bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Age Group Selection and Development of a Nomogram To Predict Complications in Patients Undergoing Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: XU Kui-shuai , ZHANG Liang , REN Zhongkai , WANG Tianrui , ZHAO Xia , YU Teng-bo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose

By comparing the occurrence of complications at 30 days after Simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (SBTKA) for each age group, the optimal age range of patients receiving SBTKA was determined.An individualized histogram model was established to predict complications within 30 days after SBTKA.
Methods

The general data of 861 patients who received SBTKA in our hospital on January 1, 2012 and March 31, 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the age of the patients, they were divided into four ages: less than 60 years old, 60 to 64 years old, 65 to 69 years old and over 70 years old. The incidence of complications in different ages was studied.According to the occurrence of complications, 96 cases were included in the complication group and 765 cases in the non-complication group. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine and screen out the independent risk factors for complications after SBTKA, and then R software was used to construct the prediction model of the nomogram.The area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were selected to evaluate the nomogram.
Results

Patients aged 60 to 64 years had the lowest overall postoperative complication rate (7.17%).Five independent predictors were identified by multivariate analysis and were used to establish the nomogram.The AUC of the nomogram was 0.851(95%CI:0.819–0.883).The calibration curve showed that the prediction of nomogram was highly consistent with the actual observation, and DCA showed that nomogram had good clinical usefulness.
Conclusion

The optimal age group for SBTKA is between 60 and 64 years of age, where the incidence of complications is lowest.Older age, lower preoperative hemoglobin levels, higher preoperative blood urea nitrogen(BUN) levels, longer operation time, and ASA grade ≥ III were identified as independent predictors of complications within 30 days after SBTKA.A nomogram containing the above five predictors could accurately predict the risk of complications within 30 days after SBTKA.
The Cardioprotective Effect of Combined Therapy With α-Lipoic Acid Preconditioning and Ischemic Postconditioning Is Mediated by the Improvement of Autophagy Flux and Mitochondrial Function in Myocardial Reperfusion Injury of Diabetic Rats
Authors: Shadbad Mahdi Abdoli , Mokhtari Behnaz , Alihemmati Alireza , Abolhasanpour Nasrin , Javadi Aniseh , Badalzadeh Reza 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Investigating the interaction of diabetes with ischemic postconditioning (IPostC)-associated cardioprotection in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage is of great clinical importance. The present work was performed to evaluate the combined effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) and IPostC on autophagy flux and mitochondrial function following myocardial I/R damage in type-II diabetic rats. Diabetes with duration of 12 weeks was induced by high-fat diet/low dose of streptozotocin. LA (500 mg/kg/day) was administered orally in diabetic rats for 5 weeks before I/R. The hearts were removed and mounted on Langendorff apparatus. I/R was induced through the ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for 35 min and reperfusion for 60 min. IPostC was applied immediately at the onset of the reperfusion. Lastly, myocardial infarct size (IS), autophagy markers at both gene and protein levels, and mitochondrial ROS production and membrane potential were assessed. Combination of LA and IPostC significantly decreased the IS of diabetic hearts (P < 0.05). IPostC alone could not significantly decrease p62 gene and protein expressions, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization in diabetic hearts. However, combination of LA and IPostC more significantly decreased LC3 and p62 gene expressions (P < 0.01), LC3II/LC3I and p62 protein expressions (P < 0.01), and mitochondrial ROS generation and membrane depolarization (P < 0.01) in diabetic hearts. Pretreatment with LA in diabetic rats notably restored cardioprotection by IPostC via modulation of autophagy flux and restoring mitochondrial function. This combined conditioning might be an effective strategy to diminish I/R injury in diabetic hearts.
Recovery of A Native Tree Following Removal of An Invasive Competitor In The Context of Potential Endangered Bird Habitat
Authors: Goetz Alexander , Moffit Ian , Sher Anna A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Invasive species removal is a common focus in restoration ecology, but the ultimate goal of native plant species recovery and habitat recovery is often elusive. Control of invasive Tamarix spp. shrubs in the American Southwest has only sometimes led to increased native species cover; this is of particular concern for the protection of the endangered Southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax extimus trailii, abbr. SWFL) that nests readily in Tamarix when native Salix canopy is absent. If we can identify the conditions that lead to more native trees as well as habitat protection for the SWFL, we can prioritize restoration efforts more effectively and reduce conflict between conservation goals. To determine whether reduction in the invasive Tamarix led to more Salix cover (and thus no net loss in SWFL habitat), we compiled data on vegetation, soils, and geographic conditions in 260 sites where Tamarix had been subject to control efforts and 132 positive and negative reference sites. We found that (1) reduction in Tamarix only increased Salix cover in wetter sites, and was greater when a particular, low-disturbance removal method was used; however the increase did not typically compensate for the overall losses in canopy cover, and (2) Salix cover was generally highest in locations with low drought stress, as reflected by soil properties, distance to water, and climate. These results suggest that the presence and recovery of Salix is dependent on its relatively narrow environmental niche, in contrast with Tamarix’s broader one. Thus, although abundance of Salix and Tamarix was negatively correlated, this is likely because of Salix’s different niche, as much as or more than direct interspecific competition. Our findings demonstrate that removal of an invasive species does not necessarily lead to reestablishment of the native species they appeared to displace. We suggest that in the case of promoting habitat for SWFL and other birds, outcomes of restoration activity can be improved by focusing Tamarix removal efforts on sites more likely to promote Salix growth based on environmental characteristics.
Immunolocalization of Antibacterial Peptide S100A7 in Goat Mammary Gland and Lipopolysaccharide Induces the Expression and Secretion of S100A7 in Goat Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells via TLR4/NFκB Signal Pathway
Authors: Yan Yutong , Fan Mingzhen , Zhu Kunyuan , Miao Yuyang , Zhao Xiaoe , Pan Menghao , Ma Baohua , Wei Qiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The antimicrobial peptide (AMP) S100A7, with antimicrobial activities for a broad spectrum of bacteria, have attracted more and more attention for the prevention and treatment of mastitis. However, in goat mastitis, there is little information about the expression and regulation mechanism of S100A7. In present study, the immunolocalization of S100A7 in healthy and mastitis goat udder were compared. In order to further explore the regulatory mechanism of S100A7 expression in mammary epithelial cells (MECs), goat MECs were isolated and treated by 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) respectively for different time.Results: Both in healthy and mastitis goat teat, S100A7 was mainly expressed in stratified squamous epithelium of teat skin and streak canal. In healthy goat mammary gland, weakly S100A7 immunoreactivity was present in the alveolus. But in the collapsed alveolus of mastitis goat mammary gland, densely S100A7 immunoreactivity could be observed.The goat MECs were treated by 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL LPS respectively for different time. For all of these four groups, after treatment for 3 h, increase in S100A7 mRNA expression and protein secretion were detected compared to control (p<0.05). For 10 and 20μg/mL LPS groups, after treatment for 6 h, the mRNA and secreted protein levels of S100A7 were remarkably up-regulated compared to control(p<0.01). For all of these four groups, the secretion level of S100A7 descended after 48 h treatment. Moreover, after treatment with LPS, the mRNA levels of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) and MyD88 were up-regulated, and the phosphorylation of p65 was up-regulated markedly compared to control. However, adding TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 or/and NF-κB inhibitor QNZ significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of p-65，and then inhibited the expression and secretion of S100A7 induced by LPS treatment.Conclusions: S100A7 was mainly expressed in stratified squamous epithelium of teat skin and streak canal. In mastitis goat mammary gland alveolus, the expression level of S100A7 was up-regulated compared to that in healthy goat. LPS induced the expression and secretion of S100A7 in goat MECs depended on concentration and treatment duration. Moreover, LPS induced the expression and secretion of S100A7 in goat MECs via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Quantifying Factors Associated With Birth Outcomes and Their Implications on Evaluating the Success of a Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine Program in Kenya
Authors: Nyiro Joyce U. , Bukusi Elizabeth , Mwaengo Dufton , Walumbe David , Nyaguara Amek , Kipkoech Collins , Nyawanda Bryan , Bigogo Godfrey , Otieno Nancy , Aol George , Audi Allan , Murunga Nickson , Berkley James A. , Nokes D James , Munywoki Patrick 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMaternal immunisation to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated disease among infants is in focus. However, little is known about adverse birth outcomes and associated factors occurring in a setting with high morbidities of malaria, HIV infection and undernutrition. Quantifying these ahead of introduction of a maternal vaccine would assist in assessing an association between RSV vaccination and adverse birth outcomes. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data on birth outcomes from women residents of the health and demographic surveillance systems (HDSS) of Siaya and Kilifi, Kenya and from the maternity wards of Siaya County referral hospital and Bondo sub-county hospital. Participants of the HDSS sites had pregnancies registered in the years 2017 to 2020 through census rounds and were traced at home for interview. All women had a birth outcome by the time of data collection. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors of adverse birth outcomes. Results A total of 2219 women were interviewed. Median age during pregnancy was 27.7yrs (range: 22.7-32.4), 1857 (83.7%) attended antenatal care clinic (ANC), 1,979 (89.2%) delivered at a health facility and 2204 (99.3%) reported they would take up a new maternal vaccine. Adverse birth outcomes occurred in 781 (35%) of pregnancies; 490 (62.7%) were preterm, 247 (31.6%) low birth weight, 189 (24.2%) macrosomia and 42 (5.4%) still births. Predictors of adverse birth outcomes were, eclampsia (AOR 6.86 (1.40-33.60); p=0.017), gestational diabetes (AOR 3.01 (1.24-7.30; p=0.015), and home delivery (AOR 2.48 (1.20-5.13); p=0.014). Being multiparous (AOR 0.52 (0.33-0.81); p=0.004) was protective. Home delivery was significantly associated with older maternal age 40-49 years (p=0.001), multiparous >5 (p=0.001), level of formal education below primary (p=0.001) and Islamic religion (p=0.001). ConclusionsIn this maternal population, about a third of pregnancies have adverse birth outcomes. Recognizing this baseline prevalence will be important in validating safety of a new maternal vaccine. Monitoring of the actual safety outcomes of the maternal RSV vaccine, will require integrated initiatives to mitigate against factors affecting utilization of maternal healthcare services and individual factors associated with adverse birth outcomes.
Comparison of 11 Respiratory Pathogens Among Hospitalized Children Before and After the COVID-19 Epidemic in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Li Li , Wang Heping , Liu Ailiang , Wang Rongjun , Zhi Tingting , Zheng Yuejie , Bao Yanming , Chen Yunsheng , Wang Wenjian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on existing respiratory pathogens in circulation remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the prevalence of respiratory pathogens among hospitalized children.Methods: This study enrolled hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Shenzhen Children’s Hospital from September to December 2019 (before the COVID-19 epidemic) and those from September to December 2020 (after the COVID-19 epidemic). Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, and respiratory pathogens were detected using multiplex PCR. The absolute case number and detection rates of 11 pathogens were collected and analyzed.Results: A total of 5696 children with respiratory tract infection received multiplex PCR examination for respiratory pathogens: 2298 from September to December 2019 and 3398 from September to December 2020. At least one pathogen was detected in 1850 (80.5%) patients in 2019, and in 2380 (70.0%) patients in 2020; the detection rate in 2020 was significantly lower than that in 2019. The detection rates reflected changes in these pathogens when the COVID-19 epidemic was well controlled. The Influenza A (InfA) detection rate was 5.6% in 2019, but 0% in 2020. The detection rates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Human adenovirus, and Human rhinovirus also decreased from 20% (460), 8.9% (206), and 41.8% (961) in 2019 to 1.0% (37), 2.1% (77), and 25.6% (873) in 2020, respectively. In contrast, the detection rates of Human respiratory syncytial virus, Human parainfluenza virus, and Human metapneumovirus increased from 6.6% (153), 9.9% (229), and 0.5% (12) in 2019 to 25.6% (873), 15.5% (530), and 7.2% (247) in 2020, respectively (p < 0.0001).Conclusions: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 was associated with the substantial reduction in the circulation of respiratory pathogens including influenza virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, as well as with the increase in respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, and human metapneumovirus in Shenzhen. The reasons for this phenomenon require further studies.
The Effects of Plant Growth Regulators On The Oil Content And Fatty Acid Composition of Ricinus Communis L.: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ergun Zeynep 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators in callus cell culture on the oil content and fatty acid composition of the castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Ricinus communis L. are valued for its oil and the performance of oil is closely related to its fatty acid composition. Thus, producing oil in vitro with favored fatty acid profiles is a promising research area and may also offer industrial opportunities. In line with this, the total amount of fat and the fatty acid composition of the samples, which were endosperm and calli obtained by treatment of various doses of plant growth regulators were determined. Results showed that the type and amount of the plant growth regulator used in the media affect the fatty acid composition. In detail, the biggest change was shown by Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), in general, using the plant growth regulators at 5 mgL-1, instead of 20 mgL-1, was found to have induced larger differentiations. The effect of a natural plant growth regulator (IAA) on fatty acid profiles was larger than the synthetic ones (NAA, 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid, and 2,4 D, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The media containing 5 mgL-1 of NAA, 20 mgL-1 of NAA, 20 mgL-1 of 2,4 D, or 5 mgL-1 of 2,4 D gave similar results.
Climate Change and Invasion Expansion Jointly Reshape Geographic Ranges of Invasive Tephritid Fruit Flies
Authors: Zhao Zihua , Zhang Yu , Avila Gonzalo A , Han Peng , Pan Xubin , Qin Yujia , Li Zhihong , Reddy Gadi V.P. , Kleunen Mark van , Hui Cang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Human-mediated species introductions have greatly contributed significantly to the current global alteration of the biosphere, with many invasive species rapidly expanding their geographic ranges, leading to changes in biodiversity and disruptions of ecosystem functioning. With a modified SDM that considers both extensive data coverage and the distance to previously already occupied areas, we show continued shifts and expansions of geographic ranges of two globally invasive tephritid pest species Bactrocera dorsalis and Ceratitis capitata). Both tephritid pests are still expanding globally, with their geographic ranges estimated to have expanded by 65% and 22% in the past three decades. The potential future geographic distributions of B. dorsalis and C. capitata under four scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) for 2050 highlighted some key changes when compared to their current occurrences. Under all four RCPs by 2050, the potential geographic distribution of C. capitata was predicted to shrink by 5-14%, while the distribution of B. dorsalis was predicted to increase by 12-15%. Under different climate scenarios for 2050, B. dorsalis could experience a notable poleward expansion with increasing connectivity in its future geographic distribution. The two tephritids will continue to co-occur in Africa, with B. dorsalis experiencing higher suitability in most regions where they overlap. Climate changes were estimated to contribute more, than non-equilibrial invasion expansion, to changes in the geographic ranges of the two tephritid pests. The forecasted potential geographic distributions could enhance regional biosecurity preparedness in future climates and mitigate proactively the economic loss from these fruit fly pests.
The SARS-CoV-2 host cell membrane fusion protein TMPRSS2 is a tumor suppressor and its downregulation promotes antitumor immunity and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Zhixian , Zhang Zhilan , Feng Qiushi , Wang Xiaosheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Cancer patients are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. An investigation into the association between the SARS-CoV-2 host cell membrane fusion protein TMPRSS2 and lung cancer is significant, considering that lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and that the lungs are the primary organ SARS-CoV-2 attacks.
Methods
Using five lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) genomics datasets, we explored associations between TMPRSS2 expression and immune signatures, cancer-associated pathways, tumor progression phenotypes, and clinical prognosis in LUAD by the bioinformatics approach. We validated the findings from the bioinformatics analysis through in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical samples we collected.
Results
TMPRSS2 expression levels were negatively correlated with the enrichment levels of both antitumor immune signatures and immunosuppressive signatures in LUAD. However, TMPRSS2 expression levels showed a significant positive correlation with the ratios of immune-stimulatory/immune-inhibitory signatures (CD8 + T cells/PD-L1) in LUAD. TMPRSS2 downregulation correlated with elevated activities of many oncogenic pathways in LUAD, including cell cycle, mismatch repair, p53, and extracellular matrix signaling. TMPRSS2 downregulation correlated with increased proliferation, stemness, genomic instability, tumor advancement, and worse survival in LUAD. In vitro and in vivo experiments validated the association of TMPRSS2 deficiency with increased tumor cell proliferation and invasion and antitumor immunity in LUAD. Moreover, in vivo experiments demonstrated that TMPRSS2-knockdown tumors were more sensitive to BMS-1, an inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1.
Conclusion
TMPRSS2 is a tumor suppressor, while its downregulation is a positive biomarker of immunotherapy in LUAD. Our data provide a connection between lung cancer and pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Inventory Reveals Wide Edible Insects’ Biodiversity in Selected Territories of South-Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Ishara Jackson , Ayagirwe Rodrigue , Karume Katcho , Mushagalusa Gustave , Bugeme David , Niassy Saliou , Udomkun Patchimaporn , Kinyuru John 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In response to growing food demand, edible insects are seen as a potential source to alleviate food insecurity. With its wide edible insects’ biodiversity, the Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in Africa. This study aimed at giving a first insight on the inventory showing diversity, perception, consumption, availability, host plants, harvesting techniques and processing techniques of edible insects in South-Kivu, DRC. It recorded twenty-three edible insects belonging to nine families and five orders, some of which are consumed in the larval, adult, egg and pupa stages. Rhyncophorus phoenicis, Alphitobius diaperinus, Macrotermes subhylanus and Acheta domesticus were the most preferred edible insects in Fizi Territory, Ruspolia differens and Apis melifera larvae in Kabare Territory, Imbrasia oyemensis, Imbrasia epimethea, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and Rhyncophorus phoenicis in Mwenga Territory, Ruspolia differens, Macrotermes subhylanus, Gryllotalpa africana, Nsike, Nomadacris septemfasciata and Apis melifera larvae in Walungu Territory. R. differens, I. oyemensis, A. melifera larvae, G. africana and Nsike were preferred for their taste. A. domesticus, A. diaperinus and A. melifera larvae were abundant throughout the year, while the others were only available for 9 months or less per year. Numerous plants have been recorded as their hosts, including plants used for food and income. Harvesting strategies and period, processing methods and preservation techniques depend on insect species, local knowledge and practices. These findings suggest similar and thoroughly studies on entomophagy across the country, while encouraging the rearing of edible insects to address the high existing demand and environmental need.
Lipid-Glycoadjuvant@AuNPs Inhibits Tumor Gowth and Regulates Tumor Microenvironments by Tumor-Specific CTL-Ferived IFNγ
Authors: Xu Xiaojing , Yi Cheng , Ge Youzhen , Feng Tianyun , Liu Mengjie , Wu Cenhao , Chen Xiang , Zou Jun , Zhang Weidong , Zhao Lixiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Inducing tumor-specific T cell responses and regulating suppressive tumor microenvironments have been a challenge for effective tumor therapy. CpG (ODN), the Toll-like receptor 9 agonist, has been widely used as adjuvants of cancer vaccines to induce T cell responses. However, clinical benefits of CpG based tumor vaccine were limited primarily due to the poor targeting to lymph nodes. Here we developed a lipid-glycoadjuvant@AuNPs (LCpG) by covalent conjugation of CpG with lipid-glycopolymers, which could be rapidly transported to and retained longer in the lymphoid nodes than unmodified CpG. In melanoma model, LCpG controlled both primary tumor and its metastasis, and established long-term memory. In spleen and tumor draining lymphoid nodes, LCpG activated tumor-specific Tc1 responses, with increased CD8+ T-cell proliferation, antigen–specific Tc1 cytokine production and specific-tumor killing capacity. In tumor microenvironments, antigen-specific Tc1 induced by the LCpG promoted CTL infiltration, skewed tumor associated macrophages to M1 phenotype, inhibited Treg differentiation and induced proinflammatory cytokines production in a CTL-derived IFN-γ-dependent manner. In vivo cell depletion and adoptive transfer experiments confirmed that antitumor activity of LCpG included vaccine was mainly dependent on CTL-derived IFN-γ. The anti-tumor efficacy of LCpG was dramatically enhanced when combined with anti-PD1 immunotherapy. Together, our results demonstrated that LCpG was a promising adjuvant for vaccine formulation which could augment tumor-specific Tc1 activity, and regulate tumor microenvironments.