bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of the Development of a Powerful Convective Cloud Based on a Three-dimensional Model with Explicit Microphysics and Taking into Account Electrical Coagulation
Authors: Shapovalov V A , Bekkiev K M , Shapovalov A V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the calculation of electrical parameters in a three-dimensional mathematical model of a convective cloud with detailed consideration of thermodynamic, microphysical and electrical processes. The formation of electric charges occurs due to freezing of droplets and accretion processes of liquid and solid particles. The calculated values of volume charges are used to determine the potential of the electric field. A three-dimensional Poisson equation is solved for this purpose - at each step of numerical integration of the model’s system of equations. The values of the electric field strength in discrete cloud cells at each time step are also taken into account when adjusting the coefficients of gravitational coagulation of cloud particles using appropriate multipliers. Some results of calculations of microstructural parameters of the cloud at different stages of development are presented with and without taking into account the electrical coagulation of cloud particles.
An Efficient Wave Approach for Simulating the Propagation of Impulsive Signals in Hydroacoustic Waveguides on the Sea Shelf
Authors: Lisyutin V A , Yaroshenko A A , Lastovenko O R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper proposes an efficient wave method for simulating the propagation of impulsive signals in hydroacoustic waveguides of the sea shelf. The method of normal modes calculates the acoustic field in a wide frequency band. Then the inverse Fourier transform of the acoustic field is performed and the impulse response of the waveguide is restored. The signal replica is then calculated as a convolution of the impulse response and the signal. The advantages of this approach are as follows. Convolution is cyclical – there are no restrictions on the duration of the signal. Not only calculated, but also experimentally determined impulse response can be used. At the discretion of the researcher, the fields of individual modes can be excluded, add noise in the frequency or time domain, simulate the movement of the source, the impact of wind waves. Restriction - conditions for uniformity of the waveguide along the distance. A number of examples are considered, in which the possibility of determining the acoustic properties of the bottom is studied.
The Development of a Pectin Extraction Technology for Pea Hulls to Expand the Raw Material Base for the Production of Functional Foods in Russia
Authors: Shelepina N V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pectin is one of the vital products on the global market due to the increased demand for natural and functional ingredients. The prospective growth of pectin demand from food manufacturers in Russia exceeds the current consumption by manifold because products based on it can be used for disease treatment and prevention. Therefore, it is necessary to restore the production of pectin from Russian-made raw materials. Secondary materials are a promising resource for pectin extraction. There is a scientifically justified and developed pectin extraction technology based on pea grain hulls from pea varieties cultivated at the Federal Research Center for Leguminous and Cereal Crops (Oryol, Russia). The pectin extraction conditions were selected taking into account the physical and morphological properties of pea grain hulls. The implementation of this technology will allow obtaining high-quality pectins that can be used as a gelling component in the production of functional jelly foods.
Large-Eddy Simulations of Heat Transfer in the Tube Bundle
Authors: Hayrullin A R , Haibullina A I , Ilyin V K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The tubular heat exchangers are widespread in the oil industry, therefore, the numerical simulation of the flow around a tube bundle is important. In this article, the LES method is used to study heat transfer in a ten-row in-line tube bundle in cross-flow. LES Smagorinsky, LES WALE and LES WM techniques in the numerical simulation were used. The Reynolds number Re was 2400, and the Prandtl number Pr was 7.33. The streamwise spacing-to-diameter ratio of the tube bundle was 1.3, transverse was 2.6. The local heat transfer characteristics of the eighth row are compared with the experimental data. The best agreement with the experimental data was obtained using the LES WALE and LES WM techniques.
Study of the Immobilizing Capacity of Humic Substances in Soils at Oil Contamination
Authors: Sarapulova G I 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAgro- and physico-chemical analysis of three types of soils was carried out. It has been shown that the pH value for dark gray soil is 5.5 and characterizes it as more acidic compared to gray soil (pH = 6.0) and black soil (rich soil) (pH = 6.5). Molecular masses and sizes of colloidal micelles of humic substances from soil samples were determined. It is shown that the size of humic micelles in three types of soils is different and is inversely related to pH -the lower the pH value, the larger the micelles. The presence of a direct relationship between the efficiency of immobilization of oil particles in soil and the size of micelles of humic structures was revealed. This factor determines the effectiveness of oil pollution remediation. New dependencies have been obtained that can be used to predict the consequences of oil pollution, as well as to develop a targeted action technology for soil cleaning. The prospects of using the scientific approach for practical purposes are shown. Knowing the obtained dependences, it is possible to control the formation of large micelles and create optimal technological conditions for the sorption of oil by particles in each type of soil. The results are of fundamental importance, contribute to the ecological chemistry of soils and contribute to an in-depth understanding of the interaction of bioremediates with oil.
Improvements in Labour Safety Management: Efficiency of Industrial Control Organization and Implementation, Occupational Risks Assessment (by the Example of Food Industry Enterprise)
Authors: Tikhonova O V , Kitova E T , Zikina M O 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The labour safety management system (LSMS) at many enterprises is absent or does not work effectively, although it is an essential component of the safe work organization. In this connection, one of the basic mechanisms is the systematization of activities in the field of industrial control, as well as in the occupational risk management. This article proposes a methodological approach to improving labour protection at a food enterprise. In the implementation if this approach the following tasks have been completed: the most significant information elements of the LSMS have been identified and the least studied information element have been identified; identification of hazards and risks assessment based on production control data and special assessment of working conditions was carried out; the ranking of the assessment of the conditions of possible risk at workplaces was carried out; a risk management strategy for the enterprise was developed. The results of the proposed research support the effectiveness and prospects of the developed approach.
Ecological and Epidemiological Status of Drinking Water in Chechen Republic
Authors: Abumuslimov A A , Aishanov S K , Yahikhazhiev S K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the issues of ecological and epidemiological status of drinking water for the territory of the Chechen Republic. Studies of a number of samples of drinking water at various sites of resource-supplying organizations on the territory of the Republic were carried out. Certain deviations from the norms corresponding to sanitary requirements for water pipes and their unsatisfactory condition were revealed. There is an unsatisfactory provision of the population of the Republic with quality drinking water.
First Data on Isotopy and Mineralogical Features Ores Kumirnogo Silver Deposit (Russia, Primorsky Region)
Authors: Ivin V V , Medvedev E I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lockated in the noth part of Primorsky region, the Kumirnoe silver deposit is very interesting object from a geological point of view. Data about isotopic mineralogical characteristics of its ore mineralization was first presented in this essay. More than 80 ore bodies are known at the deposit. They mostly contain quartz, hydromica, sericite, adularia, chlorite, montmorillonite and kaolinite. Ore mineralization is represented by silver-bearing minerals: acanthite, pyrirargyrite, polybasite, stephanite, freibergite, selenium-containing aguilarite and eletrum. The obtained isotope data indicate that sulfur composition is close to meteorite standard, this is indicated by the narrow positive interval of its sulfur ratios (2,0-2,8‰). It gives the reason to assume that homogeneous hydrothermal ore-forming solutions participated in its formation. Its comparison with isotopic data of gold-silver deposits located in the continental marginal volcano-plutonic belts (Ducat, Mnogovershinnoe, Sergeevskoye) shows that the formation of the Kumirnoe deposit was at the same time: Cretaceous- Paleogene, it’s possible it was under similar geological conditions. This is confirmed by the age data obtained by us earlier for Kumirnoe deposit (it matches Cretaceous- Paleogene).
Potato Breeding for Resistance to Globodera Rostochiensis in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Authors: Likhnenko S V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Potatoes are a strategically important agricultural crop. Potatoes, a staple food in the North Caucasus, is used for fodder and technical purposes. It is grown in the mountains and foothills. For potato growing in the Caucasus region, the potential danger is represented by external and internal quarantine pest: Golden nematode. Infestation of fields with this pest reduces the area of potato production. Fighting them with chemicals pollutes the environment. For food security and reducing environmental pollution, it is necessary to create sustainable productive varieties adapted to the conditions of the North Caucasus. Potato breeding in North Caucasus Institute of Hill and Mountain Agriculture has been conducted since 1928. Since 1991, breeding has been conducted for resistance to Golden nematode. Stable varieties and hybrids were created: Vladikavkazsky, Bars, Shcherbininsky, hybrids 04.573/1, 03.560/4. In practical breeding, foreign and domestic varieties were used as parent forms in the genome of which there are dominant resistance genes: Hertha, Sante, Nikita, Romano, Saphir, Premier, Kristall, Ausonia, Impala, Kadria, Hydra, Carlena, 71.17.06. Molecular screening of 45 samples of 5 hybrid combinations; Roko x Romano, Vladikavkaz x Prolisok, Nikulin x Ausonia, Roko x Adretta, Bars x Adretta revealed donor genotypes with resistance genes (HI, GroI-4). The hybrids are characterized by their economic and valuable characteristics.
Development of Solar Energy and Its Place in the Energy Sector of the Republic of Buryatia
Authors: Badmaev A G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Solar energy is one of the priority directions for the development of alternative energy. This is facilitated by climatic characteristics. Buryatia has up to 300 sunny days a year. The amount of solar radiation in Buryatia is 4-5 kWh per m2/day (Fig. 1), and the duration of sunshine is more than 2000 hours per year (Fig. 2). Three investment companies are already operating in Buryatia: LLC “Avelar Solar Technology”, LLC “Complex Industry” and LLC “Green Energy Rus” (Table 2), which in the period of 2017-2019 have already built 5 solar power plants (SPP) with a capacity of 70 MW and a total cost of 8.7 billion rubles (more than $115 mln1). To date, the share of SPP capacity of the total capacity of Buryatia is 4.81%. Until 2022, it is planned to commission another 7 SPPs with a capacity of 155 MW, thus increasing the total capacity to 225 MW (Table 2) and the share to 14%, if the situation with CHPP-2 does not change. All SPP capacities are being introduced into the general energy system of the Southern energy district of the Republic of Buryatia, and will not be isolated energy systems.
Optimizing the Power Supply System of the Gas Well Clusters by Choosing a Progressive Voltage Class Considering the Total Life Cycle of a Gas Field
Authors: Bogachkov I M , Khamitov R N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper outlines the issue of correctly choosing the voltage class for power supply of the gas well clusters considering all periods of the life cycle of the Western Siberia gas fields. The voltage class incorrectly chosen at the design stage hinders the life cycle of a gas field. The paper considers the gas field process flow sheet for each period of its life cycle. Using the experimental design theory, mathematical models have been developed for calculating the optimal voltage class and discounted costs for the gas well cluster power supply system. An algorithm for choosing the optimal voltage has been developed, and an example of calculating the optimal voltage for the distribution networks of the Western Siberia gas fields is given. A progressive voltage class for the distribution networks has been proposed. Conclusions have been drawn.
Gas Turbine Driven GPU Diagnostics by the Gas Path Parameters
Authors: Inozemtsev D A , Velichko E I , Bunyakin A V , Muzykantova A V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The issue of diagnostics of a gas turbine engine path is mainly related to the complexity of direct measurements inside it under operating conditions. The spaces between the axial compressor stages and the turbine expansion stages are small, characterized by an intense gas flow (for the turbine, also high temperatures), and vane wheels are rapidly rotating in close proximity to them. Therefore, installation, routine operational testing, and replacing sensors are difficult, moreover, any violation of body part integrity entails a change in stiffness and, as a result, the risk of destruction from vibrations. In this case, the mathematical simulation techniques gain special relevance, which provide the missing parameters required to estimate the gas path conditions as a result of calculations and allow the diagnostics–forecasting the development of destructions or the consequences of malfunctions. The paper represents one of such techniques and provides data on its application for diagnostics of a gas turbine engine–a GPU (gas pumping unit) drive with a free turbine.
Technological Process of Interaction of the Brush Rod with the Surface of the Root Crop
Authors: Sabiev U K , Khuzin I R , Soyunov A S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Before feeding, forage root crops must first be cleaned of dirt. The use of machines for dry cleaning of root crops reduces energy and labor costs, and is also cost-effective compared to cleaners based on the hydro-mechanical cleaning principle. This article presents the technological process of interaction of the brush rod with the surface of the root crop. Three cases are considered: “absolutely rigid rod”, “absolutely flexible” and real. The forces on the surface of the root crop when exposed to rods of different stiffness are indicated. An equation is proposed for determining the work of destruction when separating the polluting particles from the treated surface. It is noted that zootechnically acceptable cleaning quality with an acceptable amount of feed mass loss can be obtained only at a certain speed of rotation of the internal drum-brush. The brush working body (rod) must have sufficient rigidity for the required shear force and must be elastic in order to follow the surface of the root and be able to remove dirt from various depressions, eliminating the possibility of injury to protruding parts on the surface of root crops.
Ecotoxicological Impact Assessment of Micro-Sized Coal Particles on Zooplanktonic Crustacean Artemia Salina
Authors: Tretyakova M O , Pikula K S , Yu Kirichenko K , Golokhvast K S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Micro-sized coal particles caused pollution of the aquatic environment in the area of marine coal terminals. In this work, we investigated the impact of micro-sized coal particles (<20 µm, 20-100 µm, 100-250 µm, and 250-500 µm fractions) on the viability of zooplanktonic crustacean Artemia salina. The nauplii of A. salina were exposed to particles of four different types of coal at concentrations from 100 to 5000 mg/L at static and shaking conditions. During 96 h of exposure, there were no pronounced toxicological effects of coal in the used concentrations. However, the observed absorption of the coal particles in the guts of A. salina may cause various abnormalities in the longer-term experiment.
Construction of Flow Control Structures as an Essential Condition for Increasing the Efficiency of Hydropower Facilities in Mountainous Regions
Authors: Kalov R , Kiloev D , Elmurzaev R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The hydropower industry of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (KBR) is weakened by the absence of flow control structures. Due to the extremely weak flow control of the mountain rivers utilized by hydropower structures, the total production and economic effect of the operating power units is rather low. This circumstance determines the highest seasonal variability of the annual flow — compared to summer months, the capacity of power plants is reduced in winter by almost 5–6 times. It is obvious that it is almost impossible to utilize the entire capacity of river flows. At the same time, it is unacceptable when no more than 20% of the flow capacity is actually used, which leads to extremely low efficiency of expensive power units. The objective of this research is to study the engineering and economical feasibility of controlling the flow of mountain rivers of KBR, to study the possibility of creating an optimal water pressure by constructing water storage facilities, to assess mountain-valley landscapes and select specific cross-sections for the construction of priority flow control facilities. To achieve this objective, the following tasks were solved: - study the conditions of water flow control for glacier-fed mountain rivers; - formulate preliminary flow control schemes within the selected cross-sections; - assess natural properties of watercourses and their relevance for the construction of flow control facilities; search high-mountain lakes suitable for river flow accumulation in the first approximation; - substantiate a suitable sequence of construction of flow control facilities; - assess the approaches to seasonal and long-term water flow rate forecasting as an essential condition for optimizing the operation of hydropower units.
Soil Cutting by a Chisel Plough with Self-Oscillations: Process Analysis
Authors: Zaripova N A , Soyunov A S , Algazin D N , Kulaeva A G , Kuzmin D E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of analytical studies. It describes the basics of modeling the chisel plough and soil interaction; it further analyzes the hypothesis of how soil is deformed. To reduce the draught of the implement, the authors propose using elastic cutter mounts to induce self-oscillations. The paper derives the amplitude of such oscillations expressed in terms of the cutter tilt angle α(t) and the moment of all forces acting on the cutter on the soil side.
Modeling of Normativity of Criteria of Technical Level of Forage Harvesters Combines
Authors: Rogovskii I L , Titova L L , Sokolova V A , Andronov A V , Avagyan D M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of analytical calculations of methods for assessing the technical level of agricultural machinery products with their prospective standardization of forage harvesterscombines.From the author’s point of view, it would be rational to assess the technical level as a function of the rate of change of indicators that determine the development of this type of equipment over a limited period of time, for example, over the life of the forage harvesterscombines. During this period, as a rule, you can consider the performance of two or three generations of this type of forage harvesters combines. Investigating the rate of change of parameters of a certain chronological series of analytical objects as an indicator of technical level, we can conclude that the difference in the rate of change of an indicator has the degree of influence of each indicator on the formation of initial properties that determine the ability of this technique at each stage of its development to meet the specific requirements of consumers. That is, only important indicators are subject to improvement or development. If the indicator is improving at an accelerated pace, it means that the importance of factors such as manufacturability or world conditions.
High-Speed Efficient and Compact Screw Grain Conveyors in Agriculture
Authors: Kokieva G E , Badmaev Z V , Hamarova S V , Trofimova V S , Ivanova M N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Improving the efficiency as well as reliability of reaping threshers results in the enhanced efficiency of cereal harvesting. To make the agroindustrial complex as a whole and agriculture, in particular, more efficient, new advanced technologies are necessary. These technologies are based upon the members of modern machines for soil preparation, seeding, crop tending and all harvesting machinery. However, the implementation of their design program is virtually stagnating due to the lack of funding which restricts the forming and development of market and production relations in the agroindustrial complex in their civilized forms on the basis of the advanced technology and new technique. The article provides the research on the way to improve the efficiency of the screw-type conveyor; this allows building a compact design by means of increasing the number of conveyor rotations. The authors describe a technology of operation of grain conveyors and study their operation mechanism and point to their operation deficiencies consisting, in particular, in the lacking opportunities to transfer grain for long distances along the spatial road or complicates a process flow sheet. In addition, operation at loading directly from the heap requires manual labor or additional equipment.
Application of Zeolite on Natural Upland Meadow Polluted by Cesium-137
Authors: Romanenko A A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nuclear pollution of the territory occurred as a result of Chernobyl disaster caused the whole range of issues for agricultural production. One of them was the use of natural meadow ecosystems polluted by cesium-137 as hay fields and pastures. The standing grass crop of natural meadows accumulates more radionuclides than the standing grass crop grown on the soil treated by agricultural tools. Due to this, the search for available, effective and economically beneficial measures providing harvesting of products complying with standard values on natural meadows is important. The purpose of the research work was to study the effect of zeolite from the Khotynetskoe quarry on transition of the radionuclide from the soil to the plant on the natural upland meadow. For this, in August, zeolite in amounts of 0.5 and 1% from the top soil weight was introduced on the top soil of experimental plots. Once prepared, the concentration of cesium-137, agrochemical and physical and chemical soil values, crop yield were determined in them. During the research work, it was found out that application of zeolite in amounts of 0.5 and 1% to ameliorate the meadow reduced accumulation of the radionuclide in the standing grass crop (hay), increased Hr, S, EKO, V, pH, potassium and phosphorus and boosted up the crop yield of the hay.