bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steganography in Color Animated Image Sequence for Secret Data Sharing Using Secure Hash Algorithm
Authors: Basak Ratan Kumar , Chatterjee Ritam , Dutta Paramartha , Dasgupta Kousik 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a high capacity steganographic approach with secret message validation scheme at the receiver end. The proposed idea develops specifically for animated GIF, the cover media, to conceal secret text messages where Least Significant Digit (LSD) method is employed to embed secret information in the form of ASCII value. To validate the secret information at the receiver end, the secret text is encoded with Secure Hash Algorithm-1(SHA1) which is subsequently embedded in certain pre-defined portion of the cover media. The proposed algorithm is experimented on a large set of colored animated image sequences by varying text messages which produces satisfactory results. The proposed method also maintains good visual perceptibility while securing high embedding capacity
Estimating the Value of Statistical Life in China: A Contingent Valuation Study in Six Representative Cities
Authors: Cao Chaoji , Song Xinke , Cai Wenjia , Li Yichao , Cong Jianhui , Yu Xueying , Niu Xiaoyue , Gao Mengzhao , Wang Can 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Incorporating the health impacts into all kinds of policy decisions has become the shared expectations of policymakers and the public, hoping to obtain the most significant health benefits with the least policy costs. The value of statistical life (VSL), which represents the additional cost that individuals are willing to reduce the risk of death, is a core tool for monetizing health impacts. Though VSL has been widely studied internationally, the existing VSL research in China has limitations on regional representativeness, questionnaire design, and discussion of influencing factors. To fill these research gaps, we selected six representative cities in six typical provinces based on cluster analysis and conducted a face-to-face contingent valuation interview (n=3936) from March 7, 2019, to September 30, 2019, using the hypothetical vaccine as the payment tool followed by double-bounded dichotomous choice questions. The respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) to reduce the death risk from air pollution was elicited and used to quantify the VSL of typical urban residents. Also, we discussed the determinants of WTP and VSL in comparison with previous studies. Results showed that the WTP varied from 455-763 yuan, corresponding to a VSL range of 3.79-6.36 million yuan (price in 2019) in different cities. Therefore, the VSL in China in 2019 was estimated to be 5.10 million yuan, which was 1.2-41 times of the previous studies (in 2019 price). It was also proven that influencing factors such as monthly expenditure levels, environmental concerns, risk attitudes, and assumed market acceptance, which had been seldom discussed in previous studies, had significant impacts on the WTP and the VSL. There were substantial differences in the influencing factors of residents' WTP in different cities, which provided a reasonable explanation for the large gap of the VSL among six representative cities.
“A Randomized Comparison of Sample Adequacy and Diagnostic Yield of EBUS-TBNA using various Suction Pressures”
Authors: Mohan Anant , Iyer Hariharan , Madan Karan , Hadda Vijay , Mittal Saurabh , Tiwari Pawan , Jain Deepali , Pandey R M , Garg Avneet , Guleria Randeep 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The evidence for using vacuum suction during EBUS is sparse, and the optimal suction pressure for obtaining adequate samples is not yet determined.Objectives: To assess the influence of suction on adequacy and diagnostic yield of EBUS TBNA.Methods: This single-center, prospective, randomized, non-inferiority trial assessed whether no-suction and 10 ml suction are non-inferior to 20 ml suction for adequacy and diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA aspirates.Results: 323 lymph nodes were sampled using EBUS-TBNA. Baseline characteristics of lymph nodes were comparable in the three suction groups. The overall adequacy of EBUS-TBNA aspirates in the "No-suction," 10ml, and 20ml suction was 90%, 83.49%, and 77.88%, respectively. The difference in the adequacy was groups 12.12% (95%CI: 3.93 - 20.3) and 5.61% (95%CI: -3.27- 14.49) for no-suction versus 20ml and 10ml versus 20ml suction, respectively. No-suction and 10 ml were non-inferior to 20 ml suction in terms of sample adequacy. At a superiority margin of 3.92%, no-suction was superior to 20 ml suction for sample adequacy (p<0.05). The overall diagnostic yield was comparable (63.6%, 52.3%, and 57.7% in 0, 10 ml, and 20 ml, respectively; p-not significant). The proportion of aspirates which were predominantly blood was similar (No-suction -10.9%, 10ml - 13.8%, 20ml - 15.4%; p=0.62)Conclusions: EBUS-TBNA with or without the application of vacuum suction does not influence specimen adequacy and diagnostic yield. “No-suction” is superior to 20ml suction pressure and is associated with a lesser risk of bloody samples.
Effect of using RT-44 as phase-change material in the porous microchannel
Authors: Alibeigi Mahdi , Sabzeali Mohammadreza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the influence of the utilizing RT-44 which, knows as a phase-change material (PCM) has used in an overall porous layer channel or optional additive nano particle of water/ZnO with three injecting fluid from its lower wall is investigated. The boundary condition slip-walls for the lower and higher walls of the micro-channel as insulation and constant temperature is considered. respectively, for assessment of PCM and nanoparticles consequences, the volume fraction of 0,2% and 5% determined for both of nanofluid and PCM. The result show that the Nusselt number increased with adding PCM to the porous media and decreasing with adding nanoparticles. When volume fraction of nano fluid is 5% the relative Nusselt number was calculated for PCM volume fraction of 1%,2% and 5% with amount of \(N{u^*}=0.9607\),\(N{u^*}=0.9710\)and\(N{u^*}=0.9869\).respectively, for more supplementary the microchannel has levelized in two stage and three stage. The bulk temperature calculated for three stages for each level, at first stage was 299.90 K, at second stage was 302.38 K and 302.72 K at third stage. For considering the geometric parameters effect an optimization with monte Carlo(MC) method has been simulated in terms of maximizing Nusselt number ,it approved the relative Nusselt number Nusselt 1.026 and it increasing 0.26 K at the end of micro channel. Finally, the Additive PCM to porous material purposed for heating and additive nanofluid to the porous media purposed for cooling as well, the multistage channel purposed for heating at the latest stage.
Changes in the wintertime hydroclimatic regime in St. John River, Maine, USA
Authors: Kim Jong-Suk , Jain Shaleen , Lee Taesam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Changes in the flow regime in snowmelt- and ice-dominated rivers have important implications for navigation, flood hazard, recreation, and ecosystems. We investigated recent changes in the high flows of the St. John River basin in Maine, USA, with a view to quantify changes in high-flow characteristics, as well as extreme event estimates. The results analyzed herein demonstrate shifts in springtime streamflow as well as in emergent wintertime (January–February) streamflow over the past four decades. A Poisson-based regression approach was applied to develop a model for the diagnosis of weather–climate linkage. The sensitivity of episodic warm weather events to the negative phase of the Tropical–Northern Hemisphere (TNH) atmospheric teleconnection pattern is evident. Although a modest sample size of historical data on the weather–climate linkage imposes a limit in terms of reliability, the approach presented herein shows a modest role of the TNH pattern, in response to the warm phase of El Niño/Southern Oscillation, as one of the factors that contribute to hydroclimate variability in the St. John River basin. This diagnostic study sought to investigate the changes in the wintertime streamflow regime and the relative linkages with short-term concurrent weather events, as well as large-scale climatic linkages. This improved an understanding of hydrological extremes within a climatological context and offers new knowledge to inform water resources planning and decision-making.
Nano-governance, nano-regulación y, ¿nano-ciudadanía?
Authors: Berger Mauricio , Berger Filho Airton Guilherme 
Published: February 2021

El trabajo presenta avances de una investigación sobre el desarrollo nanotecnológico en Argentina y Brasil, con un análisis enfocado en su governance a escalas internacional y nacional. Por governance entenderemos una función sistémica: estabilización y compatibilización de formatos organizacionales público- privados, normas, políticas públicas, prácticas, parcialmente superpuestos o en colisión. La metamorfosis observable en las nuevas tendencias regulatorias nos habla de cambios en las estructuras burocráticas estatales, y en la forma de ley para regular en asuntos que conciernen la protección de la salud y el ambiente, y el ejercicio ciudadano frente a las nanotecnologías. Metodológicamente, identificamos y recopilamos fuentes documentales, legales y entrevistas a agentes públicos, académicos, profesionales y organizaciones de la sociedad civil. Con estos insumos realizamos un análisis descriptivo y reconstructivo de escenarios normativos en ambos países, enmarcado teóricamente en la teoría de la governance. Nuestra primer hipótesis de trabajo: las distorsiones y la sustitución de los mecanismos democrático- representativos que se producen por la expansión de la governance tienen como efecto la modulación de la estructura estatal moderna de la ley, y como corolario, ponen al ejercicio ciudadano frente una serie de obstáculos para la protección de derechos y la participación en decisiones públicas sobre uso e impactos de las nanotecnologías.
Vendor Master Data Cleaning—A Project for Accounting Class
Authors: Gantman Sonia , Metzger Lorrie 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a data cleaning project that utilizes real vendor master data of a large public university in the United States. Our main objective when developing this case was to identify the areas where students need guidance in order to apply a problem-solving approach to the project. This includes initial analysis of the data and the task at hand, planning for cleaning and testing activities, executing this plan, and communicating the results in a written report. We provide a dataset with 29K records of vendor master data and a subset of the same data with 800 records. The assignment has two parts—the planning and the actual cleaning, each with its own deliverable. It can be used in many different courses and completed with almost any data analytics software. We provide suggested solutions and detailed solution notes for Excel and for Alteryx Designer.
Network-Induced Agency Conflicts in Delegated Portfolio Management
Authors: Gao Xinzi , Wong T. J. , Xia Lijun , Yu Gwen 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Social ties between mutual funds and the companies in which they invest (investees) can both facilitate information transfers and encourage favoritism. Using the investment choices of mutual funds in China, we compare investment performance of holdings in companies that are socially connected to mutual funds versus those that are not. We find that funds allocate more investment to connected investees' stocks, especially when a fund is weakly monitored. This overweighting is greater in times of poor investee performance, when the benefits of additional investment to the connected investees are high. Weakly monitored funds' preference for connected stocks hurts the returns of these funds, yielding a 6.6 percent lower annualized risk-adjusted return, relative to closely monitored funds. These results suggest that, absent sufficient monitoring, agency conflicts generated by social networks can dominate the information advantages of these networks.
JEL Classifications: G10; G11; G14.
What Do Analysts' Provision Forecasts Tell Us about Expected Credit Loss Recognition?
Authors: Beatty Anne , Liao Scott 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We document potential cross-sectional differences in how expected loss accounting will affect provision timeliness to provide important policy insights and contribute to the literature regarding the estimation of the expected loss model adoption impact and provision timeliness determinants. Our findings that analyst provision forecasts incrementally predict future nonperforming loans (NPLs) and market returns suggest that the incurred loss provision does not incorporate all available future loss information. Higher incremental coefficients on provision forecasts for banks with greater unrecognized future losses and incurred loss constraints suggest CECL could affect cross-sectional provision timeliness differences by removing these constraints. Specifically, the provision forecast and future NPL association increases with banks' unconstrained future loss estimates reflected in loan fair value disclosures and incurred loss constraints indicated by heterogeneous loans individually reviewed for impairment. This association also increases with EPS forecast errors, but decreases with target price and NPL forecast errors.
Temporomandibular disorders in prospective orthodontic patients:
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Chen Christine , Wong Hung Chew , Yow Mimi , Tan Elaine 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in prospective orthodontic patients. The association between TMDs and malocclusion severity as well as the impact of TMDs on oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) were also examined.Materials and MethodsA total of 350 consecutive patients seeking orthodontic treatment were invited to participate in the study. The presence of TMDs was established with the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), while malocclusion severity and OHRQoL were evaluated using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and Oral Health Impact Profile–14 (OHIP-14), respectively. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman's correlation (P &lt; .05).ResultsOf the 350 patients, 164 consented to participation. Data from 26 participants were excluded because of incomplete entries, and that from 138 subjects (mean age 21.02 ± 5.45 years) were examined. TMD-related symptoms were present in two-thirds of the subjects, with 20.3% experiencing moderate/severe TMDs. While no significant difference in PAR scores were observed between the group with no TMDs and those with TMDs, subjects with TMDs had significantly higher OHIP-14 summary/domain scores than those without TMDs. Although a moderately strong correlation was observed between the FAI and summary OHIP-14 scores (rs = 0.57), no association was observed between FAI and PAR index scores.ConclusionsThe prevalence of TMD-related symptoms in prospective orthodontic patients was high, emphasizing the importance of screening the masticatory system before initiating orthodontic therapy. Although the presence of TMDs was not associated with malocclusion severity, it had a significant negative impact on OHRQoL.
Eliza HAYWOOD, «Anti-Pamela; o, el descubrimiento de la falsa pureza»
Authors: Aparicio Alfaro Nora 
Published: February 2021

El pasaje que traduciremos a continuación pertenece a la obra publicada en 1741, Anti-Pamela; or, Feign’d Innocence Detected, por la novelista inglesa Eliza Haywood (1693-1756) una de las personalidades literarias más atractivas del s. xviii. No se sabe con exactitud la fecha o el lugar de nacimiento de Haywood, aunque muchos la sitúan en 1693. Inició su carrera en Dublín, en un principio como actriz; sin embargo, más tarde, en 1719, comenzó a centrarse en la escritura con la publicación de su primera novela, Love in Excess (1719). A pesar del desconocimiento de su obra en nuestro país, pues tan solo se ha realizado una traducción al gallego de una de sus publicaciones en 2010, titulada A dama solitaria & fantomina (traducida por María Fe González Fernández), Haywood logró consagrarse como una de las novelistas más conocidas de su época en el panorama de la literatura inglesa de su tiempo.[1]
Por lo que respecta a su obra Anti-Pamela, la pretensión inicial de la autora al publicarla fue la de realizar una crítica jocosa de la novela epistolar más importante de la época, Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded, publicada en 1740 por su coetáneo Samuel Richardson. La novela de Richardson gira en torno a Pamela, una humilde criada que rechaza las constantes e indecentes propuestas de su amo, el señor B, con el objetivo de proteger su virtud. Este comportamiento se ve más tarde recompensado a través de una propuesta de matrimonio por parte del señor B. Haywood realiza una crítica de los valores propuestos en esta novela, así como del personaje principal y las intenciones ocultas que se encuentran tras sus actos a través de la creación del personaje de Syrena, una joven criada cuyo juicio queda nublado por su ambición y codicia desmesuradas, dispuesta a hacer lo que sea para conseguir ascender en el escalafón social y llevar una vida acomodada y sin preocupaciones.
El extracto expuesto a continuación corresponde a la tercera carta que Syrena escribe a su madre, cómplice de sus fechorías y engaños, en la cual la protagonista expone el cruel engaño al que el señor L, un joven adinerado heredero de la fortuna de la familia para la que Syrena trabaja, se ha visto sometido. Este fragmento constituye una de las partes más importantes de la novela, pues realiza un retrato perfecto del comportamiento y la ambición sin límites tanto del personaje principal como de la madre de esta.

[1] Para mayor información, véase: Lorenzo Modia (1998), Ingrassia (2004: pp. 7-43), King (2015: en línea) o Enclyclopaedia Britannica (2019: en línea).
Temas transversales en acción
Authors: Abate Stella Maris , Orellano Verónica 
Published: February 2021

El trabajo presenta un paneo de distintas denominaciones que han realizado colegas del campo de la pedagogía y del curriculum sobre la idea de temas transversales y controversiales en la educación. Se presentan seis temas transversales con potencia de ser abordados en clave controversial, los mismos surgen de conversaciones con colegas del campo curricular y con docentes de nuestra universidad sobre distintas propuestas “en acto”. Asimismo se listan a modo de ejemplos espacios curriculares con apertura a alojar estos nuevos temas. Se cierra con una enumeración de acontecimientos y sujetos que impulsan la construcción de los temas presentados.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA ETIKA BERPERILAKU DENGAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR LOGIS DAN KONFORMITAS PADA SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA DI SIDOARJO
Authors: Ilmiyah Rosyikhotul 
Published: February 2021

Lingkup sosial yang semakin tidak terbatas membuat remaja kurang memegang teguh aturan dan norma yang berlaku di masyarakat sehingga menimbulkan etika berperilaku yang kurang baik. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi masalah pada peserta didik yang merujuk pada maraknya fenomena menurunnya etika dalam berperilaku pada peserta didik kelas VIII SMP œX Sidoarjo. Cara bagaimana individu berperilaku dapat diengaruhi oleh sejumlah faktor, antara lain kemampuan berpikir logis dan keterkaitannya dengan nilai kelompok . Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah tersebut tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara etika berperilaku dengan kemampuan berpikir logis dan konformitas. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan sampel penelitian terdiri dari 184 peserta didik kelas VIII SMP œX Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini menggunakan satu alat tes berpikir logis dan dua skala yakni skala etika berperilaku dan skala konformitas. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah korelasi Kendalls tau-b untuk menguji hubungan dua variabel dan korelasi Kendall-W test untuk menguji hubungan tiga variabel. Hasil dari analisis data korelasi Kendalls tau-b antara kemampuan berpikir logis dan etika berperilaku menunjukkan taraf signifikansi 0,161, konformitas dengan etika berperilaku menunjukkan taraf signifikansi 0,019. Hasil analisis data korelasi Kendalls tau-b antara kemampuan berpikir logis dan konformitas menunjukkan taraf signifikansi 0,017. Hasil analisis korelasi Kendall-W test secara bersama-sama antara tiga variabel menunjukkan nilai signifikansi 0,000 yang menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir logis dan konformitas secara bersama-sama berhubungan secara signifikan dengan etika berperilaku. Perlu adanya usaha pendampingan dan bimbingan bagi peserta didik agar mecapai perkembangan yang optimal di sekolah dengan tanpa mengesampingkan etika.Kata Kunci : Kemampuan Berpikir Logis, Konformitas, Etika Berperilaku
PLAY THERAPY ART EXPRESSION MEDIA MENGGAMBAR UNTUK MENGURANGI STRESS PESERTA DIDIK DALAM MENGERJAKAN TUGAS PEMBELAJARAN DARING
Authors: Sulistyowati Etik , Dianasari Anita 
Published: February 2021

Masa Pandemi Covid-19 merupakan masa tersulit bagi peserta didik. Salah satunya dampak terberat pada peserta didik yakni tekanan pembelajaran jarak jauh system dalam jaringan, yang mana interksi peserta didik dengan guru terbatas tidak selonggar ketika pembelajaran tatap muka di kelas. Secara psikologis anak ketika penerapaan pembelajaran jarak jauh yaitu tekanan dari orang tua maupun lingkungan sekitar dengan kompleksitas permasalahan yang ada, seringkali tidak dapat dihindari stress yang dialami oleh peserta didik, dalam hal ini stress akibat beban tugas pembelajaran jarak jauh atau daring. Artikel ini ditulis sebagai salah satu upaya untuk membantu memberikan solusi strategi untuk meringankan beban peserta didik tersebut. Play therapy art expression media menggambar dengan lima R tahap terapi ini yakni : Relating (Berhubungan), Releasing (Melegakan) perasaan, Re-Creating (menciptakan kembali), Reexperience (Mengalami kembali), dan Resolving (Memecahkan) harapannya dapat digunakan guru bimbingan konseling sebagai salah satu intervensi dalam membantu mengurangi stress pada peserta didik.ketika mendapat tekanan maupun beban berat dalam mengerjakan tugas pembelajaran daring
“Ela gosta mais dos carros do que das bonecas”: identidades de gênero no contexto escolar
Authors: Schiitz Litiéli Wollmann , Martinez Lucas da Silva , Salva Sueli 
Published: February 2021

Este estudo objetiva compreender como as identidades de gênero se evidenciam nas situações de brincadeira e interação das crianças dentro do contexto escolar. A metodologia da pesquisa é qualitativa e se alinha à princípios da etnografia com base em observações participantes em um contexto de anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, junto à registros em diário de campo. Observou-se que as professoras necessitam de espaço para reflexão e discussão sobre gênero, percebeu-se ainda que as crianças em suas brincadeiras, em alguns momentos, reproduzem o que foi aprendido socialmente, e em outros, transgridem, protagonizando maneiras diferentes de ser menino ou menina, (re)inventando identidades de gênero.