bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPECC1L-deficient primary mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme cells show speed and directionality defects
Authors: Goering Jeremy P. , Isai Dona G. , Hall Everett G. , Wilson Nathan R. , Kosa Edina , Wenger Luke W. , Umar Zaid , Yousaf Abdul , Czirok Andras , Saadi Irfan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are common anomalies occurring in 1/800 live-births. Pathogenic SPECC1L variants have been identified in patients with CL/P, which signifies a primary role for SPECC1L in craniofacial development. Specc1l mutant mouse embryos exhibit delayed palatal shelf elevation accompanied by epithelial defects. We now posit that the process of palate elevation is itself abnormal in Specc1l mutants, due to defective remodeling of palatal mesenchyme. To characterize the underlying cellular defect, we studied the movement of primary mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme (MEPM) cells using live-imaging of wound-repair assays. SPECC1L-deficient MEPM cells exhibited delayed wound-repair, however, reduced cell speed only partially accounted for this delay. Interestingly, mutant MEPM cells were also defective in coordinated cell movement. Therefore, we used open-field 2D cultures of wildtype MEPM cells to show that they indeed formed cell streams at high density, which is an important attribute of collective movement. Furthermore, activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway rescued both cell speed and guidance defects in Specc1l mutant MEPM cells. Thus, we show that live-imaging of primary MEPM cells can be used to assess mesenchymal remodeling defects during palatal shelf elevation, and identify a novel role for SPECC1L in collective movement through modulation of PI3K-AKT signaling.
CD117/c-kit defines a prostate CSC-like subpopulation driving progression and TKI resistance
Authors: Harris Koran S. , Shi Lihong , Foster Brittni M. , Mobley Mary E. , Elliott Phyllis L. , Song Conner J. , Watabe Kounosuke , Langefeld Carl D. , Kerr Bethany A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are associated with cancer progression, metastasis, and recurrence, and may also represent a subset of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). In our prior study, CTCs in advanced prostate cancer patients were found to express CD117/c-kit in a liquid biopsy. Whether CD117 expression played an active or passive role in the aggressiveness and migration of these CTCs remained an open question. In this study, we show that CD117 expression in prostate cancer patients is associated with decreased overall and progression-free survival and that activation and phosphorylation of CD117 increases in prostate cancer patients with higher Gleason grades. To determine how CD117 expression and activation by its ligand stem cell factor (SCF, kit ligand, steel factor) alter prostate cancer aggressiveness, we used C4-2 and PC3-mm human prostate cancer cells, which contain a CD117+ subpopulation. We demonstrate that CD117+ cells display increased proliferation and migration. In prostaspheres, CD117 expression enhances sphere formation. In both 2D and 3D cultures, stemness marker gene expression is higher in CD117+ cells. Using xenograft limiting dilution assays and serial tumor initiation assays, we show that CD117+ cells represent a CSC population. Combined, these data indicate that CD117 expression potentially promotes tumor initiation and metastasis. Further, in cell lines, CD117 activation by SCF promotes faster proliferation and invasiveness, while blocking CD117 activation with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) decreased progression in a context-dependent manner. We demonstrate that CD117 expression and activation drives prostate cancer aggressiveness through the CSC phenotype and TKI resistance.
Incorrect Asian aerosols affecting the attribution and projection of regional climate change in CMIP6 models
Authors: Wang Zhili , Lin Lei , Xu Yangyang , Che Huizheng , Zhang Xiaoye , Zhang Hua , Dong Wenjie , Wang Chense , Gui Ke , Xie Bing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic aerosol (AA) forcing has been shown as a critical driver of climate change over Asia since the mid-20th century. Here we show that almost all Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models fail to capture the observed dipole pattern of aerosol optical depth (AOD) trends over Asia during 2006–2014, last decade of CMIP6 historical simulation, due to an opposite trend over eastern China compared with observations. The incorrect AOD trend over China is attributed to problematic AA emissions adopted by CMIP6. There are obvious differences in simulated regional aerosol radiative forcing and temperature responses over Asia when using two different emissions inventories (one adopted by CMIP6; the other from Peking university, a more trustworthy inventory) to driving a global aerosol-climate model separately. We further show that some widely adopted CMIP6 pathways (after 2015) also significantly underestimate the more recent decline in AA emissions over China. These flaws may bring about errors to the CMIP6-based regional climate attribution over Asia for the last two decades and projection for the next few decades, previously anticipated to inform a wide range of impact analysis.
Shifts in honeybee foraging reveal historical changes in floral resources
Authors: Jones Laura , Brennan Georgina L. , Lowe Abigail , Creer Simon , Ford Col R. , de Vere Natasha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDecreasing floral resources as a result of habitat loss is one of the key factors in the decline of pollinating insects worldwide. Understanding which plants pollinators use is vital to inform the provision of appropriate floral resources to help prevent pollinator loss. Using a globally important pollinator, the honeybee, we show how changes in agricultural intensification, crop use and the spread of invasive species, have altered the nectar and pollen sources available in the UK. Using DNA metabarcoding, we analysed 441 honey samples from 2017 and compared these to a nationwide survey of honey samples from 1952. We reveal that shifts in major plants foraged by honeybees are driven by changes in the availability of these plants within the landscape. Improved grasslands are the most widespread habitat type in the UK, and management changes within this habitat have the greatest potential to increase floral resource availability.
ACE/ACE2 balance might be instrumental to explain the certain comorbidities leading to severe COVID-19 cases
Authors: Bank Sarbashri , De Subrata Kumar , Bankura Biswabandhu , Maiti Smarajit , Das Madhusudan , A Khan Gausal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global catastrophe. The elderly and people with comorbidity are facing a serious complication of the disease. The entry and infection strategy of SARS-CoV-2 in a host cell is raised by an amazing way of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 (ACE2) receptor recognition and imbalance of ACE/ACE2 in various organs, especially in the lungs. Here it has been discussed the role of interferon and protease during the receptor recognition (begining of infection) and followed by the impact of cytokine and hypoxia in the context of the balance of ACE/ACE2. It has also very concisely delineated the biochemistry and mechanism of ACE/ACE2 balance in different stages of infection and its role in comorbidity.
Large-amplitude variables in Gaia Data Release 2
Authors: Mowlavi N. , Rimoldini L. , Evans D. W. , Riello M. , De Angeli F. , Palaversa L. , Audard M. , Eyer L. , Garcia-Lario P. , Gavras P. , Holl B. , Jevardat de Fombelle G. , Lecœur-Taïbi I. , Nienartowicz K. 
Published: January 2021

Context. Photometric variability is an essential feature that sheds light on the intrinsic properties of celestial variable sources, the more so when photometry is available in various bands. In this respect, the all-sky Gaia mission is particularly attractive as it collects, among other quantities, epoch photometry measured quasi-simultaneously in three optical bands for sources ranging from a few magnitudes to fainter than magnitude 20.
Aims. The second data release (DR2) of the mission provides mean G, GBP, and GRP photometry for ∼1.4 billion sources, but light curves and variability properties are available for only ∼0.5 million of them. Here, we provide a census of large-amplitude variables (LAVs) with amplitudes larger than ∼0.2 mag in the G band for objects with mean brightnesses between 5.5 and 19 mag.
Methods. To achieve this, we rely on variability amplitude proxies in G, GBP, and GRP computed from the uncertainties on the magnitudes published in DR2. We then apply successive filters to identify two subsets containing sources with reliable mean GBP and GRP (for studies using colours) and sources having compatible amplitude proxies in G, GBP, and GRP (for multi-band variability studies).
Results. The full catalogue gathers 23 315 874 LAV candidates, and the two subsets with increased levels of purity contain, respectively, 1 148 861 and 618 966 sources. A multi-band variability analysis of the catalogue shows that different types of variable stars can be categorized according to their colours and blue-to-red amplitude ratios as determined from the G, GBP, and GRP amplitude proxies. More specifically, four groups are globally identified. They include: long-period variables in a first group with amplitudes more than twice larger in the blue than in the red; hot compact variables in a second group with amplitudes smaller in the blue than in the red; classical instability strip pulsators in a third group with amplitudes larger in the blue than in the red by 50% to 80%; and other non-pulsating variables in a fourth group, mainly achromatic, but 10% of them still having 20% to 50% larger amplitudes in the blue than in the red.
Conclusions. The catalogue constitutes the first census of Gaia LAV candidates extracted from the public DR2 archive. The overview presented here illustrates the added value of the mission for multi-band variability studies, even at this stage when epoch photometry is not yet available for all sources.
The Key Role of Staging Definitions for Assessment of Downstaging for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yao Francis Y. , Fidelman Nicholas , Mehta Neil 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe success of liver transplant (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is dependent on accurate tumor staging using validated imaging criteria, and adherence to acceptable criteria based on tumor size and number. Other factors including α-fetoprotein (AFP) and response to local regional therapy (LRT) have now played a larger role in candidate selection. Tumor downstaging is defined as reduction in the size of viable tumors using LRT to meet acceptable criteria for LT, and serves as a selection tool for a subgroup of HCC with more favorable biology. The application of tumor downstaging requires a structured approach involving three key components in tumor staging—initial tumor stage and eligibility criteria, tumor viability assessment following LRT, and target tumor stage prior to LT—and incorporation of AFP into staging and treatment response assessments. In this review, we provide in-depth discussions of the key role of these staging definitions in ensuring successful outcome.
Electronic Health Records in Danish Home Care and Nursing Homes: Inadequate Documentation of Care, Medication, and Consent
Authors: Hertzum Morten 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground Electronic health records (EHRs) are used in long-term care to document the patients' condition, medication, and care, thereby supporting communication among caregivers and counteracting adverse drug events. However, the use of EHRs in long-term care has lagged behind EHR use in hospitals. In addition, most EHR research focuses on hospitals.Objective This study gives a countrywide status of the documentation-related risks to patient safety in Danish home care and nursing homes, which are the two main providers of long-term care. Such a status provides a basis for national improvement efforts and international comparisons.Method The study is based on the reports from 893 inspections of home care and nursing homes by the Danish Patient Safety Authority (Styrelsen for Patientsikkerhed [STPS]).Results As much as 69% of the inspected institutions document inadequately to an extent that has led to demands (i.e., issues the institution is legally obliged to rectify) or requests (i.e., issues the institution is merely asked to rectify) from STPS. Documentation issues about the patients' condition and care are present in nearly all institutions that receive demands (97%) and in the majority of those that receive requests (68%). Documentation issues about medication and consent to care are also common, but less so. The predominant risk to patient safety is incomplete documentation. It covers 72% of the documentation issues identified in the institutions that received demands; the remaining risks concern inconsistent (11%), nonexistent (7%), inaccessible (5%), and noncompliant (5%) documentation. The documentation inadequacies are similar for home care and nursing homes.Conclusion Inadequate EHR documentation is a widespread problem in Danish long-term care. While previous research mainly focuses on how EHR documentation affects patient medication, this study finds that documentation issues about the patients' condition and care are more prevalent and that issues about their consent are also common.
Two Missense CACNA1A Variants in a Single Family with Variable Neurobehavioral, Cerebellar, Epileptic, and Oculomotor Features
Authors: Ko Pin-Yi , Glass Ian A. , Crandall Suzanne , Weiss Avery , Dorschner Michael O. , Kelly John P. , Phillips James O. , Lopez Jonathan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe describe two novel missense variants in CACNA1A segregating in a family with variable severity of ataxia/oculomotor dysfunction, neurobehavioral impairments, and epilepsy. The most severe outcome occurred in a compound heterozygous proband, which could represent variable expression of the paternal allele or biallelic modulation of calcium channel function. Acetazolamide and lamotrigine were effective for seizure control.
Anatomical Variations of the Jugular Foramen Region in Patients with Pulsatile Tinnitus
Authors: Ma Xiaobo , Li Pingdong , Li Lifeng , Yang Bentao , Creighton Francis X. , Carrau Ricardo L. , London Nyall R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective Structural anomalies of the jugular foramen (JF) and adjacent structures may contribute to development of pulsatile tinnitus (PT). The goal of this study was to assess anatomical variants in the ipsilateral JF region in patients with PT and to explore possible predisposing factors for PT.Methods One hundred ninety-five patients with PT who underwent CT angiography and venography of the temporal bone were retrospectively analyzed. Anatomic variants including dominance of the ipsilateral JF, bony deficiency of the sigmoid sinus and internal carotid artery canal, high riding or dehiscent jugular bulb, dehiscence of the superior semicircular canal, tumors in the JF region, or cerebellopontine angle were assessed.Results Of 195 patients with PT, the prevalence of a dominant JF on the ipsilateral side of patients with PT was 67.2%. Furthermore, the dominant JF demonstrated a significant correlation with the presence of ipsilateral PT (p < 0.001). No anatomical variants were present in 22 patients (11.3%), whereas in patients with structural variants, bony deficiency of the sigmoid sinus was most common (65.6%), followed by high riding (54.9%) or dehiscent jugular bulb (14.4%). Dehiscent internal carotid artery canal (3.1%) and superior semicircular canal (4.1%) were occasionally identified, while arteriovenous fistula, arterial aneurysm and tumors arising from the JF region or cerebellopontine angle were rarely encountered.Conclusion Structural abnormalities of the JF and adjacent structures may predispose to the development of PT. Knowledge of these anatomical variants in the JF region may help establish a clinical strategy for addressing PT.
Cytosolic Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency: Cause of Hypoglycemia-Induced Seizure and Death
Authors: Becker Johanna , Haas Nikolaus A. , Vlaho Stefan , Heineking Beatrice , Wortmann Saskia B. , Rabenhorst Dorothée , Thomas Clara , Brunet Theresa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) deficiency (MIM 261680, EC 4.1.1.32, encoded by PCK1) is a rare disorder of gluconeogenesis presenting with recurrent hypoglycemia, hepatic dysfunction, and lactic acidosis. We report on a previously healthy 3-year-old boy who was initially admitted under the suspicion of a febrile seizure during an upper airway infection. Diagnostic workup revealed hypoglycemia as well as a cerebral edema and ruled out an infection. After a complicated course with difficult to treat symptomatic seizures, the child died on the 5th day of admission due to progressive cerebral edema. The metabolic screening showed elevated urinary lactate and Krebs cycle intermediates in line with a primary or secondary energy deficit. Due to the unclear and fatal course, trio exome sequencing was initiated postmortem (“molecular autopsy”) and revealed the diagnosis of cytosolic PEPCK deficiency based on the compound heterozygosity of a known pathogenic (c.925G > A, p.(Gly309Arg)) and a previously unreported (c.724G > A, p.(Gly242Arg)) variant in PCK1 (NM_002591.3). Sanger sequencing ruled out the disease and carrier status in three older brothers. Molecular autopsy was performed due to the unclear and fatal course. The diagnosis of a cytosolic PEPCK deficiency not only helped the family to deal with the grief, but especially took away the fear that the siblings could be affected by an unknown disease in the same manner. In addition, this case increases the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of cytosolic PEPCK deficiency.
Ambivalence and the biopolitics of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation
Authors: Gaspar Mark , Salway Travis , Grace Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAmbivalence, the vacillation between conflicting feelings and thoughts, is a key characteristic of scientific knowledge production and emergent biomedical technology. Drawing from sociological theory on ambivalence, we have examined three areas of debate surrounding the early implementation of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, for gay, bisexual, queer, and other men who have sex with men in Canada, including epistemology and praxis, clinical and epidemiological implications, and sexual politics. These debates are not focused on the science or efficacy of PrEP to prevent HIV, but rather represent contradictory feelings and opinions about the biopolitics of PrEP and health inequities. Emphasizing how scientists and health practitioners may feel conflicted about the biopolitics of novel biomedical technologies opens up opportunities to consider how a scientific field is or is not adequately advancing issues of equity. Scientists ignoring their ambivalence over the state of their research field may be deemed necessary to achieve a specific implementation goal, but this emotion management work can lead to alienation. We argue that recognizing the emotional dimensions of doing HIV research is not a distraction from “real” science, but can instead be a reflexive site to develop pertinent lines of inquiry better suited at addressing health inequities.
A genre-based investigation of the “About Us” section of private hospitals’ Websites
Authors: Aghbolagh Nasser Salimi , Hashim Azirah , Mei Cecilia Cheong Yin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Medical tourism industry is currently viewed as one of the lucrative sources of income for some countries and in essence, owes much of its reputation and success to private hospitals and the Internet (Connell, 2006). However, how these private hospitals discursively present themselves to prospective health tourists in order to entice them to use their medical services rather than their rivals’ still remains under-researched. Following the ESP genre school, this study seeks to explore the “About Us” sections of private hospitals’ websites and aims to see how such sections are rhetorically designed and constructed. Using Bhatia’s (1993, 2004) move structures for promotional texts, this study examines the rhetorical structure of the constituent webpages of the “About Us” sections of forty-one Malaysian private hospitals’ websites. Our study demonstrates how Malaysian private hospitals utilize a number of cognitive structures to present and promote themselves in their “About Us” sections. Our findings are, in general, beneficial for the private hospitals in Malaysia or elsewhere in the world, and in particular, are helpful for novice medical website designers.
Dialogue between smart education and classical education
Authors: Sharonova Svetlana , Avdeeva Elena 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Paradigmatic changes in education arise as a result of the emergence of a fundamentally new reality in society. Society
has predicted this new reality through the concepts of post-industrial society, information society, knowledge society. The basis of this
new reality is the development of information technologies (IT). These transformations of reality are taking place so rapidly that the
institute of education has not had the time to realign itself in this new space and has been late in its development of new breakthroughs in
the field of artificial intelligence. The purpose of the study is to show the fundamental paradigmatic differences between classical
education and smart education, and to build a bridge of dialogue between these two paradigms.
Tissue culture.
Authors: Morgan Lynette 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Plant tissue culture (micropropagation) is the aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs and their components under controlled conditions in vitro where the environment and nutrition are rigidly controlled. While tissue culture is the most commonly applied and widely recognised term for this process, micropropagation, in vitro culture, sterile culture and axenic culture may also be used (Smith, 2013). Tissue culture has developed to the point where it has become an important tool in both basic and applied studies, as well as in commercial application and large scale plant production (Thorpe, 2007). The first attempts at culturing isolated plant cells in vitro on artificial medium were carried out by the German scientist, Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1902 (Krikorian and Berquam, 1969). While these early experiments were unsuccessful, Haberlandt proposed and established the new concept of 'totipotency' - the potential of a plant cell to grow and develop into a whole new multicellular plant via differentiation of a single cell into many other cell types. Thus Haberlandt is justifiably recognised as the father of plant tissue culture (Thorpe, 2007). By 1922 further studies by Robbins and Kottle had established short-term cultures of isolated root tips. By 1934 other researchers began to build on this process and maintained indefinite culture of tomato root tips (White, 1934). During the 1930s and 1940s more important findings added to the initial process of cell culturing with the first long-term plant tissue culture of callus from explants of cambial tissue isolated from carrot carried out by Gautheret and Nobecourt. This was followed by callus culture of tobacco tumour tissue which was induced to differentiate into roots and shoots (White, 1939).