bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of Adhesion Theories in Area of Flexible Bonded Structural Joints in Construction Sector
Authors: Nečasová Barbora 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The issue of bonding has been a part of humanity throughout its history. The greatest development in this area occurred in the second half of the 20th century and the issue of bonding has gained a lot of interest from the scientific community. Over the past 80 years, there has been a significant increase in scientific research and grants aimed at defining adhesion. We now know that examining the adhesion of materials, determining the adhesive properties or simply evaluating the test results and assessing the failure of the test specimens is not possible without understanding the basic principles and theories of bonding, i.e. adhesive joining. The presented paper is focused on the description of fundamental adhesion theories and their usage in the field of structural bonding in construction industry. The importance of understanding to adhesive properties of used products is demonstrated on an example of four different surfaces in combination with representatives of high strength flexible adhesive systems intended for façade applications. Representatives with high surface polarity, medium-high polarity and low polarity were deliberately selected. The one-way ANOVA was performed to analyse the impact of surface adhesive properties on adhesion of bonded joints. It was confirmed that the riskiest is bonding of polymer-based materials. For all selected materials it was concluded that the hypotheses of the adsorption theory, which, to some extent, also includes the assumptions of other adhesive theories, seem to be the most fundamental for the presented researched area.
Looking for the Fusion of Cultural Environment and Modernity in a Cityscape: Western Gate in Jelgava
Authors: Ziemelniece Aija , Īle Una 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The research is based on the examination of the cityscape transformation processes and a search for the fusion of the cultural and historical space and the trends of contemporary modernism in architecture. Over the last three centuries, Jelgava (Mitau), the capital of the former Dutchy of Courland, has changed the height, the density and the structure of its building. The process of transformation was determined by crisis situations in the state, by rapid growth of the trade and domestic economy, as well as by the period of state independence and downfall of the national economy. Splendour and misery of the city has raised and destroyed houses, parks and churches in Jelgava.The historical map of the city originates in the beginning of the 18th century on the left bank of the Lielupe River with a linear building canvas formed by small wooden houses and a net of dirt roads. During the 19th-20th centuries, the city is developing radially around the ancient central built-up area, sketching the structure of the city map based on the network of the trading routes: the Western gate – Dobele, the Northern gate – sea, the Southern gate – Lithuania. The East is a crossing point to reach Jelgava Palace. The direction to Riga led along the river, as the eastern part was a marshland.
Aspects of Reversibility and Energy Efficiency of Prefabricated Straw Structures – Guidelines for Sustainable Design of Architectural Interventions of 21st Century
Authors: Mihmić Amina , Salihbegović Amira 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Architectural space of the 21st century confirms, for the umpteenth time that, architecture is a personified image of society: The products of architectural interventions are the final creations in time and space. The whims of the market, the linear economy model, and users' pluralistic needs generated by cultural preferences mutually develop "white elephants" - inert material, useless and expensive to deconstruct. In response to social, environmental, climate, and economic changes, the construction sector needs to revalue existing construction techniques. The lack of broader application of the circular economy model, the use of inorganic materials and chemical bonds in architectural structures, due to the loss of cultural significance or the appearance of natural disasters, are deprived of their function and produce a large amount of waste. Therefore, the reuse of organic materials derived from renewable energy sources is becoming essential for pushing further the boundaries of reversible design and energy efficiency in architectural interventions. Limits of use of the old – new materials - compressed straw are defined by comparing the results of thermal properties of the building envelope elements - U and R values and levels of reversibility through two opposite approaches to construction, on the example of the conceptual design of a housing unit affected by natural disasters. Analysing the three levels of reversibility that 21st century buildings should possess, given the existing research, the material level limit is shifted in terms of returning to nature with potentially zero environmental waste. Comparing the results of the R values of prefabricated straw structures with the R values of materials predominantly used in architectural interventions raises awareness of the importance and benefits of using compressed straw in architectural envelopes. Existing design parameters of straw structures are optimized by valorising the importance of local climate and materials used. The interaction of native - cellulosic materials breaks down dogmas related to this material and generates the architectural language of reversible and energy-efficient architectural straw products.
Expert insight into the spatial aspects and challenges facing metropolitan regions in Central Europe – Case study Bratislava region
Authors: Ondrejička Vladimír , Ladzianska Zuzana , Finka Maroš , Jamečný Ľubomír , Husár Milan , Pauditšová Eva 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Territorial development of metropolitan regions is broadly problematized in several international documents, strategies and policies. Following from their analysis there is a pending requirement of safeguarding sustainable development as the basis of any urban and metropolitan development concepts. Although there are several concepts addressing particular aspects of sustainable urban development in the world, all of them are basically framed by a square defined by four core concepts. Two of them are more structural, focused on spatial patterns and two processual addressing the life processes of socio-ecosystems of cities. These four concepts - Compact City, Polycentric City, Smart City and Eco/Green City, are mentioned in the New Leipzig Charter – The transformative power of cities for the common good published by the European Commission in 2020. Currently, there is no consensus on defining the criteria for identification of metropolitan regions and their territories that would reflect the diversity and specifics in metropolitan regions across the EU Member States. The OECD favours the definition of a metropolitan region not as an administrative unit but as a nodal territory. In addition, the definition of metropolitan regions clashes with the fuzzy nature of their borders, which change over time and in relation to the aspects of their identification. Paper handles the issue of metropolitan regions in Central Europe with the focus on Bratislava metropolitan region. The paper is based on research project Territorial Prognosis Bratislava 2050 developed by Spectra Centre of Excellence with the aim to identify and describe crucial trends and challenges for the development of the Bratislava region based on global megatrends and local specifics and processes and to identify principles for future sustainable development of the region until 2050. Within the broader relations, it is necessary to take into account the development in the functional urban area of the Bratislava-Vienna agglomeration, the so-called core territory of Central European metropolitan region, which also extends to the neighbouring self-governing regions (Nitra and Trnava), the federal states of Burgendland, Niederoesterreich and Vienna and the county of Gyor-Moson-Sopron in Hungary. The outcome of the case study defines trends and their projection for the future territorial development of the Bratislava region based on thematic analysis of economy, social ecology, socio-cultural and environmental, transport, housing, services, social infrastructure, technical infrastructure and energy.
The Use of Mathematical Modelling Methods in the Creation of Composite Materials Based on Carbon Fibre Materials
Authors: Varentsov Valery , Kuzina Valentina , Koshev Alexander , Varentsova Valentina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The report provides data on the electrochemical modification of carbon-graphite fibers as the basis for the creation of composite materials. The results of studies of the electrodeposition of metals on pre-electrochemically modified carbon fiber materials (CFM) in order to obtain composite materials based on them are presented. The use of CFM for the creation of composite materials is associated with the possibility of deposition of metals, alloys or their compounds on the surface of their constituent fibers. Electrochemical treatment in aqueous solutions of electrolytes is a promising method for modifying the surface properties of carbon materials, including in order to improve their adhesive properties. Preliminary electrochemical modification of carbon fiber materials in indifferent solutions of electrolytes made it possible to obtain composite and nanocomposite materials with good adhesion of the electrodeposited metal to the surface of the fibers of carbon materials.When metals are deposited on carbon fiber materials, it is necessary to solve the problem of applying a uniform metal deposit or with a certain profile in the thickness of the material. In this case, it is effective to use methods of mathematical modeling of metal deposition processes in a flowing three-dimensional electrode. Depending on the selected modes of deposition of metal sediment on the CFM, some electrochemical parameters of the process and system may be dependent on both the time of the process and the thickness coordinate of the electrode. This is especially true for the value of the resistivity of the solid phase of the system, that is, carbon-graphite fibrous material. Other electrochemical parameters, such as the specific electrode surface, the exchange current and the transfer coefficient of the electrochemical reaction, the porosity of the material, etc., can also change during the electrodeposition of the metal on the CFM. It is proposed to take into account the change in the characteristic properties of modified carbon fiber materials in the mathematical modeling of the processes of electrodeposition of metals on carbon fiber materials in order to determine the technological parameters to improve the efficiency of the properties of composite materials. In order to implement mathematical models used in the calculation of electrochemical processes in the volume and on the surface of carbon fiber materials, a set of programs based on modern computational methods and programming languages has been developed.
Construction Technology and Management of Unilateral Support Formwork for 16M-High Concrete Outer Wall of Complex Deep Foundation Pit
Authors: Zhao Yuchao , Cai Jie , Yin Kai , Cheng Hao , Zheng Jinsong , Zhang Qilin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Shanghai Grand Opera House, which is under construction in Shanghai, China, includes two relatively large opera halls, which are named as the large opera hall and the middle opera hall. Below the stages of these two opera halls are two deep stage pits where the mechanical equipment will be arranged after construction, therefore, the structure of these stage pits is designed to be basically hollow with only a small amount of floor slabs on the edges. For the most sections of the stage pits, the depth is 16m, and the arrangement of horizontal supports and lattice columns in the stage pits during the construction period is extremely complicated. To prevent the outer walls of the stage pits from leaking and further guarantee the quality of the structure, the unilateral support formwork, which is composed of multiple steel components as load bearing members, is applied to construct the 16m outer wall of the stage pits. In this paper, first, the specific working principle of the unilateral support formwork and numerical analysis of its construction steps are introduced. Then focus on explaining that through establishing detailed digital 3D models of the complex stage pits during construction period, the practical construction sequence and construction technologies are designed and formulated, meanwhile, the on-site staff can also be guided directly through digital 3D models, which guarantee the visualization of the complex technology and the convenience of on-site construction as well. The construction of the deep stage pits is currently in progress, and part of the outer wall has already been constructed successfully. The cost of the technology is certainly more than common construction methods, but it is still acceptable since most of the formwork members can be recycled and re-use, while the advantages are obvious. Finally, the main characteristics of the construction technology of the unilateral support formwork for 16m-high concrete outer wall is summarized and discussed, which can provide a reference for the construction of similar structures.
Features of the formation of modern Ethno- Architecture of the residential environment of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Kozhobaeva Saltanat 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Period of formation of Residential architecture of Kyrgyzstan has a long history. It was based on the stages of housing development from antique time to present day. According to analysis of literary and scientific sources, Kyrgyz people had not only nomadic lifestyle but also a sedentary lifestyle. So many scientists and researchers studied architecture of past eras based on archeological excavations, which testified civilization and life style of Kyrgyz people. Based on this, we can conclude, that Kyrgyz architecture has a history of sedentary and nomadic type of housing with its national identity and coloring, which today should give impetus to formation and to development of modern ethno-architectural living environment of Kyrgyzstan.
Model Investigations of Scouring at the Hričov Weir Using Short-Range Photogrammetry
Authors: Rumann Ján , Pavúček Martin , Dušička Peter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Stilling basins are commonly used to efficiently dissipate energy of flow at weirs. Different types of stilling basins are used at weirs due to different conditions – hydraulic, operational, constructional. At the Hričov water structure a short stilling basin has been built. Its operation over the years showed that it does not dissipate the energy of the flowing water sufficiently, which causes intense scouring in the riverbed downstream. To partially deal with this problem and to protect the riverbed from scours, a rockfill embankment supported with a steel construction was constructed adjacent to the stilling basin’s toe. Despite this riverbed fortification, scours are being created in the riverbed and even in the fortification itself for different cases of operation conditions of the weir. A hydraulic research on a scaled model of the weir was used to investigate the problem and to propose a permanent solution significantly improving the scouring downstream the weir. The proposed fortification of the riverbed downstream the weir was tested at different operational conditions, which simulated extreme situations at the weir. To assess the effects of the investigated fortification, the simulations were performed for the weir without and with the fortification. After each simulation, the deformations in the riverbed (scours) were measured and evaluated. For measuring the riverbed deformations on the model, the method of short-range photogrammetry was used as a very effective and contactless method. This method allowed to examine the investigated area with a very high accuracy and speed. Digital models of the riverbed deformations created after each simulation on the hydraulic model were used to determine the locations and sizes of the deepest scours. Final assessment of the results showed the improvement in the reduction of scouring by the proposed fortification by almost 50% in the size of the scours. The investigations and the results are described in this paper.
A Bidimensional Model of the Tagliamento River
Authors: Petti Marco , Bosa Silvia , Pascolo Sara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The propagation of a flood wave is a very challenging topic, crucial in managing the flood risk. In the literature, several numerical models have been proposed to deal with this issue; most of them need the roughness coefficients to be assigned by the operator. The bottom roughness calibration of floodplains and channels represents a key point for flood studies, because it can heavily influence the results of any kind of numerical simulation. In this study, a numerical model is applied to the Tagliamento River, in North-East Italy. One of the main characteristics of this river is its natural environment, which changes from a very wide braided channel in the middle course to a narrow meandering river moving towards the sea. This makes the bed roughness extremely variable along the river, with different kind of vegetation, braiding, different grain size, meandering, etc. In this regard, particular care should be devoted to the roughness coefficient attribution and calibration. In the present paper, we present the detailed step of calibration and validation of a bidimensional numerical model on the Tagliamento River. A novel method to assign and calibrate roughness coefficient is introduced. Finally, the model is validated against two main flood events occurred in 1966 and 1996.
Transportation Network Spatial Analysis to Measure Pedestrian Suitability. The Case of Hilly Cities
Authors: Nogueira André , Santos Bertha , Gonçalves Jorge , Kempa Jan , Chmielewski Jacek 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The current climate and environmental emergency, together with the growing traffic congestion and pollution in urban areas, make mobility and its sustainability a priority in current transport policies. It is essential to change citizen’s behaviour in order to increase the use of less pollutant, economic and egalitarian transport modes, such as walking, combining it with other public transport modes. For this change to happen, it is necessary to provide feasible alternatives to private cars, namely through the offer of high-quality pedestrian infrastructures, adapted to the cities’ specific characteristics and their citizen’s needs. These aspects are particularly important in hilly cities, where traveling by foot requires an additional effort. The present study aims to contribute to the promotion of soft mobility in hilly cities by creating a support instrument to assess the potential of existing pedestrian infrastructures. Three variables are considered in the analysis: trip generation poles, population density and pedestrian network characteristics, with especial consideration of slopes. These variables were processed with spatial and network analysis tools available in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and combined using a multi-criteria decision analysis to obtain a measure of the pedestrian infrastructure potential. The identification of areas with high pedestrian potential supports the definition of priority intervention programs on the public space and a better allocation of human and financial resources. The proposed instrument was validated through its application to a case study, the hilly city of Covilhã (Portugal). From the results obtained it is possible to conclude that the variable with more impact on the pedestrian infrastructure suitability value is the location of the trip generation poles, influenced by the footpaths’ longitudinal slopes. The instrument also allowed to identify the city’s main expansion areas, corresponding to places presenting a good pedestrian potential and relatively low values of population density.
Performance Prediction of Fine-Grained Asphalt Concretes with Different Quarry Fillers by Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Baldo Nicola , Miani Matteo , Rondinella Fabio , Vacková Pavla , Valentin Jan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In general terms, an artificial neural network is a distributed processor that consists of elementary computational units interconnected. Such structure is inspired by the functioning principles of the biological nervous system and has proven to be effective in identifying complex relationships between an assigned input features vector and an experimental- investigated target vector for any scientific problem. The current paper represents a forward feasibility study on predicting the mechanical response of asphalt concretes prepared with different quarry fillers used as alternatives for traditional limestone filler or portland cement by Machine Learning approaches which consider the chemical properties of the selected fillers and the quarry aggregate types as input variables. In fact, the case study involved several fillers and stone aggregates that were used to produce Marshall specimens of a specific fine-grained asphalt concretes designed originally for the assessment of filler suitability in terms of adhesion phenomenon. The asphalt concrete variants had the same material composition and mix design: all specimens were compacted by 2x50 blows using impact compactor, filler content was fixed at 10% by mass of the mix, the grading curve is roughly the same, the employed bitumen has a 160/220 penetration grade and is about 6% by mass of the mix. The mineralogical composition was investigated by X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry tests. It represents a non-destructive laboratory analysis that allowed to specify and compare the main oxides composition associated with the employed natural fillers to be identified. Based on the results thus obtained and applying a categorical variable that distinguishes the stone aggregate type, a neural model has been developed that can predict the stiffness modulus of asphalt mixtures: therefore, this study presents a possible procedure for the development of predictive models that can help or improve the mix design process, when different fillers and stone aggregates are available.