bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐Mechanism mRNA Delivery via Fluorinated‐Sorbitol Polyplexes: Enhancing Cellular Uptake and Endosomal Escape for COVID‐19 Vaccination
Authors: Vasukutty Arathy , Chahal Sahil , Lee Kyung‐Hwa , Park So‐Hee , Kim Soo‐Min , Shin Eunkyung , Kim You‐Jin , Kim Dokeun , Lee Jung‐Ah , Jeong Hye‐Sook , Park In‐Kyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdvancements in mRNA delivery nanoparticles have significantly improved the potential for treating challenging diseases. Due to the inherent immunogenicity and rapid degradation of mRNA, specialized nanoparticles are required for efficient intracellular uptake, endosomal escape, and protection from lysosomal degradation. Although current methods enable transgene expression but achieving a balance between efficiency and toxicity remains challenging. In this study, an effective mRNA delivery system is developed by modifying a cationic polymer with sorbitol and fluorine, resulting in fluorinated polyethyleneimine with sorbitol functionalization (PFS). This polyplex enhances mRNA delivery through improved cellular uptake via sorbitol channels and caveolae‐mediated endocytosis, while fluorination facilitates endosomal escape and mitigates toxicity. The formulation demonstrated successful expression of Gaussian luciferase mRNA in both Raw 264.7 cells and Balb/c mice. Additionally, intramuscular administration of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike mRNA vaccine elicited robust immune responses comparable to Moderna's LNP formulation. The vaccine effectively neutralized the Wuhan variant strain of SARS‐CoV‐2, as shown by PRNT50 testing. These findings suggest that the PFS formulation is a promising candidate for developing polymeric mRNA vaccines targeting various infectious and non‐infectious diseases.
Photoimmunologic Therapy of Stubborn Biofilm via Inhibiting Bacteria Revival and Preventing Reinfection
Authors: Wang Jia‐Li , Pan Xiu , Li Xin , Liu Kun‐Mei , Yao Mei , An Jin‐Yu , Wan Yu , Yu Xiao‐Qi , Feng Shun , Wu Ming‐Yu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStubborn biofilm infections pose serious threats to public health. Clinical practices highly rely on mechanical debridement and antibiotics, which often fail and lead to persistent and recurrent infections. The main culprits are 1) persistent bacteria reviving, colonizing, and rejuvenating biofilms, and 2) secondary pathogen exposure, particularly in individuals with chronic diseases. Addressing how to inhibit persistent bacteria revival and prevent reinfection simultaneously is still a major challenge. Herein, an oligo‐ethylene glycol‐modified lipophilic cationic photosensitizer (PS), TBTCP‐PEG7, is developed. It effectively eradicates Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) under light irradiation. Furthermore, TBTCP‐PEG7‐mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) not only conquers stubborn biofilm infections by downregulating the two‐component system (TCS), quorum sensing (QS), and virulence factors, thereby reducing intercellular communication, inhibiting persistent bacterial regrowth and biofilm remodeling but also prevents reinfection by upregulating heat shock protein‐related genes to induce immunogenetic cell death (ICD) and establish immune memory. In vivo, TBTCP‐PEG7 efficiently eradicates MRSA biofilm adhered to medical catheters, stimulates angiogenesis, reduces inflammatory factor expression, and accelerates wound healing. Furthermore, ICD promotes short‐term immune and long‐term immunological memory for coping with secondary infections. This two‐pronged strategy not only effectively overcomes stubborn, persistent and recurrent biofilm infection, but also provides theoretical guidance for designing the next generation of antibacterial materials.
Solid‐State Oxide‐Ion Synaptic Transistor for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Langner Philipp , Chiabrera Francesco , Alayo Nerea , Nizet Paul , Morrone Luigi , Bozal‐Ginesta Carlota , Morata Alex , Tarancón Albert 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNeuromorphic hardware facilitates rapid and energy‐efficient training and operation of neural network models for artificial intelligence. However, existing analog in‐memory computing devices, like memristors, continue to face significant challenges that impede their commercialization. These challenges include high variability due to their stochastic nature. Microfabricated electrochemical synapses offer a promising approach by functioning as an analog programmable resistor based on deterministic ion‐insertion mechanisms. Here, an all‐solid‐state oxide‐ion synaptic transistor is developed, employing Bi2V0.9Cu0.1O5.35 as a superior oxide‐ion conductor electrolyte and La0.5Sr0.5FeO3‐δ as a variable‐resistance channel able to efficiently operate at temperatures compatible with conventional electronics. This transistor exhibits essential synaptic behaviors such as long‐ and short‐term potentiation, paired‐pulse facilitation, and post‐tetanic potentiation, mimicking fundamental properties of biological neural networks. Key criteria for efficient neuromorphic computing are satisfied, including excellent linear and symmetric synaptic plasticity, low energy consumption per programming pulse, and high endurance with minimal cycle‐to‐cycle variation. Integrated into an artificial neural network (ANN) simulation for handwritten digit recognition, the presented synaptic transistor achieved a 96% accuracy on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset, illustrating the effective implementation of the device in ANNs. These findings demonstrate the potential of oxide‐ion based synaptic transistors for effective implementation in analog neuromorphic computing based on iontronics.
Cu‐ZnS Modulated Multi‐Carbon Coupling Enables High Selectivity Photoreduction CO2 to CH3CH2COOH
Authors: Huang Fuxia , Wang Feng , Liu Ya , Guo Liejin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe direct photocatalytic conversion of CO2 and H2O into high‐value C3 chemicals holds great promise but remains challenging due to the intrinsic difficulty of C1–C1 and C2–C1 coupling processes and the lack of clarity regarding the underlying reaction mechanisms. Here, the design and synthesis of a Cu‐ZnS photocatalyst featuring dispersed Cu single atoms are reported. These Cu single atoms are coordinated with S atoms, forming unique Cu‐S‐Zn active units with tunable charge distributions that interact favorably with surface‐adsorbed intermediates. This configuration stabilizes the *COHCO intermediate and facilitates its subsequent coupling with *CO to form *COCOHCO both thermodynamically and kinetically favorable on the Cu‐ZnS surface. Notably, multiple critical C3 intermediates, including *COCOHCO, *OCCCO, and *CHCHCO, are identified, providing a clear reaction pathway for CO2 to CH3CH2COOH conversion. The Cu‐ZnS photocatalyst achieves a CO2 to CH3CH2COOH conversion rate of 0.45 µmol h−¹ with an electron selectivity of 91.2%. Remarkably, in the presence of triethanolamine, the production rate increases to 16.9 µmol h−¹ with a selectivity of 99.8%. These findings underscore the importance of modulating multicarbon coupling processes to enable the efficient photocatalytic transformation of CO2 into C3 products, paving the way for future advancements in sustainable chemical synthesis.
Deciphering the Effects of Plasmonic Nanoparticles Doping in Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaic and Photodetector Devices
Authors: Zheng Daming , Prado Yoann , Pauporté Thierry , Coolen Laurent 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObtaining high‐performance films of organo‐metallic halide perovskites is still a challenging task, with tremendous potential outcomes for devices involving light absorption such as next‐generation photovoltaics or photodetectors. In many experimental reports, particularly on perovskite solar cells, the addition of metallic nanoparticles (gold, silver…) has demonstrated promising performance improvements. However, while light management strategies based on plasmonic resonances are the initial motivation for these experiments, various other explanations have been proposed and the plasmonic nature of the performance boost is not always clear. In this article, optical simulation analysis is combined with a general review of the experimental reports to elucidate the role of nanoparticles in perovskite devices from a multifaceted perspective. Performance improvements were recently reported for various devices (solar cells, photodetectors) of different perovskite materials where gold nanoparticles were introduced either by spin coating or evaporation. Alongside a comprehensive examination of conventional optical effects, a novel function is identified of nanoparticles in regulating the crystallization rate of perovskite films, leading to enhanced film quality and ultimately boosting light absorption and device optical performance. This analysis enriches the mechanistic understanding for future studies on the use of nanoparticles in perovskite‐based devices, offering a novel approach for optimizing perovskite films.
Cluster and Kill: the Use of Clustering‐Triggered Emission Materials for Singlet Oxygen Photosensitization in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Dueñas‐Parro Karina , Gulias Oscar , Agut Montserrat , de la Cruz‐Martínez Felipe , Lara‐Sánchez Agustín , Castro‐Osma José A. , García‐Reyes Juan F. , Sánchez‐Ruiz Antonio , Martín Cristina , Nonell Santi , Bresolí‐Obach Roger 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe emergence of light‐based technologies is revolutionizing modern medicine and healthcare by enabling precise disease diagnosis and treatment through various luminescent agents and imaging techniques. Despite challenges like biocompatibility, spectral tuning, and synthesis complexity, the primary issue is the aggregation‐caused quenching of emission on high concentrations or physiological conditions. In light of these problems, Clustering‐Triggered Emission (CTE), which involves the formation of atomic clusters to induce light absorption and the luminescence of unconventional chromophores, represents an all‐in‐one solution to the challenges identified. Given the potential for CTE materials to behave in ways previously only associated with conventional chromophores, it seems reasonable that highly oxidative reactive oxygen species can be formed from CTE excited states. The results demonstrate that it is possible to transfer the excess energy from the CTE long‐lived excited states to molecular oxygen, thereby producing singlet oxygen. It is also noteworthy that over 99.9% of Staphylococcus aureus cells can be eradicated using fluences comparable to those used in traditional systems under violet light irradiation. Uncovering these photophysical properties of CTE opens the door to a revolutionary breakthrough that can disrupt conventional photodynamic therapy and usher in a new era of CTE‐based photosensitizers.
Progress Toward Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Tegegne Newayemedhin A. , Nchinda Leonato T. , Krüger Tjaart P. J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) are suitable candidates for next‐generation renewable energy sources due to their low cost of production and flexibility. Their power conversion efficiency has improved significantly to about 20% in both single‐ and multi‐junction devices due to the tremendous work in optimizing the synthesis of novel active‐layer materials while improving device fabrication. Despite a few reports predicting a 20‐year lifetime for OSC devices, their stability currently lags behind their commercialization. This Review discusses the issues that impair OSC stability and how to mitigate them. While emphasizing the importance of the International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability (ISOS) protocols, an overview of recent advancements in OSC power conversion efficiency (PCE) and lifetime is provided. Finally, fundamental challenges to developing high‐performance and stable OSCs are discussed along with general recommendations for improving the stability of OSCs.
Iontronically Tunable Broadband Graded Index Films
Authors: Franceschini Paolo , Tognazzi Andrea , Demartis Virginia Maria , Carletti Luca , Menshikov Evgenii , Alessandri Ivano , Cino Alfonso Carmelo , Torricelli Fabrizio , De Angelis Costantino , Vincenti Maria Antonietta 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTunable optical devices are of paramount importance in modern optical engineering, offering the flexibility to dynamically adjust key optical parameters, thus enhancing functionality and adaptability. In this study, a fresh approach is presented to achieve on‐demand, spatially tunable optical properties using organic mixed ion‐electron conductors, which can be produced using large‐scale, cost‐effective technologies. It is demonstrated how, by exploiting, the spatial modulation of the bulk electronic conductance of PEDOT:PSS through an organic electrochemical transistor configuration, we can create a spatially tunable broadband gradient index profile with multiple degrees of freedom. These findings introduce a new class of tunable graded index media, which hold potential for a wide range of applications that span from optical interconnections to multi‐focal optical devices.
Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence From Chiral Manganese(II) Complexes
Authors: Huo Zhong‐Zhong , Wang Yu , Yang Bo , Liang Jia‐Qi , Hong Xian‐Fang , An Qi , Yuan Li , Ma Huili , Zuo Jing‐Lin , Zheng You‐Xuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDue to the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and high efficiency, chiral phosphorescent complex holds promise for CP organic light‐emitting diode (CP‐OLED) and 3D display, but the application of chiral manganese(II) (Mn(II)) complex is rare. Herein, the CP‐OLEDs with Mn(II) enantiomers, R/S‐DFPO‐MnBr2 and R/S‐XTDPO‐MnBr2, based on tert‐butyl(6‐(diphenylphosphoryl) dibenzo[b,d]furan‐4‐yl)(phenyl)phosphine oxide and tert‐butyl(5‐(diphenylphosphoryl)‐9,9‐dimethyl‐9H‐xanthen‐4‐yl)(phenyl) phosphine oxide ligands are reported containing phosphorus‐centered point chirality. R/S‐DFPO‐MnBr2 and R/S‐XTDPO‐MnBr2 exhibit yellow‐green emissions peaking at 541 and 532 nm with photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 87%, CPL spectra with dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) around 2.0 × 10−3. The CP‐OLEDs achieve external quantum efficiencies of up to 12.9% and CP electroluminescence spectra with |gEL| values of about 1.8 × 10⁻3, suggesting potential application of chiral Mn(II) complexes.
Advanced Exciplex Sensitized Green InP‐Based Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes for Extended Lifespan
Authors: Truong Thi Thuy , Vergineya S Nisha , Lim Jaemin , Mude Nagarjuna Naik , Bae Wan Ki , Kwon Jang Hyuk 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCharge imbalance in inverted InP‐based quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs) due to higher electron injection is a well‐known hindrance to the device's stability. To overcome this, the exciton harvesting layer (EHL) is inserted between QD and the hole transport layer to recycle overflowing electrons, form excitons, and transfer exciton energies to QD layer. This study utilized exciplex as EHL in InP‐based QLEDs. The exciplex EHL is composed of 2‐(5‐(dibenzo[b,d]furan‐4‐yl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐3‐yl)‐4‐phenyl‐6‐(8‐phenyldibenzo[b,d]furan‐1‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (diDBFTrz) as n‐type and ([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl).‐9′‐phenyl‐9H,9′H‐3,3′‐bicarbazole (BPP‐BCZ) as p‐type material. The exciplex is chosen based on its compatibility with QD, which mitigates issues in QLEDs. Through the optimization of the exciplex layer, the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) is enhanced from 10.9% to 19.2%. The BPP‐BCZ: diDBFTrz exciplex ratio of 6:4 (max EQE: 17.3%) achieves the calculated half‐operation lifetime of 1881 h at 1000 cd m−2. The findings pave the way for using exciplex as EHL in QLEDs to increase the device's operational lifetime and efficiency.
Efficient Cu‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkylation and Application in the Total Synthesis of Phallotoxins and Virotoxins
Authors: Fan Lin , Li Jiashan , Yan Xinlong , Li Zongwei , Wang Yang , Pan Le , Liu Guodu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAsymmetric alkylation is one of the most important methods for synthesis of chiral unnatural α‐substituted α‐amino acids. Herein, we reported the asymmetric alkylation catalyzed by Cu/(4S,2R)‐tBu‐Phosferrox catalyst. This catalyst exhibits the highest catalytic performance in the asymmetric alkylation at catalyst loading as low as 1.0 mol %, giving the desired products with up to 95% yield and >99% ee, which is the best result to date. Furthermore, this method was successfully applied to the scalable practical synthesis of unnatural amino acid 4,5‐OH‐Leu, which could be directly used in the total syntheses of phalloidin, phallacidin, other four phallotoxins and six virotoxins.
Dual‐Mode Flexible Parylene‐C‐Based In‐Memory Tactile Sensory Device with CMOS Compatibility
Authors: Ban Chaoyi , Wang Zongwei , Zhang Shuangjie , Shan Linbo , Chen Qingyu , Cai Yimao , Huang Ru 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe artificial tactile memory system enables electronic skin (e‐skin) electronics to detect and record tactile sensations like natural skin, significantly expanding the applications of flexible electronics in wearable devices, human‐computer interaction, and healthcare. However, current tactile memory electronics still face challenges such as complex structures and high hardware costs, limiting further high‐density integration. Herein, an in‐memory tactile sensory (IMTS) device with a simple structure is experimentally demonstrated, which can achieve pressure information detecting, storage, and erasure in a single device. Due to the chemical stability of the parylene‐C and its compatibility with standard photolithography, the device can be manufactured on advanced CMOS process platforms, showing potential for high‐density integration. Additionally, the device demonstrates excellent mechanical properties, maintaining outstanding electrical performance in both flat and bending conditions. Furthermore, pressure distribution can be detected and recorded with the IMTS arrays, providing new avenues for developing high‐performance tactile memory systems in human‐computer interaction and wearable electronics.
Food Values in China
Authors: Wang Erpeng , Yuan Jing , Gao Zhifeng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDrawing a clear overall picture of consumers' preferences for food is essential for designing effective marketing strategies and promoting a healthy and sustainable food system. Based on China's unique food culture and food system, this study describes the Chinese food value system and designs a best−worst scaling survey with 2165 Chinese respondents to explore Chinese consumers' food value structure. Results show that Chinese consumers have similar preferences for food values with Western consumers, who all rank safety, nutrition, and taste as the important food values and rank origin and appearance as the least important. Interestingly, Chinese consumers consider price to be a less important value but place more value on food safety and nutrition. They also have a relatively high share of preference for medicine diet and antipoverty food value, implying a unique food system. This study also shows a significant heterogeneity in Chinese consumers' preferences for food values. Food values are significantly related to some particular food consumption, indicating that the distribution and changing of food values in the population can help identify the transformation of food systems.
Constraining CO2 Coverage on Copper Promotes CO2 Electroreduction to Multi‐carbon Products in Strong Acid
Authors: Yang Wanfeng , Zhao Yong , Chen Yiqing , Ren Hangjuan , Sun Jiameng , Shi Zhangsheng , Jin Xindie , Zhang Zhonghua , Wang Xin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2R) to multi‐carbon (C2+) products in strong acid presents a promising approach to mitigate the CO2 loss commonly encountered in alkaline and neutral systems. However, this process often suffers from low selectivity for C2+ products due to the competing C1 (e.g., CO and HCOOH) formation and complex C−C coupling kinetics. In this work, we report a CO2 coverage constraining strategy by diluting CO2 reactant feed to modulate the intermediate distribution and C−C coupling pathways for an enhanced electrosynthesis of C2+ products in strong acid. Lowering the CO2 feed concentration reduces CO2 coverage on copper catalyst, enriching the surface coverage and optimizing the adsorption configuration of the key CO intermediate for C−C coupling. This approach efficiently suppresses the formation of undesired C1 products. By employing a 20 % CO2 feed, we achieved a significant improvement in C2+ Faradaic efficiency, reaching 68 % at 100 mA cm−2, approximately 1.7 times higher than the 41 % obtained using pure CO2. We demonstrated the direct electroreduction of a 30 % CO2 feed—representative CO2 concentration of typical industrial flue gases—in a full electrolyzer, achieving a C2+ selectivity of 78 % and an energy efficiency of 23 % at 200 mA cm−2.
Achieving over 20 % Efficiency in Laminated HTM‐Free Carbon Electrode Perovskite Solar Cells through In Situ Interface Reconstruction
Authors: Huang Guopeng , Zhang Taiyang , Lin Weidong , Qin Lixia , Kang Shi‐Zhao , Li Xiangqing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLaminating a free‐standing carbon electrode film onto perovskite film is a promising method for fabricating HTM (hole transport material)‐free carbon electrode perovskite solar cells (c‐PSCs), offering more flexibility by decoupling the processes of carbon electrode and perovskite layer formation. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of laminated HTM‐free c‐PSCs (<16.5 %) remains lower compared to c‐PSCs with printed carbon pastes (>20 %), primarily due to poor interfacial contact between the perovskite and carbon layers. Herein, we report a chemical‐mechanical driven in situ interface reconstruction strategy to solve such interface contact issues. The in situ interface reconstruction is firstly triggered by methylammonium chloride (MACl) surface treatment to chemically activate the film and then mechanically laminate the carbon electrode onto the softened perovskite film under heating. The perovskite film undergoes in situ regrowth and the carbon film starts to cure simultaneously, dynamically reconstructing the perovskite/carbon electrode interface. A tighter and conformal contact is achieved, greatly facilitating the carrier transport and extract. Ultimately, a champion PCE of 20.31 % is achieved with enhanced stability. Our in situ interface reconstruction strategy which is combinating the chemical and mechanical process offers a new choice for the further design of low‐cost and efficient HTM‐free c‐PSCs.