bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cartoon Image of the Mother, Its Perception by Elementary School Students and Correction in the Process of Media Education
Authors: Kyshtymova Irina M. , Matveeva Lidia V. , Deineko Anastasia A. 
Published: November 2021

This article presents a psychological study of the mother image projected in cartoons and its perception by elementary school students. The research provides evidence for the importance of an integral approach to the analysis of media texts addressed to children, as well as for the necessity of considering their narrative, verbal, and descriptive components. A psychological analysis was conducted on the material of three cartoons: “Chunya” (USSR), “Barboskiny” [The Barkers] (Russia), and “Peppa Pig” (UK). Hypotheses were formulated about the potential influence of the cartoons on the younger audience. 70 elementary school students (ꭓ̅ = 9.5 years old) took part in the study. The research was conducted using the method of semantic differential; the data obtained were processed using factor analysis. The results show that the categorization of images follows the factors of “education”, “love”, “patience”, and “respect”. Differences in the semantic assessment of the cartoons under study are presented. Children perceive the events taking place in a cartoon directly, without reflection. Artistic mediation—polysemy, metaphors, and the category of the comic—does not evoke an aesthetic reaction in children, as assumed by the authors. It was found that the semantic assessment of the word “mother” by elementary school students did not agree with the traditional cultural status of a mother. Thus, the respondents ranked such indicators as “understanding” and “prestige” at a low level. A developmental experiment was conducted to correct the mother image as perceived by elementary school students. During the experimental program (8 lessons in total), the schoolchildren watched and discussed the cartoons together with a psychologist. At the end of the experiment, the semantic assessment of the verbal stimulus “mom” by the respondents showed a statistically significantly increase (р≤0.05) in the indicators of “understanding” and “prestige”.
Informal Sperm Donation in Russia
Authors: Polyakova Irina G. 
Published: November 2021

Rising infertility across the globe has created a growing demand for assisted reproductive technologies (ART). In recent years, apart from sperm donation in formal settings such as fertility clinics, informal donation practices have emerged and spread across Russia. These reproductive donation practices have become possible due to the development of social networks and private online platforms. We conducted a pilot study (eleven semi-structured interviews) of the informal sperm donation in Russia and analyzed donor-recipient interactions, donors’ expectations and experiences of finding recipients online. We focus on donors' motivations and on the meanings, which donors invest in this practice that consumes significant resources on their part (medical tests and artificial insemination costs, travel and accommodation expenses, sometimes mutually agreed financial support of future offspring). We interpreted the practices that coalesced around informal donation from the perspective of symbolic interactionism, because it allowed us to showcase how actors reflected on and formulated the meanings of their actions in the absence of externally imposed rules (legal regulations, established moral conventions). Since informal donation practices do not fit into the traditional schemes of interpretation, such research requires the actors involved in informal donation either to create their own schemes or to modify the existing conceptual frames in creative ways. The study shows that informal donors do not only provide their genetic material but also spend time and invested considerable resources to ensure their procreation, including eventual financial support of the child. At the same time, these men are not interested in marital relations or paternal relations with their offspring. Thus, the informal sperm donors do not associate the parental project with traditional family and its values. We conclude that ART engendered a new phenomenon, which might be described as extramarital reproduction. Assisted reproduction outside marriage ­gains footing in Russia and requires more detailed further study.
Податкова оптимізація зовнішньоекономічної діяльності
Authors: Серпенінова Юлія , Побожій Антоніна 
Published: November 2021

У статті розглянута суть податкової оптимізації з точки зору господарюючого суб’єкту та державних органів. У ході дослідження проаналізовано законодавчу і нормативно-правову базу та визначені наявні інструменти зменшення податкового тиску на платників податків у сфері зовнішньоекономічної діяльності, шляхом наданих законодавством пільг та інших можливостей оптимізації податкових платежів. Розглянуті наступні інструменти податкової оптимізації суб’єкта зовнішньоекономічної діяльності: стратегічне планування діяльності, враховуючи міжнародні договори України стосовно уникнення подвійного оподаткування; врахування місця постачання товарів і послуг; окремі специфічні підходи до організації бізнесу; планування розрахунку з брокером для збереження права на податковий кредит та ін. Обґрунтовано, що превентивні методи направлені на уникнення надмірної сплати податків або отримання штрафів та пені.
Review of the rules on the special scheme for small enterprises under the VAT Directive 2006/112/EC
Authors: Nykiel-Mateo Anna 
Published: November 2021

On 18 January 2018 the Commission adopted a proposal for a Council Directive amending Directive 2006/112/EC on the common system of value added tax as regards the special scheme for small enterprises. The proposal belongs to the reform package announced in the VAT Action Plan aimed at modernising the EU VAT system in order to make it simpler, more fraud-proof and business-friendly.
The proposal aims at updating the VAT rules on the special scheme for SMEs and bringing them closer to the reality of the single market as well as adjusting them to the destination-based taxation.
The SME package proposal was subject to a two-year discussion in the Council. Eventually, it was adopted on 18 February 2020 and will apply from 1 January 2025.
The article explains the context of the review – the problems that it tackles, the objectives of the SME simplification package, the solutions proposed by the Commission and their final shape resulting from the Council discussions.
¿Percibimos una Brecha de Género en Carreras Asociadas a Tecnologías?
Authors: Morales-Brito Jenny , Rojas-Cabezas Germán 
Published: November 2021

Este estudio tiene como objetivo establecer la percepción de brecha de género asociada a carreras del área de la tecnología. Para lo anterior, se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta de percepción en línea. Se recibieron respuestas por un periodo de 2 semanas. El instrumento se aplicó a estudiantes y trabajadores relacionados con la informática como área relacionada a las tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones. Se obtuvo una muestra de 104 personas, compuesta por hombres jóvenes mayoritariamente. El análisis de los datos se realizó a través de estadísticos descriptivos, inferencial, análisis factorial exploratorio y de fiabilidad. En diversos apartados del estudio se encontró diferencias de percepción entre hombres y mujeres. Estableciéndose diferentes factores que evidencia una brecha de género percibida. Se identificaron las dimensiones subyacentes de la percepción de la brecha, las cuales son: la percepción de superioridad masculina, la competencia educacional y competencia laboral. Además, se establecieron los factores explicativos percibidos de la brecha que son: contexto laboral educacional, contexto social y personal, y las competencias y habilidades en área tecnológica. Se pudo evidenciar que las mujeres consideran que existe machismo en carreras asociadas a tecnologías y que la percepción de los trabajadores es que la carrera es más adecuada para el género masculino. También, desde la mirada de género, se explica la brecha, considerando en ello como relevante el sesgo de los empleadores. Como trabajo futuro, se espera ampliar la muestra y contrastar los resultados con los provistos por la encuesta de caracterización socioeconómica nacional.
Ekonomiczny i strategiczny wymiar bezpieczeństwa
Authors: Kosta Raul Andrzej 
Published: November 2021

Użycie argumentu siły na przestrzeni dziejów było traktowane jako oczywisty i naturalny instrument prowadzenia polityki. Uważa się, iż współcześnie powinno się od niego odchodzić, ponieważ pochłania on zbyt wiele ofiar, a także przyczynia się do szybszego ekonomicznego i gospodarczego wyniszczenia społeczeństw. Zwraca się również uwagę na zwiększenie natężenia jego użycia na przestrzeni ostatnich stu lat. Zauważalny jest wreszcie olbrzymi wpływ środków masowego przekazu, które kreując obraz wojny na potrzeby odbiorców, często uwypuklają najbardziej drastyczne jej elementy.
Strategia bezpieczeństwa zawiera elementy wojny i pokoju, jednak to rozwój ekonomiczny kształtuje wizję rozwoju państwa. To prawda, z którą nie sposób dyskutować. Dlatego też politycy nie mogą zapominać o aspekcie ekonomicznym bezpieczeństwa.
Work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict and their relation to perceived parenting and the parent-child relationship before and during the first Covid-19 lockdown
Authors: Verweij Renske , Helmerhorst Katrien , Keizer Renske 
Published: November 2021

Objective: Our objective is twofold: First, to examine whether, to what extent and for whom (by sex and educational attainment) work-to-family conflict (W→F-conflict) and family-to-work conflict (F→W-conflict) increased from the pre-Covid-19 period to the first lockdown period. Second, to examine whether and to what extent the negative associations between W→F-conflict/F→W-conflict and perceived parenting (positive encouragement, coercive parenting and the parent-child relationship) became stronger.
Background: During the first Covid-19 lockdown, parents were asked to provide childcare and home-schooling for their children while also being expected to fulfil their work obligations. Under these circumstances, this study was set out to examine how W→F-conflict/F→W-conflict, perceived parenting and their associations were affected.
Method: Multilevel regression models were applied to longitudinal data collected among 55 employed mothers and 76 employed fathers with a 3-year-old child at wave 1.
Results: We found that F→W-conflict/W→F-conflict increased most strongly among highly educated mothers, followed by lower/medium educated mothers and highly educated fathers, while no increase or even a decrease was observed among lower/medium educated fathers. We found some associations between W→F-conflict/F→W-conflict with perceived parenting, but these did not consistently become stronger during the Covid-19 wave. Although overall heightened levels of conflict did not strongly spill over to mothers’ and fathers’ perceived parenting, our results showed that for some parents conflict clearly increased with negative implications for their perceived parenting.
Conclusion: With some noteworthy exceptions, increases in F→W-conflict/W→F-conflict did not coincide with decreases in perceived parenting, indicating that most parents did not let increased conflict between work and family affect their parenting.
FAMILY MEDICINE APPROACH BASED ON A WEB-SERIES REVIEW: A CASE REPORT ON HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
Authors: Firnadi Raden Roro Litiya Parahita Putri , Affianti Nugraeni , Karimah Azimatul 
Published: November 2021

Family medicine (FM) is a patient-centered and community-based clinical method. The FM has multiple strengths that are useful for medical students, such as provides continuing care to patients and families. Because of the COVID-19, medical students have been removed entirely from the clinical learning environment. Online teaching has played key roles in medical education by covered key clinical conditions, case studies, and examinations. According to the latest American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is the term for the most severe form of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. We used the method to collect data for a case report taken from a web-series review on Netflix, titled “Virgin River”, Season 2, Episode 1 to 3. From the symptoms and physical examination of the patient, Ms. CR was diagnosed with HG complicated by dehydration, cardiac arrhythmia, and hypoglycemia. The treatment that has been given to her includes non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapy. The family medicine approach has an important role because it has a strong mutual trust based on the doctor-patient relationship. Also, the family has a significant role in the treatment of patients since it can provide effective psychological and emotional support.
A Systematic Review of Endocrine Therapy for Improved Reproductive and Metabolic Outcomes in PCOS Women
Authors: Rahmawati Nur Aini Lutfi , Yunitasari Esti , Armini Ni Ketut Alit , Padoli Padoli , Suharyono Suharyono 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by infrequent or absent ovulation as well as elevated levels of androgens and insulin (hyperinsulinaemia). The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of endocrine treatment in improving reproductive and metabolic outcomes in women with PCOS.Methods: We searched the following databases from inception to Maret 2020: PubMed, Proquest, ScienceDirect, Scopus and CINAHL. We investigated at metformin, clomiphene citrate, metformin plus clomiphene citrate, D-chiro-inositol, statins, and resveratrol as treatments. We compared them to each other, as well as to a placebo or no therapy. The quality of the evidence ranged from extremely low to moderate. The risks of bias (poor reporting of technique and inadequate outcome data), imprecision, and inconsistency were the limitations.Results: Although the evidence quality was low, our latest evaluation indicated that metformin alone may be superior to placebo for live birth. Data for live birth were equivocal when metformin was compared to clomiphene citrate, and our conclusions were hampered by a paucity of evidence. Body mass index (BMI) varies in the results, emphasizing the need of stratifying data by BMI.Conclusion: Clinical pregnancy and ovulation improvements demonstrate that clomiphene citrate is still preferred to metformin for ovulation induction in obese women with PCOS.
How to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals in the ﬁeld of noncommunicable diseases by 2030, according to research in 49 countries
Authors: Khaltaev N. G. , Axelrod S. V. 
Published: November 2021

Goal. To analyze chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCD) mortality dynamics and associated eﬀorts to reach UN sustainable development goals (SDG) in the area of NCD “by 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from NCD through prevention and treatment“.Methods. WHO statistics, based on the uniﬁed mortality and cause -of- death reports of Member-States countries along with the latest information from global WHO programmes, were used to evaluate NCD mortality trends in 49 countries in 2000, 2010 and 2016 and make comparisons and assessments of diﬀerent types of community -based, country-wide interventions. Only countries with multiple years of national death registration data and high completeness and quality of cause-of-death assignments were included in the analysis. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, chronic respiratory disease (CRD) bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lung cancer and diabetes mortality were analysed in 36 high income countries (HIC) and 13 middle income countries (MIC).Results. The most visible decline was achieved for bronchial asthma 54%, stroke 43% IHD 30% and COPD 29%. Lung cancer and diabetes mortality decline were not statistically signiﬁcant. Prevalence of tobacco smoking gradually declined in 84% of countries, 55% of countries demonstrated declining prevalence of raised blood pressure. Obesity prevalence was increasing in all countries. CVD and CRD mortality were higher in MIC. HIC better implemented tobacco and diet reduction measures. Same concerns NCD management approach. Air pollution level was higher in MIC.Conclusions. NCD mortality decline is associated with multiple WHO global life style modiﬁcations campaigns, global coordinated prevention and control programmes for hypertension, asthma and COPD and WHO developed “best buy” approach. In order to achieve better results in lung cancer mortality together with early detection, more eﬀorts should be concentrated on early diagnosis, strengthening tobacco cessation, clean air and diet actions. Diet and physical activities along with adequate management and patient education remain key elements to improve diabetes prognosis by the year 2030. Air pollution control could also facilitate achievement of the UN SDG 3.4.
Comparative analysis of the takzdorovo.ru internet portal within the framework of a communication campaign aimed at the motivation of citizens of the Russian Federation to lead a healthy lifestyle
Authors: Bondar A. A. , Tatarinova T. A. , Manshina A. V. , Butareva M. M. 
Published: November 2021

Objective. To evaluate the results of the information and communication campaign to promote a healthy lifestyle through a comparative analysis of the use of the takzdorovo.ru Internet portal in 2018–2019.Methods. Comparative analysis of the use of the Internet portal takzdorovo.ru in 2018–2019. was carried out by analyzing the data of the Yandex.Metrica web analytics system. As a source of information on the prevalence of risk factors from 2018 to 2019 we used data from a sample observation of behavioral factors aﬀecting the health status of the population and the compilation “Healthcare in Russia – 2019” by Rosstat, as well as data from surveys of VTsIOM and the Public Opinion Foundation.Results. The total number of visits to the Internet portal takzdorovo.ru after the information and communication campaign increased by 6,4 times. In 2018, the number of unique visitors to the Internet portal reached 449,302 people, in 2019 – 1,82 million people, an increase of 4 times. The number of page views on the site during the reporting period increased by 8,6 times. Also, a number of behavioral characteristics of users of the takzdorovo.ru Internet portal have improved, for example, attendance by time of day, from various types of devices, page viewing depth, number of failures and duration of the visit on the takzdorovo.ru Internet portal.Conclusion. Conducting a communication campaign within the framework of the federal project “Strengthening Public Health” of the national project “Demography” made it possible to attract citizens to use a reliable Internet resource about healthy lifestyles, which is ﬁlled by leading experts in the ﬁeld of health protection.The conducted communication campaign has demonstrated the eﬀectiveness of attracting the target audience to information materials on the preservation and promotion of health, and indicates the need to support and replicate this experience in order to attract and further motivate the population to lead a healthy lifestyle.
The inﬂuence of smoking on the formation of occupational lung diseases in workers who come into contact with industrial aerosols
Authors: Salagay O. O. , Bukhtiyarov I. V. , Kuzmina L. P. , Bezrukavnikova L. M. , Khotuleva A. G. , Anvarul R. A. 
Published: November 2021

The formation of a healthy lifestyle is one of the most important tasks of disease prevention. Among the factors that negatively aﬀect the health of the population, smoking is of great importance. The inﬂuence of smoking on the formation of occupational diseases in workers in harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions has not been suﬃciently studied. Based on the knowledge of the pathogenesis of common diseases, it can be assumed with a high degree of probability that smoking can provoke the development of occupational pathology of the respiratory organs, malignant neoplasms, vascular pathology.The aim of the work was to study the clinical manifestations of chronic bronchitis, characterizing the state of the bronchopulmonary system, in smokers and non-smokers who had long-term contact with industrial dust, as well as to analyze the literature data on the impact of smoking on the development of occupational lung diseases in workers exposed to asbestos dust.Materials and methods of research. In the clinic “Research Institute of Occupational Medicine named after Academician N.F. Izmerov”, 55 workers were examined under the inﬂuence of industrial aerosols of ﬁbrogenic action. The group of smokers consisted of 45 people: 25 people were coal miners, 20 people were foundry workers. The group of non-smokers consisted of 10 people: 6 coal miners and 4 foundry workers. The severity of the course of professional and non-professional chronic bronchitis in patients was assessed taking into account the clinical manifestations and frequency of exacerbations of the disease, as well as taking into account the severity of respiratory disorders and gas exchange disorders.Results and discussion. In the group of smoking patients, 93,3% had occupational chronic bronchitis, 6.7% had no such pathology. In the group of non-smoking patients with and without occupational chronic bronchitis, there were equally – 50,0%. In the group of smoking patients, 55,5 of the examined patients had respiratory insuﬃciency of the II degree; 15,5% were diagnosed with respiratory insuﬃciency of the III degree; cases without respiratory function impairment (DN0 art.) were only 8,8%. In the group of non-smoking patients, grade II DN was more than three times less frequent, amounting to 20,0%, while 40,0% had grade 0 DN and 40,0% had grade I DN; grade III DN was never diagnosed in this group of patients.Conclusion. Smoking, as an independent factor, can play a signiﬁcant, and in some cases, obviously, a determining role in the development and progression of chronic bronchitis in people exposed to industrial aerosols.The health risks associated with tobacco should be taken into account as an integral part of the assessment of the risks of developing occupational diseases.
Evaluation of the association of endometriosis and mammographic breast density, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Moini Ashraf , Salari Elnaz , Rashidi Hadi , Maajani Khadije , Abedi Mahboubeh , Bayani Leila , Alipour Sadaf 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Endometriosis is a common benign but painful gynecologic condition. Studies suggest that the risk of some types of malignancies such as breast cancer is higher in women with endometriosis. Mammographic breast density (MBD) is known as an important predictor for breast cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between endometriosis and MBD.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 370 women over 40 years of age. Laparoscopic surgery was carried out for the diagnosis of endometriosis. MBD was classified into four categories according to the ACR BI-RADS classification. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software to evaluate the potential association between variables.
Results
The mean age of all participants was 47.2±6.4 years, and most participants (76.8 %) were premenopausal. Multivariate analysis of the potential predictors of MBD, including age, body mass index, oral contraceptive consumption, progesterone consumption, family history of breast cancer and endometriosis showed that age (P-value=0.002), history of progesterone consumption (P-value=0.004) and endometriosis (P-value=0.006) were the independent factors for MBD.
Conclusion
This study indicated that endometriosis had an inverse association with MBD. Age and history of progesterone use were also independent influential factors for MBD. This finding shows that the positive association between breast cancer and endometriosis is not mediated through MBD.