bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-hyperoctahedral Categories of Two-Colored Partitions Part II: All Possible Parameter Values
Authors: Mang Alexander , Weber Moritz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article is part of a series with the aim of classifying all non-hyperoctahedral categories of two-colored partitions. Those constitute by some Tannaka-Krein type result the representation categories of a specific class of quantum groups. In Part I we introduced a class of parameters which gave rise to many new non-hyperoctahedral categories of partitions. In the present article we show that this class actually contains all possible parameter values of all non-hyperoctahedral categories of partitions. This is an important step towards the classification of all non-hyperoctahedral categories.
Cardiac MRI findings to differentiate athlete's heart from hypertrophic (HCM), arrhythmogenic right ventricular (ARVC) and dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kübler J. , Burgstahler C. , Brendel J. M. , Gassenmaier S. , Hagen F. , Klingel K. , Olthof S.-C. , Blume K. , Wolfarth B. , Mueller K. A. L. , Greulich S. , Krumm P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo provide clinically relevant criteria for differentiation between the athlete’s heart and similar appearing hypertrophic (HCM), dilated (DCM), and arrhythmogenic right-ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in MRI. 40 top-level athletes were prospectively examined with cardiac MR (CMR) in two university centres and compared to retrospectively recruited patients diagnosed with HCM (n = 14), ARVC (n = 18), and DCM (n = 48). Analysed MR imaging parameters in the whole study cohort included morphology, functional parameters and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Mean left-ventricular enddiastolic volume index (LVEDVI) was high in athletes (105 ml/m2) but significantly lower compared to DCM (132 ml/m2; p = 0.001). Mean LV ejection fraction (EF) was 61% in athletes, below normal in 7 (18%) athletes vs. EF 29% in DCM, below normal in 46 (96%) patients (p < 0.0001). Mean RV-EF was 54% in athletes vs. 60% in HCM, 46% in ARVC, and 41% in DCM (p < 0.0001). Mean interventricular myocardial thickness was 10 mm in athletes vs. 12 mm in HCM (p = 0.0005), 9 mm in ARVC, and 9 mm in DCM. LGE was present in 1 (5%) athlete, 8 (57%) HCM, 10 (56%) ARVC, and 21 (44%) DCM patients (p < 0.0001). Healthy athletes’ hearts are characterized by both hypertrophy and dilation, low EF of both ventricles at rest, and increased interventricular septal thickness with a low prevalence of LGE. Differentiation of athlete’s heart from other non-ischemic cardiomyopathies in MRI can be challenging due to a significant overlap of characteristics also seen in HCM, ARVC, and DCM.
Toward a theory of ecosystem well-being
Authors: Fleurbaey Marc , Leppanen Christy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCan the main methods of social welfare analysis be extended to cover multiple species? Following a non-anthropocentric approach, we examine the pros and cons of various objective and subjective methods of well-being comparisons across species. We argue against normalizing by specific capacities but in favor of taking account of individual preferences and specializations. While many conceptual and practical difficulties remain, it appears possible to develop methods for the assessment of collective well-being of multi-species communities and ecosystems.
N-effects are not-P-effects
Authors: Bossi Madeline 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes pronominal competition and its pragmatic consequences in Scottish Gaelic (Celtic). In cases of competition cross-linguistically, use of a particular pronoun can trigger pragmatic effects like negative appraisal (N-effects). Although Scottish Gaelic exhibits a superficially similar pattern of competition and negative appraisal, I show that existing accounts based on referential potential (Sichel and Wiltschko 2020) and structure (Patel-Grosz and Grosz 2017) are unable to capture the Scottish Gaelic pattern. Instead, I argue that negative appraisal in Scottish Gaelic stems from the absence of positive appraisal, signaled via use of exempt anaphors. Following Charnavel (2020), I propose that exempt anaphors are anteceded by a nullprologintroduced by a logophoric operator, which requires its complement to be evaluated from the perspective ofprolog’s antecedent. By using an exempt anaphor, a speaker adopts the perspective of the pronoun’s referent, indicating positive appraisal since they are willing to take the referent’s point of view. Yet when a speaker choosesnotto use an exempt anaphor, they refuse to make this perspective shift, which translates as negative appraisal. Apparent N-effects in Scottish Gaelic are, then, better characterized as not-P-effects.
Dirty Hands and Moral Conflict – Lessons from the Philosophy of Evil
Authors: Nick Christina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
According to one understanding of the problem of dirty hands, every case of dirty hands is an instance of moral conflict, but not every instance of moral conflict is a case of dirty hands. So, what sets the two apart? The dirty hands literature has offered widely different answers to this question but there has been relatively little discussion about their relative merits as well as challenges. In this paper I evaluate these different accounts by making clear which understanding of concept distinctness underlies them and which of them is, ultimately, the most plausible one in the case of dirty hands and ordinary moral conflict. In order to do so, I will borrow from the terminology employed in recent debates in the philosophy of evil which have tackled a similar problem to the one at hand, i.e. defining what sets evil apart from ordinary wrongdoing. Here it has been argued that concepts could be distinct in three ways: they can have a quantitative difference, a strong qualitative or a moderate qualitative difference. I conclude that the most convincing definition of dirty hands draws a moderate qualitative distinction between ordinary moral conflict according to which dirty hands are those moral conflicts that involve a serious violation or betrayal of a core moral value.
Testing the quality of transformative science methods: the example of the Human Scale Development approach
Authors: Spiering Salina , Barrera María del Valle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractScholars and funding bodies alike are increasingly calling for transformative research that delivers socially robust and impact-oriented outcomes. This paper argues that the Human Scale Development approach (HSDA) introduced by Max-Neef and colleagues in Latin America during the 1980s can serve as a method for transformative science (TSc). HSDA is both a theory and a participatory methodology and thus contributes toward fulfilling the objectives of TSc, which are scientific, practical and educational. In this paper, we begin by explicating how the fundamental human needs (FHN) approach of the HSDA can support scholars and practitioners alike in addressing complex sustainability challenges. We then refer to the methodological adaptations to the original proposal that we have previously developed to illustrate how Max-Neef's methodological approach might be further extended and to demonstrate how these changes can strengthen HSDA and make it even more useful for generating knowledge needed in sustainability transformations. To inform and support research that builds on the co-production of knowledge, we test HSDA with regard to TSc quality criteria and show how it adds value to the existing canon of TSc methods. To this end, we develop an analytical framework that can be deployed to assess the quality of TSc methods.
Compendium About Multicomponent Interdiffusion in Two Dimensions
Authors: Bożek Bogusław , Sapa Lucjan , Tkacz-Śmiech Katarzyna , Zajusz Marek , Danielewski Marek 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Interdiffusion between dissimilar solids can change the properties of joined materials. Although much work has been done to study experimentally and theoretically interdiffusion in one-dimensional (1-D) diffusion couples, studying interdiffusion in two-dimensional (2-D) or three-dimensional (3-D) solids remains a challenge. In this article, we report an experiment and develop a model to study interdiffusion in a multicomponent system of 2-D geometry. The results (concentration maps and profiles) are compared with data obtained by modeling and numerical simulations. It is assumed that the system satisfies Vegard’s rule and diffusion coefficients are composition dependent. To model the multidimensional diffusion with a drift, we take benefit of the concept of the drift potential. A nonlinear parabolic-elliptic system of strongly coupled differential equations is formulated and the implicit difference method, preserving Vegard’s rule, is applied in the simulations.
Influence of cutting parameters on mechanisms causing slug pulling
Authors: Kindsmüller Alexander , Schrepfer Agnes , Stahl Jens , Pätzold Isabella , Nürnberger Anian , Golle Roland , Volk Wolfram 
Published: May 2021

AbstractShear cutting is one of the most widely used manufacturing processes in the production of sheet metal components. The reasons for this are the high output volume combined with low costs per part. The profitability of this process is significantly influenced by the lifetime of the active elements and the occurrence of unexpected process disturbances. While there are already many publications on the former, there are only few examinations on the wide spread process disturbance of slug pulling, which describes the phenomenon where the cut-out part is pulled upwards again during the punch return stroke. In particular, the different forces on the slug that cause this phenomenon have not yet been measured individually and independently of one another in one single tool. Thus, a shear cutting tool was developed that enables the measurement of the individual forces on the slug depending on various process parameters. Following, single stroke experiments were carried out to determine these forces and establish relationships between the process parameters, the characteristics of the slug and the measured forces. Finally, the interaction of all partial forces depending on selected process parameters is discussed in order to classify the relevance of every single force with regard to the occurrence of slug pulling. This understanding of the process is necessary in order to make a well-founded decision when designing future tools or selecting available remedial measures to avoid slug pulling.
Emotions or attention – what are predictors for the development of childhood psychopathology? A longitudinal study with pre- and elementary school children
Authors: Christiansen Hanna , Hirsch Oliver , Beheshti Ashkan , Chavanon Mira-Lynn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCurrent debate has identified the factors emotion knowledge (EK) and attention as specific trajectories longitudinally influencing psychopathological development in childhood. The “Emotion Knowledge Hypothesis” assumes that children with great emotion skills have high self-regulating abilities that result in lower cognitive load and stronger attention capacities. Attention problems are thus perceived as a consequence of reduced EK. According to the competing “Attention Effect Hypothesis”, attention problems and EK deficits are associated because of impaired learning capacities due to attention problems. According to this hypothesis, attention problems are predictive of impaired EK. If those specific trajectories are disrupted, this might attenuate the development of later behavior problems. The present study tests those competing hypotheses replicating previous studies in this field to shed light on potential psychopathology trajectories. A total of 136 pre- and elementary school children as well as their teachers participated in this study. Children’s symptoms of inattention as well as their emotional competences were assessed 3 times over a 12-month period. We applied multilevel structural equation modelling and cross-lagged panel models for data analysis. Overall, we noted a drop in inattention scores and rise in emotional competences over the one-year course, indicating maturation effects. There was a significant but very small effect for attention scores predicting emotional competences. With respect to the question whether interventions should focus on the “Emotion Knowledge” or “Attention Effect” hypothesis, our findings imply that none of them has superiority over the other. Therefore, both emotion knowledge and attention are crucial for development, and that children with deficits in either domain should receive targeted interventions in order to disrupt potentially harmful developmental pathways.
Pb(II) removal in water via adsorption onto deep eutectic solvent fabricated activated carbon
Authors: Pam Aloysius Akaangee , Hir Zul Adlan Mohd , Abdullah Abdul Halim , Tan Yen Ping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn our current work, we have established a novel approach in the synthesis of a new adsorbent by using choline chloride and urea (DES)/orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) as our activating agent and palm kernel shell (PKS) as our precursor. The resulting activated carbon (DES/H3PO4-6002:3) was used to adsorb Pb(II) from aqueous solution. Characterization of DES-H3PO4-6002:3 by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated good micropores structure and high surface area that makes DES/H3PO4-600 2:3 a suitable alternative for liquid phase adsorption. The fundamental batch experiment of DES/H3PO4-600 2:3 was investigated by different parameters (such as concentration, pH, temperature and absorbent dose). The results obtained indicated that Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order equation best fit the data, indicating that the adsorption was controlled by chemical reaction and monolayer uptake. In addition, the fabrication of DES/H3PO4 AC exhibits good potential for Pb(II) ions uptake, including its high adsorption capacity (97.1 mg/g) and good recyclability. The future potential of this works lies in the identification of alternatives to environmental benign synthesis AC and reuse of Pb(II) ion–laden biosorbent after heavy metal uptake.
Groundwater quality of an hard rock aquifer in the Subledu Basin of Khammam district, India
Authors: Narasaiah Vulloju , Rao Bekkam Venkateswara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHard rock aquifers of Indian peninsula are loaded with excess nitrate due to heavy use of fertilizers during irrigation and excess fluoride due to the geogenic contamination. This study is focused on the groundwater quality in Subledu Basin in view of the large-scale use of groundwater for both irrigation and drinking purposes as no such study was carried out earlier in the basin. The study area is located at Khammam district, Telangana state, India, which is a hard rock terrain mostly covered with granites and gneisses. Twenty-two groundwater samples were collected covering the entire basin in the month of May 2019 from running hand pumps for analyzing the major anions and cations in the groundwater. The samples were analyzed by using standard gravimetric method for evaluation of total dissolved solids; titrimetric methods to analyze carbonates, bicarbonates and chloride; UV spectrometric method for estimation of nitrate; and ion-selective electrode method for fluoride and spectrophotometer for sulfate and phosphate. These chemical constituents are used to calculate parameters, namely total hardness, sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, sodium percentage, Kelley’s ratio and magnesium hazard. The spatial distribution maps of important chemical constituents are prepared by using the contour maps created by utilizing the inverse distance weighted interpolation tool in the Geographical Information System. The excess fluoride values of 2.84 mg/l, 2.76 mg/l and 1.87 mg/l are observed in the villages of Pocharam, Kistapuram and Turakagudem, respectively, as against the maximum permissible concentration of 1.5 mg/l prescribed by World Health Organization. Excess use of fertilizers for agriculture is causing the nitrate pollution of groundwater in more than 50% of the samples with concentrations ranging from a minimum of 2 mg/l to a maximum of 460 mg/l in the villages of Medidapalle and Bachodu. It is identified that the total hardness is ranging between 200 and 820 mg/l which is very high when compared with the Bureau of Indian Standards. Based on sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, Kelley’s ratio, and sodium percentage analyses, two samples were not suitable for irrigation. Similarly, 13 samples are not suitable for drinking water purposes based on the excess presence of fluoride and nitrate. Groundwater quality maps of Subledu Basin depicting the areas suitable or not for the irrigation as well as for drinking purposes were prepared. From these maps, it is found that groundwater from large parts of the basin is not suitable for drinking purposes while for irrigation purposes it is suitable.
Computing Machinery, Surprise and Originality
Authors: Delacroix Sylvie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLady Lovelace’s notes on Babbage’s Analytical Engine (1843) never refer to the concept of surprise. Having some pretension to ‘originate’ something—unlike the Analytical Engine—is neither necessary nor sufficient to being able to surprise someone. Turing nevertheless translates Lovelace’s ‘this machine is incapable of originating something’ in terms of a hypothetical ‘computers cannot take us by surprise’ objection to the idea that machines may be deemed capable of thinking. To understand the contemporary significance of what is missed in Turing’s ‘surprise’ translation of Lovelace’s insight, one needs to distinguish between trivial surprises (which stem from our limited ability to store data and process it) and those events, propositions or encounters that lead us to question our understanding of ourselves or what surrounds us. Only some of these non-trivial surprises are the product of originality endeavours. Not only is it uncommon for surprises to track such endeavours, the type of autonomy that would be required on the part of ‘digital computers’ for originality and surprise to intersect in that way goes far beyond the operational autonomy that can be achieved by ‘learning machines’. This paper argues that a salient translation of Lovelace’s originality insight—for contemporary and future ‘learning machines’—is an upside-down version of Turing’s surprise question: can computers be surprised by us in a non-trivial, ‘co-produced’ way?
Displacement mapping of point clouds: application of retaining structures composed of sheet piles
Authors: Zhao Yang , Seo Hyungjoon , Chen Cheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe measurement of displacement is an important factor to evaluate the stability of a retaining structure. In this paper, a large-scale retaining structure with a width of 70 m and a height of 6 m was monitored using 3-D laser scanning. Displacement mapping was proposed to globally monitor the entire retaining structure. The point cloud obtained immediately after the excavation was converted into the mesh, and the point clouds obtained on the second and seventh days after excavation were compared to the mesh using the Cloud to Mesh (C2M) comparison method. Since the C2M displacement can be underestimated in the inclined section of the sheet pile, after filtering using the azimuth and element angles automatically, only the flat sections of the sheet pile can be segmented from original point clouds collectively and consistently. The displacement mapping results identify not only the local behavior of the sheet pile, such as the bending point and the maximum displacement position, but also the global behavior, such as the expansion of the maximum displacement in the retaining structure. The results of the displacement mapping were confirmed through site investigation as well. In the displacement mapping result, the maximum displacement was found around rows 2 and 3 of the 37th sheet pile, and the analyzed result of the load cell installed on the anchor indicated that the anchor constructed in the 37th sheet pile shows the plastic behavior. It was established that other sheet piles are affected by the damage to the local anchor through the H-beam and the maximum displacement in the displacement mapping is expanded horizontally in a positive parabola shape. Therefore, it was confirmed that displacement mapping using laser scanning can complement existing monitoring techniques and can contribute to evaluating the behavior of a large-scale retaining structure during excavation.
A new mathematical model for determining optimal workforce planning of pilots in an airline company
Authors: Akyurt İbrahim Zeki , Kuvvetli Yusuf , Deveci Muhammet , Garg Harish , Yuzsever Mert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aims to model a workforce-planning problem of pilot roles which include captain and first officer in an airline company and to make an efficient plan having maximal utilization of minimum workforce requirements. To tackle this problem, a mixed integer programming based a new mathematical model is proposed. The model considers different conditions such as employing pilots with different skill types, resignations, retirements, holidays of pilots, transitions between different skills regarding needs of the demands during the planning horizon. The application of the proposed approach is investigated using a case study with real-world data from an airline company in Turkey. The results show that a company can use transitions instead of new employment and this is a more suitable medium-term production and human resource planning decision.
A Trigonometric Projection Method for Overcoming High Intensity Heart Rate Caused Waveform Deformation in Electrocardiogram Biometrics
Authors: Shen Tsu-Wang , Chang Shan-Chun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Although electrocardiogram (ECG) has been proven as a biometric for human identification, applying biometric technology remains challenging with diverse heart rate circumstances in which high intensity heart rate caused waveform deformation may not be known in advance when ECG templates are registered.

Methods
A calibration method that calculates the ratio of the length of an unidentified electrocardiogram signal to the length of an electrocardiogram template is proposed in this paper. Next, the R peak is used as an axis anchor point of a trigonometric projection (TP) to attain the displacement value. Finally, the unidentified ECG signal is calibrated according to the generated trigonometric value, which corresponds to the trigonometric projection degree of the ratio and the attained displacement measurement.

Results
The results reveal that the proposed method provides superior overall performance compared with that of the conventional downsampling method, based on the percentage root mean square difference (PRD), correlation coefficients, and mean square error (MSE).

Conclusion
The curve fitting equation directly maps from the heart rate levels to the TP degree without prior registration information. The proposed ECG calibration method offers a more robust system against heart rate interference when conducting ECG identification.