bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardio‐Pulmonary Coupling I: Ejection Fraction Effects on Initiator Signals of Next Breathing
Authors: Sun Xingguo 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTIONSince 2011 APS, we introduced new theory of breathing control. The lung breath generated O2, CO2 and [H+] oscillations as trigger of next breath.HYPOTHESISWe assessed the hypothesis that reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (EF) decrease the amplitude of arterial O2, CO2 and [H+] oscillations, due to the mixed‐chamber function of LV for these oscillation information.METHODSWe recorded PO2, PCO2 and flow at mouth using 50Hz database; then based on dead space volume and functional residual capacity to calculate alveolar partial pressure oscillations of O2 and CO2 (same as blood). EF was used to calculate the magnitudes of arterial PO2 and PCO2 oscillation.RESULTSCalculated magnitudes of oscillation PO2 and PCO2 in alveolar were ~7mmHg. While 5:1 for ratio of heart rate to breathe, using EF=75% calculated magnitudes were ~5mmHg in arterial blood. But using EF=20%, the magnitudes decreased to <2mmHg in arterial blood. The lower EF, the weaker signal (magnitude) at artery. This will results that mean of O2 and CO2 at central chemical sensors is unstable, and then breath control ¡°gain¡± goes up and down.CONCLUSIONSBreathing lung generated O2 and CO2 oscillations magnitude decreased in arterial blood are influenced by EF is a mechanism of Cardio‐Pulmonary Intra‐Coupling
ApolipoproteinA‐1 expression attenuates Cigarette Smoke or Elastase‐generated Emphysema in Mice
Authors: Park Sung-woo , Lee Eun hee , Lee Eun-ju , Kim Hee jeong , Jang An soo , Uh Soo-taek , Kim Yong hoon , Park Choon-sik 
Published: June 2021

RationalesApolipoprotein A‐1 (ApoA1) have anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties as well as cholesterol efflux.ObjectivesTo determine if the expression of human ApoA1 within the lung protect against the development of emphysemaMethodsTransgenic human ApoA1 mice(ApoA1 TG) were exposed to CS for 6 month and compared to control transgenic mice. Other ApoA1 TG mice were treated with intratracheal elastase in order to generate emphysema. Measurement; Lung inflammation, oxidative injury was measured in the lung. Emphysema was determined by measuring the mean linear intercept(Lm). Proinflammatory cytokines in the BALF were measured by ELISA and analysis of apoptosis using the TUNEL assay.ResultsCompared with control TG mice, ApoA1 TG mice had significantly less lung inflammation, oxidative damage and apoptosis as well as decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. ApoA1 attenuated the development of emphysema in both the smoke‐induced and elastase‐generated models.ConclusionsOverexpression of ApoA1 prevents CS and elastase induced emphysema in mice. Augmentation of ApoA1 in the lung could be effective for the prevention or treatment of emphysema/COPD.
Enhanced Metabolic Inactivation of PGE2 by Selenium in Macrophages is Mediated by the Up regulation of 15‐hydroxy‐prostaglandin dehydrogenase
Authors: KAUSHAL NAVEEN , Narayan Vivek , Patterson Andrew D , Prabhu Kumble Sandeep 
Published: June 2021

15‐hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15PGDH) is a prostaglandin‐degrading enzyme, which regulates the biological functions of pro‐inflammatory PGE2 leading to the formation of an inactive metabolite, 13,14‐dihydro‐15 keto PGE2. Recent and past studies in our laboratory have indicated the ability of micronutrient antioxidant selenium (Se) to regulate the production of PGE2, while increase the production of PGD2 arm of the arachidonic acid pathway, where selenoproteins play a pivotal role. The shunting of PGH2 to PGD2, instead of PGE2, upon endotoxin challenge by selenoproteins involves complex regulatory circuits involving the upregulation of H‐PGDS accompanied by the downregulation of mPGES‐1, which catalyzes the production of PGE2. Here we demonstrate the ability of Se to upregulate the expression of 15PGDH in a dose‐dependent manner in a murine macrophage model. Treatment of cells with sodium selenite increased the expression of 15PGDH mRNA; while those treated with organo‐Se compounds failed to upregulate 15PGDH suggesting the essential role of selenoproteins. Given that upregulation of 15PGDH is a critical component in the resolution of inflammation, we discuss the implication of upregulation of 15PGDH by Se in a DSS‐induced model of ulcerative colitis.Grant Funding Source: NIH DK077152
Regulated metabolism of Vitamin A by retinol dehydrogenase 10 is critical for embryonic development of the heart
Authors: Sandell Lisa L 
Published: June 2021

Congenital heart disease is a serious human health issue, affecting as many as 1% of live births. For most cases of cardiac birth defect the cause is unknown, reflecting the limitations of our understanding of which environmental agents, genetic factors, and gene‐environment interactions contribute to cardiac abnormalities. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the mode whereby an embryo converts Vitamin A into the potent morphogen retinoic acid and to understand how disturbances in the production of retinoic acid may contribute to developmental malformations of the heart. Precise regulation of retinoic acid production is critical ‐ either excessive or insufficient levels result in cardiac birth defects ‐ yet very little is known about the mechanism whereby this process is controlled. We have demonstrated that the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase RDH10 is the primary enzyme responsible for the first step of embryonic Vitamin A metabolism. We show that embryos with mutations in Rdh10 have severe cardiac developmental abnormalities, including defects in heart looping, myocardial growth, aorticopulmonary septation and morphogenesis of the atria. Using transgenic reporter mice and RNA in situ hybridization we have determined that the Rdh10−/− cardiac phenotypes are associated with abnormal expression of Hox family A‐P patterning genes and also with defects in cell adhesion and abnormal distribution of extracellular matrix molecules. Finally, utilizing quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR we have demonstrated that Rdh10 gene transcription is a point for feedback control in regulation of retinoic acid production. These data suggest that Rdh10 may be a candidate gene for association with human cardiac abnormalities. Moreover, the data shed light on the molecular mechanism whereby disruptions in Vitamin A metabolism may contribute to congenital heart disease.Grant Funding Source: NIH‐COBRE
Relationship between Executive Function, Mood, and Eating Behavior in Preschoolers
Authors: Pieper Joy , Laugero Kevin 
Published: June 2021

Decreased executive function has been linked to unhealthy eating behaviors and obesity in older children and adults, however little is known about this relationship in young children. The purpose of this research was to first determine this relationship, and second, to explore whether mood and emotional reactivity are related to executive function and/or eating behaviors. We conducted a pilot study in a research‐based preschool at the University of California‐ Davis with 30 three to five year‐old children. Executive function was measured via four tasks: flanker, task‐switching, delay of gratification, and the Children's Gambling Task. An eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) task was used to determine nonhomeostatic eating behavior, and parents filled out the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Mood and emotional reactivity ratings were determined via parental reports on the Children's Behavior Questionnaire as well as direct measures of the children's mood and emotional reactivity with a visual analog scale, salivary cortisol and alpha‐amylase, and skin conductivity. Children who scored higher on the Children's Gambling Task ate significantly fewer calories from cookies in the EAH task. Higher scores on the task switching task, however, were associated with significantly more total calories consumed in the EAH task. No measures of mood or emotional reactivity were significantly related to calories consumed in the EAH task. Childrensˈ reports of mood prior to the Children's Gambling task were inversely related to performance on the task, such that a more negative mood was associated with riskier behaviors. Further studies are necessary to determine whether early interventions to improve executive function may also have the benefit of improving eating behaviors and decreasing risk of obesity in the long run.Grant Funding Source: USDA‐WHNRC, UC Davis Jastro Graduate Student Research Award
A one year high protein, low fat weight loss diet improves body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight males
Authors: Wycherley Thomas , Brinkworth Grant , Clifton Peter , Noakes Manny 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of two energy matched, low fat, hypocaloric diets differing in carbohydrate to protein ratio, on body composition and cardiometabolic health outcomes in overweight males.Methods120 males (age 50.8±9.3 yrs, BMI 33.0±3.9 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to a low fat, isocaloric, energy restricted diet (7MJ/day) with either high protein (HP; Pro:Carb:Fat % energy, 35:40:25) or standard protein (SP; 17:58:25). Body weight, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed at baseline and after one year.Results68 participants completed the study (HP n=33; SP n=35). Both groups experienced similar reductions in body weight (HP −12.3±8.0 kg [−12%]; SP −10.9±8.6 kg [−11%]) and fat mass (HP − 9.9±6.0 kg [−27%]; SP −7.3±5.8 kg [−22%]), P>0.11 time x group. Participants who consumed the HP diet lost less fat free mass (−2.6±3.7 kg [−4%] vs. −3.8±4.7 kg [−6%]), P<0.01. Both groups experienced a similar overall increase in HDL cholesterol (8%) and reductions in total cholesterol (−7%), LDL cholesterol (−9%), triglycerides (−24%), glucose (−3%), insulin (−38%), blood pressure (−7/−12%) and C‐reactive protein (−29%), P≥0.14.ConclusionsIn overweight and obese males, a HP and SP diet similarly reduce body weight and improve cardiometabolic health outcomes. A HP diet was more effective for improving body composition.Research support provided by Meat and Livestock Australia.
Coordinated response of the fat and cellular content of breastmilk to the degree of fullness of the breast
Authors: Hassiotou Foteini , Filgueira Luis , Hepworth Anna , Trengove Naomi , Lai Ching Tat , Hartmann Peter 
Published: June 2021

Breastmilk contains an array of biochemical and cellular components that provide nutrition and protection to the infant. It has been previously known that pre‐feed milk has lower fat and cell contents compared to post‐feed milk. To further elucidate the relationship between the degree of fullness of the breast and the fat/cell milk content, we collected 5 mL of milk from 6 breastfeeding women at specific time points around the first morning feed (immediately prior and after the feed, and then every 30 min for the next 3 hours). Each participant repeated this 2–4 times on different days. A 24‐hour milk production measurement allowed calculation of the degree of fullness of the breast at each time point. Cell viability was high in all samples (92±0.3%). Fat content varied from 1.3% (when the breast was full) to 16.6% (when the breast was empty), and similarly, cell content varied from 10.6×103 to 3.9×106 viable cells/mL milk. Remarkably, a concurrent response of fat and cell contents to the degree of fullness of the breast was observed. Although post‐feed milk had higher fat and cell contents compared to pre‐feed milk, as known previously, even higher fat and cell contents were obtained 30 min after the feed, with gradual reduction to return to pre‐feed levels at 3+ hours post‐feed. Ongoing work is examining the mechanisms behind this phenomenon and potential concurrent changes of biochemical and cellular breastmilk composition.Grant Funding Source : Women and Infants Research Foundation, Medela AG
ZnT4 transports zinc to critical zinc‐dependent proteins in the trans‐Golgi network and exports Zn across the cell membrane in mammary epithelial cells
Authors: McCormick Nicholas , Kelleher Shannon L 
Published: June 2021

The benefits of breastfeeding include optimized growth, neurological development and immune function in infants. However, sub‐optimal lactation occurs in ~15% of women and results in reduced milk volume, compromised milk composition or lactation failure. A mutation in the gene encoding ZnT4 (SLC30A4) is associated with sub‐optimal lactation in mice. These mice have smaller mammary glands (MG), decreased milk synthesis and ~35% less Zn secreted into milk. We hypothesized that ZnT4 plays a critical role in MG function. Genetic manipulation of ZnT4 abundance in mammary epithelial cells was positively correlated with Zn secretion. ZnT4 transported Zn into a labile Zn pool in the trans‐Golgi network (TGN) where it was made available for Zn‐dependent proteins. This was evidenced by ZnT4 attenuation which decreased carbonic anhydrase VI expression, and ZnT4 over‐expression which decreased galactosyltransferase activity. Additionally, ZnT4 exported Zn directly across the cell membrane. In summary, ZnT4 has a dual role involving 1) labile Zn accumulation in the TGN providing Zn to Zn‐dependent proteins; and 2) Zn transport across the cell membrane into milk. Our studies suggest that ZnT4 provides Zn to proteins critical for secretion and mammary gland function, thus understanding factors that regulate ZnT4 is important to increasing the incidence of lactation and improving the health of women and children.Grant Funding Source: NIH R01 HD058614
Contribution of leading food sources, meals and presentations to dietary intake in government sponsored day‐care centers in Guatemala (SOSEP)
Authors: Hernández Liza , Montenegro-Bethancourt Gabriela , Kim Lydia , Bermudez Odilia I , Vossenaar Marieke , Solomons Noel 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the leading food sources of nutrients, principal mealtimes, and predominant presentation (solid/liquid) provided by the diet served in government sponsored day‐care centers (SOSEP).MethodsThe SOSEP 8‐week rotating menu, containing 102 items, was reduced to the content in gravimetric or IU units for 30 selected nutrients per menu cycle. The item, meal type (breakfast {B}/lunch {L}/snacks {S}) and presentation (solid/liquid) were ranked highest for each nutrient.Results5 items were the leading sources of 19/30 nutrients of interest (vegetable oil, 5; table sugar, 4; corn tortilla 4; oatmeal, 3; Incaparina®, 3). An additional 9 items were leading sources for 2 or 1 item each. 4 main items were of animal origin. L was the predominant source for 25 nutrients, B for 5, and S for 2 (2 nutrients were tied across 2 meal types). The solid form was predominant for 26 nutrients, and liquid for 6 (2 nutrients were tied across forms).ConclusionsNumber‐1 predominance of nutrient delivery to the SOSEP diet is limited to a few items, mostly of plant origin. As expected for Guatemala, L was the main meal type for most nutrients, which derived from solid foods.
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 5 can inhibit the growth of hepatocellular cell line
Authors: YEH BYUNG IL , Namkung Jun , Jung Yu Jung , Rhee Sangmyung 
Published: June 2021

We completed the quantitative profiles of FGFs and FGFRs in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and hepatoblastomas compared with normal liver cells in the previous study. Several FGFs including FGF5 and its functional receptors were hightly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines even though the FGFs are not checked from normal liver cDNAs. As FGF5 are known to have the mitogenic and cell survival activity in the cancer, we studied to check the inhibition effect for hepatocellular carcinogenesis by interfering FGF5 activity with its siRNAs in the HCC cell lines.We knocked down the level of FGF5 using siRNA technology and measured the extent of cell proliferation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. We checked the Erk1/2 activity in the FGF5 silencing cells comparing to that of control cell. We also investigated the addictive effect of FGF5 silencing on the cytotoxicity in the combination treatment of anti‐cancer drug, Cisplatin.FGF5 silencing in HepG2 cell lines caused profound decrease the cell viability and Erk activation upon the serum stimulation. Cisplatin treatment in the FGF5 silencing cells showed dramatic increase the cytotoxicity resulting in the cellular apoptosis.These results showed that hapatocellular carcinogenesis may due to specific expression of several FGFs and its counterpart receptors. We also propose impairment of FGF5 function in the HCC may critical for liver cancer therapy.
Vitamin D supplementation and insulin sensitivity in early pubertal children: results from the randomized controlled GAPI trial
Authors: Ferira Ashley Jordan , Laing Emma , Hausman Dorothy , Hall Daniel , Weaver Connie , McCabe George , Martin Berdine , Peacock Munro , Warden Stuart , Hill Kathleen , Lewis Richard 
Published: June 2021

The dose‐response effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity was examined in healthy early pubertal children (aged 9–13 y), in the Georgia, Purdue, and Indiana University School of Medicine (GAPI) trial. 320 black and white males and females participated in this 12‐week triple‐masked, placebo‐controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to receive placebo or vitamin D3 (400, 1000, 2000, or 4000 IU/d). Anthropometry, pubertal maturation, body composition, dietary intake, and fasting biochemical indices (glucose and insulin) were assessed. Main time effects were significant (all p<0.004): glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) increased, while quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) decreased. The effects of vitamin D supplementation over time were non‐significant for glucose (p=.780), insulin (p=.918), HOMA‐IR (p=.883), and QUICKI (p=.905). We report findings from the first pediatric vitamin D trial to examine insulin sensitivity. Our subjects’ pubertal, normo‐glycemic, and vitamin D sufficient status may explain our null findings. Future research should examine high‐risk pediatric populations, particularly during post‐puberty. Supported by NICHD RO1HD057126 and Allen Foundation grant 2.008.319.Grant Funding Source: NICHD
Alcohol Exposure and Burn Injury Drive Acute Adipose Inflammation and Alterations in Glucose Transporter GLUT1
Authors: Qin Yuanyuan , Bird Melanie , Chen Micheal , Kovacs Elizabeth , Makowski Liza 
Published: June 2021

Macrophages are central to the formation of obesity. Alcohol is a dietary modulator of the inflammatory response. The objective was to examine the role of inflammation in adipose tissue during trauma after an acute alcohol exposure. Mice were first exposed to saline or intraperitoneal ethanol (1.12g/Kg) and then subjected to a 15% total body surface area scald or sham injury 30 minutes later. qPCR and Bio‐plex protein arrays were used to evaluate the inflammatory response in serum and gonadal adipose. Alcohol alone caused little induction of inflammation in adipose over sham‐vehicle. Burn induced minimal elevations in interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) with dramatic elevations detected after combined acute alcohol and burn injury compared to either exposure alone or control. Serum IL‐6 levels were also elevated by burn, and 33% further induced with burn and alcohol exposure together. In addition, neutrophil chemokine KC (CXCL1), MCP‐1, and glucose transporter GLUT1 were dramatically increased in adipose tissue after burn trauma and further elevated after combined acute burn and ethanol exposure relative to either insult alone. Taken together, data suggest that the pro‐inflammatory response in adipose may play a role in systemic response to injury which is exacerbated upon alcohol exposure. R00 AA017376Grant Funding Source : NIH‐NIAAA
A prospective study of blood pressure, BMI and immunity in breastfeeding and formula feeding women
Authors: Groer Maureen Wimberly , Sahebzamani Frances , Jevitt Cecilia , Beckstead Jason 
Published: June 2021

The aims of this study were to follow trajectories of physiological variables across the postpartum and to determine if these variables differed by lactational status. Seventy health postpartum women were studied 7 times through the sixth postpartum months. Blood pressure, heart rate, and BMI were measured at each time point, along with demographic, lifestyle, stress and mood measures. Plasma cytokines and cytokines from mitogen stimulated ex vivo whole blood cultures, Natural Killer cell cytotoxicity, and plasma hormones were also measured. Results indicated significant differences in blood pressure and BMI for both exclusive and partial breastfeeders compared to formula feeders across time. Plasma and culture supernatant cytokines showed lower IL‐6 in breastfeeders. Dysphoric moods and stress perceptions were also lower in breastfeeders. Since lactational history is associated with reduced risk for a number of cardiovascular and metabolic midlife diseases, exploration of the systemic physiology of lactation may provide clues to mechanisms.Supported by NIH RO1‐NR05000
Decreasing morbidity and improving workflow with point‐of‐care ultrasound in the Emergency Department
Authors: Halm Brunhild M 
Published: June 2021

Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound (POC US) has been increasingly performed in emergency medicine for a variety of indications. However, pediatric emergency physicians have been slower to understand the importance of POC US in the diagnosis of critical care cases.Here I report a case of a two year‐old male that presented to the emergency department (ED) with vomiting and abdominal pain. On arrival to the ED, an immediate diagnosis of intussusception was made using real‐time POC US by a pediatric emergency attending well trained in pediatric US. This illustrates the impact that POC US can make with an early diagnosis of intussusception. This diagnosis is best made by an experienced sonographer, such as the radiologist. However, in some pediatric hospitals, radiology department US may not be readily available. The intussusception mass is a large structure and characteristically does not contain any bowel gas, which makes it readily identifiable with US. Studies have shown that extensive training and experience is not necessary for high accuracy in diagnosing intussusception.With thorough knowledge of the US features characteristic of intussusception, its accurate diagnosis using POC US has the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality as well as improve patient flow, work flow and throughput time in the ED. Training of pediatric emergency physicians in POC US is highly advised.
Integrating Online Lessons for Learning in the Anatomy Laboratory
Authors: Petrik Erin , Doubleday Alison F. 
Published: June 2021

Although dissection is the primary vehicle for learning in the gross anatomy laboratory, students often find that integrating functional information about anatomical structures into the dissection experience is particularly challenging. At University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, the anatomy faculty has started incorporating online lessons and videos into the anatomy curriculum. These online resources are viewed by students in advance of the relevant dissection lab and serve as a way to bridge functional information with the structures identified during lab.Upper‐level students play a leading role in resource development and appropriate clinicians provide peer review prior to implementation.ObjectiveIn this poster we highlight the process of development for a specific online lesson that examines the anatomy and clinical relevancy of the trigeminal nerve. We also report results of student surveys investigating usage data after implementation, as well as the results of pre and post tests to gauge student understanding and retention of lesson content.Grant Funding Source: AAA