bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early gastric mixed neuroendocrine‐non‐neuroendocrine neoplasm with early poor prognosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection: A case report
Authors: Tomita Yusuke , Seki Hideyuki , Matsuzono Emi , Kobayashi Yoshimitsu , Sogabe Susumu , Sugai Nozomu , Fujita Jun , Suzuki Akira 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEarly gastric mixed neuroendocrine‐non‐neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) are rare diseases, with no data on their incidence and prognosis. We report the case of intramucosal gastric MiNENs for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) treatment. An 80‐year‐old male underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy for screening and was suspected of early gastric cancer type 0‐IIa+IIc on the lesser curvature of the antrum, for which ESD treatment was performed. Histopathologically, the diagnosis was MiNENs. Synaptophysin‐positive adenoductal structures were observed in the adenocarcinoma component, suggesting that adenocarcinoma had dedifferentiated into neuroendocrine carcinoma. The tumor was located within the mucosal layer, with lympho‐vascular invasion. The patient was kept under observation; however, 6 months after the ESD, computed tomography scan revealed prominent ascites, enlarged lymph nodes, and liver metastases, and MiNENs were suspected to have poor prognosis. If MiNENs diagnosis is made preoperatively or postoperatively, surgical resection may be considered as treatment regardless of the tumor depth or lympho‐vascular invasion.
Commercially available novel device to prevent the diffusion of droplets from subjects undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy: A pilot study with its prototype
Authors: Endo Hiroyuki , Koike Tomoyuki , Obara Noriyuki , Hatta Waku , Masamune Atsushi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionUnder the current pandemic situation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), we have newly developed a commercially available device named Endomask to prevent the diffusion of droplets from subjects undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Herein, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of the device, and also evaluate the stress of the device on the operators and the subjects of EGD.MethodsThe efficacy of the device was evaluated using an experimental model that simulated the environment of EGD. The safety of the device was evaluated clinically by means of measuring the oxygen saturation and the expiratory carbonic dioxide partial pressure of subjects with our device during EGD. The stress of the device on the operability of the endoscopists and the respiration of the subjects were evaluated using questionnaires.ResultsIn the experiments with Endomask, the percentage of the area with simulated droplets was significantly reduced compared to that without our device (median, 0.24% vs. 6.96%, p = 0.009). The saturation of oxygen and the expiratory carbonic dioxide partial pressure of subjects with the device did not show significant change at any recording times. Neither the operators nor the subjects felt serious stress from examination with the device.ConclusionsEndomask could remarkably and safely prevent the diffusion of droplets without serious stress. Endomask is expected to contribute to a reduction of the infectious risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 in endoscopy units during COVID‐19 pandemic.
Leadership‐evaluation partnership: Infusing systems principles and complexity concepts for a transformational alliance
Authors: Richardson Ruth A. , Patton Michael Q. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Global Alliance for the Future of Food provides a case exemplar of incorporating systems thinking, complexity understandings, and developmental evaluation into systems transformation work. This transformational engagement is not just rhetoric but is deeply embedded as the focus of the Global Alliance's ongoing work. It is, importantly, predicated on in‐depth and long‐term cocreation and collaboration between alliance leadership and an independent external evaluator. This chapter will tell the story of how the Global Alliance incorporated systems thinking, complexity understandings, and principles‐focused developmental evaluation into systems transformation work through the reflective practice of the coauthors, Ruth Richardson, the Global Alliance Executive Director, and Michael Quinn Patton, the developmental evaluation consultant to the Global Alliance.
Using systems methods to elicit complex program theories
Authors: Reeders Daniel , Brown Graham 
Published: September 2021

AbstractContextual interventions pose unique challenges for implementation studies and evaluation research. By contextual, we mean programs that are tightly integrated with the social systems they are seeking to influence or transform. This integration challenges foundational assumptions of intervention science and necessitates the development of innovative approaches to monitoring and evaluation. The W3 (‘What Works and Why’) project piloted the use of complex systems theory and methods (CSTM) to develop program theories for peer and community‐led (PCL) programs in HIV and viral hepatitis prevention and health promotion. As a class, these programs have struggled to articulate and theorize their approach to justify their funding and to build an evidence base. CSTM allowed us to articulate detailed program theories based on ‘mental models’ held by program staff and stakeholders. This chapter describes our reflection and adaptation experience as we piloted the CSTM approach in─and as─social research.
Adenoma and colorectal cancer risks in Lynch syndrome, Lynch‐like syndrome and familial colorectal cancer type X
Authors: Bucksch Karolin , Zachariae Silke , Ahadova Aysel , Aretz Stefan , Büttner Reinhard , Görgens Heike , Holinski‐Feder Elke , Hüneburg Robert , Kloor Matthias , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus , Ladigan‐Badura Swetlana , Moeslein Gabriela , Morak Monika , Nattermann Jacob , Nguyen Huu Phuc , Perne Claudia , Redler Silke , Schmetz Ariane , Steinke‐Lange Verena , Surowy Harald , Vangala Deepak B. , Weitz Jürgen , Loeffler Markus , Engel Christoph ,   German Consortium for Familial Intestinal Cancer
Published: September 2021

AbstractLynch syndrome (LS), Lynch‐like syndrome (LLS) and familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCX) are different entities of familial cancer predisposition leading to an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this prospective study was to characterise and to compare the risks for adenoma and CRC in these three risk groups. Data was taken from the registry of the German Consortium for Familial Intestinal Cancer. Patients were prospectively followed up in an intensified colonoscopic surveillance programme that included annual examinations. Cumulative risks for adenoma and CRC were calculated separately for LS, LLS and FCCX, and then for males and females. Multivariate Cox regression was used to analyse the independent contributions of risk group, mismatch repair gene (within LS), sex and previous adenoma. The study population comprised 1448 individuals (103 FCCX, 481 LLS and 864 LS). The risks were similar for colorectal adenomas, but different for first and metachronous CRC between the three risk groups. CRC risk was highest in LS, followed by LLS and lowest in FCCX. Male sex and a prevalent adenoma in the index colonoscopy were associated with a higher risk for incident adenoma and CRC. In patients with LS, CRC risks were particularly higher in female MSH2 than MLH1 carriers. Our study may support the development of risk‐adapted surveillance policies in LS, LLS and FCCX.
Revisiting Sweden's comprehensive school reform: Effects on education and earnings
Authors: Fischer Martin , Heckley Gawain , Karlsson Martin , Nilsson Therese 
Published: September 2021

SummaryWe revisit a Swedish comprehensive school reform first evaluated by Meghir and Palme (2005). This reform increased years of schooling and abolished tracking. We extend the original analysis to the full population and introduce an improved education measure. Our results confirm the original overall finding of small average earnings effects. However, we find considerably larger increases in educational attainment and no evidence of decreased labor earnings for students with high‐educated fathers. Our analysis provides two new important insights: First, we find no evidence that de‐tracking had differential earnings effects across socioeconomic groups. Second, previous instrumental variable (IV) estimates using similar administrative education data are substantially upward biased.
Surface plasmon resonance improved photocatalytic activity of Au/TiO2 nanocomposite under visible light for degradation of pollutants
Authors: Kholikov Bobur , Hussain Jamil , Hayat Salman , Zeng Hongjuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of nonprecious and highly efficient photocatalyst by a green technique is highly desirable for environmental remediation. Herein, gold nanoparticles (Au Nps) have been successfully loading on the nanoparticle TiO2 surface by a deposition‐precipitation (DP) method. The optimized amount of 3Au/TiO2 nanocomposite used for the degradation of toxic pollutant shows 36‐time photo‐activity improvement compared to the pure TiO2. According to the experimental results, the study confirmed that the prepared Au/TiO2 nanocomposite material has excellent visible light photo‐activity. This is due to the modification of Au surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and its catalytic function which leads to the expansion of visible light response, and the transfer of electrons from SPR‐Au to TiO2 enhances the charge separation nanocomposite. In addition, the as‐prepared nanocomposite exhibits best stability; even after five cycles, no serious deactivation was observed. Besides, the main active species involved during photocatalytic degradation were confirmed through trapping experiment that super oxide radicals are the leading species for the 2,4‐DCP degradation. It is expected that this work would provide a reasonable path to perceptibly improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2‐based photocatalyst for the environmental remediation.
The role of type I interferon in the treatment of COVID‐19
Authors: Sodeifian Fatemeh , Nikfarjam Mahsa , Kian Naghmeh , Mohamed Kawthar , Rezaei Nima 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough significant research has been done to find effective drugs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), no definite effective drug exists. Thus, research has now shifted towards immunomodulatory agents other than antivirals. In this review, we aim to describe the latest findings on the role of type I interferon (IFN)‐mediated innate antiviral response against SARS‐CoV‐2 and discuss the use of IFNs as a medication for COVID‐19. A growing body of evidence has indicated a promoting active but delayed IFNs response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in infected bronchial epithelial cells. Studies have demonstrated that IFNs' administration before the viral peak and the inflammatory phase of disease could offer a highly protective effect. However, IFNs' treatment during the inflammatory and severe stages of the disease causes immunopathology and long‐lasting harm for patients. Therefore, it is critical to note the best time window for IFNs' administration. Further investigation of the clinical effectiveness of interferon for patients with mild to severe COVID‐19 and its optimal timing and route of administration can be beneficial in finding a safe and effective antiviral therapy for the COVID‐19 disease.
Three dimensional printing of a low‐cost middle‐ear training model for surgical management of otosclerosis
Authors: Razavi Christopher , Galaiya Deepa , Vafaee Seena , Yin Rui , Carey John P. , Taylor Russell H. , Creighton Francis X. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSurgical management of otosclerosis is technically challenging with studies demonstrating that outcomes are commensurate with surgical experience. Moreover, experts apply less force on the ossicular chain during prosthesis placement than their novice counterparts. Given the predicted decreasing patient pool and the rising cost of human temporal bone specimens it has become more challenging for trainees to receive adequate intraoperative or laboratory‐based experience in this procedure. As such, there is a need for a low‐cost training model for the procedure. Here we describe such a model.MethodsA surgical model of the middle ear was designed using computer aided design (CAD) software. The model consists of four components, the superior three dimensional (3D)‐printed component representing the external auditory canal, a 90° torsion spring representing the incus, a 3D‐printed base with a stapedotomy underlying the torsion spring, and a 3D‐printed phone holder to facilitate video‐recording of trials and subsequent calculation of the force applied on the modeled incus. Force applied on the incus is calculated based on Hooke's Law from post‐trial computer‐vision analysis of recorded video following experimental determination of the spring constant of the modeled incus.ResultsThe described model was manufactured with a total cost of $56.50. The spring constant was experimentally determined to be 97.0 mN mm/deg, resulting in an ability to detect force applied to the modeled incus across a range of 1.2 to 5200 mN.ConclusionsWe have created a low‐cost middle‐ear training model with measurable objective performance outcomes. The range of detectable force exceeds expected values for the task.Level of Evidence: IV.
First evidence of rock wall permafrost in the Pyrenees (Vignemale peak, 3,298 m a.s.l., 42°46′16″N/0°08′33″W)
Authors: Rico Ibai , Magnin Florence , López Moreno Juan Ignacio , Serrano Enrique , Alonso‐González Esteban , Revuelto Jesús , Hughes‐Allen Lara , Gómez‐Lende Manuel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPermafrost is a relevant component of the Pyrenean high mountains, triggering a wide range of geomorphological cryogenic processes. Although in the past decades there has been an increase in frozen ground studies in the Pyrenees, there are no specific studies about rock wall permafrost, its presence, distribution, thermal regime, or historical evolution. This work combines measured rock surface temperatures (RSTs, from August 2013 to April 2016) along an elevation profile (four sites) on the north facing the rock wall of the Vignemale peak (3,298 m a.s.l., 42°46′16″N/0°08′33″W) and temperature modeling (CryoGRID2) to determine the presence of permafrost and to analyze its evolution since the mid‐20th century. Simulations are run with various RST forcings and bedrock properties to account for forcing data uncertainty and varying degrees of rock fracturing. Results reveal that warm permafrost may have existed down to 2,600 m a.s.l. until the early 1980s and that warm permafrost is currently found at ~2,800 m a.s.l. and up to 3,000 m a.s.l. Cold (<−2°C) permafrost may exist above 3,100–3,200 m a.s.l. Systematic investigations on rock wall permafrost must be conducted to refine those results in the Pyrenees. The elevation shift in warm permafrost suggests an imminent disappearance of permafrost in the Vignemale peak.
Key role of juvenile hormone in controlling reproductive diapause in females of the Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis
Authors: Gao Qiao , Li Bei , Tian Zhong , De Loof Arnold , Wang Jia‐Lu , Wang Xiao‐Ping , Liu Wen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis is an important predator of several agricultural pests, including aphids and whiteflies, and thus can contribute to pest management. Commercial viability as a pest control method requires that the beetle can be mass‐reared, and that workable conditions for extended shelf‐life can be guaranteed. One of the features of Harmonia's life cycle is that it enters diapause in the adult stage when the length of the photophase starts shortening in late summer. Reduction of juvenile hormone (JH) titer has been demonstrated to be the common endocrine mechanism inducing reproductive diapause in insects. However, whether H. axyridis enters diapause dependent on JH shutdown and how the JH level is regulated before diapause remains unknown.RESULTSLike in other insects, the absence of JH triggers the induction and maintenance of reproductive diapause in H. axyridis, indicated by JH measurements and the knockdown of an intracellular JH receptor methoprene‐tolerant (Met). Methoprene, a JH analog, significantly reversed diapause into reproduction via Met. Combined with RNA‐sequencing and RNA interference, we also demonstrated that JH biosynthesis rather than the JH degradation pathway determines the reduction of JH titer in diapausing females.CONCLUSIONOur results reveal the vital role of JH in regulating reproductive diapause in female H. axyridis. Harmonia axyridis diapause could thus be manipulated by targeting JH production and JH signaling. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
On developing robust adaptive approaches for monitoring location of non‐normal environments
Authors: Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Hussain Tahir , Abbas Zameer , Akhtar Noureen , Abid Muhammad , Riaz Muhammad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe assumption of normally distributed data is emerged with several statistical inferences as well as in statistical process control. But various real practices on data in different fields like Biological sciences, health, production processes, and manufacturing industries exhibit non‐normal behavior. The current study is concerned with developing robust adaptive exponentially weighted moving average (AEWMA) control charts to monitor the location of non‐normal environments. In the current study, four estimators are considered and listed as Mean (, Mid‐range (), Median (and Trimean () for observing process target. Robust proposals of the said schemes are scrutinized towards symmetric non‐normal (t and Laplace) and skewed (Log‐normal and Gamma) environments. The average of run‐length and standard deviation of run‐length are taken as performance evaluation measures. Additionally, some percentile points of distribution run length are also reported for a better understanding of run‐length distribution. Corrected design constants of the proposed charts are also provided for mentioned distributions. Implementation of the proposed schemes is illustrated by providing examples related to real practice.
Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Amides from 1,1‐Dibromoalkenes via Oxidation of Alkynyl Boronate Intermediates
Authors: Tao Lei , Yang Wen , Zhao Wanxiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn efficient and practical method for the synthesis of carboxylic acids, esters, and amides from 1,1‐dibromoalkenes has been developed. The reactions proceed through a key process, the C(sp)−B bond oxidation of alkynyl boronate intermediates with Oxone. This protocol features broad substrate scope, good efficiency, and good functional group compatibility. Moreover, the synthetic practicability was demonstrated by easy gram‐scale preparation and the synthesis of drug molecules.
Synthesis, Characterization and Spectroscopic Investigation of Novel Tetra‐Iron(III) Complexes and D‐Glucose under Redox Conditions
Authors: Stewart Christopher , Mamori Myles , Arman Hadi , Musie Ghezai T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn order to investigate sugar‐metal interactions, we synthesized and fully characterized three iron(III) complexes (K4[1]⋅25H2O⋅(CH3)2CO, K2[2]⋅CH3OH⋅4H2O and K2[3]⋅CH3OK⋅5CH3OH) bearing a dinucleating ligand H5ccdp (H5ccdp=N,N′‐bis[2‐carboxybenzomethyl]‐N,N′‐bis[carboxymethyl]‐1,3‐diaminopropan‐2‐ol). Whereas K4[1]⋅25H2O⋅(CH3)2CO was soluble in water, K2[2]⋅CH3OH⋅4H2O and K2[3]⋅CH3OK⋅5CH3OH were soluble only in methanol. In aqueous alkaline media, spectroscopic investigations revealed that K4[1]⋅25H2O⋅(CH3)2CO undergoes coordination and redox activities toward D‐glucose. No such activities were observed when the complexes were investigated with either Mannose, Xylose, methyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside or methyl α‐D‐glucopyranoside under the same experimental conditions. Similar investigations using K2[2]⋅CH3OH⋅4H2O and K2[3]⋅CH3OK⋅5CH3OH complexes in methanol showed neither substrate binding nor redox activity. Synthesis, characterizations, results of substrate binding studies using spectroscopic techniques, redox activity and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction are reported.
A trial‐based economic evaluation of peppermint oil for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Weerts Zsa Zsa R. M. , Essers Brigitte A. B. , Jonkers Daisy M. A. E. , Willems Jeresa I. A. , Janssen Deborah J. P. A. , Witteman Ben J. M. , Clemens Cees H. M. , Westendorp Audrey , Masclee Ad A. M. , Keszthelyi Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent, chronic gastrointestinal disorder that imposes a substantial socioeconomic burden. Peppermint oil is a frequently used treatment for IBS, but evidence about cost‐effectiveness is lacking.ObjectiveWe aimed to assess cost‐effectiveness of small‐intestinal release peppermint oil versus placebo in IBS patients.MethodsIn a multicenter randomized placebo‐controlled trial, cost‐effectiveness was evaluated from a societal perspective. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were expressed as (1) incremental costs per Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY), and (2) incremental costs per successfully treated patient, that is per abdominal pain responder (according to FDA definitions), both after an eight‐week treatment period with placebo versus peppermint oil. Cost‐utility and uncertainty were estimated using non‐parametric bootstrapping. Sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsThe analysis comprised 126 patients (N = 64 placebo, N = 62 small‐intestinal release peppermint oil). Peppermint oil was a dominant treatment compared to placebo in 46% of bootstrap replications. Peppermint oil was also more effective but at higher cost in 31% of replications. The net‐benefit acceptability curve showed that peppermint oil has a 56% probability of being cost‐effective at a conservative willingness‐to‐pay threshold of €10.000/QALY. Peppermint oil was also a dominant treatment per additional successfully treated patient according to FDA definitions, that is in 51% of replications. In this case, the acceptability curve showed an 89% probability of being cost‐effective.ConclusionsIn patients with IBS, small‐intestinal release peppermint oil appears to be a cost‐effective treatment although there is uncertainty surrounding the ICER. When using abdominal pain responder as outcome measure for the ICER, peppermint oil has a high probability of being cost‐effective. The use of peppermint oil, which is a low‐cost treatment, can be justified by the modest QALY gains and slightly higher proportion of abdominal pain responders. More research and long‐term data are necessary to confirm the cost‐effectiveness of peppermint oil. NCT02716285.
On supersymmetric AdS3 solutions of Type II
Authors: Passias Achilleas , Prins Daniël 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We classify supersymmetric warped AdS3×wM7 backgrounds of Type IIA and Type IIB supergravity with non-constant dilaton, generic RR fluxes and magnetic NSNS flux, in terms of a dynamic SU(3)-structure on M7. We illustrate our results by recovering several solutions with various amounts of supersymmetry. The dynamic SU(3)-structure includes a G2-structure as a limiting case, and we show that in Type IIB this is integrable.