bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of CISSe / CdS / ZnO Structure Performance by SCAPS-1D.
Authors: Lachhab Saad Eddin , Bliya A. , Ibrahmi E. Al , Dlimi L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This manuscript presents an optimization of the performances of the CISSe/CdS/ZnO structure. 12 tests were performed for each layer on thickness, gap energy and temperature using SCAPC-1D. Numerical data were compiled with the open circuit voltage, the short circuit density, the fill factor and the efficiency. The results obtained are confirmed with the measurements illustrated in the literature. The analyses indicate a progressive improvement in the performance of the structure for each test; an efficiency of 28.8 % was recorded for the CISSe layer while 30.07 % as an efficiency for CdS and 31.47 % for the absorbent layer. On the other hand, an open circuit voltage does not exceed 1.37V for the whole structure.Thus, these results are satisfied and encouraged.
“Honestly, this problem has affected me a lot”: A qualitative exploration of the socioeconomic impacts of chronic respiratory disease among people and their communities in Sudan and Tanzania
Authors: Egere Uzochukwu , Shayo Elizabeth H , Chinouya Martha , Taegtmeyer Miriam , Ardery Jane , Mpagama Stella , Ntinginya Nyanda Elias , Ahmed Rana , Hussein El Hafiz , Sony Asma El , Wingfield Tom , Obasi Angela I N , Tolhurst Rachel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOver 500 million people live with chronic respiratory diseases globally and approximately 4 million of these, mostly from the low- and middle-income countries including sub-Saharan Africa, die prematurely every year. Despite high CRD morbidity and mortality, little is known about the socioeconomic impact of CRDs in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the socioeconomic impact of CRDs among people with CRD to inform management of CRDs in Sudan and Tanzania. MethodWe conducted in-depth interviews with people with known or suspected CRD and focus group discussions with members of the community in Gezira state, Sudan and Dodoma region, Tanzania, to share their understanding and experience with CRD. The data was analyzed using thematic framework analysis. ResultsPeople with CRD in both contexts reported a significantly diminished capacity to do hard physical work, resulting in both direct and indirect economic impacts for them and their families. Direct costs were incurred while seeking healthcare, including expenditures on transportation to the health facility and procurement of diagnostic tests and treatments, whilst loss of working hours and jobs resulted in substantial indirect costs. Enacted and internalized stigma leading to withdrawal and social exclusion was described by participants and resulted in part from association of chronic cough with tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. In Sudan, asthma was described as having a negative impact on marital prospects for young women and non-disclosure related to stigma was a particular issue for young people. Impaired community participation and restrictions on social activity led to psychological stress for both people with CRD and their families. ConclusionChronic respiratory diseases have substantial social and economic impacts among people with CRD and their families in Sudan and Tanzania. Stigma is particularly strong and appears to be driven in part by association of chronic cough with infectiousness. Context-appropriate measures to address economic impacts and chronic cough stigma are urgently needed as part of interventions to address chronic respiratory diseases in these sub-Saharan African contexts.
Factors Associated with Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission Among Inpatients with and without Diabetes in South Western Sydney Public Hospitals Using the New South Wales Admission Patient Data Collection (2014 and 2017).
Authors: Osuagwu Uchechukwu L , Xu Matthew , Piya Milan K , Agho Kingsley E , Simmons David 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

South Western Sydney (SWS) is a hotspot for diabetes in Australia. We compared intensive care unit (ICU) admission risk between people with and without diabetes admitted to public hospitals in this metropolitan health district.
Methods

Retrospective study of all admissions to ICU in the New South Wales Admitted Patient Data Collection (APDC) over three years. Data on demographic and health insurance status, primary admission diagnosis, comorbidities including death in admission for public hospital inpatients aged ≥18 years residing in South Western Sydney were analysed. The ICU length of stay was the main outcome variable classified into short stay (≤48hrs) and long stay (>48 hrs) were analysed. Potential predictors were analysed for possible association with long ICU stay among people with and without diabetes admitted to the hospital.
Results

Of the 187660 inpatients from SWS in the three years, 3.5% spent at least one hour in ICU [5.0% with diabetes versus 3.3% without diabetes, P<0.001]. The median length of ICU stay was similar between people with and without diabetes [40hrs IQR 16-88 hrs versus 43hrs IQR 19-79hrs] as well as the prevalence of long ICU stay [44.9%, 95%CI 42.1, 47.7% versus 43.6%, 95%CI 42.2, 44.9%], respectively. A primary admission diagnosis of circulatory system disease was associated with long ICU stay in both groups, while male sex and a primary diagnosis of nervous system disease was associated with long ICU stay in the non-diabetes group only. Long ICU stay was associated with 1.6 times higher in-hospital mortality in people with diabetes.
Conclusions

ICU admission was more common in people with diabetes. One in every two admissions to ICU had a long stay, thereby increasing the resource utilization and was associated with higher in-hospital mortality. The predictors identified in the study can target this group to improve resource utilization and efficiency of ICU care. Additional population-based approaches to diabetes care are needed to reduce the risks of acute hospital admission.
Nasopharyngeal Microbiome of COVID-19 Patients Using 16S Amplicon Analysis Revealed Distinct Bacterial Profile in Demised and Recovered Individuals
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Pandit Ramesh , Sharma Sonal , Raval Janvi , Patel Zarna , Joshi Madhvi , Joshi Chaitanya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

COVID-19 pandemic has shaken the entire world and the socio-economic life on the planet. The implications of the bacterial co-infections in SARS-CoV-2 patients remained the least explored subject of clinical manifestations among the COVID-19. Identification and association of the nasopharyngeal microbial community structure within SARS-CoV-2 infected patients could reveal microbiota dynamics that may determine and/or influence the disease outcome in the COVID-19 patients.
Results

Here, in this study, we present distinct nasopharyngeal microbiome in the demised (N=48) and recovered (N=29) COVID-19 patients as compared to the control group (N=33). The nasal microbiome composition in the three groups vary significantly (PERMANOVA, p-value <0.001), where demised patients showed higher species richness as compared to the recovered and control groups. Pathogenic genera including Corynebacterium (LAD score 5.51), Staphylococcus, Serratia, Klebsiella and their corresponding species were found as biomarkers (p-value <0.05, LDA cutoff 4.0) in the patients those who demised due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Except for a few pathogenic species in the genera, Ochrobactrum (LDA score 5.79), and Burkholderia (LDA 5.29), the recovered group harbors ordinal bacteria (p-value <0.05, LDA-4.0) as biomarkers. Similarly, Pseudomonas (LDA score 6.19), and several healthy oral/nasal cavity commensal including Veillonella, and Porphyroonas, were biomarkers for the control individuals.
Conclusions

Dysbiosis in the commensal nasopharyngeal microbiota, especially due to infection of opportunistic pathogens could lead to more complex and severe COVID-19 disease dynamics. Whereas, healthy commensal bacteria may trigger the immune response and alter the viral infection susceptibility and thus, may help in preventing the viral infection and possible recovery which is yet to be explored. The findings in the present study provide key considerations and have significant implications for the COVID-19 treatment and control measures. However, further study is required to address the microbiome based therapeutic aspects.
Ashing of Bone: Errors Due to Loss of CO2 and Its Correction
Authors: Thotakura Aasritha , Quenneville Cheryl , Schwarcz Henry P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Ashing is widely used to determine weight fraction of water-free bone that is mineral, but no standard procedure exists and the range of techniques used spans a range of temperatures and times over which the amount of weight loss is variable. We show that variability is largely due to progressive loss of CO2 from CO3 2- ions in the apatite crystal lattice, beginning at 600⁰C, typically used for ashing. We test the effect of varying temperature, time and weight of sample and develop a reliable method, using small samples.Methods: Replicate samples of bovine cortical bone were tested at 500⁰, 600⁰ and 700⁰C for times ranging up to 24h. We also tested samples of multiple humans at what we concluded to be the optimal conditionsResults: Varying conditions of ashing resulted in variations in apparent ash weight % by up to 7%. Samples between 5 and 20 mg heated to 600⁰C for 1 h gave results agreeing with generally accepted values, but with much smaller variability. Ash wt% values for multiple human bone samples differed by up to 4.8% but replicate data for individuals agree to ± 1 wt%. Conclusions: A satisfactory method is given for ash weight determination using small samples, and yielding highly reproducible data. If accepted widely, ash weight values between laboratories could be used to study variations due to diet, age, drug treatment and disease.
Awareness on presentation of obstetric fistula and associated factors among reproductive age women in south eastern zone of tigray,ethiopia,2020.cross sectional study
Authors: Asfaha Berhane Teklay , Gebru Haftu Berhe , Belay Desta Siyoum , Gebremeskel Teferi Gebru 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Worldwide, around one million girls and women are currently living with fistula. Less than 20,000 women with obstetric fistula are treated each year. Lack of awareness is a frequently mentioned barrier to seeking fistula treatment; many women suffering from obstetric fistula do not know what fistula is, as it is treatable, or where to get treatment. Even though obstetric fistula has likely weighed down women since the beginning of time, few researches proportionally exists.
Methods
A community based quantitative cross-sectional survey was undertaken in south eastern zone of Tigray. A multistage random sampling technique was implemented to select total participants of 605 reproductive age women. Two districts were randomly selected and from those districts, 12 kebels were selected randomly and the calculated sample size (605) was proportionally allocated to each selected kebeles. The data were collected by using face to face/interview with structured questionnaire from February 26-March 24/2020 after ensuring that all requirements of ethical considerations were fulfilled. The collected data were entered in to Epidata version 4.2 then exported to SPSS version20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics with frequency, percentage, table and graph and cross tabulation were used for presentation of result. Bivariable and multivariable analysis were used to examine the association. Odds ratios with 95% confidence interval and P-value <0.05 were used to determine the statistical association.
Result
Overall, about 31.6% of respondents had good awareness on presentation of obstetric fistula. The major determinant factors identified to awareness on presentation of obstetric fistula were educational level (above secondary)[AOR(95%CI=2.9(1.42-9.6)],history of institutional delivery (for the index child)[AOR (95%CI=4.1(1.76-9.56)] and having prior information about obstetric fistula[AOR (95%CI=2.2(1.01-4.75)].
Conclusion
In this study majority of reproductive age women in the study area had poor awareness regarding presentation of obstetric fistula. Several interventions like health education and information should be implemented to enhance the awareness of the community towards obstetric fistula.
Towards elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in Kenya: Improving advocacy, communication and social mobilization activities for mass drug administration, a qualitative study.
Authors: Kibe Lydiah W. , Kimani Bridget W. , Okoyo Collins , Omondi Wyckliff P. , Sultani Hadley M. , Njomo Doris W. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
IntroductionA major pillar in the Kenya Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) breaking transmission strategy of 2019 -2023 is that of intensifying advocacy, coordination and partnerships in NTD control and elimination. The purpose of this study was to explore views and experiences of stakeholders and health workers on ways of improving Advocacy, Communication and Social Mobilization (ACSM) activities of MDA for LF programmes through participatory approaches in Kilifi County, Kenya.Methods: Two wards were purposely selected in Kaloleni sub county, Kilifi County where there was average treatment coverage of 56% in 2015, 50.5% in 2016. Qualitative data collection methods were employed which included participatory meetings with county stakeholders to understand their views, experiences and suggestions on how ACSM strategies can be improved in MDA for LF. 12 In-Depth Interviews (IDI) were conducted (six with opinion leaders and six with Community Health Extension Workers (CHEWs) and two Semi structured interviews (SSIs) were held with county and sub-county coordinators involved in MDA administration. The aim was better understanding their perceptions of the NTD program about ACSM, challenges to ACSM strategies, and ways to improve the strategies for ACSM in MDA for LF. Data was organized and classified into codes and themes using QSR NVIVO version 12.Results: The study observed a low participation of stakeholders in ACSM activities of MDA for LF and identified potential areas for stakeholders’ involvement to strengthen the activities. Challenges hindering effective implementation of ACSM activities included late delivery of Information Educational and Communication (IEC) and few IEC materials, insufficient funding, inadequate time allocated to reach to the assigned households with messages, messaging and packaging of information for dissemination and vastness of the area. The stakeholders recommended innovative strategies and techniques to improve ACSM activities.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study show key challenges to ACSM implementation of MDA for LF. Implementers need to pay attention to these challenges to enhance effectiveness of MDA in accordance to the Kenya NTD breaking transmission Strategy. ACSM efforts in MDA for LF control and elimination should be linked with overarching efforts to mainstream partnerships and coordination in control and elimination.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Palpitation Versus Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy for Diagnosis of Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tarigan Tri Juli Edi , Anwar Budiman Syaeful , Sinto Robert , Wisnu Wismandari 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Thyroid nodule is a common health problem in endocrinology. Thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) cytology performed by palpation guided FNAB (PGFNAB) and ultrasound-guided FNAB (USGFNAB) are the preferred examinations for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer and part of the integration of the current thyroid nodule assessment. Although studies have shown USGFNAB to be more accurate than PGFNAB, inconsistencies from several studies and clinical guidelines still exist.The purpose of this study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of Palpation versus Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in diagnosing malignancy of thyroid nodules.The systematic review and meta-analysis were prepared based on the PRISMA standards. Literature searches were carried out on three online databases, namely Pubmed/MEDLINE, Embase, Proquest, and other literature sources. Data extraction was carried out manually from various studies that met the eligibility, followed by analysis to obtain pooled data on sensitivity, specificity, Diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR) and Area Under Curve (AUC), and the comparison of the two methods. Total of 2517 articles were obtained, with 11 studies were included in this systematic review. The total sample was 2382, including 1128 subjects using PGFNAB and 1254 subjects using USGFNAB. The risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS-2 with mild-moderate results. The results of sensitivity, specificity, AUC and DOR in diagnosing thyroid nodules using PGFNAB were 76% (95% CI, 49-89%), 77% (95% CI, 56-95%), 0.827 and 11.6 (95% CI, 6-21) respectively. The results of sensitivity, specificity, AUC and DOR in diagnosing thyroid nodules using USGFNAB were 90% (95% CI, 81-95%), 80% (95% CI, 66-89%), 0.92 and 40 (95% CI, 23-69), respectively the results of the comparison test between PGFNAB and USGFNAB; Tsens USGFNAB of 0.99 (p = 0.023), AUC difference test of 0.093 (p = 0.000023) The diagnostic accuracy of USGFNAB is higher than PGFNAB in diagnosing malignancy of thyroid nodules. If it is accessible, the author recommends using USGFNAB as a diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules.
Novel Image Features of Optical Coherence Tomography for pathological classification of lung cancer: results from a prospective clinical trial
Authors: zhu qiang , yang zhen , yu hang , Liang Zhixin , zhao wei , zhu minghui , xu yi , guo mingxue , jia yanhong , zou chenxi , chen Liangan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

This study aimed to explore the characteristics of Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging for differentiating between benign and malignant lesions, and different pathological types of lung cancer in bronchial lesions, and to preliminarily evaluate the clinical value of OCT.
Methods

Patients who underwent bronchoscopy biopsy and OCT between February 2019 and December 2019 at the Chinese PLA General Hospital were enrolled in this study. White-light bronchoscopy (WLB), auto-fluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) and OCT were performed at the lesion location. The main characteristics of OCT imaging for the differentiation between benign and malignant lesions and the prediction of the pathological classification of lung cancer in bronchial lesions were identified and their clinical value was evaluated.
Results

A total of 135 patients were included in this study. The accuracy of OCT imaging for differentiating between benign and malignant bronchial lesions was 94.1%, which was significantly higher than that of AFB (67.4%). For the OCT imaging of SCC, adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer the accuracies were 95.6%, 94.3% and 92%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of OCT were higher than those of WLB. In addition, these main OCT image characteristics are independent influencing factors for predicting the corresponding diseases through Logistic regression analysis between the main OCT image characteristics in the study and the general clinical features of patients(p༜0.05).
Conclusion

As a non-biopsy technique, OCT can be used to improve the diagnosis rate of lung cancer and promote the development of non-invasive histological biopsy.
Nutritional Knowledge, Practices, Nutritional Status and the Associated Factors Among HIV Positive Mothers On Antiretroviral Therapy: Evidence from Cross Sectional Survey in Abay Choman Health Centers, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Gemede Habtamu Fekadu , Kaba Feyisa , Dufera Mebrate 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Lack of nutritional knowledge, inadequate nutritional practice and under nutrition in HIV positive mothers contribute to accelerate the progression of HIV/AIDS.
Methods

An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on nutritional knowledge, practice and status among 394 HIV positive mothers by systematic sampling techniques in Abay Choman health centers from February 2019 to August 2019. Structured and pre-tested questionnaires were used to collect data and analysis was done using SPSS for windows version 22.0. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were computed to identify the presence of association at p<0.05.
Results

This study revealed that more than half (58.9%) and (54.1%) of participants had good nutritional knowledge and practice, respectively. The prevalence of underweight, normal weight and overweight of the respondents were 31.2%, 59.1% and 9.7%, respectively. Age of mothers (AOR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.01, 4.6), marital status (AOR = 4.26, 95%CI: 1.23, 14.81), educational level (AOR = 3.57, 95%CI: 1.99, 6.43) and average monthly income (AOR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.79) were significantly associated with level of nutritional knowledge during multivariate analysis. Educational level (AOR = 3.83, 95%CI: 2.06, 7.13), family size (AOR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.82), average monthly income (AOR =2.14, 95%CI: 1.10, 4.17) and mothers’ occupation (AOR = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.22, 0.71) were significantly associated with the level of nutritional practice. Furthermore, marital status (AOR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.86), educational level (AOR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.29, 0.99), average monthly income (AOR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.85) and mothers’ occupation (AOR = 1.86, 95%CI: 1.06, 3.26) were significantly associated with nutritional status.
Conclusions

The level of nutritional knowledge and practice of respondents was poor and their under nutrition was higher. This is associated to educational level, average monthly income, mothers’ occupation and marital status of the respondents. Therefore, health centers should have to work in the above gaps of nutritional knowledge and practice of HIV positive mothers through awareness creation in study area.
Acute Mast Cell Leukemia Preceded by Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Huafang , Chen Yuan , Lin Huijun , Lan Jianping , Jin Lai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Mast cell leukemia (MCL) is a highly life-threatening and extremely rare subtype of systemic mastocytosis (SM). MCL, divided into de novo subtype and secondary to mastocytosis subtype, often genetically contains one or more somatic mutations, particularly the activating mutations of KIT. In this study, an acute MCL case was reported, who had rare phenotype and genetic mutants with a history of primary malignant mediastinal germ cell tumor (GCT).Case presentation: A male patient aged 30, who underwent two rounds of surgery and chemotherapy with a history of malignant mediastinal GCT, was admitted to our hospital due to persistent chest pain and severe fatigue. The diagnosis of acute MCL was confirmed by morphology analysis and chemical staining of marrow aspirate and biopsy, with the addition of C-findings including splenomegaly and cytopenia. The atypical MCs phenotypically expressed CD9, but no CD2 and CD25. Next gene sequencing of marrow aspirate identified heterozygous mutations in TP53 P301Qfs*44, FLT3 R973X, SETBP1 N272D, and JAK3 I688F, whereas the mutations in KIT were not found. Although the initial therapy of corticosteroids and dasatinib-based regimen was effective, he died of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first cycle of chemotherapy with cladribine and cytarabine. The survival time of the patient was 2.4 months after the initial presentation of MCL. Conclusion: In this case, MCL preceded by malignant mediastinal GCT has similar clinical symptoms and morphological manifestations but distinctly different genetic profiles in contrast to primary MCL. The characteristic morphology of MCL provides the most pivotal evidence that led our diagnosis in the right direction. A hypothesis was speculated that there is a common embryonal cancer stem cell between primary malignant GCT and secondary de novo MCL, whereas the latter is gradually developed in the context of additional “driver mutations”.