bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infertile Women's Perceptions of Infertility: A Phenomenological Study
Based on Metaphor Analysis
Authors: Kirca Nurcan , Celik Aslı Sis 
Published: February 2021

Backround:
Infertility is an increasing health problem which affects 10-15% of couples across the world. Infertility can cause various psychosocial problems such as stress, anxiety, depression, loneliness, social isolation and stigmatization during the diagnosis and treatment process.

Objective:
The study was designed to reveal what kinds of cognitive images (metaphors) women produce in defining infertility, why they produce them and whether the metaphors produced by them differ depending on their professional culture.

Methods:
This study is a qualitative research carried out based on metaphor analysis in phenomenology design. The study was conducted with 15 participants. The data were collected by the researcher between May-July 2019.

Results:
The metaphors revealed by participants on what infertility meant to them, according to their Professional culture, included dry and fruitless tree, a defective human, cube, cactus and rose, empty tin can, hope and snowdrop, orzo, parasite, national lottery ticket, stock market, figures, surprise egg, bird, a slowly filled lake, and a disease that is very difficult to treat for infertility.

Conclusion:
Metaphors reflect the beliefs, values and norms of individuals. According to the findings, we can understand and comment infertile women’s perceptions on infertility and what the infertility means for them.
Comparison of Amniotic Fluid Index and Single Deepest Vertical Pocket
Authors: Shivananda Roopa Padavagodu , Anbu Rekha , Rao Shubha , Hegde Nivedita , Mundkur Anjali Suneel , Hebbar Shripad 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The best method of estimation of amniotic fluid volume is a matter of ongoing
debate.

Objectives:
To determine the perinatal & maternal outcomes in pregnant patients when the amniotic
fluid volume was assessed by the amniotic fluid index (AFI) in comparison to the single deepest
vertical pocket (SDVP).

Methods:
We studied abnormal Cardiotocograph, meconium stained amniotic fluid, birth weight
<2.5kg, Apgar score at 5 min <7, cord blood pH <7.2 & necessity for NICU admission as perinatal
outcomes. Rate of diagnosis of oligohydramnios, induction of labor for oligohydramnios & mode
of delivery were observed in maternal outcomes.

Results:
Of the 697 pregnant patients recruited, 353 were in the AFI and 344 in the SDVP group.
Perinatal outcomes were similar in both. In the AFI group, the number of women diagnosed with
oligohydramnios was higher (p = 0.0333) & the rate of induction was also higher (p = 0.003378).
Vaginal deliveries were more in the SDVP group. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curves
showed statistically significant correlation with NICU stay, birth-weight, and mode of delivery.
While an AFI of >5cm and SDVP of >1.9cm had good sensitivity in predicting babies with a birth
weight of ≥ 2.5kg and avoiding NICU admissions, an AFI of > 5.8cm and an SDVP of > 1.9 cm
had a sensitivity of around 80% in predicting successful vaginal deliveries.

Conclusion:
The SDVP method has a slight edge over the AFI in terms of lower inductions and
higher vaginal deliveries with comparable perinatal outcomes.
Epidemiological and Maternal Features of Maternal Mortality in the West
of Iran: Hamadan, 2011-2019
Authors: Shirzad Azam Ali , Jalili Ebrahim , Shahbazi Fatemeh , Bahrami Hasan , Khazaei Salman , Ghelichkhani Samereh 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Maternal mortality is an important public health problem that is perceived as a sensitive indicator of the socioeconomic status and healthcare services.

Objective:
This study aims to describe the epidemiological features of maternal mortality in Hamadan province in western Iran.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 50 maternal deaths that occurred in all hospitals and delivery places in the Hamadan province from March 2011 to January 2019 were studied for epidemiological features and history of pregnancy care of maternal death. Finally, the extracted data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in Stata software version 14.

Results:
Our findings show that the mortality due to pregnancy and childbirth was 18.07 per 100,000 live birth. The majority of maternal death occurred in women aged 20-34 years living in urban areas who were mostly housewives. Kabudrahang and Razan towns had the highest maternal rate.

Conclusions:
The present study revealed that maternal mortality is higher among women aged 20-34 years (mainly housewives) living in urban areas. Cesarean delivery, having a history of abortion, and gestational age under 37 weeks were other factors associated with maternal death. Therefore, it is suggested to direct the focus of pregnancy care and training programs on these high-risk groups.
Evaluating 3D-printed Bolus Compared to Conventional Bolus Types Used in External Beam Radiation Therapy
Authors: McCallum Stephanie , Maresse Sharon , Fearns Peter 
Published: February 2021

Background:
When treating superficial tumors with external beam radiation therapy, bolus
is often used. Bolus increases surface dose, reduces dose to underlying tissue, and improves
dose homogeneity.

Introduction:
The conventional bolus types used clinically in practice have some disadvantages.
The use of Three-Dimensional (3D) printing has the potential to create more effective boluses. CT
data is used for dosimetric calculations for these treatments and often to manufacture the customized
3D-printed bolus.

Purpose:
The aim of this review is to evaluate the published studies that have compared 3D-printed
bolus against conventional bolus types.

Methods and Results:
A systematic search of several databases and a further appraisal for relevance
and eligibility resulted in the 14 articles used in this review. The 14 articles were analyzed
based on their comparison of 3D-printed bolus and at least one conventional bolus type.

Conclusion:
The findings of this review indicated that 3D-printed bolus has a number of advantages.
Compared to conventional bolus types, 3D-printed bolus was found to have equivalent or improved
dosimetric measures, positional accuracy, fit, and uniformity. 3D-printed bolus was also
found to benefit workflow efficiency through both time and cost effectiveness. However, factors
such as patient comfort and staff perspectives need to be further explored to support the use of 3Dprinted
bolus in routine practice.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Chalcones Bearing an Imidazo[ 1,2-a]pyridine Moiety
Authors: Soltani Siavash Salek , Farnia S. Morteza F. , Foroumadi Alireza 
Published: February 2021

Aim and Objective:
Herein, A series of new imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-chalcone derivatives
3a-m were designed and synthesized to find a new class of antibacterial agents. These compounds
were prepared by the aldol condensation of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde
2a-b with acetophenone derivatives and other aromatic acetyls. High reaction yields were obtained
in a short reaction time, through applying this multi-step pathway.

Materials and Methods:
In vitro antibacterial activities of the synthesized imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinechalcones
were measured against S. aureus, B. subtilis and E. coli with MIC values of 32 -128
μg/mL. Finally, essential structural analyses such as CHN and NMR spectroscopies were used to
identify the synthesized chalcones based on imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives.

Results:
The results showed that most of the products presented moderate to good antibacterial activities.
Compounds 3b, 3d, 3g, 3l and 3m revealed obvious potency against S. aureus, B. subtilis
and E. coli with MIC values of 32 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL, which were better when compared with
other chalcones.

Conclusion:
The synthesized antibacterial compounds were obtained with appealing advantages
such as high purity, simple pathway, good to excellent yields, inexpensive and easy availability of
materials as well as good activities against bacteria. So in this work, a new class of antibacterial
chalcones based on imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine has been reported.
Awareness and Potential Impacts of the Medicalization of Internet Gaming Disorder: Cross-sectional Survey Among Adolescents in China
Authors: Yu Yanqiu , Li Ji-Bin , Lau Joseph T F 
Published: February 2021

Background
The Eleventh Revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) newly listed gaming disorder, including internet gaming disorder (IGD), as a disease. The level of awareness and potential positive and negative impacts of this medicalization among adolescents were unknown.

Objective
This study investigated the levels, associated factors, and potential positive and negative impacts of awareness of the medicalization of IGD among adolescents in China.

Methods
In a cross-sectional survey, 1343 middle school students in Guangzhou, China, self-administered an anonymous questionnaire in classrooms (October to December 2019). Three risk subgroups were identified: those who scored ≥5 items in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition checklist (IGD-S), those who self-perceived having IGD currently (IGD-PC), and those who self-perceived having IGD within 12 months (IGD-P12M).

Results
Of the internet gamers, 48.3% (460/952) were aware of the medicalization of IGD; they were more likely to belong to the IGD-P12M/IGD-S risk subgroups. Within the IGD-PC/IGD-P12M (but not IGD-S) risk subgroups, IGD medicalization awareness was positively associated with favorable outcomes (reduced internet gaming time in the past 12 months, seeking help from professionals if having IGD, and fewer maladaptive cognitions). After being briefed about the ICD-11 inclusion of IGD, 54.2% (516/952) and 32.8% (312/952) expressed that it would lead to the reduction of gaming time and help-seeking behaviors, respectively; however, 17.9% (170/952), 21.5% (205/952), 15.9% (151/952), and 14.5% (138/952) perceived self-doubt for being diseased, stronger pressure from family members, negative emotional responses, and labeling effect, respectively. With a few exceptions, such perceived positive or negative impacts were stronger among the IGD-S, IGD-PC, and IGD-P12M risk subgroups.

Conclusions
The exploratory study shows that the medicalization of IGD may have benefits that need maximization and potentially harmful effects that need minimization. Future studies should test the efficacies of health promotion that increases IGD medicalization awareness.
Internet-Based Individualized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Shift Work Sleep Disorder Empowered by Well-Being Prediction: Protocol for a Pilot Study
Authors: Ito-Masui Asami , Kawamoto Eiji , Sakamoto Ryota , Yu Han , Sano Akane , Motomura Eishi , Tanii Hisashi , Sakano Shoko , Esumi Ryo , Imai Hiroshi , Shimaoka Motomu 
Published: February 2021

Background
Shift work sleep disorders (SWSDs) are associated with the high turnover rates of nurses, and are considered a major medical safety issue. However, initial management can be hampered by insufficient awareness. In recent years, it has become possible to visualize, collect, and analyze the work-life balance of health care workers with irregular sleeping and working habits using wearable sensors that can continuously monitor biometric data under real-life settings. In addition, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for psychiatric disorders has been shown to be effective. Application of wearable sensors and machine learning may potentially enhance the beneficial effects of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy.

Objective
In this study, we aim to develop and evaluate the effect of a new internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for SWSD (iCBTS). This system includes current methods such as medical sleep advice, as well as machine learning well-being prediction to improve the sleep durations of shift workers and prevent declines in their well-being.

Methods
This study consists of two phases: (1) preliminary data collection and machine learning for well-being prediction; (2) intervention and evaluation of iCBTS for SWSD. Shift workers in the intensive care unit at Mie University Hospital will wear a wearable sensor that collects biometric data and answer daily questionnaires regarding their well-being. They will subsequently be provided with an iCBTS app for 4 weeks. Sleep and well-being measurements between baseline and the intervention period will be compared.

Results
Recruitment for phase 1 ended in October 2019. Recruitment for phase 2 has started in October 2020. Preliminary results are expected to be available by summer 2021.

Conclusions
iCBTS empowered with well-being prediction is expected to improve the sleep durations of shift workers, thereby enhancing their overall well-being. Findings of this study will reveal the potential of this system for improving sleep disorders among shift workers.

Trial Registration
UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000036122 (phase 1), UMIN000040547 (phase 2); https://tinyurl.com/dkfmmmje, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000046284

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/24799
THE USE OF REFLECTION FOR SPIRITUAL CARE LEARNING IN CLINICAL EDUCATION: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Anastasia Gisella , Suhoyo Yoyo , Utomo Prattama Santoso , Widyandana Doni 
Published: February 2021

Background: Indonesian society assume spirituality as an important aspect in life especially in sickness. Spiritual care can restore patients’ quality of life by providing them comfort, strength, and compassion. Because lack of education about spiritual care, doctors often feel not fully equipped. Reflection has proven to increase awareness of spiritual care, but the impact of this method still needs further research. This study aims to explore the impact of reflection on student awareness about spiritual care.Methods: This study used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis with reflective writing and in-depth interview. Nine clinical medical students divided into four groups which was facilitated by clinical teacher. Intervention were three reflective writings interspersed with two small group discussion. The writings were analyzed using Transtheoretical Model to identify behavioral change then content analysis for the transcript to explore the study’s impact and the feasibility.Results: Five students increased their awareness because clinical experience, time-management, writing volume, and reflective thinking. Three students increase faster because learning from peers, engage with patient, and role-model. Two students increase slower because lack understanding of reflection and incorrect facilitators’ feedbacks. Two students stable because lack understanding of discussion and low engagement with patient. One student experienced a decrease because lack of task-commitment and interest. One student did not get awareness because difficulty interpreting emotions.Conclusion: Reflection method can be used to teach spiritual care to clinical medical students by considering several factors that might play a role. Further research with improvement to the method is still needed. Keywords: Spiritual care; spirituality; reflection; clinical medical student
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОГО ПРОБОЯ ГАЗОВОЙ ИЗОЛЯЦИИ ЭЛЕКТРОСТАТИЧЕСКОГО УСКОРИТЕЛЯ
Authors: Игнатьев Игорь 
Published: February 2021

Для расчета пробивного напряжения высоковольтных структур наиболее универсальным является статистический метод, основанный на численном моделировании вероятности пробоя системы газоизолированных электродов (законе роста). Метод был адаптирован автором для высоковольтных ускорителей прямого действия и совершенствовался на протяжении более чем двадцати лет.
В статье рассмотрено применение метода расчёта рабочего напряжения высоковольтной газоизолированной структуры на основе закона роста (преобразования масштаба).
Путем анализа расчетных и экспериментальных данных для электростатического ускорителя на напряжение 2 мегавольта проведена верификация метода для случая газовой изоляции на основе бинарной смеси азота N2 и гексафторида серы (элегаза) SF6 .
Для ускорителя «СОКОЛ» Института прикладной физики Национальной Академии наук Украины рассчитан оптимальный состав смеси.
Погрешность расчёта составляет величину порядка точности измерения напряжения на высоковольтном электроде ускорителя.
Предлагаемый метод расчёта электрической прочности в дальнейшем предполагается использовать для оптимизации высоковольтной структуры электростатических ускорителей с целью повышения надёжности работы установки.

Ключевые слова: электрический пробой, высоковольтная структура, электростатический ускоритель, азот, гексафторид серы.

Breakdown voltage of high-voltage structures is generally calculated with a statistic method based on numerical modeling of a breakdown probability in a gas-insulated electrode system. The method was adjusted by the author to the direct voltage accelerators and has been improved for more than twenty years.
The article considers a method for calculating the operating voltage of high-voltage gas isolation for a 2 MeV proton accelerator. The method was verified for gas isolation with a binary nitrogen (N2) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) mixture, through analysis of calculated and experimental data for the 2 MeV electrostatic accelerator.
The best composition of the mixture for the "SOKOL" accelerator at Institute of Applied Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine has been calculated.
Calculation accuracy is the order of accuracy of voltage measurement at the high-voltage electrode of the accelerator.
The suggested method for calculating the insulation strength is expected to be further used in enhancing high-voltage structure of electrostatic accelerators in an effort to improve their operational reliability.
Keywords: breakdown voltage, electrostatic generator, accelerator, nitrogen, sulfur hexafluoride.
ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN USAHATANI KELAPA DI KECAMATAN PADANGSIDIMPUAN BATUNADUA
Authors: Dongoran Faisal Rahman 
Published: February 2021

As a traditional crop, coconut is a versatile plant (tree of life) and has an economic value that is good enough to be developed particularly in the context of community economic development. This study aims to determine the effect of input variables X1 (Wide Land), X2 (Labor Costs), and X3 (Cost Fertilizer) against the benefits of coconut farm in the district Padangsidimpuan Batunadua. Analytical model used is the Cobb-Douglas profit function with the help of Eviews v5.1 application.The results showed that simultaneous variables X1, X2, and X3 affect the benefits of coconut farm with F-stat is 1728,765. partially each variable as: X1 shows a positive and significant impact on profits by ilai tcount 53.811 and Prob. Of 0.000., X2 showed positive and significant influence on profits by the value of 21.503 tcount and Prob. Of 0.000., and X3 shows a negative influence to the value of -2.511 tcount and Prob. Of 0.0138. Furthermore, from the obtained values for the regression coefficient of 0.9834 X1 means any addition of land area per ha will increase the gain of 0.9864 rupiah per Ha, X2 of 0.9757 means that any additional labor costs / yields would increase the profit of 0.9575 rupiah and -0.0651 for X3 which means every addition 1 rupiah of fertilizer costs will reduce profits 0,0651 rupiah. From the analysis it can be concluded, that the coconut farm production and profits in Kecataman Padangsidimpuan Batunadua still can be improved by optimizing the use of variable inputs of fertilizer and land.
INFLATION PERSISTENCE IN NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE
Authors: Julitawaty Wily 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the persistence of inflation in major North Sumatera Province in 2007 until 2012 and value contributed Output Growth (GDP) of North Sumatera, Exchange Rate, Interest Rate and Error Correction Term about Inflation in North Sumatera. Data is used secondary data from general Consumer Price Index (CPI) from North Sumatera Province include Medan, Pematangsiantar, Sibolga and Padangsidempuan monthly of January 2007 until December 2012. And secondary data Consumer Price Index (CPI) of North Sumatera Province, Gross Domestic Product of Province Sumatera Utara, Exchange Rate and Interest Rate of BI Rate yearly of 1999 until 2012. Model is used model econometric with Autoregressive method and Error Correction Model. Result of this research with estimation of VAR model concludes that degree of persistence of 4 town from North Sumatera Province is low. Result of estimation of model ECM concludes that Interest Rate significantly affect to inflation rate, while Gross Domestic Product of North Sumatera Province and Exchange Rate not significantly affect to inflation rate. While ECT becomes significant correction to variable inflation rate. Where the form of error correction in the ECM suggests a long-term relationship between the variables inflation, GDP variable, the variable exchange rate and variable interest rate is comparable.
PERAN SEKTOR PERKEBUNAN DALAM PEREKONOMIAN SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Putri Ina Namora 
Published: February 2021

The plantation are one of the sectors that are considered able to survive and make asignificant contribution in the post-crisis economic recovery. The purpose of thisstudy was to analyze the relationship plantation sector and the impact of theplantation sector gross output, labor and households in the economy in NorthSumatra. In measuring and analyzing the tables used are Social AccountingMatrix (SAM) or a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of North Sumatra. Inconnection table SAM North Sumatra province is not yet available, therefore inthis study was built tables SAM 1995 and 2009, the structure refers to theprocessed products which have been built by Ginting (2006). Based on the analysis it appears that the role of plantations in North Sumatra as indicated by the results obtained have power spread index greater (>1) means the plantation sector has the ability to attract growth in upstream sectors (backward linkages). In addition, this sector has a multiplier of gross output of more than three, which means when in the injection of one unit in this sector, then the resulting output has tripled over the breadth of the effect of forward and backward. And based on the order of rank, occupies five large estates.
PENGARUH ROA, ROE, TOTAL REVENUE, DAN BI RATE TERHADAP SAHAM PADA SEKTOR TRANSPORTASI TAHUN 2009-2014
Authors: Arumsari Devinta Nur 
Published: February 2021

This research aims to test the influence of ROA, ROE, The Total Revenue and the BI rate towards the transport sector stocks. The sample of this research is the transportation company registered in BEI in 2009-2014 and is chosen by the method of random sampling. The data used are the panel data with secondary data typescollected by the method documentation. Hypothesis testing is done by the method of multiple regression analysis that views of R-Squared with e-views program results showed that ROA, ROE, Total Revenue doesn’t have a significant influence on the price of the shares, while BI Rate has a significant influence on the price of the stock. This research contributes to the development of the capital market in particularscience-related stock price.