bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Matter of Transition: Authenticity Judgments and Attracting Employees to Hybridized Organizations
Authors: Radoynovska Nevena , Ruttan Rachel 
Published: November 2021

Category-spanning organizations have been shown to face a number of penalties compared with organizations occupying a single category. The assumption seems to be, however, that organizations spanning the same categories will be evaluated similarly. Yet, this is not always the case. We know far less about why evaluations may differ within category-spanners, largely due to existing studies’ focus on comparing single-category to category-spanning organizations in equilibrium states at a fixed point in time. Instead, this paper investigates audience judgments of organizations as they transition from single to multiple categories. We rely on the empirical setting of social-commercial hybrids—an intriguing context in which to explore category-spanning across market and nonmarket domains associated with distinct values, norms, and expectations. In a series of two experimental studies, we investigate how hybridization affects audience judgments of organizational authenticity and the ability to attract potential employees. We find that across organizational fields associated with nonprofit (communal) and for-profit (market exchange) norms, hybridization—more than hybridity itself—triggers audience cynicism and leads to decreased judgments of authenticity. However, the penalties for hybridizing are only observed when organizations also move away from field-level profit-status norms. The findings contribute to the category-spanning and authenticity literatures by integrating social psychological and organizational theory perspectives to offer a dynamic view of spanning beyond for-profit, market contexts. They also offer empirical support for the theorized multidirectionality of mission drift in hybrid organizations, while suggesting that drifting need not always be detrimental. History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory. Supplemental Material: Supplemental online materials are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1495 .
Electromagnetic wave beam manipulator based on an all-dielectric THz coding metasurface
Authors: Liu Jinrong , Xiao Lihua , Li Xia , Xiao Binggang 
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we proposed an all-dielectric THz coding metasurface that can effectively manipulate electromagnetic waves. This structure was composed of sub-wavelength coding units with different reflection phases. The encoding unit is composed of a rectangular base with a cross dielectric column. Different encodings were designed by changing the thickness of the X arm of the dielectric column. We designed a variety of coding modes and implemented the modulation of the number of far-field reflection beams and the angle of reflection direction at 0.85 THz by 1- and 2-bit coding. Our theoretical calculations and numerical simulations of the structure suggested that the far-field scattering obtained by full-wave simulation matched the theoretical calculation when the incident direction of electromagnetic wave was perpendicular to the metasurface. We chose all-dielectric materials to design the coding unit due to the low cost, strong corrosion resistance, and low internal electromagnetic loss. As a result, the all-dielectric materials avoided the serious internal loss of metal materials and demonstrated the flexibility to regulate the reflected beam in the THz band to realize abnormal refraction and beam splitting.
Design of a broadband infrared absorber based on multiple layers of black phosphorus nanoribbons
Authors: Khalilzadeh Hamed , Habibzadeh-Sharif Amir , Anvarhaghighi Niloufar 
Published: November 2021

A polarization-sensitive broadband plasmonic absorber consists of multiple black phosphorus (BP)/dielectric layers stacking on an Ag reflector has been proposed theoretically and demonstrated numerically for infrared (IR) regime. The optimum geometrical parameters have been achieved by parametric sweep analyses with regard to the fabrication considerations and miniaturization of the absorber structure. So a high absorption (above 85%) with relatively broad bandwidth of 5.24 µm corresponding to the relative bandwidth of 42.12% has been achieved for the designed periodic structure with optimum unit cell dimensions of

0.5

µ

m

×

1.755

µ

m

. The electromagnetic loss in the BP material is the foundation of absorption performance in the designed absorber. The proposed anisotropic broadband IR absorber may have great potential in many areas of photonics.
Assess the feasibility of flipped classroom pedagogy in undergraduate nursing education in Sri Lanka: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Youhasan Punithalingam , Chen Yan , Lyndon Mataroria , Henning Marcus A. 
Published: November 2021

Background
The nursing education system has evolved with an increased emphasis on student-centred education, such as implementing flipped classroom pedagogy. Given the promising positive educational outcomes, the trend of using flipped classroom pedagogy has become increasingly popular in undergraduate nursing education. However, little is known about how these flipped classroom methods impact on nursing educational practices in limited-resource settings situated in South Asia.

Objective
To assess the feasibility of implementing flipped classroom pedagogy in undergraduate nursing education from the nursing students’ perspective.

Methods
This mixed-methods study employed a quantitative survey and six focus group discussions conducted in three state universities in Sri Lanka. The Nursing Students’ Readiness for Flipped Classroom (NSR-FC) questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. The semi-structured focus group discussions were conducted by using 18 reflective and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance methods were employed when analysing quantitative data. An inductive thematic analysis approach was used to summarize the focus group discussions.

Results
The questionnaire survey revealed that nursing students reported high levels of personal, technical, and pedagogical readiness across all three universities, while environmental readiness was perceived as low. The inductive thematic analysis identified three themes, namely: enablers, challenges, and benefits. Specifically, nursing students valued the student-centred approach. They were ready to utilize their own devices to overcome limited technological provision; however, a short training session about how to engage in the flipped classroom was desirable. Also, their exposure to basic educational technology was perceived as adequate and they were aware of the positive outcomes of flipped classroom pedagogy.

Conclusion
Nursing students were ready to enrol in a flipped classroom programme. The provision of technological resources in the education environment was identified as a great challenge for flipped classroom implementation. Overall, the findings indicate there are promising feasibilities for the flipped classroom implementation.
What is the effect of preterm birth on permanent tooth crown dimensions? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Buhamer Shaima Nasser , Kaklamanos Eleftherios , Kowash Mawlood , Hussein Iyad , Salami Anas , Al-Halabi Manal 
Published: November 2021

Background
The permanent tooth formation process may be disrupted in preterm infants with potential discrepancies in size and subsequent occlusal disturbances.

Objective
To systematically analyse and quantitively synthesize the available evidence regarding the impact of preterm birth on permanent tooth crown dimensions.

Search methods
Unrestricted searches in 6 databases and manual searching of the reference lists in relevant studies were performed up to March 2021 (Medline via PubMed, CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global).

Selection criteria
Observational studies investigating permanent tooth crown dimensions in preterm and control full-term born individuals.

Data collection and analysis
Following study retrieval and selection, relevant data were extracted, and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the selection, comparability, and outcome domains. Exploratory synthesis and meta-regression were carried out using the random effects model.

Results
Three studies were located from the initially retrieved records and the assessments with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale identified issues regarding the selection and comparability domains. Overall, the mesiodistal and the buccolingual dimensions of the permanent teeth in both dental arches tended to be smaller in children born prematurely than full term children. Subgroup analyses showed statistically significant differences for the extremely preterm to control group comparisons for the incisors and the first molars. Meta-regression showed a modificatory effect of gestational age and racial background but not of birth weight and gender on tooth size. The quality of available evidence was rated at best as moderate.

Conclusions
Premature birth could potentially be associated with reduced tooth-crown dimensions in some permanent teeth especially in children born extremely preterm. Although the results from these observational studies should be approached with caution until more information becomes available, the possible clinical implications in terms of diagnosis and treatment planning should be considered.

Registration
PROSPERO (CRD42020182243).
Is the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine effective in elderly populations? Results from population data from Bavaria, Germany
Authors: Gomes Delphina , Beyerlein Andreas , Katz Katharina , Hoelscher Gabriele , Nennstiel Uta , Liebl Bernhard , Überla Klaus , von Kries Rüdiger 
Published: November 2021

Background
The efficacy of the BioNTech-Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccination in the elderly (≥80 years) could not be fully assessed in the BioNTech-Pfizer trial due to low numbers in this age group. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the BioNTech-Pfizer (BNT162b2) vaccine to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes in octo- and novo-generians in a German state setting.

Methods and findings
A prospective observational study of 708,187 persons aged ≥80 years living in Bavaria, Germany, was conducted between Jan 9 to Apr 11, 2021. We assessed the vaccine effectiveness (VE) for two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine with respect to SARS-CoV-2 infection and related hospitalisations and mortality. Additionally, differences in VE by age groups ≥80 to ≤89 years and ≥90 years were studied. Analyses were adjusted by sex. By the end of follow-up, 63.8% of the Bavarian population ≥80 years had received one dose, and 52.7% two doses, of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine lowered the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections and related outcomes, resulting in VE estimates of 68.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 65.5%, 70.9%) for infection, 73.2% (95% CI 65.3%, 79.3%) for hospitalisation, and 85.1% (95% CI 80.0%, 89.0%) for mortality. Sex differences in the risk of COVID-19 outcomes observed among unvaccinated persons disappeared after two BNT162b2 vaccine doses. Overall, the BNT162b2 vaccine was equally effective in octo- and novo-genarians.

Conclusions
Two doses of BioNTech-Pfizer’s BNT162b2 vaccine is highly effective against COVID-19 outcomes in elderly persons.
Attitudes towards the economic costs associated with measures against the spread of COVID-19: Population perceptions from repeated cross-sectional data of the nationally representative COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring in Germany (COSMO)
Authors: Hajek André , De Bock Freia , Sprengholz Philipp , Kretzler Benedikt , König Hans-Helmut 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
Our aim was to examine attitudes of the general population towards reasonableness of these costs, as well as the degree to which these costs are shared across society (solidarity financing) and to determine the factors associated with them.

Method
Repeated cross-sectional data from a nationally representative online-survey. More precisely, data from wave 8 (21–22 April 2020) and wave 16 (7–8 July 2020) were used (in wave 8: analytical sample with n = 976, average age was 47.0 years (SD: 15.3 years), ranging from 18 to 74 years, 51.8% female; in wave 16: analytical sample with n = 978, average age was 46.1 years (SD: 15.9 years), ranging from 18 to 74 years, 50.9% female). After a short introduction emphasizing considerable economic costs associated with the measures against the spread of the coronavirus, individuals were asked to rate the following statements (outcome measures), in each case from 1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree: “These economic costs are currently reasonable in relation to the objective pursued” (reasonableness of costs), “These economic costs should be borne jointly by all citizens and depending on income” (solidarity financing).

Results
In wave 8 (wave 16 in parentheses), the average rating for the attitude towards reasonableness of costs was 4.3, SD: 1.8 (wave 16, average: 4.2, SD: 1.8) and the average rating for the attitude towards solidarity financing was 3.7, SD: 1.9 (wave 16, average: 3.3, SD: 2.0). In wave 8, more positive attitudes towards the reasonableness of costs and solidarity financing were associated with being male, higher education, not being in a partnership/being unmarried, higher affect regarding COVID-19 and higher presumed severity with respect to COVID-19. Furthermore, more positive attitudes towards the reasonableness of costs were associated with having a migration background. More positive attitudes towards solidarity financing was associated with higher age groups. Mainly similar findings were observed in wave 16.

Discussion
Agreement with reasonableness of costs of preventative measures as well as solidarity financing was moderately high. Knowledge of these attitudes is important to ensure social cohesion during the fight against COVID-19.
Serum indoxyl sulphate and its relation to albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein as a potential biomarkers of maternal intestinal metabolism during pregnancy and postpartum
Authors: Lisowska-Myjak Barbara , Zborowska Hanna , Jaźwiec Radosław , Karlińska Maria , Skarżyńska Ewa 
Published: November 2021

Background
Serum indoxyl sulfate (IS) levels depend on the production of indole in the gut. The biological effects of IS in the vascular bed could be confirmed by changes in the levels of individual serum proteins during normal pregnancy and in the postpartum period as compared with non-pregnant controls. Albumin (Alb) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP, orosomucoid) are the most abundant serum carrier proteins with potential interrelationships with serum levels of IS.

Methods
Serum levels of IS, Alb and AGP were measured in 84 pregnant women in the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy and in the postpartum period, as well as in non-pregnant controls (n = 20), using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (IS), colorimetric assay (Alb) and immunoturbidimetric assay (AGP).

Results
The postpartum serum levels [mg/L] of IS were lower (p = 0.027) than in the second trimester (mean±SD: 0.85±0.39 vs 0.58±0.32). There were no differences in the IS to ALB ratio calculated in the three trimesters of pregnancy, the postpartum period, and in the non-pregnant controls. The IS/AGP ratio increased from the first to the second trimester (p = 0.039), and decreased in the postpartum period (p<0.05), when it was lower than in the second and third trimester.

Conclusions
The variability of the serum IS/AGP ratio during pregnancy and in the postpartum period may reflect shared involvement in the regulation of their intravascular relationships. The link between serum levels of IS derived from the gut and AGP could serve a potential biomarkers of maternal intestinal metabolism during pregnancy and postpartum.
Factors influencing nurses’ behavioral intention toward caring for COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Cheng Jingxia , Cui Jinbo , Yu Wenwen , Kang Hua , Tian Yongming , Jiang Xiaolian 
Published: November 2021

Objectives
To investigate nurses’ behavioral intention toward caring for COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation, as well as the factors affecting their intention.

Background
COVID-19 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation have many care needs and pose more challenges for nurses, which might adversely affect nurses’ intention toward caring behavior.

Methods
A cross‐sectional study was conducted by using simple random sampling to recruit 598 nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province, China. The participants responded to an online questionnaire that included questions on demographic characteristics; the Attitude, Subjective Norms, and Behavioral Intention of Nurses toward Mechanically Ventilated Patients (ASIMP) questionnaire; the Nursing Professional Identity Scale (NPIS); and the Compassion Fatigue-Short Scale (CF-Short Scale). ANOVA, Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were performed to analyze the data.

Results
The mean total behavioral intention score was 179.46 (± 14.83) out of a total score of 189.00, which represented a high level of intention toward caring for patients on mechanical ventilation. Multiple linear regression revealed that subjective norms (β = 0.390, P<0.001), perceived behavioral control (β = 0.149, P<0.001), professional identity (β = 0.101, P = 0.009), and compassion fatigue (β = 0.088 P = 0.024) were significant predictors of nurses’ behavioral intention.

Conclusions
Most nurses have a positive behavioral intention to care for COVID-19 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. The findings in this study provide some insight for developing effective and tailored strategies to promote nurses’ behavioral intention toward caring for ventilated patients under the pandemic situation.
Referrals for physical therapy for osteoarthritis during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Kaur Manmeet , Black Daniel , Fine Jeffrey , Wise Barton L. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of musculoskeletal pain and disability among Americans. Physical therapy (PT) is recommended per the 2019 ACR /Arthritis Foundation Guideline for Treatment of OA of the Hand, Hip, and Knee. During COVID-19, access to healthcare has been altered in a variety of clinical settings, with the pandemic creating delays in healthcare, with an unknown impact on access to PT care for OA.ObjectivesWe sought to determine whether referrals to PT for OA were reduced in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to 2019.MethodsA retrospective analysis was done of 3586 PT referrals placed by the University of California, Davis for 206 OA ICD-10 codes from January to November 2019 and from January to November 2020. The numbers of PT referrals per month of each year were compared using both descriptive statistics and Poisson Regression analysis.ResultsA total of 1972 PT referrals for OA were placed from January to November 2019. Only 1614 referrals for OA were placed from January to November 2020, representing a significant decrease (p= 0.001). Month-by-month analysis of 2020 compared to 2019 revealed statistically significant drops in PT referrals for OA in April (p= 0.001), May (p= 0.001), and August (p= 0.001).ConclusionsThese findings reveal a significant reduction in the number of referrals for PT for OA placed in 2020 during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. These reductions were particularly evident in the months following state-mandated actions and closures. Factors associated with this outcome may include decreased access to primary care providers, perceptions of PT availability by health care providers, decreased mobility limiting access to both clinic and PT appointments, and/or willingness to engage in PT by patients during the pandemic.
Early administration of Vitamin C in patients with sepsis or septic shock in emergency departments: A multicenter, double blinded, randomized controlled trial: The C-EASIE trial protocol
Authors: Vandervelden Stefanie , Wauters Lina , Breuls Jan , Fieuws Steffen , Vanhove Philippe , Hubloue Ives , Bartiaux Magali , Creteur Jacques , Stifkens François , Monsieurs Koen , Desruelles Didier 
Published: November 2021

Background
Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by a deregulated body’s response to infection causing injury to its own tissues and organs. Sepsis is the primary cause of death from infection. If not recognized and treated timely, it can evolve within minutes/hours to septic shock. Sepsis is associated with an acute deficiency of Vitamin C. Despite the proof-of-concept of the benefit of administering Vitamin C in patients with sepsis or septic shock, Vitamin C administration is not yet current practice.

Objective
To investigate the potential benefit of early administration of high doses of Vitamin C in addition to standard of care in patients with sepsis or septic shock.

Methods
This phase 3b multi-center trial is conducted in 8 hospitals throughout Belgium. In total 300 patients will be randomly assigned to one of two groups in a 1:1 allocation ratio. The intervention group will receive 1.5 g Vitamin C 4 times a day during 4 days, started within 6 hours after admission. The primary outcome is the average post-baseline patient SOFA score.

Conclusion
This trial will determine whether the early administration of Vitamin C in patients with sepsis or septic shock can lead to a more rapid solution of shock and less deterioration from sepsis to septic shock, hereby reducing morbidity and mortality as well as the length of hospital stay in this patient population.

Trial registration
The C-EASIE trial has been registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov website on 10 February 2021 with registration number NCT04747795.

Trial Sponsor
UZ Leuven (sponsor’s reference S63213)
Exploring the distribution of grey and white matter brain volumes in extremely preterm children, using magnetic resonance imaging at term age and at 10 years of age
Authors: Kvanta Hedvig , Bolk Jenny , Strindberg Marika , Jiménez-Espinoza Carmen , Broström Lina , Padilla Nelly , Ådén Ulrika 
Published: November 2021

Objectives
To investigate differences in brain volumes between children born extremely preterm and term born controls at term age and at 10 years of age.

Study design
Children born extremely preterm (EPT), up to 26 weeks and 6 days gestational age, in Stockholm between January 1 2004 to March 31 2007 were included in this population-based cohort study. A total of 45 EPT infants were included at term age and 51 EPT children were included at 10 years of age. There were 27 EPT children included at both time points. Two different control groups were recruited; 15 control infants were included at term age and 38 control children at 10 years of age. The primary outcomes were the grey and white matter volumes. Linear regression, adjusted for intracranial volume and sex, was used.

Results
At term age, the extremely preterm infants had significantly smaller grey matter volume compared to the control infants with an adjusted mean difference of 5.0 cm3 and a 95% confidence interval of −8.4 to −1.5 (p = 0.004). At 10 years of age the extremely preterm children had significantly smaller white matter volume compared to the control children with an adjusted mean difference of 6.0 cm3 and a 95% confidence interval of −10.9 to −1.0 (p = 0.010).

Conclusion
Extremely preterm birth was associated with reduced grey matter volume at term age and reduced white matter volume at 10 years of age compared to term born controls.