bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nectria macrospora
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Booth C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Nectria macrospora
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Abies balsamea
and other species of
Pinaceae
. DISEASE: On
Pinaceae
; canker of balsam fir GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America: Canada (Quebec Province, British Columbia), USA (Oregon); Europe (Norway). TRANSMISSION: Ouellette found spread in a north westerly direction from the original island site. No evidence has been given for insect spread but this cannot be ruled out for this group of organisms.
Colletotrichum acutatum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Dyko B. J. , Mordue J. E. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Colletotrichum acutatum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Delphinium, Apium graveolens
var.
duka, Carica papaya, Parmentiera edulis, Persia americana, Fragaria, Capsicum frutescens, Juglans regia, Lycopersicon esculentum, Malus sylvestris, Solanum melongena, Flindersia brayleyana, Pinus elliottii
(46, 370),
Pinus radiata
(49, 1806),
Coffea arabica
(50, 1241),
Zinnia elegans, Z
.
haugeans
(55, 3620);
Magnolia fraseri
*,
Anemone
*,
Ranunculus
*,
Salvinia molesta
*, (*herb. IMI). DISEASE: Black spot of strawberry, terminal crook disease of pine. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Kenya, Tanzania*); Asia (Sri Lanka*); Australasia (Australia, New Zealand); N. America (USA, North Carolina*), (*herb. IMI). TRANSMISSION: Rain splash and wind (54, 2357).
Drepanopeziza ribis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Booth C. , Waller J. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Drepanopeziza ribis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Ribes
spp. DISEASE: Causes leaf spot or anthracnose of currants and gooseberries. Symptoms consist of small, dark brown, round or irregular spots scattered over the leaf surface. They may coalesce if numerous. Infected leaves may turn yellow (especially in gooseberry) and fall. Minute greyish acervuli develop in lesions on upper and lower leaf surfaces. Lesions may also occur on petioles and peduncles, where they are elongated, and on fruit. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, N. America, Japan, Australia and New Zealand (CMI Map 187, ed. 2, 1967). TRANSMISSION: By water-borne conidia produced from the
Gloeosporidiella
state on leaf lesions. Apothecia are produced from saprophytic growth on fallen diseased leaves and they produce air-borne ascospores in spring.
Nannizzia persicolor
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Stockdale P. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Nannizzia persicolor
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: The primary hosts of
N. persicolor
are various species of voles (particularly the bank vole,
Clethrionomys glareolus
), on which it usually occurs without visible signs of infection (RMVM 6, 927), males being somewhat more frequently infected than females (RMVM 12, 157; 14, 1479). It is also sometimes carried on the fur of other rodents (recorded from pipistrelle bat (RMVM 5, 2201), hamster (RMVM 12, 157), deer mouse (RMVM 14, 134), wood mouse (RMVM 6, 926), common shrew (RMVM 6, 926) and weasel (RMVM 7, 63)) without apparent infection, and has been isolated from a healthy pony (RMVM 8, 446). Ringworm caused by this species has also been recorded in the dog (RMVM 2, 1650; 6, 1920; 12, 1854), horse (RMVM 6, 3213) and man. The epidemic in guineapigs in Tunisia (RMVM 5, 498) was probably not due to
N. persicolor
(RMVM 5, 2201). The guineapig, monkey, mouse and rabbit have been infected experimentally (RMVM 1, 1739; 10, 595). It has also been isolated on a few occasions from soil (RMVM 11, 95). DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis, tinea). In the vole the most constantly infected site is the tail, which may show varying degrees of scaling and hair loss, symptoms also sometimes found on fungus-free tails (6, 927); lesions have been found only rarely on other sites. In man infection occurs mainly on exposed parts of the glabrous skin, i.e. on the face, hands (tinea manuum) and forearms and lower legs (tinea corporis). Infections of the beard area (tinea barbae), nails (tinea unguium), scalp (tinea capitis) and feet (tinea pedis) have also been recorded [see NOTES]. Lesions are scaling and usually mildly to moderately erythematous. More inflammatory lesions may occur and kerion formation has been reported in a few instances. Hair is not invaded
in vivo
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Possibly worldwide;
N. persicolor
has been recorded widely in Europe and rarely from N. America (Canada, USA), S. America (Brazil, Uruguay), Africa (Tunisia, S. Africa) and Asia (India, Israel) [see NOTES].
Trichophyton violaceum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Stockdale P. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Trichophyton violaceum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Primarily a pathogen of man (causing mycoses). Also recorded from buffalo, cat, cattle, dog and mouse (RMVM 6, 3187; 10, 505). The cat, dog, guineapig, monkey and mouse have been infected experimentally. The horse, fowl and pigeon have been implicated as hosts of
T. violaceum
. DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis, tinea). The scalp (tinea capitis), beard (tinea barbae), body (tinea corporis) and nails (tinea unguium, onychomycosis) may be infected. Infected hairs show an endothrix type of invasion and do not fluoresce under Wood's light. The hairs may break and curl producing 'black dots' on the scalp (also sometimes produced by other endothrix
Trichophyton
species). Inflammatory lesions (occasionally with the development of kerion), scarring and alopecia and, occasionally, favus-like lesions may occur. Infections of the subcutaneous tissues, lymph nodes, brain, bones and other internal tissues have been reported (RMVM 3, 1441; 4, 716; 9, 677; 11, 708; 12, 1847; 13, 961, 1572). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide. A dominant cause of scalp ringworm in S. and E. Europe, the Middle East, N. Africa, parts of Central and E. Africa, S. Africa and Asia (RMVM 10, 602; 13, 1558).
Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Diamandis S. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Abies nobilis, A. pectinata, A. sibirica, Picea abies, P. engelmannii, P. glauca, P. mariana, P. omorica, P. orientalis, P. pungens, P. schrenkiana, P. sitchensis, Pinus austriaca, P. densiflora, P. excelsa, P. montana, P. mugo, P. nigra, P. strobus, P. thunbergii, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga heterophylla
. DISEASE: Needle blight of pine and spruce. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia Japan), Europe (Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Sweden), North America (Canada: Quebec, USA). TRANSMISSION: By splash-borne conidia.
Sarea resinae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hawksworth D. L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Sarea resinae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: The apothecia and pycnidia develop on the resinous exudates from cankers and other wounds in a wide range of coniferous trees including
Cupressus macrocarpa, Larix leptolepis, Picea excelsa, P. mariana, P. sitchensis, Pinus banksii, P. contorta, P. halipensis, P. strobus, P. sylvestris
and
Pseudotsuga menzesii
. DISEASE: Although commonly found in association with exudates from cankers and other wounds it is not clear whether this fungus is a pathogen or a secondary saprophytic invader. It is been reported as causing a reddish stain ('krasnina') in wood of living spruce (Shchedrova, 1959) and wounded pines (Sokolov & Bazbenova, 1954). A few attempts have been made to inoculate twigs, but did not give rise to lesions (Ayres, 1941). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Almost certainly circumboreal in the Northern Hemisphere, occurring where coniferous trees are native or planted. Recorded at least from Austria, the British Isles, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Kenya, Nepal, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the USA and the USSR. TRANSMISSION: The conidia arise in mucilage and so must presumably be dispersed by rain trickles and/or insect vectors. In contrast the ascospores are presumed to be forcibly ejected and probably wind-dispersed.
Pseudocercospora abelmoschi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora abelmoschi
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On species of
Hibiscus
, especially
H. esculentus
. DISEASE: Causes a leaf spot or blight on
Hibiscus
spp. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda), Asia (Burma, India, Nepal, Pakistan), East Indies (Brunei, Malaya, New Hebrides, Philippines, Sarawak, Taiwan), Middle East (Yemen), Europe (Italy: San Domingo), North America (USA), West Indies (Antigua, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Vincent, Trinidad), South America (Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.
Peronospora lamii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Francis S. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Peronospora lamii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Lamium album, L. amplexicaule, L. maculatum, L. moluccellifolium, L. purpureum, Ocimum basilicum, Plectranthus parvus, Salvia officinalis, Salvia
sp.,
Satureia acinos, S. hortensis, Ziziphora capitata
. DISEASE: On
Lamium
the parasite forms distinct pale green to brown spots on the upper surface of the leaves. A dense layer of violet coloured conidiophores develops on the under surface beneath these spots. Fraymouth (1956) found, when collecting the mildew on
L. purpureum
, that the plants had a systemic infection in April while in July and August they were newly infected. Oogonia were found in the leaves in April and August.
Peronospora lamii
was reported from Uganda as causing defoliation and death of
Ocimum basilicum
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe); Asia (China, India, Israel, USSR); Europe (Austria, Britain, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR, Yugoslavia; N. America (Canada, USA); S. America (Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: No details but oospores are plentiful and presumably play their usual role in carrying the pathogen over the winter. The fact that systemically infected plants are found early in the season suggests a primary infection from oospores.
Erwinia mallotivora
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Bradbury J. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Erwinia mallotivora
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST:
Mallotus japonicus
(
Euphorbiaceae
). DISEASE: Bacterial leaf spot. The disease starts as water-soaked spots on the newly developing leaves in May and June. The spots tend to form close to the main veins. They enlarge and become angular as they are restricted by the veins, becoming dark brown, and often with a chlorotic halo about 1 mm wide. Spots may coalesce and kill the leaf, and shoot blight may also occur. Under humid conditions bacteria may exude on to the leaf surface. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Japan. TRANSMISSION: Unknown, but presumably rain splash plays a part at least in secondary spread.
Pseudocercospora arunjae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sutton B. C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora arunjae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST:
Terminalia arunja
Wight. & Arn. (
Combretaceae
). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: India. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by conidia dispersed by wind, less so by water.
Gongronella butleri
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Gongronella butleri
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: From soil. DISEASE: None as a primary pathogen of plants; encountered as a secondary invader or as a saprobe. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, Ghana, Honduras, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Malaysia, Mauritius, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nigeria, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Trinidad, Uganda, Uraguay, UK, USA (Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Wisconsin), former USSR, Zambia. TRANSMISSION: Movement of soil, or water-borne dispersal of sporangiospores.
Mortierella elongata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mortierella elongata
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: From soil. DISEASE: None as a primary pathogen of plants; encountered as a saprobe. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Taiwan, Uganda, UK, USA (Alaska, Georgia), former USSR. TRANSMISSION: Movement of soil, or water-borne dispersal of sporangiospores.
Pseudocercospora sawadae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Leung H. Y. M. , Goh T. K. , Hyde K. D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora sawadae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Psidium guajava
(
Myrtaceae
). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Brazil, India, Japan, Mauritius, Taiwan. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash-dispersal of conidia.
Fusarium flocciferum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Fusarium flocciferum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Isolated from soil. Also occurs on the roots of a wide range of plants, including temperate cereals (
Hordeum, Triticum
), legumes (
Lupinus, Pisum, Vicia
), cucurbits (
Cucumis sativus
), and others such as carrot (
Daucus carota
) and beet (
Beta vulgaris
); sometimes occurs in association with nematodes. DISEASE: Not regarded as an aggressive pathogen, but in association with nematodes may cause root lesions, damping-off, root, tuber or bulb rots. Reported to cause disorders of cultivated mushroom beds. Occasionally causes skin infections of animals (one IMI record from crocodile's tail). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread but infrequent, apparently more common in temperate regions. Reported from Asia: Bhutan, China, India, Iran, Turkey; Australasia: New Zealand; Europe: Denmark, Germany, The Netherlands, Poland, Turkey (W), UK; North America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed locally by water flow and splash droplets. Chlamydospores may be transported by movement of soil or infected plant debris. It may also be seed-borne (71, 1568).
Canavirgella banfieldii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Canavirgella banfieldii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Early-season blight of current-year needles of five-needle pines in the north-eastern USA. The disease has been widely attributed to ozone injury, or incorrectly identified as
Meloderma desmazieresii
under the earlier synonym
Hypoderma desmazieresii
. HOSTS: Leaves of
Pinus peuce, P. strobus
. Most observations are on
P. strobus
. Adjacent
P. flexilis
and
P. strobiformis
were uninfected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: USA (Maine, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions.
Meliola opuntiae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Rodríguez M. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Meliola opuntiae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Meliola opuntiae
occurs on living branches and fruits of plants weakened by other factors such as pests or diseases. In itself it apparently does not produce symptoms in the host. HOSTS:
Opuntia dillenii, O. tuna
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Jamaica. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores.
Leucostoma niveum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Leucostoma niveum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Leucostoma niveum
, especially its anamorph, is a quite common pathogen of
Populus
, colonizing bark of trees weakened by other factors and causing necrosis (poplar canker) of twigs and branches. Another pathogen,
Valsa sordida
, can be also found in the same tree. Both species may be involved in pathogenesis (Wang, 1988). HOSTS: On dead or dying, attached or fallen twigs of
Populus
, also on similar substrata of
Alnus, Betula, Carpinus, Salix
and
Sorbus
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, China, Republic of Georgia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia. Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Norway, Rumania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. North America: USA. TRANSMISSION: Both conidia and ascospores are air-borne, especially in humid conditions.
Appendiculella sororcula
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Rodríguez M. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Appendiculella sororcula
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Appendiculella sororcula
apparently does not produce symptoms of any disease. HOSTS:
Baccharis pingraea, Calea pittieri, C. solidaginea, Compositae
gen. indet.,
Eupatorium conyzoides, E. dolicholepis, E. inulaefolium, E. iresinoides, E. morifolia, E. odoratum, E. oerstedianum, E. portoricense, Eupatorium
sp.,
Liabum
sp.,
Mikania micrantha, M. scandens, Mikania
sp.,
Schistocarpha
sp. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean: Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago. Central America: Costa Rica, Honduras, Panamá. South America: Brazil, Guyana, Ecuador, Venezuela. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores.
Meliola subdentata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Rodríguez M. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Meliola subdentata
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Meliola subdentata
does not produce symptoms of any disease on the host. HOSTS:
Dracaena aurea, D. cubensis, D. multiflora, Dracaena
sp. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Philippines, Vietnam. Caribbean: Cuba. Oceania: USA (Hawaii). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores.
Penicillium spinulosum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Penicillium spinulosum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: An ubiquitous species, found in soils, decaying vegetation, foods and textiles. DISEASE: On man it has been implicated in organic dust toxic syndrome (SORENSON
et al.
, 1994). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide, principally in forest soils (DOMSCH
et al.
, 1980).
Lachnellula pseudofarinacea
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Lachnellula pseudofarinacea
, which appears to be entirely saprobic, with all observations as fruitbodies erumpent from the bark of dead twigs and small branches. Information is included on geographical distribution (Denmark, (?)Estonia, France, Germany, UK, Poland, Sweden and Ukraine) and hosts (
Pinus maritima
[
P. pinaster
],
P. pallasiana
[
Pinus nigra
var.
pallasiana
],
P. sylvestris
and
Pinus
sp.).
Septoria magnusiana
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Septoria magnusiana
, which sometimes causes lesions on
Spiraea chamaedryfolia
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (Russia), Europe (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Russia (Kursk oblast, Orel oblast) and Ukraine)) and hosts (
Spiraea chamaedryfolia
and
Spiraea
sp.).
Macrophoma ephedrae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Macrophoma ephedrae
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (USA (California), Spain, and Ukraine) and hosts (
Ephedra chilensis
,
Ephedra distachya
and
Ephedra fragilis
).
Phoma ephedrae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phoma ephedrae
, which is found on dead twigs in Spain and on dying twigs and in cracks of the bark in Ukraine. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Pakistan, Spain, and Ukraine) and hosts (
Ephedra distachya, Ephedra procera
and
Ephedra
sp.).
Amerosporium concinnum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Amerosporium concinnum
, which is found on dead remains of various plants, but it has also been isolated from grassland soil in Spain. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Mexico, USA (Texas), China (Shaanxi), Iran, Turkey, Georgia, Greece, Portugal, Spain, and Ukraine) and hosts (
Ceratocladium purpureogriseum
,
Phomopsis brunaudiana
,
Torula herbarum
f.
quaternella
,
Acer oliverianum
,
Alhagi pseudalhagi
,
Arundo phragmitis
,
Bambusa
sp.,
Cichorium intybus
,
Citrus
sp.,
Echinops
sp.,
Ephedra distachya
,
Foeniculum vulgare
,
Stenotaphrum secundatum
,
Vitis vinifera
, and
Ziziphora serpyllaceae
).