bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGGUNAAN METODE TANYA JAWAB DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DI SMA DHARMAWIRAWAN PEPABRI MAKASSAR
Authors: Asriadi Muhammad , Masni Masni 
Published: November 2021

The Use of the Question and Answer Method in Learning Citizenship Education Subjects at Dharmawirawan Pepabri High School Makassar. This research was conducted at Dharmawirawan Pepabri High School Makassar. The purpose of this research is to (1) determine the application of the question and answer method by the subject teachers of Citizenship Education at Dharmawirawan Pepabri High School Makassar, (2) provide an overview of knowledge about teacher and student perceptions of the use of the question and answer method in the learning process at Citizenship Education subject at Dharmawirawan Pepabri High School Makassar, (3) to find out how the obstacles a teacher faces in applying the question and answer method at Dharmawirawan Pepabri High School Makassar. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection carried out through interview and documentation techniques. The sample in this study were 2 class XI teachers. The results showed that: (1) The application of the question and answer method in the learning process of civic education at the Dharmawirawan Pepabri High School Makassar was considered to be running well. This is evidenced by the results of interviews conducted with Citizenship Education teachers who show that the application of the question and answer method in the learning process is to facilitate interaction between teachers and students so that learning activities will be more effective and efficient.(2) The consideration of a teacher choosing the question and answer method at Dharmawirawan Pepabri High School Makassar, to apply the question and answer method, which is to give effect to students to always be ready to master the subject matter before starting the teaching and learning process at school so that students will always focus on the material provided. (3) The obstacles faced by a teacher in applying the question and answer method at the Dharmawirawan Pepabri Makassar High School are divided into (a) the student factor (b) the duration factor, (c) the facility factor.
Ein früher Beleg für mSt/ⲙⲟⲩϣⲧ in einer Schlüsselstelle des Qadesh-Programmes Ramses’ II. (B 28, Version L1)?
Authors: Rogner Frederik 
Published: November 2021

“An early attestation of mSt / ⲙⲟⲩϣⲧ in a key passage of Ramesses II’s Qadesh programme (B 28, Version L1)?” - This contribution suggests a new reading for a verb that appears in the Luxor versions (L1 and L2) of the Qadesh-Bulletin (B 28). It is based on a lexicographical study and explains the different writings in the two versions. The subsequent discussion of the passage and its role in the Qadesh programme as a whole confirms the new reading.
CERAMIC COMPLEX OF EARLY SCYTHIAN AGE FROM THE TRACT CHINA MOUNTAIN IN POROSIE
Authors: Romanuik V. V. 
Published: November 2021

The publication is devoted to the characteristics of the ceramic complex discovered in 2019 in the burial mound 1, located near the village of Kryva (China-Gora tract), Tarashchansky district, Kyiv region. Under a small mound in the grave pit at a depth of about 2 m were three sculpted vessels (the large pot and two smaller) in an inverted position. The large pot is decorated with carved geometric ornaments, painted with white paste. Both pots are tulip-shaped. The most expressive analogies (from the collection of F. F. Kunderevich and the mound 1 1999) look undoubtedly more archaic. According to these analogies, the ceramic complex from the Chinatown tract can be dated to the second half of the 7th century BC. Korchaga from the Chinatown complex is probably later. That is the period of «late geometry», when the decorative traditions of the Jabotins gradually disappear. The middle of the 7th century. BC. is a conditional boundary from which the violation of the tradition of Jabotin geometry in the Black Sea region begins.
TRANSPORT AMPHORAE FROM THE SARMATIAN BURIAL GROUNDS OF BUDJAK (the Last Third of 2nd—3rd Cent. AD)
Authors: Dzygovskyi O. M. , Masyuta D. O. 
Published: November 2021

The transport amphorae discovered in the Budjak’s Sarmatian burial assemblages of the last third of 2nd—3rd century AD are analyzed in the paper. These containers collection consists of the amphorae of variation C IVC and C IVD by S. Yu. Vnukov, variation I B by A. Opaiţ and the vessels of undefined kind. In its turn, amphorae C IVD could be divided on subvariation C IVD1 and C IVD2. Among the researched materials the containers for olive oil, fish products transportation are absent and identified variation of amphorae are presented exceptionally the wine vessels. The big majority of Budjak’s Sarmatian’s sites amphorae of marked time belong to the production of Heraclea Pontica. Such popularity of Heraclean wine among the nomads we can explain not only by its relative cheapness or by taste partialities of its buyers. The small sizes of vessels of variation C IVC and C IVD by S. Yu. Vnukov helped forward to their transportation by land on the big distances. The recent notice can regard also the amphorae of variation I B by A. Opaiţ, produced in Lower Danube area. The main wine suppliers to the Sarmatian population of Budjak, were, apparently, the merchants from Tyras, the part of goods came from the «little border trade» with Lower Moesia and Dacia. The peak of amphorae containers entrance to Budjak accounts for the last third of 2nd — the middle of second quarter of 3rd c. AD., which was helped forward by the stable war-political appointments in the region. In the second half of 3rd c. AD. the entrance volume of these containers on the researched territory greatly decline, that, in its turn, was connected with the «Scythian» («Gothic») wars of 238—270 years AD.
THE HEADDRESS FROM THE BERDYANSK KURGAN
Authors: Klochko L. S. 
Published: November 2021

The Berdyansk kurgan has been studied for a long time, however some problems remain unsolved. One of them is the reconstruction of costume components by decorative elements, found in central burial (N 2). It was raided, however one area remained intact. Below the collapsed ceiling is the «item storage»: there were items of which only jewelry remained — the large amount of golden applique plates (2991 items total). The most peculiar are the artifacts which were probably the adornments for the headwear. In order to recreate their form, the complex and comparative analyses of golden plates’ collections were performed. The probably adorned cone-shaped hats and the veil. The one collection of adornments included appliques which were on the frontal part of the headwear. Below were the triangular plates, the main part was occupied by ornamented appliques: «portraits» full face (female image) and profile (grotesque male image), felidae predator. The adornments of the cone-shaped hat are connected to the other headwear — the veil. It was ornamented on its edges — on the left and on the right — with rectangular plates which contained so-called «brotherhood scene». The connection of the said images on the headwears is the marker of sacramental act — wedding rituals.
The artifacts, which probably were ornaments of headwear, draw most attention. The complex and comparative analysis of golden jewelry was used in order to recreate their form. It is possible that they were attached to different types of attires. One attire consisted of cone-shaped hat and the veil. They are decorated with anthropomorphous images and geometrical ornaments (triangles). Another attire is also the cone-shaped hat, which form is supported by horizontal lines of plates with the images of predators and triangles. Generally speaking, these are the symbols of fertility cult. One of the tasks of the research is the determination of attire’s semantics. The grave contains the burial of a high-rank man, but the reconstructed attires are female. Cone-shaped attires are linked to wedding ceremonies in many peoples. The burial and wedding rituals have similar semantics, since both are about passing from one world to another. Sacred attires could have been the markers of bride’s (or brides’) presence in the male burial.
Apart from the headwears there were also the necklace which resembles the net and the clothes adorned with golden appliques. The «item storage» was surrounded by the golden plates, presumably sewed on the veil, which had the images of the gryphon and felidae hunter — the ornament which divides two worlds — one of life, and the other of death.
WANDERING CASTERS IN THE NORTHERN PONTIC REGION
Authors: Olgovskii S. Ya. 
Published: November 2021

The paper deals with the tradition of wandering craft that is the work of foundry workers on the road. Due to the high technological effectiveness the production and processing of metals required high professionalism which determined the isolation of the speciality of foundry workers and their difference from the rest of the population. They did not engage in other types of economic work and spread their influence over large areas, moving between settlements. Their activity is evidenced by burials in the Bronze Age far from settlements, accompanied by accessories of foundry craft, as well as treasures of the Late Bronze Age containing foundry moulds, tools and metal blanks, scrap and semi-finished products. Indirect traces of foundry craft in agricultural settlements are also frequent. They are represented by worn-out casting moulds or their fragments that were no longer of value to the artisan, or traces of working with metal in the form of semi-finished products or copper slags. Wandering craftsmen existed throughout the history of metallurgy from the emergence of this craft and almost until modern times, that is, from the Neolithic, the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age to the 20th century, which made it possible to single out specialized metalworking centres, whose craftsmen provided the agricultural population with their products, wandering between settlements. At the same time, only two stationary workshops in the Northern Pontic region are known in the Bronze Age. But when isolating a metalworking centre, the presence of workshops is not at all necessary, since the focus does not mean a metalworking centre, but a region of similar production with common typological and chemical and metallurgical characteristics of products and a single technology for their production. It should only be noted that the question of wandering craftsmen in the early Iron Age has been raised quite recently, and by this time many well-developed metalworking centres are known. At the turn of the century, non-ferrous metal passes into the hands of jewellers and the role of non-ferrous metalworking decreases. Apparently, the role of wandering craftsmen is gradually decreasing. But an example of the work of a wandering craft has been only recently shown by nomadic gipsies.
Amélia Janny 1842-1914: estudo, antologia e bibliografia, por Maria Aparecida Ribeiro
Authors: Vieira Susana 
Published: November 2021

TRATA-SE DE UM RESENHA AO VOLUME:
AMÉLIA JANNY 1842-1914. Estudo, Antologia e Bibliografia. Maria Aparecida Ribeiro. Lisboa: Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal; Centro de Literaturas e Culturas Lusófonas e Europeias (CLEPUL); Centro Interdisciplinar de Ciências Sociais (CICS.NOVA), 2019.

... DISPENSANDO, POR ESSA RAZÃO, RESUMO.
Implementasi Data Mining dengan Metode Clustering Algoritma K-Means untuk Pengelompokan Data Tilang di Instansi Pemerintah
Authors: Astuti Rini , Ukar Kurweni 
Published: November 2021

Terjadinya pelanggaran lalu lintas yang sangat banyak dan beragam dapat menyebabkan harus diterbitkannya bukti pelanggaran (tilang) lalu lintas oleh Kepolisian Lalu Lintas yang banyak pula. Pelanggaran terjadi karena ada ketidaksesuaian dengan aturan di Undangundang yang telah ditetapkan yaitu Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 Tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan. Karena data tilang sangat banyak, maka Pengelolaan data tilang membutuhkan waktu yang lama, sehingga dapat menyebabkan pelayanan sidang tilang untuk menentukan denda kepada pelanggar juga lama
Salah satu cara untuk mempercepat palayanan adalah dengan memanfaatkan data mining agar data tersebut lebih bermakna dalam bentuk informasi. Data mining adalah proses menerapkan berbagai metode untuk pengelolaan data dengan maksud untuk mengungkap pola-pola tersembunyi. Dengan arti lain Data mining adalah proses untuk penggalian polapola dari data.
Penelitian ini mengimplementasikan data mining metode clustering dengan algoritma kmeans yang merupakan salah satu algoritma pembentukan cluster data, Algoritma ini bekerja dengan cara membagi data ke dalam k-cluster dengan mengelompokkan data berdasarkan kelas-kelas tertentu yang kemudian dirumuskan hasilnya dengan menganalisis banyaknya pasal yang dilanggar dan rata-rata jumlah total pembayaran denda. Dengan adanya sistem pengelolaan data tilang di suatu Instansi Pemerintah ini, diharapkan dapat mempermudah dan mempersingkat waktu pelayananan persidangan baik dalam pengelolaan data, pembayaran denda ataupun proses pengembalian barang bukti tilang.
Sistem informasi pengelompokan data tilang ini menerapkan pengelompokan dengan menggunakan Algoritma K-Means dengan metode clustering, clustering merupakan proses yang digunakan untuk mengelompokkan objek sesuai informasi yang diperoleh dari data yang menyamakan anggota dalam kelasnya, Pendekatan proses pengembangan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan berorientasi objek dengan tool UML dengan model proses prototyping. Melalui sistem ini, dapat memudahkan dalam penyajian informasi berupa jenis tilang terbanyak dan sebagainya, juga mampu meningkatkan kualitas kerja pegawai dalam hal pemanfaatan waktu dan meningkatkan pelayanan.
Estimasi Biaya Transaksi dalam Pengelolaan Saluran Irigasi Vanderwicjk
Authors: Azis Miiftahul , Hidayat Aceng , Ismail Ahyar 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi biaya transaksi dalam pengelolaan saluran irigasi Vanderwijck. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Data primer didapatkan melalui wawancara (in depth interview) dengan responden serta key person dari stakeholder terkait pemanfaatan saluran irigasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis biaya transaksi yang diidentifikasi berdasarkan biaya yang dikeluarkan stakeholder yang terlibat dalam pengelolaan saluran irigasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya transaksi diperlukan untuk menciptakan keteraturan antar masing-masing stakeholder dalam menjalankan pengelolaan saluran irigasi. Estimasi biaya transaksi pengelolaan saluran irigasi berdasarkan realisasi anggaran dari stakeholder terkait adalah sebesar Rp. 1.783.194.000,- per tahun yang terdiri dari lima komponen biaya yaitu, biaya sosialisasi kelembagaan, koordinasi kelembagaan, pemantauan dan pengawasan, operasi dan pemeliharaan dan biaya pembinaan.
Perilaku Petani Padi Sawah Dalam Menggunakan Pestisida Kimia di Kecamatan Harau, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
Authors: Situmorang Helentina , Noveri Noveri , Putrina Mispit , Fitri Elva Rahmi 
Published: November 2021

Salah satu sentra produksi padi sawah di Indonesia adalah Provinsi Sumatera Barat di Kecamatan Harau. Jumlah produksi padi sawah di kecamatan Harau sebesar 45.784 ton tahun 2018 dengan luas tanam 11.266 ha. Namun, permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam kegiatan budidaya tanaman padi di Kecamatan Harau adalah beberapa hama yang sering menyerang tanaman padi antara lain keong emas, tikus, walang sangit, kepinding tanah, wereng, dan burung. Oleh sebab itu sebagian besar petani padi sawah melakukan pengendalian hama dengan menggunakan pestisida kimia. Padahal, penggunaan pestisida kimia secara terus menerus mengakibatkan ekosistem di sekitar lahan menjadi rusak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku petani padi sawah dalam menggunakan pestisida kimia di Kecamatan Harau Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Oktober 2020 di Nagari Sarilamak dan Nagari Gurun Kecamatan Harau. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan pengambilan sampel secara sengaja (purposive sampling) sebanyak 30 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah secara deskriptif berdasarkan persepsi, motif dan sikap petani dalam penggunaan pestisida kimia. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa menurut persepsi petani mutlak melakukan pengendalian dengan penggunaan pestisida kimia dan mengurangi resiko produksi padi menurun/gagal panen; motif petani penggunaan pestisida kimia yang sudah terkenal, terbukti ampuh dan mudah ditemukan di pasar/kios, tetapi tidak berdasarkan pemahaman atas zat aktif yang terkandung dalam pestisida tersebut; dan sikap petani bersedia membayar mahal pestisida yang terbukti ampuh mengendalikan hama padi sawah.. Petani lebih mempertimbangkan resiko kegagalan panen dibandingkan dampak buruk pestisida kimia terhadap lingkungan.
Catastrophic Cooling in Superwinds. II. Exploring the Parameter Space
Authors: Danehkar Ashkbiz , Oey M. S. , Gray William J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Superwinds and superbubbles driven by mechanical feedback from super star clusters (SSCs) are common features in many star-forming galaxies. While the adiabatic fluid model can well describe the dynamics of superwinds, several observations of starburst galaxies revealed the presence of compact regions with suppressed superwinds and strongly radiative cooling, i.e., catastrophic cooling. In the present study, we employ the nonequilibrium atomic chemistry and cooling package MAIHEM, built on the FLASH hydrodynamics code, to generate a grid of models investigating the dependence of cooling modes on the metallicity, SSC outflow parameters, and ambient density. While gas metallicity plays a substantial role, catastrophic cooling is more sensitive to high mass loading and reduced kinetic heating efficiency. Our hydrodynamic simulations indicate that the presence of a hot superbubble does not necessarily imply an adiabatic outflow and vice versa. Using CLOUDY photoionization models, we predict UV and optical line emission for both adiabatic and catastrophic cooling outflows, for radiation-bounded and partially density-bounded models. Although the line ratios predicted by our radiation-bounded models agree well with observations of star-forming galaxies, they do not provide diagnostics that unambiguously distinguish the parameter space of catastrophically cooling flows. Comparison with observations suggests the possibility of minor density bounding, nonequilibrium ionization, and/or observational bias toward the central outflow regions.
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). XV. Tracing Protoplanetary Disk Structure within 20 au
Authors: Bosman Arthur D. , Bergin Edwin A. , Loomis Ryan A. , Andrews Sean M. , van ‘t Hoff Merel L. R. , Teague Richard , Öberg Karin I. , Guzmán Viviana V. , Walsh Catherine , Aikawa Yuri , Alarcón Felipe , Bae Jaehan , Bergner Jennifer B. , Booth Alice S. , Cataldi Gianni , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Czekala Ian , Huang Jane , Ilee John D. , Law Charles J. , Le Gal Romane , Liu Yao , Long Feng , Ménard François , Nomura Hideko , Pérez Laura M. , Qi Chunhua , Schwarz Kamber R. , Sierra Anibal , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Yamato Yoshihide , Wilner David J. , Zhang Ke 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Constraining the distribution of gas and dust in the inner 20 au of protoplanetary disks is difficult. At the same time, this region is thought to be responsible for most planet formation, especially around the water ice line at 3–10 au. Under the assumption that the gas is in a Keplerian disk, we use the exquisite sensitivity of the Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) ALMA large program to construct radial surface brightness profiles with a ∼3 au effective resolution for the CO isotopologue J = 2–1 lines using the line velocity profile. IM Lup reveals a central depression in 13CO and C18O that is ascribed to a pileup of ∼500 M
⊕ of dust in the inner 20 au, leading to a gas-to-dust ratio of around <10. This pileup is consistent with an efficient drift of grains (≳100 M
⊕ Myr−1) and a local gas-to-dust ratio that suggests that the streaming instability could be active. The CO isotopologue emission in the GM Aur disk is consistent with a small (∼15 au), strongly depleted gas cavity within the ∼40 au dust cavity. The radial surface brightness profiles for both the AS 209 and HD 163296 disks show a local minimum and maximum in the C18O emission at the location of a known dust ring (∼14 au) and gap (∼10 au), respectively. This indicates that the dust ring has a low gas-to-dust ratio (>10) and that the dust gap is gas-rich enough to have optically thick C18O. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). VIII. CO Gap in AS 209—Gas Depletion or Chemical Processing?
Authors: Alarcón Felipe , Bosman Arthur D. , Bergin Edwin A. , Zhang Ke , Teague Richard , Bae Jaehan , Aikawa Yuri , Andrews Sean M. , Booth Alice S. , Calahan Jenny K. , Cataldi Gianni , Czekala Ian , Huang Jane , Ilee John D. , Law Charles J. , Le Gal Romane , Liu Yao , Long Feng , Loomis Ryan A. , Ménard François , Öberg Karin I. , Schwarz Kamber R. , van ’t Hoff Merel L. R. , Walsh Catherine , Wilner David J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Emission substructures in gas and dust are common in protoplanetary disks. Such substructures can be linked to planet formation or planets themselves. We explore the observed gas substructures in AS 209 using thermochemical modeling with RAC2D and high-spatial-resolution data from the Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) program. The observations of C18O J = 2–1 emission exhibit a strong depression at 88 au overlapping with the positions of multiple gaps in millimeter dust continuum emission. We find that the observed CO column density is consistent with either gas surface-density perturbations or chemical processing, while C2H column density traces changes in the C/O ratio rather than the H2 gas surface density. However, the presence of a massive planet (>0.2 M
Jup) would be required to account for this level of gas depression, which conflicts with constraints set by the dust emission and the pressure profile measured by gas kinematics. Based on our models, we infer that a local decrease of CO abundance is required to explain the observed structure in CO, dominating over a possible gap-carving planet present and its effect on the H2 surface density. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
Double journée et conditions du travail professionnel : une analyse statistique renouvelée
Authors: Coutrot Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Les femmes et les hommes qui assument une « double journée » de travail bénéficient-elles ou ils, en compensation, de conditions plus favorables dans leur travail professionnel, ou bien cumulent-elles ou ils plutôt – conformément à l’hypothèse du caractère transversal de la division sexuelle du travail – cette charge domestique avec des conditions de travail dégradées dans leur emploi rémunéré, mettant ainsi leur santé en péril ? Pour la première fois l’enquête Conditions de travail et risques psychosociaux (CT-RPS 2016) a demandé aux répondant·es de chiffrer leur temps de travail ménager. L’analyse statistique valide l’hypothèse du cumul entre charge de travail ménager et conditions de travail professionnel dégradées, même en contrôlant par un vaste ensemble de caractéristiques notamment la profession ; moins nombreux à réaliser du travail domestique, les hommes qui lui consacrent du temps ont des conditions de travail encore plus dégradées que les femmes. Les personnes les plus affectées sont les femmes les plus diplômées, mais aussi les hommes les moins diplômés.