bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association between Factor XI Deficiency and the Risk of Bleeding, Cardiovascular, and Venous Thromboembolic Events
Authors: Sharman Moser Sarah , Chodick Gabriel , Ni Yan G. , Chalothorn Dan , Wang Ming-Dauh , Shuldiner Alan R. , Morton Lori , Salomon Ophira , Jalbert Jessica J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the relationship between factor XI (FXI) deficiency and the risks of bleeding and cardiovascular (CV) events. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS). We identified adults with FXI deficiency (severe: <15%, partial: 15 to <50%, any deficiency: <50%) that had been tested for FXI between 2007 and 2018 and matched to patients from the general MHS population. We estimated 10-year risks of outcomes using the Kaplan–Meier approach. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we compared outcomes among patients with versus without FXI deficiency. Less than 10% of patients tested for FXI activity had activity levels <50% (mean age: 39 years; 72.2% females). Compared with the general population, patients with any FXI deficiency were at higher risk of severe bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 2.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–5.81; 10-year risk: 1.90%, 95% CI: 0.50–3.20% vs. 0.90%, 95% CI: 0.50–1.30%) and clinically relevant nonsevere bleeding (CRNSB) (aHR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.08–1.97; 10-year risk: 11.60%, 95% CI: 8.30–14.80% vs. 9.20%, 95% CI: 8.00–10.40%). Severe FXI deficiency was associated with a greater risk of CRNSB. While few CV events (N = 2) and venous thromboembolisms (VTE) (N = 1) were observed in the FXI overall deficient group, there was a nonsignificant negative association between any FXI deficiency and CV events (aHR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.13–2.36) and VTEs (aHR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.06–3.47). Overall FXI deficiency was associated with an increased risk of severe bleeding and CRNSB. Further research is warranted to explore the lower risk of CV and VTE among patients with FXI deficiency compared with the general population.
Hyperhomocysteinemia and Ischemic Stroke: A Potential Dose-Response Association—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Holmen Marte , Hvas Anne-Mette , Arendt Johan F. H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and Purpose Previous studies suggest an association between increased homocysteine (Hcy) and risk of ischemic stroke. Yet, it remains unknown whether a dose-response association exists between Hcy levels and risk of ischemic stroke.Methods Systematic literature searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were studies investigating ischemic stroke risk in an adult population with measured Hcy levels. We computed odds ratios (ORs) for a 5 µmol/L increase in Hcy levels using a random effects meta-analysis.Results In total, 108 studies met the inclusion criteria of which 22 were rated as high-quality studies, and 20 studies included a dose-response analysis. Hcy levels were analyzed either as a continuous or categorical variable. The majority of the studies found an increased risk of ischemic stroke when comparing the highest-to-lowest Hcy strata. A graded association was observed over the Hcy strata, indicating a dose-response association, with the most apparent effect when Hcy levels exceeded approximately 15 µmol/L. No studies explored a potential nonlinear association between Hcy levels and ischemic stroke. Six studies were included in a meta-analysis, showing an OR of 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–1.61) per 5 µmol/L increase in Hcy levels.Conclusion This review and meta-analysis indicate a dose-response association between Hcy levels and ischemic stroke. An evident increase in effect measures was observed when Hcy levels exceeded 15 µmol/L, indicating a nonlinear association between ischemic stroke and Hcy levels. This nonlinear association warrants further study.This study is registered with clinical trial ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ ; unique identifier: CRD42019130371).
Nuclear receptor NR5A2 negatively regulates cell proliferation and tumor growth in nervous system malignancies
Authors: Gkikas Dimitrios , Stellas Dimitris , Polissidis Alexia , Manolakou Theodora , Kokotou Maroula G. , Kokotos George , Politis Panagiotis K. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Glioblastomas and neuroblastomas are aggressive cancer types with poor prognosis. Identification of druggable factors that inhibit these tumors will contribute to new therapies. Our data show that nuclear receptor NR5A2 suppresses the growth of glioblastomas and neuroblastomas. This function is facilitated by the ability of NR5A2 to induce critical cell cycle inhibitors including p21, p27, and Prox1. Two small molecule agonists of NR5A2, dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine, and diundecanoyl phosphatidylcholine can mimic its antitumor effect. Our results identify NR5A2 as a potential drug target in nervous system–related cancers.
How top-down and bottom-up attention modulate risky choice
Authors: Vanunu Yonatan , Hotaling Jared M. , Le Pelley Mike E. , Newell Ben R. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
How much are we in control of our decisions? The current study explores how goal-relevant (top-down) and perceptual features (bottom-up) govern the distribution of attention in risky choice. Findings from participants’ choices, eye movements, and computational modeling analysis show that while salient perceptual features can influence the acquisition of information, their influence on choice is limited to situations in which those features are tied to potential outcomes of the decision. When such features are not tied to outcomes, their influence is suppressed by top-down control. These results suggest, contrary to popular accounts, that perceptual salience can induce bottom-up effects of overt selection, but the perceived value of information is the crucial arbiter of intentional control over choice.
Diseases and pests.
Authors: Thompson Anthony Keith , Oduro Ibok 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

This chapter describes the different diseases and pests that affect yams and various methods for their control. It particularly covers the following aspects: field fungal diseases; postharvest fungal diseases; specific fungal diseases; control of fungal diseases; bacterial diseases; viral diseases; physiological disorders; insect pests; and nematode pests.
Whose voice matters in the teaching and learning of IPE? Implications for policy and policy making
Authors: Cochrane Logan , Oloruntoba Samuel O 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Critical decolonial assessments of International Political Economy (IPE) curricula have found a continued dominance of Euro-Western perspectives. However, these critical assessments have often been of specific programs or courses. In this article, we open the canvas wider in our quantitative assessment of privilege and marginalization, by conducting an analysis of IPE curricula from universities from around the world as well as of one of the most widely used introductory textbooks in the field. We find that scholars based outside of the Euro-West are marginal, while those based in the Euro-West continue to be dominant – in all the assessed course offerings. We also find that female voices are marginal, in all locations. Knowledge production systems privilege Euro-Western male voices and perspectives, furthering a process of systemic cognitive and epistemic injustices. Building upon our analysis of teaching and learning content, this article critically reflects on the implications of when IPE meets policy, and offers avenues for the policy engagement to avoid the same processes of privileging and marginalizing, and thereby better situating policy making to avoid repeating failures resulting from the identified entrenched biases.
Benchmarking the calculation of electrically insulating properties of complex gas mixtures using a multi-term Boltzmann equation model
Authors: Flynn M , Neuber A , Stephens J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The accurate calculation of DC breakdown voltage thresholds solely from elementary electron-neutral interactions in complex gas mixtures using a multi-term Boltzmann equation (BE) kinetic model is demonstrated. SF6:N2 mixtures in the 100 Td < E/N < 400 Td field regime are explored to benchmark the model’s effectiveness. A ten-term BE model is found to yield DC breakdown voltages which, on average, agree within 3% of experimental measurements. A two-term BE model is also applied in order to characterize the error introduced in all calculations by the two-term approximation. These discrepancies are largest in pure N2 where error is greater than 10% for diffusion coefficients, within 6% for particular vibrational rate coefficients, and within 5% for breakdown voltages. However, this error falls to within 1% for most parameters and breakdown voltages in mixtures with large SF6 content.
Investigation of water-mediated intermolecular interactions with the adaptive resolution simulation technique
Authors: Delle Site Luigi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We use the adaptive resolution simulation (AdResS) technique to estimate the region in space where water-mediated effects in molecule–molecule interactions are relevant. AdResS is employed to identify the region around the solute (solvation shell) where the atomistic details of the hydrogen bonding network are relevant while outside water plays the role of a thermodynamic bath that can be described at simplified macroscopic level. The consequence is that for the interaction of two solutes the intermolecular distance at which water mediated effects start to be relevant is represented by the sum of the radii of the two respective solvation shells identified via AdResS. The hypothesis formulated above will be proven by calculating the solute-solute potential of mean force for different solutes. As test molecules we use amino acids derived from fragments of the FCHo2-F-BAR domain protein; this choice stems from the fact that the current results, beside proving the technical capability of AdResS in this context, may provide data for future actual coarse-grained models.
Effect of self-heating on small-signal parameters of In0.53Ga0.47As based gate-all-around MOSFETs
Authors: Srinivas P S T N , Kumar Arun , Kumar Tiwari Pramod 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, the effect of self-heating on small-signal parameters of In0.53Ga0.47As based gate-all-around nanowire MOSFETs is explored using thermally calibrated simulation results. The effects of interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) of Al2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As interface, the number of nanowires (N), and ambient temperature

(

T

A

)

on RF performance metrics such as transition frequency

(

f

t

)

, max-oscillation frequency

(

f

max

)

, intrinsic current gain

(

h

21

)

, power gain (maximum available gain/maximum stable gain), and transconductance

(

g

m

)

are thoroughly investigated in order to assess the self-heating induced degradation. The impact of self-heating has also been observed on small-signal parameters such as C
gd, C
gs, R
gd, R
gs, and τ. Transition frequency and maximum oscillation frequency decrease significantly when lattice temperature rises because of self-heating. The order of ITR for Al2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As interface has been reported to be

10

−
5

cm

2

K

W

−
1

in the technical literature. Increasing ITR from 10−5 to

10

−
4

cm

2

K

W

−
1

decreases f
t and f
max by 12 and 70 GHz, respectively.
Improving the stellarator through advances in plasma theory
Authors: Hegna C.C. , Anderson D.T. , Bader A. , Bechtel T.A. , Bhattacharjee A. , Cole M. , Drevlak M. , Duff J.M. , Faber B.J. , Hudson S.R. , Kotschenreuther M. , Kruger T.G. , Landreman M. , McKinney I.J. , Paul E. , Pueschel M.J. , Schmitt J.S. , Terry P.W. , Ware A.S. , Zarnstorff M. , Zhu C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Improvements to the stellarator concept can be realized through advancements in theoretical and computational plasma physics. Herein, recent advances are reported in the topical areas of: (1) improved energetic ion confinement, (2) the impact of three-dimensional (3D) shaping on turbulent transport, (3) reducing coil complexity, (4) novel optimization and design methods, and (5) computational magnetohydrodynamic tools. These advances enable the development of new stellarator configurations with improved confinement properties.
Two- and three-terminal HfO2-based multilevel resistive memories for neuromorphic analog synaptic elements
Authors: Kang Heebum , Park Jinah , Lee Dokyung , Kim Hyun Wook , Jin Sol , Ahn Minjoon , Woo Jiyong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Synaptic elements based on memory devices play an important role in boosting neuromorphic system performance. Here, we show two types of fab-friendly HfO2 material-based resistive memories categorized by configuration and an operating principle for a suitable analog synaptic device aimed at inference and training of neural networks. Since the inference task is mainly related to the number of states from a recognition accuracy perspective, we first demonstrate multilevel cell (MLC) properties of compact two-terminal resistive random-access memory (RRAM). The resistance state can be finely subdivided into an MLC by precisely controlling the evolution of conductive filament constructed by the local movement of oxygen vacancies. Specifically, we investigate how the thickness of the HfO2-switching layer is related to an MLC, which is understood by performing physics-based modeling in MATLAB from a microscopic view. Meanwhile, synaptic devices driven by an interfacial switching mechanism instead of local filamentary dynamics are preferred for training accelerated neuromorphic systems, where the analogous transition of each state ensures high accuracy. Thus, we introduce three-terminal electrochemical random-access memory that facilitates mobile ions across the entire HfO2 switching area uniformly, resulting in highly controllable and gradually tuned current proportional to the amount of migrated ions.
Ischaemic Heart Disease and Occupational Exposures: A Longitudinal Linkage Study in the General and Māori Populations of New Zealand
Authors: Barnes Lucy A , Eng Amanda , Corbin Marine , Denison Hayley J , ‘t Mannetje Andrea , Haslett Stephen , McLean Dave , Ellison-Loschmann Lis , Jackson Rod , Douwes Jeroen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study assessed associations between occupational exposures and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) for males and females in the general and Māori populations (indigenous people of New Zealand).

Methods
Two surveys of the general adult [New Zealand Workforce Survey (NZWS); 2004–2006; n = 3003] and Māori population (Māori NZWS; 2009–2010; n = 2107), with information on occupational exposures, were linked with administrative health data and followed-up until December 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression (adjusted for age, deprivation, and smoking) was used to assess associations between organizational factors, stress, and dust, chemical and physical exposures, and IHD.

Results
Dust [hazard ratio (HR) 1.6, 95%CI 1.1–2.4], smoke or fumes (HR 1.5, 1.0–2.3), and oils and solvents (HR 1.5, 1.0–2.3) were associated with IHD in NZWS males. A high frequency of awkward or tiring hand positions was associated with IHD in both males and females of the NZWS (HRs 1.8, 1.1–2.8 and 2.4, 1.1–5.0, respectively). Repetitive tasks and working at very high speed were associated with IHD among NZWS females (HRs 3.4, 1.1–10.4 and 2.6, 1.2–5.5, respectively). Māori NZWS females working with vibrating tools and those exposed to a high frequency of loud noise were more likely to experience IHD (HRs 2.3, 1.1–4.8 and 2.1, 1.0–4.4, respectively). Exposure to multiple dust and chemical factors was associated with IHD in the NZWS males, as was exposure to multiple physical factors in males and females of the NZWS.

Conclusions
Exposures associated with an elevated IHD risk included dust, smoke or fumes, oils and solvents, awkward grip or hand movements, carrying out repetitive tasks, working at very high speed, loud noise, and working with tools that vibrate. Results were not consistently observed for males and females and between the general and Māori populations.
Suppression of Low-Frequency Gamma Oscillations by Activation of 40-Hz Oscillation
Authors: Sugiyama Shunsuke , Taniguchi Tomoya , Kinukawa Tomoaki , Takeuchi Nobuyuki , Ohi Kazutaka , Shioiri Toshiki , Nishihara Makoto , Inui Koji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Gamma oscillations have received considerable attention owing to their association with cognitive function and various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, interactions of gamma oscillations at different frequency bands in humans remain unclear. In the present magnetoencephalographic study, brain oscillations in a wide frequency range were examined using a time-frequency analysis during the 20-, 30-, 40-, and 50-Hz auditory stimuli in 21 healthy subjects. First, dipoles for auditory steady-state response (ASSR) were estimated and interaction among oscillations at 10–60 Hz was examined using the source strength waveforms. Results showed the suppression of ongoing low-gamma oscillations at approximately 30 Hz during stimulation at 40 Hz. Second, multi-dipole analyses suggested that the main dipole for ASSR and dipoles for suppressed low-frequency gamma oscillations were distinct. Third, an all-sensor analysis was performed to clarify the distribution of the 40-Hz ASSR and suppression of low-frequency gamma oscillations. Notably, the area of suppression surrounded the center of the 40-Hz ASSR and showed a trend of extending to the vertex, indicating that different groups of neurons were responsible for these two gamma oscillations and that the 40-Hz oscillation circuit have specific inhibitory innervation to the low-gamma circuit.
Big mitral annular calcification: a case report of a dynamic liquefaction necrosis as a potential source of embolism
Authors: Frey Simon M , Hofmann Verena , Zellweger Michael J , Haaf Philip 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a degenerative, mostly asymptomatic abnormality usually in elderly patients. Caseous MAC (cMAC) is a rare form with central liquefaction necrosis, which typically involves the posterior annulus of the mitral valve and can cause serious sequelae. However, optimal management of patients with cMAC is not clearly defined.Case summary In a 71-year-old female patient, MAC was incidentally detected. Tissue characterization with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) revealed a cMAC and a conservative approach was chosen. Six months after cMAC diagnosis, the patient developed an acute hemi-occlusion of a retinal artery with cholesterol embolism. At this time, CMR showed a liquefied cavity of the cMAC. Except for atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta and carotid arteries, further stroke work-up was negative. Therefore, the conservative approach was continued. During follow-up, the liquefied cavity regressed completely after another 6 months and the patient was free from further events (total follow-up 3 years since diagnosis of cMAC).Discussion A clear diagnosis and quantitative assessment of dynamic processes, such as cMAC, are made possible by performing CMR with multi-parametric tissue characterization. Dynamic changes in cMAC may have serious clinical implications, such as mitral regurgitation or systemic embolization. Among cardiac tumours, thrombus and abscess, cMAC should be included in the differential diagnosis of an intracardiac mass of the posterior mitral annulus in order to avoid further inappropriate diagnostic interventions.
Reassessing the development of cori spezzati: new discoveries in Bologna
Authors: Morucci Valerio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
For a long time, musicology viewed early polychoral music (cori spezzati) as a Venetian tradition invented by the famous composer and noted teacher Adrian Willaert. Scholars later suggested that this technique was first used by native Italian composers of the Veneto and Lombardy regions between the second and third decades of the 16th century. This idea contributed to the shaping of our perception that the embryonic stage of cori spezzati was confined to northern Italy. Meanwhile, new sources have come to light. Recent research has demonstrated that early polychoral music also flourished in central Italy, and that this development should therefore be placed in a wider geographical context. Nevertheless, music historians have not yet fully investigated the emergence of polychoral music in Europe. In spite of valuable studies, the phenomenon of 16th- and 17th-century polychorality is still largely under-studied, and underestimated both in its extent and in its cultural significance. Based on a group of newly discovered manuscripts preserved in the Basilica of San Petronio, this article illuminates the genesis of cori spezzati in Bologna. I argue that its origins can be traced back to the first half of the 16th century, thus enlarging the northern Italian area normally considered as the epicentre of the phenomenon. I show that San Petronio (although not the first) was an important centre in the initial stages of this musical tradition. In so doing, this study contributes to a rebalancing of the Venice-centric view that still dominates the perception of polychorality among scholars, performers and audiences.
Towards Equitable Surgical Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of Disparities in Surgery for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Booth Alexander , Ford Wilson , Brennan Emily , Magwood Gayenell , Forster Erin , Curran Thomas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Existing evidence for disparities in inflammatory bowel disease is fragmented and heterogenous. Underlying mechanisms for differences in outcomes based on race and socioeconomic status remain undefined. We performed a systematic review of the literature to examine disparities in surgery for inflammatory bowel disease in the United States.

Methods
Electronic databases were searched from 2000 through June 11, 2021, to identify studies addressing disparities in surgical treatment for adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Eligible English-language publications comparing the use or outcomes of surgery by racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, geographic, and/or institutional factors were included. Studies were grouped according to whether outcomes of surgery were reported or surgery itself was the relevant end point (utilization). Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies.

Results
Forty-five studies were included. Twenty-four reported surgical outcomes and 21
addressed utilization. Race/ethnicity was considered in 96% of studies, socioeconomic status in 44%, geographic factors in 27%, and hospital/surgeon factors in 22%. Although study populations and end points were heterogeneous, Black and Hispanic patients were less likely to undergo abdominal surgery when hospitalized; they were more likely to have a complication when they did have surgery. Differences based on race were correlated with socioeconomic factors but frequently remained significant after adjustments for insurance and baseline health.

Conclusions
Surgical disparities based on sociologic and structural factors reflect unidentified differences in multidisciplinary disease management. A broad, multidimensional approach to disparities research with more granular and diverse data sources is needed to improve health care quality and equity for inflammatory bowel disease.