bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Spatial Representation on the Quality of Prosthodontic Procedures
Authors: Wakam Raphaël , Riom Sixtine , Leroy Maxime , Dehurtevent Marion 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe correlation between the three‐dimensional spatial representation (3DSR) abilities, specifically involving spatial orientation, spatial visualisation and spatial relationship, and the performance in exercises related to preclinical practical exams in fixed prosthodontics and removable partial denture is not studied.ObjectiveAssess the correlation between the 3DSR abilities and the performance in exercises related to preclinical practical exams in fixed prosthodontics and removable partial denture carried out by second and third year dental students.Materials and MethodsThe 3DSR abilities (spatial orientation, spatial visualisation and spatial relationship) and the scores of preclinical practical exams in prosthetics were tested on 187 students. All tests were carried out during 2 weeks. The association was tested by Spearman's correlation or Wilcoxon's signed ranks test and adjusted using Holm's method. The comparison of the 3DSR scores between second and third year students was performed by Student's test (α = 0.05).ResultsFor second year students, there is no correlation between the 3DSR score and the removable partial denture score, whereas a correlation (p = 0.048) was found with the fixed prosthodontic score. For third year students, there is a positive correlation (Rho = 0.23) with the removable partial denture score (p = 0.024), but no correlation was found with the fixed prosthodontic score. There was no significant difference between the second year and the third year students (p = 0.360).ConclusionsThe 3DSR tests permitted to improve the performance of dental students during preclinical practical exams in fixed prosthodontics or removable partial denture.
Post‐Relapse Outcomes of Older Patients With NPM1‐Mutated AML Are Favorable With Allo Transplant in Second Remission
Authors: Frisch Avraham , Ganzel Chezi , Ofran Yishai , Krayem Baher , Haran Arnon , Vainstein Vladimir , Aumann Shlomzion , Even‐Zohar Noa Gross , Nachmias Boaz 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMolecular assessment of measurable residual disease (MRD) in NPM1‐mutated AML patients is a powerful prognostic tool to identify the risk of relapse. There is limited data regarding MRD‐guided decisions against alloSCT in elderly patients and FLT3–ITD co‐mutation. We describe the outcome of NPM1‐mutated AML patients in whom alloSCT was deferred based on ELN 2017 risk and MRD response. We report a relapse rate of 53% in this group, with a much higher incidence for older than 60 years patients than for younger patients (73% vs. 37%). When comparing outcomes of alloSCT in CR1 to intensive chemotherapy consolidation within each age group, patients over 60 years and patients with FLT3–ITD co‐mutation had significantly lower RFS with intensive consolidation. Yet, in all subgroups, the lower RFS did not translate into OS difference, suggesting that relapsed NPM1 patients can often be salvaged and consequently achieve long‐term remission. Our study supports the use of MRD response along with FLT3–ITD status in the decision to use post‐remission therapy. We demonstrate that older patients and patients with FLT3–ITD‐mutated AML have a high relapse rate but can be salvaged, leading to long‐term survival.
Environmental Conditions Modulate Warming Effects on Plant Litter Decomposition Globally
Authors: Schwieger Sarah , Dorrepaal Ellen , Petit Bon Matteo , Vandvik Vigdis , le Roux Elizabeth , Strack Maria , Yang Yan , Venn Susanna , van den Hoogen Johan , Valiño Fernando , Thomas Haydn J. D. , te Beest Mariska , Suzuki Satoshi , Petraglia Alessandro , Myers‐Smith Isla H. , Munir Tariq Muhammad , Michelsen Anders , Løkken Jørn Olav , Li Qi , Koike Takayoshi , Klanderud Kari , Karr Ellen Haakonsen , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg Svala , Hollister Robert D. , Hofgaard Annika , Hassan Ibrahim A. , Genxu Wang , Filippova Nina , Crowther Thomas W. , Clark Karin , Christiansen Casper T. , Casanova‐Katny Angelica , Carbognani Michele , Bokhorst Stef , Björnsdóttir Katrín , Asplund Johan , Althuizen Inge , Alonso Rocío , Alatalo Juha , Agathokleous Evgenios , Aerts Rien , Sarneel Judith M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEmpirical studies worldwide show that warming has variable effects on plant litter decomposition, leaving the overall impact of climate change on decomposition uncertain. We conducted a meta‐analysis of 109 experimental warming studies across seven continents, using natural and standardised plant material, to assess the overarching effect of warming on litter decomposition and identify potential moderating factors. We determined that at least 5.2° of warming is required for a significant increase in decomposition. Overall, warming did not have a significant effect on decomposition at a global scale. However, we found that warming reduced decomposition in warmer, low‐moisture areas, while it slightly increased decomposition in colder regions, although this increase was not significant. This is particularly relevant given the past decade's global warming trend at higher latitudes where a large proportion of terrestrial carbon is stored. Future changes in vegetation towards plants with lower litter quality, which we show were likely to be more sensitive to warming, could increase carbon release and reduce the amount of organic matter building up in the soil. Our findings highlight how the interplay between warming, environmental conditions, and litter characteristics improves predictions of warming's impact on ecosystem processes, emphasising the importance of considering context‐specific factors.
Central Taxa Are Keystone Microbes During Early Succession
Authors: Rawstern Amanda H. , Hernandez Damian J. , Afkhami Michelle E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMicroorganisms underpin numerous ecosystem processes and support biodiversity globally. Yet, we understand surprisingly little about what structures environmental microbiomes, including how to efficiently identify key players. Microbiome network theory predicts that highly connected hubs act as keystones, but this has never been empirically tested in nature. Combining culturing, sequencing, networks and field experiments, we isolated ‘central’ (highly connected, hub taxa), ‘intermediate’ (moderately connected), and ‘peripheral’ (weakly/unconnected) microbes and experimentally evaluated their effects on soil microbiome assembly during early succession in nature. Central early colonisers significantly (1) enhanced biodiversity (35%–40% richer communities), (2) reshaped trajectories of microbiome assembly and (3) increased recruitment of additional influential microbes by > 60%. In contrast, peripheral microbes did not increase diversity and were transient taxa, minimally affected by the presence of other microbes. This work elucidates fundamental principles of network theory in microbial ecology and demonstrates for the first time in nature that central microbes act as keystone taxa.
Identifying the Knowledge and Capacity Gaps in Southeast Asian Insect Conservation
Authors: Ong Xin Rui , Tan Belle , Chang Charlotte H. , Puniamoorthy Nalini , Slade Eleanor M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTInsects represent most of terrestrial animal biodiversity, and multiple reports suggest that their populations are declining globally due to anthropogenic impacts. Yet, a high proportion of insect species remain undescribed and limited data on their population dynamics hamper insect conservation efforts. This is particularly critical in tropical biodiversity hotspots such as Southeast Asia. To identify knowledge and capacity gaps in Southeast Asian insect conservation, we performed a quantitative review of insect occurrence records, studies for the region and global ‘#conservation’ posts from Twitter. We found that occurrence records increased over time, and were dominated by butterflies. Overall, studies were largely focused on pest and vector groups, and insect conservation and ecology studies were lacking in many countries. Despite an increase in local authorships and funding sources over time, the majority of these were still located outside of Southeast Asia. In ‘#conservation’ posts, insects were highly under‐represented and insect‐related content was biased towards popular groups such as bees and butterflies. We suggest potential solutions to address these gaps, such as integrative taxonomic approaches, and increasing regional collaborations and public engagements. Crucially, we stress the need for political will and funding to overcome the impediments towards insect conservation efforts in Southeast Asia.
Predicting the Effects of Climate Change on the Fertility of Aquatic Animals Using a Meta‐Analytic Approach
Authors: Chatten Amber , Grieve Isobel , Meligoniti Eirini , Hayward Claudia , Pilakouta Natalie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGiven that reproductive physiology is highly sensitive to thermal stress, there is increasing concern about the effects of climate change on animal fertility. Even a slight reduction in fertility can have consequences for population growth and survival, so it is critical to better understand and predict the potential effects of climate change on reproductive traits. We synthesised 1894 effect sizes across 276 studies on 241 species to examine thermal effects on fertility in aquatic animals. Our meta‐analysis revealed that external fertilisers tend to be more vulnerable to warming than internal fertilisers, especially in freshwater species. We also found that increased temperature is particularly detrimental for gametes and that under certain conditions, female fertility is more sensitive to warming than male fertility, challenging the prevailing view that males are more vulnerable. This work provides valuable new insights into the effects of temperature on fertility, with potential consequences for population viability.
Forty‐hertz sensory entrainment impedes kindling epileptogenesis and reduces amyloid pathology in an Alzheimer disease mouse model
Authors: Tinston Jennifer , Hudson Matthew R. , Harutyunyan Anna , Chen Zhibin , Jones Nigel C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer disease (AD) recapitulates amyloid‐beta (Aβ) deposition and pronounced seizure susceptibility observed in patients with AD. Forty‐hertz audiovisual stimulation is a noninvasive technique that entrains gamma neural oscillations and can reduce Aβ pathology and modulate glial expression in AD models. We hypothesized that 40‐Hz sensory stimulation would improve seizure susceptibility in 5xFAD mice and this would be associated with reduction of plaques and modulation of glial phenotypes.Methods5xFAD mice and wild‐type (WT) littermates received 1 h/day 40‐Hz audiovisual stimulation or sham (n = 7–11/group), beginning 2 weeks before and continuing throughout amygdala kindling epileptogenesis. Postmortem analyses included Aβ pathology and morphology of astrocytes and microglia.Results5xFAD mice exhibited enhanced susceptibility to seizures compared to WT, evidenced by fewer stimulations to reach kindling endpoint (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.46, p < .0001) and a trend to higher seizure severity (odds ratio [OR] = .34, p = .059). Forty‐hertz stimulation reduced the behavioral severity of the first seizure (OR = 4.04, p = .02) and delayed epileptogenesis, increasing the number of stimulations required to reach kindling endpoint (IRR = .82, p = .01) compared to sham, regardless of genotype. 5xFAD mice receiving sensory stimulation exhibited ~50% reduction in amyloid pathology compared to sham. Furthermore, markers of astrocytes and microglia were upregulated in both genotypes receiving 40‐Hz stimulation.SignificanceForty‐hertz sensory entrainment slows epileptogenesis in the mouse amygdala kindling model. Although this intervention improves Aβ pathology in 5xFAD mice, the observed antiepileptogenic effect may also relate to effects on glia, because mice without Aβ plaques (i.e., WT) also experienced antiepileptogenic effects of the intervention.
Spectrophotometric analyses on electronic structures of glide dislocation cores in ZnS
Authors: Ogura Yu , Mishina Kaito , Hoshino Sena , Higuchi Kimitaka , Yokoi Tatsuya , Nakamura Atsutomo , Matsunaga Katsuyuki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIt has been reported that dislocations in ZnS can trap photoexcited carriers and then undergo core reconstruction. However, electronic states of the trapped carriers at the reconstructed dislocations were not detected experimentally. In this study, unique ultraviolet (UV)–visible–infrared (IR) transmission measurements by using a spectrophotometer with UV pump beam were performed for deformed ZnS single crystals having glide dislocations. Optical transmission values of the deformed specimens decreased by the pump beam illumination apparently. Additionally, the optical transmission reductions increased more with rising plastic strains, namely, rising dislocation density. Since the UV pump beam can produce photoexcited carriers of electrons and holes, it is expected that the glide dislocations introduced in the deformed specimens undergo core reconstruction due to carrier trapping. Therefore, it is thought that the observed reduction in optical transmission of the deformed specimens is ascribed to photoabsorption due to in‐gap states localized at the reconstructed partial dislocation cores. Moreover, time‐dependent transmission measurements revealed that the core reconstruction proceed rapidly while the opposite processes are quite slow, which may be closely related to atomic structure changes of the glide dislocation cores due to the additional pump beam illumination.
Landscape Effects on Local Species Richness of Woody Specialists in Subtropical Montane Cloud Forest of Taiwan
Authors: Tseng Yu‐Pei , Zelený David , Hsieh Chang‐Fu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimHow is the local species richness of woody specialists in vegetation plots located within subtropical montane cloud forests (SMCFs) affected by the landscape structure of the surrounding SMCF habitat patch?LocationSubtropical montane cloud forests in Taiwan.TaxonWoody species specialised in growing in foggy conditions.MethodsWe used plant occurrence data from major herbaria together with fog frequency data to identify fog specialists of SMCFs in Taiwan. Subsequently, we extracted 20 × 20 m forest vegetation plots from the National Vegetation Database of Taiwan and calculated the richness of woody specialists in each of them. Using a published predicted SMCFs distribution map, we estimated the landscape context of SMCFs around each vegetation plot within circular buffer zones of increasing radius. The variables of landscape structure include those related to the area of SMCFs habitat (area and connectivity), surrounding heterogeneity (topographical heterogeneity and vegetation diversity) and edge effect (the nearest distance from the plot to the edge and the edge length). The multiple linear regression model was used to investigate which of the three mechanisms of landscape context has the strongest effect on the local richness of fog specialists.ResultsOnly the area of SMCFs habitat patch shows a significant positive effect on the local species richness of woody specialists in the plot when considering all the landscape variables. Area per se might be a possible mechanism that supports this positive species‐area relationship. Additionally, the area of SMCFs patch is highly correlated with connectivity, indicating that larger SMCF patches enhance connectivity beyond buffer zones, sustaining species through the rescue effect from the regional species pool.Main ConclusionsPatch size and connectivity are crucial for the species richness of woody specialists in SMCFs in Taiwan. For conservation, we recommend protecting larger, less fragmented SMCF patches to maintain biodiversity.
Climate‐Driven Vegetation Characteristics Shape Phytophagous and Carnivorous Insect Diversity in South African Savannahs
Authors: Gaona Fernando P. , Delabye Sylvain , Potocký Pavel , Govorov Valeriy , Čuda Jan , Foxcroft Llewellyn C. , Garlacz Rafał , Hejda Martin , MacFadyen Sandra , Pyrcz Tomasz , Pyšková Klára , Sedláček Ondřej , Storch David , Pyšek Petr , Tropek Robert 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimDespite the evidenced importance of insects in savannah ecosystems, the drivers of their diversity patterns remain poorly understood, particularly in the Afrotropical region. This study addresses part of this gap by investigating the effects of climate, habitat, disturbance and vegetation variables on species richness and community composition of phytophagous and predatory insects in South African savannahs.LocationKruger National Park (KNP), South Africa.TaxonPhytophagous insects (moths) and carnivorous insects (mantises).MethodsMoths and mantises were light‐trapped in 60 plots distributed across KNP during two seasons. Direct and indirect effects of environmental variables on insect species richness were analysed using structural equation models, and on community composition through distance‐based redundancy analyses (db‐RDA).ResultsBased on an extensive dataset of 65,593 moth individuals representing 817 species and 3511 mantis individuals representing 38 species, we identified plant communities as the primary driver of species richness and community structure for both insect groups. The effects of vegetation on insect communities were indirectly shaped by climate, particularly mean temperature (negatively correlated with precipitation), through its effects on plant species richness. Additionally, a complex interplay among bedrock type, water availability and disturbance from large herbivores further shaped insect diversity.Main ConclusionsOur findings highlight the critical role of plant species richness in determining insect diversity patterns in savannah ecosystems. We also confirmed the region's vulnerability to climate change, as decreasing precipitation and increasing temperatures alter vegetation composition and biomass, consequently affecting insect communities. Effective conservation strategies should focus on managing large herbivores to maintain diverse vegetation, which is crucial for supporting insect diversity. Priority should be given to balancing water availability and disturbance intensity, particularly in preserving the health of rivers and their surroundings, to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on these ecosystems.
Deciphering the Role of SLFN12: A Novel Biomarker for Predicting Immunotherapy Outcomes in Glioma Patients Through Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Chen Zigui , Liu Chao , Zheng Wei , Fang Yuhua , Zhang He , Luo Jiawei , Li Jiale , Qiu Yingqi , Peng Jun , Xia Ying , Miao Changfeng , Luo Qisheng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGliomas are the most prevalent form of primary brain tumours. Recently, targeting the PD‐1 pathway with immunotherapies has shown promise as a novel glioma treatment. However, not all patients experience long‐lasting benefits, underscoring the necessity to discover reliable biomarkers for predicting treatment outcomes. This study applied a range of advanced artificial intelligence methods to identify a new biomarker linked to the effectiveness of anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy in glioma patients. Through an extensive analysis of single‐cell RNA sequencing and bulk transcriptomic data from over 3000 patients, the gene SLFN12 emerged as a significant and independent predictor of immunotherapy response. Our results indicate that elevated SLFN12 expression is associated with worse overall survival across various glioma cohorts. Notably, we found that patients with high SLFN12 levels are less likely to respond favourably to anti‐PD‐1 treatment, positioning SLFN12 as a clinically valuable biomarker for personalised treatment decisions. Functional studies revealed that SLFN12 is involved in key immune‐related pathways, shedding light on its potential role in altering the tumour microenvironment and impacting immunotherapy outcomes. Additional laboratory experiments confirmed the role of SLFN12 in promoting glioma cell proliferation, migration and macrophage recruitment. In summary, this study identifies SLFN12 as a novel biomarker for predicting immunotherapy response in glioma patients, offering new insights for precision immunotherapy approaches.
Leveraging Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Profiling for Precision Skin Care: How SNPs Shape Individual Responses in Cosmetic Dermatology
Authors: Haykal Diala 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionSingle‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent a significant genetic variation influencing individual responses to cosmetic dermatology treatments. SNP profiling offers a pathway to personalized skincare by enabling practitioners to predict patient outcomes, customize interventions, and mitigate risks.BackgroundThe integration of genetic insights into dermatology has gained traction, with SNP analysis revealing predispositions in skin characteristics, such as collagen degradation, pigmentation, and inflammatory responses. Key SNPs, including MMP1, SOD2, TYR, and IL‐6, are pivotal in determining skin health and treatment outcomes. Despite its promise, the adoption of SNP profiling in cosmetic dermatology is in its infancy, requiring further exploration of its practical applications.ResultsSNPs significantly influence skin responses to aesthetic treatments, offering insights for personalized care. Variations in MMP1 correlate with collagen degradation, suggesting collagen‐stimulating therapies, while SOD2 SNPs highlight the need for antioxidant support. TYR variations affect pigmentation risks in light‐based treatments, and IL‐6 SNPs reveal inflammatory predispositions, guiding anti‐inflammatory protocols. AI integration enhances SNP profiling by improving prediction accuracy and treatment customization. Challenges remain, including standardization, ethical considerations, and cost‐effectiveness. Combining genetic insights with epigenetics and leveraging AI technologies can amplify precision and safety in dermatologic care.ConclusionSNP profiling marks a transformative step toward precision medicine in cosmetic dermatology, enabling tailored treatments that enhance efficacy and minimize adverse effects. Integrating AI‐driven SNP analysis with epigenetic insights provides a comprehensive approach to patient care, fostering a new era of personalized skincare that respects genetic and environmental interactions. This paradigm shift holds the potential to redefine dermatologic practices, improving outcomes and patient satisfaction.