bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of causative genes in inherited retinal disorder from fundus photography and autofluorescence imaging using deep learning techniques
Authors: Fujinami-Yokokawa Yu , Ninomiya Hideki , Liu Xiao , Yang Lizhu , Pontikos Nikolas , Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Iwata Takeshi , Sato Yasunori , Hashimoto Takeshi , Tsunoda Kazushige , Miyata Hiroaki , Fujinami Kaoru 
Published: April 2021

Background/AimsTo investigate the utility of a data-driven deep learning approach in patients with inherited retinal disorder (IRD) and to predict the causative genes based on fundus photography and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging.MethodsClinical and genetic data from 1302 subjects from 729 genetically confirmed families with IRD registered with the Japan Eye Genetics Consortium were reviewed. Three categories of genetic diagnosis were selected, based on the high prevalence of their causative genes: Stargardt disease (ABCA4), retinitis pigmentosa (EYS) and occult macular dystrophy (RP1L1). Fundus photographs and FAF images were cropped in a standardised manner with a macro algorithm. Images for training/testing were selected using a randomised, fourfold cross-validation method. The application program interface was established to reach the learning accuracy of concordance (target: >80%) between the genetic diagnosis and the machine diagnosis (ABCA4, EYS, RP1L1 and normal).ResultsA total of 417 images from 156 Japanese subjects were examined, including 115 genetically confirmed patients caused by the three prevalent causative genes and 41 normal subjects. The mean overall test accuracy for fundus photographs and FAF images was 88.2% and 81.3%, respectively. The mean overall sensitivity/specificity values for fundus photographs and FAF images were 88.3%/97.4% and 81.8%/95.5%, respectively.ConclusionA novel application of deep neural networks in the prediction of the causative IRD genes from fundus photographs and FAF, with a high prediction accuracy of over 80%, was highlighted. These achievements will extensively promote the quality of medical care by facilitating early diagnosis, especially by non-specialists, access to care, reducing the cost of referrals, and preventing unnecessary clinical and genetic testing.
Nationwide epidemiological approach to identify associations between keratoconus and immune-mediated diseases
Authors: Claessens Janneau L J , Godefrooij Daniel A , Vink Gerko , Frank Laurence E , Wisse Robert P L 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe aetiology of keratoconus (KC) remains poorly understood. KC has typically been described as a non-inflammatory disorder of the cornea. Nonetheless, there is increasing presumptive evidence for the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of KC.AimTo evaluate the association between KC and immune-mediated diseases on a population level. We hypothesise that KC is immune-mediated rather than a predominantly degenerative disease.MethodsData were obtained from the largest health insurance provider in the Netherlands. Dutch residents are obligatorily insured. The data contained all medical claims and sociodemographic characteristics from all KC patients plus all those data from a 1:6 age-matched and sex-matched control group. The primary outcome was the association between KC and immune-mediated diseases, as assessed by conditional logistic regression.ResultsBased on our analysis of 2051 KC cases and 12 306 matched controls, we identified novel associations between KC and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (OR=2.89; 95% CI: 1.41 to 5.94) and inflammatory skin conditions (OR=2.20; 95% CI: 1.37 to 3.53). We confirmed known associations between KC and atopic conditions, including allergic rash (OR=3.00; 95% CI: 1.03 to 8.79), asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (OR=2.51; 95% CI: 1.63 to 3.84), and allergic rhinitis (OR=2.20; 95% CI: 1.39 to 3.49).ConclusionKeratoconus appears positively associated with multiple immune-mediated diseases, which provides a population-based argument that systemic inflammatory responses may influence its onset. The identification of these particular diseases might shed light on potential comparable pathways through which this proinflammatory state is achieved, paving the way for pharmacological treatment strategies.
Underweight rather than adiposity is an important predictor of death in rural Chinese adults: a cohort study
Authors: Chen Yun , Wang Na , Dong Xiaolian , Wang Xuecai , Zhu Jianfu , Chen Yue , Jiang Qingwu , Fu Chaowei 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundTo assess the associations of body mass index (BMI) with all-cause and cause-specific mortalities among rural Chinese.MethodsA prospective study of 28 895 individuals was conducted from 2006 to 2014 in rural Deqing, China. Height and weight were measured. The association of BMI with mortality was assessed by using Cox proportional hazards model and restricted cubic spline regression.ResultsThere were a total of 2062 deaths during an average follow-up of 7 years. As compared with those with BMI of 22.0–24.9 kg/m2, an increased risk of all-cause mortality was found for both underweight men (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) (adjusted HR (aHR): 1.45, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.79) and low normal weight men (BMI of 18.5–21.9 kg/m2) (aHR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.38). A J-shaped association was observed between BMI and all-cause mortality in men. Underweight also had an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer mortalities in men. The association of underweight with all-cause mortality was more pronounced in ever smokers and older men (60+ years). The results remained after excluding participants who were followed up less than 1 year.ConclusionThe present study suggests that underweight is an important predictor of mortality, especially for elderly men in the rural community of China.
Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus significantly impacts on quality of life of patients on haemodialysis and associates with increased levels of serum calcium and phosphorus
Authors: Xie Qiuyu , Hu Nan , Chen Yuqing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurpose of the studyChronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) is common among patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD). We performed a study to explore the clinical features of patients with CKD-aP and evaluate the impact of CKD-aP on the quality of life of HD patients.Study designPatients who were receiving regular HD over 3 months were recruited. Quality of life was quantified by the Short Form-12 (SF-12) questionnaire. Pruritus was evaluated by the 5D-Itch Scale. Demographic characteristics and biochemical indicators were obtained from the medical record system. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between pruritus and targeting factors. The relationship between the scores on the 5D-Itch Scale and SF-12 was analysed using multiple linear regression, adjusted for other factors, to demonstrate the impact of CKD-aP on the quality of life of HD patients.ResultsIn total, 269 out of 301 (89.4%) patients accomplished all investigations. The prevalence of CKD-aP in our cohort was 40.9%. Age (B=0.339, p=0.042), treatment with haemoperfusion (B=1.853, p=0.018), and serum level of calcium (B=3.566, p=0.008) and phosphorus (B=1.543, p=0.002) were independently associated with pruritus. Score on the 5D-Itch Scale negatively impacted on physical component summary (B=−0.778, p&lt;0.001) and mental component summary (B=−0.675, p&lt;0.001).ConclusionsPruritus significantly aggravates the quality of life of HD patients. Irregularity in the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus may partially explain the mechanism of CKD-aP. More effective treatment of CKD-MBD may help to prevent pruritus and improve patients' mental and physical health conditions.
Endoscopy findings in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Galusko Victor , Protty Majd , Haboubi Hasan N , Verhemel Sarah , Bundhoo Shantu , Yeoman Andrew D 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurpose of studyThis study examines the associations between dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), to explore possible predictors of outcomes.Study designRetrospective analysis of 3342 patients who underwent PCI between 1 August 2011 and 31 December 2018 in a single centre was carried out. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopies (OGDs) for patients 12 months post-PCI were analysed.ResultsBlood loss occurred in 2% of all (3342) patients post-PCI within 12 months. 128 patients (63% male, mean age (SD) of 69.8 (10) years) who had PCI subsequently underwent an OGD within 12 months of the index PCI procedure. GIB occurred within the first 30 days of DAPT in 36% (n=13/36) of cases. There were no thrombotic events associated with cessation of one antiplatelet agent. Increased age, haemoglobin (Hb) ≤109 g/L and Glasgow-Blatchford score ≥8 were associated with increased 12-month mortality. An Hb drop of ≥30 g/L was a sensitive and specific marker for significant pathology and evidence of bleeding on OGD (sensitivity=0.83, specificity=0.81).ConclusionsGIB bleeding occurred infrequently in the patients post-PCI on DAPT. Risk assessment scores (such as Glasgow-Blatchford and Rockall scores) are useful tools to assess the urgency of OGD and need for endoscopic therapy.
Down-regulation of miR-219-5p increase the risk of cancer-related mortality in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Tang Shimin , Jiang Hao , Cao Zhijun , Zhou Qiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionProstate cancer is a common malignancy in men that is difficult to treat and carries a high risk of death. miR-219-5p is expressed in reduced amounts in many malignancies. However, the prognostic value of miR-219-5p for patients with prostate cancer remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data from 213 prostate cancer patients from 10 June 2012 to 9 May 2015. Overall survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models. Besides, a prediction model was constructed, and calibration curves evaluated the model's accuracy.ResultsOf the 213 patients, a total of 72 (33.8%) died and the median survival time was 60.0 months. We found by multifactorial analysis that miR-219-5p deficiency increased the risk of death by nearly fourfold (HR: 3.86, 95% CI): 2.01 to 7.44, p&lt;0.001) and the risk of progression by twofold (HR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.68 to 4.64, p&lt;0.001). To quantify each covariate's weight on prognosis, we screened variables by cox model to construct a predictive model. The Nomogram showed excellent accuracy in estimating death's risk, with a corrected C-index of 0.778.ConclusionsmiR-219-5p can be used as a biomarker to predict death risk in prostate cancer patients. The mortality risk prediction model constructed based on miR-219-5p has good consistency and validity in assessing patient prognosis.
Radon daughter removal from PTFE surfaces and its application in liquid xenon detectors
Authors: Bruenner S. , Cichon D. , Eurin G. , Gómez P. Herrero , Jörg F. , Undagoitia T. Marrodán , Simgen H. , Rupp N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLong-lived radon daughters are a critical background source in experiments searching for low-energy rare events. Originating from radon in ambient air, radioactive polonium, bismuth and lead isotopes plate-out on materials that are later employed in the experiment. In this paper, we examine cleaning procedures for their capability to remove radon daughters from PTFE surfaces, a material often used in liquid xenon TPCs. We find a large difference between the removal efficiency obtained for the decay chains of $$^{222}$$

222

Rn and $$^{220}$$

220

Rn. This indicates that the plate-out mechanism has an effect on the cleaning success. While the long-lived $$^{222}$$

222

Rn daughters can be reduced by a factor of 2, the removal of $$^{220}$$

220

Rn daughters is up to 10 times more efficient depending on the treatment. Furthermore, the impact of a nitric acid based PTFE cleaning on the liquid xenon purity is investigated in a small-scale liquid xenon TPC.
A novel 2.5 Gbps pre-transimpedance amplifier with the gain adaptively adjusted
Authors: Yu Jianhai , Yin Liang , Dong Changchun 
Published: April 2021

A 2.5 Gbps transimpedance amplifier (TIA) with the feedback resistance self-adaptively adjusted is designed for the application of optical receivers in passive optical network and implemented in Global Foundries (GF) 0.18 [Formula: see text]m CMOS standard process. The main structure of the circuit consists of an improved three-stage current multiplexing push-pull inverter. With the diode-connected-transistor placed at each end of the inverter, the extra pole will be pulled away in order to increase the stability of the loop system. The feedback resistance of TIA is connected in parallel with the NMOS transistor, and the gate voltage of the tube is adjusted automatically to control the resistance value of this parallel structure in order to overcome the defect of the inverter which will work in the linear region on the condition of excessive optical power. A low-dropout linear regulator (LDO) is adopted from the power supply to the TIA to isolate power supply noise. The measured results demonstrate that the fabricated TIA with a photodetector capacitance of 3.2 pF has a transimpedance gain of 41.64 dB[Formula: see text] with a current signal frequency of 2.5 Gbit/s, and a −3 dB bandwidth of 2.35 GHz. The average input-referred noise current spectral density within the bandwidth is185 pA/Hz[Formula: see text], signal rise time is 195 ps, fall time is 227 ps, eye diagram height is 28 mV, optical sensitivity is −30.6 dBm, and power consumption is only 52 mW at 3.3 V power supply voltage, the chip area is [Formula: see text] mm2.
FRW cosmology in f(Q,T) gravity
Authors: Godani Nisha , Samanta Gauranga C. 
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we considered the study of Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) model in the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity, an extension of symmetric teleparallel gravity, recently defined by Xu et al. [[Formula: see text] gravity, Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 708]. The nonlinear model [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are constants, is taken into account. The equation of state of perfect fluid is assumed and 31 points of Hubble data are used to constrain the value of model parameter. To explore the evolution of the universe, the numerical solutions of cosmological implications, such as Hubble parameter, deceleration parameter, apparent magnitude and luminosity distance, are determined and the energy conditions are examined. The theoretical results of Hubble parameter are compared with [Formula: see text]CDM model. Further, 57 Supernova data (42 from Supernova cosmology project and 15 from Calán/Tolono supernova survey) are also used to have consistent results of apparent magnitude and luminosity distance.
Effect of Flow and Heat Transfer of Vertical Magnetic Field to Fe3O4-H2O Nanofluids
Authors: Lei Jiajie , Wang Sixian , Huang Xiaoyan , Qing Shan , Li Fuyu , Luo Zhumei 
Published: April 2021

Heat transfer coefficient is a key parameter for efficiency evaluation of heat exchangers. Good stability and high heat transfer coefficient are essential for the application of nanofluids in heat exchangers and solar systems. In this work, nanofluids with good stability were prepared, and the influence of vertical magnetic field on flow and heat exchange of magnetic nanofluids under laminar and turbulent conditions was mainly studied. The flow and heat transfer rules of Fe3O4 nanofluids with or without magnetic field conditions, magnetic field strength, magnetic field distribution, the nanoparticle concentration and nanofluids temperature were systematically studied by setting up an experimental platform. The results show that the intensity and distribution of magnetic field had a significant influence on the heat transfer of magnetic nanofluids, whether in laminar or turbulent flow. When the magnetic field strength is 800G and 1000G, the convective heat transfer coefficient increases by an average of 23.89% and 26.12%. However, the influence of magnetic field on its flow characteristics is not obvious, and the effect on resistance coefficient increases by only 2.01%. In addition, the characteristics of magnetic nanofluids also have a certain influence on its flow and heat transfer. When the temperature of magnetic nanofluids is increased, the convective heat transfer coefficient will increase. When the concentration of magnetic nanofluids is increased, the pressure drop will also increase, but it has little effect on the drag coefficient.
Perivascular Macrophages Regulate Blood Flow Following Tissue Damage
Authors: Vågesjö Evelina , Parv Kristel , Ahl David , Seignez Cédric , Herrera Hidalgo Carmen , Giraud Antoine , Leite Catarina , Korsgren Olle , Wallén Håkan , Juusola Greta , Hakovirta Harri H. , Rundqvist Helene , Essand Magnus , Holm Lena , Johnson Randall S. , Thålin Charlotte , Korpisalo Petra , Christoffersson Gustaf , Phillipson Mia 
Published: April 2021

Rationale:
Ischemic injuries remain a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and restoration of functional blood perfusion is vital to limit tissue damage and support healing.

Objective:
To reveal a novel role of macrophages in reestablishment of functional tissue perfusion following ischemic injury that can be targeted to improve tissue restoration.

Methods and Results:

Using intravital microscopy of ischemic hindlimb muscle in mice, and confocal microscopy of human tissues from amputated legs, we found that macrophages accumulated perivascularly in ischemic muscles, where they expressed high levels of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide [NO] synthase). Genetic depletion of iNOS specifically in macrophages (Cx3cr1-CreERT2;Nos2
fl/fl
or LysM-Cre;Nos2
fl/fl
) did not affect vascular architecture but highly compromised blood flow regulation in ischemic but not healthy muscle, which resulted in aggravated ischemic damage. Thus, the ability to upregulate blood flow was shifted from eNOS (endothelial)-dependence in healthy muscles to completely rely on macrophage-derived iNOS during ischemia. Macrophages in ischemic muscles expressed high levels of CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4) and CCR2 (C-C chemokine receptor type 2), and local overexpression by DNA plasmids encoding the corresponding chemokines CXCL12 (stromal-derived factor 1) or CCL2 (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2) increased macrophage numbers, while CXCL12 but not CCL2 induced their perivascular positioning. As a result, CXCL12-overexpression increased the number of perfused blood vessels in the ischemic muscles, improved functional muscle perfusion in a macrophage-iNOS-dependent manner, and ultimately restored limb function.

Conclusions:
This study establishes a new function for macrophages during tissue repair, as they regulate blood flow through the release of iNOS-produced NO. Further, we demonstrate that macrophages can be therapeutically targeted to improve blood flow regulation and functional recovery of ischemic tissues.
Cage for the Birds: On the Social Transformation of Chinese Law, 1999–2019
Authors: Liu Sida 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In his book on legal reform in China after Mao, Stanley B. Lubman adopted the metaphor “bird in a cage” to describe the status of Chinese law at the turn of the twenty-first century. This article offers some general reflections on the social transformation of Chinese law since 1999, with the objective of explaining (1) how the legal bird has become a cage, and (2) how this new legal cage has been used to trap birds in Chinese society. It first traces the transformation of the legal bird into a cage in China’s reform era and then tells the stories of four species of birds currently confined in the legal cage, namely, hawks (state officials), crows (rights activists), sparrows (netizens), and ostriches (ordinary citizens). Laws related to the four species are concerned with combating corruption, political stability, internet control, and everyday life, respectively. By focusing on the four species of birds in the legal cage, this article offers a fresh understanding of how law interacts with various individuals and social groups in Chinese society and a sociolegal explanation of the social transformation of China’s legal system from 1999 to 2019.
Performance Statistics of a Real-Time Pacific Ocean Weather Sensor Network
Authors: Houghton I. A. , Smit P. B. , Clark D. , Dunning C. , Fisher A. , Nidzieko N. J. , Chamberlain P. , Janssen T. T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA distributed sensor network of over 100 free-drifting, real-time marine weather sensors was deployed in the Pacific Ocean beginning in early 2019. The Spotter buoys used in the network represent a next-generation ocean weather sensor designed to measure surface waves, wind, currents, and sea surface temperature. Large distributed sensor networks like these provide much needed long-dwell sensing capabilities in open-ocean regions. Despite the demand for better weather forecasts and climate data in the oceans, direct in situ measurements of marine surface weather (waves, winds, currents) remain exceedingly sparse in the open oceans. Because of the large expanse of Earth’s oceans, distributed paradigms are necessary to create sufficient data density at global scale, similar to advances in sensing on land and in space. Here we discuss initial findings from this long-dwell open-ocean distributed sensor network. Through triple-collocation analysis, we determine errors in collocated satellite-derived observations and model estimates. The correlation analysis shows that the Spotter network provides wave height data with lower errors than both satellites and models. The wave spectrum was also further used to infer wind speed. Buoy drift dynamics are similar to established drogued drifters, particularly when accounting for windage. We find a windage correction factor for the Spotter buoy of approximately 1%, which is in agreement with theoretical estimates. Altogether, we present a completely new open-ocean weather dataset and characterize the data quality against other observations and models to demonstrate the broad value for ocean monitoring and forecasting that can be achieved using large-scale distributed sensor networks in the oceans.