bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NiCo Alloy Nanoparticles on a N/C Dual‐Doped Matrix as a Cathode Catalyst for Improved Microbial Fuel Cell Performance
Authors: Huang Shuting , Geng Yanxian , Xia Jie , Chen Dongyun , Lu Jianmei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe cathode material properties of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) have a quite important effect on their power generation capacity. Excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance is the key to obtaining the remarkable capability of MFC. In this study, a series of catalysts are successfully prepared by a simple step‐by‐step hydrothermal, in situ growth, solution polymerization, and pyrolysis procedure. Here, the NiCo nanoparticles loading on nitrogen/carbon dual‐doped matrix annealing at 800 °C (NiCo@DNC‐800) under Ar shows good ORR activity with a maximum power density of 2325.60 ± 41.96 mW m−2 in the case of the 2 mg cm−2 minimal catalyst loading, and which is about 2.16 times more than that achieved by 20% Pt/C (1074.21 ± 39.36 mW m−2). The unique N/C duel‐doped matrix provides more graphitic‐N and pyridinic‐N that can reduce the resistance of electron diffusion and transport, together with the synergistic catalysis of NiCo active sites improving the oxygen reduction reaction performance of MFC greatly. In addition, the NiCo@DNC‐800 cathode catalyst demonstrates that composite materials have great application potential in water pollution treatment and new green energy strategies.
A Substrate‐Induced Fabrication of Active Free‐Standing Nanocarbon Film as Air Cathode in Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Yan Dafeng , Xia Chenfeng , He Chaohui , Liu Qingqing , Chen Guangda , Guo Wei , Xia Bao Yu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDesigning cost‐effective and high‐efficiency bifunctional electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurred at air electrodes is vitally significant yet challenging for Zn–air batteries (ZABs). In this work, a zinc substrate induced fabrication is reported of free‐standing nanocarbon hybrid film which shows good bifunctional activity and can be directly used as the air electrode in the rechargeable ZABs. The designed nanocarbon film in Zn–air battery provides a satisfactory power density of 185 mW cm–2 and cycling stability for 1200 h under the current density of 10 mA cm–2. This hybrid film also gives a solid‐state ZAB excellent flexibility with a power density of 160 mW cm–2. The free‐standing hybrid with abundant cobalt–nitrogen–carbon species coupled with porous architecture would be the original factor for its satisfactory performance of rechargeable ZABs. This work would pave an ideal way to design integrated electrode with high electrocatalytic performance towards electrochemical energy technologies.
Chitosan attenuated the neurotoxicity‐induced titanium dioxide nanoparticles in brain of adult rats
Authors: Halawa Amal , Elshopakey Gehad , El‐Adl Mohamed , Lashen Samah , Shalaby Nancy , Eldomany Ehab , Farghali Ahmed , Rezk Shaymaa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the current study, we aimed to investigate the neurotoxic effect of oral titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) as well as the possible neuroprotective effect of carboxymethyl chitosan in adult rats for 14 days. The results revealed that TiO2 NPs inhibited the activity of the acetylcholine esterase enzyme and the levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine neurotransmitters. Additionally, it induced neuro‐oxidative stress and neuroinflammation via an elevation in MDA levels and IL‐6, while GSH concentration, as well as GPx and GST activities, were decreased. TiO2 NPs induced neuronal apoptosis through upregulation of the expression of caspase‐8 and ‐9 that was further confirmed by increasing caspases‐3 and ‐8 proteins in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum. The expression of the immediate‐early gene BDNF was increased in response to TiO2 NPs, while that of Arc was reduced. Chitosan significantly attenuated the TiO2 NPs‐induced neurotoxicity regarding AChE, serotonin, MDA, GSH, GPx, GST, IL‐6, caspases‐8, ‐9, and ‐3. Chitosan inhibited the expression of Arc and alleviated the effect of TiO2 NPs on BDNF expression. Collectively, TiO2 NPs induced neurotoxicity via their action on vital neuronal biomarkers that might in turn cause brain dysfunction. Despite the neuroprotection of chitosan, its inhibitory effect on Arc expression should be considered.
Ecotoxicological and human health risk assessment of selected pesticides in Kurose River, Higashi‐Hiroshima City (Japan)
Authors: Chidya Russel , Derbalah Aly , Abdel‐Dayem Sherif , Kaonga Chikumbusko , Sakugawa Hiroshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study conducted an integrated approach combining monitoring and risk assessment of pesticides in Kurose River and its catchment area, Japan. Water samples (n = 168) were collected every month for 1 year (March 2016 to February 2017). Pesticides (cyanazine, simetryn, fenarimol, isoprothiolane, and diazinon) were extracted by Sep‐Pack C18 cartridges and analyzed using a reversed‐phase HPLC‐UV system. The pesticides were also determined in non‐target organisms Red algae (Audouinella sp.) and diatoms (Cocconeis placentula) from the river. Based on the residual concentrations, an ecotoxicological risk assessment was conducted using the risk quotient (RQ) index. The human health carcinogenic and non‐carcinogenic risk assessments were evaluated using hazard quotients (HQ). Results showed that cyanazine was the most commonly detected (64%), followed by simetryn (58%), and diazinon (57%) in all the sample sites (n = 12). Except for isoprothiolane, the pesticides were highest in spring followed by summer, autumn and winter. Based on extreme values (ex), non‐acceptable ecotoxicological risk was obtained for diazinon (RQex = 21.317), cyanazine (RQex = 3.129), simetryn (RQex = 8.577) and fenarimol (RQex = 10.855), while that of isoprothiolane (RQex = 0.013) was negligible. Based on the HQ estimates, all the pesticides were below the threshold value of 1, hence pose no significant health risks to humans.Practitioner Points

Pesticides affect non‐target organisms in rivers and other aquatic systems
Pesticides were frequently detected in spring and summer and accumulated in red algae and diatom
The detected pesticides posed high ecotoxicological and human health risks
A novel methodology for Arabic news classification
Authors: Alfonse Marco , Gawich Mariam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe automated news classification concerns the assignment of news to one or more predefined categories. The automated classified news helps the search engines to mine and categorize the type of news that the user asks for. Most of the researchers focused on the classification of English news and ignore the Arabic news due to the complexity of the Arabic morphology. This article presents a novel methodology to classify the Arabic news. It relies on the use of features extraction and the application of machine learning classifiers which are the Naive Bayes (NB), the Logistic Regression (LR), the Random Forest (RF), the Xtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), the K‐Nearest Neighbors (KNN), the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), the Decision Tree (DT), and the Multi‐Layer Perceptron (MLP). The methodology is applied to the Arabic news dataset provided by Mendeley. The accuracy of the classification is more than 95%.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Text Mining
Technologies > Machine Learning
Technologies > Classification
Anti‐migration of Nitrogen‐rich N‐Heterocyclic Ferrocenes and Their Combustion Catalytic Properties in the Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Oxidizers
Authors: Shi Xiaoling , Yang Lufei , Jiang Liping , Bi Fuqiang , Zhang Guofang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo retard high migration tendency of alkylferrocene‐based burning rate catalysts and ameliorate their combustion catalytic activity, twenty new nitrogen‐rich N‐heterocyclic ferrocenyl compounds 1–20 were synthesized by click reaction and characterized by NMR, UV‐Vis, FT‐IR, ESI‐MS, etc. Six compounds were structurally confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction additionally. TG studies showed that the new ferrocenyl compounds are highly thermal stable. Cyclic voltammetry results implied that some new ferrocenyl compounds exhibit reversible electrochemical behavior, which are favorable for their combustion catalytic performance in the composite solid propellants. The anti‐migration tests confirmed that the new ferrocenyl compounds exhibit neglectable migration trends after four‐week aging on comparison with ferrocene and catocene. The catalytic combustion tests of AP, RDX and HMX over the compounds 1–20 indicated that these N‐heterocyclic ferrocenes are all highly active for improving thermal degradation of AP and RDX and more active than the aniline‐derived counterparts prepared by click reaction.
Introduction
Authors: Wallace Maria F. G. , Bazzul Jesse , Higgins Marc , Tolbert Sara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis edited volume invites transdisciplinary scholars to re-vision science education in the era of the Anthropocene. The collection encompasses the works of educators from many walks of life and areas of practice together to help reorient science education toward the problems and peculiarities associated with the geologic times many call the Anthropocene.
Rethinking Historical Approaches for Science Education in the Anthropocene
Authors: B. Moura Cristiano , Guerra Andreia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we intend to bring the urgency of our times, pointed out by discussions about the Anthropocene, to research in history, philosophy, and sociology of science in science teaching. After considering the own historicity of the Anthropocene concept, we seek, through a short historical case on botany, to build new lenses to look at Western modern science, locating other stories and other perspectives that can be told about its emergence and establishment. With this new focus, we discuss how this knowledge was shaped by the triad of colonialism, capitalism, and patriarchy, and that for this reason, we must perceive modern science through a critical lens in dialog with other forms of knowledge. This dialogue can help to build solutions for the present moment and to dissolve some of the impasses regarding the conversations around the Anthropocene. Thus, we argue that enhancing the political-historical dimension of Western modern science in science education is a fundamental task in building futures that produce different and potentially less (self)destructive multispecies relationships.
In Conversation with Vicki Kirby: Deconstruction, Critique, and Human Exceptionalism in the Anthropocene
Authors: Kirby Vicki , Higgins Marc 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this interview Marc Higgins invites Vicki Kirby to dilate on the themes that have exercised her attention over the last thirty years. His questions address the received assumptions that shape political and ethical debate and the suggestion that their terms of reference require a radical shake-up. Kirby’s counter-intuitive treatment of familiar and accepted ways of thinking pays special attention to the nature/culture division and its myriad reconfigurations (body versus mind; primitive, or first, versus complex, or second; illiteracy versus literacy). She interrogates the routine and almost automatic logic that segregates what is deemed abstract and ideational from the pragmatic gravitas and political urgency that we tend to secure in empirical, “on the ground” evidence. For Kirby, this notion of material evidence and the weight of its truth claims, together with the corollary belief that the ideational and abstract are entirely other to physical and material reality, promote an insidious political agenda that sustains misogyny, racism, and ecological degradation as inevitable. By underlining the implicated ecologies of life whose dynamic cross-overs and impurities are also manifest in our thought structures, we are challenged to work with/in a sense of corruption that is irreducible and not simply negative.
Fire as Unruly Kin: Curriculum Silences and Human Responses
Authors: Gough Annette , Towers Briony , Verlie Blanche 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHumans have ambiguous relationships with fire. The ability to control fire has been part of shaping human development and human society as well as the characteristics of Australian ecosystems, but bushfire is also a threat to all forms of life. The chemical process of combustion is also complicit in the Anthropocene and climate change, which threatens life as we know it. The current Australian curriculum generally ignores fire, and this needs reconfiguring. In this chapter we disrupt the traditional curriculum and argue for becoming-with fire as a pyro-pedagogy for teaching and learning with this unruly kin.
Still Joy: A Call for Wonder(ing) in Science Education as Anti-racist Vibrant Life-Living
Authors: Byers Christie C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWonder is an elusive yet ever-present dynamic phenomenon that deserves more attention in (science) education. What might wonder have to do with critiquing science (as the hegemonic and “neutral” discipline it has become) and living out a more life-affirming and anti-racist vision of science education? In this chapter I share a meta-assemblage research-creation: a researcher-created experimental exhibit of found poetic data assemblages about wonder, joy, Black life, neurodiversity, love, science, and science education. The intention of this meta-assemblage research-creation is to explore the affective flows of the phenomenon of wonder, while also inviting consideration of how the multiple forces and co-components of the body(ies) assembled here move together in an uneasy and historically traceable tension. These co-movements suggest how “traditional” science and school science education are not only complicit with, but also may be directly implicated as primary protagonists in the violent anti-Black racism and planet-wide suffering happening today. A more wonder-filled approach to science education may be necessary now more than ever.
Root Apex Cognition: From Neuronal Molecules to Root-Fungal Networks
Authors: Baluška František , Yamashita Felipe , Mancuso Stefano 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlant roots are generally hidden from our sight, growing and living underground in alliances with symbiotic fungi. In order to find enough water and critical mineral nutrients, they explore large areas of soil with their root apices acting as plant cognition-based brain-like organs allowing them to use kin recognition, self/non-self recognition as well as swarm intelligence. Importantly, fungal hyphae integrate root systems into huge root-wide webs which allow not only the sharing of water and mineral nutrients, but also support long-distance chemical and electric signals. Roots use neuronal molecules such as glutamate and GABA supported by their specific receptors, as well as actin-based synapses and the plant-specific action potentials, to perform all their social activities and cognitive navigation for soil exploration.
Fostering the Effectiveness of TCL
Authors: Oehl Maximilian Eduard 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhat fosters the effectiveness of Transnational Commodity Law (TCL) is to render the sustainable use principle as effective as possible. For that purpose, we shall first turn to some reflections on how the normative potential of sustainable development (SD) as a legal concept can be unfolded (Sect. 5.1). Secondly, we will turn to International Commodity Agreements (ICAs) as potential instruments codifying what sustainable commodity use requires (Sect. 5.2).
Sharpening the boundaries between flux landscape and swampland by tadpole charge
Authors: Ishiguro Keiya , Otsuka Hajime 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigate the vacuum structure of four-dimensional effective theory arising from Type IIB flux compactifications on a mirror of the rigid Calabi-Yau threefold, corresponding to a T-dual of the DeWolfe-Giryavets-Kachru-Taylor model in Type IIA flux compactifications. By analyzing the vacuum structure of this interesting corner of string landscape, it turns out that there exist perturbatively unstable de Sitter (dS) vacua in addition to supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric anti-de Sitter vacua. On the other hand, the stable dS vacua appearing in the low-energy effective action violate the tadpole cancellation condition, indicating a strong correlation between the existence of dS vacua and the flux-induced D3-brane charge (tadpole charge). We also find analytically that the tadpole charge constrained by the tadpole cancellation condition emerges in the scalar potential in a nontrivial way. Thus, the tadpole charge would restrict the existence of stable dS vacua, and this fact underlies the statement of the dS conjecture. Furthermore, our analytical and numerical results exhibit that distributions of$$ \mathcal{O}(1) $$O1parameters in expressions of several swampland conjectures peak at specific values.
Speeding up the spread of quantum information in chaotic systems
Authors: Eccles Stefan , Fischler Willy , Guglielmo Tyler , Pedraza Juan F. , Racz Sarah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We explore the effect of introducing mild nonlocality into otherwise local, chaotic quantum systems, on the rate of information spreading and associated rates of entanglement generation and operator growth. We consider various forms of nonlocality, both in 1-dimensional spin chain models and in holographic gauge theories, comparing the phenomenology of each. Generically, increasing the level of nonlocality increases the rate of information spreading, but in lattice models we find instances where these rates are slightly suppressed.
Axisymmetric Solutions in the Geomagnetic Direction Problem
Authors: Kaiser Ralf , Ramming Tobias 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe magnetic field outside the earth is in good approximation a harmonic vector field determined by its values at the earth’s surface. The direction problem seeks to determine harmonic vector fields vanishing at infinity and with the prescribed direction of the field vector at the surface. In general this type of data neither guarantees the existence nor the uniqueness of solutions of the corresponding nonlinear boundary value problem. To determine conditions for existence, to specify the non-uniqueness and to identify cases of uniqueness is of particular interest when modeling the earth’s (or any other celestial body’s) magnetic field from these data. Here we consider the case of axisymmetric harmonic fields $$\mathbf{B}$$
B
outside the sphere $$S^2 \subset {{\mathbb {R}}}^3$$

S
2

⊂

R

3

. We introduce a rotation number $${r\!o}\in {{\mathbb {Z}}}$$

r

o

∈
Z

along a meridian of $$S^2$$

S
2

for any axisymmetric Hölder continuous direction field $$\mathbf{D}\ne 0$$

D
≠
0

on $$S^2$$

S
2

and, moreover, the (exact) decay order $$3 \le \delta \in {{\mathbb {Z}}}$$

3
≤
δ
∈
Z

of any axisymmetric harmonic field $$\mathbf{B}$$
B
at infinity. Fixing a meridional plane and in this plane $${r\!o}- \delta +1 \geqq 0$$

r

o

-
δ
+
1
≧
0

points $$z_n$$

z
n

(symmetric with respect to the symmetry axis and with $$|z_n| > 1$$

|

z
n

|
>
1

, $$n = 1,\ldots ,{r\!o}-\delta +1$$

n
=
1
,
…
,

r

o

-
δ
+
1

), we prove the existence of an (up to a positive constant factor) unique harmonic field $$\mathbf{B}$$
B
vanishing at $$z_n$$

z
n

and nowhere else, with decay order $$\delta $$
δ
at infinity, and with direction $$\mathbf{D}$$
D
at $$S^2$$

S
2

. The proof is based on the global solution of a nonlinear elliptic boundary value problem, which arises from a complex analytic ansatz for the axisymmetric harmonic field in the meridional plane. The coefficients of the elliptic equation are discontinuous and singular at the symmetry axis, and this requires solution techniques that are adapted to this special situation.
Factors correlating with patients’ satisfaction after undergoing cartilage repair surgery—data from the German Cartilage Registry (KnorpelRegister DGOU)
Authors: Faber Svea , Seiferth Nick , Angele Peter , Spahn Gunter , Buhs Matthias , Zinser Wolfgang , Niemeyer Philipp 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSubjective patient satisfaction is the most relevant parameter for assessing the success of treatment after orthopaedic surgery. The aim of the present study was to correlate patient-reported outcome parameters (i.e., absolute KOOS, KOOS increase) and revision-free survival with patient’s satisfaction. Furthermore, the study aimed on the identification of pre-operative factors that are associated with patient’s satisfaction after the surgery.For the present study, 6305 consecutive patients from the German Cartilage Registry (KnorpelRegister DGOU) were analyzed. Patient characteristics and outcome were correlated with patients’ satisfaction after a follow-up of three years by Spearman correlation. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Mean age was 37 ± 12.5 years, 59.7% patients were male, and 40.3% female. Most patients (46.7%) were treated with an autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). The strongest correlation of subjective satisfaction and the subscore quality of life (r = 0.682; p < 0.001) was found, whereas the post-operative increase in KOOS from the pre-operative value showed only a moderate correlation (r = 0.520; p < 0.001). There was also a significant correlation with the absolute KOOS value (r = 0.678; p < 0.001), the subscores pain (r = 0.652; p < 0.001), quality of life (r = 0.682; p < 0.001), and sports (r = 0.633; p < 0.001), whereas symptoms (r = 0.504, p < 0.001) and activities of daily life (r = 0.601; p < 0.001) showed a weaker correlation. Pain also correlated highly significant with the patient satisfaction 24 months after surgery (r =  − 0.651, p < 0.001). The correlation between satisfaction after the 2nd and 3rd year (r = 0.727; p < 0.001) is stronger than correlation after six months and three years (r = 0.422, p < 0.001). All pre-operative parameters show a very weak correlation (r < 0.1).The use of standardized measuring instruments (KOOS and Pain) is a relevant outcome parameter in science and clinical practice, whereas absolute values represent satisfaction better than the individual increase. The subscores “pain,” “quality of life,” and “sports” represent satisfaction better than the subscores “symptoms” and “activity of daily life.” Early satisfaction has only a moderate predictive value for satisfaction after 3 years, which is of great practical relevance in particular for the assessment of potential treatment failures. It is remarkable to note that a revision surgery is only very mildly associated with increased dissatisfaction. Pre-operative factors are not reliable prediction factors for post-operative patient satisfaction.