bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISA PENGARUH VARIASI TEKANAN DAN JENIS BAHAN BAKAR TERHADAP SUDUT SPRAY DAN PEMBAKARAN BAHAN BAKAR YANG DISEMPROTKAN INJEKTOR HONDA BEAT
Authors: Efendi Achmad Dwi 
Published: February 2021

Pada motor bakar dengan sistem injeksi sistem bahan bakarnya menggunakan injektor untuk menspray bahan bakar. Pada penelitian ini penulis akan menganalisa pengaruh tekanan dan jenis bahan bakar terhadap sudut spray dan pembakaran bahan bakar yang disemprotkan menggunakan injektor honda beat, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sudut spray, panajang api dan panjang flashback pembakaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah meneliti sudut spray,panjang api dan flash back pembakaran bahan bakar pertamax dan pertalite dengan tekanan 3 kg/cm2, 4 kg/cm2, dan 5 kg/cm2, pada injektor 6 lubang dengan diameter 0.15 mm milik honda beat tahun 2013 Dari pengujian yang dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa tekanan dan jenis bahan bakar berpengaruh pada sudut spray, panjang api dan flashback api dengan hasil penelitian dimana data yang diperoleh dsri pengujian menunjukkan bahwa nilai sudut spray, panjang api dan panjang flashback pertalite lebih besar dari pada pertamax
Differences in Norwegian and Swedish student teachers’ explanations of solutions of linear equations
Authors: Larson Niclas , Larsson Kerstin 
Published: February 2021

This study draws on data from 146 Norwegian and 161 Swedish student teachers. They were given a correct but short and unannotated solution to the linear equation x + 5 = 4x – 1. The student teachers were invited to explain the solution provided for a fictive friend, who was absent when the teacher introduced this topic. An accurate solution of this equation contains two additive and one multiplicative operation.
There are two main strategies for solving a linear equation, ‘swap sides swap signs’ (SSSS) and ‘do the same to both sides’ (DSBS). Of the Norwegian student teachers, 2/3 explained the additive steps in the solution by SSSS, while only 1/3 of the Swedish student teachers applied SSSS. Consequently, DSBS was more frequent among the Swedish student teachers regarding the additive steps. However, in the final, multiplicative step, 3/4 of the Norwegian student teachers chose to explain by DSBS. On the contrary, among the Swedish student teachers the proportion applying DSBS for the multiplicative step of the solution decreased, and almost as many provided a deficient explanation of the final operation.
We discuss possible reasons for differences between the nations. We also suggest how teacher educators in both countries can use the results of this study to improve student teachers’ explanations of how to solve linear equations.
Utvikling av digitale læringsressurser for forkurs for ingeniørutdanning på tvers av studiesteder
Authors: Esjeholm Bjørn-Tore , Fredriksen H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fra høsten 2019 har forkursene for ingeniørutdanning ved UiT-Norges arktiske universitet deltatt i prosjektet «Sammen 2021» der målet er å bedre gjennomstrømmingen og øke rekrutteringen til ingeniørstudiene gjennom å forbedre studieopplegget og læringsprosessene i alle fagene på forkursene. Forkurs/realfagskurs tilbys i dag ved studiestedene Alta, Tromsø, Narvik og Bodø. Tidligere har lokale lærere ved de ulike studiestedene vært autonome og i stor grad laget opplegg og tilrettelagt for læring gjennom tradisjonell klasseromsundervisning. Graden av samarbeid på tvers av studiestedene har stort sett begrenset seg til felles heldagsprøver rundt semesterslutt. I prosjektet har de ca. 20 faglærerne dannet grupper på tvers av studiesteder innen hvert fag og både sammen og hver for seg utviklet digitale læringsressurser (forelesninger, oppgaver, selvrettende tester, animasjoner m.m.) som fortløpende er tatt i bruk i undervisningen. De utviklede ressursene er stilt til disposisjon for alle lærerne som dermed kan velge opplegg fra en stadig økende base av faglige opplegg. Som en del av prosjektet har det vært tatt i bruk ulike typer teknologi til produksjon av læringsressurser, og det har også blitt gitt felles kursing innen blant annet produksjon og bruk av film og LMS. Det er en forutsetning at det i prosjektet skal legges til rette for mer studentaktiv læring. 1,5 år ut i prosjektet har studenter og faglærere svart på spørreundersøkelser for å kartlegge erfaringer og synspunkter på prosjektet. Resultatene viser at faglærerne i hovedsak vektlegger økt samarbeid med kollegaer og økt egenkompetanse innen produksjon av digitale læremidler som positive utfall av prosjektet. Studentenes respons til en blanding av digital undervisning utenfor klasserommet i kombinasjon med fellestimer i klasserommet er overveiende positiv. Studentene peker på mangel på sosial kontakt med andre studenter og vanskeligheter med å få hjelp av lærer utenfor klasserommet som negative aspekter ved digital læring.
Er vi bedre på læringsaktiviteter enn på læringsutbyttebeskrivelser?
Authors: Holtermann Kristin , Gjerdevik Birthe , Rensvik Beate Ulrikke , Balevik Stine Beate , Stokka Tone 
Published: February 2021

I denne artikkelen ser vi på sammenhengen mellom læringsaktiviteter og innholdet i læringsutbyttebeskrivelser. Vår undersøkelse av læringsutbyttebeskrivelser viser at flere av ferdighetene og de generelle kompetansene inngår i emnene sine læringsaktiviteter, men at de ikke alltid gjenspeiles i læringsutbyttebeskrivelsene på emnene.
Læringsutbyttebeskrivelser tydeliggjør for student og underviser hva forventet læring i emnet er og bør derfor vise det reelle innholdet i emnene. Ved utforming av læringsutbyttebeskrivelser er det viktig å se på sammenhengen mellom læringsutbytte, læringsaktivitet og vurdering (constructive alignment) (Biggs og Tang, 2011; Biggs, 2014). Læringsutbyttet gir oversikt over innhold i emner og konkretiserer hvilke emner som har ansvar for ulike deler av gradens samlede læringsutbytte. Læringsutbyttebeskrivelser kan også vise arbeidslivsrelevans gjennom synliggjøring av ferdigheter og generell kompetanse (Smith og Reid, 2018).
Bakgrunnen for undersøkelsen er prosjektet Generiske ferdigheter ved Det matematisk- naturvitenskapelige fakultet ved Universitetet i Bergen. Prosjektet inkluderer en emnekartlegging (curriculum mapping) der emnenes innhold av ferdigheter og generell kompetanse uttrykt som samarbeid, skriftlig og muntlig kommunikasjon samt kritisk tenking og informasjonskompetanse ble identifisert.
Vi undersøkte om svarene fra emnekartleggingen kan gjenfinnes i læringsutbyttebekrivelsene for utvalgte emner. Gjennomføring av emnekartlegging kan brukes for å se på innholdet av generell kompetanse i utdanningen, men det er lite fokus på den praktiske utførelsen av dette (Sumsion og Goodfellow, 2004; Lam og Tsui, 2014). Derimot er det få artikler som konkretiserer hvordan man bruker resultatene fra en emnekartlegging for å identifisere mangler i læringsutbyttebeskrivelser. Dette paperet vil kunne bidra til en bedre forståelse av hvordan man kan jobbe med dette.
Studenters forberedelse til undervisning i Team-Based Learning. Selv-regulert læring og tidsbruk
Authors: Irgens Børge 
Published: February 2021

Omvendt undervisning, hvor studentene forbereder seg individuelt før undervisningsøktene, benyttes i mange emner for å få tid til å gjøre mer studentaktive læringsaktiviteter i undervisningen. For at dette skal fungere bra må studentene motiveres til å forberede seg, spesielt hvis læringsaktivitetene innebærer gruppearbeid. Team-Based Learning (TBL), som kan regnes som en spesiell type omvendt undervisning, er en tilnærming som skal være spesielt egnet for å motivere studentene til å forberede seg.
Målene med denne studien var å kartlegge studenters tidsbruk, selvregulering- og læringsstrategier i forkant av undervisningen og å undersøke sammenhengen mellom disse faktorene og resultat på en forberedelsestest som gjennomføres i begynnelsen av undervisningsøktene i et TBL basert emne. Studien ble gjennomført i emnet FYS-1001 mekanikk ved UiT Norges arktiske universitet høsten 2020. Omtrent 30 studenter tok emnet for første gang.
Informasjon om studentenes selvregulering- og læringsstrategier ble samlet inn ved bruk av spørreskjemaet Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. For å måle hvor forberedt studentene var for klasseromsundervisningen ble det gjennomført førtester i starten av enkelte undervisningsøkter. Studentene oppga også hvor mye tid de hadde brukt til å forberede seg og hvor mange dager de hadde brukt.
Det ble ikke funnet signifikante forskjeller i selvregulering- og læringsstrategier mellom studentene som var godt og dårlig forberedt til undervisningen.
Scaled Prediction Variances of Equiradial Design under Changing Design Sizes, Axial Distances and Center Runs
Authors: Chekwube Bartholomew, Desmond , Paul Obite, Chukwudi , Joan Ismaila-Cosmos 
Published: February 2021

The aim of every design choice is to minimize the prediction error, especially at every location of the design space, thus, it is important to measure the error at all locations in the design space ranging from the design center (origin) to the perimeter (distance from the origin). The measure of the errors varies from one design type to another and considerably the distance from the design center. Since this measure is affected by design sizes, it is ideal to scale the variance for the purpose of model comparison. Therefore, we have employed the Scaled Prediction Variance and D – optimality criterion to check the behavior of equiradial designs and compare them under varying axial distances, design sizes and center points. The following similarities were observed: (i) increasing the design radius (axial distance) of an equiradial design changes the maximum determinant of the information matrix by five percent of the new axial distance (5% of 1.414 = 0.07) see Table 3. (ii) increasing the nc center runs pushes the maximum SPV(x) to the furthest distance from the design center (0 0) (iii) changing the design radius changes the location in the design region with maximum SPV(x) by a multiple of the change and (iv) changing the design radius also does not change the maximum SPV(x) at different radial points and center runs . Based on the findings of this research, we therefore recommend consideration of equiradial designs with only two center runs in order to maximize the determinant of the information matrix and minimize the scaled prediction variances.
Effectiveness of the MIS Units in SUCs Samar-Leyte Islands through Management Functions: Administrators and MIS Personnel Perspective
Authors: Jr. Jose P. Ching , Patimo Donald M. 
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to measure and determine the effectiveness of the MIS units in SUCs Samar-Leyte Islands through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling as perceived by the administrators and MIS personnel. Management functions identify and prepare the future activities to enhance the MIS units, determine the ICT resources, create a consultation, and communicate with other offices/units. This aspect brings advantages and benefits to the institution that capture the defined management objective. Benefits management identifies goals and benefits by combining organizational changes and investments in IS/IT, and also by showing the way to achieve them [1].
As a measure to sustain the effectiveness and importance of the management operation of the MIS unit, this determines the stability, identifies the expansion of services, recognized common standard policies and procedures, improvements, and development in every office in the organization. The process uses a descriptive survey, involves collecting information through data review, surveys questionnaires, and interviews. The findings and analysis of the operational status of the MIS unit as perceived through the management functions (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling). The performance level of satisfaction and effectiveness of the MIS units in terms of management functions were considered by the respondents as very satisfactory, thus proving the effective performance of the MIS operation. This means that the management functions had facilitated collaboratively integrated policies and procedures to properly address the processes of the MIS operations.
Application of Guano Fertilizer and Types of Mulch on Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Wahyuni Adinda , Herawati Netti , Warnita Warnita 
Published: February 2021

Aims: The purpose of this study was to obtain the best interaction between guano doses and mulch on the growth and yield of potato plants.
Study Design: The experimental design used was factorial 2 factors in a completely randomized design (CRD).
Place and Duration of Study: This experiment was carried out in Alahan Panjang, Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency, West Sumatra from March to June 2018.
Methodology: Factorial design 2 factors was use in research. The first factor consisted of 4 levels of guano fertilizer doses of 0, 3, 6 and 9 t ha-1. The second factor consisted of black silver plastic mulch and black plastic mulch. Data were analyzed statistically with the Fisher test and if significantly different then continued with the Duncan’s New Multiple Range test (p≤0.05)
Results: No interaction between guano fertilizer and the two types of mulch tested with
respect to plant height, number of leaves, and smallest tuber diameter were observed. Guano fertilizer at 9 t ha-1 gave the best influence on the number of tubers and the diameter of tuber. Black plastic mulch had the best influence on the number of tubers, the diameter of tuber, the weight of tubers per plant and the weight of tubers per hectare.
Conclusion: The dosage of guano fertilizer of 9 t ha-1gave the best effect on the number and diameter of tubers. The type of black plastic mulch gave the best effect on tuber number, tuber diameter, tuber weight per plant and tuber weight per hectare.
Dust Accumulation, Heavy Metal Content and Stomata Morphology of Some Medicinal Plants at Rock Quarrying Locations at Lokpaukwu, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbonna C. E. , Nwafor F. I. , Ogbonnaya O. O. 
Published: February 2021

Aims: This study evaluated the effect of rock quarrying on dust accumulation, heavy metal content and stomata features of some medicinal plants at Lokpaukwu, Nigeria.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample collection was carried out at the quarry sites in Lokpaukwu, followed by laboratory analyses which were conducted in the Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicines and Centre for Energy Research and Development (CERD), University of Nigeria, Nsukka between January and March, 2019.
Methodology: Five (5) commonly used medicinal plants were selected and collected from the two pollution sites (A and B). Same species collected 20 km away from the sites served as control. Clearing method was employed in foliar micro-analysis while heavy metal accumulation in the samples was estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).
Results: The study showed considerable variation in dust load among the plants from each study site. This led to some observed physiological anomalies– occlusion of stomata pores, plasmolysis, and shrunk epidermal cells. Quantitative stomata parameters were also affected as plants from polluted sites had narrower pores and more number of stomata than the control. Concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Cu) in plants collected from dust polluted sites were also higher than those from the control location. For example, lead and cadmium concentration in most of the plants were in this order: site A > site B > site C.
Conclusion: These findings have further validated reports of earlier researchers on the deleterious effects of dust pollution as a result of quarrying activities on plant health. Strict compliance to precautionary and mitigation measures by both the inhabitants and quarry companies are recommended for safer environment and good health.
Prescribing Trends of Medications Ophthalmological Outpatient Department in a Public Hospital in Alkharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: February 2021

Aim: The present study was undertaken to describe the prescribing pattern of medications in the ophthalmology department in a public hospital in Alkharj.
Methodology: This is a cross sectional study included collecting data from outpatient pharmacy prescriptions in a public hospital in Alkharj. All of the outpatients who received prescriptions from the ophthalmology department between the beginning of July till the end of December 2018 were included in the study.
Results: During the study period, 324 patients received outpatient prescriptions that were written by ophthalmology department. Artificial tears eye drops were the most commonly prescribed drug (29.32%) followed by olopatadine (12.96%), fusidic acid (11.42%) and fluorometholone (10.19%). Most of the prescribers who wrote the prescriptions were residents (98.15%). Eye drop was the most commonly prescribed dosage form (73.77%) followed by ointment (18.21%).
Conclusion: The present study showed that the most commonly prescribed drugs in outpatient ophthalmology department were artificial tears, olopatadine, fusidic acid and fluorometholone. It is also important to increase the awareness of healthcare providers and patients about the appropriate use of these drugs.
Stability Indicating Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Rimegepant in Bulk and Its Tablets Using Rp-HPLC
Authors: Kumar H. M. Sudheer , Chandrasekhar Kothapalli Bannoth 
Published: February 2021

Aim: Ramegepant is a novel molecule belongs to the class of calcitonin gene – related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist, which was developed for the prevention and treatment of migraine. Ramegepant was reported to act at the CGRP receptor with good oral bioavailability. The objective of this study was to develop a simple and fast stability indicating method for the determination of Ramegepant in bulk and tablets.
Methodology: Ramegepant was eluted on a Waters C18 Column with 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d and 5 μm Particle size with a mobile phase of Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer pH 7.0 : Methanol 30:70 v/v in isocratic mode at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The analyte was quantified using a 272 nm PDA detector.
Results: The chromatograms of Ramegepant obtained with this method showed a well resolved retention time at 3.29 min of its excipients and degradation products. The area of ​​the peak with respect to the concentration calibration curves, which were linear from 70 to 210 µg / ml, had a regression coefficient (r2) greater than 0.999. Accuracy and precision have been determined and perfectly matched to the ICH standards.
Conclusion: The study showed that the proposed Rp-HPLC method was simple, fast, robust and reproducible, which can be used for the evaluation of the purity and stability of the drug without interference from excipients or decomposition products of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Development of a Solid - Phase System for the Extraction of Diazinon from Water
Authors: Nanev J. D. , Sha’Ato R. , Igoli J. O. 
Published: February 2021

A selected sorbent granulated activated charcoal solid - phase extraction was developed and used to extract diazinon from distilled water (TDW), distilled deionized water (DDW) and stream water (DW) was studied in the laboratory. Prior to the extraction, the half-live of the diazinon was determined in buffer solutions of pH 6, 7 and 8. The study showed that the half-lives were found to be 0.074, 0.022 and 0.077 hours respectively. Aqueous solution of diazinon was extracted in triplicate from distilled water, deionized distilled water and stream water using SPE systems. The extracted analyte was analysed by uv-visible spectrophotometer. The mean percentage recovery from distilled water, deionized distilled water and stream water using SPE 88.58%, 78.74% ad was 67.85% respectively while diazinon recovery using Liquid-liquid Extraction techniques gave a mean percent recovery of 96.60%, 93.80% and 75.54% for DW, DDW ad SW respectively. The mean percent analyte loss for SPE systems was 32.79%. The value was approximately twice higher than those obtained from LLE techniques with a value of 14.16%. The mean percentage recovery and analyte loss for SPE and LLE were compared. Similarly, the second order rate constant of diazinon of pH6, 7 and 8 were 2.6 x 10-3, 8.8 x10-3 ad 2.5 x 10-3 M-1S-1respectively. The study suggests that granulated activated charcoal can be used as an sorbent to extract diazinon from water.
The combined use of 2D scout and 3D axial CT images to accurately determine the catheter tips for high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy plans
Authors: Qing Kun , Yue Ning J. , Hathout Lara , Ma Chi , Reyhan Meral , Zhu Jiahua , Nie Ke , Monte Gilbert , Vergalasova Irina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo develop a method combining CT scout images with axial images to improve the localization accuracy of catheter tips in high‐dose‐rate (HDR) brachytherapy treatments.Materials and MethodsCT scout images were utilized along with conventionally reconstructed axial images to aid the localization of catheter tips used during HDR treatment planning. A method was developed to take advantage of the finer image resolution of the scout images to more precisely identify the tip coordinates. The accuracies of this method were compared with the conventional method based on the axial CT images alone, for various slice thicknesses, in a computed tomography dose index (CTDI) head phantom. A clinical case which involved multiple interstitial catheters was also selected for the evaluation of this method. Locations of the catheter tips were reconstructed with the conventional CT‐based method and this newly developed method, respectively. Location coordinates obtained via both methods were quantitatively compared.ResultsCombination of the scout and axial CT images improved the accuracy of identification and reconstruction of catheter tips along the longitudinal direction (i.e., head‐to‐foot direction, more or less parallel to the catheter tracks), compared to relying on the axial CT images alone. The degree of improvement was dependent on CT slice thickness. For the clinical patient case, the coordinate differences of the reconstructed catheter tips were 2.6 mm ± 0.9 mm in the head‐to‐foot direction, 0.4 mm ± 0.2 mm in the left‐to‐right direction, and 0.6 mm ± 0.2 mm in the anterior‐to‐posterior direction, respectively.ConclusionCombining CT scout and axial images demonstrates the ability to provide a more accurate identification and reconstruction of the interstitial catheter tips for HDR brachytherapy treatment, especially in the longitudinal direction. The method developed in this work has the potential to be implemented clinically together with automatic segmentation in modern brachytherapy treatment planning systems, in order to improve the reconstruction accuracy of HDR catheters.