bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ORIGINS OF FORMATION OF KYIV SOCIAL AND HYGIENIC SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL: FROM THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL SCIENCE, MEDICAL POLICE AND SANITARY STATISTICS TO SOCIAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Authors: Gruzieva T.S. 
Published: November 2021

The aim of the work is to study the stages of formation of the Kyiv social and hygienic scientific school, the contribution of its founders to the development of medical and social scientific direction.
Materials and methods. The source base consisted of published scientific papers and archive materials. The historical-bibliographic method has been used in this work.
Results. The formation and development of the Kyiv social and hygienic school has deep historical roots, beginning with the scientific achievements of many generations of researchers, which were generalized and transformed into the discipline of "state medicine" and began to be taught at the department of state medicine at St. Vladimir's University in Kyiv, and later – at the department of hygiene, medical police, medical geography and statistics. Teaching of medical and social issues continued for a long time at multidisciplinary departments. Prominent hygienists contributed to the formation of the socio-hygienic scientific direction, including professors Subbotin V.A. and Orlov V.D., who highly appreciated the importance of statistics, epidemiology and organization of health work, contributed to their teaching within the training programs for future doctors. A decisive role in the formation of the Kyiv social and hygienic scientific School was played by Professor Korchak-Chepurkivsky O.V., who is considered to be its founder. The course on epidemiology and sanitary statistics developed by him in 1903 and the course "Fundamentals of Social Hygiene and Public Medicine" in 1906 laid a solid foundation for the progressive development of social and hygienic science in Ukraine, helped to establish its theoretical principles, substantiate its content, and improve methodology. Consistent advocacy by scientists of scientifically sound results of socio-hygienic research has often led to his persecution and harassment by the authorities. Insistence of Korchak-Chepurkivsky O.V. on the differentiation of the social and hygienic direction and the creation of a separate department, the mandatory teaching of social hygiene in higher medical education has been crucial for further establishment of departments of social medicine, training of scientific personnel and health professionals.
Conclusion. The path of formation of the Kyiv social and hygienic scientific school, which was long, difficult and sometimes tragic, constitutes evidence of the progressive development of social hygiene in Ukraine, highlights the trajectory of the medical and social direction, the role of prominent personalities, especially Korchak-Chepurkivsky O.V. in the formation of conceptual principles and content of social hygiene, training of scientific and pedagogical staff, who continued the work that he started.
AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING INDICATORS IN MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS UNDER COMBINED ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY
Authors: Pasko V.S. 
Published: November 2021

It is known that arterial hypertension affects 30-35% of adult population of industrialized countries, and its prevalence reaches 40-50% among the elderly. In recent years, the issue of optimizing of treatment of hypertension in elderly people has been discussed such as choice of effective antihypertensive drugs with the least number of side effects, prevention of complications, reduced mortality, improvement of quality of life.
The aim of the study was to substantiate the antihypertensive efficacy of the combination of enalapril and amlodipine in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients.
Material and methods. Indices of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were identified in 57 middle-aged patients (45-59 years) (group I) and 43 elderly patients (60-74 years) (group II), who underwent two-week in-patient treatment. All patients received the combined antihypertensive therapy (enalapril 10 mg twice daily and amlodipine 5 mg daily) for 2 weeks. And they were divided into 2 groups of 24 hours day's profile of blood pressure: dippers and non-dippers.
Results. The combination of enalapril and amlodipine in elderly patients reduced the average daily diastolic blood pressure by 20,3% (p<0,05). Instead, in middle-aged patients there was the decrease in the average daily and the maximal daily systolic blood pressure by 17,3% (p<0,001) and 7,8% (p<0,05) and diastolic blood pressure respectively − by 23,2% (p<0,001) and 11,8% (p<0,05).
Conclusions. Therefore, combined antihypertensive therapy in the elderly for 14 days was insufficient to improve significantly ambulatory blood pressure monitoring indicators. Obviously, positive changes require longer treatment.
PREDICTORS AND PREMORBID CONDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE GENITAL CANCER, IN PARTICULAR ENDOMETRY CANCER AND BREAST CANCER
Authors: Petruk A. , Lytvak O. , Khabrat A. 
Published: November 2021

Objective: to review a new potential diagnostic criteria for predictors and premorbid conditions of female genital cancer, including endometrial cancer and breast cancer.
Materials and methods. Bibliographic, information-analytical methods were used in the work. Sources of information were data from the scientific literature on the topic of the study, modern gadleins, a review of randomized controlled trials.
Results. The results of epidemiological studies suggest that the increased risk of cancer of the female reproductive system is the presence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Potential mechanisms of their association are hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Because insulin is a major regulator of cell metabolism and is a tissue growth factor, hyperinsulinemia increases the risk of cancer. Hyperinsulinemia is associated with increased secretion of androgens by the ovaries and decreased levels of the protein that binds sex hormones, leading to higher concentrations of biologically active estrogens, which are also known to be risk factors for female genital cancer. In recent years, PFAA profiles have been found to be significantly altered in cancer and type 2 diabetes. Because cancer cells require certain amino acids to synthesize DNA, tumor growth factors, build new blood vessels, and duplicate all of their protein content, changes in PFAA profiles can be used as biomarkers of disease and different types of cancer at different stages.
Conclusions. With the growing incidence of cancer, the issue of early diagnosis and detection of cancer in the pre-clinical stages remains relevant. Protein metabolism in cancer remains unclear and requires further research using a larger sample size. In addition, the biological mechanisms by which amino acids may contribute to the risk and progression of cancer or other premorbid conditions need to be elucidated. Determining the exact mechanism underlying changes in PFAA profiles has great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Discussion Issues of the Church Marriage
Authors: Задорнов Александр 
Published: November 2021

Брачное законодательство является областью человеческого общежития, актуальной в любую эпоху земного бытия Православной Церкви. Уточнение применения канонических норм брачного права, содержащееся в определении Архиерейского Собора Русской Православной Церкви 2017 года «О канонических аспектах церковного брака» явилось важным этапом развития церковного законодательства в этой области. В статье анализируются некоторые положения данного документа в его связи с государственным семейным правом и общеправославным каноническим наследием. Используя традиционный для русской церковно-правовой традиции метод ответов на «недоуменные вопросы» конкретной канонической проблематики, в статье уточняются некоторые аспекты применения норм данного документа в приходской и епархиальной практике. Делается вывод о принципиальном характере данного документа, требующем продолжения работы над формулированием церковно-правового ответа на вызовы настоящего времени в области брачного права и семейного законодательства.
Marriage legislation is an area of human community, relevant in any era of the earthly existence of the Orthodox Church. The clarification of the application of canonical norms of marriage law contained in the definition of the Holy Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church (2017). «The Canonical Aspects of Church Marriage». It was an important stage in the development of church legislation in this field. The article analyses certain provisions of this document in its relation to State family law and the Orthodox Canon heritage. Using the traditional method of answering «perplexed questions» of a specific canonical issue for the Russian Church and legal tradition, the article specifies some aspects of the application of the norms of this document in parish and diocesan practice. A conclusion is drawn as to the principle nature of this document, which requires further work on the formulation of a church-legal response to the challenges of the present in the field of marriage law and family law.
Religious Freedom and Armed Conflict: International Legal Issues
Authors: Солнцев Александр Михайлович 
Published: November 2021

Вооруженные конфликты сопровождают человека все время, начиная со грехопадения. В христианстве не поощряется участие в вооруженных конфликтах, но дозволяется исключительно в т. н. «справедливых войнах». Во время межгосударственных столкновений происходит ограничение свободы вероисповедания, которое может принимать различные формы: дискриминация верующих, уничтожение храмов и т. д. Международное право вот уже более ста лет пытается защищать права верующих во время войн. В международном праве созданы различные механизмы, как политического, так и правового характера, которые позволяют выявлять факты нарушения и призывать к ответственности за совершение таких актов. В статье приводятся различные примеры из жизни, которые показывают, как международное право позволяет бороться с такими нарушениями, хотя это и не всегда возможно в виду отсутствия консенсуса или наличия соответствующих международных механизмов.
Armed conflicts accompany a person all the time, starting with the fall. In Christianity, participation in armed conflicts is not encouraged, but is permitted exclusively in the so-called “Fair wars.” During interstate clashes, religious freedom is restricted, which can take various forms: discrimination against believers, destruction of temples, etc. For more than a hundred years, international law has been trying to protect the rights of believers during wars. Various mechanisms have been created in international law, both political and legal in nature, which make it possible to identify violations and call to account for the commission of such acts. The article provides various examples from life that show how international law can combat such violations, although this is not always possible due to the lack of consensus or the existence of appropriate international mechanisms.
Model Jaringan Komunikasi Dalam Mengolah Lahan Tanpa Bakar Oleh Masyarakat di Kota Dumai
Authors: Rahman Jeki , Rosnita  
Published: November 2021

This research aims to (1) knowing the method of processing land zero burning that people in the city of Dumai., (2) to know the structure a network of communication between individuals in processing land zero burning. The method of sampling used in this study is an application of the snowball sampling technique. The results showed that people in the city of Dumai stopped processing by burning but turned to the method of processing land zero burning,as the government imposed a ban on burning in the cultivation of land.The structure of communication networks in processing land zero burning that of forming wheel structures that dissolve in one indvidual within the communication network, in Bangsal Aceh village centered on Muhammad Rizal actor,while in Tanjung Palas village centered on yustanto and warino actors,it is better if the network communication that formed is the structure of all channels so that each individual in the network can interact reciprocally without adhering to the theory of who is the central figure in obtaining information.
PENGGUNAAN MASKOT SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI CITY BRANDING KOTA MALANG (STUDI KASUS: OSI DAN JI)
Authors: Wicaksono Aris Kurnia , Budiwaspada Agung Eko , Adhitama G. Prasetyo 
Published: November 2021

In this modern era, cities play an important role in the country's development strategy, urban planners and designers and all stakeholders build a strong image and reputation in order to compete between cities and introduce them to the world for sources of regional cash income. City branding is one of the city's strategies to display uniqueness so that it is easily recognized and as a differentiator between a city. Currently, many cities in Indonesia have implemented a city ​​branding strategy and some have mascots as part of their city ​​branding. Mascot is part of the visualization of city ​​branding which has a role to strengthen brand identity. Malang City is one of the big cities in Indonesia that has implemented a city ​​branding strategy, namely Beautiful Malang. The city of Malang also has a mascot which is part of the city ​​branding of the city of Malang, namely the mascot of Osiji which is the official mascot of the Malang City government.
This research is a study that examines the Osiji mascot in terms of its application. This study discusses the use of the Osiji mascot as part of the city ​​branding strategy of Malang City and how the visual perception arises from the application of the mascot. The purpose of this research is to find out the strategy that has been implemented by the Malang city government in applying the Osiji mascot as part of the city ​​branding of Malang City and to know the visual perception created from the application of the Osiji mascot. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The theory used in this research is Gestalt's theory of visual perception and Anholt's The City Brand Hexagon theory. The final results in this study indicate that the city ​​branding of Malang through Osiji is considered less than optimal so that the popularity of Osiji has not been able to strengthen the positive image of Malang City. The low popularity of the Osiji mascot is due to the application strategy that does not consider the design principles and concepts of city ​​branding.
High dimensional Selection with Interactions for Binary Outcome (HDSI-BO) Algorithm in Classifying Height Indicators Through Social-life and Well-being Factors
Authors: Zhuang Ziqian , Xu Wei , Jain Rahi 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: High dimensional Selection with Interactions for Binary Outcome (HDSI-BO) algorithm can incorporate interaction terms and combine with existing techniques for feature selection. Simulation studies have validated the ability of HDSI-BO to select true features and consequently, improve prediction accuracy compared to standard algorithms. Our goal is to assess the applicability of HDSI-BO in combining different techniques and measure its predictive performance in a real data study of predicting height indicators by social-life and well-being factors.
Methods: HDSI-BO was combined with logistic regression, ridge regression, LASSO, adaptive LASSO, and elastic net. Two-way interaction terms were considered. Hyperparameters used in HDSI-BO were optimized through genetic algorithms with five-fold cross-validation. To measure the performance of feature selection, we fitted final models by logistic regression based on the sets of selected features and used the model’s AUC as a measure. 30 trials were repeated to generate a range of the number of selected features and a 95% confidence interval for AUC.
Results: When combined with all of the above methods, HDSI-BO methods achieved higher final AUC values both in terms of mean and confidence interval. In addition, HDSI-BO methods effectively narrowed down the sets of selected features and interaction terms compared with standard methods.
Conclusion: The HDSI-BO algorithm combines well with multiple standard methods and has comparable or better predictive performance compared with the standard methods. The computational and time complexity of HDSI-BO is higher but still acceptable. Considering AUC as the single metric cannot comprehensively measure the feature selection performance. More effective metrics of performance should be explored for future work.
Statistical Modelling of Population-Level Exonic Variant Frequency Data with an Emphasis on Rare Variants
Authors: Shi Yining , Bull Shelley 
Published: November 2021

Introduction & Objective: Rare variants with allele frequency smaller than 1% are postulated to be associated with disease susceptibility. Since allele frequencies vary globally, the use of population control data that does not match the study population can produce bias. The research question is to identify factors that explain variation in allele frequency across populations. The secondary question is to evaluate the potential bias in using population as control data when studying variants. We use data from gnomAD (Genome Aggregation Database) to answer these questions.
Methods: We apply each of three model formulations: Linear, Logistic, and Poisson to explain how the frequency or count of variants depends on population subgroup/ancestry, functional annotation, sex, and disease status. We also evaluate interactions between population subgroups and functional annotation.
Results: For very rare variants (allele frequency < 0.1%), likelihood ratio testing (LRT) provides evidence that allele frequencies vary with functional annotation and population in all three model formulations. By LRT, interactions of population and functional annotation are significant in the Logistic model and the Poisson model. The goodness-of-fit statistics show a better fit in the linear model compared to low frequency variants.
Conclusion: We observe that population & functional annotation affect variant frequencies, and conclude that detection of differences across populations and annotations is model scale-dependent, especially for different degrees of rareness. Therefore, statisticians need to carefully consider the potential for bias when using gnomAD as control data. Moreover, gnomAD is a great resource for studies dealing with rare variants.
A spatio-temporal modelling of Covid-19 infections in Toronto’s neighbourhoods
Authors: Fu Sze Hang 
Published: November 2021

Introduction & Objective: Besides age and sex as established risk factors of COVID-19 infection, social factor is found to be a determinant, with people of lower socioeconomic status suffer disproportionately from the disease. The city of Toronto has one of the highest COVID-19 infection rates in Canada. This analysis aims to explore the socioeconomic correlates associated with COVID-19 infection and the temporal trends among different age groups in Toronto using geospatial modeling.
Methods: A Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis was conducted using public COVID-19 cases data for Toronto. The case data were modeled using the Besag-York-Mollie (BYM) model, implemented in R-INLA. The model adjusted for age, sex, neighbourhood-level socioeconomic factors, crime rates, and population density. Random effects were included to account for neighbourhood-level variation and for spatial autocorrelation. Temporal trends of COVID-19 cases were modelled using second-order random walks to allow non-parametric estimations.
Results: The model estimates showed that men are at higher risk of COVID-19 infection. Among neighbourhood factors, higher home prices, education level, and population density are at lower risks, while belonging to an improvement area showed elevated risks. The temporal trends differed by age, with ages 20-59 showed increased risks over time, compared to the youngest and older age groups. Model predictions showed that northwest Toronto has higher risk compared to the rest of Toronto.
Conclusion: The higher COVID-19 infection risks in the Northwest will require increase public health effort to control disease spread in this area. The ecological correlates identified in this analysis will also help to guide the ongoing vaccination plans.
Combat Food Insecurity amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wang Yiran 
Published: November 2021

Food insecurity has long been a public health issue in Northwestern Ontario, which adds a substantial burden on social costs and health care. Food insecurity is further exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the closure or limited hours of emergency food and transportation services. Low-income seniors (age>65 years old) face additional risks of food insecurity due to their vulnerability to the coronavirus. To help reduce food insecurity in this specific population, an emergency food program named “Senior Food Bags” was established by Roots to Harvest at the City of Thunder Bay, which provides insights on incorporating skill-building into food distribution activities.
As a dietetic intern, I participated in the planning and implementation of the project. Considering that a lack of fresh produce, limited cooking skills, and comorbidities are major barriers for local low-income seniors, we aim to impart seniors with basic cooking skills and create recipes to consider health concerns. Hence, a weekly recipe was developed to encourage seniors to use healthy ingredients (e.g. fresh and preserved produces of proteins, grains, fruits, and vegetables) included in the bag for meal preparation. No ID was required, and seniors were respectfully approached for communication during the distribution. The mid-term survey suggested that all senior participants (n=40) thought the project helped reduce food insecurity during COVID-19. 1/3 of participants mentioned being more confident and capable of preparing healthier meals.
The project illustrated that skill-building and dignified services in emergency food programs can do more than provide food. To enhance the capacity of food security, the first step is to equip individuals with intentions and skills to combat food challenges. Therefore, in addition to food distribution, food donor projects should also focus on fostering individuals’ food literacy development to empower them and aid public health.