bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compatibility as guiding principle for ergonomics work design and preventive occupational health and safety
Authors: Strasser Helmut 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMutual adaptation and inter-changeability of system elements are very important prerequisites for machines, technical devices and products. Similar to that technical compatibility which can be achieved by standards and regulations, optimum design of human-oriented workplaces or a man-machine system cannot be attained without, e.g., a compatible arrangement of connected displays and controls. Over and above those stimulus/response relations, all technical elements and interfaces have to be designed in such a way that they do not exceed human capacity in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance. Compatibility between the properties of the human organism on the one hand, and the adaptable technical components of a work system on the other hand, offers a great potential of preventive measures. Examples of ergonomically designed working tools show that compatibility is capable of reducing the prevalence of occupational diseases and repetitive strain injuries as well as leading to lower physiological cost in such a way that the same output results from a lower demand of human resources or even a higher performance will be attained. Compatibility also supports the quick perception and transmission of information in a man-machine system, and as a result of lower requirements for decoding during information processing, spare mental capacity may enhance occupational safety. In the field of software, compatibility also helps to avoid psychological frustration. All in all, the center core competency, which reflects the major significant function of the ergonomist in work design, consists in determining the compatibility of human capacity and planned or existing demands of work. In order to provide efficient working tools and working conditions as well as to be successful in occupational health and safety, ergonomics and industrial engineering in the future are expected to pay more attention to the rules of compatibility. Applied in an appropriate way, these rules may convince people that ergonomics can be a powerful means for reducing prevalence of occupational diseases and complaints, and has a positive effect on overall system performance. Besides presenting examples of work design according to the principle of compatibility, also methods will be shown which enable the assessment of the ergonomic quality of hand-held tools and computer input devices.
Sulfate-Based Fertilizers Regulate Nutrient Uptake, Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, and Enzymatic Antioxidants to Increase Sunflower Growth and Yield Under Drought Stress
Authors: Shafiq Bilal Ahamid , Nawaz Fahim , Majeed Sadia , Aurangzaib Muhammad , Al Mamun Abdullah , Ahsan Muhammad , Ahmad Khawaja Shafique , Shehzad Muhammad Asif , Ali Muqarrab , Hashim Sarfraz , Tanveer ul Haq  
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe challenging impact of drought to agricultural productivity requires the adoption of mitigation strategies with a better understanding of underlying mechanisms responsible for drought tolerance. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of sulfur-based fertilizers on mitigation of drought stress in sunflower. Sulfate-containing fertilizers, viz., ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and gypsum, were initially evaluated at two different rates (10 and 20 mg kg−1 soil equivalent to 20 and 40 kg ha−1, respectively) for nutrient uptake and growth-promoting traits in sunflower seedlings (cv. Hysun-33). The best performing fertilizer (gypsum) was then selected to evaluate the response of sunflower under drought stress imposed at flowering stage for three weeks (25–30% water holding capacity). Results indicated significant amelioration of drought stress with higher activity of photosynthetic apparatus, upregulation of antioxidative enzymes, and increased achene yield by gypsum application. In comparison to control, gypsum-treated plants (20 mg kg−1 soil) exhibited higher water status (32%), leaf photosynthetic rate (29%), transpiration rate (67%), and stomatal conductance (118%) under drought stress. The antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were also increased by 67%, 62%, and 126%, respectively, resulting in higher achene yield (19%) under water-deficit conditions. This study indicates that the application of sulfur-based fertilizers (gypsum) can be used to induce drought tolerance and obtain high sunflower yields under drought stress, and furthermore, it is a cost-effective strategy resulting in high benefit–cost ratio with respect to no gypsum application.
Monotheism, Intolerance, and the Path to Pluralistic Politics
Authors: Haw Christopher A. 
Published: June 2021

Discussions of monotheism often consider its bigotry toward other gods as a source of conflict, or emphasize its universality as a source of peaceful tolerance. Both approaches, however, ignore the combined danger and liberation in monotheism's 'intolerance.' In this volume, Christopher Haw reframes this important argument. He demonstrates the value of rejecting paradigms of inclusivity in favor of an agonistic pluralism and intolerance of absolutism. Haw proposes a model that retains liberal, pluralistic principles while acknowledging their limitations, and he relates them to theologies latent in political ideas. His volume offers a nuanced, evolutionary, and historical understanding of the biblical tradition's emergence and its political consequences with respect to violence. It suggests how we can mediate impasses between liberal and conservative views in culture wars; between liberal inclusivity and conservative decisionism; and, on the religious front, between apologetics for exclusive monotheism and critiques of its intolerance.
Charles Darwin, sexual selection and the evolution of other-regarding ethics
Authors: Hale Piers J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough many read Charles Darwin's Origin of Species as an endorsement, rather than merely a description, of individualism and competition, in Descent of Man (1871) Darwin intended to show that natural selection could account for the most noble aspects of human morality and conscience. He did so in response to Alfred Russel Wallace's 1869 statement to the contrary. In doing so, Darwin appealed to the natural selection of groups rather than individuals, and to the maternal, parental and filial instincts, as the origin of truly other-regarding moral sentiments. Further, the inheritance of acquired characters and sexual selection had important implications for Darwin's understanding of how other-regarding ethics might prevail in an evolutionary framework that seemed to reward self-interest. In a short addendum to this essay I highlight just three of a number of Darwin's contemporaries who were impressed by this aspect of his work: the science popularizer Arabella Buckley, the Scottish Presbyterian scholar Henry Drummond and the anarchist geographer and naturalist Peter Kropotkin. In closing, I point to an extensive network of others who framed their concerns about both the ‘labour question’ and the ‘woman question’ in evolutionary terms, as a fruitful area for future research in this direction.
Anosov diffeomorphisms, anisotropic BV spaces and regularity of foliations
Authors: BAHSOUN WAEL , LIVERANI CARLANGELO 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGiven any smooth Anosov map, we construct a Banach space on which the associated transfer operator is quasi-compact. The peculiarity of such a space is that, in the case of expanding maps, it reduces exactly to the usual space of functions of bounded variation which has proved to be particularly successful in studying the statistical properties of piecewise expanding maps. Our approach is based on a new method of studying the absolute continuity of foliations, which provides new information that could prove useful in treating hyperbolic systems with singularities.
Modified reporting of positive urine cultures to reduce inappropriate antibiotic treatment of catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria (CA-ASB) among inpatients, a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pratt Claire L. , Rehan Zahra , Xing Lydia , Gilbert Laura , Fillier Brenda , Barrett Brendan , Daley Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:To determine whether modified reporting of positive urine cultures collected from indwelling catheters improved treatment decisions without causing harm.Design:Prospective, unblinded, randomized control trial.Setting:Two tertiary-care hospitals.Participants:Overall, 100 consecutive positive urine cultures collected from catheterized inpatients were randomized between standard and modified laboratory reporting between November 2018 and June 2019. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, current antibiotic treatment, ICU or urology admission, or neutropenia.Intervention:The modified report included significant growth without providing identification, quantification, or susceptibility. The standard report included identification, quantitation and susceptibility. Diagnosis of catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria (CA-ASB) and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) followed published criteria, using prospective chart review. The appropriate antibiotic treatment was defined as treatment of CA-UTI, and no treatment of CA-ASB. Patients were followed for 7 days.Results:Of 543 urine cultures, 443 (82%) were excluded. Of 100 patients, 75 (75%) had CA-ASB and 25 (25%) had CA-UTI. Treatment was given to 45 of 75 CA-ASB patients (60%) and all 25 CA-UTI patients (100%). Appropriate treatment rate was higher in the modified reporting arm than in the standard reporting arm: 57% vs 50% (+7.4%; relative risk [RR], 1.15; P = .45). Untreated CA-ASB was higher in the modified reporting arm: 45% vs 33% (+12%; RR, 1.36; P = .30). The standard report was requested for 33% of modified reports. Furthermore, 4 deaths and 26.9% adverse events occurred in the modified reporting arm, and 3 deaths and 41.3% adverse events occurred in the standard reporting arm.Conclusions:Modified reporting increased the appropriateness of treatment, and may be safe.Clinical trials identifier: ClinicalTrials.gov#NCT03488355.
Forging Polity in Times of International Class War: The Parliamentary Rhetoric on Labour in the First Polish Diet, 1919–1922
Authors: Marzec Wiktor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines the impact of internal and external pressures on the parliamentary debate concerning the place of the working class within a newly emerging polity. Based on machine-assisted distant reading and close hermeneutics of parliamentary session transcripts, I ask how the first diet of the modern Polish state (1919–1922) responded to labour militancy and war. My analysis demonstrates that social unrest was successfully used by the left to foster inclusion of the popular classes in a political, social, and economic sense, contributing to the democratization of the state. In contrast, the external threat of war had an opposite effect. Although it justified the left advocating greater inclusion of workers and peasants because of their high death toll on the battlefields, it was actually the right that capitalized on national unity and readily used arguments about the Bolshevik threat or traitors among the landless masses to block or even reverse reforms aimed at democratization. The external threat of war, waged against a nominally leftist political force, helped the weak state to reduce the high impact of labour unrest on parliamentary proceedings.
Psychological trauma and the genetic overlap between posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder
Authors: Mundy Jessica , Hübel Christopher , Gelernter Joel , Levey Daniel , Murray Robin M. , Skelton Megan , Stein Murray B. ,   The Million Veteran Program, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Vassos Evangelos , Breen Gerome , Coleman Jonathan R. I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are commonly reported co-occurring mental health consequences of psychological trauma exposure. The disorders have high genetic overlap. Trauma is a complex phenotype but research suggests that trauma sensitivity has a heritable basis. We investigated whether sensitivity to trauma in those with MDD reflects a similar genetic component in those with PTSD.MethodsGenetic correlations between PTSD and MDD in individuals reporting trauma and MDD in individuals not reporting trauma were estimated, as well as with recurrent MDD and single-episode MDD, using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. Genetic correlations were replicated using PTSD data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and the Million Veteran Program. Polygenic risk scores were generated in UK Biobank participants who met the criteria for lifetime MDD (N = 29 471). We investigated whether genetic loading for PTSD was associated with reporting trauma in these individuals.ResultsGenetic loading for PTSD was significantly associated with reporting trauma in individuals with MDD [OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.01–1.07), Empirical-p = 0.02]. PTSD was significantly more genetically correlated with recurrent MDD than with MDD in individuals not reporting trauma (rg differences = ~0.2, p < 0.008). Participants who had experienced recurrent MDD reported significantly higher rates of trauma than participants who had experienced single-episode MDD (χ2 > 166, p < 0.001)ConclusionsOur findings point towards the existence of genetic variants associated with trauma sensitivity that might be shared between PTSD and MDD, although replication with better powered GWAS is needed. Our findings corroborate previous research highlighting trauma exposure as a key risk factor for recurrent MDD.
The origins of syncopation in American popular music
Authors: Temperley David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe origins of syncopation in 20th-century American popular music have been a source of controversy. I offer a new account of this historical process. I distinguish between second-position syncopation, an accent on the second quarter of a half-note or quarter-note unit, and fourth-position syncopation, an accent on the fourth quarter of such a unit. Unlike second-position syncopation, fourth-position syncopation tends to have an anticipatory character. In an earlier study I presented evidence suggesting British roots for second-position syncopation. in contrast, fourth-position syncopation – the focus of the current study – seems to have had no presence in published 19th-century vocal music, British or American. It first appears in notation in ragtime songs and piano music at the very end of the 19th century; it was also used in recordings by African-American singers before it was widely notated.
Gender in the maritime space: how can the experiences of women seafarers working in the UK shipping industry be improved?
Authors: Pike Kate , Wadsworth Emma , Honebon Sarah , Broadhurst Emma , Zhao Minghua , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeafaring, as a traditionally male-dominated industry, continues to have very few female seafarers, with approximately 2% globally being women. This paper draws on the findings of a study that considered both the experiences of women seafarers working in the UK shipping industry and the views of key industry stakeholder representatives, and asks what must be done to improve those experiences? Responses across the industry suggest that all women seafarers will experience some form of harassment during their careers, which has significant implications for their occupational health, safety and wellbeing. These experiences reflect failures of leadership in developing and promoting a safe and inclusive onboard culture. This paper calls for fundamental change within the industry, including improvements in training and leadership to reflect modern seafaring and diversity on board. It also calls for relevant policy and strategic changes to be based on the views of seafarers and their representatives. It concludes that improving the experiences of women on board will improve the occupational health, safety and wellbeing of all seafarers, regardless of gender or any other characteristic or classification.
Vicarius Christi: Extraterritoriality, pastoral power, and the critique of secular international law
Authors: Quiroga-Villamarín Daniel Ricardo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince the end of the Cold War, the content, scope, and extent of extraterritorial human rights obligations has become a pressing concern for international lawyers. On one end of the debate, mainstream scholarship argues that jurisdiction is primarily territorial, identifying a limited range of situations in which jurisdiction (and responsibility) is triggered. On the other end, critical scholars suggest that Empire still haunts jurisdiction. By reconstructing the history of this doctrine, they show that the imperial reach has always been extra-territorial and that the intimate linkage between state, territory, and population is of a rather recent and tenuous origin. In both of these narratives, however, lies the assumption that jurisdiction operates as a secularized power. Even if empires/states were once religious, faith’s legacy remains confined to the past. In this article, conversely, I trace a critical genealogy of Christian authority as a jurisdictional structure, in which territoriality was never presumed. After all, one cannot forget that Catholicism and Universalism were forged in the same etymological crucible. By drawing from Foucault’s analysis of pastoral power, I argue that international law has deep roots in Christianity’s claims of governmentality upon ‘men and souls’ instead of over defined territories.
Characterisation of neurodevelopmental and psychological outcomes in CHD: a research agenda and recommendations from the cardiac neurodevelopmental outcome collaborative
Authors: Sanz Jacqueline H. , Anixt Julia , Bear Laurel , Basken Amy , Beca John , Marino Bradley S. , Mussatto Kathleen A. , Nembhard Wendy N. , Sadhwani Anjali , Sananes Renee , Shekerdemian Lara S. , Sood Erica , Uzark Karen , Willen Elizabeth , Ilardi Dawn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Neurodevelopmental and Psychological Outcomes Working Group of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative was formed in 2018 through support from an R13 grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute with the goals of identifying knowledge gaps regarding the neurodevelopmental and psychological outcomes of individuals with CHD and investigations needed to advance science, policy, clinical care, and patient/family outcomes. Accurate characterisation of neurodevelopmental and psychological outcomes in children with CHD will drive improvements in patient and family outcomes through targeted intervention. Decades of research have produced a generalised perspective about neurodevelopmental and psychological outcomes in this heterogeneous population. Future investigations need to shift towards improving methods, measurement, and analyses of outcomes to better inform early identification, prevention, and intervention. Improved definition of underlying developmental, neuropsychological, and social-emotional constructs is needed, with an emphasis on symptom networks and dimensions. Identification of clinically meaningful outcomes that are most important to key stakeholders, including patients, families, schools and providers, is essential, specifically how and which neurodevelopmental differences across the developmental trajectory impact stakeholders. A better understanding of the discontinuity and patterns of neurodevelopment across the lifespan is critical as well, with some areas being more impactful at some ages than others. Finally, the field needs to account for the impact of race/ethnicity, socio-economic status, cultural and linguistic diversity on our measurement, interpretation of data, and approach to intervention and how to improve generalisability to the larger worldwide population of patients and families living with CHD.
Delusions of Certainty: Commercial Vessel COVID-19 Risk Stratification
Authors: Codreanu Tudor A. , Armstrong Paul K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Since the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) pandemic declaration on March 11, 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks have occurred on numerous maritime vessels and the containment measures, travel restrictions, and border closures continue to make it increasingly difficult for ship operators world-wide to be granted pratique, conduct trade, and conduct crew changes.
Knowledge of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) circulating on-board a ship prior to its arrival has significant implications for the protection of shore-based maritime workers (ie, pilots, stevedores, and surveyors), the broader community, and trade. A useful approach is a graded assessment of the public health risk. The Western Australia (WA) experience and associated observed pitfalls in implementing the prediction equation for the potential presence of SARS-CoV-2 on-board based on five COVID-19 outbreaks on commercial and cruise vessels during 2020 is described.
Despite best efforts, the qualitative and quantitative predictors of SARS-CoV-2 circulating on-board commercial vessels are failing to deliver the required certainty, and to date, the only accepted method of ascertaining the presence of SARS-CoV-2 remains the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) testing reported by an accredited laboratory.
Based on legal or regulatory requirements, germane processes, underpinned by robust and auditable processes and procedures, must be put in place to inform the risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 circulating on-board vessels.