bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caratteristiche e mutamenti del commercio agro-alimentare: un confronto fra Italia ed India
Authors: Privitera Donatella , Rognetta Bernardo 
Published: June 2021

- This paper examines the product specialisation of Italian trade over the period 2000-2006 to identify the roots of Italy's sluggish trade performance with respect to India. In particular, the analysis focuses on the role of product specialisation in relation to world trade growth and competition from emerging countries. We used trade indicators to describe and asses the state of trade flows and trade patterns of a particular country like India and also to monitor these flows over time and across countries. Till the early 1990s, India was a closed economy: average tariffs exceeded 200 percent, quantitative restrictions on imports were extensive, and there were stringent restrictions on foreign investment. The country began to cautiously reform in the 1990s, liberalizing only under conditions of extreme necessity. Since that time, trade reforms have produced remarkable results. The economy is now among the fastest growing in the world. This leads some to see India as a ‘rapid globalizer' while others still see it as a ‘highly protectionist' economy. India however retains its right to protect when need arises. Agricultural tariffs average between 30-40 percent, anti-dumping measures have been liberally used to protect trade. India is now aggressively pushing for a more liberal global trade regime, especially in services.JEL Code: Q17Key words: emerging countries, trade indicators; competitive pressures
Dinamiche del commercio internazionale dell'olio di oliva italiano: un'analisi prospettica
Authors: Finco Adele , Padella Monica , Di Pronio Guido , Pollonara Mirco 
Published: June 2021

- The paper analyses the dynamics of the Italian olive oil trade and gives a preliminary explanation of the opportunity in the international market. The paper starts showing the description of olive oil chain and production and underlining the main factors affecting the import export system. The aim of this work is to explain the magnitude of the trade flows for olive oil from Italy to its main importing countries. This objective has been reached by establishing an appropriate econometric model derived from an extended form of the "Gravity Model". This model has been broadly applied to the analysis of international trade because it provides robust estimates. The results obtained and the model itself are useful in forecasting potential trends in the exportation of high quality Italian olive oil.JEL Codes: Q13, Q17, C20Key words: Italian Olive Oil, Food-Trade, Gravity Models, Export Analysis
Il risk management nelle Sgr immobiliari tra regole, stato dell'arte e sfide aperte
Authors: Giannotti Claudio 
Published: June 2021

Le Sgr che gestiscono fondi immobiliari devono avere una funzione di risk management. Il controllo dei rischi puň rappresentare non solo un obbligo regolamentare, ma anche un modus operandi premiante e un vantaggio competitivo. Occorre un passaggio culturale dallaformale allasostanziale. Attraverso un questionario inviato al gruppo di lavoro di Assogestioni, questo articolo si propone di analizzare lo stato dell'arte delmanagement delle Sgr immobiliari italiane, per evidenziare anche le principali sfide aperte per il settore. Dai questionari emerge che i rischi della Sgr sono gestiti attraverso un'articolata mappatura, che evidenzia i fattori di rischio nelle fasi del processo gestionale. Per la gestione dei rischi dei fondi immobiliari, le Sgr utilizzano prevalentemente l'analisi di sensitivitŕ sul business. Le principali sfide aperte sono: l'utilizzo di misurazioni e modelli statistici adatti agli investimenti immobiliari, la scarsa adeguatezza del sistema informativo immobiliare, l'efficacia della comunicazione interna ed esterna e la definizione dicondivise.
La scelta della misura di rischio nella classificazione dei fondi immobiliari italiani
Authors: Giannotti Claudio , Mattarocci Gianluca 
Published: June 2021

Il mercato immobiliare europeo č cresciuto significativamente negli ultimi anni e la realtŕ italiana ha dimostrato una crescita dei prodotti disponibili sia per la clientela retail che istituzionale. La grande diffusione presso il pubblico ha evidenziato l'opportunitŕ di definire delle semplici misure di rendimento/rischio di facile comprensione anche per gli investitori con scarse competenze finanziarie. La soluzione solitamente adottata nell'industria del risparmio gestito č rappresentata dalle misure. La letteratura in materia ha evidenziato la capacitŕ di tali strumenti di selezionare le migliori opportunitŕ di investimento nell'ipotesi semplificatrice di distribuzione normale dei rendimenti. Considerando il mercato italiano, l'articolo esamina la performance dei fondi immobiliari italiani nel periodo 2001-2009 e sottopone a verifica l'ipotesi di normalitŕ dei rendimenti conseguiti. Evidenziati i limiti di tale ipotesi semplificatrice, il contributo confronta i ranking basati sull'indice di Sharpe con quelli ottenuti utilizzando misure Rap che adottano approcci di misurazione del rischio differenti. I risultati ottenuti evidenziano che i diversi ranking portano a risultati non strettamente comparabili e quelli piů stabili nel tempo sono quelli costruiti utilizzando misure di rischio che non assumono l'ipotesi semplificatrice della normalitŕ dei rendimenti. L'esigenza di utilizzare tali misure corrette č piů chiara quando i fondi immobiliari fanno maggiore ricorso al debito e/o sono scarsamente negoziati nel mercato.
Musica e bellezza. Sinestesia etico-estetica e origine del pensiero creativo
Authors: Cogliani Maurizio 
Published: June 2021

La nota affermazione del principe Miskin nell'Idiota di Dostoevskij («La bellezza salverŕ il mondo»), offre una singolare chiave di lettura che, sulla base di un'interpretazione letterale del testo russo, conduce a invertire i termini della frase: "Il mondo salverŕ la bellezza". Affinché ciň sia possibile, č necessario che il mondo recuperi l'essenza del bello che consiste nella sua gratuitŕ; nell'essere, cioč, irriducibile a ogni definizione, e che pertanto trova un imprescindibile punto di riferimento nellaplotiniana, tradotta col termine "grazia". La grazia, per la sua neutralitŕ, rappresenta lo spazio aperto in cui far interagire la bellezza e il mondo: ciň che rende possibile un'esperienza che č insieme estetica ed etica. Il carattere immediato della grazia puň essere poi riferito sul piano psicoanalitico all'in quanto cognizione intuitiva propria del procedimento inconscio che attiva successivamente il processo consapevole su un piano culturale, linguistico, storico. Recuperando, quindi, nella gratuitŕ della bellezza anche la componente psicoanalitica che dall'inconscio arriva alla consapevolezza di sé, si amplia il significato stesso di bellezza e dell'esperienza estetica, la quale si contrassegna come conoscenza estesico-estetica che consiste primariamente nell'esercizio di una sensibilitŕ in grado di percepire ed elaborare sensazioni tramite l'. All'incrocio tra etica ed estetica si pone l'esperienza musicale. Nella sua sostanziale intraducibilitŕ, la musica č veicolo o "contenitore di risonanza" per le emozioni: il simbolo musicale appare oggettivamente come significante vuoto che mentre vanifica l'orizzonte dei concetti definiti, evoca quello indefinito dell'immaginazione e degli affetti. L'ascolto musicale, dunque, attiva una percezione interiore, una sorta di "insight estetico" (Di Benedetto, 2000) a livello inconscio, di per sé intraducibile in quanto proprio delle forme del pensiero simmetrico (Matte Blanco, 1981), suscettibile, poi, di essere dispiegato attraverso le relazioni asimmetriche proprie del pensiero logico. Č in questa chiave che puň essere interpretato il concetto di "tensione rinviante" (Morelli, 2010): qualitŕ evolutiva tipicamente umana che ci rende capaci di creare quello che ancora non c'č e di innovare l'esistente. Le esperienze estetiche che emergono dalle categorie a cui questa tensione rinvia hanno nella discontinuitŕ e nella creazione dell'inedito un fattore comune che in musica si ritrova a livello sia compositivo che improvvisativo. In conclusione, la musica, evocando e inducendo emozioni, rimanda a una dimensione di senso il cui nucleo č costituito dalla confluenza di sentire e pensare e che, nell'infinita combinazione di simmetrico e asimmetrico, rivela il vero volto della creativitŕ, in un processo che coinvolge anche la conoscenza e l'apprendimento.
The organisation & the costs of the decommissioning nuclear plants in the UK
Authors: Thomas Steve 
Published: June 2021

- UK electricity consumers have paid provisions for decommissioning since before 1980 but by 2002, there were still negligible funds available to pay for decommissioning civil nuclear facilities. By then, the two major UK nuclear companies, British Energy and British Nuclear Fuels Limited (BNFL), were both effectively bankrupt. This paper examines: the pre-2002 provisions for decommissioning and how they were lost; the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, a new public body which took over ownership of BNFL's facilities including the duty to manage their decommissioning and how it expects to carry out and fund decommissioning of its sites; how the re-launched British Energy will contribute to decommissioning its eight plants; and government plans for collecting decommissioning provisions for any new plants.JEL classifications: L50, L38, H23, H44, L71Key words: Nuclear power, decommissioning cost, funding and polluter pays.
L'impegno nucleare di Edf in Francia e nel mondo
Authors: D'Onghia Bruno 
Published: June 2021

- The success of the French nuclear program can suggest valuable lessons to Italy if she wants to come back to this technology: - nuclear is a choice of long-term that requires stable and long lasting strategies and does not tolerate "stop-and-go" and change of mind according to the pace of change of political majorities and governments; - in order to be competitive, a number of standardized reactors not too distant in time has to be realized; - the "country system" must be able to manage a complex industrial program, not in autarky, but in the framework of the single European market; - the public acceptance attitude should be developed and consolidated over time through the quality of industrial initiatives and demonstration of knowing how to achieve to announced targets; - the legal framework for the authorization process and the organization of the security authority should be guided by the international "best practices". The adoption of European standards and a European "design certification" should also be promoted.Key words: Nuclear energy, Edf strategies, nuclear waste.JEL classifications: G11, L20, L94
Vincoli europei e internazionali. Il rilancio della politica climatica dell'Unione Europea per il periodo post Kyoto
Authors: Molocchi Andrea 
Published: June 2021

- The relation describes the European strategy on energy and climate under the UNFCCC process for the post Kyoto period (after 2012), by which on march 2007 the EU Council adopted general targets at 2020 for a 20%/30% emission reduction, 20% renewables and 20% energy saving. Furthermore it highlights the main features of the legislative proposals published by the European Commission (EC) to implement the strategy on the 23rd January 2008, soon after the Bali COP13 (so called "energy and climate package"). The package contains proposals to implement the 20% emission reduction through EU level defined caps in the ETS sectors and by national targets differentiation in the non-ETS sectors (respectively under the "ETS revision directive" and "Effort Sharing Decision") and a further directive proposal to implement the 20% target for renewables through national target differentiation as well. The burden sharing criteria applied by EC in the energy package proposals are based on GDP per capita and they do not consider any environmental efficiency criteria, such as carbon intensity or potential for renewable sources based on land availability. As the Impact Assessment produced by the Commission itself shows, the way the "solidariety criteria" has been applied produced estimated costs on GDP highly differentiated between Member States and non-coherent with the GDP per capita distribution. Nevertheless, these burden sharings have not been timely corrected by the EC to bring optimisation with GDP per capita rankings in the UE. In addition, the EC package does not contain legislative proposals aimed to implement the 20% energy saving target. Recent disclosure of information by EC consultants (NTUA - Primes Model) shows that the implicit energy saving potential of the proposed package is limited to 7%, thus far away from the announced 20%. Due to these lackings, the EC package and related burden sharings may not be considered coherent to the EU Council spring 2007 mandate. European Parliament or Council emendments aimed at a higher efficiency and fairness for the whole package are deemed necessary by the author, even if politically difficult to be introduced.Key words: Energy & climate package, GHGs, energy efficiency, renewable sources, European policy.
Il mercato nazionale e locale per l'energia. Il servizio al consumatore finale quale ultimo step di un'unica filiera
Authors: Antonioli Barbara 
Published: June 2021

- The reorganization of the energy market, together with an increase in the mobility of resources and the evolution of supply, have reduced borders between national and local market, and both regulatory policies and players' strategies have to consider these renewed environment. The goal of this paper is to make some considerations about the dimension and the interactions between national and locals, up-stream and downstream energy markets, both in terms of value chain phases regulation and of the impact on firms' organization and on the industry as a whole. We want to highlight evident problems of coordination of different rules, the necessity to define a clear national industrial policy (not fragmented at local level), as well as the relevance of the end user prices regulation for liberalized market. In particular, this kind of regulation seems to represent a key point of the current discussion between operators and the energy Authority. The end users price regulation present some critical aspects related to its (contested) limited contribution to a real price competition but, on the other side, had to be considered as a strong protection for domestic customers, as well as a way to reduce information asymmetry.Key words: Energy, competition, regulation.JEL classifications: H1, K2.Parole chiave: Energia, concorrenza, regolazione.
Le controversie del cambiamento climatico
Authors: Ciattaglia Luigi 
Published: June 2021

- The paper informs about some controversies dealing with the climatic change recently appeared on the international press. Particularly are examined the argumentations exposed on the New York Times by the physicist Freeman Dyson about the remedies proposed on the occasion of a lecture he held at Yale in 2008. Some details are given too on the results of a research, which same Dyson makes reference, conducted by the economist William Nordhaus in order to quantify aggregated expenditures and costs and gain of the measures to be taken in order to contrast climatic change according to a purely economic methodology. Finally the statements the Royal Society of the United Kingdom released about the scientific basis of the arguments advanced by the people sceptic on the matter of climatic change are reported.Keywords: global warming, greenhouse gases, biotechnologies and CO2 removal, economic evaluation of possible remediesJEL classifications: Q5Parole chiave: riscaldamento globale, gas serra, biotecnologie e rimozione della CO2, valutazione economica dei possibili rimedi
Heterodox Environmental Economix: Theoretical Strands in Search of a Paradigm
Authors: Marletto Gerardo 
Published: June 2021

- Heterodox environmental economics is mainly based on non-mainstream economic theories; in particular it refers to two classic strands of economics (and to their recent revival and cross-fertilization): institutional economics and Schumpeterian economics. Starting from these theoretical foundations, heterodox environmental economics radically differs from the mainstream (market-centred and static) approach to positive and normative environmental economics. Three basic concepts are at the hearth of such a different vision: resource regimes, as institutional structures established to regulate access to natural resources and their use; environmental appraisals, as "value articulating" institutions conditioned by the incommensurability of conflicting values; "sociotechnical" transitions, as dynamic processes that are needed to unlock existing unsustainable technologies, institutions and values. These considerations are not sufficient to say that heterodox environmental economics has already become a paradigm; a stable community of researchers defining themselves as ‘heterodox environmental economists' still does not exist. Time will tell if some emerging connections between different research groups will generate the social core of a nascent paradigm.Keywords: environmental economics; heterodox economics; institutional economics; evolutionary theories of economic changeJEL classification: B52; Q50
Corporate Strategy in Relation to Environmental protection issues
Authors: Bazin Damien 
Published: June 2021

- Firms have a reputation for caring only about profits and for showing scant regard when it comes to the consequences of their actions or their behaviour in relation to environmental protection. We wish to put forward a renewed vision of firms in terms of their corporate social responsibility, one in which the above dichotomy becomes less marked. We will explain in detail the fact that in order to take environmental issues seriously, it is necessary to consider them with regard to corporate change at an institutional level. For this reason we will carry out a critical analysis of the use of an envi- ronmental tax and we will broaden the discussion to include the need for a greater responsibility among economic agents.Keywords: corporate social responsibility, environment, responsible behaviour, taxation.JEL classification: Q010, Q560, Q580Parole chiave: responsabilitŕ sociale di impresa, ambiente, comportamento responsabile, tassazione
Editoriale: famiglie, genere e differenze
Authors: Zamperini Adriano 
Published: June 2021

- The term "gender" was originally used by linguists to refer to the rules associated with grammatical categories of words with masculine and feminine designations. The term has now taken on much broader significance, and controversies about its meaning abound in socio-psychological literature, with particular emphasis on the changing relationship. As a partial consequence, the fluctuation of family and conjugal ties in western society has become a central feature of social life, determining new family typologies. In Italy, notwithstanding the strength of traditional family ties, behaviours that once were marginal are becoming a common occurrence. The increase of new forms of families calls for a deep analysis of the phenomena in order to make possible the elaboration of interpretative paradigms.Key words: families, gender, differences
Separazione, affidamento condiviso e sindrome di alienazione genitoriale
Authors: Cavedon Adele 
Published: June 2021

- The law of February 8, 2006 has theoretically sanctioned the principle of parental dichotomy, putting the two parents at the same level; however the Italian judicial system often seems (to represent an optimal field to increase) to sharpen the contrast that it pretends to reduce as solutions (adapted) suitable for single, rather than for the whole family system, are often proposed. The partition of children is a specific case; they sometimes are divided among parents. In such context a particular type of Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) can arise which can be defined as inter-crossed or bilateral. In this work I intend to provide useful information to characterize PAS, although still little is known and studied in Italy, through a review of the existing literature and some suggestions that are the result of my experience in the field, offering a diagnosis of the phenomenon through the observation of minor children and their families' dynamics.Key words: separation, shared confidence, Parental Alienation Syndrome
La relazione scuola-famiglia nella prospettiva dei genitori utilizzando un modello multidimensionale di competenza relazionale
Authors: Colesso Walter , Scilletta Claudia 
Published: June 2021

- The efforts required to resolve the hardships of the Italian school context with efficient and preventive interventions need to be grounded on theoretical models and specific empirical investigation. For this reason we elaborated a model describing the relationship between school and family from the parents prospective with reference to the Relational Competence Theory. An 86-item questionnaire was built to investigate the following areas: inter generational influences, personality measures, parental commitment and efficacy. The data analyzed with Structural Equation Modelling showed functional and dysfunctional links between the areas under investigation. Moreover, significant interactions were observed among predictors such as gender, status, age, number of children, and education, even tough the effect sizes were small.Keywords: Parental competence, parental involvement, school-family relationships, relational competence theory
Genitori e figli: quando i ruoli si invertono
Authors: Nicolini Chiara , Minervini Palma 
Published: June 2021

- With the present study we cast light upon the demanding labour of Individuation- Separation that adult sons and daughters are asked to renovate when their parents get old and become dependent. In this turning point, children are asked to some extent to become the parents of their own parents. This is a very tough passage and there is a risk of confounding, especially if an "unconscious mix up" acts upon the children, the parents or between them. Starting from the legend of Aeneas that carries his old father Anchises on his shoulders, some theoretical speculations about the painful separation from aged parents are here proposed. Clinical examples illustrate the therapist's work that helps the patient in the Individuation process. This process develops within the intra-psychic space but needs also a strong investment at an inter-personal level. Only after reaching a separation condition the adult son or daughter can carry on his/her shoulders the aged parent without being overcome by crossed projections.Key words: Individuation-separation, aged parents, adult sons/daughters