bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Determinants of Infant Mortality Rate in Asean: A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Sari Vita Kartika , Prasetyani Dwi 
Published: August 2021

The infant mortality rate indicates the health status of a country. Previous studies have proven that socioeconomic factors have a significant influence on infant mortality rates in both developed and developing countries. Further studies on infant mortality rates are useful for public service strategic policy in the health sector. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the socioeconomic factors influencing infant mortality rates in ASEAN based on panel data estimates for 2000-2017. The dependent variable for this study was infant mortality rate, while the independent variables were health expenditure, female labor force, maternal fertility rate, and GDP per capita. The authors concluded that the main cause of infant mortality in ASEAN is care during delivery. Other influencing factors include family health status, maternal education level, and socio-economic inequality. This study found that the size of the female workforce has a strong influence on increasing the infant mortality rate in ASEAN. The fertility rate also had a strong influence on increasing infant mortality rate in ASEAN, while GDP per capita had a negative influence on infant mortality rate. Health expenditure is proven to have no effect on the increase of infant mortality rates in ASEAN.
Therapeutic aspects of melatonin applications
Authors: Tsenteradze S. L. , Poluektov M. G. 
Published: August 2021

The results of multicenter clinical trials show the broad potential of melatonin since discovery of this adaptogen to the present day. Melatonin is a neuropeptide that is synthesized mainly in the small brain gland, the pineal gland, and has a unique effect in humans and animals. Using melatonin, the pineal gland participates in the organization of circadian periodism and regulation of cyclic processes, acting as an intermediary between the pacemaker mechanism of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and peripheral organs. The pineal gland and the SCN of the hypothalamus form part of the system of the so-called biological clock of the body, which plays a key role in the mechanisms of regulation of the biological clock via circadian rhythms and ageing. Initially, melatonin was only considered a hormone involved in the synchronization of the mechanisms of the circadian rhythm, but later it was found that, in addition to this hormonal function, it takes part in the regulation of the seasonal cycle in animals and humans.At present, melatonin drugs have shown high efficacy and safety in various sleep-wake disorders regardless of their genesis, disorganization of circadian rhythms, stress adjustment disorders, rapid change of time zones, shift work and in complex therapy of patients with cerebrovascular diseases.The article considers the multimodal capabilities of melatonin, including adaptogenic, biorhythmogenic, hypnotic, immunostimu-lating, antioxidant effects. The role of melatonin in the treatment of various central nervous system disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, has been determined.The review emphasizes the wide-ranging effects of melatonin and offers great opportunities for measuring melatonin as a biomarker for early detection and follow-up of various diseases.
Left ventricular myocardial strain and electrocardiographic changes in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chernykh N. Yu. , Tarasova A. A. , Groznova O. S. , Shigabeev I. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract Introduction. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is one of the most common diseases of the myocardium in children. Meanwhile, the relationship between indicators of strain and electrocardiographic changes, their diagnostic significance for children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy remains an insufficiently well-studied issue.Purpose.Тo analyze the relationship between indicators of strain of the left ventricular and ECG in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).Materials and methods. Have been examined 61 patients with an asymmetric form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy aged from 7 to 17 years. Of these, 45 (73.8%) children with nonobstructive form, 16 (26.2%) children with obstructive form. Electrocardiography (ECG) and 24-hour Holter monitoring ECG had performed. The parameters of global longitudinal, radial and circular of the left ventricular myocardial strain and their rates had determined by echocardiography in the 2D speckle tracking modeResults. In children with HCM, ECG signs of hypertrophy were studied (deviation of the electrical axis to the left, the predominance of the R wave in lead I, V6 over the S wave, the predominance of the S wave in lead V1 over the R wave) and myocardial ischemia (inversion of the T wave and a decrease in the ST segment in the leads I, II, V5, V6), rhythm and conduction disorders (ventricular extrasystole, degree I atrioventricular block, expansion of the QRS complex in leads V1-V3, incomplete blockade of the anterior left branch of the His bundle, increased duration of terminal activation), which significantly prevailed in obstructive form versus non-obstructive form. A decrease in the global longitudinal, radial, circular strain of the left ventricular myocardium and their rates had found, which had significantly more pronounced in the group with obstructive HCM. Inverse correlations had found between the parameters of strain and ECG-signs of hypertrophy and myocardial ischemia, conduction disorders, more pronounced between the parameters of longitudinal strain and ECG with a significant predominance in the obstructive form of the disease.Conclusions. In children with obstructive HCM, compared with the non-obstructive form, there have significantly more pronounced signs of myocardial hypertrophy and ischemia, rhythm and conduction disorders on the ECG and with 24-hour Holter monitoring ECG.
Interferoncontaining drugs: clinical, pharmacological, and immunological points of their use for respiratory diseases treatment
Authors: Salmasi J. M. , Kazimirskii A. N. , Kukes I. V. , Poryadin G. V. , Pozdnyakov D. I. 
Published: August 2021

Nowadays pharmacological group classified by the ATX L03AX code as immunostimulants is demand among doctors of various specialties. The main area of application of such drugs is infectious respiratory viral processes, which are associated not only with the pathogenetic action of viruses, but also with a high risk of bacterial complications. Thus, the practitioner is faced with the task of preventing such complications and choosing an immunomodulatory drug with the most pronounced pharmacodynamic properties in this regard. In Russia, there are many drugs belonging to the group of immunomodulators with different mechanisms of action and end pharmacological and immunological points of application. The emphasis of the mechanisms of action of such drugs is made on the effect on the systems of both innate and adaptive immunity. At the same time, the severity of the effect on both one and the other immune system in drugs that is strong enough may differ, which requires special attention from the doctor when choosing a drug in a particular situation. A special place in the group of immunomodulatory drugs used for infectious respiratory diseases is occupied by interferoncontaining drugs that contain interferon alfa-2b (IFN-a2b). In addition, there are combination of IFN-a2b with an immunoglobulin complex, which increases the effectiveness of this drug in the treatment of various infectious and inflammatory diseases. The article describes the theoretical and practical aspects of administration this combined drug in pediatric practice and presents own experimental studies.
Measuring the water balance in stormwater control measures
Authors: Fletcher Tim D. , Bertrand-Krajewski Jean-Luc , Bonneau Jérémie , Burns Matthew J. , Poelsma Peter J. , Thom Jasmine K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Stormwater control measures (SCMs), also frequently referred to as sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS), are of growing importance in cities, as part of a global move towards mitigating the impacts of stormwater on receiving environments. They need to be monitored as parts of UDSM systems but require specific and sometimes innovative methods and sensors. This is particularly the case for SCMs such as swales, rain-gardens, bioretention filters, infiltration trenches, green roofs, etc., which have complex and varied configurations and hydrologic behaviour. This chapter deals with measuring the water balance in SCMs by accounting for its various components: inflows, outflows, overflows, storage, infiltration, exfiltration, intrusion, evaporation, and evapotranspiration. It presents a range of suitable methods and tools, indicates key points to consider, and discusses possible difficulties in obtaining accurate monitoring data. Routine monitoring of decentralized and diversified SCMs is still an emerging field for both researchers and practitioners. A significant evolution is therefore expected with its generalization in the next years.
Data communication and storage
Authors: Branger Flora , Tait Simon , Chaffard Véronique , Brelot Elodie , Lecomte Vivien , Mallet Isabelle , Skipworth Peter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Monitoring programs in urban drainage systems generate, potentially, a huge amount of data from sources distributed in the urban environment, working at relatively high sampling rates for extended periods of time. Collecting data using adaptable and reliable communication systems is the first challenge. Then structuring the collected data is a first requisite for effectively managing the quality and accessibility of the data. In adjacent fields of research, the topic of managing huge collections of data has resulted in several (open) standards and protocols for database structure, transfer and storage to ensure unambiguous definitions on which parties can build their workflows/software. This chapter describes relevant approaches for urban drainage and stormwater management systems, and appropriate standards along with examples from case studies.
Data validation and data quality assessment
Authors: Clemens-Meyer Francois H. L. R. , Lepot Mathieu , Blumensaat Frank , Leutnant Dominik , Gruber Guenter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Once data have been recorded, data validation procedures have to be conducted to assess the quality of the data, i.e. give a confidence grade. Furthermore, gaps may occur in time series and, depending on the purposes, these can be given values by application of e.g. interpolation. Since both aspects are strongly correlated, this chapter gives an overview on the main data validation and data curation/imputation methods. Instead of offering exhaustive details on existing methods, this chapter aims at providing concepts for most popular techniques, a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages in the light of different cases of application, and some thoughts on potential impacts of the choices that must be made. Despite involving mathematical methods, data validation remains a largely subjective process: every data user must be aware of those subjectivities.
Data archiving and meta-data – saving the data for future use
Authors: Prodanović Dušan , Branisavljević Nemanja 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter covers the main aspects of data archiving, as the last phase of data handling in the process of urban drainage and stormwater management metrology. Data archiving is the process of preparing and storing the data for future use, usually not executed by the personnel who acquired the data. A data archive (also known as a data repository) can be defined as storage of a selected subset of raw, processed, validated and resampled data, with descriptions and other meta-data, linked to simulation results, if there are any. A data archive should be equipped with tools for search and data extraction along with procedures for data management, in order to maintain the database quality for an extended period of time. It is recommended, mostly for security reasons, to separate (both in a physical and in a digital sense) the archive database from the working database. This chapter provides the reader with relevant information about the most important issues related to data archive design, the archiving process and data characteristics regarding archiving. Also, the importance of good and comprehensive meta-data is underlined throughout the chapter. The management of a data archive is evaluated with a special focus on predicting future resources needed to keep the archive updated, secure, available, and in compliance with legal demands and limitations. At the end, a set of recommendations for creating and maintaining a data archive in the scope of urban drainage is given.
Fungi in dialysis water and dialysate: occurrence, susceptibility to antifungal agents and biofilm production capacity
Authors: Anversa Laís , Lara Bruna Rossini , Romani Caroline Demai , Saeki Erika Kushikawa , Nogueira Nascentes Gabriel Antonio , Bonfietti Lucas Xavier , Melhem Márcia de Souza Carvalho , da Silva Ruiz Luciana , Camargo Carlos Henrique , Pereira Virgínia Bodelão Richini 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of fungi in dialysis water and dialysate, in addition to evaluating the susceptibility to antifungals and the biofilm production capacity of isolated microorganisms. The samples were collected in three hemodialysis units in Bauru (Brazil), every 15 days (July 2017–June 2018) at post-reverse osmosis, reuse, and dialysate points. The fungi were isolated by spread plate on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Filamentous fungi were phenotypically identified and yeasts were subjected to molecular evaluation of the ITS region. Susceptibility test to antifungals was carried out by the broth microdilution method and biofilm production capacity was evaluated in microtiter plates using crystal violet staining. Fungi were isolated in 52/216 (24.1%) samples, with an average count of 16.3 (10–40) CFU/mL. Overall, 61 microorganisms were identified, with 54 (88.5%) filamentous fungi and 7 (11.5%) yeasts. The main genera included were Penicillium, Cladosporium, Scedosporium, Rhinocladiella, Fusarium, and Emmonsia. Most isolates showed high values of minimum inhibitory concentration for 5-flucytosine and fluconazole and 35/45 (77.8%) isolates were classified as strong producers of biofilm. In order to increase the safety of the dialysis process, the adoption of control measures and monitoring of fungi in hemodialysis fluids is suggested.
LPS/TLR4 Pathways in Breast Cancer: Insights into Cell Signalling
Authors: Afroz Rizwana , Tanvir E.M. , Tania Mousumi , Fu Junjiang , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Khan Md. Asaduzzaman 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Cancer cells are usually recognized as foreign particles by the
immune cells. Mounting evidence suggest an important link between toll-like receptors
(TLRs) and carcinogenesis. This review article focused on the role of TLRs, especially
TLR4, in breast cancer.

Methods:
Research data on TLRs and cancer was explored in PubMed, Scopus, Google
Scholar and reviewed. Although some pioneer works are referenced, papers published in
the last ten years were mostly cited.

Results:
TLRs are widely investigated pattern recognition receptors (PRR), and TLR4 is
the most studied TLRs, implicated with the occurrence of several types of cancers, including
breast cancer. TLR4 activation occurs via the binding of its ligand lipopolysaccharide
(LPS), a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Upon LPS binding,
TLR4 dimerizes and recruits downstream signalling and/or adapter molecules, leading
to gene expression related to cancer cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis.
Although LPS/TLR4 signalling seems a single signal transduction pathway, the TLR4
activation results in the activation of multiple diverse intracellular networks with
huge cellular responses in both immune and cancer cells. The role of TLR4 in the
growth, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer is attracting huge attention in oncology
research. Several clinical and preclinical studies utilize both TLR4 agonists and antagonists
as a treatment option for cancer therapy, either as monotherapy or adjuvants for
vaccine development.

Conclusion:
This review narrates the role of LPS/TLR4 signalling in breast cancer development
and future prospects for targeting LPS/TLR4 axis in the treatment of breast cancer.
Functional Group Transformation in Naphthoquinones: Strategies for the Synthesis of Mono- and Bis(Amino-1,4-Naphthoquinones)
Authors: Lima Carolina G. S. , de Souza Acácio S. , Pauli Fernanda P. , Ribeiro Ruan Carlos B. , de A. Borges Amanda , Ferreira Patricia G. , de C. da Silva Fernando , Ferreira Vitor F. , da S. M. Forezi Luana 
Published: August 2021

:
1,4-Naphthoquinones are a group of natural and synthetic substances that participate
in various biochemical functions in most plants and animals, being involved in energy
production, electron transport, blood coagulation, and generation of reactive oxygen species
(ROS), among others. The performance of such biochemical functions is directly related to the
functional groups linked to the 1,4-naphthoquinone scaffold, and the introduction of nitrogencontaining
groups into this nucleus may amplify its biological activity against numerous targets.
Therefore, several methods have been developed in the last decades for preparing these
compounds, especially from 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives. Considering these concepts, in
this review, we aim to provide insights into the chemistry, chemical synthesis, semi-synthesis,
pharmacological effects, and reactivity of low molecular weight mono- and bis(aminonaphthoquinones);
we start by discussing the use of some of the most important 1,4-naphthoquinones as starting materials
for the synthesis of amino-1,4-naphthoquinones (ANQs), examine the modification of ANQ derivatives, and conclude
by providing an outlook on this field.
Numerical Characterization of DNA Sequences for Alignment-free
Sequence Comparison – A Review
Authors: Ramanathan Natarajan , Ramamurthy Jayalakshmi , Natarajan Ganapathy 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Biological macromolecules, namely, DNA, RNA, and protein, have their
building blocks organized in a particular sequence and the sequential arrangement encodes the
evolutionary history of the organism (species). Hence, biological sequences have been used for
studying evolutionary relationships among the species. This is usually carried out by Multiple
Sequence Algorithms (MSA). Due to certain limitations of MSA, alignment-free sequence
comparison methods were developed. The present review is on alignment-free sequence
comparison methods carried out using the numerical characterization of DNA sequences.

Discussion:
The graphical representation of DNA sequences by chaos game representation and
other 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional methods are discussed. The evolution of numerical
characterization from the various graphical representations and the application of the DNA
invariants thus computed in phylogenetic analysis are presented. The extension of computing
molecular descriptors in chemometrics to the calculation of a new set of DNA invariants and their
use in alignment-free sequence comparison in an N-dimensional space and construction of
phylogenetic trees are also reviewed.

Conclusion:
The phylogenetic tress constructed by the alignment-free sequence comparison methods
using DNA invariants were found to be better than those constructed using alignment-based tools
such as PHLYIP and ClustalW. One of the graphical representation methods is now extended to study
viral sequences of infectious diseases for the identification of conserved regions to design peptidebased
vaccines by combining numerical characterization and graphical representation.
Taxonomy Classification using Genomic Footprint of Mitochondrial
Sequences
Authors: Mahapatra Aritra , Mukherjee Jayanta 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Advancement in sequencing technology yields a huge number of genomes
from a multitude of organisms on our planet. One of the fundamental tasks for processing and
analyzing these sequences is to organize them in the existing taxonomic orders.

Method:
Recently, we proposed a novel approach, GenFooT, for taxonomy classification using
the concept of genomic footprint (GFP). The technique is further refined and enhanced in this work
leading to improved accuracies in the task of taxonomic classification based on various benchmark
datasets. GenFooT maps a genome sequence in a 2D coordinate space and extracts features from
that representation. It uses two hyper-parameters, namely block size and number of fragments of
genomic sequence while computing the feature. In this work, we propose an analysis of choosing
values of those parameters adaptively from the sequences. The enhanced version of GenFooT is
named GenFooT2.

Results and Conclusion:
We have tested GenFooT2 on ten different biological datasets of
genomic sequences of various organisms belonging to different taxonomy ranks. Our experimental
results indicate a 3% improved classification performance of the proposed GenFooT2 featured with
a Logistic regression classifier as compared to GenFooT. We also performed the statistical test to
compare the performance of GenFooT2 to the state-of-the-art methods including our previous
method, GenFooT. The experimental results as well as the statistical test exhibit that the
performance of the proposed GenFooT2 is significantly better.
A Bird's-Eye View of Proteomics
Authors: Uversky Vladimir N. , Alghamdi Mohammed F. , Redwan Elrashdy M. 
Published: August 2021

:
Modern protein science is broadening horizons by moving toward the systemic description
of proteins in their natural habitats. This implies a transition from a classical reductionist approach
associated with consideration of the unique structure and specific biological activity of an
individual protein in a purified form to studying entire proteomes and their functions. This minireview
provides a brief description of structural, functional, and expression proteomics, the dark
proteome (or unfoldome), and some of the tools utilized in the analyses of proteomes.