bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Empowering Our People”: Impact of a Culturally Adapted Evidence-Based Intervention on Sexually Transmitted Infection Risks Among Native Americans With Binge Substance Use
Authors: Tingey Lauren , Chambers Rachel , Littlepage Shea , Lee Angelita , Slimp Anna , Melgar Laura , Cwik Mary , Gaydos Charlotte , Rompalo Anne , Rosenstock Summer 
Published: March 2021

Background
The objective of this study was to evaluate a culturally adapted evidence-based intervention called EMPWR (Educate, Motivate, Protect, Wellness and Respect) for impacts on sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening and sexual health risk behaviors.

Methods
We enrolled Native American adults with recent binge substance use from a rural, reservation community in the Southwest into a 1:1 randomized controlled trial conducted on July 2015 to June 2019. All participants were offered non–clinic-based self-administered STI screening. Data were collected via self-report at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. Baseline and end line data are presented.

Results
Three hundred one participants were enrolled and had a mean age of 33.8 years; 46.5% of the sample were female, and 9.1% were employed at baseline. EMPWR participants were more likely to complete STI self-screening than control participants (38.2% vs. 23.8%, P = 0.0275). EMPWR participants reported fewer unprotected sex acts in the past 3 months (9.3 vs. 16.0, P = 0.001) and were more likely to refuse sex if their partner was not tested (23.6% vs. 12.4%, P = 0.049). The between-group difference in STI positivity 1 year after study completion was nearing statistical significance (intervention: 39.5% vs. control: 59.6%, P = 0.0575).

Conclusions
The culturally adapted evidence-based intervention, EMPWR, increased uptake of STI screening and refusal of sex if partner was not STI tested and decreased the frequency of unprotected sex acts among Native American adults with recent binge substance use living on a rural reservation. Future research is needed to examine EMPWR impacts among other Native American subgroups and its potential for advancing sexual health equity in this high-priority population.
Return of Positive Test Results to Participants in Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevalence Studies: Research Ethics and Responsibilities
Authors: Grubbs Joshua C. , Millum Joseph , Rietmeijer Cornelis A. , Kilmarx Peter H. 
Published: March 2021

Background
In prevalence studies of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), investigators often provide syndromic management for symptomatic participants but may not provide specific treatment for asymptomatic individuals with positive laboratory test results because of the delays between sample collection and availability of results as well as logistical constraints in recontacting study participants.

Methods
To characterize the extent of this issue, 80 prevalence studies from the World Health Organization's Report on Global Sexually Transmitted Infection Surveillance, 2018, were reviewed. Studies were classified as to whether clinically relevant positive results were returned or if this was not specified.

Results
More than half (56%) of the cited studies did not specify if participants were notified of clinically relevant positive STI test results. The percentages were similar for low- and middle-income country populations (57%) and high-income country populations (53%).

Conclusions
The absence of documentation of the provision of test results raises the possibility that in some instances, results may not have been communicated, with potential negative effects for participants, their sexual partners, and newborns. From an ethical perspective, clinically relevant results should be returned to study participants and treating clinicians in a timely fashion to ensure appropriate management of identified infections. Study authors should document if they returned test results to study participants and report on numbers lost to follow-up.
Milk Phospholipid Profiling Among Japanese Women with Differing Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels
Authors: Ueno Hiroshi M. , MacKenzie Andrew , Scott Dawn , Higurashi Satoshi , Toba Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Toshiya 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
To characterize the milk phospholipids (PLs) profile using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) and to investigate the effect of elevated milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels on PLs profiles in Japanese mothers.

Methods:
Milk samples from eligible patients with high and low DHA from a former cross-sectional study (n = 20; n = 10 for each group) were included. Fifteen milk PLs were analyzed using 31P-NMR, and the profiles were compared group-wise using Mann–Whitney U-test. The P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The median DHA content in milk was 1.13% and 0.29% for the high and low milk DHA groups, respectively. Twelve PLs, excluding lysophosphatidylserine, cardiolipin, and phosphatidylglycerol, were detected in all participants with 100% positive results. The median concentrations and proportions of total PLs, sphingophospholipids, and glycerophospholipids were comparable between groups. The proportions of choline-containing glycerophospholipid were significantly higher in the high milk DHA group than that in the low milk DHA group (24.09% [median, interquartile range: 23.08%–26.38%] and 21.41% [20.74%–22.84%], P = 0.019). Although the proportions of phosphatidylinositol were significantly lower in the high milk DHA group than that in the low milk DHA group (6.62% [5.75%–6.72%] versus 7.63% [7.11%–8.16%], P = 0.002), while that of phosphatidylcholine (21.90% [18.51%–23.22%] versus 19.78% [18.17%–20.26%], P = 0.059) and alkyl-acyl phosphatidylcholine (0.60% [0.40%–0.74%] versus 0.33% [0.14%–0.51%], P = 0.059) were higher in the former than that in the latter.

Conclusions:
Our results were comparable to that of the previous literature. Large variations in the milk DHA might affect the composition of choline-containing glycerophospholipids in Japanese mothers. However, possible confounders were not excluded in the study populations.
A Low-FODMAP Diet in the Management of Children With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders: A Protocol of a Systematic Review
Authors: Stróżyk Agata , Horvath Andrea , Szajewska Hania 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
The available interventions for the management of children with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) are limited. A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) is widely used in adults and children with FAPD, despite limited available evidence. We aim to systematically review evidence on the efficacy and safety of using a low-FODMAP diet for the management of children with FAPD.

Methods:
The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases will be searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare the use a low-FODMAP diet (preferably a 3-step low-FODMAP diet but also only a strict low-FODMAP diet or restriction of individual FODMAPs) with any comparator (i.e., standardized [i.e., average national] or other diet or no intervention) in children with FAPD (regardless of the definition). Each FAPD and each low-FODMAP diet or individual FODMAP restriction will be assessed separately. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias will be used. The primary outcome will be the abdominal pain intensity. The secondary outcomes will be abdominal pain frequency, stool consistency, other gastrointestinal symptoms, school performance, and psychological functioning associated with FAPD, parent’s work absenteeism associated with FAPD of a child, health-related quality of life, compliance, growth, and adverse events. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and submitted to relevant conferences.

Conclusion:
This systematic review of rigorous methodological design will update current evidence on the efficacy and safety of using a low-FODMAP diet. However, it may be limited by the quality of the included studies.
Unusual Presentation of Herpes Zoster Infection Mimicking Soft Tissue Metastases of Breast Cancer on 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Soydas Turan Basak , Bozkurt M. Fani 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Herpes zoster infection caused by reactivation of dormant varicella zoster virus results in painful vesicular rash in corresponding dermatome. We report a case of a 56-year-old woman with breast cancer who was referred to PET/CT scan for adjuvant chemotherapy response assessment. Her scan showed multiple FDG-avid skin lesions. Blinded to the patient’s clinical information, these skin lesions initially looked suspicious for soft tissue metastases. However, the patient history revealed that she had been experiencing herpes zoster infection during the scan, and these lesions with FDG uptake were eventually confirmed to be caused by herpes zoster infection by physical examination.
Elevated 99mTcO4 − Activity in Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Ming Hui , Chen Yuanhao , Yu Hui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A 73-year-old man experienced chest tightness and shortness of breath for 9 months. Chest CT revealed a large right upper lobe mass. Pathology from CT-guided biopsy demonstrated poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung. Whole-body bone scan was acquired to evaluate possible bone metastasis. However, he was injected with 99mTcO4
− erroneously instead of 99mTc-MDP. The images showed a focus of elevated activity of 99mTcO4
− in the known lung lesion.
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Radiation Myositis on 18F-FDG PET/CT Following Hypofractionated Radiotherapy of Intramuscular Melanoma Metastases
Authors: Spaas Mathieu , Van den Broeck Bliede , Creytens David , Kruse Vibeke , Ost Piet 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Radiation myositis is an infrequent late adverse effect of radiotherapy (RT), more commonly seen after hypofractionated regimens. We present the case of a 52-year-old woman with oligorecurrent metastatic melanoma who, several months after receiving local hypofractionated RT, developed a painful swelling at the irradiated site. As an integral part of routine oncologic follow-up, 18F-FDG PET/CT allowed accurate visualization of the affected region and when matched with RT treatment plans clearly illustrated their apparent overlap. This case demonstrates the utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the early detection and monitoring of radiation myositis and highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in melanoma care.
18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in the Evaluation of Ground-Glass Opacity Nodule
Authors: Chen Haojun , Pang Yizhen , Meng Tinghua , Yu Xiuyi , Sun Long 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A 50-year-old woman with a newly detected pulmonary ground-glass opacity (GGO) nodule underwent PET/CT to determine the likelihood of malignancy. This patient was enrolled in the prospective study (NCT04588064) to determine the effectiveness of 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT for characterization of the GGO nodule. On PET/CT images, minimal 18F-FDG uptake but intense 68Ga-FAPI uptake was observed in this GGO nodule. This patient subsequently underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, and postoperative pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of invasive adenocarcinoma. This case presented an example where 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed higher tracer uptake than 18F-FDG in the malignant GGO nodule.
Use of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT for Evaluation of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Before and After Cytoreductive Surgery
Authors: Zhao Liang , Pang Yizhen , Wei Jihong , Hao Bing , Chen Haojun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A 55-year-old woman underwent 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT for tumor detection and staging under the prospective study NCT04416165. Both scans showed a mass lesion with increased tracer uptake in the pancreas. Moreover, 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed a greater number of abnormal foci in the mesentery and omentum than that shown with 18F-FDG. These abnormal foci were suspected to be metastases from pancreatic cancer. The patient subsequently underwent a cytoreductive surgery, and postoperative histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of acinar cell carcinoma of pancreas. Follow-up 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT (3 months after surgery) showed an excellent response with decreasing 68Ga-FAPI activity in the whole abdomen.
Unexpected 99mTcO4 − Uptake by Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Knappe Luisa , Muoio Barbara , Migliora Paola , Paone Gaetano , Giovanella Luca 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A 76-year-old woman underwent 99mTcO4
− thyroid scintigraphy to clarify thyrotoxicosis. In addition to suppressed thyroid uptake, an atypical tracer accumulation appeared on already know pulmonary adenocarcinoma in the left lung upper lobe. Surgical pathology was reviewed confirming the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma with focal mucins production and excluding a misdiagnosed differentiated thyroid carcinoma metastasis.
How Clean Are You Really? A Simulation Study of Droplet Splash Using an Acrylic Box During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Lumlertgul Suthaporn , Inboriboon Pholaphat Charles 
Published: March 2021

Summary Statement
In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, protocols to reduce risk of exposure to healthcare teams have been implemented. The use of an acrylic box during intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation has been adopted worldwide. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of an acrylic box in limiting contamination. The findings indicate that healthcare workers are still vulnerable to exposure despite the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and an acrylic box. The causes of contamination were related to improper PPE donning and doffing and incomplete coverage by the acrylic box. Institutions should focus on ensuring proper donning and doffing of PPE and incorporating high-fidelity simulation training to prepare teams to resuscitate COVID-19 patients.
Using a Systems-Focused Simulation to Rapidly Prepare for Large Volume COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Stone Kimberly , Enriquez Brianna , Keilman Ashley , German Kylene , Straight Ami , Demmert Karen Rancich , York Tammy , Reid Jennifer 
Published: March 2021

Summary Statement
The goal of vaccinating large numbers of staff and nonstaff against COVID-19 with a novel vaccine necessitated rapid modifications to an existing workforce vaccination program. We performed a series of 3 iterative systems-focused simulations and debriefings in the span of 1 week to evaluate existing vaccination clinic space, trial a new physical space for the COVID-19 vaccine clinic, identify existing process gaps, and determine necessary changes for maximum efficiency and safety. By using iterative systems-focused simulations, we were able to perform a gap analysis on the existing program, develop and stabilize new processes, and focus on emergency preparedness.
Factors preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission during unintentional exposure in a GP practice: a cohort study of patient contacts; Germany, 2020
Authors: Boender T. Sonia , Bender Jennifer K. , Krüger Angelika , Michaelis Kai , Buchholz Udo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwo general practitioners (GPs) a with SARS-CoV-2 infection provided in-person patient care to patients of their joint medical practice before and after symptom onset, up until SARS-CoV-2 laboratory confirmation. In a retrospective cohort study of patient contacts, we assessed the risk (frequency and determinants) of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from the GPs to their patients. Our findings support the use of facemasks for GPs, and short consultation time, to minimize the risk of transmission.SummaryTwo general practitioners (GPs) with SARS-CoV-2 infection provided in-person patient care to patients of their joint medical practice before and after symptom onset, up until SARS-CoV-2 laboratory confirmation. Through active contact tracing, the local public health authorities recruited the cohort of patients that had contact with either GP in their putative infectious period. In this cohort of patient contacts, we assess the frequency and determinants of SARS-CoV-2-transmission from GPs to patients. We calculated incidence rate ratios (IRR) to explore the type of contact as explanatory variable for COVID-19 cases. Among the cohort of 83 patient contacts, we identified 22 (27%) COVID-19 cases including 17 (21%) possible, 3 (4%) probable, and 2 (2%) confirmed cases. All 22 cases had contact with a GP when the GP did not wear a mask, and/or when contact was ≥10 minutes. Importantly, patients who had contact <10 minutes with a GP wearing a facemask were at reduced risk (IRR 0.21; 95%CI 0.01-0.99) of COVID-19. This outbreak investigation adds to the body of evidence in supporting current guidelines on measures at preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in an outpatient setting.
A synthetic receptor platform enables rapid and portable monitoring of liver dysfunction via engineered bacteria
Authors: Chang Hung-Ju , Zuniga Ana , Conejero Ismael , Voyvodic Peter L. , Gracy Jerome , Fajardo-Ruiz Elena , Cohen-Gonsaud Martin , Cambray Guillaume , Pageaux Georges-Philippe , Meszaros Magdalena , Meunier Lucy , Bonnet Jerome 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBacterial biosensors, or bactosensors, are promising field-deployable agents for medical and environmental diagnostics. However, the lack of scalable frameworks to systematically program ligand detection limits their applications. Here we present a synthetic receptor platform, termed EMeRALD (Engineered Modularized Receptors Activated via Ligand-induced Dimerization) which supports the modular assembly of sensing modules onto a high-performance, generic signaling scaffold controlling gene expression in E. coli. We applied EMeRALD to detect bile salts, a biomarker of liver dysfunction, by repurposing sensing modules from enteropathogenic Vibrio species. We improved the sensitivity and lowered the limit-of-detection of the sensing module by directed evolution. We then engineered a colorimetric bactosensor detecting pathological bile salt levels in serum from patients having undergone liver transplant, providing an output detectable by the naked-eye. The EMeRALD technology enables functional exploration of natural sensing modules and rapid engineering of synthetic receptors for diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and control of therapeutic microbes.
Symptoms and risk factors for hospitalization of COVID-19 presented in primary care
Authors: Rabady S , Hoffmann K , Brose M , Lammel O , Poggenburg S , Redlberger-Fritz M , Stiasny K , Wendler M , Weseslindtner L , Zehetmayer S , Kamenski G 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo extend knowledge of early symptoms as a precondition of early identification, and to gain understanding of associations between early symptoms and the development of a severe course of the disease.DesignRetrospective observational studySettingAustrian GP practices in the year 2020, patients above 18 years were included.ParticipantsWe recruited 22 practices who included altogether 295 participants with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test.Main outcome measuresData collection comprised basic demographic data, risk factors and the recording of symptoms at several points in time in the course of the illness. Descriptive analyses for possible associations between demographics and symptoms were conducted by means of cross table. Group differences (hospitalized yes/no) were assessed using Fisher’s exact test. The significance level was set to 0.05; due to the observational character of the study, no adjustment for multiplicity was performed.ResultsLittle more than one third of patients report symptoms generally understood to be typical for Covid-19. Most patients present with a variety of unspecific complaints. We found symptoms indicating complicated disease, depending on when they appear. The number of symptoms is likely to be a predictor for the need of hospital care. More than 50% of patients still experience symptoms 14 days after onset.ConclusionsUnderrating unspecific symptoms as possible indicators for SARS-CoV-2 infection harbours the danger of overlooking early disease. Monitoring patients during their illness using the indicators for severe disease we identified may help to identify patients who are likely to profit from early intervention.Data availability statementAll data referred to in the manuscript are available from: Department of General Medicine and Family Practice, Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversitaet, Krems, AustriaArticle SummaryStrengths and limitationsThis study investigates data on the course of COVID-19 collected exclusively from patients in primary care and explores a wide range of symptoms.GPs were free to make their own testing decision according to their clinical judgement, and they followed each patient individually from day 1 to day 10 or 14.Limitations of our study concern the limited number of patients, due to the increased workload under difficult working conditions during the pandemic as well as the effort not being remunerated. However, the number of cases needed to identify group differences was calculated in advance, and this number has been reached. Our overall results are in accordance with our preliminary result analyses.
Using Google Health Trends to investigate COVID-19 incidence in Africa
Authors: Fulk Alexander , Romero-Alvarez Daniel , Abu-Saymeh Qays , Saint Onge Jarron M. , Peterson A. Townsend , Agusto Folashade B. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 350 million cases and over five million deaths globally. From these numbers, over 10 million cases and over 200 thousand deaths have occurred on the African continent as of 22 January 2022. Prevention and surveillance remain the cornerstone of interventions to halt the further spread of COVID-19. Google Health Trends (GHT), a free Internet tool, may be valuable to help anticipate outbreaks, identify disease hotspots, or understand the patterns of disease surveillance.We collected COVID-19 case and death incidence for 54 African countries and obtained averages for four, five-month study periods in 2020-2021. Average case and death incidences were calculated during these four time periods to measure disease severity. We used GHT to characterize COVID-19 incidence across Africa, collecting numbers of searches from GHT related to COVID-19 using four terms: ‘coronavirus’, ‘coronavirus symptoms’, ‘COVID19’, and ‘pandemic’. The terms were related to weekly COVID-19 case incidences for the entire study period via multiple linear regression analysis and weighted linear regression analysis. We also assembled 72 predictors assessing Internet accessibility, demographics, economics, health, and others, for each country, to summarize potential mechanisms linking GHT searches and COVID-19 incidence.COVID-19 burden in Africa increased steadily during the study period as in the rest of the world. Important increases for COVID-19 death incidence were observed for Seychelles and Tunisia over the study period. Our study demonstrated a weak correlation between GHT and COVID-19 incidence for most African countries. Several predictors were useful in explaining the pattern of GHT statistics and their relationship to COVID-19 including: log of average weekly cases, log of cumulative total deaths, and log of fixed total number of broadband subscriptions in a country. Apparently, GHT may best be used for surveillance of diseases that are diagnosed more consistently.GHT-based surveillance for an ongoing epidemic might be useful in specific situations, such as when countries have significant levels of infection with low variability. Overall, GHT-based surveillance showed little applicability in the studied countries. Future studies might assess the algorithm in different epidemic contexts.