bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of multi‐factors on heterocharges for oil‐impregnated paper in converter transformer using modified charge transport model
Authors: Yan Shen , Liu Jiefeng , Fan Xianhao , Zhang Yiyi , Shi Mingchen , Zhang Heng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe heterocharge accumulated in the oil‐paper insulation system of the converter transformer will enhance the local electric field and cause insulation deterioration. Numerical simulation is an effective method to analyze heterocharge. Currently, the numerical simulation of heterocharge is mainly based on the bipolar charge transport (BCT) model and the impurity ion transport (IIT) model. However, the effects of temperature, conductivity, and thickness of oil‐impregnated paper on charge transport have not been considered in these models. In view of this, a modified charge transport (MCT) model by introducing the Maxwell–Wagner model and heat conduction equation is proposed in this paper based on the BCT model and IIT model. Then, the influence of multi‐factors (temperature gradient, moisture content, and oil‐impregnated paper thickness) on heterocharge accumulation is investigated by using the MCT model. The simulation results obtained by the MCT model are more consistent with the experimental results than the BCT model, which proves the accuracy and superiority of the MCT model. Moreover, the increase in temperature gradient, moisture content, and oil‐impregnated paper thickness will enlarge the ion dissociation rate, conductivity, and trap density, and thus promote the generation of heterocharge. In that respect, the MCT model is expected to optimize the insulation design and provide a reference for space charge dynamic simulation.
Class structure‐aware adversarial loss for cross‐domain human action recognition
Authors: Chen Wanjun , Liu Long , Lin Guangfeng , Chen Yajun , Wang Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCross‐domain action recognition is a challenging vision task due to the domain shift and the absence of labeled data in the target domain. With only labelled source domain and unlabelled target domain data during training, some existing methods rely on an adversarial framework to align the features from different domains to a common latent space. However, the existing adversarial‐based approaches have a major limitation of only attempting to perform the alignment from a holistic view, ignoring the underlying coherence of class structure across domains. A class structure‐aware adversarial loss (CSCAL) is presented to address this issue. The CSCAL incorporates the category information into the adversarial learning branch to capture the fine‐grained alignment of each class, effectively avoiding the false mixup of samples from different categories in the embedding space. Experiments on HMDB51, UCF101 and Olympic Sports datasets show significant improvement compared to the baseline. Code and trained model can be found at https://github.com/bregmangh/CSCAL.
Moving target inverse synthetic aperture radar image resolution enhancement based on two‐dimensional block sparse signal reconstruction
Authors: He Xingyu , Tong Ningning , Liu Tao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo achieve the high‐resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of moving targets, the range Doppler method and compressed sensing technique can be used. However, those methods are generally faced with the problem of migration through range cells and basis mismatch problems, and the imaging results can be improved. To solve these problems and improve the image quality, the problem of ISAR imaging is termed as a block‐sparse signal recovery problem by utilizing the block‐sparse structure of the ISAR images. A localized low‐rank promoting (LLP) method is introduced and extended to the complex case for the recovery of range compressed block‐sparse signals. The sparse recovery problem is solved by minimizing another function, which is the surrogate function that can be solved more effectively. Based on the LLP method, the coefficients of the range compressed echo signal are reconstructed and some 2 × 2 matrices can be obtained. And then the log‐determinant function is introduced to find the low rankness solutions for these matrices. Then the LLP method is also used in the cross‐range domain to reconstruct the ISAR image. Experimental results show that the proposed method can recover better focused and higher quality ISAR images compared with the traditional methods.
Rail transit OD‐matrix completion via manifold regularized tensor factorisation
Authors: Dong Hanxuan , Ding Fan , Tan Huachun , Wu Yuankai , Li Qin , Ran Bin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUrban rail transit has become an indispensable mode in major cities worldwide regarding the advantages of large capacity, high speed, punctuality, and environmental protection. Origin‐destination (OD) matrix data is crucial to the organisation of rail train operation and management. Nevertheless, rail transit OD matrices are inevitably suffered from data loss problems due to the data transmission and acquisition failures. Tensor completion is a state‐of‐the‐art method for missing data imputation. In this paper, a novel tensor completion method for OD‐ matrix completion is proposed. To this end, an OD‐matrix tensor is established to represent OD information, and the similarity matrix of OD‐matrix tensor for each dimension is extracted as a piece of auxiliary information expressing underlying multi‐mode relationships of OD data. Finally, a manifold regularised tensor factorisation is applied to impute the missing OD data, in which the Graph Laplacians inferred from similarity weight matrices are used as regularisation priors on factorisation factors. The proposed model is applied to a case study of the metro line in Xi'an, China. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms baselines. It can accurately impute missing data within the OD matrices and work well even when the missing ratio is up to 80%.
Healthcare Stereotype Threat and Health Outcomes Among LGB Individuals
Authors: Fingerhut Adam W , Martos Alexander J , Choi Soon Kyu , Abdou Cleopatra M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background/Purpose
Health disparities between sexual minorities and heterosexuals are well documented and have been explained by differential access to healthcare as well as exposure to discrimination. The current research examines the role that healthcare stereotype threat, or the fear of being judged by healthcare providers based on negative group stereotypes, plays in the health of LGB individuals.

Methods
LGB individuals (N = 1507) in three age cohorts were recruited via random digit dialing to participate in a larger study on sexual minority health. Participants completed measures assessing healthcare stereotype threat, lifetime health diagnoses, life satisfaction, and number of bad physical health days and personal distress in the past 30 days.

Results
Healthcare stereotype threat was associated with higher psychological distress and number of reported bad physical health days. Additionally, the Younger and Middle cohorts reported more stereotype threat than the Older cohort, but reported significantly higher levels of life satisfaction in the face of this threat than those in the Older cohort.

Conclusions
Healthcare stereotype threat was related to poorer mental and physical health among LGB individuals; this was true when these outcomes were assessed over the past 30 days but not when they were assessed in general. Cohort differences in healthcare stereotype threat suggest potential important within group variation that needs further investigating. The research broadens the contexts to which stereotype threat is relevant and establishes a stressor related to LGB health.
A Colonial Legal Laboratory? Jurisprudential Innovation in British India
Authors: Likhovski Assaf 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this Article, I examine jurisprudence textbooks and related works written in British India in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Some of the jurisprudential works from India were not merely summaries of the leading English books, but were different from English works in three senses. First, the gap between English theories and Indian legal realities led some authors to question key English notions about the nature and development of law. Second, some of the works produced in India were more influenced by Continental and American legal theories than the equivalent English textbooks. Sometimes this was due to the fact that the authors of these works had some Continental training, and sometimes the non-English influence reflected a wider anticolonial nationalist move away from English culture. Finally, the influence of nationalism also led some Indian legal scholars to create a unique genre of jurisprudential works: Texts that used Western jurisprudential theories to describe the main features of Hindu (and, to a lesser extent, also Islamic) law.
These unique aspects of colonial jurisprudential works illustrate a broader phenomenon: the fact that legal scholars in imperial peripheries such as India were not always simply passive receivers of ideas produced at the center of empires, but in some cases created works containing interesting jurisprudential insights. The notion that India was a “legal laboratory” in which legal scholars experimented with new ideas has already been discussed in the literature, largely based on examples taken from the fields of legislation (the codification of English law in nineteenth-century India) or forensic science. This Article explores the extent to which India was also a site of jurisprudential innovation.
Early Black Worldmaking: Body, Compass, and Text
Authors: Madera Judith 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
“Early Black Worldmaking: Body, Compass, and Text” previews a Black cultural history of the abolition epoch. It focuses on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century author–activists. Judith Madera tracks an emancipatory network that linked pioneering abolitionist communities in the Caribbean and US by print channels and shared place-based histories. Madera states that Black geographies grew up in reading societies, church organizations, cottage industries, women’s leadership groups, social clubs, and political debate fora. Black women abolitionists, she claims, called for a civics that first needed to be built. They cast blueprints for better worlds because they could imagine that other worlds were possible.
Evolution of genome space occupation in ferns: linking genome diversity and species richness
Authors: Fujiwara Tao , Liu Hongmei , Meza-Torres Esteban I , Morero Rita E , Vega Alvaro J , Liang Zhenlong , Ebihara Atsushi , Leitch Ilia J , Schneider Harald 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
The dynamics of genome evolution caused by whole genome duplications and other processes are hypothesized to shape the diversification of plants and thus contribute to the astonishing variation in species richness among the main lineages of land plants. Ferns, the second most species-rich lineage of land plants, are highly suitable to test this hypothesis because of several unique features that distinguish fern genomes from those of seed plants. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that genome diversity and disparity shape fern species diversity by recording several parameters related to genome size and chromosome number.

Methods
We conducted de novo measurement of DNA C-values across the fern phylogeny to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of the genome space occupation in ferns by integrating genomic parameters such as genome size, chromosome number and average DNA amount per chromosome into a time-scaled phylogenetic framework. Using phylogenetic generalized least square methods, we determined correlations between chromosome number and genome size, species diversity and evolutionary rates of their transformation.

Key Results
The measurements of DNA C-values for 233 species more than doubled the taxon coverage from ~2.2 % in previous studies to 5.3 % of extant diversity. The dataset not only documented substantial differences in the accumulation of genomic diversity and disparity among the major lineages of ferns but also supported the predicted correlation between species diversity and the dynamics of genome evolution.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated substantial genome disparity among different groups of ferns and supported the prediction that alterations of reproductive modes alter trends of genome evolution. Finally, we recovered evidence for a close link between the dynamics of genome evolution and species diversity in ferns for the first time.
Stomatal development in the cycad family Zamiaceae
Authors: Coiro Mario , Barone Lumaga Maria Rosaria , Rudall Paula J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
The gymnosperm order Cycadales is pivotal to our understanding of seed-plant phylogeny because of its phylogenetic placement close to the root node of extant spermatophytes and its combination of both derived and plesiomorphic character states. Although widely considered a ‘living fossil’ group, extant cycads display a high degree of morphological and anatomical variation. We investigate stomatal development in Zamiaceae to evaluate variation within the order and homologies between cycads and other seed plants.

Methods
Leaflets of seven species across five genera representing all major clades of Zamiaceae were examined at various stages of development using light microscopy and confocal microscopy.

Key Results
All genera examined have lateral subsidiary cells of perigenous origin that differ from other pavement cells in mature leaflets and could have a role in stomatal physiology. Early epidermal patterning in a ‘quartet’ arrangement occurs in Ceratozamia, Zamia and Stangeria. Distal encircling cells, which are sclerified at maturity, are present in all genera except Bowenia, which shows relatively rapid elongation and differentiation of the pavement cells during leaflet development.

Conclusions
Stomatal structure and development in Zamiaceae highlights some traits that are plesiomorphic in seed plants, including the presence of perigenous encircling subsidiary cells, and reveals a clear difference between the developmental trajectories of cycads and Bennettitales. Our study also shows an unexpected degree of variation among subclades in the family, potentially linked to differences in leaflet development and suggesting convergent evolution in cycads.
Biochemical properties of CumA multicopper oxidase from plant pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Ishida Konan , Tsukamoto Yuya , Horitani Masaki , Ogawa Tomohisa , Tanaka Yoshikazu 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Multicopper oxidases have a wide range of substrate specificity to be involved in various physiological reactions. Pseudomonas syringae, a plant pathogenic bacterium, has a multicopper oxidase, CumA. Multicopper oxidases have ability to degrade plant cell wall component, lignin. Once P. syringae enter apoplast and colonize, they start to disrupt plant immunity. Therefore, deeper understanding of multicopper oxidases from plant pathogens helps to invent measures to prevent invasion into plant cell, which brings agricultural benefits. Several biochemical studies have reported lower activity of CumA compared with other multicopper oxidase called CotA. However, the mechanisms underlying the difference in activity have not yet been revealed. In order to acquire insight into them, we conducted a biophysical characterization of PsCumA. Our results show that PsCumA has weak type I copper EPR signal, which is essential for oxidation activity. We propose that difference in the coordination of copper ions may decrease reaction frequency.
Functional kaurene-synthase-like diterpene synthases lacking a gamma domain are widely present in Oryza and related species
Authors: Itoh Akira , Nakazato Shinta , Wakabayashi Hiroki , Hamano Ayame , Shenton Matthew R , Miyamoto Koji , Mitsuhashi Wataru , Okada Kazunori , Toyomasu Tomonobu 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Various diterpene synthases have been functionally identified in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa). These are the homologs of ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-CDP) synthase and ent-kaurene synthase (KS) that are responsible for the biosynthesis of gibberellins, diterpenoid phytohormones. We isolated a cDNA encoding full-length OsKSL12, a previously uncharacterized KS like (KSL) enzyme that consists of a β-domain and an α-domain with an active center, but lacks an N-terminal γ-domain. Functional analysis using a bacterial expression system showed that recombinant OsKSL12 converted ent-CDP into ent-manool or ent-13-epi-manool. Comparative genomics revealed that functional OsKSL12 homologs exist in diverse wild species in the Oryzeae—Oryza nivara (Oryza rufipogon), Oryza coarctata, Oryza granulata, Leersia perrieri, and Leersia tisseranti. KSL12 homologs in O. granulata, L. perrieri, and L. tisseranti preferentially reacted with geranylgeranyl diphosphate rather than ent-CDP, resulting in geranyllinalool rather than ent-manool or ent-13-epi-manool as the main product, meaning that KSL12 functionally diversified during evolution in the Oryzeae.
Imperfect mimicry of host begging calls by a brood parasitic cuckoo: a cue for nestling rejection by hosts?
Authors: Noh Hee-Jin , Gloag Ros , Leitão Ana V , Langmore Naomi E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Coevolutionary interactions between avian brood parasites and their hosts often lead to the evolution of discrimination and rejection of parasite eggs or chicks by hosts based on visual cues, and the evolution of visual mimicry of host eggs or chicks by brood parasites. Hosts may also base rejection of brood parasite nestlings on vocal cues, which would in turn select for mimicry of host begging calls in brood parasite chicks. In cuckoos that exploit multiple hosts with different begging calls, call structure may be plastic, allowing nestlings to modify their calls to match those of their various hosts, or fixed, in which case we would predict either imperfect mimicry or divergence of the species into host-specific lineages. In our study of the little bronze-cuckoo (LBC) Chalcites minutillus and its primary host, the large-billed gerygone Gerygone magnirostris, we tested whether: (1) hosts use nestling vocalizations as a cue to discriminate cuckoo chicks; (2) cuckoo nestlings mimic the host begging calls throughout the nestling period; and (3) the cuckoo begging calls are plastic, thereby facilitating mimicry of the calls of different hosts. We found that the begging calls of LBCs are most similar to their gerygone hosts shortly after hatching (when rejection by hosts typically occurs) but become less similar as cuckoo chicks get older. Begging call structure may be used as a cue for rejection by hosts, and these results are consistent with gerygone defenses selecting for age-specific vocal mimicry in cuckoo chicks. We found no evidence that LBC begging calls were plastic.
Testing overidentifying restrictions with many instruments and heteroscedasticity using regularised jackknife IV
Authors: Carrasco Marine , Doukali Mohamed 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThis paper proposes a new overidentifying restrictions test in a linear model when the number of instruments (possibly weak) may be smaller or larger than the sample size n or even infinite in a heteroscedastic framework. The proposed J test combines two techniques: the jackknife method and the regularisation technique which consists in stabilising the projection matrix. We theoretically show that our new test achieves the asymptotically correct size in the presence of many instruments. The simulation results demonstrate that our modified J statistic test has better empirical properties in small samples than existing J tests. We also propose a regularised F-test to assess the strength of the instruments, which is robust to heteroscedasticity and many instruments.
Contemporary patterns of the management of truncus arteriosus (primary versus staged repair): outcomes from the Japanese National Cardiovascular Database
Authors: Ota Noritaka , Tachimori Hisateru , Hirata Yasutaka , Miyata Hiroaki , Suzuki Takaaki , Uchita Shunji , Takamoto Shinichi , Izutani Hironori 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Although primary repair in early infancy has for decades been the prevalent strategy for management of truncus arteriosus (TA), recent concerns about the levels of morbidity and mortality have led to consideration of a staged surgical approach. Our goal was to describe recent patterns of management, to characterize patients who underwent primary or staged repair and to evaluate risk factors associated with operative mortality in a contemporary multicentre cohort.

METHODS
In the Japanese Cardiovascular Surgery Database, we identified all cases of TA undergoing an initial surgical procedure from 2008 to 2018. Operative mortality was defined as death within 30 days of an operation or in-hospital death regardless of the length of hospital stay. The hospital volume was defined by the average volume of TA repairs per year.

RESULTS
The total number of patients undergoing initial surgery for TA was 286. Sixty-eight (24%, 68/286) underwent primary repair (primary repair group). The remaining 218 (76%, 218/286) underwent initial bilateral pulmonary artery banding as part of a planned staged approach (staged repair group). One hundred sixty-two patients out of 218 initially banded patients underwent the repair of TA during this study period. Concomitant diagnoses in the entire cohort included interrupted aortic arch repair in 36 patients and truncal valve regurgitation in 32. No centres handling an average of ≥2 truncus cases/year of the repair of TA were identified in this cohort. A total of 30% (85/286) of the cases were performed at centres that handled an average of ≥1 and &lt;2 cases/year. The remaining 70% were at centres with &lt;1 case/year. Overall, 37 patients (12.9%; 37/286) died. The operative mortality rates in the primary and staged repair groups were similar: that for the primary repair group was 16.2% (11/68) versus 11.9% for the staged repair group (26/218; P = 0.41). With multivariable logistic regression analysis, the factors most strongly associated with operative mortality were preoperative heart failure requiring catecholamine support (odds ratio, 4.18; 95% confidence interval 1.96–8.96) and the repeat bilateral pulmonary artery banding (odds ratio, 3.89; 95% confidence interval 1.08–14.07).

CONCLUSIONS
The staged repair of TA has emerged as the preferred option for surgical timing at most of the centres participating in the Japanese Cardiovascular Surgery Database. The management outcomes of the patients with TA were favourable, even for the patients at low-volume centres.