bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal inflammation as a link between placental expression signature of tryptophan metabolism and preterm birth
Authors: Karahoda Rona , Robles Morgane , Marushka Julia , Stranik Jaroslav , Abad Cilia , Horackova Hana , Tebbens Jurjen Duintjer , Vaillancourt Cathy , Kacerovsky Marian , Staud Frantisek 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Spontaneous preterm birth is a serious medical condition responsible for substantial perinatal morbidity and mortality. Its phenotypic characteristics, preterm labor with intact membranes (PTL) and preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM), are associated with significantly increased risks of neurological and behavioral alterations in childhood and later life. Recognizing the inflammatory milieu associated with PTL and PPROM, here, we examined expression signatures of placental tryptophan metabolism, an important pathway in prenatal brain development and immunotolerance. The study was performed in a well-characterized clinical cohort of healthy term pregnancies (n = 39) and 167 preterm deliveries (PTL, n = 38 and PPROM, n = 129). Within the preterm group, we then investigated potential mechanistic links between differential placental tryptophan pathway expression, preterm birth and both intra-amniotic markers (such as amniotic fluid interleukin-6) and maternal inflammatory markers (such as maternal serum C-reactive protein and white blood cell count). We show that preterm birth is associated with significant changes in placental tryptophan metabolism. Multifactorial analysis revealed similarities in expression patterns associated with multiple phenotypes of preterm delivery. Subsequent correlation computations and mediation analyses identified links between intra-amniotic and maternal inflammatory markers and placental serotonin and kynurenine pathways of tryptophan catabolism. Collectively, the findings suggest that a hostile inflammatory environment associated with preterm delivery underlies the mechanisms affecting placental endocrine/transport functions and may contribute to disruption of developmental programming of the fetal brain.
Development and Validation of a Pediatric MRI-Based Perianal Crohn Disease (PEMPAC) Index—A Report from the ImageKids Study
Authors: Choshen Sapir , Turner Dan , Pratt Li-Tal , Precel Ronit , Greer Mary-Louise , Castro Denise A , Assa Amit , Martínez-León María I , Herman-Sucharska Izabela , Coppenrath Eva , Konen Osnat , Davila Jorge , Bekhit Elhamy , Alsabban Zehour , Focht Gili , Gavish Matan , Griffiths Anne , Cytter-Kuint Ruth 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
As part of the prospective multicenter ImageKids study, we aimed to develop and validate the pediatric MRI-based perianal Crohn disease (PEMPAC) index.

Methods
Children with Crohn disease with any clinical perianal findings underwent pelvic magnetic resonance imaging at 21 sites globally. The site radiologist and 2 central radiologists provided a radiologist global assessment (RGA) on a 100 mm visual analog scale and scored the items selected by a Delphi group of 35 international radiologists and a review of the literature. Two weighted multivariable statistical models were constructed against the RGA.

Results
Eighty children underwent 95 pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scans; 64 were used for derivation and 31 for validation. The following items were included: fistula number, location, length and T2 hyperintensity; abscesses; rectal wall involvement; and fistula branching. The last 2 items had negative beta scores and thus were excluded in a contending basic model. In the validation cohort, the full and the basic models had the same strong correlation with the RGA (r = 0.75; P &lt; 0.01) and with the adult Van Assche index (VAI; r = 0.93 and 0.92; P &lt; 0.001). The correlation of the VAI with the RGA was similar (r = 0.77; P &lt; 0.01). The 2 models and the VAI had a similar ability to differentiate remission from active disease (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.91-0.94). The PEMPAC index had good responsiveness to change (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-1.00).

Conclusions
Using a blended judgmental and mathematical approach, we developed and validated an index for quantifying the severity of perianal disease in children with CD. The adult VAI may also be used with confidence in children.
Exceptional Collection of Objects on Some Fake Projective Planes
Authors: Lai Ching-Jui , Yeung Sai-Kee 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to explain a new method to establish the existence of an exceptional collection of length three for a fake projective plane $M$ with nontrivial automorphism group, related to a conjecture of Galkin–Katzarkov–Mellit–Shinder in 2015. Our method shows that thirty fake projective planes support such a sequence, most of which are new. In particular, this provides many new $H$-phantom categories.
Electronic consultations and economies of scale: a qualitative study of clinician perspectives on scaling up e-consult delivery
Authors: Anderson Ekaterina , Rinne Seppo T , Orlander Jay D , Cutrona Sarah L , Strymish Judith L , Vimalananda Varsha G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
To explore Veterans Health Administration clinicians’ perspectives on the idea of redesigning electronic consultation (e-consult) delivery in line with a hub-and-spoke (centralized) model.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a qualitative study in VA New England Healthcare System (VISN 1). Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with 35 primary care providers and 38 specialty care providers, including 13 clinical leaders, at 6 VISN 1 sites varying in size, specialist availability, and e-consult volume. Interviews included exploration of the hub-and-spoke (centralized) e-consult model as a system redesign option. Qualitative content analysis procedures were applied to identify and describe salient categories.

Results
Participants saw several potential benefits to scaling up e-consult delivery from a decentralized model to a hub-and-spoke model, including expanded access to specialist expertise and increased timeliness of e-consult responses. Concerns included differences in resource availability and management styles between sites, anticipated disruption to working relationships, lack of incentives for central e-consultants, dedicated staff’s burnout and fatigue, technological challenges, and lack of motivation for change.

Discussion
Based on a case study from one of the largest integrated healthcare systems in the United States, our work identifies novel concerns and offers insights for healthcare organizations contemplating a scale-up of their e-consult systems.

Conclusions
Scaling up e-consults in line with the hub-and-spoke model may help pave the way for a centralized and efficient approach to care delivery, but the success of this transformation will depend on healthcare systems’ ability to evaluate and address barriers to leveraging economies of scale for e-consults.
Cannabinoids Tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabinol, Cannabidiol, Tetrahydrocannabivarin and 11-nor-9-carboxy-∆9-THC in Hair
Authors: Hill Virginia A , Schaffer Michael I , Paulsen Ryan B , Stowe G Neil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The cannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN) and (-)-11-nor-9-carboxy-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) were determined in 4,773 hair samples. Confirmation of THC-COOH was by GC–MS-MS (gas chromatography--mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry). Confirmation of THC, THCV, CBN and CBD was by LC–MS-MS (liquid chromatoraphy--mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry) on an AB Sciex QTRAP 6500+ LC–MS-MS. The purpose of this work was not to utilize any analyte other than THC-COOH as indicative of ingestion, but to assess the absence or presence, and relative concentrations, of the other cannabinoid analytes in hair of marijuana users vs. primarily CBD users. In this regard, 10% of samples contained significantly higher concentrations of CBD relative to THC than the other 90%. A concentration of CBD that is five times greater than that of THC was proposed as good evidence of primarily CBD ingestion. THC concentrations in the samples ranged from below the limit of detection (5 pg/mg) to 47,808 pg/mg hair, varying widely in the relationship between parent THC and the metabolite THC-COOH. CBN was present in most samples, but concentrations relative to THC decreased with increasing THC concentrations. Only 26% of the samples contained THCV detectable by the method. When present, THCV concentrations averaged 1.77% of THC. A limitation of this study is the lack of subject histories to determine the types and amounts of products used and the mode of ingestion. Also, not all THC from external contamination may be removed. Nonetheless, the data provide a useful guide as to what cannabinoids may be found in hair, at what concentrations and under conditions of marijuana use vs. likely primarily CBD use.
Preferential import of queuosine-modified tRNAs into Trypanosoma brucei mitochondrion is critical for organellar protein synthesis
Authors: Kulkarni Sneha , Rubio Mary Anne T , Hegedűsová Eva , Ross Robert L , Limbach Patrick A , Alfonzo Juan D , Paris Zdeněk 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are key players in protein synthesis. To be fully active, tRNAs undergo extensive post-transcriptional modifications, including queuosine (Q), a hypermodified 7-deaza-guanosine present in the anticodon of several tRNAs in bacteria and eukarya. Here, molecular and biochemical approaches revealed that in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, Q-containing tRNAs have a preference for the U-ending codons for asparagine, aspartate, tyrosine and histidine, analogous to what has been described in other systems. However, since a lack of tRNA genes in T. brucei mitochondria makes it essential to import a complete set from the cytoplasm, we surprisingly found that Q-modified tRNAs are preferentially imported over their unmodified counterparts. In turn, their absence from mitochondria has a pronounced effect on organellar translation and affects function. Although Q modification in T. brucei is globally important for codon selection, it is more so for mitochondrial protein synthesis. These results provide a unique example of the combined regulatory effect of codon usage and wobble modifications on protein synthesis; all driven by tRNA intracellular transport dynamics.
Authorial Intention, Readers’ Creation, and Reference Shift
Authors: Lee Jeonggyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the identity problems of fictional objects, focusing on Anthony Everett's and Stuart Brock's leading criticisms against fictional creationism, the view that fictional objects are abstract objects created by our acts involving literary practices. My primary aim is to argue that creationism based on referentialism has enough resources to individuate fictional objects and hence can address the alleged identity problems: every alleged problematic case regarding the identity of fictional objects is well explained in terms of the notions of authorial intention, gappy proposition, inadvertent creation, and reference shift.
Financialization and corporate downsizing as a shareholder value strategy
Authors: Jung Jiwook , Lee Yin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHow has financialization contributed to the changing nature of employment relations? Using the case of downsizing, we provide a cultural explanation of how the growing influence of the financial sector has reshaped employment relations at non-financial firms. We focus on the role of financial professionals in promoting the norm of shareholder value maximization around which financial market expecatations are formed and imposed upon firms. Our analysis of downsizing announcements made by the largest US firms shows that firms downsize when they miss earnings forecasts of securities analysts—a clear indication that firms fail to maximize shareholder value. We also show that institutional investors and financial executives promoted downsizing after missed analyst forecasts while labor unions resisted it. Despite the latter group’s resistance, in the context of the declining countervailing influence of labor, our findings suggest that downsizing has become institutionalized as a shareholder value strategy in the era of financialization.
Sleep’s short-term memory preservation and long-term affect depotentiation effect in emotional memory consolidation: behavioral and EEG evidence
Authors: Zeng Shengzi , Lin Xuanyi , Wang Jingxuan , Hu Xiaoqing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep plays a pivotal role in the off-line processing of emotional memory. However, much remains unknown for its immediate vs. long-term influences. We employed behavioral and electrophysiological measures to investigate the short- and long-term impacts of sleep vs. sleep deprivation on emotional memory.

Methods
Fifty-nine participants incidentally learned 60 negative and 60 neutral pictures in the evening and were randomly assigned to either sleep or sleep deprivation conditions. We measured memory recognition and subjective affective ratings in 12- and 60-h post-encoding tests, with EEGs in the delayed test.

Results
In a 12-h post-encoding test, compared to sleep deprivation, sleep equally preserved both negative and neutral memory, and their affective tones. In the 60-h post-encoding test, negative and neutral memories declined significantly in the sleep group, with attenuated emotional responses to negative memories over time. Furthermore, two groups showed spatial-temporally distinguishable ERPs at the delayed test: while both groups showed the old-new frontal negativity (300–500 ms, FN400), sleep-deprived participants additionally showed an old-new parietal, Late Positive Component effect (600–1000 ms, LPC). Multivariate whole-brain ERPs analyses further suggested that sleep prioritized neural representation of emotion over memory processing, while they were less distinguishable in the sleep deprivation group.

Conclusions
These data suggested that sleep’s impact on emotional memory and affective responses is time-dependent: sleep preserved memories and affective tones in the short term, while ameliorating affective tones in the long term. Univariate and multivariate EEG analyses revealed different neurocognitive processing of remote, emotional memories between sleep and sleep deprivation groups.
How to Balance the Many Roles of tRNAs During the Creation of New Genetic Codes
Authors: Ellington Andrew , Maranhao Andre , Baldridge Kevin , Tack Drew , Thyer Ross , Contreras Lydia 
Published: June 2021

Transfer RNA is a remarkable molecule, in that it sits at the crossroads between many competing functions, including charging, loading onto the ribosome, interacting with the ribosome for peptide bond formation. In all of these functions, it is competing with other tRNAs of similar shape and function, and must both be efficient in the production of proteins, but also highly specific in decoding the genetic code. For these reasons, tRNA molecules are likely under heavy selection pressure, and engineering them unsurprisingly can lead to large fitness costs for an organism.However, if we are to engineer novel genetic codes to improve the diversity of protein function, it will be essential to seamlessly integrate new tRNAs into these novel genetic codes. To this end, the Ellington lab has undertaken the engineering and directed evolution of tRNA molecules in the context of expanded genetic codes. We will present data on the fitness costs of an expanded 21 amino acid genetic code in which amber codons are decoded as nitrotyrosine, iodotyrosine, or selenocysteine and on the directed evolution of tRNA molecules to better accommodate the encoding of these new amino acids. Surprisingly, the efficient incorporation of the non‐canonical amino acids resulted in a reduction in the production of the tRNAs, and a concomitant catholicism towards modification. These counterintuitive results support the hypothesis that tRNA modifications by and large improve the specificity of protein translation.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Dysregulated bile transporters and impaired tight junctions promote chronic liver injury in mice
Authors: Pradhan Tirthadipa , Vats Ravi , Russell Jacqulyne , Singh Sucha , Watkins Simon , Sundd Prithu , Monga Satdarshan Pal 
Published: June 2021

Liver fibrosis, hepatocellular necrosis, inflammation and proliferation of liver progenitor cells are the hallmarks of chronic liver injury. Several murine models have been used to mimic the pathophysiology of chronic liver injury. However, the underlying differences in the molecular mechanism driving liver injury in different models remains largely unknown due to our inability to visualize the progression of liver injury in vivo in mice. Here, we use intravital imaging of bile transport and blood‐bile barrier integrity in the intact liver of live mice. We show for the first time that breach of blood‐bile barrier and impairment of bile secretion promotes choline‐deficient‐ethionine‐supplemented (CDE) and 3, 5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1, 4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC) diets induced chronic liver injury in mice. The impairment in bile secretion was associated with the disruption of the blood‐bile barrier, differential expression of several tight junction adhesion molecules and loss of bile transporters. Surprisingly, the prolonged use of CDE diet led to reappearance of tight junction adhesion molecules as well as bile transporters, which was concomitant to the reestablishment of blood‐bile barrier integrity and rescue of bile secretion. Our findings demonstrate the potential of intravital imaging in elucidating the underlying pathophysiology in mice models of chronic liver injury and identify the loss of bile transporters or tight junction adhesion molecules as two distinct mechanisms contributing to progression of chronic liver injury.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Janus Kinase 3 modulates the tolerogenic immunology of liver through Kupffer cells.
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Das Jugal K. , Mishra Jayshree 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundJanus kinase 3 (Jak3) is a non‐receptor protein kinase involved in a diverse array of processes like differentiation, development, cell‐growth and hematopoietic signaling cascades. We have previously shown that loss of Jak3 exacerbates symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a murine model of ulcerative colitis. The compromised intestinal barrier functions in ulcerative colitis have been shown to lead to systemic chronic low grade inflammation and subsequent hepatic disease. In this report, we investigated the tissue‐specific role of Jak3 in maintaining hepatic homeostasis during ulcerative colitis.MethodsIn order to test our hypothesis, we used a global Jak3 KO (Jak3−/−) mice model and compared its effect with either the intestinal epithelial specific Jak3 KO (Int Jak3 KO) mice or immune cell specific Jak3 KO (Imm Jak3 KO) mice. These mice were treated with 2.5% 40 kda DSS in our study. The organs were collected at the end of the study period under aseptic conditions and analyzed using a combination of flowcytometric, confocal microscopy, and western analysis techniques.ResultsOur results show increased susceptibility to colitis in DSS‐treated Jak3−/− mice. They also show a high‐degree of association between the disease scores and hepatic inflammation in Imm Jak3 KO mice, indicating a prominent role of hematopoietic Jak3 in maintaining hepatic immunological homeostasis. A differential flowcytometric assay showed an increased influx of monocytes, but reduced differentiation of residential kupffer cells in imm Jak3 KO mice compared to its floxed control during ulcerative colitis. Further, the same group of mice also showed an increased TLR‐4 expression and higher IL‐6, IL‐17 and Tnf‐α as compared to the control mice. Together, these results confirm the lack of Jak3 in immune cells leads to a compromise in the activation of kupffer cells coupled with increased extravasation of the circulating monocytes into the liver. This could lead to liver disease and inflammation in ulcerative colitis. In addition, we also found an increased Th17 effector function and simultaneous suppression of Treg cell proliferation in the absence of immune cell Jak3, when compared to its control mice, on treatment with DSS.ConclusionCollectively, these results indicate that Jak3 plays a major role in regulating the macrophage based tolerogenic immunology of the hepatic system.Support or Funding InformationThis study in part was supported by NIH grant R43GM109528This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Enhancing Anatomy Education Through Student‐led Team Dynamics Initiatives
Authors: Sanky Charles , Fallar Robert , Cruz Mateo , Reidenberg Joy S. , Laitman Jeffrey T. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIn anatomy education, reliance upon fellow classmates and more senior students sharing similar experiences can foster academic success and prepare students for the emotional intensity of cadaver dissection. At the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, the first course, Structures, requires medical students to put collaboration into practice. Because of the emotionally and academically challenging nature of the Structures course, students must rely on their teams and supportive peers for psychosocial wellness and academic success.HypothesisStudent‐led initiatives focusing on team dynamics enhance anatomy education of medical students.MethodsFirst‐year medical students (n=140) participated in a student‐developed and led team dynamics session during orientation week, immediately before Structures began. Students met their teams for the course, collaborated in team activities, and discussed how teams foster psychoemotional well‐being and academic performance. During Structures, second‐year medical students conducted review sessions and debriefed Structures teams regarding their performance. Self‐reported team assessments (n=81) throughout the course and a final course evaluation (n=74) gauged team performance and efficacy of student‐led initiatives.ResultsStudents reported that the orientation session was helpful before the Structures course began, and subsequent course evaluations revealed continued consciousness about the team dynamics they experienced. Team self‐assessments revealed that team dynamics tended to improve from the beginning to the end of the course, especially along domains of conflict resolution (p=0.017) and learning and development (p=0.035). At the end of Structures, most respondents (71/74, 95.95%) expressed feeling more comfortable working as a part of a team.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the importance of student‐led team dynamics initiatives in anatomy education and in encouraging collaboration. This approach toward medical education also holds broad implications for patient safety, quality of care, and health improvement, areas in which collaboration serves a major role. Further investigation correlating academic performance on team practical exams and quality of team collaboration may underscore these findings. Student‐driven curricular enhancements in team dynamics may facilitate fellow students' success in anatomy education and beyond.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.