bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Development of the Agricultural Sector in the Visegrad Group Countries
Authors: Burdiuzha Anastasiia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Subject and purpose of work: Analysis of the innovative development trends of the agricultural sector in the Visegrad Group countries in 1995–2019. Investigation of the impact of innovation on value added to GDP by the sector and the patent activity.

Materials and methods: Secondary data used in the current research were taken from Eurostat, World Bank and European Patent Office databases. They were analyzed by applying OLS models and Granger causality tests.

Results: First, composition of R&D expenses in each Visegrad country was examined. Then its relationship to agricultural GDP and the number of the patents granted was tested by means of OLS models. Forecasting the relationship between variables examined was carried out by running Granger causality tests.

Conclusions: There was a constant growth in agricultural innovation activity investment from 1995 to 2019. Nevertheless, the countries examined have not yet reached the EU’s objective concerning the R&D intensities. Innovation activity had a positive impact on the value added to GDP by agriculture and on the number of the patents granted.
The Concept of Financial Control of Communes Based on the Experience of Poland
Authors: Belia Andriana , Storonyanska Iryna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Subject and purpose of work: The subject of the study are the elements of the Ukrainian financial control system. A combination of those elements enables formulating a concept which is directed at financial control of communes. The purpose of the study is identifying main directions of modernization of the Ukrainian financial control system over self-government units.

Materials and methods: This study provides an analysis of government data and commercial statistics based on official studies, evaluation reports, program documents, website data, open research papers and promotional materials. The main elements and European experience that, in the author’s opinion, are necessary for the construction of an effective finance control system of communes have been used in the construction of the concept of financial control over communes.

Results: The key elements of the system of financial control over local self-government units of Poland are revealed. The improvement of financial control over communes in Ukraine and a number of organizational, economic and legal steps to optimize financial control at the local level are proposed.

Conclusions: The article presents the main principles, measures and steps functioning in Polish financial control,which constitutes the basis for the formulation of a model of local finance control in Ukraine.
Comparison of Selected Portfolio Strategies Based on the Example of Cryptocurrency Portfolios
Authors: Kądziołka Kinga 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of this work was to compare selected portfolio strategies in terms of return rates in order to answer the question whether the method of determining the weights of the portfolio and reduction of the number of portfolio elements characterized by strong positive correlation of rates of return have an impact on its profitability.

Materials and methods: The analysis used publicly available data, selected portfolio methods and hierarchical clustering. Both short- and long-term investment strategies were examined.

Results: None of analyzed strategies allows to achieve higher rates of return in any given (arbitrarily selected) period than other analyzed strategies. Portfolios with a reduced number of elements in most cases did make it possible to achieve a higher rate of return than the benchmark portfolios consisting of 15 cyptocurrencies.

Conclusions: While making investment decisions, one should bear in mind that the realized rate of return may significantly differ from the expected rate of return of the portfolio, which is only a forecast.
Empowerment of Micro Enterprises (UMKM) by Increasing Team Effectiveness Using Qur’Ani Job Design Model
Authors: Jaya Winandi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Subject and purpose of work: Micro Enterprises (UMKM) have a great potential to support the economic condition, however, if it is not balanced with managerial abilities, team effectiveness is not maximised. This study investigates increasing team effectiveness through training and mentoring in making Qur’ani job designs of micro enterprises.

Materials and methods: The study used a pre-posttest design of control and experimental groups. 74 total respondents were involved and divided into a control and an experimental group. Each group consisted of 37 respondents. The measuring instruments used in the study were a questionnaire developed by the researchers implementing Qur’ani Job Design, as well as the value of team effectiveness in micro enterprises. The data analysis was performed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), which assessed the magnitude of the effect of training and mentoring team effectiveness.

Results: The results indicated that training and assistance of making qurani job designs can help increase the effectiveness of a team.

Conclusions: Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that the evaluation that was carried out shows that quranic job design can help increase the effectiveness of micro enterprises teams. Thus the hypothesis in this study was accepted.
Gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine reduce time to flowering and improve flower quality of Laelia anceps
Authors: Tejeda-Sartorius Olga , Vaquera-Huerta Humberto , Trejo-Téllez Libia Iris , Soto-Hernández Ramón Marcos , Sánchez-Escudero Julio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The efficacy of plant growth regulators (PGRs) has been demonstrated in the flowering of economically significant orchid hybrids, but studies of their effects in wild species with commercial potential are scarce. The effect of three doses of gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzyladenine (BA), individually or in combination, and a control without PGRs, were evaluated during three flowering periods in Laelia anceps subsp. anceps, in the temporal behavior of flowering, morpho-floral quality parameters and in potential residual effects and malformations. Significant effects were observed between the experimental periods and doses used, with a single application of PGRs in the first period reducing the days to visible flower induction (DVFI), days to anthesis (DAN) and days of flower life (DFL), mainly in the first period. There were no significant differences between doses for morpho-floral quality parameters within each period, but differences existed between experimental periods, where the life and size of the flower increased in the first period, and the number of flowers and flower stems increased significantly in the second period. The doses of 2.37 mg · L−1 BA + 100 mg · L−1 GA3 showed highest significant consistency in the reduction of DVFI, DAN and increase of DFL and flower stems in the study. There were no floral malformations, and a positive residual effect was observed in temporal variables in the second period. Most of the doses used encourage beneficial effects in the various aspects of flowering evaluated.
Towards an economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic: empirical study on electronic commerce adoption of small and medium enterprises in Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Thuy Dam Luong , Nguyen Huy Khanh , Nguyen Ha Thu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has created a severe crisis for general economic situation. Despite the short time span of the pandemic, many innovations are implemented for organizational survival and recovery in the competitive market environment of digital age. This paper aims to find out significant factors and how they impact on E-commerce adoption of small and medium enterprises in Vietnam, especially in the epidemic time. The results reveal that technology perceived compatibility has the greatest effect on E-commerce adoption, followed by management support and external pressure. Moreover, external support only has minor impact on E-commerce adoption in the Covid-19. Meaningfully, this study makes contribution to both innovation literature and practical management with new insight of current Vietnamese situation for small and medium organizations.
Shopping Center Industry Internationalization with a Focus on Key Resources and Direct Investment: The Case of a Chilean Company in Mexico
Authors: Riquelme Humberto , Bobek Vito , Horvat Tatjana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The shopping center sector has been growing steadily over the last years in Latin America. Many countries such as Chile, Mexico, and Brazil lead the industry in the region, with so many projects still under development and different companies with international expansion perspectives in their portfolio. The purpose of this paper is to identify which are the most recommendable entry mode strategies for Latin American countries and which are the essential resources and capabilities that a shopping center company needs to develop to increase the likelihood of success in the sector. Thus, different factors, such as political, economic, and social factors, which impact the industry operation, are analyzed to create a high-level overview of this industry’s most important subjects. For this purpose, primary and secondary data are used, based on a literature review and an empirical qualitative study, giving information of the Chilean Commercial Real Estate company, and interviewing its top managers. Thereby, the results lead to an entry strategy proposal into the Mexican market, identifying the most important shopping centers in the country, the main actors, and the best opportunities to enter.
Revivalism, Bible Societies, and Tract Societies in the Kingdom of Hungary: A Multi-Ethnic, Multi-Cultural, and Multi-Denominational Work for Spreading the Good News of Jesus Christ
Authors: Kovács Ábraham 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The current research paper seeks to investigate how Evangelicals and Pietist, the most fervent of Protestants sought to ‘educate’ the masses outside the educational framework of ecclesiastical and state structures within the Hungarian Kingdom. More specifically the study intends to offer a concise overview of the history of Protestants who spread the gospel through the distribution of affordable Bibles, New Testaments and Christian tracts. It shows how various denominations worked together as well as directs attention to their theological outlook which transcended ethnic boundaries. It is a well-known fact in mission and church history that such undertakings were carried out to stir revivalism. The study also throws light on how influential role the Scottish Mission as well as Archduchess Maria Dorothea played in stirring revivalism through the aforementioned means. The history of these kinds of endeavours, especially that of the most significant ones like the work of the British and Foreign Bible Society and Religious Tract Society has not been treated adequately by historians of religion and education, intellectual historians and social historians. This research output is a contribution to give an account of the multi-ethnic and transdenominational work of Hungarians, Jews, Germans, Slovaks and Romanians working for a common goal.
Load capacity of the mixed bench and slab foundation. Numerical simulations and analytical calculation model
Authors: Grodecki Michał 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper presents results of a numerical investigation on load capacity of the mixed bench and slab shallow foundations (often used in the process of the modernization of the old, antique buildings, which are suffering from lack of the load capacity). The main trouble with use of existing analytical approaches is a non-unique foundation level of the bench and slab, they could even be founded on different geotechnical layers. Proposed analytical model based on Brinch Hansen (EC-7) approach could deal with such a problem. Results of 2D and 3D numerical modelling (ultimate load of the foundation) are compared to the obtained by using the proposed approach. Influence of the soil above the foundation level is also investigated. Different width to length ratios of the foundation are analyzed (from “short” to “long” foundations). Usability of the proposed analytical model in engineering practice is proved by numerical simulations; the obtained results are on the safe side with quite acceptable margin of additional safety.
A Study of the Effect of Central Bank Intervention on North American Debt Financial Markets
Authors: Burns Evan 
Published: April 2021

This presentation, and corresponding research paper, serves to analyze the impact of Central Bank policy and operations on financial markets in the United States and Canada during the period of Summer 2008 to present day. Research is primarily focused on the effects of monetary stimulus and the setting of Central Bank policy rates and how these two tools impacted the market for fixed income financial instruments. The presentation analyzes the decisions made by borrowers of capital, primarily institutions and governments, given the unprecedented macroeconomic environment experienced during this period. To complement this research and provide a thorough analysis of the effects of Central Bank policy, the presentation analyzes other asset classes and provides insight into the impact of Canadian and U.S. Central Bank actions globally. In doing this, the presentation will provide a more complete picture of how Central Bank actions during this period impacted not only North American economies but also the effects experienced by investors across geopolitical and asset class divisions.
Social Reform with a Nationalist Agenda: The Sarda Act of 1929
Authors: McNorton Hayley 
Published: April 2021

On September 20th 1929, the Indian Central Legislative Assembly passed the Sarda Act. The Sarda Act was the result of ongoing discussions in India in the early twentieth century that revolved around the age of consent and the age of marriage. Har Bilas Sarda, a member of the Assembly since 1924, introduced the bill in 1927 as the Child Marriage Restraint Act. In history, this bill is celebrated for improving the living conditions for women in Colonial India by addressing the potentially negative physical and social effects that having sex and giving birth could have on young girls. However, what is not discussed in history is the motivations that Har Bilas Sarda had in introducing the bill. Using primary sources, I would like to argue that the Sarda Act was part of a larger nationalist agenda espoused by a Hindu nationalist group called the Arya Samaj which aimed to restore the legacy of the ancient Hindu civilization. I will conclude by linking the themes in Sarda’s writings with the broader historical context to demonstrate that that Sarda’s motivations for campaigning for a higher age of marriage was tied to a Hindu nationalist agenda.
Knowledge of the Mass Murder of Jewish People Possessed by Ordinary German
Authors: Liu Gillian Yijing 
Published: April 2021

In 1933, the Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler, came to political power in Germany. As a direct result of the Nazi’s actions, approximately 6 million Jewish victims were killed. The Nazi Party members were undoubtedly responsible for these results, but were the non- party Germans? To answer this sensitive question, the extent of knowledge of these events must be investigated. To what extent did “ordinary” German civilians know about the extermination of Jews during the Holocaust in Berlin from 1942 to the end of the Second World War? The population must be categorized by those who knew about the Jewish deportations and murders, those who chose to know, those who chose not to know, and those who did not know.
To investigate this idea, oral interviews were collected. They hold value as a first hand perspective, but have limitations of dishonesty and censorship of information. A large collection of survey information from 1985 was heavily considered, in addition to various secondary sources such as articles, videos, and books, and primary sources such as maps and photographs.
After weighing probable statistics and popularity of Nazi ideology, evidence supports the idea that more Germans chose not to know about the extermination of Jews than any other extent, due to the high number of Nazi ideology supporters, high degree of terror propaganda, and indoctrinated youth.
COVID-19: Learning from Past Funding Initiatives and their Dismissal in Southeast Asia
Authors: Sciortino Rosalia 
Published: April 2021

This article examines philanthropic funding of past efforts to control emerging infectious diseases in Southeast Asia and China. The recount, based on personal insights as a foundation professional and a review of both published and unpublished material, shows that American foundations and other like-minded donors identified the risks associated with zoonotic infections early on – including from the same coronavirus family that is causing the current COVID-19 pandemic – and were later followed by bilateral and multilateral donors investing greater resources. At the cusp of the 2000s, foundations played a leadership and catalyst role in advancing a transdisciplinary agenda to better understand and respond to new emerging threats and in building the necessary individual and institutional capacities for regional and local disease surveillance. For more than a decade, this concentration of resources and approaches was recognised as having contributed to better preparedness. Gradually, however, funding initiatives declined in value and intensity due to several internal and external factors. This article argues that COVID-19 arrives in the midst of an unfinished donor agenda and that it is important to reflect on why philanthropic foundations, and the development aid community more generally, found themselves unprepared for the pandemic in order to draw lessons for addressing today’s crisis – and future outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases.
Determination and optimization of ideal patient candidacy for anterior odontoid screw fixation
Authors: Fiani Brian , Doan Thao , Covarrubias Claudia , Shields Jennifer , Sekhon Manraj , Rose Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Odontoid process fractures are one of the most common spine fractures, especially in patients over age 70. There is still much controversy over the ideal candidate for anterior odontoid screw fixation (AOSF), with outcomes affected by characteristics such as fracture morphology, nonideal body habitus, and osteoporosis. Therefore, this systematic review seeks to discuss the optimal criteria, indications, and adverse postoperative considerations when deciding to pursue AOSF.

Methods:
This investigation was conducted from experiential recall and article selection performed using the PubMed electronic bibliographic databases. The search yielded 124 articles that were assessed and filtered for relevance. Following the screening of titles and abstracts, 48 articles were deemed significant for final selection.

Results:
AOSF is often utilized to treat Type IIB odontoid fractures, which has been shown to preserve atlantoaxial motion, limit soft-tissue injuries/blood loss/vertebral artery injury/reduce operative time, provide adequate osteosynthesis, incur immediate spinal stabilization, and allow motion preservation of C1 and C2. However, this technique is limited by patient characteristics such as fracture morphology, transverse ligament rupture, remote injuries, short neck or inability to extend neck, barrel chested, and severe spinal kyphosis, in addition to adverse postoperative outcomes such as dysphagia and vocal cord paralysis.

Conclusion:
Due to the fact that odontoid fractures have a significant morbidity in elderly population, treatment with AOSF is generally recommended for this population with higher risk for nonoperative fusion. Considerations should be made to achieve fracture stability and fusion, while lowering the risk for operative and postoperative complications.
Spontaneous epidural hematoma of the cervical spine in two patients with sarcoidosis
Authors: Nasios Anastasios , Alexiou George , Zygouris Andreas , Voulgaris Spyridon 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Sarcoidosis is correlated with hematological abnormalities that can result in spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas (EDH). As there is significant risk for permanent neurologic sequelae due to acute cord compression, these lesions often warrant emergent surgical intervention.

Case Description:
Two females, 56 and 62 years of age, respectively, both with sarcoidosis on corticosteroids, presented with the spontaneous acute onset of cervical pain, and progressive myeloradiculopathy. Emergent MR scans revealed cervical EDHs with cord compression, respectively, from C5-T1, and C6-C7. Following emergent laminectomies in both cases, patients’ neurological deficits resolved.

Conclusion:
Two patients with sarcoidosis at increased risk for spontaneous hemorrhages, presented with cervical EDHs warranting emergent decompressive laminectomies.
Current treatment options and prognostic factors for ruptured distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms
Authors: Take Yushiro , Kamide Tomoya , Kikkawa Yuichiro , Ikegami Masaki , Teranishi Akio , Ehara Takuro , Shibata Aoto , Suzuki Kaima , Ikeda Toshiki , Iihoshi Satoshi , Kohyama Shinya , Kurita Hiroki 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysms are rare, representing 1–9% of all intracranial aneurysms. The best treatment strategy for these aneurysms continues to be debated. We clarified the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with ruptured distal ACA aneurysms according to the treatment options at our institute.

Methods:
Thirty-seven consecutive patients (26 women; mean age, 65.2 years) with ruptured distal ACA aneurysms who underwent surgical clipping or coil embolization between 2012 and 2018 were included in the study. Clinical presentations, radiographic findings, and outcomes were retrospectively reviewed and compared between patients who underwent either surgical clipping or coil embolization. Risk factors associated with poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 4–6) were analyzed using multiple regression analysis.

Results:
Nineteen patients (51.4%) had World Federation Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) Grade IV-V, 18 (48.7%) had frontal lobe hematomas, and 13 (35.1%) had multiple aneurysms. Surgical clipping and endovascular coiling were performed in 28 (75.7%) and nine (24.3%) patients, respectively. Aneurysms located at the A4-5 portions were mainly treated by surgical clipping (P = 0.04). There were no significant between-group differences in procedure-related morbidity and mortality; however, the complete occlusion rate was higher in the surgical group (P < 0.01). Overall, a favorable neurological outcome at discharge (mRS 0–3) was obtained in 23 patients (62.5%). Multiple regression analysis revealed that WFNS Grade IV-V and frontal lobe hematomas were risk factors for poor outcomes (mRS 4–6).

Conclusion:
Acceptable outcomes were obtained in 62.5% of cases, and there were no significant between-group differences in treatment results between clipping and coiling. A poor WFNS grade and intracerebral hematomas were risk factors for a poor prognosis.