bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humorous or occasioned instructions: Learning the “shoulder check” in theoretical and practical driving lessons
Authors: Helmer Henrike 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigates how driving school instructors adapt their instructions to constraints and affordances of different activity types. Adopting a Conversation Analytic approach and building on a comparative corpus of theoretical and practical driving lessons in German, it compares sequences of instructions of the execution of the “shoulder check” (i.e., checking the blind spot) in stationary theoretical versus mobile practical driving lessons. In theoretical lessons, the instructor uses vivid and humorous embodied instructions. In practical driving lessons, the instructor orients to the complex multi‐activity and delivers instructions in a succinct manner, considering the students’ previous knowledge and the embeddedness into the global tasks. The paper shows how instructional practices are sensitive to contextual contingencies which they reflect and treat by their situated design.
Epistemics in post‐match interviews: A focus on questioning turn design
Authors: Wilton Antje 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis contribution reports on a study of questioning turns in German and English football post‐match interviews (PMIs). Previous research on PMIs suggests that their main aim is to provide room for a delivery of the player's perspective of the match, thereby foregrounding his expertise and experience. The study uses a conversation analytic approach to focus on how interviewers design their turns in order to achieve this foregrounding. It is shown that participants employ means to systematically maintain an epistemic balance that reflects the player's epistemic access to the match as more authoritative. Furthermore, while both German and English interviewers perform similar actions in their turns, there are significant differences in the use of overtly marked questions, revealing different overall strategies of foregrounding.
International environmental agreements under an evolutionary mechanism of imitation and asymmetric countries
Authors: Chen Hsiao‐Chi , Chow Yunshyong , Liu Shi‐Miin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnder an often employed imitation mechanism, we investigate whether countries with different emission abatement benefits and costs can achieve an international environmental agreement. When the abatement efficiencies, ancillary benefits of abatement, and/or the numbers of countries are large, an international environmental agreement with full participation is the unique long‐run equilibrium. For the remaining situations, either no agreement is the unique equilibrium or both equilibria above can emerge with positive probability. These results hold whatever the function forms of countries' abatement costs are, whether the transboundary pollution of emissions is considered, and whether the mutation rates depend on abatement costs and time.
CBAC4C: conflict‐based VM isolation control for cloud computing
Authors: Dlamini M.T. , Eloff J.H.P. , Venter H.S. , Eloff M.M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor businesses to benefit from the many opportunities of cloud computing, they must first address a number of security challenges, such as the potential leakage of confidential data to unintended third parties. An inter‐VM (where VM is virtual machine) attack, also known as cross‐VM attack, is one threat through which cloud‐hosted confidential data could be leaked to unintended third parties. An inter‐VM attack exploits vulnerabilities between co‐resident guest VMs that share the same cloud infrastructure. In an attempt to stop such an attack, this paper uses the principles of logical analysis to model a solution that provides physical separation of VMs belonging to conflicting tenants based on their levels of conflict. The derived mathematical model is founded on scientific principles and implemented using four conflict‐aware VM placement algorithms. The resultant algorithms consider a tenant's risk appetite and cost implications. The model offers guidance to VM placement and is validated using a proof of concept. A cloud simulation tool was used to test and evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the model. The findings reflect that the introduction of the proposed model introduced a time lag in the time it took to place VM instances. On top of this, it was also discovered that the number and size of the VM instances has an effect on the VM placement performance. The findings further illustrate that the conflict tolerance level of a VM has a direct impact on the time it took to place.
Flash sintering of yttria‐stabilized zirconia powders coated with nanoscale films of alumina by atomic layer deposition
Authors: O’Toole Rebecca J. , Yoon Bola , Gump Christopher J. , Raj Rishi , Weimer Alan W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe addition of small quantities of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) to 8 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) benefits conventional sintering by acting as a sintering aid and altering grain growth behavior. However, it is uncertain if these benefits observed during conventional sintering extend to flash sintering. In this work, nanoscale films of Al2O3 are deposited on 8YSZ powders by particle atomic layer deposition (ALD). The ALD‐coated powders were flash sintered using voltage‐to‐current control and current rate experiments. The sintering behavior, microstructural evolution, and ionic conductivities were characterized. The addition of Al2O3 films changed the conductivity of the starting powder, effectively moving the flash onset temperature. The grain size of the samples flashed with current rate experiments was ~65% smaller than that of conventionally sintered samples. Measurement of grain size and estimates of sample density as a function of temperature during flash sintering showed that small quantities of Al2O3 can enhance grain growth and sintering of 8YSZ. This suggests that Al2O3 dissolves into the 8YSZ grain boundaries during flash sintering to form complexions that enhance the diffusion of species controlling these processes.
The toughening of pyrochlore La2Zr2O7 by a ferroelastic NdAlO3 second phase for potential thermal barrier coating applications
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Han Jing , Du Jingping , Liu Rongjun , Wan Fan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe poor fracture toughness of La2Zr2O7 severely limits its application as a high temperature thermal barrier coating topcoat material. To toughen it, a ferroelastic second phase, NdAlO3, with a Curie temperature of 1367°C has been introduced to form x NdAlO3/(1‐x) La2Zr2O7 composite ceramics by a spark plasma sintering technique, where x = 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mol%. The fracture toughness of sintered composite ceramic compacts is measured at both room temperature and 1200°C, respectively, by a single‐edge‐notch beam test method. The results show that, at room temperature, the residual compressive stress in the La2Zr2O7 matrix plays an important role in the toughening of composite ceramics. By eliminating this factor, the remaining toughening effects agree with the measured fracture toughness at 1200°C, suggesting that the other toughening is probably ferroelastic domain switching toughening and that it is still valid at high temperature. Furthermore, the toughening effect arising from ferroelastic domain switching is governed by the overall domain switching zone, which is determined by both individual domain switching zone width and the “concentration” of ferroelastic phases. A relatively high coercive stress of NdAlO3 and relatively low residual tensile stress in NdAlO3 second phases contribute to negligible influence of residual tensile stress on domain switching zone width, leading to the continuous increase of fracture toughness of composite ceramics with more NdAlO3 added at room temperature.
Leadless pacemaker implant with concomitant atrioventricular node ablation: Experience with the Micra transcatheter pacemaker
Authors: El‐Chami Mikhael F. , Shinn Timothy , Bansal Sundeep , Martinez‐Sande Jose L. , Clementy Nicolas , Augostini Ralph , Ravindran Bipin , Sagi Venkata , Ramanna Hemanth , Garweg Christophe , Roberts Paul R. , Soejima Kyoko , Stromberg Kurt , Fagan Dedra H. , Zuniga Nicky , Piccini Jonathan P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe feasibility and outcomes of concomitant atrioventricular node ablation (AVNA) and leadless pacemaker implant are not well studied. We report outcomes in patients undergoing Micra implant with concomitant AVNA.MethodsPatients undergoing AVNA at the time of Micra implant from the Micra Transcatheter Pacing (IDE) Study, Continued Access (CA) study, and Post‐Approval Registry (PAR) were included in the analysis and compared to Micra patients without AVNA. Baseline characteristics, acute and follow‐up outcomes, and electrical performance were compared between patients with and without AVNA during the follow‐up period.ResultsA total of 192 patients (mean age 77.4 ± 8.9 years, 72% female) underwent AVNA at the time of Micra implant and were followed for 20.4 ± 15.6 months. AVNA patients were older, more frequently female, and tended to have more co‐morbid conditions compared with non‐AVNA patients (N = 2616). Implant was successful in 191 of 192 patients (99.5%). The mean pacing threshold at implant was 0.58 ± 0.35 V and remained stable during follow‐up. Major complications within 30 days occurred more frequently in AVNA patients than non‐AVNA patients (7.3% vs. 2.0%, p < .001). The risk of major complications through 36‐months was higher in AVNA patients (hazard ratio: 3.81, 95% confidence interval: 2.33–6.23, p < .001). Intermittent loss of capture occurred in three AVNA patients (1.6%), all were within 30 days of implant and required system revision. There were no device macrodislodgements or unexpected device malfunctions.ConclusionConcomitant AVN ablation and leadless pacemaker implant is feasible. Pacing thresholds are stable over time. However, patient comorbidities and the risk of major complications are higher in patients undergoing AVNA.
Spatiotemporal differences in precordial electrocardiographic amplitude before and after flecainide provocation are associated with a history of unstable ventricular arrhythmia in Brugada syndrome
Authors: Chen Chun‐Chao , Chung Fa‐Po , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lo Li‐Wei , Hu Yu‐Feng , Tuan Ta‐Chuan , Chao Tze‐Fan , Liao Jo‐Nan , Lin Chin‐Yu , Chang Ting‐Yung , Wu Cheng‐I , Liu Chih‐Min , Chin Chye‐Gen , Liu Shin‐Huei , Cheng Wen‐Han , Chou Ching‐Yao , Lugtu Isaiah C. , Chen Shih‐Ann 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionA drug provocation test (DPT) is important for the diagnosis of Brugada syndrome (BrS). The link, however, between dynamic changes of electrocardiography (ECG) features after DPT and unstable ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in BrS remains unknown.MethodsBetween 2014 and 2019, we assessed 27 patients with BrS (median age: 37.0 [interquartile range, IQR: 22.0–51.0] years; 25 men), including 9 (33.3%) with a history of unstable VA and 18 (66.7%) without. All patients in the study presented with Brugada‐like ECG features before DPT. The ECG parameters and dynamic changes (∆) in 12‐lead ECGs recorded from the second, third, and fourth intercostal spaces (ICS) before and at 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after DPT (oral flecainide 400 mg) were analyzed.ResultsThe total amplitude of V1 at the third ICS 18 and 24 h after DPT was significantly lower in patients with a history of unstable VA than in those without. Patients with BrS and unstable VAs had a significantly larger ∆ amplitude of V1 at the second ICS 12 h after DPT than in those without unstable VAs (0.28 [0.18–0.41] mV vs. 0.08 [0.01–0.15] mV, p = .01). A multivariate analysis revealed that the amplitude of V1 at the third ICS 18 and 24 h after DPT and the ∆ amplitude of V1 at the second ICS 12 h after DPT were associated with a history of unstable VA.ConclusionNonuniform changes and spatiotemporal differences in precordial ECG features after DPT were observed in patients with BrS and these may be surrogate markers for risk stratification.
Visit‑to‑visit blood pressure variability is associated with arterial stiffness in Chinese adults: A prospective analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuwen , Bie Lizhan , Li Mian , Wang Tiange , Xu Min , Lu Jieli , Wang Shuangyuan , Zhang Jie , Bi Yufang , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang , Chen Yuhong , Xu Yu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBlood pressure (BP) variability may have its effect on the development of vascular disease. The authors aimed to examine the association between the visit‐to‐visit variability (VVV) of BP and arterial stiffness in Chinese adults. The authors included 1407 participants from a prospective cohort study of community residents who were ≥40 years, without a history of myocardial infarction or stroke, and with data at the baseline, the second and the third visits in 2008, 2009, and 2013. The VVV of BP was defined as the standard deviation (SD), the coefficient of variation (CV), the average successive variability (ASV), and the variability independent of the mean (VIM) in BP levels at the 3 visits. Arterial stiffness was measured by brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (ba‐PWV) at the 2nd and the 3rd visits. Levels of ba‐PWV change and the occurrence of an elevated ba‐PWV increased significantly in the highest tertile of VVV measures of systolic BP (SBP) and pulse pressure (PP) compared with the lowest tertile, respectively. The multivariable regression analysis revealed that VVV measures of SBP and PP were significantly associated with levels of ba‐PWV change and the risks of developing an elevated ba‐PWV. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk were 2.12 (1.57–3.12) and 1.92 (1.38–2.68) in participants with the highest versus the lowest tertile of SBP‐SD and PP‐SD, respectively. No significant association was found for diastolic BP variability measures. The increased long‐term variabilities of SBP and PP were associated with an increased risk of arterial stiffness.
Identification of key candidate biomarkers for severe influenza infection by integrated bioinformatical analysis and initial clinical validation
Authors: Liu Shuai , Huang Zhisheng , Deng Xiaoyan , Zou Xiaohui , Li Hui , Mu Shengrui , Cao Bin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOne of the key barriers for early identification and intervention of severe influenza cases is a lack of reliable immunologic indicators. In this study, we utilized differentially expressed genes screening incorporating weighted gene co‐expression network analysis in one eligible influenza GEO data set (GSE111368) to identify hub genes associated with clinical severity. A total of 10 genes (PBI, MMP8, TCN1, RETN, OLFM4, ELANE, LTF, LCN2, DEFA4 and HP) were identified. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for single hub gene revealed that these genes had a close association with antimicrobial response and neutrophils activity. To further evaluate these genes' ability for diagnosis/prognosis of disease developments, we adopted double validation with (a) another new independent data set (GSE101702); and (b) plasma samples collected from hospitalized influenza patients. We found that 10 hub genes presented highly correlation with disease severity. In particular, BPI and MMP8 encoding proteins in plasma achieved higher expression in severe and dead cases, which indicated an adverse disease development and suggested a frustrating prognosis. These findings provide new insight into severe influenza pathogenesis and identify two significant candidate genes that were superior to the conventional clinical indicators. These candidate genes or encoding proteins could be biomarker for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic targets for severe influenza infection.
A novel Cytochrome P450 26A1 expressing NK cell subset at the mouse maternal‐foetal interface
Authors: Wei Dan‐Ping , Li Dan‐Dan , Gu Ai‐Qin , Ji Wen‐Heng , Yang Ying , Peng Jing‐Pian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCyp26a1 had important roles in mouse embryo implantation and was highly expressed in some of NK cells at the human maternal‐foetal interface in early pregnancy. However, the regulatory effect of Cyp26a1 on NK cells remains poorly understood. Through qPCR and flow cytometric assays, we found that Cyp26a1 was expressed by mouse uterine NK cells but not spleen NK cells during the peri‐implantation period and there was a group of NK cells that highly expressed Cyp26a1, that is Cyp26a1+NK cell subset. single cell‐population transcriptome sequencing on Cyp26a1+NK and Cyp26a1−NK cell subsets was performed. We found that there were 3957 differentially expressed genes in the Cyp26a1+NK cell subset with a cut‐off of fold change ≥2 and FDR < 0.01, 2509 genes were up‐regulated and 1448 genes were down‐regulated in Cyp26a1+NK cell subset. Moreover, cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction signalling pathway and natural killer cell–mediated cytotoxicity signalling pathway were enriched according to KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. We further found that the expression of Gzma and Klrg1 was significantly increased and Fcgr4 was significantly decreased when inhibiting Cyp26a1. Our experimental results show that there is a novel NK cell subset of Cyp26a1+NK cells in mouse uterus and Cyp26a1 can regulate the gene expression of Gzma, Klrg1 and Fcgr4 in the Cyp26a1+NK cells.
Saccharomycomorphapsychra n. g., n. sp., a Novel Member of Glissmonadida (Cercozoa) Isolated from Arctic and Antarctica
Authors: Feng Jian‐Ju , He Chen‐Yang , Jiang Shu‐Hua , Zhang Tao , Yu Li‐Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA novel genus and species within the order Glissmonadida (Cercozoa, Rhizaria), Saccharomycomorpha psychra n. g., n. sp., is described from lichen in the Ny‐Ålesund region (High Arctic) and moss in the Fildes peninsula of King George Island (Maritime Antarctica). Cells were spherical and did not appear to present flagella in organic‐rich Potato Dextrose Agar medium where they were able to feed osmotrophically. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rRNA gene sequence demonstrated that Saccharomycomorpha psychra belong to “clade T” within the order Glissmonadida (Cercozoa, Rhizaria). All three investigated strains could grow at 4 °C and had an optimum growth temperature of 12 °C, 20 °C, and 20 °C, while a maximum growth temperature of 20 °C, 20 °C, and 25 °C, respectively. In conclusion, we established the phenotypic identity of “clade T,” which until now was exclusively detected by environmental sequences, and erect a new family Saccharomycomorphidae for “clade T.” Nomenclatural, morphological and ecological aspects of this novel species are discussed.
When destruction comes first: Two new species of Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from a deeply‐impacted river in the Rio São Francisco basin in Brazil
Authors: Penido Iago S. , Pessali Tiago C. , Zawadzki Cláudio H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnvironmental disasters affecting Brazilian rivers have been frequent recently, especially involving mining activities. Two recent dam‐rupture events suddenly released millions of cubic meters of iron tailings downstream into two major Brazilian watersheds. These events generated major losses to the environment and human life. Additionally, the biodiversity in both watersheds was still incompletely known. Two new species of the armoured catfish genus Hypostomus were discovered in the Rio Paraopeba and surrounding rivers of the Rio São Francisco Basin. The species share some main characteristics including a depressed body, large dark spots on a clearer background and the absence of keels on flanks. However, while one species (Hypostomus freirei sp. n.) has a large mandibular ramus and numerous slender teeth, the other (Hypostomus guajupia sp. n.) has a shorter mandibular ramus and few robust teeth. The discovery of these two new mid‐sized fish species emphasizes the presumption that the effects of major environmental disasters cannot be fully estimated as local biodiversity is not completely known. This discovery in a recently devastated area also shows that tough environmental laws for the protection, supervision and mitigation of major impacts are urgently needed in developing countries.
Maize endosperm development
Authors: Dai Dawei , Ma Zeyang , Song Rentao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent breakthroughs in transcriptome analysis and gene characterization have provided valuable resources and information about the maize endosperm developmental program. The high temporal‐resolution transcriptome analysis has yielded unprecedented access to information about the genetic control of seed development. Detailed spatial transcriptome analysis using laser‐capture microdissection has revealed the expression patterns of specific populations of genes in the four major endosperm compartments: the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL), aleurone layer (AL), starchy endosperm (SE), and embryo‐surrounding region (ESR). Although the overall picture of the transcriptional regulatory network of endosperm development remains fragmentary, there have been some exciting advances, such as the identification of OPAQUE11 (O11) as a central hub of the maize endosperm regulatory network connecting endosperm development, nutrient metabolism, and stress responses, and the discovery that the endosperm adjacent to scutellum (EAS) serves as a dynamic interface for endosperm‐embryo crosstalk. In addition, several genes that function in BETL development, AL differentiation, and the endosperm cell cycle have been identified, such as ZmSWEET4c, Thk1, and Dek15, respectively. Here, we focus on current advances in understanding the molecular factors involved in BETL, AL, SE, ESR, and EAS development, including the specific transcriptional regulatory networks that function in each compartment during endosperm development.
Generations and Change in Central America: An Introduction
Authors: Burrell Jennifer L. , Moodie Ellen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this introduction we consider generation and change in Central America as part of the celebration of the twenty‐fifth anniversary of this journal. We reflect on meanings of generation, starting with Salvador Allende's 1972 declaration: “To be young and not revolutionary may even be a biological contradiction.” Karl Mannheim's theorization of generation as a cohort sharing formative experiences in particular historical moments, often requiring “wholly new minds,” becomes crucial in our understanding of the concept. To follow Mannheim's claim, we trace histories of Central American political generations in the past half‐century. While our collection uncovers many moments of generational difference and tension—particularly in Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador—we also find that conflicts can be opportunities for dialogue, for forms of mutual engagement, as cases in Costa Rica and Guatemala demonstrate.