bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replacement of differential variables in the expression of differential shapes and partial derivative
Authors: Mhawes Taif Najm , flayeh Fatima Hasan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Methods of differentiating functions defined parametrically, complex functions can be used to replace variables in differential expressions to solve differential equations. In this clause, and implicitly given a function of one of the main X ways, we will consider only the computational aspect of the replacement of variables, without affecting the problems of theoretical justification of the operations.
Determine the variance of Maxwell distribution by using MLE and MOM estimators (theory study)
Authors: Algashamy Hussein Ali A. , Kaml A. P. Ghufran I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Maxwell distribution is a probability distribution that uses many applications in the physics, chemistry and statistical dynamics. In this paper we will review the relationship between estimators (MLE &MOM) and variance of Maxwell distribution by some theoretical steps to get the mathematical formula contains the variance and all estimators in study then use this formula for determine the variance and its behavior.
Soft Generalized αi-Closed Sets in Soft Topological Spaces
Authors: Askandar Sabih W. , Mohammed Amir A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present paper, we introduced a new kind of soft generalized closed sets and soft generalized open sets are called soft generalized αi-closed sets and soft generalized αi-open sets. The relations among these two families and some other kinds of soft sets as like as soft generalized closed, soft generalized i-closed, soft generalized α-closed and soft semi-generalized closed sets are investigated and clarify by proofs and evidences.
Composition a Continuous Probability Distribution Resulting from Mixing Two Probability Distributions
Authors: Hashim Hassaneen Abd Aljabar , Al-Khafaji Kareema Abed Al-kadim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, which includes three parameters of the new model resulting from the Topp-Leone Generated distribution mixture with the exponential distribution which we denoted by the symbol TLG-E distribution, finding a new probability density function and achieving its mathematical properties, as well as finding the moment, general moment, reliability and hazard functions, thereafter we clarify estimation by using maximum likelihood method as well as testing the fitting with some known distributions. In addition, we state the of statistical parameters like: scale and location.
Integration Satellite Imagery with Fuzzy Logic for Potential Change Detection in Land Use/Land Cover
Authors: AL-Juboury Intehaa Abdullah Mohammad , Al-Rubaye Safa Ahmed Jabbar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Considered survey systems for monitoring the earth’s surface of the techniques basic and developed for all countries because of their great importance in collecting and providing data and information required as engineering science and research applications can be an important database for many of the establishments. Remote sensing and fuzzy logic are employed to design systems for the survey, monitoring, and changes detect that have occurred in the study area in 2020. The studied area is in Baghdad and its extensions, with an area equivalent to approximately 2776.7628 km2. This paper consists of two parts; the first part when the remote sensing classified the study area in unsupervised methods to detect the ratios of components the land use and land cover via divide it into four parameters (vegetation, urban, empty area, and water). As for the second part of the study, the change’s detection results are the inputs of the fuzzy logic system. The four inputs were processed using hypothetical probabilities of the FL system. The results were reasonable and could be considered useful for predicting the future of the four parameters (vegetation, urban, empty area, and water) of the study area in the coming years.
IoT Management Solution: A Case Study of Fill Level Monitoring for Gravel Silos
Authors: Al-Kadhim Saif Aldeen Saad Obayes , Al-Saedi Ibtesam R. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to make ubiquitous system, technologist uses different type of equipment in perception layer, for the environment sensing and sensory data processing. This equipment’s are sensors, data processing and sending devices. Sensors sense the environment and create the data accordingly. Sensor generated data need to be processed with some processing device and can be send over the network. This research paper introduced the basic application based on IoT. The application includes Ultrasonic distance sensor and NodeMCU for obtaining the fill level of the gravel silos. We are publishing our data over the web using Zerynth studio portal and showing the analysis graph of application near real time using the Internet of Things (IoT) concept. Paper also describes server configuration on the NodeMCU and real-time response to web browser over the WLAN.
Community Detection in Facebook Using Visual Approach and Clustering
Authors: Seyala Bara’a Talaat Ahmed , Alanezi Mafaz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The previous decade has seen the growth of interest with networks and participatory social media that have brought users jointly in many originative ways. Many users play, categorize, work and socialize online, showing new forms of cooperation, communication, and cleverness that were hard to imagine just a while ago. Social media refers to the interaction between people who create, share information and ideas in communities and virtual networks. Social media also helps reform business models, influence views and sentiments, and opens many possibilities for studying human interaction and mass conduct on an unprecedented level.
This research employs visual representation of data and cluster algorithms for discovering patterns in the Facebook network to learn some of the behaviors practiced by community members.
The results can be used to find out users directions to suggest appropriate advertisements for it, and cluster algorithms can be used to collect suspicious and inappropriate communication pages to take the necessary measures to prevent them from appearing to sensitive groups in the community, and the results can also be used to direct Facebook users, especially young groups, to organize their times and control the times they spend on social media.
Two Feature Selection Methods Comparison Chi-square and Relief-F for Facial Expression Recognition
Authors: Mahmood Mayyadah R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Feature selection metho represents one of the main keys that has direct influence on classification accuracy. During the last two decades, researchers have given a lot of attention in feature selection approaches due to their importance. This paper provides a comparative approach between the two feature selection methods: Chi-Square and Relief-F. The two methods rank the features according to their score. The first highest six emotion features from the both methods are selected. The six features are used to compare the accuracy ratio among the four classifiers: Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest, Decision Tree, and Radial Base Function. These classifiers are used for the mission of expression recognition and to compare their proportional performance. The ultimate aim of the provided approach is to use minimum number of features from the both methods in order to distinguish the performance accuracy of the four classifiers. The provided approach has been applied on CK+ facial expression recognition dataset. The result of the experiment illustrates that K-Nearest Neighbor is the most accurate classifier on the both feature selection methods according to the employed dataset. The K-Nearest Neighbor accuracy average rate for Chi-square is 94.18% and for Relief-F is 94.93%.
The Modernization of Current Methods and Technologies for Risk Assessment, Modeling and Forecasting
Authors: Novikova Olga , Shamileva Larisa , Vicen Vlastimil , Bukoros Tetiana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Theoretical and scientific-methodical approaches to the definition and quantitative risk assessment were systematized. The main advantages and disadvantages of using mathematical and statistical methods of modeling and risk forecasting were analyzed. The advantages of using recursive models of Path-analysis were justified and the results of their approbation for estimation and forecasting of social risks of labor sphere according to the inertial scenario of development of national economy are introduced. The influence of digital transformations on the formation of risks was determined. The concept of the European System of Social Indicators (ESSI) was taken into account in the development of a methodology for identification of indices of the socio-economic vulnerability of the entire population and the employed one. The peculiarities of indirect assessment of the manifestation of social risks were disclosed.
RETRACTED: Tracking Software in the Automotive Field: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Raheem Ahmed Ibraheem , Rashid Yaseen Hameed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the automotive domain, the development concerning entire safety-critical systems after comport including safety requirements such so ISO 26262. These requirements require mounted traceability, the potential to tell artifacts built throughout development of a system, according to confirm resulting structures are well-tested then therefore safe. This paper contrasts average traceability challenges or solutions including these unique in conformity with the car domain, and investigates how he obvious into practice. We mix three records sources: a tertiary writing criticism in accordance with identify normal challenges then solutions; a suit study with an automotive supplier so validation for what the challenges then solutions are skilled among practice; then a multi-vocal composition stricture to identify challenges or options particular according to the automotive domain. We observed 22 challenges or sixteen special options among the reviews. 17 challenges were identified within the suit study; six continue to be unsolved. We talk about challenges then options out of the perspectives on academia, tool vendors, consultants and users, and discover differences among scientific or “grey” literature. We talk about why challenges continue to be unsolved then endorse solutions. Our findings point out as at that place is a great overlap among average traceability challenges yet these of the automotive area however to that amount she are skilled differently.
On some Generalized rare regular Closed sets in topological spaces
Authors: Aziz Nabila I. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research introduces a new type of sets are said to be a generalized* rare regular Closed set, rare regular generalized*-closed set, generalized** rare regular-closed set and rare regular generalized**-closed set in topological spaces. Some properties and related theorems associated with this new sets is proved in topological spaces.
Interval-valued Fuzzy SA-ideals with Degree (λ,κ) of SA-algebra
Authors: Hameed Areej Tawfeeq , Raheem Narjis Jalil 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the notion of interval-valued fuzzy SA-ideals (briefly i-v fuzzy SA-ideal) in SA-algebras is introduced. Several theorems are stated and proved. The image and inverse image of i-v fuzzy SA-ideals are defined and how the homomorphic images and inverse images of i-v fuzzy SA-ideals become i-v fuzzy SA-ideals in SA-algebras is studied as well.
High-ranking Thinking and its Relationship to Engineering Thinking Among Second-grade Intermediate Students
Authors: Shuker Sundus Noori 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The research aims to answer the following question: Is there a relationship between high-order thinking and its relation to the engineering thinking of second graders? To achieve the aim of this research, the researcher built a high-order thinking scale and an engineering thinking scale. The two scales were applied to a sample of second-grade students who were randomly selected (400) students. The Spearman-Brown equation, the T-test for one sample, the T-test for two independent samples, and the K-square. The research has reached the following results:Second grade students enjoy high level of thinking. The second-grade students enjoy engineering thinking There is a direct relationship between high-order thinking and geometric thinking, the more high-order thinking increases the geometric thinking.
Examine Some Estimates Simulated of Linear Regression model based on Confidence Intervals Simulated
Authors: Haddaw Adel Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We are interested in examine some estimates simulated (biases and variances) by confidence intervals simulated of simple linear regression model. Confidence intervals simulated for extreme value and normal distributions of the values of biases and variances simulated of regression linear model are proposed and evaluated. The mean finding that biases, variance simulated for extreme and normal distributions using confidence intervals simulated are considered and satisfied.
Deep Learning for Control of Digital Systems
Authors: Maki Ghadeer I. , Hussain Zahir M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Classically industrial systems apply a number of techniques to control their components, including the control system, which modify the relationship between input and output signals to configure the system to provide the required response. In most practical systems these signals are continuous, hence it is important to convert them into digital signals to be processed by digital systems. Despite the great development in technology, given the importance of the control system in relation to dynamic systems to achieve optimal performance, but classical control suffers from some important problems. The complexity of the control system represented by the program implementation algorithms and the loss of most information during the process of converting the system to digital and not adapting to external variables or with new updates. In this research classical control is replaced by deep neural networks, which is a thriving field with practical and medical applications and is characterized by its ability to learn and train as it is a branch of machine learning and artificial intelligence. The results proved that the functioning of the neural networks and their performance is similar to classical control systems, with the advantage of simplicity and adaptability.
Performance of FFT-OFDM versus DWT-OFDM under Compressive Sensing
Authors: Al-Shably Zainab Hdeib , Hussain Zahir M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, we present a comparative study on the performance of Fourier-based OFDM (FFT-OFDM) and wavelet-based OFDM (DWT-OFDM) under compressive sensing (CS). Transmission over FFT-OFDM and DWT-OFDM, which has been made under different baseband modulation schemes such as Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Key (QPSK), Quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) and (64QAM) has been considered. From numerical simulation results, it is observed that the Wavelet-based OFDM system outperforms Fourier based OFDM when the Quadrature Amplitude Modulation is 16QAM and 64QAM within the signal to noise ratios range 30 to 40 dB. Although CS is more efficient in compression than classical compression techniques, it introduces more errors over OFDM transmission. Future directions of this work are also suggested.
Big Data Management Using Hadoop
Authors: khalil Majida yaseen , Hamad Murtadha M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Today, one of the key issues is the design of systems and software to deal with the storage, management and processing of large amounts of data as a result of the exponential rise in data. In unstructured forms, these data are found. Due to the large and complex data sizes, data management with traditional approaches is unacceptable. Hadoop is an appropriate solution for the continuous growth of data sizes. We have suggested in this paper techniques and algorithms dealing with big data including data collection, preprocessing of data. The Fragmentation algorithm will take the function of a distributed implementation of the traditional file system time-sharing model, where various users share files and storage resources. Also, in this research we used a framework to improve the performance of a query and reduce the response time called the HADOOP. The Apache Hadoop project for safe, scalable and distributed computing. The results showed that Hadoop is the best way to deal with big data during calculating the rate of response time of a complex query for example at (00:00:01) per second and comparing it with the response time of the same queries on the fragmentation algorithm at (00: 01:11) per second and the standard database at (00:05:13) per second. We concluded that Total time Access for complex queries in distributed processing is faster than in non-distributed processing.
Some New Results of Differential Subordinations for HigherOrder Derivatives of Multivalent Functions
Authors: Al-Ameedee Sarah A. , Atshan Waggas Galib , Al-Maamori Faez Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to study the differential subordination result for multivalent analytic functions. We give some applications of higher-order differential subordination results involving Hadamard product for multivalent analytic functions with generalized hypergeometric function in open unit disk. We have also discussed and studied a new class of higher-order derivatives of multivalent analytic functions in open unit disk of complex plane related to linear operator and we obtain some results connected inclusion relationship, argument estimate, integral representation and subordination property. by using the method of differential subordination we aim to prove some classical results in multivalent functions theory. We obtain some interesting properties of this class and establish several strong differential subordination for higher-order derivatives of multivalent analytic functions. By making use of the principle of subordination, we introduce a new class W_(p, q)^(l, k) (η,α_1, m; h) for higher-order derivatives of multivalent analytic functions associated with Dziok-Srivastava operator. We obtain some result for this class.
An Analytical View for The Combination between The Soft Topological Spaces and Fuzzy Topological Spaces
Authors: Razzaq Audia Sabri Abd Al , Swidi Luay Abd Al Haine Al 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An analytical study for the combination of the soft topological spaces and fuzzy topological spaces is presented with the reformulation of some definitions and using the new soft fuzzy points which presented in [30] to introduce new definition of separation axioms. Also base, subbase for these spaces and soft fuzzy compact space with theorems and illustrative examples.
Improving Approach to Conditions’ Statistical Assessment for Ukraine Banking Sector Competitive Development Under the Foreign Banks Presence in the Financial Market
Authors: Diatlova Yuliia , Kuznetsova Ludmila , Dielini Maryna , Tkachenko Olena , Onyshchenko Yulia , Nyanchuk Natalya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is substantiated that most of the existing methods and models for assessing the development of the banking sector of the economy do not take into account the competitive conditions for banks of different groups – with national capital and foreign banking groups. This determines the relevance of the study to improve the methodical approach to statistical assessment of competitive conditions in the development of the banking sector in the presence of foreign banks in the financial market.
The scientific work proposes to assess the competitive conditions in the banking sector, in particular those created for domestic banks under the influence of foreign presence, by the level of the coefficient of competitive internalization. Eight gradations of the coefficient level were established by the expert method.
Due to the use of mathematical calculation method and official statistics, it was found that the level of competitive internalization in the banking sector of Ukraine over the past decade is mostly dangerous, with a tendency to deteriorate. The coefficients of competitive internalization for the banking sectors of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the European Union have been calculated. It is determined that the level of influence of foreign banks in the banking sector of Ukraine can be compared with the conditions of competitive development of national banks of Moldova and Slovenia. The use of competitive internalization coefficient in practice as a statistical data will create a basis for determining the direction of integration processes. We are convinced that the integration of Ukrainian banks into the banking sector of Moldova or Slovenia is possible.
Simulative analysis of 32x40 DWDM systems for return to zero modulation schemes using variation in channel spacing
Authors: Dhadhal Dharmendra , Thummar Ruturaj , Mishra Dr Vivekanand 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) is an optical fiber transmission framework that utilizes firmly dispersed light frequencies and transmits many data at the same time. This gives a practical technique to expand the limit of the existing system. The goal of the existing Fiber multi-channel communication system is demonstrating the concept of DWDM communication system cover up more and more data to send and receive a whole long stretch communication framework. In this analysis, we using OptiSystem simulation software for 32 x 40 GB/s DWDM communication fiber length 50 km Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) at Different channel Spacing likewise 80GHz, 90GHz and 100Ghz in DWDM for bit rate 40 Gb/s. Dispersion can be completely compensated with the aid of using Dispersion compensating fiber as a compensator. In this paper, the general execution of 32 channel DWDM correspondence with 40 Gbps bit rates researched.
Development of Pipelined Blowfish Algorithm with Memory based S-Box
Authors: Madhusudhan Namsamgari , Padma P. , Rao Rameshwar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The main aim in the design of any encryption algorithm is to provide security against unauthorized attacks. With the fast progression of digital data exchange information security has become an important issue in data communication. Encryption algorithms play an important role in information security system. These algorithms consume a significant amount of computing resources such as CPU time, memory, and battery power. The data encryption algorithms should provide security and also should not be slow in performance because it is a common practice to embed encryption algorithms in other applications. Embedding of encryption algorithms in other applications also precludes a hardware implementation, and is thus a major cause of degraded overall performance of the system. Advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm is used for protection against various classes of wireless attacks but it consumes more core area and power. Hence, we propose a development of pipelined Blowfish algorithm as an alternative security algorithm. In this paper the pipelined blowfish algorithm with memory based S box(with different memory sizes) has been developed and simulated using Xilinx Ise 14.2 using Verilog HDL using Zynq7000. The memory-based method is used to optimize the performance of Blowfish. The performance is analyzed in terms of its area, power and throughput.