bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Psychiatric Morbidity and Suicide: A Swedish Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study With Sibling Comparisons
Authors: Ludvigsson Jonas F , Olén Ola , Larsson Henrik , Halfvarson Jonas , Almqvist Catarina , Lichtenstein Paul , Butwicka Agnieszka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is linked to psychiatric morbidity, but few studies have assessed general population comparators. We aimed to investigate the risk of psychiatric morbidity and suicide in adult-onset IBD patients.

Methods
We used a nationwide population-based cohort study in Sweden [1973–2013]. We studied the risk of psychiatric disorders and suicide in 69,865 adult-onset IBD patients [ulcerative colitis, UC: n = 43,557; Crohn’s disease, CD: n = 21,245; and IBD-unclassified: n = 5063] compared to 3,472,913 general population references and 66 292 siblings.

Results
During a median follow-up of 11 years, we found 7465 [10.7%] first psychiatric disorders in IBD [incidence rate, IR/1000 person-years 8.4] and 306 911 [9.9%] in the general population [IR 6.6], resulting in 1.8 extra psychiatric morbidity per 100 patients followed-up for 10 years and a hazard ratio [HR] of 1.3 [95% confidence interval, 95%CI = 1.2–1.3]. The highest risk of overall psychiatric morbidity was seen in the first year after IBD diagnosis [HR = 1.4, 95%CI = 1.2–1.6] and in patients with extraintestinal manifestations [HR = 1.6, 95%CI = 1.5–1.7]. Psychiatric morbidity was more common in all IBD subtypes [HR 1.3–1.5]. An increased risk of suicide attempts was observed among all IBD types [HR = 1.2–1.4], whereas completed suicide was explicitly associated with CD [HR = 1.5] and elderly-onset [diagnosed at the age of &gt; 60 years] IBD [HR = 1.7].

Conclusion
Adult-onset IBD was associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts. Psychological follow-up should be provided to patients with IBD, especially those with extraintestinal manifestations and elderly-onset IBD. This follow-up should be within the first year after IBD diagnosis.
Composition and Structure of Reproduction in Group Selection Openings after 20 Years in a Southern Appalachian Mixed-Hardwood Forest
Authors: McNab W Henry , Oprean Theodore M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Following harvests by even-aged methods in mixed-hardwood forests, desirable oak (Quercus spp. L.) reproduction can be quickly overtopped by shade-intolerant pioneer species. In a long-term, operational-scale study of uneven-aged management by group selection, we inventoried 10- and 20-year-old reproduction following two harvest entries in a mature, dry-mesic southern Appalachian upland hardwood stand. Our study objectives included evaluating the species composition and structure of reproduction in relation to opening size (0.05 ha to 0.41 ha), position in openings (center or edge), uneven-aged diameter structure, and evidence supporting the delayed oak dominance hypothesis. Opening size had no effect on reproduction from either entry. After 10 years (but not 20) yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) stem density and basal area were greater in opening centers; oaks were greater at edges. Position did not affect red maple (Acer rubrum L.) or other tolerant species. Diversity significantly increased between 10 and 20 years, suggesting evidence supporting the delayed oak dominance hypothesis. Early results from this study suggest that small openings can be used to regenerate desirable midtolerant and intolerant species in Appalachian mixed-hardwood stands on intermediate quality sites where uneven-aged stand structure is important for timber management and other goals such as visual appearance and early successional habitat.
Homeostatic p62 levels and inclusion body formation in CHCHD2 knockout mice
Authors: Sato Shigeto , Noda Sachiko , Torii Satoru , Amo Taku , Ikeda Aya , Funayama Manabu , Yamaguchi Junji , Fukuda Takahiro , Kondo Hiromi , Tada Norihiro , Arakawa Satoko , Watanabe Masahiko , Uchiyama Yasuo , Shimizu Shigeomi , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Inactivation of constitutive autophagy results in the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions in neurones, but the relationship between impaired autophagy and Lewy bodies (LBs) remains unknown. α-Synuclein and p62, components of LBs, are the defining characteristic of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Until now, we have analyzed mice models and demonstrated p62 aggregates derived from an autophagic defect might serve as ‘seeds’ and can potentially be a cause of LB formation. P62 may be the key molecule for aggregate formation. To understand the mechanisms of LBs, we analyzed p62 homeostasis and inclusion formation using PD model mice. In PARK22-linked PD, intrinsically disordered mutant CHCHD2 initiates Lewy pathology. To determine the function of CHCHD2 for inclusions formation, we generated Chchd2-knockout (KO) mice and characterized the age-related pathological and motor phenotypes. Chchd2 KO mice exhibited p62 inclusion formation and dopaminergic neuronal loss in an age-dependent manner. These changes were associated with a reduction in mitochondria complex activity and abrogation of inner mitochondria structure. In particular, the OPA1 proteins, which regulate fusion of mitochondrial inner membranes, were immature in the mitochondria of CHCHD2-deficient mice. CHCHD2 regulates mitochondrial morphology and p62 homeostasis by controlling the level of OPA1. Our findings highlight the unexpected role of the homeostatic level of p62, which is regulated by a non-autophagic system, in controlling intracellular inclusion body formation, and indicate that the pathologic processes associated with the mitochondrial proteolytic system are crucial for loss of DA neurones.
Relocation of an infected tracheostoma: anterior mediastinal tracheostomy as Mission:Impossible
Authors: Hartert Marc , Mann Wolf Jürgen , Senbaklavaci Ömer 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Infected tracheostomas are frequently associated with high morbidity and mortality rates—especially in patients after neck-oncological surgery with subsequent radiochemotherapy. A 59-year-old male patient with a history of hypopharynx carcinoma, successive laryngectomy and adjuvant radiochemotherapy developed an oesophagotracheal fistula with massive inflammation and periodical bleedings, uncontrollable by regular stent alternations. In a multidisciplinary setting, the decision was made to treat the patient with an anterior mediastinal tracheostomy. Extending usual anterior mediastinal tracheostomy indications, we present an ultimate treatment option for infected tracheostomas and highly advocate this interdisciplinary venture, as it significantly improves quality of life.
Post COVID-19 large pneumatocele: clinical and pathological perspectives
Authors: Hamad Abdel-Mohsen Mahmoud , El-Saka Hala Ahmed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A middle aged COVID-19 male patient presented 2 weeks after discharge with new onset of dyspnoea and desaturation. Radiological studies revealed right side pneumothorax and lower lobe cystic air space. Chest drain was inserted and on a later date the patient underwent thoracoscopic surgery where a large pneumatocele was identified. Deroofing and closure of sources of air leak were done. Histopathological examination demonstrated extensive fibrosis, intra-alveolar Haemorrhage and pneumocytes hyperplasia.
Equidistribution Results for Self-Similar Measures
Authors: Baker Simon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA well-known theorem due to Koksma states that for Lebesgue almost every $x&gt;1$ the sequence $(x^n)_{n=1}^{\infty }$ is uniformly distributed modulo one. In this paper, we give sufficient conditions for an analogue of this theorem to hold for a self-similar measure. Our approach applies more generally to sequences of the form $(f_{n}(x))_{n=1}^{\infty }$ where $(f_n)_{n=1}^{\infty }$ is a sequence of sufficiently smooth real-valued functions satisfying some nonlinearity conditions. As a corollary of our main result, we show that if $C$ is equal to the middle 3rd Cantor set and $t\geq 1$, then with respect to the natural measure on $C+t,$ for almost every $x$, the sequence $(x^n)_{n=1}^{\infty }$ is uniformly distributed modulo one.
Vascular Lesions, APOE ε4, and Tau Pathology in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Nichols Jodie B , Malek-Ahmadi Michael , Tariot Pierre N , Serrano Geidy E , Sue Lucia I , Beach Thomas G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We sought to determine the associations among cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), white matter rarefaction (WMR), circle of Willis atherosclerosis (CWA), and total microinfarct number with Braak neurofibrillary stage in postmortem individuals with and without Alzheimer disease (AD). Data from 355 cases of autopsied individuals with Braak stage I–VI who had antemortem consensus diagnoses of cognitively unimpaired (n = 183), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (n = 31), and AD dementia (n = 141) were used. The association between Braak stage and vascular lesions were individually assessed using multivariable linear regression that adjusted for age at death, APOE ε4 carrier status, sex, education, and neuritic plaque density. CAA (p = 0.007) and WMR (p &lt; 0.001) were associated with Braak stage, independent of amyloid load; microinfarct number and CWA showed no association. Analyses of the interactions between APOE ε4 carrier status and vascular lesions found that greater WMR and positive ε4 carrier status were associated with higher Braak stages. These results suggest that CAA and WMR are statistically linked to the severity of AD-related NFT pathology. The statistical link between WMR and NFT load may be strengthened by the presence of APOE ε4 carrier status. An additional finding was that Lewy body pathology was most prevalent in higher Braak stages.
IDH-Mutant Astrocytoma With Chromosome 19q13 Deletion Manifesting as an Oligodendroglioma-Like Morphology
Authors: Miyake Yohei , Fujii Keita , Nakamaura Taishi , Ikegaya Naoki , Matsushita Yuko , Gobayashi Yuko , Iwashita Hiromichi , Udaka Naoko , Kumagai Jiro , Murata Hidetoshi , Takemoto Yasunori , Yamanaka Shoji , Ichimura Koichi , Tateishi Kensuke , Yamamoto Tetsuya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Partial deletions in chromosomes 1p and 19q are found in a subset of astrocytic tumors; however, it remains unclear how these alterations affect their histological features and prognosis. Herein, we present 3 cases of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant astrocytoma with chromosome 19q13 deletion. In the first case, the primary tumor harbored an IDH1 mutation with chromosome 1p/19q partial deletions, which covered 19q13 and exhibited a durable initial response to radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) treatment. However, the tumor lost the chromosome 1p/19q partial deletions at recurrence and became resistant to TMZ. Histologically, an oligodendroglioma-like feature was found in the primary tumor but not in the recurrent tumor. Capicua transcriptional repressor (CIC), located on 19q13, was less expressed in the primary tumor but was highly expressed in the recurrent tumor. Similar histological findings were observed in 2 other astrocytic tumors with IDH1 or IDH2 mutations. These tumors also had chromosome 19q13 deletion, including the CIC gene, weakly expressed CIC, and oligodendroglioma-like morphology. These tumors recurred at 6 and 32 months, respectively. These findings suggest that IDH-mutant astrocytoma with chromosome 19q13 partial deletion, including the CIC gene, may induce an oligodendroglioma-like phenotype, but the clinical prognosis may not be similar to that of genetically defined oligodendroglioma.
TDP-43 Vasculopathy in the Spinal Cord in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (sALS) and Frontal Cortex in sALS/FTLD-TDP
Authors: Ferrer Isidro , Andrés-Benito Pol , Carmona Margarita , Assialioui Abdelilah , Povedano Mónica 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) and FTLD-TDP are neurodegenerative diseases within the spectrum of TDP-43 proteinopathies. Since abnormal blood vessels and altered blood-brain barrier have been described in sALS, we wanted to know whether TDP-43 pathology also occurs in blood vessels in sALS/FTLD-TDP. TDP-43 deposits were identified in association with small blood vessels of the spinal cord in 7 of 14 cases of sALS and in small blood vessels of frontal cortex area 8 in 6 of 11 FTLD-TDP and sALS cases, one of them carrying a GRN mutation. This was achieved using single and double-labeling immunohistochemistry, and double-labeling immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. In the sALS spinal cord, P-TDP43 Ser403-404 deposits were elongated and parallel to the lumen, whereas others were granular, seldom forming clusters. In the frontal cortex, the inclusions were granular, or elongated and parallel to the lumen, or forming small globules within or in the external surface of the blood vessel wall. Other deposits were localized in the perivascular space. The present findings are in line with previous observations of TDP-43 vasculopathy in a subset of FTLD-TDP cases and identify this pathology in the spinal cord and frontal cortex in a subset of cases within the sALS/FTLD-TDP spectrum.
Observations of a radio-bright, X-ray obscured GRS 1915+105
Authors: Motta S E , Kajava J J E , Giustini M , Williams D R A , Del Santo M , Fender R , Green D A , Heywood I , Rhodes L , Segreto A , Sivakoff G , Woudt P A 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The Galactic black hole transient GRS 1915+105 is famous for its markedly variable X-ray and radio behaviour, and for being the archetypal galactic source of relativistic jets. It entered an X-ray outburst in 1992 and has been active ever since. Since 2018 GRS 1915+105 has declined into an extended low-flux X-ray plateau, occasionally interrupted by multiwavelength flares. Here, we report the radio and X-ray properties of GRS 1915+105 collected in this new phase, and compare the recent data to historic observations. We find that while the X-ray emission remained unprecedentedly low for most of the time following the decline in 2018, the radio emission shows a clear mode change half way through the extended X-ray plateau in 2019 June: from low flux (∼3 mJy) and limited variability, to marked flaring with fluxes two orders of magnitude larger. GRS 1915+105 appears to have entered a low-luminosity canonical hard state, and then transitioned to an unusual accretion phase, characterized by heavy X-ray absorption/obscuration. Hence, we argue that a local absorber hides from the observer the accretion processes feeding the variable jet responsible for the radio flaring. The radio–X-ray correlation suggests that the current low X-ray flux state may be a signature of a super-Eddington state akin to the X-ray binaries SS433 or V404 Cyg.
High-resolution imaging follow-up of doubly imaged quasars
Authors: Shajib Anowar J , Molina Eden , Agnello Adriano , Williams Peter R , Birrer Simon , Treu Tommaso , Fassnacht Christopher D , Morishita Takahiro , Abramson Louis , Schechter Paul L , Wisotzki Lutz 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We report upon 3 years of follow-up and confirmation of doubly imaged quasar lenses through imaging campaigns from 2016 to 2018 with the Near-Infrared Camera2 (NIRC2) on the W. M. Keck Observatory. A sample of 57 quasar lens candidates are imaged in adaptive-optics-assisted or seeing-limited K′-band observations. Out of these 57 candidates, 15 are confirmed as lenses. We form a sample of 20 lenses adding in a number of previously known lenses that were imaged with NIRC2 in 2013–14 as part of a pilot study. By modelling these 20 lenses, we obtain K′-band relative photometry and astrometry of the quasar images and the lens galaxy. We also provide the lens properties and predicted time delays to aid planning of follow-up observations necessary for various astrophysical applications, e.g. spectroscopic follow-up to obtain the deflector redshifts for the newly confirmed systems. We compare the departure of the observed flux ratios from the smooth-model predictions between doubly and quadruply imaged quasar systems. We find that the departure is consistent between these two types of lenses if the modelling uncertainty is comparable.
Ethidium bromide interactions with DNA: an exploration of a classic DNA–ligand complex with unbiased molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Galindo-Murillo Rodrigo , Cheatham Thomas E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Visualization of double stranded DNA in gels with the binding of the fluorescent dye ethidium bromide has been a basic experimental technique in any molecular biology laboratory for &gt;40 years. The interaction between ethidium and double stranded DNA has been observed to be an intercalation between base pairs with strong experimental evidence. This presents a unique opportunity for computational chemistry and biomolecular simulation techniques to benchmark and assess their models in order to see if the theory can reproduce experiments and ultimately provide new insights. We present molecular dynamics simulations of the interaction of ethidium with two different double stranded DNA models. The first model system is the classic sequence d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 also known as the Drew–Dickerson dodecamer. We found that the ethidium ligand binds mainly stacked on, or intercalated between, the terminal base pairs of the DNA with little to no interaction with the inner base pairs. As the intercalation at the terminal CpG steps is relatively rapid, the resultant DNA unwinding, rigidification, and increased stability of the internal base pair steps inhibits further intercalation. In order to reduce these interactions and to provide a larger groove space, a second 18-mer DNA duplex system with the sequence d(GCATGAACGAACGAACGC) was tested. We computed molecular dynamics simulations for 20 independent replicas with this sequence, each with ∼27 μs of sampling time. Results show several spontaneous intercalation and base-pair eversion events that are consistent with experimental observations. The present work suggests that extended MD simulations with modern DNA force fields and optimized simulation codes are allowing the ability to reproduce unbiased intercalation events that we were not able to previously reach due to limits in computing power and the lack of extensively tested force fields and analysis tools.
Physical functional capacity of patients with glioma prior to adjuvant radiation: preliminary descriptive study
Authors: Dulfikar Ali , Koh Eng-Siew , Lwin Zarnie , Hovey Elizabeth , Dhillon Haryana , Arundell Jesica , Pinkham Elizabeth , Pinkham Mark B , Holland Justin , Trajano Gabriel , Naumann Fiona 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have assessed physical functioning in glioma patients with grade II, III, and IV glioma prior to undergoing adjuvant radiation with or without chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to describe the baseline physical functioning capacity of patients with glioma prior to adjuvant therapy compared to validated cutoffs required to maintain independence.MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional study that recruited patients with grade II, III, and IV glioma (n = 33) undergoing adjuvant radiation with or without chemotherapy. The six-minute walk, thirty-second sit-to-stand, and timed “Up & Go” assessments were used to describe baseline physical functioning. Perceived quality of life from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life questionnaire (QLQ-C30) version 3.0 was used to quantify the quality of life.ResultsMean distance walked in the six-minute walk test was 416.2 m (SD 137.6 m) with a mean of 12.2 stands (SD 3.4 stands) achieved during the thirty-second sit-to-stand. Median time to complete the timed “Up & Go” assessment was 7 s (interquartile range: 3 s). One-sample t tests suggest walking distance and chair stands were significantly lower than cutoff criterions to maintain independent living, t(32) = −5.96, P &lt; .001, bias-corrected accelerated 95% CI [370.7-460.4], and t(32) = −4.60, P &lt; .01, bias-corrected accelerated 95% CI [11.0-13.4], respectively. Wilcoxon signed-rank test identified significantly shorter median time taken to complete the timed “Up & Go” test compared to the cutoff criterion (z = −4.43, n = 33, P &lt; .01).ConclusionThis study suggests glioma patient’s aerobic endurance and lower limb strength are below criterion cutoffs recommended to maintain independent living. Timed “Up & Go” scores did not exceed the criterion cutoff, indicating respectable levels of mobility.
Vascularized Bone Grafts for Spinal Fusion—Part 4: The Scapula
Authors: Reece Edward M , Davis Matthew J , Abu-Ghname Amjed , Chamata Edward , Holmes Scott , Winocour Sebastian , Hansen Scott L , Xu David S , Bohl Michael A , Ropper Alexander E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Solid arthrodesis is the long-term goal of most spinal reconstruction surgeries. A multitube of biologics as well as autograft is commonly used to augment the bony fusion. Medial scapular vascularized bone grafts (S-VBGs) are a novel approach to supplement cervicothoracic arthrodesis in patients at high risk for failed fusion.

OBJECTIVE
To discuss the benefits of using a vascularized scapular graft, pedicled to the rhomboid minor, compared to both nonvascularized bone grafts and free vascularized bone grafts, as well as the surgical technique, feasibility, and nuances of the surgical experience with an S-VBG.

METHODS
The anatomic feasibility of this procedure has been established in cadaver studies. This technical note details the operative steps and presents the first surgery in which a vascularized scapular graft was used to supplement cervicothoracic arthrodesis.

RESULTS
A single patient with complex cervical deformity was successfully treated with this novel arthrodesis approach.

CONCLUSION
Vascularized scapula grafts, pedicled on the rhomboid minor, provides both structural support and a source of vascularized autograft to a cervicothoracic arthrodesis. It leverages the benefits of a free-flap bone with less operative time and morbidity.
Effects of Pulsed Radiofrequency with Different Temperature on Model Rats of Chronic Constriction Injury
Authors: Chen Xun , Dai Jianbo , Li Dan , Huang Xingliang , Ou Cehua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The treatment for neuropathic pain is still a big challenge. Pulsed radiofrequency technique has been widely used to relieve neuropathic pain in recent years. The purpose of this study is to optimize the temperature for pulsed radiofrequency therapy.

Design
Animal, experimental study.

Methods
Seventy-five male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham operation group (Sham group), chronic constriction injury group (CCI group), PRF 42°C group (P42 group), PRF 50°C group (P50 group), and PRF 60°C group (P60 group). The hindpaw withdrawal threshold (HWT), paw thermal withdrawal latency (PTWL), sciatic nerve structure, and the concentration of spinal methionine enkephalin(M-ENK) were detected to identify which temperature is the best for PRF treatment.

Results
PRF at 42°C, 50°C and 60°C significantly alleviated the pain in CCI rats. The therapeutic effects of 50°C and 60°C were similar, and both were better than 42°C. In addition, PRF using 42°C, 50°C, and 60°C mediated nerve injury to sciatic nerve were grade 1, 1, and 2, respectively. The concentration of M-ENK in spinal cord increased accompanying with the increasing of the temperature of PRF.

Conclusions
PRF using 50°C could induce less damage while achieving better improvement of mechanical and thermal pain threshold than 42°C and 60°C in CCI rats, which may be achieved by promoting the expression of M-ENK in spinal cord.