bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation Approach of Rock Brittleness Index for Fracturing Acidizing Based on Energy Evolution Theory and Damage Constitutive Relation
Authors: Jin Shaobo , Wang Xin , Wang Zhen , Mo Shaoyuan , Zhang Fengshou , Tang Jizhou 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcidizing, as an essential approach for well stimulation of sandstone or carbonate reservoirs, greatly affects the brittleness of the rock mass. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a scientific brittleness evaluation methodology for the acid-corroded rock. In this paper, firstly, a damage constitutive model considering the compression hardening process of the acid-corroded sandstone under uniaxial loading is established and verified. Then, the evolution formulae of the relevant mechanical and fitting parameters are derived, and the stress-strain curve of the sandstone subjected to acid corrosion with soaking time is predicted. Finally, a theoretical model for evaluating the brittleness index (BI) of the acid-corroded sandstone based on energy evolution theory and damage constitutive relation is proposed. Based on this model, the BI of the sandstone subjected to acid corrosion is calculated and analyzed, and the BI of the acid-corroded sandstone with the soaking time is predicted. Results show that the BI of the sandstone is negatively correlated with the soaking time, and the rate of descent of the BI decreases with the increment of the soaking time. In addition, the decline degree of the BI has a negative correlation with the pH value. On the other hand, the temperature (25°C, 50°C, and 75°C) has greater weakening effects on the BI compared with the impact of the pressure (5 MPa, 10 MPa, and 15 MPa). Besides, days 50 and 120 are two turning points where the decreasing rates of the BI change from rapid to slow and slow to almost constant, respectively. Furthermore, a coefficient (θ) is proposed to quantify the effect of the acid corrosion, and some suggestions are provided for the application of the acidizing treatment.
Utilizing High-Frequency In-Bit Sensor Data Improves Drillbit Design and Modelling
Authors: Krough Bradley , Corbitt Paul , Cazares Lucia , Masdea James , Scadden David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Modern drill bits designs have become more efficient using static modelling, and in more advanced cases, time-based dynamic modelling. These methods have created improved cutting structures that fail rock more effectively, however, at-bit vibrations are difficult to estimate because of the high-frequency nature of the vibration and its proximity to typical vibration sensors. In conventional applications, vibration is not measured near the bit. A solution to capture this data on conventional assemblies and use the data in an actual bit design is presented in this paper with subsequent performance and vibration results. The relative efficiency, bit dull grading, and vibration performance are compared across these designs and explored in depth.
This new generation of vibration tool fits inside the bit pin, enabling accurate at-bit vibration measurements by a suite of sensors. The tool includes a tri-axis accelerometer that measures lateral and axial acceleration, and gyro sensors to measure rpm and torsional acceleration. Together, these outputs combine with the rig surface data to have time- and depth-based vibration data in the context of the run. When used to quantify the dynamic model, this represents a modelling calibration that improves bit design performance. The lower-vibration environment created by the new bit design enables the operator to run increased parameters with a lower likelihood for measurement-while-drilling (MWD) failures, motor failures, and premature catastrophic bit failures leading to faster run times and less nonproductive time (NPT). These results also prove that meaningful bit design changes can take place more frequently than through traditional means, translating value to the operator in the form more successful BHA improvements and less drilling time.
Using the new in-bit sensor in a baseline design to start the design cycle, a baseline mechanical specific energy (MSE) and vibration model was developed foot-by-foot. The worst areas of vibration were seen as the bit became dull in the lower section of the drilling interval. A new dull bit model was created in parallel to capture this section of data. A new design was proposed to Whiting Petroleum to improve both sharp and dull efficiency and vibration, and subsequently run with sensor in an offset well.
Reservoir Simulation Studies for Planning Monitoring Schemes for CO2 Storage
Authors: Nikolakopoulos-Skelly Georgios , Giddins Marie Ann , Xu Rong , Ezeogu Chioma , Jackson Matthew 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we describe an approach to designing monitoring schemes for carbon dioxide sequestration in saline aquifers. Changes in key parameters are investigated over timescales of up to a thousand years. The study addresses movement of the CO2 plume, possible locations for observation wells and the period for which a storage location should be monitored.
For the initial sensitivity analysis, we use a simple homogeneous reservoir simulation model to understand how reservoir, operational and model parameters affect the amount of mobile CO2 remaining at different times over the storage period. The parameters with the greatest impact are taken forward to uncertainty studies, which are conducted on two reservoir models with more realistic geological characteristics: one with lateral extensive baffles and one with sand channels. For these cases, we investigate the movement of the CO2 plume and its arrival at possible locations for an observation well.
Results from the sensitivity analysis indicate that the most influential parameters are horizontal permeability, dipping angle, critical gas saturation, salinity, the period of injection and the capillary pressure curve. The results from the uncertainty studies indicate that for the two heterogeneous models, a reasonable monitoring period is in the range of 60 to 150 years and that the movement of the plume probably stops after approximately 100 years. The arrival time of CO2 at the observation well can be predicted with greater confidence when the well is in close proximity to the injector and in the direction in which CO2 will preferably move. A correlation analysis on the uncertain parameters shows that the main contributor affecting the amount of mobile CO2 is critical gas saturation, followed by dipping angle and the period of injection.
While previous studies focus on how different parameters affect immobilization of CO2, this study aims to develop a methodology to plan long-term monitoring of mobile CO2. Prediction of the expected plume movement can help to determine suitable observation well locations and reasonable timescales for the monitoring process.
Application of Laser and Plasma for Thermal Assisted Drilling in Carbonated Formations
Authors: Bazargan Mohsen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Employing novel drilling, and tunneling methods are active area of study since 1930s. In the present report, an Experimental study of the thermal impact of laser and plasma torch on carbonated rocks as part of thermal assisted drilling operation is presented. The experimental findings are then evaluated and verified by the Kirch's equations for stresses and strains around a cylindrical borehole. Since it is vital to carefully studying the wellbore stability in this type of drilling method, especially if it is associated with underbalanced drilling (UBD) and or Managed pressure drilling (MPD), further numerical investigations are carried out to highlight the necessary considerations in this regard.
Application of Long Endurance UAS for Top-Down Methane Emission Measurements of Oil and Gas Facilities in an Offshore Environment
Authors: Tavner Charles Alexander , Touzel Daniel Francis , Smith Brendan James 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Oil & gas (O&G) operators are increasingly focused on decarbonization and reaching net-zero carbon emissions. The O&G industry seeks to minimise methane emissions. Verification of estimated emissions using top down measurement methods represents a critical component of this effort.
A novel approach to operationalizing top-down emissions surveys was developed and demonstrated, leveraging expertise in unmanned vehicle application, innovative methane emissions measurement technology, and an O&G industry collaborator. The inspection technique utilizes a fixed-wing unmanned aircraft to perform a remote offshore asset inspection while safely launching and recovering onshore. This method enables the collection of many tens of thousands individual point methane concentration measurements and affords the ability to resolve facility-level methane emissions and in conjunction with appropriate environmental conditions information, derive an accurate emission rate for an individual asset, while accounting for background fluctuation and potential upwind sources.The unmanned aircraft does not require any crew or equipment to be taken offshore or make modifications to the asset, thus allowing inspections to be performed with minimum impact to facility operations. This work overcame significant regulatory hurdles to fly long distance unmanned aircraft in congested airspace, developed detailed operational procedures and demonstrated the safety of the technique to both the O&G and aviation community, and the effectiveness of the measurement technology. The work demonstrated the suitability of the technique for operationalisation for routine measurement programmes.
Interaction of the TRIM46 / MUC1 locus with cigarette smoking may influence the risk of gout.
Authors: Fanning Niamh , Topless Ruth K , Phipps-Green Amanda , Pearson John F , Cadzow Murray , Major Tanya J , White Douglas H , Dalbeth Nicola , Merriman Tony , Stamp Lisa K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Some studies suggest that current-smoking may be protective against gout and smoking cessation associated with higher incidence of gout. Our study assessed potential interactions between smoking, genetic variants and gout prevalence. Methods: Four loci (ABCG2, GCKR, TRIM46, HNF4G) with evidence of smoking-influenced associations with serum urate were tested for non-additive interaction with current-smoker or ex-smoker status that associates with gout in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) East and West Polynesian participants with (n=520) and without (n=629) gout. Results: Ex-smoker status was associated with higher prevalence of gout in people with East Polynesian but not West Polynesian ancestry. No association was detected between current smoking and gout. An interaction between TRIM46 (rs11264341) and ex-smoker status that associates with gout was observed in meta-analysis of NZ East and West Polynesians [ORInteraction= 0.58 (0.37-0.92)]. Never-smokers who were homozygous for the rs11264341 C-allele had higher odds of gout [OR= 2.43 (1.27; 4.64)], but not never-smoker heterozygotes [1.20 (0.73; 1.97]. The C allele was not associated with gout in ex-smokers [0.73 (0.36-1.47)]. No interactions involving current-smoker status were detected.Conclusions: We provide evidence for a non-additive interaction between TRIM46 (rs11264341) and ex-smoker status that associated with gout prevalence. MUC1, which encodes a transmembrane mucin in the lungs affected by cigarette smoke, is a possible candidate gene at this locus. No interaction involving current-smoker status was observed raising uncertainties about the relevance of an interaction specific to ex-smokers.
Why Patients Do Not Comply With Headache Diaries?
Authors: Borbinha Cláudia , Martins Isabel Pavão 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background/ObjectiveHeadache calendars are part of good clinical practice in headache clinics. However, patients’ compliance is rather variable. We aim to identify factors associated with poor compliance.MethodsConsecutive patients observed in follow-up visits of a tertiary headache center were divided into two groups; with a fullfilled calendar (Calendar compliers, CC) and without calendar (Calendar noncompliers, CNC). Incomplete /forgotten records were excluded. Demographic and clinical variables were compared, and CNC were asked the reasons for not filling the calendar. ResultsFrom 93 patients (45.6±13.3 years, on average; 83 females), the majority with migraine (96.8%), 61.3% were CC. CNC were more likely to have medication overuse (34.5% vs. 12.3%, p=0.01) and had a tendency to be paid workers (79.3% vs. 52.6%, p=0.05) compared to CC.Most CC considered calendars useful to improve doctors and patients knowledge about headaches.ConclusionsAlthough these results need to be evaluated in other contexts, they suggest that patients with medication overuse have a more denial attitute towards headache records and may need additional reinforcement.
A Preliminary Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability For Ngazidja Island, Comoros Archipelago, Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Mahamoud Avouca , Gzam Maher , Mohamed Nadjim Ahmed , Hamada Soulé Hamidou , Montacer Mabrouk 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In previous studies, an emphasis on the particular vulnerability of small island states to future sea-level rise and the intensity of increasing storm surges has been discussed. This preliminary assessment develops a Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) along the 202 km long coastline of Ngazidja Island (formerly Grande Comore, Comoros Archipelago), using fieldwork, remote sensing, and geographic information system tools (GIS). The CVI considers five structural variables: (a) geology, (b) geomorphology, (c) topography, (d) shoreline change, and (e) shoreline exposure). It also considers three physical process variables: (f) relative sea-level rise, (g) significant wave height, and (h) mean tide range). The land-use variable was added in this analysis to highlight the human asset exposure in the surrounding areas. Each variable was ranked based on local physical and hydrodynamic conditions and their vulnerability contribution to sea-level rise. The CVI was computed in 270 sections. According to the vulnerability index, approximately 57.5% of the coastline is under low and moderate vulnerability. High and very-high vulnerabilities refer specifically to beaches and shores with old volcanic lava flows located mainly in the northern, northeastern, and southeastern parts of the island, approximately 42.5% of the coastline. The lowest value of CVI is 9.2 on high, rocky cliffs and the highest value is 160 on beaches. This vulnerability partition along the coastline is consistent with in situ indicators of coastal erosion and flooding. In a sea-level rise context, it is of prime importance to integrate coastal vulnerability maps with planning and sustainable management of the coastal zone.
Predictors of Extra-Pulmonary Metastatic Disease in Patients with Recurrent Lung Cancer
Authors: Grey Tyler M , Alabousi Abdullah , Alabousi Mostafa , Haider Ehsan A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Its poor prognosis is associated with late detection and high recurrence rates. We aimed to determine if certain imaging characteristics of lung cancer recurrence were predictors of extra-pulmonary metastatic disease.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of all patients at our institution with lung cancer recurrence detected on post-treatment imaging between January 2014-October 2019. Research ethics board approval was obtained. Included patients underwent pre-treatment imaging, surgical resection, and post-treatment imaging. Imaging characteristics and pathological findings of the pulmonary lesions were analyzed. Univariate logistic regression was performed to assess for potential predictors of extra-pulmonary metastatic disease. The variables evaluated were age, gender, original and recurrent lesion size and imaging characteristics, recurrence location, presence of chest wall or mediastinal invasion, lymphadenopathy, and malignancy subtype. Results: 76 patients were included (33 males; mean age 70.9, standard deviation [SD] 7.7). The primary lesions were adenocarcinoma (N=50), squamous cell carcinoma (N=21), and other (N=5). The mean time to recurrence was 24.3 months (SD=18.8) from date of surgical excision. The two significant predictors of extra-pulmonary metastatic disease were: having >1 recurrent lesion (odds ratio [OR], 8.1; p=0.004), and the presence of suspicious lymphadenopathy at the time of recurrence (OR, 14.1; p<0.001).Conclusion: In lung cancer recurrence, the presence of >1 recurrent lesion and suspicious lymphadenopathy at the time of recurrence were significant predictors of extra-pulmonary metastatic disease. These findings may help guide the risk stratification and management of patients with recurrent lung cancer.
The Effect of Farming Environment on Asthma; Time Dependent or Universal?
Authors: Madsen Marie Kjær , Schlünssen Vivi , Svanes Cecilie , Johannessen Ane , Jõgi Niels Oskar , Holm Mathias , Janson Christer , Pereira-Vega Antonio , Lowe Adrian J. , Franklin Karl A. , Malinovschi Andrei , Sigsgaard Torben , Abramson Michael J. , Bertelsen Randi , Oudin Anna , Gislason Thorarinn , Timm Signe 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The increasing prevalence of asthma is linked to westernization and urbanization. Farm environments have been associated with a lower risk of asthma development. However, this may not be universal, as the association differs across birth cohorts and farming methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of farm upbringing with asthma in different generations and at different times in history. Methods: The study population consisted of three generations: 13,868 subjects participating in the ECRHS in 2010, their 9,638 parents, and their 8,885 offspring participating in RHINESSA in 2013. Information on place of upbringing and self-reported ever asthma was provided via questionnaires. Logistic regression was performed including subgroup analysis stratified by generation and birthyear into ten-year-intervals. Results: The prevalence of asthma increased from 8% among grandparents to 13% among parents and to 18% among offspring. An overall analysis showed an inverse association of farm upbringing on the risk of asthma (OR=0.64; 95%CI 0.55-0.74). Subgroup analysis stratified into ten-year-intervals showed a tendency towards a more pronounced inverse association between growing up on a farm and asthma among subjects born in the 1940s (0.74; 0.48-1.12), 1950s (0.70; 0.54-0.90) and 1960s (0.70; 0.52-0.93). For subjects born in 1970 and thereafter this association appeared less consistent.Conclusion: While growing up on a farm was associated with a reduced risk of developing asthma in participants born between 1945-1999, this was mainly driven by generations born from 1945 to 1973.
A Case of Pasteurella Multocida Pneumonia, Bacteremia, and Septic Shock
Authors: Tang Wesley , Das Sulagna , Galbraith James 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is a ubiquitous organism found in the oropharynx of healthy domestic animals, especially dogs and cats. It is most known as a human pathogen, reported after animal bite incidents. In atraumatic infections, Pasteurella has been associated with patients in an immunocompromised state, such as those with Hodgkin’s lymphoma, patients with known cirrhosis, or those with preexisting cavitary pulmonary lesions. It is rare to isolate Pasteurella in an immunocompetent patient without known trauma. Here, we present a case of Pasteurella multocida pneumonia, bacteremia, and septic shock in an individual without a history of an animal bite, with a review of relevant literature.
Clinical Outcomes After Treatment With Direct Antiviral Agents: Beyond The Virological Response in Patients With Previous HCV-Related Decompensated Cirrhosis
Authors: PAGEAUX Georges-Philippe , NZINGA Clovis LUSIVIKA , GANNE Nathalie , SAMUEL Didier , DORIVAL Céline , ZOULIM Fabien , CAGNOT Carole , DECAENS Thomas , THABUT Dominique , ASSELAH Tarik , MATHURIN Philippe , HABERSETZER François , BRONOWICKI Jean-Pierre , GUYADER Dominique , ROSA Isabelle , LEROY Vincent , CHAZOUILLERES Olivier , DE LEDINGHEN Victor , BOURLIERE Marc , CAUSSE Xavier , CALES Paul , METIVIER Sophie , LOUSTAUD-RATTI Véronique , RIACHI Ghassan , ALRIC Laurent , GELU-SIMEON Moana , MINELLO Anne , GOURNAY Jérôme , GEIST Claire , TRAN Albert , ABERGEL Armand , PORTAL Isabelle , D’ALTEROCHE Louis , RAFFI François , FONTAINE Hélène , CARRAT Fabrice , POL Stanislas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
In HCV-infected patients with advanced liver disease, the direct antiviral agents (DAAS)-associated clinical benefits remain debated. We compared the clinical outcome of patients with a previous history of decompensated cirrhosis following treatment or not with DAAs from the French ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort.
Methods
We identified HCV patients who had experienced an episode of decompensated cirrhosis. Study outcomes were all-cause mortality, liver-related or non-liver-related deaths, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation. Secondary study outcomes were sustained virological response (SVR) and its clinical benefits
Results
559 patients met the identification criteria, of which 483 received DAA and 76 remained untreated after inclusion in the cohort. The median follow-up time was 39·7 (IQR: 22·7–51) months. After adjustment for multivariate analysis, exposure to DAAs was associated with a decrease in all-cause mortality (HR 0·45, 95% CI 0·24–0·84, p = 0·01) and non-liver-related death (HR 0·26, 95% CI 0·08–0·82, p = 0·02), and was not associated with liver-related death, decrease in hepatocellular carcinoma and need for liver transplantation. The SVR was 88%. According to adjusted multivariable analysis, SVR achievement was associated with a decrease in all-cause mortality (HR 0·29, 95% CI 0·15–0·54, p < 0·0001), liver-related mortality (HR 0·40, 95% CI 0·17–0·96, p = 0·04), non-liver-related mortality (HR 0·17, 95% CI 0·06–0·49, p = 0.001), liver transplantation (HR 0·17, 95% CI 0·05–0·54, p = 0.003), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HR 0·52, 95% CI 0·29–0·93, p = 0·03).
Conclusion
Treatment with DAAS is associated with reduced risk for mortality. Thus, DAA treatment should be considered for any patient with HCV-related decompensated cirrhosis.