bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Characteristics of Dysphagia in Multiple System Atrophy Compared to Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Vogel Annemarie , Claus Inga , Ahring Sigrid , Gruber Doreen , Haghikia Aiden , Frank Ulrike , Dziewas Rainer , Ebersbach Georg , Gandor Florin , Warnecke Tobias 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundDysphagia is a major clinical concern in multiple system atrophy (MSA). A detailed evaluation of its major endoscopic features compared with Parkinson's disease (PD) is lacking.ObjectiveThis study systematically assessed dysphagia in MSA compared with PD and correlated subjective dysphagia to objective endoscopic findings.MethodsFifty‐seven patients with MSA (median, 64 [interquartile range (IQR): 59–71] years; 35 women) underwent flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing using a specific MSA–flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing task protocol. Findings were compared with an age‐matched cohort of 57 patients with PD (median, 67 [interquartile range: 60–73] years; 28 women). In a subcohort, subjective dysphagia was assessed using the Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire and correlated to endoscopy findings.ResultsPatients with MSA predominantly showed symptoms suggestive of oral‐phase disturbance (premature spillage, 75.4%, piecemeal deglutition, 75.4%). Pharyngeal‐phase symptoms occurred less often (pharyngeal residues, 50.9%; penetration/aspiration, 28.1%). In contrast, pharyngeal symptoms were the most common finding in PD (pharyngeal residues, 47.4%). Oral symptoms occurred less frequently in PD (premature spillage, 15.8%, P < 0.001; piecemeal deglutition, 1.8%, P < 0.01). Patients with MSA had a greater risk for oral‐phase disturbances with increased disease severity (P < 0.05; odds ratio, 3.15). Patients with MSA showed a significantly higher intraindividual interswallow variability compared with PD. When correlating Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire scores with endoscopy results, its cutoff, validated for PD, was not sensitive enough to identify patients with MSA with dysphagia. We developed a subscore for identifying dysphagia in MSA and calculated a new cutoff (sensitivity 85%, specificity 100%).ConclusionsIn contrast with patients with PD, patients with dysphagic MSA more frequently present with oral‐phase symptoms and a significantly higher intraindividual interswallow variability. A novel Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire MSA subscore may be a valuable tool to identify patients with MSA with early oropharyngeal dysphagia. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Joint inversion of seismic and electrical data in saturated porous media
Authors: Garofalo Flora , Socco Laura Valentina , Foti Sebastiano 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTJoint inversion strategies and physical constraints on model parameters may be used to mitigate equivalence problems caused by solution non‐uniqueness. This strategy is quite a common practice in exploration geophysics, where dedicated rock physical studies are usually carried out, while it is not so frequent in near surface geophysics. We use porosity as a constraint among seismic wave velocities and electrical resistivity in a deterministic joint inversion algorithm for surface wave dispersion, P‐wave traveltimes and apparent resistivity from vertical electrical sounding. These data are often available for near surface characterization. We show that the physical constraint among model parameters leads to internally consistent geophysical models in which solution non‐uniqueness is mitigated. Moreover, an estimate of soil porosity is obtained as a relevant side product of the procedure. In particular, we consider a clean sand deposit and hence the appropriate formulations for the computation of porosity from seismic velocities and resistivity are implemented in the algorithm. We first demonstrate how the non‐uniqueness of the solution is reduced in a synthetic case and then we applied the algorithm to a real‐case study. The algorithm is here developed for one‐dimensional condition and for granular soils to better investigate the physical constraint only, but it can be extended to the two‐dimensional or three‐dimensional case as well as to other materials with the adoption of proper rock physical relationships.
Poor diet quality and adverse eating behaviors in young survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Fleming Catharine A.K. , Murphy‐Alford Alexia J. , Cohen Jennifer , Fleming Michael R. , Wakefield Claire E. , Naumann Fiona 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term impact of childhood cancer treatment on dietary intake is likely to be complex, and the length of time dietary behaviors are affected after childhood cancer treatment is unknown.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the diet quality in childhood cancer survivors recently off treatment and explore possible contributing factors that may affect diet quality in this population.MethodsParticipants were 65 parents and/or carers of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) (aged 2‐18 years), recently off treatment, and 81 age‐matched controls. Participants completed two self‐administered dietary intake and eating behavior questionnaires. Study data were explored to determine between group differences, bivariate analysis using Spearman correlations was used to determine the relationship between diet quality and identified variables, and hierarchical cluster analysis was completed to characterize specific variables into clusters.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐six parents of children aged 2‐18 years completed the study (65 parents of CCS and 81 control). CCS had a significantly poorer diet quality score than the age‐matched controls (32.25 vs 34.83, P = 0.028). CCS had significantly higher parent‐reported rates of “picky eating” behavior than the control group (2.31 vs 1.91; P = 0.044). Factors such as picky eating, emotional overeating, and body mass index z‐score might drive diet quality in survivors.ConclusionsCCS were found to have poorer diet quality and more likely to have parents report picky eating behaviors. The outcomes highlighted the need for a tailored intervention aimed at improving healthy eating behaviors in CCS after treatment for cancer.
A review on carboxylic acid cross‐linked polyvinyl alcohol: Properties and applications
Authors: Gautam Leela , Warkar Sudhir G. , Ahmad Syed Ishraque , Kant Ravi , Jain Manish 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymer and has been used extensively in various fields. Indeed, important features of PVA such as its film‐forming ability, high tensile strength and flexibility, high viscosity, solvent tolerance ability, thermostable nature have made it vital and drawn the attention of scientific community. However, being a water‐soluble polymer, some chemical modifications are required to alter this property of PVA. Cross‐linking is the most attractive and widely used method to change the properties of PVA to make it more valuable material. Different carboxylic acids have already been used for PVA cross‐linking in various applications such as pervaporation, reverse osmosis (RO), wound dressing, drug delivery, and fuel cells. However, a comprehensive study on structure–property correlation of carboxylic acids as PVA cross‐linker is not available. In this review, different available studies on carboxylic acid cross‐linked PVA are summarized and are used to develop structure–property correlations of carboxylic acids as cross‐linker on the properties of cross‐linked PVA. Advantages and limitations of different carboxylic acids as PVA cross‐linker are also summarized for various fields such as tissue engineering, wound dressing, drug delivery, fuel cell/solid polymer electrolyte, pervaporation, desalination and RO solid polymer electrolytes, and food packaging.
Wheelchair hockey improves quality of life in people with neuromuscular disease
Authors: Carraro Elena , Casiraghi Jacopo L. , Bobba Beatrice , Lizio Andrea , Cardella Carolina , Albamonte Emilio , Lunetta Christian , Pozzi Susanna , Sansone Valeria A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundParticipation in sports is known to have positive effects on people's health and psychosocial well‐being. Recently, physical activity implications for people with disabilities have been explored, showing promising results on quality of life and self‐concept. However, few studies have specifically investigated the effects of participation in adaptive sports on quality of life in patients with neuromuscular disease.ObjectiveTo evaluate differences in psychosocial well‐being between people affected by a neuromuscular disease who play wheelchair hockey and those who do not. Individuals playing an adaptive sport would report better quality of life, higher physical self‐efficacy scores, and more effective coping strategies, as assessed by self‐reported measures.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingData were collected during clinical follow‐ups at the NEMO Clinical Center in Milan (Italy).ParticipantsA total of 25 patients affected by neuromuscular diseases, ages 18 to 40 years, participated in the study.InterventionsNot applicable.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was to compare quality of life between groups. Secondary outcomes were the comparisons of physical self‐efficacy and coping strategies through self‐reported measures.ResultsWheelchair hockey players scored significantly higher on the Quality of Life Index (specifically on the health/functioning and psychological/spiritual sub‐scales) and reported better physical self‐efficacy and perceived physical ability compared to the control group (i.e., patients who do not participate in any adaptive sport), controlling for age and pathology. On the contrary, no difference was found in coping strategies between the two groups.ConclusionsThis study identified a significant association between participation in wheelchair hockey and improved physical and psychological well‐being of people affected by neuromuscular diseases compared to those who are not involved in adaptive sports.
Centering race/ethnicity: Differences in traumatic brain injury inpatient rehabilitation outcomes
Authors: Warren Karlita L. , García James J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPersons of color have a higher incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and experience disparities in the quality and quantity of interventions received, discharge disposition, functional outcomes, and mortality rate post TBI.ObjectiveTo examine racial/ethnic differences in rehabilitation outcomes for patients with TBI.DesignMultiyear (2005‐2016) and retrospective cohort using secondary data analysis from inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) across the United States.SettingeRehabData participating IRFs throughout the United States.PatientsForty‐one thousand eight hundred forty‐seven adults with a diagnosis of TBI, admitted to U.S. eRehabData participating IRFs.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresInpatient rehabilitation functional outcomes and discharge disposition.ResultsParticipants were 41,847 non‐Hispanic Whites (NHWs), Hispanics, non‐Hispanic Asians (NHAs), and non‐Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) aged 18‐107 years. NHWs were used as the reference group. NHBs had the longest length of stay (17.65 ± 14.96). At admission, NHB, Hispanic, and NHA races/ethnicities were significantly associated with 1‐3 point lower motor, cognitive, and total Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores. NHB race was significantly associated with less than 1‐point lower cognitive, motor, and total efficiency FIM scores. At discharge, NHB race was significantly associated with 1‐2 point lower motor, cognitive, and total FIM scores; Hispanics and NHA race were associated with less than 1‐point lower cognitive FIM scores. Compared to NHWs, Hispanic ethnicity was associated with greater odds of a discharge to home (odds ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval = 1.06‐1.27).ConclusionContrary to established literature on functionality differences 1 year post TBI, the current study found racial/ethnic differences in functional outcomes during inpatient rehabilitation. These findings suggest a need for cultural competence/sensitivity in the care of racial/ethnic persons and centering potential contributing factors for racial/ethnic differences in TBI rehabilitation outcomes.
The essential oil ofSchinus terebinthifoliusand its nanoemulsion and isolated monoterpenes: investigation of their activity againstCulex pipienswith insights into the adverse effects on non‐target organisms
Authors: Nenaah Gomah E , Almadiy Abdulrhman A , Al‐Assiuty Basma A , Mahnashi Mater H 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe house mosquito,Culex pipiensL. is a harmful species, widespread in urban areas, and considered the primary enzootic vector of West Nile arbovirus. Widespread insecticide resistance in mosquito populations and the environmental risks and toxicity hazards of chemical pesticides make insecticides an inadequate mosquito control strategy. Seeking ecofriendly tools for mosquito control tools has become necessary.RESULTSEssential oil (EO) was hydrodistilled from the fruits of Brazilian pepper,Schinus terebinthifoliusRaddi and analyzed using gas chromatography–flame ionization detection and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. An oil‐in‐water nanoemulsion (particle size 41.3 nm) was developed and characterized from EO using a green low‐energy approach. EO, its nanoemulsion and monoterpenes showed mosquitocidal, repellent and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities againstCx. pipiens. A nanoemulsion concentration of 30 μl L–1caused 100% larval mortality after 24 h of exposure, whereas EO,d‐limonene andα‐phellandrene at 60 μl L–1caused 100%, 92.4% and 88.2% larval mortality, respectively. The concentration that killed 50% of organisms (LC50) for larvae after 24 h ranged between 6.8 and 40.6 μl L–1. Upon fumigation, 15.0 μl L–1of nanoemulsion killed 94.5% of adults after 24 h of exposure. LC50values against adults ranged between 5.3 and 31.2 μl L–1. EO products exhibited repellence activity at concentrations between 0.5 and 4.0 μl cm–2. Test materials effectively inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity of mosquito and were safe toward the non‐target organismsGambusia affinisandEisenia fetida.CONCLUSIONThere is a potential for usingS. terebinthifoliusEO, its nanoemulsion and monoterpenes as ecofriendly natural mosquitocides.
Two‐fluid single‐column modelling of Rayleigh–Bénard convection as a step towards multi‐fluid modelling of atmospheric convection
Authors: Shipley Daniel , Weller Hilary , Clark Peter A. , McIntyre William A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMulti‐fluid models have recently been proposed as an approach to improving the representation of convection in weather and climate models. This is an attractive framework as it is fundamentally dynamical, removing some of the assumptions of mass‐flux convection schemes which are invalid at current model resolutions. However, it is still not understood how best to close the multi‐fluid equations for atmospheric convection. In this paper we develop a simple two‐fluid, single‐column model with one rising and one falling fluid. No further modelling of sub‐filter variability is included. We then apply this model to Rayleigh–Bénard convection, showing that, with minimal closures, the correct scaling of the heat flux () is predicted over six orders of magnitude of buoyancy forcing (). This suggests that even a very simple two‐fluid model can accurately capture the dominant coherent overturning structures of convection.
Reinforcing the effect of microsurgery practice during robotic suturing skill acquisition
Authors: Yang Miao , Peng Jianping , Wang Xinghuan , Lei Hong , Li Xinyi , Yang Kun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to examine the effectiveness of microsurgery practice during an interval in robotic surgical training.MethodsTwo participant groups with 30 trainees each practiced Thread the Rings 1 on a dV‐Trainer. There were four 2‐h training sessions, with a 72‐h interval between each session. Group A received no additional training during the study period. During every interval, Group B practiced a similar 2‐h ring penetration exercise using a microscope three times (once every 24 h).ResultsThe 72‐h delay between two sessions for Group A caused the forgetting effect. For Group B, additional microscope‐based training aided memory retention. After the training session, Group B presented a significantly higher score than Group A in Thread the Ring 1 learning curves.ConclusionsAdding microsurgical skill training into the basic robotic‐surgery training curriculum could be helpful because additional trainings with a binocular microscope could improve robotic surgical skill levels.
Partial nephrectomy through retroperitoneal approach with a new surgical robot system, KD‐SR‐01
Authors: Wang Jie , Fan Shubo , Shen Cheng , Yang Kunlin , Li Zhihua , Xiong Shengwei , Meng Chang , Zhang Cuijian , Cai Lin , Zhang Zhongyuan , Yu Wei , Dai Xiaofei , Cui Liang , Zhang Zheng , Li Xuesong , Zhou Liqun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo present our experiences with partial nephrectomy (PN) through retroperitoneal approach (RP) with the Kangduo robotic system.MethodsFrom December 2020 to February 2021, the perioperative data of 11 patients underwent PN through RP with the Kangduo robotic system were collected prospectively.ResultsFor the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score, 72.7% of patients had a low score (4–6) and 27.3% of patients had a medium score (7–9). Seven tumours were posterior (P), four tumours were on the midline (X). All procedures were completed successfully. The median warm ischemia time was 18.5 (IQR, 13.7–21.0) min. None of the patients had positive surgical margins at definitive histology (all pT1a). No high‐grade perioperative complications or device‐related adverse events occurred. At a mean follow‐up of 8 ± 0.8 months, no complications occurred in all patients.ConclusionsRPPN using the novel Kangduo robotic system is a safe and effective option for managing posterior and lateral renal tumours with R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scores ≤9.
Compaction for two models of logarithmic‐depth trees: Analysis and experiments
Authors: Bodini Olivier , Genitrini Antoine , Gittenberger Bernhard , Larcher Isabella , Naima Mehdi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe are interested in the quantitative analysis of the compaction ratio for two classical families of trees: recursive trees and plane binary increasing trees. These families are typical representatives of tree models with a small depth. Once a tree of sizenis compacted by keeping only one occurrence of all fringe subtrees appearing in the tree the resulting graph contains onlynodes. This result must be compared to classical results of compaction in the families of simply generated trees, where the analogous result states that the compacted structure is of size of order. The result about the plane binary increasing trees has already been proved, but we propose a new and generic approach to get the result. Finally, an experimental study is presented, based on a prototype implementation of compacted binary search trees that are modeled by plane binary increasing trees.
Spatial resolution, spectral metrics and biomass are key aspects in estimating plant species richness from spectral diversity in species‐rich grasslands
Authors: Rossi Christian , Kneubühler Mathias , Schütz Martin , Schaepman Michael E. , Haller Rudolf M. , Risch Anita C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that remotely sensed spectral diversity is linked to plant species richness. However, a conflicting spectral diversity–biodiversity relationship in grasslands has been found in previous studies. In particular, it remains unclear how well the spectral diversity–biodiversity relationship holds in naturally assembled species‐rich grasslands. To address the linkage between spectral diversity and plant species richness in a species‐rich alpine grassland ecosystem, we investigated (i) the trade‐off between spectral and spatial resolution in remote sensing data; (ii) the suitability of three different spectral metrics to describe spectral diversity (coefficient of variation, convex hull volume and spectral species richness) and (iii) the importance of confounding effects of live plant biomass, dead plant biomass and plant life forms on the spectral diversity–biodiversity relationship. We addressed these questions using remote sensing data collected with consumer‐grade cameras with four spectral bands and 10 cm spatial resolution on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), airborne imaging spectrometer data (AVIRIS‐NG) with 372 bands and 2.5 m spatial resolution, and a fused data product of both datasets. Our findings suggest that a fused dataset can cope with the requirement of both high spatial‐ and spectral resolution to remotely measure biodiversity. However, in contrast to several previous studies, we found a negative correlation between plant species richness and spectral metrics based on the spectral information content (i.e. spectral complexity). The spectral diversity calculated based on the spectral complexity was sensitive to live and dead plant biomass. Overall, our results suggest that remote sensing of plant species diversity requires a high spatial resolution, the use of classification‐based spectral metrics, such as spectral species richness, and awareness of confounding factors (e.g. plant biomass), which may be ecosystem specific.
Evaluation of Mehlich‐3 for determination of cation exchange capacity in Kansas soils
Authors: Rutter Edmond Bryan , Ruiz Diaz Dorivar , Hargrave Lynn M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoil testing laboratories across the United States have implemented the Mehlich‐3 (M3) extraction method for phosphorus (P) and other nutrients. Though M3 is known to work well as a multinutrient extractant, it raises concerns for measuring exchangeable cations, particularly in calcareous soils. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate M3 as an extractant for base cations for Kansas soils, (b) to identify a range of soil pH where M3 may be a suitable replacement for ammonium acetate (AA), and (c) to examine the relationship between cation exchange capacity (CEC) summation and CEC displacement. A study was conducted evaluating 308 soils collected from across Kansas and extracted using both the M3 and AA soil extraction methods. Cation exchange capacity was estimated using the summation approach from measurements of both the M3 and AA, and the displacement method. Results indicate a strong correlation among M3 and AA methods for K, Mg, and Na (R2 = .98, .96, .97, respectively). However, these relationships were considerably weaker for extractable Ca (R2 = .78), where extractable Ca was higher in the M3 extracts for high pH soils. Estimated CEC was also affected by soil pH for the M3 method, with an estimated critical pH value of 7.3. Extractable Ca and CEC for soils with a pH below 7.3 showed a strong correlation between M3 and AA methods (R2 = .9). Using M3 as a multinutrient extractant can improve turnaround time for sample analysis in soil testing laboratories. However, the use of the M3 procedure in soils with a pH of 7.3 or above will likely result in overestimation of exchangeable Ca and CEC.