bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximizing cancer therapy via complementary mechanisms of immune activation: PD-1 blockade, neoantigen vaccination, and Tregs depletion
Authors: D'Alise Anna Morena , Leoni Guido , De Lucia Maria , Langone Francesca , Nocchi Linda , Tucci Fabio Giovanni , Micarelli Elisa , Cotugno Gabriella , Troise Fulvia , Garzia Irene , Vitale Rosa , Bignone Veronica , Di Matteo Elena , Bartolomeo Rosa , Charych Deborah H , Lahm Armin , Zalevsky Jonathan , Nicosia Alfredo , Scarselli Elisa 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundA number of different immune pathways are involved in the effective killing of cancer cells, collectively named as the ‘Cancer Immunity Cycle’. Anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade (CPB) therapy is active on one of these pathways and reinvigorates anticancer T cell immunity, leading to long-term responses in a limited fraction of patients with cancer. We have previously shown that neoantigens-based adenovirus vectored vaccine in combination with anti-PD-1 further expands pre-existing anticancer immunity and elicits novel neoantigen-specific T cells thereby increasing efficacy to 50% of tumor clearance in mice. Here we added a third component to the CPB plus vaccine combination, which is able to modify the suppressive tumor microenvironment by reducing the number of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs), as strategy for improving the therapeutic efficacy and overcoming resistance.MethodsThe antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1, neoantigen vaccine and Treg modulating agents, either Bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG: NKTR-214) or an anti-CTLA-4 mAb with Treg-depleting activity, was investigated in murine tumor models. We evaluated tumor growth in treated animals, neoantigen-specific T cells in tumors, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and intratumoral Tregs.ResultsThe addition of BEMPEG or anti-CTLA-4 to the combination of vaccine and anti-PD-1 led to complete eradication of large tumors in nearby 100% of treated animals, in association with expansion and activation of cancer neoantigen-specific T cells and reduction of tumor-infiltrating Tregs.ConclusionThese data support the notion that the integrated regulation of three steps of the cancer immunity cycle, including expansion of neoantigen-specific T cells, reversal of the exhausted T cell phenotype together with the reduction of intratumoral Tregs may represent a novel rationally designed drug combination approach to achieve higher cure rates.
Lesion-symptom mapping with NIHSS sub-scores in ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Rajashekar Deepthi , Wilms Matthias , MacDonald M Ethan , Schimert Serena , Hill Michael D , Demchuk Andrew , Goyal Mayank , Dukelow Sean P , Forkert Nils Daniel 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundLesion-symptom mapping (LSM) is a statistical technique to investigate the population-specific relationship between structural integrity and post-stroke clinical outcome. In clinical practice, patients are commonly evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), an 11-domain clinical score to quantitate neurological deficits due to stroke. So far, LSM studies have mostly used the total NIHSS score for analysis, which might not uncover subtle structure–function relationships associated with the specific sub-domains of the NIHSS evaluation. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility to perform LSM analyses with sub-score information to reveal category-specific structure–function relationships that a total score may not reveal.MethodsEmploying a multivariate technique, LSM analyses were conducted using a sample of 180 patients with NIHSS assessment at 48-hour post-stroke from the ESCAPE trial. The NIHSS domains were grouped into six categories using two schemes. LSM was conducted for each category of the two groupings and the total NIHSS score.ResultsSub-score LSMs not only identify most of the brain regions that are identified as critical by the total NIHSS score but also reveal additional brain regions critical to each function category of the NIHSS assessment without requiring extensive, specialised assessments.ConclusionThese findings show that widely available sub-scores of clinical outcome assessments can be used to investigate more specific structure–function relationships, which may improve predictive modelling of stroke outcomes in the context of modern clinical stroke assessments and neuroimaging.Trial registration numberNCT01778335.
Emerging issues for protected and conserved areas in Canada
Authors: Dietz Sabine , Beazley Karen F. , Lemieux Christopher J. , St. Clair Colleen , Coristine Laura , Higgs Eric , Smith Risa , Pellatt Marlow , Beaty Carolynn , Cheskey Edward , Cooke Steven J. , Crawford Lindsay , Davis Rob , Forbes Graham , Gadallah Fawziah (ZuZu) , Kendall Peter , Mandrak Nick , Moola Faisal , Parker Scott , Quayle James , Ray Justina C. , Richardson Karen , Smith Kevin , Snider James , Smol John P. , Sutherland William J , Vallillee Andre , White Lori , Woodley Alison 
Published: November 2021

Horizon scanning is increasingly used in conservation to systematically explore emerging policy and management issues. We present the results of a horizon scan of issues likely to impact management of Canadian protected and conserved areas over the next 5–10 years. Eighty-eight individuals participated, representing a broad community of academics, government and nongovernment organizations, and foundations, including policymakers and managers of protected and conserved areas. This community initially identified 187 issues, which were subsequently triaged to 15 horizon issues by a group of 33 experts using a modified Delphi technique. Results were organized under four broad categories: ( i) emerging effects of climate change in protected and conserved areas design, planning, and management (i.e., large-scale ecosystem changes, species translocation, fire regimes, ecological integrity, and snow patterns); ( ii) Indigenous governance and knowledge systems (i.e., Indigenous governance and Indigenous knowledge and Western science); ( iii) integrated conservation approaches across landscapes and seascapes (i.e., connectivity conservation, integrating ecosystem values and services, freshwater planning); and ( iv) early responses to emerging cumulative, underestimated, and novel threats (i.e., management of cumulative impacts, declining insect biomass, increasing anthropogenic noise, synthetic biology). Overall, the scan identified several emerging issues that require immediate attention to effectively reduce threats, respond to opportunities, and enhance preparedness and capacity to react.
Effect of Combining Immersion Therapy with Shengji Ointment on Wound Healing Rate and Adverse Reaction Rate in Patients with Second-Degree Burn
Authors: Guo Yun , Yu Junjie 
Published: November 2021

Objective. To explore the effect of combining immersion therapy with Shengji ointment on wound healing rate and adverse reaction rate (ARR) in patients with second-degree burn. Methods. The data of 80 patients with second-degree burn treated in our hospital from February 2019 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed by the means of retrospective study, and the patients were equally divided into the treatment group and the control group according to their admission order, with 40 cases each. Immersion therapy was performed to all patients (7 d); after that, patients in the control group received routine medication (7 d), and those in the treatment group were treated with Shengji ointment until the wounds were healed, so as to compare their wound healing condition, ARRs, levels of inflammatory factors, and infection incidence. Results. Compared with the control group after treatment, the treatment group presented significantly shorter wound healing time (12.14 ± 1.26 vs. 15.98 ± 1.20,

P

< 0.001), better wound healing rate and quality (

P

< 0.05), and lower levels of inflammatory factors (

P

< 0.001); no significant between-group difference in ARRs was shown (

P

> 0.05); 34 patients in the treatment group (85.0%) and 26 patients in the control group (65.0%) had no infections, so the incidence rate of infections was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Combining immersion therapy with Shengji ointment can reduce the levels of inflammatory factors in patients with second-degree burn, lower the incidence rate of infections, provide the conditions for wound healing, and increase the wound healing rate, which shall be promoted and applied in practice.
e-Imigrações como um work in progress
Authors: Santos Alckmar Luiz dos , Duarte Rafael Soares , Henning Vinícius Rutes 
Published: November 2021

O propósito deste artigo é mostrar como se deu a passagem das intenções iniciais à criação literária digital e-Imigraçõesapresentando-a como um work in progresse não como ela pode ser lida já pronta (em https://www.editorainverso.com.br/livro-digital[1]). De certo modo, isso pode ser entendido como a tradução dinâmica de um esquema inicial abstrato em uma criação que aos poucos vai-se tornando concreta.. Quando de sua construção, a primeira dificuldade com que deparamos foi o fato de ela pôr em diálogo três diferentes linguagens (a das histórias-em-quadrinhos, a da poesia verbal e a da programação computacional). Isso representou a ameaça constante de criarmos não uma, mas três obras distintas que não dialogariam minimamente entre si. Em termos de método de criação, esse é o primeiro obstáculo a ser enfrentado, é a primeira ação a ser encetada em qualquer criação literária digital. Para discutir essas questões que surgiram ao longo da criação de e-Imigrações, neste artigo exploramos a documentação técnica e criativa por trás da obra. Com isso, tornamos públicas as fontes primárias, por assim dizer, que estão na gênese de nossa criação.

[1]É fundamental que se navegue pela obra, antes de ler este artigo.
The squeaking vocalization of grey wolves (Canis lupus): individuality in a close-range affiliative mammalian vocalisation
Authors: Weir Jackie N. , Schneider Jennifer N. , Anderson Rita E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Wolves (Canis lupus) frequently use the close-range squeaking vocalization, a soft, multi-unit, high-pitched tonal vocalisation. We examined the social and movement contexts of the occurrence and acoustic characteristics of squeaking from videotapes of pack-reared, pack-living captive wolves living in semi-natural conditions at the Canadian Centre for Wolf Research over a three-year period. We only examined squeaking vocalisations for which the sender and potential receiver(s) could be determined. Wolves squeaked in many contexts, especially when approaching other wolves in prosocial and food contexts. Some wolves squeaked more than others. Acoustically, squeaking vocalisations were individually identifiable, primarily through frequency characteristics. Contextual use suggests that squeaking conveys the friendly motivation of an approaching wolf and in aggressive situations, a motivation to defuse or decrease aggression. This close-range vocalisation may play an important role in controlling and coordinating social interactions within the pack.
Diversification and Industrialization in the Economic Development of Turkmenistan
Authors: Kwon Hoyoung , Mah Jai S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the early stages of its transition, Turkmenistan pursued a gradualist path. Diversification, industrialization, and market-based reforms led to very rapid economic growth particularly since the late 2000s. This article investigates the role of Turkmenistan’s economic development policy in diversifying industries and promoting the manufacturing sector. The government has diversified the destinations for the natural gas exports. Although its agriculture had been characterized as cotton monoculture, the share of wheat has risen since the 1990s. The textile industry has led the manufacturing sector, and other industries are not well developed. The government has successfully attracted foreign direct investment. Turkmenistan’s trade policy has contributed to supplying machines for manufactured products, although it might have been harmful to the early-stage development of the manufacturing sector. Turkmenistan, which is not a member of the WTO, may actively utilize its policy space to promote technology-intensive industries and must strengthen its level of human capital.
Decolonization of Higher Education in South Africa
Authors: Abdullahi Ali Arazeem 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Western education still dominates the education terrain across Africa. For some people, the dominance is nothing but ‘academic imperialism,’ which is believed to have relegated African scholars to mere conduits of knowledge through which European and American scholarship and interests are protected and promoted. Consequently, a dissident voice is resonating in the African educational system, particularly South African education system, demanding the recognition of ‘home-grown’ knowledge to solve home-grown problems. This article engages the debate about decolonization of higher education in South Africa and asks the fundamental question of whether or not it is possible to achieve a fully decolonized curriculum in a society that is already cloaked and engulfed by capitalism and Western ideologies.
Exploring Visitor Perceptions towards Urban Park Design and Levels of Enclosure: A Case Study from the UAE
Authors: Gargoum Amna , Gargoum Ali S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As cities transition towards urbanization and sustainability, designing attractive green spaces and urban parks is an important issue to planners and urban designers. One factor believed to have some impact on a park’s attractiveness is level of enclosure. Despite the importance of such a factor in identifying types of park visitors and frequency of visits, a limited amount of research has attempted to statistically model impacts of level enclosure on a park’s attractiveness. To address this gap, this article explores impacts of multiple physical characteristics, including levels of enclosure, on park attractiveness and user behavior. Activities in two parks in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE) were studied using field observations, photography, interviews, and statistical analysis. Field observations were utilized to model people’s attitude while using parks. Logistic regression was employed to the field observations to investigate associations between different factors and park attractiveness. Results indicated levels of enclosure had a direct influence on park users. Gender, age, and ethnicity were also found statistically significant determinates of park visitor attitudes and park choice. Traces of territorial behaviors and social conflicts were also observed.
Smile of the Crescent: Constructing a Future Identity Out of Historical Ambiguity in İstiklal Marşi (with Translation)
Authors: Ayaydin-Cebe Günil Özlem 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article analyses identity construction in İstiklal Marşi (“Independence March”), the national anthem of the Republic of Turkey, within the theoretical framework of Eurocentric nation-state rhetoric. It argues that the continuing success of the text, written by Mehmet Akif [Ersoy] in 1921, is independent of the ideological stand of its author, and lies instead in its conveyance of a modern nation-state identity. In order to demonstrate this, the article first depicts the circumstances of the adoption of the national anthem and its immediate reception in Turkey. Afterwards, it examines identity construction in the anthem and reveals that the war against European forces determined the self-perception of the nation by both the negation and mirroring of the other. It concludes that, by foregrounding certain elements such as l’esprit frondeur and faith, and by interpreting the convention of Ottoman Divan poetry, the poet infused the cultural and aesthetic legacy of the past into the future needs of a nation-state.
Labour in Turkey during the 1960s: The Long Hot Decade of the Working Class
Authors: Çelik Aziz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The 1960s were unique and sui generis years for the labour movement in Turkey. This decade not only witnessed the emergence of industrial capitalism, but also was a critical and intense period of class struggle in which the formation of the country’s working class accelerated. As the working class gained momentum, it proved itself to be a new social class after being dismissed in previous decades. At the beginning of the period, trade unions gained constitutional guarantees, thereby increasing the momentum of the labour movement, even as traditional trade unionism eroded somewhat following a period of dominance in the previous two decades. Ultimately, class-based and independent unionism grew in strength in the 1960s, while the decade also represents a critical moment in the process of working-class politicisation.
Rhotic degemination in Sanskrit and the etymology of Vedic ūrú- ‘thigh’, Hittite UZU(u)walla- ‘id.’
Authors: Nikolaev Alexander 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the absence of geminate -rr- in Sanskrit and argues that the synchronic ban on this sequence results from continued high ranking of an Obligatory Contour Principle constraint against heteromorphemic geminates (inherited from PIE) combined with the substrate influence of Dravidian languages in which the rhotics are non-geminable. New -rr- sequences that arose in Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-Aryan from PIE *-LL- or *-LHL- after loss of the laryngeal and merger of *l with the rhotic were repaired through degemination. This hypothesis predicts a development of PIE *(-)CL̥HLV- to Sanskrit (-)Cī/ūrV- which has not been previously recognized in the treatments of Indic historical phonology. This development is arguably found in mūrá- ‘stupid’ < *mūrra- < *mr̥hx-lo- (cf. Hitt. marlant- ‘stupid’), ūrú- ‘thigh’ < *u̯ūrru- < *(hx)u̯l̥hx-Lu- ← *(hx)u̯l̥hx-Lo- (cf. Hitt. walla- ‘thigh’), śīrá- ‘fervent’ < *śīrrá- < *k̑l̥hx-Ló- (cf. śrā́ya-ti ‘be fervent’), and perhaps in several other examples.
Surviving Troubled Times on the Borders of China: Sheng Shicai as a Successful Warlord in Xinjiang, 1931–34
Authors: Ou Yuan Zhi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ethnicity, religion, and geopolitics affect historians’ interpretations of the history of Xinjiang, a very chaotic frontier region of China that did not come fully under the control of the People’s Republic of China until recent decades. The case of Sheng Shicai, an early Republican Era Chinese military officer, shows how professional training and, most importantly, the ability to capitalize on emerging opportunities contributed to his military success in Xinjiang from 1931 to 1934. This paper analyzes the Republic of China’s government documents, Sheng and his acquaintances’ memoirs, newspaper articles, and other sources to examine how Sheng applied his military training and employed regional and foreign military forces to win battles in northern Xinjiang. Professional military training helped officers to utilize their resources efficiently and take advantage of their geopolitical situations. Amid numerous talented Chinese military officers, Sheng rose in rank and successfully secured Xinjiang as a part of the Republic of China even when Xinjiang’s geopolitics seemed extremely challenging. This study highlights the value of Sheng’s military prowess, something that the literature has not previously appreciated.
What do young Australian adults know about modifiable risk factors for dementia?
Authors: Keage Hannah A. D. , Villani Gabrielle , Hutchinson Amanda D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
There are well established modifiable risk factors for late-life dementia. These risk factors account for over 30% of population attributable dementia risk and accrue over the lifespan. Young adults have the greatest potential to reduce their own risk for dementia. This study aimed to investigate what young Australian adults know about dementia and its risk factors, and further, how they estimated these risks.

Methods
An online survey promoted through various social media platforms was completed by 604 young Australian adults aged 18–44 years of age.

Results
Seventy percent of participants had a limited understanding of dementia (identifying cognitive or functional impairment), 25% had a good understanding, with 5% having no understanding. Twenty percent of respondents thought there were no modifiable risk factors for dementia. Less the half of participants agreed with two of the nine established dementia risk factors (hearing loss in midlife and education in early life), with over half of participants agreeing to the remaining seven risk factors. Females consistently judged the risks conferred by the nine established dementia risk factors to be higher than males. Those who were lonely judged the dementia risk conferred by loneliness to be higher than those who were not lonely; and smokers judged the dementia risk conferred by smoking to be less than non-smokers.

Conclusion
Young adults have the greatest potential to change their dementia risk, and these findings show that there are important gaps in knowledge of dementia and its risk factors in this group.
Computational modeling of PET tracer distribution in solid tumors integrating microvasculature
Authors: Fasaeiyan Niloofar , Soltani M. , Moradi Kashkooli Farshad , Taatizadeh Erfan , Rahmim Arman 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
We present computational modeling of positron emission tomography radiotracer uptake with consideration of blood flow and interstitial fluid flow, performing spatiotemporally-coupled modeling of uptake and integrating the microvasculature. In our mathematical modeling, the uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose F-18 (FDG) was simulated based on the Convection–Diffusion–Reaction equation given its high accuracy and reliability in modeling of transport phenomena. In the proposed model, blood flow and interstitial flow are solved simultaneously to calculate interstitial pressure and velocity distribution inside cancer and normal tissues. As a result, the spatiotemporal distribution of the FDG tracer is calculated based on velocity and pressure distributions in both kinds of tissues.

Results
Interstitial pressure has maximum value in the tumor region compared to surrounding tissue. In addition, interstitial fluid velocity is extremely low in the entire computational domain indicating that convection can be neglected without effecting results noticeably. Furthermore, our results illustrate that the total concentration of FDG in the tumor region is an order of magnitude larger than in surrounding normal tissue, due to lack of functional lymphatic drainage system and also highly-permeable microvessels in tumors. The magnitude of the free tracer and metabolized (phosphorylated) radiotracer concentrations followed very different trends over the entire time period, regardless of tissue type (tumor vs. normal).

Conclusion
Our spatiotemporally-coupled modeling provides helpful tools towards improved understanding and quantification of in vivo preclinical and clinical studies.
Errata in East Coast tick study: retort to Tufts & Diuk-Wasser
Authors: Scott John D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe authors overlook the first report of Haemaphysalis punctata in the Western Hemisphere documented by a pioneer acarologist in 1910. The authors assume that climate change alters movement of ticks, but provide no data. The authors’ assumptions are only opinions, and must be corrected and challenged.