bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravesical mitomycin C (MMC) and MMC + cytosine arabinoside for non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Miyata Yasuyoshi , Tsurusaki Toshifumi , Hayashida Yasushi , Imasato Yushi , Takehara Kosuke , Aoki Daiyu , Nishikido Masaharu , Watanabe Junichi , Mitsunari Kensuke , Matsuo Tomohiro , Ohba Kojiro , Taniguchi Keisuke , Sakai Hideki ,   the Nagasaki University Urological Oncology Research Group
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the urinary pH, recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and safety of adjuvant intravesical therapy in patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) receiving mitomycin C (MMC) therapy and MMC + cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C) therapy.Patients and MethodsA total of 165 patients with NMIBC from six hospitals were randomly allocated to two groups: weekly instillation of MMC + Ara‐C (30 mg/30 mL + 200 mg/10 mL) for 6 weeks and the same instillation schedule of MMC (30 mg/40 mL). The primary outcome was RFS, and secondary outcomes were urinary pH and toxicity in the two groups.ResultsA total of 81 and 87 patients were randomised into the MMC and MMC + Ara‐C groups, respectively. Overall, the RFS in the MMC + Ara‐C group was significantly longer (P = 0.018) than that in the MMC group. A similar significant difference was detected in patients with intermediate‐risk NMIBC, but not in those with high‐risk NMIBC. The mean (SD) urinary pH was significantly higher in the MMC + Ara‐C group than in the MMC group, at 6.56 (0.61) vs 5.78 (0.64) (P < 0.001), and the frequency of a urinary pH of >7.0 in the MMC and MMC + Ara‐C groups was 6.3% and 26.7%, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis models including clinicopathological features and second transurethral resection demonstrated that increased urinary pH was associated with better outcomes (hazard ratio 0.18, 95% confidential interval 0.18–0.038; P < 0.001). In all, there were 14 and 10 adverse events in the MMC and MMC + Ara‐C groups, respectively, without a significant difference (P = 0.113).ConclusionsOur randomised clinical trial suggested that intravesical therapy with MMC and Ara‐C is useful and safe for patients with intermediate‐risk NMIBC. Increase in urinary pH with Ara‐C is speculated as a mechanism for increased anti‐cancer effects.
Platelet inhibition by P2Y12 antagonists is potentiated by adenosine signalling activators
Authors: Shih Chih‐Chin , Chan Melissa V. , Kirkby Nicholas S. , Vojnovic Ivana , Mitchell Jane A. , Armstrong Paul C. , Warner Timothy D. 
Published: August 2021

Background and PurposeP2Y12 receptor antagonists reduce platelet aggregation and the incidence of arterial thrombosis. Adenosine signalling in platelets directly affects cyclic nucleotide tone, which we have shown to have a synergistic relationship with P2Y12 inhibition. Several studies suggest that ticagrelor inhibits erythrocyte uptake of adenosine and that this could also contribute to its antiplatelet effects. We therefore examined the effects on platelet activation of adenosine signalling activators in combination with the P2Y12 receptor antagonists ticagrelor and prasugrel.Experimental ApproachHuman washed platelets, platelet‐rich plasma and whole blood were used to test the interactions between ticagrelor or prasugrel and adenosine or 5′‐N‐ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA). Platelet reactivity to thrombin, protease‐activated receptor 1 (PAR‐1) activation or collagen was assessed by a combination of 96‐well plate aggregometry, light transmission aggregometry, whole blood aggregometry, ATP release assay and levels of cAMP.Key ResultsThe inhibitory effects of ticagrelor and prasugrel on platelet aggregation and ATP release were enhanced in the presence of adenosine or NECA. Isobolographic analysis indicated a powerful synergy between P2Y12 receptor inhibition and adenosine signalling activators. Increased levels of cAMP in platelets were also observed. In all cases, ticagrelor showed similar synergistic effects on platelet inhibition as prasugrel in the presence of adenosine or NECA.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese results indicate that P2Y12 antagonists have a synergistic relationship with adenosine signalling and that their efficacy may depend partly upon the presence of endogenous adenosine. This effect was common for prasugrel and ticagrelor despite reports of differences in their effects upon adenosine reuptake.
miR‐221 confers lapatinib resistance by negatively regulating p27kip1 in HER2‐positive breast cancer
Authors: Huynh Thanh Kieu , Huang Chih‐Hao , Chen Jhen‐Yu , Yao Jin‐Han , Yang Yi‐Shiang , Wei Ya‐Ling , Chen Hsiao‐Fan , Chen Chia‐Hung , Tu Chih‐Yen , Hsu Yuan‐Man , Liu Liang‐Chih , Huang Wei‐Chien 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDevelopment of acquired resistance to lapatinib, a dual epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, severely limits the duration of clinical response in advanced HER2‐driven breast cancer patients. Although the compensatory activation of the PI3K/Akt survival signal has been proposed to cause acquired lapatinib resistance, comprehensive molecular mechanisms remain required to develop more efficient strategies to circumvent this therapeutic difficulty. In this study, we found that suppression of HER2 by lapatinib still led to Akt inactivation and elevation of FOX3a protein levels, but failed to induce the expression of their downstream pro‐apoptotic effector p27kip1, a cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor. Elevation of miR‐221 was found to contribute to the development of acquired lapatinib resistance by targeting p27kip1 expression. Furthermore, upregulation of miR‐221 was mediated by the lapatinib‐induced Src family tyrosine kinase and subsequent NF‐κB activation. The reversal of miR‐221 upregulation and p27kip1 downregulation by a Src inhibitor, dasatinib, can overcome lapatinib resistance. Our study not only identified miRNA‐221 as a pivotal factor conferring the acquired resistance of HER2‐positive breast cancer cells to lapatinib through negatively regulating p27kip1 expression, but also suggested Src inhibition as a potential strategy to overcome lapatinib resistance.
Democratic Theory's Evasion of Race
Authors: Hytten Kathy , Stemhagen Kurt 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this essay, Kathy Hytten and Kurt Stemhagen explore the evasion of race, particularly implicit whiteness, in democratic theory. The authors maintain that democratic theorists, especially those who write about education, avoid discussions of race, often writing in universal terms about democracy while ignoring the ways that ostensibly democratic societies reproduce white supremacy. Hytten and Stemhagen begin by describing critiques of the whiteness of democracy; next, they draw on three different approaches to democracy — decolonial, abolitionist, and Black pragmatist — to explore how we can work to disentangle the workings of democracy from racism. Significantly, all of the approaches they address center the voices of scholars of color and each one provides specific charges, resources, and tools for doing democracy differently and in ways that are explicitly antiracist.
Online relationship education for help‐seeking low‐income couples: A Bayesian replication and extension of the OurRelationship and ePREP programs
Authors: Hatch S. Gabe , Knopp Kayla , Le Yunying , Allen Maggie O. T. , Rothman Karen , Rhoades Galena K. , Doss Brian D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLow‐income couples are at increased risk for relationship instability and divorce. In response, online relationship education programs such as ePREP and OurRelationship have been developed to more easily reach this population. A previous trial indicated that these programs promote relationship functioning (Doss et al., 2020) and individual well‐being (Roddy et al., 2020a). However, given that these effects were notably larger than previous studies of in‐person relationship education and approached effect sizes observed in couple therapy, it is possible that the magnitude of these effects was somewhat spurious; therefore, these findings need replication. The current manuscript seeks to replicate these programs’ previous effects on relationship functioning and determine whether these effects are stable. Using a sample of 671 low‐income couples seeking relationship help (N = 1337 individuals) and Bayesian estimation, the current study replicated previous findings that the OurRelationship and ePREP programs offered with four coaching calls produced reliable improvements in relationship functioning relative to a 6‐month waitlist control group. There were no statistically reliable differences between the two active interventions. Bayesian analyses indicated that the effects of the two online programs were larger than the average effects of in‐person relationship education for low‐income couples reported in previous studies, roughly equivalent to efficacy studies of in‐person relationship education reported in previous studies, smaller than those that resulted from the OurRelationship program delivered to distressed couples without an income requirement and smaller than couple therapy.
Empirical and Earth system model estimates of boreal nitrogen fixation often differ: A pathway toward reconciliation
Authors: Hupperts Stefan F. , Gerber Stefan , Nilsson Marie‐Charlotte , Gundale Michael J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe impacts of global environmental change on productivity in northern latitudes will be contingent on nitrogen (N) availability. In circumpolar boreal ecosystems, nonvascular plants (i.e., bryophytes) and associated N2‐fixing diazotrophs provide one of the largest known N inputs but are rarely accounted for in Earth system models. Instead, most models link N2‐fixation with the functioning of vascular plants. Neglecting nonvascular N2‐fixation may be contributing toward high uncertainty that currently hinders model predictions in northern latitudes, where nonvascular N2‐fixing plants are more common. Adequately accounting for nonvascular N2‐fixation and its drivers could subsequently improve predictions of future N availability and ultimately, productivity, in northern latitudes. Here, we review empirical evidence of boreal nonvascular N2‐fixation responses to global change factors (elevated CO2, N deposition, warming, precipitation, and shading by vascular plants), and compare empirical findings with model predictions of N2‐fixation using nine Earth system models. The majority of empirical studies found positive effects of CO2, warming, precipitation, or light on nonvascular N2‐fixation, but N deposition strongly downregulated N2‐fixation in most empirical studies. Furthermore, we found that the responses of N2‐fixation to elevated CO2 were generally consistent between models and very limited empirical data. In contrast, empirical‐model comparisons suggest that all models we assessed, and particularly those that scale N2‐fixation with net primary productivity or evapotranspiration, may be overestimating N2‐fixation under increasing N deposition. Overestimations could generate erroneous predictions of future N stocks in boreal ecosystems unless models adequately account for the drivers of nonvascular N2‐fixation. Based on our comparisons, we recommend that models explicitly treat nonvascular N2‐fixation and that field studies include more targeted measurements to improve model structures and parameterization.
Favorable outcomes of rescue second‐ or third‐line culture‐based Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment in areas of high antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Lee Jung Won , Kim Nayoung , Nam Ryoung Hee , Jang Jae Young , Choi Yonghoon , Lee Dong Ho 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundFailure of second or third‐line eradication treatment against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is principally caused by antimicrobial resistance and reduced treatment adherence.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of culture‐based rescue eradication treatments in patients who have previously experienced failed eradication treatment.MethodsPatients who had persistent H. pylori infection following at least one eradication treatment were recommended to undergo culture analysis to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations of various antimicrobials via endoscopic resection. Consenting patients were assigned one of four therapeutic treatments based on an algorithm determined by antimicrobial resistance. These treatments consisted of 7 or 14‐day administration of clarithromycin‐containing proton pump inhibitor (PPI) triple therapy; esomeprazole, moxifloxacin, and amoxicillin (MEA) therapy; esomeprazole, bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline (quadruple) therapy; or lansoprazole, rifabutin, and amoxicillin (RLA) therapy. Eradication efficacy, adherence, and adverse events were assessed aside clinical outcomes.ResultsA total of 132 patients were enrolled, with 84 patients completing the study. The overall resistance rates to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, and moxifloxacin were 13.1%, 83.3%, 47.6%, and 71.4%, respectively. The patients were allocated to the PPI triple (n = 11), MEA (n = 15), quadruple (n = 53), or RLA triple (n = 5) therapy group. The eradication rates in the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses were 90.5% (76 of 84 patients) and 93.8% (76 of 81 patients), respectively. Nausea was the most frequent adverse event (25.0%).ConclusionsAs a rescue therapy, culture‐based susceptibility‐guided eradication treatment was both effective and safe, even for patients exhibiting high antimicrobial resistance.
The effect of two rotary and two reciprocating NiTi systems on postoperative pain after root canal retreatment on single‐rooted incisor teeth: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Çanakçi Burhan Can , Er Özgür , Genç Şen Özgür , Süt Necdet 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThis randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the effect of two rotary (ProTaper Retreatment + ProTaper Gold and Hyflex EDM) and two reciprocating (Reciproc Blue and WaveOne Gold) NiTi systems on postoperative pain after root canal retreatment on single‐rooted incisor teeth.MethodologyOne hundred and eighty patients scheduled for root canal retreatment were randomly assigned to one of the four groups according to the NiTi system (ProTaper Retreatment + ProTaper Gold, Hyflex EDM, Reciproc Blue or WaveOne Gold) used for the removal of root canal fillings and further canal preparation. The working length was determined to be 1 mm shorter than the ‘0.0’ mark of the apex locator. Root canals were filled with gutta‐percha and an epoxy resin‐based root canal sealer using a lateral compaction technique. The teeth were restored using a resin composite material. A single operator performed the retreatments in a single visit. The incidence and intensity of postoperative pain were rated on a numeric rating scale by patients 24, 48 and 72 h after retreatment. The number of analgesic tablets (400 mg Ibuprofen) taken by patients was also recorded. Data were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U, Wilcoxon and chi‐square tests.ResultsFor the intensity of postoperative pain, the difference between the four groups was not significantly different (p > .05). No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of analgesic medication intake (p > .05).ConclusionsThe rotary and reciprocating NiTi systems tested in this study were associated with similar intensity of postoperative pain and intake of analgesics following root canal retreatment on single‐rooted incisor teeth completed in one visit.
Alumina‐based filters made via binder jet 3D printing of alumina powder, colloidal silica infiltration, and sintering
Authors: Cramer Corson L. , Armstrong Beth L. , Trofimov Artem A. , Wang Peter L. , Siddel Derek H. , Wang Hsin , Cakmak Ercan , Klett James W. , Elliott Amy M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlumina‐based, porous filter media was made via a binder jet 3D printing process consisting of an alumina powder printing step with subsequent heating, colloidal silica infiltration, drying, and sintering to consolidate particles yet retain a net open porous microstructure. The composites made were alumina‐silica or alumina‐mullite, where the silica sintering aid was used to densify and join the alumina particles. The resulting composite structures had open porosities in the 25–31 vol% range as measured by Archimedes density. Pressure drops were measured across the filter media at constant flow rates to compare disc shapes and complex, 3D printed filters based on the N95 design requirements. Complex, 3D‐printed alumina composites were produced with acceptable pressure drops for N95 implementation.
Partial versus radical nephrectomy in clinical T2 renal masses
Authors: Klett Dane E , Tsivian Matvey , Packiam Vignesh T , Lohse Christine M , Ahmed Mohamed E , Potretzke Theodora A , Gopalakrishna Ajay , Boorjian Stephen A , Thompson R Houston , Leibovich Bradley C , Potretzke Aaron M 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo report perioperative, renal functional and oncologic outcomes for patients undergoing partial or radical nephrectomy for cT2 renal masses.MethodsRetrospective review of patients who underwent partial (n = 72) or radical nephrectomy (n = 379) for cT2 renal masses from 2000 to 2016. After propensity adjustment using inverse probability weighting, the following were compared by surgery (partial or radical nephrectomy): complications, renal function measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate as continuous and as <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 1 and 3 years postoperatively and overall, metastases‐free survival and cancer‐specific survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma.ResultsAfter propensity adjustment, clinical and radiographic features were well‐balanced between groups. Overall and severe complications were more common for partial compared with radical nephrectomy, although not statistically significant (19 vs 13%, P = 0.14 and 4 vs 2%, P = 0.3, respectively). Estimated glomerular filtration rate change at 1 and 3 years was more pronounced in radical compared with partial nephrectomy (median −16 vs −5 and −14 vs −2, respectively, P < 0.001). A greater proportion of radical nephrectomy patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 at 1 and 3 years (55 vs 17% and 48 vs 17%, respectively, P < 0.01). In renal cell carcinoma patients, overall, metastases‐free and cancer‐specific survival were not significantly different between groups (median survivor follow up 7.1 years, interquartile range 3.6–11.4).ConclusionsPartial nephrectomy appears to be a relatively safe and a potentially effective treatment for cT2 renal masses, conferring better renal functional preservation compared with radical nephrectomy. These data support continued use of partial nephrectomy for renal masses >7 cm in appropriately selected patients.
Sensitive detection of anti‐spike antibodies enables improved understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis
Authors: Milling Simon 
Published: August 2021

SummaryMass vaccination of the global population against SARS‐CoV‐2 will, we hope, turn the tide against this devastating pandemic. To complement vaccinations, better tools are needed to enable viral infections and immunological protection to be monitored. Accurate tools provide sound data for informed decision‐making at many levels, from personal to governmental. The measurement of viral RNA is currently routinely used to detect active infections, but only gives a positive result during infection and is unable to reveal historic infections. Tests involving a detection of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibodies can reveal prior exposures to virus and can measure anti‐viral immune responses induced after natural infection or after vaccination. They may eventually also be used to predict an individual's likelihood of becoming re‐infected. Here, we report on the development of a sensitive ELISA technique to detect multiple isotypes of antibodies against the spike glycoprotein, in samples of both serum and saliva. This paper provides an important step towards understanding the immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and may therefore eventually help us to effectively control it.
The use of closed incision negative pressure therapy for incision and surrounding soft tissue management: Expert panel consensus recommendations
Authors: Silverman Ronald P. , Apostolides John , Chatterjee Abhishek , Dardano Anthony N. , Fearmonti Regina M. , Gabriel Allen , Grant Robert T. , Johnson Owen N. , Koneru Suresh , Kuang Anna A. , Moreira Andrea A. , Sigalove Steven R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs the use of closed incision negative pressure therapy (ciNPT) becomes more widespread, dressing designs have evolved to address implementation challenges and meet surgeon demand. While traditional application of ciNPT was limited to the immediate suture line, a novel dressing that covers the incision and additional surrounding tissues has become available. To expand upon previous ciNPT recommendations and provide guidance on this new dressing, an expert panel of plastic surgeons convened to review the current literature, identify challenges to the implementation and sustainability of ciNPT, and use a modified Delphi technique to form a consensus on the appropriate use of ciNPT with full‐coverage dressings. After three rounds of collecting expert opinion via the Delphi method, consensus was reached if 80% of the panel agreed upon a statement. This manuscript establishes 10 consensus statements regarding when ciNPT with full‐coverage foam dressings should be considered or recommended in the presence of patient or incision risk factors, effective therapeutic settings and duration, precautions for use, and tools and techniques to support application. The panel also discussed areas of interest for future study of ciNPT with full‐coverage dressings. High‐quality, controlled studies are needed to expand the understanding of the benefits of ciNPT over the incision and surrounding tissues.