bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demand without Supply: Populist Attitudes without Salient Supply-Side Factors of Populism
Authors: Medeiros Mike 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPopulism's electoral success has been linked to socio-economic crises and to inflammatory political discourse. However, little is known of populist attitudes in contexts in which these supply-side factors are not salient. The present article diverges from the conception of populism that sees it as being activated or fuelled by contextual factors and, rather, conceives populism as an ideological attitudinal dimension that can have an impact on vote choice when supply-side factors are not salient. Using the particular context of the 2015 Canadian federal election as a case to test this theory, empirical analyses support this conception of populism by demonstrating that populist attitudes can be relatively prominent and even impact vote choice in a setting in which the traditional supply-side factors to activate or fuel populism are not salient. Ultimately, populism is shown to be an important demand-side attitudinal dimension even when there is little or no fertile ground for it.
EXEMPLARITY AND POLITICS OF MEMORY: THE RECOVERY OF THE PIRAEUS BY OLYMPIODOROS OF ATHENS
Authors: Iacoviello Antonio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe article discusses Pausanias’ obscure statement (1.26.3) that the early Hellenistic Athenian general Olympiodoros ‘recovered the Piraeus and Mounychia’. By understanding the feat as an episode within the wider context of the Athenian stasis of 295 between the ‘tyrant’ Lachares and Olympiodoros’ democratic resistance, the article shows that the narrative of the enterprise (most likely based on an honorific decree) aimed to i) establish a parallel between Olympiodoros and the illustrious democratic recovery by Thrasyboulos, ii) rehabilitate Olympiodoros as a democratic hero after his involvement in the oligarchic years of the second regime of Demetrios Poliorketes in Athens, and iii) serve as a call to action to recover the Piraeus, which was under Macedonian control when the honours were bestowed.
A 3-phase approach based on sequential mining and dependency parsing for enhancing hypernym patterns performance
Authors: Issa Alaa Aldine Ahmad , Harzallah Mounira , Berio Giuseppe , Béchet Nicolas , Faour Ahmad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPatterns have been extensively used to extract hypernym relations from texts. The most popular patterns are Hearst’s patterns, formulated as regular expressions mainly based on lexical information. Experiences have reported good precision and low recall for such patterns. Thus, several approaches have been developed for improving recall. While these approaches perform better in terms of recall, it remains quite difficult to further increase recall without degrading precision. In this paper, we propose a novel 3-phase approach based on sequential pattern mining to improve pattern-based approaches in terms of both precision and recall by (i) using a rich pattern representation based on grammatical dependencies (ii) discovering new hypernym patterns, and (iii) extending hypernym patterns with anti-hypernym patterns to prune wrong extracted hypernym relations. The results obtained by performing experiments on three corpora confirm that using our approach, we are able to learn sequential patterns and combine them to outperform existing hypernym patterns in terms of precision and recall. The comparison to unsupervised distributional baselines for hypernym detection shows that, as expected, our approach yields much better performance. When compared to supervised distributional baselines for hypernym detection, our approach can be shown to be complementary and much less loosely coupled with training datasets and corpora.
Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in educational institutions, August to December 2020, Germany
Authors: Schoeps Anja , Hoffmann Dietmar , Tamm Claudia , Vollmer Bianca , Haag Sabine , Kaffenberger Tina , Ferguson-Beiser Kimberly , Kohlhase-Griebel Berit , Basenach Silke , Missal Andrea , Höfling Katja , Michels Harald , Schall Anett , Kappes Holger , Vogt Manfred , Jahn Klaus , Bärnighausen Till , Zanger Philipp 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study aims at providing estimates on the transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 in schools and day-care centres. We calculated secondary attack rates (SARs) using individual-level data from state-wide mandatory notification of index cases in educational institutions, followed by contact tracing and PCR-testing of high-risk contacts. From August to December 2020, every sixth of overall 784 independent index cases was associated with secondary cases in educational institutions. Monitoring of 14 594 institutional high-risk contacts (89% PCR-tested) of 441 index cases during quarantine revealed 196 secondary cases (SAR 1.34%, 0.99–1.78). SARS-CoV-2 infection among high-risk contacts was more likely around teacher-indexes compared to student-/child-indexes (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 3.17, 1.79–5.59), and in day-care centres compared to secondary schools (IRR 3.23, 1.76–5.91), mainly due to clusters around teacher-indexes in day-care containing a higher mean number of secondary cases per index case (142/113 = 1.26) than clusters around student-indexes in schools (82/474 = 0.17). In 2020, SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk in educational settings was low overall, but varied strongly between setting and role of the index case, indicating the chance for targeted intervention. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in educational institutions can powerfully inform public health policy and improve educational justice during the pandemic.
Predictors of behavioural and emotional outcomes in toddlers with congenital heart disease
Authors: Jilek Elizabeth , Shields Ashley , Zhang Liyun , Simpson Pippa , Bear Laurel , Martins Sydney Allen , Mussatto Kathleen A. , Brosig Cheryl L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectives:Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for psychological challenges, including internalising (e.g., depression, anxiety) and externalising (e.g., aggression, inattention) problems. The present study aimed to investigate the development of psychological concerns in early childhood by identifying predictors of behavioural and emotional problems in toddlers with CHD.Methods:Children with CHD who were seen for neurodevelopmental (ND) evaluation at 12 ± 3 months of age, who completed the Bayley Scales of Infant Development–III (BSID-III) and whose parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), a standardised measure of emotional/behavioural problems at age 24–36 months, were included in the study (n = 144). CBCL scores were compared to test norms and classified as normal or abnormal. A classification tree was used to assess the association between CBCL scores and demographic and clinical variables.Results:Multi-variable tree analyses revealed lower BSID-III language composite scores at age 9–15 months predicted clinical CBCL internalising (p < 0.001), externalising (p = 0.004) and total scores (p < 0.001) at age 24–36 months. Lower maternal education levels also predicted clinical CBCL internalising (p < 0.0001), externalising (p < 0.001) and total scores (p < 0.0001).Conclusions:Lower language abilities and lower maternal education predict increased behavioural and emotional problems in toddlers with CHD. These risk factors should be considered during routine ND evaluations to allow for earlier identification of children with CHD and their families who may benefit from psychological support.
Impact of Glyphosate-Roundup® in the Ileal Structure of Male and Female Rats: A Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Saleh Shaimaa MM , Elghareeb Tasneem A , Atia Mona M , Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The current study was aimed to evaluate the effects of variable doses of the weedicide glyphosate on the ileal (the final section of the small intestine) structure of rats of both sexes, using histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural methods. Forty animals were classified into four groups of 10 animals per group (five males and five females). The first group acted as a control, and the remaining groups were treated with glyphosate-Roundup® 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight daily for 15 days. The results indicated extinct histopathological changes manifested in the deformation of villi, foci of leukocytic infiltration in the core of villi, and hyperplasia of goblet cells. Histochemical examination (Alcian blue and Periodic acid–Schiff stain) revealed a strong positive reaction of goblet cells and an increase in their number in all treated groups. In addition, the immunohistochemical investigation revealed the immunoreactivity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Furthermore, electron microscopic alternations were represented by the deformation of nuclei, destruction of microvilli, and deposition of lipid droplets. Collectively, the present findings indicate that treatment with glyphosate results in extensive morphological alternations to the ileal structure of rats of both sexes and that female rats are more affected than male rats are.
Early Neoproterozoic Accretion at the Northern Margin of the Chottanagpur Gneiss Complex, Eastern India
Authors: Sequeira Nicole , Bhattacharya Abhijit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe study based on structural mapping, monazite chemical age determinations and analyses of P–T pseudosections explores the hitherto undocumented accretion dynamics of the northern margin of the Chottanagpur Gneiss Complex (CGC), Eastern India. In the Gaya‐Chatra‐Koderma sector straddling the northern margin of the CGC, the CGC block comprises a shallow‐dipping carapace of 1.5–1.4 Ga and 1.0–0.9 Ga mylonitized granitoids, intrusive into 1.6–1.5 Ga anatectic basement gneisses, and supracrustal rocks inter‐leaved with recumbently folded gneisses. The carapace, structurally overlying the steeply dipping high‐T fabrics in the basement anatectic gneisses exposed in the tectonic windows, formed due to top‐to‐the‐north thrusting of the allochthonous CGC supracrustal rocks over the ∼1.7 Ga undeformed granitoids and steeply dipping greenschist‐facies metamorphic rocks (∼1.8 Ga) in the northern block. Continued N‐S shortening caused steeply dipping ENE‐striking sinistral and ESE‐striking dextral shear zones that locally modify former structures in the CGC foreland. P–T pseudosection analyses indicate that locally developed Early Neoproterozoic garnet‐bearing leucosomes in a hornblende‐biotite granitoid formed by lower crustal decompression melting, whereas the structurally overlying mica schist in the shallow‐dipping carapace experienced mid‐crustal loading. We suggest the accretion strain accommodated by the foreland thrusts were contemporaneous with extensional detachment zones that exposed lower parts of the thickened orogen. The tectonic events in the CGC appear to correlate poorly with those in the Capricorn Orogen and the Albany Fraser Orogen in Western Australia.
Depth‐Resolved Net Primary Production in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: A Comparison of Satellite and Profiling Float Estimates in the Context of Two Marine Heatwaves
Authors: Long J. S. , Fassbender A. J. , Estapa M. L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMethods commonly used to estimate net primary production (NPP) from satellite observations are now being applied to biogeochemical (BGC) profiling float observations. Insights can be gained from regional differences in float and satellite NPP estimates that reveal gaps in our understanding and guide future NPP model development. We use 7 years of BGC profiling float data from the Northeast Pacific Ocean to quantify discrepancies between float and satellite NPP estimates and decompose them into contributions associated with the platform sensing method and depth resolution of observations. We find small, systematic seasonal discrepancies in the depth‐integrated NPP (iNPP) but much larger (>±100%) discrepancies in depth‐resolved NPP. Annual iNPP estimates from the two platforms are significantly, positively correlated, suggesting that they similarly track interannual variability in the study region. Using the long‐term satellite iNPP record, we identify elevated annual iNPP during two recent marine heatwaves and gain insights about ecosystem functionality.
Effects of Subauroral Polarization Streams on the Equatorial Electrojet During the Geomagnetic Storm on June 1, 2013
Authors: Zhang Kedeng , Wang Hui , Yamazaki Yosuke , Xiong Chao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, the effect of disturbance dynamo electric field (DDEF) induced by subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) on the variations of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and its counter electrojet (CEJ) during the geomagnetic storm on June 1, 2013 is analyzed in detail for the first time. Observations from ground‐based magnetometers showed that the SAPS‐induced EEJ flows westward and eastward in the daytime and dawn/dusk sectors, respectively. The effects of SAPS on EEJ are mainly associated with the changes of zonal ionospheric electric field, while the changes in the ionospheric conductivity play a secondary role. By using Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation Model simulations, the zonal electric field induced by SAPS associated with the DDEF is examined. The results of the simulations show that the DDEF has a significant impact on the EEJ variability. The daytime westward EEJ at the dip equator is mainly driven by disturbance zonal wind, with secondary contributions from disturbance meridional wind. A similar mechanism can be observed in the dawn/dusk sector when the eastward EEJ is produced; however, it has a much weaker intensity than that during the daytime.
How do Laboratory Friction Parameters Compare With Observed Fault Slip and Geodetically Derived Friction Parameters? Insights From the Longitudinal Valley Fault, Taiwan
Authors: den Hartog S. A. M. , Thomas M. Y. , Faulkner D. R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLaboratory measurements of constitutive frictional parameters are commonly inferred to explain the wide variety of slip behavior seen on natural faults. The extent to which these small‐scale measurements directly relate to fault slip behavior remains obscure. In this work, we compare laboratory‐determined frictional parameters on surface‐derived samples from along the length of the Longitudinal Valley Fault (LVF) in Taiwan with the observed slip behavior and with frictional parameters obtained geodetically. The LVF displays partially locked and creeping sections and a Mw 6.8 event in 2003 produced transient acceleration of slip in the adjacent creeping sections that can be used to determine the frictional parameters for direct comparison with the laboratory‐measured ones. We find that the laboratory‐measured friction parameters are markedly different for samples collected from the creeping and partially locked sections of the fault, the former showing lower friction coefficients and more positive values of the fault stability parameter (a−b). Moreover, values for the product of (a−b) and the effective normal stress, determined geodetically, relate very closely to those measured in the laboratory. Mineralogical and microstructural analyses of the fault gouges show that some mineralogically similar gouges produce distinctly different frictional behavior, and that this may be related to the presence and distribution of kaolinite. We conclude overall that upscaling of laboratory measurements of fault frictional properties appears to reflect well the large‐scale slip behavior of faults.
Investigating the Causes and Impacts of Convective Aggregation in a High Resolution Atmospheric GCM
Authors: Zhang Bosong , Soden Brian J. , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Yang Wenchang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA ∼50 km resolution atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) is used to investigate the impact of radiative interactions on spatial organization of convection, the model's mean state, and extreme precipitation events in the presence of realistic boundary conditions. Mechanism‐denial experiments are performed in which synoptic‐scale feedbacks between radiation and dynamics are suppressed by overwriting the model‐generated atmospheric radiative cooling rates with its monthly varying climatological values. When synoptic‐scale radiative interactions are disabled, the annual mean circulation and precipitation remain almost unchanged, however tropical convection becomes less aggregated, with an increase in cloud fraction and relative humidity in the free troposphere but a decrease in both variables in the boundary layer. Changes in cloud fraction and relative humidity in the boundary layer exhibit more sensitivity to the presence of radiative interactions than variations in the degree of aggregation. The less aggregated state is associated with a decrease in the frequency of extreme precipitation events, coincident with a decrease in the dynamical contribution to the magnitude of extreme precipitation. At regional scales, the spatial contrast in radiative cooling between dry and moist regions diminishes when radiative interactions are suppressed, reducing the upgradient transport of energy, degree of aggregation, and frequency of extreme precipitation events. However, the mean width of the tropical rain belt remains almost unaffected when radiative interactions are disabled. These results offer insights into how radiation‐circulation coupling affects the spatial organization of convection, distributions of clouds and humidity, and weather extremes.
A Forearc Stratigraphic Response to Cretaceous Plateau Collision and Slab Detachment, South Island, New Zealand
Authors: Gardiner Nathan P. , Hall Mike W. D. , Cawood Peter A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSedimentary successions deposited within arc‐trench gaps (forearcs) record topographic oscillations related to subduction tectonism. The collision of oceanic plateaus can inhibit normal subduction and induce detachment of the subducted oceanic lithosphere (slab), leading to subduction translation or shut‐down. Such second‐order subduction processes complicate the stratigraphic record making discrete events difficult to resolve, as preserved examples are rare and typically overprinted by deformation. We compiled and averaged (stacked) top subduction wedge (Pahau Terrane) subsidence and paleo‐water depth curves from 30 locations containing mid‐Cretaceous forearc successions in Marlborough, New Zealand. Subsidence curve stacking proved effective in removing deformation due to normal subduction, allowing for resolution of higher order plate‐margin events. The stacked curves reveal a synchronous topographic oscillation affecting over 100 km of the paleo‐coastline between 110 and 95 Ma, which penetrated almost 250 km into the forearc hinterland and created up to 3 km of accommodation space. Topographic drawdown and highstand deposition from 110 Ma were followed by rebound and volcanism by 98 Ma, a response to regional tectonism that was compared to theoretical predictions for ridge and plateau collision. We conclude that plate flexure, and slab extension and tearing reasonably account for the synchronous topographic oscillation observed, which we attribute to Hikurangi Plateau collision. We postulate that collision began east of Marlborough along the present day Chatham Rise from 110 Ma, producing topographic upheaval and disruption of adjacent sedimentary systems. Sediments deposited contemporaneously along the margin preserve a record of these events and provide a rare insight into evolving mid‐Cretaceous plate dynamics.
Resolving the Cenozoic History of Rock Exhumation Along the Central Rocky Mountain Trench Using Apatite Low‐Temperature Thermochronology
Authors: Fraser K. I. , Enkelmann E. , Jess S. , Gilbert H. , Grieco R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Rocky Mountain Trench (RMT) extends through the Canadian Cordillera from the Yukon to northwest Montana. The RMT's impressive length and continuous nature have been interpreted to be the result of faulting, and localized erosion, along a continent‐scale zone of crustal weakness located beneath the RMT, possibly associated with the ancient continental margin. Despite the continuous nature of the RMT, its kinematics vary along strike from dextral strike‐slip faults in the north to normal faults in the south. The central RMT is thought to be the transition between these two structural zones. We use low‐temperature thermochronology to compare the cooling histories across the central RMT in eastern British Columbia. We report apatite fission track ages from 23 samples and apatite (U‐Th)/He ages from 25 samples along with thermal‐history models. Our results reveal three phases of rapid cooling that followed the Cretaceous‐Paleocene cordilleran thrusting in the Eocene, the early–mid Miocene, and from the late Miocene to recent. We find that the Malton Gneiss Complex exhumed as a horst structure 20–10 Ma bounded by the North Thompson Albreda Fault and the RMT. Normal faulting along the NTAF continued in the late Miocene as well as west side down normal faulting along the RMT. Our data suggest that extends along the southern RMT continued northward to at least this portion of the central RMT in multiple episodes during the Cenozoic. We suggest transtension occurred in our study area that was driven by orogenic collapse and lithospheric mantle delamination.
Polarisation optics for biomedical and clinical applications: a review
Authors: He Chao , He Honghui , Chang Jintao , Chen Binguo , Ma Hui , Booth Martin J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany polarisation techniques have been harnessed for decades in biological and clinical research, each based upon measurement of the vectorial properties of light or the vectorial transformations imposed on light by objects. Various advanced vector measurement/sensing techniques, physical interpretation methods, and approaches to analyse biomedically relevant information have been developed and harnessed. In this review, we focus mainly on summarising methodologies and applications related to tissue polarimetry, with an emphasis on the adoption of the Stokes–Mueller formalism. Several recent breakthroughs, development trends, and potential multimodal uses in conjunction with other techniques are also presented. The primary goal of the review is to give the reader a general overview in the use of vectorial information that can be obtained by polarisation optics for applications in biomedical and clinical research.