bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenolic‐rich extract of avocado Persea americana (var. Colinred) peel blunts paraquat/maneb‐induced apoptosis through blocking phosphorylation of LRRK2 kinase in human nerve‐like cells
Authors: Quintero‐Espinosa Diana A. , Ortega‐Arellano Hector Flavio , Velez‐Pardo Carlos , Jimenez‐Del‐Rio Marlene 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is increasingly evident that LRRK2 kinase activity is involved in oxidative stress (OS)‐induced apoptosis—a type of regulated cell death and neurodegeneration, suggesting LRRK2 inhibition as a potential therapeutic target. We report that a phenolic‐rich extract of avocado Persea americana var. Colinred peel (CRE, 0.01 mg/ml) restricts environmental neurotoxins paraquat (1 mM)/maneb (0.05 mM)‐induced apoptosis process through blocking reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and concomitant inhibition of phosphorylation of LRRK2 in nerve‐like cells (NLCs). Indeed, PQ + MB at 6 h exposure significantly increased ROS (57 ± 5%), oxidation of protein DJ‐1cys106SOH into DJ‐1Cys106SO3 ([~3.7 f(old)‐(i)ncrease]), augmented p‐(S935)‐LRRK2 kinase (~20‐f(old) (i)ncrease), induced nuclei condensation/fragmentation (28 ± 6%), increased the expression of PUMA (~6.2‐fi), and activated CASPASE‐3 (CASP‐3, ~4‐fi) proteins; but significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm, ~48 ± 4%), all markers indicative of apoptosis compared to untreated cells. Remarkably, CRE significantly diminished both OS‐signals (i.e., DCF+ cells, DJ‐1Cys106SO3) as well as apoptosis markers (e.g., PUMA, CASP‐3, loss of ΔΨm, p‐LRRK2 kinase) in NLCs exposed to PQ + MB. Furthermore, CRE dramatically reestablishes the transient intracellular Ca2+ flow (~300%) triggered by dopamine (DA) in neuronal cells exposed to PQ + MB. We conclude that PQ + MB‐induced apoptosis in NLCs through OS‐mechanism, involving DJ‐1, PUMA, CASP‐3, LRRK2 kinase, mitochondria damage, DNA fragmentation, and alteration of DA‐receptors. Our findings imply that CRE protects NLCs directly via antioxidant mechanism and indirectly by blocking LRRK2 kinase against PQ + MB stress stimuli. These data suggest that CRE might be a potential natural antioxidant.
Japan: Formalization of Banking Supervision Including a Reversal
Authors: Hotori Eiji , Wendschlag Mikael , Giddey Thibaud 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter deals with the case of Japan, which experienced a reversal of the formalization of banking supervision. Additionally, this chapter outlines the on-site examination process and the main objectives of bank examinations. During the initial adoption of formal banking supervision, its main role was the “education” of bankers rather than proper prudential oversight. Formal banking supervision was suspended between 1893 and 1914 but was reintroduced in response to requests from both bankers and the government. This reversal reflected the development of the Japanese economy in the 1900s and 1910s, and thus the main driver of the formalization of banking supervision in Japan was not a financial crisis. The gradual development of the banking sector and better-educated bankers in the early twentieth century provided the background for the transformation of the supervisor’s role. The formalization process was completed with the enactment of the Banking Act of 1927 and the creation of the Bank Inspection Section within the Ministry of Finance in 1927.
Sweden: Early Adopter of Formal Banking Supervision with Incremental Steps
Authors: Hotori Eiji , Wendschlag Mikael , Giddey Thibaud 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe banking supervision in Sweden was formalized incrementally over the last half of the nineteenth century when the banking sector grew and modernized. Swedish banking regulation developed out of the charter requirement, and the supervision out of the administration of the growing number of charter applications. With the creation of the Bank Bureau within the Ministry of Finance and the development of the Bank Inspector profession in the 1860s and 1870s, banking supervisory activities such as on- and off-site examinations became more frequent and standardized. The creation of the independent agency, the Bank Inspection Board, in 1906, and the transfer of supervisory executive powers from the Ministry of Finance to the new supervisory agency, were the final step of the formalization process. During the same period, banking regulation was harmonized and furthered a process of centralizations to the authorities in Stockholm.
Germany: Financial Crises and Formalization of Banking Supervision
Authors: Hotori Eiji , Wendschlag Mikael , Giddey Thibaud 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn Germany, the banking supervision formalized as a consequence of the severe banking crises of the early 1930s, just as in many other countries on the European continent. The formalization process was initiated with the decisions to temporarily take over some of the large commercial banks that faced default in the banking crisis in 1931. Due to the extended loans and direct ownership stakes, the government established a board to look after its interests. The “temporary” measures were made permanent by the Nazi-government as one of several institutional and organizational means to have banks accommodate the economic policies of the regime. All three elements of banking supervision formalization (regulation, a supervisor, and supervision) were in place by the mid-1930s. However, given the very high level of control over the banks at the time, it is misleading to date the emergence of formal banking supervision to this time. During the occupation years, the banking supervision (in West-Germany) was organized at the state-level, similar to the US system. We date the full formalization after the Second World War when the German central government’s control over the banking sector ended.
France: Credit Control and Formalization of Banking Supervision
Authors: Hotori Eiji , Wendschlag Mikael , Giddey Thibaud 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe banking supervision in France was formalized with the Banking Acts of 1941 and of 1945. In 1941, the Banking Control Commission as the supervisory agency was created, and rigid financial regulation such as a minimum capital requirement and a separation of banking types was introduced. In connection to the 1941 Act, the four largest commercial banks in France were also nationalized. However, with the German occupation and the wartime situation, the formalization of banking supervision was only completed with the Banking Act of 1945. The essential contents of the 1941 Act were upheld, but the supervisory agency was given a lot of measures to enforce bank regulation. Especially, authorization of rigid penalties enhanced effectiveness of supervisory activities. The main drivers of the formalization of banking supervision in France were the policy measures undertaken during the Vichy regime and the Liberation Government’s measures. In the post-Second World War era, the banking supervisory system was used mainly to enforce credit control policy actions, in a period of economic recovery and reconstruction. The banking act of January 1984 decompartmentalized the banking system and changed the institutions of supervision.
Coronary Interventions in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Schleiger Anastasia , Kramer Peter , Dreysse Stephan , Schubert Stephan , Peters Björn , Photiadis Joachim , Berger Felix , Nordmeyer Johannes 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Coronary artery lesions represent rare conditions in pediatric congenital heart disease and mainly include coronary artery stenoses (CAS) or coronary artery fistulae (CAF). Due to the small vessel size, pediatric percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) are demanding and studies concerning long-term results are missing. In this retrospective study, we analyzed indications, procedural details, and post-procedural outcomes in pediatric patients who underwent PCI in our institution. For CAS treatment, procedural success was defined as efficient coronary revascularization with a significant improvement of coronary perfusion. CAF treatment was considered successful, when no residual shunt was detectable. From 1995 to 2020, 32 pediatric patients aged ≤ 18 years received interventional treatment for CAS (n = 24/32) or CAF (n = 8/32). Reasons for CAS were post-surgical (n = 15/24) or post-transplant (n = 9/24). Interventional treatment strategies included coronary angioplasty (20/43), stent placement (10/43), and a combination of both (13/43). In-hospital mortality occurred in 6/24 patients and late mortality in 5/24 patients leading to an overall 5-year survival of 62.5%. Early mortality mainly occurred due to post-ischemic myocardial failure. CAF occlusion was performed using coil embolization (n = 3), placement of vascular plugs (n = 3), a combination of both (n = 1), or a combination of coil embolization and a covered stent (n = 1). Treatment of coronary fistulae was successful in all patients with excellent post-procedural results and no follow-up death. PCI in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease can be performed safely and effectively. However, the overall 5-year survival probability of patients with CAS is reduced due to severe ischemic myocardial damage.
A scanning electron microscopy study of projectile entry fractures in cortical bone; genesis and microarchitectural features
Authors: Rickman John M. , Painter Jonathan , Hazael Rachael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present paper presents a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the genesis and microarchitecture of experimentally induced cortical entry fractures in porcine scapulae impacted at velocities ranging from 54 to 897 m/s. SEM observation was conducted on polyurethane replicas cast from negative silicone moulds. Analysis of the sequence of fracture processes operative during projectile impact revealed the presence of ring cracks at the site of impact, confirming that penetration in sandwich bones is achieved by cone crack propagation. Despite impulsive loading, two forms of plastic deformation were identified in the cortical bone surrounding the entry fracture up to a maximum velocity of 871 m/s. Microscopic radial and concentric cracks were associated with projectile impact, and the role of pores and pits as stress concentrators was captured. Possible underlying mechanisms for the observed plastic deformation are described, and the diagnostic utility of SEM analysis is presented.
Chancen niederschwelliger online Peer-to-Peer Begleitung für Jugendliche am Beispiel der Online-Plattform OPEN
Authors: Jesser Andrea , Schmalwieser Susanne , Mädge Anna-Lena , Culen Caroline , Schrank Beate , Böckle Markus 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Jugendalter stehen Menschen vor einer Reihe an Entwicklungsaufgaben und biographischen Herausforderungen. Nicht immer fühlen sich die Jugendlichen den Problemen gewachsen, die dieser Lebensabschnitt mit sich bringt und so kommt es mitunter zu erheblichen psychischen Belastungen sowie zu Konflikten und Krisen. Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat die Situation junger Menschen zusätzlich verschärft, die mehr als andere Altersgruppen von den Auswirkungen der Lockdown-Beschränkungen betroffen sind. Dazu zählen insbesondere Einsamkeit, soziale Isolation und Zukunftsängste. Aus unterschiedlichen Gründen finden Jugendliche oft keinen oder erst spät Zugang zu psycho-sozialer Unterstützung. Niederschwellige Hilfsangebote sind derzeit rar und decken den vorhandenen Bedarf nicht ab. Wir stellen in diesem Paper die Plattform OPEN vor, über die Jugendliche online, anonym und kostenlos mit geschulten und supervidierten jugendlichen Peer-Begleiter_innen in Kontakt treten und sich über ihre Probleme austauschen können.
Cortical Processing of Binaural Cues as Shown by EEG Responses to Random-Chord Stereograms
Authors: Pöntynen Henri , Salminen Nelli 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpatial hearing facilitates the perceptual organization of complex soundscapes into accurate mental representations of sound sources in the environment. Yet, the role of binaural cues in auditory scene analysis (ASA) has received relatively little attention in recent neuroscientific studies employing novel, spectro-temporally complex stimuli. This may be because a stimulation paradigm that provides binaurally derived grouping cues of sufficient spectro-temporal complexity has not yet been established for neuroscientific ASA experiments. Random-chord stereograms (RCS) are a class of auditory stimuli that exploit spectro-temporal variations in the interaural envelope correlation of noise-like sounds with interaurally coherent fine structure; they evoke salient auditory percepts that emerge only under binaural listening. Here, our aim was to assess the usability of the RCS paradigm for indexing binaural processing in the human brain. To this end, we recorded EEG responses to RCS stimuli from 12 normal-hearing subjects. The stimuli consisted of an initial 3-s noise segment with interaurally uncorrelated envelopes, followed by another 3-s segment, where envelope correlation was modulated periodically according to the RCS paradigm. Modulations were applied either across the entire stimulus bandwidth (wideband stimuli) or in temporally shifting frequency bands (ripple stimulus). Event-related potentials and inter-trial phase coherence analyses of the EEG responses showed that the introduction of the 3- or 5-Hz wideband modulations produced a prominent change-onset complex and ongoing synchronized responses to the RCS modulations. In contrast, the ripple stimulus elicited a change-onset response but no response to ongoing RCS modulation. Frequency-domain analyses revealed increased spectral power at the fundamental frequency and the first harmonic of wideband RCS modulations. RCS stimulation yields robust EEG measures of binaurally driven auditory reorganization and has potential to provide a flexible stimulation paradigm suitable for isolating binaural effects in ASA experiments.
A taxonomy of weight learning methods for statistical relational learning
Authors: Srinivasan Sriram , Dickens Charles , Augustine Eriq , Farnadi Golnoosh , Getoor Lise 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStatistical relational learning (SRL) frameworks are effective at defining probabilistic models over complex relational data. They often use weighted first-order logical rules where the weights of the rules govern probabilistic interactions and are usually learned from data. Existing weight learning approaches typically attempt to learn a set of weights that maximizes some function of data likelihood; however, this does not always translate to optimal performance on a desired domain metric, such as accuracy or F1 score. In this paper, we introduce a taxonomy of search-based weight learning approaches for SRL frameworks that directly optimize weights on a chosen domain performance metric. To effectively apply these search-based approaches, we introduce a novel projection, referred to as scaled space (SS), that is an accurate representation of the true weight space. We show that SS removes redundancies in the weight space and captures the semantic distance between the possible weight configurations. In order to improve the efficiency of search, we also introduce an approximation of SS which simplifies the process of sampling weight configurations. We demonstrate these approaches on two state-of-the-art SRL frameworks: Markov logic networks and probabilistic soft logic. We perform empirical evaluation on five real-world datasets and evaluate them each on two different metrics. We also compare them against four other weight learning approaches. Our experimental results show that our proposed search-based approaches outperform likelihood-based approaches and yield up to a 10% improvement across a variety of performance metrics. Further, we perform an extensive evaluation to measure the robustness of our approach to different initializations and hyperparameters. The results indicate that our approach is both accurate and robust.
Are attitudes toward immigration changing in Europe? An analysis based on latent class IRT models
Authors: Genge Ewa , Bartolucci Francesco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe analyze the changing attitudes toward immigration in EU host countries in the last few years (2010–2018) on the basis of the European Social Survey data. These data are collected by the administration of a questionnaire made of items concerning different aspects related to the immigration phenomenon. For this analysis, we rely on a latent class approach considering a variety of models that allow for: (1) multidimensionality; (2) discreteness of the latent trait distribution; (3) time-constant and time-varying covariates; and (4) sample weights. Through these models we find latent classes of Europeans with similar levels of immigration acceptance and we study the effect of different socio-economic covariates on the probability of belonging to these classes for which we provide a specific interpretation. In this way we show which countries tend to be more or less positive toward immigration and we analyze the temporal dynamics of the phenomenon under study.
Retinal Neurodegeneration in Diabetes: an Emerging Concept in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Sachdeva Mira M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of blindness in working-aged adults, remains clinically defined and staged by its vascular manifestations. However, early retinal neurodegeneration may precede vascular pathology, suggesting that this neuronal damage may contribute to disease pathogenesis and represent an independent target for intervention. This review will discuss the evidence and implications for diabetic retinal neurodegeneration.

Recent Findings
A growing body of literature has identified progressive retinal thinning and visual dysfunction in patients with diabetes even prior to the onset of DR, though advances in retinal vascular imaging suggest that vascular remodeling and choroidal changes occur during these early stages as well. Animal models of diabetes and in vitro studies have also suggested that diabetes may directly affect the retinal neural and glial tissue, providing support to the concept that diabetic retinal neurodegeneration occurs early in the disease and suggesting potentially relevant molecular pathways.

Summary
Diabetic retinal neurodegeneration may represent a “preclinical” manifestation of diabetic retinal disease and remains an active area of investigation. As the natural history and molecular mechanisms become increasingly understood, it may lead to upcoming developments in not only the treatment options but also the clinical definition of DR.
Colorless-to-colorful switching of electrochromic MXene by reversible ion insertion
Authors: Jiang Jianxia , Qin Leiqiang , Halim Joseph , Persson Per O. Å. , Hou Lintao , Rosen Johanna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectrochromic (EC) materials that change color with voltage have been widely studied for use in dynamic windows. However, colorless-to-colorful switching with high contrast ratio is generically unattainable, especially for colorless-to-black electrochromic materials with an ultrahigh contrast ratio over the entire visible region. In this work, we developed Nb1.33C MXene-based dynamic windows with colorless-to-black switching of up to 75% reversible change in transmittance from 300 to 1,500 nm. By exploring the electrochromic effects of different electrolytes through in situ optical changes and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), it is found that electrochromic behavior is greatly influenced by the extent of reversible Li+ insertion/deinsertion between the two-dimensional Nb1.33C MXene nanosheets. In addition, a colorless-to-black EC device based on Nb1.33C with an overall integrated contrast ratio over 80% was successfully constructed by a solution-processable spin coating method. This work enables a simple route to fabricate MXene-based high-performance electrochromic smart windows, which is important for further expanding the application of MXenes to optoelectronic and photonic applications.
Generalized Fuzzy Ideals of BCI-Algebras Based on Interval Valued m-Polar Fuzzy Structures
Authors: Muhiuddin G. , Al-Kadi D. , Mahboob A. , Aljohani Amani 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, first we introduce the concepts of interval valued m-polar fuzzy (briefly, IVmPF) p-ideals, IVmPF q-ideals and IVmPF a-ideals in BCI-algebras. Then we show that IVmPF p(q and a)-ideals are IVmPF ideals but the converse statements are not valid and an example is given in each case. We provide conditions under which an IVmPF ideal becomes an IVmPF p(q and a)-ideal. Further, the associated properties of IVmPF p-ideals, IVmPF q-ideals and IVmPF a-ideals are considered. Moreover, we characterize IVmPF p(q and a)-ideals in terms of fuzzy p(q and a)-ideals of BCI-algebras. Also, correspondences among IVmPF p(q and a)-ideals of BCI-algebras and p(q and a)-ideals of BCI-algebras are investigated.
Domination of Bipolar Fuzzy Graphs in Various Settings
Authors: Gong Shu , Hua Gang , Gao Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBipolar fuzzy sets are used to describe the positive and negative of the uncertainty of objects, and the bipolar fuzzy graphs are used to characterize the structural relationship between uncertain concepts in which the vertices and edges are assigned positive and negative membership function values to feature the opposite uncertainty elevation. The dominating set is the control set of vertices in the graph structure and it occupies a critical position in graph analysis. This paper mainly contributes to extending the concept of domination in the fuzzy graph to the bipolar frameworks and obtaining the related expanded concepts of a variety of bipolar fuzzy graphs. Meanwhile, the approaches to obtain the specific dominating sets are presented. Finally, a numeral example on city data in Yunnan Province is presented to explain the computing of domination in bipolar fuzzy graph in the specific application.
Remaining Useful Life Estimation of Aircraft Engines Based on Deep Convolution Neural Network and LightGBM Combination Model
Authors: Liu Lijun , Wang Lan , Yu Zhen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccurately predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of aero-engines is of great significance for improving the reliability and safety of aero-engine systems. Because of the high dimension and complex features of sensor data in RUL prediction, this paper proposes a model combining deep convolution neural networks (DCNN) and the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) algorithm to estimate the RUL. Compared with traditional prognostics and health management (PHM) techniques, signal processing of raw sensor data and prior expertise are not required. The procedure is shown as follows. First, the time window of raw data of the aero-engine is used as the input of DCNN after normalization. The role of DCNN is to extract information from the input data. Second, considering the limitations of the fully connected layer of DCNN, we replace it with a strong classifier-LightGBM to improve the accuracy of prediction. Finally, to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conducted some experiments on the C-MAPSS data set provided by NASA, and obtained good accuracy. By comparing the prediction effect with other commonly used algorithms on the same data set, the proposed algorithm has obvious advantages.