bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 20 million-year Great Ediacaran Glaciation witnessed the rise of the earliest animals
Authors: Wang Ruimin , Shen Bing , Lang Xianguo , Wen Bin , Ma Haoran , Yin Zongjun , Peng Yongbo , LIU Yonggang , Zhou Chuanming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Occurrence of Ediacara biota soon after the Gaskiers glaciation at ~ 580 Ma (million years ago) implies a possible glacial fuse of animal evolution1,2. To test this hypothesis, it is essential to resolve the spatial-temporal distributions of these Ediacaran glacial deposits. Here, we report the presence of globally synchronous ~ 570 − 560 Ma Shuram excursion, the largest negative carbonate carbon isotope excursion in Earth history3,4, stratigraphically below the Ediacaran Hankalchough glacial deposits in the Tarim Block, confirming a post-560 Ma glaciation. Considering the wholesale rotation of the solid Earth (crust and mantle) via an inertial interchange true polar wander process from ca. 590 − 580 to 560 Ma5–8, we observe that mapped Ediacaran glacial deposits were distributed on nearly all continents but were restricted roughly to mid-to-high latitudes. Thus, we propose a unique mid-to-high-latitude-dominated ‘Great Ediacaran Glaciation’ (GEG), lasting for more than 20 million years. The GEG bracketed the evolutionary window of Ediacara biota, implying an icehouse background for the rise of animals.
Climate Change as a Precursor to the Food Security; Empirical Evidence Over Punjab Regions, Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Sohail , Kousar Shazia , Khan Mahr Sahibzad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Climate change is bringing drastic changes to the food availability, accesses ability, quality, and stability of the food system in the World. This study investigates the impacts of climate change as a precursor on food security over Punjab regions, Pakistan, from 1979–2020. The bound test cointegration approach is applied with auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) to investigate the linear impact of climate variables on food production. This study found that Wheat cultivated area, total irrigated area, total un-irrigated area, and total area sown has a positive and significant impact on food production in all regions of Punjab Pakistan. However, while average, the maximum and minimum temperature is negatively and significantly associated with food production in all regions of Punjab except northern Punjab, where maximum temperature affects positively food production Punjab. Rainfall positively affects food production in central and western Punjab while negatively affecting food production in northern and southern Punjab. Furthermore, wind speed negatively affects food production in all regions of Punjab except northern Punjab.
Design and Analysis of CNTFET based VLSI Interconnects by Using PVT Variation
Authors: Dadoria Ajay Kumar , Garg Narendra Kumar , Kushwah Vivek Singh , Pattanaik Manisha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
With the quick progress in the area of digital electronics results in miniaturization of semiconductor Industries. In Deep Sub Micron regime, because of leakage current, power consumption is turn out to be a major issue; hence constant efforts are being made by the researchers for investigating the various ways to minimize this. There are various methods available for the same and out of several available methods use of Carbon Nano-tube technology is a promising way to design low power circuits efficiently. Here new techniques are introduced for the reduction of leakage power. Here in this work, comparison of the main performance parameters of Copper on chip nano-interconnect with CNTFET has been done. We have measured the impact of ION and IOFF current by applying Process variation in CU and CNT- Interconnects with the variation of Tubes at 32nm technology and analysed the performance of the digital circuits with scaling of technology. The different kind of simulation outcomes indicates that by applying 10% of deviation from normal value in different device characteristics parameters such as Length of Gate (LTube) of the Tube, Width (WTube) of the Tube, Threshold Voltage (Vth) of the Tube, Thickness (tot) of Tube and Source & Drain Doping concentration with Cu and CNTFET interconnects for NFET and PFET with the variation of tubes from 1 to 16. All the experimental outcomes are achieved by using HSPICE simulator using SPICE model of CU and CNT at27oC temperature by using 32nm Berkley Predictive Technology module.
Biofilm of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Minimize Phagocytosis and Cytokine Expression by Macrophage Cell Line
Authors: Rathore Sudarshan Singh , Cheepurupalli Lalitha , Gangwar Jaya , Raman Thiagarajan , Ramakrishnan jayapradha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Infectious bacteria in biofilm mode is involved in many persistent infections. Owing to its importance in clinical settings, many in vitro and in vivo studies are being conducted to study the structural and functional properties of biofilms, their drug resistant mechanism and survival mechanism of planktonic and biofilm cells. In this regard, there is not sufficient information on the interaction between Klebsiella biofilm and macrophages. In this study, we have made an attempt to unravel the interaction between Klebsiella biofilm and macrophages in terms of phagocytic response and cytokine expression. In vitro phagocytosis assays was performed for heat inactivated and live biofilms of K. pneumoniae, together with the expression analysis of TLR2, iNOS, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-β1, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12, IL-4, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10. A phagocytic rate of an average of 15% was observed against both heat inactivated and live biofilms, when LPS+IFN-γ activated macrophages were used. This was significantly higher than non-activated macrophages when tested against heat inactivated and live biofilms (average 8%). Heat-inactivated and live biofilms induced similar phagocytic response and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes in macrophages, indirectly conveying that macrophage response is to some extent dependent on the biofilm matrix.
The Clinical Features and Prognosis Analysis of Pregnant Women with Tuberculosis After in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer and Natural Fertilization
Authors: Huang Wei , Li Tao , Yang yang , Liu Ping , Liu Jinghua , Dong Linyun , Xi Xiuhong , Liu Xuhui , Xia Lu , Lu Shuihua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of women with tuberculosis after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and natural pregnancy.Design/Methods: Ninety-five pregnant women with tuberculosis admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center between February 2013 and July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into 24 cases of IVF-ET with tuberculosis and 71 cases of natural pregnancy group with tuberculosis. Baseline demographic, medical history were collected. We used descriptive statistics to describe demographic, clinical features and prognosis of pregnant women with tuberculosis using Pearson chi-squared, Fisher’s exact tests, or Kruskal-Wallis.Results: The incidence of fever, hematogenous disseminated pulmonary, drug-induced liver injury and fetal adverse outcomes in IVF-ET group were higher than those in natural pregnancy group (p<0.05). The lymphocyte count, hemoglobin level, albumin level and the number of CD4+T lymphocyte、CD8+ T lymphocyte in IVF-ET group were significantly lower than that in natural pregnancy group (p<0.05).Conclusions: Pregnant women with tuberculosis after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer have broader lung lesions, more prominent symptoms of systemic poisoning, larger proportion of severe tuberculosis, more prone to anti-tuberculosis drugs induced liver injury and higher proportion of spontaneous abortion and inevitable abortion, which calls for enough attentions.
Plasmon-Modulated Excitation-Dependent Fluorescence and Antimicrobial Activities of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Prepared with Eugenia unifloraL. extracts
Authors: Franzolin Marcia Regina , Courrol Daniella dos Santos , Gonçalves Karina de oliveira , Courrol Lilia Coronato 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Green synthesis using plant extract is a sustainable method to obtain silver and gold nanoparticles (Ag and AuNPs) and was employed in this work. The Eugenia uniflora L. fruits and leaves extracts were used in nanoparticles synthesis. The photoreduction process with a xenon lamp and pH control improved optical properties and nanoparticles stability. The UV-vis, TEM, FTIR, and Zeta potential of the prepared solutions were obtained. The fluorescence spectra of Ag and AuNPs were investigated at different excitation wavelengths, which showed two kinds of fluorescence peaks. The shorter wavelength peaks red-shift with the increasing excitation wavelength, which results from the electron interband transitions, and the longer fixed wavelength peaks due to the local field enhancement. Finally, the antimicrobial tests were performed with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. The best results were obtained with EuAgNPs prepared with fruits extract, photoreduction, and pH 7.0 (with a mean of 95.12% ± 10.29% of inhibition).
Recognizing Online Digital Signatures Using Kernel Based Classification Techniques
Authors: Chakravarthi Ravi , C Anna Palagan , Dharamshi Ravindra Ratilal , Dhas Anand J , Taware Shrikant , Appathurai Ahilan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In recent education system, project submission is crucial for college students to complete their respective studies. The understudies needed to propose their undertaking before finishing the pre-last year. One of the critical assessment forms like course Project Registration System (PRS) helps the students and their education board to enhance the knowledge and skill level required for competitive world.PRS is the efficient methods to authenticate the proposal utilizing the online digital signature recognition criteria. During project submission, authentication is important to prevent the unauthorized submission of proposal and contrast the signature utilizing classification techniques such as Kernel Based Artificial Neural Network (K-ANN), Kernel Based K-Nearest Neighbor (K-KNN), Kernel Based Self Organizing Map (K-SOM) and Kernel based Support Vector Machine (K-SVM). The prime objectives of this research work was to recognize the genuine online digital signatures from the assortment of genuine, skilled, unskilled and random types of forged signatures by using the dynamic features like pen pressure, altitude, velocity, azimuth and duration taken by the legitimate person for signing using the proposed K-SVM classification techniques. The data collection based on online digital signature with various students and the proposed classification techniques gives better performance and accuracy compared with other techniques.
Impact of Bisphenol-A on the Spliceosome and Meiosis of Sperm in the Testis of Adolescent Mice
Authors: Wang Yongjie , Wu Yanyan , Zhang Shilei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBisphenol-A (BPA) has estrogenic activity and adversely affects humans and animals' reproductive systems and functions. There has been a disagreement with the safety of BPA exposure at Tolerable daily intake (TDI) (0.05 mg/kg/d) value and non-observed adverse effect level (5 mg/kg/d). The current study investigated the effects of BPA exposure at various doses starting from Tolerable daily intake (0.05 mg/kg/d) to the lowest observed adverse effect level (50 mg/kg/d) on the testis development in male mice offspring. The BPA exposure lasted for 63 days from pregnancy day 0 of the dams to post-natal day (PND) 45 of the offspring. ResultsThe results showed that BPA exposure significantly increased testis (BPA ≥20mg/kg/d) and serum (BPA ≥10mg/kg/d) BPA contents of PND 45 mice. The spermatogenic cells became loose, and the lumen of seminiferous tubules enlarged when BPA exposure at 0.05 mg/kg/d TDI. BPA exposure at a low dose (0.05 mg/kg/d) significantly reduced the expression of Scp3 proteins and elevated sperm abnormality. The significant decrease in Scp3 suggested that BPA inhibits the transformation of spermatogonia into spermatozoa in the testis. The RNA-seq proved that the spliceosome was significantly inhibited in the testes of mice exposed to BPA. According to the RT-qPCR, BPA exposure significantly reduced the expression of Snrpc (BPA ≥20 mg/kg/d) and Hnrnpu (BPA ≥0.5 mg/kg/d). ConclusionsThis study indicated that long-term BPA exposure at Tolerable daily intake (0.05 mg/kg/d) is not safe because low-dose long-term exposure to BPA inhibits spermatogonial meiosis in mice testis impairs reproductive function in male offspring.
Quantifying Collective Identity Online From Self-defining Hashtags
Authors: Barron Alexander T. J. , Bollen Johan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Mass communication over social media can drive rapid changes in our sense of collective identity. Hashtags in particular have acted as powerful social coordinators[1], playing a key role in organizing social movements like the Gezi park protests, Occupy Wall Street, #metoo, and #blacklivesmatter[2, 3, 4]. Here we quantify collective identity from the use of hashtags as self-labels in over 85,000 actively-maintained Twitter user profiles spanning 2017-2019. Collective identities emerge from a graph model of individuals’ overlapping self-labels, producing a hierarchy of graph clusters. Each cluster is bound together and characterized semantically by specific hashtags key to its formation. We define and apply two information-theoretic measures to quantify the strength of identities in the hierarchy. First we measure collective identity coherence to determine how integrated any identity is from local to global scales. Second, we consider the conspicuousness of any identity given its vocabulary versus the global identity map. Our work reveals a rich landscape of online identity emerging from the hierarchical alignment of uncoordinated self-labeling actions.
Heterogeneity Impacts of Natural and Socioeconomic Factors and Their Interactions On PM2.5 in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Authors: Xia Siyou , Liu Xiaojie , Liu Qing , Zhou Yannan , Yang Yu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Haze has reached epidemic levels in many cities of China in recent years. Only limited studies have explored the impacts of driving factors and their interactions on the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PM2.5. This paper investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of PM2.5 pollution through spatial analytical methods based on retrievals of satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) between 2000 and 2017. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) and geodetector models were applied to assess the directions and strength of association between natural and socioeconomic conditions and PM2.5 pollution. The results indicate that the annual concentration range of PM2.5 in the YREB was 23.49–37.37 μg/m3 with an initial increasing and later declining trend. The PM2.5 pollution displays a diagonal spatial distribution pattern of high in northeast and low in southwest and a noticeable spatial convergence. The spatial variability of PM2.5 pollution was enlarged and its main fractal dimension was in the northeast–southwest direction. There were clear spatiotemporal variations in the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on PM2.5 pollution. Interactive factors included bi-factor and nonlinear enhancements. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact mechanisms of PM2.5 pollution and the geographical factors in forming persistent and highly polluted areas and imply that more specific coping strategies need to be targeted in various areas toward successful particulate pollution prevention and control.
Population Structure Analysis Revealed Water or Ancient Hub-induced Genetic Diversity of Cultivated-type Tea Plants in Guizhou Plateau
Authors: Zhao Zhifei , Song Qinfei , Bai Dingchen , Niu Suzhen , He Yingqin , Qiao Dahe , Chen Zhengwu , Li Caiyun , Luo Jing , Li Fang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Tea plants originated from the southwest of China. Guizhou is one of the origin center of tea plants, which is rich in tea plant germplasm resources. However, the distribution characteristics and transmission model of tea plant were still unclear.
Results

We collected 253 cultivated-type tea plant accessions from Guizhou plateau and analyzed the genetic diversity, PCA, phylogenetic, population structure, LD, and development of core collection using the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach. A total of 112,072 high-quality SNPs were identified, which was further used to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure. In this study, we found that the genetic diversity in cultivated-type tea accessions of PR Basin were significantly higher than that in cultivated-type tea accessions of YR Basin. Moreover, four groups, including three pure groups (CG-1, CG-2 and CG-3) and one admixture group (CG-4), were identified based on population structure analysis, which was verified by PAC and phylogenetic analysis. Our results showed that the highest GD and Fst values were found in CG-2 vs CG-3, followed by CG-1 vs CG-2 and CG-1 vs CG-3. The lowest GD and Fst values were detected in CG-4 vs CG-1, CG-4 vs CG-2, and CG-4 vs CG-3.
Conclusions

This study provided the evidence to confirm the contribution of PR and YR Basins and ancient hub road section to the transmission of cultivated-type tea accessions in Guizhou plateau. The genetic diversity, population structure and core collection revealed by our study will benefit further genetic studies, germplasm protection, and breeding.
Lung Function, Allergic Sensitization and Asthma in School-Aged Children After Viral-Coinfection Bronchiolitis
Authors: Ruiz Sara , Calvo Cristina , Pozo Francisco , Casas Inmaculada , García-García María Luz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND. Our main objective was to compare the lung function, the rate of allergic sensitization and the prevalence of asthma at 7-9 years in children hospitalized for bronchiolitis with viral coinfection versus single viral infection.METHODS. Observational study in children with previous bronchiolitis and current age 7-9 years. Clinical data were collected. Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) determination, spirometry and skin prick test for common aeroallergens were performed.RESULTS. A total of 181 children hospitalized for bronchiolitis (40 coinfections and 141 single infections), with median age of 8.3 years (IQR:7.5-9.1) were included. Single-HRV-infections showed lower basal FEV1(%) than coinfections (p=0.04) and lower z-score FEV1 than single-RSV-infections(p=0.04) or coinfections(p=0.02). Also, single-HRV-infections had lower post-bronchodilator FEV1(%) and z-score FEV1 values than coinfections (p=0.03 and p=0.03). Single-HRV-bronchiolitis was an independent risk factor for FEV1<80%(p=0.007). FeNO value >25 ppb was detected in 21(12.5%) cases, without differences between viral groups(p=0.768). The prevalence of allergic sensitization was similar in coinfections (31.4%) versus single infections (38.7%), (p=0.428). The highest frequency of allergic rhinitis was observed in single-HRV patients(p=0.004).The respiratory morbidity at 7-9 years of coinfected patients was similar to the single-HRV ones. In contrast, the likelihood of current asthma was up to 5 times higher in RSV/HRV coinfections than in the single-RSV-infections ones (p=0.012).CONCLUSIONS. The respiratory morbidity at 7-9 years of age after severe bronchiolitis is significantly higher in single-HRV or viral coinfection patients that in single-RSV ones. Single-HRV-bronchiolitis is independently associated with lower lung function at school-age.
Plant-Mediated Biological Synthesis of Ag-Ago-Ag2O Nanocomposites Using Leaf Extracts of Solanum Elaeagnifolium for Antioxidant, Anticancer, and DNA Cleavage Activities
Authors: Barwant Mukul , Ugale Yogesh , Ghotekar Suresh , Basnet Parita , Nguyen Van-Huy , Pansambal Shreyas , Murthy H C Ananda , Pham Thanh-Dong , Bilal Muhammad , Oza Rajeshwari , Karande Vanita 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The biogenic nanocomposite synthesis using a plant extract is rapid, simple, efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. This study investigated selective pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, and DNA cleavage activities of Solanum elaeagnifolium-mediated green synthesizing Ag-AgO-Ag2O nanocomposite. To the best of our knowledge, Solanum elaeagnifolium has been the first time used to synthesize Ag-AgO-Ag2O nanocomposites. The synthesized nanocomposites were explored by using UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and photoluminescence analyses. Anticancer activity of Ag-AgO-Ag2O nanocomposites was tested on lung cancer cell lines (A-549) and showed activity at the IC50 of 67.09 μg/mL. The maximum ABTS and DPPH scavenging activity were 25.78% and 20.86% at 100 µg/L, respectively. Moreover, Solanum elaeagnifolium-mediated green synthesized Ag-AgO-Ag2O nanocomposites also exhibited considerable DNA cleavage activity. These results assured that the synthesized Ag-AgO-Ag2O nanocomposites using Solanum elaeagnifolium leaves extract may have potential applications in biomedical engineering.
Identification of a Novel Lipid Metabolic-Related Gene Signature with the Tumor Immune Microenvironment for Breast Cancer
Authors: Chang Xu , Zhong Wen , Xing Peng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Systemic factors can strongly affect how tumor cells behave, grow, and communicate with other cells as increasingly in breast cancer. Lipid metabolic reprogramming is one systemic way tumor cells undergo, however, the formation and dynamics of lipid associated with tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) still remain elusive. The sophisticated bidirectional crosstalk of tumor cells with cancer metabolism, gene expression, and TIME could have the potential to identify novel biomarkers for diagnosing, prognostic, and immunotherapy. This study aimed to construct a prognostic signature to detect the bi-crosstalk between lipid metabolic system and the TIME of breast cancer. Methods: R software was selected to detect the expression of LRGs and perform the GO/KEGG analysis. Considering the clinical information and pathological features, a predictive nomogram was constructed to predict the survival probability and LASSO Cox regression analysis was performed to construct a prognostic gene signature. The TMB, MSI as well as immune infiltration analysis were performed, in addition, consensus cluster analysis of LRGs were also performed. Results: These 16 lipid metabolic-related genes (LRGs) were mainly involved in the process of lipid metabolism and fatty acid binding in breast cancer by functional enrichment analysis. Prognosis analysis identified the prognostic value of FABP7 and NDUFAB1 in breast cancer patients. The prognostic gene signature constructed with FABP7 and NDUFAB1 was significantly related to immune infiltration and could predict the overall survival (OS) rate with above average correctness of breast cancer patients. The analysis of immune infiltration, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) were significantly correlated with FABP7 and NDUFAB1. Consensus clusters analysis identified the up mRNAs were mostly related to the oncogenesis process while the down were associated with immune-related signaling pathways. Conclusion: We performed a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the lipid metabolic system and identified a signature constructed by two prognostic genes for immunotherapies in breast cancer. Our results also revealed evidence of the vulnerabilities in the bidirectional interplay between the lipid metabolic system and the TIME which may contribute to deciphering the heterogeneity of the TIME in breast cancer.