bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FATORES ASSOCIADOS À CONDIÇÃO DE ACAMADO EM IDOSOS DOMICILIADOS
Authors: Grden Clóris Regina Blanski , Loiola Ana Flávia Lourenço , Bordin Daniele , Ivastcheschen Taís , Cabral Luciane Patrícia Andreani , Krum Everson Augusto 
Published: March 2021

Introdução: o acelerado envelhecimento da população acarreta desafios aos sistemas de saúde, uma vez que os idosos apresentam elevada prevalência de doenças crônicas, as quais podem evoluir para declínio da capacidade funcional e cognitiva. Nesta conjuntura, espera-se o aumento de idosos na condição de acamados e com elevado grau de dependência. Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados à condição de acamado entre idosos brasileiros. Métodos: estudo transversal, com dados secundários provenientes de inquérito base populacional nacional, com idosos (n=11.177). A pesquisa foi de base domiciliar por meio de amostragem probabilística por conglomerados em três estágios, sendo o conjunto de setores censitários as unidades primárias de amostragem, os domicílios as unidades secundárias e moradores maiores de idade selecionados, as unidades terciárias A condição de acamado foi considerada variável dependente e as características sociodemográficas e condições de saúde como independentes. Para análise empregou-se o teste de regressão logística. Resultados: verificou-se que 4,9% dos idosos eram acamados e que esta condição mostrou-se associada ao analfabetismo (OR=1,38), quantidade de doenças crônicas, episódio de acidente vascular encefálico (OR=1,46), diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (OR=1,49), alterações nos níveis de colesterol (OR=1,45), precisar de algum atendimento relacionado a própria saúde (OR=4,22), internamento (OR=3,06) e atendimento emergencial no domicílio nos últimos 12 meses (OR=1,76). Conclusão: o estudo permitiu identificar importantes fatores associados à condição acamado de idosos brasileiros com destaque para as variáveis clínicas. Os achados poderão subsidiar o planejamento dos cuidados gerontológicos voltados às necessidades específicas desse segmento etário.
An Inextricable Link of Nature, Culture, and Education: An Overview in Nepal
Authors: Gurung Gem Prasad , Shrestha Suman Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Nature, culture, and education are interrelated to each other to maintain the beauty, peace, and habitability of the earth planet for all living creatures. But it&rsquo;s being a hidden subject in concerned authorities. Nepal is rich in natural biodiversity as well as cultural diversity. Education is the main medium to handover the (cultural) knowledge of nature conservation to their generation. Hence this study aims to explore the deep relationship between nature (environment), culture, and education.
As per the nature of research objectives, qualitative research methodology has been adopted. The reviewed literature is related to the world&#39;s perspectives and practices to maintain interrelation among nature, culture, and education. Hence, this study can contribute to making people aware of environmental conservation by exploring the relationship of our nature, human culture, and education. From the study, all the concerned environmental justice communities, agencies, and institutions would endeavour to link their particular significant roles for nature conservation.
Regulatory T Cells in the Mosaic of Liver Transplantation Tolerance
Authors: Terzieva Velislava , Uzunova Yordanka , Gornev Radosvet , Spassov Lubomir 
Published: March 2021

The success of transplantation depends on multiple factors, but the establishment of immune tolerant milieu is of critical importance. Hepatic environment consists of different cellular populations with prominent capacity to tolerate a huge range of antigens. Among them, regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role. They control the strength of immune reactions against non-self antigens and were shown to have an impact on the establishment of immune tolerance in the post-transplantation period. Furthermore, they impact a particular state after transplantation – operational tolerance. The abundant data show that Tregs might be manipulated, which suggests their further implementation as a treatment strategy. Tregs are also a very attractive target as a biomarker in the monitoring of post-transplantation period. Here, we review the particular role of Tregs among the broad spectrum of immune tolerance mechanisms of the liver in the light of the current directions of medical research.
Association of Medication Regimen Complexity With Clinical Endpoints in Pediatric Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Tjugum Shelby L. , Hansen B. Kyle , McKinzie Cameron J. 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVECystic fibrosis (CF) patients and caregivers are impacted by the number of pharmacological agents and unique administration needs; however, no data currently assesses how medication regimen complexity impacts clinical outcomes in this population. The objective of this study is to evaluate if an association exists between increased medication regimen complexity and clinical endpoints in pediatric patients with CF.METHODSThis retrospective analysis included all pediatric patients with CF (ages 5–20 years) with at least 2 pharmacist encounters and acceptable pulmonary function tests at our pediatric pulmonary clinic during 2017. Each patient's medication regimen was scored using the validated Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI) tool. The primary outcome was the correlation between MRCI score and lung function. Secondary endpoints included growth, number of infections requiring antibiotics, and hospitalizations.RESULTSMRCI scores of the 113 included patients ranged from 2 to 101 points. A negative correlation was found between initial and final MRCI score and initial and final forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1; r = −0.323, p = 0.0005 and r = −0.287, p = 0.0021, respectively). MRCI scores were negatively correlated with BMI percentile for both encounters (r = −0.162 and r = −0.125) but were not significant. Higher MRCI scores were associated with increased use of oral and intravenous antibiotics and hospital admissions.CONCLUSIONSHigher MRCI scores are correlated with a significant decrease in FEV1, increased need for antibiotic therapy, and more hospital admissions in pediatric patients with CF. Larger studies are needed to determine if a correlation exists between MRCI score and growth.
An Evaluation of Twice-Daily Dosing of Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity
Authors: Rebentisch Aubrey , Kovey Karen , Denslow Sheri 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE
Preterm infants often require caffeine for the treatment of apnea. While the maintenance dose of caffeine citrate is usually administered once daily per FDA labeling, many providers administer the maintenance dose in two divided doses. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a twice daily dosing regimen of caffeine for apnea of prematurity.

METHODS
This was a retrospective analysis conducted from 2013–2018 that included preterm infants who received caffeine that was dosed both once and twice daily respectively. The primary outcome of our study was a composite of the number of apneic and bradycardic events for five 24-hour periods prior to switching to twice daily dosing of caffeine and five 24-hour periods after switching to twice daily dosing of caffeine.

RESULTS
The median five-day average incidence of apnea and bradycardia during the once and twice daily dosing periods was 6.2 events and 6.4 events respectively (p=0.09).

CONCLUSIONS
There is little benefit of twice daily dosing of caffeine for apnea of prematurity.
Evaluation of the Development of Tolerance Following Frequent Administration of Propofol in Children Requiring Successive Sedation for Separate Procedures
Authors: Shaikh Nadia , Tallman Brandon , Wang Yanzhi , Deshpande Girish , Tripathi Sandeep 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE
Propofol is frequently used for outpatient sedation for pediatric patients, some of whom require multiple rounds of sedation for separate procedures within a short period. Anecdotal experience suggests that frequent use of propofol results in escalating doses; however, clinical evidence is unconvincing. This study was designed to evaluate if tolerance develops with frequent administration of propofol for children requiring multiple successive sedations.

METHODS
A retrospective chart review of patients requiring multiple doses of propofol for separate procedures from 2011 through 2019 was conducted. Cumulative propofol dose and induction dose were analyzed using a mixed model for patients requiring sedation for serial procedures.

RESULTS
Data from 24 different patients who required 3 or more sedations during the study period were analyzed. The number of sedations ranged from 3 to 28. The mean total propofol dose rate was 0.19 ± 0.14 mg/kg/min, and the mean induction dose was 3.2 ± 0.97 mg/kg. The total doses and induction doses were not statistically significantly different at different sedations (p = 0.089 and 0.180, respectively). There was a statistically significant decrease in the total dose as the time interval between 2 sedations increased (p &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Repeated administrations of propofol at time intervals used in outpatient sedation do not lead to the development of tolerance. A small decrease per day interval may be significant when propofol is used more frequently (multiple times per day or as a continuous drip) in an ICU setting.
The transcendentalist turn of the new post-postmodern American literature
Authors: Bolaño Quintero Jesús 
Published: March 2021

Este artículo responde al debate que se produce en el campo de la teoría literaria en torno a la naturaleza de la novela estadounidense postmoderna. Mientras que algunos autores afirmaron a principios del milenio que la novela estaba muerta, una nueva generación de jóvenes escritores estadounidenses fueron responsables de un nuevo compromiso con el género por parte del público. Con esto en mente, este estudio busca arrojar luz sobre la naturaleza de la literatura escrita por estos novelistas que buscan distanciarse del callejón sin salida del posmodernismo. Nuestra premisa es que durante la crisis de principios del siglo veinte, que provoca un replanteamiento del concepto de posmodernidad, los jóvenes autores estadounidenses volvieron su mirada hacia las ideas del trascendentalismo estadounidense como una herramienta para recuperar el proyecto inacabado de la modernidad interrumpido por el postmodernismo.
This article responds to the debate in the field of literary theory around the nature of post-postmodern American novels. While some authors claimed at the turn of the millennium that the novel was dead, a new generation of American writers were responsible for a new engagement with the genre on the part of the public. With this in mind, this study seeks to shed light on the nature of the literature written by young novelists seeking to distance themselves from the dead end of postmodernism. Our premise is that during the crisis that brings about a rethinking of the concept of postmodernity, the young American authors turned their gaze towards ideas from American transcendentalism as a tool to recover the unfinished Project of modernity.
La posibilidad cómica en las estéticas de la negatividad
Authors: Ortiz de Urbina Arandigoien Xabier 
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo pretende ofrecer una actualización acerca de la relación entre la experiencia humorística y las llamadas estéticas negativas. Desde que Aristóteles definiera la comedia como la imitación de los rasgos ridículos del ser humano, los cuales pertenecen a la categoría de lo feo, lo cómico y lo humorístico han sido muchas veces enumerados dentro de las categorías estéticas de la negatividad frente a las estéticas relacionadas con la belleza. En contraposición, se encuentran teorías como las de Theodor Lipps, quien asegura que el valor de la comicidad no es un valor estético, sino que responde a una forma de juicio distinta, como también adelantó el propio Kant. Se pretende así plantear una discusión a partir de estos dos postulados y ofrecer una posible salida.
This article aims to offer an update on the relationship between the humorous experience and negative aesthetics. Since Aristotle defined comedy as the imitation of the ridiculous traits of the human being, as a part of the ugly aesthetics, the comic and the humorous have often been listed within the aesthetic categories of negativity in front of the aesthetics related to beauty. In contrast, there are theories like those of Theodor Lipps, who assures that the value of humor is not an aesthetic value, but responds to a different form of judgment, as Kant also advanced. The aim is to propose a discussion based on these two postulates and offer a possible solution.
Una introducción al pensamiento de Marina Garcés
Authors: Castany Prado Bernat 
Published: March 2021

Este artículo presenta de forma divulgativa y ordenada el pensamiento de la filósofa Marina Garcés. Siguiendo los cuatro momentos básicos en los que la filosofía clásica suele estructurarse, exponemos su epistemología, su ontología, su ética y su política, insistiendo siempre en el carácter práctico de su pensamiento.
This article presents in an informative and orderly way the thought of the philosopher Marina Garcés. Following the four basic moments in which classical philosophy is usually structured, we expose its epistemology, its ontology, its ethics and its politics, insisting on te practical nature of its thought.
Ameliorative effect of apelin-13 against renal complications in L-NAME-induced preeclampsia in rats
Authors: Hamza Reham Z. , Diab Abdel Aziz A. , Zahra Mansour H. , Asalah Ali K. , Attia Mai S. , Moursi Suzan MM 
Published: March 2021

Pre-eclampsia (PE) accompanying acute liver and kidney injury has remained a master cause of both fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity. Vasoactive mediators, oxidative stress and inflammatory imbalanceshave an important role in PE pathogenesis. Apelin is an adipokine that improves endothelial dysfunction; has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; moreover, its level reduced during PE. This study aimed to explore the effects of apelin-13 administration on preeclampsia-associated renal dysfunction and proteinuria. Thirty-three pregnant female rats were divided into three groups; group: 1 (normal pregnant rats), group: 2 (preeclamptic rats); where rats were injected subcutaneously with 75 mg L-NAME/ kg body weight/day beginning from 9th to 20th day of pregnancy andgroup 3 (apelin-13 treated preeclamptic rats); In which L-NAME-induced preeclamptic rats were subcutaneously injected with 6 × 10−8 mol apelin-13/kg body weight/twice daily starting from 6th to 20th day of pregnancy. In all groups, mean arterial blood pressure, total urine protein, serum urea, creatinine, nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), interleukin–6 (IL-6) and malondialdhyde (MDA) were measured. Histopathological examination of kidney tissues was also done. preeclamptic rats showed significantly increased mean arterial blood pressure, total urine proteins, serum urea, creatinine, ET-1, IL-6, and MDA, but revealed a significantly decreased serum NO level. On the other hand, apelin treatment significantly improved these parameters together with amelioration of kidney histoarchitecture in the treated group. In conclusion, apelin may be a potentially curative candidate for prohibiting kidney damage and have a therapeutic benefit in PE rat models.
Benzoic Acid Based Beverages: Health Implications
Authors: Rabiu Sulaiman , Abubakar Muazu Gusau , Sahabi Danladi Mahuta , Makusidi Muhammad Aliyu , Dandare Abdullahi , Bello Jaafar Haris 
Published: March 2021

Soft drinks nowadays are becoming an important part of the modern diet consumed in many communities worldwide and are available in the market virtually in the same form almost anywhere around the globe. Additives such as antioxidants and preservatives are usually added to soft drinks to increase their shelf life. Several acids such as benzoic and ascorbic acid are used in beverages to prevent oxidation and degradation of matrix. Literature documented that combination of these preservatives in soft drinks results in benzene formation. Moreover, benzene has long been reported to inflict many public health problems. This review elucidated different health consequences such as hematological, neurological, reproductive and carcinogenic effects of exposure to benzene. Liver and kidney derangements were also reported from different epidemiological and experimental studies. Therefore, we suggest that combination of ascorbic acid and benzoic acid in beverages should be avoided by small scale and industrial manufactures. A closer monitoring of these preservatives in beverages by regulatory agencies is highly needed.
Logical Principles in Ternary Mathematics
Authors: Pozinkevych Ruslan 
Published: March 2021

Introduction/Background:Our new research called “Logical Principles in Ternary Mathematics“ is an attempt to establish connection between logical and mathematical principles governing Ternary Mathematics and address issues that appeared earlier while making truth tables for “Ternary addition” and “Ternary Multiplication” presented by the same author in “Ternary Mathematics Principles Truth Tables and Logical Operators 3 D Placement of Logical Elements Extensions of Boolean Algebra” publication.The title “Logical Principles in Ternary Mathematics“ is not randomly chosen To be able to set up relations between elements in the given discipline one usually employs the basic principle of meaning-form and function In the same way we propose a logical triangle “Component”,”Vector”,”Decimal” to prove fundamental principle governing “Ternary Mathematics” presented in the given research.
Aims/Objectives: The aim of the article is to set up connection between mathematical and logical rules governing Ternary Mathematics The main postulates of the Ternary Mathematics can be demonstrated by the abstract scheme or a triangle the vertices of which are “Component”,”Vector”,”Decimal” We use a triangle diagram to prove the functionality of the chosen principle. The three components are each connected with other two and transition is possible from one to another without changing the shape of a diagram and the principle applied.
Methodology: The most difficult part is to “translate” Algebra and Numeric Analysis into Mathematical Logic and vice versa Traditional methods of logic fail to do this transition therefore a new functional approach is chosen.
Results and Conclusion: As a result of this functional approach a new Ternary addition Truth Table is made The new Ternary Truth Table consists of the 3 literals (Т, ₸,F) Truth Negative, False and the last column of the table is the logical sum of the two. For example: Т+T=T
Unlike the old table it presents a sum of two numbers in a vector form and therefore makes it possible to use it in mathematics as well as in logic.
A Comparative Study on In-vitro Quality Control Parameters of Different Brands of Loratadine Tablets Commercially Available in Bangladesh
Authors: Fatema Rosy , Khan Sumaiya , Roknuzzaman A. S. M. , Anjum Ramisa , Jahan Nishat 
Published: March 2021

Loratadine, a second generation H1-receptor antagonist, works by blocking the action of histamine and is widely prescribed for itching, runny nose, watery eyes, and sneezing from "hay fever" and other allergic conditions. To ensure quality the main requirements for a medicinal product are safety, potency, efficacy and stability. This research work aimed to compare and assess the quality levels of different local brands of loratadine tablets available in the drug market of Bangladesh. Six different brands of loratadine 10 mg tablet manufactured by the local companies were used for the analysis. The evaluation was performed through the determination of weight variation, hardness, friability, percent potency, disintegration time, and dissolution profile in accordance with USP-NF specifications. All brands showed acceptable weight variation and % friability. The percent potency for tested samples by UV method ranges from 97.02%-108%, showing none of the brands contains less than 90% of the active principle as per the specification. The result of the physical and chemical studies, such as in-vitro dissolution, disintegration, hardness, etc., has been found to differ but lie within the specified limit. After analyzing the data obtained from the tests, it can be claimed that loratadine 10 mg tablets manufactured and marketed by several local companies in Bangladesh meet the quality standard required to achieve the desired therapeutic outcomes.
Perinatal Outcome in Twin Pregnancy at Khaipur Medical College, Khairpur Mirs, Pakistan
Authors: Pathan Nusrat Fozia , Jamali Shazia , Siddiqui Maqsood Ahmed , Sohu Khushi Muhammad , Jamali Ameer Ali , Naz Asma , Ahmer Arslan 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To determine the perinatal outcome of twin pregnancy and to find out the frequency of twin deliveries in hospital based population.
Study Design: Descriptive case series.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted over a period of 02 Year 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2019 in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department at KMC Khairpur Mirs, Sindh Pakistan.
Methodology: All the patients of age 20-35 years with twin pregnancies of gestational age above 30 weeks presenting in labour ward of KMC Khairpur Mirs were studied. A detailed history was taken, general physical (G.P) examination and obstetrical examination performed, targeted investigations carried out to detect various fetal complications. Patients were assessed for a mode of delivery, records for data like age, gestational age, weight of baby, APGAR score expressed in term of mean±SD and data like perinatal mortality, prematurity, intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR), the weight of baby and APGAR score expressed in terms of frequencies and percentages on SPSS version 20.
Results: In this study total numbers of deliveries were 7200, among them 83 were twin pregnancies the frequency of twin was 1.15%. Booked cases were 24.1%, unbooked was 75.9%. The highest incidence of 42.2% of twin gestation was seen in women between ages 31-35 years, the mean age of patients was seen 30.1±4.1 and regarding the parity incidence was high 54.2% in multiparous l-5. The total number of preterm deliveries was 45(55.2%), gestational age was (35-36+6dnys) weeks in 22.89% of cases, and the mean gestational age of patients was 35.7±2.5. Perinatal mortality was 38(22.9%), stillborn and early neonatal deaths (ENND) were 18.4% and 36.8% and common in twin-2.
Conclusion: Twin pregnancy is-a-high-risk-pregnancy still is a major obstetrical and perinatal challenge. The frequency of twin pregnancy seen in this study is 1.15% unbooked and unsupervised pregnancies are more common i.e 75.9%. Prematurity is common perinatal morbidity 51.20%. perinatal mortality is 22.9% and highest in twin-2.