bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional outcomes following pelvic exenteration: results from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Makker Preet G. S. , Koh Cherry E. , Solomon Michael J. , Ratcliffe James , Steffens Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimPostoperative functional outcomes following pelvic exenteration surgery for treatment of advanced or recurrent pelvic malignancies are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the short‐term functional outcomes following pelvic exenteration surgery using objective measures of physical function.MethodPatients undergoing pelvic exenteration surgery between January 2017 and May 2020 were recruited at a single quaternary referral hospital in Sydney, Australia. The primary measures were the 6‐min walk test (6MWT) and the five times sit to stand (5STS) test. Data were collected at baseline (preoperatively), 10 days postoperatively and at discharge from hospital, and were analysed according to tumour type, extent of exenteration, sacrectomy, length of hospital stay, major nerve resection and postoperative complications.ResultsThe cohort of patients that participated in functional assessments consisted of 135 patients, with a median age of 61 years. Pelvic exenteration patients had a reduced 6MWT distance preoperatively compared to the general population (P < 0.001). Following surgery, we observed a further decrease in 6MWT distance (P < 0.001) and an increase in time to complete 5STS (P < 0.001) at postoperative day 10 compared to baseline, with a slight improvement at discharge. There were no differences in 6MWT and 5STS outcomes between patients based on comparisons of surgical and oncological factors.ConclusionPelvic exenteration patients are functionally impaired in the preoperative period compared to the general population. Surgery causes a further reduction in physical function in the short term; however, functional outcomes are not impacted by tumour type, extent of exenteration, sacrectomy or nerve resection.
Classic polymorphous adenocarcinoma: Fine needle aspiration cytopathology of eight cases
Authors: Wakely Paul E , Lott‐Limbach Abberly A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe cytopathology and diagnostic accuracy of salivary gland (SG) polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the subject of a limited number of reports. We undertook a review of our experience with fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy and PAC.Materials and methodsA search was made of our cytopathology files for PAC cases that also had histopathological confirmation. FNA biopsy smears and cell‐blocks were performed and examined using standard techniques.ResultsEight FNA biopsy cases of histologically proven PAC from 7 patients [F:M = 1.3:1, age 39‐75 years, mean = 58] met study inclusion. Metastatic aspirates were most common (4), followed by 3 primary cases and 1 locally recurrent neoplasm. Primary FNA sites included hard palate (1 case), lip (1), and lateral tongue (1); all metastatic sites were in the neck. A precise cytologic diagnosis was made in 38% of cases; however, when applying the Milan classification system, 100% could be categorised as either malignant or of uncertain malignant potential. Ancillary immunohistochemical testing performed in 44% of the cases was non‐specific. Cytologic smears showed cellular uniformity and structural variety of cell groups with tubular, branching, cribriform, and convex patterns as well as variable, but occasionally abundant globular myxoid stroma leading to confusion with adenoid cystic carcinoma.ConclusionThe imitative cytopathology of PAC with other SG neoplasms as well as its infrequency in routine FNA biopsy practice makes specific interpretation difficult, but using a classification system allows for appropriate patient management. Molecular testing in future specimens holds promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy.
Consensus clinical management guideline for beta‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration
Authors: Wilson Jenny L , Gregory Allison , Kurian Manju A , Bushlin Ittai , Mochel Fanny , Emrick Lisa , Adang Laura ,   BPAN Guideline Contributing Author Group, Hogarth Penelope , Hayflick Susan J 
Published: August 2021

This review provides recommendations for the evaluation and management of individuals with beta‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration (BPAN). BPAN is one of several neurodegenerative disorders with brain iron accumulation along with pantothenate kinase‐associated neurodegeneration, PLA2G6‐associated neurodegeneration, mitochondrial membrane protein‐associated neurodegeneration, fatty acid hydroxylase‐associated neurodegeneration, and COASY protein‐associated neurodegeneration. BPAN typically presents with global developmental delay and epilepsy in childhood, which is followed by the onset of dystonia and parkinsonism in mid‐adolescence or adulthood. BPAN is an X‐linked dominant disorder caused by pathogenic variants in WDR45, resulting in a broad clinical phenotype and imaging spectrum. This review, informed by an evaluation of the literature and expert opinion, discusses the clinical phenotype and progression of the disease, imaging findings, epilepsy features, and genetics, and proposes an approach to the initial evaluation and management of disease manifestations across the life span in individuals with BPAN.
What this paper adds

The complex epilepsy profile of beta‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) often resolves in adolescence.

The treatment for an individual with BPAN is supportive, with attention to sleep disorders, complex epilepsy, and behavioral problems.

Individuals with BPAN have shifting needs throughout their life span requiring multidisciplinary care.
The hype of social capital in the finance‐growth nexus
Authors: Raheem Ibrahim D. , Ajide Kazeem B. , Vo Xuan V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe trilogy among economic growth, social capital (SC), and financial development is examined based on three hypotheses: first, SC is important in the finance‐growth nexus. Second, there is a threshold effect of SC in the finance‐growth nexus. Third, the SC‐finance‐growth trilogy depends on the countries' income level. Building data set for 70 countries, some interesting results were obtained: (i) the marginal effects of both SC and finance promote economic growth at higher levels; (ii) there is evidence of a threshold effect of SC, as finance enhances more growth when SC is below the threshold level; (iii) higher‐income countries tend not to benefit from the SC‐finance‐growth trilogy. These results suggest that the influence of SC on growth trajectory is exaggerated in the literature. The study recommends that policymakers should pursue other sources of economic growth aside SC, while ensuring that the level of SC does not deteriorate.
First report of Liogenys suturalis (Blanchard) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) in Argentinian crops and the first report of damage on soybean
Authors: Cherman Mariana Alejandra , Mojica Noelia , Fava Fernando Daniel , Del Valle Eleodoro Eduardo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLiogenys Guérin‐Méneville is one of the most species rich genera in the Scarabaeidae family endemic to South America. Some species of this genus are important root‐feeding pests of maize, soybean, wheat and oat in their larval stage. Prior to the present study, all known reports of damage caused by any Liogenys species were from Brazil. Since 2006 in Argentina white grubs of the genus Liogenys (not previsouly identified to species level) have been recorded causing a decrease in soybean yields. This research confirms that the Argentinian species is L. suturalis (Blanchard), an important pest already recorded in Brazil but associated with yield losses of maize crops instead of soybean. Taxonomical and biological data observed in Argentinian populations are presented. This is the first record of L. suturalis damaging soybean and its first report in Argentinian crops.
Two new records of jumping plant lice (Hemiptera: Triozidae) from Syria
Authors: Zeity Mahran , Burckhardt Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDuring regular inspections of plants in the Latakia Governorate, Syria, two psyllid species previously unknown from Syria were discovered. These are Phylloplecta trisignata (Löw) from Rubus sp. and Trioza brevigenae Mathur from Ficus microcarpa. Both are new records for Syria. For T. brevigenae this is also only the second record of this species in the EPPO region, the previous one being a new record in Cyprus in 2020.
Associations among elements in freshwater mussel shells (Unionidae) and their relation to morphology and life history
Authors: Hopper Garrett W. , Dickinson Gabriella K. , Atkinson Carla L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBiogeochemical ecology of organisms typically focuses on C, N, and P despitec. 25 elements needed for organismal function. Embracing novel suites of elements in biomass is a first step in linking elements to organismal and ecological functions, improving our ability to predict how species interact with their environment. This research area has been fruitful for terrestrial plant ecologists, yet few studies have considered animal ecology within a framework encompassing elements beyond C, N, and P.Freshwater mussels (Unionidae) are highly endangered filter‐feeding bivalves that can be important to ecosystem function. Interspecific trait variation influences soft tissue elemental composition that has been linked to ecosystem biogeochemical cycling using traditional C:N:P stoichiometric approaches. However, whether interspecific trait variation influences shell elemental composition is not well studied, especially for elements other than C, N, and P.We quantified B, C, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, P, and Zn and constructed isometric log‐ratios (nutrient balances) for shells of seven species comprising diverse morphologies and two life history strategies to test whether shell elemental composition is influenced by these biological traits. Additionally, we evaluated whether the growth rate hypothesis applies to shell P concentration and elements associated with P in nutrient balances.Bulk and trace elemental composition varied taxonomically and with biological traits. Nutrient balances for [C | P] and [C, Ca | P] were influenced by life history strategy. Shell P composition was negatively related to growth rates. Coincidentally, [C | P] and [C, Ca | P] were greater in the species with the highest growth rate (Lampsilis ornata), suggesting greater concentrations of C and Ca relative to P in shells of faster growing mussels. We hypothesise this observed pattern results from greater P allocation to soft tissue in fast growing mussels compared to slow growing mussels studied previously, but explicit tests of this hypothesis in a strict stoichiometric framework are needed.Overall, we demonstrate how quantifying elements beyond C, N, and P, may be useful in uncovering elemental diversity associated with trade‐offs in elemental allocation among biological traits. Whether such elemental diversity correlates to evolutionary history or contributes to the biogeochemical template of freshwater habitats remains to be seen but should be explored.
Windthrows promote higher diversity of saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera: Passalidae) in a Central Amazon forest
Authors: Alencar Janderson Batista Rodrigues , da Fonseca Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos , Marra Daniel Magnabosco , Baccaro Fabrício Beggiato 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Natural disturbances change environmental conditions that play an important role in controlling biodiversity. Large‐scale windthrows (i.e. snapped and uprooted trees) promoted by convective systems cause severe tree mortality and can alter the dynamics of several insect taxons in forests.
We assessed the effect of large‐scale windthrows resulting from a squall line event in January 2005 on strictly saproxylic beetle assemblages in Central Amazonia. Using a paired sampling design comparing windthrown and old‐growth forest, we investigated the responses of different metrics of Passalidae diversity (richness, abundance and composition).
We found a higher richness and abundance of species in windthrown areas compared with old‐growth forest, and a correlation between species composition and the tree mortality gradient.
Differences in the richness and composition of the Passalidae assemblage between disturbed and old‐growth forest suggest that the tree mortality gradient created by windthrows promotes the diversity of saproxylic beetles in Central Amazonia.
Concerns and psychological well‐being of healthcare workers during theCOVID‐19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital in New South Wales
Authors: Naqvi Syeda Shaher Bano , Davis Joshua , Pickles Robert W. , Loewenthal Mark R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn early 2020, the impending COVID‐19 pandemic placed a once‐in‐a‐generation professional and personal challenge on healthcare workers. Publications on direct physical disease abound. The authors wanted to focus on doctors' psychological well‐being.AimsTo assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on doctors' well‐being and evaluate their concerns as the pandemic progressed.MethodsA mixed‐methods, hospital‐based survey was sent to doctors at the 650‐bed tertiary referral hospital in NSW at two different periods (late‐March and early May 2020). A validated mental well‐being tool (Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well‐being Scale (SWEMWBS)) was combined with COVID‐19‐specific questions.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐five responses were obtained from 450 doctors, with a response rate of 32% in the first survey and 20% in the second. The majority (35%) of respondents were doctors‐in‐training, followed by staff‐specialists (23%). The highest response was from frontline workers in both surveys, including the intensive care unit (27%), anaesthesia (21%) and emergency department (13%). ‘Extreme concern’ regarding personal protective equipment (PPE) shortage dropped from 22.6% to 2.2% and ‘extreme concern’ of contracting COVID‐19 fell from 22.6% to 3.4% in the second survey. The proportion of respondents with a ‘low’ psychological well‐being score improved from 38% to 27% between the two surveys. The resulting mean improvement in the SWEMWBS was 3.49 (95% confidence interval = 3.06–3.91,P < 0.001).ConclusionBoth COVID‐19 specific concerns and psychological well‐being improved greatly in the second survey. Possible explanations are the fall in COVID‐19 cases in the district, improvements in PPE supply and supportive measures communicated to doctors during this period.
Exploration of the views and experiences of research healthcare professionals during their redeployment to clinical roles during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Veerapen Jessry D. , McKeown Eamonn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore the views and experiences of research healthcare professionals towards their redeployment to frontline clinical roles during the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundHealthcare professionals working in research were redeployed during the COVID‐19 pandemic to support the delivery of clinical services across the National Health Service. They are experienced clinicians with research knowledge and skills, and specific working patterns. It is important to understand how these professionals were used and supported during their transition to clinical roles during the pandemic.MethodBetween July and September 2020, 15 research healthcare professionals were recruited into this qualitative study. Each participant completed a single semi‐structured interview lasting approximately 30–60 min, conducted remotely using a teleconferencing platform. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data analysed by the process of inductive thematic analysis with the assistance of NVivo 12.06 (Nov, 2019).FindingsFour main themes were identified from analysis of the transcripts: (a) initial personal response to the pandemic (subthemes: of anxieties due to unknown disease impact and concern for others); (b) mobilization for clinical redeployment (subthemes: motivations for voluntary redeployment, the professional challenges, personal fears and the organization and preparedness for redeployment); (c) adaptive deployment to clinical roles (subthemes: adapting to new roles and responsibilities, challenges faced and coping mechanisms), (d) reflections and learnings (subthemes: reintegration to original roles and sense of achievement).ConclusionResearch healthcare professionals are highly adaptable professionals equipped with core transferable skills. With the appropriate support, re‐familiarization and induction they are a valuable resource during the pandemic response.Implications to practice

Research healthcare professionals are experienced practitioners with transferrable skills and strong sense of duty and resilience.

Induction programmes to promote recalibration to clinical settings would improve their adaptability, foster confidence and emotional well‐being.

Careful consideration is required prior to mass redeployment to ensure research continuity in both COVID‐19 and other health conditions.
Can video games change attitudes towards history? Results from a laboratory experiment measuring short‐ and long‐term effects
Authors: Kolek Lukáš , Šisler Vít , Martinková Patrícia , Brom Cyril 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study investigates a video game's effects on implicit and explicit attitudes towards depicted historical events in the short‐ and long‐term on a sample of 148 young adults. We used, as an intervention tool, a serious game Czechoslovakia 38–89: Borderlands that deals with the expulsion of the Sudeten Germans from the former Czechoslovakia after the WWII. Results showed more negative pretest‐posttest explicit attitude changes towards the expulsion on a general level (d = −0.34) and a specific level (d = −0.53) compared to the control group. Over the long‐term, group differences in attitude change remained significant for the specific level (d = −0.44), but not for general one (d = −0.16). Exploratory analysis on the item level indicated that especially attitudes towards the expulsion's (un)fairness were affected by the game. However, no significant changes were found in implicit attitudes in the experimental group. This study is the first of such scale to empirically investigate video games' effects on a society's historical awareness.
MRTF‐A regulates myoblast commitment to differentiation by targeting PAX7 during muscle regeneration
Authors: Song Ruhui , Zhao Shengnan , Xu Yue , Hu Jian , Ke Shuangao , Li Fan , Tian Gaohui , Zheng Xiao , Li Jiajun , Gu Lixing , Xu Yao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMyocardin‐related transcription factor‐A/serum response factor (MRTF‐A/SRF), a well‐known transcriptional programme, has been proposed to play crucial roles in skeletal muscle development and function. However, whether MRTF‐A participates in muscle regeneration and the molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we show that MRTF‐A levels are highly correlated with myogenic genes using a RNA‐seq assay, which reveal that MRTF‐A knockdown in C2C12 cells significantly reduces PAX7 expression. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo data show that MRTF‐A and PAX7 present identical expression patterns during myoblast differentiation and CTX‐induced muscle injury and repair. Remarkably, MRTF‐A overexpression promotes myoblast proliferation, while inhibiting cell differentiation and the expression of MyoD and MyoG. MRTF‐A loss of function produces the opposite effect. Moreover, mice with lentivirus (MRTF‐A) injection possesses more PAX7+ satellite cells, but less differentiating MyoD+ and MyoG+ cells, leading subsequently to diminished muscle regeneration. Our mechanistic results reveal that MRTF‐A contributes to PAX7‐mediated myoblast self‐renewal, proliferation, and differentiation by binding to its distal CArG box. Overall, we propose that MRTF‐A functions as a novel PAX7 regulator upon myoblast commitment to differentiation, which could provide pathways for dictating muscle stem cell fate and open new avenues to explore stem cell‐based therapy for muscle degenerative diseases.
Visual essentialism & social kinds
Authors: Tullmann Katie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractScholars increasingly deny that they are strictly biological. Instead, these scholars argue that they are socially constructed. One challenge is to square the notion of social kinds with the apparent perception of those categories. I argue that we do not perceive social categories such as race. Instead, racial categories are visually encoded based on visible markers that are proxies for social kinds. Thus, I argue that the assumption of seeing social categories commits us to a flawed theory of visual essentialism: the idea that some social kinds are visible properties that are biologically determined.
Electrical impedance tomography to measure lung ventilation distribution in healthy horses and horses with left‐sided cardiac volume overload
Authors: Sacks Muriel , Byrne David P. , Herteman Nicolas , Secombe Cristy , Adler Andy , Hosgood Giselle , Raisis Anthea L. , Mosing Martina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeft‐sided cardiac volume overload (LCVO) can cause fluid accumulation in lung tissue changing the distribution of ventilation, which can be evaluated by electrical impedance tomography (EIT).ObjectivesTo describe and compare EIT variables in horses with naturally occurring compensated and decompensated LCVO and compare them to a healthy cohort.AnimalsFourteen adult horses, including university teaching horses and clinical cases (healthy: 8; LCVO: 4 compensated, 2 decompensated).MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, EIT was used in standing, unsedated horses and analyzed for conventional variables, ventilated right (VAR) and left (VAL) lung area, linear‐plane distribution variables (avg‐max VΔZLine, VΔZLine), global peak flows, inhomogeneity factor, and estimated tidal volume. Horses with decompensated LCVO were assessed before and after administration of furosemide. Variables for healthy and LCVO‐affected horses were compared using a Mann‐Whitney test or unpairedt‐test and observations from compensated and decompensated horses are reported.ResultsCompared to the healthy horses, the LCVO cohort had significantly less VAL(mean difference 3.02; 95% confidence interval .77‐5.2;P = .02), more VAR(−1.13; −2.18 to −.08;P = .04), smaller avg‐max VΔZLLine(2.54; 1.07‐4.00;P = .003) and VΔZLLine(median difference 5.40; 1.71‐9.09;P = .01). Observation of EIT alterations were reflected by clinical signs in horses with decompensated LCVO and after administration of furosemide.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceEIT measurements of ventilation distribution showed less ventilation in the left lung of horses with LCVO and might be useful as an objective assessment of the ventilation effects of cardiogenic pulmonary disease in horses.
No fact of the matter
Authors: Baumann Marius 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTheodore Sider has argued that while there are some philosophical debates about which there is no fact of the matter, debates in normative ethics are likely not among them. This essay investigates a possible counterexample: the debate about so‐called dirty hands. The essay first surveys several cases where No‐Fact‐of‐the‐Matter (NFM) claims have been made. Taking its cue from these cases, it then outlines two strategies that factualists about some domain can take, as well as two non‐factualist counter strategies. Next, it shows how an NFM claim can be defended for the debate about dirty hands. Finally, it argues that this NFM claim is at least as, if not more, plausible for normative ethics as it is for the other instances where NFM claims have been made.