bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of maternal report of nutrition‐related interventions and counselling during antenatal care in southern Nepal
Authors: Bryce Emily , Katz Joanne , Heidkamp Rebecca , Lama Tsering Pema , Khatry Subarna K. , LeClerq Steve , Munos Melinda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe delivery of nutrition‐related interventions and counselling during antenatal care is critical for a healthy pregnancy for both mother and child. However, the accuracy of maternal reports of many of these services during household surveys has not yet been examined. Our objectives were to assess the validity of the maternal reports of 10 antenatal nutrition interventions, including counselling, and examine associates between maternal characteristics and accuracy. Maternal report of services received collected during a post‐partum survey was compared to the gold standard, the direct observation of all women's antenatal care visits. Individual‐level validity was assessed by calculating indicator sensitivity, specificity and area under the operating curve (AUC). The inflation factor (IF) measured population‐level bias. For five indicators, the high true coverage limited our ability to assess the validity of the maternal reports. There were no indicators that had both high individual‐level validity (AUC > 0.70) and low population bias (0.75 < IF < 1.25). Indicators with greater true coverage estimates had higher sensitivity and lower specificity estimates compared to those indicators with lower true coverage. There were no maternal characteristics associated with the accuracy of the report. Maternal report of antenatal nutrition‐related interventions and counselling during household surveys was found to have variable validity across indicators. Additional research in settings with varying coverage levels should be considered to best inform antenatal care coverage measurement in household surveys.
Associations of sagittal malocclusions with dental arch characteristics and crowding in Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
Authors: Tervahauta Elisa , Nokela Jonna , Vuollo Ville , Pirttiniemi Pertti , Silvola Anna‐Sofia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the associations between the widths and forms of dental arches, malocclusions and crowding in middle‐aged adult population.Materials and MethodsThe study material is part of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966); the subjects were examined at the age of 46 years. A total of 781 adults with full dentition and no orthodontic treatment history were included. Overjet, overbite, cross‐bite and scissor bite were examined during clinical examination. The widths and forms of dental arches, molar relationships and crowding were measured using three‐dimensional (3D) dental models.ResultsDental arches were significantly larger in males than in females. Class II (CII) occlusion and increased overjet (≥6 mm) were associated with narrow maxilla (P < .001, P < .05 respectively). Subjects with lateral cross‐bite had significantly narrower maxilla and wider mandible (P < .05) than subjects with normal lateral occlusion. In subjects with CII occlusion, square or tapered maxilla and tapered or ovoid mandible were significantly more frequent compared to subjects with Class I (CI) occlusion (P < .05). CII occlusion was significantly associated with crowding in the maxilla (P < .01).ConclusionNarrow and tapered‐shaped maxilla was related to CII occlusion, which was associated with dental crowding in the maxilla. Malocclusions were more likely to be found together with other malocclusions than alone.
A new genetic linkage map in einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum) detects two major QTLs for heading date in chromosome 2A and 5A, probably corresponding to the photoperiod and vernalization genes
Authors: Sesiz Uğur , Özkan Hakan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEinkorn harbours a wide range of genetic diversity for agronomically important traits. Heading date is one of the important traits for the adaptation of wheat species to various climatic conditions and the cultivation in diverse regions and seasons. In this study, DArTseq and SSR marker‐based linkage map of einkorn wheat was constructed using 150 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between ID1623 and MONLIS. The linkage map involved 865 SNP, 787 Silico‐DArT and 16 SSR DNA markers mapped to 741 loci in seven linkage groups and covered 1158.54 cM with an average density of 1.56 cM/locus. Four QTLs associated with heading date, detected in all environments by composite interval mapping (CIM), were positioned across the 2A, 5A and 7A einkorn wheat chromosomes. Two major and stable QTLs, QThd‐2A.2 and QThd 5A.1, were identified on chromosomes 2A and 5A, respectively. These QTLs probably coincide with photoperiod and vernalization genes in accordance with previously published maps. The new map will facilitate quantitative trait locus mapping, map‐based cloning and comparative genomics in wheat species.
Hydrogen sulphide: an emerging regulator of plant defence signalling
Authors: Choudhary A. K. , Singh S. , Khatri N. , Gupta R. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTHydrogen sulphide (H2S), a gaseous signalling molecule in plants, has gained considerable attention in recent years because of its emerging roles in the regulation of plant growth and development and responses to abiotic stressors. Although the involvement of H2S in biotic stress is not well documented in the literature, a growing body of evidence indicates its potential role in plant defence, particularly against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Recent reports have suggested that H2S participates in plant defence signalling potentially by (1) regulating glutathione metabolism, (2) inducing expression of pathogenesis‐related (PR) and other defence‐related genes, (3) modulating enzyme activity through post‐translational modifications, and (4) interacting with phytohormones such as jasmonic acid, ethylene and auxin. In this review, we discuss the biosynthesis, metabolism and interaction of H2S with phytohormones, and highlight evidence gathered so far to support the emerging roles of H2S in plant defence against invading pathogens.
Humoral and cellular immune responses to the SARS‐CoV‐2 BNT162b2 vaccine among a cohort of solid organ transplant recipients and healthy controls
Authors: Yanis Ahmad , Haddadin Zaid , Spieker Andrew J. , Waqfi Danya , Rankin Danielle A. , Talj Rana , Thomas Lora , Birdwell Kelly A. , Ezzell Lauren , Blair Marcia , Eason Joan , Varjabedian Rebekkah , Warren Christian M. , Nochowicz Cynthia H. , Olson Eric C. , Simmons Joshua D. , Yoder Sandra , Guy Madeline , Thomsen Isaac , Chappell James D. , Kalams Spyros A. , Halasa Natasha B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Despite exclusion from SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine clinical trials, these individuals were identified as high‐risk and prioritized for vaccination in public health guidelines.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated humoral and cellular immune responses to two doses of the SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine, BNT162b2, in 56 SOT recipients and 26 healthy controls (HCs). Blood specimens collected from participants prior to each dose and following the second dose were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibodies, as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses.ResultsSOT recipients demonstrated lower mean anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody levels compared to HCs after each dose, and only 21.6% achieved an antibody response after the second dose within the range of HC responses. Similarly, the percentage of responsive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in SOT recipients was lower than in HCs. While most HCs showed notable humoral and cellular responses, responses were less concordant in SOT recipients, with some showing evidence of either humoral or cellular response, but not both.ConclusionHumoral and cellular immune responses to the BNT162b2 vaccine are markedly reduced in SOT recipients as compared to HCs, suggesting that SOT recipients may benefit from more tailored regimens such as higher dose and/or additional vaccinations.
Ultrasonic Doppler‐guided catheterization of the dorsal pedal artery in dogs and cats under general anesthesia
Authors: Koid Audrey E. , Lane William G. , Krein Stephanie , Sinnott‐Stutzman Virginia , Bracker Kiko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveNoninvasive blood pressure measurements are less accurate than direct measurements but arterial catheterization for direct blood pressure monitoring can be challenging especially in patients with a nonpalpable pulse. The purpose of this study is to describe a novel technique of locating the dorsal pedal arterial pulse using a portable ultrasonic Doppler for arterial catheter placement.Key FindingsUsing the described technique in anesthetized dogs and cats with strong (n = 13) to weak dorsal pedal pulses (n = 6), the overall success rate of arterial puncture was 70% (19/27) with successful catheterization in 53% (10/19) of those. The overall success rate of arterial catheterization was 37% (10/27). The pulse strength did not significantly affect the success rate. Neither were patient weight, blood pressure, heart rate, and premedication significantly different between the 2 groups.SignificanceThis study describes a novel technique for locating the dorsal pedal artery for arterial catheterization. Having another technique of pulse detection may increase the likelihood of arterial catheter placement for direct blood pressure monitoring and aid in arterial puncture for obtaining a sample for blood gas analysis in critical patients.
Nanofluid Flow of Alumina–Copper/Water Through Isotropic Porous Arrays of Periodic Square Cylinders: Mixed Convection and Competent Array Shape
Authors: Asif Mohd , Dhiman Amit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The flow of hybrid alumina–copper/water nanofluid with mixed convection heat transfer from multiple square cylinders arranged in three different types of arrays, namely equilateral triangle (ET), rotated square (RS), and rotated rhombus (RR) in a heat exchanger, has never been studied before the present study. Navier–Stokes and energy equations with a periodic boundary condition in the transverse direction for all three array types having the same porosity are solved with the finite volume methodology. The combined effect of aiding buoyancy (Richardson number 0–2), the configuration of square cylinders, and hybrid nanoparticle volume fraction (0-0.06) on the flow dynamics and their impact on the overall heat transfer phenomenon through three different array configurations is thoroughly elucidated. The arrays’ overall drag and friction coefficient increases with an increase in the strength of aiding buoyancy and nanoparticle volume fraction. An increment in Richardson number, and nanoparticle volume fraction, causes thermal boundary layer thinning and results in higher heat transfer rates across all three arrays. With an increase in Ri from 0 to 2 at a nanoparticle volume fraction of 0.06, the mean Nusselt number of ET, RS, and RR arrays is increased by 161%, 5%, and 32%, respectively. While, with an increase in nanoparticle volume fraction from 0 to 0.06 at Ri = 2, the mean Nusselt number of ET, RS, and RR arrays is augmented by 17%, 6%, and 9%, respectively. Finally, the efficient array configuration in terms of fluid-thermal behavior is proposed to design various heat-exchange systems under differing operating conditions.
Investigation on Mode Characteristics of Rotating Instability and Rotating Stall in an Axial Compressor
Authors: Yang Zeyuan , Wu Yadong , Ouyang Hua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Rotating instability (RI) and rotating stall (RS) are two types of aerodynamic instability in axial compressors. The former features the side-by-side peaks below the blade passing frequency (BPF) in frequency spectra, and the latter represents one or more stall cells rotating in the compressor. This article presents an experiment on the nearfield pressure and farfield acoustic characteristics of RI phenomenon in a low-pressure axial compressor rotor, which endures both RI and RS at several working conditions. To obtain the high-order modes of RI and other aerodynamic instability, a total of 9 or 20 Kulites are circumferentially mounted on the casing wall to measure the nearfield pressure fluctuation using a mode order calibration method. Meantime in the farfield 16 microphones are planted to measure the acoustic mode order using the compressive sensing method. Through calibration, the experiments acquire the mode orders generated by RI and the interaction between RI and BPF, which are higher than the number of transducers. As for RS, the mode decomposition shows a mode order of 1, indicating one single stall cell rotating in the compressor. This experiment also shows that the amplitudes of RI modes are decreased when RS occurs, but both RS modes and RI modes will be enhanced if the flowrate is further reduced. This experiment reveals that RI experiences three stages of “strengthen-weaken-strengthen,” and hence, RI may not be regarded only as “prestall” disturbance.
Yaw-Rate-Tracking-Based Automated Vehicle Path Following: An MRAC Methodology With a Closed-Loop Reference Model
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Wang Zejiang , Shen Heran , Wang Junmin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Concerning automated vehicles, various path-following controllers have been designed by the model reference adaptive control (MRAC) approach. Through appropriate Lyapunov redesigns, asymptotical stability and signal boundedness are ensured for the path-tracking control loops. However, transient behaviors of the closed-loop responses are seldom considered in the context of MRAC synthesis. To bridge the foregoing gap, a closed-loop-reference-model-based MRAC, which yields an improved transient performance compared with a traditional MRAC, is exploited to synthesize a vehicular path-following control law. Besides, an infinitely differentiable projection operator is complemented to the control parameters’ adaptation schemes for estimation speed-up and robustness enhancement. Hardware-in-the-loop experiments are used to evaluate the proposed method and to demonstrate its improvement over some conventional MRAC designs.
Nonlinear Acoustic Technique for Monitoring Porosity in Additively Manufactured Parts
Authors: Park SeHyuk , Alnuaimi Hamad , Hayes Anna , Sitkiewicz Madison , Amjad Umar , Muralidharan Krishna , Kundu Tribikram 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ultrasonic wave based techniques are widely used for damage detection and for quantitative and qualitative characterization of materials. In this study, ultrasonic waves are used for probing the response of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel samples as their porosity changes. The additively manufactured stainless steel specimens were fabricated using a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) metal 3D printer. Four different levels of porosity were obtained by suitably controlling the LPBF process parameters. For generating ultrasonic waves, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers were used. The signals were generated and propagated through the specimens in a transmission mode setup. Both linear and nonlinear analyses were used during the signal processing of the recorded signals for damage characterization. Linear ultrasonic parameters such as the time-of-flight (related to wave velocity) and signal amplitude (related to wave attenuation) were recorded. The nonlinear ultrasonic parameter, Sideband Peak Count—Index (SPC-I), was obtained by a newly developed nonlinear analysis technique. The experimental results obtained for the specimens were analyzed and compared for both linear and nonlinear ultrasonic analyses. Finally, the effectiveness of the SPC-I technique in monitoring porosity levels in additively manufactured specimens is discussed.
Preliminary Component Design and Cost Estimation of a Novel Electric-Thermal Energy Storage System Using Solid Particles
Authors: Ma Zhiwen , Wang Xingchao , Davenport Patrick , Gifford Jeffery , Martinek Janna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Energy storage will become indispensable to complement the uncertainty of intermittent renewable resources and to firm the electricity supply as renewable power generation becomes the mainstream new-built energy source and fossil fuel power plants are phased out to meet carbon-neutral utility targets. Current energy storage methods based on pumped storage hydropower or batteries have many limitations. Thermal energy storage (TES) has unique advantages in scale and siting flexibility to provide grid-scale storage capacity. A particle-based TES system is projected to have promising cost and performance characteristics to meet the future growing energy storage needs. This paper introduces the system and components required for particle TES to become technically and economically competitive. The system integrates electric particle heaters, particle TES within insulated concrete silos, and an efficient air-Brayton combined-cycle power system to provide power for storage durations up to several days via low-cost, high-performance storage cycles. Design specifications and cost estimation of major components in a commercial-scale system are presented in this paper. A techno-economic analysis based on preliminary component designs and performance indicates that particle TES integrated with an air-Brayton combined-cycle power system has a path to achieve the targeted levelized cost of storage of 5 ¢/kWh-cycle at a round-trip efficiency of 50% when taking low-cost energy-specific components and leveraging basic assets from existing thermal power plants. The cost model provides insights for further development and economic potentials for long-duration energy storage.
Assessment of Wind Field Generation Methods on Predicted Wind Turbine Power Production Using a Free Vortex Filament Wake Approach
Authors: Abedi Hamidreza , Nebenführ Bastian , Davidson Lars 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The generated power and thrust of a wind turbine strongly depend on the flow field around the turbine. In the present study, three different inflow methods, i.e., a time series (TS) from large eddy simulation (LES) of atmospheric boundary layer flow field, a synthetic turbulent flow field using the Mann model (MM), and a steady-state mean wind profile with shear, are integrated with the free vortex filament wake method to investigate the effect of wind field generation methods on the wind turbine performance where the impact of the turbine and the trailing wake vortices on the turbulent flow fields is ignored. For this purpose, an in-house vortex lattice free wake (VLFW) code is developed and used to predict the aerodynamic loads on rotor blades. The NREL 5-MW reference wind turbine is used for the VLFW simulations. For a fair assessment of different inflow generation methods on power production of a wind turbine, it is not sufficient that the generated wind fields employed in the TS and MM methods have the same streamwise mean velocity and turbulence intensity at hub height. Instead, the generated inflows must have equivalent power-spectral densities especially at low frequencies since the rotor blades essentially respond to the large-scale fluctuations (macroscopic scales) rather than small-scale fluctuations (microscopic scales). A faster energy decay rate of LES inflow leads to a higher energy content in the TS method at low frequencies (associated with the macroscopic dynamics of the rotor blades). This extra kinetic energy results in a slightly higher mean power production while using the TS method although the inflow conditions at hub height/rotor plane are the same for both the TS and MM methods. Moreover, the impact of simulation time (the length of time integration) on the power production of a wind turbine (exposed to an unsteady inflow) must be taken into account. A short simulation time remarkably affects the mean wind speed over the rotor area for identical turbulent inflows. For Taylor’s hypothesis application using a single LES flow field, the results show a significant difference in the mean powers corresponding to the different realizations due to large turbulent fluctuations.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Vibro-impact Motions of a Gear Pair Subjected to Torque Fluctuations to Define a Rattle Noise Severity Index
Authors: Donmez Ata , Kahraman Ahmet 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Vibro-impacts are common in various automotive engine and transmission gear applications. They are known to cause excessive noise levels, often called rattling or hammering. Input and output fluctuations acting on such systems cause tooth separations and sequences of impacts allowed by backlash at the gear mesh interfaces. The fluctuations leading gear rattling have often been studied for specific applications with the excitations produced typically by an internal combustion engine. As such, rattle evaluations have been often empirical and specific to the systems considered. In this study, an experimental test setup of a gear pair is developed to emulate the same torque fluctuations in a laboratory environment. This setup is used to establish an impact velocity-based rattle severity index defined by the measured torsional behavior of the drive train that is shown to correlate well with the measured sound pressure levels. With that, a validated dynamic model of the experimental setup is employed to predict the same index to allow estimation of rattle noise outcome solely from a torsional dynamic model of the drivetrain. Predicted rattle severity indexes are shown to agree well with the measured ones within wide ranges of torque fluctuations and backlash magnitudes, allowing an assessment of rattle performance of a drivetrain solely from a torsional model.
Comparative Analysis of Lithium First Wall Concepts for Tokamak with Reactor Technologies
Authors: Vertkov A. V. , Zharkov M. Yu. , Lyublinskii I. E. , Safronov V. A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
When developing the stationary fusion reactor, an unresolved issue is the design of its intra-chamber plasma-facing elements. It has now become obvious that among the materials conventionally used for intra-chamber elements, there are no solid structural materials that would meet the requirements for the long-term operation under the effect of the flux of fusion neutrons (14 MeV) with a density of ~1014 cm–2 s–1 and the heat flux with a power density of 10–20 MW/m2. An alternative solution to this problem is the use of liquid metals as a plasma-facing materials, and, first of all, the use of lithium, which has a low atomic number (low charge number Z). Other easily-melting metals are also considered, which have higher Z number, but lower saturation vapor pressure than lithium. This will make it possible to create the long-lived, heavy-to-damage and self-renewing surface of the intra-chamber elements, which will not contaminate the plasma. The main ideas of the alternative concept of the intra-chamber elements can be formulated based on the comprehensive analysis of the problems and requirements arising during the development of intra-chamber elements of the stationary reactor, for example, the DEMO-type reactor. The article presents the analysis of the possible design of the lithium-coated intra-chamber elements and discusses the main ideas of the lithium first wall concept for the tokamak with reactor technologies.