bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer of correlations from photons to electron excitations and currents induced in semiconductor quantum wells by non-classical twisted light
Authors: Tikhonova Olga V , Voronina Ekaterina N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper the excitations of collective electronic modes and currents induced in nanostructured semiconductor systems by two-mode quantum light with non-zero orbital angular momenta are investigated. Transfer of photon correlations to the excitations and currents induced in the semiconductor system is demonstrated. Birth of correlated electrons arising in the conduction band of the nanostructure due to the interaction with correlated photons of quantum light is found. Azimuthal and radial spatial distributions of the entangled electrons are established. The obtained results make possible to register the correlated electrons experimentally and to implement quantum information and nanoelectronics circuits in nanosystems using the found azimuthal and radial electron entanglement.
Fabrication of junction-free Cu nanowire networks via Ru-catalyzed electroless deposition and their application to transparent conducting electrodes
Authors: Song Jinkyu , Kim Mee-Ree , Kim Youngtae , Seo Darae , Ha Kyungryul , Song Tae-Eun , Lee Wan-Gyu , Lee Yonghee , Kim Ki-Chul , Ahn Chi Won , Han Hee 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Over the past few years, metal nanowire networks have attracted attention as an alternative to transparent conducting oxide materials such as indium tin oxide for transparent conducting electrode applications. Recently, electrodeposition of metal on nanoscale template is widely used for formation of metal network. In the present work, junctionless Cu nanowire networks were simply fabricated on a substrate by forming a nanostructured Ru with 80 nm width as a seed layer, followed by direct electroless deposition of Cu. By controlling the density of Ru nanowires or the electroless deposition time, we readily achieve desired transmittance and sheet resistance values ranging from ∼1 kΩ sq−1 at 99% to 9 Ω sq−1 at 89%. After being transferred to flexible substrates, the nanowire networks exhibited no obvious increase in resistance during 8000 cycles of a bending test to a radius of 2.5 mm. The durability was verified by evaluation of its heating performance. The maximum temperature was greater than 180 °C at 3 V and remained constant after three repeated cycles and for 10 min. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction studies revealed that the adhesion between the electrolessly deposited Cu and the seed Ru nanowires strongly influenced the durability of the core–shell structured nanowire-based heaters.
Selectively triggering photoelectrons for CO2 to CH4 reduction over SrTiO3 {110} facet with dual-metal sites
Authors: Lu Lei , Zhu Xiaopeng , Wang Shaomang , Li Taozhu , Yan Shicheng , Zou Zhigang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this article, the roles of surface-active sites in dominating photoelectron selectivity for CO2 reduction products are well demonstrated over photocatalyst models of SrTiO3 {100} and {110} facets. On the easily exposed {100} facets terminated with Sr-O atoms, photoelectrons are of 8 mol % for CH4 and 92 mol % for CO generation. The Sr-O-Ti configuration in the {110} facets could enrich the surface charge density due to the lower interface resistance for higher photocatalytic efficiency (1.6 fold). The dual sites of Ti and adjacent Sr atoms are active for strong adsorption and activation of the generated CO* species from primary CO2 reduction on the surface, thus kinetically favoring the activity of photoelectrons (73 mol %) in hydrogenation for CH2* species and hence CH4 product. Inversely, the poor CH4 selectivity is due to difficulty in the subsequent photoelectron reduction reaction by the weak adsorption of CO* at the single-Sr site on the {100} facets, independent of the electron and proton concentration. Our results may offer some illuminating insights into the design of a highly efficient photocatalyst for selective CO2 reduction.
Transition from ballistic to thermalized transport of metal-sputtered species in a DC magnetron
Authors: Revel Adrien , Farsy Abderzak El , de Poucques Ludovic , Robert Jacques , Minea Tiberiu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Tunable diode-laser induced fluorescence technique has been optimized to accurately measure the titanium (Ti)-sputtered atom velocity distribution functions (AVDFs) in a magnetron discharge operating in DC mode. The high spatial and spectral resolution achieved reveals some features of the transport of the metal-sputtered atoms and their thermalization. The two groups of thermalized and energetic atoms have been very well separated compared to previous works. Hence, the fitting of the energetic atom group shows dumping from modified Thompson to Gauss distribution when the product pressure-distance from the target increases. In parallel, sputtered metal transport from the target has been simulated using the Monte Carlo collision (MCC) approach. Direct comparison between numerical and experimental results led to an improved cross-section for Ti–Ar momentum transfer, based on the ab initio formulas of the interaction potential derived from noble gas interaction. The accuracy of the experimental data enabled the numerical parametric study of the angular distribution and cut-off energy for the initial distribution of sputtered atoms to reveal the precise characterization of the initial conditions. A very good overall agreement is obtained for measured and calculated AVDFs. Comparison between the measured and modeling results emphasized the major role played by the argon (Ar) ions, not only in the sputtering process, but in the neutral metal transport by the gas rarefaction near the target. The microscopic description provided by the MCC model clearly reveals different transport regimes: ballistic, diffusive and back-scattering, which provide new insight into the thermalization of sputtered species in the intermediate pressure range.
Identification and manipulation of spin wave polarizations in perpendicularly magnetized synthetic antiferromagnets
Authors: Chen Xing , Zheng Cuixiu , Zhang Yu , Zhou Sai , Liu Yaowen , Zhang Zongzhi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Interlayer exchange-coupled synthetic antiferromagnets (SAFs) have the combined advantages of both high frequency of antiferromagnets and easy detection of ferromagnets. Here, magnetic excitations are investigated by theoretical analysis and micromagnetic simulations in SAFs that consist of two identical ferromagnetic layers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Different from the common in-phase acoustic mode and out-of-phase optic mode, linearly or circularly polarized spin wave modes can be excited at zero bias field by using different types of microwave magnetic fields. Once a bias magnetic field is applied along the easy-axis, left-handed (LH) and right-handed (RH) polarization modes are observed, and the resonance frequency of RH (LH) mode of the SAFs increases (decreases) linearly with the increase of bias magnetic fields until a critical spin-flop field is reached, which is in accordance with collinear antiferromagnets with easy-axis anisotropy. These simulation results agree with the theoretical derivation and provide fundamental insight into the nature of dynamic properties of the perpendicularly magnetized SAFs, which may provide new prospects for spintronic applications.
In silico investigation of Alliin as potential activator for AMPA receptor
Authors: Ozturk Hilal , Yorulmaz Nuri , Durgun Mustafa , Basoglu Harun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Natural products from plants, such as flavonoids, arouse immense interest in medicine because of the therapeutic and many other bioactive properties. The molecular docking is a very useful method to screen the molecules based on their free binding energies and give important structural suggestions about how molecules might activate or inhibit the target receptor by comparing reference molecules. Alliin and Allicin differ from many other flavonoids because of containing no benzene rings and having nitrogen and sulfur atoms in their structure. In this study Alliin and Allicin affinity on AMPA, NMDA and GABA-A receptors were evaluated in the central nervous system by using the molecular docking method. Both Alliin and Allicin indicated no inhibitory effects. However Alliin showed significant selectivity to human AMPA receptor (3RN8) as an excitatory. The binding energy of glutamate to 3RN8 was −6.61 kcal mol−1, while the binding energy of Allin was −8.08 kcal mol−1. Furthermore Alliin’s affinity to the other AMPA and NMDA receptors is quite satisfactory compared to the reference molecule glutamate. In conclusion based on the molecular docking study, Alliin can be useful for synaptic plasticity studies whereas might be enhance seizure activity because of the increased permeability to cations. It also can be beneficial to improve learning and memory and can be used as a supportive product to the hypofunction of NMDA associated problems.
Micromolding fabrication of biocompatible dry micro-pyramid array electrodes for wearable biopotential monitoring
Authors: Alban Marco Vinicio , Lee Haechang , Moon Hanul , Yoo Seunghyup 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Thin dry electrodes are promising components in wearable healthcare devices. Assessing the condition of the human body by monitoring biopotentials facilitates the early diagnosis of diseases as well as their prevention, treatment, and therapy. Existing clinical-use electrodes have limited wearable-device usage because they use gels, require many preparation steps, and can be uncomfortable to wear. Dry electrodes can improve these issues and have demonstrated performance on par with gel-based electrodes, providing advantages in mobile and wearable applications. However, the materials and fabrication methods used are not yet at the level of disposable gel electrodes for low-cost mass manufacturing and wide adoption. Here, a low-cost manufacturing process for thin dry electrodes with a conductive micro-pyramidal array (MPA) is presented for large-scale on-skin wearable applications. The electrode is fabricated using micromolding techniques in conjunction with solution processes in order to guarantee ease of fabrication, high device yield, and the possibility of mass production compatible with current semiconductor production processes. Fabricated using a conductive paste and an epoxy resin that are both biocompatible, the developed MPA electrode operates in a conformal, non-invasive manner, with low skin irritation, which ensures improved comfort for brief or extended use. The operation of the developed electrode was examined by analyzing electrode-skin-electrode impedance, electroencephalography, electrocardiography, and electromyography signals and comparing them with those measured simultaneously using gel electrodes.
Model-based electron density profile estimation and control, applied to ITER
Authors: Bosman T O S J , van Berkel M , de Baar M R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In contemporary magnetic confinement devices, the density distribution is sensed with interferometers and actuated with feedback controlled gas injection and open-loop pellet injection. This is at variance with the density control for ITER and DEMO, that will depend mainly on pellet injection as an actuator in feed-back control. This paper presents recent developments in state estimation and control of the electron density profile for ITER using relevant sensors and actuators. As a first step, Thomson scattering is included in an existing dynamic state observer. Second, model predictive control is developed as a strategy to regulate the density profile while avoiding limits associated with the total density (Greenwald limit) or gradients in the density distribution (e.g. neoclassical impurity transport). Simulations show that high quality density profile estimation can be achieved with Thomson Scattering and that the controller is capable of regulating the distribution as desired.
Spoiled for choice: number of signalers constrains mate choice based on acoustic signals
Authors: Tanner Jessie C , Simmons Leigh W 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnimal communication mediates social interactions with important fitness consequences for individuals. Receivers use signals to detect and discriminate among potential mates. Extensive research effort has focused on how receiver behavior imposes selection on signalers and signals. However, animals communicate in socially and physically complex environments with important biotic and abiotic features that are often excluded from controlled laboratory experiments, including noise. “Noise” is any factor that prevents signal detection and discrimination. The noise caused by aggregates of acoustic signalers is a well-known impediment to receivers, but how many individual signalers are required to produce the emergent effects of chorus noise on receiver behavior? In Teleogryllus oceanicus, the Australian field cricket, we assayed female preferences for a temporal property of male advertisement signals, the number of long chirp pulses, using two-, four-, six-, and eight-choice phonotaxis experiments. We found that, as the number of individual signalers increased, receivers became less likely to respond phonotactically and less likely to express their well-documented preference for more long chirp pulses. We found that very few individual signalers can create a sufficiently noisy environment, due either to acoustic interference or choice overload, to substantially impair female preference expression. Our results suggest that receivers may not always be able to express their well-documented mating preferences in nature.
Myocarditis Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 mRNA Vaccine: A Case Series and Incidence Rate Determination
Authors: Perez Yalile , Levy Emily R , Joshi Avni Y , Virk Abinash , Rodriguez-Porcel Martin , Johnson Matthew , Roellinger Daniel , Vanichkachorn Greg , Charles Huskins W , Swift Melanie D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Myocarditis following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) has been increasingly reported. Incidence rates in the general population are lacking, with pericarditis rather than myocarditis diagnostic codes being used to estimate background rates. This comparison is critical for balancing the risk of vaccination with the risk of no vaccination.

Methods
A retrospective case series was performed using the Mayo Clinic COVID-19 Vaccine Registry. We measured the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for myocarditis temporally related to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination compared with myocarditis in a comparable population from 2016 through 2020. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of the affected patients were collected. A total of 21 individuals were identified, but ultimately 7 patients met the inclusion criteria for vaccine-associated myocarditis.

Results
The overall IRR of COVID-19–related myocarditis was 4.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–8.98), which was entirely attributable to an increased IRR among adult males (IRR, 6.69; 95% CI, 2.35–15.52) compared with females (IRR 1.41; 95% CI, .03–8.45). All cases occurred within 2 weeks of a dose of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, with the majority occurring within 3 days (range, 1–13) following the second dose (6 of 7 patients, 86%). Overall, cases were mild, and all patients survived.

Conclusions
Myocarditis is a rare adverse event associated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. It occurs in adult males with significantly higher incidence than in the background population. Recurrence of myocarditis after a subsequent mRNA vaccine dose is not known at this time.
Persistence, Dosing, and Other Treatment Patterns Among Crohn’s Disease Patients Initiating Biologics in United States
Authors: Teeple Amanda , Sah Janvi , Mallampati Rajesh , Adams Christopher , Waters Dexter , Muser Erik 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
This study examined biologic persistence, dosing, and other treatment patterns among Crohn’s disease (CD) patients that initiated adalimumab (ADA), certolizumab pegol (CZP), infliximab (IFX), ustekinumab (UST), and vedolizumab (VDZ).

Methods
This descriptive study pooled data from IBM MarketScan, IQVIA PharMetrics, and Optum databases and identified CD patients who initiated the above biologics. Due to low sample size, CZP was not included in the analyses. Persistence was defined as the proportion of patients that remained on the index biologic without a gap of &gt;30 days for ADA and &gt;120 days for UST, IFX, and VDZ between two claims. A sensitivity analysis using fixed gap (90-day) was also conducted. Dose titration (based upon mean maintenance dose) including 50% dose escalation, and 50% dose reduction was assessed among patients with ≥2 maintenance doses during follow-up among ADA, UST, and VDZ patients.

Results
After applying all selection criteria, patients were selected into bio-naive (ADA: 2047; IFX: 1127; UST: 296; VDZ: 342) and bio-experienced cohorts (ADA: 300; IFX: 341; UST: 801; VDZ: 593) based on the biologics used. Unadjusted persistence was numerically higher among bio-naive and bio-experienced UST (87.2%, 86.3%) patients followed by VDZ (78.9%, 80.8%), IFX (79.0%, 77.4%), and ADA (64.9%, 60.7%). Similar trends were observed using sensitivity analysis. Dose escalation was numerically higher for ADA patients (16.1%–16.4%) followed by UST (13.4%–16.9%), and VDZ (12.4%–14.7%). Dose reduction followed a similar trend.

Conclusions
Among CD patients, unadjusted persistence using variable and fixed gap definition was numerically highest for UST patients whereas dose escalation was numerically highest among ADA patients. Further research is needed to examine treatment patterns after adjusting for confounders and baseline differences among biologic users.
Comparison of self-etch primers with conventional acid-etch technique for bonding brackets in orthodontics: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kerayechian Navid , Bardideh Erfan , Bayani Shahin 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Background
Bonding with self-etch primers (SEPs) is one of the most popular systems for attaching orthodontic brackets to the enamel surface. There are conflicting reports about the efficacy and success of these systems compared with acid-etch (AE) bonding.

Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to compare SEP with conventional AE technique for bonding brackets in fixed orthodontics.

Search methods
Articles related to the subject of interest were searched in electronic databases, including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane’s CENTRAL, from inception to 2 June 2021. Search for grey literature, and hand search for relevant studies were also performed.

Selection criteria
Based on the PICO model, randomized clinical trials using full-arch bonded fixed orthodontic appliances comparing SEP and conventional AE systems were included in the review process.

Data collection and analysis
After assessing the risk of bias, data from the included studies were extracted using custom piloted forms. Inverse-variance random-effects meta-analyses were performed to combine the results of bracket failure, adhesive remnant index (ARI), and bonding time.

Results
Nineteen randomized clinical trials were included in the systematic review and 17 randomized clinical trials [5 parallel-group (PG) and 12 split-mouth (SM) studies] were included in the meta-analysis. No significant difference in bracket failure at 6 months [risk ratio (RR) = 1.50, P = 0.26, 12 SM] and (RR = 0.68, P = 0.34, 2 PG), 12 months (RR = 1.6, 8 SM) and (RR = 1.17, P = 0.54, 2 PG), and ≥18 months (RR = 0.84, P = 0.31, 3 SM) and (RR = 1.20, P = 0.3, 3 PG) between SEP and AE groups could be found. Also, ARI score was similar between different bonding systems [mean difference (MD) = −0.44, P = 0.06, 4 SM]. The bonding time per tooth was faster in the SEP group (MD = −26.55, P &lt; 0.001, 2 SM) and (MD = −24.00, P &lt; 0.001, 2 PG).

Limitations
inclusion of three studies with a high risk of bias and high amount of inconsistency between the results of individual studies were the biggest limitations of our review.

Conclusions
The bracket bonding failure and ARI score were not significantly different between self-etch and conventional AE bonding systems. The bonding time was lower for the SEP, but some other requirements for SEPs like pumice prophylaxis could diminish this advantage.

Registration
The protocol for this systematic review was registered at PROSPERO with the ID CRD42021248540.
Seroprevalence and risk factors of COVID-19 in healthcare workers from 11 African countries: a scoping review and appraisal of existing evidence
Authors: Müller Sophie Alice , Wood Rebekah Ruth , Hanefeld Johanna , El-Bcheraoui Charbel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA better understanding of serological data and risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in healthcare workers (HCWs) is especially important in African countries where human resources and health services are more constrained. We reviewed and appraised the evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence and its risk factors in HCWs in Africa to inform response and preparedness strategies during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines in this scoping review. Databases including PubMed, Embase and preprint servers were searched accordingly from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to 19 April 2021. Our search yielded 12 peer-reviewed and four pre-print articles comprising data on 9223 HCWs from 11 countries in Africa. Seroprevalence varied widely and ranged from 0% to 45.1%. Seropositivity was associated with older age, lower education, working as a nurse/non-clinical HCW or in gynaecology, emergency, outpatient or surgery departments. Asymptomatic rates were high and half of the studies recommended routine testing of HCWs. This scoping review found a varying but often high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in HCWs in 11 African countries and identified certain risk factors. COVID-19 public health strategies for policy and planning should consider these risk factors and the potential for high seroprevalence among HCWs when prioritizing infection prevention and control measures and vaccine deployment.
Emerging illiberal norms: Russia and China as promoters of internet content control
Authors: Flonk Daniëlle 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article contributes to the understanding of authoritarian states as norm entrepreneurs of content control norms. These emerging norms challenge the norm literature, which disregards illiberal norms and illiberal actors as norm entrepreneurs. This article focuses on two distinct but coexisting strategies that Russia and China apply for promoting and developing internet governance norms. It shows that these countries use a combination of socialization and persuasion strategies. They employ a sequencing strategy of regional coalition-building in order to create support, after which they expand a norm's range via international organizations. These norm entrepreneurs adapt their strategies to different target groups based on the degree of internalization of the norm. The article shows that a reassessment of norm theory in a broader context allows for extension to illiberal norms and illiberal actors, but also shows the limits since the applicability of strategies such as naming and shaming should be questioned.