bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observables for recoil identification in high-definition Gas Time Projection Chambers
Authors: Ghrear M. , Vahsen S.E. , Deaconu C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Directional detection of nuclear recoils is broadly desirable in nuclear and particle physics. At low recoil energies, this capability may be used to confirm the cosmological origin of a dark matter signal, to penetrate the so-called neutrino floor, or to distinguish between different neutrino sources. Gas Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) can enable directional recoil detection if the readout granularity is sufficiently high, as is the case when micro-pattern gaseous detectors (MPGDs) are utilized. A key challenge in such detectors is identifying and rejecting background electron recoil events caused by gamma rays from radioactive contaminants in the detector materials and the environment. We define new observables that can distinguish electron and nuclear recoils, even at keV-scale energies, based on the simulated ionization's topology. We perform a simulation study that shows these observables outperform the traditionally used discriminant, dE/dx, by up to three orders of magnitude. Furthermore, these new observables work well even at ionization energies well below 10keV and remain robust even in the regime where directionality fails.
2021-H0 odyssey: closed, phantom and interacting dark energy cosmologies
Authors: Yang Weiqiang , Pan Supriya , Di Valentino Eleonora , Mena Olga , Melchiorri Alessandro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Up-to-date cosmological data analyses have shown that (a) a closed universe is preferred by the Planck data at more than 99% CL, and (b) interacting scenarios offer a very compelling solution to the Hubble constant tension. In light of these two recent appealing scenarios, we consider here an interacting dark matter-dark energy model with a non-zero spatial curvature component and a freely varying dark energy equation of state in both the quintessential and phantom regimes. When considering Cosmic Microwave Background data only, a phantom and closed universe can perfectly alleviate the Hubble tension, without the necessity of a coupling among the dark sectors. Accounting for other possible cosmological observations compromises the viability of this very attractive scenario as a global solution to current cosmological tensions, either by spoiling its effectiveness concerning the H0 problem, as in the case of Supernovae Ia data, or by introducing a strong disagreement in the preferred value of the spatial curvature, as in the case of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations.
Energy spectrum of thermalizing high energy decay products in the early universe
Authors: Drees Manuel , Najjari Bardia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We revisit the Boltzmann equation governing the spectrum of
energetic particles originating from the decay of massive
progenitors during the process of thermalization. We assume that
these decays occur when the background temperature T is much less
than the mass M of the progenitor. We pay special attention to
the IR cutoff provided by the thermal bath, and include the
suppression resulting from the interference of multiple scattering
reactions (LPM effect). We solve the resulting integral equation
numerically, and construct an accurate analytical fit of the
solutions.
Wormholes without exotic matter: quasinormal modes, echoes and shadows
Authors: Churilova M.S. , Konoplya R.A. , Stuchlík Z. , Zhidenko A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An analytical solution representing traversable asymptotically flat and symmetric wormholes was obtained without adding exotic matter in two different theories independently: in the Einstein-Maxwell-Dirac theory and in the second Randall-Sundrum brane-world model. Further, a smooth normalizable asymmetric wormhole solution has been recently obtained numerically in the Einstein-Maxwell-Dirac theory. Using the time-domain integration method we study quasinormal ringing of all these wormholes with emphasis to the regime of mimicking the near extremal Reissner-Nordström black holes, which is characterised by echoes. In addition, we calculate radius of shadows cast by these wormholes.
Physics studies of ADITYA & ADITYA-U tokamak plasmas using spectroscopic diagnostics
Authors: Manchanda R. , Chowdhuri M.B. , Ghosh J. , Ramaiya N. , Yadava N. , Patel S. , Shukla G. , Shah K. , Dey R. , Jadeja K.A. , Patel K.M. , Tanna R.L. , Pathak S.K. , Nair B.V. , Gupta C.N. , ADITYA-U Team  
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Several spectroscopic diagnostics encompassing the spectral emission range from the x-ray to near infrared (NIR) have been developed, installed and operated for diagnosing and physics studies in the ADITYA and ADITYA-U tokamaks. The recycling and impurity influxes and plasma Z
eff after lithium (Li) coating have been studied using a PMT (photomultiplier tube)-filter based system by capturing H
α
, O1+, C2+, and visible continuum emissions. Significant reduction in the Z
eff values has been observed in the discharge with the Li coated walls. The measured radial profile of H
α
emission using a filter-PMT array, has been modelled using a neutral transport code. The results show substantial contributions from the molecular hydrogen and molecular hydrogen ion dissociation (∼56%) and charge-exchange (∼30%) processes in the measured H
α
emission. Furthermore, a high-resolution, 1 m spectrometer with charge coupled device detector capable of multi-track measurements, has been used to study impurity transport, neutral and ion temperature and intrinsic plasma rotation. By modelling the measured radial profile of O4+ spectral line emission using an impurity transport code, substantial contribution of edge fluctuations on the oxygen transport has been observed. The toroidal (

u

T

max

∼ 20 km s−1 in core) and poloidal (

u

θ

max

∼ 4.5 km s−1 at edge) rotation velocities are measured using C5+ (529 nm) and C2+ (464.7 nm) passive line emissions respectively. The measurement of radial profile of toroidal plasma rotation revealed a reversal of rotation direction depending on the electron density content of the ADITYA-U plasmas. The neutral temperature measurements showed a poloidal asymmetry indicating a presence of asymmetrical source of neutral heating. Moreover, the modelling of measured Fe14+ and Fe15+ vacuum ultraviolet spectral lines has revealed the neo-classical nature of iron transport in ADITYA core. Fast visible camera images captured the formation of filament structures triggered by interchange instabilities during plasma disruptions.
A clustering approach to improve spatial representation in water-energy-food models
Authors: Shivakumar Abhishek , Alfstad Thomas , Niet Taco 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Currently available water-energy-food (WEF) modelling frameworks to analyse cross-sectoral interactions often share one or more of the following gaps: (a) lack of integration between sectors, (b) coarse spatial representation, and (c) lack of reproducible methods of nexus assessment. In this paper, we present a novel clustering tool as an expansion to the Climate-Land-Energy-Water-Systems modelling framework used to quantify inter-sectoral linkages between water, energy, and food systems. The clustering tool uses Agglomerative Hierarchical clustering to aggregate spatial data related to the land and water sectors. Using clusters of aggregated data reconciles the need for a spatially resolved representation of the land-use and water sectors with the computational and data requirements to efficiently solve such a model. The aggregated clusters, combined together with energy system components, form an integrated resource planning structure. The modelling framework is underpinned by an open-source energy system modelling tool—OSeMOSYS—and uses publicly available data with global coverage. By doing so, the modelling framework allows for reproducible WEF nexus assessments. The approach is used to explore the inter-sectoral linkages between the energy, land-use, and water sectors of Viet Nam out to 2030. A validation of the clustering approach confirms that underlying trends actual crop yield data are preserved in the resultant clusters. Finally, changes in cultivated area of selected crops are observed and differences in levels of crop migration are identified.
Nonautonomous discrete elementary Toda orbits and their ultradiscretization
Authors: Kobayashi Katsuki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We derive a nonautonomous discrete analogue of the elementary Toda orbits via a spectral transformation of certain biorthogonal Laurent polynomials. We obtain particular solutions of the system by using the theory of biorthogonal polynomials. The obtained system can be written in subtraction-free form and thus can be ultradiscretized. We introduce a new family of cellular automata generalizing Takahashi and Satsuma’s box-ball system with a carrier capacity.
The minimality of the Georges–Kelmans graph
Authors: Brinkmann Gunnar , Goedgebeur Jan , McKay Brendan 
Published: October 2021

In 1971, Tutte wrote in an article that it is tempting to conjecture that every 3-connected bipartite cubic graph is hamiltonian. Motivated by this remark, Horton constructed a counterexample on

96
96

vertices. In a sequence of articles by different authors several smaller counterexamples were presented. The smallest of these graphs is a graph on 50 vertices which was discovered independently by Georges and Kelmans. In this article we show that there is no smaller counterexample. As all non-hamiltonian 3-connected bipartite cubic graphs in the literature have cyclic 4-cuts—even if they have girth 6—it is natural to ask whether this is a necessary prerequisite. In this article we answer this question in the negative and give a construction of an infinite family of non-hamiltonian cyclically 5-connected bipartite cubic graphs.

In 1969 Barnette gave a weaker version of the conjecture stating that 3-connected planar bipartite cubic graphs are hamiltonian. We show that Barnette’s conjecture is true up to at least 90 vertices. We also report that a search of small non-hamiltonian 3-connected bipartite cubic graphs did not find any with genus less than 4.
Stability and convergence analysis for the implicit-explicit method to the Cahn-Hilliard equation
Authors: Li Dong , Quan Chaoyu , Tang Tao 
Published: October 2021

Implicit-explicit methods have been successfully used for the efficient numerical simulation of phase field problems such as the Cahn-Hilliard equation or thin film type equations. Due to the lack of maximum principle and stiffness caused by the effect of small dissipation coefficient, most existing theoretical analysis relies on adding additional stabilization terms, mollifying the nonlinearity or introducing auxiliary variables which implicitly either changes the structure of the problem or trades accuracy for stability in a subtle way. In this work, we introduce a robust theoretical framework to analyze directly the stability and accuracy of the standard implicit-explicit approach without stabilization or any other modification. We take the Cahn-Hilliard equation as a model case and provide a rigorous stability and convergence analysis for the original semi-discrete scheme under certain time step constraints. These settle several questions which have been open since the work of Chen and Shen [Comput. Phys. Comm. 108 (1998), pp. 147–158].
Male and Female Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Attraction to Sound and Its Relevance to Potential Applications in Vector Surveillance
Authors: Steele Cassandra H , McDermott Emily G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Mosquito hearing is a complex process primarily involved in intraspecific communication between males and females. Although mosquitoes previously were believed to possess a relatively rudimentary auditory system, we now know that they can hear sounds at greater distances and process sounds through an efferent pathway, similar to vertebrates. In mating swarms, mosquitoes use acoustic signals created by conspecific wingbeats to locate and respond to one another through harmonic convergence. Male capture is an emerging area of interest for monitoring sterile insect release programs, and numerous studies have explored using female flight tones (wing-beat frequencies) to attract and capture male mosquitoes by altering or developing novel acoustic traps. It is also important to consider sound pattern, volume, and sound pressure levels of broadcasted noises, as well as implementing other attractive cues, such as swarm markers, to acoustic traps to increase success in the field. Female attraction to sound-baited traps has also been explored in the laboratory and field, using frequencies similar to male wing-beats and stereotypical vertebrate host calls, such as frogs and birds. In this review, the physiological and behavioral aspects of mosquito hearing are explored, as well as the importance of acoustic signals for mate choice and successful mating. The use of acoustic traps for male and female capture are discussed, as well as the implications for vector surveillance, and the limitations to using these traps.
Environmental Influences on Sleep in the California Teachers Study Cohort
Authors: Zhong Charlie , Longcore Travis , Benbow Jennifer , Chung Nadia T , Chau Khang , Wang Sophia S , Lacey James V , Franklin Meredith 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Only two-thirds of Americans meet the recommended 7 hours of sleep nightly. Insufficient sleep and circadian disruption have been associated with adverse health outcomes, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Several environmental disruptors of sleep have been reported, such as artificial light at night (ALAN) and noise. These studies tended to evaluate exposures individually. We evaluated several spatially derived environmental exposures (ALAN, noise, green space, and air pollution) and self-reported sleep outcomes obtained in 2012–2015 in a large cohort of 51,562 women in the California Teachers Study. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for sleep duration and latency. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, chronotype, use of sleep medication, and self-reported trouble sleeping, ALAN (per 5 millicandela (mcd)/m2 luminance, OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.20) and air pollution (per 5 μg/m3 PM2.5, OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.09) were associated with shorter sleep duration (&lt;7 hours), and noise was associated with longer latency (&gt;15 minutes) (per 10 decibels, OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10). Green space was associated with increased duration (per 0.1 units, OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.60) and decreased latency (per 0.1 units, OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.78). Further research is necessary to understand how these and other exposures (e.g., diet) perturb an individuals’ inherited sleep patterns and contribute to downstream health outcomes.
Efficiency of antlion trap design and larval behavior in capture success
Authors: Klokočovnik Vesna , Devetak Dušan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Traps constructed by an animal reduce the amount of energy required to seek prey. The main risk of trap-building predators is the greater uncertainty of encountering prey, owing to their immobility. Sometimes environmental characteristics do not allow them to build efficient traps, resulting in lower capture success. We observed prey escape, capture success, and behavior of two antlion species, Cueta lineosa, a habitat specialist, and Myrmeleon hyalinus, a generalist, building geometrically different traps. The traps of C. lineosa are elaborate and deep, consisting of two inverted cones, while M. hyalinus builds simple inverted cones. Prey escape was observed from traps with antlion larvae present and from artificially constructed traps without antlions. We used a 3D printer to create a replica model of both trap types, pressing the model onto the substrate surface to create a trap. The C. lineosa artificial trap slowed prey escape more effectively than the simpler artificial trap of M. hyalinus. Prey escape time was four times longer for two ant species and three times longer for woodlice from C. lineosa traps. Escape time also decreased with increasing prey length. We also found behavioral differences between these two antlion species. The behavior of M. hyalinus is much more efficient in catching prey than that of C. lineosa. The results indicate that both species are efficient trap-building predators; however, it appears that capture success depends not only on trap design but also on larval behavior.
Social Workers Migrating between England and Australia: Linking Social Hierarchies, Bureaucracy, Trust and Politeness
Authors: Hakak Yohai , Bosah Sophia , Amponsah Kwaku , Cheung Kei Long 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor many years, several Western countries have been relying on migrating social workers to fill local shortages. While studies documented the assumption that migrants moving between Commonwealth English-speaking countries will find it easier to integrate, scholars found that such transitions are often more complicated than assumed. Despite this general awareness, research has neglected to explore the impact of the specific culture migrating social workers are coming from and the new culture in which they find themselves. This is the gap we aim to fill. Using a mixed method approach that included online questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, we explore the experiences of migration and integration of Australian trained social workers in England and English trained social workers in Australia. Using National Habitus as a key theoretical concept, the findings highlight cultural differences connected with the acceptance of social hierarchies in England compared with the cultural emphasis on egalitarianism between white people in Australia. Such hierarchies produce in England a strong top-down approach which is more bureaucratic and procedural while also emphasising a less direct and more inhibited form of interpersonal communication with line-managers, colleagues and service users compared with Australia. Our findings will help better support future migrating social workers.
Investigating impact of cardiorespiratory fitness in reducing brain tissue loss caused by ageing
Authors: Kundu Shinjini , Huang Haiqing , Erickson Kirk I , McAuley Edward , Kramer Arthur F , Rohde Gustavo K 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMitigating the loss of brain tissue due to age is a major problem for an ageing population. Improving cardiorespiratory fitness has been suggested as a possible strategy, but the influence on brain morphology has not been fully characterized. To investigate the dependent shifts in brain tissue distribution as a function of cardiorespiratory fitness, we used a 3D transport-based morphometry approach. In this study of 172 inactive older adults aged 58–81 (66.5 ± 5.7) years, cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by VO2 peak (ml/kg/min) during graded exercise and brain morphology was assessed through structural magnetic resonance imaging. After correcting for covariates including age (in the fitness model), gender and level of education, we compared dependent tissue shifts with age to those due to VO2 peak. We found a significant association between cardiorespiratory fitness and brain tissue distribution (white matter, r = 0.30, P = 0.003; grey matter, r = 0.40, P &lt; 0.001) facilitated by direct visualization of the brain tissue shifts due to cardiorespiratory fitness through inverse transformation—a key capability of 3D transport-based morphometry. A strong statistical correlation was found between brain tissue changes related to ageing and those associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness (white matter, r = 0.62, P &lt; 0.001; grey matter, r = 0.74, P &lt; 0.001). In both cases, frontotemporal regions shifted the most while basal ganglia shifted the least. Our results highlight the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness in maintaining brain health later in life. Furthermore, this work demonstrates 3D transport-based morphometry as a novel neuroinformatic technology that may aid assessment of therapeutic approaches for brain ageing and neurodegenerative diseases.
Temporal relationship between systemic endothelial dysfunction and alterations in erythrocyte function in a murine model of chronic heart failure
Authors: Mohaissen Tasnim , Proniewski Bartosz , Targosz-Korecka Marta , Bar Anna , Kij Agnieszka , Bulat Katarzyna , Wajda Aleksandra , Blat Aneta , Matyjaszczyk-Gwarda Karolina , Grosicki Marek , Tworzydlo Anna , Sternak Magdalena , Wojnar-Lason Kamila , Rodrigues-Diez Raquel , Kubisiak Agata , Briones Ana , Marzec Katarzyna M , Chlopicki Stefan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) are both prognostic factors in heart failure (HF), but the relationship between them is not clear. In this study, we used a unique mouse model of chronic HF driven by cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of activated Gαq protein (Tgαq*44 mice) to characterize the relationship between the development of peripheral ED and the occurrence of structural nanomechanical and biochemical changes in red blood cells (RBCs).

Methods and results
Systemic ED was detected in vivo in 8-month-old Tgαq*44 mice, as evidenced by impaired acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in the aorta and increased endothelial permeability in the brachiocephalic artery. ED in the aorta was associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO) production in the aorta and diminished systemic NO bioavailability. ED in the aorta was also characterized by increased superoxide and eicosanoid production. In 4- to 6-month-old Tgαq*44 mice, RBC size and membrane composition displayed alterations that did not result in significant changes in their nanomechanical and functional properties. However, 8-month-old Tgαq*44 mice presented greatly accentuated structural and size changes and increased RBC stiffness. In 12-month-old Tgαq*44 mice, the erythropathy was featured by severely altered RBC shape and elasticity, increased RDW, impaired RBC deformability, and increased oxidative stress (gluthatione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio). Moreover, RBCs taken from 12-month-old Tgαq*44 mice, but not from 12-month-old FVB mice, coincubated with aortic rings from FVB mice, induced impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and this effect was partially reversed by an arginase inhibitor [2(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid].

Conclusion
In the Tgαq*44 murine model of HF, systemic ED accelerates erythropathy and, conversely, erythropathy may contribute to ED. These results suggest that erythropathy may be regarded as a marker and a mediator of systemic ED in HF. RBC arginase and possibly other RBC-mediated mechanisms may represent novel therapeutic targets for systemic ED in HF.
Correlates of Korean Hangul Reading in Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Park Soon-Gil , Ryu Sung-Yong , Cho Jeung-Ryeul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study examined the associations of vocabulary and phonological and orthographic awareness with Hangul word reading in Korean children, aged between 7 and 10 years, who were deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) and children with typical hearing (TH). The participants were 24 children with hearing aids (HAs), 24 children with cochlear implants (CIs), and 24 TH children in Korea. The three groups were matched for chronological age, vocabulary age, and nonverbal intelligence. Results showed that there were no differences between children with CIs and those with HAs in reading fluency and cognitive skills, except word-reading accuracy, whereas children with CIs and HAs were delayed in all measures compared with their TH peers. Regression analyses showed that syllable and phoneme awareness uniquely explained word-reading accuracy in children with DHH and those with TH. However, word-reading fluency was uniquely explained by syllable awareness in the DHH children and by vocabulary and orthographic awareness in the TH children. These results suggest that DHH and TH children in Korea rely on phonological awareness for Korean word recognition. However, DHH and TH Korean children tend to use different strategies based on sublexical versus lexical information, respectively, to read Korean words fluently.