bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of single‐stage partial nitritation and anammox reactor treating low‐phenol/ammonia ratio wastewater and analysis of microbial community structure
Authors: He Chunhua , Ren Xuesong , Xu Guoqing , Huang Zhiqiang , Wang Yulan , Hu Zhenhu , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhenol and ammonia are common pollutants in many industrial wastewaters. The partial nitritation and anammox process is a very promising technology for treating phenol–ammonia wastewater. This study was the first time to rapidly achieve the start‐up and operation of the single‐stage partial nitritation /anammox reactor treating phenol–ammonia wastewater. The optimized ratio of phenol and nitrogen (phenol/NH4+‐N=0.3) was set to start‐up the reactor. After 60 days of operation, the total nitrogen and COD removal efficiencies were around 73.0% and 79.5%, respectively. The activity of ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria was291.1 ± 3.0 mg NH4+‐N g−1MLVSS d−1 and the specific anammox activity was 20.9 ± 1.0 mg NH4+‐N g−1MLVSS d−1. The results indicated that the anammox bacteria had adapted to phenol condition and remained stable activity after the 60 days’ operation in the reactor. The sequence analysis of 16SrRNA showed that the microbial community structure evolved to a balanced distribution that the removals of phenol and ammonia could be achieved simultaneously.Practitioner Points

Phenol/N ratio of 0.3 was set to start up the single‐stage partial nitritation/anammox reactor.
The single‐stage partial nitritation /anammox reactor was rapidly started up when treating the phenol‐ammonia wastewater.
Total nitrogen removal rate and COD removal efficiencies could achieve to 73.0% and 79.5%, respectively.
Microbial community structure evolved to stable distribution of which AOB, anammox bacteria, denitrification bacteria and heterotrophic nitrification bacteria coexisted.
Arthritis
Authors: Grainger Andrew J. , Resnik Charles S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of joint disease. However, to accurately diagnose the underlying cause of a patient’s arthritis, consideration must be given to the clinical information available as well as to the imaging features of the disease. The pattern of joint involvement in each case is particularly important, with consideration of the number of joints involved, whether or not the joints are affected symmetrically on both sides of the body, and which specific joints are affected. In cases of peripheral arthritis involving the small joints of the hands and feet, the distribution of joint disease detected on the radiograph is often as important in making the correct diagnosis as the radiographic features of the disease.While cross-sectional imaging modalities have an important role to play, the conventional radiograph remains fundamental to the diagnosis of joint disease and is commonly the first imaging investigation undertaken.
Spine Degeneration and Inflammation
Authors: Wilson David J. , de Abreu Marcelo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConventional radiographs and CT are primary investigations in spinal trauma. However MRI is the primary technique in the assessment of degenerative and inflammatory disorders. There are occasions when conventional radiographs, CT and bone scintigraphy assist in the diagnosis of degenerative and inflammatory disorders.A detailed understanding of anatomy and spine dynamic function is essential in the interpretation of imaging.Degenerative disorders including disc disease sometimes result in neural compression, facet joint and costovertebral arthropathy which is also potentially associated with spinal stenosis and neural compression. Scheuermann described a disorder with template irregularity that mimics degenerative disorders but is a genetic condition. Pars interarticularis stress fractures were once thought to be congenital in origin but are now regarded as stress injuries occurring in adolescence potentially leading to lifelong spondylolisthesis.Inflammatory joint disease is not just ankylosing spondylitis. There are a range of disorders, and the reporting practitioner must understand and appreciate the symptoms and signs on images. The early diagnosis of inflammatory arthropathy especially ankylosing spondylitis is essential in the effective management of the disease. Imaging is a major component of an accurate and effective diagnosis.
Infection
Authors: Morrison William B. , Kransdorf Mark J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMusculoskeletal infection can be an urgent or emergent clinical issue. Accurate imaging diagnosis is an essential part of the treatment algorithm. This review addresses advantages of available imaging modalities and radiologic appearance of the various manifestations of infection. Controversies are addressed, including the use of the term “osteitis.” Finally, the differential diagnosis of infection is reviewed, such as inflammatory arthropathies and tumors that can simulate infection on imaging exams.
The decrease of non-complicated acute appendicitis and the negative appendectomy rate during pandemic
Authors: Ceresoli Marco , Coccolini Federico , Magnone Stefano , Lucianetti Alessandro , Bisagni Pietro , Armao Teodora , Ansaloni Luca , Zago Mauro , Chiarugi Massimo , Catena Fausto , Braga Marco ,   the Appendicitis-COVID study group, Nizzardo Marco , Nespoli Luca , Fattori Luca , Degrate Luca , Perrone Stefano , Cereda Marco , Pisano Michele , Poiasina Elia , Bertoli Paolo , Ballabio Michele , Braga Stefano , Graziano Giorgio , Tartaglia Dario , Arces Francesco , Mariani Marco , Tagliabue Fulvio , Perrone Gennaro , Annicchiarico Alfredo , Giuffrida Mario , Ferrari Giovanni , Benedetti Antonio , Allievi Niccolò , Ciocca Michele , Pinotti Enrico , Montuori Mauro , Carlucci Michele , Tomajer Valentina , Fugazzola Paola 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
During pandemic, admissions for surgical emergencies dropped down dramatically. Also acute appendicitis decreased. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the change in volume and clinical presentation of patients with acute appendicitis during pandemic and the variation in treatment.

Methods
This is a retrospective study of patients admitted in 11 Italian hospital for acute appendicitis during the lockdown period (March–April 2020) compared with the same period of the previous 2 years (2018–2019). The number and the rate of complicated and non-complicated acute appendicitis were recorded and compared between the two study periods; non-operative vs operative treatment and negative appendectomy rate were also recorded.

Results
The study included 532 patients, 112 in the study period and 420 in the control period; Hospital admission for acute appendicitis dropped by 46% (OR 0.516 95% CI 0.411–0.648 p < 0.001) during the 2020 lockdown. The number of complicated acute appendicitis did not change (− 18%, OR 0.763 95% CI 0.517–1.124 p = 0.1719), whereas the number of non-complicated acute appendicitis significantly decreased (− 56%, OR 0.424 95% CI 0.319–0.564 p < 0.001). Non-operative treatment rate remained similar (12.1% vs. 11.6% p = 0.434). The negative appendectomy rate also significantly decreased (6.1% vs. 17.3%, p = 0.006).

Conclusions
The present study found a significant reduction of both admissions for non-complicated acute appendicitis and negative appendectomy rate during the pandemic period. Conversely, admissions for complicated acute appendicitis did not change.
Trial registration: NCT04649996.
Engineering of a borneol dehydrogenase from P. putida for the enzymatic resolution of camphor
Authors: Hofer Michael , Diener Julia , Begander Benjamin , Kourist Robert , Sieber Volker 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeveral thousand different terpenoid structures are known so far, and many of them are interesting for applications as pharmaceuticals, flavors, fragrances, biofuels, insecticides, or fine chemical intermediates. One prominent example is camphor, which has been utilized since ancient times in medical applications. Especially (−)-camphor is gaining more and more interest for pharmaceutical applications. Hence, a commercial reliable source is needed. The natural sources for (−)-camphor are limited, and the oxidation of precious (−)-borneol would be too costly. Hence, synthesis of (−)-camphor from renewable alpha-pinene would be an inexpensive alternative. As the currently used route for the conversion of alpha-pinene to camphor produces a mixture of both enantiomers, preferably catalytic methods for the separation of this racemate are demanded to yield enantiopure camphor. Enzymatic kinetic resolution is a sustainable way to solve this challenge but requires suitable enzymes. In this study, the first borneol dehydrogenase fromPseudomonassp. ATCC 17453, capable of catalyzing the stereoselective reduction of camphor, was examined. By using a targeted enzyme engineering approach, enantioselective enzyme variants were created withE-values > 100. The best variant was used for the enzymatic kinetic resolution of camphor racemate, yielding 79% of (−)-camphor with aneeof > 99%.Key points• Characterization of a novel borneol dehydrogenase (BDH) from P. putida.• Development of enantioselective BDH variants for the reduction of camphor.• Enzymatic kinetic resolution of camphor with borneol dehydrogenase.Graphical abstract
Kinetic analysis and optimisation of 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 PET imaging of prostate cancer
Authors: Malaspina Simona , Oikonen Vesa , Kuisma Anna , Ettala Otto , Mattila Kalle , Boström Peter J. , Minn Heikki , Kalliokoski Kari , Postema Ernst J. , Miller Matthew P. , Scheinin Mika 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This phase 1 open-label study evaluated the uptake kinetics of a novel theranostic PET radiopharmaceutical, 18F-rhPSMA-7.3, to optimise its use for imaging of prostate cancer.

Methods
Nine men, three with high-risk localised prostate cancer, three with treatment-naïve hormone-sensitive metastatic disease and three with castration-resistant metastatic disease, underwent dynamic 45-min PET scanning of a target area immediately post-injection of 300 MBq 18F-rhPSMA-7.3, followed by two whole-body PET/CT scans acquired from 60 and 90 min post-injection. Volumes of interest (VoIs) corresponding to prostate cancer lesions and reference tissues were recorded. Standardised uptake values (SUV) and lesion-to-reference ratios were calculated for 3 time frames: 35–45, 60–88 and 90–118 min. Net influx rates (Ki) were calculated using Patlak plots.

Results
Altogether, 44 lesions from the target area were identified. Optimal visual lesion detection started 60 min post-injection. The 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 signal from prostate cancer lesions increased over time, while reference tissue signals remained stable or decreased. The mean (SD) SUV (g/mL) at the 3 time frames were 8.4 (5.6), 10.1 (7) and 10.6 (7.5), respectively, for prostate lesions, 11.2 (4.3), 13 (4.8) and 14 (5.2) for lymph node metastases, and 4.6 (2.6), 5.7 (3.1) and 6.4 (3.5) for bone metastases. The mean (SD) lesion-to-reference ratio increases from the earliest to the 2 later time frames were 40% (10) and 59% (9), respectively, for the prostate, 65% (27) and 125% (47) for metastatic lymph nodes and 25% (19) and 32% (30) for bone lesions. Patlak plots from lesion VoIs signified almost irreversible uptake kinetics. Ki, SUV and lesion-to-reference ratio estimates showed good agreement.

Conclusion
18F-rhPSMA-7.3 uptake in prostate cancer lesions was high. Lesion-to-background ratios increased over time, with optimal visual detection starting from 60 min post-injection. Thus, 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 emerges as a very promising PET radiopharmaceutical for diagnostic imaging of prostate cancer.

Trial Registration
NCT03995888 (24 June 2019).
Multiscale modeling of glioma pseudopalisades: contributions from the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Li Jing , Surulescu Christina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGliomas are primary brain tumors with a high invasive potential and infiltrative spread. Among them, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) exhibits microvascular hyperplasia and pronounced necrosis triggered by hypoxia. Histological samples showing garland-like hypercellular structures (so-called pseudopalisades) centered around the occlusion site of a capillary are typical for GBM and hint on poor prognosis of patient survival. We propose a multiscale modeling approach in the kinetic theory of active particles framework and deduce by an upscaling process a reaction-diffusion model with repellent pH-taxis. We prove existence of a unique global bounded classical solution for a version of the obtained macroscopic system and investigate the asymptotic behavior of the solution. Moreover, we study two different types of scaling and compare the behavior of the obtained macroscopic PDEs by way of simulations. These show that patterns (not necessarily of Turing type), including pseudopalisades, can be formed for some parameter ranges, in accordance with the tumor grade. This is true when the PDEs are obtained via parabolic scaling (undirected tissue), while no such patterns are observed for the PDEs arising by a hyperbolic limit (directed tissue). This suggests that brain tissue might be undirected - at least as far as glioma migration is concerned. We also investigate two different ways of including cell level descriptions of response to hypoxia and the way they are related .
Disease-modifying therapies and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in multiple sclerosis: an expert consensus
Authors: Centonze Diego , Rocca Maria A. , Gasperini Claudio , Kappos Ludwig , Hartung Hans-Peter , Magyari Melinda , Oreja-Guevara Celia , Trojano Maria , Wiendl Heinz , Filippi Massimo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) appeared in December 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan and has quickly become a global pandemic. The disease is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type-2 (SARS-CoV-2), an RNA beta coronavirus phylogenetically similar to SARS coronavirus. To date, more than 132 million cases of COVID19 have been recorded in the world, of which over 2.8 million were fatal (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html). A huge vaccination campaign has started around the world since the end of 2020. The availability of vaccines has raised some concerns among neurologists regarding the safety and efficacy of vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) taking immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive therapies.
RAS-NOTECHS: validity and reliability of a tool for measuring non-technical skills in robotic-assisted surgery settings
Authors: Schreyer Julia , Koch Amelie , Herlemann Annika , Becker Armin , Schlenker Boris , Catchpole Ken , Weigl Matthias 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Non-technical skills (NTS) are essential for safe surgical practice as they impact workflow and patient outcomes. Observational tools to measure operating room (OR) teams’ NTS have been introduced. However, there are none that account for the specific teamwork challenges introduced by robotic-assisted surgery (RAS). We set out to develop and content-validate a tool to assess multidisciplinary NTS in RAS.

Methodology
Stepwise, multi-method procedure. Observations in different surgical departments and a scoping literature review were first used to compile a set of RAS-specific teamwork behaviours. This list was refined and expert validated using a Delphi consensus approach consisting of qualitative interviews and a quantitative survey. Then, RAS-specific behaviours were merged with a well-established assessment tool on OR teamwork (NOTECHS II). Finally, the new tool—RAS-NOTECHS—was applied in standardized observations of real-world procedures to test its reliability (inter-rater agreement via intra-class correlations).

Results
Our scoping review revealed 5242 articles, of which 21 were included based on pre-established inclusion criteria. We elicited 16 RAS-specific behaviours from the literature base. These were synthesized with further 18 behavioural markers (obtained from 12 OR-observations) into a list of 26 behavioural markers. This list was reviewed by seven RAS experts and condensed to 15 expert-validated RAS-specific behavioural markers which were then merged into NOTECHS II. For five observations of urologic RAS procedures (duration: 13 h and 41 min), inter-rater agreement for identification of behavioural markers was strong. Agreement of RAS-NOTECHS scores indicated moderate to strong agreement.

Conclusions
RAS-NOTECHS is the first observational tool for multidisciplinary NTS in RAS. In preliminary application, it has been shown to be reliable. Since RAS is rapidly increasing and challenges for effective and safe teamwork remain at the forefront of quality and safety of surgical care, RAS-NOTECHS may contribute to training and improvement efforts in technology-facilitated surgeries.
Second order rectifiability of varifolds of bounded mean curvature
Authors: Santilli Mario 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe prove that the support of an m dimensional rectifiable varifold with a uniform lower bound on the density and bounded generalized mean curvature can be covered $$ {\mathscr {H}}^{m} $$

H

m

almost everywhere by a countable union of m dimensional submanifolds of class $$ {\mathcal {C}}^{2} $$

C

2

. The $$ {\mathcal {C}}^{2} $$

C

2

-regularity of the submanifolds is optimal.
Is it possible to disregard obsolete requirements? a family of experiments in software effort estimation
Authors: Gren Lucas , Berntsson Svensson Richard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExpert judgement is a common method for software effort estimations in practice today. Estimators are often shown extra obsolete requirements together with the real ones to be implemented. Only one previous study has been conducted on if such practices bias the estimations. We conducted six experiments with both students and practitioners to study, and quantify, the effects of obsolete requirements on software estimation. By conducting a family of six experiments using both students and practitioners as research subjects ($$N=461$$

N
=
461

), and by using a Bayesian Data Analysis approach, we investigated different aspects of this effect. We also argue for, and show an example of, how we by using a Bayesian approach can be more confident in our results and enable further studies with small sample sizes. We found that the presence of obsolete requirements triggered an overestimation in effort across all experiments. The effect, however, was smaller in a field setting compared to using students as subjects. Still, the over-estimations triggered by the obsolete requirements were systematically around twice the percentage of the included obsolete ones, but with a large 95% credible interval. The results have implications for both research and practice in that the found systematic error should be accounted for in both studies on software estimation and, maybe more importantly, in estimation practices to avoid over-estimations due to this systematic error. We partly explain this error to be stemming from the cognitive bias of anchoring-and-adjustment, i.e. the obsolete requirements anchored a much larger software. However, further studies are needed in order to accurately predict this effect.
Mechanical unloading by miniature axial flow pumps in late cardiac allograft failure due to acute rejection
Authors: Just I. A. , Potapov E. , Knosalla C. , Schoenrath F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAllograft failure secondary to rejection commonly requires a multimodal treatment, ultimately including mechanical circulatory support. A few case reports have demonstrated the use of Impella-devices due to its assumed favorable safety profile in this fragile cohort. However, this treatment option does not play a role in choice of anti-rejective therapy in clinical routine up to date. We summarize our institutional experiences and literature mini-review on Impella-based treatment strategies in allograft rejection after heart transplantation. In all seven cases, three from our institution and four reported in the literature, Impella-based therapies led to hemodynamic stabilization in allograft failure secondary to rejection. Adverse events included hemolysis, non-fatal bleeding and in one patient a relevant aortic valve insufficiency occurred. All patients showed an improvement of allograft function. Two patients died in context of severe immunosuppression or late secondary organ failure. Based on the limited available data, we propose that Impella-mediated mechanical unloading represents a valuable option for hemodynamic stabilization in severe allograft failure due to rejection, enabling an initiation of causal therapy and thereby potentially representing an opportunity to prevent mortality. Furthermore, we hypothesize it might add to the traditional therapeutic approaches by facilitating recovery by decompressing the myocardium in allograft rejection.
Using Three Indirect Measures to Assess the Role of Sexuality-Related Associations and Interpretations for Women’s Sexual Desire: An Internet-Based Experimental Study
Authors: Zahler Lisa , Meyers Milena , Woud Marcella L. , Blackwell Simon E. , Margraf Jürgen , Velten Julia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTheoretical models emphasize the role of both automatic appraisals (i.e., associations) and conscious appraisals (i.e., interpretations) for sexual desire. Studies on sexuality-related appraisals have not combined self-report measures and experimental paradigms in order to compare the relevance of associations or interpretations. The aim of this study was to assess the relative contribution of both associations and interpretations to the explanation of low sexual desire in women. Toward this goal, indirect measures assessing associations (via a Single Target Implicit Association Test [STIAT]) and interpretations (via a Scrambled Sentences Test [SST] and a scenario task) were administered in a sample of 263 women (Mage = 27.90, SD 8.27) with varying levels of sexual desire and different sexual orientations (exclusively heterosexual women: 54.6%). Negative sexuality-related interpretations as assessed with two variants of the SST as well as the scenario task added to the explanation of lower sexual desire in women. Negative associations as measured with the STIAT were predictive of lower sexual desire only in women who did not indicate an exclusively heterosexual orientation. In this study, sexuality-related interpretations were more relevant to women’s sexual desire than automatic associations. Future studies should assess the causal mechanism underlying sexuality-related interpretations (e.g., by evaluating whether these can be changed via cognitive bias modification techniques or psychological treatments).
Rethinking student-teacher relationships in higher education: a multidimensional approach
Authors: Tormey Roland 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStudent-teacher relationships play an important role in both teacher and student experiences in higher education and have been found to be linked to learning, classroom management, and to student absenteeism. Although historically conceptualised in terms of immediacy or distance and measured with reference to behaviours, the growing recognition of the role of emotions and of power—as well as the development of a range of multidimensional models of social relationships—all suggest it is time to re-evaluate how student-teacher relationships are understood. This paper develops a theoretical model of student-teacher affective relationships in higher education based on three dimensions: affection/warmth, attachment/safety, and assertion/power. The three-dimensional model was tested using the Classroom Affective Relationships Inventory (CARI) with data from 851 students. The data supported the use of this multidimensional model for student-teacher relationships with both two- and three-dimensional models of relationships being identified as appropriate. The theoretical development of a multidimensional model and the empirical development of an instrument with which to explore these dimensions has important implications for higher education teachers, administrators and researchers.