bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Brook Trout Passage at Road Culverts to Broadscale Assessment Criteria in a Pennsylvania Headwater Stream
Authors: Rogers Karli M. , Rummel Shawn M. , Lavelle Kathleen M. , Duchamp Joseph E. , Niles Jonathan M. , Janetski David J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Restoring stream connectivity by replacing road culverts is a high conservation priority, yet long-term fish passage data aimed to “ground-truth” culvert prioritization methods are lacking. One common tool for prioritizing culvert removals is the protocol developed by the North Atlantic Aquatic Connectivity Collaborative (NAACC), which uses culvert characteristics to estimate barrier severity and fish passage. To determine the degree to which NAACC scoring reflects trout passage, we monitored Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis movements through three culverts and a reference site (no culvert) in a central Pennsylvania watershed. Passage was nearly continuously monitored for 16 months using remote stationary PIT tag readers. We found that NAACC ranks underestimated Brook Trout passage through two of three culverts. Specifically, the culvert with a rank of “reduced aquatic organism passage (AOP)” experienced higher rates of upstream passage (up to 10 upstream movements per day) than all other sites combined, including the reference site. The reduced AOP site also had a similar proportion of the tagged population that moved upstream (20.9%) compared to the reference site (16.9%). Of the two remaining culverts, both box culverts rated as “no AOP,” one had almost no upstream passage (only two upstream movements over the entire study) and the other had passage rates similar to the reference stream (up to four upstream movements per day). Brook Trout tended to move during high flow and the fall spawning period. We suggest that, for the streams considered in our study, the NAACC protocol may better predict upstream passage if it emphasizes culvert type and adjusts measurement thresholds in the AOP coarse screening. If these patterns are supported by studies at other locations, a more nuanced treatment of culvert type and outlet characteristics in NAACC protocols may more accurately predict Brook Trout passage through culverts.
Treating the most vulnerable: A discursive review of experimental pain in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Iversen Wm. Larkin , Cowan Ronald L. , Atalla Sebastian , Englehart Sydney S. , Gure Tanya R. , Moss Karen O. , Ryan Claire M. , Scharre Douglas W. , Wright Kathy D. , Monroe Todd B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe purpose of this manuscript is to summarize research on how experimental pain is experienced by adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to translate results into implications for nurses.DesignThis discursive review synthesizes the results of three previous research studies exploring experimental pain in adults with AD.MethodsUsing a series of fictional clinical vignettes, the authors discuss how the results from three previous papers using acute experimental pain can potentially be translated into clinical practice. The authors also introduce the reader to the concept of research‐related psychophysics using introductory definitions and concepts with the impetus to encourage other nurses to consider this research methodology.ResultsPain characteristics in AD that differ from cognitively intact controls must be explored to properly address pain in this population. Nurses are well positioned to address these issues in order to provide a high quality of care to adults with AD.
Correlating polymer structure, dynamics, and function with atomic force microscopy
Authors: Murphy Julia G. , Raybin Jonathan G. , Sibener Steven J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince its development, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become an indispensable tool for investigating fundamental and technological applications of polymer materials. The versatility of AFM imaging modes and operating conditions allows for nanoscale characterization of a range of dynamic processes, such as crystallization, phase separation, self assembly, and electronic transport. Advances in AFM technology, particularly high‐speed and high‐resolution imaging, enable investigation of polymer structure, function, and dynamics in real world conditions and across a range of relevant spatial and temporal scales. In this perspective, we highlight a collection of recent polymer studies that utilize AFM to correlate the function and structure of polymer films, with focus on its multiparametric imaging capabilities. As the complexity of polymer materials and morphologies continues to increase, AFM is well poised to meet the accompanying demand for nanoscale imaging and characterization.
Microscopic Imaging and Optical Pressure Measurements of Detonations
Authors: Gunduz I. Emre 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe microstructure of solid high explosives can affect their safety and performance. However, the extreme conditions in the vicinity of detonating explosives make high‐resolution imaging and data acquisition challenges. A new diagnostic method is presented here that allows microscopic imaging of self‐supported detonations while optically measuring pressures in an arbitrary confiner material nearby using an imaging fiber and an image intensifier at a safe distance. Tests with pressed pellets of HMX and PBX 9501 revealed features during pore collapse in engineered holes and detonation reaction zone morphology and thickness. Interface experiments allowed the measurement of pressure at the boundary between the explosive and a silicone polymer and the determination of the specific heat ratio for the gaseous products. The same methodology can be used to fit any form of equation‐of‐state and Hugoniot curves for arbitrary materials using few simple experiments.
Nanobiosensor‐based diagnostic tools in viral infections: Special emphasis on Covid‐19
Authors: Misra Ranjita , Acharya Sarbari , Sushmitha Nehru 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe rapid propagation of novel human coronavirus 2019 and its emergence as a pandemic raising morbidity calls for taking more appropriate measures for rapid improvement of present diagnostic techniques which are time‐consuming, labour‐intensive and non‐portable. In this scenario, biosensors can be considered as a means to outmatch customary techniques and deliver point‐of‐care diagnostics for many diseases in a much better way owing to their speed, cost‐effectiveness, accuracy, sensitivity and selectivity. Besides this, these biosensors have been aptly used to detect a wide spectrum of viruses thus facilitating timely delivery of correct therapy. The present review is an attempt to analyse such different kinds of biosensors that have been implemented for virus detection. Recently, the field of nanotechnology has given a great push to diagnostic techniques by the development of smart and miniaturised nanobiosensors which have enhanced the diagnostic procedure and taken it to a new level. The portability, hardiness and affordability of nanobiosensor make them an apt diagnostic agent for different kinds of viruses including SARS‐CoV‐2. The role of such novel nanobiosensors in the diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 has also been addressed comprehensively in the present review. Along with this, the challenges and future position of developing such ultrasensitive nanobiosensors which should be taken into consideration before declaring these nano‐weapons as the ideal futuristic gold standard of diagnosis has also been accounted for here.
Recommendations for Workforce Development in Regenerative Medicine Biomanufacturing
Authors: Green Gary M. , Read Russ H. , Lee Sengyong , Tubon Thomas , Hunsberger Joshua G. , Atala Anthony 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In its 2019 report, The Skilled Technical Workforce: Crafting America's Science and Engineering Enterprise, the National Science Board recommended a national charge to create a skilled technical workforce (STW) driven by science and engineering. The RegenMed Development Organization (ReMDO), through its RegeneratOR Workforce Development Initiative, has taken on this challenge beginning with an assessment of regenerative medicine (RM) biomanufacturing knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) needed for successful employment. While STW often refers only to associate degree or other prebaccalaureate prepared technicians, the RM biomanufacturing survey included responses related to baccalaureate prepared technicians. Three levels of preparation were articulated in the research: basic employability skills, core bioscience skills, and RM biomanufacturing technical skills. The first two of these skill levels have been defined by previous research and are generally accepted as foundational—the Common Employability Skills developed by the National Network of Business and Industry Associations and the Core Skill Standards for Bioscience Technicians developed by the National Center for the Biotechnology Workforce. Fifteen skill sets addressing the specialized needs of RM and related biotechnology sectors were identified in the ReMDO survey, defining a third level of KSAs needed for entry-level employment in RM biomanufacturing. The purpose of the article is to outline the KSAs necessary for RM biomanufacturing, quantify the skills gap that currently exists between skills required by employers and those acquired by employees and available in the labor market, and make recommendations for the application of these findings.
Design, Synthesis, In silico and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Novel Bis‐Furanyl‐Chalcone Derivatives Linked through Alkyl Spacers
Authors: Fathi Esraa M. , Sroor Farid M. , Mahrous Karima F. , Mohamed Magda F. , Mahmoud Khaled , Emara Marwan , Elwahy Ahmed H. M. , Abdelhamid Ismail A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA novel series of bis(furan‐based chalcone) derivatives linked to aliphatic linkers, with the furan units at the A‐ or B‐rings, were synthesized and evaluated as anticancer agents. Chalcones 5 a–c in which the furan ring designed to be a B‐ring were obtained from the Knoevenagel condensation reactions of the appropriate bis(acetyl) compounds 3 a–c with two equivalents of furan‐2‐aldehyde. Likewise, the condensation of bis(aldehydes) 7 a–c with two equivalents of 2‐acetylfuran afforded the corresponding chalcones 9 a–c, in which the furan rings represent the A‐rings of the chalcones, in excellent yields. The synthesized compounds have been fully characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and elemental analysis. The in vitro anticancer activity of the prepared compounds was tested against A549, HCT116, HePG2, PC3, A431 and BJ1 cell lines using MTT assay, gene expression analysis of skin and lung cancer related genes, comet assay, and DNA fragmentation assy. Compounds 9 a and 9 c were found to be the most promising, with IC50 (24.9 and 13.7 μg/ml, respectively) against A549 compared with doxorubicin (IC50, 28.3 μg/ml) and IC50 (26.1 and 14.4 μg/ml, respectively) against A431 in comparison to doxorubicin (IC50, 24.9 μg/ml). Comapred with neagtive control cell lines, the gene expression levels of hBD‐2 and hBD‐3 genes were decreased singnificantly (P<0.05) in positive control and skin cancer cell lines (A431) treated with compounds 9 a and 9 c. The expression levels of FOSB and IL‐8 genes were increased singnificantly (P<0.05) in positive control and lung cancer cell lines (A549 and A541) treated with compounds 9 a and 9 c, respectively, comapred with neagtive control cell lines. The DNA damage was increased significantly (P<0.001) in treated skin and lung cell lines samples compared with negative control. The negative control skin and lung cancer cell lines showed a significant decrease (P< 0.05) in DNA fragmentation rate compared with positive control. On the other hand, the DNA fragmentation rates were increased significantly (P<0.001) in treated skin and lung cell lines samples compared with negative control. In summary, the synthesized compounds 9 a and 9 c showed a significant anticancer activity against lung and skin cancer cell lines compared with known chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin).
Using Quantum Density Functional Theory Methods to Study the Adsorption of Fluorouracil Drug on Pristine and Al, Ga, P and As Doped Boron Nitride Nanosheets
Authors: Maleki Parisa Amirkhani , Nemati‐Kande Ebrahim , Saray Akbar Abdi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFluorouracil (5‐FU) is one of the most essential drugs, and widely used to treat different types of cancers. However, direct injection of 5‐FU causes many inevitable side effects, and therefore, the design of new and targeted drug delivery methods can reduce such undesirable effects. In the present work, density functional theory methods at B3LYP‐D3(BJ)/6‐31 g* level of theory were used to study the pristine and Al, Ga, P and As doped monolayer boron nitride (BN) nanosheets, as possible adsorption substrates for modern and targeted nanotechnology based drug delivery methods. Natural bond orbitals and quantum theory of atoms in molecules analyses were further used to reveal the physicochemical nature of the adsorption process. It was found that, adsorption process is endothermic in all studied cases, and the interactions energies are in the range of physisorption for pristine, P and As doped BN nanosheets, whereas, the chemical absorption of the 5‐FU on Al and Ga doped nanosheets was obtained with adsorption energies of −45.7 and −46.3 kcal/mol, respectively. The calculated solvation energies also show that, the dissolution of the 5‐FU/nanosheet complexes in water is more than the pristine nanosheets. The overall results confirm the great potential of the studied nanosheets and specially Al and Ga doped BNNSs as promising drug delivery substances in modern targeted drug delivery methods for 5‐FU drug.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of Diarylmethanes through Visible‐Light Induced Radical Reactions with Arylamines
Authors: Wang Youjia , Duan Ruochen , Wu Yanhui , Li Xulian , Deng Chao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn efficient method for synthesis of diarylmethanes with arylamines by using a transition‐metal free photo‐induced radical Csp3‐H bond activation strategy has been achieved. This protocol proceeds under mild reaction condition and represents the first metal‐free radical strategy for synthesis of diarylmethanes with arylamines. The control experiments illustrated that the methylene radical involved in this process and play an important role in this reaction
Vacancy‐Mediated Hydrogen Spillover Improving Hydrogen Storage Properties and Air Stability of Metal Hydrides
Authors: Shi Rui , Yan Haoxing , Zhang Jiguang , Gao Haiguang , Zhu Yunfeng , Liu Yana , Hu Xiaohui , Zhang Yao , Li Liquan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHydrogen storage in metal hydrides is a promising solution for sustainable and clean energy carriers. Although Mg‐based metal hydrides are considered as potential hydrogen storage media, severe surface passivation has limited their industrial application. In this study, a simple, cheap, and efficient method is proposed to produce highly reactive and air‐stable bulk Mg–Ni‐based hydrides by rapid treatment with water for 3 min. The nickel‐decorated Mg(OH)2 nanosheets formed in situ during hydrolysis can provide a pathway for hydrogen desorption via vacancy‐mediated hydrogen spillover, as revealed by density functional theory calculations, thereby significantly decreasing the peak dehydrogenation temperature by 108.2 °C. Moreover, water‐activated hydrides can be stored under ambient conditions without surface decay and activity loss, exhibiting excellent air stability, which can be attributed to the chemical stability of the surface layer. The results provide alternative insights into the design of highly active, air‐stable metal hydrides with low cost and promote the industrial application of hydrogen energy.
Software system to predict the infection in COVID‐19 patients using deep learning and web of things
Authors: Singh Ashima , Kaur Amrita , Dhillon Arwinder , Ahuja Sahil , Vohra Harpreet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince the end of 2019, computed tomography (CT) images have been used as an important substitute for the time‐consuming Reverse Transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) test; a new coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) disease has been detected and has quickly spread through many countries across the world. Medical imaging such as computed tomography provides great potential due to growing skepticism toward the sensitivity of RT‐PCR as a screening tool. For this purpose, automated image segmentation is highly desired for a clinical decision aid and disease monitoring. However, there is limited publicly accessible COVID‐19 image knowledge, leading to the overfitting of conventional approaches. To address this issue, the present paper focuses on data augmentation techniques to create synthetic data. Further, a framework has been proposed using WoT and traditional U‐Net with EfficientNet B0 to segment the COVID Radiopedia and Medseg datasets automatically. The framework achieves an F‐score of 0.96, which is best among state‐of‐the‐art methods. The performance of the proposed framework also computed using Sensitivity, Specificity, and Dice‐coefficient, achieves 84.5%, 93.9%, and 65.0%, respectively. Finally, the proposed work is validated using three quality of service (QoS) parameters such as server latency, response time, and network latency which improves the performance by 8%, 7%, and 10%, respectively.
Interaction of collinear interface cracks between dissimilar one‐dimensional hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystals
Authors: Hu Keqiang , Gao Cunfa , Zhong Zheng , Chen Zengtao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the interaction of collinear interface cracks between dissimilar one‐dimensional (1D) hexagonal quasicrystals with piezoelectric effect under anti‐plane shear and in‐plane electric loading has been studied. By using complex variable method the mixed boundary value problem for the interface cracks was reduced to the solution of Riemann‐Hilbert problem. Analytic full‐field solution for phonon and phason stresses, electric fields, electric displacement in the cracked bi‐materials has been obtained based on the electrically permeable crack model. The electric field and electric displacement inside the interface cracks are found to be nonlinearly distributed under line loadings. The field intensity factors of the interface cracks depend on both the mechanical and electric load for the line loading case, but the field intensity factors depend only on mechanical loading when the uniform loadings are applied at infinity. The investigation of the SIFs of neighboring interface cracks has been used to predict possible crack propagation. It is found that when the neighboring cracks are close enough, the inner crack tips are more likely to propagate and when the neighboring cracks are far away from each other, the outer crack tip of the bigger crack has more possibility to propagate.
Wellbeing Literacy and Positive Education
Authors: Oades Lindsay G. , Baker Lisa M. , Francis Jacqueline J. , Taylor Jessica A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWellbeing literacy is a capability involving the vocabulary and knowledge about wellbeing, and skills of communicating, via multimodal pathways, for the wellbeing of oneself and others, in a way that is context sensitive and intentional. Wellbeing literacy offers three key benefits. Firstly, it may orient our focus towards wellbeing capabilities and processes, allowing for measurement and consideration of factors enabling or blocking wellbeing development. Secondly, wellbeing literacy provides an avenue to integrate positive education into education systems, drawing on existing multimodal learning and teaching capacities and strengths, while addressing existing curriculum requirements. Thirdly, wellbeing literacy is contextually sensitive and applicable to individuals and the systems in which they exist. Importantly, wellbeing literacy may provide the essential conduit between wellbeing interventions and wellbeing outcomes, and thereby be a necessary component for creating and sustaining well lives, providing a common language to build wellbeing capabilities within schools and their communities.
Implementation of Positive Education Projects in Hong Kong
Authors: Kwok Sylvia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractApplying the PERMA model, several positive education projects were launched in pre-primary, primary, high schools, and universities in Hong Kong. The projects were guided by a six-level implementation process described as learn it, live it, reflect it, conceptualize it, apply it and embed it. The pre-primary school project focused on the character strengths of creativity, bravery, hope, love, altruism, honesty, gratitude, and forgiveness. The whole school positive education project in primary schools aimed to enhance the wellbeing of teachers and students, and involved teacher trainings, parent workshops, student activities, and a positive education curriculum. The high school project emphasized promoting optimism, hope, and character strengths, aiming to decrease students’ anxiety. The university project aimed to nurture and enhance the development of students’ positive emotions, relationships, purpose, accomplishments, engagement, and health. The projects were effective in increasing the wellbeing and decreasing the mental health problems of students. Characteristics of the positive education projects and factors affecting effectiveness of the projects are discussed and suggestions for future direction of positive education in Hong Kong are proposed.
Positive Education in Practice
Authors: Arguís-Rey Ricardo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, there has been significant growth in positive education programs and experiences around the world. From an international perspective, there is considerable variety in practices in this field. It is encouraging to note that positive psychology is entering the classrooms and becoming an important movement for educators in many countries. But at the same time, it is critical to reflect on the evolution of this movement and assess whether its implementation is having the desired effects. Current practices are varied and not all of them meet necessary quality standards. Furthermore, it is necessary to analyse the enabling and hindering conditions that arise from practice in educational settings, so as to better understand what is working well and what needs to be improved. This chapter discusses these issues, suggests proposals for implementation for practitioners, and highlights the necessity for positive education to be available for all educational settings and contexts, regardless of characteristics or financial resources.
Syntheses of ‘Hemtex’ Simulants of Energetic Materials and Millimetre Wave Characterisation Using the Teraview CW400 Spectrometer: Fundamental Studies for Detection Applications
Authors: Desai Hemant J. , Lacey Richard , Acheampong Daniel O. , Clark Anthony , Dixon Philip , Hogbin Matthew , Hudson Robert , Pollock Sam , Waheed Usman , Whitmore Hannah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExplosives or energetic materials are hazardous, expensive and difficult to handle safely. As such there is a need for simulant explosive materials in order to conduct work without these issues being present. This chapter describes characterisation of a set of simulant materials with respect to millimetre wave and submillimetre wave threat detection technologies. The properties examined were the real and imaginary parts of the relative permittivity. The simulants are based on a modular approach to design appropriate chemical and physical properties which mimic explosives. Collectively, these materials are referred to as Hemtex and can be tailored to match various requirements. The subset of Hemtex materials used in this study were designed to reflect the properties of Semtex and the results of the characterisation showed promise for use as Semtex substitutes.