bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA sequence features underlying large-scale duplications and deletions in human
Authors: Kołomański Mateusz , Szyda Joanna , Frąszczak Magdalena , Mielczarek Magda 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCopy Number Variants (CNVs) may cover up to 12% of the whole genome and have substantial impact on phenotypes. We used 5 867 duplications and 33 181 deletions available from the 1000 Genomes Project to characterize genomic regions vulnerable to CNV formation and to identify sequence features characteristic for those regions.ResultsOnly 14 CNVs contained unknown nucleotides, which reflected the high quality of the analysed data. The GC content for deletions was lower and for duplications was higher than for randomly selected regions. In regions flanking deletions and downstream of duplications content was higher than in the random sequences, but upstream of duplication content was lower. In duplications, the percentage of low complexity sequences was not different from the randomized data, but in deletions it was higher. Moreover, it was significantly higher upstream of CNVs as compared to random sequences. Conversely, it was lower downstream of duplications. The majority of CNVs intersected with genic regions - mainly with introns. ConclusionsGC content may be associated with CNV formation and CNVs, especially duplications are initiated in low complexity regions. Moreover, CNVs located or overlapped with introns indicate their role in shaping intron variability. Genic CNV regions were enriched in many essential biological processes such as cell adhesion, synaptic transmission, transport, cytoskeleton organization, immune response and metabolic mechanisms what indicates that this large-scaled variants play important biological roles.
Suboptimal Therapy Following Breast Conserving Surgery in Triple Negative and HER2-Postive Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey E. , Strassle Paula D , Oliveira Guilherme C de , Agala Chris B. , Spanheimer Philip M. , Gallagher Kristalyn K , Ollila David W. , Muss Hyman B. , Downs-Canner Stephanie M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose To assess potential disparities in guideline-concordant care delivery among women with early stage triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer treated with breast conserving therapy. Methods Women ≥40 years old diagnosed with pT2N0M0 triple-negative or HER2-positive breast cancer treated with primary surgery and axillary staging between 2012 and 2017 were identified using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). The primary outcome was receipt of adjuvant systemic therapy and radiation concordant with current guidelines. Multivariable log binomial regression was used to assess the prevalence of optimal therapy use across patient and cancer characteristics. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess 5-year overall survival. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare the impact of optimal therapy on 5-year mortality. Results 11,785 women were included with 7,843 receiving optimal therapy. Receipt of optimal therapy decreased with age even after adjusting for comorbidities and cancer characteristics; other sociodemographic factors were not associated with differences in receipt of optimal therapy. Among patients who did not receive adjuvant systemic therapy, most were not offered the treatment (49%) or refused (40%). Overall 5-year survival was higher among women who received optimal therapy (89% [95% CI 88.0-89.3] vs. 66% [95% CI 62.9-68.5]). Patients who received suboptimal therapy were over twice as likely to die within 5-years of their diagnosis (adjusted HR 2.44, 95% CI 2.12-2.82). Conclusion Age is the primary determinant of the likelihood of a woman to receive optimal adjuvant therapies in high-risk early stage breast cancer. Patients who did not receive optimal therapy had significantly diminished survival.
Performance Analysis of Crosstalk Subcarrier Multiplexing and Wave Division Multiplexing in Optical Communication System
Authors: Elsayed Ebrahim E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In traditional optical communication, duplexity is achieved by using two fibers, each having a transmitter and a receiver. Economically, bidirectional wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems utilizing a single fiber will be more attractive not only reducing the use of the fiber by a factor of two, but also the number of components. Duplex transmissions over a single fiber can double the capacity of an installed unidirectional link. The idea of this paper is to study another approach using the subcarrier multiplexing (SCM)-based optical network and evaluate the physical transmission quality of analog and digital signal using SCM approach and the characteristic of fiber nonlinear crosstalk such as stimulated Raman scattering, Cross phase modulation and four-wave mixing in the SCM externally modulation optical link. A suitable bandwidth of 890 – 950 MHz is selected for subcarriers and channel bandwidth of 200 KHz and carrier. By measuring the optical bit interference (OBI) performance limitations of the subcarrier multiplexing WDM optical transmission system is investigated. The OBI for 10 channels for input power 1 dB is -40 dB whereas for 110 channels the OBI is -20 dB separation of 250 KHz are considered.
Impact of thymic epithelial primary cilia on T cell development
Authors: Kutomi Osamu , Nonaka Shigenori , Hozumi Katsuto , Takeda Sen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Primary cilia are ubiquitous hair-like organelles, usually projecting from the apical cell surface. They are essential for the organogenesis and homeostasis of various physiological functions, and their dysfunction leads to a plethora of human diseases. However, there are few reports on the role of primary cilia in the immune system; therefore, we focused on their role in the thymus that nurtures immature lymphocytes to full-fledged T cells. After detecting primary cilia on the thymic epithelial cell (TEC) expressed transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor in the basal body, we established a line of an intraflagellar transport protein 88 (Ift88) knockout mice lacking primary cilia in TECs (Ift88 TEC null mutant) to clarify their precise role in thymic organogenesis and T cell differentiation. The Ift88-TEC null mutant mice showed stunted cilia or lack of cilia in TECs. The intercellular contact between T cells and the “thymic synapse” of medullary TECs was slightly disorganized in Ift88-TEC null mutants. Notably, the CD4- and CD8-single positive thymocyte subsets increased significantly. The absence or disorganization of thymic cilia downregulated the TGF-β signaling cascade, increasing the number of single positive thymocytes.
Co3O4-Bi2O3 heterojunction; An effective photocatalyst for photodegradation of rhodamine B dye
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Baig Afifa , Jamal Muhammad Asghar , Akram Nadia , Bokhari Tanveer Hussain 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recently, the research on development of visible-light-active photocatalysts for photodegradation of organic pollutants has got much attention. Therefore, this study reports the synthesis of Co3O4-Bi2O3 heterojunction as visible-light responsive photocatalyst for photodegradation of rhodamine B dye. The Co3O4-Bi2O3 heterojunction was synthesized by coprecipitation method and characterized by XRD, EDS, SEM, TGA and FTIR. The as prepared Co3O4-Bi2O3 heterojunction was utilized as photocatalyst for photodegradation of rhodamine B dye using a 100 mg/L solution. It was observed that Co3O4-Bi2O3 showed best catalytic performance with ~ 92% degradation of rhodamine B dye than Co3O4 and Bi2O3 with 14 and 34% removal of rhodamine B dye, respectively. The rate constant for Co3O4-Bi2O3 catalyzed photodegradation of rhodamine B was 6 times and 3 times higher than rate constant for Co3O4 catalyzed and Bi2O3 catalyzed photodegradation of rhodamine B, respectively. The pH 8 was found as optimum pH for Co3O4-Bi2O3 catalyzed photodegradation of rhodamine B dye.
Assessing the risk factors of under-five deaths in rural parts of Ethiopia
Authors: Mihret Yenew Alemu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background of the study: Under-five mortality is the likelihood for a child born alive to die between birth and fifth birth day. Mortality under the age of five has been the main problem in public health policies especially in rural parts of Ethiopia.Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the risk factors of under-five mortality in Ethiopia using the 2011 EDHS data. Results: Information from 8,668 women included in the study show that 64.5% of the women never experienced under-five deaths of their children. Among four possible count models considered, the ZINB regression model was selected as the most appropriate model. Conclusion: The study revealed that mother’s age first birth, breastfeeding status, wealth index, whether the mother is currently working, region and mother’s level of education had statistically significant association with the number of under-five deaths in rural parts of Ethiopia.
Deep Learning Application for Vocal Fold Disease Prediction Through Voice Recognition: Preliminary Development Study
Authors: Hu Hao-Chun , Chang Shyue-Yih , Wang Chuen-Heng , Li Kai-Jun , Cho Hsiao-Yun , Chen Yi-Ting , Lu Chang-Jung , Tsai Tzu-Pei , Lee Oscar Kuang-Sheng 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundDysphonia influences the quality of life by interfering with communication. However, a laryngoscopic examination is expensive and not readily accessible in primary care units. Experienced laryngologists are required to achieve an accurate diagnosis.ObjectiveThis study sought to detect various vocal fold diseases through pathological voice recognition using artificial intelligence.MethodsWe collected 189 normal voice samples and 552 samples of individuals with voice disorders, including vocal atrophy (n=224), unilateral vocal paralysis (n=50), organic vocal fold lesions (n=248), and adductor spasmodic dysphonia (n=30). The 741 samples were divided into 2 sets: 593 samples as the training set and 148 samples as the testing set. A convolutional neural network approach was applied to train the model, and findings were compared with those of human specialists.ResultsThe convolutional neural network model achieved a sensitivity of 0.66, a specificity of 0.91, and an overall accuracy of 66.9% for distinguishing normal voice, vocal atrophy, unilateral vocal paralysis, organic vocal fold lesions, and adductor spasmodic dysphonia. Compared with the accuracy of human specialists, the overall accuracy rates were 60.1% and 56.1% for the 2 laryngologists and 51.4% and 43.2% for the 2 general ear, nose, and throat doctors.ConclusionsVoice alone could be used for common vocal fold disease recognition through a deep learning approach after training with our Mandarin pathological voice database. This approach involving artificial intelligence could be clinically useful for screening general vocal fold disease using the voice. The approach includes a quick survey and a general health examination. It can be applied during telemedicine in areas with primary care units lacking laryngoscopic abilities. It could support physicians when prescreening cases by allowing for invasive examinations to be performed only for cases involving problems with automatic recognition or listening and for professional analyses of other clinical examination results that reveal doubts about the presence of pathologies.
Integrated Prevention at Work: Protocol for a Concept Analysis
Authors: Lecours Alexandra , Major Marie-Ève , Vincent Claude , Lederer Valérie , Lamontagne Marie-Ève 
Published: April 2021

Background
Integrated prevention at work promises to eliminate the boundaries between primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention actions taken by stakeholders in the world of work. It is receiving increasing attention from the scientific community because of its concerted and harmonized approach, which promotes employment access, return, and healthy long-term continuation. Although promising, integrated prevention is not yet well-defined, which makes it difficult to operationalize.

Objective
This manuscript exposes the protocol of a study aiming to conceptualize integrated prevention at work on the basis of scientific and experiential knowledge.

Methods
Using a concept analysis research design, data collection has been planned in 2 parts. A meta-narrative literature review will first be conducted to document how integrated prevention has been defined in the literature. Then, phone interviews will be conducted with key informers (ie, managers, workers, ergonomists, occupational therapists, psychologists, physiotherapists, union and insurance representatives) to document their viewpoints and understanding of integrated prevention at work. Qualitative data gathered during these 2 parts of research will be analyzed using template analysis, which allows data from literature and empirical collection to be analyzed simultaneously. The analysis will bring out the points of convergence, divergence, and complementarity between the information gleaned from literature and key informers’ experiences to arrive at a conceptualization of integrated prevention at work by identifying its uses, attributes, antecedents, and consequences. As a final step, validation and interpretation with a TRIAGE (Technique for Research of Information by Animation of a Group of Experts) group will be carried out in collaboration with the key informers to identify the tools for the implementation of integrated prevention at work and promote workers’ health and safety.

Results
This study is expected to offer a contemporary conceptualization of integrated prevention at work that clearly lays out the variables of this concept and elicits the viewpoints of the different stakeholders.

Conclusions
This study will contribute to the advancement of knowledge about the professional injury prevention continuum. The clear identification of the uses, attributes, antecedents, and consequences of integrated prevention at work will offer concrete tools to stakeholders to implement innovative and promising approaches to integrated prevention at work.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/29869
Assessment, Usability, and Sociocultural Impacts of DataONE
Authors: Sandusky Robert J. , Allard Suzie , Baird Lynn , Cannon Leah , Crowston Kevin , Forrester Amy , Grant Bruce , Hu Rachael , Olendorf Robert , Pollock Danielle , Specht Alison , Tenopir Carol , Volentine Rachel 
Published: April 2021

DataONE, funded from 2009-2019 by the U.S. National Science Foundation, is an early example of a large-scale project that built both a cyberinfrastructure and culture of data discovery, sharing, and reuse. DataONE used a Working Group model, where a diverse group of participants collaborated on targeted research and development activities to achieve broader project goals. This article summarizes the work carried out by two of DataONEâ€™s working groups: Usability & Assessment (2009-2019) and Sociocultural Issues (2009-2014). The activities of these working groups provide a unique longitudinal look at how scientists, librarians, and other key stakeholders engaged in convergence research to identify and analyze practices around research data management through the development of boundary objects, an iterative assessment program, and reflection. Members of the working groups disseminated their findings widely in papers, presentations, and datasets, reaching international audiences through publications in 25 different journals and presentations to over 5,000 people at interdisciplinary venues. The working groups helped inform the DataONE cyberinfrastructure and influenced the evolving data management landscape. By studying working groups over time, the paper also presents lessons learned about the working group model for global large-scale projects that bring together participants from multiple disciplines and communities in convergence research.
docente diseñador
Authors: Flores Zavaleta Cecilia Esperanza , Terbullino Tamashiro Vladimir , Zárate Amador Aldo Renato , Araujo Riva Yolanda Milagros , Figueroa Ocampo Aldo Rafael 
Published: April 2021

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la satisfacción y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios que participaron en un programa blended de escritura, el cual integró una red social y el sistema de gestión de aprendizaje Blackboard. De acuerdo con el enfoque metodológico de la investigación basada en el diseño (EDR), el programa se sometió a procesos iterativos de análisis, implementación y evaluación durante tres ciclos académicos consecutivos. Para conocer el nivel de satisfacción generado, se empleó una encuesta basada en una escala de Likert. Además, se emplearon las calificaciones y promedios de los estudiantes para obtener datos sobre el rendimiento. Del análisis se concluye que el programa desarrollado alcanza altos índices de satisfacción; no obstante, el rendimiento académico no se incrementó al compararse con la versión presencial del curso.
How Do Firms Use Cash Tax Savings? A Cross-Country Analysis
Authors: Green Danielle H. , Kerr Jon N. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We examine how firms utilize cash generated via tax avoidance. Understanding how firms use these cash flows is important given the considerable global attention firms' tax avoidance activities have received. Using an international sample, we find that firms are more likely to invest cash tax savings or use them to repurchase shares rather than distribute them in the form of dividends. We find that our results hold for an international sample of domestic-only firms, distinguishing our study from U.S.-only studies, which focus on constraints and distortions of multinational corporations in a worldwide tax system. When partitioning on country-level governance, we find that firms in weak governance countries are more likely to use tax savings to fund investment and pay dividends. Taken together, our results suggest cash tax avoidance is associated with important firm decisions, and these associations vary across countries.
JEL Classifications: M41; H20; G31; G30.
Assessment of Microbiological Quality and Safety during the Processing of Traditional Beers made from Sorghum in the “Mandara” Mountains of the Far-North Region of Cameroon
Authors: Bayoï James Ronald , Etoa François-Xavier 
Published: April 2021

Indigenous beers are very popular and widely consumed by people from northern Cameroon because of its low cost. Despite their appeal, microbial quality of these beverages remains a serious call for concern. This work was aimed to investigate microbial changes and hazards of contamination during the processing of two special sorghum beers brewed in northern Cameroon. Producers were observed during the production and samples were collected at different stages for analysis of microbiological parameters such as total count, fungi, spore-forming bacteria, Coliforms and E. coli using referenced methods. Total count ranged from 13.5 x 103 to 195 x 103 CFU/mL and 0.16 x 103 to 660 x 103 CFU/mL; fungi from 0.26 x 103 to 22 x 103 CFU/mL and 0.22 x 103 to 85 x 103 CFU/mL; E. coli from 0.69 x 102 to 13.6 x 102 CFU/mL and 0.65 x 102 to 3.8 x 102 CFU/mL during the production of the red “té” and white “mepdli” beers, respectively. Spore-forming bacteria and Coliforms (total and fecal) were detected in all the collected samples. Bacterial spores were also enumerated in red (38 x 103 CFU/g) and white (62.5 x 103 CFU/g) sorghum grains used as the main raw materials for the production of “té” and “mpedli” beers. The results suggest that the processing of both turbid beers using the traditional method are exposed to microbial contamination. Increase of microbial loads after soaking, adding of the supernatant (red beer only) and malted flour (white beer only) after the heating step means that control measures are needed to prevent contamination after these sensitive stages. Proper handling of raw materials, adequate implementation of heating and fermentation were found as effective critical control points. Training of producers on the hazards analysis and good manufacturing and hygiene practices have been suggested as strategies to improve the safety of indigenous beers.
8. The Effect of Bythotrephes Longimanus on the Size Structure of Zooplankton Communities in the Muskoka Region, Ontario
Authors: Pokorny Johanna 
Published: April 2021

Invasive species are considered the greatest threat to aquatic ecosystem biodiversity. Bythotrephes longimanus, an exotic zooplankton species introduced to North America in the 1980s, is threatening the structure of indigenous aquatic ecosystems as it continues to invade inland Ontario lakes. As a predacious zooplankton species, B. longimanus has been shown to decrease zooplankton abundance, species richness and shift zooplankton community size structure in invaded lakes. However, much of the previous research concerning the predatory effects of B. longimanus has been on surveys of a small number of lakes or has been in controlled mesocosm or lab-based experiments. This study examines the effects of B. longimanus on the zooplankton community using size-structure characterizations (grouping individuals from the community based on size) as community measures for 311 lakes in the Muskoka Region, a highly invaded watershed in Southern Ontario. More specifically, the study explores the size-spectra of invaded versus uninvaded lakes, with reference to an array of environmental lake characteristics (water chemistry, lake morphometry,etc.), and the relevance of B. longimanus activity on the regional scale. By using such a large-scale survey we will be able to appreciate regional-scale effects, as well as encompass the multiple and more indirect trophic interactions that B. longimanus is likely having with the entire aquatic community. (Funding: NSERC & CAISN.)
On the Rationality of Choice
Authors: Simmons Thomas 
Published: April 2021

This presentation aims to explore the ubiquity of rationality in how people make choices. Historically, rationality has been conceived of as a scheme of certain values and beliefs, most often those that are compatible with a 'scientific way of thinking'. Subsequently, those who hold a different set of beliefs and values are deemed 'irrational' or considered irreconcilably dissimilar from those who are 'rational.' What typical follows for the 'irrational' are unfavorable labels such as 'dogmatic', 'primitive', or even 'insane'. This presentation rejects these common views and offers an alternate model of rationality that depicts rationality as a template rather than a scheme of values. Rather than emphasize certain values as 'rational', this model emphasizes the role of value itself as the cornerstone of rationality. An advantage of this model is that the both the commonly considered 'rational' and 'irrational' are seen to be employing the same underlying structure in making choices; the divergence is in the values themselves and not the way of thinking. What underlies these arguments is an aim to show that human beings are more alike than different, no matter what kind of choices they make