bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress hormone-mediated antipredator morphology improves escape performance in amphibian tadpoles
Authors: Fraker Michael E. , Ludsin Stuart A. , Luttbeg Barney , Denver Robert J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractComplete functional descriptions of the induction sequences of phenotypically plastic traits (perception to physiological regulation to response to outcome) should help us to clarify how plastic responses develop and operate. Ranid tadpoles express several plastic antipredator traits mediated by the stress hormone corticosterone, but how they influence outcomes remains uncertain. We investigated how predator-induced changes in the tail morphology of wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles influenced their escape performance over a sequence of time points when attacked by larval dragonflies (Anax junius). Tadpoles were raised with no predator exposure, chemical cues of dragonflies added once per day, or constant exposure to caged dragonflies crossed with no exogenous hormone added (vehicle control only), exogenous corticosterone, or metyrapone (a corticosteroid synthesis inhibitor). During predation trials, we detected no differences after four days, but after eight days, tadpoles exposed to larval dragonflies and exogenous corticosterone had developed deeper tail muscles and exhibited improved escape performance compared to controls. Treatment with metyrapone blocked the development of a deeper tail muscle and resulted in no difference in escape success. Our findings further link the predator-induced physiological stress response of ranid tadpoles to the development of an antipredator tail morphology that confers performance benefits.
Smartphone-based symbol-digit modalities test reliably captures brain damage in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pham Linh , Harris Thomas , Varosanec Mihael , Morgan Vanessa , Kosa Peter , Bielekova Bibiana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs the burden of neurodegenerative diseases increases, time-limited clinic encounters do not allow quantification of complex neurological functions. Patient-collected digital biomarkers may remedy this, if they provide reliable information. However, psychometric properties of digital tools remain largely un-assessed. We developed a smartphone adaptation of the cognitive test, the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) by randomizing the test’s symbol-number codes and testing sequences. The smartphone SDMT showed comparable psychometric properties in 154 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 39 healthy volunteers (HV). E.g., smartphone SDMT achieved slightly higher correlations with cognitive subscores of neurological examinations and with brain injury measured by MRI (R2 = 0.75, Rho = 0.83, p < 0.0001) than traditional SDMT. Mathematical adjustment for motoric disability of the dominant hand, measured by another smartphone test, compensates for the disadvantage of touch-based test. Averaging granular home measurements of the digital biomarker also increases accuracy of identifying true neurological decline.
Real-time clinician text feeds from electronic health records
Authors: Teo James T. H. , Dinu Vlad , Bernal William , Davidson Phil , Oliynyk Vitaliy , Breen Cormac , Barker Richard D. , Dobson Richard J. B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnalyses of search engine and social media feeds have been attempted for infectious disease outbreaks, but have been found to be susceptible to artefactual distortions from health scares or keyword spamming in social media or the public internet. We describe an approach using real-time aggregation of keywords and phrases of freetext from real-time clinician-generated documentation in electronic health records to produce a customisable real-time viral pneumonia signal providing up to 4 days warning for secondary care capacity planning. This low-cost approach is open-source, is locally customisable, is not dependent on any specific electronic health record system and can provide an ensemble of signals if deployed at multiple organisational scales.
Fluid separation and network deformation in wetting of soft and swollen surfaces
Authors: Cai Zhuoyun , Skabeev Artem , Morozova Svetlana , Pham Jonathan T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhen a water drop is placed onto a soft polymer network, a wetting ridge develops at the drop periphery. The height of this wetting ridge is typically governed by the drop surface tension balanced by elastic restoring forces of the polymer network. However, the situation is more complex when the network is swollen with fluid, because the fluid may separate from the network at the contact line. Here we study the fluid separation and network deformation at the contact line of a soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) network, swollen with silicone oil. By controlling both the degrees of crosslinking and swelling, we find that more fluid separates from the network with increasing swelling. Above a certain swelling, network deformation decreases while fluid separation increases, demonstrating synergy between network deformation and fluid separation. When the PDMS network is swollen with a fluid having a negative spreading parameter, such as hexadecane, no fluid separation is observed. A simple balance of interfacial, elastic, and mixing energies can describe this fluid separation behavior. Our results reveal that a swelling fluid, commonly found in soft networks, plays a critical role in a wetting ridge.
DRX‐based energy‐efficient supervised machine learning algorithm for mobile communication networks
Authors: Ruíz‐Guirola David E. , Rodríguez‐López Carlos A. , Montejo‐Sánchez Samuel , Souza Richard Demo , Imran Muhammad Ali 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe continuous traffic increase of mobile communication systems has the collateral effect of higher energy consumption, affecting battery lifetime in the user equipment (UE). An effective solution for energy saving is to implement a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode. However, guaranteeing a desired quality of experience (QoE) while simultaneously saving energy is a challenge; but undoubtedly both energy efficiency and the QoE have been essential aspects for the provision of real‐time services, such as voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), voice over LTE, and mobile broadband in 4G networks and beyond. This paper focuses on human voice communications and proposes a Gaussian process regression algorithm that is capable of recognizing patterns of silence and predicts its duration in human conversations, with a prediction error as low as 1.87%. The proposed machine learning mechanism saves energy by switching OFF/ON the radio frequency interface, in order to extend the UE autonomy without harming QoE. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism compared with the related literature, showing improvements in energy savings of more than 30% while ensuring a desired QoE level with low computational cost.
Spatially resolved spectroscopy across stellar surfaces
Authors: Dravins Dainis , Ludwig Hans-Günter , Freytag Bernd 
Published: February 2021

Context. High-precision stellar analyses require hydrodynamic 3D modeling. Testing such models is feasible by retrieving spectral line shapes across stellar disks, using differential spectroscopy during exoplanet transits. Observations were presented in Papers I, II, and III, while Paper IV explored synthetic data at hyper-high spectral resolution for different classes of stars, identifying characteristic patterns for Fe I and Fe II lines.
Aims. Anticipating future observations, the observability of patterns among photospheric lines of different strength, excitation potential and ionization level are examined from synthetic spectra, as observed at ordinary spectral resolutions and at different levels of noise. Time variability in 3D atmospheres induces changes in spectral-line parameters, some of which are correlated. An adequate calibration could identify proxies for the jitter in apparent radial velocity to enable adjustments to actual stellar radial motion.
Methods. We used spectral-line patterns identified in synthetic spectra at hyper-high resolution in Paper IV from 3D models spanning Teff = 3964–6726 K (spectral types ~K8 V–F3 V) to simulate practically observable signals at different stellar disk positions at various lower spectral resolutions, down to λ/Δλ = 75 000. We also examined the center-to-limb temporal variability.
Results. Recovery of spatially resolved line profiles with fitted widths and depths is shown for various noise levels, with gradual degradation at successively lower spectral resolutions. Signals during exoplanet transit are simulated. In addition to Rossiter-McLaughlin type signatures in apparent radial velocity, analogous effects are shown for line depths and widths. In a solar model, temporal variability in line profiles and apparent radial velocity shows correlations between jittering in apparent radial velocity and fluctuations in line depth.
Conclusions. Spatially resolved spectroscopy using exoplanet transits is feasible for main-sequence stars. Overall line parameters of width, depth and wavelength position can be retrieved already with moderate efforts, but a very good signal-to-noise ratio is required to reveal the more subtle signatures between subgroups of spectral lines, where finer details of atmospheric structure are encoded. Fluctuations in line depth correlate with those in wavelength, and because both can be measured from the ground, searches for low-mass exoplanets should explore these to adjust apparent radial velocities to actual stellar motion.
Evidenzbasierte Leitlinienentwicklung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie (DGN) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurorehabilitation (DGNR) - Methodik für die systematische Evidenzbasierung
Authors: Platz Thomas 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungEvidenzbasierte Leitlinien, die entweder von einer Fachgesellschaft (S2e-Leitlinien) oder fachgesellschaftsübergreifend (S3-Leitlinien) erstellt werden, verbinden mit hoher Entwicklungsqualität die derzeit beste verfügbare externe Evidenz (Studienlage) mit daraus abgeleiteten Empfehlungen für die klinische Praxis. Bei einer fachgesellschaftsübergreifenden Entwicklung werden die Empfehlungen zudem in einem strukturierten Konsensusverfahren formal konsentiert. Sie generieren damit für Kliniker eine hohe Sicherheit, bei ihren Entscheidungen den Stand der Wissenschaft adäquat zu berücksichtigen. Basierend auf der Leitlinienentwicklungsmethodik der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für wissenschaftliche medizinische Fachgesellschaften (AWMF), haben sich die DGN und DGNR auf Standards der Umsetzung der Leitlinienentwicklungsmethodik für die Evidenzbasierung ihrer Leitlinien verständigt, die hier dokumentiert werden. Dem Leser und Nutzer von evidenzbasierten Leitlinien machen sie verständlich, welche inhaltlich-methodischen Aspekte zu berücksichtigen sind, wenn aus der Datenlage aus klinischen Studien Praxisempfehlungen abgeleitet werden sollen.
Kritische Physiotherapie: die deutschsprachige Sektion des Critical Physiotherapy Network (DCPN) stellt sich vor
Authors: Maric Filip , El-Seoud Nadia , Becker Mirjam , Czernik Claudia , Halm Erik , Moers Stephanie , Richter Robert , Rogan Slavko , Vogel Barbara , Zuber Stefan , Höppner Heidi 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Zu den Veränderungen in der Welt, die für Gesundheitsberufe von Bedeutung sind, gehören der tiefgreifende soziale und demografische Wandel, zunehmende Technologisierung, Digitalisierung, Umweltzerstörung sowie die Ökonomisierung des Gesundheitswesens. Diese komplexen, neuen Herausforderungen verlangen Anpassungen von Berufsrollen und Aufgaben aller Fachkräfte im Gesundheitssystem.
Ziel Zeitgemäßer Fortschritt in der Physiotherapie ist nur auf Basis einer grundsätzlichen kritischen Analyse und Weiterentwicklung möglich. 2014 gründete sich das Critical Physiotherapy Network (CPN), das diese kritische Arbeit weltweit durch Forschung, Veröffentlichungen, Kurse und Konferenzbeiträge vorantreibt. Mit einer wachsenden Zahl von Mitgliedern aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum war es Zeit, eine deutschsprachige CPN-Sektion (DCPN) ins Leben zu rufen, um die Vernetzung und Zusammenarbeit zu erleichtern und die im deutschsprachigen Raum noch junge Kritische Physiotherapie zu fördern.
Methode Beantwortung erster Fragen hinsichtlich Notwendigkeit, Ziele, Arbeitsweise, Handlungsfelder und Perspektiven der Kritischen Physiotherapie. Methodologisch eng mit der qualitativen Forschung verwandt, ermöglicht die Kritische Physiotherapie eine professionelle Weiterentwicklung, die sich an den Bedürfnissen von Individuum und Gesellschaft in ihrer ökologischen Eingebundenheit orientiert.
Schlussfolgerung Durch das Hinterfragen von Selbstverständlichkeiten und Grundfesten der physiotherapeutischen Handlungspraxis und Wissenschaft eröffnet die Kritische Physiotherapie ein neues Selbstverständnis und neue Handlungsräume.
Sauerstofftherapie bei Kandidaten zur Lungentransplantation − eine monozentrische retrospektive Analyse von 807 Patienten
Authors: Haarmeyer G.-S. , Valtin C. , Gottlieb J. 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Die Sauerstofflangzeittherapie wird häufig bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen Lungenerkrankungen und respiratorischer Insuffizienz angewandt. Eine Behandlung mit Sauerstoff hat Einfluss auf die Organzuteilung auf der Warteliste zur Lungentransplantation und ist mit Sterblichkeit auf der Warteliste assoziiert. Die Studie untersuchte die Sauerstofftherapie bei Patienten zur Evaluation einer Lungentransplantation.
Methode Eine retrospektive Untersuchung wurde in einem großen deutschen Transplantationszentrum zwischen September 2011 und Januar 2019 durchgeführt, Daten der Sauerstofftherapie wurden untersucht und die Indikation überprüft. Der Untersuchungszeitraum wurde in 2 Perioden vor und nach der Einführung von Empfehlungen zur Sauerstofftitration im 3. Quartal 2015 eingeteilt. Die Daten wurden zuerst univariat und dann multivariat mit dem Endpunkt „Aufnahme in die Warteliste“ analysiert.
Ergebnisse 807 Patienten wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen, 396 in der ersten und 411 Patienten in der zweiten Periode. Von allen wurden 293 Patienten (36,3 %) im Beobachtungszeitraum transplantiert. 630 (78 %) der Patienten gaben eine Sauerstofftherapie von über 12 Stunden des Tages an. Nach Einführung der Sauerstofftitration konnte in Periode 2 bei 212 (57 %) von 372 Patienten die Indikation einer Sauerstofflangzeittherapie bei Erstvorstellung bestätigt werden. Der Sauerstofffluss bei Blutgasanalysen zur Kontrolle war in Periode 2 mit 0,5 l/min (25 und 75 %-Quartile 0,0 – 2,0) gegenüber 2 l/min (25 und 75 %-Quartile 0,5 – 3,0) deutlich niedriger. In einer multivariaten Analyse war als unabhängige Variable der Sauerstofffluss mit der Aufnahme auf die Warteliste assoziiert.
Schlussfolgerung Kandidaten zur Lungentransplantation wenden häufig eine Sauerstofflangzeittherapie an. Die Indikation sollte kritisch überprüft werden. Die Indikation zur Sauerstofflangzeittherapie scheint mit der Wahrscheinlichkeit der Aufnahme auf die Warteliste zur Lungentransplantation assoziiert zu sein und könnte in Zukunft ein Selektionskriterium dafür darstellen.
Twin pregnancies
Authors: Ochsenbein-Kölble Nicole 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTwin pregnancies, resulting in 2–3 % of all deliveries, are high risk pregnancies which need specialized care. A correct dating of pregnancy and the assessment of the chorionicity/amnionicity in the first trimester (< = 13 + 6 gestational weeks, GW) is essential for further monitoring. During first trimester risk stratification of monochorionic pregnancies includes evaluation of discordance of crown-rump-lengths, nuchal translucencies and amniotic fluid. At 16 GW sonographic risk evaluation of monochorionic twins involves differences in amniotic fluid and abdominal circumferences and detection of a velamentous cord insertion. A screening for fetal malformations with cervical length measurement as screening for preterm birth (cut-off < 25 mm) should be offered all twin pregnancies around 20 GW. In uncomplicated dichorionic pregnancies US examination should be performed every 4 weeks onwards to check fetal growth and amniotic fluid. An intertwin weight discordance > 20 % identifies pregnancies at increased risk of adverse outcome. Monochorionic pregnancies should be followed at least every two weeks for screening of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), twin-anemia-polycythemia-sequence (TAPS) and selective fetal growth retardation (sFGR) with a start at 16 GW. The type 1–3 classification of sFGR in monochorionic twins depends on the pattern of end-diastolic velocity at the umbilical artery Doppler. The diagnosis of TTTS requires the presence of an oligyohydramnios (deepest vertical pocket (DVP) < 2 cm) in the donor twin and a polyhydramnios (DVP > 8 cm) in the recipient twin. However, the diagnosis of TAPS is based on the finding of discordant MCA Doppler values with a delta-MCA PV > 0.5 MoM.
Nicht diagnostizierte internetbezogene Störungen im psychotherapeutischen Versorgungssystem: Prävalenz und geschlechtsspezifische Besonderheiten
Authors: Scherer Lara , Mader Lisa , Wölfling Klaus , Beutel Manfred E. , Dieris-Hirche Jan , Müller Kai W. 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Internetbezogene Störungen (IBS) sind durch eine unkontrollierte Nutzung gekennzeichnet und gehen mit psychosozialen Beeinträchtigungen und einer erhöhten Rate anderer psychischer Erkrankungen einher. Ziel der Studie war die Identifikation nicht diagnostizierter IBS und die Bestimmung geschlechtsspezifischer Unterschiede in unterschiedlichen Einrichtungen des psychotherapeutischen Versorgungssystems.
Methodik In 19 Einrichtungen wurden 501 Patienten (65,3 % Frauen) rekrutiert.
Ergebnisse 20,7 % der Männer und 15,9 % der Frauen wiesen eine komorbide IBS auf. Die IBS wurde bei 94,6 % der Frauen und 66,6 % der Männer von den Behandlern nicht erkannt. Sehr häufig traten bei IBS-Betroffenen auch affektive Störungen und stoffgebundene Suchterkrankungen auf. Frauen waren signifikant häufiger von Ess- und Persönlichkeitsstörungen betroffen, Männer signifikant häufiger von pathologischem Glücksspiel.
Schlussfolgerung Im psychotherapeutischen Versorgungssystem bleibt ein großer Teil der IBS unentdeckt. Frauen mit IBS weisen als Einweisungsdiagnose andere Störungen auf und sind häufiger von schweren psychischen Störungen betroffen als Männer.
Routine Postoperative Management of Blepharoplasty: A Review of Current Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Malik Mohsan , Shamil Eamon , D'Souza Alwyn Ray 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdvances in blepharoplasty have resulted in an improved understanding of preoperative risk factors, intraoperative hemostasis, and wound closure. This has reduced the risk of severe adverse events. The aim of this review is to determine the current evidence base for routine postblepharoplasty management. A literature review was performed using MEDLINE, PUBMED, and EMBASE databases. Expanded search criterion “bleph*” was combined with individual terms assessing postoperative management. Articles were assessed and qualified as per Oxford Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine levels 1 to 5 (1 = highest level of evidence). A total of 47 unique articles matched our search strategy. Most articles were a description of individual expert opinion, surveys of practice, or case series (level 4–5 evidence). Few randomized controlled trials were performed (level 2). Many articles describe the clinical experience of senior facial plastic surgeons. Our review found some evidence for postoperative cooling and preincision antisepsis to be effective. This review highlights the need for higher-quality studies to improve the evidence base for routine postoperative management.
Postextubation Noninvasive Ventilation in Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: El-Farrash Rania A. , DiBlasi Robert M. , AbdEL-Aziz Eman A. , El-Tahry Adham M. , Eladawy Mohammed S. , Tadros Mourad A. , Koriesh Mohamed A. , Farid John V. , AbdElwahab Riham S. , Elsayed Medhat A. , Barakat Noha M. 
Published: February 2021

Objective Successful extubation and prevention of reintubation remain primary goals in neonatal ventilation. Our aim was to compare three modalities of postextubation respiratory support—noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), nasal bilevel positive airway pressure (N-BiPAP), and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP)—using the RAM cannula in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Our secondary aim was to define the predictors of successful extubation.
Study Design A total of 120 preterm neonates (gestational age ≤35 weeks) with RDS who had undergone primary invasive ventilation were randomized to receive either NIPPV, N-BiPAP, or NCPAP. The incidence of respiratory failure in the first 48 hours postextubation, total days of invasive and noninvasive ventilation, duration of hospitalization, and mortality were measured and compared among the three different noninvasive support modalities.
Results There were no significant differences in the postextubation respiratory failure rates and the number of days of invasive as well as noninvasive ventilation among the three different support modalities (p > 0.05). The total number of days of mechanical ventilation and the duration of hospitalization were significantly higher in the N-BiPAP group than those in the NCPAP or NIPPV groups (p < 0.05). A gestational age of at least 29 weeks and a birth weight of at least 1.4 kg were predictive of successful extubation with a sensitivity of 98.2 and 85.3% and a specificity of 63.6 and 90.9%, respectively.
Conclusion Longer durations of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization were observed with N-BiPAP as a noninvasive mode of ventilation, but there was no significant difference in the extubation failure rates among the three modalities. Gestational age and birth weight were shown to be independent predictors of successful extubation of preterm neonates with RDS.
Key Points
Gestational and Age-Specific Cystatin C Reference Intervals for Newborns
Authors: Tong Chao , Liu Yalan , Wu Yanqiu , Li Qiong , Wu Yipin , Wang Lin , Chen Yan 
Published: February 2021

Objective Cystatin C (CysC) references are useful for the monitoring of renal function in neonates. However, the standard CysC references in newborn infants have not been determined. The aim of this study was to establish a useful reference range for CysC in newborns.
Study Design Serum CysC levels were measured in 1,919 blood samples from 1,044 newborns during their first 28 days of life. CysC levels were analyzed for associations between subgroups dichotomized by postnatal age (PA) and gestational age (GA). The serum CysC reference intervals were determined according to the PA and GA. The associations between the serum CysC level and other biochemical parameters as well as perinatal factors were also analyzed.
Results In this study, the mean GA was 35.8 ± 2.9 weeks and the birth weight (BW) was 2,614 ± 697 g. Reference ranges of serum CysC were determined, and a general decreasing trend of CysC levels was observed as the GA increased. CysC levels differed significantly among the PA and GA categories (p < 0.001). Serum CysC levels were relatively stable throughout the GA range but were impacted by the white blood cell count within the first postnatal 24 hours. Moreover, CysC levels always correlated positively with serum creatinine concentrations (p < 0.001). Serum Cr levels were influenced by multiple factors, including BW, GA, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and blood urea nitrogen.
Conclusion Reference levels of serum CysC should be determined according to the PA and GA. In contrast to Cr, serum CysC is a reliable index for assessing renal function in neonates as it is influenced by very few factors. The CysC reference levels will allow neonatologists to accurately evaluate renal function in the neonatal population.
Key Points