bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable and Renewable Nano‐Micro‐Structured Plastics for Radiative Cooling
Authors: Gao Wei , Lei Zhouyue , Wu Kai , Chen Yongping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPassive radiative technology enables sustainable cooling by synchronously emitting heat and reflecting solar light without any energy consumption. However, the consumption of non‐recyclable and non‐renewable radiative materials in large quantities may eventually cause resource waste and environmental issues. Herein, reconfigurable and renewable nano‐micro‐structured plastics for future eco‐friendly and large‐scale radiative cooling applications are developed. The plastics are facilely prepared from a locally confined polymerization method, which not only enables the customization of nano/micro‐structures for thermal emission and sunlight reflection but also provides physically cross‐linked networks for damage repairing, shape reconfiguration, and recyclable usage. Compared with traditional plastics applied on electronic devices, the nano‐micro‐structured plastic achieves much higher cooling efficiency with a temperature drop of 8.6 °C on electronic circuits and 7.5 °C cooling improvements under sunlight. With the excellent cooling performance and the recycling potential, the nano‐micro‐structured plastics open an environmentally sustainable pathway to address the thermal issues encountered by electronic devices and challenges of global warming.
High‐Yield and Low‐Cost Solar Water Purification via Hydrogel‐Based Membrane Distillation
Authors: Lu Hengyi , Shi Wen , Zhao Fei , Zhang Wenjing , Zhang Peixin , Zhao Chenyang , Yu Guihua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs an eco‐friendly means, solar water purification has attracted substantial research interest regarding material design, system engineering, and energy management. However, the low water yield and relatively high cost essentially restrict its practical potential. Here, a hydrogel‐based ultrathin membrane (HUM) is developed to synergistically coordinate facilitated vapor transfer and environmental energy harvesting for solar‐driven membrane distillation. The evaporation front is directly exposed to an airflow, which fundamentally eliminates the temperature polarization induced energy consumption. As such, the humidity of the output flow is significantly increased, and thus the vapor collection ratio rises to over 80% to achieve a high water yield of 2.4 kg m–2 h–1 under one sun without any energy recycling and cooling accessories. The HUM with a raw material cost of $0.36 m–2 offers a competitive potential cost of freshwater production of about $0.3–1.0 m–3. This work demonstrates a promising membrane distillation strategy based on sustainable energy toward both decentralized water purification and large‐scale water treatment.
Improvement of Oxygen Electrode Performance of Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Cells by Spray Pyrolysis Deposited Active Layers
Authors: Kamecki Bartosz , Karczewski Jakub , Jasiński Piotr , Molin Sebastian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells oxygen electrodes are modified by active interfacial layers. Spray pyrolysis is used to produce thin (≈500 nm) layers of mixed ionic and electronic conductors: Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ (SSC), La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ (LSC), La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF), and Pr6O11 (PrOx) on the electrode–electrolyte interface. The influence of the annealing temperature on the electrode polarization (area specific resistance—ASRpol) is investigated by impedance spectroscopy of symmetrical electrodes in the temperature range of 400–700 °C. The results show that the introduction of nanocrystalline interlayers promotes an oxygen reduction reaction by extending the active surface area and improved contact between the electrode and the electrolyte. Introducing LSCF, LSC, or SSC interlayer reduces ASRpol by a factor of 4 and PrOx by a factor of 2 against the reference, powder processed LSCF electrode. At 600 °C, the obtained ASRpol values for PrOx, LSCF, LSC, and SSC interlayer are 245, 137, 119, and 107 mΩ cm2, which can be considered very low in comparison to standard powder processed oxygen electrodes. Anode supported single cell with developed LSC/LSCF electrode reveals ≈1.2 W cm−2 power output at 600 °C and maintains stable cell voltage of 0.75 V under 1 A cm−2 during 60 h of the test.
CD38‐Targeted Theranostics of Lymphoma with 89Zr/177Lu‐Labeled Daratumumab
Authors: Kang Lei , Li Cuicui , Rosenkrans Zachary T. , Huo Nan , Chen Zhao , Ehlerding Emily B. , Huo Yan , Ferreira Carolina A. , Barnhart Todd E. , Engle Jonathan W. , Wang Rongfu , Jiang Dawei , Xu Xiaojie , Cai Weibo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLymphoma is a heterogeneous disease with varying clinical manifestations and outcomes. Many subtypes of lymphoma, such as Burkitt′s lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma, are highly aggressive with dismal prognosis even after conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As such, exploring specific biomarkers for lymphoma is of high clinical significance. Herein, a potential marker, CD38, is investigated for differentiating lymphoma. A CD38‐targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb, daratumumab) is then radiolabeled with Zr‐89 and Lu‐177 for theranostic applications. As the diagnostic component, the Zr‐89‐labeled mAb is highly specific in delineating CD38‐positive lymphoma via positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, while the Lu‐177‐labeled mAb serves well as the therapeutic component to suppress tumor growth after a one‐time administration. These results strongly suggest that CD38 is a lymphoma‐specific marker and prove that 89Zr/177Lu‐labeled daratumumab facilitates immunoPET imaging and radioimmunotherapy of lymphoma in preclinical models. Further clinical evaluation and translation of this CD38‐targeted theranostics may be of significant help in lymphoma patient stratification and management.
Wireless‐Powered VOCs Sensor Based on Energy‐Harvesting Metamaterial
Authors: Lee Wonwoo , Park Heejoo , Kim So Young , Park Sung‐Min , Kim Do Hwan , Lee Hojin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWireless‐powered volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are designed by combining an energy‐harvesting metamaterial (EH‐MM) and ionic thermoplastic polyurethane (i‐TPU) as a wireless sensing platform and VOCs sensing material within the microwave frequency, respectively. Using the multi‐analyte sensing capability of an i‐TPU film, the EH‐MM sensor can distinguish different VOCs such as toluene, hexane, ethanol, and acetone, which cause harmful effects on the human body, by simply obtaining the corresponding output voltage levels without any complicated analysis system. The proposed EH‐MM sensor also shows fast and immediate responses (<1 s), a wide range of VOCs concentrations (5–1000 ppm), and long‐term stability (>1 month) under ambient conditions. Moreover, by harvesting commercially accessible WiFi energy, the proposed sensor does not require any battery but can be operated wirelessly, representing a novel method for designing real‐time and battery‐free sensors with a reliable performance.
Memristive Devices with Multiple Resistance States Based on the Migration of Protons in α‐MoO3/SrCoO2.5 Stacks
Authors: Wang Zhe , Huang He‐Ming , Guo Xin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMemristive devices are building blocks for neuromorphic computing. However, non‐ideal properties of memristive devices, such as bad retention, small number of resistance states, and nonlinear pulse programming hinder the development of neuromorphic computation. Based on proton migration in the α‐MoO3/SrCoO2.5 stack, a Pt/α‐MoO3/SrCoO2.5/Nb‐SrTiO3 memristive device is developed with multiple resistance states and excellent nonvolatility. When protons migrate from α‐MoO3 to the SrCoO2.5 lattice, both layers undergo a resistance increase, due to a reduced doping level in α‐MoO3 along with the loss of protons, and a larger direct bandgap of SrCoO2.5 resulted from the insertion of protons. While protons migrate from SrCoO2.5 to α‐MoO3, the device resistance decreases, because of the increased proton concentration in α‐MoO3 and the decreased proton concentration in the SrCoO2.5 layer. The device also realizes nearly linear potentiation and depression under appropriate pulse schemes. A three‐layer backpropagation neural network constructed with the memristive devices acquires an accuracy of 94.3% for the recognition of MNIST handwritten digits.
Food consumption–production response to agricultural policy and macroeconomic change in Nigeria
Authors: Ecker Olivier , Hatzenbuehler Patrick L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAchieving agricultural transformation and farmer resilience in resource‐dependent developing countries like Nigeria is complicated by volatile macroeconomic conditions, which disrupt agricultural supply chains through income, foreign exchange, and risk‐mitigation effects. This study examines the food consumption–production linkage in Nigeria at a time when the national Agricultural Transformation Agenda was implemented and an economic crisis was unfolding. Many farm households responded to expected shocks by planting more staple foods for own consumption at the expense of agricultural commercialization, income growth, and dietary diversification. A policy initiative to improve access to modern farm inputs appeared to mitigate these adverse effects.
Validation of resistance to root‐knot nematode incorporated in peanut from the wild relative Arachis stenosperma
Authors: Ballén‐Taborda Carolina , Chu Ye , Ozias‐Akins Peggy , Timper Patricia , Jackson Scott A. , Bertioli David J. , Leal‐Bertioli Soraya C.M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root‐knot nematode (PRKN) Meloidogyne arenaria is a very destructive pathogen to which most peanut cultivars are highly susceptible. Current peanut cultivars rely on a single locus for PRKN resistance incorporated from the wild relative A. cardenasii Krapov. & W.C. Greg., that could be overcome as a result of the emergence of new nematode populations. Thus, new sources of resistance are continually needed. A new and strong resistance has been found in the wild diploid relative, A. stenosperma Krapov. & W.C. Greg. Arachis stenosperma‐derived quantitative trait loci (QTL) were described on chromosomes A02 and A09 and reduced nematode development by up to 98.2%. In order to validate these resistance segments, this study screened for PRKN resistance in BC2F1 lines and correlated with molecular genotypes. Here, six BC2F1s carrying chromosome introgressions in A02 and/or A09, showed strong resistance while one line was susceptible. Both phenotype and genotype data allowed us to validate and delineate the chromosomal segments in chromosomes A02 and A09 to ∼8.5Mbp and ∼6.5Mbp regions on the bottom of each, respectively. Within the QTL on A02 and top middle of both chromosomes A02 and A09 there are R‐gene clusters, often implicated in pathogen resistance. We have provided validation of these key resistance QTL that can be used to inform breeding via marker selection and insights into the functional basis of resistance provided by the wild peanut relative A. stenosperma.
Criminal Justice and Community Psychology: Our Values and Our Work—The Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Shaw Jessica , Rade Candalyn B. , Fisher Benjamin W. , Freund Nicole , Tompsett Carolyn J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis special issue of The American Journal of Community Psychology originated from the Society for Community Research and Action Criminal Justice interest group, with a goal of exploring the work of community psychologists intersecting with criminal justice research, practice, and policy and shaped by our shared values—equity, collaboration, creative maladjustment, social justice, and social science in the service of social justice. In this introduction, we discuss the socio‐historical context of the special issue, followed by an outline of the special issue organization, and brief summary of the included papers. Across 13 papers and an invited commentary, we see the ways in which community psychologists are: (1) delivering and evaluating services, programming, or other supports to address the needs of system‐involved people; and (2) working to improve the systems, structures, and interactions with units of criminal justice systems. Across these two sections, authors highlight the guiding role of our values to influence change within and outside of criminal‐legal systems.
Application of Transition Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Activation Strategies in the Synthesis and Functionalization of β‐Carbolines
Authors: Riyazahmed Khan Saleha , Bora Darshana , Shankaraiah Nagula 
Published: March 2021

Abstractβ‐Carboline and its derivatives are well‐known for their biological and pharmacological properties and are considered as an important source of drug or drug leads. The traditional methods employed for the construction of β‐carbolines present certain limitations surfacing requirements for a better approach. The catalytic C−H activation strategy offers an attractive route owing to step‐ and atom‐economy. The transition metal‐catalyzed C−H activation has not just been employed for the synthesis of β‐carboline scaffold but also has paved the way for functionalization, scrutinizing the intrinsic directing property of β‐carbolines. This review focuses on exploring the efficiency of C−H activation in fabricating and functionalizing β‐carbolines, including the overview of substrate scope, regioselectivity and synthesis of some of the related natural products.
Transparency, Stokes, and Anti‐Stokes Processes in a Multimode Quadratic Coupling System with Parametric Amplifier
Authors: He Qing , Badshah Fazal , Li Liping , Wang Lianbei , Su Shi‐Lei , Liang Erjun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA study on optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) and the output power at the Stokes (anti‐Stokes) frequency in a hybrid optomechanical system is presented. The system consists of a Fabry–Pérot cavity, two non‐absorbing membranes, and a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA), where the coupling interaction between the cavity and each membrane is quadratic. This study shows that spacing between two transparency window dips in a wider detuning range and the higher transparency efficiency can be achieved by selecting the suitable strength of the quadratic coupling. In addition, it is also found that frequencies of the two mechanical membranes, the nonlinear gain of the OPA, and phase of the field driving OPA can exert a striking influence on the output power at the Stokes (anti‐Stokes) frequency. Specifically, with the increase of the nonlinear parameter of OPA, spacing between two dips on the normalized output power at the Stokes frequency becomes much wider for two membranes with the same frequency. Three peaks on the normalized output power at the anti‐Stokes frequency appear in a larger detuning. In quantum engineering, this scheme may have potential applications in enhancing the performance of OMIT devices.
Force‐Induced Turn‐On Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence in Purely Organic Luminogen
Authors: Ren Jia , Wang Yunsheng , Tian Yu , Liu Zhenjiang , Xiao Xiangheng , Yang Jie , Fang Manman , Li Zhen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch of purely organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials has been a hot topic, especially for those with stimulus response character. Herein, an abnormal stimulus‐responsive RTP effect is reported, in which, purely organic luminogen of Czs‐ph‐3F shows turn‐on persistent phosphorescence under grinding. Careful analyses of experimental results, coupled with the theoretical calculations, show that the transition of molecular conformation from quasi‐axial to quasi‐equatorial of the phenothiazine group should be mainly responsible for this exciting result. Furthermore, the applications of stylus printing and thermal printing are both successfully realized, based on the unique RTP effect of Czs‐ph‐3F.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Enables Heterogeneous Asymmetric Insertion of Carbenoids into Amines Catalyzed by Rhodium Nanoparticles
Authors: Masuda Ryusuke , Yasukawa Tomohiro , Yamashita Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDevelopment of stable heterogeneous catalyst systems is a crucial subject to achieve sustainable society. Though metal nanoparticles are robust species, the study of asymmetric catalysis by them has been restricted because methods to activate metal nanoparticles without causing metal leaching were limited. We developed Rh nanoparticle catalysts (NCI‐Rh) supported on nitrogen‐doped carbon as a solid ligand to interact with metals for asymmetric insertion of carbenoids into N−H bonds cocatalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid. Nitrogen dopants played a crucial role in both catalytic activity and enantioselectivity while almost no catalysis was observed with Rh nanoparticles immobilized on supports without nitrogen dopants. Various types of chiral α‐amino acid derivatives were synthesized in high yields with high enantioselectivities and NCI‐Rh could be reused in seven runs. Furthermore, we demonstrated the corresponding continuous‐flow reaction using a column packed with NCI‐Rh. The desired product was obtained efficiently for over 90 h through the reactivation of NCI‐Rh and the chiral source could be recovered.
The Electrolysis of Anti‐Perovskite Li2OHCl for Prelithiation of High‐Energy‐Density Batteries
Authors: Guo Lulu , Xin Chen , Gao Jian , Zhu Jianxun , Hu Yiming , Zhang Ying , Li Junpeng , Fan Xiulin , Li Yutao , Li Hong , Qiu Jieshan , Zhou Weidong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnti‐perovskite type Li2OHCl was previously studied as a solid‐state Li+ conductor. Here, we report that the Li2OHCl can be electrolyzed at 3.3 V or 4.0 V, with the creation of O2/HCl gases and the release of 2 equiv. Li+ via two different decomposition routes, depending on the acidity of electrolyte. In the electrolyte with trace acid, the Li2OHCl is oxidized at a constant voltage of 3.3 V. In neutral electrolyte, the oxidization of Li2OHCl starts at 4.0 V, but the produced HCl will increase the acidity of electrolyte and lead to a voltage drop to 3.3 V for the electrolysis of Li2OHCl. The electrolysis of Li2OHCl delivers a lithium releasing capacity as high as 810 mAh g−1, with an equivalent Li‐deposition or Li‐intercalation on anode, making it a promising candidate as a Li reservoir for prelithiation of anode. Using Li2OHCl as the lithium source, silicon‐carbon (Si@C) composite anode can be effectively prelithiated. The full cells composed of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathode and prelithiated Si@C anode exhibited increased capacities with the increment of prelithiation dosages.
Dienes and diamondoids: poly(2‐[1‐adamantyl]‐1,3‐butadiene) and random copolymers with isoprene via redox‐emulsion polymerization and their hydrogenation
Authors: Hill Connor J. , McDonald Armando G. , Roll Mark F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA novel route to adamantane substituted diene copolymers is demonstrated using emulsion polymerization, with an improved monomer synthesis. Heterogenous dehydration of 2‐(1‐adamantyl)‐3‐buten‐2‐ol using Amberlyst®‐15 cationic exchange resin at ambient temperature gave 2‐(1‐adamantyl)‐1,3‐butadiene (1) in excellent yield and presents an attractive alternative monomer synthesis route. Emulsion polymerization of 1 and mixtures of 1 and isoprene was carried out at room temperature using redox pair, hydroperoxide initiator. All poly(1) and poly(1‐ran‐isoprene) samples were soluble in common organic solvents and exhibited high 1,4‐microstructure. A continuous increase in glass transition temperature from −63 to 172°C was observed by increasing the ratio of 1 in the comonomer feed of poly(1‐ran‐isoprene), and Tg values were in good agreement with the Fox equation. After complete hydrogenation to poly(1‐vinyladamantane‐alt‐ethylene‐ran‐propylene‐alt‐ethylene), a continuous increase in Tg was observed from −55 to 152°C. The high solubility and improved access to 2‐(1‐adamantyl)‐1,3‐butadiene opens the door to exploration of diene polymers with enhanced high temperature properties.
Bio‐resourced eugenol derived phthalonitrile resin for high temperature composite
Authors: Ning Yi , Li Dian‐sen , Wang Ming‐cun , Jiang Lei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEugenol (EG) is an abundant renewable compound that has been widely used in the synthesis of bio‐based thermosetting resin, but there are few reports on the phthalonitrile (PN) resin derived from EG. In this study, a new kind of bio‐based PN resin (MEG‐PN) derived from EG derivative was successfully synthesized. PN is a traditional class of high‐performance thermosets with poor processability for its ultra‐high melting point and curing temperature. The MEG‐PN resin possesses excellent processability: its melting temperature is much lower (77°C), and it can be cured at a moderate temperature (281°C) in the absence of curing agents. The cured MEG‐PN resin exhibited great heat resistance according to its 5% weight loss temperature at 448°C and its char yield percentage as high as 75.6% at 800°C under nitrogen. The properties of the carbon‐fiber reinforced MEG‐PN composite were comparable to those of petroleum‐based PN resins: the glass transition temperature was around 397°C; the flexural strength and modulus were as high as 756 MPa and 119 GPa, respectively. Overall, a bio‐based PN thermoset with great comprehensive performance was synthesized possessing the potential in the application of advanced composite.
Bombyx mori can synthesize ascorbic acid through the l‐gulose pathway to varying degrees depending on developmental stage
Authors: Hou Man , Dai Tai‐Ming , Liang Xin‐Yin , Zhang Sheng‐Xiang , Cui Wen‐Zhao , Qiu Jian‐Feng , Sima Yang‐Hu , Cui Wei‐Zheng , Xu Shi‐Qing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVitamin C (VC) is an essential nutrient for many animals. However, whether insects, including Bombyx mori, can synthesize VC remains unclear. In this article, the optimized HPLC method was used to determine the content of l‐ascorbic acid (AsA) in silkworm eggs, larvae and pupae, and the activity of l‐gulono‐1,4‐lactone oxidase (GULO), a key enzyme in VC synthesis. The RNA interference method was used to determine the effect of the BmGulo‐like gene on embryonic development and GULO activity in the pupal fat body. The AsA content increased significantly during E144 h–E168 h in the late embryonic stage and P48 h–P144 h in the middle‐late pupal stage, in which exogenous VC was not ingested. Furthermore, the body AsA content in larvae fed VC‐free feed also increased with larval stage. The GULO enzymatic activity was present in eggs and the fat bodies of larvae and pupae, even when the larvae were reared with fresh mulberry leaves. Moreover, the activity was higher in the later embryonic stages (E144 h–E168 h) and the early pupal stage (before P24 h). The GULO activity in the pupal fat body dramatically decreased when the screened BmGulo‐like gene (BGIBMGA005735) was knocked down with small interfering RNA; in addition, the survival rate and hatching rate of eggs significantly decreased 21% and 44%, respectively, and embryonic development was delayed. Thus, Bombyx mori can synthesize AsA through the l‐gulose pathway, albeit with low activity, and this synthesis ability varies with developmental stages.