bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy Among Reproductive Women in West Gojjam Zone of Amhara Region: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bayu Eyayu Kasseye , Demeke Getaneh Bizuayehu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The aims of this study was to assess knowledge and attitudes of reproductive women (15-49) towards alcohol consumption during pregnancy in West Gojjam of Amhara region.Methods: Community based cross sectional study design was employed. The structured questionnaires were used to assess the knowledge and attitude of alcohol consumption among reproductive women during pregnancy. The sample size was calculated by using a single population proportion formula. Accordingly, the calculated sample size was 380 after adding 10% for non-response rate.Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regressions was employed. Adjusted Odds Ratios together with corresponding 95% confidence intervals was used to interpret the findings.Results: The majority of women 308(82.4%) were know the problems of drinking alcohol during pregnancy from 374 total study participants. Knowledge of women with regard to problems of drinking alcohol during pregnancy were associated literate women (AOR=0.416; 95%CI=0.207-0.836) and risk of alcohol consumption during pregnancy low (AOR=9.468; 95% CI=3.466-25.868).Addationally,attitude of women for consumption of alcohol have significant effect on health associated with occupation status a housewife ((AOR=4.620; 95% CI= (1.255-17.012), had own business(AOR=17.344;95% CI=1.821165.148), alcohol consumption for 3-4 days a week(AOR=11.278;95%CI =1.231-103.287),relative encourage diriking alcohol (AOR=0.309;95%=0.110-0.868), Women who had previously health problems (AOR=0.330;95% CI=0.152-0.717), women who perceive the risk of alcohol consumption have beneficial effect on health is medium(AOR=7.112; 95% CI =3.108-16.270), attitudes of women towards alcohol consumption have beneficial effect on health is high (AOR= 4.902;95% CI =1.474-16.297),women who agree on the consumption of alcohol during pregnancy is valuable(AOR=0.082;95% CI =0.023-0.287).Conclusion: The study revealed that, the knowledge of women on the health effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy high. Their attitude also towards alcohol consumption is low and medium. Interventions focused on creating awareness about the harmful effects of alcohol consumption on pregnancy should implemented.
Experimental Investigation on Granite Cutting by Means of Diamond Frame Saw
Authors: Wu Junjie , Zhang Jinsheng , Zhang Heng , Dong Peiyu , Ouyang Congsen , Wang Kaida 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A great quantity of granite sawing experiments was carried out to explore the cutting performance offrame sawing machine with the horizontal reciprocating cutting mode.A model of average thickness of cutting chip was established, and characteristics of cutting forces were analyzed. The mechanism of wear was revealed by analyzing the width of the saw kerf and the wear morphology of the diamond segments. The results showed that the wear resistance and the cutting forces ncrease as the feed speed. The cutting forces change abruptly at the reversing point during granite cutting. At the same time, the proportion of macro-fractured and pulled-out particles and the mean wear rate of segments increase with the feed speed, and the mean protrusion height of the grits is less than 100 μm. The width of the saw kerf is gradually reduced as the sawing progresses, forming an inverted cone with a large upper side and a small lower side. Besides, the studies found that the wear of the segments remains consistent in two directions. The prominent phenomenon of the diamond particles on the side surface is more obvious as the feed speed increases.The research can provide certain data support for granite cutting, and lay the foundation for the subsequent optimization of the structure and equipment.
Autoregulation and Dual Stepping Mode of MYA2, an Arabidopsis Myosin XI Responsible for Cytoplasmic Streaming
Authors: Haraguchi Takashi , Ito Kohji , Morikawa Takamitsu , Shoji Nao , Iwaki Mitsuhiro , Tominaga Motoki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana has 13 genes belonging to the myosin XI family. Myosin XI-2 (MYA2) plays a major role in the generation of cytoplasmic streaming in cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular properties of MYA2 expressed by the baculovirus transfer system. Actin-activated ATPase activity and in vitro motility assays revealed that activity of MYA2 was regulated by the globular tail domain (GTD), When the GTD is not bound to the cargo, the GTD inhibits ADP dissociation from the motor domain. Optical nanometry of single MYA2 molecules, combining TIRF microscopy and the FIONA method, revealed that the MYA2 processively moved on actin with three different step sizes: −28 nm, 29 nm, and 60 nm, at low ATP concentrations. This result indicates that MYA2 uses two different stepping modes, hand-over-hand and inchworm-like. Force measurement using optical trapping showed the stall force of MYA2 was 0.85 pN, which was less than half that of myosin V (2 − 3 pN). These results indicated that MYA2 is more flexible than the myosin V responsible for vesicle transport in animal cells. Such flexibility may enable multiple myosin XIs to transport organelles quickly and smoothly, for the generation of cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells.
Data-Driven Analysis of Neutron Diffraction Line Profiles: Application to Plastically Deformed Ta
Authors: Tallman Aaron , Pokharel Reeju , Bamney Darshan , Spearot Douglas , Clausen Bjorn , Lebensohn Ricardo , Brown Donald , Capolungo Laurent 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Non-destructive evaluation of plastically deformed metals, particularly diffraction line profile analysis (DLPA), is valuable both to estimate dislocation densities and arrangements and to validate microstructure-aware constitutive models. To date, the interpretation of whole line diffraction profiles relies on the use of semi-analytical models such as the extended convolutional multiple whole profile (eCMWP) method. This study introduces and validates two data-driven DLPA models to extract dislocation densities from experimentally gathered whole line diffraction profiles. Using two distinct virtual diffraction models accounting for both strain and instrument induced broadening, a database of virtual diffraction whole line profiles of Ta single crystals is generated using discrete dislocation dynamics. The databases are mined to create Gaussian process regression-based surrogate models, allowing dislocation densities to be extracted from experimental profiles. The method is validated against 11 experimentally gathered whole line diffraction profiles from plastically deformed Ta polycrystals. The newly proposed model predicts dislocation densities consistent with estimates from eCMWP. Advantageously, this data driven LPA model can distinguish broadening originating from the instrument and from the dislocation content even at low dislocation densities. Finally, the data-driven model is used to explore the effect of heterogeneous dislocation densities in microstructures containing grains, which may lead to more accurate data-driven predictions of dislocation density in plastically deformed polycrystals.
A Plan Robustness Qualification Method of Volumetric Arc Radiotherapy (VMAT) of Set Up Uncertainty in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) Radiotherapy
Authors: Ding Zhen , Xiang Xiaoyong , Zeng Qi , Ma Jun , Dai Zhitao , Kang Kailian , Bi Suyan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the set-up sensitivity of VMAT plans for Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment by proposing a plan robustness evaluation method. Methods: 10 patients were selected for this study. A 2-arc volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plan was generated for each patient using Varian Eclipse (13.6 Version) treatment planning system (TPS). 5 uncertainty plans (U-plans) were calculated based on the first 5 times set-up errors acquired from cone beam comuter tomography (CBCT). The dose differences and plan robustness of all the PTVs, CTVs, GTVs, and organs at risk (OARs) were analyzed. Tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissues complication probability (NTCP) were calculated for biological evaluation. Results: The mean dose differences of D98 and D95 (△D98 and△D95) of PTVnx were respectively 3.30 Gy and 2.02 Gy. The △D98 and△D95 of CTVnx were 1.12 Gy and 0.58 Gy. The △D98 and△D95 of GTVnx were 0.56 Gy and 0.33 Gy. The dose coverage of GTVnx and CTVnx was guaranteed with minor dose variation. GTVnd exhibited strong robustness with little variation of D98 (0.5%) and D95 (0.9%). The △D98 and△D95 of CTVnd were 1.39 Gy and 1.03 Gy, distinctively lower than those in PTVnd (2.8 Gy and 2.0 Gy). No marked mean dose variations of Dmean were seen. The mean reduction of TCP (△TCP) in GTVnx and CTVnx were respectively 0.4% and 0.3%. The mean △TCP of GTVnd and CTVnd were 0.92 % and 1.3 % respectively. The CTV exhibited the largest △TCP (2.2 %). In OARs, the optical nerve chiasma was the one with the highest change, with a mean dose variation of 8.81 Gy. The Dmean of bilateral parotids varied in a large range. The mean reduction of NTCP (△NTCP) in the left parotid gland was 13.30%, which sharply increased the risk of parotid gland dysfunction. Conclusion: VMAT plans had a strong sensitivity to set-up uncertainty in NPC radiotherapy, due to the high degree of modulation. We proposed an effective method to evaluate the plan robustness of VMAT plans. Plan robustness and complexity should be taken into account in photon radiotherapy.
Return To Work After Cell Transplantation in Patients With Angiitis-Induced Critical Limb Ischemia and Factors Related
Authors: Liu Hao , Liu Yifan , Pan Tianyue , Fang Yuan , Fang Gang , Jiang Xiaolang , Chen Bin , Wei Zheng , Gu Shiyang , Liu Peng , Fu Weiguo , Dong Zhihui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds:

Angiitis-induced critical limb ischemia (AICLI) patients, who are usually with young age and high amputation rate, always lose their labor force. Return to work (RTW), not only mean patients’ physical health for they could undertake the work but also demonstrate their psychological well-being. While cell transplantation showed satisfactory efficacy for AICLI patients, few studies in terms of AICLI patients’ returning to work after transplantation were reported.
Methods

From May 2009 to May 2021, AICLI patients who underwent cell transplantation and completed a no less than 12-month follow-up were retrospectively enrolled. Primary endpoint was RTW. Patients’ demographic characteristics, characteristics of ischemic limb, etc. were reviewed to analyze independent risk factors in terms of RTW.
Results

171 AICLI patients (170 males) were enrolled with a mean age of 41.9 ± 9.6 years (range, 20–57 years). The 12-month and 24-month RTW cumulative rates were 69.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 61.6%-75.6%) and 70.1% (95% CI 62.3%-76.2%), respectively. Age < 40 years (OR 2.659, 95% CI 1.138–6.719), and preoperative job as mental workers (OR 8.930, 95% CI 2.665–42.847) were identified as independent protective factors for RTW, perioperative limb infection of patients with ulcer or gangrene (OR 0.250, 95% CI 0.075–0.779) was identified as independent risk factor.
Conclusion

AICLI patients who underwent cell transplantation were with a satisfactory mid-term RTW cumulative rate. AICLI patients < 40 years old with preoperative occupation as mental workers were more likely to return to work. Prevention of limb infection during the perioperative period is of great significance to RTW.
Quantifying the Spatial Distribution of Soil Nitrogen Under Long-Term Drip Fertigation
Authors: Bi Yaran , Wang Linlin , Wu Wenyong , Liao Renkuan , Bi xiangshuai , Hou Lizhu , Chen Yuehong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Quantifying the spatial distribution of nitrogen (N) in the soil under long-term drip fertigation events is essential for the optimal regulation of drip fertigation systems. In this study, a greenhouse soil that has been under drip irrigation for 20 years was selected as the research object, and soil samples were collected from 0-50 cm soil depth. The concentrations of N in soil samples were measured and their spatial distribution characteristics were quantified by classical statistical analysis and multifractal analysis. The results showed that long-term drip fertigation and the influence of natural factors resulted in the nitrate N mainly accumulating in the shallow layer of the soil and within a distance from the drip irrigation belt, and the spatial heterogeneity gradually decreased with increasing depth. The content of ammonium N was low and its distribution was observed in the whole section. Multifractal analysis indicated that the Δα value of nitrate N and inorganic N gradually increased with the increase of research scale, i.e., the spatial heterogeneity gradually increased, and it did not appreciably change for ammonium N. Meanwhile, the local high value region was the main factor leading to the spatial heterogeneity of N, and this dominant effect gradually increased with increasing depth. Multifractal analysis can effectively reflect the local information of N spatial distribution in the soil and provide a more detailed description of the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties.
"The impact of the regional factor in the democratic transition A comparative study between the experiences of Spain 1975 and Iraq 2003 "
Authors: Raheem Luqman 
Published: August 2021

Abstract The regional factor has always played an important role in the political developments of various countries and political experiences, as this factor constituted the role of the direct incubator for all the successful and failed experiences of political development throughout our time. The process of democratization is considered one of the most important political experiments of our time, which gained wide momentum after the Second World War. Especially after the peoples of the world realized the importance and preference of this system compared to the rest of the political systems. After the end of the Cold War, the world witnessed a remarkable trend towards liberal democracy, exhilarated by the euphoria of the victory of the Western camp led by the United States of America over its eastern historical opponent (led by the Soviet Union). Liberal democracy and its sovereignty over the world, rather they unleashed an unbridled optimism that says: "The peoples and societies of the world are moving towards adopting the model of liberal democracy, because it is the model most responsive to the aspirations of human freedom and the release of his energies."
Jasa Ekosistem dalam Perspektif Masyarakat Perkotaan di Sungai Code
Authors: Jannah Miftahul , Kurniawan Andri , Pangaribowo Evita Hanie 
Published: September 2021

Abstrak.Berbagai perubahan pada ekosistem sungai di perkotaan khususnya Sungai Code penggal Gemawang-Sardjito, mengindikasikan pemahaman masyarakat mengenai jasa ekosistem masih minim. Guna mengetahui kondisi sebenarnya, maka studi ini dilakukan. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai antara lain untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik ekosistem dan mengidentifikasi tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai jasa ekosistem dan komponen sungai. Penelitian menggunakan metode wawancara terstruktur dan observasi lapangan. Analisis deskriptif yang dilengkapi uji statistik dan analisis spasial digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa dominasi talud dan permukiman menyebabkan menurunnya peranan ekosistem sungai. Pengetahuan masyarakat terkait komponen sungai minim, namun pengetahuan tentang jasa ekosistem cenderung tinggi. Sebagian besar masyarakat tidak bisa menentukan area sempadan sungai dengan benar. Selain itu, pengetahuan masyarakat terkait jasa ekosistem belum menyeluruh. Hal ini menunjukkan perlunya peningkatan pemahaman sosial masyarakat terkait ekosistem sungai. Abstract.Some changes in urban ecosystem of Code River, particularly in line Gemawang-Sardjito indicated the lack of community understanding to ecosystem services. This study was conducted in order to assess the actual conditions. The objectives of this study are to analyze the ecosystem characteristics and to identify the level of community knowledge regarding to ecosystem services and river components. This study used structured interview and filed observation. Descriptive and spatial analyses combined with statistical test are used in this study. The results showed that settlements and embankment caused the declining of river ecosystem roles. We also found that the community knowledge was high related to ecosystem services, however their knowledge to the river components was minimal. Most of them could not determine the riparian area correctly. Moreover, the community knowledge regarding to ecosystem services had not been thorough yet. Therefore, the improvement of community understanding to the river ecosystem is necessary.
Achieving Accusation by Means of Forensic Science During the Criminal Proceedings in Romania
Authors: Magherescu Delia 
Published: August 2021

Achieving the functions of criminal procedure involves elements of forensic science used to fulfill the overall purpose of criminal proceedings. The function of accusation has a set of particularities and for this reason the approach taken is a key factor in achieving justice in criminal matters both from the judicial authorities and the defendant's perspectives. The legal mechanisms provided by the justice system must ensure equilibrium between accusation, defence and judgment. The current article focuses on the particular features of the function of accusation during the criminal proceedings as well as on the manner of its being exertion by means of forensic science. In the activity of reaching the proposed objectives, an in-depth research methodology has been used consisting of qualitative methods including case study presentations and conclusions obtained through analyzing jurisprudence in case law decisions pronounced by the courts of law in criminal matters. In this context, the forensic science is one that offers entire legal means and mechanisms in order for the judicial bodies to achieve the purpose of criminal proceedings and exercising the function of accusation implicitly.
The defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt in the Italian criminal justice system
Authors: Callari Francesco 
Published: August 2021

The criminal law standard of Beyond A Reasonable Doubt (BARD) constitutes an evidentiary and judicial rule, formulated and applied for centuries in common law jurisdictions, which was expressly stated in the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure only about fifteen years ago. Unfortunately, the concept of reasonable doubt is inherently complex and does not easily lend itself to definition or refinement. In this regard, the Author examines especially the various positions and elaborations developed by legal literature and case-law in Italy, proposing a specific interpretation of the BARD rule that enhances and completes the particular procedural connotations of the adversarial system adopted in the Italian criminal justice.
Justiça criminal e opinião pública na Itália entre os séculos XIX e XX
Authors: Lacchè Luigi 
Published: August 2021

Através do exemplo italiano – mas com referências, também, à experiência de formação do chamado “sistema misto” na França e à experiência da Grã-Bretanha, tida como modelar para os reformadores continentais – o presente artigo pretende demonstrar que a “justiça criminal dos modernos” é caracterizada desde as suas origens pelo vínculo – problemático – entre justiça criminal e opinião pública. Em um primeiro momento, apesar de algumas perplexidades, a publicidade é vista como um traço indelével de uma justiça criminal de um regime liberal. Em um segundo momento, a publicidade passa a ser atacada – pelos juristas da escola positiva, por exemplo – como algo incompatível com a cientificidade do processo judicial, até que a própria publicidade perderia o seu significado original com o advento do fascismo.
Le jury criminel en procès. Les opinions doctrinales des auteurs français (1750-1830).
Authors: Soleil Sylvain 
Published: August 2021

Le modèle anglais de jury criminel est admiré et réclamé dans l’Europe des Lumières, spécialement en France. Adopté dans l’enthousiasme par les révolutionnaires (1790-1791), il devient l’objet de critiques très vives parce que la pratique des années 1792-1800 révèle des failles dans le système. Les Thermidoriens, puis les membres du Directoire cherchent à rectifier le fonctionnement du double jury d’accusation et de jugement. En vain. Une première controverse doctrinale se déchaîne dans les années 1798-1808, lorsque Napoléon Bonaparte s’interroge sur le maintien du jury. Une seconde controverse doctrinale a lieu après la restauration du roi Louis XVIII, dans les années 1818-1828, lorsqu’il s’agit de réhabiliter le jury anglais comme symbole d’une justice criminelle équilibrée, mais aussi d’aller sur place pour observer en Angleterre la façon dont fonctionne la justice.
Le facce d’un diamante. Appunti per una storia dell’immediatezza nella procedura penale italiana
Authors: Miletti Marco Nicola 
Published: August 2021

Il saggio ripercorre alcune tappe dell’evoluzione del principio di immediatezza nella procedura penale italiana, entro l’arco cronologico compreso tra la fine del secolo XVIII e il codice Finocchiaro-Aprile del 1913. Dopo una breve rassegna delle diverse definizioni del lemma e un cenno diacronico alla demarcazione dal concetto di oralità, la ricerca muove dagli spunti offerti da ‘pionieri’ quali Francesco Mario Pagano e Niccola Nicolini; esamina la letteratura europea (francese e, soprattutto, tedesca) che permeò la riflessione dei giuristi italiani; quindi si addentra nella stagione post-unitaria. Quest’ultima fu connotata dal contrasto tra un codice di rito (1865) ancora prettamente inquisitorio e una dottrina tutt’altro che compatta: se i primi commentari e, ancor piú, la scuola carrariana classificavano l’immediatezza tra i canoni inderogabili della giustizia liberale, la scuola positiva vi scorgeva un indebito cedimento alle interferenze popolari ed emotive nel dibattimento. La lunga elaborazione del codice Finocchiaro-Aprile non solo stimolò un serrato confronto dottrinale ma partecipò a quel movimento per l’oralità grazie al quale Chiovenda confidava di modernizzare il rito civile e penale.
The French heritage put to the test of time: history of criminal procedure in Belgium (1814-2020)
Authors: Delrée Edouard 
Published: August 2021

The history of Belgium’s criminal procedure is deeply related to its French heritage through its Code d’instruction criminelle of 1808 still in force nowadays. In order to portray the modern history of Belgium’s criminal procedure, this paper aims at emphasizing the evolution of the reform initiatives regarding the most symbolic aspects inherited from the French procedure: the Code of 1808 itself, the pretrial investigation focused on the juge d’instruction’s person and the emblematic popular justice of the cour d’assises. Divided into six periods from 1814 to 2020, this historical research will address and contextualize issues such as the replacement or the maintaining of the French Code, the improvement of the instruction according to its Napoleonic main features or its transformation into another type of pretrial investigation as well as the limitation or even the abolition of popular justice.