bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Surface Quasi‐Geostrophic‐Based Dynamical‐Statistical Framework to Retrieve Interior Temperature/Salinity From Ocean Surface
Authors: Yan Hengqian , Zhang Ren , Wang Huizan , Bao Senliang , Chen Jian , Wang Gongjie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConventional methods to reconstruct ocean interior temperature/salinity (T/S) from surface data are mostly “pure data‐driven.” On the other hand, the reconstruction methods based on surface quasi‐geostrophic (SQG) dynamics present promising results in retrieving mesoscale density structures. It is rarely considered to incorporate SQG‐based reconstructions to facilitate the estimation of subsurface T/S. Since the SQG equation does not contain explicit terms of T/S, a density incorporation tool of least square‐multivariate empirical orthogonal functions (LS‐mEOFs) algorithm is proposed to retrieve T/S fields based on concurrent surface T/S and vertical density reconstructions. The LS‐mEOFs plus SQG‐based density reconstruction is developed into a novel dynamical‐statistical framework of subsurface T/S reconstruction. In this study, the framework is evaluated based on the eddy‐resolving ocean general circulation model for the Earth simulator simulation. The density reconstructions of SQG, interior + SQG (isQG), and SQG‐mEOF‐R are incorporated respectively. The results are compared with two linear algorithms of multivariate linear regression and mEOF‐R and two machine learning algorithms of fruit fly optimized generalized regression neural network and random forest. The LS‐mEOFs plus isQG and LS‐mEOFs plus SQG‐mEOF‐R present robust T/S reconstruction in the selected regions of Northwest Pacific and Southeast Pacific. Especially, the Southeast Pacific is abundant of subsurface‐intensified eddies, where the T/S fields are poorly retrieved by machine learning algorithms. It is encouraging that the SQG‐based dynamical‐statistical framework can outperform the machine learning algorithms in retrieving those complicated T/S structures. The proposed framework is applicable to 3D mesoscale T/S reconstruction with the advent of surface water and ocean topography mission.
Grounding‐Zone Flow Variability of Priestley Glacier, Antarctica, in a Diurnal Tidal Regime
Authors: Drews R. , Wild C. T. , Marsh O. J. , Rack W. , Ehlers T. A. , Neckel N. , Helm V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTidal modulation of ice streams and their adjacent ice shelves is a real‐world experiment to understand ice‐dynamic processes. We observe the dynamics of Priestley Glacier, Antarctica, using Terrestrial Radar Interferometry (TRI) and GNSS. Ocean tides are predominantly diurnal but horizontal GNSS displacements also oscillate semi‐diurnally. The oscillations are strongest in the ice shelf and tidal signatures decay near‐linearly in the TRI data over 10 km upstream of the grounding line. Tidal flexing is observed 6 km upstream of the grounding line including cm‐scale uplift. Tidal grounding line migration is small and 40% of the ice thickness. The frequency doubling of horizontal displacements relative to the ocean tides is consistent with variable ice‐shelf buttressing demonstrated with a visco‐elastic Maxwell model. Taken together, this supports previously hypothesized flexural ice softening in the grounding‐zone through tides and offers new observational constraints for the role of ice rheology in ice‐shelf buttressing.
Coupling the U.K. Earth System Model to Dynamic Models of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets
Authors: Smith Robin S. , Mathiot Pierre , Siahaan Antony , Lee Victoria , Cornford Stephen L. , Gregory Jonathan M. , Payne Antony J. , Jenkins Adrian , Holland Paul R. , Ridley Jeff K. , Jones Colin G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe physical interactions between ice sheets and the atmosphere and ocean around them are major factors in determining the state of the climate system, yet many current Earth System models omit them entirely or treat them very simply. In this work we describe how models of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have been incorporated into the global U.K. Earth System model (UKESM1) via substantial technical developments with a two‐way coupling that passes fluxes of energy and water, and the topography of the ice sheet surface and ice shelf base, between the component models. File‐based coupling outside the running model executables is used throughout to pass information between the components, which we show is both physically appropriate and convenient within the UKESM1 structure. Ice sheet surface mass balance is computed in the land surface model using multi‐layer snowpacks in subgrid‐scale elevation ranges and compares well to the results of regional climate models. Ice shelf front discharge forms icebergs, which drift and melt in the ocean. Ice shelf basal mass balance is simulated using the full three‐dimensional ocean model representation of the circulation in ice‐shelf cavities. We show a range of example results, including from simulations with changes in ice sheet height and thickness of hundreds of meters, and changes in ice sheet grounding line and land‐terminating margin of many tens of kilometres, demonstrating that the coupled model is computationally stable when subject to significant changes in ice sheet geometry.
Storing and retrieving multiple images in 3D nonlinear photonic crystals
Authors: Arie Ady 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA nonlinear hologram enables to record the amplitude and phase of a waveform by spatially modulating the second order nonlinear coefficient, so that when a pump laser illuminates it, this waveform is reconstructed at the second harmonic frequency. The concept was now extended to enable the generation of multiple waveforms from a single hologram, with potential applications in high density storage, quantum optics, and optical microscopy.
Sequential storage and release of microdroplets
Authors: Toprakcioglu Zenon , Knowles Tuomas P. J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDroplet microfluidic methods have opened up the possibility of studying a plethora of phenomena ranging from biological to physical or chemical processes at ultra low volumes and high throughput. A key component of such approaches is the ability to trap droplets for observation, and many device architectures for achieving this objective have been developed. A challenge with such approaches is, however, recovering the droplets following their confinement for applications involving further analysis. Here, we present a device capable of generating, confining and releasing microdroplets in a sequential manner. Through a combination of experimental and computational simulations, we shed light on the key features required for successful droplet storage and retrieval. Moreover, we explore the effect of the flow rate of the continuous phase on droplet release, determining that a critical rate is needed to ensure complete droplet deformation through constrictions holding the droplets in place prior to release. Finally, we find that once released, droplets can be retrieved and collected off chip. The ability to generate, store and sequentially release droplets renders such a device particularly promising for future applications where reactions may not only be monitored on-chip, but droplets can also be retrieved for further analysis, facilitating new exploratory avenues in the fields of analytical chemistry and biology.
Predictors of outcomes in adults with acute myeloid leukemia and KMT2A rearrangements
Authors: Issa Ghayas C. , Zarka Jabra , Sasaki Koji , Qiao Wei , Pak Daewoo , Ning Jing , Short Nicholas J. , Haddad Fadi , Tang Zhenya , Patel Keyur P. , Cuglievan Branko , Daver Naval , DiNardo Courtney D. , Jabbour Elias , Kadia Tapan , Borthakur Gautam , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Konopleva Marina , Andreeff Michael , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Ravandi Farhad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) with rearrangement of the lysine methyltransferase 2a gene (KMT2Ar) has adverse outcomes. However, reports on the prognostic impact of various translocations causing KMT2Ar are conflicting. Less is known about associated mutations and their prognostic impact. In a retrospective analysis, we identified 172 adult patients with KMT2Ar AML and compared them to 522 age-matched patients with diploid AML. KMT2Ar AML had fewer mutations, most commonly affecting RAS and FLT3 without significant impact on prognosis, except for patients with ≥2 mutations with lower overall survival (OS). KMT2Ar AML had worse outcomes compared with diploid AML when newly diagnosed and at relapse, especially following second salvage (median OS of 2.4 vs 4.8 months, P < 0.0001). Therapy-related KMT2Ar AML (t-AML) had worse outcomes compared with de novo KMT2Ar AML (median OS of 0.7 years vs 1.4 years, P < 0.0001). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) in first remission was associated with improved OS (5-year, 52 vs 14% for no allo-HSCT, P < 0.0001). In a multivariate analysis, translocation subtypes causing KMT2Ar did not predict survival, unlike age and allo-HSCT. In conclusion, KMT2Ar was associated with adverse outcomes regardless of translocation subtype. Therefore, AML risk stratification guidelines should include all KMT2Ar as adverse.
The JAK2 inhibitor TG101209 exhibits anti-tumor and chemotherapeutic sensitizing effects on Burkitt lymphoma cells by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3/c-MYB signaling axis
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Ji , Zhong Haiying , Xiao Xiang , Wang Zhihua , Cheng Zhao , Hu Cunhong , Zhang Guangsen , Liu Sufang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConstitutive activation of JAK2/STAT3 is a major oncogenic signaling event involved in the development of Burkitt lymphoma (BL). In the present study, we investigated the antilymphoma activity of TG101209, a specific JAK2 inhibitor, on EBV-positive and EBV-negative Burkitt lymphoma cell lines and primary BL cells. The results showed that TG101209 had a significant antilymphoma effect by inhibiting BL cell growth and inducing apoptosis along with cell differentiation toward mature B cells in vitro. We also found that TG101209 displayed significant synergistic action and a sensitizing effect on the anti-Burkitt lymphoma activity of doxorubicin. In vivo experiments indicated that TG101209 could suppress tumor growth and prolong the overall survival of BL cell-bearing mice. The mechanistic study indicated that TG101209, by suppressing the JAK2/STAT3/c-MYB signaling axis and crosstalk between the downstream signaling pathways, plays an antilymphoma role. These data suggested that TG101209 may be a promising agent or alternative choice for the treatment of BL.
COVID Border Accountability Project, a hand-coded global database of border closures introduced during 2020
Authors: Shiraef Mary A. , Hirst Cora , Weiss Mark A. , Naseer Sarah , Lazar Nikolas , Beling Elizabeth , Straight Erin , Feddern Lukas , Taylor Noah Rusk , Jackson Cayleigh , Yu William , Bhaskaran Aadya , Mattar Layth , Amme Matthew , Shum Maggie , Mitsdarffer Mary Louise , Sweere Johanna , Brantley Susanna E. , Schenoni Luis L. , Lewis-Beck Colin ,   COBAP Team, Shiraef Mary A. , Falcone Jonathan , Hasaj Sonila , Gradie Amalia , Musetti Rachel E. , Nguyen Thuy , Selvaraj Yashwini , Walker Bryn , Amme Matthew , Hirst Cora , Naseer Sarah , Lazar Nikolas , Straight Erin , Feddern Lukas , Taylor Noah Rusk , Jackson Cayleigh , Yu William , Bhaskaran Aadya , Mattar Layth , Weiss Mark A. , Shum Maggie , Mitsdarffer Mary Louise 
Published: September 2021

AbstractQuantifying the timing and content of policy changes affecting international travel and immigration is key to ongoing research on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the socioeconomic impacts of border closures. The COVID Border Accountability Project (COBAP) provides a hand-coded dataset of >1000 policies systematized to reflect a complete timeline of country-level restrictions on movement across international borders during 2020. Trained research assistants used pre-set definitions to source, categorize and verify for each new border policy: start and end dates, whether the closure is “complete” or “partial”, which exceptions are made, which countries are banned, and which air/land/sea borders were closed. COBAP verified the database through internal and external audits from public health experts. For purposes of further verification and future data mining efforts of pandemic research, the full text of each policy was archived. The structure of the COBAP dataset is designed for use by social and biomedical scientists. For broad accessibility to policymakers and the public, our website depicts the data in an interactive, user-friendly, time-based map.
Heterothermy as a mechanism to offset energetic costs of environmental and homeostatic perturbations
Authors: Morales Javier Omar , Walker Nikki , Warne Robin W. , Boyles Justin G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEnvironmental and biotic pressures impose homeostatic costs on all organisms. The energetic costs of maintaining high body temperatures (Tb) render endotherms sensitive to pressures that increase foraging costs. In response, some mammals become more heterothermic to conserve energy. We measuredTbin banner-tailed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis) to test and disentangle the effects of air temperature and moonlight (a proxy for predation risk) on thermoregulatory homeostasis. We further perturbed homeostasis in some animals with chronic corticosterone (CORT) via silastic implants. Heterothermy increased across summer, consistent with the predicted effect of lunar illumination (and predation), and in the direction opposite to the predicted effect of environmental temperatures. The effect of lunar illumination was also evident within nights as animals maintained lowTbwhen the moon was above the horizon. The pattern was accentuated in CORT-treated animals, suggesting they adopted an even further heightened risk-avoidance strategy that might impose reduced foraging and energy intake. Still, CORT-treatment did not affect body condition over the entire study, indicating kangaroo rats offset decreases in energy intake through energy savings associated with heterothermy. Environmental conditions receive the most attention in studies of thermoregulatory homeostasis, but we demonstrated here that biotic factors can be more important and should be considered in future studies.
Dogs are more pessimistic if their owners use two or more aversive training methods
Authors: Casey Rachel A. , Naj-Oleari Maria , Campbell Sarah , Mendl Michael , Blackwell Emily J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDomestic dogs are trained using a range of different methods, broadly categorised as reward based (positive reinforcement/negative punishment) and aversive based (positive punishment/negative reinforcement). Previous research has suggested associations between use of positive punishment-based techniques and undesired behaviours, but there is little research investigating the relative welfare consequences of these different approaches. This study used a judgement bias task to compare the underlying mood state of dogs whose owners reported using two or more positive punishment/negative reinforcement based techniques, with those trained using only positive reinforcement/negative punishment in a matched pair study design. Dogs were trained to discriminate between rewarded and unrewarded locations equidistant from a start box, and mean latencies recorded. Their subsequent latency to intermediate ‘ambiguous’ locations was recorded as an indication of whether these were perceived as likely to contain food or not. Dogs trained using aversive methods were slower to all ambiguous locations. This difference was significant for latency to the middle (Wilcoxon Z = − 2.380, P = 0.017), and near positive (Wilcoxon Z = − 2.447, P = 0.014) locations, suggesting that dogs trained using coercive methods may have a more negative mood state, and hence that there are welfare implications of training dogs using such methods.
New spinosaurids from the Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, UK) and the European origins of Spinosauridae
Authors: Barker Chris T. , Hone David W. E. , Naish Darren , Cau Andrea , Lockwood Jeremy A. F. , Foster Brian , Clarkin Claire E. , Schneider Philipp , Gostling Neil J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpinosaurids are among the most distinctive and yet poorly-known of large-bodied theropod dinosaurs, a situation exacerbated by their mostly fragmentary fossil record and competing views regarding their palaeobiology. Here, we report two new Early Cretaceous spinosaurid specimens from the Wessex Formation (Barremian) of the Isle of Wight. Large-scale phylogenetic analyses using parsimony and Bayesian techniques recover the pair in a new clade within Baryonychinae that also includes the hypodigm of the African spinosaurid Suchomimus. Both specimens represent distinct and novel taxa, herein named Ceratosuchops inferodios gen. et sp. nov. and Riparovenator milnerae gen. et sp. nov. A palaeogeographic reconstruction suggests a European origin for Spinosauridae, with at least two dispersal events into Africa. These new finds provide welcome information on poorly sampled areas of spinosaurid anatomy, suggest that sympatry was present and potentially common in baryonychines and spinosaurids as a whole, and contribute to updated palaeobiogeographic reconstructions for the clade.
Bose–Einstein condensate soliton qubit states for metrological applications
Authors: Ngo The Vinh , Tsarev Dmitriy V. , Lee Ray-Kuang , Alodjants Alexander P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe propose a novel platform for quantum metrology based on qubit states of two Bose–Einstein condensate solitons, optically manipulated, trapped in a double-well potential, and coupled through nonlinear Josephson effect. We describe steady-state solutions in different scenarios and perform a phase space analysis in the terms of population imbalance—phase difference variables to demonstrate macroscopic quantum self-trapping regimes. Schrödinger-cat states, maximally path-entangled (N00N) states, and macroscopic soliton qubits are predicted and exploited to distinguish the obtained macroscopic states in the framework of binary (non-orthogonal) state discrimination problem. For an arbitrary frequency estimation we have revealed these macroscopic soliton states have a scaling up to the Heisenberg and super-Heisenberg (SH) limits within linear and nonlinear metrology procedures, respectively. The examples and numerical evaluations illustrate experimental feasibility of estimation with SH accuracy of angular frequency between the ground and first excited macroscopic states of the condensate in the presence of moderate losses, which opens new perspectives for current frequency standard technologies.
Population genetic structure of raccoons as a consequence of multiple introductions and range expansion in the Boso Peninsula, Japan
Authors: Hirose Miki , Yoshida Kazuya , Inoue Eiji , Hasegawa Masami 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe raccoon (Procyon lotor) is an invasive carnivore that invaded various areas of the world. Although controlling feral raccoon populations is important to reduce serious threats to local ecosystems, raccoons are not under rigid population control in Europe and Japan. We examined the D-loop and nuclear microsatellite regions to identify spatially explicit and feasible management units for effective population control and further range expansion retardation. Through the identification of five mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and three nuclear genetic groups, we identified at least three independent introductions, range expansion, and subsequent genetic admixture in the Boso Peninsula. The management unit considered that two were appropriate because two populations have already genetic exchange. Furthermore, when taking management, we think that it is important to monitor DNA at the same time as capture measures for feasible management. This makes it possible to determine whether there is a invasion that has a significant impact on population growth from out of the unit, and enables adaptive management.
Superconductivity assisted change of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in V/MgO/Fe junctions
Authors: González-Ruano César , Caso Diego , Johnsen Lina G. , Tiusan Coriolan , Hehn Michel , Banerjee Niladri , Linder Jacob , Aliev Farkhad G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractControlling the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in thin films has received considerable attention in recent years due to its technological importance. PMA based devices usually involve heavy-metal (oxide)/ferromagnetic-metal bilayers, where, thanks to interfacial spin-orbit coupling (SOC), the in-plane (IP) stability of the magnetisation is broken. Here we show that in V/MgO/Fe(001) epitaxial junctions with competing in-plane and out-of-plane (OOP) magnetic anisotropies, the SOC mediated interaction between a ferromagnet (FM) and a superconductor (SC) enhances the effective PMA below the superconducting transition. This produces a partial magnetisation reorientation without any applied field for all but the largest junctions, where the IP anisotropy is more robust; for the smallest junctions there is a reduction of the field required to induce a complete OOP transition ($$H_\text {OOP}$$

H
OOP

) due to the stronger competition between the IP and OOP anisotropies. Our results suggest that the degree of effective PMA could be controlled by the junction lateral size in the presence of superconductivity and an applied electric field. We also discuss how the $$H_\text {OOP}$$

H
OOP

field could be affected by the interaction between magnetic stray fields and superconducting vortices. Our experimental findings, supported by numerical modelling of the ferromagnet-superconductor interaction, open pathways to active control of magnetic anisotropy in the emerging dissipation-free superconducting spin electronics.
Effect of 1-MHz ultrasound on the proinflammatory interleukin-6 secretion in human keratinocytes
Authors: Giantulli Sabrina , Tortorella Elisabetta , Brasili Francesco , Scarpa Susanna , Cerroni Barbara , Paradossi Gaio , Bedini Angelico , Morrone Stefania , Silvestri Ida , Domenici Fabio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractKeratinocytes, the main cell type of the skin, are one of the most exposed cells to environmental factors, providing a first defence barrier for the host and actively participating in immune response. In fact, keratinocytes express pattern recognition receptors that interact with pathogen associated molecular patterns and damage associated molecular patterns, leading to the production of cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin (IL)-6. Herein, we investigated whether mechanical energy transported by low intensity ultrasound (US) could generate a mechanical stress able to induce the release of inflammatory cytokine such IL-6 in the human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. The extensive clinical application of US in both diagnosis and therapy suggests the need to better understand the related biological effects. Our results point out that US promotes the overexpression and secretion of IL-6, associated with the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, we observed a reduced cell viability dependent on exposure parameters together with alterations in membrane permeability, paving the way for further investigating the molecular mechanisms related to US exposure.