bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverted L-shaped with rectangular annular ring ground plane 4-port MIMO antenna for satellite and 5G NR applications
Authors: Mishra Brijesh , Singh Aditya Kumar , Sayeed Saiyed Salim , Pandey Amrees 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article introduces a compact (32 × 64 × 0.8 mm3) four port MIMO antenna for K-band for satellite and for band 5G NR- n257, n258 & n261 for mmWave applications. The proposed antenna is designed at 24 GHz and selected an optimal design (Stage 3) after successive analysis of different stages (Stage 1, Stage 2 & Stage 3) performance. The radiating plane consists of an inverted L-shaped geometry, whereas the ground plane has a rectangular annular ring geometry. The proposed antenna offers an extremely large bandwidth of 20.02–30.8 GHz (simulated) & 20.2–30.3 GHz (measured) and an excellent isolation of greater than 25 dB in entire band. The suggested four-port MIMO antenna system obtained a significant peak gain of 9.5 dB at 24 GHz frequency. MIMO performance metrics in terms of ECC (envelope correlation coefficient), DG (diversity gain), TARC (channel capacity loss), CCL (channel capacity loss) and MEG (mean effective gain) of the proposed antenna is also studied and found in acceptable limits; ECC (0.00003), DG (9.87 dB), TARC (< −10 dB) CCL (< 0.4 bps Hz−1 s−1) and MEG ((−12 dB < MEG < −3 dB). Simulated results of the proposed antenna are validated with experimental results and found in close proximity. The performance of the proposed antenna makes it suitable for satellite and 5G and 5G advanced applications.
Many-body perturbation-theory calculation of electronic and optical properties of β-phase Be3N2
Authors: Nava J J , Arzate-Plata N , Ponce-Ruiz Jesús L A , Reyes-Serrato A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The hexagonal β-phase of bulk Be3N2 is a wide band gap semiconductor with potential ultraviolet (UV) optoelectronics applications. Here, we have performed the first theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of the β phase of Be3N2 considering many-body effects. In particular, we have obtained the electronic band structure and spectra of the dielectric function, complex refractive index and electron energy loss function. For the calculation of the band structure, both Density Functional Theory and G0W0 approximation plus Wannier interpolation of the bands have been applied. For the calculation of the optical spectra, we have employed both the independent particle approach as well as the formalism that incorporates many-body and excitonic effects, by applying G0W0 approximation and solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE). The results show, for instance, that the spectrum of the imaginary part of the dielectric function of β-Be3N2 has an anisotropic behavior. Even more, the material shows its highest absorption peak in the UV range, which makes it interesting due to its possible high-temperature photodetection applications. Also, in the visible energy range of the spectrum, the index of refraction along the z-axis (see figure 1) is predicted to be around 1.6, which is a high value for a solid.
Shield tail clearance images feature extraction based on semi-supervised semantic segmentation
Authors: Zeng Liang , Zhang Chenning , Yan Xingao , Wang Shanshan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Manual extraction of shield tail clearance image features is usually subjective, time-consuming and limited. Deep learning methods have shown tremendous potential in shield tail clearance images feature extraction, and can overcome the shortcomings of manual feature extraction effectively. However, most of the current deep learning methods need a huge volume of labelled data, which constrains their widespread use in practical engineering. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised learning model-Semi-SegSTC to achieve feature extraction for shield tail clearance image. The method consists of a student model and a teacher model, which have the same structure as well as weight initialization. The two models are based on DeepLabV3+ network, which firstly adopts ResNet-50 as the backbone network to improve the segmentation accuracy while reducing the network parameters, and secondly integrates the criss-cross attention mechanism to improve the network's ability to extract the shield tail clearance image features by increasing the weights of the effective channels in the image. Firstly we input the weakly enhanced unlabelled image into the model for prediction to obtain pseudo-labels, retaining the pseudo-labels only when the model produces a high confidence prediction, and using the prediction obtained by inputting this pseudo-labels to the model after supervising a strongly enhanced version of the same image. We conduct extensive experiments on the shield tail clearance images dataset as well as the PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset, and the results show that our proposed method consistently exhibits excellent performance when trained with limited labelled data.&#xD;
Negative capacitance source pocket double gate tunnel FET as a label-free dielectrically modulated biosensor
Authors: Babu K Murali Chandra , Goel Ekta 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines the potential use of Negative Capacitance Source Pocket Double Gate Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (NC-SP-DGTFET) as a biosensor capable of detecting the biomolecules present in the nanocavity. The proposed biosensor incorporated a gate dielectric engineering along with the channel engineering method and asymmetrical doping at source and drain regions. In addition, a nanocavity is formed by selectively removing a section of the gate dielectric at the source and drain ends to accompany the biomolecules in the device. The biosensing performance measures Threshold Voltage Sensitivity (

S

V

th

), ION/IOFF Current Ratio Sensitivity (

S

I

ON

/

I

OFF

), and Drain Current Sensitivity (

S

I

DS

), with 60.3, 372.3, and 395.4 respectively are observed with neutral charge of biomolecules. The investigation involves biomolecules with positive and negative charges, which are tested under different dielectric constants in the nanocavity. In addition, an extensive investigation of a partially filled nanocavity caused by steric hindrance has been presented to capture the current situation. The study examined several scenarios with partially filled nanocavities to analyze the sensitivity characteristics, including convex, concave, increasing, and decreasing step profiles, as well as the positioning of the probe in an asymmetric manner. The study compares several sensitivity characteristics of the NC-SP-DGTFET with existing biosensors to determine the effectiveness of the proposed biosensor. The NC-SP-DGTFET biosensor outperforms traditional TFET-based biosensors by using a ferroelectric material as the oxide material. This choice of material enhances the subthreshold slope, increases gate control over the channel, and demonstrates its suitability for low-power biosensor design.
Study of Optical, Thermoelectric, and Mechanical Behaviors of Double PerovskitesCs2SnVX6(X = Cl, Br, I) for Renewable Energy
Authors: Mera Abeer , Rouf Syed Awais , Alofi Ayman S. , Mahmood Qasim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Double perovskites are emerging materials for solar cells and renewable energy applications. Here this research emphasizes the optical, transport, and mechanical characteristics of Cs2SnVX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) for renewable energy. The structural and dynamic stabilities of these double perovskites in the cubic phase have been ensured by the tolerance factor (0.94, 0.93, 0.91) and the Ab initio molecular dynamic (AIMD) simulation. Furthermore, formation energy and elastic constants have also been reported, which provide evidence of thermodynamic and mechanical stability. The band gaps analyzed by TB-mBJ potential are 1.48 eV, 1.29 eV, and 0.22 eV for the Cs2SnVCl6, Cs2SnVBr6, and Cs2SnVI6, respectively. The band gap of Cs2SnVBr6 is standard for solar cells. The absorption band exists in the visible to infrared zone, with minimal optical losses. The transport behavior has been addressed through the BoltztraP code, whose large thermoelectric performance has been confirmed by the figure of merit (1.10, 0.90, 0.65) at 300K, and ultralow lattice thermal conductivity. From mechanical analysis, it is assumed that Cs2SnVCl6 has a ductile nature (B/G = 2.0) while Cs2SnVBr6 and Cs2SnVI6 have a brittle nature (B/G = 1.26, 0.94). Moreover, their hardness, large Debye, and melting temperature are also important for device fabrication.
Rayleigh-Taylor instability in inhomogeneous relativistic classical and degenerate electron-ion magnetoplasmas
Authors: Dey Rupak , Misra A. P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) of electrostatic plane wave perturbations in compressible relativistic magnetoplasma fluids with thermal ions under gravity in three different cases of when (i) electrons are in isothermal equilibrium, i.e., classical or nondegenerate, (ii) electrons are fully degenerate (with $T_e=0$), and (iii) electrons are partially degenerate or have finite temperature degeneracy (with $T_e\neq0$). While in the cases of (i) and (iii), we focus on the regimes where the particle's thermal energy is more or less than the rest mass energy, i.e., $\beta_e \equiv k_{\mathrm B}T_e/{m_ec^2}<1~\rm{or}~>1$, the case (ii) considers from weakly to ultra-relativistic degenerate regimes. A general expression of the growth rate of instability is obtained and analyzed in the three different cases relevant to laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, which generalize and advance the previous theory on RTI.
Symmetric difference data enhancement physics-informed neural network for solving discrete nonlinear lattice equations
Authors: Zhou Jian-Chen , Wen Xiao-Yong , Guo Ming-Juan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a symmetric difference data enhancement physics-informed neural network (SDE-PINN) to study soliton solutions for discrete nonlinear lattice equations (NLEs). By considering known and unknown symmetric point, numerical simulations are conducted to one soliton and two-soliton solutions of discrete KdV equation as well as one-soliton solution of discrete Toda lattice equation. Compared with the existing discrete deep learning approach, the numerical results reveal that within the specified spatiotemporal domain, the prediction accuracy by SDE-PINN is excellent regardless of the interior or extrapolation prediction, with a significant reduction in training time. The proposed data enhancement technique and symmetric structure development provide a new&#xD;perspective for the deep learning approach to solve discrete NLEs. The newly proposed SDE-PINN can also be applied to solve continuous nonlinear equations and other discrete NLEs numerically.
A Combined Smoothing Method of Ensemble Pulsar Timescale and Application for Pulsar Atomic Clock Combined Timescale
Authors: Yang Tinggao , Tong Minglei , Li Bian , Zhang Zhehao , Zhu Xingzhi , Gao Yuping 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Clock difference between the ensemble pulsar timescale (PT) and the International Atomic Time (TAI) PT-TAI derived from the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) data set indicates a very similar variation trend with the Terrestrial Time TT(BIPMXXXX)-TAI but PT has larger measurement error. In this paper, we discuss the smoothing method of PT using a combined smoothing filter and compare the results with that from other filters. The clock difference sequence between PT-TAI and the first time derivative series of the TT(BIPMXXXX)-TAI can be combined by a combined smoothing filter to yield two smooth curves tied by the constraints assuring that the latter is the derivative of the former. The ensemble pulsar time IPTA2016 with respect to TAI published by G. Hobbs et al. and first time derivative series of the TT(BIPM2017)-TAI with quadratic polynomial terms removed are processed by combined smoothing filter in order to demonstrate the properties of the smoothed results. How to correctly estimate two smoothing coefficients is described and the output results of the combined smoothing filter are analyzed. The results show that the combined smoothing method efficiently removes high frequency noises of two input data series and the smoothed data of the PT-TAI combine long term fractional frequency stability of the pulsar time and frequency accuracy of the terrestrial time. Fractional frequency stability analysis indicates that both short and medium time interval stability of the smoothed PT-TAI is improved while keeping its original long term frequency stability level. The combined smoothing filter is more suitable for smoothing observational pulsar timescale data than any filter that only performs smoothing of a single pulsar time series. The smoothed pulsar time by combined smoothing filter is a pulsar atomic time combined timescale. This kind of combined timescale can also be used as terrestrial time.
Studying Thermal and Dynamical Stability of Interacting Rényi and Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy Models in LTB Inhomogeneous Universe
Authors: Abdelrashied Mohamed , Aly Ayman , Selim Mustafa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This work aims to investigate the different stability conditions of two scenarios of the inhomogeneous Lemaitre–Tolman–Bond model of the universe with holographic dark energy. We considered the Rényi and Tsallis holographic models of interacting dark energy. These holographic models are investigated using the IR cutoff that equals the Hubble horizon. Various stability conditions of these models have been investigated to understand how much these models can tell us about the recent and future epochs of the universe in comparison with the cosmological constant model, or ΛCDM model. The conditions of violating the cosmological energy conditions have been studied. The evolution of the entropy and its first and second derivatives have been calculated and plotted for these holographic models. This gives an idea of how far these models satisfy the generalized second law of thermodynamics and hence have thermodynamical stability. The dynamical stability is studied for these evolved models, which give us glimpses of the dynamical stability at different phases of its evolution. We focus on investigating the stability in recent and near future times up to z ≤ −4. Further investigation of stability has been obtained by studying the evolved sound speed squared parameter for these models, which gave us a final and decisive evaluation of the stability of these models.
The Effect of Sulphate Compound Addition to Soundless Chemical Demolition Agent Expansion Pressure
Authors: Nor A.M. , Hashim M.H.M. , Hashim S.F.S. , Ahmad M.R. , Shah A.N.S.A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Soundless Chemical Demolition Agent (SCDA) is a composite that can be used in rock breaking applications as an alternative to blasting. The SCDA is used to fill in the holes of a boulder that needs to be broken. The long time taken to apply SCDA, up to 12 hours or more, can be reduced by adding a sulphate compound to SCDA. The SCDA used in this study is DEXPAN which is then substituted with 5%- 30% of potassium sulphate and calcium sulphate to observe the expansion pressure rate. The addition of 30% potassium sulphate and calcium sulphate shows a significant increase of the expansion pressure rate. The presence of ettringite has increased when the sulphate compound is mixed with SCDA, showing that the mechanism occurs to improve the performance of SCDA. This work can potentially be used to understand the mechanisms of SCDA better and provide new ideas to be applied more effectively.
Influence of Alkaline Treated Sugarcane Bagasse Loading on Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Films
Authors: Dzulkafly Nuur Syuhada , Rashid Azura A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Agricultural waste is a natural source of biomaterials that can be used as filler to create a variety of high-value industrial products. Agricultural waste gains more interest due to it is economical, cheap, readily available, and environmentally friendly. However, agricultural waste requires modification in order to improve its compatibility with Natural Rubber (NR) latex due to its incompatibility. This paper aims to determine the effect of the addition of the alkaline-treated sugarcane bagasse (ATSB) in NR latex film on its mechanical properties. Sugarcane bagasse was treated with 2% sodium hypochlorite to chemically modify the fiber and was used as filler in NR latex films. The tensile and tear properties of the ATSB filled with NR latex were observed at different filler loadings (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 phr). The tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile modulus decreased significantly with the increase of ATSB filler loading. Meanwhile, tear strength increases with the addition of ATSB fillers. The optimum loading of ATSB fillers was observed at 5 phr. The alkaline treatment removes the lignin bound to the sugarcane bagasse, enhancing the interaction between ATSB and NR latex, which results in a higher tensile strength compared to the sugarcane bagasse powder films. Thus, ATSB fillers can be added into NR latex as a potential biodegradable filler.
Fabrication of thermochromic polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) blend as temperature sensor
Authors: Leong Zy Fai , Chan Qi-Hua , Marsilla Ku Ishak Ku 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Global plastic pollution concerns and materials advancements have facilitated the development of new biodegradable smart materials. This study focused on the fabrication of temperature sensors from polylactic acid (PLA)/polybutylene co-adipate terephthalate (PBAT) blends incorporated with thermochromic black (TCB) pigments. Blends of different PLA/PBAT weight ratios (100/0, 70/30, 50/50, 30/70, 0/100) and pigment concentrations (0, 1, 3 phr) were tested using visual and colorimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, tensile test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pigmented specimens showed dark grey and white colorations at temperatures 10 and 35 °C respectively, indicating visible thermochromism. FTIR detected no chemical reaction between constituents in the blends. Tensile strength of PLA/PBAT blends decreased when more pigments were added. From SEM, phase separation between PLA and PBAT was unaffected by the incorporation of pigments. We concluded that PLA70/PBAT30 and PLA30/PBAT70 blends with 1 phr pigments were the most suitable to fabricate temperature sensors.
Effect of Load on Tribological Behaviour of 3D Printed Composite
Authors: Ling Jia Hui , Ismail Khairul Izwan , Ramarad Suganti , Yap Tze Chuen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Understanding the tribological behaviours of parts printed through Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is crucial for optimizing the application of FDM-printed components. A new composite, PLA-F which blended PLA and ABS was developed in the last decade. However, no tribological data for this new composite was reported. The effect of load on the tribological behaviour of 3D printed PLA-F was investigated in current work via pin-on-disc test. The coefficient of friction, wear rate, and specific wear rate at applied loads ranged from 2.5 N to 20 N were determined. With the increase of applied load, it was seen that coefficient of friction (COF) reduced from 0.79 and remained constant at 0.6 after 15 N, wear rate increased from 1.02×10−6 g/m to 7.51×10−6 g/m and specific wear rate ranged between 3.32×10−7 g/Nm to 4.10×10−7 g/Nm. Worn surfaces of the samples were observed using a digital microscope. Various wear mechanisms such as delamination, grooves, ploughing, and fatigue wear were observed, and severe wear was observed at high applied load. This insight holds significance for optimizing its utilization and minimizing wear-related issues in practical applications.
Optimizing of machining parameters for Hypereutectic Aluminium Silicon Alloys A390 with minimum quantity lubrication in turning using vegetable-based nano fluids
Authors: Nur Nadirah M.R. , Musfirah A.H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aluminium alloys are rapidly developing in response to regulatory and industry trends. The automotive industry’s push for lighter, more fuel-efficient vehicles has driven the fast-paced development and adoption of aluminium alloys, which have historically been regarded as the automotive production material with the fastest rate of growth. Parts made of aluminium alloys are significantly lighter than those made of steel, which can improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions, making aluminium an environmentally friendly choice. The high silicon concentration in aluminium silicon alloys A390, which varies from 17 to 18% and has good casting qualities, affects the machinability process. In order to optimise machining settings and determine the aspects that most effect surface roughness, this study looks at the machinability performance, concentrating on the surface roughness of machined surfaces. The cutting parameters employed in this study were a constant depth of cut of 0.1 mm, a feed rate of 0.1 to 0.3 mm/min, and a cutting speed range of 300 to 900 m/min. The turning machining process was performed utilising nano-based silicon dioxide (SiO2)-based fluids combined with palm oil as a lubricant under minimal quantity lubricant (MQL) conditions. Next, a mathematical model was developed to predict outcomes, optimize processes, understand variable relationships, and save time and resources. The effect of machining parameters on surface roughness was investigated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA revealed that feed rate and speed were important factors. The best settings for minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) were 900 m/min for the cutting speed and 0.1 mm/min for the feed rate. With these settings, 0.451 μm of minimised surface roughness was attained.
Construction of a multifunctional bio-probe based on lanthanides for UCL/MR/CT multimodal imaging in vivo
Authors: Xiang Lijun , Wang Chengying , Mao Yifu , Jiang Yong , Hu Zhifeng , Wang Yong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Multimodal bioimaging is beneficial for clinical diagnosis and research due to the provision of comprehensive diagnostic information. However, the design of multifunctional bio-probes aggregating multiple bioimaging functions is greatly challenging. In this study, a multifunctional bio-probe based on lanthanide-based nanomaterials Sr2GdF7: Yb3+/Er3+/Tm3+ (abbreviated as SGF) was developed for in vivo multimodal imaging by co-adopting apropos lanthanides and tuning their molar ratio. The experimental results indicate that SGF incorporates multiple excellent properties, such as 10 nm small size, optimal red-NIR region emissions, strong paramagnetism, excellent x-ray absorption ability and high biological safety. More importantly, SGF successfully realized in vivo multimodal imaging of upconversion luminescence, magnetic resonance and x-ray computed tomography at the animal level. Thus, SGF is expected to become a multifunctional bio-probe for clinical research/diagnosis. This research would promote the application and transformation of lanthanide fluorides nanomaterials in the field of clinical diagnosis to a certain extent.