bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of calcified- and lipid-containing plaque components and their association with incidental rupture points in acute coronary syndrome-causing culprit lesions: results from the prospective OPTICO-ACS study
Authors: Abdelwahed Youssef S , Nelles Gregor , Frick Clara , Seppelt Claudio , Meteva Denitsa , Stähli Barbara E , Rai Himanshu , Riedel Matthias , Skurk Carsten , Rauch-Kröhnert Ursula , Haghikia Arash , Sinning David , Dreger Henryk , Knebel Fabian , Trippel Tobias , Krisper Maximillian , Klotsche Jens , Joner Michael , Landmesser Ulf , Leistner David M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
Rupture of the fibrous cap (RFC) represents the main pathophysiological mechanism causing acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Destabilization due to plaque biomechanics is considered to be importantly involved, exact mechanisms triggering plaque ruptures are, however, unknown. This study aims at characterizing the relation between plaque components and rupture points at ACS-causing culprit lesions in a large cohort of ACS-patients assessed by high-resolution intracoronary imaging.

Methods and results
Within the prospective, multicentric OPTICO-ACS study program, the ACS-causing culprit plaques of 282 consecutive patients were investigated following a standardized optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging protocol. Each pullback was assessed on a frame-by-frame basis for the presence of lipid components (LC), calcium components (CC), and coexistence of both LC and CC (LCC) by two independent OCT-core labs. Of the 282 ACS-patients, 204 patients (72.3%) presented with ACS caused by culprit lesions with rupture of the fibrous cap (RFC-ACS) and 27.7% patients had ACS caused by culprit lesions with intact fibrous cap (IFC-ACS). When comparing RFC-ACS to IFC-ACS, a preferential occurrence of all three plaque components (LC, CC, and LCC) in RFC-ACS became apparent (P &lt; 0.001). Within ruptured culprit lesions, the zone straight at the rupture point [extended rupture zone (RZ)] was characterized by similar (24.7% vs. 24.0%; P = ns) calcium content when compared with the proximal and distal border of the culprit lesion [border zone (BZ)]. The RZ displayed a significantly higher amount of both, LC (100% vs. 69.8%; P &lt; 0.001) and LCC (22.7% vs. 6.8%; P &lt; 0.001), when compared with the BZ. The relative component increase towards the RZ was particularly evident for LCC (+233.8%), while LC showed only a modest increase (+43.3%).

Conclusions
Calcified- and lipid-containing components characterize ruptured fibrous cap ACS-causing culprit lesions. Their coexistence is accelerated directly at the ruptured point, suggesting a pathophysiological contribution in the development of RFC-ACS.
Immediate Risk for Cardiovascular Events in Hip Fracture Patients: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Hsu Warrington W Q , Sing Chor-Wing , Li Gloria H Y , Tan Kathryn C B , Cheung Bernard M Y , Wong Janus S H , Wong Ian Chi-Kei , Cheung Ching-Lung 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Emerging evidence showed that bone metabolism and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are closely related. We previously observed a potential immediate risk of cardiovascular mortality after hip fracture. However, whether there is an immediate risk of cardiovascular events after hip fracture is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) between patients having experienced falls with and without hip fracture.

Methods
This retrospective population-based cohort study used data from a centralized electronic health record database managed by Hong Kong Hospital Authority. Patients having experienced falls with and without hip fracture were matched by propensity score (PS) at a 1:1 ratio. Adjusted associations between hip fracture and risk of MACEs were evaluated using competing risk regression after accounting for competing risk of death.

Results
Competing risk regression showed that hip fracture was associated with increased 1-year risk of MACEs (hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–1.33; p &lt; .001), with a 1-year cumulative incidence difference of 2.40% (1.94%–2.87%). The HR was the highest in the first 90-days after hip fracture (HR of 1.32), and such an estimate was continuously reduced in 180 days, 270 days, and 1 year after hip fracture.

Conclusions
Hip fracture was associated with increased immediate risk of MACEs. This study suggested that a prompt evaluation of MACE among older adults aged 65 years and older who are diagnosed with hip fracture irrespectively of cardiovascular risk factors may be important, as early management may reduce subsequent risk of MACE.
Partner Care Arrangements and Well-Being in Mid- and Later Life: The Role of Gender Across Care Contexts
Authors: Floridi Ginevra , Quashie Nekehia T , Glaser Karen , Brandt Martina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We assess gender moderation in the association between partner care arrangements and individuals’ well-being, and the extent to which gender differences vary across European care contexts.

Methods
We use 2015 data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe for 3,465 couples aged 50+, where at least 1 partner receives care. We assess gender differences in individuals’ life satisfaction and depressive symptoms across 5 partner care arrangements: solo-; shared formal; shared informal; outsourced formal; and outsourced informal care. We explore heterogeneity in the gendered associations across 4 care contexts: Northern, Western, Southern, and Eastern Europe.

Results
Sharing care with formal providers is associated with lower well-being among women than men, with a significant well-being “penalty” among Southern European women with partners in shared formal care. Outsourcing partner care to informal providers is associated with higher well-being than other care arrangements for men across care contexts, but with lower well-being for women in Southern Europe.

Discussion
Policies to support caregivers’ well-being need to be sensitive to the coordination of formal and informal caregiving support for men and women in their respective care contexts.
Program Practices Predict Intergenerational Interaction Among Children and Adults
Authors: Jarrott Shannon E , Turner Shelbie G , Juris Jill , Scrivano Rachel M , Weaver Raven H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Intergenerational programs, those engaging youth and adults of nonadjacent generations in shared programming for mutual benefit, are attracting increasing attention from funders, policymakers, and practitioners for the range of goals they can support. The mechanisms by which these goals are achieved are rarely studied. To address this gap, we analyzed the associations between specific intergenerational implementation practices and younger and older participant outcomes.

Research Design and Methods
Activity leaders at 5 sites serving adults and preschoolers received training to implement 14 evidence-based practices during intergenerational activities involving 84 adults (M = 75.25 years; range = 55–98) and 105 preschool participants (M = 3.26 years; range = 2–5) over 4 years. Measures of activity leaders’ implementation of these practices and participants’ behavioral responses to programming were gathered. We utilized multilevel modeling to test whether variations in implementation of practices were associated with variations in participants’ responses to programming on a session-by-session basis.

Results
For both preschool and adult participants, analyses revealed that the implementation of certain practices was associated with significantly more intergenerational interaction. When more practices were implemented reflecting factors of (a) participant pairing and (b) person-centered care, both child and adult intergenerational interactions were higher.

Discussion and Implications
Practices used by intergenerational activity leaders during programming help to explain within-person responses of both child and adult participants. Intergenerational relationships may be a powerful means to achieve diverse goals; they depend on skillful practice by trained activity leaders.
Molecular alterations due to Col5a1 haploinsufficiency in a mouse model of classic Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Authors: Machol Keren , Polak Urszula , Weisz-Hubshman Monika , Song I-Wen , Chen Shan , Jiang Ming-Ming , Chen-Evenson Yuqing , Weis Mary Ann E , Keene Douglas R , Eyre David R , Lee Brendan H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Type V collagen is a regulatory fibrillar collagen essential for type I collagen fibril nucleation and organization and its deficiency leads to structurally abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM). Haploinsufficiency of the Col5a1 gene encoding α(1) chain of type V collagen is the primary cause of classic Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS). The mechanisms by which this initial insult leads to the spectrum of clinical presentation are not fully understood. Using transcriptome analysis of skin and Achilles tendons from Col5a1 haploinsufficient (Col5a1+/−) mice, we recognized molecular alterations associated with the tissue phenotypes. We identified dysregulation of ECM components including thrombospondin-1, lysyl oxidase, and lumican in the skin of Col5a1+/− mice when compared with control. We also identified upregulation of transforming growth factor β1 (Tgf-β) in serum and increased expression of pSmad2 in skin from Col5a1+/− mice, suggesting Tgf-β dysregulation is a contributor to abnormal wound healing and atrophic scarring seen in classic EDS. Together, these findings support altered matrix to cell signaling as a component of the pathogenesis of the tissue phenotype in classic EDS and point out potential downstream signaling pathways that may be targeted for the treatment of this disease.
Shared genetic liability and causal effects between major depressive disorder and insomnia
Authors: Baranova Ancha , Cao Hongbao , Zhang Fuquan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeciphering the genetic relationships between major depressive disorder (MDD) and insomnia may facilitate understanding biological mechanisms as well as inform more effective treatment regimens for these conditions. Here, we attempted to investigate mechanisms underlying relationships between MDD and insomnia in the context of shared genetic variations. Shared genetic variation was evaluated by polygenic analysis. In two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, causal relationships between MDD and insomnia were investigated; the list of shared genomic loci was identified using cross-trait meta-analysis. Putatively causal genes for the two diseases were prioritized by fine-mapping of transcriptome-wide associations. Polygenic analysis identified 15.1 thousand variants as causally influencing MDD, and 10.8 thousand variants as influencing insomnia. Among these variants, 8.5 thousand were shared between the two diseases. MR analysis suggests that genetic liability to MDD and to insomnia have mutual causal effects [MDD on insomnia with odds ratio (OR) = 1.25 and insomnia on MDD with OR = 2.23]. Cross-trait meta-analyses identified 89 genomic loci as being shared between MDD and insomnia, with some of them being prioritized as causal in subsequent fine-mapping of transcriptome-wide association signals. Analysis highlights possible role of endogenous production of nitric oxide in the brain, and the gonadotropic secretion in the pituitary as possibly physiological connectors of MDD and insomnia. Here, we show a substantial shared genetic liability and mutual causal links between MDD and insomnia. Presented findings provide novel insight into phenotypic relationship between these two interconnected conditions.
Local recruitment of Atlantic cod and putative source spawning areas in a coastal seascape
Authors: Synnes Ann-Elin Wårøy , Huserbråten Mats , Knutsen Halvor , Jorde Per Erik , Sodeland Marte , Moland Even 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Increased knowledge on connectivity is crucial to our understanding of the population dynamics, genetic structure, and biogeography of many coastal species. In coastal marine populations, the main factor for structuring is thought to be the degree of isolation and confinement, limiting genetic exchange between populations. However, many offshore populations use the coastal areas as nursery grounds, but venture back to natal spawning grounds as adults. Therefore, increased knowledge on the connectivity between coastal and offshore populations is crucial to ensure correct assessment of coastal living resources. Here, we combine genetic assignment data of Atlantic cod recruits sampled in 2017 and 2018 (as 0- and 1-group cod, respectively) in outer Oslofjord (eastern Skagerrak) with a biophysical model for the Skagerrak region over the time period from spawning to settlement in 2017. We located the most probable spawning locations of Atlantic cod recruits by “back-tracking” larval drift trajectories and found putative source areas on both sides of the outer Oslofjord, as well as potential upstream sources in the North Sea and Kattegat. Findings are discussed with regards to suitable management strategies and potential for restoration of coastal cod populations.
Using local ecological knowledge to inform semi-quantitative fishery surveillance indicators: an example in marine recreational angling
Authors: Shephard Samuel , Ryan Diarmuid , O'Reilly Paul , Roche Willie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSmall scale and recreational fisheries often lack quantitative monitoring, highlighting potential for other reproducible ways of understanding state. The Fisher's Local Ecological Knowledge Surveillance Indicator (FLEKSI) method was developed here to express user's LEK as semi-quantitative fishery SI. FLEKSI was tested using an online questionnaire disseminated in 2021 to capture angler's knowledge of changing marine recreational fisheries around Ireland (Celtic Seas ecoregion). Sets of Likert questions evaluated four fishery descriptors (species, community, catch, and effort). Respondents were asked to report the subregion (Irish Sea, Celtic Sea, or West Coast) in which they usually fish, and the duration (y) of their angling “career.” Likert scores were reported as diverging bar charts, providing SI values that could be evaluated at different spatial or temporal scales. Respondents (N = 657) reported careers of up to &gt; 41 years. ICES assessments of Celtic Seas demersal fish stocks targeted by anglers provide series of SSB/SSBBtrigger against which the FLEKSI SI were compared. FLEKSI suggested long term decline in all four fishery descriptors, and statistical analysis showed that this trend matched ICES assessment outputs averaged across target stocks of cod, pollack, whiting, and sea bass. FLEKSI provides a standardized framework for integrating user's ways of knowing into fishery monitoring.
Early signs of geographic spread of COVID-19: lessons learnt from outbreaks in Wuhan 2020 and Nanjing 2021
Authors: Xue Shan , Hua Yiwen , Lei Yanhui , Kong Lingcai , Zhou Menghan , Fan Lijun , Du Wei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Knowing the spatiotemporal pattern of the early geographic spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) would inform the preparedness for a possible recurrence of COVID-19.

Methods
We ascertained the number of confirmed cases during the early spread of COVID-19 during the Wuhan outbreak in 2020 and the Nanjing outbreak in 2021.

Results
We observed a speeding-up pattern of geographic spread, in particular to cities of no particular orientation then outflowing to commercial cities during the first month of both the Wuhan and Nanjing outbreaks.

Conclusion
Re-emergence of COVID-19 indicates it is becoming endemic, with new outbreaks and a risk of increased transmission remaining a challenge to local public health institutions. Social distancing and lockdowns should continue in response to any potential widespread and focal outbreaks.
BRCA1 Variant Assessment Using a Simple Analytic Assay
Authors: Kim Daniel M , Feilotter Harriet E , Davey Scott K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
We previously developed a biological assay to accurately predict BRCA1 (BRCA1 DNA repair associated) mutation status, based on gene expression profiles of Epstein–Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. The original work was done using whole genome expression microarrays, and nearest shrunken centroids analysis. While these approaches are appropriate for model building, they are difficult to implement clinically, where more targeted testing and analysis are required for time and cost savings.

Methods
Here, we describe adaptation of the original predictor to use the NanoString nCounter platform for testing, with analysis based on the k-top scoring pairs (k-TSP) method.

Results
Assessing gene expression using the nCounter platform on a set of lymphoblastoid cell lines yielded 93.8% agreement with the microarray-derived data, and 87.5% overall correct classification of BRCA1 carriers and controls. Using the original gene expression microarray data used to develop our predictor with nearest shrunken centroids, we rebuilt a classifier based on the k-TSP method. This classifier relies on the relative expression of 10 pairs of genes, compared to the original 43 identified by nearest shrunken centroids (NSC), and was 96.2% concordant with the original training set prediction, with a 94.3% overall correct classification of BRCA1 carriers and controls.

Conclusions
The k-TSP classifier was shown to accurately predict BRCA1 status using data generated on the nCounter platform and is feasible for initiating a clinical validation.
Blood Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) Concentrations following Intensive Use of an Alcohol-based Hand Sanitizer
Authors: Reisfield Gary M , Teitelbaum Scott A , Jones Joseph T , Mason Dana , Bleiweis Max , Lewis Ben 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Alcohol use disorders are prevalent in the USA and throughout the world. Monitoring for alcohol abstinence is useful in several clinical and forensic contexts. The direct alcohol biomarkers have the requisite sensitivity and specificity for abstinence monitoring. The relatively new direct biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth), measured in blood, is gaining increasing acceptance in monitoring abstinence from beverage alcohol consumption, but there remains little research addressing the potential for PEth formation consequent to incidental alcohol exposures. In the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, high-alcohol content hand sanitizer is a particularly important source of nonbeverage alcohol exposure. To assess the extent of alcohol absorption and subsequent formation of blood PEth related to intensive use of high alcohol content hand sanitizer, we recruited 15 participants to use a 70% ethyl alcohol-based hand sanitizer 24–100 times daily, for 12–13 consecutive days. Blood was analyzed for PEth 16:0/18:1 by liquid chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry. Our hypothesis that blood PEth concentrations would fail to reach a 20 ng/mL threshold was confirmed. This work adds to the nascent literature on the effects of incidental alcohol exposures on blood PEth formation.
What Does it Mean to Say that the Court of Justice is not a Human Rights Institution? A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Dawson Mark 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
What role does the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) and EU law play in elaborating the rights and principles embodied by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)? Over the last 20 years, human (or ‘fundamental’) rights have become a constant part of the way the CJEU interprets and applies EU law. In a period where fundamental rights and values are increasingly under threat both globally and in Europe, judicial institutions remain an important last bastion of protection. Commenting on Judge Rosas’ (2007) observation that the CJEU is not in fact a human rights Court, three critical questions are derived: The first question is the most related to this special issue. What does the development of the CJEU—an institution with human rights responsibilities—mean for general international human rights law? The second takes up Judge Rosas’ observation that the CJEU, unlike the Strasbourg Court, has extensive judicial responsibilities beyond human rights. What does the development of EU human rights law mean for EU law more broadly? Finally, if Judge Rosas is right that the CJEU is not a human rights Court, what does that mean for its relationship to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the other organs of the Council of Europe? In answer to this last question, the article cautiously advances the argument that the very fact that the CJEU is not a human rights Court implies a more robust role than Judge Rosas suggests for external review of EU law by international human rights bodies.
Twenty-Five Years on: Trauma, Peacebuilding and Lessons from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Katila Anna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis review essay assesses two new books which will be of particular interest to human rights and peacebuilding practitioners working in post-conflict settings: Ann Petrila and Hasan Hasanović’s Voices from Srebrenica: Survivor Narratives of the Bosnian Genocide and Healing and Peacebuilding after War: Transforming Trauma in Bosnia and Herzegovina, edited by Julianne Funk, Nancy Good, and Marie E. Berry.
Active Music Therapy Following Acute Stroke: A Single-Arm Repeated Measures Study
Authors: Rushing Jessica , Capilouto Gilson , Dressler Emily V , Gooding Lori F , Lee Jessica , Olson Anne 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Experiencing a stroke can lead to difficulties with emotion regulation and mood disorders like depression. It is well documented that poststroke depression (PSD) affects a third of all stroke survivors. Higher levels of depression and depressive symptoms are associated with less efficient use of rehabilitation services, poor functional outcomes, negative impacts on social participation, and increased mortality. Mood in the acute phases of stroke recovery may be a key factor influencing the depression trajectory with early depression predicting poor longitudinal outcomes. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of one active music therapy (AMT) treatment on mood following a first-time ischemic stroke during acute hospitalization. Forty-four adults received AMT defined as music-making interventions that elicit and encourage active participation. The Faces Scale was used to assess mood immediately prior to and following the treatment. A significant change in mood was found following one treatment. Comment analysis indicated that participants viewed music therapy as a positive experience. Findings here support the use of brief AMT to provide early psychological support to stroke survivors. Continued investigation into the role of music therapy in early stroke recovery is recommended.