bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online program engagement and audience size during television ads
Authors: Fossen Beth L. , Bleier Alexander 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis research explores how television viewers’ online program engagement (OPE)—engagement in social media conversations about television programs—relates to audience size during ads in those programs. We leverage a multisource dataset of 8417 ad instances, volume and deviation measures of OPE activity (program-related Twitter mentions), and audience size during ads. We show that increases in OPE volume and positive deviations from the episode’s average level of OPE before an ad relate to higher ad audience size. To explain, we argue that OPE reflects viewers’ program involvement which attenuates their channel-changing behavior during ads. Positive OPE deviations moreover relate to higher ad audience sizes most strongly for earlier ads in a break. Our results help television networks and advertisers strategically determine ad placements for increased ad audience size by highlighting social episodes (characterized by high OPE volume) and social moments (characterized by positive OPE deviations) as attractive advertising environments.
Africa’s evolving vegetable seed sector: status, policy options and lessons from Asia
Authors: Schreinemachers Pepijn , Howard Julie , Turner Michael , Groot Simon N. , Dubey Bhupen , Mwadzingeni Learnmore , Chagomoka Takemore , Ngugi Michael , Afari-Sefa Victor , Hanson Peter , Wopereis Marco C. S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFostering better access to more nutritious foods across sub-Saharan Africa will be critical to ending hunger and malnutrition. In Asia, vegetable production and consumption have grown rapidly since the 1990s and the development of a dynamic vegetable seed industry, led by the private sector, played a pivotal role in this process. The availability of locally-bred and adapted varieties facilitated the rapid expansion of production and increased the supply of affordable vegetables to consumers. In contrast, the vegetable seed sector in sub-Saharan Africa has been slow to develop and has received little attention in the development agenda. Drawing from Asia’s experience, this paper outlines a four-point strategy to accelerate the vegetable seed sector in sub-Saharan Africa. First, there is a need to strengthen the technical capacity of African seed companies to allow them to develop varieties that are well-adapted to local conditions and consumer preferences. Second, seed regulations, originally designed with food grains in mind, should be reviewed and revised to facilitate domestic vegetable breeding research and seed production. Third, more farmer extension is needed to exploit improved varieties together with good management practices. Fourth, vegetable marketing systems should be strengthened to reduce risks to farmers and traders. Investment in these four areas will help energize private sector investment in the vegetable seed sector. Asian experience suggests that investment in locally adapted vegetable varieties is a critical step in improving productivity, availability and ultimately consumption of nutritious vegetables.
2D Nanomaterials for Effective Energy Scavenging
Authors: Hasan Md Al Mahadi , Wang Yuanhao , Bowen Chris R. , Yang Ya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe development of a nation is deeply related to its energy consumption. 2D nanomaterials have become a spotlight for energy harvesting applications from the small-scale of low-power electronics to a large-scale for industry-level applications, such as self-powered sensor devices, environmental monitoring, and large-scale power generation. Scientists from around the world are working to utilize their engrossing properties to overcome the challenges in material selection and fabrication technologies for compact energy scavenging devices to replace batteries and traditional power sources. In this review, the variety of techniques for scavenging energies from sustainable sources such as solar, air, waste heat, and surrounding mechanical forces are discussed that exploit the fascinating properties of 2D nanomaterials. In addition, practical applications of these fabricated power generating devices and their performance as an alternative to conventional power supplies are discussed with the future pertinence to solve the energy problems in various fields and applications.
An updated generic classification of Cenozoic pleurotomariid gastropods, with new records from the Oligocene and early Miocene of India
Authors: Bose Kanishka , Das Shiladri S. , Mondal Subhronil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough taxonomically distinct, the Cenozoic pleurotomariids are the bottlenecked remnants of the Mesozoic members of the family in terms of morphology, with only conical forms surviving the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Here, we propose an updated classification scheme for the Cenozoic representatives of this group, based on data from the entire Cenozoic pleurotomariid fossil record. We consider all conventional as well as several new characters so that this scheme can readily help to distinguish Cenozoic pleurotomariid genera. Following the new classification scheme, a revision of the generic status of Cenozoic species previously assigned to ‘Pleurotomaria’ Defrance, 1826 is presented.Only a few Cenozoic pleurotomariid gastropods have been reported from the Indian subcontinent. Here we report four species from the Oligocene of the Kutch Basin and the early Miocene (Burdigalian) of the Dwarka Basin of Gujarat, western India, of which two are described as new: Perotrochus bermotiensis n. sp., Entemnotrochus kathiawarensis n. sp., Entemnotrochus cf. E. bianconii, and Entemnotrochus? sp. 1.UUID: http://zoobank.org/89b6ff67-2834-477f-862b-67691104aca4
Association between complement component 4A expression, cognitive performance and brain imaging measures in UK Biobank
Authors: O'Connell Kevin S. , Sønderby Ida E. , Frei Oleksandr , van der Meer Dennis , Athanasiu Lavinia , Smeland Olav B. , Alnæs Dag , Kaufmann Tobias , Westlye Lars T. , Steen Vidar M. , Andreassen Ole A. , Hughes Timothy , Djurovic Srdjan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAltered expression of the complement component C4A gene is a known risk factor for schizophrenia. Further, predicted brain C4A expression has also been associated with memory function highlighting that altered C4A expression in the brain may be relevant for cognitive and behavioral traits.MethodsWe obtained genetic information and performance measures on seven cognitive tasks for up to 329 773 individuals from the UK Biobank, as well as brain imaging data for a subset of 33 003 participants. Direct genotypes for variants (n = 3213) within the major histocompatibility complex region were used to impute C4 structural variation, from which predicted expression of the C4A and C4B genes in human brain tissue were predicted. We investigated if predicted brain C4A or C4B expression were associated with cognitive performance and brain imaging measures using linear regression analyses.ResultsWe identified significant negative associations between predicted C4A expression and performance on select cognitive tests, and significant associations with MRI-based cortical thickness and surface area in select regions. Finally, we observed significant inconsistent partial mediation of the effects of predicted C4A expression on cognitive performance, by specific brain structure measures.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that the C4 risk locus is associated with the central endophenotypes of cognitive performance and brain morphology, even when considered independently of other genetic risk factors and in individuals without mental or neurological disorders.
The role of modality and awareness in language learning
Authors: Zhao Chuqi , Kormos Judit , Rebuschat Patrick , Suzuki Shungo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is conflicting empirical evidence regarding the role of awareness in second language learning. Possible explanations for the contradictory results include the modality in the exposure and assessment phases of previous experiments. Our study investigated the acquisition of a novel determiner system under incidental exposure conditions and examined the effect of modality in both exposure and assessment phases. Animacy served as a hidden regularity in the determiners, which were embedded in sentences and presented to Chinese speakers of English either in auditory or in visual mode. Learning was assessed by a two-alternative forced-choice test either auditorily or in writing. Implicit and explicit knowledge were measured using retrospective verbal reports and source judgements. Bayesian analysis provided moderate evidence for above chance level learning. Significant learning effects were observed regardless of whether participants based their accuracy judgements on explicit or implicit knowledge. Bayesian analysis showed moderate evidence for above chance learning effects for aware participants. Generalized linear mixed-effects modeling revealed a small-size significant benefit of the auditory exposure modality over the written modality but indicated no significant effect of the modality of assessment or awareness. Our research underscores the importance of considering the role of modality of exposure in incidental second language learning contexts.
AL-ʿAQL DANS LA TRADITION LATINE DU LIBER DE CAUSIS
Authors: Calma Dragos 
Published: March 2021

RésuméL'article propose une première approche systématique de la tradition manuscrite du Liber de causis, en étudiant à la fois les variantes manuscrites et les difficultés doctrinales suscitées par la translittération de l'arabe al-ʿaql conservée dans la traduction latine. Certains médiévaux (tel Albert le Grand) l'entendent comme un concept sans équivalent en latin, forgé par des philosophes arabes dont on ignore tout. D'autres médiévaux (tels Thomas d'Aquin et Gilles de Rome), qui ont probablement connu une branche différente de la tradition manuscrite du Liber de causis, n'en font aucune mention. En examinant cent dix manuscrits latins du Liber de causis (sur deux cent soixantecinq actuellement connus), on constate de nombreuses variations tant pour la présence de cette translittération dans les propositions du texte que pour les formes et les graphies (alatyr, alachili, adlahic, etc.). Cette analyse permet de comprendre tant la position d'Albert que la grande diversité, jusqu’à présent insoupçonnée, de la transmission du Liber de causis dans le monde latin.
Implementing WordNet Measures of Lexical Semantic Similarity in a Fuzzy Logic Programming System
Authors: JULIÁN-IRANZO PASCUAL , SÁENZ-PÉREZ FERNANDO 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces techniques to integrate WordNet into a Fuzzy Logic Programming system. Since WordNet relates words but does not give graded information on the relation between them, we have implemented standard similarity measures and new directives allowing the proximity equations linking two words to be generated with an approximation degree. Proximity equations are the key syntactic structures which, in addition to a weak unification algorithm, make a flexible query-answering process possible in this kind of programming language. This addition widens the scope of Fuzzy Logic Programming, allowing certain forms of lexical reasoning, and reinforcing Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications.
Porites Calcifying Fluid pH on Seasonal to Diurnal Scales
Authors: Knebel Oliver , Carvajal Carlos , Standish Christopher D. , Vega Elwyn de la , Chalk Thomas B. , Ryan Emma J. , Guo Weifu , Ford Murray , Foster Gavin L. , Kench Paul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoral resilience to ocean acidification is largely determined by the degree of physiological control corals can exert on their calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry. In this study, the boron isotopic composition (δ11B) of a Porites colony growing on a reef flat on Kiritimati Island in the equatorial central Pacific is examined to quantify the sensitivity of calcifying fluid pH (pHcf) to ambient environmental conditions. Skeletal δ11B along the growth axis of one annual growth band was determined with bulk analysis and by laser ablation (LA) MC‐ICP‐MS. Furthermore, the oxygen and carbon isotopic composition, trace element ratios, and skeletal density were quantified. Sclerochronological data were interpreted in the context of simultaneous recordings of reef flat seawater pH (pHsw), temperature, salinity, and water depth, and by measurements of these parameters on the fore‐reef. A recent model of pHcf upregulation, after optimization with seasonally resolved data, was used to simulate pHcf variability on a diurnal scale. Results showed that on a seasonal scale, Porites pHcf is upregulated compared to ambient seawater: both bulk and LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS derived δ11B resulted in a mean pHcf of 8.35 pH units. Calcifying fluid pH upregulation primarily followed variations in seawater temperatures, that is likely related to the control of temperature on calcification rate. On the reef flat, the diurnal range in pHsw was substantially higher (0.29 pH units) than on the fore‐reef (0.07 pH units). However, model results suggest that the high diurnal variability in reef flat pHsw resulted only in a limited variability in Porites pHcf.
Ethnic and trans-ethnic genome-wide association studies identify new loci influencing Japanese Alzheimer’s disease risk
Authors: Shigemizu Daichi , Mitsumori Risa , Akiyama Shintaro , Miyashita Akinori , Morizono Takashi , Higaki Sayuri , Asanomi Yuya , Hara Norikazu , Tamiya Gen , Kinoshita Kengo , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Niida Shumpei , Ozaki Kouichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) has no cure, but early detection and risk prediction could allow earlier intervention. Genetic risk factors may differ between ethnic populations. To discover novel susceptibility loci of AD in the Japanese population, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 3962 AD cases and 4074 controls. Out of 4,852,957 genetic markers that passed stringent quality control filters, 134 in nine loci, includingAPOEandSORL1, were convincingly associated with AD. Lead SNPs located in seven novel loci were genotyped in an independent Japanese AD case–control cohort. The novel locusFAM47Ereached genome-wide significance in a meta-analysis of association results. This is the first report associating theFAM47Elocus with AD in the Japanese population. A trans-ethnic meta-analysis combining the results of the Japanese data sets with summary statistics from stage 1 data of the International Genomics of Alzheimer’s Project identified an additional novel susceptibility locus inOR2B2. Our data highlight the importance of performing GWAS in non-European populations.
WW domain-binding protein 2 overexpression prevents diet-induced liver steatosis and insulin resistance through AMPKβ1
Authors: Zheng Zhe , Li Yue , Fan Siyuan , An Jie , Luo Xi , Liang Minglu , Zhu Feng , Huang Kai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent clinically and can lead to more serious chronic liver disease. However, the pathological mechanism is still unclear, and thus, there are no approved drugs on the market. Transcriptional coactivator WW domain-binding protein 2 (WBP2) is a newly discovered oncogene that has an important relationship with the occurrence and development of breast cancer and mediates the interaction between Wnt and various other signaling pathways. The expression level of WBP2 was decreased in NAFLD. Overexpression of WBP2 with AAV in vivo alleviated liver fat deposition and insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Knockdown of WBP2 with AAV aggravated HFD-induced fatty liver and insulin resistance. In vitro experiments showed that in the human normal hepatocyte cell line LO2 and primary hepatocytes isolated from mice, overexpression of WBP2 reduced fat deposition, and knocking out or knocking down WBP2 aggravated PA-induced fat deposition. Through mass spectrometry, we found that WBP2 can bind to AMPKβ1, and by mutating AMPKβ1, we found that WBP2 can induce phosphorylation of AMPKβ1 at S108 and then activate the AMPK pathway to affect lipid metabolism. The effect of WBP2 on NAFLD provides a possible new direction for future research on NAFLD.
Integrative pan cancer analysis reveals epigenomic variation in cancer type and cell specific chromatin domains
Authors: Gopi Lijin K. , Kidder Benjamin L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms contribute to the initiation and development of cancer, and epigenetic variation promotes dynamic gene expression patterns that facilitate tumor evolution and adaptation. While the NCI-60 panel represents a diverse set of human cancer cell lines that has been used to screen chemical compounds, a comprehensive epigenomic atlas of these cells has been lacking. Here, we report an integrative analysis of 60 human cancer epigenomes, representing a catalog of activating and repressive histone modifications. We identify genome-wide maps of canonical sharp and broad H3K4me3 domains at promoter regions of tumor suppressors, H3K27ac-marked conventional enhancers and super enhancers, and widespread inter-cancer and intra-cancer specific variability in H3K9me3 and H4K20me3-marked heterochromatin domains. Furthermore, we identify features of chromatin states, including chromatin state switching along chromosomes, correlation of histone modification density with genetic mutations, DNA methylation, enrichment of DNA binding motifs in regulatory regions, and gene activity and inactivity. These findings underscore the importance of integrating epigenomic maps with gene expression and genetic variation data to understand the molecular basis of human cancer. Our findings provide a resource for mining epigenomic maps of human cancer cells and for identifying epigenetic therapeutic targets.
Self-powered multifunctional sensing based on super-elastic fibers by soluble-core thermal drawing
Authors: Chen Mengxiao , Wang Zhe , Zhang Qichong , Wang Zhixun , Liu Wei , Chen Ming , Wei Lei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe well-developed preform-to-fiber thermal drawing technique owns the benefit to maintain the cross-section architecture and obtain an individual micro-scale strand of fiber with the extended length up to thousand meters. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a two-step soluble-core fabrication method by combining such an inherently scalable manufacturing method with simple post-draw processing to explore the low viscosity polymer fibers and the potential of soft fiber electronics. As a result, an ultra-stretchable conductive fiber is achieved, which maintains excellent conductivity even under 1900% strain or 1.5 kg load/impact freefalling from 0.8-m height. Moreover, by combining with triboelectric nanogenerator technique, this fiber acts as a self-powered self-adapting multi-dimensional sensor attached on sports gears to monitor sports performance while bearing sudden impacts. Next, owing to its remarkable waterproof and easy packaging properties, this fiber detector can sense different ion movements in various solutions, revealing the promising applications for large-area undersea detection.
Epigenome-wide association study on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap reveals aberrant DNA methylations related to clinical phenotypes
Authors: Chen Yung-Che , Tsai Ying-Huang , Wang Chin-Chou , Liu Shih-Feng , Chen Ting-Wen , Fang Wen-Feng , Lee Chiu-Ping , Hsu Po-Yuan , Chao Tung-Ying , Wu Chao-Chien , Wei Yu-Feng , Chang Huang-Chih , Tsen Chia-Cheng , Chang Yu-Ping , Lin Meng-Chih ,   Taiwan Clinical Trial Consortium of Respiratory Disease (TCORE) group, Yu Chong-Jen , Wang Hao-Chien , Chiang Chi-Huei , Perng Diahn-Warng , Cheng Shih-Lung , Hsu Jeng-Yuan , Hsu Wu-Huei , Hsiue Tzuen-Ren , Lin Hen-I. , Wang Cheng-Yi , Chang Yeun-Chung , Chen Chung-Ming , Lin Cing-Syong , Chen Likwang , Chong Inn-Wen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe hypothesized that epigenetics is a link between smoking/allergen exposures and the development of Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ACO). A total of 75 of 228 COPD patients were identified as ACO, which was independently associated with increased exacerbations. Microarray analysis identified 404 differentially methylated loci (DML) in ACO patients, and 6575 DML in those with rapid lung function decline in a discovery cohort. In the validation cohort, ACO patients had hypermethylated PDE9A (+ 30,088)/ZNF323 (− 296), and hypomethylated SEPT8 (− 47) genes as compared with either pure COPD patients or healthy non-smokers. Hypermethylated TIGIT (− 173) gene and hypomethylated CYSLTR1 (+ 348)/CCDC88C (+ 125,722)/ADORA2B (+ 1339) were associated with severe airflow limitation, while hypomethylated IFRD1 (− 515) gene with frequent exacerbation in all the COPD patients. Hypermethylated ZNF323 (− 296) / MPV17L (+ 194) and hypomethylated PTPRN2 (+ 10,000) genes were associated with rapid lung function decline. In vitro cigarette smoke extract and ovalbumin concurrent exposure resulted in specific DNA methylation changes of the MPV17L / ZNF323 genes, while 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment reversed promoter hypermethylation-mediated MPV17L under-expression accompanied with reduced apoptosis and decreased generation of reactive oxygen species. Aberrant DNA methylations may constitute a determinant for ACO, and provide a biomarker of airflow limitation, exacerbation, and lung function decline.
From diffusion in compartmentalized media to non-Gaussian random walks
Authors: Ślęzak Jakub , Burov Stanislav 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work we establish a link between two different phenomena that were studied in a large and growing number of biological, composite and soft media: the diffusion in compartmentalized environment and the non-Gaussian diffusion that exhibits linear or power-law growth of the mean square displacement joined by the exponential shape of the positional probability density. We explore a microscopic model that gives rise to transient confinement, similar to the one observed for hop-diffusion on top of a cellular membrane. The compartmentalization of the media is achieved by introducing randomly placed, identical barriers. Using this model of a heterogeneous medium we derive a general class of random walks with simple jump rules that are dictated by the geometry of the compartments. Exponential decay of positional probability density is observed and we also quantify the significant decrease of the long time diffusion constant. Our results suggest that the observed exponential decay is a general feature of the transient regime in compartmentalized media.