bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coagulations Studies Do Not Correlate With Each Other or With Hematologic Complications During Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation*
Authors: Deshpande Shyam J. , Vitali Sally , Thiagarajan Ravi , Brediger Steven , McManus Michael , Geva Alon 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Anticoagulation plays a key role in the management of children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. However, the ideal strategy for monitoring anticoagulation remains unclear. Our objective was to evaluate the utility of laboratory measures of anticoagulation in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Quaternary care academic children’s hospital.

PATIENTS:
Children in a noncardiac PICU cannulated to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in 2010—2016.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Demographic data, laboratory values, and heparin doses were extracted from the enterprise data warehouse. Primary diagnoses, indications for cannulation, hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications, and survival outcomes were abstracted from the local registry used for Extracorporeal Life Support Organization reporting. Statistical models accounting for repeated measures using generalized estimating equations were constructed to evaluate correlations between heparin doses and laboratory values; among laboratory values; and between heparin dose or laboratory values and clinical outcomes. One hundred thirty-three unique patients—78 neonates and 55 older patients—were included in the study. There was no significant association between antifactor Xa level, activated partial thromboplastin time, activated clotting time, or heparin dose with hemorrhage or thrombosis (odds ratio ≅ 1 for all associations). There was weak-to-moderate correlation between antifactor Xa, activated partial thromboplastin time, and activated clotting time in both neonates and older pediatric patients (R
2 < 0.001 to 0.456). Heparin dose correlated poorly with laboratory measurements in both age groups (R
2 = 0.010–0.063).

CONCLUSIONS:
In children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, heparin dose correlates poorly with common laboratory measures of anticoagulation, and these laboratory measures correlate poorly with each other. Neither heparin dose nor laboratory measures correlate with hemorrhage or thrombosis. Further work is needed to identify better measures of anticoagulation in order to minimize morbidity and mortality associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Diffuse Tract Damage Correlates With Global Cognitive Impairment in Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy: A Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Study
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wang Dongdong , Wu Shiman , Ren Yan , Li Yajie , Zhang Junhai , Feng Xiaoyuan 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common familial arteriopathy characterized by recurrent lacunar stroke, migraine, and depression. The mechanism of cognitive dysfunction in CADASIL is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to use tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to map voxelwise the spatial distribution of brain microstructural change revealed by DTI-derived indices in patients with CADASIL to further study the underlying neuropsychopathological mechanism of CADASIL.

Method
Twelve patients with CADASIL and 11 age-, sex-matched healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. Then we evaluated DTI-derived indices (fractional anisotropy [FA], mode of anisotropy [MO], mean diffusivity [MD], axial diffusivity [AD] and radial diffusivity [RD]) of brain white matter (WM) between CADASIL patients and healthy subjects through TBSS.

Results
Compared with healthy controls, patients with CADASIL showed extensive decreased FA, MO and increased RD, AD, and MD throughout the entire brain (mainly the WM of the temporal poles, inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, corpus callosum, uncinate fasciculus, internal capsule, external capsule, corona radiata, thalamic radiation, and cingulum). Furthermore, these WM microstructural alterations were significantly correlated with cognitive scores and Scheltens scores. Decreased FA values and MO values were positively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in CADASIL patients. Increased AD, RD, and MD values were significantly negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores.

Conclusions
Widespread WM abnormalities were clearly shown in CADASIL by using TBSS. Severity of microstructural changes correlates significantly with extension of T2 hyperintensity. Moreover, WM microstructural damage and cognitive impairment were significantly correlated. This study indicated that WM tract damage plays an important role in cognitive impairment in CADASIL.
Importance of Thalamostriatal Pathway Associated With Neurocognitive Dysfunctions in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Findings
Authors: Cesme Dilek Hacer , Aydin Sinem , Alkan Alpay , Gultekin Mehmet Ali , Peker Abdusselim Adil , Toprak Mekiya Filiz , Iscan Akin 
Published: March 2021

Objective
To determine whether there is a difference between healthy control group and children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in terms of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values in different regions of the brain associated with neurocognitive functions and to investigate the correlation between diffusion tensor imaging parameters and neurocognitive dysfunctions.

Methods
The study included 28 children with NF1 and 21 controls. Nine distinct areas related to cognitive functions were selected for the analysis. The ADC and FA values were compared.

Results
There was a significant difference between NF1 and healthy control in terms of ADC values obtained from all areas. The ADC values at obtained from thalamus and striatum were positively correlated with the full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ), verbal IQ, and performance IQ.

Conclusions
We are speculated that the development of microstructural damage in the thalamostriatal pathway may lead to neurocognitive dysfunction.
Standing Waves on Computed Tomography Angiography in Multiple Vessels in a Young Trauma Patient
Authors: Rasheed Amer , White Sarah B. , Bhalla Manav 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Standing waves are a phenomenon of uncertain etiology seen on imaging. We present the first case demonstrating standing waves on computed tomography angiography in multiple vessels in a single patient with imaging evidence of resolution in some of the vessels. Our case further supports the literature that standing waves are a physiologic phenomenon, likely because of flow mechanics, rather than modality.
Utility of Radial Scanning for the Identification of Arterial Hypervascularity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Gadoxetic Acid–Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Narita Keigo , Nakamura Yuko , Higaki Toru , Nishihara Takashi , Harada Kuniaki , Takizawa Masahiro , Shirase Ryuji , Bito Yoshitaka , Akagi Motonori , Honda Yukiko , Iida Makoto , Awai Kazuo 
Published: March 2021

Objectives
This study aimed to compare the accuracy of assessing the arterial hypervascularity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on dynamic computed tomography (CT) scans and gadoxetic acid (EOB)–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans performed with radial sampling.

Methods
We studied the images of 40 patients with hypervascular HCC. A radiologist recorded the standard deviation of the attenuation (or the signal intensity [SI]) in subcutaneous fat tissue as the image noise (N) and calculated the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) as follows: (CNR) = (n-ROIT − n-ROIL)/N, where n-ROIT is the mean attenuation (or SI) of the tumor divided by the mean attenuation (or SI) of the aorta and n-ROIL is the mean attenuation (or SI) of the liver parenchyma divided by the mean attenuation (or SI) of the aorta.

Results
The CNR was significantly higher on EOB-enhanced MRI than on dynamic CT scans.

Conclusions
For the assessment of HCC vascularity, EOB-enhanced MRI scans acquired with radial sampling were more accurate than dynamic CT images.
Incidence of COVID-19 in 902 Patients With Immunomediated Inflammatory Diseases Treated With Biologics and Targeted Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs—Findings From the BIOCOVID Study
Authors: Muñoz-Fernández Santiago , Cebrian Laura , Thuissard Israel John , Steiner Martina , García-Yubero Cristina , Esteban Ana Victoria , Sánchez Fernando , Gómez Alejandro , Matías Maria Angeles , Cobo-Ibáñez Tatiana , Esteban Mar , Manceñido Noemí , Pajares Ramón , Arribas María Rosario , Martínez Alicia , Andreu Cristina , Esteban Concepción , Romero Liz , Navío Teresa 
Published: March 2021

Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients with immunomediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) treated with biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs and tsDMARDs) and to evaluate the influence of either IMIDs or related therapies on the incidence and evolution of COVID-19.

Methods
This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted from January 31, 2020, to May 15, 2020. Data of 902 patients were obtained from clinical records in hospitals, primary care units, and community pharmacies. Inclusion criteria were adults with IMIDs treated with bDMARDs or tsDMARDs who started therapy 3 months prior to study commencement. Patients with poor adherence to treatments were excluded. COVID-19 was classified as “definitive” (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction [PCR]–positive), “possible” (characteristic symptoms and negative PCR), and “suspected” (characteristic symptoms but PCR not performed).

Results
COVID-19 was diagnosed in 70 patients (11 definitive, 19 possible, and 40 suspected). The cumulative incidence of definitive COVID-19 was 1.2%. When considering all cases, the incidence was 7.8%. Patients on biosimilars tumor necrosis factor blockers were more likely to have a diagnosis of COVID-19 (odds ratio, 2.308; p < 0.001). Patients on anti–B-cell therapies had a lower incidence of infections (p = 0.046). Low rates of hospitalization (14.3%), pneumonia (14.3%), death (2.9%), or thrombosis (2.9%) were observed, and 94.3% of patients recovered.

Conclusions
The cumulative incidence of confirmed cases of COVID-19 was similar to the general population, with generally low hospitalization, intensive care management, and mortality rates. COVID-19 incidence was less frequent in patients with more severe immunosuppression.
Patient Characteristics Independently Associated With Knee Osteoarthritis Symptom Severity at Initial Orthopedic Consultation
Authors: Schwartzberg Harel G. , Roy Ryan , Wilson Kyle , Starring Hunter , Leonardi Claudia , Bronstone Amy , Dasa Vinod 
Published: March 2021

Background/Objective
The objective of this study was to identify patient and disease characteristics associated with the symptomatic severity of knee osteoarthritis (OA) at the time of initial knee OA diagnosis by an orthopedist.

Methods
This medical records review included patients initially diagnosed with knee OA during 2016 to 2017 by a single orthopedic surgeon in a university-based tertiary care setting. All variables were assessed at first OA diagnosis. Main outcomes were subscales of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score–Pain, other Symptoms, knee-related quality of life, and function in daily living. Multivariable regression analyses examined the following predictors of main outcomes: sex, race, age, insurance type, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index, and radiographic OA severity (Kellgren-Lawrence grade).

Results
Of the 559 patients included in the study, most were African American (52.1%), female (71.7%), and had severe radiographic OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grade, 4; 68.7%). Female sex, African American racial/ethnic group, Medicaid insurance, younger age, and severe radiographic OA were independently statistically significantly associated with worse symptoms, pain, and function (p < 0.05 for all). Body mass index and Charlson comorbidity index were not statistically significant predictors of any outcome.

Conclusions
This study identified disparities in the perception of knee OA problems at initial orthopedist diagnosis based on sex, age, race, insurance, and radiographic OA severity. Because most of these variables are also associated with more rapid progression of OA, identifying their biopsychosocial underpinnings may help determine which interventions are most likely to redress these disparities and delay progression to end-stage knee OA.
Persistent Nontumoral High-Amino-Acid Uptake on Brain [11C]Methionine PET/CT in a Patient After Combined Glioma Treatment
Authors: Skvortsova Tatiana Yu. , Savintceva Zhanna I. , Zhavoronkova Anastasia S. , Gurchin Alexander F. , Andropova Polina L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A 44-year-old man after combined left temporal low-grade glioma treatment presented with daily multiple series of seizures. MRI demonstrated diffuse cortical swelling in the left frontal lobe with intensive gyral enhancement. PET with [11C]methionine (PET-MET) revealed increased radiotracer uptake strictly confined to the cortical ribbon of the left cerebral hemisphere, which persisted for 3 months. Tumor recurrence was suggested, and biopsy was performed. No evidence of recurrent tumor was found. During a 2-year follow-up, a diffuse gyral enhancement in the left hemisphere has persisted on MRI; PET has shown high [11C]methionine uptake in the left frontal and parietal cortex with gradual positive dynamics.
Double Trigger Wrist Caused by 2 Flexor Tendon Sheath Giant Cell Tumors
Authors: Ghieh Fadi , Karami Reem , Atallah Georgio , Bakhach Joseph 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Trigger finger is a relatively common condition affecting the smooth gliding of tendons in the hand. When this entity affects the gliding motion of the wrist, it is termed as trigger wrist. In this article, we report the extremely rare case of a double trigger wrist caused by 2 tendon sheath tumors resulting in 2 trigger points in the motion of the wrist and carpal tunnel syndrome. The patient was managed with surgical excision of the tumors and release of the flexor retinaculum with resolution of symptoms.
ECT Utilization in the Treatment of Catatonic Patients in the United States
Authors: Trivedi Chintan , Manikkara Geetha , Zhang Mingxu , Mansuri Zeeshan , Jain Shailesh 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
Primary objective was to evaluate baseline characteristics for catatonic patients treated with and without electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We also studied the trends of ECT utilization in catatonia patients.

Methods
The Nationwide Inpatient Sample data were used to compare patients and hospital-level characteristics between catatonic patients treated with and without ECT in the United States. Multivariate and trend analysis were performed.

Results
Electroconvulsive therapy was performed in 8.3% in patients with the diagnosis of catatonia (n = 24,311; mean age, 43.1; 38% White; 52.1% male). Racially, more patients in the ECT group were White (47% vs 38%) and had a comorbid diagnosis of major depressive disorder. In the multivariate analysis, the odds of receiving ECT was more with increase in age (P = 0.007). Urban area hospitals had 3 times higher odds of receiving ECT (P = 0.001) compared with rural hospitals. The odds of receiving ECT for catatonia were the highest for large bed hospitals compared with small/medium size (P < 0.001). In the trend analysis, catatonia patients undergoing ECT decreased initially from 7.0% in 2002 to 2005 to 5.2% in 2006 to 2009. After that, there was an upward trend with 10.6% patients undergoing ECT in the quarter 2014 to 2017. There was an upward trend in ECT utilization for catatonic patients with comorbid bipolar disorders and psychotic disorders.

Conclusions
Electroconvulsive therapy is underutilized for catatonia treatment in the United States. White catatonic patients are most likely to get ECT at an urban large bed hospital. In recent years, there is an upward trend in the use of ECT. Additional controlled clinical trials are warranted.
Evidence for microbiome-dependent chilling tolerance in sorghum
Authors: Erlandson Sonya , Bheemanahalli Raju , Narayana Nisarga Kodadinne , Johnson Marina , Graham Christopher , Jagadish S. V. Krishna , Subramanian Senthil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEarly season chilling stress is a major constraint on sorghum production in temperate climates. Chilling-tolerant sorghum is an active area of development, but the potential for early season microbial-enhanced chilling tolerance in sorghum has not yet been explored. In this study, we characterized traits of field-grown sorghum accessions in response to chilling and non-chilling temperatures and the corresponding cohorts of phyllosphere fungal and bacterial taxa. Further, we characterized the effects of chilling temperatures and microbial inoculation on sorghum accession traits in a growth chamber experiment. By comparing sorghum trait responses under chilling stress with and without soil microbial inoculation, we were able to detect a potential microbe-dependent sorghum response to chilling stress. Four sorghum genotypes showed a negative response to chilling stress with vs. without microbial inoculation, while five sorghum accessions show increased shoot biomass or leaf area under chilling stress when inoculated with a soil microbiome. These differential responses provides opportunities to exploit beneficial microbial taxa for enhancing early-stage chilling tolerance in sorghum, with a potential to be extended to other crops.
Tetraspanin immunocapture phenotypes extracellular vesicles according to biofluid source but may limit identification of multiplexed cancer biomarkers
Authors: Mizenko Rachel R. , Brostoff Terza , Rojalin Tatu , Koster Hanna J. , Swindell Hila S. , Leiserowitz Gary S. , Wang Aijun , Carney Randy P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTetraspanin expression of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is often used as a surrogate for their general detection and classification from background contaminants. This common practice typically assumes a consistent expression of tetraspanins across EV sources, thus obscuring subpopulations of variable or limited tetraspanin expression. While some recent studies indicate differential expression of tetraspanins across bulk isolated EVs, here we present analysis of single EVs isolated using various field-standard methods from a variety ofin vitroandin vivosources to identify distinct patterns in colocalization of tetraspanin expression. We report an optimized method for the use of antibodycapture single particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensing (SP-IRIS) and fluorescence detection to identify subpopulations according to tetraspanin expression and compare our findings with nanoscale flow cytometry. Using SP-IRIS and immunofluorescence, we report that tetraspanin profile is consistent from a given EV source regardless of isolation method, but that tetraspanin profiles are distinct across various sources. Tetraspanin profiles as measured by flow cytometry do not share similar trends, suggesting that limitations in subpopulation detection significantly impact apparent protein expression. We further analyzed tetraspanin expression of single EVs captured non-specifically, revealing that tetraspanin capture can bias the apparent multiplexed tetraspanin profile. Finally, we demonstrate that this bias can have significant impact on diagnostic sensitivity for tumor-associated EV surface markers. Our findings may reveal key insights into the complexities of the EV biogenesis and signaling pathways and better inform EV capture and detection platforms for diagnostic or other downstream use.
Genomic evaluation ofBordetella spp. originating from Australia
Authors: Fong Winkie , Timms Verlaine , Sim Eby , Sintchenko Vitali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBordetella pertussisis the primary causative agent of pertussis, a highly infectious respiratory disease associated with prolonged coughing episodes. Pertussis infections are typically mild in adults, however in neonates, infections can be fatal. Despite successful vaccine uptake, the disease is re-emerging across the globe, therefore it is critical to determine the mechanism by whichB. pertussisis escaping vaccination control. Studies have suggested that significant changes have occurred inB. pertussisgenomes in response to whole cell and acellular vaccines. Continued molecular monitoring is therefore crucial for public health surveillance.High-resolution molecular surveillance ofB. pertussiscan be achieved through the sequencing of the whole genome. In public health laboratories, whole genome sequencing is primarily performed by short-read sequencing technologies as they are most cost-effective. However short read sequencing does not resolve the extensive genomic rearrangement evident inBordetellagenomes. This is because repeat regions present inBordetellagenomes are collapsed by downstream analysis. For example, theB. pertussisgenome contains more than 200 copies of the IS481insertion element, hence assemblies generally consist of >200 contigs. Advancements in long-read technologies however increase the potential to circularise and close genomes by bridging the locations of the IS481insertion element.In this study, we aimed to contextualise theBordetellaspp. circulating in NSW, Australia and assess their relationship with global isolates utilising core genome, SNP and structural clustering analysis using long read technology. We report five closed genomes ofBordetellaspp. isolated from Australian patients. Two of the threeB. pertussisclosed isolates, were unique with their own genomic structure, while the other structurally clustered with global isolates. We found that AustralianB. holmesiiandB. parapertussisstrains cluster with global isolates and do not appear to be unique to Australia. Australian draftB. holmesiiSNP analysis showed that between 1999 and 2007, isolates were relatively similar, however post-2012, isolates were distinct from each other. The closed isolates can also be used as high-quality reference sequences for both surveillance and other investigations into pertussis spread.