bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online patient portal use by caregivers in pediatric oncology: Are we widening sociodemographic disparities?
Authors: Schultz Corinna L. , McCahan Suzanne M. , Lewis Amanda M. , Bunnell H. Timothy , Alderfer Melissa A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundFinancial and regulatory incentives have encouraged and increased the availability of online patient portals that provide caregivers access to their child's electronic health records (EHR). Such access is believed to promote better engagement and outcomes of care. Little is known about the use of portals by caregivers of children with cancer. This study sought to examine whether sociodemographic and clinical care variables are associated with portal activation in a pediatric oncology sample.MethodsSociodemographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from the EHR of pediatric oncology patients treated for their first cancer in the Nemours Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders between 2012 and 2017. A Child Opportunity Index (COI) was calculated based on home zip code. Characteristics of children whose caregivers did and did not activate the portal were compared.ResultsSixty‐six percent of caregivers activated a portal account with a peak within 90 days of diagnosis. In logistic regression, caregivers with a younger aged child, spoke English, lived closer to the hospital, lived in higher COI area, with longer treatment length, and more radiology tests had greater odds of portal activation. Those with private health insurance or White race were overrepresented among those who activated an account in univariate analysis.ConclusionThe majority of caregivers of children with cancer activate portal accounts; however, differences in sociodemographic and clinical variables across those who did and did not activate accounts emerged. As portals become ubiquitous, we must understand how they are used and mitigate widening inequities caused by disparate portal use.
On the toughening of unsaturated polyester resins using nadimide end‐functionalized polyether telechelics
Authors: Jeemol Poovathungal Abdulrahman , Mathew Suresh , Nair Chethrappilly Padmanabhan Reghunadhan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCopoly‐propylene glycol (terephthalate–maleate) based unsaturated polyester resin (UPER) was modified with nadimide end‐capped polyether telechelics namely, polypropylene glycol (PPG with molecular weight 2000, 1000, 400 g/mol), polytetramethylene oxide (PTMO with molecular weight 2000 g/mol) and polyethylene glycol (PEG with molecular weight 2000 g/mol) (NPPG/NPTMO/NPEG). The telechelic NPPG/NPTMO/NPEG were synthesized from the corresponding polyols (hydroxy telechelics) by reaction with 4‐nadimido benzoyl chloride. These derivatives were characterized by chemical and spectral methods. Blends of UPER with varying amounts of NPPG/NPTMO/NPEG were prepared. Blending boosted the cohesive energy through enhanced crosslinking as reflected in the gel content of the cured matrices done in separate studies. It increased the fracture characteristics tremendously. The addition of 2.5 phr of the nadimide end functional polyether gave the maximum toughness. The crosslink density showed an initial increase on blending, but further addition of the telechelics did not make any change. The properties of the prepared blends were compared with maleimide end‐capped polyether toughened UPE resins. It was concluded that the toughening effect of the polyether additive depends not only on its concentration but also on its distribution in the matrix as dictated by its reactivity ratio with styrene. The high reactivity of the nadimide groups did not create an ambiance good enough to get an acceptable distribution of the polyether segments conducive for a tough matrix. Whereas the maleimide end‐capped polyether provides better toughening efficiency.
Endothelial dysfunction after androgen deprivation therapy and the possible underlying mechanisms
Authors: Teoh Jeremy Yuen‐Chun , Tian Xiao‐Yu , Wong Christine Yim‐Ping , Lau Chi‐Wai , Cheng Chak‐Kwong , Tang Victor Wai‐Lun , Chan Ronald Cheong‐Kin , Huang Yu , Ng Chi‐Fai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a key treatment modality in the management of prostate cancer (PCa), especially for patients with metastatic disease. Increasing evidences suggest that patients who received ADT have increased incidence of diabetes, myocardial infarction, stroke, and even mortality. It is important to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms on how ADT increases cardiovascular risk and induces cardiovascular events, which would provide important information for potential implementation of preventive measures.MethodsTwenty‐six 12‐week‐old male SD rats were divided into four groups for different types of ADTs including: the bilateral orchidectomy group (Orx), LHRH agonist group (leuprolide), LHRH antagonist group (degarelix), and control group. After treated with drug or adjuvant injection every 3 weeks for 24 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and total blood were collected. Aorta, renal arteries, and kidney were preserved for functional assay, immunohistochemistry, western blot, and quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsIn vascular reactivity assays, aorta, intrarenal, and coronary arteries of all three ADT groups showed endothelial dysfunction. AT1R and related molecules at protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) level were tested, and AT1R pathway was shown to be activated and played a role in endothelial dysfunction. Both ACE and AT1R mRNA levels were doubled in the aorta in the leuprolide group while Orx and degarelix groups showed upregulation of AT1R in the kidney tissues. By immunohistochemistry, our result showed higher expression of AT1R in the intrarenal arteries of leuprolide and degarelix groups. The role of reactive oxygen species in endothelial dysfunction was confirmed by DHE fluorescence, nitrotyrosine overexpression, and upregulation of NOX2 in the different ADT treatment groups.ConclusionADT causes endothelial dysfunction in male rats. GnRH receptor agonist compared to GnRH receptor antagonist, showed more impairment of endothelial function in the aorta and intrarenal arteries. Such change might be associated with upregulation and activation of AngII‐AT1R‐NOX2 induced oxidative stress in the vasculature. These results help to explain the different cardiovascular risks and outcomes related to different modalities of ADT treatment.
Hierarchical predefined‐time control of teleoperation systems with state and communication constraints
Authors: Xu Jing‐Zhe , Ge Ming‐Feng , Ling Guang , Liu Feng , Park Ju H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe performance of the teleoperation system under multiple negative impacts cannot be easily predefined and regulated in general. This article aims to achieve the predefined performance of the teleoperation system under the effects of human operations, external disturbances, parametric uncertainties and communication constraints (including communication delays and quantized‐data communication). The predefined performance includes the state constraints (i.e., the joint‐space positions of the teleoperation system can be constrained in the predefined region throughout the control process) and predefined‐time set stability (i.e., the synchronization errors can be forced to reach an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the origin in a predefined time). To this end, a hierarchical predefined‐time control algorithm is newly designed via employing the error transformation method based on a novel limit‐time regulator. By using the barrier Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions on the control parameters are formally derived for guaranteeing the aforementioned performance. Finally, we present several simulation experiments to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed main results.
Household transmission of influenza A and B within a prospective cohort during the 2013‐2014 and 2014‐2015 seasons
Authors: Dahlgren F. Scott , Foppa Ivo M. , Stockwell Melissa S. , Vargas Celibell Y. , LaRussa Philip , Reed Carrie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPeople living within the same household as someone ill with influenza are at increased risk of infection. Here, we use Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to partition the hazard of influenza illness within a cohort into the hazard from the community and the hazard from the household. During the 2013‐2014 influenza season, 49 (4.7%) of the 1044 people enrolled in a community surveillance cohort had an acute respiratory illness (ARI) attributable to influenza. During the 2014‐2015 influenza season, 50 (4.7%) of the 1063 people in the cohort had an ARI attributable to influenza. The secondary attack rate from a household member was 2.3% for influenza A (H1) during 2013‐2014, 5.3% for influenza B during 2013‐2014, and 7.6% for influenza A (H3) during 2014‐2015. Living in a household with a person ill with influenza increased the risk of an ARI attributable to influenza up to 350%, depending on the season and the influenza virus circulating within the household.
Thermal‐Responsive and Fire‐Resistant Materials for High‐Safety Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Heng , Wang Huibo , Xu Zhu , Wang Kexuan , Ge Mingzheng , Gan Lin , Zhang Yanyan , Tang Yuxin , Chen Shi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs one of the most efficient electrochemical energy storage devices, the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) has been extensively improved in the past several decades. However, with increased energy density, the safety risk of LIBs becomes higher too. The frequently occurred battery accidents worldwide remind us that safeness is a crucial requirement for LIBs, especially in environments with high safety concerns like airplanes and military platforms. It is generally recognized that the catastrophic thermal runaway (TR) event is the major cause of LIBs related accidents. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to coping with the TR concerns in LIBs, and thus enhance battery safety. This review first gives an introduction to the fundamentals of LIBs and the origins of safety issues. Then, the authors summarize the recent advances to improve the safety of LIBs with a unique focus on thermal‐responsive and fire‐resistant materials. Finally, a perspective is proposed to guide future research directions in this field. It is anticipated this review will stimulate inspiration and arouse extensive studies on further improvement in battery safety.
E‐Verify mandates and unauthorized immigrants' health insurance coverage
Authors: Churchill Brandyn 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOver the last two decades, state and local governments have adopted policies requiring employers to electronically verify (E‐Verify) the work eligibility of their new hires to disrupt unauthorized immigrants' access to the formal labor market. These E‐Verify mandates previously enjoyed bipartisan support and are likely to be included in comprehensive immigration reform discussions between the Biden administration and GOP. I show in this paper that state E‐Verify mandates are associated with a 5‐percentage point reduction in the probability that likely unauthorized immigrants are employed and a 2‐percentage point reduction in the probability that they have employer‐sponsored insurance. However, these changes are limited to one period after implementation. In all remaining periods, the relationships are not distinguishable from zero. I show that this pattern can be explained by selective outmigration of otherwise unemployed and uninsured likely unauthorized immigrants. By preventing unauthorized immigrants from moving to a more favorable policy environment, a nationwide E‐Verify mandate would likely further limit unauthorized immigrants' access to private health insurance.
A natural derivative from ethnomedicinal mushroom potentiates apoptosis, autophagy and attenuates cell migration, via fine tuning the Akt signaling in human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549)
Authors: Nandi Sudeshna , Upadhyay Priyanka , Roy Ayan , Dasgupta Adhiraj , Sen Arnab , Adhikary Arghya , Acharya Krishnendu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough comprehensive exertions have been made in late decades for treating advanced lung cancer with inclusive therapies but efficient anti‐lung cancer therapeutics are statically inadequate in the clinics. Hence, compelling novel anti‐lung cancer drugs are considerably desired. This backdrop enticed us to unveil anticancer efficacy of astrakurkurol, derivative of wild edible mushroom against lung cancer, whose effects have not yet been described. Mechanistic analysis disclosed that sensitizing effect of astrakurkurol is due to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, increased level of Fas, FADD, decreased ratio of Bax/Bcl‐2, and increased cleaved form of caspase 9, 8, and 3. Apart from the induction of apoptosis, it was demonstrated for the first time that astrakurkurol induced an autophagic response as evidenced by the development of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) with up‐regulation of beclin‐1, Atg7, and downregulated p62. Apoptosis and autophagy can be sparked by the same stimuli, which was as evident from the astrakurkurol‐induced inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling. The thorough scanning of the mechanism of crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy is requisite for prosperous anticancer remedy. Triterpenoid has evidently intensified cytotoxicity, induced apoptosis and autophagy on A549 cells. Besides astrakurkurol could also curb migration and regress the size of tumor in ex ovo xenograft model. All these findings put forth astrakurkurol as a convincing novel anti‐cancer agent, for scrutinizing the lung cancer therapies and as a robust contender for future in vitro and in vivo analysis.
Surveillance of strangles in UK horses between 2015 and 2019 based on laboratory detection of Streptococcus equi
Authors: McGlennon Abigail , Waller Andrew , Verheyen Kristien , Slater Josh , Grewar John , Aanensen David , Newton Richard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreviously national surveillance data for monitoring strangles (Streptococcus equi infection) in UK horses was limited. Improved awareness and knowledge of positive diagnoses would permit the optimisation of biosecurity protocols, decreasing the prevalence of strangles.MethodsSeven UK laboratories reported positive strangles diagnoses between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019 based on identifying Streptococcus equi via agent detection assays from field‐based practitioner‐submitted samples. Associated clinical history and animal signalment were collected where provided, and descriptive analysis undertaken.ResultsWithin the study period, 1617 laboratory‐confirmed diagnoses occurred from samples submitted by 315 veterinary practices. Of these, 51.6% were swabs and 44.0% guttural pouch lavages. Diagnoses were primarily based on qPCR alone (59.6%), qPCR and culture (35.8%), or culture alone (4.6%). A total of 1791 clinical signs were reported for 713 diagnoses, where nasal discharge (31.3%) and pyrexia (20.5%) were most frequently reported. Regions with the highest number of diagnoses included North Yorkshire (n = 75, 4.6%), Staffordshire (n = 71, 4.4%) and West Sussex (North East) (n = 63, 3.9%).ConclusionThis study presents important insights into the diagnosis and clinical features of strangles in UK horses, even though limited and/or missing clinical history and signalment on laboratory submission forms restricts the completeness of the data.
Ordered and censored lifetime data in reliability: An illustrative review
Authors: Cramer Erhard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present review provides a survey on basic models of ordered data and censoring mechanisms with a focus on lifetime data, failure data, and reliability applications. Throughout, illustrations of the data generation process as well as of the censoring mechanisms are used to visualize these procedures. By example we present basic results assuming a life testing model with independent and identically distributed measurements and focus on selected inferential results for exponentially distributed lifetimes. In particular, we aim to illustrate similarities between the models as well as to highlight some interesting exact statistical results. It is not intended to survey all possible model assumptions, probabilistic results, and used inferential methods used in this framework. For this purpose as well as for further reading, we provide an extensive bibliography.This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Reliability, Survivability, and Quality ControlAlgorithms and Computational Methods > Maximum Likelihood MethodsData: Types and Structure > Traditional Statistical Data
Noninvasive Low‐cost Method to Identify Armadillos' Burrows: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Rodrigues Thiago F. , Nogueira Keiller , Chiarello Adriano G. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTHaving accurate information about population parameters of armadillos (Mammalia, Cingulata) is essential for the conservation and management of the taxon, most species of which remain poorly studied. We investigated whether we could accurately identify 4 armadillo species (Euphractus sexcinctus, Dasypus novemcinctus, Cabassous tatouay, and Cabassous unicinctus) based on burrow morphometry. We first selected published studies that reported measurements of width, height, and angle of the burrows used by the 4 species of armadillos. Then, using such data we simulated burrow measurements for each of the 4 species of armadillos and we created predictive models through supervised machine learning that were capable of correctly identifying the species of armadillos based on their burrows' morphometry. By using classification algorithms such as Random Forest, K‐Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, and Decision Tree C5.0, we achieved the overall accuracy for the classification task by about 71%, including an overall Kappa index by about 61%. Euphractus sexcinctus was the most difficult species to discriminate and classify (approximately 68% of accuracy), whereas C. unicinctus was the easiest to discriminate (approximately 93% of accuracy). We found that it was possible to identify similar‐sized armadillos based on the measurements of their burrows described in the literature. Finally, we developed an R function (armadilloID) that automatically identified the 4 species of armadillos using burrow morphology. As the data we used represented all studies that reported the morphometry of burrows for the 4 species of armadillos, we can generalize that our function can predict armadillo species beyond our data. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Designing Research to Catalyse Climate Action
Authors: Currie-Alder Bruce , De Souza Ken 
Published: September 2021

AbstractClimate action ahead of 2030 requires ambitious research that is fit for purpose: working across scale, creating synergy among cohorts of projects, and enabling capacity to pursue research uptake. Research needs to bridge local and national levels and provide evidence that informs decisions with decadal implications. To become more than the sum of its constituent activities, research programmes and consortia require learning frameworks and equitable partnership among participating organisations. Beyond scholarships and fellowships for training and independent study, exchanges and embedding in real-world settings practical experiences allow people to gain experience beyond academia in diverse host institutions. Greater emphasis needs to be given to the spectrum extending from research to its application, including co-production and knowledge brokering with local people and decision-makers.
Molecular dynamics simulation of interface atomic diffusion in ultrasonic metal welding
Authors: Mostafavi Shimaalsadat , Bamer Franz , Markert Bernd 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe formation of a reliable joint between a large number of aluminum strands for battery applications is crucial in automotive industry, especially in the technology of autonomous vehicles. Therefore, in this study, mechanical deformations and diffusion patterns of the mating interface in ultrasonic welding of aluminum were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, microscopic observations of the joints between aluminum strands from ultrasonic welding illustrating the influence of two process parameters were done. To study the nanomechanics of the joint formation, two aluminum crystallites of different orientations were built. The impact of the sliding velocity and the compression rate of the upper crystal block on the diffusion pattern at the interface of the two crystallites were quantified via the diffusion coefficient. Tensile deformations of several joint configurations were performed to investigate the load-bearing capacity of the solid state bond, taking into account the compression rate, the sliding velocity and the crystallite orientation. The atomic scale simulations revealed that the orientations of the crystallites govern the interface diffusion and the tensile strength of the joint significantly. Furthermore, interface atom diffusion increased with increasing the sliding velocity. Additionally, it was observed that a higher sliding velocity enhances the friction heat generation between the crystallites and significantly increases the interface temperature.
Towards a better understanding on mitigating algorithm aversion in forecasting: an experimental study
Authors: Jung Markus , Seiter Mischa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractForecasts serve as the basis for a wide range of managerial decisions. With the potential of new data sources and new techniques for data analysis, human forecasters are increasingly interacting with algorithms. Although algorithms can show better forecasting performance than humans, forecasters do not always accept these algorithms and instead show aversion to them. Algorithm aversion has become a widely known phenomenon. Drawing on the seminal study of Dietvorst et al. (J Exp Psychol Gen 144(1):114–126, 2015), we extend the evidence on algorithm aversion by introducing three environmental variables from the management accounting literature. We argue that time pressure, “do your best” goals, and forecasters’ data input decision rights on the algorithms input mitigate algorithm aversion. To test our hypotheses, we conducted an experimental study with 1,840 participants overall. We found support for our hypothesis that time pressure mitigates algorithm aversion. We found evidence that the mitigation effect is based on forecasters’ loss of confidence in their own forecast when they are under time pressure. We found no support for our hypothesis on “do your best” goals or forecasters’ data input decision rights.