhenlin , Zhang Xiaojun , Zhu Zhubing , Xue Yaodong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the research of UHV pillar equipment, the dynamic amplification factor of bracket is a key parameter. This paper mainly focuses on the relationship between the dynamic amplification factor of ceramic equipment under the condition of seismic acceleration response spectrum when the structural parameters of the bracket are the same. In this paper, the stiffness of the bracket is changed by altering the elastic modulus of the steel. The dynamic amplification factors of the speed, displacement, stress and acceleration of the bracket in the two kinds of overall structures are compared and analyzed by numerical simulation. At the same time, the relationship between the bracket frequency and the steel consumption is compared by calculating the steel consumption of different bracket structures. Based on the results of simulation analysis and considering the seismic design of porcelain electrical equipment in UHV substations and converter stations, it is suggested that the dynamic amplification factor, the envelope of displacement and stress amplification factor of 1.40 should be adopted, thus providing a theoretical basis for the design of UHV bracket equipment.
Numerical simulation of heat transfer performance and reliability design of road snow-melting system based on inorganic heat pipe
Authors: Song Jie , Bi Yufeng , Xu Run , Liu Shang , Zhang Changyong , Zhong Guoqiang , Wang Chao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to study the optimal design parameters of the heat pipe system in the heat pipe snow-melting road structure, a finite element analytical model of the snow-melting road is established based on the heat transfer theory. And based on the analysis of internal heat transfer and surface convective heat transfer of the road, the author set suitable boundary conditions of temperature field according to the actual situation of the road pavement and made quantitative research on the influence of factors such as the evaporating section burial depth and arrangement distance of the heat pipe on the pavement temperature field. The results show that the optimal arrangement distance of the heat pipes is 300-500mm, and when the heat pipe distance is 500mm, the temperatures of the road surface increased slowly, the isotherm of 0°C will no longer continue, and the snow-melting time would become longer; heat pipe burial depth should be determined according to the road structure, the shallower the burial depth the better the snow-melting effect..
Present situation and prospect of new energy vehicle industry in China
Authors: Hao Zhuangzhuang , Li Zhiyang , Ni Hongjun , Lv Shuaishuai , Wang Xingxing , Zhu Yu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As the global energy and ecological environment are facing severe challenges, the promotion of new energy vehicles is becoming more and more extensive. This paper introduces the concept and development history of new energy vehicles, summarizes the development status of pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles in China, further analyzes the development opportunities of new energy vehicle industry, and looks forward to its development prospect based on GM (1,1) grayscale prediction model. Finally, the development suggestions are put forward according to the problems existing in power battery technology, safety, market competition and infrastructure construction of new energy vehicles.
Temporal variation and water quality assessment of Xiaoqing River catchment
Authors: weiyan Pan , Feng Wang , zhen Jiao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Xiaoqing River plays an import role in water supply, flood control and ecological protection in Shandong Province. The deterioration of water quality seriously threatens the safety of drinking water for local residents and water ecological environment. In order to investigate the present situation of Xiaoqing River, the cluster analysis was used to study the temporal variation of water quality, and the composite pollution index was used to assess the river water, lake and reservoir water quality. The temporal variation of CODCr, CODMn, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and ammonia in the river water was discussed from the year of 2009 to 2016. The results found that the water quality of Xaiqoing River has improved with time on the whole. The results found that total nitrogen was the major pollutant during all the sampling points. And the Mashang sampling station has the worst water quality. The result can help provide the references for the prevention and control of river water pollution and water ecological imbalance in the Xiaoqing River basin.
Pollution and health risk assessment of arsenic in street dust and soil from an industrial zone
Authors: Cai Ying , Zhang Jingdong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Taking an industrial area in Wuhan as the research object, single factor index, Geoaccumulation index and EPA health risk model are utilized to evaluate the pollution pattern and health risk of arsenic (As) in street dust with different particle fractions and soil. The results showed that the content of As in street dust increased with the decrease of particle size. The average content of As in street dust with fine particle fraction and soil exceeded the soil background value of Hubei Province, but did not exceed the screening value of “Soil Environmental Quality Construction Site Soil Pollution Risk Control Standards (Trial)”. The content of As in soil had a high correlation with that of dust with < 63 particle fraction at the corresponding point, with high fit degree (R2=0.6012). There was moderate to heavy pollution of As in areas surrounding industrial enterprises like Wuhan Iron and Steel, cement plants, and areas with high traffic flow and construction sites. The As of street dust and soil at some points posed a non-carcinogenic risk to children, but no carcinogenic risk. The ingestion pathway was the largest non-carcinogenic exposure route of As in street dust and soil from the research area.
Study on Tunnel Fire Smoke Control and Transverse Passageway Interval under Traffic Congestion
Authors: Liu Shuai 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
When there are traffic jams in the tunnel, if the critical velocity is used for longitudinal smoke exhaust, it will pose a threat to the vehicles and people congested downstream. Using FDS + EVAC for numerical simulation, this paper has studied the fire smoke control strategies and transverse passageway intervals. The results show that: (1) When there is congestion at the downstream of the fire source, excessive longitudinal smoke exhaust will reduce the available safe evacuation time (ASET) in the downstream area of the fire source, and the longitudinal velocity should be controlled within 1 m/s. (2) When the transverse passageway for vehicles cannot be used for evacuation, the time necessary for safe evacuation increases by 43%. In order to ensure the safe evacuation, the transverse passageway intervals should be no more than 400m, and the transverse passageway for vehicles should have the function of pedestrian evacuation.
Field study on thermal environment and thermal adaptability of classrooms in Hefei area universities
Authors: Li Wei , Fu Kousuo , Shui Taotao , Gao Guotai , Yin Linjian , Wan Xiaokang , Lv Kefeng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to study the thermal environment and thermal comfort of university classrooms, a long-term on-site study of a university classroom in the Hefei area is carried out by combining questionnaires and on-site data collection. A thermal sensory model applicable to the university classroom in the Hefei area is established, and through analysis it is found that the measured thermal neutral temperature is lower than the predicted thermal neutral temperature under the PMV model, and the corresponding 90% acceptable temperature ranges under the measured and PMV models are 22.0~25.6°C and 17.2-24.9°C respectively. Opening and closing doors and windows and adding and removing clothing are the preferred thermal adaptive behaviors of the subjects when the indoor thermal environment changes.
Research on Highway Traffic Event Detection Method Based on Image Processing
Authors: Bao Lixia , Wang Qiulan , Qu Wenliang , Mo Xianglun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of the image processing technology of the expressway event detection system, this paper uses the background subtraction method and Camshift algorithm to detect and track the moving vehicle. Through sorting out the traffic event detection and processing process of Lian-Xu Expressway, the traffic event detection system is constructed, and the data processing module of the system is mainly studied to realize the detection and alarm of traffic events. The results show that the highway traffic incident detection system studied in this paper can complete the detection of traffic events in the video, improve the detection rate, and provide technical support for the highway safety management.
Characterization of edge damage induced on REBCO superconducting tape by mechanical slitting
Authors: Hartnett William N , Ramirez Javier , Olson Tanner E R , Hopp Christopher T , Jewell Matthew C , Knoll Allan R , Hazelton Drew W , Zhang Yifei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rare-earth barium-copper-oxide (REBCO) superconductors are high-field superconductors fabricated in a tape geometry that can be utilized in magnet applications well in excess of 20 T. Due to the multilayer architecture of the tape, delamination is one cause of mechanical failure in REBCO tapes. During a mechanical slitting step in the manufacturing process, edge cracks can be introduced into the tape. These cracks are thought to be potential initiation sites for crack propagation in the tapes when subjected to stresses in the fabrication and operation of magnet systems. We sought to understand which layers were the mechanically weakest by locating the crack initiation layer and identifying the geometrical conditions of the slitter that promoted or suppressed crack formation. The described cracking was investigated by selectively etching and characterizing each layer with scanning electron microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, and digital image analysis. Our analysis showed that the average crack lengths in the REBCO, LaMnO3 (LMO) and Al2O3 layers were 34 μm, 28 μm, and 15 μm, respectively. The total number of cracks measured in 30 mm of wire length was between 3000 and 5700 depending on the layer and their crack densities were 102 cracks mm−1 for REBCO, 108 cracks mm−1 for LMO, and 183 cracks mm−1 for Al2O3. These results indicated that there are separate crack initiation mechanisms for the REBCO and the LMO layers, as detailed in the paper. With a better understanding of the crack growth behavior exhibited by REBCO tapes, the fabrication process can be improved to provide a more mechanically stable and cost-effective superconductor.
Spatially explicit life cycle assessment of fish: comparison of local vs imported provision in Wisconsin
Authors: Ghamkhar Ramin , Hicks Andrea 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The global fish supply chain handles ∼179 million tons of product annually (as in 2018). Transportation and distribution are an important part of fish supply chain, as fish and shellfish are one of the largest globally traded food commodities with a trading value of ∼$153 billion in 2017. Here we show that disregarding the environmental impacts of fish transportation, either land transit or flight, neglects a noteworthy portion of total fish provisioning environmental impacts. We identified that local fish provision, considering (1) all Wisconsin counties as production points, (2) cities of Chicago, Milwaukee, and Minneapolis as consumption points, and (3) effective, semi-effective, and ineffective space heating approaches, has significantly lower environmental impacts than imported fish provision, considering flight transportation from offshore production points. Meaning the necessity to elevate local fish production capacity to enhance the environmental sustainability of fish provision is essential, despite potential elevated heating demands for cold-weather aquaculture.
Perspectives on COVID-19 vaccination among kidney and pancreas transplant recipients living in New York City
Authors: Tsapepas Demetra , Husain S Ali , King Kristen L , Burgos Yvonne , Cohen David J , Mohan Sumit 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but limited vaccine access and vaccine hesitancy can complicate efforts for expanded vaccination. We report patient perspectives and outcomes from a vaccine outreach initiative for a vulnerable population of transplant recipients living in New York City.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of qualitative perspectives from a COVID-19 vaccine outreach initiative. In the outreach effort, kidney and pancreas transplant recipients under care at the transplant center at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital were initially contacted electronically with educational material about vaccination followed by telephone outreach to eligible unvaccinated patients. Calls were used to schedule vaccine appointments for patients who agreed, answer questions, and assess attitudes and concerns for patients not yet ready to be vaccinated, with conversational themes recorded.

Results
Of the 1,078 patients living in the 5 New York City boroughs who had not reported receiving COVID-19 vaccination, 320 eligible patients were contacted by telephone. Of these, 210 patients were scheduled for vaccination at our vaccine site (including 13 who agreed to vaccination after initially declining), while 110 patients were either not ready or not interested in being vaccinated. The total number of patients willing to be vaccinated was 554 when also including those already vaccinated. Unwillingness to be vaccinated was associated with younger age (median age of 47 vs 60 years, P &lt; 0.001), Black race (P = 0.004), and residence in Bronx or Brooklyn counties (P = 0.018) or a zip code with a medium level of poverty (P = 0.044). The most common issues raised by patients who were ambivalent or not interested in vaccination were regarding unknown safety of the vaccines in general, a belief that there was a lack of data about the vaccines in transplant recipients, and a lack of trust in the scientific process underlying vaccine development, with 34% of the patients contacted expressing vaccine hesitancy overall.

Conclusion
Our qualitative summary identifies determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a diverse transplant patient population, supporting the need for transplant centers to implement tailored interventions to increase vaccine acceptance in this vulnerable population.
Rapidly Increasing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seroprevalence and Limited Clinical Disease in 3 Malian Communities: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sagara Issaka , Woodford John , Kone Mamady , Assadou Mahamadoun Hamady , Katile Abdoulaye , Attaher Oumar , Zeguime Amatigue , Doucoure M’Bouye , Higbee Emily , Lane Jacquelyn , Mohan Rathy , Doritchamou Justin , Zaidi Irfan , Esposito Dominic , Kwan Jennifer , Sadtler Kaitlyn , Dicko Alassane , Duffy Patrick E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
The extent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure and transmission in Mali and the surrounding region is not well understood. We aimed to estimate the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in 3 communities and understand factors associated with infection.

Methods
Between July 2020 and January 2021, we collected blood samples and demographic, social, medical, and self-reported symptoms information from residents aged 6 months and older over 2 study visits. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured using a highly specific 2-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay optimized for use in Mali. We calculated cumulative adjusted seroprevalence for each community and evaluated factors associated with serostatus at each visit by univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results
Overall, 94.8% (2533/2672) of participants completed both study visits. A total of 31.3% (837/2672) were aged &lt;10 years, 27.6% (737/2672) were aged 10–17 years, and 41.1% (1098/2572) were aged ≥18 years. The cumulative SARS-CoV-2 exposure rate was 58.5% (95% confidence interval, 47.5–69.4). This varied between sites and was 73.4% in the urban community of Sotuba, 53.2% in the rural town of Bancoumana, and 37.1% in the rural village of Donéguébougou. Study site and increased age were associated with serostatus at both study visits. There was minimal difference in reported symptoms based on serostatus.

Conclusions
The true extent of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in Mali is greater than previously reported and may now approach hypothetical “herd immunity” in urban areas. The epidemiology of the pandemic in the region may be primarily subclinical and within background illness rates.
Evaluation of the Infectious Diseases Society of America’s Core Antimicrobial Stewardship Curriculum for Infectious Diseases Fellows
Authors: Spicer Jennifer O , Armstrong Wendy S , Schwartz Brian S , Abbo Lilian M , Advani Sonali D , Barsoumian Alice E , Beeler Cole , Bennani Kenza , Holubar Marisa , Huang Misha , Ince Dilek , Justo Julie Ann , Lee Matthew S L , Logan Ashleigh , MacDougall Conan , Nori Priya , Ohl Christopher , Patel Payal K , Pottinger Paul S , Shnekendorf Rachel , Stack Conor , Van Schooneveld Trevor C , Willis Zachary I , Zhou Yuan , Luther Vera P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial stewardship (AS) programs are required by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and should ideally have infectious diseases (ID) physician involvement; however, only 50% of ID fellowship programs have formal AS curricula. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) formed a workgroup to develop a core AS curriculum for ID fellows. Here we study its impact.

Methods
ID program directors and fellows in 56 fellowship programs were surveyed regarding the content and effectiveness of their AS training before and after implementation of the IDSA curriculum. Fellows’ knowledge was assessed using multiple-choice questions. Fellows completing their first year of fellowship were surveyed before curriculum implementation (“pre-curriculum”) and compared to first-year fellows who complete the curriculum the following year (“post-curriculum”).

Results
Forty-nine (88%) program directors and 105 (67%) fellows completed the pre-curriculum surveys; 35 (64%) program directors and 79 (50%) fellows completed the post-curriculum surveys. Prior to IDSA curriculum implementation, only 51% of programs had a “formal” curriculum. After implementation, satisfaction with AS training increased among program directors (16% to 68%) and fellows (51% to 68%). Fellows’ confidence increased in 7/10 AS content areas. Knowledge scores improved from a mean of 4.6 to 5.1 correct answers of 9 questions (P = .028). The major hurdle to curriculum implementation was time, both for formal teaching and for e-learning.

Conclusions
Effective AS training is a critical component of ID fellowship training. The IDSA Core AS Curriculum can enhance AS training, increase fellow confidence, and improve overall satisfaction of fellows and program directors.
Transmural Response and Transmural Healing Defined by Intestinal Ultrasound: New Potential Therapeutic Targets?
Authors: Helwig Ulf , Fischer Imma , Hammer Leonie , Kolterer Stefanie , Rath Stefan , Maaser Christian , Kucharzik Torsten 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Intestinal ultrasound [IUS] is a useful modality to monitor patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Little is known about the use of IUS and appropriate definitions for transmural response [TR] and healing [TH]. We aimed to establish the use of IUS in monitoring TH as a potential target in routine medical practice.

Methods
Based on the prospective, non-interventional, multicentre studies TRUST and TRUST&UC, we conducted a post-hoc analysis of 351 IBD patients with increased bowel wall thickness [BWT]. We analysed the rates of patients achieving TR and TH, comparing three definitions of TH. In 137 Crohn’s disease [CD] patients, the predictive value of TR and TH was investigated for the clinical and sonographic outcome at week 52.

Results
Within 12 weeks of treatment intensification, 65.6% [n = 118] of CD patients and 76.6% [n = 131] of ulcerative colitis [UC] patients showed a TR. Depending on the definition, 23.9–37.2% [n = 58/67/43] of CD patients and 45.0–61.4% [n = 90/105/77] of UC patients had TH at week 12. CD patients with TH were more likely to reach clinical remission at week 12 (odds ratio [OR] 3.33 [1.09–10.2]; p = 0.044) and a favourable sonographic outcome (OR 5.59 [1.97–15.8]; p = 0.001) at week 52 compared with patients without TH.

Conclusions
IUS response and TH in a relevant proportion of patients suggests that IUS is a useful method to assess transmural inflammatory activity in daily clinical practice. TR and TH are predictive for the sonographic outcome at week 52.
Interactions in Public Policies: Spousal Responses and Program Spillovers of Welfare Reforms
Authors: Johnsen Julian Vedeler , Vaage Kjell , Willén Alexander 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper we exploit the introduction of an early retirement reform in Norway to provide new evidence on interactions in public policies across programs and household members. The analysis generates four results. First, the reform decreased the employment of the directly affected individuals. Second, the introduction of the early retirement option caused program substitution away from alternative welfare programs. Third, it reduced employment among spouses of directly affected individuals. Finally, the reduction in spousal employment was driven by take-up of disability insurance. These results demonstrate that interactions in public policies can have a substantial impact on the effect of welfare reforms.