bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptoms of anxiety after heart transplantation and their association with mortality: A secondary analysis
Authors: Bürker Britta S. , Malt Ulrik F. , Gude Einar , Grov Ingelin , Relbo Authen Anne , Dew Mary Amanda , Gullestad Lars 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundFew studies, with inconclusive results, have examined the association of anxiety with mortality after heart transplantation (HTx). We examined whether anxiety symptoms, measured several years after HTx, are associated with increased mortality during long‐term follow‐up.MethodsAnxiety symptoms were measured with the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Checklist‐90‐R (SCL‐90‐R) in 142 HTx recipients at a mean of 5.7 years (SD: 3.9) after HTx. Anxiety symptoms’ impact on mortality during follow‐up for up to 18.6 years was examined with Cox proportional hazard models. We accounted for relevant sociodemographic and clinical variables, including depressive symptoms (measured by the depression subscale of the SCL‐90‐R), in the multivariate analyses. In additional analyses, we explored the combined effect of anxious and depressive symptomatology.ResultsAnxiety symptoms were not significantly associated with mortality (univariate analysis: HR (95% CI): 1.04 (0.75–1.45); p = .813). Exploration of the combined effect of anxious and depressive symptomatology on mortality rendered non‐significant results. Depressive symptoms were independently associated with mortality (multivariate analysis: HR (95% CI): 1.86 (1.07–3.24); p = .028).ConclusionsDepressive symptoms’ negative impact on survival after HTx was confirmed, while anxiety symptoms were not significantly associated with mortality during long‐term follow‐up. Anxiety symptoms’ predictive role after HTx requires further study.
The Nurturing of a Communal Self in an Elementary School Home Class: A Case of the Innovation School Movement in South Korea
Authors: Son Sungkyu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article examines the educational practices of elementary schooling in South Korea, especially the case of the recent “innovation school (hyeoksinhakgyo)” movement in the public school system. In particular, the educational unit of the home class, called “ban,” has been strengthened in innovation schools to nurture, simultaneously, communality and creativity among students. By presenting ethnographic scenes from a sixth‐grade home class, I seek to show how the sociality of the home class is organized, and interpersonal behaviors are regulated by the teacher to nurture interdependence among the students, interdependence as a crucial foundation for creativity learning and community spirit in the ban. I also attend to the children's responses and reactions to the organizing and regulating of their peer relationships, especially when equality is imposed as a paramount value in peer sociality. [Interdependence, Peer Group, Schooling, Home Class, South Korea]Abstract in Korean본 논문은 초등학교에서의 현지조사를 토대로 2010년대 한국의 혁신학교에서 나타나는 공교육 개혁의 방향성과 그 실천적 효과를 검토한다. 특히 학생들의 공동체성과 창의성을 함양하는 과정에서 혁신학교에서 ‘반’이라는 교육의 기본단위가 강화되는 장면들에 주목한다. 보다 구체적으로, 반의 사회성이 어떤 식으로 구축되는지, 교사‐학생 간, 그리고 또래 간 관계성이 교사에 의해 어떻게 조정되는지 살펴본다. 교사는 지속적으로 학생들 간 상호의존성을 일깨우고자 하는데, 상호의존성은 창의성 교육 및 반 공동체성의 핵심적 토대로 자리한다. 이 연구는 무엇보다도 교사가 또래관계에 개입하고 규제하는 방식, 그리고 아이들이 그것에 반응하는 양태에 주목한다. 이러한 방식과 양태는 반 공동체의 핵심가치로 평등이 부각되는 순간들과 연루되어 있다. 이를 통해 전지구화 시대 한국에서 공교육 개혁이 반의 공동체적 특징을 강화하거나 재각색하는 작업임을, 그리고 공동체성의 핵심에 특정한 평등이라는 이상이 놓여있음을 밝힌다.
Microenvironmental markers are correlated with lymph node metastasis in invasive submucosal colorectal cancer
Authors: Sugai Tamotsu , Yamada Noriyuki , Osakabe Mitsumasa , Hashimoto Mai , Uesugi Noriyuki , Eizuka Makoto , Tanaka Yoshihito , Sugimoto Ryo , Yanagawa Naoki , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: April 2021

AimsRecent studies have shown that the microenvironment can include cancer cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and that both play important roles in the progression and metastasis of CRC. Here, we aimed to analyse the expression patterns of cancer cell‐ and CAF‐related proteins in submucosal invasive colorectal cancer (SiCRC) and whether such markers are correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM).Methods and resultsQuantitative analysis was conducted for Ki‐67, p53, β‐catenin and matrix metalloproteinase‐7 (MMP7) to assess cancer cell markers. In addition, we examined CAF markers, including smooth muscle alpha‐actin (α‐SMA), CD10, podoplanin, fibroblast‐specific protein 1 (FSP‐1), platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)‐α, PDGFR‐β, adipocyte enhancer‐binding protein 1 (AEBP1), fibroblast‐associated protein 1 (FAP‐1), zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and TWIST‐related protein 1 (TWIST1). In both cases, we conducted digital pathology with Aperio software. We also examined the expression patterns of biomarkers using hierarchical cluster analysis. Two subgroups were established based on the expression patterns of cancer cell‐ and CAF‐ related markers, and the associations of these subgroups with clinicopathological variables. In multivariate analysis, subgroup 2, which was characterised by high expression of Ki‐67, p53, FAP‐1, platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)‐α, PDGFR‐β and TWIST1, was correlated with LNM (P < 0.01). Next, we examined the associations of individual biomarkers with LNM. Multivariate analysis showed that high expression levels of Ki‐67 and FAP‐1 were significantly associated with LNM (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings showed that expression patterns of cancer cell‐ and CAF‐related proteins may allow for stratification of patients into risk categories for LNM in SiCRC. In addition, Ki‐67‐ and FAP‐1‐expressing microenvironmental cells might be helpful for identification of correlations with LNM in SiCRC.
Montée en qualification et modification de la répartition au sein de la chaîne de valeur mondiale du secteur de l’électronique
Authors: LLADÓS‐MASLLORENS Josep , MESEGUER‐ARTOLA Antoni , VILASECA‐REQUENA Jordi 
Published: April 2021

RésuméLe secteur de l’électronique repose sur une chaîne de production mondiale particulièrement complexe. Les auteurs s'appuient sur des données de la base WIOD pour la période 2000–2014 afin d'apprécier la contribution des pays à cette chaîne de valeur. Ils examinent notamment l'incidence de la crise financière mondiale de 2007–2008 sur son évolution et établissent une cartographie des interactions internationales. L’étude révèle une augmentation des délocalisations depuis la crise financière, la Chine et d'autres pays d'Asie de l'Est étant devenus les principaux pôles de création de valeur. Elle montre aussi que les technologies de production ont connu une transformation radicale, accompagnée d'une montée en qualification.
Electronic structure and thermal conductivity of zirconium carbide with hafnium additions
Authors: Zhou Yue , Fahrenholtz William G. , Graham Joseph , Hilmas Gregory E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe lattice thermal conductivity of ZrC with different Hf contents was investigated theoretically. The density of states and electron density differences were calculated for ZrC and (Zr,Hf)C containing 3.125 or 6.25 at% Hf. It was found that the electronic structure did not change significantly with the Hf additions. Lattice thermal conductivities were calculated for all of the compositions by combining first‐principles calculations with the Debye–Callaway model. The theoretical lattice thermal conductivity of ZrC was 68 W·m−1·K−1 at room temperature. When adding 3.125 and 6.25 at% Hf into ZrC, the lattice thermal conductivities decreased to 18 and 15 W·m−1·K−1, respectively. The mechanism for the decreased conductivity is that with the addition of Hf impurities, the frequency of the acoustic phonons decreased, which resulted in decreases in the Debye temperature and lattice thermal conductivity.
Defect cluster engineering in ZnGa2−x(Mg/Ge)xO4:Cr3+ nanoparticles for remarkably improved NIR persistent luminescence
Authors: Zhu Qi , Xiahou Junqing , Li Xiaodong , Sun Xudong , Li Ji‐Guang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecently, study on Cr3+‐doped zinc gallate and zinc gallogermanate persistent phosphors has become a hot topic in persistent luminescence and bio imaging areas, because of their near infrared (NIR) emission and long afterglow. However, regulation of efficient traps and improvement of persistent luminescence through bottom‐up design are the key challenge. Here, we recommend a new paradigm of chemical unit co‐substitution with [Mg2+‐Ge4+] substituting for [Ga3+‐Ga3+] in ZnGa2O4, which contributes to the opposite charged and distorted octahedral defects of MgGa′ and GeGa· in pair around the CrN2 ions. The formed defect clusters of MgGa′‐CrN2‐GeGa·, which are closely related to the trap depth, can be accurately regulated through varying the doping content of Mg2+/Ge4+ in the resulting spinel solid solutions of ZnGa2−x(Mg/Ge)xO4:Cr3+ (x = 0–1.25). Moreover, the defect clusters cannot only store and recharge visible and UV radiations that contributes to the long lasting NIR persistent luminescence but also can enhance the NIR emission intensity at ~695 nm. The persistent luminescence induced by UV light excitation exhibits an improvement at a deeper trap depth, but it follows an opposite law through visible light excitation. The prepared nanoparticles have the advantages of intense NIR emission, long lasting afterglow, and excellent rechargeability for visible/UV radiations, so they are the potential nanoprobes for long‐term bio imaging in living animals.
Warm winters and cool springs negatively influence recruitment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in a southern England chalk stream
Authors: Marsh Jessica E. , Lauridsen Rasmus B. , Riley William D. , Simmons Olivia M. , Artero Céline , Scott Luke J. , Beaumont William R. C. , Beaumont William A. , Davy‐Bowker John , Lecointre Thomas , Roberts Dylan E. , Gregory Stephen D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrevious work suggests that juvenile salmon recruitment in rain‐fed rivers is negatively influenced by warm and wet winters and cool springs. We tested whether this is generally applicable to a southern England chalk stream characterized by comparatively stable discharges and temperatures. We found that warm spawning and cool emergence temperatures negatively influenced juvenile recruitment between 2015 and 2020. Together these findings suggest an ability to predict juvenile productivity from water temperature records around spawning and fry emergence, thereby allowing time for management interventions in years of unfavourable temperatures.
Flavonoid fisetin reverses impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function by regulating the function of AMPARs in a male rat model of schizophrenia
Authors: Zhan Jin‐Qiong , Chen Chun‐Nuan , Wu Si‐Xian , Wu Han‐Jun , Zou Ke , Xiong Jian‐Wen , Wei Bo , Yang Yuan‐Jian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCognitive deficits are the core feature of schizophrenia and effective treatment strategies are still missing. Previous studies have reported that fisetin promotes long‐term potentiation (LTP) and cognitive function in normal rodents and other model animals of neurological diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of fisetin on synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits caused by a brief disruption of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) with dizocilpine (MK‐801) during early development in rats. The cognitive performance was examined by the Morris water maze task and a fear conditioning test. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity was investigated by field potential recording. The expression of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) and cognition‐related proteins was measured by western blotting. We found that intraperitoneal administration of fisetin rescued hippocampus‐dependent spatial and contextual fear memory in MK‐801 rats. In parallel with these behavioral results, fisetin treatment in MK‐801 rats reversed the impairment of hippocampal LTP. At the molecular level, fisetin treatment selectively increased the phosphorylation and surface expression of AMPA receptor subunit 1 (GluA1) in MK‐801‐treated rats. Moreover, fisetin restored the phosphorylation levels of calcium‐calmodulin‐dependent kinaseII (CaMKII), cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), and the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in MK‐801‐treated rats. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that fisetin treatment can reverse the deficits of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory in a male rat model of schizophrenia by restoring the phosphorylation and surface expression of AMPAR GluA1 subunit, suggesting fisetin as a promising therapeutic candidate for schizophrenia‐associated cognitive deficits.
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Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with hypertrophic nerves
Authors: Ripellino Paolo , Ventura Elisa , Querol Luis , Gobbi Claudio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe describe the distinctive features (with images and video) of a case of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) with giant nerves. The main clinical findings were insidious onset, gait ataxia and sensory symptoms. Electrodiagnostic studies showed very slow nerve conduction velocities, multiple conduction blocks, distal CMAP duration increase and absence of F‐waves. The protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid was very high. Nerve ultrasound showed swelling of all peripheral nerves outside entrapment sites, with significant variability within different segments of the same nerve; nerves were massively enlarged (up to 10‐fold normal values). Brain MRI showed hypertrophic cranial nerves, with gadolinium‐enhancement. Spinal MRI showed hypertrophy of spinal roots and cauda equine, with gadolinium enhancement. Genetic test (PMP22 duplication/deletion, Whole Exome Sequencing panel for neuropathies) resulted negative. The patient had a relapsing‐remitting course and responded to immunoglobulin treatment. In CIDP with hypertrophic nerves, there is discrepancy between severe nerve hypertrophy and mild clinical symptoms. Nerve enlargement seems inversely related to nerve conduction velocity and directly correlated with disease duration, but not associated with disease severity.
Potato virus Y recombinant coat protein production in Escherichia coli: Applications in antibody production and virus detection
Authors: Rabie Mona , Abdel Aleem Engy E. , Elwan Esraa A. , Fattouh Faiza A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe coat protein coding region of Potato virus Y (PVY) was cloned into pGEM‐T, sub‐cloned into plasmid pET‐28a (+) then transformed into Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) pLysS to express the protein. Induction of the recombinant protein was made with isopropyl‐β‐d‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), which has been tested in a variety of concentrations and for varying periods of time. The highest expression level of the protein was achieved with 1 mM IPTG for 4 hr. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) followed by Western blotting has been used to confirm the identity of the expressed protein. The PVY coat protein (30 kDa) was purified under denaturing conditions by affinity chromatography and identity reconfirmed by Western blotting. The expressed protein was used as a recombinant antigen to raise polyclonal antibodies in mice. Purified anti‐PVYCP immunoglobulin (IgG) reacted positively with PVY‐infected leaf samples and the purified expressed CP in plate‐trapped antigen enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (PTA‐ELISA). The currently produced antiserum detects the more prevailing strains in the region: PVY N, NTN and Wilga.
Risk‐neutral pricing techniques and examples
Authors: Jarrow Robert A. , Patie Pierre , Srapionyan Anna , Zhao Yixuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTractability and flexibility are among the two most attractive features of models in mathematical finance. For the pricing of derivative products, to avoid arbitrage opportunities, the fundamental theorem of asset pricing requires the existence of an equivalent martingale measure under which the discounted price process is a (local) martingale. In the semimartingale setting, the traditional approach of risk‐neutral valuation uses a change of measure invoking Girsanov's theorem. This approach often destroys the tractability of the process which is undesirable for quantitative finance applications. To overcome these limitations, we employ a transformation based on the concept of intertwining relationships that allows us to convert Markovian semigroups into a pricing semigroup while keeping its tractability. In order to illustrate the usefulness of this approach, we apply it to exponential Lévy, positive self‐similar, and generalized CIR processes that all fall within the class of polynomial processes introduced by Cuchiero et al. (2012). Furthermore, for the jump CIR class, relying on recent work of Patie and Savov (2019), we provide an eigenvalues expansion of the pricing semigroup and carry out some numerical experiments.
Comparative genome sequencing reveals insights into the dynamics of Wolbachia in native and invasive cherry fruit flies
Authors: Wolfe Thomas M. , Bruzzese Daniel J. , Klasson Lisa , Corretto Erika , Lečić Sonja , Stauffer Christian , Feder Jeffrey L. , Schuler Hannes 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWolbachia is a maternally inherited obligate endosymbiont that can induce a wide spectrum of effects in its host, ranging from mutualism to reproductive parasitism. At the genomic level, recombination within and between strains, transposable elements, and horizontal transfer of strains between host species make Wolbachia an evolutionarily dynamic bacterial system. The invasive cherry fruit fly Rhagoletis cingulata arrived in Europe from North America ~40 years ago, where it now co‐occurs with the native cherry pest R. cerasi. This shared distribution has been proposed to have led to the horizontal transfer of different Wolbachia strains between the two species. To better understand transmission dynamics, we performed a comparative genome study of the strain wCin2 in its native United States and invasive European populations of R. cingulata with wCer2 in European R. cerasi. Previous multilocus sequence genotyping (MLST) of six genes implied that the source of wCer2 in R. cerasi was wCin2 from R. cingulata. However, we report genomic evidence discounting the recent horizontal transfer hypothesis for the origin of wCer2. Despite near identical sequences for the MLST markers, substantial sequence differences for other loci were found between wCer2 and wCin2, as well as structural rearrangements, and differences in prophage, repetitive element, gene content, and cytoplasmic incompatibility inducing genes. Our study highlights the need for whole‐genome sequencing rather than relying on MLST markers for resolving Wolbachia strains and assessing their evolutionary dynamics.
Temperate and tropical coastal waters share relatively similar microbial biofilm communities while free‐living or particle‐attached communities are distinct
Authors: Catão C. P. Elisa , Pollet Thomas , Garnier Cédric , Barry‐Martinet Raphaëlle , Rehel Karine , Linossier Isabelle , Tunin‐Ley Alina , Turquet Jean , Briand Jean‐François 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFree‐living (FL) marine microbial communities differ from those attached to particles (PA). Likewise, biofilms (B) colonizing artificial surfaces, including plastics or ship hulls, hardly resemble their planktonic surroundings. However, few studies have examined the effect of the environment on these lifestyles and on the source of organisms colonizing marine surfaces. Using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, we identified specificities of marine prokaryotic community lifestyles (FL, PA or B) sampled in three coastal polluted locations with dissimilar environmental conditions: the North‐Western Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Biofilms developed over polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were found to be significantly different from FL or PA collected during the immersions. Alpha‐diversity increased from FL to PA and to B, illustrating the integrative aspect of the latter, with little proportion of operational taxonomic units shared with the first two. Beta‐diversity clustered first the lifestyles and then the sites. FL and PA were more affected by water quality, especially by trace metal contamination, whereas B were as sensitive to trace metals as to nutrients. Although biofilms should be supplied by the planktonic (ultra) rare biosphere, source tracking could only detect small contributions of FL or PA taxa to B communities.
An algorithm for random generation of admissible horizontal alignments for optimum layout design
Authors: Vázquez‐Méndez Miguel E. , Casal Gerardo , Castro Alberte , Santamarina Duarte 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work deals with the design of horizontal alignments (HAs) for its application in intelligent civil systems. Two consecutive tasks are performed: the random generation of admissible horizontal alignments (AHAs; alignments verifying some geometric constraints set in advance) and the optimal design of layouts joining two given points. A rigorous mathematical analysis of the first task leads to a novel algorithm for random generation of alignments, which is used to develop the global optimization method proposed for the second task. The usefulness of this approach is shown on some practical applications. First, two problems with applications in robotics, pipe layout design, and forest road design are solved in realistic situations. Next, the random generation of AHAs in mountainous terrain is addressed. Finally, the model is extended to 3D alignments and a real case study is presented, designing a bypass on the N‐640 Spanish national road, surrounding the urban area of Monterroso.
Nalbuphine for spinal anesthesia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Pan , Zhang Jie , Wang Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeVarious adjuvants for prolongation of intra‐operative and postoperative analgesia have been clinically studied, but the safety and efficiency of nalbuphine as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia remains unconfirmed. Therefore, we conducted a meta‐analysis about the effect of nalbuphine as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia in regard to time of onset of sensory blockade and motor blockade, duration of motor blockade, 2‐segment sensory regression time, the duration of analgesia, and incidence of side effects to provide a reliable basis for clinical application.MethodsDatabases, including PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, WanFang, and Viper, were searched for eligible studies. Data were extracted according to the proposed inclusion and exclusion criteria, RevMan version 5.3 and Stata 16 were selected to perform meta‐analysis.ResultsEighteen published studies including 1633 patients met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that adding nalbuphine to local anesthetics for spinal anesthesia can prolong two‐segment sensory regression time (mean difference [MD] = 24.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 19.61–29.00, p < 0.001) and the duration of analgesia (MD = 118.11; 95% CI = 71.34–164.89, p < 0.001) without significantly increasing the incidence of adverse reactions in comparison to normal saline group. In addition, the analgesic effect of nalbuphine group was not statistically different from that of control group when compared with the potent opioid group, but the occurrence of hypotension (risk ratio [RR] = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.18–0.68, p < 0.01), the occurrence of shivering (RR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.08–0.43, p < 0.01), and the occurrence of pruritus (RR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.10–0.53, p < 0.01) was lower than the potent opioid group.ConclusionsNalbuphine as additives to local anesthetics can significantly prolong the two segments of sensory block and the average duration of analgesia without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions when compared with normal saline group. In addition, the analgesic efficacy of nalbuphine served as an adjunct to local anesthetics was clinically not different from that of the potent opioids, but the occurrence of hypotension, shivering, and pruritus was lower than the potent opioids.