bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliations with isolated singularities on Hirzebruch surfaces
Authors: Galindo Carlos , Monserrat Francisco , Olivares Jorge 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study foliations

ℱ

{\mathcal{F}}

on Hirzebruch surfaces

S
δ

{S_{\delta}}

and prove that, similarly
to those on the projective plane, any

ℱ

{\mathcal{F}}

can be represented by a bi-homogeneous
polynomial affine 1-form. In case

ℱ

{\mathcal{F}}

has isolated singularities,
we show that, for

δ
=
1

{\delta=1}

, the singular scheme of

ℱ

{\mathcal{F}}

does determine the foliation, with some exceptions that we describe, as is the case of
foliations in the projective plane. For

δ
≠
1

{\delta\neq 1}

, we prove that
the singular scheme of

ℱ

{\mathcal{F}}

does not determine the foliation. However,
we prove that, in most cases, two foliations

ℱ

{\mathcal{F}}

and

ℱ
′

{\mathcal{F}^{\prime}}

given by sections s and

s
′

{s^{\prime}}

have the same singular scheme if and only
if

s
′

=

Φ
⁢

(
s
)

{s^{\prime}=\Phi(s)}

, for some global endomorphism Φ of the tangent bundle of

S
δ

{S_{\delta}}

.
Data Ethics Frameworks
Authors: Häußler Helena 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungZuletzt veröffentlichten viele Organisationen ethische Richtlinien, um ihre Haltung gegen Diskriminierung durch Algorithmen zu betonen. Vier dieser Frameworks werden mithilfe der kritischen Diskursanalyse untersucht. Ziel ist es, die darin vermittelten Werte und Wertkonflikte zu identifizieren. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass etablierte Werte aus der Computer- und Informationsethik aufgegriffen und bestehende Machtstrukturen zwischen Akteuren verstärkt werden.
Logarithmic diameter bounds for some Cayley graphs
Authors: Pham Lam , Zhang Xin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Let

S
⊂

GL
n

⁢

(
Z
)

S\subset\mathrm{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{Z})

be a finite symmetric set.
We show that if the Zariski closure of

Γ
=

⟨
S
⟩

\Gamma=\langle S\rangle

is a product of special linear groups or a special affine linear group, then the diameter of the Cayley graph

Cay
⁡

(

Γ
/
Γ

⁢

(
q
)

,

π
q

⁢

(
S
)

)

\operatorname{Cay}(\Gamma/\Gamma(q),\pi_{q}(S))

is

O
⁢

(

log
⁡
q

)

O(\log q)

, where 𝑞 is an arbitrary positive integer,

π
q

:

Γ
→

Γ
/
Γ

⁢

(
q
)

\pi_{q}\colon\Gamma\to\Gamma/\Gamma(q)

is the canonical projection induced by the reduction modulo 𝑞, and the implied constant depends only on 𝑆.
The role of family adaptation in the transition to adulthood for youth with medical complexity: a qualitative case study protocol
Authors: Li Lin , Carter Nancy , Ploeg Jenny , Gorter Jan Willem , Strachan Patricia H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
For youth with medical complexity and their families, the transition to adulthood is a stressful and disruptive period that is further complicated by the transfer from relatively integrated and familiar pediatric services to more fragmented and unfamiliar adult services. Previous studies report that families feel abandoned, overwhelmed, and unsupported during transition. In order to provide better support to families, we need to understand how families currently manage transition, what supports they need most, and how key factors influence their experiences. The aim of this study is to understand how families of youth with medical complexity adapt to the youth’s transition to adulthood and transfer to adult health care, social, and education services, and to explain how contextual factors interact to influence this process.

Methods
Informed by the Life Course Health Development framework, this study will use a qualitative explanatory case study design. The sample will include 10–15 families (1–3 participants per family) of youth with medical complexity (aged 16–30 years) who have lived experience with the youth’s transition to adulthood and transfer to adult services. Data sources will include semi-structured interviews and resources participants identified as supporting the youth’s transition. Reflexive thematic analysis will be used to analyze interview data; directed content analysis will be used for documentary evidence.

Discussion
While previous studies report that families experience significant challenges and emotional toll during transition, it is not known how they adapt to these challenges. Through this study, we will identify what is currently working for families, what they continue to struggle with, and what their most urgent needs are in relation to transition. The anticipated findings will inform both practice solutions and policy changes to address the needs of these families during transition. This study will contribute to the evidence base needed to develop novel solutions and advance policies that will meaningfully support successful transitions for families of youth with medical complexity.
Embedded root phenomena and indirect speech reports
Authors: García Núñez José María 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article analyzes the occurrence of performative root phenomena in complement clauses. I show that the clauses that host this kind of phenomena have the same distribution as direct speech complements. I argue that the correspondence is based on the fact that, due to their rich syntactic left periphery, these embedded clauses convey speech acts. This assumption receives further support by the grammatical behavior of what I argue are the two major classes of verbs subordinating direct speech and ERP-hosting embedded clauses: locutionary and illocutionary embedding verbs. I analyze illocutionary verbs as bearing an abstract illocutionary predicate selecting either a propositional or a speech-act type, and locutionary verbs as ordinary relational predicates selecting a speech-act type. Taken together, these elements allow for a straightforward syntax-semantics interface and explain the differentiated behavior of root phenomena in complements to locutionary and illocutionary verbs.
Median-Tree: An Efficient Counterpart of Tree-of-Shapes
Authors: Mirmahboub Behzad , Maia Deise Santana , Merciol François , Lefèvre Sébastien 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Representing an image through a tree structure as provided with a morphological hierarchy enables efficient image analysis and processing methods operating directly on the tree structure. Max-tree and min-tree can be built with efficient algorithms but they only focus on brighter and darker components of the image respectively. Conversely, the Tree-of-Shapes is a self-complementary image representation that provides access to all regional extrema of the image (both brighter and darker components), but its computation is more time-consuming. In this paper, we introduce a new, simple and efficient tree structure called median-tree. It relies on a median image that is straightforwardly constructed by subtracting the median pixel value from an image to decompose it into positive and negative parts. The median tree can then be obtained by applying the efficient max-tree algorithms available in the literature on this median image. We show through theoretical and experimental studies that the median-tree offers similar characteristics to the Tree-of-Shapes, but comes with a considerably lower construction complexity.
Teaching communication strategies for the workplace: a multimodal framework
Authors: Hartle Sharon , Facchinetti Roberta , Franceschi Valeria 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recent changes in Higher Education (HE) approaches to content delivery, coupled with breakthroughs in the Information and Communications Technology field, have led to a whole new multimodal approach to teaching (Jewitt, C. 2009). In: Jewitt, C. (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of multimodal analysis. Routledge, London & New York; Jewitt, C. (2013). Multimodal methods for researching digital technologies. In: Jewitt, C. and Brown, B. (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of digital technology research. Sage, London, pp. 250–265; Kress, G. and van Leeuwen, T. (2001). Multimodal discourse. Bloomsbury Academic, London). Multimodality in language teaching increasingly draws on multiple channels of communication and not simply text on a page. Multimodal awareness and competence are also paramount in intercultural and interpersonal communication, which has become increasingly common in today’s global workplace. Through the description of the activities implemented in the English for Professional Purposes (EPP) course entitled English for the World of Work, held at the University of Verona, we will illustrate our multimodal, EPP framework based on Littlewood’s learning continuum, which ranges from analytical study to experiential practice (2014). Our principal aim, however, is to highlight ways in which the didactic framework fosters an awareness of and competence in key areas such as multimodal competence and intercultural awareness as skills required for effective communication in today’s world of work.
A Hidden Agenda of Imperial Appropriation and Power Play? Iconological Considerations Concerning Apse Images and Their Role in the Iconoclast Controversy
Authors: Niewöhner Philipp 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
According to the written sources, the Iconoclast controversy was all about the veneration of icons. It started in the late seventh century, after most iconodule provinces had been lost to Byzantine rule, and lasted until the turn of the millennium or so, when icon veneration became generally established in the remaining parts of the Byzantine Empire. However, as far as material evidence and actual images are concerned, the Iconoclast controversy centred on apse images and other, equally large and monumental representations, none of which were ever venerated. Prior to Iconoclasm, such images had not been customary at Constantinople, where the early Christian tradition had been largely aniconic and focused on the symbol of the cross. Thus, the introduction of monumental Christian imagery to Constantinople appears to have been a major aspect of the Iconoclast controversy. This paper asks why and finds that the images in question, whilst not for veneration and therefore not essential to the theological debate, stood out for imperial propaganda. They led to close visual integration of the emperor and the church that had previously been kept apart, because aniconic traditions used to limit imperial presence inside Constantinopolitan church buildings. It seems, then, that the Iconoclast controversy, although conducted in religious terms, was partly driven by a hidden agenda of imperial appropriation and power play.
Das ‚Schisma von 1054‘ als mikro- und makrohistorisches Ereignis. Überlegungen zu einem theologisch-kirchenpolitischen Erklärungsmodell
Authors: Khislavski Grigori 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article will formulate an explanatory model in which all the specifics of the controversy between Rome and Constantinople in the schism of 1054 will be considered in theological and ecclesiastical-political terms. Thus, both the complexity of the historical context and the diversity of the motives of its protagonists will be taken into account. In a first step, the current state of research on the events of 1054 will be presented, before confronting it with open questions in a second step. They are derived partly from the historical context, partly from the ambivalent information conveyed by Latin and Greek sources. The latter entails several source-critical problems, but thereby offers a chance to pose new questions to „old“ sources. Based on these open questions, the sources will be re-read and re-interpreted in terms of determining the course of events in 1054 and the motives of the protagonists of the 1054 schism.
Linear-polarized terahertz isolator by breaking the gyro-mirror symmetry in cascaded magneto-optical metagrating
Authors: Tan Zhiyu , Fan Fei , Zhao Dan , Li Shanshan , Wang Xianghui , Chang Shengjiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To realize nonreciprocal transmission, it is necessary to break the time-reversal symmetry of the transmission system, but it is very challenging to keep the linear polarized (LP) input and output unchanged in the free space transmission system. Magnetized semiconductor InSb can realize terahertz (THz) nonreciprocal transmission for the two conjugated photonic spin states, but it cannot realize efficient one-way transmission of LP state due to gyro-mirror symmetry. In this work, by introducing a pair of orthogonal uniaxial anisotropies from the meta-gratings on both sides of InSb, both the gyro-mirror and time-reversal symmetries are broken for the LP state, thus making this cascaded grating–InSb–grating structure serves as a high-performance isolator for the LP light. The experiment results indicate isolation of 50 dB at 0.4 THz for the same LP input and output under a weak biased magnetic field of 0.17 T. Moreover, we further illustrate the factors affecting the isolation bandwidth of the device, also demonstrated another broadband structure with the 10 dB isolation bandwidth from 0.2–0.7 THz, and the relative bandwidth achieves 110%. The mechanisms of THz nonreciprocal transmission and polarization manipulation proposed in this work will contribute to the development of efficient THz magneto-optical devices.
An improved image processing algorithm for automatic defect inspection in TFT-LCD TCON
Authors: Yan Liyuan , Cengiz Korhan , Sharma Amit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe demand to improve image display in TFT-LCD, implementation of design for image processing is important. In order to meet the specific requirements of low-end Thin Film Transistor-Liquid-Crystal-Display (TFT-LCD) image display. This paper adopts a novel algorithm to conduct subsequent processing of the medical image after SCALER scaling, including contrast adjustment, gamma correction and dithering. Dithering algorithm is the focus of our research. After the study of some classical video image processing algorithms, and considering the real-time requirements, an intelligent algorithm is implemented for hardware implementation and improvement. For each part, MATLAB language is firstly used for advanced simulation to verify its feasibility, and then Right-To-Left (RTL) hardware language description is carried out. The characteristics extraction from images is performed implementing RGB standard and grayscale images. The pixel intensity is analyzed for each RGB component and the variance is calculated. When a panel displays a variation of 6% related with their reference values, the panel is rejected. The results obtained from classification shows a 95.24% accuracy rate in the detection of defects. The results of the two simulations show that the design achieves the expected goal, and the processing time is shorter.
Optical properties of two-dimensional two-electron quantum dot in parabolic confinement
Authors: Woldemariam Menberu Mengesha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Hamiltonian and wavefunctions of two-dimensional two-electron quantum dots (2D2eQD) in parabolic confinement are determined. The ground and excited state energies are calculated solving the Schrödinger equation analytically and numerically. To determine the energy eigen-value of the system variational method is employed due to the large coupling constant

λ
≈
1.1

\lambda \approx 1.1

. The trial wavefunctions are developed for both ground and excited states. The ground state wave function is a para state and the excited state wavefunctions belong to both para and ortho states based on the symmetry and antisymmetry of spatial wavefunctions. Using the obtained energy eigen-values at the two states, the first- and third-order nonlinear absorption coefficient and refractive index are analytically obtained with the help of density matrix formalism and iterative procedure.
The effects of ZnO nanoparticle reinforcement on thermostability, mechanical, and optical properties of the biodegradable PBAT film
Authors: Wang Ting , Shi Ying , Li Yongchao , Liu Li-Zhi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Among various nanomaterials used for food packaging, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are one of the best choices due to their high antimicrobial property. However, for biodegradable materials like poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), biodegradability can be limited by the antibacterial function. Thus, in the present study, reinforced PBAT films with different weight percentages (1, 3, and 5 wt%) of ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by the casting process to investigate the effects of ZnO on the thermostability, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of the PBAT film. The results showed that the small amount of ZnO (1 wt%) reduced the decomposition temperature of the PBAT film by nearly 50 °C, and the thermal stability was significantly decreased with the increasing ZnO content. Melt flow index comparison showed that the ZnO nanoparticles accelerated the room temperature degradation rate of PBAT films. In addition, due to the degradation effect of ZnO nanoparticles, the mechanical properties such as the total percentage of elongation (at break), the tensile strength, and yield strength decreased with the addition of ZnO nanoparticles. The antibacterial test showed that PBAT + 1 wt% ZnO films could achieve high antibacterial activity (R = 6.8) against Escherichia coli. This study is important for controlling the degradation period of biodegradable materials.
Die politische Ökonomie von Massenprotesten und Revolutionen
Authors: Apolte Thomas 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Herbst 1989 veränderten politische Proteste die Welt. Ein Regime nach dem anderen kollabierte unter dem Druck massenhafter Proteste, und es sah danach aus, als ob es sich kein Regime mehr leisten könne, den Willen und die Bedürfnisse der Bevölkerung zu ignorieren. Inzwischen ist dieser Eindruck breiter Ernüchterung gewichen. Vor allem nach offenkundig manipulierten Wahlen flammen zwar immer wieder Massenproteste auf, doch werden sie meist erfolgreich unterdrückt. In der modernen Politischen Ökonomie hat sich eine umfangreiche Literatur rund um diese Thematik etabliert. Thomas Apolte gibt in diesem Beitrag einen Überblick darüber und analysiert vor diesem Hintergrund, unter welchen Bedingungen sich in autokratischen Regimen Massenprotest formiert, wann solche Proteste die Stabilität eines autokratischen Regimes gefährden und, als Ausblick, wann ein Regimekollaps den Weg in eine demokratische Gesellschaft ebnen kann.
Could IL-6 predict the clinical severity of COVID-19?
Authors: Aykal Guzin , Esen Hatice , Seyman Derya , Çalışkan Tuğba 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
An excessive inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 is thought to be a major cause of disease severity in COVID-19. The aim herein was to determine the prognostic value of IL-6, and demonstrate the comparison between IL-6 and related parameters in COVID-19.

Methods
Data were collected from 115 COVID-19 patients.

Results
The median age was 46.04 years in the mild group, 56.42 years in the moderate group, and 62.92 years in the severe group (p=0.001). There was a significant difference in the hospitalized clinic to intensive care unit ratio among the patients (p<0.001). The IL-6 values were significantly higher in the severe group than those in the mild (p=0.04) and moderate groups (p=0.043). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for IL-6, as predictor of severe clinical condition, was 0.864 (95% CI 0.765–0.963 p=0.000). The longitudinal analyses showed that the severe group presented with significantly increased IL-6 levels during hospitalization.

Conclusions
IL‐6 seemed to be a guide in the early diagnosis of severe COVID-19 and an ideal marker for monitoring negative outcome.
Spin coherent states, Bell states, spin Hamilton operators, entanglement, Husimi distribution, uncertainty relation and Bell inequality
Authors: Durieux Dylan , Steeb Willi-Hans 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigate spin Hamilton operators and compare spin coherent states and Bell states concerning entanglement, Husimi distributions, uncertainty relation and Bell inequality. The distances between spin coherent states and Bell states are derived. The Rayleigh quotients of spin Hamilton operators for spin coherent states and Bell states are evaluated and compared.
Two 2D Co(II)/Mn(II) coordination polymers based on the quinoline-2,3-dicarboxylate ligand: synthesis, crystal structure, and fluorescence properties
Authors: Zhao Ya-Li , Weng Qi-Ying , Xie Yu-Qian , Li Jia-Ming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A pair of two-dimensional (2D) isostructural coordination polymers (CPs), {[Co(2,3-qldc)(H2O)]}
n
(1) and {[Mn(2,3-qldc)(H2O)]}
n
(2), where 2,3-H2qldc = quinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized through IR spectroscopy, elemental and thermal analysis, power X-ray diffraction, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results have revealed that the fully deprotonated 2,3-H2qldc ligand connects the Co(II)/Mn(II) atoms with a μ
3-bridge to form a square-wave 2D network, which is further extended into 3D stacks through O–H···O, C–H···O hydrogen bonds and π···π stacking interactions. Topologically, 1 or 2 can be simplified as a 4-connected
sql
type with a Schläfli symbol {44·62} and a Shubnikov tetragonal plane net, or as a 3-connected
fes
type with a Schläfli symbol {4·82} and a Shubnikov plane net. The thermal stability and the solid state fluorescence properties of 1 and 2 were investigated.
Superexchange interactions in AgMF4 (M = Co, Ni, Cu) polymorphs
Authors: Domański Mateusz A. , Grochala Wojciech 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Magnetic properties of silver(II) compounds have been of interest in recent years. In covalent compounds, the main mechanism of interaction between paramagnetic sites is the superexchange via the connecting ligand. To date, little is known of magnetic interactions between Ag(II) cations and other paramagnetic centres. It is because only a few compounds bearing a Ag(II) cation and other paramagnetic transition metal cation are known from experimental work. Recently the high-pressure synthesis of ternary silver(II) fluoridometallates with 3d metal cations AgMF4 (M = Co, Ni, Cu) was predicted to be feasible. Here, we investigate the magnetic properties of these compounds in their diverse polymorphic forms. Using well-established computational methods we predict superexchange pathways in AgMF4 compounds, evaluate coupling constants and calculate the impact of the Ag(II) presence on superexchange between the other cations. The results indicate that the low-pressure form of AgCuF4, the only one composed of stacked layers like the parent AgF2, would show mainly Ag–Ag and Cu–Cu superexchange interactions. Upon compression, or with the nickel(II) cation, the Ag–M interactions in AgMF4 compounds are intensified, which is emphasized by an increase of Ag–M superexchange coupling constants and Ag–F–M angles. All the strongest Ag–M superexchange pathways are quasi-linear, leading to the formation of antiferromagnetic chains along the crystallographic directions. The impact of Ag(II) on M–M superexchange turns out to be moderate, due to factors connected to the crystal structure.