bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of an epidemiological profile of confirmed COVID-19 positive persons in district Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Kaur Gurmeet , Bala Kiran , . Shalli 
Published: August 2021

Background: India recorded its first COVID-19 case on 30 January 2020. Though the early, extended nationwide lockdown of the country was implemented effectively, this alone was not sufficient to defeat the COVID-19 disease. Realizing the importance of the need to generate local epidemiological data through robust studies, this study was undertaken in a district Kathua of Jammu and Kashmir. The aim was to study the epidemiological profile of patients tested positive in district Kathua.Methods: Retrospective observational study was done to find the spatial distribution of corona virus infection in the five blocks in district Kathua of Jammu and Kashmir. Data from the integrated disease surveillance project (IDSP) unit of district Kathua was screened and the epidemiological information from all the positive reports which included the total number of COVID-19 positive cases, address, travel history, contact history were extracted for the period of five months April 2020 to August 2020.Results: 929 patients were found positive for COVID-19. Male outnumbered the females. More than 58.8% of males were of age group 21-40 years and the least number of positive male cases were seen in the age group >80 years. In our study 627 (67%) had a history of travel, 202 (21%) had a history of contact with a positive patient, 100 (10%) were positive with no history of travel or contact.Conclusions: Kathua block of the district was maximally affected having the 58.7% largest number of COVID-19 positive cases with cure rate of 92.46% and case fatality rate of 0.5% was observed.
Women’s autonomy and maternal health service utilization among the women’s having less than two years age children in Rautahat district, Nepal
Authors: Shah Sanjaya Kumar , Yadav Neelima , Shah Richa , Bhatta Ramesh , Karki Rajesh , Chaudhary Anil , Khanal Josana , Gupta Rajesh Kumar 
Published: August 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Despite various attempts and schemes made by government. maternal mortality remains as one of the biggest public health challenges in Nepal. The aim of the study was to assess the association of women autonomy with maternal health service utilization among the women having 2 years children in Paroha municipality ward no. 3 and 4, Rautahat, Nepal.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Cross sectional study was conducted. Simple random sampling was used to select respondents. Data were collected through face to face interview. Data were entered in Epi data and analyzed using SPSS. Chi square test was applied to test the significance of association at 95% confidence interval. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Majority (76.8%) of the respondents had antenatal care visit and more than half of them had four or more antenatal care visits. similarly, overwhelming majority (88.4%) of the birth were institutional delivery. Almost (91%) of the women had postnatal care visit for their last child. The study indicates that almost (95.5%) of the decisions were made without the involvement of the women. Most of women had medium level autonomy in all aspect (score= 17-32). Autonomy was positively associated with use of maternal health services i.e.; ANC visit (p=0.000), place of delivery (p=0.036), PNC visit (p=0.045).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Findings of the study show that if women autonomy will be higher, there will be increase in maternal service utilization. Whereas autonomy has link with better education and employment opportunity of the women.</p>
Effect of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic on lipid profile of Indian male population
Authors: Tripathy Subrat K. , Ray Subhashree 
Published: August 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> SARS-COV-2 pandemic is one of the biggest health challenges for modern era and this type of pandemic was never witnessed in recent past. To control the pandemic various measures were taken by various authorities like lockdown and shutdown. This study was meant to find the effect of this new way of social isolation during lockdown on Indian male population.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted in IMS and SUM hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Those having routine blood check-up before lockdown in the hospital were again re-evaluated for their lipid profile after lockdown. Only male between age group of 20 to 59 included in the study who were mostly confined to home during lockdown. Female, front line workers and people already having deranged lipid profile were excluded from the study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> It was found that there are significant variations in the triglyceride and cholesterol level in men before and after lockdown whereas the level of HDL did not show any significant variation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> From above study it may be concluded that though lockdown is somehow able to control the rapid spread of the virus but it has negative effect on the lipid profile and indirectly cardiovascular health of a man.</p>
Prevalence of musculoskeletal problems in caregivers handling non-ambulatory spinal cord injury patients
Authors: Kulkarni Pranjali , Ray Manish , Shyam Ashok , Sancheti Parag 
Published: August 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a distressing disorder that can cause of loss of physical, psychological and social functioning, that can cause high level of disability in patients. Due to disability, they are dependent on caregivers for their daily activities. Caregivers of SCI can be family or professional caregivers. Due to lack of training and awkward posture, caring for SCI patients may be burdensome which results in musculoskeletal problems in caregivers so it is important to find out the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems. The objectives were to find out the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems in caregivers handling non-ambulatory SCI patients and most common site of injury.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross sectional study was carried out on 80 caregivers including both professional and family caregivers. Self-structured validated questionnaire used to interview the caregivers based on convenient sampling. The data was analysed by descriptive statistics.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of musculoskeletal problems is 95% in caregivers including both family and professional caregivers. Low back pain was the commonest site of symptoms (53%) followed by 15% neck, 12% upper back pain, right shoulder (10%), right wrist (5%) and no pain (5%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The prevalence of musculoskeletal problems in caregivers handling non ambulatory SCI is high. Most affected area is low back pain and neck pain. The findings of the study indicated that proper training and exercise are required, on means of preventing musculoskeletal problems.</p><p> </p>
Factors affecting the uptake of community-based health insurance in Ethiopia: a systematic review
Authors: Bayked Ewunetie M. , Kahissay Mesfin H. , Workneh Birhanu D. 
Published: August 2021

<p class="abstract">The goal of health care financing in Ethiopia is achieving universal health care coverage by community-based health insurance which was expected to cover more than eighty percent of the population. The aim was to minimize catastrophic out-of-pocket health service expenditure. We systematically reviewed factors affecting the uptake of community-based health insurance in Ethiopia. We searched various databases by 09 to 10 March 2019. We included articles regardless of their publication status with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The factors determining the uptake of community-based health insurance in Ethiopia were found to be demographic and socio-economic, and health status, and health service-related issues. Among demographic and socio-economic factors, the report of the studies regarding gender and age was not consistent. However, income, education, community participation, marriage, occupation, and family size were found to be significant predictors and were positively related to the uptake of the scheme.<strong> </strong>Concerning health status and health service-related factors; illness experience, benefit package, awareness level, previous out of pocket expenditure for health care service, and health service status (quality, adequacy, efficiency, and coverage) were significantly and positively related but the premium amount, self-rated health status and bureaucratic complexity were found to be negative predictors. To achieve universal health care coverage through community-based health insurance, special attention should be given to community-based intervention.</p>
Study proposal of the impact of gas flaring on health of communities in Delta state Nigeria
Authors: Obi Nkemdilim , Bwititi Phillip , Nwose Ezekiel 
Published: August 2021

<p class="abstract">Gas flaring is the continuous discharge of gaseous fuel into the atmosphere during oil and gas operations. Over the past years, there has been an increased concern of the impact of gas flaring on the environment and recently on human health. The impact of gas flaring in Niger Delta, Nigeria is of local and global environmental concern. The uncontrolled and wasteful flaring of gas has caused negative impacts on the flora, fauna and human health and livelihood in the region. Reports indicate that gas flaring in Nigeria contributed more greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere than the combined contribution of gas flaring on GHGs in the Sub-Saharan African countries. The GHGs emitted during gas flaring contribute significantly to global warming which may result in sea level rise and hasten the effects of climate change. Gas flaring, commonly carried out by oil exploration companies in Nigeria poses a hazard to the health of populations and environment by pollution, warming and release of GHGs. This study seeked to identify the risks associated with gas flaring in relation to human health in Delta region of Nigeria.</p>
Prospects and Challenges of Crowdfunding as an Alternative Funding Option in Nigeria
Authors: Aderemi Abdulmajeed M.R. , Maulida Sri , Maikabara Abdullateef Abdulqadir 
Published: August 2021

This study aims to review the concept, prospects, and challenges of crowdfunding in Nigeria. Furthermore, it adopts a library-based concept in which secondary sources are relied on data collection using descriptive and deductive approaches of analysis. The results showed that Nigeria has the potential of becoming the hub center of crowdfunding in Africa. However, various challenges are facing the growth of this platform as a means of ﬁnancing. These include the issues of regulation, lack of adequate awareness, as well as fraud and corruption. Furthermore, this study recommends the need for adequate awareness about crowdfunding and the regulation to ensure its functionality. It also oﬀers additional literature as a means of ﬁnancing, especially from the Nigerian context.
Rural Women Farmers and Sustainable Livelihoods in Guyana
Authors: Henry Paulette 
Published: August 2021

Rural women in agriculture are legitimized women as productive stakeholders through a process that documents the various roles have played in rural agriculture, the rural economy, and food security. Accounting for 43% of the world’s agricultural labor force, women are important actors in the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2 particularly in reducing poverty especially among women, and improving food security. This quantitative study has shown that women have combined their roles in varying fields of agriculture using their income to take care of families while contributing to the economy and food security. Their contributions however are underrecognized due to the gender disparities in the investments made to their male peers in the same business. This may be due to the feminization of rural agriculture coupled with many women not having the literacies required to negotiate the demands of land or loan acquisition and the technical skills to move beyond subsistence agriculture. Notwithstanding, rural women farmers earn income that helps to guarantee the basic livelihoods of their families and contribute to community food security. However, rural women farmers also have limited financial and technical capabilities to conserve their surpluses and increase their economic well-being. Investments by national governments must be made to rural agriculture with specific recognition towards the advancement of women farmers.
Optimizing Costs and Outcomes for Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery
Authors: Rogers Miranda J. , Stephens Andrew R. , Yoo Minkyoung , Nelson Richard E. , Kazmers Nikolas H. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
It is unclear which carpal tunnel release (CTR) strategy (i.e., which combination of surgical technique and setting) is most cost-effective. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed to compare (1) open CTR in the procedure room (OCTR/PR), (2) OCTR in the operating room (OCTR/OR), and (3) endoscopic CTR in the operating room (ECTR/OR).

Methods:
A decision analytic model was used to compare costs and health utilities between treatment strategies. Utility and probability parameters were identified from the literature. Medical costs were estimated with Medicare ambulatory surgical payment data. Indirect costs were related to days out of work due to surgical recovery and complications. The effectiveness outcome was quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses and one-way sensitivity analyses were performed. Cost-effectiveness was assessed from the societal and health-care system perspectives with use of a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000/QALY.

Results:
In the base-case analysis, OCTR/PR was more cost-effective than OCTR/OR and ECTR/OR from the societal perspective. The mean total costs and QALYs per patient were $29,738 ± $4,098 and 0.88 ± 0.08 for OCTR/PR, $30,002 ± $4,098 and 0.88 ± 0.08 for OCTR/OR, and $41,311 ± $4,833 and 0.87 ± 0.08 for ECTR/OR. OCTR/PR was also the most cost-effective strategy from the health-care system perspective. These findings were robust in the probabilistic sensitivity analyses: OCTR/PR was the dominant strategy (greater QALYs at a lower cost) in 55% and 61% of iterations from societal and health-care system perspectives, respectively. One-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that OCTR/PR and OCTR/OR remained more cost-effective than ECTR/OR from a societal perspective under the following conditions: $0 surgical cost of ECTR, 0% revision rate following ECTR, equalization of the return-to-work rate between OCTR and ECTR, or 0 days out of work following ECTR. OCTR/OR became more cost-effective than OCTR/PR with the median nerve injury rate tripling and doubling from societal and health-care system perspectives, respectively, or if surgical direct costs in the PR exceeded those in the OR.

Conclusions:
Compared with OCTR/OR and ECTR/OR, OCTR/PR minimizes costs to the health-care system and society while providing favorable outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Economic and Decision Analysis Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Predictive Proteomic Signature for the Prognosis of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Ji Xiaoyu , Chu Guangdi , Jiao Jinwen , Lv Teng , Chen Yulong , Yao Qin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common types of malignant female cancer, and its incidence and mortality are not optimistic. Protein panels can be a powerful prognostic factor for many types of cancer. The purpose of our study was to investigate a proteomic panel to predict survival of patients with common CC. Methods and results: The protein expression and clinicopathological data of CC were downloaded from The Cancer Proteome Atlas (TCPA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, respectively. We selected the prognosis-related proteins (PRPs) by univariate Cox regression analysis and found that the results of functional enrichment analysis were mainly related to apoptosis. We used Kaplan–Meier(K-M) analysis and multivariable Cox regression analysis further to screen PRPs to establish a prognostic model, including BCL2, SMAD3, and 4EBP1-pT70. The signature was verified to be independent predictors of OS by Cox regression analysis and the Area Under Curves. Nomogram and subgroup classification were established based on the signature to verify its clinical application. Furthermore, we looked for the co-expressed proteins of three-protein panel as potential prognostic proteins.Conclusion: A proteomic signature independently predicted OS of CC patients, and the predictive ability was better than the clinicopathological characteristics. This signature can help improve prediction for clinical outcome and provides new targets for CC treatment.
Studying Survivors of Near-Fatal Suicide Attempts By Poisoning: Qualitative Study
Authors: Pires Emanuelle Garmes , Silva Gizelda Monteiro da , Silva Sonia Maria Cesar de Azevedo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Near-fatal suicide attempts by poisoning increase the risk of subsequent suicide and results in hospitalizations due to health damage caused by chemical agents. There have been no studies in Brazil considering the factors related to the choice of self-poisoning in near-fatal suicide attempts and individual awareness of hazards if non-lethal outcome. Aims: Investigate the factors influencing the decision to use poisoning in near-fatal suicide attempts and the perception of its dangers in case of survival. Method: Exploratory qualitative research with 17 adult patients who had near-fatal suicide attempts by self-poisoning hospitalized at a general hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Results: Patients reported three main reasons for the choice of method: the expectation of death without suffering, the belief of its efficacy as a suicide method, and ease of access to chemical agents. None considered the health risks associated with the chemical agents if they survived due to impulsivity and misinformation. Conclusion: Most participants chose self-poisoning with the expectation of death without suffering. Importantly, although half the sample required hospitalization, none had considered the risks associated with the use of such chemical agents. We conclude that prevention strategies should inform the possible health damages related to the use of chemical agents for people at risk of suicide.
TAS-102 Independent and Combined Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Cheng-Jiang , Hu Ting , Shao Ping , Chu Wu-Yang , Cao Yu , Zhang Feng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TAS-102 in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
Methods

The pubmed, web of science, medline, cochrane library databases were searched for the literature on TAS-102 treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Extract data such as median Overall Survival (mOS), median Progression-Free Survival (mPFS) and the incidence of adverse events for meta-analysis.
Results

Our study found that the mOS of patients treated with TAS-102 was 7.74 (95%CI: 6.09–9.85) and the mPFS was 2.91 (95%CI: 2.38–3.57). The mOS in patients treated by TAS-102 Combined with bevacizumab is 10.41 (95%CI: 8.40-12.89) and the mPFS is 4.35 (95%CI: 3.05–6.20). In the control experiment, the patients' mOS and mPFS were improved. TAS-102 + B VS. TAS- 102 (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.93; OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.63–0.83). TAS-102 VS. Placebo(OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.29–0.67; OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.42–0.62). The incidence of adverse events in combination with bevacizumab will increase.
Conclusion

TAS-102 single or combined treatment can significantly improve the survival of patients, and drug safety should be considered when formulating a combined treatment plan.
Prediction of Ductile Damage and Fracture in the Single and Multi-stage Incremental Hole-flanging Process Using a New Damage Accumulation Law
Authors: Seyyedi Seyyed Emad , Gorji Hamid , Mirnia Mohammad Javad , Bhakhshi-Jooybari Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Incremental hole-flanging (IHF) is a process in which a sheet with a pre-cut hole is flanged by the single point incremental forming (SPIF) process. Fracture prediction in IHF, such as SPIF, is associated with many challenges due to the deformation mechanisms. The purpose of this paper is to overcome the existing limitations and challenges, and thus, to predict accurately failure in single, and multi-stage IHF processes. To this end, the modified Mohr-Coulomb (MMC) criterion was implemented using an appropriate user subroutine in a finite element method (FEM) model. The AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheet, which has low formability, and is fractured from its free edges in the IHF process, was examined as an example. Initially, a linear damage accumulation law, in which the prediction error is high due to the non-linear stress and strain states in the IHF, was used to predict the fracture. Therefore, in the next step, a non-linear damage accumulation function was utilized. While the non-linear accumulation accurately predicts the single-stage IHF fracture, it is not able to predict the fracture well in the multi-stage IHF. It was observed that in multi-stage IHF, the rate of damage accumulation decreases with increasing the number of forming stages. Accordingly, a new non-linear damage accumulation rule was developed. Experimental and numerical results indicated acceptable accuracy of the proposed non-linear accumulation in the fracture prediction in the single and multi-stage IHF process.
PBX1 Participated in Estrogen Mediated Bladder Cancer Progression and Chemo-Resistance through Affecting Estrogen Receptors
Authors: Zhao Yang , Che Jizhong , Tian Aimin , Zhang Gang , Xu Yankai , Li Shuhang , Liu Songlin , Wan Yinxu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common cancer associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (PBX1) has been reported to be involved in tumor progression. The aim of the study was to explore the specific role of PBX1 in BCa and its underlying mechanisms. The relative expressions of PBX1 in muscle-invasive BCa tissues and cell lines were analyzed through RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to analyze the relationship between PBX1 levels and survival status. Co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR assay were adopted to verify the interaction between PBX1 and Estrogen receptors (ERs), and explore the ER-dependent genes transcription. The results shown that PBX1 was upregulated in invasive BCa patients and BCa cells, positively associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and poorer survival status. Overexpression of PBX1 promoted cell growth, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and cisplatin resistance in BCa cells, while the silence of PBX1 showed opposite effects. Further, PBX1 interacted with Estrogen receptors (ERs) and was required for the ER function. Overexpression of PBX1 aggravated the tumor-promoting effect of estrogen on BCa cells, while partially suppressed the inhibitory effects of ER antagonist AZD9496 on BCa cells. In summary, this study revealed that PBX1 participated in estrogen mediated BCa progression and chemo-resistance through binding and activating estrogen receptors. Hence, PBX1 may serve as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for BCa treatment.