bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of Piwi-interacting RNAs in human placentas of preeclampsia
Authors: He Jie , Chen Miaomiao , Xu Jiacheng , Fang Jie , Liu Zheng , Qi Hongbo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPreeclampsia is a common disease of pregnancy that poses a serious threat to the safety of pregnant women and the fetus; however, the etiology of preeclampsia is inconclusive. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are novel non-coding RNAs that are present at high levels in germ cells and are associated with spermatogenesis. Emerging evidence demonstrated that piRNA is expressed in a variety of human tissues and is closely associated with tumorigenesis. However, changes in the piRNA expression profile in the placenta have not been investigated. In this study, we used small RNA sequencing to evaluate the differences in piRNA expression profiles between preeclampsia and control patients and potential functions. Differential expression analysis found 41 up-regulated and 36 down-regulated piRNAs in preeclamptic samples. In addition, the functional enrichment analysis of piRNAs target genes indicated that they were related to the extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and tissue-specific. Finally, we examined the expression pattern of the PIWL family proteins in the placenta, and PIWL3 and PIWIL4 were the primary subtypes in the human placenta. In summary, this study first summarized the changes in the expression pattern of piRNA in preeclampsia and provided new clues for the regulatory role of piRNA in the human placenta.
Illumina iSeq 100 and MiSeq exhibit similar performance in freshwater fish environmental DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Nakao Ryohei , Inui Ryutei , Akamatsu Yoshihisa , Goto Masuji , Doi Hideyuki , Matsuoka Shunsuke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a method of detecting DNA from environmental samples and is used as a biomonitoring tool. In recent studies, Illumina MiSeq has been the most extensively used tool for eDNA metabarcoding. The Illumina iSeq 100 (hereafter, iSeq), one of the high-throughput sequencers (HTS), has a relatively simple workflow and is potentially more affordable than other HTS. However, its utility in eDNA metabarcoding has still not been investigated. In the present study, we applied fish eDNA metabarcoding to 40 water samples from river and lake ecosystems to assess the difference in species detectability and composition between iSeq and MiSeq. To check differences in sequence quality and errors, we also assessed differences in read changes between the two HTS. There were similar sequence qualities between iSeq and MiSeq. Significant difference was observed in the number of species between two HTS, but no difference was observed in species composition between the two HTS. Additionally, the species compositions in common with the conventional method were the same between the two HTS. According to the results, using the same amplicon library for sequencing, two HTS would exhibit a similar performance of fish species detection using eDNA metabarcoding.
Rupture of wet mantle wedge by self-promoting carbonation
Authors: Okamoto Atsushi , Oyanagi Ryosuke , Yoshida Kazuki , Uno Masaoki , Shimizu Hiroyuki , Satish-Kumar Madhusoodhan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMore than one teramole of carbon per year is subducted as carbonate or carbonaceous material. However, the influence of carbonation/decarbonation reactions on seismic activity within subduction zones is poorly understood. Here we present field and microstructural observations, including stable isotope analyses, of carbonate veins within the Higuchi serpentinite body, Japan. We find that the carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of carbonate veins indicate that carbonic fluids originated from organic materials in metasediments. Thermodynamic calculations reveal that carbonation of serpentinite was accompanied by a solid volume decrease, dehydration, and high magnesium mobility. We propose that carbonation of the mantle wedge occurs episodically in a self-promoting way and is controlled by a solid volume contraction and fluid overpressure. In our conceptual model, brittle fracturing and carbonate precipitation were followed by ductile flow of carbonates and hydrous minerals; this might explain the occurrence of episodic tremor and slip in the serpentinized mantle wedge.
3D printing technologies forin vitrovaccine testing platforms and vaccine delivery systems against infectious diseases
Authors: Choi Ji Young , Mahadik Bhushan , Fisher John P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent advances in 3D printing (3DP) and tissue engineering approaches enable the potential application of these technologies to vaccine research. Reconstituting the native tissue or cellular microenvironment will be vital for successful evaluation of pathogenicity of viral infection and screening of potential vaccines. Therefore, establishing a reliable in vitro model to study the vaccine efficiency or delivery of viral disease is important. Here, this review summarizes two major ways that tissue engineering and 3DP strategies could contribute to vaccine research: (1) 3D human tissue models to study the response to virus can be served as a testbed for new potential therapeutics. Using 3D tissue platform attempts to explore alternative options to pre-clinical animal research for evaluating vaccine candidates. (2) 3DP technologies can be applied to improve the vaccination strategies which could replace existing vaccine delivery. Controlled antigen release using carriers that are generated with biodegradable biomaterials can further enhance the efficient development of immunity as well as combination of multiple-dose vaccines into a single injection. This mini review discusses the up-to-date report of current 3D tissue/organ models for potential vaccine potency and known bioengineered vaccine delivery systems.
Towards bioengineered skeletal muscle: recent developmentsin vitroandin vivo
Authors: Quigley Anita , Ngan Catherine , Firipis Kate , O’Connell Cathal D. , Pirogova Elena , Moulton Simon E. , Williams Richard J. , Kapsa Robert M.I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSkeletal muscle is a functional tissue that accounts for approximately 40% of the human body mass. It has remarkable regenerative potential, however, trauma and volumetric muscle loss, progressive disease and aging can lead to significant muscle loss that the body cannot recover from. Clinical approaches to address this range from free-flap transfer for traumatic events involving volumetric muscle loss, to myoblast transplantation and gene therapy to replace muscle loss due to sarcopenia and hereditary neuromuscular disorders, however, these interventions are often inadequate. The adoption of engineering paradigms, in particular materials engineering and materials/tissue interfacing in biology and medicine, has given rise to the rapidly growing, multidisciplinary field of bioengineering. These methods have facilitated the development of new biomaterials that sustain cell growth and differentiation based on bionic biomimicry in naturally occurring and synthetic hydrogels and polymers, as well as additive fabrication methods to generate scaffolds that go some way to replicate the structural features of skeletal muscle. Recent advances in biofabrication techniques have resulted in significant improvements to some of these techniques and have also offered promising alternatives for the engineering of living muscle constructs ex vivo to address the loss of significant areas of muscle. This review highlights current research in this area and discusses the next steps required towards making muscle biofabrication a clinical reality.
Biodegradable polymer hydrogel‐based tissue adhesives: A review
Authors: Zhang Xin , Jiang Yanan , Han Lu , Lu Xiong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTissue‐adhesive materials are emerging biomaterials with potential applications in wound healing patches, tissue sealants, and haemostat materials. Tissue adhesives based on synthetic polymers generally have good adhesion but are not biodegradable. However, the long‐term presence of non‐biodegradable adhesives in the body can cause secondary harm to the patient. An ideal tissue adhesive should meet the following requirements: good adhesiveness, biodegradability, low cytotoxicity, and minimal inflammatory response. Natural polymers with inherent biodegradation and biocompatibility show great potentials in biomedical engineering, and the development of tissue adhesives based on natural polymers has become a hot topic in biomaterials science. This review systematically summarises the latest progresses in biodegradable tissue adhesives based on natural polymers, such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, gelatin, dextran, and cellulose. Methods for preparing natural polymer tissue adhesives are summarised and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, potential trends in the future direction of biodegradable tissue adhesives are discussed.
Ten future challenges for synthetic biology
Authors: Gallup Olivia , Ming Hia , Ellis Tom 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAfter 2 decades of growth and success, synthetic biology has now become a mature field that is driving significant innovation in the bioeconomy and pushing the boundaries of the biomedical sciences and biotechnology. So what comes next? In this article, 10 technological advances are discussed that are expected and hoped to come from the next generation of research and investment in synthetic biology; from ambitious projects to make synthetic life, cell simulators and custom genomes, through to new methods of engineering biology that use automation, deep learning and control of evolution. The non‐exhaustive list is meant to inspire those joining the field and looks forward to how synthetic biology may evolve over the coming decades.
Kontinenz und Mobilität – zwei Seiten einer Medaille?
Authors: Ege Sigrid 
Published: August 2021

Was ist neu?
Zusammenhang von Harninkontinenz und Mobilitätsstörungen Harninkontinenz und eine Störung der Mobilität – 2 geriatrische Syndrome – haben eine hohe Korrelation und beeinflussen sich gegenseitig negativ. Das Neuauftreten einer Harninkontinenz sollte ein Alarmsignal sein, weil sich die Mobilitätsparameter korrelierend negativ entwickeln.
Erkennen der Assoziation von Harninkontinenz und Mobilitätsstörungen im klinischen Alltag Wo das eine Syndrom (Harninkontinenz oder Mobilitätsstörung) auftritt, sollte man das andere im Blick haben (Mobilitätsstörung oder Harninkontinenz). Dies gelingt mit einem Harninkontinenz-Assessment.
Korrelation der Harninkontinenz mit Stürzen und Frakturen Harninkontinenz führt zu gehäuften Stürzen, der Einfluss auf Verletzungen, insbesondere Frakturen, bleibt unklar.
Gegenseitiger Einfluss von körperlicher Fitness und Inkontinenz Kombinierte, die Inkontinenz und die körperliche Fitness beeinflussende Interventionen haben einen positiven Effekt auf beide geriatrische Syndrome. Studien weisen darauf hin, dass reines Kontinenzmanagement einen Einfluss z. B. auf Stürze hat, und umgekehrt eine körperliche Aktivierung sich positiv auf die Inkontinenz auswirkt.
Neue Entwicklungen und Perspektiven in der Akromegalie
Authors: Detomas Mario , Reuter Miriam , Deutschbein Timo 
Published: August 2021

Was ist neu?
Diagnostik Bei Verdacht auf eine Akromegalie wird zunächst das Hormon Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) als wesentlicher Mediator des Wachstumshormons (GH) bestimmt. Ist es erhöht, schließt sich eine Bestätigungsdiagnostik mittels GH-Suppressionstest an. Neue Arbeiten empfehlen für diesen Test niedrigere GH-Grenzwerte als früher, zudem sollen potenzielle Einflussgrößen (z. B. Body-Mass-Index) stärker berücksichtigt werden. Perspektivisch könnten Erkrankte mittels einer automatisierten Gesichtserkennung ggf. leichter identifiziert werden.
Komorbiditäten Bei einem unkontrollierten GH-Exzess sind Lebensqualität und -erwartung zum Teil erheblich reduziert. Eine Akromegalie sowie deren typische Folgeerkrankungen (z. B. Schlafapnoe, Kardiomyopathie, Arthropathie) müssen daher frühzeitig erkannt werden. Kürzlich wurden neue Empfehlungen für ein standardisiertes diagnostisches Vorgehen publiziert.
Therapie Die operative Adenomentfernung durch einen erfahrenen Hypophysenchirurgen ist Therapie der Wahl. Bei residueller Erkrankung kann perspektivisch eine Kombination aus volumetrischer Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) und 11C-Methionin-Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (PET) eine Folgeoperation erleichtern. Für die typische Zweitlinientherapie mit Somatostatin-Analoga (SSA) ist nun erstmals auch ein oral einzusetzendes Präparat verfügbar. Neue Daten belegen die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit einer Hypophysenbestrahlung.
Spezielle Patientenpopulationen Schwangere und ältere Patienten bedürfen besonderer Aufmerksamkeit. Gemäß aktueller Daten wirkt sich die COVID-Pandemie auch bei einer Akromegalie nachteilig auf Diagnostik und Therapie aus.
Langlebiges Souvenir aus Kamerun – persistierende, massive Hypereosinophilie bei amikrofilarämischer Infektion mit Loa loa
Authors: Meffert Lisa , Schmitz Friederike , Ziob Jana 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Diagnosestellung einer seltenen polysymptomatischen Parasitose erfordert eine Zusammenarbeit von Internisten, Tropenmedizinern, Parasitologen und Dermatologen.
Anamnese Es wird der Krankheitsverlauf einer 66-Jährigen mit regelmäßigen Aufenthalten in Kamerun aufgezeigt, die sich mit massiver Hypereosinophilie und Pruritus bei urtikariellen Schwellungen präsentierte.
Untersuchungen und Diagnose Mittels interdisziplinärer Diagnostik wurde anhand Reiseanamnese, klinischen Symptomen und Laborergebnissen die Arbeitsdiagnose einer okkulten, amikrofilarämischen Loa-loa-Infektion mit immunologischer Hyperreaktion gegen das Parasitenantigen, reaktiver Hypereosinophilie und hoher Anti-Filarien-Antikörperkonzentration gestellt.
Therapie und Verlauf Die anthelminthische Therapie erfolgte mit Ivermectin und Diethylcarbamazin. Unter Ivermectin kam es zur prompten Symptomregredienz und Abfall der Eosinophilen- und Antikörperwerte.
Folgerung Parasitosen wie die L.-loa-Infektion sind in Europa extrem selten, sollten jedoch bei entsprechender Reiseanamnese und klinischem Erscheinungsbild frühzeitig als Differenzialdiagnosen beachtet werden. Es mangelt an standardisierten Therapie- und Nachsorgeempfehlungen. Eine präzise Erfassung aller Neudiagnosen mit Therapieverlauf/-ansprechen in einem internationalen Register sollte etabliert werden.
Excimers in Multichromophoric Assemblies: Boon or
Bane?
Authors: Chaudhuri Debangshu 
Published: August 2021

Exciton dynamics in organic semiconductors is a subject of great significance
from the standpoint of light emission, as well as light harvesting. As
transient excited state species, excimers are expected to play a significant
role in the dynamics and the fate of the excited state. Till recently, the
discourse on excimers in organic systems revolved around their role in
aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching, or utilizing their
characteristic red-shifted emission to report local interactions. But in the
last decade, research in the area of organic multichromophoric systems has
brought the spotlight back on this fascinating species. This review focuses
on recent developments that highlight the importance of excimers in various
processes involving multichromophoric systems, such as circularly polarized
emission, exciton migration, and singlet fission. The review also attempts
to address the question of whether excimers are useful or detrimental to
various photophysical and photochemical processes of importance.Table of content:IntroductionExcimers in Multichromophoric AssembliesExcimer LuminescenceExcimers in Light HarvestingConclusions and Outlook
Anesthetic Management in an Infant with Dandy–Walker Syndrome Presenting with Acyanotic Heart Disease and Hydrocephalous Post-COVID-19 Recovery: A Rare Experience
Authors: Banerjee Shraya , Gupta Nidhi , Sarkar Deepa , Choudhury Kalyanpury J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe report a case of hydrocephalus with Dandy–Walker malformation in a 2-month-old girl child recently recovered from COVID-19. The child was detected to have acyanotic heart disease with left-to-right shunt and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension during the preoperative evaluation process for ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement. We share our experience of the perioperative management for pulmonary artery banding (PAB) and patent ductus arteriosus ligation as a part of staged cardiac corrective surgery, followed by VP shunt to relieve hydrocephalus in the single setting. Our management was focused on the preservation of the normal cerebral and cardiac physiology to prevent rise in intracranial pressure and pulmonary artery pressure. A multidisciplinary team, consisting of cardiac- and neuroanesthesiologists and cardiac and neurosurgeons, was involved in management of the case. Diligent maintenance of airway, stable hemodynamics, meticulous ventilation, along with postoperative ICU management helped in the successful outcome of this unique case.
QSIRS Can Improve Accuracy of QSOFA and SIRS in Prediction of Mortality in Surgical Emergencies
Authors: Ndong Abdourahmane , Diallo Adja Coumba , Tendeng Jacques Noel , Diallo Amadou Ibra , Diao Mohamed Lamine , Sagna Sylvain Assega , Diop Saer , Dia Diago Anta , Diouf Daouda , Racine Bayo Ismael , Nyemb Philippe Manyacka Ma , Konaté Ibrahima 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background The quick sequential organ failure assessment (QSOFA) score and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria were developed to predict the risk of sepsis and death in patients received in emergency. To improve sensitivity in predicting death, the association of the two scores was proposed under the term QSIRS (QSOFA + SIRS). Our aim was to determine the accuracy of QSOFA, SIRS, and QSIRS in prediction of mortality in surgical emergencies, and to compare these scores.
Patients and Methods This is a prospective study over a period of 1 year. Patients older than 15 years who presented a digestive surgical emergency (bowel obstruction, peritonitis, appendicitis, strangulated hernia) were included. For each score, the specificity, the sensitivity, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were compared.
Results One hundred and eighteen patients were included and 11 deaths were recorded (9.3%). There was a statistically significant relationship between each score and death (QSOFA p = 0.01, SIRS p = 0.003, and QSIRS p = 0.004). The realization of the ROC curve found a higher AUC for QSIRS (0.845 [0.767–0.905]) compared with QSOFA (0.783 [0.698–0.854]) and SIRS (0.737 [0.648–0.813]). QSIRS (90.9%) had a higher sensitivity compared with the two other scores alone (SIRS = 81.9% and QSOFA = 36.3%).
Conclusion Our study found that QSIRS improves the ability to predict death in digestive surgical emergencies.
Pituitary Apoplexy, Meningitis and Cerebral Infarction - A Perplexing Trifecta
Authors: Srivatsan Thirumalai V. , Pillay Haroon M. , Raheja Lakshay 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPituitary apoplexy (PA) is a clinical diagnosis comprising a sudden onset of headache, neurological deficits, endocrine disturbances, altered consciousness, visual loss, or ophthalmoplegia. However, clinically, the presentation of PA is extremely variable and occasionally fatal. While meningitis and cerebral infarcts are themselves serious diseases, they are rarely seen as manifestations of PA and are exceedingly rare when present together.We present the case of a 20-year-old male with a rapid progression of symptoms of meningitis, PA and stroke. The present article seeks to emphasize a rare manifestation of PA with an attempt to understand the intricacies of its evaluation and management.
Translating research for policy: the importance of equivalence, function, and loyalty
Authors: Connelly Steve , Vanderhoven Dave , Rutherfoord Robert , Richardson Liz , Matthews Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe question of how to make academic research more useful to government, and frustration over its lack of obvious use, have long been the subject of policy makers’ and scholars’ attention. These have driven the global development of institutionalised links between the two communities, while also leading to a broad consensus as to why the goal is often not realised. In order to better explain the barriers, this paper takes the concept of “translation” very literally, and proposes an innovative approach, which analyses academic and policy practices using ideas from the humanities-based discipline of Translation Studies. This enables an exploration of what constitutes good translation, and in particular of the tension between keeping faith with the original material and users’ understandable emphasis on functionality. The conclusion is that while some aspect of original research content must be maintained, what this is cannot be prescribed: the appropriate equivalence between original and translation is always context-dependent. This throws the emphasis on the relational aspects of translatorial action for promoting “good translation”. The argument follows Christiane Nord in seeing the core issue as the moral one of a translator’s loyalty to original author and user, and so also of mutual trust between academics and civil servants. This raises important questions about how such trust can be cultivated, and so finally leads to an emphasis on the importance of an endeavour shared by researchers and policy makers, which recognises and respects their different environments and the work involved in creating useful meaning from scholarly research.
Localized quenching sites in MAPbI3 investigated by fluorescence and photothermal microscopy
Authors: Yang Weiqing , Li Meilian , Xie Mingcai , Nie Yan , Du Anbang , Tian Yuxi 
Published: August 2021

In this work, we developed a fluorescence and photothermal microscope with extremely large scanning range and high spatial resolution. We demonstrated the capability of this instrument by simultaneously measuring the photoluminescence and photothermal signals of the CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) film. After scanning the MAPbI3 film on the scale of centimeters, we can obtain information of both emissive and nonemissive processes with a resolution of 200 nm at any location of the large area. We can clearly see the localized photothermal signal while the photoluminescence signal is uniform. These results directly prove that the emissive recombination happens all over the materials, but the nonemissive recombination happens only at certain localized quenching sites. The fluorescence and photothermal microscope with both large scanning range and high spatial resolution can provide information of all the relaxation channels of the excitons, showing potential applications for investigation of photophysical mechanisms in photoelectric materials.
An actively compensated 8 nT-level magnetic shielding system for 10-m atom interferometer
Authors: Ji Yu-Hang , Zhou Lin , Yan Si-Tong , He Chuan , Zhou Chao , Barthwal Sachin , Yang Feng , Duan Wei-Tao , Zhang Wen-Dong , Xu Run-Dong , Wang Qi , Li Dong-Xu , Gao Jia-Hong , Chen Xi , Wang Jin , Zhan Ming-Sheng 
Published: August 2021

We design and develop a high-performance magnetic shielding system for a long baseline fountain-type atom interferometer. The shielding system is achieved by a combination of passive shielding using permalloy and active compensation with coils. An 11.4 m-long three-layer cylindrical shield is completed by the process of welding, local annealing, and entire annealing. The active compensations compress the residual magnetic field to 8.0 nT max-to-min and the corresponding gradient below 30 nT/m over 10 m along the axial direction in which external compensation, internal compensation, and constant magnetic field (C-field) compensation reduce the inhomogeneities to 25.0, 12.6, and 1.7 nT (standard deviation) sequentially. We estimate that this system could reduce the systematic error of the quadratic Zeeman shift to the 10−13 level for the weak equivalence principle test with a simultaneous 85Rb–87Rb dual-species atom interferometer.