bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single bolus dexmedetomidine versus propofol for treatment of pediatric emergence delirium following general anesthesia
Authors: Han Xuemin , Sun Xin , Liu Xiaotian , Wang Qian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPediatric emergence delirium is a psychomotor disorder occurring in the early postanesthetic stage. There is no clear consensus regarding its treatment; however, dexmedetomidine and propofol have both been shown to be effective.AimIn this single‐center, randomized, double‐blind prospective study, we compared the efficacy of dexmedetomidine against that of propofol in the treatment of established emergence delirium in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia.MethodsPatients aged 1–14 years, with ASA I or II and severe emergence delirium (Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium score of ≥15) during the postoperative period following general anesthesia, were randomized to receive intravenous bolus injection of 0.5 μg.kg−1 dexmedetomidine or 1 mg.kg−1 propofol. The primary outcome was the pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) score after treatment, and the secondary outcome was the recovery time in the postanesthetic care unit.ResultsOf the 53 patients who participated in the study, 26 (49%) were treated with dexmedetomidine and 27 (51%) with propofol. In the dexmedetomidine group, a single‐dose intervention was effective for all patients (100%); whereas in the propofol group, 19 patients (70.4%) had PAED score of <12 after the first dose (p = .004; relative risk [95% confidence interval] = 0.1422 [0.113–1.815]). No significant difference in recovery time (median [IQR (range)]) was observed between the dexmedetomidine (20[14–30(10–45)]) and propofol groups (25 [20–40 (10–50)]; p = .056; 95% confidence interval = 0.113–1.815).ConclusionsA single bolus of 0.5 μg.kg−1 of dexmedetomidine was more effective than a single bolus of 1 mg.kg−1 of propofol in treating emergence delirium during the early postanesthetic stage.
Effect of sera from lupus patients on the glomerular endothelial fibrinolysis system
Authors: Sato Riko , Aizawa Tomomi , Imaizumi Tadaatsu , Tsugawa Koji , Kawaguchi Shogo , Seya Kazuhiko , Terui Kiminori , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDysregulation of the coagulation fibrinolysis system in resident glomerular cells is associated with the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. However, the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in resident glomerular cells remains undetermined.MethodsWe examined the expression of PAI‐1 and tPA mRNA in cultured normal human glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) treated with serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions. We determined the relationship between PAI‐1/tPA mRNA expression and several clinical/laboratory parameters. Serum from 16 patients (nine patients with new‐onset SLE and seven patients with stable SLE) was used in the study.ResultsPlasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 and tPA mRNA expression was significantly higher in GECs treated with serum of patients with new‐onset SLE than other groups. The PAI‐1 and tPA mRNA levels were also significantly correlated in GECs treated with serum from patients with SLE. Interestingly, both PAI‐1 and tPA mRNA levels in GECs were inversely correlated with serum C4 level and positively correlated with SLE disease activity.ConclusionsThese results suggest that serum from patients with SLE may activate the fibrinolysis system in glomerulus, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate justice
Authors: King Molly M. , Gregg Maria A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExisting literature on climate change as an issue of environmental justice documents the heightened vulnerability of people with disabilities to the effects of climate change. Additionally, there are numerous studies showing that access to information is a prerequisite for perceiving risk and taking action. Building on this work, our review seeks to understand how physical disability relates to perceptions of climate‐related risk and adaptations to climate‐related events. We introduce a critical realist model of climate justice to understand the relationships between the environmental features that disable, risk perception and information seeking, and adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change. In understanding the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of people with disabilities to climate change, this review synthesizes research on one of the U.S.’s largest minority communities with the goals of better understanding how vulnerable populations cope with climate change and integrating them into climate action and policy.
The Indirect Effect of Electoral Rules on Citizens’ Satisfaction with Democracy: A Comparative Study
Authors: Papp Zsófia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to understand how electoral rules affect citizens’ satisfaction with democracy. The focus is on the extent to which this effect is mediated by the constituency orientation of legislators and the proportionality of election results. The analysis combines data from the European Social Survey and the Comparative Candidates Survey and covers 24 elections from 14 European countries. The multilevel SEM suggests two results. On the one hand, what majority and some mixed‐member electoral systems gain through increasing constituency orientation, they lose to disproportional election results. On the other hand, open and flexible lists perform better in increasing satisfaction than closed ballots. Importantly, the analysis reveals a winner‐loser gap in how constituency representation and proportionality affect democratic satisfaction. Both are more important for the losers of the elections when they evaluate democratic performance.
Current attitude to deferral of cellular therapy or nontransplant chemotherapy due to SARS‐CoV‐2 asymptomatic infection: Survey of Infectious Diseases Working Party EBMT
Authors: Styczynski Jan , Cesaro Simone , von Lilienfeld‐Toal Marie , Marchesi Francesco , Gil Lidia , Mikulska Malgorzata , Knelange Nina , Wendel Lotus , Averbuch Diana , de la Camara Rafael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe objective of the study was to assess the current clinical practice and the attitude toward deferral of HCT/chemotherapy in patients with hematological diseases in cases of asymptomatic patients with a positive assay for SARS‐CoV‐2. In August 2021, we performed a survey among EBMT centers regarding their attitude toward deferral of HCT/chemotherapy in patients with a positive PCR result. Centers were willing to defer the planned cellular therapy for patients with asymptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection without previous COVID‐19 disease, and patients who became asymptomatic after a previous COVID19 disease but persistently shed the virus, respectively, in case of high‐risk allo‐HCT (90.2%/76.9%), low‐risk allo‐HCT for malignant diseases (88.2%/83.7%), allo‐HCT for nonmalignant diseases (91.0%/91.0%), auto‐HCT (88.0%/79.8%), and CAR‐T therapy (83.1%/81.4%). The respective rates toward deferral of noncellular therapy patients was lower for both groups of patients, and varied with the primary diagnosis and anti‐malignant treatment. There is a relatively high rate of willingness to defer treatment in asymptomatic patients being positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, planned for cellular therapy, regardless of previous history of vaccination or COVID‐19. The same approach is presented for most of patients before noncellular therapy. Nevertheless, each patient should be considered individually weighting risks and benefits.
MdGH3.6 is targeted by MdMYB94 and plays a negative role in apple water‐deficit stress tolerance
Authors: Jiang Lijuan , Zhang Dehui , Liu Chen , Shen Wenyun , He Jieqiang , Yue Qianyu , Niu Chundong , Yang Feng , Li Xuewei , Shen Xiaoxia , Hou Nan , Chen Pengxiang , Ma Fengwang , Guan Qingmei 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYDrought significantly limits apple fruit production and quality. Decoding the key genes involved in drought stress tolerance is important for breeding varieties with improved drought resistance. Here, we identified GRETCHEN HAGEN3.6 (GH3.6), an indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) conjugating enzyme, to be a negative regulator of water‐deficit stress tolerance in apple. Overexpressing MdGH3.6 reduced IAA content, adventitious root number, root length and water‐deficit stress tolerance, whereas knocking down MdGH3.6 and its close paralogs increased IAA content, adventitious root number, root length and water‐deficit stress tolerance. Moreover, MdGH3.6 negatively regulated the expression of wax biosynthetic genes under water‐deficit stress and thus negatively regulated cuticular wax content. Additionally, MdGH3.6 negatively regulated reactive oxygen species scavengers, including antioxidant enzymes and metabolites involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathway in response to water‐deficit stress. Further study revealed that the homolog of transcription factor AtMYB94, rather than AtMYB96, could bind to the MdGH3.6 promoter and negatively regulated its expression under water‐deficit stress conditions in apple. Overall, our results identify a candidate gene for the improvement of drought resistance in fruit trees.
Seabirds in the city: Urban futures and fraught coexistence
Authors: Wilson Helen F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAt a time when seabird populations have experienced steep declines and the movement of diverse species into cities has become a globally important issue, the paper examines the contested presence of an urban seabird colony in North East England. Drawing on ethnographic research, the paper details how avian claims to space have prompted fraught debates on coexistence, urban planning, and socio‐environmental futures that reveal an inherently ambivalent politics. While normally a coastal breeding bird, the paper argues that the Tyne kittiwakes – and their use of window ledges, drain‐pipes, streetlights, rooftops and road infrastructure – have become a familiar part of the region's urban life. However, while their presence has reworked understandings of public space, urban belonging, and oceanic boundaries, urban regimes of control and normative notions of the city continue to inhibit a more expansive urban politics capable of accommodating difference and responding to environmental change. Through attention to practices of deterrence, shifting forms of urban decision‐making, and the emergence of the kittiwake as a regional icon, the paper documents the conditions that limit coexistence despite a change in attitudes towards the colony and environmental futures more broadly. In this context, the paper raises fundamental questions about how to support coexistence amid ambivalence without resorting to normative forms of species valorisation. Attending to ambivalence and the difficulty of creating and sustaining ethical modes of coexistence, the paper reflects on the implications of the research for urban futures, local geographies of the sea, and the multispecies city.
The eye of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): Ophthalmic examination findings and diagnostic tests
Authors: Rodarte‐Almeida Ana C. V. , Carvalho Clarissa M. , Mergulhão Fernanda V. , Machado Marilia T. S. , Moore Bret A. , Galera Paula D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe ophthalmic examination and diagnostic values for Schirmer tear test (STT), intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal horizontal diameter (CHD), palpebral fissure length (PFL), fundoscopy, and palpebral conjunctiva microbiota from healthy giant anteaters.Animals studiedTwelve giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), 11 adults and one juvenile, five males and seven females.ProceduresThe animals were submitted to general anesthesia and ophthalmic evaluation with portable slit‐lamp biomicroscope, Finoff transilluminator, and fundoscopy, as well as STT, bacterial culture from palpebral conjunctiva, rebound tonometry IOP, and measurement of PFL and CHD. Data compiled were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey tests.ResultsThe results (mean ± standard deviation) were as follows: STT 8.04 ± 6.21 mm/min; IOP 10.92 ± 2.45 mmHg; PFL 0.75 ± 0.11 cm; CHD 0.96 ± 0.10 cm. Out of the 24 eyes swab samples for bacterial culture, 17 were positive, with three genera of Gram‐positive bacteria identified Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus sp., and Corynebacterium sp. Gram‐negative bacteria were not isolated from any of the samples.ConclusionsAs conservation work in this vulnerable species continues, this report on basic ophthalmic examination and diagnostic parameters will be helpful improve their treatment and care. More ophthalmic studies are encouraged in animals within the Pilosa order.
Biodistribution and image characteristics of 124I‐positron emission tomography in dogs with neuroendocrine neoplasia
Authors: Shumway Kate L. , Bryan Jeffrey N. , Donnelly Lindsay L. , Flesner Brian K. , Lattimer Jimmy C. , McCleary‐Wheeler Angela L. , Lunceford Joni M. , Maitz Charles A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRadioactive iodine is frequently used for staging of human thyroid carcinomas. Iodine‐124 scans performed using position emission tomography (PET) allow for more precise dosimetry of therapeutic radioiodine. The distribution of I‐124 has not previously been described in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this prospective, exporatory, descriptive study is to evaluate the whole‐body distribution of I‐124 in dogs with suspected thyroid carcinoma. Ten dogs with either a cytologic diagnosis of a neuroendocrine neoplasm or biochemical hyperthyroidism were enrolled in a prospective clinical study. Whole‐body I‐124 PET/CT scans were performed and were evaluated for physiologic and pathologic uptake of I‐124. The maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean) were recorded for several normal and abnormal tissues. Varying degrees of uptake were found in thyroid tumors (SUVmean = 66.37), ectopic thyroid masses (21.44), presumed metastatic lesions in lymph nodes (32.14), and the pulmonary parenchyma (4.50). In most dogs, physiologic uptake above background, measured in maximum SUV, was identified in parotid and mandibular salivary glands (14.00 and 1.57) the urinary tract (1.83), the gastrointestinal tract (19.90 stomach, 6.15 colon), the liver (1.41), and the heart (1.88). Occasionally, uptake was identified in the nasolacrimal duct (3.42), salivary duct (2.73), gallbladder (2.68), and anal gland (2.22). Physiologic uptake was also identified in normal thyroid glands and ectopic thyroid tissue. This study provides a baseline of pathologic and physiologic uptake of I‐124 in dogs with thyroid carcinoma, to guide interpretation of future studies.
Stability in the homology of Deligne–Mumford compactifications
Authors: Tosteson Philip 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing the theory of ${\mathbf {FS}} {^\mathrm {op}}$ modules, we study the asymptotic behavior of the homology of ${\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}}$, the Deligne–Mumford compactification of the moduli space of curves, for $n\gg 0$. An ${\mathbf {FS}} {^\mathrm {op}}$ module is a contravariant functor from the category of finite sets and surjections to vector spaces. Via copies that glue on marked projective lines, we give the homology of ${\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}}$ the structure of an ${\mathbf {FS}} {^\mathrm {op}}$ module and bound its degree of generation. As a consequence, we prove that the generating function $\sum _{n} \dim (H_i({\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}})) t^n$ is rational, and its denominator has roots in the set $\{1, 1/2, \ldots, 1/p(g,i)\},$ where $p(g,i)$ is a polynomial of order $O(g^2 i^2)$. We also obtain restrictions on the decomposition of the homology of ${\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}}$ into irreducible $\mathbf {S}_n$ representations.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Volt–Ampere Characteristics of a Packed Tube Heated by Joule Heating
Authors: Lu Yi Ran , Pudasainee Deepak , Khan Md , Gupta Rajender , Nikrityuk Petr A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work is devoted to experimental and numerical studies of volt–ampere characteristics of a fixed bed heated by Joule heating. The main feature of this type of fixed bed is internal heat generation using the Joule heat. The application is to provide the heat to chemically reacting gases flowing through the bed reactor. To validate our model, a cylindrical packed bed is considered with a height of 11 cm and an internal diameter of 4.8 cm. This bed is filled with 86 balls made of carbon steel with a diameter of 1/2 in. (1.27 cm). For numerical simulation, open-source dem software is used to generate the cylindrical packed bed. Electric field distribution is calculated using a new particle-unresolved discrete element modeling-based model coupled with a discrete heat transfer model to account for the temperature dependency of the electrical conductivity of steel particles. The results of the simulation were found to be in good agreement with experimental data.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of a Flat Plate Perpendicularly Submitted to Current With a Blockage Ratio of 0.214: URANS and Detached Eddy Simulation
Authors: Wu Hao , Fernandes Antonio Carlos , Cao Renjing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The uniform flow over a nominally two-dimensional normal thin flat plate with blockage ratio 0.214 was numerically investigated in three dimensions by three methods: unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) based on the realizable k–epsilon (RKE) turbulence model, URANS based on the k–omega shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model, and detached eddy simulation (DES). The Reynolds number based on the inlet flow velocity and the chord width of the plate was 117,000. A comprehensive comparison against earlier experimental results showed that URANS-SST method only could give a correct Strouhal number but overestimated the mean base pressure distribution and mean drag coefficient, while URANS-RKE and DES methods succeeded in giving accurate predictions of all. Moreover, by comparing the instantaneous vorticity contours and three-dimensional (3D) turbulent flow structures, it is found that DES is better suited for the present case because it can capture irregular small-scale structures and reproduce the three-dimensionality and low-frequency unsteadiness of the vortex shedding. Finally, through the volume-of-fluid (VOF)-based simulation of the free surface, it is demonstrated that the free surface has no significant effect on the mean drag coefficient and Strouhal number.
Calculation of Energy for RNA/RNA and DNA/RNA Duplex Formation by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Golyshev V. M. , Pyshnyi D. V. , Lomzov A. A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The development of approaches for predictive calculation of hybridization properties of various nucleic acid (NA) derivatives is the basis for the rational design of the NA-based constructs. Modern advances in computer modeling methods provide the feasibility of these calculations. We have analyzed the possibility of calculating the energy of DNA/RNA and RNA/RNA duplex formation using representative sets of complexes (65 and 75 complexes, respectively). We used the classical molecular dynamics (MD) method, the MMPBSA or MMGBSA approaches to calculate the enthalpy (ΔH°) component, and the quasi-harmonic approximation (Q-Harm) or the normal mode analysis (NMA) methods to calculate the entropy (ΔS°) contribution to the Gibbs energy ($$\Delta G_{{37}}^{^\circ }$$ ) of the NA complex formation. We have found that the MMGBSA method in the analysis of the MD trajectory of only the NA duplex and the empirical linear approximation allow calculation of the enthalpy of formation of the DNA, RNA, and hybrid duplexes of various lengths and GC content with an accuracy of 8.6%. Within each type of complex, the combination of rather efficient MMGBSA and Q-Harm approaches being applied to the trajectory of only the bimolecular complex makes it possible to calculate the $$\Delta G_{{37}}^{^\circ }$$ of the duplex formation with an error value of 10%. The high accuracy of predictive calculation for different types of natural complexes (DNA/RNA, DNA/RNA, and RNA/RNA) indicates the possibility of extending the considered approach to analogs and derivatives of nucleic acids, which gives a fundamental opportunity in the future to perform rational design of new types of NA-targeted sequence-specific compounds.
Estimating the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes in South Africa using the Deaton approach
Authors: Dare Chengetai , Boachie Micheal Kofi , Tingum Ernest Ngeh , Abdullah S M , van Walbeek Corné 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo estimate the price elasticity of demand for South Africa and thereby contribute to growing the evidence base of the likely impact of excise taxes on cigarette demand in low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsWe employ the Deaton method, using wave 5 data from the South African National Income Dynamics Study, to estimate the cigarette price elasticity for South Africa. We used a sample of 6820 households.ResultsOf the 6 820 households in the sample for which we had sufficient data, 1341 (19.7%) spent money on tobacco. The price elasticity of demand for cigarettes is estimated at −0.86 (95% CI −1.37 to −0.35), implying that the demand for cigarettes in South Africa declines by 8.6% for every 10% increase in price.ConclusionThe negative price elasticity estimate for South Africa indicates that increases in the excise tax are particularly effective in controlling cigarette consumption. However, given the presence of a significant illicit tobacco market in the country, it is important that authorities augment tax measures with strategies that curb the illicit trade in cigarettes.
Efficacy and safety of treatments for REM sleep behaviour disorder in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Lin Fabin , Weng Yanhong , Lin Xiaofeng , Wu Dihang , Su Yixiao , Cai Guoen 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionSleep disorders are the main non-motor characteristics of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The quality of life is significantly impacted by rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD). It is not clearly evidenced in the literature that some medications can reduce the dream activities of patients with PD and RBD and improve sleep quality. And, they have side effects that may increase the severity of this disease. To further understand which medication has better efficacy and fewer adverse effects for patients with PD and RBD, it is necessary to perform a network meta-analysis.Methods and analysisThis protocol is performed accordingly to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols and the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook.A thorough literature selection will be conducted up to September 2021 using PubMed, Cochrane Library (The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) and Embase. We will not only include randomised controlled trials, but prospective, retrospective cohort, case–control, nested case–control, case–cohort, cross-sectional and case series. We will use the Cochrane Collaboration tool to assess the risk of bias. Pairwise and network meta-analyses will be conducted using the R netmeta package and Stata V.14.0. The relative ranking probability of the best intervention will be estimated using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. Additionally, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, quality assessment and publication bias analysis will be performed.Ethics and disseminationNo research ethics approval is required for this systematic review, as no confidential patient data will be used. We will disseminate our findings through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations, and our review will support development of a BMJ Rapid Recommendations providing contextualised clinical guidance based on this body of evidence.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020206958.