bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of crosshole electrical resistivity tomography measurements under the influence of horizontally slotted plastic cased boreholes
Authors: Almpanis Angelos , Tsourlos Panagiotis , Vargemezis George , Papazachos Costas 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTIn this work, we study the performance of cross‐hole electrical resistivity tomography measurements by employing different electrode array configurations in plastic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cased and horizontally slotted observation boreholes by inserting a multi‐electrode cable directly into the borehole. Preliminary cross‐hole electrical resistivity tomography measurements in PVC cased boreholes related to an underground tunnel construction showed poor data quality. This was attributed to the borehole‐fluid effect caused by the PVC casings. An experimental study was conducted to support this hypothesis by setting up various simulations in a water tank, using different PVC casings with various slot densities, and different electrode array configurations. We conclude that the applicability of various measurement setups depends mainly on the acquisition protocol and, to a lesser extent, on the slot density of the PVC casing. Among the different array configurations considered, the pole–dipole array with the potential measuring electrodes being placed in a separate borehole to the current electrodes provide the most robust and reliable results, even for low slot density PVC casings. Besides, denser borehole slot configurations result in better data quality, though to a different extent for the examined protocols. A minimum slot density criterion of at least six slots/electrode spacing is proposed, regardless of the electrode array. The experimental findings are finally evaluated against real field measurements associated with the construction of an underground tunnel of the new Thessaloniki Metro, verifying the pole–dipole array's superior behaviour for this type of measurement configuration. Finally, for those cases where the aspect ratio (hole depth/hole separation) is limited, we propose a modified borehole‐to‐surface configuration with the current electrodes placed outside the boreholes. The overall results indicate that slotted PVC cased observation boreholes (e.g., conventional piezometers), typically constructed as part of many infrastructure monitoring projects, can be efficiently employed for electrical resistivity tomography mapping, generating a new perspective for geoelectrical prospecting. This measuring approach exhibits a significant advantage. The use of pre‐existing boreholes reduces the overall survey costs, reliability, and effort, while also providing high‐resolution subsurface images, especially in urban environments.
Registration of ‘KS Hamilton’ hard red winter wheat
Authors: Zhang Guorong , Martin Terry J. , Fritz Allan K. , Li Yonghui , Seabourn Bradford W. , Chen Richard Y. , Bai Guihua , Bowden Robert L. , Chen Ming‐Shun , Rupp Jessica , Jin Yue , Chen Xianming , Kolmer Jim , Marshall David S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop in semi‐arid western Kansas. The objective of this research was to develop a hard red winter wheat cultivar for western Kansas with high grain yield potential, good baking quality, and resistance to the important diseases in this region, including Wheat streak mosaic virus, Barley yellow dwarf virus, stripe rust, leaf rust, stem rust, and Hessian fly. ‘KS Hamilton’ (Reg. no. CV‐1188, PI 699003) hard red winter wheat was developed by the wheat breeding program at the Agricultural Research Center‐Hays, Kansas State University, and released by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2020. KS Hamilton was selected from a three‐way cross of KS08HW176‐4//‘Bill Brown’/KS08HW61‐2. It was released for the dryland production in western Kansas. KS Hamilton was developed using a modified bulk breeding method. KS Hamilton is an F6‐derived line and was tested in yield trials for 6 yr. KS Hamilton has an intermediate maturity and plant height and an average straw strength. It has moderate tolerance to grain shattering and good winterhardiness. KS Hamilton has high grain yield potential in western Kansas and a good disease resistance package, including resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus, stem rust, and Hessian fly; moderate resistance to Barley yellow dwarf virus; and intermediate resistance to stripe and leaf rusts. KS Hamilton has an average test weight and an above‐average baking quality.
Suicidal ideation and executive functioning in pediatric cancer
Authors: Sharkey Christina M. , Hardy Kristina K. , Gioia Anthony , Weisman Hannah , Walsh Karin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveNeurocognitive impairments and psychological distress are among the most common difficulties experienced by children treated for cancer. Elevated rates of suicidal ideation (SI) are documented among cancer survivors, and a link between neurocognitive deficits and SI is evident, yet the relationship between SI and pediatric cancer‐related neurocognitive effects has not yet been studied.Participants and MethodsParticipants were 166 pediatric cancer patients (57.8% Brain Tumor, 31.3% leukemia, 10.8% other cancers) aged 6‐23 (M = 11.57, SD = 3.82; 45.8% female) referred for neuropsychological surveillance. SI prevalence was measured by parent, teacher, or patient endorsement of self‐harm related items on informant‐report measures (e.g., the Child Behavior Checklist). Executive functioning (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function), ADHD symptoms (ADHD Rating Scale), and performance‐based measures were compared between those with SI and those without.Results17.5% of pediatric cancer patients experienced SI, of which 44.7% had self‐endorsement only, 58.5% parent‐endorsement only, 20.6% teacher‐endorsement only, and 24.1% had two endorsements. Those with SI had significantly greater impairments in global executive composite scores by both parent‐ and teacher‐report (ps < 0.05). Parents of children with SI endorsed significantly more inattention symptoms (M = 6.10, SD = 15.48) than those without SI (M = 50.56, SD = 8.70; p < 0.01), but hyperactivity symptoms did not differ. Intellectual and executive function performance did not differ between those with and without SI (ps > 0.1).ConclusionsAn elevated number of children treated for cancer experience SI and related neurocognitive problems. Screening for SI and further assessment of the connection between executive functioning and SI in pediatric cancer populations is needed.
The search for new herbicide mechanisms of action: Is there a ‘holy grail’?
Authors: Duke Stephen O , Dayan Franck E 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNew herbicide modes of action (MOAs) are in great demand because of the burgeoning evolution of resistance of weeds to existing commercial herbicides. This need has been exacerbated by the almost complete lack of introduction of herbicides with new MOAs for almost 40 years. There are many highly phytotoxic compounds with MOAs not represented by commercial herbicides, but neither these compounds nor structural analogues have been developed as herbicides for a variety of reasons. Natural products provide knowledge of many MOAs that are not being utilized by commercial herbicides. Other means of identifying new herbicide targets are discussed, including pharmaceutical target sites and metabolomic and proteomic information, as well as the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning to predict herbicidal compounds with new MOAs. Information about several newly discovered herbicidal compounds with new MOAs is summarized. The currently increased efforts of both established companies and start‐up companies are likely to result in herbicides with new MOAs that can be used in herbicide resistance management within the next decade. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Integrated data analysis making use of the total information from gas chromatography and high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry to identify qualitative differences between two whisky samples
Authors: Cody Robert B. , Fukudome Takao , Ubukata Masaaki 
Published: November 2021

RationaleAnalysis of complex mixtures with gas chromatography coupled with high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC/HRTOFMS) can produce a large amount of data. A new software program was recently reported that integrates all of the available mass spectrometric information from GC/HRTOFMS analysis into a concise report. New capabilities have now been added to the software to incorporate retention index data and to identify differences between two samples.MethodsTwo Scotch whisky samples were sampled by solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by GC/HRTOFMS. One of the two whisky samples (Sample B) was identical to the other sample (Sample A) except for an additional 6‐months storage in sherry casks. Both electron ionization (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) data were obtained using a new GC/TOFMS system (JEOL AccuTOF GC‐Alpha) with enhanced resolving power and mass accuracy. Statistical analysis of replicate measurements of the whisky samples was carried out with a new software program (msFineAnalysis version 3.2) to identify and assign differences between the samples.ResultsThere were 124 peaks detected in the two whiskies. Thirteen compounds were detected with a relative peak area greater than 0.05% that were present in greater amounts in the whisky that had been stored in sherry casks for an additional 6 months. Ten of these compounds were identified by the software with high confidence, two were identified as isomers with close retention indices, and one was identified interactively.ConclusionsThe software identified small differences between the two samples that resulted from sherry cask aging. Because all of the information available from the hard and soft ionization analyses for each compound is summarized in a concise integrated report, the operator can rapidly determine the level of confidence for each assignment and inspect the information for compounds that are not present in the database.
Robust fixed‐time connectivity preserving consensus of nonlinear multi‐agent systems with disturbance
Authors: Sun Fenglan , Wang Feng , Liu Peiyong , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article studies the fixed‐time tracking consensus of second‐order nonlinear multi‐agent systems with disturbance. To make the fixed‐time tracking consensus, a consensus protocol based on the integral sliding mode surface is proposed, which can ensure the adjacent agents remain within a limited communication range in the communication process. By adopting Lyapunov stability theory and matrix theory, sufficient conditions for the fixed‐time tracking consensus are given, and a bound of the settling time is obtained. Finally, a simulation example is presented to verify the potential correctness of the obtained results.
An Investigation on the Effect of Extended Conjugation on the Photophysical Properties of Graphene Quantum Dot‐Porphyrin Dyads
Authors: Pallikkara Athira , Sebastian Deepa , Ramakrishnan Kala 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNoncovalent dyads embodied with porphyrin (PPy) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were subjected to photophysical studies with the aim of a deep understanding on the electron transfer dynamics in such systems. Peculiarities of a single fluorophore seems to be inadequate in light harvesting materials for various applications which can be rectified by the method of co‐sensitization. In this work Tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and Tetranaphthylporphyrin (TNaP) have been utilized for the preparation of the nanohybrid systems to realize the effect of conjugation on the photophysical properties of these materials. The photophysical studies of these nanohybrids such as UV‐Visible spectra, Fluorescence emission spectra and Time‐correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) were carried out. Both the ground and excited state interaction studies indicate an effective association between the two components in these nanohybrids. The photoexcited porphyrin molecules behave as electron donors and GQDs as acceptors and the interaction studies show that the quenching of the porphyrin derivatives occurs through a combined static and dynamic quenching mechanism in the PPy‐GQD nanocomposites. Moreover the extended conjugation in naphthyl system exalted the binding with quantum dots through π‐π interaction and results in augmented electron transfer than that in phenyl nanocomposite. The higher non‐radiative rate constant from TCSPC authenticates the above results. Understanding the photodynamics of electrons in such systems is significant for their effective utilization and practical applications of these materials in light harvesting devices and photocatalysis.
A fossil fish assemblage from the middle Miocene of the Cocinetas Basin, northern Colombia
Authors: Ballen Gustavo A. , Jaramillo Carlos , Dagosta Fernando C. P. , de Pinna Mario C. C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFreshwater fossil fish faunas have long been used to infer past drainage connections, given that they are bounded by physical freshwater barriers. Here we study a middle Miocene (15.0–15.5 Ma) freshwater fish fossil fauna (Makaraipao) from the Castilletes Formation in northern Colombia, nowadays west of the Andes. We record the presence of lungfishes (Lepidosiren), pacus (Mylossoma and Piaractus), armoured catfishes (Callichthyidae), and red‐tail catfishes (Phractocephalus). Extant members of all those groups (except the Callichthyidae, due to lack of taxonomic resolution) are found in Amazonian faunas east of the Andes and are absent from faunas west of the Andes, indicating that the riverine systems of the Guajira Peninsula were connected to Amazonia during the middle Miocene. The similarity of La Venta (west of the Andes) and Rio Acre (east of the Andes) fish faunas during the late Miocene further indicates that the northern Andean uplift was not a complete barrier at least until c. 11 Ma. However, there is a continental‐wide structuring of the Miocene fish faunas that is also found in the extant faunas, suggesting that other factors such as ecological conditions, in addition to the uplift of the Andes, have shaped the biogeographic evolution of South American fish faunas.
A low-energy perspective on the minimal left-right symmetric model
Authors: Dekens W. , Andreoli L. , de Vries J. , Mereghetti E. , Oosterhof F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We perform a global analysis of the low-energy phenomenology of the minimal left-right symmetric model (mLRSM) with parity symmetry. We match the mLRSM to the Standard Model Effective Field Theory Lagrangian at the left-right-symmetry breaking scale and perform a comprehensive fit to low-energy data including mesonic, neutron, and nuclear β-decay processes, ∆F = 1 and ∆F = 2 CP-even and -odd processes in the bottom and strange sectors, and electric dipole moments (EDMs) of nucleons, nuclei, and atoms. We fit the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa and mLRSM parameters simultaneously and determine a lower bound on the mass of the right-handed WR boson. In models where a Peccei-Quinn mechanism provides a solution to the strong CP problem, we obtain $$ {M}_{W_R} $$

M

W
R

≳ 5.5 TeV at 95% C.L. which can be significantly improved with next-generation EDM experiments. In the P-symmetric mLRSM without a Peccei-Quinn mechanism we obtain a more stringent constraint $$ {M}_{W_R} $$

M

W
R

≳ 17 TeV at 95% C.L., which is difficult to improve with low-energy measurements alone. In all cases, the additional scalar fields of the mLRSM are required to be a few times heavier than the right-handed gauge bosons. We consider a recent discrepancy in tests of first-row unitarity of the CKM matrix. We find that, while TeV-scale WR bosons can alleviate some of the tension found in the Vud,us determinations, a solution to the discrepancy is disfavored when taking into account other low-energy observables within the mLRSM.
Hidden relations of central charges and OPEs in holographic CFT
Authors: Li Yue-Zhou , Lü H. , Ma Liang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It is known that the (a, c) central charges in four-dimensional CFTs are linear combinations of the three independent OPE coefficients of the stress-tensor three-point function. In this paper, we adopt the holographic approach using AdS gravity as an effect field theory and consider higher-order corrections up to and including the cubic Riemann tensor invariants. We derive the holographic central charges and OPE coefficients and show that they are invariant under the metric field redefinition. We further discover a hidden relation among the OPE coefficients that two of them can be expressed in terms of the third using differential operators, which are the unit radial vector and the Laplacian of a four-dimensional hyperbolic space whose radial variable is an appropriate length parameter that is invariant under the field redefinition. Furthermore, we prove that the consequential relation c = 1/3ℓeff∂a/∂ℓeff and its higher-dimensional generalization are valid for massless AdS gravity constructed from the most general Riemann tensor invariants.
Effect of Thermal Exposure Simulating Vapor Deposition on the Impact Behavior of Additively Manufactured AlSi10Mg Alloy
Authors: Lattanzi L. , Merlin M. , Fortini A. , Morri A. , Garagnani G. L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present work focuses on the evolution of hardness and impact toughness after thermal exposure at high temperatures of the AlSi10Mg alloy produced by selective laser melting. The thermal exposure simulated the vapor deposition of coatings on aluminum alloys. The aim is to assess the possibility of combining the ageing step of heat treatments and the deposition treatment. The alloy was aged at 160 and 180 °C for up to 4 hours, both directly and after an innovative rapid solution treatment. Direct ageing had no significant effects on the microstructure, showing an almost constant hardness trend. These results accord with the impact properties, which showed a negligible difference in the impact toughness of the direct aged and the as-built samples. The same ageing treatments performed after rapid solution treatment induced age hardening in the alloy. The hardness values were lower by 38% than those of the directly aged samples. The innovative solution treatment positively affected impact toughness, which increased by 185% compared to the directly aged material. These results highlight that the ageing step can be integrated with the vapor deposition process. Moreover, the heat treatment is suitable for components requiring high impact strength after coating.
A deep learning approach based hardware solution to categorise garbage in environment
Authors: Gupta Tanya , Joshi Rakshit , Mukhopadhyay Devarshi , Sachdeva Kartik , Jain Nikita , Virmani Deepali , Garcia-Hernandez Laura 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGarbage detection and disposal have become one of the major hassles in urban planning. Due to population influx in urban areas, the rate of garbage generation has increased exponentially along with garbage diversity. In this paper, we propose a hardware solution for garbage segregation at the base level based on deep learning architecture. The proposed deep-learning-based hardware solution SmartBin can segregate the garbage into biodegradable and non-biodegradable using Image classification through a Convolutional Neural Network System Architecture using a Real-time embedded system. Garbage detection via image classification aims for quick and efficient categorization of garbage present in the bin. However, this is an arduous task as garbage can be of any dimension, object, color, texture, unlike object detection of a particular entity where images of objects of that entity do share some similar characteristics and traits. The objective of this work is to compare the performance of various pre-trained Convolution Neural Network namely AlexNet, ResNet, VGG-16, and InceptionNet for garbage classification and test their working along with hardware components (PiCam, raspberry pi, infrared sensors, etc.) used for garbage detection in the bin. The InceptionNet Neural Network showed the best performance measure for the proposed model with an accuracy of 98.15% and a loss of 0.10 for the training set while it was 96.23% and 0.13 for the validation set.
Work-related online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
Authors: Kleinert Corinna , Zoch Gundula , Vicari Basha , Ehlert Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has made access to face-to-face learning opportunities—the most common form of adult learning—impossible. Many firms have scaled back their training investments due to economic uncertainty. One way to fill these gaps is through self-directed learning via the Internet. Learning opportunities via apps and online videos are available flexibly in terms of time and location. But can online learning substitute for the lack of face-to-face courses, especially in the workplace where constant skill updating becomes ever more important? We wanted to know if online learning opportunities were used more in the first months of the pandemic, and if so, for which purposes and by which groups. Using data from the Adult Cohort of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS-SC6) and a supplementary web survey conducted in May and June 2020, we show that the work-related use of online learning was stronger in these months than before the crisis. At the same time, however, educational inequalities in the use of such opportunities were larger than before the pandemic. Thus, the expansion of online learning seems to benefit highly educated workers rather than educationally disadvantaged groups.
Increase in maize yield and soil aggregate-associated carbon in North China due to long-term conservation tillage
Authors: Shen Ying , Zhang Tingting , Cui Jichao , Chen Siyu , Han Huifang , Ning Tangyuan 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe North China Plain (NCP) is an important agricultural area, where conventional tillage (CT) is used year-round. However, long-term CT has damaged the soil structure, threatening agricultural sustainability. Since 2002, we have conducted a long-term tillage experiment in the NCP to explore the effects of different types of tillage on soil and crop yield. As part of long-term conservation tillage, we conducted a 2-year study in 2016/2017 to determine the impact of no tillage (NT), subsoiling (SS), rotary tillage (RT) and CT on soil aggregate distribution, aggregate-associated organic carbon (AOC), aggregate-associated microbial biomass carbon (AMBC), and maize yield. Compared to CT, NT increased the content of macro-aggregates (+4.8%), aggregate-AOC (+8.3%), and aggregate-AMBC (+18.3%), but decreased maize yield (−11.5%). SS increased the contents of macro-aggregates (+5%), aggregate-AOC (+14.7%), and aggregate-AMBC (+16%); although the yield increase was not significant (+0.22%), it had the highest economic benefit among the four tillage measures. RT had no significant advantage when considering the above soil variables; moreover, it reduced maize yield by 16.1% compared with CT. Overall, SS is a suitable tillage measure to improve soil macro-aggregate content, carbon content, yield, and economic benefit in the NCP area.
Knowledge and the brain: Why the knowledge-centric theory of mind program needs neuroscience
Authors: Bricker Adam Michael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The knowledge-centric theory of mind research program suggested by Phillips et al. stands to gain significant value by embracing a neurocognitive approach that takes full advantage of techniques such as fMRI and EEG. This neurocognitive approach has already begun providing important insights into the mechanisms of knowledge attribution, insights which support the claim that it is more basic than belief attribution.