bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Search of the Primary and Secondary Metabolites and Radical Scavenging Potential of Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D. Don
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Joshi Robin , Sharma Aakriti , Nadda Gireesh , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTrillium govanianum rhizomes are traditionally consumed as a raw powder and decoction for the treatment of health complications. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate whether aqueous and alcoholic extracts of T. govanianum rhizomes under hot and cold extraction conditions have similar or dissimilar chemical, nutrient, and antioxidant profiles. The total phenolics, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and energy values were estimated in all the conditionally prepared samples. The total phenolics (21.23±1.4 mg GAE/g extract), flavonoids (70.57±3.24 mg RE/g extract) were found higher in hot ethanolic extract (TGHEt), while cold water extract (TGGC) showed higher nutrients including amino acids (10.545±0.219 mg/g) and nucleosides (1.803±0.018 mg/g). The nutrient energy value (2.60 and 2.49 Kcal/g extract) was higher in cold and hot ethanolic extracts. Further, TGHEt scavenged the DPPH. (IC50; 870±22 μg/mL) and ABTS.+ (IC50; 80±1.49 μg/mL) effectively and proved its highest antioxidant activity compared to other samples. In LC/MS/MS‐based metabolite profiling, twenty‐six metabolites (fatty acids, steroidal saponins, triterpene saponins, ecdysteroid hormones) were confirmed with mass fragmentation and literature, while one hundred nine metabolites were identified using the METLIN database. The principal component analysis showed clustering of hot condition extracts while cold extracts were differentially located in quadrants. The heatmaps exhibited the associations and differences between metabolite composition, solvents, and extraction conditions. The identified metabolites speculatively predicted the biosynthesis pathway of T. govanianum. Findings also illustrated that T. govanianum is a source of bioactive nutritional components and saponins. The current metabolite profiling of T. govanianum will help in its agricultural and biotechnological interventions for higher quality produce.
Surface Density of Ligands Controls In‐Plane and Aggregative Modes of Multivalent Glycovesicle‐Lectin Recognitions
Authors: Yadav Shivender , Naresh Kottari , Jayaraman Narayanaswamy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlycovesicles are ideal tools to delineate finer mechanisms of the interactions at the biological cell membranes. Multivalency forms the basis which, in turn, should surpass more than one mechanism in order to maintain multiple roles that the ligand‐lectin interactions encounter. Ligand densities hold a prime control to attenuate the interactions. In the present study, mannose trisaccharide interacting with a cognate receptor, namely, Con A, is assessed at the vesicle surface. Synthetic (1→3)(1→6)‐branched mannose trisaccharides tethered with a diacetylene monomer and glycovesicles of varying sugar densities were prepared. The polydiacetylene vesicles were prepared by maintaining uniform lipid concentrations. The interactions of the glycovesicles with the lectin were probed through dynamic light scattering and UV‐Vis spectroscopy techniques. Binding efficacies were assessed by surface plasmon resonance. Aggregative and in‐plane modes of interactions show ligand‐density dependence at the vesicle surface. Vesicles with sparsely populated ligands engage lectin in an aggregative mode (trans‐), leading to a cross‐linked complex formation. Whereas glycovesicles embedded with dense ligands engage lectin interaction in an in‐plane mode intramolecularly (cis‐). Sub‐nanomolar dissociation constants govern the intramolecular interaction occurring within the plane of the vesicle, and are more efficacious than the aggregative intermolecular interactions.
Ventricular pacemaker lead in the left hemithorax: Mechanisms and evidence‐based management of a late‐onset hazardous complication
Authors: Marazzato Jacopo , Caravati Fabrizio , Blasi Federico B. M. , Refugjati Taulant , Vilotta Manola , Torchio Federica , Musazzi Andrea M. , Beghi Cesare , De Ponti Roberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLate‐onset migration of pacing leads in the left hemithorax is a rare but potentially life‐threatening complication. Radiological examinations are required to detect any involvement of either left ventricle or lung parenchyma, prompting immediate surgical extraction in this setting. Identification of high‐risk patients is mandatory to prevent this complex iatrogenic complication.
A patient with hepatocellular carcinoma who developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after corticosteroid treatment
Authors: Sato Shintaro , Yamada Sho , Nishizawa Tomotaka , Oba Tomohiro , Kawabe Rie , Yamakawa Hideaki , Akasaka Keiichi , Amano Masako , Matsushima Hidekazu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLung or head and neck cancer have been indicated as solid cancers associated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), but the relationship with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. We report a case of HCC in which the presence of cirrhosis and corticosteroid administration may have caused the development of IPA.
Dual Functionalization of Alkynes Utilizing the Redox Characteristics of Transition Metal Catalysts
Authors: Ghosh Sudipta , Chakrabortty Rajesh , Ganesh Venkataraman 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTri‐ and tetrasubstituted alkene scaffolds are prominent building blocks in many bioactive natural products, drug molecules, and key intermediates in various synthetic transformations. The dual functionalization of alkynes promises an easy introduction of functional groups across the triple bond with a high step and atom economy, exemplifying a class of reactions to construct tri‐ and tetrasubstituted alkene scaffolds. This review discusses the versatility and advances in the transition metal‐catalyzed redox dual functionalization of alkynes, their unique mechanistic features, and the synthetic applications of the methodology. This collection focuses on the formation of simultaneous C−C/C−X bonds involving various oxidation states of the metals in the catalytic cycle. Apart from the classical redox reactivity, radical‐mediated functionalizations are also discussed in detail.
Presodiation Strategies for the Promotion of Sodium‐Based Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Song Zirui , Zou Kangyu , Xiao Xuhuan , Deng Xinglan , Li Shuo , Hou Hongshuai , Lou Xiaoming , Zou Guoqiang , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNowadays sodium‐based energy storage systems (Na‐based ESSs) have been widely researched as it possesses the possibility to replace traditional energy storage media to become next generation energy storage system. However, due to the irreversible loss of sodium ions in the first cycle, development of Na‐based ESSs is limited. Presodiation, as a strategy of adding excess sodium ions to the system in advance, accomplishes the enhancement of electrochemical performance. In this minireview, different presodiation strategies applied in sodium‐based energy storage systems will be summarized in detail, their functions and corresponding mechanisms will be discussed as well. Furthermore, the current novel application of presodiation method in other aspects of Na‐based ESSs will be mentioned additionally. At last, in the view of present research status of presodiation, issues that can be mitigated are put forward and guidelines are given on how to deliberate in‐depth presodiation technology in the future, dedicating to promote the further development of Na‐based ESSs.
Outcomes of upfront autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma who are 75 years old or older
Authors: Munshi Pashna N. , Vesole David H. , St. Martin Andrew , Davila Omar , Kumar Shaji , Qazilbash Muzaffar , Shah Nina , Hari Parameswaran N. , D’Souza Anita 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundConsolidative autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHCT) is commonly used for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). We studied AHCT use and outcomes in patients with MM ≥75 years old.MethodsPatients with MM ≥75 years old receiving AHCT between 2013 and 2017 in the United States were identified using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database. Relapse and/or progression (REL), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were modeled using Cox proportional hazards models. Covariates used were age, sex, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), HCT‐comorbidity index (HCT‐CI), International Staging System and/or Durie‐Salmon stage, high‐risk cytogenetics, melphalan dose, and disease status at and 1 year after transplant. AHCT utilization rate using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to estimate specific incidence among ≥75 years old by race and gender.ResultsOf 360 patients, 63% were male, 84% were White, 56% had KPS <90, and 57% had HCT‐CI ≥3. The 100‐day transplant‐related mortality was 1% (0%‐2%) with a 2‐year REL rate of 27% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22%‐33%), PFS of 66% (95% CI, 60%‐72%), and OS of 83% (95% CI, 78%‐87%). On multivariate analysis, only high‐risk cytogenetics was associated with REL risk and decreased PFS. In White males, transplant utilization rate was 5.2%‐5.8% compared to 3.5%‐4.0% in African American males (P = .02). There was 3.37‐3.79% transplant utilization in White females compared to 1.88‐2.12% in African American females (P < .01).ConclusionsThe use of AHCT was associated with excellent 2‐year outcomes in this selected MM population ≥75 years old. Transplant utilization for patients ≥75 years old remains low with significant racial and gender disparities.
Chiral Chromium(III) Complexes as Promising Candidates for Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Poncet Maxime , Benchohra Amina , Jiménez Juan‐Ramón , Piguet Claude 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe search for chiral chromophores with efficient circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is an on‐going hot topic in chemistry due to their potential applications in emerging fields such as spintronics and photonics. Beyond the largely exploited p‐block, 4d/5d‐block and f‐block chiral entities, chiral chromium(III) complexes have recently attracted interest because of the abundancy of chromium in the earth's crust, its kinetic inertness and its promising metal‐centered Cr(2E) and Cr(2T1) phosphorescence. The associated spin‐flip transitions could provide large dissymmetric factor (
) and high luminescence quantum yields (ϕ) when six‐membered strong‐field chelate rings are coordinated to chiral six‐coordinate Cr(III) centers. In this minireview, we intend to focus our attention on the state‐of‐the‐art for the design of pseudo‐octahedral chiral mononuclear Cr(III) complexes for which chiroptical properties were investigated. The promising electronic properties of these complexes together with their low cost make these underexplored systems appealing candidates for CPL applications.
Vav2 is required for Netrin‐1 receptor‐class‐specific spinal motor axon guidance
Authors: Tsou Yi‐Syue , Wang Chih‐Yang , Chang Ming‐Yuan , Hsu Tsung‐I , Wu Meng‐Ting , Wu Yi‐Hsin , Tsai Wan‐Ling , Chuang Jian‐Ying , Kao Tzu‐Jen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundProper guidance of neuronal axons to their targets is required to assemble neural circuits during the development of the nervous system. However, the mechanism by which the guidance of axonal growth cones is regulated by specific intermediaries activated by receptor signaling pathways to mediate cytoskeleton dynamics is unclear. Vav protein members have been proposed to mediate this process, prompting us to investigate their role in the limb selection of the axon trajectory of spinal lateral motor column (LMC) neurons.ResultsWe found Vav2 and Vav3 expression in LMC neurons when motor axons grew into the limb. Vav2, but not Vav3, loss‐of‐function perturbed LMC pathfinding, while Vav2 gain‐of‐function exhibited the opposite effects, demonstrating that Vav2 plays an important role in motor axon growth. Vav2 knockdown also attenuated the redirectional phenotype of LMC axons induced by Dcc, but not EphA4, in vivo and lateral LMC neurite growth preference to Netrin‐1 in vitro. This study showed that Vav2 knockdown and ectopic nonphosphorylable Vav2 mutant expression abolished the Src‐induced stronger growth preference of lateral LMC neurites to Netrin‐1, suggesting that Vav2 is downstream of Src in this context.ConclusionsVav2 is essential for Netrin‐1‐regulated LMC motor axon pathfinding through Src interaction.
Resource allocation effects on the timing of reproduction in an avian habitat specialist
Authors: Cutting Kyle A. , Rotella Jay J. , Waxe James A. , O'Harra Aaron , Schroff Sean R. , Berkeley Lorelle , Szczypinski Mark , Litt Andrea R. , Sowell Bok F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVariation in nutrient allocation can influence the timing of breeding and ultimately reproductive output. Time and space constraints might exist, however, if fewer food resources are available to meet the costs of reproduction early during the reproductive season. Here, for the first time, we test whether nutrient‐allocation strategies for reproduction in a shrub‐dependent avian species differ with timing of breeding in different ecoregions: a high‐elevation landscape, containing spatially complex vegetation (Rocky Mountains) vs. a low‐elevation, more homogenous landscape (Great Plains). We analyzed data collected from radio‐telemetry and stable isotopes to assess the degree to which endogenous (body) reserves are used for reproduction and whether variation in allocation strategies was associated with time of year, ecoregion, habitat quality (including sagebrush type and plant greenness), or maternal characteristics. Using a Bayesian statistical framework, we found that females relied on a similar amount of endogenous reserves for reproduction in first nesting and renesting attempts. Additionally, endogenous contributions declined more rapidly throughout the nesting season in the Rocky Mountains than in the Great Plains. Individuals in high‐ and intermediate‐elevation sagebrush types in the Rocky Mountains used similar amounts of endogenous reserves, whereas females nesting in low‐elevation sagebrush used less. Females nesting at intermediate elevations, which experience the greatest flush of new green vegetation during the nesting season, switched their reliance from endogenous‐to‐exogenous sources for reproduction as green vegetation became available during spring. Our study highlights adaptations of a nutrient‐allocation strategy across areas with varying levels of resources in time and space in a habitat specialist bird. Nutrient allocation by individuals residing in high‐elevation areas favors a strategy that mainly uses nutrients gained from wintering habitats, whereas individuals residing in low‐elevation areas mainly use exogenous sources for reproduction.
Gustatory sweating in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Klarskov Carina Kirstine , von Rohden Elena , Thorsteinsson Birger , Tarnow Lise , Lommer Kristensen Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveGustatory sweating (GS) is characterized by profuse sweating during or immediately after ingestion of food and is known as a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of GS and to characterize the sweating in a cohort of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) as compared with a control group.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, 665 outpatients with T1DM and 505 outpatients with T2DM filled in an 8‐point questionnaire about GS. Answers were paired with medical data from the electronic patient records to explore associations with DM complications. The control group consisted of 1158 persons without DM answering the same questionnaire in an online version.ResultsIn people with T1DM and T2DM, the prevalence of GS was 10% (95% CI 7%–12%) and 13% (95% CI 10%–16%), respectively. In the control group, the prevalence of GS was 5% (95% CI 3%–6%). Most commonly, people sweat on the face and/or head and upper body with a duration of 10–30 min albeit in the control group <10 min. In patients with T1DM, increased HbA1c was associated with GS (OR 1.3 [95% CI 1.05–1.6], p = .016), and in T2DM, younger age (OR 0.95 [95% CI 0.92–0.99), p = .006), presence of severe peripheral neuropathy (OR 2.33 [95% CI 1.04–5.2], p = .039) and absence of proliferative retinopathy were associated with GS (OR 0.22 [95% CI 0.07–0.71], p = .011).ConclusionWe found the prevalence of gustatory sweating of 11% in a hospital‐based cohort of patients with T1DM and T2DM. This was twice as high as in non‐diabetic control persons. Associations between GS and known diabetes complications could only be demonstrated in T2DM. Compared with a control group without DM, odds for GS are higher in people with DM and age >45.
Synthesis of Thio‐/Selenopyrrolines via SnCl4‐Catalyzed (3+2)‐Cycloadditions of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Thio‐/Selenocyanates
Authors: Singh Prasoon Raj , Kalaramna Pratibha , Ali Shamsad , Goswami Avijit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA straightforward protocol has been developed to access thio‐/selenopyrrolines through a (3+2)‐cycloaddition of aryl thio‐/selenocyanates with donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs) in the presence of SnCl4 as a Lewis acid catalyst. Further, good chemoselectivity was observed when DACs were treated with 3‐cyano phenyl thiocyanate. These results suggest that thiocyanate is more reactive than nitrile moiety in such (3+2)‐cycloaddition reactions.
Trichloromethylative Olefin Cycloamination by Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Harada Shinji , Masuda Ryuya , Morikawa Takahiro , Nishida Atsushi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe trichloromethyl group is an important functionality. It is a useful synthetic moiety and appears in the structures of natural and biologically active compounds; hence, developing synthetic methods for its introduction into structural motifs is an important objective. Herein, we report an efficient chemistry for the trichloromethylations and cycloaminations of olefin. These reactions are realized in a single step and triggered by the addition of the trichloromethyl radical, generated from bromotrichloromethane by photoredox catalysis, to a double bond, with the resulting intermediate trapped through intramolecular reaction with an amino group. This process facilitates the construction of N‐heterocycles having trichloromethyl units and tetrasubstituted carbons from simple compounds under mild conditions.
Eco‐friendly biomolecule‐nanomaterial hybrids as next‐generation agrochemicals for topical delivery
Authors: Li Peng , Huang Yun , Fu Changkui , Jiang Shang Xu , Peng Wei , Jia Yi , Peng Hong , Zhang Ping , Manzie Narelle , Mitter Neena , Xu Zhi Ping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe agrochemical is often applied to enhance the agricultural production. Nanotechnology has advanced agricultural biotechnology in the new “agri‐tech revolution.” Eco‐friendly nanoparticles as carriers can essentially actualize the application of biomolecules as sustainable agrochemicals to increase their biological performance and reduce deterioration of the ecosystem. Particularly, these nanocarrier‐biomolecule hybrids will be ideal for topical applications to enhance the crop yield and quality. This review summarizes the current efforts in developing nanoparticles as carriers of biomolecules for topical delivery. First, the applicable biomolecules for plant growth regulation and the pathogen control are briefly introduced. The criteria and strategies for research and industrial development of nanocarrier‐biomolecule hybrids are then proposed, which better involves both researchers and manufacturers in the beginning for an efficient R&D process. The review further discusses several typical nanoparticle‐biomolecule hybrids as the candidates of next‐generation agrochemicals with advanced scientific merits and high perspectives of industrialization as the conclusion.image
Flooding depth and duration concomitantly influence the growth traits and yield of rice*
Authors: Meng Yan , Yu Shuangen , Yu Yanmei , Jiang Lixia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFood security concerns regarding decreased rice yields due to flooding are growing, especially concerning those due to the frequent occurrence of floods caused by extreme climate events, which pose a severe threat to the growth and yield of rice. While rice planting is widespread and gradually expanding worldwide, the effect of flooding stress on the growth traits and yield of rice has not been fully elucidated. To assess the effect of flooding stress on the growth traits and yield of rice, a pot experiment was conducted with three flooding depths and three flooding durations. The effects of flooding stress at the panicle initiation stage on plant height, leaf area index, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, biomass accumulation, and yield components were explored. Following the application of flooding stress, compared to that of the non‐flooding stress application, 1/3‐hr–7‐day, 2/3‐hr–7‐day, and 3/3‐hr–7‐day flooding stress levels led to significant increases in plant height by 10.5%, 11.7%, and 14.8% in 2019 and by 9.9%, 10.3%, and 13.0% in 2020, respectively (p < .05). Compared to the non‐flooding stress treatment, the 1/3‐hr–7‐day, 2/3‐hr–7‐day, and 3/3‐hr–7‐day flooding stress treatments led to 14.98%–21.16%, 35.11%–46.85%, and 81.26%–84.49% decreases in rice yield, respectively. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that flooding stress has a negative influence on the growth traits and yield of rice. Therefore, the variations in growth traits and yield loss should be explored when rice is flooded.
Repeat procedures for recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation: A propensity‐matched score comparison between left atrial linear ablation with radiofrequency and posterior wall isolation with the cryoballoon
Authors: Bisignani Antonio , Pannone Luigi , Bala Gezim , Kazawa Shuichiro , Calburean Paul , Overeinder Ingrid , Monaco Cinzia , Lipartiti Felicia , Miraglia Vincenzo , Rizzi Sergio , Al Housari Maysam , Mojica Joerelle , Strazdas Antanas , Osório Thiago Guimarães , Sieira Juan , Iacopino Saverio , Almorad Alexandre , Ströker Erwin , Sorgente Antonio , Brugada Pedro , de Asmundis Carlo , Chierchia Gian‐Battista 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the clinical outcome in patients undergoing repeat procedures for recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation following an index cryoballoon (CB‐A) pulmonary vein isolation ablation on a mid‐term follow‐up of 12 months.MethodsIn this propensity score‐matched comparison, 50 patients undergoing left atrial posterior wall isolation (LAPWI) with the CB‐A were matched to 50 patients treated with additional linear ablation using radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).ResultsMeantime to repeat the procedure was 9.74 ± 4.36 months. At 12 months follow‐up freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATas) was achieved in 82% of patients in the LAPWI group and in 62% of patients in the linear ablation group (P = .03). Regression analysis demonstrated that relapses during the blanking period and LA dimensions were independent predictors of ATas recurrences following the repeat procedure.ConclusionLAPWI using CB‐A is associated with a significantly higher freedom from atrial arrhythmias when compared with the RFCA mediated left atrial linear lesions on a mid‐term follow‐up of 12 months in patients with persAF undergoing a redo procedure.