bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculating lifetime expected loss for IFRS 9: which formula is measuring what?
Authors: Engelmann Bernd 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to derive formulas for lifetime expected credit loss of loans that are required for the calculation of loan loss reserves under IFRS 9. This is done both for fixed-rate and floating rate loans under different assumptions on LGD modeling, prepayment, and discount rates.Design/methodology/approachThis study provides exact formulas for lifetime expected credit loss derived analytically together with the mathematical proofs of each expression.FindingsThis articles shows that the formula most commonly applied in the literature for calculating lifetime expected credit loss is inconsistent with measuring expected loss based on expected discounted cash flows. Formulas based on discounted cash flows always lead to more conservative numbers.Practical implicationsFor banks reporting under IFRS 9, the implication of this research is a better understanding of the different approaches used for computing lifetime expected loss, how they are connected, and what assumptions are underlying each approach. This may lead to corrections in existing frameworks to make applications of risk management systems more consistent.Originality/valueWhile there is a lot of literature explaining IFRS 9 and evaluating its impact, none of the existing research has systematically analyzed the calculation of lifetime expected credit loss for this purpose and how the formula changes under different modeling assumptions. This gap is filled by this study.
Exploring the occupational lives of Syrians under temporary protection in Turkey
Authors: Altuntaş Onur , Azizoğlu Vecihe , Davis Jane A. 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionPersons who become displaced due to situations such as war and natural disasters face extreme challenges in maintaining their occupational repertoires. This study aimed to explore the occupational lives of Syrians under temporary protection in Turkey.MethodsThis mixed method study used a cross‐sectional design with a predominantly qualitative focus. Syrians living under temporary protection in Turkey were interviewed using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) to identify their perceived performance problems in the areas of self‐care, productivity, and leisure. Additional probes were used to explore participants' reasoning for the choice of occupations and scoring, and occupational changes since arriving in Turkey. Socio‐demographics were collected on the participants' age, gender, educational level, marital status, monthly house budget, social security, and number of persons within the household. Thematic analysis was used to undercover themes from the qualitative data.ResultsThirty Syrians living under temporary protection in Turkey in Hatay province participated in this study (mean age: 29.66 ± 7.97 years [range = 18 to 50 years]): 16 women (mean age: 28.64 ± 8.04 years) and 14 men (mean age: 30.56 ± 8.05 years). Participants identified more significant problems in their performance of productive and leisure occupations than in self‐care occupations. The following themes emerged: (a) having a house of our own: meeting basic needs and completing activities of daily living; (b) no money for shopping: past everyday occupations now luxuries; (c) feeling valued and important: having the ability but no job; (d) living day to day: Education, career, and marriage on hold; and (e) enjoyment in life: leaving behind family, friends, and occupational spaces.ConclusionSyrians living in temporary protection in Turkey experience uncertainty within their occupational lives. Participants were able to meet their basic needs; however, precarity of employment limited their participation in previous occupations contracting their repertoires.
Pharmacological characterization of the chronic phase of the monoiodoacetate‐induced rat model of osteoarthritis pain in the knee joint
Authors: Han Felicity Y. , Brockman David A. , Nicholson Janet R. , Corradini Laura , Smith Maree T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, pain is the most debilitating symptom. Although it has been proposed that the chronic phase of the monoiodoacetate (MIA)‐induced rodent model of knee joint pain may be superior to other chronic or acute OA models for assessing the analgesic efficacy of novel molecules, relatively few pharmacological studies have been conducted in the chronic phase of this model. Hence, this study was designed to use pharmacological methods to characterize the chronic phase of the MIA‐induced rat model of knee joint OA pain. Rats received a single intraarticular injection of MIA at 2.5 mg or vehicle (saline) into the left (ipsilateral) knee joint. Pain behaviour was assessed by measuring paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) in the hindpaws pre‐MIA injection and twice‐weekly until study completion on day 42. Mechanical allodynia was fully developed in the ipsilateral hindpaws (PWTs ≤6 g) from day 7 and it persisted until day 42. MIA‐injected rats with PWTs ≤6 g in the ipsilateral hindpaws received single doses of one of four clinically available drugs that represent four distinct pharmacological classes, viz gabapentin, amitriptyline, meloxicam and morphine, according to a ‘washout’ protocol with at least 48 hours between successive doses. Gabapentin evoked dose‐dependent anti‐allodynia as did morphine whereas amitriptyline and meloxicam were inactive. Our findings are aligned with clinical data showing that gabapentin and morphine alleviated OA pain in the knee. The lack of efficacy of amitriptyline is consistent with the loss of descending diffuse noxious inhibitory controls reported by others in this model.
Immune‐checkpoint inhibitor‐associated diabetes compared to other diabetes types ‐ A prospective, matched control study
Authors: Tittel Sascha R. , Laubner Katharina , Schmid Sebastian M. , Kress Stefan , Merger Sigrun , Karges Wolfram , Wosch Frank J. , Altmeier Marcus , Pavel Marianne , Holl Reinhard W. ,   DPV Initiative
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo describe checkpoint inhibitor‐induced diabetes mellitus (CPI‐DM) and to compare with regular type 1 (T1DM), type 2 (T2DM), and medication‐induced diabetes mellitus (MI‐DM).MethodsWe included 88 177 adult patients from the Diabetes Patient Follow‐Up (DPV) registry with diabetes manifestation between 2011 and 2020. Inclusion criteria were T1DM, T2DM, MI‐DM, or CPI‐DM. Because of the heterogeneity between the groups, we matched patients by age, sex, and diabetes duration using propensity scores. Patient data were aggregated in the respective first documented treatment year.ResultsThe matched cohort consisted of 24 164 patients; T1DM: 29, T2DM: 24000, MI‐DM: 120, CPI‐DM: 15 patients. Median age at manifestation of CPI‐DM patients was 63.6 (57.2‐72.8) years (53.3% male). Body mass index in CPI‐DM patients was significantly lower (26.8 [23.9‐28.1] kg/m2) compared with T2DM patients (29.8 [26.2‐34.3] kg/m2, P = 0.02). At manifestation, HbA1c was significantly higher in CPI‐DM compared with MI‐DM, but there was no difference during follow‐up. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was documented in six CPI‐DM patients (T1DM: 0%, T2DM: 0.4%, MI‐DM: 0.0%). Fourteen CPI‐DM patients were treated with insulin, and three received additional oral antidiabetics. The most common therapy in T2DM was lifestyle modification (38.8%), insulin in MI‐DM (52.5%). Concomitant autoimmune thyroid disease was present in four CPI‐DM patients (T1DM: 0.0%, T2DM: 1.0%, MI‐DM: 0.8%).ConclusionsThe data from this controlled study show that CPI‐DM is characterized by a high prevalence of DKA, autoimmune comorbidity, and metabolic decompensation at onset. Structured diagnostic monitoring is warranted to prevent DKA and other acute endocrine complications in CPI‐treated patients.
Ancient South arabian inscription BynM 5: A new interpretation and semitic parallels
Authors: Mazzini Giovanni 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe subject of this article is the Sabaic inscription BynM 5 and a new interpretation is proposed considering Ancient South Arabian and other Semitic sources. The document is a funerary stela concluding with a curse. It is suggested that this curse reflects a magical belief which can be closely compared to Qur 113, 4. This contributes to shed light on the ancient Arabian magical practices.
Increased C‐reactive protein concentration and suicidal behavior in people with psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Miola Alessandro , Dal Porto Veronica , Tadmor Tal , Croatto Giovanni , Scocco Paolo , Manchia Mirko , Carvalho Andre F. , Maes Michael , Vieta Eduard , Sambataro Fabio , Solmi Marco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveSuicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Identifying factors associated with suicidality (suicidal ideation [SI]/suicidal behavior) could increase our understanding of the pathophysiological underpinnings of suicide and improve its prevention.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review (PubMed/PsycInfo/Cochrane databases, up to September 2020) and random‐effect meta‐analysis including observational studies comparing peripheral C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels in suicidal versus non‐suicidal patients affected by any psychiatric disorder and healthy controls (HC). Primary outcome was the CRP standardized mean difference (SMD) between patients with high suicidality versus those with absent or low suicidality. Secondary outcomes were SMD of CRP levels between those with suicide attempt versus no suicide attempt, as well as between those with (high) versus low or absent SI. Quality of included studies was measured with Newcastle‐Ottawa scale.ResultsOut of initial 550 references, 21 observational studies involving 7682 subjects (7445 with mood disorders or first‐episode psychosis, 237 HC) were included. A significant association of CRP levels with suicidality (SMD 0.688, 95% CI 0.476–0.9, p < 0.001) emerged. CRP levels were higher in individuals with high SI (SMD 1.145, 95% CI 0.273–2.018, p = 0.010) and in those with suicide attempt (SMD 0.549, 95%CI 0.363–0.735, p < 0.001) than non‐suicidal individuals (either patients or HC). Main analyses were confirmed in sensitivity analysis (removing HC), and after adjusting for publication bias. The cross‐sectional design of included studies, and the high heterogeneity of diagnosis and treatment limit the generalizability of these results. Median quality of included studies was high.ConclusionCRP is associated with higher suicidality in patients with mental disorders. Large cohort studies longitudinally monitoring CRP levels are needed to explore its longitudinal association with suicidality.
Genome‐wide epistatic interactions of litter size at birth in Chinese indigenous pigs
Authors: Chen Z. , Li Y. , Zhang Z. , Zhao W. , Zhang Z. , Xiang Y. , Wang Q. , Pan Y. , Guo X. , Wang Z. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryImproving litter size at birth (TNB) and the number of piglets born alive (NBA) are the main breeding goals related to litter traits, which are economically important. A better understanding of genetic architecture underlying TNB and NBA traits could increase pig production efficiency. However, most previous studies on these traits focus on additive genetic effects, while epistatic interactions underlying TNB and NBA traits has not yet been well investigated, which are essential to understand how traits‐related genes interact. Herein, we conducted genome scans of epistatic interactions underlying TNB and NBA traits in a total of 150 Chinese indigenous pigs (75 Jinhua and 75 Shengxian Spotted pigs) with high throughput genomic data. Based on SNPs with high interaction values and connectivity scores, we identified eight promising candidate genes (AKT2, TSC1, MTOR, PIK3R5, TIAM1, FGF14, RALB and ROR2) potentially associated with litter traits in pigs. Moreover, the underlying pathways, e.g., calcium ion transport, pointed out their roles in litter size‐related traits. Our findings provide new insight into genetic architecture of litter traits in pigs and will benefit economic profits in pig production.
Anna Karenina and the two envelopes problem
Authors: Gill R. D. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe Anna Karenina principle is named after the opening sentence in the eponymous novel: Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. The two envelopes problem (TEP) is a much‐studied paradox in probability theory, mathematical economics, logic and philosophy. Time and again a new analysis is published in which an author claims finally to explain what actually goes wrong in this paradox. Each author (the present author included) emphasises what is new in their approach and concludes that earlier approaches did not get to the root of the matter. We observe that though a logical argument is only correct if every step is correct, an apparently logical argument which goes astray can be thought of as going astray at different places. This leads to a comparison between the literature on TEP and a successful movie franchise: it generates a succession of sequels, and even prequels, each with a different director who approaches the same basic premise in a personal way. We survey resolutions in the literature with a view to synthesis, correct common errors, and give a new theorem on order properties of an exchangeable pair of random variables, at the heart of most TEP variants and interpretations. A theorem on asymptotic independence between the amount in your envelope and the question whether it is smaller or larger shows that the pathological situation of improper priors or infinite expectation values has consequences as we merely approach such a situation.
What is the effective sample size of a spatial point process?
Authors: Renner Ian W. , Warton David I. , Hui Francis K.C. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryPoint process models are a natural approach for modelling data that arise as point events. In the case of Poisson counts, these may be fitted easily as a weighted Poisson regression. Point processes lack the notion of sample size. This is problematic for model selection, because various classical criteria such as the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) are a function of the sample size,n, and are derived in an asymptotic framework wherentends to infinity. In this paper, we develop an asymptotic result for Poisson point process models in which the observed number of point events,m, plays the role that sample size does in the classical regression context. Following from this result, we derive a version of BIC for point process models, and when fitted via penalised likelihood, conditions for the LASSO penalty that ensure consistency in estimation and the oracle property. We discuss challenges extending these results to the wider class of Gibbs models, of which the Poisson point process model is a special case.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: effects of implementing a nutrition support team for in‐hospital parenteral nutrition
Authors: Eriksen Marcel Kjærsgaard , Crooks Benjamin , Baunwall Simon Mark Dahl , Rud Charlotte Lock , Lal Simon , Hvas Christian Lodberg 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundNutrition support teams (NST) may improve parenteral nutrition (PN) outcomes. No previous systematic review has provided conclusive data on catheter‐related infection (CRI) occurrence after NST introduction, nor have previous studies performed meta‐analysis or graded the evidence.AimsTo systematically evaluate the effects of implementing an NST for hospitalised adults on PN and compare these with standard care.MethodsThis was a systematic review and meta‐analysis, pre‐registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020218094). On November 24, 2020, PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Clinical Key were searched. Clinical trials and observational studies with a standard care comparator were included. Primary outcome was relative reduction in CRI rate. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to estimate effects, and evidence was rated using Cochrane and GRADE methodologies.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies with 8166 patients were included. Across 10 studies, NST introduction reduced the CRI rate (IRR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.19‐0.53) with −8 (95% CI: −12 to −5) episodes per 1000 catheter days compared with standard care. Hypophosphataemia occurred less frequently (IRD = −12%, 95% CI: −24% to −1%) and 30‐day mortality decreased (IRD = −6%, 95% CI: −11% to −1%). Inappropriate PN use decreased, both judged by indication (IRD = −18%, 95% CI: −28% to −9%) and duration (IRD = −21%, 95% CI: −33% to −9%). Evidence was rated very low to moderate.ConclusionsThis study documents the clinical impact of introducing an NST, with moderate‐grade evidence for the reduction of CRI occurrence compared with standard care. Further, NST introduction significantly reduced metabolic complications, mortality, and inappropriate PN use.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: neoplasia detection rate and post‐endoscopy Barrett's neoplasia in Barrett's oesophagus
Authors: Hamade Nour , Kamboj Amrit K. , Krishnamoorthi Rajesh , Singh Siddharth , Hassett Leslie C. , Katzka David A. , Kahi Charles J. , Fatima Hala , Iyer Prasad G. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundNeoplasia detection rate, the proportion of Barrett's oesophagus patients with high‐grade dysplasia or oesophageal adenocarcinoma detected at index surveillance endoscopy has been proposed as a quality metric. However, the correlation between neoplasia detection rate and a clinically relevant outcome like post‐endoscopy Barrett's neoplasia remains unknown. Post‐endoscopy Barrett's neoplasia refers to the rate of high‐grade dysplasia or oesophageal adenocarcinoma on repeat endoscopy within one year of an index screening examination revealing non‐dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus or low‐grade dysplasia.AimTo assess correlation between neoplasia detection rate and post‐endoscopy Barrett's neoplasia.MethodsWe performed a systematic search of multiple databases from date of inception to June 2021 to identify cohort studies reporting both neoplasia detection rate and post‐endoscopy Barrett's neoplasia. Data from each study were pooled using a random effects model, and their correlation assessed using meta‐regression. Heterogeneity was assessed and a priori planned subgroup analyses were conducted.ResultsTen studies with 27 894 patients with Barrett's oesophagus were included. The pooled neoplasia detection rate and post‐endoscopy Barrett's neoplasia were 5.0% (95% CI: 3.4%‐7.1%, I2 = 97%) and 19.6% (95% CI: 10.1%‐34.7%, I2 = 96%), respectively. Meta‐regression revealed a statistically significant inverse relationship between the two variables (coefficient −3.50, 95% CI: −4.63 to −2.37, P < 0.01). With every 1% increase of neoplasia detection rate, post‐endoscopy Barrett's neoplasia decreased by 3.50%. Heterogeneity was high despite adjusting for study quality and performing several subgroup analyses.ConclusionWe observed a statistically significant inverse correlation between neoplasia detection rate and post‐endoscopy Barrett's neoplasia. Additional studies are needed to further validate this correlation.
Intradermal lipopolysaccharide challenge as an acute in vivo inflammatory model in healthy volunteers
Authors: Buters Thomas P. , Hameeteman Pieter W. , Jansen Iris M. E. , van Hindevoort Floris C. , ten Voorde Wouter , Florencia Edwin , Osse Michelle , de Kam Marieke L. , Grievink Hendrika W. , Schoonakker Mascha , Patel Amit A. , Yona Simon , Gilroy Derek W. , Lubberts Erik , Damman Jeffrey , Feiss Gary , Rissmann Robert , Jansen Manon A. A. , Burggraaf Jacobus , Moerland Matthijs 
Published: July 2021

AimsWhereas intravenous administration of Toll‐like receptor 4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to human volunteers is frequently used in clinical pharmacology studies, systemic use of LPS has practical limitations. We aimed to characterize the intradermal LPS response in healthy volunteers, and as such qualify the method as local inflammation model for clinical pharmacology studies.MethodsEighteen healthy male volunteers received 2 or 4 intradermal 5 ng LPS injections and 1 saline injection on the forearms. The LPS response was evaluated by noninvasive (perfusion, skin temperature and erythema) and invasive assessments (cellular and cytokine responses) in skin biopsy and blister exudate.ResultsLPS elicited a visible response and returned to baseline at 48 hours. Erythema, perfusion and temperature were statistically significant (P < .0001) over a 24‐hour time course compared to saline. The protein response was dominated by an acute interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8 and tumour necrosis factor response followed by IL‐1β, IL‐10 and interferon‐γ. The cellular response consisted of an acute neutrophil influx followed by different monocyte subsets and dendritic cells.DiscussionIntradermal LPS administration in humans causes an acute, localized and transient inflammatory reaction that is well‐tolerated by healthy volunteers. This may be a valuable inflammation model for evaluating the pharmacological activity of anti‐inflammatory investigational compounds in proof of pharmacology studies.
A meta‐analysis of the effects of social‐cognitive training in schizophrenia: The role of treatment characteristics and study quality
Authors: Yeo Hyewon , Yoon Seowon , Lee Joohee , Kurtz Matthew M. , Choi Keehong 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesThis meta‐analysis was designed to assess the effects of social‐cognitive training (SCT) and whether study quality, treatment approach, treatment context, and sample characteristics influence these effects.MethodsElectronic databases were searched up to 5 August 2020 using variants of keywords: ‘social cognition’, ‘training’, ‘rehabilitation’, ‘remediation’, and ‘schizophrenia’. Methodological moderators were extracted through the Clinical Trials Assessment Measure and verified by authors. This study was pre‐registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020154026).ResultsForty‐two controlled trials with 1,868 participants were identified. The meta‐analysis revealed moderate effects on emotion recognition, mental state attribution, and social perception. No significant effects were evident on psychiatric symptoms or social functioning. A small signal was evident for the generalization of treatment gains to executive function. Moderator analyses revealed that studies of lower methodological quality reported larger effects, and samples with lower mean years of education were associated with larger effects of SCT on mental state attribution. Treatment effects did not differ by other moderator variables such as treatment context and intervention types.ConclusionsSCT benefits people with schizophrenia on a variety of social‐cognitive outcomes. Differences in baseline symptoms, gender distribution, antipsychotic medication dose, IQ, and other sample features did not create barriers to treatment benefits. Future studies should aim to enhance the generalization of training effects on broader clinical outcomes.
Global union federations on affiliates’ websites: Forces shaping unions’ global organisational identity
Authors: Frangi Lorenzo , Zhang Tingting 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAffiliates’ sense of oneness in a Global Union Federation (GUF) is pivotal for that GUF to be able to counter the forces of globalisation. We argue that GUF saliency in affiliates’ identity is the microfoundation of this sense of oneness. We examine this facet of identity by analysing the contents of the websites of 2314 affiliates of four major GUFs. Our three‐step study explores the extent to which and why GUFs’ saliency varies across affiliates. First, we compute a GUF saliency index score for each affiliate based on its website contents. Second, we examine the impact of macro‐institutional characteristics (national employment relations and socioeconomic characteristics) on the GUF saliency score. Finally, focusing on one GUF, Public Service International and drawing on 19 semi‐structured interviews in 16 countries across six world regions, we highlight appeal and relationships, and especially their joint effect, as fundamental forces to explain the variations between affiliates. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for GUF debate and policies.