bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards smart green wall maintenance and Wallbot technology
Authors: Wilkinson Sara , Carmichael Marc , Khonasty Richardo 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe UN forecast of a 3-degree Celsius global temperature increase by 2,100 will exacerbate excessive heat. Population growth, urban densification, climate change and global warming contribute to heat waves, which are more intense in high-density environments. With urbanisation, vegetation is replaced by impervious materials which contribute to the urban heat island effect. Concurrently, adverse health outcomes and heat- related deaths are increasing, and heat stress affects labour productivity. More green infrastructure, such as green walls, is needed to mitigate these effects; however maintenance costs, OH&S issues and perceptions of fire risk inhibit take up. What if these barriers could be overcome by a green Wallbot? This research examines the feasibility of integrating smart technology in the form of a Wallbot.Design/methodology/approachThe research design comprised two workshops with key stakeholders; comprising green wall designers and installers, green wall maintenance teams, project managers and building owners with green wall installations, horticulture scientists, designers and mechatronics engineers. The aim was to gain a deeper understanding of the issues affecting maintenance of green walls on different building types in New South Wales Australia to inform the design of a prototype robot to maintain green walls.FindingsThe Wallbot has great potential to overcome the perceived barriers associated with maintaining green walls and also fire risk and detection. If these barriers are addressed, other locations, such as the sides of motorways or rail corridors, could be used for more green wall installations thereby increasing mitigation of UHI. This innovation would be a welcome addition to smart building technology and property maintenance.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a pilot study, and the sample of stakeholders attending the workshops was small, though experienced. The range of green walls is varied, and it was decided to focus initially on a specific type of green wall design for the prototype Wallbot. Therefore other types and sizes of green walls may suit other specifications of Wallbot design.Practical implicationsTo date, no robot exists that maintains green walls, and this innovative research developed a prototype for trialling maintenance and inspection.Originality/valueTo date, no robot exists that maintains green walls. No study to date has assessed stakeholder perceptions and developed prototype Wallbot technology.
Coordinating food quality: How do quality standards influence contract arrangements? A study on Uruguayan food supply chains
Authors: Groot-Kormelinck Annemarie , Trienekens Jacques , Bijman Jos 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to study the influence of quality standards on contract arrangements in food supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative double case study was conducted on the dairy and citrus sectors in Uruguay. A transaction cost theoretical framework was used. All current public and private quality standards applied by processors were studied in relation to contract arrangements between processors and upstream producers as well as downstream buyers for each sector.

Findings
Quality standards complement contract arrangements for upstream transactions, leading to hierarchy-type contract arrangements. Quality standards substitute contract arrangements for downstream transactions, leading to market- or hybrid-type contract arrangements.

Research limitations/implications
Longitudinal studies that measure changes in contract arrangements over time are recommended.

Practical implications
Supply chain actors can reduce transaction costs by aligning quality standards with appropriate contract arrangements – further supported by public instruments.

Originality/value
Quality standards have differential influence on underlying transaction characteristics, and therefore on contract arrangements, depending on the location of the transaction in the supply chain.
Prognostic value of the geriatric nutritional risk index among patients with previously treated advanced non‐small cell lung cancer who subsequently underwent immunotherapy
Authors: Sonehara Kei , Tateishi Kazunari , Araki Taisuke , Komatsu Masamichi , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Hanaoka Masayuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) is a simple and useful marker for predicting prognosis and treatment efficacy among patients with various cancers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no previous reports regarding the prognostic value of GNRI among patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 85 patients with previously treated advanced NSCLC who were administered ICIs at Shinshu University Hospital between February 2016 and October 2020. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between groups with high (≥89.5) and low (<89.5) GNRI values. We used univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify prognostic factors that were associated with PFS and OS.ResultsThe high and low GNRI groups included 61 and 24 patients, respectively. Relative to the low GNRI group, the high GNRI group had significantly longer median PFS (3.7 vs. 2.4 months, p = 0.041) and significantly longer median OS (14.2 vs. 6.1 months, p = 0.008). Multivariate analyses revealed that independent predictors of favorable OS were high GNRI, performance status of 0–1, and age of ≥70 years. The high GNRI group was significantly more likely to undergo subsequent therapy after immunotherapy (68.6 vs. 33.3%, p = 0.008).ConclusionsThe present study revealed that high GNRI was associated with good outcomes among patients with previously treated NSCLC who were treated with ICIs.
Learning curve of robotic portal lobectomy for pulmonary neoplasms: A prospective observational study
Authors: Yang Mu‐Zi , Lai Ren‐Chun , Abbas Abbas E. , Park Bernard J. , Li Ji‐Bin , Yang Jie , Wu Jin‐Chun , Wang Gang , Yang Hao‐Xian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aim to assess the learning curve of robotic portal lobectomy with four arms (RPL‐4) in patients with pulmonary neoplasms using prospectively collected data.MethodsData from 100 consecutive cases with lung neoplasms undergoing RPL‐4 were prospectively accumulated into a database between June 2018 and August 2019. The Da Vinci Si system was used to perform RPL‐4. Regression curves of cumulative sum analysis (CUSUM) and risk‐adjusted CUSUM (RA‐CUSUM) were fit to identify different phases of the learning curve. Clinical indicators and patient characteristics were compared between different phases.ResultsThe mean operative time, console time, and docking time for the entire cohort were 130.6 ± 53.8, 95.5 ± 52.3, and 6.4 ± 3.0 min, respectively. Based on CUSUM analysis of console time, the surgical experience can be divided into three different phases: 1–10 cases (learning phase), 11–51 cases (plateau phase), and >51 cases (mastery phase). RA‐CUSUM analysis revealed that experience based on 56 cases was required to truly master this technique. Total operative time (p < 0.001), console time (p < 0.001), and docking time (p = 0.026) were reduced as experience increased. However, other indicators were not significantly different among these three phases.ConclusionsThe RPL‐4 learning curve can be divided into three phases. Ten cases were required to pass the learning curve, but the mastery of RPL‐4 for satisfactory surgical outcomes requires experience with at least 56 cases.
The urban–rural gap in the demand for food safety in China: The role of food label knowledge
Authors: Shimokawa Satoru , Hu Dezhuang , Li Dandan , Cheng Hong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite the national promotion of food safety measures, a substantial urban–rural gap remains in the demand for food safety in China. To explain this gap, we explore the role of knowledge of food safety labels. We measure demand using the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for the green food label and the organic food label for rice and pork in urban and rural areas. We employ discrete choice experiments and the control function approach to control for potential endogeneity problems. The results show that the MWTP for the labels is significantly positive among people with label knowledge but insignificant or even negative among people without label knowledge, and the urban–rural gap in the MWTP is larger among the former than among the latter. These knowledge‐related differences explain 8–29% of the urban–rural gap in the MWTP for the green food label. Our findings imply that improving knowledge about the green food label could potentially be effective in reducing the urban–rural gap, while our results also imply the existence of a future challenge for the government in promoting label knowledge more effectively in rural China.
Vergleich der Patientenpfade bei der Früherkennungsuntersuchung auf Hautkrebs – eine Sekundärdatenanalyse
Authors: Krensel Magdalene , Petersen Jana , Stephan Brigitte , Katalinic Alexander , Augustin Jobst 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundBei der Hautkrebs‐Vorsorge haben Patienten in Deutschland die Wahl zwischen einem direkten Screening durch Dermatologen oder einem ersten Screening durch Hausärzte mit anschließendem dermatologischen Screening, falls eine Abklärung erforderlich ist. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Untersuchung, ob Screenings durch Hausärzte mit einer Risikoselektion bei nachfolgenden dermatologischen Screenings einhergehen.Patienten und MethodikBasierend auf Abrechnungsdaten einer deutschen Krankenversicherung (Barmer GEK) wurde eine retrospektive Beobachtungsstudie durchgeführt. Analysiert wurden Patientenpfade der Hautkrebsscreenings von 2008 bis 2016. Die Prüfung von Unterschieden zwischen beiden Gruppen erfolgte über 95 %‐Konfidenzintervalle.ErgebnisseEs wurden 495 000 initiale und 111 000 Zweituntersuchungen bei Dermatologen analysiert. Der Anteil anschließender Exzisionen war bei initialen Screenings durch Dermatologen niedriger. Um eine Person mit nichtmelanozytärem Hautkrebs beziehungsweise Melanom zu diagnostizieren, waren, abhängig von der Art berücksichtigter Exzisionen, fünf beziehungsweise 23 bis 42 Exzisionen notwendig. Die Anzahl der Untersuchungen, um einen Patienten zu identifizieren, lag zwischen 25 bis 53 für nichtmelanozytären Hautkrebs und 42 bis 165 für Melanome. Für das Melanom war die Anzahl der Exzisionen und Screening‐Untersuchungen, um einen Hautkrebs zu diagnostizieren, bei Zweituntersuchungen geringer.SchlussfolgerungenDie Ergebnisse weisen auf eine Risikoselektion durch eine Erstuntersuchung bei Hausärzten hin. Es existieren jedoch weitere Aspekte, die bei einem Vergleich beider Pfade berücksichtigt werden sollten.
CAR‐T‐Zellen auf dem Weg zur praktischen Anwendung in der dermatologischen Onkologie
Authors: Uslu Ugur 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungEtwa die Hälfte aller Patienten mit metastasiertem Melanom können erfolgreich mit kombinierten Immuncheckpoint‐Inhibitoren gegen CTLA‐4 (Cytotoxic T‐Lymphocyte‐Associated Protein 4) und PD‐1 (Programmed Cell Death Protein 1) behandelt werden. Für Patienten, die auf diese Therapie nicht ansprechen, müssen andere Strategien und Behandlungsoptionen entwickelt werden. Ein interessanter Ansatz sind hier die chimären Antigenrezeptor (CAR)‐T‐Zellen. Diese neuartige Therapie hat bisher bei hämatologischen Malignomen eindrucksvolle Erfolge erzielt; der große Durchbruch bei soliden Tumoren steht allerdings noch aus. Beim Melanom und anderen soliden Tumoren sind noch einige Probleme zu lösen, um den Therapieansatz zu verbessern – eines davon sind Escape‐Mechanismen des Tumors, die überwunden werden müssen. In diesem Kontext konnten wir zeigen, dass durch Kombination zweier unterschiedlicher Methoden, nämlich lentiviraler Transduktion und RNA‐Elektroporation, ein und derselbe T‐Lymphozyt mit zwei verschiedenen tumorantigenspezifischen Rezeptoren ausgestattet werden kann. Noch bedarf es allerdings weiterer Analysen, um diese neue Strategie aus dem Labor ans Krankenbett zu bringen. Benötigt werden geeignete Ziel‐Antigene zur Vermeidung von on‐target/off‐tumor Toxizitäten sowie eine verbesserte Wirksamkeit der CAR‐T‐Zellen, um den potentiellen Nutzen dieses Ansatzes in der dermatologischen Onkologie zu maximieren.
Pilots flying with insulin‐treated diabetes
Authors: Russell‐Jones David L. , Hutchison Ewan J. , Roberts Graham A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeople with diabetes treated with insulin have often faced blanket bans from safety‐critical occupations, largely because of fear of incapacitation due to hypoglycaemia. Recent advances in insulin therapies, modes of administration, monitoring, and noninvasive monitoring techniques have allowed stereotypical views to be challenged. The aviation sector has led the way, in allowing pilots to fly while on insulin. Recently, countries that have traditionally been opposed to this have changed their minds, largely due to the increasing evidence of safety. The purpose of this review was to gather all available information to update clinicans. The physiology and pathophysiology underpinning glucose regulation and the management of diabetes in the air allowing certain insulin‐treated pilots to fly are discussed.
Cortisol promotes the cognitive regulation of high intensive emotions independent of timing
Authors: Langer Katja , Jentsch Valerie L. , Wolf Oliver T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFailures to cognitively downregulate negative emotions are a crucial risk factor for mental disorders. Previous studies provide evidence for a stress‐induced improvement of cognitive emotion regulation possibly mediated via glucocorticoid actions. Cortisol can initialize immediate non‐genomic as well as delayed genomic effects on cognitive control functioning, but its distinct effects on emotion regulation processes remain to be shown. Here, we sought to characterize time‐dependent effects of oral cortisol administration on cognitive emotion regulation outcomes. We expected cortisol to improve emotion regulation success. Possible interactions with the delay between cortisol treatment and emotion regulation, strategy use and intensity of the emotional stimuli were examined. Eighty‐five healthy men received either 10 mg hydrocortisone or a placebo in a double‐blind, randomized design 30 or 90 min prior to an emotion regulation paradigm, in which they were asked to downregulate their emotional responses towards low and high intensive negative pictures via reappraisal or distraction. Affective ratings and pupil dilation served as outcome measures. Reduced arousal, enhanced valence ratings as well as increases in pupil dilations indexing the cognitive regulatory effort indicated successful downregulation of negative emotions evoked by high intensive but not low intensive negative pictures. Cortisol significantly reduced arousal ratings when downregulating high intensive negative emotions via distraction and (at a trend level) via reappraisal, independent of timing, demonstrating a beneficial effect of cortisol on subjective regulatory outcomes. Taken together, this study provides initial evidence suggesting that cortisol promotes the cognitive control of high intensive negative emotions both, 30 and 90 min after treatment.
Private‐label consumer studies: A review and future research agenda
Authors: Riboldazzi Sabina , Capriello Antonella , Martin Drew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFocusing on the consumer studies, this review investigates the private label (PL) research to identify emerging themes and future research avenues. Through a systematic review approach, we outline theories, contexts, and methods described in 145 PLconsumer studies published over the past five decades, unveiling a growing and formative body of literature consisting of five themes aggregated into the following three overarching themes: (1) PL buyer characteristics and perceptions, (2) PL marketing stimuli, and (3) PL post‐purchase‐related factors. In the context of these thematic areas, the present study identifies the factors influencing PL buying decision, highlighting peculiarities and characteristics of PL consumer behavior. Finally, we delineate long‐range research goals of PL consumer studies.
Predictors of real‐world utilisation of docetaxel combined with androgen deprivation therapy in metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Azad Arun A. , Tran Ben , Davis Ian D. , Parente Phillip , Evans Melanie , Wong Shirley , Brown Stephen , Evans Sue , Millar Jeremy , Murphy Declan G. , Papa Nathan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDocetaxel has emerged as a standard‐of‐care for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Uptake of docetaxel for mHSPC in Australia has not previously been reported.AimsTo investigate the real‐world uptake of docetaxel in mHSPC and to identify predictors of utilisation of docetaxel in mHSPC.MethodsMen diagnosed from June 2014 to December 2018 and enrolled in the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Registry‐Victoria (PCOR‐Vic) were included. Data collected include demographics, diagnosis method and institution, staging investigations and treatments within 12 months of diagnosis. Wilcoxon rank‐sum, Chi‐squared and trend tests were used to identify predictors of docetaxel utilisation. All predictors were entered as covariates simultaneously into a multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical significance was set at 0.05 (two sided).ResultsIn all, 1014 men with mHSPC were analysed, 25% of whom received docetaxel with androgen deprivation therapy. Uptake of docetaxel increased from 20% in 2014 to 33% in 2018. Predictors of higher usage of docetaxel were younger age and treatment in a private hospital, with both remaining significant on multivariable analysis. Notably, the proportion of men aged <70 years receiving docetaxel increased from 54% in 2014–2015 to 64% in 2016–2018, while in men aged ≥70 years the comparative figures were 15% and 22% respectively.ConclusionsAlthough docetaxel was not used in the majority of cases, there was a clear increase in docetaxel uptake, especially in younger men following publication of the CHAARTED and STAMPEDE trials. Identifying barriers to real‐world implementation of pivotal clinical trial data is critical to improving outcomes in mHSPC.
Big in the tropics: Ecogeographical clines in peccary size reveal the converse of Bergmann’s rule
Authors: Hendges Carla Deonisia , Patterson Bruce D. , Cáceres Nilton C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimBergmann's rule is an ecogeographical rule that describes a negative relationship between body size and temperature. Here, we used a multivariate measure of skull size (centroid size) as a proxy for body size to test the influence of temperature, precipitation, elevation, human influence and competition on size in Dicotyles tajacu and Tayassu pecari.LocationAmerican tropics and sub‐tropics.TaxonTayassuidae.MethodsUsing geometric morphometric methods, we measured 426 adult skulls of both peccary species from 174 different localities south of the equator and 83 in the north. We explored the effects of temperature, precipitation, altitude and human influence, controlling for spatial autocorrelation, using ordinary least squares models and the Akaike information criterion. Size differences where the species occur allopatrically or sympatrically, where competition could be a factor, were investigated using ANCOVA models.ResultsWe found that peccaries were larger in the tropics. Temperature and precipitation explained the size variation of both peccaries in the southern hemisphere, whereas human influence is a predictor of size only for T. pecari. Size variation of northern D. tajacu is mainly explained by elevation and temperature. Tayassu pecari is consistently larger than D. tajacu in both hemispheres. Peccaries did not exhibit significant shifts in either rate of change in size or size–latitude relationships between allopatric and sympatric areas.Main conclusionsGeographical variation in size of these peccaries does not support Bergmann's rule. In the tropics, precipitation and human influence appear to exert strong selective pressures on body size of peccaries, whose resource utilization patterns are shaped by group living. Size differences of the two species across the continents may contribute to their stable coexistence via interference rather than exploitative competition.
Artificial intelligence in prediction of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis
Authors: Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Yuen Pong‐Chi , Ma Andy Jinhua , Chan Anthony Wing‐Hung , Leung Howard Ho‐Wai , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly widespread in our daily lives, including healthcare applications. AI has brought many new insights into better ways we care for our patients with chronic liver disease, including non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis. There are multiple ways to apply the AI technology on top of the conventional invasive (liver biopsy) and noninvasive (transient elastography, serum biomarkers, or clinical prediction models) approaches. In this review article, we discuss the principles of applying AI on electronic health records, liver biopsy, and liver images. A few common AI approaches include logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, and XGBoost for data at a single time stamp, recurrent neural networks for sequential data, and deep neural networks for histology and images.
Artificial intelligence in liver disease
Authors: Lee Hye Won , Sung Joseph J Y , Ahn Sang Hoon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that attempts to mimic human intelligence, such as learning and problem‐solving skills. The use of AI in hepatology occurred later than in gastroenterology. Nevertheless, studies on applying AI to liver disease have recently increased. AI in hepatology can be applied for detecting liver fibrosis, differentiating focal liver lesions, predicting prognosis of chronic liver disease, and diagnosing of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We expect that AI will eventually help manage patients with liver disease, predict the clinical outcomes, and reduce medical errors. However, there are several hurdles that need to be overcome. Here, we will briefly review the areas of liver disease to which AI can be applied.
Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sato Masaya , Tateishi Ryosuke , Yatomi Yutaka , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite recent improvements in therapeutic interventions, hepatocellular carcinoma is still associated with a poor prognosis in patients with an advanced disease at diagnosis. Recently, significant progress has been made in image recognition through advances in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) (or machine learning), especially deep learning. AI is a multidisciplinary field that draws on the fields of computer science and mathematics for developing and implementing computer algorithms capable of maximizing the predictive accuracy from static or dynamic data sources using analytic or probabilistic models. Because of the multifactorial and complex nature of liver diseases, the machine learning approach to integrate multiple factors would appear to be an advantageous approach to improve the likelihood of making a precise diagnosis and predicting the response of treatment and prognosis of liver diseases. In this review, we attempted to summarize the potential use of AI in the diagnosis and management of liver diseases, especially hepatocellular carcinoma.