bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bézier extraction based isogeometric approach to multi‐objective topology optimization of periodic microstructures
Authors: Zhuang Chungang , Xiong Zhenhua , Ding Han 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article presents the Bézier extraction based isogeometric approach to multi‐objective topology optimization of periodic microstructures. The approach utilizes the B‐splines based Bézier elements as the finite element representation at both macro and micro levels. The equivalent elastic properties of the representative volume element (RVE) are computed by the numerical homogenization method with the periodic boundary conditions on the control points (CPs) of the B‐spline mesh. The multi‐objective optimization problems including the material bulk modulus maximization, negative Poisson's ratio, and concurrent topology optimization of the composite structures are formulated by using the Bézier elements based isogeometric analysis. The distance‐based density distribution on the CPs of the B‐spline mesh is proposed as the initialization for designing the RVE, which is more robust than the uniform density distribution towards the optimal results. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and a variety of isotropic and anisotropic RVEs and composite structures are obtained. Meanwhile, various influences on the optimal design of the RVE and macrostructure are also discussed.
The forms of decommodification and (de)familisation measures during COVID‐19: What is the impact on female's welfare?
Authors: Yuda Tauchid Komara , Rezza Muhammad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing the decommodification and (de)familisation framework, this paper examines the two main Social Safety Net programme during the pandemic and its effect on female welfare in Indonesia. It is argued that despite expansion of decommodification measures through unemployment benefits, females tend to benefit less because the existing labour force structure is highly dominated by males. Hence, the only way of being financially secure is to have access to Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT), which means it then exposes them to greater risk of familisation. This is because to be eligible for CCT, they are (informally) required to perform unpaid caregiving. This article concludes that familial ethics has become a rationale for the state to push females to seek social support through a family relationship, resulting in social risk internalisation during the COVID‐19 crisis, rather granting them citizenship rights‐based welfare.
Interpreting lived experiences: The dilemmas of public sector leaders
Authors: Masud Mehedi , Hossain Md. Rakib 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDilemmas are a useful concept for exploring leadership practices and decision‐making process. Preserving the integrity of the state and yet to be representative—this classic dilemma is faced by Bangladeshi Public Sector Leaders (PSLs). Taking an interpretive approach, this research presents empirical insights in an important subfield of public administration, namely, lived experiences of PSL about the public sector reforms and governance practice. The researchers administered in‐depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). What emerged as the salient dilemmas of PSLs are: the dilemma of public sector leadership: the colonial legacy, power relationship dilemma in the system of government, domestic reform strategy versus donor reform strategy, public interest versus vested interest and lastly, commitment versus service to multiple stakeholders. It also identified that there is a significant presence of NPM overtones in the PSL response towards the reform programme that illustrates the prominent features of decentralization and bureaucratic entrepreneurship.
Shape memory polymers as actuators: Characterization of the relevant parameters under constrained recovery
Authors: Peixoto Carina , Zille Andrea , Ferreira da Silva Alexandre , Carneiro Olga Sousa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, a shape memory polyurethane is characterized through constrained recovery experiments performed in a tensile testing equipment. The most relevant results obtained are those concerned with the stress released over time during the recovery stage, since they provide quantitative information that can be used in the design of actuators. For this sake, design guidelines are proposed based on the effect of: (i) the programming temperature; (ii) the deformation imposed during the programming stage; (iii) the recovery temperature; and (iv) the manufacturing process used to produce the samples tested (compression molding and Fused Filament Fabrication). The set of experiments performed with compression‐molded samples put in evidence a considerable variety of material responses: (i) the maximum released stress varied from 0.74 to 1.68 MPa; (ii) the time required to attain this stress varied from 47 to 600 s; and (iii) the stress was released as a peak value that relaxed rapidly, or, contrarily, had a lasting effect. Another relevant conclusion is that the 3D printing technique does not affect the shape memory behavior of the material. Having this in mind, the conclusions provided by the compression‐molded samples study can be extended to printed ones.
Stepwise surface modification of mesoporous silica and its use in poly(urethane‐urea) composite films
Authors: Fakhar Afsaneh , Sadeghi Morteza , Dinari Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe compatibility between polymer matrix and filler is a vital issue in the fabrication of composites with desirable properties. To enhance the interfacial adhesion between matrix and filler, various surface modification treatments are applied. The objective of this study was to increase the affinity of silica and poly(urethane‐urea)s (PUUs), thereby improving the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. Stepwise surface modification of mesoporous silica with amine‐containing dendrimers was done. Various techniques were used to confirm the surface‐modified structure during the stepwise reaction. Additionally, the N2 adsorption–desorption method indicated a gradual reduction in surface area, pore diameter and pore volume of the particles, which warrants the gradual propagation of the dendrimers on the surface and also inside the pores. A type IV isotherm was obtained in this analysis. Two types of pre‐synthesized PUUs were chosen for composite preparation containing the surface‐modified silica with 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5 wt% concentrations. Due to the high affinity of the dendrimers containing amine moieties on the particles with polyurethane, a proper dispersion of particles in the matrix was achieved based on scanning electron micrographs. Tensile measurements showed an increased Young's modulus and strength of polyurethane films as a result of addition of the particles. However, no significant improvement in the tensile performance of the composites was seen above 2.5 wt% particle loading due to some particle aggregations. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Preliminary validation of a questionnaire assessing psychological distress in caregivers of patients with malignant mesothelioma: Mesothelioma Psychological Distress Tool—Caregivers
Authors: Bonafede Michela , Chiorri Carlo , Azzolina Danila , Marinaccio Alessandro , Migliore Enrica , Mensi Carolina , Chellini Elisabetta , Romeo Elisa , Grosso Federica , Franzoi Isabella Giulia , Granieri Antonella , Guglielmucci Fanny 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a short, flexible, and comprehensive tool to measure psychological distress in caregivers of malignant mesothelioma (MM) patients: the Mesothelioma Psychological Distress Tool—Caregivers version (MPDT‐C).MethodsBased on a systematic review of the relevant literature, aspects associated with caregiver distress were derived. Expert researchers/clinicians developed a pool of items for each identified aspect. Content validity was assessed through a multiple mixed‐methods approach. A multicenter study was conducted to explore the factorial structure of the 47‐item MPDT‐C through Bayesian factor analysis.ResultsThe Bayesian exploratory factor analysis revealed an underlying three‐factor structure. Factors were labeled Secondary Traumatic Stress, Engagement in Caring, and Meaningful Cognitive Restructuring. All scales showed sufficient reliability and corrected item–total correlations. Females scored higher than males for Engagement in Caring.ConclusionsTaking care of malignant mesothelioma patients is a stressful process that influences the caregiver's physical, emotional, and social wellbeing. Our study offers preliminary evidence in support of the adequate psychometric properties of the MPDT‐C, and these should now be replicated. Results suggest that the MPDT‐C is a reliable tool with which to detect the psychological distress of this traumatized population.
Broadcasting of tiny granules by drone to mimic liquid spraying for the control of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)
Authors: Yan Xiaojing , Yuan Huizhu , Chen Yixuan , Shi Xin , Liu Xiaohui , Wang Zhenying , Liu Yue , Yang Daibin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is an invasive pest. Maize is one of its preferred host plants. The traditional application of granules has been effective for the control of FAW. Nevertheless, the challenge is to develop an application method that is less labor‐intensive and also efficient.RESULTSTiny granules in the size range of 0.38–0.55 mm were prepared by the centrifugal granulation method for drone application. The in‐swath distribution patterns of granules deposited on sticky tapes were similar to the distribution of aqueous droplets through drone spraying. In the range of 1.5–3.5 m, a relatively higher aircraft height of flight can provide a more uniform distribution pattern of deposited granules, but resulted in less deposit of tiny granules in the whorl of maize plants. Similarly, the deposit of granules in the whorl of maize plants significantly decreased when the flight speed increased from 4 to 6 m s−1. Granules gathered in the whorl accounted for 50.8–58.7% of total granules deposited in the maize canopy. The field experiment demonstrates granular formulations (containing 0.25% chlorantraniliprole + 0.15% emamectin benzoate, or higher concentrations) can provide better and longer duration of FAW control than the aqueous spray formulation at the whorl stage of maize plants.CONCLUSIONBroadcasting of tiny granules by drone can provide better FAW control than liquid spray. The architecture of the maize plant and the downward airstream of the drone create favorable conditions for the deposition of granules in whorls. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Migrant subjectivities and temporal flexibility of East‐Central European labour migration to the United Kingdom
Authors: Shubin Sergei , McCollum David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper seeks to broaden existing understandings of migrant worker flexibility drawing on the data from the two ethnographic studies of low‐wage employers and Eastern European migrants in Scotland. It focuses on the temporal aspects of flexibility production in employment discourse and temporal expectations about flexible migrant workers. Our findings reveal double movement of interruption and remaking of temporal flexibility, which challenges directional expectations about time and unsettles the assumed connectivity between flexibility's temporal elements. Uncertainty and instability of migration and employment frameworks undermine the attempts of employers and migrants to manage time, to develop continuous portfolio careers and coherent temporal horizons. Furthermore, contested temporal expectations about flexible migrant workers create fragmented and fractured “flexiworkers” that do not fit within the existing temporal frameworks of signs, routines, and rhythms. The paper suggests re‐orientation of flexibility debates beyond temporal measurement, outside familiar temporal structures, and towards redefinition of flexible worker identities.
Combining topography and peptide to inhibit algae attachment: Preparation of peptide‐modified microstructured surfaces
Authors: Cao Pan , Liu De , Liu Yuhan , Zhang Yan , Yuan Chengqing , Zhang Chao 
Published: August 2021

Marine facilities and ships are easily plagued by biofouling. Synergistic surfaces combining surface reactive ion etching and peptide modification were designed and prepared to tackle surface biofouling. Six microstructural surfaces were first designed and machined based on the contact point theory; the synergistic surfaces were then prepared by peptide modification. Laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurement, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were utilized to analyze the surface morphology and surface chemical properties; the results demonstrated that six synergistic surfaces were prepared successfully with 0.8‐μm depth, surface contact angle increased from 75° to 116.99°, and the surface chemical compositions were also changed significantly due to peptide modification. Antibiofilm assays showed that surface modification and surface topology could slightly reduce the formation of biofilm. While the synergistic surfaces possess strong anti‐algal performance, and anti‐Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) and anti‐Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) rates reached 78.56% and 87.80%, respectively after 7‐day immersion in artificial seawater. Compared with the single surface treatment method, the antifouling performance of the synergetic surfaces were stronger. This strategy demonstrated a realistic paradigm for the further improving surface antifouling performance in a green method.
Study of buried interfaces in Fe/Si multilayer by hard x‐ray emission spectroscopy
Authors: Verma Hina , Le Guen Karine , Delaunay Renaud , Ismail Iyas , Ilakovac Vita , Rueff Jean Pascal , Zheng Yunlin Jacques , Jonnard Philippe 
Published: August 2021

Hard x‐ray emission spectroscopy (XES) has been used to study buried layers and interfaces in a Fe/Si periodic multilayer. Until now, buried layers could be studied using the XES in the soft x‐ray range. Here, we extend the methodology to study the buried interfaces in hard x‐ray region (photon energy ≥ 5 keV). We report the formation of FeSi2 at all the interfaces with thicknesses of 1.4 nm. X‐ray reflectivity measurements enable us to deduce the structure and thickness of the multilayer stack, thereby confirming the presence of FeSi2.
Replacement of the Typical artedi Form of Cisco Coregonus artedi in Lake Huron by Endemic Shallow‐Water Ciscoes, Including Putative Hybrids
Authors: Eshenroder Randy L. , Kao Yu‐Chun , O’Brien Timothy P. , Olds Chris M. , Davis Chris L. , Duncan Alexander T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVarious ecomorphs of the shallow‐water Cisco Coregonus artedi were the dominant fish planktivores in each of the Great Lakes until invasive species and overfishing resulted in extirpations and extinctions. In this paper, we describe the present morphological diversity and distribution of shallow‐water Ciscoes in each of Lake Huron’s three basins: the main basin, Georgian Bay, and the North Channel. Typical artedi, a formerly widespread ecomorph that had supported the lake’s largest fishery, appears to have been extirpated from all three basins. Three types of shorthead cisco, a recently described and variable ecomorph, were extant. One type was morphologically robust and abundant along the north rim of the lake. The second type was large bodied, terete (streamlined), short finned, and collected at only one location in the main basin. The third type consisted of putative shorthead cisco × typical artedi hybrids, which were widespread in Georgian Bay and the North Channel. Only the putative hybrids were regularly collected in midwater trawls, suggesting that they were more pelagic, which we attribute to an inferred partial ancestry with typical artedi. The putative shorthead cisco × typical artedi hybrids of Georgian Bay and the North Channel have replaced typical artedi to some degree, while shorthead ciscoes in the main basin, though possibly more abundant now than in the past, have not measurably replaced typical artedi. Even with the apparent extirpation of typical artedi, Lake Huron has a greater diversity of shallow‐water Ciscoes than any of the other Great Lakes, which we attribute to its more complex topography.
“Well that's how the kids feel!”—Epistemic empathy as a driver of responsive teaching
Authors: Jaber Lama Z. , Dini Vesal , Hammer David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile research shows that responsive teaching fosters students' disciplinary learning and equitable opportunities for participation, there is yet much to know about how teachers come to be responsive to their students' experiences in the science classroom. In this work, we set out to examine whether and how engaging teachersas learnersin doing science may support responsive instructional practices. We draw on data from a year‐long blended‐online science professional development (PD) program that began with an emphasis on teachers' doing science and progressed to supporting their attention to their students' doing science. By analyzing videos from teachers' classrooms collected throughout the PD, we found that teachers became more stable in attending and responding to their students' thinking. In this article, we present evidence from teachers' reflections that this stability was supported by the teachers' intellectual and emotional experiences as learners. Specifically, we argue that engaging in extended scientific inquiry provided a basis for the teachers havingepistemic empathyfor their students—their tuning into and appreciating their students'intellectualandemotionalexperiences in science, which in turn supported teachers' responsiveness in the classroom.
Some modelling improvements for prediction of wind turbine rotor loads in turbulent wind
Authors: Muñoz‐Simón Arturo , Palacios Rafael , Wynn Andrew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the accuracy of three aerodynamic models to compute loads on wind turbine rotors under turbulent inflow: Blade Element Momentum (BEM), Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method (UVLM), and Large Eddy Simulation with Actuator Line (LES‐AL). Turbulent inflow conditions are numerically generated with a new approach that combines control of turbulence and realistic velocity spectrum by using Mann boxes and LES simulations, respectively. Several deficiencies of the tested models are found and overcome through proposed improvements. First, the BEM assumption of independent radial sections does not hold in turbulent cases with long blades. Thus, a spatial filter to account for the interaction of radial sections in BEM is designed through the analysis of these interactions with UVLM. Second, the absence of viscous drag in UVLM is observed to lead to a very high rotor power coefficient, and it is shown that this can be mitigated by including drag in UVLM with a BEM‐like‐approach through look‐up tables. Third, the free wake model in UVLM, required to accurately capture rotor thrust, significantly increases computational cost. For this reason, a new wake discretisation scheme for the wake convection equation in UVLM is proposed, in which a coarse discretisation is employed far from the solid surfaces, which significantly reduces the computational time. Finally, these improvements and the performance of the three fidelities are analysed in a reference 10 MW wind turbine rotor demonstrating, in general, good agreement.
Recent advances and applications of microspheres and nanoparticles in transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jia Guorong , Van Valkenburgh Juno , Chen Austin Z. , Chen Quan , Li Jindian , Zuo Changjing , Chen Kai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a recommended treatment for patients suffering from intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As compared to the conventional TACE, drug‐eluting bead TACE demonstrates several advantages in terms of survival, treatment response, and adverse effects. The selection of embolic agents is critical to the success of TACE. Many studies have been performed on the modification of the structure, size, homogeneity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of embolic agents. Continuing efforts are focused on efficient loading of versatile chemotherapeutics, controlled sizes for sufficient occlusion, real‐time detection intra‐ and post‐procedure, and multimodality imaging‐guided precise treatment. Here, we summarize recent advances and applications of microspheres and nanoparticles in TACE for HCC.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Short comments on chaotic behavior of a double pendulum with two subharmonic frequencies and in the main resonance zone
Authors: Avanço Rafael Henrique , Balthazar José Manoel , Tusset Ângelo Marcelo , Ribeiro Mauricio Aparecido 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe parametric pendulum and others different pendular mechanisms were extensively analyzed in current literature because of the chaotic motions. Recently, practical reasons, like energy harvesting, motivated the study of some pendular systems. The resonance and the chaos may occur in multiple and submultiple frequencies based on the natural frequency of the pendulum. In the present paper, a double pendulum is analyzed with two subharmonic frequencies and in the main resonance zone. The results found demonstrate high similarities of the double pendulum with the parametric pendulum when compared the bifurcation diagrams based on varying the amplitude. The conditions in the numerical simulation include a variation in the viscous friction in the joints and different amplitudes and frequency of excitation. The differential equations used dimensionless parameters representing time, frequency, amplitude, friction, position and velocities. Concerning the results, all tests performed have pointed that the same type of motion takes place in the two pendulums after the transient time have already elapsed.
Negative energy enhancement in layered holographic conformal field theories
Authors: May Alex , Simidzija Petar , Van Raamsdonk Mark 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Using a holographic model, we study quantum field theories with a layer of one CFT surrounded by another CFT, on either a periodic or an infinite direction. We study the vacuum energy density in each CFT as a function of the central charges, the thickness of the layer(s), and the properties of the interfaces between the CFTs. The dual spacetimes in the holographic model include two regions separated by a dynamical interface with some tension. For two or more spatial dimensions, we find that a layer of CFT with more degrees of freedom than the surrounding one can have an anomalously large negative vacuum energy density for certain types of interfaces. The negative energy density (or null-energy density in the direction perpendicular to the interface) becomes arbitrarily large for fixed layer width when the tension of the bulk interface approaches a lower critical value. We argue that in cases where we have large negative energy density, we also have an anomalously high transition temperature to the high-temperature thermal state.