bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in urban and rural areas of Brazil, 2000–2015
Authors: Galan Deise I. , Roess Amira A. , Pereira Simone Valéria Costa , Schneider Maria Cristina 
Published: March 2021

Background
Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world and Brazil has the highest number of cases in Latin America. Transmission occurs mainly through exposure to water and soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals. The goals of this study are to describe the geographic distribution, demographic characteristics and exposure factors of urban and rural cases of leptospirosis, and identify spatial clusters in urban and rural areas of Brazil.

Methods/results
A retrospective epidemiological study was carried out using 16 years (2000–2015) of surveillance data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Cases were described by age, sex and race, and exposure factors were characterized in urban and rural areas. A spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted using local Moran’s I to identify urban and rural clusters of disease. On average 3,810 leptospirosis cases were reported annually with higher numbers in urban areas. National urban and rural incidence rates were the same (1.9 cases/100,000 population), however, regional differences were observed. Urban incidence rates were higher in the North and Northeast regions, while rural incidence rates were higher in the Southeast and South. The main exposure factor reported in urban and rural areas was exposure to places with signs of rodents, followed by flood in urban areas and agriculture and animal farming in rural areas. Clusters of leptospirosis were identified in densely populated urban areas of the North, Southeast and South regions, while rural clusters were concentrated in of the Southern region with large agriculture and animal farming practices.

Conclusions
This study highlights that leptospirosis is an important public health problem in both urban and rural areas of Brazil. The results provide decision-makers with detailed information about where disease incidence is high and can be used in the development of prevention and control strategies for priority areas and risk groups.
Comparison of three methods for determining anti-thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) for diagnosis of Graves’ disease: a clinical validation
Authors: Silvestre Ramona A. , Almería Lafuente Alejandro , Jiménez-Mendiguchía Lucía , García-Cano Ana , Romero López Rubén , García-Izquierdo Belén , Pardo de Santayana Cristina , Iglesias Pedro , Diez Juan J. , Arribas Gómez Ignacio , Bernabeu-Andreu Francisco A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Graves’ disease is secondary to the presence of anti-thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb), which stimulate thyroid hormones. TRab determination is crucial for etiological diagnosis. The objectives of this study were (i) to compare two methods for determining TRab by chemoluminiscence vs. standard TRACE-immunofluorescence; (ii) to determine the diagnostic validity of the three methods.

Methods
A retrospective study in 194 patients with a TRAb determination request. TRAb were determined by immunofluorescence (Kryptor, ThermoFisher) and chemiluminescence (Immulite, Siemens and Maglumi, Snibe). Clinical validation: medical records were reviewed and categorized according to thyroid function. Statistical analysis: Differences in quantitative variables were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland–Altman plot, and mean differences (mD). Qualitative variables were dichotomized by cut-off points; Kappa coefficient was calculated. Correlations were evaluated by Pearson’s coefficient and Passing-Bablok regression analysis. The diagnostic validity of the three methods was investigated.

Results
Kryptor-Immulite: mD: 1.2 (95%CI: −16 to >18). Passing-Bablok: Constant error (95%CI: −0.8349 to −0.5987). Proportional error (95%CI: 0.7862–1.0387). ICC: 0.86 (95%CI: 0.82–0.89). Kappa coefficient: 0.68 (95%CI 0.59–0.78). Kryptor-Maglumi: mD: −0.3 (95%CI: −12 to >12). Passing-Bablok: Constant error (95%CI: −0.7701 to >0.1621. Proportional error (95%CI: 0.8571 to 1.3179. ICC: 0.93 (95%CI: 0.89–0.97). Kappa coefficient: 0.53 (95%CI: 0.32–0.74). Diagnosis of Graves’ disease was confirmed in 113 patients (Kryptorf showed better specificity and positive predictive value, whereas Immulite demonstrated better sensitivity and negative predictive value).

Conclusions
The three methods have a good diagnostic performance for Graves’ disease, with superimposable results on Bland–Altman plot. Interchangeability was not confirmed on the regression and agreement analysis, with the presence of biases.
Prognostic factors for the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Rubio-Sánchez Ricardo , Lepe-Balsalobre Esperanza , Viloria-Peñas María del Mar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19. This disease is associated with leukocytosis with lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and elevated levels of d-dimer, and C-reactive protein, ferritin, procalcitonin, and lactate dehydrogenase. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and analytical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and to identify prognostic factors of disease progression.

Methods
Patients were categorized into two groups based on COVID-19 severity. Study variables included demographic data, medical history, length of hospital stay, course of pneumonia, drug therapy, and analytical parameters. A descriptive and multivariate analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors for disease severity.

Results
The study population included 197 patients, of whom 127 had mild disease and 70 had severe COVID-19. Statistically significant differences were observed in most analytical parameters. The parameters included in the multivariate analysis were advanced age and elevated levels of leukocytes, CRP, GGT, and PCT at admission as prognostic factors for disease severity.

Conclusions
The prognostic factors for the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection identified in this study (age, leukocytes, CRP, GGT, and PCT) will help predict the course of the disease at an early stage.
Werkzeug für die modellgestützte Betriebsführung von Kläranlagen
Authors: Förster Leonie , Alex Jens 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Simulationsmodelle in Form nichtlinearer Prozessmodelle können in vielfältiger Weise für die modellgestützte Betriebsführung eingesetzt werden. In diesem Beitrag werden ein Entwicklungssystem und ein Laufzeitsystem für Beobachter- und Prognosemodelle, modellbasierte prädiktive Regelungen und eine virtuelle Inbetriebnahme vorgestellt und die Anwendung anhand von zwei Beispielen aus dem Kläranlagenbereich demonstriert.
Computational prediction of CRISPR-impaired non-coding regulatory regions
Authors: Baumgarten Nina , Schmidt Florian , Wegner Martin , Hebel Marie , Kaulich Manuel , Schulz Marcel H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Genome-wide CRISPR screens are becoming more widespread and allow the simultaneous interrogation of thousands of genomic regions. Although recent progress has been made in the analysis of CRISPR screens, it is still an open problem how to interpret CRISPR mutations in non-coding regions of the genome. Most of the tools concentrate on the interpretation of mutations introduced in gene coding regions. We introduce a computational pipeline that uses epigenomic information about regulatory elements for the interpretation of CRISPR mutations in non-coding regions. We illustrate our analysis protocol on the analysis of a genome-wide CRISPR screen in hTERT-RPE1 cells and reveal novel regulatory elements that mediate chemoresistance against doxorubicin in these cells. We infer links to established and to novel chemoresistance genes. Our analysis protocol is general and can be applied on any cell type and with different CRISPR enzymes.
Associations of insulin-induced lipodystrophy in children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus using recombinant human insulin: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Singha Arijit , Bhattacharjee Rana , Dalal Bibhas Saha , Biswas Dibakar , Choudhuri Subhadip , Chowdhury Subhankar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
Insulin-induced lipodystrophy is of two types, lipohypertrophy and lipoatrophy. Lipodystrophy often leads to worsening of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Our objective was to identify the clinical, immunological, and other factor(s) associated with the development of lipodystrophy.

Methods
In this observational cross-sectional hospital-based study, 95 children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus were observed for the development of lipodystrophy. Injection technique, insulin dose, and glycemic parameters were noted. Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and anti-insulin antibody levels were measured. Histopathological examination of the lipodystrophic area was done in a small number of people.

Results
Among the participants, 45.2% of participants had lipohypertrophy and 4.2% had lipoatrophy exclusively; 3.1% of participants had coexisting lipohypertrophy and lipoatrophy. Improper injection site rotation technique was more common in participants with lipohypertrophy in comparison to those without lipodystrophy. The age of onset of diabetes, duration of insulin use, and the number of times of needle reuse were not significantly different between the lipohypertrophy and nonlipodystrophy groups. Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and anti-insulin antibody levels; HbA1c; rate of hypoglycemia; and body weight-adjusted dose requirement were higher among the participants with lipohypertrophy. On histopathology, scant, or no inflammatory infiltrate was found in lipoatrophic and lipohypertrophic areas, respectively.

Conclusion
Improper insulin injection technique and higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and anti-insulin antibody are associated with lipodystrophy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. HbA1c and rate of hypoglycemia are higher in people with lipodystrophy.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[triaqua-(μ2-1,3-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propane-κ2
N:N′)-(4,4′-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl)dibenzoato-κ1O)cobalt(II)] — N,N′-dimethylformamide (1/1), C28H34N8O8Co
Authors: Qiu Ying , Zhao Juan , Liu Mei-Ling , Ge Hong-Guang , Ji Xiao-Hui , Wang Qin , Jin Ling-xia , Lu Jiu-Fu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
C28H31N8O8Co, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.8071(17) Å, b = 19.676(2) Å, c = 10.8580(13) Å, V = 3066.7(6) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0377, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1228, T = 293(2) K.
High performance liquid chromatography based quantification of reserpine in Rauwolfia tetraphylla L. and enhanced production through precursor feeding
Authors: Rohela Gulab Khan , Bylla Prasad , Pendli Sreenu , Korra Rajender , Gandu Rajender , Reuben Christopher 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Rauwolfia tetraphylla L., is an important medicinal plant in Apocynaceae family and is recognized as an alternative source to Rauwolfia serpentina L., in terms of anti-hypertensive alkaloid production i.e. reserpine. In view of this, the present study is conducted to estimate the reserpine content in different parts (leaf, stem and root) of field grown plants (2 years old), tissue cultured plantlets (R1) (two months old) and cell suspensions cultures (two months old with and without precursor feeding) of R. tetraphylla by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Overall maximum content of reserpine (in %) was estimated from the root samples. Roots of field grown plants has recorded high percent of reserpine (0.39%) followed by roots of tissue cultured plantlets (0.35%) and root callus based cell suspension cultures (0.38 %) which was fed with precursor amino acid (100 mg/L of tryptophan). In control type of root callus based cell suspension cultures, reserpine content was quantified as 0.14%; by precursor feeding (100 mg/L of tryptophan) it was enhanced to 0.38%. In conclusion, the reserpine content (0.35 and 0.38%) produced by the roots of tissue cultured plantlets (R1) and 100 mg/L tryptophan fed root callus based cell suspensions was comparable to that of the reserpine content (0.39%) of root parts of field grown plants. The present study demonstrates the reserpine production by in vitro cell suspension cultures throughout the year without sacrificing the medicinal plants.
PERPUSTAKAAN KAFE: KONSEP UNIK SEBAGAI USAHA PENINGKATAN MINAT BACA DAN INTERAKSI SOSIAL
Authors: Masiani Ketut 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKBerbagai permasalahan saat ini dihadapi oleh perpustakaan. Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, serta rendahnya minat baca merupakan permasalahan yang harus segera di atasi. Rendahnya minat baca masyarakat saat ini merupakan ancaman serius yang sedang dihadapi oleh bangsa Indonesia. Indeks membaca di Indonesia masih sangat rendah sehingga berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kualitas sumberdaya manusia yang dimiliki. Perpustakaan sebagai lembaga yang bertugas dalam upaya peningkatan minat baca perlu melakukan terobosan baru sehingga minat baca masyarakat dapat meningkat. Perpustakaan kafe merupakan perpustakaan yang menggabungkan desain antara perpustakaan dengan kafe dengan tetap mengedepankan tujuan dan peranan perpustakaan. Tujuan pengembangan perpustakaan kafe ini adalah untuk dapat memberikan kesan baru pada perpustakaan berupa tempat yang nyaman, menyenangkan sehingga dapat menarik minat masyarakat untuk berkunjung, membaca koleksi yang tersedia sehingga mampu meningkatkan minat baca, yang akan berpengaruh dalam peningkatan kecerdasan bangsa dan Negara. Ruangan perpustakaan didesain seperti kafe dengan mengutamakan kenyamanan pengunjung serta penyediaan koleksi yang dapat menarik perhatian masyarakat untuk membacanya. Pengembangan perpustakaan kafe perlu memperhatikan lokasi, desain, koleksi, kerjasama dan jenis layanannya. Pengembangan perpustakaan ini merupakan upaya untuk mengoptimalkan tugas pokok dan fungsi dari perpustakaan, meningkatkan minat baca masyarakat serta sebagai media interaksi sosial masyarakat ABSTRACTA lot of problems being faced by the library nowadays. The growth of information and communication technology, and the low interest in reading must be overcome. Low reading interest in today's society is a serious threat being faced by Indonesia. Reading index in Indonesia is still very low and therefore contributes to the quality level of its human resources. Library as an institution in charge of the effort to increase reading interest need to make new breakthroughs for it. Library cafe is a library that combines the design of a library with a café while still promoting the purpose and role of the library. The purpose of developing a cafe library is to give a new impression of a library as a comfortable and fun place to attract people to visit and read the available collections so as to increase their reading interest, which will take effect in improving national intelligence. Library room is designed like a cafe which emphasizes comfort for visitor as well as provision of a collection that can attract people to read it. The library café development must take into account its location, design, collection, cooperation and kinds of services. The development of this library is an attempt to optimize the duties and functions of the library, to increase public interest as well as to serve as a social media of interaction
Ações de startups e empresas brasileiras no combate à pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Machado Juliana Martins , Oliveira Aline Emily de , Silva Jonatas Oliveira da , Dos Santos Michelli , Francisco Mariana Ferraz Chaves , Muniz Ana Luísa Faria , Ferreira André Vinícius Fernandes , Nogueira Laís Moreira , Toledo Cristiane Bittencourt Barroso , Lomeo Rosângela Da Silva , Giunchetti Rodolfo Cordeiro , Paz Mariana Campos da , Galdino Alexsandro Sobreira 
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A COVID-19 é uma doença de interesse mundial. Diante disso, há um esforço globalizado no desenvolvimentode produtos/soluções que possam apoiar a sociedade neste momento. Objetivo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi relatar as ações e iniciativas de algumas startups brasileiras, destinadas ao combate da COVID-19. Método: Para isso, uma pesquisa assistemática em plataformas e sites de notícias foi realizada, entre 1 de março e 5 de junho de 2020, e 71 iniciativas foram identificadas em diferentes categorias: antipropagação da COVID-19, inteligência artificial, sistemas de gestão em saúde, coleta/monitoramento de informações, artigos e exames hospitalares, diagnóstico e telemedicina. Conclusão: Por meio deste estudo, foi possível evidenciar o desenvolvimento de tecnologias nacionaispara solucionar problemas como falta de equipamentos de proteção individual e hospitalares, triagem e monitoramento da população, além de melhoria do acesso às informações sobre cuidados, prevenção e aos serviços de saúde em meio a pandemia. No entanto, algumas destas iniciativas ainda precisam de incentivos para chegar ao mercado.
Langues distantes, langues proches, le cas du chinois
Authors: Bellassen Joël 
Published: March 2021

Les langues sont une forme de voyage et il n’est somme toute pas surprenant que l’émergence de la notion de distance entre les langues ait été historiquement liée avec les voyages exploratoires d’un grand voyageur. A partir de cet ancrage historique, l’enjeu du présent article est de s’extraire du sens commun s’agissant de la « difficulté » de telle ou telle langue et de poser la notion de langue distante et de langue proche, voire de langue distante qui se rapproche, en s’interroger sur les indicateurs qui font la distance entre deux langues, mais également celle entre un apprenant donné et une langue d’apprentissage. La rationalisation d’une telle problématique conduit inévitablement vers la mise en question de l’égalitarisme institutionnel qui désigne les mêmes objectifs de compétences linguistiques indépendamment de la nature distante ou proche des langues.
MSCV-based retroviral plasmids expressing&nbsp;3xFLAG-Sp-dCas9&nbsp;for enChIP analysis
Authors: Yuno Miyuki , Fujita Toshitsugu , Fujii Hodaka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Engineered DNA-binding molecule–mediated chromatin immunoprecipitation (enChIP) is a technology for purifying specific genomic regions to facilitate identification of their associated molecules, including proteins, RNAs, and other genomic regions. In enChIP, the target genomic region is tagged with engineered DNA-binding molecules, e.g., a variant of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system consisting of a guide RNA (gRNA) and a catalytically inactive form of Cas9 (dCas9). In this study, to increase the flexibility of enChIP and expand the range of target cells, we generated murine stem cell virus (MSCV)-based retroviral plasmids for expressing dCas9. We constructed MSCV-based retroviral plasmids expressing Streptococcus pyogenes dCas9 fused to a 3xFLAG-tag (3xFLAG-Sp-dCas9) and various drug resistance genes. We showed that by using these plasmids, it is feasible to purify target genomic regions with yields comparable to those reported using other systems. These systems might give enChIP users greater flexibility in choosing optimal systems for drug selection of transduced cells.
Stable Isotopic Characterization of Nitrate Wet Deposition in the Tropical Urban Atmosphere of Costa Rica
Authors: Villalobos-Forbes Mario , Esquivel-Herna Germain , Sánchez-Murillo Ricardo , Sánchez-Gutiérrez Rolando , Matiatos Ioannis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Increasing energy consumption and food production worldwide results in anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen into the atmosphere. To date, however, little information is available on tropical urban environments where inorganic nitrogen is vastly transported and deposited through precipitation on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. To fill this gap, we present compositions of water stable isotopes in precipitation and atmospheric nitrate (δ18O-H2O, δ2H-H2O, δ15N-NO3-, and δ18O-NO3-) collected daily between August 2018 and November 2019 in a tropical urban atmosphere of central Costa Rica. Rainfall generation processes (convective and stratiform) were identified using stable isotopes in precipitation combined with air mass back trajectory analysis. A Bayesian isotope mixing model forced with δ15N-NO3- values corrected for potential 15N fractionation effects reveal the predominant contribution of biomass burning and lightning to nitrate wet deposition. δ18O-NO3- values in Caribbean convective rainfall reflect the oxidation chemistry of NOx sources whereas δ15N-NO3- values in Pacific stratiform rainfall indicate the transport of nitrogen sources contributing to nitrate in atmospheric deposition. These findings provide necessary baseline information about the combination of water and nitrogen stable isotopes with atmospheric chemistry and hydrometeorological techniques to better understand wet deposition processes and to characterize the origin of inorganic nitrogen loadings in tropical regions.
Two Patented Probiotics Mitigated the Haematological Alterations Induced by a Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Chicks
Authors: Andamin Aliyu Danlami , Abdu Paul Ayuba , Akade Felix Tersua , Orakpoghenor Ochuko , Aluwong Tagang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study investigated the mitigating effects of two probiotics on blood parameters of ISA Brown chicks inoculated with a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). Two hundred chicks were assigned into four groups of 50 birds each. Groups A and B were administered Antox® in water and Bactofort® in feed daily from 1 to 42 days of age and inoculated with a vvIBDV at 28 days and C and D served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Blood samples were examined for changes in packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), total white blood cell (TWBC), heterophil and lymphocyte counts seven days post inoculation. The PCV between groups A and C differed (P < 0.05) and in group B it was higher (P < 0.05) than that of group C. The Hb concentration between groups A, B and C differed (P < 0.05). There was a difference (P < 0.05) in RBC counts between groups A, B, C. Differences in TWBC between group A and C were significant (P < 0.05) and TWBC in group B was higher (P < 0.05) than that of group C. There was a significant difference in heterophil (P < 0.05) and lymphocyte (P < 0.05) count between group A and C, and B and C. Heterophil/lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in positive control compared to groups A, B, C. Antox® and Bactofort® mitigated the deleterious effects of vvIBDV on blood parameters and can assist in the control of IBD.