bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of using our own bus fleet in multimodal door-to-door service
Authors: Golenya Yu. V. 
Published: September 2021

In the passenger transportation segment, there is a trend towards door-to-door travel planning. This direction, which is relevant in the world practice of passenger transportation, with a correctly proposed approach, can also be used in the cities of the Russian Federation.The use of a multimodal method of passenger transportation together with MaaS technologies in case of maximum involvement of carrier operators will allow passengers to significantly reduce travel time and find a way to reduce travel costs.Sophisticated logistics of commuter rail transport routes for all time periods will attract additional passenger traffic, increasing the profitability of passenger traffic.The conducted research on the example of the transport-interchange complex of the city of N showed the possibility of organizing a passenger's trip "from door to door" with minimal costs and maximum comfort. The passenger railway company receives direct profit from this service, which makes it possible to recoup the project in a short time. Conclusions are made about the dependence of the profitability of the bus fleet on the number of seats, distance and popularity of the route direction. The organization of additional services on the territory as close as possible to the places of embarkation and disembarkation of passengers will increase the attractiveness of the transport and interchange complex for the passenger traffic of N.
Analysis of the feasibility of overhaul and modernization of tram cars
Authors: Komarov T. A. , Fyedorov V. P. 
Published: September 2021

The current situation on the territory of Russian transport parks is considered, where the preference is given to the modernization of the existing rolling stock over the purchase of new transport. The analysis of modernization is carried out, the main stages and advantages of the improvement of tram cars are shown on the example of tram facilities in St. Petersburg and Izhevsk. A number of trends that have developed in modern market conditions are noted. The use of one of the oldest modes of transport — the tram — has proven its profitability, high carrying capacity, the ability to achieve high speeds, and the introduction of the latest technologies to reduce noise and vibration increases not only aesthetic appeal for urban residents, but also reduces the impact on environmental systems.It has been established that overhaul and refurbishment with complete modernization can extend the service life of the tram up to 15 years."Launching" a tram line on a concession basis in a small town can become an effective anti-crisis tool with an appropriate feasibility study and organizational issues. The tram as a public transport is more profitable for the city, since the lane allocated for it is more efficiently used, because a tram in a 2-3-car coupling carries more people than a trolleybus. Renewal of the tram fleet through modernization is a current trend.
A stand for researching the dynamics and strength of a freight wagons bogie
Authors: Pokrovskaya O. D. 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the study is to characterize the laboratory equipment of a new generation that meets the requirements that are imposed today on the training of specialists in the rolling stock of railways. Analytical, diagnostic and didactic methods, theory and methodology of design and mechanics of freight wagon, theory of complex systems, systems engineering, modeling, as well as methodological tools for organizing experiments were used. The scientific novelty is the constructive and technological scheme of a specialized laboratory stand; a didactic set of materials for organizing laboratory work using this stand.It has been established that the introduction of a new rolling stock with an increased carrying capacity is the main trend of modern car building and should be accompanied by appropriate training of highly qualified specialists capable of further development of new generation freight wagons. It is noted that conducting educational and research sessions involves studying not only the problems of strength, but also acquiring skills in working with digital technologies for collecting and transmitting data. A detailed description is given of a specialized stand developed at the Department of "Wagons and Carriage Facilities" of PGUPS for studying the properties of dynamics and strength of freight wagons of the laboratory stand. In particular, the device of the base trolley model 18-9855 is shown, the technology of the stand operation is described, illustrative materials are given on the structure and principle of operation of the projected stand. For practical laboratory exercises, a typical version of laboratory work with the use of this stand is proposed. It is shown that the involvement of students in the implementation of practical experiments and applied bench research increases interest in the future profession and allows the formation of strong skills in practical diagnostics of the current state of a freight wagon.
The Role of K-Ras and P53 in Biliary Tract Carcinoma
Authors: Saara Ahmad  , Bisma Badr  , Asra Khan  , Rehana Rehman  , Kulsoom Ghias  , Jibran Sualeh Muhammad  , Muhammad Rizwan Khan  
Published: September 2021

Objective: Biliary tract cancers are among the most fatal subtypes of gastrointestinal cancer. The pathogenesis of these tumors involves several molecular alterations in the genes. This review article focuses mainly on the role of K-Ras (a proto-oncogene) and p53 (a tumor-suppressor gene) which are among the most commonly mutated genes, with K-Ras activation being detected in 50% to 75% and P53 inactivation in 30% to 40% of biliary tract carcinomas.
Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the terms TP53, KRAS, mutation, biliary tract carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, murine model. In total, 72 articles were reviewed of which 26 articles from the 21st Century were included in this review. The articles excluded were mere repetitions, duplicates or were irrelevant. No data was retrieved from posters, presentations, cell lines and symposiums. Moreover, experiments involving bile aspirations were not included in this review article.
Results: Three studies conducted in China, Japan and Taiwan reported a positive correlation between K-Ras mutation and biliary tract carcinoma. Only one study conducted in China showed the sole correlation between p53 inactivation and biliary tract carcinoma. Among the studies conducted in China, Japan and Europe, only four showed a positive association between both K-Ras mutation and p53 inactivation and biliary tract carcinoma.
Conclusion: K-Ras and p53 mutation both contribute to biliary tract carcinoma. K-Ras mutation, however, has a much higher frequency as compared to p53 inactivation in these cancers.
Keywords: p53, K-Ras, mutation, biliary tract carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, murine models.
Continuous..
Dysbiosis, gut-blood barrier rupture and autoimmune response in rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia
Authors: Maślińska Maria , Trędzbor Beata , Krzystanek Marek 
Published: September 2021

The primary cause of chronic autoimmune diseases is elusive both in somatic medicine and psychiatry. Examples of such conditions are rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenic disorders. Immune disturbances occur in both diseases, but it is difficult to combine them into a meaningful pathogenetic model. The immunological hypothesis of schizophrenia is based on non-specific changes in the cytokine system and exponents of chronic inflammation in some patients. In rheumatoid arthritis the cytokine network is much better known than in schizophrenia, and interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor or Janus kinases became a target of treatment. Microbiome dysbiosis and disturbances of the blood–gut barrier may be a new hypothesis of the pathogenesis of somatic and psychiatric diseases. The purpose of this narrative review was to show, using the example of two chronic diseases – rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenic disorders – that disturbances in the blood barrier of the intestine can be a common mechanism of somatic and mental disorders. <br />
The paper presents the current state of knowledge on the hypothetical relationship between microbiome dysbiosis and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis. In conclusion, in the light of discoveries regarding the microbiome–gut–brain axis the immunological model of rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia formation may gain importance and contribute to the creation of new strategies for causal treatment of these still incurable diseases.
The use of radiosynovectomy in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Assessment of treatment efficacy and safety
Authors: Gazda Agnieszka , Ćwikła Jarosław , Kołodziejczyk Beata , Szczygielska Izabela , Hernik Elżbieta , Gietka Piotr , Rutkowska-Sak Lidia 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of knee joint radiosynovectomy (RS) in patients suffering from juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Material and methodsOne hundred RS procedures performed in 58 patients with JIA in average age 10.4 years were evaluated.ResultsAfter 6 weeks, a decrease in the number of cases with joint pain from 90.3% to 29%, with joint oedema from 100% to 74.5%, with joint exudate from 100% to 60.6%, with gait disorders from 19.4% to 3.2%, with joint mobility disorders from 51.1% to 26.6% in the RS cases was observed. A reduction of the score in the Colorado scale from 10.9 to 4.66, in the pain visual analogue scale (VAS) from 50 to 10, in the illness VAS assessed by the patient/parent from 69.9 to 32.4, in the illness VAS assessed by the physician from 68.8 to 36.9 was observed. Six months after the RS procedure, a reduction in the number of cases with joint pain from 89.5% prior to the procedure to 29.5%, with oedema from 100% to 58.3%, with exudate from 100% to 46.9%, with gait disorders from 20% to 2.1%, with joint motility disorders from 51.1% to 26.1% was achieved. The score in the Colorado scale was reduced from 10.9 to 4.04, in the pain VAS from 40 to 0, in the illness VAS assessed by the patient/parent from 69.7 to 27.9, in the illness VAS assessed by the physician from 68.8 to 32.4. In ultrasound examinations, the greatest improvement compared to the initial condition was recorded in the 6th month after the RS. Radiosynovectomy was positively evaluated by parents and patients in 34 anonymous surveys. Early and late observations (average 1473 days) did not show lesions at the isotope injection site, and no neoplastic lesions were observed.ConclusionsRadiosynovectomy is a valuable therapeutic option for local treatment in patients with JIA.
Use of the rheumatic drug tocilizumab for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients
Authors: Grygiel-Górniak Bogna , Shaikh Osama , Niranjan Kumar Nikita , Heng Hsu Shao , Samborski Włodzimierz 
Published: September 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has been observed to vary in its degree of symptoms. One of the most important clinical manifestations is pneumonia and the subsequent worsening of the hyperinflammatory state and cytokine storm. <br />
Tocilizumab (TCB) is a recombinant humanized, anti-human monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin G1k (IgG1k) subclass that acts against soluble and membrane-bound interleukin six receptors (IL-6R). There is wide use of TCB in rheumatic diseases. However, recently this medication has been used in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Tocilizumab application in COVID-19 patients with a high risk of a cytokine storm shows a positive response in reducing the mortality rate. Moreover, TCB minimizes the time needed to recover, improves oxygenation, shortens the duration of vasopressor support, and reduces the likelihood of invasive mechanical ventilation. <br />
Therefore we provide an overview of recent studies to understand the efficacy of this drug under various circumstances, including COVID-19 and rheumatic pathologies. This article also explores and integrates the different treatment possibilities in prominent anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory-related symptoms. The preliminary data demonstrate promising results regarding the efficacy of TCB use in severe COVID-19 patients. Nevertheless, randomized controlled trials, with adequate sample sizes and sufficient follow-up periods, are needed to form conclusions and establish treatment recommendations.
Modelo de la dinámica competitiva para la enseñanza-aprendizaje del voleibol en la categoría 11-12 años
Authors: Méndez Guerra Adrián , Castro Marcelo Rolando , Pérez Guerra Edecio 
Published: September 2021

El artículo trata el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del voleibol en la categoría 11-12 años a través de la competición como derrotero para el logro de resultados de la enseñanza-aprendizaje solucionando las diversas situaciones de juego que se le presentan a los voleibolistas durante el acto competitivo, por lo cual, se formuló como objetivo elaborar un modelo para la enseñanza-aprendizaje del voleibol como sustento de la dinámica competitiva. Entre los métodos empleados se encuentran: observación científica, revisión documental y bibliográfica, holístico-configuracional, analítico-sintético y estadístico. Asimismo, se valoró la pertinencia y factibilidad científica de los resultados investigativos a través del pre-experimento, acompañado con el criterio de experto, concluyendo que el modelo propuesto evidencia las relaciones esenciales entre las configuraciones que lo conforman, lo que permite comprender la lógica integradora de la sistematización de la competición, revelada en los subsistemas como vías para que los jugadores se apropien del voleibol mediante la competición.
Resultados del uso del Pentacam. Centro de Tratamiento Láser, enero–junio 2018. Quito
Authors: Rocha Machin Aymee , Martin Rocha Alejandro , Jarrín Briones Nelly Carola , Ruiz Yépez María José , Licea Reyes Yoandra 
Published: September 2021

Por ser la vista el sentido más preciado por el hombre, este ha desarrollado diversos dispositivos electrónicos para su estudio, entre ellos el Pentacam, que sirve para el estudio de la córnea. Este trabajo tuvo el propósito de analizar los resultados obtenidos de los exámenes de Pentacam realizados en el Centro de Tratamiento Láser de la ciudad de Quito, durante el periodo de enero a junio del 2018, mediante un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal con enfoque cuantitativo; sustentado en los métodos de observación científica, revisión bibliográfica, analítico-sintético y estadístico. La muestra estuvo formada por 150 pacientes, a los que se les examinó el ojo derecho. Los resultados más significativos obtenidos fueron: mayor presencia de patologías corneales en edades entre los 11 y 30 años; predominio del sexo masculino; la progresión queratométrica identifica con mayor fiabilidad una patología; disminución de casos patológicos a partir de los 40 años; la elevación frontal y elevación posterior no mostraron diferencia al identificar la presencia de una patología; TKC (Queratocono) no está en dependencia directa con la Pq y prevalencia de los ejes de astigmatismo oblicuos.
A Legacy of Distinction: Professor Adeyinka Charles Adisa (1965–2020) M.B.B.S (Ibadan), FWACS, FACS, FICS
Authors: Ariyo Abraham A. 
Published: September 2021

(no abstract available)
Citation: Journal of Global Medicine 2021, 1: 23 - http://dx.doi.org/10.51496/jogm.v1.23
Totally Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Outcomes from A Single Center
Authors: Çiçek Murat , Korun Oktay , Yurdakök Okan , Altın Hüsnü Fırat , Önalan Mehmet Akif , Bulut Mustafa Orhan , İzgi Çoşkun Filiz , Şaşmazel Ahmet , Özdemir Fatih , Aydemir Numan Ali 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: There is limited data on totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) repair results in our country. The aim of this study is to evaluate the early postoperative results of a large series of TAPVC patients operated in our clinic.
Patients and Methods: The data of the patients who underwent TAPVC repair in our clinic between May 2005 and May 2021 were retrospectively reviewed using hospital records.
Results: A total of 150 TAPVC patients aged between 0 days and 39 years (median 3 months, IQR: 18 days-9 months), 92 males (61%) and 58 females (39%) underwent surgical intervention. The median length of hospi- tal stay was 12 (IQR: 7-16) days. Overall mortality was 14% (21 patients). Seventeen out of 32 patients with additional cardiac anomalies (53%) and 4 out of 118 patients with isolated TAPVC (3%) died. The presence of additional cardiac anomalies was associated with mortality (p< 0.00001). Mortality rate in univentricular patients was 59% (10 patients). This rate was higher in comparison to the mortality rate of biventricular patients (8%; p< 0.00001). Three patients were reoperated due to postoperative pulmonary venous stenosis.
Conclusion: The TAPVC outcomes in isolated and biventricular patients were favorable with a low mortality and postoperative pulmonary venous stenosis in this cohort. Patients with a single ventricle physiology and/or heterotaxia had a significantly increased risk of mortality, which might be due to the intrinsic challenges of the univentricular physiology regarding the balance between the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Tendency for increased mortality in the cases with preoperative pulmonary venous obstruction is a potential target for improvement.
Little Dorrit's “Wildernesses of Secrets”
Authors: Hennelly Mark M. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
This article initially documents the variety of critical opinions on secrets in Dickens's novels and more specifically the multitude and diversity of secrets in Little Dorrit. It then generally discusses the nature and functions of secrets and their relevance to the novel before its major task: exploring the text's (often erotic) narrative, plot, family, and intimately personal secrets, especially those of Arthur Clennam and Amy Dorrit. And it finds that Amy alone practices the necessary discretion to know both when to keep and when to reveal and share secrets. In a concluding Epilogue, the article discusses Dickens's own secrets and the impact of both his fictional and biographical secrets on his readers.
Indecent Proposals: Plotting Marriage inOur Mutual FriendandThe Mystery of Edwin Drood
Authors: Bridgham Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe abundance of problematic proposals in nineteenth-century British fiction suggests a breakdown in the already inequitable gendered social ritual of proposing and accepting marriage. Coercive proposals, in particular, disrupt the element of a woman's free choice that Victorians assumed to be critical to successfully performing this ritual. Using speech act theory as its analytical framework, this article examines how Charles Dickens, in Our Mutual Friend and The Mystery of Edwin Drood, presents two case studies of marriage proposals that are not merely coercive but are explicitly threatening. The threats that Bradley Headstone and John Jasper embed in their proposals can be read as invalidating the performative promises of the proposals themselves, as the act of promising suggests an effort to fulfill the wishes of the promisee, while the act of threatening suggests an effort to violate those wishes deliberately. This is more than a semantic distinction: because marriage proposals were and are such a significant part of Victorian life and the Victorian novel, their proper performance is a requirement of stability in the social order and the literary form. When the ritual of the proposal breaks down into threats, so too does the obligation of its recipient to respond according to conventional scripts, and the words and actions of Lizzie Hexam and Rosa Bud suggest that Dickens saw in such proposals opportunities for the expansion of women's agency at the extreme margins of the marriage plot.
Geology of the Liese Zone, Pogo Property, East-Central Alaska
Authors: SMITH MOIRA , THOMPSON JOHN F.H. , BRESSLER JASON , LAYER PAUL , MORTENSEN JAMES K. , ABE ICHIRO , TAKAOKA HIDETOSHI 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The Liese zone is a recently discovered high-grade gold deposit on the Pogo claims, approximately 90 miles (145 km) southeast of Fairbanks. A conservative geologic resource for the Liese zone is 9.98 million tons at an average grade of 0.52 oz/t, for a total of 5.2 million contained ounces.
The region is underlain by highly deformed, amphibolite-grade paragneiss and minor orthogneiss of the Late Proterozoic(?) to middle Paleozoic Yukon-Tanana terrane, which has been intruded by Cretaceous felsic granitoid bodies thought to be related to gold mineralization in the Fairbanks area and elsewhere along the Tintina gold belt.
The Liese zone is hosted primarily in gneiss, and lies approximately 1.5 km south of the southern margin of the Late Cretaceous Goodpaster batholith. Mineralization occurs in three or more tabular, gently dipping quartz bodies, designated L1 (uppermost), L2, and L3 (lowermost). The thickness of the quartz bodies ranges from 1 to 20 m, averaging approximately 7 m. The quartz contains approximately 3 percent ore minerals, including pyrite, pyrrhotite, loellingite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, bismuthinite, various Ag-Pb-Bi ± S minerals, maldonite, native bismuth, and native gold. Early biotite and later quartz-sericite-stockwork and sericite-dolomite alteration are spatially associated with the Liese zone, which shows characteristics of both vein and replacement styles of mineralization. Geochemical data indicate a strong correlation between gold and bismuth, and weaker correlations between gold, silver, and arsenic. Based on U-Pb dating of intrusive rocks, the Liese zone was formed between 107 and 94.5 m.y. ago, although 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages on alteration minerals return younger ages of 91 Ma, suggesting a protracted or multiphase thermal history. The Liese zone may represent a deep-seated manifestation of the "intrusion-related" gold deposit type.