bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De novo3D models of SARS-CoV-2 RNA elements from consensus experimental secondary structures
Authors: Rangan Ramya , Watkins Andrew M , Chacon Jose , Kretsch Rachael , Kladwang Wipapat , Zheludev Ivan N , Townley Jill , Rynge Mats , Thain Gregory , Das Rhiju 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe rapid spread of COVID-19 is motivating development of antivirals targeting conserved SARS-CoV-2 molecular machinery. The SARS-CoV-2 genome includes conserved RNA elements that offer potential small-molecule drug targets, but most of their 3D structures have not been experimentally characterized. Here, we provide a compilation of chemical mapping data from our and other labs, secondary structure models, and 3D model ensembles based on Rosetta's FARFAR2 algorithm for SARS-CoV-2 RNA regions including the individual stems SL1-8 in the extended 5′ UTR; the reverse complement of the 5′ UTR SL1-4; the frameshift stimulating element (FSE); and the extended pseudoknot, hypervariable region, and s2m of the 3′ UTR. For eleven of these elements (the stems in SL1–8, reverse complement of SL1–4, FSE, s2m and 3′ UTR pseudoknot), modeling convergence supports the accuracy of predicted low energy states; subsequent cryo-EM characterization of the FSE confirms modeling accuracy. To aid efforts to discover small molecule RNA binders guided by computational models, we provide a second set of similarly prepared models for RNA riboswitches that bind small molecules. Both datasets (‘FARFAR2-SARS-CoV-2’, https://github.com/DasLab/FARFAR2-SARS-CoV-2; and ‘FARFAR2-Apo-Riboswitch’, at https://github.com/DasLab/FARFAR2-Apo-Riboswitch’) include up to 400 models for each RNA element, which may facilitate drug discovery approaches targeting dynamic ensembles of RNA molecules.
A Tribute to H. George Fredrickson
Authors: Dubnick Melvin J , Guy Mary E , Kettl Donald F , Kim Pan Suk , O’Leary Rosemary 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDuring his 50-year career, H. George Frederickson contributed on multiple fronts: to better government, to a more thoughtful and rigorous public administration field, to better scholarship, to a network of scholars, and to collaborative interaction among practitioners and scholars. He was the founding Editor of the Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory as well as the Journal of Public Administration Education. He was one of the founders of the Public Management Research Association (PMRA) and was instrumental in establishing the world headquarters of PMRA at the University of Kansas School of Public Affairs, where he was the Edwin O. Stene Distinguished Professor. He was President of Eastern Washington University. A gifted writer and thinker who excelled in both breadth and depth, George published important articles and books, and won many awards for his scholarship. Most importantly, he was a catalyst for establishing social equity as the “third pillar” of public administration. In this article, five public administration scholars pay tribute to H. George Frederickson’s most influential scholarly works, with an emphasis on social equity and accountability. George’s impact outside of the United States, especially in South Korea, also is highlighted.
The true orthodoxy of trusts law
Authors: Coumas Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Trusts evolved over time in a process of cyclical development. Legal drafters have repeatedly devised new versions of existing forms to achieve their clients’ objectives. Legislatures and courts have then recognised, or rejected, the legal validity of these innovations. Their responses prompt further innovatory moves by drafters, and so the rules governing validity and drafting practices have developed hand in hand. There is nothing new about the way commercial parties have put trust structures to new uses. Opposing their innovations on the ground that these depart from trust law ‘orthodoxy’ is to misunderstand the true orthodoxy of trusts law.
Age Differences in the Mediating Effects of Parenting Stress on the Relationship Between Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease and Externalizing Problems in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Chang Ling-Yin , Wang Chia-Ching , Weng Wen-Chin , Chiu Shuenn-Nan , Chang Hsing-Yi 
Published: February 2021

Background
Cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) has detrimental effects on behavioral function in children and adolescents. However, few study authors have examined the underlying mechanisms of these effects.

Objective
The aims of this study were to investigate the mediating effects of parenting stress in the association between cyanotic CHD and externalizing problems and to explore whether age moderated these mediating effects.

Methods
A total of 697 children and adolescents (aged 2–17 years) with CHD (252 with cyanotic CHD and 445 with acyanotic CHD) in Taiwan were enrolled. The Child Behavior Checklist and the Parenting Stress Index were used to assess externalizing problems and parenting stress, respectively. Mediation analysis was performed to determine the mediating effects of parenting stress in the association between cyanotic CHD and externalizing problems. A moderated mediation model was used to investigate the moderating effect of age on the observed mediating effects.

Results
Parenting stress significantly mediated the relationship between cyanotic CHD and externalizing problems (unstandardized coefficient B = 0.98; 95% bootstrap confidence interval, 0.23–1.78). Children's age further moderated the mediating effects, with greater effects in older children. Age also moderated the association between cyanotic CHD and parenting stress, such that the effects were only significant in children older than 5.7 years.

Conclusions
Our study revealed that age affected the mediating effects of parenting stress in the relationship between cyanotic CHD and externalizing problems. Efforts to reduce externalizing problems in children and adolescents with cyanotic CHD by targeting parenting stress may be more effective when age differences are considered.
Amblyopia and Refractive Status in Congenital Ptosis
Authors: Wu Xusheng , Zhang Jiaying , Ding Xia , Cao Yuan , Zhu Xiaowei , Li Rui , Li Lin , Lin Ming , Li Jin 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The aim of this study was to explore the effect of congenital ptosis on the visual function of patients and observe the improvement in visual function after the correction of ptosis at different surgical times.

Methods
We performed a retrospective study of 265 patients (346 eyes) with congenital ptosis at the same hospital. Each patient underwent an ophthalmic examination, including optometry and measurement of the affected palpebral fissure height and upper eyelid margin reflex distance. Preoperative clinical and morphologic data were compared with postoperative data.

Results
The refractive error of the patient population was significantly different from that of the general population (P < 0.01). The rates of strabismus and amblyopia were 12.45% and 36.98%, respectively, in the ptosis patients, both of which are higher than the rates in the general population (P < 0.01), especially for unilaterally affected patients and patients with the optical axis covered. The refractive error of patients younger than 5 years was improved postoperatively (P < 0.05). The number of cases of amblyopia and strabismus was reduced, as was the percentage of cases of with-the-rule astigmatism (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Congenital ptosis can result in refractive error, strabismus, and amblyopia, which could seriously impair the visual function of patients. The impairment is more pronounced in unilaterally affected patients. Surgery is conducive to the recovery of visual function, especially in patients younger than 5 years. Satisfactory curative effects can be obtained before the age of 3 years; thus, unilaterally affected patients, severely affected patients, and patients with impaired visual function should undergo surgery as soon as possible.
Course Review
Authors: Teklay Samuel , Dhillon Dharminder 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Plastic surgery is niche surgical speciality that is not very well covered in curricula of many medical schools around the world. Junior doctors often feel underprepared and unskilled to deal with basic plastic surgery trauma that commonly presents to the emergency department. Most junior doctors have had very limited or no exposure to common plastic surgery procedures. Simulation training would be one effective way of preparing for such placements.
The Mid Yorkshire Plastic Surgery Course, accredited by the British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgeons, is an interactive 2-day course that takes place in Wakefield, UK. The Mid Yorkshire Plastic Surgery Course provides delegates with learning opportunities via short, concise lectures followed by longer practical workshops enabling application of theory into immediate practice. It focuses on fundamental plastic surgery skills required to perform key index operating procedures required for entry into higher specialist surgical training. A comprehensive evaluation of this course is conducted in this review.
Preservation of the Implant in Nipple-Sparing Mastectomies: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Le Nicole K. , Soni Sara E. , Smith Paul D. , Kumar Ambuj , Dayicioglu Deniz 
Published: February 2021

Background
Mastectomies are an integral part of breast cancer treatment for many patients.
1
Of those patients, a significant number have previously undergone breast augmentation before being diagnosed with breast cancer. Therefore, we developed the novel technique of performing nipple- and implant-sparing mastectomies (NISMs) for women with prior breast augmentations. This study will assess the plausibility of using NISMs versus nipple-sparing mastectomies (NSMs) in this subgroup of patients by comparing the complication rates.

Methods
Data were collected on age, tumor size, tumor grade, receptors, and the interval between mastectomy and implant exchange for both groups. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics. Independent samples t tests, χ2 tests, and Fisher exact tests were used to compare the NISM and NSM cohorts. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between complications and mastectomy type and was summarized as an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval.

Results
Fifteen patients underwent an NISM and 35 patients underwent an NSM. The overall rate of complications was less in NISM cases than in NSM cases (20% vs 27%). However, this difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.18–1.64; P = 0.278).

Conclusions
The overall complication rate was lower with NISMs compared with NSMs. Nipple- and implant-sparing mastectomy is a novel, viable, and safe option for patients with breast cancer and a history of submuscular breast augmentation.
Associations between movement behaviors and emotional changes in toddlers and preschoolers during early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile
Authors: Aguilar-Farias Nicolas , Toledo-Vargas Marcelo , Miranda-Marquez Sebastian , Cortinez-O’Ryan Andrea , Martino-Fuentealba Pia , Cristi-Montero Carlos , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Fernando , Guarda-Saavedra Paula , del Pozo Cruz Borja , Okely Anthony D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited evidence about emotional and behavioral responses in toddlers and preschoolers during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, particularly in Latin America.ObjectiveTo assess associations between changes in movement behaviors (physical activity, screen time and sleeping) and emotional changes in toddlers and preschoolers during early stages of the pandemic in Chile.MethodsA cross-sectional study conducted from March 30th to April 27th, 2020. Main caregivers of 1-to 5-year-old children living in Chile answered an online survey that included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, changes in the child’s emotions and behaviors, movement behaviors and caregivers’ stress during the pandemic. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess the association between different factors and emotional changes in toddlers and preschoolers.ResultsIn total, 1727 caregivers provided complete data on emotional changes for children aged 2.9±1.36 years old, 47.9% girls. A large proportion of toddlers and preschoolers in Chile experienced emotional and behavioral changes. Most caregivers reported that children were ‘more affectionate’ (78.9%), ‘more restless’ (65.1%), and ‘more frustrated’ (54.1%) compared with pre-pandemic times. Apart from changes in movement behaviors, factors such as child age, caregivers’ age and stress, and residential area (urban/rural) were consistently associated with changes in emotions and behaviors.ConclusionThe pandemic substantially affected the emotions and behaviors of toddlers and preschoolers in Chile. Mental health promotion programs should consider multilevel approaches in which the promotion of movement behaviors and support for caregivers should be essential pieces for future responses.
A New Hematological Prognostic Index For Covid-19 Severity
Authors: Hammadi Abdulmajeed A. , Jubouri Adnan M. Al , Ahmed Ghassan , Hayyawi Ali H. , Kareem Khalil , Gorial Faiq I. , Salman Muhammed Waheeb , Ghanim Mohammed , Jameel Basil F. , Jawad Ali M. , Abbas Hassan M. , Al-Gharawi Ali A. , Al-shareef Jawad I , Ali Chasib L. , Nasser Kawthar F. , Abdulrazaq Mohammad Y. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundsevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or Covid-19 is a nationwide public health emergency with significant impact on human life.ObjectiveTo develop a new simple hematological prognostic index for Covid-19 severity state.Patients and methodsThis observational cross sectional study was conducted on 250 patients with Covid-19 disease. Age, gender, and severity of Covid −19 were recorded. Complete blood count and lactate dehydrogenase were measured.New index: COVID-19 severity-Iraqi-index = CSI index to predict COVID-19 severity.CSI index is monocyte/lymphocyte absolute counts multiplied by LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)/upper normal reference laboratory range of LDH value.ResultsMean age of patients was 50.4 + 15.1 years. Majority of patients were Males 148 (59.2%)..Most of patients were in stage 2 and 3 (> 94%). There was a significant difference between means of White Blood Cells, lymphocytes and Monocytes among the different stages of the disease (P = 0.0001, 0.036, 0.012). There was a significant moderate correlation between the prognostic index and the stage of the disease (r=0.41, p=0.0001).ConclusionsCSI index is a new simple predictor of clinical outcome in patients with covid-19 during early stage of the disease.
Accumulation of somatic mutations leads to genetic mosaicism in Cannabis
Authors: Adamek Kristian , Jones Andrew Maxwell Phineas , Torkamaneh Davoud 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCannabis is typically propagated using stem cuttings taken from mother plants to produce genetically uniform propagules. However, producers anecdotally report that clonal lines deteriorate over time and eventually produce clones with less vigour and lower cannabinoid levels than the original mother plant. While the cause of this deterioration has not been investigated, one potential contributor is the accumulation of somatic mutations within the plant. To test this, we used deep sequencing of whole genomes (>50x) to compare the variability within an individualCannabis sativacv. “Honey Banana” plant sampled at the bottom, middle and top. We called over 6 million sequence variants based on a reference genome and found that the top had the most by a sizable amount. Comparing the variants among the samples uncovered that nearly 600K (34%) were unique to the top while the bottom only contained 148K (12%) and middle with 77K (9%) unique variants. Bioinformatics tools were used to identify mutations in critical cannabinoid/terpene biosynthesis pathways. While none were identified as high impact, four genes contained more than double the average level of nucleotide diversity (π) in or near the gene. Two genes code for essential enzymes required for the cannabinoid pathway while the other two are in the terpene pathways, demonstrating that mutations were accumulating within these pathways and could influence their function. Overall, a measurable number of intra-plant genetic diversity was discovered that could impact long-term genetic fidelity of clonal lines and potentially contribute to the observed decline in vigour and cannabinoid content.
The role of sexuality in religious responses to problematic drug use in Argentina
Authors: Jones Daniel Eduardo , Dulbecco Paloma , Cunial Santiago L. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to inquire into the role that sexuality plays in faith-based programs for the prevention and care of problematic drug use.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper conducts 25 semi-structured interviews with institutional staff and another 31 with people undergoing treatment in spiritual and religious drug rehabilitation programs in Argentina.

Findings
First, within these therapeutic devices, different sexual experiences are considered initial catalysts for drug use. Also, within these institutions, certain morally condemned sexual behaviors are seen as associated with consumption. Second, these institutions establish diverse rules and recommendations about intimate relationships for people in recovery to improve the outcome of treatments. Third, therapeutic institutions produce gender stereotypes related to the sexuality of drug users. Fourth, institutions assume heterosexuality within their target populations, thereby reinforcing the heteronormative frameworks of these therapeutic interventions.

Research limitations/implications
This is a small qualitative study conducted in Argentina. Although its results cannot be generalized, they serve as a preliminary empirical input to analyze drug treatment programs in the country and other regions of the world.

Originality/value
This study addresses the relationships between problematic drug use, rehabilitation and sexuality from the perspectives of both professionals and men and women who consume drugs. This paper adopts a critical perspective on gender and sexual diversity to analyze how therapeutic institutions reproduce certain gender stereotypes and heteronormativity. In doing so, the research intends to contribute to discussions that can lead to more comprehensive policies regarding problematic drug use.
Foster employability and fight social exclusion through the development of lifelong learning (LLL) key-competences: reviewing twenty years of LLL policies
Authors: Ceschi Andrea , Perini Marco , Scalco Andrea , Pentassuglia Monica , Righetti Elisa , Caputo Beniamino 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This study aims to provide an overview of the past two decades of lifelong learning (LLL) policies for enhancing employability and reduce social exclusion in young people of European countries through the development of the so-called LLL key-competences.

Design/methodology/approach
Built on a quasi-systematic review, this contribution explores traditional and new methods for promoting the LLL transition, and then employability, in young adults (e.g. apprenticeship, vocational training, e-learning, etc.).

Findings
It argues the need to identify all the possible approaches able to support policymakers, as they can differently impact key-competence development.

Originality/value
Finally, based on the consolidated EU policy experience, we propose a strategy of implementation of the LLL programmes that facilitates the institutions’ decision processes for policy-making through the use of decisional support system.
Evaluating the health promoting schools in Iran: across-sectional study
Authors: Sartipizadeh Mehrangiz , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid , Alipouri Sakha Minoo , Zarrin Aein , Bazyar Mohammad , Zahirian Moghadam Telma , Zandian Hamed 
Published: February 2021

PurposeHealth-promoting schools have been associated with improvements in the health status of students globally. This study is a secondary analysis study assessing Iranian HPSs.Design/methodology/approachThis was a cross-sectional study on routinely collected data using an external audit 63-item checklist, which was utilized to evaluate 440 HPSs between 2014 and 2017. The mean score for each of the checklists' components was calculated. Nonparametric tests were conducted to investigate the association between the presence of a school caregiver, students' educational level and the school's score.FindingsWhile the number of five- and four-star schools increased significantly, one- to three-star schools declined. Providing clinical and counseling services had negative growth. Despite the steady growth of the staff's health, this category still had the lowest score among; on the contrary, physical activity had the highest score in 2017. The presence of a full-time school caregiver and middle schools were both significantly correlated with achieving higher scores (p < 0.005).Originality/valueIt seems that in addition to developing school facilities to promote physical activities, measures should be taken to promote access to counseling services, considering health issues of students and staff and finally increasing the number of full-time school caregiver
From Sèvres to Melbourne: Art and education museums in 19th-century Victoria
Authors: Griffith Anna , Carroll Mary Brigit , Farrell Oliver 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThis paper focuses on the donation in 1888 of a Sèvres Vase to the Education Department of Victoria after the International Exhibition in Melbourne. Using the vase as its focus the paper reflects on what this donation may be able to tell us about the impact, primarily on education, of a series of International Exhibitions held both in Australia and internationally between 1851 and 1900. The life of the Sèvres vase highlights the potential of the Exhibitions for the exchange of ideas internationally, the influence of the International Exhibition movement on education and the links between a 19th-century gift and the teaching of Art in 1930s Melbourne.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines one object in relation to education in its wider historical context through a reading of the archival records relating to the Melbourne Teacher’s Training College and Melbourne High School.FindingsThe influence of the educational exhibits of the 1888 Centennial International Exhibition held in Melbourne are shown to have had an impact on the design of the Melbourne Teachers Training College.Originality/valueThis paper provides a new and original perspective on the Melbourne Teachers Training College and its foundation through its library and museum collections.