bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint effects of climate, tree size, and year on annual tree growth derived from tree‐ring records of ten globally distributed forests
Authors: Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina J. , Herrmann Valentine , Rollinson Christine R. , Gonzalez Bianca , Gonzalez‐Akre Erika B. , Pederson Neil , Alexander M. Ross , Allen Craig D. , Alfaro‐Sánchez Raquel , Awada Tala , Baltzer Jennifer L. , Baker Patrick J. , Birch Joseph D. , Bunyavejchewin Sarayudh , Cherubini Paolo , Davies Stuart J. , Dow Cameron , Helcoski Ryan , Kašpar Jakub , Lutz James A. , Margolis Ellis Q. , Maxwell Justin T. , McMahon Sean M. , Piponiot Camille , Russo Sabrina E. , Šamonil Pavel , Sniderhan Anastasia E. , Tepley Alan J. , Vašíčková Ivana , Vlam Mart , Zuidema Pieter A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTree rings provide an invaluable long‐term record for understanding how climate and other drivers shape tree growth and forest productivity. However, conventional tree‐ring analysis methods were not designed to simultaneously test effects of climate, tree size, and other drivers on individual growth. This has limited the potential to test ecologically relevant hypotheses on tree growth sensitivity to environmental drivers and their interactions with tree size. Here, we develop and apply a new method to simultaneously model nonlinear effects of primary climate drivers, reconstructed tree diameter at breast height (DBH), and calendar year in generalized least squares models that account for the temporal autocorrelation inherent to each individual tree's growth. We analyze data from 3811 trees representing 40 species at 10 globally distributed sites, showing that precipitation, temperature, DBH, and calendar year have additively, and often interactively, influenced annual growth over the past 120 years. Growth responses were predominantly positive to precipitation (usually over ≥3‐month seasonal windows) and negative to temperature (usually maximum temperature, over ≤3‐month seasonal windows), with concave‐down responses in 63% of relationships. Climate sensitivity commonly varied with DBH (45% of cases tested), with larger trees usually more sensitive. Trends in ring width at small DBH were linked to the light environment under which trees established, but basal area or biomass increments consistently reached maxima at intermediate DBH. Accounting for climate and DBH, growth rate declined over time for 92% of species in secondary or disturbed stands, whereas growth trends were mixed in older forests. These trends were largely attributable to stand dynamics as cohorts and stands age, which remain challenging to disentangle from global change drivers. By providing a parsimonious approach for characterizing multiple interacting drivers of tree growth, our method reveals a more complete picture of the factors influencing growth than has previously been possible.
Windows of opportunity: Ocean warming shapes temperature‐sensitive epigenetic reprogramming and gene expression across gametogenesis and embryogenesis in marine stickleback
Authors: Fellous Alexandre , Wegner K. Mathias , John Uwe , Mark Felix C. , Shama Lisa N. S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRapid climate change is placing many marine species at risk of local extinction. Recent studies show that epigenetic mechanisms (e.g. DNA methylation, histone modifications) can facilitate both within and transgenerational plasticity to cope with changing environments. However, epigenetic reprogramming (erasure and re‐establishment of epigenetic marks) during gamete and early embryo development may hinder transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Most of our knowledge about reprogramming stems from mammals and model organisms, whereas the prevalence and extent of reprogramming among non‐model species from wild populations is rarely investigated. Moreover, whether reprogramming dynamics are sensitive to changing environmental conditions is not well known, representing a key knowledge gap in the pursuit to identify mechanisms underlying links between parental exposure to changing climate patterns and environmentally adapted offspring phenotypes. Here, we investigated epigenetic reprogramming (DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation) and gene expression across gametogenesis and embryogenesis of marine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) under three ocean warming scenarios (ambient, +1.5 and +4°C). We found that parental acclimation to ocean warming led to dynamic and temperature‐sensitive reprogramming throughout offspring development. Both global methylation/hydroxymethylation and expression of genes involved in epigenetic modifications were strongly and differentially affected by the increased warming scenarios. Comparing transcriptomic profiles from gonads, mature gametes and early embryonic stages showed sex‐specific accumulation and temperature sensitivity of several epigenetic actors. DNA methyltransferase induction was primarily maternally inherited (suggesting maternal control of remethylation), whereas induction of several histone‐modifying enzymes was shaped by both parents. Importantly, massive, temperature‐specific changes to the epigenetic landscape occurred in blastula, a critical stage for successful embryo development, which could, thus, translate to substantial consequences for offspring phenotype resilience in warming environments. In summary, our study identified key stages during gamete and embryo development with temperature‐sensitive reprogramming and epigenetic gene regulation, reflecting potential ‘windows of opportunity’ for adaptive epigenetic responses under future climate change.
Diversity of ground‐dwelling ants across three severely threatened South American subtropical forests: are diversity patterns influenced by spatial or climatic variables?
Authors: Calcaterra Luis A. , Chifflet Lucila , Cuezzo Fabiana , Sánchez‐Restrepo Andrés F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial distribution of species sheds light on the biogeographical history, offers clues to the drivers of biodiversity and helps guide conservation strategies. In southern South America, Andean, Chaco and Atlantic forests drastically decreased their coverage in the last decades mainly by changes in land use.Ants represent an excellent model for macro‐ecological studies that support evidence‐based management policies. Unfortunately, little is known about ant distribution, diversity patterns and drivers in the southernmost portion of these three biomes.We surveyed ground‐dwelling ants using baits and leaf‐litter sieves in 38 sites across these subtropical forests in Argentina. We analysed ant species richness, turnover and composition within and between forests, and whether spatial and climatic variables explain diversity patterns.We collected 161 species belonging to 38 genera. The Atlantic forest had the highest cumulative species richness (91 species), followed by the Chaco (60) and Andean (52) forests. Neither mean species richness nor beta diversity differed significantly between forests, though both indicators tended to increase from west to east.Seven spatial and climatic variables differentiated forests. Aridity index, and variables associated with seasonal rainfall, moderately influenced a tendency to increase species richness from west to east.We identified five shared species between the Andean and Atlantic forests, which are candidates to test biogeographic hypotheses. The high level of species replacement across and among forests resulted in unique assemblages (with at least 29 species that seem to be exclusive to one forest), indicating the importance of conserving the biodiversity of the three forests.
Metabolites of the Soy Sauce Koji Making with Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Hu Wenkang , Liu Zeping , Fu Bin , Zhang Xiaolong , Qi Yonggang , Hu Yong , Wang Chao , Li Dongsheng , Xu Ning 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKoji making comprises multi‐microbial interactions and is an important part of soy sauce production. The aim of this study was to determine interactions and investigate metabolites in koji by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q/TOF‐MS). Differential metabolites between groups of single strain (Aspergillus oryzae) and mixed strains (Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae) koji making were screened and identified using an untargeted metabolomics approach to evaluate microbial interaction. A. oryzae was the dominant strain in koji mixed fermentation. Growth of both fungal species occurred rapidly during the initial 24 h of fermentation and then stabilised. Inoculation of A. niger led to changes in the contents of dipeptides, flavonoids, unsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, phenols and indoles in koji. These differences could be attributed to glycerophospholipid and glycerolipid m4etabolism, as well as to pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis of A. niger.
Sequential Fermentation with Torulapora delbrueckii and selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae for aroma enhancement of Longyan dry white Wine
Authors: Wang Suwen , Lu Yao , Fu Xiaofang , Wang Meiqi , Wang Wenxiu , Wang Jie , Wang Huanxiang , Liu Yaqiong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn order to evaluate the effects of yeast starter on the quality and flavour profile of Longyan dry white wine, pure fermentation and sequential fermentation of selected Torulaspora delbrueckii and selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae (VL2, DELTA, X5) were performed in industrial‐scale fermentation of this work. Compared with pure fermentation, sequential fermentation improved the fermentative aroma concentrations, especially the treatment of T. delbrueckii/DELTA increased the content of ethyl butyrate, ethyl caprylate and ethyl decanoate, which may be related to a strong citrus fruity aroma. Principal component analysis revealed a significant difference in aromatic feature of co‐fermentation of T. delbrueckii/DELTA and T. delbrueckii/VL2 from their respective pure fermentation. These may be related to amino acid metabolism and further affected the formation of volatile compounds according to correlation analysis. Overall, sequential fermentation using DELTA and T. delbrueckii strengthened the aroma characteristics and improved the complex of wines. It will provide a new strategy to regulate the flavour and improve the quality of Longyan dry white wine.
Estimating the burden of adult hospital admissions due to RSV and other respiratory pathogens in England
Authors: Sharp Ashley , Minaji Mehdi , Panagiotopoulos Nikolaos , Reeves Rachel , Charlett Andre , Pebody Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common seasonal respiratory virus and an important cause of illness among infants, but the burden of RSV disease is not well described among the older population. The objective of this study was to estimate the age‐specific incidence of hospital admission among over 65 s due to respiratory illnesses attributable to RSV in England to inform optimal vaccine and therapeutic interventions.We used linear multiple regression to examine the effect of changes in weekly counts of respiratory pathogens on the weekly counts of respiratory hospital admissions. The study population was all patients aged 65 years or over admitted to English hospitals between 2nd August 2010 and 30th July 2017.RSV was estimated to account for a seasonal annual average of 71 (95% CI 52–90) respiratory admissions per 100 000 in adults age 65–74 and 251 (95% CI 186–316) admissions per 100,000 adults age 75+. Pneumococcus was the pathogen responsible for highest annual average respiratory admission with 448 (95% CI 310–587) admissions per 100,000 adults age 65–74 and 1010 (95% CI 527–1493) admissions per 100,000 adults aged 75+.This study shows that RSV continues to exert a significant burden of disease among older adults in England. These findings will support development of policy for the use of RSV therapeutics and vaccines in this age group.
Relationship between surgeon volume and the risk of deep surgical site infection (DSSI) following open reduction and internal fixation of displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fracture
Authors: Qin Shiji , Zhu Yanbin , Meng Hongyu , Zhang Junzhe , Li Junyong , Zhao Kuo , Zhang Yingze , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is well established that the postoperative results were affected by the surgeon volume in a variety of elective and emergent orthopaedic surgeries; however, by far, no evidences have been available as for surgically treated displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs). We aimed at investigating the relationship between surgeon volume and deep surgical site infection (DSSI) following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of DIACFs. This was a further analysis of prospectively collected data from a validated database. Patients with DIACFs stabilised by ORIF between 2016 and 2019 were identified. Surgeon volume was defined as the number of surgically treated calcaneal fractures within one calendar year and was dichotomised based on the optimal cut‐off value. The outcome measure was DSSI within 1 year postoperatively. Multivariate logistics regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship, adjusting for confounders. Among 883 patients, 19 (2.2%) were found to have a DSSI. The DSSI incidence was 6.5% in surgeons with a low volume (<6/year), 5.5 times as that in those with a high volume (≥6/year) (incidence rate, 1.2%; P < 0.001). The multivariate analyses showed a low volume <6/year was associated with a 5.8‐fold increased risk of DSSI (95% confidence interval, 2.2‐16.5, P < 0.001). This value slightly increased after multiple sensitivity analyses, with statistical significances still unchanged (OR range, 6.6‐6.9; P ≤ 0.001). The inverse relationship indicates a need for at least six cases/year for a surgeon to substantially reduce the DSSIs following the ORIF of DIACFs.
Independent nurse medication provision: A mixed method study assessing impact on patients' experience, processes, and costs in sexual health clinics
Authors: Black Adam , Courtenay Molly , Norton Christine , Dean Franklin Bryony , Murrells Trevor , Gage Heather 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundLocal services in the United Kingdom National Health Service enable autonomous provision of medication by nurses, supporting individual nurses to gain prescribing qualifications or by introducing local patient group directions.AimTo compare nurse prescribing and patient group directions about clinic processes, patients' experiences, and costs from the perspectives of providers, nurses, and patients.DesignMixed methods, comparative case study in five urban sexual health services in the United Kingdom.MethodsData were collected from nurse prescribers, patient group direction users and their patients July 2015 to December 2016. Nurse questionnaires explored training (funding and methods). Nurses recorded consultation durations and support from other professionals in clinical diaries. Patient notes were reviewed to explore medication provision, appropriateness and safety; errors were judged by an expert panel. Patients completed satisfaction questionnaires about consultations and information about medications.ResultsTwenty‐eight nurse prescribers and 67 patient group directions users took part; records of 1682 consultations were reviewed, with 1357 medications prescribed and 98.5% therapeutically appropriate. Most medication decisions were deemed safe (96.0% nurse prescribers, 98.7% patient group directions, Fisher's Exact Test p = .55). Errors were predominantly minor (55.6% nurse prescribers, 62.4% patient group directions) and related to documentation omissions (78.0%); no patients were harmed. Consultation durations and unplanned re‐consultations were similar for both groups. Nurse prescribers sought assistance from colleagues less frequently (chi‐squared = 46.748, df = 1, p < .001) but spent longer discussing cases. Nurse prescribing training required more resources from providers and nurses, compared with patient group directions. Nurse prescribers were on higher salary bands. Patient satisfaction was high in both groups (>96%).ConclusionsNurse medication provision by both nurse prescribers and patient group direction users is safe and associated with high patient satisfaction; effects on clinic processes and costs are similar. Undertaking the prescribing qualification involves independent study but may bring longer‐term career progression to nurses.
Prolactin and endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer: The next potential hope for breast cancer treatment
Authors: Li Yuan , Kong Xiangyi , Xuan Lixue , Wang Zhongzhao , Huang Yen‐Hua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBreast cancer, a hormone‐dependent tumour, generally includes four molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2 enriched and triple‐negative) based on oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2. Multiple hormones in the body regulate the development of breast cancer. Endocrine therapy is one of the primary treatments for hormone‐receptor‐positive breast cancer, but endocrine resistance is the primary clinical cause of treatment failure. Prolactin (PRL) is a protein hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, mainly promoting mammary gland growth, stimulating and maintaining lactation. Previous studies suggest that high PRL levels can increase the risk of invasive breast cancer in women. The expression levels of PRL and PRLR in breast cancer cells and breast cancer tissues are elevated in most ER+ and ER− tumours. PRL activates downstream signalling pathways and affects endocrine therapy resistance by combining with prolactin receptor (PRLR). In this review, we illustrated and summarized the correlations between endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer and PRL, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical practices. The study on PRL and its receptor would help explore reversing endocrine therapy‐resistance for breast cancer.
Axes of multivariate sexual signal divergence among incipient species: Concordance with selection, genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity
Authors: Oh Kevin P. , Shaw Kerry L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSexual signalling traits are often observed to diverge rapidly among populations, thereby playing a potentially key early role in the evolution of reproductive isolation. While often assumed to reflect divergent sexual selection among populations, patterns of sexual trait diversification might sometimes be biased along axes of standing additive genetic variation and covariation among trait components. Additionally, theory predicts that environmentally induced phenotypic variation might facilitate rapid trait evolution, suggesting that patterns of divergence between populations should mirror phenotypic plasticity within populations. Here, we evaluate the concordance between observed axes of multivariate sexual trait divergence and predicted divergence based on (1) interpopulation variation in sexual selection, (2) additive genetic variances and (3) temperature‐related phenotypic plasticity in male courtship song among geographically isolated populations of the Hawaiian swordtail cricket, Laupala cerasina, which exhibit sexual isolation due acoustic signalling traits. The major axis of multivariate divergence, dmax, accounted for 76% of variation among population male song trait means and was moderately correlated with interpopulation differences in directional sexual selection based on female preferences. However, the majority of additive genetic variance was largely oriented away from the direction of divergence, suggesting that standing genetic variation may not play a dominant role in the patterning of signal divergence. In contrast, the axis of phenotypic plasticity strongly mirrored patterns of interpopulation phenotypic divergence, which is consistent with a role for temperature‐related plasticity in facilitating instead of inhibiting male song evolution and sexual isolation in these incipient species. We propose potential mechanisms by which sexual selection might interact with phenotypic plasticity to facilitate the rapid acoustic diversification observed in this species and clade.
The Craft of Generalism clinical skills and attitudes for whole person care
Authors: Lynch Johanna M. , van Driel Mieke , Meredith Pamela , Stange Kurt C. , Getz Linn , Reeve Joanne , Miller William L. , Dowrick Christopher 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesGeneralists manage a broad range of biomedical and biographical knowledge as part of each clinical encounter, often in multiple encounters over time. The sophistication of this broad integrative work is often misunderstood by those schooled in reductionist or constructivist approaches to evidence. There is a need to describe the practical and philosophically robust ways that understanding about the whole person is formed. In this paper we describe first principles of generalist approaches to knowledge formation in clinical practice. We name the Craft of Generalism.MethodsThe newly described methodology of Transdisciplinary Generalism is examined by skilled generalist clinicians and translated into skills and attitudes useful for everyday generalist person‐centred practice and research.ResultsThe Craft of Generalism defines the required scope, process, priorities, and knowledge management skills of all generalists seeking to care for the whole person. These principles are Whole Person Scope, Relational Process, Healing Orientation, and Integrative Wisdom. These skills and attitudes are required for whole person care. If any element of these first principles is left out, the resultant knowledge is incomplete and philosophically incoherent.ConclusionsNaming the Craft of Generalism defines the generalist gaze and protects generalism from the colonization of a narrowed medical gaze that excludes all but reductionist evidence or constructivist experience. Defining the Craft of Generalism enables clear teaching of the sophisticated skills and attitudes of the generalist clinician. These philosophically robust principles encourage and defend the use of generalist approaches to knowledge in settings across the community – including health policy, education, and research.
Dynamics of cell death across growth stages and the diel cycle in the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis
Authors: Gao Yida , Erdner Deana L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that programmed cell death (PCD) can play a role in stress‐induced decline and termination of harmful algal blooms. However, components of the PCD cascade, i.e. reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase‐like activity, have also been observed in the absence of exogenous stress, where their activities and functions remain unclear. Here, we characterized the variability of prevalence of cell death, ROS, and caspase‐like activity at different growth phases and diel cycles in cultures of dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. Results show that ROS percentages increased with culture age and fluctuated in a phasing diel pattern, while caspase‐like activity was observed throughout growth. In actively growing K. brevis cells, PCD components may be involved in key metabolic processes, while in stationary phase they may relate to stress acclimation. The circadian diel pattern of ROS may be explained by the balance between the metabolic generation of ROS and circadian rhythmicity of antioxidant enzymes. Overall, this work highlights not only the involvement of PCD components in the growth of marine phytoplankton, but the importance of understanding mechanisms controlling their accumulation, which would help to better interpret their presence in the field.