bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of middle school seventh- and eighth-grade students’ modelling skills
Authors: Ozulu Yunus Emre 
Published: July 2021

This study seeks to examine the mathematical modelling skills of middle school seventh- and eighth-grade students. Participants were formed by eight secondary school students studying at a state secondary school in a medium-sized district of a medium-sized province in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey in the 2020–2021 academic year. It is a qualitative research and is designed as a case study. The whole process was recorded by video by having the students work on the mathematical modelling activity named ‘Team Fiction’ prepared by the researcher. In the collection of data, the group work form and report form prepared by the researcher, along with student solution papers and researcher’s observation notes were used. All the data obtained were subjected to descriptive analysis and the following results were obtained: it is thought that regular modelling studies in schools will contribute to the development and change of modelling competencies of students.

Keywords: Mathematical modelling, modelling skills, modelling activities, school students, middle school.
An empirical research on the adequacy of task-induced involvement load hypothesis: A case for intentional vocabulary learning
Authors: Jahangard Ali 
Published: July 2021

The present study aimed at examining the adequacy of the task-induced involvement load hypothesis in intentional learning. An investigation was carried out to find out whether proficiency level of learners had a role in the effectiveness of the vocabulary tasks with different involvement loads. One hundred and thirty-six university students were randomly assigned into four task groups, each of which included upper and lower intermediate learners. Reading comprehension and discussion, reading comprehension and gap filling, reading comprehension plus sentence-making and reading comprehension plus translation with different involvement loads were compared against each other in terms of the immediate and delayed retention of new words. The study partially supported the involvement load hypothesis in that the task with the highest involvement loads resulted in better immediate and delayed retention of new words. The results of the experiment also showed that tasks with similar involvement loads might not result in similar amounts of vocabulary learning.

Keywords: Task-induced involvement, load hypothesis, vocabulary learning, word retention, task.
PERBANDINGAN TINGKAT EFISIENSI PERUSAHAAN REASURANSI SYARIAH DI INDONESIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DEA
Authors: Ghoni Abdul , Efendi Ramdan 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat efisiensi antara perusahaan reasuransi syariah di Indonesia, baik yang berbentuk Unit Usaha Syariah (UUS) maupun yang berbentuk full pledged dengan menggunakan metode Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Penelitian ini menggunakan data perusahaan reasuransi syariah tahun 2018 dan tahuhn 2019 dengan data input adalah asset dan beban umum, sedangkan data output adalah laba dan pendapatan usaha. Dari hasil olah data menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan reasuransi syariah baik yang berbentuk unit usaha maupun yang full pledged tingkat efisiensinya terhadap laba dan pendapatan tidak dapat dibandingkan.Kata Kunci: Efisiensi, Reasuransi Syariah, DEA. ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the level of efficiency between Sharia reinsurance companies in Indonesia, both in the form of a Sharia Business Unit (UUS) or in the form of a full pledged using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. This study uses data from Sharia reinsurance companies in 2018 and 2019 with the input data being assets and general expenses, while the output data are profits and operating income. The results of data processing show that sharia reinsurance companies, both in the form of business units and full pledged ones, are not comparable in terms of efficiency of profit and income.Keywords: eficiency, Reinsurance Sharia, DEA.
Product design Lifecycle information model (PDLIM)
Authors: Niu Xiaojing , Wang Meili , Qin Shengfeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the era of Industry 4.0, in response to rapidly changing market and customer needs, product design and development (PDD) is evolving into a human-centred and data-driven design paradigm. The design environment gets more open often involving crowdsourcing and the design process becomes more complex, considering product family design along product whole lifecycle development, and needing more data support. Therefore, it is critical to effectively capture, share, and manage design-related information in such a complex design environment. From this perspective, it is a prerequisite to have a proper product design lifecycle information model (PDLIM) to guide information gathering, sharing and managing. To the best of our knowledge, currently, there lacks such a PDLIM to support effective product design and development (PDD), though digital twin (DT) technology shows a great potential of supporting product lifecycle information collection and management. In this paper, the overall structure of the proposed PDLIM is firstly developed to frame in all main product lifecycle stages and the corresponding key phases for structurally capturing and storing necessary data along a product lifecycle. Secondly, key design information items against the main product lifecycle stages and their corresponding key phases are explored from literature reviews and case study analyses. Thirdly, the necessity of the identified information items in the PDLIM is qualitatively evaluated by two case studies. Finally, the PDLIM is further evaluated by applying formal object-role modelling (ORM) to demonstrate how design information items are used and interacted in exemplary design interaction scenarios, and to approve that it can be formally described and managed as an information model. The evaluation results show that the PDLIM is feasible to be adapted in a crowdsourcing-combined PDD process for supporting design management, reviewing, quality control, and next round product redesign and improvement.
Neurotrauma in the Syrian War: Analysis of 41,143 cases from July 2013-July 2015
Authors: Fatima Nida , Mowafi Hani , Hariri Mahmoud , Alnahhas Houssam , Al-Kassem Anas , Saqqur Maher 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction

Despite nearly a decade of conflict, little is known about trauma and injuries resulting from the Syrian war.

Methods

Secondary analysis was conducted of an administrative dataset of patient presentations to a network of 95 war-affected hospitals in Syria from July 2013 - July 2015. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with mortality of neurotrauma patients.

Results

Of 193,618 overall trauma presentations, 41,143 were for neurotrauma (37,410 head trauma, 1,407 spinal trauma and 3,133 peripheral nervous system). There were 31,359 males (76.2%) and 9,784 females (23.8%). Males aged 19-30 years (10,113; 24.6%) were the largest single demographic group. Presumed non-combatants including females, elders and children under 13 years (16,214; 39.4%) were the largest group of patients overall. There were 16,881 (41.0%) presentations with blunt injuries (blunt/crush injuries) and 21,307 (51.8%) patients with penetrating injuries (shrapnel, cut, gunshot). A total of 36,589 patients (89.6%) were treated and discharged from the hospital, 2,100 (5.1%) were transferred to another facility, 2,050 patients (5.0%) died in-hospital, 26 remained in the hospital (0.1%), 108 (0.3%) had unknown disposition. The median length of hospital stay was 1 day. There were 4,034 (9.7%) neurosurgical procedures documented. Patients with combined neurotrauma and general trauma suffered 30 times higher mortality than neurotrauma alone (aOR: 30.4; 95%CI: 20.8-44.2, p<0.0001).

Conclusion

The Syrian War resulted in large volumes of neurotrauma patients. Presumed non-combatants comprised 39.4% of patients who survived to treatment at a facility. Further study is needed on long-term needs of neurotrauma victims of the Syrian war.
Music Emotion Recognition
Authors: kambaiahgari tejaswini , K Uma Rao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the present world, there are many songs over the internet. But the information retrieval on these songs can be complicated. This paper intends to classify songs based on emotions using deep learning. We propose a strategy to recognize the emotion present in a song by classifying their spectrograms, which contains both time and frequency information. According to human psychology, neurons within a sub pop- ulation of our brain did not react the same way for all the emotions.So only specific neurons need to be triggered for identifying an emotion. Dif- ferent deep learning and machine learning algorithms are implemented to build music emotion recognizer. The main objective of this study is to study about the features which are important for audio file ,to de- velop a music emotion classifier using deep learning algorithm and also to validate the model.The datasets are split into training and testing sets, models are trained with training data set. The accuracy of Artifi- cial Neural Network (ANN) model is 79.7% ,K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) model is 78.26% and logistic regression for gender classification is 81%.
Highly Efficient Debromination of 4,4ʹ-dibrominated Diphenyl Ether by Organic-palygorskite Supported Pd/Fe Nanoparticles
Authors: Shao Jiang , Zhang Yi , Liu Zongtang , Fei Zhenghao , Sun Yufeng , Chen Ziyan , Wen Xiaoju , Shi Weizhong , Wang Dandan , Gu Chenggang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Organic-palygorskite (OP) supported Pd/Fe nanoparticles composite (OP-Pd/Fe) was prepared by stepwise reduction method. The removal capacity of 4,4ʹ-dibrominated diphenyl ether (BDE15) by OP-Pd/Fe was compared with other various materials. For better understanding the possible mechanism, the synthesized and reacted OP-Pd/Fe materials were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, and XPS, respectively. The effects of major influencing parameters on the degradation of BDE15 were also studied. Benefit from the synergistic effect of the carrier and bimetallic nanoparticles, BDE15 could be completely debrominated into diphenyl ether (DE) under suitable conditions. A two-stage adsorption/debromination removal mechanism was proposed. The degradation of BDE15 with OP-Pd/Fe was mainly stepwise debromination reaction, and hydrogen transfer mode was assumed as the dominated debromination mechanism. The removal process fitted well to the pseudo first-order kinetic equation. The observed rate constants increased with increasing Pd loading and OP-Pd/Fe dosage, while decreased with increasing initial BDE15 concentration, the tetrahydrofuran/water ratio, and the initial pH of the solution. The work provides a new approach for the treatment of PBDEs pollution.
Monitoring the tissue perfusion during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation: Tissue-to-arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure gradient in a pig model
Authors: Endo Yusuke , Hirokawa Taku , Miyasho Taku , Takegawa Ryosuke , Shinozaki Koichiro , Rolston Daniel M , Becker Lance B. , Hayashida Kei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Transcutaneous CO2 (tcPCO2) and arterial CO2 (artPCO2) decoupling occurs during shock states. Our study aimed to test the hypothesis that the gradient between tcPCO2 and artPCO2 (tc-artPCO2) can detect inadequate tissue perfusion during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. Methods: This prospective animal study was performed by a qualified and experienced research team using female pigs (LWD, weighing 29–34 kg) at university-based experimental laboratory. Progressive massive hemorrhagic shock was induced in mechanically-ventilated pigs by stepwise blood withdrawal. Next, all the animals were then resuscitated by transfusing the stored blood in stages. A transcutaneous monitor was attached to the animals’ ear to measure the tcPCO2 and transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcPO2). The pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) and pulse index continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) were used to monitor several hemodynamic parameters. Results: Hemorrhage and blood transfusion precisely impacted hemodynamic and laboratory data, such as cardiac output (CO), stroke volume, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, global end-diastolic volume, hemoglobin, and arterial lactate. The tc-artPCO2 level markedly increased as CO decreased. In the analyses of the 42 paired measurements, there were significant correlations of tc-artPCO2 with systemic oxygen delivery (DO2) and CO (DO2: r = -0.83, CO by PAC: r = -0.79; CO by PiCCO: r = -0.74; all P < 0.0001) levels. The critical level of oxygen delivery (DO2crit) was 11.72 mL/kg/min according to tcPO2 (at a threshold of 30 mmHg). The receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed that the area under the curves (AUCs) that predicted DO2crit for tc-artPCO2, shock index (SI), and lactate were 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.87-1.00); 0.78 (0.63-0.93); and 0.65 (0.47-0.82), respectively. The AUC for tc-artPCO2 was greater in predicting DO2crit than that for SI.Conclusions: tc-artPCO2 was strongly correlated with DO2 during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. This less-invasive tc-artPCO2 monitoring can sensitively detect inadequate systemic O2 supply during hemorrhagic shock. Further evaluations are required in different forms of shock in other large animal models and in humans to assess its usefulness, safety, and ability to predict outcomes in critical illnesses.
Validation of the Norwegian Versions of the Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) in a Mental Health Care Setting
Authors: Braathu Nora , Laukvik Erlend Høen , Egeland Karina M. , Skar Ane-Marthe Solheim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) is of crucial importance in health care institutions and requires effective management from the leaders. However, there is a lack of sufficient assessment tools to evaluate the degree to which the employees´ rate how well their leaders are at implementing EBPs. This emphasizes the need for a validated and widely used implementation scale for EBPs. Methods: The current study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and the Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS) in a Norwegian mental health care setting. Results: Results from confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the MLQ and ILS were valid instruments for measuring general and implementation leadership. The scales demonstrated good convergent validity. In addition, attitudes towards EBPs did not seem to be associated with the ILS and the MLQ, further supporting the applicability of the instruments. Conclusions: The two scales demonstrate good psychometric properties in a Norwegian mental health care setting, which suggests that the MLQ and ILS are valid and reliable tools for measuring leadership in an implementation setting. More research is highly needed to disentangle the link between perceived leadership and objective measures of successful implementation of EBPs. Trial registration: NSD 690133, NSD 60059/3/OOS
Effect of The Body Water and The Body Composition, Calculated by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, On Contrast-Enhanced Dynamic Computed Tomography Images of The Liver.
Authors: Masuda Takanori , Nakaura Takeshi , Funama Yoshinori , Sato Tomoyasu , Arataki Keiko , Oku Takayuki , Masuda Shouko , Arao Shinichi , Hiratsuka Jyunichi , Awai Kazuo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To improve its diagnosis on contrast-enhanced dynamic CT (CE-DCT) scans, contrast injection protocol must yield stable arterial contrast enhancement. To investigate how the body-water distribution and the body composition, calculated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), affect aortic and hepatic enhancement on CE-DCT scans. 236 patients with liver cirrhosis underwent CE-DCT before BIA. The CT number (in Hounsfield units, HU) of the abdominal aorta at the celiac artery level on unenhanced scans and during the hepatic arterial phase (HAP) scans was recorded. And, the mean CT number of the hepatic parenchyma of both hepatic lobes at the celiac artery level on unenhanced and portal venous phase (PVP) scans was recorded. We calculated changes in the iodine dose per contrast enhancement (mgI/HU) (IDCE) to evaluate the effect of the patient age and of various constituents of the body composition by performing BIA. The IDCE of the abdominal aorta during HAP was 121.5 ± 32.1 mgI/HU; it was 698.7 ± 211.1 mgI/HU in the hepatic parenchyma during the PVP. Among the parameters used in our BIA, the total body weight (TBW) was the most important factor affecting the IDCE of the liver abdominal aorta on CE-DCT scans acquired during the HAP (r = 0.83). The TBW and the skeletal muscle index most strongly affected the IDCE of the hepatic parenchyma on CE-DCT scans obtained during the PVP (r = 0.69). The TBW had the strongest effect on contrast enhancement. The skeletal muscle index exhibited the strongest correlation with hepatic parenchymal contrast enhancement during the PVP.
Factors Affecting the Evolution of Chinese Elderly Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Cui Longyan , Ding ding , Chen Junfeng , Wang Minghui , He Fanrong , Yu Shiyang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: In the past decades, China's rapid economic growth has been accompanied by rapid changes in lifestyle and an increasing prevalence of mental disorders. This study explored the changes and factors associated with depression among the elderly population of China from 2011-2018.Method: Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The total sample size consists of 21,034 individuals aged ≥ 60 years, and the sample sizes in 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018 were 5081, 4853, 5027, 6343, respectively. Depressive symptoms were measured by the 10-item Short-Form developed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression.Result: We found that the tendency in depression rate of the Chinese elderly from 2011 (36.8%) to 2018 (44.5%). The results showed poor health (OR=3.553), respondents in 2018 (OR=2.213), ADL damage (OR=2.010), multiple chronic diseases (OR=1.287), and western (OR=1.777) are risk factors for depression.Conclusion: The rate of depression of the elderly people in China has risen dramatically. Therefore, additional steps to prevent, treat and care for the affected population are needed, Mental health prevention and treatment strategies should be incorporated into China’s public health policies in a timely manner to mitigate the serious economic burden caused by the increase of depression.
Identification of the first COVID-19 infections in the US using a retrospective analysis
Authors: García-García David , Morales Enrique , Fuente-Nunez Cesar de la , Vigo Isabel , Fonfría Eva S. , Bordehore Cesar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Accurate detection of early COVID-19 cases is crucial to drastically reduce infection, hospitalization, and death rates. However, it remains a challenge and methods for identifying initial COVID-19 cases are urgently needed. Here, we used the results from a seroprevalence study in 50 US states to apply our Retrospective Methodology to Estimate Daily Infections from Deaths (REMEDID) with the aim of analyzing the initial stages and spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections across the United States (US). Our retrospective data analysis revealed that the virus likely entered the country through California on December 28, 2019, which corresponds to 16 days before the officially recognized entry date established by the CDC. Thus, REMEDID provides evidence that SARS-CoV-2 entered the U.S. earlier than previously reflected in official data. Collectively, our mathematical modeling more accurately estimates the initial COVID-19 cases in the US, may be extrapolated to other countries, and may be used to retrospectively track the progress of the pandemic. Approaches such as REMEDID may enable health authorities to accelerate preventative measures aimed at controlling pandemics within weeks of their onset.
Intercropping Sedum Alfredii and Cicer Arietinum L. Does Not Present a Suitable Land Use Pattern For Multi-Metal-Polluted Soil
Authors: Niu Hong , Jia Yifan , Sun Jie , Yang Pan , Cao Min , luo jie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background and aims Intercropping of hyperaccumulators with commercial crops is widely accepted in single-metal-polluted farmland. However, the ecological risks of non-hyperaccumulated metals in intercropping systems have not been revealed. Methods To evaluate Pb and Cu activation and absorption in an intercropped system of Sedum alfredii and Cicer arietinum L., sequential extraction and dissolved organic matter (DOM) characterization were used to describe the migration of metals in the intercropping system. Results This study found that the concentrations of DOM in the S. alfredii monoculture and intercropping system were significantly higher than those in the C. arietinum L. monoculture, and DOM from the former two cultivation strategies had significantly higher Cd, Pb, and Cu extraction capacity than those from the latter. Compared with the C. arietinum L. monoculture, C. arietinum L. intercropping had significantly lower Cd content owing to the depletion of Cd by S. alfredii. However, Cu and Pb concentrations in the former were significantly higher than those in the latter because S. alfredii mobilized these metals but did not hyperaccumulate them. Conclusion The results indicated that intercropping efficiently decreased the potential risk of Cd, but deteriorated the ecological risk of Pb and Cu. Therefore, intercropping does not present a suitable land-use pattern for multi-metal-polluted soil.
How to Motivate Individuals to Take Responsible Ocean Action: the Mediate Effect of Attitude Towards the Ocean
Authors: Liu Guang-Ying , Lin Yi-Chen , Yeh Ting-Kuang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
When considering how to improve public literacy and behavior related to specific themes, top priority is usually given to strategies to enhance knowledge and understanding. However, recent evidence has shown that attitude could be an important factor in the development of behavior. The aim of this study is to explore the relationships among ocean knowledge, attitude towards the ocean, and intention to take responsible behavior in the marine setting. After recruiting a total of 266 volunteers, participants’ ocean knowledge, their attitudes towards the ocean, and their intention to behave responsibly were evaluated using questionnaires. The results indicate that attitude may be more important than knowledge in terms of the effect on intention, and a person’s attitude towards the ocean may indeed be the full mediator between ocean knowledge and their intention to show responsible marine behavior. Based on these results, the development of marine policy and public education should consider the importance of attitude in achieving the primary aim, of ensuring that people engage in responsible ocean behavior. At the same time, it is noted that appropriate knowledge provides people with insights that may determine the correctness of their behavior.