bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MANAJAEMEN KEARSIPAN SURAT MASUK DAN SURAT KELUAR PADA SMP NEGERI 01 CISOMPET KABUPATEN GARUT
Authors: Setyorini Dini , Rosmita Rosmita 
Published: April 2021

Surat adalah sebuah alat komunikasi tertulis yang digunakan oleh pengirim untuk mengirimkan berita atau informasi kepada penerima. Surat juga memiliki fungsi dokumentasi yang berisi rekaman tentang aktivitas suatu instansi. Surat pula dapat dijadikan sebuah bukti atau dasar untuk melakukan tindakan tertentu karena memiliki tanda keabsahan perintah yang kuat, yaitu tanda tangan pembuatnya.
Masalah dari penelitian ini adalah setiap surat masuk dan keluar yang diterima oleh Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 01 Cisompet, biasanya harus di disposisikan terlebih dahulu secara manual untuk arsip. Surat yang akan keluar terlebih dahulu dibuat salinan nomor. Selanjutnya di atur dalam sebuah rak. Hal ini sangat rentan dengan masalah kehilangan arsip surat dan akan menghambat usaha pencarian data. Kesulitan yang lain muncul ketika surat yang sudah lama dikeluarkan dalam beberapa tahun yang lalu dengan jenis surat yang ada sehingga ketika akan melakukan pencarian data juga akan terhambat.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memudahkan solusi bagaimana surat masuk dan surat keluar pada suatu sekolah.
Hasil pembahasan dari penelitian ini adalah dengan proses terkomputerisasi, dapat mengelola data dalam jumlah yang lebih besar, dapat melakukan pengelolaan data berulang-ulang, dapat memproses data dengan cepat, memiliki tingkat ketelitian yang tinggi serta memiliki media penyimpanan file yang baik sehingga data akan mudah dicari.
Imagen y medios de comunicación. El caso de los centros hospitalarios en la prensa local
Authors: Ruiz Mora Isabel , Olmedo Salar Silvia 
Published: April 2021

En la sociedad actual, las cuestiones de salud cobran cada día una mayor relevancia y los medios de comunicación no son ajenos a ello. En esta línea, partimos de la premisa que las instituciones públicas sanitarias, como son los hospitales, están abordando con una mayor intensidad estrategias comunicacionales para establecer diálogos con sus públicos. Al mismo tiempo los medios de comunicación están otorgando una mayor cobertura al universo sanitario, pues este campo despierta un destacado interés en las audiencias. En concreto, los hospitales, por su contexto de proximidad, se convierten en un elemento de la cotidianidad sobre la que los medios pueden influir de forma decisiva en la construcción de los imaginarios colectivos. Es en este punto, donde esta investigación pretende aportar algunas claves sobre la imagen que proyectan los medios locales sobre los centros hospitalarios y de estar forma, poder constatar los perfiles que caracterizan el protagonismo del centro sanitario y su repercusión mediática, que incidirá de forma significativa en sus públicos. Para poder alcanzar estos objetivos, se utilizará la técnica del análisis de contenido en aquellos periódicos locales de mayor tirada en las capitales de provincia seleccionados para la muestra. Las conclusiones principales nos acercan a la necesidad de que sean las propias instituciones las encargadas de despertar el interés hacia las mismas, influyendo así, en la construcción de su imagen.
Electrophysiology study using patch clamp technique in sensory neurons
Authors: Dos Santos-Nascimento Tiago , Veras Kleyane Morais , Souza-Filho José Ossian Almeida , Moreira-Júnior Luiz 
Published: April 2021

The electrophysiological and pharmacological study involving sensory and autonomic neurons enables the development of new effective agents in the treatment of neuropathic disorders, since they enable the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the malfunction of the nervous system. In this context, the patch clamp technique increased the study of cells, providing a high-resolution method at the molecular level for observing the flow of ions through ion channels characteristic of excitable cells [1], such as the neurons.
When using different protocols with combinations of intracellular and extracellular solutions with specific pharmacological agents, this technique allows different unit and/or macroscopic records of active and passive electrical variables of cellular activity [2] that it favored the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine to Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann in 1991. Although the whole cell mode is the most used configuration in health-related researches, little is known in health courses. To apply this technique to neurons, it is commonly necessary to dissociate neurossomas.
Figure 01 shows sensory neurossome of the dorsal root ganglion (GRD) of rats from the bioterium of the State University of Ceará (CEUA process number 10339956-9). The process of isolating neurossomas from the intact ganglion consists of two phases: 1) Collagenase (1mg / ml for 75 min) and Trypsin + EDTA (0.25% and 0.025%, respectively, for 12 minutes); 2) Mechanical dispersion with 3 Pasteur glass pipettes with decreasing diameter (2.5 mm, 1 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively). Then, the neurossomas were plated on coverslips previously treated with poly-D-lysine maintained in supplemented DMEM and incubated at 37 °C and 5% CO2 [3].
The figure shows a neurossoma 24h after plating. This cell has approximately 25 µM in diameter, which it plays role nociception function [4]. Furthermore, the nucleus is not centralized, the cell does not have neurites. As for the micropipette, capillaries were used for micro-hematocrit without heparin (75 mm length, 1 mm inner diameter and 1.5 mm outer diameter) for making with tip resistance range from 1 and 3 MΩ after filling with the solution to compose intracellular medium [5].
In this technique, a microelectrode was micrometrically move toward until it lightly touched the plasma membrane. Then, a continuous negative pressure was applied to increase the contact of the glass with the membrane, stabilizing the seal (interaction between membrane and glass) and increasing it until its resistance reaches the order of 109 ohm (GΩ). Then, more suction was applied to cause the cell surface under the microelectrode to rupture, thus providing access to the interior of the cell, allowing excellent control of the cell membrane potential and, consequently, high-fidelity records of ionic currents that flow through ion channels present in the plasma membrane of neurossomas.
Op zoek naar een verbeeldend utilisme
Authors: Mouter Niek , Pelzer Peter 
Published: April 2021

In search of an imaginative utilitarianism: Decision-making tools for administrators and citizens in image-defining projects
Sometimes dreams become reality, but there are also many examples in which manic ideas for image-defining projects turn into fiascos. How do you find the right balance in the planning and decision-making of image-defining projects between taming manic mechanisms that cause these projects to fail and unleashing manic mechanisms that are necessary to make these projects happen? This article attempts to answer this question by exploring how the taming of mania (through welfare-economic analysis) and the unleashing of vision and ambition (through imagination) can be combined in a better way. We call this a search for an ‘imaginative utilitarianism’ and draw up three preconditions under which this approach can work: (1) more attention to incremental and less grotesque projects, (2) a different appreciation and historiography that places individuals less centrally and also appreciates what has not been built, and (3) a stronger interweaving between the design process and a welfare-economic approach.
Publieke waarde van stadsprojecten in de knel
Authors: Bokhorst Meike , Verheul Wouter Jan 
Published: April 2021

Public value in trouble at urban projects
Manic mechanisms in all stages of the development of large, prestigious urban projects can be curbed by internal and external contradiction and control. Someone who has studied this for years is Paul Hofstra, director of the Rotterdam Court of Audit and surrounding municipalities. At the end of his term, he uses research reports to look back with us on the role played by the municipalities in major urban projects over the past twelve years. Recently, the Court of Audit published “Public value in trouble” a meta-analysis of ten years of audit of the Rotterdam municipal administration. In retrospect on the past years, four themes always came back: problems in policy design, implementation problems, internal cooperation and management and cooperation with other parties.
Weerbarstige lokale inpassing van geo-energieprojecten
Authors: Roovers Geert , Duijn Mike 
Published: April 2021

Difficulties on local incorporation of geo energy projects. Can soft power and localism be helpful?
Subsoil interventions in the Netherlands are crucial elements in the transition to a sustainable energy future. These subsoil interventions concern reduction of fossil energy mining, extraction of thermal energy, energy storage and CSS storage. These geo projects cause tensions. Planning under the mining law leads to local resistance, debate and often delay or cancelling of initiatives. The central characteristics of this planning are an important cause. As the transition to sustainable energy asks for more interventions in the subsoil, these tensions get problematic, and hinder the transition. In this article we investigate this problematic nature of planning under the mining law. In examples we show the problems, and accordingly we analyse them. We explore a more prominent role of local actors, using localism and soft power. With this article we want contribute to national and international discussions about the planning and governance of subsoil initiatives and strengthening of local involvement in these.
De Commissie aan de poort: de voorgenomen regulering van techreuzen onder de Digital Markets Act
Authors: de Vries Y. , Klijsen M.S. , Pannekoek H.M. 
Published: April 2021

De Commissie aan de poort: de voorgenomen regulering van techreuzen onder de Digital Markets Act
Op 15 december 2020 publiceerde de Commissie haar ‘Digital Services Package’. Dit wetgevingspakket, waar met veel belangstelling naar is uitgekeken, omvat twee voorstellen: de Wet inzake digitale diensten (DSA) en de Wet inzake digitale markten (DMA). De DSA heeft tot doel om de rechten van gebruikers van digitale diensten te beschermen. De DMA bevat aanvullende regels en een nieuw toezichtregime voor machtige onlineplatforms, zogenoemde ‘poortwachters’. Het doel van de DMA is het beteugelen van oneerlijke gedragingen van deze poortwachters waarmee zij zowel concurrenten als consumenten benadelen. In deze bijdrage gaan wij in op het voorstel voor de DMA.Commissie Voorstel voor een Verordening van het Europees Parlement en de Raad over betwistbare en eerlijke markten in de digitale sector (Wet inzake digitale markten) COM/2020/842 def.
Exploring Intracellular Ion Pools in Coccolithophores Using Live‐Cell Imaging
Authors: Peled‐Zehavi Hadas , Gal Assaf 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSome microorganisms, such as coccolithophores, produce an intricate exoskeleton made of inorganic solids. Coccoliths, the calcium carbonate scales of coccolithophores, are examples of the precise bioproduction of such complex 3D structures. However, the understanding of the cellular mechanisms that control mineral formation inside the cell, specifically the ability of these microalgae to transport high fluxes of inorganic building blocks, is still limited. Recently, using cryo‐electron and X‐ray microscopy, several intracellular compartments are shown to store high concentrations of calcium and phosphorous and are suggested to have a dominant role in the intracellular mineralization pathway. Here, live‐cell confocal microscopy and fluorescent markers are used to examine the dynamics of ion stores in coccolithophores. Using calcein and 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) as fluorescent proxies for calcium and polyphosphates, the experiments reveal an unexpected plethora of organelles with distinct fluorescent signatures over a wide range of strains and conditions. Surprisingly, the fluorescent labeling does not show changes along the calcification process and is similar between calcifying and noncalcifying cells, suggesting that these ion pools may not be a dynamic avenue for calcium transport. In such a case, the enigma behind the ability of coccolithophores to sustain intracellular calcification still awaits comprehensive elucidation.
Smart Delivery of Plasminogen Activators for Efficient Thrombolysis; Recent Trends and Future Perspectives
Authors: Refaat Ahmed , del Rosal Blanca , Palasubramaniam Jathushan , Pietersz Geoffrey , Wang Xiaowei , Peter Karlheinz , Moulton Simon E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFibrinolytic drugs have been successfully used to manage acute thrombotic and thromboembolic conditions. However, their narrow administration time window, rapid clearance, and possible inactivation limit their efficient and wider application. Most importantly, they present a substantial risk of fatal bleeding complications, which are a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Improving the therapeutic outcomes of pharmacological thrombolysis, including alleviating associated side effects, is an urgent challenge. In this context, nano‐drug delivery systems have attracted major interest. State‐of‐the‐art nanodelivery systems have achieved reduced immunogenicity and a significant prolongation of the biological half‐life of drugs, the latter allowing their application as boli instead of infusions. Recent research focuses on theranostic systems capable of image‐guided thrombolysis, clot targeting strategies, and stimuli‐responsive systems. The latter are designed so that an external or internal stimulus triggers the drug release, offering unique spatiotemporal control over the treatment and potentially minimizing side effects. In this review, the authors discuss the different nanodelivery platforms and focus on stimuli‐responsive systems, highlighting their therapeutic advantages and the challenges for their clinical translation.
Phase Boundary Mapping of Tin‐Doped ZnSb Reveals Thermodynamic Route to High Thermoelectric Efficiency
Authors: Wood Maxwell , Toriyama Michael Y. , Dugar Shristi , Male James , Anand Shashwat , Stevanović Vladan , Snyder G. Jeffrey 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe thermoelectric material ZnSb utilizes elements that are inexpensive, abundant, and viable for mass production. While a high thermoelectric figure of merit zT, is difficult to achieve in Sn‐doped ZnSb, it is shown that this obstacle is primarily due to shortcomings in reaching high enough carrier concentrations. Sn‐doped samples prepared in different equilibrium phase spaces in the ternary Zn‐Sb‐Sn system are investigated using phase boundary mapping, and a range of achievable carrier concentrations is found in the doped samples. The sample with the highest zT in this study, which is obtained with a carrier concentration of 2 × 1019 cm−3 when the material is in equilibrium with Zn4Sb3 and Sn, confirms that the doping efficiency can be controlled by preparing the doped sample in a particular region of the thermodynamic phase diagram. Moreover, density functional theory calculations suggest that the doping efficiency is limited by the solubility of Sn in ZnSb, as opposed to compensation from native defects. Cognizance of thermodynamic conditions is therefore crucial for rationally tuning the carrier concentration, a quantity that is significant for many areas of semiconductor technologies.
Nitrogen use in spring wheat affected by crop diversification, management, and tillage
Authors: Allen Brett L. , Lenssen Andrew W. , Sainju Upendra M. , Jabro Jalal D. , Stevens William B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDryland wheat production potential in the northern Great Plains (NGP) often is limited by N availability affected by various management practices. A 4‐yr study was conducted in northeast Montana to relate spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity and N utilization to management system (conventional and ecological), tillage (till and no‐till), and four crop rotations (continuous spring wheat, spring wheat–pea [Pisum sativum L.], spring wheat–hay barley [Hordeum vulgare L.]–pea, and spring wheat–hay barley–corn [Zea mays L.]–pea). Ecological management included greater seeding rates, delayed planting dates, banded N fertilizer, and increased stubble height compared with conventional management with standard seeding rates and planting dates, short stubble height, and broadcast N fertilizer. Continuous spring wheat showed the lowest grain yield, with the least efficient utilization of N compared with 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐yr rotations. Mineral nitrogen use efficiency was 37% lower for continuous wheat than for other rotations. Increasing the complexity of crop rotation had little impact on wheat production or N relationships. The delayed planting date associated with ecological management of spring wheat contributed to 33% less efficient use of N compared with an early planting date with conventional management. Overall, results indicated that crop rotation and management system often affected N relationships with wheat production, whereas the effects of tillage differed with year. Differences in yield and N use of spring wheat varied among years, underscoring the need to refine management systems given the highly variable precipitation patterns typical of the NGP.
Parental mosaicism in de novo neurodevelopmental diseases
Authors: Shu Li , Zhang Qianjun , Tian Qi , Yang Sai , Peng Xingwang , Mao Xiao , Yang Liming , Du Juan , Wang Hua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNeurodevelopmental diseases are increasingly recognized to be caused by “de novo” variants with the expanding use of next‐generation sequencing. The apparent de novo variants may actually be low‐level hereditary parental mosaic variants, which could increase the recurrence risk of disease by >50% and is thought to be an underappreciated cause of neurodevelopmental diseases. Our study aimed to investigate the frequency of parental mosaicism in “de novo” neurodevelopmental diseases. A total of 237 patients (and parents) with neurodevelopmental diseases carrying apparent de novo pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were recruited consecutively. Deep next‐generation sequencing was performed on parental samples to identify parental mosaicism. Fourteen parental disease‐causing mosaicism variants (3.0%) in 11 genes were detected with alternate allele frequency (AAF) 0.22%–34%. Three parents showed milder clinical phenotypes than their offspring with relatively high AAF (23.33%, 25%, 34% separately). One recurrent variant was identified prenatally. A review of cohort study on parental mosaicism in neurodevelopmental diseases was performed. Our study highlights that identifying the parental mosaic disease‐causing variants especially the low‐level mosaicism will contribute to improving the accuracy of genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for reproductive risks.
Alendronic acid bearing ketone‐formaldehyde resin and clay nanocomposites for fire‐retardant polyurethanes
Authors: Akar Ahmet , Kızılcan Nilgün , Yivlik Yusuf , Önen Derya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCyclohexanone‐formaldehyde resin and acetophenone‐formaldehyde resin were in situ modified with sodium alendronate and the nanocomposites of cyclohexanone‐formaldehyde resin with sepiolite and montmorillonite by adding the nanoclay into the resin formation media. The analysis of nanocomposites of nanoclay in the resin were carried out with X‐ray diffraction. Exfoliated nanocomposites containing as much as 5 wt% sepiolite were obtained while the nanocomposites of montmorillonite were intercalated. The nanocomposites of alendronic acid‐modified ketone‐formaldehyde resin containing as much as 20 wt% sepiolite or 10 wt% montmorillonite were successfully produced in situ. Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies (NMR) were used for the structural characterization of the modified resins. The alendronic acid modified resins and their nanocomposites with the clays were used to produce reactive non‐toxic fire retardant rigid polyurethane foam. The polyurethane foam containing alendronic acid‐modified acetophenone‐formaldehyde resin had a residue of 20% in the thermogravimetric analysis and was HB‐grade in the horizontal fire test (HB) and self‐extinguished in about 3–5 s during the test. Polyurethane foams containing alendronic acid and the nanoclay with the limiting oxygen index value of 20.8 were achieved.
Preparation and structural control of polyphenylene sulfide porous fibers via thermally induced phase separation method
Authors: Zhong Tianhaoyue , Li Junfeng , Yan Xiang , Jiang Chunhui , Chen Yuan , Xu Qibin , Su Zexi , Liu Pengqing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe porous fibers are expected to be widely used in liquid filtration, environmental protection, and catalyst carrier field. Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) porous fiber was prepared using polyethersulfone (PES) as pore‐forming agent by a thermally induced phase separation method. The rheological behaviors, crystallization, compatibility of the PPS/PES blending resins and fibers were characterized by the tests of high pressure capillary rheology, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic thermodynamic analysis, and so on; meanwhile, the structure and properties of PPS porous fibers were studied through the tests of continuity, scanning electron microscope, mercury injection, and mechanical properties. The results shown that the pore structure of porous PPS fibers can be regulated by controlling the PES content. In the spinning process, the higher winding speed (R = 300 ~ 400) and the larger PES content (60%) are more conducive to the formation of an interpenetrating structure of PES in the blend system. After the extraction of PES, PPS fibers with PES contents of 30% and 40% formed pore structure with uniform shape and size. Nevertheless, a high PES fraction of 60% leads to the collapse of the pore structure, resulting in serious structural damage. The porous fiber with controllable pore dimension is obtained by selecting proper ratio of polymers and appropriate spinning conditions.
A niche‐based gap analysis for the conservation of odonate species in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Brasil Leandro Schlemmer , de Andrade André Felipe Alves , Ribeiro Bruno R. , Spigoloni Zander A. , Juen Leandro , De Marco Paulo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Despite the current rates of deforestation and the expected climatic changes, protecting species in their natural habitats is still the simplest, cheapest, and most effective way of safeguarding biodiversity. Here, the network of protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon was evaluated to assess its effectiveness in safeguarding species of Odonata.
Ecological niche models were built to assess the suitability of the habitat for 503 Amazonian odonate species. Then, the effectiveness for the protection of odonate species of three classes of protected areas (strictly protected area, sustainable use area, and indigenous territory) was evaluated.
Approximately 30% of the species are protected within the network of protected areas. These findings highlight the importance of protected areas for safeguarding most odonate species in the Amazon. For under‐represented or gap species, additional resources are still needed for effective management and protection on some private properties, which need to set aside land for conservation. In this way, it is possible to preserve habitats for odonate species and guarantee their conservation in the Amazon.