bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uniform Nanowires Containing a Heterogeneousπ‐Conjugated Core of Controlled Length, Composition and Morphology
Authors: Nie Jiucheng , Tao Daliao , Huang Xiaoyu , Lu Guolin , Feng Chun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, it is demonstrated for the first time that heterojunction nanowires, consisting of a gradient and segmented‐like heterogeneous π‐conjugated core with controllable length, composition and morphology, can be generated by co‐self‐seeding of oligo(p‐phenylene vinylene) (OPV)‐ and oligo(p‐phenylene ethynylene) (OPE)‐containing block copolymers in spite of different chain lengths and molecular conformation for OPE and OPV. More importantly, based on the understanding of the formation of heterogeneous core by the co‐self‐seeding approach, a “heating/cooling” seeded growth route was developed, by which linear and branched heterojunction nanowires containing a segmented heterogeneous π‐conjugated core of controlled length, composition and morphology can be obtained. This work provides a versatile platform to generate heterojunction nanowires with excellent controllability in length, composition, and morphology.
Short‐DNA Specific Blocker PCR for Efficient and Simple Enrichment of Cell Free Fetal DNAs with Short Lengths
Authors: Liao Yangwei , Tang Xiaofeng , Ming Zhihao , Ren Lida , Zhang Wei , Xiao Xianjin 
Published: April 2021

Main observation and conclusionAs an innate characteristic, DNA length has attracted more and more attention. The length of some important biomarkers such as ctDNA (Circulating tumor DNA) and cffDNA (Cell free fetal DNA) is shorter than that of cell‐free DNA. Researchers have utilized the difference in length to increase the abundance of ctDNA or cffDNA in total cell‐free DNA to overcome the difficulties in detection due to their low abundance. They have developed short‐stranded DNA enrichment technology, which complemented the blind spots of the application range of typical enrichment technology based on DNA sequence differences. However, the existing short‐stranded DNA enrichment technology cannot possess high efficiency and simplicity simultaneously. Herein, we developed the SSB‐PCR (Short‐DNA Specific Blocker PCR) technology to enrich the short‐stranded DNA in an efficient and simple way. Through theoretical and experimental verification, it was proved that this method could increase the abundance of short‐stranded DNA by more than 10 times. Based on this, we have found an application scenario for this method in cffDNA enrichment. Further, a procedure was established to perform a reliable diagnosis of the genotype of cffDNA samples. We believe that this method has great potential to achieve accurate, fast, and cost‐effective non‐invasive prenatal testing.
A model for wave abrasion on underwater bedrock, with an application to rapidly downwearing tephra cones adjacent to Surtsey Island in Iceland
Authors: Sunamura Tsuguo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWave abrasion is a major erosional process shaping shallow‐water coastal bedrock morphologies. In spite of various erosion studies having been conducted on underwater bedrock features, modelling research for wave‐induced abrasion is limited. Based on an existing formula for bedrock abrasion by fluid flows, this study obtains a predictive equation for the rate of wave abrasion, which is given by a function of a shear stress of wave‐induced, oscillatory bottom flow and the resistivity of bedrock. A model is derived from this equation to describe temporal change in abrasion depth of subaqueous bedrock. The model is applied to rapidly abrading summits of two submarine tephra cones, Jólnir and Syrtlingur, both residing adjacent to the Surtsey volcanic island in Iceland. Nearly horizontal platforms develop as a result of abrasion. Jólnir is a site exposed to storm‐wave attack, while Syrtlingur is a sheltered site. The modelling based on design storm waves is found to well describe temporal change in erosion depth in the middle to late stage of the platform evolution at the two sites. The result of model calculations indicates that: (1) deep‐water wave energy of waves causing abrasion at Syrtlingur is 33% that of waves responsible for abrasion at Jólnir; (2) the efficacy of abrasion occurring at Syrtlingur is about four times higher than that at Jólnir; and (3) the wave base (i.e. the maximum water depth for bedrock erosion) is 51.5 m for Jólnir and 34.4 m for Syrtlingur.
Rodundwerk I, neuer Kraftabstieg – Konzeption und Ausführung
Authors: Innerhofer Guntram , Bickel Lukas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs a result of several feasibility studies from which sound economic and technical arguments emerged, the decision was made to construct a new headrace system for the Rodundwerk I consisting of a low pressure tunnel, a shallow pressure shaft parallel to the surface slope and a subsequent high‐pressure penstock gallery. The new distribution pipeline was designed as a concrete‐encased gravity abutment. Construction started at the beginning of May 2020 and since then excavation work has progressed according to plan. Particular attention had to be addressed to the impact of construction operations on the existing power plant structures. Hence, a detailed monitoring concept was established concerning the vibration transmission in the rock mass. Excavation works are carried out partly by tunnel boring machine, partly by drilling and blasting and, once the critical threshold of vibration has been reached, by alternative methods. By continuously adjusting the blasting parameters (charge amount, ignition timing), it was possible to minimise the detonation‐related effects in the vicinity of the existing structures.
Außergewöhnliche Aufgabenstellungen an die Injektionstechnik im Kraftwerksbau in exponierten Lagen
Authors: Kogler Kurt , Hechenbichler Johann 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPower station construction has always posed very complex problems for engineers. The dimensions of such construction works, their geographical location and the effects on people and nature reflect not only the great public interest but also show how extensive and challenging the design and construction of such construction works can be. Grouting technology is a reliable partner for waterproofing, consolidation and prestressing measures in power station construction and in such exposed locations, provides special solutions for the particular local conditions. The following article describes through selected examples grouting solutions for the refurbishment and new construction of hydropower facilities, concentrating on the implementation of specialised civil engineering measures on international power station projects.
The frontotemporal organization of the arcuate fasciculus and its relationship with speech perception in young and older amateur singers and non‐singers
Authors: Perron Maxime , Theaud Guillaume , Descoteaux Maxime , Tremblay Pascale 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ability to perceive speech in noise (SPiN) declines with age. Although the etiology of SPiN decline is not well understood, accumulating evidence suggests a role for the dorsal speech stream. While age‐related decline within the dorsal speech stream would negatively affect SPiN performance, experience‐induced neuroplastic changes within the dorsal speech stream could positively affect SPiN performance. Here, we investigated the relationship between SPiN performance and the structure of the arcuate fasciculus (AF), which forms the white matter scaffolding of the dorsal speech stream, in aging singers and non‐singers. Forty‐three non‐singers and 41 singers aged 20 to 87 years old completed a hearing evaluation and a magnetic resonance imaging session that included High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging. The groups were matched for sex, age, education, handedness, cognitive level, and musical instrument experience. A subgroup of participants completed syllable discrimination in the noise task. The AF was divided into 10 segments to explore potential local specializations for SPiN. The results show that, in carefully matched groups of singers and non‐singers (a) myelin and/or axonal membrane deterioration within the bilateral frontotemporal AF segments are associated with SPiN difficulties in aging singers and non‐singers; (b) the structure of the AF is different in singers and non‐singers; (c) these differences are not associated with a benefit on SPiN performance for singers. This study clarifies the etiology of SPiN difficulties by supporting the hypothesis for the role of aging of the dorsal speech stream.
Circulating hybrid cells predict presence of occult nodal metastases in oral cavity carcinoma
Authors: Henn Tara E. , Anderson Ashley N. , Hollett Yvette R. , Sutton Thomas L. , Walker Brett S. , Swain John R. , Sauer David A. , Clayburgh Daniel R. , Wong Melissa H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLevels of circulating hybrid cells (CHCs), a newly identified circulating tumor cell (CTC), correlate with disease stage and progression in cancer. We investigated their utility to risk‐stratify patients with clinically N0 (cN0) oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC), and to identify patients with occult cervical lymph node metastases (pN+).MethodsWe analyzed peripheral blood samples for CHCs with co‐expression of cytokeratin (tumor) and CD45 (leukocyte) from 22 patients with cN0 OCSCC using immunofluorescence microscopy, then correlated levels with pathologic lymph node status.ResultsCHC levels exceeded CTCs and correlated with the presence of both clinically overt (p = 0.002) and occult nodal metastases (p = 0.006).ConclusionsFor evaluated cN0 OCSCC patients, those with cN0 → pN+ status harbored elevated CHC levels compared to patients without occult disease. Our findings highlight a promising blood‐based biologic assay with potential utility to determine the necessity of surgical neck dissection for staging and treatment.
Effects of multislip and distinct heat source on MHD Carreau nanofluid flow past an elongating cylinder using the statistical method
Authors: Sabu Alappat Sunny , Areekara Sujesh , Mathew Alphonsa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on studying the impact of multiple slip effects on the hydromagnetic Carreau nanofluid flow over an elongating cylinder considering a linear heat source and exponential space‐based heat source. Suitable transformations are used in converting the highly nonlinear system of partial differential equations governing the flow into a system of ordinary differential equations and hence resolved using the Runge–Kutta method of order four coupled with the shooting method. BVP5C and RKF45 are used to compare the numerical accuracy and an excellent agreement is noted. The parallel effect of parameters on Nusselt number is studied using surface plots and the corresponding effects are scrutinized using multiple linear regression. It is observed that the linear heat source parameter, thermal slip parameter and exponential space‐based heat source parameter demote the heat transfer rate. The consequence of different parameters on drag coefficient and mass transfer are quantified using a linear regression slope.
The association of infant temperament and maternal sensitivity in preterm and full‐term infants
Authors: Vaccaro Suzanne M. , Tofighi Davood , Moss Natalia , Rieger Rebecca , Lowe Jean R. , Phillips John , Erickson Sarah J. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTInfants who experience sensitive caregiving are at lower risk for numerous adverse outcomes. This is especially true for infants born preterm, leading them to be more susceptible to risks associated with poorer quality caregiving. Some research suggests that preterm and full‐term infants differ on temperament, which may contribute to these findings. This study aimed to investigate associations between infant temperament (negative emotionality, positive affectivity/surgency, and orienting/regulatory capacity) and maternal sensitivity among infants born preterm (M = 30.2 weeks) and full term. It was hypothesized that mothers of infants born preterm and mothers of infants with more difficult temperaments would display lower sensitivity, indicated by lower responsiveness to nondistress, lower positive regard, and higher intrusiveness. Videotaped play interactions and a measure of temperament (Infant Behavior Questionnaire) were coded for 18 preterm and 44 full‐term infants at 9 months (corrected) age. Results suggest that mothers of preterm and full‐term infants differed significantly in responding to their infants, but these results cannot be explained by infant temperament. Preterm status and sociodemographic risk emerged as correlates of maternal behavior, such that mothers of infants born preterm and mothers with greater sociodemographic risk displayed lower levels of maternal sensitivity.
Update on feline toxoplasmosis
Authors: Caney Sarah 
Published: April 2021

Background: Toxoplasmosis is the clinical disease caused by infection with the obligate intracellular coccidian parasiteToxoplasma gondii. T gondiiis present throughout the world and can affect most mammals. Infection is common, although disease caused byT gondiiis rare. Up to 50 per cent of all cats are believed to have been infected with this organism at some point in their life, although the prevalence of infection varies according to the cat's lifestyle and geographical location (Lappin 2010, Dubey and Lappin 2012, Hartmann 2015). Clinical disease often involves the CNS, muscles, eyes and respiratory system and can be fatal in some cases. Diagnosis can be challenging, but many cats respond rapidly and very successfully with appropriate antimicrobial treatment.Aim of the article: This article provides an update of the diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis in cats.
Voluntary disclosure volume: Evidence from acquiring firm's press releases during M&A
Authors: Wang Jing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study examines the determinants and effects of firms’ merger and acquisition voluntary disclosure. It focuses on the press releases disclosed by acquiring firms during the transaction period. The findings suggest that management provides more news updates for stock financed transactions compared to those without stock finance. Larger deals with more economic significance tend to disclose more news during the transaction period. The news update volume during the transaction period is positively related to the stock performance at resolution. The news update does not hype the stock price and is not associated with the acquiring firm's long‐term market performance.
The quest to develop an effective therapy for neuroblastoma
Authors: Bhoopathi Praveen , Mannangatti Padmanabhan , Emdad Luni , Das Swadesh K. , Fisher Paul B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is a common solid extracranial tumor developing in pediatric populations. NB can spontaneously regress or grow and metastasize displaying resistance to therapy. This tumor is derived from primitive cells, mainly those of the neural crest, in the sympathetic nervous system and usually develops in the adrenal medulla and paraspinal ganglia. Our understanding of the molecular characteristics of human NBs continues to advance documenting abnormalities at the genome, epigenome, and transcriptome levels. The high‐risk tumors have MYCN oncogene amplification, and the MYCN transcriptional regulator encoded by the MYCN oncogene is highly expressed in the neural crest. Studies on the biology of NB has enabled a more precise risk stratification strategy and a concomitant reduction in the required treatment in an expanding number of cases worldwide. However, newer treatment strategies are mandated to improve outcomes in pediatric patients who are at high‐risk and display relapse. To improve outcomes and survival rates in such high‐risk patients, it is necessary to use a multicomponent therapeutic approach. Accuracy in clinical staging of the disease and assessment of the associated risks based on biological, clinical, surgical, and pathological criteria are of paramount importance for prognosis and to effectively plan therapeutic approaches. This review discusses the staging of NB and the biological and genetic features of the disease and several current therapies including targeted delivery of chemotherapy, novel radiation therapy, and immunotherapy for NB.
What initiates evidence‐based reasoning?: Situations that prompt students to support their design ideas and decisions
Authors: Siverling Emilie A. , Moore Tamara J. , Suazo‐Flores Elizabeth , Mathis Corey A. , Guzey S. Selcen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs engineering becomes increasingly incorporated into precollege classrooms, it is important to explore students' ability to engage in engineering practices. One of these practices, engaging in argument from evidence, has been well studied in science education. However, it has not yet been fully explored in engineering education.PurposeThis study aims to identify the classroom situations that prompt students to justify their engineering design ideas and decisions. The following research question guided the study: What initiates the need for fifth‐ to eighth‐grade students to use evidence‐based reasoning (EBR) while they are generating solutions to engineering design problems in engineering design‐based science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) integration units?MethodsWithin the naturalistic inquiry methodology, we analyzed student team audio recordings from the implementation of seven different engineering design‐based STEM integration curricula across three school districts to identify instances of EBR and categorize the situations that led to them.ResultsThis analysis produced seven categories of situations that prompted students to use EBR. Two of these categories, responding to adult and documenting, were teacher‐prompted; students frequently justified their design ideas and decisions when talking with adults or responding to prompts on worksheets. The other five categories were student‐directed: negotiating, correcting, validating, clarifying with team, and sharing. These categories occurred without direct prompts from adults or documents.ConclusionsThis study offers implications for teachers and curriculum developers about how to explicitly integrate scaffolds for EBR into design‐based curricula as well as what situations teachers can look for to observe student‐directed use of EBR.
Molecular characterization of HTLV‐1 genomic region hbz from patients with different clinical conditions
Authors: Cucco Marina Silveira , de Moraes Laise Eduarda Paixão , de Oliveira Andrade Felipe , Khouri Ricardo , Galvão‐Castro Bernardo , Araujo Thessika Hialla Almeida , de Almeida Rego Filipe Ferreira , Gois Luana Leandro , Barreto Fernanda Khouri , Santos Luciane Amorim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) is associated with severe pathologies, such as HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma (ATLL), and infective dermatitis associated with the HTLV‐1 (IDH). Interestingly, HTLV‐1 infection does not necessarily imply the development of pathological processes and it is unknown why some patients remain asymptomatic carriers (AC). Despite some mutations in the HTLV‐1 genome appear to influence the outcome of HTLV‐1, there are few studies that characterize molecularly the hbz region. This study aimed to perform the molecular characterization of hbz gene isolated from patients with different clinical outcomes. A total of 15 sequences were generated and analyzed with 571 sequences previously published. The analises showed that the R119Q mutation seems to be related to HTLV‐1 clinical conditions since the frequency of this HBZ mutation is significantly different in comparison between AC with HAM/TSP and ATLL. The R119Q mutation is possibly a protective factor as the frequency is higher in AC sequences.
Bacterial endophytes: Molecular interactions with their hosts
Authors: Dudeja Surjit S. , Suneja‐Madan Pooja , Paul Minakshi , Maheswari Rajat , Kothe Erika 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPlant growth promotion has been found associated with plants on the surface (epiphytic), inside (endophytic), or close to the plant roots (rhizospheric). Endophytic bacteria mainly have been researched for their beneficial activities in terms of nutrient availability, plant growth hormones, and control of soil‐borne and systemic pathogens. Molecular communications leading to these interactions between plants and endophytic bacteria are now being unrevealed using multidisciplinary approaches with advanced techniques such as metagenomics, metaproteomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteogenomic, microRNAs, microarray, chips as well as the comparison of complete genome sequences. More than 400 genes in both the genomes of host plant and bacterial endophyte are up‐ or downregulated for the establishment of endophytism and plant growth‐promoting activity. The involvement of more than 20 genes for endophytism, about 50 genes for direct plant growth promotion, about 25 genes for biocontrol activity, and about 10 genes for mitigation of different stresses has been identified in various bacterial endophytes. This review summarizes the progress that has been made in recent years by these modern techniques and approaches.
Excitation Mechanisms of Whispering Gallery Modes with Direct Light Scattering
Authors: Zambrana‐Puyalto Xavier , D'Ambrosio Davide , Gagliardi Gianluca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn optics, whispering gallery modes (WGMs) are modes of light that arise in cylindrically symmetric structures. Their intensity profile is strongly confined around the interface of the structure, and their Q‐factors are some of the highest ever measured with light. Here, the physical mechanisms governing the coupling of a tangential beam into a WGM of a microsphere are analytically demonstrated. For that, Mie theory and the symmetries of light are made use of. It is demonstrated that the coupling mechanism is not related to any evanescent tunnelling effect. Rather, it is shown that it has to do with the angular momentum matching between the available inner WGMs of the sphere and the angular momentum content of the incident beam. The model is valid for any homogeneous sphere, for any wavelength, and for any incident cylindrically symmetric beam, focused or not. It quantitatively predicts the optical coupling efficiency to the resonator for any tangential position of the incident beam. And it sketches four different regimes of interaction depending on the beam position with respect to the sphere, properly matching experimental resonance spectra observed with free‐space laser scattering.