bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An end‐to‐end trusted architecture for network slicing in 5G and beyond networks
Authors: Ben Saad Sabra , Ksentini Adlen , Brik Bouziane 
Published: September 2021

Abstract5G opens the door not only for new network services but also for a new business model involving new business actors. Particularly, the introduction of Network Slicing encourages the appearance of new stakeholders, namely Verticals or network slice tenants, Network Slice Providers, and Resource Providers. The Network Slice Provider sells end‐to‐end network slices (virtual end‐to‐end mobile network) to the Vertical, while leasing virtual and physical resources from Resource Providers to deploy and instantiate these end‐to‐end network slices. Consequently, a trusted relationship among these actors should be established and maintained. To fill this gap, in this paper, we propose a Blockchain‐based trust architecture that aims to: (1) create and negotiate the deployment of an end‐to‐end slice network; (2) manage automatically the service level agreements (SLA) established between the involved actors; while guaranteeing security and anonymous transactions.
Bergenin alleviates H2O2‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells: Involvement of the PPAR‐γ/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Zhang Gaofeng , Wang Hai , Zhang Qianxi , Zhao Zhengyu , Zhu Wenyang , Zuo Xiaohua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBergenin is a C‐glucoside of 4‐O‐methyl gallic acid with a variety of biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory. Herein, we investigated the involvement of bergenin in the protective effect against H2O2‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs) and the underlying mechanisms. HNPCs were cotreated with various concentrations of bergenin and 200 μM H2O2 for 24 h. Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit‐8 and lactate dehydrogenase release assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated utilizing 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein‐diacetate. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured to assess oxidative stress. Apoptosis was evaluated using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and caspase‐3/7 activity assays. Expression of protein was determined by western blotting. Results indicated that treatment with bergenin significantly alleviated H2O2‐induced viability reduction and ROS overproduction in HNPCs in a dose‐dependent manner. Bergenin alleviated H2O2‐induced oxidative stress in HNPCs by increased activity of superoxide dismutase and level of glutathione peroxidase. H2O2‐induced apoptosis and activity of caspase‐3/7 were also suppressed by bergenin treatment in HNPCs. Western blotting showed that H2O2‐induced decrease in expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPAR‐γ) and increase in nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) were inhibited by bergenin. However, the inhibitory effect of bergenin on H2O2‐induced viability reduction, oxidative stress and apoptosis were noticeably abrogated in PPAR‐γ knockdown HNPCs. In conclusion, our results indicated that bergenin alleviates H2O2‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HNPCs by activating PPAR‐γ and suppressing NF‐κB pathway.
Quantitative trait loci for yellow rust resistance in spring wheat doubled haploid populations developed from the German Federal ex situ genebank genetic resources
Authors: Draz Ibrahim S. , Serfling Albrecht , Muqaddasi Quddoos H. , Röder Marion S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNovel resistance sources to the pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, which causes yellow rust (stripe rust), a widespread devastating foliar disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), are in demand. Here, we tested two doubled haploid (DH) spring wheat populations derived from the genetic resources for resistance to yellow rust in field trials in Germany and Egypt. Additionally, we performed tests for all‐stage resistance (seedling resistance). We performed linkage mapping based on 15k Infinium SNP chip genotyping data that resulted in 3,567 and 3,457 polymorphic markers for DH Population 1 (103 genotypes) and DH Population 2 (148 genotypes), respectively. In DH Population 1, we identified a major and consistent quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 1B that explained up to 28 and 39% of the phenotypic variation in the field and seedling tests, respectively. The favorable allele was contributed by the line ‘TRI‐5645’, a landrace from Iran, and is most probably the yellow rust resistance (Yr) gene Yr10. In DH Population 2, the favorable allele of a major QTL on chromosome 6B was contributed by the line ‘TRI‐5310’, representing the variety ‘Eureke’ from France. This QTL was mainly effective in the German environments and explained up to 36% of the phenotypic variation. In Egypt, however, only a moderate resistance QTL was identified in the field tests and no resistance QTL was observed in the seedling tests. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of genetic resources to identify novel sources of resistance to yellow rust, including the “Warrior” race PstS10.
The application of metacommunity theory to the management of riverine ecosystems
Authors: Patrick Christopher J. , Anderson Kurt E. , Brown Brown L. , Hawkins Charles P. , Metcalfe Anya , Saffarinia Parsa , Siqueira Tadeu , Swan Christopher M. , Tonkin Jonathan D. , Yuan Lester L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRiver managers strive to use the best available science to sustain biodiversity and ecosystem function. To achieve this goal requires consideration of processes at different scales. Metacommunity theory describes how multiple species from different communities potentially interact with local‐scale environmental drivers to influence population dynamics and community structure. However, this body of knowledge has only rarely been used to inform management practices for river ecosystems. In this article, we present a conceptual model outlining how the metacommunity processes of local niche sorting and dispersal can influence the outcomes of management interventions and provide a series of specific recommendations for applying these ideas as well as research needs. In all cases, we identify situations where traditional approaches to riverine management could be enhanced by incorporating an understanding of metacommunity dynamics. A common theme is developing guidelines for assessing the metacommunity context of a site or region, evaluating how that context may affect the desired outcome, and incorporating that understanding into the planning process and methods used. To maximize the effectiveness of management activities, scientists, and resource managers should update the toolbox of approaches to riverine management to reflect theoretical advances in metacommunity ecology.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Water and Life > Methods
Mitochondrial RNA, a new trigger of the innate immune system
Authors: Grochowska Joanna , Czerwinska Jolanta , Borowski Lukasz S. , Szczesny Roman J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMitochondria play a pivotal role in numerous cellular processes. One of them is regulation of the innate immune pathway. In this instance, mitochondria function in two different aspects of regulatory mechanisms. First, mitochondria are part of the antiviral signaling cascade that is triggered in the cytoplasm and transmitted to effector proteins through mitochondria‐localized proteins. Second, mitochondria can become an endogenous source of innate immune stimuli. Under some pathophysiological conditions, mitochondria release to the cytoplasm immunogenic factors, such as mitochondrial nucleic acids. Here, we focus on immunogenic mitochondrial double‐stranded RNA (mt‐dsRNA) and its origin and metabolism. We discuss factors that are responsible for regulating mt‐dsRNA and its escape from mitochondria, emphasizing the contribution of polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase, PNPT1). Finally, we review current knowledge of the role of PNPase in human health and disease.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Key Findings and Preliminary Conclusions
Authors: Getoš Kalac Anna-Maria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLike with any research, at the end of the day, or in our case, at the end of the book, one contemplates about “What did we find out?” This chapter explores that question with regard to the BHS and its key findings as well as current (lethal) violence research in more general terms. After a critical assessment of whether and how the BHS’s key findings provide answers to the research questions we put before us, the challenge of capturing and measuring the physics of (lethal) violence shall be briefly discussed. The chapter at hand thus includes a selection of the study’s key findings on the two different lines of research we had in mind when designing the BHS: the normative construction and the empirical realities of (lethal) violence in the Balkans. This is closely related to a few concluding remarks about the definability, measurability, severity, and “homicidality” of violence. The aim is to highlight the underutilized potential of criminological violence research in the context of criminology’s transdisciplinary nature. The chances and limitations of future (lethal) violence research and its prevention, at least in my opinion, first and foremost depend on our willingness and ability to fundamentally innovate the scientific way in which we think about and look at violence.
Personalisiertes Lernen als pädagogisch-psychologisches didaktisches Konzept
Authors: Galle Marco 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungIm vorhergehenden Abschnitt 2.3 wurde bereits angedeutet, dass zurzeit kein einheitliches Verständnis von den Funktionen, Inhalten und Zwecken personalisierten Lernens vorliegt (Chiosso, 2012; OECD, 2006; Prain et al., 2013). Wie in Abschnitt 1.1 einleitend festgehalten wurde, wird personalisiertes Lernen deshalb auch als mehrere Dimensionen beinhaltender „Container-Begriff“ (Stebler et al., 2017, S. 5) oder „umbrella term“ (Kallick & Zmuda, 2017, S. 2) bezeichnet. So nehmen Autorinnen und Autoren, die den Begriff verwenden, in unterschiedlicher Gewichtung Bezug auf etablierte pädagogische Ziele und didaktische Konzepte wie zum Beispiel innere Differenzierung (u. a. Klafki & Stöcker, 1976), Individualisierung (u. a. Bräu, 2005), individuelle Förderung (Klieme & Warwas, 2011) oder die bereits oben beschriebenen erweiterten Lehr- und Lernformen respektive Formen des offenen Unterrichts (u. a. Peschel, 2003).
Thermal real scalar triplet dark matter
Authors: Katayose Taisuke , Matsumoto Shigeki , Shirai Satoshi , Watanabe Yu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Real scalar triplet dark matter, which is known to be an attractive candidate for a thermal WIMP, is comprehensively studied paying particular attention to the Sommerfeld effect on the dark matter annihilation caused by the weak interaction and the other interaction between the dark matter and the Higgs boson. We find a parameter region that includes the so-called ‘WIMP-Miracle’ one is still surviving, i.e. it respects all constraints imposed by dark matter searches at collider experiments, underground experiments (direct detection) and astrophysical observations (indirect detection). The region is also found to be efficiently searched for by various near future experiments. In particular, the XENONnT experiment will cover almost the entire parameter region.
Compressible and nonisothermal viscoelastic flow between eccentrically rotating cylinders
Authors: Mackay A. T. , Phillips T. N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA Taylor–Galerkin finite element time marching scheme is derived to numerically simulate the flow of a compressible and nonisothermal viscoelastic liquid between eccentrically rotating cylinders. Numerical approximations to the governing flow and constitutive equations are computed over a custom refined unstructured grid of piecewise linear Galerkin finite elements. An original extension to the DEVSS formulation for compressible fluids is introduced to stabilise solutions of the discrete problem. The predictions of two models: the extended White–Metzner and FENE-P-MP are presented. Comparisons between the torque and load bearing capacity predicted by both models are made over a range of viscoelastic parameters. The results highlight the significant and interacting effects of elasticity and compressibility on journal torque and resultant load, and the stability of the journal bearing system.
Down-regulation of MAPK pathway alleviates TRPV4-mediated trigeminal neuralgia by inhibiting the activation of histone acetylation
Authors: Liu Weidong , Pu Benfang , Liu Mindi , Zhang Xuejun , Zeng Ran 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOur objective of this study is to determine the molecular mechanism of MAPKs (mitogen activated protein kinase systems) on TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4)-mediated trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Partial chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION) ligation model was used in this research. When treated with antagonists of p38, JNK or ERK, the mechanical hyperalgesia threshold, nerve fiber disorder, myelinoclasis, and Schwann cells proliferation could be reversed. RT-PCR (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction), Western blot and IHC (immunohistochemistry) showed that TRPV4 mRNA and protein levels, TRPV4-positive cells and small positive neurons decreased remarkably in TN group treated with antagonists of p38, JNK or ERK. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was performed to discover inhibition of MAPK pathway can down-regulate the expression of HATs (histone acetyltransferases), and up-regulate the expression of HDACs (histone deacetylases) in TN, thus inhibiting histone acetylation. Finally, Western blot was performed to identify the phosphorylation status of p38, JNK and ERK, finding decreased phosphorylation forms in antagonists treated TN groups compared with TN groups. Based on the above investigation method, on a whole, our study showed that down-regulation of MAPK pathway could alleviate TRPV4-mediated trigeminal neuralgia, via inhibiting the activation of histone acetylation.
Optimal Control of Mean Field Equations with Monotone Coefficients and Applications in Neuroscience
Authors: Hocquet Antoine , Vogler Alexander 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe are interested in the optimal control problem associated with certain quadratic cost functionals depending on the solution $$X=X^\alpha $$

X
=

X
α

of the stochastic mean-field type evolution equation in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

$$\begin{aligned} dX_t=b(t,X_t,{\mathcal {L}}(X_t),\alpha _t)dt+\sigma (t,X_t,{\mathcal {L}}(X_t),\alpha _t)dW_t\,, \quad X_0\sim \mu (\mu \text { given),}\qquad (1) \end{aligned}$$

d

X
t

=
b

(
t
,

X
t

,
L

(

X
t

)

,

α
t

)

d
t
+
σ

(
t
,

X
t

,
L

(

X
t

)

,

α
t

)

d

W
t

,

X
0

∼
μ
(
μ

given),

(
1
)

under assumptions that enclose a system of FitzHugh–Nagumo neuron networks, and where for practical purposes the control $$\alpha _t$$

α
t

is deterministic. To do so, we assume that we are given a drift coefficient that satisfies a one-sided Lipschitz condition, and that the dynamics (2) satisfies an almost sure boundedness property of the form $$\pi (X_t)\le 0$$

π
(

X
t

)
≤
0

. The mathematical treatment we propose follows the lines of the recent monograph of Carmona and Delarue for similar control problems with Lipschitz coefficients. After addressing the existence of minimizers via a martingale approach, we show a maximum principle for (2), and numerically investigate a gradient algorithm for the approximation of the optimal control.
Validation of the Italian version of the Myasthenia Gravis Impairment Index (MGII)
Authors: Pasqualin Francesca , Barnett Carolina , Guidoni Silvia Vittoria , Albertini Elisa , Ermani Mario , Bonifati Domenico Marco 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective

To validate the Italian version of the Myasthenia Gravis Impairment Index (MGII).

Introduction
MGII is a recent promising measure developed for MG patient evaluation. It includes a clinical severity evaluation and a patient-reported questionnaire. It has been developed in English and has demonstrated feasibility, reliability, and construct validity. Recently, its Dutch translation has been validated.

Methods
MGII was translated to Italian with a multi-step forward process. We assessed correlations with the following scores: Istituto Nazionale Carlo Besta score for Myasthenia Gravis (INCB-MG), the MG Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL), the Myasthenia Gravis Composite (MGC), the Quality of Life 15 for Myasthenia Gravis (QOL15-MG), and the Myasthenia Gravis Disability (MGDIS). We also assessed differences in MGII scores by disease severity with the ANOVA Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results
One hundred forty-one patients were enrolled. The mean MGII total score was 13.3 ± 11.9 (range 0–49), with a mean ocular subscore of 3.7 ± 4.7 and a mean MGII generalized subscore of 9.6 ± 9.0. As expected, the MGII had a good correlation with the other severity scores. The MGII had a lower floor effect (3.5%) than the other measures. Twenty-five patients were assessed in follow-up; as expected, the MGII change scores had moderate correlations with change in other MG severity measures and lower correlations with quality of life measures.

Conclusions
The MGII score was cross-culturally validated in an Italian cohort of MG patients. We confirmed its lower floor effect and the correlations with other MG measures including INCB-MG that was not evaluated in previous studies.
Chemical and isotopic composition of CO2-rich magnesium–sodium–bicarbonate–sulphate-type mineral waters from volcanoclastic aquifer in Rogaška Slatina, Slovenia
Authors: Rman Nina , Szőcs Teodóra , Palcsu László , Lapanje Andrej 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBottled natural mineral waters from an andesitic aquifer in Slovenia are enriched in magnesium (1.1 g/l), sulphate (2.2 g/l) and dissolved inorganic carbon (204 g/l). We analysed major ions, trace elements, tritium activity, 14C, δ18OH2O, δ2HH2O,δ13CDIC, gas composition and noble gases in six wells. In addition, 87Sr//86Sr, δ34SSO4 and δ11B were analysed here for the first time. Stable isotopes with δ18O = −11.97 to −10.30‰ and δ2H = −77.3 to −63.8 confirm meteoric origin. CO2 degassing is evident at three wells, causing the oxygen shift of about −1.3‰. Tritium activity was detectable only in the shallowest well, where the freshwater component was dated to the 1960s. δ13CDIC in five waters is −1.78 to + 1.33‰, typical of carbonate dissolution. Radiocarbon is low, 1.03–5.16 pMC. Chemical correction with bicarbonate concentration and δ13C correction methods gave best mean residence times, slightly longer than previously published. Sulphate has δ34S 26.6–28.9‰ and δ18O 8.9–11.1‰ due to dissolution of evaporites in carbonate rocks. Boron at concentrations of 1.2–6.1 mg/l has two origins: δ11B = 11.3–16.4‰ from hydrothermal alteration and δ11B = 26.6–31.7‰ from carbonate dissolution. Strontium at concentrations of 0.5–22.0 mg/l has 87Sr//86Sr, indicating three sources: 0.7106 for Miocene clastic rocks, 0.7082 for Triassic carbonates and 0.7070 for Lower Oligocene andesitic rocks. CO2 represents the majority of the dissolved (> 98.84 vol%) and separated gas (> 95.23 vol%). Methane is only found in two wells with a max. of 0.30 vol%. All waters show excess helium and 16–97% of mantle-derived helium. Since all show subsurface degassing, the paleo-infiltration temperature could not be calculated.
Exploring Sensory Subgroups in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Development Using Factor Mixture Modelling
Authors: Dwyer Patrick , Ferrer Emilio , Saron Clifford D. , Rivera Susan M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study uses factor mixture modelling of the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) at two time points to describe subgroups of young autistic and typically-developing children. This approach allows separate SSP subscales to influence overall SSP performance differentially across subgroups. Three subgroups were described, one including almost all typically-developing participants plus many autistic participants. SSP performance of a second, largely-autistic subgroup was predominantly shaped by a subscale indexing behaviours of low energy/weakness. Finally, the third subgroup, again largely autistic, contained participants with low (or more “atypical”) SSP scores across most subscales. In this subgroup, autistic participants exhibited large P1 amplitudes to loud sounds. Autistic participants in subgroups with more atypical SSP scores had higher anxiety and more sleep disturbances.
Improved electrical conductivity and power factor in Sn and Se co-doped melt-grown Bi2Te3 single crystal
Authors: Hegde Ganesh Shridhar , Prabhu A. N. , Chattopadhyay M. K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the current work, growth and thermoelectric characterization of tin and selenium co-doped single crystal bismuth telluride have been carried out in the range of temperature 10–400 K. The crystals show hexagonal crystal structure with R$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

m space group. The direction of growth, quality of the single crystals, the density of dislocation, and dopants effect on the inner plane structure of the crystals have been analyzed through high-resolution X-ray diffraction study. Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays approves the elemental composition, and field emission scanning electron microscopy shows uniform growth with micro precipitates on the surface of the crystals. Quasi degenerate and non-degenerate electrical resistivity is observed in the pristine and doped samples, respectively. Temperature-dependent Seebeck coefficient measurements confirm the n-type semiconducting nature of the pristine as well as doped samples. Temperature-dependent power factor of (Bi0.96Sn0.04)2Te2.7Se0.3 is found to increase by 1.1 times, and electrical resistivity reduced by 3.3 times as compared to pristine Bi2Te3.
Educational Consequences of Paternal Incarceration: Evidence from a Danish Policy Reform
Authors: Anker Anne Sofie Tegner 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This study estimates the causal effect of paternal incarceration on children’s educational outcomes measured at the end of compulsory schooling (9th grade) in Denmark.

Methods
I use Danish administrative data and rely on a sentencing reform in 2000, which expanded the use of non-custodial alternatives to incarceration for traffic offenders, for plausibly exogenous variation in the risk of experiencing paternal incarceration.

Results
The results show that paternal incarceration does not affect academic achievement (grade point average), but that it does reduce the number of grades obtained, and–most importantly–roughly doubles the risk of not even completing compulsory school and getting a 9th grade certificate. These findings are driven mainly by boys for whom paternal incarceration appear to be particularly consequential.

Conclusions
The findings presented in this study highlight the presence of unintended and collateral consequences of penal policies–even in the context of a relatively mild penal regime. Effects are, however, estimated for a subgroup of Danish children experiencing paternal incarceration, and how results translate to other subgroups and beyond the Danish context is open for speculation.