bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrospun Starch Nanofibers as a Delivery Carrier for Carvacrol as Anti‐Glioma Agent
Authors: Fonseca Laura Martins , Bona Natalia Pontes , Crizel Rosane Lopes , Pedra Nathalia Stark , Stefanello Francieli Moro , Lim Loong‐Tak , Carreño Neftali Lenin Villarreal , Dias Alvaro Renato Guerra , Zavareze Elessandra da Rosa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhenolic compounds are prone to degradation from external deleterious conditions. Thus, a carrier for its delivery can be useful in protecting them and ensuring their optimal release profile. The objective of this study is to produce starch nanofibers as delivery carriers for carvacrol and to evaluate its in‐vitro digestion simulation and anti‐glioma activity. Nanofibers are produced by electrospinning of a starch solution where carvacrol is incorporated in various concentrations (20, 30, and 40% v/w; dry basis). The nanofibers are evaluated by in‐vitro digestion simulation and anti‐tumoral activity in C6 rat glioma cells and cytotoxicity in astrocytes. By measuring the residual amount of carvacrol after digestion, the starch nanofibers are shown to be a promising vehicle for the delivery of carvacrol by resisting in‐vitro digestion. The carvacrol‐loaded starch nanofibers result in up to 50% reduction in tumoral cells (C6 rat glioma cells). Free carvacrol elicits cytotoxicity in astrocytes after 72 h of treatment; interestingly the carvacrol‐loaded starch nanofibers are not toxic to this cell. In view of the demand for natural drugs in pharmaceutical applications, the nanofibers may be promising for cancer complementary treatment.
Mining text from natural scene and video images: A survey
Authors: Shivakumara Palaiahnakote , Alaei Alireza , Pal Umapada 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn computer terminology, mining is considered as extracting meaningful information or knowledge from a large amount of data/information using computers. The meaningful information can be extracted from normal text, and images obtained from different resources, such as natural scene images, video, and documents by deriving semantics from text and content of the images. Although there are many pieces of work on text/data mining and several survey/review papers are published in the literature, to the best of our knowledge there is no survey paper on mining textual information from the natural scene, video, and document images considering word spotting techniques. In this article, we, therefore, provide a comprehensive review of both the non‐spotting and spotting based mining techniques. The mining approaches are categorized as feature, learning and hybrid‐based methods to analyze the strengths and limitations of the models of each category. In addition, it also discusses the usefulness of the methods according to different situations and applications. Furthermore, based on the review of different mining approaches, this article identifies the limitations of the existing methods and suggests new applications and future directions to continue the research in multiple directions. We believe such a review article will be useful to the researchers to quickly become familiar with the state‐of‐the‐art information and progresses made toward mining textual information from natural scene and video images.This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Text Mining
American Woodcock Use of Managed Forest Wildlife Openings
Authors: Shartell Lindsey M. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTAmerican woodcock (Scolopax minor) were surveyed at managed forest wildlife openings in northern Minnesota to assess the importance of management frequency, opening size and configuration, vegetation, and surrounding habitat on woodcock use. Singing ground surveys conducted mid‐April through May 2016–2018 indicated that 69% of openings were used by peenting male woodcock during at least one year. Roosting ground surveys conducted June through August 2016 and 2018 indicated that 72% of openings were used by woodcock in at least one year. Predicted probability of detection was positively correlated with opening size in both singing and roosting ground surveys, although woodcock were observed across the full range of opening sizes ( = 0.78 ha, range = 0.19–2.59 ha). Years since management (1–4 years) was not an important driver of singing ground use, but openings managed more recently were more likely to have woodcock detected in roosting ground surveys. Woodcock were also more likely to be detected in roosting ground surveys at openings with shorter herbaceous vegetation ( = 0.73 m, range = 0.17–1.2 m). The proportion of woodcock habitat adjacent to openings was an important factor in determining singing ground use, with woodcock being more likely to be detected in openings with a higher proportion of surrounding habitat ( = 0.21, range = 0–1.0). At singing grounds, the surrounding habitat may be a more important consideration than the vegetation within openings. Wildlife managers interested in creating and maintaining singing and roosting habitat for woodcock in forest‐dominated areas should create large openings, locate openings in areas with abundant woodcock habitat (young deciduous forest ≤18 years old and lowland and upland shrubs), and use management (mowing) as needed to decrease vegetation height and prevent the establishment of shrubs and trees. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Kinematic numerators from the worldsheet: cubic trees from labelled trees
Authors: He Song , Hou Linghui , Tian Jintian , Zhang Yong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this note we revisit the problem of explicitly computing tree-level scattering amplitudes in various theories in any dimension from worldsheet formulas. The latter are known to produce cubic-tree expansion of tree amplitudes with kinematic numerators automatically satisfying Jacobi-identities, once any half-integrand on the worldsheet is reduced to logarithmic functions. We review a natural class of worldsheet functions called “Cayley functions”, which are in one-to-one correspondence with labelled trees, and natural expansions of known half-integrands onto them with coefficients that are particularly compact building blocks of kinematic numerators. We present a general formula expressing kinematic numerators of all cubic trees as linear combinations of coefficients of labelled trees, which satisfy Jacobi identities by construction and include the usual combinations in terms of master numerators as a special case. Our results provide an efficient algorithm, which is implemented in a Mathematica package, for computing all tree amplitudes in theories including non-linear sigma model, special Galileon, Yang-Mills-scalar, Einstein-Yang-Mills and Dirac-Born-Infeld.
Quality control in scRNA-Seq can discriminate pacemaker cells: the mtRNA bias
Authors: Galow Anne-Marie , Kussauer Sophie , Wolfien Markus , Brunner Ronald M. , Goldammer Tom , David Robert , Hoeflich Andreas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSingle-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides high-resolution insights into complex tissues. Cardiac tissue, however, poses a major challenge due to the delicate isolation process and the large size of mature cardiomyocytes. Regardless of the experimental technique, captured cells are often impaired and some capture sites may contain multiple or no cells at all. All this refers to “low quality” potentially leading to data misinterpretation. Common standard quality control parameters involve the number of detected genes, transcripts per cell, and the fraction of transcripts from mitochondrial genes. While cutoffs for transcripts and genes per cell are usually user-defined for each experiment or individually calculated, a fixed threshold of 5% mitochondrial transcripts is standard and often set as default in scRNA-seq software. However, this parameter is highly dependent on the tissue type. In the heart, mitochondrial transcripts comprise almost 30% of total mRNA due to high energy demands. Here, we demonstrate that a 5%-threshold not only causes an unacceptable exclusion of cardiomyocytes but also introduces a bias that particularly discriminates pacemaker cells. This effect is apparent for our in vitro generated induced-sinoatrial-bodies (iSABs; highly enriched physiologically functional pacemaker cells), and also evident in a public data set of cells isolated from embryonal murine sinoatrial node tissue (Goodyer William et al. in Circ Res 125:379–397, 2019). Taken together, we recommend omitting this filtering parameter for scRNA-seq in cardiovascular applications whenever possible.
Sterblichkeit der Lungenembolie in der DACH-Region
Authors: Hobohm Lukas , Sebastian Tim , Valerio Luca , Mahmoudpour Seyed Hamidreza , Vatsakis Georgios , Johner Fabian , Keller Karsten , Münzel Thomas , Kucher Nils , Konstantinides Stavros V. , Barco Stefano 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundKürzlich veröffentliche Studien zeigen eine steigende Inzidenz für die Lungenarterienembolie (LE) bei gleichzeitigem Rückgangs der LE-assoziierten Mortalität.Ziel der StudieDetaillierte Daten zur Mortalität der LE in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (DACH-Region) sind derzeit nicht vorhanden.Material und MethodenDatensätze wurden aus der Mortalitätsdatenbank der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) ausgewertet. Hierbei analysierten wir die Häufigkeit sowohl der akuten LE als auch der tiefen/oberflächlichen Venenthrombose als primärer Todesursache.ErgebnisseDemnach sank die jährliche altersstandardisierte Mortalität zwischen Januar 2000 und Dezember 2015 von 15,6 auf 7,8 Todesfälle pro 1000 Einwohner. Zwischen Januar 2012 und Dezember 2016 ereigneten sich in der DACH-Region (Bevölkerungsanzahl: 98.273.320 Menschen) durchschnittlich 9127 durch LE verursache Todesfälle pro Jahr. Interessanterweise ist LE–assoziierte Gesamtmortalität bei Frauen zwischen dem 15. und 55. Lebensjahr deutlich höher als bei gleichaltrigen Männern.SchlussfolgerungDer Rückgang der Mortalität durch die Erkrankung LE seit dem Jahr 2000 ist vermutlich durch eine verbesserte Patientenversorgung mit Einführung neuer Antikoagulanzien und durch den vermehrten Einsatz und diagnostischen Fortschritt bei den computertomographischen Untersuchungen erklärt. Festzuhalten ist, dass die LE eine wichtige Todesursache vor allem im höheren Alter darstellt. Außerdem ist der Anteil der Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter, die nach einer akuten LE sterben, mit 3,5 % hoch. Daher sind, trotz des medizinischen Fortschritts, weitere Anstrengungen für eine Verbesserung der Prävention, Diagnostik und Therapie, aber insbesondere auch des Krankheitsbewusstseins notwendig.
Patterns of care analysis for salivary gland cancer: a survey within the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) and recommendations for daily practice
Authors: von der Grün Jens , Rödel Claus , Semrau Sabine , Balermpas Panagiotis , Martin Daniel , Fietkau Rainer , Haderlein Marlen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Salivary gland cancer (SGC) is rare and a heterogeneous type of cancer. Prospective randomized trials are lacking. No guideline focusing on standard procedures of radiotherapy (RT) in the treatment of SGC exists. Therefore, we surveyed the members of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) to gain information about current therapeutic strategies of SGC.

Methods
An anonymous questionnaire was designed and made available on the online platform umfrageonline.com. The corresponding link was sent to all DEGRO members who provided their user data for contact purposes. Alternatively, a PDF printout version was sent. Frequency distributions of responses for each question were calculated. The data were also analyzed by type of institution.

Results
Sixty-seven responses were received, including answers from 21 university departments, 22 non-university institutions, and 24 radiation oncology practices. Six participants reported that their departments (practice: n = 5, non-university hospital: n = 1) did not treat SGC, and therefore the questionnaire was not completed. Concerning radiation techniques, target volume definition, and concomitant chemotherapy, treatment strategies varied greatly among the participants. Comparing university vs. non-university institutions, university hospitals treat significantly more patients with SGC per year and initiated more molecular pathological diagnostics.

Conclusion
SGC represents a major challenge for clinicians, as reflected by the inhomogeneous survey results regarding diagnostics, RT approaches, and systemic therapy. Future prospective, multicenter clinical trials are warranted to improve and homogenize treatment of SGC and to individualize treatment according to histologic subtypes and risk factors.
The use of astronomy VLBA campaign MOJAVE for geodesy
Authors: Krásná Hana , Petrov Leonid 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigated the suitability of the astronomical 15 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observing program MOJAVE-5 for estimation of geodetic parameters, such as station coordinates and Earth orientation parameters. We processed a concurrent dedicated VLBA geodesy program observed at 2.3 GHz and 8.6 GHz starting on September 2016 through July 2020 as reference dataset. We showed that the baseline length repeatability from MOJAVE-5 experiments is only a factor of 1.5 greater than from the dedicated geodetic dataset and still below 1 ppb. The wrms of the difference of estimated Earth orientation parameters with respect to the reference IERS C04 time series are a factor of 1.3 to 1.8 worse. We isolated three major differences between the datasets in terms of their possible impact on the geodetic results, i.e. the scheduling approach, treatment of the ionospheric delay, and selection of target radio sources. We showed that the major factor causing discrepancies in the estimated geodetic parameters is the different scheduling approach of the datasets. We conclude that systematic errors in MOJAVE-5 dataset are low enough for these data to be used as an excellent testbed for further investigations on the radio source structure effects in geodesy and astrometry.
Optical beam splitter, Mach–Zehnder interferometer and the delayed choice issue
Authors: von der Linde Dietrich 
Published: August 2021

AbstractJohn Wheeler's delayed choice thought experiment is often invoked in discussions of the wave-particle duality of quantum physics. Every so often interpretations are offered that do not restrict to straight physics. The key element of the 'Gedankenexperiment' is a Mach–Zehnder interferometer composed of two optical beam splitters. The quantum description of these devices and the treatment of delayed choice experiment in the framework of quantum optics are discussed here.
Boundaryless working hours and recovery in Germany
Authors: Vieten Laura , Wöhrmann Anne Marit , Michel Alexandra 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
Due to recent trends such as globalization and digitalization, more and more employees tend to have flexible working time arrangements, including boundaryless working hours. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of various aspects of boundaryless working hours (overtime, Sunday work, and extended work availability) with employees’ state of recovery. Besides, we examined the mediating and moderating role of recovery experiences (psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control) in these relationships.

Methods
We used data from 8586 employees (48% women; average age of 48 years) who took part in the 2017 BAuA-Working Time Survey, a representative study of the German working population. Regression analyses were conducted to test main effects as well as mediation and moderation.

Results
Overtime work, Sunday work, and extended work availability were negatively related to state of recovery. Psychological detachment mediated these relationships. Furthermore, we found that relaxation and control mediated the association between extended work availability and state of recovery. However, no relevant moderating effects were found.

Conclusions
Altogether, our findings indicate that various aspects of boundaryless working hours pose a risk to employees’ state of recovery and that especially psychological detachment is a potential mechanism in these relationships. In addition, the results suggest that a high level of recovery experiences cannot attenuate these negative relationships in leisure time. Therefore, employers and employees alike should try to avoid or minimize boundaryless working hours.
Paediatric Residents and Fellows Ethics (PERFEct) survey: perceptions of European trainees regarding ethical dilemmas
Authors: Boer M. C. den , Zanin A. , Latour J. M. , Brierley J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWith an increasingly complex healthcare environment, ethics is becoming a more critical part of medical education. We aimed to explore European paediatric trainees’ experiences of facing ethical dilemmas and their medical ethics education whilst assessing their perceptions of ethical dilemmas in current and future practice. The Young Sections of the European Academy of Paediatrics and European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care developed an explorative online survey covering demographics, ethical dilemmas faced and ethics training. The survey was made available in nine languages from November 2019 to January 2020 via newsletters and social media. Participants (n = 253) from 22 countries, predominantly female (82%) and residents (70%), with a median age of 29-years, completed the survey. The majority (58%) faced ethical dilemmas monthly or more frequently. Most ethics training was received by ethics lectures in medical school (81%) and on the job (60%). A disagreement between the healthcare team and patient/family was the most frequently faced moral dilemma (45%); the second was withholding/withdrawing life-prolonging measures (33%). The latter was considered the most challenging dilemma to resolve (50%). Respondents reported that ethical issues are not sufficiently addressed during their training and wished for more case-based teaching. Many have been personally affected by moral dilemmas, especially regarding withholding/withdrawing life-prolonging measures, and often felt inadequately supported.Conclusion: Paediatric trainees face many moral issues in daily practice and consider that training about managing current and future ethical dilemmas should be improved, such as by the provision of a core European paediatric ethics curriculum.

What is Known:• Paediatric services are becoming more complex with an increase in ethical dilemmas asking for rigorous training in ethics.• Ethics training is often lacking or covered poorly in both pre- and postgraduate medical education curricula.• Existing ethics training for European paediatric trainees is haphazard and lacks standardisation.

What is New:• The PaEdiatric Residents and Fellows Ethics (PERFEct) survey provides insight into the European paediatric trainees’ views regarding ethical dilemmas in their current and future practice.• European paediatric trainees report a lack of ethics training during paediatric residency and fellowship.• This study provides content suggestions for standardised medical ethics training for paediatric trainees in Europe.
Ramadan and gestational diabetes: maternal and neonatal outcomes
Authors: AlMogbel Turki Abdullah , Ross Glynis , Wu Ted , Molyneaux Lynda , Constantino Maria Ines , McGill Margaret , Harding Anna Jane , Pech Christine , Alrasheed Abdullah A. , Wong Jencia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aims
The impact of Ramadan exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) pregnancies is not known. We therefore aimed to assess the association of Ramadan with maternal and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with GDM.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of 345 Muslim women with singleton pregnancies who attended a major Sydney teaching hospital during the period 1989–2010, was undertaken. Exposure to Ramadan was stratified by the: (1) total pregnancy days exposed to Ramadan, (2) duration (hours) of daily fasting and (3) trimester of exposure. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were examined by exposure status, and never exposed pregnancies were comparator in all three analyses. Fasting status was not recorded.

Results
We found no significant effect of Ramadan exposure on mean birthweight, macrosomia and maternal outcomes. However, we found a significant trend for increased neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with increasing Ramadan days exposure and later trimester exposure (ptrend ≤ 0.02 for both), with adjusted OR 3.9 (p=0.03) for those with ≥ 21 days exposure to Ramadan and adjusted OR 4.3 (p=0.04) for third trimester exposure. Conversely longer Ramadan exposure and late trimester exposure were independently associated with a lower prevalence of neonatal hypoglycaemia (adjusted OR 0.4 and 0.3 for ≥ 21 days and third trimester exposure, respectively). Furthermore, neonatal hypoglycaemia decreased for the fasting period of > 15 h group (adjusted OR 0.2, p = 0.01).

Conclusions
Ramadan exposure is associated with reduced neonatal hypoglycaemia, with no effect on birthweight, implying more favourable glycaemic control. However, the fourfold excess of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia indicates a need for further study of Ramadan and GDM.
Surgical management of post-transplant bronchial stenoses: a single-center experience
Authors: Faccioli Eleonora , Dell’Amore Andrea , Ferrigno Pia , Schiavon Marco , Mammana Marco , Terzi Stefano , Rea Federico 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Bronchial stenoses are challenging complications after lung transplantation and are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. We report a series of patients who underwent bronchoplasty or sleeve resection for bronchial stenoses that did not resolve with endoscopic treatment after lung transplantation.

Methods
Between 1995 and 2020, 497 patients underwent lung transplantation at our Institution. 35 patients (7.0%) experienced bronchial stenoses with a median time from transplantation of 3 months. Endoscopic management was effective in 28 cases (5.6%) while 1 patient required re-transplantation. Six patients (1.2%) underwent bronchoplasty or sleeve resection.

Results
The procedures of the six patients who underwent bronchoplasty or sleeve resection were as follows: lower sleeve bilobectomy (n = 3), wedge bronchoplasty of the bronchus intermedius (n = 1), isolated sleeve resection of the bronchus intermedius (n = 1), and isolated sleeve resection of the bronchus intermedius (n = 1), associated with a middle lobectomy. All patients were discharged after a median time of 11 days. At a median of 12 months from surgery, two patients remain alive with a preserved pulmonary function. Four patients died after a median time of 56 months from bronchoplasty of causes that were not related to surgery.

Conclusions
Bronchial reconstructions are challenging procedures that can be performed in highly specialized centers. Despite this, they can be considered a good strategy to obtain a definitive resolution of stenosis after lung transplantation.
Synthesis and analytical characterization of all N–N-coupled, dimeric oxidation products of α-tocopheramine: hydrazo-, azo-, and azoxy-tocopherol
Authors: Patel Anjan , Rosenau Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTocopherols are a mixture of antioxidants which are commonly referred to as vitamin E. Tocopheramines differ from tocopherols by an amino function in lieu of the phenolic OH group. They are potent antioxidants which are used in biomedical scenarios as well as stabilizers for polymers against aging. While in aqueous media α-tocopheramine is mainly oxidized to α-tocopherylquinone and N-oxidized by-products, oxidation in apolar media or in polymeric matrices mainly leads to dimeric compounds of hitherto unknown structure. In the present study, we synthesized the whole array of N,N-dimerization product of α-tocopheramine, including the hydrazo, azo, and azoxy derivatives for the first time, and provided comprehensive analytical data as well as general protocols to access the compounds in straightforward syntheses. These results can now be used to identify the common oxidation by-products of α -tocopheramine in different reaction systems.Graphic abstract