bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Outcomes of Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenoma Resection in Elderly Versus Younger Patients
Authors: Alexander Tyler D. , Chitguppi Chandala , Collopy Sarah , Murphy Kira , Lavergne Pascal , Patel Prachi , Khoury Tawfiq , Rabinowitz Mindy , Nyquist Gurston G. , Rosen Marc R. , Farrell Christopher J. , Karsy Michael , Evans James J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are one of the most common types of intracranial neoplasm with increased incidence in elderly patients. The outcomes of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) specifically on elderly patients remain unclear.
Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study to compare elderly patients (age ≥65 years) with nonelderly patients (age <65 years) who underwent ETS for PA from January 2005 to December 2020. Surgical outcomes, including extent of resection, complication profile, length of stay, and endocrinopathy rates, were compared between elderly and nonelderly patients.
Results A total of 690 patients were included, with 197 (29%) being elderly patients. Elderly patients showed higher rates of hypertension (p < 0.05), myocardial infarction (p < 0.01), and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.01) but not other comorbidities. Elderly patients also had more frequent optic nerve involvement (72 vs. 61% of cases, p = 0.01). Tumor characteristics and other patient variables were otherwise similar between younger and elderly patients. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks (2 vs. 2%, p = 0.8), 30-day readmission, reoperation, postoperative complications, and postoperative endocrinopathies were similar between younger and older patients. Subdividing patients into age <65, 65 to 79, and >80 years also did not demonstrate a worsening of surgical outcomes with age.
Conclusion For well-selected elderly patients in experienced endoscopic skull base centers, good surgical outcomes similarly to younger patients may be achieved.
MRI Evaluation of Various Elbow, Forearm, and Wrist Neuropathies: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Husain Rola , Reddy Arthi , Dayan Etan , Huang Mingqian , Corcuera-Solano Idoia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUpper extremity entrapment neuropathies are common and can cause pain, sensory loss, and muscle weakness leading to functional disability. We conducted a retrospective review from January 2007 until March 2020 of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of intrinsic and extrinsic causes of wrist, forearm, and elbow neuropathies of 637 patients who received a diagnosis of neuropathy by means of clinical and electrodiagnostic testing. We discuss cases with varying intrinsic and extrinsic nerve pathologies, including postoperative examples, affecting the median, radial, and ulnar nerve.Our collection of cases demonstrates a diversity of intrinsic and extrinsic causative factors. Intrinsic pathologies include neuritis as well as tumors arising from the nerve. Extrinsic causes resulting in nerve entrapment include masses, acute and chronic posttraumatic cases, anatomical variants, inflammatory and crystal deposition, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, and dialysis-related amyloidosis. Finally, we review postsurgical cases, such as carpal tunnel release and ulnar nerve transposition.Although upper extremity neuropathies tend to have a typical clinical presentation, imaging, particularly MRI, plays a vital role in evaluating the etiology and severity of each neuropathy and ultimately helps guide clinical management.
HIF-1–regulated expression of calreticulin promotes breast tumorigenesis and progression through Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation
Authors: Liu Xiaoxu , Xie Peiling , Hao Na , Zhang Miao , Liu Yang , Liu Peijun , Semenza Gregg L. , He Jianjun , Zhang Huimin 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) have the property of infinite self-renewal. When these cells divide, they give rise to one BCSC and one transient amplifying cell that can rapidly proliferate but only for a limited number of cell divisions. Only BCSCs can give rise to secondary (recurrent and/or metastatic) tumors. It is believed that breast cancer recurrence is due to the survival of a small number of BCSCs. Because the BCSCs represent a very small minority of cells within the primary tumor, their unique characteristics may not be detected by bulk tumor analyses. BCSCs are often located within regions of intratumoral hypoxia, and hypoxia-inducible factors activate the transcription of genes that promote BCSC specification and/or maintenance.
Innovating postverbal negation in North Africa
Authors: Lafkioui Mena B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present study investigates the grammatical origin of the postverbal negatorḇuin Rif Berber (Afroasiatic, Berber; North, Northeast, and Northwest Morocco) and in Moroccan Arabic of Oujda (Afroasiatic, Semitic; Northeast Morocco), the only languages in which it is commonly attested up till now. Based on new data obtained from recent fieldwork in Morocco, the study will demonstrate that this negator is most probably of Berber origin and has been construed out of an existential by system-internal grammaticalization. The study will also provide evidence for quadruple negation marking in Rif Berber, relating to a reduplication of theḇu-negator. Moreover, it will show how Berber constantly innovates its cyclical negation system, in which, in this case, different Jespersen Cycles and a Negative Existential Cycle are interlaced. Accordingly, the study will prove thatḇuin Moroccan Arabic is an innovation phenomenon induced by contact with Rif Berber and instantiated through the processes of pattern replication and matter borrowing.
Near-zero phase-lag hyperscanning in a novel wireless EEG system
Authors: Chuang Chun-Hsiang , Lu Shao-Wei , Chao Yi-Ping , Peng Po-Hsun , Hsu Hao-Che , Hung Cheng-Chieh , Chang Che-Lun , Jung Tzyy-Ping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective. Hyperscanning is an emerging technology that concurrently scans the neural dynamics of multiple individuals to study interpersonal interactions. In particular, hyperscanning with electroencephalography (EEG) is increasingly popular owing to its mobility and its ability to allow studying social interactions in naturalistic settings at the millisecond scale. Approach. To align multiple EEG time series with sophisticated event markers in a single time domain, a precise and unified timestamp is required for stream synchronization. This study proposes a clock-synchronized method that uses a custom-made RJ45 cable to coordinate the sampling between wireless EEG amplifiers to prevent incorrect estimation of interbrain connectivity due to asynchronous sampling. In this method, analog-to-digital converters are driven by the same sampling clock. Additionally, two clock-synchronized amplifiers leverage additional radio frequency channels to keep the counter of their receiving dongles updated, which guarantees that binding event markers received by the dongle with the EEG time series have the correct timestamp. Main results. The results of two simulation experiments and one video gaming experiment reveal that the proposed method ensures synchronous sampling in a system with multiple EEG devices, achieving near-zero phase lag and negligible amplitude difference between the signals. Significance. According to all of the signal-similarity metrics, the suggested method is a promising option for wireless EEG hyperscanning and can be utilized to precisely assess the interbrain couplings underlying social-interaction behaviors.
Predicting speech intelligibility from EEG in a non-linear classification paradigm
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Authors: Accou Bernd , Jalilpour Monesi Mohammad , Van hamme Hugo , Francart Tom 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective. Currently, only behavioral speech understanding tests are available, which require active participation of the person being tested. As this is infeasible for certain populations, an objective measure of speech intelligibility is required. Recently, brain imaging data has been used to establish a relationship between stimulus and brain response. Linear models have been successfully linked to speech intelligibility but require per-subject training. We present a deep-learning-based model incorporating dilated convolutions that operates in a match/mismatch paradigm. The accuracy of the model’s match/mismatch predictions can be used as a proxy for speech intelligibility without subject-specific (re)training. Approach. We evaluated the performance of the model as a function of input segment length, electroencephalography (EEG) frequency band and receptive field size while comparing it to multiple baseline models. Next, we evaluated performance on held-out data and finetuning. Finally, we established a link between the accuracy of our model and the state-of-the-art behavioral MATRIX test. Main results. The dilated convolutional model significantly outperformed the baseline models for every input segment length, for all EEG frequency bands except the delta and theta band, and receptive field sizes between 250 and 500 ms. Additionally, finetuning significantly increased the accuracy on a held-out dataset. Finally, a significant correlation (r = 0.59, p = 0.0154) was found between the speech reception threshold (SRT) estimated using the behavioral MATRIX test and our objective method. Significance. Our method is the first to predict the SRT from EEG for unseen subjects, contributing to objective measures of speech intelligibility.
Testing the effects of body depth on fish maneuverability via robophysical models
Authors: Howe Stephen , Bryant Kelly , Duff Andrew , Astley Henry 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fish show a wide diversity of body shapes which affect many aspects of their biology, including swimming and feeding performance, and defense from predators. Deep laterally compressed bodies are particularly common, and have evolved multiple times in different families. Functional hypotheses that explain these trends include predator defense and increased maneuverability. While there is strong evidence that increasing body depth helps fish avoid gape-limited predators, the evidence that body shape increases a fish’s maneuverability is ambiguous. We used a two-pronged approach to explore the effects of body shape on the control of maneuvers using both live fish and a robotic model that allowed us to independently vary body shape. We captured ventral video of two tetra species (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi and Aphyocharax anisitsi) performing a wide range of maneuvers to confirm that both species of live fish utilize fundamentally similar body deformations to execute a turn, despite their different body depths. Both species use a propagating ‘pulse’ of midline curvature that is qualitatively similar to prior studies and displayed similar trends in the relationships between body kinematics and performance. We then tested the robotic model’s maneuverability, defined as the total heading change and maximum centripetal acceleration generated during a single pulse, at a range of different input kinematics across three body shapes. We found that deepening bodies increase the robot’s ability to change direction and centripetal acceleration, though centripetal acceleration exhibits diminishing returns beyond a certain body depth. By using a robotic model, we were able to isolate the effects of body shape on maneuverability and clarify this confounded relationship. Studying the functional morphology of complex traits such as body shape and their interaction with complex behavior like maneuverability benefits from both the broad view provided by comprehensive comparative studies, and the control of variables enabled by robophysical experiments.
Spatial difference of climate change effects on wheat protein concentration in China
Authors: Zhou Weimo , Liu Yujie , Ata-Ul-Karim Syed Tahir , Ge Quansheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Climate change effects on global food security are not only limited to its effects on the yield of cereals but also their nutritional quality. However, climate change effects on crop nutritional quality, particularly grain protein concentration (PC) on a large geographical scale have not yet been quantified in China. For this purpose, we assessed the effects of three key climatic factors (temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation) on wheat PC in ten wheat-growing areas of China using a series of statistical models on a county-level PC dataset. The results demonstrated that the average PC in China from 2006 to 2018 ranged from 12.01% to 14.50% across the ten areas, with an obvious spatial difference pattern showing an increase in PC from south to north and from west to east. The sensitivity analysis indicated that PC showed a positive response to variation in the increasing temperature, and the PC of wheat grown in the Huanghuai area was less affected than the PC of wheat grown in other areas. Conversely, solar radiation posed negative effects on the PC in the southwestern area, whereas precipitation had intricate effects on the PC in all areas. Besides, the highest explanation of climate variability during five growth periods contributed 26.0%–47.6% of the PC variability in the northeastern area, whereas the lowest explanation of climate variability during five growth periods only accounted for 2.5%–3.7% of PC variability in the Yangtze River area. Our study further demonstrated that the effects of climate change on wheat grain PC in China were spatially heterogeneous with higher effects on PC in spring wheat-growing areas as compared to winter wheat-growing areas. We suggested that the northern and the northeastern area in China could be developed as alternative areas to produce wheat with high grain PC in the face of climate warming.
Evidence of overpressure at the base of huge landslide
Authors: Luo Hui , Hu Wei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Overpressuring from generation of CO2 gas caused by thermal decomposition of basal carbonates can raise pore-fluid pressure and reduce friction during landsliding. We used thermogravimetry and dilatometry to determine the evidence of raised pore-fluid pressure from carbonate thermal decomposition at the base of the 2009 Jiweishan landslide. Results from thermal expansion experiments showed that the rock undergoes expansion and thermal fracture. At a heating rate of 20°C/min, the coefficient of linear thermal expansion increased sharply at 807.3 °C and reached a maximum of 36.6×10−6 °C −1 at 827.3 °C. DTG data show that the temperature of the maximum thermal decomposition rate of calcite is 852.5°C. The evidence showed that CO2 gas can produce great pressure during the rapid sliding process of Jiweishan landslide, and it is conducive to reduce the effective normal load. In addition, thermal fracture may be a explanation for the ultra-low friction during the rapid sliding by reducing the strength of the rock at the sliding surface and making it more easily entrained.
Analysis of Fe-doped ZnO thin films for degradation of rhodamine b, methylene blue, and Escherichia coli under visible light
Authors: Sutanto Heri , Alkian Ilham , Mukholit Mukholit , Nugraha Arsyadio Aditya , Hidayanto Eko , Marhaendrajaya Indras , Priyono Priyono 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
ZnO is a popular photocatalyst that is often used for the degradation of dyes and bacteria. However, the catalytic performance of ZnO is only optimal under UV light exposure. This study aims to determine the degradation performance of rhodamine b, methylene blue, and Escherichia coli using 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% Fe-doped ZnO (ZnO:Fe). Deposition of thin film was carried out using the sol-gel method with a spray-coating technique, while the degradation was carried out under halogen light exposure for 3 h. The optical characterization results show that 20% Fe-doped ZnO has the highest transmittance and the lowest energy band gap of 3.21 eV based on Tauc’s plot method. All thin films are hydrophilic with the largest contact angle of 68.54° by 20% Fe-doped ZnO and the lowest contact angle of 52.96° by 5% Fe-doped ZnO. The surface morphology of the thin film resembles a creeping root that is cracked and agglomerated. XRD test results show that the thin film is dominated by ZnO peaks with a wurtzite structure with a hexagonal plane phase and a crystal size of 115.5 A°. The 20% Fe-doped ZnO thin film had the most efficient degradation performance of 70.79% for rhodamine b, 65.31% for blue, and 67% for E. coli bacteria. Therefore, Fe-doped ZnO is a brilliant photocatalyst material that can degrade various pollutants even under visible light.
Effects of climate migration on town-to-city transitions in the United States: proactive investments in civil infrastructure for resilience and sustainability
Authors: Maxim Alexandra , Grubert Emily 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Climate change is a hazard risk amplifier and contributes to changing precipitation and temperature patterns that alter an area’s risk profile. Existing infrastructure is often ill-equipped to absorb shocks associated with increased hazard frequency and severity, but active measures to implement holistic resilience plans are rare and often limited in scope. As climate change progresses, climate change-induced migration is becoming more frequent and likely, with probable changes to regionally specific needs for resilient infrastructure. People relocating to areas with actual or perceived lower risk is expected to add demand for built infrastructure and change governance needs as receiving communities grow. Anticipating demand growth can enable proactive rather than reactive investment. Here we analyze the impact of anticipated climate migration patterns on community growth in the United States (US), leveraging the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Integrated Climate and Land-Use Scenarios dataset to illustratively evaluate how domestic migration might alter regional patterns for a particularly salient target of infrastructure planning: ‘tipping points’ where towns become cities and experience qualitative changes in infrastructural and governance complexity. Projected 2010–2100 town-to-city rapid urbanization patterns are different from historical (1950–2010) patterns in the US, notably shifting from the Southwest (including California) to the Southern Plains (including Texas). Climate change is expected to shift this pattern north and east, contributing to land use change and new demand for civil infrastructure in places where past development strategies might not be regionally appropriate. Urban futures are not predetermined: this illustrative analysis highlights that despite deep uncertainty, sufficient information about climate change, migration patterns, and generalizable best practices for infrastructural development exists to support proactive planning for migration. Proactive and regionally appropriate investment in civil infrastructure in regions expected to attract climate migration can facilitate resilience, sustainability, and justice under climate change, emphasizing safe, sufficient, and equitable infrastructure.
A remark on Carleson measures of domains in ℂⁿ
Authors: Thuc Phung 
Published: October 2021

We provide characterizations of Carleson measures on a certain class of bounded pseudoconvex domains. An example of a vanishing Carleson measure whose Berezin transform does not vanish on the boundary is given in the class of the Hartogs trianglesHk≔{(z1,z2)∈C2:|z1|k>|z2|>1},k∈Z+.\begin{equation*} \mathbb {H}_{k}≔\left \{ \left (z_{1},z_{2}\right )\in \mathbb {C}^{2}:\left |z_{1}\right |^{k}>\left |z_{2}\right |>1\right \},\;k\in \mathbb {Z}^{+}. \end{equation*}
Estimating Country-Specific Incidence Rates of Rare Cancers: Comparative Performance Analysis of Modeling Approaches Using European Cancer Registry Data
Authors: Salmerón Diego , Botta Laura , Martínez José Miguel , Trama Annalisa , Gatta Gemma , Borràs Josep M , Capocaccia Riccardo , Clèries Ramon ,   for the Information Network on Rare Cancers (RARECARENet) Working Group
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Estimating incidence of rare cancers is challenging for exceptionally rare entities and in small populations. In a previous study, investigators in the Information Network on Rare Cancers (RARECARENet) provided Bayesian estimates of expected numbers of rare cancers and 95% credible intervals for 27 European countries, using data collected by population-based cancer registries. In that study, slightly different results were found by implementing a Poisson model in integrated nested Laplace approximation/WinBUGS platforms. In this study, we assessed the performance of a Poisson modeling approach for estimating rare cancer incidence rates, oscillating around an overall European average and using small-count data in different scenarios/computational platforms. First, we compared the performance of frequentist, empirical Bayes, and Bayesian approaches for providing 95% confidence/credible intervals for the expected rates in each country. Second, we carried out an empirical study using 190 rare cancers to assess different lower/upper bounds of a uniform prior distribution for the standard deviation of the random effects. For obtaining a reliable measure of variability for country-specific incidence rates, our results suggest the suitability of using 1 as the lower bound for that prior distribution and selecting the random-effects model through an averaged indicator derived from 2 Bayesian model selection criteria: the deviance information criterion and the Watanabe-Akaike information criterion.