bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Septoria convolvuli
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Septoria convolvuli
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot. HOSTS:
Calystegia divaricata, C. hederacea, C. inflata
(syn. :
Convolvulus sepium, Calystegia sepium), C. pseudocanthabrica, C. rosae, C. silvatica, C. soldanella, Convolvulus arvensis, C. calvertii, C. persicus, Ipomoea tricolor, Ipomoea
sp. (Convolvulaceae). [Type host -
Convolvulus arvensis
.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Republic of Georgia, India (Tamil Nadu), Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Korea, Russia (East Siberia, Far East), Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, UK, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. North America: Canada, USA. South America: Argentina. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersed conidia from infected plant débris.
Septoria lepidii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Septoria lepidii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf mortality. Clearly-defined leaf spots are not produced. Instead the whole leaf becomes discolored, turning pale brown or fawn, with the discoloration spreading from infection sites. Conidiomata are then produced as the whole leaf dies. HOSTS:
Cardaria draba, C. propinqua, C. pubescens, C. repens
(syn. :
Lepidium repens
),
Lepidium affine, L. campestre, L. heterophyllum, L. latifolium, L. officinale, L. perfoliatum, L. sativum, L. sibiricum, L. smithii, L. vesicatorium
(Brassicaceae). [Type host -
L. heterophyllum
.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Russia (West Siberia), Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Hungary, Moldova, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, UK, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersed conidia, also from infected plant débris.
Septoria paeoniae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Septoria paeoniae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf blotch (ANON., 1984); foliar disorders; reduction of vitality. HOSTS:
Paeonia broteri, P. daurica, P. herbacea, P. officinalis, P. peregrina, P. sinensis
(Paeoniaceae). [Type host -
P. sinensis
.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia. Europe: Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, UK, Ukraine. North America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersed conidia, also from infected plant débris.
Aspergillus niger
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Aspergillus niger
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Commonly isolated from soils, plant litter, rhizospheres, seeds, dried and ripe fruits, nuts, spices, onions, garlic, tomatoes and other vegetables, cocoa beans and dried fish (DOMSCH
et al.
, 1980; PITT & HOCKING, 1997). Also known from other substrata: leather, radio equipment, paint and diesel fuel (CABI BIOSCIENCE, 1999). DISEASE: On man it has been isolated from eyes (YEHIA
et al.
, 1990), ears (ZAROR
et al.
, 1989), lungs (HALL
et al.
, 1990) and heart (VIVAS, 1998), from immuno-suppressed (BROCHERIOU
et al
, 1990) and AIDS patients (SINGH
et al.
, 1991). On other vertebrates it has been isolated from the nasal cavity of a dog (SMITH, 1989). On plants it causes black mould disease of onion bulbs and garlic (TANAKA, 1991), serious losses in post-harvest decay of tomatoes and other fresh fruits and kernel rot of cashews (PITT & HOCKING, 1997). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide, but with a preference for tropical and subtropical climates.
Aspergillus ustus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Aspergillus ustus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Found in all soil types (DOMSCH
et al.
, 1980), but also isolated from radio equipment, polyurethane foam, flannel bag, sugar and fermented cocoa (CABI BIOSCIENCE, 1999). DISEASE: On man it has been implicated in a case of primary cutaneous infection following a liver transplant (STILLER
et al.
, 1994), isolated from invasive aspergillosis (VERWEU
et al.
, 1999) and disseminated aspergillosis (IWEN
et al.
, 1998). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide, but with preference for tropical and subtropical regions.
Paecilomyces lilacinus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Paecilomyces lilacinus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Mainly a soil species, but also isolated from insects in tropical regions (DOMSCH
et al.
, 1980). DISEASE: On man
P. lilacinus
has been implicated in cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis in an immuno-compromised patient (GUTIÉRREZ-RODERO
et al.
, 1999), in osteomyelitis in a bone marrow transplant (GOMPF, 1999), in a post-operative heart transplant (CLARK, 1999), a lung abscess (ONO
et al.
, 1999), onychomycosis (FLETCHER
et al.
, 1998), endophthalmitis and keratitis (OKHRAVI, 1997) (i.e. mycoses). On other vertebrates it has been implicated in pulmonary diseases in green sea turtle, oral and gastric mucosae of albadra tortoise, and systemic in an armadillo (SMITH, 1989). It is also a pathogen of numerous insects, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions (SAMSON, 1974). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide.
Cercospora partheniiphila
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cercospora partheniiphila
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot of parthenium. HOSTS:
Parthenium hysterophorus, P. integrifolium (Compositae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: USA (Wisconsin). CENTRAL AMERICA: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Mexico. ASIA: India. TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia.
Cercospora zeae-maydis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cercospora zeae-maydis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Grey leaf spot of maize. HOSTS:
Zea mays (Gramineae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Cameroon, Ethiopia (WEGARY
et al.
, 1999), Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe. NORTH AMERICA: USA (Colorado, Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, Nebraska, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Wisconsin, West Virginia). CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica, Mexico, Trinidad & Tobago. SOUTH AMERICA: Brazil (São Paulo), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela. ASIA: China (Jilin). TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia and infection from debris of the previous year's maize crop.
Pseudocercosporella bakeri
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudocercosporella bakeri
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot of
Ipomoea
. HOSTS:
Ipomoea aquatica
(
Convolvulaceae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Sudan. ASIA: China (Hong Kong), Malaysia (Sarawak, Sabah), Taiwan. TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia.
Aulacostroma palawanense
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Inácio C. A. , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Aulacostroma palawanense
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although this fungus occurs on living leaves, it does not produce symptoms of any disease in the host. HOSTS:
Pandanus gracilis, P. luzonensis, P. merrillii, P. odoratissimus, P. tectorius, P. utilis, Pandanus
sp. (
Pandanaceae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: Philippines. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne ascospores.
Cocconia concentrica
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Inácio C. A. , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cocconia concentrica
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Parasitic on living leaves. HOSTS:
Bersama
sp. (
Melianthaceae
),
Bridelia scleroneuroides
(
Euphorbiaceae
),
Trichilia dregeana, T. emetica
(
Meliaceae
),
Veronica elliptica
(
Scrophulariaceae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Mozambique, South Africa, Uganda. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne ascospores.
Cycloschizon brachylaenae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Inácio C. A. , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cycloschizon brachylaenae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Parasitic on living leaves. HOSTS:
Brachylaena dentata, B. discolor, B. elliptica, B. neriifolia, Brachylaena
sp. (
Compositae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Mozambique, South Africa (Cape Province, Natal). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne ascospores.
Xanthomonas cassavae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Saddler G. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Xanthomonas cassavae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Manihot esculenta
(
Euphorbiaceae
); by artificial inoculation:
Euphorbia pulcherrima
(
Euphorbiaceae
). DISEASE: Cassava leaf spot or bacterial necrosis. Angular leaf spots extend along veins but generally do not develop into blight. Spots age, turn dark brown and are surrounded by a yellow halo. Exudate is frequently produced. On stems, dark green point lesions develop slowly up to 1 cm diam. Lytic pockets generally develop under lesions in the cortex. Lateral extension can lead to girdling and tip dieback. Secondary colonization by
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
[Glomerella cingulata]
is frequently observed. Systemic infection and vascular browning are absent or very restricted. Entry into the host is through natural openings (stomata) or epidermal wounds, which can be caused (especially on the stem) by sand particles or small grains of gravel thrown up by the strong winds which precede the first rains. The optimum temperature for disease development is 25°C. Disease mainly occurs above altitudes of 800 m. There is evidence that disease severity is linked to poor plant nutrition. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Burundi, Congo Democratic Republic, Kenya, Malawi, Niger, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire. SOUTH AMERICA: Colombia. TRANSMISSION: Long distance spread is restricted. Symptomless cuttings taken from diseased plants were unable to demonstrate propagation. Rapid disease development under favourable climatic conditions suggests a symptomless epiphytic phase on the host itself or on a plant other than cassava. In the field, dispersal is by wind and rain.
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Saddler G. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Oryza sativa, Oryza
spp. ;
Brachiaria mutica, Cenchrus ciliaris, Cyperus difformis, C. rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa crus-galli, Leersia hexandra, L. oryzoides, Leptochloa chinensis, Panicum maximum, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Zizania aquatica, Zizania latifolia, Z. palustris
and
Zoysia japonica
(
Poaceae
); by artificial inoculation:
Leptochloa filiformis
and
L. panacea
(
Poaceae
). DISEASE: Bacterial blight of rice and kresek disease. Symptoms appear on leaves of young plants, after planting out, as pale green to grey-green, water-soaked streaks near the leaf tip and margins. These lesions coalesce and become yellowish-white with wavy edges. The whole leaf may eventually be affected, becoming whitish or greyish and then dying. Leaf sheaths and culms of more susceptible cultivars may be attacked. Systemic infection, known as kresek, results in wilting, desiccation of leaves and death, particularly of young transplanted plants. Kresek is associated with tropical storms which spread the pathogen and also wound rice plants. High temperature (
c
. 30°C) and humidity favour the disease. The bacterium invades rice plants through hydathodes on leaves, root-growth cracks and wounds. When inside the plant, the bacterium enters the vascular system, in which it spreads. Bacteria eventually ooze out of water pores on hydathodes. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gabon, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo. NORTH AMERICA: USA (Louisiana, Texas). CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama. SOUTH AMERICA: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela. ASIA: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India (Andaman & Nicobar Is, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Indian Punjab, Jammu-Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra), Japan (Honshu, Kyushu), North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland). EUROPE: Russian Federation, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: Seedborne. The pathogen can be found in the parenchyma, but rarely in the vascular tissues, of husk, embryo and endosperm. It is spread locally by wind and rain and also by flood and irrigation waters from volunteer rice plants, straw and weed hosts. Overwintering may occur on volunteers, or in the rhizospheres of weed hosts, in stored infected straw and in seed. Survival and transmission from soil or plant debris is considered unlikely.
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Saddler G. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Oryza sativa, Oryza
spp. ;
Leersia
spp.,
Leptochloa filiformis, Paspalum orbiculare, Zizania aquatica, Z. palustris
and
Zoysia japonica
(
Poaceae
). DISEASE: Bacterial leaf streak of rice. The bacterium enters leaves through stomata and wounds (particularly those from insect attack) and multiplies in the sub-stomatal cavity and intercellular spaces in the parenchyma. Eventually, parenchyma is replaced by bacterial masses. Narrow, dark greenish, water-soaked streaks of various lengths appear between the veins. Minute amber droplets of bacterial exudate are commonly found on these lesions. Later the lesions extend and coalesce, giving large brownish patches. There are no records of symptoms on infected seeds. In the late stages symptoms are difficult to distinguish from bacterial leaf blight, lesion margins remaining linear rather than wavy as for the latter. Infection is favoured in rainy conditions or during periods of high humidity. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Madagascar, Nigeria, Senegal. ASIA: Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hunan, Taiwan, Zhejiang), India (Bihar, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal), Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (Northern Territory). EUROPE: Russian Federation. TRANSMISSION: Seedborne. There is some evidence of survival on crop debris and in association with weeds. The pathogen spreads within a crop in surface moisture, irrigation water, rain, etc. There is some evidence that the disease cycle can be broken by sowing summer seed in the winter season as it is thought the pathogen cannot become established during the cool, dry, winter weather (RAO, 1987).
Phyllachora setariicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phyllachora setariicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Alloteropsis semialata
(syn.
Axonopus semialatus
),
Cyrtococcum patens, Digitaria sanguinalis, Guadua latifolia, Melinis
sp.,
Oplismenus aemulus, O. burmannii, O. compositus, O. flaccidus, O. hirtellus, O. humboldtianus, O. imbecilis, O. setarius, O. undulatifolius, Panicum carinatum, P. hians, P. leucophaeum, P. longifolium, P. maximum, P. nepalense, P. plicatum, P. pygmaeum, P. sanguinolentum, P. sciurotes, P. sulcatum, Paspalum conjugatum, P. orbiculare, P. saccharoides, Pennisetum clandestinum, P. distachyum
,?
Phalaris
sp.,
Setaria chevalieri, S. italica, S
.?
kagerensis, S. palmifolia, S. plicatilis, S. sphacelata
var.
aurea
(syn.
S
.
aurea
),
Setaria sulcata, Urochloa trichopus, Valota laxa
(
Gramineae
). DISEASE: Tar spot of grasses. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. AFRICA: Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, Zaire. NORTH AMERICA: USA (Alabama, New Jersey). CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay. ASIA: China (Guangdong), India (Kerala), Indonesia, Japan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland), New Caledonia. TRANSMISSION: Not studied in detail, but morphological features agree with those of relatives which have been shown to disperse ascospores actively via air currents, possibly with secondary dispersal via water splash.
Phyllachora sylvatica
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phyllachora sylvatica
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Dactylis glomerata, Distichlis maritima, D. spicata, D. stricta, Festuca dertonensis, F. dumetorum, F. duriuscula, F. elatior, F. idahoensis, F. megalura, F. occidentalis, F. ovina, F. pampeana, F. pilgeri, F. purpurascens, F. rubra
(
Gramineae
). Records on
Pharus, Spartina
and
Sporobolus
(
Gramineae
) require confirmation. DISEASE: Tar spot of leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Kenya. NORTH AMERICA: USA (California, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas). SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina (GABEL
et al.
, 1999). AUSTRALASIA: New Zealand. EUROPE: France, Germany, Great Britain (England, Scotland), Italy, Sweden. A record from Venezuela (DENNIS, 1970) requires confirmation. TRANSMISSION: Not studied in detail, but morphological features agree with those of relatives which have been shown to disperse ascospores actively via air currents, possibly with secondary dispersal via water splash.
Coccomyces papillatus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Coccomyces papillatus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: The ecology of this fungus is completely unknown. SHERWOOD (1980) noted strong similarities with
Coccomyces strobi
(
IMI Descriptions
No. 1292), which is known to occur on brittle dead attached twigs of native North American five-needled pines in North America and some European countries to which they have been introduced. This habitat is often associated with endobionts involved in self-pruning ecosystems which later fruit on dead twigs, best exemplified by
Colpoma quercinum
on
Quercus
and
C. crispum
on
Picea
(
IMI Descriptions
Nos 942. 1333), and
Therrya fuckelii
and
T. pini
on
Pinus
(
IMI Descriptions
Nos 1297, 1298) and it is tempting to speculate that
C. papillatus
too will prove to occupy this sort of niche. HOSTS:
Pinus wallichiana
(twig). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: Pakistan. TRANSMISSION: Not known. Presumably by air-borne ascospores released in humid conditions.
Lophodermium ravenelii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Lophodermium ravenelii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Nothing is yet known about the ecology of this species, except that zone lines, conidiomata and ascomata occur on secondary needles of native pines. The species is included here to aid identification of, and for comparison with, other members of this genus also on pines (
Lophodermium australe, IMI Descriptions
No. 563;
L. baculiferum, IMI Descriptions
No. 795;
L. canberrianum, IMI Descriptions
No. 564;
L. conigenum, IMI Descriptions
No. 565,
L. durilabrum, IMI Descriptions
No. 796;
L. himalayense, IMI Descriptions
No. 1149;
L. indianum, IMI Descriptions
No. 787;
L. kumaunicum, IMI Descriptions
No. 786;
L. nitens, IMI Descriptions
No. 566;
L. orientale, IMI Descriptions
No. 788;
L. pinastri, IMI Descriptions
No. 567,
L. pini-excelsae, IMI Descriptions
No. 785 and
L. seditiosum, IMI Descriptions
No. 568), some of which are known to be pathogenic. Most probably this is another fungus which begins as an endobiont, later perhaps (and under specific conditions) causing early senescence of the needle, then fruiting on that needle after its death. HOSTS:
Pinus taeda, Pinus
sp. (leaves). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: USA (North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas). TRANSMISSION: Not known. Presumably by air-borne ascospores released in humid conditions.