bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodality imaging of greater trochanter lesions
Authors: Thaker Siddharth , Gupta Harun , Azzopardi Christine , Sanghavi Parang , Davies Mark , James Steven , Botchu Rajesh 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionGreater trochanter (GT) lesions are relatively uncommon. They can be traumatic, infective including tuberculosis, inflammatory, and neoplastic (primary and metastatic osseous lesions). Although imaging of greater trochanter lesions remains essential for differential diagnoses, an image-guided biopsy is a mainstay for diagnosis and to guide subsequent management.Material and methodsA retrospective search for the word ‘greater trochanter’ was performed of a computerised radiology information system (CRIS) of a tertiary referral centre for orthopaedic oncology over a period of 12 years (2007-2019). This revealed 6019 reports with 101 neoplasms. The imaging, histology, and demography were reviewed by a dedicated musculoskeletal radiologist.ResultsWe identified 101 GT neoplasms with a mean age of 51.5 years (range 6 to 85 years) and a slight female predominance of 1.2 : 1 (46 males and 55 females). Using 30 years of age as a cut-off, we further segregated the patient cohort into 2 groups: 26 (25.74%) lesions in patients less than 30 years age and the remaining 75 (74.26%) lesions in patients over 30 years old. Chondroblastoma was the most common neoplasm in patients below 30 years of age, and metastases were the most common neoplasms in patients over 30 years of age.ConclusionsGreater trochanter pathologies show a broad spectrum of aetiologies. Imaging including radiographs, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear medicine scans help to narrow down the differen­tials diagnosis.
The role of diffusion tensor imaging of the liver in children with autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Khalek Abdel Razek Ahmed Abdel , Abdalla Ahmed , Megahed Ahmed , Elsayed Ahmed Mohamed , ElMabood Suzy Abd , Abdel Wahab Rihame 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionTo evaluate the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the liver in children with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).Material and methodsA prospective study was done on 42 children with AIH (30 girls and 12 boys, with a mean age of 13 years) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control children. They underwent DTI of the liver and laboratory tests. Liver biopsy was done for the patients. The mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the liver were calculated and correlated with the pathological results.ResultsThe mean MD and FA of the liver in children with AIH were 1.42 ± 0.06 × 10-3 mm²/s and 0.37 ± 0.11; and in the control children they were 1.55 ± 0.07 × 10-3 mm²/s and 0.25 ± 0.03, respectively. The MD and FA were significantly different in the children with AIH compared to the control children (p = 0.001). The cutoff MD and FA used to differentiate patients from controls were 1.50 × 10-3 mm²/s, 0.31 with AUC of 0.919 and 0.813, sensitivity of 97.6% and 66.7%, a specificity of 80% and 70%, an accuracy of 94.2% and 67.3%, PPV of 95.3 and 90.3, and NPV of 88.9 and 33.3, respectively. There was significantly lower MD and higher FA of the liver in children with AIH type I (n = 31) than type II (n = 11) (p = 0.001), and patients with (n = 9) and without (n = 33) overlap syndrome (p = 0.005).ConclusionsWe concluded that DTI parameters can help to diagnose AIH, detect its phenotyping, and give clues as to the presence of associated overlap syndrome.
The role of chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating osteoporotic benign and malignant vertebral marrow lesions
Authors: S. Wadhawan Brahmdeep , Kaur Ravinder , Kaur Veerinder , Jirankali Vivek , Singh Navjot , Jindal Rohit 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionTo evaluate the usefulness of chemical shift imaging (CSI) in differentiating benign osteoporotic and malignant vertebral marrow lesions.Material and methodsPatients undergoing spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for back pain, which showed altered marrow signal intensity on conventional MRI sequences, were included in the study. Patients with acute traumatic vertebral fractures, infective spondylodiscitis, paravertebral collections, etc. were excluded. The patients underwent CSI. In-phase and opposed-phase images were taken to calculate the signal intensity ratio (SIR) of the abnormal vertebra. The SIR of the mean signal intensity measured on opposed-phase to mean signal intensity measured on in-phase images was measured and recorded.ResultsThe studied population included 30 patients, in whom 58 vertebrae were accessed, which included 38 dorsal, 18 lumbar, 1 sacral, and 1 cervical. Out of 58 vertebrae, 46 (79%) were malignant and 12 (20%) were benign. The mean CSI/SIR of malignant lesions was 0.96 and the mean SIR of benign lesions was 0.76.ConclusionsConventional MRI sequences cannot always differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. So newer
sequences like CSI have been developed. CSI SIR can be used as a new tool in differentiating benign osteoporotic and malignant vertebral marrow lesions.
Model-based iterative reconstruction in paediatric head computed tomography: a pilot study on dose reduction in children
Authors: K. Atri Pardeep , S. Sodhi Kushaljit , Bhatia Anmol , K. Saxena Akshay , Khandelwal Niranjan , Singhi Pratibha 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionTo evaluate the potential of model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) on dose reduction and image quality in children undergoing computed tomography (CT) head examinations.Material and methodsThis prospective study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. A total of 88 children (age range of 5 to 16 years) with a history of seizures underwent contrast-enhanced CT scan. Forty-one children underwent CT study according to the MBIR technique, while 47 children underwent CT of the head with the non-MBIR protocol. Images were reviewed by 2 blinded paediatric radiologists in a random order. Mean dose-length product, CT dose index (CTDI) volume, and mean effective dose were recorded for both groups. Image quality, image noise, and diagnostic acceptability of 2 image sets were also recorded.ResultsIn the MBIR group, the mean dose-length product was reduced by 79.8%; the mean CTDI volume was reduced by 88.5%, while the mean effective dose was reduced by 81% when compared to the non-MBIR group.
No significant difference was seen in diagnostic acceptability, image noise, and image quality between the 2 groups.ConclusionsMBIR technique is highly effective in reducing radiation dose in paediatric head CT examinations without any significant difference in image quality, image noise, and diagnostic acceptability.
THE NEED FOR CUTTING CARE IN ELM STANDS FOR THE PURPOSE OF REJUVENATION
Authors: ПАНКРАТОВ В.К. 
Published: September 2021

Проведение рубок ухода в лесных насаждениях нацелено на улучшение породного состава, товарной структуры древостоев и на более полное использование потенциальной продуктивности насаждений. При разреживании древостоев увеличивается площадь питания оставшейся части древостоя, улучшается снабжение деревьев питательными веществами и ускоряется их рост, меняется распределение деревьев по естественным ступеням толщины. Величина и направленность изменений зависят от различных пара- метров, однако в любом случае при уменьшении количества деревьев в насаждении происходят изменения не только в показателях древостоя, но и в среде формирующихся насаждений. К ним относятся: световой и тепловой режимы, количество поступающих под полог осадков, скорость ветра, испарение с поверхности почвы и др. Эти изменения наступают сразу после прореживания насаждений независимо от способа и интенсивности рубки, которые, в свою очередь, влияют на величину изменений.
Felling of trees in forest stands is aimed at improving the species composition, the commercial structure of the stand, and at making better use of the potential productivity of the stands. When the stands are thinned, the area of nutrition of the remaining part of the plant increases, its supply of nutrients improves and growth accelerates, and the distribution of trees along the natural thickness steps changes. The magnitude and direction of changes depend on various parameters, but in any case, with a decrease in the number of trees in the stand, changes occur not only in the indicators of the stand, but also in the environment of the emerging stands. These include: light and heat modes, the amount of precipitation entering the canopy, wind speed, evaporation from the soil surface, etc. These changes occur immediately after the thinning of the plantings, regardless of the method and intensity of cutting, which, in turn, affect the magnitude of the changes.
PRAKTEK MAKELAR JUAL BELI SAPI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM (STUDI KASUS DI DESA EMBUNG KANDONG KECAMATAN TERARA KAB. LOTIM)
Authors: Hairori Saharul Hafiz  
Published: September 2021

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktek makelar jual beli sapi dalam perspektif hukum islam. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan yang ditekankan pada Studi Kasus (Case Study). Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa peneliti menemukan ada beberapa praktek makelar dalam proses transaksi jual beli hewan ternak sapidi Desa Embung Kandong Kecamatan Terara Kabupaten Lombok Timur memiliki tiga unsur berdasarkan tugasnya, yaitu makelar sebagai perantara penjual dan pembeli, mencarikan barang bagi pembeli atau menjualkan barang bagi penjual. Sedangkan menurut hukum Islam, bahwa praktek makelar digolongkan menjadi dua poin, yakni praktek makelar yang sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum Islam misalkan seorang makelar yang jujur dalam membantu pihak penjual dan pembeli, sedangkan yang keluar dari hukum Islam misalkan seorang makelar sering menguntungkan diri sendiri dengan cara menambahkan harga barang tanpa sepengetahuan kedua belah pihak dan tidak bertanggung jawab atas resiko yang mungkin terjadi.
GADAI MOTOR DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM ADAT (Studi Kasus di Desa Embung Kandong Kecamatan Terara)
Authors: Siti Nisaunnupuz Zikri  
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktik gadai motor dalam perspektif hukum Islam di desa Embung Kandong. Peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research) yang dilakukan di desa embung kandong. Ada beberapa metode pengumpulan datanya, yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini ada dua yaitu sumber data primer hasil dari wawancara penggadai, penerima gadai dan tokoh masyarakat, sementara data Sekunder berupa dokumen-dokumen, buku, catatan dan sebagainya, kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif Analistis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik gadai motor di desa Embung Kandong, pihak rahin menyerahkan barang jaminan yang kemudian murtahin memberikan sejumlah utang kepada rahin. Selanjutnya, selama masa penahanan barang, murtahin memanfaatkan barang gadai motor tersebut dan menanggung biaya perawatannya. Praktik seperti ini tidak melanggar syari’at Islam karena sebelum akad berlangsung, rahin sudah terlebih dahulu mengizinkan pemanfaatan barang gadai tersebut meskipun tidak secara lisan atau tulisan. Hal ini didasari kebiasaan yang sudah berlaku di desa Embung Kandong yang meski tanpa adanya izin secara lisan atau tulisan dari pihak rahin namun secara kebiasaan rahin telah mengizinkan pemanfaatannya
Soil greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical coastal wetlands and alternative agricultural land uses
Authors: Iram Naima , Kavehei Emad , Maher Damien T. , Bunn Stuart E. , Rezaei Rashti Mehran , Farahani Bahareh Shahrabi , Adame Maria Fernanda 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Coastal wetlands are essential for regulating the global carbon
budget through soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas (GHG – CO2, CH4, and N2O) fluxes. The conversion of coastal wetlands to
agricultural land alters these fluxes' magnitude and direction
(uptake/release). However, the extent and drivers of change of GHG fluxes are
still unknown for many tropical regions. We measured soil GHG fluxes from
three natural coastal wetlands – mangroves, salt marsh, and freshwater tidal
forests – and two alternative agricultural land uses – sugarcane farming and
pastures for cattle grazing (ponded and dry conditions). We assessed
variations throughout different climatic conditions (dry–cool, dry–hot, and
wet–hot) within 2 years of measurements (2018–2020) in tropical Australia.
The wet pasture had by far the highest CH4 emissions with 1231±386 mgm-2d-1, which were 200-fold higher than any other site.
Dry pastures and sugarcane were the highest emitters of N2O
with 55±9 mgm-2d-1 (wet–hot period) and 11±3 mgm-2d-1 (hot-dry period, coinciding with fertilisation), respectively. Dry
pastures were also the highest emitters of CO2 with 20±1 gm-2d-1 (wet–hot period). The three coastal wetlands measured had
lower emissions, with salt marsh uptake of -0.55±0.23 and
-1.19±0.08 gm-2d-1 of N2O and CO2, respectively, during the dry–hot
period. During the sampled period, sugarcane and pastures had higher total
cumulative soil GHG emissions (CH4+N2O) of 7142 and 56 124 CO2-eqkgha-1yr-1 compared to coastal wetlands with 144 to
884 CO2-eqkgha-1yr-1 (where CO2-eq is CO2 equivalent). Restoring unproductive sugarcane
land or pastures (especially ponded ones) to coastal wetlands could provide
significant GHG mitigation.
Landslide-lake outburst floods accelerate downstream hillslope slippage
Authors: Yang Wentao , Fang Jian , Liu-Zeng Jing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The Jinsha River, which has carved a 2–4 km deep gorge,
is one of the largest SE Asian rivers. Two successive landslide-lake
outburst floods (LLFs) occurred after the 2018 Baige landslides along the
river. Using Sentinel-2 images, we examined the LLF impacts on downstream
river channels and adjacent hillslopes over a 100 km distance. The floods
increased the width of the active river channel by 54 %. Subsequently,
major landslides persisted for 15 months in at least nine locations for
displacements >2 m. Among them, three moving hillslopes
∼80 km downstream from the Baige landslides slumped more
than 10 m 1 year after the floods. Extensive undercuts by floods probably
removed hillslope buttresses and triggered a deformation response,
suggesting strong and dynamic channel–hillslope coupling. Our findings
indicate that infrequent catastrophic outburst flooding plays an important
role in landscape evolution. Persistent post-flood hillslope movement should
be considered in disaster mitigation in high-relief mountainous regions.
Reacciones adversas a los alimentos: ¿Cuál es el papel de los microorganismos?
Authors: Caminero Alberto 
Published: September 2021

It is estimated that around 25% of the population worldwide experience adverse reactions to food, which are very diverse based on both etiology and clinical presentation. According to the pathophysiological processes involved, adverse reactions to foods can be broadly classified as sensitivities or intolerances, depending on whether they are immune-mediated, or not. Specifically, food sensitivities have become a growing clinical, economic, and social problem nowadays. Although the reason for the increased prevalence of well-determined food sensitives such as celiac disease and food allergies is not well understood, the role of microbes in both inducing and protecting from these conditions has been proposed. First, several studies suggest that the gut microbiota, the vast number of microbes that live in our digestive tract, influence the appearance of different adverse reactions to food. These studies are based on observational changes in the composition and function of the fecal microbiota of celiac, allergic and food intolerant patients when compared to controls or healthy participants. Second, infectious microbial agents have been related to the loss of oral tolerance towards dietary components and the occurrence of different adverse reactions to foods. However, how could microbes participate in food sensitivities and intolerances from a mechanistic point of view? Preclinical studies with animal models not only support observations in humans, they also show a causal role of microbes in the occurrence and course of these diseases, while informing the specific underlying mechanisms. The aim of this review is to summarize the scientific evidence that supports the role of microbes in the main adverse reactions to food described, with an emphasis on the underlying mechanisms. The discovery of the main molecular pathways involved in pathogenic reactions to diet foods will accelerate the development of new therapeutic approaches with the aim of preventing and treating food sensitivities and intolerances.
An Ultrasound Application for TiO2 Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange
Authors: Diao Xianzhen , XU Jin , WANG Yufei 
Published: September 2021

Nanometer TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by the sol–gel method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and other techniques. Methyl orange solution was used for the degradation of the organic material and ultrasonic technology was used to determine the photocatalytic performance of the catalysts. The results show that the photocatalytic performance of the Ni-N-TiO2 is clearly improved under ultrasonic conditions. The TiO2 photocatalytic degradation effect is optimal at a catalyst concentration of 0.3 g/L, an initial concentration of the organic matter of 0.03 mmol/L, a nickel-doping amount of 2 mol %, and a nitrogen-doping amount of 15 mol %. The use of ultrasound technology in combination with photocatalysis has a positive effect and results in a TiO2 degradation rate of methyl orange of 95 % after 3 h.
The relationship between lymphedema severity and awareness of lymphedema surgery
Authors: Lee Hyun Seung , Bae Yong Chan , Nam Su Bong , Yi Chang Ryul , Yoon Jin A , Kim Joo Hyoung 
Published: September 2021

Background During the early stages of lymphedema, active physiologic surgical treatment can be applied. However, lymphedema patients often have limited knowledge and misconceptions regarding lymphedema and surgical treatment. We analyzed the correlations between lymphedema severity and surgical technique according to patients’ awareness of surgical treatment for secondary upper extremity lymphedema (UEL).
Methods Patients with UEL diagnosed between December 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. At the time of their presentation to our hospital for the treatment of lymphedema, they were administered a questionnaire about lymphedema and lymphedema surgery. Based on the results, patients were classified as being aware or unaware of surgical treatment. Lymphedema severity was classified according to the arm dermal backflow (ADB) stage and the MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) stage based on indocyanine green lymphography conducted at presentation. Surgical techniques were compared between the two groups.
Results Patients who were aware of surgical treatment had significantly lower initial ADB and MDACC stages (P<0.05) and more frequently underwent physiologic procedures than excisional procedures (P=0.003).
Conclusions If patients are actively educated regarding surgical treatment of lymphedema, physiologic procedures may be performed during the early stages of UEL.
Acute limb ischemia following perineal reconstruction in lithotomy position: take-home message for plastic surgeons
Authors: Sapino Gianluca , Deglise Sebastien , Raffoul Wassim , di Summa Pietro G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite the extensive use of lithotomy position in several plastic surgery procedures, most reports regarding the related incidence of complications are presented in the urologic, gynecologic, and anesthesiologic fields. We present the case of a 54-year-old male patient. polytrauma patient who underwent internal iliac artery embolization leading to extensive gluteal necrosis requiring: debridement, abdominoperineal resection and composite anterolateral thigh flap reconstruction with prolonged lithotomy position. The patient presented lower limb ischemia briefly after surgical theater. A computed tomography scan revealed the obstruction of the left superficial femoral artery requiring emergency revascularization. Arterial thrombosis is a potentially devastating complication and plastic surgeons should be aware of the possible dangers when performing surgeries in prolonged lithotomy position. Preoperative detection of patients at high risks for developing complications should be performed in order to implement preventive measures and avoid potentially life-threatening sequelae.
ENTREVISTA A Antonio Martín Moreno por Ana M. Vernia
Authors: Vernia Carrasco Ana Mercedes 
Published: September 2021

Antonio Martín Moreno, Catedrático de la Universidad. Inició sus estudios musicales en el Seminario Menor de Granada (1959) con José Castañeda y Juan Alfonso García y en el Conservatorio de Música de Córdoba con Joaquín Reyes Cabrera y Rafael Quero, ampliándolos en el de Madrid con Julián López Gimeno, Manuel Carra, Federido Sopeña, Gerardo Gombau, Francisco Calés y Antonio Barrera Maraver, entre otros, obteniendo el Título Superior en 1973. En 1969 finalizó la Licenciatura en Filosofía y Letras (Sección Filosofía) en la Universidad Pontificia de Comillas (Santander y Madrid), y en 1970 la Licenciatura en Filosofía Pura en la Universidad Complutense (Madrid). Una beca de “Ayuda a la formación de personal investigador)” (1972-1975) le permitió proseguir su especialización musicológica en el Instituto Español de Musicología del CSIC de Barcelona con el profesor Miguel Querol, bajo cuya dirección realizó su tesis doctoral sobre “Las ideas musicales del P. Feijoo y la polémica que suscitaron: orígenes e influencias”, defendida en octubre de 1975 en el Departamento de Arte de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, ante el tribunal integrado por Francisco Rico, Francisco Bonastre, Miguel Querol, José Blecua, y Martín de Riquer obteniendo la máxima calificación y el Premio Extraordinario de Doctorado. Ese mismo año se le concedió el Primer Premio Nacional del “Concurso Permanente de Composición e Investigación Musical” del Ministerio de Educación, en su primera edición (BOE de 26.12.1975) y fue becado por la Fundación Juan March, para la que realizó una amplia investigación sobre la vida y obras del compositor Sebastián Durón (1660-1716). Amplió su formación musical gracias a numerosas becas que le permitieron asistir a cursos en la Academia Chigiana de Siena (Italia), Música en Compostela, cursos de Pedagogía Musical Ataúlfo Argenta (Castro Urdiales) y cursos Manuel de Falla del Festival Internacional de Música y Danza de Granada, entre otros.
Investigation of the Phytochemistry and Antioxidant Activity of Pterocarpus angolensis (Mubvamaropa) from Mupandawana
Authors: Zengeni S. , Chifamba J. M. , Mutingwende I. , Manyarara T. 
Published: September 2021

The present study investigated the phytochemistry and antioxidant activity of Pterocarpus angolensis (Mubvamaropa) from Mupandawana. Pt. angolensis has numerous medicinal uses. The bark, sap, leaves and roots are all used to treat different ailments. The sap is used to stop nose bleeds, treatment of ulcers and kill ringworms. Several studies have supported the use of the tree’s sap to treat cataracts, malaria as well as skin inflammations. Pterocarpus angolensis bark was collected from Gutu, Masvingo province and authenticated by a plant taxonomist at the Zimbabwe National herbarium (Mr Chapano). The bark was cleaned using distilled water and oven dried at 40°C for 4 hours to constant weight. Size reduction was achieved using a Thomas-Wiley laboratory mill model with a 2 mm sieve mesh. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the ethanolic extract had more phyto-constituents than the water extract which only four phyto-constituents present all of which were weakly positive. DPPH scavenging activity was 95.11% at a concentration of 500 μg/mL bark extract, while that of the control, ascorbic acid, was 97.60%. Ascorbic acid had an IC50 value of 4.35 µg/mL while the bark extract had a value of 150.64 µg/mL.