bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First report of an adult female patient with endobronchial inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in Taiwan: A case report
Authors: Lin Yan‐Ting , Huang Shih‐Hao , Chang Chih‐Hao , Hsu Ping‐Chi , Wang Chih‐Wei , Lee Chung‐Shu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the respiratory system is an uncommon disease. In Taiwan, there is a lack of previous studies on tracheobronchial IMT. The tumor is characterized by overexpression of anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK)‐1. Surgical resection is the standard treatment of choice nowadays.
Effects of the nursing intervention Fall prevention in older adults with arterial hypertension using NANDA‐I, NIC, and NOC
Authors: Moreira Rafaella Pessoa , Guerra Francisca Valuzia Guedes , Ferreira Glauciano de Oliveira , Cavalcante Tahissa Frota , Felício Janiel Ferreira , Ferreira Luzia Camila Coelho , Guedes Nirla Gomes 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo measure the effects of the NIC intervention fall prevention on the magnitude of the NANDA‐I Risk for falls’ risk factors and of NOC indicators related to falls in older adults with arterial hypertension.BackgroundNurses can use nursing taxonomies to provide effective care in preventing falls in specific populations.MethodsClinical, randomized, open, parallel, and multicenter trial following the CONSORT recommendations for nonpharmacological trials. The clinical trial was registered. The research was conducted with 118 older adults allocated to intervention and control groups and matched by sex and age. The intervention was conducted in the participants’ homes in three different moments and consisted of nursing activities belonging to the NIC Fall prevention and implemented with the aid of a protocol with operational definitions.FindingsThree months after the intervention, there was a significant intergroup difference in the frequency of Risk for falls and of the following factors/conditions: cluttered environment, unfamiliar setting, exposure to unsafe weather‐related condition, insufficient anti‐slip material in the bathroom, history of falls, acute illness, orthostatic hypotension, hearing impairment, and impaired vision. There was also a positive change in the magnitude of the following NOC indicators: risk control, cognitive orientation, knowledge: fall prevention, safe home environment, comfort level, vision compensation behavior, and leisure participation.ConclusionsThe NIC intervention Fall prevention was effective in modifying risk factors belonging to Risk for falls and NOC indicators related to falls in older adults.Implications for nursing practiceThe tested intervention is important and should be instituted, mainly by nurses from primary care services who make home visits to older adults.
Endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor ablation confers protection towards endothelial dysfunction in experimental diabetes in mice
Authors: Lyngsø Kristina S. , Jensen Boye L. , Hansen Pernille B. L. , Dimke Henrik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimWith diabetes comes a significant risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. Circulating aldosterone levels increase in patients with diabetes. Aldosterone can directly affect vascular function via activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). We hypothesized that aldosterone via endothelial MR impairs endothelial function in a murine model of experimental diabetes.MethodEndothelial cell‐specific mineralocorticoid receptor knockout MRflox/flox; Tie2‐Cre mice (ECMR‐KO) and wild‐type FVB littermates were subjected to an experimental type‐1 diabetic model by low dose streptozotocin injections (55mg/kg/day) for five consecutive days. After 10 weeks of diabetes, second‐order mesenteric resistance arteries were perfused ex vivo to evaluate vessel contractility and endothelial function. The effect of ex vivo incubation with aldosterone with and without the antagonist, spironolactone was determined.ResultsDiabetic ECMR‐KO and wild‐type mice had similar, elevated, plasma aldosterone concentration while only diabetic wild‐type mice displayed elevated urine albumin excretion and cardiac and kidney hypertrophy at 10 weeks. There were no differences in contraction (Emax and EC50) to thromboxane receptor agonist (U46619) and elevated K+ between groups. Wild‐type diabetic mice showed impaired acetylcholine (ACh)‐dependent relaxation, while diabetic ECMR‐KO mice had intact ACh‐mediated relaxation. Aldosterone incubation ex vivo impaired ACh mediated relaxation and rendered responses similar to diabetic WT arteries. Direct, ex vivo aldosterone effects were absent in ECMR‐KO animals. Ex vivo inhibitory effects of aldosterone on endothelial relaxation in arteries from WT were abolished by spironolactone.ConclusionThese findings show that endothelial cell mineralocorticoid receptor activation accounts for diabetes‐induced systemic endothelial dysfunction in experimental diabetes and may explain the cardiovascular protection by MR antagonists in diabetes.
“Finding home”: Affective geographies of regional youth (im)mobilities
Authors: Boyd Candice P. , Harada Theresa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we aim to contribute to a growing body of literature that explores the affective geographies of young people’s internal migration decisions using mobilities/immobilities as our conceptual framework. As such, our focus is not only on why young people choose to leave their hometowns but also why some choose to stay. By paying attention to young people’s experiences of being away, we also shed light on why some young people choose to return to regional areas having left for a time. In emphasising the affective, material, and embodied dimensions of these experiences, the affordances of rural and urban places are also brought to light. Fifty young people aged between 18 and 34 years from three regional Australian towns took part in the study by participating in semi‐structured interviews. Qualitative findings indicate that the internal migration decisions of these regional young people were predominantly affective. We demonstrate how bodies were affected by the particularities of place – including materialities and relations with human and non‐humans – that worked to connect or unify bodies, evoking feelings of inclusion and security. We discuss how the affective atmospheres of places pushed into and onto bodies, making them feel dislocated or oppressed, and the way that places worked to push bodies out through the embodied experience of difference. The participants in our study emphasised the dilemma of these affective pushes and pulls, where feelings of belonging, or longing for home or country had to be negotiated, reconsidered, and re‐worked in relation to the unfolding of place.
Population genetic structure and diversity of the East Balkan Swine (Sus scrofa) in Bulgaria, revealed by mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analyses
Authors: Ishikawa Keita , Doneva Radostina , Raichev Evgeniy G. , Peeva Stanislava , Doichev Valentin D. , Amaike Yosuke , Nishita Yoshinori , Kaneko Yayoi , Masuda Ryuichi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe East Balkan Swine (EBS) is the only indigenous pig breed in Bulgaria. We analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and 21 microsatellite loci for 198 individuals from 11 farms in Bulgaria. Obtained 11 mtDNA haplotypes including three novel ones were grouped to two major clades, European clade E1 (146/198 individuals, 73.7%) and Asian clade A (52/198, 26.3%). The mixture of the two clades may have resulted from historical crossbreeding between the European and Asian pig breeds. Clade A was frequent in southeastern Bulgaria (Burgas Province), but less frequent or absent in northeastern Bulgaria (Varna and Shumen Provinces). The distribution of Europe‐ and Asia‐specific haplotypes relative to EBS farm locations could be attributed to regional differences of breeding systems (e.g., crossbreeding with imported commercial pigs). A microsatellite analysis showed high heterozygosities for all the EBS farms, and negative inbreeding coefficients presumably due to crossing with commercial pigs or wild boars and/or efforts to reduce inbreeding by farmers. Bayesian clustering analyses showed that all farm populations are genetically well distinguishable from one another. Although diversity has been maintained by the efforts of farmers and a breeding association, the effective population size remains small, and conservation efforts should be continued.
Sufficient dimension reduction for populations with structured heterogeneity
Authors: Huling Jared D. , Yu Menggang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA key challenge in building effective regression models for large and diverse populations is accounting for patient heterogeneity. An example of such heterogeneity is in health system risk modeling efforts where different combinations of comorbidities fundamentally alter the relationship between covariates and health outcomes. Accounting for heterogeneity arising combinations of factors can yield more accurate and interpretable regression models. Yet, in the presence of high‐dimensional covariates, accounting for this type of heterogeneity can exacerbate estimation difficulties even with large sample sizes. To handle these issues, we propose a flexible and interpretable risk modeling approach based on semiparametric sufficient dimension reduction. The approach accounts for patient heterogeneity, borrows strength in estimation across related subpopulations to improve both estimation efficiency and interpretability, and can serve as a useful exploratory tool or as a powerful predictive model. In simulated examples, we show that our approach often improves estimation performance in the presence of heterogeneity and is quite robust to deviations from its key underlying assumptions. We demonstrate our approach in an analysis of hospital admission risk for a large health system and demonstrate its predictive power when tested on further follow‐up data.
Evidence for tetrodotoxin‐resistant spontaneous myogenic contractions of mouse isolated stomach that are dependent on acetylcholine
Authors: Cai Weigang , Makwana Raj , Straface Marilisa , Gharibans Armen , Andrews Paul L. R. , Sanger Gareth J. 
Published: September 2021

Background and PurposeGastric pacemaker cells, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), are believed to initiate myogenic (non‐neuronal) contractions. These become damaged in gastroparesis, associated with dysrhythmic electrical activity and nausea. We utilised mouse isolated stomach to model myogenic contractions and investigate their origin and actions of interstitial cells of Cajal modulators.Experimental ApproachIntraluminal pressure was recorded following distension with a physiological volume; tone, contraction amplitude and frequency were quantified. Compounds were bath applied.Key ResultsThe stomach exhibited regular large amplitude contractions (median amplitude 9.0 [4.7–14.8] cmH2O, frequency 2.9 [2.5–3.4] c.p.m; n = 20), appearing to progress aborally. Tetrodotoxin (TTX, 10−6 M) had no effect on tone, frequency or amplitude but blocked responses to nerve stimulation. ω‐conotoxin GVIA (10−7 M) ± TTX was without effect on baseline motility. In the presence of TTX, (1) atropine (10−10–10−6 M) reduced contraction amplitude and frequency in a concentration‐related manner (pIC50 7.5 ± 0.3 M for amplitude), (2) CaCC channel (previously ANO1) inhibitors MONNA and CaCCinh‐A01 reduced contraction amplitude (significant at 10−5, 10−4 M respectively) and frequency (significant at 10−5 M), and (3), neostigmine (10−5 M) evoked a large, variable, increase in contraction amplitude, reduced by atropine (10−8–10−6 M) but unaffected (exploratory study) by the H1 receptor antagonist mepyramine (10−6 M).Conclusions and ImplicationsThe distended mouse stomach exhibited myogenic contractions, resistant to blockade of neural activity by TTX. In the presence of TTX, these contractions were prevented or reduced by compounds blocking interstitial cells of Cajal activity or by atropine and enhanced by neostigmine (antagonised by atropine), suggesting involvement of non‐neuronal ACh in their regulation.
Coping strategies used by mothers and fathers following diagnosis of congenital heart disease
Authors: Demianczyk Abigail C. , Bechtel Driscoll Colleen F. , Karpyn Allison , Shillingford Amanda , Kazak Anne E. , Sood Erica 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundParents of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) exhibit high rates of mental health difficulties, which can influence child developmental and behavioural outcomes. While extensive research has focused on CHD‐related stressors that contribute to parental mental health difficulties, few studies have investigated parental coping strategies that may mitigate or heighten risk. This study aimed to identify parental coping strategies following diagnosis of CHD and compare use of coping strategies among different groups (mothers vs. fathers; prenatal vs. postnatal diagnosis).MethodsA diverse sample of 34 parents (20 mothers and 14 fathers) of young children with CHD participated in semistructured interviews focused on their responses to CHD‐related stressors. Coping strategies were identified from qualitative data and categorized according to the COPE Inventory, an instrument that assesses common adult responses to stress. Coping strategies deemed as unique to parenting a critically ill child were identified. χ2 and independent sample t tests evaluated group differences.ResultsParents described using between 1 and 10 different adaptive and maladaptive strategies measured by the COPE Inventory. Most parents (82.35%) also described coping strategies that may be unique to parenting a critically ill child. Mothers were more likely than fathers to report a focus on and venting of emotions (70% vs. 21.43%) and behavioural disengagement (25% vs. 0%). Compared with parents receiving a postnatal CHD diagnosis, those receiving a prenatal diagnosis described a greater variety of coping strategies (6.23 vs. 4.52) and more often reported positive reinterpretation and growth (69.23% vs. 14.29%), behavioural disengagement (38.46% vs. 0%) and denial (38.46% vs. 0%).ConclusionsParents of children with CHD utilize a variety of coping strategies, some of which are maladaptive. Interventions tailored to the needs of mothers and fathers of young children with CHD, including those receiving a postnatal diagnosis, are needed to promote adaptive coping and optimize family psychosocial outcomes.
Divergent views on trophy hunting in Africa, and what this may mean for research and policy
Authors: van Houdt Shaya , Brown Richard P. , Wanger Thomas C. , Twine Wayne , Fynn Richard , Uiseb Kenneth , Cooney Rosie , Traill Lochran W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOver the past decade, trophy hunting in Africa has seen increased public and scientific interest. Much of that attention has come from outside of Africa, with little emphasis on local views. We circulated an online survey through international networks to explore demographic and regional differences in opinion regards support for African trophy hunting, trophy import bans, and outside funding of conservation estates supported by hunting. We received ∼5700 responses and found that location, demography, and conservation background influenced opinion. African and North American respondents showed (significantly) more support for trophy hunting than respondents from Europe or other areas, as did respondents with conservation backgrounds. Unlike North Americans, Africans supported external subsidies of wildlife areas presently funded by hunting. Many factors affected opinions on African hunting, but respondent location played a major role. Realistic policy on African trophy hunting should thus integrate African perspectives, in particular those of rural communities.
Trump’s wall and gourmet coffee sales: The effect of a consumer boycott in Mexico
Authors: Peña Pablo A. , Salazar Saidé , Serrano Carlos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhen President Trump announced a threat to impose a 20% tariff on Mexican imports to pay for a wall at the Southern border, social media users in Mexico called for a boycott of American brands. Based on a difference‐in‐differences approach, we estimate the effect of the boycott on the sales of 633 gourmet coffee establishments of American and domestic brands in Mexico. We use credit and debit card transactions from Mexico's largest bank within a ±8‐week window around the presidential announcement and contrast them with similar windows the year before and the year after. Our estimates indicate that the boycott reduced the sales of American‐brand establishments by 19% during its first week. Its effect decayed but remained significant for at least 8 weeks. The effects are mostly observed at the extensive margin (number of transactions) rather than at the intensive margin (average ticket). The sales of domestic‐brand establishments increased from the second week on, and the increase peaked at 26% in the fourth week. We found some heterogeneity in the effects across genders and age groups.
Research networks should improve connectivity for halting freshwater insect extinctions
Authors: Valente‐Neto Francisco , Piovezan‐Borges Ana Cláudia , Urbieta Gustavo Lima , Samways Michael J. , Roque Fabio de Oliveira 
Published: September 2021

1. Avoiding freshwater insect extinctions requires studies assessing causal links between a human pressure and biodiversity measures (threats), the state of biodiversity through time (status), and solutions to manage species loss. However, an imbalance between these different approaches on declines of freshwater insects and the distribution of the studies between countries may have implications for implementing conservation knowledge into practical conservation actions.2. Here, we evaluate country co‐authorship relationships through quantitative bibliometric analysis to identify networks of research collaboration on freshwater insects extinction, and how this overall network is modified by the type of studies (status, threats, and solutions).3. We detected that authors from developed countries dominated the networks, and most studies assessed threats to freshwater insects, knowledge which is part of a research network involving multiple countries. The status network of research collaboration was clearly more disconnected in comparison with the network of all studies, whereas the solution network showed the greatest connectivity.4. These results reveal that an increase in research collaboration is required for all approaches assessed here, because many megadiverse countries are not present in the networks. This is especially required for status and solution studies. Expansion of research collaboration should decrease inequalities between developed and developing countries, achieved by funding conservation studies in developing countries. Studies should also decrease classical inequalities, including those related to sexual orientation, gender identity, and ethnic minorities. These recommendations would benefit freshwater insect conservation science and practice.
Aspirin, paracetamol (acetaminophen) and caffeine for the treatment of acute migraine attacks: A systemic review and meta‐analysis of randomized placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: Diener Hans Christoph , Gaul Charly , Lehmacher Walter , Weiser Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeMany migraine patients rely on over‐the‐counter analgesics for the treatment of migraine attacks. Fixed‐dose combinations of aspirin, paracetamol and caffeine (APC) have been used for treating migraine in many countries for a long time. We performed a meta‐analysis for the comparison of APC versus placebo, which has not been done to date.MethodsRandomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group studies using APC to treat a migraine attack were included in a meta‐analysis. We calculated the rate ratio (RRs) associated with APC versus placebo.ResultsSeven studies were included, with 3306 participants (2147 treated with APC and 1159 treated with placebo). For the primary efficacy outcome, being pain‐free at 2 h, APC was superior to placebo (19.6% vs. 9.0%, RR 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–3.3). For the co‐primary efficacy outcome, pain relief at 2 h, APC was superior to placebo (54.3% vs. 31.2%, RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.6–1.9). Adverse events were more frequent in the APC than the placebo groups (10.9% vs. 7.8%, RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.2).ConclusionsResults showed that APC is superior to placebo in the treatment of acute migraine attacks. Efficacy, measured by pain‐free response and pain relief at 2 h, was clinically relevant.
Epilepsy, electroclinical features, and long‐term outcomes in Pitt–Hopkins syndrome due to pathogenic variants in the TCF4 gene
Authors: Matricardi Sara , Bonanni Paolo , Iapadre Giulia , Elia Maurizio , Cesaroni Elisabetta , Danieli Alberto , Negrin Susanna , Zagaroli Luca , Operto Francesca Felicia , Carotenuto Marco , Pisani Francesco , Turco Emanuela Claudia , Orsini Alessandro , Bonuccelli Alice , Savasta Salvatore , Concolino Daniela , Di Cara Giuseppe , Striano Pasquale , Verrotti Alberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and purposePitt–Hopkins syndrome (PTHS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by deletions/variants in the TCF4 gene. Seizures may be present in up to half of the patients, leading to a more severe disease burden. This study aims to analyse the electroclinical phenotype, treatment options, and long‐term outcomes of epilepsy in PTHS.MethodsA multicentre observational cohort study was performed, and the electroclinical data of PTHS individuals affected by epileptic seizures were retrospectively reviewed and analysed.ResultsThe series includes 21 patients (11 female) with a median age at seizure onset of 2 years (range = 0.5–8). The median time of follow‐up was 7.9 years (range = 2–27). Both generalized and focal epilepsies were present at the same prevalence (42.8%), whereas a minority of patients presented developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (14.4%). At the long‐term follow‐up, 42.8% achieved seizure freedom, whereas 42.8% developed drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). The age at seizure onset was found to be an independent predictor for seizure outcome; in this regard, patients having seizure onset after the age of 2 years were more prone to achieve seizure freedom (odds ratio = 0.04, 95% confidence interval = 0.003–0.53; p = 0.01). During evolution, seizures tended to settle down, and even in patients with DRE, seizures tended to persist at a lower frequency and appeared to be more easily manageable over time.ConclusionsThis study provides new insight into the natural history of epilepsy in PTHS. Better characterization of epileptic phenotype and prompt tailored treatment improve overall management and quality of life.
Recent advancements in our understanding of equid gammaherpesvirus infections
Authors: Easton‐Jones Charlotte 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEquid gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous and widespread in the equine population. Despite their frequent detection, their contribution to immune system modulation and the pathogenesis of several diseases remains unclear. Genetic variability and the combination of equid gammaherpesvirus strains a horse is infected with might be clinically significant. Initial gammaherpesvirus infection occurs in foals peripartum with latency then established in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A novel EHV‐5 study suggests that following inhalation equid gammaherpesviruses might obtain direct access to T and B lymphocytes via the tonsillar crypts to establish latency. EHV‐5 is associated with equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis, however, unlike with EHV‐2 there is currently minimal evidence for its role in milder cases of respiratory disease and poor performance. Transmission is presumed to be via the upper respiratory tract with periodic reactivation of the latent virus in adult horses. Stress of transport has been identified as a risk factor for reactivation and shedding of equine gammaherpesviruses. There is currently a lack of evidence for the effectiveness of antiviral drugs in the treatment of equine gammaherpesvirus infections.