bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Anti Gout Potential of Aqueous Seed Extract of Punica granatum - An in vitro Study
Authors: Jayavarsha V. , Gayathri R. , Priya V. Vishnu , Selvaraj J. , Kavitha S. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Punica granatum belongs to the family punicaceae. Pomegranate has a reservoir of secondary metabolites which possess free radical scavenging activity. Pomegranate has high antioxidants content, which helps in the delayed progress of atherosclerosis, cancer and ageing. Gout is a chronic metabolic disease. It is caused due to increased deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints. It is caused due to increased intake of purine rich food. Xanthine oxidase converts hypoxanthine to uric acid. Xanthine oxidase (XO) plays an important role in the regulation of production of uric acid. Many research has been done in the extract to analyse the pharmacological characteristics and its beneficial uses. Pomegranate is widely consumed and used as preventive and therapeutic agents.
Aim: The aim of this study is to analyse phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and anti gout activity of aqueous seed extract of Punica granatum.
Methods: Aqueous seed extract of Punica granatum was prepared and analysed for its phytochemical, antioxidant and anti gout potential by using statistical methods.
Results: Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids were present in aqueous extract of Punica granatum. IC50 of antioxidant activity of aqueous seed extract of Punica granatum was found to be 280µg/ml. The extract also exhibited anti gout potential with an IC50 = 310 µg/ml. P value is < 0.05 so, it is significant.
Conclusion: Aqueous seed extract of punica granatum can be used to treat gout and to combat various other disorders and also have antioxidant and phytochemical activity. It will be an alternative for synthetic drugs. Herbal extracts are more preferred for its accessibility, cost effectiveness and less side effects. The combined effects of antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitors will be helpful in hyperuricemia treatment.
Organ Donation’- Awareness, Perspective and Practices among Adults – A Cross Sectional Study in Rural Tamil Nadu
Authors: Kumar S. S. Lokesh , Raja D. , Sharath U. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Organ transplantation is the most opted treatment for the most of the end stage organ diseases since it increases the quality of life and long-term survival benefits. The rate of organ donation is less in India. This leads to organ deficit which is the major obstacle in transplantation. The main reason behind this less rate of organ donation is lack of knowledge and awareness.
Methodology: A Cross sectional descriptive study done among 203 study participants residing in rural field practicing area of a tertiary care centre by using two stage random sampling method.
Results: 47.3% of the participants were in the age group of 31-60 years. Most of them were female and married. 78.7% of the participants were completed at least primary education and 28.3% of the participants were belong socio economic class V according to modified BG prasad’s scale 2019. 84.2% of the study participants were aware about the organ donation and Television acted as a main source of information about organ donation. Majority of the participants doesn’t know about the organ donation card and the place of enrolment for organ donation.
Conclusion: Measures to be taken to create awareness about the need of organ donation. Campaign should be conducted for the enrolment for organ donation.
Formulation & Evaluation of Effervescent Tablet of Verapamil Hydrochloride
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Shrivastava Sushant Kumar 
Published: December 2021

The chief aim of the present investigation is to study the Formulation & Evaluation of Effervescent Tablet of Verapamil Hydrochloride. The floating tablets of verapamil hydrochloride were prepared by direct compression technique. For each tablet formulation, drug, HPMC-K15M, karaya gum, sodium bicarbonate, and diluents were blended homogeneously for 10 min followed by addition of magnesium stearate. The total weight of each tablet was 300 mg. The amount of karaya gum used was in the range of 40–90 mg, whereas HPMC was used in the range of 20-40 mg. The powder mixture was further mixed for 5 min in a mortar. The resultant mixture was compressed into tablets using a Rimek rotary tablet machine. After preparation, the formulations were evaluated by various parameters. The friability of the tablet formulation varied between 0.3 ± 0.0063 to 0.59 ± 0.0076%. The weight variation of prepared tablet formulation complies with USP limits. The thickness was found to be in the range of 4.1 ± 0.48 to 4.2 ± 0.76 mm. The assay for drug content varied between 96.53 ± 0.36 to 102.03 ± 0.52%. The B1, B5, B6, B9, and B10 exhibited more than 75% drug release at 12 h. The B1 exhibited a maximum of 30 % drug release in the 1st hour and constant release for almost up to 12 h. B8 showed the least drug release among all other formulations; this may be due to the formation of a thick gel barrier on the tablet. Tablets were prepared by direct compression. Technological characteristics of floating tablets were within the Pharmacopoeial limit. Tablets floated for more than 8 h. Complete swelling was achieved by the end of 8 h, so percent swelling was determined at the end of 8 h for all the developed formulations.
Semen and Spermatozoa Characteristics in Alcohol Users and Non-Users
Authors: Lella Tanuja , Ruckmani A. , Pandiyan Pandiyan N. , Arunkumar R. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Increasing infertility rate worldwide raises research to investigate plausible reason health community. To find out the characteristics of semen and spermatozoa in alcohol users and compare these characteristics with that of non-users of alcohol.
Methodology: The data on alcohol use and semen analysis were obtained from case records of patients reported to the Department of Andrology & Reproductive Medicine of a tertiary care hospital for a period of one year from January 2018 to December 2018. The semen volume, sperm concentration, motility and morphology in alcohol users were compared with non-users.
Results: A total of 231 patients had reported to the Department of Andrology & Reproductive Medicine during the study period. Among them 81 (35.06%) were alcohol users and 150 (64.94%) alcohol non-users. Analysis of their semen reports revealed that the difference in semen volume and sperm morphology was not found to be statistically significant, but the sperm concentration and progressive motility of spermatozoa showed significant reduction in alcohol users compared to non – users (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The semen volume and sperm quality were found to be low in alcohol users. Among the spermatozoa characteristics, sperm concentration and motility were significantly reduced in alcohol users.
Assess the Quality of Life amongst Antenatal Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Selected Districts, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Priya D. Joanie , Agusta A. , Jasmine M. , Rakesh M. , Nirmala Praveen 
Published: December 2021

Background: Gestational diabetes Mellitus is defined as the diabetes diagnosed within the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Gestational Diabete Mellitus is one of the most frequent metabolic diseases during pregnancy. It approximately affects 7% (range:2-18%) of all pregnancies. This clinical condition potentially affects not only negative medical outcomes but also the mental state status with additional adverse consequences on psychological well-being and Quality of Life.
Objectives: Were to assess the quality of life amongest antenatal mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and to associate the quality of life amongest antenatal mothers with the selected demographic variable.
Methods: The descriptive research design was used in this study. The convenient Sample (N=30) was used to assess the Quality of Life Scale among antenatal mothers with the Gestational Mothers. The data regarding demographic variables like Age, Income, Occupation, Education and Obstetric Variables like past obstetrical complications, Gravid, Week of Gestation. The result showed that 30 Antenatal Mothers with Gestational Diabetes was participated in this study and they were assessed by Modified Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL – BREF) which includes physical, psychological and social relationships domains are rated on 5points Likert Scale to determine Score.
Conclusion: The result shows that the level of Quality of Life Scale of Antenatal Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (N=30) 12 of them have Moderate Quality of Life, 11 of them have Adequate Quality of Life and 07 of them have Inadequate Quality of Life. And there is Significant Association of demographic variables of age, except age other demographic and Obstetrical variables are Not Significant and (X2 – 56.16, P = >0.05).
Scrotal Ulcer is a Rare Presentationof TB Epididymis in Young Male
Authors: Rao Rekadi Srinivasa , Kumar Senthil , Anantharamakrishnan R. , Varadaraju P. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Scrotal tuberculosis (TB) is rare and may present as painful scrotal swelling with ulceration and discharging sinus.
Case Report: A 28 years male with 2 months history of swelling and pain over left scrotum. Developed ulcer over the scrotal region with multiple sinus associated with pus discharge.
Conclusion: The clinical presentation of TB scrotal ulcer can be atypical and a high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis. Diagnosis is by using ultrasonography, microbiology, and biopsy. Treatment requires prolonged ATT for 6 months.
Super‐Multiplex Nonlinear Optical Imaging Unscrambles the Statistical Complexity of Cancer Subtypes and Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Li Yanping , Shen Binglin , Zou Gengjin , Hu Rui , Pan Ying , Qu Junle , Liu Liwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLabel‐free nonlinear optical imaging (NLOI) has made tremendous inroads toward unscrambling the microcosmic complexity of cancers. However, harmonic and Raman microscopy offers throughput without redox information to reveal metabolic differentiation, and fluorescence lifetime microscopy lacks the vibrational response of molecules to visualize specific molecular constituents such as lipid. Here, a flexible, robust simultaneous multi‐nonlinear imaging and cross‐modality system that combines complementary imaging contrast mechanisms is demonstrated. This system, utilizing multiplexed ultrashort pulses, ingeniously integrates typical nonlinear processes, and high‐dimension lifetime extension in a single setup to enhance the imaging dimensions and quality. Using this system, the authors perform label‐free comprehensive evaluation of clinicopathological tissues of ovarian carcinoma due to its statistical complexity. The results show that the technology provides statistically rich, insightful information with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, in contrast to standard histopathology, and can potentially be a powerful tool for fundamental cancer research and clinical applications.
Whole genome sequencing–based copy number variations reveal novel pathways and targets in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ming Chen , Wang Minghui , Wang Qian , Neff Ryan , Wang Erming , Shen Qi , Reddy Joseph S. , Wang Xue , Allen Mariet , Ertekin‐Taner Nilüfer , De Jager Philip L. , Bennett David A. , Haroutunian Vahram , Schadt Eric , Zhang Bin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionA few copy number variations (CNVs) have been reported for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is a lack of a systematic investigation of CNVs in AD based on whole genome sequencing (WGS) data.MethodsWe used four methods to identify consensus CNVs from the WGS data of 1,411 individuals and further investigated their functional roles in AD using the matched transcriptomic and clinicopathological data.ResultsWe identified 3,012 rare AD‐specific CNVs whose residing genes are enriched for cellular glucuronidation and neuron projection pathways. Genes whose mRNA expressions are significantly correlated with common CNVs are involved in major histocompatibility complex class II receptor activity. Integration of CNVs, gene expression, and clinical and pathological traits further pinpoints a key CNV that potentially regulates immune response in AD.DiscussionWe identify CNVs as potential genetic regulators of immune response in AD. The identified CNVs and their downstream gene networks reveal novel pathways and targets for AD.
Intensive Serum Urate Lowering With Oral Urate‐Lowering Therapy for Erosive Gout: A Randomized Double‐Blind Controlled Trial
Authors: Dalbeth Nicola , Doyle Anthony J. , Billington Karen , Gamble Greg D. , Tan Paul , Latto Kieran , Parshu Ram Thrishila , Narang Ravi , Murdoch Rachel , Bursill David , Mihov Borislav , Stamp Lisa K. , Horne Anne 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo determine whether a therapeutic approach of intensive serum urate lowering results in improved bone erosion scores in patients with erosive gout.MethodsWe undertook a 2‐year, double‐blind randomized controlled trial of 104 participants with erosive gout who were receiving serum urate–lowering therapy orally and who had serum urate levels of ≥0.30 mmoles/liter at baseline. Participants were randomly assigned to either an intensive serum urate target of <0.20 mmoles/liter or a standard target of <0.30 mmoles/liter (considered the standard according to rheumatology guidelines). Oral serum urate–lowering therapy was titrated to target using a standardized protocol (with the maximum approved doses of allopurinol, probenecid, febuxostat, and benzbromarone). The primary end point was the total computed tomography (CT) bone erosion score. Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) gout core outcome domains were secondary end points.ResultsAlthough the serum urate levels were significantly lower in the intensive target group compared to the standard target group over the study period (P = 0.002), fewer participants in the intensive target group achieved the randomized serum urate target level by year 2 (62% versus 83% of patients in the standard target group; P < 0.05). The intensive target group required higher doses of allopurinol (mean ± SD 746 ± 210 mg/day versus 497 ± 186 mg/day; P < 0.001) and received more combination therapy (P = 0.0004) compared to the standard target group. We observed small increases in CT bone erosion scores in both serum urate target groups over 2 years, with no between‐group difference (P = 0.20). OMERACT core outcome domains (gout flares, tophi, pain, patient's global assessment of disease activity, health‐related quality of life, and activity limitation) improved in both groups over 2 years, with no between‐group differences. Adverse event and serious adverse event rates were similar between the groups.ConclusionCompared to a serum urate target of <0.30 mmoles/liter, more intensive serum urate lowering is difficult to achieve with an oral urate‐lowering therapy. Intensive serum urate lowering leads to a high medication burden and does not improve bone erosion scores in patients with erosive gout.
Peculiarities of optical emission spectroscopy of Copper–Chromium‐air plasma
Authors: Murmantsev Aleksandr , Veklich Anatoly , Kleshych Michael , Fesenko Sergiy , Boretskij Viacheslav 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work is devoted to the peculiarities of optical emission spectroscopy of plasma of electric arc discharge between Cu and Cr composite electrodes manufactured of two different compositions (Cr50% and Cr35% of volume) by impact sintering or pressing sintering technologies at various temperatures, namely: 650, 750, 850, 950, 1,050, and 1,150°C. The investigations are carried out at an arc current of 3.5 A. The comparison of radial distributions of plasma temperatures, which were determined by the Boltzmann plot technique both on the basis of Cu I and Cr I spectral lines, are performed and discussed.
Production of phenylpropanoids and flavonolignans from glycerol by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Park Seon Young , Yang Dongsoo , Ha Shin Hee , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhenylpropanoids are a group of plant natural products with medicinal importance derived from aromatic amino acids. Here, we report the production of two representative phenylpropanoids—coniferyl alcohol (CA) and dihydroquercetin (DHQ)—from glycerol by engineered Escherichia coli. First, an E. coli strain capable of producing 187.7 mg/L of CA from glycerol was constructed by the introduction of hpaBC from E. coli and OMT1, 4CL4, and CCR1 from Arabidopsis thaliana to the p‐coumaric acid producer. Next, an E. coli strain capable of producing 239.4 mg/L of DHQ from glycerol was constructed by the introduction of F3H, TT7, and CPR from A. thaliana to the naringenin producer, followed by engineering the signal peptide of a cytochrome P450 TT7. Furthermore, to demonstrate the production of flavonolignans, a group of heterodimeric phenylpropanoids, from glycerol, ascorbate peroxidase 1 from Silybum marianum was employed and engineered to produce 0.04 μg/L of silybin and 1.29 μg/L of isosilybin from glycerol by stepwise culture. Finally, a single strain harboring all the 16 necessary genes was constructed, resulting in 0.12 μg/L of isosilybin production directly from glycerol. The strategies described here will be useful for the production of pharmaceutically important yet complex natural products.
Substrate Profiling of Anion Methyltransferases for Promiscuous Synthesis of S‐Adenosylmethionine Analogs from Haloalkanes
Authors: Schülke Kai H. , Ospina Felipe , Hörnschemeyer Kathrin , Gergel Sebastian , Hammer Stephan C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiocatalytic alkylation reactions can be performed with high chemo‐, regio‐ and stereoselectivity using S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM)‐dependent methyltransferases (MTs) and SAM analogs. Currently, however, this methodology is limited in application due to the rather laborious protocols to access SAM analogs. It has recently been shown that halide methyltransferases (HMTs) enable synthesis and recycling of SAM analogs with readily available haloalkanes as starting material. Here we expand this work by using substrate profiling of the anion MT enzyme family to explore promiscuous SAM analog synthesis. Our study shows that anion MTs are in general very promiscuous with respect to the alkyl chain as well as the halide leaving group. Substrate profiling further suggests that promiscuous anion MTs cluster in sequence space. Next to iodoalkanes, cheaper, less toxic, and more available bromoalkanes have been converted and several haloalkanes bearing short alkyl groups, alkyl rings, and functional groups such as alkene, alkyne and aromatic moieties are accepted as substrates. Further, we applied the SAM analogs as electrophiles in enzyme‐catalyzed regioselective pyrazole allylation with 3‐bromopropene as starting material.
Gout gone awry: The importance of proper diagnosis
Authors: Tessema Sophia , Mahgoub Abdullahi E. , Nakhleh Rasha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGout is the best‐known type of arthritis with a prevalence of 1%–3% in the western world (Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease, 6, 2014 and 131; Journal of Advanced Research, 8, 2017 and 495). Although it is well understood, there is growing evidence of the misdiagnosis of gout from other forms of arthritis. These errors lead to delay in accurate diagnosis (Journal of Advanced Research, 8, 2017 and 495).
Nitroxide‐Catalyzed Oxidative Amidation of Aldehydes to Yield N‐Acyl Azoles Using Sodium Persulfate
Authors: Politano Fabrizio , León Sandoval Arturo , Witko Mason L. , Doherty Katrina E. , Schroeder Chelsea M. , Leadbeater Nicholas E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA methodology for the oxidative amidation of aldehydes to yield N‐acyl azoles is reported. The approach employs sodium persulfate and a catalytic amount of a nitroxide and is applicable to a range of structurally diverse substrates.
Triflic Imide‐Catalyzed Glycosylation of Disarmed Glycosyl ortho‐Isopropenylphenylacetates and ortho‐Isopropenylbenzyl Thioglycosides
Authors: Qiao Zhi , Wang Peng , Ni Jingxuan , Li Dongwei , Sun Yao , Li Tiantian , Li Ming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlycosylation reaction involving the coupling of a glycosyl donor with a glycosyl acceptor is one of the cornerstones of chemical preparation of pure glycans and glycoconjugates of biological relevance. Catalytic glycosylation of glycosyl ester donors and thioglycosides is an attractive but underexplored topic in carbohydrate chemistry. Herein, triflic imide (Tf2NH)‐catalyzed glycosylation of various O‐, S‐, and C‐nucleophiles has been achieved using disarmed glycosyl ortho‐isopropenylphenylacetates (GIPPAs) and ortho‐isopropenylbenzyl thioglycosides as glycosylating agents. The reactions proceed under mild conditions to give the desired glycosides in good‐to‐excellent yields. Of particular note, the comparable reactivity for the α‐isomers and the β‐ones of GIPPAs is observed. The mechanistic investigation demonstrates that the isopropenyl group is essential for the reaction and its preferential protonation triggers the reaction. This work provides another member to the arsenals of glycosyl ester and thioglycoside donors suitable for acid‐catalyzed glycosylation to create various glycosidic bonds.
Vacuum compatible flow‐cell for high‐quality in situ and operando soft X‐ray photon‐in–photon‐out spectroelectrochemical studies of energy materials
Authors: Tesch Marc F. , Bonke Shannon A. , Golnak Ronny , Xiao Jie , Simonov Alexandr N. , Schlögl Robert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSoft X‐ray spectroscopy is a powerful method to investigate materials on an element selective level with respect to their atomic and electronic structure. However, its application is technically challenging for in situ or operando investigations of materials for electrochemical applications. Herein, we present a spectroelectrochemical flow‐cell designed to enable state‐of‐the‐art electrochemical characterization while being installed in a vacuum chamber for the direct accessibility of the electroactive sample to soft X‐rays. An overview of the application of soft X‐ray photon‐in–photon‐out spectroscopic studies to electromaterials is provided, along with discussions of experimental and technical considerations specific to this highly sensitive mode of analysis. Application of the cell for the in situ spectroelectrochemical characterization of an electrodeposited nickel oxide water electrooxidation catalyst is demonstrated.
An automated prior robustness analysis in Bayesian model comparison
Authors: Chan Joshua C. C. , Jacobi Liana , Zhu Dan 
Published: December 2021

SummaryIt is well‐known that the marginal likelihood, the gold standard for Bayesian model comparison, can be sensitive to prior hyperparameter choices. However, most models require computationally intense simulation‐based methods to evaluate the typically high‐dimensional integral of the marginal likelihood expression. Hence, despite the recognition that prior sensitivity analysis is important in this context, it is rarely done in practice. We develop efficient and feasible methods to compute the sensitivities of the marginal likelihood, obtained via two common simulation‐based methods, with respect to any prior hyperparameter, alongside the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation algorithm. Our approach builds on automatic differentiation (AD), which has only recently been introduced to the more computationally intensive MCMC simulation setting. We illustrate our approach with two empirical applications in the context of widely used multivariate time series models.