bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervenir E Investigar En El Aula: Estrategia DidÃ¡ctica Para Aprender QuÃ­mica
Authors: Ruacho Soto MarÃ­a Guadalupe , Uribe Rigoberto MarÃ­n , Ibarra Isabel GuzmÃ¡n , Soto Valenzuela Ma. ConcepciÃ³n 
Published: March 2021

El propÃ³sito de este artÃ­culo es presentar resultados de la aplicaciÃ³n de una estrategia didÃ¡ctica para aprender quÃ­mica en la educaciÃ³n superior sustentada en el Modelo para el Desarrollo y EvaluaciÃ³n de Competencias AcadÃ©micas. El estudio se realizÃ³ con estudiantes de segundo semestre de la asignatura â€œProcesos quÃ­micos de la vida humanaâ€ de la Licenciatura en NutriciÃ³n. Se construyeron y aplicaron, en una intervenciÃ³n Ã¡ulica, secuencias didÃ¡cticas cuya estructura incluye dos dispositivos: uno de formaciÃ³n y otro de evaluaciÃ³n autÃ©ntica; el dispositivo de formaciÃ³n emplea situaciones problema reales de la profesiÃ³n, cuya resoluciÃ³n comporta la movilizaciÃ³n de saberes y el desarrollo de competencias. El proceso de intervenciÃ³n Ã¡ulica incluyÃ³ momentos de prÃ¡ctica reflexiva y de acompaÃ±amiento docente. El enfoque de la investigaciÃ³n-formaciÃ³n-acciÃ³n realizado incorpora el anÃ¡lisis cualitativo de datos recogidos mediante videograbaciÃ³n, cuaderno de notas y observaciÃ³n reflexiva de la intervenciÃ³n. Se concluye que la estrategia didÃ¡ctica produce cambios graduales al transitarse de un estilo de docencia tradicionalista a una prÃ¡ctica educativa innovadora transformada y transformadora.

The purpose of this article is to present results of the application of a didactic strategy to learn chemistry in higher education based on the Model for the Development and Evaluation of Academic Competences. The study was carried out with second semester students of the subject â€œChemical processes of human lifeâ€ of the Bachelor of Nutrition. Didactic sequences were built and applied in a classroom intervention, the structure of which includes two devices: one for training and the other for authentic evaluation; The training device uses real problem situations in the profession, the resolution of which involves the mobilization of knowledge and the development of skills. The classroom intervention process included moments of reflective practice and teacher accompaniment. The research-trainingaction approach carried out incorporates the qualitative analysis of data collected through video recording, notebooks and reflective observation of the intervention. It is concluded that the didactic strategy produces gradual changes when moving from a traditionalist teaching style to a transformed and transformative innovative educational practice.
Efectividad De Un PolÃ­mero Retenedor De Humedad Para Elevar La Supervivencia En Plantaciones De Mezquite (Prosopis Glandulosa Torr.) En Zonas Ãridas
Authors: Sosa PÃ©rez Gabriel , Hermosillo Rojas David EfraÃ­n , Guerra Pedro Jurado , AlarcÃ³n Bustamante Manuel Pomposo , GarcÃ­a PÃ©rez JosÃ© Luis 
Published: March 2021

El uso de polÃ­meros retenedores de humedad es una tÃ©cnica que se ha utilizado para incrementar la supervivencia en plantaciones de restauraciÃ³n forestal, sin embargo, escasos estudios han evaluado su efectividad. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes dosis de un polÃ­mero retenedor de humedad en la supervivencia de tres plantaciones de mezquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.), en dos sitios de zonas Ã¡ridas del estado de Chihuahua, MÃ©xico. Se utilizÃ³ un polÃ­mero hecho a base de potasio en dosis desde tres hasta diez gramos por planta. Se midiÃ³ la precipitaciÃ³n en cada sitio, la humedad del suelo en cada planta y los porcentajes de supervivencia de cada plantaciÃ³n en diferentes fechas a lo largo de un aÃ±o. Los porcentajes de supervivencia despuÃ©s de un aÃ±o fueron 34%, 59% y 83%. No se encontrÃ³ efecto positivo de ninguna dosis de hidrogel en la supervivencia. La humedad en el suelo por efecto del polÃ­mero es muy corta en condiciones de poca precipitaciÃ³n y altas temperaturas, y los eventos de lluvia distanciados en tiempo no son suficientes para la rehidrataciÃ³n del polÃ­mero. Esto genera una igualdad de condiciones en tÃ©rminos de humedad del suelo para las diferentes dosis durante los meses crÃ­ticos de sequÃ­a, en los cuales se registrÃ³ la mayor mortandad de planta.

Moisture-retaining polymers are frequently used to increase survival in forest restoration plantations, however, few studies have evaluated their effectiveness. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of a moisture-retaining polymer on the survival of three mesquite plantations (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.), in two sites of arid lands in the State of Chihuahua, Mexico. A polymer made from potassium was used in doses from three to ten grams per plant. Precipitation at each site was measured, as well as soil moisture at each plant, and the survival percentages at different dates after plantations. The survival percentages in the three plantations after one year were 34%, 59%, and 83%. No positive effect of any dose was found on survival. The effect of the polymer on soil moisture is very short under low precipitation and high temperatures. Isolated rainfall events did not rehydrate the polymer. The highest plant mortality was during the critical months of drought, and soil moisture was the same for the different doses during these months.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Medical Education in India
Authors: Ahmed Faruqueuddin 
Published: March 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, also known as SARS-CoV-2, was the coronavirus strain that caused the COVID-19 disease. The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as the greatest public health and societal challenge. Imposition of a prolonged-nationwide lockdown as a public health intervention in India to contain transmission impacted all public spheres, including medical education. Academic activities in medical schools came to an abrupt suspension during the lockdown for a period of 10 to 12 weeks. During earlier pandemics, in-person training in hospitals continue in developing the students’ skills and competencies. These include the diagnosis and management of hospital cases and control the communitydisease transmission. However, the current COVID-19 pandemic is distinct. Online training started due to extended lockdown, which require careful planning and further study.
Key words: • COVID-19 • Corona virus • Pandemic • Medical education • Medical students • Physician training • Clinical training • Disease transmission • Clinical skills • India

Copyright © 2021 Ahmed. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
ROLE OF PD-L1 ASSESSMENT IN THE ASPECT OF MOLECULAR-GENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF COLORECTAL CANCER. CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM
Authors: Vtorushin S. V. , Naumov S. S. , Stepanov I. V. , Sinyansky L. E. , Afanasyev S. G. 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study was to analyze and summarize data regarding a significance of PD -L1 expression in various molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer.Material and Methods. A systemic literature search was conducted in the electronic databases Medline, Cochrane Library, Elibrary, PubMed. Of identified and reviewed 201 full-text articles, we included data from 47 studies.Results. The literature review described the features of the molecular genetic classification of colorectal cancer and revealed the key characteristics of each of the molecular subtypes of this disease. Much attention was paid to the molecular mechanisms of anti-PD -1/PD -L1 therapy. The main problems associated with the standardization of methods for pathomorphological assessment of the expression of this marker and the difficulties of its interpretation in colorectal carcinomas were outlined.Conclusion. Analysis of the literature revealed problems associated with the assessment of PD -L1 expression in colorectal cancer, in particular, with the lack of generally accepted methods for interpreting research results and standardizing methods for pathomorphological diagnosis of malignant tumors of this localization. Further studies are needed for introducing the molecular genetic classification of colorectal carcinomas into a wide clinical practice and personalizing the approach to therapy of this disease.
THE ROLE OF ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF LOCALLY ADVANCED GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Bobryshev A. A. , Davudov M. M. , Narimanov M. N. , Polycarpova S. B. , Kirsanov V. Y. , Blindar V. N. 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study was a systemic literature review on data regarding the efficacy, safety and prospects for the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer.Material and Methods. The study contained a thorough literary analysis of the results of international studies on the use of preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer. Relevant sources were searched in Medlin and Cochrane Library databases, and publications from 2001 to 2019 were included. Of all the studies analyzed, 28 were used to write the systematic review.Results. The increase in survival rates was mainly achieved due to the use of a multimodal approach to the treatment of gastric cancer. The effectiveness of this approach, which combined surgery with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, was proven in several large clinical studies. However, despite the large number of treatment options for locally advanced gastric cancer, there is still no single standard for the management of patients with this disease. One of the treatment options successfully practiced in a number of leading countries is the use of adjuvant chemo/chemoradiation therapy.Conclusion. Analysis of the literature data of the last 18 years has shown the high relevance of studies on adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer and the need to continue further study of this problem.
ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION IN THE COMPREHENSIVE DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING OF PARASTERNAL LYMPH NODE METASTASES IN A PATIENT WITH BREAST CANCER: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Snitkin V. M. , Samoukin A. V. , Sholokhov V. N. , Sinyukova G. T. , Berdnikov S. N. , Makhotina M. S. , Valiev R. K. , Pulatova I. Z. 
Published: March 2021

Background. The parasternal lymphatic collector is an important pathway of the lymph drainage from the breast in breast cancer patients. Evaluation of parasternal lymph nodes is not available during physical examination. To date, no algorithm for diagnostic imaging of the parasternal lymphatic pathway has been developed. The presence of metastases in parasternal lymph nodes upstages the breast cancer patient to a minimum of clinical stage III disease.Case description. We present the case of breast cancer progression in a 40-year-old woman. The patient received treatment for triple-negative stage IIA breast cancer (Т2N0M0) in 2018. In August, 2019, 18-FDG PET /CT images revealed a solitary metastasis in the parasternal lymph node. Ultrasound images also showed the same lymph node assessed by PET -CT and the additional parasternal lymph node metastasis. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy of both lymph nodes confirmed the specific involvement of the parasternal lymph nodes.Conclusion. Ultrasound scans are used to assess the axillary, subclavian and supraclavicular lymphatic collectors, but there is little evidence in the literature on the use of ultrasound in the assessment of parasternal lymph nodes. Our clinical case shows the feasibility of using ultrasound in assessing the status of the parasternal of lymph nodes, as well as the feasibility of performing fine-needle aspiration biopsy by ultrasound navigation.
EXPERIENCE IN THE TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
Authors: Chervontseva A. M. , Verniuk M. A. , Gushchina E. E. , Cherkashina I. V. , Fedenko A. A. 
Published: March 2021

Background. The use of modern induction chemotherapy programs for primary Hodgkin’s lymphoma allows achievement of high long-term outcomes even in patients with initially poor prognosis. However, the toxicity of treatment is quite high. Despite the effectiveness of chemotherapy, the frequency of relapses and resistant forms varies from 20 to 30 %. In extremely rare cases, the use of intensive chemotherapy regimens, including high-dose chemotherapy, leads to long-term remissions.Description of the clinical case. We present a case of advanced-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma in a young patient with symptoms of intoxication and adverse risk factors, such as: massive lesion in the mediastinum, increased ES R, infiltration of soft tissues, pleura, pericardium, multiple lesions of both lungs, damage to more than 3 areas of the lymphatic collectors. Given all these factors, the disease prognosis was extremely unfavorable, with a low probability of achieving remission and a high risk of early progression. The use of the intensive EACOPP -14 program allowed the achievement of short-term partial remission. Due to poor treatment tolerance, but taking into account the achievement of a partial response, further treatment was continued using the ABVD chemotherapy regimen. Follow-up examination revealed disease progression. Further courses of chemotherapy using various combinations of chemotherapy drugs resulted in a short-term positive effect with subsequent disease progression. Considering the fact that the disease was resistant to most basic chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapy with nivolumab (PD -1 inhibitor) was administered. This alternative treatment method allowed the disease to be stabilized.Conclusion. The use of the immunological drug in a patient with chemoresistant Hodgkin’s lymphoma made it possible to stop the progression of the disease and to improve the patient’s quality of life, without significant infectious complications and adverse events.
PEDIATRIC OPTIC PATHWAY GLIOMA: DIENCEPHALIC SYNDROME
Authors: Valiakhmetova A. F. , Mazerkina N. A. , Papusha L. I. , Bydanov O. I. , Tarasova E. M. , Medvedeva O. A. , Serova N. K. , Lazareva L. A. , Shishkina L. V. , Trunin Yu. Yu. , Novichkova G. A. , Gorelyshev S. K. , Karachunsky A. I. 
Published: March 2021

Diencephalic cachexia (DC ) is a metabolic disorder characterized by a decrease in body weight. DC usually occurs in the presence of glioma brain tumors extended into the optic pathway. These tumors are very aggressive and have poor prognosis.Objective: to analyze the clinical course of optic pathway gliomas (OPG s) in patients with and without DC .Material and Methods. The study included 264 patients aged 0 to 18 years with an initial diagnosis of OPG s registered in the N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of neurosurgery from 01/01/2003 to 12/31/2015. Patients were divided into two groups: without DC (204 people) and with DC (60 children). Results: neurofibromatosis type I (NFI) was much more common in children without DC , and pilomyxoid histology was much more prevalent in children with DC . Five-year overall survival (OS ) and event-free survival EFS were significantly lower in children with DC than in children without DC (82 ± 5 % and 96 ± 1 %, respectively versus 37 ± 7 % and 62 ± 3 %, respectively). It was found that in the DC group, the OS and EFS rates were significantly lower in girls, in children without NFI, in children without histological verification and in children with pilocytic astrocytomas. It was also found that in the DC group, OS rates were significantly lower in children under 1 year, and EFS rates were significantly lower in children aged more than 12 months. The number of patients without events were significantly higher in the group without DC (p=0.001). The number of deaths in the postoperative period was significantly higher in children with DC (p<0.001). Diabetes insipidus and hyponatremia were significantly more common in patients with diencephalic cachexia, and vision improvement after treatment was significantly more likely to occur in patients without DC .Conclusion. OPG s in patients with DC have a more aggressive clinical course, which requires more careful treatment and observation.
RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY COMPLICATIONS IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Kulbakin D. E. , Choynzonov E. L. , Mukhamedov M. R. , Kononova L. A. , Khavkin N. M. , Alekseev V. A. , Menkova E. N. 
Published: March 2021

The main goal of reconstructive surgery is to improve the quality of life of patients who have undergone surgery. However, recurrences and postoperative complications after such surgeries pose a serious challenge.The purpose of the study was to evaluate immediate surgical outcomes in head and neck cancer patients who underwent reconstructive surgery following tumor resection, as well as to analyze the causes of postoperative complications.Material and Methods. Immediate treatment outcomes were analyzed in 272 head and neck cancer patients, who were treated from 2008 to 2018. All patients were divided into 2 groups. Group I consisted of 172 patients, who underwent radical surgery and reconstruction. Group II comprised 100 patients, who underwent radical surgery alone. The groups were matched by stage, gender, age, previous treatment, and tumor location.Results. The incidence of recurrence was lower in Group I than in Group II (19 % versus 32 %, p>0,05). Postoperative complications occurred in 14 % of patients who underwent reconstruction of postoperative defects with rotation flaps and in 35 % of patients who underwent reconstruction with free revascularized flaps (p<0,05). The rate of complications was higher in patients undergoing maxillary and mandibular reconstructions (39,6 %) than in patients undergoing reconstructions of the other parts of the head and neck (23,7 %) (p<0,05). Patients who received chemoradiotherapy had higher rate of postoperative complications than those who had no neoadjuvant treatment (37 % versus 22 %, p>0,05).Conclusion. Knowledge of the factors that have a significant impact on the likelihood of developing postoperative complications after reconstructive surgeries makes it possible to take measures to prevent them.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IMMUNE MICROENVIRONMENT OF THE NORMAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE PERITUMORAL AREA IS AN ADDITIONAL INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Danilova N. V. , Kkomyakov V. M. , Chayka A. V. , Mikhailov I. A. , Oleynikova N. A. , Malkov P. G. 
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study was to study and evaluate the predictive value of the immune microenvironment of gastric cancer and morphologically normal mucous membrane of the peritumoral area using an automatic morphometric analysis system on the example of CD 8+ cells.Material and Methods. Surgical samples from 130 patients with a verified diagnosis of gastric cancer were used. After immunohistochemical staining with antibodies to CD 8, a morphological assessment was performed according to the original method. We assessed the average area of CD 8+ cells in three fields of view (lens magn. ×20) using the automatic system of morphometric analysis LAS X (Leica) in the central part of the tumor and areas of morphologically normal mucous membrane of the peritumoral region directly adjacent to the tumor tissue. The results were compared with the main clinical and morphological characteristics of the tumor as well as with the overall five-year survival of patients.Results and Discussion. A high density of CD 8+ infiltration of normal mucous membrane of the peritumoral area was observed in groups T4a and T4b by the depth of invasion (n=96, p=0.0089) and was associated with the presence of emboli in the lymphatic vessels (n=96, p=0.0102) and with the more advanced stage of gastric cancer (n=96, p=0.0107). The studied cases were divided into two groups: less than 3300 square micrometers (better patient survival; n=79, p=0.01) and more than 3300 square micrometers according to the average area of CD 8+ cells in normal mucous membrane of the peritumoral area. According to multivariate survival analysis using the Cox regression model, it was found that the average area of CD 8+ cells in normal mucous membrane of the peritumoral area was a significant negative prognostic factor (RR=1.537; CI : 0.761–3.105; p<0.01) comparable in degree covariance with the stage of the tumor A similar indicator assessed in central part of the tumor was not significantly associated with patient survival (RR=0.803; CI : 0.574–1.122; p>0.05).Conclusion. The possibility of using an automatic analysis system to evaluate the immune microenvironment in gastric cancer was demonstrated for the first time. It was found that a high level of CD 8+ lymphocyte infiltration of morphologically normal mucous membrane of the peritumoral area was an independent negative prognostic factor. Therefore, we recommend the mandatory preoperative biopsy sampling from the mucous membrane of the peritumoral region for morphometric assessment of CD 8+ lymphocyte infiltration.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF LONG-TERM ADVERSE SIDE EFFECTS OF CYTOSTATIC DRUGS ON FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL WAYS TO REDUCE THEM
Authors: Borovskaya T. G. , Goldberg V. E. , Poluektova M. E. , Vychuzhanina A. V. , Shchemerovа Yu. A. , Grigoreva V. A. , Ligacheva A. A. , Bokhan E. A. 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study was a comparative experimental assessment of long-term toxic effects of cytostatic drugs (epirubicin, etoposide, platidiam, carboplatin, paclitaxel) on the female reproductive function and search for pharmacological ways to reduce them.Material and Methods. Experiments were carried out on 200 outbred male rats, Wistar stock, 2.5 months old. Antitumor drugs were administered once, intravenously, in maximum tolerated dose. The reproductive status in rats was assessed 90 and 180 days after injection of cytostatic drugs. Correction of ovariotoxicity of cytostatic drugs was carried out using a recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CS F, Neupomax, FARMSTA NDA RT-UfaVITA OJSC , Russia) and liquid extract of Scutellaria Baikalsky («GNTsLS », Kharkov). The mating and fertility ability of female rats as well as pre- and post-implantation fetal mortality were determined. Ovarian reserve was evaluated using morphological analysis of the ovaries using quantitative assessments of structural damage. Concentration of anti-Muller hormone in the blood of adult rats-females receiving etoposide and rhG-CS F were evaluated by enzyme immunoassay (IFA, ELISA , Cloud clone, Corp. Wuhan). Statistical processing of obtained experimental data was performed using Mann-Whitney U-test and Fisher angular transformation.Results. The mating and fertility ability of animals was found to be persisted. However, signs of early depletion of the ovarian reserve and a decrease in reproductive potential were observed. The risk of early menopause was increased to a greater extent after using epirubicin, etoposide and paclitaxel, and to a lesser extent after platidiam and carboplatin. The reproductive potential of animals was reduced due to increased fetal death. Platinum-containing drugs were found to be the most toxic. G-CS F was the effective drug for protecting the ovarian reserve from cytostatic effects. The use of Scutellaria baicalensis extract increased the reproductive potential of animals by reducing the rate of embryonic death.