bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inversion of regional surface-wave spectra for source parameters of aftershocks from the Loma Prieta earthquake
Authors: Beck Susan L. , Patton Howard J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Surface waves recorded at regional distances are used to study the source parameters for three of the larger aftershocks of the 18 October 1989, Loma Prieta, California, earthquake. The short-period P-wave first-motion focal mechanisms indicate a complex aftershock sequence with a wide variety of mechanisms. Many of these events are too small for teleseismic body-wave analysis; therefore, the regional surface-waves provide important long-period information on the source parameters. Intermediate-period Rayleigh- and Love-wave spectra are inverted for the seismic moment tensor elements at a fixed depth and repeated for different depths to find the source depth that gives the best fit to the observed spectra. For the aftershock on 19 October at 10:14:35 (md = 4.2), we find a strike-slip focal mechanism with right lateral motion on a NW-trending vertical fault consistent with the mapped trace of the local faults. For the aftershock on 18 October at 10:22:04 (md = 4.4), the surface waves indicate a pure reverse fault with the nodal planes striking WNW. For the aftershock on 19 October at 09:53:50 (md = 4.4), the surface waves indicate a strike-slip focal mechanism with a NW-trending vertical nodal plane consistent with the local strike of the San Andreas fault. Differences between the surface-wave focal mechanisms and the short-period P-wave first-motion mechanisms are observed for the aftershocks analyzed. This discrepancy may reflect the real variations due to differences in the band width of the two observations. However, the differences may also be due to (1) errors in the first-motion mechanism due to incorrect near-source velocity structure and (2) errors in the surface-wave mechanisms due to inadequate propagation path corrections.
Analyses of recorded responses of two high-rise buildings during the Loma Prieta earthquake of 18 October 1989
Authors: Şafak Erdal , Çelebi Mehmet 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Complete sets of acceleration records from two extensively instrumented high-rise buildings in the San Francisco Bay Area, the Transamerica Building and the Pacific Park Plaza building, have been obtained during the 18 october 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The pyramid-shaped Transamerica Building is 60-stories high with square cross section and steel frame construction, whereas the Y-shaped Pacific Park Plaza building is 30-stories high with three wings and of reinforced concrete moment-resisting frame construction. By using recorded motions, we identify the modal components of the response for each building, determine three-dimensional behavior and coupled modes, and investigate the torsional and soil-structure interaction effects.
The results show that the motion of the Transamerica Building is dominated by a coupled mode at 0.28 Hz. with 5% damping in the SW - NE direction. Another dominant mode at 0.52 Hz. with 4% damping is observed only in the E-W direction. There is also rocking in the building with a frequency of 2.15 Hz and 5% damping.
The dominant mode of the Pacific Park Plaza building is a translation in the SW-NE direction with a frequency of 0.4 Hz, and 13% damping. Other significant modes are at 0.7, 1.94, 3.93, and 4.39 Hz, and all are coupled modes. Relative wing displacements with respect to center core are large, about 50% of the center core displacements. The soil-structure interaction influences the motions at 0.7 Hz, and this is believed to be the frequency of the soil medium surrounding the building.
Both buildings were investigated prior to the earthquake by using ambient and forced vibrations tests and dynamic analyses. We find that identified frequencies in this study are lower and damping ratios are higher than those obtained from the previous investigations.
A re-examination of historic earthquakes in the San Jacinto fault zone, California
Authors: Bent Allison L. , Helmberger Donald V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe high level of seismic activity and the potential for large earthquakes in the San Jacinto fault zone, southern California, make it desirable to have accurate locations and source parameters for as many previous events as possible. Prior to the installation of a dense seismic network in this region, earthquakes were located using only a few stations with generally poor azimuthal coverage resulting in considerable uncertainty in the locations. We relocate and obtain moment estimates for historic (pre-WWSSN) earthquakes in the western Imperial Valley by comparing the waveforms and travel times with recent earthquakes in the region. All the events are in the ML 5.5 to 6.5 range. The historic earthquakes of interest occurred in 1937, 1942, and 1954. We use the 1968 Borrego Mountain, 1969 Coyote Mountain, and 1987 Elmore Ranch earthquakes as calibration events. We employ regional and teleseismic data from continuously operating stations, with Pasadena, DeBilt, Berkeley, Ottawa, and St. Louis recording most of the events. The waveforms imply that all the events are almost pure strike-slip events on vertical or near-vertical faults. Approximate values for the strikes were obtained and are within the range of observed strikes for well-studied earthquakes in this region. The earthquakes are relocated by comparing S-P and surface-wave - S travel times of historic events with the presumably well-located recent events. The relocations require only a small change in location for the 1954 event and a larger adjustment in the 1942 epicenter. It also appears that the 1969 earthquake may have been mislocated. The moment estimates are obtained by direct comparison of the maximum amplitudes. The moment estimates imply that the 1968 and not the 1942 earthquake is the largest to have occurred in the region this century. Previous magnitude estimates suggested the 1942 event was larger.
Curriculum Development Management In Increasing Student Excellence Research Context (Multisite Study at MTsN 1 Trenggalek and MTsN 2 Trenggalek)
Authors: Al Fata M. Triono , Adi Imam Fu’ , Na’im Ngainun , Patoni Achmad , , Maftukhin , , Akhyak 
Published: September 2021

This research is motivated by the design of curriculum development management which has a strategic position in increasing student excellence. Improving student excellence is an opportunity for madrasas as educational institutions that can produce a generation of superior, capable, strong character, following the civilization of the times. Madrasas that have curriculum development designs by taking into account the strengths of students in accordance with their respective potential advantages will provide space and opportunities for students to strengthen their character and excellence. This research uses a qualitative approach with a field research design. The results of this study are, the design of curriculum development that is centered on knowledge, the design of curriculum development in madrasas consists of planning based on the foundation, principles, and goals of education with the vision, mission of the madrasa and programs to increase student excellence determined by the educational institution.
Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni An Important Zoonotic Food Borne Pathogen from Mastitis Milk and Raw Milk Samples
Authors: Bobade Sumedha , Vijayarani K. , Tirumurugaan K.G. , Thangavelu A. , Vairamuthu S. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Campylobacter has emerged as an important zoonotic food borne pathogen of human and animals worldwide. Campylobacter is one of the most common bacterial enteropathogens of food borne origin in industrialized countries with C. jejuni being the most common species followed by C. coli. There are very few cases reported from mastitis therefore this study was aimed to determine the incidence of Campylobacter jejuni from from mastitis milk and raw milk samples. Methods: Total of 72 milk samples comprising mastitis milk (20) and raw milk (52) were collected. The samples were subjected to cultural examination, biochemical as well as molecular identification. The isolates were further subjected to phenotypic characterization by biochemical test and genotypic characterization by Polymerase Chain Reaction. The isolates were subjected to PCR targeting hip O and MAP A genes. Result: The 52 samples showed growth on modified Blood Free Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate agar media and 18 (34.61%) samples showed typical morphological characteristics. The result revealed that 10 (19.23%) isolates were positive by phenotypic characteristic and 7(70%) by Polymerase chain reaction for C. jejuni. The outcome result showed that importance of Campylobacter jejuni in cattle, especially raw milk and milk from mastitis cows, as a potential source for transmission of Campylobacteriosis in human and dairy farm environment. This can cause acute bacterial gastroenteritis in humans and associated with foodborn infection, food safety and a serious public health threat.
Pengolahan Limbah Tahu dan Potensinya
Authors: Cahyani Mutiara Regita , Zuhaela Intan Ayu , Saraswati Teguh Endah , Raharjo Sentot Budi , Pramono Edi , Wahyuningsih Sayekti , Lestari Witri Wahyu , Widjonarko Dian Maruto 
Published: September 2021

<p>Tahu merupakan produk makanan yang paling banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Produksi tahu di Indonesia masih banyak menggunakan metode konvensional dengan limbah yang dihasilkan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Limbah tahu mengandung senyawa organik dengan pH yang rendah dan merupakan salah satu penyumbang polutan pada lingkungan perairan apabila tidak dilakukan proses pengolahan terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan. Pengolahan limbah tahu dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa metode, seperti penambahan bakteri mikroorganisme efektif, plasma ozonasi, biogas dan produksi makanan. Potensi pengolahan limbah tahu menjadi produk yang lebih bermanfaat belum banyak dikenal masyarakat luas. Oleh karena itu diperlukan metode alternatif pengolahan limbah tahu yang lebih efektif dan efisien sehingga mudah diterapkan pada masyarakat. Beberapa pengolahan limbah tahu berpotensi menjadi pupuk organik cair, mengurangi kadar polutan sehingga lebih aman jika dibuang ke lingkungan, yang selanjutnya dapat menghasilkan biogas sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Selain itu, limbah tahu dapat digunakan untuk produksi makanan seperti <em>Nata de soya, </em>tempe gembus, dan keripik</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Tofu Waste Treatment and Its Potential. </strong><span lang="EN-GB">Tofu is a food product most consumed by Indonesians. Tofu production in Indonesia still uses conventional methods with the resulting waste which has not been used optimally. Tofu waste contains organic compounds with low pH and is a contributor to pollutants in the aquatic environment if it was not processed first before being discharged into the environment. Tofu waste treatment can be carried out by several methods, such as the addition of effective bacteria of microorganisms, plasma ozonation, biogas, and food production. The potential of tofu waste processing into a more useful product has not been widely recognized by the public. Therefore, it requires an alternative method of tofu waste treatment that is more effective and efficient so that it is easily applied to society. Some tofu waste treatment plants have the potential to become liquid organic fertilizer, reduce pollutant levels thus it is safer when released into the environment further used to produce biogas as an alternative fuel. In addition, it can be used for other food products such as Nata de soya, Tempe gembus (a traditional fermented food), and chips.</span></p><p> </p>
Outcomes of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Following Septic Arthritis of the Native Knee
Authors: Bettencourt Jacob W. , Wyles Cody C. , Fruth Kristin M. , Osmon Douglas R. , Hanssen Arlen D. , Berry Daniel J. , Abdel Matthew P. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Septic arthritis of the native knee often results in irreversible joint damage leading to the need for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of the present study was to examine the intermediate-term risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), aseptic revision, and reoperation following primary TKA in patients with a history of septic arthritis of the native knee as compared with primary TKA performed for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Methods:
We retrospectively identified 215 primary TKAs performed from 1971 to 2016 at a single institution in patients with a history of septic arthritis of the native knee. Each case was matched 1:1 based on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and surgical year to a TKA for osteoarthritis. The mean age and BMI were 63 years and 30 kg/m2, respectively. The mean duration of follow-up was 9 years.

Results:
Survivorships free of PJI at 10 years were 90% and 99% for the septic arthritis and osteoarthritis groups, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.1; p < 0.01). Ten-year survivorships free of any aseptic revisions were 83% and 93% (HR = 2.5; p < 0.01), and survivorships free of any reoperation were 61% and 84% (HR = 2.9; p < 0.01) for the septic arthritis and osteoarthritis groups, respectively. In addition, as time from the diagnosis of native knee septic arthritis to TKA increased, the relative risk of subsequent infection decreased. Preoperative and 2-year postoperative Knee Society scores were similar between the groups (p = 0.16 and p = 0.19, respectively).

Conclusions:
There was a 6.1-fold increased risk of PJI in patients undergoing TKA with a history of native knee septic arthritis when compared with controls undergoing TKA for the treatment of osteoarthritis, with a cumulative incidence of 9% at 10 years. Subgroup analysis of the septic arthritis cohort revealed a higher risk of any infection in patients who underwent TKA within the first 5 to 7 years after the diagnosis of septic arthritis as compared with those with a greater duration. Moreover, the 10-year rates of survival free of aseptic revision, any revision, and any reoperation were significantly worse in the native knee septic arthritis cohort.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance Dan Firm Size Terhadap Profitabilitas (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Non Keuangan Indeks LQ 45 Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Tahun 2013-2017)
Authors: Suroto Faisal , Setiadi Iwan 
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of Good Corporate Governance on profitability and company size. Good corporate governance in this study is proxied by independent board of commissioners, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, audit quality and Firm Size. Company profitability is measured by Return on Equity (ROE). This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive approach. The population in this study is the LQ45 non-financial company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017. The sample selection technique is using purposive sampling. The type of data used is student data. The data analysis technique in this study used multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that simultaneous independent commissioner variables, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, audit quality and firm size have a significant effect on profitability. partially independent board of commissioner variables have a significant negative effect on priofitability. Managerial ownership does not have a significant effect on profitability. Institutional ownership has a significant positive effect on profitability. Audit quality does not have a significant effect on profitability, Firm size does not have a significant effect on profitability.
A Simple Method for Quantifying Inter-Well Communication Using Production Data from Single-Phase Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Hamdi Hamidreza , Behmanesh Hamid , Clarkson Christopher R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hydraulic fracture/reservoir properties and fluid-in-place can be quantified by using rate-transient analysis (RTA) techniques applied to flow rates/pressures gathered from multi-fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) completed in unconventional reservoirs. These methods are commonly developed for the analysis of production data from single wells without considering communication with nearby wells. However, in practice, wells drilled from the same pad can be in strong hydraulic communication with each other. This study aims to develop the theoretical basis for analyzing production data from communicating MFHWs completed in single-phase shale gas reservoirs.
A simple and practical semi-analytical method is developed to quantify the communication between wells drilled from the same pad by analyzing online production data from the individual wells. This method is based on the communicating tanks model and employs the concepts of macroscopic material balance and the succession of pseudo-steady states. A set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are generated and solved simultaneously using the efficient Adams-Bashforth-Moulton algorithm. The accuracy of the solutions is verified against robust numerical simulation.
In the first example provided, a MFHW well-pair is presented where the wells are communicating through primary hydraulic fractures with different communication strengths. In the subsequent examples, the method is extended to consider production data from a three-well and a six-well pad with wine-rack-style completions. The developed model is flexible enough to account for asynchronous wells that are producing from distinct reservoir blocks with different fracture/rock properties. For all the studied cases, the semi-analytical method closely reproduces the results of fully numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that, in some cases, when new wells start to produce, the production rates of existing wells can drop significantly. The amount of productivity loss is a direct function of the communication strengths between the wells. The new method can accurately quantify the communication strength between wells through transmissibility multipliers between the hydraulic fractures that are adjusted to match individual well production data.
In this study, a new simple and efficient semi-analytical method is presented that can be used to analyze online production data from multiple wells drilled from a pad simultaneously with minimal computation time. The main advantage of the developed method is its scalability, where additional wells can be added to the system very easily.
Natural Low-Cost Coal-Based Additive to Improve Well Cement Integrity
Authors: Tabatabaei Maryam , Dahi Taleghani Arash 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The primary goal of wellbore cementing is providing a zonal isolation. Prevention of any potential leaks, beyond even production life, needs novel methods to engineer cement properties at the material-level. We probe the application of a cost-effective anthracite additive, to refine voids and control crack propagation in cement. We develop a micro reinforcement for the cement to improve its overall mechanical properties, specifically, its tensile strength and resiliency. We present a method for treating the surface of anthracite particle. Surface-modified anthracite particles can disperse uniformly within the cement and form strong bonding at their interfaces. Strong bonding enhances the durability of cement under pressure and temperature fluctuations may occur during completion, production and post-production.
Using Semi-Supervised Convolutional Neural Networks for Porosity Modeling Over a Fluvio-Deltaic Triassic Gas Field
Authors: Di Haibin , Abubakar Aria 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Robust estimation of rock properties, such as porosity and density, from geophysical data, i.e. seismic and well logs, is essential in the process of subsurface modeling and reservoir engineering workflows. Such properties are accurately measured in a well; however, due to high cost of drilling, such direct measurements are limited in amount and sparse in space within a study area. On the contrary, 3D seismic data illuminates the subsurface of the study area throughoutly by seismic wave propagation; however, the connection between seismic signals and rock properties is implicit and unknown, causing rock property estimation from seismic only to be a challenging task and of high uncertainty. An integration of 3D seismic with sparse wells is expected to eliminate such uncertainty and improve the accuracy of static reservoir property estimation.
This paper investigates the application of a semi-supervised learning workflow to estimate porosity from a 3D seismic survey and 36 wells over a fluvio-deltaic Triasic gas field. The workflow is performed in various scenarios, including purely from seismic amplitude, incorporating a rough 6-layer deposition model as a constraint, and training with varying numbers of wells. Good match is observed between the machine prediction and the well logs, which verifies the capability of such semi-supervised learning in providing reliable seismic-well integration and delivering robust porosity modeling. It is concluded that the use of available additional information helps effectively constrain the learning process and thus leads to significantly improved lateral continuity and reduced artifacts in the machine learning prediction. The semi-supervised learning can be readily extended for estimating more properties and allows nearly one- click solution to obtain 3D rock property distribution in a study area where seismic and well data is available.
Well GOR Prediction from Surface Gas Composition in Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Cely Alexandra , Zaostrovski Andrei , Yang Tao , Uleberg Knut , Kopal Margarete 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
There are increased development activities in shale reservoirs with ultra-low permeability thanks to the advances in drilling and fracking technology. However, representative reservoir fluid samples are still difficult to acquire. The challenge leads to limited reservoir fluid data and large uncertainties for shale play evaluation, field development, and production optimization.
In this work, we built a large unconventional reservoir fluid database with more than 2400 samples from shale reservoirs in Canada, Argentina, and the USA, comprising early production surface gas data and traditional PVT data from selected shale assets. A machine learning approach was applied to the database to predict gas to oil ratio (GOR) in shale reservoirs.
To enhance regional correlations and obtain a more accurate GOR prediction, we developed a machine learning model focused on Canada shale plays data, intended for wells with limited reservoir fluid data available and located within the same region. Both surface gas compositional data and well location and are input features to this model. In addition, we developed an additional machine learning model for the objective of a generic GOR prediction model without shale dependency. The database includes Canada shale data and Argentina and USA shale data.
The GOR predictions obtained from both models are good. The machine learning model circumscribed to the Canada shale reservoirs has a mean percentage error (MAPE) of 4.31. In contrast, the generic machine learning model, which includes additional data from Argentina and USA shale assets, has a MAPE of 4.86. The better accuracy of the circumscribed Canada model is due to the introduction of the geospatial well location to the model features.
This study confirms that early production surface gas data can be used to predict well GOR in shale reservoirs, providing an economical alternative for the sampling challenges during early field development. Furthermore, the GOR prediction offers access to a complete set of reservoir fluid properties which assists the decision-making process for shale play evaluation, completion concept selection, and production optimization.