bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psycho-economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic on otorhinolaryngology practice in India
Authors: Duggal Prahlad , Gupta Arun , Gupta Madhu , Thakur Jagdeep , Singh Satinder P. , Singh Harshvardhan 
Published: May 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the soft underbelly of healthcare systems across the world wherein resource limited economies seemed to have taken a greater hit. Present questionnaire-based study was done to determine the perceived threats, psychological stress and economic concerns among practicing otolaryngologists in India, facing COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional, anonymous, self-reported questionnaire-based study was carried out among otolaryngologists in India over 3 week’s period, during the first countrywide lock-down. An online questionnaire was hosted and publicized using social media. A total of 178 participants landed on the page, 73 were excluded at the first question, 105 otolaryngologists, who were allowed to proceed, completed the questionnaire. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 105 otolaryngologists, 57 (52.8%) worked in private-sector. Significantly (p=0.001) higher number of private doctors (66.7%) were afraid of escalated cost of running out-patient clinics compared to government doctors (33.3%). Majority (80.8%) were against performing routine surgeries during pandemic with no significant difference between private and government doctors (p=0.765). Increased stress, during this pandemic was perceived by 73.1%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There were clear indications of psychological stress among the practicing otolaryngologists. Main reasons; anxiety about risk of infection for self, staff members and family, economic impact of the increased protective measures needed. It can be safely concluded based on the study that to alleviate fears of otolaryngologists in India; a comprehensive policy intervention is needed urgently, which is all the more important with the threat of a resurgence looming large over the country.</p>
Nursing Students’ Perceived Disaster Preparedness and Response
Authors: Kamanyire Joy K , Wesonga Ronald , Achora Susan , Labrague Leodoro L , Malik Anju , Alshaqsi Sultan , Alhabsi Jamila AS 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the perceived level of disaster preparedness and response among nursing students in Oman, as the country is disaster prone and experiences disasters every three to five years. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional pilot study was conducted from May to June 2019 using a stratified cluster sampling method among nursing students recruited from two government nursing colleges in Muscat, Oman. The Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool and Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale were used to assess the knowledge, skill, disaster management and self-efficacy in handling disasters. Results: A total of 51 students participated in this study. Most students (78.4%) had experienced a disaster while at home. Overall, the students had moderate levels of knowledge (3.17 ± 1.49), skill (3.12 ± 1.52), post-disaster management (3.22 ± 1.44) and self efficacy in responding to disaster (2.93 ± 1.16). Conclusion: Nursing students in Oman have experienced disasters and are willing to respond when called upon though they possess moderate knowledge and confidence in handling disasters.
Keywords: Disasters; Nursing Students; Pilot Study; Oman.
Effects of Nanofertilizers (Mg and Fe) and Planting Data on Productivity and Quality of Potato Tubers in Cold Desert Climate
Authors: Khodadadi Karooki Amir , Yavarzadeh Mohammadreza , Akbarian Mohammad Mehdi , Askari Ali Akbar 
Published: May 2021

Interaction among nanofertilizers supply and planting data may yield synergistic outputs that could influence nutrient use efficiency. To provide insight on this phenomenon, a double split plot based on RCBD with 3 replications were laid out to evaluate the effects spraying solution of nanoparticles magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe); 0.0 %, 1.0 %, and 2.0 % at flowering and tuber filling stages) and planting data (October 5, 2019 and October 25, 2019) on bioelements, protein nitrogen, and nitrates contents of Sante potato tubers in a cold desert climate (Kerman, Iran). Considering the control group, the use of different dosages of nanofertilizers resulted in a significant increase in the bioelements and pH contents. Besides effects of area and time of planting, their two and three effects on tuber chlorophyll contents were reported significant. The highest protein and nitrogen portion of the potato tubers were related to spraying solution of Mg (1.0 %) + Fe (2.0 %) nanofertilizers. Increasing nanofertilizers supplementation reduced the nitrate content of potato tubers. The results indicated that the application of nanofertilizers significantly increased the carotenoid portion of the potato tubers. The interaction effects of nanofertilizers and planting data on chlorophyll index and calcium levels of potato tuberswere completely significant. Our analysis corroborated that application nanofertilizers by spraying during flowering and tuber filling stages enhances potato productivity and quality by improving bioelements or resulting in favorable physiological outcomes and is recommended to farmers.
Aspectos do Empreendedorismo de Imigrantes Brasileiros em Perth, Austrália
Authors: Casado Renata , Cruz Eduardo Picanço , Falcão Roberto Pessoa de Queiroz 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: A pesquisa exploratória busca descrever a comunidade de empreendedores brasileiros em Perth, Austrália, quanto a suas aspirações, trajetórias migratórias e aspectos do empreendedorismo.Método: foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho exploratório, por meio da análise de 21 entrevistas em profundidade com empreendedores brasileiros dos mais diversos setores, estabelecidos na cidade de Perth, Oeste da Austrália.Principais resultados: Dentre os motivos para emigrar relatados destacam-se, o descontentamento com o Brasil e a busca por maior qualidade de vida. Dentre as razões para empreender, são relatadas a identificação de oportunidades, a busca por liberdade e ajuda aos colegas e familiares. A comunidade brasileira é vista pelos empresários como crucial para o estabelecimento de diversos negócios cujo público-alvo é a própria comunidade, mas também é encarada com certa desconfiança, evidenciado pelas ocorrências de falsas denúncias, denotando uma ética de negócios deturpada. São evidenciadas barreiras culturais e linguísticas, para empreender e trabalhar. Relevância/originalidade: o empreendedorismo de imigrantes brasileiros no exterior é pouco pesquisado, particularmente na Austrália. O artigo evidencia o perfil sociodemográfico dos empreendedores, seus traços comportamentais, e faz uma descrição de seus negócios e das relações entre empreendedores e destes com sua comunidade.Contribuições teóricas: para o entendimento da estruturação dos negócios de imigrantes brasileiros, fatores relacionados e condicionantes.Contribuições para a gestão: apoiar empreendedores imigrantes brasileiros para vislumbrar caminhos, tendo como base os casos relatados, para que atuem com maior assertividade na gestão de seus negócios.
World’s Largest Gas-Producing Nations: Natural Gas Will Keep the Lights on for the Next Generation
Authors: Szymczak Pat Davis 
Published: May 2021

Natural gas is almost certain to be the fastest-growing fossil fuel in the global energy mix for decades to come, comprising 28% of the global energy mix by 2050. Together with renewables, natural gas will likely fuel 60% of global electricity production, be it as pipeline gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG), or blue hydrogen.
These are among the forecasts that appear in the 2020 edition of the GECF (Gas Exporting Countries Forum) Global Gas Outlook 2050 released in February 2021 and providing short-, medium-, and long-term energy projections based on assumptions regarding macroeconomic conditions, energy prices, and policies.
The report is updated yearly and is the flagship publication of the organization, which represents countries that control 71% of global gas reserves. It is unique in that it focuses exclusively on the global gas industry, which today is providing for 23% of global energy needs.
Headquartered in Doha, Qatar, the GECF is an intergovernmental organization comprising 11 member countries and nine observer states, established in 2001 by Russia and Iran. Moscow and Tehran had hoped that GECF would eventually morph into a “Gas OPEC” but that never happened. The organization’s analyses and forecasts do, however, present a worthwhile snapshot of how the world’s largest gas producers see the industry.
Member states in GECF include Algeria, Bolivia, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Iran, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Russia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. Observer countries are Angola, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Norway, Oman, Peru, and the UAE.

Unconventional Gas To Play Growing Role
In its report, the GECF noted that unconventional resources will be playing a growing role in the market and that gas producers will need to emphasize unconventional projects to satisfy growing demand, as well as to invest heavily into exploration to identify and tap into new gas reserves and develop greenfield projects.
“It is also important to highlight the increasing interest in hydrogen as a lever to support the deep decarbonization of the world’s economies,” Yury P. Sentyurin, GECF’s Secretary General, wrote in his introduction to the annual outlook.
In mentioning hydrogen, Sentyurin is speaking about “blue hydrogen” which is produced from natural gas, and which, when combined with CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, storage) can marry commercial and environmental interests, further positioning natural gas as a transition fuel to bridge the gap between fossil fuels and renewable sources of energy.
Blue hydrogen is in fact expected to satisfy half of the hydrogen demand projected worldwide by 2050, Sentyurin points out.
Policies being set by countries in the European Union have focused more on costly “green hydrogen” produced from renewable sources; but not in the policies of other nations in regions of the world where growth in energy demand is expected to be the highest. Growth in European energy demand is largely flat.
Proxy-Based Assisted History Matching and Well-Spacing Optimization in Shale Gas Field
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: May 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 200466, “Proxy-Based Assisted History Matching and Well-Spacing Optimization in Shale Gas Development of a Real Field Case,” by Chuxi Liu, The University of Texas at Austin; Wei Yu, Sim Tech and The University of Texas at Austin; and Cheng Chang, PetroChina, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference, originally scheduled to be held in Tulsa, 18–22 April. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
A robust, reliable work flow for well-spacing optimization in a shale reservoir development incorporating various types of uncertainties and detailed economics analysis is necessary for achieving sustainable unconventional production. In the complete paper, the authors describe a novel well-spacing-optimization work flow based on the results of assisted history matching and apply it to a real shale gas well, incorporating uncertainty parameters such as matrix permeability, matrix porosity, fracture half-length, fracture height, fracture width, fracture conductivity, and fracture water saturation.

Introduction
The work of well-spacing optimization is significant because it will subsequently dominate the planning of the drilling job and completion job and ultimately will affect recovery efficiency. The purpose of well-spacing optimization serves to maximize either capital revenue or ultimate recovery. The greatest challenge for well-spacing optimization is how to interpret the uncertainties associated with unconventional reservoirs. Stimulated reservoir volume and external reservoir volume, effective fracture half-length vs. propped half-length, matrix permeability, and complex structural geology are examples of such challenges. Therefore, developing an efficient and trustworthy work flow for optimizing well spacing in any shale reservoir is critical.
Previous work on unconventional shale well-spacing optimization includes operator data analysis and numerical and analytical simulation. However, almost all previous studies ignored the effects of uncertainties. In addition, most studies require input information regarding the reservoir of interest. One method to obtain such information is to history match the production data, and a few history-matching methods have been explored and analyzed. Nevertheless, traditional history-matching methods could not overcome the problem of high-dimensional uncertainty space, as is commonly seen in unconventional development. Because of this, more- stochastic approaches have been developed and applied. These methods use the concept of proxy to minimize simulation runs and are also able to obtain as many, or more, history-matching realizations. Furthermore, Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms usually are coupled with the proxy model in assisted history matching. This method could be helpful in finding the complex posterior distributions of multiple uncertainty variables with ease.
Large scale toxicological evaluation of lead acetate in broiler chicken
Authors: Ali Shaukat , Minhas Maria Akram , Awan Uzma Azeem , Mumtaz Shumaila , Shakir Hafiz Abdullah , Tahir Hafiz Muhammad , Ulhaq Mazhar , Andleeb Saiqa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Among heavy metals, lead is one of the very toxic pollutants of the environment. Its accumulating nature in the body makes it a great threat to public health particularly when humans consume lead intoxicated foods like chickens. The main purpose of the conducted research was to elucidate the bioaccumulation of lead in different organs of chickens and its toxicological effects on various organs and biochemical parameters. An experimental study on the effect of lead acetate toxicity in chicks was conducted by orally administration for consecutive thirty days. Thirty-chicks were categorized into A, B, C, D, E, and F groups with lead acetate dose rate 0, 71, 142, 213, and 284 mg/kg body weight, correspondingly. During the experiment, various biochemical parameters (uric acid, GPT, creatinine, ALP, LDH, ASAT, ALT, glutathione, superoxide dismutase) were measured employing commercially available kits. At the end of experimentation, and lead accumulation in liver, kidney and brain was estimated by absorption spectrophotometer. Some biochemical parameters like uric acid, GPT, creatinine, ALP, LDH, AST, and ALT were increased while the level of glutathione and superoxide dismutase, was found to be decreased after exposure to lead acetate. In present study, the pattern of metal accumulation in different organs directly related with concentration of metal. The order of metal accumulation in organs is; liver > kidney > brain. In the present study, supplementation of lead acetate has affected the exposed chicken. Mostly the blood profile and chemistry are perturbed. These effects might be due to the accumulation of lead in the brain, kidneys, and liver which may result in neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. To refine such outcomes, further studies in the future are recommended.
Anti-inflammatory and Anti-necrotic Effect of Lectins from Canavalia ensiformis and Canavalia brasiliensis in Experimental Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Oliveira Samara Rodrigues Bonfim Damasceno , Franco Álvaro Xavier , Quaresma Marielle Pires , de Carvalho Cecília Mendes Morais , Marques Fabrícia da Cunha Jácome , Pantoja Patrícia da Silva , Mendonça Vanessa Azevedo , Osterne Vinicius José da Silva , Correia Jorge Luis Almeida , Assreuy Ana Maria Sampaio , de Souza Marcellus Henrique Loiola Pontes , Nascimento Kyria Santiago do , Cavada Benildo Sousa , Criddle David Neil , Soares Pedro Marcos Gomes 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lectins isolated from Canavalia ensiformis (ConA) and Canavalia brasiliensis (ConBr) are promising molecules to modulate cell death. Acute pancreatitis, characterized by acinar cell necrosis and inflammation, presents significant morbidity and mortality. This study has investigated the effects of ConA and ConBr on experimental acute pancreatitis and pancreatic acinar cell death induced by bile acid. Pancreatitis was induced by retrograde pancreatic ductal injection of 3% sodium taurocholate (Na-TC) in male Swiss mice. ConA or ConBr (0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg) were intravenously applied to mice 1 h and 12 h after induction. After 24 hours, the severity of pancreatitis was evaluated by serum amylase and lipase, histopathological changes and myeloperoxidase assay. Pancreatic acinar cells were incubated with ConA (200 µg/ml) or ConBr (200 µg/ml) and taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLCS; 500 µM). Necrosis and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔѰm) were detected by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Treatment (post-insult) with ConA and ConBr decreased pancreatic damage caused by retrograde injection of Na-TC in mice, reducing pancreatic neutrophil infiltration, edema and necrosis. In addition, ConA and ConBr decreased pancreatic acinar cell necrosis and depolarization of ΔѰm caused by TLCS. The inhibition of necrosis was prevented by the lectin domain blockade; molecular docking analysis showed strong interaction of ConA and ConBr crystal structures with mannose residues. In conclusion, ConA and ConBr markedly inhibited in vitro and in vivo damage, effects partly dependent on the interaction with mannose residues on acinar cells. These data support the potential application of these proteins for treatment of acute pancreatitis.
Investigation of the reactivity properties of a thiourea derivative with anticancer activity by DFT, MD simulations
Authors: Mary Sheena , Mary Y. Shyma , Bielenica Anna , Armaković Stevan , Armaković Sanja J. , Chandramohan Vivek , Dammalli Manjunath 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Spectroscopic analysis of 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiourea (FPTT) is reported. Experimental and theoretical analysis of FPTT, with Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, are reported for finding different parameters like: identification of suitable excipients, interactions with water, and sensitivity towards autoxidation. Molecular dynamics and docking show that FPTT can act as a potential inhibitor for new drug. Additionally, local reactivity, interactivity with water, and compatibility of FPTT molecule with frequently used excipients have been studied by combined application of density functional theory (DFT) and MD simulations. Analysis of local reactivity has been performed based on selected fundamental quantum-molecular descriptors, while interactivity with water was studied by calculations of radial distribution functions (RDFs). Compatibility with excipients has been assessed through calculations of solubility parameters, applying MD simulations.
Niche conservatism and invasion potential of Pomacea canaliculata and Pomacea maculata in two invaded regions
Authors: Qin Zhong , Zhang Jia-En , Zhao Benliang , Shi Zhaoji , Xiao Zeheng , Jing Qinlin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The most noxious apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata) native to South America, currently has two distinct invaded ranges in China and the United States. Whether the environmental niches of the two closely related species have changed or remained stable (niche conservatism hypothesis) during the invasion process has become an important issue in forecasting their potential geographic distributions. For each Pomacea snail, two ecological niche models (ENMs, employing BIOMOD2) were generated based on bioclimatic variables and occurrence records in: (1) the native range; (2) the different invasive range. Conservation of ecological niche between the native and invasive snail populations were then tested by principal component and niche dynamics analysis. According to all models, precipitation contributed most to distribution of P. maculata, whereas low temperature was another most influential factor for spread of P. canaliculata. Niche conservatism were indicated by niche similarity tests and high niche stability for both Pomacea snails during their invasions in two regions. Niche expansions of P. canaliculata were relatively larger than unfilling values, whereas niche expansions of P. maculata were lower than unfillings. High niche unfilling for P. maculata in the United States revealed a great potential for further expansion in this region. We discuss the possible roles of physiological tolerances, genetic variation, residence time and hybridization in shaping niche changes for Pomacea snails during their invasion processes. Findings of this work can improve the understanding of potential mechanisms for niche differentiation and provide a theoretical basis for forecasting the invasion potential of Pomacea snails.
Multiple Level Effects Of Imazethapyr On Leptodactylus Latinasus (Anura) Adult Frogs
Authors: Iglesias Juan Manuel Pérez , Fanali Lara Zácari , Franco-Belussi Lilian , Natale Guillermo Sebastian , De Oliveira Classius , Brodeur Julie Celine , Larramendy Marcelo Luis 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Imazetapir is a herbicide used in soybean and corn crops worldwide. Ecotoxicological studies have shown that imazetapir promotes genotoxic, biochemical and individual effects in aquatic vertebrates. In this study, we evaluated the response of different biomarkers in adult specimens of Leptodactylus latinasus exposed under laboratory conditions to the imazetapir based-formulation Pivot® H (10.59% Imazetapir) mimicking two possible real acute scenarios. Both exposure scenarios considered were the runoff simulation (scenario1: 10 mg/L) and the direct spraying application (scenario2: 1000 mg/L). Different endpoints were evaluated at several ecotoxicological levels after 48 and 96 h of exposure including individual (biometric indices and behavior alterations), histological (liver pigmentation and tissue alterations), biochemical (catalase, glutathione system and cholinesterase activities) and genotoxic effects (induction of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities). The exposure to Pivot® H during 48 h, induced inhibition of the glutathione-S-transferase activity in scenario1 and an increase of hepatic tissue alterations and acetyl-cholinesterase levels in scenario2. After 96 h, we demonstrated that imazetapir formulation induced a decrease in melanin and hemosiderin, an increase in catalase activity and induction of micronuclei in scenario1 while in scenario2 there was a decrease in the hepatosomatic index, and an increase in liver alterations and melanin reduction. The multivariate analysis allows to correlate biomarkers at the same level in exposed specimens. Accordingly, we conclude that populations of L. latinasus could be at risk after real scenarios of exposure to pesticides corroborating that the species is a good model for ecotoxicological studies in the region.