bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of pleiotropy and migration on repeated genetic adaptation
Authors: Battlay Paul , Yeaman Sam , Hodgins Kathryn A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObservations of genetically repeated evolution (repeatability) in complex organisms are incongruent with the Fisher-Orr model, which implies that repeated use of the same gene should be rare when mutations are pleiotropic (i.e., affect multiple traits). When spatially divergent selection occurs in the presence of migration, mutations of large effect are more strongly favoured, and hence repeatability is more likely, but it is unclear whether this observation is limited by pleiotropy. Here, we explore this question using individual-based simulations of a two-patch model incorporating multiple quantitative traits governed by mutations with pleiotropic effects. We explore the relationship between fitness trade-offs and repeatability by varying the alignment between mutation effect and spatial variation in trait optima. While repeatability decreases with increasing trait dimensionality, trade-offs in mutation effects on traits do not strongly limit the contribution of a locus of large effect to repeated adaptation, particularly under increased migration. These results suggest that repeatability will be more pronounced for local rather than global adaptation. Whereas pleiotropy limits repeatability in a single-population model, when there is local adaptation with gene flow, repeatability can occur if some loci are able to produce alleles of large effect, even when there are pleiotropic trade-offs.Article summaryClassical evolutionary theory predicts that genetically repeated evolution should be vanishingly rare in organisms where mutations affect multiple traits. In this article, we use simulations to study such pleiotropic mutations, and explore their effects on local adaptation in two patches under divergent selection. We find that migration between patches increases the likelihood of repeated evolution, even when there are fitness trade-offs imposed by pleiotropy.
Fluctuation of cellular differentiation in limb regeneration is regulated by Pde4b in urodele amphibians
Authors: Satoh Akira , Kashimoto Rena , Ohashi Ayaka , Saya Furukawa , Yamamoto Sakiya , Inoue Takeshi , Hayashi Toshinori , Agata Kiyokazu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUrodele amphibians,Pleurodeles waltlandAmbystoma mexicanum, have organ-level regeneration capability, such as limb regeneration. Multipotent cells are induced by an endogenous mechanism in amphibian limb regeneration. It is well known that dermal fibroblasts receive regenerative signals and turn into multipotent cells, called blastema cells. However, the induction mechanism of the blastema cells from matured dermal cells was unknown. We previously found that BMP2, FGF2, and FGF8 (B2FF) could play sufficient roles in blastema induction in urodele amphibians. Here, we show that B2FF treatment can induce dermis-derived cells that can participate in multiple cell lineage in limb regeneration. We first established a newt dermis-derived cell line and confirmed that B2FF treatment on the newt cells provided plasticity in cellular differentiation in limb regeneration. Interspecies comparative analysis clarified thatPde4bupregulation by B2FF specifically took place in the newt cells. Blocking PDE4B signaling by Rolipram suppressed dermis-to-cartilage transformation and the mosaic knockout animals showed consistent results. Our results are a valuable insight into how dermal fibroblasts acquire multipotency during the early phase of limb regenerationviaan endogenous program in amphibian limb regeneration.
Job creation and investment in imperfect financial and labor markets
Authors: Rendon Silvio 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to weigh the restrictions to job creation imposed by labor market imperfections with respect to financial market imperfections. The authors want to see which restriction is more severe, and thus assess which is more powerful in creating permanent employment if it were removed.

Design/methodology/approach
A structural estimation is performed. The policy rules of the dynamic programming model are integrated into a simulated maximum likelihood procedure by which the model parameters are recovered. Data come from the CBBE (Balance Sheet data from the Bank of Spain). Identification of key parameters comes mainly from the observation of debt variation and sluggish adjustment to permanent labor.

Findings
Long-run permanent employment increases up to 69% when financial constraints are removed, whereas permanent employment only increases up to 54% when employment protection or firing costs are eliminated. The main finding of this paper is that the long-run expansion of permanent employment is larger when financial imperfections are removed than when firing costs are removed, even when there are important wage increases that moderate these employment expansions.

Social implications
The removal of firing costs has been suggested by several economists as a result of the analysis of labor market imperfections. These policies, however, face the strong opposition of labor unions. This paper shows that the goals of permanent job creation can be accomplished without removing employment protection but by means of enhancing financial access to firms.

Originality/value
The connection between financial constraints and employment has been studied in recent years, motivated by the Great Recession. However, there is no assessment of how financial and labor market imperfections compare with each other to restrict permanent job creation. This comparison is crucial for policy analysis. This study is an attempt to fill out this gap in the economic literature. No previous research has attempted to perform this very important comparison.
A framework of firms' business sustainability endeavours with internal and external stakeholders through time across oriental and occidental business contexts
Authors: Lee Tzong-Ru , Lin Ku-Ho , Chen Chang-Hsiung , Otero-Neira Carmen , Svensson Göran 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to test and compare a framework of firms' business sustainability endeavours with internal and external stakeholders in an oriental business context and to verify the validity and reliability of a stakeholder framework through time and across oriental and occidental business contexts.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative approach based on a questionnaire survey in corporate Taiwan with a response rate of 68.5%. Multivariate analysis is undertaken to uncover the measurement properties of a stakeholder framework.FindingsA framework of firms' business sustainability endeavours with internal and external stakeholders appears valid and reliable through time and across occidental and oriental business contexts.Research limitations/implicationsThis study verifies and fortifies a stakeholder framework through time and across business contexts consisting of five stakeholder groups: upstream, the focal firm, downstream, market and societal.Practical implicationsThe framework of firms' business sustainability endeavours provides guidance to firms in their endeavours of business sustainability with internal and external stakeholders.Originality/valueThis study contributes to existing theory and previous studies by validating a stakeholder framework of business sustainability with internal and external stakeholders beyond occidental business context to be also valid and reliable in oriental ones.
Fuzzy bundling of corporate governance practices and performance of Indian firms
Authors: Gupta Pankaj Kumar , Mittal Prabhat 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to develop a framework that aids in achieving the desired state of financial performance for corporate enterprises based on distinct configurations of corporate governance (CG) practices.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a fuzzy-based system to arrive at a definitive configuration of CG practices that lead to a specific level of firm’s performance.FindingsThis analysis of the panel data of 92 National Stock Exchange–listed companies conducted for RONW on selected CG variables shows that eight fuzzy configurations lead to a particular state of RONW. The authors compare the results with the conventional regression-based scoring models.Originality/valueCorporate enterprises can use the derived bundles of CG practices leading to a specific set of financial performance (RONW) to aid the decision-making process in defining and implementing their governance structures. The regulators can modify or customize the law-mandated CG practices to reduce redundancies and promote the national agenda of economic efficiency.
Is childcare cost a barrier to women managers' retention and progress at large firms?
Authors: Choudhary Amod 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe impact of childcare cost and childcare responsibilities has generally negatively impacted women in workforce. There has been lack of research on the impact of childcare on women managers in larger US public firms. The purpose of this paper is to determine how childcare costs impact the number of women managers in S&P 500 firms.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs Driscoll–Kraay panel regression model using childcare data for ten years and the percent of women managers at S&P 500 firms.FindingsThe results show that increase in childcare cost leads to decrease in percent of women in management positions when the child is an infant. Interestingly, but plausibly the results also show that for preschool-age children as the cost of childcare increases, there is an increase in percent of women in management. Furthermore, childcare costs are still an impediment to careers of women managers, specifically when the child is an infant. The effect is much less when the child grows from an infant to preschool age.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation of this research paper is that the childcare cost data is not directly from the S&P 500 firms. The percent of women management data used is limited to the largest S&P 500 firms. Also, there is no agreement as to definition of a manager at these firms. Moreover, not only childcare cost, but the quality and availability of childcare are factors that also play a role in decision to work and/or use of childcare.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the existing literature by providing evidence that childcare cost impedes women managers' career growth. This finding is more worrisome given that Covid-19 has had a very disproportionate impact on women with child(dren) in the workforce.
Design and analysis of grid-connected sustainable urban residential energy systems
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Tewary Tavishi 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Earlier most of the research groups have designed and developed hybrid renewable energy system models with technological, scientific and industrial advancement for the energy systems, but slight attention has been paid towards the grid-connected sustainable urban residential energy systems (SUReS) for metropolitan cities. The current research wishes to design, model and analyze grid-connected energy system for residential applications for sustainable urban residential energy system. The works aims to explore the potential of the augmented energy system for grid-connected energy system.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed grid-connected SUReS are validated for a sample location at New Delhi (India) with a hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software to define and understand the various load profile. It presents the sensitivity analysis approach to validate the design of the proposed energy system.

Findings
The obtained results reports the key barriers, proposed model and scenarios for sustainable urban energy system development.

Research limitations/implications
Similar approaches can be replicated to design and develop an independent, self-sustainable cleaner and environmental-friendly energy system in the future scenario for the extension of complex grid infrastructures.

Practical implications
It will assist the stakeholder in solving the complex urban sustainability issues raised due to the shortage of energy.

Social implications
It will offer a clean and environment friendly sustainable energy resources with reduced carbon emissions. It will benefit sustainable energy resources with a mix of challenges and opportunities, to suggest an approach for implementation of efficient energy policies to optimize the existing and forthcoming energy systems.

Originality/value
The current research offers a design and model to analyze grid-connected energy system sustainable urban residential applications. It explores the potential of the augmented energy system. The proposed model are validated for a sample location with HOMER simulation software to define and understand various scenarios of the multiple load profile. The work presents the sensitivity analysis approach to validate the proposed energy system.
An end-to-End deep context gate convolutional visual odometry system based on lightweight attention mechanism
Authors: Xu Yan , Qin Hong , Huang Jiani , Wang Yanyun 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Conventional learning-based visual odometry (VO) systems usually use convolutional neural networks (CNN) to extract features, where some important context-related and attention-holding global features might be ignored. Without essential global features, VO system will be sensitive to various environmental perturbations. The purpose of this paper is to design a novel learning-based framework that aims to improve accuracy of learning-based VO without decreasing the generalization ability.

Design/methodology/approach
Instead of CNN, a context-gated convolution is adopted to build an end-to-end learning framework, which enables convolutional layers that dynamically capture representative local patterns and composes local features of interest under the guidance of global context. In addition, an attention mechanism module is introduced to further improve learning ability and enhance robustness and generalization ability of the VO system.

Findings
The proposed system is evaluated on the public data set KITTI and the self-collected data sets of our college building, where it shows competitive performance compared with some classical and state-of-the-art learning-based methods. Quantitative experimental results on the public data set KITTI show that compared with CNN-based VO methods, the average translational error and rotational error of all the test sequences are reduced by 45.63% and 37.22%, respectively.

Originality/value
The main contribution of this paper is that an end-to-end deep context gate convolutional VO system based on lightweight attention mechanism is proposed, which effectively improves the accuracy compared with other learning-based methods.
Green innovation and Sustainable Development Goals in SMEs: the moderating role of government incentives
Authors: Ullah Rizwan , Ahmad Habib , Rehman Fazal Ur , Fawad Arshad 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe aim of this research is to understand how government incentives (financial and non-financial) influence the relationship between green innovation and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in SMEs.Design/methodology/approachTo contribute to the literature, this research uses empirical evidence of 204 Pakistani small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and tests the moderating role of government support between green innovation and SDGs.FindingsThe findings indicate that green innovation has a significant influence on SDGs, community development and environmental activities. The government support significantly strengthens the relationship between green innovation and environmental practices, while it does not moderate the path between green innovation and community development.Practical implicationsThe research recommends SMEs focus on the adoption of green innovation and green technology to protect the environment and facilitate the community. Moreover, the research advises the government to assist SMEs financially and nonfinancially, so they will in turn help in the attainment of SDGs.Originality/valueThis research is the first attempt to assess the importance of green innovation in SDGs with a moderating role of government incentives in emerging SMEs. It provides several useful implications for policymaking.
Aspirations or survival: decision modeling and the effect of focus of attention in risky choice
Authors: Ross Guy Moshe 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This research aims to test focus of attention effects in risky choice.

Design/methodology/approach
As opposed to traditional aspiration-level theory, the shifting-focus concept introduces a second reference point, the survival point, and assumes a shifting focus of attention between the two reference points. In this conceptualization, risk-taking is a function of focus of attention on the survival reference point or the aspiration-level and resources relative to the two reference points. Four randomized controlled studies tested this concept.

Findings
Study 1 showed that with aspiration focus the probability of choosing a risky option was higher below an aspiration-level than above it. With survival focus, the effect was reversed. Study 2 found that close to the survival reference point, the probability of choosing a risky option was higher with aspiration focus relative to survival focus. Study 3 revealed that with scarce resources the risk taken was higher with aspiration focus than with survival focus, and the scarcer the resources the stronger was the effect. Study 4 demonstrated that with aspiration focus the risk taken was higher below an aspiration-level than above it. With survival focus the effect was reversed.

Originality/value
In addition to providing support for the validity of the shifting focus concept, this paper elaborates on the theoretical model by providing evidence for moderation effects. Risk-taking was affected by a focus of attention on one of two reference points, and the effect was moderated by resources relative to the two focal points. An advanced model is proposed to capture the effects of focus of attention and resources on risk-taking behavior.
Cognitive bias, intuitive attributes and investment decision quality in commercial real estate in Uganda
Authors: Kinatta Moses Munyami , Kaawaase Twaha Kigongo , Munene John C. , Nkote Isaac , Nkundabanyanga Stephen Korutaro 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis study examines the relationship between investor cognitive bias, investor intuitive attributes and investment decision quality in commercial real estate in Uganda.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional research survey was used in this study, and data were collected from 200 investors of commercial real estate in Uganda using a structured questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses derived under this study.FindingsThe results indicate that investor cognitive bias and investor intuitive attributes are positive and significant determinants of investment decision quality in commercial real estate. In addition, the two components of Investor cognitive bias (framing variation and cognitive heuristics) are positive and significant determinants of investment decision quality, whereas mental accounting is a negative and significant determinant of investment decision quality. For investor intuitive attributes, confidence degree and loss aversion are positive and significant determinants of investment decision quality, whereas herding behavior is a negative and significant determinant of investment decision quality in commercial real estate in Uganda.Practical implicationsFor practitioners in commercial real estate sector should emphasize independent evaluation of investment opportunities (framing variation), simplify information regarding investments (Cognitive heuristics), believe in own abilities (Confidence degree), be risk averse (loss aversion) and avoid making decisions based on subjective visual mind (mental accounting) and group think/herding in order to make quality investment decisions. For policymakers, the study has illuminated factors such as provision of reliable information that ought to be taken into account when promulgating policies for regulation of the commercial real estate sector. This will help investors to come up with investment decisions which are plausible.Originality/valueFew studies have focused on investor cognitive bias and investor intuitive attributes on investment decision quality in commercial real estate. This study is the first to examine the relationship, especially in the commercial real estate sector in a developing country like Uganda.
Mandatory corporate social responsibility in India: reporting reality, issues and way forward
Authors: Taneja Pawan , Jain Ameeta , Joshi Mahesh , Kansal Monika 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Since 2013, the Indian Companies Act Section 135 has mandated corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting by Indian central public sector enterprises (CPSEs). CSR reporting is regulated by multiple Government of India ministerial agencies, each requiring different formats and often different data. This study aims to understand the impact of these multiple regulatory bodies on CSR reporting by Indian CPSEs; evaluate the expectation gap between regulators and the regulated; and investigate the compliance burden on CPSEs.

Design/methodology/approach
An interview-based approach was adopted to evaluate the perspectives of both regulators and regulated CPSEs on the impact of the new regulations on CSR reporting quality. The authors use the lens of institutional theory to analyse the findings.

Findings
Driven by coercive institutional pressures, CPSEs are overburdened with myriad reporting requirements, which significantly negatively impact CPSEs’ financial and human resources and the quality of CSR activity and reports. It is difficult for CPSEs to assess the actual impact of their CSR activities due to overlapping with activities of the government/other institutions. The perceptions of regulators and the regulated are divergent: the regulators expect CPSEs to select more impactful CSR projects to comply with mandatory reporting requirements.

Originality/value
The findings of this study emphasise the need for meaningful dialogue between regulators and the regulated to reduce the expectation gap and establish a single regulatory authority that will ensure that the letter and spirit of the law are followed in practice and not just according to a tick-box approach.
A bibliometric reflection on the history of green human resource management research
Authors: Farrukh Muhammad , Raza Ali , Ansari Nabeel Younus , Bhutta Umair Saeed 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the regional distribution, size and evolution of the knowledge base by identifying key authors, documents, keywords and journals while examining current literature and intellectual structure, and highlight topical trends of green human resource management (GHRM) research.

Design/methodology/approach
As scholarly interest in the environment has grown, a new research focus in the discipline of human resource management (HRM) has emerged. The term GHRM was coined to describe how HRM may contribute to environmental outcomes. This scholarly focus has led to an increasing number of publications in this field. To analyze the intellectual structure of the GHRM research, a bibliometric technique is used.

Findings
The findings revealed a knowledge base that is still in the new phase, with a global scope, but most scholarly work is concentrated in Asian societies. By presenting an overview of the present state of the knowledge base, this study intends to lead a new generation of GHRM scholars.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind, which probes the bibliometric reflection on green human resource management research history.