bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of Nellore and Nellore-cross entire male cattle finished in a feedlot in a tropical area of Brazil with respect to carcass characteristics and meat quality after ageing either with or without 60 days of prior frozen storage
Authors: Dias do Nascimento Júlia , Vinicius Morais de Oliveira Marcus , de Nadai Bonin Marina , Ricartes de Oliveira de Oliveira Pollyanna , Vinhas Ítavo Luis Carlos , Ferraz André Luiz Julien , Ferreira Cancio Priscila , Pereira Ávalo Stanley , Surita Lucy Mery Antonia , Miyaki Samara , Motta Couto Allan , Vilalba Rohod Rosileide , Mendes de Oliveira Dalton 
Published: October 2021

Context The use of crosses between Bos taurus and Bos indicus has boosted cattle production in tropical areas of Brazil, improving carcass and meat standards. However, there is little information on Canchim animals crossed with Nellore. Additionally, freezing is a preservation method frequently used by consumers, which allows meat to be preserved for a prolonged period, but little is known regarding this effect in meat frozen for 60 days from crossbred animals. Aims The present study sought to evaluate the carcass performance and characteristics, and the effects of freezing prior to ageing on the meat of animals from different genetic groups finished in a feedlot. Methods A total of 26 male cattle were used, consisting of Angus × Nellore (AAN), Canchim × Nellore (CAN) and Nellore (NEL), finished in feedlot. The carcasses were evaluated after slaughter. The steaks (Longissimus thoracis) were submitted to freezing for 0, 30 and 60 days before ageing, and were then aged for 1, 7 and 14 days. Key results Consumption and performance was greater for AAN and CAN animals. The AAN and CAN crossbred cattle presented higher final liveweight, hot carcass weight, dressing-out percentage and rib eye area. Freezing did not affect the meat luminosity, and it reduced the shear force and the purge at 14 days of ageing when frozen for 30 and 60 days. Conclusions The crossbreed between Canchim × Nellore animals is an alternative for termination in a feedlot. Meats frozen before ageing were more tender. Implications Crossbred animals have better carcass performance and characteristics and the pre-freezing process yielded more tender meat. The Canchim is an alternative for crossing with pure Bos indicus animals.
Impact of a prolonged decline in rainfall on eucalypt woodlands in southwestern Australia and its consequences for avifauna
Authors: Angel A. Sara , Bradley J. Stuart 
Published: October 2021

Aims Our objective was to establish a relationship between long-term variation in the climatic environment, tree canopy decline and observed effects on the population dynamics of avifauna in the Dryandra Woodlands in southwestern Australia. These geographically isolated remnant woodlands are rich in endemic species and sustain a diverse range of ecological communities, but are threatened by habitat degradation and a decline in rainfall. Methods We used annual rainfall data, averaged from a series of weather stations within 100 km of the Dryandra Woodlands and a time series analysis to investigate long-term changes in annual rainfall. Satellite spectral observations of eight study sites at Dryandra was used to measure changes in Projected Foliage Cover (PFC) of old growth Eucalyptus wandoo at all sites. Our mist-net trapping study across three years and all eight sites, targeted two focal species; the rufous treecreeper (Climacteris rufa) and yellow-plumed honeyeater (Ptilotula ornata). We investigated the relationship between the captures of each species and variation in PFC, between sites and across years. Also in a separate demographic study, capture-mark-recapture data was used to estimate the apparent survival rate of each species, following the robust design for open and closed populations. Key results We demonstrate a long-term and continuing decline in average annual rainfall that is accelerating. We found the rainfall trend is concomitant with a long-term decline in PFC of E. wandoo and that the previous year’s annual rainfall is a predictor of average PFC across all sites. Additionally, we discovered that the PFC at each site, in each year, is a predictor of the number of yellow-plumed honeyeaters which prefer feeding on canopy insects and not a predictor of the predominantly ground-foraging rufous treecreeper. We also found a substantial difference in the apparent survival rates between the two species, with the apparent survival of yellow-plumed honeyeaters being approximately half that of rufous treecreepers. This difference was partially attributed to the likely movement outside of the study area due to decreasing habitat quality. Conclusions and implications Overall, our results do suggest that some impacts of long-term rainfall trends can be traced to particular species through PFC variation, but the response between species to habitat change will differ and depend on species-specific habitat requirements. As increasing greenhouse emissions are associated with declining rainfall in southwestern Australia, this study shows if rainfall decline and habitat degradation continue, it will have catastrophic consequences for woodland ecosystems.
A review of perfect absorbers based on the two dimensional materials in the visible and near-infrared regimes
Authors: Luo Xin , Zhou Yuanguo , Cai Yijun , Cheng Ziqiang , Liu Zhimin , Wan Wenqiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials, due to their unique electronic, optical and structural properties, have attracted extensive attention of researchers in the world. However, most of 2D materials have low optical absorption efficiencies in the visible and near-infrared regimes, which leads to the weak light–matter interaction and limits their further applications in optoelectronic devices. Thus, enhancing the light–matter interaction of various 2D materials in the visible and near-infrared regimes, has been a key topic for many optoelectronic equipment and related applications. In this topical review, we summarized the recent developments of the 2D materials-based optical absorbers in the visible and near infrared regimes, focusing mainly on the methods and relevant physical mechanisms of several typical perfect absorbers, such as narrowband perfect absorbers, dual-band perfect absorbers, and broadband perfect absorbers. Finally, several prospective research directions from our perspectives are presented at the end.
Status and prospects of Ohmic contacts on two-dimensional semiconductors
Authors: Ni Junhao , Fu Quangui , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , Gu Xiaofeng , Nan Haiyan , Xiao Shaoqing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In recent years, two-dimensional materials have received more and more attention in the development of semiconductor devices, and their practical applications in optoelectronic devices have also developed rapidly. However, there are still some factors that limit the performance of two-dimensional semiconductor material devices, and one of the most important is Ohmic contact. Here, we elaborate on a variety of approaches to achieve Ohmic contacts on two-dimensional materials and reveal their physical mechanisms. For the work function mismatch problem, we summarize the comparison of barrier heights between different metals and 2D semiconductors. We also examine different methods to solve the problem of Fermi level pinning. For the novel 2D metal-semiconductor contact methods, we analyse their effects on reducing contact resistance from two different perspectives: homojunction and heterojunction. Finally, the challenges of 2D semiconductors in achieving Ohmic contacts are outlined.
Functionalization of mesoporous silica as an effective composite carrier for essential oils with improved sustained release behavior and long-term antibacterial performance
Authors: Zhong Ximing , Gao Fan , Wei Hongjie , Zhou Hongjun , Zhou Xinhua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this work, a novel composite carrier system for loading essential oils was developed by using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) as silica precursors and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template, and the resultant aminated mesoporous silica was further chemically modified by polyacrylic acid (PAA). The obtained composite carriers exhibited a high loading capability toward tea tree oil (TTO), and they also significantly improved the release behavior of TTO due to the steric hindrance of silica mesopore and the polymer restriction. Besides, it was found that the release behavior followed the First-Order kinetic model, revealing that the release of TTO was driven by the concentration gradient. In addition, these composite carriers with essential oil-loaded demonstrated remarkable antibacterial performance against E. coli and S. aureus, and they could retain antibacterial performance even after 50 d. Moreover, the antibacterial mechanism was also elucidated with the assistance of nucleic acid and conductivity measurements. Therefore, this work provides a facile and environmentally friendly approach to preparing effective composite carriers for improving the sustained release of essential oils, and the long-term antibacterial performance of these essential oil-loaded composite carriers makes them tremendously potential for practical applications.
A current collect-free Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 flexible film for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ye Huizi , Cao Kai , Wu Xiaoqin , Zou Tong , Chai Lili , Zhao Yong , Hu Zhengguang , Wang Li 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Due to the high demand for more convenient flexible devices, there are more requirements for higher performance of flexible batteries. The layered lithium-rich manganese-based Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 cathode material has the advantages of higher energy density, higher discharge capacity and environmentally friendly, so it can be used for high-performance flexible electrode cathode material. Its theoretical capacity can reach more than 250 mAh g−1, which is higher than most cathode materials currently used in commercialization. Here we synthesize Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 (LNCM) cathode, and then use a simple method to make a current collect-free LNCM flexible film. This film has excellent flexibility and electrochemical performance. At 25 mA g−1, its initial discharge capacity reaches 314.0 mAh g−1. After 200 cycles of 500 mA g−1, its capacity retention rate is 82.1%, the attenuation is about 0.08% per cycle. Moreover, by bending at any position of the flexible film, it can still remain intact, and the soft-packaged battery made by the flexible film can still be used under the bending condition and keep the brightness of the LED lamp unchanged. This shows that using Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 to make high-performance flexible electrodes is a simple and effective method, which is expected to be practically applied to flexible electronic devices.
An 8 channel parallel transmit system with current sensor feedback for MRI-guided interventional applications
Authors: Godinez Felipe , Tomi-Tricot Raphael , Quesson Bruno , Barthel Matthias , Lykowsky Gunthard , Scott Greig , Razavi Reza , Hajnal Joseph , Malik Shaihan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background. Parallel transmit (pTx) has introduced many benefits to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with regard to decreased specific absorption rates and improved transmit field homogeneity, of particular importance in applications at higher magnetic field strengths. PTx has also been proposed as a solution to mitigating dangerous RF induced heating of elongated conductive devices such as those used in cardiac interventions. In this work we present a system that can augment a conventional scanner with pTx, in particular for use in interventional MRI for guidewire safety, by adjusting the amplitude and phase of each channel right before the start of the imaging pulses. Methods. The pTx system was designed to work in-line with a 1.5 T MRI while the RF synthesis and imaging control was maintained on the host MR scanner. The add-on pTx system relies on the RF transmit signal, unblanking pulse, and a protocol driven trigger from the scanner. The RF transmit was split into multiple fully modulated transmit signals to drive an array of custom transceiver coils. The performance of the 8-channel implementation was tested with regards to active and real-time control of RF induced currents on a standard guidewire, heating mitigation tests, and anatomical imaging in sheep. Results. The pTx system was intended to update RF shims in real-time and it was demonstrated that the safe RF shim could be determined while the guidewire is moved. The anatomical imaging demonstrated that cardiac anatomy and neighbouring superficial structures could be fully characterized with the pTx system inline. Conclusion. We have presented the design and performance of a real-time feedback control pTx system capable of adding such capabilities to a conventional MRI with the focus of guidewire imaging in cardiac interventional MRI applications.
Automatic cough classification for tuberculosis screening in a real-world environment
Authors: Pahar Madhurananda , Klopper Marisa , Reeve Byron , Warren Rob , Theron Grant , Niesler Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective. The automatic discrimination between the coughing sounds produced by patients with tuberculosis (TB) and those produced by patients with other lung ailments. Approach. We present experiments based on a dataset of 1358 forced cough recordings obtained in a developing-world clinic from 16 patients with confirmed active pulmonary TB and 35 patients suffering from respiratory conditions suggestive of TB but confirmed to be TB negative. Using nested cross-validation, we have trained and evaluated five machine learning classifiers: logistic regression (LR), support vector machines, k-nearest neighbour, multilayer perceptrons and convolutional neural networks. Main Results. Although classification is possible in all cases, the best performance is achieved using LR. In combination with feature selection by sequential forward selection, our best LR system achieves an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.94 using 23 features selected from a set of 78 high-resolution mel-frequency cepstral coefficients. This system achieves a sensitivity of 93% at a specificity of 95% and thus exceeds the 90% sensitivity at 70% specificity specification considered by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a minimal requirement for a community-based TB triage test. Significance. The automatic classification of cough audio sounds, when applied to symptomatic patients requiring investigation for TB, can meet the WHO triage specifications for the identification of patients who should undergo expensive molecular downstream testing. This makes it a promising and viable means of low cost, easily deployable frontline screening for TB, which can benefit especially developing countries with a heavy TB burden.
Measurements of atoms and metastable species in N2 and H2–N2 nanosecond pulse plasmas
Authors: Yang Xin , Jans Elijah , Richards Caleb , Raskar Sai , van den Bekerom Dirk , Wu Kai , Adamovich Igor V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Time-resolved, absolute number densities of metastable N2(A3Σ
u

+, v = 0, 1) molecules, ground state N2 and H atoms, and rotational–translational temperature have been measured by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence in diffuse N2 and N2–H2 plasmas during and after a nanosecond pulse discharge burst. Comparison of the measurement results with the kinetic modeling predictions, specifically the significant reduction of the N2(A3Σ
u

+) populations and the rate of N atom generation during the burst, suggests that these two trends are related. The slow N atom decay in the afterglow, on a time scale longer than the discharge burst, demonstrates that the latter trend is not affected by N atom recombination, diffusion to the walls, or convection with the flow. This leads to the conclusion that the energy pooling in collisions of N2(A3Σ
u

+) molecules is a major channel of N2 dissociation in electric discharges where a significant fraction of the input energy goes to electronic excitation of N2. Additional measurements in a 1% H2–N2 mixture demonstrate a further significant reduction of N2(A3Σ
u

+, v = 0, 1) populations, due to the rapid quenching by H atoms accumulating in the plasma. Comparison with the modeling predictions suggests that the N2(A3Σ
u

+) molecules may be initially formed in the highly vibrationally excited states. The reduction of the N2(A3Σ
u

+) number density also diminishes the contribution of the energy pooling process into N2 dissociation, thus reducing the N atom number density. The rate of N atom generation during the burst also decreases, due to its strong coupling to N2(A3Σ
u

+, v) populations. On the other hand, the rate of H atom generation, produced predominantly by the dissociative quenching of the excited electronic states of N2 by H2, remains about the same during the burst, resulting in a nearly linear rise in the H atom number density. Comparison of the kinetic model predictions with the experimental results suggests that the yield of H atoms during the quenching of the excited electronic state of N2 by molecular H2 is significantly less than 100%. The present results quantify the yield of N and H atoms in high-pressure H2–N2 plasmas, which have significant potential for ammonia generation using plasma-assisted catalysis.
Systematic study on photoexcited carrier dynamics related to defects in GeSn films with low Sn content at room temperature
Authors: Son Bongkwon , Zhang Lin , Jung Yongduck , Zhou Hao , Nam Donguk , Tan Chuan Seng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Germanium–tin (GeSn) alloys have received much attention thanks to their optical/electrical properties and their operation in the mid-infrared range. However, dislocations/defects in GeSn films serve as trap states, limiting radiative recombination/generation via band-edges. In this work, the impact of the trap states in GeSn with varying Sn contents is investigated. The systematic study reveals that the defects/dislocations in GeSn contribute to the carrier dynamics, mainly originated from the trap states near GeSn/Ge interface. Through photoluminescence (PL) study, the broad PL peak of the trap state for GeSn exists at ∼0.57 eV. The increase in Sn content mitigates the trap-related carrier dynamics. Besides, the increase in GeSn thickness effectively suppresses the interface-related carrier dynamic. By increasing thickness from 180 to ∼900 nm, the external quantum efficiency is enhanced by ∼10×. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of trap-related carrier dynamics in a GeSn material system at room temperature.
Investigating the exciton formation zone and its roles in phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Liu Wenxing , Cui Rongzhen , Guan Xi , Sun Weidong , Zhou Liang , Qin Dashan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The exciton formation zone has been studied in phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). It is found that the width (W) of the exciton formation zone can be increased by reducing the transit time for holes (electrons) from the anode (cathode) into the emissive layer (EML) by decreasing the thickness of the hole (electron) transport layer. The increase in the thickness of the EML enables the exciton formation zone to be widened. The efficiency roll-off of the device is relieved when W increases. The device stability is found to be directly proportional to the product of W and the thickness of the electron transport layer. A thicker electron transport layer better suppresses diffusion of the metal cathode into the EML, increasing device stability but simultaneously decreasing the transit time for electrons from the cathode into the EML, and thereby W, so decreasing device stability. We also investigated the effect of charge carrier mobilities in the EML, modified by dye concentration, on W. The current research provides novel insights into guiding the delicate designs of OLEDs, hopefully pushing OLED technology towards high-luminance applications.
Device-independent quantum key distribution from computational assumptions
Authors: Metger Tony , Dulek Yfke , Coladangelo Andrea , Arnon-Friedman Rotem 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD), an adversary prepares a device consisting of two components, distributed to Alice and Bob, who use the device to generate a secure key. The security of existing DIQKD schemes holds under the assumption that the two components of the device cannot communicate with one another during the protocol execution. This is called the no-communication assumption in DIQKD. Here, we show how to replace this assumption, which can be hard to enforce in practice, by a standard computational assumption from post-quantum cryptography: we give a protocol that produces secure keys even when the components of an adversarial device can exchange arbitrary quantum communication, assuming the device is computationally bounded. Importantly, the computational assumption only needs to hold during the protocol execution—the keys generated at the end of the protocol are information-theoretically secure as in standard DIQKD protocols.
Gravitational waves from resonant amplification of curvature perturbations during inflation
Authors: Peng Zhi-Zhang , Fu Chengjie , Liu Jing , Guo Zong-Kuan , Cai Rong-Gen 
Published: October 2021

Parametric resonance in a single-field inflationary model with a periodic structure on the potential gives rise to curvature perturbations with large amplitudes on small scales, which could result in observable primordial black holes (PBHs) and concomitant gravitational waves (GWs) induced by curvature perturbations in the radiation-dominated era. In such a model, GWs associated with the PBH formation were investigated in ref. [1].
In this paper, we consider a stochastic GW background sourced by inflaton perturbations resonantly amplified during inflation. We compute the energy spectra of induced GWs produced both during inflation and in the radiation-dominated era, and find that the peak of the energy spectrum of the former is much higher than that of the latter, but is located at a lower frequency. Moreover, the energy spectrum of induced GWs produced during inflation exhibits a unique oscillating character in the ultraviolet region. Both the stochastic GW backgrounds are expected to be detected by future space-based laser interferometers.
Signatures of primordial black hole dark matter at DUNE and THEIA
Authors: De Romeri Valentina , Martínez-Miravé Pablo , Tórtola Mariam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a potential dark matter candidate whose masses can span over many orders of magnitude. If they have masses in the 1015–1017 g range, they can emit sizeable fluxes of MeV neutrinos through evaporation via Hawking radiation. We explore the possibility of detecting light (non-)rotating PBHs with future neutrino experiments. We focus on two next generation facilities: the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) and THEIA. We simulate the expected event spectra at both experiments assuming different PBH mass distributions and spins, and we extract the expected 95% C.L. sensitivities to these scenarios. Our analysis shows that future neutrino experiments like DUNE and THEIA will be able to set competitive constraints on PBH dark matter, thus providing complementary probes in a part of the PBH parameter space currently constrained mainly by photon data.