bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An updated, computable MEDication-Indication resource for biomedical research
Authors: Zheng Neil S. , Kerchberger V. Eric , Borza Victor A. , Eken H. Nur , Smith Joshua C. , Wei Wei-Qi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe MEDication-Indication (MEDI) knowledgebase has been utilized in research with electronic health records (EHRs) since its publication in 2013. To account for new drugs and terminology updates, we rebuilt MEDI to overhaul the knowledgebase for modern EHRs. Indications for prescribable medications were extracted using natural language processing and ontology relationships from six publicly available resources: RxNorm, Side Effect Resource 4.1, Mayo Clinic, WebMD, MedlinePlus, and Wikipedia. We compared the estimated precision and recall between the previous MEDI (MEDI-1) and the updated version (MEDI-2) with manual review. MEDI-2 contains 3031 medications and 186,064 indications. The MEDI-2 high precision subset (HPS) includes indications found within RxNorm or at least three other resources. MEDI-2 and MEDI-2 HPS contain 13% more medications and over triple the indications compared to MEDI-1 and MEDI-1 HPS, respectively. Manual review showed MEDI-2 achieves the same precision (0.60) with better recall (0.89 vs. 0.79) compared to MEDI-1. Likewise, MEDI-2 HPS had the same precision (0.92) and improved recall (0.65 vs. 0.55) than MEDI-1 HPS. The combination of MEDI-1 and MEDI-2 achieved a recall of 0.95. In updating MEDI, we present a more comprehensive medication-indication knowledgebase that can continue to facilitate applications and research with EHRs.
Vaginal microbiome as a tool for prediction of chorioamnionitis in preterm labor: a pilot study
Authors: Urushiyama Daichi , Ohnishi Eriko , Suda Wataru , Kurakazu Masamitsu , Kiyoshima Chihiro , Hirakawa Toyofumi , Miyata Kohei , Yotsumoto Fusanori , Nabeshima Kazuki , Setoue Takashi , Nagamitsu Shinichiro , Hattori Masahira , Hata Kenichiro , Miyamoto Shingo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntra-amniotic infection (IAI) is a major cause of preterm birth with a poor perinatal prognosis. We aimed to determine whether analyzing vaginal microbiota can evaluate the risk of chorioamnionitis (CAM) in preterm labor cases. Vaginal discharge samples were collected from 83 pregnant women admitted for preterm labor. Based on Blanc’s classification, the participants were divided into CAM (stage ≥ II; n = 46) and non-CAM (stage ≤ I; n = 37) groups. The 16S rDNA amplicons (V1–V2) from vaginal samples were sequenced and analyzed. Using a random forest algorithm, the bacterial species associated with CAM were identified, and a predictive CAM (PCAM) scoring method was developed. The α diversity was significantly higher in the CAM than in the non-CAM group (P < 0.001). The area under the curve was 0.849 (95% confidence interval 0.765–0.934) using the PCAM score. Among patients at < 35 weeks of gestation, the PCAM group (n = 22) had a significantly shorter extended gestational period than the non-PCAM group (n = 25;P = 0.022). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant difference in the frequency of developmental disorders in 3-year-old infants (PCAM, 28%, non-PCAM, 4%;P = 0.022). Analyzing vaginal microbiota can evaluate the risk of IAI. Future studies should establish appropriate interventions for IAI high-risk patients to improve perinatal prognosis.
Acetate rescues defective brain-adipose metabolic network in obese Wistar rats by modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ
Authors: Olaniyi Kehinde Samuel , Owolabi Morounkeji Nicole , Atuma Chukwubueze Lucky , Agunbiade Toluwani Bosede , Alabi Bolanle Yemisi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe investigated the hypothesis that acetate ameliorates brain-adipose metabolic dysfunction (BAMED) in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, possibly by modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Ten-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 6/group): Control, acetate and obese with or without acetate groups received vehicle (distilled water; po), acetate (200 mg/kg, po) and 40% HFD with or without acetate respectively. The treatments lasted for 12 weeks. Obese animals showed increase in body weight, visceral fat mass, insulin and triglyceride-glucose index and a reduction in insulin sensitivity. In addition, obese animals also showed increase in plasma/hypothalamic and adipose pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4, lactate-pyruvate ratio, malondialdehyde, γ-glutamyl transferase, and a decrease in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione, nitric oxide and PPAR-γ. HFD also elevated plasma/hypothalamic lipid and decreased adipose lipid profile, increased hypothalamic and adipose tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and histone deacetylase (HDAC), and elevated plasma/adipose leptin. These alterations were reversed by concomitant administration of acetate. The present results demonstrate that obesity is characterized by BAMED, which is accompanied by altered HDAC/PPAR-γ. The results in addition suggest that acetate, an HDAC inhibitor rescues BAMED with consequent normalization of body weight and visceral fat mass by modulation of PPAR-γ and suppression of oxidative stress.
Plasma apolipopotein C-2 elevation is associated with Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Tamura Natsuko , Maejima Yasuhiro , Shiheido-Watanabe Yuka , Nakagama Shun , Isobe Mitsuaki , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTakayasu arteritis (TAK) is an autoimmune systemic arteritis of unknown etiology. Although a number of investigators have attempted to determine biomarkers for diagnosing TAK, there exist no specific serological markers of this intractable disease. We undertook the exploration of novel serological markers which could be useful for an accurate diagnosis of TAK using an unbiased proteomics approach. The purified plasma samples from untreated patients with TAK and healthy individuals were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The differentially expressed protein spots were detected by gel comparison and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS). Next, we validated plasma concentrations of identified proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two-dimensional electrophoresis and numerical analysis revealed 19 spots and 3 spot clusters whose sum of the sample averages was ≥ 0.01, and the average concentrations were ≥ 1.5 times in the patient group compared with the control group. Among them, 10 spots and spot clusters that met the condition of the average spot concentration being 2.5 times more than that in the control group were selected. After processing these spots using MS and conducting MS/MS ion search, we identified 10 proteins: apolipoprotein C-2 (ApoC-2), actin, apolipoprotein A-1, complement C3, kininogen-1, vitronectin, α2-macroglobulin, 14–3–3 protein ζ/δ, complement C4, and inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 isoform 1 precursor. Finally, ELISA demonstrated that plasma ApoC-2 level was significantly elevated in patients with TAK compared with that in healthy individuals. Thus, ApoC-2 would be a promising candidate biomarker for TAK diagnosis.
High-sensitivity high-resolution X-ray imaging with soft-sintered metal halide perovskites
Authors: Deumel Sarah , van Breemen Albert , Gelinck Gerwin , Peeters Bart , Maas Joris , Verbeek Roy , Shanmugam Santhosh , Akkerman Hylke , Meulenkamp Eric , Huerdler Judith E. , Acharya Manognya , García-Batlle Marisé , Almora Osbel , Guerrero Antonio , Garcia-Belmonte Germà , Heiss Wolfgang , Schmidt Oliver , Tedde Sandro F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo realize the potential of artificial intelligence in medical imaging, improvements in imaging capabilities are required, as well as advances in computing power and algorithms. Hybrid inorganic–organic metal halide perovskites, such as methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3), offer strong X-ray absorption, high carrier mobilities (µ) and long carrier lifetimes (τ), and they are promising materials for use in X-ray imaging. However, their incorporation into pixelated sensing arrays remains challenging. Here we show that X-ray flat-panel detector arrays based on microcrystalline MAPbI3 can be created using a two-step manufacturing process. Our approach is based on the mechanical soft sintering of a freestanding absorber layer and the subsequent integration of this layer on a pixelated backplane. Freestanding microcrystalline MAPbI3 wafers exhibit a sensitivity of 9,300 µC Gyair–1 cm–2 with a μτ product of 4 × 10–4 cm2 V–1, and the resulting X-ray imaging detector, which has 508 pixels per inch, combines a high spatial resolution of 6 line pairs per millimetre with a low detection limit of 0.22 nGyair per frame.
Optical detection of the susceptibility tensor in two-dimensional crystals
Authors: Xu Zhemi , Ferraro Davide , Zaltron Annamaria , Galvanetto Nicola , Martucci Alessandro , Sun Luzhao , Yang Pengfei , Zhang Yanfeng , Wang Yuechen , Liu Zhongfan , Elliott Joshua D. , Marsili Margherita , Dell’Anna Luca , Umari Paolo , Merano Michele 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe out-of-plane optical constants of monolayer two-dimensional materials have proven to be experimentally elusive. Owing to their reduced dimensionality, optical measurements have limited sensitivity to these properties which are hidden by the optical response of the substrate. Therefore, there remains an absence of scientific consensus on how to correctly model these crystals. Here we perform an experiment on the optical response of a single-layer two-dimensional crystal that addresses these problems. We successfully remove the substrate contribution to its optical response by a step deposition of a monolayer crystal inside a thick polydimethylsiloxane prism. This allows for a reliable determination of both the in-plane and the out-of-plane components of its surface susceptibility tensor. Our results prescribe one clear theoretical model for these crystals. This precise characterization of their optical properties will be relevant to future progresses in photonics and optoelectronics with two-dimensional materials.
Modeling epithelial tissues as active-elastic sheets reproduce contraction pulses and predict rip resistance
Authors: Armon Shahaf , Bull Matthew S. , Moriel Avraham , Aharoni Hillel , Prakash Manu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConfluent epithelial tissues can be viewed as soft active solids, as their individual cells contract in response to local conditions. Little is known about the emergent properties of such materials. Empirical observations have shown contraction waves propagation in various epithelia, yet the governing mechanism, as well as its physiological function, is still unclear. Here we propose an experiment-inspired model for such dynamic epithelia. We show how the widespread cellular response of contraction-under-tension is sufficient to give rise to propagating contraction pulses, by mapping numerically and theoretically the consequences of such a cellular response. The model explains observed phenomena but also predicts enhanced rip-resistance as an emergent property of such cellular sheets. Unlike healing post-rupture, these sheets avoid it by actively re-distributing external stresses across their surface. The mechanism is relevant to a broad class of tissues, especially such under challenging mechanical conditions, and may inspire engineering of synthetic materials.
Development of Mandarin Chinese Vowel Perception in Young Children With Normal Hearing and Cochlear Implants
Authors: Zhang Changxin , Li Mingying , Yu Jie , Liu Chang 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Depicting the development pattern of vowel perception for children with normal hearing (NH) and cochlear implants (CIs) would be useful for clinicians and school teachers to monitor children's auditory rehabilitation. The study was to investigate the development of Mandarin Chinese vowel perception for Mandarin Chinese native–speaking children with the ages of 4–6 years.

Method
Vowel identification of children with NH and CIs were tested. All children with CIs received CIs before the age of 4 years. In a picture identification task with Mandarin Chinese speech stimuli, listeners identified the target consonant–vowel word among two to four contrastive words that differed only in vowels. Each target word represented a concrete object and was spoken by a young female native Mandarin Chinese talker. The target words included 16 monophthongs, 22 diphthongs, and nine triphthongs.

Results
Children with NH showed significantly better identification of monophthongs and diphthongs than children with CIs at the age of 6 years, whereas the two groups had comparable performance at age of 4 and 5 years. Children with NH significantly outperformed children with CIs for triphthong identification across all three age groups. For children with NH, a rapid development of perception of all three types of vowels occurred between age 4 and 5 years with a rapid development only for monophthong perception between age 5 and 6 years. For children with CIs, a rapid development of both diphthong and triphthong perception occurred between 4 and 5 years old, but not monophthong, with no significant development between 5 and 6 years old for all three types of vowels. Overall, Mandarin-speaking children with NH achieved their ceiling performance in vowel perception before or at the age of 6 years, whereas children with CIs may need more time to reach the typical level of their peers with NH.

Conclusions
The development of Mandarin vowel perception for Mandarin-native children differed between preschool-age children with NH and CIs, likely due to the deficits of spectral processing for children with CIs. The results would be a supplement to the development of speech recognition in Mandarin-native children with NH and CIs.
Deep learning for time series forecasting: The electric load case
Authors: Gasparin Alberto , Lukovic Slobodan , Alippi Cesare 
Published: September 2021

AbstractManagement and efficient operations in critical infrastructures such as smart grids take huge advantage of accurate power load forecasting, which, due to its non‐linear nature, remains a challenging task. Recently, deep learning has emerged in the machine learning field achieving impressive performance in a vast range of tasks, from image classification to machine translation. Applications of deep learning models to the electric load forecasting problem are gaining interest among researchers as well as the industry, but a comprehensive and sound comparison among different—also traditional—architectures is not yet available in the literature. This work aims at filling the gap by reviewing and experimentally evaluating four real world datasets on the most recent trends in electric load forecasting, by contrasting deep learning architectures on short‐term forecast (one‐day‐ahead prediction). Specifically, the focus is on feedforward and recurrent neural networks, sequence‐to‐sequence models and temporal convolutional neural networks along with architectural variants, which are known in the signal processing community but are novel to the load forecasting one.
DDNet: 3D densely connected convolutional networks with feature pyramids for nasopharyngeal carcinoma segmentation
Authors: Li Xiaojie , Tang Mingxuan , Guo Feng , Li Yuanxi , Cao Kunling , Song Qi , Wu Xi , Sun Shanhui , Zhou Jiliu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRadiation therapy is the standard treatment for early stage Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Thus, accurate delineation of target volumes at risk in NPC is important. While manual delineation is time‐consuming and labour‐intensive process and also leads to significant inter‐ and intra‐practitioner variability. Thus, computer‐aided segmentation algorithm is required. However, segmentation task is not trivial due to large variations (e.g., shape and size) of nasopharynx structure across subjects. Moreover, extreme foreground and background class imbalance in NPC segmentation remains challenge. In this paper, we propose a threedimensional densely connected convolutional neural network with multi‐scale feature pyramids for NPC segmentation. We adapt the densely connected convolutional block into a new structure via adding feature pyramids. The concatenated pyramid feature carries multi‐scale and hierarchical semantic information which is effective for segmenting different size of tumors and perceiving hierarchical context information. To address the foreground and background imbalance problem, we propose an enhanced version of focal loss. It prevents the large number of negative voxels far from boundaries from overwhelming the segmentation algorithm. We validated the proposed method on 120 clinical subjects. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach out‐performed state‐of‐the‐art methods and human experts.
Modelling of asymmetric nanojets in coronal loops
Authors: Pagano P. , Antolin P. , Petralia A. 
Published: September 2021

Context. Observations of reconnection jets in the solar corona are emerging as a possible diagnostic for studying highly elusive coronal heating. Such jets, and in particular those termed nanojets, can be observed in coronal loops and have been linked to nanoflares. However, while models successfully describe the bilateral post-reconnection magnetic slingshot effect that leads to the jets, observations reveal that nanojets are unidirectional or highly asymmetric, with only the jet travelling inward with respect to the coronal loop’s curvature being clearly observed.
Aims. The aim of this work is to address the role of the curvature of the coronal loop in the generation and evolution of asymmetric reconnection jets.
Methods. We first use a simplified analytical model in which we estimate the post-reconnection tension forces based on the local intersection angle between the pre-reconnection magnetic field lines and their post-reconnection retracting length towards new equilibria. Second, we use a simplified numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model to study how two opposite propagating jets evolve in curved magnetic field lines.
Results. Through our analytical model, we demonstrate that in the post-reconnection reorganised magnetic field, the inward directed magnetic tension is inherently stronger (by up to three orders of magnitude) than the outward directed one and that, with a large enough retracting length, a regime exists where the outward directed tension disappears, leading to no outward jet at large, observable scales. Our MHD numerical model provides support for these results, proving also that in the subsequent time evolution the inward jets are consistently more energetic. The degree of asymmetry is also found to increase for small-angle reconnection and for more localised reconnection regions.
Conclusions. This work shows that the curvature of the coronal loops can play a major role in the asymmetry of the reconnection jets and that inward directed jets are more likely to occur and are more energetic than the corresponding outward directed ones.
Speed of Movement, Fatness, and the Change in Cardiometabolic Risk
Factors in Children
Authors: Shang Xianwen , Li Yanping , Xu Haiquan , Zhang Qian , Liu Ailing , Ma Guansheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe aimed to examine speed of movement and its interactive association with
fatness to changes in cardiometabolic risk factors over one year in
children. The analysis included 8345 children aged 6–13 years.
Cardiometabolic risk score was computed by summing Z-scores of waist
circumference, the average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting
glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (multiplied by −1),
and triglycerides. Both high baseline and improvement in speed of movement
were associated with favourable changes in percent body fat, lipids, and
cardiometabolic risk score. Percentages of the association between baseline
speed of movement and changes in cardiometabolic risk score, triglycerides,
and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol explained by baseline BMI were
24.6% (19.6–29.1%), 26.2%
(19.7–31.1%), and 12.5% (9.6–15.4%),
respectively. The corresponding number for percent body fat was
47.0% (40.4–54.1%), 43.3%
(36.7–51.7%), and 29.8%
(25.0–34.6%), respectively. Speed of movement mediated the
association between fatness and cardiometabolic risk factors. Improved speed
of movement was associated with a lower increase in blood pressure in obese
children only. Speed of movement is a strong predictor of changes in
cardiometabolic risk factors. Fatness and speed of movement are
interactively associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Speed of
movement may attenuate the positive association between fatness and blood
pressure.
Sportkardiologie 2021 – was gibt es Neues?
Authors: Most Astrid , Bauer Pascal 
Published: September 2021

Was ist neu?
Sport bei kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren und im Alter Falls Personen mit kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren oder im Alter von ≥ 65 Jahren eine intensive sportliche Belastung planen, wird ihnen zur Risikominimierung des sportassoziierten plötzlichen Herztods eine kardiale Vorsorgeuntersuchung empfohlen. Zur individuellen Risikoeinordnung sollte beim Vorliegen von kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren der ESC-Score Verwendung finden.
Sport bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen Die erstmalig erschienenen Leitlinien der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) „Sportkardiologie und körperliche Aktivität bei Patienten mit kardiovaskulärer Erkrankung“ (2020) 1 geben umfassende Trainingsempfehlungen zur Ausübung von Freizeit- und Leistungssport für Patienten mit kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen. Dabei ist eine kardiale Eingangsuntersuchung zur individuellen Risikostratifizierung als Basis der Trainingsberatung unumgänglich. Nur in Ausnahmefällen wird von einer sportlichen Betätigung (passager) abgeraten.
Sport, COVID-19 und Herz COVID-19 kann zu kardialen Schäden führen, wobei diese selten auch bei asymptomatischen und milden Krankheitsverläufen beobachtet wurden. Vor Wiederaufnahme intensiver sportlicher Aktivitäten sollte, in Abhängigkeit von Krankheitsschwere und Symptomatik, die Sporttauglichkeit überprüft und dann individuell das weitere Vorgehen bezüglich des Trainingsaufbaus festgelegt werden.
Einfluss der Ernährung auf den Verlauf von Autoimmunerkrankungen
Authors: Römmele Petra 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit Autoimmunerkrankungen haben einen hohen Leidensdruck und suchen nach Therapieansätzen. Die Ernährung ist ein Teil des Lebensstils, mit dem man den Verlauf von Autoimmunerkrankungen beeinflussen kann. Wenngleich die Studienbasis für viele Fragen noch lückenhaft ist, so lassen sich doch einige Prinzipien für eine Ernährung bei Autoimmunerkrankungen ableiten. Der Beitrag thematisiert übergeordnete Erkenntnisse zur Ernährung sowie die spezifische Wirkung einzelner Nährstoffe am Beispiel der Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis.