bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using citizen science to empower older adults to improve a food security initiative in Australia
Authors: Tuckett Anthony G , Rowbotham Samantha , Hetherington Sharon , Goddard Jodie , King Abby C 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Food security is an increasing problem for older adults who are living longer and having to stretch their resources further. Initiatives such as subsidized community market days are increasingly important in bolstering food security amongst these groups but there have been few attempts to understand these initiatives from the perspective of community members. This exploratory study examined the utility of a novel citizen science approach to engage older adults in evaluating and improving a local food security initiative. Using the Our Voice methodology, citizen scientists recorded their perceptions of their local Market Day via photographs and audio narratives. Thirteen citizen scientists captured 127 photographs and 125 commentaries. Citizen scientists participated in workshops to discuss, code and synthesize their data, and used their findings to advocate for change. A number of improvements to the Market Day were made by key stakeholders on the basis of citizen scientist recommendations, including improving the processes for sourcing and storing food and changing the layout to improve access. This study demonstrates that citizen science is a useful and feasible approach to engaging community members in capturing data and advocating for change to ensure that local initiatives meet the needs of communities.
Genome-wide association study of cardiac troponin I in the general population
Authors: Moksnes Marta R , Røsjø Helge , Richmond Anne , Lyngbakken Magnus N , Graham Sarah E , Hansen Ailin Falkmo , Wolford Brooke N , Gagliano Taliun Sarah A , LeFaive Jonathon , Rasheed Humaira , Thomas Laurent F , Zhou Wei , Aung Nay , Surakka Ida , Douville Nicholas J , Campbell Archie , Porteous David J , Petersen Steffen E , Munroe Patricia B , Welsh Paul , Sattar Naveed , Smith George Davey , Fritsche Lars G , Nielsen Jonas B , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Hveem Kristian , Hayward Caroline , Willer Cristen J , Brumpton Ben M , Omland Torbjørn 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Circulating cardiac troponin proteins are associated with structural heart disease and predict incident cardiovascular disease in the general population. However, the genetic contribution to cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations and its causal effect on cardiovascular phenotypes are unclear. We combine data from two large population-based studies, the Trøndelag Health Study and the Generation Scotland Scottish Family Health Study, and perform a genome-wide association study of high-sensitivity cTnI concentrations with 48 115 individuals. We further use two-sample Mendelian randomization to investigate the causal effects of circulating cTnI on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure (HF). We identified 12 genetic loci (8 novel) associated with cTnI concentrations. Associated protein-altering variants highlighted putative functional genes: CAND2, HABP2, ANO5, APOH, FHOD3, TNFAIP2, KLKB1 and LMAN1. Phenome-wide association tests in 1688 phecodes and 83 continuous traits in UK Biobank showed associations between a genetic risk score for cTnI and cardiac arrhythmias, metabolic and anthropometric measures. Using two-sample Mendelian randomization, we confirmed the non-causal role of cTnI in AMI (5948 cases, 355 246 controls). We found indications for a causal role of cTnI in HF (47 309 cases and 930 014 controls), but this was not supported by secondary analyses using left ventricular mass as outcome (18 257 individuals). Our findings clarify the biology underlying the heritable contribution to circulating cTnI and support cTnI as a non-causal biomarker for AMI in the general population. Using genetically informed methods for causal inference helps inform the role and value of measuring cTnI in the general population.
Transient upper limb ischaemia during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a child
Authors: Izquierdo-Blasco Jaume , Riaza Lucía , Pujol Montse , Gran Ferran , Fernández-Doblas Joaquín , Pérez-Andreu Joaquín , Abella Raul F , Balcells Joan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Neck cannulation is the most common cannulation strategy performed to provide veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in paediatric patients, especially in small children. Upper limb ischaemia is a rare complication of neck cannulation and is likely caused by arterial cannula malposition. We describe a case of right arm ischaemia caused by extrinsic compression of the right subclavian artery by the venous drainage cannula inserted through the right internal jugular vein. Upper limb hypoperfusion was resolved immediately after changing the venous drainage cannula from the right jugular vein to the right femoral vein.
Cognitive and Affective Processes Associated with Social Biases
Authors: Kaneko Asuka , Asaoka Yui , Lee Young-A , Goto Yukiori 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Our social activities are quite often erroneous and irrational, based on biased judgements and decision-making, known as social biases. However, the cognitive and affective processes that produce such biases remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated associations between social schemas, such as social judgment and conformity, entailing social biases and psychological measurements relevant to cognitive and affective functions.

Method
This study recruited 42 healthy adult subjects. A psychological test and a questionnaire were administered to assess biased social judgements by superficial attributes and social conformity by adherence to social norms, respectively, along with additional questionnaires and psychological tests for cognitive and affective measurements, including negative affects, autistic traits, and Theory of Mind (ToM). Associations of social judgment and conformity with cognitive and affective functions were examined using a multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling.

Results
Anxiety and the cognitive realm of ToM were mutually associated with both social judgments and conformity, although social judgements and conformity were still independent processes. Social judgements were also associated with autistic traits and the affective realm of ToM, whereas social conformity was associated with negative affects other than anxiety and an intuitive decision-making style.

Conclusions
These results suggest that ToM and negative affects may play important roles in social judgements and conformity, and the social biases connoted in these social schemas.
Prevalence and predictors of teenage pregnancy in Pakistan: a trend analysis from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey datasets from 1990 to 2018
Authors: Ali Anna , Khaliq Asif , Lokeesan Laavanya , Meherali Salima , Lassi Zohra S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Teenage pregnancies carry an increased risk of adverse obstetric and health outcomes for mothers and children.

Methods
This study assessed the prevalence and predictors of teenage pregnancies over time in Pakistan using the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS). Data on 400 076 ever-married pregnant women aged 15–49 y from four PDHS datasets were used. Teenage pregnancy was the outcome variable, whereas a woman's and her partner's education, occupation, wealth quintile, region, place of residence and access to knowledge on family planning were the explanatory variables. Pooled prevalence was estimated and regression analysis was undertaken to produce an adjusted prevalence ratio with 95% CIs.

Results
Although the prevalence of teenage pregnancy decreased from 54.4% in 1990–1991 to 43.7% in 2017–2018, the pooled prevalence was 42.5% (95% CI 37.9 to 49.6%). The prevalence of teenage pregnancy was significantly associated with place of residence, wealth quintile, education and occupation.

Conclusion
Despite a growing focus on women's education, access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services and contraception in the last decade in Pakistan, the prevalence of teenage pregnancy is still high. There is a pressing need to develop appropriate strategies for increasing access to education, SRH services and use of contraception in Pakistan.
“P3”: an adaptive modeling tool for post-COVID-19 restart of surgical services
Authors: Joshi Divya , Jalali Ali , Whipple Todd , Rehman Mohamed , Ahumada Luis M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
To develop a predictive analytics tool that would help evaluate different scenarios and multiple variables for clearance of surgical patient backlog during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods
Using data from 27 866 cases (May 1 2018–May 1 2020) stored in the Johns Hopkins All Children’s data warehouse and inputs from 30 operations-based variables, we built mathematical models for (1) time to clear the case backlog (2), utilization of personal protective equipment (PPE), and (3) assessment of overtime needs.

Results
The tool enabled us to predict desired variables, including number of days to clear the patient backlog, PPE needed, staff/overtime needed, and cost for different backlog reduction scenarios.

Conclusions
Predictive analytics, machine learning, and multiple variable inputs coupled with nimble scenario-creation and a user-friendly visualization helped us to determine the most effective deployment of operating room personnel. Operating rooms worldwide can use this tool to overcome patient backlog safely.
Breast Imaging After Dark
Authors: Lane Deanna L , Parikh Jay R 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPatients may present to the emergency department with breast complaints due to traumatic or nontraumatic changes in the breast. Benign and malignant breast pathologies may mimic each other both in clinical presentation and imaging appearance. A complex cystic and solid mass seen on ultrasound in a patient with a palpable mass can represent breast cancer, abscess, or hematoma. A unilateral swollen breast may result from inflammatory breast cancer, mastitis, or other benign etiologies; correlation with clinical history, physical exam, and close follow-up are required to ensure complete resolution of symptoms. Uncommon breast entities such as granulomatous mastitis and breast implant–associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma may cause changes in the appearance of the breast that prompt a patient to seek initial evaluation in the emergency department. Imaging evaluation of the breast in the emergency department is limited, and it is important that patients with a breast complaint be referred to a dedicated breast center for complete evaluation at an appropriate time interval after their discharge from the emergency department.
Patient-Reported Outcomes in Pediatric Cancer Registration Trials: A US Food and Drug Administration Perspective
Authors: Murugappan Meena N , King-Kallimanis Bellinda L , Reaman Gregory H , Bhatnagar Vishal , Horodniceanu Erica G , Bouchkouj Najat , Kluetz Paul G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Pediatric patient-reported outcome (PRO) data can help inform the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) benefit-risk assessment of cancer therapeutics by quantifying symptom and functional outcomes from the patient’s perspective.

This study assessed use of PROs in commercial pediatric oncology trials submitted to the FDA for regulatory review. FDA databases were searched to identify pediatric oncology product applications approved between 1997 and 2020. Sponsor-submitted documents were reviewed to determine whether PRO data were collected, which instruments were used, and the quality of collected data (ie, sample size, completion rates, and use of fit-for-purpose instruments). The role of PROs in each trial (endpoint hierarchy) was also recorded in addition to whether any PRO endpoints were included in product labeling.

We reviewed 17 pediatric oncology applications, 4 of which included PRO data: denosumab, tisagenlecleucel, larotrectinib, and selumetinib. In these 4 instances, PROs served as exploratory endpoints and were not incorporated in product labeling. Trials that collected PRO data were phase II or phase I/II single-arm studies with sample sizes of 28 to 88 patients. Symptomatic adverse events (AEs) were characterized using clinician-reported Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) without additional patient self-report.

PROs were infrequently used in pediatric cancer registration trials. When PROs were used, PRO data were limited by lack of a clear research objective and corresponding prospective statistical analysis plan. Contemporary PRO symptom libraries, such as the National Cancer Institute’s Pediatric PRO-CTCAE, may provide an opportunity to better evaluate the occurrence and impact of symptomatic AEs, from the patient’s perspective, in pediatric oncology trials.
Predictive Value of Developmental Assessment in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Follow-Up Clinic
Authors: Kalstabakken Amanda W , Molitor Stephen J , Gross Amy C , Georgieff Michael K , Boys Christopher J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Follow-Up programs vary in the duration for which they monitor child development and neurocognitive outcomes. This study explores the early predictive value of a widely used developmental measure for intellectual functioning during early childhood to better inform whether there is value added in continued monitoring.

Methods
Participants were 209 children who had at least two assessments between the ages of 1 and 6 years old as part of NICU Follow-Up clinic. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) was administered when children were 1 and 2 years old and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV) was administered when children were 3 years and older.

Results
The Bayley-III at 1 year of age was a significant predictor of Bayley-III performance at age 2. Similarly, Bayley-III at ages 1 year and 2 years were significant predictors of WPPSI-IV performance. Strength of prediction was moderate with the majority of variance unexplained. Exploratory analyses examining whether early developmental abilities as assessed on the Bayley-III could identify patients at risk for poorer WPPSI-IV performance indicated appropriate specificity but inadequate sensitivity.

Conclusions
This study supports ongoing assessment of children who were born with perinatal complications into at least early childhood. Assessing development only during the infant and toddler years did not sufficiently identify children who went on to have lower cognitive functioning in preschool and the early school years.
Drivers of avian species richness and community structure in urban courtyard gardens
Authors: Pirzio Biroli Alessandro , Van Doren Benjamin M , Grabowska-Zhang Ada 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Increasing global urbanisation has steered research towards understanding biodiversity in urban areas. Old city spaces throughout Europe have a proliferation of urban court gardens, which can create a mosaic of habitat pockets in an urban area. This article examines the patterns and drivers of avian species richness and community structure in 20 gardens of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford. We conducted morning surveys across 7 weeks in May and June 2017 and used an information-theoretic approach and model averaging to identify important habitat predictors of species richness. We also studied community structure with Sorensen indices and non-metric multi-dimensional analysis. A total of 43 avian species were observed across all sites. Our sites generally differed in their avian assemblages, with greater species turnover than nestedness between sites. Site area was the strongest predictor of site species richness and surrounding habitat composition was the dominant driver of community structure. Thus, the largest gardens were the most species rich, but species composition among gardens differed based on the habitats in which they were embedded. We support using island biogeography theory to understand the avian species assemblages of urban ecosystems and stress the suitability of our study sites for future urban ecosystem research and generating wildlife awareness.
Growth of magnetorotational instability in circumstellar discs around class 0 protostars
Authors: Kawasaki Yoshihiro , Koga Shunta , Machida Masahiro N 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate the possibility of the growth of magnetorotational instability (MRI) in discs around Class 0 protostars. We construct a disc model and calculate the chemical reactions of neutral and charged atoms, molecules, and dust grains to derive the abundance of each species and the ionization degree of the disc. Then, we estimate the diffusion coefficients of non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics effects such as ohmic dissipation, ambipolar diffusion, and the Hall effect. Finally, we evaluate the linear growth rate of MRI in each area of the disc. We investigate the effect of changes in the strength and direction of the magnetic field in our disc model and we adopt four different dust models to investigate the effect of dust size distribution on the diffusion coefficients. Our results indicate that an MRI-active region possibly exists with a weak magnetic field in a region far from the protostar where the Hall effect plays a role in the growth of MRI. On the other hand, in all models, the disc is stable against MRI in the region within &lt;20 au from the protostar on the equatorial plane. Since the size of the discs in the early stage of star formation is limited to ≲10–20 au, it is difficult to develop MRI-driven turbulence in such discs.
Astraeus – II. Quantifying the impact of cosmic variance during the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Ucci Graziano , Dayal Pratika , Hutter Anne , Yepes Gustavo , Gottlöber Stefan , Legrand Laurent , Pentericci Laura , Castellano Marco , Choudhury Tirthankar Roy 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Next-generation telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (NGRST) will enable us to study the first billion years of our Universe in unprecedented detail. In this work, we use the astraeus (semi-numerical rAdiative tranSfer coupling of galaxy formaTion and Reionization in N-body dArk mattEr simUlationS) framework, which couples galaxy formation and reionization (for a wide range of reionization feedback models), to estimate the cosmic variance expected in the UV Luminosity Function (UV LF) and the stellar mass function in JWST surveys. We find that different reionization scenarios play a minor role in the cosmic variance. Most of the cosmic variance is completely driven by the underlying density field and increases above $100{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for ${\it M}_{\rm UV}\sim -17.5 ~ (-20)$ at z = 12 (6) for the JADES-deep survey (the deep JWST Advanced Extragalactic Survey with an area of 46 arcmin2); the cosmic variance decreases with an increasing survey area roughly independently of redshift. We find that the faint-end (${\it M}_{\rm UV}\gtrsim -17$) slope of the Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) UV LF becomes increasingly shallower with increasing reionization feedback and show how JWST observations will be able to distinguish between different models of reionization feedback at z &gt; 9, even accounting for cosmic variance. We also show the environments (in terms of density and ionization fields) of LBGs during the EoR, finding that the underlying overdensity and ionization fraction scale positively with the UV luminosity. Finally, we also provide a public software tool to allow interested readers to compute cosmic variance for different redshifts and survey areas.
Search for dormant black holes in ellipsoidal variables – III. The OGLE BULGE short-period sample
Authors: Gomel Roy , Faigler Simchon , Mazeh Tsevi , Pawlak Michał 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This is the third of a series of papers that presents an algorithm to search for close binaries with massive, possibly compact, unseen secondaries. The detection of such a binary is based on identifying a star that displays a large ellipsoidal periodic modulation, induced by tidal interaction with its companion. In the second paper of the series, we presented a simple approach to derive a robust modified minimum mass ratio (mMMR), based on the observed ellipsoidal amplitude, without knowing the primary mass and radius, assuming the primary fills its Roche lobe. The newly defined mMMR is always smaller than the actual mass ratio. Therefore, a binary with an mMMR larger than unity is a good candidate for having a massive secondary, which might be a black hole or a neutron star. This paper considers 10 956 OGLE short-period ellipsoidals observed towards the Galactic bulge. We re-analyse their modulation and identify 136 main-sequence systems with mMMR significantly larger than unity as candidates for having compact-object secondaries, assuming their observed periodic modulations reflect indeed the ellipsoidal effect. Obviously, one needs follow-up observations to find out the true nature of these companions.
Cancer-causingBRCA2missense mutations disrupt an intracellular protein assembly mechanism to disable genome maintenance
Authors: Lee Miyoung , Shorthouse David , Mahen Robert , Hall Benjamin A , Venkitaraman Ashok R 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCancer-causing missense mutations in the 3418 amino acid BRCA2 breast and ovarian cancer suppressor protein frequently affect a short (∼340 residue) segment in its carboxyl-terminal domain (DBD). Here, we identify a shared molecular mechanism underlying their pathogenicity. Pathogenic BRCA2 missense mutations cluster in the DBD’s helical domain (HD) and OB1-fold motifs, which engage the partner protein DSS1. Pathogenic - but not benign – DBD mutations weaken or abolish DSS1-BRCA2 assembly, provoking mutant BRCA2 oligomers that are excluded from the cell nucleus, and disable DNA repair by homologous DNA recombination (HDR). DSS1 inhibits the intracellular oligomerization of wildtype, but not mutant, forms of BRCA2. Remarkably, DSS1 expression corrects defective HDR in cells bearing pathogenic BRCA2 missense mutants with weakened, but not absent, DSS1 binding. Our findings identify a DSS1-mediated intracellular protein assembly mechanism that is disrupted by cancer-causing BRCA2 missense mutations, and suggest an approach for its therapeutic correction.
DomainViz: intuitive visualization of consensus domain distributions across groups of proteins
Authors: Schläpfer Pascal , Mehta Devang , Ridderikhoff Cameron , Uhrig R Glen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The prediction of functional domains is typically among the first steps towards understanding the function of new proteins and protein families. There are numerous databases of annotated protein domains that permit researchers to identify domains on individual proteins of interest. However, it is necessary to perform high-throughput domain searches to gain evolutionary insight into the functions of proteins and protein families. Unfortunately, at present, it is difficult to search for, and visualize domain conservation across multiple proteins and/or multiple groups of proteins in an intuitive manner. Here we present DomainViz, a new web-server that streamlines the identification and visualization of domains across multiple protein sequences. Currently, DomainViz uses the well-established PFAM and Prosite databases for domain searching and assembles intuitive, publication-ready ‘monument valley’ plots (mv-plots) that display the extent of domain conservation along two dimensions: positionality and frequency of occurrence in the input protein sequences. In addition, DomainViz produces a conventional domain-ordering figure. DomainViz can be used to explore the conservation of domains within a single protein family, across multiple families, and across families from different species to support studies into protein function and evolution. The web-server is publicly available at: https://uhrigprotools.biology.ualberta.ca/domainviz.