bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Budget Security as Factor of Economic Development of the State
Authors: Bondaruk T. H. , Momotiuk L. Ye. , Bondaruk O. S. 
Published: January 2021

A system analysis of the core threats to the budgetary security of the state shows that the current performance of the budgetary system in Ukraine was formed under the pressure of destructive external and internal risks aggravating the budgetary security problem. The article’s objective is to deepen theoretical and methodological foundations for the assessment of core threats to the budgetary security of the state.
It is demonstrated that the occurrence of external and internal threats to the budgetary security is characterized by the following tendencies: high level of GDP redistribution through the budgetary system; the growing figures of the total public debt, the government guaranteed debt and the payments to service and repayment of the public debt in Ukraine; the persisting high deficit of the public budget; high level of centralization of the budgetary funds.
It is substantiated that the execution of budget revenues involves two main dimensions of risk activities, which are the threats related with the proceeding of taxes and other categories of obligatory payments to the budget, and the administrative threats stemming from the existing system of tax administering. The impact of the first group of threats can be minimized by building up a rational budgetary system with the optimal level of fiscal burden. Minimization of the impact from the second group of threats will enable for the effective work of government bodies charged with administering and control.
The factors that cause risks and threats of budget losses resulting from failures in the budget revenues administration system are determined: risks which occurrence will result in the budget revenues never reaching the expected levels due to the inefficiency of forecasting and planning of budget revenues and failures in the routine operation process, first and foremost when mobilizing payments to the budget; risks of the excessive costs with the occurrence of which the costs for guaranteeing the projected figures of budget revenues by revenue category will exceed the economically viable ones; risks of the violation of the law, and risks of budget revenues administering per se.
Yevhen Yevhenovych Slutsky: to the 140th anniversary of his birth
Authors: Halytska E. V 
Published: January 2021

Є. Є. Слуцький (1880–1948 рр.) – видатний український економіст, статистик і математик. Його новаторські дослідження, багата й різнобічна наукова спадщина і нині залишаються актуальними та затребуваними представниками не тільки національної, а й світової статистико-економічної думки.
Fibre Content and Fibre Fortification of Menu Items Served to Sherbrooke Community Centre Residents on Texture Modified Diets
Authors: Ghani Hira , Motowylo Brooke , Olsen Mandy , Hartl Robin , Naidoo Seshni , Cammer Allison 
Published: January 2021

Background: Research has shown regular and texture modified menus in long term care (LTC) homes provide less than the recommended Dietary Reference Intake for dietary fibre. Constipation may result from inadequate fibre intake and be treated with laxatives and enemas, which may have implications for quality of life. Increasing the amount of fibre provided from texture modified diets may decrease use of such treatments and improve daily fibre intake.
Objective: This study was part of a health improvement initiative for residents at Sherbrooke Community Centre (SCC). The goal of this study was to measure the baseline amount of fibre provided to residents on texture modified diets and to increase fibre provision by 5-10 grams per day.
Methods: This study involved: 1) determining the fibre content of the texture modified menu for residents on pureed and minced diets; 2) identifying fibres and foods suitable for a fibre fortification trial; 3) conducting a fibre fortification trial and identifying fibre-food combinations for a taste test; and 4) conducting a taste test with SCC staff to assess acceptability of fibre fortified menu items. Thirty SCC staff were included.
Results: The average daily fibre provided was 13.4 grams. The fibre fortified foods best accepted by participants were mashed potatoes with red lentils, pudding with pea hull fibre, and gravy with pea hull fibre.
Implications: We recommended SCC incorporate the best accepted fibre fortified menu items into their regular and texture modified menus, allowing the daily average amount of fibre to increase by 5.39 grams per day.
Food Security and Renewable Energy : Insights
Authors: Asamoah Eric Owusu 
Published: January 2021

<p>The world’s increasing population together with the amount of calories needed to meet dietary requirements has intensified food security concerns. As a result, the world’s energy demand has correspondingly risen mainly due to the preference for sophisticated food production-(usually energy–demanding), as well as mechanization of the food supply chain. Renewable energy has been pivotal in meeting the above demands by means of energy for food processing, storage and transport.</p>
<p>The surge in food prices has gained widespread consideration. Many factors such as cost of farm inputs, climatic patterns and land tenure systems account for the food price increases observed in recent decades. There is also common knowledge that renewable energy particularly –bioenergy as being a cause of the above. The quest for a safer energy against conventional fossil fuels has made first generation biofuels the go-to option resulting in competition for resources that would have otherwise been used to produce food or consumed as food. Hence the food price increments.</p>
<p>Bioenergy production may have a variable effect on food prices. Whereas the cultivation of first generation bioenergy crops can increase prices, it could also be the catalyst to induce investment in agriculture to increase crop yields that would ultimately stabilize prices. In the situation where resources for staple crops are shifted to bioenergy feedstock, staple food prices would soar due to shortages. This suggests many people are likely to remain in perpetual hunger unless crops yields are enough to meet the dimensions of food security –availability, access, utilization and stability.</p>
<p>Food security and bioenergy have positive synergies as stated earlier. For example, while higher prices may boost local economies, bioenergy could strengthen food availability, access, utilization and stability to ensure food security. Additionally, bioenergy could mitigate energy deficiencies especially in the countryside. Proper management would be essential to ensure bioenergy production does not occur at the detriment of local livelihoods –notably food production and its consumption.</p>
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar dan Aktivitas Siswa pada Materi Perkembangan Model Atom Melalui Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning (DL)
Authors: Murhamatillah  
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sejauh mana model pembelajaran Discovery Learning (DL)”.dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan aktivitas siswa. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X.IPA-2 semester 1 tahun Tahun 2020 yang berjumlah 25 siswa, terdiri dari 13 siswa putra dan 12 siswa putri. Penelitian ini berlangsung dalam 2 siklus yang masing-masing siklus terdiri atas tahap perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini meliputi: hasil belajar siswa yang diambil dari pemberian soal tes pada akhir siklus, kemampuan guru dalam pembelajaran yang diambil dari lembar observasi, aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran yang diambil dari lembar observasi, dan data tentang refleksi siswa terhadap pembelajaran yang diambil dari angket pada setiap akhir pertemuan. Indikator keberhasilan pada penelitian ini adalah: (1) apabila≥ 70% dari jumlah siswa berkategori tuntas dengan criteria tuntas belajaran apabila nilai hasil evaluasi pada siklus I,II, ≥ 65, (2) apabila aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran≥ 70% yang diukur dengan melihat lembar observasi siswa. Hasil penelitian pada siklus I menunjukkan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa sebesar 58,75 dan persentase ketuntasan belajar sebesar 60,71%. Aktivitas siswa 63,64%, persentase kemampuan guru 73,44 %. Sedangkan hasil penelitian pada siklusII rata-rata hasil belajar siswa sebesar 66,25 dan persentase ketuntasan belajar sebesar71,43%. Aktivitassiswa 75,00%, dan persentase kemampuan guru sebesar 84,37%. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning (DL) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar kimia dan aktivitas siswa kelas X IPA-2 semester 1 tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 pada materi perkembangan model atom.
O levantamento sócio antropológico como ferramenta de planejamento escolar: Uma experiência do PIBID Ciências da Natureza
Authors: Dinardi Ailton Jesus , Carvalho Andriélli Vilanova de , Cunha Fernando Icaro Jorge 
Published: January 2021

A formação dos futuros professores vem sendo alicerçada por projetos e vivências que promovem a experimentação do espaço escolar, como o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). O presente artigo traz os resultados de uma investigação socioantropológica realizada pelos Licenciandos em Ciências da Natureza participantes do PIBID. Tendo como objetivo identificar as contribuições da inserção dos pibidianos no ambiente escolar bem como diagnosticar a utilização do levantamento socioantropológico como uma ferramenta de planejamento escolar a partir da análise dos dados qualitativos obtidos pelo levantamento sócio antropológico realizado em uma escola pública do município de Uruguaiana,RS. Para o levantamento dos dados utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado com questões de cunho escolar, familiar e de pertencimento. Os resultados permitem inferir que o estudo socioantropológico fornece informações relevantes para o planejamento escolar e que as atividades propostas pelo PIBID proporcionam a reflexão e a experimentação da docência, contribui na formação dos agentes envolvidos e configura-se como uma estratégia eficaz para promover a aprendizagem dos futuros professores.
Modeling Uremic Vasculopathy With Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells as a Drug Screening System
Authors: Jang Hye Ryoun , Cho Hyung Joon , Zhou Yang , Shao Ning-Yi , Lee Kyungho , Le Hoai Huong Thi , Jeon Junseok , Lee Jung Eun , Huh Wooseong , Ong Sang-Ging , Lee Won Hee , Kim Yoon-Goo 
Published: January 2021

Background: Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Uremic vasculopathy plays a crucial role in facilitating the progression of cardiovascular complications in advanced CKD. However, the improvement of conventional research methods could provide further insights into CKD.Objectives: In this study, we aimed to develop a novel model of uremic vasculopathy as a potential drug screening system.Methods and Results: The effects of uremic serum and different combinations of uremic toxins on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) of a normal control and a CKD patient were investigated using several functional assays. We found that a mixture of uremic toxins composed of high urea, creatinine, uric acid, and indoxyl sulfate exerted deleterious effects on normal control iPSC-ECs that were comparable to uremic serum by increasing reactive oxygen species and apoptosis, as well as suppression of tube formation. Additional characterization revealed a potential involvement of dysregulated TGF-β signaling as treatment with either losartan or TGF-β inhibitors led to the attenuation of adverse effects induced by uremic toxins. Importantly, impaired wound healing potential seen in CKD patient-specific iPSC-ECs was rescued by treatment with losartan and TGF-β inhibitors.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that simplified uremic toxin mixtures can simulate the uremic micromilieu reproducibly and CKD patient-specific iPSC-ECs can potentially recapitulate susceptibility to uremic vasculopathy. This novel model of uremic vasculopathy may provide a new research tool as a drug screening system.
A Hetero-Multimeric Chitinase-Containing Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium gallinaceum Ookinete-Secreted Protein Complex Involved in Mosquito Midgut Invasion
Authors: Patra Kailash P. , Kaur Hargobinder , Kolli Surendra Kumar , Wozniak Jacob M. , Prieto Judith Helena , Yates John R. , Gonzalez David J. , Janse Chris J. , Vinetz Joseph M. 
Published: January 2021

Malaria parasites are transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. During its life cycle in the mosquito vector the Plasmodium ookinete escapes the proteolytic milieu of the post-blood meal midgut by traversing the midgut wall. This process requires penetration of the chitin-containing peritrophic matrix lining the midgut epithelium, which depends in part on ookinete-secreted chitinases. Plasmodium falciparum ookinetes have one chitinase (PfCHT1), whereas ookinetes of the avian-infecting parasite, P. gallinaceum, have two, a long and a short form, PgCHT1 and PgCHT2, respectively. Published data indicates that PgCHT2 forms a high molecular weight (HMW) reduction-sensitive complex; and one binding partner is the ookinete-produced von Willebrand A-domain-containing protein, WARP. Size exclusion chromatography data reported here show that P. gallinaceum PgCHT2 and its ortholog, P. falciparum PfCHT1 are covalently-linked components of a HMW chitinase-containing complex (&gt; 1,300 kDa). Mass spectrometry of ookinete-secreted proteins isolated using a new chitin bead pull-down method identified chitinase-associated proteins in P. falciparum and P. gallinaceum ookinete-conditioned culture media. Mass spectrometry of this complex showed the presence of several micronemal proteins including von Willebrand factor A domain-related protein (WARP), ookinete surface enolase, and secreted ookinete adhesive protein (SOAP). To test the hypothesis that ookinete-produced PfCHT1 can form a high molecular homo-multimer or, alternatively, interacts with P. berghei ookinete-produced proteins to produce an HMW hetero-multimer, we created chimeric P. berghei parasites expressing PfCHT1 to replace PbCHT1, enabling the production of large numbers of PfCHT1-expressing ookinetes. We show that chimeric P. berghei ookinetes express monomeric PfCHT1, but a HMW complex containing PfCHT1 is not present. A better understanding of the chitinase-containing HMW complex may enhance development of next-generation vaccines or drugs that target malaria transmission stages.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients With Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Li Huan , Zeng Renli , Liao Yunfei , Fu Mengfei , Zhang Huan , Wang Linfang , Li Yuming 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundLeft ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction has been demonstrated to be an independent predictor of the future heart failure. Heart failure is one of the severe complications caused by overt hyperthyroidism. However, the effects of overt hyperthyroidism on diastolic dysfunction are conflicting, and little is known about the prevalence and risk factors of the diastolic dysfunction in patients with overt hyperthyroidism.MethodsA total of 388 patients with overt hyperthyroidism were included and compared with 388 age- and gender- matched euthyroid control subjects. LV diastolic function was evaluated by traditional and tissue-Doppler echocardiography. Routine clinical medical data and echocardiographic parameters were recorded for analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of LV diastolic dysfunction was 35.1% among hyperthyroid patients and significantly higher than control subjects whose prevalence was 25.5% (P = 0.003), and it increased with age and body mass index (BMI) in patients with overt hyperthyroidism. The possible risk factors for LV diastolic dysfunction, such as hypertension, diabetes, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and increased level of thyroid hormones weren’t associated with LV diastolic dysfunction. However, overweight or obese were significantly associated with LV diastolic dysfunction (OR = 3.024, 95% CI = 1.517–6.027, P = 0.002) compared with normal BMI. When compared with age &lt;40 years old group, 40-50 years old group, 50-60 years old group and age ≥60 years old group were significantly associated with LV diastolic dysfunction, with ORs of 2.976 (95% CI = 1.744–5.019), 12.424 (95% CI = 4.934–31.283), 24.966 (95% CI = 5.975–104.321), respectively.ConclusionLV diastolic dysfunction was very common, in particular, in older and overweight or obese patients with overt hyperthyroidism. Additionally, age and BMI were independent risk factors for LV diastolic dysfunction, while the level of thyroid hormones was not. Therefore, besides the LV systolic function, we also need focus on the diastolic function in patients with overt hyperthyroidism in clinical work, especially the older and overweight or obese patients.
Role of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 in the Pathogenesis of Graves’ Orbitopathy in Orbital Fibroblasts
Authors: Lee Ga Eun , Kim Jinjoo , Lee Jihei Sara , Ko JaeSang , Lee Eun Jig , Yoon Jin Sook 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. We sought to investigate the role of PCSK9 in the pathogenesis of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) and whether it may be a legitimate target for treatment.MethodsThe PCSK9 was compared between GO (n=11) and normal subjects (n=7) in orbital tissue explants using quantitative real-time PCR, and in cultured interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-treated fibroblasts using western blot. Western blot was used to identify the effects of PCSK9 inhibition on IL-1β-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production and signaling molecules expression as well as levels of adipogenic markers and oxidative stress-related proteins. Adipogenic differentiation was identified using Oil Red O staining. The plasma PCSK9 concentrations were compared between patients with GO (n=44) and healthy subjects (n=26) by ELISA.ResultsThe PCSK9 transcript level was higher in GO tissues. The depletion of PCSK9 blunted IL-1β-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), IL-6, IL-8, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in GO and non-GO fibroblasts. The levels of activated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and phosphorylated forms of Akt and p38 were diminished when PCSK9 was suppressed in GO fibroblasts. Decreases in lipid droplets and attenuated levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), and leptin as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), thioredoxin (Trx), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were noted when PCSK9 was suppressed during adipocyte differentiation. The plasma PCSK9 level was significantly higher in GO patients and correlated with level of thyrotropin binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) and the clinical activity score (CAS).ConclusionsPCSK9 plays a significant role in GO. The PCSK9 inhibition attenuated the pro-inflammatory cytokines production, oxidative stress, and fibroblast differentiation into adipocytes. PCSK9 may serve as a therapeutic target and biomarker for GO.
Case Report: Prenatal Diagnosis of a Fetus With Harlequin Ichthyosis Identifies Novel Compound Heterozygous Variants: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Jiao , Zhang Xingyu , Wang Weilan , Lan Xiaofang , Dong Minyue , Yan Kai , Lei Yongliang , Chen Penglong , Yang Mufeng , Shan Qunda , Jin Chunlei 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundHarlequin ichthyosis (HI) is the most severe form of the keratinizing disorders, and it is characterized by whole-body hard stratum corneum. ABCA12 has been identified as the major disease-causing gene of HI.MethodsA case of HI was prenatally diagnosed by ultrasonography and genetic tests. The fetus had been found with dentofacial deformity and profound thickening of the palm and plantar soft tissues. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and whole exome sequencing (WES) were then performed on the amniotic fluid to identify germline pathogenic variants for the fetus. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing.ResultsCompound heterozygous frameshift variants (p.Q719QfsX21; p.F2286LfsX6) of ABCA12 were identified for the fetus, suggesting the former variants were maternally inherited and the latter paternally inherited. The fetus was terminated.ConclusionA prenatal molecular diagnosis is an important approach for the prevention of HI. In the study, we provided a successful case of genetic counseling for a family with an HI baby.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Capsid Protein VP1 Antagonizes TPL2-Mediated Activation of the IRF3/IFN-β Signaling Pathway to Facilitate the Virus Replication
Authors: Hao Junhong , Shen Chaochao , Wei Nannan , Yan Minghao , Zhang Xuegang , Xu Guowei , Zhang Dajun , Hou Jing , Cao Weijun , Jin Ye , Zhang Keshan , Zheng Haixue , Liu Xiangtao 
Published: January 2021

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a severe, highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. In order to establish an infection, the FMD virus (FMDV) needs to counteract host antiviral responses. Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), a mitogen-activated protein kinase, can regulate innate and adaptive immunity; however, its exact mechanisms underlying TPL2-mediated regulation of the pathogenesis of FMDV infection remain unknown. In this study, we confirmed that TPL2 could inhibit FMDV replication in vitro and in vivo. The virus replication increased in Tpl2-deficient suckling mice in association with reduced expression of interferon-stimulated genes interferon-α (IFN-α) and myxovirus resistance (MX2) and significantly reduced expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and IRF7, while the phosphorylation of IRF3 was not detected. Moreover, the interactions between TPL2 and VP1 were also confirmed. The overexpression of TPL2 promoted IRF3-mediated dose-dependent activation of the IFN-β signaling pathway in association with interactions between IRF3 and TPL2. VP1 also inhibited phosphorylation of TPL2 at Thr290, while Thr290 resulted as the key functional site associated with the TPL2-mediated antiviral response. Taken together, this study indicated that FMDV capsid protein VP1 antagonizes TPL2-mediated activation of the IRF3/IFN-β signaling pathway for immune escape and facilitated virus replication.
Experimental Investigation on Failure Behaviors of G50 Ultra-High Strength Steel Targets Struck by Tungsten Alloy Spherical Fragments at High Velocity
Authors: Peng Hu , Shouqian Wang , Xiaowei Feng , Juncheng Li , Zhengcao Lu , Zhuoran Li , Xianfeng Zhang 
Published: January 2021

An experimental investigation is presented into the failure behaviors of the G50 ultra-high strength steel targets struck by tungsten alloy spherical fragments at high velocity. The depth of penetration and the crater volume of G50 steel targets at velocities ranging from 923 to 1,807 m/s are obtained by ballistic gun experiments. A conic-like crater is observed in the G50 steel target after impact by a tungsten alloy spherical fragment, which is different from that in the experiments of low strength steel targets. It is believed that the eroding and fragmentation of the tungsten fragment during the penetration process give rise to this phenomenon. In addition, several tensile cracks are found both at the crater surface and the crater bottom, which are considered to be caused by tensile stress induced by the superposition of rarefaction waves at some local areas of the impacted interface. Numerical simulations of the penetration of tungsten alloy fragments into G50 steel targets are performed to predict failure features of the targets. It is shown that the numerical results are in good agreement with available experimental results.