bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Old Principle of Liquid Ion-Impedance Spectrometry (Particularly in Milk) Realised by New Components
Authors: Blahins Jānis , Bžiškjans Armans , Kalniņš Guntis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ion impedance spectrometry enables detection of the concentrations of multiple chemical compositions in a weak solution, usually if only part of a complex signal is used and the frequency is not swept. Prior to the method described in this paper, ion impedance required rather sophisticated electronics to collect the results from an instrument, as well as the electrode polarisation minimising. We elaborated and tested circuitry that uses the newest electronics components for a chemical analysis instrument designed according to a principle patented in Latvia (No. SU-1021440A), year 1981. The newly improved ion impedance spectrometry apparatus is suited for accurate measurement of ion concentrations for commercial use by various trade professionals. The primary target was an in-flow milk tester for dairy farm milking devices (yet this is not the exclusive use).
Semi-supervised planning method for breast electronic tissue compensation treatments based on breast radius and separation
Authors: Podgorsak Alexander R. , Kumaraswamy Lalith K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to develop and assess a technique for the optimization of breast electronic tissue compensation (ECOMP) treatment plans based on the breast radius and separation.

Materials and methods
Ten ECOMP plans for 10 breast cancer patients delivered at our institute were collected for this work. Pre-treatment CT-simulation images were anonymized and input to a framework for estimation of the breast radius and separation for each axial slice. Optimal treatment fluence was estimated based on the breast radius and separation, and a total beam fluence map for both medial and lateral fields was generated. These maps were then imported into the Eclipse Treatment Planning System and used to calculate a dose distribution. The distribution was compared to the original treatment hand-optimized by a medical dosimetrist. An additional comparison was performed by generating plans assuming a single tissue penetration depth determined by averaging the breast radius and separation over the entire treatment volume. Comparisons between treatment plans used the dose homogeneity index (HI; lower number is better).

Results
HI was non-inferior between our algorithm (HI = 12.6) and the dosimetrist plans (HI = 9.9) (p-value > 0.05), and was superior than plans obtained using a single penetration depth (HI = 17.0) (p-value < 0.05) averaged over the 10 collected plans. Our semi-supervised algorithm takes approximately 20 seconds for treatment plan generation and runs with minimal user input, which compares favorably with the dosimetrist plans that can take up to 30 minutes of attention for full optimization.

Conclusions
This work indicates the potential clinical utility of a technique for the optimization of ECOMP breast treatments.
Fungal Contamination in the Working Environ-Ment of Waste Sorting Facilities: A Review
Authors: Perná K. , Wittlingerová Z. , Zimová M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In recent years, many studies have pointed to a relationship between the working activity in waste sorting facilities and the occurrence of health problems (respiratory, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, skin and eye irritations). Employees in these facilities are simultaneously exposed to many biological, chemical and physical factors. Due to the repeated detection of high concentrations of airborne fungi (reaching up to 1.8 x 106 CFU m–3) in the working environment involving potentially allergenic, infectious and toxigenic fungal species, it can be assumed that fungi may play an important role in the development of health problems. In terms of minimizing health risks, it is necessary to take several preventive and protective measures to reduce contamination of the working environment by biological agents. The basic recommendation is the consistent use of protective equipment as well as the observance of personal hygiene by the employees. Other necessary measures are the frequent air exchange inside the facility, educating the employees about health risks associated with waste sorting and establishment of regular medical check-ups.
A cross-sectional multicentre qualitative study exploring attitudes and burnout knowledge in intensive care nurses with burnout
Authors: Friganović Adriano , Kurtović Biljana , Selič Polona 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aim
Although nurses in intensive care units (ICUs) are exposed to prolonged stress, no burnout prevention policy has yet been established. This study aims to determine the attitudes and “sense” of knowledge of burnout in nurses with burnout.

Methods
The study, which has a qualitative exploratory phenomenological design, was carried out in several Croatian ICUs in 2017. ICU nurses suffering from burnout according to their score on the Maslach Burnout Inventory were chosen randomly from five hospitals. Their participation was voluntary. Of the 28 participants, 86% were women (n=24) and 14% men (n=4). They were aged mainly between 36 and 45 (n=11 (40%)) and between 26 and 35 (n=10 (36%)). Semi-structured interviews were conducted up to the saturation point. The conversations were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The text was analysed using inductive thematic analysis, with codes derived and grouped into clusters by similarities in meaning, and interpretation as the final stage.

Results
Emergent themes, compromised private life, stressful work demands, stress reduction options, protective workplace measures and sense of knowledge reflected a variety of experiences, attitudes and knowledge of burnout.

Discussion
Nurses with burnout provided an insight into their experience and attitudes, and the problems created by burnout. Given the poor sense of knowledge about this syndrome, there is a need to implement education on burnout in nursing school curricula, and clear strategies in the ICU environment, i.e. information, awareness-raising, and specific guidelines on coping, burnout detection and prevention. Approaching burnout prevention through attitudes/social learning may be a novel and feasible model of addressing this issue.
The metaphorical naming of selected dreaded diseases and medical conditions in Igbo language and thought
Authors: Kamalu Ikenna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), which forms the theoretical anchor of this study, expresses the role of language and cognition in construing and communicating human experiences. CMT posits that metaphor in discourse is shaped by the ideological orientation and cultural worldview of the speaker or group. Previous studies on Igbo language and culture have used insights from linguistics, anthropology, sociology, cultural studies, religious studies among others to show how the group expresses its social and cultural experiences, but none, to the best of the present researcher’s knowledge, has used the CMT approach to study the group’s construal of dreaded diseases and medical conditions in its environment. Working within the tenets of CMT therefore, this study shows how the group uses metaphors to express ideation and tenor in relation to some dreaded diseases and conditions. The study reveals that the Igbo use different conceptual metaphors such as container, journey, leaf, natural/physical force, heavy burden, etc. to frame their understanding of some dreaded diseases and conditions. The diseases and conditions are named/classified according to the narratives around them; the effects of the disease on the skin of the sufferer; the visual impression of the disease on the distant other; the effects of the disease on the mind/brain of the sufferer; the physical effects of the disease on the body of the sufferer; and the assumed causes/sources of the disease. Descriptive and analytical approaches are used in the discussion of primary data. The language the Igbo of Southeastern Nigeria use to express their understanding of their natural world and social relations is chiefly metaphorical, and the names they ascribe to diseases and medical conditions emanate from their understanding of their cultural and social orientations, bodily actions and experiences.
Smart Practices in Public Administration to End Homelessness: the Example of Scandinavian Countries
Authors: Cendrowicz Dominika 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Homelessness is a phenomenon for which the scale is growing at an alarming rate in Europe. It leads to the exclusion of people affected by it, to the denying of human dignity, and it constitutes a threat to human health and life. It is a multidimensional phenomenon in its substance and causes that lead to it. Therefore, it is necessary for the European states to take steps to prevent and reduce its scale. This requires thoughtful, sometimes innovative activities that bring with them a serious financial outlay for their implementation. It also concerns Poland, where the basic form of assistance to the homeless people is still a shelter, which is far from the level of assistance provided to the homeless people in the countries of Western Europe, especially in countries such as Finland, Denmark or Norway. The aim of the article is a theoretical overview of the notion of smart practices in public administration to end homelessness in selected Scandinavian countries and its state affair in Poland, using relevant scientific literature. The article provides the reader with information about the homelessness strategies implemented in Finland, Denmark and Norway, and refers them to the Polish conditions.
How ‘smart’ is Public Administration in the Eyes of European Students? - Examining Behaviour Models in the Public Administration
Authors: Stasz Marcin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Following study focussed on the perception of the public administration by the international students in the context of implementation of the concept of smart administration. New administrative reality requires that public administration should not only adapt to new conditions, but should also introduce complex plans of change, which in consequence should lead to the creation of a new type of smart administration, which adequately answers the needs and expectations of contemporary and future citizens.
Smart administration should be understood as an effective, well managed organisation with reasonably simplified structure and conduct oriented primarily towards serenity, comfort and well-being of the recipient of its service. Important feature is easy, two-way communication, which is a gateway for active participation of citizens in public affairs in both local and nationwide level.
For the purpose of this study, various dispositions expressed towards public administration were classified into the three categories of behaviour models. Models of behaviour in public administration presented in the paper are meritoric-despotism behaviour, efficient-democratic behaviour and anarchist-informal behaviour and were created for this study on the basis of approaches already present in the field.
Main objective of the paper is to provide preliminary analysis of how the international students perceive changes in the behaviour models in public administration and what is the role of smart administration in this. This paper is based on the data collected during the interviews, conducted face to face, with four students from different part of Europe and who are following exchange programmes. Questions concerned the experience in contact with public administration, its role, performance and how should it be changed. Research results showed that regarding behaviour changes in public administration, interlocutors speak in favour of a centralised model of public administration rather than decentralised, which is interesting in the context of smart administration, because this mean that there is still a common perception that the base of classic approach to public administration should be maintained even if modified by new concepts.
Approximate extrema of a bounded family of intervals
Authors: Молодцов Дмитрий Анатольевич 
Published: January 2021

Устанавливаются связи между экстремальными множествами для ``приближенных'' отношений доминирования для произвольного ограниченного семейства интервалов вещественных чисел.
Connections are established between extremal sets for ``approximate'' dominance relations for an arbitrary bounded family of intervals of real numbers.
Prevalansi Cedera Ektremitas Atas pada Permainan Softball
Authors: Lestari Ade Tuti , Bachtiar Bachtiar , Trisanti One Lailla , Zubaid Ida 
Published: January 2021

Many athletes don’t understand the risk factors for injury, so they have less awareness, acute and chronic due internal and external. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of injuries in the throw technique. The method used descriptive with a survey technique using a questionnaire. The results was prevalence of injuries from throwers, under hand toss3, side hand throw 8, and over hand throw 19. From the aspect of have been injured 15, handling injuries 20, and throwing techniques 14. Forover hand throw 19, side hand throw 8 and under hand toss 3. For over hand throw 19, side hand throw 8 and under hand toss 3. The relationship between throw and injury was 10 from over hand throw, 6 from side hand throw, and 3 from under hand toss. Based on observations from the position of the injury, were deltoid 15, biceps 8, triceps 5, and wrist 2. Based on the relationship between throw and the position of the injuries, 13deltoid, 4 biceps and 2 triceps injuries from over hand throw, side hand throw 4, experienced biceps injuries, 2 deltoid, 2 triceps, and 2 under hand toss, 2 wrist and 1 triceps. Keywords: Prevalence, Injury, SoftballAbstrakBanyak atlet kurang memahami factor resiko terjadinya cedera selama melakukan olahraga sehingga kurang menyadari telah mengalami cedera, baik akut maupun kronis yang diakibatkan factor internal dan eksternal.Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi cedera ekstremitas atas pada teknik lemparan.Metode yang digunakan deskriptif dengan teknik survei menggunakan angket. Hasil penelitian: Prevalensi cedera dari pelempar, under hand toss 3 orang, side hand throw 8 orang, dan over hand throw 19 orang. Dari aspek pernah atau sedang mengalami cedera 15 orang, cara penanganan cedera 20 orang, dan teknik lemparan 14 orang. Untuk jenis lemparan over hand throw 19 orang, side hand throw 8 orang dan under hand toss 3 orang. Hubungan jenis lemparan terhadap cedera, lemparan over hand throw 10 orang, side hand throw 6 orang, dan under hand toss 3 orang. Berdasarkan pengamatan letak cederanya deltoid 15 orang, biceps 8 orang, triceps 5 orang, dan wrish 2 orang. Berdasarkan hubungan jenis lemparan dan letak cederanya 13 orang cedera deltoid, 4 orang cedera biceps dan 2 orang cedera triceps dari over hand throw, side hand throw 4 orang cedera biceps, 2 orang cedera deltoid, 2 orang cedera triceps, dan under hand toss 2 orang cedera wrish dan 1 orang cedera triceps. Kata Kunci: Prevalensi, Cedera, Softball
Perbandingan Pengaruh Latihan Fartlek Dengan Latihan Sirkuit Training Terhadap Kapasitas Kerja Maksimal VO2 Max Pada Siswa MAN 1 Makassar.
Authors: Herman Herman , Syafruddin Muhammad Akbar 
Published: January 2021

This research is a descriptive study to determine (1) the effect of fartlek training on maximal working capacity of VO2 Max in MAN 1 Makassar (2) to determine the circuit training exercise on maximal working capacity of VO2 Max in MAN 1 Makassar (3) to determine differences in the effect of fartlek training with circuit training exercise on maximal working capacity of VO2 Max in MAN 2 Makassar. Population in this study were all students of MAN 1 Makassar while the sample in this study 40 students of class XI were taken by random sampling. The results of this study were (1) the data maximal work capacity (VO2max) through the end of the exercise test farlek obtained an average value of 40,872, a standard deviation of 5.6633, 29.8 minimum value, maximum value of 50.8, and 1634.9 total value of 35 samples (2) Data maximal work capacity (VO2max) obtained an average value of 44.562, a standard deviation of 21.575, 35.4 minimum value, maximum value of 52.2, and 1782.5 total value of 35 samples. Keywords: Effect of exercise training; Fartlek Training; circuit training; VO2Max.Abstrak Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian diskriptif untuk mengetahui (1) pengaruh latihan fartlek terhadap kapasitas kerja maksimal VO2 Max pada siswa MAN 1 Makassar (2) untuk mengetahui latihan circuit training terhadap kapasitas kerja maksimal VO2 Max pada siswa MAN 1 Makassar (3) untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh latihan fartlek dengan latihan circuit training terhadap kapasitas kerja maksimal VO2 Max pada siswa MAN 1 Makassar. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Siswa MAN 1 Makassar sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini 40 siswa kelas XI diambil dengan secara random sampling. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 1. Ada pengaruh yang signifikan latihan parlek terhadap kemampuan kerja maksimal (V O2 Max) (P < 0,05), 2. Ada pengaruh yang siknifikan latihan sirkuit terhadap kemampuan kerja maksimal (V O2 Max) (P < 0,05), 3. Ada perbedaan signifikan latihan parlek dan latihan sirkuit, dan 4. Latihan sirkuit lebih baik meningkatkan kemampuan kerja maksimal daripada latihan parlek (P < 0,05). Kata kunci: Pengaruh latihan; latihan fartlek; latihan circuit; VO 2Max
Kontribusi Koordinasi Mata Tangan, Kekuatan Otot Lengan dan Kelentukan Terhadap Kemampuan Passing Bawah Permainan Bola Voli SMA Negeri 14 Gowa
Authors: Karim Achmad , Ikadarny Ikadarny 
Published: January 2021

This research is a descriptive study using a correlational research design. The population is all students of SMA Negeri 14 Gowa. The sample used was 30 students. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, pearson product moment correlation coefficient analysis (r), and the results of multiple correlation analysis (R) at the significant level α = 0.05. The results showed that; (1) There is a significant contribution of eye-hand coordination to the low pass ability of the Student volleyball game, with an r value of 0.711 (Pvalue ˂ α 0.05); (2) There is a significant contribution of arm muscle strength to the low pass ability in the student volleyball game, with an r value of 0.713 (Pvalue ˂ α 0.05); (3) There is a significant contribution of flexibility to the low pass ability in the student volleyball game, with an r value of 0.706 (Pvalue ˂ α 0.05); (4) There is a significant contribution of eye-hand coordination, arm muscle strength and flexibility together to the low pass ability in the student volleyball game, with an Rcount value of 0.846 (Pvalue ˂ α 0.05); and the value of Fcount (F) of 21,857.Keywords: hand-eye coordination, arm muscle strength, flexibility, low pass ability.AbstrakPenelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif yang menggunakan rancangan penelitian ”korelasional”. Populasinya adalah keseluruhan Siswa SMA Negeri 14 Gowa. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 30 orang. Teknik penentuan sampel adalah dengan pemilihan secara acak (simple random sampling). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, analisis koefisien korelasi pearson product moment (r), dan hasil analisis korelasi ganda (R) pada taraf signifikan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; (1) Ada kontribusi yang signifikan antara koordinasi mata tangan terhadap kemampuan passing bawah pada permainan bola voli, dengan nilai r sebesar 0,711 (Pvalue ˂ α 0,05); (2) Ada kontribusi yang signifikan antara kekuatan otot lengan terhadap kemampuan passing bawah pada permainan bola voli, dengan nilai r sebesar 0,713 (Pvalue ˂ α 0,05); (3) Ada kontribusi yang signifikan antara kelentukan terhadap kemampuan passing bawah pada permainan bola voli, dengan nilai r sebesar 0,706 (Pvalue ˂ α 0,05); (4) Ada kontribusi yang signifikan antara koordinasi mata tangan, kekuatan otot lengan dan kelentukan secara bersama-sama terhadap kemampuan passing bawah pada permainan bola voli Siswa SMA Negeri 14 Gowa. dengan nilai Rhitung sebesar 0,846 (Pvalue ˂ α 0,05); dan nilai Fhitung (F) sebesar 21,857.Kata Kunci: koordinasi mata tangan, kekuatan otot lengan, kelentukan, passing bawah
Changes in the microflora of the intestinal tract of pigs when using Vetom 1
Authors: Savchenko O. L. , Mokrinskaya E. E. , Barsukova E. E. , Novik Ya. V. 
Published: January 2021

The effect of the probiotic preparation Vetom 1 was studied on the quantitative indicators of microflora of gastrointestinal tract of pigs of the Large White breed kept at a pig farm. Vetom 1 is a powder for oral administration and rectal administration, containing dry bacterial mass of live spore-forming bacteria of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32424 strain. Based on the analogue principle, experimental and control groups of 10 animals in each were formed. Pigs of the experimental group were given Vetom 1 at a dose of 75 mg/kg of live body weight once a day every day for 15 days. When applied, the concentration of bifidobacteria increased. Vetom 1 did not affect the dynamics of the concentration of lactobacilli, enterobacteria and fungi in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Under the influence of the preparation, the correlation dependences between different populations of microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract of animals changed. Without the use of the probiotic preparation, the concentrations of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria inversely correlated with each other with an average intensity. When using Vetom 1, the populations of these microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs were synergistic in relation to each other and showed a positive correlation dependence of the average intensity. No correlation dependences were found between concentrations of enterobacteria and other studied microorganisms. Without the use of the probiotic preparation, concentrations of bifidobacteria and fungi inversely correlated with each other with a strong intensity. When Vetom 1 was used, the populations of these microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs did not show either synergistic or antagonistic activity among themselves, since the confidence interval of the correlation coefficient equaled zero.
Ketersediaan Data dalam Mendukung Smart City Readiness di Kota Surakarta
Authors: Herawati Miraeki , Djunaedi Achmad 
Published: January 2021

Data Availability in Supporting Smart City Readiness in Surakarta City
The smart city concept is one of the developing concepts in overcoming various urban problems. The concept must be supported by mature implementation guidelines. The preparation of smart city guidelines is based on the readiness of each region. The readiness measurement is carried out with smart city readiness measurements that have been developed by several experts. This study will use compilation of several smart city readiness measurement models to measure smart city readiness in Surakarta City, in order to understand data required and available in Surakarta City Government, data required and available outside Surakarta City Government, and data required but not yet provided by both the City Government and other agencies. The method used in this study is case study with a qualitative approach. Measurement results show that the availability of data and the quality of available data in Surakarta City is quite good. This shows that Surakarta City is ready to develop the smart city concept to overcome various city problems faced.