bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the heat transfer characteristics of Al2O3-CuO/Water hybrid nanofluids in a shell and rotating wavy tube heat exchanger
Authors: Vinoth R. , Sachuthananthan B. , Vadivel A. , Kaleeswaran P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present study focuses on heat transfer and characteristics of fluid flow behaviour of a rotating wavy tube HEX using water and Al2O3-CuO/Water (0.3%) hybrid nanofluid as coolants. The shell and wavy tube were modelled in CATIA with a tube diameter of 9.3mm and shell diameter of 140mm. The heat transfer area of the rotating tube heat exchanger is 0.0476m2. Water is utilized as the hot fluid inside the shell and Al2O3-CuO/Water (0.3%) Hybrid nanofluid was used in tube side. The rotating wavy tube heat exchanger was fabricated by VMC and CNC machining process and tube is maintained at the speed of 57.5 rpm. The experiment was carried out by varying tube side mass flow rate and shell mass flow rate was kept constant. Experimental study reveals that the heat transfer rate of the rotating tube was higher when compared to the fixed tube by 10.5% when pure water is used. Similarly when Al2O3-CuO/Water (0.3%) Hybrid nanofluid is made to flow in tube side; the heat transfer rate was considerably higher than pure water by 9.15%. This is due to wavy rotating tube helps to increase the turbulence inside tube and shell side resulting in better heat transfer and a comparable pressure drop. So, this heat exchanger is found to be an optimal design and can be used in various applications.
A Study on Flexible Manufacturing Systems using Petri Net Reduction
Authors: Padma V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Petrinets are the suitable tool for modeling and analysis of discrete event systems. The effective methods of analyzing the discrete event systems (DES) are exhibited by Petri nets. The entire structure of the system is mathematically expressed using Petrinets and also all the properties are analysed by different methods. The properties of Petrinets are different in various systems, a Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) requires production activities in which raw materials, energy, labour, and equipment are combined together in the modification process for the production of good quality goods.” The word “flexible” explains the capability of the system to relate productively to make changes in the system. These changes can be internal failure of the system or classification problems such as a sample or external changes in the structure of the model as well as demand for the process. The inherent limitations such as undecidable properties, complexity in checking, automatic verification of the modeled system are existing in FMS. This paper explains a study on FMS using Petri net reduction. A PN underlies event structures with casuality and compatibility relations. Partial order methods and reduction methods reduce the complexity of constructing the reachability graph. The determination of PN system through reduction methods in recent years focused by many researchers. The significance of reduction methods are highlighted to execute the faster analysis of a system. Instead of coverability trees and the graphical representation the incidence matrix of the PNs are used for the reduction methods. Reduction methods are used to simplify large scale PNs into “equivalent” smaller nets. Boundedness, liveness, simplification of implicit places, shared resources and elimination of self-loops are checked though equivalent smaller nets. The structure of FMS is preserved.
Experimental study on alcohol fumigation in a CI engine energized with waste cooking oil
Authors: Praveena V. , Akshaykumar U , Nishad T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Consumption of fossil fuels rose drastically over the global level. Replacement for fossil fuels is necessary, since every year the automobile production is increasing the consumption of fossil fuels like petrol and diesel in rapid phase. Although strict vehicle emission control norms like Euro5, BS6 etc are implemented in different countries, the emission of harmful gas like Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon monoxide (CO), NOx, VOCs etc have not been reduced to greater extent. So for the replacement of fossil fuels, a suitable alternative fuel which is a combination of waste cooking oil with hexanol added to it by fumigation technique is selected which would reduce the toxic emissions released by automobiles. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of adding hexanol at different concentration by fumigation method on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine. NOx emission reduces by 21% and smoke opacity by 28%. BTE is negatively affected by the fumigation mode 2 and reduces to 27.2%. From the emission point of view, the fumigation method proves to be beneficial while running a CI engine with waste cooking oil.
An effective approach for the solution of fully fuzzy transportation problems
Authors: Krishnaveni G. , Ganesan K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a simple method is proposed to solve fully fuzzy transportation problems whose parameters are triangular fuzzy numbers. We express all the triangular fuzzy numbers in their parametric form, applying the new arithmetic and new ranking function and solve the fully fuzzy transportation problems without converting in its crisp form. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the theory developed in this article.
Performance and emission characteristic studies on CRDi diesel engine fuelled with jatropha green diesel
Authors: Suresh Pelluru , Mathan Raj V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Use of the fossil fuel power increments regular that leads towards the consumption of fossil fuel along with emissions from diesel or pressure ignition engine contributes development of disease on individuals, thus global government’s arrangements orders call for emissions decline. The expanding comprehension of the above made environmentally agreeable and monetary invaluable resource of green diesel gas become more alluring lately. As a rule, Biodiesel and bioethanol are acknowledged because of the reality planned sustainable transportation fuels. Fatty substances are formed related with the long and direct hydrocarbon spine having a decreased volume of oxygen when contrasted and sugar, starch, and biomass that is cellulosic. It truly is, thusly, thought to be the engaging biomass for assembling hydrocarbon biofuels. Pyrolysis, synergist breaking, and hydro de oxygenation (HDO) are achievable channels for assembling diesel-range hydrocarbons from fatty oils, regularly comprehended as ‘green diesel’. Among these methodology, HDO could be the usually acknowledged course attributable to the high return of green diesel. Also, this course is associated with negligible absence of unsaturated fat’s carbons as unpredictable hydrocarbons. This course further offers the probability of co-handling of fatty substances with raw petroleum parts inside the current hydrotreatment item. in the daily life utilizatation of the fossil fuel
Effect of injection timing on alcohol-biodiesel-diesel ternary blends in a CI engine
Authors: Praveena V. , Sharma Udayan , Prajapati Sanjay Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The major concerns of using Jojoba oil in CI engines is its high viscosity, low volatility, and high NOx formation. In this work, an analysis of the emission parameters and efficiency of a jojoba biodiesel-fuelled engine is carried out. This research study investigates the impacts of the addition of higher order alcohols with diesel fuel on the performance and emission parameters of CI engine working with diesel-jojoba oil methyl ester blend. 5% and 10% by volume of n-butanol is combined with B20 blend of jojoba oil methyl ester. The experiment is divided in two steps, firstly, the optimum combination of alcohol with biodiesel is evaluated based on the BTE and emission parameters. Secondly, the effect of varying the injection timing from 21°, 23° and 25° BTDC for the alcohol blends of diesel-biodiesel blends are studied. BTE increases by 4.5% for B20+10% butanol and NO emission decreases by 23%. Other emissions are facing a significant drop except HC emissions. Delayed injection timing of 21° BTDC reduces NO emission further by 18.4%. The findings prove that adding n-butanol, oxygenated fuel could enhance the viscosity issue of jojoba oil methyl ester and the mixtures as well resulting in an enhancement in their performance parameters.
Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer of Concentric Triple Pipe Heat Exchanger Coupled with Blossom Fins.
Authors: Arulkumar S , Mathanraj V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present work describes the principle techniques of industrial importance as it deals with heat transfer analysis of concentric triple pipe heat exchanger employing blossom fins. Findings indicate that the use of fin arrangement is advantageous to enhance the performance of heat exchanger, LMTD, over all heat transfer and effectiveness is found to be increased. The additional fins improve the heat transfer by providing a larger area for heat transfer area per unit length of the exchanger. The net heat transfer, overall heat transfer, efficiency and effectiveness were calculated and compared for all the flow patterns and Counter flow 3 was found to have the best results among the flow patterns with the maximum heat transfer, heat transfer coefficient, efficiency and effectiveness being 1642.09 watts, 1842.07 w/m2k, 0.57896 and 0.73 respectively.
Composite Keyword Based Search Over Data on Remote Information
Authors: Senthil Kumar G. , Shiny angel T.S , Vijayakumar K. , Chamoli Akhilesh , Kejriwal Sarang , Snehalatha N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Majority of data owners have moved their services to the cloud servers. Members of any organization can access data from the cloud by using keyword-based search. Being based on Boolean keyword matching system or semantic search they are unable to provide accurate search results as well as unable to understand misspelled keywords. With the existing searching mechanisms like keyword search in place, the search results are often slow and they result in missing of information and produce in accurate results. In this paper, a K-Gram based approach is proposed to improve the search efficiency. Using this approach, the words are divided in to groups and then they are identified by the corresponding Indexes. This proposed approach can improvise secure and efficient retrieval of information.
A Comparative Study on Aerodynamic Drag Reduction of a Blunt Nose Body using Aerospike and Aerodisk – Numerical Approach
Authors: Senthilkumar S , Mudholkar Aarohi Anmol , Sanjay K J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A spike attached to a hemispherical body drastically changes its flow field and influences aerodynamic drag in supersonic and hypersonic flow. It is, therefore a potential candidate for drag reduction of a future high-speed vehicle. The effect of spike nose configuration and angle of attack on the reduction of drag is studied. The studies show that the aerodisk is superior to the aerospike. The aerodisk of appropriate length, diameter and nose configuration may have the capability for the drag reduction. Design criteria is studied and the aerodisk attached to the blunt nose body are designed using CATIA. Numerical solutions are obtained using a commercial CFD software ANSYS-Fluent. Flow observations on the blunt body with a conical, hemispherical aerodisk and flat-faced aerodisk are carried out at Mach number of 2. The flow fields show different flow features between the conical spike, the hemispherical aerodisk and the flat-faced aerodisk. The effects of the aerospike and aerodisk on the lift and drag coefficient are studied. Finally, it is found that A forward-facing spike attached to a hemispherical body alters significantly the structure of the flow field and serves to reduce drag by the formation of a recirculation region around the stagnation point of the blunt body. The flow field, immediately behind the aerodisk shows a complex flow field due to back-disk geometry as compared to the conical spike. To take advantage of the forward-facing spike for more efficient drag reduction, the reattachment point of the shear layer on the body should be moved backward by choosing the optimal spike length with suitable geometrical configuration of the nose.
Parametric optimization of wire-EDM machining of nimonic 80a using response surface methodology
Authors: Senkathir  , Manoj Samson R , Nirmal R , Ranjith R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) can machine hard materials with ease. Nimonic 80A is hard and high temperature resistant material which is widely used in the power plant boiler tubes, gas turbines, exhaust valves. This work involves in developing a models for correlating the dependency of various WEDM process parameters of Nimonic 80A like gap voltage, duty factor and feed rate on response factors like rate of material removal (MRR), wire wear ratio and surface roughness (SR). This experiment was carried out on the basis of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). Using the design of experiments, 20 experiments were conducted. The duty factor of 0.8771, gap voltage 17V and wire feed rate of 17m/min was found to be the optimized process parameter while machining Nimonic 80A.
Design of Low cost Data Acquisition Circuit with Feature Extraction
Authors: Archana R , Rajalakshmi T , Vijay Sai P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Single channel Electrooculogram (EOG) data acquisition system is designed to observe the patterns of signal to confirm the presence of disease or disorder. Tracking the movements of the eyes are done for controlling applications such as wheelchair control, blink detection, word speller, etc for people with complete or partial disability. With the help of signals generated from the eyes, the pattern is studied. This paper lay upon designing of highly precised instrumentation part of single channel EOG with miniaturized circuit and low cost. Different amplifiers are used to remove noise and increase the gain of the signal. Arduino UNO will read the EOG signal as analog input and the signal is recorded using PLX DAQ software which is interfaced with Arduino. The EOG signal is taken for 15 adults and it is tested for the working of the circuit. The signal is further amplified and filtered using MATLAB software and thus the eye movements are visualized. The set of basic mathematical feature are derived for the filtered signal which can be used for future applications for differentiating various eye problems.
Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emission from Diesel Engine Fuelled with Plastic Pyrolytic Oil Using Modified Charcoals
Authors: Sathish Kumar R. , Balaji G. , Cheralathatn M. , Sureshkumar K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases majorly contributing to the global warming and greenhouse effects. Combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum products and natural gas for power production, transportation and industrial applications produce maximum amount of carbon dioxide. Hence, reduction of CO2 emission is mandated to avoid additional add on to the atmosphere and control global warming. A new low cost carbon trapper using modified charcoals has been designed and tested in a stationary diesel engine for the reduction of carbon dioxide emission and results were reported in this article. Normal wooden charcoal was produced and impregnated with NaOH and KOH. These two modified charcoals, Normal wooden charcoal and commercially purchased activated charcoal were testes individually and compared with each other. Also the effect of amount of different charcoals at 100 grams, 200 grams and 300 grams on carbon dioxide reduction were also tested. The potassium hydroxide (KOH) impregnated wooden charcoal with 300 grams mass shows the best result of 63.92% CO2 reduction at 75% engine load and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) impregnated charcoal shows 62.89% reduction in CO2 at the same engine load due to increased adsorption along with absorption and high porosity.
Experimental analysis of wind turbine of high-speed air available from industrial exhaust of rectangular flat blade
Authors: Sathiyamoorthy K. , Rajendran R. , Chandra Sekhar S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Wind energy iscontributing to the majority of the energy production in the renewable energy sectors. Currently more research work is being carried out in the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine technology. It is a turbine in which the axis of rotation of rotor is perpendicular to the ground and also perpendicular to the wind direction. Literature is available for the wind blades which have the special curves such as NACA profile etc., the drawback of aerodynamics blades is themanufacturing difficulties due to the complex profile which leads to the high cost of blade manufacturing. The best choice of the profile to provide a better solution is flat rectangular blade. The dimensions of the rectangular blade are: blade height-176mm, rotor diameter-110mm, blade width-12mm, blade side width-4mm and has a cross section of 12*4mm This paper deals with the study on the effect of the rectangular flat plate under the high wind velocity. A 2D model was developed using Solid works software. CFD Analysis was performed to determine the wind velocity which gives a better performance. A Prototype was built to perform the experimental analysis, and to correlate the results obtained in the CFD analysis for validation and verification. The results show that the maximum coefficient performance of 0.3 is achieved with Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) ranging from 2 to 4. This study on the dynamics of the wind blade may lead to the advancement of the blade structure and thereby generating more power. This type of flat blade can be used in the heat recovery system in the industrial exhaust where high speed wind is available. The another new thing is discussed here using the IoT techniques to measure the torque for every azimuth angle in real time experiment.
Analysis of the impact of mining and geological conditions in longwalls on the introduction of pressure monitoring for powered roof supports
Authors: Trzop K , Szurgacz D , Zhironkin S , Kasprusz A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Polska Grupa Górnicza has analysed the longwalls in its mines where powered roof supports should be subject to pressure monitoring. The main goal was to increase the safety of people working in the longwall. The scope also included the economic improvement of active longwalls in terms of stoppages caused by roof fall or possible tremors. The analysis, carried out in this regard, allowed strategic longwalls to be selected from the individual mines of Polska Grupa Górnicza. The paper describes mining and geological conditions in the longwalls, where monitoring is carried out, with particular attention paid to potential tremors. The paper discusses the scope and use of powered roof supports in longwalls. The research team selected the pressure monitoring system as the most important parameter of work of the powered roof support. The paper also presents the results of an analysis carried out on the implementation of the system. A survey was conducted among the employees regarding the relevance of the monitoring system. The analyses results were used to recommend the directions of further actions related to a development of the system for monitoring the supporting parameters of the powered roof support systems.
The Use of Active Comparators in Self-Controlled Designs
Authors: Hallas Jesper , Whitaker Heather , Delaney Joseph A , Cadarette Suzanne M , Pratt Nicole , Maclure Malcolm 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
For self-controlled studies of medication-related effects, time-varying confounding by indication can occur if the indication varies over time. We describe how active comparators might mitigate such bias, using an empirical example. Approaches to using active comparators are described for case-crossover design, case-time-control design, self-controlled case-series, and sequence symmetry analyses. In the empirical example, we used Danish data from 1996–2018 to study the association between penicillin and venous thromboembolism (VTE), using roxithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, as comparator. Upper respiratory infection is a transient risk factor for VTE, thus representing time-dependent confounding by indication. Odds ratios for case-crossover analysis were 3.35 (95% confidence interval: 3.23, 3.49) for penicillin and 3.56 (95% confidence interval: 3.30, 3.83) for roxithromycin. We used a Wald-based method or an interaction term to estimate the odds ratio for penicillin with roxithromycin as comparator. These 2 estimates were 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.87, 1.03) and 1.03 (95% confidence interval: 0.95, 1.13). Results were similar for the case-time-control analysis, but both the self-controlled case-series and sequence symmetry analysis suggested a weak protective effect of penicillin, seemingly explained by VTE affecting future exposure exclusively for penicillin. The strong association of antibiotics with VTE suggests presence of confounding by indication. Such confounding can be mitigated by using an active comparator.
Invited Commentary: New Directions in Machine Learning Analyses of Administrative Data to Prevent Suicide-Related Behaviors
Authors: Bossarte Robert M , Kennedy Chris J , Luedtke Alex , Nock Matthew K , Smoller Jordan W , Stokes Cara , Kessler Ronald C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This issue contains a thoughtful report by Gradus et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2021;190(12):2517–2527) on a machine learning analysis of administrative variables to predict suicide attempts over 2 decades throughout Denmark. This is one of numerous recent studies that document strong concentration of risk of suicide-related behaviors among patients with high scores on machine learning models. The clear exposition of Gradus et al. provides an opportunity to review major challenges in developing, interpreting, and using such models: defining appropriate controls and time horizons, selecting comprehensive predictors, dealing with imbalanced outcomes, choosing classifiers, tuning hyperparameters, evaluating predictor variable importance, and evaluating operating characteristics. We close by calling for machine-learning research into suicide-related behaviors to move beyond merely demonstrating significant prediction—this is by now well-established—and to focus instead on using such models to target specific preventive interventions and to develop individualized treatment rules that can be used to help guide clinical decisions to address the growing problems of suicide attempts, suicide deaths, and other injuries and deaths in the same spectrum.