bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognition and Subjective Age Predict Physical Activity Engagement: A Longitudinal Study of Impaired Older Adults
Authors: Growney Claire , Zhu Xianghe , Neupert Shevaun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Physical activity is an important factor in preventing or slowing cognitive decline. However, the predictors of fluctuations in physical activity in a population that is already experiencing cognitive impairment is not well understood. Subjective age, such as how old one feels, has been tied to many health indicators in cognitively intact populations. Thus, we focused on the within-person associations between subjective age and physical activity as they unfold over time within a sample of cognitively impaired participants. The current study examined 400 reports from measurement burst data consisting of 5 weekly surveys conducted twice across 6 months from 68 cognitively impaired participants (M age = 70.14 (6.63), range = 60-92). Participants completed a battery of cognitive tests at baseline. At each weekly assessment, participants reported on their physical activity (e.g., exercise, outdoor, flexibility, and strength activities; Yes/No) and subjective age with respect to how old they feel overall and how old they feel mentally. There were longitudinal decreases in physical activity across the bursts, but on occasions when participants felt younger overall or younger mentally there were increases in physical activity. In addition, the effects of mental subjective age depended on cognitive ability, with those scoring lower in cognitive ability appearing to benefit the most from decreases (feeling younger) in mental subjective age. These findings suggest that perceptions of aging, especially within the domain of mental age, are tied to physical activity engagement for older adults with cognitive impairment.
The Inventory of Physical Activity Barriers for Adults 50 Years and Older: Refinement and Validation
Authors: Wingood Mariana , Jones Salene , Gell Nancy , Peters Denise , Brach Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Addressing physical activity (PA) barriers is an essential component of increasing PA among the 56-73% of community-dwelling adults 50 years and older who are not performing the recommended 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA. As there is no feasible, multi-factorial tool to assess PA barriers among this population, we developed and validated a PA barrier assessment tool called the Inventory of Physical Activity Barriers (IPAB). We collected cross-sectional data on 503 adults (mean age 70.1), with 79 participants completing the scale twice for test-retest reliability and 64 completing a cross-over design examining the ability to use two administration formats interchangeably. Our analyses consisted of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland-Altman Plot, and t-tests. Using factor analysis, we identified and confirmed an eight-factor solution consisting of 27 items. The 27-item IPAB is internally consistent (alpha= 0.91), has a high test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.99), and can differentiate between individuals who meet the recommended levels of PA and those who do not (p &lt; 0.001). The IPAB scores ranged between 1.00-3.11 for the paper format (mean=1.78) and 1.07-3.48 for the electronic format (mean=1.78), with no statistical difference between the paper and electronic administration formats (p=0.94), resulting in the conclusion that the two administration formats can be used interchangeably. Participant feedback illustrates that the IPAB is easy to use, has clear instruction, and is an appropriate length. The newly validated IPAB scale can be used to develop individualized PA interventions that address PA barriers among patients 50 years and older.
Descriptive Epidemiology of Fall-Related Injuries Among Older Adults in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Lappan Nicolette , Zecevic Aleksandra , Ming Yu , Hunter Susan , Johnson Andrew 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The number of older adults is growing rapidly in the province of Ontario meaning there will be more fall-related injuries (FRIs) in coming decades. Falls are the leading cause of injury-related hospitalizations in Canada. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence, circumstances, types, and locations of FRIs among older adults in Ontario. Using a population-based retrospective design, we analyzed secondary data from three health administrative databases (NACRS, DAD, RPDB) for 2010-2014. Older adults (≥ 65 years) admitted to an emergency department (ED) with a combined diagnosis of ICD-10-CA codes for a fall (W00-W19) and injury (S00-S99 or T00-T14) were selected. Descriptive statistics were performed in R and rates were reported per 100,000 population. There were 304,610 FRI ED admissions (3,089/100,000) and 143,210 patients (47.0%) were subsequently hospitalized (1,452/100,000). Females accounted for 63.0% ED and 61.2% hospital admissions. Age-specific rates increased with age at both ED (2,208/100,000 in 65-69 group, 6,552/100,000 in 90+ years old) and hospital (698/100,000 in 65-69 group, 4,364/100,000 in 90+ years old). Females had higher rates of ED (3,503 vs. 2,572/100,000) and hospital (1,598 vs. 1,270/100,000) admissions than males. The most common injury types at the ED were fractures (1,234/100,000), superficial injuries (719/100,000), other or unspecified injuries (572/100,000), open wounds (498/100,000), and sprains, strains, and tears (162/100,000). FRIs are a considerable problem for older adults and better injury prevention strategies are needed for all female age groups, the 90+ year age group of both genders, and fractures.
Depressive Cognitions Impact On A Latent Growth Curve Model Of Depressive Symptoms In Caregiving Grandmothers
Authors: Burant Christopher , Musil Carol , Zauszniewski Jaclene , Jeanblanc Alexandra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Grandmothers caring for grandchildren have elevated levels of depressive symptoms compared to grandmothers who do not provide care. While the CES-D measures the somatic, positive and negative affect, and interpersonal strain symptoms experienced with depression, the Depressive CognitionScale © captures the change in cognitive thinking that often precedes depression. Depressive symptoms, on the other hand, are state like in nature and describe depressive symptoms that have happened recently. While depressive cognitions, according to Beck’s theory of depression, are the first negative thought processes to appear, these typically lead to other, more serious symptoms of depression. Specifically, depressive cognitions reflect negative thinking patterns and not depression. Data were collected on 343 participants in a longitudinal nationwide online research study of caregiving grandmothers. A latent growth curve model was used to track the trajectory of depressive symptoms at four time points (baseline, 2 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks). As depressive cognitions are the precursor to the development of depressive symptoms, a latent growth curve model was tested to gain an understanding of how depressive cognitions impacts the trajectory of depressive symptoms over time. The model fit the data well (Chi Square=21.025; df=9; p=.013; TLI=.976; CFI=.985; RMSEA=.063). Baseline depressive cognitions had a strong impact on the intercept (Standardized Beta=.76, p&lt;.001) and the slope of depressive symptoms (Standardized Beta=-.67, p&lt;.001). The continued impact of depressive cognitions over 24 weeks indicates the need for potential interventions to further address depressive cognitions as a way to decrease depressive symptoms in grandmother caregivers.
Development of a New Measure of Intergenerational Contact
Authors: Hooker Karen , Turner Shelbie , Jarrott Shannon , Geldhof John 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Intergenerational relationships are a predictor of greater physical, mental, and emotional well-being; they can reduce ageism and facilitate feelings of purpose and meaning, shown to be important for health and mortality. Surprisingly there are no measures of intergenerational contact (IGC) shown to be reliable and valid across age groups. Therefore, we aimed to develop a psychometrically sound survey measure of IGC. We utilized a three-phase development process, which included a Delphi-style expert panel review of items, focus groups, and validation of the survey via Amazon MTurk. The resulting 18-item survey captures details on and comparisons between both familial and non-familial contact and is appropriate for adults of all ages. We conducted confirmatory factor analyses with the 9-item family and 9-item non-family subscales for 380 young and 256 middle-aged adults reporting on contact with older adults, and 348 older adults reporting on contact with younger adults. The family scale had good model fit across all three groups (χ2 (78) = 245.74, p&lt;.0001; RMSEA = 0.08, 90% CI = [0.07, 0.10]; CFI = .94; TLI = .92). After covarying for 2 pairs of items among the middle-age group, the non-family scale had good model fit across all groups (χ2(75) = 217.21, p&lt;.0001; RMSEA = 0.08, 90% CI = [0.07, 0.09]; CFI = .95; TLI = .93), indicating construct equivalence across age groups. The new IGC measure can be used in all adult age groups, making it useful for scientific projects as well as program evaluations. Funded by the RRF Foundation on Aging
Intergenerational Strain and Subjective Well-being: The Role of Leisure Activity Engagement
Authors: Collins Amanda , Stokes Jeffrey , Dugan Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Family strain is associated with higher numbers of depressive symptoms and lower levels of life satisfaction. Leisure activities are observed to buffer the negative effects of family strain among younger adults, however, this phenomenon is understudied among older adults. This study examines the relationship between intergenerational strain and depressive symptoms and life satisfaction among persons aged 50 and older. The study also examines the moderating effects of gender and leisure activities. The analysis uses the Health and Retirement Study to addresses these questions. The results suggest that intergenerational strain (p=.000) and being female (p.=000), are associated with more depressive symptoms, while engagement in social leisure activities (p.=04) is associated with fewer. Intergenerational strain (p=.000) and being female (p=.03) are associated with lower levels of life satisfaction, while engagement in solitary (p=.000) and social leisure activities (p=.000) are associated with higher levels. Results from moderation models suggest that as intergenerational strain increases, women have lower life satisfaction and more depressive symptoms as compared to men (p=.000). Also, the association between intergenerational strain and life satisfaction is reduced among respondents who engaged in leisure activities (p=.002-social and p=.000-solitary). Further, the positive relationship between intergeneration strain and depressive symptoms is lower for persons who engage in leisure activities (p=.027-solitary and p=.013-social). Finally, women who engage in social and solitary leisure activities have fewer depressive symptoms than men (p=.037). The study findings imply that the subjective well-being of older persons may be improved in terms of intergeneration strain if they engage in leisure activities.
The Costs of Concern: Health Implications of Worries about Aging Parents and Adult Children
Authors: Cichy Kelly , Koumoutzis Athena 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As their parents age and their children enter adulthood, midlife adults need to manage their worries and concerns about both generations. In midlife, worries about aging parents’ health and emerging needs for support co-occur alongside worries about adult children’s relationships and prolonged need for support. Research reveals links between midlife adults’ worry and sleep quality, underscoring how worries compromise health and well-being. In addition to compromising sleep, worries may also contribute to poor health behaviors, such as emotional eating. Emotional eating, where individuals eat in response to stressors and negative emotions, is a significant risk factor for overeating and obesity. Less is known; however, about how midlife adults’ worries contribute to poor health behaviors. To address this gap, the current study considers how midlife adults’ concurrent and previous day’s daily worries about aging parents and adult children are associated with daily well-being and health behaviors. Respondents are midlife adults (40-60 years) from Wave II of the Family Exchanges Study (Fingerman et al., 2009). During 7 days of daily telephone interviews, respondents indicated if they worried about their adult children and their aging parent(s), if they ate food for comfort, and their daily negative mood. Controlling for demographics, on days when midlife adults worried about their adult child(ren), they reported more negative emotions than on days without these worries (p &lt;.05). Respondents engaged in more eating for comfort the day after they reported worrying about their mother (p &lt; .05). Implications for aging families will be discussed.
The Impact of Living Arrangements and Intergenerational Support on the Health Status of Older People in China
Authors: Yang Yazhen , Evandrou Maria , Vlachantoni Athina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Research to-date has examined the impact of intergenerational support in terms of isolated types of support, or at one point in time, failing to provide strong evidence of the complex effect of support on older persons’ wellbeing. Using the Harmonised China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011, 2013 and 2015), this paper investigates the impact of older people’s living arrangements and intergenerational support provision/ receipt on their physical and psychological wellbeing, focusing on rural/ urban differences. The results show that receiving economic support from one’s adult children was a stronger predictor for higher life satisfaction among older rural residents compared to those in urban areas, while grandchild care provision was an important determinant for poor life satisfaction only for older urban residents. Receiving informal care from one’s adult children was associated with a poor (I)ADL functional status and with depressive symptoms among older rural people. Meanwhile, having weekly in-person and distant contact reduced the risk of depression among older people in both rural and urban areas. The paper shows that it is important to improve the level of public economic transfers and public social care towards vulnerable older people in rural areas, and more emphasis should be placed on improving the psychological well-being of urban older residents, such as with the early diagnosis of depression.
Role-reversals in Caregiving: Case Studies of Two Women Living With Late Stage Cancer
Authors: Reel Candice , Williams J Hunter , Brennan Emma , Williams Jonna , Payne Kristen , Allen Rebecca 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Many studies have examined the effects of caregiving burden and many others have focused on the effects of having a caregiver (Haynes-Lewis et al., 2018; Trevino, Prigerson, & Maciejewski, 2018; Semere et al., 2020). However, there is little data on the experience of role reversal, once responsible for caring for others and now being cared for while living with cancer. This project aims to identify ways in which women living with cancer cope with the internal struggles of receiving care. The current project is a case study of two females, one age 67, NHW, with a breast cancer diagnosis and one age 60, Black, with an ovarian cancer diagnosis, who once were caregivers and are now being cared for by family. Two semi-structured interviews were conducted that were approximately 60 minutes each. The study data are from a larger project focused on the self-perception of older women with late-stage cancer. Four independent researchers used thematic analysis to uncover common themes of coping between the two women receiving care. The themes uncovered were acceptance of the loss of autonomy, positive death attitudes, good relationships with their caregivers, and religiosity were identified and coded as coping strategies. The qualitative data showed that the use of these coping strategies helped the women be more accepting to care with less internal conflict. Future research should focus on generalizing these findings on a larger sample and use the data to help cancer patients better accept care from others.
Exhausted and trapped in isolation. Caring for a spouse with dementia during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Hammar Lena , Johansson Marcus , Dahlberg Lena , McKee Kevin J , Summer-Meranius Martina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Even before the Covid-19 pandemic, spouse carers of persons with dementia (PwDs) found their care responsibilities overwhelming and had little time to focus on their own lives. To minimize the risk of being infected with Covid-19, older persons are recommended to self-isolate in their homes, while formal support such as respite care and day care centers are withdrawn. This study involved semi-structured interviews with 24 spouse carers of community-living PwDs, with the aim of describing their situation during the pandemic. The interviews were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results revealed that they commonly declined help because of the perceived risk of their spouse being infected with Covid-19 and thus also possibly causing their death. They described feelings of being trapped in their situation, as they experienced having no choice than take all responsibility for the care of their partner themselves, with cost of being unable to take necessary breaks. This was described as making an already strained situation almost unbearable, which led to conflicts with their partner. However, the spouses also described positive aspects due to strategic changes in health and social care provision to prevent the spread of the virus, such as greater staff continuity in home care services, and patient transportation service. These made the PwD less stressed and influenced their everyday life positively. It could be concluded that the extent burden during the Covid-19 pandemic calls for extensive development of tailored support to better tackle the rapid changes that can occur in a society.
Patient and Caregiver Symptom Trajectory: The Last 2 Months of Cancer Home Hospice
Authors: Reblin Maija , Iacob Eli , Tay Djin , Jones Miranda , Cloyes Kristin , Beck Anna , Mooney Kathi , Ellington Lee 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Patient symptom management is a fundamental goal of cancer home hospice care. However, informal family caregivers, who are primarily responsible for daily patient care, also experience negative symptoms, especially at the end of the patient’s life. While research has attended to patient symptom progression in home hospice, little research focuses on caregiver symptoms. To address this, we examined the frequency of both patient and caregiver symptoms to determine how these symptoms change in the last two months of the patient’s life. Sixty-three cancer hospice caregivers from 4 US states prospectively reported daily patient and caregiver symptoms via an Interactive Voice Response phone system. We analyzed data from up to the last 60 days of the patient’s life. Most caregivers were female (71.4%), Caucasian (88.9%), spouses of the patient (46%); average age was 59 years old (SD=13). Patients were mostly female (54%), with diverse solid tumor cancer diagnoses, and 72 years old (SD=11) on average. Most commonly reported moderate-to-severe patient symptoms were fatigue (67%), pain (47.5%), and loss in appetite (42.3%). Most common moderate-to-severe caregiver symptoms were fatigue (57.8%), trouble sleeping (45.1%), anxiety (52%), and depression (40.4%). Patient and caregiver symptoms were significantly correlated (Pearson r = .51, p&lt;.001). Mixed-effects models found that both patient and caregiver symptoms (collapsed by week) worsened as patient death approached (ps &lt;.01). Researchers and clinicians who are aware of the strong relationship between patient and caregiver symptoms are best able to address caregiver symptoms as part of hospice care, particularly as patient death approaches.
Testing Predictive Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Grandparents under the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jiao Yuqin , Fruhauf Christine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An estimated 69.5 million Americans are reported to be grandparents. Among them, about 10% are raising grandchildren and the number of grandparents who are raising grandchildren (GRG) is increasing. Previous research on GRG suggests that the unexpected caregiving duties may lead to negative physical and mental health including more depressive symptoms when compared to non-caregiving grandparents (NGRG). Additionally, grandparent-grandchild relationships determined by emotional availability (EA) of the grandparent may be impacted. These factors might further be complicated, especially as it relates to the health and well-being of GRG, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the overarching goal of this presentation is to use the biopsychosocial model to present a conceptual framework to test the mental well-being of GRG during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this presentation, we will 1) summarize appropriate literature on GRG; 2) share a COVID-19 health and well-being assessment survey designated for GRG in order to assess their health before and since the COVID pandemic; and 3) propose a conceptual model to investigate and test the protective role of physical activity and GRG’s EA in the grandparent-grandchild relationship for the mental health of GRG. In our model, we argue that GRG experience more COVID-19 pandemic-related stress and more depressive symptoms when compared to NGRG. This proposed conceptual model offers one way to test the predictors of depressive symptoms on GRG. Future testing has the potential to shed new light on the development of appropriate intervention programs tailored to maintain the mental health of GRG.
Use of Actigraphy on sleep outcomes for dementia family caregivers: an integrative review
Authors: Ju Eunae , Pinto Melissa , Lee Jung-Ah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sleep difficulties are one of the foremost health problems that affect family caregivers of dementia patients increasing their risk for a host of mental health problems and hastening dementia patients’ transitions to long-term care facilities. This integrative review aims to describe the objective measurement of sleep quality parameters of family caregivers using actigraphy and how well they are associated with self-reported subjective measures of sleep outcomes and psychological states. A search was performed using PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycInfo including articles from 2011 to 2020. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. Five sleep interventions (2 RCTs and 3 pre-post design) were found, including multi-component interventions (e.g., sleep hygiene, walking, day-time light therapy) that used actigraphy and other self-report measures. Duration of wearing actigraphy (wrist band/watch) varied in studies (3-days to 8-weeks). Most studies reported high accuracy and sensitivity of actigraphy. Sleep parameters measured by actigraphy included ‘total sleep time’, ‘sleep efficiency’, ‘deep/light sleep’, or ‘wake time after sleep onset’. In eight studies, sleep parameters measured by actigraphy were significantly associated with sleep outcomes measured by sleep related self-reported scales (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, all Ps&lt;.05). Eleven studies used actigraphy to examine sleep measures associated with various mental health states (depression, burden, stress, positive/negative affect) and found significant relationships (All Ps &lt;.05). Findings support that use of actigraphy for dementia family caregivers is a valid measure of sleep parameters when compared with their sleep self-reports. Furthermore, it was found that actigraphy sleep measures were significantly associated with psychological outcomes.