bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APOE4 Affects Basal and NMDAR-Mediated Protein Synthesis in Neurons by Perturbing Calcium Homeostasis
Authors: Ramakrishna Sarayu , Jhaveri Vishwaja , Konings Sabine C. , Nawalpuri Bharti , Chakraborty Sumita , Holst Bjørn , Schmid Benjamin , Gouras Gunnar K. , Freude Kristine K. , Muddashetty Ravi S. 
Published: September 2021

Apolipoprotein E (APOE), one of the primary lipoproteins in the brain has three isoforms in humans, APOE2, APOE3, and APOE4. APOE4 is the most well-established risk factor increasing the predisposition for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The presence of the APOE4 allele alone is shown to cause synaptic defects in neurons and recent studies have identified multiple pathways directly influenced by APOE4. However, the mechanisms underlying APOE4-induced synaptic dysfunction remain elusive. Here, we report that the acute exposure of primary cortical neurons or synaptoneurosomes to APOE4 leads to a significant decrease in global protein synthesis. Primary cortical neurons were derived from male and female embryos of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats or C57BL/6J mice. Synaptoneurosomes were prepared from P30 male SD rats. APOE4 treatment also abrogates the NMDA-mediated translation response indicating an alteration of synaptic signaling. Importantly, we demonstrate that both APOE3 and APOE4 generate a distinct translation response which is closely linked to their respective calcium signature. Acute exposure of neurons to APOE3 causes a short burst of calcium through NMDA receptors (NMDARs) leading to an initial decrease in protein synthesis which quickly recovers. Contrarily, APOE4 leads to a sustained increase in calcium levels by activating both NMDARs and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs), thereby causing sustained translation inhibition through eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) phosphorylation, which in turn disrupts the NMDAR response. Thus, we show that APOE4 affects basal and activity-mediated protein synthesis responses in neurons by affecting calcium homeostasis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDefective protein synthesis has been shown as an early defect in familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, this has not been studied in the context of sporadic AD, which constitutes the majority of cases. In our study, we show that Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), the predominant risk factor for AD, inhibits global protein synthesis in neurons. APOE4 also affects NMDA activity-mediated protein synthesis response, thus inhibiting synaptic translation. We also show that the defective protein synthesis mediated by APOE4 is closely linked to the perturbation of calcium homeostasis caused by APOE4 in neurons. Thus, we propose the dysregulation of protein synthesis as one of the possible molecular mechanisms to explain APOE4-mediated synaptic and cognitive defects. Hence, the study not only suggests an explanation for the APOE4-mediated predisposition to AD, it also bridges the gap in understanding APOE4-mediated pathology.
The Akt-mTOR Pathway Drives Myelin Sheath Growth by Regulating Cap-Dependent Translation
Authors: Fedder-Semmes Karlie N. , Appel Bruce 
Published: September 2021

In the vertebrate CNS, oligodendrocytes produce myelin, a specialized membrane, to insulate and support axons. Individual oligodendrocytes wrap multiple axons with myelin sheaths of variable lengths and thicknesses. Myelin grows at the distal ends of oligodendrocyte processes, and multiple lines of work have provided evidence that mRNAs and RNA binding proteins localize to myelin, together supporting a model where local translation controls myelin sheath growth. What signal transduction mechanisms could control this? One strong candidate is the Akt-mTOR pathway, a major cellular signaling hub that coordinates transcription, translation, metabolism, and cytoskeletal organization. Here, using zebrafish as a model system, we found that Akt-mTOR signaling promotes myelin sheath growth and stability during development. Through cell-specific manipulations to oligodendrocytes, we show that the Akt-mTOR pathway drives cap-dependent translation to promote myelination and that restoration of cap-dependent translation is sufficient to rescue myelin deficits in mTOR loss-of-function animals. Moreover, an mTOR-dependent translational regulator was phosphorylated and colocalized with mRNA encoding a canonically myelin-translated proteinin vivo, and bioinformatic investigation revealed numerous putative translational targets in the myelin transcriptome. Together, these data raise the possibility that Akt-mTOR signaling in nascent myelin sheaths promotes sheath growth via translation of myelin-resident mRNAs during development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the brain and spinal cord, oligodendrocytes extend processes that tightly wrap axons with myelin, a protein- and lipid-rich membrane that increases electrical impulses and provides trophic support. Myelin membrane grows dramatically following initial axon wrapping in a process that demands protein and lipid synthesis. How protein and lipid synthesis is coordinated with the need for myelin to be generated in certain locations remains unknown. Our study reveals that the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway promotes myelin sheath growth by regulating protein translation. Because we found translational regulators of the Akt-mTOR pathway in myelin, our data raise the possibility that Akt-mTOR activity regulates translation in myelin sheaths to deliver myelin on demand to the places it is needed.
Arabian undergraduates perceptions regarding barriers among the geriatric patients for failing to keep dental appointments: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shaikh Saquib Ahmed , Aldhuwayhi Sami , Joseph Angel Mary , Varadharaju Vinutha kumari , Khan Abdul Rehman Ahmed , Thakare Amar Ashok , Manva Mohnish Zulfikar , Desai Farheena , Saleem Shaikh  , Mustafa Mohammed Ziauddeen , Mallineni Sreekanth Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Background: Regular visits to the health care providers can develop a relationship that can extend beyond the physical health alone as the patient is transiting towards older age, adapting to changes in physical health, emotional health, and social connections. Apart from limiting access to health care services, the attitudes, beliefs, comfort level of the treating doctors towards the geriatric patients can motivate or demotivate them to access dental care.
Aims: To explore the Saudi Arabian undergraduate student’s perception of geriatric patients' and identify potential barriers that prevent the utilization of their dental appointment.
Methods: A close-ended questionnaire with one question and eight reasons was administered to the 5th year clinical students. The students were requested to specify their agreement with each question on 5 points Likert scale. Among the barriers presented, each reason's approval was expressed as the percentage of the total number of responses. In addition, the gender comparison of mean scores was made, and an independent sample t-test was used to analyze the statements agreed by the students. All analyses were performed using SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Sciences) version 21.0 (IBM, USA) with the probability of statistical significance at 0.05 level.
Results: Fifty-one students recorded their perceptions on the questionnaire administered during their clinical posting in the fifth year of the geriatric dental education program. It was concluded that students believed that geriatric patients give overwhelming importance to other problems with minor importance to oral health care. In addition, gender comparison was more evident as the percentage expressed was more in females.
Conclusion: There is a need for more clinical exposure of geriatric patients during their clinical postings. Student’s acquaintance with didactic and clinical settings appears to be a critical element towards positive knowledge and attitude towards the geriatric population.
Keywords: Geriatric dentistry, perception about geriatric, dental students, geriatric patients
PROPERTIES OF EDIBLE FILM FROM MODIFIED SAGO STARCH PRECIPITATED BY BUTANOL
Authors: Ningrum Riska Surya , Sondari Dewi , Amanda Putri , Widyaningrum Bernadeta Ayu , Burhani Dian , Akbar Fazhar , Sampora Yulianti 
Published: September 2021

ROPERTIES OF EDIBLE FILM FROM MODIFIED SAGO STARCH PRECIPITATED BY BUTANOL. The edible film is a thin layer that can be used as food packaging and safe for consumption. Starch is a material that can be used as an edible film because it is biodegradable, non-toxic, able to form a strong and transparent film. In this research, sago starch has been precipitated using butanol for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours. Precipitated sago is reacted with 3% glycerol and then formed into a film by printing it on a petri dish. Characterizations of edible films are FTIR, contact angle, water solubility, swelling power, WVTR, and mechanical properties (thickness, tensile strength, and elongation). Edible film (B2) has the best mechanical properties, that is high hydrophobicity (contact angle is 60,351 degree), tensile strength (6,8843 N/mm2), and elongation (49,5081 %), also low water solubility (0,3352 %), moisture content (18,6005 %), and WVTR (0,02986 g s-1 m-2).
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION: COMPOSITE OF GRAPHENE OXIDE BASED PALM KERNEL SHELL WASTE WITH FE3O4
Authors: Widyaningrum Bernadeta Ayu , Apriani Dita , Amanda Putri , Ismadi Ismadi , Sutanto Sutanto 
Published: September 2021

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION: COMPOSITE OF GRAPHENE OXIDE BASED PALM KERNEL SHELL WASTE WITH Fe3O4. In this study, GO-Fe3O4 were fabricated by co-precipitation technique and the graphene oxide (GO) were synthesized from an agricultural biomass, palm kernel shell, via Hummer’s method. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectrum (FESEM-EDS), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy were used to analysis the successful attachment of Fe3O4 onto the surface of GO. Morphology observation showed that Fe3O4 were heterogeneously deposited on the surface of GO. FT-IR spectra shows peak that incorporated to oxygenated functional groups and sharp peak at 586 cm-1 confirmed to lattice absorption of Fe3O4. The percentage of composition of GO-Fe3O4 was characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy and the results also confirmed in XRD exhibits similar properties with JCPDS 19-0629 for magnetite more dominant than GO. From Raman spectroscopy analysis shows that 1343.82 cm-1 (D-band) and 1584.62 cm-1 (G-band) and 2698 cm-1 (2D-band) indicates GO and GO-Fe3O4 were successfully synthesized.
Interrogation in Nigerian Police-suspect Discourse
Authors: Olanrewaju Farinde, Raifu , Ademola Oyedokun-Alli, Wasiu , Obinna Iroegbu 
Published: September 2021

Police-suspect interrogation is a peculiar discourse genre where there is interplay of power and dominance. This study examines the process by which linguistic coercion by the police is being actualized. The data for the study were interrogations between the police and some suspects that were selected within Ondo and Ekiti State Police Commands. The towns were purposively chosen based on their geographical spread across the Ondo Area Command as well as their population and commercial advantages. The data gathered were transcribed and analysed using Gibbons’ Forensic Questioning model. Since police-suspect interaction is based on questions and answers, questions in police-suspect interaction were classified according to the degree of power embedded in them. The result indicated that assault, abduction, affray and robbery were the common themes in Police-Suspect Discourse. The findings of the study reveal that in Police-Suspect Discourse there are such questions as declarative, choice, restricted and non-restricted WH-questions, special formulas and projected questions. The study further reveals that the questioning strategies of the police afford them the opportunity of controlling the interrogation. The more frequently the police use questions, the more they are coercive.
Modern drainage interventions in the surgical treatment pancreatic cyst
Authors: Lazutkin Maksim V. , Ivanusa Sergey Y. , Shershen Dmitriy P. , Popov Alexandr A. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose. To evaluate the capabilities of modern minimally invasive interventions under the beam guidance in the surgical treatment of pancreatic cysts.
Materials and Methods. The results of the examination and treatment of 88 patients with pancreatic cysts. Percutaneous puncture drainage under ultrasonographic guidance holds 56 patients, endoscopic transmural drainage of cysts by ultrasonography- in 32.
Results. After performing percutaneous drainage of cysts positive results were observed in 42 (75,0%) patients. Relapses cystic formations were observed in 14 (25.0%) patients. Endoscopic transmural drainage under ultrasonography noted one intraoperative complication perforation of the stomach wall. 6 patients had a good result. Term follow up of patients ranged from 10 months to 3 years.
During endoscopic transmural drainage stent dislocation and relapse of cysts were not detected in all operated patients after 6 months, Long-term results were observed only in 11 patients.
Conclusions. Percutaneous external drainage of pancreatic cysts is an effective intervention in 75% of patients. A fairly high percentage (25%) of relapses is due to the fact that long-term external drainage do not allow to achieve complete obliteration of the cyst cavity in its connection with the main pancreatic duct and preservation of ductal hypertension of the pancreas. Endoscopic installation of a stent between the hand cavity and the lumen of the stomach allows you to create conditions for a constant outflow of cyst contents into the stomach and eliminate pancreatic hypertension. The effectiveness of internal drainage is determined by the duration of stent functioning, as well as the possibility of forming an internal cystogastric fistula (3 figs, bibliography: 8 refs).
The application of long frame draining of pancreatoejunoanastomosis in patient after gastropancreatoduodeonal resection
Authors: Ivanusa Sergey Y. , Shershen Dmitriy P. , Akiуev Rustam M. , Eliseev Alexander 
Published: September 2021

Objective. To demonstrate the possibilities of early diagnosis of pancreatoejunonastomosis failure and options for surgical treatment of patients with pancreatic fistula after gastropancreatoduodenal resection using long-term frame drainage of pancreatojejunonastomosis.
Materials and methods. The results of combined treatment of a patient of the Department of General Surgery of S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy with a intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Pancreatoejunonastomosis failure was diagnosed based on the criteria of the International Research Group for the Study of Pancreatic Fistulas.
Results of the study. Patient B., 61 years old. In January 2019, computer tomography revealed a cystic cavity in the head of the pancreas. An controlled endoscopic ultrasound sonography biopsy was performed. Morphological examination verified the signs of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. On March 11, 2019, the patient underwent gastropancreatoduodenal resection with decompression of pancreatoejunoanastomosis using long-term frame drainage of the main pancreatic duct. On the third day of the postoperative period, x-ray contrast fistulography was used to diagnose the failure of the pancreatoejunonastomosis with the formation of a B type fistula. On the 23d day after gastropancreatoduodenal resection, puncture drainage of the non-drained acute fluid collection was performed under ultrasonographic control. On the 36th day of the postoperative period the frame and puncture drains were removed.
Conclusion. The use of long-term frame drainage for decompression of the duct system with staged fistulography, early diagnosis of complications of gastropancreatoduodenal resection in the form of the formation of type B pancreatic fistula, provided the effectiveness of conservative and minimally invasive measures for the treatment of postoperative complications (8 figs, bibliography: 7 refs).
The effects of plyometric training with additional weight applied to football athletes-students on some physical and physiological features and chronic muscle damage
Authors: Şirin Tayfun 
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of plyometric training with additional weight on physical performance and muscle damage findings in faculty of sports sciences athlete-students. Physical performance tests and blood samples of the athlete-students (male 23.41 ± 3.2 years old) were collected both from sample and the control groups at the first week of the study and at the last training of the twelfth week. During the study, plyometric training programs were applied to the additional weight group (AWG) and no additional weight group (AG). By the end of first and twelfth week, players’ BMI and body fat percentage tests were applied together with the physical tests of shuttle, yoyo, vertical jump, horizontal jump, agility and sprint performance tests. Blood samples were also taken to check muscle damage control markers (CK and LDH). Results: According to the results of tests performed at the end of first and twelfth weeks’ plyometric trainings on group with additional weight group (AWG), shuttle, yoyo and horizontal jumping were found to be significantly increased, while sprint performance, BMI and body fat performance tests were significantly decreased. The test results of the group without additional weight (AG) was; significant increase in shuttle, yoyo and vertical jump while significant decrease in sprint performance and fat %. By the end of twelve week plyometric trainings, no muscle damage has been observed in (AWG), CK pre-training (229,00 ± 155,25) and post training values (242,33 ± 193,67) and LDH pre-training (169,75 ± 40,85) and post-training (174,33 ± 39,12) values. As a result of the study, 12-week plyometric training with additional weight applied to football athletes-students not only increased their physical performance, but also muscle damage (CK and LDH) was not observed.
Pensamiento Geométrico, Teoría de Van Hiele y Tecnologías Computacionales
Authors: Theran Eugenio 
Published: September 2021

Introducción: En este artículo se muestran los resultados de la investigación “Estrategias didácticas para potenciar el pensamiento geométrico aplicando tecnologías computacionales y el modelo de Van Hiele”, que se desarrolló en una Institución Educativa del sector oficial del municipio de Corozal - Sucre, Colombia en el año 2016, fruto del trabajo de grado del autor en el marco de la Maestría en Educación del SUE Caribe, Sede Montería.

Objetivo: Con esta investigación se pretendió determinar la incidencia del empleo de estrategias didácticas en el desarrollo del pensamiento geométrico de los estudiantes, soportadas en Tecnologías Computacionales y el modelo de Van Hiele.

Método: Se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental, con métodos cuantitativos para establecer inferencias sobre el desempeño de los estudiantes al realizar las pruebas pretest y postest de validación de aprendizajes.

Resultados: Se puede señalar una mejora en los niveles de comprensión de la geometría en los estudiantes de grado sexto de una Institución Educativa del sector oficial del municipio de Corozal, Sucre, Colombia a través de la intervención con estrategias didácticas que emplearon Tecnologías Computacionales y el modelo de Van Hiele.

Conclusiones: El uso de la tecnología se convirtió en un elemento de valor relevante, los estudiantes mostraron mayor interés y evidenciaron una participación genuina y compromiso con su aprendizaje. El modelo de Van Hiele se validó como una herramienta para medir el avance que tuvieron los estudiantes en el aprendizaje de los cuadriláteros, transitando desde el nivel de visualización hasta el nivel de deducción informal.
Russian Legal Framework for Digital Financial Assets
Authors: Sannikova Larisa 
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the new Russian law on digital financial assets. The adoption of this law was an important step towards the formation of a legal framework for cryptoassets in Russia. Four types of legal framework models for crypto-assets around the world are identified: adaptation, fragmentary, experimental, and innovative. The Russian model of the legal framework for digital financial assets is close to an innovative model. The article analyses legal definitions of new legal concepts, such as &quot;digital rights&quot;, &quot;digital financial assets&quot; and &quot;digital currency&quot;. They represent different types of cryptoassets and are considered property under Russian civil law. A special legal status has been established forthe exchange operator of digital financial assets and for the operator of the information system in which digital financial assets are issued.The article describes the legal requirements for such participants in the cryptomarket, which are established to protect consumers from fraud and mismanagement. Particular attention is paid to the legal regulation of the issuance and circulation of cryptocurrencies, which the law names as digital currencies. Digital currency is not recognised as a legal means of payment in Russia.It can only be issued and circulated using the Russian information infrastructure.Based on the analysis of the new law, it is concluded that the Russian monetary authorities are not interested in establishing a complete and clear legal framework for participants in the cryptomarket.Their new initiatives aim to tighten regulation of the circulation of digital financial assets, especially digital currency.
Effect of Seed Treatment and Nutrient Schedule on the Productivity of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Yamini V. , Anilkumar A.S. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) is an important short duration crop and is grown throughout the country. Seed treatment can improve seedling establishment and better crop stand; it also improves plants ability to tolerate stress at early growth stages and foliar application has the advantage of quick and efficient utilization of nutrients, elimination of nutrient losses through leaching and fixation in soil and also helps in regulating the uptake of nutrients by plants thus improving productivity. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2018 at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram to assess the effect of different levels of seed treatments and nutrient schedule on the growth and yield of blackgram. The growth attributes, yield attributes and yield viz., number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, length of pod, 100 seed weight, grain yield, haulm yield and harvest index were favorably influenced by the treatments. Result: Seed treatment with borax @ 1 g kg-1 seed and sodium molybdate @ 1 g kg-1 seed were observed superior in increasing plant height (135.84 cm), number of trifoliate leaves per plant (7.61), pods per plant (24.16), length of pod (5.23 cm), 100 seed weight (6.74 g), grain yield (1005 kg ha-1) and harvest index (0.38). Significantly higher nodule number (41.83), effective nodule number (33.83) and weight of nodules (58.83 mg) plant-1 at flowering were documented with sodium molybdate @ 1 g kg-1 seed. In case of seeds per pod significantly higher number of pods per plant (7.33) was observed with borax @ 2 g kg-1 seed and maximum haulm yield (1854 kg ha-1) reported with sodium molybdate @ 1 g kg-1 seed. The basal application of ½ N + full P + ½ K followed by ½ N and ½ K as foliar spray of 13:0:45 at 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAS produced significantly more 100 seed weight (6.52 g), grain yield (872 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1750 kg ha-1). Interaction effect of boron and molybdenum also showed significant influence with respect to yield attributes and yield.