bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards patient-specific prediction of conduction abnormalities induced by transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a combined mechanistic modelling and machine learning approach
Authors: Galli Valeria , Loncaric Filip , Rocatello Giorgia , Astudillo Patricio , Sanchis Laura , Regueiro Ander , De Backer Ole , Swaans Martin , Bosmans Johan , Ribeiro Joana Maria , Lamata Pablo , Sitges Marta , de Jaegere Peter , Mortier Peter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aims
Post-procedure conduction abnormalities (CA) remain a common complication of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), highlighting the need for personalized prediction models. We used machine learning (ML), integrating statistical and mechanistic modelling to provide a patient-specific estimation of the probability of developing CA after TAVI.

Methods and results
The cohort consisted of 151 patients with normal conduction and no pacemaker at baseline who underwent TAVI in nine European centres. Devices included CoreValve, Evolut R, Evolut PRO, and Lotus. Preoperative multi-slice computed tomography was performed. Virtual valve implantation with patient-specific computer modelling and simulation (CM&S) allowed calculation of valve-induced contact pressure on the anatomy. The primary composite outcome was new onset left or right bundle branch block or permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) before discharge. A supervised ML approach was applied with eight models predicting CA based on anatomical, procedural and mechanistic data. CA occurred in 59% of patients (n = 89), more often after mechanical than first or second generation self-expanding valves (68% vs. 60% vs. 41%). CM&S revealed significantly higher contact pressure and contact pressure index in patients with CA. The best model achieved 83% accuracy (area under the curve 0.84) and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1-score of 100%, 62%, 76%, 100%, and 82%.

Conclusion
ML, integrating statistical and mechanistic modelling, achieved an accurate prediction of CA after TAVI. This study demonstrates the potential of a synergetic approach for personalizing procedure planning, allowing selection of the optimal device and implantation strategy, avoiding new CA and/or PPI.
One-year impact of bariatric surgery on left ventricular mechanics: results from the prospective FatWest study
Authors: Grymyr Lisa M D , Nadirpour Saied , Gerdts Eva , Nedrebø Bjørn G , Hjertaas Johannes Just , Matre Knut , Cramariuc Dana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aims
Patients with severe obesity are predisposed to left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, increased myocardial oxygen demand, and impaired myocardial mechanics. Bariatric surgery leads to rapid weight loss and improves cardiovascular risk profile. The present prospective study assesses whether LV wall mechanics improve 1 year after bariatric surgery.

Methods and results
Ninety-four severely obese patients [43 ± 10 years, 71% women, body mass index (BMI) 41.8 ± 4.9 kg/m2, 57% with hypertension] underwent echocardiography before, 6 months and 1 year after gastric bypass surgery in the FatWest (Bariatric Surgery on the West Coast of Norway) study. We assessed LV mechanics by midwall shortening (MWS) and global longitudinal strain (GLS), LV power/mass as 0.222 × cardiac output × mean blood pressure (BP)/LV mass, and myocardial oxygen demand as the LV mass-wall stress-heart rate product. Surgery induced a significant reduction in BMI, heart rate, and BP (P &lt; 0.001). Prevalence of LV hypertrophy fell from 35% to 19% 1 year after surgery (P &lt; 0.001). The absolute value of GLS improved by—4.6% (i.e. 29% increase in GLS) while LV ejection fraction, MWS, and LV power/mass remained unchanged. In multivariate regression analyses, 1 year improvement in GLS was predicted by lower preoperative GLS, larger mean BP, and BMI reduction (all P &lt; 0.05). Low 1-year MWS was associated with female sex, preoperative hypertension, and higher 1-year LV relative wall thickness and myocardial oxygen demand (all P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
In severely obese patients, LV longitudinal function is largely recovered one year after bariatric surgery due to reduced afterload. LV midwall mechanics does not improve, particularly in women and patients with persistent LV geometric abnormalities.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier
NCT01533142, 15 February 2012.
Effect of evolocumab on acute arterial events across all vascular territories : results from the FOURIER trial
Authors: Oyama Kazuma , Giugliano Robert P , Tang Minao , Bonaca Marc P , Saver Jeffrey L , Murphy Sabina A , Ruzza Andrea , Keech Anthony C , Sever Peter S , Sabatine Marc S , Bergmark Brian A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aims
We assessed the impact of the proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor evolocumab on acute arterial events across all vascular territories, including coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular beds, in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Methods and results
In the FOURIER trial, 27 564 patients with stable ASCVD on statin therapy were randomly assigned to evolocumab or placebo. Acute arterial events were a composite of acute coronary (coronary heart disease death, myocardial infarction, or urgent coronary revascularization), cerebrovascular (ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack, or urgent cerebral revascularization), or peripheral vascular (acute limb ischaemia, major amputation, or urgent peripheral revascularization) events. Of the 2210 first acute arterial events, 74% were coronary, 22% were cerebrovascular, and 4% were peripheral vascular. Evolocumab reduced first acute arterial events by 19% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.81 [95% confidence interval 0.74–0.88]; P &lt; 0.001), with significant individual reductions in acute coronary (HR 0.83 [0.75–0.91]), cerebrovascular (HR 0.77 [0.65–0.92]), and peripheral vascular (HR 0.58 [0.38–0.88]) events. There were 3437 total events (first plus recurrent), with evolocumab reducing total events by 24% (incidence rate ratio 0.76 [0.69–0.85]). The magnitude of reduction in acute arterial events with evolocumab numerically increased over time, with a 16% reduction (HR 0.84 [0.75–0.95]) in the first year followed by a 24% reduction (HR 0.76 [0.67–0.85]) thereafter.

Conclusion
The addition of the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab to statin therapy reduced acute arterial events across all vascular territories with a robust effect over time, indicating a pan-vascular impact of aggressive lipid-lowering therapy on these acute and clinically meaningful events.

Clinical Trial Registration
URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01764633.
A Prospective Study on Child Abuse and Elder Mistreatment: Assessing Direct Effects and Associations With Depression and Substance Use Problems During Adolescence and Middle Adulthood
Authors: Herrenkohl Todd I , Roberto Karen A , Fedina Lisa , Hong Sunghyun , Love Jasmine 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
We examined the prospective association between 2 measures of child abuse, one based on official child welfare records and the other based on parent self-reports, and the perpetration of elder mistreatment by an adult child. We also examined measures of adolescent and adult depression and substance use problems as predictors of elder mistreatment.

Research Design and Methods
Data are from a prospective study that began in the 1970s with a sample of children aged 18 months to 6 years of age. Analyses draw on data collected when child participants were in preschool and elementary school, when they were adolescents, and as adults at midlife (at ages 36 and 46, on average). Results are from bivariate correlations and multivariable path models in which variables from different life stages were entered in steps to assess their prediction of elder mistreatment.

Results
All variables were significantly correlated with elder mistreatment. In a final path model, parent self-reports of physical child abuse remained a significant, unique predictor of elder mistreatment. Adolescent and adult substance use problems were also statistically significant.

Discussion and Implications
Few longitudinal studies have tracked patterns of abuse over time and relationships. Findings suggest that child abuse is a risk factor for the perpetration of elder mistreatment by an adult child. Substance use problems may also increase the risk for the perpetration of elder mistreatment. Further longitudinal research is needed to replicate and extend these findings in order to advance prevention and intervention programs and policies.
The Portable Warrior Test of Tactical Agility: A Novel Functional Assessment That Discriminates Service Members Diagnosed With Concussion From Controls
Authors: Cecchini Amy Seal , Prim Julianna , Zhang Wanqing , Harrison Courtney H , McCulloch Karen L 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionReturn-to-duty (RTD) readiness assessment for service members (SM) following concussion requires complex clinical considerations. The Portable Warrior Test of Tactical Agility (POWAR-TOTAL) is a functional assessment which improves on previous laboratory-based RTD assessments.MethodsSixty-four SM diagnosed with concussion and 60 healthy control (HC) SM participated in this study. Group differences were analyzed to validate the POWAR-TOTAL. The High-level Mobility Assessment Test (HiMAT) was used to examine concurrent construct validity. An exploratory logistic regression analysis examined predictive validity.ResultsThe groups were demographically well-matched except for educational level. POWAR-TOTAL measures were statistically significantly different between the groups with moderate to large effect sizes. Concussed participants were less likely to be able to complete all trials of the POWAR-TOTAL. Motor scores correlated highly with HiMAT scores. POWAR-TOTAL motor task performance and membership in the control group was significantly associated with self-reported physical readiness to deploy.ConclusionThe POWAR-TOTAL is a clinically feasible, military relevant assessment that is sensitive to differences between concussed and HC SM. This analysis supports the discriminant and construct validity of the POWAR-TOTAL, and may be useful for medical providers evaluating RTD readiness for SM who have sustained a concussion.
Evaluation of Supranormal Spirometry Values With an Obstructive Ratio for Airway Hyperreactivity
Authors: Untisz John R , Huprikar Nikhil A , Walter Robert J , McCann Edward T , Morris Michael J 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPublished guidelines on spirometry interpretation suggest an elevated FVC and FEV1 &gt; 100% of predicted with an obstructive ratio may represent a physiological variant. Further evidence is needed on whether this finding indicates symptomatic airways obstruction and what additional evaluation should be done.MethodsParticipants were prospectively enrolled to undergo additional testing for a technically adequate spirometry study with an FEV1 &gt; 90% of predicted, and FEV1/FVC below the lower limit of normal, based on 95th percentile confidence intervals. Further testing consisted of full pulmonary function testing, impulse oscillometry (IOS), post-bronchodilator testing, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and methacholine challenge testing (MCT).ResultsA total of 49 patients meeting entry criteria enrolled and completed testing. Thirty-three were considered symptomatic based on clinical indications for initial testing and 16 were considered asymptomatic. Baseline pulmonary function test values were not different between groups while IOS R5 values (% predicted) were higher in the symptomatic group (126.5 ± 0.37 vs 107.1 ± 0.31). Bronchodilator responsiveness on PFT or IOS was infrequent in both groups. There was a 29% positivity rate for MCT in the symptomatic group compared to one borderline study in asymptomatic participants. FeNO was similar for symptomatic, 26.17 ± 31.3 ppb, compared to asymptomatic, 22.8 ± 13.5 ppb (p = 0.93). The dysanapsis ratio was higher in the symptomatic (0.15 ± 0.03) compared to the asymptomatic (0.13 ± 0.02) (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionNormal FEV1 &gt; 90% of predicted and obstructive indices may not represent a normal physiological variant in all patients. In symptomatic patients, a positive MCT and elevated baseline IOS values were more common than in asymptomatic patients with similar PFT characteristics. These findings suggest that clinicians should still evaluate for airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with exertional dyspnea with airway obstruction and FEV1 &gt; 90% of predicted and consider alternative diagnoses to include a normal physiologic variant if non-reactive.
The supernova remnant populations of the galaxies NGC 45, NGC 55, NGC 1313, NGC 7793: luminosity and excitation functions
Authors: Kopsacheili M , Zezas A , Leonidaki I , Boumis P 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a systematic study of the supernova remnant (SNR) populations in the nearby galaxies NGC 45, NGC 55, NGC 1313, and NGC 7793 based on deep H $\rm {\alpha }$ and [S ii] imaging. We find 42 candidate and 51 possible candidate SNRs based on the [S ii]/H $\rm {\alpha }$&gt;0.4 criterion, 81 of which are new identifications. We derive the H $\rm {\alpha }$ and the joint [S ii]–H $\rm {\alpha }$ luminosity functions after accounting for incompleteness effects. We find that the H $\rm {\alpha }$ luminosity function of the overall sample is described with a skewed Gaussian with a mean equal to $\rm \log (L_{H\alpha }/10^{36}\, erg\, s^{-1})=0.07$ and $\rm \sigma (\log (L_{H\alpha }/10^{36}\, erg\, s^{-1}))=0.58$. The joint [S ii]–H $\rm {\alpha }$ function is parametrized by a skewed Gaussian along the log([S ii]$\rm /10^{36}\, erg\, s^{-1}) = 0.88 \times \log (L_{H\alpha }/10^{36}\, erg\, s^{-1}) - 0.06$ line and a truncated Gaussian with $\rm \mu (\log (L_{[S\, II]}/10^{36})) = 0.024$ and $\rm \sigma (\log (L_{[S\, II]}/10^{36})) = 0.14$, on its vertical direction. We also define the excitation function as the number density of SNRs as a function of their [S ii]/H $\rm {\alpha }$ ratios. This function is represented by a truncated Gaussian with a mean at −0.014. We find a sub-linear [S ii]–H $\rm {\alpha }$ relation indicating lower excitation for the more luminous objects.
Deep crustal heating for realistic compositions of thermonuclear ashes
Authors: Shchechilin N N , Gusakov M E , Chugunov A I 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The deep crustal heating, associated with exothermal nuclear reactions, is believed to be a key parameter for describing the thermal evolution of accreting neutron stars. In this paper, we present the first thermodynamically consistent calculations of the crustal heating for realistic compositions of thermonuclear ashes. In contrast to previous studies based on the traditional approach, we account for neutron hydrostatic/diffusion (nHD) equilibrium condition imposed by superfluidity of neutrons in a major part of the inner crust and rapid diffusion in the remaining part of the inner crust. We apply a simplified reaction network to model nuclear evolution of various multi-component thermonuclear burning ashes (superburst, KEPLER, and extreme rp-process ashes) in the outer crust and calculate the deep crustal heating energy release Q, parametrized by the pressure at the outer–inner crust interface, Poi. Using the general thermodynamic arguments, we set a lower limit on Q, Q ≳ 0.13−0.2 MeV per baryon (an actual value depends on the ash composition and the employed mass model).
Deep learning for estimating parameters of gravitational waves
Authors: Singh Shashwat , Singh Amitesh , Prajapati Ankul , Pathak Kamlesh N 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
In recent years, improvements in deep learning (DL) techniques towards gravitational wave (GW) astronomy have led to a significant rise in the development of various classification algorithms that have been successfully employed to extract GWs of binary black hole merger events from noisy time-series data. However, the success of these models is constrained by the length of time sample and the class of GW source: black hole binaries and neutron star binaries to some extent. In this work, we intended to advance the boundaries of DL techniques using convolutional neural networks, to go beyond binary classification and predict the physical parameters of the events. We aim to propose an alternative method that can be employed for real-time detection and parameter prediction. The DL model we present has been trained on 12s of data to predict the GW source parameters if detected. During training, the maximum accuracy attained was 90.93 per cent, with a validation accuracy of 89.97 per cent.
Terrestrial planet formation in a circumbinary disc around a coplanar binary
Authors: Childs Anna C , Martin Rebecca G 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
With N-body simulations, we model terrestrial circumbinary planet (CBP) formation with an initial surface density profile motivated by hydrodynamic circumbinary gas disc simulations. The binary plays an important role in shaping the initial distribution of bodies. After the gas disc has dissipated, the torque from the binary speeds up the planet formation process by promoting body–body interactions but also drives the ejection of planet building material from the system at an early time. Fewer but more massive planets form around a close binary compared to a single star system. A sufficiently wide or eccentric binary can prohibit terrestrial planet formation. Eccentric binaries and exterior giant planets exacerbate these effects as they both reduce the radial range of the stable orbits. However, with a large enough stable region, the planets that do form are more massive, more eccentric, and more inclined. The giant planets remain on stable orbits in all our simulations suggesting that giant planets are long-lived in planetary systems once they are formed.
A new role for SR1 from Bacillus subtilis: regulation of sporulation by inhibition of kinA translation
Authors: Ul Haq Inam , Brantl Sabine , Müller Peter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
SR1 is a dual-function sRNA from Bacillus subtilis. It inhibits translation initiation of ahrC mRNA encoding the transcription activator of the arginine catabolic operons. Base-pairing is promoted by the RNA chaperone CsrA, which induces a slight structural change in the ahrC mRNA to facilitate SR1 binding. Additionally, SR1 encodes the small protein SR1P that interacts with glyceraldehyde-3P dehydrogenase A to promote binding to RNase J1 and enhancing J1 activity. Here, we describe a new target of SR1, kinA mRNA encoding the major histidine kinase of the sporulation phosphorelay. SR1 and kinA mRNA share 7 complementary regions. Base-pairing between SR1 and kinA mRNA decreases kinA translation without affecting kinA mRNA stability and represses transcription of the KinA/Spo0A downstream targets spoIIE, spoIIGA and cotA. The initial interaction between SR1 and kinA mRNA occurs 10 nt downstream of the kinA start codon and is decisive for inhibition. The sr1 encoded peptide SR1P is dispensable for kinA regulation. Deletion of sr1 accelerates sporulation resulting in low quality spores with reduced stress resistance and altered coat protein composition which can be compensated by sr1 overexpression. Neither CsrA nor Hfq influence sporulation or spore properties.
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Drainage Increases With Gravity and Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Pulsations: Benchtop Model
Authors: Koueik Joyce , Iskandar Bermans J , Yang Zhe , Kraemer Mark R , Armstrong Stephanie , Wakim Victor , Broman Aimee Teo , Medow Joshua , Luzzio Christopher , Hsu David A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
There have been few improvements in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt technology since John Holter introduced the silicon valve, with overdrainage remaining a major source of complications.

OBJECTIVE
To better understand why valves are afflicted by supra-normal CSF flow rates. We present in Vitro benchtop analyses of flow through a differential pressure valve under simulated physiological conditions.

METHODS
The pseudo-ventricle benchtop valve testing platform that comprises a rigid pseudo-ventricle, compliance chamber, pulsation generator, and pressure sensors was used to measure flow rates through a differential pressure shunt valve under the following simulated physiological conditions: orientation (horizontal/vertical), compliance (low/medium/high), and pulsation generator force (low/medium/high).

RESULTS
Our data show that pulse pressures are faithfully transmitted from the ventricle to the valve, that lower compliance and higher pulse generator forces lead to higher pulse pressures in the pseudo-ventricle, and that both gravity and higher pulse pressure lead to higher flow rates. The presence of a valve mitigates but does not eliminate these higher flow rates.

CONCLUSION
Shunt valves are prone to gravity-dependent overdrainage, which has motivated the development of gravitational valves and antisiphon devices. This study shows that overdrainage is not limited to the vertical position but that pulse pressures that simulate rhythmic (eg, cardiac) and provoked (eg, Valsalva) physiological CSF pulsations increase outflow in both the horizontal and vertical positions and are dependent on compliance. A deeper understanding of the physiological parameters that affect intracranial pressure and flow through shunt systems is prerequisite to the development of novel valves.
Traceless enzymatic protein synthesis without ligation sites constraint
Authors: Li Ruifeng , Schmidt Marcel , Zhu Tong , Yang Xinyu , Feng Jing , Tian Yu’e , Cui Yinglu , Nuijens Timo , Wu Bian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Protein synthesis and semisynthesis offer immense promise for life sciences and have impacted pharmaceutical innovation. The absence of a generally applicable method for traceless peptide conjugation with a flexible choice of junction sites remains a bottleneck for accessing many important synthetic targets, however. Here we introduce the PALME (protein activation and ligation with multiple enzymes) platform designed for sequence-unconstrained synthesis and modification of biomacromolecules. The upstream activating modules accept and process easily accessible synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins, avoiding the challenges associated with preparation and manipulation of activated peptide substrates. Cooperatively, the downstream coupling module provides comprehensive solutions for sequential peptide condensation, cyclization and protein N/C-terminal or internal functionalization. The practical utility of this methodology is demonstrated by synthesizing a series of bioactive targets ranging from pharmaceutical ingredients to synthetically challenging proteins. The modular PALME platform exhibits unprecedentedly broad accessibility for traceless protein synthesis and functionalization, and holds enormous potential to extend the scope of protein chemistry and synthetic biology.