bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double‐Headed Nucleotides with Non‐Native Nucleobases: Synthesis and Duplex Studies
Authors: Beck Kasper M. , Ruder Linette , Nicolai Tine S. , Pham Robert L. , Risgaard Nikolaj A. , Hornum Mick , Nielsen Poul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDouble‐headed nucleotides are DNA building blocks that store, in principle, twice as much information as native nucleotides due to the incorporation of an additional functional nucleobase. Herein, we present the development of two new double‐headed nucleotides, UW and UZ, featuring a methylene‐linked 5‐aza‐7‐deazaxanthine (Z) and a propynyl‐linked pseudouracil (W), respectively, attached to the 2′‐position of arabinouridine. These analogs are evaluated in DNA duplexes for their ability to act as dinucleotides, and the base‐pairing specificities of the 2′‐nucleobases are compared to previous analogues. Although an improved discrimination was observed in the context of a cytosine mismatch using UZ, neither of the two new analogs gave rise to increased overall base‐pairing fidelity possibly due to the formation of stable wobble pairs. Furthermore, we present an improved synthetic strategy for the preparation of the corresponding diaminopurine analog (UD), in which the key fluoro‐to‐amino substitution is achieved post‐synthetically to avoid the use of doubly protected diaminopurines and complicated deprotections.
Large Eddy Simulation of three‐dimensional flow structures over wave‐generated ripples
Authors: Jin Chuang , Coco Giovanni , Tinoco Rafael O. , Ranjan Pallav , San Juan Jorge , Dutta Som , Friedrich Heide , Gong Zheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe performed a three‐dimensional high‐resolution Large Eddy Simulation using a sinusoidal ripple‐like bedform geometry with spacing and amplitude consistent with equilibrium conditions under the prescribed oscillatory forcing. The simulation results are validated qualitatively and quantitatively with previous laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. Our numerical simulations allow to analyze the presence of “ribs”, strong flow rotational features in the spanwise direction developing perpendicular to the ripple crest. We show that ribs tend to appear on the upslope and crest of ripples and display a dominant spacing, ranging from 0.5λ to λ, during wave phases associated to flow acceleration. When the vortex is transported over the downstream ripple during the flow deceleration, ribs appear for the second time over the upslope of the downstream ripple, with the dominant spacing about 1/8 ripple wavelength. The presence of flow three‐dimensionality corresponds to a large variability of the shear stress over ripples in the spanwise direction, which could ultimately favor the development of three‐dimensional geometry. The three‐dimensional vortex dynamics are evaluated using the concept of vortex strength. Peak vortex strength is observed at the maximum free stream velocity, but the largest variation of the vortex strength and vortex size in the spanwise direction occurs prior to the flow reversal. The variability of the vortex structures might provide a favorable setting for the development of ribs and might relate to the spacing of ribs.
Marmora of the Traianeum of Italica (Santiponce, Seville, Spain): New data provided by archaeometric analysis
Authors: Becerra‐Fernández Daniel , Ontiveros‐Ortega Esther , Beltrán‐Fortes José 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article aims to identify a series of stone materials used in the ornamentation of the Traianeum of Italica (Santiponce, prov. Seville, Spain), the imperial cult shrine commissioned by Hadrian in honour of his adoptive father, Trajan, from a petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical point of view. The study highlights the simultaneous use of local and, above all, foreign marbles. Local marbles from Almadén de la Plata (prov. Seville) and Hill of Mijas (prov. Malaga) were used particularly for wall coverings and pavements, whereas Luni‐Carrara marble stands out as the preferred ornamental foreign marble used in column shafts, bases, capitals, balustrade finishes, and so forth. In addition, cipollino marble was mainly used for the column shafts of the hecatostylon portico, but the analysis has not been able to specify its exact provenance, whether it is from Euboea or local, possibly the area of Almadén de la Plata. However, given that this was a construction promoted by the emperor, it might be possible that it would have come from Greece.
Engaging leadership: Enhancing work engagement through intrinsic values and need satisfaction
Authors: van Tuin Lars , Schaufeli Wilmar B. , Van den Broeck Anja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractShould leaders pay more attention to values? The present study aims to examine and explain the associations of engaging leadership (EL) with employees' perceptions of the organization's values, need fulfillment, and employee engagement. EL is a recent leadership concept drawing on self‐determination theory, specifically on the fulfillment of the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. We expected EL to associate with employees perceiving the values of their organization as more intrinsic (e.g., care for others, contributing to making the world a better place, stimulating personal growth), which would satisfy employees' basic psychological needs and fuel work engagement, rather than as extrinsic (financial success, power, status). Study 1 detailed the model using a cross‐sectional study design (N = 436), and, as expected, structural equation modeling identified a positive path from leadership to work engagement via perceived intrinsic organizational values and subsequent satisfaction of the need for autonomy. EL associated negatively with extrinsic organizational values. Study 2 corroborated outcomes of study 1 through a longitudinal study across three time‐points (N = 69) in a cross‐lagged panel model and found specific directionality from leadership to perceived intrinsic values. Implications for leadership and motivation are discussed.
Do leaders condone unethical pro‐organizational employee behaviors? The complex interplay between leader organizational identification and moral disengagement
Authors: Schuh Sebastian C. , Cai Yahua , Kaluza Antonia J. , Steffens Niklas K. , David Emily M. , Haslam S. Alexander 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConsidering recent corporate scandals, organizations have increased their efforts to curb unethical employee behavior. However, little is known about whether leaders comply with these efforts and how they respond to unethical employee behavior, especially when unethical actions benefit the organization. By integrating arguments from social identity and moral disengagement theories, we develop and test a model to explain how leaders respond to unethical pro‐organizational behavior (UPB) among employees. Results from one multi‐wave, multi‐source field study and one experiment showed that leader perceptions of employee UPB were positively related to leader trust in employees when leaders identified strongly with their organization or when they had a strong propensity to morally disengage. Moreover, the results revealed an important three‐way interaction effect. Leaders put considerable trust into UPB‐enacting employees when leaders both identified strongly with the organization and showed high levels of moral disengagement. In contrast, they put little trust into UPB‐enacting employees when leaders identified weakly with the organization and reported low moral disengagement. Furthermore, results showed that leader trust ultimately translated into perceived leader justice toward employees. These findings provide new and important insights into when organizations can(not) rely on their leaders to manage unethical employee behaviors.
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Authors: Di Jiayu , Du Jianhui , Lin Zhenhua , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Ouyang Jianyong , Chang Jingjing 
Published: March 2021

The advent of IOT has led to the emergence of massive data storage and processing problems. Resistive random access memories (RRAMs) are expected to break through Moore's law and solve the Von Neumann limit. Significant progress has been made in the field of RRAMs using lead halide perovskite as storage medium. The authors of this manuscript summarized the working principle and current research progress of perovskite‐based resistive memory, and discussed key factors hindering the development and future development prospects. (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12162).
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miR‐144‐3p ameliorates the progression of osteoarthritis by targeting IL‐1β: Potential therapeutic implications
Authors: Lin Yen‐You , Ko Chih‐Yuan , Liu Shan‐Chi , Wang Yu‐Han , Hsu Chin‐Jung , Tsai Chun‐Hao , Wu Tsung‐Ju , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β) plays a critical role in osteoarthritis (OA) disease pathogenesis. MicroRNA (miRNA) activity is related to inflammation in OA and some miRNAs specifically regulate IL‐mediated degradation of cartilage type II collagen. Previous studies have indicated that miR‐144‐3p is a useful target in the regulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in different diseases. However, the role of miR‐144‐3p in OA is unclear. In this study, we observed a negative correlation between miR‐144‐3p and IL‐1β expression in OA. miR‐144‐3p mimic transfection of OA synovial fibroblasts downregulated levels of IL‐1β expression, while blocking the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF‐κB signaling pathways relating to IL‐1β production, and effectively increased miR‐144‐3p expression in OASFs. Findings from an anterior cruciate ligament transection rat model revealed that administration of miR‐144‐3p mimic effectively ameliorated OA progression and reduced the numbers of IL‐1β‐positive cells in synovial tissue. This study suggests that miR‐144‐3p is a useful therapeutic target in OA disease.
Glycine suppresses kidney calcium oxalate crystal depositions via regulating urinary excretions of oxalate and citrate
Authors: Lan Yu , Zhu Wei , Duan Xiaolu , Deng Tuo , Li Shujue , Liu Yang , Yang Zhou , Wen Yaoan , Luo Lianming , Zhao Shankun , Wang Jiamin , Zhao Zhijian , Wu Wenqi , Zeng Guohua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn abnormal urine composition is a key reason for kidney stone formation, but little is known about the roles of small metabolites in the urine during kidney stone formation. Here, we found urine glycine in patients with kidney calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone was significantly lower than that in healthy people via 1H NMR spectra detection, and investigated the role and underlying mechanism of glycine in the regulation of CaOx stone formation. Our results showed that glycine could significantly attenuate ethylene glycol‐induced CaOx crystal depositions in rat kidney via decreasing urine oxalate and increasing urine citrate. Mechanism studies revealed that glycine could decrease urine oxalate through downregulating Slc26a6 expression, whereas increase urine citrate via inhibiting Nadc1 expression. Moreover, glycine decreased the protein expression of both Slc26a6 and Nadc1 via increasing the expression of miRNA‐411‐3p, which directly bound to the 3′‐untranslated regions of Slc26a6 and Nadc1 messenger RNAs, in vitro and in vivo. Together, our results revealed a novel role of glycine in the regulation of kidney CaOx crystal formation and provided a potential target for the treatment of kidney CaOx stone.
Frailty in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: prognostic value of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index
Authors: Seoudy Hatim , Al‐Kassou Baravan , Shamekhi Jasmin , Sugiura Atsushi , Frank Johanne , Saad Mohammed , Bramlage Peter , Seoudy Anna Katharina , Puehler Thomas , Lutter Georg , Schulte Dominik M. , Laudes Matthias , Nickenig Georg , Frey Norbert , Sinning Jan‐Malte , Frank Derk 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is a hallmark of frailty, is common among elderly patients, and is a predictor of poor outcomes in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS). The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is a simple and well‐established screening tool to predict the risk of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients. In this study, we evaluated whether GNRI may be used in the risk stratification and management of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).MethodsPatients with symptomatic severe AS (n = 953) who underwent transfemoral TAVR at the University Hospital Schleswig‐Holstein Kiel, Germany, between 2010 and 2019 (development cohort) were divided into two groups: normal GNRI ≥ 98 (no nutrition‐related risk; n = 618) versus low GNRI < 98 (at nutrition‐related risk; n = 335). The results were validated in an independent (validation) cohort from another high‐volume TAVR centre (n = 977).ResultsThe low‐GNRI group had a higher proportion of female patients (59.1% vs. 52.1%), higher median age (82.9 vs. 81.8 years), prevalence of atrial fibrillation (50.4% vs. 40.0%), median logistic EuroSCORE (17.5% vs. 15.0%) and impaired left ventricular function (<35%: 10.7% vs. 6.8%), lower median estimated glomerular filtration rate (50 vs. 57 mL/min/1.73 m2) and median albumin level (3.5 vs. 4.0 g/dL) compared with the normal‐GNRI group. Among peri‐procedural complications, Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) Stage 3 was more common in the low‐GNRI group (3.6% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.002). After a mean follow‐up of 21.1 months, all‐cause mortality was significantly increased in the low‐GNRI group compared with the normal‐GNRI group (p < 0.001). This was confirmed in the validation cohort (p < 0.001). Low GNRI < 98 was identified as an independent risk factor for all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.44, 95% CI 1.01–2.04, p = 0.043). Other independent risk factors included albumin level < median of 4.0 g/dL, high‐sensitive troponin T in the highest quartile (> 45.0 pg/mL), N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide in the highest quartile (> 3595 pg/mL), grade III–IV tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary arterial hypertension, life‐threatening bleeding, AKIN Stage 3 and disabling stroke.ConclusionsLow GNRI score was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality in patients undergoing TAVR, implying that this vulnerable group may benefit from improved preventive measures.
Autoantibody of NRIP, a novel AChR‐interacting protein, plays a detrimental role in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Tsai Li‐Kai , Chen I‐Hsin , Chao Chi‐Chao , Hsueh Hsueh‐Wen , Chen Hsin‐Hsiung , Huang Yun‐Hsin , Weng Rong‐Wei , Lai Tzu‐Yun , Tsai Yi‐Chieh , Tsao Yeou‐Ping , Chen Show‐Li 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNuclear receptor interaction protein (NRIP) co‐localizes with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), and NRIP deficiency causes aberrant NMJ architecture. However, the normal physiological and pathophysiological roles of NRIP in NMJ are still unclear.MethodsWe investigated the co‐localization and interaction of NRIP with AChR‐associated proteins using immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assay, respectively. The binding affinity of AChR‐associated proteins was analysed in muscle‐restricted NRIP knockout mice and NRIP knockout muscle cells (C2C12). We further collected the sera from 43 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), an NMJ disorder. The existence and features of anti‐NRIP autoantibody in sera were studied using Western blot and epitope mapping.ResultsNRIP co‐localized with AChR, rapsyn and α‐actinin 2 (ACTN2) in gastrocnemius muscles of mice; and α‐bungarotoxin (BTX) pull‐down assay revealed NRIP with rapsyn and ACTN2 in complexes from muscle tissues and cells. NRIP directly binds with α subunit of AChR (AChRα) in vitro and in vivo to affect the binding affinity of AChR with rapsyn and rapsyn with ACTN2. In 43 patients with MG (age, 58.4 ± 14.5 years; female, 55.8%), we detected six of them (14.0%) having anti‐NRIP autoantibody. The presence of anti‐NRIP autoantibody correlated with a more severe type of MG when AChR autoantibody existed (P = 0.011). The higher the titre of anti‐NRIP autoantibody, the more severe MG severity (P = 0.032). The main immunogenic region is likely on the IQ motif of NRIP. We also showed the IgG subclass of anti‐NRIP autoantibody mainly to be IgG1.ConclusionsNRIP is a novel AChRα binding protein and involves structural NMJ formation, which acts as a scaffold to stabilize AChR–rapsyn–ACTN2 complexes. Anti‐NRIP autoantibody is a novel autoantibody in MG and plays a detrimental role in MG with the coexistence of anti‐AChR autoantibody.
Paroxysmal exercise‐induced dyskinesia without involuntary movements
Authors: Ishizuka Kosuke , Tsukamoto Tomoko , Ikusaka Masatomi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA 66‐year‐old British man was referred to our department because of a 2.5 year history of bilateral paroxysmal weakness of the lower limbs. It occurred when he walked for about 10 minutes, so he would stop in place and spontaneously rest for up to 15 minutes. When carbamazepine 200 mg/day was administered, the severity and frequency of the symptoms reduced by half and resolved when the dose was increased to 300 mg/day. Even if no involuntary movement is observed, paroxysmal exercise‐induced dyskinesia should be considered in patients with paroxysmal painless gait disturbance, and a therapeutic trial of anticonvulsants may be helpful.
Risk factor analysis for early rebleeding after endoscopic treatment for colonic diverticular bleeding with stigmata of recent hemorrhage
Authors: Yamauchi Atsushi , Kou Tadayuki , Kishimoto Takuya , Mori Yuki , Osawa Kazuki , Iimori Kei , Iwano Kosuke , Kawai Yuya , Sawada Kenji , Hamada Kensuke , Nishimura Satoshi , Mori Yoshiharu , Watanabe Kotaro , Azuma Shunjiro , Morita Toshihiro , Kurita Akira , Kawaguchi Kiyotaka , Suginoshita Yoshiki , Katayama Toshiro , Yazumi Shujiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimColonic diverticular bleeding is a common cause of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic hemostasis is generally selected as the first‐line treatment; however, a considerable number of patients experience early rebleeding after endoscopic treatment. We investigated the risk factors for early rebleeding after endoscopic treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the data of 142 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic treatment (endoscopic clipping or endoscopic band ligation) for colonic diverticular bleeding with stigmata of recent hemorrhage between April 2012 and April 2020. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the statistical relationship between patient characteristics and the incidence of early rebleeding occurring within 30 days after endoscopic treatment.ResultsOf 142 patients, early rebleeding was detected in 34 (23.9%) patients. According to univariate analysis, platelet count of <10 × 104/μL, bleeding from the left‐sided colon, and endoscopic clipping usage were associated with early rebleeding (P < 0.05). The subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis identified bleeding from the left‐sided colon (odds ratio [OR], 4.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.73–10.0; P = 0.001) and endoscopic clipping usage (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.21–7.00; P = 0.017) as the independent risk factors for early rebleeding.ConclusionsBleeding from the left‐sided colon and endoscopic clipping usage were the risk factors for early rebleeding after endoscopic treatment. Using endoscopic band ligation was associated with a decreased risk for early rebleeding compared with the use of endoscopic clipping, indicating that endoscopic band ligation was a preferable endoscopic modality to prevent early recurrent bleeding.
Exact bipartite Turán numbers of large even cycles
Authors: Li Binlong , Ning Bo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe bipartite Turán number, denoted by , is the maximum number of edges in an ‐free bipartite graph with two parts of sizes and , respectively. In this article, we prove for any positive integers with , which confirms (in a strong form) the unsolved case of a conjecture of Győri. Let be a bipartite graph with and . Suppose that for some . We prove that contains cycles of all even lengths from 4 to if . This result sharpens a theorem on long cycles in bipartite graphs due to Jackson. As a main tool, for a longest cycle in a bipartite graph, we prove an upper bound of the number of edges which are incident with at most one vertex in , which is a bipartite analogue of a classical theorem of Bondy. Our proof technique is structural.
Iodine‐DMSO catalyzed chemoselective oxidative aromatization and deallylation, nondeallylation of aryl allyl ether of tetrahydro‐β‐carboline
Authors: Gaikwad Sunil V. , Gaikwad Milind V. , Lokhande Pradeep D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe have developed a simple method for the chemoselective aromatization of tetrahydro‐β‐carboline with selective nondeallylation O‐allyl groups in the presence of iodine (100 mol %) in dimethyl sulfoxide/H2O2. A convergent approach toward the oxidative aromatization with selective deallylation (deprotection) of O‐allyl‐tetrahydro‐β‐carboline using iodine in dimethyl sulfoxide/HCl has been described. The present protocol contains cheap catalyst, easy work up, normal reaction conditions, and high selectivity.
A Prospective, Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Infarct Development in Patients With Intracranial Stenosis
Authors: Juttukonda Meher R. , Davis Larry T. , Lants Sarah K. , Waddle Spencer L. , Lee Chelsea A. , Patel Niral J. , Jordan Lori C. , Donahue Manus J. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundPatients with symptomatic atherosclerotic and non‐atherosclerotic (i.e., moyamoya) intracranial steno‐occlusive disease experience high 2‐year infarct rates.PurposeTo investigate whether cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) measures may provide biomarkers of 1‐to‐2‐year infarct risk.Study TypeProspective, longitudinal study.SubjectsAdult participants (age = 18–85 years) with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease (N = 26) or non‐atherosclerotic (i.e., moyamoya; N = 43) and stenosis ≥50% of a major intracranial artery were initially scanned within 45 days of stroke. Follow‐up imaging (target = 1.5 years) was acquired for new infarct assessment.Field Strength/Sequence3.0 Tesla with normocapnic arterial spin labeling (ASL) and blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) imaging acquired during an interleaved hypercapnic (3 minutes) and normocapnic (3 minutes) respiratory stimulus.AssessmentCBF, maximum CVR, and time‐to‐maximum CVR (i.e., CVRDELAY) were calculated. Laterality indices (difference between infarcted and contralesional hemispheres divided by sum of absolute values) of metrics at enrollment were contrasted between participants with vs. without new infarcts on follow‐up.Statistical TestsLaterality indices were compared using non‐parametric Wilcoxon tests (significance: two‐sided P < 0.05) and effect sizes as Cohen's d. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD.ResultsNew infarcts were observed on follow‐up in 15.0% of participants. The laterality index of the CVRDELAY was elevated (P = 0.01) in participants with atherosclerosis with new infarcts (index = 0.13) compared to participants without new infarcts (index = 0.05).Data ConclusionElevated CVRDELAY may indicate brain parenchyma at increased risk for new infarcts in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease treated with standard‐of‐care medical management.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage3