bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coeliac disease enteropathy and symptoms may be aggravated by angiotensin receptor blockers in patients on a gluten‐free diet
Authors: O'Morain Neil , Shannon Eileen , McManus John , Warner Vanessa , Leeson Hilary , O'Donovan Helen , Egan Brian , Byrnes Valerie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAngiotensin receptor blocker‐associated enteropathy (ARB‐e) is an increasingly recognised clinical entity with symptoms and histological findings identical to coeliac disease (CD). There is evidence to suggest immune‐mediated mucosal injury in ARB‐e with a high prevalence of DQ2/DQ8; however, as IgA anti‐tissue transglutaminase (anti‐TTG) is usually negative, an insult other than TTG‐mediated injury is suspected. The impact of ARBs on disease activity in patients with CD is not known.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of ARB exposure on patients with established CD.MethodsA patient record search of 1142 individual patients attending a dedicated coeliac clinic from 2010 to the present identified 59 patients treated with ARB. Those with CD confirmed by serology (TTG + ve/EMA + ve) and histopathology (Marsh criteria) were included (n = 40, 0.52%). Data collected included disease duration, compliance with gluten‐free diet (GFD), reported symptoms (diarrhoea, weight loss and abdominal pain), surrogate markers of absorption (Vitamin D, Iron, Calcium and Haemoglobin), in addition to anti‐TTG titre and histological grade at last follow up. Patients were age and sex‐matched in a 1:2 ratio with CD patients not taking ARBs (controls), with comparable rates of disease duration and compliance with GFD.ResultsThe ARB and control groups were matched in terms of age (mean 66.2 years) and gender (female 63%). Strict compliance with GFD was reported in 55% and 56%, respectively. Persistent symptoms were reported in 10/40 (25%) of the ARB group compared with 7/82 (9%) of controls (p = 0.0181). There were lower rates of mucosal healing (Marsh grade 0) in the ARB group (36% n = 11) compared to controls (55%, n = 33). There was no significant difference in anti‐TTG titres. Surrogate markers of absorption were comparable across the groups, except for Vitamin D which was lower in those taking olmesartan (p = 0.0015).ConclusionsARBs may aggravate the enteropathy and lead to increased symptoms in patients with bone fide diagnosed CD following a GFD.
Public Debt
Authors: von Weizsäcker Carl Christian , Krämer Hagen M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMore than a third of private wealth in the OECD plus China region consists of entitlements to public retirement benefits. If the state covered these future obligations using a reserve fund, an insoluble problem of investment would arise. It is only by doing without reserve funds that the twenty-first century welfare state is compatible with price stability at non-negative real interest rates. In calculating government obligations according to the ADL method, statistical offices acknowledge the implicit public debt deriving from the retirement system. Systems of public health insurance and public nursing care insurance also generate considerable implicit public debt and corresponding private wealth. The TRILL system advocated by Robert Shiller can make an important contribution to stabilize the high public debt that will be necessary in the future at low real interest rates. We undertake an empirical estimation of the level of public debt in the OECD plus China region. To determine explicit public debt, we use data on net public debt from the International Monetary Fund. Implicit public debt is mainly comprised of the state’s capitalized financial obligations deriving from the public retirement system and public health insurance. Some statistical offices publish data on the retirement benefit entitlements that have accrued within social security systems. This data provides an important basis for our calculations. We estimate that total public debt in the OECD plus China region is equivalent to more than 600% of total annual consumption in the region.
Investment, Saving and Stagnation from a Keynesian Perspective
Authors: von Weizsäcker Carl Christian , Krämer Hagen M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt can also be shown from a Keynesian perspective that planned investment and saving are diverging in the twenty-first century and that there is a risk of sustained (secular) underemployment unless appropriate countermeasures are taken by the state. In this chapter, we look at the arguments that Keynesian authors have used, in both older and more recent writings, to demonstrate the possibility of secular stagnation and at the possibilities they considered for overcoming tendencies toward stagnation. We make clear that, despite general differences in the theoretical framework and some differences in detail, there are a number of parallels between the Keynesian view and the new capital-theoretical conception presented in this book. This applies both for the causes of the structural divergence between planned private saving and private investment and for its consequences.
Characteristics of Adaptable Control of Production Systems and the Role of Self-organization Towards Smart Manufacturing
Authors: Estrada-Jimenez Luis Alberto , Nikghadam-Hojjati Sanaz , Barata Jose 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSelf-adaptive control of production systems has attracted a lot of research during last years. Nevertheless, most of these approaches are still unable to tackle current manufacturing expectations, they are very particular for the case study, are in an initial stage of research or do not apply the concept of self-organization and their properties in its strong sense. Thus, leaving the systems without enough robustness, adaptability, or emergence that are highly desirable considering current market requirements. Therefore, the purpose of this work to identify some of the important characteristics that have been applied in past studies and that can be considered together as a baseline to build future manufacturing frameworks.
Minimum Eccentricity Shortest Path Problem with Respect to Structural Parameters
Authors: Kučera Martin , Suchý Ondřej 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Minimum Eccentricity Shortest Path Problem consists in finding a shortest path with minimum eccentricity in a given undirected graph. The problem is known to be NP-complete and W[2]-hard with respect to the desired eccentricity. We present fpt algorithms for the problem parameterized by the modular width, distance to cluster graph, the combination of distance to disjoint paths with the desired eccentricity, and maximum leaf number.
Porphyrien
Authors: Stölzel Ulrich , Stauch Thomas , Kubisch Ilja 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungPorphyrien werden durch Enzymdefekte der Hämbiosynthese hervorgerufen und anhand spezifischer biochemischer Muster von Porphyrinen und deren Vorläufern in Urin, Stuhl und Blut diagnostiziert. Das jeweilige Muster der akkumulierten Porphyrine, Vorläufer und Derivate ist verbunden mit der klinischen Ausprägung, die abdominale, neurologische, psychiatrische, endokrine, kardiovaskuläre Symptome, Leberschaden und/oder Lichtempfindlichkeit der Haut umfassen kann. Klinisch werden akute und nichtakute Porphyrien unterschieden. Bei symptomatischen (klinisch aktiven), akuten hepatischen Porphyrien – hierzu gehören akute intermittierende Porphyrie, Porphyria variegata, hereditäre Koproporphyrie und Doss-Porphyrie – kommt es aufgrund einer Regulationsstörung zur Kumulation der Porphyrinvorläufer 5‑Aminolävulinsäure und Porphobilinogen. Bei den nichtakuten Formen – u. a. Porphyria cutanea tarda, erythropoetische und X‑chromosomale Protoporphyrie sowie kongenitale erythropoetische Porphyrie – führen akkumulierte Porphyrine zu Lichtempfindlichkeit (Fotodermatose) und mitunter auch zu schweren Leberschäden. Zur Therapie der Porphyrien stehen sowohl bewährte und sichere als auch innovative Optionen zur Verfügung.
Schur–Weyl Duality for the Clifford Group with Applications: Property Testing, a Robust Hudson Theorem, and de Finetti Representations
Authors: Gross David , Nezami Sepehr , Walter Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSchur–Weyl duality is a ubiquitous tool in quantum information. At its heart is the statement that the space of operators that commute with the t-fold tensor powers $$U^{\otimes t}$$

U

⊗
t

of all unitaries $$U\in U(d)$$

U
∈
U
(
d
)

is spanned by the permutations of the t tensor factors. In this work, we describe a similar duality theory for tensor powers of Clifford unitaries. The Clifford group is a central object in many subfields of quantum information, most prominently in the theory of fault-tolerance. The duality theory has a simple and clean description in terms of finite geometries. We demonstrate its effectiveness in several applications:

We resolve an open problem in quantum property testing by showing that “stabilizerness” is efficiently testable: There is a protocol that, given access to six copies of an unknown state, can determine whether it is a stabilizer state, or whether it is far away from the set of stabilizer states. We give a related membership test for the Clifford group.

We find that tensor powers of stabilizer states have an increased symmetry group. Conversely, we provide corresponding de Finetti theorems, showing that the reductions of arbitrary states with this symmetry are well-approximated by mixtures of stabilizer tensor powers (in some cases, exponentially well).

We show that the distance of a pure state to the set of stabilizers can be lower-bounded in terms of the sum-negativity of its Wigner function. This gives a new quantitative meaning to the sum-negativity (and the related mana) – a measure relevant to fault-tolerant quantum computation. The result constitutes a robust generalization of the discrete Hudson theorem.

We show that complex projective designs of arbitrary order can be obtained from a finite number (independent of the number of qudits) of Clifford orbits. To prove this result, we give explicit formulas for arbitrary moments of random stabilizer states.
Delivering Essential Surgical Care for Lower‐limb Musculoskeletal disorders in the Low‐Resource Setting
Authors: James Deeptiman , Evans Faye M. , Rai Ekta , Roy Nobhojit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMismatched surgeon‐anesthesiologist ratios often exist in low‐resource settings making safe emergency essential surgical care challenging. This study is an audit of emergency essential procedures performed for lower‐limb (LL) musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) when an anesthesiologist was unavailable. It aims to identify strategies for safe anesthesia.MethodsA 5‐year retrospective audit of emergency essential LL orthopedic procedures performed at remote mission hospital in Central India was performed. Out of necessity, a regional anesthesia (RA) protocol was developed in collaboration with anesthesiologists familiar with the setting. The incidence of intraoperative surgical and perioperative anesthesia complications when RA was administered by a surgeon was evaluated.ResultsDuring this period, 766 emergency essential LL MSDs procedures were performed. An anesthesiologist was available for only 6/766. RA was administered by a surgeon for 283/766. This included spinal anesthesia (SA) for 267/283 patients, peripheral nerve blocks for 16/283. Local infiltration and/or sedation was administered to 477/766. There were 17 intraoperative surgical complications. Anesthesia‐related complications included 37/267 patients who required multiple attempts to localize subarachnoid space and SA failure in 9/267 patients all of whom had successful re‐administration. Additional sedation and infiltration of local anesthetic was required in 5/267 patients.ConclusionRemote pre‐anesthesia consultation for high‐risk patients, local surgeon‐anesthesiologist networking, protocol‐guided management, and dedicated short duration of training in anesthesia may be considered as an alternative for delivering RA for emergency essential surgery for LL MSDs due to unavailability of anesthesiologists.
Vascular Malformation of the Colorectum in Children: Case Series of 27 Patients
Authors: Peng Chunhui , Tan Sarah Siyin , Pang Wenbo , Wang Zengmeng , Wu Dongyang , Wang Kai , Chen Yajun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundVascular malformation of the colorectum is a rare disease that presents most commonly in early childhood. Some pull‐through procedures have been performed for its treatment. However, laparotomy was routinely required. The aim of this study was to present features of this disease, as well as the outcomes of transanal endorectal pull‐through (TEPT) with or without laparotomy.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on consecutive patients with vascular malformation of the colorectum who underwent TEPT with or without laparotomy in our hospital between January 2010 and December 2019. Follow‐up information included hematochezia, other bleeding and bowel function. Bowel function was assessed using the Rintala score.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients were included (14 boys and 13 girls). Hematochezia and anemia were the main chief complaints. Perianal vasodilatation and prolapse of rectal mucosa with spurting blood were detected in 13 (48.1%) and 9 (33.3%), respectively. Eighteen patients (66.7%) underwent TEPT with laparotomy, and 9 patients underwent TEPT without laparotomy (including 5 TEPT under laparoscopic supervision) for lesions located beyond the distal sigmoid colon. Compared to TEPT with laparotomy, the length of resected bowel and operative time was significantly shorter in TEPT without laparotomy (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004). There was no statistical difference for intraoperative blood loss. Other vascular malformations were detected in 9 patients (33.3%); 3 were detected by laparoscopy. Three patients (11.1%) experienced postoperative complications. Follow‐up was held with 24 patients (3 were lost to follow‐up). The mean follow‐up time was 51.9 ± 32.8 months. Four patients occasionally had bloody stools, without anemia. None had hematuria or vaginal bleeding. Median bowel function score was 20 (range 17–20).ConclusionHematochezia, anemia and hemorrhoid‐like manifestations might be an indication for vascular malformation of the colorectum in children. TEPT was effective for vascular malformation of the colorectum, and TEPT without laparotomy was more suitable for the short lesions.
Analytical solution for torsion of cylindrical orthotropic annular wedge-shaped bars reinforced by thin shells
Authors: Ecsedi István , Baksa Attila 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the Saint-Venant torsion of elastic, cylindrically orthotropic bar whose cross section is a sector of a circular ring shaped bar. The cylindrically orthotropic homogeneous elastic wedge-shaped bar strengthened by on its curved boundary surfaces by thin isotropic elastic shells. An analytical method is presented to obtain the Prandtl’s stress function, torsion function, torsional rigidity and shearing stresses. A numerical example illustrates the application of the developed analytical method.
Cyclo-oxygenase 2, a putative mediator of vessel remodeling, is expressed in the brain AVM vessels and associates with inflammation
Authors: Keränen Sara , Suutarinen Santeri , Mallick Rahul , Laakkonen Johanna P. , Guo Diana , Pawlikowska Ludmila , Jahromi Behnam Rezai , Rauramaa Tuomas , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo , Marchuk Doug , Krings Timo , Koivisto Timo , Lawton Michael , Radovanovic Ivan , Kim Helen , Faughnan Marie E. , Frösen Juhana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) may rupture causing disability or death. BAVM vessels are characterized by abnormally high flow that in general triggers expansive vessel remodeling mediated by cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX2), the target of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We investigated whether COX2 is expressed in bAVMs and whether it associates with inflammation and haemorrhage in these lesions.

Methods
Tissue was obtained from surgery of 139 bAVMs and 21 normal Circle of Willis samples. The samples were studied with immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Clinical data was collected from patient records.

Results
COX2 expression was found in 78% (109/139) of the bAVMs and localized to the vessels’ lumen or medial layer in 70% (95/135) of the bAVMs. Receptors for prostaglandin E2, a COX2-derived mediator of vascular remodeling, were found in the endothelial and smooth muscle cells and perivascular inflammatory cells of bAVMs. COX2 was expressed by infiltrating inflammatory cells and correlated with the extent of inflammation (r = .231, p = .007, Spearman rank correlation). COX2 expression did not associate with haemorrhage.

Conclusion
COX2 is induced in bAVMs, and possibly participates in the regulation of vessel wall remodelling and ongoing inflammation. Role of COX2 signalling in the pathobiology and clinical course of bAVMs merits further studies.
A multi-component, adaptive Working Memory Assessment Battery (WoMAB): validation and norms in an Italian population sample
Authors: Pasotti Fabrizio , De Luca Giulia , Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , Gramegna Chiara , Di Gangi Marco , Foderaro Giuseppe , Gallucci Marcello , Biglia Elena , Bottini Gabriella 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Working memory (WM) abilities are frequently impaired in neurological disorders affecting fronto-parietal cortical/sub-cortical structures. WM deficits negatively influence interventional outcomes and everyday functioning. This study thus aimed at the following: (a) developing and standardizing an ecologically valid task for WM assessment ( Ice Cream Test, ICT); (b) validating and norming a novel WM test (Digit Ordering Test, DOT), as well as providing updated norms for digit span (DS) tasks, in an Italian population sample; (c) introducing a novel scoring procedure for measuring WM.

Methods
One-hundred and sixty-eight Italian healthy participants—73 male, 95 females; age: 48.4 ± 19.1 (18–86); education: 12.1 ± 4.8 (4–21)—underwent a thorough WM assessment—DOT, ICT, and both forward and backward DS tasks (FDS, BDS). The ICT requires participants to act as waiters who have to keep track of customers’ orders. For each task, WM and total (T) outcomes were computed, i.e., the number of elements in the longest sequence and that of recalled sequences, respectively. Norms were derived via the equivalent score (ES) method.

Results
DS ratios (DSRs) were computed for both WM/S and T outcomes on raw DS measures (BDS divided by FDS). Age and education significantly predicted all WM tasks; sex affected FDS and DSR-T scores (males > females). WM measures were highly internally related.

Discussion
The present work provides Italian practitioners with a normatively updated, multi-component, adaptive battery for WM assessment (WoMAB) as well as with novel outcomes which capture different WM facets—WM capacity and attentive monitoring abilities.
Wound myiasis in Western Europe: prevalence and risk factors in a changing climate scenario
Authors: Andreatta Erika , Bonavina Luigi 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Background
Myiasis is an infestation of neglected open wounds by fly larvae. Global warming, related climate changes, and increased traveling in tropical countries may contribute to the worldwide diffusion of new fly species. Common risk factors for myiasis are advanced age, poor hygiene, malnourishment, social isolation, diabetes, cancer, and peripheral artery disease. The aim of this study was to review the characteristics of cases of myiasis reported in Europe.

Methods
A narrative review of cutaneous myiasis was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science database, and the search terms “human,” “myiasis,” “cutaneous myiasis,” “maggot,” “Europe,” “wound,” with the combination of “AND” and “OR.” In addition, hospital charts were reviewed to add personal experience to the literature review.

Results
Overall, 52 articles, both single case reports and case series reporting cutaneous myiasis, were found in the medical literature of the past two decades. A total of 64 patients living in Europe were identified, of whom 36% had wound myiasis. In addition to the literature review, we report the case of a male patient who presented with myiasis within a deep scalp ulcer occurring after radiotherapy for basal cell carcinoma.

Conclusion
Myasis is rare and possibly under-reported in Europe. The epidemiology of this infestation may be changing in the future due to climate variability, a rise in travel to tropical areas, and the migration of fly species.
Working relationship between primary and specialist care in analysing elevated liver values—a survey from the point of view of gastroenterologists
Authors: Wangler Julian , Claus Stefan , Jansky Michael 
Published: June 2021

SummaryElevated liver values are often an incidental finding in outpatient care. A solid working relationship between general practitioners and specialists plays as much of a role in effective diagnostics as do selection and examination of liver values and context as indicators for referral towards more in-depth diagnosis. This article focuses on the status quo as well as potential hurdles and challenges in the relationship between general practitioners and specialists with regard to analysing elevated liver values of uncertain origin. A total of 529 physicians in gastroenterological practices in the German states of Baden-Württemberg, Hesse and Thuringia were invited to take part in an online survey in 2020, of which 313 responded. This contribution focuses on those parts of the survey covering the relationship between general practitioners and specialists. According to the results, 72% of the surveyed gastroenterologists saw working relationships between general practitioners and specialists as beneficial and effective. Even so, a variety of challenges and difficulties in everyday care dominate. Specialists especially criticised preliminary analyses performed by general practitioners as well as time of referral. Apart from that, a wide majority (85%) saw a major role in a structured diagnostic algorithm towards improving early detection and coordination between primary and specialist care. The survey revealed problems in the relationship between general practitioners and specialists. Together with targeted training and further training programmes for general practitioners, a validated diagnostic algorithm for classifying and analysing elevated liver values may be a valuable tool for general practitioners to perform diagnostics and improve the structure within which they work with specialists.