bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel DNA methylation-based model that effectively predicts prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hao Xiang-Yong , Li An-Qiang , Shi Hao , Guo Tian-Kang , Shen Yan-Fei , Deng Yuan , Wang Li-Tian , Wang Tao , Cai Hui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To build a novel predictive model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients based on DNA methylation data.
Methods: Four independent DNA methylation datasets for HCC were used to screen for common differentially methylated genes (CDMGs). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to explore the biological roles of CDMGs in HCC. Univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox analysis were performed to identify survival-related CDMGs (SR-CDMGs) and to build a predictive model. The importance of this model was assessed using Cox regression analysis, propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis and stratification analysis. A validation group from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was constructed to further validate the model.
Results: Four SR-CDMGs were identified and used to build the predictive model. The risk score of this model was calculated as follows: risk score = (0.01489826 × methylation level of WDR69) + (0.15868618 × methylation level of HOXB4) + (0.16674959 × methylation level of CDKL2) + (0.16689301 × methylation level of HOXA10). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that patients in the low-risk group had a significantly longer overall survival (OS; log-rank P-value =0.00071). The Cox model multivariate analysis and PSM analysis identified the risk score as an independent prognostic factor (P&lt;0.05). Stratified analysis results further confirmed this model performed well. By analyzing the validation group, the results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and survival analysis further validated this model.
Conclusion: Our DNA methylation-based prognosis predictive model is effective and reliable in predicting prognosis for patients with HCC.
Sympathetic neural responses in heart failure during exercise and after exercise training
Authors: Notarius Catherine F. , Floras John S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system coordinates the cardiovascular response to exercise. This regulation is impaired in both experimental and human heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), resulting in a state of sympathoexcitation which limits exercise capacity and contributes to adverse outcome. Exercise training can moderate sympathetic excess at rest. Recording sympathetic nerve firing during exercise is more challenging. Hence, data acquired during exercise are scant and results vary according to exercise modality. In this review we will: (1) describe sympathetic activity during various exercise modes in both experimental and human HFrEF and consider factors which influence these responses; and (2) summarise the effect of exercise training on sympathetic outflow both at rest and during exercise in both animal models and human HFrEF. We will particularly highlight studies in humans which report direct measurements of efferent sympathetic nerve traffic using intraneural recordings. Future research is required to clarify the neural afferent mechanisms which contribute to efferent sympathetic activation during exercise in HFrEF, how this may be altered by exercise training, and the impact of such attenuation on cardiac and renal function.
Internal water storage capacity of terrestrial planets and the effect of hydration on theM-Rrelation
Authors: Shah O. , Alibert Y. , Helled R. , Mezger K. 
Published: February 2021

Context.The discovery of low density exoplanets in the super-Earth mass regime suggests that ocean planets could be abundant in the galaxy. Understanding the chemical interactions between water and Mg-silicates or iron is essential for constraining the interiors of water-rich planets. Hydration effects have, however, been mostly neglected by the astrophysics community so far. As such effects are unlikely to have major impacts on theoretical mass-radius relations, this is justified as long as the measurement uncertainties are large. However, upcoming missions, such as the PLATO mission (scheduled launch 2026), are envisaged to reach a precision of up to ≈3 and ≈10% for radii and masses, respectively. As a result, we may soon enter an area in exoplanetary research where various physical and chemical effects such as hydration can no longer be ignored.Aims.Our goal is to construct interior models for planets that include reliable prescriptions for hydration of the cores and mantles. These models can be used to refine previous results for which hydration has been neglected and to guide future characterization of observed exoplanets.Methods.We have developed numerical tools to solve for the structure of multi-layered planets with variable boundary conditions and compositions. Here we consider three types of planets: dry interiors, hydrated interiors, and dry interiors plus surface ocean, where the ocean mass fraction corresponds to the mass fraction of the H2O equivalent in the hydrated case.Results.We find H and OH storage capacities in the hydrated planets equivalent to 0−6 wt% H2O corresponding to up to ≈800 km deep ocean layers. In the mass range 0.1 ≤M∕M⊕≤ 3, the effect of hydration on the total radius is found to be ≤2.5%, whereas the effect of separation into an isolated surface ocean is ≤5%. Furthermore, we find that our results are very sensitive to the bulk composition.
Looking through the photoionisation wake: Vela X−1 at φorb ≈ 0.75 with Chandra/HETG
Authors: Amato R. , Grinberg V. , Hell N. , Bianchi S. , Pinto C. , D’Aí A. , Del Santo M. , Mineo T. , Santangelo  
Published: February 2021

Context. The supergiant X-ray binary Vela X−1 represents one of the best astrophysical sources to investigate the wind environment of an O/B star irradiated by an accreting neutron star. Previous studies and hydrodynamic simulations of the system have revealed a clumpy environment and the presence of two wakes: an accretion wake surrounding the compact object and a photoionisation wake trailing it along the orbit.
Aims. Our goal is to conduct, for the first time, high-resolution spectroscopy on Chandra/HETGS data at the orbital phase φorb ≈ 0.75, when the line of sight is crossing the photoionisation wake. We aim to conduct plasma diagnostics, inferring the structure and the geometry of the wind.
Methods. We performed a blind search employing a Bayesian block algorithm to find discrete spectral features and identify them thanks to the most recent laboratory results or through atomic databases. Plasma properties were inferred both with empirical techniques and with photoionisation models within CLOUDY and SPEX.
Results. We detect and identify five narrow radiative recombination continua (Mg XI-XII, Ne IX-X, O VIII) and several emission lines from Fe, S, Si, Mg, Ne, Al, and Na, including four He-like triplets (S XV, Si XIII, Mg XI, and Ne IX). Photoionisation models reproduce the overall spectrum well, except for the near-neutral fluorescence lines of Fe, S, and Si.
Conclusions. We conclude that the plasma is mainly photoionised, but more than one component is most likely present, which is consistent with a multi-phase plasma scenario, where denser and colder clumps of matter are embedded in the hot, photoionised wind of the companion star. Simulations with the future X-ray satellites Athena and XRISM show that a few hundred seconds of exposure is sufficient to disentangle the lines of the Fe Kα doublet and the He-like Fe XXV, improving, in general, the determination of the plasma parameters.
Physical Fitness and Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Soares-Miranda Luisa , Lucia Alejandro , Silva Marco , Peixoto Armando , Ramalho Rosa , da Silva Pedro Correia , Mota Jorge , Macedo Guilherme , Abreu Sandra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer is now a frequently treatable illness for most and a
chronic disease for many. The number of people living with a diagnosis of
colorectal cancer is thus expected to rise. Yet even after successful
treatment, colorectal cancer survivors, mostly the elderly, frequently
experience health problems and impaired health-related quality of life. We
investigated the cross-sectional association between physical fitness,
measured with the 6-min walk test, 30-second chair-stand test, and isometric
handgrip strength, as well as health-related quality of life, in a cohort of
colorectal cancer patients (n=71, mean [SD] age 67±10 years,
63% men; 35, 39 and 25% in stages I, II and III,
respectively). Greater performance in the 6-minute walk test and 30-second
chair-stand test was associated with higher levels of global health status
(p<0.001, p=0.001 respectively), higher functioning
(p<0.001) and lower levels of symptomatology (p<0.001; pain
and fatigue). Additionally, greater 6-min walk test performance was
associated with a better cognitive function (p=0.005). Our results
suggest that greater aerobic fitness and lower-extremity muscle strength are
cross-sectionally associated with higher levels of global health status,
higher functioning and lower levels of symptomatology such as pain and
fatigue in colorectal cancer patients.
Apalutamid bei Patienten mit einem Hochrisiko-M0CRPC: Daten der Zulassungsstudie SPARTAN und erste Erfahrungen aus einem Härtefallprogramm
Authors: Hellmis Eva , Schwentner Christian , Mandel Philipp , Banek Séverine , Gleißner Jochen , Bögemann Martin 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDas nicht-fernmetastasierte kastrationsresistente Prostatakarzinom (M0CRPC) ist mit einem erhöhten Progressions- und Mortalitätsrisiko verbunden, vor allem wenn eine schnelle Verdopplungszeit des Prostata-spezifischen Antigens (PSADT ≤ 10 Monate) vorliegt. Schreitet die Krankheit weiter voran und entsteht ein metastasiertes (m) CRPC, nehmen Progressions- und Mortalitätsrisiko weiter zu. Für die Therapie des Hochrisiko-M0CRPCs stehen die Androgenrezeptor-Inhibitoren Apalutamid, Darolutamid und Enzalutamid, jeweils in Kombination mit einer Androgendeprivationstherapie (ADT), zur Verfügung.Die Ergebnisse der Zulassungsstudie SPARTAN zeigen, dass Apalutamid + ADT das metastasenfreie Überleben (MFS) und somit auch die Entstehung eines mCRPCs bei diesen Patienten hinauszögern kann. Vor Zulassung von Apalutamid in der Europäischen Union war der Wirkstoff im Rahmen eines internationalen Härtefallprogramms auch in Deutschland verfügbar. Insgesamt haben in Deutschland 109 Patienten aus 50 Zentren teilgenommen. Länger als 3 Monate wurden 45 Patienten, länger als 6 Monate 13 Patienten behandelt. Das Härtefallprogramm läuft in einigen Ländern weiter, weltweit wurden 556 Patienten aufgenommen.Unsere Erfahrungen mit dieser Real-World-Population zeigten ein gutes PSA-Ansprechen, so wie es auch in der SPARTAN-Studie bei diesem explorativen Endpunkt gezeigt wurde. Auch hinsichtlich des Verträglichkeitsprofils konnten wir keine deutlichen Unterschiede zur Zulassungsstudie feststellen.Apalutamid war in Kombination mit einer ADT auch in dieser Real-World-Patientenpopulation wirksam und konnte zu einem raschen PSA-Abfall führen. Dabei unterschied sich das Verträglichkeitsprofil nicht von dem in der SPARTAN-Studie.
The Prognostic Potential of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide on the Development of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Hofer Felix , Hammer Andreas , Steininger Matthias , Kazem Niema , Koller Lorenz , Steinlechner Barbara , Laufer Günther , Andreas Martin , Marculescu Rodrig , Hengstenberg Christian , Wojta Johann , Niessner Alexander , Sulzgruber Patrick 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) represents a common complication after cardiac surgery associated with major adverse events and poor patient outcome. Tools for risk stratification of this arrhythmia remain scarce. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) represents an easily assessable biomarker picturing atrial function and strain; however, its prognostic potential on the development of POAF has not been investigated so far.
Methods Within the present investigation, 314 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative mid-region proANP (MR-proANP) values were assessed before the surgical intervention. Patients were followed prospectively and continuously screened for the development of arrhythmic events.
Results A total of 138 individuals (43.9%) developed POAF. Median concentrations of MR-proANP were significantly higher within the POAF group (p < 0.001). MR-proANP showed a strong association with the development of POAF with a crude odds ratio (OR) of 1.68 per 1 standard deviation (1-SD; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31–2.15; p < 0.001), which remained stable after comprehensive adjustment for confounders with an adjusted OR of 1.74 per 1-SD (95% CI: 1.17–2.58; p = 0.006). The discriminatory power of MR-proANP for the development of POAF was validated by the category-free net reclassification improvement (0.23 [95% CI: 0.0349–0.4193]; p = 0.022) and integrated discrimination increment (0.02 [95% CI: 0.0046–0.0397], p = 0.013).
Conclusion MR-proANP proved to be a strong and independent predictor of the development of POAF. Considering a personalized diagnostic and prognostic preoperative work-up, a standardized preoperative evaluation of MR-proANP levels might help to identify patients at risk for development of POAF after cardiac surgery.
Evaluation of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System in Risk Assessment for Lower Extremity Reconstruction with Free Tissue Transfer
Authors: Steinebach Rabanus , Maldonado Andrés A. , Morillo M. Carmen , Sauerbier Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background The applicability of free flap reconstruction for lower extremity (LE) defects in high-risk patients continues to require ongoing review. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors, management, and outcome of LE free flap reconstruction in high-risk (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] class 3 or 4) patients.
Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients who underwent LE reconstruction in our Institution (Level I Trauma Center) from 2013 to 2019. Medical records and the authors' prospectively maintained database were analyzed with respect to ASA class, comorbidities, and postoperative complications. All patients were treated using the same pre-, intra-, and postoperative multidisciplinary approach.
Results A total of 199 patients were analyzed. Sixty-six flaps were transferred in 60 patients with an ASA class 3 or higher. High-risk patients did not present a higher rate of flap loss or LE amputation. The overall flap success rate was 92%. There were five flap losses in high-risk patients. Three of these five patients underwent a successful second free flap reconstruction. The overall success rate of LE reconstruction in high-risk patients was 90%. Four patients with successful free flap ended up in LE amputation due to bone infection and two patients underwent an amputation after the first free flap failure.
Conclusion Free flap reconstruction for LE defects in high-risk patients is a safe and reliable procedure for selected patients when an experienced multidisciplinary team is involved. Bone infection was the only variable associated with LE amputation.
Devitalized Autograft Associated with the Vascularized Fibula Graft: Irradiation versus Freezing Methods
Authors: Rezende Luis Guilherme Rosifini Alves , Margatho Guilherme Leipner , Penno Ricardo Alberto Lupinacci , Mazzer Nilton , Engel Edgard Eduard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Among the alternatives for the management of malignant bone tumors is the “devitalized autograft associated with vascularized fibula graft.” The devitalization process is achieved by pasteurization, irradiation, or freezing. The combination of these grafts has been broadly researched for more than 25 years. However, there is no research currently published comparing the various methods or their respective outcomes.
Methods A retrospective study was compiled of 26 devitalized autografts associated with vascularized fibula performed to limb salvage of malignant bone tumors. They were divided into two groups according to the devitalization method: either freezing (12 procedures) or irradiation (14 procedures). Clinical, radiographic, and scintigraphic results were assessed at least 24 months after surgery.
Results The union rates reached 83.3% in the freezing group and 92.8% in the irradiated group but did not express different outcomes. Scintigraphic viability was observed in all the grafts that achieved radiographic union (Mann–Whitney U-test: p = 0.005). Three patients had nonunion, with only one having no viability in the scintigraphy (Mann–Whitney U-test: p = 0.001). There was no malignant recurrence in the autograft, only in surrounding soft tissues. Local recurrence was statistically higher in larger tumors (Mann–Whitney U-test: p = 0.025).
Conclusion Both groups presented similar union rates and are considered safe to devitalize bone graft despite different outcomes observed. The survivor rates observed could be limited by the existence of the techniques.
Atlantic Ocean science diplomacy in action: the pole-to-pole All Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance
Authors: Polejack Andrei , Gruber Sigi , Wisz Mary S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe ocean provides important ecosystem services to society, but its health is in crisis due to the impacts of human activities. Ocean sustainability requires ambitious levels of scientific evidence to support governance and management of human activities that impact the ocean. However, due to the size, complexity and connectivity of the ocean, monitoring and data collection presupposes high investments, and nations need to cooperate to deliver the ambitious, costly science that is required to inform decisions. Here, we highlight the role that ocean science diplomacy plays in facilitating the science needed to support ocean governance and management from domestic, regional to international scales in the Atlantic region via the All Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance. This Alliance is supported by the Galway Statement (2013), the South–South Framework for Scientific and Technical Cooperation in the South and Tropical Atlantic and the Southern Oceans (2017), and the Belém Statement (2017). We discuss the national and international interests that drove the processes of negotiating these agreements, as well as their challenges to date. We also discuss the potential future of the All Atlantic Alliance, as well as its significance in emerging global initiatives such as the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030).
Design of immunogens to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV targeting the CD4 binding site
Authors: Conti Simone , Kaczorowski Kevin J. , Song Ge , Porter Katelyn , Andrabi Raiees , Burton Dennis R. , Chakraborty Arup K. , Karplus Martin 
Published: February 2021

Significance
A solution to the global AIDS epidemic is to develop a vaccine against HIV. This has been difficult to achieve because the virus mutates rapidly, and the antibodies induced by vaccination would need to recognize many different HIV variants. We have developed a computational framework to design panels of antigens for eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) for an HIV vaccine. An important aspect of the method is its use of the gp160 fitness landscape, which measures the ability of the virus to tolerate mutations. Most designed antigens assembled as well-ordered native-like trimers with antigenic properties favorable for vaccine studies. These antigens can be used to make meaningful proposals for immunization schedules, a significant advance in HIV vaccine design.
Discovery and characterization of bromodomain 2–specific inhibitors of BRDT
Authors: Yu Zhifeng , Ku Angela F. , Anglin Justin L. , Sharma Rajesh , Ucisik Melek Nihan , Faver John C. , Li Feng , Nyshadham Pranavanand , Simmons Nicholas , Sharma Kiran L. , Nagarajan Sureshbabu , Riehle Kevin , Kaur Gundeep , Sankaran Banumathi , Storl-Desmond Marta , Palmer Stephen S. , Young Damian W. , Kim Choel , Matzuk Martin M. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
There is no nonhormonal contraceptive pill for men, although hundreds of genes have been identified to play roles during spermatogenesis and fertilization in the male reproductive tract. To address the absence of contraceptive drugs for men, we established a DNA-encoded chemistry technology (DEC-Tec) platform. Our drug discovery campaign on BRDT, a validated spermatogenic-specific contraceptive target, yielded rapid discovery of potent and specific inhibitors of the second bromodomain of BRDT that have unique binding characteristics to BRDT-BD2 relative to BRDT-BD1. Our study emphasizes the robustness and validation of the DEC-Tec platform where the obtained structure–affinity relationship data would allow us to identify specific protein binders immediately without performing exhaustive medicinal chemistry optimization of compounds with potential as male contraceptives.
Cultural Linguistics and religion
Authors: Sharifian Farzad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Spiritual systems such as religions embody
particular worldviews or systems of conceptualizing life, death,
morality, creation, the life hereafter, fate, and so on. Since these
conceptualizations are more or less shared across any speech
community that believes in the same faith, religions can be viewed
as providing systems of cultural
conceptualizations. The analytical framework of Cultural
Linguistics should therefore be able to offer fruitful tools for
examining the language and conceptualizations associated with
spiritual systems. This chapter demonstrates this premise by
presenting a survey of the research on language and religion from
the perspective of Cultural Linguistics.
Cultural conceptualizations of magical practices related to
menstrual blood in a transhistorical and transcontinental
perspective
Authors: Wolf Hans-Georg 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Most, if not all, of the studies in Cultural
Linguistics have (a) taken a synchronic perspective or (b) focused
on specific, intracultural conceptualizations. In my chapter, I will
look at a cluster of conceptualizations that have been found to
exist in different historical periods, in different languages and
varieties, and on different continents. The case in point is
conceptualizations of magical practices based on menstrual blood.
The existence of these conceptualizations across time and space
raises the challenging questions of their motivation, and, more
generally, the “flow of conceptualizations.” While these questions
will be pursued in my chapter, the main focus will be on an
elaboration of the conceptual network of conceptualizations
pertaining to menstrual blood magic.
Cultural conceptualizations of xejâlat and
kamruyi
Authors: Ghazi Sara 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter studies two
sharm-related emotion categories,
xejâlat and kamruyi, in
Persian from the perspective of Cultural Linguistics (Sharifian, 2011, 2017).
Drawing on various sources of data, namely reflective and narrative
questionnaires (N = 150), dictionaries and
encyclopedias, and online data, the present study applies analytical
and theoretical tools of Cultural Linguistics to delve into cultural
conceptualizations, including cultural metaphors and schemas of
xejâlat and kamruyi. Data
analysis reveals that xejâlat, being an internal
and a more self-oriented emotion category can be experienced and
evaluated positively and negatively, while kamruyi
is considered to be a negative emotion and a negatively evaluated
personality trait.