bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial and antifungal activity of an MTA-Based root canal sealer versus epoxy resin-based and methacrylate resin-based sealers
Authors: Türkyılmaz Ali , Erdemir Ali 
Published: January 2021

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial and antifungal activity of MTA Fillapex with AH 26, AH Plus, and RealSeal root canal sealers. S. aureus, E. faecalis, and C. albicans were used as test microorganisms with the agar-diffusion test (ADT) and the direct contact test (DCT).
Methodology: For the ADT, 48 Mueller-Hinton plates were divided into 3 groups according to the microorganism used. Each group was then divided into 4 subgroups according to root canal sealer. Mueller-Hinton and Sabouraud agar mediums were preferred, and inhibition zones were measured to determine the antimicrobial efficacy at designated intervals. In the DCT, 96-well microtiter plates were used. For each microorganism and each sealer, 8 consecutive wells were prepared vertically on the plate. Microbial suspensions were allowed to directly contact the sealers in each well for 1 hour at 37°C. Subsequently, microbial growth was spectrophotometrically measured at set intervals for the freshly mixed and set forms.
Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the tested root canal sealers for antimicrobial effectiveness (p < 0.05). According to the ADT results, all sealers had antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. MTA Fillapex demonstrated satisfying results in the ADT against all microorganisms. In the DCT, MTA Fillapex inhibited bacterial and fungal growth in all freshly mixed and set forms. However, the set forms of AH 26 and AH Plus began to lose their antimicrobial activity on the tested microorganisms after a while.
Conclusion: The results showed that the MTA-based root canal sealer MTA Fillapex may be a favorable alternative sealer against bacterial and/or fungal species in clinical practice.

How to cite this article:
Türkyılmaz A, Erdemir A. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of MTA-based root canal sealer versus epoxy resin-based and methacrylate resin-based sealers. Int Dent Res 2020;10(3):66-72.
https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2020.vol10.no3.1

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Investigation of microleakage of polymerized with LED and halogen light devices four different restorative materials
Authors: Günay Ayşe , Tümen Emin Caner 
Published: January 2021

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects on microleakage of LED and halogen light devices used in the polymerization of monomer structure composite resins of different viscosities and inorganic filling particle size applied to standard class V cavities in primary teeth.
Methodology: 80 non caries primary molar teeth with standard class v cavity on the buccal surfaces were used. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 main groups and restored with composite resins (Herculite® XRV, Ultra™, Filtek™ Silorane, Vertise™ Flow, Æliteflo™). Each group was divided into 2 sub-groups for polymerization with LED or halogen light devices. Following the thermal cycle and subsequent procedures, the dye penetration method was used to evaluate microleakage. The microleakage scores were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests.
Results: According to the results of the statistical analysis, in polymerization made with halogen and LED light devices at the occlusal edge, the microleakage scores from lowest to highest were as follows: Filtek™ Silorane < Herculite® XRV Ultra™ < Æliteflo™ < Vertise™ Flow. In polymerization made with halogen and LED light devices at the gingival edge, the microleakage scores from lowest to highest were as follows: Filtek™ Silorane < Herculite® XRV Ultr™ < Vertise™ Flow < Æliteflo™.
Conclusion: In the polymerizations made by using LED and halogen light devices, Herculite® XRV Ultra™, was found to be successful as it showed similar values to Filtek™ Silorane, which gave the best results in terms of microleakage. Moreover, as we have reached similar findings in our thesis study in respect of microleakage, in cases indicating the use of flow composite resin materials such as Æliteflo™, Vertise™ Flow can be used as it has the advantage of ease application and thus provide an ideal alternative in pediatric dentistry.

How to cite this article:
Günay A, Tümen EC. Investigation of microleakage of polymerized with LED and halogen light devices four different restorative materials. Int Dent Res 2020;10(3):73-9. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2020.vol10.no3.2

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Assessment of the acid resistance behaviour of dentin tubules occluded by different desensitizers
Authors: Karayürek Fatih , Arpağ Osman Fatih 
Published: January 2021

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of in-office and home-based products in the prevention of dentinal hypersensitivity on dentin discs.
Methodology: Ninety-six dentin disc samples of 1 mm were divided equally into six groups as follows: TeethmateTM, Smartprotect®, novamin®, Arginine calcium carbonate, potassium oxalate with rinse and saline (control). After acid etching, test agents were applied, and eight samples in each group were subjected to citric acid. SEM examination (3000x) and statistical analysis were carried out.
Results: Before citric acid challenge, novamin® and teethmate had superiority when compared to others (p<0.001), but there was no a statistical difference between novamin® and teethmate. After citric acid challenge, teethmate and smartprotect showed resistance on occluded tubules. The decreasing in the level of occluded tubules in novamin® group was statistically significant (p<0.05). In-office products including teethmate and smartprotect were found more successful compared to home-based products. Smartprotect resisted against to citric acid (0.506).
Conclusion: Novamin® showed a successful occlusion in all tubules before acid challenge whereas; it was the most unsuccessful group after acid challenge when compared to other agents. In-office agents were found to be more successful in reducing dentine permeability than home-care products. In-office agents showed more resistance to acid attacks. Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy of desensitizer agents.
How to cite this article:
Karayürek F, Arpağ OF. Assessment of the acid resistance behaviour of dentin tubules occluded by different desensitizers. Int Dent Res 2020;10(3):80-9. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2020.vol10.no3.3

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
The effects of periapical lesion healing on bone density
Authors: Akın Tartuk Gizem , Tekin Bulut Elçin 
Published: January 2021

Operative dental procedures may promote pulpal infections, such as tooth cavity, trauma and teeth abrasion, anaerobic microorganism colonization causing total pulp necrosis, and periapical lesions that result in bone destruction in the periapical region. Periapical radiographs are important tools for identifying periapical pathologies. However, given that the imaging system shows three-dimensional formations in two dimensions, the knowledge about the actual size of the lesion and the real relationship with the anatomic structures is limited. These limitations force clinicians to choose the high resolution and current imaging methods that show all the details of the oral structures, such as conic beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT is a highly effective diagnostic device for early period bone lesion detection in which the gray value for bone density is measured in Hounsfield unit (HU). Other than using CBCT, bone mineral density measurement can be done to assess the healing of existing lesions. When the periapical lesion is healing, a series of formation and destruction processes follow each other. On the one hand, mediators and tissues that must be removed from the region are destroyed by host defense cells; on the other hand, cells included in the repair process provide new tissue generation and remodelling to provide the pre-disease anatomic properties in the lesion region. This review discusses recent studies using current three-dimensional imaging methods, compared with traditional methods for bone damage due to periapical lesion formation and healing after suitable treatment. This study aims to investigate the advantages and shortcomings of existing treatment and diagnosis approaches in endodontic periradicular lesion diagnosis and treatment. The findings highlight promising diagnosis and treatment tools and suggest the expansion of minimally invasive approaches to eliminate the problems in periapical lesions.

How to cite this article:
How to cite this article: Akın Tartuk G, Tekin Bulut E. The effects of periapical lesion healing on bone density. Int Dent Res 2020;10(3):90-9. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2020.vol10.no3.5

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Markedsliggørelsens markedsføring - Neoliberale ekspert-, rådgivnings og lobbynetværker
Authors: Plehwe Dieter , Schmelzer Matthias , Jensen Jacob 
Published: January 2021

This article takes stock of the current literature on neoliberalism and discusses its conceptual benefits, challenges, and avenues for further research. In particular, the article focuses on the transnational network around the Mont Pèlerin Society (MPS) and its activities in marketing the marketization of formerly non-market spheres. Rather than taking for granted pre-existing shared norms, interests, and principled beliefs, this focus helps us understanding the importance of long-term transnational intellectual efforts to develop, shape, prioritize, and generalize specific perspectives and preferences that predated the societal changes associated with the neoliberal ‘counter-revolution’ against planning and the de-commodification of the welfare state. After setting out key advantages of this research agenda, the article provides a rough sketch of the MPS, its structures, evolution, and transnational think tank network. The article ends with a short example of such a transnational network approach in studying the unmaking of the Bretton Woods monetary system.
Almensvellets affortryllelse - Neoliberale anfægtelser af det fælles bedste
Authors: Jensen Jacob 
Published: January 2021

This article revisits the origins of neoliberalism, arguing that it arose in the socialist calculation debates in the 1920s and 1930s. In these debates, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich von Hayek contested socialist conceptions of the public interest, claiming that the market’s price mechanism was far better able to represent the many diffe-rent preferences that a modern mass society consists of. The market, they stressed, was far more efficient at coordinating the economy than state planners who would never be able to calculate or aggregate the necessary data on people’s preferences, which was required to direct markets. This contestation of the common good, the article argues, has been a mainstay throughout neoliberalism’s intellectual history, serving as the revolving point of post-war analyses of government failure.
Tidlig neoliberalisme
Authors: Schulz-forberg Hagen 
Published: January 2021

This article maps the early conceptual and institutional history of neoliberalism, arguing that the social question was of vital importance to the ideology’s early de-velopment in the 1930s. This has been overlooked in recent intellectual histories of neoliberalism, which focus primarily on the post-war period. Those who have ventured into the prehistory of neoliberalism have primarily focused on the neoliberal acceptance of stronger state intervention in the economy, but without contextualizing this shift against the background of the social question. In addition, the article explores another overlooked dimension of early neoliberalism, namely the transnational institutional efforts that were indispensable to the foundation of the neoliberal network.
Ulighed for alle - Ulighedspersepktiver i neoliberalismen fra 1930'erne til i dag
Authors: Skov Andersen Rasmus 
Published: January 2021

By exploring the ways in which inequality has been represented in neoliberal ideology and how neoliberal views of inequality have changed, this article illuminates some essential discrepancies and contradictory beliefs in the neoliberal thought collective. The paper argues that the views of inequality underwent fundamental changes from the early neoliberals of the interwar period to the later neoliberals of the post-War era. These changes are in part understood by different conceptions of liberty, the relation between the state and the market, and beliefs about the public interest. The early neoliberals problematized the relation between inequality andpower, which they saw as a potential threat to the credibility of the fundamental freedom rights upholding the democratic society. This changed with the late neoli-berals, for whom inequality became a value in itself, connected to liberal notions of competition, diversity, and progress. Inequality was now to be celebrated, repre-sented, and measured as a sign of the free society and the well-functioning market.
Neoliberalismen som dominerende makroøkonomisk diskurs
Authors: Jespersen Jesper 
Published: January 2021

This paper demonstrates that mainstream General Equilibrium Models (GEM) are dominated by neoliberal ideology. These mathematical models are pre-designed to always converging full-employment equilibrium and private-sector equilibrium. The behavioural equations are derived from the assumption of individual utility and profit maximization and the rational expectation (full foresight) hypothesis. Accordingly, policy recommendations consistent with GEM are neoliberal as they advocate (1) avoiding demand management; (2) balancing the public sector’s (structural) budget; and (3) leaving monetary policy to an independent central bank with responsibility for price stability; while (4) distributional and environmental consequences for production are considered irrelevant. This is illustrated by examples from the Danish macroeconomic environment where GEM (ADAM and DREAM) employed by the Treasury and the Council of Economic Advisors are dominant when it comes to medium and long-term policy recommendations. Finally, the article challenges this logic and objective foundation of mainstream macroeconomics.
Entreprenøren som figur under neoliberalismen - Kapitalisme, individ og velfærdsorganisering
Authors: Li Langergaard Luise 
Published: January 2021

The article explores the central role of the entrepreneur in neoliberalism. It demonstrates how a displacement and a broadening of the concept of the entrepreneur occur in the neoliberal interpretation of the entrepreneur compared to Schumpeter’s economic innovation theory. From being a specific economic figure with a particular delimited function the entrepreneur is reinterpreted as, on the one hand, a particular type of subject, the entrepreneur of the self, and on the other, an ism, entrepreneurialism, which permeates individuals, society, and institutions. Entrepreneurialism is discussed as a movement of the economic into previously non-economic domains, such as the welfare state and society. Social entrepreneurship is an example of this in relation to solutions to social welfare problems. This can, on the one hand, be understood as an extension of the neoliberal understanding of the entrepreneur, but it also, in certain interpretations, resists the neoliberal understanding of economy and society.
Dansk Vestindiens helte og heltinder
Authors: Lie Halberg Rikke , Rex Coley Bertha 
Published: January 2021

TRACING HEROES OF THE DANISH WEST INDIES – HEROES AND HEROINES OF THE DANISH WEST INDIES
There are not a lot of heroes connected to the history of the sugar colony in the Danish West Indies. From a Danish perspective, the story of the Danish governor general Peter von Scholten as the liberator of the enslaved African-Caribbeans of the West Indies has traditionally been the most established narrative. However, this narrative of the colonial power giving freedom to the enslaved, is being contested by competing narratives of heroes and heroines fighting for - and ultimately taking – their freedom. The article focuses on the narratives of the enslaved freedom fighter General Buddhoe, the plantation worker and rebel leader Mary Thomas and on the labour union leader David Hamilton Jackson, and advocates their canonisation even in a Danish context.
HEXACO personality correlates of adolescents' involvement in bullying situations
Authors: Pronk Jeroen , Olthof Tjeert , de Vries Reinout E. , Goossens Frits A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdolescents' involvement in bullying situations is—at least partially—personality trait‐activated. Although some studies investigated personality correlates of bullying and being victimized, little is known about personality correlates of bystander responses (i.e., reinforcing, outsider behavior, indirect defending, and direct defending). The present study investigated whether Dutch adolescents' self‐reported HEXACO personality traits could explain their peer‐reported involvement in bullying (N = 552; Mage = 13.4 years, SD = 0.8 years). The results show that bullying was negatively related to honesty‐humility, emotionality, agreeableness (for boys specifically), and openness, whereas reinforcing was only negatively related to honesty‐humility and openness. Conversely, direct defending and outsider behavior were positively related to honesty‐humility, emotionality, and openness, whereas indirect defending was only positively related to emotionality and openness. Furthermore, reinforcing was positively related to extraversion (for boys only), whereas outsider behavior was negatively related extraversion and positively to conscientiousness. Finally, being victimized was positively related to emotionality and negatively to extraversion. These findings contribute to our understanding of the heterogeneity in adolescents' involvement in bullying and fit the view of bullying and defending as strategic and goal‐directed behavior. Implications for bullying prevention programs are discussed.
Injectable Self‐Healing Natural Biopolymer‐Based Hydrogel Adhesive with Thermoresponsive Reversible Adhesion for Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Zhou Lei , Dai Cong , Fan Lei , Jiang Yuhe , Liu Can , Zhou Zhengnan , Guan Pengfei , Tian Yu , Xing Jun , Li Xiaojun , Luo Yian , Yu Peng , Ning Chengyun , Tan Guoxin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBiocompatible hydrogel adhesives with multifunctional properties, including injectability, fast self‐healing, and suitable on‐demand detachment, are highly desired for minimally invasive procedures, but such materials are still lacking. Herein, an injectable self‐healing biocompatible hydrogel adhesive with thermoresponsive reversible adhesion based on two extracellular matrix‐derived biopolymers, gelatin and chondroitin sulfate, is developed to be used as a surgical adhesive for sealing or reconnecting ruptured tissues. The resulting hydrogels present good self‐healing and can be conveniently injected through needles. The strong tissue adhesion at physiological temperatures originates from the Schiff base and hydrogen bonding interactions between the hydrogel and tissue that can be weakened at low temperatures, thereby easily detaching the hydrogel from the tissue in the gelation state. In vivo and ex vivo rat model show that the adhesives can effectively seal bleeding wounds and fluid leakages in the absence of sutures or staples. Specifically, a proof of concept experiment in a damaged rat liver model demonstrates the ability of the adhesives to act as a suitable laparoscopic sealant for laparoscopic surgery. Overall, the adhesive has several advantages, including low cost and ease of production and application that make it an exceptional multifunctional tissue adhesive/sealant, effective in minimally invasive surgical applications.
Recent Trends and Prospects in Homogeneous Manganese‐Catalysed Epoxidation
Authors: Philip Rose Mary , Radhika Sankaran , Abdulla C. M. Afsina , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEpoxidation of alkenes is a significant reaction in organic chemistry due to its opportunities in producing compounds of biochemical interest. Catalytic epoxidation with first‐row transition elements has gained attention in the latest years wherein manganese based catalysts stand superior by satisfying numerous principles of green chemistry. In this review, we have summarized the recent developments in olefin epoxidation using homogeneous manganese catalysts. Manganese complexes with porphyrin, Schiff base, salen, and other non‐heme ligands made efficient catalytic systems during the last five years. Notably, we witnessed greener approaches in recent reports wherein photo‐catalysis is a promising strategy. We anticipate that the review will benefit the researchers to get a better understanding of the reaction and to choose the best catalysts for their reactions.magnified image
Engineering Vaccines for Tissue‐Resident Memory T Cells
Authors: Knight Frances C. , Wilson John T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, tissue‐resident memory T cells (TRM) have attracted significant attention in the field of vaccine development. Distinct from central and effector memory T cells, TRM cells take up residence in home tissues such as the lung or urogenital tract and are ideally positioned to respond quickly to pathogen encounter. TRM are found to play a role in the immune response against many globally important infectious diseases for which new or improved vaccines are needed, including influenza and tuberculosis. It is also increasingly clear that TRM play a pivotal role in cancer immunity. Thus, vaccines that can generate this memory T cell population are highly desirable. The field of immunoengineering—that is, the application of engineering principles to study the immune system and design new and improved therapies that harness or modulate immune responses—is ideally poised to provide solutions to this need for next‐generation TRM vaccines. This review covers recent developments in vaccine technologies for generating TRM and protecting against infection and cancer, including viral vectors, virus‐like particles, and synthetic and natural biomaterials. In addition, it offers critical insights on the future of engineering vaccines for tissue‐resident memory T cells.
Engineering of Electron Confinement through Defect‐Based Localized Polarization on SrTiO3 Surface
Authors: Chen Junyan , Liu Wei , Eul Tobias , Chen Mingjing , Hu Xiaoyong , Wang Shufang , Jiang Anquan , Yang Hong , Aeschlimann Martin , Gong Qihuang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectron behaviors are expected to differ in circumstances with polarization. Changes in electron dynamics further result in changes in the physical properties, especially at reduced dimensions. In this paper, threshold photoemission is used to image a 2D electron gas induced on a SrTiO3 surface with regions polarized by defect‐based localized dipolar moments. It is found that the induction of surface polarization results in decrease of the surface itinerant electron density and the magnetic moments at room temperature. Such effects are attributed to the polarization‐based trapping of the surface itinerant electrons. It is also demonstrated that those changes induced by surface polarization can be manipulated by varying temperature. These findings address the importance of polarization in low‐dimensional electron dynamics, which offers an alternative way to engineer the properties of the SrTiO3‐based 2D electron gas.