bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of resistance in chili against Sclerotium rolfsii by plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and Anagallis arvensis
Authors: Sharf Warda , Javaid Arshad , Shoaib Amna , Khan Iqra Haider 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundSclerotium rolfsiiis a soil-borne fungal pathogen causing diseases in more than 500 plant species. It causes southern blight disease in chili. Chemical fungicides are used to control this disease, which also pollute the environment. The present study was designed to assess the potential of two species of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) viz.Bacillus megateriumandPseudomonas fluorescence, and an allelopathic weed,Anagallis arvensisL., for the control of southern blight disease of chili.ResultsInitially, three PGPR strains, viz.B. megateriumOSR3,B. megateriumZMR6, andP. fluorescencePF-097, were selected for their in vitro antagonistic assessment againstS. rolfsiiby dual culture technique on potato dextrose agar medium. OSR3 showed the highest antagonistic potential (68%), followed by PF-097 (54%) and ZMR6 (33%).In a pot experiment, the two best strains of PGPR, namely OSR3 and PF-097, and dried biomass ofA. arvensis(DBA) in different concentrations (1, 2 and 3%) were used to manage southern blight disease of chili.In positive control treatment (S. rolfsiionly), plant survival was low (73%) than the negative control (100%). OSR3, PF-097, OSR3 + 2% DBA, and PF-097 + 2% DBA significantly enhanced plant survival over positive control. The highest increase in chili growth over positive control was recorded due to OSR3, followed by PF-097 inoculations. Contents of carotenoid and chlorophyll were significantly decreased due to the fungal pathogen and improved due to PGPR strains. Application of the two PGPR strains and different concentrations ofA. arvensisdistinctly increased the catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol peroxidase (PPO) activities over positive control.ConclusionsThe present study concluded that PGPR strainsB. megateriumOSR3 andP. fluorescencePF-097 can control southern blight disease effectively and increase growth and yield of chili.
Involvement of GluA1-AMPAR-mediated LTP in time-dependent decline of cognitive function in rats with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Luo Xiaoqing , Yu Xiaoli , Liang Jufang , Sun Ruidi , Li Cheng , Jiang Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Cognitive impairment is one of the common comorbidities in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Previous studies have found significant decay of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in TLE rats with cognitive impairment. As the activation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) is responsible for LTP formation and learning and memory, we investigated whether AMPARs are involved in the LTP inhibition and the TLE-associated cognitive impairments.

Methods
TLE rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride-pilocarpine on postnatal day 21 (P21). Learning and memory performance, hippocampal expression of membrane GluA1-AMPARs, and hippocampal LTP were tested by behavioral tests, western blotting, and field potential recording, respectively, at 1, 5 and 13 weeks after induction of status epilepticu (SE). Finally, the effects of (S)-AMPA, an agonist of AMPARs, on LTP and cognitive function were tested.

Results
Results of behavioral tests revealed an time-dependent decline in the learning and memory of TLE rats when compared to the age-matched controls at week 5 and 13, rather than at week 1 after the induction of SE. Western blotting showed that the hippocampal expression of membrane GluA1 was significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner in the TLE rats when compared to the age-matched controls at weeks 5 and 13, rather than at week 1 after the induction of SE. Similarly, the hippocampal LTP was inhibited in a time-dependent manner in TLE rats at weeks 5 and 13, rather than at week 1 after the induction of SE. Moreover, intra-hippocampal injection of (S)-AMPA ameliorated the deficits in learning as well as spatial and emotional memory in a dose-dependent manner, and partially reversed the inhibition of CA1 LTP in the TLE rats at week 13 after the induction of SE.

Conclusions
The reduced expression of hippocampal membrane GluA1 may be involved in LTP decay in CA1 and cognition impairment in TLE rats.
An inventory and assessment of glaciers, rock glaciers, perennial snowfields, and permafrost landforms in the Teton Range, WY, USA
Authors: Goff Paepin D. , Butler David R. 
Published: January 2021

Glaciers, rock glaciers, and permafrost landforms store water within ice reserves in alpine and periglacial zones. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem of northwestern Wyoming, U.S.A., these landforms charge the hydrological system through meltwater, which raises questions about the ecological impacts of these limited water reserves in a regime trending toward warmer and drier conditions. Here, I investigate the impact of glacier and rock glacier meltwater on the ecological systems within the Grand Teton, Wind River, and Gros Ventre mountain watersheds. This investigation relies on remotely sensed satellite imagery, aerial photography, and Lidar, as well as in situ field data. With these data, I provide a high-resolution inventory of glacial, rock glacial, and permafrost landforms in the GYE.

Featured photo by Grand Teton on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/2hwtrRb
For everything there was a season: phenological shifts in the Tetons
Authors: Bloom Trevor , Riginos Corinna , O'Leary Donal 
Published: January 2021

Around the world, phenology — the timing of ecological events — is shifting as the climate warms. This can lead to a variety of consequences for individual species and entire ecological communities. Grand Teton National Park biologists have identified this topic (“effect of earlier plant flowering on pollinators and wildlife”) as one of their priority research needs. We assembled phenological observations of first flowering dates for 49 species collected by Frank Craighead, Jr. in the 1970s, before significant warming occurred. In 2016 we began standardized phenological observations of these same species, plus an additional 61 for a total of 110 species, in the same locations. First flowering date for 65% of the species with historic records correlated significantly with mean spring temperature; these species are therefore expected to flower earlier now than in the 1970s. Early spring flowers had the largest shifts in phenology, emerging an average of 21 days earlier now relative to the 1970s. Yet not all species are emerging earlier. In particular, phenology of late summer/early fall flowering plants was largely unchanged. In 2017, we initiated pollinator collections at our key phenology sites. Additional years of observations will allow us to better understand plant-pollinator interactions and identify potential phenological mismatches.

Featured photo by Shawna Wolf, taken from the AMK Ranch photo collection.
Flucloxacillin bone and soft tissue concentrations assessed by microdialysis in pigs after intravenous and oral administration
Authors: Bendtsen Mathias A. F. , Bue Mats , Hanberg Pelle , Slater Josefine , Thomassen Maja B. , Hansen Jakob , Søballe Kjeld , Öbrink-Hansen Kristina , Stilling Maiken 
Published: January 2021

Aims Flucloxacillin is commonly administered intravenously for perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis, while oral administration is typical for prophylaxis following smaller traumatic wounds. We assessed the time, for which the free flucloxacillin concentration was maintained above the minimum inhibitory concentration ( fT > MIC) for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in soft and bone tissue, after intravenous and oral administration, using microdialysis in a porcine model. Methods A total of 16 pigs were randomly allocated to either intravenous (Group IV) or oral (Group PO) flucloxacillin 1 g every six hours during a 24-hour period. Microdialysis was used for sampling in cancellous and cortical bone, subcutaneous tissue, and the knee joint. In addition, plasma was sampled. The flucloxacillin fT > MIC was evaluated using a low MIC target (0.5 μg/ml) and a high MIC target (2.0 μg/ml). Results Intravenous administration resulted in longer fT > MIC (0.5 μg/ml) compared to oral administration, except for cortical bone. In Group IV, all pigs reached a concentration of 0.5 μg/ml in all compartments. The mean fT > MIC (0.5 μg/ml) was 149 minutes (95% confidence interval (CI) 119 to 179; range 68 to 323) in subcutaneous tissue and 61 minutes (95% CI 29 to 94; range 0 to 121) to 106 minutes (95% CI 76 to 136; range 71 to 154) in bone tissue. In Group PO, 0/8 pigs reached a concentration of 0.5 μg/ml in all compartments. For the high MIC target (2.0 μg/ml), fT > MIC was close to zero minutes in both groups across compartments. Conclusion Although intravenous administration of flucloxacillin 1 g provided higher fT > MIC for the low MIC target compared to oral administration, concentrations were surprisingly low, particularly for bone tissue. Achievement of sufficient bone and soft tissue flucloxacillin concentrations may require a dose increase or continuous administration. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(1):60–67.
Hatte Nottebohm recht?
Authors: Büsing Otfried 
Published: January 2021

Darauf bezugnehmend: Thomas Daniel: Hatte Nottebohm unrecht? Zur unvollendeten Fuga a 3 Soggetti aus Bachs Kunst der Fuge. BJ 2016, S. 45-55
Otfried Büsing: Kurze Duplik auf Thomas Daniels Replik zu "Hatte Nottebohm recht?" BJ 2016, S. 57-62
Optical fiber SPR biosensor complying with a 3D composite hyperbolic metamaterial and a graphene film
Authors: Li Can , Gao Jinjuan , Shafi Muhammad , Liu Runcheng , Zha Zhipeng , Feng Dejun , Liu Mei , Du Xuejian , Yue Weiwei , Jiang Shouzhen 
Published: January 2021

In the present study, an optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor was developed for measuring time- and concentration-dependent DNA hybridization kinetics. Its design complies with a 3D

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multilayer composite hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM), a graphene film, and a D-shaped plastic optical fiber. According to the numerical simulation and the experimental demonstration, the SPR peak of the designed biosensor can be effectively altered in the range of visible to near-infrared by varying the HMM structure. The sensitivity of the appliance was shown to achieve a value of up to 4461 nm/RIU, allowing its applicability for bulk refractive index sensing. Furthermore, a biosensor designed in this work displayed high-resolution capability (ranging from 10 pM to 100 nM), good linearity, and high repeatability along with a detection limit down to 10 pM, thus suggesting a vast potential for medical diagnostics and clinical applications.
Into the Vicious Cycle of Precarity: Labour Market, Precarious Work, Social Vulnerability and Youth: The case of Greece within the EU context
Authors: Papadakis Nikos , Drakaki Maria , Saridaki Sofia , Dafermos Vassilis 
Published: January 2021

Ιn the last decade, there has been a widespread expansion of both precarious work and precarious forms of employment (such as temporary and low-qualified jobs, seasonal and part-time jobs etc.), in which a growing share of young people work. The impact of precarious work on young people is likely to be permanent, while it seems to affect (even over-determine) their life courses. Non-smooth and early transitions into labour market are very likely to worsen progressively their long-term life chances (Lodovici & Semenza, 2012: 7). Undoubtedly, the long-lasting global economic Crisis and the subsequent Recession, has heavily affected the state of play in the labour market worldwide, provoking severe modifications both in the field of employment and countries’ social cohesion. Based on the above mentioned, the paper deals with precarious work in general, while it emphasizes precarious work among youth. It initially captures, briefly, the state of play in terms of the impact of the Crisis on the widening of the phenomenon of precarious work and then it focuses on theoretical insights and critical conceptual definitions concerning precariousness in the labour market. Further, based on secondary quantitative -data analysis, it analyses the key- parameters and facets of precarious work (focusing on youth) in the European Union and, mainly, in Greece. Additionally, it briefly presents parameters of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on precariousness in Greece. Finally, the paper explores the correlation between precarious work and social vulnerability, especially among young people.
The present paper is based on an ongoing Research Project. More specifically, this research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund- ESF) through the Operational Programme «Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning 2014-2020» in the context of the project “Precarious Work and Youth in today’s Greece: secondary quantitative analysis, qualitative filed research and research-based policy proposals” (MIS 5048510).
The influence of the domestic election cycle on the turnout for European parliamentary elections. The case of Poland
Authors: Nadolska Jadwiga 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the article is to diagnose the causes of the increased interest shown by Poles in the European parliamentary election in 2019. From 2014 to 2019, Poles’ participation in elections to the European Parliament went up from 23.83% to 45.68%. Drawing on Europe salience theory and second-order election theory, I set out to determine whether changes in Poles’ attitudes towards the European Union led to this almost twofold increase in turnout from 2014 to 2019, or whether this trend was mainly attributable to the election cycle, that is, the coincidence in 2019 of both European and domestic parliamentary elections. My research involved an analysis of survey data (CBOS, Eurobarometr), statistical data, and the course of the European parliamentary election campaign.
During the analysis, it turned out that in the years 2014–2019 there were no significant changes in how the European Union and its institutions were perceived by Poles that could explain the dramatic increase in interest in the European election. What had the greatest impact on voter behaviour was the fact that the European election was held just several months before an election to the Polish parliament. The Polish political parties treated the European election in May as a test of support in the nation election to be held in the autumn – as a ‘quasi-first round.’ The European election campaign was heavily covered by the media, and focused on domestic issues (building up Poland’s welfare state). The ruling party’s announcement of numerous social reforms and a desire to influence the result of the ‘May round’ mobilised an above-average number of Poles to take an active part in the European election.
Relationship between hemodynamic parameters and portal venous pressure in cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension
Authors: Yao Hongjuan , Wang Yongliang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCirrhosis caused by viral and alcoholic hepatitis is an essential cause of portal hypertension (PHT). The incidence of PHT complication is directly proportional to portal venous pressure (PVP), and the clinical research of PVP and its hemodynamic indexes is of great significance for deciding the treatment strategy of PHT. Various techniques are currently being developed to decrease portal pressure but hemodynamic side effects may occur. In this article, the hemodynamic indexes of cirrhotic PHT patients were studied to explore the correlation between the index and PVP and to evaluate the clinical value of Doppler ultrasound in measuring PVP in patients with PHT. This was achieved by selecting 90 cirrhotic PHT patients who underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in our hospital from June 2015 to September 2019. Fifty healthy people who had a physical examination in the hospital in the same period were selected as the control group. The liver hemodynamic parameters of two groups were measured by Doppler ultrasound, and the cirrhotic PHT patients were graded by the Child–Pugh grading method to evaluate the liver function and measure the PVP value. The results showed that both the central portal vein velocity (PVV) and splenic vein velocity (SVV) of the PHT group were lower than those of the control group. Also, the portal vein diameter (PVD), portal venous flow and splenic vein diameter (SVD) were higher than those of the control group (all Ps < 0.05). Among liver function graded PHT patients, the PVD, PVV, SVD and SVV were significantly different (all Ps < 0.05). Furthermore, the PVP of patients with liver function grades A, B and C was 38.9 ± 1.4, 40.6 ± 5.1 and 42.5 ± 4.8 cmH2O, respectively, with a significant difference. It can be concluded from this study that Doppler ultrasound can be used as a tool for clinical assessment of PHT in cirrhosis patients. Doppler ultrasound showed a good prospect in noninvasive detection of PHT in cirrhosis; however, this technique needs application on large sample population study to validate the results.
Multicultural powers of “fluffy” words and actions in general and special education
Authors: Obiakor Festus E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The search for “quality” has been the driving force behind general and special education programs; and rightly so! This search has led to incessant demands for scientifically proven and evidence-based methods, both in research and practice. However, this search has frequently ignored “fluffy” words and actions that make up the gum that glues together good friendships, marriages, relationships, classrooms, organizations, institutions, and communities. The reality is that this Utopian demand for quality has downplayed or eliminated “hearty” and caring sensibilities in general and special education programming. This systematically creates psychological, socio-emotional, and educational problems for culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) and vulnerable learners who have been traditionally disenfranchised, disadvantaged, and disillusioned. The critical question is, What can be done to incorporate and value “fluffy” words and actions in general and special education in this puritanical search for quality? This is the focus of this article.
Comparative study of the thermal performance of four different parallel flow shell and tube heat exchangers with different performance indicators
Authors: Yu Chulin , Zhang Haiqing , Wang Youqiang , Wang Jin , Gao Bingjun , Fang Zhou 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Round rod baffle (RRB), plain plate baffle (PPB), wavy-shaped plate baffle (WSB) and polygonal-shaped plate baffle (PSB) are four commonly used baffles in parallel flow shell and tube heat exchangers (STHXs). Comparative study of these four different baffles are numerically carried out using different performance indicators including Nusselt number, friction factor, performance evaluation criterion, entropy generation ratio, and entransy dissipation ratio for flow in full turbulent regime. Heat transfer mechanism has also been discussed. Correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor are fitted and the cost estimation using Hall’s method is compared. It is found that the Nusselt number of STHX-PPB, STHX-WSB, and STHX-PSB increased by 20.9%, 15.2%, and 23.9% averagely compared with STHX-RRB, respectively. The friction factor can be increased on average by 142.0%, 154.5%, and 242.4%, respectively. However, the overall performance of them is only 90.1%, 84.4%, and 82.3% that of STHX-RRB, respectively. The sequence of entropy generation and entransy dissipation is STHX-RRB > STHX-WSB > STHX-PPB > STHX-PSB. The inlet Re and baffle distance have significant effects on different performance indicators while the baffle width does not. Finally, the results show that the STHX-PSB can reduce the total cost as it has better ability on heat enhancement.
Hopkinson rod test results and constitutive description of TRIP780 steel resistance spot welding material
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Zhang Jianrong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A quasi-static tensile test was performed on a 1.4 mm-thick TRIP780 steel strip with welding points. An MTS810 material test machine was used in the test, and a Split Hopkinson tension bar device was used in performing impact stretch loading at different strain rates. The dynamic tensile stress–strain curve of the spot welding material with different strain rates was obtained through the finely designed Hopkinson rod test, and the strain rate dependence of a TRIP780 steel spot welding material was discussed. According to the dynamic constitutive equation of the TRIP780 steel spot welding material, the test results were numerically simulated, the constitutive description and test curves were compared, and the simulation results and test results were discussed and analyzed. The fractures of the test recovery specimen were scanned with the scanning electron microscope, and the fracture mechanism of the TRIP780 steel spot welding material was explored by observing the fractures. The surfaces of the fractures surface showed obvious cleavage river patterns, and the evolution process of microcracks was determined and used in characterizing brittle fractures in specimen spot welding sample subjected to dynamic stretch loading.
Extension of optimal homotopy asymptotic method with use of Daftardar–Jeffery polynomials to Hirota–Satsuma coupled system of Korteweg–de Vries equations
Authors: Hussain Zawar , Khan Shahid , Ullah Asad , Ikramullah  , Ayaz Muhammad , Ahmad Imtiaz , Mashwani Wali Khan , Chu Yu-Ming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, the Daftardar–Jeffery polynomials are incorporated in the homotopy of the optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) for solving the generalized Hirota–Satsuma coupled system of Korteweg–de Vries equations. The results are displayed through graphs and tables. The results obtained in this study are also compared with the published work on OHAM, which shows that OHAM-DJ is more explicit, reliable, and an efficient analytical technique. The exactness of the developed method can be improved by performing the higher iterations.
Computational exploration for radiative flow of Sutterby nanofluid with variable temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and diffusion coefficient
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Nazir Umar , Chu Yu-Ming , Alrabaiah Hussam , Al-Kouz Wael , Thounthong Phatiphat 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article addresses the effects of thermal radiation, stratification, and Joule heating for the flow of magnetohydrodynamics Sutterby nanofluid past over a stretching cylinder. The transport phenomenon of heat and mass are modeled under temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and diffusion coefficients, respectively. Moreover, traditional Fourier and Fick’s laws have been implemented in thermal and mass transport expressions. The governing model that consists of a set of coupled partial differential equations is converted into system of nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations via suitable similarity transformations. The resulting set of expressions is analytically treated through an optimal homotopy scheme. The effects of different dimensionless flow parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration fields are illustrated through graphs. The patterns of skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers are examined via bar charts. The major outcome of the proposed study is that variable thermal conductivity decays the temperature and radiation raises the temperature of the system. Stratification parameters show the reverse behavior for temperature and concentration boundary layers. Shear rate-dependent rheology in view of Sutterby liquid has the ability to reduce the flow of fluid. Therefore, the ability of flow in rheology of Sutterby liquid becomes reduced. Consequently, layer of momentum boundary has increased with respect to parameter of Sutterby liquid.