bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI SIKAP JUJUR TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN FIQIH TENTANG HUDUD DI KELAS XI IIK 1 DI MAN 1 JOMBANG
Authors: Syarifah Divya Nisausy , Hakim al-Ghozali M. Dzkril , Roziqin M. Khoirur 
Published: July 2021

The research was conducted aimed to find out how much honest attitude that has been applied in Fiqh learning about hudud in class XI IIK 1. This research method uses field research, which is qualitative in nature, namely the research data procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of words written or oral statements from teachers and students tend to be analysis. The results of the study are first, Implementation of Learning in Class XI IIK 1. Second Learning of Jurisprudence in Hudud in Class XI IIK 1. Third Learning of Jurisprudence About Hudud in Class XI IIK 1. Honest attitude that must be applied by students in the learning about hudud namely students must always be honest in answering questions from the teacher and it has been applied as described, when the teacher gives questions students are required to answer questions with each answer without cheating answers from friends. It is very clear to say that the application or implementation of an honest attitude has been applied in learning in the classroom, meaning that the application of an honest attitude in students of class XI IIK 1 has grown and formed well in the study of jurisprudence about hudud.

Keywords:Learning Implementation,Honest attitude, Fiqih Learning about Hudud.

ABSTRAK
Penelitian dilakuan bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar sikap jujur yang telah diterapkan dalam pembelajaran Fiqih tentang hudud pada kelas XI IIK 1. Metodepenelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian lapangan (field research), yang sifatnya kualitatif, yakni prosedur data penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari para guru dan siswa cenderung analisis. Hasil penelitian yang di dapat yaitu pertama,Implementasi Pembelajaran di Kelas XI IIK 1.Kedua Pembelajaran Fiqih Tentang Hudud di Kelas XI IIK 1. Ketiga Pembelajaran Fiqih Tentang Hudud di Kelas XI IIK 1. Sikap jujur yang harus di terapkan oleh siswa dalam pembelajaran tentang hudud yaitu siswa harus selalu berkata jujur dalam menjawab pertanyaan dari guru dan itu sudah diterapkan seperti yang sudah dipaparkan, ketika guru memberi soal-soal siswa dituntut untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan dengan jawaban masing-masing tanpa menyontek jawaban dari teman. Sangat jelas dikatakan bahwa penerapan atau implementasi sikap jujur sudah diterapkan dalam pembelajaran di kelas, artinya penerapan sikap jujur pada diri siswa kelas XI IIK 1 sudah tumbuh dan terbentuk dengan baik dalam pembelajaran fiqih tentang hudud.

Kata Kunci:Implementasi Pembelajaran,Sikap Jujur, Pembelajaran Fiqih tentang Hudud.
ANALISIS STABILITAS LERENG TAMBANG BATUBARA TERBUKA DI BANKO TENGAH SUBAN JERIJI
Authors: Patinsyah Ori , Yusa Muhammad , Wibisono Gunawan 
Published: July 2021

Batubara merupakan salah satu bahan bakar yang sangat penting untuk keberlangsungan mesin bertenaga uap, baik itu pembangkit listrik maupun mesin industri. Selain itu, aktivitas penambangan yang aman sangat penting dalam proses penambangan, sehubung dengan pentingnya hal tersebut maka perlu dilakukan analisis stabilitas lereng dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan lereng yang aman pada penambang agar kegiatan penambangan dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah dengan dibantu program Geoslope 2018 dimana pada analisis stabilitas akan dilakukan pada 3 lereng yaitu, lereng tunggal, lereng inter-ramp dan lereng keseluruhan. Hasil analisis stabilitas yang dilakukan pada lereng tunggal diperoleh, angka keamanan pada lapisan overburden D 1.606, untuk lapisan seam D angka keamanan yang diperoleh adalah 2.045, pada lapisan interburden D-E perolehan angka keamanan sebesar 1.397, pada lapisan seam E dari hasil analisis diperoleh angka keamanan 1.333, dan untuk lapisan underburden E hasil analisis lereng tunggal yang telah dilakukan diperoleh angka keamanan 1,396. Untuk analisi stabilitas lereng inter-ramp, angka keamanan pada lereng ramp 1 sebesar 2,194, pada lereng ramp 2 sebesar 1,260 dan pada lereng ramp 3 sebesar 1,191. Sehingga, dari analisis stabilitas lereng tunggal dan lereng inter-ramp dapat didesain dan dianalisis stabilitas lereng keseluruhan dan diperoleh angka keamanan sebesar 1.124 dengan kemiringan lereng tersebut adalah 15o pada kedalaman 200 m.
Ley Orgánica de Defensa del Consumidor y el Marketing Digital
Authors: Albán Trujillo Paola Estefanía , Carrasco Lara Gabriela Paola , Yánez Cuadrado Susana Alexandra 
Published: July 2021

Introducción. La Ley Orgánica de Defensa del Consumidor establece el derecho de protección al consumidor que nace ante la necesidad de solucionar los problemas que representa el consumo moderno frente al marketing digital en la comercialización de productos y servicios a través de tiendas online ubicadas en plataformas digitales. Es de gran interés para los consumidores conocer la veracidad y transparencia de la información y con ello el apego a la efectividad de la normativa plasmada en la publicidad a través de lo que se menciona como características, términos y condiciones de comercialización. Objetivo. En tal sentido el objetivo de la presente investigación es, examinar medidas de comercialización aplicadas al marketing digital, los medios digitales utilizados para el comercio y la efectividad de la Ley Orgánica de Defensa del Consumidor. Metodología. Esta investigación se enmarca en un enfoque metodológico de análisis histórico, teórico jurídico y jurídico comparado, con un diseño y nivel de la investigación no experimental y bibliográfico documental respectivamente. El análisis se orientó en los principales medios digitales seleccionados para la comercialización de productos y servicios, identificando ventajas de cliente y empresa – B2C (Business-to-Consumer) en el que las organizaciones enfocan sus productos y servicios al cliente/consumidor final; así también en la norma que regula las relaciones consumidor – proveedor. Resultados. La investigación permitió conocer los medios sociales más utilizados para el comercio digital, inferir que existe un gran número de consumidores que son objeto de marketing engañoso. Conclusión. Se concluyó que, en el Ecuador, la Ley Orgánica de Defensa del Consumidor, protege a los consumidores y sanciona a los proveedores de productos o servicios que incumplen su oferta lo que permite demostrar que la norma legal es efectiva.
Pattern of diseases among Bangladeshi Hajj Pilgrimsin Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Amin Md Nurul , Islam Md Rafiqul , Islam Md Rafiqul 
Published: July 2021

Background & objective: Each year millions of Muslims embark on a religious pilgrimage called the “Hajj” to Mecca in Saudi Arabia. The mass migration during the Hajj is unparalleled in scale, and pilgrims face numerous health hazards. Performing the tasks of pilgrimage is stressful and laborious and as such requires immense mental and physical fitness on the part of the pilgrims. But a substantial proportion of the pilgrims lack it. Besides, the hot and dry environment and untold overcrowding predispose them to the risk of many communicable diseases. The present study, was therefore, intended to find the pattern of diseases among Bangladeshi Hajj pilgrims at Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on Bangladeshi Hazz pilgrims in Mecca Saudi Arabia over a period of 1 month from mid-September to mid-October, 2015. A total of 710 pilgrims (18 or > 18 years) attending at Bangladeshi Hazz Medical Center (BHMC) in Mecca, Saudi Arabia during the period were consecutively included in the study after having voluntary verbal consent obtained from them. Diseases were diagnosed mainly on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms with provision of only random and fasting blood sugar estimation and ECG. The diagnosed diseases were grouped into major and minor problems or conditions and were treated as out-patient basis.
Result: In the present study upper middle-aged (50 – 60 years) and elderly (≥ 60 years) pilgrims together formed nearly 73% of the patients with mean age of the patients being 56 years. Males were a bit higher than the females with male-female ratio being roughly 11:9. The study demonstrated that the commonest cause of out-patient visit was respiratory illness (41.2%) followed by diabetes (17.2%), peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (11.7%) and cardiovascular diseases (10.7%)(which included hypertension, new onset ischemia or exacerbation of preexisting ischemic heart diseases). A few (3.2%) of the patients presented with diarrhoeal diseases (loose motion or dysentery). Other minor ailments were allergy or dermatitis, insomnia, paronychia, anxiety, UTI, hemorrhoids, epistaxis, glossitis, oral ulcer, earache, conjunctivitis, worm infestation, spot bleeding etc., accounting for 4.8% of the patients.
Conclusion: The study concluded that respiratory illness is the most common health problems among pilgrims visiting to Mecca, Saudi Arabia followed by diabetes, PUD and cardio-vascular diseases. The pilgrims should be educated in their home country before starting for pilgrimage as how to maintain their health in their new and challenging environment and Bangladesh Hazz Mission in Mecca should ensure enough medical support to them.
Ibrahim Card Med J 2020; 10 (1&2): 96-101
Malignancy in Clinically Non-toxic Multinodular Goiter
Authors: Ali Mohd Shahjahan , Sarkar Md Habibullah , Hossain Syeda Momena 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Goiter is a common form of thyroid swelling among population living in areas of iodine deficiency. Of the goiters, non-toxic multinodular goiter (MNG) is the most common and benign form of thyroid disease. However, studies have shown that long-standing MNGs may harbour malignancy. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to ascertain the prevalence of malignancy in clinically diagnosed non-toxic MNGs.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Surgery (all four-units) and ENT Department, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi from July 2007 to June 2008 on 100 patients of clinically non-toxic MNG who underwent thyroid surgery. Biopsy materials were taken from the excised nodules and were sent for histopathological examination to see what proportion of them harboured malignancy.
Result: The findings of the study showed that 40% of patients were 30-40 years old with mean age of the patients being 35.5 ± 10.1 (range: 14-75) years. Majority (87%) of the patients was female. Half of the patients with non-toxic MNGs had a history of thyroid swelling for 1-5 years and the rest half for > 5 years with median duration of illness being 5.5 years (range: 1-30 years). Of the 100 patients 4% had stridor and 6% dyspnoea; dysphagia and cervical lymphadenopathy each was 6%. Nearly 60% of the patients had goiter of size 15 sq-cm or below. Sub-total thyroidectomy was the most common operation performed (33%) followed by right hemi-thyroidectomy (24%), near total thyroidectomy (20%), left hemi-thyroidectomy (18%) and total thyroidectomy (5%). Histopathological examination of resected specimens revealed that 15% of the MNGs had malignancy with papillary to follicular carcinoma ratio being 4:1. Histopathological typing showed that 79% was simple MNGs, 4% follicular adenoma, 12% papillary carcinoma, 3% follicular carcinoma and 2% chronic thyroiditis. Neither age nor sex was found to be associated with presence of malignancies in MNGs (p = 0.865 and p = 0.647 respectively). The goiter-size was also not associated with presence of malignancies (p = 0.691). However, the mean duration of thyroid swelling in patients who had malignancy was much higher (8.5 years) than that in patients who did not haveany malignancy (5.7 years) (p = 0.024).
Conclusion: The study concluded that a small proportion of long-standing non-toxic MNGs may turn into malignancy. Therefore, routine operative treatment without confirming that the cases are malignant does not seem to be justified.
Ibrahim Card Med J 2020; 10 (1&2): 84-88
Effect of Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hasan Md Sharif , Hamid Abdul , Rahman Ahsan Habibur , Amin Nurul , Ahmed Tanvir , Wadud Arman E 
Published: July 2021

Background & objective : Myocardial revascularization in diabetic patients is challenging. Off pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery has been widely used for the treatment of coronary artery disease. The goal of this study was to compare outcomes of OPCAB in diabetic patients relative to non diabetic patients.
Methods:The present prospective study was conducted between January 2014 to June 2017. During the period a total of 193 patients (of whom 70 had diabetes and 123 patients were non-diabetics) were included in the study. All of them underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) without cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. The early clinical outcomes of OPCAB were evaluated during the postoperative hospital stay.
Result: Over three-quarters of the patients in both diabetic and non-diabetic groups were ≥ 50 years old with no significant intergroup difference (p = 0.825). Majority(90%) of the patients in either group was male (p = 0.786). Nearly half (48.5%) of the patients in diabetic and 45% in non-diabetic group were overweight or obese (p = 0.557). The smokers weremuch higher in non-diabetic group than that in the diabetics (p = 0.009). The average number of grafts needed was considerably higher in the diabetic group (p = 0.079). All the postoperative outcome variables like pneumonia, stroke, arrhythmia, renal failure requiring dialysis and postoperative mortality in both the groups were almost identical (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Off-pump coronary artery bypassis the preferred choice of revascularization for multi-vessel coronary artery disease in diabetic patients. However, continuous, strict glycemic control is essential to have a good postoperative outcome.
Ibrahim Card Med J 2018; 8 (1&2): 10-16
State of Working Slum Children in Dhaka City
Authors: Amin Md Nurul , Farah Shayela , Karim Mohoshina , Rahman Farhana , Islam Shitil Ibna 
Published: July 2021

Background & objective: Rapid urbanisation in the 20th century has been accompanied by the development of slums. Nearly one-third of the world’s population and > 60% of urban populations in the least developed countries including hundreds of millions of children live in slums. Slums are areas of broad social and health disadvantage to children and their families due to extreme poverty, overcrowding, poor water quality and sanitation, substandard housing, limited access to basic health and education services. The objective of this study was to assess the demographic and nutritional status of working slum children in Dhaka city.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Moghbazar slum, situated in Dhaka city from July to December, 2013. A total of 200 slum children aged 6 to18 years whose parents’ (either father or mother) voluntarily consented to allow their children participate in the study.
Result: Out of 200 slum children, 57(28.5%) were in the age group of 12-14 years, among them 110(55.0%) were male. More than 50% never attended any kinds of formal school. Forty five percent children lived with their parents. Over half (26%) of the slum children were engaged in beggary, 23% were van/rickshaw puller, 22% were rag-picker (Tokai), 10% were cooli. Three-quarters of the children had medium work-load and 80% did 5-8 hours work per day sixty percent of the children had monthly income of Taka 1000-1500. In terms of BMI, one-third (33.5%) was severely under-nourished, 55% were of normal BMI and 11.5% were overweight and obese.
Conclusion: The study presented a gloomy picture (in terms of nutritional status) of working children in a selected slum within Dhaka city. Therefore, health related programmes should focus to improve the overall wellbeing of the working slum children.
Ibrahim Card Med J 2019; 9 (1&2): 49-53
Plasma Purification Treatment Relieves the Damage of Hyperlipidemia to PBMCs
Authors: Zhang Xiao Meng , Gu Yan Hong , Deng Hao , Xu Zheng Quan , Zhong Ze Yuan , Lyu Xia Jie , Jin Hui Min , Yang Xiu Hong 
Published: July 2021

Background: Hyperlipidemia {hypercholesterolemia [cholesterol &gt;5.18 mmol/L) or hypertriglyceridemia [triglycerides &gt;2.3 mmol/L], mixed hyperlipidemia [cholesterol &gt;5.18 mmol/L and triglycerides &gt;2.3 mmol/L], and high low-density lipoproteinemia [low-density lipoprotein (LDL) &gt;3.4 mmol/L]} is a strong risk factor for arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therapy with lipid-lowering drugs often results in many side effects. Our study aimed to investigate the potential effects of non-drug therapy with double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) on lipid metabolism-, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-, and apoptosis-related proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and after lipid clearance in patients with hyperlipidemia.Methods: Thirty-five hyperlipidemia patients were selected. Proteins related to lipid metabolism [CD36, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), and LDL receptor], ER stress [glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (EIF2α)], and apoptosis [B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3)] were assayed by Western blot, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry (FCM), and ELISA detected serum inflammatory [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)] factors.Results: Compared with their pre-DFPP values, the values of most lipid metabolic parameters, such as cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, lipoprotein a [Lp(a)], and small dense LDL (sdLDL) cholesterol, were reduced after DFPP. DFPP was associated with the downregulation of proteins related to lipid metabolism, ER stress, and apoptosis, resulting in decreased ROS and serum inflammatory factor release.Conclusion: DFPP has lipid-lowering activity and can also regulate lipid metabolism-, ER stress-, and apoptosis-related proteins in PBMCs and reduce the levels of inflammatory factors in patients with hyperlipidemia (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT03491956).
Effect of Dosage Reduction of Hypoglycemic Multidrug Regimens on the Incidences of Acute Glycemic Complications in People With Type 2 Diabetes Who Fast During Ramaḍān: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zaghlol Louay Y. , Beirat Amir F. , Amarin Justin Z. , Hassoun Al Najar Amro M. , Hasan Yazan Y. , Qtaishat Abdallah , Tierney Michael E. , Zaghlol Raja Y. , Zayed Ayman A. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the effect of dosage reduction of four hypoglycemic multidrug regimens on the incidences of acute glycemic complications in people with type 2 diabetes who fast during Ramaḍān.MethodsWe conducted an open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial at a tertiary care center in Amman, Jordan. We recruited adults with type 2 diabetes who expressed an intention to fast during Ramaḍān and were adherent to one of four regimens—namely: metformin and glimepiride; metformin and vildagliptin; metformin and insulin glargine U100; or, metformin, insulin glargine U100, and human regular insulin. We randomly assigned participants in a 2:1 ratio to low- or regular-dosage therapy. The primary outcomes were the incidences of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia during the 29 days of Ramaḍān 2017, and the secondary outcomes were the incidences of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state during the same period.ResultsWe randomly assigned 687 participants to low-dosage therapy (n = 458) or regular-dosage therapy (n = 229) and included 678 (452 and 226, respectively) in the final analysis. The incidence of hypoglycemia was lower in the low-dosage group compared with the regular-dosage group (19 [4.2%] vs. 52 [23.0%], respectively; OR, 0.15 [95% CI, 0.08–0.26]; P &lt; 0.001). The incidence of hyperglycemia did not differ between the low- and regular-dosage groups (319 [70.6%] vs. 154 [68.1%], respectively; OR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.79–1.58]; P = 0.5). No participants experienced diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Each 1% decrease in the baseline HbA1c concentration was associated with a 19.9-fold (95% CI, 9.6–41.5; P &lt; 0.001) increase in the odds of hypoglycemia, and each 1% increase in the baseline HbA1c concentration was associated with a 15.7-fold (95% CI, 10.0–24.6; P &lt; 0.001) increase in the odds of hyperglycemia.ConclusionDosage reduction decreases the incidence of hypoglycemia without a concomitant increase in the incidences of hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in people with type 2 diabetes who fast during Ramaḍān.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04237493.
Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Inhibition in Chronic Kidney Disease: A New Therapeutic Toolbox
Authors: Dao Myriam , François Helene 
Published: July 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) concerns millions of individuals worldwide, with few therapeutic strategies available to date. Recent evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) could be a new therapeutic target to prevent CKD. ECS combines receptors, cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R), and ligands. The most prominent receptor within the kidney is CB1R, its endogenous local ligands being anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Therefore, the present review focuses on the therapeutic potential of CB1R and not CB2R. In the normal kidney, CB1R is expressed in many cell types, especially in the vasculature where it contributes to the regulation of renal hemodynamics. CB1R could also participate to water and sodium balance and to blood pressure regulation but its precise role remains to decipher. CB1R promotes renal fibrosis in both metabolic and non-metabolic nephropathies. In metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes, CB1R inhibition not only improves metabolic parameters, but also exerts a direct role in preventing renal fibrosis. In non-metabolic nephropathies, its inhibition reduces the development of renal fibrosis. There is a growing interest of the industry to develop new CB1R antagonists without central nervous side-effects. Experimental data on renal fibrosis are encouraging and some molecules are currently under early-stage clinical phases (phases I and IIa studies). In the present review, we will first describe the role of the endocannabinoid receptors, especially CB1R, in renal physiology. We will next explore the role of endocannabinoid receptors in both metabolic and non-metabolic CKD and renal fibrosis. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic potential of CB1R inhibition using the new pharmacological approaches. Overall, the new pharmacological blockers of CB1R could provide an additional therapeutic toolbox in the management of CKD and renal fibrosis from both metabolic and non-metabolic origin.