bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A formação docente para educação profissional por meio de um curso de extensão com tecnologias emergentes e escolarização aberta
Authors: Okada Alexandra , Da Matta Cláudia Eliane 
Published: November 2021

Este artigo explora a “escolarização aberta” promovida pela União Europeia cujo foco é a coaprendizagem formal, não-formal e informal por meio da cooperação entre estudantes, cientistas e comunidades para resolver problemas reais da vida visando educação profissional sociocientífica e cidadania responsável. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender as práticas, estratégias e necessidades de professores interessados em inovação educacional com tecnologias emergentes e escolarização aberta. Este estudo de métodos mistos foi apoiado por um instrumento reflexivo semiestruturado do projeto CONNECT de escolarização aberta. Este projeto visa empoderar jovens apoiados em pesquisa e inovação responsáveis, ciência-ação e “diversão emancipatória" – prazer intrínseco de aprender. Os participantes foram 34 professores de escolas de ensino médio, incluindo educação profissional, técnica e vocacional no Brasil, que concluíram um curso de extensão sobre o uso de tecnologias emergentes. Os resultados destacam vários desafios para professores ainda centrados no ensino tradicional transmissivo: ensinar habilidades de pesquisa com problemas da vida real; ajudar os estudantes a gerar perguntas com visões baseadas em evidências; avaliar o quão bem os estudantes usam as evidências para formar um argumento e elaborar narrativas científicas e promover discussão sobre ciência na sociedade em sala de aula. Além disso, quatro estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem dos professores precisam tornar-se mais frequentes para que estudantes possam: elaborar questões científicas sobre o tópico abordado; desenvolver projeto de investigação colaborativa; usar jogos colaborativos com divisão de papéis e dialogar sobre questões científicas atuais.
Bioinspired Stochastic Design: Tough and Stiff Ceramic Systems
Authors: Yazdani Sarvestani Hamidreza , Aranguren van Egmond Derek , Esmail Ilhan , Genest Marc , Paquet Chantal , Ashrafi Behnam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCeramics possess desirable stiffness, compressive strength, and thermal properties compared to alternative material classes. Despite this, the adoption of ceramics into advanced industries has been hindered by their inherent brittleness. Using a state‐of‐the‐art manufacturing platform, the authors incorporate disordered microstructural features inspired by those found in natural, impact‐resistant organisms using tessellated ceramic cells. To precisely mimic these natural patterns, a disorder parameter is introduced to modulate the stochasticity of the ceramic architectures. By modifying simple geometrical features such as cut depth and the disorder parameter, the energy absorption is dramatically improved, and the stiffness of the system can be tailored. It is found that the stochastic designs exhibit elevated damage tolerance, denoted by higher dynamic energy absorption (up to 330% for the 3rd impact) and stiffness (up to 200% for the 3rd impact) than both monolithic and perfectly hexagonal architectures. The results show a superior multi‐hit resistance owing to optimal cut depth and stochasticity which give access to extrinsic toughening mechanisms that can be influenced through design parameters. This highly‐scalable, digital manufacturing platform for creating numerically programmable architectures propels the automated production of intelligent, high‐performance, and tailorable ceramic systems for industrial applications in aerospace, protective devices, and medicine.
A Reanalysis of the Diverse Sodium Species in Carbon Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries: A Thermodynamic View
Authors: Tian Zhihong , Zhang Yu , Zhu Jixin , Li Qiuye , Liu Tianxi , Antonietti Markus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSodium ion batteries (SIBs) have been extensively investigated as a promising alternative for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) owing to the readily available character of sodium, lower costs of battery systems, as well as a similar working mechanism to LIBs. However, this view turns out to be oversimplified; countless reviews especially in the last years contradict each other, and it is still a challenging task to design highly performing electrode materials for SIBs. Due to the larger radius of Na+, its lower covalent character, and the resulting changes in intercalation chemistry, sodium is far from being only the bigger relative of lithium, and the difference leads to altered loading curves, and the occurrence of a multiplicity of binding sites. An in‐depth holistic understanding of the sodium storage mechanisms is needed to resolve the controversial discussions in the research community, ideally starting with unquestionable thermodynamic points. Here, taking a tutorial perspective, first the recent discussions on the storage mechanism of sodium in carbons are reviewed from an unorthodox viewpoint, namely addressing sodium uptake as a multifaceted adsorption process with an added electrochemical binding potential. This model is based on literature data. Afterward, challenges and perspectives revealed by such a model are discussed.
Bimetallic Copper/Ruthenium/Osmium Complexes: Observation of Conformational Differences Between the Solution Phase and Solid State by Atomic Pair Distribution Function Analysis
Authors: Xie Zhu‐Lin , Liu Xiaolin , Valentine Andrew J. S. , Lynch Vincent M. , Tiede David M. , Li Xiaosong , Mulfort Karen L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh‐energy X‐ray scattering and pair distribution function analysis (HEXS/PDF) is a powerful method to reveal the structure of materials lacking long‐range order, but is underutilized for molecular complexes in solution. We demonstrate the application of HEXS/PDF with 0.26 Å resolution to uncover the solution structure of five bimetallic CuI/RuII/OsII complexes. HEXS/PDF of each complex in acetonitrile solution confirms the pairwise distances in the local coordination sphere of each metal center as well as the metal⋅⋅⋅metal distances separated by over 12 Å. The metal⋅⋅⋅metal distance detected in solution is compared with that from the crystal structure and molecular models to confirm that distortions to the metal bridging ligand are unique to the solid state. This work presents the first example of observing sub‐Ångström conformational differences by direct comparison of solution phase and solid‐state structures and shows the potential for HEXS/PDF in the determination of solution structure of single molecules.
Exploiting Cooperative Catalysis for the On‐Surface Synthesis of Linear Heteroaromatic Polymers via Selective C–H Activation
Authors: Liu Xunshan , Matej Adam , Kratky Tim , Mendieta‐Moreno Jesús I. , Günther Sebastian , Mutombo Pingo , Decurtins Silvio , Aschauer Ulrich , Repp Jascha , Jelinek Pavel , Liu Shi‐Xia , Patera Laerte L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRegiospecific C−H activation is a promising approach to achieve extended polymers with tailored structures. While a recent on‐surface synthetic approach has enabled regioselective homocoupling of heteroaromatic molecules, only small oligomers have been achieved. Herein, selective C−H activation for dehydrogenative C−C couplings of hexaazatriphenylene by Scholl reaction is reported for the first time. By combining low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), we revealed the formation of one‐dimensional polymers with a double‐chain structure. The details of the growth process are rationalized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, pointing out a cooperative catalytic action of Na and Ag adatoms in steering the C−H selectivity for the polymerization.
Enhancement of functional properties by blending cocoon extracted Antheraea mylitta silk fibroin with polyvinyl alcohol for applications in biomedical field
Authors: Batra Radhika , Bansal Priya , Yadav Reetu , Purwar Roli , Kulanthaivel Senthilguru , Mishra Prashant 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, regenerated Antheraea mylitta silk fibroin (ASF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dissolved in formic acid were blended together in variable ratios to prepare blend films. The blend films presented homogeneous morphology with no visible phase separation as observed in scanning electron microscope (SEM). The structural analysis of blend films through fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction indicated the formation of co‐crystals due to interaction of fibroin with PVA molecular chains. The thermal properties assessed using thermogravimetric analyzer and differential scanning calorimeter supported the molecular interactions with altered thermal stability of blend films. Incorporation of PVA into ASF enhanced the mechanical properties of blend films. The water uptake capacity, biocompatibility and biodegradability were analyzed. The L929 fibroblast skin cells seeded on blend films were found to have attached the film surface and started attaining their conventional morphology after 48 h, as observed under SEM. Alamar blue assay confirmed the cytocompatibility of blend films with more than 95% cells being viable. Based on the aforementioned encouraging results, we can assert the utility of these blend films in biomedical field for tissue regeneration applications.
Maytansinol Derivatives: Side Reactions as a Chance for New Tubulin Binders
Authors: Marzullo Paola , Boiarska Zlata , Pérez‐Peña Helena , Abel Anne‐Catherine , Álvarez‐Bernad Beatriz , Lucena‐Agell Daniel , Vasile Francesca , Sironi Maurizio , Altmann Karl‐Heinz , Prota Andrea E. , Díaz J. Fernando , Pieraccini Stefano , Passarella Daniele 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMaytansinol is a valuable precursor for the preparation of maytansine derivatives (known as maytansinoids). Inspired by the intriguing structure of the macrocycle and the success in targeted cancer therapy of the derivatives, we explored the maytansinol acylation reaction. As a result, we were able to obtain a series of derivatives with novel modifications of the maytansine scaffold. We characterized these molecules by docking studies, by a comprehensive biochemical evaluation, and by determination of their crystal structures in complex with tubulin. The results shed further light on the intriguing chemical behavior of maytansinoids and confirm the relevance of this peculiar scaffold in the scenario of tubulin binders.
Absolute configuration assignment of stigmasterol oxiranes
Authors: Fuentes‐Figueroa Miguel Á. , Joseph‐Nathan Pedro , Burgueño‐Tapia Eleuterio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDiastereoisomeric stigmasterol oxiranes 4, 5, 8, and 9 are known phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) that have been evaluated for their cytotoxicity, although the results are of limited significance since, in most cases, they were evaluated as mixtures. Consequently, to establish biological activity hierarchy of these oxides, it is critical to evaluate individual pure POPs. Therefore, we now describe the obtention of individual molecules and their absolute configuration (AC) determination. The two acetylated C‐5−C‐6 oxiranes 6 and 7; the two acetylated C‐22−C‐23 oxides 10 and 11, obtained by means of Δ5 double bond protection‐deprotection; and the four C‐5−C‐6, C‐22−C‐23 diepoxystigmasteryl acetates 19–22 were now individually gained and their AC determined by vibrational circular dichroism. Vibrational modes associated with the C‐5−C‐6 and the C‐22−C‐23 bonds were identified in dioxiranes 19–22 and used to assign the AC of monoepoxides 6, 7, 10, and 11. The AC of biological active non‐acetylated molecules follows immediately. Due to the scarce spectroscopic information available for these POPs, the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of 3–22 were assigned using 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments.
Diagnosis of scar endometriosis on aspiration cytology and cellblock: Myth or reality
Authors: Varshney Bharti , Bharti Jyotsna Naresh , Satyendra Boddeda Tulasi , Singh Pratibha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEndometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. It can occur both in the pelvic and extra pelvic regions. Abdominal scar endometriosis is a rare type of extra pelvic endometriosis that occurs after surgery involving the uterus. In the post‐cesarean section, the development of scar endometriosis is a rare event and the diagnosis of scar endometriosis is usually confirmed after surgical excision and histopathological examination. We present a case of an abdominal lump in a 26‐year‐old female with a myriad of clinical differential diagnoses, which was rendered a confirmed diagnosis of scar endometriosis with the help of fine‐needle aspiration cytology and cell block aided with immunohistochemistry.
Tree genotypes affect rock lichens and understory plants: examples of trophic‐independent interactions
Authors: Reese Næsborg Rikke , Lau Matthew K. , Michalet Richard , Williams Cameron B. , Whitham Thomas G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGenetic variation in foundation tree species can strongly influence communities of trophic‐dependent organisms, such as herbivorous insects, pollinators, and mycorrhizal fungi. However, the extent and manner in which this variation results in unexpected interactions that reach trophic‐independent organisms remains poorly understood, even though these interactions are essential to understanding complex ecosystems. In pinyon–juniper woodland at Sunset Crater (Arizona, USA), we studied pinyon (Pinus edulis) that were either resistant or susceptible to stem‐boring moths (Dioryctria albovittella). Moth herbivory alters the architecture of susceptible trees, thereby modifying the microhabitat beneath their crowns. We tested the hypothesis that this interaction between herbivore and tree genotype extends to affect trophic‐independent communities of saxicolous (i.e., growing on rocks) lichens and bryophytes and vascular plants beneath their crowns. Under 30 pairs of moth‐resistant and moth‐susceptible trees, we estimated percent cover of lichens, bryophytes, and vascular plants. We also quantified the cover of leaf litter and rocks as well as light availability. Four major findings emerged. (1) Compared to moth‐resistant trees, which exhibited monopodial architecture, the microhabitat under the shrub‐like susceptible trees was 60% darker and had 21% more litter resulting in 68% less rock exposure. (2) Susceptible trees had 56% and 87% less cover, 42% and 80% less richness, and 38% and 92% less diversity of saxicolous and plant communities, respectively, compared to resistant trees. (3) Both saxicolous and plant species accumulated at a slower rate beneath susceptible trees, suggesting an environment that might inhibit colonization and/or growth. (4) Both saxicolous and plant communities were negatively affected by the habitat provided by susceptible trees. The results suggest that herbivory of moth‐susceptible trees generated litter at high enough rates to reduce rock substrate availability, thereby suppressing the saxicolous communities. However, our results did not provide a causal pathway explaining the suppression of vascular plants. Nonetheless, the cascading effects of genetic variation in pinyon appear to extend beyond trophic‐dependent moths to include trophic‐independent saxicolous and vascular plant communities that are affected by specific tree–herbivore interactions that modify the local environment. We suggest that such genetically based interactions are common in nature and contribute to the evolution of complex communities.
The influence of comorbidities on achieving an N‐terminal pro‐b‐type natriuretic peptide target: a secondary analysis of the GUIDE‐IT trial
Authors: Ezekowitz Justin A. , Alemayehu Wendimagegn , Rathwell Sarah , Grant Andrew D. , Fiuzat Mona , Whellan David J. , Ahmad Tariq , Adams Kirkwood , Piña Ileana L. , Cooper Lawton S. , Januzzi James L. , Leifer Eric S. , Mark Daniel , O'Connor Christopher M. , Felker G. Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsN‐terminal pro‐b‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) values may be influenced by patient factors beyond the severity of illness, including atrial fibrillation (AF), renal dysfunction, or increased body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized that these factors may influence the achievement of NT‐proBNP targets and clinical outcomes.MethodsA total of 894 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction were enrolled in The Guiding Evidence‐Based Therapy Using Biomarker Intensified Treatment trial. NT‐proBNP was analysed every 3 months.ResultsForty per cent of patients had AF, the median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 59 mL/min/1.73 m2 [interquartile range (IQR) 43–76], and median BMI was 29 kg/m2 (IQR 25–34). Patients with AF, eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, or a BMI < 29 kg/m2 had a higher level of NT‐proBNP at randomization and over all study visits (all P values < 0.001). Over 18 months, the rate of change of NT‐proBNP was less for patients with AF (compared with those without AF, P = 0.037) and patients with an eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (compared with eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, P < 0.001). The rate of change of NT‐proBNP was similar for patients with a BMI above or below the median value. Using the 90 day NT‐proBNP, patients with AF, lower eGFR, or lower BMI were less likely to achieve the target NT‐proBNP < 1000 pg/mL than patients without AF, higher eGFR, or higher BMI, respectively. None of these differed between the Usual Care or Guided Care arm for AF, eGFR, or BMI (Pinteractions all NS).ConclusionsPatients with AF, a lower BMI, or worse renal function are less likely to achieve a lower or target NT‐proBNP. Clinicians should be aware of these factors both when interpreting NT‐proBNP levels and making therapeutic decisions about heart failure therapies.
Thromboembolism and bleeding in systemic amyloidosis: a review
Authors: Nicol Martin , Siguret Virginie , Vergaro Giuseppe , Aimo Alberto , Emdin Michele , Dillinger Jean Guillaume , Baudet Mathilde , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Villesuzanne Camille , Harel Stephanie , Royer Bruno , Arnulf Bertrand , Logeart Damien 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe assessment of both thromboembolic and haemorrhagic risks and their management in systemic amyloidosis have been poorly emphasized so far. This narrative review summarizes main evidence from literature with clinical perspective.The rate of thromboembolic events is as high as 5–10% amyloidosis patients, at least in patients with cardiac involvement, with deleterious impact on prognosis. The most known pro‐thrombotic factors are heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and atrial myopathy. Atrial fibrillation could occur in 20% to 75% of systemic amyloidosis patients. Cardiac thrombi are frequently observed in patients, particularly in immunoglobulin light chains (AL) amyloidosis, up to 30%, and it is advised to look for them systematically before cardioversion. In AL amyloidosis, nephrotic syndrome and the use of immunomodulatory drugs also favour thrombosis. On the other hand, the bleeding risk increases because of frequent amyloid digestive involvement as well as factor X deficiency, renal failure, and increased risk of dysautonomia‐related fall.
Worsening renal function in acute heart failure in the context of diuretic response
Authors: Emmens Johanna E. , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Matsue Yuya , Figarska Sylwia M. , Sama Iziah E. , Cotter Gad , Cleland John G.F. , Davison Beth A. , Felker G. Michael , Givertz Michael M. , Greenberg Barry , Pang Peter S. , Severin Thomas , Gimpelewicz Claudio , Metra Marco , Voors Adriaan A. , Teerlink John R. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundFor patients with acute heart failure (AHF), substantial diuresis after administration of loop diuretics is generally associated with better clinical outcomes but may cause creatinine to rise, suggesting renal function decline. We investigated the interaction between diuretic response and worsening renal function (WRF) on clinical outcomes in patients with AHF.Methods and resultsIn two AHF cohorts (PROTECT, n = 1698 and RELAX‐AHF‐2, n = 5586 in current analysis), the prognostic impact of WRF (creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dl increase baseline—day 4; sensitivity analyses incorporated baseline renal function) by diuretic response (kg weight loss/40 mg furosemide equivalent baseline—day 4) was investigated with regard to (cardiovascular) death or cardiovascular/renal hospitalization using subpopulation treatment effect pattern plots (STEPP) and survival analyses. WRF occurred in 286 (16.8%) and 1031 (18.5%) patients in PROTECT and RELAX‐AHF‐2, respectively. Patients with WRF had higher left ventricular ejection fraction and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline (p < 0.05), and received higher doses of loop diuretics and had a worse diuretic response (p < 0.001). In patients with a poor diuretic response (≤0.35 kg weight loss/40 mg furosemide equivalent as identified by STEPP), WRF was associated with higher risk of (cardiovascular) death or cardiovascular/renal hospitalization (p < 0.001 both cohorts), but this was not the case for patients with a good diuretic response (p = 0.900 both cohorts).ConclusionIn two large cohorts of patients with AHF, WRF in the first 4 days was not associated with worse outcomes when patients had a good diuretic response. The occurrence of WRF in patients with AHF should therefore be considered in the context of diuretic response.
A framework for assessing impaired seismic performance as a trigger for repair
Authors: Murray Polly B. , Liel Abbie B. , Elwood Kenneth J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUncertainty about when post‐earthquake repairs are needed delays decision making, and can lead either to unnecessary demolition or repair, or to inadequate repair actions. This study proposes a framework for assessing the effect of earthquake damage on the future seismic performance of a building. In this framework, we first assess drift demands during a maximum considered earthquake (MCER) level ground motion in an undamaged building, and then compare the drift demands in the same building during the same motion when it has been damaged by a prior shaking. We assess each building for a range of prior shaking events and 15 MCER‐level motions. From these analyses, we determine the relationship between damage in the first motion—quantified as peak story drift demand—and the MCER‐level motion drift demands—quantified as the ratio of peak drift demands in the damaged building to those in the undamaged building. This trend is used to indicate the level of damage at which performance is impaired, and repair is needed due to structural safety concerns. We apply this framework to a set of single‐degree‐of‐freedom structures and reinforced concrete moment frame buildings representative of construction in the United States. The results show that code‐conforming structures do not see significant drift amplifications in the damaged building when story drifts in the damaging motion do not exceed 2%, indicating they would not require major repairs for structural safety. Structures with less deformation capacity saw larger amplifications, and were affected when story drift demands in the damaging motion were lower. We also found that stiffer structures tend to see larger amplifications of drift demands.