bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Adaptive Control Approach for Robot Manipulators
Authors: Ye Jingsheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dynamic equations of robot manipulators are highly nonlinear with time-varying and unknown parameters. Using the model reference adaptive control (MRAC) technique, a control scheme based on hyperstability theory is developed for robot manipulators. A new adaptive algorithm is proposed for compensating the nonlinear term in the dynamic equations and for decoupling the dynamic interaction among the joints. The main feature of the approach is that the unknown parameters are not estimated separately, but the total influences due to the modeling errors and the disturbances can be directly compensated. Simulations show good results even for large variations of parameters. A comparison of this approach with the feedback linearization method (FLM) is also presented.
Choosing an Engineering Object Data Management System
Authors: Wood Chet 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An Object Database Management System (ODMS) can be a very useful component when developing applications for use in engineering and manufacturing. Choosing the right product requires a thorough analysis of the data requirements of one’s application, and an equally thorough study of the characteristics of the vendor products. Over a period of about two years, data was gathered on the products of object oriented database manufacturers and researchers. As an example of how to analyze database requirements, an overview of the requirements of our application is presented, followed by a tutorial on the elements and features provided by an ODMS. A brief description is given of each of about a dozen products. Finally, there are tables comparing specific features of a number of these systems.
<p class="Body"><strong>Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of metal oxide nanoparticles against the bulb mite</strong></p>
Authors: Korghond Gholamreza Tavakkoli , Sahebzadeh Najmeh , Allahyari Hossein , Ramroodi Sara 
Published: March 2021

Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) known as saffron is the most commercially important medicinal food product in Iran and worldwide because of its significance for exporting commercial. However, the health of this plant is adversely threatened by abiotic and biotic stress. Bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini Claparede (Acari: Acaridae) as abiotic stress is oligophagous and the main pest of tuber plants, commonly found in all the cultivated saffron producing areas could decrease saffron economic value. The mites tunnel through corms allowing the entry of fungal and bacterial pathogens. The widespread use of commercial pesticides in modern agriculture to protect crops from pests has caused significant public concern because of their side impacts on the environment and non-target species. Nanotechnology has been used in the production, processing, storage, packaging, and transport of agricultural products. Newly, oxide nanoparticles have been introduced as novel pesticides against pests and fertilizer. This study was conducted as an effective and environmentally-friendly method to control the growth of Rhizoglyphus robini. The lethal and sublethal effects of metal oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) including nano copper oxides (nano-CuO), nano magnesium oxide (nano-MgO), nano zinc oxide (nano-ZnO), nano titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2), and nano iron oxide (nano-Fe2O3) which their lethal concentrations ranged between 159.2 and 1036.4 mg L-1 were studied on Rhizoglyphus robini adult females. The contact effect of the tested MNPs was evaluated using the corm dip bioassay method. Assays showed that the contact toxicity of the nano-CuO treatment (229.1 mg L-1) was higher than other MNPs. To assess the sublethal effects of the MNPs, adult females were exposed to the LC25 concentration of MNPs, and life history and life-table parameters of the surviving Rhizoglyphus robini were investigated. The exposure to sublethal concentrations of the tested MNPs prolonged the egg incubation, larval period, and nymphal period significantly when compared to the control mites. Compared to other MNPs or control mite, nano-MgO and nano-TiO2 led to the longest duration of the total immature stages (11.32 and 11.32, respectively). The net reproductive rate (R0), the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), the finite rate of increase (λ), and the generation time (T) were significantly different between control and MNP treatments. The population exposed to ZnO-, MgO-, and TiO2-nanoformulations had a much lower rm value (0.164, 0.164, and 0.171 d-1, respectively) compared to the control population (0.231 d-1) and those exposed to Fe3O4- and CuO-nanoformulations (1.19 and 1.19 d-1, respectively). According to our findings, all tested MNPs, especially CuO-, ZnO-, and MgO-nano formulations, have a potential application for use in the management of Rhizoglyphus robini.
Muscle–Tendon Behavior and Kinetics in Gastrocnemius Medialis During Forefoot and Rearfoot Strike Running
Authors: Takeshita Tomonari , Noro Hiroaki , Hata Keiichiro , Yoshida Taira , Fukunaga Tetsuo , Yanagiya Toshio 
Published: March 2021

The present study aimed to clarify the effect of the foot strike pattern on muscle–tendon behavior and kinetics of the gastrocnemius medialis during treadmill running. Seven male participants ran with 2 different foot strike patterns (forefoot strike [FFS] and rearfoot strike [RFS]), with a step frequency of 2.50 Hz and at a speed of 2.38 m/s for 45 seconds on a treadmill with an instrumented force platform. The fascicle behavior of gastrocnemius medialis was captured using a B-mode ultrasound system with a sampling rate of 75 Hz, and the mechanical work done and power exerted by the fascicle and tendon were calculated. At the initial contact, the fascicle length was significantly shorter in the FFS than in the RFS (P = .001). However, the fascicular velocity did not differ between strike patterns. Higher tendon stretch and recoil were observed in the FFS (P < .001 and P = .017, respectively) compared with the RFS. The fascicle in the positive phase performed the same mechanical work in both the FFS and RFS; however, the fascicle in the negative phase performed significantly greater work in the FFS than in the RFS (P = .001). RFS may be advantageous for requiring less muscular work and elastic energy in the series elastic element compared with the FFS.
An intracontinental orogen exhumed by basement-slice imbrication in the Longmenshan Thrust Belt of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xue Zhenhua , Lin Wei , Chu Yang , Faure Michel , Chen Yan , Ji Wenbin , Qiu Huaning 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Longmenshan Thrust Belt in Eastern Tibet resulted from a Mesozoic orogeny and Cenozoic reworking. It is generally believed that the Cenozoic tectonics along the Longmenshan Thrust Belt are mostly inherited from the Mesozoic. Reconstructing the Mesozoic tectonics of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt is therefore important for understanding its evolutionary history. On the basis of detailed structural analysis, we recognized a Main Central Boundary that divides the Longmenshan Thrust Belt into a Southeastern Zone and a Northwestern Zone. Both zones underwent a main D1 event characterized by D1E top-to-the-SE thrusting in the Southeastern Zone and D1W top-to-the-NW/N thrusting in the Northwestern Zone. In the Southeastern Zone, a D2 top-to-the-NW/N normal faulting that cuts the D1E structures is developed along the NW boundary of the basement complexes. Newly obtained and previous geochronological data indicate that the D1E and D1W events occurred synchronously at ca. 224–219 Ma, and the D2 top-to-the-NW/N normal faulting was episodically activated at ca. 166–160 Ma, 141–120 Ma, 81–47 Ma, and 27–25 Ma. Episodic and synchronously activated top-to-the-NW normal faulting and top-to-the-SE thrusting along the northwestern and southeastern boundaries of the basement complexes, respectively, leads us to propose that the basement slices were episodically imbricated to the SE during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous–earliest Paleocene. The D1 amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks above the basement complexes recorded fast exhumation during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. We propose that the early Mesozoic northwestward basement underthrusting along a crustal “weak zone” was responsible for the D1 double-vergent thrusting and amphibolite facies metamorphism. Subsequent basement-slice imbrications reworked the Longmenshan Thrust Belt and exhumed the amphibolite facies rocks. Our results highlight the importance of basement underthrusting and imbrication in the formation and reworking of the intracontinental Longmenshan Thrust Belt in Eastern Tibet.
New chronology of the Chinese loess-paleosol sequence by leaf wax δD records during the past 800 k.y.
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liu Weiguo , Wang Hong , Cao Yunning , Hu Jing , Dong Jibao , Lu Hongxuan , Wang Huangye , Xing Meng , Liu Hu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Chinese loess-paleosol sequences provide important archives for studying paleoenvironmental changes. However, the lack of independent and accurate time scales hinders the study between loess and other records. Asian stalagmite δ18O records indicate synchronous patterns of paleoprecipitation δ18O over large geographic regions. The record of hydrogen isotopic composition of plant wax (δDwax) in Chinese loess is also controlled by rainwater δD. Both share a common origin. The linear relationship between rainfall δ18O and δD variance provides the basis to tie together chronologies of the same climate event in different records. Here, we show a new loess chronology by correlating chronologies of marker boundaries of the prominent climate chronozones in stalagmite δ18O and summer insolation to the equivalent climate stratigraphy in the loess δDwax sequence. We first developed and tested this novel methodology with data since the last interglacial on a millennial scale, and then applied this approach to the loess δDwax sequence for the past 800 k.y. to improve the traditional chronology based on magnetic susceptibility and grain size. The new δDwax time series provides not only an improved chronology for studying paleoclimate changes during interglacial intervals, it also represents a unique database with which to better understand the links between the Asian monsoon changes in the Chinese loess and other global climate events, especially for the periods prior to 640 ka, for which stalagmite records are not available.
Older people’s perceptions of the impact of Dance for Health sessions in an acute hospital setting: a qualitative study
Authors: Bungay Hilary , Hughes Suzanne 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo explore the perceptions of hospitalised older people and their relatives of the impact of taking part in group dance sessions in an acute hospital setting.DesignA qualitative descriptive approach was used.SettingAn acute hospital trust in the East of England.ParticipantsPurposive sample of dance group participants.InterventionWeekly music and movement sessions for frail older people on Department of Elderly Medicine Wards and the Stroke Rehabilitation Unit. Sessions take place in the ward and are facilitated by a dance artist supported by ward staff.ResultsTwenty-one semistructured interviews were conducted with older people and/or their relatives. Thematic analysis of the data identified three overarching themes: (1) dance as a physical activity, (2) dance as an opportunity for social interaction and (3) the dance group as a source of emotional support. Sessions were valued as an enjoyable way to undertake physical activity and provided an opportunity for social interaction between patients. This is important as loneliness and boredom are a common occurrence during hospitalisation and are detrimental to overall health and well-being. Patients reported an emotional impact though taking part; happiness from engaging with the group and the release of pent up emotions through the triggering of memories by the music and conversations within the group.ConclusionDance for Health provides a range of physical, social and emotional benefits for hospitalised older people. Further research is required to investigate the effectiveness of group dance sessions in increasing physical activity on an acute ward and the potential psychological benefits for hospitalised older people.
Influence of language skills on the choice of terms used to describe lung sounds in a language other than English: a cross-sectional survey of staff physicians, residents and medical students
Authors: Bohadana Abraham , Azulai Hava , Jarjoui Amir , Kalak George , Rokach Ariel , Izbicki Gabriel 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionThe value of chest auscultation would be enhanced by the use of a standardised terminology. To that end, the recommended English terminology must be transferred to a language other than English (LOTE) without distortion.ObjectiveTo examine the transfer to Hebrew—taken as a model of LOTE—of the recommended terminology in English.Design/settingCross-sectional study; university-based hospital.Participants143 caregivers, including 31 staff physicians, 65 residents and 47 medical students.MethodsObservers provided uninstructed descriptions in Hebrew and English of audio recordings of five common sounds, namely, normal breath sound (NBS), wheezes, crackles, stridor and pleural friction rub (PFR).Outcomes(a) Rates of correct/incorrect classification; (b) correspondence between Hebrew and recommended English terms; c) language and auscultation skills, assessed by crossing the responses in the two languages with each other and with the classification of the audio recordings validated by computer analysis.ResultsRange (%) of correct rating was as follows: NBS=11.3–20, wheezes=79.7–87.2, crackles=58.6–69.8, stridor=67.4–96.3 and PFR=2.7–28.6. Of 60 Hebrew terms, 11 were correct, and 5 matched the recommended English terms. Many Hebrew terms were adaptations or transliterations of inadequate English terms. Of 687 evaluations, good dual-language and single-language skills were found in 586 (85.3%) and 41 (6%), respectively. However, in 325 (47.3%) evaluations, good language skills were associated with poor auscultation skills.ConclusionPoor auscultation skills surpassed poor language skills as a factor hampering the transfer to Hebrew (LOTE) of the recommended English terminology. Improved education in auscultation emerged as the main factor to promote the use of standardised lung sound terminology. Using our data, a strategy was devised to encourage the use of standardised terminology in non-native English-speaking countries.
Association between insulin resistance and post-ischaemic stroke outcome in patients without diabetes: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hadwen Jeremiah , Kim Woojin , Dewar Brian , Ramsay Tim , Davis Alexandra , Dowlatshahi Dar , Shamy Michel 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionInsulin resistance is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and ischaemic stroke. Currently, insulin resistance is not usually included in post-stroke risk stratification. This systematic review and meta-analysis intends to determine if available scientific knowledge supports an association between insulin resistance and post-stroke outcomes in patients without diabetes.Methods and analysisThe authors will conduct a literature search in Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Central. The review will include studies that assess the association between elevated insulin homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and post-stroke outcome (functional outcome and recurrent stroke). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines will be used. The primary outcome will be post-stroke functional outcome (Modified Rankin Scale), and the secondary outcome will be recurrent ischaemic stroke. Comparison of outcome will be made between highest and lowest HOMA-IR range (as defined in each article included in this systematic review). Risk of bias will be assessed qualitatively. Meta-analysis will be performed if sufficient homogeneity exists between studies. Heterogeneity of outcomes will be assessed byI².Ethics and disseminationNo human or animal subjects or samples were/will be used. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, and will be disseminated at local and international neurology conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020173608.
Clinical and cost-effectiveness of bracing in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis management: protocol for a multicentre, primary care, randomised, parallel-group, superiority trial
Authors: Holden Melanie A , Callaghan Michael , Felson David , Birrell Fraser , Nicholls Elaine , Jowett Sue , Kigozi J , McBeth John , Borrelli Belinda , Jinks Clare , Foster Nadine E , Dziedzic Krysia , Mallen Christian , Ingram Carol , Sutton Alan , Lawton Sarah , Halliday Nicola , Hartshorne Liz , Williams Helen , Browell Rachel , Hudson Hannah , Marshall Michelle , Sowden Gail , Herron Dan , Asamane Evans , Peat George 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundBrace effectiveness for knee osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear and international guidelines offer conflicting recommendations. Our trial will determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of adding knee bracing (matched to patients’ clinical and radiographic presentation and with adherence support) to a package of advice, written information and exercise instruction delivered by physiotherapists.Methods and analysisA multicentre, pragmatic, two-parallel group, single-blind, superiority, randomised controlled trial with internal pilot and nested qualitative study. 434 eligible participants with symptomatic knee OA identified from general practice, physiotherapy referrals and self-referral will be randomised 1:1 to advice, written information and exercise instruction and knee brace versus advice, written information and exercise instruction alone. The primary analysis will be intention-to-treat comparing treatment arms on the primary outcome (Knee Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS)-5) (composite knee score) at the primary endpoint (6 months) adjusted for prespecified covariates. Secondary analysis of KOOS subscales (pain, other symptoms, activities of daily living, function in sport and recreation, knee-related quality of life), self-reported pain, instability (buckling), treatment response, physical activity, social participation, self-efficacy and treatment acceptability will occur at 3, 6, and 12 months postrandomisation. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression will model continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively. Treatment effect estimates will be presented as mean differences or ORs with 95% CIs. Economic evaluation will estimate cost-effectiveness. Semistructured interviews to explore acceptability and experiences of trial interventions will be conducted with participants and physiotherapists delivering interventions.Ethics and disseminationNorth West Preston Research Ethics Committee, the Health Research Authority and Health and Care Research in Wales approved the study (REC Reference: 19/NW/0183; IRAS Reference: 247370). This protocol has been coproduced with stakeholders including patients and public. Findings will be disseminated to patients and a range of stakeholders.Trial registration numberISRCTN28555470.
CHILD-BRIGHT READYorNot Brain-Based Disabilities Trial: protocol of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) investigating the effectiveness of a patient-facing e-health intervention designed to enhance healthcare transition readiness in youth
Authors: Gorter Jan Willem , Amaria Khush , Kovacs Adrienne , Rozenblum Ronen , Thabane Lehana , Galuppi Barbara , Nguyen Linda , Strohm Sonya , Mahlberg Nadilein , Via-Dufresne Ley Alicia , Marelli Ariane 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionYouth with brain-based disabilities (BBDs), as well as their parents/caregivers, often feel ill-prepared for the transfer from paediatric to adult healthcare services. To address this pressing issue, we developed the MyREADY TransitionTMBBD App, a patient-facing e-health intervention. The primary aim of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) was to determine whether the App will result in greater transition readiness compared with usual care for youth with BBD. Secondary aims included exploring the contextual experiences of youth using the App, as well as the interactive processes of youth, their parents/caregivers and healthcare providers around use of the intervention.Methods and analysisWe aimed to randomise 264 youth with BBD between 15 and 17 years of age, to receive existing services/usual care (control group) or to receive usual care along with the App (intervention group). Our recruitment strategy includes remote and virtual options in response to the current requirements for physical distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We will use an embedded experimental model design which involves embedding a qualitative study within a RCT. The Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire will be administered as the primary outcome measure. Analysis of covariance will be used to compare change in the two groups on the primary outcome measure; analysis will be intention-to-treat. Interviews will be conducted with subsets of youth in the intervention group, as well as parents/caregivers and healthcare providers.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the research ethics board of each participating site in four different regions in Canada. We will leverage our patient and family partnerships to find novel dissemination strategies. Study findings will be shared with the academic and stakeholder community, including dissemination of teaching and training tools through patient associations, and patient and family advocacy groups.Trial registration numberNCT03852550.
Development of a CD8 co-receptor independent T-cell receptor specific for tumor-associated antigen MAGE-A4 for next generation T-cell-based immunotherapy
Authors: Davari Kathrin , Holland Tristan , Prassmayer Laura , Longinotti Giulia , Ganley Kenneth P , Pechilis Lisa J , Diaconu Iulia , Nambiar Prashant R , Magee Michael S , Schendel Dolores J , Sommermeyer Daniel , Ellinger Christian 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe cancer-testis antigen MAGE-A4 is an attractive target for T-cell-based immunotherapy, especially for indications with unmet clinical need like non-small cell lung or triple-negative breast cancer.MethodsAn unbiased CD137-based sorting approach was first used to identify an immunogenic MAGE-A4-derived epitope (GVYDGREHTV) that was properly processed and presented on human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 molecules encoded by the HLA-A*02:01 allele. To isolate high-avidity T cells via subsequent multimer sorting, an in vitro priming approach using HLA-A2-negative donors was conducted to bypass central tolerance to this self-antigen. Pre-clinical parameters of safety and activity were assessed in a comprehensive set of in vitro and in vivo studies.ResultsA MAGE-A4-reactive, HLA-A2-restricted T-cell receptor (TCR) was isolated from primed T cells of an HLA-A2-negative donor. The respective TCR-T-cell (TCR-T) product bbT485 was demonstrated pre-clinically to have a favorable safety profile and superior in vivo potency compared with TCR-Ts expressing a TCR derived from a tolerized T-cell repertoire to self-antigens. This natural high-avidity TCR was found to be CD8 co-receptor independent, allowing effector functions to be elicited in transgenic CD4+T helper cells. These CD4+TCR-Ts supported an anti-tumor response by direct killing of MAGE-A4-positive tumor cells and upregulated hallmarks associated with helper function, such as CD154 expression and release of key cytokines on tumor-specific stimulation.ConclusionThe extensive pre-clinical assessment of safety and in vivo potency of bbT485 provide the basis for its use in TCR-T immunotherapy studies. The ability of this non-mutated high-avidity, co-receptor-independent TCR to activate CD8+and CD4+T cells could potentially provide enhanced cellular responses in the clinical setting through the induction of functionally diverse T-cell subsets that goes beyond what is currently tested in the clinic.