bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Effects of 4-CMC and 4-MeO-PVP in DBA/2J Mice After Acute and Intermittent Administration and Following Withdrawal from Intermittent 14-Day Treatment
Authors: Wojcieszak Jakub , Kuczyńska Katarzyna , Zawilska Jolanta B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSynthetic cathinones appeared on the market in the 2000s as new psychoactive substances and gained significant prevalence among drug abusers. Cathinones produce psychostimulant and empathogenic effects by enhancing dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotoninergic neurotransmission in the brain, and those which potently and selectively enhance dopaminergic transmission are considered to have higher abuse potential. The present study examines the behavioral effects related to psychostimulant properties, abuse potential, and addiction in DBA/2J mice of two cathinones with different profile of action on monoamine system, 4-chloromethcathinone (4-CMC), and 4-methoxy-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (4-MeO-PVP). 4-CMC and 4-MeO-PVP increase spontaneous locomotor activity after acute treatment and produce behavioral sensitization after 7-day intermittent treatment, which is a common feature of drugs of abuse. 4-MeO-PVP, but not 4-CMC, produces conditioned place preference after 4 days, indicating its rewarding properties. Finally, the ability of 4-CMC and 4-MeO-PVP to induce withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation from 14-day treatment was assessed using a battery of tests for behavioral markers of depression in mice: a tail suspension test, a forced swim test, measuring despair, and a sucrose preference test, measuring anhedonia. None of the three tests revealed increased depressive symptoms. Moreover, neither spontaneous locomotor activity nor motor performance on a rotarod was impaired after 14-day treatment with the tested compounds. These results indicate that 14-day treatment of mice with 4-CMC or 4-MeO-PVP does not induce significant withdrawal symptoms after cessation, nor significant impairment of dopaminergic circuitry resulting in motor impairment. The current study shows that 4-CMC and 4-MeO-PVP produce abuse-related behavioral changes in mice, which are more pronounced after more dopamine-selective 4-MeO-PVP.
Gelatin-based composite hydrogels with biomimetic lubrication and sustained drug release
Authors: Zhang Kuan , Yang Jielai , Sun Yulong , Wang Yi , Liang Jing , Luo Jing , Cui Wenguo , Deng Lianfu , Xu Xiangyang , Wang Bo , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe occurrence of osteoarthritis is closely related to progressive and irreversible destruction of the articular cartilage, which increases the friction significantly and causes further inflammation of the joint. Thus, a scaffold for articular cartilage defects should be developed via lubrication restoration and drug intervention. In this study, we successfully synthesized gelatin-based composite hydrogels, namely GelMA-PAM-PMPC, with the properties of biomimetic lubrication and sustained drug release by photopolymerization of methacrylic anhydride modified gelatin (GelMA), acrylamide (AM), and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC). Tribological test showed that the composite hydrogels remarkably enhanced lubrication due to the hydration lubrication mechanism, where a tenacious hydration shell was formed around the zwitterionic phosphocholine headgroups. In addition, drug release test indicated that the composite hydrogels efficiently encapsulated an anti-inflammatory drug (diclofenac sodium) and achieved sustained release. Furthermore, the in vitro test revealed that the composite hydrogels were biocompatible, and the mRNA expression of both anabolic and catabolic genes of the articular cartilage was suitably regulated. This indicated that the composite hydrogels could effectively protect chondrocytes from inflammatory cytokine-induced degeneration. In summary, the composite hydrogels that provide biomimetic hydration lubrication and sustained local drug release represent a promising scaffold for cartilage defects in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Modeling the impact of climate change on the hydrology of Andasa watershed
Authors: Tarekegn Negusu , Abate Brook , Muluneh Alemayehu , Dile Yihun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper was aimed to study the impact of climate change on the hydrology of Andasa watershed for the period 2013–2099. The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was calibrated and validated, and thereby used to study the impact of climate change on the water balance. The future climate change scenarios were developed using future climate outputs from the Hadley Center Climate Model version 3 (HadCM3) A2 (high) and B2 (low) emission scenarios and Canadian Earth System Model version 2 (CanESM2) Representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The large-scale maximum/minimum temperature and rainfall data were downscaled to fine-scale resolution using the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM). The mean monthly temperature projection of the four scenarios indicated an increase by a range of 0.4–8.5 °C while the mean monthly rainfall showed both a decrease of up to 97% and an increase of up to 109%. The long-term mean of all the scenarios indicated an increasing temperature and decreasing rainfall trends. Simulations showed that climate change may cause substantial impacts in the hydrology of the watershed by increasing the potential evapotranspiration (PET) by 4.4–17.3% and decreasing streamflow and soil water by 48.8–95.6% and 12.7–76.8%, respectively. The findings suggested that climate change may cause moisture-constrained environments in the watershed, which may impact agricultural activities in the watershed. Appropriate agricultural water management interventions should be implemented to mitigate and adapt to the plausible impacts of climate change by conserving soil moisture and reducing evapotranspiration.
Morphological and biochemical responses of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench under drought stress
Authors: Sarshad Assad , Talei Daryush , Torabi Masoud , Rafiei Farnaz , Nejatkhah Parisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSorghum is an important forage crop, and both quantity and quality of this crop are affected by drought stress. Accordingly, in order to investigate the effect of drought stress on quantity and quality of morpho-physiological traits, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with four replicates in Isfahan, Iran, during 2017 and 2018 crop seasons. Treatments were irrigation regimes with four levels (control, preventing irrigation at pollination, seed milky, and seed doughy stages) and three varieties of sorghum (Sepideh, Kimia, and Payam). The results showed that drought stress negatively influenced morphological and yield-related traits of sorghum, while its effect was positive on some quality-related traits such as total soluble carbohydrate, crude protein, and proline contents. According to the results, drought stress based on prevention of irrigation at doughy stage (representing moderate drought stress) caused inconsiderable reduction in sorghum yield. In addition, drought stress has effect on relationships between morpho-physiological traits in sorghum. Considering morphological and yield-related traits together with susceptibility (stress susceptibility index) and tolerance (geometric mean product) indices indicated that Payam variety is more proper to be used in both drought stress and non-stress conditions. Furthermore, both Kimia and Payam varieties were shown to be suitable varieties based on quality-related traits, but because of having low NDF Payam variety might be more suitable.
Neuro-fuzzy based predictive model for cutting force in CNC turning process of Al–Si–Cu cast alloy using modifier elements
Authors: Marani Mohsen , Zeinali Mohammadjavad , Farahany Saeed , Mechefske Chris K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the predicted cutting force model of a turning operation for Al–Si–Cu cast alloy modified with modifiers based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) approach. Feed rate, cutting speed and Silicon spacing were considered as the input parameters. A series of turning experiments were conducted at various feed rates and cutting speeds. The prediction result showed that the ANFIS model successfully predicted the cutting force value in terms of cutting speed, feed rate and Si spacing. A mathematical model was proposed to describe the cutting force changes during the machining of Al–Si–Cu cast alloy. Moreover, the addition of Bismuth into the base alloy decreased the cutting force compared to other refinement elements.
Understanding the characteristics of rapid intensity changes of Tropical Cyclones over North Indian Ocean
Authors: Nadimpalli Raghu , Mohanty Shyama , Pathak Nishant , Osuri Krishna K. , Mohanty U. C. , Chatterjee Somoshree 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNorth Indian Ocean (NIO), which comprises of Bay of Bengal (BoB) and Arabian Sea (AS) basins, is one of the highly potential regions for Tropical Cyclones (TCs) in the world. Significant improvements have been achieved in the prediction of the movement of TCs, since the last decade. However, the prediction of sudden intensity changes becomes a challenging task for the research and operational meteorologists. Hence, the present study focuses on finding the climatological characteristics of such intensity changes over NIO regions. Rapid Intensification (RI) is defined as the 24-h maximum sustained surface wind speed rate equal to 30 knots (15.4 ms−1). The results suggest that the TCs formed over the NIO basin are both seasonal and basin sensitive. Since 2000, a significant trend is observed in RI TCs over the basin. At least one among three cyclones getting intensified is of RI category. More number of RI cases have been identified in the BoB basin than the AS. The post-monsoon season holds more RI and rapid decay cases, with 63% and 90% contribution. Most of the TCs are attaining RI onset in their initial stage. Further, India is receiving more landfalling RI TCs, followed by Bangladesh and Oman. The east coast of India, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh are the most vulnerable states to these RI TCs. The cyclogenesis locations associated with RI cases hold higher moisture, and sea surface temperature as compared to the Non-RI cases.
Detailed vibrational analysis of unbalanced morning glory spillways using coupled finite volume-finite element method
Authors: Mirabi Mohammad H. , Akbari Hassan , Alembagheri Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this research, the structural behavior of a morning glory spillway has been evaluated when there is an unbalanced construction in the spillway crest. The unbalanced construction is defined as the ratio of vertical unbalance in construction to the diameter of the spillway crest. The spillway structure has been modeled using finite element method and the reservoir fluid has been simulated using finite volume method. The behavior of morning glory spillways with unbalanced crests has been investigated in two scenarios: (a) the crest without any anti-vortex structure, and (b) the crest with anti-vortex structures. Both scenarios have been simulated using dynamic linear analysis method. In addition, in each scenario, three amounts of unbalanced constructions of 0.017, 0.035 and 0.052 have been considered. The analysis results have been compared with the structural response of a symmetric spillway without unbalanced construction. Based on the results, the most critical condition occurs during the water flow over the unbalanced spillway with no anti-vortex structure. On the other hand, the presence of anti-vortex piers causes asymmetric flow on the spillway crest and subsequently asymmetric flow pressure at one side of the piers.
Bioconvection casson nanofluid flow together with Darcy-Forchheimer due to a rotating disk with thermal radiation and arrhenius activation energy
Authors: Saeed Anwar , Gul Taza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this research article, we examined the Darcy-Forchheimer 3D in bioconvection Casson nanofluid flow in light of a whirling disk with Arrhenius Activation Energy and thermal Radiation. The governing equations are converted to the similarity equations and solved afterward by utilizing the Homotopy Analysis Method on behalf of several controlling parameters. The findings from this study show, that the radial velocity and tangential component of velocity decreasing for increasing values of the Inertia coefficient and the Porosity parameter. Velocity profiles enlarge with the enlargement of $$Gr$$

Gr

for nanofluids. Radial velocity diminishes with expanding Reynolds numbers $${\text{Re}}_{r}$$

Re
r

and magnetic field parameters. The tangential component of velocity $$g\left( \xi \right)$$

g

ξ

increases with diminishing Reynolds numbers $${\text{Re}}_{r}$$

Re
r

and reduces with expanding magnetic field factors. For increasing values of Prandtl number temperature profile is increased. Heat rises with radiation parameter, thermophoresis and Brownian movement parameters. Also, nanoparticles concentration reduces on expanding Brownian motion parameter and Schmidt parameter.
Assessment of bacterial contamination of Mytilus galloprovincialis, Cardium edule and water quality in Bouregreg estuary (Morocco, Atlantic Ocean)
Authors: Salama Youssef , Salama Othmane , El Amraoui Mohammed , Chennaoui Mohammed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Moroccan marine environment is threatened by several types of pollution. Indeed, the littoral zone knew an urban, industrial and agricultural development without precedent; moreover, coastal waters have served as discharges for almost all activities linked to this development. The aim of this study is to determine the biological, physicochemical and bacteriological quality of waters and bivalve shells in the Bouregreg estuary. Sampling was carried out at four stations (S1, S2, S3 and S4) located downstream to upstream of the estuary. Thus, we analysed the degree of contamination by total coliform, faecal coliform and faecal streptococci in the water and in the flesh ofMytilus galloprovincialisandCardium eduleand determined the physicochemical parameters of seawater samples, which included temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, total hardness, biological oxygen demand for five days (BOD5), complete alkalimetric title, NO2−, NO3−, NH4+, Fe2+, K+, SO42−, HCO3−, Cl−, Na+, Mg2+and Ca2+. The S1, S2 and S3 stations were shown to have more or less homogeneous physicochemical properties. The evolution of faecal bacteriological contamination of water and bivalves has shown that faecal pollution of the environment varies according to the stations and according to the seasons. The degree of contamination is high in autumn and winter and comes from wastewater and runoff discharges which, by leaching agricultural land, bring a large number of microorganisms to the environment. This influences the quality of the aquatic fauna, in particular, the infestation of lamellibranch molluscs such as inMytilus galloprovincialisandCardium edule. We have noted that the contamination of mussels by these types of microorganisms follows, more or less, that of the biotope. It should also be noted that in summer, the faecal contamination of the environment increases with the arrival of summer visitors.
Assessment of carbonaceous fractions in ambient aerosols at high altitude and lowland urban locations of Kumaon Province, Indian Himalaya
Authors: Kumar Amit , Singh Sachchidanand , Kumar Niraj , Singh Narendra , Kumar Krishan , Chourasiya Sapna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study investigates the characteristics of carbonaceous species like organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in ambient total suspended particulates (TSP) at Bhimtal (high altitude urban, 1413 m asl) and Pantnagar (lowland urban, 224 m asl) sites of Kumaon province in Uttarakhand, Indian Himalayan region during winter and summer 2017–2018. Ambient TSP samples were taken on quartz filters with high volume sampler followed by OC and EC quantification using IMPROVE_thermal optical reflectance protocol. Results showed that distinct seasonal differences in carbonaceous species levels were observed at both sites, while day- and night-time concentrations did not show notable variations. Further, total carbonaceous aerosols (TCA) at Pantnagar were approximately 3.0 and 1.3 times higher than Bhimtal for winter and summer, respectively, where estimated TCA accounted for ~ 30% to total TSP at both sites. Among quantified eight carbon fractions, OC2 and OC3 at Bhimtal while EC1 and EC2 at Pantnagar were the most abundant components. The char-EC and soot-EC concentrations showed a similar seasonal pattern where char contributed significantly as 89–90% to total EC at both sites. The observed OC/EC ratios suggested the formation of secondary organic carbon and char-EC/soot-EC ratios implied biomass burning as major sources for carbonaceous aerosols. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that char-EC showed significant higher correlations with OC and EC than soot-EC which infers different formation mechanisms of char and soot. Most of the carbonaceous parameters exhibited contrasting positive and negative correlations with the boundary layer height, temperature, and solar radiation at Bhimtal and Pantnagar, respectively.
Fuzzified Coulomb’s and Franklin’s laws behaved optimization for economic dispatch in multi-area multi-fuel power system
Authors: Sakthivel V. Ponnuvel , Sathya P. Duraisamy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMulti-Area Multi-Fuel Economic Dispatch (MAMFED) aims to allocate the best generation schedule in each area and to offer the best power transfers between different areas by minimizing the objective functions among the available fuel alternatives for each unit while satisfying various constraints in power systems. In this paper, Fuzzified Coulomb’s and Franklin’s Laws Behaved Optimization (FCFLBO) approach is proposed to solve the MAMFED problem. Coulomb’s and Franklin’s Laws Behaved Optimization (CFLBO) approach is developed from Coulomb’s and Franklin’s theories, which encompass fascination/aversion, ionization, and contact stages. The suggested approach considers the line losses, valve point loading impacts, multi-fuel alternatives, and tie-line limits of the power system. Because of the contradicting nature of fuel cost and pollutant emission objectives, weighted sum approach and price penalty factor are used to transfer the bi-objective function into single objective function. Furthermore, a fuzzy decision strategy is introduced to find one of the Pareto optimal fronts as the best comprised solution. The feasibility of the FCFLBO algorithm is tested on a three-area test system for both the single-area multi-fuel economic dispatch and MAMFED problems. The results of FCFLBO algorithm are compared with those of the krill herd algorithm, exchange market algorithm and other heuristic approaches surfaced in the literature. To show the effectiveness of FCFLBO algorithm, multi-objective performance indicators such as generational distance, spacing metric and ratio of non-dominated individuals are evaluated. The results divulge that the FCFLBO is a promising approach to solve the MAMFED problem as it furnishes better compromised solution in comparison with the other heuristic approaches.
Swept Langmuir probe investigation of a time varying DC discharge
Authors: Qayyum A. , Naseer M. Usman , Deeba F. , Ahmad S. , Shah S. I. W. , Imran Mubashair , Hussain S. , Zakaullah M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe paper reports on the development and application of a swept Langmuir probe to characterize plasma between two disc-like electrodes. A battery was added to a probe circuit to offset against the cathode fall voltage, and to make the sweep voltage effective at the probe tip. This arrangement allowed the collection of the electron and ion parts of the probe current and the subsequent construction of time-resolved current–voltage IP(V) characteristics with a time resolution of about one millisecond. The probe collected electron current in the lower voltage region of the discharge waveform where it surmounted the cathode fall voltage, whereas the ion current was collected continuously due to an accelerating field for the ions. The results highlighted how the cathode fall voltage limits the collection of the electron and ion parts of the probe current and how to handle the problem with a series battery in the probe circuit. In addition to the swept single-probe, a triple-probe was used simultaneously to compare and validate the results.
Evaluation of the permeability of high strength concrete using metakaolin and wood ash as partial replacement for cement
Authors: Kannan V. , Raja Priya P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study is aimed to develop a high strength concrete by using mineral admixtures of wood ash (WA), metakaolin (MK), and chemical admixture. In order to check the compatibility, physical and chemical properties of the materials are studied. The specific gravity, bulk density and fineness of the ordinary Portland cement, wood ash and metakaolin have been studied. When compare to other materials, metakaolin has a more fineness and it implies the more reactivity than the wood ash. Similarly, the physical properties of the fine aggregate and coarse aggregates are also studies. And compressive strength, water absorption test, rapid chloride penetration test is also conducted. From the test report, it can be noted that the maximum compressive strength is achieved 83 N/mm2 in 10% WA + 20% MK blended concrete. The lowest water absorption and chloride permeability were obtained as 2.5% and 348 C respectively in 10% WA + 20% MK blended concrete. At the end of the experimental works, all obtained results were correlated with each other. The water absorption is well correlated with compressive strength (R2 = 84.9%) and charge passed (R2 = 91.5%). Finally, the cost analysis was carried out to understand the cost benefits of using the wood ash and metakaolin in high strength concrete.
Sustainable water management in the Angkor Temple Complex, Cambodia
Authors: Chim Kosal , Tunnicliffe Jon , Shamseldin Asaad , Sarun Sambath 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe headwater catchment of the Siem Reap River has supplied the Angkor Temple Complex and surrounding communities since the twelfth century. The Angkor Temple Complex area consists of historical moats and barays (reservoirs) which are currently used to store the water from the Siem Reap River to maintain temple foundation, irrigate cultivation areas and provide floodwater storage. The Angkor Wat Temple, which is located in the complex, was constructed on a sandy alluvial substrate and needs a stable supply of water to avert land subsidence and destabilization of the temple foundation. In light of changing climate, land use and land cover (LULC) trends, it is crucial to examine the wide-ranging implications of reduced water supply for the Angkor Temple Complex. Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, this study seeks to assess the conditions necessary to provide sustainable streamflow to the Angkor Temple Complex. We modelled 30 scenarios of co-varied LULC and precipitation regime under a changing climate. The results show that under most LULC scenarios, sufficient water resources can be harvested to supply the complex—however—any further loss of forest cover is likely to impact groundwater conditions, flood management and dry season shortages. Conversely, the water supply to the complex is shown to be sensitive under the range of climate scenarios explored; a reduction of more than 10–20% in mean annual precipitation was enough to put the water supply under stress for the current and future conditions of the complex.