bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of High-Sensitive CRP, RDW, PLR and NLR between Patients
with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Heart
Failure
Authors: Solooki Mehrdad , Mahjoob Mohammad Parsa , Mousavi-roknabadi Razieh Sadat , Sedaghat Meghdad , Rezaeisadrabadi Mohammad , Fazlzadeh Aylar , Absalan Abdorrahim 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic systemic inflammation,
which has similar signs and symptoms to chronic heart failure (CHF).

Objective:
To compare high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level and selected blood indices
in patients with COPD and CHF.

Methods:
This prospective cross-sectional study (July 2019-July 2020) was conducted on patients
aged 40-70 years old with a previous diagnosis of COPD, CHF, and cor pulmonale. They were divided
into four groups: 1) patients with COPD, who were hospitalized due to exacerbation of dyspnea,
2) patients with CHF without a history of COPD, 3) patients with CHF and history of COPD
(COPD+CHF), and finally 4) patients who had concomitant COPD and cor pulmonale condition.
Spirometry, echocardiography, and six-minute walking test were performed. The hsCRP level was
assessed at the beginning and end of hospital admission. Finally, RDW, neutrophil, lymphocyte,
platelet counts, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were
measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (α = 0.05).

Results:
In total, 140 patients were enrolled. The highest hsCRP level was observed in patients in
the COPD+CHF group, and the lowest level was found in patients with CHF. Overall, a significant
difference was observed in the hsCRP level at the beginning and the end of admission (P =0.0001).
HsCRP had a positive correlation with the duration of hospital stay and a negative correlation with
the results of the six-minute walking test. The lymphocyte counts and PLR had significant positive
correlations with the six-minute walking test (R =0.38, P =0.0001 vs. R =0.325, P =0.001, respectively),
and significant negative correlations with duration of hospital stay (R =-0.317, P =0.0001
vs. R =-0.380, P =0.001, respectively). At the admission, a significant difference in hsCRP was only
observed comparing the COPD and cor pulmonale groups (OR =1.097, P =0.002). There were
significant differences in the six-minute walking test comparing the COPD group with either of
CHF or COPD+CHF groups. Significant differences were noted in the hospital stay duration comparing
the COPD group with all other groups.
Maraviroc Oral Disintegration Tablet: Analytical Design of Experiments
(DoE) for Assessment and Comparison of In vitro Dissolution Profiles
Authors: Channabasavaish Jagadish Purale , Ramesh Akula , Jhawar Vinay , Das Proneel , Patil Prajakta , Mutalik Srinivas 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The bioavailability of a drug in a solid oral dose depends on its
release from the drug product and its balance in dissolution. Compared with a reference
drug, the newly developed formulation needs to establish bioequivalence by
comparing the dissolution profile.

Objective:
To compare dissolution profiles of a newly developed maraviroc oral disintegration
tablet and the reference Axentri® tablet. The current research was designed to establish and validate
an integral analytical consistency by Quality by Design (QbD) approach to quantify maraviroc
from dissolution samples using the RP-HPLC method.

Methods:
Maraviroc was formulated into an orally disintegrating tablet using a direct compression
technique at different concentrations of sodium starch glycolate as super disintegrants and
talc and magnesium stearate as glidants. The dissolution test in 0.1N HCl was performed according
to standard procedures to predict bioequivalence. The results of dissolution tests were
analyzed using the QbD Box Behnken Design multivariate RP-HPLC method.

Results:
The optimized formulation (F2) was selected as it showed 90% drug release in 5 min
and a disintegration time of 22 sec with dissolution profiles to the marketed reference to meet
the FDA requirements of f2 similarity factor statistics. The integrated analytical QbD method
was statistically analyzed by ANOVA, counter-plot, and 3D response surface plots, which
demonstrated that the model is statistically significant. The developed method was validated as
per ICH guidelines Q2 (R1).

Conclusion :
In conclusion, maraviroc oral disintegrating tablets have been well prepared, and
superior statement consistency is established by the implementation of the QbD analytical
method for orally disintegrating tablet excellence and adoption.
Dental Students and Faculty Perceptions of Teaching Methods: Traditional Classes, Online Virtual Classes, and Recorded Lectures
Authors: Alfallaj Hayam A. , Alkadhi Ruba M. , Alfuriji Samah N. , Alfadley Abdulmohsen A. , Aleksejūnienė Jolanta 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Rapid advancement in technology has provided alternatives to traditional classroom teaching. Such instructional methods have gained increasing importance during the COVID-19 pandemic when physical classroom attendance was not possible. The study evaluated faculty’s and students’ perceptions concerning the online virtual classes and recorded lectures as compared to traditional classes delivered at the College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences.

Materials and Methods:
Surveys were developed and distributed to 34 faculty members and 186 students. Perceptions about virtual classes, recorded lectures, physical attendance, the effectiveness of different teaching methods, and overall experience were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were presented using frequencies and percentages. The Chi-square test compared the students’ and the faculty members’ responses. The level of significance was set at α =0.05.

Results:
Thirty-one faculty members and 149 dental students participated, and the overall response rates were 91.2% and 80.1%, respectively. While there was a general agreement on the usefulness of making recorded lectures available, a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) was found between students’ and faculty members’ views on making classroom-lecture attendance optional (67.1% of students and 12.9% of the faculty agreed/strongly agreed). Statistically significant differences (p<0.001) were found between the students and faculty members concerning the effectiveness of recorded lectures and attending online virtual classes as an alternative to classroom attendance.

Conclusion:
Overall, students were more accepting of technology than faculty members as a substitute for traditional classroom teaching. For a more efficient and satisfactory learning experience, both teaching methods should be considered in a blended-learning module.
Bruise Damage Susceptibility and Fruit Quality Assessment of Pear
Authors: Pathare Pankaj B. , Al-Dairi Mai , Al-Mahdouri Adil 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Bruising is a type of mechanical damage that challenges fresh horticulture production efforts, which occurs mainly due to excessive compression and impact forces during postharvest operations resulting in quality deterioration of fresh produce and reduction in economic value.

Objective:
This study aims to assess the bruise susceptibility of imported pears and determine its effect on pear quality attributes.

Materials and Methods:
Each Pyrus communis, variety ‘D'Anjou’ imported pears was impacted by a known mass steel ball at three different drop heights (20, 40, and 60 cm). Bruised fruit was stored at 22°C with 45±5% RH and 10°C with 85±5% RH for 48 hours storage period. Pears were also subjected to different quality analyses like color, firmness, weight loss, and total soluble solids (TSS). The analysis was conducted by performing two factorial balanced analyses of variance (ANOVA).

Results:
Bruise area, bruise volume, and bruise susceptibility were the highest at higher drop impact (60 cm) on pears stored at 22°C and the lowest were at lower drop impact (20 cm) on pears stored at 10°C. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant impact of drop height and temperature on bruising susceptibility. Besides, statistics showed a significant impact of the studied factors (temperature and drop height) on quality parameters of pears such as lightness (L*), redness-greenness (a*), weight loss, and firmness after 48 hours of storage

Conclusion:
Mechanical damages like bruising can be affected by many factors like storage temperature and impact level force.
Finally, it was concluded that mechanical damages like bruising can be affected by many factors like storage temperature and impact force. Overall, this study can consider as a guideline for workers during postharvest operations and handling.
Pharmacological Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Kidney
Injury Induced by Radiotherapy: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical
Perspectives
Authors: Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal , Sahebnasagh Adeleh , Saghafi Fatemeh , Azimi Saeed , Salehifar Ebrahim 
Published: August 2021

:
More than half of cancer patients need radiotherapy during the course of their treatment.
Despite the beneficial aspects, the destructive effects of radiation beams on normal tissues lead to
oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell injury. Kidneys are affected during radiotherapy of abdominal
malignancies. Radiation nephropathy eventually leads to the release of factors triggering systemic
inflammation. Currently, there is no proven prophylactic or therapeutic intervention for the
management of radiation-induced nephropathy. This article reviews the biomarkers involved in the
pathophysiology of radiation-induced nephropathy and its underlying molecular mechanisms. The
efficacy of compounds with potential radioprotective properties on amelioration of inflammation
and oxidative stress is also discussed. By outlining the approaches for preventing and treating this
critical side effect, we evaluate the potential treatment of radiation-induced nephropathy. Available
preclinical and clinical studies on these compounds are also scrutinized.
Implications of Cannabis Legalization: A National and International Perspective
Authors: Petti Theodore A. , Chatlos John Calvin 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Issues related to the legalization of cannabis have
significantly increased over the past 25 years. Federal policy has become minimally
more flexible but essentially maintains marijuana’s dangerous drug status. Myriad
laws and regulations characterize the legal status of cannabis across the US and
internationally. Contradictory laws and regulations across states result from a lack
of coherent federal policy, thus leaving states to address public health, cannabis
industry and consumer pressures. Research prohibition has made public policy
development difficult and informed by inadequately supported, restricted science.

Objective 1:
Consider key issues related to cannabis legalization and distinctions
between gradients to access for medical purposes, decriminalization or adult
recreational use.

Objective 2:
To consider the status of cannabis legalization on a state and global basis.

Objective 3:
Consider implications of cannabis legalization and avenues for
mitigating harm.

Methods:
A review of the background to cannabis legalization intends to provide
insight into cannabis’ current legal status and options being considered for
advocacy and policy development. The three major classifications of legalized
marijuana are detailed; cannabidiol or hemp and synthetic cannabinoids are
considered separately.

Results:
The status of cannabis within the US and globally has often been
discordant with reality and science, and rigid with pressures to effect change. The
diversity of state and international laws is significant, even within the same
designation into one of the three major classes or cannabidiol.

Conclusion:
Science-based standardized federal and state laws and regulations to
meet the special needs of adolescents and emerging adults must be pursued.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Tax Management: The Moderating Effect of Beliefs about Corporate Tax Duty
Authors: Davis Ann Boyd , Moore Rebekah D. , Rupert Timothy J. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Limited empirical evidence exists regarding investor perceptions of tax management and whether investors consider paying taxes a social responsibility. To fill this gap, we use an experiment to explore investor perceptions about the corporate duty to pay or minimize taxes. We find that investors view paying taxes (rather than minimizing taxes) as socially responsible. We also measure participants' attitudes about the corporate duty to pay or minimize taxes and find that participants lean more toward a view that corporations have a duty to pay taxes. In a path analysis, we find that a firm's tax management and its performance in a non-tax area of CSR both influence investors' perceptions of managerial quality that ultimately impacts investors' willingness to invest. We also find that the investor's attitude about the corporate tax duty moderates the association between tax management and investor perceptions of the quality of managerial decision-making.
JEL Classifications: H25; H26; M14.
Intestinal Microbiocenosis Disorders Correction With Intestinal Lavage in Patients With Acute Poisoning
Authors: Matkevich V. A. , Potskhveriya M. M. , Simonova A. Yu. , Vasina T. A. , Petrikov S. S. 
Published: August 2021

Background. In acute poisoning, accompanied by a violation of microbiocenosis, the problem of its correction has not been studied enough.Aim of study. Evaluate the possibility of correcting violations of microbiocenosis using intestinal lavage in cases of poisoning with psychopharmacological preparations and cauterizing substances.Material and methods. 50 male (76.4%) and female (23.6%) patients aged 42 (36; 52) years with psychopharmacological drugs and cauterizing substances poisoning were examined, the composition of the fecal microflora was studied. A total of 100 studies of up to 10 species of microorganisms were conducted. In order to correct violations of the species composition of microbiocenosis, 30 patients underwent intestinal lavage. The comparison group included 20 patients who did not use intestinal lavage.Results. In patients with these poisonings, violations of the specific microbial composition of feces were detected. Intestinal lavage, in contrast to standard therapy, had a corrective effect on fecal microbiocenosis.Conclusion. With the help of intestinal lavage, it is possible to correct violations of microbiocenosis in acute poisoning in a short time.
Possibilities of Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients After Spinal Surgery
Authors: Fedorov S. A. , Medvedev A. P. , Kravets L. Ya. , Tselousova L. M. 
Published: August 2021

Aim of study. Comprehensive assessment of clinical and hemodynamic results of surgical treatment of high- and intermediate-high risk of pulmonary embolism in a group of patients who underwent spinal surgery.Materials and methods. The analysis of the results of open surgical treatment of pulmonary embolism in high- and intermediate-high-risk patients after neurosurgical operations on the spine in the period from 2013 through 2019. The study group included 5 patients. The average age of patients was 59.74±3.42 years. The Wells index was 9.2±2.4. The Pesi index of the studied patients was in the range of 100–126, which allowed them to be classified as a high-risk group of 30-day mortality (class IV). Clinical manifestations of pulmonary embolism developed on average by 5.8±1.08 days after the initial neurosurgical intervention. The calculated pressure in the pulmonary artery was 56.6±8.22 mm Hg. In all cases, surgical intervention was performed for emergency indications, in conditions of artificial blood circulation, without aortic compression during the main stage of the operation.Results. The 30-day survival rate of patients was 100%. Among non-lethal postoperative complications, acute cardiovascular failure and hepatic-renal failure prevailed, which were levelled by the time the patients were transferred to a cardiac hospital. In 1 patient, the early postoperative period was complicated by the development of exudative pericarditis with cardiac tamponade, which required a finger revision of the anterior mediastinum, its drainage for 2 days. In all cases, there was an improvement in the condition of patients, in the form of increased tolerance to physical activity. The estimated pressure in the pulmonary artery at the time of discharge was 24.69±8.03 mm Hg.Conclusions. Surgical treatment of acute pulmonary embolism of high- and intermediate-high risk of early death in a group of patients with a neurosurgical profile is a highly effective and reliable method with great prospects for application.
Application of the Technique of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Patient With Respiratory Distress Syndrome Associated With Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Kruglyakov N. M. , Levitova D. G. , Bagzhanov G. I. , Gubarev K. K. , Ochkin S. S. , Parinov O. V. , Petrikov S. S. , Popugaev K. A. , Samoilov A. S. 
Published: August 2021

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by pathologically rapid fatigue of striated muscles [1]. The main symptom of myasthenia gravis is the presence of pathological muscle weakness with involvement of the ocular, bulbar and skeletal muscles in the pathological process. The provoking factors for the development of myasthenia gravis can be infectious diseases, surgery, drugs [2, 3]. The main danger is represented by myasthenic and cholinergic crises, which are characterized by a severe course and high mortality; therefore, the problems of treating myasthenia gravis are still of high medical and social significance. The prevalence of myasthenia gravis is 17.5–20.3 per 100 thousand population, and the number of patients is increasing by 5–10% annually [4, 5]. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in morbidity with an increase in age over 50 years [6, 7]. Myasthenia gravis is a serious disease with a high mortality rate of up to 30–40% [3]. There are difficulties in the early differential diagnosis of muscle weakness in patients with respiratory failure between myasthenia gravis, myasthenic syndrome and critical illness polyneuropathy. These difficulties and insufficient awareness of patients and doctors of various specialties about myasthenia gravis can lead to the choice of the wrong treatment tactics and the development of myasthenic crisis, which is manifested by respiratory failure, requiring respiratory support. The progression of respiratory failure against the background of myasthenic crisis may require the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).It is necessary to expand the differential diagnosis of muscle weakness in a patient during the period of resolution of respiratory failure, allowing to move away from compulsory respiratory support, termination of ECMO.
Development of Spiritual IPA Module on Environtment Pollution Subject for Junior High School
Authors: Sartika Rahma , Lufri Lufri 
Published: August 2021

The purposes of this research are to produce valid and practice nuanced spiritual module about Environment Pollution for class VII SMP/MTs. This study uses three stages of plomp models. The subjects of this study were 29 students of class VII SMP Negeri 25 Padang and 2 teachers. The object of this research is spirituality module IPA on the material of Environment Pollution in validated human validator 3. The data of this research are primary data collected from validity and questionnaire of data practicality. The result of validity is 86,63% with valid criterion, practicality by teacher and student practical with 82,46% value by teacher and 88,69% by student. Key words: Spiritual module, Environment Pollution
Development of the Assessment Instrument Based on Scientific Literacy of the Motion of Living Things, Structure and Function of Plant Tissues for Class VIII SMP
Authors: Sari Annisa Duma 
Published: August 2021

Science as one of the subject in the 2013 curiculum demands the development of students’ scientific literacy. The measurement of scientific literacy of Indonesian students conducted by PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) is still relatively low. This can be caused by the process and the assessment instruments used today are dominated by low cognitive demands so that they have not been able to develop students’ high level order thingking. This research aims to develop assessment instruments based on scientific literacy of the motion of living things, structure and function of plant tissues for class VIII SMP. This development research using the Plomp model which consists of preliminary research phase, development or prototyping phase, and assessment phase. The subjects were 39 students of class IX SMP Negeri 8 Padang. The results showed that validity was logically stated to be very valid with an average 86.55% and valid according to empirical validity of 76.78%. Based on practicalities are very high with value of 88.75% from teachear and of 88.94% from students. The reability shows a very high category with 0.81 for multiple choice question and a moderate category of 0.59 for true-false questions. The level of difficulty is varies and has a good distinguishing. Based on this, it can be concluded that assessment instruments based on scientific literacy of the motion of living things, structure and function of plant tissues for class VIII SMP can be declared very valid, very practical, and reliability in the medium to very high categories. Keywords: scientific literacy, assessment
Analysis Of Critical Thinking Skill Level Of Students Smp Negeri 2 Padang about Environmental Pollution
Authors: Daniati Novia , Handayani Dezi , Yogica Relsas , Alberida Heffi 
Published: August 2021

Curriculum of 2013 requires students to be able to think critically. This critical thinking ability can be trained by using questions that have indicators of critical thinking, besides those questions must also have cognitive levels C4 (analyze), C5 (evaluate), and C6 (synthesize). Padang Public Middle School 2 has implemented 2013 Curriculum in learning, but students' critical thinking skills are unknown. This research is a descriptive research. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The subject of the study consisted of 48 students of class VII of SMP Negeri 2 Padang. The data obtained in this study was obtained through test techniques. The test used is a description test. The test instruments used will be validated and analyzed first. Analysis of this instrument includes the level of difficulty, differentiation and reliability. Test instruments were tested before being used. This study produces data that the level of critical thinking skills of seventh grade students in Padang State Middle School is still in non-critical qualifications with a percentage average value of 48.53%. Indicators with the highest average percentage to the lowest, namely; the inference indicator obtained a score of 69.96% with quite critical qualifications; the indicator gives a basic statement obtained a value of 60.62% with less critical qualifications; the indicator estimates that a value of 53.12% is obtained with non-critical qualifications; the indicator gives an advanced statement obtained a value of 44.39% with non-critical qualifications, and; basic indicators of decision making obtained a value of 14.58% with non-critical qualifications. Keywords: Critical Thinking, Environmental Pollution, Descriptif