bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serial transverse enteroplasty and nipple valve construction, two life saving techniques for patients with short bowel syndrome, a report of 5 cases
Authors: Shafiekhani Mojtaba , Azadeh Nazanin , Ashrafzadeh Kiarash , Esmaeili Maryam , Nikoupour Hamed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Various abdominal pathologies end up with surgical resection of small intestine. When the small intestine remnant is too short for adequate fluid and micronutrients absorption, short bowel syndrome is diagnosed. The disabling condition needs a multidisciplinary approach to design parenteral nutrition, care for thrombotic, hepatic and infectious complications and gradually wean the patient from parenteral nutrition. Various surgical techniques have been introduced to increase absorptive mucosa and enhance the intestinal adaptation process. Serial transverse enteroplasty and nipple valve reconstruction are among the procedures, which will be discussed in the current article.

Case presentation
Herein, we presented 5 cases of short bowel syndrome as a consequence of abdominal laparotomies, patients were referred to our center to receive parenteral nutrition and to be prepared for the final autologous gastrointestinal reconstruction or intestinal transplantation, if indicated.

Conclusion
Patient’s age, performance status and bowel remnant length determines the appropriate technique for autologous gastrointestinal reconstruction. Serial transverse enteroplasty is designed to increase bowel’s length by creating zigzag patterns through dilated bowel loops. Presence of ileocecal valve is crucial to delay intestinal transit time and to prevent colonic bacterial transfer to ileum. Patient’s with ileocecal valve loss benefit from creating an artificial valve, namely, nipple valve.
Paradoxical sex-specific patterns of autoantibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Liu Yunxian , Ebinger Joseph E. , Mostafa Rowann , Budde Petra , Gajewski Jana , Walker Brian , Joung Sandy , Wu Min , Bräutigam Manuel , Hesping Franziska , Rupieper Elena , Schubert Ann-Sophie , Zucht Hans-Dieter , Braun Jonathan , Melmed Gil Y. , Sobhani Kimia , Arditi Moshe , Van Eyk Jennifer E. , Cheng Susan , Fert-Bober Justyna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Pronounced sex differences in the susceptibility and response to SARS-CoV-2 infection remain poorly understood. Emerging evidence has highlighted the potential importance of autoimmune activation in modulating the acute response and recovery trajectories following SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Given that immune-inflammatory activity can be sex-biased in the setting of severe COVID-19 illness, the aim of the study was to examine sex-specific autoimmune reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of extreme clinical disease.

Methods
In this study, we assessed autoantibody (AAB) reactivity to 91 autoantigens previously linked to a range of classic autoimmune diseases in a cohort of 177 participants (65% women, 35% men, mean age of 35) with confirmed evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection based on presence of antibody to the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2. Data were compared to 53 pre-pandemic healthy controls (49% women, 51% men). For each participant, socio-demographic data, serological analyses, SARS-CoV-2 infection status and COVID-19 related symptoms were collected by an electronic survey of questions. The symptoms burden score was constructed based on the total number of reported symptoms (N = 21) experienced within 6 months prior to the blood draw, wherein a greater number of symptoms corresponded to a higher score and assigned as more severe burden.

Results
In multivariable analyses, we observed sex-specific patterns of autoreactivity associated with the presence or absence (as well as timing and clustering of symptoms) associated with prior COVID-19 illness. Whereas the overall AAB response was more prominent in women following asymptomatic infection, the breadth and extent of AAB reactivity was more prominent in men following at least mildly symptomatic infection. Notably, the observed reactivity included distinct antigens with molecular homology with SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion
Our results reveal that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, even in the absence of severe clinical disease, can lead to a broad AAB response that exhibits sex-specific patterns of prevalence and antigen selectivity. Further understanding of the nature of triggered AAB activation among men and women exposed to SARS-CoV-2 will be essential for developing effective interventions against immune-mediated sequelae of COVID-19.
Fatigue and recovery have different effects on knee biomechanics of drop vertical jump between female collegiate and recreational athletes
Authors: Harato Kengo , Morishige Yutaro , Niki Yasuo , Kobayashi Shu , Nagura Takeo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Although fatigue is known as one of the risk factors for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury, the effects of fatigue and recovery can be different based on the level of competition. However, it is unknown whether female recreational athletes are susceptible to fatigue or not, compared to female collegiate athletes with greater physical activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine and clarify the effects of fatigue and recovery on knee biomechanics of the drop vertical jump (DVJ) in female recreational athletes compared to female collegiate athletes.

Methods
Fifteen female collegiate athletes and ten female recreational athletes were enrolled in the current study. All subjects were basketball players and Tegner activity scales were level 9 and 7, respectively. They performed DVJ before and after the fatigue protocol. Three-dimensional knee kinematics and kinetics were collected during landing phase of DVJ. The data after the fatigue protocol (first, second, and third DVJs) were compared with those before the protocol using one-way repeated measures of analysis of variance in each group.

Results
Fatigue caused significant increase of knee abduction angle at initial contact (IC) and peak abduction moments within 40 ms from IC in female recreational athletes, whereas no increases of these parameters were observed in female collegiate athletes. Moreover, recovery from fatigue seemed to be more slowly in female recreational athletes than in female collegiate athletes as smaller knee flexion moment was observed even in post-fatigue third DVJ only for female recreational athletes.

Conclusions
Effects of fatigue on DVJ were significantly greater and continued for a longer duration in female recreational athletes compared to female collegiate athletes.
The effect of passive mobilization associated with blood flow restriction and combined with electrical stimulation on cardiorespiratory safety, neuromuscular adaptations, physical function, and quality of life in comatose patients in an ICU: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: de Campos Biazon Thaís Marina Pires , Libardi Cleiton Augusto , Junior Jose Carlos Bonjorno , Caruso Flávia Rossi , da Silva Destro Tamara Rodrigues , Molina Naiara Garcia , Borghi-Silva Audrey , Mendes Renata Gonçalves 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Intensive care unit-acquired atrophy and weakness are associated with high mortality, a reduction in physical function, and quality of life. Passive mobilization (PM) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation were applied in comatose patients; however, evidence is inconclusive regarding atrophy and weakness prevention. Blood flow restriction (BFR) associated with PM (BFRp) or with electrical stimulation (BFRpE) was able to reduce atrophy and increase muscle mass in spinal cord-injured patients, respectively. Bulky venous return occurs after releasing BFR, which can cause unknown repercussions on the cardiovascular system. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BFRp and BFRpE on cardiovascular safety and applicability, neuromuscular adaptations, physical function, and quality of life in comatose patients in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods
Thirty-nine patients will be assessed at baseline (T0–18 h of coma) and randomly assigned to the PM (control group), BFRp, or BFRpE groups. The training protocol will be applied in both legs alternately, twice a day with a 4-h interval until coma awake, death, or ICU discharge. Cardiovascular safety and applicability will be evaluated at the first training session (T1). At T0 and 12 h after the last session (T2), muscle thickness and quality will be assessed. Global muscle strength and physical function will be assessed 12 h after T2 and ICU and hospital discharge for those who wake up from coma. Six and 12 months after hospital discharge, physical function and quality of life will be re-assessed.

Discussion
In view of applicability, the data will be used to inform the design and sample size of a prospective trial to clarify the effect of BFRpE on preventing muscle atrophy and weakness and to exert the greatest beneficial effects on physical function and quality of life compared to BFRp in comatose patients in the ICU.

Trial registration
Universal Trial Number (UTN) Registry UTN U1111-1241-4344. Retrospectively registered on 2 October 2019. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBec) RBR-2qpyxf. Retrospectively registered on 21 January 2020, http://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-2qpyxf/
The deuce-ace of Lassa Fever, Ebola virus disease and COVID-19 simultaneous infections and epidemics in West Africa: clinical and public health implications
Authors: Nnaji Nnabueze Darlington , Onyeaka Helen , Reuben Rine Christopher , Uwishema Olivier , Olovo Chinasa Valerie , Anyogu Amarachukwu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlobally, the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented clinical and public health concerns with increasing morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the burden of COVID-19 in Africa has been further exacerbated by the simultaneous epidemics of Ebola virus disease (EVD) and Lassa Fever (LF) which has created a huge burden on African healthcare systems. As Africa struggles to contain the spread of the second (and third) waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of reported cases of LF is also increasing, and recently, new outbreaks of EVD. Before the pandemic, many of Africa’s frail healthcare systems were already overburdened due to resource limitations in staffing and infrastructure, and also, multiple endemic tropical diseases. However, the shared epidemiological and pathophysiological features of COVID-19, EVD and LF as well their simultaneous occurrence in Africa may result in misdiagnosis at the onset of infection, an increased possibility of co-infection, and rapid and silent community spread of the virus(es). Other challenges include high population mobility across porous borders, risk of human-to-animal transmission and reverse zoonotic spread, and other public health concerns. This review highlights some major clinical and public health challenges toward responses to the COVID-19 pandemic amidst the deuce-ace of recurrent LF and EVD epidemics in Africa. Applying the One Health approach in infectious disease surveillance and preparedness is essential in mitigating emerging and re-emerging (co-)epidemics in Africa and beyond.
Evidence From Men for Ovary-independent Effects of Genetic Risk Factors for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Zhu Jia , Pujol-Gualdo Natàlia , Wittemans Laura B L , Lindgren Cecilia M , Laisk Triin , Hirschhorn Joel N , Chan Yee-Ming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Context
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism and can be associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction, but it remains unclear which of these features are inciting causes and which are secondary consequences.

Objective
To determine whether ovarian function is necessary for genetic risk factors for PCOS to produce nonreproductive phenotypes.

Design, Setting, and Participants
Cohort of 176 360 men in the UK Biobank and replication cohort of 37 348 men in the Estonian Biobank.

Main Outcome Measures
We calculated individual PCOS polygenic risk scores (PRS), tested for association of these PRS with PCOS-related phenotypes using linear and logistic regression and performed mediation analysis.

Results
For every 1 SD increase in the PCOS PRS, men had increased odds of obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.09; 95% CI, 1.08-1.10; P = 1 × 10-49), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (OR: 1.08; 95% CI, 1.05-1.10; P = 3 × 10-12), coronary artery disease (CAD) (OR: 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04; P = 0.0029), and marked androgenic alopecia (OR: 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.05; P = 3 × 10-5). Body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, and free androgen index increased as the PRS increased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and SHBG decreased (all P &lt; .0001). The association between the PRS and CAD appeared to be completely mediated by BMI, whereas the associations with T2DM and marked androgenic alopecia appeared to be partially mediated by BMI.

Conclusions
Genetic risk factors for PCOS have phenotypic consequences in men, indicating that they can act independently of ovarian function. Thus, PCOS in women may not always be a primary disorder of the ovaries.
Insulin for diabetes: 100 years of therapy
Authors: Jennings Peter , Stewart Martha 
Published: December 2021

This month is the 100th anniversary of insulin use in humans. Peter Jennings and Martha Stewart provide an overview of how this advancement improved care for people living with diabetes January 2022 marks 100 years since insulin was first successfully used to treat diabetes in humans. Everyone with type 1 diabetes – except those who have received pancreas or islet-cell transplants – and more than half of people with type 2 diabetes use insulin to manage their diabetes. Instead of being seen as a death sentence, type 1 diabetes is now seen as a long-term condition that can be self-managed for people with access to insulin and glucose monitoring technology. However, many people living with diabetes around the world are still unable to access affordable insulin, technologies and the support needed to self-manage their diabetes.
Determinants of condom use during last sexual intercourse among male college youth of Kaski, Nepal: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Parajuli Bijaya , Adhikari Chiranjivi , Tripathi Narayan 
Published: December 2021

Background
The National Family Planning program of Nepal has introduced the condom as an important family planning method. Despite the continuous effort from the public and private sectors at various levels, its use among youth remains low. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the factors associated with condom use during the last sexual intercourse among male college youth.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study and analyzed the responses of 361 male college youth (aged 19 to 24 years who reported being sexually active preceding six months of the survey), among the 903 participants who reported being involved in vaginal and anal sexual intercourse. The chi-square test was primarily used to find the associated factors and then, stepwise logistic regression was performed by selecting the covariates after the multicollinearity test followed by adjustment of confounders.

Results
We found that more than one-fourth (27.4%) of the sexually active male youth had used the condoms during their last sexual intercourse. Postgraduate male youth were four times more likely to use the condoms during the last sexual intercourse than undergraduate male youth (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI; 2.08–8.06). Similarly, married youth were less likely to use the condoms during the last sexual intercourse with 95% lower odds than their counterparts (AOR = 0.05, 95% CI; 0.01–0.38). Male youth with adequate knowledge about the condoms were 8 times more likely to use them compared to those with inadequate knowledge (AOR = 8.42, 95% CI; 4.34–16.33). Likewise, male youth with favorable attitude towards the condoms were 2.5 times more likely to use them compared to their counterparts (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI; 1.23–5.42). Similarly, male youth having two or more sex partners were 4.5 times more likely to use the condoms than the youth having only a sex partner (AOR = 4.57, 95% CI; 2.38–8.76).

Conclusion
The study concluded that slightly more than one-fourth (27.4%) of male college youth in Kaski district used the condoms during their last sexual intercourse. Level of education, marital status, knowledge about condoms, attitude toward condoms, and number of sex partners are the determinants of condom use among male college youth so recommended for early behavioral interventions, especially in knowledge and attitude. Further studies focusing on including the rural youth and larger geography may help to reach a firmer conclusion.
SARS-COV-2 acts as a test of Air Pollution, Lifestyle Disorders and Immune Tolerance dysregulation in human body
Authors: Karthik bose 
Published: December 2021

SARS-COV-2 is reported to be associated with severe immune dysregulation, delayed humoral responses and accelerated innate immune response mediated damages. As the pandemic is turning the world upside down, In order to address this disease we should first get an insight into the mechanism of action through which SARS-COV-2 is achieving the above said dysregulating or modulating effects on human immune system. T
his article presents the basic or skeletal mechanism through which SARS-COV-2 dysregulates immune system by targeting innate immune system, adaptive immune system and different immune tolerance check points by dysregulating different miRNA’s and the preexisting conditions or comorbidities of the patients. This article comprises of the comparative and comprehensive literature review targeting all topics with the data available/reported till date in the scientific community.
The Communication Infrastructures of Living Systems and the Universe: Analysis from the Perspective of Antenna Theory
Authors: Ray Sirsendu Sekhar , Maitra Bitop 
Published: December 2021

It is still unknown how molecules coordinate their activity and operate at high speeds in the crowded environment of a cell. The study focuses on the geometry of biomolecules, assuming B-DNA, α-helix, β-strand, water molecules, and chemical bonds, including hydrogen bonds, as various types of antennas. The analysis demonstrates that living systems have highly sophisticated wireless and wired communication infrastructures for regulating and coordinating molecular activities, revealing why water is essential for molecular dynamics and indicating how we evolved.
The study also includes a few equations linking antenna fields with Einstein’s general relativity, Kepler’s law of planetary motion, and Newton’s law of gravitation, which divides the gravitational field into antenna field zones and clarifies many astronomical facts. The findings, furthermore, suggest that the gravitational field is the antenna field of astronomical objects; and that nature's antennas, such as molecules and astronomical objects, communicate via gravitational waves. We hope that the study, which uses a classical approach to explain the facts of living systems and the Universe, will find applications in biology, astronomy, communication engineering, and other areas of science.
ANALISIS SENTIMEN ULASAN APLIKASI TIKTOK DI GOOGLE PLAY MENGGUNAKAN METODE SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (SVM) DAN ASOSIASI
Authors: Fide Sola , Suparti Suparti , Sudarno Sudarno 
Published: December 2021

Corona virus pandemic requires people to do activities from home so the number of internet usage in Indonesia has increased because information is carried out through social media. One of the popular social media in Indonesia is TikTok. However, the Tiktok’s popularity cannot be separated from the footsteps of TikTok in Indonesia which was blocked by government for committing many violations. Each application allows users to provide a review about the application. To find out the users TikTok’s sentiment, sentiment analysis was carried out to classify reviews into positive and negative sentiments. Classification is carried out using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) with kernel Radial Basis Function (RBF) method which is more effective classification algorithm and kernel function, seen from previous studies. The parameters used in the SVM gamma default 0.0004255 and the Cost (C) parameter experiment used is 0,01; 0,1; 1; 10; 100; 1000. The results can provide information that can be retrieved using the association method. The steps are scrapping data, data preprocessing, sentiment scoring, TF-IDF weighting, classifying using the SVM RBF kernel method and text association. Evaluation of the model using a confusion matrix with the value of accuracy and kappa. The greater the value of accuracy and kappa, the better the performance of the classification model. The review classification resulted in the best accuracy rate of 90.62% and the best kappa of 81.24% which means that it includes an almost perfect classification result. Based on the data association, positive reviews are given because users like and are comfortable with the current version of TikTok which contains funny videos on fyp. Meanwhile, negative reviews were given because the user failed to register and his account was blocked, so the user asked TikTok to continue to make improvements.
Optimization-based transient control of turbofan engines: a sequential quadratic programming approach
Authors: Wang Jiqiang , Hu Huan , Zhang Weicun , Hu Zhongzhi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEngine transient control has been challenging due to its stringent requirements from both performance and safety. Many methodologies have been proposed such as conventional schedule-based methods, linear parameter varying, multiobjective optimization and evolutionary computations etc. These approaches have been well-established and led to a series of significant results. However, they are either not providing limit protection or requiring exhaustive computational resources, particularly when generating results into full flight envelope applications. Consequently a compromise between limit protection and computational complexity is necessitated. This note considers a sequential quadratic programming (SQP)-based method for full flight envelope investigations. The proposed method can provide important design guidance and the corresponding claims are validated through detailed analysis and simulations.