bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanostructuring Germanium Nanowires by In Situ TEM Ion Irradiation
Authors: Camara Osmane , Mir Anamul H. , Dzieciol Krzysztof , Greaves Graeme , Basak Shibabrata , Kungl Hans , Bosi Matteo , Seravalli Luca , Donnelly Steve E. , Eichel Rüdiger A. , Hinks Jonathan A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOnce nanomaterials have been synthesized, inducing further structural modifications is challenging. However, being able to do so in a controlled manner is crucial. In this context, germanium nanowires are irradiated in situ within a transmission electron microscope (TEM) by a 300 keV xenon ion beam at temperatures ranging from room temperature (RT) to 500 °C. The ion irradiation is performed in situ and the evolution of nanowires during irradiation is monitored. At 300 °C and below, where the temperature is low enough to allow amorphization, the ion beam causes the formation of nanostructures within the nanowires. Formation of nanopores and swelling of nanowires is observed for a very low fluence of 2.2 × 1014 and up to 4.2 × 1015 ions cm−2. At higher fluences, the thickness of the nanowires decreases, the nanowires lose their wire‐like cylindrical shape and the nanostructuring caused by the ion beam becomes more complex. The nanostructures are observed to be stable upon crystallization when the nanowires are annealed at 530 °C. Furthermore, in situ imaging allows the growth of nanopores during irradiation to be followed at RT and at 300 °C providing valuable insights into the mechanism responsible for the nanostructuring.
Construction of GQDs‐Decorated Ultrathin Bi2WO6 Nanosheets Hydrogel: a Recyclable‐Flexible Platform with Excellent Piezo‐Photocatalytic Activity for High‐Performance Water Decontamination and its Theoretical Interpretation
Authors: Wei Ziye , Gao Hongzhi , Fu Guoshuai , Yang Guowei , Li Jiling , Liu Pu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is demonstrated that, by using the electronic reconstruction of ultrathin Bi2WO6 (BWO) nanosheets with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) upon a unique process of laser irradiation in liquid (LAL), a kind of GQDs modified BWO nanosheets under metastable state were synthesized, which performed excellent visible‐light piezo‐photocatalytic organics degradation. Furthermore, using commercial cpolyacrylamids (PAM) as the additional materials, a kind of electronic reconstruction GQDs‐BWO nanosheets hydrogel was achieved by dispersed the functionalized powders into a super absorbent polymers (SAPs) system upon in situ polymerization method, which showed that it is a bracing idea to use SAPs for water decontamination reactors to enable full use of vibration energy synergistic with light of nature to driven pollution degradation. First‐principles calculation was also simultanously performed in this study. This study may provide a new enlightenment on fabricating novel 2D nanomaterials hydrogel for efficient effluent purification and potentially other environmental or energy applications.
Current physiotherapy practice on delivering treatments for older people with dementia in Indonesia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sari Yulisna Mutia , Burton Elissa , Lee Den‐Ching A. , Hill Keith D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of the study were to i) explore the current practice, roles, and perceptions of physiotherapists who treat older people with and without dementia in Indonesia, ii) identify the characteristics of physiotherapists associated with treating older people and older people with dementia, and iii) identify the level of knowledge and attitudes about dementia among physiotherapists treating people with dementia in Indonesia.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study in which registered physiotherapists in Indonesia were surveyed online using Qualtrics. Descriptive statistics, linear regression and univariate logistic regression were used in this study. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to identify the characteristics of physiotherapists associated with treating older people and/or people with dementia. The Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS) was used to assess level of knowledge and attitudes about dementia. Qualitative data from the survey were analyzed using thematic content analysis.ResultsThe online survey was sent to 6327 physiotherapists who met the inclusion criteria and 1061 (16.8%) returned the survey. Eight hundred and eighty‐four (83.3%) respondents worked with older patients, and 632 (59.6%) worked with people with dementia. The multiple regression analysis showed that physiotherapists who have been practicing for longer (years) (OR: 1.0, 95%CI: 1.0–1.1, p ≤ 0.001) and were working in a geriatrics area (OR: 3.0, 95%CI: 1.4–6.5, p = 0.005) were more likely to treat older people with dementia. The DKAS mean score (SD) was 32.1 (±5.1)/50 indicating some limitations in dementia knowledge by respondents, and 62% of physiotherapists reported low levels of confidence in treating older people with dementia.ConclusionsThe relatively low dementia knowledge, and generally low confidence in treating people with dementia among Indonesian physiotherapists were important findings in this study. This study highlights opportunities for improvement in physiotherapist's knowledge and skills in this emerging area of practice in Indonesia.
A comparison of robotic versus laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: Propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Kwon Jaewoo , Lee Jae Hoon , Park Seo Young , Park Yejong , Lee Woohyung , Song Ki Byung , Hwang Dae Wook , Kim Song Cheol 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the perioperative and pathologic outcomes of robotic distal pancreatectomy compared with a laparoscopic approach.MethodsA total of 121 robotic distal pancreatectomies and 992 laparoscopic distal pancreatectomies were retrospectively evaluated, comparing the demographic, perioperative and pathologic outcomes. After 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM) with 11 demographic variables, the factors were analysed again.ResultsFollowing PSM, 104 robotic distal pancreatectomy patients were compared with 208 laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy patients. The operation time and proportion of spleen preservation were not different between the groups. The rates of open conversion were lower, whereas the hospital costs were higher in the robotic group. Other perioperative outcomes and pathologic factors did not differ between the groups.ConclusionsAlthough robotic distal pancreatectomy is more expensive, this operation is feasible, with a higher probability of proceeding with the planned operation and with low open conversion rate.
Distributed fault‐tolerant time‐varying formation control of heterogeneous multi‐agent systems
Authors: Ren Yi , Zhang Ke , Jiang Bin , Cheng Wanglei , Ding Yong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the cooperative time‐varying formation control for heterogeneous multi‐agent systems (HMASs) with unknown actuator faults and external disturbances. The HMASs consist of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). In order to overcome the difficulty of coordinated control caused by the different structures of UAVs and UGVs, the comprehensive dynamics models of HMASs are derived, of which the model uncertainties as well as actuator faults and external disturbances of the models are considered. Subsequently, combining the radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) with adaptive technology and boundary layer theory, a distributed fault‐tolerant time‐varying formation control method is designed. The proposed control method is totally distributed. Finally, the effectiveness of the controller is verified by several simulations.
Nitrogen/Sulfur Co‐Doped Carbon Dots for Enhancing Anti‐Corrosion Performance of Mg Alloy in NaCl Solution
Authors: Pan Liang , Li Guoxi , Wang Zhaoyang , Liu Dongbao , Zhu Weikang , Zhu Rilong , Hu Shilin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo reduce the corrosion of Mg alloy, an environment‐friendly Nitrogen/Sulfur co‐doped carbon dots (N/S‐CDs) was prepared using thiourea and 4‐amino salicylic acid as precursors. The corrosion inhibition behavior of N/S‐CDs for Mg alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was systematically investigated by electrochemical measurements. The results shown that N/S‐CDs could suppress the corrosion of Mg alloy and the inhibition efficiency reached 86.6 % at 50 mg L−1. The low energy gap (0.156 eV) and high dipole moment (11.19 D) indicated that N/S‐CDs has a strong chemical adsorption on Mg by quantum chemistry calculation. Meanwhile, the adsorption process is conformed to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, belonging to the physical/chemical mixed adsorption.
A systematic mapping study on the employment of neural networks on software engineering projects: Where to go next?
Authors: dos Santos Rodrigo Augusto , Vieira Darli , Bravo Alencar , Suzuki Larissa , Qudah Fadiah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeep learning has recently experienced explosive growth in use, largely due to advances in neural networks and the availability of large corpora of domain data. Project management activities generate and handle large volumes of data. Software engineering closely relates to project management, so software engineering projects must be prone to the use of neural networks. We seek to obtain an accurate vision of how neural networks are being used in software engineering projects through a systematic mapping study. We confirm that neural networks have already made their way into these projects; however, we show that their current uses are limited to certain repetitive and legacy tasks. Given uncovered ample room for expansion, we point out a few directions the industry and academy can lean toward to in the next years for taking better advantage of neural networks in software engineering projects and immediately advancing the field. We investigate if, how, and to what extent have neural networks been employed to the advancement of software engineering projects. As such, a systematic mapping study was conducted, which led to the conclusion that even though these algorithms have indeed been employed on several software engineering tasks, this employment so far has been shy, mostly relying on legacy types of neural networks. More modern variants, namely, deep learning algorithms, are slowly gaining momentum and should be the trend going forward.
Synthetic cells in biomedical applications
Authors: Sato Wakana , Zajkowski Tomasz , Moser Felix , Adamala Katarzyna P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSynthetic cells are engineered vesicles that can mimic one or more salient features of life. These features include directed localization, sense‐and‐respond behavior, gene expression, metabolism, and high stability. In nanomedicine, many of these features are desirable capabilities of drug delivery vehicles but are difficult to engineer. In this focus article, we discuss where synthetic cells offer unique advantages over nanoparticle and living cell therapies. We review progress in the engineering of the above life‐like behaviors and how they are deployed in nanomedicine. Finally, we assess key challenges synthetic cells face before being deployed as drugs and suggest ways to overcome these challenges.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid‐Based Structures
Multimodality: Art as a Meaning-Making Process
Authors: Lähdesmäki Tuuli , Baranova Jūratė , Ylönen Susanne C. , Koistinen Aino-Kaisa , Mäkinen Katja , Juškiene Vaiva , Zaleskiene Irena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe authors of the book see multimodality as intrinsic to human communication and texts, and as consisting of a multiplicity of signs. This chapter discusses how this applies in educational settings, to examine how different modes of communication are intertwined and utilized in learning, including children’s creative learning practices. In this, the authors use the semiotic concepts that operate in all communicative contexts: Field, tenor, and mode. Through them, the authors view the CLLP as a space that enables social activities, exploration of cultural, social, and societal contents and topics, and the development of social relationships. All this occurs through various communication channels, ranging from linguistic to visual and from auditive to performative expression.
Belonging and Home
Authors: Lähdesmäki Tuuli , Baranova Jūratė , Ylönen Susanne C. , Koistinen Aino-Kaisa , Mäkinen Katja , Juškiene Vaiva , Zaleskiene Irena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, the authors discuss artifacts in which children explore belonging and home. The chapter defines the sense of belonging as a core feature of humanity and living together. The feeling of having a home and being at home is both an intimate and a socially shared aspect of belonging. The children expressed belonging to a wide range of spaces in their artifacts. This spatial span extends from macro to micro scale and indicates belonging based on spaces, social relations, and materiality. Even very young children can see and depict their belonging as multiple and including spatial and social dimensions. The analyzed artifacts reveal both concrete and symbolic approaches to belonging and home.
Inhibition of the hERG potassium channel by phenanthrene: a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant
Authors: Al-Moubarak Ehab , Shiels Holly A. , Zhang Yihong , Du Chunyun , Hanington Oliver , Harmer Stephen C. , Dempsey Christopher E. , Hancox Jules C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe lipophilic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) phenanthrene is relatively abundant in polluted air and water and can access and accumulate in human tissue. Phenanthrene has been reported to interact with cardiac ion channels in several fish species. This study was undertaken to investigate the ability of phenanthrene to interact with hERG (human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene) encoded Kv11.1 K+ channels, which play a central role in human ventricular repolarization. Pharmacological inhibition of hERG can be proarrhythmic. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of hERG current (IhERG) were made from HEK293 cells expressing wild-type (WT) and mutant hERG channels. WT IhERG1a was inhibited by phenanthrene with an IC50 of 17.6 ± 1.7 µM, whilst IhERG1a/1b exhibited an IC50 of 1.8 ± 0.3 µM. WT IhERG block showed marked voltage and time dependence, indicative of dependence of inhibition on channel gating. The inhibitory effect of phenanthrene was markedly impaired by the attenuated inactivation N588K mutation. Remarkably, mutations of S6 domain aromatic amino acids (Y652, F656) in the canonical drug binding site did not impair the inhibitory action of phenanthrene; the Y652A mutation augmented IhERG block. In contrast, the F557L (S5) and M651A (S6) mutations impaired the ability of phenanthrene to inhibit IhERG, as did the S624A mutation below the selectivity filter region. Computational docking using a cryo-EM derived hERG structure supported the mutagenesis data. Thus, phenanthrene acts as an inhibitor of the hERG K+ channel by directly interacting with the channel, binding to a distinct site in the channel pore domain.
Differences Between Robin and Neumann Eigenvalues
Authors: Rudnick Zeév , Wigman Igor , Yesha Nadav 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLet $$\Omega {\subset } {\mathbb {R}}^2$$

Ω
⊂

R

2

be a bounded planar domain, with piecewise smooth boundary $$\partial \Omega $$

∂
Ω

. For $$\sigma >0$$

σ
>
0

, we consider the Robin boundary value problem $$\begin{aligned} -\Delta f =\lambda f, \qquad \frac{\partial f}{\partial n} + \sigma f = 0 \text{ on } \partial \Omega \end{aligned}$$

-
Δ
f
=
λ
f
,

∂
f

∂
n

+
σ
f
=
0

on

∂
Ω

where $$ \frac{\partial f}{\partial n} $$

∂
f

∂
n

is the derivative in the direction of the outward pointing normal to $$\partial \Omega $$

∂
Ω

. Let $$0<\lambda ^\sigma _0\le \lambda ^\sigma _1\le \ldots $$

0
<

λ
0
σ

≤

λ
1
σ

≤
…

be the corresponding eigenvalues. The purpose of this paper is to study the Robin–Neumann gaps $$\begin{aligned} d_n(\sigma ):=\lambda _n^\sigma -\lambda _n^0 . \end{aligned}$$

d
n

(
σ
)

:
=

λ
n
σ

-

λ
n
0

.

For a wide class of planar domains we show that there is a limiting mean value, equal to $$2{\text {length}}(\partial \Omega )/{\text {area}}(\Omega )\cdot \sigma $$

2
length
(
∂
Ω
)
/
area
(
Ω
)
·
σ

and in the smooth case, give an upper bound of $$d_n(\sigma )\le C(\Omega ) n^{1/3}\sigma $$

d
n

(
σ
)

≤
C

(
Ω
)

n

1
/
3

σ

and a uniform lower bound. For ergodic billiards we show that along a density-one subsequence, the gaps converge to the mean value. We obtain further properties for rectangles, where we have a uniform upper bound, and for disks, where we improve the general upper bound.
Prospective analysis of clinically significant prostate cancer detection with [18F]DCFPyL PET/MRI compared to multiparametric MRI: a comparison with the histopathology in the radical prostatectomy specimen, the ProStaPET study
Authors: Bodar Yves J. L. , Zwezerijnen Ben G. J. C. , van der Voorn Patrick J. , Jansen Bernard H. E. , Smit Ruth S. , Kol Sabrine Q. , Meijer Dennie , de Bie Katelijne , Yaqub Maqsood , Windhorst Bert A. D. , Hendrikse Harry N. H. , Vis André N. , Oprea-Lager Daniela E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is a well-established imaging method for localizing primary prostate cancer (PCa) and for guiding targeted prostate biopsies. [18F]DCFPyL positron emission tomography combined with MRI (PSMA-PET/MRI) might be of additional value to localize primary PCa. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of [18F]DCFPyL-PET/MRI vs. mpMRI in tumour localization based on histopathology after robot-assisted radical-prostatectomy (RARP), also assessing biopsy advice for potential image-guided prostate biopsies.

Methods
Thirty prospectively included patients with intermediate to high-risk PCa underwent [18F]DCFPyL-PET/MRI and mpMRI prior to RARP. Two nuclear medicine physicians and two radiologists assessed tumour localization on [18F]DCFPyL-PET/MRI and on mpMRI respectively, and gave a prostate biopsy advice (2 segments) using a 14-segment model of the prostate. The uro-pathologist evaluated the RARP specimen for clinically significant PCa (csPCa) using the same model. csPCa was defined as any PCa with Grade Group (GG) ≥ 2. The biopsy advice based on imaging was correlated with the final histology in the RARP specimen for a total-agreement analysis. An additional near-agreement correlation was performed to approximate clinical reality.

Results
Overall, 142 of 420 (33.8%) segments contained csPCa after pathologic examination. The segments recommended for targeted biopsy contained the highest GG PCa segment in 27/30 patients (90.0%) both for [18F]DCFPyL-PET/MRI and mpMRI. Areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for the total-agreement detection of csPCa per segment using [18F]DCFPyL-PET/MRI were 0.70, 50.0%, 89.9%, 71.7%, and 77.9%, respectively. These results were 0.75, 54.2%, 94.2%, 82.8%, and 80.1%, respectively, for mpMRI only.

Conclusion
Both [18F]DCFPyL-PET/MRI and mpMRI were only partly able to detect csPCa on a per-segment basis. An accurate detection (90.0%) of the highest GG lesion at patient-level was observed when comparing both [18F]DCFPyL-PET/MRI and mpMRI biopsy advice with the histopathology in the RARP specimen. So, despite the finding that [18F]DCFPyL-PET/MRI adequately detects csPCa, it does not outperform mpMRI.
A dynamic and thermodynamic coupling view of the linkages between Eurasian cooling and Arctic warming
Authors: Xie Yongkun , Wu Guoxiong , Liu Yimin , Huang Jianping , Nie Hanbin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInvestigating the contrast between wintertime warming in the Arctic and cooling in Eurasia is of great importance for understanding regional climate change. In this study, we propose a dynamic and thermodynamic coupling view of the linkages between wintertime Arctic warming and Eurasian cooling since 1979. The key factors are the energy budget at the Earth’s surface, the diabatic heating and baroclinicity of the atmosphere, and subsurface ocean heat. A summertime origin of wintertime Arctic warming suggests a partial driving role of the Arctic in wintertime Eurasian cooling. The reasons for this finding are as follows. First, there is a dipole pattern in the diabatic heating change in winter over the Arctic Ocean corresponding to the anticyclonic circulation that links Eurasian cooling and Arctic warming. Second, the change in diabatic heating of the atmosphere is determined by sensible heat at the Earth’s surface through vertical diffusion. Third, the positive sensible heat change in the eastern Arctic sector in winter originates from the summertime enhanced absorption of solar radiation by the subsurface ocean over the sea ice loss region. Meanwhile, the negative sensible heat change in the western Arctic sector and wide Arctic warming can be explained by the circulation development triggered by the change in the east. Additionally, the background strong baroclinicity of the atmosphere in mid-high latitudes and corresponding two-way Arctic and mid-latitude interactions are necessary for circulation development in winter. Furthermore, the seasonality of the changes indicates that Eurasian cooling occurs only in winter because the diabatic heating change in the Arctic is strongest in winter. Overall, the comprehensive mechanisms from the summertime Earth’s surface and subsurface ocean to the wintertime atmosphere suggest a driving role of the Arctic. Note that the situation in interannual variability is more complex than the overall trend because the persistence of the influence of summertime sea ice is weakly established in terms of interannual variability.
Steigende Grundwasserspiegel als Herausforderung für zukünftiges Grundwassermanagement in alpinen Tälern
Authors: Kessler Timo , Marschallinger Robert , Höfer-Öllinger Giorgio 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungIn einigen alpinen Gemeinden in Österreich sind die lokalen Grundwasserspiegel in den letzten Jahrzehnten auf kritische Niveaus angestiegen. Einerseits werden die Flächenversiegelung, der Wegfall von Retentionsräumen und die lokale Versickerung von Niederschlagswasser als Gründe für diese Entwicklung gesehen. Andererseits unterliegen Grundwasserressourcen dem Klimawandel, der sich örtlich mit variabler Grundwasserneubildung durch extreme Niederschlagsereignisse oder starke Schneeschmelze bemerkbar macht. In diesem Beitrag wird anhand einer Modellierungsstudie die Sensitivität eines lokalen, oberflächennahen Grundwasserleiters in Bezug auf naturräumliche, klimatische und anthropogene Entwicklungen analysiert. Es zeigt sich, dass eine unkontrollierte Interaktion von Oberflächengewässern maßgeblich und langfristig in den Grundwasserhaushalt eingreifen kann. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn die Transferrate von Oberflächengewässern durch hydraulische Maßnahmen (Drainagen, Dichtwände, Sohlabdichtungen) oder natürliche Phänomene wie Hochwasser verändert wird. Die Studie verfolgt das Ziel, multiple Einflussfaktoren auf alpines Grundwassermanagement zu untersuchen und im Hinblick auf mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungen zu bewerten.