bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary carbohydrate and lipid levels on growth performance, hepatic histology and antioxidant capacity and flesh texture of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi)
Authors: Han Zhihao , Gong Ye , Zhang Nihe , Sun Zeqiang , Liu Shengchao , Huang Xuxiong , Chen Naisong , Li Songlin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this study, nine isonitrogenous experimental diets containing graded levels of carbohydrates (40 g/kg, 80 g/kg and 120 g/kg) and crude lipids (80 g/kg, 120 g/kg and 160 g/kg) were formulated in a two-factor (3 × 3) orthogonal design. A total of 945 mandarin fish with similar body weights were randomly assigned to twenty-seven tanks, and the experiment diets were fed to triplicate tanks twice daily for 10 weeks. Results showed that different dietary treatments did not significantly affect the survival rate and growth performance of mandarin fish. However, high dietary lipid and carbohydrate levels significantly decreased the protein content of the whole body and muscle of cultured fish. The lipid content of the whole body, liver and muscle all significantly increased with increasing levels of dietary lipid, while only liver lipid level was significantly affected by dietary carbohydrate level. Hepatic glycogen content increased significantly with increasing dietary carbohydrate levels. As to liver antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde content increased significantly with increasing dietary lipid or carbohydrate content, and catalase activity showed an opposite trend. Superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly with increasing levels of dietary lipid but decreased first and then increased with increasing dietary carbohydrate levels. Additionally, the increase in both dietary lipid and carbohydrate levels resulted in a significant reduction in muscle hardness. Muscle chewiness, gumminess and shear force were only affected by dietary lipid levels and decreased significantly with increasing dietary lipid levels. In conclusion, considering all the results, the appropriate dietary lipids and carbohydrate levels for mandarin fish were 120 g/kg and 80 g/kg, respectively.
Audio-visual entrainment, cranio-electro stimulation, and sensory involvement: rival effects on attention and L2 vocabulary retention
Authors: Pishghadam Reza , Boustani Nasim , Gerwien Johannes , Shayesteh Shaghayegh , Al Abdwani Taqi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIt is believed that the attentional engagement of language learners may reinforce deeper neuronal processing and promote later retrieval. To address language learners’ needs and facilitate language learning, we used audio-visual entertainment (AVE) and cranio-electro stimulation (CES), in addition to multisensory-based instruction, to modify attention and retention processes. Thus, we taught a set of words with the common procedure of audio-visual instruction to 32 English language learners in the control group, CES, and AVE sessions. However, they received five sensory involvements (i.e., auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory) for the target words in the multisensory session. Following each instruction, a pragmatic-Stroop task and a true/false test were conducted to examine the subjects’ attention and retention processes, respectively. Analyzing the response times acquired from the pragmatic-Stroop task, it was found that multisensory-based instruction led to quicker responses in comparison to the audio-visual method preceded by AVE and CES stimulations. The response accuracy results from the retention test also revealed that the subjects provided more accurate responses to the words taught during the multisensory session. The implication is that the enriched multisensory inputs can improve L2 learners’ mental agility and facilitate successful retention and retrieval of information after a short interval period.
Colonial Baggage: An Introduction
Authors: Greiner Andreas , Toivanen Mikko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This introduction revisits the relevant literature in the fields of tourism history, as well as in imperial/global history. Identifying shortcomings in these two research strands, the authors advocate bringing themes and approaches from both historiographical fields into dialogue. They outline the intersections between the development of modern tourism since the mid-nineteenth century and the global expansion of empires over the same time period and identify three important themes in the entangled history of tourism and imperialism: tourism's relationship with colonial infrastructure and development; the contested labour relations underpinning colonial tourism; and tourism as a site of encounters between colonisers and the colonised, as well as of touristic gazes and counter-gazes. Finally, the introduction also situates the individual contributions of the special issue within this broader historiographical framework and indicates how they can show the way towards a fuller understanding of the workings of modern empires and imperialism.
“An Easily and Cheaply Exploitable Asset”: Tourism as a Development Strategy in East Africa
Authors: Lerp Dörte 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tourism in Africa was entangled with colonialism from the start. However, after the Second World War it became an integral part of the colonising powers’ development agenda, albeit one that has received little scholarly attention so far. This presented African states with a serious dilemma when most of them gained independence during the 1960s. On the one hand, tourism promised to stimulate economic growth, provide much needed foreign currency, and create employment opportunities. On the other hand, international tourism had the potential to threaten the economic independence of post-colonial states and perpetuate colonial stereotypes, as well as international and local power imbalances and inequalities. The newly elected governments had to deal with this “colonial baggage.” This article focusses on the transition from colonial to post-colonial tourism in two East African countries, Kenya and Tanzania. I explore how the late colonial government pursued tourism as a development strategy for the region. I also demonstrate how Kenya and Tanzania approached tourism and its colonial legacies in different ways after independence. To trace their respective tourism histories, I draw on published reports and newspaper articles, historical research literature, in particular, from tourism scholars of various disciplines, as well as archival sources.
Seismic Reflection Imaging of Fluid‐Filled Sills in the West Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany
Authors: Eickhoff Dario , Ritter Joachim R. R. , Hloušek Felix , Buske Stefan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe applied state‐of‐the‐art seismic processing and imaging techniques to crustal‐scale seismic reflection data from the BELCORP/DEKORP87 lines 1A and 1B. The aim of the presented work was to identify structural evidence in the Earth's crust and upper mantle related to the ongoing magmatic activity in the Quaternary West Eifel Volcanic Field (WEVF) in Central Europe where ca. 70 eruptions happened since 65 ka. Following careful signal‐processing, Fresnel volume migration was applied and yielded images with exceptionally strong lithospheric reflectors in the SE of the WEVF. Sparse signal representation revealed numerous reversed polarities. Using petrophysical relations, the corresponding reflections can be interpreted as reflections from melt and/or volatile‐bearing (supercritical CO2) zones which appear as horizontally elongated lens‐shaped sills. Furthermore, we observed reflections with similarly inverted polarities from structural features located around the Moho at of 31 km depth, indicating fluids or melts from the uppermost mantle and supporting magmatic underplating models.
Crowdsourced Data Reveal Shortcomings in Precipitation Phase Products for Rain and Snow Partitioning
Authors: Yu Guo , Jennings Keith S. , Hatchett Benjamin J. , Nolin Anne W. , Hur Nayoung , Collins Meghan , Heggli Anne , Tonino Sonia , Arienzo Monica M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractReanalysis products support our understanding of how the precipitation phase influences hydrology across scales. However, a lack of validation data hinders the evaluation of a reanalysis‐estimated precipitation phase. In this study, we used a novel dataset from the Mountain Rain or Snow (MRoS) citizen science project to compare 39,680 MRoS observations from January 2020 to July 2023 across the conterminous United States (CONUS) to assess three precipitation phase products. These products included the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), the Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA‐2), and the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS‐2). The overall critical success indices for detecting rainfall (snowfall) for IMERG, MERRA‐2, and NLDAS‐2 were 0.51 (0.79), 0.49 (0.77), and 0.54 (0.53), respectively. These indices show that IMERG and MERRA‐2 reasonably classify snowfall, whereas NLDAS‐2 overestimates rainfall. All products performed poorly in detecting subfreezing rainfall and snowfall above 2°C. Therefore, crowdsourced data provides a unique validation source to improve the capabilities of reanalysis products.
Impacts of Climate Change on Arctic Winter Cyclones
Authors: Zhang Minghong , Perrie William , Long Zhenxia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe simulated Arctic climate using a high‐resolution implementation of WRF driven by HadGEM‐ES2 climate model outputs, following IPCC5 warming scenarios RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The downscaled results indicate that, by the end‐of‐century, there are no significant changes in the average minimum central pressures or total number of winter Arctic cyclones. However, there are significant changes in the spatial patterns. For example, the frequency and vorticity of cyclones tend to increase over the western Arctic. Due to the poleward movement of the polar frontal zone and the increased low‐level tropospheric baroclinicity, more cyclones are expected to form within the Arctic Basin and migrate into the western‐central Arctic. We expect about 39% more cyclone tracks forming and dying in the Arctic Basin under RCP8.5, compared to present climate. On the other hand, with the reduced baroclinicity in the entire troposphere, there is a reduced genesis, frequency, and vorticity of cyclones over the Atlantic Arctic. Moreover, the depth of cyclones shows a robust decrease over the Arctic Basin, suggesting weakened eddy kinetic energy. With increasing greenhouse gases, the changes in cyclone vorticities and their depths tend to be stronger. In addition, the high resolution Polar WRF results demonstrate that changes in cyclone track density and intensities consistently become more pronounced with increasing radiative forcing.
Trends in Oceanic Precipitation Characteristics Inferred From Shipboard Present‐Weather Reports, 1950–2019
Authors: Tran Harrison , Petty Grant W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractShipboard present‐weather reports from 1950 to 2019 are aggregated and composited yearly and seasonally on a grid to characterize the global climatology and apparent long‐term trends in the relative frequency of four categories of oceanic precipitation: drizzle, moderate, and heavy non‐drizzle, precipitation associated with thunderstorms and deep convection, and frozen‐phase precipitation. Although ship reports are susceptible to subjective interpretation, the inferred distributions of these phenomena are consistent with observations from other platforms such as satellites and coastal surface stations. These distributions highlight widespread 70‐year trends that are often consistent across both annual and seasonal frequencies, with statistical significance at 95% confidence. The relative frequency of ship‐reported drizzle has largely increased in the tropics annually and seasonally, with linear best‐fit relative increases by as much as 15% per decade. Decreased relative frequencies have been observed in parts of the subtropics and at higher latitudes. Heavier precipitation has encompassed a growing fraction of non‐drizzle precipitation reports over the subtropical North Pacific and Mediterranean. The relative frequency of thunderstorm reports has declined over the open Atlantic but show positive trends over the Mediterranean and the western Atlantic. The trends in relative frozen precipitation occurrence suggest a poleward retreat of areas receiving frozen precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere. Possible mechanisms for these ship‐observed trends are discussed and placed in the context of the modeled effects of climate change on global precipitation.
The Geomagnetic Storm Time Responses of the TEC, foF2, and hmF2 in Different Solar Activity During Solar Cycle 24 and 25
Authors: Tariku Yekoye Asmare 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper mainly examines the response of variation of the TEC, foF2, and hmF2 obtained from observations (GPS and digisondes) and models (IRI 2016 and IRI‐Plas 2017) across low‐to‐high latitudes during various geomagnetic storm time conditions in different solar activity years. The 19 February 2014, 17 March 2015, and 4 November 2021 geomagnetic storm cases caused positive storm effects (particularly at low latitudes), while the 8 September 2017, and 26 August 2018 geomagnetic storm cases resulted in negative storm effects, especially at mid and high latitudes. Furthermore, during the 19 February 2014 storm, the sharp increase (peak) diurnal digisondes TEC values are observed, on average, when the hmF2 values reach about 360, 282, and 312 km, in the low, mid and high latitudes, respectively. During the 26 August 2018 storm, the peak TEC values are observed, on average, when the hmF2 values reach about 313, 258, and 268 km in the low, mid and high latitudes, respectively. Hence, the digisonde‐derived peak TEC in mid latitudes typically coincides with a decrease in hmF2, while in low latitudes, it is associated with an increase in hmF2. Additionally, during low solar activity periods, digisonde‐derived peak TEC values were observed when hmF2 decreased, contrasting with patterns seen during high solar activity. Both the IRI 2016 and IRI‐Plas 2017 models performed well, with the models peak TEC values being observed when the hmF2 variations attain similar values with the observations, reinforcing the models' reliability in capturing ionospheric responses during geomagnetic storms.
The molecular mechanisms of cardiac development and related diseases
Authors: Li Yingrui , Du Jianlin , Deng Songbai , Liu Bin , Jing Xiaodong , Yan Yuling , Liu Yajie , Wang Jing , Zhou Xiaobo , She Qiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCardiac development is a complex and intricate process involving numerous molecular signals and pathways. Researchers have explored cardiac development through a long journey, starting with early studies observing morphological changes and progressing to the exploration of molecular mechanisms using various molecular biology methods. Currently, advancements in stem cell technology and sequencing technology, such as the generation of human pluripotent stem cells and cardiac organoids, multi-omics sequencing, and artificial intelligence (AI) technology, have enabled researchers to understand the molecular mechanisms of cardiac development better. Many molecular signals regulate cardiac development, including various growth and transcription factors and signaling pathways, such as WNT signaling, retinoic acid signaling, and Notch signaling pathways. In addition, cilia, the extracellular matrix, epigenetic modifications, and hypoxia conditions also play important roles in cardiac development. These factors play crucial roles at one or even multiple stages of cardiac development. Recent studies have also identified roles for autophagy, metabolic transition, and macrophages in cardiac development. Deficiencies or abnormal expression of these factors can lead to various types of cardiac development abnormalities. Nowadays, congenital heart disease (CHD) management requires lifelong care, primarily involving surgical and pharmacological treatments. Advances in surgical techniques and the development of clinical genetic testing have enabled earlier diagnosis and treatment of CHD. However, these technologies still have significant limitations. The development of new technologies, such as sequencing and AI technologies, will help us better understand the molecular mechanisms of cardiac development and promote earlier prevention and treatment of CHD in the future.
The oncogenic potential of salivary microRNA-93 and microRNA-412-3p in oral lichen planus: a case-control study
Authors: ELHefny Moataz M. , Korien Inas A. , Rashwan Weam AM , Shaker Olfat G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Oral Lichen Planus is one of the most popular chronic mucocutaneous diseases. It is classified as potentially malignant lesions. Many microRNAs can be used as biological markers for the disease and for its malignant transformation. The aim of the study to measure the expression of microRNA-93 and microRNA-412-3p in Oral Lichen Planus patients, patients diagnosed as Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and healthy controls.

Methodology
A total of 60 patients were divided into 3 groups; each group contains 20 patients. Group I for Oral Lichen Planus patients, group II for healthy controls and group III for Oral Squamous cell carcinoma patients. All of these patients were chosen from those attending Kasr Al-Einy hospital, Cairo University. After full diagnosis and matching of our eligibility criteria, saliva sample was taken from each patient to measure the concentration of microRNA-93 and microRNA-412-3p.

Results
Both microRNA-93 and miceoRNA-412-3p were upregulated in Oral Squamous cell carcinoma patients than Oral Lichen patients than controls and both of them had great sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy for both Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusion
MicroRNA-93 and micriRNA-412-3p can be used as diagnostic markers and for the oncogenic potential of Oral Lichen Planus.
An efficient multi-gram access in a two-step synthesis to soluble, nine-atomic, silylated silicon clusters
Authors: Frankiewicz Kevin M. , Willeit Nicole S. , Hlukhyy Viktor , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSilicon is by far the most important semiconducting material. However, solution-based synthetic approaches for unsaturated silicon-rich molecules require less efficient multi-step syntheses. We report on a straightforward access to soluble, polyhedral Si9 clusters from the binary phase K12Si17, which contains both [Si4]4− and [Si9]4− clusters. [Si4]4− ions, characterised by a high charge per atom ratio, behave as strong reducing agents, preventing [Si9]4− from directed reactions. By the here reported separation of [Si4]4− by means of fractional crystallisation, Si9 clusters of the precursor phase K12Si17 are isolated as monoprotonated [Si9H]3− ions on a multi-gram scale and further crystallised as their 2.2.2-Cryptate salt. 20 grams of the product can be obtained through this two-step procedure - a new starting point for silicon Zintl chemistry, such as the isolation and structural characterisation of a trisilylated [MeHyp3Si9]− cluster.
A dataset exploring urban comfort through novel wearables and environmental surveys
Authors: Chwalek Patrick , Zhong Sailin , Perry Nathan , Liu Tianqi , Miller Clayton , Alavi Hamed Seiied , Lalanne Denis , Paradiso Joseph A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive dataset capturing indoor environmental parameters, physiological responses, and subjective perceptions across three global cities. Utilizing wearable sensors, including smart eyeglasses, and a modified Cozie app, environmental and physiological data were collected, along with pre-screening, onboarding, and recurring surveys. Peripheral cues facilitated participant engagement with micro-EMA surveys, minimizing disruption over a 5-day collection period. The dataset offers insights into urban comfort dynamics, highlighting the interplay between environmental conditions, physiological responses, and subjective perceptions. Researchers can utilize this dataset to deepen their understanding of indoor environmental quality and inform the design of healthier built environments. Access to this dataset can advance indoor environmental research and contribute to the creation of more comfortable and sustainable indoor spaces.
Increasing incidence of normal pressure hydrocephalus in Germany: an analysis of the Federal Statistical Office Database from 2005 to 2022
Authors: Thavarajasingam Santhosh G. , Salih Ahmed , Namireddy Srikar R. , Ringel Florian , Kramer Andreas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNormal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a reversible cause of gait disturbances and dementia in the elderly, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In Germany, the epidemiology and surgical management of NPH are not well understood. This study aimed to characterise epidemiological trends and evaluate surgical management strategies for NPH in Germany. A retrospective nationwide population-based study of NPH cases in Germany from 2005 to 2022 was conducted using data from the German Federal Statistical Office. Parameters assessed included incidence trends, demographic characteristics, and surgical interventions. A total of 118,526 NPH diagnoses were recorded, with 29,662 surgical interventions. The population-adjusted incidence of NPH increased by 48%, from 5.4 to 8.0 cases per 100,000 individuals (p < 0.001), peaking in 2018. The largest increases were seen in the “80–89” age group, followed by the “70–79” and “90+” age groups. Surgical interventions increased by 8.4% (p < 0.001), with ventriculoperitoneal shunt being the predominant procedure. The study highlights a 48% rise in NPH incidence in Germany from 2005 to 2022, particularly affecting the elderly. There was also an increase in surgical interventions, underscoring the need for prioritising NPH in national healthcare research agendas.