bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mother's curse is pervasive across a large mitonuclearDrosophilapanel
Authors: Carnegie Lorcan , Reuter Max , Fowler Kevin , Lane Nick , Camus M. Florencia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe maternal inheritance of mitochondrial genomes entails a sex-specific selective sieve, whereby mutations in mitochondrial DNA can only respond to selection acting on females. In theory, this enables male-harming mutations to accumulate in mitochondrial genomes as long as they are neutral, beneficial, or only slightly deleterious to females. Ultimately, this bias could drive the evolution of male-specific mitochondrial mutation loads, an idea known as mother's curse. Earlier work on this hypothesis has mainly used small Drosophila panels, in which naturally sourced mitochondrial genomes were coupled to an isogenic nuclear background. The lack of nuclear genetic variation in these designs has precluded robust generalization. Here, we test the predictions of mother's curse using a large Drosophila mitonuclear genetic panel, comprising nine isogenic nuclear genomes coupled to nine mitochondrial haplotypes, giving a total of 81 different mitonuclear genotypes. Following a predictive framework, we tested the mother's curse hypothesis by screening our panel for wing size. This trait is tightly correlated with overall body size and is sexually dimorphic in Drosophila. Moreover, growth is heavily reliant on metabolism and mitochondrial function, making wing size an ideal trait for the study of the impact of mitochondrial variation. We detect high levels of mitonuclear epistasis, and more importantly, we report that mitochondrial genetic variance is larger in male than female Drosophila for eight out of the nine nuclear genetic backgrounds used. These results demonstrate that the maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA does indeed modulate male life history traits in a more generalisable way than previously demonstrated.
An efficient iterative method for radiation heat conduction problems
Authors: Yao Yanzhong , Miao Shuai , Lv Guixia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo solve radiation hydrodynamics problems efficiently, a well‐designed iterative method is crucial. In practical applications, the conventional Picard iterative method is widely used due to its advantages, such as implementation simplicity and no Jacobian matrix computations. However, its convergence rate is very low. To address the “slow convergence” problem, we present an acceleration strategy based on simple iterative methods by the relaxation technique in this article, and construct a general iteration acceleration framework which unifies simple iterative methods with some second order iterative methods in form. By this acceleration strategy, we develop and analyze an improved iterative method for the nonlinear heat equation based on the characteristics of the finite volume schemes, and compare with the conventional Picard method. Numerical results indicate that, the improved iterative method is much faster than the conventional Picard method while retaining its main advantages, and the finer the computational grids become, the closer the convergence rate approaches to the second order. In addition, according to the guidance of the acceleration framework, it is easy to design novel iterative schemes for radiation heat conduction equations.
Investigating the structural properties and in vitro digestion of rice flours
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Adil , Murtaza Mian Anjum , Aadil Rana Muhammad , Arshad Rizwan , Rahaman Abdul , Siddique Rabia , Hassan Sadia , Akhtar Hafiz Muhammad Saleem , Manzoor Muhammad Faisal , Karrar Emad , Ali Amjad , Haq Ahsan Ul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe physicochemical properties, swelling power, solubility, and digestibility of flour from four rice varieties (black, brown, white, and waxy rice flour) were analyzed. The results showed that the black and brown rice had high‐amylose percentage (21.8% and 20.5%), a relatively low percentage of starch content (68.1% and 79.1%), and lower swelling power (6.6% and 7.6%) and solubility (13.5% and 15.7%), respectively. Waxy rice flour attributed to lower gelatinization temperatures and higher enthalpy values. Meanwhile, the brown, black, and white rice showed higher gelatinization temperature and lower enthalpy value. The black and brown rice flour exhibited lower pasting and viscosity values as compared to waxy rice flour. The results showed that all rice flour had an A‐type X‐ray diffraction pattern, and after cooking all rice flour showed V‐type polymorphs except waxy rice flour. Brown and black rice flour after cooking have lower digestion rate than white rice and waxy rice flour, probably due to its lower expansion and solubility rates, and higher gelatinization temperature.
Effects of microwave treatment on the stability and antioxidant capacity of a functional wheat bran
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhang Jinli , Wang Wentao , Hou Hanxue 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA functional wheat bran (FWB) was obtained from wheat grains that were rich in wheat aleurone. The effects of the microwave (MW) power (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 kW) and treatment time (15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 s) on the moisture and free fatty acid (FFA) content, lipase activity, and antioxidant activity of the FWB were investigated. The purpose of this study is to stabilize the FWB against lipid oxidation and rancidity and as much as possible to retain its antioxidant activities. MW treatment significantly decreased the FFA content, moisture content, and lipase activity of the FWB. Moreover, MW treatment significantly increased the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of the FWB without drastically altering its color. MW treatment at 7.5 kW and 120 s was found to be optimal for stabilizing the FWB and increasing its antioxidant activity. The stabilized FWB was proven to be far more stable than the control FWB during storage. Thus, MW treatment is an effective stabilization method for the storage and utilization of FWB. Additional research is needed for the exact mechanism of the decrease of FFA content and increase of antioxidant activity of FWB induced by MW treatment.
Alpha‐lipoic acid alleviates NAFLD and triglyceride accumulation in liver via modulating hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway in type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Ko Chih‐Yuan , Lo Yangming Martin , Xu Jian‐Hua , Chang Wen‐Chang , Huang Da‐Wei , Wu James Swi‐Bea , Yang Cho‐Hua , Huang Wen‐Chung , Shen Szu‐Chuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The activation of nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich‐containing family, pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the liver may lead to hepatic fat accumulation. Alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA) has been reported to improve IR in a T2DM rodent model. We investigated the effects of ALA on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and fat accumulation in the liver of a high‐fat diet (HFD) plus streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced T2DM rats. The HFD/STZ‐induced T2DM rats were orally administered ALA (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg BW) once a day for 13 weeks. The results showed that the liver triglyceride contents of T2DM rats were 11.35 ± 1.84%, whereas the administration of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW ALA significantly reduced the liver triglyceride contents of T2DM rats to 4.14 ± 0.59%, 4.02 ± 0.41%, and 3.01 ± 1.07%, respectively. Moreover, 200 mg/kg BW ALA significantly decreased the hepatic levels of NLRP3 inflammasome activation‐related proteins NLRP3, caspase‐1, and interleukin‐1β expression by 40.0%, 60.1%, and 24.5%, respectively, in T2DM rats. Furthermore, the expression levels of hepatic fat synthesis‐related proteins decreased, namely a 45.4% decrease in sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c, whereas the expression of hepatic lipid oxidation‐related proteins increased, including a 27.5% increase in carnitine palmitoyltransferase, in T2DM rats after 200 mg/kg BW ALA treatment. We concluded that ALA treatment may suppress hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome activation, consequently alleviating NAFLD and excess hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD/STZ‐induced T2DM rats.
Impact of thermal extrusion and microwave vacuum drying on fatty acids profile during fish powder preparation
Authors: Ahmad Nazir , Hussain Abid , Khan Sipper , Korma Sameh A. , Hussain Ghulam , Aadil Rana Muhammad , Siddique Rabia , Ali Anwar , Shabbir Umair , Haq Ahsan Ul , Manzoor Muhammad Faisal , Siddeeg Azhari 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe current study aimed to optimize the process for ready‐to‐eat extruded fish powder preparation and to ascertain the impact of two methods on fatty acid profiles. For the investigation, Labeo rohita (Rohu) fish was first minced, extruded, and microwave vacuum‐dried. The results show that the yield for extruded fish powder (EFP) fluctuated from 22.32% to 29.07%. The maximum retention for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was 3.24 ± 0.08 g/100 g lipids, 2.74 ± 0.05 g/100 g lipids, and 1.24 ± 0.09 g/100 g lipids, by using different extrusion parameters. Moreover, nonsignificant changes were observed during 0 days, and 1 and 3 months of storage (at 4°C and 25°C) for DHA, AA, and EPA, whereas significant results were recorded for the samples stored for 6 months at 25°C. Also, the maximum peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values (TBARS) were 1.72 ± 0.04 meq/kg fat and 0.135 ± 0.008 mg malondialdehyde/kg fat. It is anticipated from the outcomes that the study will be helpful to prepare value‐added food products in future studies.
Off‐market block trades: New evidence on transparency and information efficiency
Authors: Frino Alex 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the price impact of off‐market block trades in futures markets. Consistent with previous literature based on stock markets, a statistically significant price reaction is documented around the time that the trades are executed. This paper extends previous work by documenting a further statistically significant price reaction at the time that block trades are later reported. Contrary to previous research, these findings imply that delaying the reporting of off‐market trades has an impact on markets by delaying the speed of adjustment to the information conveyed by block trades and therefore market price efficiency.
New evidence on commodity stocks
Authors: Daskalaki Charoula 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates whether commodity‐related equities (commodity stocks) should be included in investors' portfolios. In light of the recent financialization of commodity futures markets, it examines the diversification benefits derived from investing in commodity stocks and compares them with those derived from commodity futures. The empirical evidence indicates that over the prefinancialization period, commodity futures provide superior diversification benefits whereas over the postfinancialization period, commodity stock investing is more profitable. Further analysis on the relationship between commodity futures and stock markets reveals that the investor can use price‐based signals from futures markets to achieve high commodity stock returns.
When it pays to follow the crowd: Strategy conformity and CTA performance
Authors: Bollen Nicolas P. B. , Hutchinson Mark C. , O'Brien John 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrior research in hedge fund and mutual fund management finds a positive relation between portfolio distinctiveness and subsequent performance, suggesting that strategy differentiation is associated with superior skill. We find that commodity trading advisors (CTAs) with returns that correlate more strongly with those of peers feature higher performance and are more highly exposed to a time series momentum factor. Strategy conformity appears to be a signal of managerial skill in CTAs, in contrast to hedge funds and mutual funds. These results indicate that a common trend following strategy drives CTA returns and that CTAs offer investors an opportunity to invest in momentum.
How does skewness perform in the Chinese commodity futures market?
Authors: Jiang Xue , Han Liyan , Xu Yang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates a negative relationship between skewness and expected returns in China's commodity futures market. Unlike the impact of skewness in the US commodity markets, the impact of skewness in Chinese commodity markets is completely monotonic and asymmetric, which indicates more potential arbitrage opportunities in China's commodity markets. Also, we demonstrate that skewness is an effective risk factor in China's commodity futures market that contains different information from traditional risk factors. Investors require positive risk compensation for lower skewness. Empirical findings are shown to be robust with alternative skewness measures in different business cycles.
Pricing VIX options with realized volatility
Authors: Tong Chen , Huang Zhuo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigate the role of realized volatility in pricing VIX options by using the generalized affine realized volatility (GARV) model, and the Realized generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic (GARCH) model. We develop a closed‐form pricing formula for the (affine) GARV model. For the (nonaffine) log‐linear Realized GARCH model, we introduce a novel approximation approach to derive its analytical pricing formula. Empirical results show that models with realized volatility significantly outperform competing models based on daily returns only, both in‐ and out‐of‐sample. The Realized GARCH model offers the best pricing performance, as it has fewer constraints and a more flexible modeling structure.
Evaluating probability of containment effectiveness at a GCS site using integrated assessment modeling approach with Bayesian decision network
Authors: Wang Zan , Dilmore Robert M. , Bacon Diana H. , Harbert William 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImproved scientific and engineering understanding of the behavior of geologic CO2 storage together with established regulatory framework and incentive structures raise the prospects for accelerated, large‐scale deployment of this greenhouse gas emissions reduction approach. Incentive structures call for the establishment of appropriate verification and accounting approaches to support claims of the integrity of a geologic storage complex and to justify taking credit for long‐term storage. In this study, we present a framework for assessing the probability of containment effectiveness over the lifetime of a geologic carbon storage site (e.g., after 70 years of injection and postinjection site performance) using forward stochastic model realizations based on site characterization data and using a monitoring‐informed Bayesian network based on hypothetical detectability from surface seismic surveys over the site injection and post‐injection phases. The National Risk Assessment Partnership's open‐source Integrated Assessment Model (NRAP‐Open‐IAM) was utilized to develop an ensemble of 10,000 a priori stochastic forecasts of CO2 containment. Those simulations were used to train the Bayesian network model to estimate the prior probabilities of the CO2 leakage mass into overlying, monitorable aquifers considering the uncertainties in the reservoir properties, permeability of potentially leaky wells and the overlying aquifers. The conditional probabilities in the Bayesian network were either learned from the NRAP‐Open‐IAM simulations or derived from the predefined detection thresholds for the monitoring method. Observations obtained from monitoring, over time during the site operation phases were then used to generate updated posterior probabilities of containment (and any loss from containment) in the Bayesian network by propagating the prior probabilities through the conditional probabilities. We demonstrate how to construct and use the Bayesian network for verifying the long‐term storage complex effectiveness informed by monitoring based on the NRAP‐Open‐IAM simulations previously developed for the FutureGen 2.0 site. This approach may have relevance for stake holders to demonstrate secure geologic storage, provide a defensible, probabilistic approach to claim credit for geologic storage, and to estimate the likelihood that any fraction of the claimed credit may need to be refunded to the creditor based on available monitoring information. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mining‐disturbed coal damage and permeability evolution: Model and validation
Authors: Xu Chao , Cao Mingyue , Wang Kai , Fu Qiang , Qin Liangliang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoalbed methane (CBM) is not only the material cause of gas explosion and coal‐gas outburst disasters during underground coal mining, but also a kind of clean energy. Coal permeability is an important parameter for CBM drainage. Although many coal permeability models have been developed in the past decades to describe the permeability evolution characteristics under elastic state, few of them could explain the permeability behavior of the mining‐disturbed coal which is often the situation of CBM drainage during underground coal mining. The paper analyzed the mechanical factors affecting the damage‐permeability characteristics of mining‐disturbed coal, proposed the concept of the deviatoric stress ratio (DSR), and then established the statistical damage and permeability evolution models based on DSR. Results show that the deformation and damage of coal is controlled by the deviatoric stress and minimum principal stress. The plastic damage degree of coal mass becomes more serious with DSR increase, which leads to the improvement in permeability. The damage constitutive model was established based on the Weibull distribution function and DSR, and then the permeability model of mining‐disturbed coal was built combining the Kozeny–Carman equation. The acoustic emission (AE) and permeability experiments of the loading and unloading coal sample were conducted. After normalizing and fitting the accumulative AE counts, the damage and permeability evolutions with respect to DSR were found out. The model‐predicted permeability could match with the experiment results, verifying the reliability of the theoretical permeability model. The purpose of this paper is to provide a new approach for modeling damage and permeability of mining‐disturbed coal based on DSR. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcome of COVID‐19 in Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis: An International Multicenter Study
Authors: Efe Cumali , Dhanasekaran Renumathy , Lammert Craig , Ebik Berat , Higuera‐de la Tijera Fatima , Aloman Costica , Rıza Calışkan Ali , Peralta Mirta , Gerussi Alessio , Massoumi Hatef , Catana Andreea M. , Torgutalp Murat , Purnak Tugrul , Rigamonti Cristina , Gomez Aldana Andres Jose , Khakoo Nidah , Kacmaz Hüseyin , Nazal Leyla , Frager Shalom , Demir Nurhan , Irak Kader , Ellik Zeynep Melekoğlu , Balaban Yasemin , Atay Kadri , Eren Fatih , Cristoferi Laura , Batıbay Ersin , Urzua Álvaro , Snijders Romee , Kıyıcı Murat , Akyıldız Murat , Ekin Nazım , Carr Rotonya M. , Harputluoğlu Murat , Hatemi Ibrahim , Mendizabal Manuel , Silva Marcelo , Idilman Ramazan , Silveira Marina , Drenth Joost P.H. , Assis David N. , Björnsson Einar , Boyer James L. , Invernizzi Pietro , Levy Cynthia , Schiano Thomas D. , Ridruejo Ezequiel , Wahlin Staffan 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims
Data regarding outcome of COVID‐19 in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are lacking.

Approach and Results
We performed a retrospective study on patients with AIH and COVID‐19 from 34 centers in Europe and the Americas. We analyzed factors associated with severe COVID‐19 outcomes, defined as the need for mechanical ventilation, intensive care admission, and/or death. The outcomes of patients with AIH were compared to a propensity score–matched cohort of patients without AIH but with chronic liver diseases (CLD) and COVID‐19. The frequency and clinical significance of new‐onset liver injury (alanine aminotransferase > 2 × the upper limit of normal) during COVID‐19 was also evaluated. We included 110 patients with AIH (80% female) with a median age of 49 (range, 18‐85) years at COVID‐19 diagnosis. New‐onset liver injury was observed in 37.1% (33/89) of the patients. Use of antivirals was associated with liver injury (P = 0.041; OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.05‐10.78), while continued immunosuppression during COVID‐19 was associated with a lower rate of liver injury (P = 0.009; OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09‐0.71). The rates of severe COVID‐19 (15.5% versus 20.2%, P = 0.231) and all‐cause mortality (10% versus 11.5%, P = 0.852) were not different between AIH and non‐AIH CLD. Cirrhosis was an independent predictor of severe COVID‐19 in patients with AIH (P < 0.001; OR, 17.46; 95% CI, 4.22‐72.13). Continuation of immunosuppression or presence of liver injury during COVID‐19 was not associated with severe COVID‐19.

Conclusions
This international, multicenter study reveals that patients with AIH were not at risk for worse outcomes with COVID‐19 than other causes of CLD. Cirrhosis was the strongest predictor for severe COVID‐19 in patients with AIH. Maintenance of immunosuppression during COVID‐19 was not associated with increased risk for severe COVID‐19 but did lower the risk for new‐onset liver injury during COVID‐19.
TNF‐α‐Induce Protein 8–Like 1 Inhibits Hepatic Steatosis, Inflammation, and Fibrosis by Suppressing Polyubiquitination of Apoptosis Signal–Regulating Kinase 1
Authors: Wu Hong , Xu Xiaolei , Zheng Ancheng , Wang Weina , Mei Li , Chen Yue , Sun Shasha , Jiang Liujun , Wu Yutao , Zhou Yijiang , Zheng Min , Chen Qishan 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims
Characterized by hepatocyte steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, NASH is a complicated process that contributes to end‐stage liver disease and, eventually, HCC. TNF‐α‐induced protein 8–like 1 (TIPE1), a new member of the TNF‐α‐induced protein 8 family, has been explored in immunology and oncology research; but little is known about its role in metabolic diseases.

Approach and Results
Here, we show that hepatocyte‐specific deletion of TIPE1 exacerbated diet‐induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis as well as systemic metabolic disorders during NASH pathogenesis. Conversely, hepatocyte‐specific overexpression of TIPE1 dramatically prevented the progression of these abnormalities. Mechanically, TIPE1 directly interacted with apoptosis signal–regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) to suppress its TNF receptor–associated factor 6 (TRAF6)–catalyzed polyubiquitination activation upon metabolic challenge, thereby inhibiting the downstream c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and p38 signaling pathway. Importantly, dramatically reduced TIPE1 expression was observed in the livers of patients with NAFLD, suggesting that TIPE1 might be a promising therapeutic target for NAFLD and related metabolic diseases.

Conclusions
TIPE1 protects against hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis through directly binding ASK1 and restraining its TRAF6‐catalyzed polyubiquitination during the development of NASH. Therefore, targeting TIPE1 could be a promising therapeutic approach for NAFLD treatment.