bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tensions in the communication of science advice on fish and fisheries: northern cod, species at risk, sustainable seafood
Authors: Hutchings Jeffrey A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProviding science-based advice can be challenging. Personal in its reflections, the story that follows asks throughout: What constitutes an appropriate model for the communication of science-based advice that best serves society? The first “front line,” in 1992, involved tenuous hypotheses on the collapse and recovery of Newfoundland's Northern cod (Gadus morhua), raising troubling questions about political influence on science-based advice and on its integrity. These questions subsequently motivated a critique written with two colleagues on the communication of science to decision-makers, provoking a telling invective from a government department in defence of the status quo. The story transitions to my 2000–2012 tenure as a member and then as chair of Canada's national body advising which species should be on the legally binding national at-risk register, illustrating how politically sensitive science-based advice can be objectively, effectively, and independently communicated, unfiltered by vested interests. Since 2009, I have served as independent science advisor on the sourcing of sustainable seafood to Canada's largest food retailer, providing a meaningful, impactful opportunity to advise their decision-makers. Science-based advice, free from political and advocacy-driven vested interests, is a requisite return for tax-supported investments in science. If provision of such advice is a “moral imperative,” as argued more than 60 years ago by C.P. Snow, then scientists are obliged to be the best advisors that we can be.
Partisanship in a Young Democracy: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Stoecker Alexander 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile past studies have put forward many reasons why partisanship in young African democracies should be considered weak, I show evidence that suggests the presence of strong and stable patterns of partisanship among ordinary citizens. Based on survey data from Ghana, I exploit the variation introduced by the close general elections of 2008 to compare perceptions and attitudes of party supporters when their preferred party is in power and when it is not in a Difference-in-differences setting. The results suggest that partisanship is both meaningful and prompts motivated reasoning among citizens. On the one hand, this can be seen as evidence for a stable party landscape and thus a more mature democracy, but on the other hand, partisan polarization may also obstruct effective governance. Furthermore, the analysis of attitudes towards democratic principles uncovers a double standard that carries the potential to negatively affect efforts towards the consolidation of democracy. A simple heterogeneity analysis indicates that improving education might reduce partisan polarization but will likely not erase it. The analysis further suggests that ethnic identities seem to exist alongside partisan identities, but still, strongly determine the strength of party attachment in Ghana. Future research on political behavior needs to acknowledge the presence of these partisan motives and continue to investigate the impact of partisanship on the further development of democratic institutions in African democracies.
Even employees are undertakings in the labour market, but granting social rights is not antitrust’s job
Authors: Maggiolino Mariateresa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The lively debate about the right of gig workers to bargain collectively stems from the idea that European Union (EU) competition law treats this group of workers worse than it treats employees. Namely, it is common to argue that employees, unlike gig workers, are permitted to conclude collective agreements because they are not undertakings and, therefore, not subject to EU competition law. In sharp contrast, by analysing the EU notion of undertaking, this article demonstrates—and this is the first of its theses—that in the labour market, which is the market that should matter in relation to the effects of collective agreements, employees are as much undertakings as any other worker, such as gig workers or other self-employed workers. The article further maintains that the reason employees are currently allowed to bargain collectively, while other workers are not, is to be found not within competition law, but outside it. At present, employees’ collective agreements are exempt from the application of EU competition law because employees enjoy the right to bargain collectively, among other social rights, and because the Court of Justice of the European Union has (rightly) recognized that the protection of these rights must trump the protection of competition. Consequently, this article argues, as its second thesis, that if Articles 151–161 TFEU were interpreted so as to grant social rights to workers other than employees, the collective agreements of gig workers and other under-protected self-employed workers would be exempt from EU competition law, as are those of employees. At the same time, however, this paper recognizes that, in the absence of such an interpretative turn, antitrust legislators and policy makers could aid gig workers and other under-protected self-employed workers by excluding them and their collective agreements from the scope of application of competition law. This—and here is the third thesis of the article—would not force the interpretation of antitrust notions and rules and would thus not require antitrust authorities and courts to use competition law to pursue goals different from the protection of efficiency and innovation.
Island = womb?—A corpus-based study on the island image in Mourning Becomes Electra
Authors: Zheng Fei , Cheng Yanqin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The island image is frequently seen in Eugene O’Neill’s plays. Based on a self-developed corpus, this paper explored the employment of the island image and its implication in the trilogy Mourning Becomes Electra. There are altogether three island-related words in the play: island(s) and isles. An analysis of these words in terms of the addresser, the addressee, and the dialogue situation, the lexical item showed that among all the thirty-nine occurrences of the island-words, nineteen appear in the dialogues involving Christine, the mother, and eighteen in dialogues involving Lavinia, the daughter. Based on the concordance and the relevant lexical item analysis, the authors found that the island was symbolic of the womb, a warm water/love-filled peaceful place residing in a woman. By further relating the use of this image to O’Neill’s own life, the authors concluded that the island image (together with the use of the image in O’Neill’s other plays) could be attributed to O’Neill’s yearning for love, especially maternal love, a theme Eugene O’Neill pursued lifelong. This paper thus offers substantial materials for the understanding of O’Neill’s obsession with the island image in his plays.
Patient preferences for cancer screening in chronic kidney disease: a best–worst scaling survey
Authors: James Laura J , Wong Germaine , Tong Allison , Craig Jonathan C , Howard Kirsten , Howell Martin 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Despite an increased cancer risk for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), uptake of cancer screening varies due to competing priorities and complex health-related issues. This study aimed to elicit the preferences and important attributes of cancer screening in patients with CKD.

Methods
An on-line best–worst scaling survey was used to ascertain the relative importance of 22 screening attributes among CKD patients using an incomplete block design. Preference scores (0–1) were calculated by multinomial logistic regression. Preference heterogeneity was evaluated.

Results
The survey was completed by 83 patients: 26 not requiring kidney replacement therapy, 20 receiving dialysis and 37 transplant recipients (mean age 59 years, 53% men, 75% prior to cancer screening). The five most important attributes were early detection {preference score 1.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90–1.10]}, decreased risk of cancer death [0.85 (0.75–0.94)], false negatives [0.71 (0.61–0.80)], reduction in immunosuppression if detected [0.68 (0.59–0.78)] and non-invasive interventions after positive results [0.68 (0.59–0.78)]. Preference heterogeneity reflected the stage of CKD. Immunosuppression reduction [mean difference 0.11 (95% CI 0.02–0.19)] and views of family/friends [0.10 (reference attribute)] were important for transplant recipients. Screening frequency [−0.18 (95% CI −0.26 to −0.10)] and overdiagnosis of harmless cancers [−0.14 (95% CI −0.22 to −0.10)] were important for dialysis patients.

Conclusion
Early detection, risk of cancer-related death, false negatives, immunosuppression reduction and non-invasive interventions following detection are important cancer screening considerations among CKD patients. Patient preferences are key to shared decision-making and individualized cancer screening.
Localized task-invariant emotional valence encoding revealed by intracranial recordings
Authors: Weisholtz Daniel S , Kreiman Gabriel , Silbersweig David A , Stern Emily , Cha Brannon , Butler Tracy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The ability to distinguish between negative, positive and neutral valence is a key part of emotion perception. Emotional valence has conceptual meaning that supersedes any particular type of stimulus, although it is typically captured experimentally in association with particular tasks. We sought to identify neural encoding for task-invariant emotional valence. We evaluated whether high-gamma responses (HGRs) to visually displayed words conveying emotions could be used to decode emotional valence from HGRs to facial expressions. Intracranial electroencephalography was recorded from 14 individuals while they participated in two tasks, one involving reading words with positive, negative, and neutral valence, and the other involving viewing faces with positive, negative, and neutral facial expressions. Quadratic discriminant analysis was used to identify information in the HGR that differentiates the three emotion conditions. A classifier was trained on the emotional valence labels from one task and was cross-validated on data from the same task (within-task classifier) as well as the other task (between-task classifier). Emotional valence could be decoded in the left medial orbitofrontal cortex and middle temporal gyrus, both using within-task classifiers and between-task classifiers. These observations suggest the presence of task-independent emotional valence information in the signals from these regions.
The economic consequences of major tax cuts for the rich
Authors: Hope David , Limberg Julian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe last 50 years has seen a dramatic decline in taxes on the rich across the advanced democracies. There is still fervent debate in both political and academic circles, however, about the economic consequences of this sweeping change in tax policy. This article contributes to this debate by utilizing a newly constructed indicator of taxes on the rich to identify all instances of major tax reductions on the rich in 18 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries between 1965 and 2015. We then estimate the average effects of these major tax reforms on key macroeconomic aggregates. We find tax cuts for the rich lead to higher income inequality in both the short- and medium-term. In contrast, such reforms do not have any significant effect on economic growth or unemployment. Our results therefore provide strong evidence against the influential political–economic idea that tax cuts for the rich ‘trickle down’ to boost the wider economy.
Exploring annelids in the age of Enlightenment and beyond: classification and bioluminescence
Authors: Rota Emilia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The diversity of segmented worms was gradually recognized during the 18th century and referred to a special type of animal, distinct from insects and other groups. The relationship of microdriles with earthworms was suspected, thanks to the pioneering work of Rösel, Schäffer and Müller. However, annelids could not be diagnosed correctly, nor could any reliable classification be elaborated, as long as life forms were grouped by body shape, ‘degree of perfection’ (morphoanatomical or behavioural complexity), type of reproduction (sexual/asexual) or other aspects considered in isolation, as practised by Bonnet, Linnaeus and, later, Lamarck and Ehrenberg. The different attitude of Pallas and Cuvier, based on a rigorous anatomical/physiological evaluation, led to the unveiling of the interrelationships between the most varied forms and the specificities of the annelid body plan. In particular, Cuvier’s deep understanding of the internal structures of animals allowed him to recognize, at the close of the 18th century, the kinship between microdriles, megadriles and leeches. The reinterpretation of two episodes of oligochaete bioluminescence, one in France, the other, hitherto neglected, in Siberia, provides a good illustration of the state of knowledge of clitellates in the early 1770s. Neither species was named at the time, yet both were characterized sufficiently to be identified unequivocally today.
A lethargic child with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Yi Hyun J. , Ahern Brian J. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
COVID-19 infection in children is less understood than COVID-19 infection in adults, and although it is believed to cause mild or asymptomatic infections, several cases of severe or atypical presentations have been reported. Children presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms, even those without respiratory symptoms, should raise the suspicion for possible COVID-19 infection. This case report describes a 20-month-old girl with a clear history of COVID-19 exposure whose acute abdomen and lethargy were diagnosed as COVID-19 infection complicated by intussusception.
Unexpected Learning Opportunities for Nursing Students
Authors: Carey Sheri K. , Kies Joshua M. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT:
Restrictions on groups and public gatherings during the COVID-19 pandemic have limited in-person learning experiences for nursing students. But the crisis has also led to unanticipated opportunities. In this article, we describe how participation in vaccination clinics at our university offered students occasions for experiential learning that aren't normally part of nursing education. Volunteering at these clinics allowed our students to practice important skills while participating in efforts to help mitigate the spread of the virus.
Understanding the Language of Health Reform
Authors: Rambur Betty , Pulcini Joyce 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
COVID-19 has accelerated the dialogue surrounding access to health insurance, including the potential for a public option, “Medicare for All,” or modification of the 2010 Affordable Care Act. A dizzying array of terms and assertions surround these health policy discussions, as well as misrepresentation and lack of specificity. This article offers a primer on contemporary reform terms and options that are likely to be prominent over the next several years and outlines some health care–related elements of the American Rescue Plan Act, a massive COVID-relief act passed in March 2021. The aim of this nonpartisan overview is to enhance nurses' understanding of these terms as a basis for effective participation in public policy and patient advocacy.
Are Reports of Pain, Disability, Quality of Life, Psychological Factors, and Central Sensitization Related to Outcomes of Quantitative Sensory Testing in Patients Suffering From Chronic Whiplash Associated Disorders?
Authors: Lenoir Dorine , Willaert Ward , Ickmans Kelly , Bernaers Lisa , Nijs Jo , Malfliet Anneleen , Danneels Lieven , Leysen Laurence , De Pauw Robby , Cagnie Barbara , Coppieters Iris , Meeus Mira 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Chronic whiplash associated disorders (CWAD) are characterized by long-lasting symptoms of neck pain occurring after an acceleration-deceleration injury. Central sensitization (CS) has been suggested as the possible underlying mechanism for these symptoms, and is characterized by changes in the central nervous system. Besides CS, psychological factors are believed to play an important role in the experience of (chronic) pain.

Objective:
Investigating the relationships between self-reported pain, disability, quality of life, psychological factors, and symptoms of CS; and electrical-based quantitative sensory testing (QST) outcomes in CWAD patients. Secondly, to investigate the differences in QST between CWAD patients and pain-free controls.

Methods:
Seventy-two individuals with CWAD and 55 pain-free controls underwent electrical stimuli-based QST. Detection and pain thresholds (EPT), temporal summation (TS), and conditioned pain modulation were examined. Spearman correlation and linear mixed models analyses were performed to assess, respectively, the hypothesized associations and group differences in QST.

Results:
The Pain Catastrophizing magnification subscale correlated with the left wrist EPT (r=−0.332; P=0.004), and the Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale-20 with the left wrist (r=−0.325; P=0.005) and ankle (r=−0.330; P=0.005) EPT. TS at the ankle correlated with the CS inventory (r=0.303; P=0.010), Short Form 36 pain subscale (r=−0.325; P=0.005), and Illness Perception Questionnaire revised consequences subscale (r=0.325; P=0.005). EPTs left (P=0.011) and right wrist (P=0.023) were lower in the CWAD group, but conditioned pain modulation and TS did not differ between groups.

Conclusion:
QST outcomes relate to psychological constructs, rather than to self-reported pain intensity and distribution. Local hyperalgesia was found in individuals with CWAD, but no differences in endogenous pain facilitation nor inhibition.
Prevalence and renal prognosis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients with preserved systolic function
Authors: Borrelli Silvio , De Nicola Luca , Garofalo Carlo , Paoletti Ernesto , Lucà Sergio , Chiodini Paolo , Lucà Stefano , Peruzzu Nicola , Netti Antonella , Lembo Eugenio , Stanzione Giovanna , Conte Giuseppe , Minutolo Roberto 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is common in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD) patients; however, the prevalence estimated according to the new diagnostic criteria as well as the prognostic role of diastolic dysfunction on CKD progression remain unknown.

Method:
We longitudinally evaluated consecutive ND-CKD patients and preserved systolic function (LV ejection fraction > 50%). According to the recently updated guidelines, LV diastolic dysfunction was assessed by four echocardiographic variables (annular e′ velocity, average mitral valve E-wave/e′ ratio, left atrial volume index and tricuspid regurgitation). Patients were classified as diastolic dysfunction, indeterminate and normal. Time-dependent estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) change was assessed by mixed-effects regression model. Cumulative incidence of composite renal outcome (eGFR decline > 50% or chronic dialysis) was also estimated.

Results:
Among 140 patients (age 66.2 ± 14.5 years; 61% males; eGFR 39.8 ± 21.8 ml/min per 1.73m2; 43.6% diabetics), diastolic dysfunction occurred in 22.9%, indeterminate in 45.7% and normal in 31.4%. Prevalence of diastolic dysfunction was much lower than that estimated with older criteria (62.7%). Logistic regression (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval [CI]) showed that diastolic dysfunction was associated with lower eGFR (0.97, 0.94–0.99), older age (1.04, 1.01–1.06) and night-time systolic blood pressure (1.04, 1.00–1.07). Across 1702 eGFR measurements collected during a median follow-up of 4.6 years, eGFR decline (ml/min per 1.73m2; per year) was faster in patients with diastolic dysfunction (−2.12, 95% CI from −2.68 to −1.56) and in the indeterminate (11.2/100 pts per year) as compared to normal (−1.14, 95% CI from −1.64 to −0.63). Incidence of composite renal outcome was significantly higher in diastolic dysfunction (13.8/100 pts/year) than in normal group (3.5/100 pts per year)’.

Conclusion:
In ND-CKD population, LV diastolic dysfunction is less frequent than previously described and acts as independent predictor of CKD progression.
Therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined montelukast sodium on cough variant asthma in children
Authors: Zhou Xiuling , Zhang Ye , Liu Le , Feng Xiaochun , Zhang Hongshi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Cough variant asthma in children is a special type of asthma. Although there are many effective cases of combined acupuncture and western medicine in the clinical treatment of this kind of children, there is no standardized acupuncture combined with western medicine to evaluate the curative effect. Therefore, combined with existing reports, a systematic review and meta-analysis of acupuncture combined with montelukast sodium in the treatment of cough variant asthma in children were carried out to obtain conclusive results.

Methods:
The following electronic databases will be searched: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, CNKI, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, VIP, and Wan Fang databases. We will consider articles published between database initiation and October 2021. We will use Review Manager 5.4, provided by the Cochrane Collaborative Network for statistical analysis. Clinical randomized controlled trials related to acupuncture combined with montelukast sodium on cough variant asthma in children were included in this study. Language is limited to both Chinese and English. Research selection, data extraction, and research quality assessments were independently completed by two researchers. We then assessed the quality and risk of the included studies and observed the outcome measures.

Results:
This study provides a high-quality synthesis to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined with montelukast sodium on cough variant asthma in children.

Conclusion:
This systematic review will provide evidence to determine whether acupuncture combined with montelukast sodium is an effective and safe intervention for patients with cough variant asthma in children.

INPLASY Registration number:
INPLASY2021110006.