bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, metallurgical features, mechanical performance and canal preparation of six reciprocating instruments
Authors: Martins J. N. R. , Silva E. J. N. L. , Marques D. , Belladonna F. , Simões‐Carvalho M. , Vieira V. T. L. , Antunes H. S. , Braz Fernandes F. M. B. , Versiani M. A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo compare six reciprocating instruments regarding their geometric design, metallurgical characteristics, mechanical behaviour and ability to prepare root canals.MethodologyA total of 246 new 25‐mm NiTi instruments (41 per group) from six reciprocating systems (Reciproc, Reciproc Blue, One Files, One Files Blue, Reverso Silver, and WaveOne Gold) were evaluated throughout a multimethod approach regarding their design using stereomicroscopy (number of blades and helix angle) and scanning electron microscopy (blades symmetry, cross section and surface finishing), nickel‐titanium composition, phase transformation temperatures, mechanical performance (cyclic fatigue, torsional and bending resistance) and unprepared canal surface area on anatomically matched mandibular molars assessed by micro‐CT. One‐way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s or Mood's median tests were selected depending on sample distribution with significance level set at 5%.ResultsThe instruments had similarities regarding their metal composition and unprepared canal area, whilst differences in phase transformation temperatures and geometric design (number of blades, surface finishing and tip geometry) were observed. Overall, no difference was observed regarding the maximum torque values (P > 0.05), whilst One Files (72 s) and One Files Blue (414 s) had the shortest and longest times to fracture, respectively (P < 0.05). Similar angles of rotation were observed in Reciproc (310°), One Files (285°) and Reverso Silver (318°) instruments (P > 0.05), which were significantly lower than Reciproc Blue (492°), One Files Blue (456°) and WaveOne Gold (492°; P < 0.05). Maximum bending load demonstrated that Reciproc Blue (201.3 gf) was significantly more flexible that the other instruments (P < 0.05).ConclusionAlthough there were similarities in metal composition and percentage of unprepared canal surface, the instruments had differences in the overall geometric design, phase transformation temperatures and in the four mechanical resistance parameters (time to fracture, maximum torque, angle of rotation and maximum bending load).
Mucosal Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV‐negative patients: a large case series from a single, tertiary referral center in Italy
Authors: Brambilla Lucia , Maronese Carlo Alberto , Bortoluzzi Paolo , Barberi Francesco , Tourlaki Athanasia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMucosal involvement in HIV‐negative Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is uncommon but has potentially serious repercussions on patient care. Evidence regarding its epidemiology and optimal management is limited. Invasive endoscopic staging at diagnosis and periodically during follow‐up is currently recommended by major guidelines.Materials and methodsWe reviewed the clinical records of 1,308 HIV‐negative KS patients followed at our dedicated KS outpatient service. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes for cases with biopsy proven mucosal lesions were collected.ResultsMucosal involvement was documented in 53 patients (4.1% of our cohort), being present at diagnosis in 28 (52.8%) and occurring at a later time in the remaining 25 (47.2%) patients, with a mean latency of 8 years (±7.7). Oral cavity (43.4%) and glans penis (39.6%) were the most frequently involved anatomical sites. Of those with available treatment response data, complete response (CR) of mucosal KS was appreciated in 41 cases (93.2%), while partial response (PR) and stable disease (SD) were documented in one (2.3%) and two cases (4.5%), respectively. Same‐site recurrences were noticed in seven patients (17.1%).ConclusionMucosal involvement in HIV‐negative KS is rare, and its recurrence, if properly treated, appears to be infrequent. Thus, routine invasive monitoring in this setting may be unnecessary. We propose a tailored approach based on the clinical manifestations of each patient, limiting the indication of invasive procedures to the first evaluation and in case of significant clinical worsening or to monitor known mucosal localizations.
Digital light processing stereolithography of hydroxyapatite scaffolds with bone‐like architecture, permeability, and mechanical properties
Authors: Baino Francesco , Magnaterra Giulia , Fiume Elisa , Schiavi Alessandro , Tofan Luciana‐Patricia , Schwentenwein Martin , Verné Enrica 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work deals with the additive manufacturing and characterization of hydroxyapatite scaffolds mimicking the trabecular architecture of cancellous bone. A novel approach was proposed relying on stereolithographic technology, which builds foam‐like ceramic scaffolds by using three‐dimensional (3D) micro‐tomographic reconstructions of polymeric sponges as virtual templates for the manufacturing process. The layer‐by‐layer fabrication process involves the selective polymerization of a photocurable resin in which hydroxyapatite particles are homogeneously dispersed. Irradiation is performed by a dynamic mask that projects blue light onto the slurry. After sintering, highly‐porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds (total porosity ~0.80, pore size 100‐800 µm) replicating the 3D open‐cell architecture of the polymeric template as well as spongy bone were obtained. Intrinsic permeability of scaffolds was determined by measuring laminar airflow alternating pressure wave drops and was found to be within 0.75‐1.74 × 10−9 m2, which is comparable to the range of human cancellous bone. Compressive tests were also carried out in order to determine the strength (~1.60 MPa), elastic modulus (~513 MPa) and Weibull modulus (m = 2.2) of the scaffolds. Overall, the fabrication strategy used to print hydroxyapatite scaffolds (tomographic imaging combined with digital mirror device [DMD]‐based stereolithography) shows great promise for the development of porous bioceramics with bone‐like architecture and mass transport properties.
Moral Status, Luck, and Modal Capacities: Debating Shelly Kagan
Authors: Lloyd Harry R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractShelly Kagan has recently defended the view that it is morally worse for a human being to suffer some harm than it is for a lower animal (such as a dog or a cow) to suffer a harm that is equally severe (ceteris paribus). In this article, I argue that this view receives rather less support from our intuitions than one might at first suppose. According to Kagan, moreover, an individual’s moral status depends partly upon her ‘modal capacities.’ In this article, I argue that the most natural strategy for justifying Kagan’s theory faces some important challenges. More generally, I argue that philosophers who wish to defend the view that human beings have a higher moral status than that of the lower animals face a dilemma. Either their theory of moral status will imply (unacceptably) that some severely cognitively impaired human beings have a significantly lower moral status than that of typical human beings, or these philosophers will be forced to ground moral status in a set of properties so far removed from a subject’s actual capacities that it will become difficult to see why these kinds of properties should have such moral importance.
Novel COL4A1‐VEGFD gene fusion in myofibroma
Authors: Dachy Guillaume , Fraitag Sylvie , Boulouadnine Boutaina , Cordi Sabine , Demoulin Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMyofibroma is a benign pericytic tumour affecting young children. The presence of multicentric myofibromas defines infantile myofibromatosis (IMF), which is a life‐threatening condition when associated with visceral involvement. The disease pathophysiology remains poorly characterized. In this study, we performed deep RNA sequencing on eight myofibroma samples, including two from patients with IMF. We identified five different in‐frame gene fusions in six patients, including three previously described fusion transcripts, SRF‐CITED1, SRF‐ICA1L and MTCH2‐FNBP4, and a fusion of unknown significance, FN1‐TIMP1. We found a novel COL4A1‐VEGFD gene fusion in two cases, one of which also carried a PDGFRB mutation. We observed a robust expression of VEGFD by immunofluorescence on the corresponding tumour sections. Finally, we showed that the COL4A1‐VEGFD chimeric protein was processed to mature VEGFD growth factor by proteases, such as the FURIN proprotein convertase. In conclusion, our results unravel a new recurrent gene fusion that leads to VEGFD production under the control of the COL4A1 gene promoter in myofibroma. This fusion is highly reminiscent of the COL1A1‐PDGFB oncogene associated with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. This work has implications for the diagnosis and, possibly, the treatment of a subset of myofibromas.
Are patients really getting what they want? The routine implementation of decision aids for patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis in the high value healthcare collaborative and alignment between patient treatment choice and receipt
Authors: Hurley Vanessa B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesAlignment between patients' treatment choices and treatments received is acknowledged as an important outcome of shared decision‐making (SDM), yet recent research suggests that patients' choices do not always align with their actual treatment trajectories. This paper explores the alignment of patient‐expressed treatment choices (for surgery or medical management) after exposure to decision aids and treatments received among patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis within High Value Healthcare Collaborative (HVHC) systems as the collaborative integrated decision aids intended to support SDM into routine clinical practice.MethodThis retrospective cohort study examines data from adult (≥18 years) patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis who received decision aids as part of orthopaedic consultations within HVHC systems between 2012 and 2015. Multivariable logistic regression explored the association between patient‐level characteristics with the odds of treatment choice‐receipt alignment.ResultsThe majority of patients with knee osteoarthritis (68.3%) and hip osteoarthritis (71.9%) received treatments aligned with their choices following exposure to decision aids, but analyses reveal important differences in the odds of such alignment across patient characteristics. In adjusted models, African American patients with knee osteoarthritis had 50% lower odds of receiving treatment aligned with their choices compared with Caucasian patients (OR = 0.52, P < .05). Medicare‐ or Medicaid‐insured knee patients had 49% and 59% lower odds (respectively) of receiving choice‐aligned treatments relative to privately insured patients. Patients with knee (OR = 0.40, P < .01) or hip (OR = 0.75, P < .05) osteoarthritis at earlier decision‐making stages had lower odds of receiving treatments congruent with their choices.ConclusionThis work elucidates the odds of treatment choice‐aligned care for patients within health care systems attempting to routinely integrate decision aids to support SDM into clinical practice and underscores the gaps in achieving this alignment among African American patients, those with public insurance and those at early decision‐making stages.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus CadC regulates acid tolerance response to enhance bacterial motility and cytotoxicity
Authors: Gu Dan , Wang Kangru , Lu Tianyu , Li Lingzhi , Jiao Xinan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPathogens adapted to sub‐lethal acidic conditions could increase the virulence and survival ability under lethal conditions. In the aquaculture industry, feed acidifiers have been used to increase the growth of aquatic animals. However, there is limited study on the effects of acidic condition on the virulence and survival of pathogens in aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the survival ability of Vibrio parahaemolyticus at lethal acidic pH (4.0) after adapted the bacteria to sub‐lethal acidic pH (5.5) for 1 hr. Our results indicated that the adapted strain increased the survival ability at lethal acidic pH invoked by an inorganic (HCl) or organic (citric) acid. RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) results revealed that 321 genes were differentially expressed at the sub‐lethal acidic pH including cadC, cadBA and groES/groEL relating to acid tolerance response (ATR), as well as genes relating to outer membrane, heat‐shock proteins, phosphotransferase system and flagella system. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) confirmed that cadC and cadBA were upregulated under sub‐lethal acidic conditions. The CadC protein could directly regulate the expression of cadBA to modulate the ATR in V. parahaemolyticus. RNA‐seq data also indicated that 113 genes in the CadC‐dependent way and 208 genes in the CadC‐independent way were differentially expressed, which were related to the regulation of ATR. Finally, the motility and cytotoxicity of the sub‐lethal acidic adapted wild type (WT) were significantly increased compared with the unadapted strain. Our results demonstrated that the dietary acidifiers may increase the virulence and survival of V. parahaemolyticus in aquaculture.
Physical vulnerability assessment to flash floods using an indicator‐based methodology based on building properties and flow parameters
Authors: Leal Miguel , Reis Eusébio , Pereira Susana , Santos Pedro Pinto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the physical vulnerability of buildings to flash floods using an indicator‐based methodology. A physical vulnerability index (PhVI) that combines intrinsic vulnerability (IV) of buildings and flash flood intensity (FFI) is proposed. IV evaluates the propensity to suffer damage, resulting from indicators related to building properties. FFI estimates the potential to cause damage, resulting from indicators related to flow parameters. PhVI was applied to a critical section of a small drainage basin in Portugal where flash floods are frequent. Evaluating IV and the intensity of natural hazards is essential in physical vulnerability assessments. This study addresses two problems found in the literature: the lack of flash flood‐dedicated physical vulnerability assessments and the difficulties in assembling building properties and the intensity of natural hazards in a vulnerability index defined from indicator‐based methodologies. PhVI is a useful tool where damage records are rare or non‐existent, allowing the prioritisation of resources and application of local protection measures. This index can be adapted to other study areas and natural hazards, although more research is needed to improve the knowledge on the indicators and weights of IV and FFI.
Neuropsychological and behavioural profiles of students with intellectual development disorder on parents and teachers' perceptions
Authors: Furlin V. , Bara T. S. , Felden É. P. G. , de Farias A. C. , Cordeiro M. L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren with intellectual development disorder (IDD) have high rates of comorbid neuropsychological and behavioural problems. However, there are not many studies on this population in middle‐income and low‐income countries. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of neuropsychological and behavioural problems in students with and without IDD and to assess the correlation between the responses from informants (parents and teachers) and the clinical diagnoses in Brazil.MethodsAfter clinical diagnosis, 78 male and female students (7–15 years old) were divided into two groups: children with IDD (n = 39) and children without IDD (n = 39). The Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher's Report Form (TRF) scales were used to track neuropsychological and behavioural problems. Calculations of prevalence ratios were performed using Poisson regression with Wald tests. The CBCL and TRF results were compared between groups with Mann–Whitney U‐tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. The agreement between scales was assessed using the Spearman correlation test.ResultsNeuropsychological and behavioural problems were significantly more prevalent in students with IDD. The average amount of CBCL problems was significantly higher than that of TRF in the dimensions of thought, attention, somatic, attention deficit/hyperactivity, opposition defiant and total problems. Low‐to‐moderate correlations between CBCL and TRF dimensions in the IDD group were observed. ROC analyses revealed that the dimensions of internalising problems and total scores reflecting CBCL and TRF problems were the most important factors for identifying neuropsychological and behavioural problems in the IDD group.ConclusionsStudents with IDD require early identification of behavioural and emotional symptoms to avoid the underdiagnoses of various mental health problems, especially those with internalising characteristics. The CBCL and TRF may assist in the early screening of these comorbidities.
Antecedents and Outcomes of Nurses’ Subjective Career Success: A Path Analysis
Authors: Sönmez Betül , Gül Duygu , İspir Demir Öznur , Emiralioğlu Ramazan , Erkmen Tuna , Yıldırım Aytolan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to test the hypothesis model showing the relationship between nurses’ individual and working characteristics, nursing work environment, subjective career success, job satisfaction, intent to leave, and professional commitment.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional and correlational design was utilized for the study. The study sample consisted of 604 nurses working in four hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. Data were collected using the Nurse Information Form, Subjective Career Success Inventory, Practice Work Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, Job Satisfaction Global Item, Intent to Leave Subscale, and Professional Commitment Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlation analysis, and the hypothesis model was tested using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe hypothesis model that was established to test the antecedents and outcomes of subjective career success in nurses was acceptable and had a good fit. Having a master’s degree, work schedule with rotating shifts (negative), good individual income, participation in hospital affairs, staffing and resource adequacy, and nurse–physician relations were significantly associated with the subjective career success of nurses. Subjective career success had a positive effect on job satisfaction and professional commitment and a negative significant effect on intent to leave in nurses.ConclusionsThis study revealed that human capital, objective career success, and some characteristics of the nursing work environment were significantly associated with nurses’ subjective career success, and that increased subjective career success produced positive professional and organizational outcomes.Clinical RelevanceThe results of this study, which revealed the antecedents and outcomes of nurses’ career success, should be taken into consideration by managers who wish to retain a qualified nursing workforce.
Incidence and risk factors of urinary tract infections in hospitalised patients with spinal cord injury
Authors: Kim Yielin , Cho Mi Hwa , Do Kyungmin , Kang Hye Jin , Mok Jin Ju , Kim Mi Kyoung , Kim Gwang Suk 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate the incidence of urinary tract infection and analyse its risk factors among hospitalised patients with spinal cord injury.BackgroundWhile the incidence of urinary tract infection varies widely according to the healthcare setting and patients’ clinical characteristics, formal reports are limited in quantity. There has been no consensus regarding the risk factors for urinary tract infection.DesignA retrospective descriptive study.MethodsElectronic medical records of 964 subjects between 2010–2017 were reviewed. Urinary tract infection status was examined to identify newly occurred cases. Data included demographic and clinical characteristics, hydration status and length of hospitalisation. The reporting of the study followed the EQUATOR Network's STROBE checklist.ResultsOf the sample, 31.7% had urinary tract infection (95% confidence interval: 1.288 to 1.347, p < .001). Sex, completeness of injury, type of bladder emptying, detrusor function and urethral pressure were significant factors affecting urinary tract infection. Patients who were male and those with injury classifications A, B and C had higher risk of urinary tract infection. Patients with urinary or suprapubic indwelling catheters, as well as those with areflexic detrusor combined with normotonic urethral pressure or overactive detrusor combined with normotonic urethral pressure, showed higher risk. Length of hospitalisation in patients with urinary tract infection was greater than that in uninfected patients, which implies the importance of prevention of urinary tract infection.ConclusionsNurses should carefully assess risk factors to prevent urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury in the acute and sub‐acute stages of the disease trajectory and provide individualised nursing care.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study contributes evidence for up‐to‐date clinical nursing practice for the comprehensive management of urinary tract infection. This can lead to improvements in nursing care quality and patient outcomes, including length of hospitalisation.
Theorising survivorship after intensive care: A systematic review of patient and family experiences
Authors: Kean Susanne , Donaghy Eddie , Bancroft Angus , Clegg Gareth , Rodgers Sheila 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectiveThis systematic literature review explores and maps what we know about survivorship to understand how survivorship can be theoretically defined.BackgroundSurvivorship of critical illness has been identified as a challenge for the 21st Century. Whilst the use of the term ‘survivorship’ is now common in critical care, it has been borrowed from the cancer literature where the discourse on what survivorship means in a cancer context is ongoing and remains largely descriptive. In the absence of a theoretical understanding, the term ‘survivorship’ is often used in critical illness in a generic way, limiting our understanding of what survivorship is. The current COVID‐19 pandemic adds to an urgency of understanding what intensive care unit (ICU) survivorship might mean, given the emerging long‐term consequences of this patient cohort. We set out to explore how survivorship after critical illness is being conceptualised and what the implications might be for clinical practice and research.DesignIntegrated systematic literature review. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. PRISMA guidelines were followed and a PRISMA checklist for reporting systematic reviews completed.ResultsThe three main themes around which the reviewed studies were organised are: (a) healthcare system; (b) ICU survivors’ families; and (c) ICU survivor's identity. These three themes feed into an overarching core theme of ‘ICU Survivorship Experiences’. These themes map our current knowledge of what happens when a patient survives a critical illness and where we are in understanding ICU survivorship.ConclusionWe mapped in this systematic review the different pieces of the jigsaw that emerge following critical illness to understand and see the bigger picture of what happens after patients survive critical illness. It is evident that existing research has mapped these connections, but what we have not managed to do yet is defining what survivorship is theoretically. We offer a preliminary definition of survivorship as a process but are aware that this definition needs to be developed further with patients and families.