bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESTENOSE VAGINAL PÓS-BRAQUITERAPIA: OCORRÊNCIAS E REPERCUSSÕES EM MULHERES COM CÂNCER GINECOLÓGICO
Authors: Pikula Debblye , Fabicz Silvânia , Carmo Rafael De Lima , Araújo Jeferson Santos , Rosa Luciana Martins da , Conceição Vander Monteiro da 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: identificar a ocorrência da estenose vaginal pós-braquiterapia ginecológica e suas repercussões na perspectiva das mulheres.Método: estudo quanti-qualitativo, com desenho comparativo com corte longitudinal, envolvendo 23 mulheres; e com desenho interpretativo envolvendo sete mulheres, sustentado pelo referencial teórico da cultura. Ambos realizados em um serviço de radioterapia oncológica no sul do Brasil. A coleta dos dados foi realizada em 2019, sendo submetidos à estatística descritiva e análise temática.Resultados: constatou-se que 22 das participantes apresentaram estenose vaginal em algum momento da avaliação, sendo o grau 1 mais incidente. Das repercussões, identificou-se o sofrimento durante a prática sexual e a falta de compreensão do parceiro.Conclusão: a estenose vaginal repercute além da fisiologia da mulher, implicando em aspectos físicos e emocionais. Logo, esta pesquisa fornece subsídios para a tomada de decisões de enfermeiros, profissionais de saúde e gestores para intervir nas repercussões da estenose vaginal pós-braquiterapia ginecológica.
FATORES RELACIONADOS À DESESPERANÇA EM UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Lima Camylla Layanny Soares , Veloso Lorena Uchôa Portela , Lira Jefferson Abraão Caetano , Silva Andressa Gislanny Nunes , Rocha Ângela Raquel Cruz , Conceição Bentinelis Braga 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: identificar fatores relacionados à desesperança em universitários.Método: estudo transversal, realizado em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior no estado do Piauí - Brasil, em 2017, com 142 estudantes dos cursos de saúde. Utilizou-se a Escala de Desesperança de Beck, Escala de Ideação Suicida de Beck e questionário socioeconômico e acadêmico. Os dados foram analisados utilizando os testes exato de Fisher, Mann-Whitney e Kruskall-Wallis.Resultados: dos estudantes com ideação suicida, 24 (77,4%) apresentaram nível de desesperança severa. Maiores médias na Escala de Desesperança foram observadas em estudantes do sexo masculino, que não frequentavam o curso desejado, com relato de insegurança quanto ao futuro profissional, usuários de álcool e outras drogas, com histórico de tentativa de suicídio, bullying e de humor deprimido.Conclusão: A desesperança correlaciona-se com a presença de ideação suicida e baixo rendimento acadêmico, destacando a importância de ações de apoio físico, mental e de saúde acadêmica.
Het grensgebied als waterbed voor drugscriminaliteit?
Authors: Ceulen Rik , Van Nimwegen Stephan , Spapens Toine 
Published: July 2021

The border area as a waterbed for drug crime?
This paper concerns the question whether in the period 2011-2017 displacement effects occurred from the Netherlands to Belgium in the context of synthetic drugs production, cannabis cultivation, and retail of illicit drugs, and if so, how these may be explained. We conclude that displacement took place in modi operandi of retail drug dealers. This is explained foremost by the policy of banning non-residents from Dutch coffeeshops in border region municipalities. Dealers and traffickers responded by switching to local distribution in Belgium as well as deliveries by drug couriers. The synthetic drugs and cannabis cultivation markets show minor changes in modi operandi, but no changes occurred in choosing production locations. Displacement effects in the context of organized drug crime must be explained from a range of factors. Reality is therefore more complex than assuming that government interventions are the main cause of a balloon effect.
‘Laat je niet misleiden door afwijkende prijzen’
Authors: Roks Robby , Hendriksen Joëlle 
Published: July 2021

‘Don’t be fooled by abnormal prices’. An exploratory study on the ambiguity of trustworthiness of cocaine dealers on Telegram Messenger
In order to advance our understanding of digital drug markets on social media, this article examines the trustworthiness of cocaine dealers on Telegram Messenger. Based on an exploratory netnography, we illustrate that digital dealers on Telegram Messenger use a number of sales tactics to attract potential customers, emphasizing the quality of the goods and service and (competitive) pricing strategies. These sales tactics include various signals that seem intended to appear as trustworthy as possible to potential customers. Seen from the perspective of signaling theory, our study highlights the ambiguity of these signals that, depending on the online observer, could both signal trustworthiness and untrustworthiness.
Living with a partly amputated face, doing facial difference
Authors: Yaron Gili 
Published: July 2021

Disability studies as an academic field has long sought to highlight the lived experiences of people with disabilities, thereby giving voice to a population that has been the object of much discourse but rarely its subject. Despite the field’s engagement with various conditions, there is limited scholarly work on the personal meanings of amputation and prosthetics usage. Experiences associated with the loss of part(s) of the face, in particular, have remained uncharted. In this article, I address this lacuna by drawing on interviews with twenty affected individuals. Situating their accounts in contemporary scholarship on bodily difference within the humanities and social sciences, I demonstrate that losing part(s) of the face calls for various ways of ‘doing’ difference in everyday life. This empirical-philosophical analysis serves three purposes. On an empirical level, the article unpacks the everyday doing of facial difference, showing it simultaneously involves social, embodied, and material dimensions. On a practical level, this integrative understanding of facial difference complements prevalent approaches to ‘disfi gurement’ that construe it as an individual—biomedical or psychosocial—problem. On a theoretical level the article clarifi es and advances the concept of doing, which plays a key role in gender studies, phenomenology, and science and technology studies.
Hvordan blir demens forstått? En dokumentanalyse
Authors: Mittner Lilli , Bockwoldt Juliane , Lotherington Ann Therese 
Published: July 2021

Globalt får demens økende oppmerksomhet (OECD 2018). I Norge har myndighetene publisert en rekke dokumenter som skal veilede helse- og omsorgssektoren og gi råd til samfunnet om hvordan demens kan forstås og møtes.
Målet med denne rapporten er å utforske hvordan demens blir forstått på tvers av sektorer og hvilke anbefalinger som gis til helsepersonell, pårørende og andre som i hverdagen møter mennesker som lever med demens.
Følgende dokumenter har blitt med i utvalget:

Demensplan 2020 og Demensplan 2025 (Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet)
Nasjonal faglig retningslinje 2020 (Helsedirektoratet)
Leve hele livet. En kvalitetsreform for eldre 2017-2018 (Stortingsmelding)
Film «Hva er demens?» 2018 (Nasjonalforeningen for folkehelsen)
Film «Hva er demens?» 2020 (Nasjonal kompetansetjeneste for aldring og helse)

I kapittel 2 presenterer vi først utvalget av dokumenter, deretter utdrag fra dokumentene som viser hvordan demens blir forstått og hvilke tiltak som anbefales. I kapittel 3 diskuterer vi resultatene basert på en analysemetode utviklet av Carol Bacchi (2009). Denne metoden er et verktøy utviklet for å undersøke hvordan et fenomen blir forstått og hva spesifikke forståelser av fenomenet betyr for de mulighetene og begrensningene vi har for konkret handling. Rapporten gir dermed innsikt i hvordan demens blir forstått i de enkelte dokumentene, hvilke premisser forståelsene bygger på, og hvilke effekter de aktuelle forståelsene av demens får for utvikling og iverksetting av tiltak.
Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Smilax zeylanica Linn. in Wistar Rats
Authors: Shaik Rasheed Ahemad , Ahmad Fazil , Aleem Mohammed Abdul 
Published: July 2021

Background: Smilax zeylanica Linn (Smilaceae) is a woody climbing shrub native to Asia's tropical and subtropical highlands. Traditionally, this plant has been widely used to cure a variety of ailments. Smilax zeylanica stem bark was extracted with ethanol to test its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties.
Objective: To study the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic stem bark extract of Smilax zeylanica Linn. in Wistar rats.
Methods: The antinociceptive activity has been assessed in mice by formalin-induced paw licking, Eddy’s hot-plate, and acetic-acid induced abdominal stretching models. Carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats has been conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory activity. Tween 80 (10ml/kg, p.o) was given to the control group, test drug group received ethanol extract of Smilax zeylanica (EESZ) orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, and standard drugs morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c), diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg, i.p) were injected to the standard drug group.
Results: Oral administration of ethanolic extract of Smilax zeylanica (EESZ) at test doses (200 and 400 mg/kg), produced a significant decrease of the paw licking time for 2 phases (neurogenic and inflammatory) in the formalin test, upsurge of the reaction time in Eddy’s hot plate test, and significantly decreased the abdominal stretching in the acetic acid-induced writhes test. Ethanol extract of Smilax zeylanica significantly decreased the carrageenan-induced paw oedema.
Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Smilax zeylanica possesses antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory activity, probably involving central and peripheral pathways
Massive fetomaternal hemorrhage
Authors: Tsuda H. , Matsumoto M. , Sutoh Y. , Hidaka A. , Imanaka M. , Miyazaki A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe evaluated the potential prognostic factors for fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH). Sinusoidal heart rate pattern and decrease in fetal movement are considered important signs of FMH. However these findings were detected in only two of six cases of FMH and were thought to be late signs of FMH. Fetal hemoglobin levels in the maternal circulation for infants born alive following FMH were less than 5%. Our findings suggest that this amount of blood loss could cause fetal death.
Morphology of NADPH‐diaphorase‐positive cells in the retinoceptive layers of the developing rat superior colliculus
Authors: Teno´rio F. , Giraldi‐Guimara˜es A. , Mendez‐Otero R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe have used diaphorase histochemistry to study the morphology of cells expressing nitric oxide synthase in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus of developing and adult rats. The nitric oxide synthase‐positive cells showed a Golgi‐like morphology and were classified according to the cell types identified by several authors using the Golgi method. The first nitric oxide synthase‐positive cells appeared at postnatal day 7 and the number of stained cells increased progressively reaching a maximum at postnatal day 15. The poor staining of the dendritic tree and cell bodies in animals younger than postnatal day 15 allowed no unambiguous identification of the different cell types before that age. At postnatal day 15, based on cell soma and dendritic morphology, we have found that the following cell types express nitric oxide synthase: marginal, horizontal, narrow and wide‐field vertical and stellate. In the adult, the same cell types were found to express nitric oxide synthase but the staining intensity and frequency of each cell type was different from the developing animal. Our results show that cells expressing nitric oxide synthase constitute a subpopulation of neurons in which all cell types are represented. Furthermore, our observations of nitric oxide synthase expression by collicular cells starting by the end of the first postnatal week and reaching a maximum by postnatal day 15 parallels the functional development of the retino‐colliculur and cortico‐tectal projections and suggest that nitric oxide synthase‐positive cells might be involved in this process.
On the merits and pitfalls of critical chain scheduling
Authors: Herroelen Willy , Leus Roel 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe direct application of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) to project management, known as Critical Chain Scheduling and Buffer Management (CC/BM), has recently emerged as one of the most popular approaches to project management. It is the objective of this paper to highlight the merits and pitfalls of the CC/BM scheduling approach. Following a short overview of the fundamentals of CC/BM, the strengths and weaknesses of the approach are put into perspective, based on a critical analysis of the literature as well as our own experimentation with commercial CC/BM software. The CC/BM scheduling mechanism is tested in a full factorial experiment performed on a set of benchmark problems. It appears that the 50% rule for buffer sizing may lead to a serious overestimation of the required buffer protection. Regularly updating the baseline schedule and the critical chain provides the best intermediate estimates of the final project duration and yields the smallest final project duration. Using clever project scheduling and rescheduling mechanisms such as branch‐and‐bound, has a beneficiary effect on the final makespan.
A comparative study of the distribution of α‐ and γ‐enolase subunits in cultured rat neural cells and fibroblasts
Authors: Deloulme J.C. , Helies A. , Ledig M. , Lucas M. , Sensenbrenner M. 
Published: July 2002

Abstractwe report the presence and distribution of α (ubiquitous) and γ (neuron‐specific) subunits of the dimeric glycolytic enzyme enolase (2‐phospho‐D‐glycerate hydrolase) in cultured neural cells. The γγ enolase is found in vivo at high levels only in neurons and neuroendocrine cells. Neuronal cells in culture also contain relatively high levels of αγ and γγ enolase. Here we show, by enzymatic and immunological techniques, that the γ subunit also is expressed in cultured rat astrocytes and meningeal fibroblasts and, as we previously reported, in oligodendrocytes. Both neuron‐specific isoforms αγ and γγ are expressed in all these cells, but the αα isoform accounts for the major part of total enolase activity. The sum of αγ and γγ enolase activities increases with time in culture, i.e. maturation processes, reaching the highest level in oligodendrocytes (40% of total enolase activity) and 15 and 10% of total enzymatic activity in astrocytes and fibroblasts, respectively. The γ enolase transcripts were found not only in cultured neuronal cells but also in cultured oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and meningeal fibroblasts. Our data indicate that neuron‐specific enolase should be used with caution as a specific marker for neuronal cell differentiation.
Pre‐ and postnatal expression of glycoconjugates (3‐fucosyl‐N‐acetyllactosamine and HNK‐1 epitopes) in the mouse inner ear
Authors: Gottesberge A.M.Meyer Zum , Mai J.K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe distribution of two glycoconjugates 3‐fucosyl‐N‐acetyllactosamine (CD15) and HNK‐1 epitope (CD57) in the inner ear of the NMRI mouse was analysed from the eighth day of gestation to the 16th day after birth. CD15 epitope distribution is developmentally regulated. The up‐ and down‐regulation of expression, the change in the number of cells which are positive, the ingrowth of CD15‐positive cells and their distribution, intracellular and/or cell‐surface‐associated expression, all assume a characteristic appearance at each developmental stage. Distribution of CD57 documented the nerve outgrowth and formation of the innervation of the vestibular apparatus and cochlear duct. Correlation between CD15 and CD57 expression patterns revealed differences in the interaction of the ingrowing fibres and epithelial tissue between the vestibular organ and the cochlea and differences in the development of the cristae and maculae.
Achieving appropriate endpoints in heart failure trials: the PRIME‐II protocol
Authors: Hampton J.R. , Van Veldhuisen D.J. , Cowley A.J. , Kleber F.X. , Charlesworth A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMany clinical trials unintentionally include patients with a low risk of the trial endpoints. PRIME II (The Second Perspective Randomised study of Ibopamine on Mortality and Efficacy) was a large international randomised double blind trial comparing the addition of ibopamine or placebo to the therapy of patients with advanced heart failure. The trial was stopped prematurely because ibopamine was associated with an increased fatality rate, but the protocol achieved its objective of including high‐risk patients. Here we describe the protocol details that enabled patients with the desired degree of risk to be included. We also amplify our definition of mode of death. The PRIME II protocol was designed with the intention that patients in the placebo group would have an annual fatality rate of 20%. Since the study was to be conducted in some 200 centres in 13 European countries, the inclusion criteria had to be simple and flexible, allowing for different clinical practice. The inclusion criteria, together with the use of simple investigations (which did not have to include angiographic or radionuclide ventriculography) are described. The annual fatality rate in the placebo group was just over 20%. Six categories of mode of death were used, but while they were reasonably easy to apply they did not reveal the reason for the unexpected adverse effect of ibopamine. The inclusion and exclusion criteria used for PRIME II, and the definitions of mode of death, were effective. The PRIME II protocol can be used as a model for future heart failure studies.
Amlodipine reduces myocardial ischaemia during exercise without compromising left ventricular function in patients with silent ischaemia: a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Bech Jan , Madsen Jan Kyst , Kelbæk Henning 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:Left ventricular systolic function is reduced during episodes of silent ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). In most normal subjects left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increases at least 5% during exercise whereas LVEF often remains unchanged or decreases in patients with CAD. The anti‐ischaemic effect of calcium antagonists is well documented including a capability to reduce exercise‐induced electrocardiographic ST‐depressions, whereas the effect of these drugs on LV volume changes during exercise in patients with silent ischaemia is unknown.Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of amlodipine on rest and exercise LVEF in patients with silent ischaemia.Methods:Twenty‐one patients completed a double‐blind placebo‐controlled cross‐over study. Conventional exercise test and radionuclide cardiographies during exercise were used for determining haemodynamic parameters.
Results:Exercise‐induced electrocardiographic ST‐depressions were reduced in 83% of the patients having ST‐deviations during placebo even though 10 patients were already treated with a beta‐blocker. Amlodipine did not affect left ventricular systolic function compared to placebo, neither at rest nor during exercise.Conclusion:The results indicated that amlodipine is a safe anti‐ischaemic drug in patients with silent ischaemia concerning cardiac function.
Antithrombotic therapy in heart failure: a randomized comparison of warfarin vs. aspirin (HELAS)
Authors: Cokkinos Dennis V. , Toutouzas Pavlos K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIt is uncertain whether anti‐thrombotic treatment reduces the incidence of thrombo‐embolism in patients with heart failure, so there is a need for a large scale controlled study to assess the effects of anti‐thrombotic therapy in this setting. We report the design of a randomized controlled multicenter double blind trial examining the effects of aspirin, warfarin and placebo in patients with heart failure on the risk of thrombo‐embolism. We planned to recruit 6000 patients with heart failure without contraindications to anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents and to follow them for a mean time of 2 years following randomization. The study was planned to determine the rate of thrombo‐embolic and haemorrhagic events and death among patients randomized to aspirin, warfarin and placebo, stratified according to the presence or absence of underlying coronary disease. Ancillary studies parallel to the main study will attempt to identify clinical and echocardiographic risk factors for thrombo‐embolism and will also examine whether hemostatic or neurohormonal mechanisms contribute to an increase in the risk of thrombo‐embolism in patients with heart failure. We hoped that the results of the study would improve the clinical management and cost‐effectiveness of treatment for patients with heart failure. However, the recruitment of patients proved more difficult than expected and a number of centers decided not to participate. To avoid a great delay it was decided by the principal investigators and submitted to the executive committee to terminate enrolment in this study when 300 patients had been enrolled, and accept that this is a pilot study.
Supporting the Employed Breastfeeding Mother
Authors: Zinn Beverley 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThe number of women in the workforce is continuing to increase and surveys suggest that one‐fourth of employed women with a child less than 1 year of age will be concurrently breastfeeding and working for at least 1 month. Combining breastfeeding and employment is a complex process in American society. Women will be seeking practical, sound advice on how to be successful in this combination. This article offers suggestions for promoting its success, describes the preplanning that needs to occur, and provides current lactation recommendations and resources. It also offers information about working with employers, the importance of a support network, decisions that each family must make, the use of breast pumps, milk storage, lactation enhancement including the use of herbs, and practical tips for the mother's working day.