bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The methodological challenge in high‐throughput profiling and quantifying microRNAs
Authors: Chai Mengya , Xiong Xueyang , Wang Huimin , Xu Lida 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in various biological processes and signaling pathways through the regulation of gene expression and genome stability. Recent data indicated that the next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based high‐throughput quantification of miRNAs from biofluids provided exciting possibilities for discovering biomarkers of various diseases and might help promote the development of the early diagnosis of cancer. However, the complex process of library construction for sequencing always introduces bias, which may twist the actual expression levels of miRNAs and reach misleading conclusions.ResultsWe discussed the deviation issue in each step during constructing miRNA sequencing libraries and suggested many strategies to generate high‐quality data by avoiding or minimizing bias. For example, improvement of adapter design (a blocking element away from the ligation end, a randomized fragment adjacent to the ligation junction and UMI) and optimization of ligation conditions (a high concentration of PEG 8000, reasonable incubation temperature and time, and the selection of ligase) in adapter ligation, high‐quality input RNA samples, removal of adapter dimer (solid phase reverse immobilization (SPRI) magnetic bead, locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligonucleotide, and Phi29 DNA polymerase), PCR (linear amplification, touch‐down PCR), and product purification are essential factors for achieving high‐quality sequencing data. Moreover, we described several protocols that exhibit significant advantages using combinatorial optimization and commercially available low‐input miRNA library preparation kits.ConclusionsOverall, our work provides the basis for unbiased high‐throughput quantification of miRNAs. These data will help achieve optimal design involving miRNA profiling and provide reliable guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment by significantly increasing the credibility of potential biomarkers.
Evaluation of different extraction techniques for the assay of anti - acetylcholinesterase activity of olive leaves (Olea europaea)
Authors: Khizrieva S. S. , Borisenko S. N. , Maksimenko E. V. , Borisenko N. I. 
Published: November 2021

The total phenol content and the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity were compared in olive leaf (OL) extracts obtained using both subcritical water extraction (SbWE) and conventional solvent extraction (ethanol-water). The method proposed by Ellman (in vitro) was used to study the inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The total content of phenolic compounds and AChE activities of OL extracts varied depending on the used extraction method. Thus, the extract obtained using the subcritical water technique (220 °C) showed the highest amounts of total phenolic components, expressed as gallic acid equivalents, (70.4 mg/g raw material) and the highest inhibitory AChE-activity (IC50 = 0.35 mg/ml). The obtained values of the anti-AChE activity of the extracts of OL demonstrated that the inhibitory activity for SbW-extract 120 °C (IC50 = 2.92 mg/ml) and SbW-extract 180 °C (IC50 = 0.8 mg/ml) is higher than that of the traditional extract (IC50 = 3.6 mg/ml), respectively. These results indicate a great potential of the subcritical water technique to develop the techniques to produce commercial extracts of OL, and these results could encourage improved utilization of the OL. The collected data on the anti - acetylcholinesterase activity of olive leaves clearly demonstrate the prospects for use of OL extracts in the development of novel pharmaceutical substances and nutraceuticals for the prevention and/or the treatment of Alzheimer's disease as well as some other neurodegenerative diseases.
Thromboembolic risk factors and predictors of left atrial appendage thrombosis in Far North patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Khorkova N. Yu. , Gizatulina T. P. , Belokurova A. V. , Gorbatenko E. A. , Yaroslavskaya E. I. 
Published: November 2021

Aim. To analyze thromboembolic risk factors and identify additional predictors of left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombosis, which are not included in the CHA2DS2VASc scale, in long-term Far North residents with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF).Material and methods. The study included 162 patients (men, 108; women, 54; mean age, 55,3±8,7 years) with non-valvular AF, living in the Far North, and 684 patients (men, 408; women, 276; mean age, 56,9±9,3 years), living in the temperate latitudes, hospitalized for catheter ablation. All patients underwent transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. According to transesophageal echocardiography, Far North patients were divided into two groups: group 1 — 21 patients with LAA thrombosis, group 2 — 141 patients without LAA thrombosis.Results. Compared to patients living in the temperate latitudes, Far North patients were younger (p=0,021) and were more likely to have type 2 diabetes (14,2% vs 8,3%, p=0,022), class ³II obesity (29,6% vs 21,1%, p=0,019), persistent AF(47,5% vs 33,2%, p=0,0019), LAA thrombosis (13% vs 6,6%, p=0,006), and severe structural and functional cardiac abnormalities (biatrial and right ventricular enlargement, lower left ventricular ejection fraction). In Far North patients, using logistic regression, independent predictors of LAA thrombosis were identified: an increase in left ventricular mass index (odds ratio (OR), 1,029; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1,011-1,048; p=0,001), persistent AF (OR, 3,521; 95% CI, 1,050-11,800; p=0,041).Conclusion. In Far North patients with nonvalvular AF, scheduled for catheter ablation, compared with patients from temperate latitudes, with a similar profile of cardiovascular diseases at a younger age, type 2 diabetes, grade ³II obesity, persistent AF, and LAA thrombosis were more common. The presence of persistent AF and an increase in left ventricular mass index are independent predictors of LAA thrombosis in Far North patients with nonvalvular AF.
Classification of plant communities in Sierra Rica, Manuel Benavides, Chihuahua, Mexico
Authors: Juárez-Pérez Alicia , Melgoza-Castillo Alicia , Pinedo-Álvarez Carmelo , Estrada-Castillón Eduardo 
Published: November 2021

Sierra Rica is a mountain island located in the plains of the northeastern region of the Chihuahua Desert and has a diversity of vegetation patterns. To study this patterns the vegetation was characterized using GIS and cluster analysis, which identified five community types: pine forest (780 ha), oak forest (1640 ha), grassland (550 ha), desert scrub (866 ha), and rosetophyllous desert scrubland (628 ha). By the use of TWINSPAN software, four main vegetation groups containing 10 main plant associations were identified: (1) Pinus-Quercus forest, (2) grassland, (3) pine forest, (4) Rhus-Juniperus, (5) Pinus-Quercus and xeric species, (6) grassland-desert scrub, (7) desert microphyll scrub, (8) Quercus-Aloysia-Bouteloua association, (9) Acacia constricta scrubland, and (10) Larrea tridentata scrubland. The association among groups and species was significant (P < 0.0001). The subsequent analysis shows a high dependence among species inside the main groups and independence between groups.
Deposition of sprayed drops in soybean in function of sowing spacing
Authors: Viegas Neto Antonio Luiz , Souza Cristiano Márcio Alves de , Degrande Paulo Eduardo , Lima Júnior Izidro dos Santos 
Published: November 2021

To reach all parts of the plants can be a difficult achievement faced by the drops in several crops. Strategies in crop management such as an increment in the plant spacing can contribute to the spray application's success. This study aimed to evaluate the droplets deposition in soybean, using three different spray nozzles and application rate, in two soybean rows spacing. The experimental design used was the randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in a split-plot scheme. The plots were the interrow spacing (0.45 and 0.76 m), the subplots were the spray nozzles (JA-2 and Magno 11002 BD), and the sub-subplots were the application rate (120, 200 and 280 L ha-1). Droplets coverage was evaluated in the upper, middle and lower thirds of soybean plants. Water-sensitive papers were installed in the adaxial part of plant leaves to analyze the spray technology and evaluated using E-Sprinkle® software. Spraying was performed in plants at the R5.3 soybean stage. This experiment evaluated the following parameters: the volume median diameter, the density of droplets per cm2, the droplet coverage area, and the droplet percentage less than 150 µm. The increase in the soybean row spacing combined with the spray volume increase provided greater droplet coverage in the middle third in soybean crop. The Magno 11002 BD droplet nozzle provided the higher droplet coverage in the row spacing of 0.76 m. The spray rate of 280 L ha-1 provided the highest density of droplets per cm2 in the lower third and greater coverage in the middle-third.
Caracterização de pequenas propriedades produtoras de suínos em uma região metropolitana do Brasil
Authors: Eliane Garcia Horwat Darleny , Teixeira Poltronieri Paula , Cristina Ribeiro Dambroski Nack Daiane , Sperotto Brum Juliana 
Published: November 2021

Até o momento, não houve nenhum trabalho na literatura a respeito da suinocultura na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, desta forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar a produção de suínos nesta região. Os resultados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram da pesquisa 62 suinocultores distribuídos em 14 municípios da região. A maioria das propriedades avaliadas (51,6%) possuía até 10 hectares, 80,6% utilizava apenas mão de obra familiar e todas as unidades produtoras analisadas combinavam a suinocultura com outras atividades. Do total, 52,5% possuíam até 10 suínos, 80,6% praticavam a produção em ciclo completo e 45,2% mantinham os animais confinados em baias. Na alimentação dos suínos, foi mais frequentemente relatado o uso de milho e sobras de comida, que eram obtidos na própria propriedade. Observou-se que a produção de suínos na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba é uma atividade que desempenha um papel econômico e social para os produtores de pequena escala. Concluiu-se que os locais avaliados, em geral, desenvolvem a suinocultura como atividade de subsistência, mas existem diferenças entre eles, demonstrando que cada um possui características próprias.
El habitus
Authors: Riscanevo Espitia Lida Esperanza 
Published: November 2021

Al retomar la publicación de la Revista Semilleros de Investigación, que estaba en pausa desde 2011, fue primordial rescatar los motivos que llevaron a su gestación en 2009. Se buscaba que fuera un apoyo a la formación investigativa y escritural de jóvenes universitarios para consolidar equipos de trabajo mancomunado (Gamboa, 2009), puesto que
en los semilleros encontramos un pilar esencial para dejar avanzar a la universidad hacia otros estadios más flexibles, más heterogéneos, más plurales, que rebasan las formas de la vieja universidad que tiende a sujetar y organizar en torno a la homogeneidad, la centralización y los modos tradicionales de hacer la vida, la academia y la investigación. (Restrepo, 2010, p. 7)
Teniendo en cuenta la intención y la perspectiva ya descritas, se proyectó reactivar su publicación con este volumen para apoyar la constitución de una postura investigativa de los estudiantes universitarios, ligada al proceso de aprender a investigar, la cual establece una relación de cada sujeto como investigador con él mismo y con el conocimiento. Así, se define un “modo de ser” a través de un “proceso de llegar a ser” investigador (Riscanevo, 2019). Según Cochran-Smith y Lytle (2009), dicho proceso facilita una postura que permite generar conocimiento, teorizar sobre las prácticas, interpretar y cuestionar la teoría y la investigación de otros.
Ampelographic and molecular characterisation of grapevine varieties in the gene bank of the experimental vineyard ‘Radmilovac’ – Serbia
Authors: Milišić Kristina , Sivčev Branislava , Štajner Nataša , Jakše Jernej , Matijašević Saša , Nikolić Dragan , Popović Tatjana , Ranković-Vasić Zorica 
Published: November 2021

Characterisations of thirty grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) from the experimental vineyard ‘Radmilovac’ were conducted using a large number of OIV descriptors and eight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci. The ampelographic description contained 45 features. Molecular characterisation of selected microsatellite loci was performed using capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis. Dendrograms based on ampelographic and genetic data resulted in three groups of varieties. Qualitative ampelographic characteristics tended to manifest significant differences. The most common deviation among varieties within the group was in the characteristic OIV 051 (colouration of the upper side of a young leaf). Genetic characterisation of SSR markers through analyses of a large number of varieties contributes to better organisation of grapevine collections and simpler identification of varieties, as well as data exchange. When identifying the varieties, the results of the DNA analysis should be combined with the ampelographic descriptors, in order to select grapevine varieties with desirable viticultural and oenological traits. Integration of the obtained genetic data with the ampelographic data is of utmost importance for accurate identification of the varieties and offers a significant means for the preservation and use of the varieties.
Human and machine learning pipelines for responsible clinical prediction using high-dimensional data
Authors: Sufriyana Herdiantri , Wu Yu Wei , Su Emily Chia-Yu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This protocol aims to develop, validate, and deploy a prediction model using high dimensional data by both human and machine learning. The applicability is intended for clinical prediction in healthcare providers, including but not limited to those using medical histories from electronic health records. This protocol applies diverse approaches to improve both predictive performance and interpretability while maintaining the generalizability of model evaluation. However, some steps require expensive computational capacity; otherwise, these will take longer time. The key stages consist of designs of data collection and analysis, feature discovery and quality control, and model development, validation, and deployment.
Jiedu Tongluo Decoction Attenuates Myocardial Fibrosis Through Inhibition of The TGF-β1/Smad2/3 Pathway
Authors: Hui Ju , Li Le , Zhang Huan , Wang Bin , Shi Jiaxin , Song Jing , Guo Jiajuan , Li Xiangjun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Jiedu Tongluo (JDTL) decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula containing three herbal ingredients that is widely used to treat myocardial fibrosis (MF). This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of action of JDTL decoction for the treatment of MF. Methods: The chemical constituents of Traditional Chinese medicine were analyzed by HPLC, Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, Jiedu Tongluo decoction low-dose and high-dose treatment groups, with 10 rats in each group. Rat myocardial fibrosis model was induced by subcutaneous injection of 5 mg•kg-1 isoproterenol hydrochloride. 5 and 50 g•(kg.d) -1 were given intragastric administration for 7 days. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining were performed for histological evaluation of myocardial tissue, MTT method detects the activity of cardiac fibroblasts, The alkaline water method is used to determine the content of hydroxyproline in myocardial tissue and myocardial fibroblasts, Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of myocardial tissue transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, p smad2/3, and type III collagen (Col III) expression, Immunofluorescence to detect the expression of α-SMA/Vimentin in myocardial tissue and myocardial fibroblasts; Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of TGFβ1 and psmad2/3 in cardiac fibroblasts.Results: In this study, six compounds of JDTL decoction were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson staining showed that in the isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO)-induced MF rat model, JDTL treatment protected the myocardial structure and inhibited type III collagen (COL3) expression(p<0.05). The immunohistochemistry (IHC) results also showed that JDTL treatment significantly reduced the expression of vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) as well as the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in the rat MF model(p<0.05). Rat cardiac fibroblasts (RCFs) were used for the following assays performed in vitro: hydroxyproline detection, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, wound-healing test, western blot, and double immunofluorescence staining; the results of these assays confirmed the inhibitory effects of JDTL decoction on the proliferation, migration, and transdifferentiation abilities of RCFs as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, including the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway through downregulation of TGF-β1 expression and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 as well as inhibition of vimentin and α-SMA expression(p<0.05). Conclusion: JDTL decoction can prolong the process of MF through inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.
Gene Expression Response of the Non-target Gastropod Physella Acuta to Fenoxycarb, a Juvenile Hormone Analog Pesticide
Authors: Caballero Patricia , Prieto-Amador Marina , Martinez-Guitarte Jose-Luis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, pesticides are an environmental problem because they can act on non-target species. Therefore, the search for new pest control methods has focused on compounds with low or no toxic effects. Analogs of the juvenile hormone are one such group of pesticides since they work by interfering in the endocrine system of arthropods. However, the lack of effect on non-target species is frequently assumed, and it requires confirmation. This article analyzes the impact of Fenoxycarb, an analog of juvenile hormone, on Physella acuta, an aquatic gastropod. Animals exposed for one week to 0.01, 1, and 100 μg/L were used to obtain RNA and perform retrotranscription and real-time PCR. Forty genes related to the endocrine system, the DNA repair mechanisms, the different phases of detoxification, oxidative stress, the stress response, the nervous system, hypoxia, energy metabolism, the immune system, and apoptosis were analyzed. Three of the genes, AchE, Hsp17.9, and ApA, showed responses to the presence of Fenoxycarb at 1 μg/L, with no statistically significant responses in the rest of the genes and at the remaining concentrations. From the results it can be concluded that Fenoxycarb shows low toxicity in Physella acuta. However, the fact that a gene related to immunity was altered prevents any conclusions in relation to the putative long-term effects that this juvenile hormone analog could have. Therefore, additional research would be necessary to confirm the safety of Fenoxycarb in non-arthropod species.
Effect of Distance from Target on Hypopituitarism After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Ironside Natasha , Snyder Harrison , Xu Zhiyuan , Schlesinger David , Chen Ching-Jen , Vance Mary Lee , Hong Gregory K. , Jane John A. , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
IntroductionDelayed hypopituitarism is the most common complication after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for pituitary adenomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the distance from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to the treatment target and anterior pituitary function preservation after SRS. MethodsBetween 2007 and 2020, consecutive adult patients who underwent single-session SRS for pituitary adenomas with ³6 months of follow-up were included. Distance measurements between hypothalamic-pituitary axis structures and the SRS target volume were quantified on MRI. The primary outcome was anterior pituitary function preservation. Outcomes were compared using multivariable regression and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) analyses. ResultsThe study cohort comprised 224 patients, who were categorized by preservation (n=168) and no preservation (n=56) of anterior pituitary function after SRS. Independent predictors of anterior pituitary function preservation were a greater distance between the center of the pituitary gland and center of the SRS target (OR=1.101 [1.000–1.213], p=0.050), and a shorter clinical follow-up duration (OR=0.985 [0.977–0.993], p<0.0001). The adjusted AUROC for the distance from the center of the pituitary gland and center of the SRS target in predicting anterior pituitary function preservation was 0.595. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in predicting anterior pituitary function preservation at the optimal cut-off distance of 15mm were 30.0%, 88.0%, 89.9% and 26.2%, respectively.ConclusionsGreater distance between the normal pituitary gland and the SRS target is associated with anterior pituitary function preservation and increasing this distance should be a goal of adenoma resection. Larger prospective, multi-center studies are necessary to corroborate this finding and establish the effects of distance on hypopituitarism after SRS for pituitary adenomas.
Long-term persistence of treatment after hip fracture in a fracture liaison service; recommending treatment during admission is more efficient
Authors: Naranjo Antonio , Molina Amparo , Quevedo Adrián , Rubiño Francisco J. , Sánchez-Alonso Fernando , Ojeda Soledad , Rodríguez-Lozano Carlos 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Long-term adherence to antiosteoporosis medication (AOM) in the setting of a fracture liaison service (FLS) are not well known.
Methods

Patients ≥50 with hip fracture seen in an FLS and recommended for treatment to prevent new fractures were analyzed. Baseline data included demographics, identification mode, previous treatment and FRAX® items. Patient records were reviewed 3-8 years later, and these data were collected: 1) survival; 2) major refracture; 3) initiation of treatment, proportion of days covered (PDC) and persistence with AOM.
Results

372 patients (mean age, 79 years; 76% women) were included. Mean follow-up was 47 months, 52 patients (14%) had a refracture (22 hip) and 129 (34.5%) died. AOM was started in 283 patients (76.0%). Factors associated with initiation of AOM were previous use of bisphosphonate (OR9.94;95%CI:1.29-76.32) and a lower T-score lumbar (OR 0.80;95%CI:0.65-0.99). Persistence decreased to 72.6%, 60% and 47% at 12, 36 and 60 months. A PDC>80% was confirmed in 208 patients (55.7%) and associated with previous use of bisphosphonate (OR3.38;95%CI:1.34-8.53), treatment with denosumab (OR2.69;95%CI:1.37-5.27), and inpatient identification (OR2.26; 95%CI:1.18-4.34).
Conclusions

Long-term persistence with AOM was optimal in patients with hip fracture seen at an FLS. A PDC>80% was associated with inpatient identification and prescription of denosumab.