bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic view of an amyloid dodecamer exhibiting selective cellular toxic vulnerability in acute brain slices
Authors: Gray Amber L. H. , Sawaya Michael R. , Acharyya Debalina , Lou Jinchao , Edington Emery M. , Best Michael D. , Prosser Rebecca A. , Eisenberg David S. , Do Thanh D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAtomic structures of amyloid oligomers that capture the neurodegenerative disease pathology are essential to understand disease‐state causes and finding cures. Here we investigate the G6W mutation of the cytotoxic, hexameric amyloid model KV11. The mutation results into an asymmetric dodecamer composed of a pair of 30° twisted antiparallel β‐sheets. The complete break between adjacent β‐strands is unprecedented among amyloid fibril crystal structures and supports that our structure is an oligomer. The poor shape complementarity between mated sheets reveals an interior channel for binding lipids, suggesting that the toxicity may be due to a perturbation of lipid transport rather than a direct disruption of membrane integrity. Viability assays on mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus, anterior hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex demonstrated selective regional vulnerability consistent with Alzheimer's disease. Neuropeptides released from the brain slices may provide clues to how G6W initiates cellular injury.
Leader‐following consensus of multiple spacecraft systems with disturbance rejection over switching networks by adaptive learning control
Authors: Wang Tianqi , Huang Jie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, we study the leader‐following attitude consensus and disturbance rejection problem of multiple uncertain rigid spacecraft systems over jointly connected switching networks. In contrast with the previous work, which can only handle disturbances in the form of step functions and trigonometric functions via the internal model approach, we allow the disturbances to be any bounded unknown time functions. Moreover, instead of static and connected communication networks, we can handle jointly connected switching networks, which can be disconnected at all time. These improvements are due to the integration of two techniques, namely, the adaptive distributed observer technique and the adaptive learning control technique. The effectiveness of our approach is illustrated by two numerical examples.
Hydrogen Bonding Crosslinking of Starch‐Polyvinyl Alcohol Films Reinforced by Ultrasound‐Assisted and Cellulose Nanofibers Dispersed Cellulose Nanocrystals
Authors: Jia Rui‐Jing , Teng Ke‐Yong , Huang Jia‐Yi , Wei Xin , Qin Zhi‐Yong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe study reports the effects of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and an ultrasound‐assisted method dispersed cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) on the mechanical and water resistance properties of starch‐polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films. Starch‐PVA (SP) based films are prepared by casting method, compared with the original SP films, the ultrasound‐assisted and CNF are beneficial to the dispersion of CNC in nanocomposites, and the tensile strength (TS) of the ultrasound treatment starch/PVA/CNC/CNF (USPCF) film is increased to 10.63 MPa, an increase by 60%. The cross‐section morphology of the USPCF film is smoother and more homogeneous, indicating the particle size of CNC is small. The structure of blend films is homogeneous and compact due to the CNC full playing to the nano‐effect, which is the main reason for the improvement of SP‐based films in mechanical properties. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy shows the hydrogen bonding is formed between SP and the fillers, while X‐ray diffraction shows that the crystallinity of nanocomposite films is decreased with ultrasonication. From the results, it can be concluded that CNF and ultrasound‐assisted dispersed nanoparticles could reinforce the SP‐based films efficiently to prepare green nanocomposite films.
Dry landscapes and parched economies: A review of how drought impacts nonagricultural socioeconomic sectors in the US Intermountain West
Authors: Wlostowski Adam N. , Jennings Keith S. , Bash Rachel E. , Burkhardt Jesse , Wobus Cameron W. , Aggett Graeme 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFrom hampering the ability of water utilities to fill their reservoirs to leaving forests parched and ready to burn, drought is a unique natural hazard that impacts many human and natural systems. A great deal of research and synthesis to date has been devoted to understanding how drought conditions harm agricultural operations, leaving other drought‐vulnerable sectors relatively under‐served. This review aims to fill in such gaps by synthesizing literature from a diverse array of scientific fields to detail how drought impacts nonagricultural sectors of the economy: public water supply, recreation and tourism, forest resources, and public health. We focus on the Intermountain West region of the United States, where the decadal scale recurrence of severe drought provides a basis for understanding the causal linkages between drought conditions and impacts.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Value of Water
Science of Water > Water Extremes
The time traveler’s guide to the quantization of zero modes
Authors: Alonso-Serrano Ana , Tjoa Erickson , Garay Luis J. , Martín-Martínez Eduardo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the relationship between the quantization of a massless scalar field on the two-dimensional Einstein cylinder and in a spacetime with a time machine. We find that the latter picks out a unique prescription for the state of the zero mode in the Einstein cylinder. We show how this choice arises from the computation of the vacuum Wightman function and the vacuum renormalized stress-energy tensor in the time-machine geometry. Finally, we relate the previously proposed regularization of the zero mode state as a squeezed state with the time-machine warp parameter, thus demonstrating that the quantization in the latter regularizes the quantization in an Einstein cylinder.
Celestial dual superconformal symmetry, MHV amplitudes and differential equations
Authors: Hu Yangrui , Ren Lecheng , Srikant Akshay Yelleshpur , Volovich Anastasia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Celestial and momentum space amplitudes for massless particles are related to each other by a change of basis provided by the Mellin transform. Therefore properties of celestial amplitudes have counterparts in momentum space amplitudes and vice versa. In this paper, we study the celestial avatar of dual superconformal symmetry of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Yang-Mills theory. We also analyze various differential equations known to be satisfied by celestial n-point tree-level MHV amplitudes and identify their momentum space origins.
A note on ensemble holography for rational tori
Authors: Raeymaekers Joris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study simple examples of ensemble-averaged holography in free compact boson CFTs with rational values of the radius squared. These well-known rational CFTs have an extended chiral algebra generated by three currents. We consider the modular average of the vacuum character in these theories, which results in a weighted average over all modular invariants. In the simplest case, when the chiral algebra is primitive (in a sense we explain), the weights in this ensemble average are all equal. In the non-primitive case the ensemble weights are governed by a semigroup structure on the space of modular invariants.These observations can be viewed as evidence for a holographic duality between the ensemble of CFTs and an exotic gravity theory based on a compact U(1) × U(1) Chern-Simons action. In the bulk description, the extended chiral algebra arises from soliton sectors, and including these in the path integral on thermal AdS3 leads to the vacuum character of the chiral algebra. We also comment on wormhole-like contributions to the multi-boundary path integral.
Inside an asymptotically flat hairy black hole
Authors: Dias Óscar J. C. , Horowitz Gary T. , Santos Jorge E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study the interior of a recently constructed family of asymptotically flat, charged black holes that develop (charged) scalar hair as one increases their charge at fixed mass. Inside the horizon, these black holes resemble the interior of a holographic superconductor. There are analogs of the Josephson oscillations of the scalar field, and the final Kasner singularity depends very sensitively on the black hole parameters near the onset of the instability. In an appendix, we give a general argument that Cauchy horizons cannot exist in a large class of stationary black holes with scalar hair.
A class of Newton maps with Julia sets of Lebesgue measure zero
Authors: Wolff Mareike 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLet $$g(z)=\int _0^zp(t)\exp (q(t))\,dt+c$$

g

(
z
)

=

∫
0
z

p

(
t
)

exp

(
q

(
t
)

)

d
t
+
c

where p, q are polynomials and $$c\in {\mathbb {C}}$$

c
∈
C

, and let f be the function from Newton’s method for g. We show that under suitable assumptions on the zeros of $$g''$$

g

′
′

the Julia set of f has Lebesgue measure zero. Together with a theorem by Bergweiler, our result implies that $$f^n(z)$$

f
n

(
z
)

converges to zeros of g almost everywhere in $${\mathbb {C}}$$
C
if this is the case for each zero of $$g''$$

g

′
′

that is not a zero of g or $$g'$$

g
′

. In order to prove our result, we establish general conditions ensuring that Julia sets have Lebesgue measure zero.
Xenobiotic metabolism and its physiological consequences in high-Antarctic Notothenioid fishes
Authors: Strobel Anneli , Lille-Langøy Roger , Segner Helmut , Burkhardt-Holm Patricia , Goksøyr Anders , Karlsen Odd André 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Antarctic ecosystem is progressively exposed to anthropogenic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). So far, it is largely unknown if PAHs leave a mark in the physiology of high-Antarctic fish. We approached this issue via two avenues: first, we examined the functional response of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), which is a molecular initiating event of many toxic effects of PAHs in biota. Chionodraco hamatus and Trematomus loennbergii served as representatives for high-Antarctic Notothenioids, and Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua as non-polar reference species. We sequenced and cloned the Ahr ligand binding domain (LBD) of the Notothenioids and deployed a GAL4-based luciferase reporter gene assay expressing the Ahr LBD. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), beta-naphthoflavone and chrysene were used as ligands for the reporter gene assay. Second, we investigated the energetic costs of Ahr activation in isolated liver cells of the Notothenioids during acute, non-cytotoxic BaP exposure. In the reporter assay, the Ahr LBD of Atlantic cod and the Antarctic Notothenioids were activated by the ligands tested herein. In the in vitro assays with isolated liver cells of high-Antarctic Notothenioids, BaP exposure had no effect on overall respiration, but caused shifts in the respiration dedicated to protein synthesis. Thus, our study demonstrated that high-Antarctic fish possess a functional Ahr that can be ligand-activated in a concentration-dependent manner by environmental contaminants. This is associated with altered cost for cellular protein synthesis. Future studies have to show if the toxicant-induced activation of the Ahr pathway may lead to altered organism performance of Antarctic fish.
Clinical responses following inspiratory muscle training in exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction
Authors: Sandnes Astrid , Andersen Tiina , Clemm Hege Havstad , Hilland Magnus , Heimdal John-Helge , Halvorsen Thomas , Røksund Ola Drange , Vollsæter Maria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is relatively common in young people. Treatment rests on poor evidence; however, inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been proposed a promising strategy. We aimed to assess laryngeal outcomes shortly after IMT, and to compare self-reported symptoms with a control group 4–6 years later.

Methods
Two groups were retrospectively identified from the EILO-register at Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; one group had received only information and breathing advice (IBA), and another additionally IMT (IBA + IMT). At diagnosis, all participants performed continuous laryngoscopy during exercise (CLE), with findings split by glottic and supraglottic scores, and completed a questionnaire mapping exercise-related symptoms. After 2–4 weeks, the IBA + IMT-group was re-evaluated with CLE-test. After 4–6 years, both groups were re-assessed with a questionnaire.

Results
We identified 116 eligible patients from the EILO-register. Response rates after 4–6 years were 23/58 (40%) and 32/58 (55%) in the IBA and IBA + IMT-group, respectively. At diagnosis, both groups rated symptoms similarly, but laryngeal scores were higher in the IBA + IMT-group (P = 0.003). After 2–4 weeks, 23/32 in the IBA + IMT-group reported symptom improvements, associated with a decrease of mainly glottic scores (1.7–0.3; P < 0.001), contrasting unchanged scores in the 9/32 without symptom improvements. After 4–6 years, exercise-related symptoms and activity levels had decreased to similar levels in both groups, with no added benefit from IMT; however, full symptom resolution was reported by only 8/55 participants.

Conclusion
Self-reported EILO symptoms had improved after 4–6 years, irrespective of initial treatment. Full symptom resolution was rare, suggesting individual follow-up should be offered.
Reductions in sleep quality and circadian activity rhythmicity predict longitudinal changes in objective and subjective cognitive functioning in women treated for breast cancer
Authors: Ancoli-Israel Sonia , Liu Lianqi , Natarajan Loki , Rissling Michelle , Neikrug Ariel B. , Youngstedt Shawn D. , Mills Paul J. , Sadler Georgia R. , Dimsdale Joel E. , Parker Barbara A. , Palmer Barton W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To examine long-term cognitive effects of chemotherapy and identify predictors among women with breast cancer (WBC).

Patients and methods
Sixty-nine WBC scheduled to receive chemotherapy, and 64 matched-controls with no cancer, participated. Objective and subjective cognition, total sleep time, nap time, circadian activity rhythms (CAR), sleep quality, fatigue, and depression were measured pre-chemotherapy (Baseline), end of cycle 4 (Cycle-4), and one-year post-chemotherapy (1-Year).

Results
WBC showed no change in objective cognitive measures from Baseline to Cycle-4 but significantly improved from both time points to 1-Year. Matched-controls showed an increase in test performance at all time points. WBC had significantly higher self-reported cognitive dysfunction at Cycle-4 and 1-Year compared to baseline and compared to matched-controls. Worse neuropsychological functioning was predicted by less robust CARs (i.e., inconsistent 24 h pattern), worse sleep quality, longer naps, and worse cognitive complaints. Worse subjective cognition was predicted by lower sleep quality and higher fatigue and depressed mood.

Conclusion
Objective testing showed increases in performance scores from pre- and post-chemotherapy to one year later in WBC, but matched-controls showed an increase in test performance from baseline to Cycle-4 and from Cycle-4 to 1-Year, likely due to a practice effect. The fact that WBC showed no practice effects may reflect a form of learning deficit. Compared with the matched-controls, WBC reported significant worsened cognitive function. In WBC, worse objective and subjective cognitive functioning were predicted by worse sleep and sleep-related behaviors (naps and CAR). Interventions that target sleep, circadian rhythms, and fatigue may benefit cognitive function in WBC.
Leukocyte profile variation in Dupont’s Lark (Chersophilus duponti) in Spain and Morocco
Authors: Bustillo-de la Rosa Daniel , Calero-Riestra María , Pérez-Granados Cristian , Mereu Silvia , Morales Manuel B. , Traba Juan , López-Iborra Germán M. , Barrero Adrián , Gómez-Catasús Julia , Reverter Margarita , Viñuela Javier , Oñate Juan J. , Hervás Israel , Justribó Jorge Hernández , García Jesús T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStress in birds has been widely studied through the measurement of heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (H/L ratio). In this study we aimed to assess for the first time the potential variation of stress, measured as H/L ratio, associated to geography (between-country variation) and seasonality (between seasons and within the breeding season), as well as the leukocyte profiles, in the threatened Dupont’s Lark (Chersophilus duponti), using samples from Spain and Morocco. Furthermore, we tested whether variation in H/L ratio was associated with variables such as population density, presence of blood parasites and individual body condition. We found that H/L ratio did not vary between countries, but individuals captured during the breeding season showed higher values of H/L compared to non-breeding ones. Neither male density, nor date within the breeding season had an effect on the H/L ratio. In Spain, individuals with higher body condition showed lower H/L ratio regardless of whether they were malaria-infected. In Morocco, malaria-infected individuals showed higher values of H/L ratio than the non-infected birds. Moreover, we found that our average values of H/L ratio in Morocco were within the ranges of other passerines, but not in Spain. Individuals with higher H/L ratios may be more stressed or present higher capability to face stressful situations. Although H/L ratio is a useful and relatively easy way to obtain measure of stress, the impact that the environment might have on stress and the way it is explained by H/L ratio must be addressed carefully. This study provides new insight for this species’ biology and provides useful reference information to test the status and survival of other populations.
Turbulence Intensity and Length Scale Effects on Premixed Turbulent Flame Propagation
Authors: Trivedi Shrey , Cant R. S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe effects of varying turbulence intensity and turbulence length scale on premixed turbulent flame propagation are investigated using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). The DNS dataset contains the results of a set of turbulent flame simulations based on separate and systematic changes in either turbulence intensity or turbulence integral length scale while keeping all other parameters constant. All flames considered are in the thin reaction zones regime. Several aspects of flame behaviour are analysed and compared, either by varying the turbulence intensity at constant integral length scale, or by varying the integral length scale at constant turbulence intensity. The turbulent flame speed is found to increase with increasing turbulence intensity and also with increasing integral length scale. Changes in the turbulent flame speed are generally accounted for by changes in the flame surface area, but some deviation is observed at high values of turbulence intensity. The probability density functions (pdfs) of tangential strain rate and mean flame curvature are found to broaden with increasing turbulence intensity and also with decreasing integral length scale. The response of the correlation between tangential strain rate and mean flame curvature is also investigated. The statistics of displacement speed and its components are analysed, and the findings indicate that changes in response to decreasing integral length scale are broadly similar to those observed for increasing turbulence intensity, although there are some interesting differences. These findings serve to improve current understanding of the role of turbulence length scales in flame propagation.
Fairly and Justly? Are Employment Tribunals Able to Even Out Whistleblowing Power Imbalances?
Authors: William Laura , Vandekerckhove Wim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn Britain, Employment Tribunals (ET) adjudicate on whistleblowing legislation. They do so with the overriding aim to adjudicate cases fairly and justly, by hearing parties on an equal footing. This paper presents research questioning this rule-of-law assumption vis-a-vis power imbalances that relate to whistleblowing. Using multinomial logistic regression analysis, we analyse all cases at ET in England and Wales between 2015 and 2018, that included a whistleblowing claim and that went to preliminary hearing or beyond. We find that several variables have an effect on the relative representational strength (RRS) at ET, but not on the outcome of the whistleblowing claim. However, whistleblowing claims brought in combination of discrimination claims (41%) have lower RRS and less favourable outcomes for the whistleblowing claim.
Epicardial fat volume is associated with preexisting atrioventricular conduction abnormalities and increased pacemaker implantation rate in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Weferling Maren , Rolf Andreas , Fischer-Rasokat Ulrich , Liebetrau Christoph , Renker Matthias , Choi Yeoung-Hoon , Hamm Christian W. , Dey Damini , Kim Won-Keun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEpicardial fat tissue (EFT) is a highly metabolically active fat depot surrounding the heart and coronary arteries that is related to early atherosclerosis and adverse cardiac events. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the amount of EFT and preexisting cardiac conduction abnormalities (CCAs) and the need for new postinterventional pacemaker in patients with severe aortic stenosis planned for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). A total of 560 consecutive patients (54% female) scheduled for TAVI were included in this retrospective study. EFT volume was measured via a fully automated artificial intelligence software (QFAT) using computed tomography (CT) performed before TAVI. Baseline CCAs [first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, right bundle branch block (RBBB), and left bundle branch block (LBBB)] were diagnosed according to 12-lead ECG before TAVI. Aortic valve calcification was determined by the Agatston score assessed in the pre-TAVI CT. The median EFT volume was 129.5 ml [IQR 94–170]. Baseline first-degree AV block was present in 17%, RBBB in 10.4%, and LBBB in 10.2% of the overall cohort. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, higher EFT volume was associated with first-degree AV block (OR 1.006 [95% CI 1.002–1.010]; p = 0.006) and the need for new pacemaker implantation after TAVI (OR 1.005 [95% CI 1.0–1.01]; p = 0.035) but not with the presence of RBBB or LBBB. EFT volume did not correlate with the Agatston score of the aortic valve. Greater EFT volume is associated independently with preexisting first-degree AV block and new pacemaker implantation in patients undergoing TAVI. It may play a causative role in degenerative processes and the susceptibility of the AV conduction system.