bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identity transformation of mothers with substance abuse histories during a support group
Authors: To Siu‐ming , Lau Cheryl Danielle , So Yuk‐yan , Chung Mee‐yee , Liu Xiaoyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile previous literature has highlighted the significance of supporting mothers with substance abuse histories to create meaning from past events and reconstruct their self‐identities, empirical evidence on the use of existential–narrative interventions to facilitate the identity transformation of these mothers is generally lacking. This study presents qualitative results from interviews with 10 mothers with a history of substance abuse who participated in a support group in Hong Kong that employed an existential–narrative approach. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed that before the intervention, participants reported several challenges concerning motherhood and difficulties around narrating their life stories. During the intervention, participants experienced an enhancement of mutual understanding and appreciation, acknowledged the emotional impact of negative life events, and began to reinterpret these events. After the intervention, emergent themes revealed positive changes in self‐perception, strengthened resistance to substance use, improved parent–child relationships and parenting practices, and improved family relationships. Altogether, the findings suggest that interventions adopting an existential–narrative approach may have benefits and implications for helping this population reorganize their self‐perceptions and achieve more positive life outcomes.
Males of a Neotropical spider adjust prey‐gift construction but not mate search in response to sperm competition
Authors: Macedo‐Rego Renato C. , Costa‐Schmidt Luiz Ernesto , Machado Glauco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn scramble competition mating systems, males do not guard females and females usually mate polyandrously, leading to high levels of sperm competition. Mathematical models predict that males facing sperm competition can either decrease or increase their reproductive effort. To test how male reproductive responses vary according to sperm competition risk, we ran two experiments using the polyandrous gift‐giving spiderParatrechalea ornata. First, we tested whether males prefer substrates containing silk of unmated females than substrates containing silk of once‐mated females, competitor males or without silk. Males spent more time on substrates containing silk of females but showed no preference for unmated females, which indicates that males may optimize mate search by prioritizing substrates containing cues of potential mating partners. The lack of preference for unmated females suggests that males cannot detect female mating status from silk or that the costs of searching preferentially for unmated females are high in the field. Second, we tested whether males adjust prey‐gift construction when facing sperm competition risk. Experimental groups (substrate containing silk of an unmated female and silk of another malevs. substrate containing only silk of an unmated female) did not differ in the frequency of gift construction, latency to gift construction and number of flies added to the gift. However, males facing sperm competition risk constructed gifts with less silk, suggesting the occurrence of a less evident form of male mate choice based on differential allocation of resources to prey‐gift. Additionally, given the trade‐off between investing in prey‐gifts quantity or quality, a lower silk investment should enable males to increase the number of gifts constructed and the number of courted females. Taken together, our results indicate that males detect female and male pheromones on substrate and adjust the construction of prey‐gifts in response to apparent sperm competition risk.
‘Acknowledge me as a capable person’: How people with mental ill health describe their experiences with general emergency care staff – A qualitative interview study
Authors: Derblom Katharina , Molin Jenny , Gabrielsson Sebastian , Lindgren Britt‐Marie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPeople with mental ill health attend general emergency care more often than others for physical and psychiatric care needs. Staff in general emergency care report they lack knowledge and strategies to meet with and care for people with mental ill health. This study aimed to describe how people with mental ill health experience encounters with staff in general emergency care. We conducted individual semi‐structured interviews with 11 people with mental ill health about their experiences in general emergency care and subjected the interview data to qualitative content analysis. Our results show the importance to people with mental ill health of being acknowledged as capable persons, and how this relates to their experiences of being recognized, ignored, or dismissed by staff in general emergency care. Even small, ordinary aspects of staff/patient interactions can have major impacts on a person’s recovery and well‐being. The study is reported according to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines.
High‐performance Al2O3 ceramics prepared by DCC‐HVCI via microwave heating
Authors: He Zi‐Xuan , Wu Jia‐Min , Wu Ya‐Ru , Zheng Wen , Zhang Jing‐Xian , Shi Yu‐Sheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA novel and rapid fabrication method for Al2O3 ceramics by the DCC‐HVCI method via microwave heating was proposed. Effects of microwave heating temperature on coagulation time, micromorphology, as well as performance of the green body and ceramic sample were studied. As the microwave heating temperature rises, the coagulation time gradually reduced and compressive strength of green sample decreased while relative density and flexural strength of ceramics rose at the beginning and then dropped. The 50 vol.% Al2O3 suspension was coagulated and demolded after treating at 60°C for 800 s by microwave heating. The compressive strength of green samples reached 1.12 ± 0.13 MPa. The relative density of Al2O3 ceramic samples reached 99.39%. And the flexural strength of Al2O3 ceramics reached 334.55 ± 26.41 MPa. The Weibull modulus of Al2O3 ceramics reached 19. In contrast with the ceramic samples heated through water bath, the ceramic samples treated through microwave possessed uniform microstructures. Microwave heating could reduce the coagulation time by 77%. Meanwhile, it could significantly raise the compressive strength of green bodies by 65%. Additionally, it could increase the flexural strength of ceramics by 30%.
Stable pleiotropic loci and candidate genes for fresh pod‐ and seed‐related characteristics across multiple environments in soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Chen Shiliang , Sun Yaqian , Shao Zhenqi , Li Wenlong , Du Hui , Kong Youbin , Li Xihuan , Zhang Caiying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSoybean provides irreplaceable protein and oil. Pods and seeds are essential soybean harvested organs. To illustrate the genetic basis of pod‐ and seed‐related traits, a natural population was assessed for eight related traits under four environments. In all, 15 associated SNPs were identified across multiple environments or controlling various traits, and 11 were verified through BLUP. Two SNPs on chromosome 15 were associated with six traits across multiple environments. Two SNPs on chromosome 2 were also associated with six traits under multiple environments. Significant phenotype differences between favourable and unfavourable alleles/haplotypes under four environments were detected. Significant association of pod length SNP and large‐pod phenotype (pod length ≥4.5 cm) was detected. The genetic basis of elite germplasms was analysed, and ‘Chuxiu’ possessed all of the 15 favourable alleles with best phenotype. Some candidate genes participating in cell wall structural remodelling, gibberellin and ethylene pathways were selected with different expressions in pod developmental stages. These results provided novel insights into genetic basis and molecular markers/candidate genes for soybean fresh pod and seed genetic improvement.
Incidence of hospitalization for abusive head trauma in Chiba City, Japan
Authors: Yamaoka Yui , Obikane Erika , Isumi Aya , Miyasaka Mikiko , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundsThis study aimed to examine the incidence of abusive head trauma (AHT) admissions by calculating admission rates of AHT cases among infants <12 months old in a population‐based sample in Chiba city, Chiba prefecture, Japan.MethodsWe retrospectively examined medical records of infants admitted to all pediatric secondary and tertiary hospitals in Chiba city between 2011 and 2015. We collected 13 AHT cases, as assessed by hospital‐based multidisciplinary child protection teams. One experienced pediatric radiologist and two pediatricians evaluated the case histories and computed tomography images of cases to evaluate them clinically as “strongly” or “moderately” suspected AHT.ResultsThe overall incidence per 100 000 person‐years was 34.5 cases (95% confidence interval (CI): 18.4–59.1), of which 13.3 (95% CI: 4.3–31.0), were strongly suspected to be AHT and 21.3 (95% CI: 9.2–41.9) were moderately suspected. There were no statistical differences in computed tomography findings between severe and moderately suspected AHT.ConclusionsThe incidence of hospitalization of infants with AHT was similar to that reported in population‐based studies in other countries.
Pre-Apprenticeship Training for Young People: Estimating the Marginal and Average Treatment Effects
Authors: Dorsett Richard , Stokes Lucy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper evaluates traineeships, a voluntary programme of work placement and preparation that aims to help young unemployed people in England compete for jobs and apprenticeships. Applying the method of local instrumental variables to administrative data, we estimate the marginal treatment effects on apprenticeship take-up and employment. The heterogeneous impacts are then aggregated to form an estimate of the average impact of treatment for all participants. The results suggest that, among younger trainees, participation increases the probability of becoming an apprentice and that this holds across the distribution of unobserved heterogeneity. For older trainees, we find no significant effect on the probability of becoming an apprenticeship on average but some evidence of a negative effect among those more resistant to participating. We find no effects on employment for either age group.
Ultrahigh‐dimensional generalized additive model: Unified theory and methods
Authors: Yang Kaixu , Maiti Tapabrata 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGeneralized additive model is a powerful statistical learning and predictive modeling tool that has been applied in a wide range of applications. The need of high‐dimensional additive modeling is eminent in the context of dealing with high throughput data such as genetics data analysis. In this article, we studied a two‐step selection and estimation method for ultrahigh‐dimensional generalized additive models. The first step applies group lasso on the expanded bases of the functions. With high probability this selects all nonzero functions without having too much over selection. The second step uses adaptive group lasso with any initial estimators, including the group lasso estimator, that satisfies some regular conditions. The adaptive group lasso estimator is shown to be selection consistent with improved convergence rates. Tuning parameter selection is also discussed and shown to select the true model consistently under generalized information criterion procedure. The theoretical properties are supported by extensive numerical study.
A Wave Prediction Framework Based on Machine Learning and the Third Generation Wave Model
Authors: Liu Shuai , Zhang Xinshu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To predict the evolution of wave spectrum in the real ocean, a machine learning framework is developed by training a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network on a physics-based third-generation wave model (Simulating WAve Nearshore (SWAN)). Considering the realistic ocean waves are usually mixtures of windsea and swells, the wave spectrum is partitioned using a watershed algorithm, such that the windsea and swells are analyzed and predicted separately. Four parameters are selected to capture the wave spectrum of each system, including the significant wave height Hs, peaked wave period Tp, mean propagation direction θm, and directional spreading width σθ. The results demonstrate that the LSTM neural network can achieve accurate prediction of wave condition, the mean absolute error percentage (MAEPs) of 1-h prediction is less than 5.9%, 3.3%, 3.5%, and 3.3% for Hs, Tp, θm, and σθ, respectively, and accurate prediction of wave spectra is achieved. Even for the 10-h prediction, satisfactory results are obtained, e.g., the MAEP of Hs is less than 15.5%. The effects of output size (i.e., prediction duration), input data size (i.e., number of delays), as well as different combinations of input features on predictions of wave conditions are examined.
Induction of EBV latent membrane protein-2A (LMP2A)-specific T cells and construction of individualized TCR-engineered T cells for EBV-associated malignancies
Authors: Zhang Chaoting , Tan Qin , Li Shance , Shen Luyan , Zhang Jingtao , Liu Ying , Yang Wenjun , Lu Zheming 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundLatent membrane protein-2A (LMP2A)-specific TCR-engineered T cells could be a promising treatment approach to Epstein–Barr virus-associated malignancies. However, previous studies mainly reported LMP2A-reactive TCRs only focusing on specific HLA subtypes and corresponding epitopes, and thus, they were only suitable for patients with specific HLA.MethodsDue to hugely varied HLA subtypes and presented LMP2A epitopes in different individuals, our study attempted to develop an individualized approach, based on the weekly in vitro stimulation of peripheral T cells for 2 weeks with autologous dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with a pool of LMP2A peptides covering LMP2A whole protein and combination analysis of high throughput TCRβ sequencing of prestimulated and poststimulated T cells and single-cell TCR sequencing of poststimulated T cells, and to identify LMP2A-specific TCRs of which poststimulated frequencies significantly increased than corresponding prestimulated frequencies.ResultsFollowing this approach, multiple LMP2A-reactive TCRs were identified, optimized and cloned into lentiviral vector, and then transduced into peripheral T cells. These engineerd T cells were demonstrated to specifically recognize the LMP2A presented by autologous DCs and lymphoblastoid cell lines in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsThis approach provides an efficient procedure to isolate individualized LMP2A-specific TCRs for basic and translational research, as well as for clinical applications.
Photoluminescence of Ca4Ga2S7:Eu2+ in wide excitation intensity and temperature range
Authors: Urmanov B. D. , Leanenia M. S. , Yablonskii G. P. , Taghiyev O. B. , Taghiyev K. O. , Kazimova F. A. , Ibragimova T. Sh. 
Published: July 2021

Photoluminescence properties of [Formula: see text] chalcogenide semiconductors have been studied under the impulse laser excitation in the range of 10–105 W/cm2 at room temperature. This study has shown that as a result of excitation, photoluminescence of [Formula: see text] is characterized by the emission in the interval of 450–575 nm with significant domination in the spectra line at 660 nm. Photoluminescence of [Formula: see text] quenches at wavelengths of 560 nm and 660 nm with constant time frames 258 ns and 326 ns, respectively. Moreover, the temperature measurements of photoluminescence were performed on the samples in the temperature range of 10–300 K.
Contemporary Lung Cancer Screening and the Promise of Blood-Based Biomarkers
Authors: von Itzstein Mitchell S. , Gerber David E. , Minna John D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this issue, the study by Dagnino and colleagues represents an important addition to the maturing field of blood-based biomarkers for lung cancer screening. Their comprehensive approach to analyzing circulating inflammatory proteins identified CDCP1 as a potential biomarker for distinguishing patients with or without lung cancer, a finding that was confirmed in a validation cohort. CDCP1 blood levels, when combined with smoking history, gave an AUC receiver operator characteristic of 0.75. Analysis of transcripts in peripheral blood cells suggested a Wnt/β-catenin signaling–based mechanism for CDCP1 in tumorigenesis providing biologic plausibility. CDCP1 now joins the ranks of other potential blood-based lung cancer screening biomarkers (including epithelial tumor marker proteins, tumor-associated miRNA, antitumor antibodies, and tumor-specific DNA methylation) that need validation in future clinical trials. Further exploration of how CDCP1 levels might be integrated into current lung cancer screening programs, including both detection of lung cancer, and evaluation of the need for invasive biopsies, as well as how CDCP1 performs in different racial populations, is warranted.
See related article by Dagnino et al., p. 3738
Artificial Intelligence in Surveillance of Barrett's Esophagus
Authors: Madabhushi Anant , Toro Paula , Willis Joseph E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A study by Waterhouse and colleagues in a previous issue of Cancer Research describes the development and prospective validation of an artificial intelligence approach in conjunction with spectral imaging to enhance endoscopic detection of Barrett's esophagus-related neoplasia. The authors developed a novel spectral endoscope with external optics suitable for routine Barrett's esophagus surveillance with diffuse tissue reflectance to define multispectral data correlated with histopathology. A convolutional neural network was trained on the absis of the spectral signatures acquired as part of a small, prospective clinical trial to distinguish Barrett's esophagus from Barrett's esophagus neoplasia. The results from the study suggest the utility of artificial intelligence for diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus.
See related article by Waterhouse et al., Cancer Res 2021;81:3415–25
Standard-Dose Pembrolizumab Plus Alternate-Dose Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma: KEYNOTE-029 Cohort 1C, a Phase 2 Randomized Study of Two Dosing Schedules
Authors: Long Georgina V. , Robert Caroline , Butler Marcus O. , Couture Felix , Carlino Matteo S. , O'Day Steven , Atkinson Victoria , Cebon Jonathan S. , Brown Michael P. , Dalle Stéphane , Hill Andrew G. , Gibney Geoffrey T. , McCune Steven , Menzies Alexander M. , Niu Cuizhen , Ibrahim Nageatte , Moreno Blanca Homet , Diab Adi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Standard-dose pembrolizumab plus alternative-dose ipilimumab (1 mg/kg Q3W for 4 doses) were tolerable and had robust antitumor activity in advanced melanoma in cohort B of the phase 1 KEYNOTE-029 study. Cohort C evaluated standard-dose pembrolizumab with two other alternative ipilimumab regimens.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with treatment-naive unresectable stage III/IV melanoma were randomly assigned 1:1 to pembrolizumab 200 mg Q3W for ≤24 months plus ipilimumab 50 mg Q6W for 4 doses (PEM200+IPI50), or the same pembrolizumab regimen plus ipilimumab 100 mg Q12W for 4 doses (PEM200+IPI100). Primary end points were incidence of grade 3–5 treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) and objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1 by independent central review. Per protocol-defined thresholds, grade 3–5 TRAE incidence ≤26% indicated meaningful toxicity reduction and ORR ≥48% indicated no decrease in efficacy versus data reported for other PD-1 inhibitor/ipilimumab combinations.

Results:
Median follow-up on February 18, 2019, was 16.3 months in PEM200+IPI50 (N = 51) and 16.4 months in PEM200+IPI100 (N = 51). Grade 3–5 TRAEs occurred in 12 (24%) patients in PEM200+IPI50 and 20 (39%) in PEM200+IPI100. One patient in PEM200+IPI50 died from treatment-related autoimmune myocarditis. Immune-mediated AEs or infusion reactions occurred in 21 (42%) patients in PEM200+IPI50 and 28 (55%) in PEM200+IPI100. ORR was 55% in PEM200+IPI50; 61% in PEM200+IPI100.

Conclusions:
Pembrolizumab 200 mg Q3W plus ipilimumab 50 mg Q6W or 100 mg Q12W demonstrated antitumor activity above the predefined threshold; pembrolizumab plus ipilimumab 50 mg Q6W had lower incidence of grade 3–5 TRAEs than the predefined threshold, suggesting a reduction in toxicity.
See related commentary by Jameson-Lee and Luke, p. 5153
Organoid Platform in Preclinical Investigation of Personalized Immunotherapy Efficacy in Appendiceal Cancer: Feasibility Study
Authors: Forsythe Steven D. , Erali Richard A. , Sasikumar Shyama , Laney Preston , Shelkey Ethan , D'Agostino Ralph , Miller Lance D. , Shen Perry , Levine Edward A. , Soker Shay , Votanopoulos Konstantinos I. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Immunotherapy efficacy data on appendiceal cancer from clinical trials does not exist, due to appendiceal cancer incidence of 0.97 per 100,000. The goal of this study was to preclinically explore the application of immunotherapy in treating appendiceal cancer in a personalized organoid model.

Experimental Design:
Patient tumor organoids (PTO) were fabricated using unsorted tumor cells with and without enrichment with patient-matched immune components derived from peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen, or lymph nodes [immune-enhanced PTOs (iPTO)]. Organoids were cultured for 7 days, followed by treatment with immunotherapy (pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab), and assessed for treatment efficacy.

Results:
Between September 2019 and May 2021, 26 patients were enrolled in the study. Successful testing was conducted in 19 of 26 (73.1%) patients, with 13 of 19 (68.4%) and 6 of 19 (31.6%) patients having low-grade appendiceal (LGA) and high-grade appendiceal (HGA) primaries, respectively. Immunotherapy response, with increased expression of granzyme B and cleaved caspase 3 and decreased expression of CK20 and ATP activity, was exhibited in 4 of 19 (21.1%) pembrolizumab-treated and 2 of 19 (10.5%) nivolumab-treated iPTOs. Post-immunotherapy cellular viability, in responding HGA organoids to pembrolizumab, decreased to less than 15% (P &lt; 0.05). LGA iPTO treatment responses were observed in pembrolizumab and nivolumab, with an 8%–47.4% (P &lt; 0.05) viability compared with controls. Ipilimumab showed no efficacy in the examined cohort.

Conclusions:
Immunotherapy shows measurable efficacy in appendiceal cancer organoids. Information derived from immunocompetent organoids may be applied in selecting patients for clinical trial enrollment in rare diseases where preclinical models of disease are lacking.