bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Born Dying
Authors: Campbell Courtney S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the existential and ethical questions raised by care for infants born with life-threatening physiological impairments. The parental narratives of infants born dying present unique illustrations of how The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) convictions of the revealed reality—including the salvific value of embodied life, parental commitment and autonomy, the eternal family relationship, and medical futility—influence medical decisions regarding life endings at the beginnings of life. These convictions support a narrative that can run contrary to the progressive and vitalistic impulse of biomedicine: children who die prior to accountability have already displayed their faithfulness in the pre-mortal life and do not need the trials for mortal life for their eternal progress. These convictions enable parents to re-story their experience of tragedy into a quest for blessing.
Conserving the Oceans
Authors: Alger Justin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Conserving the Oceans: The Politics of Large Marine Protected Areas documents the efforts of activists and states to increase the pace and scale of global ocean protections, leading to a new global norm in ocean conservation of large marine protected areas (MPAs) exceeding 200,000 km2. Through an analysis of domestic political economies, the book explains how states have protected millions of square kilometers of ocean space while remaining highly responsive to the interests of businesses. It argues that states design environmental policies above all around two key features of a given space: (1) the composition of extractive versus non-extractive industry interests; and (2) the salience of various industry interests, defined as the degree to which businesses would suffer tangible and significant costs in response to new environmental regulations. Through an analysis of large MPA advocacy campaigns in Australia, Palau, and the US, this book demonstrates how the political economy of a given marine space shapes how governments align their environmental and economic goals, sometimes strengthening conservation but more often than not undermining it. While recognizing important global progress and growing ambition to conserve ocean ecosystems, Conserving the Oceans demonstrates that even ambitious large MPAs have so far not fundamentally challenged a neoliberal paradigm of environmentalism that has caused considerable ecological harm.
Imagined Audiences
Authors: Nelson Jacob L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The news industry faces profound financial instability and public distrust. Many believe the solution to these ongoing crises is for journalists to improve their relationship with their audiences. This raises important questions: How do journalists conceptualize their audiences in the first place? What is the connection between what journalists think about their audiences and what they do to reach them? Perhaps most important, how aligned are these “imagined” audiences with the real ones? Imagined Audiences draws on ethnographic case studies of three news organizations to show how journalists’ assumptions about their audiences shape their approaches to their audiences. In doing so, it examines the role that audiences traditionally have played in journalism, how that role has changed, and what those changes mean for both the profession and the public. It concludes by drawing on audience studies research to compare journalism’s “imagined” audiences with actual observations of news audience behavior. The result is a comprehensive study of both news production and reception at a time when the connection between the two has grown more important than ever.
When Data and Intuition Converge
Authors: Nelson Jacob L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
How is it that, in an age of sophisticated audience data, there continue to be widespread uncertainty and inconsistency throughout the news industry surrounding what people want and expect from news? This chapter explores this question by examining the relationship of journalists with audience measurement data. While the previous chapter examined the differences within journalism’s imagined audiences, this chapter explores the origins of journalism’s imagined audiences. In doing so, it identifies the way these differences emerge—and, more importantly, how they persist—in an increasingly data-driven news culture. The author’s overarching argument is that audience measurement data are neither as straightforward nor comprehensive as the discourse surrounding them suggests. Instead, these data continue to leave ample room for interpretation, and the interpretations vary from one journalist to the next.
Europe’s Migration Experience and Its Effects on Economic Inequality
Authors: Guzi Martin , Kahanec Martin , Ulceluse Magdalena M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides the historical context for the past half-century in Europe, focusing specifically on the link between migration and economic development and inequality. The literature review suggests that there are several channels through which migration affects economic inequality between countries in one or the other direction, and it may decrease inequality within countries. The net effects are an open empirical question and are likely to depend on the institutional and policy context, sources and destinations of migration, and its type. The authors undertake an empirical analysis and find that immigration has contributed to reducing inequality within the 25 European Union (EU) countries over the 2003–2017 period. As the EU has attracted mostly high-skilled immigrants throughout this period, the authors’ results are consistent with the ameliorating effect of high-skilled migration on within-country inequality, as predicted by theory.
Not Such a Good Friday for Alaska
Authors: Goff James , Dudley Walter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents a selection of amazing true stories collected through first-time video interviews covering the areas of Seward, Valdez, Cordova, Kodiak, Whittier, and other sites that were the hardest hit by the devastating 1964 Great Alaskan earthquake and tsunami, the second largest earthquake ever recorded. The chapter presents the story of a family hearing the tsunami coming and climbing onto a rooftop that they would ride upslope into the forest and survive. It also provides an account of the waves rolling into Seward and crushing huge oil tanks, with the water covered with oil catching fire and turning into a flaming tsunami. Stories of native fishermen at sea observing strange behavior by marine animals and even cows on Kodiak Island heading up into pasture following the earthquake only to be killed by the tsunami 30 minutes later after they had returned downhill are presented.
The Consensus Tigurinus (1549)
Authors: Bierma Lyle D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter Abstract: This chapter explores the fourth phase of development in Calvin’s doctrine of baptismal efficacy by examining the Consensus Tigurinus (Zurich Consensus, 1549), an agreement between Calvin and Bullinger on the doctrine of the sacraments. Scholars such as Davis and Janse have argued that this document represented a triumph for Bullinger and a full retreat by Calvin. However, in a careful analysis of seventeen of the twenty-six articles in the Consensus, the chapter concludes that although Calvin might have wished to phrase things differently at times or to retain some of his typical vocabulary, all the major themes, and sometimes the very language, of these articles can be found in his earlier writings. Conversely, all the major themes in his earlier writings that were related to the sacraments in general and to baptism in particular appear again in some form in the Consensus Tigurinus.
God’s Ethics: A Workaround?
Authors: Ekstrom Laura W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter engages with a recent book by Mark Murphy in which he argues that a correct understanding of the ethics of a perfect being renders arguments from evil for atheism effectively defanged. Murphy contends that God’s baseline attitude toward human persons is indifference and, indeed, that it is consistent with the nature of God for God to allow evils to befall rational and sentient creatures for no reason whatsoever. To the contrary, this chapter argues that God counts as an absolutely perfect being only if by God’s very nature God is such that God cares for the rational and sentient creatures in existence and prevents us from suffering pointlessly. In support of this view, the author delineates two arguments, thus defending the conception of God as essentially perfectly morally good. In light of an appropriate conception of God’s ethics, the argument from evil retains its power.
Stories of the Women, Peace and Security Agenda
Authors: Shepherd Laura J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
After introducing the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda, this chapter offers a brief discussion of the political significance of stories and storytelling, drawing on narrative theory. This is followed by a brief elaboration of the ethics and politics of working with narrative. The inevitable partiality of narrative accounts and the decision to focus on the UN in New York are just two of the ethical tensions that run through the project presented here, and the chapter explores these tensions not in an effort to resolve them but rather to acknowledge the work that they do in prompting thinking around the issues that arise in the course of this analysis. The final section explains the book’s argument and outlines the development of this argument over the course of the chapters that follow.
Ownership and Origin Stories
Authors: Shepherd Laura J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the most prominent motifs in the narration of the WPS agenda is a repeated, and repeatedly coherent, story of the history of “the agenda,” which tells of the advocacy surrounding the adoption of UNSCR 1325 in 2000 and anchors the agenda firmly in the passage of this resolution by the UN Security Council. The narration of this “origin story” is of critical importance in shaping what the agenda could and would become in the following twenty years. The “ownership” of the agenda by the women’s civil society organizations that lobbied for the adoption of the foundational resolution is a touchstone of political activism around the agenda and has had an impact on its development over the past two decades. These ownership claims, deriving from the origin stories, thus have important constitutive effects on the future of the agenda and on the legitimacy and credibility of various WPS subjects.
Creating Communities
Authors: Kingwell Mark 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A building is more than a structure: it is an invitation to citizens, whether or not they live or work in a given buildings. This chapter queries whether buildings can be said to create community, and if so, how. It argues, in effect, that “If you build it, they will come” is an insufficient and maybe misleading slogan when it comes to the real world of architecture.
Introduction
Authors: Bickerton Christopher J. , Accetti Carlo Invernizzi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces the book as a whole. It situates the main argument of the book within the ongoing debate about the state of democracy, arguing that we are witnessing a transformation of democracy rather than a collapse or end of democracy. The chapter outlines the main features of this transformation, namely the emergence of a new political logic where appeals to expertise and to ‘the people’ are combined in a variety of different ways. We call this new logic technopopulism. The chapter gives examples of technopopulism and highlights the differences with the ideological political logic that preceded it. The chapter gives a synthesized account of the explanations for the emergence of technopopulism and the consequences associated with its development. The chapter ends by considering possible ‘ways out’ of the technopopulist political logic.
Normative Reflections on Technopopulism
Authors: Bickerton Christopher J. , Accetti Carlo Invernizzi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the remedies to technopopulism. It engages with a variety of different remedies that have been suggested by scholars and practitioners, showing that they all implicitly rely on the assumption that populism and technocracy can function as antidotes for one another. It then argues that this is not the case because the relationship between populism and technocracy is not simply one of opposition, but also complementarity. Both technocracy and populism share a hostility to the political form we call party democracy, meaning that by arguing for more of either technocracy or populism one is at the same time endorsing this critique of party democracy. The chapter then considers an alternative remedy to both populism and technocracy, which consists in the revitalization of the dimensions of partisanship and substantive goal differentiation as key components of well-functioning democracy. Specific examples—such as Corbynism within British politics—are discussed in order to draw out the potential and the limitations of this remedy.
Shadow Sophia
Authors: Deane-Drummond Celia E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Why do humans who seem to be exemplars of virtue also have the capacity to act in atrocious ways? What are the roots of tendencies for sin and evil? A popular assumption is that it is our animalistic natures that are responsible for human immorality and sin, while our moral nature curtails and contains such tendencies through human powers of freedom and higher reason. This book challenges such assumptions as being far too simplistic. Through a careful engagement with evolutionary and psychological literature, it argues that tendencies towards vice are, more often than not, distortions of the very virtues that are capable of making us good. After beginning with Augustine’s classic theory of original sin, the book probes the philosophical implications of sin’s origins in dialogue with the philosophy of Paul Ricoeur. Different vices are treated in both individual and collective settings in keeping with a multispecies approach. Areas covered include selfishness, pride, violence, anger, injustice, greed, envy, gluttony, deception, lying, lust, despair, anxiety, and sloth. The work of Thomas Aquinas helps to illuminate and clarify much of this discussion on vice, including those vices which are more distinctive for human persons in community with other beings. Such an approach amounts to a search for the shadow side of human nature, shadow sophia. Facing that shadow is part of a fuller understanding of what makes us human and thus this book is a contribution to both theological anthropology and theological ethics.
Original Sin
Authors: Deane-Drummond Celia E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter begins with brief comments on broader issues of natural evil, including the darker side of ecological relationships that can lead to death rather than mutualism within a multispecies commons. An analysis of Augustine of Hippo’s doctrine of original sin follows, which shows how his doctrine became established in the church and how it remains problematic, especially in light of evolutionary alternatives. His use of Romans 5.12 is particularly important as it forms the theological basis for his understanding of original sin. The chapter will explore the contemporary rejection of Augustine’s doctrine for theological and evolutionary reasons and how far and to what extent the origin of sin might have a historical dimension in the light of theological claims for its importance. Literal interpretations of the Fall are resisted and the importance of acknowledging the course of evil in deep time is affirmed. This chapter sets the stage for the next chapter, which offers a broader philosophical analysis of the origin of evil through engagement with the thought of Paul Ricoeur.
Paul Ricoeur on Evil
Authors: Deane-Drummond Celia E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Paul Ricoeur represents an important source in Western culture who refuses to adopt a sharp separation between humanity and the rest of nature, while recognizing the importance of human distinctiveness. This chapter will engage Ricoeur’s works, beginning with Freedom and Nature, where he emphasizes the preconditions for human sin and the distinctions between scientific explanations and philosophical understanding. Another work, Fallible Man, distinguishes between the finite and infinite and describes the preconditions for human sin. Here, Ricoeur takes steps to fill in the gap between what he terms the pathétique of misery and the transcendental. He resists the idea that the source of evil arises directly from animal passions, but presents a more complex argument related to the force of what he terms ‘the fault’. In The Symbolism of Evil, Ricoeur further describes his recognition that the Fall of humanity admits a voluntary quality to specifically human sin; therefore, guilt is distinct from suffering. Ricoeur’s interpretation of the significance and problematic nature of Augustine’s account of the Fall is instructive in this respect. How far is the explicit human propensity for sin also dependent on prior language and symbolic thought? Ricoeur’s thought also frames the discussion that follows as a dialectical relationship between the natural propensity for evil and its voluntary, symbolic/semiotic character.
Violence and Cruelty
Authors: Deane-Drummond Celia E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Our close relatives, chimpanzees, are known at times to be violent and aggressive. This chapter acknowledges the presence of violence, but challenges the common perception that killing is somehow ‘natural’ to our species. The chapter discusses the capacity for violence and aggression in chimpanzees as it relates to specific types of human violence. How far and to what extent did the first humans begin to show an inordinate capacity for organized violence and cruelty? How should biblical accounts of violence, animal sacrifice, and cruelty be interpreted in the light of this evidence? Treating humans as if they were animals is a way of degrading them and denying their humanity in biblical texts. Humans have the capacity to identify with their species and use misappropriated language towards other, often domesticated, species in a way that is deliberately cruel. The chapter will argue that the capacity for warfare and cruelty in humans does not simply build on aggressive behaviour found in other animal societies or towards other animals, but involves instead a deliberative and cooperative capacity that is highly distinctive for our lineage. Such insights need to be qualified in the light of capacities for reconciliation and, with the onset of warfare, strategic peacefare.
The Search for Shadow Sophia
Authors: Deane-Drummond Celia E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the themes of the book as a whole by returning to a primary issue raised at the start of the volume, namely, how to understand the roots of human evil. It follows a broadly Thomistic understanding of evil as lacking in agency, mirrored in Sergii Bulgakov’s suggestive terminology of shadow sophia. The risks apparent in Neoplatonism within Bulgakov are countered through a focus on practical wisdom and its counterfeit in distorted forms, alongside the biblical imagery of folly. The different vices discussed throughout the work are revisited again in their relationship to each other in order to develop a broader sense of the subtlety and energy of evil as it arises in individuals and communities. Some tentative conclusions are reached about what Ricoeur terms ‘the fault’, which cannot be reduced to purely scientific explanations, as well as his provocation to lament. At the same time, scientific engagement enlarges the understanding of virtues and the accompanying vices. The afterword opens up the discussion to the volume which will follow on the work of grace in the moral life.
Afterword: Redeeming Sin
Authors: Deane-Drummond Celia E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This brief commentary articulates a link between the second and third volumes in this series and points to a discussion of the work of redemption, grace, the Holy Spirit, and participation in the Trinity. Such a discussion forms the theological backdrop to understanding the life of graced virtue when perceived through the experience of faith. Sergii Bulgakov’s works present an aesthetic account of wisdom and participation in God that still carries some risk of pulling away from a grounded, rooted, and fully earthed perspective on human life. Disincarnate cultural trends towards transhumanism draw on science, but amount to impoverished secular accounts of redemption. All such eschatologies need to be reminded of the material, bodily, and grounded nature of human life in our creaturely contexts, so that even graced virtue which pulls away from immersion in a multispecies framework fails as fully redemptive virtue.
Towards a Global Hedonism
Authors: Crisp Roger 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues that, of all alleged values of any kind, only pleasure is of ultimate axiological significance. It begins with the suggestion that absolute value—the value some item has through possessing a lower-order evaluative property that makes the world in which it is instantiated good—is foundational. Pleasantness is characterized as a basic category of phenomenal consciousness, and the charge of reductionism against hedonism based on this conception is refuted. Defences of hedonism against various forms of objection that it is counter-intuitive are modelled on an analogy with defences of consequentialism, and the general position is then applied to moral, aesthetic, and epistemic value. It is claimed that those attracted by the parsimony and elegance of welfarism (the view that the fundamental value is well-being) might find these qualities within hedonism in particular.
The Special Value of Experience
Authors: Ranalli Chris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Why think that conscious experience of reality is any more epistemically valuable than testimony? I argue that conscious experience of reality is epistemically valuable because it provides cognitive contact with reality. Cognitive contact with reality is a goal of experiential inquiry which does not reduce to the goal of getting true beliefs or propositional knowledge. Such inquiry has awareness of the truth-makers of one’s true beliefs as its proper goal. As such, one reason why conscious experience of reality is more epistemically valuable than testimony about reality is that it gives us more epistemic goods than only true belief or propositional knowledge. I defend this view from two rival accounts. First, that while conscious experience of reality has greater value than testimony, its value is only eudaimonic. Second, that while it has greater epistemic value than testimony, this value is not distinctive: for it only promotes truth better than testimony.
On Being Internally the Same
Authors: Parrott Matthew , Gomes Anil 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Internalism and externalism disagree about whether agents who are internally the same can differ in their mental states. But what is it for two agents to be internally the same? Standard formulations take agents to be internally the same in virtue of some metaphysical fact, for example, that they share intrinsic physical properties. Our aim in this chapter is to argue that such formulations should be rejected. We provide the outlines of an alternative formulation on which agents are internally the same in virtue of facts about their epistemic capacities. The resulting formulation is one on which internalism and externalism are views about the extent to which an agent’s mental states can vary independently of the capacity for introspective discrimination. We suggest that this epistemic formulation of internalism and externalism picks out a substantive disagreement in philosophical theorizing about the nature of the mind.