bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culture‐enriched community profiling improves resolution of the vertebrate gut microbiota
Authors: Goldman Samantha L. , Sanders Jon G. , Yan Weiwei , Denice Anthony , Cornwall Margaret , Ivey Kathleen N. , Taylor Emily N. , Gunderson Alex R. , Sheehan Michael J. , Mjungu Deus , Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. , Pusey Anne E. , Hahn Beatrice H. , Moeller Andrew H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVertebrates harbour gut microbial communities containing hundreds of bacterial species, most of which have never been cultivated or isolated in the laboratory. The lack of cultured representatives from vertebrate gut microbiotas limits the description and experimental interrogation of these communities. Here, we show that representatives from >50% of the bacterial genera detected by culture‐independent sequencing in the gut microbiotas of fence lizards, house mice, chimpanzees, and humans were recovered in mixed cultures from frozen faecal samples plated on a panel of nine media under a single growth condition. In addition, culturing captured >100 rare bacterial genera overlooked by culture‐independent sequencing, more than doubling the total number of bacterial sequence variants detected. Our approach recovered representatives from 23 previously uncultured candidate bacterial genera, 12 of which were not detected by culture‐independent sequencing. Results identified strategies for both indiscriminate and selective culturing of the gut microbiota that were reproducible across vertebrate species. Isolation followed by whole‐genome sequencing of 161 bacterial colonies from wild chimpanzees enabled the discovery of candidate novel species closely related to the opportunistic pathogens of humans Clostridium difficile and Hungatella hathewayi. This study establishes culturing methods that improve inventories and facilitate isolation of gut microbiota constituents from a wide diversity of vertebrate species.
Single‐cell RNA‐Seq reveals a highly coordinated transcriptional program in mouse germ cells during primordial follicle formation
Authors: He Yuanlin , Chen Qiuzhen , Dai Juncheng , Cui Yiqiang , Zhang Chi , Wen Xidong , Li Jiazhao , Xiao Yue , Peng Xiaoxu , Liu Mingxi , Shen Bin , Sha Jiahao , Hu Zhibin , Li Jing , Shu Wenjie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe assembly of primordial follicles in mammals represents one of the most critical processes in ovarian biology. It directly affects the number of oocytes available to a female throughout her reproductive life. Premature depletion of primordial follicles contributes to the ovarian pathology primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). To delineate the developmental trajectory and regulatory mechanisms of oocytes during the process, we performed RNA‐seq on single germ cells from newborn (P0.5) ovaries. Three cell clusters were classified which corresponded to three cell states (germ cell cyst, cyst breakdown, and follicle) in the newborn ovary. By Monocle analysis, a uniform trajectory of oocyte development was built with a series of genes showed dynamic changes along the pseudo‐timeline. Gene Ontology term enrichment revealed a significant decrease in meiosis‐related genes and a dramatic increase in oocyte‐specific genes which marked the transition from a germ cell to a functional oocyte. We then established a network of regulons by using single‐cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) algorithm and identified possible candidate transcription factors that may maintain transcription programs during follicle formation. Following functional studies further revealed the differential regulation of the identified regulon Id2 and its family member Id1, on the establishment of primordial follicle pool by using siRNA knockdown and genetic modified mouse models. In summary, our study systematically reconstructed molecular cascades in oocytes and identified a series of genes and molecular pathways in follicle formation and development.
Breeding habitats, phenology and size of a resident population of Two‐banded Plover (Charadrius falklandicus) at the northern edge of its distribution
Authors: Faria Fernando A. , Repenning MÁrcio , Tavares Nunes Guilherme , Senner Nathan R. , Bugoni Leandro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe central‐peripheral hypothesis states that the demographic performance of a species decreases from the centre to the edge of its range. Peripheral populations are often smaller and tend to occur under different and suboptimal conditions from those of core populations. Peripheral populations can also coexist during part of their annual cycle with populations from the core of the species’ range. Studies on peripheral populations are thus valuable for broadly understanding ecological and evolutionary processes. The Two‐banded Plover (TWBP, Charadrius falklandicus, Charadriidae) is an endemic South American shorebird that breeds in Argentine and Chilean Patagonia and migrates northward during the Austral winter. There are breeding records, however, from Lagoa do Peixe National Park in southern Brazil. In this study, we (i) mapped TWBP nests, (ii) characterised their reproductive biology and nesting habitats, (iii) colour‐marked birds and evaluated their seasonal occurrence patterns and (iv) estimated the size of the Brazilian population by combining supervised habitat classification analyses and generalised additive models. We estimated that the Brazilian population has 55 (95% CI: 44.1–66.6) breeding pairs and found that the length of their breeding season was roughly 5 months, spanning the Austral spring and summer. The population’s nesting habitat differed, and their apparent reproductive success was lower than that of core populations. Unlike more southerly populations, the results of our mark‐resighting efforts demonstrate that the Brazilian population is sedentary. Taken together, these results indicate that the Brazilian TWBP population seems geographically isolated from the species’ southernmost core populations, resulting in a heteropatric distribution. Furthermore, differences in nesting habitat and year‐round residency indicate that this peripheral population is ecologically distinct. The marked behavioural and ecological differences combined with the small population at the northern edge of the TWBP distribution support the central‐peripheral hypothesis in a Neotropical system.
Home range and space use by African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mlambo Liberty , Shekede Munyaradzi Davis , Adam Elhadi , Odindi John , Murwira Amon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study examined the African elephant's (Loxodonta africana) seasonal space use and movement using elephant telemetry data in Hwange National Park. The adaptive‐local convex hull (a‐LoCoH) was adopted to understand the elephant movement metrics and home range. Paired t test was used to compare the mean seasonal speed of each group (n = 10) of elephants, while the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to determine differences in the 50% and 90% home range. Results show that mean elephant movement speed significantly differed (t = −3.07, df = , p < 0.01) for all elephant groups across seasons. Moreover, significant differences (W = 3, Z = 2.4973, p < 0.012) were observed between core a‐LoCoH home‐range distributions for the wet and dry seasons. However, no significant differences (W = 10, Z = 1.7838, p > 0.05) were detected between the two seasons for the total (90%) a‐LoCoH ranges. NDVI, Distance to water sources and Slope were positively related with elephant movement speed while Aspect and Distance to roads were negatively related with elephant speed. These findings underscore the importance of resource variability in driving elephant movement and foraging behaviour in a semi‐arid savannah ecosystem.
Photophobia and disability glare in adult patients with Marfan syndrome: a case–control study
Authors: Sandvik Gunhild Falleth , Rand‐Hendriksen Svend , Drolsum Liv , Kristianslund Olav 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the present study was to investigate photophobia and disability glare in adult patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS).MethodsIn this case–control study, 44 patients with MFS (87 eyes) were compared to 44 controls (88 eyes), who were matched for age and sex. The subjects were asked to grade their photophobia and glare using 10‐cm visual analogue scales (VAS), which were marked with ‘never’ at zero and ‘always’ at 10 ‐cm. In addition, disability glare was measured with C‐Quant straylight meter.ResultsThe patients with MFS had significantly higher VAS scores than the controls in four out of seven statements related to photophobia and glare. When including cataract, spherical equivalent, iris colour, axial length and corneal curvature, three of the seven statements were still significantly different between the two groups. The mean straylight values were 1.29 ± 0.03 log(s) in the MFS group and 1.01 ± 0.03 log(s) in the control group (p < 0.001, mixed model). These differences remained significant after adjusting for cataract, spherical equivalent, iris colour, axial length and corneal curvature.ConclusionPatients with MFS reported more photophobia and had a higher straylight value than the control group. Awareness of these findings of more photophobia and glare in the MFS patients is important when counselling and treating these patients.
Ultrastructure of the tongue in the African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris), comparison within the family Erinaceidae
Authors: Cizek Petr , Hamouzova Pavla , Goździewska‐Harłajczuk Karolina , Klećkowska‐Nawrot Joanna , Kvapil Pavel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) is commonly considered as a pet animal, which makes it widely studied. This study focused on lingual morphology due to its relation to the type of food consumed. Light and scanning electron microscopy on the tongues of 3 adult male hedgehogs was performed. Five types of papillae were distinguished on the dorsal lingual surface: filiform (fork‐like), conical, fungiform, vallate and foliate. Small conical papillae covered the dorsal surface of the apex, filiform (fork‐like) papillae were found on the corpus, fungiform papillae were scattered among conical as well as fork‐like papillae. Three vallate papillae localized on the lingual radix were arranged in an inverted V shape. Taste buds were opened to the circumpapillary sulcus. Histochemical analysis of seromucous salivary glands in the radix and purely serous glands in the vicinity of the vallate papillae showed the composition of their secretions in more detail. A comparison of the ultrastructure of the tongue within the family Erinaceidae was performed, as well as to species with similar feeding habits.
Immunolocalization of Cell Adhesion Molecules during tail regeneration in the lizard Podarcis muralis indicates coordinated control of epithelial differentiation
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImmunolocalization of cell adhesion molecules during tail regeneration in the lizard Podarcis muralis indicates coordinated control of epithelial differentiation. Acta Zoologica (Stockolm). Lizard epidermis is formed by alternating layers of hard corneous beta‐layers and softer and pliable alpha‐layers. After tail amputation in the lizard Podarcis muralis, the tail regenerates within a month forming neogenic scales. The differentiation of beta‐ and alpha‐layers in the epidermis has been studied by immunofluorescence detection of cell adhesion molecules. Initially, the thick wound epidermis shows high content in L‐CAM and N‐CAM in comparison with normal epidermis, including pre‐corneous layers where labelling is intense in the cytoplasm and along the keratinocyte perimeter. L‐ and N‐CAMs are also observed in the regenerating ependyma and N‐CAM in mesenchymal cells of blastema. The apical regenerating (wound) epidermis often shows nuclear localization in basal layers, especially for E‐cadherin, perhaps indicating epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Sections of regenerating scales show the typical renewal phase of the epidermis, with an intensification of L‐CAM, N‐CAM and general cadherin immunofluorescence in the forming clear‐Oberhautchen layers, and in the following beta‐ and alpha‐layers as they start to differentiate from the basal layer. A higher immunolabelling for cell adhesion cadherins suggests that these proteins contribute to form an integrated epidermal unit along the regenerating scales that allows the ordered stratification and shedding of these layers in lizard epidermis.
Consensus on nomenclature for clinical staging models in bipolar disorder: A narrative review from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Staging Task Force
Authors: Kupka Ralph , Duffy Anne , Scott Jan , Almeida Jorge , Balanzá‐Martínez Vicent , Birmaher Boris , Bond David J. , Brietzke Elisa , Chendo Ines , Frey Benicio N. , Grande Iria , Hafeman Danella , Hajek Tomas , Hillegers Manon , Kauer‐Sant’Anna Marcia , Mansur Rodrigo B. , van der Markt Afra , Post Robert , Tohen Mauricio , Tremain Hailey , Vazquez Gustavo , Vieta Eduard , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Berk Michael , Alda Martin , Kapczinski Flávio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesClinical staging is widely used in medicine to map disease progression, inform prognosis, and guide treatment decisions; in psychiatry, however, staging remains a hypothetical construct. To facilitate future research in bipolar disorders (BD), a well‐defined nomenclature is needed, especially since diagnosis is often imprecise with blurred boundaries, and a full understanding of pathophysiology is lacking.MethodsUnder the auspices of the International Society of Bipolar Disorders, a Task Force of international experts was convened to review, discuss, and integrate findings from the scientific literature relevant to the development of a consensus staging model and standardize a terminology that could be used to advance future research including staging of BD and related disorders.ResultsConsensus opinion and areas of uncertainty or difference were identified in regard to terms referring to staging as it may apply to BD, to at‐risk status and subthreshold stages, and to various clinical stages of BD as it is currently diagnosed.ConclusionThe use of a standardized nomenclature about the clinical stages of BD will facilitate communication about research on clinical and pathological components of this heterogeneous group of disorders. The concepts presented are based on current evidence, but the template provided allows for further refinements as etiological advances come to light.
Estimating vaccine efficacy over time after a randomized study is unblinded
Authors: Tsiatis Anastasios A. , Davidian Marie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic due to the novel coronavirus SARS CoV‐2 has inspired remarkable breakthroughs in the development of vaccines against the virus and the launch of several phase 3 vaccine trials in Summer 2020 to evaluate vaccine efficacy (VE). Trials of vaccine candidates using mRNA delivery systems developed by Pfizer‐BioNTech and Moderna have shown substantial VEs of 94–95%, leading the US Food and Drug Administration to issue Emergency Use Authorizations and subsequent widespread administration of the vaccines. As the trials continue, a key issue is the possibility that VE may wane over time. Ethical considerations dictate that trial participants be unblinded and those randomized to placebo be offered study vaccine, leading to trial protocol amendments specifying unblinding strategies. Crossover of placebo subjects to vaccine complicates inference on waning of VE. We focus on the particular features of the Moderna trial and propose a statistical framework based on a potential outcomes formulation within which we develop methods for inference on potential waning of VE over time and estimation of VE at any postvaccination time. The framework clarifies assumptions made regarding individual‐ and population‐level phenomena and acknowledges the possibility that subjects who are more or less likely to become infected may be crossed over to vaccine differentially over time. The principles of the framework can be adapted straightforwardly to other trials.
Patients’ expectations of cancer treatment and their perceived link to subsequent experiences: A qualitative study
Authors: Cockle Sam , Ogden Jane 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveWhilst much research has addressed patients’ expectations and experiences of cancer treatment, little research has explored the association between these factors. The current qualitative study aimed to explore patients’ beliefs about the relationship between their expectations of cancer treatment and their subsequent experiences.DesignQualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with sixteen individuals who had received cancer treatment.ResultsData were analysed using thematic analysis and illustrated that cancer treatment was experienced as a challenge that could be understood in terms of two themes: ‘investing in treatment’ reflecting trust in treatment and health care professionals and a sense that treatment was a necessary evil and ‘encountering tensions or disconnects’ illustrating the mismatch between expectations and experiences with patient reporting feeling unprepared, pleasantly surprised or shock. Transcending these themes was the notion of ‘searching for stability and certainty’ in terms of a desire for normality and a shift in focus between treatment process and outcome. Overall, disconnects were apparent between participants’ expectations and experiences. However, due to their trust in treatment, participants were able to shift their focus between the treatment itself and future outcomes, to regain a sense of certainty.ConclusionPatients describe a complex relationship between expectations and experiences and are able to shift their focus between process and outcome to cope with the challenges they face.
Music during flexible cystoscopy for pain and anxiety – a patient‐blinded randomised control trial
Authors: McClintock George , Wong Eddy , Mancuso Pascal , Lalak Nestor , Gassner Paul , Haghighi Kayvan , Rathore Prem , McAulay Lesley , Jeffery Nicola 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the role of music in reducing the pain and anxiety associated with flexible cystoscopy using a blinded trial design.Patients and MethodsA patient‐blinded randomised control trial of music during flexible cystoscopy was performed comparing the pain, measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), anxiety, measured by the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and vital signs of 109 patients across two public hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. The purpose and hypothesis of the study was concealed from patients until after results had been collected.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences detected between the No Music and Music groups in VAS pain score (mean [SD] 2.04 [1.94] vs 2.10 [1.90], P = 0.86), change in STAI anxiety score (mean [SD] 4.87 [9.87] vs 6.8 [11.07], P = 0.33) or post‐procedural vital signs (mean [SD] heart rate 74 [14] vs 72 [13] beats/min, P = 0.66; systolic blood pressure 144 [20] vs 141 [19] mmHg, P = 0.47) between the two groups.ConclusionMusic does not appear to decrease perceived pain or anxiety when used during flexible cystoscopy. These findings may differ from the literature due to several factors, most significantly blinding of participants, but also potentially due to the ethnic composition of the study population or lack of choice of music.
In remembrance of Victor Rico Gray (1951‐2021): An astonishing tropical ecologist
Authors: Dáttilo Wesley , Serio‐Silva Juan Carlos , Thompson John N. , Del‐Claro Kleber , Guimarães Paulo R. , Oliveira Paulo S. , Jordano Pedro , Marquis Robert J. , Koptur Suzanne 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this remembrance, we have brought together some of Victor Rico‐Gray’s friends and collaborators to recall his many contributions to tropical ecology and his influence on so many young scientists. Victor’s research ranged from Mexican ethnobotany to the evolutionary ecology of complex interactions between ants and plants. His research was highly collaborative, forming strong bonds among those who shared his interests in how the web of life is organized. He inspired students through his mentoring in tropical ecology, mainly his lectures at the Instituto de Ecología AC (INECOL), and later at the Universidad Veracruzana (UV), his courses organized by the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS), and his talks at meetings, including the Association of Tropical Biology and Conservation (ATBC). Victor’s story is not over. It will continue to be traced through countless scientists who were inspired by Victor’s life and work.
Laparoscopic colorectal surgery and discharge within 24 h—who is at risk for readmission?
Authors: de Azevedo José Gonçalves Moreira , Mendes Carlos Ramon Silveira , Lima Meyline Andrade , Pessoa Joana Carolina Saraiva de Paula , São Julião Guilherme Pagin , Perez Rodrigo Oliva , Vailati Bruna Borba 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe aim was to describe risk factors for hospital readmission in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal procedures and being discharged in ≤24 h.MethodAll consecutive patients undergoing minimally invasive colorectal surgery between 2010 and 2019 from a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were included in an enhanced recovery programme. Patients who met criteria for hospital discharge were compared according to the need for readmission in a 45‐day follow‐up.ResultsIn all, 664 patients underwent minimally invasive colorectal surgery during the study period and 237 (35.7%) were discharged in ≤24 h. Readmission was required in 16 (6.8%) patients discharged in ≤24 h and no postoperative mortality was observed in this group. Patients discharged in ≤24 h were more likely to have benign disease (P < 0.001), fewer associated procedures (P < 0.025) and intracorporeal anastomoses (P < 0.001). The type of surgical procedure (abdominoperineal resection), low rectal tumour, malignant disease, older age and longer operating time were associated with readmission. Age (OR 1.06; P = 0.037), malignant disease (OR 4.39; P = 0.05) and operating time (OR 1.03; P < 0.001) were identified as independent predictive factors for readmission amongst patients being discharged in ≤24 h.ConclusionHighly selected patients undergoing minimally invasive procedures in colorectal surgery may be safely discharged within 24 h following the procedure. High‐risk features for readmission include older age, malignant disease and longer operating time.