bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of muscle mTOR mRNA in relation to changes in food intake in channel catfish
Authors: Spainhour Rebekah , Abernathy Oaklee , Dougherty Megan , Schmidtberger Abigail , Kostner Danica , Kobayashi Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2021

Objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) mRNA and increased food intake in the muscle of channel catfish. mTOR plays a key role in the regulation of protein synthesis, cell growth, cell proliferation, and nutrient metabolism. In our previous study, we characterized tissue distribution of mTOR mRNA and changes in its expression in response to prolonged fasting and showed that fasting increased the expression of mTOR mRNA in muscle of channel catfish. Given that genetic selection towards growth causes the development of obese‐like phenotype in channel catfish, it is possible that increased food intake affects the expression of mTOR mRNA in muscle. Therefore, the relationship between muscle expression of mTOR mRNA and increased feeding frequency was examined in our current study. Juvenile channel catfish were fed at every 12, 24, or 48 hours for 28 days (n=4 tanks per treatment, 8 fish per tank). Muscle expression of mTOR mRNA was measured using quantitative RT‐PCR from the samples collected at the end of the 28‐day feeding period. Muscle expression of mTOR mRNA was significantly greater in fish fed every 48 hours compared to those fed every 24 hours (p<0.05). In contrast, the expression of mTOR mRNA was similar between fish fed every 24 hours and those fed every 12 hours. Our results suggest that the expression of mTOR mRNA in muscle is sensitive to nutritional stress, which is similar to observations made in mammals.Support or Funding InformationThis study is supported by the Kansas IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Exercise characteristics in manganese superoxide dismutase overexpressing mice
Authors: Gaillard Charleston E. , Rao Shriya D. , Klatt Benjamin T. , McKinley Alexander J. , Shanely R. Andrew , Christian Brooke E. , Zwetsloot Kevin A. 
Published: June 2021

Oxidative stress, the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, can be a result of prolonged and high intensity exercise and may lead to skeletal muscle fatigue and dysfunction, and decreased exercise performance. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a naturally existing mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, provides the first line of defense against oxidative stress caused by superoxide anions. Transgenic mice overexpressing MnSOD have been studied within the context of disease pathology, but skeletal muscle function and exercise capacity in these mice have not been characterized. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate if grip strength, maximal exercise capacity, and exercise endurance differ between transgenic mice that overexpress MnSOD in the mitochondrial matrix (SOD2) and their wild‐type (WT) littermates. Female SOD2 and WT mice (8–10 mo old) performed 3 consecutive forelimb grip strength tests, with 1‐min rest between trials. Next, these mice performed a maximal exercise capacity test, which consisted of a 10‐min warm up at 10–12.5 m•min−1 and 5–10° incline, followed by 2‐min stages of increasing treadmill speed by 3 m•min−1 every stage; treadmill remained at 10° incline and mice ran to exhaustion. Then, 48 hours after the completion of the maximal exercise capacity test, all mice performed an exercise endurance test, consisting of a 10‐min warm up at 10–12.5 m•min−1 and 5–10° incline, followed by a run to exhaustion at a constant treadmill speed of 22 m•min−1 and incline of 10°. Grip strength, maximal exercise capacity, and exercise endurance were not different between SOD2 and WT mice, respectively (p>0.05, all). These findings suggest that overexpression of MnSOD in the mitochondrial matrix does not alter grip strength, treadmill exercise capacity, or endurance in mice.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Flipped Classroom Narrows the Performance Gap Between Low and High Performing Students
Authors: Thor Der , Zheng Meixun , Xiao Nan 
Published: June 2021

The flipped classroom has been shown to have positive outcomes in learning and has begun to emerge in medical and dental education. However, there is little information on the impact of the flipped method on learning for high performing students compared to low performing students. In this study, two consecutive classes of students in their first year of the three‐year Doctor of Dental Surgery program at the Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, was taught the physiology of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) through either a traditional lecture method (first class) or using a flipped classroom approach (second class). Students' understanding of the ANS was evaluated using a multiple choice question quiz. In agreement with previous studies, students learning through the flipped approach achieved significantly higher scores than students learning through the traditional lecture method. While students in the lower 27% and higher 27% of the class both showed significantly higher average scores using the flipped approach, the improvement was significantly higher in students from the lower 27%. Our study suggests that the flipped classroom can be used to improve student learning and narrowed the performance gap between low and high performing students.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Impact of a Team Based Learning Exercise in the Understanding and Retention of Medical School Nutrition Education
Authors: Cialdella‐Kam Lynn , Khadilkar Surya 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIntegration of clinical nutrition into medical school curriculum is essential in order to produce future physicians who are knowledgeable and confident in applying nutrition as it relates to disease prevention and treatment of disease. Currently, limited curriculum time is dedicated to nutritional content and many medical students lack confidence in applying their nutritional knowledge to a clinical context. A team‐based learning exercise (TBL) was implemented in the Case Western Reserve School of Medicine (CWRU SOM) curriculum during the preclinical nutrition, gastroenterology and biochemistry block in order to enhance and increase nutritional knowledge and confidence. We believe that a TBL is an effective modality to educate students on the fundamentals of nutrition and increase retention of this information.Key MessageThe objective of this study is to determine if the implementation of a TBL activity will enhance medical students' understanding of nutrition concepts and increase retention of nutritional information during the clinical years. At CWRU SOM, we have received personal feedback from students wishing that they had more exposure to nutrition concepts during their preclinical years. Literature reviews have also demonstrated that many medical students lack confidence in demonstrating their nutritional knowledge in a clinical context, including during their clinical rotations. We believe that increasing the amount of nutrition content students are exposed to during their preclinical years would ultimately help increase students' knowledge and confidence. The TBL exercise was implemented into the required preclinical curriculum for first year medical students. For preparation, students were asked to watch a series of short videos focusing on specific nutrition concepts such as metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and nutrition labels. The TBL exercise focused on case vignettes which applied the information introduced in the videos. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the team‐based learning session, an optional posttest was administered both to students who received the intervention and to a randomly selected medical student cohort that did not participate in the educational intervention, and their results were compared.DiscussionA lack of basic understanding and confidence in nutritional counseling motivated us to seek out a new opportunity to incorporate more nutritional content into the preclinical curriculum. Incorporating additional nutrition content to the preclinical curriculum is not only responsive to previous feedback, but provides an opportunity to improve students' understanding of nutrition as it relates to disease prevention and treatment of disease.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Embedding Three Styles of Interviews into a Senior Seminar Course Provides Students with Practice, Assessment of Skills and Improves Confidence
Authors: Halpin Patricia A. , Landon Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

Preparing science undergraduates for success after graduation involves more than teaching them the standard curriculum and laboratory skills. The purpose of this intervention was to prepare undergraduates for their first job/graduate school/professional school interview. Senior Seminar (BSCI 701) is a required course for all science majors that is taken during the first or second semester of a student's final year of college. Three different styles of interviews were assigned to students: A synchronous simulation software (Interview Stream) interview, an in‐class mock interview, a videotaped interview at the Internship and Career Planning office conducted by Internship and Career Planning staff. This intervention was performed during the fall semester of 2015 (n=11) and 2016 (n=12). Students were surveyed at the beginning and of end the semester and the results of both sections were combined. Overall students' confidence increased as 47.6% of the students reported they were very confident with their interview skills at the beginning of the semester compared to 65.2% at the end of the semester. After completing the synchronous simulation video interview, some students reported they felt uncomfortable speaking into the camera, yet they saw value in the ability to identify some of their nervous habits during the playbacks. Performing the in‐class mock interview with a classmate, students reported they felt more comfortable, confident and they appreciated feedback from a peer. After reviewing their videotaped interview with an Internship and Career Planning staff member, they learned they need to make eye contact, smile, speak clearly, have good posture, and wear professional dress. At the end of the semester, students reflected on the skills that they can improve upon and these include: warm up to the interviewer more quickly, think before answering quickly, rehearse answers to common questions, avoid fidgeting, avoid lengthy pauses, make eye contact and overall, being less nervous. By providing students with a variety of opportunities to practice their interview skills, they will feel more confident and be aware of how they can improve. The more practice and feedback they receive will make them more successful presenting themselves professionally post‐graduation.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Maternal exposure to Bisphenol‐A Induces Epigenetic Changes in metabolic syndrome markers of Offspring
Authors: Memon Samreen , Bano Umbreen , Shahani Muhammad Yaqoob 
Published: June 2021

Environmental factors exert significant effects of on disease progression later in the life, when exposed in‐utero. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer of plastic products widely used in everyday life. BPA shows hormone mimicking properties, and its adverse effects on endocrine glands and hormones may affect developmental embryology of offspring. Bisphenol A may possibly have an epigenetic role in onset and progression of several adult diseases related to metabolic system. To determine the epigenetic effects of in‐utero Bisphenol A on markers related to metabolic syndrome in mice offspring. This study was conducted at department of Anatomy Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro and Animal house of Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam Pakistan after Ethical approval. Adult female BALB/c strains mice were divided in three groups each comprised of 10 female mice– G1 (controls), G2 (ethanol 0.10 ml i.p) and G3 (BPA 10 mg i.p). Animals were housed individually in polypropylene cages, in standard lighting, controlled temperature and humidity conditions. Control group was fed ad libitum. After mating, the positive vaginal plug was checked to confirm pregnancy. Offspring body weight, behavior, movement, blood glucose; serum insulin, cholesterol and HDLc were measured at 5 months age and at 15 months age before sacrifice of animals. Pancreas, kidney, adipose tissue and uterine tissue were stained with H & E staining and Immunohistochemistry and examined under microscopy. Data was analyzed on SPSS 22.0 (at 95% confidence interval). Offspring of group G3 reveals abnormal changes in behavior and movement. Body weight, blood glucose, serum insulin, cholesterol and HDLc were high compared to controls (P=0.0001). Islets of Lanherghan's, Kidney and Uterine tissue reveals abnormal anatomical changes with anti‐ Islet‐1 Ig, Ksp cadherin, and anti‐ MLH antibody respectively. In utero exposure of endocrine disruptor Bisphenol A exerts Diabetogenic and Atherogenic effects with abnormal immunohistochemistry changes in endocrine pancreas, kidney and uterus.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PakistanThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Impact of housing temperature on the adaptation of brown adipose tissue to pregnancy in lean and obese rats
Authors: Budge Helen , Dellschaft Neele , Albustanji Layla , AlHarethi Enas , Perez G , Peter Aldiss , Symonds Michael 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionPregnancy has long been considered a physiological condition in which brown adipose tissue function is reduced. This was considered to represent a mechanism to enable energy conservation by the mother, although whether it is influenced by ambient temperature is unknown. It is now recognised that rodent studies examining brown fat function are conducted at a housing temperature well below thermoneutrality and as such are not immediately relevant to the human situation in which a majority of time is spent at thermoneutrality. The aim of our study was to examine the impact of an obesogenic diet on the mother prior to and during pregnancy and whether the housing temperature modulated the adaptations seen within interscapular brown fat through pregnancy.MethodsFemale rats were raised on a low fat (L) diet or a high fat, high sucrose diet (H) and housed at either a cool (20°C) or thermoneutral temperature (27°C) from 4 weeks of age, and 6 females of each group were tissue sampled at 10 weeks of age. The remaining females were mated and sampled at either 10d (mid‐gestation, n=6) or 19d gestation (late‐gestation, n=6). Gene expression and histological appearance of brown, interscapular adipose tissues was determined for brown (i.e. uncoupling protein (UCP)1) and white (i.e. leptin) characteristics as well as cell size.ResultsGene expression for UCP1 was higher in unmated dams and at 19 but not 10 days of gestation in those animals maintained at 20°C, irrespective of diet. In these animals there was a marked decline in UCP1 at 10 days of gestation not seen in those kept at thermoneutrality. This was accompanied with a loss of UCP1 protein in obese, but not control dams. Gene expression for leptin was increased at thermoneutrality and rose through gestation in controls, but only increased in obese animals near to term. As expected the H diet raised white fat mass, but these animals had a similar body weight to controls, irrespective of rearing temperature. Brown fat mass was also higher with the H diet but only when maintained at 20°C, whereas mean cell size was increased at thermoneutrality.ConclusionsThe thermal environment has a major influence on the magnitude of loss of UCP1 through pregnancy. This adaptation does not occur when dams are maintained at thermoneutrality. Taken together these findings indicate that the impact of maternal obesity on the mother has been greatly under‐estimated in all studies to date which have been conducted at a standard (i.e. cool) thermal environment.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Importance of vasa nervorum in patients with chronic peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Settembre Nicla , Shaabi Hossam I. , Saba Charbel , Bouziane Zakariyae , Marc Labrousse , Sergueï Malikov 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThe cutaneous perfusion of lower limbs influences the surgical treatment of different leg diseases.In 1987, Taylor defined the concept of angiosome in his landmark anatomy study in the field of reconstructive plastic surgery. He divided the body into three‐dimensional anatomic units of tissue, “arteriosomes”, which is supplied by a specific source of arteries. In 2006, Attinger, in turn, divided the foot into six angiosomes supplied by the three main infra genicular arteries and their branches.Our hypothesis is that skin vessels are different in patients with chronic limb ischemia and that the concept of angiosomes based on Attinger's study of healthy limbs is not applicable due to the development of collaterals.Material and methodsThe study was performed on 5 amputation limbs with severe chronic limb ischemia.A barium sulfate suspension (Micropaque®) with colored liquid latex (25%: 75%) was injected under low pressure via femoral artery. Two days after the injection, a CT scan of the specimen was performed using a 64‐row MDCT (Lightspeed, General Electric Healthcare, Milwaukee, USA. As a second step, we dissected the arteries and marked the skin vessels guided by the CT images MPR and MIP.ResultsIn our preliminary surgical anatomical study on 5 amputation specimens, we showed that the progressive evolution of atherosclerosis and the concomitant development of a supply network involving the vascularisation of the sensory nerves implement the limb and foot perfusion.ConclusionArterial distribution in patients with chronic limb ischemia appears to follow partially the concept of angiosomes. Knowledge of collateral vascularization, especially vasa nervorum, can modify the strategies of surgical revascularization. In cases of total occlusion of the main arteries, the knowledge of the vasa nervorum network can be useful in patients in whom direct revascularisation on target angiosome following the angiosome theory is not applicable.Support or Funding InformationNo funding for this studyThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Migration and differentiation of enteric neural crest cells in the embryonic gut explant cultured ex vivo
Authors: PAN TIANTIAN 
Published: June 2021

Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a common congenital gut motility disorder characterized by the reduction or absence of enteric neurons in the distal region of the colon. The Dominant megacolon (Dom) mutant mouse, which carries a spontaneous mutation in Sox10, exhibits HSCR‐like phenotypes, and hence has been used as an animal model of HSCR. It has been known that in Sox10Dom/+ mouse embryos, the migration and differentiation of neural crest cells (NCCs), which are progenitors of enteric neurons and glial cells, are abnormal, leading to hypoganglionosis or aganglionosis in the hindgut. In Sox10Dom/Dom homozygous embryos, the entire gut tube is aganglionic and the embryo dies before E13.5. However, it is still unknown whether hypoganglionic and aganglionic phenotypes exhibited by Dom mice is a result of abnormalities in NCCs only (cell‐autonomous effects), alterations of gut microenvironment through which NCCs migrate (niche effects), or both. Previously, an organotypic gut explant system has already been established, which allows ex vivo co‐culture of donor NCCs of different genotypes with a recipient embryonic gut segment isolated from embryos of the same or other genotypes. In the present study, E13.5 Dom mouse hindgut explants were used as recipient gut segments for transplantation of donor NCCs. Five days after cell transplantation, the hindgut explant cultured ex vivo appeared morphologically and histologically normal with rhythmic contractions and relaxations, indicating that the development of the hindgut explant ex vivo was similar to that in vivo. To obtain donor enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs), midgut segments which were genetically labeled with GFP were dissected from E11.5 mouse embryos and cultured on a fibronectin‐coated surface. ENCCs emigrated from the midgut segments were collected and transplanted to the hindgut explant, which was then cultured ex vivo for 5 days. We found that transplanted ENCCs survived, migrated, and differentiated into TuJ1‐immunoreative enteric neurons in normoganglionic and hypoganglionic segments of the hindgut explant. When transplanted to aganglionic segments of the hindgut, ENCCs were still able to differentiate into TuJ1‐immunoreactive neurons, but they were not able to migrate as far as those transplanted cells in the normoganglionic and hypoganglionic segments, and most of them stayed near the transplantation site without forming a normal neuronal network. Our results indicated that endogenous enteric neurons were required for the normal migration and integration of transplanted ENCCs within the hindgut explant.Support or Funding InformationThe work was supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No.: CUHK 14175017).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.