bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation on Green Synthesis of FeNPs using Azadirachta indica leaves
Authors: Devra Vijay , Rathore Ajay 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the field of nanotechnology, developing an environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) an important aspect. The use of secondary metabolites from plant leaf extract has recently emerged as a novel technology for the synthesis of various nanoparticles, according to recent studies. The leaf extract of Azadirachta indica was used to synthesize iron nanoparticles in this research. The effects of reactant concentrations, reaction temperature and pH of the solution on the synthesis process of iron nanoparticles were studied. The formation of iron nanoparticles in dispersion was monitored using a UV-Visible Spectrophotometer that analyzed absorbance spectra. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) characterized the morphology of iron nanoparticles and results reveal the particles are spherical in shape with an average size of 48 nm. The following are the ideal conditions for synthesis: leaf extract 15%, [FeCl 3 ] = 1.0 mM, pH 6.0 and temperature 60◦C. The plant biomolecules induce the reduction of Fe 3+ ions to FeNPs and act as a capping and stabilizing agent, which is confirmed by the FTIR technique. Therefore, they have good stability for various applications.
Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Patients with Cancer: Findings from an International Collaborative Cohort Study
Authors: Addeo Alfredo , Shah Pankil , Bordry Natacha , Hudson Robert , Albracht Brenna , Marco Mariagrazia Di , Kaklamani Virginia , Dietrich Pierre-Yves , Taylor Barbara , Simand Pierre-Francois , Patel Darpan , Wang Jing , Labidi-Galy Inthidar , Fertani Sara , Leach Robin , Sandoval Jose , Mesa Ruben , Lathrop Kate , Mach Nicolas , Shah Dimpy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Patients with cancer experience higher burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection, disease severity, complications, and mortality, compared to the general population. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have shown to be highly effective in clinical trials; however, few data are available on the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with cancer. Using a prospective cohort study design, we assessed the seroconversion rates and anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody titers following the 1st and 2nd dose of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with cancer at centers in U.S. and Europe from January 2021 to April 2021. Among 131 patients included in the immunogenicity analysis, most (94%) developed antibody levels; however, 6% showed no seroconversion after completing the mRNA vaccination series. No differences in seroconversion rates were observed between BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine groups. Patients with solid tumors (98%) were much more likely to seroconvert and develop higher antibody titers than those with hematological malignancy (77%). Although seroconversion rates were consistently high in patients receiving different types of anti-cancer therapy except anti-CD-20 antibody; the antibody titers were much lower in patients who received cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or monoclonal antibody compared to those on clinical surveillance or receiving endocrine therapy within six months prior to vaccination. None of the patients on anti-CD-20 antibody therapy developed an antibody response, even after receiving 2 doses of the vaccines. After correlating with cell-mediated immunity in a subset of patients at high-risk for antibody non-response, we propose exploring the addition of a second booster, or convalescent plasma therapy, or postpone vaccination until after completion of their specific anti-cancer treatment. Although encouraging results, we suggest high-risk vaccinated patients with cancer to continue taking safety precautions until their immune response is confirmed at 4 weeks after 2nd dose of mRNA vaccines. We also highly encourage all eligible individuals in the general population to get vaccinated to ensure the protection of the most vulnerable groups, such as those with cancer.
A Comprehensive Screening Strategy of Breast Cancer Based on Different Penetrance Susceptibility Genes in Healthy Han Chinese Females
Authors: Hu Ling , Wu Chengbi , Liu Ping , Jiang Lanbin , Guo Yuntao , Jiang Xin , Xiong Nian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Morbidity and mortality associated with breast cancer (BC) had increased rapidly in China. Early screening and intervention could greatly reduce the risk of hereditary BC. Several risk models had been utilized over the last decades to predict individual BC risk, but most of them didn’t assess the polygenic risk of low-penetrant genes. A novel screening method integrating different penetrance susceptibility genes was eagerly needed.Methods: Twenty-three variants of high and moderate penetrance susceptibility genes (HVs) and twenty loci of low penetrance susceptibility genes (LVs) were selected from previous studies. Genotyping of these mutations were conducted among 3777 healthy Han Chinese women (HCW) and 401 BC subjects. Based on the mutation profiles, we raised a comprehensive screening strategy using HVs and LVs to evaluate the polygenic risk score (PRS) in healthy individuals.Results: Three HVs in BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2 genes mutated in the study population, which suggests the necessity of applying genetic determination to healthy HCW. LVs were widely carried in objects and their frequencies differed greatly between HCW and the west population. After quality control and lasso dimension reduction, nineteen of twenty-three LVs were involved to construct a logistic regression model to evaluate the cumulative genetic risk score. The area under curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of the model is 0.993, 0.9676 and 0.9617 respectively, indicating that it is robust. Finally, a screening strategy using HVs and LVs was put forward to evaluate the risk of BC in normal objects.Conclusion: The distribution of HVs and LVs differed greatly between Han Chinese females and the west population. A screening strategy combining HVs and LVs showed strong efficacy in distinguishing high risk individuals from healthy women.Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000038558. Registered 24 September 2020 - Retrospectively 37 registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=60543
Adsorption of Co(II) from aqueous solution using municipal sludge biochar modified by HNO3
Authors: Hu Chunlian , Zhang Wei , Chen Yuantao , Ye Na , YangJi DaWa , Jia Haizhe , Shen Yanting , Song Minna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Here adsorption studies were proposed on a carboxylated sludge biochar (CSB) material modified by HNO3 to assess its capacity in the removal of cobalt from aqueous solution. The as-prepared sludge biochar material was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The isotherm process could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption kinetics indicated that cobalt adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The mechanism between Co(II) and biochar involved electrostatic interaction, ion exchange, surface complexation and physical function. The adsorption capacity on CSB was as high as 72.27 mg·g−1, surpassing original sludge biochar (SB) as CSB had abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and many hydroxyls, plus the BET surface areas increased when SB was modified by HNO3, which stimulated adsorption effect. Therefore, this work shows that CSB could be used as an efficient adsorbent to remove Co(II) in wastewater.
Overview and Strategy Analysis of Technology-Based Nonpharmacological Interventions for In-Hospital Delirium Prevention and Reduction: Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Kim Chan Mi , van der Heide Esther M , van Rompay Thomas J L , Verkerke Gijsbertus J , Ludden Geke D S 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundDelirium prevention is crucial, especially in critically ill patients. Nonpharmacological multicomponent interventions for preventing delirium are increasingly recommended and technology-based interventions have been developed to support them. Despite the increasing number and diversity in technology-based interventions, there has been no systematic effort to create an overview of these interventions for in-hospital delirium prevention and reduction.ObjectiveThis systematic scoping review was carried out to answer the following questions: (1) what are the technologies currently used in nonpharmacological technology-based interventions for preventing and reducing delirium? and (2) what are the strategies underlying these currently used technologies?MethodsA systematic search was conducted in Scopus and Embase between 2015 and 2020. A selection was made in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Studies were eligible if they contained any type of technology-based interventions and assessed delirium-/risk factor–related outcome measures in a hospital setting. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using a predesigned data form.ResultsA total of 31 studies were included and analyzed focusing on the types of technology and the strategies used in the interventions. Our review revealed 8 different technology types and 14 strategies that were categorized into the following 7 pathways: (1) restore circadian rhythm, (2) activate the body, (3) activate the mind, (4) induce relaxation, (5) provide a sense of security, (6) provide a sense of control, and (7) provide a sense of being connected. For all technology types, significant positive effects were found on either or both direct and indirect delirium outcomes. Several similarities were found across effective interventions: using a multicomponent approach or including components comforting the psychological needs of patients (eg, familiarity, distraction, soothing elements).ConclusionsTechnology-based interventions have a high potential when multidimensional needs of patients (eg, physical, cognitive, emotional) are incorporated. The 7 pathways pinpoint starting points for building more effective technology-based interventions. Opportunities were discussed for transforming the intensive care unit into a healing environment as a powerful tool to prevent delirium.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020175874; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=175874
Internet Interest in Colon Cancer Following the Death of Chadwick Boseman: Infoveillance Study
Authors: Naik Hiten , Johnson Maximilian Desmond Dimitri , Johnson Michael Roger 
Published: May 2021

Background
Compared with White Americans, Black Americans have higher colon cancer mortality rates but lower up-to-date screening rates. Chadwick Boseman was a prominent Black American actor who died of colon cancer on August 28, 2020. As announcements of celebrity diagnoses often result in increased awareness, Boseman’s death may have resulted in greater interest in colon cancer on the internet, particularly among Black Americans.

Objective
This study aims to quantify the impact of Chadwick Boseman’s death on web-based search interest in colon cancer and determine whether there was an increase in interest in regions of the United States with a greater proportion of Black Americans.

Methods
We conducted an infoveillance study using Google Trends (GT) and Wikipedia pageview analysis. Using an autoregressive integrated moving average algorithm, we forecasted the weekly relative search volume (RSV) for GT search topics and terms related to colon cancer that would have been expected had his death not occurred and compared it with observed RSV data. This analysis was also conducted for the number of page views on the Wikipedia page for colorectal cancer. We then delineated GT RSV data for the term colon cancer for states and metropolitan areas in the United States and determined how the RSV values for these regions correlated with the percentage of Black Americans in that region. Differences in these correlations before and after Boseman’s death were compared to determine whether there was a shift in the racial demographics of the individuals conducting the searches.

Results
The observed RSVs for the topics colorectal cancer and colon cancer screening increased by 598% and 707%, respectively, and were on average 121% (95% CI 72%-193%) and 256% (95% CI 35%-814%) greater than expected during the first 3 months following Boseman’s death. Daily Wikipedia page view volume during the 2 months following Boseman’s death was on average 1979% (95% CI 1375%-2894%) greater than expected, and it was estimated that this represented 547,354 (95% CI 497,708-585,167) excess Wikipedia page views. Before Boseman’s death, there were negative correlations between the percentage of Black Americans living in a state or metropolitan area and the RSV for colon cancer in that area (r=−0.18 and r=−0.05, respectively). However, in the 2 weeks following his death, there were positive correlations between the RSV for colon cancer and the percentage of Black Americans per state and per metropolitan area (r=0.73 and r=0.33, respectively). These changes persisted for 4 months and were all statistically significant (P<.001).

Conclusions
There was a significant increase in web-based activity related to colon cancer following Chadwick Boseman’s death, particularly in areas with a higher proportion of Black Americans. This reflects a heightened public awareness that can be leveraged to further educate the public.
Gaps and Future Challenges of Italian Apps for Pregnancy and Postnatal Care: Systematic Search on App Stores
Authors: Brunelli Laura , De Vita Chiara , Cenedese Fabrizio , Cinello Michela , Paris Marta , Samogizio Francesca , Starec Anja , Bava Michele , Dal Cin Margherita , Zanchiello Sara , Stampalija Tamara 
Published: May 2021

Background
Despite the availability of thousands of health apps worldwide, when considering those addressing children’s first 1000 days of life, most apps fail to consider the continuity between the prenatal and postnatal stages, and their joint impact on maternal and child health. The reliability, quality, and effectiveness of these apps are largely unknown, and the provided content seems questionable in terms of completeness, updating, and trustworthiness.

Objective
This study evaluates available Italian pregnancy and postnatal care apps to highlight the main gaps to be overcome and the resulting future challenges to be met in this mobile health–related field.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted on the Apple App Store and Google Play Store, and basic information was collected for all identified apps. After deduplication and further selection based on the exclusion criteria, an in-depth analysis of each app was performed by two researchers independently. A 71-item six-domain questionnaire about the desirable features of apps was used to assess information, functionalities, and technical features, while the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) was employed for app quality evaluation.

Results
From an initial sample of 684 apps, 22 were deeply analyzed. Most apps did not fulfill the expectations, as just one achieved 50% of all desirable aspects. Postnatal care and counselling for both the mother and child was the least accomplished domain. Moreover, the quality of app information was generally rated more negatively than the quality of their functionality and esthetic features. The lacking aspects were information about methods for postpartum family planning and birth spacing (1/22, 5%) and immunization (2/22, 9%).

Conclusions
The identified gaps could serve as a basis for designing and implementing increasingly high-quality, targeted, and effective apps for pregnancy and postnatal health care, which provide comprehensive, reliable, and evidence-based information, as well as appropriate esthetic and functional characteristics, with relevant implications in terms of maternal and newborn health prevention and promotion.
Hasil Positif Palsu dan Negatif Palsu pada Pemeriksaan Cepat Antibodi SARS CoV-2
Authors: Naully Patricia Gita , Nursidika Perdina 
Published: May 2021

Latar Belakang: Salah satu cara yang dilakukan Indonesia untuk mengendalikan dan mencegah penularan SARS CoV-2 sebagai penyebab COVID-19 adalah dengan menyediakan kit pemeriksaan cepat anti-SARS CoV-2. Metode pemeriksaan tersebut dapat mengatasi keterbatasan tenaga ahli dan alat laboratorium di Indonesia. Tujuan: Menentukan hasil pemeriksaan cepat anti-SARS CoV-2 pada masyarakat di Kecamatan Cimahi Tengah.Metode: Sebanyak 50 orang diambil sebagai sampel penelitian dengan menggunakan teknik quota sampling. Pemeriksaan cepat anti-SARS CoV-2 dilakukan dengan menggunakan imunokromatografi merek Lungene. Sampel penelitian yang reaktif diperiksa kembali dengan metode Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR).Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan dengan imunokromatografi, terdapat satu orang (2%) anti- SARS CoV-2 IgM reaktif dan tiga orang (6%) anti-SARS CoV-2 IgG reaktif. Pemeriksaan dengan qRT-PCR menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda. Keempat orang tersebut dinyatakan negatif COVID-19. Selain itu, satu orang (2%) yang mendapatkan hasil non-reaktif pada pemeriksaan cepat justru dinyatakan positif terinfeksi SARS CoV-2.Kesimpulan: Pemeriksaan cepat anti-SARS CoV-2 yang dilakukan di Kecamatan Cimahi Tengah kurang akurat karena terdapat empat (8%) hasil positif palsu dan satu (2%) hasil negatif palsu.
Implementasi Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) berbasis dalam Jaringan selama Pandemi Coronavirus Disease-19
Authors: Herlambang Penggalih Mahardika , Yana Dian Rudy , Riambodo Rido Muid , Sudaryanto Sudaryanto 
Published: May 2021

Latar Belakang: Kebijakan Study from Home (SfH) dan Work from Home (WfH) selama pandemi Coronavirus Disease-19 (Covid-19) berdampak pada proses pendidikan mahasiswa kedokteran, salah satunya dalam penyelenggaraan evaluasi keterampilan klinis atau Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Diperlukan sebuah model OSCE berbasis dalam jaringan (daring) agar uji kompetensi tetap berjalan dengan optimal.Tujuan: Mengembangkan model OSCE berbasis daring yang disesuaikan pada kondisi pandemi Covid-19.Metode: Metode observasional deskriptif digunakan melalui dua tahapan. Tahapan pertama meliputi proses pelaksanaan OSCE berbasis daring. Tahap kedua adalah evaluasi pelaksanaan melalui survei kuesioner online kepada 149 mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Wahid Hasyim yang mengikuti OSCE berbasis daring pada periode Agustus 2020.Hasil: Proses pelaksanaan OSCE berbasis daring meliputi tahap pra-OSCE, OSCE, dan pasca-OSCE. Pada evaluasi selama pra-OSCE, 79,5% mahasiswa menyebutkan bahwa sarana telah dipersiapkan dengan baik dan 46,1% menyebutkan bahwa informasi yang disampaikan saat technical meeting jelas. Pada tahap pelaksanaan, 91,3% mahasiswa menyebutkan soal OSCE jelas, 65,9% memiliki koneksi internet dan komunikasi berjalan lancar, 53% menyebutkan dukungan technical support baik, dan 88% menyatakan waktu pengerjaan cukup.Kesimpulan: Pelaksanaan OSCE berbasis daring dapat diimplementasikan. Meskipun demikian, dukungan teknis dan persiapan yang matang diperlukan sehingga dalam pelaksanaannya tetap berlangsung secara efektif.
Origin Storytelling in Faculty Well-being: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nutting Ruth , Nilsen Kari , Walling Anne , Level Elaine 
Published: May 2021

Background and Objectives: In 2020, approximately 47% of family physicians reported burnout. For physicians, professional burnout is implicated in damage to relationships, increased rates of alcohol and/or substance abuse, depression, and suicide. Professional isolation can be a major contributor to burnout. Organizational interventions targeted at promoting workplace community and collegiality have been effective in decreasing professional isolation. This study sought to decrease professional isolation and promote collegiality among family medicine faculty through an origin storytelling group.
Methods: Family medicine faculty of a residency program in the Midwestern United States were invited to participate in an 8-week origin storytelling group. At the end of the study, individual interviews were offered for participants to reflect on the perceived impact of the process. Additionally, 1 year poststudy, open-ended email responses were invited to assess lasting effects of collegiality.
Results: Fifty percent (12/24) of eligible faculty members participated in the study. Participants who completed one-on-one structured interviews shared their perspectives of the study, which allowed for the importance of the study and next directions to be identified. One-year postcompletion of the study, participants described continued changes they experienced from these groups, via open-ended, email response.
Conclusion: Storytelling groups can provide acceptable, valuable, and easily-implemented contributions to initiatives that enhance physician faculty well-being.
The Financing Decision, Size and Firm Value: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Hasnawati Sri 
Published: May 2021

This study intends to conduct a non-systematic literature review on empirical and theoretical studies of capital structure policies in relation to firm value, as well as reviewing its nature and dimensions. Until now, no consensus has emerged, and the results cannot be concluded. This study also tries to include empirical of capital structure policies and firm value from various countries, which show that the phenomenon of capital structure policies and firm value differs from one country to another. Various discussions on capital structure policies and firm value have resulted in a literature review and its development over time. Another development is the link between capital structure and size. Size can determine the company's capital structure related to access to sources of financing. Generally, large companies are easier to obtain external financing sources than small companies.

Keywords: Capital Structure, Size, Firm value
TESTING PLANT FOR ENGINE WITH ENERGY EFFICIENT COOLING SYSTEM
Authors: Pokusaev Mikhail Nikolaevich , Trifonov Alexei Viktorovich , Kostyrenko Vasiliy Aleksandrovich 
Published: May 2021

The article focuses on developing a new testing system for the Iveco 8041I06 55 R900 engine in the laboratory “Marine Diesels” under Astrakhan state technical university in the event of modernizing the test benches with ship engines. There has been considered creating an ex-perimental unit for conducting heat-balance tests of a marine engine using modern measurement and control tools. The unit consists of a converted engine powered by a generator. The engine will be tested according to the generator characteristic. There is given the data on the main technical parameters of the tested engine and on the potential configuration of the instrument base. As a load for the generator, it is planned to use a resistive load device. A fuel micro-meter will be used to measure the fuel consumption. Flow meters are selected for measuring the flow rates. Heat carriers and temperature sensors are selected for measuring temperature of the exhaust gases. The parameters of the engine under consideration are compared with the requirements of the Russian River Register for marine engines. The scope of work on converting an industrial engine into a marine engine in terms of the modernization of the cooling system has been described. The unit is designed to study the ship's cooling system operation, in which the control is carried out by changing the speed of the suspended pump depending on the temperature of the seawater. There was selected
a pump and a device to regulating its rotating speed. The positive effect is achieved by reducing the power consumed by the pump. It saves the fuel and reduces the environmental damage due to the lower carbon dioxide emissions