bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated chest tightness—A case of double‐chambered left ventricle in an adult
Authors: Zhuo Yu , Zhong Gang , Long Xiangdang , Ou Baiqing , Mao Zhiqun , Li Qiao Rong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDouble‐chambered left ventricle (DCLV) is a rare congenital heart disease. A hypertrophic muscle bundle in the left ventricle may cause varying degrees of obstruction in the middle of the left ventricle, resulting in different clinical symptoms. Here, we report a patient with a history of repeated chest tightness who was misdiagnosed with coronary heart disease and ventricular aneurysm. After repeated ultrasound examinations, the patient was eventually diagnosed with DCLV, which was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and coronary angiography. This case highlights the necessity to improve the accuracy of DCLV diagnosis via echocardiogram.
Developmental stages and growth of the proventriculus of post‐hatching Muscovy duck: Light and electron microscopic study
Authors: Madkour Fatma A. , Mohamed Salma A. , Abdalla Kamal E. H. , Ahmed Yasser A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study was implemented to provide comprehensive information on the developmental sequence of the proventriculus of Muscovy ducks by gross examination, macro‐micrometric analysis and by using light microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Samples from 55 healthy post‐hatching Muscovy ducks of both sexes ranging from 1 to 60 days old. The proventriculus began cranially opposite to the cranial end of the liver at 1–15 days old, but in front this level at 30 and 60 days old. Morphometrically, the length of the proventriculus was increased by about four folds while weight by 19 folds at 60 days old when compared with those at one day old. Scanning electron microscopy of the proventricular lumen at one day old exhibited numerous small mostly rounded irregularly distributed openings of the glands, but uniformly distributed and surrounded by closely packed concentrically arranged mucosal folds resembling a rosette shape at the older ages. Histologically, in all studied stages, rounded, elongated oval or polymorphic shaped lobules of the proventricular glands were occupied within the muscularis mucosa. The tubuloalveolar secretory units lined with secretory (oxyntico‐peptic) cells with variable shapes had secretory granules increased by the development. Numerous argyrophilic endocrine cells were demonstrated away from the glandular lumen at older ages. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cytoplasm of the secretory cells contained homogeneously electron‐dense granules at a young age, but two types of these granules could be recognized at 60 days old. In conclusion, this study provides a wide difference in the morphometric and the structure of the proventriculus from one day to 60 days old. This difference between the examined age‐stages may be related to the feeding strategy (behavior) and the functional adaptations from the young to the older ages.
Transversals of longest cycles in partial k‐trees and chordal graphs
Authors: Gutiérrez Juan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLet be the minimum cardinality of a set of vertices that intersects every longest cycle of a 2‐connected graph . We show that if is a partial ‐tree and that if is chordal, where is the cardinality of a maximum clique in . Those results imply that all longest cycles intersect in 2‐connected series‐parallel graphs and in 3‐trees.
Independent set and matching permutations
Authors: Ball Taylor , Galvin David , Hyry Catherine , Weingartner Kyle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLet be a graph whose largest independent set has size . A permutation of is an independent set permutation of if
where is the number of independent sets of size in . In 1987 Alavi, Malde, Schwenk, and Erdős proved that every permutation of is an independent set permutation of some graph with , that is, with the largest independent set having size . They raised the question of determining, for each , the smallest number such that every permutation of is an independent set permutation of some graph with and with at most vertices, and they gave an upper bound on of roughly . Here we settle the question, determining , and make progress on a related question, that of determining the smallest order such that every permutation of is the unique independent set permutation of some graph of at most that order. More generally we consider an extension of independent set permutations to weak orders, and extend Alavi et al.'s main result to show that every weak order on can be realized by the independent set sequence of some graph with and with at most vertices. Alavi et al. also considered matching permutations, defined analogously to independent set permutations. They observed that not every permutation of is a matching permutation of some graph with the largest matching having size , putting an upper bound of on the number of matching permutations of . Confirming their speculation that this upper bound is not tight, we improve it to .
Acute cerebellitis following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Moreno‐Escobar Maria Camila , Feizi Parissa , Podury Sanjiti , Tandon Medha , Munir Badria , Alvi Muhammad , Adcock Amelia , Sriwastava Shitiz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNovel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) first described in Wuhan, China in December 2019, has rapidly spread across the world and become a global public health emergency. Literature on the neurological manifestations of COVID‐19 is limited. We report a 24‐year‐old male, who presented with vertigo, dysarthria, and bradyphrenia 3 weeks after being diagnosed with COVID‐19 on nasopharyngeal reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The patient was diagnosed with acute cerebellitis based on magnetic resonance imaging features and showed improvement posttreatment with intravenous methylprednisone for 5 days. The scope of this article is to highlight the importance of early identification of neurological symptoms and timely management as the outcomes may be catastrophic.
Tobacco smoking and severity of COVID‐19: Experience from a hospital‐based prospective cohort study in Lyon, France
Authors: Saadatian‐Elahi Mitra , Amour Sélilah , Elias Christelle , Henaff Laetitia , Dananché Cédric , Vanhems Philippe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInformation gathered so far from published studies attest the existence of a complex relationship between tobacco smoking and the severity of COVID‐19. We investigated the association between smoking habits and the severity of COVID‐19 in patients hospitalized in university‐affiliated hospitals in Lyon, France. Baseline sociodemographic, clinical and biological characteristics of adult COVID‐19 hospitalized patients presenting from the community were prospectively collected and analyzed. Tobacco exposure was documented at admission. Characteristics of patients hospitalized in medical wards to those admitted or transferred to intensive care units (ICUs) were compared using Mann–Whitney and Χ2 or Fisher's exact test. A composite endpoint including admission or transfer to ICU or death was created as a proxy for severe outcome. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated to identify variables independently associated with a severe outcome. Of the 645 patients with documented information on smoking habits, 62.6% were never‐smokers, 32.1% ex‐smokers, and 5.3% active smokers. Past tobacco use was independently associated with an increased risk of severe outcome (aOR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.12–2.63), whereas a nonsignificant protective trend was found for active smoking. The results suggest that past smoking is associated with enhanced risk of progressing toward severe COVID‐19 disease in hospitalized patients.
Sequencing on an imported case in China of COVID‐19 Delta variant emerging from India in a cargo ship in Zhoushan, China
Authors: Wu Bing , Zhang Hui , Wang Yu‐chao , Tang An , Li Ke‐feng , Li Peng , Chen Jia‐bei , Wang Hong‐ling , Yan Jian‐bo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infections was found in a cargo ship under repair in Zhoushan, China. Twelve of 20 crew members were identified as SARS‐CoV‐2 positive. We analyzed four sequences and identified them all in the Delta branch emerging from India with 7–8 amino acid mutation sites in the spike protein.
Can we afford to ignore the biology of joint healing and graft incorporation after ACL reconstruction?
Authors: Chu Constance R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is successful at restoring stability to return ACL injured patients to high‐demand work, sports, and recreational activities. The development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA) in roughly half of patients just 10–15 years after ACLR highlight the need to improve clinical care pathways. Graft failure and reinjury rates, which further increase OA risk, also remain high for younger and more active patients. The biological components of joint recovery and graft incorporation, therefore, impact short‐ and long‐term clinical outcomes. Biochemical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data show substantial compromise of articular cartilage metabolism and matrix composition after ACL injury and reconstructive surgery suggesting a potential need for activity modulation in early recovery. Furthermore, joint recovery is variable with compositional MRI studies showing progressive cartilage degeneration 1 and 2 years after ACLR. Biopsy and MRI studies also show high variability in ACL graft characteristics within the 1st year after ACLR followed by continued graft maturation into the 2nd year and beyond. To improve the care of ACL injured patients, there is a critical need for clinical attention and scientific inquiry into timing the reintroduction of higher load activities in relationship to neuromuscular recovery, joint biology, and graft maturation. In addition to symptomatic and mechanical recovery, development and validation of biological markers for joint and cartilage homeostasis as well as ACL graft healing are needed for personalized decision making on rehabilitation needs, reduction of OA risk, and resumption of athletic, recreational, and vocational activities.
Biomechanical analysis of a centralization procedure for extruded lateral meniscus after meniscectomy in porcine knee joints
Authors: Kohno Yuji , Koga Hideyuki , Ozeki Nobutake , Matsuda Junpei , Mizuno Mitsuru , Katano Hisako , Sekiya Ichiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe recently developed arthroscopic centralization for lateral meniscal extrusion has obtained satisfactory short‐term clinical and radiological results and improves the meniscus biomechanical properties. However, the effectiveness of treatment for meniscus extrusion after partial meniscectomy still requires elucidation. This study investigated the effect of centralization with modifications from a mechanical viewpoint. Porcine knee joints (N = 6) were set in a universal tester under the following conditions: (1) Intact; (2) Meniscectomy: Inner half of the posterior half meniscus was removed; (3) Extrusion: Posterior meniscus was dislocated laterally by transecting the posterior root and the meniscotibial ligament; (4) Centralization‐1: Centralization procedure using one anchor; (5) Centralization‐2: Centralization procedure using two anchors; and (6) Centralization‐ad: Centralization with capsular advancement using two anchors. Load distributions and contact pressure in the meniscus and tibial cartilage were evaluated with an axial compressive force of 200 N. After meniscectomy, the tibial cartilage load increased and that of the medial margin of the posterior part of the meniscus decreased. When the meniscus was extruded, the load was concentrated only on the tibial cartilage. Centralization‐1 increased the load on the meniscus, while Centralization‐2 further increased the meniscus load but decreased the tibial cartilage load. Centralization‐ad further decreased the load on the tibial plateau. The average contact pressure of the tibial cartilage was significantly higher in the Extrusion group than in the Intact group or the Centralization‐ad group. From a biomechanical viewpoint, centralization with capsular advancement was the most effective of the tested procedures for treatment for an extruded meniscus after partial meniscectomy.
Probing the role of methyl methacrylate release from spacer materials in induced membrane bone healing
Authors: Stahl Alexander , Park Young Bum , Park Sang‐Hyun , Lin Sien , Pan Chi‐Chun , Kim Sungwoo , Yang Yunzhi P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the induced membrane (IM) technique for bone reconstruction, a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spacer is implanted to induce formation of a foreign body membrane around the defect site. Membrane development is essential for later bone grafting success, yet the mechanism by which the IM promotes bone regeneration remains unknown, as are the ways that spacer composition plays a role in the membrane's healing potential. This study investigated the impact of leached methyl methacrylate (MMA)—the major monomeric component of PMMA—on IM development. In vitro cell culture found that MMA elution did not impact endothelial cell or mesenchymal stem cell proliferation. For in vivo analysis, we advanced a streamlined rat femoral model to efficiently study the influence of spacer properties on IM characteristics. Comparison of membrane formation around polycaprolactone (PCL), MMA‐eluting PCL (high‐dose PCL‐MMA and low‐dose PCL‐MMA), and surgical PMMA revealed robust membranes enveloped all groups after 4 weeks in vivo, with elevated expression of osteogenic bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor compared with the surrounding muscle and bone tissues. Growth factor quantitation in IM tissue found no statistically significant difference between groups. New bone growth, vascularization, and CD163+ macrophage populations surrounding the polymer implants were also quantified; and blood vessel formation around high‐dose PCL‐MMA was found to be significantly decreased compared with PCL alone. To the best of our knowledge, these findings represent the first time that results have been obtained about the characteristics of membranes formed around PCL in the IM setting.
Wheat grain phenolics: a review on composition, bioactivity, and influencing factors
Authors: Ma Dongyun , Wang Chenyang , Feng Jianchao , Xu Beiming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a widely cultivated crop and one of the most commonly consumed food grains in the world. It possesses several nutritional elements. Increasing attention to wheat grain phenolics bioactivity is due to the increasing demand for foods with natural antioxidants. To provide a comprehensive understanding of phenolics in wheat grain, this review first summarizes the phenolics’ form and distribution and the phenolic components identified in wheat grain. In particular, the biosynthesis path for phenolics is discussed, identifying some candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic acids and flavonoids. After discussing the methods for determining antioxidant activity, the effect of genotypes, environmental conditions, and cultivation systems on grain phenolic component content are explored. Finally, the bioavailability of phenolics under different food processing method are reported and discussed. Future research is recommended to increase wheat grain phenolic content by genetic engineering, and to improve its bioavailability through proper food processing. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fertilization time of slow‐release fertilizer affects the physicochemical properties of starch from spring‐sown waxy maize
Authors: Yuan Chao , Wang Siyang , Lu Dalei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSlow‐release fertilizer is widely used in cereal crop production because it is ecofriendly and laborsaving. Effects of different application stages (zero‐, three‐, and six‐leaf stages, denoted as SN0, SN3, and SN6, respectively) of slow‐release (N/P2O5/K2O = 225/75/75 kg ha−1) fertilizer on physicochemical properties of starch from spring‐sown waxy maize were investigated in 2018 and 2019. Application of traditional fertilizer (NCK, compound fertilizer; N/P2O5/K2O = 75/75/75 kg ha−1) at sowing time and urea (N = 150 kg ha−1) at six‐leaf stage was designated as the control.RESULTSIn comparison to the NCK, SN0 reduced grain starch content by 4.9%. Meanwhile, SN3 and SN6 did not affect this parameter. Nevertheless, all treatments, particularly SN6, increased average starch granule size. The slow‐release fertilizer reduced proportion of chains with degree of polymerization (DP) > 24. Relative to NCK, SN6 increased starch crystallinity in both years, whereas SN0 and SN3 increased it in 2018 but reduced it in 2019. SN0 reduced peak, trough, and final viscosities, whereas SN3 and SN6 produced similar starch viscosities to those produced by NCK. No fertilizer mode affected gelatinization parameters, but SN6 produced a low retrogradation percentage. In comparison to data for 2018, starch produced in 2019 showed a small granule size, and a high proportion of short amylopectin chains. These properties endowed starch with high viscosity and low retrogradation percentage.CONCLUSIONIn spring‐sown waxy maize production, applying slow‐release fertilizer at the six‐leaf stage produced starch with high viscosity and low retrogradation tendency by enlarging granule size, increasing crystallinity, and reducing the proportion of long chains. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Green alternative methods for pretreatment of whole jujube before the drying process
Authors: Bao Tao , Hao Xin , Shishir Mohammad Rezaul Islam , Karim Naymul , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDJujube contains a waxy cuticle that acts as a barrier against fungal pathogens, prevents nutrition damage and leakage due to mechanical damage, and maintains water content. Chemical treatment before drying is the most commonly used method for whole jujube. Although chemical pretreatment can effectively enhance drying kinetics, it can lead to the loss of soluble nutrients and cause food safety issues due to chemical residues. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of various pretreatments (cold plasma, cold plasma activated water, ultrasonics, thermosonication, and blanching) on the drying process and quality properties of whole jujube so as to find effective green alternatives to chemical pretreatment.RESULTSThe application of chemical, cold plasma, and thermosonication significantly altered the surface morphology of jujube by etching larger cracks and holes, which can facilitate the transfer of moisture, thereby improving the drying rate and the effective diffusivity. Chemical, cold plasma, and thermosonication pretreatment reduced drying time by 18%, 12%, and 7% respectively, thereby increasing the content of total phenolics by 13%, 12%, and 6% respectively, and enhancing antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) by 13%, 11%, and 3% respectively. In addition, chemical and cold plasma pretreatment reduced the generation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural by 25% and 15% respectively.CONCLUSIONCold plasma is a promising green alternative method to chemical pretreatment for drying processes of whole jujube. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tailored nanodisc immobilization for one‐step purification and reconstitution of cytochrome P450: A tool for membrane proteins’ hard cases
Authors: Zhao Lan , Tao Jiaoli , Huang Yongdong , Zhu Kai , Du Yuxiang , Hao Dongxia , Liu Hongying , Zhang Rongyue , Ma Guanghui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA novel nanodisc‐based immobilization method was developed for high‐efficient purification and reconstitution of cytochrome P450 in one step. Using membrane scaffold protein containing a histidine tag, charged‐nanodiscs were prepared in the form of self‐assembly of lipid‐protein nanoparticles. Their properties including the particle diameter and its distribution and Zeta potential were controlled well by adjusting molar ratios of phospholipids to membrane scaffold protein. At an optimum lipid‐to‐membrane scaffold protein molar ratio of 60:1, uniformly regular‐shaped and discoidal nanodiscs with an average particle diameter of 10 nm and Zeta potential of –19 mV were obtained. They can be well fractionated by size exclusion chromatography. Charged‐nanodiscs were successfully immobilized onto Ni‐chelating microspheres via histidine tags with a density of 6.6 mg membrane scaffold protein/mL gel. After being packed in a column, chromatography studies demonstrated that this nanodisc‐immobilized chromatographic medium had a specific binding to cytochrome P450 in rat liver microsome. Nanodiscs containing cytochrome P450 can be furthermore eluted from the column with a diameter of about 87.0 nm and height of about 8.0 nm, respectively. The purity of cytochrome P450 after purification increased 25 folds strikingly. This nanodisc‐immobilized chromatography method is promising for the one‐step purification and reconstitution of membrane protein.
Restoration of damaged ecosystems in desert steppe open‐pit coal mines: Effects on soil nematode communities and functions
Authors: Han Chaowei , Gao Zhiwei , Wu Zhaohui , Huang Jing , Liu Ziying , Zhang Li , Zhang Guogang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRepair of damaged areas in open‐pit (opencast) coal mines has emerged as an important environmental concern. Our research investigated the mechanism by which different ecological restoration methods affected soil nematode communities in damaged areas of desert steppe coal mines. Using high‐throughput sequencing technology, nematode community composition, diversity, and function were analyzed to determine the response of nematodes to different ecological restoration methods in damaged areas of coal mines. For slope rehabilitation, vegetation blanket restoration exhibited more favorable effects than those exhibited by vegetation bag restoration and natural restoration. For rehabilitation of the platform area under the slope, the diversity of soil nematodes and the soil fauna analysis under alien soil restoration conditions were performed and exhibited similar characteristics to those of the native vegetation. Findings based on Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) multi‐level discriminant analysis and determination of shared genera suggest thatParaphelenchus,Cervidellus,Panagrolaimus,Microdorylaimus,Cephalobus, andEcumenicusmay be the key genera of soil nematodes in the damaged ecosystem of open‐pit coal mines in the desert steppe. We found that reasonable water and fertilizer management in slope restoration and under‐slope platform area restoration may play a key role in the restoration of damaged ecosystems in open‐pit coal mines. We comprehensively analyzed the response of soil nematode communities and their functions to different ecological restoration methods, and provided a reference for evaluating the quality of underground ecosystem restoration of damaged areas in abandoned desert steppe open‐pit coal mines.