bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Length‐for‐age (HAZ) progression from the 1st to the 4‐6th month among rural and urban infants in the Western Highlands of Guatemala: longitudinal and cross‐sectional perspectives (620.11)
Authors: Chomat Anne Marie , Vossenaar Marieke , Solomons Noel , Koski Kris , Scott Marilyn 
Published: June 2021

Background: We have recently signaled the poorly recognized high prevalence of stunting at birth ‐ a challenge for prevention of linear growth retardation.Objectives: To assess and compare the progression of mean HAZ and stunting rates between the 1st and the 4th‐6th mo in rural R and urban U infants in the Western Highlands of Guatemala.Methods: Two field studies in the Province of Quetzaltenango ‐ Mam‐Mamas (a saturation survey in 8 R Mam‐Mayan‐speaking communities) and Xela‐Babies (a convenience sample from an U health clinic) ‐ included anthropometry measurement in the first 45 and at 131‐182 days of life, in a longitudinal format in both locations and in a transverse manner at the R site only. Stunting was defined as <‐2 SD of HAZ (2006 WHO growth standards).Results: In the cohort series, the HAZ declined at the R site from an initial median of ‐1.61 (stunting prevalence 34.9%) to ‐1.79 (39.8%) (n=129; ΔHAZ ‐0.009±0.070 units/wk); and rose at the U site from ‐1.45 (25.0%) to ‐1.38 (28.3%) (n=60; ΔHAZ +0.011±0.046 u/wk). The stunting prevalence was significantly higher at 4‐6 mo at the R vs U site (p=0.012); HAZ progression was not statistically significant at either site. In the cross‐sectional samples from the R site, the progression was ‐1.89 (40.8%) (n=71) to ‐2.06 (50%) (n=60; ΔHAZ ‐0.010 u/wk).Conclusions: This, to our knowledge, is the first report on the progression of linear growth failure within the first 6 mo of life. Within our study setting, stunting begins in utero, and is worse at the R site, with no statistically significant progression in HAZ scores between the first 6 mo of life.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Graduate Women in Science, McGill Univ Grad Travel Award, GHR‐CAPS Doctoral Fellowship
Impact of iron‐folic acid supplementation on birth size and birth weight in Pakistan (624.20)
Authors: Nisar Yasir , Dibley Michael 
Published: June 2021

Objective To examine the effect of iron‐folic acid (IFA) supplementation on perceived birth size and birth weight using Pakistan DHS 2006‐07.Methods Information from 5,692 most recent (with 5 years) live‐born infants was used. The primary outcomes were perceived birth size and birth weight and the main exposure was any maternal use of IFA during pregnancy. Birth weight was reported for only 10% of live births in PDHS 2006‐07. Analyses used multivariate logistic regression adjusted for X potential confounders and the sampling design.Results The risk of small birth size babies was significantly reduced by 18% (aOR: 0.82, 95% CI 0.71, 0.96, p=0.013) for mothers who used any IFA supplements compared to no IFA use. Mother who started IFA in the first trimester, significantly reduced the risk of small birth size babies by 19%. With antenatal IFA, the risk of low birth weight was significantly reduced by 51% for <2000 grams and non‐significantly by 60% and 18% for <1500 grams and <2500 grams respectively.Conclusion Antenatal IFA supplementation significantly reduced the risk of small birth size and low birth weight babies in Pakistan. The greatest protective effect of antenatal IFA was for infants with birth weight <1500 grams.
Serum folate and colorectal adenoma in Korean adults (628.18)
Authors: Park Young Mee , Cho Chang Ho , Kim Sung Hi , Lee Jung Eun 
Published: June 2021

We investigated the association between serum folate levels and colorectal adenoma in a case‐control study of Korean adults. Participants underwent colonoscopy, and provided blood specimens and information on their socio‐demographic status and other risk factors for colorectal adenoma in a university hospital. Serum folate levels were measured by using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Colorectal adenoma cases were determined through colonoscopy and histologic examinations. We included 113 cases (58 men and 55 women) of colorectal adenoma and 255 controls (69 men and 186 women). We calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a multivariate logistic regression model. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we found no significant association between serum folate levels and colorectal adenoma; multivariate ORs (95% CIs) for the highest tertile compared to the lowest tertile were 0.86 (0.31 to 2.39) in men and 1.12 (0.51 to 2.46) in women. In summary, we did not observe that serum folate levels were associated with colorectal adenoma in Korean adults.Grant Funding Source: This study was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (2011‐0011028)
Dietary carbohydrate intake and dyslipidemia in Korean adults (628.19)
Authors: Park Hye Won , Kim Kyunga , Kim Mi Kyung , Lee Jung Eun 
Published: June 2021

The aim of our study was to evaluate the associations of total carbohydrate intake and glycemic index (GI) and load (GL) with lipid profiles in a prospective study of Korean adults. We included a total of 4,327 participants aged 40‐69 years followed for 4 years since 2001 and provided blood specimens at a follow‐up. Carbohydrate intake, GI, and GL were calculated from the relevant food items on a validated food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), high low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and high triglyceride (TG) were analyzed using the logistic regression models. Replacing protein or fat intake (g/d) with total carbohydrate intake (g/d) was associated with lower HDL‐C levels, and higher levels of LDL‐C and TG; multivariate ORs (95% CIs) comparing top quartile with bottom quartile were 1.26 (0.99‐1.60; p‐trend = 0.03) for low HDL‐C, 1.31 (1.05‐1.64; p‐trend = 0.03) for high TG, and 1.33 (1.10‐1.61; p‐trend = 0.01) for high LDL‐C. Replacing percentage energy from fat or protein with percentage energy from carbohydrate was associated with lower HDL‐C levels, and higher levels of LDL‐C and TG; multivariate ORs (95% CIs) comparing top quartile with bottom quartile were 1.40 (1.08‐1.79; p‐trend = 0.006) for low HDL‐C, 1.33 (1.05‐1.68; p‐trend = 0.03) for high TG, and 1.40 (1.15‐1.71; p‐trend = 0.004) for high LDL‐C. However, there was no association for either GI or GL. In summary, we found that high total carbohydrate intake was associated with unfavorable lipid profile in Korean adults. However, our study does not support the hypothesis that low levels of GI or GL are associated with improved lipid profile.Grant Funding Source: This study was supported by Sookmyung Women's University Research Grant
Disordered eating behaviors and attitudes of females with cystic fibrosis (628.7)
Authors: Quick Virginia , Byrd‐Bredbenner Carol 
Published: June 2021

Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, occurs in 1:2500 live births or a rate of 0.4 cases/1000 individuals 蠄 26 years. CF etiology and treatment may put CF patients at increased risk for disordered eating. This study intensively recruited female young adults with CF to complete an online survey of disordered eating behaviors and attitudes. Participants (n=9) were 20.6±2.7SD years, mostly White (87.5%), and normal weight (22.4±2.5SD). Over one‐third reported health status as fair or poor, exercised excessively 蠅2x/month, and binge ate with loss of control. A quarter engaged in self‐induced vomiting and medicine misuse (e.g., pancreatic lipase enzyme) 蠅2x/month to control weight. One met the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, 6th ed. clinical cut‐off for eating, weight, and shape concerns. A follow‐up survey (n=4) found most had good communication and relationships with health care providers and were currently satisfied with medical treatment. Only one participant had received eating disorder information from a health care provider (RD). This study expands our limited understanding of disordered eating in patients with this relatively rare disorder and suggests that health care providers be aware of, screen for, and monitor potential disordered eating behaviors and attitudes in females with CF and offer early intervention.Grant Funding Source: Supported in part by the intramural research program of the National Institutes of Health(NIH/NICHD)
Variable iron status among twins and triplets at birth (636.3)
Authors: Ru Yuan , Pressman Eva , Guillet Ronnie , Cooper Beth , Katzman Philip , Caveglia Sarah , O'Brien Kimberly 
Published: June 2021

Iron (Fe) uptake and transfer to the fetus is mediated by the placenta. The objectives of this study were to examine the degree of variability in neonatal Fe status between siblings born to women carrying twins or triplets and to investigate determinants of neonatal Fe status in this group. A total of 67 women carrying multiples aged 30.6 ± 5.2 were enrolled between the 1st and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Maternal blood across pregnancy and umbilical cord blood at birth were utilized to assess neonatal Fe status including Hb, serum ferritin (SF), transferrin receptor (TfR), erythropoietin (EPO), and hepcidin. Neonates were born at week 34.5 ± 2.9 of gestation and weighed 2188 ± 613 g; 69% of neonates were preterm and 72% had low birth weight (LBW). Approximately 19% of neonates were anemic (Hb<13 g/dL) at birth, 27.3% had SF < 76 µg/L and 18% had TfR > 8.5 mg/L. Mean cord SF was 120 ± 82 µg/L (n=70); a value comparable to the 50th percentile using normative data. Total body iron (TBI) in neonates was calculated using birth weight (kg), cord Hb (g/dL) and functional Fe in tissues as described by Georgieff et al with adjustment for gestational age at birth. TBI averaged 171 ± 27.3 mg per neonate at birth (n = 65) was significantly correlated to amnionicity (p = 0.0005). Ratio between maternal and neonatal TBI was 0.61 ± 0.1. Significant variability was evident in cord SF (n = 70, p = 0.0002), TfR (n = 74, P=0.0001) and neonatal birth weight (p < 0.0001) among siblings. High rates of preterm birth/LBW and low TBI stores at birth suggest the need for more data on determinants of Fe status and anemia in this group.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Gerber Foundation
Dietary fatty acid composition modulates parallel shifts in the metabolic profiles of mice and gut microbiota populations (637.7)
Authors: Muller Catherine , Walter Jens , Chekal Jessica , Peterson Daniel , DiRusso Concetta 
Published: June 2021

Recent research showed that dietary fat impacts gut microbiota (GM) composition with consequences for host metabolism, particularly in the case of saturated fatty acids (SFA). However, little is known about the impact of other types of fatty acids (FA) on the interaction between GM and host. In this study, we evaluated the impact of diets enriched in health‐promoting polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in comparison to SFA on host‐GM interactions. C57Bl/6 mice were placed on normal‐fat (7%) diets with the lipid portion enriched in one of the following: SFA, PUFA, HUFA, or a SFA/HUFA mixture. SFA increased body and liver weight, and liver triglycerides compared to the HUFA‐containing diets. HUFA resulted in the lowest amount of total liver FA and the highest amount of fecal excretion. In the liver, FA synthase and steroyl‐CoA desaturase expression was increased with SFA and PUFA compared to HUFA‐containing diets, while expression of Lipocalins 2 and 13 showed the opposite trend. In the gut, Bacteroides were significantly increased in the SFA/HUFA diet compared to the other three diets. Bifidobacteria were increased in the mice fed PUFA and HUFA‐enriched diets. In conclusion, dietary PUFA and, especially, HUFA enrichment resulted in beneficial changes in metabolic parameters and, speculatively, GM. Continuing research focuses on determining the relationship between the two.Grant Funding Source: Supported by University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division Strategic Research Initiatives
Effect of supplementation with astaxanthin in CD1 mice submitted to chronic stress in Peyer's patches (638.6)
Authors: Martinez‐Carrillo Beatriz , Oros Rigoberto , Delgadillo Angeles , Valdés‐Ramos Roxana 
Published: June 2021

Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant, it decreases oxidative stress, inflammatory response and increases the immune response. Chronic stress stimulates the secretion of hormones that affect the immune system, such an effect has not been studied at the level of the intestinal mucosa. The objective is to determine the effect of supplementation with astaxanthin in CD1 mice submitted to chronic stress in Peyer's patches of the intestinal mucosae. 32 CD1 10‐week old mice were used, 30‐35 g/weight, divided into 4 groups: Control (CL), chronic stress (CS), astaxanthin (A) Chronic stress plus astaxanthin (EC + A); astaxanthin was administered orally at doses of 4 mg/g. An unpredictable chronic stress scheme was used. T‐lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+) and B (CD19+) were determined by flow cytometry. CD3+ T‐lymphocytes increased as follows: EC (40.57 ± 9.88), EC + A (30.49 ± 6.46), A (38.98 ± 9.06) compared with CL (27.47 ± 7.77), with F = 4.88 (p 蠄 0.004); at the expense of TCD4+ cells: CL (23.14 ± 5.85), EC (30.86 ± 6.28), EC + a (33.82 ± 7.41), A (28.92 ± 5.61), F = 9.04 (p 蠄 0.001) and TCD8+, CL (3.51 ± 1.24), EC (5.83 ± 1.65), EC + A (6.68 ± 1.35), A (8.26 ± 1.67) F = 10.24 (p 蠄 0.001). B cells showed no significant differences. Astaxanthin enhances the immune response in Peyer's patches, altering the normal proportion TCD4+ / CD8+.Grant Funding Source: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Promep
Innate immune modulatory effects of elderberry polysaccharides in murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 (647.40)
Authors: Lu Chi‐Hua , Lei Wei , Fritsche Kevin 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Botanical‐derived polysaccharides have been suggested to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses in mammals, and elderberry consumption has also been linked to fewer sick days during cold/flu season. Therefore, we hypothesized that the immune modulatory effects of elderberry may be partially contributed by its polysaccharides.Experimental design: The polysaccharides from freeze‐dried whole elderberry (EP) were prepared by hot water and ethanol precipitation method. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), extracellular nitric oxide (NO), and gene expressions were measured from sample‐treated RAW 264.7 cells.Results: Ranging from 2 μg/mL to 30 μg/mL, EP stimulated the production of ROS/NO in a dose‐dependent manner, and the 30 μg/mL EP yielded maximum ROS/NO production as the 100 ng/mL Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) did. A PCR array for mouse NF‐kB pathway (PAMM‐025A, Qiagen) was used to compare the expression of 84 genes 4 hr after treatment of RAW cells with EP or LPS. Eighty of the 84 genes were found to be similarly expressed in the EP‐treated compared to LPS‐stimulated RAW cells.Conclusion: Elderberry polysaccharides stimulated immune responses in RAW 264.7 cells through NF‐kB pathway by its LPS‐like activity. Future research is undertaken to further differentiate activities of botanical polysaccharides from potential botanical endotoxins.Grant Funding Source: NIH P50AT006273
Right ventricular remolding, dysfunction, and pulmonary arterial hypertension following left ventricular myocardial infarction (648.7)
Authors: Huber Jason , Platt Mathew , Romanova Nadya , Wright David , Simpson Jeremy 
Published: June 2021

Assessment of cardiac function in patients with heart failure (HF) is generally limited to the evaluation of systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle (LV). Right ventricle (RV) dysfunction is considered a sequelae of LV HF. However, the pathogenesis of RV remodeling has received little attention. Our objective was to investigate the progression of RV function following LV myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Left and right ventricle remodeling was assessed using invasive hemodynamics, molecular and histomorphometric approaches at 2, 4 9 and 18 weeks post‐MI induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Results: Invasive hemodynamics revealed a decrease in LV contractility and systolic blood pressure and an increase in end diastolic pressures (EDP), which remained stable until 18 weeks post‐MI. In contrast, RV systolic pressure and contractility initially increased at 2 weeks prior to a drop off from 4 to 18 weeks post‐MI. In addition RV EDP was elevated at all time points. Re‐expression of fetal genes occurred in both ventricles with greater change of several genes in the RV as compared to the LV. Histological analysis revealed significant increases in cardiomyocyte cross sectional area and fibrosis in both LV and RV. Conclusion: Significant RV remodeling and dysfunction is evident immediately following a LV MI and may play an important and underappreciated role in the development of LV HF.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Canadian Institute of Health Research
The role of β‐arrestin 2 and GRK5/6 in development of differential tolerance to morphine in the colon and ileum (653.3)
Authors: Bhave Sukhada , Datta de Dipanjana , Dewey William , Akbarali Hamid 
Published: June 2021

Morphine, the most often used analgesic for chronic pain, is associated with severe side‐effects including nausea, abdominal pain, constipation. Development of tolerance is the major drawback of morphine that limits its clinical efficacy. Tolerance develops to many of the effects of morphine but not to constipation. Previous findings from our lab suggest that tolerance to chronic morphine develops in the ileum but not in the colon. β‐arrestin 2 is implicated with development of tolerance to morphine. Anti‐nociceptive tolerance is associated with uncoupling of GPCRs following binding of β‐arrestin 2 to GRK‐phosphorylated opioid receptors. In the present study we elucidate the role of β‐arrestin 2 in differential response to chronic morphine in the colon and ileum. We identified 4 out of 13 known β‐arrestin 2 splice variants (ARRB2‐006, 005, 013 and 001) in the colon and ileum by RNA‐seq. RT‐PCR analysis confirmed the presence of these variants in both tissues. The mRNA expression of each of the four β‐arrestin 2 variants was 10‐fold higher in the ileum as compared to the colon. On chronic morphine treatment, the expression of all the β‐arrestin 2 variants decreased in the ileum by 80% but remained unchanged in the colon. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of GRK5 and GRK6 decreased in the ileum on chronic morphine treatment by about 50‐70% but not in the colon. We, thus, hypothesize that down regulation of β‐arrestin 2 and GRK 5/6 is associated with development of tolerance in the ileum.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH DA024009 and DK046367
Diuretic activity in rats: the ethanol and aqueous extracts of rhubarb (657.1)
Authors: Yin Lu , Feng Ya‐Long , Tian Ting , Chen Hua , Chen Dan‐Qian , Zhao Ying‐Yong 
Published: June 2021

Aim: Rhubarb (Da Huang in Chinese), a worldwide herb, is commonly used as an ingredient of numerous herbal formulations to treat a large amount of diseases related to constipation, hepatitis, cholecystitis, as well as diabetic nephropathy (DN) and chronic renal failure (CRF). The aim of this study is to evaluate the diuretic activities of ethanol extract (EE) and aqueous extract (AE) of rhubarb in saline‐loaded rats to explore their potential mechanism and future research opportunities. Methods: Urinary excretion rate, pH and electrolyte excretion were measured in the urine after orally administered to rats by EE (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg) and AE (500 mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg). Results: In the study, both EE and AE increased the urinary excretion rate. Nevertheless, AE enhanced the urinary output slightly while EE significantly increased the urinary excretion. The three doses of EE produced an increase Na+, K+ and Cl‐ excretion. EE at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses increased pH values while 800 mg/kg dose showed decrease in pH values. All the three doses of AE showed an increase in the Na+, K+ and Cl‐ excretion significantly. The three doses of AE decreased pH values meaningfully. Conclusions: These date suggest that it is ethanol extracts instead of aqueous extracts of rhubarb that presents a remarkable diuretic effect. The results provide a quantitative basis to explain the use of rhubarb as a diuretic agent. Research will be continued to elucidate the mechanism of the diuretic action particularly the structure‐activity relationship of the bioactive components in the most bioactive fractions.Acknowledgements:This study was supported by the Program for the Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No. IRT1174), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81001622) and the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi (13‐ZY006).
Effects of the kappa opioid antagonist nor‐binaltorphimine on cocaine vs. food choice and extended‐access cocaine intake in rhesus monkeys (658.6)
Authors: Hutsell Blake , Banks Matthew , Negus Steve , Rice Kenner 
Published: June 2021

The dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system (KOR) has been implicated as one potential neurobiological target for treating cocaine addiction. This study determined effects of the KOR antagonist nor‐binaltorphimine (nor‐BNI) on cocaine self‐administration by rhesus monkeys responding under a novel procedure that featured two daily components: (1) 2‐h choice sessions (9‐11am) when monkeys could choose between food pellets and cocaine (0‐0.1 mg/kg/inj, IV), and (2) 20‐h “extended access” sessions (noon‐8am) when only cocaine (0.1 mg/kg/inj) was available under a fixed‐ratio schedule to promote high daily cocaine intakes. After 14 days of responding under this novel procedure, nor‐BNI (3.2 mg/kg, IM) was administered, and responding was evaluated for an additional 14 days. Consistent with previous studies, cocaine maintained a dose‐dependent increase in cocaine choice, and monkeys also self‐administered cocaine throughout the extended access component. Total daily intake averaged 7.5±0.66 mg/kg cocaine. Nor‐BNI treatment had no significant effect on cocaine choice either during or after withdrawal from extended cocaine access. These results suggest the dynorphin/KOR system does not play a major role in cocaine self‐administration under these conditions. These results also do not support the utility of KOR antagonists as medications to treat ongoing cocaine use in persons dependent on cocaine.Grant Funding Source: Funded by NIH grant R01DA026946.
Buprenorphine analgesia requires exon 11‐associated mu opioid receptor splice variants (659.11)
Authors: Grinnell Steven , Majumdar Susruta , Ansonoff Michael , Pintar John , Pan Ying‐Xian , Pasternak Gavril 
Published: June 2021

Buprenorphine is a potent analgesic with an attractive side effect profile. Although it is considered a partial mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonist and a weak partial agonist or antagonist at kappa opioid receptors, it also competes MOR exon 11‐associated IBNtxA binding with high affinity. We therefore sought to examine the roles of exon 11‐ and exon 1‐associated MOR splice variants in buprenorphine analgesia. Exon 11 knockout animals showed a profound loss of analgesia in the tail flick assay at doses over 300 times the analgesic ED50 in wildtype C57 controls, despite the fact that these animals have intact full length MOR‐1 receptors and other opioids such as morphine and methadone retain full analgesic efficacy. Furthermore, administration of a high dose of buprenorphine actually reversed morphine analgesia in these animals. In exon 1 or triple opioid knockout (MOR exon 1, DOR, and KOR) animals, analgesia was also significantly reduced relative to wildtype controls, suggesting that full buprenorphine analgesic efficacy requires both exon 11‐ and exon 1‐associated MOR splice variants, and that the pharmacology of buprenorphine is more complicated than previously believed.Grant Funding Source: Supported by DA02615, DA06241, DA07242 (GWP); DA013997 (YXP); and the PhRMA Foundation (SGG)