bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Test Methods on Corrosion Phenomena of Steel in Highly Resistive Concrete Systems and Data Interpretations
Authors: Rengaraju Sripriya , Pillai Radhakrishna G. , Gettu Ravindra , Neelakantan Lakshman 
Published: January 2021

Fly ash and limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) are being used in concrete to enhance chloride resistance. In this study, 60 specimens (with steel in three separate binder systems, namely 100% ordinary Portland cement [OPC], 70% OPC + 30% fly ash, and LC3 with surface resistivity of ≈10 kΩ·cm, ≈25 kΩ·cm, and ≈200 kΩ·cm, respectively) were subjected to impressed corrosion, and the results were compared with 15 lollipop steel-mortar specimens subjected to natural corrosion under a wet-dry chloride environment. It was found that the traditional method of impressed corrosion tests can induce microstructural changes in highly resistive concrete cover and at the steel/concrete interface; hence, these methods are not suitable for evaluating corrosion resistance (such as corrosion rate and corrosion-induced cracking) in highly resistive concrete systems. Further, the Raman spectra from the corroded steel surfaces indicated that the impressed corrosion and natural corrosion tests led to different forms of corrosion (i.e., uniform and pitting, respectively) and different compositions of corrosion products (i.e., α-Fe2O3 and β-FeOOH phases). This led to different expansive stresses, making the lab-to-field correlations inappropriate in the case of highly resistive concrete systems. This paper recommends natural corrosion tests exposed to wet-dry conditions and not the impressed corrosion tests for assessing corrosion phenomena of steel in highly resistive concrete systems.
Effect of Elasticity on Electrical Properties of Weft-Knitted Conductive Fabrics
Authors: Han Xiaoxue , Miao Xuhong , Chen Xiaohan , Niu Li , Wan Ailan 
Published: January 2021

Because of softness and lightness, various flexible sensors have attracted extensive attention and been widely studied. Sensing mechanism of most wearable sensors is derived from an elastic substrate, such as fabric or polymer materials. Although the mechanical-electrical performance of several flexible sensors has been reported, including sensitivity, linearity hysteresis and repeatability, research on the effects of substrate elasticity on sensor capacity is scarce. In this paper, the impact of spandex content, washing and ironing processing on the elasticity of weft knitted sensors was investigated by the constant- extension test method. Afterwards, differences in sensing properties between diverse elastic sensors under single as well as repeated stretch were reported. The experimental results showed that spandex content does influence the elasticity of knitted fabric, which has a further great effect on sensing properties. A highly elastic sensor is capable of detecting large-scale human motions, while sensors with lower elasticity are opposite, which demonstrates that elastic sensors can be designed and chosen to meet the requirements of detecting and monitoring distinct human motions.
Orthogonal Multiple Access
Authors: Escudero‐Garzás José J. , Céspedes Máximo M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Orthogonal multiple access (MA) techniques harmonize the access of multiple users to the network, thus preventing the collision of transmissions from different users. Preserving the orthogonality between transmissions can be achieved in the frequency domain MA, time domain MA, and code domain MA techniques that have been used in 2G and 3G. A more robust technique, known as orthogonal frequency division MA, combines time and frequency domains and was incorporated to LTE (Long Term Evolution). For 5G New Radio, the adoption of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)‐based MA implies significant differences related, among others, to the fact that NR supports different numerologies according to the selected subcarrier spacing.
Vehicle‐To‐Vehicle Channels
Authors: Bian Ji , Wang Cheng‐Xiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) channel modeling is critical for the design and performance evaluation of intelligent transportation systems and mobile ad hoc networks, which enables vehicles to access various information and therefore improve traffic efficiency and driving safety. This article first reviews the recent V2V channel measurements and discusses important V2V channel characteristics. The differences between V2V channels and conventional cellular channels are clarified. Then, a comprehensive review of V2V channel models, which include two‐dimensional (2D) V2V channel models, three‐dimensional (3D) V2V channel models, 3D nonstationary V2V channel models, general 5G channel models supporting V2V communication scenarios, and multimobility V2V channel model allowing for velocity and trajectory variations, is provided. Furthermore, important statistical properties of the multimobility V2V channel model such as spatial‐temporal cross‐correlation function (ST‐CCF), Doppler power spectrum density (PSD), Doppler spread, and stationary interval are provided. Finally, conclusions and future research directions are summarized.
Other Channels
Authors: Wang Jue , Li Ye , Khuwaja Aziz A. , Feng Wei , Chen Yunfei , Ge Ning 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the fast development of Internet of Things in the 5G era, it has been attracting increasing research attention to provide broadband wireless data coverage in the remote rural and maritime areas. Owing to the geographical limitation of available base station (BS) sites in these tough scenarios, various transmission platforms, e.g. elevated terrestrial BSs, unmanned aerial vehicles, and satellites, should be exploited collaboratively, so as to form a three‐dimensional layered cellular network. Intuitively, different transmission platforms may correspond to quite different wireless channel models because of their different heights, as well as different propagation environments. This renders it challenging to elaborately establish an efficient remote rural/maritime network. In this article, we provide a survey on the remote rural/maritime channel models, aiming to support practical network designs, and offer a comprehensive reference for practitioners. Particularly, we discuss typical transmission scenarios for the remote rural/maritime coverage, the possible frequency bands, and more importantly, the available path loss and small‐scale fading models for the wireless channels. Different from conventional urban/suburban scenarios, we also briefly discuss potential approaches to exploit the unique characteristic of remote rural/maritime wireless channels.
3GPP TR 38.901 Channel Model
Authors: Zhu Qiuming , Wang Cheng‐Xiang , Hua Boyu , Mao Kai , Jiang Shan , Yao Mengtian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) recommends an accurate and compatible stochastic channel model for 0–100 GHz frequency band, which is useful to design, optimize, and evaluate the fifth‐generation (5G) systems. This standardized model can be acquired by generating the large‐ and small‐scale fading models. This article firstly reviews the main existing channel models suitable for millimeter‐wave (mmWave) frequency band as well as the typical channel modeling methods, i.e. the deterministic and stochastic models. Secondly, the generation procedure of stochastic channel model in the 3GPP standard (TR 38.901) is illustrated in detail. The large‐ and small‐scale fading parts are also simulated to demonstrate the effect of channel parameters on the channel characteristics. Finally, as an alternative model in the 3GPP standard, the map‐based hybrid channel model is demonstrated and analyzed. When the digital map and material parameters of obstacles are known, this model can predict the channel characteristics accurately using the ray‐tracing (RT) method.
SDMN Security
Authors: de Oca Edgardo Montes 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSoftware‐Defined Mobile Networks (SDMNs) is a rapidly emerging paradigm that involves designing and implementing mobile networks and functions as software allowing the introduction of generic, commodity, and off‐the‐shelf hardware and software in the core and radio access parts. It involves separating the data and control planes (SDN) and introducing Network Function Virtualization (NFV). These architectural and technical changes introduce new capabilities with respect to manageability, scalability, and dynamicity but also new vulnerabilities that will be discussed in this section, followed by the presentation of different solutions. Particular focus is made on distributed and highly flexible and programmable security monitoring architectures since they are important for providing the awareness of the state of the network at all levels (i.e. from the application to physical layers, at the data, and control planes) and enable the prevention and reaction to security breaches involving anomalies, sensitive data loss, and cyber‐attacks.
Caching in Wireless Device‐To‐Device Networks
Authors: Wan Kai , Ji Mingyue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDevice‐to‐Device (D2D) communication is an important component in 5G communication technology due to the relative short‐communication range and high‐frequency reuse. In this article, we consider a specific D2D technology termed cache‐aided D2D communication or D2D caching networks, where devices can store content in their local storage and serve each other when part/all of the requested contents are available in their local storage. In the literature, researchers have shown that the gain in terms of communication load or throughput of D2D caching networks compared to the conventional cellular network is multiplicative as a function of the per‐device storage size. These fundamental results lead to a significant attention of the D2D caching network in recent years. In this article, we review some of the important results in this research area. First, we discuss D2D caching networks under a simplified channel model calledprotocol model. This can provide us some key insights of the gain achieved by D2D caching networks. In this part, we investigate both coded and uncoded delivery approaches. Second, we relax this simplified model assumption and apply more realistic physical layer channel model and Poisson Point Processes(PPPs) for the user device location distributions. This article focuses on different modeling, performance metrics, and analysis approaches of D2D caching networks.
5G
Control Plane Advances
Authors: Qi Caixia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
5G control plane supports several new functions based on the requirements from diverse new services and different virtualized deployment scenarios. For the services with low latency, control and user plane separation function allows deploying user plane function (UPF) closer to radio access network. For the services with high reliability, ultrareliable and low‐latency communication function provides redundant transmission mechanism to the related packets. For the services with high mobility, session and service continuity mode function supports service continuity for different applications when the routing is optimized. Network slicing function provides customized networks to meet customized market needs, including customized functions, capability, and deployments, and topology enhancement function gives more flexibility to the deployment of session management function and UPF.
Big Data Analytics for 5G Networks: Utilities, Frameworks, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Taufique Azar , Rizwan Ali , Imran Ali , Arshad Kamran , Zoha Ahmed , Abbasi Qammer H. , Imran Muhammad A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn order to meet the challenges of ambitious capacity, user experience, and resource efficiency gains, the next‐generation cellular networks need to leverage end‐to‐end user and network behavior intelligence. This intelligence can be gathered from the mobile network big data which includes the massive telemetric data about network health and status as well as data about user whereabouts, preferences, context, and mobility patterns. As a result, exploitation of big data on wireless cellular network is emerging as an indispensable approach for harnessing intelligence in future wireless communication networks. In this article, we first identify and classify the big data that can be gathered from different layers and ends of a wireless cellular network. We then discuss several new utilities of the big data that can bridge the existing gaps to meet 5G requirements. After that we summarize the existing literature on data analytics for cellular network performance. We present different platforms and two different frameworks to implement big data analytic‐based solutions in 5G and beyond and compare their pros and cons. We then discuss how key performance indicators (KPIs)‐based data collection may not suffice in 5G. Through an exemplary study, we show how to unleash the full potential hidden within the big data, granularity of low‐level performance indicators, and how context is essential. Finally, we highlight the opportunities that can be availed from big data in cellular network and the challenges therein.
5GforV2X
Authors: Sroka Paweł , Kliks Adrian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWireless communications between vehicles have been evolving for many decades, gaining more and more attention by car manufacturers and popularity by car drivers; in recent years, research activities in this domain have significantly accelerated. Development toward fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks creates great opportunities for inclusion of automotive vertical sectors in the overall ecosystem of cellular communications. However, the proliferation of IEEE 802.11p‐based solutions causes that these technologies have to efficiently coexist, leading potentially for tighter convergence in the future. In that context, in this article, the provided overview of key and dominant solutions in the domain of vehicle‐to‐anything (V2X) wireless communications is complemented with selected, practical applications of the described technologies. Next, the research achievements and current standardization activities for V2X communications within 5G community are followed by the analysis of the futuristic concept of edge intelligence, where context information is processed by dedicated units mounted on surrounding infrastructure for better communication and decision‐making by, possibly autonomous, cars. The whole article is concluded with a brief description of V2X‐related challenges lying ahead of automotive and wireless communications industry.
Uridine‐responsive epileptic encephalopathy due to inherited variants in CAD: A Tale of Two Siblings
Authors: McGraw Christopher M. , Mahida Sonal , Jayakar Parul , Koh Hyun Yong , Taylor Alan , Resnick Trevor , Rodan Lance , Schwartz Marc A. , Ejaz Ayesha , Sankaran Vijay G. , Berry Gerard , Poduri Annapurna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report two siblings with intractable epilepsy, developmental regression, and progressive cerebellar atrophy due to biallelic variants in the gene CAD. For the affected girl, uridine started at age 5 resulted in dramatic improvements in seizure control and development, cessation of cerebellar atrophy, and resolution of hematological abnormalities. Her older brother had a more severe course and only modest response to uridine started at 14 years old. Treatment of this progressive condition via uridine supplementation provides an example of precision diagnosis and treatment using clear outcome measures and biomarkers to monitor efficacy.
Dual‐Effective Chronic Wounds Management System through a Monoglyceride Binary Blend Matrix Based Thermal‐Responsive Phase‐Transition Substrate
Authors: Jin Liguo , Cheng Haoxin , Xie Xuanping , Chen Xinyu , Tian Guangqi , Zhu Zhenling , Wang Shuhua , Xin Hongbo , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA new monoglyceride‐based heat‐sensitive substrate is proposed, for the first time, as a wound management system. First, an appropriate portion of glyceryl monooleate (GMO) and glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is mixed to provide a thermal phase responsive matrix (GMO‐GMS, GG). Subsequently, to improve the photothermal responsive and antibacterial performance, silver nanoparticles (Ag) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite (rGO‐Ag) is added to the GG matrix to obtain (GG‐rGO‐Ag). According to the systematic studies from uninfected, infected, and diabetic wound models, by applying near infrared (NIR) laser, the phase change of GG‐rGO‐Ag can be triggered to release Ag on demand for sterilization. More importantly, this smart GG substrate can also promote the production of vascular endothelial growth factor protein, thus serving as a NIR defined mufti‐effective wound management system.
Interplay of Different Major Ampullate Spidroins during Assembly and Implications for Fiber Mechanics
Authors: Saric Merisa , Eisoldt Lukas , Döring Volker , Scheibel Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMajor ampullate (MA) spider silk has fascinating mechanical properties combining strength and elasticity. All known natural MA silks contain at least two or more different spidroins; however, it is unknown why and if there is any interplay in the spinning dope. Here, two different spidroins from Araneus diadematus are co‐produced in Escherichia coli to study the possible dimerization and effects thereof on the mechanical properties of fibers. During the production of the two spidroins, a mixture of homo‐ and heterodimers is formed triggered by the carboxyl‐terminal domains. Interestingly, homodimeric species of the individual spidroins self‐assemble differently in comparison to heterodimers, and stoichiometric mixtures of homo‐ and heterodimers yield spidroin networks upon assembly with huge impact on fiber mechanics upon spinning. The obtained results provide the basis for man‐made tuning of spinning dopes to yield high‐performance fibers.
Advances in Transition‐Metal Catalyzed Carbonylative Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling Reaction: An Update
Authors: Bhattacherjee Dhananjay , Rahman Matiur , Ghosh Sumit , Bagdi Avik Kumar , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Chupakhin Oleg N. , Das Pralay , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTransition metals have been an indispensable component of modern catalysis and among these palladium is the top‐ranked choice of chemists as a catalyst. After the several important developments of palladium catalysed C−C cross‐coupling reactions, carbonylative transformations have been realised as an attractive post modification of these reactions. Carbonylative Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reaction is among such transformations for direct incorporation of CO fragment for the preparation of biaryl or aryl/alkyl ketones via transition‐metal catalysis. Ketone functionality is basically a valuable building block having huge pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications. Moreover, carbonylative Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling is also used in the synthesis of various natural bioactive molecules through the direct joining of molecular fragments via CO bridge. In this review, the past decade developments in the carbonylative Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reactions are documented in detail with modern approaches in transition‐metal catalysis.magnified image
In Situ Stable Generation of Reactive Intermediates by Open Microfluidic Probe for Subcellular Free Radical Attack and Membrane Labeling
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Feng Shuo , Li Weiwei , Xie Tianze , Zhang Wanling , Lin Jin‐Ming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSubcellular stimulation by free radicals is crucial for deeper insight of cell behaviors. However, it remains a tough challenge due to the high spatial precision requirement and short life of radicals. Herein, we report a versatile open microfluidic probe for stable generation of free radical and subcellular stimulation. By optimizing parameters, the chemical reaction can be confined in a microregion with a diameter of several μm, and the real‐time produced reactive radicals can attack the desired subcellular region of a single cell. In order to reveal the attacked region, fluorescent cyanine 3 labeled tyramide free radicals are synthesized, and the target microregion on a single cell is successfully stained by the covalent linking reaction between radicals and membrane proteins, which proves the feasibility of our method. We believe this method will open new avenues for short‐lived reactive intermediates stimulation at the single‐cell/sub‐cell level and selective membrane labeling.
Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for the Promotional Effect of Acid Sites on the Diffusion of Alkenes through Small‐Pore Zeolites
Authors: Cnudde Pieter , Redekop Evgeniy A. , Dai Weili , Porcaro Natale G. , Waroquier Michel , Bordiga Silvia , Hunger Michael , Li Landong , Olsbye Unni , Van Speybroeck Veronique 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe diffusion of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons is of fundamental importance for many zeolite‐catalyzed processes. Transport of small alkenes in the confined zeolite pores can become hindered, resulting in a significant impact on the ultimate product selectivity and separation. Herein, intracrystalline light olefin/paraffin diffusion through the 8‐ring windows of zeolite SAPO‐34 is characterized by a complementary set of first‐principle molecular dynamics simulations, PFG‐NMR experiments, and pulse‐response temporal analysis of products measurements, yielding information at different length and time scales. Our results clearly show a promotional effect of the presence of Brønsted acid sites on the diffusion rate of ethene and propene, whereas transport of alkanes is found to be insensitive to the presence of acid sites. The enhanced diffusivity of unsaturated hydrocarbons is ascribed to the formation of favorable π–H interactions with acid protons, as confirmed by IR spectroscopy measurements. The acid site distribution is proven to be an important design parameter for optimizing product distributions and separations.
The Atypical Hysteresis of [Fe(C6F5Tp)2]: Overlay of Spin‐Crossovers and Symmetry‐Breaking Phase Transition
Authors: Benchohra Amina , Li Yanling , Chamoreau Lise‐Marie , Baptiste Benoit , Elkaïm Erik , Guillou Nathalie , Kreher David , Lescouëzec Rodrigue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe [FeII(C6F5Tp)2] spin‐crossover complex is an atypical molecular switch, which can be converted upon annealing between two archetypal spin‐crossover behaviours: from an extremely gradual spin‐crossover to a broad hysteretic spin‐transition (of ca. 65 K). The hysteresis shows an uncommon “rounded shape” that is reproducible upon cycling temperature. In depth structural studies reveal a first crystal phase transition, which occurs upon melting and recrystallizing at high temperature. This first irreversible transition is associated with a radical change in the crystal packing. More importantly, the “rounded and broad” hysteretic transition is shown to occur in a non‐cooperative SCO system and is associated with the occurrence of a symmetry‐breaking phase transition that appears when roughly ca. 50 % of the SCO complexes are switched.