bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA‐seq analysis of ageing human retinal pigment epithelium: Unexpected up‐regulation of visual cycle gene transcription
Authors: Butler Joe M. , Supharattanasitthi Wasu , Yang Yit C. , Paraoan Luminita 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAgeing presents adverse effects on the retina and is the primary risk factor for age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). We report the first RNA‐seq analysis of age‐related transcriptional changes in the human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the primary site of AMD pathogenesis. Whole transcriptome sequencing of RPE from human donors ranging in age from 31 to 93 reveals that ageing is associated with increasing transcription of main RPE‐associated visual cycle genes (including LRAT, RPE65, RDH5, RDH10, RDH11; pathway enrichment BH‐adjusted P = 4.6 × 10−6). This positive correlation is replicated in an independent set of 28 donors and a microarray dataset of 50 donors previously published. LRAT expression is positively regulated by retinoid by‐products of the visual cycle (A2E and all‐trans‐retinal) involving modulation by retinoic acid receptor alpha transcription factor. The results substantiate a novel age‐related positive feedback mechanism between accumulation of retinoid by‐products in the RPE and the up‐regulation of visual cycle genes.
Ontogeny of the digestive system and the profile of proteases in larvae of cachara (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) and its hybrid (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans × Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum)
Authors: de Mello Paulo Henrique , Lundstedt Lícia Maria , Moraes Gilberto , Cavalheiro Araújo Bruno , Leite Venturieri Rossana Luiza , Guimarães Moreira Renata 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of the digestive system and digestive proteases was studied in cachara (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum) and its hybrid (P. reticulatum × Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) during the first 25 days after fertilization. Both groups presented a fast and similar development of the digestive system, and the unspecific alkaline protease profile suggested that the digestive capacity of hybrid larvae is higher than that of cachara after the last half of the studied phase. The activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin were similar and observed since the oocyte. These observations suggested that cachara and its hybrid has similar digestive capacity and digestive system development.
The effect of filtrated osmotic solutions based on chokeberry juice enriched with mint extract on volatile compounds in dried apples
Authors: Masztalerz Klaudia , Łyczko Jacek , Lech Krzysztof , Szumny Antoni , Figiel Adam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe main objective of the study is to assess the effect of filtration of osmotic solution on the selective penetration during osmotic dehydration and on the retention of volatile compounds, obtained from mint extracts, in apple cylinders cv. Champion after drying using different methods. For this purpose, osmotic dehydration in filtrated and nonfiltrated concentrated chokeberry juice with the addition of mint extract was performed. Then, the process was followed by convective drying, vacuum‐microwave drying, or combined drying methods. Physical properties were determined such as open, closed, total porosity, shrinkage, and water activity. SPME and GC/MS analyses were performed to assess the changes in carvone contribution in the osmotic solutions as well as apple cylinders. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also presented. It was found that even though, filtration did not influence osmotic dehydration kinetics, it led to significantly (p <.05) higher carvone contribution in dried material than in the case of nonfiltrated solutions. Convective drying was significantly (p <.05) better in preserving carvone than other drying methods such as vacuum‐microwave drying and combined drying consisting of convective predrying and vacuum‐microwave finishing drying. Drying methods also affected physical parameters like open and closed porosities. Filtration did not influence drying kinetics but resulted in better retention of carvone in dried apples, especially when convective drying was applied.Practical ApplicationsThe study might be of special interest to food processing industry, as it presents new developments (filtration of osmotic solution) in osmotic dehydration that allow to achieve higher contents of volatile compounds (carvone) in dehydrated material after drying compared to conventional osmotic dehydration. The study shows how to work with complex osmotic solutions and obtain high quality dried materials. Obtained results demonstrate that filtration of concentrated juice used as osmotic solution can be applied to affect the selective penetration during osmotic dehydration. Addition of herbal extracts to the osmotic solution can further improve the chemical composition of the dried material and lead to higher contribution of volatile compounds. Osmotic dehydration followed by convective drying results in higher retention of carvone in comparison to other drying methods. The methods presented in the manuscript might be used to create other new compositions with high volatile concentration in the biological material after drying.
Natural flood management, lag time and catchment scale: Results from an empirical nested catchment study
Authors: Black Andrew , Peskett Leo , MacDonald Alan , Young Andy , Spray Chris , Ball Tom , Thomas Huw , Werritty Alan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNatural flood management (NFM) techniques attract much interest in flood risk management science, not least because their effectiveness remains subject to considerable uncertainty, particularly at larger catchment and event scales. This derives from a paucity of empirical studies which can offer either longitudinal or comparison data sets in which changes can be observed. The Eddleston catchment study, with 13 stream gauges operated continuously over 9 years, is based on both longitudinal and comparison data sets. Two years of baseline monitoring have been followed by 7 years of further monitoring after a range of NFM interventions across the 69 km2catchment. This study has examined changes in lag as an index of hydrological response which avoids dependence on potentially significant uncertainties in flow data. Headwater catchments up to 26 km2showed significant delays in lag of 2.6–7.3 hr in catchments provided with leaky wood structures, on‐line ponds and riparian planting, while larger catchments downstream and those treated with riparian planting alone did not. Two control catchments failed to show any such changes. The findings provide important evidence of the catchment scale at which NFM can be effective and suggest that effects may increase with event magnitude.
A novel treatment of diaper dermatitis in children and adults
Authors: Dall’Oglio Federica , Musumeci Maria Letizia , Puglisi Davide Francesco , Micali Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiaper dermatitis (DD) is an acute inflammatory reaction, regardless of the cause, of the diaper‐covered area. Topical skin barrier repair cosmetic products are the mainstay treatment to cure and/or prevent DD.AimsTo assess the efficacy/tolerability of a zinc gluconate‐taurine/zinc oxide and panthenol/ glycerin/ Butyrospermum parkii butter barrier cream using clinical evaluation.MethodsIn this prospective, open‐label trial, 20 patients (10 infants/10 adults), with mild/moderate DD enrolled at the Dermatology University Clinic of Catania (Italy) were instructed to apply the cream twice daily for 30 days. Degree of erythema was performed clinically by a 5‐point severity scale (from 0 = no erythema to 4 = severe erythema), at baseline, at 15 and 30 days. An Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) using a 6‐point scale (from −1 = worsening to 4 = complete response/clear) along with product tolerability was also performed at 15 and 30 days. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.ResultsAt 15 days, a reduction of clinical erythema assessment (CEA) from baseline was observed (mean from 3.2 ± 0.8 to 2.5 ± 0.3; p < 0.06), that although nonsignificant, showed a significant progressive improvement at 30 days (mean from 3.2 ± 0.8 to 1.1 ± 0.9; p < 0.0001) without any age differences.ConclusionsOur preliminary results indicate that the tested barrier cream may represent a promising approach in DD rash. It may be used in mild‐to‐moderate forms in monotherapy without significant side effects or, where required, in association with pharmacological agents. Its long‐term use is likely safe.
10% urea cream in senile xerosis: Clinical and instrumental evaluation
Authors: Lacarrubba Francesco , Verzì Anna Elisa , Dinotta Franco , Micali Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMoisturizers represent the mainstay of treatment of xerosis and related pruritus in elderly patients.AimIn this study, we evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a 10% urea cream in patients with senile xerosis.MethodsTwenty patients affected by moderate‐to‐severe xerosis of the upper or lower extremities were enrolled and instructed to apply twice daily for 2 weeks a cream containing 10% urea. Evaluation was performed at baseline and after 7 and 14 days by: clinical examination, itch assessment using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and dermoscopy.ResultsAfter 7 and 14 days of treatment, the tested urea‐based cream resulted in a significant, progressive clinical improvement of xerosis and related pruritus in all patients. The clinical results were supported by dermoscopy that showed the reduction/disappearance of scales. The cream, that had a good cosmetological acceptability, was well tolerated with no report of stinging or burning and/or other side effects.ConclusionsUrea confirms to represent a key molecule for the treatment of senile xerosis.
Treatment of cradle cap in infants with a new cosmetic non‐steroidal gel cream: Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation
Authors: Micali Giuseppe , Pulvirenti Nella , Dall’Oglio Federica , Tedeschi Aurora , Quattrocchi Enrica , Lacarrubba Francesco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCradle cap is a benign and self‐limiting variant of seborrheic dermatitis (SD) that can be distressing for parents.AimsTo assess by clinical/laboratory/instrumental evaluation the efficacy/tolerability of a gel cream containing piroctone olamine (antifungal), biosaccharide gum‐2 (antifungal), stearyl glycyrrhetinate (anti‐inflammatory), and zinc l‐pyrrolidone carboxylate (zinc‐PCA) (antiseborrheic) in the treatment of mild/ moderate cradle cap.MethodsIn this prospective, open‐label trial, 10 infants, with mild/moderate cradle cap enrolled at the Dermatology University Clinic of Catania (Italy) used the tested gel cream twice daily for 30 days. Degree of erythema was evaluated clinically by a 5‐point severity scale (from 0=no erythema to 4=severe erythema), at baseline, at 15 and 30 days. Desquamation was rated by dermoscopy evaluation using a 5‐point scale (from 0=no desquamation to 4=severe/many large adherent white flakes), at all time points. An Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) using a 6‐point scale (from −1=worsening to 4=complete response/clear) was also performed at 30 days. Five subjects, randomly selected, underwent double microbiological evaluation for bacteria and yeasts by cultures of cotton swabs at baseline and at 30 days. Tolerability/acceptability was evaluated on a 4‐point scale (from 0=very poor to 3=excellent) at 15 and 30 days. Data were processed using SAS version 9.ResultsAt baseline, a significant colony‐forming unit (CFU) count for Malassezia furfur and Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 4 out of 5 selected patients. After 15 and 30 days, a statically significant reduction from baseline in erythema and desquamation severity was observed, along with a reduction in CFU count for Malassezia furfur and Staphylococcus aureus from baseline. No signs of local side effects were documented.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the tested gel cream may represent a valid option to treat mild‐to‐moderate forms of cradle cap and support its antifungal and antibacterial properties.
A novel azelaic acid formulation for the topical treatment of inflammatory rosacea: A multicentre, prospective clinical trial
Authors: Dall’Oglio Federica , Tedeschi Aurora , Lacarrubba Francesco , Fabbrocini Gabriella , Skroza Nevena , Chiodini Paolo , Micali Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTopical azelaic acid (AzA) is a common treatment for mild/moderate inflammatory rosacea.AimsTo assess the efficacy and tolerability of a novel formulation cream containing 15% AzA (anti‐inflammatory/anti‐oxidant/anti‐microbial agent) combined with 1% dihydroavenanthramide D (anti‐inflammatory/anti‐itch) in inflammatory rosacea using clinical/instrumental evaluation.MethodsIn this multicentre, prospective, open‐label trial, 45 patients with mild/moderate inflammatory rosacea enrolled at the Dermatology Clinic of the University of Catania, Naples, and Rome (Italy) were instructed to apply the cream twice daily for 8 weeks. Clinical evaluation was performed at baseline (T0) and at 8 weeks (T1) by (1) Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) score based on a 5‐point scale (from 0 = clear/no erythema/papules/pustules to 4 = severe erythema/several papules/pustules) and (2) inflammatory lesions count. Instrumental evaluation of erythema degree was performed by erythema‐directed digital photography (EDDP) by a 5‐point scale (from 0 = no redness to 4 = severe redness) at all time points. Tolerability was assessed by a self‐administered questionnaire at 8 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.ResultsForty‐four patients completed the study. At week 8, a significant decrease in baseline of IGA scores [median from 3 (T0) to 1 (T1)] and inflammatory lesions count [median from 8 (T0) to 1 (T1)] was recorded along with a significant reduction of erythema scores [median from 2 (T0) to 1 (T1)]. No relevant side effects were recorded.ConclusionsOur results suggest that this new non‐irritating product represents a valid therapeutic option for mild/moderate inflammatory rosacea, and EDDP is able to provide a more defined evaluation of erythema changes.
Evaluation of skin care concerns and patient’s perception of the effect of NanoSilk Cream on facial skin
Authors: Louiselle Amanda E. , Niemiec Stephen , Azeltine Mark , Mundra Leela , French Brooke , Zgheib Carlos , Liechty Kenneth W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkin aging is an inevitable process with one of the key features of aging being dryness or flakiness of the skin. Previous in vivo and in vitro testing has highlighted that a silk‐based product may be effective in improving moisture retention in skin.MethodsWe evaluated the safety and efficacy of our silk‐based product through a combination of objective‐ including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EpiDerm Skin Irritation tests ‐ and subjective tests – including direct evaluation of patient’s own perception of their skin.ResultsIn alignment with previous studies, patients reported significant concerns about aging, wrinkling, or saggy skin. We found that our silk‐based product was safe and effective in improving hydration and resilience of facial skin and a majority of participants stated they would continue to use this product, when commercially available.ConclusionOur novel silk‐based product, NanoSilk Cosmo, is safe for use on human facial skin and it improves skin resiliency and hydration.
Young adults suffering from mental illness: Evaluation of the family‐centred support conversation intervention from the perspective of mental healthcare professionals
Authors: Moen Øyfrid Larsen , Aass Lisbeth Kjelsrud , Schröder Agneta , Skundberg‐Kletthagen Hege 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore how mental healthcare professionals’ experience and evaluate the use of Family‐Centred Support Conversation Intervention.BackgroundMental health professionals working in the community mental health service provide treatment, care and support to young adults suffering from mental illness. Young adults suffering from mental illness are dependent on other family members and live close to the family. The Family‐Centred Support Conversation promotes healing and alleviates the suffering of the family.Design and methodsA qualitative explorative design was used. Individual interviews with health professionals (n = 13) were conducted in Norway and analysed using a phenomenographic approach. The COREQ checklist was used.ResultsThree descriptive categories emerged: A new tool in the toolbox, the family as a conversational partner and Implementing the intervention, with seven conceptions. The mental health professionals had no previous routine for family support. The conversations helped them to structure the involvement of family members. Having the family as a conversational partner together with the patients was considered both somewhat new and rewarding but also challenging. The mental health professionals described a need to adjust the intervention.ConclusionsThe Family‐Centred Support Conversation was described as a complement to care, as usual, structuring the involvement of families. The knowledge exchange between the families and the mental health professionals may create a context of changing beliefs, strengths and resources.Relevance to clinical practiceClinical practice is challenged to work on establishing a mindset; whereby, the family is regarded as a resource with important skills and life experience. The family should be offered individualised support and follow‐up, and FCSC may be a relevant intervention.
Overcoming the Incumbent Dilemma: The Dual Roles of Multimarket Contact During Disruption
Authors: Hsu Sean T. , Cohen Susan K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIncumbents ignore nascent markets created by disruptive product innovations when previous industry and market experiences, ingrained in technology frames, leads them to characterize these innovations as unattractive to important customers and undervalue the growth opportunity. Competitors made salient through multimarket contact (MMC) may attenuate this incumbent dilemma if they enter the new market thereby signalling its value, or if an incumbent’s experience with MMC rivals augments its capacities to anticipate the potential value of a disruptive innovation. Building on prior work, we theorize MMC with competitors from the same industry as the incumbent (Insider MMC) encourages information‐based entry into a new market created by a disruptive product innovation – incumbents follow the choices of similar MMC rivals. We further theorize MMC with competitors from a different industry as the incumbent (Outsider MMC) broadens incumbent technology frames, reducing the tendency to discount disruptive innovation and increasing the likelihood an incumbent enters the new market – irrespective of whether the Outsider MMC rivals enter. Using data from the telecommunications industry from 1991 through 2005, we investigated relationships between MMC and incumbent entry into a new disruptive market, packet‐based networking switches. We found MMC linearly increased the likelihood of incumbent entry and that observable entry patterns are consistent with Insider and Outsider MMC affecting entry through distinctive mechanisms. We suggest disruptive innovation theory could be usefully extended through further consideration of how competitive experiences, particularly MMC, affect incumbent responses.
Pulmonary mass‐like lesion caused byToxoplasma gondiiin a domestic shorthair cat
Authors: McKenna Myles , Augusto Monica , Suárez‐Bonnet Alejandro , Fitzgerald Ella 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 2‐year‐old male neutered domestic shorthair cat underwent investigations for acute onset of lethargy, hyporexia, and cough. Computed tomography of the thorax identified a large mass‐like lesion in the left cranial lung lobe and bilateral pleural effusion. Thoracotomy and left cranial lung lobectomy were performed. Histopathology of the pulmonary mass was consistent with a localizedToxoplasma gondiipneumonia, confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction on the affected lung lobe. After adjunctive medical management with a 28‐day course of clindamycin (12.5 mg/kg PO q12h), clinical signs resolved and repeat thoracic radiographs documented no abnormalities. The cat remains clinically well 1 year after surgery.
Patterns of antimicrobial drug use in veterinary primary care and specialty practice: A 6‐year multi‐institution study
Authors: Goggs Robert , Menard Julie M. , Altier Craig , Cummings Kevin J. , Jacob Megan E. , Lalonde‐Paul Denise F. , Papich Mark G. , Norman Keri N. , Fajt Virginia R. , Scott H. Morgan , Lawhon Sara D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCombatting antimicrobial resistance requires a One Health approach to antimicrobial stewardship including antimicrobial drug (AMD) use evaluation. Current veterinary AMD prescribing data are limited.ObjectivesTo quantify companion animal AMD prescribing in primary care and specialty practice across 3 academic veterinary hospitals with particular focus on third‐generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems.AnimalsDogs and cats presented to 3 academic veterinary hospitals from 2012 to 2017.MethodsIn this retrospective study, AMD prescribing data from 2012 to 2017 were extracted from electronic medical records at each hospital and prescriptions classified by service type: primary care, specialty practice or Emergency/Critical Care (ECC). Hospital‐level AMD prescribing data were summarized by species, service type, AMD class, and drug. Multivariable logistic full‐factorial regression models were used to estimate hospital, year, species, and service‐type effects on AMD prescribing. Estimated marginal means and confidence intervals were plotted over time.ResultsThe probability of systemic AMD prescribing for any indication ranged between 0.15 and 0.28 and was higher for dogs than cats (P < .05) apart from 2017 at hospital 1. Animals presented to primary care were least likely to receive AMDs (dogs 0.03‐0.15, cats 0.03‐0.18). The most commonly prescribed AMD classes were aminopenicillins/β‐lactamase inhibitors (0.02‐0.15), first‐generation cephalosporins (0.00‐0.09), fluoroquinolones (0.00‐0.04), nitroimidazoles (0.01‐0.06), and tetracyclines (0.00‐0.03). Among the highest priority classes, fluoroquinolones (dogs 0.00‐0.09, cats 0.00‐0.08) and third‐generation cephalosporins (dogs 0.00‐0.04, cats 0.00‐0.05) were most frequently prescribed.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAntimicrobial drug prescribing frequencies were comparable to previous studies. Additional stewardship efforts might focus on fluoroquinolones and third‐generation cephalosporins.