bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the modified shuttle test a maximal effort test in children and adolescents with asthma?
Authors: Reimberg Mariana M. , Ritti‐Dias Raphael , Selman Jessyca P. , Scalco Rebeca S. , Wandalsen Gustavo F. , Solé Dirceu , Hulzebos Erik J. , Takken Tim , Dal Corso Simone , Lanza Fernanda C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeWhether the modified shuttle test (MST) achieves maximal effort in children and adolescents with asthma is unclear. The aim was to compare the physiological responses of MST to the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in pediatric patients with asthma, to observe its convergent validity.Patients and MethodsA cross‐sectional study with volunteers with asthma (6–17 years of age) under regular treatment. The MST is an external‐paced test, and the participants were allowed to walk/run. CPET was performed on a cycle ergometer to compare with MST. Gas exchange (VO2, VCO2, and VE) and heart rate (HR) were the outcomes and were continuously assessed in both tests.ResultsForty‐seven volunteers were included, normal lung function expiratory forced volume at 1st second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) 88.6 (7.7). VO2peak was higher at MST (2.0 ± 0.6 L/min) compared to CPET (1.6 ± 0.5 L/min), p < 0.001. Similar results was observed to VE at MST (50 ± 16 L/min) versus VE at CPET (40 ± 13 L/min), and to VCO2 at MST (2.1 ± 0.8 L/min) versus VCO2 at CPET (1.7 ± 0.6 L/min), p < 0.001. HR was also higher at MST (94 ± 6%pred) versus CPET (87 ± 8%pred), p = 0.002. VO2peak in MST correlated to the CPET (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). The ICC of VO2peak between tests was 0.73 (0.06–0.89), p < 0.001, and VO2peak Bland–Altman analysis showed a bias of 0.46 L/min.ConclusionThe MST showed a maximal physiologic response in children and adolescents with asthma. It is a valid test and can be used as an alternative to evaluating exercise capacity.
Year‐round sub‐seasonal forecast skill for Atlantic–European weather regimes
Authors: Büeler Dominik , Ferranti Laura , Magnusson Linus , Quinting Julian F. , Grams Christian M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWeather regime forecasts are a prominent use case of sub‐seasonal prediction in the midlatitudes. A systematic evaluation and understanding of year‐round sub‐seasonal regime forecast performance is still missing, however. Here we evaluate the representation of and forecast skill for seven year‐round Atlantic–European weather regimes in sub‐seasonal reforecasts from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. Forecast calibration improves regime frequency biases and forecast skill most strongly in summer, but scarcely in winter, due to considerable large‐scale flow biases in summer. The average regime skill horizon in winter is about 5 days longer than in summer and spring, and 3 days longer than in autumn. The Zonal Regime and Greenland Blocking tend to have the longest year‐round skill horizon, which is driven by their high persistence in winter. The year‐round skill is lowest for the European Blocking, which is common for all seasons but most pronounced in winter and spring. For the related, more northern Scandinavian Blocking, the skill is similarly low in winter and spring but higher in summer and autumn. We further show that the winter average regime skill horizon tends to be enhanced following a strong stratospheric polar vortex (SPV), but reduced following a weak SPV. Likewise, the year‐round average regime skill horizon tends to be enhanced following phases 4 and 7 of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) but reduced following phase 2, driven by winter but also autumn and spring. Our study thus reveals promising potential for year‐round sub‐seasonal regime predictions. Further model improvements can be achieved by reduction of the considerable large‐scale flow biases in summer, better understanding and modeling of blocking in the European region, and better exploitation of the potential predictability provided by weak SPV states and specific MJO phases in winter and the transition seasons.
On moving average control charts and their conditional average run lengths
Authors: Maghsoodloo Saeed , Barnes Dilcu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMoving average control charts have been presented in the Quality Control literature in the past 75 years; however, their conditional average run lengths have not been obtained. The objective of this article is to derive the autocorrelation function between two moving averages, and then make application of the bivariate normal distribution to compute the conditional type II error probability at the future time, t +1, given that a manufacturing process is in statistical control at the present time t. Our Tables 3 through 8 show that the values of Shewhart's average run length and the corresponding conditional first‐order moving average run lengths are almost the same after one standard deviation shift from the target of a normal process mean. Our conclusion section 6 describes that the comparisons of the two average run lengths are not on a valid statistical basis.
New C‐3 Substituted 1H‐ and 2H‐Indazolephosphonic Acid Regioisomers: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and X‐Ray Diffraction Studies
Authors: Teixeira Fátima C. , Antunes Inês F. , Curto M. João M. , Duarte M. Teresa , André Vânia , Teixeira António P. S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIndazole is known as an important structural motif in medicinal chemistry and, recently, has also gained attention in other areas, such as materials chemistry, with many studies showing different potential applications for their regioisomers. Phosphonates are also a class of compounds with diverse applications, ranging from medicinal to material applications. Here we present the synthesis of 1H‐ and 2H‐indazolephosphonic acid derivatives substituted at C‐3, involving mono‐ or bisphosphonic acids, from their corresponding carboxylic acid and esters. These compounds were fully characterized, and their spectroscopic data were evaluated to identify and distinguish the structural scaffold of each phosphonic acid. Crystallization of [hydroxy(1‐methyl‐1H‐indazol‐3‐yl)methanediyl]bis(phosphonic acid) 7 afforded crystals suitable for single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies and its crystal structure details are also discussed.
Facile Construction of Covalent Organic Framework Nanozyme for Colorimetric Detection of Uranium
Authors: Zhang Li , Yang Gui‐Ping , Xiao Sai‐Jin , Tan Quan‐Gen , Zheng Qiong‐Qing , Liang Ru‐Ping , Qiu Jian‐Ding 
Published: September 2021

Abstract2D covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) have been recognized as a novel class of photoactive materials owing to their extended π‐electron conjugation and high chemical stabilities. Herein, a new covalent organic framework (Tph‐BDP) is facilely synthesized by using a porphyrin derivative and an organic dye BODIPY derivative (5,5‐difluoro‐2,8‐diformyl‐1,3,7,9‐tetramethyl‐10‐phenyl‐5H‐dipyrrolo[1,2‐c:2′,1′‐f][1,3,2]diazabori‐nin‐4‐ium‐5‐uide) as monomers for the first time, and their unique photosensitive properties endow them excellent simulated oxidase activity under 635 nm laser irradiation that can catalyze the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Further findings demonstrate that the presence of uranium (UO22+) can coordinate with imines of the oxidation products of TMB, thus modulating the charge transfer process of the colored products accompanied with intensive aggregation and remarkable color fading. This research provides a preparation strategy for COFs with excellent photocatalytic properties and nanozyme activity, and broadens the applications of the simple colorimetric methods for sensitive and selective radionuclide detection.
Political power and awareness of nursing during the COVID‐19 pandemic from the views of senior nursing students
Authors: Çatıker Aslıhan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStudying the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the current nursing workforce and the training of future nurses is important. This study aimed to assess the views of senior nursing students pursuing health policy courses on the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the political power and awareness of nursing profession. Document analysis method, one of the qualitative enhancement patterns, was employed in this study. This study was conducted in a nursing school with a sample comprising 34 nursing students. The data were collected from online homework documents and evaluated with thematic analysis. Students on the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the nursing profession were categorized into three main themes and nine subthemes. Students reported that although the visibility of nursing increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the problems of this profession did not change. The results showed that depoliticization was an important obstacle in the fight against these problems and students stated that the struggle could be realized together with a unified and strong political voice. Students suggested being organized in the struggle against problems, addressing unions and associations, and political awareness and political participation as a remedy.
Features of X‐ray fluorescence determination of rock‐forming elements in powder samples of peat sediments
Authors: Amosova Alena A. , M. Chubarov Victor , L. Finkelshtein Alexandr 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe features of rock‐forming elements determination in powder samples of peat sediments are considered. Based on theoretical calculations and experimental data, the mineralogical and particle size effects on the X‐ray fluorescence intensity have been estimated. For routine analysis, powder rock samples are usually milled to a particle size of 10–60 μm. Theoretically, estimated variations of rock‐forming elements analytical lines intensities in different minerals are up to 30%, and the particle size effect cannot be eliminated simultaneously for all rock‐forming elements. Experimental estimation shows that the impossibility of the particle size distribution control can lead to significant variations in the intensities of the analytical lines (3%–18%) that is mainly corresponding to theoretical estimation. Fine milling allowed us to achieve an average particle size of fewer than 20 μm and reduce the measurement uncertainty by 1.5–2 times. 12 samples of peat sediments with organic matter content up to 70 wt% were analyzed by X‐ray fluorescence analysis using different sample preparation techniques, as well as by certified methods. The accuracy of X‐ray fluorescence analysis of peat sediments prepared as pressed pellets varies from 1.5 to 11 rel% depending on compound contents. It is more than for samples prepared as fused beads, however, the proposed method can be used to determine the variations of rock‐forming elements contents in peat sediments where the content variations exceed the measurement uncertainty, and accuracy of analysis is sufficient for further paleoecological reconstructions.
God, Cosmos, and Humanity: Muslim Perspectives on Divine Providence
Authors: Rizvi Sajjad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe very notion of divine providence is inextricably linked to our conceptions of Islam. After a consideration of a more scripturally founded model of divine providence and indeed of how we might understand the reality of Islam, I will examine the dominant model for understanding divine providence articulated in the philosophical and theological traditions: the account in Avicenna and Mullā Ṣadrā in which providence explains how and why creation comes about and how we can explain the existence of evils. What are the implications of these historical models for us today in a world of even greater uncertainties, ambiguities, and randomness?
Causality, Indeterminacy, and Providence: Contemporary Islamic Perspectives from Said Nursi and Basil Altaie
Authors: Yazicioglu Isra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo understand divine providence, we need to understand the natural order and our place in it. Such inquiry leads to a rethinking of what we usually construe as explanation, especially the causal explanations we employ in everyday life and in modern science. Nursi and Altaie offer examples of how to do that rethinking. In light of cues from the Quran, they pay attention to empirical data and offer interpretations that are both intellectually and existentially compelling.
Randomness and Providence: Defining the Problem(s)
Authors: Griffith Aaron M. , Naraghi Arash 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we outline the various problems that ontological randomness is supposed to present to God’s providence, as understood by traditional monotheistic religions. We begin by defining various notions of randomness and identify putative examples. We then outline three conceptions of divine providence: Super Meticulous, Meticulous, and General Providence. We go on to articulate the problems that randomness is thought to pose for God’s providence, especially problems concerning God’s omnipotence, omniscience, and omnibenevolence. We explore how the different conceptions of God’s providence fare with respect to these problems and gesture toward some possible responses.
Chance, Evolution, and the Metaphysical Implications of Paleontological Practice
Authors: Love Alan C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor several decades, a debate has been waged over how to interpret the significance of fossils from the Burgess Shale and Cambrian Explosion. Stephen Jay Gould argued that if the “tape of life” was rerun, then the resulting lineages would differ radically from what we find today, implying that humans are a happy accident of evolution. Simon Conway Morris argued that if the “tape of life” was rerun, the resulting lineages would be similar to what we now observe, implying that intelligence would still emerge from an evolutionary process. Recent methodological innovations in paleontological practice call into question both positions and suggest that global claims about the history of life, whether in terms of essential contingency or predictable convergence, are unwarranted.
Multi-track displaced vertices at B-factories
Authors: Acevedo Mason , Blackburn Albany , Blinov Nikita , Shuve Brian , Stone Mavis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We propose a program at B-factories of inclusive, multi-track displaced vertex searches, which are expected to be low background and give excellent sensitivity to non-minimal hidden sectors. Multi-particle hidden sectors often include long-lived particles (LLPs) which result from approximate symmetries, and we classify the possible decays of GeV-scale LLPs in an effective field theory framework. Considering several LLP production modes, including dark photons and dark Higgs bosons, we study the sensitivity of LLP searches with different number of displaced vertices per event and track requirements per displaced vertex, showing that inclusive searches can have sensitivity to a large range of hidden sector models that are otherwise unconstrained by current or planned searches.
Hemodynamic evaluation of patients with Moyamoya Angiopathy: comparison of resting-state fMRI to breath-hold fMRI and [15O]water PET
Authors: Zerweck Leonie , Roder Constantin , Hauser Till-Karsten , Thurow Johannes , Mengel Annerose , Tatagiba Marcos , Khan Nadia , Meyer Philipp T. , Ernemann Ulrike , Klose Uwe 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with Moyamoya Angiopathy (MMA) require hemodynamic evaluation to assess the risk of stroke. Assessment of cerebral blood flow with [15O]water PET and acetazolamide challenge is the diagnostic standard for the evaluation of the cerebral perfusion reserve (CPR). Estimation of the cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) by use of breath-hold-triggered fMRI (bh-fMRI) as an index of CPR has been proposed as a reliable and more readily available approach. Recent findings suggest the use of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) which requires minimum patient compliance. The aim of this study was to compare rs-fMRI to bh-fMRI and [15O]water PET in patients with MMA.

Methods
Patients with MMA underwent rs-fMRI and bh-fMRI in the same MRI session. Maps of the CVR gained by both modalities were compared retrospectively by calculating the correlation between the mean CVR of 12 volumes of interest. Additionally, the rs-maps of a subgroup of patients were compared to CPR-maps gained by [15O]water PET.

Results
The comparison of the rs-maps and the bh-maps of 24 patients revealed a good correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.71 ± 0.13; preoperative patients: Pearson’s r = 0.71 ± 0.17; postoperative patients: Pearson’s r = 0.71 ± 0.11). The comparison of 7 rs-fMRI data sets to the corresponding [15O]water PET data sets also revealed a high level of agreement (Pearson’s r = 0.80 ± 0.19).

Conclusion
The present analysis indicates that rs-fMRI might be a promising non-invasive method with almost no patient cooperation needed to evaluate the CVR. Further prospective studies are required.
Microbial 5′-nucleotidases: their characteristics, roles in cellular metabolism, and possible practical applications
Authors: Zakataeva Natalia P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract5′-Nucleotidases (EC 3.1.3.5) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic dephosphorylation of 5′-ribonucleotides and 5′-deoxyribonucleotides to their respective nucleosides and phosphate. Most 5′-nucleotidases have broad substrate specificity and are multifunctional enzymes capable of cleaving phosphorus from not only mononucleotide phosphate molecules but also a variety of other phosphorylated metabolites. 5′-Nucleotidases are widely distributed throughout all kingdoms of life and found in different cellular locations. The well-studied vertebrate 5′-nucleotidases play an important role in cellular metabolism. These enzymes are involved in purine and pyrimidine salvage pathways, nucleic acid repair, cell-to-cell communication, signal transduction, control of the ribo- and deoxyribonucleotide pools, etc. Although the first evidence of microbial 5′-nucleotidases was obtained almost 60 years ago, active studies of genetic control and the functions of microbial 5′-nucleotidases started relatively recently. The present review summarizes the current knowledge about microbial 5′-nucleotidases with a focus on their diversity, cellular localizations, molecular structures, mechanisms of catalysis, physiological roles, and activity regulation and approaches to identify new 5′-nucleotidases. The possible applications of these enzymes in biotechnology are also discussed.Key points• Microbial 5′-nucleotidases differ in molecular structure, hydrolytic mechanism, and cellular localization.• 5′-Nucleotidases play important and multifaceted roles in microbial cells.• Microbial 5′-nucleotidases have wide range of practical applications.
Graphical abstract
Morphometric analysis of patella and patellar ligament: a cadaveric study to aid patellar tendon grafts
Authors: Aithal Padur Ashwini , Kumar Naveen , Lewis Melissa Glenda , Sekaran Varalakshmi Chandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeMorphometric analysis of the patella and the patellar ligament is crucial in diagnosing and surgical corrections of knee injuries and patellofemoral joint disorders. Dimensions of the patella and the patellar ligament are frequently used in implant design and ACL reconstruction. This study aims to obtain detailed morphometric data on the patellar ligament and its localization based on gross anatomical dissections in the adult cadavers.MethodsThe present study consisted of 50 lower limbs from formalin-fixed male adult cadavers aged about 70 years (45–85) belonging to the South Indian population. Total length of the quadriceps tendon, patellar height, patellar ligament height, proximal width, distal width and thickness of the patellar ligament were measured meticulously. Mean, standard deviation, median scores of each parameter were computed for groups using SPSS 16.0. Level of significance was considered asp < 0.05. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the various parameters on the right and left limbs. The relationships between all parameters were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the various measurements of the patella and patellar ligament between the right and left lower limbs. Patellar ligament length showed positive correlation with ligament thickness (r = 0.36;p = 0.078 for right limb andr = 0.33;p = 0.104 for left limb). Proximal width of ligament showed significant positive correlation with distal width (r = 0.41;p = 0.041 for right limb andr = 0.54;p = 0.006 for left limb).ConclusionThis morphometric data and analysis might be fundamental in understanding various knee conditions in situ and necessary to orthopedic surgeons for successful planning and execution for ACL reconstruction using patellar ligament graft and other patellofemoral joint disorders.Level of evidenceI
Venetoclax plus azacitidine and donor lymphocyte infusion in treating acute myeloid leukemia patients who relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Zhao Peng , Ni Ming , Ma Dan , Fang Qin , Zhang Yan , Li Yanju , Huang Yi , Chen Ying , Chai Xiao , Zhan Yun , Li Yan , Kang Qian , Zhao Mei , Liu Min , Zhang Fengqi , Huang Shisi , Wen Shuangshuang , Deng Bo , Wang Jishi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of venetoclax plus azacitidine and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in treating patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Twenty-six AML patients who relapsed after allo-HSCT were enrolled and treated with venetoclax plus azacitidine and DLI. Complete remission with incomplete recovery (CRi), partial remission (PR), and objective remission rate (ORR) were assessed, and then event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Besides, adverse events were documented. Additionally, whole exome sequencing was performed in bone marrow samples. The CRi, PR, and ORR rates were 26.9%, 34.6%, and 61.5%, respectively. The median time of EFS and OS was 120 (95% CI: 71–610) days and 284.5 (95% CI: 81–610) days, respectively. The most common adverse events were hematologic system adverse events including agranulocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, while the adverse events of other systems were relatively less and milder. In addition, no serious adverse events existed. Of note, there were 6 (23.1%) patients who developed GVHD. As for gene mutation, 49 mutated genes were found, which were categorized as first-, second-, and third-class mutations, and then further analysis revealed that the first-class mutations were not correlated with EFS or OS. Additionally, the most frequent mutated genes were FLT3, CEBPA, DNMT3A, KIT, KRAS, and NRAS. Venetoclax plus azacitidine and DLI is efficient and tolerant in treating patients with relapsed AML after allo-HSCT, implying this combined therapy as a potential treatment option in the studied patients.