bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Holey Graphene/Polyacrylonitrile Sulfur Composite Architecture for High Loading Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Qiusheng , Zhong Jiang , Chen Maoxin , Deng Hongli , Cao Jinhui , Wang Lei , Peng Lele , Zhu Jian , Lu Bingan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLithium sulfur (Li–S) batteries have attracted considerable interest as next‐generation high‐density energy storage devices. However, their practical application is limited by low capacity and rapid capacity fading at commerical‐level mass loadings, which is largely attributed to the inferior electron/ion conduction, as well as severe the shuttling effect of soluble polysulfide species. To address these issues, a three‐dimensional holey graphene/polyacrylonitrile sulfur (3DHG/PS) composite cathode is developed for high‐mass‐loading Li–S batteries. The unique architectural design with the 3D holey graphene framework ensures fast electron and ion transport within the thick electrode, and affords enough space for mitigating the volume expansion of the electrode. Moreover, in situ Raman results demonstrate that covalent sulfur within 3DHG/PS fundamentally avoids forming soluble lithium polysulfides, which effectively reduces the undesired shuttling effect. With these advantages, the 3DHG/PS cathode exhibits an ultra‐low capacity fading rate of 0.012% per cycle after continuous 1500 cycles, as well as high specific capacity and superior rate capability with a high mass loading of 15.2 mg cm–2, which offers a promising avenue to construct future Li–S batteries with superior performance at mass loadings that exceed commercial levels.
Electroencephalographic Abnormalities are Common inCOVID‐19 and are Associated with Outcomes
Authors: Lin Lu , Al‐Faraj Abrar , Ayub Neishay , Bravo Pablo , Das Sudeshna , Ferlini Lorenzo , Karakis Ioannis , Lee Jong Woo , Mukerji Shibani S. , Newey Christopher R. , Pathmanathan Jay , Abdennadher Myriam , Casassa Charles , Gaspard Nicolas , Goldenholz Daniel M. , Gilmore Emily J. , Jing Jin , Kim Jennifer A. , Kimchi Eyal Y. , Ladha Harshad S. , Tobochnik Steven , Zafar Sahar , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Westover M. Brandon , Shafi Mouhsin M. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThe aim was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for electrographic seizures and other electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) undergoing clinically indicated continuous electroencephalogram (cEEG) monitoring and to assess whether EEG findings are associated with outcomes.MethodsWe identified 197 patients with COVID‐19 referred for cEEG at 9 participating centers. Medical records and EEG reports were reviewed retrospectively to determine the incidence of and clinical risk factors for seizures and other epileptiform patterns. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis assessed the relationship between EEG patterns and clinical outcomes.ResultsElectrographic seizures were detected in 19 (9.6%) patients, including nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in 11 (5.6%). Epileptiform abnormalities (either ictal or interictal) were present in 96 (48.7%). Preceding clinical seizures during hospitalization were associated with both electrographic seizures (36.4% in those with vs 8.1% in those without prior clinical seizures, odds ratio [OR] 6.51,p= 0.01) and NCSE (27.3% vs 4.3%, OR 8.34,p= 0.01). A pre‐existing intracranial lesion on neuroimaging was associated with NCSE (14.3% vs 3.7%; OR 4.33,p= 0.02). In multivariate analysis of outcomes, electrographic seizures were an independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 4.07 [1.44–11.51],p < 0.01). In competing risks analysis, hospital length of stay increased in the presence of NCSE (30 day proportion discharged with vs without NCSE: HR 0.21 [0.03–0.33] vs 0.43 [0.36–0.49]).InterpretationThis multicenter retrospective cohort study demonstrates that seizures and other epileptiform abnormalities are common in patients with COVID‐19 undergoing clinically indicated cEEG and are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:872–883
Genetic Variation in WNT9B Increases Relapse Hazard in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Vandebergh Marijne , Andlauer Till F. M. , Zhou Yuan , Mallants Klara , Held Friederike , Aly Lilian , Taylor Bruce V. , Hemmer Bernhard , Dubois Bénédicte , Goris An 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveMany multiple sclerosis (MS) genetic susceptibility variants have been identified, but understanding disease heterogeneity remains a key challenge. Relapses are a core feature of MS and a common primary outcome of clinical trials, with prevention of relapses benefiting patients immediately and potentially limiting long‐term disability accrual. We aim to identify genetic variation associated with relapse hazard in MS by analyzing the largest study population to date.MethodsWe performed a genomewide association study (GWAS) in a discovery cohort and investigated the genomewide significant variants in a replication cohort. Combining both cohorts, we captured a total of 2,231 relapses occurring before the start of any immunomodulatory treatment in 991 patients. For assessing time to relapse, we applied a survival analysis utilizing Cox proportional hazards models. We also investigated the association between MS genetic risk scores and relapse hazard and performed a gene ontology pathway analysis.ResultsThe low‐frequency genetic variant rs11871306 within WNT9B reached genomewide significance in predicting relapse hazard and replicated (meta‐analysis hazard ratio (HR) = 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.70–2.78, p = 2.07 × 10−10). A pathway analysis identified an association of the pathway “response to vitamin D” with relapse hazard (p = 4.33 × 10−6). The MS genetic risk scores, however, were not associated with relapse hazard.InterpretationGenetic factors underlying disease heterogeneity differ from variants associated with MS susceptibility. Our findings imply that genetic variation within the Wnt signaling and vitamin D pathways contributes to differences in relapse occurrence. The present study highlights these cross‐talking pathways as potential modulators of MS disease activity. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:884–894
Distribution and Evolution of Quantum Coherence for Open Multi‐Qubit Systems in Non‐Inertial Frames
Authors: Zeng Hao‐Sheng , Cao Hui‐Min 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe distribution and evolution of quantum coherence for multi‐qubit W and GHz states of Dirac fields in the non‐inertial frames and under the action of local environments is studied. It is found that the N‐qubit W state has all orders of coherence (from bipartite to N‐partite subsystems), and the coherence of the whole system is equal to the sum of all the bipartite coherences in the whole time evolution. However, the evolved N‐qubit GHz state has its coherence belonged only to the whole system and no coherence resides in any subsystems. Further, it is found that the expressions of coherence for both W and GHz states are covariant with respect to the transformation of decaying rates.
Fatal postoperative intracranial hypotension‐associated venous congestion after elective laminectomy
Authors: Schopmeyer L. , Sindhunata P. B. , Drogt‐Bilaseschi I. , Lubbers D. D. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryPostoperative intracranial hypotension‐associated venous congestion is a rare complication that features radiologic characteristics suggestive of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy without systemic hypoxia or hypotension actually occurring. This makes the condition prone to being misidentified as a complication of anaesthesia. In this case, a patient undergoing emergency haematoma evacuation after a previous lumbar laminectomy lost cerebrospinal fluid rapidly and accidentally via a wound drain. She subsequently developed postoperative seizures and eventually died some days later having never regained consciousness. A magnetic resonance imaging scan acquired after the event showed signs initially thought to be indicative of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy but was later identified to be postoperative intracranial hypotension‐associated venous congestion due to temporary obstruction of the great cerebral vein, resulting in local rather than systemic hypoxia. Anaesthetists should be aware of this rare condition and be familiar with its pathophysiology and presentation.
Torrefied agro‐industrial residue as filler in natural rubber compounds
Authors: Torres Lennard F. , McCaffrey Zach , Washington Wisdom , Williams Tina G. , Wood Delilah F. , Orts William J. , McMahan Colleen M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study explored the feasibility of using torrefied biomass as a reinforcing filler in natural rubber compounds. Carbon black was then replaced with the torrefied biomass in elastomer formulations for concentrations varying from 0% to 100% (60 parts per hundred rubber or phr total). Their influence on the curing process, dynamic properties, and mechanical properties was investigated. Results were compared with the properties of vulcanizates containing solely carbon black fillers. Time to cure (t90) for compounds with torrefied biomass fillers increased, while filler‐filler interactions (ΔG') decreased, compared to carbon black controls. At low strains, the tan δ values of the torrefied fillers vulcanizates were similar to the controls. Incorporation of torrefied biomass into natural rubber decreased compound tensile strength and modulus but increased elongation. Replacement with torrefied fillers resulted in a weaker filler network in the matrix. Still, results showed that moderate substitution concentrations (~20 phr) could be feasible for some natural rubber applications.
Microcellular foaming of poly(lactic acid) branched with food‐grade chain extenders
Authors: Venkatesan Krishnaa B. , Karkhanis Sonal S. , Matuana Laurent M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of two food‐grade multifunctional epoxies chain extenders (CE) in branching PLA and improving its foamability. Both CE grades were effective in branching PLA causing increased end mixing torque, shear, elongational viscosities, molecular weight but decreased crystallinity of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with CE content, due to chain entanglements. CE with low epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) was more efficient than the counterpart with high EEW due to its high reactivity. Neat PLA foams showed poor cell morphology with areas without nucleated cells and had a low expansion, owing to its low elongational viscosity. By contrast, there was a considerable change in the morphology of the PLA foam structure caused by its branching. Chain‐extended PLA foams had uniform cell morphology with a high void fraction (up to ~85%) and expansion ratio (an eightfold expansion over unfoamed PLA) due to their high elongational viscosities, suggesting that melt properties of branched PLA were appropriate for optimum cell growth and stabilization during foaming. Overall, CE with low EEW was the most effective grade and 0.25% the optimum content that provided appropriate melt viscosity to produce PLA foams with a homogeneous structure, fine cells, high void fraction, high volume expansion ratio, and cell‐population density.
Hashtags for gatekeeping of information on social media
Authors: Potnis Devendra , Tahamtan Iman 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince the inception of gatekeeping research in the 1940s, most studies on gatekeeping have been human‐centric, treating and studying individuals as gatekeepers, who perform their gatekeeping role using a combination of the following mechanisms: forming communities, and/or broadcasting, discovering‐searching, collecting, organizing, or protecting information. However, the nature of communication channels and how information is produced by and shared with users has fundamentally changed in the last 80 years. One significant change is the growing use of technology‐enabled metadata like hashtags when sharing information on social media. Rarely any study investigates whether hashtags can perform gatekeeping of information and what it means for information gatekeeping. This paper fills in the gap by conducting a content analysis of 77 interdisciplinary studies on hashtags and gatekeeping to confirm how they can implement six gatekeeping mechanisms. This study shows that hashtags expand our understanding of the role of technology solutions in gatekeeping and advance research on hierarchical gatekeeping. The benefits of hashtags for gatekeeping suggest that they act as “information anchors” for online communities, thereby highlighting the utility of information gatekeepers for society.
Olefin Recovery by *BEA‐Type Zeolite Membrane: Affinity‐Based Separation with Olefin−Ag+ Interaction
Authors: Sakai Motomu , Tsuzuki Yuto , Fujimaki Naoyuki , Matsukata Masahiko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAg+ was introduced into *BEA‐type zeolite membrane by an ion‐exchange method to enhance olefin selectivity. Ag−*BEA membrane exhibited superior olefin separation performance for both ethylene/ethane and propylene/propane mixtures. Particularly, the separation factor for ethylene at 373 K reached 57 with the ethylene permeance of 1.6×10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1. Adsorption properties of olefin and paraffin were evaluated to discuss contribution of Ag+ to separation performance enhancement. A strong interaction between olefin and Ag+ in the membrane caused preferential adsorption of olefin against paraffin, leading to selective permeation of olefin. Ag−*BEA membrane also exhibited high olefin selectivities from olefin/N2 mixtures. The affinity‐based separation through Ag−*BEA membrane showed a high potential for olefin recovery and purification from various gas mixtures.
Career development by design, not default: Creating a more efficient and data‐driven process by connecting aptitude‐based learner guidance to post‐secondary pathways, competency‐based credentials, and high‐demand jobs
Authors: Gyll Sean P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper details a systematic process that links industry and competency‐based institutions' ability to create a more diverse talent pipeline while connecting learners to high‐demand jobs. To remain competitive, competency‐based institutions must closely align with industry and the government to keep their content up to date and relevant to today's job market. Paramount to this approach will be institutions' ability to assess incoming students' aptitudes before choosing educational pathways for which they may have natural skills but may be unaware of those career options. Case study data from a national leader in aptitude‐based learner guidance will show that when institutions apply a data‐driven approach to developing the workforce, women and ethnic minorities choose paths that match their strengths while socializing them into more non‐traditional roles. A value chain is proposed that aligns industry‐recognized credentials with competency‐based criteria while implementing flexible assessment libraries to validate those skills. With the immense human capital challenge facing our economic recovery, applying a clear and aligned process of recruiting a broad diversity of students is critical for success. The result is a structure of actionable data that learners can use to explore career options and review personalized matches while providing competency‐based institutions actionable data to recruit, advise, and plan for secondary pathways, college programs, internships, and careers.
Pivoting to online learning—The future of learning and work
Authors: Camacho Danielle J. , Legare Jill M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to contribute to the emergent body of research that addresses the changing landscape of education transitioning from brick and mortar to online/remote learning. A review of related literature for this paper includes an early perspective of online education, emergent trends, methods used to support educators and learners and a summary of best practices and opportunities for educators. Transitioning courses from on‐ground to online education requires a student‐centered approach, a clear understanding of the objectives, and a plan to address each of the learning goals. Remote learning does not equate to a less rigorous learning experience, instead the online delivery will provide opportunities for synchronous and asynchronous interactions, and will require students to complete assignments and projects to demonstrate comprehension and mastery of the subject matter. Educators, administrators, institutional leaders may find insights into the merits of employing best practices in online education.
Influence of premilling thermal treatments of yellow peas, navy beans, and fava beans on the flavor and end‐product quality of tortillas and pitas
Authors: Frohlich Peter , Young Gina , Borsuk Yulia , Sigvaldson Michelle , Bourré Lindsay , Sopiwnyk Elaine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThermally pretreating pulses prior to milling has been successful in improving sensory properties of foods formulated with them. This research investigated the effect of pretreating yellow peas, navy beans, and fava beans using roasting and micronization and examined flour quality, end‐product quality, and sensory properties when the flours were used in tortilla and pita bread.FindingsTortillas and pitas made from flours of roasted pulses were generally darker in color. Micronizing was more successful at reducing bitter flavors in tortillas and bitter and beany flavors in pitas and had a greater impact on purchase intent scores.ConclusionsMinimal effects on flour and end‐product quality were observed. Beany and bitter flavors in tortillas and pitas decreased when yellow peas and navy beans were thermally pretreated prior to milling. Flours milled from micronized navy beans and yellow peas resulted in higher purchase intent scores for tortillas and pitas, respectively.Significance and NoveltyThermal pretreatments had minimal effects on pulse flour quality and improved some sensory properties of the resulting tortillas and pitas. Identifying thermal pretreatments that can improve the sensory properties provides a greater opportunity for the use of pulse flours.
Understanding Electric Field‐Dependent Structure Variation of Functional Ionic Liquids at the Electrode Interface
Authors: Qin Jingyu , Wang Mi , Wang Yanlei , Wang Chenlu , Lu Yumiao , Huo Feng , He Hongyan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the electric field‐dependent structure variation of ionic liquids (ILs) near electrodes is crucial to the rational design of ILs‐based electrochemical applications. In the present work, the number density and ionic orientation show that anions in imidazole ILs accumulate first and then are pulled out while that in sulfonic imidazole ILs changes little as the electric field strengthens. Meanwhile, the evolution of layered structure of cation and anion leads to a stronger interfacial polarization compared to that in the bulk for various ILs. Moreover, the elongation and sulfonic modification of the side chain can further respectively strengthen and weaken the interfacial polarization. These quantitative relations among structure change, side‐chain length, sulfonic group, and the electric field can provide practical guidelines in the ionic liquid design and management of the related electrochemical processes.
NOx out of diesel engines – the necessity of thermodynamic considerations
Authors: Fleischer Holger , Greiner Gerhard , Horlacher Bernhard , Maier Heike , Öttinger Markus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn diesem Artikel wird die Abgasproblematik im Dieselmotor dargestellt, wobei besonders auf die thermodynamischen Aspekte eingegangen wird. Da die Emission von Stickstoffoxiden vermieden werden soll, werden Verfahren beschrieben, um die Emission von NO und NO2 zu minimieren. Dabei sollen gleichzeitig die Vorteile der Dieselmotoren im Hinblick auf minimalen Verbrauch und maximale Leistung erhalten bleiben. Wie die Umsetzung der so gewonnenen Erkenntnisse im Chemieunterricht erfolgen kann, wird am Beispiel einer Unterrichtseinheit erläutert: Dabei wird zunächst anhand der verschiedenen Oxidationsstufen (Oxidationszahlen) der Stickstoffatome in Stickstoffoxiden verdeutlicht, in welcher Richtung die Redoxprozesse bei Oxidation oder Reduktion erfolgen. Anschließend werden Versuche besprochen, die im Microscale‐Maßstab konzipiert sind. Sie können als Schülerversuche durchgeführt oder im Unterricht im Klassenzimmer zur Projektion verwendet werden.
Clinical outcomes of left bundle branch pacing compared to right ventricular apical pacing in patients with atrioventricular block
Authors: Zhang Shigeng , Guo Junfang , Tao Aibin , Zhang Baowei , Bao Zhonghua , Zhang Guohui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeft bundle branch pacing (LBBP) can produce near normalization of QRS duration. This has recently emerged as alternative technique to right ventricular pacing and His bundle pacing.HypothesisThe purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical outcomes of LBBP compared to right ventricular apical pacing (RVAP).MethodsA total of 70 AVB patients with indications for ventricular pacing were retrospectively studied. LBBP was attempted in 33 patients, classified as LBBP group. The other patients were classified as RVAP group. Pacing parameters, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram characteristics, heart failure hospitalization (HFH), and atrial fibrillation (AF) were evaluated perioperatively and at follow‐ups. Patients were followed in the device clinic for a minimum of 12 months and up to 24 months at a 3–6 monthly interval.ResultsLBBP was successful in 29 of 33(87.9%) patients while all 37 of the remaining patients successfully underwent RVAP. Paced QRS duration was significantly narrower in the LBBP group compare to RVAP(110.75 ± 6.77 ms vs. 154.29 ± 6.96 ms, p = .000) at implantation, and the difference persisted during follow‐ups. Pacing thresholds (at implantation: 0.68 ± 0.22 V in the LBBP group and 0.73 ± 0.23 V in the RVAP group, p = .620) remained low and stable during follow‐ups. The cardiac function in the LBBP group remained stable during follow‐ups (LVEF%:55.08 ± 4.32 pre‐operation and 54.17 ± 4.34 at the end of follow‐up, p = .609), and better than RVAP group (LVEF%: 54.17 ± 4.34 vs. 50.14 ± 2.14, p = .005). Less HFH was observed in the LBBP group (2/29,6.89%) compared to RVAP group (10/37,27.03%).ConclusionsThe present investigation demonstrates the safety and feasibility of LBBP that produces narrower paced QRS duration than RVAP. LBBP is associated with reduction in the occurrence of pacing‐induced left ventricular dysfunction and HFH compared to RVAP in patients requiring permanent pacemakers.