bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine on the Pressor Response Due to Endotracheal Intubation and on the Induction Dose of Propofol for Surgeries Under General Anesthesia
Authors: Kore Shilpa Sarang , Teresa Jose Vazhakalayil Subha , Shah Krusha Suresh 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Pressor response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation has been associated with sympathetic and parasympathetic responses which can be attenuated by alpha 2 receptor agonists.

Aims:
The present study aimed to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in attenuating hemodynamic response to endotracheal intubation and also on the induction dose of propofol.

Materials and Methods:
It was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, parallel group, placebo-controlled study in tertiary care hospital. A total of 50 patients aged 18–60 years, American Society of Anaesthesiology 1 and 2, scheduled for elective surgeries under general anesthesia (GA). Each patient in Group 1 received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine at 0.001 mg/kg over 10 min before induction of anesthesia and Group 2 received 20 ml normal saline over 10 min. Hemodynamic parameters prior to laryngoscopy and up to 10 min after intubation were measured. The requirement of induction dose of propofol was also calculated.

Results:
Dexmedetomidine showed significant efficacy in suppressing pressor response during endotracheal intubation. Furthermore, lesser dose of propofol was required for induction of GA.

Conclusion:
Dexmedetomidine can be used as an adjuvant in GA to prevent pressor response during intubation and decrease the requirement of intravenous induction agent propofol.
Ten Years of Universal Testing: How the Rapid Diagnostic Test Became a Game Changer for Malaria Case Management and Improved Disease Reporting
Authors: Aidoo Michael , Incardona Sandra 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT.
In 2010, the World Health Organization changed its guidance on malaria case management, recommending parasitological confirmation of all suspected cases before treatment with an antimalarial. This recommendation was in large part as a result of the availability of quality assured malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) that made it possible for malaria diagnosis to be performed by laboratory staff in all health facilities irrespective of the facility’s place in the tiered health system. Community health workers and other non-laboratory health workers who traditionally did not perform malaria testing due to the technical and logistic demands of smear microscopy were now able to test for malaria. The use of RDTs has led to substantial increases in testing rates, improved quality of case management, as well as more accurate reporting of malaria cases. Although current RDTs have limitations, they remain one of the most important tools in contemporary malaria control. Further improvements to existing products, such as increased sensitivity for non-falciparum tests, diversification of Plasmodium falciparum antigen targets, along with strengthened health system support for current RDTs will further enhance their utility in malaria control and prevention.
Assessing an Adaptation of the Universal Parasite Diagnostic Assay for Bloodborne Parasites in a US State Public Health Laboratory
Authors: Clemons Brooke , Barratt Joel , Lane Meredith , Qvarnstrom Yvonne , Teal Allen E. , Zayas Greicy , Madison-Antenucci Susan 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT.
For complex clinical cases where a parasitic infection is suspected, it can be difficult for clinicians to recommend an appropriate laboratory test. These tests are usually pathogen-specific and require a certain degree of suspicion for the precise etiology. A recently described assay, the universal parasite diagnostic (UPDx) can potentially provide a diagnosis of any parasite present in a specimen. Using primers that amplify DNA from all eukaryotes, UPDx differentiates several parasitic infections in blood by amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 18S rDNA locus. As the state’s public health reference laboratory, the Parasitology Laboratory at the Wadsworth Center (Albany, NY) receives specimens from patients who have potentially encountered a wide variety of parasites. As such, the ability to differentiate several blood parasites using a single assay is of interest. We assessed UPDx for its ability to confirm parasitic infections for 20 specimens that were previously identified by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). This included specimens positive for Babesia microti, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania tropica, various Plasmodium species, and specimens comprising mixed Plasmodium sp. infections. Results obtained using UPDx were largely concordant with the RT-PCR assays. A T. cruzi positive specimen was negative by UPDx and for two mixed Plasmodium sp. infections only one species was detected. The results obtained for other specimens were concordant. We conclude that UPDx shows promise for the detection of blood parasites in diagnostic laboratories. As NGS becomes cheaper, assays like UPDx will become increasingly amenable to use in clinical settings.
Ultrasound detected synovitis, tenosynovitis and erosions in hand and wrist joints: a comparative study between rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Ramadan Ahmed , Tharwat Samar , Abdelkhalek Ahmed , E Eltoraby Ehab 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionMusculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) has been introduced as a valuable simple imaging tool for arthritis. The objective was to assess the role of ultrasound (US) in the differential diagnosis between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) at the wrist and hand joints and tendons.Material and methodsThirty-five patients (20 RA and 15 PsA) with symptomatic involvement of at least one of the hand and/or wrist joints for > 6 weeks were included. Bilateral wrists (distal radioulnar, radiocarpal and midcarpal joints), hands (1st–5th metacarpophalangeal [MCP], 2nd–5th proximal interphalangeal [PIP] and 1st–5th distal interphalangeal [DIP] joints), flexor tendons and extensor compartments at the level of the wrist joint were examined sonographically. Synovial hypertrophy, joint effusion, erosions and tenosynovitis were diagnosed according to Outcome Measures in Rheumatology definitions. The findings were correlated with clinical, laboratory and disease activity indices.ResultsAmong 680 and 510 joints examined in RA and PsA respectively, certain US features such as synovitis and erosions at the DIP were exclusively detected in PsA (p < 0.001). Synovitis was frequently detected at the distal radioulnar joints (DRUJ) in RA in comparison to PsA patients (52.5% vs. 26.7% respectively, p = 0.029). Joint effusion was more frequently detected at radiocarpal and midcarpal joints in RA compared to PsA (p = 0.047, 0.039 respectively), whereas erosions were significantly more frequently detected at radiocarpal joints in RA <i><i>versus</i></i> PsA patients (45% vs. 20% respectively, p = 0.029). Tenosynovitis was significantly more frequently detected at the extensor tendons in RA and at the flexor tendons in PsA patients (p = 0.021, 0.022 respectively).ConclusionsThere are significant differences in the musculoskeletal US findings of the hand and wrist that joints help to distinguish between RA and PsA.
Feasibility and usefulness of a fast-track clinic for patients suspected of polymyalgia rheumatica: notes for a work schedule through a narrative review of published literature
Authors: Hysa Elvis , Ghorbannia Ali , Emamifar Amir , Milchert Marcin , Manzo Ciro 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionFast-track clinics (FTC) have been introduced in different fields and have been reporting significant outcomes in terms of reducing mortality, morbidity, and financial costs. To date, scarce evidence is available for FTC specific for patients suspected of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). The primary aim of our paper is to provide an overview of the clinical impact of PMR on patients and the healthcare system by analysing multiple aspects: the median time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis and the burden of the disease both on the healthcare system costs and on patients’ quality of life (QoL). Secondarily, based on these data, we aim to discuss the potential advantages and feasibility of a PMR FTC in everyday clinical practice.Material and methodsWe performed a narrative non-systematic review (PRISMA protocol not followed) of PubMed and Medline (OVID interface) with the following MeSH terms: [polymyalgia rheumatica AND diagnosis OR diagnosis, delayed OR patient care OR early diagnosis OR length of stay OR costs OR healthcare system OR quality of life] or [polymyalgia rheumatica AND glucocorticoids AND side effects]. We decided to exclude every paper that did not report raw data in terms of diagnostic time or delay, hospitalization rate, socio-economic costs on the healthcare system, patients’ QoL, and glucocorticoids-related events in PMR patients. Papers focused primarily on giant cell arteritis patients with overlapping PMR were also excluded. Abstract archives of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) congresses of the last 10 years were screened and included in the search if raw data were available. Each paper’s reference list was scanned for additional publications meeting this study’s aims. When papers reported data partially presented in previous articles, we opted to use the most recently published data.ResultsAccording to our literature review, a PMR FTC might lighten the burden of the disease. Nevertheless, its feasibility depends mostly on the resources of the national health system and of the territorial health district, which are heterogeneously limited. The usefulness of PMR FTCs depends on closer collaboration with the general practitioner because he/she is the first clinician to visit patients with PMR.ConclusionsPolymyalgia rheumatica fast-track clinics might lighten the burden of the disease. However, it has some limits that should carefully assessed in planning health policies.
Injectable therapies for knee osteoarthritis
Authors: B. Ding Jack , Hu Kevin 
Published: November 2021

Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative arthritis that mainly affects older adults. Over time, osteoarthritis can result in significant and sustained discomfort, pain, and disability. Current treatment focuses on the alleviation of pain and functional impairment. While arthroplasty is the definitive management option, it subjects patients to surgical complications, and the possibility of surgical revisions. In addition, many patients are not surgical candidates. Instead, pharmacological therapy is recommended first-line for most patients. On top of pharmacological therapy, there are a range of non-operative procedural options available. However, leading professional guidelines vary in their recommendations for these agents. <br />
Therefore, we present a review of recent randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses on injectable corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid (HA), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), mesenchymal stem cell injections, and ozone therapy. The preliminary data reveal the strongest evidence in favour of corticosteroid injections, although there are promising findings regarding the long-term efficacy of HA and PRP.
Distribution of coastal high water level during extreme events around the UK and Irish coasts
Authors: Rulent Julia , Bricheno Lucy M. , Green J. A. Mattias , Haigh Ivan D. , Lewis Huw 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The interaction between waves, surges, and astronomical tides can lead to high coastal total water level (TWL), which can in turn trigger coastal flooding. Here, a high-resolution (1.5 km) simulation from a UK-focused regional coupled environmental prediction system is used to investigate the extreme events of winter 2013/4 around the UK and Irish coasts. The aim is to analyse the spatial distribution of coastal TWL and its components during this period by assessing (1) the relative contribution of different TWL components around the coast; (2) how extreme waves, surges, and tide interacted and if they occurred simultaneously; and (3) if this has implications in defining the severity of coastal hazard conditions. The TWL components' coastal distribution in winter 2013/4 was not constant in space, impacting differently over different regions. High (>90th percentile) waves and high surges occurred simultaneously at any tidal stage, including high tide (7.7 % of cases), but more often over the flood tide. During periods of high flood risk, a hazard proxy, defined as the sum of the sea surface height and half the significant wave height, at least doubled from average over three-quarters of the coast. These results have important implications for the risk management sector.
Background stratification impacts on internal tide generation and abyssal propagation in the western equatorial Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Barbot Simon , Lyard Florent , Tchilibou Michel , Carrere Loren 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The forthcoming SWOT altimetric missions aim to resolve the mesoscale with an unprecedented spatial resolution and swath. However, high-frequency processes, such as tides, are undersampled in time and aliased onto lower frequencies, so they need to be corrected properly. Unlike barotropic tides, internal tides (ITs) are not completely stationary and have significant temporal variability due to their interactions with the ocean circulation and the stratification variability. Stratification changes impact both the generation and the propagation of ITs. The present study proposes a methodology to quantify the impacts of background stratification using a clustering method for the classification of a broad range of stratification and idealized modeling of ITs in the frequency domain. The methodology is successfully tested in the western equatorial Atlantic and in the Bay of Biscay. For the western equatorial Atlantic, a single pycnocline is observed and only the two first vertical modes of ITs have significant amplitudes. With no variation in the stratification intensity, the variation in the depth of this single pycnocline linearly impacts the elevation amplitude, energy fluxes and surface wavelength of the two modes. In the Bay of Biscay, there is a permanent deep pycnocline and secondary seasonal pycnoclines near the surface. No proxy have been found to describe the changes in ITs, so a seasonal climatology is explored. The seasonality of the stratification strongly affects the elevation amplitudes as well as the energy fluxes of modes 1, 2 and 3. The distribution of the modes vary with the background stratification, changing the horizontal scales of the ITs.
Brief communication: A ~50 Mm3 ice-rock avalanche on 22 March 2021 in the Sedongpu valley, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhao Chuanxi , Yang Wei , Westoby Matthew , An Baosheng , Wu Guangjian , Wang Weicai , Wang Zhongyan , Wang Yongjie , Dunning Stuart 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. On 22 March 2021, a ~50 M m3 ice-rock avalanche occurred from 6500 m asl in the Sedongpu basin, southeastern Tibet. The avalanche transformed into a highly mobile flow which temporarily blocked the Yarlung Tsangpo river. The avalanche flow lasted ~5 minutes and produced substantial geomorphological reworking. This event, and previous ones from the basin, occurred concurrently with, or shortly after recorded positive air temperature anomalies. The occurrence of future large mass flows from the basin cannot be ruled out, and their impacts must be carefully considered given implications for sustainable hydropower and associated socioeconomic development in the region.
Nuevos registros de flora briofitica para la provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina) en el valle aluvial del río Paraná medio
Authors: Alvarez Denise Jacqueline , Villalba Andrea Beatriz 
Published: November 2021

Las Briófitas conforman el segundo grupo de plantas terrestres más abundantes en la Tierra y se encuentran colonizando un amplio rango de ambientes. En la provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina), el conocimiento de su riqueza es escaso, con sólo tres especies registradas hasta 2019. El objetivo fue identificar la flora briofítica de la Reserva Costanera Este o Reserva de la Ciudad Universitaria (RECU, Santa Fe ciudad), cuya flora vascular, combinación del Dominio Amazónico y Chaqueño, es representativa del valle de inundación del río Paraná en su tramo medio. Las colectas fueron realizadas de forma mensual, entre octubre de 2017 y junio de 2018. Se tomaron muestras de briófitas epífitas sobre especies leñosas nativas, sin dañar la estructura interna ni aquella que se adhiere al sustrato de los especímenes. Se identificaron 14 especies correspondientes a 12 géneros y 9 familias. Todas las especies que se describen en este trabajo son nuevos registros para la provincia de Santa Fe. Las mismas se encontraron exclusivamente en corteza de Vachellia caven (Molina) Seigler & Ebinger (aromito) y Erythrina crista-galli L. (ceibo).
Urgensi Penerapan Konsep Kepemimpinan Islam Dalam Lembaga Pendidikan Usia Dini
Authors: Nasucha Muhammad Raihan 
Published: November 2021

Pemimpin merupakan kunci kesuksesaan pada sebuah lembaga maupun organisasi. Pemimpin yang menerapkan konsep kepemimpinan yang benar akan memberikan dampak luar biasa terhadap lembaga yang dinaunginya. Selain itu, tidak cukup apabila konsep kepemimpinan yang sejati tanpa mengikutkan aspek spiritual sebagai pengontrol dari hal-hal buruk yang akan menghampiri. Konsep kepemimpinan Islam merupakan konsep kepemimpinan yang sangat kompleks untuk diterapkan oleh seluruh civitas akademisi yang terlibat dalam lembaga pendidikan terkhusus pada usia dini. Anak didik akan mendapatkan berbagai dampak positif dari para kalangan akademisi yang terlibat pada proses berlangsungnya pendidikan usia dini. Anak merupakan sebuah subjek pendidikan yang mudah terpengaruh oleh lingkungan yang ada disekitar mereka. Apabila lingkungan yang ditinggalinya baik, tentu damapk baik akan menyertainya. Itulah paparan yang menjadi tujuan utama penulisan ini. Artikel ini dibuat dengan menggunakan teknik library research yang menghimpun berbagai jurnal yang relevan dengan bahasan kami lalu dinarasikan kembali dengan bahasa berbeda. Serta, kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari artikel ini bahwasanya kepemimpinan Islam memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam membangun peserta didik, baik dalam aspek pengetahuan (intelektualitas) dan sikap yang ditunjukan pada lingkungan sekitarnya.
Understanding differences in tropical cyclone activity over the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal
Authors: LIU IRIS C. , CAMARGO SUZANA J. , SOBEL ADAM H. 
Published: November 2021

Within the North Indian Ocean basin, tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is substantially greater than over the Arabian Sea (AS). The authors attempt to quantify the roles of specific environmental factors in order to understand the reasons for this difference between the two basins. Environmental variables are considered in the basin as a whole and in the immediate times and places at which cyclogenesis and storm intensification occur.The results for the two sub-basins are compared to determine which environmental variablessignificantly between the sub-basins. A tropical cyclone genesis index (TCGI) is also examined to determine whether the AS- differedBased on that partial success, climatologies of the individual factors that comprise the index are examined to determine which ones are most important in the difference
PENYULUHAN PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN OBAT KELUARGA DAN PENANAMAN TANAMAN OBAT KELUARGA DI PERUMAHAN BERINGIN RINDANG KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN BARAT
Authors: Jaluri Poppy Dwi Citra , Wibawa Mustika Antik , Chabib Rahman Nur 
Published: November 2021

Kegiatan menanami pekarangan dengan tananam obat dikenal dengan nama toga. Program yang dahulu dinamai apoetik hidup ini tengah digunakan oleh pemerintah indonesia. Istilah toga lebih mengacu kepada penataan pekarangan. Jadi tidak berarti tanaman yang hanya tanaman hias yang berkhasiat obat. Tanaman obat yang tergolong rempah-rempah atau bumbu dapur, tananam pagar, tanaman buah, tanaman sayur, atau bahkan tananam liar pun dapat ditata di pekarangan sebagai toga. Selain sebagai bahan obat bagi anggota keluarga yang sakit, tanaman tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan untuk aneka keperluan sesuai dengan kegunaan lainnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu diawali dengan pretest, kemudian penyuluhan materi dan terakhir postest. Dari pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa penyuluhan ini dapat dilihat bahwa sebagian besar peserta penyuluhan yaitu 28 orang dari 35 orang (80%) belum pernah mendapatkan penyuluhan mengenai TOGA, semua peserta penyuluhan 35 orang (100%) belum mengetahui sembilan tanaman obat yang sudah mengalami uji klinik, hanya sebagian kecil dari peserta yaitu 7 orang dari 35 orang (20%) yang sudah menanam TOGA di rumah atau lingkungannya, dan hanya sebagian kecil dari peserta yaitu 7 orang dari 35 orang (20%) yang sudah pernah memanfaatkan TOGA. Kata kunci : toga, lingkungan, masyarakat
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SEDIAAN MIKROEMULSI EKSTRAK DAUN KARAMUNTING (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa [Aiton] Hassk) DAN MIKROEMULSI EKSTRAK BIJI PINANG (Arace Catechu Linnaeus) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH PUASA PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN
Authors: Monica Brillyanti , Kurnia Amilia 
Published: November 2021

Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa [Aiton] Hassk) merupakan tumbuhan khas Kalimantan yang secara empiris digunakan masyarakat sebagai tumbuhan obat penyakit diabetes melitus. Senyawa dalam daun karamunting yang dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah adalah alkaloid, flavonoid dan tanin. Tumbuhan obat yang juga sering di manfaatkan oleh masyarakat Kalimantan adalah tumbuhan pinang yang sudah digunakan secara turun temurun (Sada dan Rosye, 2010).Biji pinang memiliki khasiat sebagai tanaman antidiabetik yang dapat menurunkan hiperglikemia. Biji Pinang mengandung senyawa alkaloid arekolin yang memiliki aktivitas antihiperglikemik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian mikroemulsi ekstrak daun karamunting 244mg/200gr dan mikroemulsi ekstrak biji pinang untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi aloksan.Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental murni dengan menggunakan 24 ekor hewan uji yang diinduksi aloksan 20mg/ 200mg secara intraperitoneal. Hewan uji tikus dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok kontrol positif mikroemulsi glibenklamid, kelompok kontrol negatif mikroemulsi plasebo serta kelompok perlakuan mikroemulsi ekstrak daun karamunting. Pengukuran kadar Gula Darah Puasa (GDP) dilakukan pada hari ke-0, hari ke-3 (GDP setelah induksi aloksan) dan GDP hari ke-10 (GDP setelah perlakuan). Persen penurunan kadar GDP dianalisis secara statistika dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil uji statistika menyatakan ada perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok kontrol positif dengan kelompok kontrol negatif dengan nilai sig. 0,00. Perbedaan signifikansi juga terjadi pada kelompok kontrol negatif dengan kelompok perlakuan mikroemulsi ekstrak daun karamunting dengan nilai sig. 0,00. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol positif dan kelompok mikroemulsi ekstrak daun karamunting tidak ada perbedaan signifikan dengan nilai sig. 0,24, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa mikroemulsi ekstrak daun karamunting dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah yang sebanding dengan kontrol positif mikroemulsi glibenklamid. Kata kunci : Mikroemulsi, Karamunting, Biji Pinang, Aloksan, Diabetes Melitus.