bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformation and endurance of Indigenous hunting: Kadazandusun‐Murut bearded pig hunting practices amidst oil palm expansion and urbanization in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Kurz David J. , Saikim Fiffy Hanisdah , Justine Vanielie Terrence , Bloem Jordan , Libassi Matthew , Luskin Matthew Scott , Withey Lauren S. , Goossens Benoît , Brashares Justin S. , Potts Matthew D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Land‐use change and political–economic shifts have shaped hunting patterns globally, even as traditional hunting practices endure across many local socio‐cultural contexts. The widespread expansion of oil palm cultivation, and associated urbanization, alters land‐use patterns, ecological processes, economic relationships, access to land and social practices.

In particular, we focus on the socio‐ecological dynamics between Kadazandusun‐Murut (KDM) hunters in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, and bearded pigs (Sus barbatus; Malay: ‘babi hutan’), the favoured game animal for non‐Muslim communities throughout much of Borneo. We conducted 38 semi‐structured interviews spanning over 50 hr with bearded pig hunters, asking them about contemporary hunting practices and motivations, changes in hunting practices, changes in pig behaviour, and patterns of animal protein consumption in village and urban contexts.

Amidst widespread land‐use change, primarily driven by oil palm expansion, respondents reported substantially different characteristics of hunting in oil palm plantations as compared to hunting in forests. Additionally, 17 of 38 hunters—including 71% (10/14) of hunters who started hunting before 1985, compared to 26% (6/23) of hunters who started hunting in 1985 or later—mentioned that bearded pigs are behaving in a more skittish or fearful way as compared to the past. Our respondents also reported reductions in hunting frequency and wild meat consumption in urban contexts as compared to rural contexts.

However, despite these substantial changes in hunting and dietary practices, numerous KDM hunting motivations, hunting techniques and socio‐cultural traditions have endured over the last several decades. For some, bearded pig meat remains deeply tied to food provision, gifting and sharing customs, and cultural components of celebrations and feasts.

Oil palm has cultivated new hunting practices that differ from those in forests, and has potentially contributed to altered bearded pig behaviour due to increased hunting accessibility. Together, oil palm and urbanization are helping reshape the KDM‐bearded pig socio‐ecological system. In light of these reshaped connections, we recommend location‐specific management approaches that ensure fair access to the dietary and social benefits of bearded pig hunting while preserving the critical conservation needs of bearded pig populations and habitat. These twin goals are particularly urgent given the confirmed outbreak of African Swine Fever (ASF), and mass deaths of domestic pigs and wild bearded pigs, in Sabah and Kalimantan in 2021.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Risk of neuropsychiatric adverse events associated with varenicline treatment for smoking cessation among Dutch population: A sequence symmetry analysis
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , van Boven Job F. M. , Bos Jens H. J. , Schuiling‐Veninga Catharina C. M. , Boezen H. Marike , Wilffert Bob , Hak Eelko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeVarenicline is an effective treatment for smoking cessation. While clinical trials did not confirm a causal role, case reports suggested a possible link of varenicline with neuropsychiatric adverse drug events (NPAEs). This study aims to investigate the risk of NPAEs associated with varenicline initiation among the general population in a real‐world setting.MethodsWe conducted a sequence symmetry analysis (SSA) based on the University of Groningen IADB.nl prescription database. We selected incident users of both varenicline and marker drugs for NPAEs, including depression, anxiety and sleep disorder within different time‐intervals. Adjusted sequence ratios (aSR) were calculated for each time‐interval.ResultsWithin 365‐days' time‐interval 1066 patients were incident users of both varenicline and NPAE marker drugs. In total, 505 patients were prescribed varenicline before NPAE marker drugs and 561 vice versa (crude sequence ratio [cSR] 0.90, 95% CI: 0.80–1.02). After adjustments for trends in prescriptions, overall a null association was found (aSR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.89–1.13). Regarding specific NPAEs, no increased risks were found for depression nor anxiety within any time‐interval. A small transient increased risk was found for sleep disorders, particularly in earlier time‐intervals 3 and 6 months (aSRs 1.52, 95% CI: 1.10–2.11 and 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15–1.83, respectively). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed similar findings.ConclusionsVarenicline initiation was unlikely to be associated with an increased risk of taking anti‐depressants nor anti‐anxiety drugs. Yet a small, but statistically significant, transient association with drugs for sleep disorders was noticed, possibly associated with withdrawal symptoms caused by smoking cessation.
The Standard Model quiver in de Sitter string compactifications
Authors: Cicoli M. , García Etxebarria I. , Quevedo F. , Schachner A. , Shukla P. , Valandro R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We argue that the Standard Model quiver can be embedded into compact Calabi-Yau geometries through orientifolded D3-branes at del Pezzo singularities dPn with n ≥ 5 in a framework including moduli stabilisation. To illustrate our approach, we explicitly construct a local dP5 model via a combination of Higgsing and orientifolding. This procedure reduces the original dP5 quiver gauge theory to the Left-Right symmetric model with three families of quarks and leptons as well as a Higgs sector to further break the symmetries to the Standard Model gauge group. We embed this local model in a globally consistent Calabi-Yau flux compactification with tadpole and Freed-Witten anomaly cancellations. The model features closed string moduli stabilisation with a de Sitter minimum from T-branes, supersymmetry broken by the Kähler moduli, and the MSSM as the low energy spectrum. We further discuss phenomenological and cosmological implications of this construction.
Masses and decay constants of the η and η′ mesons from lattice QCD
Authors:   The RQCD collaboration, Bali Gunnar S. , Braun Vladimir , Collins Sara , Schäfer Andreas , Simeth Jakob 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We determine the masses, the singlet and octet decay constants as well as the anomalous matrix elements of the η and η′ mesons in Nf = 2 + 1 QCD. The results are obtained using twenty-one CLS ensembles of non-perturbatively improved Wilson fermions that span four lattice spacings ranging from a ≈ 0.086 fm down to a ≈ 0.050 fm. The pion masses vary from Mπ = 420 MeV to 126 MeV and the spatial lattice extents Ls are such that LsMπ ≳ 4, avoiding significant finite volume effects. The quark mass dependence of the data is tightly constrained by employing two trajectories in the quark mass plane, enabling a thorough investigation of U(3) large-Nc chiral perturbation theory (ChPT). The continuum limit extrapolated data turn out to be reasonably well described by the next-to-leading order ChPT parametrization and the respective low energy constants are determined. The data are shown to be consistent with the singlet axial Ward identity and, for the first time, also the matrix elements with the topological charge density are computed. We also derive the corresponding next-to-leading order large-Nc ChPT formulae. We find F8 = 115.0(2.8) MeV, θ8 = −25.8(2.3)°, θ0 = −8.1(1.8)° and, in the $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme for Nf = 3, F0(μ = 2 GeV) = 100.1(3.0) MeV, where the decay constants read $$ {F}_{\eta}^8 $$

F
η
8

= F8 cos θ8, $$ {F}_{\eta \prime}^8 $$

F

η
′

8

= F8 sin θ8, $$ {F}_{\eta}^0 $$

F
η
0

= −F0 sin θ0 and $$ {F}_{\eta \prime}^0 $$

F

η
′

0

= F0 cos θ0. For the gluonic matrix elements, we obtain aη(μ = 2 GeV) = 0.0170(10) GeV3 and aη′(μ = 2 GeV) = 0.0381(84) GeV3, where statistical and all systematic errors are added in quadrature.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1, 2, 3 ℓ-conformal Galilei superalgebras
Authors: Galajinsky Anton , Masterov Ivan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The issue of constructing $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, 2, 3 supersymmetric extensions of the ℓ-conformal Galilei algebra is reconsidered following the approach in [27]. Drawing a parallel between acceleration generators entering the superalgebra and irreducible supermultiplets of d = 1, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
-extended superconformal group, a new $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 ℓ-conformal Galilei superalgebra, two new $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 variants, and two new $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 versions are built. Realisations in terms of differential operators in superspace are given.
Automated Detection of Ischemic Stroke and Subsequent Patient Triage in Routinely Acquired Head CT
Authors: Finck Tom , Schinz David , Grundl Lioba , Eisawy Rami , Yiğitsoy Mehmet , Moosbauer Julia , Zimmer Claus , Pfister Franz , Wiestler Benedikt 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Advanced machine-learning (ML) techniques can potentially detect the entire spectrum of pathology through deviations from a learned norm.
We investigated the utility of a weakly supervised ML tool to detect characteristic findings related to ischemic stroke in head CT and provide subsequent patient triage.

Methods
Patients having undergone non-enhanced head CT at a tertiary care hospital in April 2020 with either no anomalies, subacute or chronic ischemia, lacunar infarcts of the deep white matter or hyperdense vessel signs were retrospectively analyzed. Anomaly detection was performed using a weakly supervised ML classifier. Findings were displayed on a voxel-level (heatmap) and pooled to an anomaly score. Thresholds for this score classified patients into i) normal, ii) inconclusive, iii) pathological. Expert-validated radiological reports were considered as ground truth. Test assessment was performed with ROC analysis; inconclusive results were pooled to pathological predictions for accuracy measurements.

Results
During the investigation period 208 patients were referred for head CT of which 111 could be included. Definite ratings into normal/pathological were feasible in 77 (69.4%) patients. Based on anomaly scores, the AUC to differentiate normal from pathological scans was 0.98 (95% CI 0.97–1.00). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 100%, 40.6%, 80.6% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates the potential of a weakly supervised anomaly-detection tool to detect stroke findings in head CT. Definite classification into normal/pathological was made with high accuracy in > 2/3 of patients. Anomaly heatmaps further provide guidance towards pathologies, also in cases with inconclusive ratings.
Genetic variation at ERBB3/IKZF4 and sexual dimorphism in epitope spreading in single autoantibody-positive relatives
Authors: Vandewalle Julie , Van der Auwera Bart J. , Amin Henna , Quartier Erik , Desouter Aster K. , Tenoutasse Sylvie , Gillard Pieter , De Block Christophe , Keymeulen Bart , Gorus Frans K. , Van de Casteele Mark ,   the Belgian Diabetes Registry
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
We examined whether the non-HLA susceptibility locus ERBB3/IKZF4 influences progression of type 1 diabetes stage specifically according to sex.

Methods
SNPs of ERBB3 (rs2292239 T/G) and IKZF4 (rs1701704 G/T) were screened by allelic discrimination quantitative PCR assay in first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetes patients who had developed at least one circulating autoantibody. The effect of ERBB3/IKZF4 genotypes and sex, on the progression of single autoantibody positivity to multiple autoantibody positivity and from multiple autoantibody positivity to diabetes, was studied by Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression.

Results
In the cohort of autoantibody-positive first-degree relatives, the risk allele frequencies for ERBB3 rs2292239 (T) and IKZF4 rs1701704 (G) were increased. There was a significant male excess at the stage of multiple autoantibody positivity (p = 0.021). In Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, progression from single to multiple antibody positivity was delayed in female participants with genotype ERBB3 GG (p = 0.018, vs ERBB3 TG+TT) or IKZF4 TT (p = 0.023, vs IKZF4 GT+GG), but not in male participants. In multivariate Cox regression models, the interaction effects between female sex and ERBB3 GG (p = 0.012; HR = 0.305 [95% CI 0.120, 0.773]) or between female sex and IKZF4 TT (p = 0.011; HR = 0.329 [95% CI 0.140, 0.777]) emerged as potential determinants of delayed progression to multiple autoantibodies. The progression from multiple autoantibody positivity to type 1 diabetes appeared not to be influenced by ERBB3/IKZF4.

Conclusions/interpretation
In siblings and offspring of type 1 diabetes patients, polymorphism in region ERBB3/IKZF4 may affect disease progression at the level of epitope spreading in female individuals. Our findings suggest that interaction between sex and ERBB3/IKZF4 may contribute to the post-pubertal male excess in type 1 diabetes.

Graphical abstract
Uniqueness theorem in coupled strain gradient elasticity with mixed boundary conditions
Authors: Nazarenko Lidiia , Glüge Rainer , Altenbach Holm 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe equilibrium equations and the traction boundary conditions are evaluated on the basis of the condition of the stationarity of the Lagrangian for coupled strain gradient elasticity. The quadratic form of strain energy can be written as a function of the strain and the second gradient of displacement and contains a fourth-, a fifth- and a sixth-order stiffness tensor $${\mathbb {C}}_4$$

C
4

, $${\mathbb {C}}_5$$

C
5

and $${\mathbb {C}}_6$$

C
6

, respectively. Assuming invariance under rigid body motions the balance of linear and angular momentum is obtained. The uniqueness theorem (Kirchhoff) for the mixed boundary value problem is proved for the case of the coupled linear strain gradient elasticity (novel). To this end, the total potential energy is altered to be presented as an uncoupled quadratic form of the strain and the modified second gradient of displacement vector. Such a transformation leads to a decoupling of the equation of the potential energy density. The uniqueness of the solution is proved in the standard manner by considering the difference between two solutions.
Letaler Stromunfall in der Badewanne durch ein zum Laden angeschlossenes Smartphone
Authors: Eppler M. , Pankratz H. , Sinicina I. , Münnich G. 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungStromtodesfälle in der Badewanne sind üblicherweise Folge suizidaler Handlungen oder ereignen sich unfallbedingt. Berichtet wird über einen letalen Stromunfall, bei dem über ein defektes, nicht den hiesigen Normen entsprechendes Ladegerät eines Smartphones, das während eines Vollbades in der Hand gehalten wurde, die volle Netzwechselspannung auf den Körper einer jungen Frau verschleppt wurde, der dadurch Teil eines geschlossenen Stromkreises wurde. Elektrogeräte von minderwertiger Qualität stellen ein nicht abschätzbares Gefährdungspotenzial für die Benutzer dar.
Classifying simply connected wandering domains
Authors: Benini Anna Miriam , Evdoridou Vasiliki , Fagella Núria , Rippon Philip J. , Stallard Gwyneth M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile the dynamics of transcendental entire functions in periodic Fatou components and in multiply connected wandering domains are well understood, the dynamics in simply connected wandering domains have so far eluded classification. We give a detailed classification of the dynamics in such wandering domains in terms of the hyperbolic distances between iterates and also in terms of the behaviour of orbits in relation to the boundaries of the wandering domains. In establishing these classifications, we obtain new results of wider interest concerning non-autonomous forward dynamical systems of holomorphic self maps of the unit disk. We also develop a new general technique for constructing examples of bounded, simply connected wandering domains with prescribed internal dynamics, and a criterion to ensure that the resulting boundaries are Jordan curves. Using this technique, based on approximation theory, we show that all of the nine possible types of simply connected wandering domain resulting from our classifications are indeed realizable.
Prognostic value of the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) in patients undergoing colorectal surgery
Authors: El‐Kefraoui Charbel , Rajabiyazdi Fateme , Pecorelli Nicolò , Carli Franco , Lee Lawrence , Feldman Liane S. , Fiore Julio F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundComplications are common after colorectal surgery and remain a target for quality improvement. Lower preoperative physical functioning is associated with poor postoperative outcomes, but assessment often relies on subjective judgment or resource‐intensive tests. Recent literature suggests that self‐reported functional capacity, measured using the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI), is a strong predictor of postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to estimate the extent to which DASI predicts 30‐day complications after colorectal surgery.MethodsIn this observational study, 100 patients undergoing colorectal resection [median age 63, 57% men, 81% laparoscopic, 37% rectal surgery] responded to DASI two weeks preoperatively. Complications were classified according to Clavien–Dindo and quantified using the comprehensive complication index (CCI). Our primary analysis targeted the relationship between preoperative DASI and odds of complications. Secondary analyses focused on 30‐day severe complications, CCI, readmissions, and length of stay (LOS). We also explored the predictive ability of DASI with scores dichotomized based on a previously validated threshold (≤ 34).ResultsMean preoperative DASI was 48 ± 12. Forty‐six patients (46%) experienced 30‐day complications (8% severe, CCI 9.6 ± 15). Lower DASI scores were associated with higher odds of complications (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.03–1.14; p = 0.001). Preoperative DASI was also an independent predictor of severe complications, CCI, and readmissions. The predictive ability was supported when scores were dichotomized at ≤ 34.ConclusionDASI is a significant predictor of postoperative complications after colorectal surgery. This questionnaire can be easily implemented in clinical practice to identify patients with low preoperative functional capacity and target interventions to those at higher risk.
Forced posture of neurology residents in daily routine on the ward in Germany
Authors: Bijanzadeh Anne , Hermanns Ingo , Ellegast Rolf , Fraeulin Laura , Holzgreve Fabian , Groneberg David A. , Ohlendorf Daniela 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this pilot study was to analyze the work of neurologists regarding static posture (> 4 s) and to identify awkward postures.

Methods
A total of 9 neurologists (assistant physicians; 3 male, 6 female) participated in this study. Kinematic data were collected using the computer-assisted acquisition and long-term analysis of musculoskeletal loads (CUELA; IFA, Sankt Augustin, Germany) system. Daily work (“office work,” “measures on patients,” and “other activities”) was analyzed with a computer-based task analysis.

Results
During ”measures on patients,” more than 80% of the total percentage of non-neutral posture was assumed with a flexed position of the head and entire back, both during “blood collection” (4.7% of the time) and while “placing intravenous catheters” (8.3% of the time). In contrast, long static postures (> 30 s) in the head and neck area, including the thoracic spine, were adopted during “office work.” Despite the increased total percentage of non-neutral attitudes during measures on patients, the time share of 3.4% of the total working time is so small that the risk for developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) is negligible. In contrast, office work, which comprises 50.8% of the total working time and longer static postures, has a potential risk for the development of MSD.

Conclusion
The present study is the first kinematic pilot analysis in the field of in-patient neurological assistants. Non-neutral as well as static postures in everyday work could be identified. Potential MSD can be reduced by optimizing the working height and by taking regular breaks to loosen the musculoskeletal system.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Gene Modules Associated with Cold Tolerance in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: Huang Xing , Liang Yongsheng , Zhang Baoqing , Song Xiupeng , Li Yangrui , Li Changning , Qin Zhengqiang , Li Dewei , Wei Jiguang , Wu Jianming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSugarcane is an important crop worldwide, and most sugar is derived directly from sugarcane. Due to its thermophilic nature, the yield of sugarcane is largely influenced by extreme climate conditions, especially cold stress. Therefore, the development of sugarcane with improved cold tolerance is an important goal. However, little is known about the multiple mechanisms underlying cold acclimation at the bud stage in sugarcane. In this study, we emphasized that sensitivity to cold stress was higher for the sugarcane variety ROC22 than for GT42, as determined by physical signs, including bud growth capacity, relative conductivity, malonaldehyde contents, and soluble sugar contents. To understand the factors contributing to the difference in cold tolerance between ROC22 and GT42, comparative transcriptome analyses were performed. We found that genes involved in the regulation of the stability of the membrane system were the relative determinants of difference in cold tolerance. Additionally, genes related to protein kinase activity, starch metabolism, and calcium signal transduction were associated with cold tolerance. Finally, 25 candidate genes, including 23 variety-specific and 2 common genes, and 7 transcription factors were screened out for understanding the possible cold resistance mechanism. The findings of this study provide candidate gene resources for cold resistance and will improve our understanding of the regulation of cold tolerance at the bud stage in sugarcane.
Anticoagulants for stroke prevention in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Schäfer Andreas , Flierl Ulrike , Bauersachs Johann 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImpaired left-ventricular ejection-fraction (LV-EF) is a known risk factor for ischemic stroke and systemic embolism in patients with heart failure (HF) even in the absence of atrial fibrillation. While stroke risk is inversely correlated with LV-EF in HF patients with sinus rhythm, strategies using anticoagulation with Vitamin-K antagonists (VKA) were futile as the increase in major bleedings outweighed the potential benefit in stroke reduction. Non-Vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) proved to be an effective and in general safer approach for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation and may also have a favourable risk–benefit profile in HF patients. In HF patients with sinus rhythm, the COMPASS trial suggested a potential benefit for rivaroxaban, whereas the more dedicated COMMANDER-HF trial remained neutral on overall ischemic benefit owed to a higher mortality which was not influenced by anticoagulation. More recent data from subgroups in the COMMANDER-HF trial, however, suggest that there might be a benefit of rivaroxaban regarding stroke prevention under certain circumstances. In this article, we review the existing evidence for NOACs in HF patients with atrial fibrillation, elaborate the rationale for stroke prevention in HF patients with sinus rhythm, summarise the available data from anticoagulation trials in HF with sinus rhythm, and describe the patient who might eventually profit from an individualised strategy aiming to reduce stroke risk.
Graphic abstract