bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D transvenous radiofrequency ablation of manifest epicardial posterior-septal accessory pathways in children: Can technology innovations improve the outcome?
Authors: Drago Fabrizio , Tamborrino Pietro Paolo , Pazzano Vincenzo , Di Mambro Corrado , Silvetti Massimo Stefano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroduction:The aim of the study was to revise our more recent experience about epicardial posterior-septal accessory pathways radiofrequency transcatheter ablation in children and young patients using a transvenous approach through the coronary sinus, to understand if new mapping and ablation technologies can increase success rate and safety.Methods and results:Twenty children (mean age 13 ± 3 years) with epicardial posterior-septal accessory pathways (14 in coronary sinus and 6 in the middle cardiac vein) underwent radiofrequency transcatheter ablation with CARTO-3® system with help of the CARTO-Univu® module. Acute success rate was 73%. No patient was lost to follow-up (mean time 11.4 ± 9 months). The recurrence rate was 19%. Two patients underwent a successful redo-procedure; the overall long-term success rate was 65%. Navistar® catheter presented the highest acute success rate in the coronary sinus. Navistar SmartTouch® was the only catheter that did not present recurrences after the acute success, and it was successfully used in two patients previously unsuccessfully treated with a Navistar ThermoCool®. Acute success rate was 79% without image integration with angio-CT, while it was 63% after the introduction of CARTO-Merge®.Conclusion:Epicardial posterior-septal accessory pathways can be definitively eliminated by transvenous radiofrequency transcatheter ablation in more than half of the cases in children. Acute success rate does not seem to depend on catheters used, but contact-force catheter seems to be useful in cases with recurrences. Image integration with cardiac-CT does not increase success rate, but it is useful to detect coronary sinus alterations to better guide ablation strategy.
LIE-TYPE DERIVATIONS OF NEST ALGEBRAS ON BANACH SPACES AND RELATED TOPICS
Authors: WEI FENG , ZHANG YUHAO 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLet
$\mathcal {X}$
be a Banach space over the complex field
$\mathbb {C}$
and
$\mathcal {B(X)}$
be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on
$\mathcal {X}$
. Let
$\mathcal {N}$
be a nontrivial nest on
$\mathcal {X}$
,
$\text {Alg}\mathcal {N}$
be the nest algebra associated with
$\mathcal {N}$
, and
$L\colon \text {Alg}\mathcal {N}\longrightarrow \mathcal {B(X)}$
be a linear mapping. Suppose that
$p_n(x_1,x_2,\ldots ,x_n)$
is an
$(n-1)\,$
th commutator defined by n indeterminates
$x_1, x_2, \ldots , x_n$
. It is shown that L satisfies the rule
$$ \begin{align*}L(p_n(A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_n))=\sum_{k=1}^{n}p_n(A_1, \ldots, A_{k-1}, L(A_k), A_{k+1}, \ldots, A_n) \end{align*} $$
for all
$A_1, A_2, \ldots , A_n\in \text {Alg}\mathcal {N}$
if and only if there exist a linear derivation
$D\colon \text {Alg}\mathcal {N}\longrightarrow \mathcal {B(X)}$
and a linear mapping
$H\colon \text {Alg}\mathcal {N}\longrightarrow \mathbb {C}I$
vanishing on each
$(n-1)\,$
th commutator
$p_n(A_1,A_2,\ldots , A_n)$
for all
$A_1, A_2, \ldots , A_n\in \text {Alg}\mathcal {N}$
such that
$L(A)=D(A)+H(A)$
for all
$A\in \text {Alg}\mathcal {N}$
. We also propose some related topics for future research.
On‐Orbit Radiometric Performance on ICESat‐2
Authors: Gibbons Aimée , Neumann Thomas , Hancock David , Harbeck Kaitlin , Lee Jeffrey 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNASA's ICESat‐2 mission measures Earth's elevation with the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS), a 6‐beam photon‐counting laser altimeter. The Global Geolocated Photon data product (ATL03) is the primary source of photon information used by surface‐type‐specific higher‐level products, along with the Atmospheric Layer Characteristics product (ATL09). ATL03 provides time‐tagged, geolocated photon heights referenced to the ellipsoid and a parameter providing an initial classification of photon events as signal or background. We use this classification to evaluate ATLAS radiometry (number of signal photons per transmitted laser pulse) over short time scales and over the mission to date. The radiometric performance of ATLAS will in part determine what differences in the signal and background photon rates are significant and indicate geophysical, rather than instrumental, changes. We find the ATLAS radiometry is very stable over short time scales and exhibits a long‐term decrease of ∼1 signal photon per laser pulse (∼−12%) in the strong spots over the first 1.5 years of the mission.
Gravity Anomalies and Lithospheric Flexure in Western Yunnan, China, Deduced From a New Dense Gravimetry
Authors: Zhao Qian , She Yawen , Fu Guangyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe conducted a dense gravity/GNSS survey in western Yunnan, China, and improved the precision of Bouguer gravity anomalies (BGAs) and Free‐air gravity anomalies (FGAs) by about 50 mGal. The BGAs showed that there was no significant BGAs abnormal change over the whole study area, and the density structure of BGAs inversion shows low‐density regions at 20–40 km depth beneath Tengchong and its surrounding areas. Meanwhile, we calculated the loading ratio of the lithosphere in western Yunnan based on merged FGAs using the gravity admittance method. The resulting ratios show that the lithospheric flexure in this region results from a combination of the surface, the internal crust, and the mantle, with the internal crust dominating. Combined with other geophysical results, we speculate that the origin of Tengchong volcanoes is not large‐scale mantle upwelling, but limited mantle material rising along the fracture in the process of material migration in the middle‐lower crust.
Ocean Temperature and Color Frontal Zones in the Gulf of Mexico: Where, When, and Why
Authors: Zhang Yingjun , Hu Chuanmin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe spatial and temporal patterns of ocean frontal zones in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) are studied using ocean color and sea surface temperature (SST) imagery collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer/Aqua (MODIS/A) over an 18‐year (2002–2019) period. A gradient‐based front detection algorithm is applied to each daily image to detect frontal features, from which a comprehensive data set of ocean frontal zones (both climatology and time series) is established. Prominent seasonality is found in both ocean color and SST frontal zones while their seasonal variations differ. Major persistent frontal zones are mainly distributed in coastal waters within the 130‐m isobath, and they are often associated with wind forcing, wind‐driven Ekman transport, upwelling/downwelling, river discharge, ocean currents, and topography. The seasonal and interannual variations in frontal distributions are also revealed in the dominant spatial and temporal modes derived from an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition analysis. These findings may have significant implications on fisheries and ocean ecology research. For example, both ocean color and SST frontal features in certain months are found to coincide with a well‐known fishing ground in the eastern GoM, and surface macroalgae features are found to align well with the identified ocean frontal features.
Biophysical Impacts of Historical Disturbances, Restoration Strategies, and Vegetation Types in a Peatland Ecosystem
Authors: Lee Sung‐Ching , Black T. Andrew , Nyberg Marion , Merkens Markus , Nesic Zoran , Ng Darian , Knox Sara H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRewetting of disturbed peatlands is an important restoration strategy for climate change mitigation. Previous work primarily focuses on the biogeochemical processes altered by rewetting and few studies have investigated the biophysical impacts, which can diminish or amplify biogeochemical effects beyond the ecosystem scale. We used a paired flux tower approach in a restored peatland to collect year‐round eddy covariance data to assess the biophysical impacts of disturbance and management practices. The first site was actively rewetted and is characterized by Sphagnum and white beak‐rush with patches of open water. The second site represents a disturbed ecosystem, which underwent natural regeneration and is dominated by scrub pine, Sphagnum, and low shrubs. We found that the actively restored site had higher net radiation compared to the second site due to more surface water ponding; however, the higher aerodynamic conductance at the passively restored site contributed to enhanced daytime turbulent fluxes, and hence, both sites had similar aerodynamic temperatures during the daytime. The actively restored site experienced warmer nighttime and seasonal aerodynamic temperature as much of the excess radiation during the day was stored in the water column and released at night. To achieve restoration goals, higher water tables are now maintained throughout large sections of the bog. The study implies that water table manipulation has the potential to minimize greenhouse gas emissions from the bog, thereby allowing the biophysical impacts of peatland restoration to enhance the biogeochemical benefits. Therefore, it is important to consider both biophysical and biogeochemical changes in peatland restoration management.
SLC25A24 gene methylation and gray matter volume in females with and without conduct disorder: an exploratory epigenetic neuroimaging study
Authors: Farrow Elizabeth , Chiocchetti Andreas G. , Rogers Jack C. , Pauli Ruth , Raschle Nora M. , Gonzalez-Madruga Karen , Smaragdi Areti , Martinelli Anne , Kohls Gregor , Stadler Christina , Konrad Kerstin , Fairchild Graeme , Freitag Christine M. , Chechlacz Magdalena , De Brito Stephane A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConduct disorder (CD), a psychiatric disorder characterized by a repetitive pattern of antisocial behaviors, results from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The clinical presentation of CD varies both according to the individual’s sex and level of callous-unemotional (CU) traits, but it remains unclear how genetic and environmental factors interact at the molecular level to produce these differences. Emerging evidence in males implicates methylation of genes associated with socio-affective processes. Here, we combined an epigenome-wide association study with structural neuroimaging in 51 females with CD and 59 typically developing (TD) females to examine DNA methylation in relation to CD, CU traits, and gray matter volume (GMV). We demonstrate an inverse pattern of correlation between CU traits and methylation of a chromosome 1 region in CD females (positive) as compared to TD females (negative). The identified region spans exon 1 of theSLC25A24gene, central to energy metabolism due to its role in mitochondrial function. IncreasedSLC25A24methylation was also related to lower GMV in multiple brain regions in the overall cohort. These included the superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supramarginal gyrus, secondary visual cortex and ventral posterior cingulate cortex, which are regions that have previously been implicated in CD and CU traits. While our findings are preliminary and need to be replicated in larger samples, they provide novel evidence that CU traits in females are associated with methylation levels in a fundamentally different way in CD and TD individuals, which in turn may relate to observable variations in GMV across the brain.
Translational opportunities in animal and human models to study alcohol use disorder
Authors: Nieto Steven J. , Grodin Erica N. , Aguirre Claudia G. , Izquierdo Alicia , Ray Lara A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnimal and human laboratory paradigms offer invaluable approaches to study the complex etiologies and mechanisms of alcohol use disorder (AUD). We contend that human laboratory models provide a “bridge” between preclinical and clinical studies of AUD by allowing for well-controlled experimental manipulations in humans with AUD. As such, examining the consilience between experimental models in animals and humans in the laboratory provides unique opportunities to refine the translational utility of such models. The overall goal of the present review is to provide a systematic description and contrast of commonly used animal paradigms for the study of AUD, as well as their human laboratory analogs if applicable. While there is a wide breadth of animal species in AUD research, the paradigms discussed in this review rely predominately on rodent research. The overarching goal of this effort is to provide critical analysis of these animal models and to link them to human laboratory models of AUD. By systematically contrasting preclinical and controlled human laboratory models, we seek to identify opportunities to enhance their translational value through forward and reverse translation. We provide future directions to reconcile differences between animal and human work and to improve translational research for AUD.
Tenascin-c knockdown suppresses vasculogenic mimicry of gastric cancer by inhibiting ERK- triggered EMT
Authors: Kang Xing , Xu En , Wang Xingzhou , Qian Lulu , Yang Zhi , Yu Heng , Wang Chao , Ren Chuanfu , Wang Yizhou , Lu Xiaofeng , Xia Xuefeng , Guan Wenxian , Qiao Tong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is considered to be the leading cause for the failure of anti-angiogenesis therapy in advanced gastric cancer patients. In the present study, we investigate the role of tenascin-c (TNC) in the formation of VM in gastric cancer and found that TNC was upregulated in gastric cancer tissue than in the corresponding adjacent tissues and correlated with VM and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Furthermore, knockdown of TNC significantly inhibited VM formation and proliferation of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, with a reduction in cell migration and invasion. Mechanistically, TNC knockdown suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK and subsequently inhibited the process of EMT, both of which play an important role in VM formation. Our results indicated that TNC plays an important role in VM formation in gastric cancer. Combining inhibition of TNC and ERK may be a potential therapeutic approach to inhibit gastric cancer growth and metastasis and decrease antiangiogenic therapeutic resistance.
Microscale communication between bacterial pathogens and the host epithelium
Authors: Mix Ann-Kathrin , Goob Griseldis , Sontowski Erik , Hauck Christof R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPathogenic bacteria have evolved a variety of highly selective adhesins allowing these microbes to engage specific surface determinants of their eukaryotic host cells. Receptor clustering induced by the multivalent microorganisms will not only anchor the bacteria to the tissue, but will inevitably trigger host cell signaling. It has become clear, that these bacteria-initiated signaling events can be seen as a form of localized communication with host epithelial cells. Such a microscale communication can have immediate consequences in the form of changes in host cell membrane morphology or cytoskeletal organization, but can also lead to transcriptional responses and medium- and long-term alterations in cellular physiology. In this review, we will discuss several examples of this form of microscale communication between bacterial pathogens and mammalian host cells and try to delineate their downstream ramifications in the infection process. Furthermore, we will highlight recent findings that specialized pathogenic bacteria utilize the adhesin-based interaction to diffuse the short-range messenger molecule nitric oxide into the host tissue. While anti-adhesive strategies to disrupt the initial bacterial attachment have not yet translated into medical applications, the ability to interfere with the microscale communication emanating on the host side provides an unconventional approach for preventing infectious diseases.
A molecular design approach towards elastic and multifunctional polymer electronics
Authors: Zheng Yu , Yu Zhiao , Zhang Song , Kong Xian , Michaels Wesley , Wang Weichen , Chen Gan , Liu Deyu , Lai Jian-Cheng , Prine Nathaniel , Zhang Weimin , Nikzad Shayla , Cooper Christopher B. , Zhong Donglai , Mun Jaewan , Zhang Zhitao , Kang Jiheong , Tok Jeffrey B.-H. , McCulloch Iain , Qin Jian , Gu Xiaodan , Bao Zhenan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNext-generation wearable electronics require enhanced mechanical robustness and device complexity. Besides previously reported softness and stretchability, desired merits for practical use include elasticity, solvent resistance, facile patternability and high charge carrier mobility. Here, we show a molecular design concept that simultaneously achieves all these targeted properties in both polymeric semiconductors and dielectrics, without compromising electrical performance. This is enabled by covalently-embedded in-situ rubber matrix (iRUM) formation through good mixing of iRUM precursors with polymer electronic materials, and finely-controlled composite film morphology built on azide crosslinking chemistry which leverages different reactivities with C–H and C=C bonds. The high covalent crosslinking density results in both superior elasticity and solvent resistance. When applied in stretchable transistors, the iRUM-semiconductor film retained its mobility after stretching to 100% strain, and exhibited record-high mobility retention of 1 cm2 V−1 s−1 after 1000 stretching-releasing cycles at 50% strain. The cycling life was stably extended to 5000 cycles, five times longer than all reported semiconductors. Furthermore, we fabricated elastic transistors via consecutively photo-patterning of the dielectric and semiconducting layers, demonstrating the potential of solution-processed multilayer device manufacturing. The iRUM represents a molecule-level design approach towards robust skin-inspired electronics.
Gastric proton pump with two occluded K+ engineered with sodium pump-mimetic mutations
Authors: Abe Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Kenta , Irie Katsumasa , Nishizawa Tomohiro , Oshima Atsunori 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe gastric H+,K+-ATPase mediates electroneutral exchange of 1H+/1K+ per ATP hydrolysed across the membrane. Previous structural analysis of the K+-occluded E2-P transition state of H+,K+-ATPase showed a single bound K+ at cation-binding site II, in marked contrast to the two K+ ions occluded at sites I and II of the closely-related Na+,K+-ATPase which mediates electrogenic 3Na+/2K+ translocation across the membrane. The molecular basis of the different K+ stoichiometry between these K+-counter-transporting pumps is elusive. We show a series of crystal structures and a cryo-EM structure of H+,K+-ATPase mutants with changes in the vicinity of site I, based on the structure of the sodium pump. Our step-wise and tailored construction of the mutants finally gave a two-K+ bound H+,K+-ATPase, achieved by five mutations, including amino acids directly coordinating K+ (Lys791Ser, Glu820Asp), indirectly contributing to cation-binding site formation (Tyr340Asn, Glu936Val), and allosterically stabilizing K+-occluded conformation (Tyr799Trp). This quintuple mutant in the K+-occluded E2-P state unambiguously shows two separate densities at the cation-binding site in its 2.6 Å resolution cryo-EM structure. These results offer new insights into how two closely-related cation pumps specify the number of K+ accommodated at their cation-binding site.
Skilful precipitation nowcasting using deep generative models of radar
Authors: Ravuri Suman , Lenc Karel , Willson Matthew , Kangin Dmitry , Lam Remi , Mirowski Piotr , Fitzsimons Megan , Athanassiadou Maria , Kashem Sheleem , Madge Sam , Prudden Rachel , Mandhane Amol , Clark Aidan , Brock Andrew , Simonyan Karen , Hadsell Raia , Robinson Niall , Clancy Ellen , Arribas Alberto , Mohamed Shakir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrecipitation nowcasting, the high-resolution forecasting of precipitation up to two hours ahead, supports the real-world socioeconomic needs of many sectors reliant on weather-dependent decision-making1,2. State-of-the-art operational nowcasting methods typically advect precipitation fields with radar-based wind estimates, and struggle to capture important non-linear events such as convective initiations3,4. Recently introduced deep learning methods use radar to directly predict future rain rates, free of physical constraints5,6. While they accurately predict low-intensity rainfall, their operational utility is limited because their lack of constraints produces blurry nowcasts at longer lead times, yielding poor performance on rarer medium-to-heavy rain events. Here we present a deep generative model for the probabilistic nowcasting of precipitation from radar that addresses these challenges. Using statistical, economic and cognitive measures, we show that our method provides improved forecast quality, forecast consistency and forecast value. Our model produces realistic and spatiotemporally consistent predictions over regions up to 1,536 km × 1,280 km and with lead times from 5–90 min ahead. Using a systematic evaluation by more than 50 expert meteorologists, we show that our generative model ranked first for its accuracy and usefulness in 89% of cases against two competitive methods. When verified quantitatively, these nowcasts are skillful without resorting to blurring. We show that generative nowcasting can provide probabilistic predictions that improve forecast value and support operational utility, and at resolutions and lead times where alternative methods struggle.
Aposematism facilitates the diversification of parental care strategies in poison frogs
Authors: Carvajal-Castro Juan D. , Vargas-Salinas Fernando , Casas-Cardona Santiago , Rojas Bibiana , Santos Juan C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany organisms have evolved adaptations to increase the odds of survival of their offspring. Parental care has evolved several times in animals including ectotherms. In amphibians, ~ 10% of species exhibit parental care. Among these, poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) are well-known for their extensive care, which includes egg guarding, larval transport, and specialized tadpole provisioning with trophic eggs. At least one third of dendrobatids displaying aposematism by exhibiting warning coloration that informs potential predators about the presence of defensive skin toxins. Aposematism has a central role in poison frog diversification, including diet specialization, and visual and acoustic communication; and it is thought to have impacted their reproductive biology as well. We tested the latter association using multivariate phylogenetic methods at the family level. Our results show complex relationships between aposematism and certain aspects of the reproductive biology in dendrobatids. In particular, aposematic species tend to use more specialized tadpole-deposition sites, such as phytotelmata, and ferry fewer tadpoles than non-aposematic species. We propose that aposematism may have facilitated the diversification of microhabitat use in dendrobatids in the context of reproduction. Furthermore, the use of resource-limited tadpole-deposition environments may have evolved in tandem with an optimal reproductive strategy characterized by few offspring, biparental care, and female provisioning of food in the form of unfertilized eggs. We also found that in phytotelm-breeders, the rate of transition from cryptic to aposematic phenotype is 17 to 19 times higher than vice versa. Therefore, we infer that the aposematism in dendrobatids might serve as an umbrella trait for the evolution and maintenance of their complex offspring-caring activities.