bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approaches to Modeling Bed Drag in Pine Forest Litter for Wildland Fire Applications
Authors: Mueller Eric V. , Gallagher Michael R. , Skowronski Nicholas , Hadden Rory M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractModeling flow in vegetative fuel beds is a key component in any detailed physics-based tool for simulating wildland fire dynamics. Current approaches for drag modeling, particularly those employed in multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, tend to take a relatively simple form and have been applied to a wide range of fuel structures. The suitability of these approaches has not been rigorously tested for conditions which may be encountered in a wildland fire context. Here, we focus on beds ofPinus rigidaneedle litter and undertake a two-part study to quantify the drag and evaluate the capabilities of a multiphase large eddy simulation CFD model, the NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator. In the first part, bed drag was measured in a wind tunnel under a range of conditions. The results were fit to a Forchheimer model, and the bed permeability was quantified. A traditional approach employed in the multiphase formulation was compared to the parameterized Forchheimer equation and was found to over-predict the drag by a factor of 1.2–2.5. In the second part, the development of a velocity profile above and within a discrete fuel layer was measured. Using the Forchheimer equation obtained in the first part of the study, the CFD model was able to replicate a qualitatively consistent velocity profile development. Within the fuel bed, the model appeared to under-predict the velocity magnitudes, which may be the result of unresolved pore-scale flow dynamics.
Inherited Genetic Susceptibility to Nonimmunosuppressed Epstein-Barr Virus-associated T/NK-cell Lymphoproliferative Diseases in Chinese Patients
Authors: Guan Yu-qi , Shen Ke-feng , Yang Li , Cai Hao-dong , Zhang Mei-lan , Wang Jia-chen , Long Xiao-lu , Xiong Jie , Gu Jia , Zhang Pei-ling , Xiao Min , Zhang Wei , Zhou Jian-feng 
Published: June 2021

SummaryEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases are characterized by clonal expansion of EBV-infected T or NK cells, including chronic active EBV infection of T/NK-cell type (CAEBV+T/NK), EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV+HLH), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type (ENKTL), and aggressive NK-cell leukemia (ANKL). However, the role of inherited genetic variants to EBV+T/NK-LPDs susceptibility is still unknown. A total of 171 nonimmunosuppressed patients with EBV+T/NK-LPDs and 104 healthy donors were retrospectively collected and a targeted sequencing study covering 15 genes associated with lymphocyte cytotoxicity was performed. The 94 gene variants, mostly located in UNC13D, LYST, ITK, and PRF1 genes were detected, and mutations covered 28/50 (56.00%) of CAEBV-T/NK, 31/51 (60.78%) of EBV+HLH, 13/28 (46.42%) of ENKTL, and 13/48 (27.09%) of ANKL. Most mutations represented monoallelic and missense. Three-year overall survival rate of patients with CAEBV-T/NK and EBV+HLH was significantly lower in patients with germline mutations than in those without germline mutations (P=0.0284, P=0.0137). Our study provided novel insights into understanding a spectrum of nonimmunosuppressed EBV+T/NK-LPDs with respect to genetic defects associated with lymphocyte cytotoxicity and reminded us that the gene sequencing may be an auxiliary test for diagnosis and risk stratification of EBV+T/NK-LPDs.
Assessment of glass fiber-reinforced polyester pipe powder in soil improvement
Authors: Bağriaçik Baki , Beycioğlu Ahmet , Topolinski Szymon , Akmaz Emre , Sert Sedat , Güner Esra Deniz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the use of glass fiber-reinforced polyester (GRP) pipe powder (PP) for improving the bearing capacity of sandy soils. After a series of direct share tests, the optimum PP addition for improving the bearing capacity of soils was found to be 12%. Then, using the optimum PP addition, the bearing capacity of the soil was estimated through a series of loading tests on a shallow foundation model placed in a test box. The bearing capacity of sandy soil was improved by up to 30.7%. The ratio of the depth of the PP-reinforced soil to the diameter of the foundation model (H/D) of 1.25 could sufficiently strengthen sandy soil when the optimum PP ratio was used. Microstructural analyses showed that the increase in the bearing capacity can be attributed to the chopped fibers in the PP and their multiaxial distribution in the soil. Besides improving the engineering properties of soils, using PP as an additive in soils would reduce the accumulation of the industrial waste, thus providing a twofold benefit.
Turbulence model performance for ventilation components pressure losses
Authors: Tawackolian Karsten , Kriegel Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study looks to find a suitable turbulence model for calculating pressure losses of ventilation components. In building ventilation, the most relevant Reynolds number range is between 3×104and 6×105, depending on the duct dimensions and airflow rates. Pressure loss coefficients can increase considerably for some components at Reynolds numbers below 2×105. An initial survey of popular turbulence models was conducted for a selected test case of a bend with such a strong Reynolds number dependence. Most of the turbulence models failed in reproducing this dependence and predicted curve progressions that were too flat and only applicable for higher Reynolds numbers. Viscous effects near walls played an important role in the present simulations. In turbulence modelling, near-wall damping functions are used to account for this influence. A model that implements near-wall modelling is the lag elliptic blendingk-εmodel. This model gave reasonable predictions for pressure loss coefficients at lower Reynolds numbers. Another example is the low Reynolds numberk-εturbulence model of Wilcox (LRN). The modification uses damping functions and was initially developed for simulating profiles such as aircraft wings. It has not been widely used for internal flows such as air duct flows. Based on selected reference cases, the three closure coefficients of the LRN model were adapted in this work to simulate ventilation components. Improved predictions were obtained with new coefficients (LRNM model). This underlined that low Reynolds number effects are relevant in ventilation ductworks and give first insights for suitable turbulence models for this application. Both the lag elliptic blending model and the modified LRNM model predicted the pressure losses relatively well for the test case where the other tested models failed.
Children’s Imaginaries of Robots for Playing With
Authors: Ríos Rincón Adriana Maria , Rodríguez-Dueñas William Ricardo , Quiroga Torres Daniel Alejandro , Bohórquez Andrés Felipe , Miguel-Cruz Antonio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChildren with severe motor impairment due to cerebral palsy have difficulties engaging in play, although they want to play games that typically developing children play. The barriers imposed by motor impairments against engaging in play can be addressed through the use of robots. We aim to identify how children, who have extensive experience of play, imagine what a robot is and what features would make a robot good to play with. Using a qualitative description design, 19 children from urban and rural settings participated in focus groups to draw and talk about the robots they would like to exist. The data were coded and analyzed using a summative approach to content analysis. The findings revealed that the children imagined that a good robot to play with is one that has an anthropomorphic appearance, is tough and strong, has controls, and that is able to move, grab, speak, and play popular children’s games. In particular, the girls imagined that robots should be able to express positive emotions towards children. Age, gender, culture, and the physical environment in which the children lived influenced what they expected to find in a robot for playing with and how they imagined child–robot interactions.
Multi-task Pruning via Filter Index Sharing: A Many-Objective Optimization Approach
Authors: Cheng Hanjing , Wang Zidong , Ma Lifeng , Liu Xiaohui , Wei Zhihui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractState-of-the-art deep neural network plays an increasingly important role in artificial intelligence, while the huge number of parameters in networks brings high memory cost and computational complexity. To solve this problem, filter pruning is widely used for neural network compression and acceleration. However, existing algorithms focus mainly on pruning single model, and few results are available to multi-task pruning that is capable of pruning multi-model and promoting the learning performance. By utilizing the filter sharing technique, this paper aimed to establish a multi-task pruning framework for simultaneously pruning and merging filters in multi-task networks. An optimization problem of selecting the important filters is solved by developing a many-objective optimization algorithm where three criteria are adopted as objectives for the many-objective optimization problem. With the purpose of keeping the network structure, an index matrix is introduced to regulate the information sharing during multi-task training. The proposed multi-task pruning algorithm is quite flexible that can be performed with either adaptive or pre-specified pruning rates. Extensive experiments are performed to verify the applicability and superiority of the proposed method on both single-task and multi-task pruning.
Professional Development in Arts Education for Early Childhood Education: A Creative Exchange Model
Authors: Hayes Nóirín , Maguire Jacqueline , O’Sullivan Carmel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper reports a model for professional development for early childhood arts education. The research delivered a co-mentoring programme between early years teachers and artists, which applied a process of ‘creative exchange’, in which across a period of 2 years, 12 educators and two teaching artists participated. Common principles underpinning early childhood education and arts education include recognition of the critical role of early experiences and relationships and quality learning opportunities as foundations for positive child development. Using these common principles, early childhood educators and artists worked together as equals to provide an enriched early learning environment with improved use of space and materials in an atmosphere of “unhurried time”. Themes in the evaluation of the professional outcomes for educators and artists included increased engagement with the arts; changes in pedagogy; building relationships between artists and educators; and the importance of making time for reflection and planning. The creative exchange process led to positive changes in practice and strengthened understandings, for both educators and artists, of the capabilities of young children.
Risk assessment of pollution with heavy metals in water and fish from River Nile, Egypt
Authors: Ghannam Hala E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the level of contamination with metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Pb) in the Nile River at the great Cairo region. Samples of water and fish were collected seasonally from different sites along the investigated area. Physical and chemical parameters of the studied water samples such as temperature, transparency, electrical conductivity, pH, BOD, and COD were measured. In aquatic ecosystems, heavy metal concentrations are monitored by detecting some indices like water pollution indices (WPI) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF). The results clarified that Fe, Pb, and Mn concentrations in water exceed the allowed limits set by WHO, 2011 in all sites while Cu and Zn are in allowed limits. While in fish muscle Fe and Cu are within the permissible limits set by FAO, 1992, but Mn, Zn and Pb exceed the limits. Some of the metals like Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn are essential for animals and plants while many other like Pb, Cd, Cr and Co are classed as nonessential metals. All values of HI were below 1 except for Pb in case of habitual fish eaters that give alarm to fish consumer.
Where are we now? Emerging opportunities and challenges in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ketteler Markus , Ambühl Patrice 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rising levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not on dialysis and are associated with an elevated risk of morbidity (including progression to dialysis) and mortality. However, there are several challenges for the clinical management of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in this population. While no recognised target level for PTH currently exists, it is accepted that patients with non-dialysis CKD should receive early and regular monitoring of PTH from CKD stage G3a. However, studies indicate that adherence to monitoring recommendations in non-dialysis CKD may be suboptimal. SHPT is linked to vitamin D [25(OH)D] insufficiency in non-dialysis CKD, and correction of low 25(OH)D levels is a recognised management approach. A second challenge is that target 25(OH)D levels are unclear in this population, with recent evidence suggesting that the level of 25(OH)D above which suppression of PTH progressively diminishes may be considerably higher than that recommended for the general population. Few therapeutic agents are licensed for use in non-dialysis CKD patients with SHPT and optimal management remains controversial. Novel approaches include the development of calcifediol in an extended-release formulation, which has been shown to increase 25(OH)D gradually and provide a physiologically-regulated increase in 1,25(OH)2D that can reliably lower PTH in CKD stage G3–G4 without clinically meaningful increases in serum calcium and phosphate levels. Additional studies would be beneficial to assess the comparative effects of available treatments, and to more clearly elucidate the overall benefits of lowering PTH in non-dialysis CKD, particularly in terms of hard clinical outcomes.

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Community-Based Interventions for the Treatment and Management of Conflict-Related Trauma in Low-Middle Income, Conflict-Affected Countries: a Realist Review
Authors: Al-Tamimi Saleh Adel G. A. , Leavey Gerard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhere low- and middle-income countries have limited economic resources to provide individualized mental health services to people exposed to conflict, community-based interventions may be more appropriate. We aimed to evaluate community level interventions for improving mental health outcomes in Low- and Middle-income countries (LMIC). A realist review of community-based interventions (CBIs) to improve mental health for people in LMIC following conflict. Five databases (Cochrane, PubMed, PsychINFO, Medline, and CINAHL) and a manual search of individual papers. We found 1318 articles, of which 29 were selected. Out of the 29 primary articles, 19 showed successful results, 4 showed mixed results, 1 showed inconclusive results, and 1 showed unsuccessful results. After analyzing the results, we found 3 mechanisms that may influence the effectiveness of these CBIs: the use of lay community members as intervention deliverers, the application of transdiagnostic approaches, and customized outcome assessment tools. Community-based approaches to improve mental health in LMICs are rare and evidence for their effectiveness is limited. Interventions that have a wide scope, train lay mental health workers, and use contextually adapted outcome assessment tools show promise.
Representing the Unseen with “Our Journey”: a Platform to Capture Affective Experiences and Support Emotional Awareness in University-Level Study
Authors: Coughlan Tim , Lister Kate , Lucassen Mathijs 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStudent mental health is a critical issue that institutions are struggling to tackle proactively. The wellbeing of students is largely invisible to institutions unless specific mental health conditions are diagnosed and disclosed. In comparison to the importance placed on academic aspects, the affective experiences of education throughout the study journeys of students are rarely acknowledged. Approaches for students to develop emotional awareness, through which they learn to understand and manage their emotions, are limited. In this article, we describe the design and evaluation ofOur Journey, a platform for students to represent their study journeys through describing the events and emotions they experience. The conceptual and user experience design of the platform was derived from participatory activities with students and staff and has been further refined via several physical and online iterations. In this paper, we report findings from an exploratory pilot trial ofOur Journeywith 54 students studying for a range of qualifications at an online learning institution. Through an analysis of the journeys that the students produced and a post-trial survey, we found thatOur Journeycan support representations of emotional awareness in relation to study events which prompted students to reflect on important aspects of their study and personal development. The design and use of the platform have also prompted important considerations around how emotion is represented, as well as how the privacy and ownership of these representations of personal experiences can be managed to support students and institutions to potentially benefit from novel tools such asOur Journey.
Culture and Sexual Medicine: A Road Map for Clinical Inquiry and Practice
Authors: Bober Sharon L. , Chevalier Lydia L. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTAs the field of sexual medicine continues to grow, there has been increasing attention to the importance of the sociocultural components of the biopsychosocial model. Although important in all medical practice, culture and sexual health are particularly entwined, so engaging with sociocultural aspects of the patient experience as part of evaluation and treatment is necessary to optimize patient outcomes in this field. We invite clinicians to consider the importance of sexual health literacy, cultural humility, and support for patient volition as key aspects of moving care towards a model that embraces all aspects of the biopsychosocial model. The aim of the current paper is to provide readers with concrete steps and illustrative examples to help guide this process.
Construction of Socio-Legal Dignity for Old Persons: Narrative Perspectives from Taiwan
Authors: Shee Amy Huey-Ling 
Published: June 2021

AbstractContemporary laws have been responding to the challenges of ageing societies. Elder people have gradually become a special, if not disadvantaged, social group to be protected, cared for, and even censored by law in the name of protection. The UN has long discussed a Convention to protect the distinctive human rights of old persons while invoking the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities to protect the dignity of senior citizens. Under national laws, adult-guardianship, welfare, and medical laws are strengthened in the name of better elder care, yet forcing old people to give up the freedom and autonomy that they have enjoyed throughout adulthood. This paper thus argues for the socio-legal construction of “elderhood” to respond to the special needs of senior citizens to maintain individual dignity. By observing narrative accounts of elders in care, socio-legal images of Taiwan elderhood may be presented for analyses. A proposal is then made to suggest the socio-legal construction of the individual dignity of elder people.
COVID-19 Vaccination: crucial roles and opportunities for the mental health professionals
Authors: Banerjee Debanjan , Mukhopadhyay Sanchari , Sahana Asmeen Mariam , Javed Afzal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Besides addressing the increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders, social challenges, and building community resilience during the crisis, mental health professionals (MHPs) are in a unique position to assist the vaccination drive against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in various nations. Vaccination programs are adversely affected by misinformation, fake news and vaccine hesitancy fuelled by social media. MHPs can enable this vital public health strategy by prioritizing vaccination for individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) and substance use disorders, promote awareness and public education, debunk misinformation and integrate psychosocial care into the vaccination drives. In order to target the health inequity and discrimination faced by people with SMI coupled with their additional risks, the authors urge the global mental health fraternity to tailor these crucial roles with respect to COVID-19 vaccination based on the regional needs and contexts.
Satellite-derived dry-snow line as an indicator of the local climate on the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Zhou Chunxia , Liu Yong , Zheng Lei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent regional cooling has impacted the natural systems of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP); however, little is known concerning the changes in the high parts of the glacial systems. Dry-snow line (DSL), situated in the high parts of glaciers, is the uppermost limit of frequent or occasional surface melt. We analyse dry-snow line altitude (DSLA) changes on the AP during 2004–2020 using C-band synthetic aperture radar time series data. We demonstrate that the DSLA in the eastern part of the AP is usually higher than that of the western part. Moreover, using simulated climatic variables from regional climate models, the lowering in altitude of DSL of glaciers in most areas is identified as a response to a decrease in snowmelt and an increase in precipitation. Furthermore, correlation analyses between simulated climatic variables and the DSLA are conducted. These results present the sensitive response of variations in DSLA to meteorological conditions, and the capability of DSLA being a proxy of polar local climate in high-altitude areas with no in situ meteorological observations.