bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic and metabolic regulation of epidermal homeostasis
Authors: Wagner Roland N. , Piñón Hofbauer Josefina , Wally Verena , Kofler Barbara , Schmuth Matthias , De Rosa Laura , De Luca Michele , Bauer Johann W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContinuous exposure of the skin to environmental, mechanical and chemical stress necessitates constant self‐renewal of the epidermis to maintain its barrier function. This self‐renewal ability is attributed to epidermal stem cells (EPSCs), which are long‐lived, multipotent cells located in the basal layer of the epidermis. Epidermal homeostasis – coordinated proliferation and differentiation of EPSCs – relies on fine‐tuned adaptations in gene expression which in turn are tightly associated with specific epigenetic signatures and metabolic requirements. In this review, we will briefly summarize basic concepts of EPSC biology and epigenetic regulation with relevance to epidermal homeostasis. We will highlight the intricate interplay between mitochondrial energy metabolism and epigenetic events – including miRNA‐mediated mechanisms – and discuss how the loss of epigenetic regulation and epidermal homeostasis manifests in skin disease. Discussion of inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and disorders of cornification will focus on evidence for epigenetic deregulation and failure in epidermal homeostasis, including stem cell exhaustion and signs of premature ageing. We reason that the epigenetic and metabolic component of epidermal homeostasis is significant and warrants close attention. Charting epigenetic and metabolic complexities also represents an important step in the development of future systemic interventions aimed at restoring epidermal homeostasis and ameliorating disease burden in severe skin conditions.
Structural and thermodynamic insights into the novel dinucleotide‐binding protein of ABC transporter unveils its moonlighting function
Authors: Chandravanshi Monika , Samanta Reshama , Kanaujia Shankar Prasad 
Published: February 2021

Substrate (or solute)‐binding proteins (SBPs) selectively bind the target ligands and deliver them to the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transport system for their translocation. Irrespective of the different types of ligands, SBPs are structurally conserved. A wealth of structural details of SBPs bound to different types of ligands and the physiological basis of their import are available; however, the uptake mechanism of nucleotides is still deficient. In this study, we elucidated the structural details of an SBP endogenously bound to a novel ligand, a derivative of uridylyl‐3′‐5′‐phospho‐guanosine (U3G); thus, we named it a U3G‐binding protein (U3GBP). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of U3G (and a dinucleotide) binding to the SBP of ABC transport system, and thus, U3GBP is classified as a first member of subcluster D‐I SBPs. Thermodynamic data also suggest that U3GBP can bind phospholipid precursor sn‐glycerophosphocholine (GPC) at a site other than the active site. Moreover, a combination of mutagenic and structural information reveals that the protein U3GBP follows the well‐known ‘Venus Fly‐trap’ mechanism for dinucleotide binding.DatabasesStructural data are available in RCSB Protein Data Bank under the accession number(s) 7C0F, 7C0K, 7C0L, 7C0O, 7C0R, 7C0S, 7C0T, 7C0U, 7C0V, 7C0W, 7C0X, 7C0Y, 7C0Z, 7C14, 7C15, 7C16, 7C19, and 7C1B.
Reduction in the potential distribution of bumble bees (Apidae:Bombus) in Mesoamerica under different climate change scenarios: Conservation implications
Authors: Martínez‐López Oscar , Koch Jonathan B. , Martínez‐Morales Miguel A. , Navarrete‐Gutiérrez Darío , Enríquez Eunice , Vandame Rémy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBumble bees are an ecologically and economically important group of pollinating insects worldwide. Global climate change is predicted to affect bumble bee ecology including habitat suitability and geographic distribution. Our study aims to estimate the impact of projected climate change on 18 Mesoamerican bumble bee species. We used ecological niche modeling (ENM) using current and future climate emissions scenarios (representative concentration pathway 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) and models (CCSM4, HadGEM2‐AO, and MIROC‐ESM‐CHEM). Regardless of the scenario and model applied, our results suggest that all bumble bee species are predicted to undergo a reduction in their potential distribution and habitat suitability due to projected climate change. ENMs based on low emission scenarios predict a distribution loss ranging from 7% to 67% depending on the species for the year 2050. Furthermore, we discovered that the reduction of bumble bee geographic range shape will be more evident at the margins of their distribution. The reduction of suitable habitat is predicted to be accompanied by a 100–500 m upslope change in altitude and 1–581 km shift away from the current geographic centroid of a species' distribution. On average, protected natural areas in Mesoamerica cover ~14% of each species' current potential distribution, and this proportion is predicted to increase to ~23% in the high emission climate change scenarios. Our models predict that climate change will reduce Mesoamerican bumble bee habitat suitability, especially for rare species, by reducing their potential distribution ranges and suitability. The small proportion of current and future potential distribution falling in protected natural areas suggests that such areas will likely have marginal contribution to bumble bee habitat conservation. Our results have the capacity to inform stakeholders in designing effective landscape management for bumble bees, which may include developing restoration plans for montane pine oak forests habitats and native flowering plants.
Understanding the structures of transnational youth im/mobility: A qualitative network analysis
Authors: Herz Andreas , Altissimo Alice 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSocial network research on migration and mobility suffers from two drawbacks. On the one hand, network studies are often confined to specific types of relationships (e.g. to persons, to organizations) and do not see relationships of different types as part of the same structure. On the other hand, qualitative network approaches are only just beginning to address supradyadic structures. Presenting our study on transnational youth mobility, we show how qualitative network analysis allows researchers to study how mobility is dynamically interrelated to social network structures consisting of different types of relationships. Taking the example of youth mobility in Europe, we apply qualitative structural analysis (QSA) to analyse relationships not only with others but also between others. The article presents a qualitative network approach for migration and mobility research and shows how im/mobility is structured by relationships with and between various entities.
A pain in the ear: Two case reports of nervus intermedius neuralgia and narrative review
Authors: Robblee Jennifer 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivePresent two cases of nervus intermedius neuralgia (NIN) in which patients described unilateral deep ear pain as their primary complaint and present a summary of NIN cases reported in the literature.BackgroundThe nervus intermedius is a tiny branch of the facial nerve that, with neuralgia, can present as a deep ear pain (NIN). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, (ICHD‐3) criteria for an NIN diagnosis include a unilateral deep ear pain with possible radiation that occurs in paroxysms with sharp pain and a tactile trigger.MethodsA PubMed search was conducted for NIN and geniculate neuralgia. Two patients recently diagnosed with NIN at a single clinic were selected for case reports to highlight the variability of symptom presentation.ResultsThe two cases reported here and the 127 cases reported in the literature show a wider range of presentations than included in the ICHD‐3 criteria, including variable pain radiation sometimes diagnosed as concurrent trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, or occipital neuralgia. Pain was reported as constant or paroxysmal, as well as dull, sharp, or neuralgiform with inconsistent presence of triggers. While ICHD‐3 does mention reported taste change, lacrimation, and salivation, the literature reports a much wider range of potential features associated with NIN. Optimal medical treatment is unclear given the predominance of surgical reporting of positive response to microvascular decompression, nerve sectioning, or other procedures. The two cases described here were successfully managed medically.ConclusionNIN can present as described in the ICHD‐3, but a more variable presentation may be possible. More studies are needed to clarify presentation, optimal medical treatment, and surgical indications for patients with NIN, especially when patients have no clear neurovascular conflict on neuroimaging.
Review – Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection 2020
Authors: O'Connor Anthony , Furuta Takahisa , Gisbert Javier P. , O'Morain Colm 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis review summarizes important studies regarding Helicobacter pylori therapy published from April 2019 to April 2020. The main themes that emerge involve studies assessing antibiotic resistance, and there is also growing momentum behind the utility of vonoprazan as an alternative to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and also bismuth‐based regimens as a first‐line regimen. Antibiotic resistance is rising wherever it is being assessed, and clarithromycin resistance in particular has reached a point where it may no longer be a viable therapy without previous testing in many regions of the world. The evidence for the efficacy of a bismuth‐based quadruple therapy as a first‐line therapy is now very clearly established, and there is substantial evidence that it is the best performing first‐line therapy. The utility of vonoprazan as an alternative to PPI therapy, especially in resistant and difficult‐to‐treat groups, has also been considered in great detail this year, and it may offer an opportunity in the near future to reduce the problem of antibiotic resistance.
Enigmatic inflammasomes
Authors: Triantafilou Kathy 
Published: February 2021

SummaryInflammasomes are generally thought of as large protein complexes that assemble in the cytosol in response to danger such as tissue damage or infection; once activated, they trigger production of inflammatory cytokines and drive cells towards a pro‐inflammatory death – termed pyroptosis. Inflammasome activation is a two‐step process; priming or Signal 1 (typically via Toll or other receptors that activate NF‐kB) induces transcription of pro‐forms of IL‐1β and IL‐18, while activation or Signal 2 (by many effectors, including a number of bacterial toxins that form pores in cell membranes) comprises activation of caspase‐1 in the inflammasome that in turn cleaves pro‐IL‐1β and pro‐IL‐18 and induces release of the active pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The most studied inflammasome is the NLRP3 inflammasome, but in addition to NLRP3, there are several lesser‐known or enigmatic inflammasomes whose functions seem to range from non‐canonical inflammasome activation, pathogen/damage, suppression or modulation of inflammation and even embryonic development. In this review series, which will be presented in two parts, we will focus on lesser‐known inflammasomes, such as NLRP6 (non‐canonical inflammasome activation), NLRP9 (restricting rotavirus infection in intestinal epithelial cells), NLRX1 (negative regulators of inflammation), NLRC5 (regulating antigen presentation) and NLRP7 (sensing of bacterial lipoproteins). Although the function of NLRP3 is understood, the functions of these lesser‐studied inflammasomes are largely unstudied. Given that after a decade of research, new inflammasome and new inflammasome activators are still being discovered indicates that there is a lot more that we need to find out in the NLR field. Only by understanding all of the members of the NLR family, will we be able to target them therapeutically in the future.
Maternal dynamic respiratory sinus arrhythmia during toddlers’ interactions with novelty
Authors: Kiel Elizabeth J. , Phelps Randi A. , Brooker Rebecca J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMaternal psychophysiological responses to toddlers’ distress to novelty may have important implications for parenting during early childhood that are relevant to children's eventual development of social withdrawal and anxiety. Likely, these responses depend on intrapersonal, interpersonal, and contextual factors. The current study investigated the time course of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) across two laboratory novelty episodes, one low threat and one moderate threat, in 120 mothers of 2‐year‐old toddlers. Growth models tested context differences in and correlates of dynamic patterns of RSA. Dynamic patterns differed between tasks and according to mothers’ perceptions of and distress about toddler shyness. Thus, changes in mothers’ RSA across toddlers’ interactions with novelty seem to depend on the context as well as how mothers perceive and respond to their toddlers’ shyness.
Using the health belief model to identify barriers to seasonal influenza vaccination among Australian adults in 2019
Authors: Trent Mallory J. , Salmon Daniel A. , MacIntyre C. Raina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEach year tens of thousands of Australians become ill with influenza, resulting in thousands of severe infections that require hospitalisation. However, only 40% of adults receive the annual influenza vaccine. We surveyed Australian adults to provide up to date, population‐specific data on the predictors and barriers of seasonal influenza vaccination.MethodsWe administered an online survey to a nationally representative sample of Australian adults. We designed survey questions using the theoretical constructs of the health belief model. Using simple and multivariable Poisson regression, we identified attitudes and beliefs associated with influenza vaccination in 2019.ResultsAmong 1,444 respondents, 51.7% self‐reported influenza vaccination in 2019. We estimated vaccine coverage to be 44% for adults under 45, 46% for adults aged 45 to 64 and 77% for adults aged 65 and over. The strongest individual predictors of self‐reported vaccination were believing the vaccine is effective at preventing influenza (APR = 3.71; 95% CI = 2.87‐4.80), followed by recalling their doctor recommending the vaccine (APR = 2.70; 95% CI = 2.31‐3.16). Common perceived barriers that predicted self‐reported vaccination included believing the vaccine could give you influenza (APR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.52‐0.67), believing the vaccine can make you ill afterwards (APR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.62‐0.74) and preferring to develop immunity “naturally” (APR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.32‐0.45).ConclusionAlthough vaccine uptake in 2019 appears to be higher than previous years, there are perceived barriers which may limit uptake among Australians. Tailored interventions are needed to combat widespread influenza vaccine hesitancy, particularly among high‐risk groups.
Enhanced interfacial electronic transfer of BiVO4 coupled with 2D g‐C3N4 for visible‐light photocatalytic performance
Authors: Xu Min , Zhu Yan , Yang Jingkai , Li Wei , Sun Chaoyang , Cui Yan , Liu Lu , Zhao Hongli , Liang Bo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA BiVO4/2D g‐C3N4 direct dual semiconductor photocatalytic system has been fabricated via electrostatic self‐assembly method of BiVO4 microparticle and g‐C3N4 nanosheet. According to experimental measurements and first‐principle calculations, the formation of built‐in electric field and the opposite band bending around the interface region in BiVO4/2D g‐C3N4 as well as the intimate contact between BiVO4 and 2D g‐C3N4 will lead to high separation efficiency of charge carriers. More importantly, the intensity of bulid‐in electric field is greatly enhanced due to the ultrathin nanosheet structure of 2D g‐C3N4. As a result, BiVO4/2D g‐C3N4 exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance with the 93.0% Rhodamine B (RhB) removal after 40 min visible light irradiation, and the photocatalytic reaction rate is about 22.7 and 10.3 times as high as that of BiVO4 and 2D g‐C3N4, respectively. In addition, BiVO4/2D g‐C3N4 also displays enhanced photocatalytic performance in the degradation of tetracycline (TC). It is expected that this work may provide insights into the understanding the significant role of built‐in electric field in heterostructure and fabricating highly efficient direct dual semiconductor systems.
Multilevel analysis of the educational use of technology: Quantity and versatility of digital technology usage in Finnish basic education schools
Authors: Kaarakainen Meri‐Tuulia , Saikkonen Loretta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe adoption of technology in teaching has been identified to relate to various factors from attitudes and self‐efficacy to subjective norms and digital references. The aim of this study is to broaden the perspective to hierarchical grouping effects. Multilevel modelling of the study utilizes the data of 2355 Finnish basic education teachers. The results show that, before the coronavirus pandemic, Finnish teachers used digital devices in teaching at least once a week, on average, and many times on a daily basis, varying according to the subject being taught. The variation in teachers' technology usage occurs mainly at the individual level, with a small proportion between schools; higher‐level hierarchies proved redundant in the context of Finland. At the teacher level, digital skills, age, and digital self‐efficacy increase technology usage in teaching. At the end, the significance and limitations of the research and the direction of future research in the post‐pandemic era are discussed.
A comparison of post‐stroke hypertension medication use between US Stroke Belt and Non‐Stroke Belt residents
Authors: Tran Phoebe , Tran Lam , Tran Liem 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough hypertension is a contributing factor to higher stroke occurrence in the Stroke Belt, little is known about post‐stroke hypertension medication use in Stroke Belt residents. Through the use of national Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys from 2015, 2017, and 2019; we compared unadjusted and adjusted estimates of post‐stroke hypertension medication use by Stroke Belt residence status. Similar levels of post‐stroke hypertension medication use were observed between Stroke Belt residents (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.33) and non‐Stroke Belt residents. After adjustment, Stroke Belt residents had 1.14 times the odds of post‐stroke hypertension medication use (95% CI: 0.92, 1.41) compared to non‐Stroke Belt residents. Findings from this study suggest that there is little difference between post‐stroke hypertension medication use between Stroke Belt and non‐Stroke Belt residents. However, further work is needed to assess whether use of other non‐medicinal methods of post‐stroke hypertension control differs by Stroke Belt residence status.
Beyond multimorbidity: What can we learn from complexity science?
Authors: Sturmberg Joachim P. , Getz Linn O. , Stange Kurt C. , Upshur Ross E.G. , Mercer Stewart W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMultimorbidity ‐ the occurrence of two or more long‐term conditions in an individual ‐ is a major global concern, placing a huge burden on healthcare systems, physicians, and patients. It challenges the current biomedical paradigm, in particular conventional evidence‐based medicine's dominant focus on single‐conditions. Patients' heterogeneous range of clinical presentations tend to escape characterization by traditional means of classification, and optimal management cannot be deduced from clinical practice guidelines. In this article, we argue that person‐focused care based in complexity science may be a transformational lens through which to view multimorbidity, to complement the specialism focus on each particular disease. The approach offers an integrated and coherent perspective on the person's living environment, relationships, somatic, emotional and cognitive experiences and physiological function. The underlying principles include non‐linearity, tipping points, emergence, importance of initial conditions, contextual factors and co‐evolution, and the presence of patterned outcomes. From a clinical perspective, complexity science has important implications at the theoretical, practice and policy levels. Three essential questions emerge: (1) What matters to patients? (2) How can we integrate, personalize and prioritize care for whole people, given the constraints of their socio‐ecological circumstances? (3) What needs to change at the practice and policy levels to deliver what matters to patients? These questions have no simple answers, but complexity science principles suggest a way to integrate understanding of biological, biographical and contextual factors, to guide an integrated approach to the care of people with multimorbidity.
The Withdrawal Assessment Tool to identify iatrogenic withdrawal symptoms in critically ill paediatric patients: ACOSMINsystematic review of measurement properties
Authors: Zaccagnini Marco , Ataman Rebecca , Nonoyama Mika Laura 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesThe Withdrawal Assessment Tool (WAT‐1) is one of the most widely used clinician‐reported outcome measures to evaluate iatrogenic withdrawal symptoms (IWS) in critically ill children. However, the WAT‐1's measurement properties have not been aggregated. Aggregating psychometric research on the WAT‐1 will enhance appropriate use, and outline gaps for future empirical research. The aim of this systematic review is to critically appraise, compare, and summarize the measurement properties and evidence quality, and describe the interpretability and feasibility of the WAT‐1 for identifying IWS symptoms in critically ill children.MethodsA systematic search of Medline, Embase and CINAHL was conducted from inception to 15 April 2020. Study inclusion/exclusion, data extraction, and measurement property evidence and the modified GRADE quality scoring were applied according to the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines.ResultsSix studies were included in the review. There was sufficient, high‐quality evidence for reliability, structural validity, criterion validity, measurement error, construct validity, and feasibility. More information is required to support the WAT‐1's content validity, responsiveness, internal consistency, cross‐cultural validity, and interpretability according to COSMIN guidelines.ConclusionThe results of this review indicate that the WAT‐1 is a precise, easy to use measure of IWS in critically ill children despite some measurement property inconsistencies and gaps in the publication record. More information is required to support its content validity, responsiveness, internal consistency, cross‐cultural validity, and interpretability.