bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vane Self-Steerers for Cruising Yachts
Authors: Ratcliffe Gererd 
Published: June 2021

This paper presents some of the things the designer or purchaser of a cruising yacht should keep in mind when vane actuated self-steering is to be installed. First, the characteristics of various types of rudders, pendulum-fins, trim-tabs, and wind vanes are compared. These components are then linked to form different types of self-steerers. These are the simple vane steerers, trim-tab steerers, and pendulum-fin steerers. The auxiliary rudder is a special type of trim-tab steerer.
The linkage between the wind-vane and the trim-tab of fin is design to make the most efficient use of the main active components, and to stabilize the control. Basic feedback theory is applied to yacht steering to show the relationship between all of the factors that determine the heading. Some of the basic requirements for self-steering: sensitivity, adequate power, and system "stiffness" are briefly analyzed, and the degree to which these requirements can be met by the different self-steering system is compared.
Several examples are used to show how technical and dimensional factors, such as hull shape, rudder location, and clearance for the wind vane, determine the type of self-steering gear most suitable for a particular boat. In addition, the intended use, whether for a single handed crossing or occasional week-end trips, may be an important factor, especially if the installation is complex and expensive.
Formal incentive systems in organization with a Swedish management style: conflict or interaction?
Authors: Cäker Mikael , Andersson Thomas , Wickelgren Mikael 
Published: June 2021

The aim of our study is to explore how organizations that are typically characterized as under a Swedish management style relate to the trend of increased use of formal incentive systems. Interview-based case studies of two organizations with management principles strongly rooted in Swedish culture. Both organizations operate in industries strongly influenced by external pressure, which includes the discourse of incentive systems as a modern feature of management.Our results point at companies under a Swedish management systems recoqnizes the intrustion of incentive systems, but try to align with their own ideas about management as far as possible. A broad perspective on employee motivation, with a focus on career planning and development take a central role. On a strategic level, these organization tries avoid conflicts between the ideas of incentive systems and their existing management ideas in everyday management activity, by taking an explicit stand on a high organizational level.Further consideration of how incentive systems aligns with existing management ideas is needed. The well documented negative effects of incentive systems on employee relations can be avoided through active choices concerning how to implement incentive systems. Contributes to our understanding of how ideas of incentive systems interact with management ideas that builds on trust and open communication.
Further explorations of possibilities, methodologies of the future and rogue traders
Authors: Jack Lisa 
Published: June 2021

This presentation continues the discussion begun in May 2014 on the use of pragmatic constructivism and the actor reality construction framework in the analysis of financial crime. Here, I examine one aspect, which is the use of the work of Barbara Adam on actors’ concepts of future time to develop an empirical framework for researching possibilities. This is applicable to any empirical study using actor reality perspectives, but I am particularly interested in how rogue traders and their employers envisage and act on the possibilities open to them.
Molecular Diversity Analysis in Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Landraces using SSR Markers
Authors: Vabna Farhana Afrin , Islam Mohammad Zahidul , Prince Md. Ferdous Rezwan Khan , Hoque Md. Ekramul 
Published: June 2021

Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the genetic diversity of twenty four Boro rice landraces using rice genome specific twelve well known SSR markers.
Study Design: Genomic DNA extraction, PCR amplification, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and data analysis-these steps were followed to perform the research work. Data was analysed with the help of following software; POWERMAKER version 3.25, AlphaEaseFC (Alpha Innotech Corporation) version 4.0. UPGMA dendrogram was constructed using MEGA 5.1 software.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Genetic Resources and Seed Division (GRSD), Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh during the period of November 2017 to March 2018.
Methodology: Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were used to assay 24 landraces of Boro rice collected from the Gene Bank of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI).
Results: A total fifty four (54) alleles were detected, out of which forty five (45) polymorphic alleles were identified. The Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) of SSR markers ranged from 0.08 (RM447) to 0.84 (RM206) with an average value of PIC = 0.49. Gene diversity ranges from 0.08 (RM447) to 0.86 (RM206) with an average value of 0.52. The RM206 marker can be considered as the best marker among the studied markers for 24 rice landraces. Dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance using Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) indicated the segregation of 24 genotypes into three main clusters.
Conclusion: The result revealed that SSR markers are very effective tools in the study of genetic diversity and genetic relationships and this result can be conveniently used for further molecular diversity analysis of rice genotypes to identify diverse parent for the development of high yielding variety in rice.
Phosphorus Sorption in Soils Overlying Basement Complex Rock, Alluvium, Coastal Plain Sand and Imo Shale Parent Materials
Authors: Orhue Robert Ehi , Emomu Adams , Obazuaye Esohe , Erhayimwen Aimiesomon Michael , Bepo Ajayi Gboyega 
Published: June 2021

This study aimed at evaluating phosphorus (P) sorption capacities in Soils overlying basement complex Rock (A), Alluvium (B), coastal plain sand (C) and Imo shale (C) parent materials.
Completely randomized design was used to collect soil samples from 5 depths in 3 replications from Idanre, Koko, NIFOR and Uhomora in Nigeria.
Samples collected were analyzed in the central analytical laboratory of the Nigerian Institute for Oil palm Research, Benin City, Nigeria between march 2016 and September 2017.
60 soil samples were equilibrated in 25 ml of 0.01 M CaCl2 containing various concentration of P as KH2PO4 to give 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L P for 24 hours (h) at room temperature 25 ± 2 oC. Genstat statistical package was used to calculate Analysis of variance, correlation of Phosphorus sorption index (PSI) with soil properties, coefficient of variation, means separation and Least Significant difference (LSD).
The rate and %P adsorption increased with increasing concentration of P added to the soils. The P sorption capacities of the soils considering Freundlich model decreased in the order of D > B > C >A. %P adsorbed was highest in D soils with value of 15.19% for 100 mg/kg P added. The PSI correlated with organic carbon r = -0.58 P ≤ .05 in C soils, r = 0.44 P ≤ .05 in D soils, it also correlated with N r = -0.58 P ≤ .05 in C Soils, K r = 0.57 P ≤ .05, r = 0.49 P ≤ .05 in C and D soils respectively.
D soils sorbed more P than other soils hence the D soils will require more P fertilization to attain optimum P concentration in soil solution, however further study is required to determine the form of P sorbed by these parent materials.
Prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Pneumonia Patients that Attend Madonna Catholic Hospital Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwankwo Immaculata U. , Edward Kelechi C. , Nwoba Chinedu N. , Ike Moses O. 
Published: June 2021

Aim: To determine the prevalence of Streptococcus pnenumoniae in pnenumonia patients attending Madonna Catholic Hospital, Umuahia; Abia State.
Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of Streptococcus pnenumoniae among patients in Madonna Catholic Hospital, Umuahia. It lasted for a period of three months (September 2019 to January 2020). Standard microbiological techniques were used to evaluate 60 sputum samples collected from pneumonia patients and the modified Kirby-Buar disk diffusion technique was used to test the sensitive pattern of the isolates to some antibiotics.
Results: A total of thirty-three (33) Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were recovered from sixty (60) sputum samples from pneumonia patients. 17(51%) were gotten from male and 16 (49%) of isolates were gotten from female. The highest frequency of occurrence among the age groups was observed with adults (19-59 years) (34.4%) followed by adolescence (13-18 years) (33.3%), while the least frequency was from those of senior adults (>60) (9.1%). However, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from the sputum samples shows varying degrees of sensitivity and resistance to the antibiotics. From the study, Streptomycin and Cotrimoxazole showed a high percentage of sensitivity against Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates at 78.8% and 72.7% respectively. The highest percentage of resistance was observed with Gentamicin and Tetracycline at 42.4% each.
Conclusion: This study highlights that there was no distinct variation in occurrence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in relation to gender and age. As most patients were hospitalized in separated wards, this suggests a role for local dissemination of this bacterium in the respective wards rather than age or gender specific predilection. This study also suggests that streptomycin and Cotrimoxazole could be a drug of choice in the treatment of pneumonia.
Dynamic Acoustic Levitator Based On Subwavelength Aperture Control
Authors: Lu Xiaolong , Twiefel Jens , Ma Zhichao , Yu Tingting , Wallaschek Jörg , Fischer Peer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcoustic levitation provides a means to achieve contactless manipulation of fragile materials and biological samples. Most acoustic levitators rely on complex electronic hardware and software to shape the acoustic field and realize their dynamic operation. Here, the authors introduce a dynamic acoustic levitator that is based on mechanically controlling the opening and (partial) closing of subwavelength apertures. This simple approach relies on the use of a single ultrasonic transducer and is shown to permit the facile and reliable manipulation of a variety targets ranging from solid particles, to fluid and ferrofluidic drops. Experimental observations agree well with numerical simulations of the Gor'kov potential. Remarkably, this system even enables the generation of time‐varying potentials and induces oscillatory and rotational motion in the levitated objects via a feedback mechanism between the trapped object and the trapping potential. This is shown to result in long distance translation, in‐situ rotation and self‐modulated oscillation of the trapped particles. In addition, dense ferrofluidic droplets are levitated and transformed inside the levitator. Controlling subwavelength apertures opens the possibility to realize simple powerful levitators that nevertheless allow for the versatile dynamic manipulation of levitated matter.
Synthesis and Structure‐Photophysics Evaluation of 2‐N‐Amino‐quinazolines: Small Molecule Fluorophores for Solution and Solid State
Authors: Motoyama Miho , Doan Thu‐Hong , Hibner‐Kulicka Paulina , Otake Ryo , Lukarska Malgorzata , Lohier Jean‐Francois , Ozawa Kota , Nanbu Shinkoh , Alayrac Carole , Suzuki Yumiko , Witulski Bernhard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract2‐N‐aminoquinazolines were prepared by consecutive SNAr functionalization. X‐ray structures display the nitrogen lone pair of the 2‐N‐morpholino group in conjugation with the electron deficient quinazoline core and thus representing electronic push‐pull systems. 2‐N‐aminoquinazolines show a positive solvatochromism and are fluorescent in solution and in solid state with quantum yields up to 0.73. Increase in electron donor strength of the 2‐amino substituent causes a red‐shift of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) band (300–400 nm); whereas the photoluminescence emission maxima (350–450 nm) is also red‐shifted significantly along with an enhancement in photoluminescence efficiency. HOMO‐LUMO energies were estimated by a combination of electrochemical and photophysical methods and correlate well to those obtained by computational methods. ICT properties are theoretically attributed to an excitation to Rydberg‐MO in SAC‐CI method, which can be interpreted as n‐π* excitation. 7‐Amino‐2‐N‐morpholino‐4‐methoxyquinazoline responds to acidic conditions with significant increases in photoluminescence intensity revealing a new turn‐on/off fluorescence probe.
Tryptophan in the diet ameliorates motor deficits in a rotenone‐induced rat Parkinson's disease model via activating the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor pathway
Authors: Wang Yilin , Chen Shuangxi , Tan Jian , Gao Yijiang , Yan Hongye , Liu Yao , Yi Shanqing , Xiao Zijian , Wu Heng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeParkinson's disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disorder with motor and nonmotor symptoms, does not have effective treatments. Dietary tryptophan (Trp) supplementation has potential benefits for the treatment of multiple disorders. However, whether additional Trp in the diet could be beneficial for PD remains to beinvestigated. In the present study, the neuroprotective role of dietary Trp on a rotenone‐induced rat model of PD was determined.MethodsThe rotenone was injected to build the PD model, and then the rats were treated with Trp in the diet. And then, an open field test, western blot analysis, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed.ResultsWe observed that dietary Trp significantly ameliorated impaired motor function, upregulated tyrosine hydroxylase expression, inhibited the nuclear transport of Nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) in substantia nigra (SN), and downregulated the protein levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in serum in rotenone‐treated rats. However, these patterns were reversed in response to treatment with ampicillin, an agent that can clean intestinal Trp metabolism flora. Moreover, after using CH223191, an inhibitor of the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway, dietary Trp could not exert neuroprotective roles in the rotenone‐induced rat model of PD.ConclusionThese results suggest that Trp in the diet can protect against rotenone‐induced neurotoxicity to ameliorate motor deficits, which may be mediated through activating AhR pathway.
Informing or obfuscating stakeholders: Integrated reporting and the information environment
Authors: Sinnewe Elisabeth , Yao Troy , Zaman Mahbub 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe global development of integrated reporting (IR) is underpinned by the recognition of increased complexity of businesses and stakeholder demands for information relating to financial performance, management, corporate governance, and sustainability being provided in a single, coherent document which facilitates stakeholder decision making. This paper examines the lexical properties of IR following the introduction of the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) Framework. Using an international sample, we find that when adopted voluntarily, IR are lengthier, use more complex language, and contain more boilerplate statements. Our findings suggest that without regulation, firms may continue to produce long and difficult to understand reports in fear of being perceived as omitting “bad news.” This fear might be justified as we find loss of analyst following and greater analyst uncertainty when voluntarily adopted IR is concise. In the regulated setting of South Africa, however, we find IR has become more concise, and firms that produce longer and more complex documents suffer from a deterioration of their information environment. Our findings suggest that regulators and practitioners need to be cognizant of the potential for an increased volume in reporting to obfuscate the message rather than inform stakeholders.
Heparin, compression, and radial artery occlusion: Less is more
Authors: Tehrani David M. , Seto Arnold H. 
Published: June 2021

Key Points
Radial artery occlusion is a function of anticoagulation, compression time, compression pressure, and vascular injury from sheath size and puncture attempts.
This study showed that increased levels of anticoagulation during transradial cases is associated with a higher incidence of occlusive hemostasis, increasing the risk of radial artery occlusion.
Reductions in compression time as made possible by adjunctive hemostatic patches may obviate the need for high doses of heparin.
Hollow‐fibre Membrane Contactors for Nitrogen Recovery from Municipal Wastewater
Authors: Richter Lea , Paulsen Svea , Wichern Marc , Grömping Markus , Robecke Ulrich , Haberkamp Jens 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProzesswasser aus der Faulschlammentwässerung von kommunalen Kläranlagen stellt eine zusätzliche stoffliche Belastung der Anlage in Form von Stickstoff dar. Die Hauptkläranlage Münster betreibt zur Stickstoffentfernung und ‐rückgewinnung aus Prozesswasser eine innovative Membrankontaktorenanlage im großtechnischen Maßstab. Im Rahmen dieser Studie werden Auswirkungen auf die Leistung und den Betrieb der Membran sowie die Verwertung des produzierten Düngers untersucht. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen Stickstoffentfernungsleistungen von ca. 85 % und eine regionale Verwertbarkeit des produzierten Düngers.
Effect of electrical cardioversion on 1‐year outcomes in patients with early recurrence after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Dong Zheng , Du Xin , Hou Xiao‐Xia , He Liu , Dong Jian‐Zeng , Ma Chang‐Sheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence is common in the 3‐month blanking‐period after catheter ablation, during which electrical cardioversion (ECV) is usually performed to restore sinus rhythm. Whether ECV can affect the clinical outcome of post‐ablation AF patients is inconsistent, however. We aimed to explore the 1‐year effect of ECV on AF recurrence and rehospitalization in patients experienced recurrence within 3‐month after AF catheter ablation.MethodsPatients who experienced recurrence within 3‐month after AF catheter ablation procedure were enrolled from the China Atrial Fibrillation Registry (China‐AF). A 1:3 Propensity score matching (PSM) method was applying to adjust the confounders between patients who had been treated by ECV or not. Logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the association of ECV with 1‐year AF recurrence and rehospitalization.ResultsIn this study, 2961 patients experienced AF recurrence within 3‐month after the procedure, and 282 of them underwent successful ECV, 2155 patients did not undergo ECV. One‐year AF recurrence rates were 56.4% in ECV group versus 65.4% in non‐ECV group (p = .003), and were 55.9% versus 65.9%, respectively, after PSM (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49–0.88, p = .005). However, the difference of 1‐year rehospitalization rates between two groups were not statistically significant before (ECV group: 23.7% vs. non‐ECV group: 22.3%, p = .595) and after PSM (ECV group: 24.4% vs. non‐ECV group: 21.6%, adjusted OR1.14; 95% CI 0.81–1.62, p = .451).ConclusionsSuccessful ECV was associated with lower rate of one‐year recurrence in patients with early recurrent AF after catheter ablation.
Effects of Lemborexant on the Pharmacokinetics of Oral Contraceptives: Results From a Phase 1 Drug‐Drug Interaction Study in Healthy Females
Authors: Landry Ishani , Aluri Jagadeesh , Hall Nancy , Filippov Gleb , Dayal Satish , Moline Margaret , Reyderman Larisa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLemborexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist approved in multiple countries including the United States, Canada, and Japan for the treatment of insomnia in adults. As women of childbearing potential may be prescribed insomnia drugs, a drug‐drug interaction study was conducted. This single‐center, open‐label, fixed‐sequence study examined potential drug‐drug interactions between lemborexant and an oral contraceptive (OC) in healthy females (18–44 years, n = 20). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lemborexant 10 mg (at steady state) on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of OC (0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol and 1.5 mg norethindrone acetate), assess the effect of a single dose of OC on lemborexant pharmacokinetics, and evaluate safety and tolerability of lemborexant and OC coadministration. Ethinyl estradiol maximum plasma drug concentration was not altered by lemborexant coadministration; area under the curve from zero time to the last quantifiable concentration was slightly increased, by 13%. No clinically relevant effects on norethindrone acetate pharmacokinetics were observed. Coadministration of OC with lemborexant had no clinically relevant effect on the steady‐state pharmacokinetics of lemborexant. Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile. These results support the conclusion that lemborexant and OC can be coadministered without dose adjustment.
Intravaginal Tolterodine Formulation Intended for Overactive Bladder Treatment—Results of a Pharmacokinetic Phase I Pilot Study in Healthy, Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Donath Frank , Hoffmann Larissa , Todorova‐Sanjari Marina , Wedemeyer Ralph‐Steven , Warnke André , Nickisch Klaus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim was to assess the pharmacokinetics of tolterodine released from vaginal rings and of its active metabolite 5‐hydroxymethyl tolterodine (5‐HMT) compared to the respective pharmacokinetics resulting from oral administration of extended‐release tolterodine in healthy, postmenopausal women. In this single‐center, open‐label trial, subjects received 4 treatments in a fixed sequence: fasted oral extended‐release tolterodine 2.74 mg/d (reference, 5 days), single vaginal rings; tolterodine releasing rates: 0.95 mg/d (test 1, 13 days), 1.40 mg/d (test 2, 28 days), 1.90 mg/d (test 3, 28 days). Systemic exposure of tolterodine, 5‐HMT, and the molar sum of unbound tolterodine/5‐HMT (active moiety [AM]) in steady state was determined. Sixteen of 18 included women completed the study. For the oral formulation, peak‐trough fluctuations of tolterodine, 5‐HMT, and AM plasma concentrations (AM: mean maximum/minimum concentration, 2580/574 pmol/L = 4.5) were large. Intravaginal application led to steadier plasma concentrations (AM, test 3: mean maximum/minimum concentration, 1880/814 pmol/L = 2.3; fluctuation due to initial peak), which is the result of constant releasing rates after ring insertion over the 28‐day application period. The vaginal rings demonstrated a favorable local tolerability. The most common adverse events with oral and vaginal tolterodine were headache (n = 11) and dry mouth (n = 8). Vaginal rings releasing tolterodine represent a promising new formulation for overactive bladder treatment with little fluctuation of drug plasma levels. This is expected to lead to a more predictable and continuous therapeutic effect and a reduced frequency of side effects compared to oral tolterodine.