bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new fault tolerant control scheme for non‐linear systems by T‐S fuzzy model approach
Authors: Wu Yue , Wang Yang , Li Tieshan , Yang Zhixin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the problem of fault tolerant control for non‐linear systems with sensor faults based on the T‐S fuzzy model approach. First, a fault estimation (FE) observer with technique is designed to estimate the fault. Second, by using the fault estimation information, which are provided by the fault estimation observer, a novel fault tolerant control scheme with a fault compensation mechanism in the premise part of the fuzzy controller is presented to compensate the effect of the fault and stabilize the system. Different from the existing methods, where the fault compensation mechanism is only established in the consequent part of the controller, in the presented method, the fault compensation mechanism is established in the consequent part as well as the premise part of the fuzzy controller. Then, by using the fault compensation mechanism, the bound of the deviation between the normalized membership functions of the fuzzy model and those of the controller can be reduced such that the fault tolerant control design can be relaxed. In the end, an example is given to illustrate the validity of the developed fault tolerant control scheme.
A two‐stage method for bus passenger load prediction using automatic passenger counting data
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Chen Xuewu , Chen Jingxu , Hua Mingzhuang , Pu Ziyuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn high‐frequency transit, providing real‐time crowding information (RTCI) is a potential way to promote passenger satisfaction and reduce negative crowding externalities, by assisting passengers in choosing less crowded vehicles. To make RTCI convincing and reliable, it is necessary to provide predictive RTCI, in which bus passenger load (BPL) prediction is the primary problem. This paper proposes a novel two‐stage BPL prediction method using automatic passenger counting (APC) data. The first stage is to predict short‐term passenger flows at stops based on an adaptive Kalman filter approach. Using the outputs from the first stage as well as other variables directly from APC data, the second stage is to predict BPL based on a support vector regression algorithm. Several methods from the existing literature are used as benchmarks to test the relative performance of the proposed method. An empirical study on bus line 1 in Suzhou, China shows that the proposed method outperforms all the benchmarks, and shows significant superiority over other methods for stops with sharp increases in BPL and for multi‐step ahead prediction. This study contributes to the limited literature on BPL prediction and lays the foundation for providing accurate and reliable predictive RTCI in the future.
Safety guaranteed longitudinal motion control for connected and autonomous vehicles in a lane‐changing scenario
Authors: Hu Zhanyi , Yang Zeyu , Huang Jin , Zhong Zhihua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper aims at utilising the ideology of controlling a constrained dynamical system to address the longitudinal motion control problem during lane‐changing process subject to time‐varying uncertainties. To this end, a robust controller is designed based on Udwadia–Kalaba (UK) approach and Lyapunov stability theory. Most of the studies on lane‐changing considered only the equality constraint, namely the desired inter‐vehicle distance. In a bilateral inequality constraint, the upper bound avoids unpredictable cut‐ins and the lower bound collisions. This research applies the constraint to guarantee a safe and efficient lane‐changing process. The original UK approach cannot handle bilateral inequalities. Therefore, a diffeomorphism method is proposed to transform the bounded state to an unbounded one. The latter enables the UK approach to deal with both equality and bilateral inequality constraints. The proposed controller can render each vehicle to adjust its distance with the predecessor without violating the prescribed bounds. Numerical experiments have been conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller under different traffic demands.
Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in a Racially Diverse Population of Oklahoma County, Oklahoma
Authors: Wendelboe Aaron M. , Campbell Janis , Ding Kai , Bratzler Dale W. , Beckman Michele G. , Reyes Nimia L. , Raskob Gary E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Contemporary incidence data for venous thromboembolism (VTE) from racially diverse populations are limited. The racial distribution of Oklahoma County closely mirrors that of the United States.
Objective To evaluate VTE incidence and mortality, including demographic and racial subgroups.
Design Population-based prospective study.
Setting We conducted VTE surveillance at all relevant tertiary care facilities and outpatient clinics in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma during 2012 to 2014, using both active and passive methods. Active surveillance involved reviewing all imaging reports used to diagnose VTE. Passive surveillance entailed identifying VTE events from hospital discharge data and death certificate records.
Measurements We used Poisson regression to calculate crude, age-stratified, and age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates per 1,000 population per year and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results The incidence rate of all VTE was 3.02 (2.92–3.12) for those age ≥18 years and 0.05 (0.04–0.08) for those <18 years. The age-adjusted incidence rates of all VTE, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism were 2.47 (95% CI: 2.39–2.55), 1.47 (1.41–1.54), and 0.99 (0.93–1.04), respectively. The age-adjusted VTE incidence and the 30-day mortality rates, respectively, were 0.63 and 0.121 for Asians/Pacific Islanders, 3.25 and 0.355 for blacks, 0.67 and 0.111 for Hispanics, 1.25 and 0.195 for Native Americans, and 2.71 and 0.396 for whites.
Conclusion The age-adjusted VTE incidence and mortality rates vary substantially by race. The incidence of three per 1,000 adults per year indicates an important disease burden, and is informative of the burden in the U.S. population.
Effect of the First Factor VIII Infusions on Immunological Biomarkers in Previously Untreated Patients with Hemophilia A from the HEMFIL Study
Authors: de Oliveira Larissa Maira Moura , Jardim Letícia Lemos , Santana Marcio Antônio Portugal , Cerqueira Mônica Hermida , Lorenzato Claudia Santos , Franco Vivian Karla Brognoli , Zuccherato Luciana Werneck , Rezende Suely Meireles , Chaves Daniel Gonçalves 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHemophilia A (HA) is an inherited bleeding disorder which requires continuous replacement with factor (F) VIII concentrate. The main complication of HA is the development of neutralizing alloantibodies which inhibit FVIII activity (inhibitors). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the first FVIII infusions on immunological biomarkers in previously untreated patients with HA. Plasma samples were collected at enrollment before any FVIII infusion (T0) and at inhibitor development (INB +/T1) or up to 35 exposure days without inhibitors (INB −/T1). Anti-FVIII antibodies (immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G [IgG] 1, IgG3, and IgG4), chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10), and cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor, and IL-17) were assessed. A total of 71 children with severe HA were included, of whom 28 (39.4%) developed inhibitors. Plasma levels of anti-FVIII IgG4, IL-6, and CXCL8 were higher at INB +/T1 when compared with INB −/T1. This group presented a mixed cytokine profile and higher plasma levels of CXCL9 and CXL10 when compared with INB +/T1. We conclude that exposure to FVIII triggers a proinflammatory response mediated by IL-6 and CXCL8 in patients with HA who developed inhibitors. Regardless of inhibitor status, the immune system of all HA patients is stimulated after infusions of FVIII.
Properties, preparation, and application of tungsten disulfide: a review
Authors: Ding Jinzi , Feng Ailing , Li Xiaodong , Ding Shijiu , Liu Liang , Ren Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) attract research interest owing to their unique physical and chemical properties. Among the family of TMDs, tungsten disulfide (WS2) has a unique band structure due to its semiconductor characteristics; namely, its broadband spectral response characteristics, ultra-fast bleach recovery time and excellent saturable light absorption. This article is a review of the current application of WS2 in catalysts, lasers, batteries, photodetectors and lubricants. The review begins with a brief overview of the structure, properties and growth of WS2 and describes the existing preparation methods for this material. Finally, methods for improving the performance of WS2 in its current applications are presented. This review is limited to the most recent reports on this topic.
Hybrid model of radio-frequency low-pressure inductively coupled plasma discharge with self-consistent electron energy distribution and 2D electric field distribution
Authors: Yang Wei , Wang You-Nian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Low-pressure radio-frequency (RF) inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) are extensively used for materials processing. In this work, we have developed a hybrid model consisting of two-dimensional (2D) Maxwell equations with an open boundary, zero-dimensional Boltzmann equation under linear and quasilinear approximations, and a power balance equation. The hybrid model is capable of achieving a self-consistent description of the electron heating mechanism and electron kinetics for the RF ICPs at low pressures. This work presents an investigation of the influence of operating conditions on 2D distributions of electric field and power density, normalized electron energy probability function (EEPF) (effective electron temperature), and plasma density in a low-pressure RF Ar ICP using the hybrid model. The results show that the RF frequency and absorption power significantly affect the 2D distributions and amplitudes of electric field and power density. The normalized EEPF is almost independent of RF frequency and weakly dependent on absorption power but significantly modulated by pressure at low RF frequency. The plasma density is also almost independent of RF frequency but increases with absorption power and pressure. In addition, we have validated the hybrid model against experimental data obtained in the driver region of a two-chamber RF Ar ICP source, where the RF frequency is 13.56 MHz, the power range is 200–1000 W and the pressure range is 0.1–1.0 Pa. The hybrid model qualitatively (and even quantitatively for some cases) reproduces the experimentally normalized EEPF and plasma density. The discrepancies in these plasma parameters could be attributed to the simplified collision processes taken into account in the hybrid model. The developed hybrid model can help us to better understand the effect of discharge conditions on electron kinetics and electron heating mechanism, and to ultimately optimize the parameters of RF ICP sources.
Synergy of coupled kink and tearing modes in fast ion transport
Authors: Yang J , Podestà M , Fredrickson E D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
One aspect of the interaction between fast ions and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities is the fast ion transport. Coupled kink and tearing MHD instabilities have also been reported to cause fast ion transport. Recently, the ‘kick’ model has been developed to compute the evolution of the fast ion distribution from neutral beam injection using instabilities as phase-space resonance sources. The goal of this paper is to utilize the kick model to understand the physics of fast ion transport caused by the coupled kink and tearing modes. Soft x-ray diagnostics are used to identify the mode parameters in the National Spherical Torus Experiment. The comparison of neutron rates measured and computed from time-dependent TRANSP simulation with the kick model shows that the coupling of kink and tearing mode is important in determination of the fast ion transport. The numerical scan of the mode parameters shows that the relative phase of the kink and tearing modes and the overlapping of kink and tearing mode resonances in the phase space can affect the fast ion transport, suggesting that the synergy of the coupled modes may be causing the fast ion transport.
Ultralight dark matter detection with mechanical quantum sensors
Authors: Carney Daniel , Hook Anson , Liu Zhen , Taylor Jacob M , Zhao Yue 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider the use of quantum-limited mechanical force sensors to detect ultralight (sub-meV) dark matter (DM) candidates which are weakly coupled to the standard model. We show that mechanical sensors with masses around or below the milligram scale, operating around the standard quantum limit, would enable novel searches for DM with natural frequencies around the kHz scale. This would complement existing strategies based on torsion balances, atom interferometers, and atomic clock systems.
On rapid oscillations driving biological processes at disparate timescales
Authors: Lunz Davin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider a generic biological process described by a dynamical system, subject to an input signal with a high-frequency periodic component. The rapid oscillations of the input signal induce inherently multiscale dynamics, motivating order-reduction techniques. It is intuitive that the system behaviour is well approximated by its response to the averaged input signal. However, changes to the high-frequency component that preserve the average signal are beyond the reach of such intuitive reasoning. In this study, we explore system response under the influence of such an input signal by exploiting the timescale separation between high-frequency input variations and system response time. Employing the asymptotic method of multiple scales, we establish that, in some circumstances, the intuitive approach is simply the leading-order asymptotic contribution. We focus on higher-order corrections that capture the response to the details of the high-frequency component beyond its average. This approach achieves a reduction in system complexity while providing valuable insight into the structure of the response to the oscillations. We develop the general theory for nonlinear systems, while highlighting the important case of systems affine in the state and the input signal, presenting examples of both discrete and continuum state spaces. Importantly, this class of systems encompasses biochemical reaction networks described by the chemical master equation and its continuum approximations. Finally, we apply the framework to a nonlinear system describing mRNA translation and protein expression previously studied in the literature. The analysis shines new light on several aspects of the system quantification and both extends and simplifies results previously obtained.
Efficient carpet invisibility cloaking with dielectric resonant metasurfaces in terahertz region
Authors: Lu Tian , Feng Dantian , Fang Bo , Zhou Pengwei , Yao Dong , Jing Xufeng , Li Chenxia , Gan Haiyong , He Yingwei , Cai Jinhui , Hong Zhi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The application of metasurface in invisibility technology is mainly based on its phase control function, which provides a new choice for the design of ultra-thin carpet cloaking devices with arbitrary shape. At present, most of the carpet cloaking devices mainly focus on metal structure metasurfaces. The Ohmic loss of metallic materials seriously affects the efficiency of cloaking devices. To reduce Ohmic loss and improve reflection efficiency, a dielectric resonance cylindrical harmonic oscillator is proposed to construct the metasurface layer. Based on the analysis of the principle of carpet reflection cloaking, a dielectric metasurface layer is optimized to cover a triangular scatterer, making it invisible. The near field and far field scattering characteristics of dielectric metasurface carpet cloaking device are numerically simulated to confirm its cloaking effect.
Dispersive analysis of low energy γN→πN process and studies on the N*(890) resonance *
Authors: Ma Yao , Niu Wen-Qi , Yao De-Liang , Zheng Han-Qing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present a dispersive representation of the

partial-wave amplitude based on unitarity and analyticity. In this representation, the right-hand-cut contribution responsible for

final-state-interaction effects is taken into account via an Omnés formalism with elastic

phase shifts as inputs, while the left-hand-cut contribution is estimated by invoking chiral perturbation theory. Numerical fits are performed to pin down the involved subtraction constants. Good fit quality can be achieved with only one free parameter, and the experimental data regarding the multipole amplitude

in the energy region below the

are well described. Furthermore, we extend the

partial-wave amplitude to the second Riemann sheet to extract the couplings of the

. The modulus of the residue of the multipole amplitude

(S

) is

, and the partial width of

at the pole is approximately

, which is almost the same as that of the

resonance, indicating that

strongly couples to the

system.
The microglia response to electrical overstimulation of the retina imaged under a transparent stimulus electrode
Authors: Yohannes Alula R , Jung Christopher Y , Shea Katherine I , Wong Wai T , Beylin Alexander , Cohen Ethan D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective. We investigated using the morphological response of retinal microglia as indicators of tissue damage from electrical overstimulation by imaging them through an optically transparent stimulus electrode. Approach. To track the microglia, we used a transgenic mouse where the microglia expressed a water soluble green fluorescent protein. The clear stimulus electrode was placed epiretinally on the inner limiting membrane and the microglia layers were imaged using time-lapse confocal microscopy. We examined how the microglia responded both temporally and spatially to local overstimulation of the retinal tissue. Using confocal microscope vertical image stacks, the microglia under the electrode were imaged at 2.5 min intervals. The retina was overstimulated for a 5 min period using 1 ms 749 μC cm−2 ph−1 biphasic current pulses and changes in the microglia morphology were followed for 1 h post stimulation. After the imaging period, a label for cellular damage was applied to the retina. Main results. The microglia response to overstimulation depended on their spatial location relative to the electrode lumen and could result in three different morphological responses. Some microglia were severely injured and became a series of immotile ball-like fluorescent processes. Other microglia survived, and reacted rapidly to the injury by extending filopodia oriented toward the damage zone. This response was seen in inner retinal microglia outside the stimulus electrode edge. A third effect, seen with the deeper outer microglia under the electrode, was a fading of their fluorescent image which appeared to be due to optical scatter caused by overstimulation-induced retinal edema. Significance. The microglial morphological responses to electrical overstimulation injury occur rapidly and can show both direct and indirect effects of the stimulus electrode injury. The microglia injury pattern closely follows models of the electric field distribution under thinly insulated disc electrodes.
A study on CNN image classification of EEG signals represented in 2D and 3D
Authors: Bird Jordan J , Faria Diego R , Manso Luis J , Ayrosa Pedro P S , Ekárt Anikó 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective. The novelty of this study consists of the exploration of multiple new approaches of data pre-processing of brainwave signals, wherein statistical features are extracted and then formatted as visual images based on the order in which dimensionality reduction algorithms select them. This data is then treated as visual input for 2D and 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) which then further extract ‘features of features’. Approach. Statistical features derived from three electroencephalography (EEG) datasets are presented in visual space and processed in 2D and 3D space as pixels and voxels respectively. Three datasets are benchmarked, mental attention states and emotional valences from the four TP9, AF7, AF8 and TP10 10–20 electrodes and an eye state data from 64 electrodes. Seven hundred twenty-nine features are selected through three methods of selection in order to form 27 × 27 images and 9 × 9 × 9 cubes from the same datasets. CNNs engineered for the 2D and 3D preprocessing representations learn to convolve useful graphical features from the data. Main results. A 70/30 split method shows that the strongest methods for classification accuracy of feature selection are One Rule for attention state and Relative Entropy for emotional state both in 2D. In the eye state dataset 3D space is best, selected by Symmetrical Uncertainty. Finally, 10-fold cross validation is used to train best topologies. Final best 10-fold results are 97.03% for attention state (2D CNN), 98.4% for Emotional State (3D CNN), and 97.96% for Eye State (3D CNN). Significance. The findings of the framework presented by this work show that CNNs can successfully convolve useful features from a set of pre-computed statistical temporal features from raw EEG waves. The high performance of K-fold validated algorithms argue that the features learnt by the CNNs hold useful knowledge for classification in addition to the pre-computed features.
A construction of MDS involutory matrices using MDS self-dual codes: a preliminary result
Authors: Irwansyah  , Alamsyah I. Muchtadi , Yuliawan F. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) matrices have an important application in cryptography, for example see [1]. In order to reduce the implementation complexities, it is important to consider MDS matrices which are involutory. Some constructions of involutory MDS matrices can be found in [2, 3]. In this paper, we give some properties related to a construction of involutory MDS matrices using orthogonal matrices derived from Euclidean self-dual MDS codes. Then, we do a computer search to find involutory MDS matrices with small sizes using classical simulated annealing algorithm. The proposed construction is different compared to the ones in [2, 3].
Mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission in the presence of waning immunity
Authors: Inayaturohmat F , Zikkah R N , Supriatna A K , Anggriani N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We develop a new transmission model of COVID-19 in the presence of waning immunity with isolation and vaccination in humans. The spreading of the disease is determined by the basic reproduction number (ℜ0). Based on mathematical analysis, we found that the non-endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when ℜ0 < 1 whereas the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when ℜ0 > 1. A numerical simulation is used to show the population dynamics. In conclusion, isolation, and vaccination (once it is available) are regarded as effective strategies for eliminating viruses, or at least to suppress the spread of the disease.