bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitration of Jharia Basin Coals, India: a study of structural modifications by XRD and FTIR Techniques
Authors: Boral Prabal , Varma Atul K. , Maity Sudip 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Four coal samples from Jharia basin, India are treated with nitric acid in glacial acetic acid and aqueous media to find out the chemical, petrographic and spatial structure of the organic mass by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques.X-ray parameters of coal like interlayer spacing (d002), crystallite size (Lc), aroamticity (fa), average number of aromatic layers (Nc), and coal rank (I26/I20) have been determined using profile-fitting software. Considerable variation is observed in treated coals in comparison to the demineralized coals. The d002 values of treated coals have increased in both the media showing increase in disordering of organic moieties. A linear relationship has been observed between d002 values with the volatile matter of the coals. Similarly, the d002 values show linear relationship with Cdmf contents for demineralized as well as for the treated coals in both the media. The Lc and Nc values have decreased in treated coals corresponding to demineralized coals. The present study shows that nitration in both the media is capable of removing the aliphatic side chains from the coals and aromaticity (fa) increases with increase in rank and shows a linear relationship with the vitrinite reflectance. The corresponding I26/I20 values are least for treated coals in glacial acetic acid medium followed by raw and then to treated coals in aqueous medium.FTIR studies show that coal arenes of the raw coals are converted into nitro-arenes in structurally modified coals (SMCs) in both the media, the corresponding bands at 1550 – 1490 cm-1 and 1355 – 1315 cm-1 respectively. FTIR study confirms that nitration is the predominant phenomenon, though, oxidation and nitration phenomena takes place simultaneously during treatment with nitric acid to form SMCs. In comparison to raw coals, the SMCs show higher aromaticity and may be easily converted to coal derived products like activated carbon and specialty carbon materials.
How cognitive loads modulate the postural control of older women with low back pain ?
Authors: Ge Le , Yu Qiuhua , Wang Chuhuai , Huang Huanjie , Li Xin , Zhang ShanShan , Zhang SiYun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The capacity of postural control is a key factor related to falling in older people, particularly in older women with low back pain (LBP). Cognitive involvement in postural control increases with age. However, most scholars have not considered different difficulty levels of cognitive loads when exploring the effects of cognition on postural control in older patients with LBP. The present study is to investigate how different levels of cognitive loads modulate postural control in older women with LBP.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Twenty older women with LBP were recruited into the LBP group, and 20 healthy older women without the history of LBP were recruited into the healthy control group. Balance parameters were computed to quantify postural control. All participants underwent the balance test , which required the participant to maintain stability during standing on a force platform with or without a concurrent cognitive task. The balance test included three levels of difficulties of posture tasks (eyes-open vs. eyes-closed vs. one-leg stance) and three cognitive tasks (without cognitive task vs. auditory arithmetic task vs. serial-7s arithmetic task). Results: A repeated-measure analysis of variance (3 postural tasks × 3 congnitive tasks× 2 groups) testing the effects of the different congnitive task levels on the performance in different postural conditions.Older women with LBP had worse postural control (as reflected by larger center of pressure (COP) parameters) than control group regardless of postural or cognitive difficulties. Compared with the single task, the COP parameters of participants with LBP were larger during dual tasks, even though the difficulty level of the cognitive task was low. Larger COP parameters were shown only if the difficulty level of the cognitive task was high in control group. Correlations between sway area/sway length and the number of falls were significant in dual tasks.Conclusion: Our findings shed light on how cognitive loads modulate postural control for older women with LBP. Compared with control group, cognitive loads showed more disturbing effects on postural control in older women with LBP, which was associated with falling.
Neuroprotective Effects Of The Inert Gas Argon Onexperimental Traumatic Brain Injury In Vivo With The Controlled Cortical Impact Model In Mice
Authors: Schneider Fritz I. , Krieg Sandro M , Lindauer Ute , Stoffel Michael , Ryang Yu-Mi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Argon has shown neuroprotective effects after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cerebral ischemia in vitro and in focal cerebral ischemia in vivo. The purpose of this study is to show if Argon beneficially impacts brain contusion volume (BCV) as the primary outcome parameter as well as secondary outcome parameters such as brain edema, intracranial pressure (ICP), neurological outcome, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in an in vivo model.METHODS: Subjects were randomly assigned to either argon treatment or room air. After applying controlled cortical impact (CCI) onto the dura with 8 m/s (displacement 1 mm, impact duration 150 ms), treatment was administered by a recovery chamber with 25%, 50%, or 75% argon and the rest being oxygen for 4 h after trauma. Two control groups received room air for 15 min and 24 h, respectively. Neurological testing and ICP measurements were performed 24 h after trauma, and brains were removed to measure secondary brain damage. RESULTS: The primary outcome parameter BCV and the secondary outcome parameter brain edema were not significantly reduced by argon treatment at any concentration, respectively. There was a highly significant decrease in ICP at 50% argon (p=0.001), and significant neurological improvement (beamwalk missteps) at 25% and 50% argon (p=0.01; p=0.049 respectively) compared to control.CONCLUSIONS: Similar to prior in vitro studies argon exerts its best neuroprotective effects with regard to neurological outcome and ICP at a concentration of 50%. Furthermore, a significant improvement in neurological outcome was observed at an argon concentration of 25%. There was no significant reduction of BCV as the primary outcome parameter.
Multi-State Analysis of the Impact of Childhood Starvation on the Healthy Life Expectancy of the Elderly in China
Authors: Dong Huiling , Wu Bingyi , Wu Qunhong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Child malnutrition is not only common in developing countries, but also an important issue faced by developed countries. This study aimed to explore the influence and degree of childhood starvation on the health of the elderly, which providing a reference for formulating health-related policies under the concept of full-life cycle health. Methods: Based on Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2008, 2011 and 2014, this paper took a total of 13,185 elderly people aged 65-99 years as the target population. By IMaCH software, with age, gender, and income level as the control variables, and the average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy of the elderly was measured. The test was used to explore the differences in socio-economic status of elderly people with or without starvation in childhood. The paired t test was used to analyze the difference both average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Results: (1) Transition probabilities in health-disability, health-death, and disability-death all showed an upward trend with age(P<0.05), where the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood were higher than those without such an experience(P<0.05). However, the probability of disability-health recovery showed a downward trend with age(P<0.05), whereas the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood were lower than those without starvation(P<0.05).(2) For the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood, the health indicators of the average life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, and healthy life expectancy proportion accounted for the remaining life were lower than those of the elderly without childhood starvation (P<0.05).Conclusions: The negative impact of childhood starvation on health through the life course till old age, has a persistent negative cumulative effect on the quantity and quality of life for the elderly. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the nutritional status of children in poor families from the perspective of social policy-making.
Influences of the timing of extreme precipitation on floods in Poyang Lake, China
Authors: Li Xianghu , Hu Qi , Wang Rong , Zhang Dan , Zhang Qi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Changes in the timing of extreme precipitation have important ramifications for public safety and storm water management, but it has not received much attention in relation to flooding. This study analyzed the changes in the timing of extreme precipitation in the Poyang Lake basin and projected its future changes for the period 2020–2099. The study also quantified the influences of changes in the timing of peak flows on lake floods based on a hydrodynamic model. The results showed that peak rainfall in the Poyang Lake basin had occurred on later dates during the period 1960–2012, and it is this change that caused a delay in peak streamflows from five rivers in the lake basin. Moreover, the effects of these changes are expected to be more prominent during 2020–2099; for example, the rate of delay will be about 2.0 days per 10 years both for peak rainfall and for streamflow in the Poyang Lake basin. The hydrodynamic simulation further showed that a delay of peak streamflows from five rivers would significantly increase the flood level and outflow of the lake and also prolong the duration of floods. These results indicate that the risk of floods in Poyang Lake is likely to increase in the future, therefore making flood control in this region more challenging.
Enhanced denitrification of secondary effluent using composite solid carbon source based on agricultural wastes and synthetic polymers
Authors: Peng Zhaoxu , Jiang Kun , Lou Tianyu , Niu Ningqi , Wang Ju 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Solid-phase denitrification is a promising approach to enhance nitrate removal. In this work, polybutylene succinate (PBS) and peanut shell (PS) (with crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol–sodium alginate (PVA-SA) as carrier) were used to prepare a composite solid carbon source (3P) to denitrify the secondary effluent. The results showed that for carbon release performance, 3P had not only a large release of organics, like PS, but also the excellent sustainability of PBS. Among the short chain fatty acids released by PBS, PS, PVA-SA and 3P, the percentages of acetic acid were 59.42%, 72.54%, 72.29% and 92.11%, respectively. When 3P was used as external carbon source, denitrification performance could be enhanced with effluent dissolved organic carbon lower than 20 mg/L. The prepared 3P could improve denitrification, from both microbial and kinetic aspects. The relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria increased from 39.32% to 43.58%, and the half saturation constant of the fitting Monod equation was 21.28 mg/L. The prepared 3P is an ideal carbon source for secondary effluent denitrification. Using multiple crosslinking methods to produce carrier is an effective way to show the properties of each material.
Performance of Multiple Light-curing Units used by Dental Students
Authors: Al-Zain Afnan O. , Al-Ghamdi Ziyad A. , Basahal Mahfouz M. , Al-Bukhary Rozana M. , Münchow EliseuAldrighi 
Published: January 2021

Aim:
To investigate the performance of multiple Light-curing Units (LCUs) of different manufacturers used in a dental student clinical setting.

Background:
Manufacturers claim that the irradiance values of the LCUs stay stable over time. However, this may not be accurate among the different units.

Objective:
This study investigated the performance in terms of the irradiance, radiant exposure, and DOC of multiple LCUs of different types used in a dental student clinical setting.

Methods:
Four different LCU were investigated (n=5 units/LCU manufacturer): three Light-Emitting-Diodes (LED) units (Demi Ultra, Mini LED, and E-Morlit) and one quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) (PolyluxII). Irradiance and radiant exposure were collected [Managing Accurate Resin Curing-Patient Simulator (MARC-PS)](n=5 readings/unit/tooth). Depth of Cure (DOC) was performed (ISO 4049:2009standards) using a micro-hybrid composite (n=5/unit). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls and Tukey post hoc methods, respectively (α=0.05).

Results:
Using the MARC-PS anterior and posterior teeth sensors, respectively, the mean irradiance for Demi Ultra was (1625.7±38.8) and (1250.4±25.2); Mini LED (1381.1±37.8) and (1058.1±27.3); E-Morlit (1831.1±294.7) and (1545.2±176.0); and Polylux II (932.4±368.5) and (840.4±353.4)mW/cm2. The radiant exposure range was 16-38 J/cm2 for all LCUs. LCUs’ mean DOC ranged from 2.9 to 3.1 mm. Significant differences in irradiance and radiant exposure values were detected among the multiple units and manufacturers. Significant differences in DOC values among the Demi Ultra and Polylux II units were detected. DOC met the standards except for onePolylux II unit.

Conclusion:
The irradiance and radiant exposure values were not the same among the different units, regardless of the manufacturers’ claim of the irradiance values stability over time. Polymerization was not compromised except for one QTH unit per the DOC measurements. Itis highly recommended to closely monitor LCUs used in dental student clinical areas due to the high demand in this type of setting.
Image Fusion based on Cross Bilateral and Rolling Guidance Filter through Weight Normalization
Authors: Lepcha Dawa C. , Goyal Bhawna , Dogra Ayush 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

Image Fusion is the method which conglomerates complimentary information from the source images to a single fused image
. There are numerous applications of image fusion in the current scenario such as in remote sensing, medical diagnosis, machine vision system, astronomy, robotics, military units, biometrics, and surveillance.

Objective:
In this case multi-sensor or multi-focus devices capture images of the particular scene which are complementary in the context of information content to each other. The details from complementary images are combined through the process of fusion into a single image by applying the algorithmic formulas. The main goal of image fusion is to fetch more and proper information from the primary or source images to the fused image by minimizing the loss of details of the images and by doing so to decrease the artifacts in the final image.

Methodology:
In this paper, we proposed a new method to fuse the images by applying a cross bilateral filter for gray level similarities and geometric closeness of the neighboring pixels without smoothing edges. Then, the detailed images obtained by subtracting the cross bilateral filter image output from original images are being filtered through the rolling guidance filter for scale aware operation. In particular, it removes the small-scale structures while preserving the other contents of the image and successfully recovers the edges of the detailed images. Finally, the images have been fused using a weighted computed algorithm and weight normalization.

Results:
The results have been validated and compared with various existing state-of-the-art methods both subjectively and quantitatively.

Conclusion:
It was observed that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods of image fusion.
Management Patterns of Various Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases in Gastroenterology Department at a Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Dr. Sattu Srinivas  , D.Vageeshwari  , Mallika Kaza  , Shreya Varanasi Prasanna  
Published: January 2021

Hepato-pancreatic diseases are the leading cause of deaths in adults globally. Proper disease management with various approaches can reduce the risk of mortality and providing more efficacious therapies for the patients is one of the most urgent needs hence, the present study is intended to observe and analyze the management patterns of hepato- pancreatic diseases in patients with and without complications and the impact of invasive procedures in management of hepato-pancreatic diseases. A prospective observational study was conducted for a period of 6 months from September 2018- February 2019 after obtaining permission from the Institutional Ethical committee of CMR College of Pharmacy. A total of 3 hepatic and 2 pancreatic diseases were taken this study out of which 36 were Alcoholic liver disease cases(ALD), 15 were Chronic liver disease cases(CLD), 8 were Liver abscess cases(LA), 36 were Chronic pancreatitis(CP) cases and 25 were acute pancreatitis(AP) cases. These cases were observed predominance of males can be seen in our study which can be correlated with the fact that, alcohol consumption is the major cause for hepato-pancreatic diseases and its complications as alcohol consumption causes epigenetic changes that contribute to alcohol induced liver and pancreatic damage. The data were collected according to the inclusion criteria and the final analysis was done based on various parameters. Data analysis showed that pharmacological management was applied in most of the cases (97%) and it was found to be effective instead of invasive procedures that were employed only in 3% of cases along with pharmacological management thereby reducing the burden of hospital on patients.
Experimental Study of Some Properties of Knowledge Distillation
Authors: Szijártó A. , Lehotay-Kéry P. , Kiss A. 
Published: January 2021

For more complex classification problems it is inevitable that we use increasingly complex and cumbersome classifying models. However, often we do not have the space or processing power to deploy these models.Knowledge distillation is an effective way to improve the accuracy of an otherwise smaller, simpler model using a more complex teacher network or ensemble of networks. This way we can have a classifier with an accuracy that is comparable to the accuracy of the teacher while small enough to deploy.In this paper we evaluate certain features of this distilling method, while trying to improve its results. These experiments and examinations and the discovered properties may also help to further develop this operation.
Influencia del índice de masa corporal en la agilidad en la infancia
Authors: Pardo López D 
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como principal objetivo investigar la influencia que podría llegar a tener un índice de masa corporal (IMC) elevado en niños y niñas del primer ciclo de primaria respecto a la agilidad.Para comprobar dicha influencia se seleccionó una muestra de 67 alumnos y alumnas de entre 6 y 8 años de edad siendo el 50,8% del género femenino y el 49,2% del género masculino. A ambos grupos se les practicó el test de agilidad Illinois, también se les tomó la talla y el peso para calcular su IMC basándonos en la tabla de referencias de Tim Cole (2000), además se preguntó otra cuestión sobre la práctica de ejercicio fuera del ámbito escolar. Finalmente se presentaron los datos estadísticos teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos, sacando todas las variables posibles para poder obtener la mayor información posible.
Comparison of coronary artery bypass graft versus drug-eluting stents in dialysis patients: an updated systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Prasitlumkum Narut , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Sato Ryota , Thangjui Sittinun , Thongprayoon Charat , Kewcharoen Jakrin , Bathini Tarun , Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Ratanapo Supawat , Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
As percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) technologies have been far improved, we hence conducted an updated systemic review and meta-analysis to determine the comparability between coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and PCI with drug-eluting stent (DES) in ESRD patients.

Methods
We comprehensively searched the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PUBMED and the Cochrane from inception to January 2020. Included studies were published observational studies that compared the risk of cardiovascular outcomes among dialysis patients with CABG and DES. Data from each study were combined using the random-effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird to calculate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to explore heterogeneity.

Results
Thirteen studies were included in this analysis, involving total 56 422 (CABG 21 740 and PCI 34 682). Compared with DES, our study demonstrated CABG had higher 30-day mortality [odds ratio (OR) 3.85, P = 0.009] but lower cardiac mortality (OR 0.78, P < 0.001), myocardial infarction (OR 0.5, P < 0.001) and repeat revascularization (OR 0.35, P < 0.001). No statistical differences were found between CABG and DES for long-term mortality (OR 0.92, P = 0.055), composite outcomes (OR 0.88, P = 0.112) and stroke (OR 1.49, P = 0.457). Meta-regression suggested diabetes and the presence of left main coronary artery disease as an effect modifier of long-term mortality.

Conclusion
PCI with DES shared similar long-term mortality, composite outcomes and stroke outcomes to CABG among dialysis patients but still was associated with an improved 30-day survival. However, CABG had better rates of myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization and cardiac mortality.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Yang Lahir Dari Perkawinan Perempuan Hamil
Authors: Amnawati Amnawati , Lukman Lukman 
Published: January 2021

Perkawinan perempuan yang sedang hamil dibawah usia kandungan 6 bulan adalah anak sah dan dilindungi menurut hukum negara. Oleh karena itu anak tersebut berhak mendapatkan semua haknya. Setelah direvisinya Pasal 43 UUP anak yang lahir di luar perkawinan sah bisa mendapatkan mengajukan hak-haknya dari bapak biologisnya sepanjang dapat dibuktikan dengan teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan bahwa seseorang adalah ayah biologisnya dipengadilan.
Acute surgery for a case of superior vermian arteriovenous malformation producing raised venous pressure coexisting with basilar-superior cerebellar artery aneurysm presenting subarachnoid hemorrhage; Case report
Authors: Tsunoda Sho , Inoue Tomohiro , Shimoi Akihiro , Akabane Atsuya 
Published: January 2021

Background:Superior vermian subtype of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) coexisting with proximal feeder aneurysm on basilar-superior cerebellar artery (BA-SCA) junction is an extremely rare situation. We experienced a case of this rare entity presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and herein, introduce the outline and clinical features of this experience together with the actual surgical video.Case Description:A 54-year-old man SAH patient with severe headache, disturbance of consciousness, and left oculomotor palsy was urgently admitted to our hospital. Imaging examination demonstrated superior vermian AVM with BA-SCA aneurysm, and both lesions were treated through two different approaches (left pterional craniotomy in conjunction with zygomectomy, and left posterior interhemispheric occipital transtentorial approach) in acute phase of SAH. Both lesions were completely disappeared postoperatively and the patient’s postoperative course was favorable, without symptomatic cerebral vasospasm. Although slight oculomotor palsy remained, the patient recovered well and was transferred to a rehabilitation hospital for further improvement.Conclusion:In the cases of AVM coexisting with proximal feeder aneurysm, presenting with SAH, disorders of intracranial venous return associated with an AVM can be a vital hindrance to managing cerebral vasospasm; therefore, treating both lesions in the acute phase may lead to good outcomes.