bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An optimal design approach on energy storage elements of DC/DC converters via matching principles
Authors: Liu Guangyu , Chen Xiaohui , Wang Jiajun , Lv Qiang , Zhu Ling 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDC/DC converters are ubiquitous in renewable energies such as photovoltaic power systems. A novel and general approach is proposed that consists of three matching principles, which enables one to assign a best set of energy storage elements to a DC/DC converter to meet both desirable transients and small ripples, facilitating the design of a controlled DC/DC system. First, the principle of specification matching introduces a ‘virtual’ lower order model to meet the prescribed specifications. Second, the rule of order matching augments the ‘virtual’ model to a higher order, the same as that of the actual DC/DC circuit if necessary. Third, the principle of parameter matching helps derive desirable element parameters through solving an optimization nonlinear function with constraints. These principles are realized through a specific design method for boost DC/DC converters of a photovoltaic power system. Given some specifications, a numerical optimal design is executed to verify the effectiveness of the specific design tool as well as the proposed theory. A photovoltaic power system with the designed boost DC/DC converter is implemented in both the simulated environment and the physical environment.The experimental results show that both transient responses and steady state responses (or ripples) meet the given specifications. The proposed theory can either work alone in simple designs or assist in advanced control designs for a better performance.
Single‐station radar‐based UAV position estimation in complex urban environments
Authors: Bi Xiaoyan , Bai Di , Cui Yongqiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the complex electromagnetic environment of cities, detection and positioning of slow and small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have always been a very challenging research topic. Usually, multiple radar observation stations are required to detect and track targets. Moreover, each radar observation station requires strict synchronisation, and the system is complex and costly. In view of this, under the condition of known prior information of urban geography, this study proposes a method to locate UAVs in complex electromagnetic environments, which use multiple virtual mirror synchronous radars constructed by multipaths and created by the complex buildings in urban environments. First, the simulation model is constructed, and the corresponding simulation parameters are given. Then, the algorithm for solving the single‐station radar location is proposed, and the algorithm is verified by the simulation of a ray propagation model. Finally, the proposed algorithm is further verified based on the measured data captured by the radar system in Section 2. The results show that the proposed algorithm based on the single‐station radar is able to locate the UAV in both line‐of‐sight and non‐line‐of‐sight site, and its positioning accuracy is better than 1 m.
Restructuring of a Hospital Radiology Department: Subspecialization Between Man, Machine, and Multidisciplinary Board
Authors: Henkelmann Jeanette , Ehrengut Constantin , Denecke Timm 
Published: October 2021

Background Radiology, like almost no other discipline, is faced with a rapid increase in information and technology. This and the growing demands regarding referring medicine, quality requirements, and personnel efficiency increasingly require subspecialization in terms of content. There is already an established move towards radiological subspecialization in the Anglo-American region. In this review article, the content and possibilities of restructuring a hospital radiology department are presented in order to support acceptance in German-speaking countries.
Method Based on the current literature, the aspects of subspecialized radiology as well as its necessity, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed and the challenges to hospital management with respect to strategic implementation in the individual phases are presented based on the example of a university radiology department. The viewpoints also take into account the education regulations and integrate a modern learning concept.
Results and Conclusion Modern restructuring of hospital radiology departments is faced with increasing demands on a traditionally technically organized radiology department with regard to the complexity of referring medicine, subspecialization pressure (including in certified boards), and staff efficiency. The restructuring of a radiology department must be aligned with the clinical requirements and discussed in the overall concept of radiology including its environment.
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Citation Format
Accuracy and Reproducibility of a Software Prototype for Semi-Automated Computer-Aided Volumetry of the solid and subsolid Components of part-solid Pulmonary Nodules
Authors: Werner Sebastian , Gast Regina , Grimmer Rainer , Wimmer Andreas , Horger Marius 
Published: October 2021

Purpose To test the accuracy and reproducibility of a software prototype for semi-automated computer-aided volumetry (CAV) of part-solid pulmonary nodules (PSN) with separate segmentation of the solid part.
Materials and Methods 66 PSNs were retrospectively identified in 34 thin-slice unenhanced chest CTs of 19 patients. CAV was performed by two medical students. Manual volumetry (MV) was carried out by two radiology residents. The reference standard was determined by an experienced radiologist in consensus with one of the residents. Visual assessment of CAV accuracy was performed. Measurement variability between CAV/MV and the reference standard as a measure of accuracy, CAV inter- and intra-rater variability as well as CAV intrascan variability between two recontruction kernels was determined via the Bland-Altman method and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).
Results Subjectively assessed accuracy of CAV/MV was 77 %/79 %–80 % for the solid part and 67 %/73 %–76 % for the entire nodule. Measurement variability between CAV and the reference standard ranged from –151–117 % for the solid part and –106–54 % for the entire nodule. Interrater variability was –16–16 % for the solid part (ICC 0.998) and –102–65 % for the entire nodule (ICC 0.880). Intra-rater variability was –70–49 % for the solid part (ICC 0.992) and –111–31 % for the entire nodule (ICC 0.929). Intrascan variability between the smooth and the sharp reconstruction kernel was –45–39 % for the solid part and –21–46 % for the entire nodule.
Conclusion Although the software prototype delivered satisfactory results when segmentation is evaluated subjectively, quantitative statistical analysis revealed room for improvement especially regarding the segmentation accuracy of the solid part and the reproducibility of measurements of the nodule’s subsolid margins.
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Contribution of Concurrent Comorbidities to Sepsis-Related Mortality in Preterm Infants ≤32 Weeks of Gestation at an Academic Neonatal Intensive Care Network
Authors: Barnette Brian W. , Schumacher Benjamin T. , Armenta Richard F. , Wynn James L. , Richardson Andrew , Bradley John S. , Lazar Sarah , Lawrence Shelley M. 
Published: October 2021

Objective This study sought to identify concurrent major comorbidities in preterm infants ≤32 weeks of gestation that may have contributed to sepsis-related mortality following a diagnosis of bacteremia or blood culture-negative sepsis within the neonatal period (≤28 days of life).
Study Design This is a retrospective chart review of infants ≤32 weeks of gestation who were admitted to a single academic network of multiple neonatal intensive care units between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2015, to determine the primary cause(s) and timing of death in those diagnosed with bacteremia or blood culture-negative sepsis. Direct comparisons between early-onset sepsis (EOS; ≤72 hours) and late-onset sepsis (LOS; >72 hours) were made.
Results In our study cohort, of 939 total patients with ≤32 weeks of gestation, 182 infants were diagnosed with 198 episodes of sepsis and 7.7% (14/182) died. Mortality rates did not significantly differ between neonates with bacteremia or blood culture-negative sepsis (7/14 each group), and those diagnosed with EOS compared with LOS (6/14 vs. 8/14). Nearly 80% (11/14) of infants were transitioned to comfort care prior to their death secondary to a coinciding diagnosis of severe grade-3 or -4 intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and/or intestinal perforation.
Conclusion Preexisting comorbidities commonly associated with extreme preterm birth contributed to sepsis-related mortality in our patient cohort.
Key Points
Co-creation in citizen social science: the research forum as a methodological foundation for communication and participation
Authors: Thomas Stefan , Scheller David , Schröder Susan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses the emerging methodological debate about citizen social science from the perspective of participatory research methods. The paper introduces the research forum as a horizontal and safe communicative space moderated by academic researchers that enables co-researcher participation across all phases of co-creational research projects. It is argued that in co-creational citizen social science, such a communicative space requires conceptualisation in order for it to foster citizens’ engagement in the knowledge production that deals with their specific social lifeworlds. In the research forum, the potential that the social sciences bring to citizen science—methodological reflection and the theoretical interpretation and contextualisation of data—can flourish in a collaborative process. Based on the expertise in co-created research in multigenerational co-housing projects, the paper reflects on practical experiences with the research forum in terms of four central dimensions: (1) opening up spaces for social encounters; (2) establishing communicative practice; (3) initiating a process of social self-understanding; (4) engaging in (counter-)public discourses. Finally, the paper closes with a summary of potential and challenges that the research forum provides as a methodological foundation for co-creation in citizen social science projects.
Dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are protective for myopia
Authors: Pan Miaozhen , Zhao Fei , Xie Bintao , Wu Hao , Zhang Sen , Ye Cong , Guan Zhenqi , Kang Lin , Zhang Yuqing , Zhou Xuan , Lei Yi , Wang Qi , Wang Li , Yang Fan , Zhao Chenchen , Qu Jia , Zhou Xiangtian 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment. However, a safe and accessible approach for myopia control is currently unavailable. In the present study, we demonstrated that dietary supplements of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) attenuated myopia development in animal models. ω-3 PUFAs also ameliorated near-work–induced decreases in choroidal blood perfusion in young adults. Hence, when safety and effectiveness have been confirmed in future clinical studies, ω-3 PUFAs should be attractive candidates for myopia control in humans.
Orbitofrontal cortex and dorsal striatum functional connectivity predicts incubation of opioid craving after voluntary abstinence
Authors: Fredriksson Ida , Tsai Pei-Jung , Shekara Aniruddha , Duan Ying , Applebey Sarah V. , Lu Hanbing , Bossert Jennifer M. , Shaham Yavin , Yang Yihong 
Published: October 2021

SignificanceWe recently introduced a rat model of incubation (time-dependent increase) of oxycodone craving after voluntary abstinence induced by negative consequences of drug seeking. We used resting-state functional MRI to determine whether longitudinal functional connectivity changes in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) circuits would predict incubation of oxycodone seeking after cessation of drug self-administration by introducing an electric barrier near the oxycodone-paired lever. We report that opposing functional connectivity changes in OFC with dorsal striatum and related circuits during oxycodone self-administration versus voluntary abstinence predicted incubation of opioid seeking. OFC functional connectivity changes did not predict food seeking, which abated after voluntary abstinence. We propose that functional connectivity changes in OFC-related circuits at different addiction phases can be used to predict opioid relapse vulnerability.
Experiences with an Addiction Consultation Service on Care Provided to Hospitalized Patients with Opioid use Disorder: A Qualitative Study of Hospitalists, Nurses, Pharmacists, and Social Workers
Authors: Callister Catherine , Lockhart Steven , Holtrop Jodi Summers , Hoover Kaitlyn , Calcaterra Susan L. 
Published: October 2021

Background In response to the opioid epidemic, addiction consultation services (ACS) increasingly provide dedicated hospital-based addiction treatment to patients with substance use disorder. We assessed hospitalist and medical staff perceptions of how the presence of 2 hospitals’ ACS impacted care for hospitalized patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). We inquired about ongoing challenges in caring for this patient population. Methods We conducted a qualitative study of hospital-based providers utilizing focus groups and key informant interviews for data collection. Transcripts were analyzed using a mixed inductive-deductive approach. Emergent themes were identified through an iterative, multidisciplinary team–based process using a directed content analysis approach. Results Hospitalists ( n = 20), nurses ( n = 13), social workers ( n = 11), and pharmacists ( n = 18) from a university hospital and a safety-net hospital in Colorado participated in focus groups or key informant interviews. In response to the availability of an ACS, hospitalists described increased confidence using methadone and buprenorphine to treat opioid withdrawal, which they perceived as contributing to improved patient outcomes and greater job satisfaction. Participants expressed concern about inconsistent care provided to patients with OUD that varied by the admitting team's specialty and the physician's background and training. Nurses and hospitalists reported frustrations with achieving adequate pain control among patients with OUD. Last, pharmacists reported practice variations when physicians dosed buprenorphine for acute pain among patients with OUD. A lack of standardized dosing led to concerns of inadequate analgesia or return to opioid use following hospital discharge. Conclusions An ACS reportedly supports hospitalists and medical staff to best care for hospitalized patients with OUD. Notably, care provided to patients with OUD may not be uniform depending on various physician-level factors. Future work to address the concerns reported by study participants may include education for OUD treatment, early involvement of the ACS, and incorporation of buprenorphine prescribing algorithms to standardize care.
Weibull-Fréchet random path length model for avalanche gain and noise in photodiodes
Authors: Ong Duu Sheng , Tan Ai Hui , Choo Kan Yeep , Yeoh Keat Hoe , David John P R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A four-parameter Weibull-Fréchet (WF) distribution function has been introduced in the random path length (RPL) model for nonlocal modelling of soft-threshold ionisation in semiconductors. The WF function has been demonstrated to be capable of reproducing the realistic probability distribution function (PDF) of electron and hole ionisation path lengths extracted from full band Monte Carlo (FBMC) transport simulations of bulk GaAs. The electron-initiated multiplication in GaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) calculated by the WF-RPL model is in excellent agreement with the results from FBMC. The predicted excess noise factor is closer to that of FBMC as compared to the hard threshold RPL model. The advantage of this improved RPL model as a tool for predicting the PDF of electron and hole ionisation path lengths in AlAs0.56Sb0.44 from the experimentally measured avalanche gain and noise has been analysed. The electron ionisation path length PDF of AlAs0.56Sb0.44 has a unique feature of two decay rates with a narrow full width at half maximum and a long tail. The extremely low hole ionisation coefficient in AlAs0.56Sb0.44 is found with a PDF of ionisation path length spanning over 50 µm at an electric field of 600 kVcm−1, supporting the very low hole feedback ionisation in AlAs0.56Sb0.44 APDs. The combination of the detailed and peaked electron’s ionisation path length PDF and of the broad hole’s ionisation path length PDF is responsible for the extremely low avalanche noise in the 1.55 µm thick AlAs0.56Sb0.44 APDs.
Unidirectional spin-wave propagation and devices
Authors: Chen Jilei , Yu Haiming , Gubbiotti Gianluca 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Unidirectional information transport plays a key role in optics, microwave technology, electronic logic circuits and devices. Spin waves (SWs) are considered to be a promising candidate for the next-generation logic devices, which have many advantages such as low-energydissipation and compatibility with radio-frequency-based electronic devices. Unidirectional SWs have been demonstrated in magnetic thin films theoretically and experimentally, offering a great opportunity to realize unidirectional transport of spin information. In this article, we review several methods for emitting and measuring unidirectional SWs, such as using the nonreciprocity provided by magnetostatic surface SWs and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions. Unidirectional SWs can also be excited by magnetic nanowire arrays as well as spatially defined spin textures. Finally, we review some magnonic logic devices based on unidirectional SWs, such as spin-wave diodes.
Remote virtual regulatory inspections of facilities and practices utilising ionising radiation and MRI installations during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Hourdakis Costas J , Vogiatzi Stavroula , Pafilis Christos , Kalathaki Maria , Tritakis Panagiotis , Nikolaou Magda , Manios George , Liotsou Vasiliki , Thrapsanioti Zoi , Lambrinakou Martha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Covid-19 pandemic imposes crucial social distancing rules and restriction measures; therefore, the access to facilities and sites, in order to perform on-site inspections, became difficult or not feasible. Greek Atomic Energy Commission (EEAE) adopted remote virtual inspections (RVIs) of facilities and practices applying ionising radiation and magnetic resonance imaging installations, in order to continue discharging its regulatory duty of inspection, effectively. This study presents the experience gained and lessons learnt from the implementation of the RVIs and explores the RVIs perception by the stakeholders. Moreover, the effectiveness and the capability of RVIs to identify ‘findings’, is assessed by comparing the on-site and the remote inspections outcomes. The presented study showed that RVIs could not replace the on-site inspections, entirely; however, they could support and contribute to the inspection activities and program, in certain circumstances. RVIs were proven to be a valuable tool for the inspection of procedures, documents and records as well as the design and operational conditions of the facilities. The performance of remote verification tests and measurements, although feasible, was challenging, due to the technical issues needed to be resolved in advance. The comparison between remote and on-site inspections outcomes showed that both inspection options had similar capability to identify ‘findings’, indicating the validity of the RVIs as an inspection methodology in certain inspection thematic areas. The perception of the RVIs was positive and the added value and usefulness was acknowledged by the inspected facilities’ personnel and the EEAE’s inspectors, although the latter mainly considered RVIs as complementary and supportive to the on-site inspections.
Reflection on the proposed changes to dose quantities—an industrial perspective
Authors: Lips M , Anderson E , Nishida K , Schneider G , Zic J , Sanders C , Owen J , Hondros J , de Ruvo A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In 2021, the ICRP initiated the revision of the general recommendations of the system of radiation protection, and part of it will focus on dose quantities. The recently published ICRP Publication 147 and ICRU Report 95 have described the extent of the proposed modifications and paved the way for the strategy to be adopted. These revisions would seek to simplify, improve the accuracy and extend the field of use of dose quantities. While the Radiological Protection Working Group of the World Nuclear Association recognises the notable improvement in the estimation of the protection quantities and the usefulness of such changes for the medical and research sector, the benefits of the proposed new system seem very limited for the nuclear industry and industries involving naturally occurring radioactive materials. The complexity associated with changing a long-standing and robust system and the risk incurred by the human factor seem unjustified, bearing in mind the likely cost.
Facile fabrication of binder-free photoelectrode for sensitive glucose sensing
Authors: He Kui , Qin Yimo , Wang Juan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A novel carbon nitride particle-decorated three-dimensional porous nickel foam (CN/NF) was fabricated by a simple thermal polymerization deposition method for photoelectrochemical glucose detection. In this PEC sensing system, the synergetic effect of the photoactive CN and conductive current collector NF with multi-charge transfer channels contributed to the efficient separation of photoexcited charge carriers. The CN/NF electrode showed an excellent response for glucose detection and good anti-interference properties. A wide linear detection up to 1000 μM and sensitivity of 460.2 μA cm−2 mM−1 were obtained. This work provides a new strategy for designing binder-free electrodes for PEC sensing.
Two-dimensional Dirac half-metal in porous carbon nitride C6N7 monolayer via atomic doping
Authors: Bafekry A , Faraji M , Hieu N N , Ang Yee Sin , Karbasizadeh S , Abdolhosseini Sarsari I , Ghergherehchi M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Motivated by the recent experimental discovery of C6N7 monolayer (Zhao et al 2021 Science Bulletin
66, 1764), we show that C6N7 monolayer co-doped with C atom is a Dirac half-metal by employing first-principle density functional theory calculations. The structural, mechanical, electronic and magnetic properties of the co-doped C6N7 are investigated by both the PBE and HSE06 functionals. Pristine C6N7 monolayer is a semiconductor with almost isotropic electronic dispersion around the Γ point. As the doping of the C6N7 takes place, the substitution of an N atom with a C atom transforms the monolayer into a dilute magnetic semiconductor, with the spin-up channel showing a band gap of 2.3 eV, while the spin-down channel exhibits a semimetallic phase with multiple Dirac points. The thermodynamic stability of the system is also checked out via AIMD simulations, showing the monolayer to be free of distortion at 500 K. The emergence of Dirac half-metal in carbon nitride monolayer via atomic doping reveals an exciting material platform for designing novel nanoelectronics and spintronics devices.