bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (Prevenar13®) in Preventing Acquisition of Carriage of Pneumococcal Vaccine Serotypes in Tanzanian Children With HIV/AIDS
Authors: Makenga Geofrey , Mtove George , Yin J. Kevin , Mziray Abubakary , Bwana Veneranda M. , Kisinza William , Mjema Julius , Amos Ben , Antony Laura , Shingadia Delane , Oftadeh Shahin , Booy Robert 
Published: June 2021

In every year, up to one million children die due to pneumococcal disease. Children infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are mostly affected, as they appear to have higher rates of pneumococcal carriage and invasive disease. Successful immunity is dependent on mounting a sufficient immune response to the vaccine. We conducted a double blinded crossover randomised controlled trial to determine the serum antibody response (≥4-fold and geometric mean concentration) to pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) serotypes at 3 months after second vaccination. We also determined the number and proportion of children carrying new (not present at baseline) vaccine serotypes of S. pneumoniae isolated from nasopharynx at 6 months post initial vaccination in recipients of Prevenar13® compared with those given Haemophilus influenzae-type b (Hib) vaccine (control). The study was conducted at St Augustine's also known as Teule Hospital in Muheza, Tanga Tanzania. 225 HIV infected children aged 1-14 years were enrolled from Jan 2013 to Nov 2013 and randomised to Prevenar13® or Hib vaccines each given at baseline and 2-3 months later. Nasopharyngeal and serum samples were collected at baseline and 4-6 months later. Serotyping was done by Quellung Reaction using Staten antisera. Serum antibodies were ELISA quantified. The study revealed a non-significant reduction in the acquisition of new vaccine serotypes of S. pneumoniae in the recipients of PCV13 by nearly a third compared to those who received Hib vaccine. The vaccine efficacy was 30.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] –6.4-54.6%, P = 0.100)]. The antibody response was not enough to induce a 4-fold rise in GMC in 7 of the 13 vaccine serotypes. When combining the effects of preventing new acquisition and clearing existing vaccine type carriage, the overall efficacy was 31.5% (95% CI 1.5-52.4%, P = 0.045). In the PCV13 group, the proportion of participants carrying vaccine serotype was significantly lower after 2 doses of PCV13 (30%; 32/107), compared with the baseline proportion (48%; 51/107). The introduction of PCV13 targeting HIV-positive children in a setting similar to Tanzania is likely to be associated with appreciable decrease in the acquisition and carriage of pneumococci, which is an important marker of the likely effect of the vaccine on pneumococcal disease.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=335579, identifier ACTRN12610000999033.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Findings in 541 Patients With Clinically Isolated Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis: A Monocentric Study
Authors: Berek Klaus , Bsteh Gabriel , Auer Michael , Di Pauli Franziska , Zinganell Anne , Berger Thomas , Deisenhammer Florian , Hegen Harald 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundReports on typical routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings are outdated owing to novel reference limits (RL) and revised diagnostic criteria of Multiple Sclerosis (MS).ObjectiveTo assess routine CSF parameters in MS patients and the frequency of pathologic findings by applying novel RL.MethodsCSF white blood cells (WBC), CSF total protein (CSF-TP), CSF/serum albumin quotient (Qalb), intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins (Ig) A, M and G, oligoclonal IgG bands (OCB) were determined in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and MS.ResultsOf 541 patients 54% showed CSF pleocytosis with a WBC count up to 40/μl. CSF cytology revealed lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in 99%, 41% and 9% of patients. CSF-TP and Qalb were increased in 19% and 7% applying age-corrected RL as opposed to 34% and 26% with conventional RL. Quantitative intrathecal IgG, IgA and IgM synthesis were present in 65%, 14% and 21%; OCB in 95% of patients. WBC were higher in relapsing than progressive MS and predicted, together with monocytes, the conversion from CIS to clinically definite MS. Intrathecal IgG fraction was highest in secondary progressive MS.ConclusionsCSF profile in MS varies across disease courses. Blood-CSF-barrier dysfunction and intrathecal IgA/IgM synthesis are less frequent when the novel RL are applied.
Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Grade IV Steroid Refractory GI-GvHD Patients: Interim Results From FMT2017002 Trial
Authors: Zhao Ye , Li Xuewei , Zhou Yujing , Gao Jin , Jiao Yang , Zhu Baoli , Wu Depei , Qi Xiaofei 
Published: June 2021

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a major cause of post-allo-HSCT (hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) morbidity and mortality. Patients with steroid-refractory GI-GvHD have a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. FMT2017002 trial (#NCT03148743) was a non-randomized, open-label, phase I/II clinical study of FMT for treating patients with grade IV steroid-refractory GI-GvHD. A total of 55 patients with steroid-refractory GI-GvHD were enrolled in this study. Forty-one patients with grade IV steroid-refractory GI-GvHD were included in the final statistical analysis. Of them, 23 patients and 18 patients were assigned to the FMT group and the control group, respectively. On days 14 and 21 after FMT, clinical remission was significantly greater in the FMT group than in the control group. Within a follow-up period of 90 days, the FMT group showed a better overall survival (OS). At the end of the study, the median survival time was &gt;539 days in the FMT group and 107 days in the control group (HR=3.51; 95% CI, 1.21–10.17; p=0.021). Both the event-free survival time (EFS) (HR=2.3, 95% CI, 0.99–5.4; p=0.08) and OS (HR=4.4, 95% CI, 1.5–13.04; p=0.008) were higher in the FMT group during the follow-up period. Overall, the mortality rate was lower in the FMT group (HR=3.97; 95% CI, 1.34–11.75; p=0.013). No differences in the occurrence of any other side effects were observed. Our data suggest that the diversity of the intestinal microbiota could be affected by allo-HSCT. Although its effectiveness and safety need further evaluation, FMT may serve as a therapeutic option for grade IV steroid-refractory GI-GvHD.Clinical Trial Registration[ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT03148743].
Comparison of POC-CCA with Kato-Katz in Diagnosing Schistosoma mansoni Infection in a Pediatric L-Praziquantel Clinical Trial
Authors: Yin Xiaoyan , N’Goran Eliézer K. , Ouattara Mamadou , Aka NAD. , Diakité Nana R. , Bassa Fidèle K. , Kourany-Lefoll Elly , Tappert Aliona , Yalkinoglu Özkan , Huber Eric , Bezuidenhout Deon , Bagchus Wilhelmina M. , Hayward Brooke 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionTraditionallySchistosoma mansoniinfection is diagnosed by the Kato-Katz method. Thick smears from each stool sample are prepared on slides and eggs are counted microscopically. Commercially available point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) cassette tests detect schistosomiasis antigens from urine samples in 20 minutes. POC-CCA results are qualitative or semi-quantitative: signal intensity is an indicator of the amount of worm antigens in the sample. Both methods were used in a phase II trial investigating the efficacy and safety of new pediatric formulations of praziquantel (PZQ) among children ≤6 years (NCT02806232). This secondary analysis evaluated the consistency of results between the Kato-Katz and POC-CCA methods.MethodsPOC-CCA was used to pre-screen forS. mansoniinfection. Children with positive results were tested by the Kato-Katz method, and those with positive Kato-Katz results (&gt;1 egg/1 occurrence) were enrolled. Participants (N=444) were treated with different formulations and doses of PZQ. POC-CCA and Kato-Katz were performed at 2–3 weeks after treatment to evaluate drug efficacy. Cure rate (CR) was defined as the proportion of participants with a negative result per POC-CCA, or no eggs in the stool samples per Kato-Katz. Kappa statistic was used to assess the agreement on cure status, and Spearman correlation between POC-CCA positivity and Kato-Katz egg counts was evaluated. Sensitivity and specificity of POC-CCA were calculated using Kato-Katz as a reference standard.ResultsCR per POC-CCA, measured 2–3 weeks after treatment, was 52% [95% confidence interval (CI): 48%, 57%] across all treatment arms except in infants aged 3–12 months. CR per Kato-Katz was 83% (95% CI: 79%, 87%). Kappa statistic was 0.16 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.23), indicating that the agreement was slightly better than by chance. Relative to Kato-Katz, POC-CCA’s sensitivity to detect infection was 70% and specificity was 57%. Spearman correlation coefficient between POC-CCA positivity and Kato-Katz egg counts was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.34).ConclusionPOC-CCA is sensitive and rapid for diagnosingS. mansoniinfection, but its performance and consistency with Kato-Katz requires further investigation among young children.
Clinical Features of Patients With Progressive Supranuclear Palsy in an US Insurance Claims Database
Authors: Viscidi Emma , Litvan Irene , Dam Tien , Juneja Maneesh , Li Li , Krzywy Henry , Eaton Susan , Hall Susan , Kupferman Joseph , Höglinger Günter U. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy is a rare neurodegenerative movement disorder and little is known about its epidemiology.Objective: Estimate age-adjusted prevalence of progressive supranuclear palsy and describe antecedent diagnoses and progressive supranuclear palsy patient features in the 5 years before first diagnostic code.Methods: In a nested case-control study in the IBM MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Databases, a large set of US insurance databases containing medical service and prescription drug claims from employer-based commercial and Medicare supplemental health insurance plans, progressive supranuclear palsy cases (identified via International Statistical Classification of Diseases 9th/10th revision codes) and controls were included if enrollment was ≥1 month in the study period (October 1, 2015–October 31, 2017). Two controls with no diagnosis codes for PSP were matched to cases on birth year, sex, enrollment time in the database, and pharmacy benefit eligibility. Controls were assigned a randomly selected index date from their eligibility period. Prevalence of progressive supranuclear palsy was estimated in 2016 among patients with ≥1 month of continuous enrollment in that year. Prevalence ratios for comorbidities (claim/diagnosis codes) were examined in the ≤ 5 years before index date (first progressive supranuclear palsy claim date).Results: Age-adjusted progressive supranuclear palsy prevalence was 2.95/100,000 in 2016. The most common diagnosis codes in cases vs. controls in the 5 years pre-index were gait abnormalities (79.3 vs. 21.8%), pain in joint (54.9 vs. 36.0%), Parkinson's disease (54.6 vs. 1.0%), fatigue (49.8 vs. 21.6%), and cerebrovascular disease (45.6 vs. 16.4%).Conclusions: In this large database analysis, based on preliminary analyses, the prevalence of diagnosed progressive supranuclear palsy was 2.95/100,000, which is lower than many prior studies. Typical symptoms suggestive of progressive supranuclear palsy were present before index date, indicating a potential delay in time to diagnosis. The identification of diagnostic codes for clinical features of progressive supranuclear palsy that occurred before index date may be used to develop predictive models to identify potential progressive supranuclear palsy patients earlier in their disease course.
Dietary Moutan Cortex Radicis Improves Serum Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Immunity and Alters Colonic Microbiota in Weaned Piglets
Authors: Bai Miaomiao , Liu Hongnan , Wang Shanshan , Shu Qingyan , Xu Kang , Zhou Jian , Xiong Xia , Huang Ruilin , Deng Jinping , Yin Yulong , Liu Zheng'an 
Published: June 2021

Background:Moutan cortex radicis (MCR), as a common traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used as an antipyretic, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory agent in China.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary MCR supplementation on the antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of the pigs and to explore whether MCR exerts positive effects on intestinal health via regulating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and intestinal microbiota.Methods: MCR powder was identified by LC-MS analysis. Selected 32 weaned piglets (21 d of age, 6.37 ± 0.10 kg average BW) were assigned (8 pens/diet, 1 pig/pen) to 4 groups and fed with a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 mg/kg MCR for 21 d. After the piglets were sacrificed, antioxidant indices, histomorphology examination, and inflammatory signaling pathway expression were assessed. The 16s RNA sequencing was used to analyze the effects of MCR on the intestinal microbiota structure of piglets.Results: Supplemental 4,000 mg/kg MCR significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) the average daily weight gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), total antioxidative capability, colonic short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations, and the crypt depth in the jejunum but decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the mRNA expression levels of interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, inhibiting kappa-B kinase β (IKKβ), inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-B (IκBα), and NF-κB in the jejunum and ileum. Microbiota sequencing identified that MCR supplementation significantly increased the microbial richness indices (Chao1, ACE, and observed species, P &lt; 0.05) and the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus (P &lt; 0.05), decreased the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, unidentified_Lachnospiraceae, and Enterococcus (P &lt; 0.05) and had no significant effects on the diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson, P &gt; 0.05). Microbial metabolic phenotypes analysis also showed that the richness of aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria, oxidative stress tolerance, and biofilm forming were significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05), and the richness of anaerobic bacteria and pathogenic potential of gut microbiota were reduced (P &lt; 0.05) by MCR treatment. Regression analysis showed that the optimal MCR supplemental level for growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of weaned piglets was 3,420 ~ 4,237 mg/kg.Conclusions: MCR supplementation improved growth performance and serum antioxidant capacity, and alleviated intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the IKKβ/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway and affecting intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets.
Integrated Analysis of Genomic and Immunological Features in Lung Adenocarcinoma With Micropapillary Component
Authors: Zhang Shirong , Xu Yang , Zhao Pan , Bao Hua , Wang Xiyong , Liu Rui , Xu Rujun , Xiang Jingjing , Jiang Hong , Yan Junrong , Wu Xue , Shao Yang , Liang Jiafeng , Wu Qiong , Zhang Zhihao , Lu Shun , Ma Shenglin 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundMicropapillary adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive histologic subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC), and even a minor proportion of micropapillary component (MPC) within the LADC could contribute to poor prognosis. Comprehensive analysis of genetic and immunological features of LADC with different percentages of MPC would help better understand cancer biology of this LADC subtype and direct future treatments.MethodsWe performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) for a discovery cohort of 43 LADC patients whose tumors were micro-dissected to separate MPC and non-MPC lesions and a reference cohort of 113 LADC patients. MPC-enriched genetic alterations that were detected in the discovery cohort were then confirmed using a validation cohort of 183 LADC patients. Immunological staining was also conducted on the MPC-containing samples in the discovery cohort.ResultsTumors with a higher percentage of MPC tended to harbor more tumor mutation burdens (TMBs) and chromosome instability (CIN). Some rare genetic events may serve as the genetic landscape to drive micropapillary tumor progression. Specifically, alterations in transcription termination factor 1 (TTF1), brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 3 (BAI3), mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) were cross-validated to be enriched in MPC-contained LADC. Additionally, tumors with a higher percentage of MPC were associated with a higher percentage of CD4+, CD8+, and PD-L1+ staining, and some genetic changes that were enriched in MPC, including MET amplification and MTOR mutation, were correlated with increased PD-L1 expression.ConclusionWe identified multiple novel MPC-enriched genetic changes that could help us understand the nature of this aggressive cancer subtype. High MPC tumors tended to have elevated levels of TMBs, T cell infiltration, and immunosuppression than low MPC tumors, implying the potential link between MPC content and sensitivity to immunotherapy.
Total Lesion Glycolysis Estimated by a Radiomics Model From CT Image Alone
Authors: Si Hongwei , Hao Xinzhong , Zhang Lianyu , Xu Xiaokai , Cao Jianzhong , Wu Ping , Li Li , Wu Zhifang , Zhang Shengyang , Li Sijin 
Published: June 2021

PurposeIn this study, total lesion glycolysis (TLG) on positron emission tomography images was estimated by a trained and validated CT radiomics model, and its prognostic ability was explored among lung cancer (LC) and esophageal cancer patients (EC).MethodsUsing the identical features between the combined and thin-section CT, the estimation model of SUVsum (summed standard uptake value) was trained from the lymph nodes (LNs) of LC patients (n = 1239). Besides LNs of LC patients from other centers, the validation cohorts also included LNs and primary tumors of LC/EC from the same center. After calculating TLG (accumulated SUVsum of each individual) based on the model, the prognostic ability of the estimated and measured values was compared and analyzed.ResultsIn the training cohort, the model of 3 features was trained by the deep learning and linear regression method. It performed well in all validation cohorts (n = 5), and a linear regression could correct the bias from different scanners. Additionally, the absolute biases of the model were not significantly affected by the evaluated factors whether they included LN metastasis or not. Between the estimated natural logarithm of TLG (elnTLG) and the measured values (mlnTLG), significant difference existed among both LC (n = 137, bias = 0.510 ± 0.519, r = 0.956, P&lt;0.001) and EC patients (n = 56, bias = 0.251± 0.463, r = 0.934, P&lt;0.001). However, for both cancers, the overall shapes of the curves of hazard ratio (HR) against elnTLG or mlnTLG were quite alike.ConclusionTotal lesion glycolysis can be estimated by three CT features with particular coefficients for different scanners, and it similar to the measured values in predicting the outcome of cancer patients.
Analisis Kekuatan Material Karet 79-81 D Akibat Pengaruh Kelenturan
Authors: Weriono  
Published: June 2021

Karet mempunyai elastisitas dan ketahanannya yang cukup tinggi dan salah satu yang paling serbaguna dalam bahan teknik, Bahan ini merupakan pilihan yang sangat baik untuk komponen pengikat, penyekat dan anti getaran praktis. Perilakunya terhadap waktu menjadi masalah yang tidak diinginkan dalam aplikasi. Ketika regangan konstan diterapkan pada bahan karet, tegangan diatur secara bertahan dan menurun seiring berjalannya waktu yang dikenal sebagai relaksasi stres.
Simulasi dengan menggunakan software Ansys terhadap lembaran karet mempunyai lebar 30 mm, 40 mm dan 50 mm. Untuk pemrosesan analisa dilakukan constrain searah sumbu – X, Y dan Z (all dof) pada daerah yang tidak mengalami pengaruh gaya gravitasi ke lembaran karet. Strip karet 30 mm dengan pemberian beban gaya gravitasi 20,4 grm (0,0204 kg) pengukuran pada panjang 100 mm, 40 mm beban gaya gravitasi 2,72 grm (0,0272 kg), 50 mm beban gaya gravitasi 3,40 grm (0,0340 kg).
Kelenturan lembaran karet hardness 79 – 81 D dengan ukuran lebar 50 mm tebal 6,8 mm lebih lentur sebesar 7,8 mm, simulasi 8,049 mm dan tegangan maksimum sebesar 2,571 M.Pa dari pada lebar 30 mm dan lebar 40 mm. Tegangam maksimum mendekati tumpuan yang diberikan dan kelenturan lembaran karet terjadi pada 50% daerah dari titik terberat lembaran karet.
Perilaku Daya Dukung Grup Pondasi Tiang Bersirip Pada Tanah Lunak
Authors: Trisnawati Lisa , Fatnanta Ferry , Yusa Muhamad 
Published: June 2021

Seiring dengan kemajuan ilmu dan teknologi, modifikasi pada bentuk dan perhitungan daya dukung fondasi tiang pancang terus berkembang. Banyak ditemukan jenis ataupun bentuk-bentuk dari fondasi tiang pancang yang sudah dimodifikasi, salah satunya yaitu dengan penambahan sirip pada fondasi tiang polos. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji perilaku daya dukung fondasi grup tiang sirip dengan variasi jumlah tiang pada tanah lunak, sehingga dapat diketahui perbandingan antara daya dukung fondasi grup tiang sirip dengan fondasi grup tiang polos serta dapat diketahui perbandingan nilai efisiensi antara fondasi grup tiang sirip dengan tiang polos. Hasil analisis diperoleh perilaku daya dukung fondasi grup tiang sirip dengan variasi jumlah tiang 3T, 4T, 5T, 6T dan 8T memiliki kesamaan yaitu pada akhir kurva masih menunjukkan bahwa pada akhir penurunan masih terjadi peningkatan beban. Hal ini terjadi karena daya dukung friction dan end bearing yang dihasilkan fondasi, dengan keberadaan sirip meningkatkan daya dukung end bearing fondasi. Sedangkan untuk model fondasi grup tiang polos menunjukkan daya dukung fondasi didominasi oleh friction. Daya dukung ultimate fondasi grup tiang sirip mempunyai daya dukung yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan fondasi grup tiang polos. Peningkatan daya dukungnya mencapai 28,88 % untuk variasi 3T, 53.11 % untuk variasi 4T, 36,18 % untuk 5T, 25,49 % untuk 6T dan 23,33 % untuk 8T. Fondasi grup tiang sirip dengan variasi jumlah tiang 8 memiliki daya dukung ultimate terbesar yaitu 108,1 N dan yang terkecil fondasi grup tiang polos dengan variasi jumlah tiang 3 yaitu 47,23 N. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, efisiensi tertinggi ada pada fondasi tiang polos variasi 3T yaitu sebesar 3,15 dan terkecil 0,33 ada pada tiang sirip variasi 8T, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh peningkatan tekanan air pori di sekitar tiang akibat adanya penambahan sirip.