bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Treatment Protocol With Microneedle Fractional Radiofrequency for Treatment of Body Skin Laxity and Fat Deposits
Authors: Alexiades Macrene , Munavalli Gilly S. 
Published: March 2021

Background and ObjectivesTreatment modalities have been developed to address patient concerns with skin laxity and focal adipose excess. A previously published multicenter clinical trial reported improvement in cellulite severity after a single dermal and subcutaneous treatment on the upper thigh with a microneedle radiofrequency device. In the current study, this device was used to improve the esthetic appearance of body skin laxity and localized fat deposits above the knee, upper arms, and upper‐mid back/axillary region (“bra‐line”).Study Design/Materials and MethodsSubjects with cellulite, skin laxity, and/or subcutaneous adipose excess in the suprapatellar region of the anterior thigh, upper arms, and bra‐line underwent a single dermal and/or subcutaneous treatment. Investigators and subjects assessed outcome at 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐month follow‐up, using 5‐point Likert scales for global esthetic improvement, skin laxity improvement, and satisfaction.ResultsIn total, 31 females (mean age 51 ± 9 years) with Fitzpatrick skin types I–IV received a single treatment on 62 treatment areas: 22 upper arms, 34 suprapatellar, and 6 bra‐lines. Investigator assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months for global esthetic improvement and skin laxity for the upper arms and bra‐line demonstrated improvements in 100% of subjects at all timepoints; for the suprapatellar region, these values were 69%, 92%, 65%, and 85%, 92%, 65%, respectively. Investigator satisfaction at each timepoint was satisfied or very satisfied in 80%, 100%, 90% for upper arms; 80%, 80%, 80% for bra‐line; and 50%, 81%, 65% for suprapatellar region. Subject self‐assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months for global esthetic improvement and skin laxity for the upper arms demonstrated improvements in 100% of subjects at all timepoints; for the bra‐line, these values were 40%, 60%, 80%, and 60%, 60%, 80%, respectively; for the suprapatellar region, these values were 81%, 92%, 88%, and 69%, 85%, 88%, respectively. Subject satisfaction at each timepoint was satisfied or very satisfied in 80%, 100%, 100% for upper arms; 40%, 40%, 80% for bra‐line; and 50%, 77%, 65% for suprapatellar. Treatments were well tolerated with subjects reporting transient erythema and edema associated with 69% and 46% of treatments, respectively. Mild bruising, resolving within 5 days, was reported after 32% of the treatments.ConclusionMicroneedle fractional radiofrequency provides a single treatment protocol to improve the esthetic appearance of body skin laxity and localized adipose excess to the upper arms, bra‐line, and suprapatellar regions. Further study is warranted to evaluate the degree of improvement and long‐term effect beyond 6 months post‐treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC
Picosecond Laser treatment of Striae Distensae: In vivo Evaluation of Results by 3D Analysis, Reflectance Confocal Microscopy, and Patient′s Satisfaction
Authors: Fusano Marta , Galimberti Michela G. , Bencini Matelda , Guida Stefania , Bencini Pier Luca 
Published: March 2021

Background and ObjectivesThe efficacy of picosecond laser (PSL) in the treatment of striae distensae (SD) has been recently reported; otherwise, the base for this improvement has not been clarified yet. The aim of this study is to treat long‐lasting SD with PLS and to describe their in vivo morphological variations after treatment using three‐dimensional (3D) imaging and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM).Study Design/Materials and MethodsA total of 27 patients asking for treatment for SD were treated with four monthly sessions of PLS. Clinical improvement was estimated through a blinded evaluation performed by two independent dermatologists, Global Assessment Improvement Scale (GAIS), patients′ satisfaction, 3D imaging, and RCM assessments at baseline and 6 months after the last laser session.ResultsAlthough a clinical improvement of SD was observed in 81.4% of patients according to physicians′ GAIS, only 66.6% of patients reported subjective improvement and satisfaction after treatment (P = 0.04). 3D imaging revealed a significant improvement in terms of skin texture (P < 0.001) and mean SD depth (P < 0.001). Otherwise, RCM highlighted collagen remodeling and the appearance of new dermal papillae in all the treated SD compared with baseline.ConclusionsThe present study confirms that PLS represents a safe treatment option for SD; herein, we report morphological documentation of skin variations after PLS treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Enrichment of progenitor cells by 2‐acetylaminofluorene accelerates liver carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine in vivo
Authors: Castro‐Gil María Paulette , Sánchez‐Rodríguez Ricardo , Torres‐Mena Julia Esperanza , López‐Torres Carlos David , Quintanar‐Jurado Valeria , Gabiño‐López Nayeli Belem , Villa‐Treviño Saúl , del‐Pozo‐Jauner Luis , Arellanes‐Robledo Jaime , Pérez‐Carreón Julio Isael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe potential role of hepatocytes versus hepatic progenitor cells (HPC) on the onset and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully clarified. Because the administration of 2‐acetylaminofluorene (2AAF) followed by a partial hepatectomy, selectively induces the HPC proliferation, we investigated the effects of chronic 2AAF administration on the HCC development caused by the chronic administration of the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN) for 16 weeks in the rat. DEN + 2AAF protocol impeded weight gain of animals but promoted prominent hepatomegaly and exacerbated liver alterations compared to DEN protocol alone. The tumor areas detected by γ‐glutamyl transferase, prostaglandin reductase‐1, and glutathione S‐transferase Pi−1 liver cancer markers increased up to 80% as early as 12 weeks of treatment, meaning 6 weeks earlier than DEN alone. This protocol also increased the number of Ki67‐positive cells and those of CD90 and CK19, two well‐known progenitor cell markers. Interestingly, microarray analysis revealed that DEN + 2AAF protocol differentially modified the global gene expression signature and induced the differential expression of 30 genes identified as HPC markers as early as 6 weeks of treatment. In conclusion, 2AAF induces the early appearance of HPC markers and as a result, accelerates the hepatocarcinogenesis induced by DEN in the rat. Thus, since 2AAF simultaneously administrated with DEN enriches HPC during hepatocarcinogenesis, we propose that DEN + 2AAF protocol might be a useful tool to investigate the cellular origin of HCC with progenitor features.
MALT1 as a promising target to treat lymphoma and other diseases related to MALT1 anomalies
Authors: Liang Xuewu , Cao YiChun , Li Chunpu , Yu Haolan , Yang Chenghua , Liu Hong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) is a key adaptor protein that regulates the NF‐κB pathway, in which MALT1 functions as a scaffold protein and protease to trigger downstream signals. The abnormal expression of MALT1 is closely associated with lymphomagenesis and other diseases, including solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. MALT1 is the only protease in the underlying pathogenesis of these diseases, and its proteolytic activity can be pharmacologically regulated. Therefore, MALT1 is a potential and promising target for anti‐lymphoma and other MALT1‐related disease treatments. Currently, the development of MALT1 inhibitors is still in its early stages. This review presents an overview of MALT1, particularly its X‐ray structures and biological functions, and elaborates on the pathogenesis of diseases associated with its dysregulation. We then summarize previously reported MALT1 inhibitors, focusing on their molecular structure, biological activity, structure–activity relationship, and limitations. Finally, we propose future research directions to accelerate the discovery of novel MALT1 inhibitors with clinical applications. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of MALT1‐related research advances and serves as a theoretical basis for drug discovery and research.
Identification of rare heterozygous linkage R965C‐R1309H mutations in the pore‐forming region of SCN5A gene associated with complex arrhythmia
Authors: Lin Yubi , Qin Jiading , Shen Yuhui , Huang Jiana , Zhang Zuoquan , Zhu ZhiLing , Lu Huifang , Huang Yin , Yin Yuelan , Wang Ani , Jin Lizi , Hu Zhenyu , Lin Xiufang , Jiang Bin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the genetic background of a Chinese Han family in which some members presented with complex arrhythmias including sick sinus syndrome, progressive conduction block, atrial fibrillation, atrial standstill and Brugada syndrome. The possible underlying mechanism associated with the genetic mutation was explored.MethodsTargeted capture sequencing was conducted in the probands in the coding and splicing regions of genes implicated in inherited arrhythmias. Stable cell lines overexpressing wild type (WT) or mutant SCN5A were generated in HEK293T cells. Whole‐cell recording was performed to evaluate the functional changes in sodium channels.ResultsThe rare heterozygous linkage mutations, SCN5A R965C and R1309H, were found in these patients with complex familial arrhythmias. Compared to WT, R965C or R1309H, the peak current of sodium channel was dramatically reduced in HEK293T cell with linkage R965C‐R1309H mutation when testing potentials ranging from −45 to 15 mV. Notably, the maximum peak current of sodium channels with R1309H and linkage R965C‐R1309H displayed significant decreases of 31.5% and 73.34%, respectively, compared to WT. Additionally, compared to R965C or R1309H alone, the linkage mutation R965C‐R1309H demonstrated not only a more obvious depolarisation‐shifted activation and hyperpolarisation‐shifted inactivation, but also a more significant alteration in the time constant, V1/2 and the slope factor of activation and inactivation.ConclusionsThe linkage mutation SCN5A R965C‐R1309H led to a more dramatically reduced current density, as well as more significant depolarisation‐shifted activation and hyperpolarisation‐shifted inactivation in sodium channels than R965C or R1309H alone, which potentially explain this complex familial arrhythmia syndrome.
A novel mutation in NF1 gene of patient with Neurofibromatosis type 1: A case report and functional study
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Jia Caiwei , Dong Zhiya , Li Chuanyin , Lu Wenli 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant inherited disease and caused by NF1 gene mutation. Its clinical manifestations include multiple cafe´‐au lait (CAL) spots, skinfold freckling, neurofibroma, bone dysplasia, learning disabilities, and an increased risk of malignancy.Methods and ResultsHere, we reported a Chinese patient bearing with a novel NF1 mutation (c.2064delGGATGCAGCGG/p.Gly672AsnfsTer24) and complaining mainly about bone phenotype. Functional studies found that this novel mutation caused the damage of NF1 mRNA and protein levels, and lost the inhibition on Ras/Erk signaling.ConclusionA novel mutation in NF1 gene was identified and in vitro functional studies were performed, which provided a potential molecular mechanism to explain the bone maldevelopment of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1.
Technical Note: Self‐shielding evaluation and radiation leakage measurement of a jawless ring gantry linac with a beam stopper
Authors: Cai Bin , Laugeman Eric , Hsu HsinLu , Green Olga , Knutson Nels , Goddu S. Murty , Mutic Sasa , Du Shuhua , Henke Lauren , Kim Hyun , Hugo Geoffrey D. 
Published: March 2021

PurposeTo characterize the shielding design and leakage radiation from a newly released ring gantry linac (Halcyon, Varian Medical Systems).MethodsTo assess the radiation leakage surrounding headshield and the radiation level after the beam stopper, measurements were made with GafChromic films. To evaluate the in‐room radiation levels, the radiation leakage in the isocenter plane was measured with a large volume spherical ionization chamber (Exradin A6, Standard Imaging). A lead enclosure was constructed to shield the chamber from the low energy scatter radiation from the room. The radiation level at multiple locations was measured with the MLC fully closed and gantry at 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, and 315 degrees. The leakage radiation passing through multiple concrete slabs with various thickness was recorded in a narrow beam geometry to determine the tenth value layer (TVL).ResultsA uniform leakage (<0.05%) at 1 m from electron beam line was measured surrounding the linac head with the maximum leakage measured at the top of the head enclosure. The highest radiation level (<0.08%) was measured near the edge of the beam stopper when projected to the measurement plane. The maximum radiation levels due to the head leakage at 15 locations inside the treatment room were recorded and a radiation map was plotted. The maximum leakage was measured at points that along the electron beam line while the gantry at 90 or 270 degree and at the end of head enclosure (0.314%, 0.4 m from electron beamline). The leakage TVL value is found to be 226 mm in a narrow beam geometry with the concrete density of 2.16 g/cm3 or 134.6 lb/cu.ft.ConclusionAn overall uniform leakage was measured surrounding linac head. The beam stopper shields the primary radiation with the highest valued measured near the edge of beam stopper. The leakage TVL values are derived and less than the values reported for conventional C‐arm linac.
Sacralization in the Mary Rose and Kronan assemblages: An inconsistently recorded anomaly
Authors: Drew Rose , Kjellström Anna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aims to promote consistent observations of sacralization, a relatively common form of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV). Sacralization can inform on genetic affiliation. There are four types, ranging from enlarged transverse processes to bony ankylosis. Complete sacralization reportedly occurs in 1.5%–14% of archeological and modern populations, yet clinical studies can conflate types, resulting in rates as high as 46%. Archeologically obtained sacra and lower lumbar vertebrae from two historical shipwrecks (16th century English warship Mary Rose and 17th century Swedish warship Kronan) are compared via gross observation. These semi‐documented individuals, fit enough to be on a warship during battle, have a documented cause, manner, and date of death. The assemblages yield 120 sacra; complete sacralization is compared between the crews. Both crude and true prevalence of bony ankyloses are recorded with χ2 analyses testing significance. Both samples have 16.7% true prevalence of complete sacralization, with 38.3% of Mary Rose sacra and 26.7% of Kronan sacra showing some variant of LSTV. It is possible the high rates of sacralization shown in both crews are related to the samples being drawn from similar populations: a Swedish clinical study finds a similar rate of 13.9% for “complete” sacralization. However, reported rates of less than 1.0% in other archeological samples suggest that true sacralization is inconsistently recognized. Finally, clinical and archeological studies either conflate all types or fail to state their diagnostic criteria, reducing the ability to accurately compare findings.
The child ecosystem and childhood pulmonary tuberculosis: A South African perspective
Authors: DeAtley Teresa , Workman Lesley , Theron Grant , Bélard Sabine , Prins Margaretha , Bateman Lindy , Grobusch Martin P. , Dheda Keertan , Nicol Mark P. , Sorsdahl Katherine , Kuo Caroline , Stein Dan J. , Zar Heather J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigates drivers of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) using a childhood ecosystem approach in South Africa. An ecosystem approach toward identifying risk factors for PTB may identify targeted interventions.MethodsData were collected as part of a prospective cohort study of children presenting at a primary care facility or tertiary hospital with possible TB. Characterization of the childhood ecosystem included proximal, medial, and distal determinants. Proximal determinants included child characteristics that could impact PTB outcomes. Medial determinants included relational factors, such as caregiver health, which might impact interactions with the child. Distal determinants included macro‐level determinants of disease, such as socioeconomic status and food insecurity. Children who started on TB treatment were followed for up to 6 months. Multivariate regression models tested independent associations between factors associated with PTB in children.ResultsOf 1202 children enrolled, 242 (20%) of children had confirmed PTB, 756 (63%) were started on TB treatment, and 444 (37%) had respiratory conditions other than TB. In univariate analyses, childhood malnutrition and caregiver smoking were associated with treated or confirmed PTB. In multivariate analyses, proximal factors, such as male gender and hospitalization, as well as low socioeconomic status as a distal factor, were associated with PTB.ConclusionsInterventions may need to target subgroups of children and families with elevated proximal, medial, and distal risk factors for PTB. Screening for risk factors, such as caregiver's health, may guide targeting. The provision of social protection programs to bolster economic security may be an important intervention for attenuating childhood exposure to risk factors.
Variety of size and form of GRM2 bacterial microcompartment particles
Authors: Cesle Eva Emilija , Filimonenko Anatolij , Tars Kaspars , Kalnins Gints 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are bacterial organelles involved in enzymatic processes, such as carbon fixation, choline, ethanolamine and propanediol degradation, and others. Formed of a semi‐permeable protein shell and an enzymatic core, they can enhance enzyme performance and protect the cell from harmful intermediates. With the ability to encapsulate non‐native enzymes, BMCs show high potential for applied use. For this goal, a detailed look into shell form variability is significant to predict shell adaptability. Here we present four novel 3D cryo‐EM maps of recombinant Klebsiella pneumoniae GRM2 BMC shell particles with the resolution in range of 9 to 22 Å and nine novel 2D classes corresponding to discrete BMC shell forms. These structures reveal icosahedral, elongated, oblate, multi‐layered and polyhedral traits of BMCs, indicating considerable variation in size and form as well as adaptability during shell formation processes.
Postoperative peripheral neuropathies associated with patient positioning during robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP): A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Cornelius Julian , Mudlagk Jonas , Afferi Luca , Baumeister Philipp , Mattei Agostino , Moschini Marco , Iselin Christophe , Mordasini Livio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a systematic review of the literature concerning postoperative peripheral neuropathies associated with patient positioning during robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP).Patients and MethodsA systematic review on articles published from January 1, 1990 to March 15, 2020 was performed in accordance with the PRISMA declaration (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis). The electronic search was done searching through the Cochrane Registry, PubMed/EMBASE, Medline, and Scopus. Relevant papers addressing postoperative peripheral neuropathies related to patient positioning during RARP were integrated into the analyses.ResultsAfter screening 4975 articles, one randomized controlled trial and five retrospective studies with a total of 63,667 patients were included in this review. Peripheral neuropathies of the upper extremities were documented in three articles with a total of 15 patients, peripheric neuropathies of the lower extremities were reported in five articles with a total of 76 patients. Analysis of the data was exploratory, since screening techniques, systematically reporting, and description of positioning techniques was not standardized or not reported.ConclusionsThe incidence of peripheral neuropathies at RARP varies between 1.3% and 10.8%. Lower extremities are more affected than upper extremities and the most important risk factors are intraoperative time duration, patients comorbidities, and ASA score. High‐quality prospective randomized studies to better assess the impact of patient positioning during RARP on the development postoperative peripheral neuropathies are needed.
Saltational evolution of a pesticide‐metabolizing cytochrome P450 in a global crop pest
Authors: Joußen Nicole , Heckel David G 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), is a damaging insect pest threatening agricultural crops worldwide as a result of its resistance to insecticides. Metabolic resistance to pyrethroid insecticides is conferred by the chimeric P450 enzyme CYP337B3, produced by unequal crossing‐over between CYP337B1 and CYP337B2. CYP337B3 is 99.7% similar to CYP337B1 except for the 177 N‐terminal amino acids (AAs) containing the substrate recognition site 1 from CYP337B2. Here, we studied the structure–function relationship of CYP337B3 and CYP337B1 to determine the AAs that enable CYP337B3 to efficiently hydroxylate the 4′‐carbon position of fenvalerate, which neither CYP337B1 nor CYP337B2 can do.RESULTSSite‐directed mutagenesis showed that the L114F substitution in CYP337B3 reduced its 4′‐hydroxylation activity by 89%, but the reciprocal F114L substitution in CYP337B1 increased its 4′‐hydroxylation activity to only 49% of the level of CYP337B3. Docking models showed that AA 114 seems to have different functions in CYP337B1 and CYP337B3. Antibodies detected two‐ to three‐fold more CYP337B1 than CYP337B3 in larval cuticle, which along with a 49% 4′‐hydroxylation activity increase due to a F114L substitution in vivo might be expected to provide as much protection for the larva against exposure to fenvalerate as CYP337B3. However, CYP337B3 is present at much higher frequencies than CYP337B1‐CYP337B2 in most populations, including those recently invading South America.CONCLUSIONThe metabolic resistance to pyrethroids in H. armigera has evolved by saltational evolution – by a single mutation, an unequal crossing‐over, producing a larger selective advantage than could be attained gradually by stepwise improvement of the parental enzyme. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.