bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spherical Sefirot in Early Kabbalah
Authors: Weiss Judith 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the vein of important observations made by several scholars, in this article I discuss a variegated corpus of early sefirotic passages attesting to the prevalence and conventionality of spherical perceptions of the sefirot, already at the earliest stages of the sefirotic literature known to us. First, I show that for at least a substantial number of the earliest authors, seeing the sefirot as a set of concentric, hierarchical spherical divine entities was a self-evident premise. Second, I offer a tripartite division of the material, based on the different types of inner hierarchies characterizing the spherical descriptions. For each of these types I offer a relevant ideational context, related to contemporary cosmological conventions as well as to various theological notions.
Red Listing lichenized fungi: best practices and future prospects
Authors: Yahr Rebecca , Allen Jessica L. , Atienza Violeta , Burgartz Frank , Chrismas Nathan , Dal Forno Manuela , Degtjarenko Polina , Ohmura Yoshihito , Pérez-Ortega Sergio , Randlane Tiina , Reese Næsborg Rikke , Simijaca-Salcedo Diego , von Hirschheydt Gesa , Anderson Frances , Aptroot Andre , Balderas Eli , Borukhiyah Niles , Chandler Amanda M. , Chesa Marro Maria , Divakar Pradeep K. , García Renato Andrés , Herrera-Campos Maria de los Ángeles , Howe Natalie , Joseph Siljo , Larsen Elaine M. , Lendemer James C. , McMullin R. Troy , Michlig Andrea , Moncada Bibiana , Paulsen Julianna , Roa-García Francibelk , Rosentreter Roger , Scheidegger Christoph , Sparrius Laurens B. , Stone Daphne Fisher 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAccording to International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) guidelines, all species must be assessed against all criteria during the Red Listing process. For organismal groups that are diverse and understudied, assessors face considerable challenges in assembling evidence due to difficulty in applying definitions of key terms used in the guidelines. Challenges also arise because of uncertainty in population sizes (Criteria A, C, D) and distributions (Criteria A2/3/4c, B). Lichens, which are often small, difficult to identify, or overlooked during biodiversity inventories, are one such group for which specific difficulties arise in applying Red List criteria. Here, we offer approaches and examples that address challenges in completing Red List assessments for lichens in a rapidly changing arena of data availability and analysis strategies. While assessors still contend with far from perfect information about individual species, we propose practical solutions for completing robust assessments given the currently available knowledge of individual lichen life-histories.
Major and Trace Element Variations and Lithologic Component Analysis in Apollo 17 Drive Tube 73001/2
Authors: Neuman Mason , Koefoed Piers , Wang Kun , Jolliff Bradley L. , Korotev Randy L. , Morris Richard V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSamples 73001 and 73002, which make up the lower and upper portions, respectively, of the double drive tube containing regolith (“soil”) collected on the “light mantle” at Station 3 during Apollo 17. Using a quadrupole inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer (ICP‐MS) and fused‐bead electron‐probe microanalysis (FB‐EPMA), we determined the chemical composition of every 0.5 cm dissection interval of the entire 56.9 cm length of the double drive tube, which penetrated to a depth of 70.6 cm below the regolith surface. We used the chemical compositions to model the proportions of different lithologic components found at the Apollo 17 site. Elemental variations with depth were linked to different proportions of these components. Higher amounts of high‐Ti mare basalt near the 73002 surface (uniformly dark‐toned regolith from 0 to 1.5 cm) indicate mixing of local mare materials by small impact cratering. Decreasing proportions of high‐Ti mare basalt below 1.5 cm result from the mixing of dark and light regolith components during the dissection process on Earth. Below about 7.5 cm, compositions indicate consistent amounts of primarily highlands material (<5% high‐Ti mare basalt), which can be described as a mixture of noritic impact‐melt and anorthositic‐norite components. In detail, the modeled anorthositic‐norite component, which may represent the pre‐basin upper crust in this part of the Moon, ranges from 50 to 60 wt.%. The modeled noritic impact‐melt breccia component remains relatively uniform at 35–40 wt.% throughout the length of 73002 and increases to 45 wt.% at the bottom of 73001.
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Padina pavonica extract for efficient photocatalytic removal of methylene blue
Authors: Alprol Ahmed E. , Eleryan Ahmed , Abouelwafa Ahmed , Gad Ahmed M. , Hamad Tarek M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDye-laden wastewater poses a significant environmental and health threat. This study investigated the potential of green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), derived from Padina pavonica brown algae extract, for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye. The hypothesis was that utilizing algal extract for ZnO NP synthesis would enhance adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity for dye removal. The synthesized ZnO NPs, characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Zeta Potential, demonstrated high adsorption capacity (Qm = 192.308 mg g−1) and excellent removal efficiency (> 98%) for MB at low dye concentrations. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models best fit the experimental data, suggesting monolayer adsorption and chemisorption as the primary mechanisms. Notably, the green ZnO NPs exhibited greater photocatalytic activity under direct sunlight irradiation compared to other light sources. Additionally, these nanoparticles displayed antimicrobial properties against various bacteria, indicating potential for water disinfection. This research offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach for wastewater treatment utilizing green ZnO NPs for efficient dye removal and potential water disinfection applications.
An Efficient Synthesis of 3-Aryl-2H-chromene Derivatives as Potential Bone Anabolic Agents
Authors: Khanka Sonu , Rawat Kundan S. , Singh Divya , Goel Atul , Pandey Priyanka , Pal Shyamal , Vats Ravi P. , Rathur Rajat , Sharma Kriti , Dipali Divya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn a quest to identify new osteogenic agents, a new series of 3-aryl-2H-chromene derivatives were rationally designed based on natural isoflavonoids and synthesized through ring transformation of 2H-pyran-2-ones with 3-acetyl-2H-chromene derivatives. From primary screening, five compounds were found to be active in osteoblast differentiation. Among these, the most active compound, 3-(7-methoxy-2H-chromen-3-yl)-5-piperidin-1-ylbiphenyl-4-carbonitrile, showed significantly enhanced calcium nodule formation at 1 pM and 100 pM, and increased osteoblast cell viability. Western blotting experiments indicate that this chromene upregulated osteogenic marker genes such as RUNX2, BMP2, and Type 1 col at the transcriptional and translational levels at concentrations of 1 pM and 100 pM. Furthermore, it decreased osteoblast cell apoptosis at 1 pM and 100 pM, while increasing cell survival in serum-deprived conditions. All these results suggested that the compound has great potential as a bone anabolic agent to improve bone health.
Attachment-Retained versus Clasp-Retained Removable Partial Dentures: Effects of Retention on Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Dula Linda J. , Kelmendi Tringa Z. , Shala Kujtim , Staka Gloria , Pustina- Krasniqi Teuta , Kosumi Shera 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives To compare the retention and patient satisfaction of attachment-retained versus clasp-retained removable partial dentures (RPDs) over time and to evaluate the impact of retention force on patient satisfaction.
Materials and Methods This study included 107 patients with 130 RPDs at the University Dentistry Clinical Center, Prishtina, Kosovo. Patients were divided into two groups: clasp-retained RPDs (n = 79) and attachment-retained RPDs (n = 51). RPD retention forces were measured using a dynamometer, and satisfaction was evaluated using a questionnaire covering retention, stability, chewing ability, aesthetics, oral hygiene maintenance, speech, and pain/discomfort on a Likert scale from 1 (complete dissatisfaction) to 5 (complete satisfaction). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α. Descriptive statistics and the independent-samples Kruskal–Wallis test were used for analysis, with pairwise comparisons and Spearman's rho correlation for additional insights.
Results Attachment-retained RPDs demonstrated superior retention, with mean scores decreasing from 5.43 to 4.40 over 3 months, compared with clasp-retained RPDs, which decreased from 4.02 to 3.23. Satisfaction scores also favored attachment-retained RPDs, dropping from 4.96 to 3.96, while clasp-retained RPDs decreased from 4.05 to 3.44. Cronbach's α indicated high reliability (α = 0.952). The Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differences in retention and satisfaction between the two RPD types (p < 0.0001). Pairwise comparisons indicated significant declines over time for both types. Spearman's rho correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between retention force and satisfaction scores, with correlation coefficients of 0.574 for clasp-retained and 0.522 for attachment-retained RPDs (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion Attachment-retained RPDs offer higher and more stable retention and greater patient satisfaction compared with clasp-retained RPDs over the initial months of use. The significant positive correlation between retention force and patient satisfaction underscores the importance of optimizing retention in RPD design.
The Relationship of HbA1c Serum Levels with the Severity of Periodontal Disease in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Costa Rosana , Câmara Marco Infante da , Figueira Fernando , Pacheco José Júlio , Pereira Catarina , Gonçalves Maria , Relvas Marta 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective According to the evidence, the level of glycemic control is of key importance in determining the increased risk of periodontal disease (PD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of metabolic control as a key factor leading to the development and severity of periodontitis and compare the periodontal and oral hygiene status with the glycated hemoglobin levels.
Materials and Methods The evaluation was undertaken with diabetic patients (59 uncontrolled diabetics and 36 controlled diabetics) from a patient cohort of the Hospitalar Center of Tâmega e Sousa and subjects without diabetes (n = 95).
Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (Statistical Program for Social Sciences), version 29.0 for Windows. In the logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results Periodontal parameters were increased in systemically compromised individuals especially those who were poorly controlled as compared with their healthy counterparts, which are important indicators of PD progression. Furthermore, uncontrolled type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1DM) patients showed increased plaque index (PI), which predisposes these individuals to a greater degree of periodontal destruction and tooth loss. Using a binary logistic regression, we observe a significant relation of the risk of severe periodontitis in T1DM subjects with family history of T1DM (p = 0.019; OR: 3.36; 95% CI: 1.22–9.21), alcohol consumption (p = 0.02; OR: 3.78; 95% CI: 1.23–11.63), periodontal probing depth (PPD) (p < 0.001; OR: 3.64; 95% CI: 14.74–90.34), and clinical attachment loss (p = 0.033; OR: 4.71; 95% CI: 1.13–19.59).
Conclusion Increased glycated hemoglobin levels were positively related with periodontal status. Uncontrolled systemically compromised individuals showed an increased Plaque index (PI), which predisposes to greater periodontal inflammation and tooth loss. Increased clinical attachment level, Periodontal probing depth (PPD) and family history of T1DM, and alcohol consumption were identified as potential risk factors for severe periodontitis in subjects with T1DM.
Microstructure, thermal analysis and stress relaxation behavior of Sn-1.5Ag-0.5Cu alloys with multiple strengthening mechanisms
Authors: Eid Nora Ahmed , Alsnani Hind , El-Daly A A , Ibrahiem A.A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
High stress relaxation (SR) stability enables low-silver Sn-1.5Ag-0.5Cu (SAC155) to serve well as a Pb-free alloys for microelectronic industry. From the viewpoint of simultaneous regulation of microstructure and precipitates, micro-alloyed with In, Bi, and Te was proposed to improve the SR resistance and thermal behavior of SAC155 alloy in this work. The results suggest that SR can develop at low initial stress (σo) levels, even below the yield strength (YS) at 25 °C. A peak effect on SR limit and stability in Sn-1.5Ag-0.5Cu-3Bi-0.2Te (SAC-BiTe) and Sn-1.5Ag-0.5Cu-3Bi-2In (SAC-BiIn) solders was associated with formation of multiple coarsening-resistant strengthening phases: (i) Bi precipitated particles, (ii) Bi atoms in solid solution and (iii) SnTe, Ag2In, Ag3Sn, Cu6Sn5, and InSn4 phases. This interesting high SR resistance is attributed to the significant atomic size difference provided by In, Bi, Te, and Sn atoms, which resulted in larger misfit strain than for SAC155 solder. The inelastic deformation of SAC155, SAC-BiIn and SAC-BiTe alloys may be accurately described by the developed El-Daly empirical SR model, which is congruent with the Arrhenius power-law equation. By exploiting the cooperative strengthening phases of new alloys, microalloying significantly decreased the SAC155 pasty range (⁓4.4 °C), onset temperature (⁓5.9 °C), and melting temperature (⁓6.8 °C).&#xD;
Pendulum between two springs using Ms- DTM
Authors: Florea Olivia A , Shahroor Doaa , Wannan Rania , Asad Jihad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of a pendulum system suspended between two horizontal springs, focusing on its dynamic behavior and the application of advanced mathematical methods. The research begins by formulating the Lagrangian of the system, which serves as the foundation for deriving the equations of motion, offering a rigorous mathematical framework for understanding the system’s dynamics. The nonlinear equations of motion are then solved using the multi-step differential transformation method (Ms-DTM), whose accuracy and effectiveness are evaluated through comparison with the well-established Runge–Kutta method. This comparative analysis highlights the strengths and limitations of each numerical approach in managing the complexity of the system. The study also includes a series of simulated plots that depict the system’s behavior under various initial conditions and parameter settings. These visualizations provide valuable insights into the system’s dynamic responses, revealing phenomena such as chaotic motion and periodic oscillations. The results underscore the utility of sophisticated mathematical methods in addressing complex physical problems and enhancing our understanding of nonlinear dynamic systems.
The influence of selective laser melting (SLM) parameters on physical, and mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg cylindrical specimen
Authors: R Raj Mohan , S Navaneetha Krishnan , B Sakthivel , J Ramya , R Sindhumathi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
AlSi10Mg cylindrical specimens were fabricated using the Laser-based Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) process, focusing on optimizing scanning speed, hatch spacing, and layer height through the box-behnken design (BBD). The study aimed to minimize surface roughness and maximize relative density. The analysis involved ANOVA, regression analysis, and composite desirability, revealing that hatch spacing and layer height significantly influence relative density and surface roughness. Under optimized conditions (scanning speed: 500 mm s−1, hatch spacing: 100 microns, layer height: 30 microns), the L-PBF specimen achieved a 96.70% relative density, 2.07 microns surface roughness (Ra), and an average microhardness of 124.9 HV0.5 (longitudinal) and 120.5 HV0.5 (transverse).
Chemical reaction and inclined magnetic field effects on tri-hybrid Carreau nanofluid slip flow of blood past a porous inclined stenosed artery with viscous dissipation
Authors: Deshwal Jyoti , Chaudhary Santosh , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A steady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) slip flow of blood carrying tri-hybrid nanoparticles via a porous inclined stenosed artery has been considered. Non-Newtonian blood rheology has been incorporated using the Carreau fluid model. Darcy-Forchheimer model has been utilized to predict the fluid flow in the porous medium. An external inclined magnetic field has been applied. Consequences of viscous dissipation, Ohmic heating, and chemical reaction have been studied. Copper (Cu), iron oxide (Fe3O4), and silicon oxide (SiO2) have been considered as nanoparticles. Assumption of mild stenosis has been used to simplify the system of governing equations. Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) has been employed to find the series solution for axial velocity, temperature, and concentration. Total entropy generation has been calculated to scrutinize the irreversibility of the system. Proposal has been evaluated based on the axial velocity of flow, thermal, concentration, and entropy profiles of mono, hybrid, and tri-hybrid nanofluids concerning various controlling parameters. Blood flow patterns have been noted by plotting streamlines against various controlling parameters. It has been observed that axial velocity, concentration, and entropy profiles of tri-hybrid nanofluid subdue the other two whereas thermal profiles follow the opposite trend. Viscous dissipation improves the heat transfer by 17% and chemical reaction improves the mass distribution by 8%. Flow disturbance can be minimized by increasing the power-law index number and velocity slip parameter. Accuracy of the outcomes presented in this study has been compared with the previously published data. This rheological model is useful for targeted and controlled drug delivery.
Characteristics of Phase Transitions in Dry Aligning Active Matter
Authors: Yang Bing , Wang Yanting 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Active matter is a non-equilibrium condensed system consisting of self-propelled particles capable of converting stored or ambient energy into collective motion. Typical active matter systems include cytoskeleton biopolymers, swimming bacteria, artificial swimmers, and animal herds. In contrast to wet active matter, dry active matter is an active system characterized by the absence of significant hydrodynamic interactions and conserved momentum. In dry active matter, the role of surrounding fluids is providing viscous friction at low Reynolds numbers and can be neglected at high Reynolds numbers. This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent experimental, computational, and theoretical advances in understanding phase transitions and critical phenomena in dry aligning active matter, including polar particles, self-propelled rods, active nematics, and their chiral counterparts. Various ways of determining phase transition points as well as non-equilibrium phenomena, such as collective motion, cluster formation, and creation and annihilation of topological defects are reviewed.
The Influence of Conformity on the Evolution of Cooperation in Games with Sampling Rules on Networks
Authors: Wang Xianjia , He Qiaoyu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper studies the influence of conformity on the evolution of cooperative behavior in games under the learning method of sampling on networks. A strategy update rule based on sampling was introduced into the Stag Hunt game, where agents draw samples from their neighbors and then update their strategies based on conformity or inference according to the situation in the sample. Based on these assumptions, this paper presents the state transition equations in the dynamic evolution of population cooperation, conducts simulation analysis on lattice networks and scale-free networks, and discusses how this mechanism affects the evolution of cooperation and how cooperation evolves under different levels of conformity in the network. The simulation results of this paper show that blindly imitating the strategies of neighbors does not necessarily lead to rapid consensus in the population. Instead, rational inference through samples can better promote the evolution of the same strategy among all agents in the population. Moreover, the simulation results also show that a smaller sample size cannot reflect the true situation of the neighbors, which has a large randomness, and the size of the benefits obtained in cooperation determines the direction of the entire population towards cooperation or defection. This paper incorporates the conforming behavior of agents into the game, uses the method of sampling for strategy updates and enriches the theory of evolutionary games with a more realistic significance.
Observation of Josephson effect in a 23Na spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
Authors: Qin Yong , Wang Xin , Jian Jun , Liu Wenliang , Wu Jizhou , Li Yuqing , Ma Jie , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Josephson effect, an important quantum supercurrent phenomenon, has been extensively studied in superconductors and superfluids. In this paper, we investigate the rich physics of one-dimensional Josephson junctions in a red detuned optical lattice with sodium (Na) quantum gas. A one dimensional Josephson array is formed by setting up an optical lattice using a red detuned laser. By characterizing the dependence of Josephson oscillations of the lattice depth, we experimentally demonstrate the Josephson current. The lattice depth is controlled by altering the lattice power, and our observations are consistent with theoretical predictions. These findings offer valuable insights into quantum coherent transport and the intricate dynamics inherent to superfluidity.
Density Distribution of Ground State of One Dimensional Bose Gas with Dipole Interaction
Authors: Hao Shuchang , Hao Yajiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Using the Bose-Fermi mapping method, we obtain the exact ground state wavefunction of one-dimensional Bose gas with the zero-range dipolar interaction in the strongly repulsive contact interaction limit. Its ground state density distributions for both repulsive and attractive dipole interaction are exhibited. It is shown that in the case of the finite dipole interaction the density profile do not change obviously with the increase of dipole interaction and display the typical shell structure of Tonks-Girardeau gases. As the repulsive dipole interaction is greatly strong, the density decrease at the center of the trap and display a sunken valley. As the attractive dipole interaction increase, the density display more oscillations and sharp peaks appear in the strong attraction limit, which mainly origin from the atoms occupying the low single particle levels.
Abundant invariant solutions of (3+1)-dimensional combined pKP-BKP equation
Authors: Hu 胡 Hengchun 恒春 , Xu 徐 Xu 旭 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Lie symmetry analysis is applied to a (3+1)-dimensional combined potential Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation with B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation (pKP-BKP equation) and the corresponding similarity reduction equations are obtained with the different infinitesimal generators. Invariant solutions with arbitrary functions and constants for the (3+1)-dimensional pKP-BKP equation, including the lump solution, the periodic-lump solution, the two-kink solution, the breather solution and the lump–two-kink solution, have been studied analytically and graphically.