bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bullying victimization, psychosocial functioning, and protective factors: Comparing African American heterosexual and sexual minority adolescents in Chicago's Southside
Authors: Hong Jun Sung , Valido Alberto , Rivas‐Koehl Matthew M. , Wade Ryan M. , Espelage Dorothy L. , Voisin Dexter R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAfrican American heterosexual and sexual minority (SM) adolescents report widespread bullying victimization (BV), which is associated with poorer psychosocial functioning. However, studies examining potential protective factors that moderate this association are limited. Using data from a cross‐sectional study conducted in Chicago, we examined the association between BV and psychosocial functioning among a sample of heterosexual (n = 475) and SM (n = 105) African American adolescents and examined whether four empirically‐supported protective factors moderated these associations. Among SM adolescents, having close parents was protective against psychosomatic symptoms for those who reported high BV and having caring teachers was protective against substance use for those who reported both high and low BV. Among heterosexual adolescents, having close parents was protective against substance use for those who reported high BV but having high neighborhood support exacerbated the risk of developing psychosomatic symptoms for those who reported high BV. Implications for school and parental‐based interventions are discussed.
The involvement of semaphorin 7A in tumorigenic and immunoinflammatory regulation
Authors: Song Yao , Wang Liu , Zhang Lan , Huang Dingming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSemaphorins, a large group of highly conserved proteins, consist of eight subfamilies that are widely expressed in vertebrates, invertebrates, and viruses and exist in membrane‐bound or secreted forms. First described as axon guidance cues during neurogenesis, semaphorins also perform physiological functions in other organ systems, such as bone homeostasis, immune response, and tumor progression. Semaphorin 7A (SEMA7A), also known as CDw108, is an immune semaphorin that modulates diverse immunoinflammatory processes, including immune cell interactions, inflammatory infiltration, and cytokine production. In addition, SEMA7A regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, lymph formation, and angiogenesis of multiple types of tumor cells, and these effects are mediated by the interaction of SEMA7A with two specific receptors, PLXNC1 and integrins. Thus, SEMA7A is intimately related to the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune and inflammation‐related diseases and tumors. This review focuses on the role of SEMA7A in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, and tumors, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, strategies targeting SEMA7A as a potential predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic agent for these diseases are also addressed.
Temporomandibular inflammation regulates the matrix metalloproteinases MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in limbic structures
Authors: Nascimento Glauce C. , De Paula Bruna B. , Gerlach Raquel F. , Leite‐Panissi Christie R. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTemporomandibular disorder (TMD) is characterized by acute or chronic orofacial pain, which can be associated with inflammatory processes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and emotional disorders. Peripheral and central sensitization in painful orofacial processes is common, and it can be triggered by peripheral inflammatory challenge with consequent neuroinflammation phenomena. Such neuroinflammation comes from inflammatory products from supportive cells, blood–brain barrier, and extracellular matrix. Here, we evaluated the possible recruitment of limbic structures for modified matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression and activity during temporomandibular inflammation‐induced orofacial persistent pain. The inflammatory process in TMJs of rats was induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant (CFA) administration. The activity and expression of MMPs‐2 and 9 were assessed by in situ zymography and conventional zymography, respectively. A glial colocalization with the MMPs was performed using immunofluorescence. The results evidenced both short‐ and long‐term alterations on MMP‐2 and ‐9 expression in the limbic structures following CFA‐induced temporomandibular inflammation. The gelatinolytic activity was increased in the central amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), superior colliculus, and inferior colliculus. Finally, an increase of colocalization of MMP‐2/GFAP and MMP‐9/GFAP in CFA‐induced inflammation groups was observed when compared with saline groups in the central amygdala and vlPAG. It is possible to suggest that glial activation is partly responsible for the production of gelatinases in the persistent orofacial pain, and it is involved in the initiation and maintenance of this process, indicating that inhibition of MMPs might be pursued as a potential new therapeutic target for TMD.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Classification of Fetal Hypospadias: The Role and Value ofMagnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Li Kui , Zhang Xiaodan , Yan Guohui , Zheng Weizeng , Zou Yu 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundPrenatal diagnosis and classification of hypospadias are difficult and of value for management during perinatal and neonatal periods. The conventional approach for prenatal diagnosis of hypospadias is ultrasound; however, this technique may be inconclusive in certain cases, which prompts for further exploration with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).PurposeTo investigate the role of MRI in the prenatal diagnosis and classification of fetuses with hypospadias.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationThirty‐five fetuses (median gestational age = 37, range 24–39 weeks) with possible hypospadias.Field Strength/SequenceSingle‐shot fast spin echo T2‐weighted imaging, fast imaging employing steady‐state acquisition (FIESTA), and three‐dimensional FIESTA acquired at 1.5 T.AssessmentDiagnosis and classification of hypospadias using MRI were performed by three experienced radiologists based on MRI features, including a short penile shaft, abnormal penile tip, penile curvature, bifid scrotum, “tulip sign,” and penoscrotal transposition. The accuracy of MRI in the diagnosis and classification of hypospadias was assessed in comparison to postnatal clinical diagnosis. The interobserver agreement between radiologists was also assessed.Statistical TestsKendall'sWtest was applied to assess the interobserver agreement between radiologists. Taking postnatal clinical diagnosis as the reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were calculated.ResultsOf the 35 fetuses, 24 cases were confirmed as hypospadias through postnatal clinical diagnosis. The interobserver agreement between radiologists was substantial (Kendall'sW = 0.781,P < 0.001). Of the 24 confirmed cases (13 cases of severe hypospadias and 11 cases of mild hypospadias), 22 cases were correctly diagnosed by MRI. The accuracy of MRI in the diagnosis of hypospadias, severe hypospadias, and mild hypospadias was 85.71%, 82.86%, and 80.00%, respectively.Data ConclusionMRI has good performance in the diagnosis of fetal hypospadias. In addition, MRI could help evaluate the severity of fetal hypospadias.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Sex differences in the social brain and in social cognition
Authors: Proverbio Alice Mado 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany studies have reported sex differences in empathy and social skills. In this review, several lines of empirical evidences about sex differences in functions and anatomy of social brain are discussed. The most relevant differences involve face processing, facial expression recognition, response to baby schema, the ability to see faces in things, the processing of social interactions, the response to the others’ pain, interest in social information, processing of gestures and actions, biological motion, erotic, and affective stimuli. Sex differences in oxytocin‐based parental response are also reported. In conclusion, the female and male brains show several neuro‐functional differences in various aspects of social cognition, and especially in emotional coding, face processing, and response to baby schema. An interpretation of this sexual dimorphism is provided in the view of evolutionary psychobiology.
Microglia and astrocytes show limited, acute alterations in morphology and protein expression following a single developmental alcohol exposure
Authors: Lowery Rebecca L. , Cealie MaKenna Y. , Lamantia Cassandra E. , Mendes Monique S. , Drew Paul D. , Majewska Ania K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are the most common cause of nonheritable, preventable mental disability and are characterized by cognitive, behavioral, and physical impairments. FASD occurs in almost 5% of births in the United States, but despite this prevalence there is no known cure, largely because the biological mechanisms that translate alcohol exposure to neuropathology are not well understood. While the effects of early ethanol exposure on neuronal survival and circuitry have received more attention, glia, the cells most closely tied to initiating and propagating inflammatory events, could be an important target for alcohol in the developing brain. Inflammation is known to alter developmental trajectories, but it has recently been shown that even small changes in both astrocytes and microglia in the absence of full‐blown inflammatory signaling can alter brain function long‐term. Here, we studied the acute response of astrocytes and microglia to a single exposure to ethanol in development across sexes in a mouse model of human third trimester exposure, in order to understand how these cells may transition from their normal developmental path to a different program that leads to FASD neuropathology. We found that although a single ethanol exposure delivered subcutaneously on postnatal day 4 did not cause large changes in microglial morphology or the expression of AldH1L1 and GFAP in the cortex and hippocampus, subtle effects were observed. These findings suggest that even a single, early ethanol exposure can induce mild acute alterations in glia that could contribute to developmental deficits.
Extracellular microvesicles promote microglia‐mediated pro‐inflammatory responses to ethanol
Authors: Crews Fulton T. , Zou Jian , Coleman Leon G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlcohol use disorder (AUD) pathology features pro‐inflammatory gene induction and microglial activation. The underlying cellular processes that promote this activation remain unclear. Previously considered cellular debris, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as mediators of inflammatory signaling in several disease states. We investigated the role of microvesicles (MVs, 50 nm–100 µm diameter EVs) in pro‐inflammatory and microglial functional gene expression using primary organotypic brain slice culture (OBSC). Ethanol caused a unique immune gene signature that featured: temporal induction of pro‐inflammatory TNF‐α and IL‐1β, reduction of homeostatic microglia state gene Tmem119, progressive increases in purinergic receptor P2RY12 and the microglial inhibitory fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, an increase in the microglial presynaptic gene C1q, and a reduction in the phagocytic gene TREM2. MV signaling was implicated in this response as reduction of MV secretion by imipramine blocked pro‐inflammatory TNF‐α and IL‐1β induction by ethanol, and ethanol‐conditioned MVs (EtOH‐MVs) reproduced the ethanol‐associated immune gene signature in naïve OBSC slices. Depletion of microglia prior to ethanol treatment prevented pro‐inflammatory activity of EtOH‐MVs, as did incubation of EtOH‐MVs with the HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin. Ethanol caused HMGB1 secretion from cultured BV2 microglia in MVs through activation of PI3 kinase. In summary, these studies find MVs modulate pro‐inflammatory gene induction and microglial activation changes associated with ethanol. Thus, MVs may represent a novel therapeutic target to reduce neuroinflammation in the setting of alcohol abuse or other diseases that feature a neuroimmune component. [Correction added on 5 April 2021, after first online publication: The copyright line was changed.]
Tracking precipitation patterns across a western U.S. metropolitan area using volunteer observers: RainLog.Org
Authors: Crimmins Michael A. , McMahan Ben , Holmgren William F. , Woodard Gary 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe southwestern United States experiences extreme hydroclimatic variability, including intense but localized monsoon thunderstorms, tropical storms, and winter storms, resulting in complex and variable patterns of precipitation over space and time. Official gauges associated with long‐term monitoring networks are sparsely distributed throughout the region and are unable to capture the spatial complexity and variability of these precipitation patterns. The RainLog program, a volunteer precipitation monitoring program, was started in southern Arizona in 2005 to leverage enthusiasm among non‐scientists around weather, water, and climate to address the gaps in official monitoring networks. An examination of the portion of the dataset that spans the Tucson metropolitan area illustrates the opportunities and challenges in using volunteer data to track precipitation. We compare near‐complete records to an official observation to highlight how the broader RainLog network supports characterizing hydroclimatic variability over the period of record. We also examine several case study events drawn from metrics of network variability that represent different forms of hydroclimatic extremes. We find that in most cases the RainLog network captures a range of precipitation values that were notably different than the single value recorded at the official observing site, adding substantial value in recording and reconstructing past extreme precipitation events. This work highlights how volunteer citizen science precipitation monitoring networks can provide critical data for tracking precipitation variability and changes, although are only one complementary piece of coherent, long‐term hydroclimatic monitoring.
The Nuanced Relationship Between Creative Cognition and the Interaction Between Executive Functioning and Intelligence
Authors: Taylor Christa L. , Zaghi Arash E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe current study addresses gaps in our understanding of the relationship between creative cognition, intelligence (IQ), and executive functioning (EF). Undergraduate students completed an IQ test, verbal and figural divergent thinking (DT) tests, and a self‐assessment of EF, across four study sessions. Participant data (N = 199) were analyzed using linear regression and PROCESS moderation models. Results demonstrated that EF interacts with IQ to predict figural and verbal DT in distinct ways, with different patterns emerging from different methods of scoring DT. Using traditional DT scoring, Gf (but not Gc) significantly moderated the relationship between EF and scores on both verbal and figural DT tasks. Low EF was associated with diminished DT scores for those with low Gf scores, unrelated for those with relatively higher Gf, and enhanced scores for those with the highest Gf. Using originality ratio scores, low EF was associated with diminished originality in verbal DT responses for those with low IQ (both Gf and Gc), unrelated for those with relatively higher IQ, and enhanced originality for those with the highest Gc (but not Gf) scores. Thus, there are several nuances in the way that EF interacts with IQ to predict DT.
In‐situ Raman monitoring of the poly(vinylidene fluoride) crystalline structure during a melt‐spinning process
Authors: Chapron David , Rault François , Talbourdet Anaëlle , Lemort Guillaume , Cochrane Cédric , Bourson Patrice , Devaux Eric , Campagne Christine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPoly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibres used to develop sensors or energy harvesters have great potential in the sector of portable electronic devices and especially in the development of smart textiles. This polymorphic polymer is known for several years for its excellent piezoelectric properties related to its different crystalline phases and more particularly to the polar β‐phase is the subject of studies dedicated to the development, optimization, and characterization of β‐PVDF fibres. The presence and the evolution of the different crystalline phases are linked to different factors and can be controlled for example by changing some parameters during the process. In the case of the spinning process, the influence of the operating conditions, such as temperature and drawing on the crystalline structure is currently determined by post‐mortem analyses. Development of ‘mimetic’ tests to characterize in situ the evolution of the crystalline structure of a mechanically stretched polymer is a possible way. Nevertheless, this cannot totally reproduce a real process. For the first time, phase transformations and evolutions of PVDF during a melt‐spinning process were studied online thanks to in situ Raman spectroscopy measurements. Performed at different stages of the spinning line, this method allows us to follow the evolution of the crystalline phases in real time, during the key steps of the process and to conclude on the conditions for obtaining the piezoelectric phase. The successful online characterization of PVDF crystalline phases by Raman spectroscopy opens new perspectives for the optimization of these fibres by controlling the evolution of the structure when changing process parameters.
Potential opportunities of thinned clusters in viticulture: a mini review
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Gamboa Gastón , Mengyuan Wei , Moreno‐Simunovic Yerko , Sun XiangYu , Fang Yulin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCrop thinning is a common practice performed in the vineyard consisting of whole clusters or individual fruits being removed after flowering is attained. Current studies have reported that unripe grape products as verjuice and sour grape sauce contain high content of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, sugars, organic acids, nitrogenous compounds and sterols. This mini‐review overviewed the bioactive components obtained from thinned unripe grapes such as phenolic compounds, sugars, organic acids, minerals, nitrogen compounds and sterols, and their use as antibrowning and whitening agents, natural catalysts, food preservative and food additive. In addition, their beneficial effects for human health also were reviewed, as well as the practices to maximize the extraction of antioxidant compounds. Therefore, revalorizing the waste from this management practice in viticulture can increase the vineyard sustainability and farmers' economic profits. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Apigenin suppresses proliferation, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of cervical carcinoma cells by regulation of miR‐152/BRD4 axis
Authors: Zhao Xia , Zhou Hua‐Bo , Liu Jie , Xie Jing , Hu Rong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the role of apigenin and the molecular mechanism of miR‐152‐5p and bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) in the proliferation, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cervical carcinoma cells. Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to detect the transfection efficiency and the expression of miR‐152‐5p and BRD4. Western blotting was conducted to evaluate the protein level of BRD4, E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, and MMP9. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm whether miR‐152‐5p bound to BRD4. MTT and Transwell invasion assay were applied to determine the cell proliferation and invasion, respectively. MiR‐152‐5p was downregulated and BRD4 was upregulated in cervical carcinoma tissue. Besides, miR‐152‐5p could directly bind to BRD4 in Hela and CaSki cells. In addition, apigenin inhibited proliferation, invasion, and EMT of Hela and CaSki cells by regulating miR‐152‐5p/BRD4 axis. Apigenin suppresses proliferation, invasion, and induced EMT of cervical carcinoma cells by regulation of miR‐152‐5p/BRD4 axis.
Multi‐Institutional Analysis of Outcomes in Supraglottic Jet Ventilation with a Team‐Based Approach
Authors: Rodney Jennifer P. , Shinn Justin R. , Amin Shaunak N. , Portney David S. , Mitchell Margaret B. , Chopra Zoey , Rees Andrew B. , Kupfer Robbi A. , Hogikyan Norman D. , Casper Keith A. , Tate Alan , Vinson Kimberly N. , Fletcher Kenneth C. , Gelbard Alexander , St. Jacques Paul J. , Higgins Michael S. , Morrison Robert J. , Garrett C. Gaelyn 
Published: February 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the safety and complications of endoscopic airway surgery using supraglottic jet ventilation with a team‐based approach.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsSubjects at two academic institutions diagnosed with laryngotracheal stenosis who underwent endoscopic airway surgery with jet ventilation between January 2008 and December 2018 were identified. Patient characteristics (age, gender, race, follow‐up duration) and comorbidities were extracted from the electronic health record. Records were reviewed for treatment approach, intraoperative data, and complications (intraoperative, acute postoperative, and delayed postoperative).ResultsEight hundred and ninety‐four patient encounters from 371 patients were identified. Intraoperative complications (unplanned tracheotomy, profound or severe hypoxic events, barotrauma, laryngospasm) occurred in fewer than 1% of patient encounters. Acute postoperative complications (postoperative recovery unit [PACU] rapid response, PACU intubation, return to the emergency department [ED] within 24 hours of surgery) were rare, occurring in fewer than 3% of patient encounters. Delayed postoperative complications (return to the ED or admission for respiratory complaints within 30 days of surgery) occurred in fewer than 1% of patient encounters. Diabetes mellitus, active smoking, and history of previous tracheotomy were independently associated with intraoperative, acute, and delayed complications.ConclusionsEmploying a team‐based approach, jet ventilation during endoscopic airway surgery demonstrates a low rate of complications and provides for safe and successful surgery.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2292–2297, 2021
Comparison of the Effects of Statins on A549 Nonsmall‐Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line Lipids Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Rosuvastatin Stands Out
Authors: Aksoy Hatice Nurdan , Ceylan Cagatay 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStatins are commonly prescribed antilipidemic and anticholesterol class of drugs. In addition to their major role, they have been found to have anticancer effects on in vitro, animal and clinical studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of six different statins (rosuvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin, and atorvastatin) on A549 cancer cells lipids by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Proliferation tests were carried out to detect the half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of each statin on A549 cells. The IC50 values were 50 μM for simvastatin, 150 μM for atorvastatin and pravastatin, and 170 μM for fluvastatin, 200 μM for rosuvastatin and lovastatin on A549 cells. No correlation was found between the antiproliferative effects of the statins and lipid‐lowering effect. The cells were treated with IC5, IC10, and IC50 values of each statins concentration and lipid extracts were compared using FTIR spectroscopy. The results indicated that different statins had different effects on the lipid content of A549 cells. The FTIR spectra of the lipid exctracts of statin‐treated A549 cells indicated that the value of hydrocarbon chain length, unsaturation index, oxidative stress level, and phospholipid containing lipids increased except for rosuvastatin‐treated A549 cells. In addition, rosuvastatin significantly lowered cholesterol ester levels. In conclusion, the contrasting effects of rosuvastatin should be further investigated.