bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Digital X‐ray Scanners with Synchronous Mapping of Tactile Pressure Distributions using Perovskites
Authors: Jang Jiuk , Ji Sangyoon , Grandhi G. Krishnamurthy , Cho Han Bin , Im Won Bin , Park Jang‐Ung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVisual and tactile information are the key intuitive perceptions in sensory systems, and the synchronized detection of these two sensory modalities can enhance accuracy of object recognition by providing complementary information between them. Herein, multimodal integration of flexible, high‐resolution X‐ray detectors with a synchronous mapping of tactile pressure distributions for visualizing internal structures and morphologies of an object simultaneously is reported. As a visual‐inspection method, perovskite materials that convert X‐rays into charge carriers directly are synthesized. By incorporating pressure‐sensitive air‐dielectric transistors in the perovskite components, X‐ray detectors with dual modalities (i.e., vision and touch) are attained as an active‐matrix platform for digital visuotactile examinations. Also, in vivo X‐ray imaging and pressure sensing are demonstrated using a live rat. This multiplexed platform has high spatial resolution and good flexibility, thereby providing highly accurate inspection and diagnoses even for the distorted images of nonplanar objects.
A Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Responsive Nanocomposite for Hydrogen Sulfide Gas and Trimodal‐Enhanced Enzyme Dynamic Therapy
Authors: Liu Bin , Liang Shuang , Wang Zhao , Sun Qianqian , He Fei , Gai Shili , Yang Piaoping , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently, enzyme dynamic therapy (EDT) has drawn much attention as a new type of dynamic therapy. However, the selection of suitable nanocarriers to deliver chloroperoxidase (CPO) and enhancement of the level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are critical factors for improving the efficiency of EDT. In this study, a rapidly decomposing nanocomposite is designed using tetra‐sulfide‐bond‐incorporating dendritic mesoporous organosilica (DMOS) as a nanocarrier, followed by loading CPO and sodium‐hyaluronate‐modified calcium peroxide nanoparticles (CaO2‐HA NPs). The nanocomposite can effectively generate singlet oxygen (1O2) for tumor therapy without any exogenous stimulus via trimodal‐enhanced EDT, including DMOS‐induced depletion of glutathione (GSH), H2O2compensation from CaO2‐HA NPs in mildly acidic TME, and oxidative stress caused by overloading of Ca2+. As tetra‐sulfide bonds are sensitive to GSH, DMOS can generate hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas as a new kind of H2S gas nanoreactor. Additionally, the overloading of Ca2+can cause tumor calcification to accelerate in vivo tumor necrosis and promote computed tomography imaging efficacy. Therefore, a novel H2S gas, EDT, and Ca2+‐interference combined therapy strategy is developed.
Organic Non‐Wettable Superhydrophobic Fullerite Films
Authors: Saran Rinku , Fox David , Zhai Lei , Chanda Debashis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA long‐standing quest in material science has been the development of non‐wettable superhydrophobic films based on a single organic material, without the requirement of fluorination or silane treatment. Here, such films and coatings, which are developed using colloidal gels of fullerite C60 and C70 nanocrystals, are described. It is illustrated that despite the high surface energy of these van der Waals molecular crystals their gelation can create films having self‐affine fractal surfaces with multiscale roughness. Water droplets on resulting surfaces of fullerite films bead like a pearl resting in a Fakir state with contact angle exceeding 150°. The films are extremely water repellent and non‐wettable; when submerged in water they stay dry up to 3 h even at a water depth of two feet and exhibit the plastron effect. A series of experiments are presented to provide comprehensive inspection of water droplet dynamics on these films. These include rolling, bouncing, squeezing, freezing, melting, evaporating; along with acidic and alkaline tests. Non‐wettable films of such materials are unique as fullerites get photosensitized instantaneously generating extremely high yields (≈100%) of singlet oxygen (1O2) that can destroy viruses and bacteria; thereby enabling their use in rheology, water purification, and medicinal devices.
Enantioselective Aza‐Friedel‐Crafts Reaction of Heteroarenes with in situ Generated Isoxazolium Ions via Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysis
Authors: Cheng You‐Song , Chan Shih‐Hsien , Rao Gunda Ananda , Gurubrahamam Ramani , Chen Kwunmin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn asymmetric organocatalytic aza‐Friedel‐Crafts reaction was developed to give the enantioenriched Δ4‐isoxazoline scaffold bearing a quaternary‐substituted stereogenic centre in good‐to‐excellent yields and enantioselectivity (50–99%, 55–>99% ee). This protocol involves the in situ generated isoxazolium ions in the presence of a chiral phosphoric acid followed by the heteroarene addition through asymmetric counteranion‐directed catalysis.magnified image
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)‐Spiroxins A, C, and D
Authors: Shu Xin , Chen Chong‐Chong , Yu Tao , Yang Jiayi , Hu Xiangdong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpiroxins A, C, and D are metabolites that have been identified in the marine fungal strain LL‐37H248. Their unique polycyclic structures and intriguing biological activities make them attractive targets for the synthetic community. Based on a scalable enantioselective epoxidation of 5‐substituted naphthoquinone, an oxidation/spiroketalization cascade, ortho‐selective chlorination of the phenol unit, and oxime‐ester‐directed acetoxylation, an enantioselective total synthesis of (−)‐spiroxins A and C and the first total synthesis of (−)‐spiroxin D have been achieved.
Novel dioxidomolybdenum complexes containing ONO chelators: Synthesis, physicochemical properties, crystal structures, Hirshfeld surface analysis, DNA binding/cleavage studies, docking, and in vitro cytotoxicity
Authors: M. C. Vineetha , Joy Francis , Krishna P. Murali , T. P. Vinod , Venkataraman Sriram Krishnan , Agarwal Anil K. , Nair Yamuna , Kurup M. R. Prathapachandra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA series of dioxidomolybdenum (VI) complexes, [MoO2(ESB)H2O]·DMF (1), [MoO2(ESB)MeOH] (2), and [MoO2(ESB)H2O]·EtOH (3), containing 3‐ethoxysalicylaldehyde benzoylhydrazone have been synthesized and analysed using various spectral and analytical techniques such as elemental analyses, IR spectra, UV–Vis absorption spectra, X‐ray crystallography, and Hirshfeld surface analysis. Based on the elemental and spectral analysis, six‐coordinate geometry was assigned for these complexes wherein the hydrazone ligand binds to the metal centre in its dianionic enolate form through ONO donor set. Distorted octahedral geometry of complexes 1 and 2 was evidenced from their crystal structures, which is typical for many cis‐dioxido complexes of MoVI. The proligand and the new complexes were examined for their DNA binding, DNA cleavage, and cytotoxic properties. The DNA binding efficiency of the compounds in terms of their binding constants (Kb) of the metal complexes was observed to be 1.3727 × 105 M−1, 3.0194 × 104 M−1, and 1.13206 × 104 M−1 for [MoO2(ESB)H2O]·DMF (1), [MoO2(ESB)MeOH] (2), and [MoO2(ESB)H2O]·EtOH (3), respectively, indicating that these complexes strongly bind to DNA. To determine the binding interactions of the complexes with DNA and protein (BSA), molecular docking studies were carried out. Gel electrophoresis study reveals the fact that the complexes cleaved supercoiled pUC‐18 DNA to nicked form (Form II) in the presence and absence of H2O2. The complexes showed significantly high cytotoxicity against MCF‐7 (breast cancer cells).
Organoruthenium (II) complexes featuring pyrazole‐linked thiosemicarbazone ligands: Synthesis, DNA/BSA interactions, molecular docking, and cytotoxicity studies
Authors: Khanvilkar Priyanka , Dash Soumya R. , Banerjee Devjani , Vohra Aliasgar , Devkar Ranjitsinh , Chakraborty Debjani 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA series of pyrazol‐derived thiosemicarbazone ligands (L1–L4) were synthesized and reacted with [Ru(p‐cymene)(μ‐Cl)Cl]2 to yield a series of “piano‐stool”‐type binuclear ruthenium (II)–arene‐thiosemicarbazone complexes (C1–C8) of the general type [(Ru(η6‐p‐cym)L)2(μ‐im/azpy)] Cl1–2 (L = diphenylpyrazole thiosemicarbazone; cym = p‐cymene; im = imidazole; azpy = 4,4′‐azopyridine). The thiosemicarbazone ligands act as N and S donors binding to the Ru(II) center via the imine nitrogen and the thione sulfur atoms. The complexes were characterized by NMR, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and ESI+ mass spectrometry. The binding of the complexes to calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (CT‐DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was evaluated, and it has been established that the binuclear complexes have good binding efficacies with DNA (Kb = 104–105 M−1) and BSA (Ka = 105–106 M−1). This is attributed to the arene moieties present in the ligands of the complexes that can have hydrophobic interactions with DNA/BSA. Ethidium bromide (EB) displacement studies and DNA viscosity measurements revealed intercalative interaction of the complexes with DNA. Static interaction of the complexes with BSA was revealed by fluorescence quenching studies. Molecular docking studies confirmed base stacking, H‐bonding, and hydrophobic interactions with the biomolecules. In vitro antiproliferative studies of the complexes affirmed that the complexes are cytotoxic towards the HeLa (human cervical cancer) cell line with IC50 values in range of 17.3–41.3 μM.
Preparation of polypropylene with high melt strength by wet reaction blending of lignin
Authors: Tian Bo , Li Jinfeng , Li Zhigang , Dong Wei , Zhang Nan , Zhao Hongtao , Liu Yuguang , Di Mingwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the melt strength of polypropylene is shown to be significantly improved by lignin‐cooperative construction of heterophase network structure and the evolution mechanism of lignin on the topology of polypropylene is investigated. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis shows that the free radicals generated by polypropylene irradiation can remain active for 2 weeks; rheological studies show that lignin promotes the formation of heterogeneous network structures in polypropylene, and its melt is characterized by long‐chain branching. Phase angle‐complex modulus, complex viscosity‐complex modulus, Han's, and Cole–Cole curves are used to analyze the liquid–solid transformation, and the results indicate that the enhanced interfacial action is due to the formation of the heterogeneous network structures. The mechanical properties show that the impact strength is increased by 1.8 times due to the synergistic effect of lignin and acrylamide. SEM shows the formation of a fibrous network structure around the lignin, which undergoes interfacial yielding, improving the interfacial interaction between the components.
Applying automated object detection in archaeological practice: A case study from the southern Netherlands
Authors: Verschoof‐van der Vaart Wouter B. , Lambers Karsten 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWithin archaeological prospection, Deep Learning algorithms are developed to detect objects within large remotely sensed datasets. These approaches are generally tested in an (ideal) experimental setting but have not been applied in different contexts or ‘in the wild’, that is, incorporated in archaeological prospection. This research explores the applicability, knowledge discovery—on both a quantitative and qualitative level—and efficiency gain resulting from employing an automated detection tool called WODAN within (Dutch) archaeological practice. WODAN has been used to detect barrows and Celtic fields in LiDAR data from the Dutch Midden‐Limburg area, which differs in archaeology, geo‐(morpho)logy and land‐use from the Veluwe in which it was developed. The results show that WODAN was able to detect potential barrows and Celtic fields, including previously unknown examples, and provided information about the structuring of the landscape in the past. Based on the results, combined human‐computer strategies are argued, in which automated detection has a complementary, rather than a substitute role, to manual analysis. This can offset the inherent biases in manual analysis and deal with the problem that current automated detection methods only detect objects similar to the pre‐defined target class(es). The incorporation of automated detection into archaeological prospection, in which the results of automated detection are used to highlight areas of interest and to enhance and add detail to existing archaeological predictive maps, seems logical and feasible.
Using Q‐methodology to determine students' perceptions of interprofessional anatomy education
Authors: Mackinnon Chelsea , Akhtar‐Danesh Noori , Palombella Andrew , Wainman Bruce 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInterprofessional education (IPE) prepares healthcare students for collaboration in their future careers. The purpose of this study was to determine which aspects of the IPE Program in Anatomy at McMaster University contributed to the development of healthcare student's interprofessional skills. Q‐methodology was used to identify the students' common viewpoints of the IPE experience. A total of 26/28 (93%) of students in the course from the medical, nursing, midwifery, physician assistant, occupational therapy, and physiotherapy programs participated in this study. Students were asked to sort a Q‐sample of 43 statements about the IPE dissection course derived from previous qualitative studies of the program. Using the centroid factor extraction and varimax rotation, three salient factors (groups) emerged, namely: (1) Anatomy IPE Enthusiasts, (2) Practical IPE Advocates, and (3) Skeptical IPE Anatomists. The Anatomy IPE Enthusiasts believed that students from different disciplines brought unique anatomical knowledge and each group member guided others through difficult material. The Practical IPE Advocates expressed that they would be stronger advocates for interprofessional teams in the future because of the course. The Skeptical IPE Anatomists strongly disagreed that learning with students from different disciplines helped them gain an understanding of their roles in the context of other healthcare professionals and felt that there was little benefit from the IPE program compared to other non‐interprofessional programs. These findings about student attitudes are critical to drive an evidence‐based evolution of the IPE dissection course, since students' perceptions can have a profound influence on interprofessional collaboration in the workplace.
An initial preparation for human cadaveric dissection ameliorates the associated mental distress in students
Authors: Chaudhuri Joydeep Dutta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is universally recognized that cadaveric dissection is an essential part of anatomy training. However, it has been reported to induce mental distress in some students and impair their intrinsic motivation (IM) to study. One of the postulated reasons for this behavior is the lack of adequate information and preparation of students for cadaveric dissection. Therefore, it is hypothesized that providing relevant information prior to cadaveric dissection will ameliorate the mental distress, enhance the IM of students, and improve their academic performance. A cohort of occupational therapy students enrolled in an anatomy course were psychologically prepared for cadaveric dissection. Students were provided with a curated list of YouTube videos and peer‐reviewed journal articles related to cadaveric dissection prior to the commencement of the anatomy course. All students were also required to attend an oral presentation immediately before commencing dissection. The control group included students who had not been provided with any resources in preparation for cadaveric dissection. Compared to the control group, students who had been prepared demonstrated better quality of cadaveric dissection, improved academic performance, reported less mental distress and greater IM. Moreover, students reported the oral presentation to be most relevant and journal articles to be least useful in their preparation. Therefore, this is an effective approach in the amelioration of mental distress and improvement of performance in anatomy students. Consequently, this study represents a paradigm shift in the pedagogy of anatomy, and could represent a vital element in the evolution of a revitalized anatomy curriculum.
Neural network‐assisted robotic vision system for industrial applications
Authors: Krishnan Megha G. , Ashok Sankar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the performance of neural networks in positioning an industrial robot manipulator based on image feedback. Visual servoing regulates the pose of the robot manipulator in accordance with the target image data. As the servoing proceeds, the end‐effector positions to its final pose as the image feature error exponentially decreases to zero. In this paper, the trained network moves the robot manipulator from an arbitrary initial pose to an intermediate posture based on the reference image features given. Then, fine‐tuning based on the traditional visual servoing method is performed to achieve an accurate pick‐and‐place task with minimum iterations. The experimental results prove the capability of the neural network architectures to predict the desired pose using local image descriptor, corner points. This paper investigates the performance of two neural network designs applied to visual positioning and compares them with the traditional image‐based visual servoing (IBVS) method in terms of execution time.
A review on algebraic extensions in general relativity
Authors: Hess Peter O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA brief review on algebraic extensions of general relativity is presented. After a short summary of first attempts by Max Born and Albert Einstein, all possible algebraic extensions will be discussed, with the pseudo‐complex (pc) extension left as the only viable one, because it does not contain ghost solutions. Also some metric extensions are presented, such as the non‐symmetric gravitation theory and the Finsler metric. Some predictions of the pc extension are discussed, such as the structure of light emission of an accretion disk around a black hole, the redshift at the surface of a compact star as a function in the azimuthal angle, and whether there is an upper limit for the mass of a neutron star.
Legionella pneumophila recovery using Legiolert and a traditional culture method
Authors: McCuin Randi M. , Bartrand Timothy A. , Clancy Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMethods for recovery and identification of Legionella spp. in water have not been improved significantly since the traditional culture method using buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar was developed in 1979. Variations to the BCYE method include sample concentration techniques, acid and heat treatment of samples, and inclusions of antibiotics and dyes in the medium to improve Legionella recovery. A new culture method—Legiolert—was developed and is targeted specifically for recovery and enumeration of Legionella pneumophila, the pathogen responsible for >97% of Legionella pneumonia cases. This study assessed the performance of the Legiolert and BCYE methods in water samples. A total of 247 potable water samples were collected and analyzed using both methods. Mean recoveries in reagent water were similar for both methods (~70%), while Legiolert was more likely than BCYE to detect L. pneumophila when it is present in low numbers.Article Impact StatementThe Legiolert method for enumeration of Legionella pneumophila in water is a significant improvement over the buffered charcoal yeast extract method and should be adopted.
The impact of expanding health insurance coverage for anti‐cancer drugs on cancer survival in Korea
Authors: Cho Do‐Yeon , Park Juhee , Kim Dong‐Sook 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo reduce out‐of‐pocket costs, the Korean government expanded health insurance reimbursement in anti‐cancer drugs for cancer patients in 2013. Our objective was to examine the impact of the benefit coverage expansion policy on healthcare utilization and overall survival (OS) among patients with six types of solid cancer after the policy of expanding health insurance coverage.MethodsThis study analyzed a before‐and‐after retrospective cohort of patients newly diagnosed with six types of solid cancer (stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer) from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2015 in Korea. The intervention was the expansion of reimbursement in 2013. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the policy effect.ResultsIn total, 142,579 before and 147,760 patients after the benefit expansion, and after matched by age, gender, and stage, 132,440 before and 132,440 patients after policy were included in the analysis. Almost total medical expenditure increased for five types of cancer increased. The expansion of health insurance reimbursement was associated with significantly lower overall mortality compared with pre‐policy mortality for all six cancer sites.ConclusionThe policy of expanding health insurance reimbursement might have been associated with a significant increase in survival among cancer patients by ensuring access to health care and medicine. Although the reimbursement expansion timing differs for each cancer, it is believed that eliminating delayed treatment might rather lead to reduce medical expenses and improve health outcomes.
Diagnostic value of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase to alkaline phosphatase ratio combined with gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase to aspartate aminotransferase ratio and alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase ratio in alpha‐fetoprotein‐negative hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Jiang , Tao Haisu , Zhang Erlei , Huang Zhiyong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase to alkaline phosphatase ratio (GAPR) combined with gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase to aspartate aminotransferase ratio (GAR) and alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase ratio (AAR) in alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP)‐negative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsA total of 925 AFP‐negative patients, including 235 HCC patients, 213 chronic hepatitis (CH) patients, and 218 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, as well as 259 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The differences of laboratory parameters and clinical characteristics were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U or Kruskal–Wallis H‐test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic value of GAPR, GAR, and AAR in AFP‐negative HCC (AFP‐NHCC) patients.ResultsGAPR, GAR, and AAR were important parameters closely related to AFP‐NHCC. The combination of GAPR, GAR, and AAR was most effective in differentiating AFP‐NHCC group from control group (AUC = 0.875), AFP‐negative CH group (AUC = 0.733), and AFP‐negative LC group (AUC = 0.713). GAPR combined with GAR and AAR exhibited a larger AUC than single ratio or pairwise combination for distinguishing AFP‐NHCC group with TNMⅠstage, BCLC stage A, and tumor size less than 3 cm. The diagnostic value of GAPR combined with GAR and AAR was higher in AFP‐NHCC and was also reflected in the TNM stage, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage and tumor size.ConclusionsGAPR combined with GAR and AAR were effective diagnostic markers of AFP‐NHCC, especially in patients with good liver function, early stage or small size.