bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidant‐resistant LRRC8A/C anion channels support superoxide production by NADPH oxidase 1
Authors: Choi Hyehun , Rohrbough Jeffrey C. , Nguyen Hong N. , Dikalova Anna , Lamb Fred S. 
Published: May 2021

Key points
LRRC8A‐containing anion channels associate with NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) and regulate superoxide production and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) signalling. Here we show that LRRC8C and 8D also co‐immunoprecipitate with Nox1 in vascular smooth muscle cells.
LRRC8C knockdown inhibited TNFα‐induced O2•− production, receptor endocytosis, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation and proliferation while LRRC8D knockdown enhanced NF‐κB activation. Significant changes in LRRC8 isoform expression in human atherosclerosis and psoriasis suggest compensation for increased inflammation.
The oxidant chloramine‐T (ChlorT, 1 mM) weakly (∼25%) inhibited LRRC8C currents but potently (∼80%) inhibited LRRC8D currents. Substitution of the extracellular loop (EL1, EL2) domains of 8D into 8C conferred significantly stronger (69%) ChlorT‐dependent inhibition.
ChlorT exposure impaired subsequent current block by DCPIB, which occurs through interaction with EL1, further implicating external oxidation sites.
LRRC8A/C channels most effectively sustain Nox1 activity at the plasma membrane. This may result from their ability to remain active in an oxidized microenvironment.
AbstractTumour necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) activates NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), producing superoxide (O2•–) required for subsequent signalling. LRRC8 family proteins A–E comprise volume‐regulated anion channels (VRACs). The required subunit LRRC8A physically associates with Nox1, and VRAC activity is required for Nox activity and the inflammatory response to TNFα. VRAC currents are modulated by oxidants, suggesting that channel oxidant sensitivity and proximity to Nox1 may play a physiologically relevant role. In VSMCs, LRRC8C knockdown (siRNA) recapitulated the effects of siLRRC8A, inhibiting TNFα‐induced extracellular and endosomal O2•− production, receptor endocytosis, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation and proliferation. In contrast, siLRRC8D potentiated NF‐κB activation. Nox1 co‐immunoprecipitated with 8C and 8D, and colocalized with 8D at the plasma membrane and in vesicles. We compared VRAC currents mediated by homomeric and heteromeric LRRC8C and LRRC8D channels expressed in HEK293 cells. The oxidant chloramine T (ChlorT, 1 mM) weakly inhibited 8C, but potently inhibited 8D currents. ChlorT exposure also impaired subsequent current block by the VRAC blocker DCPIB, implicating external sites of oxidation. Substitution of the 8D extracellular loop domains (EL1, EL2) into 8C conferred significantly stronger ChlorT‐mediated inhibition of 8C currents. Our results suggest that LRRC8A/C channel activity can be effectively maintained in the oxidized microenvironment expected to result from Nox1 activation at the plasma membrane. Increased ratios of 8D:8C expression may potentially depress inflammatory responses to TNFα. LRRC8A/C channel downregulation represents a novel strategy to reduce TNFα‐induced inflammation.
Inhomogeneous distribution of lithic clasts within the Daskop granophyre dike, Vredefort impact structure: Implications for emplacement of impact melt in large impact structures
Authors: Huber Matthew S. , Kovaleva Elizaveta , Clark Martin D. , Prevec Stephen A. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The Vredefort granophyre dikes have long been recognized as being derived from the now-eroded Vredefort melt sheet. One dike, in particular, the Daskop granophyre dike, is notable for a high abundance of lithic clasts derived from various stratigraphic levels. In this study, we mapped the distribution of the clasts throughout the continuously exposed section of the dike using field mapping and aerial drone photography and attempted to constrain the emplacement mechanisms of the dike. We found that the clasts are not homogeneously spread but instead are distributed between clast-rich zones, which have up to 50% by area clasts, and clast-poor zones, which have 0–10% by area clasts. We examined three models to explain this distribution: gravitational settling of clasts, thermally driven local assimilation of clasts, and mechanical sorting of clasts due to turbulent flow. Of the three models, the gravitational settling cannot be supported based on our field and geophysical data. The assimilation of clasts and turbulent flow of clasts, however, can both potentially result in inhomogeneous clast distribution. Zones of fully assimilated clasts and nonassimilated clasts can occur from spatial temperature differences of 100 °C. Mechanical sorting driven by a turbulent flow can also generate zones of inhomogeneous clast distribution. Both local assimilation and mechanical sorting due to turbulent flow likely contributed to the observed distribution of clasts.
Effect of initial water composition on thermodynamic modeling of hydrothermal alteration in basalt—A case study of the Vargeão Dome impact structure
Authors: Alsemgeest*† Jitse , Auqué* Luis F. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The impact-generated hydrothermal system at Vargeão Dome, Brazil, is a unique potential analogue for impact-generated hydrothermal systems on Mars. Its evolution can be understood through thermodynamic modeling, for which one of the necessary parameters is the composition of the involved water. The exact water composition for Vargeão at the time of the impact is unknown, and, moreover, the effect of this uncertainty is often underestimated in thermodynamic modeling. Here, the effect of initial water composition was tested by using a randomized set of initial solutions for thermodynamic modeling of the evolution of the Vargeão Dome impact-generated hydrothermal system. It was found that even small changes in composition could affect the precipitation of common minerals like calcite and quartz. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a sensitivity analysis for any thermodynamic model in which the initial solution is poorly constrained. Subsequently, the found effects were used to constrain water compositions for the Vargeão Dome system at the time of the impact, by eliminating randomized solutions of models precipitating different minerals from those observed in reality. Using a simple set of rules, it was possible to constrain the total amount of dissolved solids between 6 and 2000 mg/L, as well as provide approximate boundaries for all individual elements present in the solution.
Body shape and fin size in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): effects of temperature during embryogenesis
Authors: Greenberg Larry , Jonsson Bror , Norrgård Johnny R. , Erlandsson Ann , Bergman Eva 
Published: May 2021

Temperature during egg incubation and early development influences later life stages of fishes, potentially influencing survival. Throughout its distribution, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) have experienced population declines, and in view of ongoing global warming, we tested if temperature during the earliest developmental stages modified body shape and fin size when temperatures averaged 2.6 vs. 5.6 °C. This temperature difference simulates increases predicted in climate change scenarios. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that salmon originating from eggs subjected to cold incubation temperatures would have slimmer bodies and larger pectoral and dorsal fins than salmon from eggs that experienced warmer temperatures. After hatching, the juveniles were raised for 1 year under identical temperatures, after which we measured their body shape and fin areas. We found no support for our hypothesis regarding body shape. Indeed, we found the opposite, with cold-incubated salmon having deeper bodies than warm-incubated salmon. For fin size, the pectoral fins of cold-incubated salmon were larger than for warm-incubated salmon as predicted, but there was no difference in dorsal fin size. These results suggest that global warming may lead to altered body shape and fin size, possibly affecting swimming performance, and thus raise questions about the ecological consequences of the changes.
Ququats as superposition of coherent states and their application in quantum information processing
Authors: Mishra Manoj K. , Prakash Hari , Jha Vibhuti B. 
Published: May 2021

Superposition of optical coherent states (SCS) [Formula: see text], possessing opposite phases, plays an important role as qubits in quantum information processing tasks like quantum computation, teleportation, key distribution, etc. and are of fundamental importance in testing quantum mechanics. Passage of such SCS from a 50:50 beam splitter leads to generation of entangled coherent states. Recently, ququats and qutrits defined in four- and three-dimensional Hilbert space, respectively, have attracted much attention as they offer advantage in secure quantum communication. However, practical utilization of these advantages essentially requires physical realization of quantum optical ququats and qutrits. Here, we define four new multi-photonic states (MPS) with [Formula: see text] (here, [Formula: see text] or 3 and [Formula: see text]) numbers of photon and show how the SCS can be used to encode ququat using these MPS as basis vectors of a four-dimensional Hilbert space. When these MPS fall upon a 50:50 beam splitter, the resulting states are bipartite four-component entangled coherent states (BFECS) equivalently representing the entangled ququats. We briefly discuss the photon statistical properties of such MPS and BFECS. We show that these MPS and BFECS can be synthesized using even coherent states as input to an interferometer. We give a simple linear optical protocol for almost perfect teleportation of a ququat encoded in SCS with the aid of BFECS as quantum channel. We also describe how these ququats can be used for realization of higher-dimensional BB84 protocol to increase the security of quantum key distribution. Finally, we discuss the possible advantages of using SCS as ququats and BFECS as quantum channel in different quantum information processing tasks.
If A.I. Only Had a Heart: Why Artificial Intelligence Research Needs to Take Emotions More Seriously
Authors: Merriam Garret 
Published: May 2021

Artificial Emotional Intelligence research has focused on emotions in a limited “black box” sense, concerned only with emotions as ‘inputs/outputs’ for the system, disregarding the processes and structures that constitute the emotion itself. We’re teaching machines to act as if they can feel emotions without the capacity to actually feel emotions. Serous moral and social problems will arise if we stick with the black box approach. As A.I.’s become more integrated with our lives, humans will require more than mere emulation of emotion; we’ll need them to have ‘the real thing.’ Moral psychology suggests emotions are necessary for moral reasoning and moral behavior. Socially, the role of ‘affective computing’ foreshadows the intimate ways humans will expect emotional reciprocity from their machines. Three objections are considered and responded to: (1) it’s not possible, (2) not necessary, and (3) too dangerous to give machines genuine emotions.
Unrestrained Individuation
Authors: Ercolino Stefano 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This essay focuses on a little-understood phase of Franco Moretti’s work that spans 1976 to 1986. My aim is to shed light on Moretti’s cultural background as it was formed in that period and to account for the transition from the Trotskyist, politically-militant stance of his first book, Literature and Ideologies in England in the 1930s, to the idiosyncratic, seemingly disengaged character of Signs Taken for Wonders and The Way of the World. Adorno’s concept of ‘unrestrained individuation’ plays a crucial role in the argument. Following a personal political crisis, Moretti opted to enact a form of critical individuation, encoding the explicit social antagonism of the earlier years within a highly personal style and a new theoretical eclecticism. In this way, by disguising it as an alluring form of individualism, Moretti managed to smuggle an antagonistic critical discourse into an increasingly neoliberal world that would soon prove hostile toward it.
Impact of Public Health Equalization on Residents’ Health and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis from Jiangsu Province (2006–2015), China
Authors: Chen Zhengyang , Xu Xinglong , Qian Dongfu , Zhan Xiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Public health equalization has a significant impact on residents’ health and economic growth. Recently, studies suggested the persistence of series of public health unequal issues in China, such as imbalanced government financial investment, unreasonable configuration of public health resources, etc. The healthcare system in Jiangsu province is a microcosm of the pattern of healthcare delivery in China. Identifying developmental differences in Jiangsu and consequential effect on healthcare output can serve as a good reference for comparing performance of healthcare facilities within China in general. Based on the Model of Health the Healthy Production from Grossman and Lucas’ New Endogenous Economic Growth Model, we selected data from China Statistical Yearbooks and Jiangsu Statistical Yearbooks. 13 cities in Jiangsu province were divided into three groups, categorized as economically developed areas, relatively economically developed areas and less-economically developed areas. The panel cointegration model and e PVECM PVECM error correction model based on E-G two-step method are utilized for empirical research. During the period of 2006–2015, there were differences between the short term effect and long term effect on regional development resulted by the public health equalization level of Jiangsu Province. In the short term, the healthcare investment equalization level has been improved, to a certain extent, which executes a certain promoting effect on the people’s health development and regional economic growth in the long term, which restraint the improvement and development of long term public health equalization level and stimulating on the residents’ health and economic growth. The government of China in general and Jiangsu province in particular could ensure the efficiency of public health human resources, reform the public hospital internal system and establish an effective competition system, aiming to improve the public health equalization and promote balanced development of residents’ health and economic growth.
Interpretation of the Japanese Great White Tower Novel from the Perspective of Cognitive Poetics
Authors: Xu Tingting 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As the representative of postwar Japanese female writers, Yamazaki Toyoko expressed the theme from her unique perspective, sharp language and realistic techniques, revealing the contradictions and conflicts in Japanese society. Yamazaki constructs the conceptual metaphor of “the system is the white tower” running through the novel, so that readers could gradually change their cognition and realize an unknown confrontation and competition between good and evil in the hospital. The Great White Tower revolves around the medical insider and the dispute between doctors and patients. The characters in the novel are real and full, which well shows the struggle for professional titles, the erosion of human nature. Based on this, from the perspective of cognitive poetics, this paper mainly uses conceptual metaphor, archetypal category theory and event framework theory to interpret the novel and analyzes the characters of novels, explores the themes of novels and reveals the explanatory power of cognitive poetics to literary novels. Through the dynamic construction of the character image and conflict escalation, it is obvious that money-power politics caused by rapid development of capitalist economy, authority worship and excessive power caused by the deep-rooted hierarchical culture also further triggered the pursuit of professors’ authority and the struggle between different interest groups.
EFSO at Different Geographical Locations Verified with Observing System Experiments
Authors: Yamazaki Akira , Miyoshi Takemasa , Inoue Jun , Enomoto Takeshi , Komori Nobumasa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn ensemble-based forecast sensitivity to observations (EFSO) diagnosis has been implemented in an atmospheric general circulation model–ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation system to estimate the impacts of specific observations from the quasi-operational global observing system on weekly short-range forecasts. It was examined whether EFSO reasonably approximates the impacts of a subset of observations from specific geographical locations for 6-h forecasts, and how long the 6-h observation impacts can be retained during the 7-day forecast period. The reference for these forecasts was obtained from 12 data-denial experiments in each of which a subset of three radiosonde observations launched from a geographical location was excluded. The 12 locations were selected from three latitudinal bands comprising (i) four Arctic regions, (ii) four midlatitude regions in the Northern Hemisphere, and (iii) four tropical regions during the Northern Hemisphere winter of 2015/16. The estimated winter-averaged EFSO-derived observation impacts well corresponded to the 6-h observation impacts obtained by the data denials and EFSO could reasonably estimate the observation impacts by the data denials on short-range (from 6 h to 2 day) forecasts. Furthermore, during the medium-range (4–7 day) forecasts, it was found that the Arctic observations tend to seed the broadest impacts and their short-range observation impacts could be projected to beneficial impacts in Arctic and midlatitude North American areas. The midlatitude area was located just downstream of dynamical propagation from the Arctic toward the midlatitudes. Results obtained by repeated Arctic data-denial experiments were found to be generally common to those from the non-repeated experiments.
Effects of focused continuous pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on early tendon-to-bone healing
Authors: Dolkart Oleg , Kazum Efi , Rosenthal Yoav , Sher Osnat , Morag Guy , Yakobson Elad , Chechik Ofir , Maman Eran 
Published: May 2021

Aims Rotator cuff (RC) tears are common musculoskeletal injuries which often require surgical intervention. Noninvasive pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) devices have been approved for treatment of long-bone fracture nonunions and as an adjunct to lumbar and cervical spine fusion surgery. This study aimed to assess the effect of continuous PEMF on postoperative RC healing in a rat RC repair model. Methods A total of 30 Wistar rats underwent acute bilateral supraspinatus tear and repair. A miniaturized electromagnetic device (MED) was implanted at the right shoulder and generated focused PEMF therapy. The animals’ left shoulders served as controls. Biomechanical, histological, and bone properties were assessed at three and six weeks. Results Extension of the tendon from preload to the maximum load to failure was significantly better in the PEMF-treated shoulders at three weeks compared to controls (p = 0.038). The percentage strain was significantly higher in the PEMF group at both timepoints (p = 0.037). Collagen organization was significantly better (p = 0.034) as was tissue mineral density in the PEMF-treated group at three weeks (p = 0.028). Tendon immunohistochemistry revealed a prominent increase in type I collagen at the repair site at three weeks following continuous PEMF treatment compared with controls. None of the other tested parameters differed between the groups. Conclusion MED-generated PEMF may enhance early postoperative tendon-to-bone healing in an acute rat supraspinatus detachment and repair model. Superior biomechanical elasticity parameters together with better collagen organization suggest improved RC healing. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(5):298–306.
Increased Risk of Major Depressive Disorder After Cholecystectomy: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea
Authors: Jin Eun Hyo , Han Kyungdo , Lee Dong Ho , Shin Cheol Min , Lim Joo Hyun , Yoon Hyuk , Kim Nayoung 
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION:
This study investigated the risk of depression in Korean adults who underwent cholecystectomy and appeared for subsequent long-term follow-ups. A national population-based data set was used for analysis.

METHODS:
All patients (n = 111,934) aged 40 years and older who underwent cholecystectomy between 2010 and 2015 and a control population (n = 223,868), matched for age and sex, were identified from the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of depression were estimated after cholecystectomy, and a Cox regression analysis was performed.

RESULTS:
The incidence of depression in the cholecystectomy group was 27.3 per 1,000 person-years and that in the control group was 20.3 per 1,000 person-years. Patients who underwent cholecystectomy showed an increased risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) with an adjusted HR (aHR) of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.31–1.37, P < 0.001). The mean follow-up period after a 1-year lag was 3.67 ± 1.79 years. In the subgroup analysis, the risk of developing MDD after cholecystectomy was relatively high in patients aged 40–49 years (aHR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.44–1.58) and in participants without diabetes mellitus (aHR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.33–1.39), hypertension (aHR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.34–1.42), or dyslipidemia (aHR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.32–1.38).

DISCUSSION:
Compared with the control population, patients who underwent cholecystectomy exhibited an increased incidence of MDD. Thus, physicians should implement an enhanced program of MDD screening for at least several years after cholecystectomy.
Modeling of Microbiological and Biochemical Processes under the Conditions of Steam Contact Sterilization in Containers of Turkey Meat Pate
Authors: Prylipko Tetiana , Kostash Volodymyr , Koval Tetiana , Shuliar Alina , Tkachuk Volodymyr , Shuliar Alona 
Published: May 2021

The article proposes modes of sterilization of meat pate from turkey meat, which was determined by the method in which the actual lethality Ff relative to the microflora should be equal to or exceed the required lethality of the sterilization process Fn (Ff ≥ Fn) canned turkey pate. The results of the study of the dependence of the kinetics of biochemical reactions on the thermal, chemical and mechanical sensitivity of the processed product, on pressure, temperature and chemical potential are presented. One of the effective ways to intensify the heat transfer process is the contact heating of the product by means of steam supply, which has a technological effect on the processed products. When comparing the results of the simulated results with experimental data, it is established that the solution of the problem of calculating the temperature field of the product on a computer gives quite satisfactory results between the calculated and experimental data. It is established that as a modification for the processed products it is necessary to solve thermohydromechanical equations with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions in addition to the transfer equation for each scalar quantity.