bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical ApoA‐IV amyloid is associated with fibrillogenic signal sequence
Authors: Canetti Diana , Nocerino Paola , Rendell Nigel B , Botcher Nicola , Gilbertson Janet A , Blanco Angel , Rowczenio Dorota , Morelli Alessandra , Mangione P Patrizia , Corazza Alessandra , Verona Guglielmo , Giorgetti Sofia , Marchese Loredana , Westermark Per , Hawkins Philip N , Gillmore Julian D , Bellotti Vittorio , Taylor Graham W 
Published: July 2021

AbstractApolipoprotein A‐IV amyloidosis is an uncommon form of the disease normally resulting in renal and cardiac dysfunction. ApoA‐IV amyloidosis was identified in 16 patients attending the National Amyloidosis Centre and in eight clinical samples received for histology review. Unexpectedly, proteomics identified the presence of ApoA‐IV signal sequence residues (p.18‐43 to p.20‐43) in 16/24 trypsin‐digested amyloid deposits but in only 1/266 non‐ApoA‐IV amyloid samples examined. These additional signal residues were also detected in the cardiac sample from the Swedish patient in which ApoA‐IV amyloid was first described, and in plasma from a single cardiac ApoA‐IV amyloidosis patient. The most common signal‐containing peptide observed in ApoA‐IV amyloid, p.20‐43, and to a far lesser extent the N‐terminal peptide, p.21‐43, were fibrillogenic in vitro at physiological pH, generating Congo red‐positive fibrils. The addition of a single signal‐derived alanine residue to the N‐terminus has resulted in markedly increased fibrillogenesis. If this effect translates to the mature circulating protein in vivo, then the presence of signal may result in preferential deposition as amyloid, perhaps acting as seed for the main circulating native form of the protein; it may also influence other ApoA‐IV‐associated pathologies. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Prevalence of metachronous contralateral mature ovarian teratoma: A systematic review
Authors: Kiely David , Lewis Carianne , Gray Juliet , Hall Nigel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is increasing recognition that contralateral metachronous tumor may occur following treatment of unilateral mature ovarian teratoma. We aimed to define this risk to guide appropriate surveillance strategies. We undertook a systematic review of three large medical databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register) to April 2020 using a defined search strategy. From 1831 articles retrieved, 23 were included, reporting 1101 girls with unilateral mature ovarian teratomas. The intensity and duration of follow‐up varied between studies, with only five reporting close surveillance. Overall prevalence of metachronous contralateral mature teratoma was 2.1%, with a prevalence per study of 0%–23% (median 0%). Prevalence was higher (7%) among studies with more robust surveillance. These data suggest a small but real risk of metachronous contralateral tumors. Surveillance ultrasonography is proportionate and indicated alongside further prospective data collection to record the natural history and impact of surveillance in greater detail.
Reducing sedated lumbar punctures in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Waters Torin W. , Dickens David S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSedation for lumbar punctures (LPs) in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients has been the standard for decades to reduce pain and anxiety. Recent studies on the potential long‐term neurocognitive effects of cumulative propofol exposure have raised concerns about this practice. The recent pandemic introduced additional burdens to patients, with the requirement of a negative COVID‐19 test prior to each sedated procedure.ProcedureThese factors prompted a quality improvement intervention at our institution where we aimed to reduce postinduction sedated LPs by 50%. Our intervention included patient and family education, followed by a simulation of the procedure for selected patients. Those converted to unsedated LPs were queried for their preference. Comparative cost, clinical time, and LP success rates were collected for sedated and unsedated LPs.ResultsFollowing the intervention, the percentage of LPs performed with sedation dropped from 100% to 48%. All LPs were successful using both techniques. Most patients who experienced the unsedated LP technique, and their guardians, strongly preferred this approach. Unsedated LPs significantly reduced clinical time (169 vs. 83 minutes) for families, decreased expenditures ($5736 reduction per procedure), and improved institutional opportunity cost due to a decrease in last‐minute cancelations.ConclusionWe have shown that it is feasible to significantly reduce the use of sedation for LPs in patients with ALL, which has the potential to improve health and patient experience at a lower cost.
Tensile modulus of clay‐reinforced system supposing the interphase effectiveness for load transferring
Authors: Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, we focus on the minimum interfacial shear modulus (Sc) and interfacial shear modulus (Si) controlling the efficiency of interphase zone in polymer clay nanocomposites, since the stress transferring through interphase section handles the stress bearing of samples. The roles of “Sc” and “Si” in the effective thickness and concentration of interphase zone are clarified. Moreover, a model based on Kolarik system is developed for modulus of clay‐reinforced nanocomposites, which reflects the efficiency of interphase zone. The experimental data of tensile modulus for many samples display good matching with the predictions of the advanced model. Also, all model parameters properly manipulate the nanocomposite's modulus. Thick clay (t > 4 nm) cannot generate the interphase zone in the samples. A poor “Sc,” high “Si,” and thin clay improve the modulus of nanocomposites, but very high “Sc,” extremely poor “Si,” or thick clay cause a poor nanocomposite. A high value of Sc = 0.21 GPa deteriorates the reinforcing efficiency of clay in nanocomposites. Furthermore, low Si < 35 GPa produces a poorer nanocomposite than the polymer matrix. Additionally, complete exfoliation of thin clay (t = 1 nm) causes 900% improvement in the nanocomposite's modulus.
Registration of Clearfield ‘CLM04’ southern medium grain rice
Authors: Esguerra Manuel Q. , Sha Xueyan , Hardke Jarrod T. , Scott Robert C. , Wamishe Yeshi , Bateman Nick , Counce Paul A. , Roberts Trenton L. , Beaty Bryan A. , Bulloch Jill M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract‘CLM04’ (Reg. no. CV‐155, PI 692953) is a high‐yielding, early‐maturing, and short‐stature Clearfield (BASF Corporation) medium‐grain rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar developed by the University of Arkansas Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) in Stuttgart, AR, and approved for release by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture Experimental Station in January 2019. It was derived from the cross ‘RU1202168'/‘Jupiter’ made at RREC in spring 2013 and advanced as F4 bulk of a single progeny row 14P54617 at the RREC in summer 2014. From 2015 to 2019, CLM04 was evaluated in 51 statewide and regional replicated trials. The Clearfield medium‐grain cultivar ‘CL272’ as well as conventional medium‐grain cultivars ‘Jupiter’ and ‘Titan’ served as checks. Grain yield of CLM04 was 9.58 Mg ha−1 compared with 9.17 Mg ha−1 for CL272, 9.97 Mg ha−1 for Jupiter, and 10.15 Mg ha−1 for Titan. CLM04 has an average height of 107 cm which is 10, 9, and 5 cm taller than Jupiter, Titan, and CL272, respectively. CLM04 reached 50% heading 5 d later than Titan at 87 d from emergence, which is similar to CL272 and Jupiter, which mature at 85 and 87 d, respectively. CLM04 is moderately resistant to leaf blast and susceptible to sheath blight, bacterial panicle blight, kernel smut, and false smut.
Synthesis and properties of 3,4‐dioxythiophene and 1,4‐dialkoxybenzene based copolymers via direct CH arylation: Dopant‐free hole transport material for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Mishra Anamika , Gupta Sonal , Patra Asit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDirect CH arylation coupling reaction has gained significant importance in synthesis of conjugated polymers for organic electronic applications. We report here a facile and straightforward method called “direct CH arylation” reaction to synthesize conjugated 3,4‐dioxythiophene and 1,4‐dialkoxybenzene based copolymers as hole transport material (HTM) for perovskite solar cells. Two electron‐rich conjugated polymers P1‐2 were synthesized, in which 1,4‐dibromo‐2,5‐bis(dodecyloxy)benzene and 3,4‐dialkoxy‐thiophene units were used for polymerization. The resulting polymers were characterized and exhibited high solubility in organic solvents. Electrochemical and optical characterizations were carried out by cyclic voltammetry and UV–Vis–NIR absorption spectroscopy and found that these polymers show higher‐lying HOMO energy levels with wide band gap. Density functional theory calculation was performed on these polymers (P1‐2) and correlated with our experimental results. Finally, perovskite solar cells were fabricated by solution‐processable deposition of P1‐2 as dopant‐free HTM with device geometry ITO/SnO2/Perovskite/HTM(P1/P2)/Ag and achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 5.28%. This study provides information on designing and simple preparation by direct CH arylation reaction of higher‐lying HOMO energy level polymer as HTM for perovskite solar cells.
GroEL protein from the potential biocontrol agent Rhodopseudomonas palustris enhances resistance to rice blast disease
Authors: Wu Xiyang , Chen Yue , Li Chenggang , Zhang Xin , Tan Xinqiu , Lv Liang , Liu Yong , Zhang Deyong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDGroEL, which is a chaperone, plays a key role in maintaining protein homeostasis and, among other functions, serves to prevent protein misfolding and aggregation. In addition, the GroEL protein also has a significant effect on enhancing plant resistance and inhibiting plant diseases. However, the function of the GroEL protein in the inhibition of rice blast remains unknown.RESULTSField experiment results show that photosynthetic bacteria PSB‐06 have a good control effect on Magnaporthe oryzae. PSB‐06 also can promote rice growth and enhance stress resistance. A GroEL protein which was separated and purified from photosynthetic bacteria had a significant antagonistic effect on appressorial formation and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae, meanwhile transcriptional analysis demonstrated that the GroEL protein could improve the expression of defense gene of rice.CONCLUSIONOur results show that the photosynthetic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas palustris significantly controls rice blast disease. Its action involves an extracellular GroEL protein, which inhibits appressoria formation, antagonizes the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae and promotes a host defense response. The research results provide evidence of the potential of this photosynthetic bacterium as a biocontrol agent at least for rice blast control. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Multilevel approach to the initial guess for self‐consistent field calculations
Authors: Hégely Bence , Kállay Mihály 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new multilevel approach is presented to the initial guess for self‐consistent field (SCF) calculations, which combines the superposition of atomic densities (SAD) procedure and the density matrix of a semi‐empirical quantum mechanics (SQM) calculation through projection. The proposed initial guess method produces a polarized, spin‐specific initial density, while its computational costs are a few orders of magnitude lower than the expenses of a scheme that projects the density matrix of a standard quantum chemical calculation utilizing a minimal AO basis set (pMIN). The projected SQM density‐based (pSQM) technique is thoroughly tested using the GFN2‐xTB approach, and its efficiency and reliability are compared with those of the standard SAD and density matrix projection techniques. The results indicate that the calculations using the pSQM scheme require somewhat fewer SCF iteration steps compared with the SAD method, however, the SAD, the pSQM, and the pMIN techniques have similar performance.
Stability of time‐varying systems with delayed impulsive effects
Authors: Zhang Wenbing , Tang Yang , Zheng Weixing , Liu Yurong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the global uniform exponential stability problem of linear time‐varying systems with delayed impulsive effects. Two cases are considered: in the first case, the impulse‐free system is uniformly asymptotically stable and in the second case, the impulse‐free system may not be uniformly asymptotically stable. When the impulse‐free system is uniformly asymptotically stable, by the virtue of a uniformly asymptotically stable function, Lyapunov‐based sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the uniform exponential stability of linear time‐varying systems, where destabilizing and stabilizing impulses are considered, respectively. Different from existing results, the Lyapunov function is not assumed to decrease all the time and it is shown that under some conditions, the delayed impulsive effects are stabilizing. For the case that the impulse‐free system is not uniformly asymptotically stable, a time‐varying function is used to characterize the upper bound on the derivative of the Lyapunov function, and it is illustrated that the linear time‐varying systems can be stabilized by the delayed impulsive effects. Moreover, it is also shown that the impulsive input delay‐dependent criteria are less conservative than the delay‐independent ones when the impulsive input delay is small. Some examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
Soil development and mineral transformations along a one‐million‐year chronosequence on the Galápagos Islands
Authors: Candra I Nyoman , Gerzabek Martin H. , Ottner Franz , Wriessnig Karin , Tintner Johannes , Schmidt Greta , Rechberger Maria V. , Rampazzo Nicola , Zehetner Franz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Galápagos archipelago is a well‐suited model ecosystem for investigating soil evolution. Here, we study mineral transformations and pedogenesis of the volcanic soils of Galápagos in response to weathering duration (1,500–1,070,000 yr) and climate (humid vs. dry). Our results show that soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic C content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and water retention decreased whereas clay content and bulk density increased with soil age under humid climate. Andic properties were expressed in soils ≤4,300 yr old, but disappeared relatively early in pedogenesis and were absent in soils ≥26,000 yr old. The clay fraction of the young andic soils (≤4,300 yr old) was dominated by allophane and ferrihydrite. After 26,000 yr of pedogenesis, illitic–vermiculitic phases were predominant, and in the older soils (≥166,000 yr old), kaolinite, hematite, and gibbsite prevailed. The sequence of soil orders from the youngest to the second oldest site was Histosol–Andisol–Alfisol (vermiculitic)–Alfisol (parasesquic)–Ultisol. The oldest soil of the humid chronosequence (1,070,000 yr old) met all diagnostic criteria for an Oxisol except for the required low CEC. The soils at two dry comparison sites were less developed with low clay contents and vitric materials at 26,000 yr of age (Entisol), and dominantly smectitic clay mineralogy and pronounced shrink–swell features at 813,000 yr of age (Vertisol). Our results highlight a rapid transition through the Andisol stage during early pedogenesis as well as strongly divergent pedogenic development in humid vs. dry zones of the Galápagos Islands, both of which have important bearings on soil functioning and ecosystem evolution on this unique archipelago.
Conversion‐Alloying Anode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Fang Libin , Bahlawane Naoufal , Sun Wenping , Pan Hongge , Xu Ben Bin , Yan Mi , Jiang Yinzhu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed a rapidly growing interest toward sodium ion battery (SIB) for large‐scale energy storage in view of the abundance and easy accessibility of sodium resources. Key to addressing the remaining challenges and setbacks and to translate lab science into commercializable products is the development of high‐performance anode materials. Anode materials featuring combined conversion and alloying mechanisms are one of the most attractive candidates, due to their high theoretical capacities and relatively low working voltages. The current understanding of sodium‐storage mechanisms in conversion‐alloying anode materials is presented here. The challenges faced by these materials in SIBs, and the corresponding improvement strategies, are comprehensively discussed in correlation with the resulting electrochemical behavior. Finally, with the guidance and perspectives, a roadmap toward the development of advanced conversion‐alloying materials for commercializable SIBs is created.
Realization of Large Scale, 2D van der Waals Heterojunction of SnS2/SnS by Reversible Sulfurization
Authors: Li Shuhui , Wang Yu , Cheng Peng , Feng Baojie , Chen Lan , Wu Kehui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract2D van der Waals heterojunction provides an attractive opportunity for realizing novel electronic or optoelectronic devices. It remains challenging to realize high‐quality heterostructures through scalable methods such as molecular epitaxy growth (MBE). Here, growth of few‐layer SnS thin films is reported on mica and Nb‐doped SrTiO3(100) substrates by MBE. Then the top layer of SnS film is uniformly sulfurized to monolayer SnS2 in a sulfur atmosphere, resulting in a high‐quality SnS2/SnS 2D heterojunction. Furthermore, the SnS2 layer can be recovered to SnS by annealing SnS2/SnS without sulfur supply, indicating the heterojunction formation is reversible. The scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements on SnS2/SnS heterostructure indicate the type‐II band alignment in SnS2/SnS. The work provides a promising approach to construct artificial 2D heterojunctions with desired properties, which could be extended to other sulfide and selenide systems.
Unprecedented Self‐Healing Effect of Li6PS5Cl‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Battery
Authors: Zheng Chao , Zhang Jun , Xia Yang , Huang Hui , Gan Yongping , Liang Chu , He Xinping , Tao Xinyong , Zhang Wenkui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractArgyrodite Li6PS5Cl with high Li+ conductivity is a promising material for solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). However, the narrow electrochemical window of Li6PS5Cl limits its applications in ASSLBs with high energy densities, and those that consist of high‐voltage cathode materials and metallic lithium anodes. Unstable lithium deposition and stripping at interfaces is also a factor that restricts its industrialization. Herein, the authors investigated the electrochemical stability of Li6PS5Cl using it as both the cathode and electrolyte. The Li6PS5Cl‐C/Li6PS5Cl/Li cell and symmetric Li/Li6PS5Cl/Li cells failed after a certain number of cycles, and subsequently healed electrochemically. This failure/healing phenomenon recurred during the cycling process. The self‐healing behavior is closely related to the electrochemical window, which suggests that it can be controlled by the charge–discharge voltage range. In‐depth X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in situ Raman spectroscopy, and in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed the reversible Li6PS5Cl decomposition and metallic lithium growth inside the electrolyte during the cycling process. This self‐healing behavior is mainly attributed to the reciprocating lithium growth and reversible redox reaction of the Li6PS5Cl decomposition. The proposed self‐healing mechanism is a key aspect for sulfide‐based SSEs, guiding the interface modification, and material design of ASSLBs.
Integrated Design of Interlayer/Current‐Collector: Heteronanowires Decorated Carbon Microtube Fabric for High‐Loading and Lean‐Electrolyte Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Narui , Yu Lihong , Xi Jingyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLow sulfur loading, high electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio, and sluggish sulfur redox reaction are the main challenges that severely impede the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). To address these problems, a self‐standing hollow carbonized cotton cloth (CCC) decorated with TiO2‐TiN heteronanowires (CCC@TiO2‐TiN) is proposed to replace the traditional cathode. Concretely, one side of CCC@TiO2‐TiN serves as a current‐collector to load sulfur (CCC@TiO2‐TiN/S), while the other side facing the separator acts as interlayer to inhibit shuttle effect. This advanced intergrated interlayer/current‐collector cathode is endowed with excellent 3D electron/ion transportation, a strong confinement barrier, and vast sulfur loading sites. Moreover, the as‐developed TiO2‐TiN heteronanowires work as in situ capture and catalysis sites for the reversible and accelerated sulfur redox reaction. Therefore, the intergrated cathode of CCC@TiO2‐TiN/S achieves an ultrahigh sulfur loading of 13 mg cm−2 and delivers a superb areal capacity of 9.09 mAh cm−2 under the ultralow E/S ratio of 4.6 µL mg−1. This work provides a new model material to achieve high sulfur loading and lean‐electrolyte toward the practical LSBs with high specific energy density.
Revisiting Reading Buddies to Support Multilingual Learners and Their Peers
Authors: Silverman Rebecca D. , Martin‐Beltrán Melinda , Peercy Megan M. , Taylor Karen S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, we report on a cross‐age peer learning program, the Martha's True Stories Reading Buddies program, focused on supporting the vocabulary and comprehension of multilingual learners and their peers in elementary school. We describe the principles of the program and provide information about our evaluation of the program. Then, we share a few recommendations for teachers who may consider implementing such a program in their contexts.
Examining the effects of the Medicaid expansion on health outcomes
Authors: Kim Andrew , Zhao Liang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe study looks at the effects of the Medicaid expansion on health outcomes, healthcare utilization and access to healthcare through the Center of Disease Control's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. In particular, we looked into whether Medicaid Expansion has caused an increase in healthcare access, healthcare utilization, and positive health outcomes among newly insured Medicaid patients. We applied the difference‐in difference models to cholesterol check, health plan, and medical cost. Our results indicated evidence a positive effect associated with state Medicaid expansions for adults and the utilization of preventive care increased in expansion states after the Medicaid expansion as more Medicaid recipients received blood pressure checks and regular primary care checkups relative to the nonexpansion states.
Analysing Linear Spatial Relationships: The Measures of Connectivity, Integration, and Choice
Authors: van Nes Akkelies , Yamu Claudia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we first explain the concept of an axial line and how the axial map is applied in space syntax. We then discuss the static measure of ‘connectivity’ with its ‘one-step’ to ‘n-step’ logic, including its meaning for axialintegration analysis. We further present the segment integration analysis. Using the streetsegment as the basis for analysis allows one to apply three types of distances and three types of radii in space syntax. We then present the most-often used space syntax measures in more depth, namely angularchoice and angular integrationwith metric radius, and introduce the mathematical formulae on how to normalise both measures. Real-life applications illustrate and underpin the usefulness of these measures and their meaning for urban analysis, such as why and how they allow us to identify urban societal processes and their added value at both a citywidescale and a neighbourhoodscale. Finally, we critically reflect on the measures, including their potentials and misfits. Exercises are provided at the end of the chapter.