bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of seismic discrimination capabilities using regional data from western United States events
Authors: Bennett T. J. , Murphy J. R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdditional studies have been conducted to help verify the findings of previous investigations (cf. Murphy and Bennett, 1982) which indicated that spectral differences in short-period regional phases may be diagnostic of source type for Nevada Test Site (NTS) explosions and nearby earthquakes recorded at Tonto Forest Observatory in Arizona. Regional phase signals from two additional stations, the Uinta Basin Observatory array in Utah and the Blue Mountains Observatory array in Oregon, and from supplemental events, including aftershocks of the 1966 Caliente, Nevada, earthquake, have been analyzed. These stations are at epicentral distances of 430 to 530 km for Tonto Forest Observatory, 520 to 670 km for Uinta Basin Observatory, and 870 to 880 km for Blue Mountains Observatory, with the near ranges representing the distances to the Caliente source area and the far ranges to the average NTS source/receiver distances. This enhanced data base included 50 earthquakes within about 150 km of NTS and 35 NTS explosions recorded at one or more stations. The events cover a magnitude range from about 2.8 to 5.2 (mb), with the majority of earthquakes concentrated in the lower half of that range.The current investigation essentially corroborated our previous findings that comparison of simple, peak-amplitude measurements of regional P and Lg phases did not consistently discriminate between earthquakes and explosions. This discriminant breakdown appears to be related to variability in excitation of regional phases from similar sources which has been dramatically illustrated by observations from the 1966 Caliente aftershocks; these events produced large variations in the relative amplitudes of Pg and Lg signals even though the events were spatially restricted to a small zone. In contrast, the Lg spectral ratio discriminant measure, defined in the previous study, continued to provide reliable distinction between the earthquake and explosion sources for data observed at all three stations. The discrimination capability of the spectral ratio prevails in spite of the evident mechanism variability between earthquakes and shifts in the discrimination threshold between stations apparently related to attenuation differences along the propagation paths.
Additional evidence for down-dip tension in the Pacific plate beneath central Alaska
Authors: Gedney Larry , Davies John N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSmall intermediate-depth earthquakes cluster in a volume about 20 km in diameter beneath Gold King, a landing strip on the northern flanks of the Alaska Range. These events, almost 600 km from the Aleutian trench, are the northern-most which can be identified as being associated with the Benioff zone extending inland from Cook Inlet west of Anchorage. First-motion observations of the Gold King events at local stations can be combined to determine a tensional axis dipping steeply to the north at an azimuth just west of north. This composite mechanism suggests that the slab is subjected to down-dip tensional forces, probably as a result of gravitational sinking.
Fault scarps related to the 1739 earthquake and seismicity of the Yinchuan graben, Ningxia Huizu Zizhiqu, China
Authors: Zhang Buchun , Liao Yuhua , Guo Shunmin , Wallace Robert E. , Bucknam Robert C. , Hanks Thomas C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Surface faulting accompanying the great Yinchuan-Pingluo earthquake of 1739 in Ningxia Huizu Zizhiqu (Ningsia Hui Autonomous Region) produced two sections of fault scarps 3.5 and 16.5 km long and separated from one another by 65 km along strike. The scarps are on the west side of the Yinchuan graben along the east flank of the Helan Shan (Holan Mountains). The east side of the faults is downthrown, and surface offsets at the fault are as much as 5.3 m on the Hongguozigou (northern) section, and 4.6 m on the Suyukou (southern) section. Actual net displacement may be slightly less. Near the north end of the set of faults, the Great Wall is offset by about 2.7 m vertically and about 3 m right laterally. On scarps more than 2 m high, a free face has persisted for the 245 yr since the scarps were formed in 1739; free faces commonly are 2 to 3 m high. The 1739 fault displacement occurred, at least in part, along an older fault scarp that is estimated from profile analysis to be about 12,000 yr old.
The historical record of destructive earthquakes in the Yinchuan graben since 1010 A.D. includes only one near M 8 in 1739, and only two of approximately M 6.5, one in 1143 and the other in 1477. Average recurrence intervals for major earthquakes comparable to that of 1739 in the Yinchuan graben probably are measured in thousands and possibly ten thousand or more years.
Extremal inversion of travel-time residuals
Authors: Vasco D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A technique is presented which determines bounds on velocity structure from travel-time residuals. The problem is first linearized and then discretized using a series expansion method. The solutions derived are extremal in that they minimize or maximize a property of the model. For a given data set, the solutions are unique to the linearized problem. Examples are presented in which bounds are placed on the total velocity anomaly and on the extent of the anomalous body. The method also provides a mapping from bounds on the data to bounds on the velocity distribution. Furthermore, the technique is applicable to one-, two-, or three-dimensional velocity distributions.
As an example, the technique is applied to a set of teleseismic relative residuals recorded at Long Valley caldera, California. Two methods are proposed to deal with negative travel-time residuals. Upper bounds and lower bounds are placed on velocity perturbations at depth. The upper bounds indicate that teleseismic residuals cannot adequately constrain the velocity structure in Long Valley caldera. Lower bounds indicate where velocity perturbations must occur. The presence of a region of low velocity in the northwest portion of the Long Valley caldera, at a depth of 15 to 20 km, is supported. Also a minimum width of 18 km is derived for any anomalous body which could give rise to the observations.
Absorption effects on plane waves in layered media
Authors: Wennerberg Leif , Glassmoyer Gary 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present equations which can be used in conjunction with estimates of material properties to determine whether exact linear viscoelastic modeling will give significantly different results from elastic ray calculations. We apply the viscoelastic version of Snell's law to assess the effects of anelasticity on phase velocities, attenuation coefficients, transmission angles, and travel times for a plane wave propagating through a stack of plane viscoelastic layers described by the velocity and Q for a homogeneous wave in each layer.We include a survey of the viscoelastic theory of plane waves to provide a context for the results. Our analysis shows that the most general version of Snell's law leads to a complex two-dimensional vector ray parameter in which case plane P-wave motion does not decouple from horizontal transverse S-wave motion. We show that in a layered medium the fields generated by a symmetric point source, a vector point force, a double-couple point force, or a plane of tractions corresponding to a complex vector parameter, as well as other “reasonable” sources, can be calculated by integrating over real ray parameters, but in all of these cases, one must consider the coupling in laterally heterogeneous media.Differences from elastic ray behavior are found to be well correlated with the behavior of the parameter χ≡1+Q-2cos2γ where γ is the angle of inhomogeneity of the wave. We present equations for χ in terms of layer parameters and both the vector ray parameter and incident wave parameters. Examples presented to illustrate the method show significant (5 to 10 per cent) deviations from elastic travel times, and offsets in a given layer may be possible in very lossy layered materials.
Lg attenuation and source studies using 1982 Miramichi data
Authors: Shin T.-C. , Herrmann R. B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Using data from earthquakes in the 1982 Miramichi earthquake source zone, spectral excitation and attenuation of the Lg phase are studied. With data in the distance range of 135 to 994 km, interpretation is complicated by the presence of high-frequency Sn and Pn waves which interfere with the Lg wave. At the larger distances, the signal at frequencies above 7 Hz is completely dominated by the non-Lg arrivals. A frequency-dependent Lg-Q is determined which rises from 300 at 0.5 Hz to about 1400 at 10 Hz, at which it flattens at higher frequency. The Sn coda apparent Q rises above 3000 at frequencies higher than 10 Hz. Seismic moment and corner frequency estimates are made using Lg-Q corrected spectra. The moment estimates compare well with those obtained from long-period surface waves and short distance spectral estimates. The Lg corner frequency estimates are substantially lower than the short distance estimates. This discrepancy is the subject of discussion, but the Lg moment-corner frequency estimates do model observed data well using a Brune (1970) source model and the derived attenuation relation.
System and site noise in the Regional Seismic Test Network from 0.1 to 20 Hz
Authors: Rodgers Peter W. , Taylor Steven R. , Nakanishi Keith K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Regional Seismic Test Network (RSTN) consists of five broadband, three-component, telemetered seismic stations sited in North America in 100 m boreholes. Examination of both the system noise and the seismic site noise at these stations leads to the following conclusionsIt is our conclusion that there is no significant system contamination of regional seismic data recorded by the RSTN and that it records these data with good fidelity.
A stochastic model for site ground motions from temporally dependent earthquakes
Authors: Kiremidjian Anne S. , Suzuki Shigeru 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A stochastic model is presented for estimating probabilities of exceeding site ground motions due to temporally dependent earthquake events. The model reflects the hypothesized dependence of the size of large earthquake events on the time of occurrence of the last major earthquake. An empirical attenuation relationship is used to describe the ground motion at a site originating from a well-defined fault system. The application of the model to the Middle America Trench is discussed. The seismic hazard potential in Mexico City is computed in terms of probabilities of exceeding peak ground acceleration levels. The results indicate that consideration of the seismic gap is important for estimating the seismic hazard at a site. It is also observed that site hazard estimates are greatly dependent on the specific attenuation relationship used. The need for other approaches of ground motion estimation is recognized.
Seismic response analysis of earth dams under differential ground motion
Authors: Haroun Medhat A. , Abdel-Hafiz Essam A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The effects of amplitude and phase difference of an earthquake motion on the seismic response of long earth dams were studied. The dam was modeled as a two-dimensional shear beam whereas the seismic input, applied at the base of the dam, assumed various forms to reflect the variation of amplitude and phase of the ground motion. A computer program, based on the finite element method, was developed to compute the dam response to each of the assumed base motions. It was noted that the length-to-height ratio of the dam has a marked effect on the dynamic characteristics of the dam and on its seismic response. It was also found that the dam response can be sensitive to the assumed spatial variation of ground motion along its base.
Prospects for Interest-Free Micro Finance in India: An Empirical Study
Authors: Sheikh Irfan Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

Despite the growth of Islamic banking and finance, in recent times due attention were given to the issue of Islamic microfinance. It is so because, as per various estimates over two billion people across globe are still living in a miserable poverty which is a global challenge and India not being an exception. Since the Poverty remains, a continuous challenge throughout the human history so as the efforts to overcome poverty. Among various efforts a conventional micro finance a “new model” received global recognition and a hope. But even if successful stories in bringing development and eradicating poverty by small credit tool to poor and by gaining growing attentions by world bank , still millennium development goal remains unachieved. The critics’ remains not only restricted to, in reaching all forms of poor rather high unbearable interest rates and avoidance by Muslims due to interest are on debate. As an alternative, Islamic finance has its operations both in Islamic and Non-Islamic countries along Islamic Micro finance. It is so because Islamic microfinance programs are complement to Islamic banking, both in ideological and in practical terms. Although IMF is still in infancy stage even though growing rapidly. Various experiments either on individual level or group level are mostly practicing Islamic micro credit products. But Islamic micro crediting has not been yet formally reached to people for India. Therefore this study aims to investigate the prospects based on determinants. The target population has been taken a potential benifacries of interest free micro finance. The paper adopts a Quantifiable approach as a Questionnaire distributed in paper format based on stratified sampling with 602 as final responses. The findings shows that in general the community is cognizant of the various terms used in Interest free microfinance but in respects of products/services existing by Islamic microfinance institutes, it indicates the level of awareness is very low.
Адаптація системи управління льотної експлуатації до функціонування в умовах неповноти інформації
Authors: Bondik Oleksandr 
Published: July 2021

Мета: Метою даної статті є викладення нового підходу до адаптації системи управління льотної експлуатації авіакомпанії до функціонування в умовах неповноти інформації. Методи: У статті розглянуто два методи виконання, які збільшують ступінь адаптації системи управління льотної експлуатації авіакомпанії до функціонування в умовах неповноти інформації, такі як: обробки виключень та управління якістю обслуговування. Результати: Наведені адаптивна загальна побудова системи управління льотної експлуатації авіакомпанії та описані взаємозв’язки її компонентів. Обговорення: Запропонований новий підхід дозволить адаптувати систему управління льотної експлуатації авіакомпанії до функціонування в умовах високого ступеня невизначеності та неповноти інформації.
Saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes na atenção básica durante pandemia: um relato de experiência
Authors: Souza Thaís Thaler , De Moraes Eliana Maria , Lúcio Gialile De Sá , Coelho Patrícia de Fátima , Fernandes Amanda Dourado Souza Akahosi , Cid Maria Fernanda Barboza 
Published: July 2021

A saúde mental infantojuvenil tem passado por reflexões atuais e reestruturações teórico/práticas que possibilitem contemplar as especificidades da faixa-etária a partir da Atenção Psicossocial e, pela primeira vez na história do SUS, teve que lidar com uma pandemia. O objetivo deste relato de experiência é apresentar e refletir sobre as estratégias de cuidado a crianças e adolescentes em sofrimento psíquico intenso e suas famílias, que têm sido desenvolvidas pela Equipe Complementar de uma região de alta vulnerabilidade social em Belo Horizonte no período da pandemia da COVID-19. Os resultados foram apresentados a partir dos conceitos-ferramentas da Atenção Psicossocial e as ações desenvolvidas pela equipe reforçaram a importância da busca pelos usuários e familiares por diferentes meios de acesso e da necessidade de articulações mais próximas com o território. Como limitação, foram identificadas dificuldades de articulações intersetoriais e do desenvolvimento de ações voltadas para o público adolescente.
Relações entre corpo, mídia e saúde mental: significações de corpos midiatizados no Instagram
Authors: Lima Gabriella Campos Jannini de , Silva Luciana Maria Da 
Published: July 2021

Este é um estudo qualitativo realizado numa cidade do interior mineiro, com objetivo de apresentar perspectivas de influenciadoras digitais sobre corpo feminino e os significados que transmitem, abordando criticamente possíveis relações entre corpo, mídia e saúde. Foram consideradas imagens e legendas no período de julho a dezembro de 2018 do Instagram de duas influenciadoras digitais: uma fitness e outra plus size. Os dados foram analisados pela análise de conteúdo. Três categorias emergiram: Diferenças entre os perfis; Semelhanças entre os perfis; e, Postagens e suas influências na vida cotidiana: saúde versus doença. Observou-se semelhanças e diferenças entre ambos perfis, compreendendo aspectos relacionados ao corpo e mídia e tecendo reflexões sobre saúde. Tais aspectos demonstraram que apesar do aumento de perfis evidenciando modelos de corpos identificáveis para a maioria das mulheres, o bombardeamento de imagens reforça padrões de beleza magros, que assim definidos aprisionam e adoecem o público feminino, extremamente afetado por baixa autoestima e percepção corporal distorcida, fatores esses que predispõem transtornos alimentares. São urgentes ações educativas em saúde, que considerem a mídia e corpo como fatores relacionáveis, bem como possíveis causadores e mantenedores de transtornos alimentares.
Crecimiento y producción de enzimas lacasas de Pleurotus ostreatus durante el proceso de degradación de bisfenol a
Authors: Pérez Montiel Georgina , Torres García José Luis , Juarez Santa Cruz Libertad , Cortes Espinosa Diana Verónica , Rubio Piña Jorge Alberto , Ahuactzin Pérez Miriam 
Published: July 2021

El Bisfenol A [4'4'-dihidroxi-2,2 difenilpropano] (BFA) es un compuesto orgánico utilizado en una amplia gama de productos de uso doméstico. EL BFA es considerado como un potente disruptor endócrino que pone en riesgo la salud humana. En esta investigación se evaluó el crecimiento de Pleurotus ostreatus en presencia de 50 y 75 mg/L de BFA en fermentación sumergida, evaluando la; velocidad específica de crecimiento (µ), biomasa máxima (Xmáx), consumo de glucosa, porcentaje (%) y constante de biodegradación (k) del BFA, actividad enzimática de lacasas (U/L), y algunos de sus parámetros cinéticos enzimáticos. Los valores más alto con respecto a los parámetros cinéticos de crecimiento y producción de lacasas, se obtuvieron en el medio con 75 mg/L de BFA. P. ostreatus mostró valores de pH neuro-básicos en los medios adicionados con BFA. El consumo de glucosa fue del 100 % en todos los medios. Durante las primeras 100 h de crecimiento, este hongo degradó más del 50 % de ambas concentraciones. Esta investigación es la primara en México que demuestra la eficiencia degradativa de P. ostreatus BE01 al degradar una concentración de BFA que no ha sido reportada anteriormente y que es superior a las reportadas en diversas matrices ambientales.
FinTech – A Step Ahead or a Force of Creative Destruction in Finance
Authors: Pasterny Zofia 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article/hypothesis. This article aims to introduce the concept of creative destruction in relation to transformative solutions in finance based on the example of FinTech and innovative technologies with special emphasis on blockchain and cloud computing. As a means to reach its objective this paper analyzes in depth the concept of creative destruction originated by Schumpeter in 1940s and translates it to modern business financial environment to present the reader with double-sided effects of introduced changes, their unique and unprecedented character both from the perspective of FinTech and traditional financials intermediares.
Methodology. In order to research the effects of innovations on the financial markets the critical study of the foreign literature will be conducted.
Results of the research. The conducted considerations displayed a parallel between innovations introduced by FinTech and actions undertaken by traditional financial institutions in order to remain strong players on the financial market. Even though solutions provided by start-ups may debilitate gained trust, which is one of the fundamental cores of finance, and raise questions related to breach of established regulations, they support the market with increased efficiency and variability of products and services. However, it can be easily perceived that advantages of introduced solutions outweigh possible dangers, and financial intermediaries, especially banks, decide to operate on the basis of the enagament model that supposes a synergy with start-up to blend favourable aspects of both of them including banks’ well-established repute and trust along with FinTech’s innovative potential.
Tender Bonds: Determinants, Procedures and Implications for Credit Guarantee Funds
Authors: Sobolewski Dariusz 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article is to outline a new procedure that will enable economic operators to increase their access to tender bonds provided by funds for credit guarantees which are among the non-monetary forms of submitting a deposit in public procurement procedure.
Methodology used to present the topic and to achieve the goal of the article is mainly based on the expertise and professional experience of the author.
Results of the research outline that despite being properly established in Polish law, tender bonds have as yet been scarcely applied by economic operators requesting to participate in public contract award procedures. Moreover, the majority of credit guarantee funds focus on providing this type of sureties, with the consequence being an increasingly declining share of credit sureties and changes in these funds’ business profile. In order to continue this increase in tender bond sale, credit guarantee funds need to modify their existing procedures so as to make this type of security more popular among economic operators.
The influence of knowledge sharing and competence on academic performance
Authors: Rasto Rasto , Muhidin Sambas Ali , Islamy Fahmi Jahidah , Handayani Dini 
Published: July 2021

This study goals to conclude the results of knowledge sharing and academic competence. The results obtained in this research aid as a orientation for stakeholders in the world of education to improve academic performance through knowledge sharing and competence so that the quality of learning increases. Questionnaires were distributed to 100 PTN students in Bandung in 2020. Sampling was carried out by using probability sampling method, this study uses path analysis. This analysis is used to define the causal relationship among variables sharing knowledge, competence and direct academic performance. and indirect influence. The results presented that there were indications of a affirmative and significant relationship among knowledge sharing and competence, knowledge sharing and academic performance, but there was a affirmative but not significant relationship between knowledge sharing through competence on academic performance.

Keywords: Knowledge sharing, competence, academic performance