bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid‐Contact Ion‐Selective Electrodes Paving the Way for Improved Non‐Zero Current Sensors: A Minireview
Authors: Kałuża Dawid , Michalska Agata , Maksymiuk Krzysztof 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPotentiometric ion‐selective electrodes (ISEs) are established tools useful for the determination of activity of many ions with high selectivity. These sensors, developed originally for zero‐current conditions, are of interest for other sensing protocols, requiring tailored construction optimization with the ultimate goal to offer higher sensitivity, extended response range, offering more robust sensors, or minimizing calibration and pre‐treatment procedures. Among the different possibilities, the proposed electrochemical trigger applied for the sensing of “redox inactive ions” offers important advantages and gains significant attention. The non‐zero current applications of ISEs are typical for internal‐solution free systems; thus, the optimization of all‐solid‐state transducers receives significant research attention. The aim of this Minireview is to summarize recent research in in the field, focusing on improvements of transducers and electrochemically triggered ion‐selective sensors.
Synthesis of Non‐Aqueous Neptunium(III) Halide Solvates from NpO2
Authors: Whitefoot Megan A. , Perales Diana , Zeller Matthias , Bart Suzanne C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwo Np(III) halides, NpI3(THF)4 and NpBr3(THF)4, have been prepared and isolated in high yields as described in this work. Starting with neptunia (NpO2), NpCl4(DME)2 was first generated in an updated, higher yielding synthesis than what was previously reported by using HCl/HF. This material was then reduced with KC8, followed by subsequent ligand exchange, to generate NpBr3(THF)4 and NpI3‐(THF)4. Full characterization by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, 1H NMR spectroscopy and electronic absorption spectroscopy confirmed the molecular formulas and oxidation states. These trivalent materials are straightforward to synthesize and can be used as starting materials for non‐aqueous Np(III) chemistry, obviating the need for rare and restricted Np metal and elemental halogens.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Heck Carbonylation Reactions: Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Oxindole Ynones and Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Zhang Di , Xiong Youyuan , Guo Yingjie , Zhang Lei , Wang Zheng , Ding Kuiling 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHerein, we report a Pd‐catalyzed enantioselective domino Heck carbonylation reaction of o‐iodoacrylanilides with terminal alkynes and water as the nucleophiles, affording a diversity of β‐carbonylated 2‐oxindole derivatives bearing a 3,3‐disubstituted all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter, in high yields (55–99 %) with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee). The synthetic utilities of the protocol were demonstrated in the gram‐scale synthesis of 2‐oxindole‐derived ynone 3 ea and carboxylic acid 4 a, as well as the facile synthesis of chiral 2‐oxindoles with a pyrazole or isoxazole moiety.
Safety and efficacy of iron supplementation after myocardial infarction in mice with moderate blood loss anaemia
Authors: Wischmann Patricia , Chennupati Ramesh , Solga Isabella , Funk Felix , Becher Stefanie , Gerdes Norbert , Anker Stefan , Kelm Malte , Jung Christian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsIron deficiency is frequently observed in patients with acute coronary syndrome and associates with poor prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Anaemia is linked to dysregulation of iron metabolism, red blood cell dysfunction, and increased reactive oxygen species generation. Iron supplementation in chronic heart failure is safe and improves cardiac exercise capacity. Increases in iron during ischaemia or immediately after reperfusion are associated with detrimental effects on left ventricular (LV) function. The safety and applicability of iron during or immediately after reperfusion of AMI in anaemia are not known. We aimed to study the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation within 1 h or deferred to 24 h after reperfusion of AMI by analysing LV function and infarct size.Methods and resultsIn a mouse model of moderate blood loss anaemia (n = 6–8 mice/group), the effects of iron supplementation (20 mg iron as ferric carboxymaltose per kg body weight) within 1 h and deferred to 24 h after ischaemia/reperfusion were assessed. Cardiac function was analysed in vivo by echocardiography at baseline (Day 3) with and without anaemia, after AMI (24 h), and after administration of intravenous iron. Anaemia was characterized by iron deficiency and a trend towards increased haemolysis, which was supported by increased plasma free‐haemoglobin [sham vs. anaemia (n = 8/group): P < 0.05]. Anaemia increased heart rate, LV end‐diastolic volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output, while LV end‐systolic volume remained unchanged at baseline. Superimposition of AMI deteriorated global LV function, whereas infarct sizes remained unaffected [sham vs. anaemia (n = 6/group): P = 0.9]. Deferred iron supplementation 24 h after ischaemia/reperfusion resulted in reversal of end‐systolic volume increase and reduced infarct size [% of area at risk: sham vs. anaemia + iron after 24 h; (n = 6/group); 48 ± 7 vs. 38 ± 7; P < 0.05], whereas administration within 1 h after reperfusion was neutral [sham vs. anaemia + iron; (n = 6/group); 48 ± 7 vs. 42 ± 8; P = 0.56]. Moreover, iron application after reperfused AMI showed unaltered mortality compared with sham.ConclusionsIron supplementation 24 h after reperfusion of AMI is safe and reversed enlargement of end‐systolic volume after AMI resulting in increased stroke volume and cardiac output. This highlights its potential as adjunctive treatment in anaemia with ID after reperfused AMI. Time point of iron application after reperfusion appears critical.
Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Phosphorylation of 2‐Amino‐1,4‐naphthoquinones with H‐Phosphonates
Authors: Yang Fang , Zhou Qiuju , Wang Heyan , Tang Lin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs a simple and efficient system, Cu(OAc)2 ⋅ H2O and K2S2O8 can activate H‐phosphonates to produce the corresponding dialkyl phosphoryl radicals. The obtained dialkyl phosphoryl radicals react smoothly with 2‐amino‐1,4‐naphthoquinones, affording accurate preparation of various phosphoryl‐functionalized 2‐amino‐1,4‐naphthoquinones. The developed copper‐catalyzed cross‐dehydrogenative phosphorylation features broad substrate scope, easily available reagents, high atom economy and operational simplicity, which enables a practical avenue for C−P bond formation.
Success rate and learning curve of intraoperative neural monitoring of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in thyroidectomy
Authors: Choi Hae Won , Ji Yong Bae , Kim Eugene , Kim Kyu Nam , Tae Kyung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the success rate and learning curve of intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) in thyroidectomy.MethodsWe studied 130 consecutive patients (200 nerves at risk [NARs]) who had undergone conventional thyroidectomy with IONM of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and EBSLN from January 2017 to March 2020. The learning curve was defined as the number of NARs required to achieve an effective and reliable neuromonitoring rate.ResultsIONM of the EBSLN was successful in 136/200 (68%) NARs. The cutoff point of the learning curve was 45 NARs (28 patients). The neural identification rate of EBSLN was significantly higher in the post‐learning 155 NARs group than the pre‐learning group (82.6% vs. 17.8%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsApproximately 45 NAR neuromonitoring attempts were required to reach a significant increase in the EBSLN identification rate and overcome the learning curve.
Heat transfer enhancement of finned‐tube heat exchanger using nozzle‐ and diffuser‐shaped fins instead of straight fins
Authors: Jalil Ehsan , Goudarzi Koorosh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a new method has been used to improve the heat transfer rate in the finned‐tube heat exchanger with nozzle‐ and diffuser‐shaped arrangement. For this study, the effect of several parameters was studied numerically. For the computational fluid dynamics simulation, the continuity, momentum, and energy equations were solved by the finite volume method using the standard k–ԑ model. The rate of heat transfer increases with the decreasing of fin bend radius (15 < Rfb < 20) for both nozzle‐shaped fin and diffuser‐shaped fin. By increasing of side temperature (600 < Tside < 900) and side Reynolds number (2000 < Reside < 5000) the heat transfer rate increased for both nozzle‐ and diffuser‐shaped fins. Results showed that a nozzle‐shaped fin with a fin bend radius of 15 mm under the condition of Rein = 20,000, Tside = 900 K, and Reside = 3400 has a higher effect on heat transfer in comparison with the other types of fins. The maximum heat transfer rate was almost 39% and 35% for the nozzle‐shaped fin with a bend radius of 15 mm and diffuser‐shaped fin with a bend radius of 15 mm compared with the simple tube, respectively. Finally, correlational equations have been suggested to forecast the average Nu number as functions of various parameters of the tube equipped with different types of outer fins involving nozzle‐ and diffuser‐shaped.
Tracking vibrational energy transfer and molecular dynamics in nitromethane and nitromethane/methanol mixed solutions by ultrafast spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Xiaosong , Li Hui , Liu Weilong , Zhang Wei , Shi Zhe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVibrational dynamics and energy transfer were identified by femtosecond time‐ and frequency‐resolved coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy. Nitromethane (NM) was selectively and collectively excited in an orderly manner. The beating modes involving vibrations were described and the dephasing time of theses vibrational modes was monitored. The results indicated that intramolecular vibrational energy transfer was governed by vibrational couplings. When the NM/methanol mixed solutions were collectively excited, no evidence for a beat or intermolecular energy transfer was found because hydrogen bonds acted as a molecular damper yielding a faster decay of molecular dynamics.
An ultrasound study of the mobility of the median nerve during composite finger movement in the healthy young wrist
Authors: Yao Buwen , Roll Shawn C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThere is a lack of consensus regarding median nerve movement in the carpal tunnel during composite finger flexion in healthy individuals. In this study we examined the amount and direction of median nerve movement and differentiate nerve mobility between dominant and nondominant sides in a large, healthy, young adult cohort.MethodsSonographic videos of the median nerve during composite finger motion from extension to full flexion were analyzed in 197 participants without median nerve pathology. Displacement of the nerve's centroid was calculated based on a change in the relative location of the nerve. Longitudinal nerve sliding was categorized as none, independently from the tendons, or with the tendons.ResultsIn short axis, median nerves moved within 1 mm vertically and 3 mm horizontally; no direction was predominant. About half of the nerves (52.5%) slid independently while 26.9% slid with the tendons; 21.3% did not slide at all. On the nondominant side, median nerves that slid with the tendons had a larger absolute vertical displacement than nerves that slid independently or did not slide at all (P < .01). Nerves on the dominant side moved in a radial direction more frequently than on the nondominant side (P = .02).DiscussionTransverse nerve movement during composite finger flexion in healthy individuals varies widely with no clear pattern in the direction of transverse movement or amount of longitudinal sliding. These data provide a foundation for future research to better understand the biomechanical contribution of nerve movement to median nerve pathologies.
Organo‐sulfonic acid catalyzed degradation kinetics and thermodynamic studies of nylon‐6 by hydrothermal method
Authors: Khuntia Sonam Pratik , Gadgeel Arjit , Mestry Siddhesh , Mhaske Shashank T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNylon‐6 as an engineering polymer and its starting monomer are both costly. Chemical reutilization offers some economic and environmental benefits. Depolymerization of nylon‐6 was carried out by the conventional technique of hydrothermal method using various organo‐sulfonic acids such as Methane sulfonic acid (MSA), para‐toluene sulfonic acid (p‐TSA), benzene sulfonic acid (BSA), and tetra‐butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) as a phase transfer catalyst. Various parameters such as temperature, time, normality of acids, and phase transfer catalyst concentration were varied to optimize its parameters, and characterization techniques such as amine value titrations and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used for quantitative measurements. Solid‐state 13C NMR was done for structure confirmation. A chemical kinetics interpretation shows degradation mechanism follows first‐order kinetics under various catalysts. MSA has the highest reaction rate of 8.49 × 10−2 h−1 at 90°C; it decreases to 7.72 × 10−2 h−1 at 100°C. At the same time, aromatic Sulfonic acids such as p‐TSA and BSA have a higher reaction rate of 8.995 × 10−2 h−1 and 5.582 × 10−2 h−1, respectively. The activation energy was lowered as the acidity of organo‐sulfonic acids increased as benzene sulfonic acid has the lowest Ea. Followed by p‐TSA, and MSA has the highest Ea. Free energy shows a similar kind of value. A simple theoretical model was used to calculate the activation energy. Thermodynamic parameters such as heat of enthalpy and entropy of reaction were evaluated using the Eryig–Polanyi equation. The combined catalytic effect of organo‐sulfonic acids and phase‐transfer catalyst provides a better environment‐friendly method for depolymerizing nylon‐6.
Parental experiences of rapid exome sequencing in cases with major ultrasound anomalies during pregnancy
Authors: Plantinga Mirjam , Zwienenberg Lauren , van Dijk Eva , Breet Hanna , Diphoorn Janouk , El  Mecky Julia , Bouman Katelijne , Verheij Joke , Birnie Erwin , Ranchor Adelita V. , Corsten‐Janssen Nicole , van Langen Irene M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdding rapid exome sequencing (rES) to conventional genetic tests improves the diagnostic yield of pregnancies showing ultrasound abnormalities but also carries a higher chance of unsolicited findings. We evaluated how rES, including pre‐ and post‐test counseling, was experienced by parents investigating its impact on decision‐making and experienced levels of anxiety.MethodsA mixed‐methods approach was adopted. Participating couples (n = 46) were asked to fill in two surveys (pre‐test and post‐test counseling) and 11 couples were approached for an additional interview.ResultsAll couples accepted the rES test‐offer with the most important reason for testing emphasizing their hope of finding an underlying diagnosis that would aid decision‐making. The actual impact on decision‐making was low, however, since most parents decided to terminate the pregnancy based on the major and multiple fetal ultrasound anomalies and did not wait for their rES results. Anxiety was elevated for most participants and decreased over time.ConclusionMajor congenital anomalies detected on ultrasound seem to have more impact on prenatal parental decision‐making and anxiety then the offer and results of rES. However, the impact of rES on reproductive decision‐making and experienced anxiety requires further investigation, especially in pregnancies where less (severe) fetal anomalies are detected on ultrasound.
Prognostic role of 11C‐choline PET/CT scan in patients with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer undergoing primary docetaxel chemotherapy
Authors: Jimbo Masaya , Andrews Jack R. , Ahmed Mohamed E. , Dundar Ayca , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Bryce Alan H. , Kendi Ayse T. , Kwon Eugene D. , Lowe Val J. , Bold Michael S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to assess the prognostic utility of 11C‐choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) undergoing primary docetaxel chemotherapy.MethodsWe performed a single institution retrospective analysis of 77 mCRPC patients who were treated with 6 cycles of docetaxel chemotherapy, and who also underwent 11C‐choline PET/CT scans at baseline (before chemotherapy), mid‐course (after 3 cycles), and posttherapy (after 6 cycles). We evaluated treatment response based on percent change in blood pool‐corrected maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the target lesion on PET/CT, as well as percent change in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with complete treatment response. Progression free survival (PFS) analysis was performed using log‐rank test and shown on Kaplan–Meier plot.ResultsPercent change in blood pool‐corrected SUVmax on mid‐course scan was a significant predictor of complete response (odds ratio [OR]: 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96–0.99, p = .0003), whereas percent change in PSA was not (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.99–1.01, p = .6025). 57 of 77 patients (74%) achieved ≥20% reduction in blood pool‐corrected SUVmax on mid‐course; these patients were 3.6 times more likely to achieve complete response after full 6 cycles of docetaxel chemotherapy, compared to patients with <20% reduction in blood pool‐corrected SUVmax (OR: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.04–16.52, p = .0420). Median PFS in the complete response group was 35.1 months (95% CI: 26.0–52.7 months), compared to 9.4 months (95% CI: 6.9–13.0 months) in the incomplete response group (p = .0005).ConclusionsOur study showed that mid‐course and posttherapy 11C‐choline PET/CT evaluation for mCRPC patients undergoing primary docetaxel chemotherapy can predict full course treatment response and PFS, respectively. 11C‐choline PET/CT imaging may provide valuable prognostic information to guide treatment choices for patients with mCRPC.
Direct Excitation of Triplet State of Molecule by Enhanced Magnetic Field of Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Sugimoto Hiroshi , Hasebe Hiroaki , Furuyama Taniyuki , Fujii Minoru 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEfficient excitation of a triplet (T1) state of a molecule has far‐reaching effects on photochemical reaction and energy conversion systems. Because the optical transition from a ground singlet (S0) to a T1 state is spin‐forbidden, a T1 state is generated via intersystem crossing (ISC) from an excited singlet (S1) state. Although the excitation efficiency of a T1 state can be increased by enhancing ISC utilizing a heavy atom effect, energy loss during S1→T1 relaxation is inevitable. Here, a general approach to directly excite a T1 state from a ground S0 state via magnetic dipole transition, which is boosted by enhanced magnetic field induced by a dielectric metasurface, is proposed. As a dielectric metasurface, a hexagonal array of silicon (Si) nanodisks is employed; the nanodisk array induces a strongly enhanced magnetic field on the surface due to the toroidal dipole (TD) resonance. A proof‐of‐concept experiment is performed using ruthenium (Ru) complexes placed on a metasurface and demonstrates that the phosphorescence is 35‐fold enhanced on a metasurface when the TD resonance is tuned to the wavelength of the direct S0→T1 transition. These results indicate that photon energy necessary to excite the T1 state can be reduced by more than 400 meV compared to the process involving the ISC. By combining optical measurements with numerical simulations, the mechanism of the phosphorescence enhancement is quantitatively discussed.
Electron and muon magnetic moments and implications for dark matter and model characterisation in non-universal U(1)′ supersymmetric models
Authors: Frank Mariana , Hiçyılmaz Yaşar , Mondal Subhadeep , Özdal Özer , Ün Cem Salih 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We attribute deviations of the muon and electron magnetic moments from the theoretical predictions to the presence of an additional U(1)′ supersymmetric model. We interpret the discrepancies between the muon and electron anomalous magnetic moments to be due to the presence of non-universal U(1)′ charges. In a minimally extended model, we show that requiring both deviations to be satisfied imposes constraints on the spectrum of the model, in particular on dark matter candidates and slepton masses and ordering. Choosing three benchmarks with distinct dark matter features, we study implications of the model at colliders, concentrating on variables that can distinguish our non-universal scenario from other U(1)′ implementations.
QCD factorization for chiral-odd parton quasi- and pseudo-distributions
Authors: Braun Vladimir M. , Ji Yao , Vladimirov Alexey 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study chiral-odd quark-antiquark correlation functions suitable for lattice calculations of twist-three nucleon parton distribution functions hL(x) and e(x), and also the twist-two transversity distribution δq(x). The corresponding factorized expressions are derived in terms of the twist-two and twist-three collinear distributions to one-loop accuracy. The results are presented both in position space, as the factorization theorem for Ioffe-time distributions, and in momentum space, for quasi- and pseudo-distributions. We demonstrate that the twist-two part of the hL quasi(pseudo)-distribution can be separated from the twist-three part by virtue of an exact Jaffe-Ji-like relation.
Three-dimensional de Sitter horizon thermodynamics
Authors: Anninos Dionysios , Harris Eleanor 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We explore thermodynamic contributions to the three-dimensional de Sitter horizon originating from metric and Chern-Simons gauge field fluctuations. In Euclidean signature these are computed by the partition function of gravity coupled to matter semi-classically expanded about the round three-sphere saddle. We investigate a corresponding Lorentzian picture — drawing inspiration from the topological entanglement entropy literature — in the form of an edge-mode theory residing at the de Sitter horizon. We extend the discussion to three-dimensional gravity with positive cosmological constant, viewed (semi-classically) as a complexified Chern-Simons theory. The putative gravitational edge-mode theory is a complexified version of the chiral Wess-Zumino-Witten model associated to the edge-modes of ordinary Chern-Simons theory. We introduce and solve a family of complexified Abelian Chern-Simons theories as a way to elucidate some of the more salient features of the gravitational edge-mode theories. We comment on the relation to the AdS4/CFT3 correspondence.
ON THE TRANSITIVITY OF THE GROUP OF ORBIFOLD DIFFEOMORPHISMS
Authors: PASQUOTTO F. , ROT T. O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConsider a connected manifold of dimension at least two and the group of compactly supported diffeomorphisms that are isotopic to the identity through a compactly supported isotopy. This group acts n-transitively: any n-tuple of points can be moved to any other n-tuple by an element of this group. The group of diffeomorphisms of an orbifold is typically not n-transitive: simple obstructions are given by isomorphism classes of isotropy groups of points. In this paper we investigate the transitivity properties of the group of compactly supported diffeomorphisms of orbifolds that are isotopic to the identity through a compactly supported isotopy. We also study an example in the category of area preserving mappings.