bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assisted Spatial Sit-to-Stand Prediction—Part 2: Virtual Injured Elderly Individuals
Authors: Ozsoy Burak , Yang James 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sit-to-stand (STS) is a challenging task, especially for injured elderly in their daily life. This paper presents Part 2 of the assisted spatial STS computational motion prediction to investigate the effect of a unilateral grab-rail bar placed on the right-hand side on STS motion performance for injured virtual individuals (computational digital human model-DHM) with either right or left knee injury. The motion prediction formulation was constructed as a nonlinear optimization and validated in Part 1 of the assisted spatial STS motion prediction (Yang, J., and Ozsoy, B., 2021, “Assisted Spatial Sit-to-Stand Prediction—Part 1: VirtualHealthy Elderly Individuals,” ASME J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng., 21(4), p. 041002). Injuries are implemented into the formulation with reduction rates of 75% in a single knee‘s extension torque limits. Two different objective functions are tested: The first one is just minimizing the dynamic effort where the second one is minimizing the difference between right and left side support reaction forces in addition to the dynamic effort. Computational simulations resulted in that systematic changes are seen in the joint coordination better with the first objective function for the elderly group with either right or left knee injury. Since only one of the knees is modeled to experience a strength loss, virtual-individuals tend to flex their trunk to the intact side whilst rotating the upper-body to the right side with both objective functions due to holding the grab-rail bar, which was placed to the right side of the biomechanical model. Based on the peak values of the center of mass velocity and displacement profiles in both the medial-lateral axis, virtual-individuals prefer to use lateral plane motions less and transverse plane motions more to minimize the difference between right and left side-vertical support reaction forces with the second objective function.
Thermoeconomic Analysis of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System With Dedicated Subcooler for High-Temperature Lift Applications
Authors: Roy Ranendra , Bhowal Arup Jyoti , Mandal Bijan Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system becomes inefficient and impractical when the temperature lift between the evaporator and the condenser becomes large. Under the high-temperature lift, different losses in the system increase, and more refrigerant vapor is formed at the end of the throttling process. The authors have attempted to analyze a vapor compression refrigeration system with a dedicated subcooler for high-temperature lift applications using R134a in the main cycle and four low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants in the subcooler cycle. The modeling of the proposed system has been carried out in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) considering the energy, exergy, and economic aspects for the simulation of the system. The predicted results show that the use of the proposed system is more beneficial from both performance and economic point of view for high-temperature lift. Nearly 27% improvement in both energetic and exergetic performances are noted whereas cost is reduced by 2% when the proposed system is used instead of a typical refrigeration system. Finally, the present investigation concludes that the use of refrigerant R1234ze is much efficient than the other investigated refrigerants due to its low GWP and compressor discharge temperature, in spite of achieving better thermo-economic performances using R152a as subcooler refrigerant.
Longitudinal Relationships Between Maturation, Technical Efficiency, and Performance in Age-Group Swimmers: Improving Swimmer Evaluation
Authors: Abbott Shaun , Yamauchi Goshi , Halaki Mark , Castiglioni Marcela Torres , Salter James , Cobley Stephen 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The study aimed to (1) accurately examine longitudinal relationships between maturity status and both technical skill indices and performance in Australian male (N = 64) age-group Front-crawl swimmers (10–15 y) and (2) determine whether individual differences in maturation influenced relationships between technical skill level and swimming performance. Methods: A repeated-measures design was used to assess maturity status and performance on 200-m Front-crawl trial across 2 competition seasons (2018–2020). Assessments were made on 3 to 5 occasions (median = 3) separated by approximately 4 months. Average horizontal velocity and stroke frequency were used to calculate technical skill indices, specifically stroke index, and arm propelling efficiency. Relationships between variables were assessed using linear mixed models, identifying fixed, and random effect estimates. Results: Curvilinear trends best described significant longitudinal relationships between maturity status with horizontal velocity (F = 10.33 [1, 233.77]; P = .002) and stroke index (F = 5.55 [1, 217.9]; P = .02) during 200-m Front-crawl trials. Maturity status was not significantly related to arm propelling efficiency (P = .08). However, arm propelling efficiency was an independent predictor of Front-crawl velocity (F = 55.89 [1, 210.45]; P < .001). Conclusions: Maturity status predicted assessment of swimmer technical skill (stroke index) and swimming performance. However, technical skill accessed via arm propelling efficiency was independent of maturation and was predictive of performance. Maturity status influences performance evaluation based on technical skill and velocity. Findings highlight the need to account for maturation and technical skill in age-group swimmers to better inform swimmer evaluation.
Measuring safety in older adult care homes: a scoping review of the international literature
Authors: Rand Stacey , Smith Nick , Jones Karen , Dargan Alan , Hogan Helen 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundSafety is a key concern in older adult care homes. However, it is a less developed concept in older adult care homes than in healthcare settings. As part of study of the collection and application of safety data in the care home sector in England, a scoping review of the international literature was conducted.ObjectivesThe aim of the review was to identify measures that could be used as indicators of safety for quality monitoring and improvement in older adult residential or nursing care homes.Sources of evidenceSystematic searches for journal articles published in English language from 1 January 1970, without restriction to the study location or country, were conducted in Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed on 28 July 2019.Eligibility criteriaInclusion criteria were: peer-reviewed journal articles; qualitative or quantitative studies of older adult nursing and/or residential care homes; and related to any aspect of safety in care homes, including the safety of healthcare provision in the care home. A total of 45 articles were included after review of the title/abstract or full text against the inclusion criteria.Charting methodsKey information was extracted and charted. These findings were then mapped to the Safety Measurement and Monitoring Framework in healthcare (SMMF), adapted by the research team to reflect the care home context, to determine the coverage of different aspects of safety, as well as potential gaps.Results and conclusionsSystematic searches for journal articles published in English language from 1 January 1970, without restriction to the study location or country, were conducted in Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed on 28 July 2019. Inclusion criteria were: peer-reviewed journal articles; qualitative or quantitative studies of older adult nursing and/or residential care homes; and related to any aspect of safety in care homes, including the safety of healthcare provision in the care home.A total of 45 articles were included after review of the title/abstract or full text against the inclusion criteria. Key information was extracted and charted. These findings were then mapped to the Safety Measurement and Monitoring Framework in healthcare (SMMF), adapted by the research team to reflect the care home context, to determine the coverage of different aspects of safety, as well as potential gaps.The findings indicate that there are a range of available safety measures used for quality monitoring and improvement in older adult care homes. These cover all five domains of safety in the SMMF. However, there are potential gaps. These include user experience, psychological harm related to the care home environment, abusive or neglectful care practice and the processes for integrated learning. Some of these gaps may relate to challenges and feasibility of measurement in the care home context.
Link between COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality in continental France administrative areas and weather: an ecological study
Authors: Mejdoubi Mehdi , Djennaoui Mehdi , Kyndt Xavier 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of a weather index on in-hospital COVID-19-linked deaths.DesignEcological study.SettingContinental France administrative areas (départements; henceforth counties). The study period, from 18 March to 30 May 2020, corresponds to the main first outbreak period in France.PopulationCOVID-19-linked in-hospital deaths.Main outcome measuresIn-hospital deaths and demographics (population, human density, male sex and population percentage >59 years old) were obtained from national and centralised public databases. County weather indexes were calculated by the French National Meteorological Agency.MethodsIn this observational ecological study, the relationship between in-hospital COVID-19-related mortality and climate zones in continental French counties were analysed, by comparing the cumulative in-hospital death tolls in France by county to other factors (population density, climate, age and sex). The study period lasted from 18 March to 30 May 2020. A multivariate linear-regression analysis of in-hospital mortality included climate zones, population density, population >59 years old and percentages of males as potential predictors. The significance level was set at 5%.ResultsWeather indicators and population density were factors independently associated with the COVID-19 death toll. Colder counties had significantly higher mortality rates (p<0.00001). Percentages of males and population >59 years old in counties did not affect COVID-19 in-hospital mortality.ConclusionsMany parameters influence COVID-19 outbreak-severity indicators. Population density is a strong factor but its exact importance is difficult to discern. Weather (mainly cold winter temperatures) was independently associated with mortality and could help explain outbreak dynamics, which began and were initially more severe in the coldest counties of continental France. Weather partly explains fatality-rate discrepancies observed worldwide.
A qualitative exploration of patients’ experiences, needs and expectations regarding online access to their primary care record
Authors: McMillan Brian , Davidge Gail , Brown Lindsey , Lyons Moira , Atherton Helen , Goulding Rebecca , Mold Freda , Morris Rebecca L , Sanders Caroline 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesPrimary care records have traditionally served the needs and demands of clinicians rather than those of the patient. In England, general practices must promote and offer registered patients online access to their primary care record, and research has shown benefits to both patients and clinicians of doing so. Despite this, we know little about patients’ needs and expectations regarding online access to their record. This study explored what patients and carers want from online access to their electronic primary care health record, their experiences of using it, how they would like to interact with their record and what support they may need.DesignFocus groups and semistructured interviews using purposive sampling to achieve a good sociodemographic spread. Interviews were digitally audiorecorded, transcribed and coded using an established thematic approach.SettingFocus groups and interviews were conducted in community settings in the UK.ParticipantsFifty-four individuals who were either eligible for the National Health Service Health Check, living with more than one long-term condition or caring for someone else.ResultsParticipants views regarding online access were categorised into four main themes: awareness, capabilities, consequences and inevitability. Participants felt online access should be better promoted, and suggested a number of additional functions, such as better integration with other parts of the healthcare system. It was felt that online access could improve quality of care (eg, through increased transparency) but also have potential negative consequences (eg, by replacing face to face contact). A move towards more online records access was considered inevitable, but participants noted a need for additional support and training in using the online record, especially to ensure that health inequalities are not exacerbated.ConclusionsDiscussions with patients and carers about their views of accessing online records have provided useful insights into future directions and potential improvements for this service.
International assessment of the link between COVID-19 related attitudes, concerns and behaviours in relation to public health policies: optimising policy strategies to improve health, economic and quality of life outcomes (the iCARE Study)
Authors: Bacon Simon L , Lavoie Kim L , Boyle Jacqueline , Stojanovic Jovana , Joyal-Desmarais Keven 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionIn the context of a highly contagious virus with only recently approved vaccines and no cure, the key to slowing the spread of the COVID-19 disease and successfully transitioning through the phases of the pandemic, including vaccine uptake, is public adherence to rapidly evolving behaviour-based public health policies. The overall objective of the iCARE Study is to assess public awareness, attitudes, concerns and behavioural responses to COVID-19 public health policies, and their impacts, on people around the world and to link behavioural survey data with policy, mobility and case data to provide behavioural science, data-driven recommendations to governments on how to optimise current policy strategies to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and analysesThe iCARE study (www.icarestudy.com) uses a multiple cross-sectional survey design to capture self-reported information on a variety of COVID-19 related variables from individuals around the globe. Survey data are captured using two data capture methods: convenience and representative sampling. These data are then linked to open access data for policies, cases and population movement.Ethics and disseminationThe primary ethical approval was obtained from the coordinating site, the Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal (REB#: 2020–2099/03–25–2020). This study will provide high-quality, accelerated and real-time evidence to help us understand the effectiveness of evolving country-level policies and communication strategies to reduce the spread of the COVID-19. Due to the urgency of the pandemic, results will be disseminated in a variety of ways, including policy briefs, social media posts, press releases and through regular scientific methods.
Prolonged grief disorder prevalence in adults 65 years and over: a systematic review
Authors: Thiemann Pia , Street Anna Naomi , Heath Sarah Eleanor , Quince Thelma , Kuhn Isla , Barclay Stephen 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundProlonged grief disorder (PGD) is a recently recognised mental health disorder with an estimated prevalence of 10% in the bereaved adult population. This review aims to appraise and summarise evidence relating to PGD in older adults (≥65 years), a growing population group, most likely to experience bereavement and often assumed to cope well.MethodLiterature from Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Web of Science was searched. Epidemiological and non-epidemiological studies including data on frequency of PGD in older adults bereaved by mainly natural causes were included and a descriptive analysis undertaken.ResultsFrom 2059 records, three epidemiological and six non-epidemiological studies were included. Most studies had good internal but not external validity. Conditional prevalence for PGD ranged between 3.2% and 48.8%. Heterogeneity in sample characteristics and study methodology contributed to this variability resulting in a descriptive analysis. The prevalence rate of 9.1% by Kerstinget alwas the best available estimate for PGD in older adults for western countries. The small number of epidemiological studies and the use of varying PGD-constructs which did not match International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria were the main limiting factors.ConclusionThis first review on PGD prevalence in older adults suggests that, despite studies’ methodological short comings, a similar proportion of older adults experience PGD as the general bereaved adult population (1:10). With older adults forming the largest subgroup among the bereaved, health and social care systems need to adapt their provision of care to address the specific needs of older adults.
Novel pathomechanism for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: disruption of cell junctions by cellular and bacterial proteases
Authors: Haderer Marika , Neubert Philip , Rinner Eva , Scholtis Annika , Broncy Lucile , Gschwendtner Heidi , Kandulski Arne , Pavel Vlad , Mehrl Alexander , Brochhausen Christoph , Schlosser Sophie , Gülow Karsten , Kunst Claudia , Müller Martina 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a life-threatening complication of liver cirrhosis with a 1-year mortality of 66%. Bacterial translocation (BT) from the intestine to the mesenteric lymph nodes is crucial for the pathogenesis of SBP.DesignSince BT presupposes a leaky intestinal epithelium, the integrity of mucus and epithelial cell junctions (E-cadherin and occludin) was examined in colonic biopsies from patients with liver cirrhosis and controls. SBP-inducing Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) were isolated from ascites of patients with liver cirrhosis and co-cultured with Caco-2 cells to characterise bacteria-to-cell effects.ResultsSBP-derived E. coli and P. mirabilis led to a marked reduction of cell-to-cell junctions in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. This effect was enhanced by a direct interaction of live bacteria with epithelial cells. Degradation of occludin is mediated via increased ubiquitination by the proteasome. Remarkably, a novel bacterial protease activity is of pivotal importance for the cleavage of E-cadherin.ConclusionPatients with liver cirrhosis show a reduced thickness of colonic mucus, which allows bacteria-to-epithelial cell contact. Intestinal bacteria induce degradation of occludin by exploiting the proteasome of epithelial cells. We identified a novel bacterial protease activity of patient-derived SBP-inducing bacteria, which is responsible for the cleavage of E-cadherin structures. Inhibition of this protease activity leads to stabilisation of cell junctions. Thus, targeting these mechanisms by blocking the ubiquitin-proteasome system and/or the bacterial protease activity might interfere with BT and constitute a novel innovative therapeutic strategy to prevent SBP in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Residency match interview scheduling: quantifying the applicant experience
Authors: Mullen Mark , Barnard Amanda , Gavard Jeffrey A , Miller Chad , Thomure Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe process of offering and scheduling residency interviews varies widely among programmes. Applicants report distress and have advocated for reform. However, there is a paucity of quantitative data to characterise applicant concerns.ObjectiveWe quantified the interview scheduling experience for US allopathic medical students in the 2020 main residency match.MethodsAn anonymous, 13 question survey was sent to student representatives from each Association of American Medical Colleges member institution. Recipients were asked to forward the survey to their entire fourth-year class.ResultsOf 4314 applicants to whom the survey was sent, 786 (18.2%) responded. Overall, 20.4% reported missing the opportunity to interview at a programme because they did not have adequate time to respond to an invitation; applicants into surgical specialties were significantly more likely than their non-surgical peers to report this experience (26.4% vs 18.4%, p&lt;0.05). Most (57.4%) respondents scheduled an interview knowing they would likely cancel it in the future. The most commonly cited reason for this behaviour was concern that applicants would not receive invitations from other programmes (85.6%). A majority (56.4%) of respondents did not believe the match interview process functions based on equity and merit.ConclusionsAbout one in five respondents missed the opportunity to interview at a programme because they did not respond to an invitation in time. Most respondents scheduled interviews knowing that they were likely to cancel them in the future. Standardisation of the interview invitation timeline would address these concerns.
Transport coefficients in dense active Brownian particle systems: mode-coupling theory and simulation results
Authors: Reichert Julian , Granz Leon F. , Voigtmann Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We discuss recent advances in developing a mode-coupling theory of the glass transition (MCT) of two-dimensional systems of active Brownian particles (ABPs). The theory describes the structural relaxation close to the active glass in terms of transient dynamical density correlation functions. We summarize the equations of motion that have been derived for the collective density-fluctuation dynamics and those for the tagged-particle motion. The latter allow to study the dynamics of both passive and active tracers in both passive and active host systems. In the limit of small wave numbers, they give rise to equations of motion describing the mean-squared displacements (MSDs) of these tracers and hence the long-time diffusion coefficients as a transport coefficient quantifying long-range tracer motion. We specifically discuss the case of a single ABP tracer in a glass-forming passive host suspension, a case that has recently been studied in experiments on colloidal Janus particles. We employ event-driven Brownian dynamics (ED-BD) computer simulations to test the ABP-MCT and find good agreement between the two for the MSD, provided that known errors in MCT already for the passive system (i.e., an overestimation of the glassiness of the system) are accounted for by an empirical mapping of packing fractions and host-system self-propulsion forces. The ED-BD simulation results also compare well to experimental data, although a peculiar non-monotonic mapping of self-propulsion velocities is required. The ABP-MCT predicts a specific self-propulsion dependence of the Stokes–Einstein relation between the long-time diffusion coefficient and the host-system viscosity that matches well the results from simulation. An application of ABP-MCT within the integration-through transients framework to calculate the density-renormalized effective swim velocity of the interacting ABP agrees qualitatively with the ED-BD simulation data at densities close to the glass transition and quantitatively for the full density range only after the mapping of packing fractions employed for the passive system.

Graphic abstract