bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Importância do Princípio da Precaução no Âmbito da Conservação Ambiental
Authors: Pozzetti Daniel Gabaldi , Pozzetti Laura , Pozzetti Valmir César 
Published: March 2021

Objetivo do estudo: Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo diferenciar a conservação de preservação ambiental e analisar a importância da utilização do Princípio da Precaução, no âmbito da conservação ambiental. A diferença entre preservar e conservar; está no fato de que, na conservação se utiliza o recurso sem esgotá-lo, enquanto na preservação o recurso fica intacto, sem utilização. Assim, no âmbito da conservação é imperioso utilizar-se do Princípio da Precaução, o qual estabelece a necessidade de que observemos sobre os possíveis resultados da utilização do recurso ambiental, uma vez que, se não tivermos certeza cientifica sobre os passiveis malefícios que esse uso acarretará, a atividade não pode ser desenvolvida. Metodologia: a metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa foi a do método dedutivo; quanto aos meios a pesquisa foi bibliográfica, com uso da doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência, bem como de atos administrativos; quanto aos fins, a metodologia utilizada foi a da pesquisa qualitativa. Originalidade/ Relevância: A originalidade dessa pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que os Princípios são diretrizes que orientam a aplicação das normas jurídicas e a sua própria existência no campo da estruturação de normas; uma vez que um determinado princípio não for observado na construção de uma norma ou ato administrativo, a norma será revogada e o ato será nulo, responsabilizando o gestor que descumpriu o Princípio. Assim, a relevância desta pesquisa está exatamente na contribuição que ela oferece para a manutenção de um meio ambiente sadio e equilibrado. Principais resultados: Concluiu-se que o dever compulsório Do Estado, de utilizar e fazer cumprir o Princípio da Precaução, resultará em ganhos significativos para o meio ambiente, evitando a destruição dos recursos ambientais que são finitos, pelo menos em qualidade. Contribuições teóricas: A pesquisa traz uma grande contribuição ao “direito à vida” no contexto atual, vez que o direito à vida digna perpassa pelo direito a um meio ambiente saudável e equilibrado. À medida em que o poder Público - que é o ente administrativo que autoriza atividades econômicas – passar a exigir e cumprir na íntegra o Princípio da precaução, todas as vezes em que for liberar uma atividade, deixaremos de ter destruição ambiental e passaremos a ter atividades que conservam o meio ambiente, com qualidade de vida para toda a população planetária.
ANALYSIS OF CURRENT INFORMATIONAL ASPECTS OF PROBABLE SCENARIO FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MILITARY CONFLICT WITH THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Bashynskyi V. , Pievtsov H. , Openko P. , Kozyr A. 
Published: March 2021

The beginning of the XXI century was characterized by the emergence of a new type of war – information one, when victory is achieved not by destroying the armed forces and the economy of the enemy, but through the impact on his moral and psychological condition. In modern conflicts, methods based on the integrated application of political, economic, informational and other non-military measures based on military force are increasingly used. The combination of these methods is implemented in the concept of hybrid warfare, the leading idea of which consists in achieving political goals with minimal military influence on the enemy through the use of modern information technology based on "soft power" and "hard power". The peculiarity of such a war is that it is conducted in disguise using mostly non-linear tactics and is not aimed at capturing the entire territory of the country, although it is possible to take control of partial territories, but to obtain patronage over the state, which is achieved through influence on the population, politics, business, law-enforcement agencies. A striking example of the implementation of the concept of hybrid war is the actions of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - Russia) against Ukraine. At the same time, Russia's "hybrid policy" is not limited to Ukraine. It also covers Europe and the United States, the EU and NATO.
In order to analyze the development of the conflict between Ukraine and Russia in the period up to 2035, an analysis was made on the development of the information aspect of relations between Ukraine and other influential regional and world actors on the development of the situation around Ukraine.
In preparing the forecast, the tools of scenario analysis were used, namely: the analysis of the main influencing factors, which allowed determining the trends of regional development until 2035. This analysis makes it possible to develop a baseline scenario for the development of the situation, provided that the situation around Ukraine over time will not change significantly; the main factors that are difficult to predict and non-collinear are identified.
ON POSSIBLE FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM OF ARMS AND MILITARY EQUIPMENT TESTING OF THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Korniienko I. , Korniienko S. , Kamak D. , Kaznachey S. , Zhyrna O. 
Published: March 2021

Today, the problem of ensuring the effectiveness of the system of testing weapons and military equipment remains relevant. According to the existing national legislation and the accepted standards, separate specialized institutions are involved in the testing of samples of armaments and military equipment. One of the methods of improving the efficiency of test centers and institutions is the automation of all processes that accompany the testing of samples of weapons, military equipment and special equipment.
The article highlights the approaches to the design and practical implementation of the information system to support the testing of weapons and military equipment. Its possible functional composition is considered. It is assumed that the information system should automate all processes in the test facility that are somehow related to the tests.Based on the analysis of existing guidance documents and scientific and technical information sources, the composition of the main functional components of the information system of test support is proposed. The necessity of introducing a management component into the information system for the implementation of a targeted approach to the management of a testing facility is substantiated. Reclassification of tasks of information databases on stages of carrying out tests is done.
Based on the generalized scheme of testing the conceptual model of information system of support of tests is offered.The approximate composition of individual software modules and the content of databases are given.The expediency of using a spiral model of software design for the development of a comprehensive full-featured information system for test support is substantiated.
It is expected that the automation of planning, conducting and other processes that accompany the tests can significantly affect the overall efficiency of the organization and conduct of tests, ensure the proper quality of the results and help reduce time losses for testing.
Multiple Stellar Populations of Globular Clusters from Homogeneous Ca–CN–CH–NH Photometry. VI. M3 (NGC 5272) Is Not a Prototypical Normal Globular Cluster*

†
Authors: Lee Jae-Woo , Sneden Christopher 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present Ca–CN–CH–NH photometry for the well-known globular cluster (GC) M3 (NGC 5272). We show new evidence for two M3 populations with distinctly different carbon and nitrogen abundances, seen in a sharp division between CN-weak and CN-strong red-giant branches (RGBs) in M3. The CN-strong population shows a C–N anticorrelation that is a natural consequence of the CN cycle, while the CN-weak population shows at most a very weak C–N anticorrelation. Additionally, the CN-weak population exhibits an elongated spatial distribution that is likely linked to its fast rotation. Our derived metallicities reveal bimodal distributions in both populations, with 〈[Fe/H]〉 ≈ −1.60 and −1.45, which appear to be responsible for the discrete double RGB bumps in the CN-weak population and the large

range. From this discovery, we propose that M3 consists of two GCs, namely C1 (23%, 〈[Fe/H]〉 ≈ −1.60) and C2 (77%, 〈[Fe/H]〉 ≈ −1.45), each of which has its own C–N anticorrelation and structural and kinematical properties, which are strong indications of independent systems in M3. The fractions of the CN-weak population for both C1 and C2 are high compared to Galactic GCs but they are in good agreement with GCs in the Magellanic Clouds. We suggest that M3 is a merger remnant of two GCs, most likely in a dwarf galaxy environment, and accreted to our Galaxy later in time. This is consistent with recent proposals of an ex situ origin for M3.
Energetic Proton Propagation and Acceleration Simulated for the Bastille Day Event of 2000 July 14
Authors: Young Matthew A. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Gorby Matthew , Linker Jon , Caplan Ronald M. , Downs Cooper , Török Tibor , Riley Pete , Lionello Roberto , Titov Viacheslav , Mewaldt Richard A. , Cohen Christina M. S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work presents results from simulations of the 2000 July 14 (“Bastille Day”) solar proton event. We used the Energetic Particle Radiation Environment Model (EPREM) and the CORona-HELiosphere (CORHEL) software suite within the SPE Threat Assessment Tool (STAT) framework to model proton acceleration to GeV energies due to the passage of a CME through the low solar corona, and we compared the model results to GOES-08 observations. The coupled simulation models particle acceleration from 1 to 20 R
⊙, after which it models only particle transport. The simulation roughly reproduces the peak event fluxes and the timing and spatial location of the energetic particle event. While peak fluxes and overall variation within the first few hours of the simulation agree well with observations, the modeled CME moves beyond the inner simulation boundary after several hours. The model therefore accurately describes the acceleration processes in the low corona and resolves the sites of most rapid acceleration close to the Sun. Plots of integral flux envelopes from multiple simulated observers near Earth further improve the comparison to observations and increase potential for predicting solar particle events. Broken power-law fits to fluence spectra agree with diffusive acceleration theory over the low energy range. Over the high energy range, they demonstrate the variability in acceleration rate and mirror the interevent variability observed in solar cycle 23 ground-level enhancements. We discuss ways to improve STAT predictions, including using corrected GOES energy bins and computing fits to the seed spectrum. This paper demonstrates a predictive tool for simulating low-coronal solar energetic particle acceleration.
Jumping the Gap: Searching for LIGO’s Biggest Black Holes
Authors: Ezquiaga Jose María , Holz Daniel E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Gravitational wave (GW) detections of binary black holes (BBHs) have shown evidence for a dearth of component black holes with masses above ∼50M
⊙. This is consistent with expectations of a mass gap due to the existence of pair-instability supernovae (PISN). We argue that ground-based GW detectors will be sensitive to BBHs with masses above this gap, ≳120 M
⊙. With no detections, 2 yr at upgraded sensitivity (A+) would constrain the local merger rate of these BBHs on the “far side” of the PISN gap to be lower than 0.01 yr−1Gpc−3. Alternatively, with a few tens of events we could constrain the location of the upper edge of the gap to the percent level. We consider the potential impact of “interloper” black holes within the PISN mass gap on this measurement. Far side BBHs would also be observed by future instruments such as Cosmic Explorer (CE), Einstein Telescope (ET) and LISA, and may dominate the fraction of multiband events. We show that by comparing observations from ground and space it is possible to constrain the merger rate history. Moreover, we find that the upper edge of the PISN mass gap leaves an imprint on the spectral shape of the stochastic background of unresolved binaries, which may be accessible with A+ sensitivity. Finally, we show that by exploiting the upper edge of the gap, these high-mass BBHs can be used as standard sirens to constrain the cosmic expansion at redshifts of ∼0.4, 0.8, and 1.5 with LISA, LIGO-Virgo, and CE/ET, respectively. These far-side binaries would be the most massive BBHs LIGO-Virgo could detect.
Water on Hot Rocky Exoplanets
Authors: Kite Edwin S. , Schaefer Laura 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Data suggest that most rocky exoplanets with orbital period p < 100 days (“hot” rocky exoplanets) formed as gas-rich sub-Neptunes that subsequently lost most of their envelopes, but whether these rocky exoplanets still have atmospheres is unknown. We identify a pathway by which 1–1.7 R
⊕ (1–10 M
⊕) rocky exoplanets with orbital periods of 10–100 days can acquire long-lived 10–2000 bar atmospheres that are H2O-dominated, with mean molecular weight >10. These atmospheres form during the planets’ evolution from sub-Neptunes into rocky exoplanets. H2O that is made by reduction of iron oxides in the silicate magma is highly soluble in the magma, forming a dissolved reservoir that is protected from loss so long as the H2-dominated atmosphere persists. The large size of the dissolved reservoir buffers the H2O atmosphere against loss after the H2 has dispersed. Within our model, a long-lived, water-dominated atmosphere is a common outcome for efficient interaction between a nebula-derived atmosphere (peak atmosphere mass fraction 0.1–0.6 wt%) and oxidized magma (>5 wt% FeO), followed by atmospheric loss. This idea predicts that most rocky planets that have orbital periods of 10–100 days and that have radii within 0.1–0.2 R
⊕ of the lower edge of the radius valley still retain H2O atmospheres. This prediction is imminently testable with James Webb Space Telescope and has implications for the interpretation of data for transiting super-Earths.
Dynamical Formation Scenarios for GW190521 and Prospects for Decihertz Gravitational-wave Astronomy with GW190521-like Binaries
Authors: Holgado A. Miguel , Ortega Alexis , Rodriguez Carl L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The gravitational-wave (GW) detection of GW190521 has provided new insights on the mass distribution of black holes and new constraints for astrophysical formation channels. With independent claims of GW190521 having significant premerger eccentricity, we investigate what this implies for GW190521-like binaries that form dynamically. The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will also be sensitive to GW190521-like binaries if they are circular from an isolated formation channel. However, GW190521-like binaries that form dynamically may skip the LISA band entirely. To this end, we simulate GW190521 analogs that dynamically form via post-Newtonian binary–single scattering. From these scattering experiments, we find that GW190521-like binaries may enter the LIGO-Virgo band with significant eccentricity as suggested by recent studies, though well below an eccentricity of e
10 Hz ≲ 0.7. Eccentric GW190521-like binaries further motivate the astrophysical science case for a decihertz GW observatory, such as the kilometer-scale version of the Midband Atomic Gravitational-wave Interferometric Sensor. We carry out a Fisher analysis to estimate how well the eccentricity of GW190521-like binaries can be constrained with such a decihertz detector. These eccentricity constraints would also provide additional insights into the possible environments that GW190521-like binaries form in.
Les enseignants et la laïcité. À propos d’une enquête récente
Authors: Ledoux Sébastien 
Published: March 2021

Les enseignants français exercent-ils désormais leur métier sous la pression de la religion ? C’est ce qu’affirme une enquête de la Fondation Jean-Jaurès qui dresse, au prix de nombreuses confusions et partis pris, un panorama alarmiste de l’enseignement de la laïcité en France.
Antonín Liehm : la culture européenne pour oxygène
Authors: Marès Antoine 
Published: March 2021

La disparition d’Antonin Liehm, fin 2020, est l’occasion de revenir sur cette figure déterminante du « printemps de Prague ». Journaliste, écrivain, il fut un passeur de la culture française en Tchécoslovaquie, ainsi qu’un animateur de la vie culturelle en Europe occidentale, grâce à la revue Lettre internationale .
Que nous apprend la pandémie ?
Authors: Stengers Isabelle 
Published: March 2021

Les usages du discours scientifique au cours de la crise sanitaire ont mis au jour la nécessité d’un « atterrissage » des sciences, qui permette de les réintégrer dans le débat démocratique. Ce n’est qu’en cessant de faire de « La Science » une parole infaillible et désengagée que l’institution pourra restaurer la confiance.
Les entreprises rationnelles et la démocratie
Authors: Perret Bernard 
Published: March 2021

Nous vivons une crise de la raison, laquelle n’est pas tant due à une défaillance de nos facultés intellectuelles qu’à un déclin de la culture démocratique de l’argumentation. Ne pourrait-on instituer de nouvelles scènes argumentatives, notamment numériques, où la délibération serait menée entre égaux et définie par des règles précises ?
Hérésies sanitaires
Authors: Schlegel Jean-Louis 
Published: March 2021

Si l’explication et la gestion des épidémies ont longtemps été confiées à l’Église, elles sont aujourd’hui du ressort de la science médicale. Est-ce à dire que la médecine est devenue la nouvelle matrice de la foi, autour de laquelle s’articuleraient nos espoirs et nos craintes ?
Les élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers à l’épreuve de l’égalité des chances ou ce que la « marge » pourrait faire à la « norme » : vers une inclusion réciproque au sein des EPLE ?
Authors: Jellab Aziz 
Published: March 2021

Cette contribution s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une réflexion sociologique visant à penser l’égalité des chances et sa mise à l’épreuve à l’aune des évolutions institutionnelles consacrant « l’autonomie » des établissements scolaires, le rôle pédagogique des chefs d’établissement ainsi que l’importance du travail collectif. Quelle place l’inclusion des élèves en situation de handicap doit-elle occuper dans le cadre de ces évolutions ? Comment les acteurs peuvent-ils se saisir de l’inclusion à la fois sous l’angle d’un processus de professionnalisation, appelant à considérer la situation de handicap comme un cas particulier de la prise en charge de la difficulté scolaire, ce que présuppose la catégorie d’élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers, et celui d’une éthique relationnelle qui soit sensible au vivre-ensemble et à ce qu’il vise comme justice scolaire ? Répondre à ces questions suppose que l’on inscrive la thématique de l’inclusion dans le cadre de l’émergence-reconnaissance des vulnérabilités, mais aussi dans celui d’une analyse doublement normative et éthique, en proposant la notion « d’inclusion réciproque ». Celle-ci permet de repenser les dispositions et les pratiques éducatives et pédagogiques, en partant du principe selon lequel, au sein d’un EPLE, la « norme » apprend aussi de la « marge ».
Santé psychique et pandémie en réanimation
Authors: Thomas François 
Published: March 2021

La pandémie de sars-cov-2 a profondément modifié le rapport au travail en réanimation. Si l'ensemble des métiers soignants a su, rapidement et efficacement se réorganiser, les retentissements psychiques sont nombreux et durables : effets de la contagiosité sur la distance soignant-malade, conséquences sur la relation soignant-soigné altérant la dimension éthique du soin, perte de sens devant les manques de moyens humains et matériels. Les cellules d'écoute, dont celles d'AML-soins intensifs, ont recueilli les angoisses, les colères et les espoirs des professionnels de réaniamtion.
La grève oubliée des étudiants en médecine de Rennes
Authors: Melchior Hugo 
Published: March 2021

Du 29 janvier au 2 mai 1973, pendant 94 jours, des centaines d’étudiants en médecine de Rennes ont remis en cause le fonctionnement normal de leur faculté pour revendiquer auprès des décideurs et des autorités universitaires le droit à une formation pratique complète, et pour dénoncer la sélection drastique en première année qui risquait d’aggraver davantage le sous-développement médical de la Bretagne. Cette grève prolongée est tombée progressivement dans l’oubli. S’appuyant sur un vaste corpus d’archives, croisant en permanence des sources écrites et des témoignages oraux d’anciens protagonistes, cet article a pour ambition, en plus de raconter l’histoire de cette mobilisation hors norme, de rendre compte de l’état sanitaire dégradé de la Bretagne qui a favorisé l’irruption de cette grève active, de mettre en lumière certains militants politiques qui ont pu jouer un rôle clé dans l’animation de cette lutte, ainsi que les modes d’action à la fois traditionnels et originaux de ces étudiants imaginatifs, qui auront permis de rendre remarquable de cette lutte étudiante. Et, enfin, nous avons eu pour dessein de montrer le souci de ces étudiants de défendre publiquement une conception humaniste et progressiste de la médecine, réellement favorable aux travailleurs, c’est-à-dire une « médecine ouvrière » non lucrative, soucieuse de l’état de santé des classes subalternes dans le monde de l’entreprise comme en dehors.
Patterns of Blood Products Utilization at a Tertiary Care Center in the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhaldy Husain Y. , AlShahrani Bushra Saeed , Alkhaldi Ali Yahya M. , Alqahtani Abdullah Salman A. , Muhayya Ibrahim , Alqahtani Mohammed , Eissa Mohamed 
Published: March 2021

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A total of 457 blood transfusion requests for 244 patients were received over a 3-month period. Registered demographic characteristics (age, sex, and nationality), ward, type of blood, and hemoglobin concentration before transfusion for all the patients were collected.

RESULTS:
A total of 1328 blood products were requested, while 780 (59%) units were transfused. The cross-matched packed red cells/transfusion ratio was 1.8, while request/transfusion was 1.7 for the fresh frozen plasma and 1.23 for platelets. Packed red blood cells were the main blood product used in blood transfusion (BT). General surgery/orthopedics and intensive care unit were reported with a greater number of requests. The main indications noted for blood requisition were surgery and anemia.

CONCLUSIONS:
Current guidelines appear to be respected within services regarding BT decision criteria. However, about half of the requested blood is not transfused which suggest further improvement. Adherence to established guidelines seems variables among different departments. Elective transfusion medicine rotations for all trainees and specialized dedicated sessions for doctors may help in further betterment of utilization of blood bank services.