bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WOMAN TO COLLECT $3.75 MILLION IN DIAPER DETERGENT ACCORD
Authors: L. J. F. 
Published: December 2021

ST. LOUIS (July 3 (AP)—A West German chemical company has agreed to pay $3.75 million to a woman who said her leukemia was caused by a detergent used to launder her diapers when she was a baby.
The woman, Fawna Wright, 23 years old, of Mound City, Ill., reached the settlement with the BASF Wyandotte Corporation on Monday. Her lawyers maintained that chemicals in the detergent Loxene might have harmed thousands of infants before it was pulled from the market in the 1960's...
Ms. Wright brought suit in 1985, charging that her illness was caused by chemicals in Loxene that included pentachlorophenol, a substance more widely used as a pesticide and wood preservative...
Is a Chest Radiograph Necessary in the Evaluation of Every Febrile Infant Less Than 8 Weeks of Age?
Authors: Crain Ellen F. , Bulas Dorothy , Bijur Polly E. , Goldman Harold S. 
Published: December 2021

This study was designed to examine the relationship between respiratory signs and the likelihood of having an abnormal chest radiograph in a sample of febrile infants less than 8 weeks of age. The sample consisted of 242 infants who were admitted during a 3-year period with temperatures ≥38°C (100.4°F) and had a chest radiograph. The house officer recorded the presence of respiratory signs and symptoms including rhinorrhea, tachypnea, cough, rales, wheezes, retractions, and rhonchi.
Each chest radiograph was reviewed independently according to predetermined criteria by a senior radiology resident and an attending pediatric radiologist. Interobserver agreement was 91%. Both observers were blind to the infants' respiratory signs. The chest radiograph interpretations were compared with the presence of respiratory signs. Of the 242 cases, 228 had chest radiographs available for interpretation. Of these, 27 chest radiographs (12%) were identified as abnormal, including 6 where there was initial disagreement as to the presence of an abnormality. Twenty-five (31%) of 80 infants with any respiratory signs had an abnormal chest radiograph, whereas only 2 (1%) of 148 asymptomatic infants did. The sensitivity of respiratory signs was 93% (confidence interval = 76% to 99%). These findings suggest that in the absence of respiratory signs, febrile infants are Unlikely to have an abnormal chest radiograph.
Can Clinical Judgment Detect Children with Speech-Language Problems?
Authors: CUNNINGHAM ROBERT D. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
In "Can Clinical Judgment Detect Children with Speech-Language Problems?"1 Dr Glascoe suggests that eliciting parental concerns is an effective means of prescreening children for speech-language problems and that prescreening should be done at all office visits. To minimize the number of children that elude detection by the prescreening, Dr Glascoe also suggests that every child should receive a full developmental screening using a standardized test sometime during the preschool years, even if the results of the prescreening are normal.
Causes of Encopresis
Authors: WEINTRAUB DAVID H. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
I was intrigued by Dr Pilapil's comments in his reply regarding the case of stool withholding reported by de Vos et al in the February 1991 issue of Pediatrics.1 It would be pertinent to consider some of the possible byproducts of one element of Pilapil's therapy of his case reported in the April 1990 issue of Pediatrics.2 One must be alert to the possible "anxiety-provoking situation" of exposing this 3-year-old child to the toileting functions of his family.
CURRENT URINARY MASS SCREENING FOR CATECHOLAMINE METABOLITES AT 6 MONTHS OF AGE MAY BE DETECTING ONLY A SMALL PORTION OF HIGH-RISK NEUROBLASTOMAS: A CHROMOSOME AND N-myc AMPLIFICATION STUDY
Authors: L. J. F. 
Published: December 2021

We studied 96 infants and children with untreated neuroblastomas. Chromosomes of tumor cells were analyzed in 68, and N-myc copy numbers were determined in 67 patients. Patients found by a mass screening program for 6-month-old infants (group A1, 39 patients) or those less than 12 months of age found clinically (group A2, 13 patients) were rarely in the disseminated stage . . .
. . . Most tumors found by the screening showed known characteristics predicting a good prognosis, and the majority of tumors showing characteristics predicting a poor prognosis were found in patients aged between 12 and 36 months. Our chromosome and N-myc amplification studies suggest that a low-risk tumor does not usually evolve to a high-risk tumor. Thus the current mass screening program may be detecting only a small portion of highly malignant neuroblastomas at the earliest stage. Infants should be screened twice, at 6 months as well as at 12 months of age, for the early detection of high-risk neuroblastomas.
PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC PHARMACOLOGY
Authors: L. J. F. 
Published: December 2021

The survey by the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association has identified 114 drugs and vaccines that are being developed specifically for pediatric use. . .
• The 114 medicines involve 127 clinical testing research projects, since some are being tested for more than one use. An example is Prokine, a colony stimulating factor being tested by Hoechst-Roussel and Immunex for two kinds of blood disorders, for cancer, and for bone marrow transplantation.
• 56 companies are involved in these research projects, a very broad base of companies that again, I think, reflects the strong research capabilities of the private sector.
• Nearly two-thirds of the projects are in the final stages of development: 45 are in the Phase III human clinical tests and another 35 are at the Food and Drug Administration for review.
• Fully a quarter of our research projects—32 to be exact—are for rare diseases and are designated as orphan drugs on the chart.
Use and Misuse of Oral Therapy for Diarrhea
Authors: O'BANION LAURA 
Published: December 2021

The article, "Use and Misuse of Oral Rehydration Therapy for Diarrhea," reveals a very low rate of pediatrician adherence to guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the World Health Organization for oral rehydration. I recently conducted a small study that may shed some light on one underlying factor.
A telephone survey of 14 major pharmacies, including the outpatient pharmacies of two teaching hospitals with departments of pediatrics, revealed that not a single pharmacy carried any of the recommended oral rehydration solutions.
In Reply: Use and Misuse of Oral Therapy for Diarrhea
Authors: SNYDER JOHN D. 
Published: December 2021

As Dr O'Banion points out, most of the oral therapy solutions available in the United States are classified as maintenance solutions by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). However, as mentioned in the paper, these solutions have proven to be very effective treatment for children with dehydration in this country.
Solutions conforming to the AAP recommendations as rehydration solutions are not as widely available in this country. The WHO/UNICEF oral rehydration salts formulation, which is supplied as inexpensive packets throughout the world, is not found easily in the US.
SIDS and Hypoxanthine
Authors: BECKWITH J. BRUCE 
Published: December 2021

The study by Rognum and Saugstad concerning elevated hypoxanthine levels in the vitreous humor of victims of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) made a laudable attempt to correct for postmortem increases in this marker of hypoxia, but I am concerned that the authors have not sufficiently recognized some characteristics of SIDS that could have confounded their study.
Because SIDS usually occurs unobserved during presumed sleep, with the body being discovered an undetermined number of hours later, the true postmortem interval is rarely known.
NEW YORK NURSERY SCHOOLS HARDER TO GET INTO THAN HARVARD!
Authors: L. J. F. 
Published: December 2021

All over New York this week, parents are nervously waiting to hear about school. Nursery school. . .
Getting into nursery school is much like everything else in this city: it is an ordeal. Applying to the schools, where for roughly $5,000 a year 3- and 4-year-olds spend a few hours a day in classrooms that look like toy stores, is a process that tests a parent's stamina and ingenuity. . .
What makes the admissions process even worse is how nursery school takes on a life-and-death importance. To many parents, who would deny this publicly, admission to certain nursery schools looms as the springboard to an Ivy League degree, if not success in adult life. . .
The applications asked all about my husband and myself, and why we were applying to the school. One inquired, "What are your child's special talents and abilities?"
At the age of 2, my child has talents that are yet to be determined.
". . .It is harder to get into our nursery school than it is to get into Harvard."
Clofibrate Treatment of Neonatal Jaundice
Authors: GABILAN J. C. , BENATTAR C. , LINDENBAUM A. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
I. Erkul, H. Yavuz, and A. Ozel's remarks concerning adverse and possibly pathogen effects of clofibrate in man are very important and deserve accurate answers. The potential carcinogenic effect of clofibrate in rat and mouse is well known; its mechanism has not been resolved, but it occurs only after extended treatment involving high doses of the drug.1-4 In man, some authors have speculated on the possible occurrence of colonic tumors, due to the increase in fecal excretion of cholesterol, degradation of which by intestinal bacteria might produce carcinogenic substances.5,6
Location of Port-Wine Stains and Likelihood of Complications
Authors: LUEDER GREGG T. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
I read with interest Location of Port-Wine Stains and the Likelihood of Ophthalmic and/or Central Nervous System Complications by Tallman et al.1 Knowing the incidence of complications in patients with port-wine stains (PWS) is important, both for counseling families regarding risks and for justifying screening recommendations. Although the article provides some useful information, I feel that further comment is warranted.
The authors found a 7% incidence of glaucoma in patients with PWS in the trigeminal distribution (18 of 274 patients).
Allergic Reactions to MMR Vaccine
Authors: KALET ADINA , BERGER DAVID K. , BATEMAN WILLIAM B. , DUBTTSKY JEFFREY , COVTTZ KATHLEEN 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
We are writing to notify health care providers that the risk of allergic reactions to the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine may be more common that recognized previously.1,2 Epidemiologic data suggest that life-threatening allergic reactions to the single antigen measles or MMR vaccine are extremely rare, less than 71.6 reactions per one million doses.2 Studies performed on college campuses reported no significant difference in reactions between the vaccine recipients and the unvaccinated controls, and no allergic reactions were reported after measles vaccination.3,4
Psychosocial Intervention
Authors: COHEN GEORGE J. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
Barry Zuckerman's commentary1 on family history and psychosocial intervention which appeared in the May 1991 issue of Pediatrics deserves the attention of every practicing pediatrician. Inquiring about mental health problems in the family history and guiding the affected family to help is a worthwhile approach to prevention of further disability.
In a similar vein, The National Consortium for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, of which the American Academy of Pediatrics is a member, recently issued the following position statement:
Responsible procedure in treatment, admission and discharge of hospitalized adult psychiatric patients is to record if there are children in the home, and, if so, to inquire about their mental, developmental and health status.
Department of Red Faces
Authors: CHAO JASON 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
There is a typographical error in Table 2 which accompanied the article "Safe Handling of Vaccines" by Casto and Brunell.1 On page 110, in the second column for poliovirus vaccine live (oral), it states that "it will remain fluid at temperatures above 14°C." This should read above minus (–)14°C. The correct information is contained in the package insert for oral poliovirus vaccine.
The Anser System
Authors: LEVINE M. D. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
In a report by Glascoe, Martin, and Humphrey,1 a comparative review of developmental screening tests was offered to readers of Pediatrics. With that review, the authors provided a description and comments on the Anser System.2 Its inclusion is perplexing, because the Anser System is not a developmental screening test.
The Anser System comprises a series of questionnaires for use by pediatricians (primarily) as part of the evaluation (but not the screening) of children with learning and developmental problems.
Perineal Confusion
Authors: KELLOGG NANCY D. , PARRA JUAN M. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Dr Eman's comments regarding our paper highlight several of the problems and the confusion encountered when trying to define normal and abnormal anogenital anatomy. Our study is the first to describe anatomically and scientifically the existence of the linea vestibularis.
We would like to summarize some of the points made in our paper. First, we described a white spot or line located in the midline of the posterior vestibule, but not extending to the posterior attachment of the hymen.
A Different View of Surfactant Development
Authors: PHIBBS RODERIC H. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Dr Kattwinkel suggests in his letter that there has been no serious effort by investigators in neonatology and pulmonary biology to identify the best possible surfactant for use for replacement therapy in hyaline membrane disease. Furthermore, he implies that there has been a national or perhaps international conspiracy to ignore natural human surfactant in the large clinical trials done to date. In reaching these opinions, Dr Kattwinkel seems to have ignored several facts of which he should be aware.
The Commercialization of Children's Television
Authors:   Committee on Communications
Published: December 2021

The principal goal of commercial children's television is to sell products to children. Advertisers use two approaches to sell their products. The traditional method intersperses commercials in programs that are attractive to children to promote products unrelated to the program. Foods and toys constitute the two most frequently advertised product categories. The second approach, instituted in 1982, features toy action figures as the main characters of a program. Because these programs promote specific toys and are often developed by the marketing divisions of toy companies, they are known more appropriately as "program-length commercials."
Young children are unable to distinguish between programs and commercials and do not understand that commercials are designed to sell products.1,2 This observation suggests that any advertising directed at young children is inherently unfair. Program-length commercials make distinctions between programs and commercials even more difficult.
In the past, broadcasters followed the commercial time limits developed by the National Association of Broadcasters. In 1984, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) declared that commercial time would be regulated by the marketplace. Subsequently, commercial time during children's programs increased dramatically. In addition, voluntary guidelines established by the toy industry suggesting that characters or products associated with a program should not appear in advertising within or adjacent to a program3 have been stretched.
The use of commercials and programs to sell products now forms a tight ring of commercialism around children's television from which young viewers cannot escape. Television programs promote toys. The same toys are used to promote cereals and other foods.
The Other View of Disposable Diapers
Authors: CAMPBELL ROBERT L. 
Published: December 2021

To The Editor.—
I'm writing to you to express my extreme disappointment at the publication of the commentary titled "Baby Bottoms and Environmental Conundrums: Disposable Diapers and the Pediatrician" that appeared in the August 1991 issue of Pediatrics.1
Public Health Issue About Diaper Disposal. The authors have treated briefly the issue of public health and diaper disposal.1,p387 The reader is left with a perception that discarded diapers pose public health hazards. While the issue of public health and the disposal of diapers and other solid wastes is important, it is treated neither adequately nor fairly in this commentary.
Mental Retardation and ADHD!
Authors: HANDEN BENJAMIN L. , FELDMAN HEIDI 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
We wholeheartedly agree with the cautions cited by Drs Voigt, Johnson, and Brown. Practitioners must be especially cautious in considering the diagnosis of ADHD among individuals who are mentally retarded, as deficits in attention, impulsivity, and activity level may be inappropriate for chronological age but appropriate for developmental level. Additionally, the need for nonpharmacologic treatment interventions to address social skill and learning deficits also must be considered carefully. Children with mental retardation may be at greater risk than nonretarded children for the inappropriate use of stimulant medication.
More on Dog-Bite Injuries
Authors: LACKMANN G. -M. , TÖLLNER U. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
With great interest we have read the article by Avner and Baker1 about dog bites in urban children. We would like to add some results of our own investigations.
In childhood, the face is the most frequent site of dog-bite injuries. Gonnering2 described a "central target region," consisting of nose, mouth, and periorbital region, which is afflicted in up to 78% of all children suffering dog bites. In 1990, we studied the clinical course and follow-up of 16 children aged 18 months to 14 years who were treated surgically at our hospital because of facial dog-bite injuries.3
Very Low Birth Weight Outcomes
Authors: HARRISON HELEN 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
The authors of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development report on neonatal care1 found "important" variations among neonatal intensive care units in philosophies of treatment, methods of treatment, and short-term outcomes. In a recent meta-analysis of follow-up studies,2 researchers document a similarly haphazard approach to the long-term evaluation of very low birth weight survivors. Until randomized controlled clinical trials validate the safety and efficacy of neonatal therapies, and until long-term outcomes are assessed accurately, the treatment of very low birth weight infants should be declared experimental.
Very Low Birth Weight Outcomes
Authors: HACK MAUREEN 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
The National Institutes of Health have recognized the need for randomized controlled clinical trials to validate the safety and efficacy of neonatal therapies, and it was specifically for this purpose that the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development initiated a Neonatal Intensive Care Network to conduct multicenter studies of therapeutic interventions. The Generic Database reported in our publication was developed specifically to provide baseline information for planning randomized clinical trials for very low birth weight infants, as noted in our publication.1,p588
Weight and Menstrual Function in Patients with Eating Disorders and Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: HERGENROEDER ALBERT C. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
This letter is in response to the article entitled "Weight and Menstrual Function in Patients with Eating Disorders and Cystic Fibrosis."1
Under "Methods," the authors describe a method for calculating percent ideal body weight by plotting the patient's height on standard growth curves derived from the data of Hamill et al,2 and the ideal body weight being the weight at the same percentile for age. Using the tables of Hamill to calculate percentages of height and weight for females older than 10 years and males older than 11½ years should be done cautiously.
Severe Protein S Deficiency in a Newborn
Authors: PEGELOW CHARLES H. , LEDFORD MARUIES , YOUNG JONELL , ZILLERUELO GASTON 
Published: December 2021

Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein which acts as a cofactor for the anticoagulant activity of protein C.1,2 With production under autosomal control, heterozygotes produce half-normal levels and thrombotic disease may develop.3-6 Although thromboses occur primarily in adults, there are isolated reports of their occurrence in affected children.7-13
Severe protein C deficiency results in a syndrome in which affected children develop multiple thromboses in the newborn period.14 A recent report described a child with homozygous protein S deficiency who presented with neonatal purpura fulminans and other thromboses similar to those found in protein C deficiency.15,16 In this report, we
Guidelines for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Children and Their Foster Families
Authors:   Task Force on Pediatric AIDS
Published: December 2021

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
At the end of 1990, approximately 2786 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in children younger than 13 years of age had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control. Many more children are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but have milder or no apparent disease. The majority of young children have acquired their infection through perinatal transmission from HIV-infected mothers. A small minority have acquired their infection through blood transfusions received before 1985 when routine screening of the blood supply for HIV was initiated. Although many infants with perinatally acquired HIV infection will become symptomatic in the first year of life, a significant, but unknown, number of HIV-infected children are affected mildly or show minimal signs of infection for periods of up to 5 to 10 years.1,2 There is evidence to suggest that antiretroviral treatment with Zidovudine prolongs survival, and it is hoped that early treatment will increase the interval between development of infection and symptoms and reduce the severity of symptoms.3 Thus, children with HIV infection increasingly should be able to benefit from preschool and out-of-home child care programs. The social circumstances that may accompany HIV infection include (1) parents who have died or are too ill to care for their children; or (2) parents who are unable or unwilling to care for their children, most often as the result of continuing drug abuse. These situations frequently lead to the need for foster care or adoptive placement.
This statement makes recommendations regarding
Therapeutic Orphans
Authors: WEISMAN STEVEN J. , SCHECHTER NEIL L. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
The report by Yaster et al, “Midazolam-Fentanyl Intravenous Sedation in Children: Case Report of Respiratory Arrest,”1 is the first we are aware of in the pediatric literature which reviews and promotes the use of this method of sedation and analgesia for children. Unfortunately,the title of the article and some of its emphasis may have the unfortunate consequence of delaying acceptance of this generally safe technique which is clearly not the intent
Therapeutic Orphans
Authors: DARLING HALINA S. , LAMBERT GEORGE H. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
The case report by Yaster et al1 demonstrated the problems that can be encountered with conscious sedation, and it reconfirms the need to provide to children receiving sedative agents a certain level of care as detailed in the 1985 statement2 from the American Academy of Pediatrics (presently under revision).
The safety and efficacy of midazolam and fentanyl in combination for conscious sedation in children, to our knowledge, has not been established. In