bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Gas-Liquid Flow Using Electrical Resistance Tomography and Wavelet Analysis Techniques for Early Kick Detection
Authors: Barooah Abinash , Khan Muhammad Saad , Rahman Mohammad Azizur , Hasan Abu Rashid , Manikonda Kaushik , Abdelrazeq Motasem , Sleiti Ahmad Khalaf , El-Naas Muftah , Hascakir Berna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Gas kick is a well control problem and is defined as the sudden influx of formation gas into the wellbore. This sudden influx, if not controlled, may lead to a blowout problem. An accidental spark during a blowout can lead to a catastrophic oil or gas fire. This makes early gas kick detection crucial to minimize the possibility of a blowout. The conventional kick detection methods such as the pit gain and flow rate method have very low sensitivity and are time-consuming. Therefore, it is required to identify an alternative kick detection method that could provide real-time readings with higher sensitivity. In this study, Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) and dynamic pressure techniques have been used to investigate the impact of various operating parameters on gas volume fraction and pressure fluctuation for early kick detection. The experiments were conducted on a horizontal flow loop of 6.16 m with an annular diameter ratio of 1.8 for Newtonian fluid (Water) with varying pipe inclination angle (0–10°) and annulus eccentricity (0–30%), liquid flow rate (165–265 kg/min), and air input pressure (1–2 bar). The results showed that ERT is a promising tool for the measurement of in-situ gas volume fraction. It was observed that the liquid flow rate, air input pressure and inclination has a much bigger impact on gas volume fraction whereas eccentricity does not have a significant influence. An increase in the liquid flow rate and eccentricity by 60% and 30% decreased the gas volume fraction by an average of 32.8% and 5.9% respectively, whereas an increase in the inclination by 8° increased the gas volume fraction by an average 42%. Moreover, it was observed that the wavelet analysis of the pressure fluctuations has good efficacy for real-time kick detection. Therefore, this study will help provide a better understanding of the gas-liquid flow and potentially provide an alternative method for early kick detection.
Three-Dimensional Effects on Slamming Loads
Authors: Wang Shan , Guedes Soares C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Three-dimensional effects on slamming loads predictions of a ship section are investigated numerically using the unsteady incompressible Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and volume of fluid (VOF) method, which are implemented in interDyMFoam solver in open-source library OpenFoam. A convergence and uncertainty study is performed considering different resolutions and constant Courant number (CFL) following the ITTC guidelines. The numerical solutions are validated through comparisons of slamming loads and motions between the CFD simulations and the available experimental values. The total slamming force and slamming pressures on a 2D ship section and the 3D model are compared and discussed. Three-dimensional effects on the sectional force and the pressures are quantified both in transverse and longitudinal directions of the body considering various entry velocities. The non-dimensional pressure coefficient distribution on the 3D model is presented.
Analysis of Square Wave Characteristic Based on Viscous Flow CFD
Authors: Wu Yuanhao , Liu Liwei , Wang Luqun , Ma Yongyan , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
When two waves in different directions meet due to different weather patterns, a cross wave pattern will be generated, which will finally result in the spread of square waves on the sea surface. The emergence of square waves will threaten the navigation performance of a ship and may lead to capsizing of a ship in severe cases. In this paper, the numerical square wave tank is developed by using the in-house CFD software HUST-Ship. In the process of simulation, by means of solving the unsteady RANS equation of incompressible fluid, the analytical solution of the corresponding regular wave is generated at the inlet boundary, and the free surface is captured by level-set method. Square wave is generated by superimposing two vertical regular waves with the same wave length, wave height and phase. Through analyzing the CFD model of square wave, the uncertainty analysis of wave height and length are performed. The verification and validation procedures of grid and time-step are performed to ensure the credibility of simulation results. Moreover, a detecting point is set at the origin to get the time history curve of the wave height. The linear solution and second-order Stokes solution of waves are used to fit the wave height time-history curve respectively.
Advanced Reservoir Monitoring Technologies for IOR/EOR: An Overview
Authors: Al-Qasim Abdulaziz S. , Kokal Sunil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Monitoring and surveillance (M&S) is one of the key requisites for assessing the effectiveness and success of any Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) or Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) project. These projects can include waterflooding, gas flooding, chemical injection, or any other types. It will help understand, track, monitor and predict the injectant plume migration, flow paths, and breakthrough times. The M&S helps in quantifying the performance of the IOR/EOR project objectives. It provides a good understanding of the remaining oil saturation (ROS) and its distribution in the reservoir during and after the flood.
A comprehensive and advanced monitoring and surveillance (M&S) program has to be developed for any given IOR/EOR project. The best practices of any such M&S program should include conventional, advanced and emerging novel technologies for wellbore and inter-well measurements. These include advanced time-lapse pulsed neutron, resistivity, diffusion logs, and bore-hole gravity measurements, cross-well geophysical measurements, water and gas tracers, geochemical, compositional and soil gas analyses, and 4D seismic and surface gravity measurements.
The data obtained from the M&S program provide a better understanding of the reservoir dynamics and can be used to refine the reservoir simulation model and fine tune its parameters. This presentation reviews some proven best practices and draw examples from on-going projects and related novel technologies being deployed. We will then look at the new horizon for advanced M&S technologies.
Numerical Simulation of ONRT Turning Motion in Regular Waves
Authors: Ye Bin , Yu Jiawei , Liu Liwei , Wang Qing , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Numerically simulating a ship with six-degrees-of-freedom response motions of an unsteady maneuver in a wave environment is very important in seakeeping characteristics of ship design. This paper presents the simulation studies of the turning motion in regular waves of the ONRT model. Numerical simulations were performed using viscous CFD code HUST-Ship to solve the RANS equation coupled with six degrees of freedom (6DOF) solid body motion equations and dynamic overset grids designed for ship hydrodynamics. RANS equations are solved by the finite difference method (FDM) and PISO arithmetic. The level-set method is used to simulate the free surface flow. Before the turning circle simulation, a V&V study is conducted for the total towed resistance. The real propeller was replaced by a description body force method in the process of turning motion. The constant rate of the revolution was applied throughout the simulation. The rotation of the propeller corresponds to the self-propulsion point of the model speed. The control of rudders was controlled by the following autopilot. The maximum rudder rate was assigned to 35.0 [deg/s]. The ship was released when a wave crest is passing the midship. The study focused on the parameters of the trajectories for turning circle, roll, pitch, velocity, etc, it is helpful to judge the influence of the wave on the turning motion. The simulation results match well with test data from IIHR.
Model Test of a Novel Floating Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Under Wind and Wave Joint Loads
Authors: Zheng Hua-Dong , Zheng Xiang Yuan , Lei Yu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recently a floating vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) concept that integrates a VAWT with a steel fishing cage has been developed by leading authors. In order to fathom the kinetic characteristics and performance of this floater under wind and wave joint loads, a series of model tests have been carried out in the ocean basin located at Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School. The wind generation system of this facility allows turbulent wind to be produced such that examination of wind-wave joint actions can be extended to a number of stochastic scenarios. With a scale of 1/40th, the physical models of the floating VAWT and the platform of a steel fishing cage are introduced first. Details are also given to instrumentations and measurement methods. Then, thrust-wind speed tests, free-decay tests, and basin wind-wave tests are respectively carried out to probe the primary dynamic performance of the floating system. The second-order hydrodynamic effects are observed in tests, but they play a secondary role in the response of VAWTs as compared to aerodynamic effects. The aerodynamic loads can induce the obvious low-frequency response at surge and pitch eigen-frequencies, while for heave motion response its contribution is smaller. Additionally, test results reveal that third-per-revolution (3P) effects are insignificant in the platform’s surge, pitch and heave dynamic responses.
Dynamic Response and Flow Field Variation of a Floating Collar Under Extreme Wave Condition Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Yu Songchen , Li Peng , Qin Hongde , Xu Lingyun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An innovation in aquaculture fisheries around the world is in progress. More and more fish cages have been put into use to meet the needs of human for protein. However, the fish cage shows violent dynamic response and structural destruction while suffering to unpredictable marine environment. As the main component of the cage, floating collar plays an important role in providing buoyancy and ensuring the shape of cage. Thus, the dynamic response of the floating collar and the variation of flow field around the floating collar under extreme wave condition were studied in this paper. Referring to the previous literature, considering the motion form of the floating collar under waves, only the heave and pitch motions of the floating collar were obtained. Results obtained by Computational Fluid Dynamics method were compared with that obtained by potential flow theory. We found that the viscosity of the water has greater influence on heave motion of the floating collar rather than the pitch motion. At the same time, the flow field surrounding the floating collar was analyzed, and an overtopping phenomenon on both sides of the floating collar along the wave propagation direction was observed when the wave was passing through the floating collar.
Incidentally identified coronary artery calcium on non-contrast CT scan of the chest predicts major adverse cardiac events among hospital inpatients
Authors: Yu Christopher , Ng Austin C C , Ridley Lloyd , Anjaria Mekhala , Meier Silvan , Yiannikas John , Kritharides Leonard , Naoum Christopher 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundCoronary artery calcium (CAC) identified on non-gated CT scan of the chest is predictive of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in multiple studies with guidelines therefore recommending the routine reporting of incidental CAC. These studies have been limited however to the outpatient setting. We aimed to determine the prognostic utility of incidentally identified CAC on CT scan of the chest among hospital inpatients.Methods and resultsConsecutive patients (n=740) referred for inpatient non-contrast CT scan of the chest at a tertiary referral hospital (January 2011 to March 2017) were included (n=280) if they had no known history of coronary artery disease, active malignancy or died within 30 days of admission. Scans were assessed for the presence of CAC by visual assessment and quantified by Agatston scoring. Median age was 69 years (IQR: 54–82) and 51% were male with a median CAC score of 7 (IQR 0–205). MACE occurred in 140 (50%) patients at 3.5 years median follow-up including 98 deaths. Half of all events occurred within 18 months. Visible CAC was associated with increased MACE (HR) 6.0 (95% CI: 3.7 to 9.7) compared with patients with no visible CAC. This finding persisted after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors HR 2.4 (95% CI: 1.3 to 4.3) and with both absolute CAC score and CAC score ≥50th percentile.ConclusionIncidental CAC identified on CT scan of the chest among hospital inpatients provides prognostic information that is independent of cardiovascular risk factors. These patients may benefit from aggressive risk factor modification given the high event rate in the short term.
Impaired autonomic function after incomplete revascularisation
Authors: Armstrong Richard , Wheen Peter , Brandon Lisa , Finucane Ciarán , Kenny Rose Anne , Maree Andrew 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionIncomplete cardiac revascularisation (ICR) assessed by residual SYNTAX score (rSs) is associated with increased 5-year mortality. Furthermore, in the general population, our group has demonstrated that impaired autonomic function determined by heart rate recovery time between 10 and 20 s (HRR10–20) following an active stand is associated with increased all-cause mortality.PurposeWe hypothesised that ICR would be associated with impaired autonomic function determined by HRR10–20.MethodsAfter ethical approval and informed consent, consecutive patients attending cardiac rehabilitation in a tertiary referral centre were enrolled. All patients had percutaneous coronary revascularisation. During an active stand, real-time heart rate, blood pressure and ECG recordings were taken using non-invasive digital photoplethysmography and HRR10–20determined. Assessment of autonomic function was performed by determining speed of HRR10–20post-orthostatic challenge.Patients with an rSs >0 were considered incompletely revascularised and those with an rSs of 0 fully revascularised. Demographic data were recorded and statistical analysis performed.ResultsPatients (n=53) comprised those with complete revascularisation (CR) (n=37) and ICR (n=16). In the ICR group, mean rSs was 9.4.HRR10–20was impaired in the ICR group (−3±0.60) compared with the CR cohort (−6.56±0.52) (p<0.0001). Completeness of revascularisation was strongly associated with HRR10–20(Pearson’s correlation coefficient 0.529; p<0.0001). Baseline demographics did not differ significantly. Use of rate-limiting medication was similar between cohorts (beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ivabradine).ConclusionsOur data confirm significant correlation between ICR and impaired autonomic function determined by speed of heart rate recovery. Thus, determining autonomic dysfunction post-ICR may identify those at increased mortality risk.
Liraglutide Decreases Liver Fat Content and Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels in Newly Diagnosed Overweight Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Li Xinyue , Wu Xiaojuan , Jia Yumei , Fu Jing , Zhang Lin , Jiang Tao , Liu Jia , Wang Guang 
Published: October 2021

Purposes. In this study, we aimed to verify plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) elevation in newly diagnosed overweight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to evaluate the effectiveness of liraglutide on reducing liver fat content and serum (FGF21) levels in those patients. Methods. A 12-week, single-center, prospective study was conducted. Twenty newly diagnosed overweight patients with T2DM and NAFLD were recruited. Twenty healthy age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) matched subjects were enrolled as the control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum FGF21 levels. Liver fat content was determined using the 3.0 T whole-body MRI scanner. Results. Those newly diagnosed overweight patients with T2DM and NAFLD had a BMI of

27.6
±
0.5

kg/m2. They had higher levels of FGF21 (

159.6
±
35.7

vs.

124.1
±
42.9

pg/ml,

P
<
0.001

) and increased liver fat content (

19.3
±
9.4

vs.

4.5
±
0.6

%,

P
<
0.001

) compared to the controls. Liraglutide treatment for 12 weeks induced a significant 4.9 kg weight loss (95% confidence interval (CI): -6.1, -3.7,

P
<
0.001

), which was equivalent to a relative reduction of 6.8% (95% CI: 5.3%, 8.3%,

P
<
0.001

). FGF21 levels decreased after the 12-week liraglutide treatment (

159.6
±
35.7

vs.

124.2
±
27.8

pg/ml,

P
=
0.006

). There was a positive correlation between relative changes of liver fat content and relative change of FGF21 (

r
=
0.645

,

P
=
0.002

). FGF21 levels significantly decreased in patients who had a significant decrease in liver fat content (≥29%) (95% CI: -262.8, -55.1,

P
=
0.006

); however, there was no significant change in the patients without a significant decrease in liver fat content (<29%) (95% CI: -60.0, 54.1,

P
=
0.899

). Conclusions. Liraglutide treatment reduced both liver fat content and FGF21 levels in newly diagnosed overweight patients with T2DM and NAFLD. FGF21 may be a potential biomarker for evaluating the effects of liraglutide treatment on hepatic fat and glucose metabolism.
Detection of cardiac arrhythmia using deep CNN and optimized SVM
Authors: Mohebbanaaz Mohebbanaaz , Sai Y. Padma , Kumari L. V. Rajani 
Published: October 2021

<span>Deep learning (DL) <span>has become a topic of study in various applications, including healthcare. Detection of abnormalities in an electrocardiogram (ECG) plays a significant role in patient monitoring. It is noted that a deep neural network when trained on huge data, can easily detect cardiac arrhythmia. This may help cardiologists to start treatment as early as possible. This paper proposes a new deep learning model adapting the concept of transfer learning to extract deep-CNN features and facilitates automated classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) into sixteen types of ECG beats using an optimized support vector machine (SVM). The proposed strategy begins with gathering ECG datasets, removal of noise from ECG signals, and extracting beats from denoised ECG signals. Feature extraction is done using ResNet18 via concept of transfer learning. These extracted features are classified using optimized SVM. These methods are evaluated and tested on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Our proposed model is effective compared to all State of Art Techniques with an accuracy of 98.70%.</span></span>
Cysteine‐Rich Angiogenic Inducer 61 Improves Prognostic Accuracy of GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) 2.0 Risk Score in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Klingenberg Roland , Aghlmandi Soheila , Räber Lorenz , Akhmedov Alexander , Gencer Baris , Carballo David , Nanchen David , Bucher Heiner C. , Rodondi Nicolas , Mach François , Windecker Stephan , Landmesser Ulf , von Eckardstein Arnold , Hamm Christian W. , Lüscher Thomas F. , Matter Christian M. 
Published: October 2021

Background
It remains unclear whether the novel biomarker cysteine‐rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CCN1) adds incremental prognostic value to the GRACE 2.0 (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) risk score and biomarkers high‐sensitivity Troponin T, hsCRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein), and NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) in patients with acute coronary syndromes.

Methods and Results

Patients referred for coronary angiography with a primary diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes were enrolled in the Special Program University Medicine – Acute Coronary Syndromes and Inflammation cohort. The primary/secondary end points were 30‐day/1‐year all‐cause mortality and the composite of all‐cause mortality or myocardial infarction as used in the GRACE risk score. Associations between biomarkers and outcome were assessed using log‐transformed biomarker values and the GRACE risk score (versions 1.0 and 2.0). The incremental value of CCN1 beyond a reference model was assessed using Harrell’s C‐statistics calculated from a Cox proportional‐hazard model. The
P
value of the C‐statistics was derived from a likelihood ratio test. Among 2168 patients recruited, 1732 could be analyzed. CCN1 was the strongest single predictor of all‐cause mortality at 30 days (hazard ratio [HR], 1.77 [1.31, 2.40]) and 1 year (HR, 1.81 [1.47, 2.22]). Adding CCN1 alone to the GRACE 2.0 risk score improved C‐statistics for prognostic accuracy of all‐cause mortality at 30 days (0.87–0.88) and 1 year (0.81–0.82) and when combined with high‐sensitivity Troponin T, hsCRP, NT‐proBNP for 30 days (0.87–0.91), and for 1‐year follow‐up (0.81–0.84). CCN1 also increased the prognostic value for the composite of all‐cause mortality or myocardial infarction.

Conclusions
CCN1 predicts adverse outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes adding incremental information to the GRACE risk score, suggesting distinct underlying molecular mechanisms.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01000701.
Health Care Policy and Congenital Heart Disease: 2020 Focus on Our 2030 Future
Authors: Chowdhury Devyani , Johnson Jonathan N. , Baker‐Smith Carissa M. , Jaquiss Robert D. B. , Mahendran Arjun K. , Curren Valerie , Bhat Aarti , Patel Angira , Marshall Audrey C. , Fuller Stephanie , Marino Bradley S. , Fink Christina M. , Lopez Keila N. , Frank Lowell H. , Ather Mishaal , Torentinos Natalie , Kranz Olivia , Thorne Vivian , Davies Ryan R. , Berger Stuart , Snyder Christopher , Saidi Arwa , Shaffer Kenneth 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The congenital heart care community faces a myriad of public health issues that act as barriers toward optimum patient outcomes. In this article, we attempt to define advocacy and policy initiatives meant to spotlight and potentially address these challenges. Issues are organized into the following 3 key facets of our community: patient population, health care delivery, and workforce. We discuss the social determinants of health and health care disparities that affect patients in the community that require the attention of policy makers. Furthermore, we highlight the many needs of the growing adults with congenital heart disease and those with comorbidities, highlighting concerns regarding the inequities in access to cardiac care and the need for multidisciplinary care. We also recognize the problems of transparency in outcomes reporting and the promising application of telehealth. Finally, we highlight the training of providers, measures of productivity, diversity in the workforce, and the importance of patient–family centered organizations in advocating for patients. Although all of these issues remain relevant to many subspecialties in medicine, this article attempts to illustrate the unique needs of this population and highlight ways in which to work together to address important opportunities for change in the cardiac care community and beyond. This article provides a framework for policy and advocacy efforts for the next decade.