bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure Dependence of the Low Temperature Carbonation Kinetics of Calcium Oxide for Potential Thermochemical Energy Storage Purposes and Sustainable CO2 Fixation
Authors: Gravogl Georg , Birkelbach Felix , Müller Danny , Lengauer Christian L. , Weinberger Peter , Miletich Ronald 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe pressure effect on the carbonation behavior of CaO as model compound is studied under mild hydrothermal conditions, as relevant to sustainable geological CO2 sequestration and for potential utilization in thermochemical energy storage. Reaction yields are determined experimentally by means of in situ powder X‐ray diffraction using CaO powder samples in a controlled reaction with CO2 under gas pressures between 1.0 and 5.0 MPa and at temperatures between 298 and 373 K. The results show a two‐step conversion of CaO to CaCO3, involving Ca(OH)2 as a reactive intermediate, with differing influences of the microstructures on the individual reaction sub‐steps. A kinetic evaluation of the experimental data delivers a high rate‐enhancing effect of temperature on the hydration reaction, whereas the CaCO3 formation is strongly dependent on the available CO2 gas pressure. With this systematic investigation the optimal pressure and temperature conditions for this reaction system can be determined delivering a contribution to a sustainable climate and energy management.
The Green Lean Amine Machine: Harvesting Electric Power While Capturing Carbon Dioxide from Breath
Authors: Kalkus Trevor J. , Guha Anirvan , Scholten Philip B.V. , Nagornii Dmitrii , Coskun Ali , Ianiro Alessandro , Mayer Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs wearable technologies redefine the way people exchange information, receive entertainment, and monitor health, the development of sustainable power sources that capture energy from the user's everyday activities garners increasing interest. Electric fishes, such as the electric eel and the torpedo ray, provide inspiration for such a power source with their ability to generate massive discharges of electricity solely from the metabolic processes within their bodies. Inspired by their example, the device presented in this work harnesses electric power from ion gradients established by capturing the carbon dioxide (CO2) from human breath. Upon localized exposure to CO2, this novel adaptation of reverse electrodialysis chemically generates ion gradients from a single initial solution uniformly distributed throughout the device instead of requiring the active circulation of two different external solutions. A thorough analysis of the relationship between electrical output and the concentration of carbon capture agent (monoethanolamine, MEA), the amount of CO2 captured, and the device geometry informs device design. The prototype device presented here harvests enough energy from a breath‐generated ion gradient to power small electronic devices, such as a light‐emitting diode (LED).
Influence of DC Bias on the Hysteresis, Loss, and Nonlinearity of Epitaxial PbZr0.55Ti0.45O3 Films
Authors: Lucke Philip , Bayraktar Muharrem , Schukkink Niels , Yakshin Andrey E. , Rijnders Guus , Bijkerk Fred , Houwman Evert P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe hysteresis, loss, and nonlinearity of the strain and polarization response of an epitaxial PbZr0.55Ti0.45O3 film are experimentally investigated for non‐switching AC excitation fields at a DC bias of 20 kV cm−1 in the 70 Hz to 5 kHz range. The measured strain is hysteretic and linear, whereas the polarization is hysteretic and highly nonlinear with excitation amplitude. Furthermore, compared to the case with zero bias, the effective piezoelectric coefficient that is extracted from the strain response is almost not changed for the investigated field range. In contrast, the loss tangent and nonlinearity of the polarization response are strongly reduced. The observations can not be explained by the Rayleigh model and its extensions, but are very well explained by the recently proposed polarization rotation model through addition of a non‐zero bias field term to the model. This model describes the film properties as the result of the nonlinear rotation of the polarization vector within the unit‐cell in response to the applied field, which is accompanied with viscous domain interaction. These results demonstrate that the polarization rotation model can describe the film response in a broad range of excitation frequencies and amplitudes, which far the applicable range of the Rayleigh model.
Recyclable, Healable, and Stretchable High‐Power Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Zhu Pengcheng , Shi Chuanqian , Wang Yalong , Wang Yaling , Yu Yuedong , Wang Yao , Deng Yuan , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDirect energy conversion based on thermoelectric (TE) materials is a long‐term and maintenance‐free energy harvesting technique, and therefore is very promising for self‐powered wearable electronics. Yet, it is challenging to achieve high‐performance stretchable, healable, and even recyclable thermoelectric generators (TEGs) without compromising TE conversion performance due to the intrinsic mechanical rigidity and brittleness of the inorganic TE materials. Herein, recyclable, healable, and stretchable TEGs (RHS‐TEGs) are reported that are assembled from commercial Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 TE legs generating superior power density via the use of liquid metal as interconnects and dynamic covalent thermoset polyimine as encapsulation. The TEGs fabricated using this strategy are endowed with excellent TE performance, mechanical compliance, and healing and recycling capabilities. The normalized output power density and mechanical stretchability can reach up to 1.08 µW cm−2·K2 and 50%, respectively. After healing and recycling, the TEGs show output performance comparable to the original devices. The TEGs also exhibit high reliability and stability under cyclic deformation. This study paves the way for sustainable application of TEGs as energy harvesters to power wearable electronics using body heat.
Backaction‐Noise Suppression and System Stabilization in Double‐Mode Optomechanical Systems
Authors: Yan Jia‐shun , Jing Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA double‐mode strategy of coherent quantum noise cancellation (CQNC) is developed to mitigate the effect of the backaction‐noise in optomechanical systems. Working under an asymmetrical configuration, the CQNC strategy of quantum interference can promote the system stabilization in addition to enhance its sensitivity in weak‐force metrology by offsetting the backaction‐noise. Through exploiting the coupling between the probe mode and the ancillary mode, the rotating‐wave term and the counter‐rotating term are found to be responsible under certain circumstances for system‐stability and noise‐suppression, respectively. They demonstrate a subtle compromise between the resonant noise cancellation ratio and the effective damping rate. This strategy can be carried out in optomechanical setups with a membrane in the middle or a twisted‐cavity‐based weak‐torque detector.
Phenacyl Phenothiazinium Salt as a New Broad‐Wavelength‐Absorbing Photoinitiator for Cationic and Free Radical Polymerizations
Authors: Zhu Yi , Xu Dandan , Zhang Yuchao , Zhou Yufan , Yagci Yusuf , Liu Ren 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA novel broad‐wavelength‐absorbing photoinitiator based on phenacyl phenothiazinium hexafluroantimonate (P‐PTh) possessing both phenacyl and phenothiazine chromophoric groups was reported. P‐PTh absorbs light at UV, Visible and Near‐IR region. Photophysical, photochemical, and computational investigations revealed that P‐PTh in solution decomposes at all wavelengths by homolytic and heterolytic cleavages and generates cationic and radical species, which could efficiently initiate cationic and free radical polymerizations. It is anticipated that the photoinitiator with such wavelength flexibility may open up new pathways in curing applications of formulations of pigment systems.
Enantio‐ and Diastereodivergent Sequential Catalysis Featuring Two Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Masson‐Makdissi Jeanne , Prieto Liher , Abel‐Snape Xavier , Lautens Mark 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study demonstrates the feasibility and inherent benefits of combining two distinct asymmetric transition‐metal‐catalyzed reactions in one pot. The reported transformation features a Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation and a Rh‐catalyzed enantioselective 1,4‐conjugate addition, effectively converting simple allyl enol carbonate precursors into enantioenriched cyclic ketones with two remote stereocenters. Despite the anticipated challenges associated with controlling stereoselectivity in such a complex system, the products are obtained in enantiomeric excesses ranging up to >99 % ee, exceeding those obtained from either of the individual asymmetric reactions. In addition, since the stereoselectivity of both steps is under catalyst control, this one‐pot reaction is enantio‐ and diastereodivergent, enabling facile access to all stereoisomers from the same set of starting materials.
A Cationic Micelle as In Vivo Catalyst for Tumor‐Localized Cleavage Chemistry
Authors: Wang Chunhong , Hong Hanyu , Chen Mengqi , Ding Zexuan , Rui Yuchen , Qi Jianyuan , Li Zi‐Chen , Liu Zhibo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe emerging strategies of accelerating the cleavage reaction in tumors through locally enriching the reactants is promising. Yet, the applications are limited due to the lack of the tumor‐selectivity for most of the reactants. Here we explored an alternative approach to leverage the rate constant by locally inducing an in vivo catalyst. We found that the desilylation‐induced cleavage chemistry could be catalyzed in vivo by cationic micelles, and accelerated over 1400‐fold under physiological condition. This micelle‐catalyzed controlled release platform is demonstrated by the release of a 6‐hydroxyl‐quinoline‐2‐benzothiazole derivative (HQB) in two cancer cell lines and a NIR dye in mouse tumor xenografts. Through intravenous injection of a pH‐sensitive polymer micelles, we successfully applied this strategy to a prodrug activation of hydroxyl camptothecin (OH‐CPT) in tumors. Its “decaging” efficiency is 42‐fold to that without cationic micelles‐mediated catalysis. This micelle‐catalyzed desilylation strategy unveils the potential that micelle may act beyond a carrier but a catalyst for local perturbing or activation.
Gated Molecular Diffusion at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces
Authors: Li Lianshun , Sun Huilou , Li Mingwei , Yang Yang , Russell Thomas P. , Shi Shaowei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe jamming of nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs) at liquid–liquid interface imparts attractive properties to the interfacial assemblies and enables the structuring of liquids. Herein, we report photoresponsive supramolecular microcapsules with jammed NPS assemblies at the oil‐water interface, taking advantage of host–guest molecular recognition. The permeability of the colloidal membrane can be effectively manipulated by switching the NPSs from a jammed state to an unjammed state with a photo trigger, leading to a controlled molecular diffusion and release, affording a versatile platform for the construction of next generation smart microcapsule systems.
Identification of a Pyrrole Intermediate Which Undergoes C‐Glycosidation and Autoxidation to Yield the Final Product in Showdomycin Biosynthesis
Authors: Ren Daan , Kim Minje , Wang Shao‐An , Liu Hung‐wen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractShowdomycin is a C‐nucleoside bearing an electrophilic maleimide base. Herein, the biosynthetic pathway of showdomycin is presented. The initial stages of the pathway involve non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) mediated assembly of a 2‐amino‐1H‐pyrrole‐5‐carboxylic acid intermediate. This intermediate is prone to air oxidation whereupon it undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to yield an imine of maleimide, which in turn yields the maleimide upon acidification. It is also shown that this pyrrole intermediate serves as the substrate for the C‐glycosidase SdmA in the pathway. After coupling with ribose 5‐phosphate, the resulting C‐nucleoside undergoes a similar sequence of oxidation, decarboxylation and deamination to afford showdomcyin after exposure to air. These results suggest that showdomycin could be an artifact due to aerobic isolation; however, the autoxidation may also serve to convert an otherwise inert product of the biosynthetic pathway to an electrophilic C‐nucleotide thereby endowing showdomycin with its observed bioactivities.
Perovskite oxide and polyazulene–based heterostructure for high–performance supercapacitors
Authors: Huang Jiaqian , Jiang Kaiyue , Tranca Diana , Ke Changchun , Zhang Longhai , Li Jin , Li Jiantong , Tong Gangsheng , Kymakis Emmanuel , Zhuang Xiaodong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSeveral types of electrode materials have been developed for high–performance supercapacitors. Most of the relevant studies have focused on the discovery of new atomic structures and paid limited attention to the effect of heterostructures in supercapacitor electrodes, which has long hindered the fundamental understanding of the use of hybrid materials in supercapacitors. In this study, a novel heterostructure based on perovskite oxide (LaNiO3) nanosheets and polyazulene was synthesized. The as–prepared heterostructure–based supercapacitor exhibited a specific capacitance of up to 464 F g−1 at a high current density of 2 A g−1 in 1–ethyl–3–methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. In a symmetric supercapacitor, this heterostructure delivered an energy density of up to 56.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1100 W kg−1. Both LaNiO3 and polyazulene contributed pseudocapacitance and dominated the performance. Unexpectedly, electric double–layer capacitance was found to contribute in this system. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the advantage of the high electrical conductivity of the heterostructure benefited the supercapacitor operation. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance analysis revealed that the fast ion flux and adsorption boosted performance. The high intrinsic electrical conductivity and improved stability make this heterostructure a promising electrode material candidate for supercapacitors.
Not a political statement: Psychoanalytic notes on the measures to fight the pandemic and the responses to them
Authors: Giorgi Liana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article critically examines some of the measures installed to fight the Covid‐19 pandemic, such as the face mask, and the responses these have called forth. It relies on clinical material and on popular culture. The purpose is twofold. First, to exemplify the unique contribution of psychoanalysis for decoding both the political narrative and its reception thus helping understand and better address societal challenges. Second, to inform the debate in the political sciences as to what is a good crisis management strategy. The main argument is that an effective communication, in general, but especially in emergency situations, needs to allow for the unconscious responses to both the danger itself and to the measures imposed to deal with it. Failure to consider this unconscious dimension impacts on the effectiveness of the policy.
Cup marks on Ambra Crater: a new engraving site in the Western Highlands of Papua New Guinea
Authors: TORRENCE ROBIN , DENHAM TIM , WAGNER THOMAS P. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTWe report an unusual example of rock engravings in an open context in the Highlands region of Papua New Guinea. The highly weathered assemblage comprised a cluster of two “cup and ring” motifs with at least eight additional cup marks pecked on a small basalt boulder located on the summit of Ambra Crater (also Mt. Ambra), a potentially significant place because it has provided an elevated viewpoint across the denuded Upper Wahgi Valley landscape for millennia.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel (Z)‐/(E)‐Anisaldehyde‐Based Oxime Ester Compounds
Authors: Fan Zhongtian , Duan Wengui , Lin Guishan , Chen Ming , Huang Mei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn search of novel natural product‐based bioactive molecules, twenty (ten pairs) novel (Z)‐/(E)‐anisaldehyde‐based oxime ester compounds were designed and synthesized by using anisaldehyde as starting material. Structural characterization of the target compounds was carried out by NMR, FT‐IR, ESI‐MS, and elemental analysis. Their herbicidal and antifungal activities were preliminarily tested. As a result, at 50 μg/mL, compound (E)‐5b exhibited excellent to good inhibition rates of 92.3 %, 79.2 %, and 73.9 %, against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, and Bipolaris maydis, respectively, better than or comparable to that of the positive control chlorothalonil. In addition, at 100 μg/mL, compounds (E)‐5b, (E)‐5f, (Z)‐5f and (E)‐5d exhibited excellent to good inhibition rates of 85.8 %, 82.9 %, 78.6 % and 64.2 %, respectively, against the root‐growth of rape (B. campestris), much better than that of the positive control flumioxazin. The bioassay result also showed that the synthesized compounds had obvious differences in antifungal and herbicidal activities between (Z)‐ and (E)‐isomers. Preliminary structure–activity relationship was also discussed by theoretical calculation.
NiCoP/NF 1D/2D Biomimetic Architecture for Markedly Enhanced Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Zhang Yiwei , Fei Ting , Mao Chunfeng , Song Youchao , Zhou Yuming , Dong Guomeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe construction of a well‐defined metal‐organic framework (MOF) precursor structure is essential to obtain highly efficient transition metal phosphide electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting. In this regard, we propose a novel strategy involving the in situ conversion of flake nickel‐cobalt hydroxide into NiCo MOF with a unique biomimetic architecture (i. e. Venus flytrap‐like morphology with dense 1D nanowires anchoring on 2D nanosheets), and further phosphating the precursor into NiCoP that possesses a similar, distinctive structure. Specifically, 1D nanowires afford effective electron transfer, while 2D nanosheets provide enhanced mechanical stability to the composite. The experimental results show that this material has an enormous amount of available active sites, accelerated charge/mass transfer, and a structural synergistic effect. As a result, the as‐prepared NiCoP/nickel foam (NF) catalyst only requires overpotentials of 78 and 262 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the HER and OER in 1.0 M KOH, respectively. Furthermore, the application of NiCoP/NF as a bifunctional catalyst for the overall water splitting reaction yields current densities of 10 mA cm−2 at 1.60 V. Therefore, this is an effective strategy for the development of next‐generation electrocatalysts for solar‐energy conversion.
Effect of Carbon Doping on CO2‐Reduction Activity of Single Cobalt Sites in Graphitic Carbon Nitride
Authors: Huang Peipei , Huang Jiahao , Li Junying , Zhang Lei , He Jie , Caputo Christine A. , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Li Gonghu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts have demonstrated interesting activity in a variety of applications. In this study, we prepared single Co2+ sites on graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4), which was doped with carbon for enhanced activity in visible‐light CO2 reduction. The synthesized materials were characterized with a variety of techniques, including microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, UV‐vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Doping C3N4 with carbon was found to have profound effect on the photocatalytic activity of the single Co2+ sites. At relatively low levels, carbon doping enhanced the photoresponse of C3N4 in the visible region and improved charge separation upon photoactivation, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic activity. High levels of carbon doping were found to be detrimental to the photocatalytic activity of the single Co2+ sites by altering the structure of C3N4 and generating defect sites responsible for charge recombination.
Medial septum tau accumulation induces spatial memory deficit via disrupting medial septum–hippocampus cholinergic pathway
Authors: Wu Dongqin , Gao Di , Yu Haitao , Pi Guilin , Xiong Rui , Lei Huiyang , Wang Xin , Liu Enjie , Ye Jinwang , Yu Huilin , Gao Yang , He Ting , Jiang Tao , Sun Fei , Su Jingfen , Song Guoda , Peng Wenju , Yang Ying , Wang Jian‐Zhi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTau accumulation and cholinergic impairment are characteristic pathologies in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the causal role of tau accumulation in cholinergic lesion is elusive. Here, we observed an aberrant tau accumulation in the medial septum (MS) of 3xTg and 5xFAD mice, especially in their cholinergic neurons. Overexpressing hTau in mouse MS (MShTau) for 6 months but not 3 months induced spatial memory impairment without changing object recognition and anxiety‐like behavior, indicating a specific and time‐dependent effect of MS‐hTau accumulation on spatial cognitive functions. With increasing hTau accumulation, the MShTau mice showed a time‐dependent cholinergic neuron loss with reduced cholinergic projections to the hippocampus. Intraperitoneal administration of donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, for 1 month ameliorated the MS‐hTau‐induced spatial memory deficits with preservation of MS–hippocampal cholinergic pathway and removal of tau load; and the beneficial effects of donepezil was more prominent at low dose. Proteomics revealed that MS‐hTau accumulation deregulated multiple signaling pathways with numerous differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Among them, the vacuolar protein sorting‐associated protein 37D (VP37D), an autophagy‐related protein, was significantly reduced in MShTau mice; the reduction of VP37D was restored by donepezil, and the effect was more significant at low dose than high dose. These novel evidences reveal a causal role of tau accumulation in linking MS cholinergic lesion to hippocampus‐dependent spatial cognitive damages as seen in the AD patients, and the new tau‐removal and autophagy‐promoting effects of donepezil may extend its application beyond simple symptom amelioration to potential disease modification.
ETH‐LEACH: An energy enhanced threshold routing protocol for WSNs
Authors: Chithaluru Prem Kumar , Khan Mohammad S , Kumar Manoj , Stephan Thompson 
Published: May 2021

SummaryMany wireless sensor‐based applications use LEACH as a preferred routing protocol owing to its unique features such as optimal sleeping time, minimum packet collisions, dynamic channel selection, and least power consumption. The traditional LEACH protocol wastes the transmission opportunities as it processes data only in an event occurring, leading to wastage of resources. To resolve this issue, this paper proposes a more robust Energy Enhanced Threshold Routing Protocol (ETH‐LEACH) for WSNs. The working of ETH‐LEACH is conceptualized in two parts. In the first part, TDMA is implemented to estimate the opportunistic paths to remove network overhead. Furthermore, in the second part, a threshold value is calculated for choosing the forwarder nodes. The proposed technique minimizes the energy usage of the sensor nodes and consequently enhances the network's lifetime by extending the duration of node death. The ETH‐LEACH protocol is contrasted with the different variants of LEACH to verify its effectiveness. The experimental results show that the proposed ETH‐LEACH protocol outperforms the traditional routing protocols. In this paper, the ETH‐LEACH protocol performs nearly 54.6% efficient than LEACH, 47.6% efficient than Q‐LEACH, 41.3% efficient than NR‐LEACH, 33.6% efficient than LEACH‐GA, and 29.7% efficient than LEACH‐POS in reducing the usage of energy in the overall simulation.