bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Travel-Related Risk Behaviors and Antibiotic Use Among Older Travelers
Authors: Costello Varea H , Tribble David , Eickhoff Christa , Tilley D Hamilton , Utz Gregory , Telu Kalyani , Ganesan Anuradha , Fraser Jamie , Lalani Tahaniyat 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic stewardship in the pretravel care of older adults is important to effectively treat infections while minimizing harm from side effects and unnecessary antibiotic use. The objective of this study was to compare the characteristics, risk behaviors, infectious diseases, and antibiotic use between older (≥60 years) and younger (18–59 years) travelers.

Methods
TravMil is a prospective, observational cohort of United States (US) Department of Defense beneficiaries traveling outside the continental US for ≤6.5 months. For this analysis, we included adults enrolled pretravel between January 2010 and August 2018 and excluded active duty personnel on deployment. Pre and post-travel surveys captured trip characteristics, exposures, illnesses, and antibiotic use.

Results
A total of 1742 travelers were analyzed: 747 (42.9%) were aged ≥60 years and 995 (57.1%) were aged 18–59 years. Older travelers were less likely to engage in high-risk dietary behaviors and experience travelers’ diarrhea than younger travelers (18.2% vs 22.9%; P &lt; .05). Influenza-like illness (12.5%) and febrile illness (3.4%) occurred less frequently in the older cohort. Antibiotic use for self-treatment was common in both age groups (25.7% vs 26.7%) and often inappropriate, for example, for treatment of occasional loose stool or mild travelers’ diarrhea (67.0% [67/100] in older adults vs 57.6% [83/144] in younger adults; P &lt; .05), and influenza-like illness (63.4% [64/101] vs 58.6% [68/116], respectively; P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Older travelers were less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors and experience travelers’ diarrhea, and both age groups experienced mild, self-limited infections. Inappropriate use of antibiotics was common, suggesting that antimicrobial stewardship should be emphasized at pretravel counseling with international travelers.
Endoscopic Transcortical Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy for Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Uda Takehiro , Kawashima Toshiyuki , Hattori Masato , Kojima Yuichiro , Mito Yuki , Goto Takeo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This surgical video shows a 19-yr-old woman with focal impaired awareness seizures. Seizure semiology showed no lateralizing signs. Ictal electroencephalography (EEG) failed to determine the seizure origin. Interictal EEG showed bilateral spike-and-waves at the temporal electrodes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed suspected hippocampal sclerosis on the right side. To determine the side of the focus, depth electrodes were implanted in both hippocampi. Invasive video EEG identified the seizure origin on the right. The decision was made to perform selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SelAH) via the middle temporal gyrus (MTG). An endoscope was used to minimize the craniotomy and shorten the skin incision.
A 5-cm linear skin incision and 2.5-cm craniotomy were made. A thin tube was inserted to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle (Inf-H) under neuronavigation to guide the route to the Inf-H. The endoscope was introduced. A 1.5-cm corticotomy was made at the MTG, and white matter was aspirated until opening the Inf-H. The hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus were removed with the usual steps in microsurgical SelAH. The surgical time was 4 h 20 min. The patient was discharged without complications and has remained seizure free.
In addition to the preoperative objectives, using an endoscope widens the surgical view in the Inf-H compared with microsurgical procedures. Although seizure and cognitive outcomes are expected to be comparable to those from other methods of SelAH, invasiveness might be reduced. This appears to represent the first video report of endoscopic SelAH. The patient consented to the procedure and publication of her images and surgical video.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy: Infant and childhood outcomes
Authors: Hendson Leonora , Shah Vibhuti , Trkulja Sandra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This position statement provides guidance for the monitoring, care, and follow-up of newborns exposed to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in utero. Depression and anxiety are common during pregnancy and postpartum. While there are risks to taking medications during pregnancy, untreated or incompletely managed depression and anxiety also carry risks for the newborn. Poor neonatal adaptation syndrome (PNAS) occurs in one-third of newborns exposed to SSRIs or SNRIs in utero, and is generally mild and self-limiting. The low levels of SSRIs and SNRIs excreted in breast milk are compatible with breastfeeding. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and congenital heart defects are rare associations of exposure to SSRIs or SNRIs in utero. There are inconsistencies in the literature regarding neurodevelopmental outcomes, specifically autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The inconsistencies likely relate to other factors (i.e., genetics, maternal depression, lifestyle, and comorbidities), rather than exposure to SSRIs or SNRIs in utero. Health care providers and parents should be reassured that PNAS is generally treatable with nonpharmacological measures, and that the risk of serious adverse effects from exposure to SSRIs or SNRIs in utero is low.
Group A streptococcal pharyngitis: A practical guide to diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Sauve Laura , Forrester A Michael , Top Karina A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis is a common clinical syndrome in primary care, yet controversy remains regarding the best approach to diagnosis and treatment, including the benefits of antibiotics. Children who are likely to have GAS pharyngitis based on history or physical examination should have a throat swab and, when positive, be treated with amoxicillin or penicillin. The disproportionate burden of acute rheumatic fever in Indigenous populations in Canada and special considerations for testing and treatment are discussed.
Exposure to organizational stressors and health outcomes in a sample of Italian local police officers
Authors: Marcatto Francesco , Orrico Kristal , Luis Ornella , Larese Filon Francesca , Ferrante Donatella 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Exposure to organizational stressors is known to negatively affect police officers’ well-being in terms of mental and physical health and performance. In this study, we adopted the Health and Safety Executive’s Management Standards to identify specific associations between organizational stressors and health outcomes in a sample of local police officers employed in an Italian municipality (N = 111). Compared with benchmark data, participants were exposed to high risks in six out of seven organizational dimensions, and five of those (namely, Demands, Control, Managers’ Support, Relationships, and Role) displayed significant associations with psychological and physical problems, such as perceived stress, hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, dermatitis, and musculoskeletal pain. While most stress-reduction interventions for police forces are designed at the individual level, the results of the present study also indicate the need for designing and implementing interventions aimed at addressing and preventing organizational stressors. Therefore, periodic in-depth stress assessments to identify key issues that should be the primary targets of such interventions are recommended.
Therapeutic Alliance: Patients’ Expectations Before and Experiences After Physical Therapy for Low Back Pain—A Qualitative Study With 6-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Unsgaard-Tøndel Monica , Søderstrøm Sylvia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore patients’ expectations before and experiences after physical therapy for low back pain.

Methods
Qualitative in-depth, semi-structured interviews with patients attending physical therapy were performed before, immediately after, and 6 months after treatment. Data were analyzed from a hermeneutical perspective with decontextualization, recontextualization, and identification of themes.

Results
Patients’ pretreatment expectations to physical therapy focused around exercises and a body-oriented diagnosis. After treatment, reassurance, active listening with explanations, and personally adapted strategies for self-managing pain and regaining control over everyday activity were expressed as decisive for a meaningful therapeutic alliance.

Conclusion
Expectations before treatment focused on exercises and diagnosis. Empathetic and personally adapted education aimed at empowerment was experienced as a meaningful aspect of the therapeutic alliance after treatment. The therapeutic alliance provided a basis to integrate knowledge on the complexity of pain.

Impact
Our findings indicate that patients emphasize physical therapists’ interactional and pedagogical skills as meaningful aspects of the therapeutic alliance, which has implications for clinical practice and training physical therapist students.
Hyper-Coordinated DNA Methylation is Altered in Schizophrenia and Associated with Brain Function
Authors: Chen Junfang , Schwarz Kristina , Zang Zhenxiang , Braun Urs , Harneit Anais , Kremer Thomas , Ma Ren , Schweiger Janina , Moessnang Carolin , Geiger Lena , Cao Han , Degenhardt Franziska , Nöthen Markus M , Tost Heike , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Schwarz Emanuel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDNA methylation is an epigenetic biological process that is emerging as an important mediator of environmental risk effects on the susceptibility of severe illness, such as schizophrenia. DNA methylation shows coordination across biologically-related genes, but it is not known whether the resulting network structure has a mediating effect on illness risk. Here we identified a large gene network with hyper-coordinated DNA methylation in several biological processes that are changed in the brain of patients with schizophrenia, and that are associated with schizophrenia-relevant brain function as well as genetic illness susceptibility. We found that DNA methylation was physiologically coordinated in a reproducible network that comprised 6399 genes and showed a similar architecture in blood and brain. The network was hyper-coordinated in biological processes of core importance for schizophrenia, including synaptic processes that are associated with the strongest common genetic risk variants for schizophrenia. Coordinated methylation in these processes was decreased in brain samples from donors with schizophrenia, and showed an age-dependent association with schizophrenia-relevant brain function. These results support the coordination of DNA methylation as a regulatory principle relevant to schizophrenia that may be sensitive to environmental risk exposure during specific developmental periods and compound genetic illness predisposition.
Unveiling the Patterns of Reticulated Evolutionary Processes with Phylogenomics: Hybridization and Polyploidy in the Genus Rosa
Authors: Debray Kevin , Le Paslier Marie-Christine , Bérard Aurélie , Thouroude Tatiana , Michel Gilles , Marie-Magdelaine Jordan , Bruneau Anne , Foucher Fabrice , Malécot Valéry 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Reticulation, caused by hybridization and allopolyploidization, is considered an important and frequent phenomenon in the evolution of numerous plant lineages. Although both processes represent important driving forces of evolution, they are mostly ignored in phylogenetic studies involving a large number of species. Indeed only a scattering of methods exists to recover a comprehensive reticulated evolutionary history for a broad taxon sampling. Among these methods, comparisons of topologies obtained from plastid markers with those from a few nuclear sequences are favored, even though they restrict in-depth studies of hybridization and polyploidization. The genus Rosa encompasses c. 150 species widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere and represents a challenging taxonomic group in which hybridization and polyploidization are prominent. Our main objective was to develop a general framework that would take patterns of reticulation into account in the study of the phylogenetic relationships among Rosa species. Using amplicon sequencing, we targeted allele variation in the nuclear genome as well as haploid sequences in the chloroplast genome. We successfully recovered robust plastid and nuclear phylogenies and performed in-depth tests for several scenarios of hybridization using a maximum pseudo-likelihood approach on taxon subsets. Our diploid-first approach followed by hybrid and polyploid grafting resolved most of the evolutionary relationships among Rosa subgenera, sections, and selected species. Based on these results, we provide new directions for a future revision of the infrageneric classification in Rosa. The stepwise strategy proposed here can be used to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of other challenging taxonomic groups with large numbers of hybrid and polyploid taxa. [Amplicon sequencing; interspecific hybridization; polyploid detection; reticulate evolution.]
Association between serum uric acid level and mortality in China
Authors: Chang Dong-Yuan , Wang Jin-Wei , Chen Min , Zhang Lu-Xia , Zhao Ming-Hui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background:
Whether there is an association between serum uric acid (SUA) level and risk of mortality in the general population remains unclear. Based on the China National Survey of Chronic Kidney Disease linked to mortality data, a population-based cohort study was performed to investigate the association between SUA level and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and cancer mortality in China.

Methods:
The survival status of participants in the cross-sectional survey was identified from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2017. Only 33,268 individuals with complete SUA data among the 47,204 participants were included in the analysis. We determined the rates of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and cancer mortality. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to evaluate the effect of the SUA level on mortality.

Results:
During a total of 297,538.4 person-years of follow-up, 1282 deaths occurred. In the Cox proportional hazards regression model, the rate of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and cancer mortality had a U-shaped association with SUA levels only in men, whereas no significant associations were detected in women. For all-cause mortality in men, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) in the first, second, and fourth quartiles compared with the third quartile were 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.67), 1.17 (95% CI 0.92–1.47), and 1.55 (95% CI 1.24–1.93), respectively. For CVD mortality, the corresponding HRs were 1.47 (95% CI 1.00–2.18), 1.17 (95% CI 0.79–1.75), and 1.67 (95% CI 1.16–2.43), respectively. For the cancer mortality rate, only a marginally significant association was detected in the fourth quartile compared with the third quartile with an HR of 1.43 (95% CI 0.99–2.08).

Conclusions:
The association between SUA and mortality differed by sex. We demonstrated a U-shaped association with SUA levels for all-cause and CVD mortalities among men in China.
Environmental and organizational correlates and motivations for provider-sponsored health plan ownership in the post-reform era
Authors: Meese Katherine A. , Hearld Larry R. , O'Connor Stephen J. , Peterson Mary Dale , Carroll Nathan W. , Sen Bisakha 
Published: July 2021

Background
The 1980s to 1990s saw many health systems in the United States enter and exit the insurance market in the form of provider-sponsored health plans (PSHPs). Reforms and value-based reimbursement methods have stimulated health care organizations to reconsider PSHP as a logical strategy.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine market and organizational factors associated with PSHP ownership and motivations for engaging in PSHP after health care reforms. The resource dependence theory was used as a theoretical lens.

Methodology/Approach
A sequential quantitative to qualitative mixed-methods design was used. The quantitative analysis examined data for 5,849 U.S. hospitals. Results were synthesized with qualitative findings from 10 semistructured interviews representing eight health systems in five states.

Results
Organizational and environmental characteristics were significantly associated with PSHP ownership. Hospital and payer concentration, Medicare penetration, income, unemployment rate, government, and for-profit and metro area hospitals were associated with a lower likelihood of PSHP ownership. Salaried physician arrangements, clinically integrated network membership and adoption of other risk-bearing arrangements were associated with higher odds of PSHP ownership. Interviewees described PSHP as the culmination of the journey to value-based care and as a strategy to improve patient care, compete, and diversify revenue streams.

Conclusions
Both market and organizational factors are important considerations for hospitals contemplating PSHP ownership, and motivations for ownership cover a broad range of financial, competitive, strategic, and mission-based goals.

Practice Implications
Hospitals considering PSHP ownership must carefully evaluate their competitive landscapes and organizational resources to ensure optimal conditions for this strategy. PSHP ownership has high start-up costs and requires a long-term organizational commitment.
Interplay of clear, demanding, and important goals on project performance in community–academic health partnerships
Authors: Chak Choiwai M. , Carminati Lara , Wilderom Celeste P. M. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Community–academic health partnerships (CAHPs) have become increasingly common to bridge the knowledge-to-practice gap in health care. Because working in such partnerships can be excessively challenging, insights into the individual-level enablers of high performance will enable better management of CAHPs.

Purpose
Steered by the goal-setting theory, this study examined the relations between goal clarity, goal stress, goal importance, and their interactions on perceived project performance among individuals working in CAHPs’ constituting projects.

Methodology
Using a convergent mixed-method research design, online survey data were collected from 268 participants working in a variety of CAHP projects in three German-speaking countries. We tested the hypotheses using structural equation modeling, after which thematic analysis was carried out on the 209 open-ended responses.

Results
CAHP project performance was positively associated with goal clarity and negatively associated with goal stress. A three-way interaction analysis showed that when goal importance was high, the relationship between goal clarity and project performance remained positive regardless of the level of goal stress. The qualitative data corroborate this finding.

Conclusion
In CAHP projects, high goal importance offsets the negative effect of goal stress on project performance, indicating that workers who perceive the project goals as important can manage the stress associated with demanding goals better.

Practice Implications
To achieve high project performance in CAHPs, organizational and project leaders should (a) set clear project goals, (b) facilitate project workers in dealing with stress resulting from overly demanding goals, and (c) emphasize the importance of the project goals, especially when goal stress is high.
The organizational and environmental characteristics associated with hospitals’ use of intensivists
Authors: Liddle Bart , Weech-Maldonado Robert , Davlyatov Ganisher , O’Connor Stephen J. , Patrician Patricia , Hearld Larry R. 
Published: July 2021

Background
As large numbers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) in 2020 and 2021, the United States faced a shortage of critical care providers. Intensivists are physicians specializing in providing care in the ICU. Although studies have explored the clinical and financial benefits associated with the use of intensivists, little is known about the organizational and market factors associated with a hospital administrator’s strategic decision to use intensivists.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to use the resource dependence theory to better understand the organizational and market factors associated with a hospital administrator’s decision to use intensivists.

Methodology
The sample consisted of the national acute care hospitals (N = 4,986) for the period 2007–2017. The dependent variable was the number of full-time equivalent intensivists staffed in hospitals. The independent variables were organizational and market-level factors. A negative binomial regression model with state and year fixed effects, clustered at the hospital level, was used to examine the relationship between the use of intensivists and organizational and market factors.

Results
The results from the analyses show that administrators of larger, not-for-profit hospitals that operate in competitive urban markets with relatively high levels of munificence are more likely to utilize intensivists.

Practice Implications
When significant strains are placed on ICUs like what was experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative that hospital administrators understand how to best staff their ICUs. With a better understanding of the organizational and market factors associated with the use of intensivists, practitioners and policymakers alike can better understand how to strategically utilize intensivists in the ICU, especially in the face of a continuing pandemic.
Cognitive crafting and work engagement: A study among remote and frontline health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wijngaards Indy , Pronk Florie R. , Bakker Arnold B. , Burger Martijn J. 
Published: July 2021

Background
The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to a profound change in the organization of work in the health care sector. As frontline health care workers are essential in battling the pandemic and their work is appreciated in society, we argue that health care workers who are forced to work from home are likely to perceive their jobs as less meaningful, which in turn may negatively affect their engagement at work. Cognitive crafting, or the altering of the perceptions one has about their tasks and relationships with the aim to enhance the meaningfulness of work, may be a fruitful cognitive strategy to counter the problems remote health care workers face.

Purpose
The primary purpose was to study the relationship between cognitive crafting, working from home (WFH), and work engagement.

Methodology
We collected cross-sectional survey data between May 7 and June 2, 2020, from a single hospital in the Netherlands (n = 278). The central hypothesis was tested using multiple regression analysis.

Results
The relationship between cognitive crafting and work engagement was moderated by WFH, such that the relationship is more positive for health care workers who work from home permanently since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic than for frontline workers and workers who work partially from home.

Conclusion
Our findings are consistent with previous research on cognitive crafting. We conclude that cognitive crafting is an interesting cognitive strategy to stay engaged for health care workers who are mandated into WFH.

Practice Implications
We advise organizations to provide remote workers virtual group trainings that promote cognitive crafting and expose them to testimonies of people who are positively affected by their work. More generally, we recommend organizations to engage in effective top-down work design and foster a climate for cognitive as well as behavioral job crafting strategies.