bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the rob(1;29) translocation on the fertility of beef cattle reared under extensive conditions: A 30‐year retrospective study
Authors: Jiménez Jose Maria , Morales Rosa , Molina Antonio , Moreno‐Millán Miguel , Demyda‐Peyrás Sebastián 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Robertsonian translocation 1/29 (rob(1;29)) is the most worldwide widespread chromosomal abnormality in domestic animals. Previous studies have demonstrated its negative effect on fertility in dairy herds, but not in beef cattle extensively bred. In this study, we analysed the effect of rob(1;29) in a Retinta cattle breed data set gathered during the last 30 years. The data presented herein include rob(1;29) analysis of 11,505 cows from 251 herds, pedigree information of 24,790 animals and 67,457 calving records. Fertility was evaluated using estimated breeding values for the reproductive efficiency (Re), calculated as the percentage ratio between the number of calvings of an individual and the number expected in an optimal situation. Our results showed that cows carrying the heterozygote genotype showed a significant decrease in their Re (−5.10%, p < .001). No decrease was detected in free rob(1;29) animals and homozygous carriers. In addition, the incidence of rob(1;29) in the breed fertility was decreased to very low values after 30 years of avoiding selection of bulls' carrier as stallions. The effect of rob(1;29) on cattle fertility is only significant when the prevalence of carrier individuals is high. Selecting against the disease only by the paternal side reduced the incidence to negligible values.
The erosionally confined to emergent transition in a slope‐derived blocky mass‐transport deposit interacting with a turbidite substrate, Ventimiglia Flysch Formation (Grès d’Annot System, north‐west Italy)
Authors: Marini Mattia , Patacci Marco , Felletti Fabrizio , Decarlis Alessandro , McCaffrey William 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBasal interaction beneath frontally‐emergent mass‐transport deposits has been widely documented in seismic data, but its effect on deposit heterogeneity not convincingly calibrated at outcrop. Several blocky mass‐transport deposits occur as part of the Late Eocene Ventimiglia Flysch of north‐west Italy, comprising slope‐derived marlstones, representing the original slide, and turbidite material, entrained after erosion of substrate sediments; this study reports on the best exposed. Correlation of twenty‐nine sedimentary logs tied to the hosting turbidite stratigraphy allows thickness and facies changes to be tracked over an area of ca 40 km2, spanning the erosionally confined to emergent transition. A basal erosion >55 m deep and several kilometres wide confines a marlstone megabreccia containing megaclasts of up to 1 km across, interpreted as the product of a submarine slide originated from a sector collapse of the western basinal slope. Approaching the downstream limit of this erosional confinement the marlstone megabreccia is replaced by highly deformed turbidites that, more distally, are in turn superseded by a debrite composed dominantly of turbidite material. Structural and textural characteristics suggest that the distally‐extending debrite was deposited by a forerunner debris flow formed as substrate sediments liquefied ahead of the advancing slide, whereas the deformed turbidites were accumulated at slide margins shortly before it came to a halt. Farther downstream, the debrite is a few metres thick and sits onto the undisturbed basin floor, indicating that the mass flow became emergent distally, and was sufficiently mobile (with an estimated runout in excess of a few tens of kilometres) to redistribute the material evacuated from the basal erosion (>0.5 km3). The mass‐transport deposit terminates upward into a graded marlstone conglomerate deposited by a late‐stage multiphase flow. This study provides a rare insight into facies variation in a frontally‐emergent mass‐transport deposit, showing how basal interaction with poorly consolidated substrates can result in erosional confinement and significant transformation of the parental flow.
The contribution and potential of older blood donors in Asia Pacific regions
Authors: Fung Yoke‐Lin , Lee Cheuk‐Kwong , Kwon So‐Yong , Soedarmono Yuyun , Satake Masahiro , Alcantara Ramir , Donkin Rebecca 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the blood supply contribution of older donors in five Asia Pacific regions.BackgroundOlder people are often the largest blood user group. Thus, as the population ages blood supply needs increase. Minimum and maximum donation age criteria potentially constrain the size of the donor pool.Materials and methodsHaemoglobin values and demographic frequency analytics (sex, age and blood type) were analysed on blood donors aged 60 years or more, from Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Singapore and South Korea over 12 months.ResultsData on  434357 donations was analysed. ABO Rh(D) frequencies of older donors matched that of national frequencies. Older donors were a disproportionately smaller proportion of the total donor pool for each country. Indonesia was the only region with no maximum age limit. Median haemoglobin for older males ranged from 14.2 to 14.8 g/dl and for females 13.1 to 13.9 g/dl. The frequency of female donors was between 15% and 33% of older donors. Older donors had higher donation frequency and lower deferral rates.ConclusionOlder donors are loyal and regular donors but under‐represented in all regions studied. They could help meet future blood supply needs, especially post‐menopausal female donors. Studies including ferritin levels are needed to determine if upper age limits can be safely modified.
Effect of Pin Fins on Jet Impingement Heat Transfer Over a Rotating Disk
Authors: Bhansali Pratik S. , Ramakrishnan Kishore Ranganath , Ekkad Srinath V. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Many engineering applications consist of rotating components that experience high-heat load. Applications like the gas turbine engine consist of rotating disks and the study of heat transfer over such rotating surfaces is of particular interest. In the case of gas turbines, the disk also needs to be protected from the ingress of hot turbine gases caused by the low-pressure region created due to the radially outward pumping of fluid close to the rotating surface. The present experimental study investigates the effects of introducing pin-fins on heat transfer over surface of a rotating gas-turbine disk. The experiments were conducted at rotational Reynolds numbers (ReR) of 5487–12,803 based on the disk diameter (D) and jet Reynolds numbers (Re) of 5000–18,000 based on the jet diameter. The effects of nozzle to target spacing (z/d=2−6), eccentricity of impingement (ε = 0−0.67), angle of impingement—both toward and away from the center (θi and θo=0 deg−20 deg), and the pin fin height (Hf=3.05 mm−19.05 mm) were studied. Steady-state temperature measurements were taken using thermocouples embedded in the disk close to the target surface, and area average Nusselt number (Nu) was calculated. The results have been compared with those for a smooth aluminum disk of equal dimensions and without any pin-fins. The average Nu was significantly enhanced by the presence of pin-fins. The enhancement was higher for lower values of Re, and the maximum enhancement was found to be 3.9 times that of a smooth disk for Re=5000. In the impingement dominant regime, the effect of disk rotation was minimal for a smooth disk, but the heat transfer increased with rotational speed in case of pin-fins. There was no impact of eccentricity on Nu for ε = 0 and 0.33. For ε = 0.67, the maximum reduction in enhancement over a smooth surface (21.95%) was observed when compared with coaxial impingement for stationary impingement for Re=18,000 and z/d=4. The effect of inclination angle was insignificant, and no clear trend could be established. Higher heat transfer rates were observed for z/d=6 with the increasing Re, and this effect diminished with the increase in the rotational speed. With the increase in pin-fin height, especially at higher values of Re, there was in increase in the value of Nu. Qualitative visualization of flow field has been performed for smooth and the pin-fin case using the commercial simulation package Ansys Fluent to further understand the flow features that result in the heat transfer enhancement.
Features of the Flow of a Model Liquid Into a Medium With a Variable Degree of Rarefaction
Authors: Yaskin A. S. , Zarvin A. E. , Dubrovin K. A. , Kalyada V. V. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Experimental results of observing ethanol microjets expiring into a highly rarefied medium (vacuum) through a nozzle are presented. The study of the process was carried out both at the horizontal and vertical liquid stream from the source compared to the direction of gravity The residual background gas pressure in the vacuum chamber was maintained at a level much lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the working fluid at a given outlet temperature. The possibility of modeling complex processes of microfluids expiring into a medium with a given rarefied atmosphere on a compact vacuum gas-dynamic stand is shown. It is established that the long-term flow from a thin capillary or a small-diameter hole into a vacuum or a highly rarefied gas medium differs significantly from the well-studied flow modes into a dense gas medium, as well as from the pulsed flow modes into a vacuum. The paper describes the main features of the flow and the conditions for the occurrence of instability. It is shown that the long-term flow of a liquid microjet in a vacuum has a high degree of surface instability, with a large number of sudden changes in the direction, structure, and observed density. An explanation of the reasons for the destruction of the microjet (due to the combination of capillary instability and intense evaporation of superheated liquid from the surface of the jet) is proposed. The formation of surface gas caverns causing explosive destruction of the microjet with the release of vapor–liquid droplets is established.
Effect of Shot Peening on the Surface Oxidation of P92 Steel in the Steam Environment at 600 °C
Authors: Huang Yuhui , Xuan Fu-Zhen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The effect of shot peening on oxidation behavior of P92 steel was investigated under the steam environment of 600 °C. Evolution of microstructure, hardness and residual stress under different air pressure of shot peening were discussed. On the shot peened surface, a stable hematite outer layer was detected by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The increased oxidation resistance of hematite layer was ascribed to the increased outward diffusion of Cr and the decreased inward diffusion of oxygen. In addition, the role of residual stress in the oxygen diffusion was discussed.
The Flow-Structure Couplings of Fluidelastic Instability and the Effect of Frequency Detuning in Triangular Tube Bundles Subjected to a Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Sadek Omar , Mohany Atef , Hassan Marwan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For decades, fluidelastic instability (FEI) has been known to cause dramatic mechanical failures in tube bundles. Therefore, it has been extensively studied to mitigate its catastrophic consequences. Most of these studies were conducted in controlled experiments where significant simplifications to the geometry and flow conditions were utilized. One of these simplifications is the assumption that all tubes have the same dynamic characteristics. However, in steam generators with U-bend tube configuration, the natural frequencies of tubes are nonuniform due to manufacturing tolerances and tubes' curvature in the U-bend region. Thus, this investigation aims to understand the rule of frequency variation (detuning) on FEI in two-phase flow. This includes investigating the effect of detuning on transverse and streamwise FEI for air–water mixture flow. The role of FEI damping and stiffness couplings was investigated over the entire range of air void fraction, or equivalently, the mass-damping parameter. It was found that frequency detuning could elevate the stability threshold caused by either coupling at high air void fraction in the case of transverse FEI. Furthermore, the frequency detuning had a marginal effect on the stability threshold for water flow. It was observed that the mass-damping parameter has a critical impact on FEI under detuning conditions.
A Study of Generalized Projective
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−
Curvature Tensor on Warped Product Manifolds
Authors: De Uday Chand , Abdelhameed Syied Abdallah , Bin Turki Nasser , Alsaeed Suliman 
Published: December 2021

The main aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the

P
−

curvature flatness,

P
−

divergence-free characteristic, and

P
−

symmetry of a warped product manifold on its base and fiber (factor) manifolds. It is proved that the base and the fiber manifolds of the

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−

curvature flat warped manifold are Einstein manifold. Besides that, the forms of the

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−

curvature tensor on the base and the fiber manifolds are obtained. The warped product manifold with

P
−

divergence-free characteristic is investigated, and amongst many results, it is proved that the factor manifolds are of constant scalar curvature. Finally,

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−

symmetric warped product manifold is considered.
Inpatient Mortality Among Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome at ECMO and Non-ECMO Centers in the United States
Authors: Maine Rebecca G. , Strassle Paula , Orleans Brian , Bryant Mary K. , Raff Lauren , Reid Trista , Charles Anthony 
Published: December 2021

Background A 2009 randomized control trial found patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who transferred to an extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation therapy (ECMO) center had better survival, even if they did not receive ECMO. This study aimed to use a national US database to determine if care at ECMO centers offer a survival advantage in patients with ARDS with mechanical ventilation only. Methods Hospitalizations of patients 18-64 years old who had ARDS and mechanical ventilation in the 2010-2016 Health care Cost and Utilization Project National Readmission Database were included. ECMO centers performed at least 1 veno-venous ECMO hospitalization annually; or >5, >20, and >50 on sensitivity analysis. Multivariable logistic regression compared inpatient mortality, after adjusting for timing of hospitalization, patient demographics, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics. Results Of the 1 224 447 ARDS hospitalizations and mechanical ventilation, 41% were at ECMO centers. ECMO centers were more likely to be larger, private, non-profit, teaching hospitals. ARDS at admission was more common at non-ECMO centers (31% vs 23%, P < .0001); however, other patient demographics and comorbidities did not differ. After adjustment, no difference in inpatient mortality was seen between ECMO and non-ECMO centers (OR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.02). This relationship did not change in sensitivity analyses. Discussion Adult patients with ARDS requiring mechanical ventilation may not have improved outcomes if treated at an ECMO center and suggest that early transfer of all ARDS patients to ECMO centers may not be warranted. Further evaluation of ECMO center volume and illness severity is needed.
Prediction of Postoperative Mortality in Patients With Organ Failure Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Li Vivian , Serrano Pablo E. 
Published: December 2021

Background Failure to rescue (FTR) patients with postoperative complications contribute to a significant proportion of postoperative mortality. Our main objective was to determine the risk factors for FTR among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy who suffered a life-threatening complication requiring intensive care unit (ICU) management. Materials and Methods Consecutive patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy from 2011 to 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Causes of organ failure were described as the one that most commonly contributed to patient’s transfer to ICU or death. Two groups were created based on whether patients had FTR and risk factors for FTR were compared. The impact of baseline characteristics, operative characteristics, and risk scoring on FTR was analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results There were 19/58 (33%) FTR patients. Baseline, operative characteristics, postoperative complications, and length of hospital and ICU stay were similar between groups. However, a higher proportion of FTR patients experienced a postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) (16% vs 2.6%, P = .062). Among patients who experienced a POPF, the FTR group had a trend in delayed time from diagnosis to treatment (7 vs 23 hours, P=.131). Renal complications (OR 6.12, 95% CI, 1.23 to 38.43, P = .035) and time from POPF diagnosis to treatment (OR 1.05, 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.11, P = .036) were independent predictors of FTR by multivariable analysis. Conclusion The occurrence of certain postoperative complications such as renal complications as well as delayed timing of the management of POPF is predictive of FTR following pancreaticoduodenectomy, especially as delayed timing to treatment is a risk factor for FTR.
Faecal calprotectin is not necessarily required as a screen for significant bowel disease in primary care
Authors: Waite Matthew Malcolm Andrew , Langmead Louise , Ayling Ruth M 
Published: December 2021

Objective NICE recommends measurement of faecal haemoglobin (f-Hb) using faecal immunochemical test (FIT) when colorectal cancer is suspected and calprotectin (f-Cal) in the context of inflammatory bowel disease, though neither is disease specific. During the COVID-19 pandemic, f-Hb has been a requirement prior to referral for endoscopy in England; f-Cal is often performed simultaneously. The aim of this study was to investigate test performance of both tests for significant bowel disease in those patients referred. Design All adult patients with simultaneous measurements of f-Hb and f-Cal between April 2019 and September 2020 were included. For those referred, outcomes were determined from clinical records. Results 650 patients with simultaneous samples for f-Hb an f-Cal were managed in Primary Care; 319 patients were referred to hospital; SBD was found in 32 (10.0%) (CRC 5, high risk adenomas 5, IBD 22). At a cut-off of 10 μg/g for f-Hb and 200 μg/g for f-Cal, the sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value for diagnosis of SBD were 84.4%, 58.2% and 96.7% and 68.8%, 89.6% and 95.7%, respectively. Performance of both tests would have enabled diagnosis of two more cases of significant, but non-malignant, bowel disease but required over 4% more referrals for investigation. Conclusion Use of FIT has become established to assist prioritisation of patients for referral from Primary Care. Whilst introduced specifically for CRC, FIT performs well as a rule out for IBD in Primary Care and the use of f-Cal is not required.
Guiding Attention via a Cognitive Aid During a Simulated In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Scenario: A Salience Effort Expectancy Value Model Analysis
Authors: Grundgeiger Tobias , Michalek Annabell , Hahn Felix , Wurmb Thomas , Meybohm Patrick , Happel Oliver 
Published: December 2021

Objective To investigate the effect of a cognitive aid on the visual attention distribution of the operator using the Salience Effort Expectancy Value (SEEV) model. Background Cognitive aids aim to support an operator during the execution of a task. The effect of cognitive aids on performance is frequently evaluated but whether a cognitive aid improved, for example, attention distribution has not been considered. Method We built the Expectancy Value (EV) model version which can be considered to indicate optimal attention distribution for a given event. We analyzed the eye tracking data of emergency physicians while using a cognitive aid application versus no application during a simulated in-hospital cardiac arrest scenario. Results The EV model could fit the attention distribution in such a simulated emergency situation. Partially supporting our hypothesis, the cognitive aid application group showed a significantly better EV model fit than the no application group in the first phases of the event, but a worse fit in the last phase. Conclusion We demonstrated that a cognitive aid affected attention distribution and that the SEEV model provides the means of capturing these effects. We suggest that the aid supported and improved visual attention distribution in the stressful first phases of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation but may have focused attention on objects that are relevant for lower priority goals in the last phase. Application The SEEV model can provide insights into expected and unexpected effects of cognitive aids on visual attention distribution and may help to design better artifacts.
Patient exposure dose in interventional cardiology per clinical and technical complexity levels. Part 1: results of the VERIDIC project
Authors: Feghali Joelle Ann , Delépierre Julie , Belac Olivera Ciraj , Dabin Jérémie , Deleu Marine , De Monte Francesca , Dobric Milan , Gallagher Aoife , Hadid-Beurrier Lama , Henry Patrick , Hršak Hrvoje , Kiernan Tom , Kumar Rajesh , Knežević Željka , Maccia Carlo , Majer Marija , Malchair Françoise , Noble Stéphane , Obrad Davor , Sans Merce Marta , Sideris Georgios , Simantirakis George , Spaulding Christian , Tarantini Giuseppe , Van Ngoc Ty Claire 
Published: December 2021

Background Patients can be exposed to high skin doses during complex interventional cardiology (IC) procedures. Purpose To identify which clinical and technical parameters affect patient exposure and peak skin dose (PSD) and to establish dose reference levels (DRL) per clinical complexity level in IC procedures. Material and Methods Validation and Estimation of Radiation skin Dose in Interventional Cardiology (VERIDIC) project analyzed prospectively collected patient data from eight European countries and 12 hospitals where percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), chronic total occlusion PCI (CTO), and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedures were performed. A total of 62 clinical complexity parameters and 31 technical parameters were collected, univariate regressions were performed to identify those parameters affecting patient exposure and define DRL accordingly. Results Patient exposure as well as clinical and technical parameters were collected for a total of 534 PCI, 219 CTO, and 209 TAVI. For PCI procedures, body mass index (BMI), number of stents ≥2, and total stent length >28 mm were the most prominent clinical parameters, which increased the PSD value. For CTO, these were total stent length >57 mm, BMI, and previous anterograde or retrograde technique that failed in the same session. For TAVI, these were male sex, BMI, and number of diseased vessels. DRL values for Kerma-area product ( PKA), air kerma at patient entrance reference point ( Ka,r), fluoroscopy time (FT), and PSD were stratified, respectively, for 14 clinical parameters in PCI, 10 in CTO, and four in TAVI. Conclusion Prior knowledge of the key factors influencing the PSD will help optimize patient radiation protection in IC.