bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Highly Civilized, yet Very Simple’: Images of the Czechoslovak State and Nation at Interwar World’s Fairs
Authors: Filipová Marta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHow does a newly formed state and its newly created nation present itself at world’s fairs? This article focuses on the interwar period and the impact of the political restructuring of Central Europe in order to examine the strategies and motivations of Czechoslovakia for participation in exhibitions around the globe. It takes Czechoslovakia as an example of a country, created in 1918, that constructed and displayed its image in a comprehensible and uncomplicated way to international audiences. World’s fairs that were primarily organized to promote trade relationships thus gave the opportunity to countries like Czechoslovakia to validate its existence, internal composition, and domestic politics through carefully crafted narratives that were showcased. The article primarily addresses the question of who creates these narratives and why, while scrutinizing the transfer of domestic politics into international displays.
“Poles of the World Unite”: The Transnational History of the 1929 World Congress of Poles Abroad in the Context of Interwar Soviet–Polish Rivalries
Authors: Palko Olena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBy investigating the information and propaganda campaign surrounding the election of delegates to the 1929 World Congress of Poles Abroad, this article seeks to elucidate a complex interplay between foreign policy considerations, security concerns, and nationality policies of the Polish and Soviet governments. It examines the role of national minorities in the Soviet modernization effort and the ongoing Polish-Soviet rivalry of the interwar period. The focused study of the information campaign, and the public discussion surrounding the election process to the congress, contributes also to the debates on mass political culture in the interwar Soviet Union. Party communication, intelligence, and secret reports compiled during the local elections and conferences provide a unique source for sampling public opinion of the Polish population regarding the Soviet regime in the early years of Stalin’s First Five-Year plan. The article argues that despite the considerable efforts of the party to define and promote Polish identity, and thus shift their loyalties closer to the Soviet state, the Polish population in Soviet Ukraine, even at the end of the 1920s, continued to express persistent nonconformity and a lack of faith in the Soviet government.
Diffusion profile embedding as a basis for graph vertex similarity
Authors: Payne Scott , Fuller Edgar , Spirou George , Zhang Cun-Quan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe describe here a notion ofdiffusion similarity, a method for defining similarity between vertices in a given graph using the properties of random walks on the graph to model the relationships between vertices. Using the approach of graph vertex embedding, we characterize a vertexviby considering two types of diffusion patterns: the ways in which random walks emanate from the vertexvito the remaining graph and how they converge to the vertexvifrom the graph. We define the similarity of two verticesviandvjas the average of the cosine similarity of the vectors characterizingviandvj. We obtain these vectors by modifying the solution to a differential equation describing a type of continuous time random walk.This method can be applied to any dataset that can be assigned a graph structure that is weighted or unweighted, directed or undirected. It can be used to represent similarity of vertices within community structures of a network while at the same time representing similarity of vertices within layered substructures (e.g., bipartite subgraphs) of the network. To validate the performance of our method, we apply it to synthetic data as well as the neural connectome of theC. elegansworm and a connectome of neurons in the mouse retina. A tool developed to characterize the accuracy of the similarity values in detecting community structures,the uncertainty index, is introduced in this paper as a measure of the quality of similarity methods.
The psychophysiological correlates of cognitive dissonance
Authors: Ploger Gavin W. , Dunaway Johnanna , Fournier Patrick , Soroka Stuart 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis preregistered study uses a combination of physiological measures to explore both the activation and reduction components of cognitive dissonance theory. More precisely, we use skin conductance to identify dissonance arousal, a short-term affective response to counter-attitudinal stimuli, and then use heart rate variability to measure dissonance reduction, which reflects longer-term patterns of emotional regulation and information processing. Our preliminary tests find weak evidence of dissonance arousal and no evidence of dissonance reduction using this physiological approach. We consequently reconsider (albeit optimistically) the use of physiology in future work on cognitive dissonance. We also discuss the implications of our findings for selective exposure and motivated reasoning.
Evaluation of co-cultured spermatogonial stem cells encapsulated in alginate hydrogel with Sertoli cells and their transplantation into azoospermic mice
Authors: Veisi Mohammad , Mansouri Kamran , Assadollahi Vahideh , Jalili Cyrus , Pirnia Afshin , Salahshoor Mohammad Reza , Hoseinkhani Zohreh , Gholami Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2021

SummaryAnin vitrospermatogonial stem cell (SSC) culture can serve as an effective technique to study spermatogenesis and treatment for male infertility. In this research, we compared the effect of a three-dimensional alginate hydrogel with Sertoli cells in a 3D culture and co-cultured Sertoli cells. After harvest of SSCs from neonatal mice testes, the SSCs were divided into two groups: SSCs on a 3D alginate hydrogel with Sertoli cells and a co-culture of SSCs with Sertoli cells for 1 month. The samples were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) tracing, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining after transplantation into an azoospermic testis mouse. The 3D group showed rapid cell proliferation and numerous colonies compared with the co-culture group. Molecular assessment showed significantly increasedintegrin alpha-6,integrin beta-1,Nanog,Plzf,Thy-1,Oct4andBcl2expression levels in the 3D group and decreased expression levels ofP53,Fas, andBax. BrdU tracing, and H&E and PAS staining results indicated that the hydrogel alginate improved spermatogenesis after transplantationin vivo. This finding suggested that cultivation of SSCs on alginate hydrogel with Sertoli cells in a 3D culture can lead to efficient proliferation and maintenance of SSC stemness and enhance the efficiency of SSC transplantation.
A Scoping Review on Category A Agents as Bioweapons
Authors: Beale Sarah L. , Zolnikov Tara Rava , Firebaugh Casey Mace 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCategory A agents are biological pathogens that could pose a threat to health and human safety if used as bioweapons. The exploration and possibility of these threats must be comprehensively reviewed to create a preparedness plan to recognize outbreaks, to educate the public, and to offer vaccinations and/or treatment options, if available. A scoping review using PRISMA guidelines was performed to categorize current information on Category A biological agents as well as understand their potential for future threats. The results used 34 articles and found that while botulin neurotoxins were the most lethal, anthrax posed the most likely threat for use as a bioweapon. Most research was conducted on plague, though it is not the most likely threat. Smallpox is the most likely agent to vaccinate against as there is already a working vaccine that has proven effective and the issue at hand is the need for a larger stockpile. Ultimately, preparedness efforts should include vaccinations and continued research and development of them. Category A agents are a serious public health concern; updated and reformed bioterrorism preparedness plans could greatly minimize panic and mortality.
circSPG21 protects against intervertebral disc disease by targeting miR-1197/ATP1B3
Authors: Huang Yizhen , Zhang Zhenlei , Wang Jianle , Shen Shuying , Yao Teng , Xu Yining , Chen Zizheng , Fang Bin , Ma Jianjun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe abnormal expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is associated with numerous human diseases. This study investigated the mechanism by which circRNA acts as competitive endogenous RNA in the regulation of degenerative intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). Decreased expression of circSPG21 was detected in degenerated nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), the function of circSPG21 in NPCs was explored and verified, and the downstream target of circSPG21 was investigated. The interaction between circSPG21 and miR-1197 and its target gene (ATP1B3) was studied by online database prediction and molecular biological verification. Finally, the circSPG21/miR-1197/ATP1B3 axis was verified in the mouse tail-looping model. The expression of circSPG21 in the nucleus pulposus in IVDD was directly related to an imbalance of anabolic and catabolic factors, which affected cell senescence. circSPG21 was found to play a role in human NPCs by acting as a sponge of miR-1197 and thereby affecting ATP1B3. The regulation of circSPG21 provides a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for IVDD.
An adaptive microscope for the imaging of biological surfaces
Authors: Abouakil Faris , Meng Huicheng , Burcklen Marie-Anne , Rigneault Hervé , Galland Frédéric , LeGoff Loïc 
Published: October 2021

AbstractScanning fluorescence microscopes are now able to image large biological samples at high spatial and temporal resolution. This comes at the expense of an increased light dose which is detrimental to fluorophore stability and cell physiology. To highly reduce the light dose, we designed an adaptive scanning fluorescence microscope with a scanning scheme optimized for the unsupervised imaging of cell sheets, which underly the shape of many embryos and organs. The surface of the tissue is first delineated from the acquisition of a very small subset (~0.1%) of sample space, using a robust estimation strategy. Two alternative scanning strategies are then proposed to image the tissue with an improved photon budget, without loss in resolution. The first strategy consists in scanning only a thin shell around the estimated surface of interest, allowing high reduction of light dose when the tissue is curved. The second strategy applies when structures of interest lie at the cell periphery (e.g. adherens junctions). An iterative approach is then used to propagate scanning along cell contours. We demonstrate the benefit of our approach imaging live epithelia from Drosophila melanogaster. On the examples shown, both approaches yield more than a 20-fold reduction in light dose -and up to more than 80-fold- compared to a full scan of the volume. These smart-scanning strategies can be easily implemented on most scanning fluorescent imaging modality. The dramatic reduction in light exposure of the sample should allow prolonged imaging of the live processes under investigation.
Light People: Professor John Dudley spoke about supercontinuum generation and International Day of Light
Authors: Guo Chenzi 
Published: October 2021

EditorialThe extreme spectral broadening of light in supercontinuum generation (SCG) is considered by many as the ultimate legacy of nonlinear optics. In this interview, Light: Science & Applications invited John Dudley [see the “Short Bio” section]—pioneer of supercontinuum generation, rogue waves, and ultrafast lasers—to share insight on how supercontinuum generation have evolved over the past decades and where it is heading. Also as the Steering Chair of UNESCO’s International Day of Light & International Year of Light (IDL & IYL), John is asked to share his comments on how light may influence post-pandemic World.
Quantifying ERK activity in response to inhibition of the BRAFV600E-MEK-ERK cascade using mathematical modelling
Authors: Hamis Sara J. , Kapelyukh Yury , McLaren Aileen , Henderson Colin J. , Roland Wolf C. , Chaplain Mark A. J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Simultaneous inhibition of multiple components of the BRAF-MEK-ERK cascade (vertical inhibition) has become a standard of care for treating BRAF-mutant melanoma. However, the molecular mechanism of how vertical inhibition synergistically suppresses intracellular ERK activity, and consequently cell proliferation, are yet to be fully elucidated.

Methods
We develop a mechanistic mathematical model that describes how the mutant BRAF inhibitor, dabrafenib, and the MEK inhibitor, trametinib, affect BRAFV600E-MEK-ERK signalling. The model is based on a system of chemical reactions that describes cascade signalling dynamics. Using mass action kinetics, the chemical reactions are re-expressed as ordinary differential equations that are parameterised by in vitro data and solved numerically to obtain the temporal evolution of cascade component concentrations.

Results
The model provides a quantitative method to compute how dabrafenib and trametinib can be used in combination to synergistically inhibit ERK activity in BRAFV600E-mutant melanoma cells. The model elucidates molecular mechanisms of vertical inhibition of the BRAFV600E-MEK-ERK cascade and delineates how elevated BRAF concentrations generate drug resistance to dabrafenib and trametinib. The computational simulations further suggest that elevated ATP levels could be a factor in drug resistance to dabrafenib.

Conclusions
The model can be used to systematically motivate which dabrafenib–trametinib dose combinations, for treating BRAFV600E-mutated melanoma, warrant experimental investigation.
Sulforaphane downregulated fatty acid synthase and inhibited microtubule-mediated mitophagy leading to apoptosis
Authors: Yan Yuting , Zhou Yan , Li Juntao , Zheng Zhongnan , Hu Yabin , Li Lei , Wu Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that sulforaphane (SFN) inhibited autophagy leading to apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but the underlying subcellular mechanisms were unknown. Hereby, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry uncovered that SFN regulated the production of lipoproteins, and microtubule- and autophagy-associated proteins. Further, highly expressed fatty acid synthase (FASN) contributed to cancer malignancy and poor prognosis. Results showed that SFN depolymerized microtubules, downregulated FASN, and decreased its binding to α-tubulin; SFN downregulated FASN, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACACA), and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) via activating proteasomes and downregulating transcriptional factor SREBP1; SFN inhibited the interactions among α-tubulin and FASN, ACACA, and ACLY; SFN decreased the amount of intracellular fatty acid (FA) and mitochondrial phospholipids; and knockdown of FASN decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and increased reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial abnormality, and apoptosis. Further, SFN downregulated mitophagy-associated proteins Bnip3 and NIX, and upregulated mitochondrial LC3 II/I. Transmission electron microscopy showed mitochondrial abnormality and accumulation of mitophagosomes in response to SFN. Combined with mitophagy inducer CCCP or autophagosome–lysosome fusion inhibitor Bafilomycin A1, we found that SFN inhibited mitophagosome–lysosome fusion leading to mitophagosome accumulation. SFN reduced the interaction between NIX and LC3 II/I, and reversed CCCP-caused FA increase. Furthermore, knockdown of α-tubulin downregulated NIX and BNIP3 production, and upregulated LC3 II/I. Besides, SFN reduced the interaction and colocalization between α-tubulin and NIX. Thus, SFN might cause apoptosis via inhibiting microtubule-mediated mitophagy. These results might give us a new insight into the mechanisms of SFN-caused apoptosis in the subcellular level.
SOD1 D91A variant in the southernmost tip of Europe: a heterozygous ALS patient resident on the island of Gozo
Authors: Farrugia Wismayer Maia , Farrugia Wismayer Andrew , Pace Adrian , Vassallo Neville , Cauchi Ruben J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is frequently caused by mutations in the SOD1 gene. Here, we report the first SOD1 variant in Malta, an archipelago of three inhabited islands in southern Europe. We describe a patient with a sporadic form of ALS living on the island of Gozo in which the heterozygous SOD1 c.272A>C; p.(Asp91Ala) variant was detected. The patient had a late onset (79 years), sensory impairments and rapid disease progression culminating in respiratory failure. ALS has not yet developed in any of the three additional family members in which the D91A variant was identified. None of the healthy controls from the Maltese population were found to carry this variant. This report underscores the high prevalence of the D91A variant in Europe, despite the presence of a North-South gradient in its frequency, and confirms that this variant can be associated with dominant cases in Mediterranean countries.
Robust charge-density wave strengthened by electron correlations in monolayer 1T-TaSe2 and 1T-NbSe2
Authors: Nakata Yuki , Sugawara Katsuaki , Chainani Ashish , Oka Hirofumi , Bao Changhua , Zhou Shaohua , Chuang Pei-Yu , Cheng Cheng-Maw , Kawakami Tappei , Saruta Yasuaki , Fukumura Tomoteru , Zhou Shuyun , Takahashi Takashi , Sato Takafumi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCombination of low-dimensionality and electron correlation is vital for exotic quantum phenomena such as the Mott-insulating phase and high-temperature superconductivity. Transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) 1T-TaS2 has evoked great interest owing to its unique nonmagnetic Mott-insulator nature coupled with a charge-density-wave (CDW). To functionalize such a complex phase, it is essential to enhance the CDW-Mott transition temperature TCDW-Mott, whereas this was difficult for bulk TMDs with TCDW-Mott < 200 K. Here we report a strong-coupling 2D CDW-Mott phase with a transition temperature onset of ~530 K in monolayer 1T-TaSe2. Furthermore, the electron correlation derived lower Hubbard band survives under external perturbations such as carrier doping and photoexcitation, in contrast to the bulk counterpart. The enhanced Mott-Hubbard and CDW gaps for monolayer TaSe2 compared to NbSe2, originating in the lattice distortion assisted by strengthened correlations and disappearance of interlayer hopping, suggest stabilization of a likely nonmagnetic CDW-Mott insulator phase well above the room temperature. The present result lays the foundation for realizing monolayer CDW-Mott insulator based devices operating at room temperature.
Polycomb condensates can promote epigenetic marks but are not required for sustained chromatin compaction
Authors: Eeftens Jorine M. , Kapoor Manya , Michieletto Davide , Brangwynne Clifford P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganization of the genome into transcriptionally active euchromatin and silenced heterochromatin is essential for eukaryotic cell function. Phase-separation has been implicated in heterochromatin formation, but it is unclear how phase-separated condensates can contribute to stable repression, particularly for heritable epigenetic changes. Polycomb complex PRC1 is key for heterochromatin formation, but the multitude of Polycomb proteins has hindered our understanding of their collective contribution to chromatin repression. Here, we show that PRC1 forms multicomponent condensates through hetero-oligomerization. They preferentially seed at H3K27me3 marks, and subsequently write H2AK119Ub marks. We show that inducing Polycomb phase-separation can cause chromatin compaction, but polycomb condensates are dispensable for maintenance of the compacted state. Our data and simulations are consistent with a model in which the time integral of Polycomb phase-separation is progressively recorded in repressive histone marks, which subsequently drive compaction. These findings link the equilibrium thermodynamics of phase-separation with the fundamentally non-equilibrium concept of epigenetic memory.
Evolution of the electronic structure in open-shell donor-acceptor organic semiconductors
Authors: Chen Zhongxin , Li Wenqiang , Sabuj Md Abdus , Li Yuan , Zhu Weiya , Zeng Miao , Sarap Chandra S. , Huda Md Masrul , Qiao Xianfeng , Peng Xiaobin , Ma Dongge , Ma Yuguang , Rai Neeraj , Huang Fei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMost organic semiconductors have closed-shell electronic structures, however, studies have revealed open-shell character emanating from design paradigms such as narrowing the bandgap and controlling the quinoidal-aromatic resonance of the π-system. A fundamental challenge is understanding and identifying the molecular and electronic basis for the transition from a closed- to open-shell electronic structure and connecting the physicochemical properties with (opto)electronic functionality. Here, we report donor-acceptor organic semiconductors comprised of diketopyrrolopyrrole and naphthobisthiadiazole acceptors and various electron-rich donors commonly utilized in constructing high-performance organic semiconductors. Nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, single-crystal X-ray studies, and computational investigations connect the bandgap, π-extension, structural, and electronic features with the emergence of various degrees of diradical character. This work systematically demonstrates the widespread diradical character in the classical donor-acceptor organic semiconductors and provides distinctive insights into their ground state structure-property relationship.
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) protects Syrian hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 and B.1.1.7
Authors: Fischer Robert J. , van Doremalen Neeltje , Adney Danielle R. , Yinda Claude Kwe , Port Julia R. , Holbrook Myndi G. , Schulz Jonathan E. , Williamson Brandi N. , Thomas Tina , Barbian Kent , Anzick Sarah L. , Ricklefs Stacy , Smith Brian J. , Long Dan , Martens Craig , Saturday Greg , de Wit Emmie , Gilbert Sarah C. , Lambe Teresa , Munster Vincent J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe investigated ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 in Syrian hamsters. We previously showed protection against SARS-CoV-2 disease and pneumonia in hamsters vaccinated with a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Here, we observe a 9.5-fold reduction of virus neutralizing antibody titer in vaccinated hamster sera against B.1.351 compared to B.1.1.7. Vaccinated hamsters challenged with B.1.1.7 or B.1.351 do not lose weight compared to control animals. In contrast to control animals, the lungs of vaccinated animals do not show any gross lesions. Minimal to no viral subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) and no infectious virus can be detected in lungs of vaccinated animals. Histopathological evaluation shows extensive pulmonary pathology caused by B.1.1.7 or B.1.351 replication in the control animals, but none in the vaccinated animals. These data demonstrate the effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against clinical disease caused by B.1.1.7 or B.1.351 VOCs.