bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Insights into Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Toxicity and Implications for Risk Assessment: Occurrence, Genotoxicity, Toxicokinetics, Risk Assessment–A Workshop Report
Authors: Schrenk Dieter , Fahrer Jörg , Allemang Ashley , Fu Peter , Lin Ge , Mahony Catherine , Mulder Patrick P.J. , Peijnenburg Ad , Pfuhler Stefan , Rietjens Ivonne M.C.M. , Sachse Benjamin , Steinhoff Barbara , These Anja , Troutman John , Wiesner Jacqueline 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper reports on the major contributions and results of the 2nd International Workshop of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids held in September 2020 in Kaiserslautern, Germany. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are among the most relevant plant toxins contaminating food, feed, and medicinal products of plant origin. Hundreds of PA congeners with widespread occurrence are known, and thousands of plants are assumed to contain PAs. Due to certain PAsʼ pronounced liver toxicity and carcinogenicity, their occurrence in food, feed, and phytomedicines has raised serious human health concerns. This is particularly true for herbal teas, certain food supplements, honey, and certain phytomedicinal drugs. Due to the limited availability of animal data, broader use of in vitro data appears warranted to improve the risk assessment of a large number of relevant, 1,2-unsaturated PAs. This is true, for example, for the derivation of both toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic data. These efforts aim to
understand better the modes of action, uptake, metabolism, elimination, toxicity, and genotoxicity of PAs to enable a detailed dose-response analysis and ultimately quantify differing toxic potencies between relevant PAs. Accordingly, risk-limiting measures comprising production, marketing, and regulation of food, feed, and medicinal products are discussed.
Outcome-Messung familienintegrierender Versorgungsmodelle für Frühgeborene: Ein Scoping-Review
Authors: Mayer-Huber Sandra , Paulick Johannes , Pricoco Rafael 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Dieser Scoping-Review soll einen Überblick über die gesundheitsökonomische Bewertung von Behandlungseffekten familienintegrierter/familienzentrierter Versorgungsmodelle von Frühgeborenen geben. Kern der Arbeit bildet die Analyse der Verweildauer, deren Auswertungsmethoden sowie deren Beeinflussung durch Stichprobeneigenschaften. Ebenso wurden Rehospitalisierungsraten und Kostenanalysen berücksichtigt.
Methodik In einer Literaturrecherche gemäß Scoping-Review-Methodik und vordefinierten Kriterien wurden 14 Studien eingeschlossen.
Ergebnisse Mittelmaßdifferenzen und Adjustierungsverfahren zählten zu den häufigsten Analyseverfahren. Fünf Studien berichteten zudem die Rehospitalisierungsraten. Eine Beeinflussung der Effekte durch Stichprobeneigenschaften zeigte sich nicht.
Schlussfolgerung Familienintegrierte/familienzentrierte Konzepte sind vielversprechende Versorgungsansätze für Frühgeborene. Weitere gesundheitsökonomische Analysen sind notwendig, um die gesamtgesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen beurteilen zu können.
Complicated Intramural Hematoma with Medionecrosis of the Aortic Wall
Authors: Thomas Rosmi P. , Gaughan Natalie , Anderson Daniel , Schena Stefano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMedionecrosis and medial degeneration are rare complications associated with intramural hematomas (IMHs). We present a case of a 69-year-old Asian female with an IMH with medionecrosis and medial degeneration of the aortic wall. The patient underwent successful surgical intervention, and pathological findings were significant for cystic medial degeneration of the aortic wall.
Homeopathic Medicines Used as Prophylaxis in Kolkata during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Community-Based, Cluster-Randomized Trial
Authors: Mukherjee Shyamal Kumar , Ganguly Subhasish , Das Satadal , Chatterjee Kalyan Kumar , Naskar Kisor Kumar , Dey Samit , Choudhury Saptarshi , Paul Amitava , Sarkar Sasanka Sekhar , Bhattacharyya Soumya , Sengupta Sumana , Alam Sk. Monsur , Bhattacharya Pulakendu , Naskar Satyajit , Mukherjee Sudeshna , Shamim Saima , Mandal Dibyendu , Sardar Sudeshna , Sarkar Sanjib , Ray Benoy , Gole Raghubir , Dey Avijit , Bhattacharya Chanchal , Saha Subhranil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction There is some evidence that homeopathic treatment has been used successfully in previous epidemics, and currently some countries are testing homeoprophylaxis for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is a strong tradition of homeopathic treatment in India: therefore, we decided to compare three different homeopathic medicines against placebo in prevention of COVID-19 infections.
Methods In this double-blind, cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, four parallel arms, community-based, clinical trial, a 20,000-person sample of the population residing in Ward Number 57 of the Tangra area, Kolkata, was randomized in a 1:1:1:1 ratio of clusters to receive one of three homeopathic medicines (Bryonia alba 30cH, Gelsemium sempervirens 30cH, Phosphorus 30cH) or identical-looking placebo, for 3 (children) or 6 (adults) days. All the participants, who were aged 5 to 75 years, received ascorbic acid (vitamin C) tablets of 500 mg, once per day for 6 days. In addition, instructions on healthy diet and general hygienic measures, including hand washing, social distancing and proper use of mask and gloves, were given to all the participants.
Results No new confirmed COVID-19 cases were diagnosed in the target population during the follow-up timeframe of 1 month—December 20, 2020 to January 19, 2021—thus making the trial inconclusive. The Phosphorus group had the least exposure to COVID-19 compared with the other groups. In comparison with placebo, the occurrence of unconfirmed COVID-19 cases was significantly less in the Phosphorus group (week 1: odds ratio [OR], 0.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06 to 0.16; week 2: OR, 0.004; 95% CI, 0.0002 to 0.06; week 3: OR, 0.007; 95% CI, 0.0004 to 0.11; week 4: OR, 0.009; 95% CI, 0.0006 to 0.14), but not in the Bryonia or Gelsemium groups.
Conclusion Overall, the trial was inconclusive. The possible effect exerted by Phosphorus necessitates further investigation.
Trial registration: CTRI/2020/11/029265.
The Role of the Smartphone in the Diagnosis of Vestibular Hypofunction: A Clinical Strategy for Teleconsultation during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond
Authors: Barreto Renato Gonzaga , Yacovino Darío Andrés , Cherchi Marcello , Nader Saulo Nardy , Teixeira Lázaro Juliano , Silva Delice Alves da , Verdecchia Daniel Hector 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction Vestibular disorders (VDs) are highly prevalent in primary care. Although in general they comprise conditions that are not life-threatening, they are associated with significant functional and physical disability. However, the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed limitations on the standard treatment of benign conditions, including VDs. In this context, other resources may aid in the diagnosis and management of patients with VDs. It is well known that teleconsultation and teletreatment are both safe and effective alternatives to manage a variety of conditions, and we maintain that VDs should be among these.
Objective To develop a preliminary model of clinical guidelines for the evaluation by teleconsultation of patients with suspected diagnosis of vestibular hypofunction during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Methods A bibliographic review of the diagnostic feasibility in VDs by teleconsultation was carried out in the LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases; books and specialized websites were also consulted. The legal, regulatory, and technical issues involving digital consultations were reviewed.
Results We found 6 field studies published between 1990 and 2020 in which the efficiency of teleconsultations was observed in the contexts of epidemics and environmental disorders and disadvantageous geographical conditions. After reviewing them, we proposed a strategy to examine and address vestibular complaints related to vestibular hypofunction.
Conclusion The creation of a digital vestibular management algorithm for the identification, counseling, initial intervention, monitoring and targeting of people with possible vestibular hypofunction seems to be feasible, and it will provide a reasonable alternative to in-person evaluations during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Ear, Nose, and Throat Practice Guidelines: An Update for COVID-19
Authors: Kapoor Sahil , Gupta Ayushi , Saidha Poonam Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroduction Amidst another wave of COVID-19, the alarming number of cases per day in India has affected the healthcare system and professionals tremendously. As the disease burden continues to increase, ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists remain at high risk of exposure to this aerosol borne virus. This requires the creation and regulation of protocols for conducting routine clinical practice, especially by ENT specialists.Objectives To review the available literature and to propose strategies and recommendations for ENT practitioners to conduct their regular practice amidst this pandemic.Data synthesis A systematic review of the available literature on ENT practice during the COVID-19 pandemic was done. Out of the many protocols proposed in various studies, the most practical and feasible ones that could be adopted by practicing ENT doctors/ surgeons in the long run were selected. Adequate precautions and use of high level of personal protective equipment (PPE) is required to be adopted by all practicing ENT doctors. Use of teleconsultation has been promoted as it limits face-to-face exposure. Proper guidelines should be followed for both emergency and elective surgeries. Endoscopy can be used as a safe and useful tool for ENT examination.Conclusion As practicing otorhinolaryngologists, it is of utmost importance that we take all necessary precautions and adopt safety measures in our clinical practice while conducting out patient department (OPD) consultations, operative procedures, and emergency care to protect our patients, ourselves, and other healthcare staff during this time.
“Don’t confuse me with facts”—how right wing populism affects trust in agencies advocating anthropogenic climate change as a reality
Authors: Krange Olve , Kaltenborn Bjørn P. , Hultman Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEveryday public denial of anthropogenically caused climate change (ACC) has complex antecedents and exists on both individual and institutional levels. Earlier research has linked ACC denial to opposition to formal science and elites, perceived threats to the industrialist capitalist order and existing system properties. Research also suggest that trust in public organizations is a key factor in determining support or opposition to climate change policies. In this paper, we explore the possibility that right wing populism and anti-elitist attitudes fuel both ACC denial and low trust in environmental institutions. We surveyed a representative sample of Norwegians (N = 3032) to measure ACC denial, how denial is linked to socio-demographic characteristics, trust in environmental institutions, attitudes toward elites and immigration, as well as environmental attitude orientations. Results show that lack of trust in environmental institutions is strongly associated with ACC denial, and furthermore that the degree of trust—or lack thereof—is partly a function of anti-elitist attitudes, opposition to migration and views of nature.
Power spectra reveal distinct BOLD resting-state time courses in white matter
Authors: Li Muwei , Gao Yurui , Ding Zhaohua , Gore John C. 
Published: October 2021

Significance
This work reports our discoveries on the power spectra of functional MRI signals in white matter under resting state. Interestingly, the unique and repeatable features in the power spectra we observed are consistently found to coincide with locations of particular structural organizations in deep white matter. Close scrutiny into the functional signal profiles reveals distinct hemodynamic responses in these locations, which reflects unique neurovascular and anatomical configurations therein. Findings from this work add to the existing understanding of blood-oxygen-level–dependent changes during resting state and reveal a strong structural-vascular-functional association in white matter.
Mammalian face as an evolutionary novelty
Authors: Higashiyama Hiroki , Koyabu Daisuke , Hirasawa Tatsuya , Werneburg Ingmar , Kuratani Shigeru , Kurihara Hiroki 
Published: October 2021

Significance
The anatomical framework of the jaw has traditionally been thought to be highly conserved among vertebrates. However, here we show that the therian-unique face (muzzle) evolved via a drastic alteration of the common pattern of the tetrapod jaw. Through comparative morphological and developmental analyses, we demonstrated that the therian mammal’s premaxilla (rostral-most upper jawbone) is derived from the maxillary prominence of the mandibular arch. The developmental primordium that produces the premaxilla in nonmammalian tetrapods rarely contributes to the upper jaw in therian mammals but rather forms a motile nose. We propose that these previously unrecognized rearrangements allowed key innovations such as the highly sensitive tactile perception and olfactory function in mammalian evolution.
Phase separation in the outer membrane of
Escherichia coli
Authors: Benn Georgina , Mikheyeva Irina V. , Inns Patrick George , Forster Joel C. , Ojkic Nikola , Bortolini Christian , Ryadnov Maxim G. , Kleanthous Colin , Silhavy Thomas J. , Hoogenboom Bart W. 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Antimicrobial resistance is particularly prevalent in gram-negative bacteria, as antibiotics that act inside the cells must overcome their outer membrane. So far, technical limitations have prevented us from determining how outer-membrane proteins and lipids are organized to form this functional barrier. Here, we use nanoscale imaging of live bacteria to reveal that the most abundant outer-membrane proteins form a network that spans the entire bacterial surface, leaving only small gaps of phase-separated lipopolysaccharide. This tendency to phase separate is further emphasized by the formation of new domains when phospholipids are mislocated at the surface, rendering cells more susceptible to some antibiotics. Overall, the phase-separated nature of the outer membrane defines a perspective on its integrity and barrier function.
The [有yǒu+ vp] construction in Singapore Mandarin
Authors: Teo Ming Chew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs a result of contact between mutually unintelligible Southern Chinese varieties like Hokkien and Cantonese, Colloquial Singapore Mandarin (csm)有yǒu‘have’ has extended its semantic functions to include that of realis modality marker. This paper will demonstrate how a framework of ambiguity and semantic continuity can allow us to determine the associative links between different synchronous functions of the有yǒu‘have’ construction. The ambiguous context that links the existential and realis modality functions of有yǒu‘have’ is [没有méi yǒu‘not have’ +vp]. This ambiguous context allows有yǒu‘have’ to be reanalyzed as a realis modality marker withméi‘not’ as the negator. Additionally, the semantic continuity between the existential and realis modality marker functions further confirms such an association. While [yǒu+np] affirms the existence of someone or something, [yǒu+vp] affirms the existence of an event.
(Neo)liberalizing the state – Privatization of core government competencies
Authors: Scherling Johannes 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
For a few decades now and most prominently promoted by the US, neoliberal economics have been on the rise,
epitomized in recent austerity policies with regard to countries that have met financial trouble. In particular the drive for
privatization of core public services relating to basic human needs, such as water, social services or pensions, has been
increasingly criticized because of a perceived incompatibility between the profit motive and social solidarity. This article uses
a corpus-based analysis of the discourse on privatization in the US of proponents supporting, respectively opposing it, with an overall
corpus size of about 230,000 tokens. It examines how the two groups conceptualize privatization differently and which strategies
are applied to fore- or background particular aspects of it.
Painting the state in the text
Authors: Oji Ruth Karachi Benson 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Literary works across cultures are never written in a vacuum. They depict the reality of the society where they
are set. With the societal obligation of the writers to serve as righters, especially in Africa, this study attempts a pragmatic
inquiry of the state of the Nigerian society as implicitly and artistically painted in Remi Raji’s poetry collection, A
Harvest of Laughters. The known literature on Remi Raji’s A Harvest of Laughters have analysed the
collection mainly from literary and ideological perspectives. Attention has not been given to the collection from a pragmatic
perspective, hence the intervention of this study. Drawing insights from Jacob Mey’s Pragmatic Acts Theory, the study analyses the
pragmatic imports in the collection with fourteen (14) randomly selected excerpts across different segments of the collection
constituting the data. Data was purposively selected from different poems in the collection. The findings show that the two major
discursive issues in the text are the depiction of the government as cruel and the portrayal of the citizenry as victims. The
former was conveyed through the practs of oppressing, embezzling and deceiving, while the latter was revealed through the practs
of suffering and hoping. The study concludes that pragmatics is a valuable tool in the demystification of texts.
Fabrication and characterization of annular-shaped piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer mounted with Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-based monocrystalline thin film
Authors: Liu Ziyi , Yoshida Shinya , Tanaka Shuji 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, we proposed an annular-shaped piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) based on a Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-based monocrystalline thin film. This pMUT is expected to increase the resonance frequency while maintaining displacement sensitivity, making it superior to an island-shaped pMUT, which is a conventional design. To demonstrate the validity of this assumption, annular- and island-shaped pMUTs with a 60 μm-diameter diaphragm were prototyped and characterized. As a result, the annular-shaped pMUT exhibited a resonance frequency of 11.9 MHz, a static displacement sensitivity of 2.35 nm V−1 and a transmitting figure-of-merit (FOM) of 28 nm MHz V−1. On the other hand, the island-shaped pMUT exhibited a resonance frequency of 9.6 MHz and a static displacement of 2.5 nm V−1 and an FOM of 24 nm MHz V−1. Therefore, the annular-shaped pMUT was experimentally demonstrated to provide a higher FOM compared to the island-shaped pMUT. In addition, the annular-shaped pMUT with the optimal dimensions is found to be able to keep a relatively large fabrication margin. This is an advantageous point for the practical device fabrication. We believe this design has a potential to become a standard design for high-performance pMUT devices.
Numerical simulations of 22% efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cell utilizing lead-free and low lead content halide perovskites
Authors: Pandey Rahul , Sharma Sakshi , Madan Jaya , Sharma Rajnish 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lead-free or low lead content perovskite materials are explored in photovoltaic (PV) devices to mitigate the challenges of toxic lead-based halides. However, the conversion efficiency from such materials is far below compared to its counterparts. Therefore, to make a humble contribution in the development of lead-free or low lead content perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for future thin-film PV technology, a simulation study of tin (Sn) and Pb mixed halide (MAPb0.5Sn0.5I3, 1.22 eV) PSC is carried out in this manuscript. The device is further optimized in terms of transport layer and thickness variation to get 15.1% conversion efficiency. Moreover, the optimized narrow bandgap halide based device is further deployed in the monolithic tandem configuration with lead-free wide bandgap (1.82 eV) halide, i.e. Cs2AgBi0.75Sb0.25Br6, 1.82 eV (WBH) PSC, to mitigate the thermalization as well as transparent E
g losses. Filtered spectrum, current matching, and construction of tandem J–V curve at the current matching point are utilized to design the tandem solar cell under consideration. Tandem device delivered short current density, J
SC (15.21 mA cm−2), open-circuit voltage, V
OC (1.95 V), fill factor, FF (74.09%) and power conversion efficiency, PCE (21.97%). The performance of the devices considered in this work is found to be in good approximation with experimental work.
A theoretical model of a flexible capacitive pressure sensor with microstructured electrodes for highly sensitive electronic skin
Authors: Yang Weidong , Ding Wenxuan , Liu Menglong , Yang Jun , Li Mao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin) has attracted much attention in smart wearables, prosthetics, and robotics. Capacitive-type pressure sensors are generally regarded as a good option for designing tactile sensing devices owing to their superior sensitivity in low-pressure regions, fast response time, and convenient manufacturing. Introducing microstructures on the electrode surface is an effective approach to achieve highly sensitive capacitive pressure sensors. In this work, an electromechanical model is proposed to build the relationship between capacitance change and compressive force. The present model can predict the sensitivity of the capacitive pressure sensor with microstructured electrodes, where each cellular microstructure is modeled using contact mechanics theory. It is the first time in the literature that, based on the Hertz theory framework, a rigorous electromechanical theory framework is established to model a flexible capacitive pressure sensor. In addition, the model can be extended to other microstructures, such as micro-pyramid, micro-pillar, and micro-dome array. The validation indicates that the analytical results agree well with the experimental data from our previous work and other literature. Moreover, the present model can effectively capture the sensitivity of the pressure sensor in the beginning range of small pressure. Sensitivity in this range is the most significant for the e-skin due to its robust linearity for a pressure sensor. Besides, we analyzed the compressive force–displacement relationship, the compressive force–contact radius relationship, and the influences of the geometrical and material parameters on the electromechanical coupling effect. The results show that the height and the Young’s modulus of the soft dielectric layer are regarded as the dominant influencing factors in the sensitivity of capacitive pressure sensors.
Technology computer aided design based deep level transient spectra: simulation of high-purity germanium crystals
Authors: Lauwaert Johan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Very often deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) specimens deviate from ideal textbook examples, making the interpretation of spectra a huge challenge. This challenge introduces inaccurate estimates of emission signatures and the lack of appropriate estimates for the concentrations of the observed trap levels. In this work it is shown with the example of high-purity germanium that technology computer aided design including symbolic differentiation provides the necessary numerical stability over a wide temperature range to model DLTS spectra. Moreover high-purity germanium is a quasi intrinsic semiconductor for which it is well-known that original small signal theory can introduce strong errors. It is furthermore shown that the parasitic impact of fractional filling and high resistivity material can be modelled and that these modelled spectra can in the future assist the interpretation of experimental results.