bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How will future climate depending agronomic management impact the yield risk of wheat cropping systems? A regional case study of Eastern Denmark
Authors: Macholdt J. , Gyldengren J. Glerup , Diamantopoulos E. , Styczen M. E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOne of the major challenges in agriculture is how climate change influences crop production, for different environmental (soil type, topography, groundwater depth, etc.) and agronomic management conditions. Through systems modelling, this study aims to quantify the impact of future climate on yield risk of winter wheat for two common soil types of Eastern Denmark. The agro-ecosystem model DAISY was used to simulate arable, conventional cropping systems (CSs) and the study focused on the three main management factors: cropping sequence, usage of catch crops and cereal straw management. For the case region of Eastern Denmark, the future yield risk of wheat does not necessarily increase under climate change mainly due to lower water stress in the projections; rather, it depends on appropriate management and each CS design. Major management factors affecting the yield risk of wheat were N supply and the amount of organic material added during rotations. If a CS is characterized by straw removal and no catch crop within the rotation, an increased wheat yield risk must be expected in the future. In contrast, more favourable CSs, including catch crops and straw incorporation, maintain their capacity and result in a decreasing yield risk over time. Higher soil organic matter content, higher net nitrogen mineralization rate and higher soil organic nitrogen content were the main underlying causes for these positive effects. Furthermore, the simulation results showed better N recycling and reduced nitrate leaching for the more favourable CSs, which provide benefits for environment-friendly and sustainable crop production.
Therapeutic efficacy of mebendazole and artemisinin in different phases of trichinellosis: a comparative experimental study
Authors: Allam Amal Farahat , Mostafa Reham Ahmed , Lotfy Wael , Farag Hoda Fahmy , Fathi Naglaa , Moneer Esraa Abdelhamid , Shehab Amel Youssef 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present work aimed at studying the efficacy of mebendazole (MBZ) compared to artemisinin (ART) for the treatment of trichinellosis at various phases of infection. Seventy Swiss albino mice were orally infected by 300 Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) larvae. Mice were divided into infected untreated control group and infected groups treated with 50 mg kg−1 MBZ and 300 mg kg−1 ART for three and five consecutive days, respectively, at the enteral phase [2–4 days post infection (PI)], invasive phase (10–12 days PI) and encapsulated phase (28–30 days PI). All mice were sacrificed 35–42 days PI. MBZ and ART revealed a significant decrease in mean larval counts and increase of larval per cent reduction (LR %) when treatment was initiated during the enteral phase compared to the other phases. MBZ showed significantly higher LR % (99.7, 83.95 and 89.65%) than ART (80.58, 67.0 and 79.2%) when administered at the three infection phases. Histopathological study showed a decrease in the number of encysted larvae, their surrounding cellular infiltrates and increased regenerative muscles in all treated mice. In conclusion, ART possesses a substantial anthelmintic activity against T. spiralis infection in mice both at the enteral and encapsulated phases, yet, significantly lower than MBZ.
Risk-taking to obtain reward: sex differences and associations with emotional and depressive symptoms in a nationally representative cohort of UK adolescents
Authors: Lewis Gemma , Srinivasan Ramya , Roiser Jonathan , Blakemore Sarah-Jayne , Flouri Eirini , Lewis Glyn 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCognitive mechanisms that characterize or precede depressive symptoms are poorly understood. We investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between risk taking to obtain reward and adolescent depressive symptoms in a large prospective cohort, using the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT). We also explored sex differences.MethodsThe Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) is an ongoing UK study, following the lives of 19 000 individuals born 2000/02. The CGT was completed at ages 11 (n = 12 355) and 14 (n = 10 578). Our main exposure was the proportion of points gambled, when the odds of winning were above chance (risk-taking to obtain reward). Outcomes were emotional symptoms (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ) at age 11 and depressive symptoms (short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, sMFQ) at age 14. We calculated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations, using linear regressions.ResultsIn univariable models, there was evidence of cross-sectional associations between risk-taking and SDQ/sMFQ scores, but these associations disappeared after we adjusted for sex. Longitudinally, there was weak evidence of an association between risk-taking and depressive symptoms in females only [a 20-point increase in risk-taking at age 11 was associated with a reduction of 0.31 sMFQ points at age 14 (95% CI −0.60 to −0.02)]. At both time-points, females were less risk-taking than males.ConclusionsWe found no convincing evidence of a relationship between risk-taking to obtain reward and depressive symptoms. There were large sex differences in risk-taking, but these do not appear to contribute to the female preponderance of depressive symptoms in adolescence.
LACUSTRINE DYNAMICS AND TLATEL-TYPE SETTLEMENTS FROM MIDDLE FORMATIVE TO LATE AZTEC IN THE EASTERN PART OF LAKE TEXCOCO, MEXICO
Authors: Cordova Carlos E. , Morett-Alatorre Luis , Frederick Charles , Gámez-Eternod Lorena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the territories of the former lakes in the Basin of Mexico, a tlatel was an insular settlement associated with the exploitation of lacustrine resources. This study examines the stratigraphy and geomorphological context of three tlateles in the eastern part of the former Lake Texcoco and correlates their phases of development with regional paleoclimatic trends from the seventh century b.c. to the sixteenth century. The results of this research indicate that fluvio-lacustrine (i.e., deltaic) sedimentation and freshwater springs in the lake basin were important features for the establishment of tlatel settlements in the highly dynamic and saline lacustrine environment. The formation and abandonment of the studied tlateles correlate with changes in other settlements and developments recorded in other parts of Lake Texcoco. Sites and sediments in the eastern part of Lake Texcoco provide proxy information on the lacustrine changes that accompanied the development of Tenochtitlan and other lacustrine settlements in its western part.
Caregiving adversity during infancy and preschool cognitive function: adaptations to context?
Authors: Rifkin-Graboi Anne , Goh Shaun Kok-Yew , Chong Hui Jun , Tsotsi Stella , Sim Lit Wee , Tan Kok Hian , Chong Yap Seng , Meaney Michael J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFrom a conditional adaptation vantage point, early life caregiving adversity likely enhances aspects of cognition needed to manage interpersonal threats. Yet, research examining early life care and offspring cognition predominantly relies upon experiments including affectively neutral stimuli, with findings generally interpreted as “early-life caregiving adversity is, de facto, ‘bad’ for cognitive performance.” Here, in a Southeast Asian sample, we examined observed maternal sensitivity in infancy and cognitive performance 3 years later as preschoolers took part in three tasks, each involving both a socioemotional (SE) and non-socioemotional (NSE) version: relational memory (n= 236), cognitive flexibility (n= 203), and inhibitory control (n= 255). Results indicate the relation between early life caregiving adversity and memory performance significantly differs (Wald test = 7.67, (1),P= 0.006) depending on the SE versus NSE context, with maternal sensitivity in infancy highly predictive of worse memory for SE stimuli, and amongst girls, also predictive of better memory when NSE stimuli are used. Results concerning inhibitory control, as well as cognitive flexibility in girls, also tentatively suggest the importance of considering the SE nature of stimuli when assessing relations between the caregiving environment and cognitive performance. As not all approaches to missing data yielded similar results, implications for statistical approaches are elaborated. We conclude by considering how an adaptation-to-context framework approach may aid in designing pedagogical strategies and well-being interventions that harness pre-existing cognitive strengths.
“Invasion” or “Liberation”?: Contested Commemoration in Cambodia and within ASEAN
Authors: Thun Theara 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article examines the meaning of Vietnam's removal of the Khmer Rouge in January 1979—an event that recently became a point of contention between the Prime Minister of Cambodia Hun Sen and Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Hsien Loong. Since 1980, Vietnam's removal of the Khmer Rouge has been adopted as Liberation Day by the Cambodian ruling political party. The article discusses three topics: (1) the Vietnamese presence in Cambodia during the 1980s and the resulting civil war, (2) three major changes in the Liberation Day narratives, and (3) reflections on Hun Sen and Lee's recent debate. It demonstrates that Hun Sen and Lee's contention reflects on how the legacy of Vietnam's removal of the Khmer Rouge has continued to be very important and sensitive in Cambodia and within the ASEAN Community today. It also examines China's successful approach to strengthening its relationship with Cambodia after more than a decade of the political confrontation and hatred during the 1980s.
Frequency, distribution, and ploidy diversity of herbicide-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne spp. multiflorum) populations of western Oregon
Authors: Bobadilla Lucas K. , Hulting Andrew G. , Berry Pete A , Moretti Marcelo L. , Mallory-Smith Carol 
Published: January 2021

AbstractItalian ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. spp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] is one of the most troublesome weeds worldwide. Lolium multiflorum is also a grass seed crop cultivated on 50,000 ha in Oregon, where both diploid and tetraploid cultivars are grown. For this work, we will refer to the species as L. multiflorum, since the common names annual ryegrass and Italian ryegrass both refer to the same species. A survey was conducted to understand the distribution and frequency of L. multiflorum and its susceptibility to selected herbicides used in its control. The herbicides selected were clethodim, glufosinate, glyphosate, mesosulfuron-methyl (mesosulfuron), paraquat, pinoxaden, pyroxsulam, quizalofop-P-ethyl (quizalofop), pronamide, flufenacet + metribuzin, and pyroxasulfone. The ploidy levels of the populations were also tested. A total of 150 fields were surveyed between 2017 and 2018, of which 75 (50%) had L. multiflorum present. Herbicide-resistant populations were documented in 88% of the 75 populations collected. The most frequent resistances were to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), acetolactate synthase (ALS), 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitors, and combinations thereof. Multiple resistance and cross-resistance, found in 75% of the populations, were the most frequent patterns of resistance. Paraquat-resistant biotypes were confirmed in six orchard crop populations for the first time in Oregon. Herbicide resistance was spatially clustered, with most cases of resistance in the northern part of the surveyed area. Populations resistant to ALS and ACCase inhibitors were prevalent in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields. Multiple resistance was positively correlated with plant density. Tetraploid feral populations were identified, but no cases of herbicide resistance were documented. This is the first survey of herbicide resistance and ploidy diversity in L. multiflorum in western Oregon. Resistant populations were present across the surveyed area, indicating that the problem is widespread.
Spin and pseudospin solutions to Dirac equation and its thermodynamic properties using hyperbolic Hulthen plus hyperbolic exponential inversely quadratic potential
Authors: Okon Ituen B. , Omugbe E. , Antia Akaninyene D. , Onate C. A. , Akpabio Louis E. , Osafile O. E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this research article, the modified approximation to the centrifugal barrier term is applied to solve an approximate bound state solutions of Dirac equation for spin and pseudospin symmetries with hyperbolic Hulthen plus hyperbolic exponential inversely quadratic potential using parametric Nikiforov–Uvarov method. The energy eigen equation and the unnormalised wave function were presented in closed and compact form. The nonrelativistic energy equation was obtain by applying nonrelativistic limit to the relativistic spin energy eigen equation. Numerical bound state energies were obtained for both the spin symmetry, pseudospin symmetry and the non relativistic energy. The screen parameter in the potential affects the solutions of the spin symmetry and non-relativistic energy in the same manner but in a revised form for the pseudospin symmetry energy equation. In order to ascertain the accuracy of the work, the numerical results obtained was compared to research work of existing literature and the results were found to be in excellent agreement to the existing literature. The partition function and other thermodynamic properties were obtained using the compact form of the nonrelativistic energy equation. The proposed potential model reduces to Hulthen and exponential inversely quadratic potential as special cases. All numerical computations were carried out using Maple 10.0 version and Matlab 9.0 version softwares respectively.
Reduced occludin and claudin-7 expression is associated with urban locations and exposure to second-hand smoke in allergic rhinitis patients
Authors: Nur Husna Siti Muhamad , Siti Sarah Che Othman , Tan Hern-Tze Tina , Md. Shukri Norasnieda , Mohd Ashari Noor Suryani , Wong Kah Keng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe breakdown of nasal epithelial barrier occurs in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. Impairment of cell junction molecules including tight junctions (TJs) and desmosomes plays causative roles in the pathogenesis of AR. In this study, we investigated the transcript expression levels of TJs including occludin (OCLN), claudin-3 and -7 (CLDN3 and CLDN7), desmoglein 3 (DSG3) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in AR patients (n = 30) and non-allergic controls (n = 30). Nasal epithelial cells of non-allergic controls and AR patients were collected to examine their mRNA expression levels, and to correlate with clinico-demographical and environmental parameters. We demonstrated that the expression of OCLN (p = 0.009), CLDN3 (p = 0.032) or CLDN7 (p = 0.004) transcript was significantly lower in AR patients compared with non-allergic controls. No significant difference was observed in the expression of DSG3 (p = 0.750) or TSLP (p = 0.991) transcript in AR patients compared with non-allergic controls. A significant association between urban locations and lower OCLN expression (p = 0.010), or exposure to second-hand smoke with lower CLDN7 expression (p = 0.042) was found in AR patients. Interestingly, none of the TJs expression was significantly associated with having pets, frequency of changing bedsheet and housekeeping. These results suggest that defective nasal epithelial barrier in AR patients is attributable to reduced expression of OCLN and CLDN7 associated with urban locations and exposure to second-hand smoke, supporting recent findings that air pollution represents one of the causes of AR.
Estimating submarine groundwater discharge in Jeju volcanic island (Korea) during a typhoon (Kong-rey) using humic-fluorescent dissolved organic matter-Si mass balance
Authors: Cho Hyung-Mi , Kim Tae-Hoon , Moon Jae-Hong , Song Byung-Chan , Hwang Dong-Woon , Kim Taejin , Im Dong-Hoon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe examined the residence time, seepage rate, and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD)-driven dissolved nutrients and organic matter in Hwasun Bay, Jeju Island, Korea during the occurrence of a typhoon, Kong-rey, using a humic fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOMH)-Si mass balance model. The study period spanned October 4–10, 2018. One day after the typhoon, the residence time and seepage rate were calculated to be 1 day and 0.51 m day−1, respectively, and the highest SGD-driven fluxes of chemical constituents were estimated (1.7 × 106 mol day−1 for dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 0.1 × 106 mol day−1 for dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), 1.1 × 106 mol day−1 for dissolved silicon, 0.5 × 106 mol day−1 for dissolved organic carbon, 1.6 × 106 mol day−1 for dissolved organic nitrogen, 0.4 × 106 mol day−1 for particulate organic carbon, and 38 × 106 g QS day−1 for FDOMH). SGD-driven fluxes of dissolved nutrient and organic matter were over 90% of the total input fluxes in Hwasun Bay. Our results highlight the potential of using the FDOMH-Si mass balance model to effectively measure SGD within a specific area (i.e., volcanic islands) under specific weather conditions (i.e., typhoon/storm). In oligotrophic oceanic regions, SGD-driven chemical fluxes from highly permeable islands considerably contribute to coastal nutrient budgets and coastal biological production.
Artificial intelligence matches subjective severity assessment of pneumonia for prediction of patient outcome and need for mechanical ventilation: a cohort study
Authors: Ebrahimian Shadi , Homayounieh Fatemeh , Rockenbach Marcio A. B. C. , Putha Preetham , Raj Tarun , Dayan Ittai , Bizzo Bernardo C. , Buch Varun , Wu Dufan , Kim Kyungsang , Li Quanzheng , Digumarthy Subba R. , Kalra Mannudeep K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo compare the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) and Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema (RALE) scores from frontal chest radiographs (CXRs) for predicting patient outcomes and the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 pneumonia. Our IRB-approved study included 1367 serial CXRs from 405 adult patients (mean age 65 ± 16 years) from two sites in the US (Site A) and South Korea (Site B). We recorded information pertaining to patient demographics (age, gender), smoking history, comorbid conditions (such as cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases), vital signs (temperature, oxygen saturation), and available laboratory data (such as WBC count and CRP). Two thoracic radiologists performed the qualitative assessment of all CXRs based on the RALE score for assessing the severity of lung involvement. All CXRs were processed with a commercial AI algorithm to obtain the percentage of the lung affected with findings related to COVID-19 (AI score). Independent t- and chi-square tests were used in addition to multiple logistic regression with Area Under the Curve (AUC) as output for predicting disease outcome and the need for mechanical ventilation. The RALE and AI scores had a strong positive correlation in CXRs from each site (r2 = 0.79–0.86; p < 0.0001). Patients who died or received mechanical ventilation had significantly higher RALE and AI scores than those with recovery or without the need for mechanical ventilation (p < 0.001). Patients with a more substantial difference in baseline and maximum RALE scores and AI scores had a higher prevalence of death and mechanical ventilation (p < 0.001). The addition of patients’ age, gender, WBC count, and peripheral oxygen saturation increased the outcome prediction from 0.87 to 0.94 (95% CI 0.90–0.97) for RALE scores and from 0.82 to 0.91 (95% CI 0.87–0.95) for the AI scores. AI algorithm is as robust a predictor of adverse patient outcome (death or need for mechanical ventilation) as subjective RALE scores in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Effects of exogenous silicon on maize seed germination and seedling growth
Authors: Sun Yankun , Xu Jiaqi , Miao Xiangyang , Lin Xuesong , Liu Wanzhen , Ren Hongyu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs the global population continues to increase, global food production needs to double by 2050 to meet the demand. Given the current status of the not expansion of cultivated land area, agronomic seedlings are complete, well-formed and strong, which is the basis of high crop yields. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of seed germination and seedling growth in response to silicon (from water-soluble Si fertilizer). The effects of Si on the maize germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll contents, osmoprotectant contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, non-enzymatic antioxidant contents and stomatal characteristics were studied by soaking Xianyu 335 in solutions of different concentrations of Si (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g·L−1). In this study, Si treatments significantly increased the seed germination and per-plant dry weight of seedlings (P < 0.05), and the optimal concentration was 15 g·L−1. As a result of the Si treatment of the seeds, the chlorophyll content, osmotic material accumulation and antioxidant defence system activity increased, reducing membrane system damage, reactive oxygen species contents, and stomatal aperture. The results suggested that 15 g·L−1 Si significantly stimulated seed germination and promoted the growth of maize seedlings, laying a solid foundation for subsequent maize growth.
Decreased cortisol among hikers who preferentially visit and value biodiverse riparian zones
Authors: Opdahl Ellie , Demps Kathryn , Heath Julie A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile outdoor recreationists often report increases to their well-being for time spent in nature, the mechanisms through which local ecologies affect human health have been difficult to quantify, and thus to manage. We combine data from pre-post salivary cortisol measures, GPS tracks, visitor photos, and surveys from 88 hikers traversing several types of landscape within peri-urban public lands in southwest Idaho, USA. We find that time in biodiverse riparian areas and areas of perceived aesthetic value correlates with decreases in salivary cortisol and improved well-being for hikers. Wildlife sightings were not associated with changes in salivary cortisol, but were associated with riparian travel and aesthetic preferences, indicating an indirect pathway for ecosystem services. Additionally, wildlife sightings decreased on high-use days, even though hikers did not perceive a negative impact of their recreational activity. These results suggest that cultural and physiological ecosystem services of nature depend on the ecological community of the area. Preferential visitation and high service value of riparian areas by hikers and wildlife alike target shared riparian areas as hot spots for management efforts to promote both ecological and human health within an increasingly urbanizing world.
An assessment of the spatial extent of polar dust using satellite thermal data
Authors: Bowen M. , Vincent R. F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe effect of mineral dust aerosols and subsequent deposition in polar regions has historically been underestimated in climate models. Dust aerosols increase melt rates by reducing surface albedo and modifying atmospheric radiative properties. In this study 127,413 satellite images covering the Arctic and Antarctic from 2007 to 2019 were assessed for dust content using thermal infrared wavelengths. The results show a strong linear trend in which the relative spatial extent of dust (RSED) increased annually by 0.31% in the Arctic (8.5% to 12.1%) and 0.19% in the Antarctic (5.2% to 7.5%). Seasonally, the maximum aggregated average RSED occurred in the Arctic during boreal winter (11.2%), while the Antarctic peaked in austral spring (9.5%). Maximum RSED rates occurred in boreal winter/austral summer (Dec–Jan–Feb) for both polar regions. The data suggests that finer dust particles are more efficiently distributed by aeolian processes leading to higher RSED values that are not necessarily reflective of polar dust loading models.