bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can “Concerted” Macroprudential Policies Mitigate Cross‐border Contagion of Financial Risks? Evidence from China and Its Financially Connected Economies
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Chen Xiaoli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe construct a connected network between China and the economies that are financially linked to it, based on the network topology of variance decompositions, and measure the cross‐border contagion of financial risks among these economies. We then examine whether the concerted use of macroprudential policies mitigates the cross‐border contagion of financial risks. The empirical results show that the tightening of macroprudential policies, especially counter‐cyclical capital buffers and limits on credit growth, in economies with net spillover risk (e.g. the US and China), can reduce the cross‐border spillover of domestic financial risks to other economies. The concerted use of macroprudential policies can contribute to global financial stability. However, the tightening of “capital” macroprudential policy tools will increase domestic cross‐border absorption of financial risks. Hence, macroprudential regulation of cross‐border capital flows must be strengthened.
Development of a TaqMan qPCR assay for the detection and quantification of Gnomoniopsis castaneae in chestnut tissues
Authors: Turco Silvia , Bastianelli Giorgia , Morales‐Rodrìguez Carmen , Vannini Andrea , Mazzaglia Angelo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA novel real‐time PCR assay based on the TaqMan probe was developed for the detection of Gnomoniopsis castaneae, causal agent of brown rot of chestnut kernels, and responsible for leaf necrosis, shoot blight and bark canker. A part of the pathogen life cycle is endophytic, colonizing all tissues of chestnut and additional hosts, which is suspected to play a key role in its epidemiology. Thus, a molecular tool for sensitive detection and quantification of G. castaneae in symptomatic and asymptomatic host tissues is urgently required to better understand G. castaneae ecology, biology and epidemiology. Primers and a species‐specific probe for G. castaneae were designed based on the sequence of the single‐copy elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1α) gene. The amplification efficiency of target DNA was 105.3% and the limit of detection of the assay was calculated at approximately 40 fg of pure fungal DNA. The pathogen was consistently detected in artificial mixtures of plant and pathogen DNAs with the same Limit of Detection (LOD) as pure fungal DNA. In naturally infected samples, the assay rapidly revealed the presence of the pathogen in all symptomatic specimens, as well as in asymptomatic tissues. Notably, a significant relationship between the results of a metagenomic HTS analysis and the qPCR assay on DNAs extracted from bulk fruit was found. This molecular tool will be of substantial aid in detecting and quantifying G. castaneae, even in the endophytic state, and in different host tissues.
The influence of the resin‐based cement layer on ceramic‐dentin bond strength
Authors: Aker Sagen Mina , Dahl Jon Einar , Matinlinna Jukka Pekka , Tibballs John E. , Rønold Hans Jacob 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to measure the cement thickness obtained when ceramic rods were luted to dentin and to analyze the relation between cement thickness and the previously published tensile bond strength of similar test specimens. In addition, the ISO standard 4049:2019 method was used to determine the film thickness of the used cements. Zirconia (n = 100) and lithium disilicate (n = 50) rods were cemented to bovine dentin using one of five different resin‐based cements. The ceramic‐dentin test specimens were cut into two slices and the cement thickness was measured using a scanning electron microscope and compared to the bond strength values of similar specimens already published. The mean cement thickness recorded for ceramic rods cemented to dentin was in the range 20–40 μm, which was larger than the cement film thickness found by the ISO method. The cement film thickness determined according to ISO standard methods did not concur with the results obtained when cementing ceramic rods to dentin. For cementing ceramic restorations, a cement thickness in the range 25–35 μm seems to be favorable for the bond strength.
Deep digital flexor tendon lesions in the pastern are associated with the presence of distal tendinopathy
Authors: Acutt Elizabeth V. , Contino Erin K. , Frisbie David D. , Barrett Myra F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCorrect diagnosis and characterisation of deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) lesions in equine athletes allows targeted treatment and improved prognostication.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence and character of pathological change within the DDFT in the pastern with concurrent tendon injury distally. It is hypothesised that tendon lesions in the pastern will be associated with tendinopathy within the hoof capsule.Study designRetrospective descriptive case series.MethodsCases with DDFT lesions in the pastern and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasonography of the foot were evaluated retrospectively. Lesion location and type were recorded. Odds ratios were calculated to determine the associations between more distal tendinopathy and the presence of different DDFT lesion types in the pastern.ResultsThirty‐four MRI scans of 33 horses and 64 ultrasonographic exams of 58 horses were analysed. Lesion location and type were recorded. Distal DDFT lesions were found in 75% (95% CI: 66.0‐84.0) of total cases of pastern DDF tendinopathy and in 97% (95% CI: 91.6‐100.0) of cases with core lesions of the DDFT in the pastern. A core lesion in the pastern was significantly more likely (OR = 20.7, 95% CI: 2.2‐191.0; P = .008) to be associated with injury in the foot than other types of pastern lesion.Main limitationsMRIs of the foot were not obtained on all included limbs which did not allow for fully inclusive evaluation of DDFT lesions distal to the navicular bone.ConclusionsDDFT pathological change in the pastern, particularly core lesions, is associated with additional tendinopathy within the hoof capsule. When a DDFT lesion is found in the pastern, further imaging of the tendon within the foot is indicated to direct appropriate treatment and improve prognostication.
Location matters: Overlooked ethnic‐geographic effect in China and Austria on propofol/cisatracurium sex differences among a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PopPK/PD) covariate analysis in men, women, and one transgender subject
Authors: Dahaba Ashraf A. , Xiao Zhaoyang , Zhu Xiaoling , Oettl Karl , Dong Hailong , Xiong Lize , Zelzer Sieglinde , Zhao Shuiyu , Reibnegger Gilbert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA quick literature search using “sex/gender” vs. the commonly used hypnotic propofol or neuromuscular‐blocking agent cisatracurium will reveal numerous contradictory sex difference publications depending on the ethnic‐geographic location of where these studies were conducted. We induced anesthesia with cisatracurium besylate (GlaxoSmithKline) 100 μg kg−1 administered exactly 1 minute following propofol (AstraZeneca) 2 mg kg−1. In 20 male and 20 female ethnic Han‐Chinese test set patients (Xi'an China), and in similar ethnic white Austrian validation set patients (Graz Austria), we quantified propofol/cisatracurium pharmacodynamic parameters namely propofol onset time, lag time, plasma concentrations (Cp) at loss‐of‐behavioral response (LOBR) using bispectral index (BIS); cisatracurium onset time, lag time, and Cp at T1% (first twitch of train‐of‐four) complete twitch suppression using mechanomyography (MMG). Serial arterial blood samples were collected for population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analysis of all demographic and biological covariates (region, sex, age, weight, and height) versus volumes of distribution and clearances pharmacokinetic parameters. In Chinese women (but not in white women), propofol Cp at LOBR was 33.60% lower than men and cisatracurium Cp at T1% complete twitch suppression was 21.49% lower than men, a clear pharmacodynamic assertion. Region and weight were significant PopPK covariates. We demonstrated that sex differences are influenced by ethnic‐geographic location as only in Chinese women (but not in white women) propofol Cp at LOBR and cisatracurium Cp at T1% complete twitch suppression were lower than in men. When defining sex differences, ethnic‐geographic location should be taken into consideration as a predictive factor for optimizing propofol/cisatracurium initial loading recommended dosages.
Hidden talents: Poly (I:C)‐induced maternal immune activation improves mouse visual discrimination performance and reversal learning in a sex‐dependent manner
Authors: Zhao Xin , Tran Hieu , DeRosa Holly , Roderick Ryland C. , Kentner Amanda C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile there is a strong focus on the negative consequences of maternal immune activation (MIA) on developing brains, very little attention is directed towards potential advantages of early life challenges. In this study, we utilized a polyinosine‐polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) MIA model to test visual pairwise discrimination (PD) and reversal learning (RL) in mice using touchscreen technology. Significant sex differences emerged in that MIA reduced the latency for males to make a correct choice in the PD task while females reached criterion sooner, made fewer errors, and utilized fewer correction trials in RL compared to saline controls. These surprising improvements were accompanied by the sex‐specific upregulation of several genes critical to cognitive functioning, indicative of compensatory plasticity in response to MIA. In contrast, when exposed to a 'two‐hit' stress model (MIA + loss of the social component of environmental enrichment [EE]), mice did not display anhedonia but required an increased number of PD and RL correction trials. These animals also had significant reductions of CamK2a mRNA in the prefrontal cortex. Appropriate functioning of synaptic plasticity, via mediators such as this protein kinase and others, are critical for behavioral flexibility. Although EE has been implicated in, delaying the appearance of symptoms associated with certain brain disorders, these findings are in line with evidence that it also makes individuals more vulnerable to its loss. Overall, with the right 'dose', early life stress exposure can confer at least some functional advantages, which are lost when the number or magnitude of these exposures become too great.
Dog and cat owners’ use of online Facebook groups for pet health information
Authors: Kogan Lori R. , Little Susan , Oxley James 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundFacebook is a frequently used social media platform and is often used for human health information, yet little research has been conducted on how pet owners use Facebook pet groups to obtain and share pet health information.MethodThis study was designed to assess how pet owners use dog and cat Facebook groups to provide and receive pet health advice and their perception of these groups' trustworthiness. Two comparable questionnaires (dog and cat owners) were developed and distributed through an online survey platform.ResultsResults suggest that Facebook groups are a common source of pet health information, with 56.2% of dog owners and 51.8% of cat owners reporting receiving health information through Facebook groups. Similar numbers report giving health information through Facebook groups: 55.0% of dog owners and 57.9% of cat owners. Dog health information most commonly exchanged related to dermatology, gastroenterology and orthopaedics and the most common cat health information focused on gastroenterology, renal and urinary‐related issues. While the majority of Facebook users report feeling that Facebook groups are not a trustworthy source of pet health information, a substantial minority of users do appear to be influenced by these groups.ConclusionApproximately 50% of cat and dog owning respondents either give or receive pet health advice through Facebook groups. These results suggest that many owners deem Facebook groups as useful, but not entirely trustworthy, sources of information.
An updated survey of beliefs and practices related to faking in individual assessments
Authors: Robie Chet , Risavy Stephen D. , Jacobs Rick R. , Christiansen Neil D. , König Cornelius J. , Speer Andrew B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present study is an updated survey examining individual assessor beliefs and practices related to faking in the individual assessment context. The responses from a mix of quantitative and qualitative survey questions were compared across individual assessors from the original 2005 sample (n = 77) and an updated 2020 sample (n = 78). Results suggest that single stimulus personality assessments are still the predominant form of personality assessment in use, but many individual assessors employ other types of personality assessments such as forced‐choice. In 2020, individual assessors do not appear to be heavily concerned about the effects of faking on their recommendations, do not believe that a large number of candidates fake, and believe that even fewer candidates successfully fake.
Hospital volume and postoperative survival for three urological cancers: Prostate, kidney, and bladder
Authors: Sugimoto Kazuma , Tabuchi Takahiro , Okawa Sumiyo , Morishima Toshitaka , Koyama Shihoko , Nakayama Masashi , Nishimura Kazuo , Miyashiro Isao 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the association between hospital volume and postoperative 5‐year survival for patients with prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer.MethodUsing Osaka Cancer Registry data, we identified 9285 patients who were diagnosed as having prostate, kidney, or bladder cancer and who underwent surgery between 2007 and 2011 in Osaka, Japan. The surgical hospital volume of each hospital was calculated and then divided into quartiles (high, medium, low, very low). We estimated the hazard ratios of hospital volume (quartiles) for 5‐year survival using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsFor all three cancer sites, the mortality hazard of hospitals with the lowest hospital volume was significantly higher than that of hospitals with the highest volume. The difference in adjusted 5‐year survival rates between hospitals with the highest and lowest hospital volume was 3.6% for prostate cancer, 6.6% for kidney cancer, and 13.3% for bladder cancer.ConclusionHospital surgical volume seems to affect 5‐year survival for patients with urological cancers, especially kidney and bladder cancer.
Using eye movement modelling examples to guide visual attention and foster cognitive performance: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xie Heping , Zhao Tingting , Deng Sue , Peng Ji , Wang Fuxing , Zhou Zongkui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEye movement modelling examples (EMME) are computer‐based videos displaying the visualized eye gaze behaviour of a domain expert person (model) while carefully executing the learning or problem‐solving task. The role of EMME in promoting cognitive performance (i.e., final scores of learning outcome or problem solving) has been questioned due to the mixed findings from empirical studies. This study tested the effects of EMME on attention guidance and cognitive performance by means of meta‐analytic procedures. Data for both experimental and control groups and both posttest and pretest were extracted to calculate the effect sizes. The EMME group was treated as the experimental group and the non‐EMME group was treated as the control group. Twenty‐five independent articles were included. The overall analysis showed a significant effect of EMME on time to first fixation (d = −0.83), fixation duration (d = 0.74), as well as cognitive performance (d = 0.43), but not on fixation count, indicating that using EMME not only helped learners attend faster and longer to the task‐relevant elements, but also fostered their final cognitive performance. Interestingly, task type significantly moderated the effect of EMME on cognitive performance. Moderation analyses showed that EMME was beneficial to learners' performance when non‐procedural tasks (rather than procedural tasks) were used. These findings show contributions for future research as well as practical application in the field of computers and learning regarding videos displaying a model's visualized eye gaze behaviour.
This Time Wasn't Different: Responsiveness and Responsibility in the Eurozone between 2007 and 2019
Authors: Karremans Johannes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the balance between responsiveness and responsibility in France, Germany and Spain between 2017 and 2019. Based on the party‐politics literature, the article argues that during crises responsibility may temporarily increase, but that subsequently governments need to base their actions on responsive policy criteria in order to maintain citizens' trust. Yet, given the dominance of austerity ideas during this decade and the introduction of a more stringent European fiscal framework, it is questionable whether responsiveness increased after the Eurozone crisis. Analysing original data from the yearly budget speeches of ministers of finance, the article finds that responsibility dominated budgetary policy‐making in the early 2010s and that since 2014 responsiveness has increased, regardless of a country's financial situation. Furthermore, during the crisis responsibility tended to be higher under centre‐right cabinets. The article portrays the early 2010s as an episode of ‘politics in hard times’ during which governments chose their policy response based on their ideas.
Development of a machine learning model to predict bleed in esophageal varices in compensated advanced chronic liver disease: A proof of concept
Authors: Agarwal Samagra , Sharma Sanchit , Kumar Manoj , Venishetty Shantan , Bhardwaj Ankit , Kaushal Kanav , Gopi Srikanth , Mohta Srikant , Gunjan Deepak , Saraya Anoop , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimRisk stratification beyond the endoscopic classification of esophageal varices (EVs) to predict first episode of variceal bleeding (VB) is currently limited in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD). We aimed to assess if machine learning (ML) could be used for predicting future VB more accurately.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, data from patients of cACLD with EVs, laboratory parameters and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were used to generate an extreme‐gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm to predict the risk of VB. The performance characteristics of ML and endoscopic classification were compared in internal and external validation cohorts. Bleeding rates were estimated in subgroups identified upon risk stratification with combination of model and endoscopic classification.ResultsEight hundred twenty‐eight patients of cACLD with EVs, predominantly related to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (28.6%), alcohol (23.7%) and hepatitis B (23.1%) were included, with 455 (55%) having the high‐risk varices. Over a median follow‐up of 24 (12–43) months, 163 patients developed VB. The accuracy of machine learning (ML) based model to predict future VB was 98.7 (97.4–99.5)%, 93.7 (88.8–97.2)%, and 85.7 (82.1–90.5)% in derivation (n = 497), internal validation (n = 149), and external validation (n = 182) cohorts, respectively, which was better than endoscopic classification [58.9 (55.5–62.3)%] alone. Patients stratified high risk on both endoscopy and model had 1‐year and 3‐year bleeding rates of 31–43% and 64–85%, respectively, whereas those stratified as low risk on both had 1‐year and 3‐year bleeding rates of 0–1.6% and 0–3.4%, respectively. Endoscopic classification and LSM were the major determinants of model's performance.ConclusionApplication of ML model improved the performance of endoscopic stratification to predict VB in patients with cACLD with EVs.
Role of the inflammasome, gasdermin D, and pyroptosis in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Rodríguez‐Antonio Itzayana , López‐Sánchez Guillermo N. , Uribe Misael , Chávez‐Tapia Norberto C. , Nuño‐Lámbarri Natalia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death mediated by a multiprotein complex called the inflammasome through the pro‐inflammatory activity of gasdermin D. This study aimed to recognize the final biological product that leads to pore formation in the cell membrane, lysis, pro‐inflammatory cytokines release, and the establishment of an immune response. An exhaustive search engine investigation of an elevated immune response can induce a sustained inflammation that directly links this mechanism to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and its progression to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. Clinical studies and systematic reviews suggest that gasdermin D is a critical molecule between the immune response and the disease manifestation, which could be considered a therapeutic target for highly prevalent diseases characterized by presenting perpetuated inflammatory processes. Both basic and clinical research show evidence on the expression and regulation of the inflammasome–gasdermin D–pyroptosis trinomial for the progression of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Increased mucin‐degrading bacteria by high protein diet leads to thinner mucus layer and aggravates experimental colitis
Authors: Chen Lulu , Wang Jingyan , Yi Jun , Liu Yajun , Yu Zheng , Chen Shuijiao , Liu Xiaowei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and AimWesternized high‐fat diet increases the risk for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), yet with insufficient understanding of the role of high‐protein diet. We aimed to identify the effect of high‐protein diets from different dietary proteins (casein, whey protein, soy protein) on experimental colitis and its impact on microbiota, structure and function of colonic mucus layer.MethodsFemale BALB/c mice were fed by standard diet, high‐casein diet (HCD), high whey protein diet or high soy protein diet for 4 weeks. The susceptibility of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice and thickness of colonic mucus layer were compared after different dietary interventions, associated with the identification of the reversal effect of broad‐spectrum antibiotic intervention (0.5 g/L of vancomycin and 1 g/L of neomycin sulfate, metronidazole and ampicillin in drinking water). Further analysis was performed on the synthesis of mucin, microbiota and sialidase involved in degradation of mucus layer.ResultsHigh‐protein diets aggravated acute DSS‐induced colitis independent of protein composition, while broad‐spectrum antibiotics reversed this effect. HCD significantly altered the composition of bacteria in the colonic mucus layer, especially Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and total mucin‐degrading bacteria; besides, it increased sialidase concentration and reduced the thickness of mucus layer. However, it exhibited no significant effect on the synthesis of Muc2. Broad‐spectrum antibiotics decreased the abundance of mucin‐degrading bacteria and sialidase concentration while increased the thickness of mucus layer.ConclusionHigh‐protein diet shifts microbial composition and thickness of colonic mucus layer, leading to the aggravation of acute DSS‐induced colitis.