bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Countering the potential re-emergence of a deadly infectious disease—Information warfare, identifying strategic threats, launching countermeasures
Authors: Ali Rex N. , Rubin Harvey , Sarkar Saswati 
Published: August 2021

Objectives
Eradicated infectious diseases like smallpox can re-emerge through accident or the designs of bioterrorists, and cause heavy casualties. Presently, the populace is largely susceptible as only a small percentage is vaccinated, and their immunity is likely to have waned. And when the disease re-emerges, the susceptible individuals may be manipulated by disinformation on Social Media to refuse vaccines. Thus, a combination of countermeasures consisting of antiviral drugs and vaccines and a range of policies for their application need to be investigated. Opinions regarding whether to receive vaccines evolve over time through social exchanges via networks that overlap with but are not identical to the disease propagation networks. These couple the spread of the biological and information contagion and necessitate a joint investigation of the two.

Methods
We develop a computationally tractable metapopulation epidemiological model that captures the joint spatio-temporal evolution of an infectious disease (e.g., smallpox, COVID-19) and opinion dynamics.

Results
Considering smallpox, the computations based on the model show that opinion dynamics have a substantial impact on the fatality count. Towards understanding how perpetrators are likely to seed the infection, we identify a) the initial distribution of infected individuals that maximize the overall fatality count; and b) which habitation structures are more vulnerable to outbreaks. We assess the relative efficacy of different countermeasures and conclude that a combination of vaccines and drugs minimize the fatalities, and by itself, drugs reduce fatalities more than the vaccine. Accordingly, we assess the impact of increase in the supply of drugs and identify the most effective among a collection of policies for administering of drugs for various parameter combinations. Many of the observed patterns are stable to variations of a diverse set of parameters.

Conclusions
Our findings provide a quantitative foundation for various important elements of public health discourse that have largely been conducted qualitatively.
Sex differences in total cholesterol of Vietnamese adults
Authors: Tran Nga Thi Thu , Blizzard Christopher Leigh , Luong Khue Ngoc , Truong Ngoc Le Van Ngoc , Tran Bao Quoc , Otahal Petr , Nelson Mark R. , Magnussen Costan G. , Van Bui Tan , Srikanth Velandai , Au Thuy Bich , Ha Son Thai , Phung Hai Ngoc , Tran Mai Hoang , Callisaya Michele , Gall Seana 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe mid-life emergence of higher levels of total cholesterol (TC) for women than for men has been observed in different Western and Asian populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is evidence of this in Vietnam and, if so, whether it can be explained by ageing, by body size and fatness, or by socio-demographic characteristics and behavioural factors.MethodsParticipants (n = 14706, 50.9% females) aged 25–64 years were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from eight provinces each representing one of the eight geographical regions of Vietnam. Measurements were made using the World Health Organization STEPS protocols. Linear regression was used to assess the independent contributions of potential explanatory factors to mean levels of TC. Data were analysed using complex survey methods.ResultsMen and women had similar mean levels of body mass index (BMI), and men had modestly higher mean levels of waist circumference (WC), in each 5-year age category. The mean TC of women increased more or less continuously across the age range but with a step-up at age 50 years to reach higher concentrations on average than those of their male counterparts. The estimated step-up was not eliminated by adjustment for anthropometric indices including BMI or WC, or by adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics or behavioural factors. The estimated step-up was least for women with the greatest weight.ConclusionThere is a marked step-up in TC at age 50 years for Vietnamese women that cannot be explained by their age, or by their body fatness or its distribution, or by their socio-demographic characteristics or behavioural factors, and which results in greater mean levels of TC for middle-aged women than for their male counterparts in Vietnam.
VIRTUAL TOUR: TOURISM COMMUNICATION MEDIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN INDONESIA
Authors: Irwan Irwan , Novianti Evi 
Published: August 2021

The covid-19 outbreak that currently hits Indonesia and the world has remained the community to be active to anticipate the spread of this virus. This condition certainly has an impact on tourism destinations and also stakeholders in the tourism sector with no tourist visits in the destination. To face these conditions related to The Covid-19 pandemic, tourism actors must start aggressively looking for new strategies to survive and rise from adversity. Switching to digital media and making new innovations in digital use is considered to be the most suitable choice during this pandemic. One of the digital innovations that can be made by tourism actors is creating a virtual tour. Virtual tours provide the sensation of traveling for tourists without having to leave the house so that they can prevent the spread of this virus. By using a qualitative descriptive method, this research is a phenomenological study that tries to find out about the perceptions of these virtual tourists in experiencing the virtual tour as a tourism communication medium during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. As a result, even though they cannot feel the sensation and satisfaction of carrying out real tourism activities, virtual tour phenomena activities are quite enough to foster people's to be able to travel again when the conditions are back to normal.
Vehicle Trajectory Test on Interlocking Pavement Made From No Fine Agregate Concrete
Authors: Utomo Adityo Budi , Dhanardono Bhima , Hidayatiningrum Laely Fitria 
Published: August 2021

In rainy season, many cases of roads being submerged in water because of a lack of drainage capacity and low water absorption by the subgrade. This study makes no fine aggregate concrete as an interlocking pavement to increase water absorption to the drainage layer and subgrade. No fine aggregate concrete is made from mix of cement : coarse aggregate = 1 : 6 with water cement ratio 0,4. The results showed the value of specific gravity, water absorption, compressive strength, and Na2SO4 resistance are 1,703 gr/cm3, 2.57%, 10.8 MPa, and 0.79%. To see the level of interlocking pavement performance, no fine aggregate concrete is arranged above the drainage layer and the levelling layer, and then a trajectory and inundation test is performed. The result of inundation and trajectory tests shows that interlocking pavement can pass water to subgrade without inundation and can withstand the wheel loader that is equivalent to 13,000 kg so that it can be used for sidewalks, park lanes, and pavement with a maximum axle load of 8 tons.
Mode Selection Sensitivity Analysis between BRT and Private Vehicle (Case Study of Pontianak City CBD Area)
Authors: Suyono Rudi Sugiono , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Yustrinisa Wisa 
Published: August 2021

This type of public transportation BRT mode began to be officially applied in Pontianak City to overcome traffic congestion. The problem is that many travelers prefer to use private vehicles rather than public transportation. This study aims to analyze the sensitivity of the mode selection model which explains the probability of choosing a BRT against aprivate vehicles if a BRT is presented in the Central Business District of Pontianak City. The mode selection method uses the Stated Preferences Technique in the form of a quetionnaire which is analyzed by multiple linear regression to obtain a utility equation. Based on the results of the sensitivity analysis of the mode selection model, the probability value of selecting BRT is 21,7%, if it is in conditions where the difference in the attributes offacilities and comfort (X1) is -10, this means that there are no facilities and conveniences of BRTsuch as private vehicles, thesecond is the difference in thewaiting time attribute (X2) which is 15 minutes, the third condition is the difference in travel costs attribute (X3) namely Rp 0,- and the fourth condition is the difference in travel time attribute (X4), which is 10 minutes To increase the probability of choosing a BRT to 60%, it can be done by increasing the difference between the facilities and comfort attributes to 0 (zero), which means there is no difference in facilities and comfort that BRT has with private vehicles such as the availability of air conditioning, free WIFI, clean, fragrant, having a bag storage area and others. This is because the most sensitive attributes compared to other attributes are facilities and comfort attributes.
Neue Quellenfunde zur frühen Rezeption der Kinder- und Hausmärchen der Brüder Grimm im China der ersten zwei Jahrzehnte des 20. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Wu Xiaoqiao 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die frühe chinesische Rezeption der Kinder- und Hausmärchen (KHM) der Brüder Grimm, die in das letzte Jahrzehnt der Qing-Dynastie fällt und bis zur 4. Mai-Bewegung 1919 (‌五四运动) dauerte, zeichnet sich durch eine auffallende Anonymität aus. Wegen der Ausblendung von Autoren- und unter Umständen zumeist auch von Übersetzernamen sowie verwirrenden Variationen bei Angabe der Gattungsbezeichnung Märchen fällt es bisherigen Forschern schwer, einschlägige Übersetzungs- und Rezeptionsbelege zu identifizieren. Der vorliegende Aufsatz unternimmt den Versuch, mittels neu recherchierter Befunde die Desiderate in der bisherigen Forschung zu beseitigen. Es wird ein besonderes Augenmerk gerichtet auf die in der bisherigen Forschung kaum beachtete originale Vorlage der ersten chinesischen KHM-Sammlung Shixie sowie auf einige zerstreut in Zeitschriften und Zeitungen publizierte Belegtexte, die hier zum ersten Mal zur Kenntnis genommen werden.
Simulation of heat transfer characteristics of tire particles in rotary kiln reactor
Authors: Fu Yuefeng , Wang Bing , Zheng Hongbin , Zeng Dewang , Xiao Rui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, we examined and strengthened the motion and heat transfer characteristics of tire particles in a rotary kiln. To overcome the difficulty of controlling the residence time of tire pellets and poor heat transfer, a study was conducted on heat transfer enhancement owing to lifting flight in a rotary kiln with spiral grooves. We developed a particle mechanics model using the discrete element method, and then simulated tire particle motion and obtained results using the EDEM software platform. The obtained motion results were programmed on a MATLAB platform for performing a heat transfer simulation study on the improvement in heat transfer. The coupling model of motion and heat transfer of waste tire particles was established. Through the analysis of particle movement and heat transfer, the following conclusions are obtained: with the increase of the lifting flight, the particle swarm heats up faster and more uniformly; with the increase of the rotation speed, the temperature of the particles rises faster and more uniformly, which has only the same effect as the lifting flight; to a certain extent, the smaller particle size can also improve the heat transfer effect. The maximum error of the relatively accurate coupling model of tire particle motion and heat transfer in a rotary kiln was only 12%, which provides a certain guiding significance for the improved design of the reactor.
A case of monogenic diabetes mellitus caused by a novel heterozygous RFX6 nonsense mutation in a 14-year-old girl
Authors: Kim Goo Lyeon , Kwak Soo Heon , Yu Jeesuk 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Monogenic diabetes mellitus (DM) is a single gene disorder, primarily characterized by impairment in the development or function of pancreatic beta cells.

Case presentation
A 14-year-old girl was initially diagnosed with type 2 DM. The patient did not have any anti-islet autoantibody and showed acanthosis nigricans. She was managed with long-acting insulin and oral hypoglycemic agent, but HbA1c was still 9.3% after 1 year of management. Her mother already had type 2 DM at 46-year-old and was on medication. Under the possibility of familial monogenic DM, targeted exome sequencing was performed which included 29 genes associated with monogenic DM. Nonsense mutation of the gene RFX6 (c.2661T>A, p.Tyr887∗) was found. After adding Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, HbA1c improved from 8.8 to 6.8% and body mass index (BMI) also improved from 31.0 to 29.2 kg/m2.

Conclusions
It may be worth investigating genetic etiology in early-onset autoantibody-negative DM for specific genetic diagnosis and better management.
Mitigating the charge trapping effects of D-sorbitol/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) polymer blend contacts to crystalline silicon
Authors: Cohen Daniel , Thakur Esha , Walter Michael G. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Solution-processable conductive polymers are advantageous materials for making inexpensive, electrical junctions to crystalline semiconductors. We have investigated methods to improve the device performance of hybrid solar cells made from n-type silicon and a conductive polymer glue based on a blend of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and D-sorbitol. The PEDOT:PSS blend behaves like a high work function metal creating a Schottky-type junction. The addition of D-sorbitol increases PEDOT:PSS conductivity and provides adhesive properties, allowing the top contact of the solar cell to be laminated onto the silicon substrate. Unfortunately, the addition of the D-sorbitol to the PEDOT:PSS significantly alters the shape of the measured current-voltage performance curve of a crystalline silicon (n-Si)/PEDOT:PSS junction. Under illumination, this results in a decline in the fill factor (FF) and a drop in photocurrent density (J
sc) compared to PEDOT:PSS-only devices. We have discovered that the decline in device performance is likely due to surface trap states caused by D-sorbitol/silicon interaction and/or silicon oxidation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis shows that surface oxidation quickens, and possible silicon surface functionalization with D-sorbitol occurs while processing the D-sorbitol/PEDOT:PSS contact on H-terminated surfaces. To overcome these interface issues, the silicon surface was chemically modified using surface methylation, making it insensitive to D-sorbitol/silicon interactions and surface oxidation during the processing of the PEDOT:PSS polymer blend contact. This also enabled the crystalline silicon (n-Si)/s-PEDOT:PSS device performance to be maintained for longer periods. Using a silicon surface methylation strategy, good device performance could be achieved without changing the adhesive properties of D-sorbitol/PEDOT:PSS polymer blend.
Generation of an Iba1-EGFP Transgenic Rat for the Study of Microglia in an Outbred Rodent Strain
Authors: VanRyzin Jonathan W. , Arambula Sheryl E. , Ashton Sydney E. , Blanchard Alexa C. , Burzinski Max D. , Davis Katherine T. , Edwards Serena , Graham Emily L. , Holley Amanda , Kight Katherine E. , Marquardt Ashley E. , Perez-Pouchoulen Miguel , Pickett Lindsay A. , Reinl Erin L. , McCarthy Margaret M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeuroscience has been transformed by the ability to genetically modify inbred mice, including the ability to express fluorescent markers specific to cell types or activation states. This approach has been put to particularly good effect in the study of the innate immune cells of the brain, microglia. These specialized macrophages are exceedingly small and complex, but also highly motile and mobile. To date, there have been no tools similar to those in mice available for studying these fundamental cells in the rat brain, and we seek to fill that gap with the generation of the genetically modified Sprague Dawley rat line:SD-Tg(Iba1-EGFP)Mmmc. Using CRISPR-Cas/9 technology, we knocked inEGFPto the promoter of the geneIba1. With four male and three female founders confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis to have appropriate and specific insertion, we established a breeding colony with at least three generations of backcrosses to obtain stable and reliable Iba1-EGFP expression. The specificity of EGFP expression to microglia was established by flow cytometry for CD45low/CD11b+cells and by immunohistochemistry. Microglial EGFP expression was detected in neonates and persisted into adulthood. Blood macrophages and monocytes were found to express low levels of EGFP, as expected. Last, we show that EGFP expression is suitable for live imaging of microglia processes in acute brain slices and via intravital two-photon microscopy.
Differential Retinoic Acid Signaling in the Hippocampus of Aged Rats with and without Memory Impairment
Authors: Wołoszynowska-Fraser Marta U. , Rossi Sharyn L. , Long Jeffrey M. , McCaffery Peter J. , Rapp Peter R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, has many physiological functions, and mounting evidence points to important roles in cognition.In vitroexperiments indicate that RA is involved in homeostatic synaptic scaling in the hippocampus, which supports overall network stability during learning. It has been previously determined that disrupted RA signaling in the hippocampus causes deterioration of memory, that RA signaling declines with age in brain, and that application of RA reverses this decline. Here, we explore whether RA signaling is altered in an animal model of neurocognitive aging. We used a Morris water maze protocol to study cognitive decline in aged rats, which assesses hippocampus-dependent spatial memory and reveals substantial interindividual differences in aged animals. Aged unimpaired (AU) rats perform on par with young (Y), while aged impaired (AI) animals exhibit spatial memory deficits. We show that the major substrate for RA, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), is decreased in AU rats, and retinol cell surface receptor declines with chronological age. Other affected components of RA signaling include selective increases in AI animals in hippocampal synthesis (RALDH1) and catabolism of RA (CYP26B1), RA receptor α, the RA regulated ionotropic glutamate receptor (GluR1), as well as fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). The results support the conclusion that, surprisingly, increased RA signaling in the aged hippocampus is associated with poor cognitive outcome.
Maternal adiposity, smoking, and thyroid function in early pregnancy
Authors: Andersen Stine Linding , Knøsgaard Louise , Handberg Aase , Vestergaard Peter , Andersen Stig 
Published: August 2021

Objective
A high activity of the deiodinase type 2 has been proposed in overweight, obese, and smoking pregnant women as reflected by a high triiodothyronine (T3)/thyroxine (T4) ratio. We speculated how maternal adiposity and smoking would associate with different thyroid function tests in the early pregnancy.

Design
Cross-sectional study within the North Denmark Region Pregnancy Cohort.

Methods
Maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total T4 (TT4), total T3 (TT3), free T4 (fT4), and free T3 (fT3) were measured in stored blood samples (median gestational week 10) by an automatic immunoassay. Results were linked to nationwide registers, and live-birth pregnancies were included. The associations between maternal adiposity (overweight or obese), smoking, and log-transformed TSH, fT3/fT4 ratio, and TT3/TT4 ratio were assessed using multivariate linear regression and reported as adjusted exponentiated β coefficient (aβ) with 95% CI. The adjusted model included maternal age, parity, origin, week of blood sampling, and diabetes.

Results
Altogether 5529 pregnant women were included, and 40% were classified with adiposity, whereas 10% were smoking. Maternal adiposity was associated with higher TSH (aβ 1.13 (95% CI 1.08–1.20)), whereas maternal smoking was associated with lower TSH in the early pregnancy (0.875 (0.806–0.950)). Considering the T3/T4 ratio, both maternal adiposity (fT3/fT4 ratio: 1.06 (1.05–1.07); TT3/TT4 ratio: 1.07 (1.06–1.08)) and smoking (fT3/fT4 ratio: 1.07 (1.06–1.09); TT3/TT4 ratio: 1.10 (1.09–1.12)) were associated with a higher ratio.

Conclusions
In a large cohort of Danish pregnant women, adiposity and smoking showed opposite associations with maternal TSH. On the other hand, both conditions were associated with a higher T3/T4 ratio in early pregnancy, which may reflect altered deiodinase activity.
El Catatumbo, la amenaza del olvido
Authors: Lázaro Quintero Manuel Andrés 
Published: August 2021

La palabra Catatumbo en lengua Barí significa “Casa del Trueno” y se refiere a la región fronteriza con Venezuela en el Norte de Santander conformada por los municipios de Ocaña, Convención, El Carmen, Teorama, San Calixto, Hacarí, La Playa de Belén, El Tarra, Tibú y Sardinata; también la conforman los resguardos Motilón-Barí y Catalaura, donde habita el Pueblo Barí. Para llegar al Catatumbo se puede acceder por los municipios de Tibú y Ocaña. Durante mucho tiempo esta región ha estado al margen de la vida nacional. Hasta hace solo unos pocos años ha comenzado a sonar en los medios debido a la incursión paramilitar del bloque Catatumbo entre los años 1999-2004 que trajo consigo un tsunami de masacres, torturas, desapariciones, violencia y abuso sexual en la región, sobre todo en La Gabarra, Tibú y la región que se conoce como el Catatumbo Bajo. En el año 2019 volvió a estar en la mira nacional debido al asesinato del excombatiente de las FARC-EP, Dimar Torres, perpetrado por la fuerza pública el 22 de abril y denunciado en redes sociales por la comunidad de Campo Alegre en el municipio de Convención, Alto Catatumbo.
Visions, Participation and Engagement in New Community Information Infrastructures
Authors: Carroll John M , Horning Michael A. , Hoffman Blaine , Ganoe Craig H , Robinson Harold R. , Rosson Mary Beth 
Published: August 2021

Through the past seven years, our research group has engaged in a participatory action research collaboration with a variety of community partners to explore understandings, possibilities, and commitments for a new community networking infrastructure in State College, Pennsylvania. This paper describes a case study of multifaceted information technology infrastructures, and of collaborating with the plethora of actors and institutions that are stakeholders in such infrastructures. Information technology projects increasingly depend upon the commitment and energies of a great diversity of stakeholders. Understanding better how such broad projects move forward is critical to society.