bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Activity of the Extracts from Pecan Shelling Industry Byproducts
Authors: Sevimli-Gur Canan , Gezgin Yuksel , Oz Ahmet , Sharqi Shaymaa Al , Gumus Zinar Pinar , Dunford Nurhan Turgut 
Published: May 2021

HighlightsThe first study on characterization of the extracts obtained from industrial pecan nut processing byproducts.Chemical composition and biological activity of the extracts varied with type of byproduct and the pecan cultivars used in the process.Pecan shell extracts exhibited anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity.Abstract. Industrial processing of pecan nuts produces large amounts of shells, which have economic significance for pecan growers and processors. Hence, it is imperative that valorization of pecan processing byproducts is explored. In this study, byproducts from commercial pecan shelling operations were evaluated as potential sources of biologically active phytochemicals. Shelling byproducts from Pawnee, Native, and Stuart cultivars were examined. Aqueous ethanol shell extracts were analyzed for their chemical composition using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS). Total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, anticancer activity, and antimicrobial activity of the samples were investigated. The chemical composition and biological activity of the shell extracts varied significantly with the pecan cultivar and type of byproduct stream used in the study. The presence of nut meat pieces in the byproducts resulted in high oil content in the extracts. The extract from Pawnee cultivar showed high DDPH activity, low IC50 for cancer cell lines, and high IC50 for the healthy cell line (Vero). Extracts from all cultivars had antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli at relatively high disk loadings. This is the first study on the biological activity of extracts obtained from commercial pecan shelling byproducts. The findings of this study have significant practical implications and provide the initial data much needed for valorization of industrial pecan shelling byproducts. Keywords: Anticancer activity, Antimicrobial activity, Chemical composition, Pecan shell extract.
The diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and benthic diatoms in varying environmental conditions in Kok River, Chiang Rai, Thailand as bio-indicators of water quality
Authors: PRASERTSIN TIPPAWAN , SUK-UENG KRITTAWIT , PHINYO KITTIYA , YANA EKKACHAI 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Prasertsin T, Suk-ueng K, Phinyo K, Yana E. 2021. The diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and benthic diatoms in varying environmental conditions in Kok River, Chiang Rai, Thailand as bio-indicators of water quality. Biodiversitas 22: 1853-1862. The study of living organisms was important information for bio-indicators which was utilized to assess the quality of the environment. In the river ecosystem, the algae with which one organism was interesting accordingly considered the relationship of 2 groups algae, including phytoplankton and benthic diatoms and the physical-chemical parameters of Kok River Chiang Rai, Thailand. Phytoplankton and benthic diatoms were collected from five sampling sites along the Kok River during January (cool dry), March (summer), and June (rainy season) 2018, and assessed as bio-indicators to monitor environmental factors that represent water quality across varying conditions and periods. Fifty-seven species of phytoplankton and thirty-nine species of benthic diatoms were found. The phytoplankton mainly belonged to the phylum Bacillariophyta (diatom group). Physical and chemical factors affecting the dominant phytoplankton and benthic diatom species were subjected to canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Results showed that planktonic and benthic Gomphonema lagenula positively correlated with ammonium nitrogen, recording highest abundance during the rainy season. Abundance of Achnanthidium straubianum, a planktonic and benthic diatom, and Navicula cincta negatively correlated with river velocity and water conductivity, with lowest numbers during the rainy season. Water trophic status evaluated from the main parameters of the AARL-PC score indicated that during the cool dry and summer seasons all sampling sites were classified as mesotrophic, while during the rainy season they were classified as meso-eutrophic. The combination of phytoplankton and benthic diatom can be used as bio-indicators of water quality in the Kok River and other freshwater ecosystems.
The potential of cellulose-degrading fungi at various peat maturities in Teluk Bakung Peat Area, Kubu Raya District, Indonesia
Authors: Khotimah Siti , Suharjono Suharjono , Ardyati Tri , Nuraini Yulia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Khotimah S, Suharjono, Ardyati T, Nuraini Y. 2021. The potential of cellulose-degrading fungi at various peat maturities in Teluk Bakung Peat Area, Kubu Raya District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1981-1990. Fungi play important roles in degrading cellulose in the maturation process of peat. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of cellulose-degrading fungi at various peat maturities in the forest. Peat soil samples were collected from Teluk Bakung Village, Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan using a random sampling method. Peat soil samples were obtained at six sampling sites in forests and palm oil plantations. The fungi were cultured by the pour plate method on 1% CMC media. The cellulose-degrading fungi were determined based on a clear zone formation around the colony in CMC agar media. The cellulolytic fungal population in the fibric, hemic, and sapric peats of the secondary forest were 3.2 × 103, 4.6 × 103, and 5.6 × 103 CFU/g, respectively, whereas at fibric, hemic, and sapric of the shrubs were 5.6 x 104, 3.9 × 105 and 4.7 × 104 CFU/g, respectively. Among the 25 cellulolytic fungal isolates, 5 isolates (HS1.5, HS3.4.1, HB2.2, SS2.4.1, and SB2.5.1) showed high average clear zone diameter (21-28 mm). The HS3.4.1 and HS1.5 isolates had cellulase enzyme activity of 132.16 and 127.3 U/mL, respectively. These isolates can grow and degrade cellulose at 30°C to 35°C and pH of 2, 3, 4, and 5. The HS3.4.1 and HS1.5 isolate were closely related to Penicillium citrinum based on the phylogenetic tree analysis.
Seasonal dynamics and spatial distribution of lepidopterans in selected locations in Mordovia, Russia
Authors: RUCHIN ALEXANDER B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Ruchin AB. 2021. Seasonal dynamics and spatial distribution of lepidopterans in selected locations in Mordovia, Russia. Biodiversitas 22: 2569-2575. The research was conducted in 2019-2020 in the Republic of Mordovia (European part of Russia). In order to collect Lepidoptera, beer traps were used where beer served as bait. The field surveys were carried out from April to October in various forest habitats. The air temperature was recorded. To elucidate the spatial distribution of Lepidoptera, various habitats were examined in two study plots. In total, more than 23 thousand Lepidoptera specimens were examined. The largest number of Lepidoptera was collected in oak forests in contrast to the four other forest habitats. In all habitats, population dynamics were similar and characterized by the same trends of decrease and increase. During the season, there were three peaks of abundance for this group. A moderate first peak was recorded in the second half of May, while the maximum peak occurred in the first half of July. Autumn population peaks depend on temperature, while spring and summer peaks are associated with the flight of imagos and an increase in the lepidopteran abundance in habitats. In open habitats, the abundance of Lepidoptera was lower. On forest edges, the number of Lepidoptera considerably exceeded one in open habitats (river sandbanks, willow thickets, forest glades, and floodplain meadows) and closed habitats (inside the forests). Forest edges are a hotspot of Lepidoptera abundance and biodiversity in forest habitats. According to the vertical gradient, the number of lepidopterans was higher at the height of 7.5 m than at the height of 1.5 m. At the lower height, the number of Lepidoptera did not vary as considerably as at higher heights
Phylogenetic positions of three Amorphophallus species natively growing in the Meratus Mountains, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Mursyidin Dindin Hidayatul , Hernanda Muhammad Aldy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Mursyidin DH, Hernanda MA. 2021. Phylogenetic positions of three Amorphophallus species natively growing in the Meratus Mountains, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2821-2828. Information on genetic diversity and relationships (phylogenetic position) of germplasm is essential for conservation and breeding programs in the future. Here, we focused on determining the genetic diversity and phylogenetic positions of three native Amorphophallus species from the Meratus Mountains, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, using the rbcL marker. The results show that this germplasm has a medium level of genetic diversity (0.63). The phylogenetic analyses (NJ, ML, and MP) revealed that Amorphophallus from the region has a unique or specific relationship position. In this case, A. muelleri with an accession number of MT818204 and MT818205 are grouping and have close relatedness with A. muelleri previously deposited in GenBank (AF497087.1). Three samples of A. paeoniifolius (MT818202, MT818203, and MT818206) have also clustered with the same species (DQ012500.1; AF497091.1). An interesting result was shown by A. borneensis (MT818211) that demonstrated a close relationship with A. tinekeae (DQ012505.1) in NJ and ML analyses, not with a similar species (DQ012484.1) in MP analysis. Further, a bootstrap analysis on an earlier analysis supported the separation. Thus, this information is valuable in supporting the conservation and breeding programs of this germplasm, both locally and globally.
Resistance status and physiological activity test of Spenochlea zeylanica and Ludwigia octovalvis in paddy field to 2,4-D and metsulfuron-methyl herbicides
Authors: RAHMADI RIZKY , SRIYANI NANIK , YUSNITA YUSNITA , PUJISISWANTO HIDAYAT , HAPSORO DWI 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Rahmadi R, Sriyani N, Yusnita, Pujisiswanto H, Hapsoro D. 2021. Resistance status and physiological activity test of Spenochlea zeylanica and Ludwigia octovalvis in paddy field to 2,4-D and metsulfuron-methyl herbicides. Biodiversitas 22: 2829-2838. Spenochlea zeylanica and Ludwigia octovalvis are dominant in Trimurjo paddy fields in Central Lampung Regency, Lampung, Indonesia and difficult to control with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and metsulfuron-methyl herbicides that had been used for more than 12 years. This study aims to determine the resistance status of S. zeylanica and L. octovalvis and physiological activity in resistance and susceptible of both weeds species exposed to 2,4-D and metsulfuron-methyl herbicides. The study was conducted from August to December 2019 in the Greenhouse Botanical Garden of Sumatra Institute of Technology. The study used a split-plot design, the origin of weed species as the main plot and herbicide dose as the subplot. S. zeylanica exposed has low-level resistance to 2,4-D and metsulfuron-methyl herbicides with resistance Index (RI) of 2.19 and 2.87, respectively. L. octovalvis exposed was still classified as susceptible to 2,4-D and metsulfuron-methyl herbicides with RI of 1.00 and 1.59, respectively. The physiological activities (carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate) of S. zeylanica resistant to 2,4-D and metsulfuron-methyl herbicides is higher than S. zeylanica susceptible 2,4-D and metsulfuron-methyl herbicides
Significance of Bloch impedance over wave impedance in photonic crystal waveguides
Authors: Prakash Chandra , Sen Mrinal 
Published: May 2021

The impedance of a medium carrying electromagnetic waves had been one of the important metrics for designing devices. However, the conclusions of wave impedance in periodic media like photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides fail to describe different wave propagation phenomena. Instead, Bloch impedance fits more appropriately in such a case. However, the existing definition of Bloch impedance by Boscolo et al. [J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 304 (2002)JLTEDG0733-872410.1109/50.983245] is also unable to encounter some typical characteristics of wave propagation. This work brings out these discrepancies by providing a detailed comparison between the wave impedance, and the said Bloch impedance in rods-in-air-type and holes-in-dielectric-type PhC (hole-type) structures. The theoretical analysis shows that the nature of wave propagation in a rods-in-air-type PhC waveguide can be successfully described by this Bloch impedance in the whole band, whereas the wave impedance fails in it at and beyond the point of transition (from positive to negative) in group velocity. Conversely, this Bloch impedance is unable to characterize the wave propagation at the point of transition in group velocity within a hole-type PhC. Thereby, a procedural change in the calculation of Bloch impedance is proposed, and the supremacy of this proposed calculation over existing ones has been established for both the types of PhC waveguides. Moreover, the unexplored odd mode of the hole-type PhC waveguide has also been examined along with its even band in order to signify the importance of Bloch impedance over wave impedance.
Monodisperse and size-tunable high-quality factor microsphere biolasers
Authors: Nguyen Toan Van , Nguyen Trung Duc , Pham Nhat Van , Nguyen Tien-Anh , Ta Duong Van 
Published: May 2021

Microsphere biolasers have attracted a great deal of interest due to their potential for biosensing and cell tracking. Here we demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, microfluidic-based fabrication of nearly monodisperse dye-doped protein microsphere biolasers with a tunable size from 150 to 50 µm. In particular, for an 85 µm-bead, about 70% of the fabricated microspheres have the same size of 85 µm. Under optical pumping, the fabricated microspheres emit whispering gallery mode lasing emission with a lasing threshold of

7

µ

J

m
m

−
2

and quality (

Q

) factor up to 3000. Interestingly, microspheres with the same size exhibit a similar lasing threshold and spectrum. The result indicates a high reproducibility of microsphere biolasers by the microfluidic-based fabrication technique. This Letter provides an effective method for mass production of high-

Q

factor microsphere biolasers which is a significant step toward real biosensing and medical applications.
Acceptability of daily pre-exposure prophylaxis among adolescent men who have sex with men, travestis and transgender women in Brazil: A qualitative study
Authors: Zucchi Eliana Miura , Couto Marcia Thereza , Castellanos Marcelo , Dumont-Pena Érica , Ferraz Dulce , Félix Pinheiro Thiago , Grangeiro Alexandre , da Silva Luís Augusto Vasconcelos , Dourado Inês , Pedrana Leo , Santos Fernanda Soares de Resende , Magno Laio 
Published: May 2021

Background
Adolescents face socio-structural, personal and programmatic barriers to HIV prevention services, highlighting the importance of understanding knowledge and acceptability as essential aspects to promote their broader access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We analyzed the acceptability of PrEP among adolescent men who have sex with men (MSM), travestis and transgender women (TGW).

Methods
A qualitative investigation was conducted as part of the formative research of the PrEP15-19 study, an ongoing demonstration study that analyzes the effectiveness of daily PrEP among adolescent MSM, travestis and TGW aged 15–19 in three Brazilian cities. A total of 37 semi-structured interviews and 6 focus groups were conducted. Building from thematic analysis focusing on participants’ sexual encounters, perceptions about PrEP efficacy, and vulnerability contexts, we analyzed prospective acceptability of PrEP.

Findings
Knowledge about PrEP was incipient and characterized by adolescents’ frequent doubts about its prescription and efficacy. The ‘ideal’ use of PrEP appeared together with consistent condom use, especially in casual sex. PrEP use was also mentioned as depending on increased learning about prevention management over time. Main barriers to PrEP use included the incorporation of a daily medication into participants’ routine and its impact on their social lives, especially related to stigma. Concerns over short- and long-term side effects were also reported as barriers to PrEP use. TGW and travestis contrasted using PrEP with the precarity of their life conditions, and some expressed a critical vision about PrEP by associating it with pharmaceuticalization and trans necropolitics.

Conclusions
Participants’ low knowledge and acceptability of PrEP are circumscribed by a rigid perception of condom as the ideal prevention method and the context of their sexual relations. Prospective acceptability highlights that the successful uptake of PrEP depends on overcoming barriers of access to health services and confronting transphobia and homophobia as part of care.
Regimen simplification and medication adherence: Fixed-dose versus loose-dose combination therapy for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Böhm Anna-Katharina , Schneider Udo , Aberle Jens , Stargardt Tom 
Published: May 2021

Background
Suboptimal patient adherence to pharmacological therapy of type 2 diabetes may be due in part to pill burden. One way to reduce pill burden in patients who need multiple medications is to use fixed-dose combinations. Our study aimed to compare the effects of fixed-dose combination versus loose-dose combination therapy on medication adherence and persistence, health care utilization, therapeutic safety, morbidities, and treatment modification in patients with type 2 diabetes over three years.

Methods
Using administrative data, we conducted a retrospective controlled cohort study comparing type 2 diabetes patients who switched from monotherapy to either a fixed-dose combination or a loose-dose combination. Adherence was assessed as the primary endpoint and calculated as the proportion of days covered with medication. After using entropy balancing to eliminate differences in observable baseline characteristics between the two groups, we applied difference-in-difference estimators for each outcome to account for time-invariant unobservable heterogeneity.

Results
Of the 990 type 2 diabetes patients included in our analysis, 756 were taking a fixed-dose combination and 234 were taking a loose-dose combination. We observed a statistically significantly higher change in adherence (year one: 0.22, p<0.001, year two: 0.25, p<0.001, and year three: 0.29, p<0.001) as well as higher persistence and a smaller change in the number of drug prescriptions in each of the three years in the fixed-dose combination group compared to the loose-dose combination group. The differences were most pronounced in patients who were poorly adherent, had a high pill burden, or did not have a severe concomitant disease.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that taking a fixed-dose combination can lead to a significant improvement in adherence to pharmacological therapy of type 2 diabetes compared to a loose-dose combination. In particular, these findings suggest that reducing pill burden may improve disease management among patients with more complex medication demand and patients who have demonstrated poor medication adherence.
High rate of critical coronary stenosis in comatose patients with Non-ST-elevation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (NSTE-OHCA) undergoing therapeutic hypothermia—Experience from the HAnnover COoling REgistry (HACORE)
Authors: Garcheva Vera , Akin Muharrem , Adel John , Sanchez Martinez Carolina , Bauersachs Johann , Schäfer Andreas 
Published: May 2021

Background
Myocardial infarction is the most frequent cause for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in adults. Patients with ST-segment elevations (STE) following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) are regularly admitted to the catheterisation laboratory for urgent coronary angiography. Whether patients without obvious STE (NSTE) should receive coronary angiography as part of a standardised diagnostic work-up following OHCA is still debated.

Methods
We analysed a cohort of 517 subsequent OHCA patients admitted at our institution who received a standardised diagnostic work-up including coronary angiography and therapeutic hypothermia. Patients were 63±14 years old, 76% were male. Overall, 180 (35%) had ST-elevation in the post-ROSC ECG, 317 (61%) had shockable rhythm (ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia) at first ECG. ROSC was achieved after 26±21 minutes.

Results
Critical coronary stenosis requiring PCI was present in 83% of shockable and 87% of non-shockable STE-OHCA and in 48% of shockable and 22% of non-shockable NSTE-OHCA patients. In-hospital survival was 61% in shockable and 55% in non-shockable STE-OHCA and 60% in shockable and 28% in non-shockable NSTE-OHCA.

Conclusion
Standardised admission diagnostics in OHCA patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia with a strict admission protocol incorporating ECG and coronary catheterisation shows a high rate of relevant coronary stenosis in STE-OHCA irrespective of the initial rhythm and in NSTE-OHCA with initial shockable rhythm. Based on the unfavourable outcome and low PCI rate observed in NSTE-OHCA patients with a primary non-shockable ECG rhythm it might be reasonable to restrict routine early coronary angiography to patients with primary shockable rhythms and/or ST-segment elevations after ROSC.
MULHERES NA ASSEMBLEIA LEGISLATIVA DA BAHIA NO PÓS-1988
Authors: Silva Teixeira Erica , Zaidan de Carvalho Alexandre Douglas 
Published: May 2021

RESUMOO presente trabalho se propõe a analisar, sob a perspectiva da garantia constitucional da igualdade de gênero, a participação das mulheres na Assembleia Legislativa do Estado da Bahia - ALBA. Através de uma abordagem empírica fundada no levantamento quantitativo dos mandatos parlamentares exercidos por mulheres em cada legislatura da ALBA após 1988, pretende-se demonstrar como a participação feminina naquela instituição representativa ainda é incipiente e enfrenta uma série de obstáculos. Tal constatação confirma algumas das hipóteses da literatura feminista sobre gênero e política e também da teoria democrática contemporânea sobre a baixa representatividade feminina nos órgãos legislativos. Ao final, apresentam-se indicativos a serem avaliados como alternativas inclusivas enquanto as estruturas partidárias não conseguem promover maior equilíbrio de gênero na representação política. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Igualdade de gênero; Democracia; Representatividade Política Feminina. ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the female political representation in the Legislative Assembly in the State of Bahia - ALBA, under a perspective of the constitutional guarantee of gender equality. Through an empirical approach stablished in a quantitative research on parliamentary mandates from women in each legislature since 1988 it is intended to show how female participation in that institution is still incipient and faces several obstacles. The evidence confirms some of the hypotheses of feminist literature on gender and politics and also from contemporary democratic theory on low female representation in legislative bodies. In the end, there are suggestions to be evaluated as inclusive alternatives as long as party structures cannot promote greater gender balance in political representation. KEY WORDS: Gender equality; Democracy; Female Political Representation.