bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-fracture Mobility Using Standardized Scale as an Early Indicator of High Health Risk in Patients with a Hip Fracture
Authors: Yeong Keefai , Lisk Radcliffe , Watters Hazel , Enwere Peter , Robin Jonathan , Fluck David , Fry Christopher H. , Han Thang S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHip fracture in older adults is associated with poor prognosis. We tested the hypothesis that a single standardized measure, pre-fracture mobility, can be used as an early indicator of patients at high health risk after a hip fracture. Analysis of prospectively collected data of older adults admitted with a hip fracture between April-2009 and June-2019 in a single NHS hospital, UK. Pre-fracture mobility status (freely mobile, mobilising outdoors with one aid or with two aids, and limited to indoors), was used to predict length of stay (LOS) and mortality in hospital, and discharge destination. Among 3073 (2231 women, 842 men) admitted from their own home (mean ± SD age = 82.7 ± 9.3 yr), 159 died and 2914 survived to discharge: 1834 back to their home, 772 to rehabilitation, 66 to residential care, 141 to nursing care and 101 to unknown destinations. Compared with LOS of 15.9 ± 15.6 days in patients who mobilised freely before fracture (reference), those who were able to mobilise outdoors with one aid stayed 3.5 days, and those with two aids or confined to indoor mobility stayed one week longer in hospital. In-patient mortality was increased among patients who mobilised outdoors with two aids: OR = 2.1 (95%CI = 1.3–3.3), and those limited to indoors: OR = 2.1 (1.3–1.5). Finally, a change in residence on discharge was more likely in those who mobilised outdoors with two aids (OR = 1.8, 95%CI = 1.2–2.6), and those limited to indoors (OR = 1.9, 95%CI = 1.2–2.9). In conclusion, pre-fracture mobility may be a useful early indicator for identifying patients at increased risk of adverse outcomes after an acute hip fracture.
The role of loneliness in university students’ pathological Internet use – a web survey study on the moderating effect of social web application use
Authors: Reissmann Andreas , Lange Klaus W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated the role of social web application use in the association between loneliness and pathological Internet use. A sample of university students (n = 445) completed an online survey of their loneliness and Internet use, including an assessment of pathological Internet use level. Based on existing theory and empirical findings, loneliness was expected to be indirectly associated with pathological Internet use through social-compensatory Internet use motives. The strength of this indirect effect was hypothesized to be moderated by levels of social web application use. Results pointed to the specificity of social-compensatory use motives in mediating loneliness effects on pathological Internet use, while the size of these effects was moderated by quantity of social web application use. Findings suggest that lonely people with higher levels of social web activity show a stronger social-compensatory use orientation, which translates to higher levels of pathological Internet use. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed and several suggestions for future studies are made.
Risk analysis for forecasting cyberattacks against connected and autonomous vehicles
Authors: Meyer Sunniva F. , Elvik Rune , Johnsson Espen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA security risk analysis was conducted to identify possible cyberattacks against a future transport system consisting of autonomous and connected vehicles. Six scenarios were developed: joyriding, kidnapping, domestic abuse, autopilot manipulation, a large transport accident, and paralysis of the transport system. Even if it were possible to increase the difficulty of conducting such cyberattacks, it might be impossible to eliminate such attacks entirely. Measures that limit the consequences will therefore be necessary. Such measures include safety measures in vehicles to protect their occupants in traffic accidents and measures that make vehicles easier to remove in case they do not function.
On Evidence-Based Practice in Disaster Risk Reduction
Authors: Alexander David E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDisaster science and scholarship are forever expanding and there are increasing calls to base disaster risk reduction policies on the evidence produced by such work. Using examples and argument, this opinion piece examines the nature of evidence. It defines evidence-based practice and considers how it has developed and become important to disaster risk reduction. A definition of what constitutes evidence is difficult to achieve but it must be made in relation to whether the data and information collected can usefully be interpreted and employed to change things for the better. Case histories from past and present centuries show that evidence can sometimes be argued over endlessly. In other cases it is roundly ignored. In yet other instances, false conclusions derived from evidence can become evidence in their own right. Nevertheless, there are situations in disaster risk reduction in which evidence is sorely needed but is clearly lacking. The effectiveness of counter-terrorism measures is one such area. In conclusion, evidence is valuable, above all if there is willingness to use it to support policy formulation, especially in a simple, transparent manner. Subjective interpretation can never be entirely removed from the use of evidence, and evidence alone will not stimulate the policy formulators to improve their decision making.
Der Simulierte Klassenraum Biologie – Erfassung deklarativen und prozeduralen Wissens bei Lehramtsstudierenden der Biologie
Authors: Fischer Julian , Machts Nils , Möller Jens , Harms Ute 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Lehrerprofessionalisierungsforschung werden zahlreiche Studien durchgeführt, die sich intensiv mit verschiedenen Wissensbereichen – fachliches, fachdidaktisches und pädagogisches Wissen – beschäftigen. Vernachlässigt werden häufig spezifische Wissenstypen, die nach psychologischen Ansätzen in deklaratives und prozedurales Wissen differenziert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht die vorliegende Studie die verschiedenen Bereiche des Professionswissens angehender Biologiestudierenden (N = 51) zur Evolution und versucht gleichzeitig, erste Erkenntnisse über den Zusammenhang zwischen dem deklarativen und prozeduralen Wissen zu gewinnen. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine Kombination zweier Instrumente verwendet - ein Fragebogen zur Evolution, der das deklarative Wissen misst - und der Simulierte Klassenraum Biologie (SKRBio), der das prozedurale Wissen im Bereich der Diagnosefähigkeit erfasst. Im SKRBio können die Lehramtsstudierenden Fragen zur natürlichen Selektion an virtuelle Schüler*innen richten, woraufhin die gegebenen Antworten und die gezeigten Leistungen diagnostiziert werden müssen. Die Ergebnisse im SKRBio zeigen, dass die Lehramtsstudierenden in der Lage sind, die wissenschaftliche Korrektheit der virtuellen Schülerantworten zu beurteilen (91% Diagnoserate). Größere Schwierigkeiten werden bei der Diagnose spezifischer Fehlvorstellungskategorien innerhalb der virtuellen Schülerantworten identifiziert (59% Diagnoserate). Zwischen dem deklarativen und dem prozeduralen Wissens zeigten sich schwache bis moderate Zusammenhänge. Erwartungswidrige Ergebnisse lieferten die differenzierten Zusammenhangsanalysen zwischen deklarativem und prozeduralem Wissen innerhalb eines Wissensbereichs. Diese Befunde zeigen, dass deklaratives und prozedurales Wissen angehender Lehrer*innen zusammenhängen. Weitere Replikationsstudien könnten dazu beitragen, die beobachteten Unterschiede in den Zusammenhangsgrößen innerhalb der Wissensbereiche zu erklären. In Zukunft könnte der SKRBio eine simulierte Klassenraumumgebung darstellen, um Lehramtsstudierenden neben den schulpraktischen Phasen die Möglichkeit zu geben, prozedurales Wissen anzuwenden und trainieren zu können.
Ecotoxicological investigations of milking cow slurry and changes of oestrogenic compounds in the solid and liquid phase
Authors: Gubó Eduárd , Kiss-Szarvák Ildikó , Erdenebaatar Mishele , Gubó Richárd , Horváth Bence , Szakál Pál , Plutzer Judit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDue to the appearance of intensive livestock-rearing systems since the 1970s, a vast amount of liquid manure (slurry) has been produced. The application and utilization are partly regulated for this special substance, which contains urine, excrement, process water, and other chemicals, such as insecticides and disinfectants. Our research was conducted on a slurry management system of a dairy cattle farm, focusing on the investigation of the presence of oestrogenic substances and toxicity of slurry before and after using a separator technology. Yeast oestrogen screen shows in this study that the separation of the liquid and solid phases of slurry contributes to the reduction in oestrogenic substances. Based on the toxicological studies, the growth inhibition of algae was 93%, and the inhibition of the germination of higher plant seeds was 25%, without separation. After separation of the phases, growth and germination were comparable with the negative control; moreover, some stimulation was detected. Consequently, harmful substances were removed with the suspended solid phase. From the present study, we can conclude that stakeholders should support separation technology in intensive livestock-rearing systems, and ecotoxicological investigations obviously help the risk management of slurry utilization. To our best knowledge, this is the first paper presenting detailed and complex toxicological study on slurry samples.
Charged Particle Tracking via Edge-Classifying Interaction Networks
Authors: DeZoort Gage , Thais Savannah , Duarte Javier , Razavimaleki Vesal , Atkinson Markus , Ojalvo Isobel , Neubauer Mark , Elmer Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent work has demonstrated that geometric deep learning methods such as graph neural networks (GNNs) are well suited to address a variety of reconstruction problems in high-energy particle physics. In particular, particle tracking data are naturally represented as a graph by identifying silicon tracker hits as nodes and particle trajectories as edges, given a set of hypothesized edges, edge-classifying GNNs identify those corresponding to real particle trajectories. In this work, we adapt the physics-motivated interaction network (IN) GNN toward the problem of particle tracking in pileup conditions similar to those expected at the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider. Assuming idealized hit filtering at various particle momenta thresholds, we demonstrate the IN’s excellent edge-classification accuracy and tracking efficiency through a suite of measurements at each stage of GNN-based tracking: graph construction, edge classification, and track building. The proposed IN architecture is substantially smaller than previously studied GNN tracking architectures; this is particularly promising as a reduction in size is critical for enabling GNN-based tracking in constrained computing environments. Furthermore, the IN may be represented as either a set of explicit matrix operations or a message passing GNN. Efforts are underway to accelerate each representation via heterogeneous computing resources towards both high-level and low-latency triggering applications.
Self-Monitoring of Urinary Hormones in Combination with Telemedicine — a Timely Review and Opinion Piece in Medically Assisted Reproduction
Authors: Hart Roger J. , D’Hooghe Thomas , Dancet Eline A. F. , Aurell Ramón , Lunenfeld Bruno , Orvieto Raoul , Pellicer Antonio , Polyzos Nikolaos P. , Zheng Wenjing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cycle monitoring via ultrasound and serum-based hormonal assays during medically assisted reproduction (MAR) can provide information on ovarian response and assist in optimizing treatment strategies in addition to reducing complications such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Two surveys conducted in 2019 and 2020, including overall 24 fertility specialists from Europe, Asia and Latin America, confirmed that the majority of fertility practitioners routinely conduct hormone monitoring during MAR. However, blood tests may cause inconvenience to patients. The reported drawbacks of blood tests identified by the survey included the validity of results from different service providers, long waiting times and discomfort to patients due to travelling to clinics for tests and repeated venepunctures. Historically, urine-based assays were used by fertility specialists in clinics but were subsequently replaced by more practical and automated serum-based assays. A remote urine-based hormonal assay could be an alternative to current serum-based testing at clinics, reducing the inconvenience of blood tests and the frequency of appointments, waiting times and patient burden. Here we provide an overview of the current standard of care for cycle monitoring and review the literature to assess the correlation between urine-based hormonal assays and serum-based hormonal assays during MAR. In addition, in this review, we discuss the evidence supporting the introduction of remote urine-based hormonal monitoring as part of a novel digital health solution that includes remote ultrasound and tele-counselling to link clinics and patients at home.
The Top 100 Most Cited Articles on Intrauterine Adhesion: a Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Gu Pan , Li Waixing , Zhao Xingping , Xu Dabao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBibliometric analysis is a statistical method that attempts to assess articles by their citations, analyzing their frequency and citation pattern, which subsequently gleans direction and guidance for future research. Over the past few years, articles focused on intrauterine adhesions have been published with increasing frequency. Nevertheless, little is known about the properties and qualities of this research, and no current analysis exists that has examined the progress in intrauterine adhesion research. Web of Science Core Collection, BIOSIS Citation Index, and MEDLINE database were searched to identify articles on intrauterine adhesion published from 1950 to October 2020. The 100 most cited articles were chosen to analyze citation count, citation density, authorship, theme, geographic distribution, time-related flux, level of evidence, and network analysis. An overwhelming majority of these 100 articles were published in the 2010s (35%). Citations per article ranged from 30 to 253. Chinese authors published the most papers in the top 100, followed by the USA, France, Israel, and Italy. The most salient study themes included operative hysteroscopy and adjunctive treatments for improving reproductive outcomes. The most common level of evidence was level II, and there was no statistical difference in the number of citations between the levels. The network analysis indicated that hysteroscopy, hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, infertility, and the reproductive outcome had a great degree of centrality in the 2000s and 2010s. In comparison, placental implantation had a great degree of centrality in the 2000s, and stem cell and fibrosis had a great degree of centrality in the 2010s. The value of IUA investigation has been gradually appreciated recently. Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis was continuously explored to achieve better reproductive outcome. Over time, the main focus of research has gradually shifted from complications to postoperative adjuvant treatment. Moreover, breakthrough progress is needed in underlying mechanism and early prevention of IUA.
Happy Times: an Exploration of How Australian Young Adults Define Happiness
Authors: McMillan Nathan , Laughland-Booÿ Jacqueline , Roberts Steven , Smith Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Happiness is an inescapable notion within everyday life and central to the human experience. With evidence that happiness decreases significantly between adolescence and adulthood, this article aims to inform further exploration of why this is so, by first understanding how young people define happiness. In this article, we present data from 29 in-depth interviews with Australian young adults (aged 26–27) in which we asked what they understand happiness to be. From their responses, we found support for a previously proposed typology of happiness. Notably, distinct temporal paradigms emerged in our sample’s definitions of happiness not yet considered within previous typologies. These temporal orientations are not only made up of three-time perspectives, past, present and future; furthermore, nuance was identified in temporal outlooks characterised as adaptable, controllable, predictable and uncertain. With early indications that these temporal orientations play a significant role in shaping happiness, this study argues that temporalities are key to understanding the decline of happiness from adolescence to adulthood.
The determinants of racial disparities in obesity: baseline evidence from a natural experiment
Authors: Durfee Thomas , Myers Samuel , Wolfson Julian , DeMarco Molly , Harnak Lisa , Caspi Caitlin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article uses baseline data from an observational study to estimate the determinants of racial and gender disparities in obesity. Samples of low-income workers in Minneapolis and Raleigh reveal that respondents in Minneapolis have lower body mass indices (BMIs) than respondents in Raleigh. There are large, statistically significant race and gender effects in estimates of BMI that explain most of the disparity between the two cities. Accounting for intersectionality—the joint impacts of being Black and a woman—reveals that almost all the BMI gaps between Black women in Minneapolis and Raleigh can be explained by age and education differences.
Impact of public water supply unreliability on residential property prices in Marion County, West Virginia
Authors: Alzahrani Fahad , Collins Alan R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWater supply unreliability in many public water systems stems from aging infrastructure. We measure unreliability by the issuance of boil water notices (BWNs) within one year prior to single-family residential sale observations. Using a spatial quantile regression framework on transactions between 2012 and 2017, we find statistically significant, negative relationships between BWNs and residential properties. The estimated impacts of unreliability on residential housing prices, however, are not uniform across the distribution of prices. Specifically, we find that BWNs have a larger impact on medium- to low-priced houses (at or below the 60 percent quantile) compared with high-priced houses. An aggregate marginal willingness-to-pay value of $4.2 million was computed for a one-day reduction in annual BWN throughout Marion County.
Increasing resilience via the use of personal data: Lessons from COVID-19 dashboards on data governance for the public good
Authors: Li Veronica Qin Ting , Yarime Masaru 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Contemporary data tools such as online dashboards have been instrumental in monitoring the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. These real-time interactive platforms allow citizens to understand the local, regional, and global spread of COVID-19 in a consolidated and intuitive manner. Despite this, little research has been conducted on how citizens respond to the data on the dashboards in terms of the pandemic and data governance issues such as privacy. In this paper, we seek to answer the research question: how can governments use data tools, such as dashboards, to balance the trade-offs between safeguarding public health and protecting data privacy during a public health crisis? This study used surveys and semi-structured interviews to understand the perspectives of the developers and users of COVID-19 dashboards in Hong Kong. A typology was also developed to assess how Hong Kong’s dashboards navigated trade-offs between data disclosure and privacy at a time of crisis compared to dashboards in other jurisdictions. Results reveal that two key factors were present in the design and improvement of COVID-19 dashboards in Hong Kong: informed actions based on open COVID-19 case data, and significant public trust built on data transparency. Finally, this study argues that norms surrounding reporting on COVID-19 cases, as well as cases for future pandemics, should be co-constructed among citizens and governments so that policies founded on such norms can be acknowledged as salient, credible, and legitimate.
Julia sets of Zorich maps
Authors: TSANTARIS ATHANASIOS 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Julia set of the exponential family
$E_{\kappa }:z\mapsto \kappa e^z$
,
$\kappa>0$
was shown to be the entire complex plane when
$\kappa>1/e$
essentially by Misiurewicz. Later, Devaney and Krych showed that for
$0<\kappa \leq 1/e$
the Julia set is an uncountable union of pairwise disjoint simple curves tending to infinity. Bergweiler generalized the result of Devaney and Krych for a three-dimensional analogue of the exponential map called the Zorich map. We show that the Julia set of certain Zorich maps with symmetry is the whole of
$\mathbb {R}^3$
, generalizing Misiurewicz’s result. Moreover, we show that the periodic points of the Zorich map are dense in
$\mathbb {R}^3$
and that its escaping set is connected, generalizing a result of Rempe. We also generalize a theorem of Ghys, Sullivan and Goldberg on the measurable dynamics of the exponential.
Log-ratio transformations for dietary compositions: numerical and conceptual questions
Authors: Corrêa Leite Maria Léa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhen evaluating the impact of macronutrient intakes on health outcomes, researchers in nutritional epidemiology are mostly interested in two types of information: the relative importance of the individual macronutrients and the absolute effect of total energy intake. However, the usual substitution models do not allow these separate effects to be disentangled. Dietary data are typical examples of compositional data, which convey relative information and are, therefore, meaningfully expressed in the form of ratios. Various formulations of log-ratios have been proposed as a means of analysing compositional data, and their interrelationships when they are used as predictors in regression models have been previously reported. This note describes the application of distinct log-ratio transformations to the composition of dietary macronutrients and discusses the interpretative implications of using them as explanatory variables in regression models together with a term for the total composition (total energy intake). It also provides examples that consider serum glucose levels as the health outcome and are based on data coming from an Italian population-based study. The log-ratio transformation of dietary data has both numerical and conceptual advantages, and overcomes the drawbacks of traditional substitution models.