bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monocytes secrete CXCL7 to promote breast cancer progression
Authors: Wang Yi-Hsiang , Shen Chia-Yi , Lin Sheng-Chieh , Kuo Wen-Hung , Kuo Yuan-Ting , Hsu Yu-Ling , Wang Wen-Ching , Lin Kai-Ti , Wang Lu-Hai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCertain immune cells and inflammatory cytokines are essential components in the tumor microenvironment to promote breast cancer progression. To identify key immune players in the tumor microenvironment, we applied highly invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines to co-culture with human monocyte THP-1 cells and identified CXCL7 by cytokine array as one of the increasingly secreted cytokines by THP-1 cells. Further investigations indicated that upon co-culturing, breast cancer cells secreted CSF1 to induce expression and release of CXCL7 from monocytes, which in turn acted on cancer cells to promote FAK activation, MMP13 expression, migration, and invasion. In a xenograft mouse model, administration of CXCL7 antibodies significantly reduced abundance of M2 macrophages in tumor microenvironment, as well as decreased tumor growth and distant metastasis. Clinical investigation further suggested that high CXCL7 expression is correlated with breast cancer progression and poor overall survival of patients. Overall, our study unveils an important immune cytokine, CXCL7, which is secreted by tumor infiltrating monocytes, to stimulate cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis, contributing to the promotion of breast cancer progression.
TRAIL/DR5 pathway promotes AKT phosphorylation, skeletal muscle differentiation, and glucose uptake
Authors: Toffoli Barbara , Tonon Federica , Tisato Veronica , Zauli Giorgio , Secchiero Paola , Fabris Bruno , Bernardi Stella 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a protein that induces apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal ones, where its effects remain to be fully understood. Previous studies have shown that in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, TRAIL treatment reduced body weight gain, insulin resistance, and inflammation. TRAIL was also able to increase skeletal muscle free fatty acid oxidation. The aim of the present work was to evaluate TRAIL actions on skeletal muscle. Our in vitro data on C2C12 cells showed that TRAIL treatment significantly increased myogenin and MyHC and other hallmarks of myogenic differentiation, which were reduced by Dr5 (TRAIL receptor) silencing. In addition, TRAIL treatment significantly increased AKT phosphorylation, which was reduced by Dr5 silencing, as well as glucose uptake (alone and in combination with insulin). Our in vivo data showed that TRAIL increased myofiber size in HFD-fed mice as well as in db/db mice. This was associated with increased myogenin and PCG1α expression. In conclusion, TRAIL/DR5 pathway promotes AKT phosphorylation, skeletal muscle differentiation, and glucose uptake. These data shed light onto a pathway that might hold therapeutic potential not only for the metabolic disturbances but also for the muscle mass loss that are associated with diabetes.
Flexible simultaneous mesoscale two-photon imaging of neural activity at high speeds
Authors: Clough Mitchell , Chen Ichun Anderson , Park Seong-Wook , Ahrens Allison M. , Stirman Jeffrey N. , Smith Spencer L. , Chen Jerry L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding brain function requires monitoring local and global brain dynamics. Two-photon imaging of the brain across mesoscopic scales has presented trade-offs between imaging area and acquisition speed. We describe a flexible cellular resolution two-photon microscope capable of simultaneous video rate acquisition of four independently targetable brain regions spanning an approximate five-millimeter field of view. With this system, we demonstrate the ability to measure calcium activity across mouse sensorimotor cortex at behaviorally relevant timescales.
Strong-field coherent control of isolated attosecond pulse generation
Authors: Yang Yudong , Mainz Roland E. , Rossi Giulio Maria , Scheiba Fabian , Silva-Toledo Miguel A. , Keathley Phillip D. , Cirmi Giovanni , Kärtner Franz X. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAttosecond science promises to reveal the most fundamental electronic dynamics occurring in matter and it can develop further by meeting two linked technological goals related to high-order harmonic sources: improved spectral tunability (allowing selectivity in addressing electronic transitions) and higher photon flux (permitting to measure low cross-section processes). New developments come through parametric waveform synthesis, which provides control over the shape of field transients, enabling the creation of highly-tunable isolated attosecond pulses via high-harmonic generation. Here we demonstrate that the first goal is fulfilled since central energy, spectral bandwidth/shape and temporal duration of isolated attosecond pulses can be controlled by shaping the laser waveform via two key parameters: the relative-phase between two halves of the multi-octave spanning spectrum, and the overall carrier-envelope phase. These results not only promise to expand the experimental possibilities in attosecond science, but also demonstrate coherent strong-field control of free-electron trajectories using tailored optical waveforms.
Single cell genomics reveals plastid-lacking Picozoa are close relatives of red algae
Authors: Schön Max E. , Zlatogursky Vasily V. , Singh Rohan P. , Poirier Camille , Wilken Susanne , Mathur Varsha , Strassert Jürgen F. H. , Pinhassi Jarone , Worden Alexandra Z. , Keeling Patrick J. , Ettema Thijs J. G. , Wideman Jeremy G. , Burki Fabien 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe endosymbiotic origin of plastids from cyanobacteria gave eukaryotes photosynthetic capabilities and launched the diversification of countless forms of algae. These primary plastids are found in members of the eukaryotic supergroup Archaeplastida. All known archaeplastids still retain some form of primary plastids, which are widely assumed to have a single origin. Here, we use single-cell genomics from natural samples combined with phylogenomics to infer the evolutionary origin of the phylum Picozoa, a globally distributed but seemingly rare group of marine microbial heterotrophic eukaryotes. Strikingly, the analysis of 43 single-cell genomes shows that Picozoa belong to Archaeplastida, specifically related to red algae and the phagotrophic rhodelphids. These picozoan genomes support the hypothesis that Picozoa lack a plastid, and further reveal no evidence of an early cryptic endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. These findings change our understanding of plastid evolution as they either represent the first complete plastid loss in a free-living taxon, or indicate that red algae and rhodelphids obtained their plastids independently of other archaeplastids.
Fluid migrations and volcanic earthquakes from depolarized ambient noise
Authors: Petrosino S. , De Siena L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmbient noise polarizes inside fault zones, yet the spatial and temporal resolution of polarized noise on gas-bearing fluids migrating through stressed volcanic systems is unknown. Here we show that high polarization marks a transfer structure connecting the deforming centre of the caldera to open hydrothermal vents and extensional caldera-bounding faults during periods of low seismic release at Campi Flegrei caldera (Southern Italy). Fluids pressurize the Campi Flegrei hydrothermal system, migrate, and increase stress before earthquakes. The loss of polarization (depolarization) of the transfer and extensional structures maps pressurized fluids, detecting fluid migrations after seismic sequences. After recent intense seismicity (December 2019-April 2020), the transfer structure appears sealed while fluids stored in the east caldera have moved further east. Our findings show that depolarized noise has the potential to monitor fluid migrations and earthquakes at stressed volcanoes quasi-instantaneously and with minimum processing.
High electron mobility in strained GaAs nanowires
Authors: Balaghi Leila , Shan Si , Fotev Ivan , Moebus Finn , Rana Rakesh , Venanzi Tommaso , Hübner René , Mikolajick Thomas , Schneider Harald , Helm Manfred , Pashkin Alexej , Dimakis Emmanouil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTransistor concepts based on semiconductor nanowires promise high performance, lower energy consumption and better integrability in various platforms in nanoscale dimensions. Concerning the intrinsic transport properties of electrons in nanowires, relatively high mobility values that approach those in bulk crystals have been obtained only in core/shell heterostructures, where electrons are spatially confined inside the core. Here, it is demonstrated that the strain in lattice-mismatched core/shell nanowires can affect the effective mass of electrons in a way that boosts their mobility to distinct levels. Specifically, electrons inside the hydrostatically tensile-strained gallium arsenide core of nanowires with a thick indium aluminium arsenide shell exhibit mobility values 30–50 % higher than in equivalent unstrained nanowires or bulk crystals, as measured at room temperature. With such an enhancement of electron mobility, strained gallium arsenide nanowires emerge as a unique means for the advancement of transistor technology.
Inferring the connectivity of coupled chaotic oscillators using Kalman filtering
Authors: Forero-Ortiz E. , Tirabassi G. , Masoller C. , Pons A. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInferring the interactions between coupled oscillators is a significant open problem in complexity science, with multiple interdisciplinary applications. While the Kalman filter (KF) technique is a well-known tool, widely used for data assimilation and parameter estimation, to the best of our knowledge, it has not yet been used for inferring the connectivity of coupled chaotic oscillators. Here we demonstrate that KF allows reconstructing the interaction topology and the coupling strength of a network of mutually coupled Rössler-like chaotic oscillators. We show that the connectivity can be inferred by considering only the observed dynamics of a single variable of the three that define the phase space of each oscillator. We also show that both the coupling strength and the network architecture can be inferred even when the oscillators are close to synchronization. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.
Influence of heat generation/absorption and stagnation point on polystyrene–TiO2/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow
Authors: Masood Sadaf , Farooq Muhammad , Anjum Aisha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on hybrid nanofluid flow induced by stretched surface. The present context covers stagnation point flow of a hybrid nanofluid with the effect of heat generation/absorption. Currently most famous class of nanofluids is Hybrid nanofluid. It contains polystyrene and titanium oxide as a nanoparticles and water as a base fluid. First time attributes of heat transfer are evaluated by utilizing polystyrene–TiO2/H2O hybrid nanofluid with heat generation/absorption. Partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equation by using appropriate transformations for heat and velocity. Homotopy analysis method is operated for solution of ordinary differential equations. Flow and heat are disclosed graphically for unlike parameters. Resistive force and heat transfer rate is deliberated mathematically and graphically. It is deduced that velocity field enhanced for velocity ratio parameter whereas temperature field grows for heat generation/absorption coefficient. To judge the production of any engineering system entropy generation is also calculated. It is noticed that entropy generation grows for Prandtl number and Eckert number while it shows opposite behavior for temperature difference parameter.
Exemplifying the next generation of antibiotic susceptibility intensifiers of phytochemicals by LasR-mediated quorum sensing inhibition
Authors: Shukla Arpit , Shukla Gaurav , Parmar Paritosh , Patel Baldev , Goswami Dweipayan , Saraf Meenu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere persists a constant threat from multidrug resistance being acquired by all human pathogens that challenges the well-being of humans. This phenomenon is predominantly led byPseudomonas aeruginosawhich is already resistant to the current generations of antibiotic by altering its metabolic pathways to survive. Specifically for this microbe the phenomenon of quorum sensing (QS) plays a crucial role in acquiring virulence and pathogenicity. QS is simply the cross talk between the bacterial community driven by signals that bind to receptors, enabling the entire bacterial microcosm to function as a single unit which has led to controlP. aeruginosacumbersome even in presence of antibiotics. Inhibition of QS can, therefore, be of a significant importance to curb such virulent and pathogenic strains ofP. aeruginosa. Natural compounds are well known for their antimicrobial properties, of which, information on their mode of action is scarce. There can be many antimicrobial phytochemicals that act by hindering QS-pathways. The rationale of the current study is to identify such natural compounds that can inhibit QS inP. aeruginosadriven by LasR, PhzR, and RhlR dependent pathways. To achieve this rationale, in silico studies were first performed to identify such natural compounds which were then validated by in vitro experiments. Gingerol and Curcumin were identified as QS-antagonists (QSA) which could further suppress the production of biofilm, EPS, pyocyanin, and rhamnolipid along with improving the susceptibility to antibiotics.
An age stratified analysis of the biomarkers in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Yao Hui , Li Chengjie , Tan Xiaodong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC), a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, has a high incidence and mortality rate. Several recent studies have found that aging is associated with the increasing risk of cancer. Nevertheless, the expression status and function of age-related genes in CRC is still not well understood. In the study, we comprehensively analyzed the gene expression data of CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Age-related differential expression genes (age-related DEGs) in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues of CRC were further identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of age-related DEGs were performed by clusterProfiler of R. Afterwards, we used the STRING database to map the protein–protein interaction network of DEGs. We constructed prognostic model through univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses, and further evaluated their predictive power. The prognostic gene signature-related functional pathways were explored by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify key module associated with two prognostic gene signatures. Finally, we used the Metascape to perform functional enrichment analysis of genes in the key module. A total of 279 age-related DEGs were identified from the TCGA database. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the age-related DEGs were enriched in the Modulation of chemical synaptic transmission and Neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction. Moreover, we established a novel age-related gene signature (DLX2 and PCOLCE2) for overall survival in CRC, which was further predicted in both the training and validation sets. The results of GSEA demonstrated that numerous disease-related pathways were enriched in the high-risk group. We identified 43 genes related to the DLX2 and PCOLCE2 by the WGCNA co-expression network. We also found that these 43 genes were enriched in the cancer-related pathways. To sum up, the study identified an age-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients, which is conducive to the identification of novel prognostic molecular markers.
Cu nanowires modified with carbon-rich conjugated framework PTEB for stabilizing lithium metal anodes
Authors: Yang Shan , Xiao Ru , Zhang Tongwei , Li Yuan , Zhong Benhe , Wu Zhenguo , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: November 2021

The carbon-rich conjugated framework PTEB is employed to modify Cu nanowire arrays for stabilizing Li anodes. A high CE (over 99%) and long lifespan (over 800 h) are achieved. The rich acetylene bonds serve as lithiophilic sites and 3D nanowire array structure promotes uniform Li+ flux.
A visible light driven 3D hierarchical CoTiO3/BiOBr direct Z-scheme heterostructure with enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance
Authors: Wang Lijie , Li Qiang , Lu Xiaoxiao , Tian Zhenfei , He Shiwu , Zhang Jinfeng 
Published: November 2021

The CoTiO3/BiOBr (CTBB) composite displays excellent photocatalytic activity because of the unique nanostructure induced efficient charge separation and transportation in interface of CoTiO3 and BiOBr.
A review on security threats, vulnerabilities, and counter measures of 5G enabled Internet‐of‐Medical‐Things
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Ghazal Taher M. , Saeed Rashid A. , Pandey Bishwajeet , Gohel Hardik , Eshmawi Ala’ A. , Abdel‐Khalek S. , Alkhassawneh Hula Mahmoud 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe recent advancements of Internet of Things (IoT) embedded systems, wireless networks, and biosensors those have assisted in the rapid development of implanting wearable sensors are reviewed here. The applications of the internet of medical things (IoMT) that has gained major attention as an ecosystem of connected clinical systems, computing systems, and medical sensors geared towards improving the quality of healthcare services are also reviewed here. The 5G based AI technology can revolute the perception of healthcare and lifestyle. In light of the importance of IoT platforms and 5G networks, the purpose of this proposed research work is to identify threats that could undermine the integrity, privacy, and security of IoMT systems. Also, the novel blockchain‐based approaches that can help in improving the confidentiality of IoMT network. It has been discovered that IoMT is vulnerable to various types of attacks, including denial of service (DoS), malware, and eavesdropping attack. In addition, IoMT is exposed to various vulnerabilities, such as security, privacy, and confidentiality. Despite multiple security threats, there are novel cryptographic techniques, such as access control, identity authentication, and data encryption that can help in improving the security and reliability of IoMT devices.
Modal analysis of the stator system of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with integer slot multi‐pole pair for electric vehicles
Authors: Li Xiaohua , He Wendan , Zhao Rongjian , Feng Anhui , Liu Yudong , Lu Yue 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe 0‐order natural frequency resonance is the main cause of electromagnetic vibration noise in integer slot multi‐pole pair permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) for electric vehicles. To study this phenomenon, this study proposes a finite element (FE) model of the stator system based on a 48‐slot 8‐pole permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles. Based on this model, the effects of winding, frame end cover and temperature on the natural frequencies of a stator system are analysed by using the equivalent stiffness method (ESM). The simulation results show that the 0‐order natural frequency of the stator core system decreases after considering the winding varnished, and the 0‐order natural frequency is almost unaffected after considering the frame and end cover. However, the other natural frequencies increase in different degrees. In addition, the natural frequencies of the stator core decrease with the increase of temperature. The accuracy of the finite element model is verified by the modal experiment of the hammer method (HM).
Sizing approaches for solar photovoltaic‐based microgrids: A comprehensive review
Authors: Mathew Mobi , Hossain Md Shafayet , Saha Sajeeb , Mondal Som , Haque Md Enamul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the design procedure of a PV‐based microgrid, optimal sizing of its components plays a significant role, as it ensures optimum utilization of the available solar energy and associated storage devices. This in turn ensures efficient and economic operation of the microgrid. Various approaches have been reported in the literature in order to approach the sizing problem in PV‐based microgrids. However, the existing approaches are subjective to the requirements of the microgrid and there is no unique framework for approaching the microgrid sizing problem. In this study, a comprehensive review of the existing approaches used for sizing of PV‐based microgrids with a summary of the commonly adopted design considerations has been presented. Also, the optimization problem, including the usually considered designed objectives and constraints, for PV‐based microgrid sizing have been thoroughly reviewed in this study. Furthermore, the adopted approaches for solving the optimization problem associated with the sizing of a PV‐based microgrid system available in the literature have been reviewed comprehensively. With a view to present a generic framework for the optimal sizing of a PV‐based microgrid, this study further presents a framework based on the comprehensive review of the existing literature. The developed framework will be useful for both the practising engineers and academics to understand and apply the usual practices for optimal sizing of PV‐based microgrids.
Il faut plus de femmes scientifiques dans les médias ! Journée Sciences et Médias 2021
Authors: Michaut Cécile 
Published: November 2021

Organismes de recherche et journalistes doivent travailler ensemble pour une meilleure représentation des femmes dans les médias. Au-delà de l’équité, cette diversité est garante d’une meilleure science.
Après deux reports, la cinquième édition des Journées Sciences et Médias : « Femmes scientifiques à la Une ! Comment améliorer la représentation des femmes scientifiques dans les médias ? » s’est enfin tenue le 29 janvier 2021 à la Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF, site François Mitterand, Paris 13e).
Cette journée était coorganisée par la BnF, l’Association des Journalistes Scientifiques de la Presse d’Information (AJSPI), la Société Française de Physique (SFP), la Société Chimique de France (SCF), la Société Informatique de France (SIF), la Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles (SMAI) et la Société Mathématique de France (SMF).
Recent Advances in Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Reduction of Prochiral Ketones: An Update
Authors: Qin Xu-Long , Xu Li-Jun , Han Fu-She 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChiral alcohols are important synthetic intermediates and building blocks for the synthesis of drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products. Asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones has been the most investigated method for accessing chiral alcohols. In this regard, organocatalyzed asymmetric reduction, as a complementary method to transition-metal- and enzyme-catalyzed reactions, has attracted tremendous interest in the past decades due to the reactions with such catalysts being metal-free and easy to operate, and principally, the ease of recovery and the ability to reuse the catalysts. Following up on a comprehensive overview on organocatalyzed asymmetric reductions of prochiral ketones in early 2018, this short review is intended to summarize the recent progress in this area from the beginning of 2018 until the end of August 2021.1	Introduction2	Boron-Based Chiral Organocatalysts2.1	Boron-Containing Chiral Schiff Base Catalysts2.2	Chiral Alpine-Borane Catalysts2.3	Boron-Containing Chiral Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalysts2.4	Chiral Borate Ester–Amine Complex Catalysts3	Phosphorus-Based Chiral Organocatalysts3.1	Chiral Phosphoric Acid Organocatalysts3.2	Chiral Phosphinamide and Phosphoramide Organocatalysts4	Chiral Ionic Liquid Organocatalysts5	Chiral-Oxazoline-Based Organocatalysts6	Conclusion and Outlook