bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated duodenal injury presenting as Fournier's gangrene: A case report
Authors: Shah Tuhin , Raj Joshi Brikha , Kumar Abhijeet , Simkhada Ganesh , Kumar Gupta Rakesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIsolated duodenal injury is rare as they are usually associated with other visceral injuries. Diagnosis of a duodenal injury is difficult, and its management is challenging. Hence, it is important to timely recognize such injuries for better outcome.
A lymphoepithelial cyst in the pancreatic accessory spleen: A case report
Authors: Hiroi Sawako , Hamaoka Michinori , Yamamoto Rie , Matsugu Yasuhiro , Nishisaka Takashi , Nakahara Hideki , Itamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present the first report of a lymphoepithelial cyst. As additional cases will likely be encountered in the future, our study sets the precedent for future research.
Bilateral facial paralysis secondary to temporal bone trauma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Abrahão Nicolau Moreira , Guimarães Guilherme Correa , Castilho Arthur Menino , Silva Vagner Antônio Rodrigues da 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhen temporal bone fractures are associated with facial palsy (FP) evolution the medical team have no much time to make a decision: to do or not to do a surgical approach? How to evaluate the necessity? When to do it and when is the correct time?
Primary malignant melanoma of the gastric antrum: A case report
Authors: Younes Ahmed I. , Mohamed Anas , Rizvi Areeba H. , Prenshaw Karyn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrimary melanoma of the antrum is a rare and aggressive disease. Diagnosis requires a correlation between the patient's history, tumor histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Surgery and mutation‐targeted treatments may improve overall survival.
Klimaschonung durch Membrananwendung – Membrandestillation zur Erzeugung von pharmazeutischem Reinstwasser
Authors: Nellessen Cornelius , Klein Thomas , Rapp Hans‐Jürgen , Rögener Frank 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWasser ist das wichtigste Medium in der pharmazeutischen Industrie. Die erforderliche Wasserqualität hängt vom Bestimmungszweck ab und dieser beeinflusst wiederum den Aufwand der Wasseraufbereitung. Die Aufbereitung von Wasser für den Einsatz in der Pharmaindustrie basiert heute hauptsächlich auf der mehrstufigen Destillation oder Membranprozessen, insbesondere der Kombination aus Umkehrosmose, Elektrodeionisation und Ultrafiltration. Membrandestillation (MD) als relativ neues Verfahren ist eine Alternative zu diesen klassischen Methoden der Rein‐ und Reinstwassererzeugung. Die einstufige Aufbereitung zu Pharmawasser aus Trinkwasser mithilfe der MD wird vorgestellt. Besonderer betrachtet werden die Eignung der MD für die pharmazeutische Wasseraufbereitung, der Effekt verschiedener Prozessparameter und die Möglichkeit, den spezifischen Energieeinsatz zu reduzieren.
Increased diagnostic sensitivity of palpation‐guided thyroid nodule fine‐needle aspiration cytology by BRAF V600E‐mutation analysis
Authors: Gimm Oliver , Ivansson Kristin , Beka Ervin , Rossitti Hugo M , Garvin Stina , Söderkvist Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer and its incidence is increasing. Preoperative diagnosis is warranted in order to avoid ‘two‐stage’ procedures that are associated with additional costs and higher radioactive iodine remnant uptake. In the setting of thyroid cancer, somatic BRAF V600E‐mutations are highly specific for PTC and can be analyzed in aspirates from fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The ‘gold standard’ to perform FNAC is ultrasound guidance. Here, we analyze whether adding BRAF V600E‐mutation analysis could be of value in palpation‐guided FNACs. A total of 430 consecutive patients were included. Ultrasound‐guided FNACs were performed in 251 patients and 179 patients underwent palpation‐guided FNACs. BRAF V600E‐mutation analysis was performed using two methods, an allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyzed by capillary gel electrophoresis (PCR/Qiaxcel), and a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay. A total of 80 patients underwent surgery, and histology revealed 25 patients to have PTC. Of the 25 PTCs, 23 (92%) showed a BRAF V600E‐mutation. Both mutation analysis methods (PCR/Qiaxcel and ddPCR) produced concordant results. In the ultrasound‐guided group, the preoperative diagnostic sensitivity of FNAC using the Bethesda classification alone was very high and additional BRAF V600E‐mutation analysis added little to the preoperative diagnostic sensitivity. By contrast, in the palpation‐guided group, by adding BRAF V600E‐mutation analysis, eight instead of four patients were diagnosed of having PTC. This increase in the diagnostic sensitivity was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The costs per sample were as low as 62 USD (PCR/Qiaxcel and ddPCR) and 35 USD (PCR/Qiaxcel only). Ultrasound‐guided FNAC should be aimed for when dealing with thyroid nodules. However, if palpation‐guided FNAC cannot be avoided or may be required due to resource utilization, adding BRAF V600E‐mutation analysis using the methods described in this study might significantly increase the proportion of preoperatively diagnosed PTCs. The additional costs can be considered very reasonable.
Cr3+ Ion‐Induced Phase Stabilization of 1T−MoSe2 with Abundant Active Sites for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Mondal Ayan , Inta Harish Reddy , Bheemireddy Varun , Ghosh Sourav , Mahalingam Venkataramanan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe electrocatalytic performance of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can be hugely impacted by their phase and electronic structure. In this regard, stabilization of the 1T (metallic) phase is a substantial challenge to attain superior electrocatalytic activity compared to its thermodynamically stable polymorph (2H phase). This report provides a simple approach to introduce the 1T phase into 2H−MoSe2 through heteroatom (Cr3+) doping using a hydrothermal method. 1T/2H−MoSe2 (x Cr) (x=1,2,3 and 5) materials have shown better electrocatalytic HER activities compared to the 2H−MoSe2, especially 2% Cr3+ doped MoSe2 (1T/2H−MoSe2 (2 Cr)) have shown the best catalytic activity. 1T/2H−MoSe2 (2 Cr) exhibits a current density of 20 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 176 mV, low Tafel slope of 77 mV/dec, high double layer capacitance (Cdl) of 78.3 mF cm−2 and good cyclic stability. The improved electrocatalytic activity of 1T/2H−MoSe2 (2 Cr) could be attributed to the high conductance, high 1T phase content and the greater number of active sites resulting from the introduction of Cr3+ ions into MoSe2. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) studies predict that the introduction of Cr3+ ions into the MoSe2 monolayer increases the conduction electron density in the basal plane at room temperature which in turn supports the generation of additional active sites along the basal plane.
The metacognitive model of post‐traumatic stress disorder and metacognitive therapy for post‐traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Brown Renee L. , Wood Andrew , Carter Janet D. , Kannis‐Dymand Lee 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe metacognitive model of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) implicates metacognitive beliefs, meta‐memory beliefs and metacognitive control strategies in perpetuating and maintaining symptoms of PTSD. Despite this expanding area of research, the evidence for the metacognitive model of PTSD has not been reviewed. A systematic review according to the PRISMA statement was conducted. Searches across MEDLINE, PubMed and PsycNET, as well as reference lists of the included studies (2004 to March 2020), yielded 221 records. Two independent reviewers screened articles, which were included where the impact of the constructs of interest on PTSD symptoms was investigated within the framework of the metacognitive model for PTSD. Eighteen articles were included in the review. Eleven studies were determined to have good methodological robustness. Metacognitive therapy for PTSD demonstrated reductions in symptoms from pretreatment to post‐treatment, which were maintained at follow‐up. Predictors of greater PTSD symptom severity included metacognitive beliefs, meta‐memory beliefs, and worry, punishment, thought suppression, experiential avoidance, and rumination. Overall, support was found for the validity of the metacognitive model of PTSD.
Odor of achlorophyllous plants’ seeds drives seed‐dispersing ants
Authors: Yamada Mikihisa , Hojo Masaru K. , Imamura Akio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeed dispersal by ants is an important means of migration for plants. Many myrmecochorous plants have specialized appendages in their seeds called elaiosome, which provides nutritional rewards for ants, and enable effective seed dispersal. However, some nonmyrmecochorous seeds without elaiosomes are also dispersed by ant species, suggesting the additional mechanisms other than elaiosomes for seed dispersal by ants. The seeds of the achlorophyllous and myco‐heterotrophic herbaceous plant Monotropastrum humile are very small without elaiosomes; we investigated whether odor of the seeds could mediate seed dispersal by ants. We performed a bioassay using seeds of M. humile and the ant Nylanderia flavipes to demonstrate ant‐mediated seed dispersal. We also analyzed the volatile odors emitted from M. humile seeds and conducted bioassays using dummy seeds coated with seed volatiles. Although elaiosomes were absent from the M. humile seeds, the ants carried the seeds to their nests. They also carried the dummy seeds coated with the seed volatile mixture to the nest and left some dummy seeds inside the nest and discarded the rest of the dummy seeds outside the nest with a bias toward specific locations, which might be conducive to germination. We concluded that, in M. humile seeds, volatile odor mixtures were sufficient to induce seed‐carrying behavior by the ants even without elaiosomes.
Female behavioral strategies during consortship in Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana)
Authors: Zhang Qi‐Xin , Sun Lixing , Xia Dong‐Po , Li Jin‐Hua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConsortship has been defined as a temporary association between an adult male and an estrous/receptive female. It has been considered as male mating strategies to improve male mating success and potential reproductive success. However, the female roles have been more or less neglected, and thus, less is known about female behavioral strategies during the consortship periods. In this study, during the two consecutive mating seasons, we collected behavioral data of free‐ranging Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) habituated in Mt. Huangshan, China, to investigate female behaviors when she was consorted by an adult male. The results showed that (a) females were more likely to approach and exhibit sexual solicitation to their consorting males during the consorted period, and females also exhibited less approach to their nonconsorting males; (b) females exhibited strong responses (either departed distantly or formed affiliative relationships with their consorting male partner) when their consorting males mated with rival females or showed sexual motivation toward rival females; (c) female preferences were positively correlated to the duration of consortships and the frequencies of ejaculation copulations, independent of the social ranks of their consorting male partners. Our results suggested that female strategies played much more important roles in forming and maintaining consortship than previously assumed. It provides new insight into understanding female adaptive strategies to male strategies by forming consortships in multimale–multifemale primate species when males could not identify female's fertile phase accurately.
Assumptions about frequency‐dependent architectures of complex traits bias measures of functional enrichment
Authors: Zabad Shadi , Ragsdale Aaron P. , Sun Rosie , Li Yue , Gravel Simon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLinkage‐Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC) is a popular framework for analyzing Genome‐wide Association Studies (GWAS) summary statistics that allows for estimating single nucleotide polymorphism heritability, confounding, and functional enrichment of genetic variants with different annotations. Recent work has highlighted the influence of implicit and explicit assumptions of the model on the biological interpretation of the results. In this study, we explored a formulation of LDSC that replaces the measure of LD with a recently proposed unbiased estimator of the statistic. In addition to modest statistical difference across estimators, this derivation highlighted implicit and unrealistic assumptions about the relationship between allele frequency, effect size, and annotation status. We carry out a systematic comparison of alternative LDSC formulations by applying them to summary statistics from 47 GWAS traits. Our results show that commonly used models likely underestimate functional enrichment. These results highlight the importance of calibrating the LDSC model to achieve a more robust understanding of polygenic traits.
Mek/ERK1/2‐MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling plays both independent and cooperative roles in Schwann cell differentiation, myelination and dysmyelination
Authors: Ishii Akihiro , Furusho Miki , Bansal Rashmi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMultiple signals are involved in the regulation of developmental myelination by Schwann cells and in the maintenance of a normal myelin homeostasis throughout adult life, preserving the integrity of the axons in the PNS. Recent studies suggest that Mek/ERK1/2‐MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR intracellular signaling pathways play important, often overlapping roles in the regulation of myelination in the PNS. In addition, hyperactivation of these signaling pathways in Schwann cells leads to a late onset of various pathological changes in the sciatic nerves. However, it remains poorly understood whether these pathways function independently or sequentially or converge using a common mechanism to facilitate Schwann cell differentiation and myelin growth during development and in causing pathological changes in the adult animals. To address these questions, we analyzed multiple genetically modified mice using simultaneous loss‐ and constitutive gain‐of‐function approaches. We found that during development, the Mek/ERK1/2‐MAPK pathway plays a primary role in Schwann cell differentiation, distinct from mTOR. However, during active myelination, ERK1/2 is dependent on mTOR signaling to drive the growth of the myelin sheath and regulate its thickness. Finally, our data suggest that peripheral nerve pathology during adulthood caused by hyperactivation of Mek/ERK1/2‐MAPK or PI3K is likely to be independent or dependent on mTOR‐signaling in different contexts. Thus, this study highlights the complexities in the roles played by two major intracellular signaling pathways in Schwann cells that affect their differentiation, myelination, and later PNS pathology and predicts that potential therapeutic modulation of these pathways in PNS neuropathies could be a complex process.
Modeling Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1a Liver Disease in Mice by Somatic CRISPR/CRISPR‐associated protein 9–Mediated Gene Editing
Authors: Rutten Martijn G.S. , Derks Terry G.J. , Huijkman Nicolette C.A. , Bos Trijnie , Kloosterhuis Niels J. , van de Kolk Kees C.W.A. , Wolters Justina C. , Koster Mirjam H. , Bongiovanni Laura , Thomas Rachel E. , de Bruin Alain , van de Sluis Bart , Oosterveer Maaike H. 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims
Patients with glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD‐1a) primarily present with life‐threatening hypoglycemia and display severe liver disease characterized by hepatomegaly. Despite strict dietary management, long‐term complications still occur, such as liver tumor development. Variations in residual glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6PC1) activity likely contribute to phenotypic heterogeneity in biochemical symptoms and complications between patients. However, lack of insight into the relationship between G6PC1 activity and symptoms/complications and poor understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms pose major challenges to provide optimal health care and quality of life for GSD‐1a patients. Currently available GSD‐1a animal models are not suitable to systematically investigate the relationship between hepatic G6PC activity and phenotypic heterogeneity or the contribution of gene‐gene interactions (GGIs) in the liver.

Approach and Results
To meet these needs, we generated and characterized a hepatocyte‐specific GSD‐1a mouse model using somatic CRISPR/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9)–mediated gene editing. Hepatic G6pc editing reduced hepatic G6PC activity up to 98% and resulted in failure to thrive, fasting hypoglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis (HS), and increased liver tumor incidence. This approach was furthermore successful in simultaneously modulating hepatic G6PC and carbohydrate response element‐binding protein, a transcription factor that is activated in GSD‐1a and protects against HS under these conditions. Importantly, it also allowed for the modeling of a spectrum of GSD‐1a phenotypes in terms of hepatic G6PC activity, fasting hypoglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatomegaly and HS.

Conclusions
In conclusion, we show that somatic CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene editing allows for the modeling of a spectrum of hepatocyte‐borne GSD‐1a disease symptoms in mice and to efficiently study GGIs in the liver. This approach opens perspectives for translational research and will likely contribute to personalized treatments for GSD‐1a and other genetic liver diseases.
An investigation on the forced convection heat transfer in the gap of two rotating disks with laminar inflow
Authors: Singh Achhaibar , Singh D. K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study presents forced convection in the gap between two rotating disks with the laminar radial inward flow. The disk surfaces are held at a constant temperature different from the temperature of the fluid flowing. The disks' surfaces may also receive a heat flux. The temperature of the fluid flowing in the gap is predicted by solving the coupled equations of momentum, energy, and continuity in cylindrical coordinate numerically. The finite difference method is used to discretize the energy equation into nonlinear algebraic equations. The tridiagonal matrix algorithm is employed to solve the resulting algebraic equations. Predominantly, throughflow Reynolds number, rotational Reynolds number, gap ratio, speed ratio, and Peclet number are the parameters that affect the temperature distribution for the fixed disk temperature and for the heat flux boundary conditions. The Nusselt number compares reasonably well with the numerical results of other investigators. The heat flow into the fluid is higher for corotating disks than for contrarotating disks for both constant temperatures as well as heat flux boundary conditions. This is the first investigation that predicts temperature distribution due to forced convection in the gap of two rotating disks with laminar inflow.
An open web‐based module developed to advance data‐driven hydrologic process learning
Authors: Lane Belize , Garousi‐Nejad Irene , Gallagher Melissa A. , Tarboton David G. , Habib Emad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe era of ‘big data’ promises to provide new hydrologic insights, and open web‐based platforms are being developed and adopted by the hydrologic science community to harness these datasets and data services. This shift accompanies advances in hydrology education and the growth of web‐based hydrology learning modules, but their capacity to utilize emerging open platforms and data services to enhance student learning through data‐driven activities remains largely untapped. Given that generic equations may not easily translate into local or regional solutions, teaching students to explore how well models or equations work in particular settings or to answer specific problems using real data is essential. This article introduces an open web‐based module developed to advance data‐driven hydrologic process learning, targeting upper level undergraduate and early graduate students in hydrology and engineering. The module was developed and deployed on the HydroLearn open educational platform, which provides a formal pedagogical structure for developing effective problem‐based learning activities. We found that data‐driven learning activities utilizing collaborative open web platforms like CUAHSI HydroShare and JupyterHub to store and run computational notebooks allowed students to access and work with datasets for systems of personal interest and promoted critical evaluation of results and assumptions. Initial student feedback was generally positive, but also highlighted challenges including trouble‐shooting and future‐proofing difficulties and some resistance to programming and new software. Opportunities to further enhance hydrology learning include better articulating the benefits of coding and open web platforms upfront, incorporating additional user‐support tools, and focusing methods and questions on implementing and adapting notebooks to explore fundamental processes rather than tools and syntax. The profound shift in the field of hydrology toward big data, open data services and reproducible research practices requires hydrology instructors to rethink traditional content delivery and focus instruction on harnessing these datasets and practices in the preparation of future hydrologists and engineers.
Simulating preferential flow and snowmelt partitioning in seasonally frozen hillslopes
Authors: Mohammed Aaron A. , Cey Edwin E. , Hayashi Masaki , Callaghan Michael V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe infiltrability of frozen soils strongly influences snowmelt partitioning and redistribution in cold regions. Preferential flow in frozen soil can enhance infiltration, but dynamics are complicated by coupled water and heat transfer processes as well as landscape conditions prior to and during snowmelt. Hypothetical model simulations based on hydrological functioning and landscape properties of the Canadian Prairies were used to evaluate a dual‐domain (matrix and macropore) formulation of variably‐saturated flow in frozen soils, with distinct water and heat transport regimes in each domain. The description was incorporated into a fully‐integrated groundwater‐surface water model. Two‐dimensional hillslope simulations were able to capture the landscape hydrologic response to snowmelt fluxes observed in the prairies and similar landscapes, specifically: (1) enhanced infiltration into frozen soil due to preferential flow, (2) refreezing of infiltrated water and its effect on the evolution of runoff generation in frozen soils, and (3) groundwater recharge prior to ground thaw. Results showed that multiple meltwater input events progressively decreased frozen soil infiltrability and increased runoff generation. Simulations demonstrated that refreezing of infiltrated water along preferential flowpaths is an important process governing the timing and magnitude of both runoff generation and groundwater recharge in frozen soils, but that this behaviour can be highly counterintuitive and depends on soil structure. The modeling framework provides a physically‐based approach for describing these interacting preferential flow and soil freezing processes at the hillslope scale needed to simulate the hydrologic functioning of seasonally frozen landscapes.