bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient graph‐based tensile strength simulations of random fiber structures
Authors: Harmening Marc , Marheineke Nicole , Wegener Raimund 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a model‐simulation framework for virtual tensile strength testing of random fiber structures, such as those in nonwoven materials. The focus is on efficient handling of the problem‐inherent multi‐scales and randomness. In particular, the interplay between random microstructure and deterministic structural production‐related features on the macro‐scale makes classical homogenization‐based approaches computationally complex and costly. In our approach we model the fiber structure as graph‐based and of truss‐type, equipped with a nonlinear elastic material law. The tensile strength test is described by a sequence of force equilibria with varied boundary conditions. Its embedding into a singularly perturbed dynamical system is advantageous with respect to statements on solution theory and convergence of numerical methods. A problem‐tailored data reduction provides additional speed‐up, while Monte‐Carlo simulations account for randomness. This work serves as a proof of concept and opens the field for optimization.
Effect of cryopreservation on DNA damage and DNA repair activity in human blood samples in the comet assay
Authors: Bankoglu Ezgi Eyluel , Stipp Franzisca , Gerber Johanna , Seyfried Florian , Heidland August , Bahner Udo , Stopper Helga 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe comet assay is a commonly used method to determine DNA damage and repair activity in many types of samples. In recent years, the use of the comet assay in human biomonitoring became highly attractive due to its various modified versions, which may be useful to determine individual susceptibility in blood samples. However, in human biomonitoring studies, working with large sample numbers that are acquired over an extended time period requires some additional considerations. One of the most important issues is the storage of samples and its effect on the outcome of the comet assay. Another important question is the suitability of different blood preparations. In this study, we analysed the effect of cryopreservation on DNA damage and repair activity in human blood samples. In addition, we investigated the suitability of different blood preparations. The alkaline and FPG as well as two different types of repair comet assay and an in vitro hydrogen peroxide challenge were applied. Our results confirmed that cryopreserved blood preparations are suitable for investigating DNA damage in the alkaline and FPG comet assay in whole blood, buffy coat and PBMCs. Ex vivo hydrogen peroxide challenge yielded its optimal effect in isolated PBMCs. The utilised repair comet assay with either UVC or hydrogen peroxide-induced lesions and an aphidicolin block worked well in fresh PBMCs. Cryopreserved PBMCs could not be used immediately after thawing. However, a 16-h recovery with or without mitotic stimulation enabled the application of the repair comet assay, albeit only in a surviving cell fraction.
Key role of exopolysaccharide on di-butyl phthalate adsorbing by Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC18980
Authors: Fan Yu-Hang , Shen Yi-Lin , Lin Zhi-Wei , Zhou Ying , Ye Bang-Ce 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Plasticizers belong to hormone-like substances existing widely in the environment. According to the Environmental Protection Agency of China, they are considered to be the fourth class of toxic chemicals due to their harmful effects on normal endocrine system in human bodies. In the recent published work of our lab, Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC18980 (strain P1) could reduce the toxicity of di-butyl phthalate (DBP) in rats effectively. The purpose of this study is to further explore the adsorption mechanism of di-butyl phthalate to L. plantarum CGMCC18980, based on optimizing the adsorption conditions. As a consequence, the adsorption effect of L. plantarum CGMCC18980 attributed to relationships between exopolysaccharide, membrane protein, and the cell wall. Experimental results demonstrated that exopolysaccharide and the cell wall were devoted to DBP binding. An obvious adsorption layer was observed outside of L. plantarum CGMCC18980 through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that the functional groups involved in adsorption were mainly C=O, C-N, and C-O, which related to lipids and polysaccharides. Zeta potential analysis indicated that DBP adsorption had no significant relationship with surface charge. These results revealed that exopolysaccharide may be the key factor of strain CGMCC18980 in DBP adsorption.

Key points
• Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC18980 has the ability to adsorb di-butyl phthalate, reaching to 58.63%.
• Exopolysaccharide is considered to play a key role in adsorption process.
• Membrane protein, cell wall, and surface charge do not contribute to adsorption.
Just another “Clever Hans”? Neural networks and FDG PET-CT to predict the outcome of patients with breast cancer
Authors: Weber Manuel , Kersting David , Umutlu Lale , Schäfers Michael , Rischpler Christoph , Fendler Wolfgang P. , Buvat Irène , Herrmann Ken , Seifert Robert 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Manual quantification of the metabolic tumor volume (MTV) from whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT is time consuming and therefore usually not applied in clinical routine. It has been shown that neural networks might assist nuclear medicine physicians in such quantification tasks. However, little is known if such neural networks have to be designed for a specific type of cancer or whether they can be applied to various cancers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a neural network in a cancer that was not used for its training.

Methods
Fifty consecutive breast cancer patients that underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT were included in this retrospective analysis. The PET-Assisted Reporting System (PARS) prototype that uses a neural network trained on lymphoma and lung cancer 18F-FDG PET/CT data had to detect pathological foci and determine their anatomical location. Consensus reads of two nuclear medicine physicians together with follow-up data served as diagnostic reference standard; 1072 18F-FDG avid foci were manually segmented. The accuracy of the neural network was evaluated with regard to lesion detection, anatomical position determination, and total tumor volume quantification.

Results
If PERCIST measurable foci were regarded, the neural network displayed high per patient sensitivity and specificity in detecting suspicious 18F-FDG foci (92%; CI = 79–97% and 98%; CI = 94–99%). If all FDG-avid foci were regarded, the sensitivity degraded (39%; CI = 30–50%). The localization accuracy was high for body part (98%; CI = 95–99%), region (88%; CI = 84–90%), and subregion (79%; CI = 74–84%). There was a high correlation of AI derived and manually segmented MTV (R2 = 0.91; p < 0.001). AI-derived whole-body MTV (HR = 1.275; CI = 1.208–1.713; p < 0.001) was a significant prognosticator for overall survival. AI-derived lymph node MTV (HR = 1.190; CI = 1.022–1.384; p = 0.025) and liver MTV (HR = 1.149; CI = 1.001–1.318; p = 0.048) were predictive for overall survival in a multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
Although trained on lymphoma and lung cancer, PARS showed good accuracy in the detection of PERCIST measurable lesions. Therefore, the neural network seems not prone to the clever Hans effect. However, the network has poor accuracy if all manually segmented lesions were used as reference standard. Both the whole body and organ-wise MTV were significant prognosticators of overall survival in advanced breast cancer.
Novel Genes Required for Surface-Associated Motility in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Blaschke Ulrike , Skiebe Evelyn , Wilharm Gottfried 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic and increasingly multi-drug resistant human pathogen rated as a critical priority one pathogen for the development of new antibiotics by the WHO in 2017. Despite the lack of flagella, A. baumannii can move along wet surfaces in two different ways: via twitching motility and surface-associated motility. While twitching motility is known to depend on type IV pili, the mechanism of surface-associated motility is poorly understood. In this study, we established a library of 30 A. baumannii ATCC® 17978™ mutants that displayed deficiency in surface-associated motility. By making use of natural competence, we also introduced these mutations into strain 29D2 to differentiate strain-specific versus species-specific effects of mutations. Mutated genes were associated with purine/pyrimidine/folate biosynthesis (e.g. purH, purF, purM, purE), alarmone/stress metabolism (e.g. Ap4A hydrolase), RNA modification/regulation (e.g. methionyl-tRNA synthetase), outer membrane proteins (e.g. ompA), and genes involved in natural competence (comEC). All tested mutants originally identified as motility-deficient in strain ATCC® 17978™ also displayed a motility-deficient phenotype in 29D2. By contrast, further comparative characterization of the mutant sets of both strains regarding pellicle biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and virulence in the Galleria mellonella infection model revealed numerous strain-specific mutant phenotypes. Our studies highlight the need for comparative analyses to characterize gene functions in A. baumannii and for further studies on the mechanisms underlying surface-associated motility.
Bioerosion ichnodiversity in barnacles from the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Meyer Neele , Wisshak Max , Freiwald André 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBreakdown of skeletal and lithic hard substrates by organisms, a process referred to as bioerosion, is part of the global carbon cycle and receives increased attention, but little is known about bioerosion in polar environments. Here, we study bioerosion traces (addressed by their respective ichnotaxa) recorded in the barnacle Bathylasma corolliforme from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Traces were visualized via scanning electron microscopy of epoxy casts prepared with the vacuum cast-embedding technique. In 50 samples from shallow 37 m to bathyal 1680 m water depths, 16 different bioerosion traces were found, classified into microborings presumably produced by cyanobacteria (1), chlorophytes (1), fungi (9), foraminifera (1), unknown organotrophs (5), and macroborings produced by cirripeds (1). Statistical ichnodiversity analysis resulted in a significant (p = 0.001) ANOSIM with moderate differences (R = 0.5) between microbioerosion trace assemblages at different water depths and revealed two main clusters (NMDS, SIMPROF) corresponding to the photic and aphotic stations. A comparison between this study and a corresponding study from the Svalbard archipelago, Arctic Ocean, shows that the ichnodiversity in calcareous barnacle skeletons is similar in polar waters of both hemispheres. This includes several ichnotaxa that are indicative for cool- to cold-water environments, such as Flagrichnus baiulus and Saccomorpha guttulata. Nine of the investigated ichnotaxa occur in both polar regions and seven ichnotaxa show an extensive bathymetrical range down to the deep sea at bathyal 1680 m water depth.
To buy or not to buy—evaluating commercial AI solutions in radiology (the ECLAIR guidelines)
Authors: Omoumi Patrick , Ducarouge Alexis , Tournier Antoine , Harvey Hugh , Kahn Charles E. , Louvet-de Verchère Fanny , Pinto Dos Santos Daniel , Kober Tobias , Richiardi Jonas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has made impressive progress over the past few years, including many applications in medical imaging. Numerous commercial solutions based on AI techniques are now available for sale, forcing radiology practices to learn how to properly assess these tools. While several guidelines describing good practices for conducting and reporting AI-based research in medicine and radiology have been published, fewer efforts have focused on recommendations addressing the key questions to consider when critically assessing AI solutions before purchase. Commercial AI solutions are typically complicated software products, for the evaluation of which many factors are to be considered. In this work, authors from academia and industry have joined efforts to propose a practical framework that will help stakeholders evaluate commercial AI solutions in radiology (the ECLAIR guidelines) and reach an informed decision. Topics to consider in the evaluation include the relevance of the solution from the point of view of each stakeholder, issues regarding performance and validation, usability and integration, regulatory and legal aspects, and financial and support services.

Key Points
• Numerous commercial solutions based on artificial intelligence techniques are now available for sale, and radiology practices have to learn how to properly assess these tools.
• We propose a framework focusing on practical points to consider when assessing an AI solution in medical imaging, allowing all stakeholders to conduct relevant discussions with manufacturers and reach an informed decision as to whether to purchase an AI commercial solution for imaging applications.
• Topics to consider in the evaluation include the relevance of the solution from the point of view of each stakeholder, issues regarding performance and validation, usability and integration, regulatory and legal aspects, and financial and support services.
Prevalence of colorectal cancer and its precursor lesions in symptomatic patients under 55 years of age undergoing total colonoscopy: results of a large retrospective, multicenter, controlled endoscopy study
Authors: Stratmann Katharina , Czerwinska Katarzyna , Filmann Natalie , Tacke Wolfgang , Weber Christoph , Bock Herbert , Blumenstein Irina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in Germany. Around 60,000 people were diagnosed CRC in 2016 in Germany. Since 2019, screening colonoscopies are offered in Germany for men by the age of 50 and for women by the age of 55. It is recently discussed if women should also undergo a screening colonoscopy by the age of 50 and if there are any predictors for getting CRC.

Methods
Colonoscopies of 1553 symptomatic patients younger than 55 years were compared with colonoscopies of 1075 symptomatic patients older than 55 years. We analyzed if there are any significant differences between those two groups in the prevalence of CRC and its precursor lesions or between symptomatic men and women. We evaluated if there is a correlation between abdominal symptoms and the prevalence of CRC.

Results
In 164/1553 symptomatic patients, 194 (12.5%) polyps were detected. In total, six colorectal carcinomas (0.4%) were detected. There were no significant differences between men and women. In symptomatic patients ≥ 55 years, significantly more polyps were found (p<0.0001; 26.6% vs. 12.5%). Totally, 286 polyps (26.6%) were removed in 1075 symptomatic patients older than 55 years. Anorectal bleeding was the only abdominal symptom being a significant indicator for the prevalence of the occurrence of colon and rectum cancer in both groups (p=0.03, OR=2.73 95%-CI [1.11;6.70]), but with only low sensitivity (44%).

Conclusion
Due to no significant differences in men and women, we recommend screening colonoscopies also for women by the age of 50.
Veränderungen von Wohlbefinden und privater Unterstützung für Ältere: ein Blick auf die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie im Frühsommer 2020
Authors: Brandt Martina , Garten Claudius , Grates Miriam , Kaschowitz Judith , Quashie Nekehia , Schmitz Alina 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Pilotstudie „Gesundheit und Unterstützung in Zeiten von Corona“ (Technische Universität Dortmund) erhob vom Mai bis Juli 2020 Veränderungen von Unterstützung und Wohlbefinden Älterer infolge der COVID-19-Pandemie.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel war es, empirische Erkenntnisse zu den sozialen und mentalen Folgen der Pandemie für in Privathaushalten lebende Personen der Altersgruppe 40+ Jahre zu gewinnen. Betrachtet wurden durch die Pandemie bedingte Änderungen im Erhalt und im Leisten von Unterstützung (u. a. persönliche Pflege, Hilfe im Haushalt) und Betreuungsprobleme sowie Veränderungen des Wohlbefindens.

Material und Methoden
Mithilfe deskriptiver und multivariater Analysen wurde untersucht, wie sich im Zuge der Pandemie Unterstützungsmuster änderten, ob Betreuungsprobleme entstanden, und ob sich in diesem Zuge des Wohlbefinden (Lebenszufriedenheit und Einsamkeit) veränderte.

Ergebnisse
Im Zuge der Pandemie zogen sich insbesondere Ältere und Hochaltrige aus der Unterstützung für andere zurück. Frauen berichteten häufiger von Betreuungsproblemen mit älteren Angehörigen. Das Wohlbefinden verringerte sich insgesamt, am deutlichsten aber bei Frauen und Hochaltrigen. Die multivariaten Analysen verdeutlichen, dass Betreuungsprobleme mit älteren Angehörigen im Zuge der Pandemie mit geringerem Wohlbefinden einhergingen.

Diskussion
Unsere Pilotstudie zeigt deutliche Änderungen in Unterstützungsmustern und im Wohlbefinden der Befragten. Viele berichten von mehr Einsamkeit und geringerer Lebenszufriedenheit als vor der Pandemie – insbesondere Frauen, die Unterstützungsleistungen für andere erbringen. Sorgearbeit wird durch die Pandemie und die Maßnahmen zu ihrer Bekämpfung erschwert. Zukünftige Kontaktbeschränkungen sollten mit Bedacht eingesetzt werden und dies im Blick haben.
Infectivity of deceased COVID-19 patients
Authors: Plenzig Stefanie , Bojkova D. , Held H. , Berger A. , Holz F. , Cinatl J. , Gradhand E. , Kettner M. , Pfeiffer A. , Verhoff M. A. , Ciesek S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe duration of infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) in living patients has been demarcated. In contrast, a possible SARS-CoV-2 infectivity of corpses and subsequently its duration under post mortem circumstances remain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the infectivity and its duration of deceased COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) patients. Four SARS-CoV-2 infected deceased patients were subjected to medicolegal autopsy. Post mortem intervals (PMI) of 1, 4, 9 and 17 days, respectively, were documented. During autopsy, swabs and organ samples were taken and examined by RT-qPCR (real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA). Determination of infectivity was performed by means of virus isolation in cell culture. In two cases, virus isolation was successful for swabs and tissue samples of the respiratory tract (PMI 4 and 17 days). The two infectious cases showed a shorter duration of COVID-19 until death than the two non-infectious cases (2 and 11 days, respectively, compared to > 19 days), which correlates with studies of living patients, in which infectivity could be narrowed to about 6 days before to 12 days after symptom onset. Most notably, infectivity was still present in one of the COVID-19 corpses after a post-mortem interval of 17 days and despite already visible signs of decomposition. To prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections in all professional groups involved in the handling and examination of COVID-19 corpses, adequate personal safety standards (reducing or avoiding aerosol formation and wearing FFP3 [filtering face piece class 3] masks) have to be enforced for routine procedures.
Does endometrial morular metaplasia represent odontogenic differentiation?
Authors: Travaglino Antonio , Raffone Antonio , Russo Daniela , Guadagno Elia , Pignatiello Sara , Moretta Paola , Zullo Fulvio , Del Basso De Caro Marialaura , Insabato Luigi , Mascolo Massimo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe nature of endometrial morular metaplasia (MorM) is still unknown. The nuclear β-catenin accumulation and the not rare ghost cell keratinization suggest a similarity with hard keratin-producing odontogenic and hair matrix tumors rather than with squamous differentiation. We aimed to compare MorM to hard keratin-producing tumors. Forty-one hard keratin-producing tumors, including 26 hair matrix tumors (20 pilomatrixomas and 6 pilomatrix carcinomas) and 15 odontogenic tumors (adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas), were compared to 15 endometrioid carcinomas with MorM with or without squamous/keratinizing features. Immunohistochemistry for β-catenin, CD10, CDX2, ki67, p63, CK5/6, CK7, CK8/18, CK19, and pan-hard keratin was performed; 10 cases of endometrioid carcinomas with conventional squamous differentiation were used as controls. In adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas, the β-catenin-accumulating cell clusters (whorl-like structures) were morphologically similar to MorM (round syncytial aggregates of bland cells with round-to-spindled nuclei and profuse cytoplasm), with overlapping squamous/keratinizing features (clear cells with prominent membrane, rounded squamous formations, ghost cells). Both MorM and whorl-like structures consistently showed positivity for CD10 and CDX2, with low ki67; cytokeratins pattern was also overlapping, although more variable. Hard keratin was focally/multifocally positive in 8 MorM cases and focally in one conventional squamous differentiation case. Hair matrix tumors showed no morphological or immunophenotypical overlap with MorM. MorM shows wide morphological and immunophenotypical overlap with the whorl-like structures of adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas, which are analogous to enamel knots of tooth development. This suggests that MorM might be an aberrant mimic of odontogenic differentiation.
An advanced empirical model for quantifying the impact of heat and climate change on human physical work capacity
Authors: Foster Josh , Smallcombe James W. , Hodder Simon , Jay Ollie , Flouris Andreas D. , Nybo Lars , Havenith George 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOccupational heat stress directly hampers physical work capacity (PWC), with large economic consequences for industries and regions vulnerable to global warming. Accurately quantifying PWC is essential for forecasting impacts of different climate change scenarios, but the current state of knowledge is limited, leading to potential underestimations in mild heat, and overestimations in extreme heat. We therefore developed advanced empirical equations for PWC based on 338 work sessions in climatic chambers (low air movement, no solar radiation) spanning mild to extreme heat stress. Equations for PWC are available based on air temperature and humidity, for a suite of heat stress assessment metrics, and mean skin temperature. Our models are highly sensitive to mild heat and to our knowledge are the first to include empirical data across the full range of warm and hot environments possible with future climate change across the world. Using wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) as an example, we noted 10% reductions in PWC at mild heat stress (WBGT = 18°C) and reductions of 78% in the most extreme conditions (WBGT = 40°C). Of the different heat stress indices available, the heat index was the best predictor of group level PWC (R2= 0.96) but can only be applied in shaded conditions. The skin temperature, but not internal/core temperature, was a strong predictor of PWC (R2= 0.88), thermal sensation (R2= 0.84), and thermal comfort (R2= 0.73). The models presented apply to occupational workloads and can be used in climate projection models to predict economic and social consequences of climate change.