bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabic as a Foreign Language: Phonological Analysis of Speech Sounds Produced by Students
Authors: Alshehri Awad H. 
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to expose the potential difficulties encountered by students learning Arabic as a foreign language (AFL) with a focus on sounds production. The research design was descriptive-analytic. The data was obtained using direct recording and interviews. The sample included 27 AFL students at the Arabic Institutes at IMSIU and KSU. The work on this research is twofold: first, the paper reports on teachers&#39; and learners&#39; views on the general difficulties encountered by students learning Arabic, focusing on those in post-secondary school getting ready for tertiary education. Secondly, the paper analyzes their speech for pronunciation errors found in sounds production. The results show that learners generally had no problem expressing themselves, but they had some pronunciation issues with some specific Arabic sounds. The results also show that the students attempt different methods to overcome pronunciation difficulties. Teachers were aware of these difficulties, and they had their own methods to help improve students&#39; pronunciation of unfamiliar sounds. The findings show that traditional ways of teaching Arabic sounds are not enough, and difficulties could still exist, as shown by the phonological analysis of sounds environments. The study suggests that implementing an eclectic approach, leveraging the use of technology, could help AFLs to improve their pronunciation.&nbsp;
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Kansschade of proportionele aansprakelijkheid?
Authors: Van A.J. 
Published: July 2021

Kansschade of proportionele aansprakelijkheid?
In het arrest Deloitte/H&H Beheer maakte de Hoge Raad onderscheid tussen de leerstukken van kansschade en proportionele aansprakelijkheid. Volgens een aantal auteurs is dit slechts een dogmatisch onderscheid en gaat het in de kern om dezelfde onzekerheid. In het ene geval wordt die uitgedrukt in het verlies van een kans op een beter behandelingsresultaat en in het andere in een getal dat de veroorzakingswaarschijnlijkheid aanduidt. Zo bezien, zou het niet moeten uitmaken welk leerstuk men toepast. De praktijk laat echter zien dat het in een aantal gevallen wel degelijk uitmaakt welk leerstuk wordt gebruikt. Dat biedt steun aan de opvatting dat hier sprake is van meer dan een louter dogmatisch onderscheid. In deze bijdrage wordt die gedachte verder uitgewerkt en wordt duidelijk gemaakt in welke gevallen de ene, dan wel de andere methode de voorkeur verdient.
Connaissances, attitudes et croyances concernant le dépistage du cancer du col utérin dans le District d’Ajumako-Enyan-Essiam au Ghana
Authors: Sampson Charlotte Naa , Nkpeebo Samuel Donkor , Degley Thywill Amenuveve 
Published: July 2021

L’étude a été menée dans le district d’Ajumako-Eyan-Essiam (AEED) et visait à évaluer les connaissances, attitudes et croyances des femmes relativement au dépistage du cancer du col utérin. Au Ghana, ce cancer vient au deuxième rang des causes de cancer gynécologique. Dans les études et la pratique clinique effectuées auprès de femmes atteintes de cancer du col utérin, le diagnostic précoce, le traitement et la prévention du cancer sont largement influencés par leurs connaissances et leurs attitudes envers le dépistage. À ce jour, on ne dispose pas d’étude sur ces perceptions chez les femmes dans le district d’AEED. Un devis transversal quantitatif a été utilisé avec une analyse statistique descriptive de données provenant de 240 femmes. Les résultats ont révélé que 61,3 % d’entre elles ne savaient pas quel organe était touché lors d’un cancer du col utérin ou à quel intervalle un suivi était nécessaire après un résultat de test Pap normal; il y aurait donc des lacunes dans les connaissances. Au total, 36 % croyaient que le test de Papanicolaou (test Pap) était effectué une fois pour toutes, et 57,1 % pensaient qu’il était dispendieux, ce qui limite la participation au dépistage. Par peur de l’inconnu, beaucoup de répondantes avaient refusé le dépistage (48,8 %) alors que d’autres croyaient qu’elles n’étaient pas à risque (65,8 %). De plus, bon nombre de femmes (46,7 %) pensaient qu’il n’y avait pas de traitement contre le cancer du col. En conclusion, les connaissances fausses et inadéquates de ces femmes ont influencé leurs attitudes envers le dépistage du cancer.
Potencial energético de resíduos sólidos urbanos na Região do Grande ABC Paulista
Authors: Vieira Larissa Cruz , Candiani Giovano 
Published: July 2021

Os resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) são um dos principais problemas dos grandes centros urbanos, envolvendo complexos desafios de gerenciamento. No Brasil, atualmente, apenas 59,5% dos resíduos produzidos são destinados para aterros sanitários. Os resíduos depositados nos aterros sanitários são biodegradados e possuem um potencial de produção de biogás, este apresenta cerca de 50% de gás metano, que captado no aterro pode torna-se uma fonte de calor e combustível, possibilitando a geração de energia. Neste contexto, este trabalho, estimou geração de biogás/metano e o potencial energético, a partir dos RSU produzidos nos municípios da Região do ABC paulista. A região possui cerca de 56% do seu território em áreas de proteção de mananciais ou restrições ambiental, dificultando a instalação de novos aterros, e apenas o município de Santo André possui aterro sanitário próprio público, os outros seis municípios depositam seus resíduos no Aterro Lara (privado), localizado no município de Mauá. Para realização da estimativa de emissão de biogás foi utilizada uma modelagem matemática, baseado no método de decaimento de primeira ordem, do IPCC (Painel Intergovernamental para Mudanças Climáticas). Foram coletados dados referentes a geração e a composição dos RSU destes municípios ajustando os parâmetros que compõe o modelo matemático do IPCC. Em relação a emissão de metano o valor máximo determinado foi de 18.993,07 m³CH4/h, com potencial de 32,84 MW, gerando 685,95 MWh de energia somando todos os municípios da região, podendo abastecer uma população de até 268 mil habitantes, correspondendo a 8% da população estimada destes municípios no ano de 2047. Espera-se que os resultados desse trabalho possam contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento, da previsão da geração de biogás e metano em aterro sanitário e, que também auxiliem no planejamento em relação ao aproveitamento energético dos RSU na Região do ABC paulista depositados em aterros sanitários.
Efeitos combinados do fósforo e análogo de brassinoesteroides na fase inicial da cana-de-açúcar: crescimento e fotossíntese
Authors: Ferreira Lucas , Lannes Luciola Santos , Figueiredo Paulo Alexandre Monteiro de , Faria Glaucia Amorim , Teixeira Marcelo Menossi , Gaspareto Rafaela Neris 
Published: July 2021

Diante da iminente escassez de fósforo (P), surge a necessidade de pesquisas para compreensão de estratégias que venham contribuir ao fornecimento desse nutriente para agricultura. Publicações mostram que a atividade hormonal influência beneficamente sobre processos em que o P é vital para ocorrência, destacando os análogos de brassinoesteroides (BR) pela influência no crescimento meristemáticos, sugerindo sinergismo. São escassos os estudos com BR em grandes culturas e sua interação com o P, como a cana-de-açúcar. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e efeito da aplicação de doses do análogo de BR 24-epibrassinolide (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 mg.L-1), associado à presença ou ausência de fertilização fosfatada sobre os parâmetros de crescimento, fosfatase, micorrização e fotossíntese de plantas jovens de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em DBC com fatorial 4x2 com seis repetições. A aplicação dos BR proporcionou um incremento nos valores de massa seca radicular até o ponto máximo da curva de 1,27 mg.L-1. A interação P com BR beneficiou respectivamente em 30% e 48% os valores de massa seca aérea nas doses 0,5 e 1,0 mg.L-1 do hormônio; e apresentou uma correlação de Pearson positiva das doses de BR com adição de P sobre essa variável. A presença de P estimulou todas as variáveis de crescimento da cana-de-açúcar. Os BR desencadearam um pico significativo na atividade da enzima fosfatase ácida na dose de 1,0 mg. L-1 e não afetaram a colonização micorrízica radicular. A temperatura interna da folha e condutância estomática responderam positivamente à adição de P. A assimilação liquida de CO2 aumentou na presença de P e dobrou em sua interação com BR. Foi constatado uma influência positiva do fósforo, dos brassinoesteroides, assim como sua interação sobre o desenvolvimento inicial da cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados agregam aos estudos a respeito dos BR e são pioneiros sobre a interação com P.
What We Remember and What We Forget: Selective Memory in the Holocaust
Authors:   United States Naval Academy, Camargo-Vemuri Maya ,   Johns Hopkins University, USA
Published: July 2021

Why remember atrocity? This paper considers how trauma shapes the political memory of atrocity. What we choose to remember about atrocity is largely determined by the visibility of events, but also impacted by social norms, normalized violence, and perceptions of atrocity. Certain events, although common or not necessarily unusual, are suppressed from memory (both in collective and individual narratives) due to fear, shame, guilt, or disgust. In genocide, we rarely hear about acts that induce emotions such as the ones mentioned, including acts of rape, prostitution, and parricide. Most often, such acts are omitted from the narrative because they are not normal crimes in the societies where they occur, and are seen as particularly horrific. The consequence of this omission is a skewed image or conception of genocide and what it does to the people who are part of it, either as victims or perpetrators. This paper determines that, however uncomfortable, unusual, or painful it is to remember such acts, the memory of such acts is necessary to understand the mechanics of atrocity and victimization. It uses a case study of the Holocaust, focusing on sexual violence, to illustrate the concepts of memory omission, skewed historical perception, and the necessity of understanding atrocity through accurate memory.
Materialized Trauma Narratives of Border Crossings
Authors:   School of Humanities, University of Eastern Finland, Kurki Tuulikki 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this article is to discuss the applicability of the concept of materialized narrative in the analysis of border and mobility related experiences. In this article, the concept and its analytical potential are discussed in three examples that address difficult, even traumatic experiences related to various kinds of border crossings in Finnish and Estonian contexts. The concept of materialized narrative allows the conceptualization of border and mobility related traumas in supplementary and alternative ways. The materialized narrative is defined as a form of narrative and non-narrative knowledge that is linked with objects that people carry with them across various borders and their difficult experiences. The aim of the concept is to bring together the narrative and non-narrative knowledge of traumatic experiences that is embodied in a material object. The research thesis of the article is to examine how a materialized narrative can function as a trauma narrative. The article argues that materialized narratives can function as instruments for processing traumatic experiences related to border crossings, similarly to autobiographical trauma narratives that are regarded to be among the most central narrative forms analyzed in multidisciplinary trauma research. The research material includes interviews and artwork accomplished in the project “A Lost Mitten and Other Stories: Experiences of Borders, Mobilities, and New Neighbor Relations” (funded by the Kone Foundation).
Photosynthesis and respiration of the soft coral Xenia umbellata respond to warming but not to organic carbon eutrophication
Authors: Simancas-Giraldo Susana Marcela , Xiang Nan , Kennedy Meghan Moger , Nafeh Rassil , Zelli Edoardo , Wild Christian 
Published: July 2021

Eutrophication with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) as a far under-investigated stressor, and ocean warming, can strongly affect coral reefs and hard corals as major reefs ecosystem engineers. However, no previous studies have investigated the metabolic responses of soft corals to DOC eutrophication, or its interaction with ocean warming. Thus, we investigated respiration and photosynthesis response of Xenia umbellata, a common mixotrophic soft coral from the Indo-pacific, to (1) three levels of DOC eutrophication simulated by glucose addition over the first 21 days of experiment and (2) ocean warming scenarios where the temperature was gradually increased from 26 °C (control condition) to 32 °C over another 24 days in an aquarium experiment. We found no significant difference in response to DOC treatments and all corals survived regardless of the DOC concentrations, whilst subsequent exposure to simulated ocean warming significantly decreased gross photosynthesis by approximately 50% at 30 °C, and 65% at 32 °C, net photosynthesis by 75% at 30 °C and 79% at 32 °C, and respiration by a maximum of 75% at 30 °C; with a slight increase at 32 °C of 25%. The ratio between gross photosynthesis and respiration decreased by the end of the warming period but remained similar between controls and colonies previously exposed to DOC. Our findings suggest that soft corals may be more resistant than hard corals to DOC eutrophication and in consequence, may potentially experiment in less magnitude the negative effects of increased temperature or subsequently both stressors. The results of this study may contribute to explain the successful role of soft corals in phase shifts as reported from many coral reefs. Where predicted declines in reef ecosystems health due to increased eutrophication levels can be exacerbated by future warming.
Impact of four kVp combinations available in a dual‐source CT on the spectral performance of abdominal imaging: A task‐based image quality assessment on phantom data
Authors: Greffier Joël , Frandon Julien , Sadate Alexandre , Akessoul Philippe , Belaouni Asmaa , Beregi Jean‐Paul , Dabli Djamel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo compare the spectral performance of four combinations of kVp available in a third generation dual‐source CT (DSCT) on abdominal imaging.MethodsAn image‐quality phantom was scanned with a DSCT using four kVp pairs (tube “A” voltage/tube “B” voltage): 100/Sn150 kVp, 90/Sn150 kVp, 80/Sn150 kVp, and 70/Sn150 kVp, classic parameters and dose level for abdomen examination (CTDIvol: 11 mGy). The noise power spectrum (NPS) and the task‐based transfer function (TTF) of two inserts were computed on virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) at 40/50/60/70 keV and for mixed, low‐, and high‐kVp images. Detectability index (d’) was computed on VMIs and mixed images to model the detection task of liver metastasis (LM) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Iodine quantification accuracy was assessed using the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSDiodine) and the iodine bias (IB).ResultsNoise magnitude decreased by −55%± 0% between 40 and 70 keV for all kVp pairs. Compared to 70/Sn150 kVp, noise magnitude was increased by 9% ± 0% with 80/Sn150 kVp, by 16% ± 1% with 90/Sn150 kVp and by 24%± 1% with 100/Sn150 kVp. The average NPS spatial frequency (fav) shifted toward higher frequencies as energy level increased for all kVp pairs. Lowest fav values were found for 70/Sn150 kVp and highest for 100/Sn150 kVp. The value of TTF at 50% (f50) shifted toward lower frequencies with increasing energy level. The highest f50 values occurred for 100/Sn150 kVp and the lowest for 80/Sn150 kVp. For both lesions, d’ was highest for 70/Sn150 kVp and lowest for 100/Sn150 kVp. Compared to 70/Sn150 kVp, d’ decreased by −6% ± 3% with 80/Sn150 kVp, by −11% ± 2% with 90/Sn150 kVp and by −13%± 2% with 100/Sn150 kVp. For all acquisitions, the RSMDiodine and IB were the lowest for 100/Sn150 kVp (0.29 ± 0.10 mg/ml and 0.88 ± 0.30 mg/ml, respectively) and increased when the tube “A” voltage decreased (2.34 ± 0.29 mg/ml for 70/Sn150 kVp and 7.42 ± 0.51 mg/ml respectively).Conclusion70/Sn150 kVp presented the lowest image noise and highest detectability in VMIs of two small focal liver lesions. 100/Sn150 kVp presented the lowest image noise on mixed images and highest accuracy of iodine quantification in iodine images.
Lightweight Low‐Frequency Sound‐Absorbing Composites of Graphene Network Reinforced by Honeycomb Structure
Authors: Xu Fan , Zhang Siying , Wang Guigen , Zhao Daqiang , Feng Junwei , Wang Baolin , He Xiaodong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEfficient, facile, lightweight, and low‐frequency sound‐absorbing materials are in great demand for noise elimination and insulation. However, the applications of some candidate materials are limited by their large space, mass, or unsatisfactory sound‐absorption performance especially in low‐frequency sound‐wave region. Graphene network structure can be promising sound‐absorbing materials due to ultrahigh porosity, ultralight weight, and excellent intrinsic properties. Conventionally, allowing for poor mechanical strength, such graphene materials are needed to be reinforced by polymer, metal, or ceramic. Here, a novel strategy of graphene network reinforced by honeycomb structure is proposed, in which graphene is used as a sound absorber, and meanwhile flexible aramid honeycomb is introduced to enhance the graphene composite. In this work, the compressive strength of graphene network structure is improved 1000 times by the flexible aramid honeycomb, and meanwhile the density is only increased 2.5 times. Moreover, the sound‐absorption coefficient of graphene network is about 0.9 at 700 Hz for the thickness of 30 mm. Further, the sound‐absorption coefficient is above 0.9 in the frequency range of >1000 Hz. Therefore, the graphene composite is expected to be saving space and weight for the engineering design of sound absorbers in low‐frequency regions.
{BiW8O30} Exerts Antitumor Effect by Triggering Pyroptosis and Upregulating Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Jia Di , Gong Lige , Li Ying , Cao Shu , Zhao Weiming , Hao Lijun , Li Shasha , Pang Bo , Zhang Chunjing , Li Shuyan , Zhang Wei , Chen Tianyi , Dong Limin , Zhou Baibin , Yang Dan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe successfully synthesized {BiW8}, a 10‐nuclear heteroatom cluster modified {BiW8O30}. At 24 h post‐incubation, the IC50 values of {BiW8} against HUVEC, MG63, RD, Hep3B, HepG2, and MCF7 cells were 895.8, 127.3, 344.3, 455.0, 781.3, and 206.3 μM, respectively. The IC50 value of {BiW8} on the MG63 cells was more than 2‐fold lower than that of the other raw materials. Through morphological and functional features, we demonstrated pyroptosis as a newly identified mechanism of cell death induced by {BiW8}. {BiW8} increased 2‐fold reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in MG63 cells at 24 h post‐incubation. Compared with 0 h, the glutathione (GSH) content decreased by 59, 65, 75, 94, and 97 % at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h post‐incubation, respectively. Furthermore, multiple antitumor mechanisms of {BiW8} were identified via transcriptome analysis and chemical simulation, including activation of pyroptosis, suppression of GSH generation, depletion of GSH, and inhibition of DNA repair.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)‐Mannolide C
Authors: Ao Qiaoqiao , Zhang Hai‐Jun , Zheng Jinbin , Chen Xiaoming , Zhai Hongbin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract(+)‐Mannolide C is a complex hexacyclic C20 cephalotane‐type diterpenoid featuring a highly strained 7/6/6/5 tetracyclic core containing eight consecutive stereocenters and two bridging lactones. The first asymmetric total synthesis of (+)‐mannolide C has been accomplished by lipase‐mediated resolution, Ru‐complex‐catalyzed double ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) reactions, NiII‐catalyzed diastereoselective Michael addition, and MnIII‐catalyzed allylic oxidation as the key transformations.
Clinical Issues—August 2021
Authors: Cahn Julie 
Published: July 2021

THIS MONTH
Using antiseptic solutions in surgical wound irrigation
Key words: antiseptic solution, povidone‐iodine, wound irrigation, toxicity.Use of powered air‐purifying respirators in the ORKey words: respiratory protection, powered air‐purifying respirator (PAPR), surgical N95 respirator, unfiltered exhaled air, sterile field contamination.Surgical wound classification of cesarean delivery proceduresKey words: surgical wound classification, cesarean delivery, devitalized or infected tissue, contamination.Management and documentation of foam dressings used in open woundsKey words: retained surgical items, therapeutic packing, foam dressings, negative‐pressure wound‐therapy device.Gastric lavage during a malignant hyperthermia crisisKey words: malignant hyperthermia, gastric lavage, patient cooling methods, thermal management, perfusion.
The effects of ionic strength and pH on antibacterial activity of hybrid biosurfactant‐biopolymer nanoparticles
Authors: Marangon Crisiane A. , Vigilato Rodrigues Murilo Á. , Vicente Bertolo Mirella R. , Amaro Martins Virginia da C. , de Guzzi Plepis Ana Maria , Nitschke Marcia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) directly influence the colloidal stability and bio‐nano interface, which makes the study of these factors extremely important for NPs applicability. Here, we report the influence of pH and ionic strength in the size, surface charge, and antimicrobial activity of chitosan/rhamnolipid nanoparticles (C/RL‐NPs), synthesized by mixing C and RL in the proportion of 1:1, with the dropwise addition of TPP (sodium tripolyphosphate) in the molar ratio of 1:2.5:1.3, respectively. The obtained NPs were resuspended in different solvents to investigate the ionic strength effect on their stability and antimicrobial activity. By decreasing pH and ionic strength, NPs size was reduced while their surface charge increased. Chitosan nanoparticles (C‐NPs) remained stable in the presence of TPP at acidic pH and low ionic strength, indicating that the modulation of physicochemical conditions for the crosslinking between the two ionic components was an efficient approach to enhance C/RL‐NPs colloidal stability. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the interaction between rhamnolipid and chitosan in C/RL‐NPs. The antibacterial activity of C/RL‐NPs against Staphylococcus aureus increased significantly, demonstrating the importance of investigating size and surface charge to dictate the bioactivity properties of such hybrid natural‐based nanomaterial.
Cellulose nanocrystal‐mediated assembly of graphene oxide in natural rubber nanocomposites with high electrical conductivity
Authors: Zhu Ge , Giraldo Isaza Laura , Dufresne Alain 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study reports a green and powerful strategy for preparing cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)/graphene oxide (GO)/natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites hosting a 3D hierarchical conductive network. Due to good dispersibility and amphiphilic nature of CNC, well dispersed CNC/GO nanohybrids were prepared. Hydrogen bonding interactions between CNC and GO greatly enhanced the stability of the CNC/GO nanohybrids. CNC/GO nanohybrids were introduced into NR latex under sonication and the mixture was cast. Self‐assembled CNC/GO nanohybrids preferentially dispersed in the interstice between latex microspheres allowing the construction of a 3D hierarchical conductive network. By combining strong hydrogen bonds and 3D conductive network, both electrical conductivity and mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus) have been significantly improved. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite with 4 wt% GO and 5 wt% CNC exhibited an increase of nine orders of magnitude compared to the nanocomposite with only 4 wt% GO; meanwhile, the electrical percolation threshold was 3‐fold lower than for NR/GO composites.