bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subject Matter Knowledge of Prospective Mathematics Teachers on Quadratic Functions Using Problem-Based Learning
Authors: Sumartini Tina Sri 
Published: June 2021

Subject matter knowledge is important knowledge possessed by prospective mathematics teachers. In general, this study aims to examine the achievement of Subject Matter Knowledge (SMK) of mathematics teacher candidate students who study with the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. This study used a mixed-method. The research design used was explanatory sequential design. The population consisted of undergraduate students of the Mathematics Education Study Program. The sample used was 80 students of prospective mathematics teachers consisting of 40 students in the PBL class and 40 students in the CL-class. The results obtained were: the achievement of the vocational students of mathematics teacher candidates who studied with PBL was better than those of prospective mathematics teacher students who studied with conventional learning. In addition, from the five indicators, four indicators experienced a high increase and one indicator experienced a moderate increase, namely the indicator of the ability to connect the concept of a quadratic function in everyday life.
APLICAÇÃO DO TRANSPLANTE DE MICROBIOMA FECAL NO TRATAMENTO DA OBESIDADE E DOENÇA DE CROHN: UMA NOVA ABORDAGEM TERAPÊUTICA
Authors: Silva Ana Flávia , Ambrozin Larissa Polace , Taketani Natália Franco 
Published: June 2021

O microbioma intestinal influencia diretamente em várias doenças, como na obesidade, doença de Crohn (DC), entre outras. Atualmente a obesidade é considerada um dos principais problemas de saúde pública, devido à alta prevalência mundial, pois segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), o número de adultos obesos aumentou de 100 milhões em 1975 para 671 milhões em 2016. Já a doença de Crohn (DC) é uma das principais doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII), que é caracterizada por uma inflamação intestinal crônica não infecciosa, de natureza autoimune. Essa doença apresenta uma incidência mundial de aproximadamente 0,7 a 14,6 indivíduos por cada 100 mil habitantes, aumentado entre a segunda e quarta década de vida e afetando ambos os sexos. O tratamento farmacológico de ambas as doenças não tem uma resposta significativa a longo prazo. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o potencial do transplante de microbioma fecal (TMF) para o tratamento da obesidade e para a doença de Crohn. Estudos testaram métodos de manipulação do transplante de microbioma fecal e demonstraram sucesso na diminuição de peso corporal e resistência à insulina na obesidade e diminuição da inflamação e melhora da microbiota intestinal na doença de Crohn. Portanto, o TMF se mostrou uma estratégia que pode trazer benefícios ao tratamento tanto da obesidade como da DC a longo prazo.
An Efficient Technique for Automation of The NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) Hydroponic System Using Arduino
Authors: Wibisono Vicky , Kristyawan Yudi 
Published: June 2021

Hydroponic Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) is most widely applied on a home and industrial scale. One of the drawbacks of the NFT hydroponic system is that it is very dependent on electricity for 24 hours to power the water pump. The basic principle of the NFT hydroponic system is to flow nutrients to plant roots with a shallow and circulating nutrient layer so that plants get enough water, nutrients, and oxygen. Therefore, the role of the water pump in the hydroponic NFT system is crucial. This research makes the automation of the NFT hydroponic system more efficient using Arduino. There are two main parts to this automation system: the control of pH levels and nutrient distribution. The pH sensor is used to control the pH level of nutrients, and the ultrasonic sensor is used for nutrient distribution. Efficiency is emphasized more on the distribution of nutrients because it absorbs more electrical energy. The method used is to flow the nutrients in the reservoir to a storage tank that is located higher than the plant using a water pump with a large discharge. Nutrients are transported to each plant using the force of gravity. The nutrient volume is controlled automatically using an ultrasonic sensor in the storage tank. The water pump is only activated by the ultrasonic sensor readings on the storage tank. So that the need for electricity to turn on the water pump is reduced, based on tests carried out on the use of a 220-volt AC / 50 Hz / 125-watt water pump and the use of a 250-liter nutrient storage tank, it can be concluded that the system that has been created can save 70% of electricity consumption.
Per-Protocol, Intention-to-Treat, and Complier Average Causal Effects Analyses in Randomized Controlled Trials: Linking Evidence to Practice
Authors: Kamper Steven J. 
Published: June 2021

This article describes the differences between common analyses for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses are common approaches, but readers may also encounter complier average causal effects (CACE) analysis, a newer method that is gaining popularity. Because these analyses answer slightly different research questions, the aim of this article is to help readers of RCTs understand why researchers conduct these different types of analyses and how to interpret the findings. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(6):314–315. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.0701
Rezension zu: Delcroix, Catherine (2021): Licht und Schatten der Familie Nour. Wie manche der Prekarität trotzen. Opladen u.a.: Barbara Budrich, ISBN: 978-3-8474-2278-5, 36,00 Euro (51,90 CHF)
Authors: Höhne Ellen 
Published: June 2021

Im Zentrum des Buches von Catherine Delcroix steht die Familie Nour, die in einer französischen Vorstadtsiedlung lebt. Während die Eltern in den 1970er-Jahren aus Marokko einwanderten, sind die sieben Kinder in Frankreich geboren und aufgewachsen. Die bereits im Untertitel des Buches angesprochenen Schwierigkeiten, die mit prekären Lebensverhältnissen zusammenhängen, beziehen sich u. a. auf Arbeitslosigkeit, chronisch knappe finanzielle Mittel und Erfahrungen von Diskriminierung und Rassismus.
Biomechanical Changes During a 90º Cut in Collegiate Female Soccer Players With Participation in the 11+
Authors: Dix Celeste , Arundale Amelia , Silvers-Granelli Holly , Marmon Adam , Zarzycki Ryan , Snyder-Mackler Lynn 
Published: June 2021

Background Valgus collapse and high knee abduction moments have been identified as biomechanical risk factors for ACL injury. It is unknown if participation in the 11+, a previously established, dynamic warm-up that emphasizes biomechanical technique and reduces ACL injury rates, reduces components of valgus collapse during a 90º cut. Hypothesis/Purpose To determine whether participation in the 11+ during a single soccer season reduced peak knee abduction moment and components of valgus collapse during a 90º cut in collegiate female soccer players. Study Design Prospective cohort study Methods Forty-six participants completed preseason and postseason motion analysis of a 90º cut. During the season, 31 players completed the 11+ and 15 players completed their typical warm-up (control group). Peak knee abduction moment, components of valgus collapse (hip adduction, internal rotation, and knee abduction angles), and a novel measure of knee valgus collapse were analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVAs to determine differences between preseason and postseason. Smallest detectable change (SDC) and minimal important difference (MID) values were applied to contextualize results. Results There was a significant main effect of time for non-dominant knee valgus collapse (p=0.03), but decreases in non-dominant knee valgus collapse only exceeded the SDC in the intervention team. Conclusions Clinically meaningful decreases in knee valgus collapse may indicate a beneficial biomechanical effect of the 11+. Participation in the 11+ may lower ACL injury risk by reducing valgus collapse during a 90º cut. Level of Evidence 2b
A Criterion Based Rehabilitation Protocol for ACL Repair with Internal Brace Augmentation
Authors: Irfan Ahmer , Kerr Stewart , Hopper Graeme , Wilson William , Wilson Lynsay , Mackay Gordon 
Published: June 2021

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the main stabilizing structures of the knee and its rupture is a common injury in young active adults. ACL reconstruction has been the preferred operative management of an ACL rupture for several decades; however, success rates are variable. Recently, interest in arthroscopic primary repair of the ligament has increased. The repair is augmented with an Internal Brace (IB), which is an ultra-high strength suture tape that bridges the ligament. This technique protects the ligament during the healing and the ligament is encouraged to heal naturally, whilst not requiring any external braces. It acts as a stabiliser to permit early mobilization and optimise rehabilitation. As understanding of rehabilitation has progressed, there has been an increased focus on early weight-bearing and achieving full range of movement. While detailed criterion-based rehabilitation protocols exist for ACL reconstruction, this is not the case for ACL repair. The purpose of this commentary is to present a novel criterion-based rehabilitation protocol following ACL repair surgery augmented with an IB. Level of Evidence V
Youth Baseball Caregiver Understanding of Safe Pitching Guidelines and Player Injury
Authors: Reintgen Christian , Zeppieri Jr Giorgio , Bruner Michelle , Horodyski MaryBeth , Waligora Andrew , Smith M Seth , Farmer Kevin W 
Published: June 2021

Background As more athletes participate in youth baseball, there has been an associated increase in upper extremity injuries. Knowledge of baseball injury prevention guidelines continues to be developed and defined as throwing-related injuries rise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how knowledgeable youth baseball caregivers were about safe pitching guidelines and secondarily determine pitching practices which may be associated with increased risk of player injury. Methods A twenty-two question survey comprised of demographic data, knowledge of overhead throwing guidelines, pitching history, presence of risk factors associated with overhead throwing and pitching habits was distributed to the caregivers of youth baseball pitchers in North Central Florida. Results Eighty-three percent (81/98) of those polled were unaware of the existence of safe pitching guidelines, regardless of the pitcher’s playing experience (p > 0.05). Those who pitched more than six months out of the year were significantly more prone to experience throwing arm pain after a performance (p < 0.05). Fifty-two percent (51/98) of the caregivers recalled their child having throwing arm pain as a direct result of pitching, with twenty-six percent (25/98) of pitchers having to miss either a game or a pitching appearance. Twenty-seven percent (26/98) of all players went on to seek medical evaluation for arm discomfort due to pitching. Pitchers 13 years of age and older were more likely to throw curveballs and miss games because of throwing arm pain (p < 0.05). Conclusion Despite implementation and accessibility of safe pitching guidelines, a large portion of those surveyed were unaware or noncompliant with these established recommendations. Given the results of this study, further measures need to be taken to improve caregivers’ understanding of current guidelines to help increase compliance and protect youth pitchers. Level of Evidence Cross-sectional survey study, 3b
Twelve-Week Quadriceps Strength as A Predictor of Quadriceps Strength At Time Of Return To Sport Testing Following Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Hannon Joseph P , Wang-Price Sharon , Goto Shiho , Singleton Steven , Dietrich Lindsey , Bothwell James , Bush Curtis , Garrison Craig 
Published: June 2021

Background Restoration of quadriceps strength following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) continues to challenge both patients and clinicians. Failure to adequately restore quadriceps strength has been linked to decreased patients’ self-reported outcomes and an increased risk for re-injury. Early identification of quadriceps strength deficits may assist in tailoring early interventions to better address impairments. Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between early (12 weeks following ACL-R) isokinetic peak torque and isokinetic peak torque at time of return to sport (RTS) testing. Study Design Cohort Study Methods A total of 120 participants (males = 55; females =65) were enrolled in the study (age = 16.1±1.4 yrs; height = 1.72±10.5 m; mass = 70.7±16.3 kg). All participants were level 1 or 2 cutting and pivoting sport athletes who underwent a primary bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft ACL-R. Participants were tested at two time points: 12 weeks following surgery and again at time of RTS testing. A linear regression model was carried out to investigate the relationship between age, sex, and isokinetic peak torque at 12 weeks following ACL-R and isokinetic peak torque at time of RTS testing. Results When 12-week isokinetic peak torque was entered first for the hierarchy regression analysis, this factor was predictive of the peak torque at the time of RTS testing, F(1, 118) = 105.6, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.472, indicating that the 12-week quadriceps strength accounted for 47% of the variance in the quadriceps strength at the time of RTS testing. When age and sex were added in the regression analysis, both factors only added 0.8% of variance for the quadriceps strength at the time of RTS testing. Conclusion Isokinetic peak torque at 12 weeks following surgery was shown to be a significantly strong predictor (47%) for isokinetic quadriceps strength recovery at time of RTS. This finding underscores the importance of early restoration of quadriceps strength and that while non-modifiable factors such as sex and age are important, early restoration of quadriceps strength most strongly influences late stage quadriceps strength. Level of Evidence 3
A Comparison of Resting Scapular Posture and the Davies Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test
Authors: Heick John D , Haggerty Jenna , Manske Robert C 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND In orthopaedic practice, it is well established that weak scapular stabilizers and an unstable scapula is related to shoulder dysfunction. Faulty scapular position has been linked to decreased scapular stability and is thought to be a result of weak or unbalanced timing in the recruitment of scapulothoracic dynamic stabilizing muscles. Kibler has described a four-type classification of scapulothoracic dysfunction. Functional performance testing is used to objectively measure activities that simulate various desired activities. The reliability of assessing the four static scapular positions may be important in diagnosing shoulder dysfunction. An understanding of the scapular position and its relationship to functional performance testing is needed. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine if a static scapular test, the Kibler scapula classification, in healthy participants affects the ability to perform a closed chain functional test that involves the use of the scapula and the upper extremity, the Davies Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST). A secondary analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability of a student physical therapist and an experienced physical therapist to identify scapular type by observation. STUDY DESIGN Multicenter, single session descriptive cohort METHODS Sixty-one healthy participants (33 males, 28 females; mean age 24.19±2.61) completed testing across two locations in one testing session. Blood pressure and heart rate as well as height and weight were measured for each participant. Participants were classified by visual observation of Kibler scapular classification. The average number of CKUEST touches, a normalized score, and a power score were calculated for each participant. Three trials were performed and participants were required to take a 45-second rest break between each CKCUEST trial. RESULTS One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant differences in Type I and Type IV Kibler scapula classification for the CKCUEST power score, however when an ANCOVA controlled for body mass index, there was no statistically significant difference. A strong correlation r=.94 was observed between student and experienced physical therapist in evaluating all four types of Kibler scapular classification. CONCLUSIONS Visually observed Kibler scapular position does not affect the ability to perform the Davies CKCUEST in healthy young adults. The ability to identify Kibler scapular position was reliable between student and experienced physical therapists. Additional studies are required to identify the usefulness of the Kibler scapular position classification. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b: Individual Cohort Study
Noncontact Knee Ligament Injury Prevention Screening in Netball: A Clinical Commentary with Clinical Practice Suggestions for Community-Level Players
Authors: Clark Nicholas C 
Published: June 2021

Netball is a predominantly female team court-sport which is played worldwide. Netball is becoming more popular in the United States following its countrywide introduction to schools and community centers. A unique characteristic of netball is the footwork rule which restricts players to a one-step landing after catching the ball. Most netball landings are single-leg landings resulting in high vertical ground reaction forces and high skeletal tissue forces. Thus, high-risk landing events that have the biomechanical potential for injury occur frequently. Noncontact knee ligament injuries are common following a knee abduction collapse when landing. Because the consequences of noncontact knee ligament injury are profound, strategies are needed to mitigate the burden of such injury for players, teams, and society. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to demonstrate how theoretical principles, different types of research, and different levels of evidence underpin a rational clinical reasoning process for developing noncontact knee ligament injury prevention screening procedures in netball. The theoretical principles that are discussed in this commentary include injury control, the sequence of prevention, principles of screening in injury prevention, the multifactorial model of injury etiology, complex systems theory, and systems science. The different types of research that are reviewed include descriptive and analytic-observational studies. The different levels of evidence that are discussed include prospective studies, cross-sectional studies, and clinicians’ own kinesiological modelling. Subsequently, an integrated approach to the evidence-informed development of noncontact knee ligament injury prevention screening procedures is presented. Clinical practice suggestions include a selection of evidence-informed screening tests that are quickly and easily implemented with netball players in local communities. The need for repeated screening at strategic timepoints across a season/year is explained. Sports physical therapists will find this commentary useful as an example for how to undertake clinical reasoning processes that justify the content of screening procedures contributing to noncontact knee ligament injury prevention in community-level netball. Level of Evidence 5
The Efficacy and Treatment Fidelity of Kinesiology Taping in Conjunction With Conservative Treatment Interventions Among Individuals With Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Salamh Paul A , Cory Christopher S , Hanney William J , Condon Haley E , Liu Xinliang , Kolber Morey J 
Published: June 2021

Purpose Kinesiology taping is a common intervention used to treat individuals with shoulder pain. While there have been several studies published to date evaluating the effectiveness of this intervention, a systematic review with meta-analysis synthesizing the collective effectiveness of kinesiology taping is not available. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis investigating the efficacy and treatment fidelity of kinesiology taping (KT) in combination with conservative interventions for shoulder pain. Methods Databases (PubMed, EMBASE, SportDiscus, CINAHL) of studies published in English meeting criteria were searched to October 2019. Methodologic quality was assessed utilizing the Modified Downs and Black checklist. Treatment fidelity was evaluated using a modified fidelity tool. Random effects meta-analyses were performed when an outcome (disability, pain, range of motion (ROM)) was reported by two or more studies. Overall effect size (pooled random effects) was estimated for studies with acceptable clinical homogeneity. Results When KT was used with conservative treatments, meta-analysis revealed large effect sizes for improvements in disability (standard mean difference (SMD) = -1.35; 95% CI, -2.09 to -0.60) and ROM (SMD = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.60-1.33) with no significant effects for pain. The average Modified Downs & Black score for bias was 11.5 ± 3.9. Of 10 retained studies, only two had good treatment fidelity. Conclusions Adding KT to interventions performed in clinical settings appears to demonstrate efficacy regarding disability and ROM when compared to conservative interventions alone. However, despite reasonably good methodologic quality, fidelity was lacking in a majority of studies. Because of its impact on the implementation of evidence-based practice, lower fidelity should be considered when interpreting results.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF OPTIMIZATION METHODS FOR SOLVING TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM
Authors: Agung Chandra , Christine Natalia 
Published: June 2021

The subject of this research is distance and time of several city tour problems which known as traveling salesman problem (tsp). The goal is to find out the gaps of distance and time between two types of optimization methods in traveling salesman problem: exact and approximate. Exact method yields optimal solution but spends more time when the number of cities is increasing and approximate method yields near optimal solution even optimal but spends less time than exact methods. The task in this study is to identify and formulate each algorithm for each method, then to run each algorithm with the same input and to get the research output: total distance, and the last to compare both methods: advantage and limitation. Methods used are Brute Force (BF) and Branch and Bound (B&B) algorithms which are categorized as exact methods are compared with Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Tabu Search (TS) and Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms which are categorized as approximate methods or known as a heuristics method. These three approximate methods are chosen because they are effective algorithms, easy to implement and provide good solutions for combinatorial optimization problems. Exact and approximate algorithms are tested in several sizes of city tour problems: 6, 9, 10, 16, 17, 25, 42, and 58 cities. 17, 42 and 58 cities are derived from tsplib: a library of sample instances for tsp; and others are taken from big cities in Java (West, Central, East) island. All of the algorithms are run by MATLAB program. The results show that exact method is better in time performance for problem size less than 25 cities and both exact and approximate methods yield optimal solution. For problem sizes that have more than 25 cities, approximate method – Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) yields better time which is approximately 37% less than exact and deviates 0.0197% for distance from exact method. The conclusion is to apply exact method for problem size that is less than 25 cities and approximate method for problem size that is more than 25 cities. The gap of time will be increasing between two methods when sample size becomes larger.