bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic administration of ivabradine, a hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel inhibitor, blocks spontaneous absence seizures
Authors: Iacone Yasmine , Morais Tatiana P. , David François , Delicata Francis , Sandle Joanna , Raffai Timea , Parri Harri Rheinallt , Weisser Johan Juhl , Bundgaard Christoffer , Klewe Ib Vestergaard , Tamás Gábor , Thomsen Morten Skøtt , Crunelli Vincenzo , Lőrincz Magor L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveHyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) channels are known to be involved in the generation of absence seizures (ASs), and there is evidence that cortical and thalamic HCN channel dysfunctions may have a proabsence role. Many HCN channel blockers are available, but their role in ASs has been investigated only by localized brain injection or in in vitro model systems due to their limited brain availability. Here, we investigated the effect on ASs of orally administered ivabradine (an HCN channel blocker approved for the treatment of heart failure in humans) following injection of the P‐glycoprotein inhibitor elacridar, which is known to increase penetration into the brain of drug substrates for this efflux transporter. The action of ivabradine was also tested following in vivo microinjection into the cortical initiation network (CIN) of the somatosensory cortex and in the thalamic ventrobasal nucleus (VB) as well as on cortical and thalamocortical neurons in brain slices.MethodsWe used electroencephalographic recordings in freely moving Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats From Strasbourg (GAERSs) to assess the action of oral administration of ivabradine, with and without elacridar, on ASs. Ivabradine was also microinjected into the CIN and VB of GAERSs in vivo and applied to Wistar CIN and GAERS VB slices while recording patch‐clamped cortical Layer 5/6 and thalamocortical neurons, respectively.ResultsOral administration of ivabradine markedly and dose‐dependently reduced ASs. Ivabradine injection into CIN abolished ASs and elicited small‐amplitude 4–7‐Hz waves (without spikes), whereas in the VB it was less potent. Moreover, ivabradine applied to GAERS VB and Wistar CIN slices selectively decreased HCN channel‐dependent properties of cortical Layer 5/6 pyramidal and thalamocortical neurons, respectively.SignificanceThese results provide the first demonstration of the antiabsence action of a systemically administered HCN channel blocker, indicating the potential of this class of drugs as a novel therapeutic avenue for ASs.
Economic forecasts, anchoring bias, and stock returns
Authors: Birz Gene , Dutta Sandip , Yu Han 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBy utilizing survey forecasts of macroeconomic statistics, we find that market participants’ expectations are not rational as they exhibit an anchoring bias. The forecasts systematically underpredict macroeconomic statistics and the forecast errors are predicted by past macroeconomic announcements. Most importantly, we find that the stock market does not see through this bias, that is, we find statistically significant stock price effects of “anticipated” components of macroeconomic announcements. Investors overweight the importance of historical information and do not make sufficient adjustments after the arrival of new information.
Diversity in cell differentiation, histology, phenotype and vasculature of mass‐forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas
Authors: Nguyen Canh Hiep , Takahashi Kenta , Yamamura Minako , Li Zihan , Sato Yasunori , Yoshimura Kaori , Kozaka Kazuto , Tanaka Minoru , Nakanuma Yasuni , Harada Kenichi 
Published: May 2021

AimsMass‐forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (MF‐iCCAs), involving small bile ducts, bile ductules or canals of Hering, remain treated as a single entity. We aimed to examine the diversity in histology, phenotype and tumour vasculature of MF‐iCCAs.Methods and resultsBased on morphology and immunophenotype, we classified MF‐iCCAs into small bile duct (SBD), cholangiolocarcinoma (CLC), ductal plate malformation (DPM) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)‐like subtypes. Genetic correlations among the histological subtypes were examined by multi‐region tumour sequencing. Vasculatures and other clinicopathological features were compared among tumour groups with various proportions of the histological subtypes in 62 MF‐iCCAs. Cases of pure SBD, CLC, DPM and HCC‐like subtypes numbered 18 (29%), seven (11.3%), none (0%) and two (3%), respectively; the remaining 35 (56.4%) cases comprised several components. Genetic alterations, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1/2, KRAS, TP53, polybromo‐1 (PBRM1) and BRCA1‐associated protein 1 (BAP1), were shared among SBD, CLC, DPM and hepatoid components within a tumour. We uncovered distinct vascularisation mechanisms among SBD, CLC and DPM subtypes with a prominent vessel co‐option in CLC tumours. iCCA with a DPM pattern had the highest vascular densities (mean microvascular density,140/mm2; arterial vessel density, 18.3/mm2). Increased CLC component was correlated with longer overall survival time (r = 0.44, P = 0.006). Pure SBD tumours had a lower 5‐year overall survival rate compared with MF‐iCCA with CLC pattern (30.5 versus 72.4%, P = 0.011).ConclusionsMF‐iCCAs comprise four histological subtypes. Given their sharing some driver gene alterations, indicating they can have a common cell origin, SBD, CLC and DPM subtypes, however, differ in cell differentiation, histology, phenotype or tumour vasculature.
Clinical comparison of instrumentation systems for periodontal debridement: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Puglisi Rosario , Santos Antonio , Pujol Angels , Ferrari Marco , Nart José , Pascual Andrés 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare clinical efficacy, chairside time and post‐treatment hypersensitivity of four instruments used for subgingival periodontal debridement.Materials & MethodsSeventeen patients with stage II and III periodontitis were enrolled in this randomized clinical trial using a split‐mouth design. Quadrants were randomly divided into four treatment groups: Group A: Gracey curettes‐Hu‐Friedy®; Group B: piezoelectric ultrasonic (Satelec®) with No.1S insert; Group C: diamond burs 40 µm (Intensiv Perioset®); and Group D: piezosurgery ultrasonic (Mectron®) with PP1 insert. Clinical outcomes, chairside time and hypersensitivity were assessed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. The primary outcome variable was improvement in clinical attachment level.ResultsAt 8 weeks post‐treatment, Gracey curettes, piezoelectric ultrasonic (Satelec®) and piezosurgery ultrasonic (Mectron®) were statistically more effective than diamond burs in increasing attachment level and reducing probing pocket depth. Comparison of piezoelectric ultrasonic (Satelec®) and piezosurgery ultrasonic (Mectron®) with the other instruments showed a statistical difference (p < 0.001) in chairside time. Regarding post‐treatment hypersensitivity, no statistical differences were observed in any of the groups.ConclusionsGracey curettes, piezoelectric ultrasonic (Satelec®) and piezosurgery ultrasonic (Mectron®) were clinically more effective than diamond burs 40 µm. The ultrasonic instruments showed a significant reduction in chairside time.
Graphene‐doped ZnS nanoparticles synthesized via hydrothermal route for enhanced electrocatalytic performance
Authors: Bhushan Medha , Jha Ranjana , Bhardwaj Rekha , Sharma Reetu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEnergy and ecological issues increase high stress on the growth of a sustainable energy system. Better electrocatalysts is an imperative way to achieve this goal. This manuscript highlights the electronic energy state and surface area engineering of zinc sulfide (ZnS) in the nanoscale regime. These properties make ZnS, an appropriate electrocatalyst for various energy applications. It was attained by controlling the concentration of graphene into ZnS nanoparticles. Graphene‐doped ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by simple hydrothermal route. Graphene hugely affects the structural, surface, optical, and electrochemical properties of ZnS nanoparticles. Here, 10% doping of graphene into ZnS nanoparticles double its surface area, and consequently, all other properties get varied. This sample shows the highest specific surface area of 143.05 m2/g and the highest pore diameter value of 6.02 nm. Electrocatalytic performance for synthesized samples has been verified using electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis. Using CV data analysis, peak current response with scan rate suggests that synthesized samples with higher graphene concentration have poor capacitive behavior. ZnS with 10% concentration of graphene possesses the highest capacitive behavior due to the fast transfer of charge/ions. Rate of flow of charge/ions into or on the electrodes is measured by a quantity called diffusion coefficient, have been calculated. Hence, the optimization of the doping concentration of graphene on ZnS is essential to obtain enhanced properties for energy applications. Also, the large concentration of graphene shield the absorption of electrolyte on ZnS surface, leading to weak electrocatalytic performance. EIS analysis reveals that smaller solution resistance and charge transfer resistance values are a sign of better electrical conductivity and electrocatalytic activity of the electrode materials. Various other characteristics studies like field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been done to confirm graphene‐doped ZnS nanoparticles’ formation and compare the properties variation from pure ZnS to graphene‐doped ZnS nanoparticles.
Transient changes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during dulce de leche preparation by a direct injection mass spectrometer based on proton transfer reaction (PTR‐MS)
Authors: Asaduzzaman Md , Haque Md Azizul , Banasaz Shahin , Morozova Ksenia , Ferrentino Giovanna , Scampicchio Matteo 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe capacity of a direct injection mass spectrometer based on proton transfer reaction (PTR‐MS) to monitor the transient changes of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during dulce de leche production was investigated. We found a correlation between the mass fingerprint and some physio‐chemical properties of the dulce de leche samples. The intensity of the selected mass fragments related to VOCs was positively correlated with the changes of solids content but negatively with that of water activity. Rheological and textural changes were also highly correlated with the intensity observed for several mass fragments. Hence, this relationship could be useful to predict the textural and rheological changes during heating a complex fluid. Although not all the correlations between physical changes and VOCs formation reflected a direct cause–effect relationship, but those results demonstrated the suitability of the PTR‐MS technique to monitor the quality changes even in complex food mixture during thermal processing.
Microstructure of mayenite 12CaO·7Al2O3 and electron emission characteristics
Authors: Sayir Ali , Berger Marie‐Hélène , Back Tyson C. , Mackey Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElectron emission characteristic, electrical conductivity of polycrystalline mayenite (12CaO·7Al2O3) electride, formation of [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e−)4 framework as a function of phase content, and microstructure have been investigated. The mayenite microstructure was investigated using high‐resolution transmission microscopy which revealed the type cage structure of 12CaO·7Al2O3 partially filled by extra‐framework oxygen ions. Incorporation of electrons by means of carbon ion template 12CaO·7Al2O3 produces complex structure, and an incomplete ion template 12CaO·7Al2O3 structure consisting of mixture of a [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e−)4 and [Ca24Al28O64]4+(O2−)2 framework had a direct effect on the electron emission. Surface chemistry and stability of the 12CaO·7Al2O3 electride have been studied using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The work function of phase pure 12CaO·7Al2O3 electride was determined from direct thermionic emission data and compared to the measurement from ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). Depending on the extent of ion template of 12CaO·7Al2O3 structure, a work function of 0.9–1.2 eV and 2.1–2.4 eV has been measured and thermionic emission initiating at 600°C.
Nursing home performance in a trial to reduce hospitalizations: Implications for future trials
Authors: Ouslander Joseph G. , Reyes Bernardo , Yang Zhiyou , Engstrom Gabriella , Tappen Ruth , Newman David , Huckfeldt Peter J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundExperience in trials of implementing quality improvement (QI) programs in nursing homes (NHs) has been variable. Understanding the characteristics of NHs that demonstrate improvements during these trials is critical to improving NH care.DesignSecondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of implementation of a QI program to reduce hospital transfers.ParticipantsSeventy‐one NHs that completed the 12‐month trialInterventionImplementation included distance‐learning strategies, involvement of a champion, regular submission of data on hospitalizations and root cause analyses of transfers, and training, feedback and support.MeasurementsPrimary outcomes included all‐cause and potentially avoidable hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits per 1000 NH resident days, and the percentage of residents readmitted in 30‐days. We compared multiple other variables that could influence effective program implementation in NHs in the highest versus lowest quartile of changes in the primary outcomes.ResultsThe 18 high‐performing NHs had significant reductions in hospitalization and ED visits, whereas the 18 NHs in the low‐performing group had increases. The difference in changes in each outcome varied between a reduction of 0.75 and 2.30 events relative to a NH with a census of 100; the absolute difference in 30‐day readmissions was 19%. None of the variables we examined reached significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons between the groups. There was no consistent pattern of differences in nonprofit status, nursing staffing, and quality ratings.ConclusionOur experience and reviews of other NH trials suggest that key factors contributing to successful implementation QI programs in NHs remain unclear. To improve NH care, implementation trials should account for intervention fidelity and factors that have not been examined in detail, such as degree and nature of leadership support, financial and regulatory incentives, quality measures, resident and family perspectives, and the availability of onsite high‐quality medical care and support of the medical director.
Politically directed accumulation in rural China: The making of the agrarian capitalist class and the new agrarian question of capital
Authors: Zhang Qian Forrest , Zeng Hongping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study the formation of the agrarian capitalist class in the pig farming sector in a Chinese county. We propose a new framework for analyzing the dynamics of accumulation and class formation in agriculture that focuses on the role of the state and public resources. In what we call “politically directed accumulation,” local states in China, driven by a political logic of maximizing fiscal resources and improving performance record, select actors who either have accumulated non‐agrarian capital or possess political capital to serve as their agents (political selection) and then capitalize their farming operations by transferring to them public resources (political capitalization), creating a new agrarian capitalist class. The accumulation in this case happens largely without the dispossession of other agricultural producers but instead is assisted by the state's mobilization of public resources. This study advances the call for the renewal of the agrarian question of capital and proposes that the role of the state is now the most important factor in creating different paths of agrarian transition.
Gigantic parasitic leiomyoma of 19 kg in a postmenopausal woman: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: De Brakeleer Evy , Van Eeckhout Eddy , Sahebali Shaira , Cosyns Stefan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractParasitic leiomyomas are a rare subtype of subserosal uterine leiomyomas and are mostly found incidentally. Diagnosis is challenging and treatment consists out of complete surgical resection. Cases are few in women without history of uterine surgery. In this extraordinary case, a 56‐year‐old menopausal female suffering from backache and abdominal swelling, was suspected to have a huge malignant ovarian tumor. She underwent a resection of the mass along with hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oöphorectomy. Histopathology revealed a gigantic leiomyoma of 19.1 kg in the broad ligament. This unique case suggests taking this diagnosis into account in future clinical cases presenting with large abdominal masses even without previous uterine surgery.
Reframing the History of the Competition Concept: Neoliberalism, Meritocracy, Modernity
Authors: Hearn Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper reframes the concept of competition, arguing that recent tendencies to frame it in the context of neoliberalism are too narrow to grasp its full significance. We need to see how it operates well beyond the capitalist economy, as a social and not just theoretical concept. I contextualise it in a deeper history, going back to the eighteenth century, beginning with an empirical examination of the development of the concept in English language dictionaries and encyclopaedias, using a method of ‘conceptual history’. I show how the concept, its grammatical forms, and characteristic associations have evolved substantially since the eighteenth century. This finding is placed in a broader explanatory context, arguing that it is the combined rise of a set of core institutions of modernity, not just capitalism but also democracy, adversarial law, science, and civil society, that deeply embeds competition in the modern world. The decline of aristocratic and religious authority, and the national subordination of martial power, opened the way for more ‘liberal’ forms of society in which authority is routinely contested through competition, across economy, politics, culture and beliefs. Appreciating this is a necessary step towards truly grappling with the effects of competition on modern life.
Defensive decision making: Operationalization and the relevance of psychological safety and job insecurity from a conservation of resources perspective
Authors: Marx‐Fleck Stefanie , Junker Nina M. , Artinger Florian , van Dick Rolf 
Published: May 2021

Defensive decision making occurs when the decision‐maker does not choose the option that is in the best interest of an organization or client but instead chooses a less effective but lower risk alternative that protects him or her in case something goes wrong. Such decisions are widespread across occupations and sectors and cause substantive damage to organizations. In a first step, we developed a scale to measure defensive decision making and test its validity. The scale covers two distinct but related dimensions: avoidance and approach. In a subsequent, two‐wave study, we examined the antecedents of defensive decision making using conservation of resources theory as a theoretical lens. An environment characterized by higher psychological safety can reduce resource depletion and diminishes defensive decision making. In contrast, job insecurity can result in a threat to personal resources, which increases the likelihood that employees choose defensive decision​s.Practitioners points

People engage in defensive decision making as a means to protect their own resources from exhaustion.

Organizations can reduce the number of defensive decisions by enhancing situational resources such as psychological safety.

The short and preliminarily validated scale we developed can be used to make defensive decisions visible in organizations.
Heat‐not‐burn tobacco (IQOS), oral fibroblasts and keratinocytes: cytotoxicity, morphological analysis, apoptosis and cellular cycle. An in vitro study
Authors: Pagano Stefano , Negri Paolo , Coniglio Maddalena , Bruscoli Stefano , Di Michele Alessandro , Marchetti Maria Cristina , Valenti Chiara , Gambelunghe Angela , Fanasca Luca , Billi Monia , Cianetti Stefano , Marinucci Lorella 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this work is to investigate the biological effects of IQOS smoking on human gingival fibroblasts and human keratinocytes analysing cell viability, morphology, migration, apoptosis and cell cycle.BackgroundElectronic cigarettes and tobacco heating systems have been marketed to reduce smoking damages caused by combustion.MethodsHuman gingival fibroblasts and human keratinocytes viability was determined by a colorimetric assay measuring mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (MTT assay); after an in vitro exposure of 24 h, cell morphology was analysed with scanning electron microscope and cell migration was tested by Scratch assay, a method to mimic the migration of the cells during wound healing in vivo. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analysed with flow cytometry, and the expression of related genes (p53, Bcl2, p16 and p21) was indagated using real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsIQOS extracts increased both cell viability (23%‐41% with fibroblasts and 30%‐79% with keratinocytes) and migration. No morphological alterations were observed. IQOS extracts did not induced an increase in cell death, but rose the number of S‐ and G2/M‐phase cells. IQOS extracts also significantly increased p53 expression by fibroblasts (undiluted and 6.25% dilution, 2‐ and 3.6‐fold higher, respectively) and reduced both Bcl2 (about two‐ and fivefold, respectively) and p21 expressions (about twofold with both extracts), while on keratinocytes both undiluted and 6.25% dilution extracts increased Bcl2 expression (about four‐ and threefold higher, respectively) and reduced p53 expression (about two‐ and fivefold, respectively).ConclusionIQOS smoke seemed to induce proliferation as highlighted by a viability assay, and migration and cell cycle analysis. The increased cell proliferation induced by IQOS devices must be carefully investigated for its possible clinical effects on oral cell populations.