bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the ultrasonic vibration on system dynamic responses in the multi-ball surface burnishing process
Authors: Cong Ding , Zhou Zhen-yu , Piao Zhong-yu , Mao Zhanpeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With the urgent demand of high-end equipment for high quality surfaces, the technique of ultrasonic vibration-assisted burnishing is introduced to strengthen the surface properties. To explore the influence of the ultrasonic vibration on the dynamic response of a burnishing system, the burnishing friction force generated from a multi-ball surface burnishing system was characterized by chaos theory. The system had four assisted forms: no ultrasonic vibration, one-dimensional (1D) ultrasonic in x-axis, 1D ultrasonic in z-axis, and 2D ultrasonic in xz-axis. The results showed that any burnishing system had chaotic nature. Under the 2D ultrasonic vibration-assisted burnishing, the burnishing friction force was reconstructed to be a chaotic attractor with high convergence degree. Moreover, the burnishing system has notable complexity and stability. The burnished Al7075 alloy sample has an excellent surface with a higher smoothness and hardness. The burnishing with 2D ultrasonic vibration in xz-axis is a technique to enhance surface properties.
Analysis of Compositions of Flowback Water From Marcellus Shale Wells by Utilizing Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Pan Yuewei , Wang John Yilin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Volume and salt concentrations in Marcellus flowback water depend on geology, drilling and completions, stimulation and flowback operations. Recent studies include evaluations of geochemical origins based on the compostition concentrations, flowback sampling analysis and numerical studies. However, an in-depth understanding of chemical compositions as well as the changes of compositions is still needed. In this paper, we will first review the literature related to flowback water in Marcellus shale gas wells to fully understand the chemistry, geochemistry, and physics governing a fracture treatment, shut-in, and flowback. We will then gather all public and in-house flowback data, named as 3-week or 3-month flowback in this work, to build a data set of flowback water compositions. After data screening, we will then analyze this database using four different methods: geographical changes over time, linear regression, clustering, and multi-variable analysis. New understandings such as the magnitude and prevailing trends of concentrations for target constituents as well as the correlations among flowback compositions, the differentiation between early and late-time flowback water were obtained and explained on the basis of geochemistry and physics. This helps production companies and other stakeholders to better manage and reuse waste water for energy production.
Study on Coal Seam Damage Caused by Liquid Nitrogen Under Different Ground Temperature Conditions
Authors: Wang Zekai , Gao Feng , Cai Chengzheng , Su Shanjie , Du Menglin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The thermal stress caused by the ultra-low temperature of liquid nitrogen (LN2) can seriously affect the porosity of the coalbed. In this paper, the effects of various temperature differences on the LN2 damage were studied by changing the initial temperature, so as to explore the effect of LN2 on coal seam with different buried depth. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), wave velocity, acoustic emission (AE), and uniaxial compression experiments were used in the experiments. The experimental results show that LN2 causes a lot of damage to coal and the LN2 effect increase at first and then decrease with the increase of the initial temperature. When the initial temperature is 293 K, before and after liquid nitrogen treatment, the wave velocity damage of the coal sample reaches 0.2207 and the compressive strength decreases by 27.92%. These two values are 0.3697 and 47.37% at the initial temperature of 323 K, and 0.2727 and 28.27% at the initial temperature of 353 K. This is because if the temperature exceeds 353 K, it will cause a 3.17% drop in water content, thus reducing the damage caused by LN2, resulting in the overall effect slightly lower than that at 323 K.
Maturity-Associated Variations in Resistance Exercise-Induced Hormonal Responses in Young Male Athletes
Authors: Sekine Yuta , Hirose Norikazu 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To examine differences in resistance exercise-induced hormonal responses among young athletes according to their maturity levels. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 collegiate and 32 junior high school male athletes were enrolled. The junior high school participants were divided into pre–peak height velocity (PHV) and post-PHV groups, according to their PHV ages. The salivary testosterone, cortisol, and human growth hormone levels were analyzed before (pre), immediately after (post), and at 15 minutes after performing body weight resistance exercise. Results: The testosterone levels were higher in the collegiate than in the junior high school group (P < .01) and increased after 15 minutes of exercise (P < .01). A significant decrease in the cortisol levels postexercise in the junior high school groups (P < .01) and an increase in the human growth hormone levels at 15 minutes after exercise in the post-PHV group were observed (P < .01). In the collegiate and post-PHV groups, the testosterone-to-cortisol ratio increased post and at 15 minutes after exercise (P < .01). The testosterone-to-cortisol ratio values were higher in the collegiate than in the post-PHV (at preexercise and at 15 min after [P < .01]) and pre-PHV groups (at all times [P < .01]). Conclusion: Exercise-induced acute hormonal responses to resistance exercise may depend on individuals’ maturity levels, even in those having the same age.
A Multivariable Analysis to Evaluate the Presence or Absence of Gender Differences in Baseline ImPACT Composite Scores and Symptom Severity Ratings in Student-Athletes Ages 12–18 Years
Authors: Hannah Theodore C. , Jumreornvong Oranicha , Marayati Naoum F. , Spiera Zachary , Ali Muhammad , Li Adam Y. , Durbin John R. , Dreher Nick , Gometz Alex , Lovell Mark , Choudhri Tanvir 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Gender differences in neurocognitive function have been reported over the past few decades. However, multiple studies that report gender differences in Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Tests composite scores ignore potential confounders which may lead to inaccurate results. Methods: A total of 4829 male and 2477 female baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Tests from 2009 to 2019 of subjects ages 12–18 years were used to evaluate gender differences in baseline neurocognitive scores and symptom severity ratings. Regression analyses were used to assess the effects of gender on neurocognitive performance at baseline while controlling for a number of potential confounders including symptom burden at the time of testing. Results: Differences in 3 of 5 composite scores as well as severity rating scores were maintained in multivariate analysis. Females had increased Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (β = 3.54, 95% confidence interval, 2.91 to 4.16, P < .0001) along with higher verbal memory (β = 1.82, 95% confidence interval, 1.15 to 2.50, P < .0001) and visual motor (β = 1.29, 95% confidence interval, 0.85–1.72, P < .0001) scores. Conclusions: Statistically significant gender differences were found in baseline neurocognitive function. This study clarifies for the first time that gender differences in these neurocognitive domains are not simply an artifact of differences in symptom burden. However, the small effect sizes call into question the clinical relevance of these differences.
Carbon isotope excursions during the late Miocene recorded by lipids of marine Thaumarchaeota, Piedmont Basin, Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Sabino Mathia , Birgel Daniel , Natalicchio Marcello , Pierre Francesco Dela , Peckmann Jörn 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Group I mesophilic Thaumarchaeota fix dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), accompanied by a biosynthetic fractionation factor of ~20‰. Accordingly, the δ13C signature of their diagnostic biomarker crenarchaeol was suggested as a potential δ13CDIC proxy in marine basins if input from nonmarine Thaumarchaeota is negligible. Semi-enclosed basins are sensitive to carbon-cycle perturbations, because they tend to develop thermohaline stratification. Water column stratification typified the semi-enclosed basins of the Mediterranean Sea during the late Miocene (Messinian) salinity crisis (5.97–5.33 Ma). To assess how the advent of the crisis affected the carbon cycle, we studied sediments of the Piedmont Basin (northwestern Italy), the northernmost Mediterranean subbasin. A potential bias of our δ13CDIC reconstructions from the input of soil Thaumarchaeota is discarded, since high and increasing branched and isoprenoid tetraether (BIT) index values do not correspond to low and decreasing δ13C values for thaumarchaeal lipids, which would be expected in case of high input from soil Thaumarchaeota. Before the onset of the crisis, the permanently stratified distal part of the basin hosted a water mass below the chemocline with a δ13CDIC value of approximately −3.5‰, while the well-mixed proximal part had a δ13CDIC value of approximately −0.8‰. The advent of the crisis was marked by 13C enrichment of the DIC pool, with positive δ13CDIC excursions up to +5‰ in the upper water column. Export of 12C to the seafloor after phytoplankton blooms and limited replenishment of remineralized carbon due to the stabilization of thermohaline stratification primarily caused such 13C enrichment of the DIC pool.
Types of the Dipterans of the Families Cypselosomatidae, Micropezidae, and Tethinidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) in the Collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg
Authors: Nartshuk E. P. , Paramonov N. M. , Suleymanova T. A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A catalogue of the types (holotypes, paratypes, lectotypes, and paralectotypes) of the species of the families Cypselosomatidae, Micropezidae, and Tethinidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) described by T. Becker, V.L. Beschovski, E.P. Nartshuk, A.L. Ozerov, A.I. Shatalkin, and Á. Soós, deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, is presented. The lectotype of Calobata nigrolamellata Becker, 1907 is designated. Photographs of the specimens and their labels are given.
Pinckney fracture: do not underestimate trauma of the distal phalanx of the hallux
Authors: Nóbrega João , Ovídio Joana , Arcângelo Joana , Campagnolo João 
Published: September 2021

Toe injuries are common in the emergency department and most of them are treated conservatively. In some circumstances, these injuries can present as a physeal fracture with concomitant soft-tissue injury affecting the nail bed and resulting in a hidden open fracture. To adequately treat these patients, a high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose and treat the open fractures and to prevent complications such as infection, osteomyelitis, malunion and premature physeal arrest.We report a case of a patient that was admitted to the hospital with a Salter-Harris type I fracture of the distal phalanx of the hallux. After confirming the diagnosis, antibiotic treatment was started and the fracture was reduced and fixed.The literature on this entity is sparse and most of the management protocols are based on its hand equivalent—the Seymour fracture, emphasising the low threshold for treating these lesions as an open fracture.
Maternal mental health and infant and young child undernutrition: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Singh Manisha , Stacey Tomasina , Abayomi Julie , Simkhada Padam 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionMental health disorder, particularly depression, is one of the leading causes of ‘disease related disability’ in women that both affects the women but has adverse effect on their children. This can have an impact on mothers’ capacity of child care which ultimately increases the risk of infection, malnutrition, impaired growth and behavioural problems in children that might extend to adulthood too. Diminished child growth has an irreversible effect both short and long terms, affecting physical growth, brain development, performance in education, working capacity and increased risks to non-communicable diseases. To date, the reviews conducted are only limited to few countries or maternal depression or certain age group of children. Our aim is to provide a global perspective focusing on all early childhood undernutrition (under 5 years) and to see if the association between maternal mental health and child undernutrition has yielded similar or different result. Furthermore, we intend to explore the risk factors associated with copresence of maternal mental health issues and undernutrition in children.Methods and analysisMEDLINE (PubMed), PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Global Health Library Relevant reports from the WHO, United Nations of Children Education Fund and organisations working in maternal and child health will also be searched. Database of systematic reviews and database of abstracts of reviews of effects will also be searched for relevant literature. Papers published from 1995 to 2020 in English will be included. Title, abstract or both will be screened independently by reviewers. For data analysis and synthesis, we will present all the outcomes mentioned in the studies and a subgroup analysis for age and sex will be conducted. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required to conduct this review.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020189315.
Efficacy of acupuncture in refractory irritable bowel syndrome: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Jun , Chen Min , Wang Xin , Ye Kun , Shi Suhua , Li Huixia , Wang Jianfang , Chen Xiaowei , Ni Jinxia , Wei Qingshuang , Shi Yunzhou , Hu Yu , Sun Jingwen , Li Da , Liu Siyuan , Li Zhigang , Zheng Hui , Yu Shu-guang 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder that presents with abdominal pain/discomfort and altered bowel patterns. IBS has multiple potential causes for which conventional medicines have had limited success, resulting in a significant number of patients who do not sensitively respond to pharmacotherapy for a period of 12 months and who develop a continuing symptom profile (described as refractory IBS) and seek help through (non)pharmacological treatments. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for refractory IBS on the basis of conventional treatments.Methods and analysisA total of 170 eligible patients who meet the Rome IV criteria for refractory IBS will be randomly allocated to receive acupuncture or sham acupuncture. Each patient will receive 12 sessions of acupuncture over 4 weeks and a 4-week follow-up. The primary outcome will be the IBS Symptom Severity Score. Secondary outcomes will include the proportion of participants experiencing adequate relief of global IBS symptoms, the weekly frequency of defecation, the stool properties assessed by the Bristol Grading Scale, the Work and Social Adjustment Scale, the IBS-Quality of Life score, and the Self-Rating Depression Scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale anxiety and depression scores. Outcome measures will be collected at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks of the intervention, and 6 and 8 weeks after the intervention. Categorical variables will be compared with Fisher’s exact test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and continuous variables will be compared using Student’s t-test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.Ethics and disseminationThe entire project has been approved by the ethics committees of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (2020BZYLL0507) and Sichuan Province Regional Institution for Conducting Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine (2020KL-025). The outcomes of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberNCT04276961.
Randomised controlled trial into the role of ramipril in fibrosis reduction in rheumatic heart disease: the RamiRHeD trial protocol
Authors: Ambari Ade Meidian , Setianto Budhi , Santoso Anwar , Radi Basuni , Dwiputra Bambang , Susilowati Eliana , Tulrahmi Fadilla , Wind Annemiek , Cramer Maarten Jan Maria , Doevendans Pieter 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionRheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a major burden in developing countries and accounts for 80% of all people living with the disease, where it causes most cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in children and young adults. Chronic inflammation and fibrosis of heart valve tissue due to chronic inflammation in RHD will cause calcification and thickening of the impacted heart valves, especially the mitral valve. This fibrogenesis is enhanced by the production of angiotensin II by increased transforming growth factor β expression and later by the binding of interleukin-33, which is known to have antihypertrophic and antifibrotic effects, to soluble sST2. sST2 binding to this non-natural ligand worsens fibrosis. Therefore, we hypothesise that ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) would improve rheumatic mitral valve stenosis.Methods and analysisThis is a single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial with a pre–post test design. Patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis and valve dysfunction will be planned for cardiac valve replacement operation and will be given ramipril 5 mg or placebo for a minimum of 12 weeks before the surgery. The expression of ST2 in the mitral valve is considered to be representative of cardiac fibrosis. Mitral valve tissue will be stained by immunohistochemistry to ST2. Plasma ST2 will be measured by ELISA. This study is conducted in the Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiac Center Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, starting on 27 June 2019.Ethics and disseminationThe performance and dissemination of this study were approved by the ethics committee of National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita with ethical code LB.02.01/VII/286/KEP.009/2018.Trial registration numberNCT03991910.
First steps in the physician-scientist pipeline: a longitudinal study to examine the effects of an undergraduate extracurricular research programme
Authors: Ommering Belinda W C , van Blankenstein Floris M , Dekker Friedo W 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesMedicine is facing a physician-scientist shortage. By offering extracurricular research programmes (ERPs), the physician-scientist training pipeline could already start in undergraduate phases of medical training. However, previous studies into the effects of ERPs are mainly retrospective and lack baseline measurements and control groups. Therefore, the current study mimics a randomised controlled trial to examine the effects of an ERP.DesignProspective cohort study with baseline measurement and comparable control group.SettingOne cohort of 315 medical undergraduates in one Dutch University Medical Center are surveyed yearly. To examine the effects of the ERP on academic achievement and motivational factors, regression analyses were used to compare ERP students to students showing ERP-interest only, adjusted for relevant baseline scores.ParticipantsOut of the 315 students of the whole cohort, 56 participated within the ERP and are thus included. These ERP students are compared with 38 students showing ERP-interest only (ie, control group).Primary outcome measureAcademic achievement after 2 years (ie, in-time bachelor completion, bachelor grade point average (GPA)) and motivational factors after 18 months (ie, intrinsic motivation for research, research self-efficacy, perceptions of research, curiosity).ResultsERP participation is related to a higher odds of obtaining a bachelor degree in the appointed amount of time (adjusted OR=2.95, 95% CI 0.83 to 10.52). Furthermore, starting the ERP resulted in higher levels of intrinsic motivation for research, also after adjusting for gender, age, first-year GPA and motivational baseline scores (β=0.33, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.63). No effect was found on research self-efficacy beliefs, perceptions of research and curiosity.ConclusionsPrevious research suggested that intrinsic motivation is related to short-term and long-term research engagement. As our findings indicate that starting the ERP is related to increased levels of intrinsic motivation for research, ERPs for undergraduates could be seen as an important first step in the physician-scientist pipeline.
MUFFIN-PTS trial, Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction for the Treatment of Post-Thrombotic Syndrome: protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Galanaud Jean Philippe , Abdulrehman Jameel , Lazo-Langner A , Le Gal Grégoire , Shivakumar Sudeep , Schulman Sam , Kahn Susan 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionAfter deep vein thrombosis, up to 50% of patients develop post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). PTS is a chronic condition that reduces quality of life (QOL). Cornerstones of PTS treatment include the use of elastic compression stockings but this treatment is usually incompletely effective and is burdensome. Venoactive drugs have been reported to be effective to treat chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). However, the level of evidence supporting their use in CVI in general and in PTS in particular is low.Methods and analysisThe MUFFIN-PTS trial is an academic, publically funded, multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy of micronised purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF, Venixxa), a venoactive drug, to treat PTS. Eighty-six patients with PTS (Villalta score (VS) ≥5) and experiencing at least two of the following PTS manifestations among daily leg heaviness, cramps, pain or oedema will be randomised to receive 1000 mg of oral MPFF or a similar appearing placebo for 6 months, in addition to their usual PTS treatment. Total study follow-up will be 9 months, with visits at inclusion/baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months. Primary outcome is the proportion of patients with improvement in VS in each group, where improvement is defined as a decrease of at least 30% in VS or a VS <5 in the PTS-affected leg. Main secondary outcomes include QOL and patient satisfaction.Ethics and disseminationPrimary ethics approval was received from Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) West-Central Montreal Research Ethics Board. Results of the study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03833024); Pre-results.