bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One new species of Fannia (Diptera, Fanniidae) from Yunnan, China with a key to the Fannia fuscinata-group in China
Authors: Wei Shuyu , Wang Mingfu , Zhang Dong 
Published: November 2021

The Fannidae includes over 400 described species, mainly known from the Holarctic Region. The number of species in the Oriental Region are underestimated. The Fannia fuscinata-group was established by Wang et al. in 2011, consisting of nine species at present.
A new species of the genus Fannia (Diptera, Fanniidae) is described from Yunnan, part of the Oriental Region in China, namely Fannia menglaensis sp. nov. The detailed description, photographs and drawings of adults and male terminalia of F. menglaensis sp. nov. are provided. All specimens are preserved in the Museum of Beijing Forestry University.
L’émergence d’un cluster viticole chinois ou l’obsession de la domestication du vivant
Authors: Pétric Boris-Mathieu 
Published: November 2021

La Chine, avec une superficie de plus 850 000 hectares, est devenue de manière fulgurante l’un des tout premiers vignobles mondiaux. Son développement s’appuie sur une politique de développement de cluster viticole. Le gigantesque projet du Yantai Changyu Wine International City est l’illustration d’une conception particulière chinoise d’une volonté de domestiquer à la fois le monde végétal et la conduite de ses citoyens. Ce vaste complexe œnotouristique est à la fois un espace de production, mais aussi un espace de consommation où les activités sont étroitement encadrées par la puissance publique. L’émergence de cette culture viti-vinicole singulière amène à s’interroger sur le rôle de la Chine dans la diffusion d’une domestication à l’échelle mondiale.
Des inspecteurs à la chaîne. Une gestuelle ouvrière, un geste politique
Authors: Gautier Amandine 
Published: November 2021

Le travail d’inspection en abattoir demande une implication de tout le corps et une adaptation des gestes au rythme de la chaîne d’abattage. L’activité des agents chargés de l’inspection, dont les traits s’apparentent à une gestuelle ouvrière, contient cependant une forte dimension politique. Le geste, contraint par l’abattoir et ses caractéristiques, se trouve au cœur du pouvoir des agents publics et des possibilités de construction de leur identité professionnelle : l’inscription des corps de fonctionnaires sur les lignes d’abattage questionne ce qu’il reste de l’État. Cet article montre que le geste professionnel constitue une entrée de choix pour comprendre la signification que ces agents publics donnent à leur travail. En examinant les enjeux du geste et de ses adaptations aux contextes locaux dans le cadre d’une mission régalienne, il plaide en faveur d’une analyse multi-niveaux du geste professionnel.
Factors causing stress in postgraduate dental students during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Juneja Ruchi , Sikka Neha , Kumar Varun , Chahal Savita , Arora Mayank , Middha Mitali , Singhal Ruchi 
Published: November 2021

Background:
COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the academic and clinical training of postgraduate dental students. This study aimed to assess various factors causing psychological stress in them, and the extent of stress perception during pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 250 postgraduate students from nine dental colleges of Haryana and National Capital Region, India, responded to an online questionnaire sent electronically to them in September 2020, which included modified dental environment stress (DES) score, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and questions regarding COVID-associated stress (CAS). Students already diagnosed with any psychiatric disorder or having a history of any major adverse event during the last 6 months likely to affect their psychological health were excluded from this study. The data obtained were analyzed using Chi-square test, Independent t-test, univariate ANOVA with post hoc tests, Pearson moment correlation, and multiple hierarchical regression tests. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
DES score was moderate for 48.8% and high for 34.4% of the participants. PSS was moderate for 69.2% and high for 18.8% of the participants. The most stressful factor in dental environment was the pattern of university examination, while the most stressful factor specific to COVID-19 was the fear of family members contracting the infection. PSS score was significantly higher in female participants. DES and CAS scores were significantly higher in students staying in hostels. Multiple hierarchical regression model depicted gender, mean health, and DES score as significant predictors of PSS.

Conclusion:
Postgraduate dental students reported the adverse impact of COVID-19 pandemic upon their training and prospects as a reason for the increase in stress.
Drug release kinetics and biological properties of a novel local drug carrier system
Authors: Shafiei Farhad , Ghavami-Lahiji Mehrsima , Jafarzadeh Kashi Tahereh Sadat , Najafi Farhood 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate drug release kinetics and cytotoxicity of a novel drug delivery system for treatment of periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:
This in vitro study addresses the fabrication of a polycaprolactone/alginic acid-based polymeric film loaded with metronidazole, as a basic drug in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Films were prepared by solvent casting technique. Four formulations with different percentages of drug by weight (3%, 5%, 9%, and 13%) were prepared. Drug release kinetics were investigated using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy during (one week). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Cytotoxicity of drug-loaded system extracts was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using L929 cells after 24-h incubation. The results were evaluated according to ISO standard 10993-5 and assessed using ANOVA and Tukey's tests at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:
All polymeric films showed a burst drug release followed by a gradual release. Drug release data were fitted well with the first-order kinetic model in all drug-containing formulations indicating that drug release is a fraction of remaining drug in the matrix. Drug release is mainly driven by diffusion of medium into the composite matrix. 3%wt metronidazole-containing formulation exhibited the best MTT result.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study supported the synthesis of drug-loaded periodontal films with 3% metronidazole due to better biological properties along with the ability of acceptable drug release to eradicate anaerobic periodontal bacteria.
Effect of curing method and thermocycling on flexural strength and microhardness of a new composite resin with alkaline filler
Authors: Bahari Mahmoud , Kahnamoui Mehdi Abed , Chaharom Mohammad Esmaeel Ebrahimi , Kimyai Soodabeh , Sattari Zeinab 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Cention N has been introduced as an alternative material for amalgam. The purpose was to investigate the flexural strength and microhardness of this material in self-cure and dual-cure modes before and after thermocycling.

Materials and Methods:
In this experimental study, 40 samples of Cention N were prepared in order to determine and compare the microhardness. Half of the samples were set by self-cure method and the other half with dual-cure method. The Vickers microhardness test was performed once after 24 h and again after 10000 thermocyclings. Three-point flexural test was used to determine and compare the flexural strength of 52 rod-shaped samples. Half of the samples were set by self-cure method and the other half with dual-cure method. Among 26 samples in each group, 13 samples were randomly selected and three-point flexural test was performed after 24 h and for another 13 samples after 10,000 thermocyclings. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and paired samples t-test (P < 0.05).

Results:
There was a statistically significant difference between the mean of microhardness values in two curing methods (P < 0.001) and in two storage conditions (P < 0.001). The mean of dual-cure microhardness (100.99 ± 7.22) was higher than that of self-cure (64.61 ± 12.51) and the mean value associated with pre-thermocycling (89.75 ± 15.84) was higher than that of the post-thermocycling (76.44 ± 23.56). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean flexural strength in the two curing methods (self-cure [72.85 ± 16.26], dual cure [79.87 ± 23.07]; [P > 0.05]). However, the mean flexural strength without thermocycling (85.98 ± 21.74) was higher than that of the thermocycled group (64.24 ± 6.40) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The microhardness of Cention N in dual-cure mode was higher than that of self-cure mode, but the flexural strength of dual-cure was not significantly different from that of self-cure. Thermocycling had a significant effect on the microhardness and flexural strength.
Relationship between Perceived Chewing Ability, Oral Health Related Quality of Life and Depressive Symptoms among Completely Edentulous Individuals
Authors: Satishkumar C.S.C , Nair Sangeeta J. , Joseph Angel M. , Suresh Sushanthi , Muthupandian Indumathi , Kumaresan Sathya , Ashekhi Awad , Nadeem Gulrez 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Edentulism affects the chewing ability of a person and can engender nutritional deficiencies which can affect the overall quality of life and depression.

Aim:
Our aim was to evaluate the association between perceived chewing ability, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and depressive symptoms among completely edentulous patients with and without dentures.

Settings and Design:
Institutional study and cross-sectional design.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study among 207 completely edentulous persons was conducted in South India. The subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire on demographics, Beck's depression inventory, oral health impact profile-edentulous (OHIP-EDENT), age when edentate, chewing ability, and denture satisfaction. Further, denture status was clinically evaluated.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were summarised and analysed using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Persons not using complete dentures (odds ratio [OR] =3.5, P < 0.05), who reported impaired chewing ability (OR = 4.6, P < 0.05), those who became edentate before 55 years (OR = 4.6, P < 0.05) and with poor denture status (OR = 6.2, P < 0.05) were more likely to report depressive symptoms. Lesser impact in relation to OHRQoL was found to be protective against depression among completely edentulous (OR = 0.24, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Depressive symptoms were associated with impaired chewing ability, higher impacts on OHIP-EDENT, and edentulous persons not using complete dentures. High priority must be given to enhance awareness towards oral rehabilitation among completely edentulous to reduce the chance of depression occurring due to impaired chewing ability and poor OHRQoL.
Oral Health Status and Self- Assessment of Oral Health Risk Factors Among South Indian Diabetic Patients
Authors: Madhuri Mukkavilli , Kulkarni Suhas , Doshi Dolar , Reddy Srikanth , Adepu Srilatha , Reddy Sahithi 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The disease profile of the world is changing at an astonishingly fast rate. It is essential that the impending nature of chronic disease is recognized and acted on urgently. India leads the world with the largest number of diabetics earning the dubious distinction of being termed the “diabetic capital” of the world.

Aim:
To assess and compare the oral health status and related oral health risk factors among diabetic patients in Hyderabad and Secunderabad.

Settings:
A cross sectional study was carried out in various diagnostic centers among 801 patients aged 30 years and above.

Methods and Materials:
Oral health status and self-assessed data on related oral risk factors were measured using modified World Health Organization (WHO) assessment form and oral health questionnaire for adults 2013.

Statistical Analysis:
Comparison of mean scores of the variables based on gender was assessed using ANOVA. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results:
Females had higher proportion of untreated caries (362; 85%) and DMFT (Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth; 375; 88%) compared to males. On the basis of loss of attachment, the mean number of sextants with no loss of attachment was mostly noted among female subjects.

Conclusion:
In the present study, though gingivitis was seen in higher percentage (82%), the presence of periodontal disease was relatively low (68.3%). It can be concluded that diabetic subjects may have poor oral health.
Green Tea Catechins showed Antibacterial Activity on Streptococcus Mutans –An In Vitro Study
Authors: Hattarki Sanjeevini A. , Bogar Chetana , Bhat Kishore G. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The main bacterial aetiological agents in caries formation are the α-haemolytic Streptococcal species Streptococcus mutans, which has been found to be the initiator of most dental caries. The leaves of Camellia sinensis known as green tea, has properties, such as antibacterial and anti-cariogenic. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) one of the most abundant catechins found in green tea is known to contribute to these effects.

Aim:
To evaluate the antibacterial effect of green tea catechins namely EGCG on S. mutans with two different methods at different concentrations.

Objectives:
1) To assess the antimicrobial efficacy of EGCG by disc diffusion test at concentrations of 100, 75, and 50 μg/mL. 2) To assess the antimicrobial efficacy of EGCG by Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100 μg/mL.

Methodology:
Commercially available purest form of green tea polyphenol EGCG was used in the study. Disc diffusion test on agar medium and MIC test was used to determine the susceptibility of the S. mutans to green tea catechins EGCG.

Results:
The results of the agar well diffusion method showed that the EGCG extract has shown zones of inhibition against S. mutans at concentrations of 100 μg/mL (28.67 mm), 75 μg/mL (15.33 mm), 50 μg/mL (10.33 mm) while that of MIC test of EGCG extract of concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100 μg/mL against S. mutans shows that the mean MIC value was 1.07.

Conclusion:
Catechins in the tea are potentially anti-cariogenic agents which can reduce bacterial presence in the oral cavity and have the potential to be further used for the preparation of dentifrice and mouthwash.
Management of Marginal Tissue Recession using Platelet-Rich Fibrin
Authors: Prakash Priyanka 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Marginal tissue recession leads to exposure of root surfaces of teeth resulting in root sensitivity, caries, or an unsightly appearance. Its management is carried out both by eliminating contributing factors as well as using surgical techniques. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a seond-generation platelet concentrate first described by Choukroun et al. in 2001. This case report is of a Millers Class II recession in 41 regions managed using PRF with a double pedicle flap.

Method:
A 25-year-old patient presented with gingival recession height of 5 mm, measured from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to gingival margin. The recession width was 3 mm at the CEJ and PD of 1 mm with respect to 41 region. There was no keratinized tissue apical to recession. However, adequate keratinized tissue was clinically present on either side of the recession defect wrt 41 region. A partial thickness double pedicle flap was raised wrt 41 region. PRF was prepared by centrifuging whole blood at 2,700 RPM for 12 min. The membrane was folded to create bulk and secured over the recession defect.

Results:
The patient was reviewed at regular intervals of 01, 06, months and 01 year postoperatively. Significant coverage of denuded root was achieved with good color match and relief from sensitivity. Results were stable one year postoperatively.

Conclusion:
Cases that present with a deep and wide recession are challenging to address owing to the extensive loss of keratinized tissue. In such cases, double pedicle flap can be carried out to augment gingiva by utilizing keratinized tissue adjacent to the defect site. Platelet concentrates like PRF contain platelet-derived growth factors that exhibit chemotactic and mitogenic properties that promote and modulate cellular functions involved in tissue healing, regeneration, and cell proliferation. PRF is an autologous biomaterial which may be used in root coverage procedures. Long-term studies with a larger sample size are required to establish PRF as a predictable method of gingival recession coverage.
Association between Mother'S Behaviour, Oral Health Literacy and Children'S Oral Health Outcomes
Authors: Sowmya KR , Puranik Manjunath P. , Aparna KS 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Parents' infant and early childhood oral health knowledge is of paramount importance, because oral health behaviours are the exclusive domain of parents during the early years of life. Studies exploring the association between mother's behaviour, oral health literacy and children's oral health outcomes are scarce.

Aim:
To evaluate the association between mother's behaviour, oral health literacy and children's dental caries experience.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among one hundred pre-school children aged 2–6 years and their mothers from pre-schools in Bangalore, India. Data regarding their demographics, mother's knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) was collected through a questionnaire. Mother's oral health literacy was assessed with Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30 (REALD-30) scale. Caries experience of the children was recorded using Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index. Data was entered into excel sheet and analysed using statistical package for SPSS 22.0.

Results:
The mean KAP, REALD-30 and DMFT scores were 13.17 ± 4.57, 17.68 ± 5.85, 2.61 ± 2.21, respectively. In this study, REALD-30 score negatively correlated with DMFT score and positively correlated with KAP score. In a linear regression, KAP and REALD-30 scores showed a highly significant association with dental caries.

Conclusion:
Mother's behaviour and oral health literacy influenced caries experience of the children. Therefore, improving the behaviour and oral health literacy of the mothers is the key to influence child's oral health.
Expression of Septin 2 and Her2/neu in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Hanbuli Hala M. El , Amer Samar Ibrahim Ismail , Ibrahim Heba A. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and lethal disease. Septin 2 belongs to the same class of GTPases as the RAS oncogenes influence the invasion and metastasis of many types of tumor cells. Furthermore, HER2/neu is involved in the tumor genesis and progression of various types of tumors. The role of both molecules is still questionable in CRC.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to examine the expression of septin 2 and Her2/neu in patients with CRC.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on 2 groups; the first group consisted of 70 paraffin blocks for CRC patients and the second group was formed of 24 blocks from patients diagnosed as colorectal adenoma. For each adenoma and carcinoma case, a section was immunohistochemically stained using antihuman SEPT2 polyclonal antibody. For each carcinoma case, another section was immunostained using monoclonal anti-HER2/neu. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with the collected clinicopathologic data of the cases.

Results:
For the carcinoma patients, there was a significant association between SEPT2 staining intensity and histologic type (P = 0.001) and grade (P < 0.001), tumor T (P = 0.001) and N (P = 0.011) stages and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001) and a significant association between Her2/neu immunoreactivity scores (IRSs) and histologic grade (P = 0.048), tumor T (P < 0.001) and N (P = 0.019) stages and the presence of perineural (P = 0.004) and lymphovascular (P = 0.003) invasion. In colonic adenoma patients, there was a significant relation between septin 2 IRSs and the grade of dysplasia in the adenoma (P < 0.001) and significant relation with its expression in carcinoma group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
A potential prognostic role of septin 2 and Her2/neu for patients with CRC is suggested as expression of both markers was associated with many important prognostic clinicopathologic variables in patients of CRC.
Violence Against Healthcare: A Public Health Issue beyond Conflict Settings
Authors: Bellizzi Saverio , Pichierri Giuseppe , Farina Gabriele , Cegolon Luca , Abdelbaki Wiem 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT.
A 3-year analysis released in August 2021 by the WHO indicated that more than 700 healthcare workers and patients have died (2,000 injured) as a result of attacks against health facilities since 2017. The COVID-19 pandemic has made the risks even worse for doctors, nurses, and support staff, unfortunately. According to the latest figures from the International Committee of the Red Cross, 848 COVID-19-related violent incidents were recorded in 2020, and this is likely an underrepresentation of a much more widespread phenomenon. In response to rises in COVID-19-related attacks against healthcare, some countries have taken action. In Algeria, for instance, the penal code was amended to increase protection for healthcare workers against attacks and to punish individuals who damage health facilities. In the United Kingdom, the police, crime, sentencing, and courts bill proposed increased the maximum penalty from 12 months to 2 years in prison for anyone who assaults an emergency worker. Measures taken by countries represent a good practical way to counteract this crisis within COVID-19. However, we stress the importance of primary prevention with the use of communication: social media and other communication channels are fundamentally important to combat violence against health professionals, both to inform the population with quality data and to disseminate campaigns to prevent these acts.
DISKUALIFIKASI CALON KEPALA DAERAH TERPILIH SERTA PENYELESAIANNYA DALAM SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA
Authors: Mahardika Ahmad Gelora 
Published: November 2021

Artikel ini mengkaji fenomena dianulirnya kemenangan sejumlah pasangan calon pada pemilihan kepala daerah serentak tahun 2020 antara lain pasangan calon terpilih pada pemilihan kepala daerah Kota Bandar Lampung dan Kabupaten Sabu Raijua. Hal ini menjadi persoalan karena diskualifikasi yang dilakukan oleh Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum (Bawaslu) dan Mahkamah Konstitusi dilakukan ketika kedua pasangan calon tersebut telah memenangkan kontestasi pemilihan dengan suara yang signifikan. Putusan Bawaslu dan Mahkamah Konstitusi selayaknya berfungsi untuk memastikan bahwa suara rakyat betul-betul termanifestasikan dalam proses pemilihan. Oleh karena itulah opsi diskualifikasi pasangan calon selayaknya menjadi opsi terakhir. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji fungsi dan kewenangan Bawaslu dan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam melakukan diskualifikasi terhadap pasangan calon dalam sistem hukum pemilihan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga akan melakukan studi.komparasi.dengan.negara.lain terhadap kasus yang serupa meskipun berbeda konteksnya. Hal tersebut vital untuk dikaji, dikarenakan pada hakikatnya suara rakyat tidak boleh dinihilkan oleh putusan lembaga manapun. Metode penelitian dalam artikel ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan sejumlah peraturan perundang-undangan dan literatur terkait sebagai media analisis. Data yang digunakan adalah sejumlah regulasi yang terkait dengan pemilihan kepala daerah yang diperoleh melalui sumber-sumber resmi Pemerintah. Hasil dan kesimpulan yang peneliti peroleh adalah diskualifikasi calon kepala daerah terpilih berpotensi menihilkan demokrasi dan menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum, oleh karena itu diperlukan desain ideal dalam sistem hukum Indonesia manakala kejadian tersebut terulang kembali kedepannya.