bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating XRD and Well Logging Data to Establish Electro-Facies and Permeability Models for an Unconventional Heterogeneous Tight Gas Reservoir, Obaiyed Giant Gas Field
Authors: Mabrouk Ibrahim 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Formation evaluation in heterogeneous reservoirs can be very challenging especially in fields that extend over several kilometers in area where the permeability varies from 0.1 mD up to 1000 D within the same porosity. The porosity, hydrocarbon saturation and net sand thickness in most of Obaiyed field wells are consistent; hence, the productivity of these wells is enormously dependent on the reservoir permeability. Since the permeability is highly heterogeneous, initial production rate of the wells varies between few MMSCFD to almost one hundred MMSCFD.
The huge permeability variation led to a tremendous uncertainty in the dynamic modeling, which resulted in an inaccurate production forecast affecting the field economics estimation. Understanding permeability distribution and heterogeneity in Obaiyed field is the key factor for establishing a realistic permeability model, which will lead to a successful field development strategy. Extensive work was performed to understand key factors that govern the permeability in Obaiyed using the data of 1-kilometer length of cores acquired in more than 50 wells covering different reservoir properties in the field.
Core data were used to separate the reservoir into different Hydraulic Flow Units (HFU) according to Amaefule's work performed on the Kozeny-Carmen model. Afterwards, a correlation between the HFU and well logs was established using IPSOM Electro-Facies module in order to define the flow units in un-cored wells. The result of this correlation was used to calibrate a Porosity-Permeability relationship for each flow unit.
The next step was examining the clay-type distribution and diagenesis in each flow unit using the petrographic analysis (XRD) results from the core xdata. All factors controlling the permeability can now be represented in hydraulic flow units which are considered as a method of measurement of the reservoir quality. Consequently, property maps were constructed showing the location and continuity of each of the flow units, leading to a more deterministic approach in the well placement process.
Based on this new work methodology, a production cut-off criteria relating the reservoir productivity to both clay minerals presence and percentages was established for multiple wells scenarios. As a result, the development strategy of the field changed from only vertical wells to include horizontal wells as well which proved to be the only economic approach to produce the Illite dominated zones. This paper presents a workflow to provide a representative estimation of permeability in extremely heterogeneous reservoirs especially the ones dominated by complex clay distribution.
A Deep Learning Approach for the Prediction of Oil Formation Volume Factor
Authors: Koffi Itoro Udofort 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Accurate knowledge of Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) properties is crucial in reservoir and production engineering computational applications. One of these properties is the oil formation volume factor (Bo), which assumes a significant role in calculating some of the prominent petroleum engineering terms and parameters, such as depletion rate, oil in place, reservoir simulation, material balance equation, well testing, reservoir production calculation, etc. These properties are ideally measured experimentally in the laboratory, based on downhole or recommended surface samples. Faster and cheaper methods are important for real-time decision making and empirically developed correlations are used in the prediction of this property.
This work is aimed at developing a more accurate prediction method than the more common methods. The prediction method used is based on a supervised deep neural network to estimate oil formation volume factor at bubble point pressure as a function of gas-oil ratio, gas gravity, specific oil gravity, and reservoir temperature. Deep learning is applied in this paper to address the inaccuracy of empirically derived correlations used for predicting oil formation volume factor. Neural Networks would help us find hidden patterns in the data, which cannot be found otherwise.
A multi-layer neural network was used for the prediction via the anaconda programming environment. Two frameworks for modelling data using deep learning viz: TensorFlow and Keras were utilized, and PVT variables selected as input neurons while employing early stopping which uses a part of our data not fed to the model to test its performance to prevent overfitting. In the modelling process, 2994 dataset retrieved from the Niger Delta region was used. The dataset was randomly divided into three parts of which 60% was used for training, 20% for validation, and 20% for testing.
The result predicted by the network outperformed existing correlations by the statistical parameters used for the same set of field data. The network has a mean average error of 0.05 which is the lowest when compared to the error generated by other correlation models. The predictive capability of this network is found to be higher than existing models, based on the findings of this work.
Application of Cavity Maxwell Garnett Theory in SPR Based Fiber Optic Sensor with Porous Alumina Structure
Authors: - Jyoti , Verma R. K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present manuscript describes the theoretical understanding of nanoporous alumina based fiber optic sensing structures. The Cavity Maxwell Garnett theory is used to calculate the dielectric functions of the proposed layer. The performance of the proposed sensing structure is evaluated in terms of its sensitivity towards change in the refractive index of the nearby medium. The sharpness of the resonance has also been calculated as an estimation of the performance parameters. It has been observed that the proposed structure is approximately thirteen times more sensitive than the conventional fiber optic sensors. The study has further been extended by replacing the nanolayer of Alumium with the nanolayer of the gold. A comparative study has been provided in terms of the efficiency of the fiber optic probe. The effects of change in pore radius, thickness of the adsorbed medium and shell radius have also been studied.
Eolian chronology reveals causal links between tectonics, climate, and erg generation
Authors: Vainer Shlomy , Matmon Ari , Dor Yoav Ben , Verrecchia Eric , Aumaitre Georges 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The onset and intensification of eolian activity mark climatic transitions that promote wide-scale aridification, recorded by the generation and preservation of massive sand deposits. Evaluating the impact and implications of such repositories on Earth systems requires knowledge about the timing of their emplacement and the mechanisms responsible for their generation, which remain highly uncertain. Here we provide time constraints for the establishment of the Kalahari Erg, which is the largest continuous body of sand on Earth. We apply cosmogenic nuclide dating of sand from the Kalahari Desert combined with numerical modeling to determine when sand was introduced into the interior of southern Africa. Through the consideration of several scenarios, we show that major events of eolian sand transport and accumulation occurred between ~2.5 and 1 Myr ago. This substantial activity, which significantly altered environmental settings, corresponds to regional, continental, and global scale morphotectonic and climatic changes that contributed to the mass production and widespread dispersion of sand. These changes substantially altered existing habitats, thus constituting a crucial milestone for hominin evolution and migration throughout the African continent during the Pleistocene.
Synergistic Effects of The Hybridization Between Boron-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots And n/n-Type g-C3N4 Homojunction For Boosted Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Phang Sue Jiun , Lee Jiale , Wong Voon-Loong , Tan Lling-Lling , Chai Siang-Piao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are particularly sought after for their highly tailorable photoelectrochemical and optical properties. Simultaneously, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has also gained widespread attention due to its suitable band gap energy as well as excellent chemical and thermal stabilities. Herein, a novel boron-doped CQD (BCQD) hybridized g-C3N4 homojunction (CN) nanocomposite was rationally engineered and fabricated via a facile hydrothermal route. The optimal photocatalyst sample, 1-BCQD/CN (with a 1:3 mass ratio of boron to CQD) accomplished a Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation efficiency of 97.0 % within 4 hours under low-powered LED light irradiation. The kinetic rate constant of 1.39 x 10-2 min-1 achieved by the optimum sample was found to be 3.6- and 2.8-folds higher than that of pristine CN and un-doped CQD/CN, respectively. Furthermore, 1-BCQD/CN demonstrated remarkable stability, where it retained close to 99.0% of its initial photocatalytic efficiency after three consecutive cycles. The marked improvement in photocatalytic performance of 1-BCQD/CN was attributed to several concomitant factors such as enhanced electron migration from CN to BCQD, suppressed electron-hole recombination and significantly higher charge density in facilitating charge migration. Based on the scavenging tests, it was revealed that the photogenerated holes (h+), superoxide anions (∙O2–) and hydroxyl radicals (∙OH) were the primary reactive species responsible for the photodegradation process. Overall, the highly efficient 1-BCQD/CN composite with excellent photocatalytic activity could provide a cost-effective and robust means for addressing the increasing concerns over global environmental pollution.
Comprehensive Analysis of miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network And Potential Drugs In Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy Across Human And Mouse
Authors: Wu Jiahe , Cao Jianlei , Fan Yongzhen , Li Chenze , Hu Xiaorong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) is the leading cause of heart failure in Latin America and often causes severe inflammation and fibrosis in the heart. Studies on myocardial function and its molecular mechanisms in patients with Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy are very limited. In order to understand the development and progression of Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy and find targets for its diagnosis and treatment, the field needs to better understand the exact molecular mechanisms involved in these processes.Methods: The mRNA microarray datasets GSE84796 (human) and GSE24088 (mouse) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Homologous genes between the two species were identified using the online database mining tool Biomart, followed by differential expression analysis, gene enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Cytohubba plug-in of Cytoscape software was used to identify Hub gene, and miRNet was used to construct the corresponding miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Furthermore, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) was used to identify hub gene-related drugs. Results: A total of 86 homologous genes were significantly differentially expressed in the two datasets, including 73 genes with high expression and 13 genes with low expression. These differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the terms of innate immune response, signal transduction, protein binding, Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, Tuberculosis, Chemokine signaling pathway, Chagas disease and PI3K−Akt signaling pathway. The top 10 hub genes LAPTM5, LCP1, HCLS1, CORO1A, CD48, TYROBP, RAC2, ARHGDIB, FERMT3 and NCF4 were identified from the PPI network. A total of 122 miRNAs were identified to target these hub genes and 30 of them regulated two or more hub genes at the same time. Finally, 49 drugs, such as Gentamicins, acetamide, Isotretinoin, Nimesulide, Oxyquinoline, Quercetin and Resveratrol were identified to target these hub genes.Conclusions: In this study, the potential genes associated with Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy are identified and a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network is constructed. This study explores the molecular mechanisms of Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy and provides important clues for finding new therapeutic targets.
Geraniol, a Potential Alternative to Antibiotics for Bovine Mastitis Treatment Without Disturbing the Host Microbial Community, Does Not Lead to Drug Residues or Induce Drug Resistance
Authors: Wei Guo , Qiu Min , Pu Zhonghui , Long Nana , Yang Min , Ren Ke , Ning Ruihong , Zhang Siyuan , Lin Lin , Guo Lijuan , Zhang Yanjiao , Deng Jingzhu , Sun Fenghui , Dai Min 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMastitis is one of the important diseases of the dairy cow. Currently, mastitis treatment in dairy cows is mainly based on antibiotics. However, the use of antibiotics causes adverse effects, including drug resistance, drug residues, host-microbiome destruction, and environmental pollution. Geraniol, extracted from Fructus Tsaoko, has demonstrated good antibacterial activity in mouse model. Geraniol and antibiotics were used to treat cows with clinical mastitis to test this possibility of geraniol as a potential alternative to antibiotics for bovine mastitis treatment. The effectiveness of treatment, improvement in inflammatory factors, the influence on microbiome, presence of drug residues, and induction of drug resistance were compared and analyzed.ResultsGeraniol demonstrated a better therapeutic rate than antibiotics on clinical mastitis of cows, with a longer course of treatment. Antibiotics and geraniol significantly reduced the abundance of pathogenic bacteria and restored the microbial community in milk. Meanwhile, geraniol increased the abundance of probiotics in milk. Interestingly, geraniol did not destroy the gut microbial community of cows, whereas antibiotics significantly reduced the diversity and destroyed the community structure of the gut microbiome in cows. Conversely, geraniol increased the diversity of the gut microbiome. Besides, no geraniol residue was detected in the milk four days after treatment discontinuation. However, antibiotic residues were detected in milk at the 7th day after drug withdrawal. In vitro experiments revealed that geraniol did not induce drug resistance in the Escherichia coli strain ATCC25922 after 120 generations of culturing, while antibiotics induced resistance after 10 generations. ConclusionsOur results suggest that geraniol has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects similar to antibiotics. Additionally, it retains the structure of the host-microbial community and does not lead to drug residues or induce drug resistance. Therefore, geraniol can be a potential substitute for antibiotics to treat mastitis and be widely used in the dairy industry.
Enhanced oxygen evolution reaction by stacking single-crystalline freestanding SrRuO3
Authors: Wang Qixiang , Liu Huan , He Bin , Qi Ji , Wang Di , Xu Hang , Zhang Nana , Wang Jie , Chen Yanan , Wang Zhihong , Wang Zhengjia , Zheng Limei , Feng Ming , Lü Weiming , Yan Shishen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Transition metal oxide thin film has recently become an attractive platform for enhanced catalytic activity and to perceive the fundamental functions of d electron structure and charge transfer processes. Owing to the long-range lattice ordering and accurate stoichiometry, the single-crystalline transition metal oxide thin film enables the mechanism discussion of electrochemistry down to the atomic level. However, it is technically unviable in the fabrication of transition metal oxide thin film with a substantial surface area and strain condition. Here we report the oxygen evolution reaction enhancement by a stack of multilayer SrRuO3 featured with single-crystallinity, flexibility, and stackability, which was achieved from the rigid heterostructure via a water-dissolution of Sr3Al2O6 sacrifice interlayers. The controllable stack of multilayer SrRuO3 and the emergent high-spin state t2g(3↑)eg(1↑) of Ru efficiently enhances the oxygen evolution reaction activity. Our study provides an approach for fine manipulation of single-crystalline freestanding transition metal oxide morphologically, and an efficient strategy aiming at the extreme enhancement of the electrochemically active surface area and strain condition.
WITHDRAWN: Identification and Genetic Analysis of Major Gene ST3GAL4 Related to Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in Chickens
Authors: Tang Hehe , Ma Yanchao , Li Jianzeng , Zhang Zhenzhen , Li Wenting , Huang Hetian , Cai Chunxia , Zhang Lujie , Li Zhuanjian , Jiang Ruirui , Tian Yadong , Li Guoxi , Yan Fengbin , Li Donghua , Zhang Yanhua , Sun Guirong , Li Hong , Liu Xiaojun , Wang Yanbin , Han Ruili , Kang Xiangtao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: An increasing number of studies have explored disease and growth traits through quantitative trait locus (QTLs) in chickens. Nevertheless, the pathogenic genes underlying the QTL effects remain poorly understood. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a marker of osteoblast maturation and an important indicator of bone metabolism. The change of ALP can reflect the bone metabolism and growth traits of animals to a certain extent. Results: In this study, we identified a SNP site at ST3GAL4 that found by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in previous studies, and found another 8 SNPs by DNA sequencing. Interestingly, there are 4 SNPs rs475471G>A, rs475533C>T, rs475621A>G, rs475647C>A were completely linked by haplotype analysis, and selected a tag SNP rs475471G>A to analyze the correlation between this SNP and ALP level in Hubbard leg disease population and an F2 chicken resource population produced by Anka and Gushi chickens, and carried out population genetic analysis in 18 chicken breeds. Association analysis showed that this QTL within ST3GAL4 were highly correlated with ALP level, the mutant individuals with genotype AA had the highest ALP level, followed by GA and GG genotypes. The mutant individuals with genotype AA and GA genotype had higher values for body weight (BW), chest width (CW), body slanting length (BSL), pelvis width (PW) at 4-week, the semi-evisceration weight (SEW), evisceration weight (EW) and Leg weight (LW) of AA and GA genotype also higher. The amplification and typing of 4,852 DNA samples from 18 different breeds and the result shown GG genotype mainly existed in egg-type chickens and dual-type chickens, while AA genotype mainly distributed in commercial broilers and F2 resource population. The individuals of AA genotype had the highest ALP and showed better growth performance. This is the first time to report the causal variant of ST3GAL4 gene that located at chromosome 24 related to chicken serum ALP level. Besides, tissue expression analysis used Cobb broiler showed that there were significant differences between different genotypes in spleen and duodenum.Conclusions: This study the first time to determine 9 SNPs within ST3GAL4 were related to ALP in chickens, 4 of them were complete linkage sequence variants, which provide useful information on the mutation of ST3GAL4 and could predict the serum ALP level of chicken early and effectively as a potential molecular breeding marker.
Structure of glycine N-acyltransferase clarifies its catalytic mechanism
Authors: Ebrecht Ana , Badenhorst Christoffel , Read Randy , Opperman Diederik , Dijk Alberdina van 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT; EC 2.3.1.13) is a key enzyme in mammalian homeostasis that has been linked to several pathologies in humans, including cancer. Here we report the first crystal structure of a member of the GLYAT family, and a detailed interpretation of its structure and enzymatic mechanism. This work will aid further studies on GLYAT and its involvement in metabolic diseases and cancer.
Serum-Derived miR-574-5p-Containing Exosomes Contribute to Liver Fibrosis by Activating Hepatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Zhou Xia , Liang Ziyu , Qin Shanyu , Ruan Xianxian , Jiang Haixing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aim: To investigate the association of serum exosomes miR-574-5p with liver fibrosis, and explore the effect and mechanism of serum exosomes on HSC activation.Materials and methods: Using serum samples collected from healthy adults and patients with liver cirrhosis, we extracted human serum exosomes via ultra-high-speed centrifugation, and co-cultured them with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) line LX2.LX-2-mediated intake of human serum exosomes was examined by confocal microscopy. To induce liver fibrosis, we administered 20% CCl4 to mice intraperitoneally and adopted an exoEasy MIDI kit to extract serum exosomes.Liver fibrosis-related molecules were determined via qRT-PCR, Western blot, Masson staining, and Immunohistochemical staining.Results: Significantly high miR-574-5p levels were expressed in serum exosomes and were positively correlated with the expression of miR-574-5p, collagen deposition, and α-SMA expression in liver tissues of mice during liver fibrosis. Compared to healthy subjects, serum exosomes from cirrhosis patients were associated with higher expression of miR-574-5p, α-SMA, and COL1A1 in LX-2. miR-574-5p mimic promoted the expression of α-SMA and COL1A1 mRNA and protein in LX-2, whereas miR-574-5p inhibitor exerted no effect.Conclusion: This article demonstrates that miR-574-5p expression in serum exosomes is positively correlated with collagen deposition and HSC activation in liver tissues during liver fibrosis.Serum exosomes potentially activate HSC through the transfer of miR-574-5p to HSC during liver fibrosis.
HELZ2 Promotes K63-Linked Polyubiquitination of c-Myc to Induce Retinoblastoma Tumorigenesis
Authors: Dai Hanjun , ZENG wen , ZENG WEIJUAN , YAN MING , jiang ping , LI ying , zhang wei , ke min 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a rare ocular tumor in children that originates in the retina. Several core transcriptional regulators maintain the expansion of retinoblastoma tumors, including c-Myc. Here, we demonstrated that Helicase with zinc finger domain 2 (HELZ2) promoted retinoblastoma tumorigenesis by targeting c-Myc. HELZ2-deficient inhibited retinoblastoma cell proliferation, whereas overexpression of HELZ2 promoted retinoblastoma cell proliferation. In addition, high levels of HELZ2 promoted xenograft retinoblastoma tumorigenesis and inhibited animal survival. Mechanistically, HELZ2 interacted with c-Myc and promoted its K63-linked polyubiquitination. We indicated that HELZ2 promoted the interaction between E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 and c-Myc, and HELZ2-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination and activation of c-Myc were dependent on HUWE1. Taken together, HELZ2 plays a critical role in the regulation of retinoblastoma tumorigenesis by enhancing the activity of c-Myc.