bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose from nata de coco: Hydrochloric acid versus maleic acid hydrolysis
Authors: Nurhadi Bambang , Angeline Angeline , Sukri Nandi , Masruchin Nanang , Arifin Heni Radiani , Saputra Rudy Adi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicrocrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a modification of natural cellulose derived from plants or fermentation products such as nata de coco, by increasing the crystallinity, aspect ratio, surface area, dispersion, and biodegradability through the acid hydrolysis process, which is widely used in the food sector and pharmaceuticals. The variables of the methods and hydrolysis reagents used will affect the characteristics of MCC. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of MCC from nata de coco using different acids consisting of two treatments which are hydrolysis with 2.5 N hydrochloric acid (MCCHCl) and 62.5 wt% maleic acids (MCCMA). The results showed that the use of different hydrolysis reagents produced different MCC characteristics. Hydrolysis of cellulose with hydrochloric acid produced MCC with a higher crystallinity index, degradation temperature, particle size, and zeta potential value but the decomposition temperature was lower than that of MCC from maleic acid. Both MCC have a narrow particle size distribution and an irregular shape with a more uneven fiber surface texture of the MCCMA and contain CO and CC groups that are not present in MCCHCl. The viscosity of MCCHCl combined with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 12% was higher than that of MCCMA under the same conditions, where the addition of both MCC with a concentration of 5% into the oil‐in‐water emulsion (O/W) showed good stability for 3 months, but at a concentration of 1.5% showed with creaming in the O/W emulsion with MCCHCl and no O/W emulsion was formed with MCCMA. Both MCC without the addition of CMC showed better characteristics than commercial MCC.
The real and ideal experiences of what culturally competent counselling or psychotherapy service provision means to lesbian, gay and bisexual people
Authors: Bishop Joshua , Crisp Dimity , Scholz Brett 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people report greater dissatisfaction with counselling and psychotherapy services than their heterosexual counterparts. Greater dissatisfaction with these services may result from experiences of microaggressions resulting from a lack of service provider cultural competence. The present study aimed to investigate what culturally competent provision of service means to LGB people through understanding their actual and ideal experience of accessing a counsellor or psychologist. Twenty‐one LGB participants responded to six literature‐driven questions in a semi‐structured interview format regarding their actual and ideal experiences of accessing a counsellor or psychologist. Two themes were developed from the results: the importance of creating a safe space, and modifiable and non‐modifiable service provider traits. LGB participants discussed being more willing to disclose and discuss their sexual orientation in services that created a safe space. LGB participants perceived counsellors and psychologists as more culturally competent if they demonstrated: inclusive intention, awareness of heteronormativity, knowledge about issues impacting LGB people and openness to diversity. Counsellors and psychologists who were younger or LGB were perceived by LGB participants to be more culturally competent. Based on the results, recommendations for counsellors and psychotherapists include recognition of the importance of creating a safe space and demonstrating affirming care to LGB people.
Xylose‐Configured Cyclophellitols as Selective Inhibitors for Glucocerebrosidase
Authors: Su Qin , Schröder Sybrin P. , Lelieveld Lindsey T. , Ferraz Maria J. , Verhoek Marri , Boot Rolf G. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Aerts Johannes M. F. G. , Artola Marta , Kuo Chi‐Lin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlucocerebrosidase (GBA), a lysosomal retaining β‐d‐glucosidase, has recently been shown to hydrolyze β‐d‐xylosides and to transxylosylate cholesterol. Genetic defects in GBA cause the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD), and also constitute a risk factor for developing Parkinson's disease. GBA and other retaining glycosidases can be selectively visualized by activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP) using fluorescent probes composed of a cyclophellitol scaffold having a configuration tailored to the targeted glycosidase family. GBA processes β‐d‐xylosides in addition to β‐d‐glucosides, this in contrast to the other two mammalian cellular retaining β‐d‐glucosidases, GBA2 and GBA3. Here we show that the xylopyranose preference also holds up for covalent inhibitors: xylose‐configured cyclophellitol and cyclophellitol aziridines selectively react with GBA over GBA2 and GBA3 in vitro and in vivo, and that the xylose‐configured cyclophellitol is more potent and more selective for GBA than the classical GBA inhibitor, conduritol B‐epoxide (CBE). Both xylose‐configured cyclophellitol and cyclophellitol aziridine cause accumulation of glucosylsphingosine in zebrafish embryo, a characteristic hallmark of GD, and we conclude that these compounds are well suited for creating such chemically induced GD models.
FOXO1 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation via suppressing E2F1 activated NPRL2 expression
Authors: Tang Yu , Jiang Li , Zhao Xin , Hu Daixing , Zhao Guozhi , Luo Shengjun , Du Xiaoyi , Tang Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious studies in our lab suggest that nitrogen permease regulator 2‐like (NPRL2) upregulation in prostate cancer is associated with malignant behavior and poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of NPRL2 dysregulation remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the transcription factors (TFs) contributing to NPRL2 dysregulation in prostate cancer. Potential TFs were identified using prostate tissue/cell‐specific chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)‐seq data collected in the Cistrome Data Browser and Signaling Pathways Project. Dual‐luciferase assay and ChIP‐qPCR assay were conducted to assess the binding and activating effect of TFs on the gene promoter. Cell Counting Kit‐8 and colony formation assays were performed to assess cell proliferation. Results showed that E2F1 is a TF that bound to the NPRL2 promoter and activated its transcription. NPRL2 inhibition significantly alleviated E2F1 enhanced cell proliferation. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that E2F1 upregulation was associated with unfavorable progression‐free survival and disease‐specific survival. FOXO1 interacted and E2F1 in both PC3 and LNCaP cells and weakened the binding of E2F1 to the NPRL2 promoter. Functionally, FOXO1 overexpression significantly slowed the proliferation of PC3 and LNCaP cells and also decreased E2F1 enhanced cell proliferation. In summary, this study revealed a novel FOXO1/E2F1‐NPRL2 regulatory axis in prostate cancer. E2F1 binds to the NPRL2 promoter and activates its transcription, while FOXO1 interacts with E2F1 and weakens its transcriptional activating effects. These findings help expand our understanding of the prostate cancer etiology and suggest that the FOXO1/E2F1‐NPRL2 signaling axis might be a potential target.
Nanoparticles for Triple Drug Release for Combined Chemo‐ and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Martínez‐Edo Gabriel , Xue Evelyn Y. , Ha Summer Y. Y. , Pontón Iris , González‐Delgado José Antonio , Borrós Salvador , Torres Tomás , Ng Dennis K. P. , Sánchez‐García David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA pH‐responsive drug delivery system (DDS) based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) has been prepared for the delivery of three anticancer drugs with different modes of action. The novelty of this system is its ability to combine synergistic chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. A photoactive conjugate of a phthalocyanine (Pc) and a topoisomerase I inhibitor (topo‐I), namely camptothecin (CPT), linked by a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain has been synthesized and then loaded into the mesopores of MSNs. Doxorubicin (DOX), which is a topoisomerase II inhibitor (topo‐II), has also been covalently anchored to the outer surface of the MSNs through a dihydrazide PEG linker. In the acidic environment of tumor cells, selective release of the three drugs takes place. In vitro studies have demonstrated the endocytosis of the system into HeLa and HepG2 cells, and the subsequent release of the three drugs into the cytoplasm and nucleus. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of DOX, CPT and Pc has been assessed in vitro before and upon light irradiation.
Multistimuli‐Responsive [3]Dioxaphosphaferrocenophanes with Orthogonal Switches
Authors: Birenheide Bernhard S. , Krämer Felix , Bayer Lea , Mehlmann Paul , Dielmann Fabian , Breher Frank 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNovel multistimuli‐responsive phosphine ligands comprising a redox‐active [3]dioxaphosphaferrocenophane backbone and a P‐bound imidazolin‐2‐ylidenamino entity that allows switching by protonation are reported. Investigation of the corresponding metal complexes and their redox behaviour are reported and show the sensitivity of the system towards protonation and metal coordination. The experimental findings are supported by DFT calculations. Protonation and oxidation events are applied in Rh‐catalysed hydrosilylations and demonstrate a remarkable influence on reactivity and/or selectivity.
Metathesis of P=C Bonds Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Han Zeyu , Gates Derek P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe catalytic metathesis of C=C bonds is a textbook reaction that has no parallel in the widely studied area of multiple bonds involving heavier p‐block elements. A high‐yielding P=C bond metathesis of phosphaalkenes (ArP=CPh2, Ar=Mes, o‐Tol, Ph) has been discovered that is catalyzed by N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHC=Me2IMe, Me2IiPr). The products are cyclic oligomers formally derived from ArP=PAr [i. e. cyclo‐(ArP)n; n=3, 4, 5, 6] and Ph2C=CPh2. Preliminary mechanistic studies of this remarkable transformation have established NHC=PAr (Ar=Mes, o‐Tol, Ph) as key phosphinidene transfer agents. In addition, novel cyclic intermediates, such as, cyclo‐(ArP)2CPh2 and cyclo‐(ArP)4CPh2 have also been observed. This work represents a rare application of non‐metal‐based catalysts for transformations involving main‐group elements.
Steering Scholl Oxidative Heterocoupling by Tuning Topology and Electronics for Building Thiananographenes and Their Functional N−/C−Congeners
Authors: Maddala Sudhakar , Panua Anirban , Venkatakrishnan Parthasarathy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile intramolecular Scholl oxidative coupling between two arenes is common, successful C−C heterocoupling between thiophene and arene is scarce. The latter is due to the notorious reactivity of thiophene towards polymerization under oxidative conditions. This report systematically demonstrates how topological variation of electronics and reactivity in thiophene substrates can lead to efficient oxidative heterocoupling. Bis(biaryl)thiophenes having reactive α‐ and β‐positions open are the choice of substrates. The cyclizing arene partners are so electronically tuned for thiophene's reactivity (at α‐ and β‐) as to establish C−C bond oxidatively generating symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical diphenanthrothiophenes which are basic thiananographenes. Depending on the cyclizing‐couple's electronics, either arene‐ or thiophene‐centered oxidation initiates C−C heterocoupling. The potential utility of these simple thiananographenes is further unfurled by converting them to functional N−/C‐graphene segments that are aza‐corannulene precursor and tetrabenzospirobifluorene. Their bright emission and extended electrochemical stability are remarkable that may be potentially important and applicable.
Exploration of Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines as Membrane‐Bound Pyrophosphatase Inhibitors
Authors: Johansson Niklas G. , Dreano Loïc , Vidilaseris Keni , Khattab Ayman , Liu Jianing , Lasbleiz Arthur , Ribeiro Orquidea , Kiriazis Alexandros , Boije af Gennäs Gustav , Meri Seppo , Goldman Adrian , Yli‐Kauhaluoma Jari , Xhaard Henri 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInhibition of membrane‐bound pyrophosphatase (mPPase) with small molecules offer a new approach in the fight against pathogenic protozoan parasites. mPPases are absent in humans, but essential for many protists as they couple pyrophosphate hydrolysis to the active transport of protons or sodium ions across acidocalcisomal membranes. So far, only few nonphosphorus inhibitors have been reported. Here, we explore the chemical space around previous hits using a combination of screening and synthetic medicinal chemistry, identifying compounds with low micromolar inhibitory activities in the Thermotoga maritima mPPase test system. We furthermore provide early structure‐activity relationships around a new scaffold having a pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine core. The most promising pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine congener was further investigated and found to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum mPPase in membranes as well as the growth of P. falciparum in an ex vivo survival assay.
Characterizing head and neck cancer survivors' discontinuation of survivorship care
Authors: Seaman Aaron T. , Seligman Kristen L. , Nguyen Khanh K. , Al‐Qurayshi Zaid , Kendell Nicholas D. , Pagedar Nitin A. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundLittle is known about cancer survivors who discontinue survivorship care. The objective of this study was to characterize patients with head and neck cancer who discontinue survivorship care with their treating institution and identify factors associated with discontinuation.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016, who received cancer‐directed therapy at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (UIHC). Eligible patients achieved a cancer‐free status after curative‐intent treatment and made at least 1 visit 90+ days after treatment completion. The primary outcome was discontinuation of survivorship care, which was defined as a still living survivor who had not returned to a UIHC cancer clinic for twice the expected interval. Demographic and oncologic factors were examined to identify associations with discontinuation.ResultsNinety‐seven of the 426 eligible patients (22.8%) discontinued survivorship care at UIHC during the study period. The mean time in follow‐up for those who discontinued treatment was 15.4 months. Factors associated with discontinuation of care included an unmarried status (P = .036), a longer driving distance to the facility (P = .0031), and a single‐modality cancer treatment (P < .0001). Rurality was not associated with discontinuation (24.3% vs 21.6% for urban residence; P = .52), nor was age, gender, or payor status.ConclusionsThe study results indicate that a sizeable percentage of head and neck cancer survivors discontinue care with their treating institution. Both demographic and oncologic factors were associated with discontinuation at the treating institution, and this points to potential clinical and care delivery interventions.
Accelerating Hydrogen Evolution by Anodic Electrosynthesis of Value‐Added Chemicals in Water over Non‐Precious Metal Electrocatalysts
Authors: Xiang Ming , Wang Nenghuan , Xu Zhihua , Zhang Han , Yan Zhaoxiong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntegrating electrolytic hydrogen production from water with thermodynamically more favorable aqueous organic oxidation reactions is highly desired, because it can enhance the energy conversion efficiency in relation to traditional water electrolysis, and produce value‐added chemicals instead of oxygen at the anode. In this Minireview, we introduce some key considerations for anodic auxiliary electrosynthesis and outline three types of electrocatalytic organic reactions including biomass derivative, alcohol and amine oxidation reactions, which can boost cathodic hydrogen generation. Furthermore, frequently used noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts are classified into nickel‐based, cobalt‐based, other transition‐metal‐based and bimetallic electrocatalysts. The preparation methods of these catalysts and their performance towards electrochemical oxidation reactions are also discussed in detail. We specifically highlight the importance of redox active sites on the surface of the electrocatalysts, which act as electron mediators to promote oxidation reactions. Finally, the current challenges and future developments in this emerging field are also discussed.
Multicomponent Pharmaceutical Adducts of Azoxystrobin: Physicochemical Properties, Thermodynamic, and Molecular Modeling Study
Authors: Shi Zhi‐Ping , Ren Guo‐Bin , Qi Ming‐Hui , Li Zhong , Xu Xiao‐Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEutectics have invoked enormous interests as an inexpensive and greener excipient with promising applications. In this study, eutectics of azoxystrobin (AZO) with fludioxonil (FDO), adipic acid (AA), succinimide (SIM), and 2‐imidazolidinone (IMD) are prepared by rotary evaporation in order to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of AZO. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X‐ray diffraction are used to distinguish eutectics. Interestingly, AZO forms form 2 at first and then forms eutectic at stoichiometric ratios of 7:3, 7:3/8:2, 7:3, and 6:4 with FDO, AA, IMD, and SIM, respectively. Compared with AZO, the solubility and dissolution rate of these four eutectics in water are improved. The molecular dynamics simulations between AZO and coformer molecules indicate that homologous hydrogen bonds are formed of conformer–coformer, which may lead to the formation of eutectic regions. Meanwhile, the interaction energies between AZO and coformers in these possible system boxes of the four eutectics are calculated. The results indicate that the interaction energy in AZO–FDO is greater than that in AZO–AA, AZO–SIM, and AZO–IMD.
Multi‐trait selection of bread wheat ideotypes for adaptation to early sown condition
Authors: Farhad Md , Tripathi Shashi Bhushan , Singh Ravi Prakash , Joshi Arun Kumar , Bhati Pradeep Kumar , Vishwakarma Manish Kumar , Mondal Suchismita , Malik Anoop Anand , Kumar Uttam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGenotypes developed for a particular mega‐environment or management condition may not suit different management or specific local environments. Planting earlier than the recommended planting time is currently a new avenue to improve genotypic performance, supporting horizontal yield increases in the region when winter is shortening. In India, wheat growers are looking at early planting because it can use residual soil moisture from monsoons and escape terminal heat stress. A best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP)‐based multi‐environmental stability analysis was conducted on three sets of genotypes across three consecutive years (2017, 2018, and 2019) under early and timely planting dates to identify genotypes for further breeding. A number of traits were studied: phenological (early ground cover, days to booting [DTB], days to heading, days to maturity [DAYSMT], boosting to heading days [BTH], and grain filling duration [GFD]), plant stature (plant height, height up to spike base, and spike length [SpkLng]), flag leaf (flag leaf length, flag leaf width, and flag leaf area [FLGLFA]), and yield traits (thousand grain weight [TGW] and grain yield). A significant genotypic effect was observed for all traits in the single environment analysis. A genotype–environment interaction (GEI) was observed in the mixed‐effect model, except for FLGLFA in Season 2 and SpkLng in Season 3. Residual components of variation were found to increase under early planting for all studied traits due to exposure of genotypes to early heat and a prolonged growing period. A higher GEI was observed in dissected phenological events such as BTH and GFD. Among phenological traits, it was found that DTB, GFD, and DAYSMT were strongly supporting selection gain throughout all seasons under early planting. The genotypes with a more extended vegetative period and grain filling period tended to have higher grain yield and TGW under early planting.
Resilience of terrestrial and aquatic fauna to historical and future wildfire regimes in western North America
Authors: Jager Henriette I. , Long Jonathan W. , Malison Rachel L. , Murphy Brendan P. , Rust Ashley , Silva Luiz G. M. , Sollmann Rahel , Steel Zachary L. , Bowen Mark D. , Dunham Jason B. , Ebersole Joseph L. , Flitcroft Rebecca L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWildfires in many western North American forests are becoming more frequent, larger, and severe, with changed seasonal patterns. In response, coniferous forest ecosystems will transition toward dominance by fire‐adapted hardwoods, shrubs, meadows, and grasslands, which may benefit some faunal communities, but not others. We describe factors that limit and promote faunal resilience to shifting wildfire regimes for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We highlight the potential value of interspersed nonforest patches to terrestrial wildlife. Similarly, we review watershed thresholds and factors that control the resilience of aquatic ecosystems to wildfire, mediated by thermal changes and chemical, debris, and sediment loadings. We present a 2‐dimensional life history framework to describe temporal and spatial life history traits that species use to resist wildfire effects or to recover after wildfire disturbance at a metapopulation scale. The role of fire refuge is explored for metapopulations of species. In aquatic systems, recovery of assemblages postfire may be faster for smaller fires where unburned tributary basins or instream structures provide refuge from debris and sediment flows. We envision that more‐frequent, lower‐severity fires will favor opportunistic species and that less‐frequent high‐severity fires will favor better competitors. Along the spatial dimension, we hypothesize that fire regimes that are predictable and generate burned patches in close proximity to refuge will favor species that move to refuges and later recolonize, whereas fire regimes that tend to generate less‐severely burned patches may favor species that shelter in place. Looking beyond the trees to forest fauna, we consider mitigation options to enhance resilience and buy time for species facing a no‐analog future.