bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of neonatal IgA production by the maternal microbiota
Authors: Mu Qinghui , Swartwout Brianna K. , Edwards Michael , Zhu Jing , Lee Grace , Eden Kristin , Cabana-Puig Xavier , McDaniel Dylan K. , Mao Jiangdi , Abdelhamid Leila , Brock Rebecca M. , Allen Irving Coy , Reilly Christopher M. , Luo Xin M. 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceInfants are born without an established gut microbiota, which develops rapidly after birth and is shaped by the maternal microbiota. However, how the maternal microbiota, through shaping the neonatal microbiota, would affect the establishment of a strong immune system in neonates remains unclear. Here, we show mechanistically how the maternal microbiota regulates the de novo production of neonatal IgA.
Chemical evidence for the persistence of wine production and trade in Early Medieval Islamic Sicily
Authors: Drieu Léa , Orecchioni Paola , Capelli Claudio , Meo Antonino , Lundy Jasmine , Sacco Viva , Arcifa Lucia , Molinari Alessandra , Carver Martin , Craig Oliver E. 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceAs a high-value luxury commodity, wine has been transported across the Mediterranean since the Bronze Age. The wine trade was potentially disrupted during political and religious change brought about by Islamization in the Early Medieval period; wine consumption is prohibited in Islamic scripture. Utilizing a quantitative criterion based on the relative amounts of two fruit acids in transport amphorae, we show that wine was exported from Sicily beyond the arrival of Islam in the ninth century, including to Christian regions of the central Mediterranean. This finding is significant for understanding how regime change affected trade in the Middle Ages. We also outline a robust analytical approach for detecting wine in archaeological ceramics that will be useful elucidating viniculture more broadly.
Gatorbulin-1, a distinct cyclodepsipeptide chemotype, targets a seventh tubulin pharmacological site
Authors: Matthew Susan , Chen Qi-Yin , Ratnayake Ranjala , Fermaintt Charles S. , Lucena-Agell Daniel , Bonato Francesca , Prota Andrea E. , Lim Seok Ting , Wang Xiaomeng , Díaz J. Fernando , Risinger April L. , Paul Valerie J. , Oliva Maria Ángela , Luesch Hendrik 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Natural products provide the inspiration for most drugs, and marine natural products, in particular, are emerging as promising new therapeutics with new targets or mechanisms of action. Pharmacological targeting of tubulin dynamics has been a validated strategy for cancer therapy for decades, yielding structurally diverse natural products and derivatives, including paclitaxel, vincristine, maytansine, and eribulin, targeting six known and different binding sites. We discovered a chemical scaffold from marine cyanobacteria that targets a seventh tubulin binding site. We report the entire spectrum of the discovered chemical and biological novelties, including the isolation, structure determination, and chemical synthesis of the natural product, and the investigation of its mechanism of action, target identification, and binding mode elucidation at the atomic level.
Continuous electrochemical water splitting from natural water sources via forward osmosis
Authors: Veroneau Samuel S. , Nocera Daniel G. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
The growing need for the widespread adoption of renewable energy necessitates scalable energy storage. A potential route to meeting this challenge is electrochemical water splitting driven by renewable energy that will require, at scale, abundant and accessible sources of water. Recognizing that 96.5% of global water reserves exist as brackish water and seawater, water splitting approaches utilizing these sources and other impure water sources are warranted. The approach described here couples water splitting with forward osmosis to enable saltwater to be utilized directly without pretreatment or purification while circumventing the challenges posed by impurities and parasitic energy-wasting side reactions.
Patient satisfaction with total joint replacement surgery for rheumatoid arthritis: a questionnaire survey for the 2020 update of the Japan college of rheumatology clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Sobue Yasumori , Kojima Masayo , Kojima Toshihisa , Ito Hiromu , Nishida Keiichiro , Matsushita Isao , Hirata Shintaro , Kaneko Yuko , Kishimoto Mitsumasa , Kohno Masataka , Murashima Atsuko , Morinobu Akio , Mori Masaaki , Nakayama Takeo , Sugihara Takahiko , Seto Yohei , Tanaka Eiichi , Hasegawa Mieko , Kawahito Yutaka , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate satisfaction with total joint replacement (TJR) surgery among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
We mailed questionnaires to randomly selected members of the Japan Rheumatism Friendship Association, stratified by age and prefecture, throughout Japan. The questionnaire collected demographic and clinical characteristics as well as patients’ satisfaction with TJR and their current therapy.

Results
Of the 1156 patients who returned the questionnaire, 339 (29.3%) responded that they had had TJR of any type. The mean age was 66.6 years, and 94.4% were women. The mean time period from the hip and knee TJR was 14–15 years. Over half of the patients who had had TJR were satisfied with the results, especially those who had had hip (89.6%) and knee TJR (87.3%), who reported a high level of satisfaction. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that, in patients with knee TJR, satisfaction with current therapy was significantly related to whether they were satisfied with the results of the surgery.

Conclusion
Most patients with RA who had undergone TJR were satisfied with the results even after a long period of time, and their level of satisfaction was associated with their satisfaction with current therapy.
The gravitational field of a massless particle on the horizon of a stationary black hole
Authors: Huber Albert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, the field of a gravitational shockwave generated by a massless point-like particle is calculated at the event horizon of a stationary Kerr–Newman black hole. Using the geometric framework of generalized Kerr–Schild deformations in combination with the spin-coefficient formalism of Newman and Penrose, it is shown that the field equations of the theory, at the event horizon of the black hole, can be reduced to a single linear ordinary differential equation for the so-called profile function of the geometry. This differential relation is solved exactly. Based on the results obtained, a physical interpretation is given for the found shockwave spacetime, and it is clarified how these results lead back to those of previous works on the subject, which deal with the much simpler cases of gravitational shockwaves in static black hole backgrounds.
Averaging with a time-dependent perturbation parameter
Authors: Fajman David , Heißel Gernot , Jang Jin Woo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Motivated by recent problems in mathematical cosmology, in which temporal averaging methods are applied in order to analyse the future asymptotics of models which exhibit oscillatory behaviour, we provide a theorem concerning the large-time behaviour for solutions of a general class of systems. We thus propose our result to be applicable to a wide range of problems in spatially homogenous cosmology with oscillatory behaviour. Mathematically the theorem builds up on the standard theory of averaging in non-linear dynamical systems.
Unit system independent formulation of electrodynamics
Authors: Petrascheck Dietmar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nowadays Maxwell’s equations are formulated merely in the SI system. Physicists should also be familiar with other systems, like the systems of Gauss and Heaviside, but a comparison of equations in different systems is sometimes annoying. In a unified notation it is easier to switch from one system to another and to recognize the consequences of the chosen system. In covariant electrodynamics the comparison of the different systems is based on a frequently used representation of the pseudo-Euclidean metric with four-dimensional electromagnetic quantities. The key role between different systems have the mechanical forces between charges, currents and magnetic poles. They build the basis of the systems and their units.
Dielectric contribution of the IR absorption bands of porous organosilicate glass thin films on a platinum sublayer
Authors: Komandin Gennadiy A , Nozdrin Vadim S , Spektor Igor E , Porodinkov Oleg E , Seregin Dmitry S , Vishnevskiy Alexey S , Vorotilov Konstantin A , Sigov Alexander S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Reduction of interconnect capacitance is one of the key ways to increase the speed of an ultra-large-scale integrated circuit (ULSI). A porous organosilicate glass (OSG) thin film on a platinum sublayer was used as a test vehicle for modelling the conductor–insulator electrodynamic properties in an ULSI. Investigation of the structure and residual effect on the dielectric contributions of the IR absorption bands is a direct approach to control the dielectric properties of the film. The absorption band dispersion was simulated by the Drude–Lorentz equations within a framework consisting of a two-layer medium model. The contributions to the dielectric permittivity of IR absorption bands in thin OSG films with different volume porosities were determined. It was shown that the total dielectric permittivity in the IR region was approximately 10% lower than that at low frequencies of the order of 100 kHz. An additional contribution can arise as a result of low-energy excitations and H2O electrodipole relaxation in the microwave—THz range.
Scrutinizing new physics of B

d
→ ϕ(η
(′), π, ω) decay modes
Authors: Mohapatra Manas K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We inspect the exclusive hadronic decay modes B

d
→ ϕ(η
(′), π, ω), induced by quark-level transitions such as b → d (ΔS = 0) in the vector-like down quark model. These decay modes exhibit high levels of suppression followed by the predicted branching fraction

O

(

1

0

−
9

)

which leads us to scrutinize physics beyond the standard model. We constrain the new parameter space inferred from experimental limits to the leptonic B

d
→ ℓℓ(ℓ = e, μ, τ) and nonleptonic decay modes B

d
→ η′π
0 and B

u
→ ρ
−
η′. We then check that the new physics contributions have a significant impact on the clearly observed so-called branching ratio of the B

d
→ ϕ(η
(′), π, ω) processes.
Strong valley splitting in d
0 two-dimensional SnO induced by magnetic proximity effect
Authors: Zhang Changcheng , Zhang Shuo , Lin Yifeng , Tao Junguang , Guan Lixiu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Strong magnetic interfacial coupling in van der Waals heterostructures is important for designing novel electronic devices. Besides the most studied transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) materials, we demonstrate that the valley splitting can be activated in two-dimensional tetragonal d
0 metal oxide, SnO, via the magnetic proximity effect by EuBrO. In SnO/EuBrO, the valley splitting of SnO can reach ∼46 meV, which is comparable to many TMDCs and equivalent to an external magnetic field of 800 T. In addition, the valley splitting can be further enhanced by adjusting interlayer distance and applying uniaxial strains. A design principle of new spintronic device based on this unique electronic structure of SnO/EuBrO has been proposed. Our findings indicate that SnO is a promising material for future valleytronics applications.
Structure-preserving marker-particle discretizations of Coulomb collisions for particle-in-cell codes
Authors: Hirvijoki Eero 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper contributes new insights into discretizing Coulomb collisions in kinetic plasma models. Building on the previous works (Carrillo et al 2020 J. Comput. Phys. X 7 100066; Hirvijoki and Burby 2020 Phys. Plasmas
27 082307), I propose deterministic discrete-time energy- and positivity-preserving, entropy-dissipating marker-particle schemes for the standard Landau collision operator and the electrostatic gyrokinetic Landau operator. In the case of the standard Landau operator, the scheme preserves also the discrete-time kinetic momentum. The improvements, the extensions of the structure-preserving discretizations by Carrillo et al (2020 J. Comput. Phys. X 7 100066) and Hirvijoki and Burby (2020 Phys. Plasmas
27 082307) to discrete time, are made possible by exploiting the underlying metriplectic structure of the collision operators involved and the so-called discrete-gradient integrators.
A nonlinear M-shaped tri-directional piezoelectric energy harvester
Authors: Chen Keyu , Gao Fei , Liu Zheyuan , Liao Wei-Hsin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we design and experimentally validate a geometric nonlinear M-shaped tri-directional piezoelectric energy harvester. This harvester adopts a single structural design, which consists of a proof mass and a beam bent into an M shape with both ends fixed. Through structural parameter modification, the vibration directions of the first three resonant modes can be nearly orthogonal, which is beneficial to achieve tri-directional energy harvesting. Finite element analysis is performed to guide the design and analyse the working effectiveness of the proposed harvester. The influence of the geometric parameters on the nonlinear stiffness is investigated to broaden the bandwidth of energy harvesting. In the experimental validation, an obvious hardening effect can be observed in vertical excitation at 0.3 m s−2 base acceleration. On the other hand, the power output of the harvester in three directions is in similar level, indicating the capability of tri-directional energy harvesting.
Survey of subrange inconsistency of long-stem standard platinum resistance thermometers
Authors: Peruzzi A , Rusby R L , Pearce J V , Eusebio L , Bojkovski J , Žužek V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The subrange inconsistency (SRI) of a large ensemble of long-stem standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRTs), representative of worldwide production, has been investigated for all pairs of ITS-90 overlapping subranges between 83.8058 K and 933.473 K. The results are reported in terms of various statistical parameters to facilitate their comparison with the results of different authors, although a statistical test, applied to one specific pair of subranges, supported a Gaussian distribution of the results and justified the subsequent use of the mean and standard deviation as statistical parameters. Depending on the pair of overlapping subranges, the mean SRI as calculated varied from −1.23 mK to +0.21 mK and the SRI standard deviation varied from 0.04 mK to 0.62 mK. These numbers generally increased with the upper temperature limit of the pair of subranges, especially where the lower subrange requires a point which is not included in the upper subrange. The contribution to SRI from the fixed-point uncertainty propagation (PoU) was evaluated. The results showed that, although the effect of PoU on SRI largely cancels out for points common to both subranges, PoU still amounts to 59% to 130% of the differences between overlapping pairs of subranges. This means that the differences as calculated are probably a substantial overestimate of the true SRI. It is suggested that this effect is taken into account in making recommendations for typical uncertainties due to non-uniqueness.
Tomographic reconstruction of the runaway distribution function in TCV using multispectral synchrotron images
Authors: Wijkamp T.A. , Perek A. , Decker J. , Duval B. , Hoppe M. , Papp G. , Sheikh U.A. , Classen I.G.J. , Jaspers R.J.E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Synchrotron radiation observed in a quiescent Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV) runaway discharge is studied using filtered camera images targeting three distinct wavelength intervals. Through the tomographic simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) procedure the high momentum, high pitch angle part of the spatial and momentum distribution of these relativistic particles is reconstructed. Experimental estimates of the distribution are important for verification and refinement of formation-, decay- and transport-models underlying runaway avoidance and mitigation strategy design. Using a test distribution it is demonstrated that the inversion procedure provides estimates accurate to within a few tens of percent in the region of phase-space contributing most to the synchrotron image. We find that combining images filtered around different parts of the emission spectrum widens the probed part of momentum-space and reduces reconstruction errors. Next, the SART algorithm is used to obtain information on the spatiotemporal runaway momentum distribution in a selected TCV discharge. The momentum distribution is found to relax towards an avalanche-like exponentially decaying profile. Anomalously high pitch angles and a radial profile increasing towards the edge are found for the most strongly emitting particles in the distribution.Pitch angle scattering by toroidal magnetic field ripple is consistent with this picture. An alternative explanation is the presence of high frequency instabilities in combination with the formation of a runaway shell at the edge of the plasma.
Developing and Validating the Assessment Instruments to Measure Students’ Analytical Thinking Ability and Chemical Literacy on Colligative Properties
Authors: Yandriani  , Rery R U , Erna Maria 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to develop and validate the assessment instruments utilized to measure students’ analytical thinking ability and chemical literacy on colligative properties. This study was research and development (R&D) implementing the ADDIE model. However, this study was limited to the validation of products. The assessment instrument was developed based on indicators of analytical thinking ability and chemical literacy and contained 15 items of questions as the result. Based on the validation result conducted by 3 validators, it was found that the average score of validation was 94% for the material; 91% for the language, and 91% for the construction. Moreover, the validation of the assessment of analytical thinking ability and chemical literacy was 93.33%. Thus, this assessment instrument was valid and feasible to be used in order to measure the students’ analytical thinking ability and chemical literacy on the colligative properties.
Validity and Practicality of The Salt Hydrolysis Electronic Module Based on Structured Inquiry with Interconnection of Three Levels of Chemicals Representation
Authors: Rachmawati T. , Azhar M. , Aini S. , Azra F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Salt hydrolysis is one of the chemical’s material with the associated aqueous reaction in solution. The material is difficult to understand for students. Based on interviews, the learning process has not been interconnected by three levels of chemicals representation. The purpose of the research to decide on the validity and practicality of the salt hydrolysis electronic module based on structured inquiry with the interconnection of three levels of chemicals representation. The method of research was used by Researched and Development of Plomp model. The research instruments are used by sheets validation and sheets practicality. The electronic module was validated by 4 experts. The practicality of the electronic module was checked by 2 chemistry teachers and 60 students at two High Schools in Padang City. Validity and Practicality were analyzed by utilizing Cohen’s Kappa Statistic. The outcomes of validation showed that the electronic module had an almost perfect strength of agreement with a Kappa was 0.87. The practicality level had substantial strength of agreement with a Kappa was 0.80 for the student’s reaction and also almost perfect strength of agreement with a Kappa was 0.85 for the teacher’s reaction. Therefore, the result electronic module of salt hydrolysis can be used as a good alternative for teaching-learning chemistry in high school.
Difference evaluation between plant dyed and industrial dyed cotton fabrics based on perceptual factors
Authors: Yin Wei , Lyu Jia , Xu Bugao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Combined with the basic theoretical knowledge of Kansei Engineering and clothing materials, the perceptual cognition of consumers for different dyed fabrics was studied, and the perceptual evaluation of dyed fabrics of different materials was compared. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis of the survey data in order to find the characteristics of dyed cotton fabric. The perceptual evaluation results of plant dyed fabric and industrial dyed fabric were discussed. The relationship between the preferences of consumers towards plant dyed and industrial dyed cotton fabrics and the perceptual evaluation were analyzed through regression analysis.
Ergonomic performance research and evaluation method of cycling clothes
Authors: Haitang Zuo , Shan Cong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid development of cycling, the cycling clothes have also become more and more popular, however, its poor breathability, sultry wearing, not light skin and some other comfort issues have become the shackles of the rapid growth of this product. From the perspective of clothing ergonomics, the article analyzed the materials of the cycling clothes including fabric attributes, color matching and style structure design, and combined with the current popular intelligent designs technology to expound the current status of the development of cycling clothes. On this basis, the evaluation method of ergonomic performance of cycling clothing was discussed from two aspects: subjective evaluation and objective evaluation, and the development trend of cycling clothes was summarized, which provided related ideas for the design of cycling clothes.
Adding an underwire in bras decreases breast motion and discomfort during locomotion
Authors: Chen X , Sheng X , Sun G , Li Y , Lake M J , Xie H 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether exercise-induced vertical breast motion and discomfort in women with large breasts decrease when an underwired bra is used compared with when an underwire-free bra is worn. Vertical breast displacement was assessed in nine women (C cup size) who exercised on a treadmill in two bra conditions: underwired bra and underwire-free bra. Perceived breast motion and discomfort were reported by each participant using the visual analogue scale after each bra condition trial. Vertical breast displacement and perceived breast motion and discomfort were compared between the two bra conditions. Vertical breast displacement (p < 0.05) and perceived breast motion (p = 0.007) and discomfort (p = 0.025) were significantly lower in the underwired bra condition than in the underwire-free bra condition. The bra design feature of containing an underwire was effective in decreasing exercise-induced vertical breast motion and discomfort among the women with large breasts. The current research is the first study to explore the effects of including a bra underwire on the change in breast motion and discomfort.