bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worldwide water constraints on attainable irrigated production for major crops
Authors: Droppers Bram , Supit Iwan , van Vliet Michelle TH , Ludwig Fulco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to achieve worldwide food security, there is a focus on sustainable intensification of crop production. This requires sustainable irrigation water use for irrigated croplands, as irrigation withdrawals are already resulting in groundwater exploitation and unmet ecosystem water requirements. Our study aims to quantify attainable wheat, maize, rice and soybean production on currently irrigated cropland under sustainable water use. Attainable production accounts for increases in nutrient application, while limiting irrigation withdrawals to renewable water availability and without compromising river ecosystem water requirements. Attainable production was quantified using a newly developed two-way coupled hydrological model and crop model. This model framework could comprehensively simulate biophysical processes related to water availability and crop growth under water and nutrient limitations. Our results indicate worldwide crop nitrogen uptake should increase by 20%, to achieve production gap closure. However, worldwide irrigation withdrawals should decrease by more than a third in order to ensure sustainable water use. Under these constraints, a total (all crops) production decrease of 5% was estimated, compared to currently achievable production. Moreover, achievable irrigated crop production in the extensively irrigated croplands of northeastern China, Pakistan and northwestern India would be reduced by up to a third. On the other hand, increases in achievable irrigated crop production may be possible in regions such as southern America, eastern Europe and central Africa. However, in these regions currently only a small fraction of crops is irrigated. Our results imply that intensification on currently irrigated croplands is at odds with sustainable water management, and further locally-oriented research is needed to assess suitable water management options and solutions.
More farms, less specialized landscapes, and higher crop diversity stabilize food supplies
Authors: Egli Lukas , Mehrabi Zia , Seppelt Ralf 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Theoretical and empirical studies show increased diversity in crops, supply chains, and markets helps stabilize food systems. At the same time global commodity markets and industrial agriculture have driven homogenization of local and regional production systems, and consolidated power in fewer larger specialized farms and distributers. This is a global challenge, with no obvious global solutions. An important question therefore, is how individual countries can build their own resilience through maintaining or increasing diversity within their borders. Here we show, using farm level data from Germany, that spreading production risk by growing the same crops across different farms carries stabilizing benefits by allowing for increased spatiotemporal asynchrony within crops. We also find that increasing asynchrony between the year-to-year production of different crops has stabilizing effects on food supply. Importantly, the benefits of increasing crop diversity are lower in specialized landscapes growing the same crop on large patches. Our results illustrate clear benefits of diversified crops, producers, and agricultural landscapes to buffer supply side shocks, and for incorporation in subsidies and other regulatory measures aimed at stabilizing food systems.
Energy Ecology of Disasters of Various Genesis
Authors: Knaub R V , Ignateva A V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In recent decades, the United Nations has come up with a number of new concepts and programs for global, regional and national development. They are characterized by an attempt to consider the global development process as a whole, from all sides — economic, social and natural ones. Practice has revealed a need to integrate a huge variety of ideas about the essence, forms, ways and patterns of the global system development. They are interpreted differently by different groups and forces. However, there is a great interest in integrating the concepts of development, since the progress and well-being of future generations depend on them to a certain extent. In some cases, attention is paid to poorly defined fundamental natural and historical laws that underlie the sustainable development. Without this consideration, it will be difficult to justify the objectivity of the selected criteria. The sustainable development of territories is influenced by various risks, threats and disasters that deteriorate the sustainability and sustainable development of territories. There are no justified criteria for assessing consequences of disasters of different origins, as well as for assessing the sustainable development of territories. In this regard, the paper raises the question of the need to develop a methodology for assessing consequences of disasters of different origins and their effects on the sustainable development of territories.
Research of Water Phase Composition in Zeolites
Authors: Kravtsova O N , Tappyrova N I , Ivanov V A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of experimental studies of the content of unfrozen water in the zeolite of the Honguruu deposit of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The initial moisture content ranged from 6,0 to 22,4 %. To determine the amount of unfrozen water, the method of continuous heating of the sample was used. For the studied samples, the content of unfrozen water in the temperature range from -15 to 0 °C does not depend on the initial humidity. In the range from -25 to -15 °C, jumps in the content of unfrozen water were found.
Ecologizing of Treatment Methods of Natural Waters Containing Dissolved Organic Substances
Authors: Golovin V L , Popova T Y , Bezborodov S A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Taking into consideration the operating experience of water treatment facilities, we have made an analysis of hazardous consequences of preliminary chlorination for decoloring of natural waters, we have also examined the mechanisms of application of chlorine-containing substances to organic impurities, which are present in an untreated water. It has been determined that there is a necessity of preliminary water treatment before prechlorination as this procedure ensures the required destruction of complex organic compounds. Moreover, we have explained and justified the principles of preliminary treatment of natural waters in biologically active environment, which will allow eradicating the formation of toxic substances and pathogenic microorganisms.
Application of Geophysical Methods in Landslide Danger Assessment within the Slopes of Kremlin in Nizhny Novgorod
Authors: Romanov V V , Shubina D D , Ivanov A I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the experience of applying a complex of methods of engineering geophysics (seismic exploration and electrical prospecting) in assessing landslide hazard and the opportunities of their use for engineering protection measures on the slopes of Nizhny Novgorod. The article substantiates the urgency of the problem for the slopes of Nizhny Novgorod, provides an example of research and calculations on a slope area subject to deformation due to the activation of landslide processes. The main features of the landslide formation process study on the slopes of historical natural and technical systems are presented. The experience of using the engineering geophysics methods is summarized and the prospects for their use on the studied slopes are assessed.
An active tunable Fano switch in a plasma-filled superlattice array
Authors: FU Tao , YANG Tianbo , AN Yinbing , LI Qi , DENG Zilan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We propose a Fano switch arising from the superlattice array of a plasma-filled quartz tube, which can be tuned and reconfigured by the plasma density in the tube. The generation of the switch depends on a Fano band that is induced by the interference between the Mie resonance in an isolated cylinder and Bragg scattering in a periodic array. The underlying dispersion characteristics reveal that a localized tunable flat band corresponding to the Mie resonance plays an important role in the appearance of the Fano resonance. This active tunable switch can be potentially applied to microwave communications as a single-pole multi-throw switch and to monitor environmental variables that impact the plasma density.
Effects of Telmisartan on Myocardial Protein Profiles in Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Feng Yu , Zhou Man-li , Wang Jian-zhang , Zhang Jia-qi , Qian Shu-le , Jian Wei-xiong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
To investigate the effects of telmisartan on the protein profiles of the left ventricular myocardium in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Methods
Sixteen SHR were randomly divided into control and telmisartan treatment groups. Rats were treated with sterile water (10 ml/kg) or telmisartan (4.33 mg/kg) by gavage for 12 weeks. Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats treated with sterile water (10 ml/kg) as controls. At the end of 12 weeks of control or telmisartan treatment, rats were sacrificed, and hearts were collected for protein preparations, isotope labeling, and mass spectrometric analysis.

Results
In total, there were 23 differentially expressed proteins in the left ventricular myocardium between control and telmisartan treatment groups in SHR. Compared with the telmisartan group, the upregulated proteins in the SHR were dual-specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3-like, transgelin, and haptoglobin subtype 2. The downregulated proteins in the SHR were as follows: von Willebrand factor (fragment), kininogen 1, small ribonucleoprotein-related protein, fibrinogen beta chain, protein mass 3 (fragment), proteasome 26s, heat shock protein 27-related protein 1, tenascin X, fibronectin subtype 2, transferrin receptor protein, platelets 1, cathepsin L1, complement factor B, isoform CRA_b, fibrinogen isomer, immunoglobulin heavy chain (γ polypeptide), and α 1 antiprotease.

Conclusions
Telmisartan differentially regulates myocardial protein expression in hypertensive rats including heat shock protein 27, fibrinogen, fibronectin, proteasome 26s and transgelin, as well as proteins in biochemical, metabolic, and signal transduction pathways. These changes in protein expression may contribute to the antihypertrophic effects of telmisartan in hypertension.
Implementation and evaluation of an IV room technology-assisted workflow system integrated within the electronic medical record at oncology infusion center pharmacies
Authors: Flanagin Connor M , Little Jeff , Brookins Leslie , Wills Meredith 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the implementation of an IV room technology-assisted workflow (TAWF) system integrated within a health system’s electronic medical record (EMR) and compare the TAWF system’s impact in improving workflow at multiple ambulatory infusion pharmacies.

Summary
IV room TAWFs help to standardize intravenous admixture operations while incorporating patient safety measures such as ingredient barcode scanning and image capture. The 4 oncology infusion center pharmacies of a large health system implemented a TAWF system integrated within the health system’s EMR software, transitioning to the new TAWF system from an external TAWF system operating outside of the EMR. Considerable planning was required to determine the hardware and workflow processes needed for the new integrated TAWF system to function within pharmacy IV rooms. Several operational challenges were encountered during the initial implementation phase of the project. Frequent occurrence of system malfunctions during the product imaging step was the largest problem, which was overcome by special hardware and a software upgrade. The project also involved an evaluation of the integrated TAWF system after implementation to ensure the pharmacies maintained operational efficiency and patient safety. The evaluation showed that after an initial transition period, the new technology was able to maintain IV admixture efficiency and safety.

Conclusion
This project and subsequent evaluation showed the operational feasibility, efficiency, and safety of a TAWF integrated within the health system’s EMR software.
A single-center cost analysis assessing a change in vasopressin formulation
Authors: Kelly Courtney E , Miller Christopher , Darko William , Cwikla Greg , Mogle Bryan , Featherly Julianna , Marcinak Rebecca , Probst Luke A , Seabury Robert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Cost savings achieved at an academic medical center by reformulating the institution’s standard vasopressin infusions to reduce waste are described.

Summary
After a retrospective review of vasopressin utilization over a 4-month period revealed that only approximately 40% of dispensed vasopressin units were actually administered to patients, pharmacy leaders determined that the institution’s standard vasopressin concentration for continuous infusions (100 units in 100 mL of sodium chloride 0.9% injection) was resulting in substantial waste, as many infusion preparations were not needed within the 18- to 24-hour expiration window. A concentration of 20 units/100 mL was adopted as the new standard formulation for vasopressin continuous infusions, with use of alternative concentrations allowed on a restricted basis. A pre-post study to assess the impact of the formulation change indicated a 38.7% decrease in vasopressin utilization (from 21,900 to 8,480 units) relative to utilization in a retrospective sample of patients who received vasopressin infusions prior to the formulation change. This reduced utilization equated to a cost decrease of $55,656.20 (as calculated on the basis of 2017 cost estimates) or $77,214.23 (as calculated on the basis of 2019 cost estimates) for the time period collected. It was estimated that the new formulations could yield annual cost savings ranging from $222,625 to $308,857.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first description of cost savings following a change in formulation of vasopressin for continuous infusions. Other institutions could consider employing a similar approach in addition to the previously reported cost-saving interventions, such as lower vasopressin starting doses and vasopressin restriction policies.
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage associated with ustekinumab treatment
Authors: Gunasekaran Kulothungan , Shukla Anant , Palanisamy Nageshwari , Singh Rahi Mandeep , Wolff Armand 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose
A case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) occurring as a reaction to ustekinumab therapy is reported.

Summary
After starting ustekinumab for treatment of psoriatric arthritis, a 46-year-old female presented with flu-like symptoms and cough with blood-tinged sputum that had begun 1 week previously. Her initial computed tomography scan of the chest demonstrated bilateral ground-glass opacities. On bronchoscopy, the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) return became bloodier from sample 1 to samples 2 and 3. Her BAL fluid was more than 90% hemosiderin-laden macrophages, a finding consistent with DAH. We ruled out infectious etiologies and other common vasculitis conditions that can cause DAH. A diagnosis of ustekinumab-induced DAH was made due to a temporal relationship between initiation of the drug and the patient’s presentation and the absence of infection and other alternate diagnosis. Prior case reports including ustekinumab-induced pneumonitis, interstitial lung disease with a granulomatous component, and lupus syndrome have been reported, with this being the first case of DAH in a patient undergoing treatment of psoriatic arthritis.

Conclusion
A 46-year-old woman developed DAH during ustekinumab treatment. Symptoms abated after drug discontinuation and supportive treament. Clinicians must remain mindful of this rare complication of ustekinumab use in order to avoid potential delays in appropriate DAH treatment.
Impact of a pharmacist-led, mHealth-based intervention on tacrolimus trough variability in kidney transplant recipients: A report from the TRANSAFE Rx randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fleming James N , Gebregziabher Mulugeta , Posadas Aurora , Su Zemin , McGillicuddy John W , Taber David J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Nonadherence is a leading cause of death-censored allograft loss in kidney transplant recipients. Strong associations have tied tacrolimus intrapatient variability (IPV) to degree of nonadherence and high tacrolimus IPV to clinical endpoints such as rejection and allograft loss. Nonadherence is a dynamic, complex problem best targeted by multidimensional interventions, including mobile health (mHealth) technologies.

Methods
This was a secondary planned analysis of a 12-month, parallel, 2-arm, semiblind, 1:1 randomized controlled trial involving 136 adult kidney transplant recipients. The primary aims of the TRANSAFE Rx study were to assess the efficacy of a pharmacist-led, mHealth-based intervention in improving medication safety and health outcomes for kidney transplant recipients as compared to usual care.

Results
Patients were randomized equally to 68 patients per arm. The intervention arm demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in tacrolimus IPV over time as compared to the control arm (P = 0.0133). When analyzing a clinical goal of tacrolimus IPV of less than 30%, the 2 groups were comparable at baseline (P = 0.765), but significantly more patients in the intervention group met this criterion at month 12 (P = 0.033). In multivariable modeling, variables that independently impacted tacrolimus IPV included time, treatment effect, age, and warm ischemic time.

Conclusion
This secondary planned analysis of an mHealth-based, pharmacist-led intervention demonstrated an association between the active intervention in the trial and improved tacrolimus IPV. Further prospective studies are required to confirm the mutability of tacrolimus IPV and impact of reducing tacrolimus IPV on long-term clinical outcomes.
Familial Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification: A Father-Son Dyad Demonstrate Heterogeneity of Presentation and Disease Progression
Authors: Zahniser Evan , Bird Thomas D , Chen Dong-Hui , Hu Shu-Ching , Raskind Wendy H , Trittschuh Emily H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
Familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (FIBGC) is a rare, heritable disease characterized by calcium deposition in the basal ganglia and other brain regions. Clinical presentations are diverse, featuring an array of neurologic, psychiatric, and/or cognitive symptoms. This dyad report presents neurogenetic, neuroimaging, neurological, and serial neuropsychological data from a father (S1) and son (S2) with FIBGC.

Method/Results
The SLC20A2 genetic mutation c.1828-1831delTCCC was identified for each patient, both of whom evidenced similar patterns of brain calcification mainly in the basal ganglia and cerebellum on neuroimaging. S1’s onset was in his late 60s with primary motor abnormalities followed by cognitive decline; S2’s younger onset (late 30s) was characterized by predominant psychiatric symptoms and mild cognitive changes. Our unique, detailed longitudinal study revealed that both subjects demonstrated largely stable performance across most neuropsychological domains assessed.

Conclusions
The subjects’ differences in presentation demonstrate the variable expressivity in FIBGC even with the same pathogenic variant within a single family. Distinct phenotypes may be associated with age of onset even in persons with the same mutation, consistent with past research. Disease progression may feature an initial period of notable change from baseline followed by relative stability, as seen both on imaging and neuropsychological evaluation.
TGFB3 downregulation causing chordomagenesis and its tumor suppression role maintained by Smad7
Authors: Wang Liang , Guan Xiaonan , Hu Qingtao , Wu Zhen , Chen Wei , Song Lairong , Wang Ke , Tian Kaibing , Cao Chunwei , Zhang Dake , Ma Junpeng , Tong Xiangjun , Zhang Bo , Zhang Junting , Zeng Changqing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chordoma is a rare bone tumor arising from notochordal remnants, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. By integrated mRNA and microRNA analyses, we found significant downregulation of TGFB3 along with upregulation of its inhibitor, miR-29 family in chordoma comparing with notochord. Somatic copy number gains of miR-29 loci in chordoma highlighted a mechanism of inactivation of TGFB3 signaling in tumor formation. In zebrafish, knockout and knockdown homologous tgfb3 resulted in a chordoma-like neoplasm. On the other hand, Smad7 negative feedback regulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is retentive in chordoma cell UM-Chor1 despite its disruption in most cancer cells (e.g. A549). Therefore, contrary to other cancers, exogenous TGF-β activated Smad7 by downregulating miR-182 and inhibited cell migration and invasion in UM-Chor1. Meanwhile, TGF-β decreased chordoma characteristic protein Brachyury. Altogether, downregulation of TGFB3 causes chordomagenesis, showing a feasible target for therapies. The retention of Smad7 negative regulation may maintain the suppressor role of TGF-β in chordoma.
Reactivation of Resolved Hepatitis B After Daratumumab for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Lee Soon Kyu , Sung Pil Soo , Park Sung-Soo , Min Chang-Ki , Nam Heechul , Jang Jeong Won , Choi Jong Young , Yoon Seung Kew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The risk of reactivation of resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative multiple myeloma patients after daratumumab has not been reported. Among 93 patients with daratumumab treatment, reactivation occurred in 6 patients (6.5%) with one hepatic failure. This is the first report demonstrating a considerable risk of reactivation of resolved HBV after daratumumab.
Factor-augmented forecasting regressions with threshold effects
Authors: Yan Yayi , Cheng Tingting 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThis paper introduces a factor-augmented forecasting regression model in the presence of threshold effects. We consider least squares estimation of the regression parameters and establish asymptotic theories for estimators of both slope coefficients and the threshold parameter. Prediction intervals are also constructed for factor-augmented forecasts. Moreover, we develop a likelihood ratio statistic for tests on the threshold parameter and a sup-Wald test statistic for tests on the presence of threshold effects, respectively. Simulation results show that the proposed estimation method and testing procedures work very well in finite samples. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed model through an application to forecasting stock market returns.
Britain’s Empire Marketing Board and the failure of soft trade policy, 1926–33
Authors: Higgins David M , Varian Brian D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Before 1932, Britain’s essentially free-trade policy left barely any scope for reciprocating the preferential tariffs that the Dominions applied to Britain’s exports. Thus, Britain attempted to reciprocate by means of a “soft” trade policy aimed at increasing Britain’s imports from the empire through wide-reaching publicity coordinated by the Empire Marketing Board (EMB). This article, the first econometric assessment of the EMB, argues that there was not a differential increase in the volume of those imports advertised by the EMB. Principal arguments for this failure are that British consumers were frequently unaware of the geographic origin of many commodities and that they tended to identify company brand more than country of origin.