bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern, Causes, and Treatment Outcome of Neonates Admitted at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia.
Authors: Eyebru Addis , Getachew Tamirat , Debela Adera , Degefa Meron , Kebede Daniel , Dheresa Merga 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Neonatal period is the most the vulnerable time for survival of newborns. In Ethiopia, neonatal death remains increasing and requires extraordinary efforts and a novel intervention to reduced neonatal death as those deaths continue to occur in even hospital settings where there are the best neonatal care services. Despite many efforts done to improve the outcome of neonates admitted to hospitals; neonates continue dying in those settings. The causes of neonatal death in Ethiopia varies from place to place. So, identifying the causes of death in the study area is very important for prevention and treatment. The study aimed to assess the causes and factors associated with treatment outcomes. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 707 randomly selected neonates from March 1 to 31, 2020. Data were extracted from medical records using a checklist adapted from WHO and neonatal registration book. The data were inserted into Epi-data version 3.1 and then exported into SPSS window version 22 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to identify the association between independent variables and the outcome variable. Results: From 698 admitted neonates during 2 years period, 594 of them were improved and 104 of them were died. The proportion of neonatal death was 14.9% (95% CI:12.3,17.9). Neonatal sepsis, low birth weight and prematurity were the leading cause of neonatal death. Residency [ AOR=2.30, 95%CI: (1.3, 4.12)], low birth weight [AOR=2.52, 95%CI: (1.24,5.13))], respiratory distress syndrome [AOR =2.86, 95%CI:(1.11.7.35)], neonatal sepsis [AOR= 2.48, 95%CI: (1.40, 4.38)], and Neonates treated with phototherapy and oxygen [ AOR=0.22, 95%CI:(0.088,0.54)], [AOR= 0.47,95%CI:(0.22,0.99)] were factors associated with poor treatment outcome.Conclusion: The causes of neonatal death were mainly from preventable and treatable causes like neonatal sepsis, low birth weight, and prematurity in the study setting. Residency, low birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome, having neonatal sepsis, treatment with phototherapy, and treatment with oxygen were independent factors. The concerned bodies should give attention to neonates admitted to intensive care units by strengthening the quality of care given at the unit and strengthening early detection and prevention of neonatal problems during post-partum periods.
Prevalence of oral mucosal lesion in peri-urban area of Lucknow city (Uttar Pradesh)
Authors: Singh Pallavi , Malhotra Shitanshu , Agarwal Neha , Mishra Gaurav , Dubey Himangi 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: . The oral mucosa performs essential protective functions that affect the general health of the patient. Oral lesions can cause discomfort or pain that interferes with mastication, swallowing, and speech. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in periurban area in the city of Lucknow aged 15 years and above. Settings and Design: A multistage random sampling was done for identifying the study sample. Materials & Methods: In the first stage. all peri-urban areas of Lucknow city was grouped into four geographical zones. Second stage consisted of random selection of 20 peri-urban areas by lottery method (5 from each zone). In third stage there was selection of individuals using simple random method. A total of 45 individuals was selected. Thus a total 900 individuals was selected (i.e. 225 from each zone). Results: The prevalence of oral mucosal lesion in the present study was found to be 11.8%. The percentage of patients suffering from leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and lichen planus was 51.9%, 20.8% & 11.3% respectively. Conclusion: This survey high-lighted the rampant misuse of variety of harmful substances as well as the high prevalence of oral lesions in the community.
Analisis Kesehatan dan Kualitas Daging Babi Berdasarkan Mata Rantai Peredarannya
Authors: Swacita Ida Bagus Ngurah , Suada I Ketut , Sitepu Agung Denlira , Tasia Agnes - 
Published: March 2021

WHO menyatakan bahwa, sekitar 75% penyakit-penyakit baru yang menyerang manusia dalam dua dasa warsa terakhir disebabkan oleh patogen-patogen yang berasal dari hewan atau produk hewan, sehingga produk pangan asal hewan (daging) berpotensi berbahaya kepada konsumen. Oleh sebab itu aspek kesehatan dan keamanan pangan asal hewan (daging) perlu mendapat perhatian khusus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kesehatan dan kualitas daging babi dari tempat produksi sampai mata rantai peredarannya yaitu kios daging atau pasar). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksploratif kualitatif yaitu menganalisis kesehatan daging babi secara inspeksi, palpasi dan insisi serta kualitas daging babi diperiksa secara subjektif meliputi uji warna, aroma, konsistensi, dan tekstur, serta uji objektif meliputi uji Daya Ikat Air, Kadar Air, pH, dan awal pembusukan. Sampel penelitian diambil dari tempat produksi (rumah pemotongan hewan Pesanggaran dan Dharmasaba) dan kios daging di Pasar Badung dan Pasar Kereneng), dengan total sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 sampel. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daging babi dari tempat produksi sampai tempat peredarannya, kesehatannya baik (tidak ditemukan kelainan). Demikian pula, daging babi dari tempat produksi (RPH Pesanggaran maupun Dharmasaba) sampai di tempat peredarannya yaitu kios pasar Badung dan kios pasar Kereneng, kualitasnya sesuai dengan standar. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kesehatan dan kualitas daging babi dari tempat produksi sampai mata rantai peredarannya masih baik, sehingga dapat direkomendasi sehat, aman dan layak untuk dikonsumsi.
Increased Tax Avoidance By Leverage Through Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure
Authors: Pattiasina Victor , Rina Sejati Fajar , Yamin Noch Muhamad , Aldrin Akbar Muhamad , Prasetyaningrum Septyana , Nugrohowati Nur Fitriani , Yohanes Tamaela Eduard , Said Perintah Stia 
Published: March 2021

This study aims at examining and analysing the effect of leverage on tax avoidance. The moderating variable is disclosing corporate social responsibility. The population in the current study is manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector. The companies were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISE) from 2013 to 2017. To examine the hypotheses, Moderation Regression Analysis (MRA) was applied. The results prove that leverage has a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance. Moreover, the corporate social responsibility disclosure is proven to strengthen the effect of leverage on tax avoidance.
Keywords: Leverage; Tax Avoidance; Corporate Social Responsibility.
Tindak Tutur Asertif dalam Drama 5 Ji Kara 9 Ji Made Karya Shin Hirano
Authors: Chandrayani Ni Made Ary Puspita , Andry Anita Dewi Ni Made 
Published: March 2021

This study entitled Tindak tutur asertif dalam drama 5 ji kara 9 ji made karya Shin Hirano. In addition, this study is to find out the perlocutionary effect that was inflicted by the speaker towards the interlocutors through the assertive illocutionary act. Furthermore, this study applied a theory concerning speech act proposed by Searle (1985). In terms of analyzing data, the method and technique of identity method (metode padan) with a pragmatic approach was applied in this jurnal. The result, that there were 19 data which were assertive utterances. The data in the form consists of 4 assertive speech data that serves to suggest, 4 assertive speech data with complaining function, 5 assertive speech data with notification function, 3 data with proud function, and 3 data with reporting function. The form of the perlocutionary effect found in interpersonal conversations is convincing, persuading, inciting, apologizing, expressing thanks, making anger, rejecting requests, mocking, and distrust.
Differential Impact of COVID-19 on Urban Versus Rural Dermatologic Practice Logistics and Recovery: A Cross-Sectional Investigation of the First Wave
Authors: Marson Justin , Litchman Graham , Rigel Darrell 
Published: March 2021

Background: COVID-19 materially delayed patient visits and potential skin cancer biopsies/diagnoses among US dermatology practices. However, given a likely heterogenous impact across the US, this study sought to determine COVID-19’s effect on urban versus rural dermatology practices.
Methods: Data were analyzed from the first 1000 responses to 3 pre-validated surveys of 9891 practicing US dermatologists comparing outpatient volumes and scheduling issues for the week of February 17th to the week of March 16th (Survey 1), April 13th (Survey 2) and May 18th, 2020 (Survey 3). First 3 US zip-code digits were compared to US Census Bureau data to determine “Urban/Rural” status. Representativeness with AAD membership was confirmed. Statistical significance was calculated using chi-square with Marascuilo procedure and two-tailed independent t-test/ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey-Kramer testing.
Results: In April 2020 urban practices reported more closed practices (21.4% vs 5.8%, p<0.0001) and predicted significantly larger patient volume decreases (-45.2% vs -31.4%, p<0.0001) and practice closures (11.9% vs. 2.5% p<0.0001) in the following 2 weeks. In May 2020, urban areas saw significantly fewer patients/week (90.9 vs 142.4 p<0.0001), larger decrease in patient volume relative to May 2019 (-49.4% vs -35.1%, p<0.0001), and conducted more telemedicine visits (27.0% vs 15.1%, p<0.0001). Significantly more rural practices reported already being at baseline volume (Mean Difference 6.2%, 95% CI 2.7%-9.8%) while urban practices predicted return to baseline volume by August (5.7, 95% CI 2.1%-9.3%) or were unsure (5.6, 95% CI 1.6%-9.7%).
Conclusion: The initial COVID-19 pandemic differentially affected urban dermatology practices. The effects of the pandemic were mitigated in part by increased use telemedicine. Future studies may further elucidate COVID-19’s effect on clinical practice and highlight areas for improvement in practice logistics and patient care.
Use of Absorbable Cutaneous Sutures Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hoyer Paige , Croley Julie , Wagner, Jr. Richard F. 
Published: March 2021

The use of absorbable epicuticular sutures is highlighted as a measure to decrease the number of patient visits, eliminating the risk of additional exposures for patients and medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. We present a case where the use of absorbable epicuticular sutures was preferred over non-absorbable sutures. Studies have shown no significant difference in cosmetic outcomes between non-absorbing suture and absorbable suture. Many patients express anxiety over the thought of suture removal, and often ask if the sutures will “dissolve on their own” during the surgery. Use of absorbable top sutures is one way surgeons can help allay this fear, and studies have shown similar patient satisfaction between absorbable and non-absorbable sutures. Additional stress may be prominent during the current pandemic. Dermatologic surgeons should strongly consider the use of absorbable cutaneous sutures during this pandemic, as this likely improves patient and staff safety, and studies have shown similar cosmetic outcomes and patient satisfaction.
Averaging method for impulsive differential inclusions with fuzzy right-hand side
Authors: Skripnik N. V. 
Published: March 2021

In this paper the substantiation of the partial scheme of the averaging method for impulsive differential inclusions with fuzzy right-hand side in terms of R - solutions on the finite interval is considered.Consider the impulsive differential inclusion with the fuzzy right-hand side $$\dot x \in \varepsilon F(t,x) ,\ t \not= t_i,\ x(0)\in X_0,\quad\Delta x \mid _{t=t_i} \in \varepsilon I_i (x),\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad (1)$$ where $t\in \mathbb{R}_+ $ is time, $x \in \mathbb{R}^n $ is a phase variable, $\varepsilon > 0 $ is a small parameter,$ F \colon \mathbb{R}_+ \times \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{E}^n,$ $I_i \colon \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{E}^n $ are fuzzy mappings, moments $t_i$ are enumerated in the increasing order.Associate with inclusion (1) the following partial averaged differential inclusion $$\dot\xi \in \varepsilon \widetilde F (t, \xi ),\ t \not= s_j ,\ \xi (0) \in X_0,\quad \Delta \xi \vert _{t=s_j} \in \varepsilon K_j (\xi ),\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\quad (2),$$ where the fuzzy mappings $ \widetilde F \colon \mathbb{R}_+ \times \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{E}^n ; \quad K_j \colon \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{E}^n $ satisfy the condition $$\lim _{T \to \infty } \frac 1T D \Big( \int\limits_t^{t+T} F(t,x) dt + \sum_{t \leq t_i < t+T} I_i (x),\int\limits_t^{t+T} \widetilde F(t,x)dt +\sum_{t \leq s_j < t+T} K_j (x) \Big) = 0,\quad\quad (3)$$ moments $s_j$ are enumerated in the increasing order. In the paper is proved the following main theorem:{\sl Let in the domain $ Q = \lbrace t \geq 0 , x \in G\subset \mathbb{R}^n \rbrace $ the following conditions fulfill:$1)$ fuzzy mappings $ F (t,x), \widetilde F(t,x), I_i(x),K_j(x) $are continuous, uniformly bounded with constant $M$, concave in $x,$ satisfy Lipschitz condition in $x$ with constant $ \lambda ;$$2)$ uniformly with respect to $t, x$ limit (3) exists and $\frac 1T i(t,t+T) \leq d < \infty ,\ \frac 1T j(t,t+T) \leq d < \infty,$where $i(t,t+T)$ and $j(t,t+T)$ are the quantities of impulse moments $t_i$ and $s_j$ on the interval$ [ t, t+T ] $;$3)$ {\rm R}-solutions of inclusion (2) for all $ X_0 \subset G^{\prime} \subset G $for $ t \in [0,L^{\ast} \varepsilon ^{-1} ] $ belong to the domain $G$ with a $ \rho $- neighborhood.Then for any $\eta > 0 $ and $L \in (0,L^{\ast}]$ there exists $\varepsilon _0 (\eta,L) \in (0,\sigma ] $ such that for all $\varepsilon \in (0, \varepsilon _0 ]$ and $t \in [0,L \varepsilon ^{-1}] $ the inequality holds:$D(R(t, \varepsilon ), \widetilde R (t, \varepsilon)) < \eta,$ where $R(t, \varepsilon), \widetilde R(t, \varepsilon ) $ are the {\rm R-} solutions of inclusions (1) and (2), $R(0, \varepsilon ) = \widetilde R (0, \varepsilon).$
Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia and the Impact on Nuclear Cardiology Services: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Zanial Ahmad Zaid , Aminudin Syifaa , Mohamad Najib FatinHayani , Hassan Siti Zarina Amir 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Nuclear cardiology applying radioactive tracer and hybrid imaging techniques are able to provide information needed to detect and evaluate ischaemic heart diseases. In our centre, nuclear cardiology services involving stress and rest myocardial perfusion scans and viability studies contribute about 40% of overall scan workload. The second wave of COVID- 19 pandemic in Malaysia announced by the end of February 2020 has affected nuclear cardiology services.Objectives: Our aims were to determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic second wave on the nuclear cardiology imaging studies performed as well as to ascertain crucial institutional experience especially unavoidable problem and adjustment during the period.Methods: A review of Technetium-99m tetrofosmin radiopharmaceutical dispensing data and scan records for 1st February to 31st August 2019 and 2020 was conducted at Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Figures were compiled and statistical analysis done. Survey and focus discussion conducted involving nuclear medicine physicians, pharmacists and physic officers to identify the main difficulty faced and most important Job-adapting measure taken.Results: A total of 1109 cardiac radiopharmaceutical doses dispensed during the studied period but were less when compared to 1342 doses dispensed last year. Significant reduction was noted in April and May 2020 with only 69 and 67 cases respectively in comparison with monthly average of 192 cases in 2019. Although some scan appointments were postponed to avoid the usual waiting area congestions, the main difficulty faced was Technetium-99m generator supply disruption with limited production in Europe and international transportation restriction. Implementing infection control standard operating procedure (SOP) instructions as part of routine work practice with emphasis of time, distance and shielding concept was the most important Job-adapting measure.Conclusion: Nuclear cardiology services were affected by the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic locally. Main problem ascertained was disruption of radioactive supply. Most important adjustment was infection control SOP implementation.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2021 Page: S25
PENGARUH PENERAPAN METODE KERJA KELOMPOK TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR TARI TANGGAI PADA SISWA KELAS VIII DI SMP NEGERI 33 PALEMBANG
Authors: FARADILLAH DESY , HERA TRENY 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas pengaruh penerapan metode kerja kelompok terhadap hasil belajar tari Tanggai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh penerapan metode kerja kelompok terhadap hasil belajar tari Tanggai pada siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 33 Palembang.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Sampling Purposive yaitu teknik penentuan sampel dengan pertimbangan tertentu. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 11 siswa laki-laki dan 20 siswa perempuan. Sebelum perlakuan metode pembelajaran yang digunakan yaitu metode demonstrasi, setelah perlakuan metode yang digunakan yaitu metode kerja kelompok. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes berupa tes unjuk kerja dan analisis data menggunakan Uji-t.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti, didapatlah nilai Pre-test siswa dengan nilai rata-rata 68,3 dan nilai rata-rata Post-test siswa yaitu 85,2. Setelah memperoleh data hasil tes siswa, peneliti melakukan analisa data dengan menggunakan rumus Uji-t, diperoleh = 8,73 dan Â dengan taraf signifikan Â dan dk 30 diperoleh nilai Â = 2,04. Dengan demikian Â (8,73 Â yang berarti Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Dari hasil analisis data maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya pengaruh penerapan metode kerja kelompok terhadap hasil belajar tari Tanggai pada siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 33 Palembang.Â Kata Kunci : Pengaruh, Metode Kerja Kelompok, Hasil Belajar
PEMBELAJARAN TARI INDANG MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TUTOR SEBAYA KEPADA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 14 PALEMBANG
Authors: IRNAWILIS IRNAWILIS 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKÂ Masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimanakah pembelajaran Tari Indang dengan model pembelajaran tutor sebaya siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 14 Palembang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tentang bagaimana pembelajaran Seni Budaya dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menari Tari Indang dengan menggunakan metode tutor sebaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriftifÂ kualitatif, yang merupakan bentuk penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti dalam pembelajaran Tari Indang siswa kelas VIII dengan cara mengamati proses pembelajaran Tari Indang dan mendeskripsikannya. Teknik pengumpulan data dan analisis data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa berdasarkan hasil pembahasan, proses pembelajaran Seni Budaya dalam pembelajaran Tari Indang siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 14 PalembangÂ Â telah dilakukan sesuai dengan kurikulum/ silabus yang telah disesuaikan dengan keadaan siswa, meliputi tujuan, materi / bahan, metode, media, dan evaluasi pembelajaran. Pada hasil penelitian ,peneliti mengadakan penelitian selama waktu empat minggu dengan empat kali pertemuan. Penilaian yang dilakukan oleh guru mata pelajaran seni budaya dengan menggunakan penilaian praktik, hasil data siswa yang mencapai tuntas belajar nilai rata-rata 81 dengan kategori baik. Pada pelaksanaan penelitian di kelas VIII.1 SMP Negeri14 Palembang ini, kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi: (a) perencanaan, (b) pelaksanaan, dan (c) evaluasi. Pembelajaran Tari Indang dilaksanakan di kelas VIII.1 SMP Negeri 14 Palembang dengan jadwal yang telah ditentukan oleh peneliti yaitu 4 kali pertemuan.Â Kata Kunci : Pembelajaran Tari Indang, Metode Tutor Sebaya
BENTUK PENYAJIAN TARI RODAT DI JAMAâ€™ATUL IHSAN 35 ILIR KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Sari Qumala 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKÂ Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah bentuk penyajian tari Rodat di Jamaâ€™atul Ihsan 35 ilir kota Palembang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan bentuk penyajian tari Rodat di Jamaâ€™atul Ihsan 35 ilir kota Palembang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jamaâ€™atul Ihsan 35 Ilir kota Palembang. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah Kgs. Muhammad Azmi Makmur MA dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, sajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Tari Rodat merupakan kesenian tari tradisional yang bernapaskan Islam, dimana tari ini digunakan untuk misi berdakwah dan menyebarkan agama Islam karena dalam tari ini terdapat syair-syair pujian kepada Allah Swt dan Rasul-Nya. Tari ini berkembang seiring dengan tradisi memperingati Maulid Nabi di kalangan umat Islam di kota Palembang. Tari Rodat ditarikan dengan Leyek (menari sambil duduk). Tari ini biasanya ditarikan oleh kaum laki-laki yang berdominan anak-anak remaja. Penari tari Rodat berjumlah 12 orang atau penarinya harus berjumlah genap. Sedangkan pemusik dalam tari Rodat terdapat tiga bagian yaitu: penabuh umak, penabuh ningka, pengiring ningka. Tari Rodat ini biasanya tergabung dalam PPSA (Perkumpulan Pelajar Syarofal Anam). PPSA Jamaâ€™atul Ihsan sudah ada sebelum Indonesia mendapatkan kemerdekaannya yang didirikan oleh yang biasanya disapa dengan Anang Bintang yang merupakan orang asli dari Palembang. Tari Rodat ditampilkan pada acara memperingati Maulid Nabi, acara khitanan, acara peresmian nama dan hari-hari besar Islam.Kata Kunci : Bentuk Penyajian, Tari Rodat,Palembang
PENGARUH FLUKTUASI HARGA EMAS, INFLASI, BI RATE DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PEMBIAYAAN PRODUK GADAI EMAS BANK UMUM SYARIAH
Authors: Paleni Herman , Erfiani Mia 
Published: March 2021

Islamic bank are bank that carry out business activites based on Islamic principles, namely agreements based on Islamic law between bank and customers in accordance with Islamic law. The function of the bank is as an intermediary between people who are over-funded and those who are short of founds. There are many product channeling founds in Islamic banking one of which is gold mortgage financing. In 2012, golg mortgage financing experienced a very high increase but in 203 as slight decline until finally the decrease in the financing of the lowest gold mortgage that is in 2015. This is what makes the author interested to comply with the reduction of gold mortgage financing. The method of analysis used in this research is the method of panel data regression analysis done with Eviews 8. One of the requirements to perform multiple analysis test needs to be tested classical assumption. It is necessary that the resulting regression equation be BLUE (Best, Linear, Unbiased, Estimator). In addition to assess the goodness of fit a model tested coefficient of determination, F test, and t test. This study uses quarterly data from 20012-2018 for each research variable. The results of this study indicate that the variable gold price fluctuations, the BI Rate has a negative effect on the financing of gold pawning products and the inflation variable has an effect on the financing of the gold price variables and firm size have a positive effect on the financing of gold pawning products.