bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiota links to neural dynamics supporting threat processing
Authors: Hall Caitlin V. , Harrison Ben J. , Iyer Kartik K. , Savage Hannah S. , Zakrzewski Martha , Simms Lisa A. , Radford‐Smith Graham , Moran Rosalyn J. , Cocchi Luca 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is growing recognition that the composition of the gut microbiota influences behaviour, including responses to threat. The cognitive‐interoceptive appraisal of threat‐related stimuli relies on dynamic neural computations between the anterior insular (AIC) and the dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) cortices. If, to what extent, and how microbial consortia influence the activity of this cortical threat processing circuitry is unclear. We addressed this question by combining a threat processing task, neuroimaging, 16S rRNA profiling and computational modelling in healthy participants. Results showed interactions between high‐level ecological indices with threat‐related AIC‐dACC neural dynamics. At finer taxonomic resolutions, the abundance of Ruminococcus was differentially linked to connectivity between, and activity within the AIC and dACC during threat updating. Functional inference analysis provides a strong rationale to motivate future investigations of microbiota‐derived metabolites in the observed relationship with threat‐related brain processes.
Three‐way parallel group independent component analysis: Fusion of spatial and spatiotemporal magnetic resonance imaging data
Authors: Qi Shile , Silva Rogers F. , Zhang Daoqiang , Plis Sergey M. , Miller Robyn , Vergara Victor M. , Jiang Rongtao , Zhi Dongmei , Sui Jing , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdvances in imaging acquisition techniques allow multiple imaging modalities to be collected from the same subject. Each individual modality offers limited yet unique views of the functional, structural, or dynamic temporal features of the brain. Multimodal fusion provides effective ways to leverage these complementary perspectives from multiple modalities. However, the majority of current multimodal fusion approaches involving functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are limited to 3D feature summaries that do not incorporate its rich temporal information. Thus, we propose a novel three‐way parallel group independent component analysis (pGICA) fusion method that incorporates the first‐level 4D fMRI data (temporal information included) by parallelizing group ICA into parallel ICA via a unified optimization framework. A new variability matrix was defined to capture subject‐wise functional variability and then link it to the mixing matrices of the other two modalities. Simulation results show that the three‐way pGICA provides highly accurate cross‐modality linkage estimation under both weakly and strongly correlated conditions, as well as comparable source estimation under different noise levels. Results using real brain imaging data identified one linked functional–structural–diffusion component associated to differences between schizophrenia and controls. This was replicated in an independent cohort, and the identified components were also correlated with major cognitive domains. Functional network connectivity revealed visual–subcortical and default mode‐cerebellum pairs that discriminate between schizophrenia and controls. Overall, both simulation and real data results support the use of three‐way pGICA to identify multimodal spatiotemporal links and to pursue the study of brain disorders under a single unifying multimodal framework.
Navigating the era of disruption: How emotions can prompt job crafting behaviors
Authors: Barclay Laurie J. , Kiefer Tina , El Mansouri Mouna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnvironmental disruptions can disturb the status quo. This can create the need for employees to navigate rapidly evolving demands in their work environment, often before formalized strategic plans can be developed and/or implemented. As such, understanding how employees experience and respond to these disruptions is critical for effective strategic human resource management. Drawing on appraisal theories of emotion, we argue that employees' appraisals of how the disruption has impacted their work can elicit discrete emotions (e.g., frustration and pride). In turn, these emotions can encourage employees to address challenges and opportunities by engaging in job crafting behaviors. Importantly, job crafting behaviors can have implications for subsequent employee outcomes (e.g., performance and well‐being). We test our predictions using a three‐wave survey (N = 402) in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic—an unexpected environmental disruption that sparked rapid change. Theoretically, our findings provide insight into why and how employees can self‐initiate changes to their jobs in response to environmental disruptions as well as how job crafting behaviors impact employee outcomes. Practically, our findings provide insight and guidance to SHRM practitioners on how to effectively support and manage employees before, during, and after environmental disruptions.
Cofactors and pathogens: Flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) biosynthesis by the FAD synthase from Brucella ovis
Authors: Moreno Andrea , Taleb Victor , Sebastián María , Anoz‐Carbonell Ernesto , Martínez‐Júlvez Marta , Medina Milagros 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe biosynthesis of the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), cofactors used by 2% of proteins, occurs through the sequential action of two ubiquitous activities: a riboflavinkinase (RFK) that phosphorylates the riboflavin (RF) precursor to FMN, and a FMN:adenylyltransferase (FMNAT) that transforms FMN into FAD. In most mammals two different monofunctional enzymes have each of these activities, but in prokaryotes a single bifunctional enzyme, FAD synthase (FADS), holds them. Differential structural and functional traits for RFK and FMNAT catalysis between bacteria and mammals, as well as within the few bacterial FADSs so far characterized, has envisaged the potentiality of FADSs from pathogens as targets for the development of species‐specific inhibitors. Here, we particularly characterize the FADS from the ovine pathogen Brucella ovis (BoFADS), causative agent of brucellosis. We show that BoFADS has RFK activity independently of the media redox status, but its FMNAT activity (in both forward and reverse senses) only occurs under strong reducing conditions. Moreover, kinetics for flavin and adenine nucleotides binding to the RFK site show that BoFADS binds preferentially the substrates of the RFK reaction over the products and that the adenine nucleotide must bind prior to flavin entrapment. These results, together with multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis, point to variability in the less conserved regions as contributing to the species‐specific features in prokaryotic FADSs, including those from pathogens, that allow them to adopt alternative strategies in FMN and FAD biosynthesis and overall flavin homeostasis.
Opportunistic Osteoporosis Screening Using Chest Radiographs With Deep Learning: Development and External Validation With a Cohort Dataset
Authors: Jang Miso , Kim Mingyu , Bae Sung Jin , Lee Seung Hun , Koh Jung-Min , Kim Namkug 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Osteoporosis is a common, but silent disease until it is complicated by fractures that are associated with morbidity and mortality. Over the past few years, although deep learning-based disease diagnosis on chest radiographs has yielded promising results, osteoporosis screening remains unexplored. Paired data with 13,026 chest radiographs and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) results from the Health Screening and Promotion Center of Asan Medical Center, between 2012 and 2019, were used as the primary dataset in this study. For the external test, we additionally used the Asan osteoporosis cohort dataset (1089 chest radiographs, 2010 and 2017). Using a well-performed deep learning model, we trained the OsPor-screen model with labels defined by DXA based diagnosis of osteoporosis (lumbar spine, femoral neck, or total hip T-score ≤ −2.5) in a supervised learning manner. The OsPor-screen model was assessed in the internal and external test sets. We performed substudies for evaluating the effect of various anatomical subregions and image sizes of input images. OsPor-screen model performances including sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) were measured in the internal and external test sets. In addition, visual explanations of the model to predict each class were expressed in gradient-weighted class activation maps (Grad-CAMs). The OsPor-screen model showed promising performances. Osteoporosis screening with the OsPor-screen model achieved an AUC of 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–0.92) and an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.85–0.90) in the internal and external test set, respectively. Even though the medical relevance of these average Grad-CAMs is unclear, these results suggest that a deep learning-based model using chest radiographs could have the potential to be used for opportunistic automated screening of patients with osteoporosis in clinical settings. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
A qualitative examination of bi/multilingual counselor training and experiences
Authors: Pope Amber L. , Sunal Zahide , Gantt Alexandra C. , Zimmerman Betsy , Corey Ali K. , Nuosce Mary , Araujo Lourdes 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is an increased need for bi/multilingual counseling services to meet the growing linguistic diversity of the US population. Despite this need, the counseling profession has made little progress on systemically integrating language factors and bi/multilingual counseling skills into counselor training and professional development. Using consensual qualitative research (CQR), we interviewed 14 bi/multilingual counselors (BMCs) and identified five domains: counseling experience, counselor training and preparation (during master's), supervision and continuing education (post master's), recommendations, and other bi/multilingual counseling‐related experience. These domains provide insight into BMCs’ clinical experiences and training, along with strategies to improve counselor education, professional development, and resources for BMCs. Implications for counseling and counselor education, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Quantitative detections of TP53 gene mutations improve the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of biliary tract cancers using droplet digital PCR
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Zhou Jun , Fang Meng , Ji Jun , Huang Chenjun , Du Fei , Ai Wenchao , Wang Ying , Gao Zhiyuang , Qiu Zhiquan , Gao Chunfang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveBiliary tract cancer (BTC) is a rare malignancy and lack of effective diagnostic and prognostic marker. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical implication of TP53 mutation detection in BTC using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).MethodsTP53 gene (loci p.R175H, p.R248Q, p.R248W, and p.R273H) mutation frequencies of 45 pairs of tumor tissues (TTs) and adjacent normal tissues (ANTTs) were analyzed, respectively, using ddPCR. Meanwhile, the same detections were conducted in plasma cell‐free DNA (cfNDA) of 156 subjects including BTC, disease control (DC), and healthy controls (HC). The logistic regression algorithm was established to identify BTC. The correlations between mutations and clinicopathological features as well as the effects of TP53 mutation frequency on BTC prognosis were assessed.ResultsThe higher mutation of p.R175H was found in TTs compared with ANTT (p = 0.006). The mutation at p.R273H in cfDNA was also higher in BTC when compared with DC and HC (p < 0.05). The logistic algorithms combining p.R273H mutation demonstrated the higher diagnostic efficacy trend than carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA19‐9), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) in identifying BTC from DC (the area under the curves of the algorithm: 0.845, 95% CI:0.775–0.914). The median overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were significantly shorter when the BTC patients harboring the p.R273H mutation (OS: p = 0.032; PFS: p = 0.046).ConclusionThis study revealed for the first time that the quantitative TP53 mutations using the ddPCR might serve as a potential genetic biomarker for BTC diagnosis and prognosis assessment.
Circ_0000463 contributes to the progression and glutamine metabolism of non‐small‐cell lung cancer by targeting miR‐924/SLC1A5 signaling
Authors: Liu Yunzhong , Wang Shujun , Pan Songli , Yan Qingfeng , Li Yueping , Zhao Ying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have shown pivotal regulatory roles in the pathology of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the role of circ_0000463 in NSCLC progression and its associated molecular mechanism remain to be illustrated.MethodsCell proliferation ability was analyzed by colony formation assay and 5‐ethynyl‐2’‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Cell migration and invasion abilities were assessed by scratch test and transwell invasion assay. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze cell apoptotic rate. The interaction between microRNA‐924 (miR‐924) and circ_0000463 or solute carrier family 1 member 5 (SLC1A5) was confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. The uptake of glutamine and the production of glutamate and α‐ketoglutarate were analyzed using their corresponding kits. Xenograft model in vivo was established to analyze the role of circ_0000463 in tumor growth.ResultsCirc_0000463 expression was elevated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Circ_0000463 knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted the apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Circ_0000463 acted as a molecular sponge for miR‐924, and circ_0000463 interference‐mediated anti‐tumor effects were largely reversed by the silence of miR‐924 in NSCLC cells. miR‐924 interacted with the 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) of SLC1A5, and SLC1A5 overexpression largely overturned miR‐924 overexpression‐mediated anti‐tumor effects in NSCLC cells. Moreover, circ_0000463 absence suppressed the glutamine metabolism of NSCLC cells by targeting miR‐924/SLC1A5 axis. Circ_0000463 knockdown suppressed xenograft tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionCirc_0000463 absence suppressed the malignant behaviors and glutamine metabolism of NSCLC cells through mediating miR‐924/SLC1A5 axis.
Expression and prognostic significance of m6A‐related genes in TP53‐mutant non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhao Zhuochen , Wan Junhu , Guo Manman , Wang Yangxia , Yang Zhengwu , Zhou Fuyou , Li Zhuofang , Ming Liang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundTP53 is an important tumor suppressor gene on human 17th chromosome with its mutations more than 60% in tumor cells. Lung cancer is the highest incidence malignancy in men around the world. N‐6 methylase (m6A) is an enzyme that plays an important role in mRNA splicing, translation, and stabilization. However, its role in TP53‐mutant non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unknown.MethodFirst, we investigated 17 common m6A regulators' prognostic values in NSCLC. Then, after the establishment of risk signature, we explored the diagnostic value of m6A in TP53‐mutant NSCLC. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, and differential expression analysis were used to reveal the possible mechanism of m6A regulators affecting TP53‐mutant NSCLC patients.ResultsStudy showed that nine m6A regulators (YTHDC2, METTL14, FTO, METTL16, YTHDF1, HNRNPA2B1, RBM15, KIAA1429, and WTAP) were expressed differently between TP53‐mutant and wild‐type NSCLC (p < 0.05); and ALKBH5 and HNRNPA2B1 were associated with the prognostic of TP53‐mutant patients. After construction of the risk signature combined ALKBH5 and HNRNPA2B1, we divided patients with TP53 mutations into high‐ and low‐risk groups, and there was a significant survival difference between two groups. Finally, 338 differentially expression genes (DEGs) were found between high‐ and low‐risk groups. GO enrichment analysis, PPI network, and GSEA enrichment analysis showed that m6A may affect the immune environment in extracellular and change the stability of mRNA.ConclusionIn conclusion, m6A regulators can be used as prognostic predictors in TP53‐mutant patients.
Predictive significance of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte for cytomegalovirus infection in infants less than 3 months: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhan Canyang , Wang Weiyan , Chen Lihua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the hematological parameters in the identification of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in infants less than 3 months.MethodsA single‐center, observational study of infants with CMV infection was conducted retrospectively. Routine blood parameters were analyzed in CMV‐infected infants and controls with no differences of birthweight, sex, gestational age at birth, and date of admission. Furthermore, receiver‐operating curve was used to assess the predictive value of the hematological parameters for CMV infection.ResultsOne hundred ninety cases with CMV infection were studied retrospectively. Compared with the control group, there were significant differences in the white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, hemoglobin, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte (PLR), and lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte (LMR) for the patients with CMV infection (all p < 0.001). The best predicted values for CMV infection based on the area under the curve (AUC) were NLR and PLR with the optimal cut‐off value of 0.28 and 65.36. NLR‐PLR score of 0, 1, or 2 based on an elevated NLR (>0.28), an elevated PLR (>65.36), or both. NLR‐PLR score for CMV infection prediction yielded higher AUC values than NLR or PLR alone (0.760 vs. 0.689, 0.689; p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe NLR combined with PLR is potentially useful as a predictor of CMV infection in infants less than 3 months.
The tooth‐specific basic helix‐loop‐helix factor AmeloD promotes differentiation of ameloblasts
Authors: Jia LingLing , Chiba Yuta , Saito Kan , Yoshizaki Keigo , Tian Tian , Han Xu , Mizuta Kanji , Chiba Mitsuki , Wang Xin , Al Thamin Shahad , Yamada Aya , Fukumoto Satoshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTissue‐specific basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factors play an important role in cellular differentiation. We recently identified AmeloD as a tooth‐specific bHLH transcription factor. However, the role of AmeloD in cellular differentiation has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of AmeloD in dental epithelial cell differentiation. We found that AmeloD‐knockout (AmeloD‐KO) mice developed an abnormal structure and altered ion composition of enamel in molars, suggesting that AmeloD‐KO mice developed enamel hypoplasia. In molars of AmeloD‐KO mice, the transcription factor Sox21 encoding SRY‐Box transcription factor 21 and ameloblast differentiation marker genes were significantly downregulated. Furthermore, overexpression of AmeloD in the dental epithelial cell line M3H1 upregulated Sox21 and ameloblast differentiation marker genes, indicating that AmeloD is critical for ameloblast differentiation. Our study demonstrated that AmeloD is an important transcription factor in amelogenesis for promoting ameloblast differentiation. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of amelogenesis.
Issues in transferring education research across dental schools
Authors: Chambers David W. 
Published: November 2021

IssueAlmost all dental educational research describes statistically significant changes using a one‐time intervention at a single program. It is hoped that the most significant of these interventions will transfer to other schools.ApproachBut the research logic of context‐specific investigations does not always generalize with the same impact to new situations. This is the transfer problem. There is virtually no systematic research exploring the extent to which transfer from the dental educational literature is attempted, how successful it is, and what factors improve transfer.ImpactThe paper discusses some of the more prominent issues in transferability such as (a) the meaning of “identical” conditions upon which inductive statistics are based, (b) isolation of causal factors, (c) generalizability, (d) reliability and validity, (e) measures of effect, (f) statistical versus practical significance, and (g) the need to build theory in discussion sections. Eight suggestions are offered for making dental educational research more transferable.
The histone deacetylase Hdac7 supports LPS-inducible glycolysis and Il-1β production in murine macrophages via distinct mechanisms
Authors: Ramnath Divya , Das Gupta Kaustav , Wang Yizhuo , Abrol Rishika , Curson James E B , Lim Junxian , Reid Robert C , Mansell Ashley , Blumenthal Antje , Karunakaran Denuja , Fairlie David P , Sweet Matthew J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTLRs reprogram macrophage metabolism, enhancing glycolysis and promoting flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle to enable histone acetylation and inflammatory gene expression. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) family of lysine deacetylases regulates both TLR-inducible glycolysis and inflammatory responses. Here, we show that the TLR4 agonist LPS, as well as agonists of other TLRs, rapidly increase enzymatic activity of the class IIa HDAC family (HDAC4, 5, 7, 9) in both primary human and murine macrophages. This response was abrogated in murine macrophages deficient in histone deacetylase 7 (Hdac7), highlighting a selective role for this specific lysine deacetylase during immediate macrophage activation. With the exception of the TLR3 agonist polyI:C, TLR-inducible activation of Hdac7 enzymatic activity required the MyD88 adaptor protein. The rapid glycolysis response, as assessed by extracellular acidification rate, was attenuated in Hdac7-deficient mouse macrophages responding to submaximal LPS concentrations. Surprisingly however, reconstitution of these cells with either wild-type or an enzyme-dead mutant of Hdac7 enhanced LPS-inducible glycolysis, whereas only the former promoted production of the inflammatory mediators Il-1β and Ccl2. Thus, Hdac7 enzymatic activity is required for TLR-inducible production of specific inflammatory mediators, whereas it acts in an enzyme-independent fashion to reprogram metabolism in macrophages responding to submaximal LPS concentrations. Hdac7 is thus a bifurcation point for regulated metabolism and inflammatory responses in macrophages. Taken together with existing literature, our findings support a model in which submaximal and maximal activation of macrophages via TLR4 instruct glycolysis through distinct mechanisms, leading to divergent biological responses.