bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of muscle mass and quality between metabolically healthy and unhealthy phenotypes
Authors: Kim Hong‐Kyu , Lee Min Jung , Kim Eun Hee , Bae Sung‐Jin , Kim Kyung Won , Kim Chul‐Hee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine whether higher skeletal muscle mass is associated with a metabolically healthy phenotype and whether muscle quality affects metabolic health.MethodsThis cross‐sectional analysis included 20,659 participants (7,966 women) who underwent abdominal computed tomography scans during health checkups. The total abdominal muscle area (TAMA) on the third lumbar vertebral level was demarcated. Intermuscular adipose tissue and skeletal muscle area were measured. The skeletal muscle area was divided into normal attenuation muscle area (NAMA) and low attenuation muscle area (LAMA). The NAMA/TAMA index was calculated. The metabolically unhealthy phenotype was defined as having two or more components of metabolic syndrome or the presence of hypertension or diabetes.ResultsTAMA and skeletal muscle area were not significantly different or even lower in metabolically healthy phenotypes compared with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes. However, metabolically healthy phenotypes had significantly higher NAMA (except in women with obesity) and NAMA/TAMA index than in the metabolically unhealthy phenotypes. In people without obesity, lower NAMA/TAMA index was independently associated with higher risk of the metabolically unhealthy phenotype in the fully adjusted model.ConclusionsThe metabolically healthy phenotypes had more good‐quality muscles than did the metabolically unhealthy phenotypes. These results suggest that not only muscle mass but also muscle quality (i.e., degree of myosteatosis) are associated with metabolic health.
Pediatric flexible bronchoscopy in the intensive care unit: A multicenter study
Authors: Atag Emine , Unal Fusun , Yazan Hakan , Girit Saniye , Uyan Zeynep Seda , Ergenekon Almala Pınar , Yayla Esra , Merttürk Edanur , Telhan Leyla , Meral Özge , Kucuk Hanife Busra , Gunduz Mehmet , Gokdemir Yasemin , Erdem Eralp Ela , Kiyan Gursu , Cakir Erkan , Ersu Refika , Karakoc Fazilet , Oktem Sedat 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionFlexible bronchoscopy (FB) is frequently used for assessment and treatment of patients with respiratory diseases. Our aim was to investigate the contribution of FB to diagnosis and therapy in children admitted to the intensive care units (ICU) and to evaluate the safety of FB in this vulnerable population.MethodsChildren less than 18 years of age who underwent FB in the five neonatal and pediatric ICUs in Istanbul between July 1st, 2015 and July 1st, 2020 were included to the study. Demographic and clinical data including bronchoscopy indications, findings, complications, and the contribution of bronchoscopy to the management were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐six patients were included to the study. The median age was 5 months (range 0.3–205 months). The most common indication of FB was extubation failure (38.3%), followed by suspected airway disease. Bronchoscopic assessments revealed at least one abnormality in 90.8% patients. The most common findings were airway malacia and the presence of excessive airway secretions (47.4% and 35.7%, respectively). Positive contribution of FB was identified in 87.2% of the patients. FB had greater than 1 positive contribution in 138 patients and 80.6% of the patients received a new diagnosis. Medical therapy was modified after the procedure in 39.8% and surgical interventions were pursued in 40% of the patients. Therapeutic lavage was achieved in 18.9%. There were no major complications.ConclusionFlexible bronchoscopy is a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tool in neonatal and pediatric ICUs and is not associated with major complications.
Erianin inhibits human lung cancer cell growth via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Hui‐qiong , Xie Xiao‐fang , Li Gang‐min , Chen Jun‐ren , Li Meng‐ting , Xu Xin , Xiong Qiu‐yun , Chen Guan‐ru , Yin Yan‐peng , Peng Fu , Chen Yan , Peng Cheng 
Published: July 2021

Erianin is a small‐molecule compound that is isolated from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. In recent years, it has been found to have evident antitumor activity in various cancers, such as bladder cancer, cervical cancer, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In this study, we assessed the effect of erianin on lung cancer in terms of cell growth inhibition and the related mechanism. First, erianin at a concentration of less than 1 nmol/L exhibited cytotoxicity in H1975, A549, LLC lung cancer cells, did not cause marked growth inhibition in normal lung and kidney cells, induced obvious apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest of cells, and inhibited the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells in vitro. Second, in a mouse xenograft model of lewis lung cancer (LLC), oral administration of erianin (50, 35, and 10 mg kg−1 day−1 for 12 days) substantially inhibited nodule growth, reduced the fluorescence counts of lewis cells and the percentage vascularity of tumor tissues, increased the number of apoptotic tumor cells, the thymus indices, up‐regulated the levels of interleukin (IL)‐2 and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), decreased IL‐10 levels and the spleen index, and enhanced immune function. Lastly, the possible targets of erianin were determined by molecular docking and verified via western blot assay. The results indicated that erianin may achieve the above effects via inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in vitro and vivo. Taken together, the results showed that erianin had obvious antitumor effects via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in vitro and vivo and may have potential clinical value for the treatment of lung cancer.
Silver nanoparticles as an active packaging ingredient and its toxicity
Authors: Ahmad Syed Sayeed , Yousuf Owais , Islam Rayees Ul , Younis Kaiser 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSilver nanoparticles are broad‐spectrum antimicrobials which, in recent years, have gained much attention in food packaging. Nowadays, minimally processed foods are demanded by consumers with better quality and wholesomeness. Foods reach the consumer's table because of the packaging, which plays an essential function in protection, convenience, information and promotion. Safety due to conventional packaging can be improved with the help of antimicrobial agents by incorporation or coating. Silver being an excellent antimicrobial agent has been used in food packaging to improve packed foods shelf life. There is a need to summarize the studies on the migration of silver nanoparticles from packaging to food and their toxicity. In this review, we have outlined the function of silver nanoparticles in food packaging, their toxicity and their effect on the environment.
Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial cryo‐nodal biopsy: a novel approach for mediastinal lymph node sampling
Authors: Gonuguntla Hari Kishan , Shah Milap , Gupta Nitesh , Agrawal Sumita , Poletti Venerino , Nacheli Gustavo Cumbo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEndobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) is preferred for evaluating malignant lymph nodes and staging of lung cancer. Nevertheless, larger tissue samples are increasingly needed, particularly for molecular analysis. We describe the feasibility, technical details, and complications of EBUS‐guided transbronchial cryo‐node biopsy (TBCNB) in four patients with mediastinal adenopathy. The samples obtained by EBUS‐TBCNB in all cases were adequate for histopathological examination (HPE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. In case 1, HPE showed non‐caseating epithelioid granuloma with giant cells and fibrosis consistent with sarcoidosis. Case 2 was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma with positivity for ROS1(D4D6). Case 3 showed features of metastatic adenocarcinoma from the breast (positive for Her2, ER, and GATA3). Case 4 was diagnosed with tuberculosis (necrotizing granuloma in histopathology, stain with Ziehl–Neelsen that showed few rod‐shaped bacilli). Only one patient had minimal bleeding at the puncture site controlled with cold saline. There were no adverse events such as major bleeding, pneumomediastinum, or pneumothorax.
Erasures versus errors in local decoding and property testing
Authors: Raskhodnikova Sofya , Ron‐Zewi Noga , Varma Nithin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe initiate the study of the role of erasures in local decoding and use our understanding to prove a separation between erasure‐resilient and tolerant property testing. We first investigate local list‐decoding in the presence of erasures. We prove an analog of a famous result of Goldreich and Levin on local list‐decodability of the Hadamard code. Specifically, we show that the Hadamard code is locally list‐decodable in the presence of a constant fraction of erasures, arbitrarily close to 1, with list sizes and query complexity better than in the Goldreich–Levin theorem. We further study approximate locally erasure list‐decodable codes and use them to construct a property that is erasure‐resiliently testable with query complexity independent of the input length, , but requires queries for tolerant testing. We also investigate the general relationship between local decoding in the presence of errors and in the presence of erasures.
High‐Pressure‐Sintering‐Induced Microstructural Engineering for an Ultimate Phonon Scattering of Thermoelectric Half‐Heusler Compounds
Authors: He Ran , Zhu Taishan , Ying Pingjun , Chen Jie , Giebeler Lars , Kühn Uta , Grossman Jeffrey C. , Wang Yumei , Nielsch Kornelius 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThermal management is of vital importance in various modern technologies such as portable electronics, photovoltaics, and thermoelectric devices. Impeding phonon transport remains one of the most challenging tasks for improving the thermoelectric performance of certain materials such as half‐Heusler compounds. Herein, a significant reduction of lattice thermal conductivity (κL) is achieved by applying a pressure of ≈1 GPa to sinter a broad range of half‐Heusler compounds. Contrasting with the common sintering pressure of less than 100 MPa, the gigapascal‐level pressure enables densification at a lower temperature, thus greatly modifying the structural characteristics for an intensified phonon scattering. A maximum κL reduction of ≈83% is realized for HfCoSb from 14 to 2.5 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K with more than 95% relative density. The realized low κL originates from a remarkable grain‐size refinement to below 100 nm together with the abundant in‐grain defects, as determined by microscopy investigations. This work uncovers the phonon transport properties of half‐Heusler compounds under unconventional microstructures, thus showing the potential of high‐pressure compaction in advancing the performance of thermoelectric materials.
S‐N curve for full‐locked coil ropes: Background to the verification in prEN 1993‐1‐11:2020
Authors: Maljaars Johan , Misiek Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany steel rope systems are subjected to fluctuating tensile loads and therefore can fail due to fatigue. There are indications that the fatigue resistance of full‐locked coil ropes is somewhat lower than that of other types of rope. Fatigue test data on full‐locked coil ropes have been collected, but they terminate at different conditions. A semi‐empirical model is employed to extrapolate the test results to full failure of the rope. The resulting S‐N curve is being adopted for the revision of European standard prEN 1993‐1‐11.
Taming Electron Transfers: From Breaking Bonds to Creating Molecules
Authors: von Wolff Niklas , Robert Marc 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe electron is the ultimate redox reagent to build and reshape molecular structures. Understanding and controlling the parameters underlying dissociative electron transfer (DET) reactivity and its coupling with proton transfer is crucial for combining selectivity, kinetics and energy efficiency in molecular chemistry. Reactivity understanding and mechanistic elements in DET processes are traced back and key examples of current research efforts are presented, demonstrating a large variety of applications. The involvement of DET pathways indeed encompasses a broad range of processes such as photoredox catalysis, CO2 reduction and alcohol oxidation. Interplay between these experimental examples and fundamental mechanistic study provides a powerful path to the understanding of driving force‐rate relationships, which is crucial for the development of future generations of energy efficient catalytic schemes in redox organic chemistry.
Retrobulbar haematoma secondary to haemophilia A in a dog
Authors: Amorim Ana , Reisinho Ana , Vicente Gonçalo , Delgado Esmeralda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 6‐year‐old male Yorkshire terrier presented due to sudden onset exophthalmos of the left eye. Ocular signs included conjunctival haemorrhage and third eyelid protusion. Physical examination revealed decreased ocular retropulsion and pain on opening the mouth. Skull CT demonstrated the presence of a retrobulbar mass. Transoral drainage of the retrobulbar space disclosed blood, but subsequently to this procedure profuse bleeding occurred from the incision site, while haematocrit levels decreased significantly. Coagulation tests showed a deficiency on the VIII and XII clotting factors, compatible with haemophilia A. As a consequence of exophthalmos, a severe exposure keratitis took place that rapidly evolved to perforation. After fresh frozen plasma administration, a transconjunctival enucleation was performed. Although uncommon, retrobulbar haematoma resulting from haemostatic defects should be included in the differential diagnosis of exophthalmos in dogs.
Specularizer : Detecting Speculative Execution Attacks via Performance Tracing
Authors: Wang Wubing , Chen Guoxing , Cheng Yueqiang , Zhang Yinqian , Lin Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper presents Specularizer, a framework for uncovering speculative execution attacks using performance tracing features available in commodity processors. It is motivated by the practical difficulty of eradicating such vulnerabilities in the design of CPU hardware and operating systems and the principle of defense-in-depth. The key idea of Specularizer is the use of Hardware Performance Counters and Processor Trace to perform lightweight monitoring of production applications and the use of machine learning techniques for identifying the occurrence of the attacks during offline forensics analysis. Different from prior works that use performance counters to detect side-channel attacks, Specularizer monitors triggers of the critical paths of the speculative execution attacks, thus making the detection mechanisms robust to different choices of side channels used in the attacks. To evaluate Specularizer, we model all known types of exception-based and misprediction-based speculative execution attacks and automatically generate thousands of attack variants. Experimental results show that Specularizer yields superior detection accuracy and the online tracing of Specularizer incur reasonable overhead.
Dynamical inverse seesaw mechanism as a simple benchmark for electroweak breaking and Higgs boson studies
Authors: Mandal Sanjoy , Romão Jorge C. , Srivastava Rahul , Valle José W. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Standard Model (SM) vacuum is unstable for the measured values of the top Yukawa coupling and Higgs mass. Here we study the issue of vacuum stability when neutrino masses are generated through spontaneous low-scale lepton number violation. In the simplest dynamical inverse seesaw, the SM Higgs has two siblings: a massive CP-even scalar plus a massless Nambu-Goldstone boson, called majoron. For TeV scale breaking of lepton number, Higgs bosons can have a sizeable decay into the invisible majorons. We examine the interplay and complementarity of vacuum stability and perturbativity restrictions, with collider constraints on visible and invisible Higgs boson decay channels. This simple framework may help guiding further studies, for example, at the proposed FCC facility.
Components of eleven-dimensional supergravity with four off-shell supersymmetries
Authors: Becker Katrin , Butter Daniel , Linch William D. , Sengupta Anindya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe derive the component structure of 11D,N= 1/8 supergravity linearized around eleven-dimensional Minkowski space. This theory represents 4 local supersymmetries closing onto 4 of the 11 spacetime translations without the use of equations of motion. It may be interpreted as adding 201 auxiliary bosons and 56 auxiliary fermions to the physical supergravity multiplet for a total of 376 + 376 components. These components and their transformations are organized into representations of SL(2;C)× G2.
Microscopic entropy of AdS3 black holes revisited
Authors: Larsen Finn , Lee Siyul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We revisit the microscopic description of AdS3 black holes in light of recent progress on their higher dimensional analogues. The grand canonical partition function that follows from the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence describes BPS and nearBPS black hole thermodynamics. We formulate an entropy extremization principle that accounts for both the black hole entropy and a constraint on its charges, in close analogy with asymptotically AdS black holes in higher dimensions. We are led to interpret supersymmetric black holes as ensembles of BPS microstates satisfying a charge constraint that is not respected by individual states. This interpretation provides a microscopic understanding of the hitherto mysterious charge constraints satisfied by all BPS black holes in AdS. We also develop thermodynamics and a nAttractor mechanism of AdS3 black holes in the nearBPS regime.
More Retrieval Attempts are Associated with Poorer Functional Outcome After Unsuccessful Thrombectomy
Authors: Flottmann F. , van Horn N. , Maros M. E. , Leischner H. , Bechstein M. , Meyer L. , Sauer M. , Deb-Chatterji M. , Alegiani A. , Thomalla G. , Fiehler J. , Brekenfeld C. ,   GSR investigators
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In mechanical thrombectomy, it has been hypothesized that multiple retrieval attempts might the improve reperfusion rate but not the clinical outcome. In order to assess a potential harmful effect of a mechanical thrombectomy on patient outcome, the number of retrieval attempts was analyzed. Only patients with a thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) score of 0 were reviewed to exclude the impact of eventual successful reperfusion on the mechanical hazardousness of repeated retrievals.

Methods
In this study 6635 patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) from the prospectively administered multicenter German Stroke Registry were screened. Insufficient reperfusion was defined as no reperfusion (TICI score of 0), whereas a primary outcome was defined as functional independence (modified Rankin scale [mRS] 0–2 at day 90). Propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regressions were then performed to adjust for confounders.

Results
A total of 377 patients (7.8%) had a final TICI score of 0 and were included in the study. After propensity score matching functional independence was found to be significantly more frequent in patients who underwent ≤ 2 retrieval attempts (14%), compared to patients with > 2 retrieval attempts (3.9%, OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.07–0.73, p = 0.009). After adjusting for age, sex, admission NIHSS score, and location of occlusion, more than two retrieval attempts remained significantly associated with lower odds of functional independence at 90 days (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.07–0.52, p = 0.002).

Conclusion
In patients with failure of reperfusion, more than two retrieval attempts were associated with a worse clinical outcome, therefore indicating a possible harmful effect of multiple retrieval attempts.
Zahn- und Kieferfehlstellungen – gesundheitliche Relevanz und Behandlung
Authors: Ruf Sabine , Proff Peter , Lisson Jörg 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungZahn- und Kieferfehlstellungen gehören zu den häufigsten Mundgesundheitsbeeinträchtigungen beim Menschen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht zu deren Ursachen, Häufigkeit und Folgen. Er zeigt die präventiven und kurativen Möglichkeiten kieferorthopädischer Behandlungen auf und gibt Informationen zu deren rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen in Deutschland. Inanspruchnahme und Qualität der kieferorthopädischen Versorgung werden im internationalen Vergleich dargestellt.Bei den Ursachen für Zahn- und Kieferfehlstellungen spielen genetische, epigenetische, funktionelle und umweltbedingte Faktoren eine Rolle, die individuell meist nicht eindeutig feststellbar sind. Bisher zeigen nur kleinere Querschnittsstudien, dass bis zu 80 % der Kinder in Deutschland betroffen sind. Essen, Trinken, Kauen, Sprechen und Atmen können beeinträchtigt sein, die Neigung zu Parodontalerkrankungen sowie Überlastungsschäden von Kiefergelenk und Kaumuskulatur sind erhöht. Bei einer Proklination der oberen Schneidezähne steigt die Gefahr von Frontzahntraumata. Fehlstellungen können zudem negative psychosoziale Folgen oder Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität zur Folge haben. Kieferorthopädische Behandlungen leisten in Kooperation mit anderen (zahn-)medizinischen Fachdisziplinen einen wichtigen präventiven bzw. kurativen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Mundgesundheit, der Allgemeingesundheit und der Lebensqualität.Die Kieferorthopädie bietet ein erhebliches Potenzial für die Stärkung der zahnärztlichen Prävention im Gesundheitswesen, zumal die gesetzliche Krankenversicherung (GKV) eine breitflächige Versorgung der Bevölkerung mit kieferorthopädischen Leistungen auf international anerkanntem, hohem Niveau ermöglicht. Um die Prävention weiter zu verbessern, wird die Einführung eines kieferorthopädischen Screenings im 7.–8. Lebensjahr als systematische Vorsorge empfohlen.
An integrated approach for the modelling of silicon carbide components laser milling process
Authors: Leone Claudio , Genna Silvio , Tagliaferri Vincenzo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe paper deals with characterisation and modelling of laser milling process on silicon carbide hard ceramic. To this end, a Yb:YAG pulsed fiber laser was adopted to mill silicon carbide bars. Square pockets, 5×5 mm2 in plane dimension, were machined at the maximum nominal average power (30W), under different laser process parameters: pulse frequency, scan speed, hatching distance, repetitions and scanning strategy. After machining, the achieved depth and the roughness parameters were measured by way of digital microscopy and 3D surface profiling, respectively. In addition, the material removal rate was calculated as the ratio between the removed volume/process time. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was adopted to assess the effect of the process parameters on the achieved depth, the material removal rate (MRR) and roughness parameters, while response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neuronal networks (ANNs) were adopted to model the process behaviours. Results show that both RSM and ANNs fault in MRR and RSm roughness parameters modelling. Thus, an integrated approach was developed to overcome the issue; the approach is based on the use of the RSM model to obtain a hybrid Training dataset for the ANNs. The results show that the approach can allow improvement in model accuracy.