bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cow Manure on Growth and Production of Peanut Plants in Sub Optimal Land
Authors: Musdalifah Andriana Putri , Kandari Aminuddin Mane , Hasid Rachmawati , Bahrun Andi , Mamma Sarawa , Madiki Abdul 
Published: June 2021

Aims: The study aimed to determine the effect of cow manure on the growth and yield of peanut plants
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with five treatments including the control replicated three (3) times.
Place and Duration of Study: the Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and the Laboratory of the Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, from June to October 2019
Methodology: without cow manure ( B0), using cow dung 5 t/ha(B1), 10 t/ha(B2), 15 t/ha(B3) and 20 t/ha(B4). The treatment was repeated 3 times, so that there were 15 experimental units. The variables observed were plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight, number of pods formed, number of filled pods and productivity of peanut plants. Observation data were analyzed using variance, F-count which showed a real or very real effect followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 95% confidence level.
Results: The results showed that cow manure treatment increased the growth of peanut plants especially the treatment cow manure at the dose of 15 t/ha in the form of filled pods, number of pods formed, and peanut plant productivity were 27.00, 35.93, and 3.62 t/ha at sub-optimal land. The application of cow manure can increase the availability of phosphorus in the soil and increase crop production. Cow manure has a phosphorus nutrient content of 0.42, 0.38 and 0.43 ppm respectively.
Conclusion: Treatment of cow manure at a dose of 15 t/ha was showed the best growth and production of peanut plants compared to other treatments.
Assessment of NaCl-Induced Stress in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Jain Khushbu , Kumar Mahesh , Shamim Md. , Kumar Jitesh , Kumar Anil 
Published: June 2021

Comparative study about the salt-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation has been realised in primary root tissues for Tomato (Lycopersicon esculantum L.) in order to evaluate their responses to salt stress. Salinity impacts in terms of root growth, H2O2 generation, lipid peroxidation and membrane destabilisation were more pronounced in roots. Salt treatment in form of NaCl was given to the roots of the tomato plants in hydroponics culture. Root length was measured by centimetre scale, H2O2 and lipid peroxidation was confirmed by spectrophotometer. Absorbance for H2O2 estimation was recorded at 480 nm whereas for Lipid peroxidation was done at 600nm. When the tomato plants were treated with different concentrations of NaCl, it was observed that as the concentration of NaCl was increasing, there was decreased root growth resulting in reduced root length and proportionate increase in the amount of H2O2 production level with increase in the concentrations of NaCl treatment upto 300mM Concentration and Significant increase in Lipid peroxidation was observed with the increase in NaCl concentrations upto 500mM Concentration. Comparative response may be helpful in developing a better understanding of tolerance mechanisms to salt stress in Tomato.
Impact of Foeniculum vulgare on Hemoglobin, Red Blood Cell Indices and White Blood Cell Count: A Laboratory Based Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Abbas Afshan , Ikram Rahila , Adil Abeer , Bukhari Qurrat ul Ain , Hasan Faiza 
Published: June 2021

Aims: Anemia is prime health issue of the population in developing region of world mostly due to dietary deficiencies and poor sanitation. Supplementary medicines as well as iron rich foods are utilized to combat this problem. Herbal products also have value in such diets. We evaluated role of Foeniculum vulgare incorporated diet on hemoglobin concentration and related indices.
Study Design: laboratory centred randomized controlled trial.
Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacology Department of University of Karachi, Karachi between June 2018 and September 2018.
Methodology: After selecting 30 healthy rabbits of either sex, we placed them in three groups; Control, 2% Foeniculum vulgare and 4% Foeniculum vulgare group. Control group, 2% and 4% Foeniculum vulgare groups were maintained on standard rodent diet, standard rodent diet containing 2% and 4% Foeniculum vulgare crushed seeds, respectively. Complete blood count of all rabbits was done twice after interval of a month.
Results: In comparison to control group, hemoglobin levels increased in both the study groups, while leucocyte count (WBC) increase was noted only in 4% Foeniculum vulgare group.
Conclusion: Foeniculum vulgare may have some role in maintenance of hemoglobin levels if not improving it.
Comparison of Salivary Protein Profile and Dietary Habits in Children With and Without Early Childhood Caries
Authors: Ravikumar Dhanalakshmi , Ramani Pratibha , Gayathri R. 
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the total salivary protein concentration and dietary habits in Caries-free, Early childhood Caries and Severe Early Childhood Caries children.
Materials and methods: The present study included Thirty children who were divided into three groups. They were further divided into Caries-free, Early childhood Caries and Severe Early Childhood Caries with 10 children in each group. Information was collected regarding oral hygiene practices, feeding habits and dietary pattern through a face-to-face interview with the parent/caretaker of the child. Unstimulated saliva was collected and total protein concentration was estimated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relative contributions of dietary and feeding patterns between children with and without ECC. ANOVA was done to identify the difference in mean protein concentration between the groups.
Results: Risk factors specific to the ECC group were Breast feeding <24 months (OR 2.1, 95% CI, 0.35-13.0), bottle feeding (21.0, 95% CI, 2.8-15.7), snacking more than 3 times per day (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.283-5.734), consumption of less protein diet (OR 4.1, 95% CI, 1.99-8.81), consumption of less milk products (2.33, 95% CI, 1.67-6.77). Results also revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in total protein concentration between Caries-free, Early childhood Caries and Severe Early Childhood Caries group.
Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, we can conclude that, Breast feeding less than 24 months, bottle feeding, snacking more than thrice per day, consuming low protein diet and low milk products had a high risk of developing ECC. There was no significant difference in the mean protein concentration between caries free, ECC and S ECC group.
Role of PCR in Rapid Detection Group B Streptococcus in Pregnant Females in Al-Quwayiyah General Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khater E. S. , Abdel-Motaal A. S. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Group B streptococcus is one of the most common causes of severe neonatal infections.
Aim: To detect the prevalence of group B. Streptococcus and their antimicrobial susceptibility and to assess the role of PCR as a rapid method of its detection.
Place and Duration of the Study: A cross sectional and prospective cohort study was carried out from September 2019 to February 2020 in Gynaecology and Obstetrics OPD and inpatient units in Al- Quwayiyah General hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Methodology: Paired rectal/vaginal specimens were collected from 540 pregnant females with gestational age 35 or more, Each swab was inoculated into selective medium, Todd Hewitt, One swab is streaked onto blood agar plates incubated in 5% CO2 for 24h at 36ºC. β-hemolytic colonies growth is identified by Gram’s stain, colony morphology and CAMP test. The confirmation and antimicrobial susceptibility were done by Vitek II machine, The second swab was used for PCR to identify atr gene.
Results: Out of 540 pregnant women 87 (16.1%) were colonized with GBS isolates. The positive GBS women aged 25 (22-34) and negative GBS women aged 23 (24-35) with no statistical difference. Patients aged more than 35 years old has the higher rate of positive GBS, 46.2%. No significant association detected between GBS and gestational age at delivery, antenatal visits, BMI and gravidity. The GBS strains isolated from pregnant women was 100% susceptible to linezolid and vancomycin followed by ampicillin (93.1%) and tobramicin (83.9%) then gentamicin (81.6%) and levofloxacin(78.2%) and showed least antibiotic susceptibility to erythromycin (26.4%). The PCR was positive in 145 (26.9%). Using culture as gold method, PCR sensitivity was 100% (95% CI: 91.62-100), while specificity was 83.2% (95% CI: 82.61-91.02). Negative and positive predictive values were 100% and 61% respectively. Kappa between the two methods was 0.71, which indicate major agreement.
Conclusion: The GBS prevalence among the pregnant females in Al Quwayiyah General Hospital was 16.1%. Detection of GBS using new PCR technique was found to have high sensitivity and faster results, allowing efficient management of GBS and reduction in newborn morbidity and mortality however the cost is high for some laboratories. Further studies should be assessed to be both low cost and accurate rapid screening.
Effects of noise and low-concentration carbon monoxide exposure on rat immunity
Authors: She Xiaojun , Gao Xiujie , Wang Kun , Yang Honglian , Ma Kefeng , Cui Bo , Xi Zhuge 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the immunotoxicity and effects of noise and/or low-concentration carbon monoxide (CO) exposure on immune organs and immune functions in rats.

Methods
Male Wistar rats exposed to 98 dB(A) white noise and/or 100 ppm CO 4 h/d for 30 d were used to determine the pathological changes in the thymus and spleen, and variations in leukocyte counts, inflammatory factors, and immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations.

Results
The boundaries of the cortex and medulla of the thymus were unclear following noise and combined exposure. The pathological changes in spleen after CO and combined exposure included blurred boundaries of red-pulp and white-pulp, disappearance of normal splenic nodules and neutrophil infiltration. After exposure to noise and in combination, leukocyte and lymphocyte counts decreased significantly. After exposure to low-concentration CO and in combination, serum IgM and IgG levels decreased significantly, but the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ levels increased significantly. Eosinophils and IgA levels decreased significantly following exposure to noise and/or low concentration of CO, while the level of interleukin-1 increased significantly. Monocytes increased significantly only under noise or CO exposure, but not under combined exposure.

Conclusions
Noise and/or low-concentration CO exposure may suppress innate and adaptive immune functions and induce inflammatory responses. Noise exposure mainly affected the innate immune function of rats, whereas low-concentration CO exposure mainly affected adaptive immune functions. Combined exposure presented higher immunotoxicity than noise or CO alone, suggesting that exposure to noise and low-concentration CO in the living and working environments can affect the immune system.
Diagnostic Molecular Investigation of White Spot Syndrome Virus Finds No Infection in Wild White Shrimp and Brown Shrimp along the Texas Gulf Coast
Authors: Swinford Jillian L. , Anderson Joel D. , Adami Robert , Dhar Arun K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a virulent disease that disrupts shrimp farm operations throughout the world. While the United States has had only limited outbreaks of WSSV within the past several decades, it is important to ensure that this disease does not infect wild penaeid shrimp populations. In Texas, there is a potential for WSSV to spread to wild penaeid populations in the Gulf of Mexico via infected imported nonnative bait shrimp, imported broodstock, or wild crustacean hosts. Due to these potential threats, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Coastal Fisheries Division monitored WSSV in wild brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus and white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus from seven major bay systems along the Texas coast during 2019. While no positive samples were detected from the collected shrimp, a power analysis illustrated a potential for low-level WSSV prevalence within Texas shrimp populations that would not be detectable by this monitoring survey. Overall, WSSV does not appear to be a major threat in the Texas region of the Gulf of Mexico, but continual observation and monitoring of wild penaeid shrimp is necessary to protect this resource from future WSSV outbreaks.
Synthesis of 2D Porous Crystalline Materials in Simulated Microgravity
Authors: Contreras‐Pereda Noemí , Rodríguez‐San‐Miguel David , Franco Carlos , Sevim Semih , Vale João Pedro , Solano Eduardo , Fong Wye‐Khay , Del Giudice Alessandra , Galantini Luciano , Pfattner Raphael , Pané Salvador , Mayor Tiago Sotto , Ruiz‐Molina Daniel , Puigmartí‐Luis Josep 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo date, crystallization studies conducted in space laboratories, which are prohibitively costly and unsuitable to most research laboratories, have shown the valuable effects of microgravity during crystal growth and morphogenesis. Herein, an easy and highly efficient method is shown to achieve space‐like experimentation conditions on Earth employing custom‐made microfluidic devices to fabricate 2D porous crystalline molecular frameworks. It is confirmed that experimentation under these simulated microgravity conditions has unprecedented effects on the orientation, compactness and crack‐free generation of 2D porous crystalline molecular frameworks as well as in their integration and crystal morphogenesis. It is believed that this work will provide a new “playground” to chemists, physicists, and materials scientists that desire to process unprecedented 2D functional materials and devices.
Encapsulation Strategy on All Inorganic Perovskites for Stable and Efficient Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Li Linjuan , Gan Liyong , Zhang Zhonghai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAll inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals are a promising candidate as photocathode for efficient photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) water splitting. However, the poor chemical stability severely limits its practical applications. The exploration of perovskite‐based ideal photocathode materials with efficient and highly stable PEC performance is still an ambitious and meaningful challenge. Herein, under guidance of theoretical calculations, an encapsulation strategy is proposed to prepare the CsPbBr3/Ni2P core/shell nanostructures. Compared with the pristine CsPbBr3 nanocrystals, the CsPbBr3/Ni2P nanostructures show a significant improvement of photocurrent density up to 10 000 folds with long‐term stability in aqueous solution, and present superior PEC activity for hydrogen generation with nearly 100% faradic efficiency. The encapsulation strategy opens up an avenue for rational design of perovskite‐based photocathodes for efficient and stable PEC water reduction.
Observation of Optically Addressable Nonvolatile Memory in VO2 at Room Temperature
Authors: Jung Youngho , Jeong Junho , Qu Zhongnan , Cui Bin , Khanda Ankita , Parkin Stuart S. P. , Poon Joyce K. S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVanadium dioxide (VO2) is a phase change material that can reversibly change between high and low resistivity states through electronic and structural phase transitions. Thus far, VO2 memory devices have essentially been volatile at room temperature, and nonvolatile memory has required non‐ambient surroundings (e.g., elevated temperatures, electrolytes) and long write times. For the first time, here, the authors report the observation of optically addressable nonvolatile memory in VO2 at room temperature with a readout by voltage oscillations. The read and write times have to be kept shorter than about 150 µs. The writing of the memory and onset of the voltage oscillations have a minimum optical power threshold. Although the physical mechanisms underlying this memory effect require further investigations, this discovery illustrates the potential of VO2 for new computing devices and architectures, such as artificial neurons and oscillatory neural networks.
Risk of sudden cardiac death in EXOSC5‐related disease
Authors: Calame Daniel G. , Herman Isabella , Fatih Jawid M. , Du Haowei , Akay Gulsen , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Coban‐Akdemir Zeynep , Milewicz Dianna M. , Gibbs Richard A. , Posey Jennifer E. , Marafi Dana , Hunter Jill V. , Fan Yuxin , Lupski James R. , Miyake Christina Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe RNA exosome is a multi‐subunit complex involved in the processing, degradation, and regulated turnover of RNA. Several subunits are linked to Mendelian disorders, including pontocerebellar hypoplasia (EXOSC3, MIM #614678; EXOSC8, MIM #616081: and EXOSC9, MIM #618065) and short stature, hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa, and distinctive facies (EXOSC2, MIM #617763). More recently, EXOSC5 (MIM *606492) was found to underlie an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental delay, hypotonia, cerebellar abnormalities, and dysmorphic facies. An unusual feature of EXOSC5‐related disease is the occurrence of complete heart block requiring a pacemaker in a subset of affected individuals. Here, we provide a detailed clinical and molecular characterization of two siblings with microcephaly, developmental delay, cerebellar volume loss, hypomyelination, with cardiac conduction and rhythm abnormalities including sinus node dysfunction, intraventricular conduction delay, atrioventricular block, and ventricular tachycardia (VT) due to compound heterozygous variants in EXOSC5: (1) NM_020158.4:c.341C > T (p.Thr114Ile; pathogenic, previously reported) and (2) NM_020158.4:c.302C > A (p.Thr101Lys; novel variant). A review of the literature revealed an additional family with biallelic EXOSC5 variants and cardiac conduction abnormalities. These clinical and molecular data provide compelling evidence that cardiac conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias are part of the EXOSC5‐related disease spectrum and argue for proactive screening due to potential risk of sudden cardiac death.
A process intensification synthesis framework for the design of extractive separation systems with material selection
Authors: Tian Yuhe , Pistikopoulos Efstratios N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, we present a systematic approach for solvent selection and process intensification synthesis based on the Generalized Modular Representation Framework (GMF). GMF is a bottom‐up process synthesis strategy which leverages mass and/or heat transfer building blocks to represent chemical equipment and flowsheets. Thus, conventional and/or intensified process solutions can be generated to obtain optimal process design(s) without a pre‐postulation of equipment or flowsheet configurations. To address the challenge of module dimensionality estimation for capital cost correlation, orthogonal collocation is coupled to enhance GMF intra‐module representation. Material selection is achieved by incorporating physical property models (e.g., NRTL) in GMF model formulation to describe the nonideal liquid mixture behaviors and to assess solvent performance in facilitating separation. In this context, solvent selection and process intensification synthesis are simultaneously addressed within a superstructure‐based optimization formulation. The proposed approach is demonstrated on two case studies for ethanol‐water extractive separation, with two sets of solvents evaluated: (a) ethylene glycol versus methanol to obtain 99 mol% ethanol, and (b) ethylene glycol versus 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]) to obtain 99.8 mol% ethanol and 99 mol% water.
Isolation of Circulating Biomarkers for Liquid Biopsy using Immunoaffinity‐Based Stimuli‐Responsive Hybrid Hydrogel Beads
Authors: Kang Yoon‐Tae , Kim Young Jun , Rupp Brittany , Purcell Emma , Hadlock Thomas , Ramnath Nithya , Nagrath Sunitha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis work presents chemically stable and biodegradable hydrogel beads for the isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating exosomes in liquid biopsy. The liquid biopsy hydrogel beads (LBbeads) consisting of alginate and poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels show both chemical stability and stimuli‐degradable characteristics. Unlike single‐component hydrogels, this hybrid form is not easily degraded by buffers or cell culture media while its degradable characteristic remains; thus, it is useful in bio‐applications requiring multi‐step processes with various reagents and lengthy incubation periods. We applied our platform to clinical samples for isolating two promising circulating biomarkers for a liquid biopsy, CTCs and exosomes, by conjugating the hydrogel surface with anti‐EpCAM and anti‐CD63 antibodies, respectively, thus achieving 37.4 CTCs and comparable amount of exosome recovery per 1 milliliter of blood. The results show easy device‐free isolation and retrieval of CTCs and exosomes, with recovered circulating biomarkers successfully analyzed by western blot analysis and fluorescence microscopy. We believe that this simple and versatile platform enables us to isolate prominent circulating biomarkers for clinical use in cancer diagnosis.
Preparation of highly reflective silver metallized PVC film by autocatalytic deposition
Authors: Sun Xiaomin , Chen Jisi , Yin Yanan , Chen Huan , Wu Jinxing , Gao Zhaodongfang , Xiong Chuanxi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetallized polymer films, used in many optical applications because of their high reflectivity, are usually prepared under complex conditions. In this work, a two‐step autocatalytic deposition method was adopted to prepare an Ag‐deposited polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film (Ag/PVC composite film) with high reflectivity. When Ag particles were used as a coating, the formed face‐centered cubic crystal endowed a higher reflectivity than other crystals. Therefore, Pd metal was introduced as the catalytic center for Ag deposition to promote the formation of face‐centered cubic crystals, thereby obtaining a highly reflective PVC film. Moreover, we improved the reflectivity of the Ag/PVC composite film by adjusting different process parameters, and the maximum reflectivity of the Ag/PVC composite film could reach as high as 93%. The two‐step autocatalytic deposition we used was a simple, efficient, and low‐energy method to prepare highly reflective films. The optimum process parameter was also significant for further research on highly reflective films.