bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial profiles of workers most vulnerable to coronavirus‐related earnings loss in the spring of 2020
Authors: Helppie‐McFall Brooke , Hsu Joanne W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the spring of 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic and related shutdowns had huge effects on unemployment. Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, we describe the financial profiles of US families whose workers were most vulnerable to coronavirus‐related earnings losses in the spring of 2020, based on whether a particular worker was deemed “essential” and whether a worker's job could be conducted remotely. We use descriptive analytic techniques to examine how families' baseline financial situations would allow them to weather COVID‐shutdown‐related earnings losses. We find that families with non‐teleworkable workers who were most vulnerable to layoff also had both demographic and financial profiles that are associated with greater vulnerability to income shocks: non‐teleworkable families were more likely to be people of color and single wage‐earners, and also to have less savings. The median non‐teleworkable family, whether in non‐essential or essential occupations, held only 3 weeks of income in savings, underscoring the importance of policy measures to blunt the financial effects of the COVID crisis.
Stability of kinetic parameters of Co3O4/CeO2 catalyzed methane combustion
Authors: Nasr Somaye , Hayes Robert E. , Semagina Natalia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe work assesses the effect of hydrothermal ageing on the kinetic parameters of lean methane combustion catalyzed by cobalt oxide supported on ceria. The reactions are performed at model conditions relevant to the exhaust of natural gas vehicles, that is, at temperatures between 200°C‐550°C with 0.05 mL/mL (5 vol%) and 0.10 mL/mL (10 vol%) of water in the feed, as well as in the dry feed. The addition of 0.05 mL/mL (5 vol%) of water results in a double decrease of the rate constant, which is not affected by further water increase to 0.10 mL/mL (10 vol%). The reactions in the dry and wet feeds show zero order to water and first order to methane; the activation energy of 73 kJ/mol is the same for all conditions for the supported and unsupported cobalt oxide catalysts. After 100 hours on stream, the supported catalyst shows the same methane conversion as the fresh catalyst.
Homogeneously catalyzed depolymerization of lignin from organosolv medium: Characterization, optimization, and minimization of coke formation
Authors: Süss Raphaela , Kamm Birgit , Arnezeder David , Zeilerbauer Lukas , Paulik Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study focused on maximizing yields of oligomeric and monomeric products while minimizing coke formation in the depolymerization of lignin from an organosolv medium. A design of experiments (DoE) with temperature, time, and ethanol‐water ratio as factors was established and tested. Optimized reaction conditions were found at 185.4°C with 7.5 wt% sodium hydroxide as catalyst, an ethanol‐water ratio of 48.6% (v/v), and a residence time of 30 minutes. With these optimized parameters, maximum monomer and oligomer yields of 9.4 wt% and 86.2 wt% and minimized coke formation of 0.5 wt% were achieved. The oligomeric and monomeric products were characterized by GPC, GC‐MS, and OH‐group determination (Folin‐Ciocalteu).
Malaria Pigment Crystals: The Achilles′ Heel of the Malaria Parasite
Authors: Kapishnikov Sergey , Hempelmann Ernst , Elbaum Michael , Als‐Nielsen Jens , Leiserowitz Leslie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe biogenic formation of hemozoin crystals, a crucial process in heme detoxification by the malaria parasite, is reviewed as an antimalarial drug target. We first focus on the in‐vivo formation of hemozoin. A model is presented, based on native‐contrast 3D imaging obtained by X‐ray and electron microscopy, that hemozoin nucleates at the inner membrane leaflet of the parasitic digestive vacuole, and grows in the adjacent aqueous medium. Having observed quantities of hemoglobin and hemozoin in the digestive vacuole, we present a model that heme liberation from hemoglobin and hemozoin formation is an assembly‐line process. The crystallization is preceded by reaction between heme monomers yielding hematin dimers involving fewer types of isomers than in synthetic hemozoin; this is indicative of protein‐induced dimerization. Models of antimalarial drugs binding onto hemozoin surfaces are reviewed. This is followed by a description of bromoquine, a chloroquine drug analogue, capping a significant fraction of hemozoin surfaces within the digestive vacuole and accumulation of the drug, presumably a bromoquine–hematin complex, at the vacuole's membrane.
Von‐Kries‐enhanced chromaticity gamut
Authors: Brill Michael H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis note describes a way of extending the physical lights inside the spectrum locus to supersaturated colors related to them by a Von Kries transformation. The extension is one‐way but quantitative: One can see a supersaturated light in a given state of chromatic adaptation, and one can compute its chromaticity through a proportion based on three physical lights, but one cannot further connect the perception and the computed chromaticity to test the adaptation model that is used to make the construction. The construction may nonetheless be useful in delimiting the chromaticities that are computed as intermediate states in a color‐management system.
The effects of self‐compassion components on shame‐proneness in individuals with depression: An exploratory study
Authors: Ceclan Andreea‐Alexandra , Nechita Diana‐Mirela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo date, there is no evidence regarding how self‐compassion's components, self‐kindness, common humanity and mindfulness could work as distinct interventions. Thus, the main objective of the present study was exploring the effects that the three separate components of self‐compassion would have on shame‐proneness levels in individuals with clinical depression. All the participants (n = 122) with a diagnostic of Major Depressive Disorder were randomized in four experimental groups: the self‐kindness exercises group, the mindfulness exercises group, the common humanity one and the control group. Results indicated that levels of depression and shame‐proneness, as measured by BDI‐II, TOSCA‐3 and ESS decreased from baseline to post‐intervention, but no significant differences were observed between groups. Therefore, we cannot conclude that one self‐compassion component is more efficient than the others, but the present study does offer, though, a strong starting point for more complex, future studies.
Comparing outcomes in chronic depression following inpatient psychotherapy for patients continuing versus discontinuing antidepressant medication
Authors: Høstmælingen Andreas , Ulvenes Pål , Nissen‐Lie Helene Amundsen , Eielsen Mikkel , Wampold Bruce E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch indicates that combination of psychotherapy and antidepressant medication (ADM) provides cumulative effects and thus outperforms monotherapy in treating chronic depression. In this quasi‐experimental study, we explored symptom change for patients with chronic depression treated with ADM when presenting for a 12‐week psychotherapeutic inpatient treatment programme. We compared outcomes through treatment and follow‐up of patients who continued medication with those who discontinued. We also tested possible moderator effects of initial depression severity on change between the groups. Based on prior research, we hypothesized that combination treatment would yield better results (i.e., more reduction in depression). Patients (N = 112) were referred from general practitioners or local secondary health care. Outcome was measured by Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), and comparisons were carried out using multilevel modelling. Although 35 patients discontinued ADM during treatment, 77 continued. Both continuers and discontinuers had a significant treatment effect that was maintained at 1‐year follow‐up. There was no difference in outcome between continuers and discontinuers of ADM. Patients with severe depression had significantly more symptom improvement than patients with moderate depression, but depression severity did not affect outcomes across continuers and discontinuers of ADM differently. The results could indicate that patients had developed resistance and/or tolerance to the prophylactic effects of medication and that ADM did not contribute to the reduction of depressive symptoms. The findings may also indicate that psychotherapy alone in some instances can be a viable alternative to continued combined treatment. Clinicians should carefully assess benefits of patients' ongoing use of antidepressant medication when entering psychotherapy.
Roles of positively charged dust in the formation of ion‐acoustic subsonic solitary waves in electron‐ion‐positively charged dust plasmas
Authors: Mamun A.A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe electron‐ion‐positively charged dust plasma system containing Boltzmann distributed electron species, cold inertial ion species, and stationary positively charged dust (pcd) species are considered. The roles of pcd species in the formation of ion‐acoustic (IA) subsonic solitary waves (SWs) are investigated by the pseudo‐potential approach, which is valid for arbitrary amplitude time‐independent subsonic SWs, as well as by the reductive perturbation method, which is valid for the time‐dependent small amplitude subsonic SWs. It is observed that the presence of the pcd species reduces the phase speed of the IA waves, and consequently supports the IA subsonic SWs with the positive wave potential in such electron‐ion‐pcd plasmas. This is due to the reduction of the space charge electric field by the presence of the pcd species. The applications of the work in space environments (viz. Earth's mesosphere, cometary tails, Jupiter's magnetosphere, etc.), where pcd species have been detected, are briefly discussed.
Cell culture as a toolbox to generate phase I metabolites for antidoping screening
Authors: Savill Ryan , Baues Helge , Voigt Emmely , Zierau Oliver , Thieme Detlef , Keiler Annekathrin Martina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe knowledge of the biotransformation of compounds prohibited by the World Anti Doping Agency is of high concern as doping analyses are mostly based on the detection of metabolites instead of the parent compounds abused by athletes. While the self‐administration of doping‐relevant compounds is from an ethical point of view a rather problematic method to investigate metabolism, the usage of cell culture systems allows for studies on biotransformation in vitro. Five cell culture models with different tissue origin (liver, ovary, skin, kidney, and testis) were comparatively incubated with testosterone and epitestosterone as well as with the synthetic testosterone derivatives 17α‐methyltestosterone and 4‐chlorotestosterone to investigate the impact of synthetic modifications on phase I metabolic pathways. Cell culture supernatants were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. All cell lines possessed the default steroid phase I biotransformation reactions. The highest conversion rate was observed in ovarian (BG‐1) and liver cells (HepG2). For BG‐1 and skin cells (HaCaT), the 5α‐reductase products 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (for both) and 5α‐androstane‐3α/β,17β‐diol (for BG‐1 solely) were found to be prevailing after testosterone incubation. In kidney (COS‐1) and HepG2 cells, the 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was predominant as supported by the observation that the 17α‐OH (epitestosterone) and the methyl group (17α‐methyltestosterone) impeded the conversion rate in these cell lines. In conclusion, future work should extend the characterization of the BG‐1 and HepG2 cells on phase II metabolic pathways to examine whether they are suitable models for the generation of metabolite reference collections comparable to those obtained by human excretion studies.
Spatial phylogenetics of the native woody plant species in Hainan, China
Authors: Zhu Zhi‐Xin , Harris AJ , Nizamani Mir Muhammad , Thornhill Andrew H. , Scherson Rosa A. , Wang Hua‐Feng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo better identify biodiversity hotspots for conservation on Hainan Island, a tropical island in southern China, we assessed spatial variation in phylogenetic diversity and species richness using 18,976 georeferenced specimen records and a newly reconstructed molecular phylogeny of 957 native woody plants. Within this framework, we delineated bioregions based on vegetation composition and mapped areas of neoendemism and paleoendemism to identify areas of priority for conservation. Our results reveal that the southwest of Hainan is the most important hot spot for endemism and plant diversity followed by the southeast area. The distribution of endemic species showed a scattered, rather than clustered, pattern on the island. Based on phylogenetic range‐weighted turnover metrics, we delineated three major vegetational zones in Hainan. These largely correspond to natural secondary growth and managed forests (e.g., rubber and timber forests) in central Hainan, old‐growth forests and natural secondary growth forest at the margins of Hainan, and nature reserves on the island (e.g., Jianfeng and Diaoluo National Nature Reserves). Our study helps to elucidate potential botanical conservation priorities for Hainan within an evolutionary, phylogenetic framework.
Construct social‐behavioral association network to study management impact on waterbirds community ecology using digital video recording cameras
Authors: Rasool Muhammad Awais , Zhang Xiaobo , Hassan Muhammad Azher , Hussain Tanveer , Lu Cai , Zeng Qing , Peng Boyong , Wen Li , Lei Guangchun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStudying social‐behavior and species associations in ecological communities is challenging because it is difficult to observe the interactions in the field. Animal behavior is especially difficult to observe when selection of habitat and activities are linked to energy costs of long‐distance movement. Migrating communities tend to be resource specific and prefer environments that offer more suitability for coexisting in a shared space and time. Given the recent advances in digital technologies, digital video recording systems are gaining popularity in wildlife research and management. We used digital video recording cameras to study social interactions and species–habitat linkages for wintering waterbirds communities in shared habitats. Examining over 8,640 hr of video footages, we built tetrapartite social‐behavioral association network of wintering waterbirds over habitat (n = 5) selection events in sites with distinct management regimes. We analyzed these networks to identify hub species and species role in activity persistence, and to explore the effects of hydrological regime on these network characteristics. Although the differences in network attributes were not significant at treatment level (p = .297) in terms of network composition and keystone species composition, our results indicated that network attributes were significantly different (p = .000, r2 = .278) at habitat level. There were evidences suggesting that the habitat quality was better at the managed sites, where the formed networks had more species, more network nodes and edges, higher edge density, and stronger intra‐ and inter‐species interactions. In addition, we also calculated the species interaction preference scores (SIPS) and behavioral interaction preference scores (BIPS) of each network. The results showed that species synchronize activities in shared space for temporal niche partitioning in order to avoid or minimize any potential competition for shared space. Our social network analysis (SNA) approach is likely to provide a practical use for ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation.
An aetiology‐based subanalysis of the Telerehabilitation in Heart Failure Patients (TELEREH‐HF) trial
Authors: Szalewska Dominika , Główczyńska Renata , Piotrowicz Ryszard , Kowalik Ilona , Pencina Michael J. , Opolski Grzegorz , Zaręba Wojciech , Banach Maciej , Orzechowski Piotr , Pluta Sławomir , Irzmański Robert , Kalarus Zbigniew , Piotrowicz Ewa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of our study was to analyse the benefits of a 9 week hybrid comprehensive telerehabilitation (HCTR) programme in heart failure (HF) patients according to aetiology, as a subanalysis of the Telerehabilitation in Heart Failure Patients (TELEREH‐HF) trial.Methods and resultsOverall, 555 (65.3%) patients with ischaemic (IS) and 295 (34.7%) patients with non‐ischaemic (NIS) HF aetiology were randomized. There were no differences between the effect of HCTR and usual care (UC) on the primary outcome of number of days alive and out of the hospital in 26 months from the time of randomization in either aetiology (Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test), and no heterogeneity of effect between the aetiologies was noted (van Elteren test, P = 0.746). In Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, treatment was not independently associated with the secondary outcomes. For all‐cause mortality, the adjusted hazard ratio for HCTR vs. UC was 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.54–1.51) in IS and 1.42 (95% confidence interval, 0.69–2.94) in NIS (P interaction = 0.316). Differences between HCTR and UC in terms of change in the 6 min walk test distance and cardiopulmonary exercise test time after 9 weeks reached statistical significance in the IS arm (P = 0.015 and P < 0.001, respectively), but not in the NIS arm; however, tests of heterogeneity indicated no statistically significant differences.ConclusionsThe trial showed no difference between HCTR and UC in the primary outcome of percentage of days alive and out of the hospital for either IS or NIS aetiology. Moreover, the magnitude of changes in the clinical and functional statuses of the HF patients did not differ by aetiology. HCTR might have had beneficial effects on the 6 min walk test distance and cardiopulmonary exercise test time after 9 weeks in the IS patients; however, the effect was not statistically significantly different from that observed in the NIS patients.
IgE in the pathophysiology and therapy of food allergy
Authors: Michelet Marine , Balbino Bianca , Guilleminault Laurent , Reber Laurent L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFood allergy is becoming a major public health issue, with no regulatory approved therapy to date. Food allergy symptoms range from skin rash and gastrointestinal symptoms to anaphylaxis, a potentially fatal systemic allergic shock reaction. IgE antibodies are thought to contribute importantly to key features of food allergy and anaphylaxis, and measurement of allergen‐specific IgE is fundamental in diagnosing food allergy. This review will discuss recent advances in the regulation of IgE production and IgE repertoires in food allergy. We will describe the current understanding of the role of IgE and its high‐affinity receptor FcεRI in food allergy and anaphylaxis, by reviewing insights gained from analyses of mouse models. Finally, we will review data derived from clinical studies of the effect of anti‐IgE therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in food allergy, and recent insight on the efficiency and mechanisms through which these mAbs block IgE effector functions.
Comparison between traditional fast Fourier transform and marginal spectra using the Hilbert–Huang transform method for the broadband spectral analysis of the electroencephalogram in healthy humans
Authors: Arrufat‐Pié Eduardo , Estévez‐Báez Mario , Estévez‐Carreras José Mario , Machado‐Curbelo Calixto , Leisman Gerry , Beltrán Carlos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe fast Fourier transform (FFT) has been the main tool for electroencephalographic (EEG) Spectral Analysis (SPA). However, as the EEG dynamics show nonlinear and non‐stationary behavior, results using the FFT approach may result meaningless. A novel method has been developed for the analysis of nonlinear and non‐stationary signals known as the Hilbert–Huang transform method. In this study we analyze the differences for the broadband (SPA) of the EEG using the traditional FFT approach with those calculated with the Hilbert Marginal Spectra (HMS) after decomposition of the EEG with a multivariate empirical mode decomposition algorithm. EEG segments recorded from 19 leads of 47 healthy volunteers were studied. Statistically significant differences between methods were found for almost all leads by variance analyses. The agreement assessment shows that mean weighted frequencies have a good agreement for almost all bands, with the exception of beta‐2 and gamma bands where values for the HMS where higher than 3 Hz. Also the HMS method received lower than 5% energy values for alpha activity with an increment in the adjacent bands. The HMS may be considered a good alternative for the SPA of the EEG when nonlinearity or non‐stationarity may be present.
Mechanism study of vehicle‐bridge dynamic interaction under earthquake ground motion
Authors: Cui Cunyu , Xu Yan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith increasing traffic congestion happening across the world nowadays in the busy highway bridge systems and urban areas, seismic interaction between vehicle and bridge is a subject that has attracted increasing research interests. A few studies were conducted in recent years. There seems to be a cursory consensus that the behavior of vehicle is similar to a tuned‐mass‐damper and usually results in beneficial effect to bridge seismic responses. However, the mechanism of seismic interaction between vehicle and bridge still remains unclear. Present study statistically investigates the seismic responses of both vehicle and bridge under real earthquakes and a reasonable explanation as to the interaction mechanism between vehicle and bridge is given based on energy analysis. The results show that dynamic interaction would affect the energy distribution between vehicle and bridge. Vehicle has little influence on seismic responses of bridge in the horizontal directions because of the change of energy imparted to bridge caused by vehicle is very small. On the contrary, vehicle responses in the horizontal directions, under some circumstances, are extremely large as a result of relatively large energy imparted from bridge to vehicle. In the vertical direction, a surge of energy imparted to bridge, at some instant of time, caused by vertical compression force between vehicle and bridge could result in significant increases in peak responses of bridge. However, the total input energy imparted to bridge over the duration of earthquake is reduced lessening the overall damage of bridge.