bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material advancement in tissue-engineered nerve conduit
Authors: Dai Wufei , Yang Yating , Yang Yumin , Liu Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries resulting from various traumatic events can cause mobility problems and sensory impairment, jeopardizing patients’ life quality and bringing serious economic burdens. Due to the shortcomings of autologous nerve grafts, such as limited tissue sources, unmatched size, and loss of innervation at the donor site, tissue-engineered nerve grafts using both natural and synthetic materials have been employed in the treatment of peripheral nerve defect and to promote nerve regeneration. Apart from traditional advantages such as good biocompatibility and controllable degradation, the development of fabrication technology and the advancement in material science have endowed tissue-engineered nerve conduits with upgraded properties such as biomimetic surface topography, extracellular matrix components, neurotrophic factors, and cell seeding, or a conduit with micropores on the surface for substance exchange and/or with fillers inside for microenvironment simulation. This article reviews recent progress in the biomaterials employed in fabricating tissue-engineered nerve conduits, in vitro characterization, and their applications in nerve repair in animal studies as well as in clinical trials.
Reflexiones sobre el método en economía desde la teoría del consumo
Authors: Casas Hernández Daniel Ricardo , Pico Bonilla Claudia Milena 
Published: June 2021

El presente documento reflexiona sobre el uso del método inductivo y deductivo en el análisis del consumo que realizaron dos autores del siglo XIX: Thorstein Veblen y Carl Menger, respectivamente. Se plantea que en el debate metodológico del siglo XIX cobró poca relevancia el ejercicio de constatación empírica de planteamientos teóricos a raíz de la conciencia del carácter limitado de la teoría. Sobre esta base, las teorías del consumo se construyeron a partir de propuestas analíticas propias del razonamiento deductivo sobre tres premisas apriorísticas básicas: individuo asocial, insaciabilidad y orientación a los bienes. Sin embargo, este programa de investigación se ha degenerado en el sentido de Lakatos por los cuestionamientos de Veblen, Galbraith, Keynes y Akerman entre otros. De ahí que para favorecer la construcción de un programa de investigación progresivo en términos metodológicos y empíricos sea necesaria la integración de los métodos deductivo e inductivo en economía y el avance hacia presupuestos teóricos consistentes con realidades históricas cambiantes.
Black Normativity and Burdened Individualism
Authors: Revare Graham 
Published: June 2021

The Walt Disney Company has a marred past; the products that powered its explosive growth to an entertainment conglomerate depicted grossly racist stereotypes. Seeking to wash its hands of this controversial past, Disney released The Princess and the Frog (TPF), its first film featuring a Black protagonist.
The film deserves recognition for its efforts to bring representation to Black Americans. But lurking in Disney’s redemption project is a noticeable revisionist whitewashing of American history. The film’s plot begins when Tiana, short on money and seeking to rescue her incipient dream to open a restaurant, accepts a prince-transmuted-frog’s offer to reward her for kissing him. When she compromises her unyielding adherence to “hard work,” she transforms into a frog. The film’s very narrative structure is built on what Saidiya Hartman labels “burdened individualism,” a discourse that demands Black Americans ceaselessly pursue market ascendency while stripping them of the tools to do so.
Modeling of a System Dynamics of Fisherman Insurance Demand in Malang District
Authors: Wati Lina Asmara , Lestariadi Riski Agung , Supriyadi Supriyadi 
Published: June 2021

Fisherman Insurance Premium Assistance is applied to all coastal areas in Indonesia. In Malang Regency, it just started in 2016 through JASINDO, so many fishermen still do not fully understand the benefits against possible risks. Therefore, it is necessary to study the dynamics of the fisherman insurance system focusing on producing a model of insurance demand and the projection of the demand and growth of fisherman insurance in the future. The method used in this research was a series of system dynamics modeling. The results of the validity test in this study indicate the mean comparison and error variance is the following: fisherman insurance program = 4.8% and 6.01%; fishermen’s value = 4.0% and 21.55% and premium assistance = 3.9% and 12.17%. Moreover, the structural and parametric scenario analysis results show the average value of the increase in tourists: Scenario 1 - Structural: Premium assistance = 602 fishermen, Scenario 2 - Structural: 394 fishermen, Parametric Scenario 1 - Optimistic = 578 fishermen, Parametric Scenario 2 - Most Likely = 289 fishermen, and Parametric Scenario 3 - Pessimistic = 201 fishermen. However, the projection of the demand for fisherman insurance in 2021-2029 has not shown the expected results. The largest number of demands is 421 and the smallest is 321 in 2026. Moreover, after several simulations, the study found the most possible simulation to be carried out and to have a significant, stable effect on the results desired by the government, which is through premium assistance. If at least insurance premium assistance of Rp. 118,000x109 can be given annually, it will be able to generate a fisherman insurance demand at a minimum of 500.
Correlation and Prognostic Significance of Electrocardiography, Echocardiography and Troponin in Patients Admitted with NSTEMI
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Saghir Tahir , Khan Kamran Ahmed , Mengal Muhammad Naeem , Naseeb Khalid , Bhatti Khalid Iqbal , Karim Musa , Rai Kelash , Khatti Shahzad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is a clinical condition characterized by typical symptoms of myocardial ischemia along with electrocardiographic changes and a positive value of troponin. After presentation in emergency department these patients have their troponin I value and electrocardiography done. The echocardiography should also be performed in these patients. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between ECG, Echo and troponin and how prognostically these are relevant to each other along with their prognostic significance.Results: This observational study was conducted at tertiary care cardiac hospital on 221 patients diagnosed with the NSTEMI. The most frequent finding on presenting ECG was ST depression in anterior leads (V1-V6) in 27.6%. Median troponin I at presentation was 3.2 ng/dl and median ejection fraction was 45%. Overall all-cause mortality rate at 6-months was observed to be 8.6%, re-infarction in 5%, re-hospitalization in 16.3%, and heart failure in 25.3% was observed. However, mortality was higher for patients with baseline ECG findings of A-fib, generalized ST-depression , poor R-wave progression, Wellens sign, and T-wave inversion in inferior also mortality rate was relatively higher among patients with poor (<30%) LVEF. Conclusion: ECG and Echocardiography were prognostically significant and correlated better at 6 months. However Troponin lacks the association and prognostic significance at 6 months.
Warming and Predation Alter Consumer Coexistence
Authors: Zhang Peiyu , Zhang Huan , Wang Huan , Jackson Michelle C. , Zhang Min , Xu Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Understanding how species coexist is a key question in ecology, with implications for conserving biodiversity. Species coexistence is affected by multiple factors, including climate warming and the presence of predators, yet most studies consider these ‘stressors’ in isolation. The interactive effects of warming and predation on species coexistence have not been explored. Here, we constructed simplified shallow lake food webs in 24 large mesocosm ponds and applied a crossed design to simulate warming (+4.5°C) and predation (by crucian carp Carassius auratus ). We monitored population responses of two common snails, Bellamya aeruginosa and Radix swinhoei over 200 days. We predicted that warming will alter the phenology of the snails, and that this will combine with predation to reduce their abundance. Warming advanced the reproduction of R. swinhoei by 21.5 days and reduced biomass and density of both snails. The advance in R. swinhoei phenology suppressed the slower growing B. aeruginosa population, reducing coexistence. Warming and predation combined in an additive manner to decrease the biomass of B. aeruginosa . In contrast, the two drivers synergistically decreased the biomass and density of R. swinhoe i because of enhanced pressure from the fish on their preferred snail prey under warming, due to rising metabolic demands. Therefore, snail coexistence was further reduced with fish presence under warming. In conclusion, future continuous warming and strong predation might undermine the coexistence of the gastropods, thereby changing food web structures in shallow freshwater ecosystems.
Oceanic Core Complex or not?
When partial spreading asymmetry triggers seafloor diversity
Authors: Szitkar Florent , Gernigon Laurent , Lim Anna , Brönner Marco 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We use high-resolution and regional geophysical data to study a bathymetric high near the Mohns/Knipovich ridges junction, in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. Near-seafloor magnetic data over hydrothermal site Loki’s Castle first support the basaltic nature of the seafloor. We then combine this result with regional magnetic and bathymetric considerations to investigate the crustal architecture in the vicinity of the junction. We show that the spreading asymmetry is insufficient to allow the development of Oceanic Core Complexes. Instead, this atypical off-axis hill is dominantly basaltic and should be interpreted as the first inside corner hogback structure identified along an active mid-ocean ridge system. Our conclusion tempers the definition of Oceanic Core Complex and underlines that bathymetric highs located off axis from slow-spreading centers cannot always be interpreted as such. This intermediate type of spreading paves the way to the introduction of a new class of oceanic structure referred to as Proto-Core Complexes.
Origin of kimberlite from the base of the upper mantle
Authors: Sun Wei-Dong , Zhang Lipeng , Li Rui , Xie Guozhi , Liu Lu , Li Cong-ying , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Kimberlite is characterized by explosive eruption powered by excess carbon dioxides (CO2)1 and water2. Given that diamond is the dominant stable phase of carbon in the upper mantle3, it is obscure where does the excess CO2 in kimberlite has come from. Here we show that ferric iron oxidizes diamond at 1900K, 20GPa and 2000K, 25GPa, forming CO2. The lower mantle is dominated by bridgmanite, which is rich in ferric iron4. Bridgmanite decomposes once it is brought to the upper mantle, releasing extra ferric iron. Therefore, the oxidation of diamond may have been popularly occurring at the base of the upper mantle, forming CO2-rich carbonated domains that are the main source of kimberlite. The rising kimberlitic magma reaches the lithosphere mantle of thick cratons before it crosses the solidus line of mantle peridotite, and thus keeps its volatile-rich nature that drives explosive eruptions. When the lithospheric mantle is thinner than ~140 km, kimberlite changes into much less explosive magmas due to partial melting of mantle peridotite, and, consequently, entrained diamond is mostly oxidized during the magma’s slower ascension.
Texture analysis of dark intraplacental bands on T2WI in the evaluation of placenta accreta spectrum disorders: a feasibility study
Authors: Dong Lishan , Shen Hailin , Wang Sheng , Lei Zhiyi , Zhang Jiangong , Sun Zongqiong , Teng Yue , Li Yonggang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate whether texture analysis of dark intraplacental bands on T2WI can provide a novel methodological viewpoint valuable in assessing the classification of placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PAS disorders).Methods: 174 participants with suspected PAS disorders were consecutively included in the study. Texture analysis was implemented on dark intraplacental bands on T2WI by MaZda software. The two steps of parameter selection and reduction led to a decrease of the parameter space dimensionality. The logistics regression models were constructed with texture parameters to evaluate the classification of PAS disorders.Results: Both run length nonuniformity (RLN) and grey level nonuniformity (Gle) of four directions showed significant differences between participants with placenta accreta, increta and percreta (P﹤0.05). The AUC and cut-off for logistic regression model of accreta vs increta were 0.75 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.90) and 6.72, respectively; corresponding values for logistic regression model of increta vs percreta were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.93) and 10.92. The sensitivity and specificity for cut-off of 6.72 were 88.46% and 84.62%, respectively; corresponding values for cut-off of 10.92 were 92.59% and 85.71%.Conclusion: Texture analysis offered promise for more quantitative and objective assessment of PAS disorders than other image modalities. It may be a useful add-on to MRI in evaluating the classification of PAS disorders. Trial registration: Registration number: ChiCTR2000038604 and name of registry: Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of MRI multi-parameter imaging combined with texture analysis for placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PAD).
Response and Simulation of Trade-offs/synergies Among Ecosystem Services to Ecological Restoration Program: a Case Study of the Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration, China
Authors: Chen Tiantian , Peng Li , Wang Qiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Grain to Green Program (GTGP), as a policy tool for advancing ecological progress, has been operating for 20 years and has played an important role in improving ecosystem service values. However, there are few studies on the trade-off/synergy changes in ecosystem services during the implementation of the GTGP and how to select the optimal scheme for regional ecological security based on the trade-off relationship. Thus, we took the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration (CCUA) in southwestern China as the study area; we used multisource data and the corresponding models and methods to estimate the regional food production, carbon sequestration, water yield, soil conservation and habitat quality services. Then, we clarified the trade-off/synergy relationships among ecosystem services from 2000 to 2015 by spatial analysis and statistical methods and evaluated the influential mechanism of the GTGP on trade-offs between ecosystem services. Finally, different risk scenarios were constructed by the ordered weighted average algorithm (OWA), and the regional ecological security pattern was simulated under the principle of the best protection efficiency and the highest trade-off degree. We found that (1) the trade-offs/synergies of regional ecosystem services changed significantly from 2000 to 2015. Among them, food production, water yield and soil conservation have always had trade-off relationships, while carbon sequestration, soil conservation and habitat quality have all had synergistic relationships. The relationships between carbon sequestration and water yield and food production changed from non-correlated to trade-off/synergistic, and the relationship between habitat quality and food production and water yield was not obvious. (2) Except for carbon sequestration service, the trade-off intensity between other ecosystem services decreased, indicating that the change trend of ecosystem services in the same direction was obvious. (3) The GTGP has been an important factor affecting the trade-off intensity of regional ecosystem services. On the one hand, it has strengthened the synergistic relationships among carbon sequestration, soil conservation and habitat quality; on the other hand, it has increased the constraints of water resources on soil conservation and vegetation restoration. (4) The decision risk coefficient α = 1.6 was the most suitable scenario, the total amount of regional ecosystem services was high, and the allocation was balanced under this scenario. The ecological security area corresponding to this scenario was also the area with high carbon sequestration and habitat quality services. The purpose of this study was to provide a scientific reference for the precise implementation of the GTGP.
KIF15 is An Oncogene of Prostate Cancer and is A Key Prognostic Factor in Patients with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Li Lin , Hao Jing , Liu Jin-Xiu , Wang Peng-Fei , Zhao Chao-Fei , Cai Sheng-Yong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

KIF15, a member of kinesin superfamily proteins, has been found that play a of vital role in the carcinogenesis of various malignant tumor. But whether KIF15 can facilitate the evolution of prostate cancer (PCa) is still unknown. This study aims to explore its biological function in PCa cells and its relevance to prognosis and clinical features in PCa patients.
Material and Methods

KIF15 expression at mRNA and protein level in tumor and normal tissues was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Then the correlations between KIF15 expression and PCa patients’ clinical characteristics was analyzed. After inhibiting the expression of KIF15 by shRNA, the role of KIF15 on proliferative capacity of PCa was evaluated by using MTT assay. The function of KIF15 on metastatic potential of PCa was determined by using transwell assay. The prognostic value of KIF15 was determined by using bioinformatics analysis.
Results

Compared with normal tissues, KIF15 was overexpressed in PCa tissues. After knocking down KIF15 in C4-2 and Lncap cell lines, the proliferation (P < 0.001) and invasion (P < 0.001) capabilities of tumor cells are significantly reduced compared to the shCON group. The proliferation marker Ki67 and the metastasis-related marker MMP9 were also significantly reduced in two cell lines after silencing KIF15. Except that, increased KIF15 in tumor tissue is associated with clinical stage (P = 0.004), seminal vesicle invasion (P = 0.02), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.03), and poor disease-free survival (P < 0.05) in PCa patients.
Conclusions

The results proved that KIF15 might served as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in prostate cancer, and play as a vital regulatory factor in tumorigenesis and cancer development of prostate cancer.
Accuracy of Integration of Dental Cast and Cephalograms Compared with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: A Comparative Study
Authors: Dai Fanfan , Chen Si , Feng Tingting , Chen Gui , Jiang Jiuhui , Jiang Ruoping , Lin Jiuxiang , Han Bing , Xu Tianmin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: This study proposes a method that integrates maxillary dental cast and cephalograms and evaluates its accuracy compared with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. Methods: The study sample comprised 20 adult patients with records of dental casts, cephalograms, and craniofacial CBCT scans. The maxillary dental cast was integrated with lateral and frontal cephalograms based on best-fit registration of palatal and dental outline curves from dental cast with cephalogram tracings. Linear measurement was conducted to assess the intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of the proposed intergration method using intraclass correlation coefficients; linear and angular measurements were conducted to assess its accuracy with CBCT scans as a standard reference. Paired t test, one sample t test, and mean ± standard deviation of the absolute value of difference were used to compare the integrated images and CBCT.Results: The integration method showed good intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficients >0.98). The differences in linear and angular measurements between the integrated images and CBCT were not statistically significant but with a large deviation. When absolute value of difference was computed, the linear distance error was 0.51 ± 0.34 mm, the tooth point coordinate errors in X, Y and Z axis were 0.22 ± 0.22, 0.38 ± 0.32 and 0.21 ± 0.21mm respectively; the angular error in pitch, roll and yaw of the dental cast was 0.82 ± 0.51, 0.92 ± 0.59 and 0.80 ± 0.41 degree respectively. Conclusions: The proposed method for integration of dental cast and cephalograms showed good reproducibility and acceptable accuracy compared with CBCT. It could be helpful for researchers to study three-dimensional tooth growth changes using the existing craniofacial growth data especially cephalograms.
Do Accessible Exercise Facilities Influence Community Physical Activities?
Authors: Kim Dong Jun , Kim Sun Jung , Hahm Myung-IL 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate how personal perceptions of exercise facility accessibility affect moderate physical activity in Korea. We selected research subjects using data from 2012, 2014, and 2016 community health surveys. We explored whether accessibility to exercise facilities was associated with moderate or higher physical activity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Of the 652,954 individuals included in the analyses, 146,725 engaged in moderate physical activity (22.5%) and were more likely to have easier access to exercise facilities. Those who could access exercise facilities very easily were more likely to engage in moderate weekly physical activity compared with those who found access difficult or very difficult (odds ratio = 1.32; 95% confidence interval = 1.28–1.35). The results confirmed that in areas with good accessibility to community exercise facilities, subjects engaged in more moderate physical activity compared with subjects in areas lacking good access.
A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Family Planning Behaviour in India
Authors: Gupta Ajay , Chauhan Shekhar , Patel Ratna , Chaurasia Vaishali 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Family Planning programs influence women’s health by contributing to universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services. Access to contraception assists in delaying, spacing and limiting pregnancies. Despite being the first country that had implemented the family planning back in 1952, the Indian government has failed to achieve desirable family planning outcomes. This study examines the cohort-wise family planning behaviour of married women.Methods: Data from four rounds of National Family Health Survey (NFHS), India conducted in 1992-93, 1998-2000, 2005-06, and 2015-16 were pooled to construct marriage cohorts with sample size of 749102 women aged 15-49 years. Twelve consecutive marriage cohorts were made from 1957 to 2016. A trend analysis was performed on cohorts married after 1957 to determine if they will ultimately attain ever-use of family planning levels. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were carried out to understand the family planning behaviour by marital cohorts and marital duration. Results: The result found that ever use of contraception has decreased among the recent cohorts in all the four rounds of survey. The study found that the odds of use of contraception has increased in recent cohorts. The women in 2012-16 cohort were 1.6 times more likely to use any contraception than women from 1957-61 cohort. Results found that use of contraception increases with increase in marital duration of the women. After attaining the parity of 3 children, the desire of conceiving additional child among women has decreased significantly over the cohorts. The result also found that among the older cohorts, the sterilization was preferred after 5+ parity, and for the recent cohorts, sterilization is being preferred with 0-2 parity. Conclusion: There is a need to identify the groups with the unmet need for contraception, and an attempt to reach these groups with contraceptive services is highly desirable.