bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting completion of clinical trials in pregnant women: Cox proportional hazard and neural network models
Authors: Kim Bomee , Jang Yun Ji , Cho Hae Ram , Kim So Yeon , Jeong Ji Eun , Shim Mi Kyoung , Kim Myeong Gyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a model for predicting the completion of clinical trials involving pregnant women using the Cox proportional hazard model and neural network model (DeepSurv) and to compare the predictive performance of both methods. We collected data on 819 clinical trials performed on pregnant women and intervention studies using at least one drug as intervention from 2009 to 2018 from ClinicalTrials.gov. The Cox proportional hazard model and DeepSurv were used to develop models that predict clinical trial completion. The concordance index (C‐index) was used to evaluate the predictive performance. The Cox proportional hazard model revealed that a sample size of n ≥ 329 (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.53), very high human development index (HDI) country (HR = 0.28), abortion (HR = 3.30), labor (HR = 2.16), and iron deficiency anemia (HR = 2.29) were significantly related to the probability of clinical trial completion (all p value < 0.01). The C‐index of the model development dataset and test dataset were 0.72 and 0.73, respectively. DeepSurv model consisted of one hidden layer with 16 nodes. DeepSurv showed the C‐index comparable to the Cox proportional hazard model. The C‐index of the training dataset and test dataset were 0.76 and 0.72, respectively. Further a nomogram that calculate a probability of clinical trial completion at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years was developed. Both the Cox proportional hazard model and DeepSurv yielded sufficient predicting performance. We hope that this study will contribute to the execution of future clinical trials in pregnant women.
Crime and safety in urban public spaces: Experiences of Ghanaian women traders in the Makola market in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Wrigley‐Asante Charlotte , Owusu George , Amu Jane B. , Commodore Tracy S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough traditional markets and women traders in West African cities have long attracted the attention of scholars, limited studies exist on women’s experiences of crime and safety issues in this economic space that they dominate. This paper contributes to the growing geographical scholarship on gender and crime from the Ghanaian perspective as a result of the increasing urbanisation process that has raised concerns about crime and safety among urban dwellers. Using in‐depth interviews, the paper explores the experiences of three categories of Ghanaian women traders in a traditional urban market, Makola, in Accra, Ghana’s capital city. Theft cases appeared to be the most common criminal activity that women traders experience and this results in significant economic, social, psychological, and emotional effects on the lives of the women, with the most vulnerable being those who do not have enough resources to secure their livelihoods. We recommend that city authorities, the police, and other stakeholders support the efforts of these women traders through gender‐sensitive and equitable approaches to improve security in market spaces because market trade contributes significantly to city and national socio‐economic development.
Relationship between orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) dominance and the soil chemical characteristics of nonallophanic Andosol under cutting and cattle grazing
Authors: Kakihara Hidetoshi , Ogura Shin‐ichiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoil acidity affects botanical compositions and pasture production, but the relationship between orchardgrass persistence and the soil nutrients in acidic soils with different management methods is understudied in production fields. Here, using exchangeable acidity (y1) as an indicator of exchangeable aluminum (Al), we conducted a survey to investigate the relationship between orchardgrass dominance and the soil characteristics in sown pastures under different management practices. The botanical composition and soil chemical conditions were investigated in six orchardgrass–tall fescue mixed pastures (two cutting meadows and four cattle grazing pastures) from June 18 to July 17, 2018. Six‐ and three‐line transects were fixed in each meadow or pasture, respectively, and five measurement locations were set along each transect at 10‐m intervals. Each location had three square plots (20 × 20 cm) for the vegetation survey and three consecutive soil sampling plots (4‐cm diameter) adjacent to the middle square plot. The dominant plant species in each plot was recorded, and soil samples were collected at 0‐ to 5‐cm depth to measure y1 and major soil nutrients. The y1 ranged from 3.55 to 25.83 in the cutting meadows, which was wider than in the grazing pastures (1.85–16.29). In the cutting meadows, the dominance frequency of orchardgrass increased with the rise in y1, whereas that of tall fescue decreased in cutting meadows. No significant relationship was found between dominance frequencies and y1 in the grazing pastures. Although concentration of some soil nutrients varied with y1, these nutrients were not related to the dominance frequencies of orchardgrass for either management strategy. These results suggest that orchardgrass declines are prevented at high exchangeable Al sites by the non‐establishment of less Al‐tolerant plant species under cutting conditions.
Predictive role of endothelial cell activation in cytokine release syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Hong Fei , Shi Ming , Cao Jiang , Wang Ying , Gong Yanqing , Gao Hui , Li Zhenyu , Zheng Junnian , Zeng Lingyu , He Aili , Xu Kailin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCD19‐target chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy is highly effective for relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), but is often complicated by cytokine release syndrome (CRS), which is potentially life‐threatening. Endothelial cells are the core regulator of CRS in many infectious diseases and may also play a key role after CAR‐T cell therapy. We provided a detailed clinical, laboratory description and endothelial cell activation biomarkers in patients with CRS. Endothelial cell activation was associated with occurrence, development and severity of CRS, manifested by decreased serum angiopoietin (Ang)‐1 levels and increased levels of von Willebrand Factor (VWF), Ang‐2, Ang‐2:Ang‐1, sE‐selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM‐1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM)‐1. Besides, the endothelial activation was correlated with the hepatic, kidney and hematopoietic dysfunction in CRS patients. After infusion of CAR‐T cells, we detected changes of endothelial activation‐related biomarkers within 36 hours in patients who subsequently developed CRS, especially severe CRS. Using top tree models, we could predict which patients would develop CRS, especially severe CRS, or identify the severity of CRS by certain biomarkers of endothelial activation. These data provide a new idea and will help identify new targets for early intervention and prevention of CRS.
Meteorite terrestrial ages in Oman based on gamma spectrometry and sediment dating, focusing on the Ramlat Fasad dense collection area
Authors: Rosén Åke V. , Hofmann Beda A. , Preusser Frank , Gnos Edwin , Eggenberger Urs , Schumann Marc , Szidat Sönke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe combine the search for young meteorites in the Omani‐Swiss collection (˜1140 fall events collected 2001–2018) using 22Na and 44Ti with luminescence and 14C sediment ages from the Ramlat Fasad (RaF) dense collection area (DCA) of Oman to obtain combined terrestrial ages and maximum accumulation times, and test whether the proportion of young meteorites is consistent with the models of meteorite flux and weathering. Gamma‐ray spectrometry data for 22Na show that two (0.17%) of the meteorites in the collection fell during the 20 yr preceding this study, consistent with the rates of meteorite accumulation. In the RaF DCA, meteorites are found on Quaternary to Neogene sediments, providing constraints for their maximum terrestrial ages. 44Ti activities of the RaF 032 L6 strewn field found on deflated parts of active dunes indicate an age of 0.2–0.3 ka while dune sand optically stimulated luminescence ages constrain an upper age of 1.6 ka. Extensive sediment dating using luminescence methods in the RaF DCA area showed that all other meteorite finds were made on significantly older sediments (>10 ka). Dense accumulations of meteorites in RaF are found on blowouts of the Pliocene Marsawdad formation. Our combined results show that the proportion of meteorites with low terrestrial ages is low compared to other find areas, consistent with the previously determined high average terrestrial age Oman meteorites and significantly older than suggested by models of exponential decay. Oman meteorites may commonly have been buried within dunes and soils over extended periods, acting as a temporary protection against erosion.
Intimate partner violence and growth outcomes through infancy: A longitudinal investigation of multiple mediators in a South African birth cohort
Authors: Barnett Whitney , Nhapi Raymond , Zar Heather J. , Halligan Sarah L. , Pellowski Jennifer , Donald Kirsten A. , Stein Dan J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV) has been linked to poor fetal and infant growth. However, factors underlying this relationship are not well understood, particularly in the postnatal time period. In a South African cohort, we investigated (1) associations between IPV in pregnancy and growth at birth as well as postnatal IPV and child growth at 12 months and (2) whether maternal depression, tobacco or alcohol use or infant hospitalizations mediated IPV‐growth relationships. Mothers were enrolled in pregnancy. Maternal IPV was measured during pregnancy and 10 weeks postpartum; depression, alcohol and tobacco use were measured during pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. Child weight and length were measured at birth and 12 months and converted to z‐scores for analysis. Linear regression and structural equation models investigated interrelationships between IPV and potential mediators of IPV‐growth relationships. At birth, among 1,111 mother–infant pairs, maternal emotional and physical IPV were associated with reduced weight‐for‐age z‐scores (WFAZ). Only physical IPV was associated with length‐for‐age z‐scores (LFAZ) at birth. Antenatal maternal alcohol and tobacco use mediated IPV‐growth relationships at birth. Postnatally, among 783 mother–infant pairs, emotional and physical IPV were associated with reduced WFAZ at 12 months. Only emotional IPV was associated with LFAZ at 12 months. Maternal tobacco use was a mediator postnatally. Findings highlight the role of physical and emotional IPV as risk factors for compromised fetal and infant growth. Findings underscore the importance of programmes to address interrelated risk factors for compromised infant growth, specifically IPV and substance use, which are prevalent in high‐risk settings.
Clinical analysis of the therapeutic effect of plasma exchange on hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis: A retrospective study
Authors: Lin Yongxu , Yu Shufang , Wu Xiaofan , Huang Letong , Huang Simei , Huang Yongzhu , Ding Jian , Li Dan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe therapeutic effect of plasma exchange (PE) on hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis (HTGAP) is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore this therapeutic effect.Study design and methodsThis study included 204 patients with HTGAP who underwent treatment at two provincial tertiary grade A hospitals in Fujian Province from October 2012 to May 2021. Patients were divided into a conventional group and a PE group. The Student's t‐test and chi‐square test were used for data analysis.ResultsAmong 204 patients, 56 and 148 were included in the PE and conventional groups, respectively. After propensity score matching (PSM), the PE and conventional groups each had 42 patients. There was no significant difference in age; sex; pregnancy; comorbidities; laboratory findings; incidences of complications, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS); organ support treatment; surgical rate; mortality; and hospital stay between the groups (p > 0.05). The total expenses were significantly higher in the PE group than in the conventional group (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the times of PE; total volume of PE; incidences of complications, and MODS; organ support treatment; surgical rate; mortality; and hospital stay between the early PE and delayed PE groups (p > 0.05). All patients in the PE group and conventional group with acute renal failure had significantly higher D‐dimer levels than those without acute renal failure (p < 0.05).DiscussionCompared with conventional treatment, PE does not have a better therapeutic effect on HTGAP. The D‐dimer level can predict whether patients with HTGAP will have acute renal failure.
Steenrod operators, the Coulomb branch and the Frobenius twist
Authors: Lonergan Gus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe observe a fundamental relationship between Steenrod operations and the Artin–Schreier morphism. We use Steenrod's construction, together with some new geometry related to the affine Grassmannian, to prove that the quantum Coulomb branch is a Frobenius-constant quantization. We also demonstrate the corresponding result for the $K$-theoretic version of the quantum Coulomb branch. At the end of the paper, we investigate what our ideas produce on the categorical level. We find that they yield, after a little fiddling, a construction which corresponds, under the geometric Satake equivalence, to the Frobenius twist functor for representations of the Langlands dual group. We also describe the unfiddled answer, conditional on a conjectural ‘modular derived Satake’, and, though it is more complicated to state, it is in our opinion just as neat and even more compelling.
Boundaries Definition for Modeling Transients in Oil Terminals
Authors: Vargas Molina Wilfredo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Terminals are an integral part of transmission pipelines that can operate in different modes. The two most common modes are single injection and single delivery. Because pressure waves generated after accidental valve closures, pump trips, or others can travel many miles in a few seconds, it is a current practice to simulate the whole mainline to the next pump station, upstream or downstream, due to the lack of a standard method to identify boundaries.
This paper proposes a method to define the minimum modeling boundary. This boundary is especially useful when the available data is limited, when multiple suppliers / pipeline owners are connected to a terminal, when advanced simulation software or powerful computers are not available, or when the goal is to avoid unnecessary, complex labor-intensive simulations.
The technique consists of identifying a boundary located far enough in the mainline so that pressure waves do not interfere with the development of pressure surges after transient events in the facility piping or in a segment of a pipeline that has the weakest pipe.
This straightforward method is supported by concepts published by well-known authorities in the transient hydraulics field and tested with available pipeline simulation software.
After reading this paper, the reader will be able to answer these questions:
• How much data do I need?
• How many permutations?
• What info is critical for this method?
• Where is the boundary?
• What causes a wrong selection?
In summary, the hydraulic engineer will be able to shorten the current boundary to small fractions: up to 1/25 in the case of injection facilities and up to 2/25 in the case of delivery facilities. As well, readers will confirm that the hydraulic conditions in the mainlines beyond these boundaries don’t have any effect on the facilities’ piping due to transient events such as accidental valve closures or pumps trips, the most common initiators of large pressure surges.
Maximizing Efficiencies and De-Risking a Flare-to-Fuel Technology
Authors: Lagutchik Stephen , Ramos-Gomez Martha , Martin Paul , Kennon Terry 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Technology qualification is a vital process for de-risking new technologies. This paper provides an overview of a recent technology qualification for a system which converts the normally burned and wasted energy in flare gas into a usable fuel for various applications (flare-to-fuel), thereby reducing the need for other high emissions fuels and providing decarbonization benefits to the end user and the environment. The scope of the qualification process followed a risk-based approach that included the review of technical documents, a technical workshop to identify novel technology aspects and potential threats, and a list of mitigation actions summarized in a Technology Qualification Plan. After successful completion of this first phase of the technology qualification process, according to DNV-RP-A203 [1], DNV issued a Statement of Endorsement of the Qualification Plan.
Evolution of mafic lavas in Central Anatolia: Mantle source domains
Authors: Furman Tanya , Hanan Barry B. , Sjoblom Megan Pickard , Kürkcüoğlu Biltan , Sayit Kaan , Şen Erdal , Şen Pinar Alıcı , Yürür Tekin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present new Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic data on mafic lavas from the Sivas, Develidağ, Erciyes, and Erkilet volcanic complexes in central Turkey and Tendürek in eastern Turkey to evaluate the mantle sources for volcanism in the context of the geodynamic evolution of the Anatolian microplate. Early Miocene through Quaternary volcanism in Western Anatolia and latest Miocene through Quaternary activity in Central Anatolia were dominated by contributions from two distinct source regions: heterogeneous metasomatized or subduction-modified lithosphere, and roughly homogeneous sublithospheric ambient upper mantle; we model the source contributions through mixing between three end members. The sublithospheric mantle source plots close to the Northern Hemisphere reference line (NHRL) with radiogenic 206Pb/204Pb of ∼19.15, while the other contributions plot substantially above the NHRL in Pb isotope space. The lithospheric source is heterogeneous, resulting from variable pollution by subduction-related processes likely including direct incorporation of sediment and/or mélange; its range in radiogenic isotopes is defined by regional oceanic sediment and ultrapotassic melts of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The geochemical impact of this contribution is disproportionately large, given that subduction-modified lithosphere and/or ocean sediment dominates the Pb isotope signatures of mafic Anatolian lavas. Subduction of the Aegean or Tethyan seafloor, associated with marked crustal shortening, took place throughout the region until ca. 16–17 Ma, after which time broad delamination of the thickened lower crust and/or the Tethyan slab beneath Central Anatolia allowed for sediment and/or mélange and slab-derived fluids to be released into the overlying evolving modified mantle. Aggregation of melts derived from both mantle and lithospheric domains was made possible by upwelling of warm asthenospheric material moving around and through the complexly torn younger Aegean-Cyprean slab that dips steeply to the north beneath southern Anatolia.
Effects of covid-19 pandemic on life expectancy and premature mortality in 2020: time series analysis in 37 countries
Authors: Islam Nazrul , Jdanov Dmitri A , Shkolnikov Vladimir M , Khunti Kamlesh , Kawachi Ichiro , White Martin , Lewington Sarah , Lacey Ben 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the changes in life expectancy and years of life lost in 2020 associated with the covid-19 pandemic.DesignTime series analysis.Setting37 upper-middle and high income countries or regions with reliable and complete mortality data.ParticipantsAnnual all cause mortality data from the Human Mortality Database for 2005-20, harmonised and disaggregated by age and sex.Main outcome measuresReduction in life expectancy was estimated as the difference between observed and expected life expectancy in 2020 using the Lee-Carter model. Excess years of life lost were estimated as the difference between the observed and expected years of life lost in 2020 using the World Health Organization standard life table.ResultsReduction in life expectancy in men and women was observed in all the countries studied except New Zealand, Taiwan, and Norway, where there was a gain in life expectancy in 2020. No evidence was found of a change in life expectancy in Denmark, Iceland, and South Korea. The highest reduction in life expectancy was observed in Russia (men: −2.33, 95% confidence interval −2.50 to −2.17; women: −2.14, −2.25 to −2.03), the United States (men: −2.27, −2.39 to −2.15; women: −1.61, −1.70 to −1.51), Bulgaria (men: −1.96, −2.11 to −1.81; women: −1.37, −1.74 to −1.01), Lithuania (men: −1.83, −2.07 to −1.59; women: −1.21, −1.36 to −1.05), Chile (men: −1.64, −1.97 to −1.32; women: −0.88, −1.28 to −0.50), and Spain (men: −1.35, −1.53 to −1.18; women: −1.13, −1.37 to −0.90). Years of life lost in 2020 were higher than expected in all countries except Taiwan, New Zealand, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, and South Korea. In the remaining 31 countries, more than 222 million years of life were lost in 2020, which is 28.1 million (95% confidence interval 26.8m to 29.5m) years of life lost more than expected (17.3 million (16.8m to 17.8m) in men and 10.8 million (10.4m to 11.3m) in women). The highest excess years of life lost per 100 000 population were observed in Bulgaria (men: 7260, 95% confidence interval 6820 to 7710; women: 3730, 2740 to 4730), Russia (men: 7020, 6550 to 7480; women: 4760, 4530 to 4990), Lithuania (men: 5430, 4750 to 6070; women: 2640, 2310 to 2980), the US (men: 4350, 4170 to 4530; women: 2430, 2320 to 2550), Poland (men: 3830, 3540 to 4120; women: 1830, 1630 to 2040), and Hungary (men: 2770, 2490 to 3040; women: 1920, 1590 to 2240). The excess years of life lost were relatively low in people younger than 65 years, except in Russia, Bulgaria, Lithuania, and the US where the excess years of life lost was >2000 per 100 000.ConclusionMore than 28 million excess years of life were lost in 2020 in 31 countries, with a higher rate in men than women. Excess years of life lost associated with the covid-19 pandemic in 2020 were more than five times higher than those associated with the seasonal influenza epidemic in 2015.