bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo-mechanical forging of 708M40 steel ring samples: experiments and modelling
Authors: Hill Steven , P.Turner Richard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA series of ring compression tests using BS970:708M40 alloy steel samples were studied. These tests were conducted using a 2-factor soak-temperature variable, namely 1030 °C and 1300 °C, and a 4-factor lubricant variable consisting of unlubricated samples, synthetic water-based, graphite water-based, and graphite and molybdenum disulphide viscous grease. The lubricant agents were all applied to the tool/billet interface. Process variables such as blow force and heating were controlled with the use of a gravitationally operated drop hammer and an automated programmable induction-heating unit. This matrix of the experimental parameters offered a sound base for exploring dominant factors impacting upon bulk deformation. This deformation was measured using fully calibrated equipment and then systematically recorded. A finite element modelling framework was developed to further improve the thermo-mechanical deformation process understanding, with finite element (FE) predictions validated through experimental measurement. Through the combined experimental and FE work, it was shown that temperature variation in the experimental parameter matrix played a larger role in determining deformation than the lubrication agent. Additionally, the use of synthetic and graphite water-based lubricants does not necessarily produce greater deformation when used in high-temperature forgings due to the lubricants breaking down, evaporating, or inducing rapid billet cooling as a result of the carrier used (water). Graphite-molybdenum disulphate grease far outperforms the other lubricants used in this trial in reducing friction and allowing deformation to occur across a die-face.
The 1-h fraud detection challenge
Authors: van der Heyden Marcel A. G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPublications baring falsified and fabricated images appear frequently in the primary literature. Industrialized forms of image forgery as practiced by the so-called paper mills worsen the current situation even further. Good education and awareness within the scientific society are essential to create an environment in which honesty and trust are the prime values in experimental research. Here I focus on the detection of publication fraud and provide some examples and advice. Finally, my views on the future of fraud detection and prevention are given.
Aptamer-based assays: strategies in the use of aptamers conjugated to magnetic micro- and nanobeads as recognition elements in food control
Authors: Mattarozzi Monica , Toma Lorenzo , Bertucci Alessandro , Giannetto Marco , Careri Maria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn outlook on the current status of different strategies for magnetic micro- and nanosized bead functionalization with aptamers as prominent bioreceptors is given with a focus on electrochemical and optical apta-assays, as well as on aptamer-modified magnetic bead–based miniaturized extraction techniques in food control. Critical aspects that affect interaction of aptamers with target molecules, as well as the possible side effects caused by aptamer interaction with other molecules due to non-specific binding, are discussed. Challenges concerning the real potential and limitations of aptamers as bioreceptors when facing analytical problems in food control are addressed.
Graphical abstract
Authentication of holy basil using markers relating to a toxicology-relevant compound
Authors: Ríos-Rodríguez Daniela , Sahi Vaidurya Pratap , Nick Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHoly Basil—Ocimumtenuiflorum—is one of the popular new “superfoods” thought to act as an antioxidant and to reduce stress and anxiety. However, it is often surrogated with other Ocimum species differing in their chemical profiles that may even pose health risks to the consumers. Moreover, even specific chemotypes of Holy Basil itself can be toxicologically relevant, because they sometimes contain the carcinogen compound methyleugenol. Using DNA barcoding based on plastidic markers, O.tenuiflorum can be differentiated from other species of Ocimum. However, this approach is still suboptimal in handling larger sample numbers and in tracing chemotypes that accumulate methyleugenol. We have, therefore, designed a trait-related DNA barcode based on the enzyme eugenol O-methyltransferase (EOMT), responsible for the synthesis of methyleugenol. We show that a multiplex PCR combining trait-related and trait-independent markers can differentiate O.tenuiflorum from other Ocimum species and identify methyleugenol chemotypes of O.tenuiflorum, even in dried material sold as mixtures.
Acute Phase Reactions After Intravenous Infusion of Zoledronic Acid in Japanese Patients with Osteoporosis: Sub-analyses of the Phase III ZONE Study
Authors: Shiraki Masataka , Kuroda Tatsuhiko , Takeuchi Yasuhiro , Sugimoto Toshitsugu , Tanaka Satoshi , Suzuki Hiroaki , Hiraishi Kazuki , Nakamura Toshitaka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn a clinical trial involving Japanese patients with osteoporosis, post hoc analyses were performed to evaluate the incidence of acute phase reactions (APRs) after infusion of zoledronic acid (ZOL). The results highlighted differences in baseline factors between patients with vs without APRs. Changes in efficacy indicators such as bone turnover markers (BTMs) also showed significant differences. We, therefore, investigated the factors involved in the development of APRs in Japanese patients treated with a once-yearly intravenous infusion of ZOL 5 mg for 2 years by assessing the relation between APRs and efficacy. APRs reported in patients with primary osteoporosis from the ZONE study were analyzed post hoc. Baseline factors were compared in patients with vs without APRs, and changes in BTMs and bone mineral density (BMD) were also investigated. In the ZOL group, 51.2% (169/330) of patients developed APRs after the first infusion and 12.3% (33/268) after the second infusion. Comparison of baseline factors showed that patients without APRs in the ZOL group had a significantly higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, lower serum levels of procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, older age, and higher likelihood of prior bisphosphonate use vs patients with APRs. Patients with APRs showed significantly higher increases in total hip BMD at 6 and 12 months and larger reductions in BTMs vs patients without APRs. Patient profiles differed significantly between patients with vs without APRs, with APRs after the first infusion of ZOL being related to increases in total hip BMD and suppression of BTMs.This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT01522521; January 31, 2012).
A Deep Learning Method for Bias Correction of ECMWF 24–240 h Forecasts
Authors: Han Lei , Chen Mingxuan , Chen Kangkai , Chen Haonan , Zhang Yanbiao , Lu Bing , Song Linye , Qin Rui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCorrecting the forecast bias of numerical weather prediction models is important for severe weather warnings. The refined grid forecast requires direct correction on gridded forecast products, as opposed to correcting forecast data only at individual weather stations. In this study, a deep learning method called CU-net is proposed to correct the gridded forecasts of four weather variables from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Integrated Forecasting System global model (ECMWF-IFS): 2-m temperature, 2-m relative humidity, 10-m wind speed, and 10-m wind direction, with a forecast lead time of 24 h to 240 h in North China. First, the forecast correction problem is transformed into an image-to-image translation problem in deep learning under the CU-net architecture, which is based on convolutional neural networks. Second, the ECMWF-IFS forecasts and ECMWF reanalysis data (ERA5) from 2005 to 2018 are used as training, validation, and testing datasets. The predictors and labels (ground truth) of the model are created using the ECMWF-IFS and ERA5, respectively. Finally, the correction performance of CU-net is compared with a conventional method, anomaly numerical correction with observations (ANO). Results show that forecasts from CU-net have lower root mean square error, bias, mean absolute error, and higher correlation coefficient than those from ANO for all forecast lead times from 24 h to 240 h. CU-net improves upon the ECMWF-IFS forecast for all four weather variables in terms of the above evaluation metrics, whereas ANO improves upon ECMWF-IFS performance only for 2-m temperature and relative humidity. For the correction of the 10-m wind direction forecast, which is often difficult to achieve, CU-net also improves the correction performance.
Impacts of strong wind events on sea ice and water mass properties in Antarctic coastal polynyas
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiao , Zhang Zhaoru , Wang Xuezhu , Vihma Timo , Zhou Meng , Yu Lejiang , Uotila Petteri , Sein Dmitry V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStrong offshore wind events (SOWEs) occur frequently near the Antarctic coast during austral winter. These wind events are typically associated with passage of synoptic- or meso-scale cyclones, which interact with the katabatic wind field and affect sea ice and oceanic processes in coastal polynyas. Based on numerical simulations from the coupled Finite Element Sea-ice Ocean Model (FESOM) driven by the CORE-II forcing, two coastal polynyas along the East Antarctica coast––the Prydz Bay Polynya and the Shackleton Polynya are selected to examine the response of sea ice and oceanic properties to SOWEs. In these polynyas, the southern or western flanks of cyclones play a crucial role in increasing the offshore winds depending on the local topography. Case studies for both polynyas show that during SOWEs, when the wind speed is 2–3 times higher than normal values, the offshore component of sea ice velocity can increase by 3–4 times. Sea ice concentration can decrease by 20–40%, and sea ice production can increase up to two to four folds. SOWEs increase surface salinity variability and mixed layer depth, and such effects may persist for 5–10 days. Formation of high salinity shelf water (HSSW) is detected in the coastal regions from surface to 800 m after 10–15 days of the SOWEs, while the HSSW features in deep layers exhibit weak response on the synoptic time scale. HSSW formation averaged over winter is notably greater in years with longer duration of SOWEs.
Dairy product consumption and incident prediabetes in Dutch middle-aged adults: the Hoorn Studies prospective cohort
Authors: Slurink Isabel A. L. , den Braver Nicolette R. , Rutters Femke , Kupper Nina , Smeets Tom , Elders Petra J. M. , Beulens Joline W. J. , Soedamah-Muthu Sabita S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Our aim was to investigate prospective associations of consumption of total dairy and dairy types with incident prediabetes in a Dutch population-based study.

Methods
Two enrolment waves of the Hoorn Studies were harmonized, resulting in an analytic sample of 2262 participants without (pre-) diabetes at enrolment (mean age 56 ± 7.3 years; 50% male). Baseline dietary intake was assessed by validated food frequency questionnaires. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated between dairy, fermented dairy, milk, yogurt (all total/high/low fat), cream and ice cream and prediabetes. Additionally, substituting one serving/day of dairy types associated with prediabetes with alternative dairy types was analysed.

Results
During a mean 6.4 ± 0.7 years of follow-up, 810 participants (35.9%) developed prediabetes. High fat fermented dairy, cheese and high fat cheese were associated with a 17% (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69–0.99, ptrend = 0.04), 14% (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73–1.02, ptrend = 0.04) and 21% (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66–0.94, ptrend = 0.01) lower risk of incident prediabetes, respectively, in top compared to bottom quartiles, after adjustment for confounders. High fat cheese consumption was continuously associated with lower prediabetes risk (RRservings/day 0.94, 95% CI 0.88–1.00, p = 0.04). Total dairy and other dairy types were not associated with prediabetes risk in adjusted models, irrespective of fat content (RR ~ 1). Replacing high fat cheese with alternative dairy types was not associated with prediabetes risk.

Conclusion
The highest intake of high fat fermented dairy, cheese and high fat cheese were associated with a lower risk of prediabetes, whereas other dairy types were not associated. Cheese seems to be inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk, despite high levels of saturated fatty acids and sodium.
Effects of body-oriented yoga: a RCT study for patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Bieber Miriam , Görgülü Esra , Schmidt Daniela , Zabel Kirsten , Etyemez Semra , Friedrichs Benedikt , Prvulovic David , Reif Andreas , Oertel Viola 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses worldwide. Current treatment standards recommend a combined therapy with medication and psychotherapy. As an additive component and to further improvements in treatment, physical activity such as yoga may be integrated into conventional treatment. This study investigates the impact of a 3-month body-oriented yoga in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). In total,n = 83 patients were included. An intervention group received a vigorous Ashtanga-Yoga three times a week. The waiting-list control group obtained a treatment as usual (TAU). As a primary outcome depression scores (Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)) were tested at three time points. Secondary outcome was the positive and negative affect [Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS)] and remission rates. To analyze the data, multilevel models and effect sizes were conducted. The results showed an improvement in BDI-II scores for both groups over time [γ =  −  3.46,t(165) =  − 7.99,p < 0.001] but not between groups [γ = 0.98,t(164) = 1.12,p = 0.263]. An interaction effect (time x group) occurred for MADRS [γ = 2.10,t(164) = 2.10,p < 0.038]. Positive affects improved over time for both groups [γ = 1.65,t(165) = 4.03,p < 0.001]. Negative affects decreased for all over time [γ =  −  1.00,t(165) = − 2.51,p = 0.013]. There were no significant group differences in PANAS. Post hoc tests revealed a greater symptom reduction within the first 6 weeks for all measurements. The effect sizes for depression scores showed a positive trend. Remission rates indicated a significant improvement in the yoga group (BDI-II: 46.81%, MADRS: 17.02%) compared to the control group (BDI: 33.33%, MADRS: 8.33%). The findings suggest that there is a trendsetting additive effect of Ashtanga-Yoga after 3 months on psychopathology and mood with a greater improvement at the beginning of the intervention. Further research in this field can help to achieve more differentiated results.
The potential role of long noncoding RNAs in primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhao Yang , Cao Mengdan , Jia Xu , Pan Zheng , Zhou Dengming , Liu Ke , Duan Xuanchu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To identify the potential genes in human trabecular meshwork (TM) related to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods
First, long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) and mRNA expression profiles in TM samples from 4 control subjects and 4 POAG patients were accessed by microarray analyses. Then, twenty lncRNAs were validated by real-time quantitative PCR in the same samples from microarray analyses. Finally, eight highly expressed lncRNAs were further tested by real-time quantitative PCR in TM from 8 normal controls and 19 POAG patients. Expression data were normalized and analyzed using the R software. Pathway analyses were performed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis.

Results
A total of 2179 lncRNAs and 923 mRNAs in the TM of POAG patients were significantly upregulated, and 3111 lncRNAs and 887 mRNAs were significantly downregulated. ENST00000552367, ENST00000582505, ENST00000609130, NR_029395, NR_038379, and ENST00000586949 expression levels were significantly higher in the TM from a different cohort of POAG patient than normal controls.

Conclusion
ENST00000552367, ENST00000582505, ENST000006091- 30, NR_029395, NR_038379, and ENST00000586949 may play essential roles in the development of POAG.
Neural encoding and functional interactions underlying pantomimed movements
Authors: Malfatti Giulia , Turella Luca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPantomimes are a unique movement category which can convey complex information about our intentions in the absence of any interaction with real objects. Indeed, we can pretend to use the same tool to perform different actions or to achieve the same goal adopting different tools. Nevertheless, how our brain implements pantomimed movements is still poorly understood. In our study, we explored the neural encoding and functional interactions underlying pantomimes adopting multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and connectivity analysis of fMRI data. Participants performed pantomimed movements, either grasp-to-move or grasp-to-use, as if they were interacting with two different tools (scissors or axe). These tools share the possibility to achieve the same goal. We adopted MVPA to investigate two levels of representation during the planning and execution of pantomimes: (1) distinguishing different actions performed with the same tool, (2) representing the same final goal irrespective of the adopted tool. We described widespread encoding of action information within regions of the so-called “tool” network. Several nodes of the network—comprising regions within the ventral and the dorsal stream—also represented goal information. The spatial distribution of goal information changed from planning—comprising posterior regions (i.e. parietal and temporal)—to execution—including also anterior regions (i.e. premotor cortex). Moreover, connectivity analysis provided evidence for task-specific bidirectional coupling between the ventral stream and parieto-frontal motor networks. Overall, we showed that pantomimes were characterized by specific patterns of action and goal encoding and by task-dependent cortical interactions.
A prognostic model for failure and worsening after lumbar microdiscectomy: a multicenter study from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery
Authors: Werner David A. T. , Grotle Margreth , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Gulati Sasha , Nygaard Øystein P. , Salvesen Øyvind , Ingebrigtsen Tor , Solberg Tore K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a prognostic model for failure and worsening 1 year after surgery for lumbar disc herniation.MethodsThis multicenter cohort study included 11,081 patients operated with lumbar microdiscectomy, registered at the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery. Follow-up was 1 year. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess potential prognostic factors for previously defined cut-offs for failure and worsening on the Oswestry Disability Index scores 12 months after surgery. Since the cut-offs for failure and worsening are different for patients with low, moderate, and high baseline ODI scores, the multivariate analyses were run separately for these subgroups. Data were split into a training (70%) and a validation set (30%). The model was developed in the training set and tested in the validation set. A prediction (%) of an outcome was calculated for each patient in a risk matrix.ResultsThe prognostic model produced six risk matrices based on three baseline ODI ranges (low, medium, and high) and two outcomes (failure and worsening), each containing 7 to 11 prognostic factors. Model discrimination and calibration were acceptable. The estimated preoperative probabilities ranged from 3 to 94% for failure and from 1 to 72% for worsening in our validation cohort.ConclusionWe developed a prognostic model for failure and worsening 12 months after surgery for lumbar disc herniation. The model showed acceptable calibration and discrimination, and could be useful in assisting physicians and patients in clinical decision-making process prior to surgery.
Characterization of linearly coupled capillaries with various inner diameters in the context of capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Böhm Daniel , Matysik Frank-Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a result of continuous instrumental progress, capillary electrophoresis has become an established separation technique. However, the choice of the suitable capillary inner diameter is sometimes difficult due to different instrumental requirements concerning injection, separation, or detection. To overcome this problem, we assembled two capillaries with different inner diameters, meaning that the inner diameter of the capillary at the injection side was different from that at the detection side. Since this was a rather uncommon approach, we focused on the associated effects in this proof-of-concept study. For the experiments, a non-aqueous model system was used, consisting of an acetonitrile-based background electrolyte and the two ferrocene derivates, ferrocenemethanol and decamethylferrocene. Using capillary flow injection analysis hyphenated to capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection, it could be shown that fragmented capillaries of the same inner diameter had slightly lower volume flow rates than non-fragmented capillaries. With non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to UV detection, it was found that the coupling of capillaries with different inner diameter had a much stronger effect on the capillary electrophoresis flow than combinations with the same inner diameter. Additionally, if the inner diameter of the second capillary was larger than the inner diameter of the first capillary, a higher theoretical plate number and an increased sensitivity were found. Furthermore, it was found that there was no significant peak tailing introduced by the coupling.
Graphic abstract
The factor structure of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale among perinatal high-risk and community samples in London
Authors: Lautarescu Alexandra , Victor Suresh , Lau-Zhu Alex , Counsell Serena J. , Edwards A. David , Craig Michael C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTimely and accurate detection of perinatal mental health problems is essential for the wellbeing of both mother and child. Growing evidence has suggested that the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is not a unidimensional measure of perinatal depression, but can be used to screen for anxiety disorders. We aimed to assess the factor structure of the EPDS in 3 different groups of women: n = 266 pregnant women at high-risk of depression (“Perinatal Stress Study”), n = 471 pregnant women from a community sample, and n = 637 early postnatal women from a community sample (“developing Human Connectome Project”). Exploratory factor analysis (40% of each sample) and confirmatory factor analysis (60% of each sample) were performed. The relationship between EPDS scores and history of mental health concerns was investigated. Results suggested that a 3-factor model (depression, anxiety, and anhedonia) is the most appropriate across groups. The anxiety subscale (EPDS-3A) emerged consistently and was related to maternal history of anxiety disorders in the prenatal sample (W = 6861, p < 0.001). EPDS total score was related to history of mental health problems in both the prenatal (W = 12,185, p < 0.001) and postnatal samples (W = 30,044, p < 0.001). In both high-risk and community samples in the perinatal period, the EPDS appears to consist of depression, anxiety, and anhedonia subscales. A better understanding of the multifactorial structure of the EPDS can inform diagnosis and management of women in the prenatal and postnatal period. Further research is required to validate the EPDS-3A as a screening tool for anxiety.