bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural resource use conflicts in a changing climate: The case of the wetlands of Kilombero and Kilosa districts in Tanzania.
Authors: Liwenga Emma T. , Silangwa Florian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

In Tanzania studies on conflicts between subsistence farmers and agropastoralists/pastoralists as well communities versus conservationists have been frequently reported. These include studies on water use conflicts in the Pangan River Basin. Agropastoralists have also been evicted as a result of these conflicts. The overriding tendency has thus been centered on discussion about what keeps pastoralists and crop cultivators apart rather than what keeps them together. Although conflicts occur mainly as a result of resource competition, some conflicts constitute only one aspect of a much more complex interaction between the two groups. Little has been documented in examining the relative contribution of climatic and non-climatic factors in aggravating these conflicts and how this triggers various dimensions of conflicts among livelihood groups. This study examined the relative contribution of climatic and non-climatic factors as causes of natural resource conflict, based on a study conducted in Kilosa and Kilombero districts in south-central Tanzania. The study further examined conflict resolution mechanisms in terms of adaptive capacity to address these issues in a changing climate and in particular explored the roles of institutions in conflict resolution, and the associated challenges and opportunities involved. The study was conducted through a household survey, focus group discussions and expert interviews with Kilosa and Kilombero district land planning officers. The aim was to understand the challenges of land use planning and how those transformed into conflicts between users. The results of the interviews in the two districts revealed that there were land conflicts related to boundary disputes between and among villages, investors against villages or communities, and government agencies versus villages or investors. Unlike Kilosa, Kilombero District had more land conflicts involving villages and government institutions. There is a complicated land conflict in 25 villages against the Ramsar site area.
Weather forecasting and communication in the upper Great Ruaha catchment area.
Authors: Mwajombe Anselm R. , Lema Godwin A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Effective weather forecast dissemination depends on how effective dissemination channels are in informing decision making for improved management of water resources and livelihood activities, which depend on water resources in catchment areas. In this chapter, the effectiveness of the channels for weather forecast dissemination is assessed in terms of magnitude of awareness creation and versatility to end users. Our findings show that both traditional and conventional channels of weather forecasting and communication can be used to create awareness to end users in various parts of the country. For local communities, traditional weather forecasting and communicating were contingent on indigenous knowledge acquired through interaction with the local environment. Such information was accessed through indicators or signs that entail plant phenology, astronomical and meteorological events as well as mammals' behaviour. Conventional forecasting is communicated via modern communication technologies including radio, television, the Internet and posted letters. Communication of traditional weather forecasting is mainly through oral traditions. Results from our respondents revealed that 40% received weather forecasts through traditional channels, 11% through modern channels and 49% through modern and traditional channels. The majority of respondents said that weather forecasts from modern sources were not reliable to inform the decision-making process when compared with traditional sources. The study recommends synchronizing modern and traditional channels for effective weather forecast delivery.
Towards adaptive deep brain stimulation: clinical and technical notes on a novel commercial device for chronic brain sensing
Authors: Thenaisie Yohann , Palmisano Chiara , Canessa Andrea , Keulen Bart J , Capetian Philipp , Jiménez Mayte Castro , Bally Julien F , Manferlotti Elena , Beccaria Laura , Zutt Rodi , Courtine Grégoire , Bloch Jocelyne , van der Gaag Niels A , Hoffmann Carel F , Moraud Eduardo Martin , Isaias Ioannis U , Contarino M Fiorella 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective. Technical advances in deep brain stimulation (DBS) are crucial to improve therapeutic efficacy and battery life. We report the potentialities and pitfalls of one of the first commercially available devices capable of recording brain local field potentials (LFPs) from the implanted DBS leads, chronically and during stimulation. The aim was to provide clinicians with well-grounded tips on how to maximize the capabilities of this novel device, both in everyday practice and for research purposes. Approach. We collected clinical and neurophysiological data of the first 20 patients (14 with Parkinson’s disease (PD), five with dystonia, one with chronic pain) that received the Percept™ PC in our centres. We also performed tests in a saline bath to validate the recordings quality. Main results. The Percept PC reliably recorded the LFP of the implanted site, wirelessly and in real time. We recorded the most promising clinically useful biomarkers for PD and dystonia (beta and theta oscillations) with and without stimulation. Furthermore, we provide an open-source code to facilitate export and analysis of data. Critical aspects of the system are presently related to contact selection, artefact detection, data loss, and synchronization with other devices. Significance. New technologies will soon allow closed-loop neuromodulation therapies, capable of adapting stimulation based on real-time symptom-specific and task-dependent input signals. However, technical aspects need to be considered to ensure reliable recordings. The critical use by a growing number of DBS experts will alert new users about the currently observed shortcomings and inform on how to overcome them.
Comparative analysis of coarse-grained powder and nanostructured copper properties
Authors: Ryabicheva L A , Reshetnyak D V , Dyadichev V V , Dyadichev A V 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the technologies of obtaining powder copper materials, got by forging of a porous workpiece with a puncheon, not entering the matrix hollow, and by equal channel angular pressing of a porous workpiece during three passes. It is found out that friction coefficient decreases with the grain diameter decrease and with the increase of the accumulated deformation on the passes. Besides, friction coefficient value’s going into the steady stage occurs during a longer period than for coarse-grained powder copper. The wear value for the nanostructured copper is much less than for the coarse-grained powder copper. Nanostructured copper is recommended to be used as an antifriction material at little pressures and high speeds of sliding. The paper demonstrates that due to the control of the structure during plastic deformation it is possible to obtain the material with the improved wear resistance.
Refinement of Ti18Zr15Nb alloy structure exposed to accumulative high-pressure torsion deformation
Authors: Churakova A , Gunderov D , Sheremetyev V 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The strain γ processing at high-pressure torsion (HPT) deformation for many hard materials is really much smaller than expected. This is a result of slippage of sample surface and surface of anvils. In this context, the authors develop a new method- “accumulative high-pressure torsion” (ACC HPT). This method enables producing much higher true strains in metallic and alloys than the traditional HPT method. HPT and ACC HPT were applied to β-Ti-alloys Ti-18Zr-15Nb. As TEM studies showed, the size of grains after HPT n = 10 revolutions is about 40 nm while the size of grains after ACC HPT with n = 10 revolutions (in total) is about 20 nm.
Effect of rare-earth oxides on thermal behavior of alumina-silica glass sealants
Authors: Saetova N S , Krainova D A , Kuzmin A V 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Thermal behavior of (62.92SiO2–4.71Al2O3–14.83Na2O–5ZrO2–12.54SrO) – 5Re2O3 (Re = Y, La, Nd, Sm) glasses with superstoichiometric additives of rare-earth oxides has been investigated by scanning differential calorimetry, high temperature optical microscopy, and dilatometry. It is found out that an increase in characteristic temperatures (glass transition temperature and temperature of half-sphere formation) is caused by decreasing the ionic radius. The value of thermal expansion coefficient changes insignificantly.
Nature of conductivity in xNa2O–(90-x)V2O5–10P2O5 glasses: experimental study and computer simulation
Authors: Raskovalov A A , Saetova N S , Pershina S V 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A series of 10P2O5O–xNa2O–(90-x)V2O5 (x=1–5 mol.%) glasses was obtained by melt-quenching technique. Their thermal properties were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The density was measured by picnometry. A combination of electrochemical techniques shows that conductivity in these glasses has an electronic nature. The conductivity passes through a maximum at 1 mol% of Na2O. The model of the glass structure was constructed with non-constant force field molecular dynamics with self-assembly. The molecular dynamics simulation shows that the value of conductivity correlates with the mean coordination number for the V…V pair.
Autowave process in a thin layer of magnetodielectric emulsion
Authors: Chekanov V S , Dikansky Yu I 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the behavior of a magnetodielectric emulsion “magnetic fluid in oil” in an electric field. Such an emulsion is a functional electrically controlled medium, which may be of practical interest. In an electric field, a layer of microdroplets is formed in the near-electrode region of the magnetic emulsion, and an autowave process is observed at a certain critical strength.
Structure and lithium-ion conductivity investigation of the Li7-xLa3Zr2-xTaxO12 solid electrolytes
Authors: Il’ina E A , Lylin E D , Kabanov A A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Currently solid electrolytes with high values of lithium-ion conductivity are required for creation high-energy lithium and lithium-ion power sources, including all-solid-state batteries. Compounds with a garnet structure based on Li7La3Zr2O12 are promising solid electrolytes for such power sources. In presented work solid electrolytes in the Li7-xLa3Zr2-xTaxO12 system were synthesised using the sol-gel method in a wide concentration range of tantalum from x=0 to x=2.0. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, compounds with x > 0 has a cubic modification with the space group Ia-3d. The electrical resistance of the obtained solid electrolytes was measured by the complex impedance method in the temperature range of 25-210 °C, and the values of total lithium-ion conductivity were calculated. It was found that Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 has the maximum values of lithium-ion conductivity in studied system – 1.4•10−4 S/cm at 25 °C. The Density Functional Theory modeling confirms that moderate Ta-doping is most suitable for enhancing of Li diffusion.
Investigation of Li-In alloy application as anode for all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Il’ina E A , Lylin E D , Plekhanov M S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The problem of the interface optimization between solid electrolyte and anode must be resolved for all-solid-state power sources creation. In the presented work, it is proposed to use Li-In alloy as anode material instead of metallic lithium. The wettability of the composite solid electrolyte based on Li7La3Zr2O12 by In and Li-In alloy was investigated by high-temperature optical dilatometry. The symmetric cells with metallic lithium and Li-In alloy were assembled and their resistance was measured at room temperature. It was established that Li-In alloy application leads to a significant decrease in the resistance at the interface between anode and solid electrolyte (from 37.2 to 0.5 kΩ cm2). So, it can be concluded that using of Li-In alloy leads to the interface optimization between anode and composite electrolyte based on cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 and can be applied for all-solid-state power sources creation.
Proton transfer in V2O5–P2O5 glasses
Authors: Raskovalov A A , Belyakov S A , Saetova N S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Proton transfer in porous V2O5–P2O5 glasses is shown for the first time using measurements of electrical conductivity as a function of air humidity. The materials under consideration are characterized by reversible physical sorption of water at temperatures below 100 °C, during which the conductivity decreases. Irreversible chemisorption of water is observed at 150 °C, which leads to the appearance of proton transfer.
Ordering of A-cations in lead-free oxides with a filled tetragonal tungsten bronze structure
Authors: Bunin M A , Bunina O A , Chumachenko K S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
By X-ray powder diffraction, the structure of polycrystalline lead-free oxides K4Bi2Nbl0O30
and Na2Sr4Nb10O30 was refined with an emphasis on ordering in the A-sites of the tetragonal tungsten bronze crystal lattice. It was shown that the studied oxides have different types of cationic ordering, which does not change at ferroelectric phase transition. The results are consistent with the piezoresponse force microscopy data.
Analysis of the properties of the mixture’s components on the basis of construction and polymeric materials waste
Authors: Dyadichev V V , Dyadichev A V , Skliarov V , Dorozhkina M A , Menyuk S G , Chornobay S Y 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the technologies of obtaining composite structures on the basis of secondary polymeric and construction materials filled with coordination compounds, got by the mixture’s coextrusion through the coextrusion head as well as by the extrusion pressing-out through the fillister head. It has been found out that with the decrease in the size of the layer’s boundary and with the increase of the layers’ durability the friction coefficient diminishes. Besides, reaching the friction coefficient’s value at the established stage happens during a longer period than for a single-layer structure. The value of the tear-and-wear for a multilayer composite structure is much less than for a single-layer one. A multilayer composite structure is recommended to be used as an antifriction material under low pressures at a high slip velocity. It is demonstrated that due to the addition of the filler on the basis of coordination compounds into separate layers during the coextrusion molding it is possible to obtain the material with the improved wear resistance.
Increased wear resistance of cutting tools with carbide inserts due to diffusion discrete oxidation
Authors: Chekalova E A , Zhuravlev A V 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A method for the formation of diffusion discrete oxidation on a carbide cutting tool is proposed. Comparative studies on the wear resistance of hard-alloy plates with diffusion discrete oxidation and without coating have been carried out. It was found out that the technology of discrete oxidation makes it possible to increase the wear resistance of the cutting tool by a factor of 1.5-1.8 in comparison with the original insert.
Influence of high-pressure torsion on the deformation nature of Vit105 metallic glasses during microhardness tests
Authors: Astanin Vasily , Gabbyasova Ruzalina , Astanin Vladimir 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Severe plastic deformation by torsion leads to a decrease in the microhardness of Zr-based BMG, while relaxing annealing, on the contrary, increases it. It was found that the microhardness and the nature of deformation near the indentation depend on the applied load. At low loads, the formation of shear bands is observed. With increasing load, the tendency towards homogeneous deformation increases.
Determination of macro-stresses in half-cycles of thermal fatigue tests
Authors: Degtyareva S P , Peskishev S A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The published results of thermal fatigue studies, which also included metallographic observations during the tests, are analyzed. All tests were performed on flat corset samples, in which, as in products, the plastic deformation (εpl) in the cycle can vary widely. In addition, they allow you to vary the εpl by changing the parameters of the sample shape. A method and device for determining the tensile stresses in the cooling half-cycle in tests on corset samples are proposed and tested. They are an important parameter, as they control the formation and growth of cracks in the material of products during the development of thermal fatigue.
Evaluation of heat resistance of carbon fiber reinforced plastics based on organosilicon compounds
Authors: Panina K S , Danilov E A , Gareev A R 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The paper presents composite materials based on elastomeric matrices in combination with phenol-formaldehyde resin, reinforced with carbon fiber fabric. Technology of obtaining composites is described. Polymer binder has been modified by introducing inorganic additives (SiC, ZrB2, glass microspheres). Experimental data of thermogravimetric analysis of the obtained carbon plastics are presented. Comparative tensile strength tests of composite materials have been carried out before and after plasma treatment. Materials described in the paper are intended for use in high-temperature heat shielding.
Study of inhibiting properties of multicomponent systems in aggressive media in the presence of surfactants
Authors: Niyazbekova A B , Almagambetova M Zh , Gubaidullina G M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the anticorrosive properties of inorganic orthophosphate compositions in relation to St-3 steel in an oil-water environment in the presence of surfactants, depending on the pH of the medium, the nature and concentration of phosphate, the nature of the modifier ion. The research was conducted using State Standard-based methods: gravimetry, potentiometry, photocolorimetry, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. On the basis of experimental data, quantitative indicators of corrosion process were determined: the rate of corrosion process, the degree of protection, the depth index, the coefficient of inhibition and the assessment of the stability of the formed film on the ball scale of corrosion resistance against steel. The analysis of experimental data allows to establish the influence of the above factors on the corrosion processes in the systems under study. The experimental data are supplemented by thermodynamic calculations of the corrosion process parameters, the results of which correlate well with the kinetic data of the process under study. In the course of the research work, the analysis of corrosion deposits was also carried out. The regularities established during the work contribute to the creation of effective orthophosphate inhibitors with the highest degrees of protection.
Protective primers with reduced zinc powder content caused by the addition of core-shell micro talc/polyaniline pigment
Authors: Vakhitov T R , Katnov V E , Xolmurodov T A , Stepin S N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study aims to verify the possibility of replacing a portion of zinc (up to 30 wt.%) with a newly designed micro talc/polyaniline (PANI) core-shell pigment that can be used in the protective primer compositions for metals. Measurements of the electrode potential of painted steel and the electrical capacity of the steel/coating/electrolyte system showed that synthesized pigment bears two functions. Firstly, its presence in the epoxy-amine coatings provides a cathodic protection mechanism for steel with the lower zinc content. Secondly, it allows long-term preservation of the sacrificial metal activity and passive state of the substrate due to the autocatalytic redox cycle based on the reversible conversion of PANI from its emeraldine to leucoemeraldine form. The corresponding mechanism that allows the retaining of sacrificial metal activity and the passive state of the substrate is proposed.
The structure of the chromium plating on steel fabricated using iodine transport
Authors: Bogdanov S P , Khristiuk N A , Sychov M M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A comprehensive study of the composition, structure, and properties of chromium-containing coatings obtained under various modes of chemical-thermal treatment (CTT) of steels with chromium has been carried out. The method of iodine transport was used as the CTT technology. On the example of Armco iron, steels 20, 45, U12 (C110W2), the effect of carbon on the phase composition and structure of coatings is shown. Based on the data obtained, the optimal conditions for obtaining coatings are recommended, providing a comprehensive increase in the operational properties of products.
Thin-film solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Materials and technology
Authors: Naumov V V , Rudy A S , Tortseva Yu S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The results on the study of functional layers of a solid-state thin-film lithium-ion batteries are presented. Thin-films of lithium cobaltite (positive electrode), silicon nanocomposite (negative electrode) and lithium phosphorus-oxynitride (solid electrolyte) were studied by the methods of electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis and X-ray phase analysis. Technological modes have been determined which make it possible to obtain functional layers with a large-block and columnar structure providing the full depth of electrodes lithiation-delithiation and high ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte.
Features of sorption and sensory interaction of boron-nitride nanotubes with alkali metal atoms
Authors: Zaporotskova I , Boroznina N , Zaporotskov P , Boroznin S , Kozhitov L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Theoretical studies of sorption and sensory interaction of modified boronitride nanotube with functional amine group (-NH2) are presented in this article. The study is conducted on alkali metal atoms. The results presented in this paper can form the basis of a highly effective sensor for determining the presence of certain elements contained in ultra-small quantities.
Study of modification of carbon univariate nanostructures with boron atoms impurities
Authors: Zaporotskova I , Boroznin S , Boroznina N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The article describes peculiarities of structure and influence on electron-energy properties of carbon nanotubes, whose surface is structurally modified with replacing boron atoms. Various substitution options and the percentage of boron and carbon atoms are considered, the width of the band gap is established depending on the percentage of boron atoms on the surface of the nanotube. The results presented in this article can form the basis for recommendations on the possibility of managing the conductive properties of nanomaterials.
Dielectric dispersion of Ag/PAN nanocomposites
Authors: Kudryashov M A , Logunov A A , Mochalov L A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The dependence of the electric modulus of silver/polyacrylonitrile nanocomposites on the ac field frequency has been studied at different temperatures and AgNO3 content in the base mixture. The observed relaxational maxima on the frequency dependences of the electric modulus’ imaginary part are connected with the interfacial polarization. It was shown that the frequency electric modulus’ experimental points are well-described by the Cole-Davidson model, correspondingly. The values of the relaxation times and the activation energies of these structures have been estimated by this model.