bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bulk arthropod abundance, biomass and diversity estimation using deep learning for computer vision
Authors: Schneider Stefan , Taylor Graham W. , Kremer Stefan C. , Burgess Patrick , McGroarty Jillian , Mitsui Kyomi , Zhuang Alex , deWaard Jeremy R. , Fryxell John M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Arthropod abundance, biomass and taxonomic diversity are key metrics often used to assess the efficacy of restoration efforts. Gathering these metrics is a slow and laborious process, quantified by an expert manually sorting and weighing arthropod specimens. We present a tool to accelerate bulk arthropod classification and biomass estimates utilizing machine learning methods for computer vision.

Our approach requires pre‐sorted arthropod samples to create a training dataset. We construct a dataset considering 18 terrestrial arthropod functional groups collected in southern Ontario, Canada. The dataset contains 517 high‐resolution images with approximately 20 individuals per image taken from either a petri dish or a bulk tray. Our tool uses the watershed algorithm to obtain precisely cropped individuals without any object annotations. After manually sorting cropped images of biological ‘debris’ and petri dish edges, three classifiers, DenseNet121, ResNet101 and MobileNetv2, each with trade‐offs of computational efficiency versus accuracy, are trained and compared to predict arthropod functional groups for each cropped individual. To calculate biomass, we compare seven linear and nonlinear models considering the arthropod pixel masks obtained using the watershed algorithm, in combination with images of a single function group with recorded weights, to calculate the per pixel density per functional group.

From our experimentation, we recommend using DenseNet121 as it had the highest top‐1 functional group classification accuracy, likely a result of being the model with the largest number of parameters, with 86.14% considering the 20 labelled classes (18 arthropods plus debris and petri dish edge) in comparison to ResNet101 (85.10%) and MobileNetv2 (84.94%). For biomass estimation, we recommend using the average per pixel density which had the highest ranked performance considering both total error, 0.043 g (0.855% error), and cumulative class‐specific error, 1.62 g (40.67% average error across all classes), in comparison to the total ground truth biomass of 5.10 g. Our estimated Simpson's Index of Diversity was 0.9404 in comparison to the ground truth 0.9408.

Our method simultaneously classifies >1,000 arthropods to functional groupings while estimating total and class specific biomass, without any computer vision bounding box or mask annotations, all from a single photo. We release our code and dataset to further research efforts in computer vision for arthropod classification.
Central venous catheter‐related complications in hematologic patients: An observational study
Authors: Rockholt Mika M. , Thorarinsdottir Hulda R. , Lazarevic Vladimir , Rundgren Malin , Kander Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe frequency of central venous catheter (CVC)‐related complications in hematologic patients has previously been studied but some uncertainty remains. Therefore, this observational cohort study was designed primarily to investigate mechanical and infectious complications related to CVC insertion in hematologic patients and secondarily to identify factors associated with these complications.MethodsDocumented data on CVC insertions in all adult hematologic patients who received a CVC from 2013 to 2019 at a University Hospital in Sweden were retrospectively collected.ResultsA total of 589 CVC insertions in 387 patients were included. The prevalence of moderate and severe mechanical complications, predominantly comprising grades 2–4 bleeding, was 11%. Preprocedural coagulopathy, number of needle passes, and arterial puncture were all independently associated with grades 2–4 bleeding. The incidence of suspected catheter‐related infections (sCRI) was 3.7/1000 catheter days. Higher body mass index and male gender were independently associated with sCRI.ConclusionsPatients with hematologic malignancies have a high risk of both grades 2–4 bleeding and sCRI after CVC insertion. This underlines the importance of optimizing the conditions at the insertion and also of daily inspections, evaluation of future needs, and extra precautions to avoid sCRI in these susceptible patients.
Letter: hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B—the chicken‐and‐egg conundrum
Authors: Huang Shang‐Chin , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: December 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Zheng et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16595 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16698
Editorial: rumination—more frequent than previously thought. Authors’ reply
Authors: Zand Irani Mudar , Talley Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2021

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Zand Irani et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16630 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16660
A nationwide cohort study of the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Sweden from 1990 to 2014
Authors: Forss Anders , Clements Mark , Bergman David , Roelstraete Bjorn , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Myrelid Pär , Halfvarson Jonas , Olén Ola , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryBackgroundEpidemiological studies have shown inconsistent incidence rates (IRs) for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).AimTo assess the incidence and temporal trends of IBD in Sweden.MethodsNationwide cohort study based on diagnostic codes for IBD and biopsy reports registered through the ESPRESSO cohort in 1990‐2014. Age‐specific and age‐standardised IRs and cumulative incidence were calculated.ResultsOverall, we identified 65 908 cases of incident IBD: ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 38 261, 58%), Crohn’s disease (CD, n = 18 577, 28%) and IBD‐U (n = 9070, 14%). During 1990‐2014, the overall IRs per 100 000 person‐years were 29.0 (95% CI: 27.3‐30.7) for IBD, 16.9 (15.9‐17.9) for UC, and 8.1 (7.7‐8.6) for CD. For IBD‐U, the IR was 5.2 (4.9‐5.6) in 2002‐2014. The annual incidence of IBD, UC and CD increased by approximately 7% per year between 1990 and 2001 (P < 0.001) and then decreased by 1%‐2% per year from 2002 onwards (P < 0.001). IRs for IBD, UC and IBD‐U were higher in males while the IR for CD was higher in females. The lifetime risk of IBD was about 2.5% for both sexes.ConclusionsIn Sweden, the incidence of IBD in all subtypes increased in 1990‐2001 but has since declined. One in 40 individuals is expected to be diagnosed with IBD during their lifetime.
Assessment of adherence, treatment satisfaction and knowledge of direct oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Moudallel Souad , van Laere Sven , Cornu Pieter , Dupont Alain , Steurbaut Stephane 
Published: December 2021

AimsDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly used for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. However, little is known about the association between medication adherence, patient satisfaction and treatment knowledge. The objective was to determine patients' DOAC adherence and their treatment satisfaction over time. Furthermore, we respectively investigated possible associations of treatment satisfaction and treatment knowledge in relation to adherence.MethodsLongitudinal study conducted in atrial fibrillation patients hospitalized in 2019 in a tertiary university hospital. DOAC adherence, treatment satisfaction and knowledge were assessed with validated questionnaires. Mixed effects logistic regression was modelled to investigate the effect of both treatment satisfaction and knowledge on DOAC adherence over time.ResultsIn total, 164 patients participated of whom 128 and 101 patients could be recontacted after a period of, respectively, 3 (first contact) and 6 months (second contact) to assess adherence and treatment satisfaction. Suboptimal adherence was observed in 40.6% of the patients after 3 months and in 42.6% after 6 months (P = .78). There was no significant difference (P = .29) in the total score for treatment satisfaction between the first (79.2%) and the second contact (80.6%). DOAC adherence was not affected by time (P = .71) nor by total knowledge score (P = .61) or treatment satisfaction score (P = .34). Nonetheless, a strong correlation between treatment satisfaction and knowledge was found (P = .004).ConclusionDOAC adherence was suboptimal. Treatment satisfaction and knowledge were not associated with DOAC adherence over a 6‐month period. Knowledge gaps were identified that could be remediated through patient education and follow‐up.
Utilisation of Tectona grandis (teak) leaf extracts as natural hair dyes
Authors: Tibkawin Natthawadee , Suphrom Nungruthai , Nuengchamnong Nitra , Khorana Nantaka , Charoensit Pensri 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is now a preference for hair dye products containing natural dyes because they are safer for human use. Teak leaves contain flavonoids, anthraquinones and naphthoquinones, and their extracts can be used as natural dyes. The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of teak leaf extracts as natural hair dyes. This research was carried out on both young and mature teak leaves that were extracted either with water or with ethanol‐water mixtures using the decoction method. The colour substances in the extracts were studied by quantifying the flavonoid and anthraquinone content, and identified using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS); the colour values were measured with the CIELab system. The solubility, stability and hair dyeing efficacy of the extracts were assessed. The results showed that young leaf extract is redder with a higher total flavonoid content than mature leaf extract. Fifty percent ethanol was the best solvent for extracting the high flavonoids from teak leaves. Polysorbate 20 significantly increased the water solubility of both young and mature leaf extracts. Hair dyed with young leaf extract became reddish brown, while hair dyed with mature leaf extract became brown. Stability testing found some flavonoid degradation of the extracts, but only slight colour changes occurred in the extracts. The LC‐MS profiles showed high‐intensity flavonoid peaks that could be applied to control the colour quality of the extracts with other parameters. These results demonstrate that teak leaf extracts are effective natural hair dyes that can be used in the development of hair dye products.
Brain responses during auditory word recognition vary with reading ability in Chinese school‐age children
Authors: Zou Lijuan , Xia Zhichao , Zhang Wei , Zhang Xianglin , Shu Hua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile the close relationship between the brain system for speech processing and reading development is well‐documented in alphabetic languages, whether and how such a link exists in children in a language without systematic grapheme‐phoneme correspondence has not been directly investigated. In the present study, we measured Chinese children's brain activation during an auditory lexical decision task with functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results showed that brain areas distributed across the temporal and frontal lobes activated during spoken word recognition. In addition, the left occipitotemporal cortex (OTC) was recruited, especially under the real word condition, thus confirming the involvement of this orthographic‐related area in spoken language processing in Chinese children. Importantly, activation of the left temporoparietal cortex (TPC) in response to words and pseudowords was positively correlated with children's reading ability, thus supporting the salient role phonological processing plays in Chinese reading in the developing brain. Furthermore, children with higher reading scores also increasingly recruited the left anterior OTC to make decisions on the lexical status of pseudowords, indicating that higher‐skill children tend to search abstract lexical representations more deeply than lower‐skill children in deciding whether spoken syllables are real. In contrast, the precuneus was more related to trial‐by‐trial reaction time in lower‐skill children, suggesting that effort‐related neural systems differ among pupils with varying reading abilities. Taken together, these findings suggest a strong link between the neural correlates of speech processing and reading ability in Chinese children, thus supporting a universal basis underlying reading development across languages.
Trends in basal insulin prescribing in older adults with chronic kidney disease in Ontario, Canada: A population‐based analysis from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Clemens Kristin K. , Ouédraogo Alexandra M. , Lam Melody , Muanda Flory Tsobo , Loeschnik Emma , Wilk Piotr , Shariff Salimah Z. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo examine trends in basal insulin prescribing in older adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Materials and MethodsWe conducted a population‐based study of adults aged 66 years or older with treated diabetes from 1 January 2010 to 30 September 2020 in Ontario, Canada. We examined prevalent and incident prescriptions for human NPH, Levemir, glargine‐100, Basaglar, glargine‐300, and degludec insulin over 43 study intervals. We present trends in those with CKD, and in a subgroup, by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). To provide context for prescribing, we provide demographics, co‐morbidities, and the healthcare utilization of included patients.ResultsIn CKD, use of basal insulin was about 2‐fold higher than in the general treated diabetes cohort. Prescriptions for NPH declined over time, while prescriptions for Levemir and glargine‐100 increased until 2018 then decreased. Following drug formulary approval (September 2018), prescriptions for glargine‐300 and degludec increased substantially. Incident prescriptions for basal insulin in CKD declined over time; however, in those with an eGFR of less than 30 ml/min/1.73m2, rates remained stable. In recent years, rates of degludec and glargine‐300 have rivalled glargine‐100.ConclusionsIn an era of new oral and injectable diabetes medications, the use of basal insulin has declined in older adults with CKD. However, in those with more advanced CKD, basal insulin, particularly newer analogues, remain a mainstay treatment.
Pricing art and the art of pricing: On returns and risk in art auction markets
Authors: Li Yuexin , Ma Marshall Xiaoyin , Renneboog Luc 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study price determinants and investment performance of art using a vast sample of transactions worldwide over the past 60 years. We focus on paintings and drawings which have appreciated at a real (nominal) annual return of 2.49% (6.24%). Higher art returns are reached for paintings at the high end of the price distribution, oil paintings, more recent art movements and transactions by reputable auction houses. The risk–return trade‐off of paintings underperforms that of other passion investments. Paintings' Sharpe ratios are below those of stocks, bonds and gold but outperform those of commodities and real estate. Investments in paintings enter the optimal investment portfolio.
Time series reversal in trend‐following strategies
Authors: Liu Jiadong , Papailias Fotis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper empirically studies the reversal pattern following the formation of trend‐following signals in the time series context. This reversal pattern is statistically significant and usually occurs between 12 and 24 months after the formation of trend‐following signals. Employing a universe of 55 liquid futures, we find that instruments with sell signals in the trend‐following portfolio (‘losers’) contribute to this type of reversal, even if their profits are not realised. The instruments with buy signals in the trend‐following portfolio (‘winners’) contribute much less. A double‐sorted investment strategy based on both return continuation and reversal yields to portfolio gains which are significantly higher than that of the corresponding trend‐following strategy.
Effects of a brief parenting intervention on Latinx mothers and their children
Authors: Mills Abigail L. , Lopez Mader Luisa , Burke Lefever Jennifer , Nuttall Amy K. , Bigelow Kathryn , Carta Judith J. , Borkowski John G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractParent‐Child Interactions (PCI) is a home visit parenting intervention designed to promote positive parenting and deter punitive approaches to child behavior management. With attention to the importance of providing efficacious interventions for families from diverse backgrounds, this study used a subsample from a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT) to examine the efficacy of PCI intervention among Latinx participants. PCI was offered to 170 at‐risk Latinx mother–child dyads, of whom the majority were primarily Spanish speaking. Dyads were randomly assigned to an intervention or a wait‐list control condition. Path analysis modeling was used to examine parenting outcomes as a mediator of program efficacy between group assignment and children's long‐term functioning. Results suggest that Latinx parent and child functioning benefited from PCI intervention 6 months following intervention. Specifically, model results indicated significant indirect effects of the PCI intervention on (1) cooperative child behavior and (2) children's externalizing behaviors 6‐months posttreatment via parenting at post test, with mother–child dyads assigned to the treatment condition, relative to the control, demonstrating better functioning 6‐months posttreatment. Overall, findings contribute to increased understanding of parenting intervention implementation among Latinx families.Recommendations for future study are discussed.
Contrasting drivers of belowground nitrogen cycling in a montane grassland exposed to a multifactorial global change experiment with elevated CO2, warming, and drought
Authors: Maxwell Tania L. , Canarini Alberto , Bogdanovic Ivana , Böckle Theresa , Martin Victoria , Noll Lisa , Prommer Judith , Séneca Joana , Simon Eva , Piepho Hans‐Peter , Herndl Markus , Pötsch Erich M. , Kaiser Christina , Richter Andreas , Bahn Michael , Wanek Wolfgang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDepolymerization of high‐molecular weight organic nitrogen (N) represents the major bottleneck of soil N cycling and yet is poorly understood compared to the subsequent inorganic N processes. Given the importance of organic N cycling and the rise of global change, we investigated the responses of soil protein depolymerization and microbial amino acid consumption to increased temperature, elevated atmospheric CO2, and drought. The study was conducted in a global change facility in a managed montane grassland in Austria, where elevated CO2 (eCO2) and elevated temperature (eT) were stimulated for 4 years, and were combined with a drought event. Gross protein depolymerization and microbial amino acid consumption rates (alongside with gross organic N mineralization and nitrification) were measured using 15N isotope pool dilution techniques. Whereas eCO2 showed no individual effect, eT had distinct effects which were modulated by season, with a negative effect of eT on soil organic N process rates in spring, neutral effects in summer, and positive effects in fall. We attribute this to a combination of changes in substrate availability and seasonal temperature changes. Drought led to a doubling of organic N process rates, which returned to rates found under ambient conditions within 3 months after rewetting. Notably, we observed a shift in the control of soil protein depolymerization, from plant substrate controls under continuous environmental change drivers (eT and eCO2) to controls via microbial turnover and soil organic N availability under the pulse disturbance (drought). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which analyzed the individual versus combined effects of multiple global change factors and of seasonality on soil organic N processes and thereby strongly contributes to our understanding of terrestrial N cycling in a future world.
Comparative study on composite buckwheat dough and steamed bread modified by transglutaminase and ascorbic acid
Authors: Zheng Qianna , Wei Teng , Song Yan , Guo Xin , Jiang Hao , Zhang Guoquan 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe effects of transglutaminase (TGase) and ascorbic acid (AA) on the processing properties of composite buckwheat dough (CBD) and composite buckwheat steamed bread were investigated in this study. Both TGase and AA significantly enhanced the peak and trough viscosity of CBD. With the addition of TGase or AA, storage modulus (G′) and viscous modulus (G″) of CBD increased first and then decreased, which was corroborated by data on protein secondary structure. Results revealed TGase and AA promoted protein crosslinking, and that TGase led to a more continuous, smoother dough structure than did AA. TGase and AA strongly affected hardness, adhesiveness and cohesiveness of CBD with a positive aspect. Compared with the steamed bread made with pure buckwheat, that made with composite buckwheat flour with TGase or AA had significantly lower hardness and gumminess rates within 30–60 min but no significant results were noted within 0–30 min.
Evaluating the agreement between children and their parents on dental pain in children using the self‐reported method
Authors: Brilhante Vitória Oliveira Magalhães , Costa Luciane Rezende , Corrêa‐Faria Patrícia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundHaving preschool children evaluate their dental pain can provide an additional insight into pain diagnoses and improve patient‐centered care. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between self‐reported dental pain by preschoolers and their parents' report (proxy measure).DesignThis cross‐sectional study was conducted with children aged 4 to 6 years, and with one of their parents. Dental pain was reported using the Simplified Faces Pain Scale (S‐FPS) and administered before the dental consultation. Dental pain was assessed using closed‐ended questions, and a three‐face scale was used to determine pain severity. The kappa and weighted kappa tests were used to evaluate the agreement between the children's self‐report and their parents' report.ResultsA total of 198 child‐parent dyads participated. Current child dental pain was reported by 44.4% of the children and 36.9% of the parents. Severe pain was reported most frequently between children (17.1%) and parents (16.2%). The agreement on the severity of dental pain ranged from substantial (children aged 6 years and parents: weighted kappa = 0.372) to moderate (4‐year‐olds: 0.412; 5‐year‐olds: 0.453).ConclusionChildren and parents agreed on the child's dental pain. The use of the S‐FPS among younger children appears valid and feasible for assessing dental pain.
Community participation in adults with autism: A systematic review
Authors: Cameron Lauren A. , Borland Ross L. , Tonge Bruce J. , Gray Kylie M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis systematic review aimed to explore how adults with autism participate in the community, the impact of community participation on quality of life and mental health, and factors that support and hinder participation.MethodA systematic review was conducted including studies published from inception to 17 January 2021.ResultsSixty‐three reports were included, reporting on 58 studies. Solitary activities, organised group activities, community activities, religious groups and online social participation were identified. The relationship between community participation and quality of life was examined. Barriers and facilitators to increased community participation were identified. Most studies had a moderate to high risk of bias.ConclusionAdults with autism participate in a range of independent and community activities. The impact of community participation on quality of life and mental health warrants further exploration. Future studies should find effective ways of supporting adults with autism to participate in the community.