bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A β‐ketoacyl carrier protein reductase confers heat tolerance via the regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis and stress signaling in rice
Authors: Chen Fei , Dong Guojun , Wang Fang , Shi Yingqi , Zhu Jiayu , Zhang Yanli , Ruan Banpu , Wu Yepin , Feng Xue , Zhao Chenchen , Yong Miing T. , Holford Paul , Zeng Dali , Qian Qian , Wu Limin , Chen Zhong‐Hua , Yu Yanchun 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Heat stress is a major environmental threat affecting crop growth and productivity. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with plant responses to heat stress are poorly understood.

Here, we identified a heat stress‐sensitive mutant, hts1, in rice. HTS1 encodes a thylakoid membrane‐localized β‐ketoacyl carrier protein reductase (KAR) involved in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. Phylogenetic and bioinformatic analysis showed that HTS1 probably originated from streptophyte algae and is evolutionarily conserved in land plants.

Thermostable HTS1 is predominantly expressed in green tissues and strongly induced by heat stress, but is less responsive to salinity, cold and drought treatments. An amino acid substitution at A254T in HTS1 causes a significant decrease in KAR enzymatic activity and, consequently, impairs fatty acid synthesis and lipid metabolism in the hts1 mutant, especially under heat stress. Compared to the wild‐type, the hts1 mutant exhibited heat‐induced higher H2O2 accumulation, a larger Ca2+ influx to mesophyll cells, and more damage to membranes and chloroplasts. Also, disrupted heat stress signaling in the hts1 mutant depresses the transcriptional activation of HsfA2s and the downstream target genes.

We suggest that HTS1 is critical for underpinning membrane stability, chloroplast integrity and stress signaling for heat tolerance in rice.
Incapacity, Inconceivability, and Two Types of Objectivity
Authors: Sars Nicholas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany critics and defenders of P. F. Strawson's approach to moral responsibility in ‘Freedom and Resentment’ have attributed to Strawson a claim of psychological incapacity or impossibility with respect to our (in)ability to abandon or radically change the framework of reactive attitudes that constitute (at least) an important part of our responsibility practices. In this essay, I show that commentators have conflated two distinct arguments within Strawson's discussion in a way that increases his susceptibility to a challenge of empirical implausibility. I argue, further, that recognizing the difference between the two arguments has an additional important implication for Strawson's overall argument, as it reveals that his view involves two types of objectivity. I end by discussing some consequences for both broad applications of Strawson's moral psychology and narrow discussions within the free will literature.
Restructuring plant types for developing tailor‐made crops
Authors: Basu Udita , Parida Swarup K. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryPlants have adapted to different environmental niches by fine‐tuning the developmental factors working together to regulate traits. Variations in the developmental factors result in a wide range of quantitative variations in these traits that helped plants survive better. The major developmental pathways affecting plant architecture are also under the control of such pathways. Most notable are the CLAVATA‐WUSCHEL pathway regulating shoot apical meristem fate, GID1‐DELLA module influencing plant height and tillering, LAZY1‐TAC1 module controlling branch/tiller angle and the TFL1‐FT determining the floral fate in plants. Allelic variants of these key regulators selected during domestication shaped the crops the way we know them today. There is immense yield potential in the ‘ideal plant architecture’ of a crop. With the available genome‐editing techniques, possibilities are not restricted to naturally occurring variations. Using a transient reprogramming system, one can screen the effect of several developmental gene expressions in novel ecosystems to identify the best targets. We can use the plant's fine‐tuning mechanism for customizing crops to specific environments. The process of crop domestication can be accelerated with a proper understanding of these developmental pathways. It is time to step forward towards the next‐generation molecular breeding for restructuring plant types in crops ensuring yield stability.
Local droughts and income risk among Thai households
Authors: Shabab C. Rashaad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the extent to which households in rural Thailand across the income distribution are able to mitigate income risks in the face of shocks. It uses especially high‐quality household income and consumption data spanning 64 Thai villages over 15 years. The paper identifies income shocks by village‐level variations during drought conditions. It finds that richer households are better able to mitigate income risk than poorer households, in contrast to some studies of the South Asian subcontinent. These possibilities for managing income risk are shown to be correlated with the type of contract the head of household is likely to be employed in, the share of salaries in total household income, the education level of the head, the relative youth of the heads of richer households, and location effects.
Maslahah Yang Bersumberkan Sunnah Nabawiyyah dan Pengaplikasiannya dalam Garis Panduan Pembukaan Semula Sekolah Akibat Covid-19 (Maslahah Sourced from Sunnah Nabawiyyah and its Application in the Guidelines for School Reopening Due to Covid-19)
Authors: Ahmad Afnan Faiz Ridzuan , Sulong Jasni 
Published: July 2021

T
The Movement Control Order (MCO) was declared by the Malaysian Government on 18 March 2020 to avoid the transmission of the Covid -19 infection. The MCO was continued until phase four and then commenced to the Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO) which was less restrictive starting 4 May 2020. For the first two months of the implementation of the MCO, all business premises, places of worship and educational institutions were closed totally to the public. schools were reopened in stages during the CMCO following the advice of the Ministry of Health (MOH). The objective of this research is to do an analysis of the maslahah element which was applied in the management of the reopening of schools according to the Sunnah Nabawiyyah perspective. This research was conducted using the qualitative method which involved literature and field research. By analyzing the primary documents released by the Ministry of Education (MOE) and the feedback posted by the mass media, the research found that the maslahah element such as maslahah daruriyyah, dunyawiyah and khassah are already implemented by the MOE in the preparation of School Reopening Management Guidelines. This element was aimed specifically in order to safeguard the health and the well-being of the students and the teachers. Even though education is important and mandatory for all, yet the constraints faced by the people concerned are equally important. Thus, the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is for the sake of making sure the well-being of school community is assured from the disease. Therefore, the guidelines of school reopening are in line with the Islamic approach based on the discussion of maqasid al-syari'ah which is to realize maslahah for human beings and avoiding any bad circumstances.
A Computationally Efficient, Mass Conserving Generalized Short Bearing Formulation for Dynamically Loaded Journal Bearings
Authors: Boedo S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a computationally efficient, finite element implementation of a generalized short bearing (GSB) formulation to account for mass conservation in cavitated bearing regions. The method is applied to a set of examples representing partial and full journal bearings under transient loads and kinematics. Bearing performance trends are captured well by the GSB formulation when compared with results obtained from a complete two-dimensional formulation and from experiments. The computational speed of the GSB formulation is approximately 40 to 200 times faster than the complete formulation for the examples provided in the paper.
Improved Systemic Hazard Analysis Integrating With Systems Engineering Approach for Vehicle Autonomous Emergency Braking System
Authors: Duan Jianyu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Safety analysis is a significant step for safety-critical system development. Compared with traditional vehicles, the system interactions for autonomous vehicles are more abundant and complex. Traditional hazard analysis methods, such as failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and fault tree analysis (FTA) which are based on the component failure and reliability theory, cannot identify the system hazards related to system interactions. An emerging hazard analysis method based on systems theory, systems theory process analysis (STPA) mainly focuses on identifying the control system hazards caused by system interactions. In this study, STPA method is used to identify the potential hazards and casual factors for autonomous emergency braking systems by concentrating on system interactions. To improve the consistency between system design and safety analysis, the workflow combining model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and STPA is proposed. The systems modeling language (SysML) is used to describe control structure and system interaction relationships. According to the identified casual factors, certain constraints and requirements can be derived, which can provide the guidance for system development with respect to system design. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of certain unsafe control action is conducted by simulation, which shows effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method in safety analysis and system design.
Incidence of central serous chorioretinopathy (2011–2018): a nationwide population-based cohort study of Japan
Authors: Kido Ai , Miyake Masahiro , Tamura Hiroshi , Hiragi Shusuke , Kimura Takeshi , Ohtera Shosuke , Takahashi Ayako , Ooto Sotaro , Kawakami Koji , Kuroda Tomohiro , Tsujikawa Akitaka 
Published: July 2021

AimsThe aim of this study was to elucidate the epidemiological background of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), including its incidence and treatment pattern.MethodsThis was a population-based longitudinal cohort study using a nationwide health insurance claims database of the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW). As Japan employs universal health coverage, the database covers more than 95% of claims issued in Japan. We accessed all data stored in the database with permission from the MHLW. We traced all individuals aged 30 years or older and identified individuals with new onset of CSC between January 2011 and December 2018. CSC cases were categorised by age and sex for each year, and incidence rate was calculated. We also identified major treatments for CSC to elucidate the initial treatment pattern.ResultsDuring the 8-year period, 247 930 incidences of CSC were identified, among which 75.9% were men. The crude incidence rate (per 100 000 person-years) in the general population aged 30 years or older was 34.0 (95% CI 33.9 to 34.2), in men was 54.2 (95% CI 53.9 to 54.4) and in women was 15.7 (95% CI 15.5 to 15.8). The mean age of onset was lower in men than in women (50.5±12.5 years vs 54.7±13.5 years). Most of the patients with newly diagnosed CSC (86.8%) did not receive major treatment.ConclusionsThe current study provides the nationwide population-based evidence to clarify the detailed epidemiology of CSC. These results could help to understand the pathogenesis and mechanisms of CSC in the future.
Trends and geographical variation in population thriving, struggling and suffering across the USA, 2008–2017: a retrospective repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Riley Carley , Herrin Jeph , Lam Veronica , Hamar Brent , Witters Dan , Liu Diana , Krumholz Harlan M , Roy Brita 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesWell-being is a holistic, positively framed conception of health, integrating physical, emotional, social, financial, community and spiritual aspects of life. High well-being is an intrinsically worthy goal for individuals, communities and nations. Multiple measures of well-being exist, yet we lack information to identify benchmarks, geographical disparities and targets for intervention to improve population life evaluation in the USA.DesignUsing data from the Gallup National Health and Well-Being Index, we conducted retrospective analyses of a series of cross-sectional samples.Setting/participantsWe summarised select well-being outcomes nationally for each year, and by county (n=599) over two time periods, 2008–2012 and 2013–2017.Main outcome measuresWe report percentages of people thriving, struggling and suffering using the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale, percentages reporting high or low current life satisfaction, percentages reporting high or low future life optimism, and changes in these percentages over time.ResultsNationally, the percentage of people that report thriving increased from 48.9% in 2008 to 56.3% in 2017 (p<0.05). The percentage suffering was not significantly different over time, ranging from 4.4% to 3.2%. In 2013–2017, counties with the highest life evaluation had a mean 63.6% thriving and 2.3% suffering while counties with the lowest life evaluation had a mean 49.5% thriving and 6.5% suffering, with counties experiencing up to 10% suffering, threefold the national average. Changes in county-level life evaluation also varied. While counties with the greatest improvements experienced 10%–15% increase in the absolute percentage thriving or 3%–5% decrease in absolute percentage suffering, most counties experienced no change and some experienced declines in life evaluation.ConclusionsThe percentage of the US population thriving increased from 2008 to 2017 while the percentage suffering remained unchanged. Marked geographical variation exists indicating priority areas for intervention.
Swiss Frailty Network and Repository: protocol of a Swiss Personalized Health Network’s driver project observational study
Authors: Gagesch Michael , Edler Karin , Chocano-Bedoya Patricia O , Abderhalden Lauren A , Seematter-Bagnoud Laurence , Meyer Tobias , Bertschi Dominic , Zekry Dina , Büla Christophe J , Gold Gabriel , Kressig Reto W , Stuck Andreas E , Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionEarly identification of frailty by clinical instruments or accumulation of deficit indexes can contribute to improve healthcare for older adults, including the prevention of negative outcomes in acute care. However, conflicting evidence exists on how to best capture frailty in this setting. Simultaneously, the increasing utilisation of electronic health records (EHRs) opens up new possibilities for research and patient care, including frailty.Methods and analysisThe Swiss Frailty Network and Repository (SFNR) primarily aims to develop an electronic Frailty Index (eFI) from routinely available EHR data in order to investigate its predictive value against length of stay and in-hospital mortality as two important clinical outcomes in a study sample of 1000–1500 hospital patients aged 65 years and older. In addition, we will examine the correlation between the eFI and a test-based clinical Frailty Instrument to compare both concepts in Swiss older adults in acute care settings. As a Swiss Personalized Health Network (SPHN) driver project, our study will report on the characteristics and usability of the first nationwide eFI in Switzerland connecting all five Swiss University Hospitals’ Geriatric Departments with a representative sample of patients aged 65 years and older admitted to acute care.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the competent ethics committee of the Canton of Zurich (BASEC-ID 2019-00445). All acquired data will be handled according to SPHN’s ethical framework for responsible data processing in personalised health research. Analyses will be performed within the secure BioMedIT environment, a national infrastructure to enable secure biomedical data processing, an integral part of SPHN.Trial registration numberNCT04516642.
Vocational rehabilitation for mental health service users with chronic mental illness in low-income to upper-middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Chimara Munyaradzi , van Niekerk Lana , van Biljon Hester Maria 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionWork is integral to the occupations of human beings and accounts for up to a third of time spent in an average adult life. Occupational therapists play a role in vocational rehabilitation of mental health service users (MHSUs) with the aim of optimising their work participation. It is advisable that occupational therapists providing vocational rehabilitation to MHSUs with chronic mental illness in mental healthcare settings are guided by a practice framework developed for that particular context. This scoping review aims to summarise existing evidence on vocational rehabilitation for MHSUs in low-income to upper-middle-income countries. The findings will inform subsequent phases of research undertaken to formulate a vocational rehabilitation practice framework for MHSUs in Namibia.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will employ the five stage methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. This will be used in conjunction with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISM-ScR) and Joanna Briggs scoping review guidelines. MESH terms, Boolean operators and truncation strategies will be employed for a comprehensive article search in electronic scholarly databases. These databases will include PsycINFO, EBSCOhost, HINARI, Google scholar, Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct and Wiley Online Library. Mendeley and Rayyan, both open source platforms, will be used for title, abstract and full-text screening, as well as data extraction. Data will be sifted and sorted by key categories and themes using a data charting form.Ethics and disseminationThe scoping review findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at local and international conferences. Ethical clearance for this study will not be required as secondary data will be utilised and there are no patients involved.
Effect and process evaluation of a multicomponent public health intervention to increase the use of primary care-based mental health services amongst children with a migrant background in Stockholm, Sweden: a protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Place Vanessa , Assel Karima , Hagström Ana , Gubi Ester , Augustsson Hanna , Dalman Christina , Hollander Anna-Clara 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionThe overall aim of the project is to understand how to increase access to, and use of, primary care-based mental health services for children and youth from a migrant background with mild to moderate mental health problems.Methods and analysisThe study will be undertaken in Haninge municipality in Stockholm, Sweden. The study has three intervention components: (1) A health communication intervention targeting parents of children/youth with a migrant background; (2) Training of professionals and volunteers who potentially have contact with parents and children with a migrant background, in order to increase the number of referrals to primary care-based mental health services, and (3) Increasing access to care at a primary care-based mental health service for children, using various strategies to lower barriers to care. The complex multicomponent intervention will be studied with an effect and a process evaluation methodology.Ethics and disseminationAll planned studied are approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority dnr 2017-135-31/5, 2019-06275, 2020-03640, 2020-06341, 2020-03642 and 2020-04180. Informed consent, written or verbal, will be obtained from all participants. The results of the project will be published continually in peer-reviewed scientific journals and disseminated to relevant stakeholders nationally and within Haninge municipality.
Localised increase in regional cerebral perfusion in patients with visual snow syndrome: a pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling study
Authors: Puledda Francesca , Schankin Christoph J , O'Daly Owen , Ffytche Dominic , Eren Ozan , Karsan Nazia , Williams Steve C R , Zelaya Fernando , Goadsby Peter J 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using arterial spin labelling (ASL) in patients with visual snow syndrome (VSS), in order to understand more about the underlying neurobiology of the condition, which remains mostly unknown.MethodsWe performed an MRI study in which whole-brain maps of rCBF were obtained using pseudo-continuous ASL. Twenty-four patients with VSS and an equal number of gender and age-matched healthy volunteers took part in the study. All subjects were examined with both a visual paradigm consisting of a visual-snow like stimulus, simulating key features of the snow, and a blank screen at rest, randomly presented.ResultsPatients with VSS had higher rCBF than controls over an extensive brain network, including the bilateral cuneus, precuneus, supplementary motor cortex, premotor cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, as well as the left primary auditory cortex, fusiform gyrus and cerebellum. These areas were largely analogous comparing patients either at rest, or when looking at a ‘snow-like’ visual stimulus. This widespread, similar pattern of perfusion differences in either condition suggests a neurophysiological signature of visual snow. Furthermore, right insula rCBF was increased in VSS subjects compared with controls during visual stimulation, reflecting a greater task-related change and suggesting a difference in interoceptive processing with constant perception of altered visual input.ConclusionThe data suggest VSS patients have marked differences in brain processing of visual stimuli, validating its neurobiological basis.
Associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and left ventricular structure and function from the Echocardiographic Study of Latinos (ECHO-SOL)
Authors: Berdy Andrew E , Upadhya Bharathi , Ponce Sonia , Swett Katrina , Stacey Richard B , Kaplan Robert , Vasquez Priscilla M , Qi Qibin , Schneiderman Neil , Hurwitz Barry E , Daviglus Martha L , Kansal Mayank , Evenson Kelly R , Rodriguez Carlos J 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThe cross-sectional association between accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and cardiac structure and function is less well described. This study’s primary aim was to compare echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function with accelerometer measured PA and SB.MethodsParticipants included 1206 self-identified Hispanic/Latino men and women, age 45–74 years, from the Echocardiographic Study of Latinos. Standard echocardiographic measures included M-mode, two-dimensional, spectral, tissue Doppler and myocardial strain. Participants wore an Actical accelerometer at the hip for 1 week.ResultsThe mean±SE age for the cohort was 56±0.4 years, 57% were women. Average moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was 21±1.1 min/day, light PA was 217±4.2 min/day and SB was 737±8.1 min/day. Both higher levels of light PA and MVPA (min/day) were associated with lower left ventricular (LV) mass index (LVMI)/end-diastolic volume and a lower E/e′ ratio. Higher levels of MVPA (min/day) were associated with better right ventricular systolic function. Higher levels of SB were associated with increased LVMI. In a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular disease modifiable factors, every 10 additional min/day of light PA was associated with a 0.03 mL/m2increase in left atrial volume index (LAVI) (p<0.01) and a 0.004 cm increase in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (p<0.01); every 10 additional min/day of MVPA was associated with a 0.18 mL/m2increase in LAVI (p<0.01) and a 0.24% improvement in global circumferential strain (p<0.01).ConclusionsOur findings highlight the potential positive association between the MVPA and light PA on cardiac structure and function.