bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Challenge of Rich Vocabulary Instruction for Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: McGregor Karla K. , Van Horne Amanda Owen , Curran Maura , Cook Susan Wagner , Cole Renee 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The aims of the study were to explore responses of children with developmental language disorder (DLD) to rich vocabulary instruction and to identify potential factors that contribute to outcomes.

Method
Children with DLD participated in a language intervention embedded within a science camp. Using parent and clinician reports, standardized tests, probes, notes, and video, we derived descriptions of seven of the campers who received a vocabulary intervention that incorporated principles of rich instruction. We present them here as a case series.

Results
Five cases responded to the intervention with modest gains in Tier 2 science vocabulary and science knowledge. One case demonstrated no response, and another was unable to complete the intervention. The latter two cases presented with triple risks: DLD, executive function deficits, and stressors associated with poverty. In comparison, the best responder also lived in poverty and had DLD, but he had intact executive function, strengths in extant vocabulary, stronger knowledge of science, better engagement in the science and language intervention activities, and was older. Other factors that seemed to contribute to outcomes included the complexity of the word forms and dosage.

Conclusions
Translating research on rich instruction to clinical practice is challenging. This case series motivated hypotheses about the nature of the challenge and what to do about it, the primary one being that the modest success of rich vocabulary instruction for children with DLD is not a limitation of the approach itself but rather a reflection of the difficulty of delivering the intervention while tailoring the targets, approach, and dosage to the needs of individual children with DLD.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13667699
Eliminating rare earth permanent magnets on low‐speed high‐torque machines: A performance and cost comparison of synchronous reluctance machines, ferrite permanent magnet‐synchronous reluctance machines and permanent magnet synchronous machines for a direct‐drive elevator system
Authors: Artetxe Gurutz , Caballero Damian , Prieto Borja , Martinez‐Iturralde Miguel , Elosegui Ibon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the last few years, the reduction of the dependency on rare‐earth magnets has been one of the main concerns for electrical machine manufacturers. Synchronous reluctance machines (SynRMs) and ferrite permanent magnet‐assisted synchronous reluctance machines (PMa‐SynRMs) are emerging as alternatives to permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) in several applications. In low‐speed high‐torque applications, PMSMs with large amounts of rare‐earth magnets are commonly employed. Thus, it is of particular interest to replace PMSMs by SynRMs or PMa‐SynRMs. This article studies the feasibility of using SynRMs and ferrite PMa‐SynRMs for a direct‐drive elevator system. The challenge lies in obtaining performance characteristics comparable to those of PMSMs, but without resorting to the use of rare‐earth permanent magnets. The main criteria for designing SynRMs and PMa‐SynRMs for low‐speed high‐torque applications are presented. Afterwards, a SynRM and a ferrite PMa‐SynRM are designed for 160 rpm 200 Nm rated conditions, and a performance and cost comparison between these machines and a commercial PMSM is conducted.
An efficient local stereo matching method based on an adaptive exponentially weighted moving average filter in SLIC space
Authors: Yang Shan , Lei Xinyue , Liu Zhenfeng , Sui Guorong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRapidly obtaining accurate dense disparity maps has been the focus of stereo matching research. At present, approaches that achieve superior disparity maps require a large amount of computation, which is not suitable for practical applications. To address this issue, this paper proposes an efficient local matching method based on an adaptive exponentially weighted moving average filter and simple linear iterative clustering segmentation algorithm. First, an effective matching cost is introduced to adaptively integrate absolute intensity difference with Census transform, which is robust against texture free and luminance variate. Following this, during the cost aggregation, the exponentially weighted moving average filter and the SLIC segmentation are combined to handle the problems of computing consumption and adaptive expansion of the cost aggregation window. Finally, the dense disparity map is obtained by a winner‐takes‐all approach and disparity refinement. To demonstrate its efficiency and validity, the method is quantitatively tested and compared to existing approaches on the Middlebury benchmark. The results show that it has a non‐occlusion accuracy of 90.66% and an average runtime of 7.01 s on the 2014 Middlebury dataset. Compared with existing competitive methods, the proposed method achieves superior matching results with a lower time cost.
Atypical Presentation of Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency with Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathy
Authors: Marchese Francesca , Faedo Elena , Vari Maria Stella , Bergonzini Patrizia , Iacomino Michele , Guerra Azzurra , Franceschetti Laura , Baroni Alessandra , Scudieri Paolo , Minetti Carlo , Striano Pasquale 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting from disease-causing pathogenic variants of the dopa decarboxylase (DDC) gene. The neurological features of AADC deficiency include early-onset hypotonia, oculogyric crises, ptosis, dystonia, hypokinesia, impaired development, and autonomic dysfunction. In this article, we reported a patient with genetically confirmed AADC deficiency presenting with developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). Our patient was a boy with severe intractable epileptic spasms and DEE. The patient was evaluated for cognitive and neurologic impairment. Exome sequencing revealed a homozygous mutation (NM_000790.4:c.121C > A; p.Leu41Met) in the DDC gene. This case expands the clinical spectrum of AADC deficiency and strengthens the association between dopa decarboxylase deficiency and epilepsy. Additional studies are warranted to clarify the mechanisms linking dopa decarboxylase dysfunction to DEE.
A Study of Clearance of Infection in HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis after Amphotericin-Based Induction and Fluconazole-Based Consolidation Therapy
Authors: Devi Sorokhaibam Bhagyabati , Navi Raghavendra Ashok , Suraj Thangjam , Reema Ningthoukhongjam , Singh Thangjam Gautam , Kuotsu Medo M. , Konyak Nyamnyei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroduction India has third largest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) population in the world. Average HIV prevalence was 0.22% (range, 0.16–0.30%) in 2017, and Manipur is one of the five states with the highest prevalence of HIV. Cryptococcal meningitis being one of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illnesses is the second most common cause of opportunistic neuro-infection and usually occurs in advanced HIV disease when the cluster of differentiation 4 glycoprotein (CD4+) count is usually less than 100 cells/µL. Treatment includes amphotericin-B induction therapy for 2 weeks followed by fluconazole consolidation therapy for 8 weeks as per National AIDS Control Organisation guidelines. There is not much data on how much infection is cleared off after induction and consolidation treatment. So, this study was conducted to know the clearance of Cryptococci in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after induction and consolidation treatment in people living with HIV (PLHIV)-associated cryptococcal meningitis.Objective This work aimed to study the persistence of cryptococcal meningitis after amphotericin-based 2 weeks of induction therapy and 8 weeks of consolidation therapy with fluconazole and to evaluate the association between CD4 count and clearance rate of cryptococcal infection.Materials and Methods The study was conducted in Department of Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, from 2016 to 2018. Fifty-one patients above 18 years of age diagnosed as cryptococcal meningitis with HIV were included and treated with amphotericin for 2 weeks and fluconazole for 10 weeks. CSF analysis was done at 2nd and 10th weeks to study the clearance of infection.Results At 2nd week of induction therapy, out of 51 patients, 28 (54.9%) got cleared of infection, 18 (35.3%) had persistent infection, and 5 (9.2%) patients had either died or discontinued treatment. At 10th week of consolidation therapy, 36 (70.5%) patients got cleared of cryptococcal infection, 2 (4%) patients were having persistent infection, and 5 (9.8%) patients died, while 8 (15.7%) patients were lost in follow-up. However, after excluding mortality and lost in follow-up cases, from analysis in final outcome, 94% (34 out of 36) patients showed response to this regimen.Conclusion The present study showed that cryptococcal meningitis in PLHIV responded to amphotericin-based induction therapy with 60% clearance of infection followed by fluconazole-based consolidation therapy with 94% of clearance of infection. However, there is still need for good antifungal regimen that could clear infection in induction phase with less side effects.
Room temperature laser power standard using a microfabricated, electrical substitution bolometer
Authors: Stephens M. , Yung C. S. , Tomlin N. A. , Vaskuri A. , Ryger I. , Spidell M. , White M. G. , Jenkins T. , Landry J. , Sereke T. , Lehman J. H. 
Published: February 2021

The design and performance of a room temperature electrical substitution radiometer for use as an absolute standard for measuring continuous-wave laser power over a wide range of wavelengths, beam diameters, and powers are described. The standard achieves an accuracy of 0.46% (k = 2) for powers from 10 mW to 100 mW and 0.83% (k = 2) for powers from 1 mW to 10 mW and can accommodate laser beam diameters (1/e2) up to 11 mm and wavelengths from 300 nm to 2 μm. At low power levels, the uncertainty is dominated by sensitivity to fluctuations in the thermal environment. The core of the instrument is a planar, silicon microfabricated bolometer with vertically aligned carbon nanotube absorbers, commercial surface mount thermistors, and an integrated heater. Where possible, commercial electronics and components were used. The performance was validated by comparing it to a National Institute of Standards and Technology primary standard through a transfer standard silicon trap detector and by comparing it to the legacy “C-series” standards in operation at the U.S. Air Force Metrology and Calibration Division (AFMETCAL).
Finitely generated subgroups of branch groups and subdirect products of just infinite groups
Authors: Grigorchuk R. I. , Leemann P.-H. , Nagnibeda T. V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to describe the structure of finitely generated subgroups of a family of branch groups containing the first Grigorchuk group and the Gupta–Sidki

-group. We then use this to show that all the groups in this family are subgroup separable (LERF).
These results are obtained as a corollary of a more general structural statement on subdirect products of just infinite groups.
Language and cultural cognition
Authors: Abdel-Raheem Ahmed , Goubaa Mouna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze a large-scale corpus of Arab cartoons to measure the correspondence between grammatical gender in Arabic and personified gender in images. The results show that the effect is very strong for males (a near-perfect relationship between the two, grammatical and visual depiction), but the reverse is the case for females (the grammatical description is almost the opposite in perceived meaning of the graphical depiction). It can be a substantive cartoon effect. That is, there is more ambiguity in images depicting females due to some implicit cultural effect (i.e., males/gendered maleness dominates even in the text in ‘male-centric’ cultures). We look at the implications of this androcentric behavior for understanding the complex set of relationships linking language, thought, and culture. Such research will aid both gender studies and cognition scholarship based on multimodal stimuli.
Regularisation, optimisation, subregularity
Authors: Valkonen T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Regularisation theory in Banach spaces, and non-norm-squared regularisation even in finite dimensions, generally relies upon Bregman divergences to replace norm convergence. This is comparable to the extension of first-order optimisation methods to Banach spaces. Bregman divergences can, however, be somewhat suboptimal in terms of descriptiveness. Using the concept of (strong) metric subregularity, previously used to prove the fast local convergence of optimisation methods, we show norm convergence in Banach spaces and for non-norm-squared regularisation. For problems such as total variation regularised image reconstruction, the metric subregularity reduces to a geometric condition on the ground truth: flat areas in the ground truth have to compensate for the fidelity term not having second-order growth within the kernel of the forward operator. Our approach to proving such regularisation results is based on optimisation formulations of inverse problems. As a side result of the regularisation theory that we develop, we provide regularisation complexity results for optimisation methods: how many steps N

δ
of the algorithm do we have to take for the approximate solutions to converge as the corruption level δ ↘ 0?
A compact antipodal Vivaldi antenna with metamaterial half-lens for beam control
Authors: Cheng Houyuan , Yang Dong , Hua Lina , Wang Youcheng , Yang Helin , Wu Jiong , Li Yujun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A compact antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) with metamaterial half-lens (MHL) for beam control is proposed. The proposed AVA has three different beam forms in the operating frequency band, including end beam from 3 GHz to 9 GHz, beam splitting at 12.2 GHz, and

30
∘

beam deflection at 13 GHz. Furthermore, it can perform

18
∘

beam scanning by adjusting operating frequency from 12.7 GHz to 13.5 GHz. The simulation indicates that the proposed AVA has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 143.6% (2.3–14.0 GHz) and a −3 dB gain bandwidth of 100% (4.5–13.5 GHz), which is consistent with the experimental results. Besides, the gain of the proposed AVA has an improvement of about 2 dB in the working band. As a new method to control the beam, the loading of MHL realizes the design of a small size and multi-function antenna, which can be widely used in wireless communication systems.
Stochastic resonance in synapse-mimicking ferroelectric organic field-effect transistor
Authors: Matsuoka Ayumi , Suzuki Yoshiharu , Kanki Teruo , Asakawa Naoki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ferroelectric organic field-effect transistors (FE-OFETs) are fabricated to implement the functions of a neural synapse, including one-directional signal transmission and synaptic plasticity. Stochastic resonance (SR) experiments are conducted with FE-OFETs that use regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) as the semiconductor layer and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) as the insulator layer. The input–output correlation is observed to increase as the external noise intensity rises, with a cutoff frequency of 1 Hz, demonstrating the experimental occurrence of SR in the fabricated FE-OFETs. Furthermore, vibrational resonance experiments are performed to clarify the frequency-dependence of the SR behavior. The peak input–output correlation shifts toward higher amplitudes of a secondary sine wave that is applied instead of external noise as the frequency of the input signal rises from

f

signal

= 0.5–1 Hz. The FE-OFETs exhibit more adaptive behavior than paraelectric OFETs, with a threshold voltage that changes dynamically according to the frequency characteristics of the input signal and/or external noise. Furthermore,the immediate response to abrupt environmental changes via the SR phenomenon and flexible behavior based on past experience via hysteresis effects can be implemented by a single FE-OFET element.
Magnetic properties of bulk nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite obtained by high-pressure field assisted sintering
Authors: Baldini Angelica , Petrecca Michele , Sangregorio Claudio , Anselmi-Tamburini Umberto 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present here an investigation aimed at exploring the role of the microstructure on the magnetic properties of nanostructured cobalt ferrite. Bulk, almost fully dense, nanograined ferrites have been obtained starting from nanopowders prepared by a simple, inexpensive, water-based, modified Pechini method. This synthesis yielded largely aggregated, pure single-phase cobalt ferrite nanoparticles of ca. 35 nm average size, which have been then densified by high-pressure field-assisted sintering. Different sintering conditions (pressure up to 650 MPa and temperature up to 800 °C) and procedures have been used on both as-prepared and milled nanopowders in order to obtain materials with a spectrum of complex microstructures. In all cases, the sintering process did not produce any change in the phase composition. At the same time, using a high uniaxial pressure in combination with relatively low sintering temperatures and times, allowed for obtaining a high degree of densification while preserving the nanometric size of the crystallites. Moreover, we observed that in the densified materials the best magnetic properties are not necessarily associated with a more uniform microstructure, but rather arise from a delicate balance between moderate aggregation, grain size and high density.
First-principles study of electronic structures and elasticity of Al2Fe3Si3
Authors: Hou Zhufeng , Takagiwa Yoshiki , Shinohara Yoshikazu , Xu Yibin , Tsuda Koji 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Al2Fe3Si3 intermetallic compound shows promising application in low-cost and non-toxic thermoelectric device because of its relatively high power factor of ∼700 μW m−1 K−2 at 400 K. Herein we performed the first-principles calculations with the projector augmented-wave (PAW) method to study the formation energies, elastic constants, electronic structures, and electronic transport properties of Al2Fe3Si3. We discussed the thermodynamical stability of Al2Fe3Si3 against other ternary crystalline compounds in Al–Fe–Si phase. The band gap of Al2Fe3Si3 was particularly examined using the semilocal and hybrid functionals and the on-site Hubbard correction, which were also applied to β-FeSi2 to calibrate the prediction reliability of our employed computational methods. Our calculations show that Al2Fe3Si3 is a narrow-gap semiconductor. The semilocal functional within generalized gradient approximation (GGA) shows an exceptional agreement between the predicted band gap of Al2Fe3Si3 and the available experiment data, which is in contrast to the typical trend and rationally understood through a comprehensive comparison. We found that both HSE06 and PBE0 hybrid functionals with a standard setup overestimated the band gaps of Al2Fe3Si3 and β-FeSi2 too much. The underlying reasons may be ascribed to a large electronic screening, which arises from the unique characteristics of Fe 3d states appearing in both sides of band gaps of Al2Fe3Si3 and β-FeSi2, and to a reduced delocalization error thanks to the covalent Fe–Si and Si–Si bonding nature. The chemical bonding and elasticity of Al2Fe3Si3 were compared with those of β-FeSi2 and FeAl2. In Al2Fe3Si3 the Fe–Al bonding is more ionic and the Fe–Si bonding is more covalent. The elastic moduli of Al2Fe3Si3 are comparable to those of β-FeSi2 and larger than those of FeAl2. Our calculation results indicate that the mechanical strength of Al2Fe3Si3 could be strong enough for the practical application in thermoelectric device.
The3He nuclear magnetic relaxation in nematically ordered Al2O3 aerogels: effects of 4He and nitrogen pre-plating
Authors: Stanislavovas A , Kuzmin V , Safiullin K , Alakshin E , Klochkov A , Kutuzov M , Tagirov M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The results of 3He gas pulsed NMR spin–lattice relaxation study in high-porosity (84.9%–97.9%) nematically ordered Al2O3 aerogels at 1.5 and 4.2 K are presented. The linear dependence of T
1 on gas pressure is observed in aerogels that are pre-plated by helium-4. Nitrogen pre-plating prior to helium-4 pre-plating weakly decreases the 3He gas spin–lattice relaxation rate. A few possible mechanisms plausibly involved in 3He nuclear magnetic relaxation in aerogels are considered. The suggested nuclear spin–lattice relaxation model due to some magnetically ‘dirty’ aerogel fibers allows to estimate the effective mean free path of 3He atoms in aerogel.
Transition to thermal equilibrium in a crystal subjected to instantaneous deformation
Authors: Krivtsov A M , Murachev A S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An adiabatic transition between two equilibrium states corresponding to different stiffnesses in an infinite chain of particles is studied. Initially, the particles have random displacements and random velocities corresponding to uniform initial temperature distributions. An instantaneous change in the parameters of the chain initiates a transitional process. Analytical expressions for the chain temperature as a function of time are obtained from statistical analysis of the dynamic equations. It is shown that the transition process is oscillatory and that the temperature converges non-monotonically to a new equilibrium state, in accordance with what is usually unexpected for thermal processes. The analytical results are supplemented by numerical simulations.
A novel robot-assisted electrical impedance scanning system for subsurface object detection
Authors: Cheng Zhuoqi , Savarimuthu Thiusius Rajeeth 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Submerged elements, such as cracks inside concrete material or hidden pathological tissue, can potentially threaten safety and health. Thus, the detection of abnormal objects internally is of importance and frequently required. In this study, we propose a novel electrical impedance measurement method with the assistance of a robotic system. Specifically, the proposed measurement method is able to perform subsurface object detection effectively, noninvasively, flexibly and autonomously. The measurement system is developed based on a tripolar impedance sensing configuration. Specifically, a current-source electrode and a voltage-measurement electrode are attached to different robots, and directed to a series of preset positions on the object’s surface. By injecting current into the object and measuring voltages around the current source, the apparent resistivity of the internal structure of the object can be calculated using the proposed algorithm. The related circuit hardware and autonomous control strategy are developed. Subsequently, the proposed system is evaluated through a series of water tank experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can detect a subsurface heterogeneous object effectively and efficiently. In addition, the reconstructed results allow us to discriminate the location of the subsurface object with about 90% accuracy.