bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residential housing segregation and urban tree canopy in 37 US Cities
Authors: Locke Dexter H. , Hall Billy , Grove J. Morgan , Pickett Steward T. A. , Ogden Laura A. , Aoki Carissa , Boone Christopher G. , O’Neil-Dunne Jarlath P. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRedlining was a racially discriminatory housing policy established by the federal government’s Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) during the 1930s. For decades, redlining limited access to homeownership and wealth creation among racial minorities, contributing to a host of adverse social outcomes, including high unemployment, poverty, and residential vacancy, that persist today. While the multigenerational socioeconomic impacts of redlining are increasingly understood, the impacts on urban environments and ecosystems remain unclear. To begin to address this gap, we investigated how the HOLC policy administered 80 years ago may relate to present-day tree canopy at the neighborhood level. Urban trees provide many ecosystem services, mitigate the urban heat island effect, and may improve quality of life in cities. In our prior research in Baltimore, MD, we discovered that redlining policy influenced the location and allocation of trees and parks. Our analysis of 37 metropolitan areas here shows that areas formerly graded D, which were mostly inhabited by racial and ethnic minorities, have on average ~23% tree canopy cover today. Areas formerly graded A, characterized by U.S.-born white populations living in newer housing stock, had nearly twice as much tree canopy (~43%). Results are consistent across small and large metropolitan regions. The ranking system used by Home Owners’ Loan Corporation to assess loan risk in the 1930s parallels the rank order of average percent tree canopy cover today.
Transcriptional activity differentiates families of Marine Group II Euryarchaeota in the coastal ocean
Authors: Damashek Julian , Okotie-Oyekan Aimee Oyinlade , Gifford Scott Michael , Vorobev Alexey , Moran Mary Ann , Hollibaugh James Timothy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Marine Group II Euryarchaeota (Candidatus Poseidoniales), abundant but yet-uncultivated members of marine microbial communities, are thought to be (photo)heterotrophs that metabolize dissolved organic matter (DOM), such as lipids and peptides. However, little is known about their transcriptional activity. We mapped reads from a metatranscriptomic time series collected at Sapelo Island (GA, USA) to metagenome-assembled genomes to determine the diversity of transcriptionally active Ca. Poseidoniales. Summer metatranscriptomes had the highest abundance of Ca. Poseidoniales transcripts, mostly from the O1 and O3 genera within Ca. Thalassarchaeaceae (MGIIb). In contrast, transcripts from fall and winter samples were predominantly from Ca. Poseidoniaceae (MGIIa). Genes encoding proteorhodopsin, membrane-bound pyrophosphatase, peptidase/proteases, and part of the ß-oxidation pathway were highly transcribed across abundant genera. Highly transcribed genes specific to Ca. Thalassarchaeaceae included xanthine/uracil permease and receptors for amino acid transporters. Enrichment of Ca. Thalassarchaeaceae transcript reads related to protein/peptide, nucleic acid, and amino acid transport and metabolism, as well as transcript depletion during dark incubations, provided further evidence of heterotrophic metabolism. Quantitative PCR analysis of South Atlantic Bight samples indicated consistently abundant Ca. Poseidoniales in nearshore and inshore waters. Together, our data suggest that Ca. Thalassarchaeaceae are important photoheterotrophs potentially linking DOM and nitrogen cycling in coastal waters.
Insect herbivory facilitates the establishment of an invasive plant pathogen
Authors: Gossner Martin M , Beenken Ludwig , Arend Kirstin , Begerow Dominik , Peršoh Derek 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Plants can be severely affected by insect herbivores and phytopathogenic fungi, but interactions between these plant antagonists are poorly understood. We analysed the impact of feeding damage by the abundant herbivore Orchestes fagi on infection rates of beech (Fagus sylvatica) leaves with Petrakia liobae, an invasive plant pathogenic fungus. The fungus was not detected in hibernating beetles, indicating that O. fagi does not serve as vector for P. liobae, at least not between growing seasons. Abundance of the fungus in beech leaves increased with feeding damage of the beetle and this relationship was stronger for sun-exposed than for shaded leaves. A laboratory experiment revealed sun-exposed leaves to have thicker cell walls and to be more resistant to pathogen infection than shaded leaves. Mechanical damage significantly increased frequency and size of necroses in the sun, but not in shade leaves. Our findings indicate that feeding damage of adult beetles provides entry ports for fungal colonization by removal of physical barriers and thus promotes infection success by pathogenic fungi. Feeding activity by larvae probably provides additional nutrient sources or eases access to substrates for the necrotrophic fungus. Our study exemplifies that invasive pathogens may benefit from herbivore activity, which may challenge forest health in light of climate change.
Synthesis and luminescence properties of a broadband near-infrared emitting non-gallate persistent luminescence Mg1.4Zn0.6SnO4:Cr3+ phosphor
Authors: Wang Sen , Cai Jize , Pang Ran , Wu Haiyan , Luo Yanqing , Tan Tao , Yuan Weihong , Jiang Lihong , Li Chengyu , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: March 2021

The Mg1.4Zn0.6SnO4:0.03Cr3+ phosphor shows the 2.87 times and 3.09 times that of Mg2SnO4:0.03Cr3+ and Zn2SnO4:0.03Cr3+, respectively. The Mg1.4Zn0.6SnO4:0.005Cr3+ phosphorescence can still be observed 18 h after removing the 365 nm UV light source.
Joint uplink and downlink resource allocation for device to device communications
Authors: Selmi Sawsan , Bouallègue Ridha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the ever‐increasing number of intelligent devices, extensive research efforts have been spent towards developing efficient resource allocation in underlying device to device communications. Centralised and distributed approaches have been proposed to improve the network performances through uplink and downlink schemes. However, the full‐duplex resource allocation remains challenging. Here, a joint uplink–downlink resource block assignment for device to device communications is proposed. The device's geometric distribution via the Poisson point process is formulated and the optimization problem as a mixed strategy non‐cooperative game is modelled. The proposed resource allocation scheme allows many device to device communication pairs to share the same cellular resource block but does not restrict their number in advance; it is determined dynamically according to the channel's capacity and interference condition. Inversely, a device to device communication transmitter can simultaneously be allocated many resource blocks according to its bandwidth requirement and the number of its antennas. Furthermore, the optimal amount of data and power transmitted by each device is calculated. The efficiency of this algorithm is evaluated through computer simulations, and the results demonstrate good performances in the spectral and energy efficiency with relatively low complexity and convergence time.
Analytic assessment of the power system frequency security
Authors: Ju Ping , Zheng Yi , Jin Yuqing , Qin Chuan , Jiang Yefeng , Cao Lu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecently, with the increased intermittent renewable energy penetration, many power grids have been incorporated into a large‐scale long‐distance UHV AC–DC hybrid system. In the actual grid, power disturbances, such as DC blocking faults and trip‐off of wind turbines, often occur, resulting in power shortages and large frequency fluctuations. However, the existing approaches to assess the system frequency security are not reliable. This paper proposes an analytic formula for the system frequency response based on a generic system frequency‐response (SFR) model, which can be applied to modern large‐scale power systems. First, a generic SFR model with a reasonable structure is designed according to the parameter determination strategy. Second, according to the transfer function in the model, the time‐domain analytic formula of the frequency response is obtained by realizing the inverse Laplace transform. Moreover, four main indexes are established to represent the characteristics of the frequency dynamic process in different periods, and these indexes are qualitatively and quantitatively analysed. Finally, the New England 10‐unit 39‐bus power system and East China Power Grid are considered to demonstrate the key features of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed analytic assessment method can be effectively adopted in several applications.
A motion parameters estimating method based on deep learning for visual blurred object tracking
Authors: Iraei Iman , Faez Karim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTracking the specific object in the blurred scenes is one of the challenging problems in computer vision and image processing. The accuracy and performance of trackers within the blur frames usually demonstrate a severe decrease. Accordingly, this problem needs to be corrected for better tracking results. Thus, this study seeks to present the best solution. To this end, a novel deep learning approach is proposed for object tracking in the presence of motion blur and fast motion. The hidden information in the blurring kernel is useful for tracking a specific blurred object through a series of consecutive frames. In this study, this matter is evaluated from a new perspective to solve the problems of blurred object tracking and objects with highly fast motions using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a particle filter. Therefore, the proposed framework has two phases. First, the kernel leading to blurring is estimated by CNN, and then by a particle filter and the probability distribution of motion information that has been achieved by the kernel estimation the object is tracked. The results demonstrate that the suggested method can enhance the accuracy of tracking compared with the state‐of‐the‐art, especially when the amount of blur is high.
Trade‐off between threshold gain and directionality of emission for modes of two‐dimensional eccentric microring lasers analysed using lasing eigenvalue problem
Authors: Repina Anna I. , Oktyabrskaya Alina O. , Spiridonov Alexander O. , Ketov Ilya V. , Karchevskii Evgenii M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article discusses how a trade‐off between the high directionality of emissions and low threshold gain can be achieved in active eccentric microring cavities. Our findings are based on the lasing eigenvalue problem formalism, considered using the method of analytical regularisation, and an extremely fast and accurate dedicated Galerkin method, applied to a set of associated Muller boundary integral equations. This method allows us to investigate symmetric and antisymmetric modes separately, on the threshold of nonattenuation in time emission. Numerical results show that the directivities of emission of working modes in a given frequency range, together with their threshold values of gain, are controlled by the size and location of the air hole in the cavity. The high efficiency of the developed code allows us to make an elementary optimisation of the considered cavity; this code is a promising engineering tool in the design of microring lasers.
Optimised green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and their antifungal activity
Authors: Huang Weidong , Fang Hao , Zhang Shuya , Yu Haibing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCopper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesised from Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extract and several parameters that affected their formation were adjusted. The optimal synthesis system was ascertained as 10 ml leaf filtrate, 1 mM copper sulfate, and 80°C. The scanning electron microscope image showed that the synthesised CuO nanoparticles were shaped like a short rod. The antifungal effect of CuO nanoparticles against Bipolaris maydis was operated through agar well diffusion, mycelial growth, spore germination, and detached inoculation. At the concentration of 200 µg/ml, the suppression rate was up to 62.78%, and the spore germination was totally inhibited irrespective of suspension in a liquid or on detached maize leaf. The results are of great significance for comprehensive control of plant diseases, and it also provides a novel antimicrobial to assist or substitute chemical pesticides.
Quiet-time low energy ion spectra observed on Solar Orbiter during solar minimum
Authors: Mason G. M. , Ho G. C. , Allen R. C. , Xu Z. G. , Janitzek N. P. , Freiherr von Forstner J. L. , Kohllhoff A. , Pacheco D. , Rodríguez-Pacheco J. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Bruce Andrews G. , Schlemm C. E. , Seifert H. , Tyagi K. , Lees W. J. , Hayes J. , Gómez-Herrero R. , Prieto M. , Sánchez-Prieto S. , Espinosa Lara F. , Cernuda I. , Parra Espada P. , Rodríguez Polo O. , Martínez Hellín A. , Martin C. , Böttcher S. , Berger L. , Terasa J. C. , Boden S. , Kulkarni S. R. , Ravanbakhsh A. , Yedla M. , Eldrum S. , Elftmann R. , Kühl P. 
Published: March 2021

Context. The Solar Orbiter spacecraft cruised in the inner heliosphere during Feb. 2020 – Jan. 2021, moving between ∼0.5–1.0 au radial distance. The Energetic Particle Detector suite operated continuously during this period.
Aims. The Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph and High Energy Telescope observations made during intervals in between transient intensity increases were used to determine the low energy ion spectra and composition during quiet times.
Methods. Energetic particle spectra and major ion components, including 3He, were measured over the range ∼0.1–100 MeV nucleon−1. The radial dependence of 4.4 MeV nucleon−1 4He and O was measured. A short interval of extremely low intensities (“super-quiet”) was also studied.
Results. Spectra measured during the quiet period showed transitions, including galactic cosmic rays (> 50 MeV nucleon−1), anomalous cosmic rays (a few to ∼50 MeV nucleon−1), and a steeply rising “turn-up” spectrum below a few MeV nucleon−1 whose composition resembled impulsive, 3He-rich solar energetic particle events. The radial dependence had large uncertainties but was consistent with a small gradient. During the super-quiet interval, the higher energy components remained similar to the quiet period, while the approximately flat low energy 4He spectrum extended downward, reaching ∼300 keV nucleon−1 before transitioning to a steeply rising spectrum.
Synthesis of Dibenzyls by Nickel-Catalyzed Homocoupling of Benzyl Alcohols
Authors: Shu Xing-Zhong , Pan Feng-Feng , Guo Peng , Huang Xiaochuang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDibenzyls are essential building blocks that are widely used in organic synthesis, and they are typically prepared by the homocoupling of halides, organometallics, and ethers. Herein, we report an approach to this class of compounds using alcohols, which are more stable and readily available. The reaction proceeds via nickel-catalyzed and dimethyl oxalate assisted dynamic kinetic homocoupling of benzyl alcohols. Both primary and secondary alcohols are tolerated.
Laparoscopic Intracapsular Myomectomy in Women 40 Years Old and Over with Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids. A Pilot Study
Authors: Tinelli Andrea , Kosmas Ioannis P. , Catherino William H. , Carugno Jose , Mynbaev Ospan A. , Sparic Radmila , Trojano Giuseppe , Malvasi Antonio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAuthors evaluated the impact of laparoscopic intracapsular myomectomy (LIM) in women 40 years of age and over with desire of future fertility compared with medical management of symptomatic fibroids, by a prospective cohort study in University affiliated Hospitals. This study includes a cohort of women 40 years of age and older with symptomatic intramural fibroids with desire of future fertility. Women with symptomatic fibroid uterus were offered to undergo LIM or medical management. They were encouraged to attempt conception either spontaneously or by assisted reproductive technology (ART) according to their individual preference. All women were followed for 2 years. Fibroid characteristics, pre- and post-surgical variables, including surgical complications, days of hospitalization, pregnancy rate, and obstetrical outcomes were collected. A total of 100 patient were included in the analysis. Fifty patients were assigned to the LIM group and 50 to the medical treatment group (MT). Groups were similar regarding age (43.5 ± 2.4 and 43.5 ± 2.4, p = 0.99), body mass index (23.8 ± 3.1 and 24.2 ± 3.1, p = 0.54), parity (0.46 ± 0.09 and 0.58 ± 0.09, p = 0.37), fibroid number (1.38 ± 0.6 and 1.46 ± 0.6, p = 0.53), and fibroid size (5.92 ± 1.62 cm vs. 5.94 ± 1.49 cm, p = 0.949). Of the patients who underwent LIM, 62% conceived within the study period compared with 56% in the control group (p = 0.54). Pregnancy was achieved by ART in 44% of the patients of the LIM group and 30% in control group. There was no significant difference in pregnancy rates among the two groups regarding spontaneous pregnancy rate (p = 0.332), nor in pregnancies obtained by ART with own eggs (p = 0.146) and oocyte or embryo donation (p = 0.821). The take home baby rate was 65% (20/31) in the LIM group and 61% (17/28) in the control group (p = 0.7851). Both groups had similar rate of miscarriage (p = 0.748).Patients 40 years old and over with symptomatic fibroid uterus who undergo LIM have similar subsequent fertility and obstetrical outcomes than women treated with medical management. LIM has no detrimental impact on future fertility in women 40 years old and over.
Comparative Effectiveness of the Homeopathic Preparation Traumeel S in Third Molar Extraction Surgery: A Preliminary Triple-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Souza Glaciele Maria de , Fernandes Ighor Andrade , Pinheiro Marcos Luciano Pimenta , Falci Saulo Gabriel Moreira 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and Aim This preliminary study aimed to evaluate whether a homeopathic preparation (Traumeel S) might be a good option to control post-operative outcomes (pain, edema and trismus) associated with surgical removal of mandibular third molar teeth. The null hypothesis was that Traumeel S is not different from dexamethasone (gold standard) in controlling these post-operative inflammatory complications.
Methods A randomized, “split-mouth”, triple-blind clinical trial was conducted. Seventeen healthy patients with a mean age of 20.94 ( ± 5.83) years had their lower asymptomatic bilateral third molars removed. Patients were randomized to receive Traumeel S or dexamethasone pre-operatively by injection into the masseter muscle; each patient acted as his/her own control. At 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days after the surgery, the pain was evaluated according to a visual analog scale, edema through linear measurements of the face, and trismus through the maximum buccal opening. Wilcoxon statistics or paired t-test were used, and a significance level of 95% was adopted.
Results For pain, the results for Traumeel S were not different (p > 0.05) from those of dexamethasone after 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days. For edema, the results for Traumeel S were not different (p > 0.05) from those of dexamethasone at all post-operative evaluations. For mouth opening, the results for Traumeel S were not different (p > 0.05) from those of dexamethasone at 72 hours and 7 days after third molar extraction.
Conclusion With the exception of some early post-operative findings, the null hypothesis is not rejected. Traumeel S might be a good alternative approach to dexamethasone for controlling pain, edema and trismus after third molar removal.
H-diamond MOS interface properties and FET characteristics with high-temperature ALD-grown HfO2 dielectric
Authors: Ren Zeyang , Xing Yufei , Lv Dandan , Xu Jiamin , Zhang Jinfeng , Zhang Jincheng , Su Kai , Zhang Chunfu , Zhang Hong , He Qi , Hao Yue 
Published: March 2021

The performance of hydrogen-terminated diamond MOSFETs with a large gate–drain interspace (LGD) was analyzed on a polycrystalline diamond sample. A 300 °C atomic layer deposition grown (ALD-grown) HfO2 dielectric (28 nm) was used the gate dielectric and device passivation layer. The HfO2/H-diamond interfacial valence band offset of 1.98 eV was determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, indicating that the high temperature grown HfO2 dielectric has great potential for accommodating a high density of holes on the H-diamond surface, and the high dielectric constant of HfO2 is also useful for improving the control capability of the gate on the device channel. A breakdown voltage of 657 V was achieved on the device. Baliga’s figure of merit of the device was calculated to be ∼2.0 MW/cm2, which is comparable to that of the H-diamond FETs with Al2O3 dielectrics that are more than 200 nm thick. The HfO2 dielectric shows great potential for use in H-diamond power devices.
Generation of SARS-CoV-2 reporter replicon for high-throughput antiviral screening and testing
Authors: He Xi , Quan Shuo , Xu Min , Rodriguez Silveria , Goh Shih Lin , Wei Jiajie , Fridman Arthur , Koeplinger Kenneth A. , Carroll Steve S. , Grobler Jay A. , Espeseth Amy S. , Olsen David B. , Hazuda Daria J. , Wang Dai 
Published: March 2021

Significance
The urgency of curbing the COVID-19 pandemic has motivated many investigators to pivot their research to understand the basic biology of SARS-CoV-2 and to search for new pharmaceutical compounds for potential COVID-19 treatment. However, most SARS-CoV-2 studies require biosafety level 3 facilities, which are in high demand, costly, and difficult to access. To overcome these limitations, we engineered a SARS-CoV-2 replicon, which is a modified virus subgenome capable of self-replicating without producing infectious virus, allowing the viral replication to be studied in a conventional biomedical laboratory setting. The replicon system also provides a valuable tool to screen and test antiviral compounds in biologically relevant cells. Successful implementation of the technology will accelerate the development of effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Delimiting durative events with manner
Authors: Huang Chu-Ren , Chung Siaw-Fong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDurative events by default are atelic. However, temporal targets are typically required for durative verbs with a rushing manner, such as ‘We are catching the 3:30 flight’ and ‘The farmer rushed to harvest before the storm’. Why and how does manner introduce delimiting temporal concepts to durative verbs? This puzzle is addressed by our current study of two near-synonymous Mandarin durative verbs describing events carried out in a rushing manner:赶gǎnand抢qiǎng. Our event-based account will examine both their compositional meanings and their constructional patterns. We will show that赶gǎnand抢qiǎngnot only coerce eventive readings from their nominal objects, but also require certain delineating temporal targets. The verb赶gǎnrequires an understood deadline, while the verb抢qiǎngrequires the presupposition of the limited availability of the object. As neither temporal targets mark the time of the actual activities, these are exceptional cases of aktionsart. We will show that the different ways to delineate event meanings of the constructions [gǎn/qiǎng+ noun] can be predicted from the lexical meaning of the two verbs and can in turn predict the event types represented by the object with the MARVS theory. Based on this lexical semantic representation, we further show that the Generative Lexicon theory predicts the coercions of the rushing meaning from the original activity verb senses, and that the Construction Grammar theory accounts for their sharing of the same syntactic configuration.