bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability of European wheat to extreme heat and drought around flowering under future climate
Authors: Senapati Nimai , Halford Nigel G , Semenov Mikhail A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Identifying the future threats to crop yields from climate change is vital to underpin the continuous production increases needed for global food security. In the present study, the vulnerability of European wheat yield to heat and drought stresses around flowering under climate change was assessed by estimating the 95-percentiles of two indices at flowering under rain-fed conditions: the heat stress index (HSI95) and the drought stress index (DSI95). These two indices represent the relative yield losses due heat stress or drought stress around flowering that could be expected to occur once every 20 years on average. The Sirius wheat model was run under the predicted 2050-climate at 13 selected sites, representing the major wheat-growing regions in Europe. A total of 19 global climate models (GCMs) from the CMIP5 ensemble were used to construct local-scale climate scenarios for 2050 (RCP8.5) by downscaling GCMs climate projections with the LARS-WG weather generator. The mean DSI95 due to extreme drought around flowering under the baseline climate (1981–2010) was large over Europe (DSI95 ∼ 0.28), with wide site variation (DSI95 ∼ 0.0–0.51). A reduction of 12% in the DSI95 was predicted under the 2050-climate; however, vulnerability due to extreme drought around flowering would remain a major constraint to wheat yield (DSI95 ∼ 0–0.57). In contrast, HSI95 under the baseline climate was very small over Europe (HSI95 ∼ 0.0–0.11), but was predicted to increase by 79% (HSI95 ∼ 0.0–0.23) under the 2050-climate, categorising extreme heat stress around flowering as an emergent threat to European wheat production. The development of wheat varieties that are tolerant to drought and heat stresses around flowering, is required, if climate change is not to result in a reduction of wheat yield potential under the future climate in Europe.
Microdynamic and thermodynamic properties of dissipative dust-acoustic solitons
Authors: Trukhachev F M , Vasiliev M M , Petrov O F , Vasilieva E V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Properties of weakly dissipative dust-acoustic solitons are analyzed on the basis of the hydrodynamic and single-particle approximation (Lagrangian–Euler approach). Significant differences between dissipative and conservative solitons are found. Particle-wave microdynamic parameters such as trajectories, phase trajectories, and drift velocity of dust particles under the action of a cascade of solitons are calculated. It is shown that dissipation is responsible for the interconnection of solitons in the ensemble. In addition, dissipative solitons significantly affect the environment comparing with conservative ones. The heat release processes that determine the production of entropy are analyzed. The role of dissipation in the ordering of charged particles trajectories is revealed. The theoretical results are in a reasonable agreement with known experimental data.
Vorticity and circulation decay in the viscous Lamb dipole
Authors: Krasny Robert , Xu Ling 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Lamb dipole is a steady translating structure in 2D ideal fluid flow with opposite-sign vorticity of compact support in a circular disk. Previous studies have shown that when viscosity is present, the resulting viscous Lamb dipole develops a head-tail structure in which the head expands in size, while a tail of low amplitude vorticity is left behind as the head moves forward; in addition, the maximum vorticity and total circulation on each side of the dipole decay in time. Here we examine these decay properties by comparing numerical solutions of the Navier–Stokes equation (NSE) and diffusion equation (DE) in the Reynolds number range

125
⩽
Re
⩽
1000

using the inviscid Lamb dipole as initial condition; this enables us to compare the combined effects of convection and diffusion in the NSE with the sole effect of diffusion in the DE. The results show that for a given Re, the vortex core size, shape, and maximum vorticity are nearly the same for the NSE and DE, indicating that convection has little effect on these properties. Nonetheless, compared to the DE, convection in the NSE inhibits circulation decay at low Re, while it enhances circulation decay at high Re, and the lateral separation of the vortex cores is a critical factor in this transition.
Effects of pore structure characteristics on performance of sintered bi-porous Ti3AlC2 wicks
Authors: Cao Yingwen , Guo Chunsheng , Wu Dongting , Zou Yong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Loop heat pipe, carried out by liquid-gas phase transition, has been attracted as an efficient heat management device in high-heat-flux, long-distance and anti-gravity situations. The capillary pressure provided by the porous wick in the evaporator drives circulation for working liquid, affecting the heat exchange efficiency for loop heat pipes directly. In this work, the bi-porous Ti3AlC2 wick was produced by reaction sintering and pore formers dissolution and porosity and pore size were regulated by varying pore formers content and cold pressure. The pore size distribution was characterized by mercury intrusion and effects on capillary performance and thermal conductivity were also analyzed. The porosity and proportion of large pores increased with the increased pore formers content, causing the enhancement of capillary performance and the reduction of thermal conductivity. As the cold pressure increased, pore size distribution concentrated, the proportion of fine pores increased and the porosity fluctuated slightly, increasing the capillary pressure and improving capillary performance and thermal conductivity. Based on experimental results, the parameter of pore size proportion was proposed to modify the Alexander model to predict the thermal conductivity of porous materials accurately, guide the design for pore structure and promote the transfer capacity.
Using single-cell cytometry to illustrate integrated multi-perspective evaluation of clustering algorithms using Pareto fronts
Authors: Putri Givanna H , Koprinska Irena , Ashhurst Thomas M , King Nicholas J C , Read Mark N 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMotivationMany ‘automated gating’ algorithms now exist to cluster cytometry and single-cell sequencing data into discrete populations. Comparative algorithm evaluations on benchmark datasets rely either on a single performance metric, or a few metrics considered independently of one another. However, single metrics emphasize different aspects of clustering performance and do not rank clustering solutions in the same order. This underlies the lack of consensus between comparative studies regarding optimal clustering algorithms and undermines the translatability of results onto other non-benchmark datasets.ResultsWe propose the Pareto fronts framework as an integrative evaluation protocol, wherein individual metrics are instead leveraged as complementary perspectives. Judged superior are algorithms that provide the best trade-off between the multiple metrics considered simultaneously. This yields a more comprehensive and complete view of clustering performance. Moreover, by broadly and systematically sampling algorithm parameter values using the Latin Hypercube sampling method, our evaluation protocol minimizes (un)fortunate parameter value selections as confounding factors. Furthermore, it reveals how meticulously each algorithm must be tuned in order to obtain good results, vital knowledge for users with novel data. We exemplify the protocol by conducting a comparative study between three clustering algorithms (ChronoClust, FlowSOM and Phenograph) using four common performance metrics applied across four cytometry benchmark datasets. To our knowledge, this is the first time Pareto fronts have been used to evaluate the performance of clustering algorithms in any application domain.Availability and implementationImplementation of our Pareto front methodology and all scripts and datasets to reproduce this article are available at https://github.com/ghar1821/ParetoBench.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sleep-Dependent Memory in Older People With and Without MCI: The Relevance of Sleep Microarchitecture, OSA, Hippocampal Subfields, and Episodic Memory
Authors: Lam Aaron , Haroutonian Carla , Grummitt Lucy , Ireland Catriona , Grunstein Ronald R , Duffy Shantel , D’Rozario Angela , Naismith Sharon L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine if, relative to cognitively healthy controls, sleep-dependent memory consolidation (SDMC) is diminished in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a group at high risk of conversion to dementia. We also sought to determine whether SDMC is associated with sleep characteristics, daytime episodic memory, and hippocampal integrity. Participants with MCI (n = 43) and controls (n = 20) underwent clinical and neuropsychological profiling. From polysomnography, apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and non-REM sleep spindle characteristics were derived. From magnetic resonance imaging, hippocampal subfield volumes were computed. Participants learned a novel 32-item word-pair prior to sleep; morning retention of the word-pairs was used to determine SDMC. Results showed that SDMC did not differ between MCI and controls, but there was a large effect size decrement in SDMC in those with multiple domain MCI (Hedge’s g = 0.85). In MCI, poorer SDMC was correlated with CA1 and CA3 hippocampal atrophy, shorter spindle duration, and worse daytime episodic memory. In controls, poorer SDMC was associated with higher AHI. Impaired daytime memory consolidation, reduced hippocampal volumes, shorter sleep spindles, and greater sleep apnea severity are indicators of diminished SDMC in older adults and should be explored in future studies.
Effective Treatment of Lymphogranuloma venereum Proctitis With Azithromycin
Authors: Blanco José L , Fuertes Irene , Bosch Jordi , De Lazzari Elisa , Gonzalez-Cordón Ana , Vergara Andrea , Blanco-Arevalo Alejandro , Mayans Josep , Inciarte Alexy , Estrach Teresa , Martinez Esteban , Cranston Ross D , Gatell Josep M , Alsina-Gibert Merce 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) serovars L1, L2, and L3 and is endemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Europe. We evaluated weekly oral azithromycin 1 g for 3 weeks as a treatment for LGV proctitis.

Methods
This is an open clinical trial with convenience allocation according to treating physician preferences. Adults with clinical proctitis received a single dose of 1 g of intramuscular ceftriaxone and were subsequently allocated to receive (i) doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 21 days (Doxycycline group) or (ii) azithromycin 1 g orally once weekly for 3 weeks (Azithromycin group). LGV cure (primary endpoint) was defined as resolution of symptoms at week 6 (clinical cure, LGV-CC), with an additional supporting negative rectal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at week 4 (microbiological cure, LGV-MC), if available.

Results
One hundred and twenty-five individuals with LGV clinical proctitis were included. All were MSM, and 96% were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Eighty-two were in the Azithromycin group, and 43 were in the Doxycycline group. LGV cure on a modified intention-to-treat analysis (primary endpoint), occurred in 80 of 82 (98%) in the Azithromycin group versus 41 of 43 (95%) in the Doxycycline group (treatment difference [95% confidence interval {CI}] 2.2% [−3.2, 13.2]). LGV-MC occurred in 70 of 72 (97%) vs 15 of 15 (100%) in the Azithromycin group and Doxycycline group, respectively (treatment difference [95% CI] −2.8% [−9.6; 17.7]). Adverse events were similar in both treatment groups.

Conclusions
Our findings support extended azithromycin dosing as an alternative treatment option for symptomatic LGV proctitis and provides the rationale for future randomized trials.
Effects of genetic background, sex, and age on murine atrial electrophysiology
Authors: Obergassel Julius , O’Reilly Molly , Sommerfeld Laura C , Kabir S Nashitha , O’Shea Christopher , Syeda Fahima , Eckardt Lars , Kirchhof Paulus , Fabritz Larissa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aims
Genetically altered mice are powerful models to investigate mechanisms of atrial arrhythmias, but normal ranges for murine atrial electrophysiology have not been robustly characterized.

Methods and results
We analyzed results from 221 electrophysiological (EP) studies in isolated, Langendorff-perfused hearts of wildtype mice (114 female, 107 male) from 2.5 to 17.7 months (mean 7 months) with different genetic backgrounds (C57BL/6, FVB/N, MF1, 129/Sv, Swiss agouti). Left atrial monophasic action potential duration (LA-APD), interatrial activation time (IA-AT), and atrial effective refractory period (ERP) were summarized at different pacing cycle lengths (PCLs). Factors influencing atrial electrophysiology including genetic background, sex, and age were determined.
LA-APD70 was 18 ± 0.5 ms, atrial ERP was 27 ± 0.8 ms, and IA-AT was 17 ± 0.5 ms at 100 ms PCL. LA-APD was longer with longer PCL (+17% from 80 to 120 ms PCL for APD70), while IA-AT decreased (−7% from 80 to 120 ms PCL). Female sex was associated with longer ERP (+14% vs. males). Genetic background influenced atrial electrophysiology: LA-APD70 (−20% vs. average) and atrial ERP (−25% vs. average) were shorter in Swiss agouti background compared to others. LA-APD70 (+25% vs. average) and IA-AT (+44% vs. average) were longer in 129/Sv mice. Atrial ERP was longer in FVB/N (+34% vs. average) and in younger experimental groups below 6 months of age.

Conclusion
This work defines normal ranges for murine atrial EP parameters. Genetic background has a profound effect on these parameters, at least of the magnitude as those of sex and age. These results can inform the experimental design and interpretation of murine atrial electrophysiology.
Nonformal education as health promotion method among European youth: the example of transitional Albania
Authors: Tresa E , Burazeri G , Van den Broucke S , Qirjako G , Czabanowska K 
Published: January 2021

Summary
Nonformal education methodology is promoted by the European Union as a priority. Western Balkan countries are supported in using this methodology via access Community funds (Erasmus +, previously Youth in Action). Nonformal education (proven as the most effective education method for youth) is expected to have the same impact if used in Public Health. We aimed to explore how nonformal education methodology contributes to health promotion through elaborating the example of transitional Albania. An Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods design was used. We organized two focus groups: one with students of medical sciences and another with none medical students. We randomly selected eight participants per focus group from the Beyond Barriers association database (Contact point for Erasmus+ Programme in Albania). We used conventional content analysis to analyze qualitative data. Exploratory group interviews were conducted previously, using a questionnaire, which was piloted prior to administration. Of a population of 581 youth who participated in nonformal education activities during 2007–2013, 113 youths were interviewed. Ninety percent of interviewees declared that nonformal education activities have influenced improvement of their skills/competences or helped to acquire new ones; 53% declared that they reflected a change into personal behavior/actions/attitudes. Trainees learned through practice. They intended to retain the healthy behavior even when the activity was finished. Nonformal education activities offered equal opportunities to all youth despite their gender or field of study. Nonformal education methodology is recommended to be used in health promotion campaigns targeting young people as a very effective tool.
Aortic valve neocuspidization with in-body tissue-engineered autologous membranes: preliminary results in a long-term goat model
Authors: Kawashima Takayuki , Umeno Tadashi , Terazawa Takeshi , Wada Tomoyuki , Shuto Takashi , Nishida Haruto , Anai Hirofumi , Nakayama Yasuhide , Miyamoto Shinji 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Aortic valve neocuspidization has shown satisfactory clinical outcomes; however, autologous pericardium durability is a concern for young patients. This study applied an autologous collagenous membrane (Biosheet®), produced by in-body tissue architecture, to aortic valve neocuspidization and investigated its long-term outcome in a goat model.

METHODS
Moulds were embedded subcutaneously in 6 goats. After 2 months, Biosheets formed in the moulds. We performed aortic valve neocuspidization using a portion of the sheets with a thickness of 0.20–0.35 mm, measured by optical coherence tomography. Animals were subjected to echocardiography and histological evaluation at 6 months (n = 3) and 12 months (n = 3). As a control, the glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium was used in 4 goats that were similarly evaluated at 12 months.

RESULTS
All animals survived the scheduled period. At 6 months, Biosheets maintained valve function and showed a regeneration response: fusion to the annulus, cell infiltration to the leaflets and appearance of elastic fibres at the ventricular side. After 12 months, the regenerative structure had changed little without regression, and there was negligible calcification in the 1/9 leaflets. However, all cases had one leaflet tear, resulting in moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation. In the pericardium group, three-fourths of the animals experienced moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation with a high rate of calcification (9/12 leaflets).

CONCLUSIONS
Biosheets may have regeneration potential and anti-calcification properties in contrast to autologous pericardium. However, in order to obtain reliable outcome, further improvements are required to strictly control and optimize its thickness, density and homogeneity.
Reverse left ventricular remodelling after aortic valve replacement for severe aortic insufficiency
Authors: Toya Teppei , Fukushima Satsuki , Shimahara Yusuke , Kasahara Shingo , Kobayashi Junjiro , Fujita Tomoyuki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The goal of this study was to investigate the long-term outcome of aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic insufficiency with a focus on pre- and postoperative left ventricular (LV) function to explore predictive factors that influence the recovery of LV function and clinical outcome.

METHODS
A total of 478 patients who underwent AVR for pure severe aortic insufficiency were grouped according to the preoperative echocardiographical LV ejection fraction (EF): low (LO) EF &lt;35% (n = 43), moderate EF 35–50% (n = 150) or normal EF &gt;50% (n = 285).

RESULTS
Actuarial survival at 10 years post-AVR was 64% with a LO EF, 92% with a moderate EF and 93% with a normal EF (P = 0.016), whereas 10-year rates of freedom from major adverse cerebral and cardiovascular events were 47%, 79% and 84%, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). Echocardiography at 1 year post-AVR demonstrated that EF substantially improved in all groups. We noted a significant difference in survival (P = 0.0086) and in freedom from major adverse cerebral and cardiovascular events (P = 0.024) between patients with an EF ≥35% and those with an EF &lt;35% in the LO EF group. The multivariable logistic regression model showed that predictive factors for lack of improvement in EF 1 year post-AVR in the LO EF group included plasma brain natriuretic peptide &gt;365 pg/mL (P = 0.0022) and echocardiographic LV mass index) &gt;193 g/m2 (P = 0.0018).

CONCLUSIONS
Long-term outcome post-AVR for severe aortic insufficiency was largely influenced by preoperative LV function. Predictive factors of failure to recover ventricular function post-AVR included EF &lt;25%, pre-brain natriuretic peptide &gt;365 pg/mL or LV mass index &gt;193 g/m2.
A New Enrichment Method for Quantification of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural by Indirect Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Honey and Jam Samples
Authors: Gürkan Ramazan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Because of increasing amounts of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in processed foods and the complexity of the matrix, monitoring of trace 5-HMF requires accurate and reliable methods. Hence, an efficient sample pretreatment procedure is necessary for extraction and preconcentration of 5-HMF from the matrix.

Objective
In this study, a new and efficient sample preparation method utilizing ultrasound-assisted-cloud point extraction (UA-CPE), indirectly followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), was introduced for the monitoring of trace amounts of 5-HMF in honey and jam samples.

Method
With this method, hydroxylamine was used as a derivatizing agent in the presence of Mn(II) and an anionic surfactant, SDS for extraction of 5-HMF at pH 9.0. For dispersing reagents in sample solution, low amounts of mixed surfactant, triton X-45 and SDS were mixed and fast-injected into the extraction media. A cloudy solution formed, and after reaction of 5-HMF with reagents, the cloudy solution was centrifuged. The extracted 5-HMF in the surfactant-rich phase was dissolved in acidic acetone and indirectly analyzed by FAAS.

Results
The method showed a detection limit of 1.27 μg/L in linear working range of 4–240 μg/L, good precision (2.3–6.5%), and recovery rates (93.5–97%) after preconcentration of 70-fold.

Conclusions
Within this study, an accurate and reliable method for the indirect quantification of 5-HMF in selected samples was successfully developed with a sensitivity improvement factor of 30.6.

Highlights
The figures of merit for the developed indirect method were appropriate. The applicability of the method for the analysis of 5-HMF in processed foods was excellent.