bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Berger-linear Buildup Approximation for Air
Authors: Overcamp Thomas J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A combination of the Berger and the linear buildup approximations with the assumption of conservation of energy was fitted for air. The values predicted by this Berger-linear buildup approximation were generally more accurate than those predicted by the Berger approximation alone. Although it is not as accurate as the geometric-progression approximation, the Berger-linear approximation is analytically simpler and makes it easier to find analytical solutions for point source kernel shielding calculations.
Postoperative blood pressure management in patients treated in the ICU after noncardiac surgery
Authors: Briesenick Luisa , Flick Moritz , Saugel Bernd 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
Blood pressure management is a cornerstone of hemodynamic management in patients treated in the ICU after noncardiac surgery. Postoperative blood pressure management is challenging, because blood pressure alterations after surgery can be profound and have numerous causes.

Recent findings
Postoperative blood pressure alterations are common in patients treated in ICUs after noncardiac surgery. There is increasing evidence that hypotension during the initial days after noncardiac surgery is associated with postoperative adverse outcomes including myocardial infarction and death, acute myocardial injury, acute kidney injury, major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events, and delirium. Thus, postoperative hypotension could be a modifiable risk factor for postoperative adverse outcomes. However, robust evidence for a causal relationship between postoperative blood pressure and postoperative adverse outcomes is still lacking.

Summary
Future research on postoperative blood pressure management in patients treated in the ICU after noncardiac surgery needs to assess whether the prevention or treatment of postoperative blood pressure alterations – especially postoperative hypotension – reduces the incidence of postoperative adverse outcomes.
Associations between the serum magnesium and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease patients
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Wang Rui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background:
Some studies have found that hypomagnesemia is associated with vascular calcification, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease, which may lead to increased mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who need to maintain hemodialysis (HD). However, the conclusion of these studies remain controversial.

Methods:
Relevant literature was retrieved from the database of Cochrane library, PubMed, EMBASE, and CNKI until December 2020, without any language restrictions. The data was analyzed using the Stata 12.0 software.

Results:
A total of 31 studies were included, involving 205436 participants. The results showed that after multivariable adjusted, hypomagnesemia was significant associated with the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (hazard ratios [HR] 1.955; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.511-2.528; P = .000; hypomagnesemia vs normal magnesium or hypermagnesemia). In contrast, in patients with CKD and ESRD, hypermagnesemia was negatively correlated with all-cause mortality (HR 0.873; 95% CI 0.793-0.960; P = .005) (per unit increase). Moreover, in the adjusted model, it was observed that hypermagnesemia was significantly associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular death (HR 0.598; 95% CI 0.094-1.102, P = .020). In addition, subgroup analysis found that hypomagnesemia was closely related to the increase of all-cause mortality in HD patients (HR 1.799; 95% CI 1.375-2.354; P = .000) (hypomagnesemia vs normal magnesium or hypermagnesemia).

Conclusion:
Our results show that hypomagnesemia is significantly associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in maintenance HD patients. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the benefits of magnesium correction in maintenance dialysis patients with hypomagnesemia.
An elderly advanced non-small cell lung cancer patient harboring rare epidermal growth factor receptor mutations L861R benefited from afatinib
Authors: Qu Fanjie , Wu Shuang , Dong Huacheng , Yan Xin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have significant efficacy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. No clear evidence exists that EGFR-L861R is sensitive to TKIs, and the best treatment for NSCLC patients with EGFR-L861R mutation is undetermined.

Patient concerns:
We report the characteristics, efficacy, and adverse events of a patient harboring rare EGFR mutations L861R treated with afatinib, and summarize the currently available evidence and ongoing clinical trials regarding it.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed with advanced lung cancer that had progressed after previous osimertinib drug therapy, based on the clinical course and imaging findings.

Interventions:
The patient underwent genetic testing, and next-generation sequencing detected rare EGFR mutations L861R in the plasma (mutation abundance 8.1%). The patient was then administered afatinib at 30 mg quaque die combined with bevacizumab at 300 mg every 2 weeks.

Outcomes:
After 1 month of treatment, the patient achieved a quick response, and symptoms improved significantly. Repeat evaluation imaging demonstrated that the lesions in the lung and brain were significantly smaller and evaluation showed partial remission. However, despite showing an initial response, the patient presented with behavioral abnormalities, headaches, and sudden confusion after 2 months, and subsequently appeared coma. The family elected to forgo further therapy due to the patient's age and enrolled in hospice care, passing 14 months after the initial diagnosis.

Lesson:
EGFR-L861R mutation could help predict the sensitivity of patients with advanced NSCLC to TKIs.
The effect of operating room nursing intervention on the psychological status and incidence of emergence agitation in the recovery period of general anesthesia
Authors: Zhu Hongying , Cheng Liurong , Tang Ting , Ke Yajuan , Wu Duozhi , Huang Yi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background:
During the recovery period of general anesthesia, patients are disturbed by residual anesthetic drugs, manifesting as clinical signs of confusion, drowsiness and disorientation, and even abnormal psychology and limb agitation at varying degrees in severe cases. These stress reactions are detrimental to the postoperative recovery, which can be life-threatening. Operating room nursing intervention (ORNI) is a novel nursing model that prevents stress reactions during the recovery period of general anesthesia. However, whether ORNI can improve the psychological condition and reduce the incidence of emergence agitation in the recovery period of general anesthesia remains controversial. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of ORNI on the psychological status and incidence of emergence agitation in the recovery period of general anesthesia through a systematic review and meta-analysis, thus providing clinical evidence to support it.

Methods:
Randomized controlled trials reporting the effect of ORNI on the recovery period of general anesthesia published before October 2021 will be searched in the Chinese Scientific Journal Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Eligible literatures will be screened out according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their quality will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Meta-analysis will be performed using Revman 5.4 software.

Results:
This study will evaluate the effect of the ORNI on the recovery period of general anesthesia by calculating the incidence of emergence agitation, and grading the self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale scores.

Conclusion:
This study will provide a reliable evidence-based basis for the application of ORNI in the recovery period of general anesthesia.

OSF Registration number:
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/P3A4T.
A case report of cryoablation and electrochemotherapy in kidney cancer
Authors: Mastrandrea Giovanni , Laface Carmelo , Fazio Vito , Lopetuso Marco , Falagario Gianmarco , Molinari Pasquale , Ranieri Girolamo , Gadaleta Cosmo Damiano 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
According to scientific literature, cryoablation (CA) and electrochemotherapy (ECT) have been used for the treatment of small renal masses. However, no data have been published regarding the combination of these techniques as therapy of primary kidney cancers. Therefore, we report the case of an old woman affected by localized kidney cancer and discuss the potential therapeutic application of CA combined with subsequent deep ECT in this setting.

Patient concerns:
An 85 years-old-woman was evaluated because of a localized kidney cancer. Her background history included long-time hypertension and diabetes mellitus in drug treatment.

Diagnoses:
In February 2018, the follow-up contrast enhancement computed tomography (ceCT) documented a suspected 18×10 mm metastasis at the lower right lobe of the lung. The ceCT also showed a suspected primary malignancy of 25×18 mm at right kidney.

Interventions:
The kidney cancer was treated with a two-phase procedure: percutaneous CA and subsequent deep ECT.

Outcomes:
Patient obtained a complete response according to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, without renal function or quality of life impairment. No procedure-related complications were observed. Moreover, a shorter period of hospitalization and convalescence were needed respect to standard surgery. No sign of relapse was observed during follow-up period.

Lessons:
This combined strategy proved to be safe and effective. Moreover, the application of these blended loco-regional techniques showed several other advantages such as reduced hospitalization and a shorter period of convalescence respect to standard surgery.
CYP1A2 polymorphism may contribute to agomelatine-induced acute liver injury
Authors: Wang Shushan , Xu Qing , Qu Kankan , Wang Jun , Zhou Zhenhe 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Liver function monitoring is recommended when agomelatine is prescribed, although liver enzymes are not considered predictive biomarkers. Most patients present with acute liver injury, with only a few presenting with levels of liver enzymes that are over 30 times the upper limit of normal. The patient-specific risk factors that are associated with liver injury remain unclear. Thus, this report provides new insights into the mechanism of agomelatine-induced acute hepatocellular injury based on cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 (CYP1A2) polymorphism.

Patient concerns:
We present a case of acute hepatocellular injury in a 75-year-old man who was taking agomelatine at a dose of 50 mg/qn. All hepatitis virus test results were negative. No history of liver disease was observed. As CYP1A2 is the main metabolic enzyme of agomelatine, CYP1A2 AA (rs762551) genetic polymorphism was analyzed.

Diagnosis:
The patient's transaminases level exceeded the critical value on day 72 after starting oral agomelatine.

Interventions:
The patient received intravenous magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate, a liver cell-protecting agent, followed by the withdrawal of agomelatine.

Outcomes:
There was an improvement in the levels of the liver enzymes and no subsequent organ dysfunction was observed.

Lessons:
Here, we report a case of acute hepatocellular injury characterized by a very high aspartate aminotransferase level. Periodic liver function testing throughout the treatment period can help in the rapid and appropriate diagnosis of acute liver injury, particularly in the absence of typical clinical manifestations. Agomelatine hepatic toxicity might be related to an idiosyncratic metabolic reaction that depends on individual patient differences. As it is the main metabolic enzyme of agomelatine, CYP1A2 genetic polymorphism may contribute to liver injury by affecting its metabolites.
Effects of attentional bias modification on chronic low back pain in older outpatients
Authors: Hasegawa Takashi , Nishi Keita , Nakashima Akira , Moriuchi Takefumi , Iso Naoki , Koseki Hironobu , Tabira Takayuki , Higashi Toshio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
In the present study, the effect of attentional bias modification (ABM) on older outpatients, with chronic low back pain, was examined.

Design:
This was a single-center, randomized, single-blinded, crossover trial and patients were randomly divided in a 1:1 allocation ratio into two groups: an ABM Leading group and an ABM Trailing group.

Participants:
Forty-three outpatients with chronic low back pain participated.

Interventions:
Patients were evaluated four times and the treatments were ABM + Normal intervention or Normal intervention only.

Outcomes:
Outcome measures included pain intensity on the Numerical Rating Scale, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Somatic Symptom Scale-8, and EuroQol 5 Dimension-3 levels questionnaire. In addition, we performed the 30-second Chair-Stand test and the Timed Up & Go test for physical function evaluations.

Results:
There was no change in pain intensity due to ABM. However, the total Pain Catastrophizing Scale score was significantly decreased, and the EuroQol 5 Dimension-3 levels questionnaire and 30-second chair-stand test were significantly improved (P <.05).

Trial registration:
The Health Science Ethics Committee, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University (permit number: 17060861), and the clinical trial was registered with UMIN (UMIN000029424).
Pooled analysis of the efficacy and safety of tibial nerve stimulation versus antimuscarinic agents in the management of overactive bladder syndrome
Authors: Xia Liping , Yan Huilei , Sun Yalei , Zhu Yan , Wu Yudong , Chen Zhipeng , Su Shunye 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tibial nerve stimulation (TNS) versus antimuscarinic agents in the management of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome.

Methods:
The databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register of Controlled Trials from 2000 to May 2021 were searched to identify randomized controlled trials that referred to the use of TNS and antimuscarinic agents for the treatment of OAB syndrome. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.

Results:
Eight publications involving 420 patients were included in the meta-analysis. In the analysis, we found TNS had a comparable effect with antimuscarinic agents on micturition per day, nocturia, urge incontinence, and voided volume (P = .9; .4; .78; .44, respectively). Scores measured by questionnaires Overactive Bladder Symptom Score and Overactive Bladder questionnaire Short Form items also indicated no statistical difference between 2 groups. TNS group had a significantly less discontinuation rate and adverse events (P = .003; .0001).

Conclusions:
TNS is as effective as antimuscarinic agents for the treatment of OAB. Moreover, TNS appears to be more tolerable and safer than antimuscarinic agents.
Whole-exome sequencing of a novel initiation codon mutation in RUNX2 in a Chinese family with cleidocranial dysplasia
Authors: Yang Liyuan , Lu Genqi , Shen Wenjing , Chen Wenjing , Lu Haiyan , Zhang Guozhong , Yuan Shuo , Zheng Shushen , Ren Jiabao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is mainly attributable to a variant of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) on chromosome 6p21. CCD is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by open/delayed closure of fontanels, clavicular hypoplasia, retention of deciduous teeth, and supernumerary permanent teeth. The aim of this study was to investigate potentially pathogenic mutations in 2 Chinese families. Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes, and whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to detect gene variants. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression level of RUNX2 in the proband of family 1. Silico algorithms and conservation analyses were used to evaluate the functional impact. We identified a novel initiation codon mutation (c.2T>C) and a previously reported mutation (c.569G>A). Familial co-segregation verified an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern. Our findings demonstrated that the novel mutation c.2T>C causes CCD. Quantitative real-time PCR suggested that downregulated RUNX2 levels and haploinsufficiency in RUNX2 lead to CCD. These results extend the spectrum of RUNX2 mutations in CCD patients and can be used for genetic consultation and prenatal diagnosis.
Effects of drinking water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on immune status in young children: a cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Lin Audrie , Mertens Andrew N. , Tan Sophia , Rahman Md. Ziaur , Hester Lisa , Kim Lisa , Arnold Benjamin F. , Karim Md. Rabiul , Shahriar Sunny , Ali Shahjahan , Shoab Abul K. , Hossen Md. Saheen , Mutsuddi Palash , Famida Syeda Luthfa , Akther Salma , Rahman Mahbubur , Unicomb Leanne , Butzin-Dozier Zachary , Hemlock Caitlin , Hubbard Alan E. , Stewart Christine P. , Fernald Lia C. H. , Colford John M. , Luby Stephen P. , Dhabhar Firdaus S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile studies have speculated that immune function may play a role in how water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutritional (N+WSH) interventions may individually impact child growth and development, the combined effects of these interventions on immune system development are unknown. Here, we report on a trial in rural Bangladesh, where we cluster-randomized pregnant women into control and N+WSH arms. Among the birth cohort, we quantified plasma IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-10, and GM-CSF at ages 14 and 28 months. Cytokine ratios were included as prespecified outcomes to examine the net inflammatory environment. We assessed 704 children. After one year, TNF-α/IL-10, IL-12/IL-10, and IL-17A/IL-10 ratios were lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (mean difference: -0.12 to -0.19, p<0.05), indicating the intervention promoted IL-10 driven immunoregulation. Similar reductions in ratios of pro-inflammatory cytokines to IL-10 were sustained in the intervention group after two years. After one year, IL-12/IL-4, IL-12/IL-5, IFN-γ/IL-5, and IL-12/IL-13 ratios were lower in the intervention group (−0.18 to -0.27, p<0.05), suggesting a shift towards a Th2 cytokine response. These findings suggest that the N+WSH intervention enhanced the immunoprotective and immunoregulatory responses, and suppressed/counteracted the inflammatory/immunopathological response, of the immune triad.
Sequence learning attenuates cortical responses in both frontal and perceptual cortices in early infancy
Authors: Jaffe-Dax Sagi , Herbolzheimer Anna , Bejjanki Vikranth Rao , Emberson Lauren L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrior work has found that the frontal lobe is involved in higher-order sequential and statistical learning in young infants. Separate lines of work have found evidence of modulation of posterior sensory cortices during and after learning tasks. How do these processes relate? Here, we build evidence the infant frontal lobe was modulated during sequential learning and ask whether posterior perceptual cortices show corresponding modulation. First, replicating and extending past work, we found evidence of frontal lobe involvement in this task. Second, consistent with our hypotheses, we found that there is a corresponding attenuation of neural responses in the posterior perceptual cortices (temporal and occipital) to predictable compared to unpredictable audiovisual sequences. This study provides convergent evidence that the frontal lobe is crucial for higher-level learning in young infants but that it likely works as part of a large, distributed network of regions to modulate infant neural responses during learning. Overall, this work challenges the view that the infant brain is not dynamic and disconnected, lacking in long-range neural connections. Instead, this paper reveals patterns of a highly dynamic and interconnected infant brain that change rapidly as a result of new, learnable experiences.
RPRM negatively regulates ATM levels involving its phosphorylation mediated by CDK4/CDK6
Authors: Zhang Yarui , Ou Guomin , Ye Zhujing , Zhou Zhou , Cao Qianlin , Li Mengting , Wang Jingdong , Cao Jianping , Yang Hongying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSensitizing cancer cells to radio- and chemotherapy remains a hot topic in cancer treatment. Here it is identified that Protein Reprimo (RPRM) negatively regulates the levels of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase, a master regulator of DNA damage response (DDR) in the presence of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), resulting in impaired DNA repair efficiency and enhanced cellular sensitivity to genotoxic agents. Mechanistically, although RPRM is primarily located in cytoplasm, it rapidly translocates to nucleus shortly after induced by X-irradiation, interacts with ATM and promotes the nuclear export and proteasomal degradation of ATM. The nuclear translocation of RPRM is associated with its phosphorylation at serine 98, which is mediated by cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6). Inhibition of CDK4/6 stabilizes RPRM and promotes its nuclear import, in turn enhances the nuclear export of ATM and the reduction of ATM levels. As a result, RPRM overexpression and its phosphorylation inhibition sensitize cells to genotoxic agents. Moreover, RPRM deficiency significantly increases resistance to radiation-induced damage both in vitro and in vivo. These findings establish a crucial regulatory mechanism in which ATM is negatively modulated by RPRM, suggesting that RPRM may serve as a novel target for both cancer therapy and radiation protection.
Using high-resolution contact networks to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 transmission and control in large-scale multi-day events
Authors: Pung Rachael , Firth Josh A , Spurgin Lewis G ,   Singapore CruiseSafe working group,   CMMID COVID-19 working group, Lee Vernon J , Kucharski Adam J 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe emergence of the highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant has created a need to reassess the risk posed by increasing social contacts as countries resume pre-pandemic activities, particularly in the context of resuming large-scale events over multiple days. To examine how social contacts formed in different activity settings influences interventions required to control outbreaks, we combined high-resolution data on contacts among passengers and crew on cruise ships with network transmission models. We found passengers had a median of 20 (IQR 10–36) unique close contacts per day, and over 60% of their contact episodes were made in dining or sports areas where mask wearing is typically limited. In simulated outbreaks, we found that vaccination coverage and rapid antigen tests had a larger effect than mask mandates alone, indicating the importance of combined interventions against Delta to reduce event risk in the vaccine era.