bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanically Strong Heterogeneous Catalysts via Immobilization of Powderous Catalysts to Porous Plastic Tablets
Authors: Li Tingting , Xu Bo 
Published: June 2021

Main observation and conclusionWe describe a practical and general protocol for immobilization of heterogeneous catalysts to mechanically robust porous ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene tablets using inter‐facial Lifshitz‐van der Waals Interactions. Diverse types of powderous catalysts, including Cu, Pd/C, Pd/Al2O3, Pt/C, and Rh/C have been immobilized successfully. The immobilized catalysts are mechanistically robust towards stirring in solutions, and they worked well in diverse synthetic reactions. The immobilized catalyst tablets are easy to handle and reused. Moreover, the metal leaching of immobilized catalysts was reduced significantly.
A Noncovalently Fused‐Ring Asymmetric Electron Acceptor Enables Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Ji , Guo Qing , Liu Qi , Lv Junfang , Liang Haiyan , Wang Yang , Zhu Lei , Liu Feng , Guo Xia , Zhang Maojie 
Published: June 2021

Main observation and conclusionRecently, the asymmetric nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) with acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A‐D‐A) structure have been developed rapidly, especially for the modification of asymmetric core, asymmetric side chains and asymmetric end groups. In this work, a novel asymmetric A‐D‐π‐A type NFA with a noncovalently fused‐ring core named PIST‐4F is synthesized, containing an indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]dithiophene (IDT), two strong electron‐withdrawing end groups and an alkylthio‐substituted thiophene π‐bridge. Benefiting from the S···S noncovalent interaction between the sulfur atom on π‐bridge and the adjacent thiophene in IDT, the PIST‐4F presents nearly planar geometry and extended conjugated area, resulting in the optimized electronic properties, charge transport, and film morphology compared to the symmetric NFA PI‐4F. As a result, PM6:PIST‐4F‐based devices achieve a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.8%, while the PM6:PI‐4F‐based devices only show a PCE of 7.1%. Notably, the PM6:PIST‐4F‐based devices processed with nonhalogen solvent toluene exhibit an excellent PCE as high as 13.1%. These results indicate that PIST‐4F is an effective acceptor for high‐efficiency organic solar cells.
Adipose‐specific ATGL ablation reduces burn injury‐induced metabolic derangements in mice
Authors: Kaur Supreet , Auger Christopher , Barayan Dalia , Shah Priyal , Matveev Anna , Knuth Carly M. , Harris Thurl E. , Jeschke Marc G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHypermetabolism following severe burn injuries is associated with adipocyte dysfunction, elevated beige adipocyte formation, and increased energy expenditure. The resulting catabolism of adipose leads to detrimental sequelae such as fatty liver, increased risk of infections, sepsis, and even death. While the phenomenon of pathological white adipose tissue (WAT) browning is well‐documented in cachexia and burn models, the molecular mechanisms are essentially unknown. Here, we report that adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) plays a central role in burn‐induced WAT dysfunction and systemic outcomes. Targeting adipose‐specific ATGL in a murine (AKO) model resulted in diminished browning, decreased circulating fatty acids, and mitigation of burn‐induced hepatomegaly. To assess the clinical applicability of targeting ATGL, we demonstrate that the selective ATGL inhibitor atglistatin mimics the AKO results, suggesting a path forward for improving patient outcomes.
Heteroleptic Copper(I) Complexes Prepared from Mono‐ and Tetra‐phenylbenzene‐substituted Phenanthroline Ligands
Authors: Ralahy Brigino , Hahn Uwe , Wasielewski Emeric , Nierengarten Jean‐François 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhenanthroline ligands bearing two biphenyl (L1) or two tetraarylbenzene (L2) substituents have been synthetized and used to prepare bis‐phenanthroline copper(I) complexes. Steric constraints are limited in the case of the biphenyl‐substituted ligand and [Cu(L1)2](BF4) has been obtained by reaction of L1 with [Cu(CH3CN)4](BF4). In contrast, the tetraarylbenzene substituents of L2 are large enough to totally prevent the formation of the corresponding homoleptic bis‐phenanthroline copper(I) complex. Both L1 and L2 have been also combined with 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (dmp) to prepare the corresponding heteroleptic bis‐phenanthroline copper(I) complexes. All the copper(I) complexes obtained from L1 and L2 revealed dynamic conformational exchange between several atropisomers. Detailed NMR studies and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out to assess their conformations in solution.
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the MicroRNAs Responsible for Liver Regeneration Associated With Mortality in Alcohol‐Associated Hepatitis
Authors: Yang Zhihong , Zhang Ting , Kusumanchi Praveen , Tang Qing , Sun Zhaoli , Radaeva Svetlana , Peiffer Brandon , Shah Vijay H. , Kamath Patrick , Gores Greg J. , Sanyal Arun , Chalasani Naga , Jiang Yanchao , Huda Nazmul , Ma Jing , Liangpunsakul Suthat 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims
We conducted a comprehensive serum transcriptomic analysis to explore the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) pathogenesis and their prognostic significance.

Approach and Results
Serum miRNA profiling was performed in 15 controls, 20 heavy drinkers without liver disease, and 65 patients with AH and compared to publicly available hepatic miRNA profiling in AH patients. Among the top 26 miRNAs, expression of miR‐30b‐5p, miR‐20a‐5p, miR‐146a‐5p, and miR‐26b‐5p were significantly reduced in both serum and liver of AH patients. Pathway analysis of the potential targets of these miRNAs uncovered the genes related to DNA synthesis and cell‐cycle progression pathways, including ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2), cyclin D1 (CCND1), cyclin D2 (CCND2), MYC proto‐oncogene (MYC), and phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate‐induced protein 1 (PMAIP1). We found a significant increase in the protein expression of RRM2, CCND1, and CCND2, but not MYC and PMAIP1, in AH patients who underwent liver transplantation; miR‐26b‐5p and miR‐30b‐5p inhibited the 3′‐UTR (untranslated region) luciferase activity of RRM2 and CCND2, and miR‐20a‐5p reduced the 3′‐UTR luciferase activity of CCND1 and CCND2. During a median follow‐up of 346 days, 21% of AH patients died; these patients had higher body mass index (BMI), Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD), and serum miR‐30b‐5p, miR‐20a‐5p, miR‐146a‐5p, and miR‐26b‐5p than those who survived. Cox regression analysis showed that BMI, MELD score, miR‐20a‐5p, miR‐146a‐5p, and miR‐26b‐5p predicted mortality.

Conclusions
Patients with AH attempt to deal with hepatocyte injury by down‐regulating specific miRNAs and up‐regulating genes responsible for DNA synthesis and cell‐cycle progression. Higher expression of these miRNAs, suggestive of a diminished capacity in liver regeneration, predicts short‐term mortality in AH patients.
A novel bias correction method for extreme rainfall events based on L‐moments
Authors: Anthanahalli Nanjegowda Rohith , Kulamulla Parambath Sudheer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe effectiveness of bias correction (BC) of global‐scale future climate projections is crucial in climate change studies. The magnitude of error in the BC affect climate change adaptation decisions. The existing BC methods vary in their complexity, and exhibit limitations on data length, degrees of freedom etc. This study proposes a new method, L‐moments Scaling (L‐mS), which is both parsimonious and efficient in bias‐correcting extreme rainfall events. The L‐mS method applies corrections to the first three L‐moments of the data to bias correct the entire distribution. The proposed method's efficiency was demonstrated at two stations in India, Chennai and Hyderabad, for 1‐day Annual Maximum (AM) precipitation simulations from EC‐EARTH and MIROC5 models. A comparison was performed with five widely used BC methods using two validation procedures: Strict Split‐Sample (SSS) and Bootstrapped Split‐Sample (BSS). The results revealed that the L‐mS method could outperform all the five BC Methods with increased accuracy (0%–18% in SSS and 3%–21% in BSS), and with minimal variability among the bootstrapped samples in terms of Normalized‐Root‐Mean‐Square‐Error (NRMSE). The method was also applied on 1° gridded data over India for 1‐day, 2‐day, 3‐day, 7‐day AM, and Annual Totals, and the future (2021–2050) projections were bias‐corrected using L‐mS method. The L‐mS method produced at least 2.5 and 3 times lesser error in mean and standard deviation, respectively, compared to observed extremes, across all the grids. The L‐mS method was able to utilize the inherent nature of frequency domain analysis to outperform similar advanced methods by correcting the entire AM data with few key statistics and could serve as an efficient tool in the BC of extreme climate variables. Also, the bias‐corrected future projections indicated the magnitudes of extreme rainfall events are expected to decrease in 35%–40% and increase in 60%–65% of the grids.
Precipitation projections over the Indus River Basin of Pakistan for the 21st century using a statistical downscaling framework
Authors: Pomee Muhammad Saleem , Hertig Elke 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe estimate future changes in precipitation over the entire Indus basin of Pakistan with a particular focus on the high‐elevation upper indus basin (UIB). A statistical downscaling approach is used. We consider the spatial variability of observed precipitation on seasonal scales. Large‐scale atmospheric patterns are employed for general circulation model (GCM) selection and subsequent projections. Firstly, we identify the precipitation governing predictors from ERA‐Interim reanalysis. We further quantify the robustness of governing predictors against other reanalysis datasets (ERA5 and NCEP‐NCAR‐II) to assess future projections' fidelity. We perform S‐mode Principal Component Analysis on predictor fields and compare loading patterns using Taylor diagrams to assess predictor correspondence between different reanalysis. Similarly, we compare ERA‐Interim variables with model‐simulated fields during the historical period to select better performing GCMs and quantify model uncertainty. The regional suitability of available GCMs in our study is also demonstrated. Ensemble (median) changes in regional precipitation derived through atmospheric fields show an elevation‐dependent response of the UIB at representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, where increased precipitation will mostly fall at high elevations. However, the positive signals are more distinct during the winter and monsoon seasons, particularly over the central Karakoram. Meanwhile, a decrease in precipitation is robust during the pre‐monsoon period, particularly over the northwestern regions. These signals intensify and become more robust during 2071–2100 under RCP8.5, and the better‐performing models and signal‐to‐noise ratios further support this finding. The spatial patterns of projected changes suggest stronger (weaker) and further northward penetrating westerly systems during the winter (pre‐monsoon) season. Increased warming will also strengthen monsoon circulations, and these will penetrate further into the northwestern and trans‐Himalayan regions. The Lower Indus shows a mixed seasonal response that is more uncertain. The present analysis provides an alternative perspective to the ongoing research of assessing climate responses in complex regions.
Detecting pigments from gypsum endoliths using Raman spectroscopy: From field prospection to laboratory studies
Authors: Němečková Kateřina , Culka Adam , Jehlička Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicrobial colonisations of gypsum from different sites from Southern Sicily and Eastern Poland were investigated using laboratory‐based Raman microspectrometers and portable Raman spectrometric devices. Selected zones of microbial colonisations of few types of gypsum are described from the point of view of the presence of algae and cyanobacteria. Macrocrystalline gypsum layers in Sicily and Eastern Poland originate from Tertiary sedimentary series. In Southern Sicily gypsum outcrops from late Miocene age were investigated near Scala dei Turchi, Torre Salsa and Siculiana Marina. Polish Tertiary Middle Miocene age examples of gypsum colonisations of decimetre to metre long outcropping gypsum crystals were studied near Chotel Czerwony, Skorocice and Chwalowice. Common microbial pigments were detected: carotenoids were documented in majority of the samples (common Raman bands at around 1525, 1157 and 1004 cm−1), Raman spectra of other pigments were recorded in several zones using near infrared excitation (785 nm): chlorophyll (1326, 1285, 1188 and 745 cm−1), scytonemin (1593, 1552, 1438 and 1173 cm−1) and phycobiliproteins (1275 cm−1). Raman microspectrometric investigations of colonisations allow to gather detailed information about pigment distribution in micrometric zones of gypsum samples. Portable instrumentation permits also detection of carotenoids. Observed shifts of positions of Raman features of carotenoids between gypsum samples (and sites worldwide) and relative to reference values are discussed and critically evaluated.
A review of nasopharyngeal swab and saliva tests for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: Disease timelines, relative sensitivities, and test optimization
Authors: Roque Marylin , Proudfoot Kevin , Mathys Vadim , Yu Sophie , Krieger Natalie , Gernon Thomas , Gokli Kash , Hamilton Stanley , Cook Colin , Fong Yuman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTesting is an essential part of containment of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic. This review summarizes studies for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and testing. Nasopharyngeal samples are best at sensitivity detection, especially in early stages of disease and in asymptomatic individuals. Current swab processing involves a 100‐ to 1000‐fold dilution of the patient sample. Future optimization of testing should focus on using smaller volumes of viral transport media and swab designs to increase comfort and increased viral adhesion.
A kinematic model‐based analysis framework for 3D Cine‐DENSE—validation with an axially compressed gel phantom and application in sheep before and after antero‐apical myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Vicky Y. , Tartibi Mehrzad , Zhang Yue , Selvaganesan Kartiga , Haraldsson Henrik , Auger Daniel A. , Faraji Farshid , Spaulding Kimberly , Takaba Kiyoaki , Collins Alexander , Aguayo Esteban , Saloner David , Wallace Arthur W. , Weinsaft Jonathan W. , Epstein Frederick H. , Guccione Julius , Ge Liang , Ratcliffe Mark B. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeMyocardial strain is increasingly used to assess left ventricular (LV) function. Incorporation of LV deformation into finite element (FE) modeling environment with subsequent strain calculation will allow analysis to reach its full potential. We describe a new kinematic model‐based analysis framework (KMAF) to calculate strain from 3D cine‐DENSE (displacement encoding with stimulated echoes) MRI.MethodsCine‐DENSE allows measurement of 3D myocardial displacement with high spatial accuracy. The KMAF framework uses cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to facilitate cine‐DENSE segmentation, interpolates cine‐DENSE displacement, and kinematically deforms an FE model to calculate strain. This framework was validated in an axially compressed gel phantom and applied in 10 healthy sheep and 5 sheep after myocardial infarction (MI).ResultsExcellent Bland–Altman agreement of peak circumferential (Ecc) and longitudinal (Ell) strain (mean difference = 0.021 ± 0.04 and −0.006 ± 0.03, respectively), was found between KMAF estimates and idealized FE simulation. Err had a mean difference of −0.014 but larger variation (±0.12). Cine‐DENSE estimated end‐systolic (ES) Ecc, Ell and Err exhibited significant spatial variation for healthy sheep. Displacement magnitude was reduced on average by 27%, 42%, and 56% after MI in the remote, adjacent and MI regions, respectively.ConclusionsThe KMAF framework allows accurate calculation of 3D LV Ecc and Ell from cine‐DENSE.
Continuation methods for nonnegative rank‐1 approximation of nonnegative tensors
Authors: Hsu Fu‐Shin , Kuo Yueh‐Cheng , Liu Ching‐Sung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, the rank‐1 approximation of a nonnegative tensor is considered. Mathematically, the approximation problem can be formulated as an optimization problem. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) point of the optimization problem can be obtained by computing the nonnegative Z‐eigenvectoryof enlarged tensor . Therefore, we propose an iterative method with prediction and correction steps for computing nonnegative Z‐eigenvectoryof enlarged tensor , called the continuation method. In the theoretical part, we show that the computation requires only flops for each iteration and the computed Z‐eigenvectoryhas nonzero component block, and hence, the KKT point can be obtained. In addition, we show that the KKT point is a local optimizer of the optimization problem. Numerical experiments are provided to support the theoretical results.
Flexible and Filter‐Free Color‐Imaging Sensors with Multicomponent Perovskites Deposited Using Enhanced Vapor Technology
Authors: Chen Yantao , Zhao Chenyang , Zhang Tingting , Wu Xiaohan , Zhang Wenjing , Ding Shi‐Jin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHalide perovskites are promising photoactive materials for filter‐free color‐imaging sensors owing to their outstanding optoelectronic properties, tunable bandgaps, and suitability for large‐scale fabrication. However, producing patterned perovskite films of sufficiently high quality for such applications poses a challenge for existing fabrication methods: using solution processes to prepare patterned perovskite films is complicated, while evaporation methods often result in perovskite photodetectors with limited performance. In this paper, the authors report the development of an improved evaporation method in which substrates are treated with a brominated (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane self‐assembled monolayer to improve the properties of the patterned perovskite films. The resulting perovskite photodetectors exhibit significantly enhanced photosensitivity and long‐term stability (exceeding 100 days). Additionally, the polymer substrates facilitate device flexibility. Finally, perovskites comprising three different halide components, each with a different bandgap, are integrated into a device array using the developed evaporation technology, yielding sensors that enable the discrimination of red, green, and blue colors. Thus, the flexible photosensor arrays can generate colorful images closely resembling perceived patterns, demonstrating reliable color imaging. Therefore, this study successfully demonstrates filter‐free color‐imaging by integrating high‐performance patterned and multicomponent perovskite photodetectors, highlighting the potential of such detectors for advanced optoelectronic applications, including hyperspectral imaging.
Enhanced Li+ Transport in Ionic Liquid‐Based Electrolytes Aided by Fluorinated Ethers for Highly Efficient Lithium Metal Batteries with Improved Rate Capability
Authors: Liu Xu , Zarrabeitia Maider , Mariani Alessandro , Gao Xinpei , Schütz Hanno Maria , Fang Shan , Bizien Thomas , Elia Giuseppe Antonio , Passerini Stefano 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFSI−‐based ionic liquids (ILs) are promising electrolyte candidates for long‐life and safe lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, their practical application is hindered by sluggish Li+ transport at room temperature. Herein, it is shown that additions of bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) ether (BTFE) to LiFSI‐Pyr14FSI ILs can effectively mitigate this shortcoming, while maintaining ILs′ high compatibility with lithium metal. Raman spectroscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering indicate that the promoted Li+ transport in the optimized electrolyte, [LiFSI]3[Pyr14FSI]4[BTFE]4 (Li3Py4BT4), originates from the reduced solution viscosity and increased formation of Li+‐FSI− complexes, which are associated with the low viscosity and non‐coordinating character of BTFE. As a result, Li/LiFePO4 (LFP) cells using Li3Py4BT4 electrolyte reach 150 mAh g−1 at 1 C rate (1 mA cm−2) and a capacity retention of 94.6% after 400 cycles, revealing better characteristics with respect to the cells employing the LiFSI‐Pyr14FSI (operate only a few cycles) and commercial carbonate (80% retention after only 218 cycles) electrolytes. A wide operating temperature (from −10 to 40 °C) of the Li/Li3Py4BT4/LFP cells and a good compatibility of Li3Py4BT4 with LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) are demonstrated also. The insight into the enhanced Li+ transport and solid electrolyte interphase characteristics suggests valuable information to develop IL‐based electrolytes for LMBs.
Perinatal risk factors of neurodevelopmental impairment after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation for twin–twin transfusion syndrome: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hessami K. , Nassr A. A. , Sananès N. , Castillo J. , Castillo H. A. , Sanz Cortes M. , Espinoza J. , Donepudi R. V. , Sun R. C. , Krispin E. , Belfort M. A. , Shamshirsaz A. A. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveMonochorionic twins with twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) treated with fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP) are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). This meta‐analysis aimed to identify the prevalence of and perinatal risk factors for NDI in TTTS survivors treated with FLP.MethodsWe performed a search in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science, from inception to 13 February 2021, for studies evaluating perinatal risk factors for NDI in children diagnosed prenatally with TTTS managed by FLP. Data on severity of TTTS at the time of diagnosis, defined according to the Quintero staging system, FLP‐related complications and perinatal outcomes were compared between children with a history of TTTS treated with FLP with and those without NDI, which was defined as performance on a cognitive or developmental assessment tool ≥ 2 SD below the mean or a defined motor or sensory disability. A random‐effects model was used to pool the mean differences or odds ratios (OR) with the corresponding 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.ResultsNine studies with a total of 1499 TTTS survivors were included. The overall incidence of NDI was 14.0% (95% CI, 9.0–18.0%). The occurrence of NDI in TTTS survivors was associated with later gestational age (GA) at FLP (mean difference, 0.94 weeks (95% CI, 0.50–1.38 weeks); P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%), earlier GA at delivery (mean difference, –1.44 weeks (95% CI, –2.28 to –0.61 weeks); P = 0.0007, I2 = 49%) and lower birth weight (mean difference, –343.26 g (95% CI, –470.59 to –215.92 g); P < 0.00001, I2 = 27%). Evaluation of different GA cut‐offs showed that preterm birth before 32 weeks was associated with higher risk for NDI later in childhood (OR, 2.25 (95% CI, 1.02–4.94); P = 0.04, I2 = 35%). No statistically significant difference was found between cases with and those without NDI with respect to Quintero stage of TTTS, recipient or donor status, development of postlaser twin anemia–polycythemia sequence, recurrence of TTTS and incidence of small‐ for‐gestational age or cotwin fetal demise.ConclusionsTTTS survivors with later GA at the time of FLP, earlier GA at delivery and lower birth weight are at higher risk of developing NDI. No significant association was found between Quintero stage of TTTS and risk of NDI. Our findings may be helpful for parental counseling and highlight the need for future studies to understand better the risk factors for NDI in TTTS survivors. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.