bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional biogeography of Neotropical moist forests: Trait–climate relationships and assembly patterns of tree communities
Authors: Pinho Bruno X. , Tabarelli Marcelo , ter Braak Cajo J. F. , Wright S. Joseph , Arroyo‐Rodríguez Víctor , Benchimol Maíra , Engelbrecht Bettina M. J. , Pierce Simon , Hietz Peter , Santos Bráulio A. , Peres Carlos A. , Müller Sandra C. , Wright Ian J. , Bongers Frans , Lohbeck Madelon , Niinemets Ülo , Slot Martijn , Jansen Steven , Jamelli Davi , de Lima Renato A. F. , Swenson Nathan , Condit Richard , Barlow Jos , Slik Ferry , Hernández‐Ruedas Manuel A. , Mendes Gabriel , Martínez‐Ramos Miguel , Pitman Nigel , Kraft Nathan , Garwood Nancy , Guevara Andino Juan Ernesto , Faria Deborah , Chacón‐Madrigal Eduardo , Mariano‐Neto Eduardo , Júnior Valdecir , Kattge Jens , Melo Felipe P. L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimHere we examine the functional profile of regional tree species pools across the latitudinal distribution of Neotropical moist forests, and test trait–climate relationships among local communities. We expected opportunistic strategies (acquisitive traits, small seeds) to be overrepresented in species pools further from the equator, but also in terms of abundance in local communities in currently wetter, warmer and more seasonal climates.LocationNeotropics.Time periodRecent.Major taxa studiedTrees.MethodsWe obtained abundance data from 471 plots across nine Neotropical regions, including c. 100,000 trees of 3,417 species, in addition to six functional traits. We compared occurrence‐based trait distributions among regional species pools, and evaluated single trait–climate relationships across local communities using community abundance‐weighted means (CWMs). Multivariate trait–climate relationships were assessed by a double‐constrained correspondence analysis that tests both how CWMs relate to climate and how species distributions, parameterized by niche centroids in climate space, relate to their traits.ResultsRegional species pools were undistinguished in functional terms, but opportunistic strategies dominated local communities further from the equator, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Climate explained up to 57% of the variation in CWM traits, with increasing prevalence of lower‐statured, light‐wooded and softer‐leaved species bearing smaller seeds in more seasonal, wetter and warmer climates. Species distributions were significantly but weakly related to functional traits.Main conclusionsNeotropical moist forest regions share similar sets of functional strategies, from which local assembly processes, driven by current climatic conditions, select for species with different functional strategies. We can thus expect functional responses to climate change driven by changes in relative abundances of species already present regionally. Particularly, equatorial forests holding the most conservative traits and large seeds are likely to experience the most severe changes if climate change triggers the proliferation of opportunistic tree species.
Kali Age Crisis as Jaina‐Brahmana conflict: A contribution to Indian Feudalism debate
Authors: Rao Nagendra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper reviews and reinterprets the representation of the Kali Age Crisis as the reflection of feudalism, thus analyzing the feudalism debate. It substantiates the argument that the Kali Age Crisis did not represent feudalism. The apprehension of Brahmanas regarding the Kali Age did not emerge from political decentralization. It was the result of the competition from Jainism, particularly in south India. The Brahmanas were wary of the Jainas consuming a major share of the state patronage, thereby depriving the Brahmanas of the material resources, which they aimed to monopolize.
Short‐term scheduling with machine calibration
Authors: Xu Dehua , Xu Zhijun , Xu Limin , Yu Xianyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn most of the past research on scheduling, it is conventional to model machine deterioration by decreasing production speed over time. However, as is observed, there is a fair number of scenarios in practice where deterioration has a little impact on machine speed but a great impact on production accuracy and a machine is unusable unless it has been calibrated recently. In this paper, we consider a single‐machine short‐term scheduling issue in distributed production systems where the engineer calibrates the machines in a round‐robin manner. The objective is to minimize total job completion time, which is a popular criterion indicating total holding or inventory cost. We consider two cases of the problem and show that one of them can be solved optimally by providing an extended shortest processing time first rule. As for the other case, which is intractable, we propose a polynomial‐time approximation scheme based on the extended rule and an exchange procedure. Computational experiments show that the proposed polynomial‐time approximation scheme is very promising even if limited number of exchangeable jobs is allowed.
Herd solutions from genetic evaluations can be used as a tool to rescale the expected expression of genetic potential in cattle
Authors: Kenny David , Sleator Roy D. , Murphy Craig P. , Evans Ross D. , Berry Donagh P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine whether response to selection for carcass weight (CW), conformation (CC) and fat (CF), and the association between heterosis and carcass performance varied by herd environment in cattle. Following edits, carcass information was available for 4,616,761 cattle, of which the majority were some crossbred combination of the following breeds: Angus, Aubrac, Belgian Blue, Blonde d’Aquitaine, Charolais, Hereford, Holstein‐Friesian, Jersey, Limousin, Saler, Shorthorn and Simmental. Herd environment was defined separately for each carcass trait using herd solutions outputted from carcass trait genetic evaluations. A total of 3,859 herds were stratified, for each trait, into one of five strata based on their corresponding percentile herd solution rank, with the response to selection and the effect of heterosis then estimated within each stratum. The response in CW and CC from selection on the respective estimated breeding values (EBV) increased between the lowest (0.71 kg and 0.89 CC score increase per unit increase in the respective EBV) and highest (0.99 kg and 1.25 CC score increase per unit increase in the respective EBV) corresponding herd stratum. The response in CF from selection on CF EBV, however, reduced between the lowest and highest CF herd stratum (respective increases of 0.93 and 0.83 CF scores per unit increase in CF EBV). In addition, the effect of a unit increase in heterosis coefficient on CW, CC and CF also varied by herd stratum. Furthermore, results (i.e. the area under relative operating characteristic curves) from the present study demonstrated that the response to selection and heterosis effects estimated for the different herd stratum can be used, along with EBVs and the herd solutions themselves, to improve the accuracy of phenotypic predictions. Results from the present study could help producers to make more informed breeding decisions that are bespoke to their herd.
Verapamil inhibits early acute liver failure through suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Authors: Han Mingying , Li Shouzhou , Li Lanrong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAcute liver failure (ALF) is a rare disease characterized by the sudden onset of serious hepatic injury, as manifested by a profound liver dysfunction and hepatic encephalopathy in patients without prior liver disease. In this paper, we aim to investigate whether verapamil, an antagonist of TXNIP, inhibits early ALF through suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Firstly, an ALF mouse model was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D‐galactosamine (GalN) treatment. The optimal concentration of verapamil in treating early ALF mice was determined followed by investigation on its mechanism in LPS/GalN‐induced liver injury. Western blot analysis and co‐immunoprecipitation were performed to determine the activation of the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Subsequently, overexpression of NLRP3 in mouse liver was induced by transfection with AAV‐NRLP3 in vivo and in vitro to identity whether verapamil inhibited early ALF through suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. We found that ALF was induced by LPS/GalN in mice but was alleviated by verapamil through a mechanism that correlated with suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response were induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS/GalN, but alleviated with injection of verapamil. Overexpression of NLRP3 via AAV in mouse liver in vivo and in vitro reduced the therapeutic effect of verapamil on LPS/GalN‐induced ALF. Taken together, the TXNIP antagonist verapamil could inhibit activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, inflammatory responses and oxidative stress to alleviate LPS/GalN‐induced ALF.
Organoid models of the tumor microenvironment and their applications
Authors: Xia Tao , Du Wen‐Lin , Chen Xiao‐Yi , Zhang You‐Ni 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA small percentage of data obtained from animal/2D culture models can be translated to humans. Therefore, there is a need to using native tumour microenvironment mimicking models to improve preclinical screening and reduce this attrition rate. For this purpose, currently, the utilization of organoids is expanding. Tumour organoids can recapitulate tumour microenvironment that is including cancer cells and non‐neoplastic host components. Indeed, tumour organoids, both phenotypically and genetically, resemble the tumour tissue that originated from it. The unique properties of the tumour microenvironment can significantly affect drug response and cancer progression. In this review, we will discuss about various organoid culture strategies for modelling the tumour immune microenvironment, their applications and advantages in cancer research such as testing cancer immunotherapeutics, developing novel approaches for personalized medicine, testing drug toxicity, drug screening, study cancer initiation and progression, and we will also review the limitations of organoid culture systems.
MRI quantitative susceptibility mapping of the substantia nigra as an early biomarker for Lewy body disease
Authors: Chen Qin , Boeve Bradley F. , Forghanian‐Arani Arvin , Senjem Matthew L. , Jack Clifford R. , Przybelski Scott A. , Lesnick Timothy G. , Kremers Walter K. , Fields Julie A. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Trzasko Joshua D. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Savica Rodolfo , Knopman David S. , Dickson Dennis W. , Ferman Tanis J. , Graff‐Radford Neill , Petersen Ronald C. , Kantarci Kejal 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeNeurodegeneration of the substantia nigra in Lewy body disease is associated with iron deposition, which increases the magnetic susceptibility of the substantia nigra on MRI. Our objective was to measure iron deposition in the substantia nigra in patients with probable dementia with Lewy bodies (pDLB) and patients who are at risk for pDLB by quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).MethodsParticipants included pDLB (n = 36), mild cognitive impairment with at least one core feature of DLB (MCI‐LB; n = 15), idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD; n = 11), and an age‐and gender‐matched clinically unimpaired control group (n = 102). QSM was derived from multi‐echo 3D gradient recalled echo MRI at 3T, and groups were compared on mean susceptibility values of the substantia nigra and its relation to parkinsonism severity.ResultsPatients with pDLB had higher susceptibility in the substantia nigra compared to controls (p< 0.001) and MCI‐LB (p = 0.043). The susceptibility of substantia nigra showed an increasing trend from controls to iRBD and MCI‐LB, and to pDLB (p< 0.001). Parkinsonism severity was not associated with the mean susceptibility in the substantia nigra in the patient groups.ConclusionsOur data suggested that QSM is sensitive to the increased magnetic susceptibility due to higher iron content in the substantia nigra in pDLB. The trend of increasing susceptibility from controls to iRBD and MCI‐LB, and to pDLB suggests that iron deposition in the substantia nigra starts to increase as early as the prodromal stage in DLB and continues to increase as the disease progresses, independent of parkinsonism severity.
Limited implication of initial bone scintigraphy on long‐term condylar bone change in temporomandibular disorders—Comparison with cone beam computed tomography at 1 year
Authors: Jo Jung Hwan , Bae Sungwoo , Gil Joonhyung , Oh Dongkyu , Park Seoeun , Cheon Gi Jeong , Park Ji Woon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe current diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) do not require imaging for the diagnosis of degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyle, and there is a lack of data investigating the effectiveness of imaging modalities in predicting long‐term TMJ DJD prognosis.ObjectivesTo verify the association between initial bone scintigraphy results and long‐term DJD bone changes occurring in the TMJ condyle on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).MethodsInitial bone scintigraphy, panoramic radiography and CBCT results were analysed in relation to long‐term (12 months) TMJ DJD bone change on CBCTs in 55 TMD patients (110 joints). Clinical and radiographic indices were statistically analysed among three groups (improved, no change, and worsened) based on long‐term TMJ DJD prognosis calculated by destructive change index (DCI).ResultsNeither the uptake ratio nor visual assessment results from initial bone scintigraphy showed a significant difference according to long‐term condylar bone change groups. The cut‐off value of bone scintigraphy uptake ratio was 2.53 for long‐term worsening of TMJ DJD. Worsening of TMJ DJD was significantly associated with the diagnosis based on panoramic radiography (p = .011) and CBCT (p < .001). Initial DCI (β = −.291, p = .046) had a significant association with long‐term worsening of TMJ DJD.ConclusionInitial bone scintigraphy results did not show sufficiently close associations with long‐term TMJ DJD prognosis. This should be considered in the selection process of imaging modalities for TMJ DJD patients. Future studies are needed to develop prognostic indices that comprise both clinical and imaging contents for improved predictive ability.
The 1‐year continuation rate and discontinuation factors of vibegron and mirabegron: A retrospective comparative study in a rehabilitation hospital in Japan
Authors: Mukai Shigeto , Nomi Masashi , Yamada Shogo , Yanagiuchi Akihiro , Sengoku Atsushi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the 1‐year continuation rate and discontinuation factors between vibegron and mirabegron in patients with neurogenic and nonneurogenic overactive bladder.MethodsContinuation or discontinuation of the target drugs and reasons for discontinuation as well as patients' grounds and adverse effects were evaluated retrospectively from the medical records between September 2018 and December 2020. After selecting patients according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 180 cases taking mirabegron and 132 taking vibegron were adjusted for intergroup variability by propensity score matching. We performed Cox proportional hazards regression for the 1‐year continuation rate and Fine‐Gray proportional hazards regression for the 1‐year cumulative incidence of discontinuation events. Subgroup analysis was also performed for the background factors related to the 1‐year continuation rate.ResultsThe 1‐year continuation rate was 83.8% for vibegron and 58.2% for mirabegron, and the hazard ratio was 0.32 (95% CI: 0.18‐0.57, P < .001) as for an incidence of discontinuation events of vibegron against mirabegron. The incidence of discontinuation due to an inadequate efficacy was 8.7% for vibegron and 29.1% for mirabegron, and similarly the hazard ratio was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.12‐0.55, P < .001). The subgroup analysis indicated a similar tendency in each subgroup except for that of catheterization, and there was no significant interaction between the groups.ConclusionsIt is suggested that vibegron is superior to mirabegron in the continuity of administration in neurogenic and nonneurogenic overactive bladder populations without catheterization with fewer discontinuations due to inadequate efficacy.
Taxon sampling and alternative hypotheses of relationships in the euphyllophyte plexus that gave rise to seed plants: insights from an Early Devonian radiatopsid
Authors: Toledo Selin , Bippus Alexander C. , Atkinson Brian A. , Bronson Allison W. , Tomescu Alexandru M. F. 
Published: May 2021

Summary

An abrupt transition in the fossil record separates Early Devonian euphyllophytes with a simple structure from a broad diversity of structurally complex Middle–Late Devonian plants. Morphological evolution and phylogeny across this transition are poorly understood due to incomplete sampling of the fossil record. We document a new Early Devonian radiatopsid and integrate it in analyses addressing euphyllophyte relationships.

Anatomically preserved Emsian fossils (402–394 Ma) from the Battery Point Formation (Gaspé, Quebec, Canada) are studied in serial sections. The phylogenetic analysis is based on a matrix of 31 taxa and 50 characters emphasising vegetative morphology (41 discrete, nine continuous).

The new plant, Kenrickia bivena gen. et sp. nov., is one of very few structurally complex euphyllophytes documented in the Early Devonian. Inclusion of Kenrickia overturns previously established phylogenetic relationships among Radiatopses, reiterating the need for increased density of Early Devonian taxon sampling. Kenrickia is recovered as the sister lineage to all other radiatopsids, a clade in which paraphyletic Stenokoleales led to a lignophyte clade where archaeopterids and seed plants fall into sister clades.

Our results shed light on early euphyllophyte relationships and evolution, indicating early exploration of structural complexity by multiple lineages and reiterating the potential of a single origin of secondary growth in euphyllophytes.
Pre‐surgical radiographic and clinical features as predictors for temporomandibular joint discectomy prognosis
Authors: Minston William , Benchimol Daniel , Jacobs Reinhilde , Lund Bodil , Krüger Weiner Carina , Coucke Wim , Shi Xie‐Qi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to identify potential clinical and radiological predictors associated with the outcome of discectomies.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, the material comprised preoperative CBCT images and medical records of 62 patients with disc derangement disorders, who had undergone discectomy because of disc displacement with reduction (DDwR), disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR), systemic arthritis (SA), or joint hypermobility. Clinical and radiographic variables were analysed in relation to success rate determined by subjective, objective and combined outcomes.ResultsThe success odds ratio was 11 times higher in patients with painful DDwR versus that of SA (p = 0.03), and even 25.9 times higher when considering solely objective outcome (p = 0.03). In the absence of subchondral pseudocyst, there were 5.2 times higher odds to have a successful subjective outcome (p = 0.04). Extensive bone apposition on the temporal joint component indicated a 9.3 times higher likelihood of a failed objective outcome (p = 0.04).ConclusionsThere is a significant higher risk for combined outcome failure for the diagnosis SA involving the TMJ compared with DDwR. Predictors of importance based on CBCT findings related to the objective outcome failure were extensive bone apposition on the temporal joint component and condylar subchondral pseudocysts for the subjective outcome failure.
Low Grip Strength Associated with Clinical Outcomes after Total Hip Arthroplasty ‐ A Prospective Case–Control Study
Authors: Long Gong , Chao Chen , Ming‐sheng Tan , Ping Yi 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo assess whether low grip strength (GS) is associated with clinical outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsA prospective case–control study was designed to assess 231 cases of primary THA between January 1, 2015 to May 1, 2018, at an urban tertiary care hospital. Patients were placed into two cohorts based on preoperative GS levels. Low GS in the present study was defined as GS lower than 26 kg for men and 16 kg for women in the dominant hand. Baseline data were prospectively collected and included patient demographics (age, sex, body mass index [BMI]), the surgeon's diagnoses, medical history, length of stay, and American Society of Anaesthesiologists' (ASA) score. Clinical outcomes included surgery‐ and prosthesis‐related variables. The Harris hip score (HHS) and the Short Form Health Survey (SF‐12) were completed at the baseline visit and at 1 and 2 years postoperatively in the outpatient department to assess the hip's function and quality of life. Differences in baseline data, length of study (LOS), 90‐day postoperative complications, and hospital readmissions were compared. Besides, the correlations between GS and Harris hip score (HHS) and Short Form score (SF‐12) were tested.ResultsA total of 202 participants have completed records for analysis finally. The patients were followed up for an average of 24.8 months postoperatively (24–26 months). Eighty‐two patients (40.6%) had low GS before THA. Patients with low GS were more likely to be female, older, fracture of femoral head or neck as the primary cause, albumin <3.5 g/dL, and have a lower BMI, higher ASA score, increased rates of the pressure sore, blood transfusion, and LOS compared to normal GS (all P < 0.05). Also, patients in the low GS cohort showed a statistically significant increased unplanned hospital readmissions and decreased discharge home compared to normal GS (both P < 0.05). There was an increasing rate of complications between the two cohorts, for cardiac complications, pressure sore after THA, respiratory complications, urinary tract infection, stroke, and DVT (all P < 0.05). A partial correlation test by controlling medical comorbidities and demographic factors was used to determine the correlation between GS and HHS. There was a significant correlation between them (r = −0.673; P = 0.002). A similar condition was detected in the correlation between GS and SF‐12 (r = 0.645; P = 0.001).ConclusionsClinicians should be encouraged to include GS assessment in their evaluation of patients who planned to undergo THA in order to optimize the treatment of high‐risk individuals.
Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride and glass ionomer cement combined with fluoride varnish in arresting dental caries among intellectually disabled individuals: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mendiratta Mansi , B.C. Manjunath , Kumar Adarsh , Yadav Vipul , Shyam Radhey , Wig Madhavi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the clinical effectiveness of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in arresting dental caries when compared to combination of fluoride‐containing glass ionomer cement (GIC) and fluoride varnish(FV) (5%) among intellectually disabled (ID) individuals.MethodologyA randomized controlled trial was conducted among ID (n = 82) individuals, in permanent posterior teeth with Nyvad score 2 and 3 (active caries) of dental caries, randomly allocated to experimental arm (38% SDF) (n = 41) and control arm (GIC along with FV) (n = 41). The caries arrest rate and caries preventive fraction was observed at 6‐months among both groups.ResultsThe caries arrest rate was 94.5% with SDF and 90.1% with GIC and FV (p = 0.405).The caries preventive fraction of SDF over GIC with FV was 45%, with hazard ratio (–0.588) at 6 months (p = 0.292). The binary logistic regression revealed that the Odds of arresting caries in SDF group is two times when compared to GIC group with p value = 0.218 which is not significant.ConclusionThe present study concluded that the SDF is as clinically effective as combination of GIC and fluoride varnish in arresting caries. Further research and longer follow‐up required for more conclusive results.