bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Optimum Burden for Blasting of Different Rock Strata in an Indian Iron Ore Mine
Authors: Himanshu Vivek K. , Mishra A. K. , Priyadarshi Vivek , Shankar Ravi , Yadav R. S. , Singh P. K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Burden movement plays very important role in the bench blasting for the effective utilization of the explosive energy. The optimum burden for a blast face varies with the nature of the strata and explosive quantity & quality. There are various experimental and empirical approaches for the estimation of optimum burden. However, there is a need for the site-specific estimation suited with the strata condition for estimation of optimum burden at the blast faces having huge variations in the rock types. Two different approaches have been used in this paper for computation of optimal burden of different rock strata of an Indian iron ore mine. The first approach is based on assessment of rock mass properties and explosive properties for the blast. The assessed properties are put in different empirical equations of Kuz-Ram model. To achieve optimal burden desired fragment size has been computed by back calculation from the empirical model. The second approach is based on the assessment of critical vibration limit for different rock strata. The determination of critical vibration is done using the assessment of rock mass properties. The prediction of distance up to which critical vibration limit will be achieved using the designed charging parameters, gives the optimum burden. The computed burden has been compared for both the approaches, which gives a good correlation with correlation coefficient of 0.78. The experimental blasts of different rock strata were conducted using the computed optimal burden. The blast output with optimal burden and charging parameters have been improved in terms of fragmentation, blast face movement and reduction of back-break.
Hydrocarbon Source Potential of Coal-bearing Tikak-Parbat Formation of Barail Group in a Part of the Belt of Schuppen, India
Authors: Banik Prasun , Phukan Sarat , Das Minati 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Oligocene succession of the Tikak Parbat Formation has prominent coal bearing horizons. The formation comprises of medium to coarse grained light coloured sandstone, clay and carbonaceous shale with four workable coal seams. Core samples from two wells has been studied with regards to organic matter content and type. Relatively high total organic carbon (TOC) contents are present (average 72.103 wt %) in coal; the hydrogen index (HI) values reach a maximum of 410 mg HC/g TOC, indicating presence of type III-II kerogen, and the organic matter is thermally immature (Tmax 428°C) in coal. The genetic potential have maximum yield of 246.53 mg/g, so the coal deposits could act as an excellent source rock for hydrocarbons if the burial depth is sufficient. Carbonaceous shale samples are at early mature stage (T 438°C). Kerogen at this maturity level is within oil window and is capable of generating oil and thermogenic gas upon thermal cracking. The study highlights dense accumulation of reactive macerals (vitrinite + liptinite) and low concentration of inertinite. The empirically derived values for coal reveal a high conversion (&gt;90%) and oil yield (&gt;60%).
A Preliminary Study on Aquifers and its Possible Geometry in Parts of Kashmir Valley, India
Authors: Lone Khurshid Ahmad , Mir Riyaz Ahmad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present study used bore-well litholog data from six locations (Badampora, Telbal, Cheshmashai, Batwara, Karannagar and Bemina) to map the aquifers and its possible geometry in parts of Srinagar and Ganderbal districts, Kashmir valley, India. From the available data, a fence diagram was generated that depicted the occurrence of a 2-32 m thick upper alluvial layer of regional scale underlain by a 2-10 m thick sandy-silt horizon. Underlying this, a regional sandy horizon varying in thickness from 3 m (Telbal and Batwara) to 11 m (Bemina) is present at a depth of 7 m (at Badampora) to 32 m (at Bemina) below the ground level. The sandy stratum is followed by a number of granular horizons comprising alternate coarser sediments with clay as matrix at varying depths. Except the sandy stratum, the other litho-horizons/aquifers indicated heterogeneity and pinching character with a significant variation in nature and geometry from place to place both vertically and horizontally, thereby leading to wide variation in the water availability. Overall, the sub-surface horizons exhibit gradation from coarse detrital sediments (gravel, pebble, boulder and coarse sand) in NE-NW parts to fine sediments (clay, silt, and fine sand) in SE-SW parts of the area. The sandy stratum along with the overlying sandy silt horizon overlain by a regional clay blanket is probably acting as a single aquifer system providing a significant and potential groundwater resource in the area. The water bearing horizons in the upper sub-surface levels exists essentially under unconfined conditions while at deeper sub-surface levels water bearing aquifers exist under confined to semi-confined conditions. The general groundwater movement originates from N-NE upland areas towards S-SW lowland areas, almost replicating the local topography and the general slope of the area. Furthermore, the chemical quality analysis suggested that the groundwater is safe for drinking purposes and suitable for agricultural uses in this area.
Assessment of Water Availability with SWAT Model: A Study on Ganga River
Authors: Bera Suman , Maiti Ramkrishna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Availability of water flow for assessing in transboundary river basin is a crucial issue and is necessary for water sharing and management. As a Transboundary river, Ganga has created water conflict between India and Bangladesh, related to water sharing at Farakka. Under these circumstance, applying hydrological model SWAT, measurement and understanding of water availability is important. This paper examines the spatio-temporal distribution of surface water in the entire Ganga basin to understand the actual causes of water shortage during lean season. Based on DEM, slope, soil, LULC and weather data, the SWAT model has been run at the catchment scale with a good performance under R2 and NSE evaluation methods. The study shows that annually Ganga basin of India is rich in water (average 1216165.5 cumec) and majority of the catchments delivers enough water to the main stream but during lean season only above Ramganga, Ghaghara, Gandak and Yamuna lower are active, which together contributes 60.6% of the lean season water discharge to the main channel of Ganga. Likewise, India, annual discharge in Bangladesh (average 65764 cumec) is satisfactory, but lean season water flow has only 3% of the annual, is very meagre which affects actual water availability of northwestern part of the country. The study also established that actual evapotranspiration of the entire basin is much higher than precipitation during the lean season and indicated a great deviation between supply and demand which concluded water stress condition in the Ganga basin.
Hydrogeochemical Analysis for Groundwater Suitability Appraisal in Sivagangai, an Economically Backward District of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Arumugam Muruganantham , Karthikeyan Sivakumar , Thangaraj Kongeswaran , Kulandaisamy Prabakaran , Sundaram Bangaru Priyanga , Ramasamy Karikalan , Vellaikannu Agastheeswaran , Velmayil Perumal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hydrogeochemical analysis was carried out to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking, domestic, agriculture and industrial purposes in Sivagangai district, which is economically backward district of Tamil Nadu, India. Seventy ground water samples were collected during pre and postmonsoon season in the year 2017 from all over the district and analyzed for hydrogen ion activity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, CO3, HCO3, SO4, total nitrate, and F. All the analytical results are compared with the corresponding guideline values of drinking water standards and the results show that groundwater in most part of the study area is potable except for a few locations in both seasons. The groundwater geochemistry is mostly controlled by rock water interaction and evaporation processes in both seasons as revealed from the Gibbs plot. The irrigation water quality parameters such as SAR, Na% and RSC results show that some of the groundwater samples are fit for agriculture. It is ascertained through hydrogeochemical analysis that the quality of groundwater is appropriate for drinking, domestic use, agriculture as well as industrial purpose and it can be utilized for industrial development to improve the socioeconomic status of the study area.
Evolution of the Drainage System in Yamuna-Sutlej Interfluve - Multi-disciplinary Approach
Authors: Tewari Harsh , Shukla Manoj K. , Chaturvedi Rajesh , Joshi Kaumudi , Bagchi Joyesh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Yamuna–Sutlej interfluve area has been important because of the presence of several palaeochannels that are hypothesized to be linked to Rigvedic river Saraswati that is now lost in time and space. Using satellite data, followed by field studies, the palaeocourse of a major river system in parts of the foothills of Himalaya, piedmont zone and plains of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan has been delineated. The palaeocourse of this major river system originating from south of Ropar, flowing southwards, combined with its tributaries including Ghaggar near Shutrana in Punjab flowed further south-west in parts of India and Pakistan culminating at Kutch. Along the length of interpreted palaeochannel, numerous Indus valley civilization sites are present. The field investigations with systematic sampling for geochronological analysis using thermo luminescence /optically stimulated luminescence (TL/OSL) technique, petro-minerao- sedimentological studies have substantiated the existence of palaeochannels on the ground. Comprehensive remote-sensing investigations backed by geochronological input reveals that Sutlej palaeochannel was the main contributor of perennial water source at around 12±1 ka before shifting its course to present state and the palaeochannels between Yamuna-Sutlej interfluve were its tributaries, the most important being Ghaggar. The Sutlej palaeochannel was active till 12 ka and was receiving Himalayan sediments before the advent of aeolian episodes at around 12 ka and 7.4±0.4 ka. However, sediments from the river bed of the present Ghaggar river near Anupgarh indicates that the palaeochannel was receiving water supply till 5.2 ka having sufficient energy to deposit fine sand.
‘Spatio-market practices’: conceptualising the always spatial dimensions of market making practices
Authors: Holmes Torik , Fernandes Josi , Palo Teea 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSocio-material conceptualisations of markets suggest that they are spatial formations. Yet, the everyday practical and spatial dimensions of market making have received little explicit attention. We thus introduce the concept of spatio-market practices, drawing on key ideas in market studies and spatial theory. We argue that examining spatio-market practices (and thus the spatial dimensions of markets) promises to provide fresh insight regarding what it takes to realise markets, their uneven distribution, and what and whom markets are (and are not) designed to serve. To demonstrate what the concept calls for, supports and promises, we take Humphreys’ (2010) influential paper as a starting point and draw on other secondary sources in order to articulate an alternative and spatially-oriented account of the growth and legitimacy of the American casino gambling market. This paper, in turn, contributes a subtle and yet incisive shift in thinking, which supports a more explicit means of exploring markets as spatial formations.
Development of a simplified gas ultracleaning process: experiments in biomass residue-based fixed-bed gasification syngas
Authors: Frilund Christian , Kurkela Esa , Hiltunen Ilkka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor the realization of small-scale biomass-to-liquid (BTL) processes, low-cost syngas cleaning remains a major obstacle, and for this reason a simplified gas ultracleaning process is being developed. In this study, a low- to medium-temperature final gas cleaning process based on adsorption and organic solvent-free scrubbing methods was coupled to a pilot-scale staged fixed-bed gasification facility including hot filtration and catalytic reforming steps for extended duration gas cleaning tests for the generation of ultraclean syngas. The final gas cleaning process purified syngas from woody and agricultural biomass origin to a degree suitable for catalytic synthesis. The gas contained up to 3000 ppm of ammonia, 1300 ppm of benzene, 200 ppm of hydrogen sulfide, 10 ppm of carbonyl sulfide, and 5 ppm of hydrogen cyanide. Post-run characterization displayed that the accumulation of impurities on the Cu-based deoxygenation catalyst (TOS 105 h) did not occur, demonstrating that effective main impurity removal was achieved in the first two steps: acidic water scrubbing (AWC) and adsorption by activated carbons (AR). In the final test campaign, a comprehensive multipoint gas analysis confirmed that ammonia was fully removed by the scrubbing step, and benzene and H2S were fully removed by the subsequent activated carbon beds. The activated carbons achieved > 90% removal of up to 100 ppm of COS and 5 ppm of HCN in the syngas. These results provide insights into the adsorption affinity of activated carbons in a complex impurity matrix, which would be arduous to replicate in laboratory conditions.
SPARQL Query Generator (SQG)
Authors: Chen Yanji , Kokar Mieczyslaw M. , Moskal Jakub J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper describes a program—SPARQL Query Generator (SQG)—which takes as input an OWL ontology, a set of object descriptions in terms of this ontology and an OWL class as the context, and generates relatively large numbers of queries about various types of descriptions of objects expressed in RDF/OWL. The intent is to use SQG in evaluating data representation and retrieval systems from the perspective of OWL semantics coverage. While there are many benchmarks for assessing the efficiency of data retrieval systems, none of the existing solutions for SPARQL query generation focus on the coverage of the OWL semantics. Some are not scalable since manual work is needed for the generation process; some do not consider (or totally ignore) the OWL semantics in the ontology/instance data or rely on large numbers of real queries/datasets that are not readily available in our domain of interest. Our experimental results show that SQG performs reasonably well with generating large numbers of queries and guarantees a good coverage of OWL axioms included in the generated queries.
ITEXT-BIO: Intelligent Term EXTraction for BIOmedical analysis
Authors: Kafando Rodrique , Decoupes Rémy , Valentin Sarah , Sautot Lucile , Teisseire Maguelonne , Roche Mathieu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHere, we introduce ITEXT-BIO, an intelligent process for biomedical domain terminology extraction from textual documents and subsequent analysis. The proposed methodology consists of two complementary approaches, including free and driven term extraction. The first is based on term extraction with statistical measures, while the second considers morphosyntactic variation rules to extract term variants from the corpus. The combination of two term extraction and analysis strategies is the keystone of ITEXT-BIO. These include combined intra-corpus strategies that enable term extraction and analysis either from a single corpus (intra), or from corpora (inter). We assessed the two approaches, the corpus or corpora to be analysed and the type of statistical measures used. Our experimental findings revealed that the proposed methodology could be used: (1) to efficiently extract representative, discriminant and new terms from a given corpus or corpora, and (2) to provide quantitative and qualitative analyses on these terms regarding the study domain.
Deep learning framework for handling concept drift and class imbalanced complex decision-making on streaming data
Authors: Priya S. , Uthra R. Annie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn present times, data science become popular to support and improve decision-making process. Due to the accessibility of a wide application perspective of data streaming, class imbalance and concept drifting become crucial learning problems. The advent of deep learning (DL) models finds useful for the classification of concept drift in data streaming applications. This paper presents an effective class imbalance with concept drift detection (CIDD) using Adadelta optimizer-based deep neural networks (ADODNN), named CIDD-ADODNN model for the classification of highly imbalanced streaming data. The presented model involves four processes namely preprocessing, class imbalance handling, concept drift detection, and classification. The proposed model uses adaptive synthetic (ADASYN) technique for handling class imbalance data, which utilizes a weighted distribution for diverse minority class examples based on the level of difficulty in learning. Next, a drift detection technique called adaptive sliding window (ADWIN) is employed to detect the existence of the concept drift. Besides, ADODNN model is utilized for the classification processes. For increasing the classifier performance of the DNN model, ADO-based hyperparameter tuning process takes place to determine the optimal parameters of the DNN model. The performance of the presented model is evaluated using three streaming datasets namely intrusion detection (NSL KDDCup) dataset, Spam dataset, and Chess dataset. A detailed comparative results analysis takes place and the simulation results verified the superior performance of the presented model by obtaining a maximum accuracy of 0.9592, 0.9320, and 0.7646 on the applied KDDCup, Spam, and Chess dataset, respectively.
Machine-learning and HEC-RAS integrated models for flood inundation mapping in Baro River Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Tamiru Habtamu , Wagari Meseret 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study presents an integrated machine-learning and HEC-RAS models for flood inundation mapping in Baro River Basin, Ethiopia. ANN and HEC-RAS models were integrated as a predictive hydrological and hydraulic model to generate runoff and the extent of flood, respectively. Daily rainfall and temperature data of 7-years (1999–2005), daily discharge (1999–2005) and 30 m × 30 m gridded Topographical Wetness Index (TWI) were used to train a predictive ANN hydrological model in RStudio. The predictive performance of the developed ANN hydrological model was evaluated in RStudio using Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) values of 0.86 and 0.88 during the training period (1999–2005) and testing period (2006–2008), respectively, with the corresponding observed daily discharge. The validated ANN predictive hydrological model was linked with HEC-RAS to generate the flood extent along the river course. The HEC-RAS model result was calibrated and validated using the water body delineated using Normal Difference Water Index (NDWI) from LANDSAT 8 imagery based on historical flood events of 2005 and 2008. It was found that about 96% of an agreement was made between the flood-prone areas generated in HEC-RAS and the water body delineated using NDWI. Therefore, it is logical to conclude that the integration of a machine-learning approach with the HEC-RAS model has improved the spatiotemporal uncertainties in traditional flood forecasting methods. This integrated model is powerful tool for flood inundation mapping to warn residents of this basin.
Pig vaccination strategies based on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli toxins
Authors: Dubreuil J. Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) are responsible for diarrhea in humans as well as in farm animals. ETEC infections in newborn, suckling, and especially in post-weaning piglets are associated with reduced growth rate, morbidity, and mortality. ETEC express virulence factors as adhesin and enterotoxins that play a central role in the pathogenic process. Adhesins associated with pigs are of diverse type being either fimbrial or non-fimbrial. Enterotoxins belong to two groups: heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST). Heterogeneity of ETEC strains encompass expression of various fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F18, and F41) and enterotoxins (LT, STa, STb, and EAST1). In the late years, attempts to immunize animals against neonatal and post-weaning diarrhea were focused on the development of anti-adhesin strategies as this is the initial step of ETEC pathogenesis. Although those vaccines demonstrated some protection against ETEC infections, as enterotoxins are pivotal to the virulence of ETEC, a new generation of vaccinal molecules, which include adhesin and one or more enterotoxins, were recently tested. Some of these newly developed chimeric fusion proteins are intended to control as well human diarrhea as enterotoxins are more or less common with the ones found in pigs. As these could not be tested in the natural host (human), either a mouse or pig model was substituted to evaluate the protection efficacy. For the advancement of pig vaccine, mice were sometimes used for preliminary testing. This review summarizes advances in the anti-enterotoxin immunization strategies considered in the last 10 years.
scLink: Inferring Sparse Gene Co-Expression Networks from Single-Cell Expression Data
Authors: Li Wei Vivian , Li Yanzeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A system-level understanding of the regulation and coordination mechanisms of gene expression is essential for studying the complexity of biological processes in health and disease. With the rapid development of single-cell RNA sequencing technologies, it is now possible to investigate gene interactions in a cell type-specific manner. Here we propose the scLink method, which uses statistical network modeling to understand the co-expression relationships among genes and construct sparse gene co-expression networks from single-cell gene expression data. We use both simulation and real data studies to demonstrate the advantages of scLink and its ability to improve single-cell gene network analysis. The scLink R package is available at https://github.com/Vivianstats/scLink.