bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern and Sources of Farm Investment in Agriculture of West Bengal: A Comparative Analysis Between Small and Large Farm
Authors: Roy Arnab 
Published: May 2021

The analysis of the farm level investment is a complex problem, being very useful in the planning as well as in policy making process. This paper is the first to attempt a systematic comparison of investment between small and large farms in West Bengal. There has been a growing interest in recent years in the pattern of the capital formation, and sources of farm investment between different categories of farmer. The paper identifies the pattern of investment on different farm assets viz., purchase of land and land improvement, livestock, machinery, farm building, irrigation equipments and perennial crops. Data for the study was generated through a sample survey of 90 farm households from two districts in West Bengal. The rate of capital formation increased as the farm size increased. Purchase of irrigation appliances and land were the major item of capital formation in the farms of both small and large categories. Large farms invested highest on irrigation implements (` 66,467) and least on perennial crops (` 10,700). However, magnitude of investment was different across the different categories of farm. The per hectare investment on different farm capital assets found higher in case of small farms (` 2,77,559 per ha) than large farms (` 2,77,010 per ha). On aggregate, share of investment on different items was more than three times higher than investment made by small farmers in the last twelve month on their farms.
Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Ovarian Cancer among Two Egyptian Cohorts
Authors: Ahmed Sahar A. A. , Yassien Sahar 
Published: May 2021

Context: Ovarian cancer is a global health crisis, as it is one of the devastating diagnoses for the patient and family. Nurse is a key person in the effort of health promotion, screening, and early detection. As well as care through the illness continuum.
Aims: This study aims to determine the risk factors of ovarian cancer among two Egyptian cohorts, and to determine the possible protective factors of ovarian cancer among two Egyptian cohorts.
Methods: A descriptive exploratory (Case/control) prospective research design used to achieve the study aim. The study conducted in two clinical settings those are National Cancer Institute (for cases), and El-Minia General Hospital (for controls). The study recruited 80 cases with a confirmed diagnosis of ovarian cancer, and 456 healthy controls without ovarian cancer. A structured interview questionnaire used to collect data regarding the presence of possible risk and protective factors.
Results: The results of the present study revealed a highly statistically significant difference between cases and controls regarding their educational level, family history of ovarian cancer, types of other cancers, hysterectomy, and eating a low-fat diet at p<0.001. The study also showed a statistically significant difference regarding age at menopause, the degree of relationship with colorectal cancer relatives, and history of endometriosis at p<0.05.
Conclusion: The study signifies the level of education, hysterectomy, late age at menopause, and eating low fat diet as a protective-factors against ovarian cancer, while signifies the positive family history of ovarian cancer, and endometriosis as risk factors associated with ovarian cancer. The study recommended trained health care providers to monitor trends in ovarian cancer occurrence, disparities in care and health assurance assistance, provide screening and early detection activities, care, education for healthy women who are at risk for ovarian cancer.
Aplicación de algunos conceptos de la teoría de la complejidad a los procesos de salud-enfermedad en atención primaria
Authors: Terrasa Sergio 
Published: May 2021

El proceso de atención de un paciente y/o de su familia puede implicar una única consulta o bien una prolongada interacción entre dicho usuario –y/o sistema de usuarios- y al menos, algún profesional de la salud.
Podemos pensar a una persona, su familia, su entorno ampliado y su interacción con el sistema de salud, como un sistema complejo en un punto de su trayectoria.
El autor de este ensayo reflexiona sobre la potencial aplicabilidad de algunos conceptos de la teoría de la complejidad a la comprensión de los procesos de salud-enfermedad en atención primaria y las limitaciones actuales para el desarrollo y la aplicación de las tecnologías que pudieran derivarse de este cuerpo teórico.
تفسير الإمام علي بن موسى الرضا (عليه السلام) للقرآن الكريم في كتاب (الأمالي) للشيخ الصدوق (ت381هـ)
Authors: Abdul-Hussein Abd Ali Al-Thaalabi Mahmoud 
Published: May 2021

الحمد لله ربّ العالمين وأفضل الصلاة وأتم التسليم على حبيبنا وسيدنا وطبيب نفوسنا محمد وعلى أهل بيته الطيبين الطاهرين وصحبه المنتجبين .
الإمام الرضا (عليه السلام) هو الإمام الثامن من أئمة أهل البيت(عليه السلام) العترة الطاهرة الذين أوصى النبي(صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) بالتمسك بهم مع القرآن الكريم بعده لأنهم عدل القرآن وأهله الذين لن يفترقا حتى يردا عليه (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) الحوض ، ترك لنا الإمام الرضا (عليه السلام) أرثاً ضخماً بما نقل عنه (عليه السلام) صحابته وتلامذته من دروس ومناظرات ومباحث في كافة العلوم الإسلامية في (علوم القرآن وتفسيره ، وعلم الكلام والعقيدة ، والفقه وأصوله ، والزهد والأخلاق والدعاء وغيرها) ، فقام ابن بابويه بجمع فقهه (عليه السلام) في كتاب أسماه (فقه الرضا) ، وكذلك قام الشيخ بجمع أخبار الامام (عليه السلام) في كتاب أسماه (عيون أخبار الرضا) ، وقام الشيخ داود بن سليمان الغازي بجمع أحاديثه (عليه السلام) في كتاب أسماه (مسند الرضا) ، وكذلك فعل نفس الشيء الاستاذ عزيز الله عطاردي بجمع أحاديثه (عليه السلام) في كتاب أسماه (مسند الرضا)(عليه السلام) ولا يزال هذا الكنز العلمي الكبير بعيداً عن أيدي القراء كغيره من أرث باقي الأئمة (عليهم السلام) ، وهناك جوانب لم يتناولها الباحثون بالدرس والبحث والتدقيق ومنها تفسيره لعدد كبير من آيات القرآن الكريم التي نقلها العلماء عنه (عليه السلام) في كتبهم ولا سيما العالم الكبير والشيخ الجليل( الصدوق) (ره) في كتابه (الأمالي) ، حيث وجدنا عدد لابأس به من الآيات التي فسرها الإمام (عليه السلام) أثناء مناظراته احتجاجاً منه (عليه السلام) على الخصم ، أو بياناً منه لسؤال شخص عن معنى آية معينه ، فوجدناه تستحق البحث والاهتمام وقد بلغت هذه الآيات (15) آية كانت (تسع) منها مكية ، (والخمس) الأخرى مدنية , فقمنا بهذه المحاولة البسيطة باستخراج تفسيره(عليه السلام) لهذه الآيات ونظر فيما قاله مفسرو الاسلام فيها ، ومحاولة ترجيع التفسير السليم والموافق للعقل والنقل والمنطق بجمع ما نقدر عليه من الأدلة العقلية والنقلية والقرائن الدالة على أن تفسير الإمام (عليه السلام) هو التفسير السليم والموافق للقرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية ، لا سيما وهو أحد أئمة أهل البيت (عليهم السلام) أهل الذكر والقرآن الذين قال تعالى عنهم : {فِي بُيُوتٍ أَذِنَ اللَّهُ أَن تُرْفَعَ وَيُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ فِيهَا بِالْغُدُوِّ وَالْآصَالِ}(سورة النور: الآية /36) ، فضم بحثنا مقدمة وتمهيد ومبحثين وخاتمة ، ففي التمهيد : بيًنا جانبين مهمين لابد منهما قبل الدخول في غمار البحث ، الجانب الأول : بيًنا فيه معنى (التفسير) في اللغة والشرع – الاصطلاح - ، والجانب الثاني : قدمنا ترجمة مختصرة عن حياة إمامنا الرضا (عليه السلام) ، وكذلك عرفنا بشيخنا (الصدوق) وبكتابه (الأمالي)، وفي المبحثين ، تناولنا تفسيره (عليه السلام) للآيات القرآنية ورتبناها في البحث حسب ترتيبها في المصحف ، فكان المبحث الأول : تفسير الآيات المكية وكما قلنا كانت (تسع آيات) وهن : 1- آية من سورة الأنعام ، 2- آية من سورة الحجر ،3- آية من سورة الإسراء ،4 و5- آيتان من سورة طه ، 6- آية من سورة الشورى ، 7و8- آيتان من سورة الأنبياء ، 9- آية من سورة يس ، وتناول المبحث الثاني : تفسير الآيات المدنية وهي (خمس آيات) وهن : 1- آية من سورة البقرة ، 2- آية من سورة آل عمران ، 3- آية من سورة النساء ، 4- آية من سورة الأنفال ، 5- آية من سورة الرعد ، ومن ثم كانت الخاتمة ، بعدها قائمة بالمصادر والمراجع .
نمو المفاهيم العلمية لدى تلامذة صفوف التربية الخاصة واقرانهم في الصفوف الاعتيادية / دراسة مقارنة
Authors: Muhy Naser Ibrahim 
Published: May 2021

تناول البحث مشكلة نمو المفاهيم العلمية لدى شريحة واسعة من تلامذة الصفوف الاعتيادية و صفوف التربية الخاصة في المدارس الابتدائية ولكون المناهج تصمم وتبنى على شكل مفاهيم علمية فان نمو المفاهيم من الامور الضرورية للعملية التربوية وتخص التلامذة والمعلمين على السواء . وتمثلت مشكلة البحث في التعرف على اهم المفاهيم العلمية التي تتناولها مناهج العلوم في المرحلة الابتدائية ومدى سرعة نمو المفاهيم وكيفية النمو والاختلافات في عناصر المفهوم بين التلامذة وتحدد البحث في تلامذة الصفوف من الصف الرابع الى الصف السادس الابتدائي وذلك بدراسة طويلة تضمنت اختبار التلامذة في الصف الرابع باختبار شفوي لقياس عناصر المفاهيم لديهم ومن ثم تتبع نمو تلك المفاهيم في المرحلة السادسة باختبار تحريري وشملت العينة (30) تلميذ في الصفوف الاعتيادية وصفوف التربية الخاصة واظهرت النتائج بعد نهاية البحث ان نمو المفاهيم يكون اسرع عند تلامذة الصفوف الاعتيادية من تلامذة الصفوف الخاصة كما اظهرت النتائج ان نمو المفاهيم يكون اسرع في العنصر الاول من المفهوم وهو التعريف من العناصر الاخرى وهي المثال والتطبيق اي ان التعليم يتجه نحو التأكيد فقط على هذا العنصر وهذا ما تم اكتشافه عند تصحيح نتائج الاختبار البعدي ولدى تلامذة الصفوف الاعتيادية والخاصة على السواء وخرج الباحثان بمقترحات لتنمية وتدريس المفاهيم بالتأكيد كل عنصر من عناصر المفهوم والانتقال من الحفظ لعنصر التعريف الى الفهم والاستيعاب لعنصر المثال ومن ثم التطبيق للعنصر الثالث وكما يقترح الباحث اجراء دراسات تكميلية للبحث الحالي .
العلاقات المكانية لأثر استخدام طرائق الري الحديثة في إنتاج محصول القمح في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة.
Authors: Zakir Tawfiq Shahla , Abdul-Ilah Faisal Alaa 
Published: May 2021

تستند هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة التحليل المكاني لأثر استخدام طرائق الري الحديثة في إنتاج محصول القمح في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة وتفسير ذلك وفقا لعدد من المتغيرات المتمثلة بـ (المساحة المزروعة وتكاليف الإنتاج ومهارة المنتج ) , وقد تبين من ذلك إن أهم الأسباب المحددة لتباين استخدام طرائق الري الحديثة في إنتاج محصول القمح في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة هي حجم الحيازات الزراعية وتكاليف الإنتاج , وأن زيادة المساحات المزروعة في المحافظة كان نتيجة للتوسع استخدام طرائق الري الحديثة والتي من خلالهما زادة كميات الإنتاج بشكل ملحوظ عما كانت عليه في الأعوام السابقة .
Kết quả bước đầu phẫu thuật nội soi giảm áp hốc mắt điều trị bệnh mắt Basedow chèn ép thị thần kinh
Authors: Hạnh Phạm Thị Mỹ , Thắng Nguyễn Chiến , Anh Nguyễn Duy , Văn Phạm Trọng 
Published: May 2021

Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, được tiến hành trên 14 mắt của 9 bệnh nhân bị bệnh mắt do basedow chèn ép thị thần kinh được phẫu thuật nội soi giảm áp hốc mắt từ tháng 1/2018 đến tháng 1/2020 tại bệnh viện Quân y 103. Kết quả: Mức giảm độ lồi trung bình sau mổ là 2,1 ± 1,03 (1 - 3 mm). Thị lực trước mổ trung bình 0,99± 0,72 (0,1 – 2,0) (logMar). Sau mổ thị lực trung bình 0,52±0,46 (0-2) (logMar). Thị lực tăng trung bình tương đương với 4 dòng Snellen. Thị lực cải thiện ở 9 mắt, không đổi ở 5 mắt, không mắt nào giảm thị lực. Có 10/14 mắt có cải thiện thị trường rõ rệt, 6/8 mắt tổn thương sắc giác phục hồi hoàn toàn. Thị lực sau phẫu thuật tốt hơn tương quan đáng kể với thị lực tốt trước phẫu thuật (r= 0,713, p=0,014), gai thị bạc màu tương quan nghịch với thị lực tốt sau phẫu thuật (r= 0,705, p= 0,023) nhưng tuổi, độ lồi, và giá trị MD trên xét nghiệm thị trường không tương quan đáng kể với thị lực sau phâu thuật. Điểm viêm CAS ≥ 4 sau điều trị corticoid liều xung làm tăng nguy cơ không cải thiện thị lực sau mổ, RR=3. Không có trường hợp nào bị rò dịch não tủy, hay tổn thương ống lệ mũi. Sau mổ nhìn đôi xuất hiện mới hoặc tăng nặng ở 5/9 bệnh nhân trong đó có 2 bệnh nhân cần phải phẫu thuật lác.
Geology and Concepts of Genesis of Important Types of Uranium Deposits
Authors: Nash J. T. , Granger H. C. , Adams S. S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Uranium ore deposits occur in nearly every major rock type in the earth’s crust, and nearly all igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary processes are capable of concentrating or dispersing uranium. However, only three types of deposits account for more than 70 percent of known Western World Reasonably Assured Resources (WWRAR): Precambrian quartz-pebble conglomerate type, Proterozoic unconformity type, and Phanerozoic sandstone type. Igneous-related processes in plutonic, volcanic, and magmatic-hydrothermal environments, considered important 25 years ago, now account for less than 10 percent of world resources known at present.
The oldest known ore deposits were formed in conglomerates by placer processes under unique anoxic conditions. For the last 2.2 b.y., since oxygenation of the atmosphere, the genesis of both high- and low-temperature deposits has been dominated by three general geochemical processes: (1) oxidation of uranium to soluble U(VI) species permitting aqueous transport, perhaps most commonly as uranyl-carbonate complexes; (2) reduction, principally by C, S−2, or Fe+2 species, to U(IV) to allow precipitation of uraninite (pitchblende), and coffinite, although the specific reductant commonly cannot be determined because these three tend to be associated geologically; and (3) igneous and metamorphic differentiation caused by exclusion of uranium from crystal structure of most rock-forming minerals.
The geochemistry of uranium ore-forming processes has changed in time because of the evolution of life forms and their impact on the earth’s oxygen and carbon budgets. This evolution is reflected in changing predominance of ore types in geologic time: (1) pre-2.8 b.y. ago—no known uranium ore deposits; (2) ca. 2.8 to 2.2 b.y. ago—the first intràcratonic basins and anoxic atmosphere permitted accumulation of placer deposits of uraninite in quartz-pebble conglomerates; these deposits contain about 19 percent of the western world’s resources; (3) ca. 2.2 to 0.4 b.y. ago—following oxygenation of the atmosphere uranium was oxidized and transported as soluble U(VI) complexes to sites of reduction, commonly in organic carbon-rich marginal marine environments. Diagenesis, metamorphism, and near-surface redox enrichment subsequently formed unconformity-type, ultrametamorphic-type, and vein-type ore deposits which together contain more than 25 percent of the western world’s resources; (4) ca. 0.4 b.y. ago to present—after development of land plants the most important ore-forming process was redox-controlled deposition from ground water in continental sediments. Sandstone-type deposits, characteristic of this stage, contain about 40 percent of the western world’s resources.
Gamma-Ray Spectrometry in Geologic Mapping and Uranium Exploration
Authors: Ward Stanley H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Gamma-ray spectrometry, airborne or ground, may be useful in a wide variety of geologic mapping applications because the concentrations of uranium, thorium, and/or potassium may be diagnostic of rock type in many uranium, base, and precious metal environments. However, in areas of little outcrop, the surface material must be either residual or locally derived before gamma-ray spectrometry can be applied successfully. In its alternate application—direct detection of uranium—gamma-ray spectrometry has been remarkably successful in recent years. However, for direct detection of uranium deposits, gamma-ray spectrometry will decrease in its application because most deposits occurring sufficiently close to surface to be detected have already been found.
To be of maximum use to the explorationist, data from gamma-ray spectrometry surveys must be acquired with utmost care. Accordingly, attention must be directed to the evaluation of such problems as disequilibrium in the uranium decay series, removal of atmospheric background radiation, the effect of rainfall and other meteorological phenomena, calibration of spectrometers, statistical errors in count rates, fields of view of gamma-ray detectors, and the effect of overburden. Modern instrumentation, calibration, and analysis are such that data can be evaluated with such care that as little as 1 ppm U, 1 ppm Th, or 0.1 percent K can be detected reliably with an airborne or ground gamma-ray spectrometry survey.
From Dialogic Tension to Social Address: Reconsidering Mandolfo's Proposed Didactic Voice in Lament Psalms
Authors: Suderman W. Derek 
Published: May 2021

In God in the Dock, Carleen Mandolfo argues that the move from second person speech to God to third person description of the divine within “dialogic psalms” reflects the “interjection” of a secondary voice. While her focus on speech to a human audience is significant, the criteria she employs prove problematic. Rather than multiple voices, the psalms Mandolfo discusses are better understood as reflecting shifts in address between multiple audiences spoken by a single supplicant.
Entrer en Monologues intérieurs avec le monde
Authors: Bélanger Jennifer 
Published: May 2021

La crise sanitaire liée à la COVID-19, et le confinement qui en découle, a sommé les artistes de la scène de se réinventer, de faire preuve de créativité et de résilience, avec ce que ces mots induisent de pression pour contourner les impacts majeurs agissant sur le quotidien de leur pratique. Il·elles devaient faire volte-face, souvent sans le soutien nécessaire et dans l’urgence de saisir ce présent trouble. En passant par une réflexion sur ce qui persiste de vivant dans les arts lorsque les corps en présence sont cachés derrière leur écran, ce parcours critique retrace mon expérience de spectatrice des Monologues intérieurs, une initiative créée par Éric Noël en plein coeur de la crise et appuyée par le Centre des auteurs dramatiques du Québec (CEAD). Je propose une traversée sensible qui résonne avec le dehors et qui questionne l’irruption du réel dans les performances, les limites et les possibles de la réception altérée par la distance, les privilèges qui nous permettaient d’assister aux directs deux soirs par semaine. Ces lectures, où les textes déclamés étaient réinterprétés sous le prisme de la vie actuelle, nous conviaient à d’« autres modes d’attention » (Despret, 2019) et à d’autres manières de partager l’ici et le maintenant propres aux arts vivants.
Comparative Study of Different Oral Iron Preparations in Females of Reproductive Age Group
Authors: Tiwari Megha , Dubey Vishal , Srivastava Nikita 
Published: May 2021

Background: Anemia (anemia) is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen. The commonness of iron inadequacy is high in all age bunch females. Around 32.4% of ladies have mellow iron deficiency, 14.19% ladies have direct sickliness, 2.2% have serious weakness.
Objective: The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy and safety profile of oral iron formulations in iron deficiency anemia.
Methods: A cross sectional study in patients with anemia receiving oral ferric ammonium citrate, folic acid, vitamin B12and iron hydroxide respectively was included. The patients were followed up once in 0 day, end of week, 1 month, for 3 months and observed for hematological improvement and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Total 350 anemic patient were included in the study.
Results: The data analyzed in 185 patients received ferric ammonium citrate, folic acid, 165 received, iron hydroxide,folic acid, vitamin B12 have significantly improved mean hemoglobin and anemia indices at the end of study, however, there was no significant differences between the groups when compared. “All four formulations showed similar ADR profile, there was no significant difference in adverse reactions.’’
Conclusion: Ferric ammonium citrate can be considered as best cost-effective choice for treatment of irons deficiency anemia.
Integrating Engineering, Automation, and Intelligence to Catalyze the Biomedical Translation of Organoids
Authors: Ma Shaohua , Zhao Haoran , Galan Edgar A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOrganoid technology has developed at an impressive speed during the past decade. Still, organoids are not widely used in practical applications as expected. It is believed that this translation can be greatly accelerated with the integration of engineering and artificial intelligence into current research practices. It is proposed that this approach is the missing link to realize key milestones in organoid technology, namely, high‐throughput, homogeneous, and standardized production, automated manipulation, and intelligent monitoring, evaluation, and control via integrated on‐chip instrumentation and artificial intelligence. It is suggested that organoids‐on‐a‐chip are the ideal platform to achieve these feats. Once these techniques are established and adopted by the scientific community, the rapid translation of organoids may be seen from laboratories to the clinics and pharmaceutical industry.
NIR Laser‐Triggered Microneedle‐Based Liquid Band‐Aid for Wound Care
Authors: Sun Yun , Liu Jingling , Wang Hongyu , Li Shanshan , Pan Xueting , Xu Bolong , Yang Hailong , Wu Qingyuan , Li Wenxuan , Su Xin , Huang Zhijun , Guo Xindong , Liu Huiyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicroneedles (MNs) have attracted widespread scientific and industrial interest in the past decade as an efficient, painless, low‐cost, and relatively safe transdermal drug delivery device. However, their drawbacks such as insufficient dose accuracy and limited penetration depth may limit the clinical applications. Here, a light‐controlled liquid band‐aid based on MNs is developed for antibacterial applications. Metal–organic framework‐derived peroxidase‐like nanozyme loaded in MNs can not only convert light energy into heat to enhance drug permeation but also decompose hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals for antibacteria. The heat generated by the nanozyme can facilitate MNs to melt and form a liquid band‐aid, which is beneficial to insulate the wound from the surrounding bacterial environment. These studies in a Staphylococcus aureus‐infected mice model also prove that this laser‐triggered liquid band‐aid can efficiently reduce skin inflammation and promote wound healing. Together, these results demonstrate that the rational design of MNs can enhance antibacterial and wound healing efficiency.
Interaction Promotes the Formation and Photothermal Conversion of Carbon Dots/Polydopamine Composite for Solar‐Driven Water Evaporation
Authors: Chang Qing , Guo Zeyu , Shen Zhuohao , Li Ning , Xue Chaorui , Zhang Huinian , Hao Caihong , Yang Jinlong , Hu Shengliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCarbon dots modified with polydopamine (CDs/PDA), a low‐cost and environmentally friendly photothermal material, is prepared in this work. The results show that the polymerization of dopamine is significantly accelerated due to the interaction between CDs and dopamine. Importantly, the interaction also greatly promotes nonradiative recombination of photoexcited charge carriers, thereby enhancing the photothermal conversion performance of CDs/PDA. The obtained CDs/PDA composite shows superior photothermal evaporation efficiency in comparison with CDs and PDA owing to the enhanced light absorption, porous structure, and appropriate interaction. In addition, CDs/PDA exhibits excellent stability. These merits enable CDs/PDA show great promise in solar‐energy‐related applications.