bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Open‐Source Modular Framework for Automated Pipetting and Imaging Applications
Authors: Ouyang Wei , Bowman Richard W. , Wang Haoran , Bumke Kaspar E. , Collins Joel T. , Spjuth Ola , Carreras‐Puigvert Jordi , Diederich Benedict 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe number of samples in biological experiments is continuously increasing, but complex protocols and human error in many cases lead to suboptimal data quality and hence difficulties in reproducing scientific findings. Laboratory automation can alleviate many of these problems by precisely reproducing machine‐readable protocols. These instruments generally require high up‐front investments, and due to the lack of open application programming interfaces (APIs), they are notoriously difficult for scientists to customize and control outside of the vendor‐supplied software. Here, automated, high‐throughput experiments are demonstrated for interdisciplinary research in life science that can be replicated on a modest budget, using open tools to ensure reproducibility by combining the tools OpenFlexure, Opentrons, ImJoy, and UC2. This automated sample preparation and imaging pipeline can easily be replicated and established in many laboratories as well as in educational contexts through easy‐to‐understand algorithms and easy‐to‐build microscopes. Additionally, the creation of feedback loops, with later pipetting or imaging steps depending on the analysis of previously acquired images, enables the realization of fully autonomous “smart” microscopy experiments. All documents and source files are publicly available to prove the concept of smart lab automation using inexpensive, open tools. It is believed this democratizes access to the power and repeatability of automated experiments.
Multilayer MoTe2 Field‐Effect Transistor at High Temperatures
Authors: Ahmed Faisal , Shafi Abde Mayeen , Mackenzie David M. A. , Qureshi Maaz Ahmed , Fernandez Henry A. , Yoon Hoon Hahn , Uddin Md Gius , Kuittinen Markku , Sun Zhipei , Lipsanen Harri 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFunctional 2D material‐based devices are likely subjected to high ambient temperatures when integrated into miniaturized circuits for practical applications, which may induce irreversible structural changes in materials and impact the device performance. However, majority of 2D devices’ studies focus on room temperature or low‐temperature operation conditions. Here, the high‐temperature (up to 673 K) electro‐thermal response of molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2)‐based field‐effect transistors is investigated. The optimal annealing temperature of around 500–525 K for the multilayer MoTe2 devices with two‐fold enhancement in maximum current level, field‐effect mobility, and current on‐off ratio is identified. Furthermore, MoTe2 devices show the transition of electrical response from gate modulation to the degenerately p‐doped (hole dominant) characteristics when the operation temperature increases to ≈600 K. The gate‐dependent electro‐thermal measurements complemented by surface chemistry analysis confirm the near range hopping transport in the MoTe2 channel at high temperature induced by thermally triggered oxidation of MoTe2. These results not only provide the thermal endurance limits of MoTe2 for practical applications, but also indicate the possible applications of MoTe2 for thermal sensing applications.
From Active Materials to Battery Cells: A Straightforward Tool to Determine Performance Metrics and Support Developments at an Application‐Relevant Level
Authors: Heubner Christian , Voigt Karsten , Marcinkowski Peter , Reuber Sebastian , Nikolowski Kristian , Schneider Michael , Partsch Mareike , Michaelis Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLarge‐scale electrochemical energy storage is considered one of the crucial steps toward a sustainable energy economy. Science and industry worldwide are conducting intensive research into various ways to improve existing battery concepts or transferring novel concepts to application. The development of materials and electrodes is an essential step in this process. However, the evaluation of the achieved performance parameters and the comparison of the different studies at this technological level with regard to practical applications is challenging, since special electrodes and cell concepts are typically used at laboratory scale. In the present work, a straightforward computational tool (Ragone calculator) is provided to estimate performance data at the full cell level based on electrochemical measurements on electrodes. Application of the Ragone calculator simplifies the comparability of the different studies and allows an appropriate classification of the reported performance data. In addition, extrapolation of the results to the battery level can make a valuable contribution to assessing at early stages whether a development is target‐oriented or in which direction it needs to be advanced.
Synthesis of Functionalized Silsesquioxane Nanomaterials by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbene Insertion into Si−H Bonds
Authors: Jagannathan Jake R. , Targos Karina , Franz Annaliese K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report carbene insertion into Si−H bonds of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) for the synthesis of highly functionalized siloxane nanomaterials. Dirhodium(II) carboxylates catalyze insertion of aryl‐diazoacetates as carbene precursors to afford POSS structures containing both ester and aryl groups as orthogonal functional handles for further derivatization of POSS materials. Four diverse and structurally varied silsesquioxane core scaffolds with one, three, or eight Si−H bonds were evaluated with diazo reactants to produce a total of 20 new POSS compounds. Novel diazo compounds containing a fluorinated octyl group and boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophore demonstrate the use of highly functionalized substrates. Transformations of aryl(ester)‐functionalized POSS compounds derived from this method are demonstrated, including ester hydrolysis and Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling.
Modeling bioaffinity‐based targeted delivery of antimicrobials to Escherichia coli biofilms using yeast microparticles. Part II: Parameter evaluation and validation
Authors: Yi Jiyoon , Huang Kang , Nitin Nitin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe design of bioaffinity‐based targeted delivery systems for biofilm inactivation may require a comprehensive understanding of physicochemical and biochemical properties of biobased antimicrobial particles and their interactions with biofilm. In this study, Escherichia coli biofilm inactivation by chlorine‐charged yeast microparticles was numerically simulated, and the roles of chemical stability, binding affinity, and controlled release of this targeted delivery system were assessed using this numerical simulation. The simulation results were experimentally validated using two different types of yeast microparticles. The results of this study illustrate that chorine stability achieved by yeast microparticles was a key factor for improved biofilm inactivation in an organic‐rich environment (>6 additional log reduction in 20 min compared to the free chlorine treatment). Moreover, the binding affinity of yeast microparticles to E. coli biofilms was another key factor for an enhanced inactivation of biofilm, as a 10‐fold increase in binding rate resulted in a 4.2‐fold faster inactivation. Overall, the mechanistic modeling framework developed in this study could guide the design and development of biobased particles for targeted inactivation of biofilms.
Characterization of Astrocyte Morphology and Function Using a Fast and Reliable Tissue Clearing Technique
Authors: Aryal Surya P. , Neupane Khaga R. , Masud Abdullah A. , Richards Christopher I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAstrocytic processes interact with synapses throughout the brain modulating neurotransmitter signaling and synaptic communication. During conditions such as exposure to drugs of abuse and neurological diseases, astrocytes respond by altering their morphological and functional properties. Reactive astrocyte phenotypes exhibit a bushy morphology with altered soma volume and an increased number of processes compared to resting astrocytes. The reactive astrocytic phenotype also overexpresses proteins one of which can be glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Fluorescence microscopy on thin tissue sections (<20 µm) requires reconstruction, often through multiple sections, to delineate the full astrocytic morphology. In contrast, tissue clearing methods have been developed that enable imaging of larger sections including the whole brain, providing an opportunity to see in‐depth changes in single cell structure. In this article, a detailed protocol for studying astrocyte morphology using tissue clearing and subsequent imaging of whole brains as well as region‐specific slices is provided. This method is ideal for understanding the effect of different physiological conditions on astrocyte morphology. A standard biochemistry laboratory has the resources to accomplish tissue clearing using this protocol and most universities have the required imaging facilities. Protocols to study brains from both genetically modified mice that contain an astrocyte‐specific marker and from wild‐type mice using antibody labeling steps after tissue clearing are provided. We also describe general protocols to conduct fluorescence imaging of astrocytes in cleared tissue to characterize their morphology. This protocol could be useful for researchers working in the rapidly growing field of astrocyte biology. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Brain perfusion, fixation, and tissue clearingAlternate Protocol: Clearing brain tissue with passive clarityBasic Protocol 2: Antibody labeling and refractive index matchingBasic Protocol 3: Fluorescence imaging and characterization of astrocyte morphology
Total nucleated cell dose in graft is a better prognostic factor for survival in pediatric patients transplanted with bone marrow compared to CD34+, CD3+, or total mononuclear cell count
Authors: Kupeli Serhan , Inan Gul , Ozkan Ayse , Sezgin Gulay , Bayram Ibrahim , Tanyeli Atila 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMost studies investigating the impact of graft composition on transplant‐related outcomes have focused on the effect of CD34+ cell dose and reported equivocal results. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of doses of total nucleated cells (TNCs), total mononuclear cells (TMCs), CD3+, and CD34+ cells on the outcome of children receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsChildren and adolescents who underwent allogeneic HSCT for malignant hemato‐oncological diseases or nonmalignant diseases in Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Center between 2010 and 2020 were enrolled in the study.ResultsA total of 212 patients receiving allogeneic HSCT (154 bone marrow transplantation; 58 peripheral blood stem cell transplantation) from matched related or unrelated donors were included in the study. Higher TNC doses associated with a superior 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS; 67.7% vs 44.7%) in the whole group (log‐rank P = .027). Overall survival (OS) and EFS of bone marrow–transplanted patients differed significantly according to TNC doses (log‐rank P = .041 and .027, respectively). Multivariant analysis for OS revealed a P value of .038 for TNC, Exp(B) = 1.939 (95% CI: [1.038, 3.621]). That for EFS revealed a P value of .025 for TNC, Exp(B) = 1.992 (95% CI: [1.088, 3.647]). There was no relationship between doses of CD34+ cells, CD3+ cells, TMC, TNC, and neutrophil or platelet engraftment.ConclusionOur data suggest that TNC dose is a better prognostic factor for pediatric allogeneic HSCT outcomes than doses of CD34+ cells, CD3+ cells, or TMC in patients transplanted with bone marrow. Future studies analyzing cell subsets and other components in TNC could elaborate the factor(s) accompanying this observed survival advantage.
Facilitators, barriers, and perceived changes of a social behaviour change nutrition programme and economic development programme in rural Bangladesh: A qualitative study
Authors: Han Seungheon , Kim Heeyeon , Cho Yoonho , Rahman Md. Mezanur , Kang Yunhee 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis qualitative study explored facilitators, barriers and perceived changes related to programme participation and utilisation among 69 parents of young children who attended a Positive Deviance/Hearth (PDH) programme alone or a PDH programme alongside an Economic Development (PDH/ED) programme to improve child nutrition in rural Bangladesh. Family support stimulated participation in the programmes, while a lack of understanding of the programme's objectives could hinder the effective assets utilisation provided by the ED programme to improve child nutrition. Improvement in child nutritional status was frequently observed in both groups. Proactive engagement and elevated self‐esteem were distinctively reported in the PDH/ED group.
Predictors of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Birkenbeuel Jack L. , Warner Danielle C. , Abiri Arash , Brown Nolan J. , Nguyen Emily S. , Lee Ariel , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Boladian Lana A. , Hsu Zachary , Bitner Benjamin F. , Golshani Kiarash , Chen Jefferson W. , Hsu Frank P. K. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: October 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of patient and surgical factors, including approach and reconstruction type, on postoperative nausea and vomiting episodes following endoscopic skull base surgery.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review from July 2018 to August 2020 of 99 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic skull base surgery at a tertiary academic skull base surgery program. All patients were treated with a standardized postoperative protocol consisting of scheduled ondansetron, along with promethazine and scopolamine for breakthrough nausea and vomiting episodes. Cumulative nausea and vomiting episodes throughout hospital stay were recorded for each patient.ResultsOf the 99 patients identified, the mean number of nausea and vomiting episodes per patient were 0.4 ± 1.2 and 0.3 ± 0.7, respectively. Female sex (β = .65, P = .034) and extended surgical approach (β = .90, P = .027) were associated with increased risk for postoperative nausea. Furthermore, female sex (β = .44, P = .018), cavernous sinus dissection (β = .52, P = .002), and extended approach (β = .79, P = .025) significantly increased odds of postoperative vomiting episodes. There was no association between total operative time or total postoperative opioid dose and nausea and vomiting episodes (all Ps > .05). Neither increased nausea nor vomiting episodes significantly increased odds of prolonged hospitalization (P = .105 and .164, respectively).ConclusionThis report highlights novel risk factors for patients undergoing endoscopic skull base surgery. Upfront standing antiemetic therapy may be considered when treating patients with independent predictors of postoperative nausea and vomiting, including female sex, cavernous sinus dissection, and extended surgical approach.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:761–768, 2022
Vision Transformer‐based recognition of diabetic retinopathy grade
Authors: Wu Jianfang , Hu Ruo , Xiao Zhenghong , Chen Jiaxu , Liu Jingwei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the domain of natural language processing, Transformers are recognized as state‐of‐the‐art models, which opposing to typical convolutional neural networks (CNNs) do not rely on convolution layers. Instead, Transformers employ multi‐head attention mechanisms as the main building block to capture long‐range contextual relations between image pixels. Recently, CNNs dominated the deep learning solutions for diabetic retinopathy grade recognition. However, spurred by the advantages of Transformers, we propose a Transformer‐based method that is appropriate for recognizing the grade of diabetic retinopathy.PurposeThe purposes of this work are to demonstrate that (i) the pure attention mechanism is suitable for diabetic retinopathy grade recognition and (ii) Transformers can replace traditional CNNs for diabetic retinopathy grade recognition.MethodsThis paper proposes a Vision Transformer‐based method to recognize the grade of diabetic retinopathy. Fundus images are subdivided into non‐overlapping patches, which are then converted into sequences by flattening, and undergo a linear and positional embedding process to preserve positional information. Then, the generated sequence is input into several multi‐head attention layers to generate the final representation. The first token sequence is input to a softmax classification layer to produce the recognition output in the classification stage.ResultsThe dataset for training and testing employs fundus images of different resolutions, subdivided into patches. We challenge our method against current CNNs and extreme learning machines and achieve an appealing performance. Specifically, the suggested deep learning architecture attains an accuracy of 91.4%, specificity = 0.977 (95% confidence interval (CI) (0.951–1)), precision = 0.928 (95% CI (0.852–1)), sensitivity = 0.926 (95% CI (0.863–0.989)), quadratic weighted kappa score = 0.935, and area under curve (AUC) = 0.986.ConclusionOur comparative experiments against current methods conclude that our model is competitive and highlight that an attention mechanism based on a Vision Transformer model is promising for the diabetic retinopathy grade recognition task.
Bromodomain 4 inhibition leads to MYCN downregulation in Wilms tumor
Authors: Woods Andrew D. , Berlow Noah E. , Ortiz Michael V. , Dela Cruz Filemon , Siddiquee Armaan , Coutinho Diego F. , Purohit Reshma , Freier Katherine E. Tranbarger , Michalek Joel E. , Lathara Melvin , Matlock Kevin , Srivivasa Ganapati , Royer‐Pokora Brigitte , Veselska Renata , Kung Andrew L. , Keller Charles 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWilms tumor is the most common childhood kidney cancer. Two distinct histological subtypes of Wilms tumor have been described: tumors lacking anaplasia (the favorable subtype) and tumors displaying anaplastic features (the unfavorable subtype). Children with favorable disease generally have a very good prognosis, whereas those with anaplasia are oftentimes refractory to standard treatments and suffer poor outcomes, leading to an unmet clinical need. MYCN dysregulation has been associated with a number of pediatric cancers including Wilms tumor.ProceduresIn this context, we undertook a functional genomics approach to uncover novel therapeutic strategies for those patients with anaplastic Wilms tumor. Genomic analysis and in vitro experimentation demonstrate that cell growth can be reduced by modulating MYCN overexpression via bromodomain 4 (BRD4) inhibition in both anaplastic and nonanaplastic Wilms tumor models.ResultsWe observed a time‐dependent reduction of MYCN and MYCC protein levels upon BRD4 inhibition in Wilms tumor cell lines, which led to cell death and proliferation suppression. BRD4 inhibition significantly reduced tumor volumes in Wilms tumor patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models.ConclusionsWe suggest that AZD5153, a novel dual‐BRD4 inhibitor, can reduce MYCN levels in both anaplastic and nonanaplastic Wilms tumor cell lines, reduces tumor volume in Wilms tumor PDXs, and should be further explored for its therapeutic potential.
Black Brazilians on the Move
Authors: Ramos Silva Luciane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis Keynote offers a brief overview of an artistic and activist editorial project based in São Paulo City, the magazine O Menelick 2° Ato, as well as presents a portrait of some Black contemporary women artists, some of them interdisciplinary, and articulates modes of interrogating political and symbolic violence and subjugation from Brazilian colonially, creating an artistic presence rooted in the search for self-determination, autonomy, and modes of existence ignited by Black diasporas’ ways of self-writing. Their creative work also disrupts hegemonic epistemologies and calls us to look at what is going on in the Black South America.
Impedance matching control between a human arm and a haptic joystick for long-term
Authors: Choi Jiwook , Gu Zhanming , Lee Jangmyung , Lee Inho 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn impedance matching control framework between a human and a haptic joystick for long-term teleoperation is proposed in this research. An impedance model of the human arm is established analyzing the characteristics of human perception, decision, and action. The coefficients of the human arm’s impedance have been identified using a least squares method. The human arm’s impedance matching algorithm generates a corresponding motion vector for the human arm, which is determined by the interaction force measured by a force/torque sensor considering the impedance modeling of the human arm. The impedance control has been adopted for the haptic joystick to match the desired impedance to that of the human arm, which is aimed to minimize the energy consumption of the human arm for long-term teleoperation. By minimizing the fatigue of the operator, the remote control accuracy of the teleoperation can be improved. A PD control with gravity compensation algorithm has been adopted to maintain desired trajectory for the joystick by the operator more conveniently. The effectiveness of matching control has been demonstrated by trajectory following experiments for a mobile robot.
Simultaneous transcatheter pulmonary and tricuspid valve-in-ring implantation
Authors: Faim Diogo , Silva Patrícia V. , Zunzunegui José L. , Puga Luís , Francisco Andreia , Rodrigues Dina , Pires António 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report on a 50-year-old female patient, with several severe comorbidities and high-surgical risk, in whom we successfully performed a simultaneous transcatheter pulmonary and tricuspid valve-in-ring implantation to treat both bioprosthetic pulmonary valve dysfunction and native torrential tricuspid valve regurgitation, the latter previously managed with a Carpentier annuloplasty ring.
The role of borosilicate glass in Miller–Urey experiment
Authors: Criado-Reyes Joaquín , Bizzarri Bruno M. , García-Ruiz Juan Manuel , Saladino Raffaele , Di Mauro Ernesto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe have designed a set of experiments to test the role of borosilicate reactor on the yielding of the Miller–Urey type of experiment. Two experiments were performed in borosilicate flasks, two in a Teflon flask and the third couple in a Teflon flask with pieces of borosilicate submerged in the water. The experiments were performed in CH4, N2, and NH3 atmosphere either buffered at pH 8.7 with NH4Cl or unbuffered solutions at pH ca. 11, at room temperature. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy results show important differences in the yields, the number of products, and molecular weight. In particular, a dipeptide, multi-carbon dicarboxylic acids, PAHs, and a complete panel of biological nucleobases form more efficiently or exclusively in the borosilicate vessel. Our results offer a better explanation of the famous Miller's experiment showing the efficiency of borosilicate in a triphasic system including water and the reduced Miller–Urey atmosphere.