bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized controlled trial on the effects of the Chinese Medical Nutrition Therapy (CMNT) diet on type 2 diabetes: study protocol
Authors: yang xiao , Kang Xincong , Wu Ruiyu , Lai Xihu , Luo Wu , Yang Lan , Zhou Jiali , Yi Ligang , Liu Dongbo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background:Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a serious clinical problem since it has affected more than 463 million people. The importance of individual nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes is highlighted. Chinese Medical Nutrition Therapy (CMNT) is a special dietary intervention pattern featuring traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The aim of the study is to determine the effect of the CMNT diet on medical nutritional rehabilitation of T2D. The withdrawal rate of anti-diabetic medications will be used to evaluate whether the CMNT diet can improve the blood glucose level and achieve the purpose of nutritional rehabilitation of T2D.Methods:This study is a randomized, controlled, parallel-group study. Seventy T2D patients will be randomly allocated to receive the CMNT diet (n = 35) or to continue their usual diet (as a control, n =35) at a 1:1 ratio for 90 days. Anthropological measures and biochemical assessments, including glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and plasma lipid profiles, will be performed in from patients at baseline and at the end of the study. The primary outcome is the withdrawal rate of antidiabetic medications. Secondary outcomes are HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (PBG), plasma lipid profiles, blood pressure, body mass index, treatment satisfaction and quality of life.Discussion:Preclinical data showed that the CMNT diet decreased the blood glucose level, improved insulin resistance and promoted β-cell regeneration. However, clinical evidence is lacking. The present study will help in understanding the potential effect of the CMNT diet on the medical nutritional rehabilitation of T2D patients. Consumption of the CMNT diet might decrease the blood glucose level and improve glucose and lipid metabolism. If the CMNT diet demonstrates a significant clinical effect for T2D, it will inform clinical guidelines for the management of T2D in the future.Trial registration:The trial was registered on chictr.org.cn. (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR) Identifier: ChiCTR2000038036. Registered 9th of September, 2020; retrospectively registered.
Clinical outcomes of low-dose and high-dose postoperative radioiodine therapy in intermediate-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with low postoperative stimulated thyroglobulin (1-20 ng/ml) and non-structural or functional metastasis: study protocol for a randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Chen Pan , Luo Jia-Xin , Ouyang Wei , Feng Hui-Juan , Wu Ju-Qing , Wang Jing , Deng Yu-Ying , Pan Li-Qin , Chen Yan-Ying , Yuan Li-Yi , Yin Wei-Li 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: For some intermediate risk papillary thyroid carcinoma patients, if there are structural metastases, reoperation is preferred. If there are functional metastases (131I avidity), they can be treated with high-dose radioactive iodine (131I). However, it is still controversial whether 131I ablation should be used and the determination of 131I dosage for another part of intermediate risk patients with non-structural or functional metastases, especially those with postoperative stimulated thyroglobulin (ps-Tg) 1-20 ng/ml. The aim of the present study is mainly to compare the 3-years disease-free survival between low-dose group (1.1 GBq) and high-dose group (3.7 GBq) in intermediate risk papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with non-structural or functional metastases and ps-Tg 1-20 ng/ml.Methods: A single-center, randomized, double-blind parallel controlled study is designed at the Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University. Participants will be randomized to low-dose group (1.1 GBq) or high-dose group (3.7 GBq) in a 1:1 ratio. After orally receiving different dosage of 131I once on an empty stomach, all patients will return to our hospital every 3-12 months to be performed related inspection items. Discussion: We believe that the 3-year disease-free survival of low-dose group (1.1 GBq) may not be lower than that of high-dose group (3.7 GBq) in intermediate-risk thyroid papillary carcinoma patients with no structural or functional metastases and ps-Tg 1-20 ng/ml. Besides we expect to clarify whether there are apparent differences in successful remnant ablation, efficacy, progression-free survival, safety, and health economics evaluation between the two groups.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/), ID: NCT04354324. Registered on 16 April, 2020.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (Xiao Tan San Jie Granule) for Covid-19 Patients in Rehabilitation Stage: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Yingshuai , Han Junwen , Zhang ying , Wang Ji , He Jiangming , Zhang Guoli , Liu Li , Wang Yulian , Zheng Yanfei , Li Lingru , Wang Qi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused pandemic all over the world. As more and more patients gradually are recovering from Covid-19, they still have some symptoms like short of breath, cough, and phlegm. how to improve their quality of life and shorten the rehabilitation time is still no widely recognized clinical program. In this study, we designed Xiao Tan San Jie (XTSJ) Granule based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory and assess its efficiency and safety during rehabilitation stage of Covid-19 patients. Method/Design: This study is a 12-week, randomized, double-blinded, controlled, clinical trial that will include 132 Covid-19 patients. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to XTSJ granule group or placebo group. Participants will receive 28 days treatment. The primary outcome assessment is scores of lung CT scan at week 2 and week 4. The secondary outcome assessment includes pulmonary function test, scores of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of Covid-19 symptoms, Scores of Qi Deficiency and Phlegm Stasis syndrome scale, Scores of St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) at week 2 and week 4. Discussion: In TCM theory XTSJ granule has a regulate effect on respiratory function, lung infection, cough and phlegm which has the potential treatment effect on COVID19 patients. This study will provide initial evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of XTSJ granule for Covid-19 patients in rehabilitation stage. Trial registration: This study was prospectively registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry( number: ChiCTR2000031672). Registration date: April 6,2020.
Effect of changes in climate variables on hydrological regime of Chenab basin, western Himalaya
Authors: Grover Sonia , Tayal Shresth , Sharma Richa , Beldring Stein 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In high altitude, scarcely gauged basins, climate change impact assessment on river discharge is important for sustainable management of water resources. These basins are sources for irrigation and hydropower generation in the region. Expected changes in precipitation and temperature can affect the basin's hydrological regime which will have consequential impacts on the dependent sectors. For quantifying the impacts of major climatic variables on hydrological processes, this paper examined bias-corrected GCM outputs coupled with a hydrological model – HBV for Chenab basin. Trend analysis shows that precipitation would decrease after the short-term period and temperature is expected to increase throughout the century. Simulated river discharge is expected to increase throughout the 21st century under both RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. It is also observed that there would be a shift in seasonal discharge patterns with increased pre- and post-monsoon contributions. Increase in snow and ice melt contribution to the overall discharge is also expected and would range between 50 and 59% until 2100. This study concluded that expected increase in discharge volume coupled with shift in seasonal discharge pattern would impact the basin water management and thus it is important to consider the impact of climate change on the hydrological regimes of basins.
Topical Clobetasol: An Overlooked Cause of Cushing Syndrome
Authors: Ghirardo Sergio , De Nardi Laura , Tommasini Alberto , Barbi Egidio , Tornese Gianluca 
Published: April 2021

:
We describe the case of an 11-year-old boy affected by chronic granulomatous disease
complicated by a Crohn’s like colitis needing prolonged treatment with oral corticosteroids. His
therapy for the control of severe oral mucositis was based on topical clobetasol, which did not decrease
once the steroids were discontinued. Two years after the oral interruption of the steroids,
cushingoid characteristics persisted, the cause of which, after a thorough investigation, was found
to be the persistence of the topical clobetasol oral gel. Several studies investigated the efficacy of
topical clobetasol for immuno-related mucositis, but little is known about its pharmacokinetics and
side effects. In this report, we have reviewed the literature, defining a maximum putative dose of
clobetasol mucosal gel to avoid Cushing syndrome.
Ionic Liquid Mediated Graphene-based Pd Nanocomposites for Coupling
Reactions
Authors: Srivastava Vivek 
Published: April 2021

Aims:
In search of a ligand-free, recyclable, selective, and stable catalytic system, we engineered
both Pd/GO and Pd/rGO composites and tested them as catalysts for Heck and Suzuki reactions
in [bmim] NTf2 ionic liquid medium.

Background:
Various reports and reviews have been published on exploring the application of ionic
liquids as a reaction medium for different organic transformations. Recently, graphene-supported
Pt nanoparticles have immobilized with the 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)
imide ionic liquid [MTBD][bmsi] and further tested to study the oxygen reduction
reaction. Surprisingly, [MTBD][bmsi] immobilized system was found highly active towards
electrocatalytic reaction.

Objective:
In various reports, palladium nanoparticles were immobilized with graphene oxide (GO)
or with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and these two types of graphene were further tested as a catalyst
for different coupling reactions such as Suzuki-Miyaura, Heck, and Suzuki reaction. Both Pd/-
GO and Pd/rGO were found attractive concerning catalyst specific property, i.e., high surface area,
and because of that, graphene immobilized palladium was found to be similar to other commercially
available palladium catalysts (e.g., Pd on charcoal), but collectively, both hybrid materials (Pd/-
GO and Pd/rGO) possess various drawbacks, like high catalyst loading, catalyst leaching (via agglomeration
of Pd metals into the clusters) during the recycling test (especially in case of Pd/GO),
limited substrate scope, and the requirement of polar solvents, etc.

Methods:
All the chemicals were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Acros, or Fluka. NMR spectra
were recorded on a standard Bruker 300WB spectrometer with an Avance console at 300 and 75
MHz for 1H and 13C NMR, respectively. Pd/O and Pd/rGO were synthesized as per the reported procedure.
The residue was purified by flash chromatography (FC) with hexane/ethyl acetate. The detailed
1H and 13C NMR of each Heck and Suzuki reaction product were found similar to the reported
analytical data. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imide ([bmim]NTf2)
was synthesized as per the reported procedure.

Results and Conclusion:
We have successfully developed a highly efficient ligand-free method for
Heck and Suzuki reaction, using Pd/rGO catalysts in an ionic liquid medium which afforded the
coupling products with excellent yield. One of the major advantages of the proposed protocol is
that the catalyst system can be easily re-usable without the loss of catalytic activity, thereby multiplying
catalyst turnover. Another advantage is that the reaction proceeds without phosphine ligands,
which are expensive, toxic, and contaminants of the product. The green nature of ionic liquid and
the simplicity of its operation make the present Heck and Suzuki reactions more attractive.
A Systematic Review on the Prevalence of Depression and its Associated Factors among International University Students
Authors: Saravanan Coumaravelou , Subhashini Ganesan 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Depression is the most common mental health problem among
students. International students are more vulnerable and have shown an increased percentage
of depression, but no review on the prevalence of depression among international students
is available.

Objective:
To explore the documented prevalence of depression among international students
studying in universities and what are the associated factors of depression that are
stated in the article mentioning the prevalence of depression.

Methods:
Various online databases were used to identify research articles related to the
prevalence of depression among international students published between January 2010
and April 2020. Ten articles were included in this review based on the selection criteria.

Results:
Overall, the prevalence of depression ranges from 22.6% to 45.3% among international
students and ranges from 34.2% to 46.5% in males and 33.2% to 54.1% in females.
Academic stress, English proficiency, cultural shock, burnout, distress, acculturative
stress, social isolation, living alone, and lack of social connectedness predicted the
depression among international students.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of depression is higher among international students compared
to domestic students and the general population. A thorough psychological and social
assessment would be beneficial to screen for mental health problems, including depression.
Advances in applications of non-destructive testing (NDT): a review
Authors: Gupta Mridul , Khan Muhsin Ahmad``` 
Published: April 2021

Manufacturing defects and discontinuities in a product are anomalies which can lead to severe damages which may sometimes involve loss of life. These defects must be examined and corrected before the product goes into service. There are two methods of testing a product for defects and discontinuities viz. Destructive Testing and Non-Destructive Testing. Destructive Testing entails subjecting the product to conditions that leads to failure of the product whereas Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) is the process of examining the products for defects in a way in which it retains its usefulness for future service. This paper discusses various methods involved in NDT such as Visual Testing, Magnetic Particle Inspection, Penetrant Testing, Ultrasonic Testing, Radiographic Testing, Acoustic Emission and Eddy Current Testing with a major focus on advances in the applications of NDT.
Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam Pengelolaan Ekstrakurikuler
Authors: Yunianto Teguh , Surohman Ahmad , Hasanah Niswatun 
Published: April 2021

Kepeminpinan merupakan faktor yang paling penting terhadap ketercapaian tujuan suatu organisasi baik organisasi pendidikan ataupun organisasi di luar pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dalam pengelolaan ekstrakurikuler. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskripsi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara dan dokumentasi. Jenis analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, displaydata, verifikasi dan penegasan kesimpulan. Lokasi penelitian adalah di MI Ma’arif Bego Yogyakarta. Subjek penelitiannya yaitu kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah, dua orang pelatih ekstrakurikuler, dan tiga orang siswa/siswi. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dalam pengelolaan ekstrakurikuler sudah sangat baik. Kepala sekolah memiliki kompetensi yang baik dalam melakukan tugas-tugasnya. Kegiatan ekstrakurikuler meliputi silat, tahfiz, pramuka, sepak bola, badminton, catur, renang, dan hadro. Pramuka, silat, dan tahfiz merupakan kegiatan ekstrakulikuler yang wajib diikuti oleh siswa. Terdapat kendala dalam pengelolaan ekstrakurikuler seperti ketersediaan guru, fasilitas, dan kendala musim.The Role of Principal's Leadership in Extracurricular Management Leadership is the most important factor for the achievement of the goals of an organization, both educational organizations and non-educational organizations. This study aims to determine the role of the principal's leadership in extracurricular management. This research method used is a qualitative method with a description approach. The data collection techniques used were interviews and documentation. Types of data analysis using the Miles and Huberman model, namely data collection data reduction, data display, verification, and confirmation of conclusions. The research location in this study is located at MI Maarif Bego Yogyakarta. With the research subjects, namely the principal, vice-principal, two extracurricular trainers, and three students. The results of the study explained that in MI Maarif Bego the principal's leadership in extracurricular management was already very good. The principal has good competence in carrying out his duties. The extracurricular activities at MI Maarif Bego include Silat, tahfidz, scout, soccer, badminton, chess, swimming, and hadroh activities. The extracurricular activities that are required of students are Scouts, silat, and tahfidz. But in management it still has constraints such as the availability of teachers, facilities and season constraints.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Pengembangan Program Pendidikan Nonformal Mahasiswa melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Projek
Authors: Tohani Entoh 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan kompetensi pengembangan program pendidikan nonformal bagi mahasiswa melalui pembelajaran berbasis proyek sehingga mahasiswa dapat dengan mudah memahami dan memiliki keterampilan mengembangkan program pendidikan nonformal secara bermakna. Kompetensi pengembangan program pendidikan nonformal dalam perkuliahan dipandang sulit dikuasai mahasiswa karena kompetensi ini bersifat multidisplin, memerlukan kemampuan berfikir sistematis dan membutuhkan banyak pengalaman. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilakukan pada mahasiswa semester 5 yang menempuh Mata Kuliah Inovasi dan Pengembangan Program PNF tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Pengumpuan data dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis dengan teknik analisis kuantitatif deskriptif dan teknik analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proses pembelajaran ini memberikan manfaat positif yang ditandai dengan proses pembelajaran menjadi lebih dinamis dan terjadi perubahan perilaku positif mahasiswa sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran yang diharapkan. Oleh karena itu, dipandang perlu pembelajaran berbasis proyek yang inovatif perlu dikembangkan pada rumpun ilmu pendidikan nonformal lainnya dan perkuliahan lainnnya disertai dengan penyediaan kemitraan dan dukungan sumber daya yang memadai.Improving the Competence of Developing the Nonformal Education Program for Students Through Project-Based TeachingThis study aims to improve competencies of the development of the nonformal education program to students through project-based learning so that they can easily understand and have the skills significantly. The competencies are viewed as difficult for students to master because it is multidisciplinary, requires the ability to think systematically, and needs a lot of experiences. This research is classroom action research that is conducted on 5th-semester students taking the substance of the Innovation and Development of PNF Program in the academic year 2018/2019. Data were collected qualitatively and quantitatively and then analyzed using analysis data technique both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that the learning process provided positive benefits in which it was more dynamic and there was a change in student's positive behavior in accordance with the expected learning objectives. Therefore, it is necessary that innovative project-based learning needs to be developed in other non-formal education courses and accompanied by the provision of partnerships and adequate resource support.
A Digital Intervention for Primary Care Practitioners to Support Antidepressant Discontinuation (Advisor for Health Professionals): Development Study
Authors: Bowers Hannah , Kendrick Tony , van Ginneken Nadja , Glowacka Marta , Williams Samantha , Leydon Geraldine M , May Carl , Dowrick Christopher , Moncrieff Joanna , Johnson Chris F , Moore Michael , Laine Rebecca , Geraghty Adam W A 
Published: April 2021

Background
The number of people receiving antidepressants has increased in the past 3 decades, mainly because of people staying on them longer. However, in many cases long-term treatment is not evidence based and risks increasing side effects. Additionally, prompting general practitioners (GPs) to review medication does not improve the rate of appropriate discontinuation. Therefore, GPs and other health professionals may need help to support patients discontinuing antidepressants in primary care.

Objective
This study aims to develop a digital intervention to support practitioners in helping patients discontinue inappropriate long-term antidepressants (as part of a wider intervention package including a patient digital intervention and patient telephone support).

Methods
A prototype digital intervention called Advisor for Health Professionals (ADvisor HP) was planned and developed using theory, evidence, and a person-based approach. The following elements informed development: a literature review and qualitative synthesis, an in-depth qualitative study, the development of guiding principles for design elements, and theoretical behavioral analyses. The intervention was then optimized through think-aloud qualitative interviews with health professionals while they were using the prototype intervention.

Results
Think-aloud qualitative interviews with 19 health professionals suggested that the digital intervention contained useful information and was readily accessible to practitioners. The development work highlighted a need for further guidance on drug tapering schedules for practitioners and clarity about who is responsible for broaching the subject of discontinuation. Practitioners highlighted the need to have information in easily and quickly accessible formats because of time constraints in day-to-day practice. Some GPs felt that some information was already known to them but understood why this was included. Practitioners differed in their ideas about how they would use ADvisor HP in practice, with some preferring to read the resource in its entirety and others wanting to dip in and out as needed. Changes were made to the wording and structure of the intervention in response to the feedback provided.

Conclusions
ADvisor HP is a digital intervention that has been developed using theory, evidence, and a person-based approach. The optimization work suggests that practitioners may find this tool to be useful in supporting the reduction of long-term antidepressant use. Further quantitative and qualitative evaluation through a randomized controlled trial is needed to examine the feasibility, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of the intervention.