bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body tail adaptive kernel density estimation for nonnegative heavy-tailed data
Authors: Ziane Yasmina , Zougab Nabil , Adjabi Smail 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the procedure for deriving variable bandwidth in univariate kernel density estimation for nonnegative heavy-tailed (HT) data.
These procedures consider the Birnbaum–Saunders power-exponential (BS-PE) kernel estimator and the bayesian approach that treats the adaptive bandwidths.
We adapt an algorithm that subdivides the HT data set into two regions, high density region (HDR) and low-density region (LDR), and we assign a bandwidth parameter for each region.
They are derived by using a Monte Carlo Markov chain (MCMC) sampling algorithm.
A series of simulation studies and real data are realized for evaluating the performance of a procedure proposed.
miR-142-5p promotes cervical cancer progression by targeting LMX1A through Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Ke Lijuan , Chen Yanping , Li Yiying , Chen Zheng , He Yihui , Liu Jiahua , Zhuang Yingfeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Previous work has shown that miR-142-5p in cervical cancer tissues increased significantly compared with adjacent normal tissues. However, the function and the mechanism of miR-142-5p in cervical cancer have not been reported.

Methods
Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the gene expression levels. MTT, flow cytometry, and transwell assays were performed to explore the functions of miR-142-5p in HeLa cells. The potential target gene of miR-142-5p was investigated via luciferase reporter assays. The protein expression levels were analyzed by Western blotting.

Results
We found that miR-142-5p expression was elevated but LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha (LMX1A) was decreased in cervical cancer tissues and cells. Overexpression of miR-142-5p or knockdown of LMX1A inhibited cell apoptosis, promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion abilities, and activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. However, knockdown of miR-142-5p or overexpression of LMX1A showed opposite results. LMX1A was identified as a direct target of miR-142-5p by luciferase reporter assays. Finally, rescue experiments demonstrated that LMX1A overexpression attenuated the carcinogenic effect of miR-142-5p mimic on HeLa cells.

Conclusions
These findings suggested that miR-142-5p might be a cervical cancer oncogene and could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Correlation between kinematic sagittal parameters of the cervical lordosis or head posture and disc degeneration in patients with posterior neck pain
Authors: Lee Hyo Jeong , Jeon Dae Geun , Park Jung Hyun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to examine the degrees of the cervical disc degeneration and the parameters of cervical sagittal balance in plain radiographs, representing cervical lordosis or head posture in subjects with posterior neck pain. A total of 113 patients with posterior neck pain with or without radiating pain were analyzed. The kinematic sagittal parameters of cervical radiographs were obtained at the occipito–cervical (O–C2) angle, sagittal Cobb’s angles of C1–C2, C2–C7, and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) of C1–C7 and C2–C7. Cervical disc degeneration was evaluated using the sum of Pfirrmann grades and total modified Matsumoto scores calculated from MRI of the cervical spine. A significant positive correlation was found for the C2–C7 angle using the sum of the Pfirrmann grades and total modified Matsumoto scores, whereas the O–C2 angle and the C1–C2 angle were negatively correlated. The sagittal cervical parameters representing cervical kyphosis and jaw lifting posture were found to be significantly correlated with the degree of cervical disc degeneration. These findings suggest that the loss of the natural sagittal lordosis of the cervical spine may contribute to the progression of disc degeneration, rather than the forward head posture.
Expression and clinical significance of CMTM1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Song Xin , Zhang Shidong , Tian Run , Zheng Chuanjun , Xu Yuge , Wang Tianxian , Bei Chunhua , Zhang Huixia , He Xiao , Zhu Xiaonian , Tan Shengkui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
CKLF Like Marvel Transmembrane Domain Containing 1 (CMTM1) plays a role in breast cancer and lung cancer, but studies on the occurrence and development of CMTM1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been reported.

Methods
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect CMTM1 expression in HCC tissues. The relationship between CMTM1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of HCC patients was analyzed by chi-square test, and the relationship between CMTM1 expression and the prognosis of HCC patients was tested by the Kaplan–Meier model.

Results
Bioinformatics analysis showed that the mRNA expression of CMTM1 was upregulated in HCC tissues, and low expression of CMTM1 is associated with longer disease-free survival in patients with HCC. Similarly, the survival time of HCC patients in CMTM1 high expression group was significantly shorter than that in CMTM1 low expression group. IHC detection indicated that CMTM1 protein was highly expressed in both HCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues, with a positive expression in 84% (63/75) of HCC tissues and 89.3% (67/75) of adjacent non-tumor tissues. Moreover, CMTM1 expression was related to family history and TNM stage of HCC patients (P < 0.05), but had no relationship with other clinicopathological characteristics. The survival analysis based on IHC results showed that the prognosis of HCC patients in CMTM1 negative group was significantly poorer than that in CMTM1 positive group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
CMTM1 has a high expression in HCC tissues and is related to the prognosis of HCC patients.
A novel approach for the production of zinc borate (4ZnO·B2O3·H2O) using a single-step hydrothermal method
Authors: Yalçın Ali , Gönen Mehmet 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Zinc borate having the formula of 4ZnO·B2O3·H2O has been used as a fire retardant for polymers requiring high processing temperatures since it has a high dehydration temperature (around 415°C). The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature were investigated on the heterogeneous reaction between solid zinc oxide and boric acid solution. A stoichiometric amount of zinc oxide and 5.0% excess boric acid were used in experiments and the other parameters, mixing speed (1700 rpm), the solid-liquid ratio of 20%, and the amount of seed crystal (3.9% wt) were kept constant for all experiments. A 91.1% conversion was obtained at 120°C for 5 h of reaction time. Precipitated product was filtered and washed by hot water to remove the excess boric acid. Finally it was dried until reaching to a constant mass in an air circulating oven at 105°C. Powder products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectrum and XRD pattern of powders are consistent with data of the zinc borate given in the literature. According to SEM analysis, whiskers are less than 1 μm in diameter and their lengths are in the range of 1–10 μm.
Synthesis and structure of 2,8-dimethyl-10,10-dichlorophenoxatellurine
Authors: Mostaghimi Farzin , Duvinage Daniel , Lork Enno , Beckmann Jens 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The condensation of 4,4’-dimethyldiphenylether with tellurium tetrachloride yielded 2,8-dimethyl-10,10-dichlorophenoxatellurine (3), which was characterized by X-ray diffraction. Unlike the parent phenoxatellurine (1) and the 10,10,-dichlorophenoxatellurine (2) showing butterfly conformations, 3 reveals a planar ring structure.
Variable combinations of organophosphines in PtP3X derivatives: Structural aspects
Authors: Melník Milan , Mikuš Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This review covers over fifty Pt (II) complexes of the compositions PtP3X (X = H, OL, NL, BL, Cl, SL, Br, or I). These complexes crystallized in three crystal classes: monoclinic (23 examples) triclinic (17 examples) and orthorhombic (11 examples). The PtP3Cl is most common with 23 examples. There are variable combinations of organophosphines monodentate – P; bidentate- P,P; P,N; P,B; and tridentate – P,P,P; P,O,P; P,N,P; and P,S,P. The structural parameters (Pt–L, L–Pt–L) are analyzed and discussed with an attention to the distortion of a square-planar geometry about the Pt (II) atoms as well as of trans-influence. The sums of Pt–L (x4) bond distances growing with covalent radius of the X-atoms.
Exponential trigonometric convex functions and Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities
Authors: Kadakal Mahir , İşcan İmdat , Agarwal Praveen , Jleli Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this manuscript, we introduce and study the concept of exponential trigonometric convex functions and their some algebraic properties. We obtain Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for the newly introduced class of functions. We also obtain some refinements of the Hermite-Hadamard inequality for functions whose first derivative in absolute value, raised to a certain power which is greater than one, respectively at least one, is exponential trigonometric convex function. It has been shown that the result obtained with Hölder-İşcan and improved power-mean integral inequalities give better approximations than that obtained with Hölder and improved power-mean integral inequalities.
Ultra-high frequency induction and conventional sintering of Al-SiO2 composites: A comparative study
Authors: Çavdar Uğur Ç , Gül Burak , Gezici Levent Ulvi , Ayvaz Mehmet 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to determine and compare the sinterability of aluminum-SiO2 composites by conventional and fast sintering methods and to examine their tribological properties after the sintering process. For this purpose, 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15 wt.-% SiO2 reinforced aluminum matrix composites were sintered by a conventional and induction sintering method at 600 °C after uniaxial cold pressing under 200 MPa pressure. The sintering was performed for 30 minutes for the traditional method and 5 minutes for induction sintering. After the sintering, the microstructures of the samples were examined, and their sintered densities and hardness were determined. In addition, the tribological properties of the samples were investigated by the pin-on-disc method, and the worn surfaces were examined after the tests.
Preparation and swelling behavior of end-linked hydrogels prepared from linear poly(ethylene glycol) and dendrimer-star polymers
Authors: Wang Jun , Qu Guangna , Liu Xiangbin , Yu Qin , Zhang Na 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Linear diepoxide-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of molar mass 600, 1000 and 2000 g mol−1 was end-linked with dendrimer-star polymer (PAMAM) of generations 1.0 in water to prepare architecturally well-defined copolymer hydrogels. The structures and properties of the products were characterized using infrared, 1H NMR, DSC measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and swelling behavior tests. The swelling behavior of these hydrogels was tested in distilled water at constant temperature and the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) was determined for structurally different hydrogels and various environmental conditions, which showed that ESR was influenced by the molecular weight of PEG, the molar ratio of H amine groups/epoxy groups, temperature and pH. Higher ESR was obtained for either longer-chain PEG, non-stoichiometric H amine/epoxy groups ratio, acidic pH or lower temperatures. When the hydrogel was switched from 10 °C to 65 °C and pH 3.5 to 11.5, the swelling behavior of the hydrogels showed good reversibility for swelling–deswelling. When the molecular weight of PEG was changed in the range of 600–2000, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of hydrogel increased from 30 to 40 °C. When the molar ratio of H amine/epoxy groups was changed, the LCST was not significantly changed.
Patient-derived iPSCs, a reliable in vitro model for the investigation of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Amponsah Asiamah Ernest , Guo Ruiyun , Kong Desheng , Feng Baofeng , He Jingjing , Zhang Wei , Liu Xin , Du Xiaofeng , Ma Zhenhuan , Liu Boxin , Ma Jun , Cui Huixian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and a common cause of dementia among elderly individuals. The disease is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, accumulation of senile amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Human-derived cell models of AD are scarce, and over the years, non-human-derived models have been developed to recapitulate clinical AD, investigate the disease’s pathogenesis and develop therapies for the disease. Several pharmacological compounds have been developed for AD based on findings from non-human-derived cell models; however, these pharmacological compounds have failed at different phases of clinical trials. This necessitates the application of human-derived cell models, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in their optimized form in AD mechanistic studies and preclinical drug testing. This review provides an overview of AD and iPSCs. The AD-relevant phenotypes of iPSC-derived AD brain cells and the usefulness of iPSCs in AD are highlighted. Finally, the various recommendations that have been made to enhance iPSC/AD modelling are discussed.
Neurological involvement of COVID-19: from neuroinvasion and neuroimmune crosstalk to long-term consequences
Authors: Septyaningtrias Dian Eurike , Susilowati Rina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to be a multidimensional threat to humanity, more evidence of neurological involvement associated with it has emerged. Neuroimmune interaction may prove to be important not only in the pathogenesis of neurological manifestations but also to prevent systemic hyperinflammation. In this review, we summarize reports of COVID-19 cases with neurological involvement, followed by discussion of possible routes of entry, immune responses against coronavirus infection in the central nervous system and mechanisms of nerve degeneration due to viral infection and immune responses. Possible mechanisms for neuroprotection and virus-associated neurological consequences are also discussed.
Anticipated BSDEs driven by two mutually independent fractional Brownian motions with non-Lipschitz coefficients
Authors: Aidara Sadibou , Sagna Yaya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with a class of anticipated backward stochastic differential equations driven by two mutually independent fractional Brownian motions. We essentially establish the existence and uniqueness of a solution in the case of Lipschitz coefficients and non-Lipschitz coefficients. The stochastic integral used throughout the paper is the divergence-type integral.
Joint origins of speech and music: testing evolutionary hypotheses on modern humans
Authors: Ravignani Andrea , de Boer Bart 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHow music and speech evolved is a mystery. Several hypotheses on their origins, including one on their joint origins, have been put forward but rarely tested. Here we report and comment on the first experiment testing the hypothesis that speech and music bifurcated from a common system. We highlight strengths of the reported experiment, point out its relatedness to animal work, and suggest three alternative interpretations of its results. We conclude by sketching a future empirical programme extending this work.
Messunsicherheitsbetrachtungen an einem fünfachsigen Nano-Koordinatenmessgerät NMM-5D nach einem vektoriellen Ansatz
Authors: Fern Florian , Füßl Roland , Manske Eberhard , Schienbein Ralf , Theska René , Ortlepp Ingo , Leineweber Johannes 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag zeigt ein Konzept für eine fünfachsige Nano-Koordinatenmessmaschine zur Messung auf stark gekrümmten asphärischen und frei geformten optischen Oberflächen in einem Messvolumen von

25

mm
×
25

mm
×
5

mm

25\hspace{0.1667em}\text{mm}\times 25\hspace{0.1667em}\text{mm}\times 5\hspace{0.1667em}\text{mm}

mit einem maximal möglichen Neigungswinkel von bis zu 60° zur Hochachse und einer maximalen Rotation von 360° um die Hochachse. Dabei wird die Probe translatorisch bewegt und der Sensor in seiner Orientierung verändert. Unter Einhaltung des Abbe-Komparatorprinzips für alle Messachsen wird die Bewegungsabweichung des Sensors bei der Rotation durch ein in-situ-Referenzmesssystem erfasst. Dieses besteht aus drei kartesisch angeordneten Fabry-Pérot-Interferometern mit dem Ursprung im Antastpunktes des Sensors, die den Abstand zu einer hemisphärischen Referenzfläche messen. Die Messunsicherheitsbetrachtung des Gesamtsystems erfolgt nach dem guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement in einem vektoriellen Ansatz und liefert unter konservativen Annahmen eine Unsicherheit des Antastpunktes von maximal 72 nm (

k
=
1

k=1

).
The intertextual nature of embedded email communication for contract negotiation activities
Authors: Townley Anthony 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Emails have become the institutionalised communication medium for many discourse activities in work contexts. Sociolinguistic research in this area has mainly focused on the textual and communicative conventions of emails, as defined by disciplinary cultures and practices. This study is the first to analyse the intertextual nature of email communication for commercial contract negotiation purposes, with a particular focus on the communicative function of embedded emails. This concept relates to a genre of email discourse, which embeds the meaning of a series of messages generated by different participants in response to the original email, hence the name ‘embedded emails’. This study uses discourse and genre analysis to examine how a geographically dispersed team of legal and business professionals in Europe exploited the dialogic nature of embedded emails to negotiate amendments to contracts pertaining to an international Merger & Acquisition (M&A) transaction in English. The findings of this study show that embedded emails facilitate transparent collaboration between the individual professionals, by enabling them to monitor the exchange of proposals and counter-proposals during the negotiation process. This documented ability to trace and participate in contract negotiation activities through intertextual chains of embedded email communication is a key feature of professional communicative competence.
Blood lead level in school going children of Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Sharma Shailja , Mitra Prasenjit , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Sharma Praveen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Lead exposure in children contributes to 600,000 new cases of intellectual disabilities every year with maximum occurrence in developing countries. Currently limited information is available on the blood lead level (BLL) in children of India. The aim was to estimate BLL in the school going children of local population of Jodhpur.

Methods
Four hundred twenty-six primary school children of government and private schools participated in this cross sectional study. Information regarding possible lead exposure was collected. BLL was estimated on Lead Care II analyser (Magellan Diagnostics, USA).

Results
The mean and median BLL were 4.25 ± 1.75 μg/dL (<3.3–22.6 μg/dL) and 3.5 μg/dL (Inter Quartile Range 0.9). BLL was higher in children of illiterate mothers, those residing near traffic dense areas, urban region and studying in government schools of urban region.

Conclusions
BLL in children residing in Jodhpur is much higher in comparison to western counterparts. Screening and awareness programs regarding potential sources of lead exposure can help in improving BLL.
The potential antiepileptogenic effect of neuronal Cx36 gap junction channel blockage
Authors: Wang Guangliang , Wu Xuemei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders and can result in neuronal injury and degeneration. Consequently, research into new antiepileptic drugs capable of providing protection against neuronal injury and degeneration is extremely important. Neuronal Cx36 gap junction channels have been found to play an important role in epilepsy; thus, pharmacological interference using Cx36 gap junction channel blockers may be a promising strategy for disrupting the synchronization of neurons during seizure activity and protecting neurons. Based on these promising findings, several in vivo and in vitro studies are ongoing and the first encouraging results have been published. The results bring hope that neurons can be protected from injury and degeneration in patients with epilepsy, which is currently impossible.
Effect of solution acidity on the crystallization of polychromates in uranyl-bearing systems: synthesis and crystal structures of Rb2[(UO2)(Cr2O7)(NO3)2] and two new polymorphs of Rb2Cr3O10
Authors: Nazarchuk Evgeny V. , Siidra Oleg I. , Charkin Dmitry O. , Kalmykov Stepan N. , Kotova Elena L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Three new rubidium polychromates, Rb2[(UO2)(Cr2O7)(NO3)2] (1), γ-Rb2Cr3O10 (2) and δ-Rb2Cr3O10 (3) were prepared by combination of hydrothermal treatment at 220 °C and evaporation of aqueous solutions under ambient conditions. Compound 1 is monoclinic,

P

2
1

/
c

$P{2}_{1}/c$

, a = 13.6542(19), b = 19.698(3), c = 11.6984(17) Å, β = 114.326(2)°, V = 2867.0(7) Å3, R
1 = 0.040; 2 is hexagonal,

P

6
3

/
m

$P{6}_{3}/m$

, a = 11.991(2), c = 12.828(3) Å, γ = 120°, V = 1597.3(5) Å3, R
1 = 0.031; 3 is monoclinic,

P

2
1

/
n

$P{2}_{1}/n$

, a = 7.446(3), b = 18.194(6), c = 7.848(3) Å, β = 99.953(9)°, V = 1047.3(7) Å3, R
1 = 0.037. In the crystal structure of 1, UO8 bipyramids and NO3 groups share edges to form [(UO2)(NO3)2] species which share common corners with dichromate Cr2O7 groups producing novel type of uranyl dichromate chains [(UO2)(Cr2O7)(NO3)2]2−. In the structures of new Rb2Cr3O10 polymorphs, CrO4 tetrahedra share vertices to form Cr3O10
2− species. The trichromate groups are aligned along the 63 screw axis forming channels running in the ab plane in the structure of 2. The Rb cations reside between the channels and in their centers completing the structure. The trichromate anions are linked by the Rb+ cations into a 3D framework in the structure of 3. Effect of solution acidity on the crystallization of polychromates in uranyl-bearing systems is discussed.
A mathematical model for thermography on viscous fluid based on damped thermal flux
Authors: Ali Qasim , Riaz Samia , Awan Aziz Ullah , Abro Kashif Ali 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Thermography is a fully noninvasive technique that discerns the thermal profiles of highly viable rheological parameters in heat and mass transference. In this paper, the free convection flow of viscous fluid among two vertical and parallel plates in the existence of a transverse magnetic field is investigated. The Caputo time-fractional derivative is manipulated for introducing a thermal transport equation along with a weak memory. The analytical and closed-form fractional solution for the temperature and velocity profiles are obtained through Laplace paired in conjunction with the finite Sine-Fourier transforms technique. The solution to the classical model is concluded as a special case for the solutions to the fractional modeled problem when the memory factor (the order of fractional derivative) approaches 1. Also, the solutions are stated in connection with the Mittag–Leffler function. The influences of variations of fractional and material parameters are depicted through MathCad15.