bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The complete mitochondrial genome of Ophiocordyceps gracilis and its comparison with related species
Authors: Abuduaini Aifeire , Wang Yuan-Bing , Zhou Hui-Ying , Kang Rui-Ping , Ding Ming-Liang , Jiang Yu , Suo Fei-Ya , Huang Luo-Dong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, the complete mitochondrial genome ofO. graciliswas sequenced and assembled before being compared with related species.As the second largest mitogenome reported in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae, the mitogenome ofO. gracilis(voucher OG201301) is a circular DNA molecule of 134,288 bp that contains numerous introns and longer intergenomic regions. UCA was detected as anticodon in tRNA-Sec ofO. gracilis, while comparative mitogenome analysis of nine Ophiocordycipitaceae fungi indicated that the order and contents of PCGs and rRNA genes were considerably conserved and could descend from a common ancestor in Ophiocordycipitaceae. In addition, the expansion of mitochondrial organization, introns, gene length, and order ofO. graciliswere determined to be similar to those ofO. sinensis, which indicated common mechanisms underlying adaptive evolution inO. gracilisandO. sinensis. Based on the mitochondrial gene dataset (15 PCGs and 2 RNA genes), a close genetic relationship betweenO. gracilisandO. sinensiswas revealed through phylogenetic analysis. This study is the first to investigate the molecular evolution, phylogenetic pattern, and genetic structure characteristics of mitogenome inO. gracilis. Based on the obtained results, the mitogenome ofO. graciliscan increase understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of cordycipitoid fungi.
Detection of alternative lengthening of telomeres mechanism on tumor sections
Authors: Claude Eloïse , de Lhoneux Guillaume , Pierreux Christophe E. , Marbaix Etienne , de Ville de Goyet Maëlle , Boulanger Cécile , Van Damme An , Brichard Bénédicte , Decottignies Anabelle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe vast majority of adult cancer cells achieve cellular immortality by activating a telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM). While this is mostly achieved by the de-silencing of hTERTtelomerase gene expression, an alternative homologous recombination-based and telomerase-independent mechanism, known as ALT (Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres), is frequently activated in a subset of tumors, including paediatric cancers. Being absent from normal cells, the ALT mechanism offers interesting perspectives for new targeted cancer therapies. To date, however, the development of better translationally applicable tools for ALT detection in tumor sections is still needed. Here, using a newly derived ALT-positive cancer cell mouse xenograft model, we extensively examined how the previously known ALT markers could be used as reliable tools for ALT diagnosis in tumor sections. We found that, together with the detection of ultra-bright telomeric signals (UBS), an ALT hallmark, native telomeric FISH, that detects single-stranded C-rich telomeric DNA, provides a very sensitive and robust tool for ALT diagnosis in tissues. We applied these assays to paediatric tumor samples and readily identified three ALT-positive tumors for which the TMM was confirmed by the gold-standard C-circle amplification assay. Although the latter offers a robust assay for ALT detection in the context of research laboratories, it is more difficult to set up in histopathological laboratories and could therefore be conveniently replaced by the combination of UBS detection and native telomeric FISH.
ENZ-metamaterial–induced perfect transparency for the highly directive plano-concave lens
Authors: Jia Y. M. , Yang R. , Weng Z. B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We propose an ENZ-metamaterial–based transparent sandwich design consisting of periodic slits in a metal screen integrated with ENZ metamaterials for the exploration of superior transmissions. An equivalent circuit is proposed to reveal the interactions between the slit array and ENZ metamaterials when electromagnetic fields are penetrating through, and indicates that the involvement of ENZ metamaterials with the frequency dispersion behaviors can create the perfect match for total transmissions. On this basis, we further propose the design of plano-concave lens with the non-uniform ENZ metamaterial interlayer and demonstrate the superior collimation and focusing of electromagnetic fields at specific frequency points with perfect transparency. These findings may initiate the quest for building up more advanced electromagnetic devices tailored to specific applications with extreme parameter metamaterials.
Aging Men With Insufficient Vitamin D Have a Higher Mortality Risk: No Added Value of its Free Fractions or Active Form
Authors: Dejaeger Marian , Antonio Leen , Bouillon Roger , Moors Hannes , Wu Frederick C W , O’Neill Terence W , Huhtaniemi Ilpo T , Rastrelli Giulia , Forti Gianni , Maggi Mario , Casanueva Felipe F , Slowikowska-Hilczer Jolanta , Punab Margus , Gielen Evelien , Tournoy Jos , Vanderschueren Dirk 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
Low total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has been associated with mortality. Whether vitamin D in its free form or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), provide any additional information is unclear.

Objective
To determine what level of 25(OH)D is predictive for mortality and if free 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH) 2 D concentrations have any added value.

Methods
This prospective cohort comprised 1915 community-dwelling men, aged 40 to 79 years. Intervention included determination of association of total and free 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D concentrations with survival status. Vitamin D results were grouped into quintiles. For total 25(OH)D, specific cutoff values were also applied. Cox proportional hazard models were used adjusted for center, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, season of blood sample, kidney function, and number of comorbidities.

Results
A total of 469 (23.5%) men died during a mean follow-up of 12.3 ± 3.4 years. Compared to those with normal vitamin D values (&gt; 30 µg/L), men with a total 25(OH)D of less than 20 µg/L had an increased mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 2.03 [95% CI, 1.39-2.96]; P &lt; .001). Likewise, men in the lowest 3 free 25(OH)D quintiles (&lt; 4.43 ng/L) had a higher mortality risk compared to the highest quintile (HR 2.09 [95% CI, 1.34-3.25]; P &lt; .01). Mortality risks were similar across all 1,25(OH)2D and vitamin D binding protein quintiles.

Conclusion
Aging men with vitamin D deficiency have a 2-fold increased mortality risk. Determinations of either the free fractions of vitamin D or measurement of its active form offer no additional information on mortality risks.
Brain Mechanisms of Pain and Dysautonomia in Diabetic Neuropathy: Connectivity Changes in Thalamus and Hypothalamus
Authors: Chao Chi-Chao , Tseng Ming-Tsung , Hsieh Paul-Chen , Lin Chien-Ho (Janice) , Huang Shin-Leh , Hsieh Sung-Tsang , Chiang Ming-Chang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Context
About one-third of diabetic patients suffer from neuropathic pain, which is poorly responsive to analgesic therapy and associated with greater autonomic dysfunction. Previous research on diabetic neuropathy mainly links pain and autonomic dysfunction to peripheral nerve degeneration resulting from systemic metabolic disturbances, but maladaptive plasticity in the central pain and autonomic systems following peripheral nerve injury has been relatively ignored.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate how the brain is affected in painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN), in terms of altered structural connectivity (SC) of the thalamus and hypothalamus that are key regions modulating nociceptive and autonomic responses.

Methods
We recruited 25 PDN and 13 painless (PLDN) diabetic neuropathy patients, and 27 healthy adults as controls. The SC of the thalamus and hypothalamus with limbic regions mediating nociceptive and autonomic responses was assessed using diffusion tractography.

Results
The PDN patients had significantly lower thalamic and hypothalamic SC of the right amygdala compared with the PLDN and control groups. In addition, lower thalamic SC of the insula was associated with more severe peripheral nerve degeneration, and lower hypothalamic SC of the anterior cingulate cortex was associated with greater autonomic dysfunction manifested by decreased heart rate variability.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that alterations in brain structural connectivity could be a form of maladaptive plasticity after peripheral nerve injury, and also demonstrate a pathophysiological association between disconnection of the limbic circuitry and pain and autonomic dysfunction in diabetes.
Pyongyang Modern: Architecture of Multiplicity in Postwar North Korea
Authors: Kim Cheehyung Harrison 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article explores North Korea’s postwar reconstruction through the variegated features of architectural development in Pyongyang. The rebirth of Pyongyang as the center of both state authority and work culture is distinctly represented by architecture. In this setting, architecture as theory and practice was divided into two contiguous and interconnected types: monumental structures symbolizing the utopian vision of the state and vernacular structures instrumental to the regime of production in which the apartment was an exemplary form. The author makes three claims: first, Pyongyang’s monumental and vernacular architectural forms each embody both utopian and utilitarian features; second, the multiplicity of meaning exhibited in each architectural form is connected to the transnational process of bureaucratic expansion and industrial developmentalism; and third, North Korea’s postwar architectural history is a lens through which state socialism of the twentieth century can be better understood—not as an exceptional moment but as a constituent of globalized modernity, a historical formation dependent on the collusive expansion of state power and industrial capitalism. A substantial part of this article is a discussion of the methods and sources relevant to writing an architectural history of North Korea.
Adjacent Histories
Authors: Armstrong-Price Amanda , Napolin Julie Beth 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this conversation, composed through written correspondence, Julie Beth Napolin and Amanda Armstrong-Price discuss aspects of Denise Riley’s “Am I That Name?” in light of contemporary feminist debates, including debates within black feminism and transfeminism. The authors begin by considering the significance of Riley’s unconventional title, outlining what might be at stake—and what might be occluded—in the title’s allusion to Sojourner Truth’s interjection, “Ain’t I a woman?” Allusion and juxtaposition form key aspects of Riley’s approach to historical representation, which involves reading sources on sex and gender for what they say about adjacent historical categories and constellating discrepant historical situations in ways that speak to ongoing conundrums about identity and alliance. With respect to the latter, the authors consider the historical situation—in feminism and more generally—that occasioned Riley’s 1988 work while also reading her work in relation to the challenges of our current moment. Riley’s phenomenological account of the inconstancy of gendered being is read for its resonances with contemporary transfeminist work while her broader oeuvre is brought to bear on some of the scraps of phobic common sense—the voices without mouths—that circulate online and work to forestall what remain urgent acts of alliance.
Usher syndrome type 1-associated gene, pcdh15b, is required for photoreceptor structural integrity in zebrafish
Authors: Miles Amanda , Blair Clarke , Emili Andrew , Tropepe Vincent 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Blindness associated with Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) is typically characterized as rod photoreceptor degeneration, followed by secondary loss of cones. The mechanisms leading to blindness are unknown because most genetic mouse models only recapitulate auditory defects. We generated zebrafish mutants for one of the USH1 genes, protocadherin-15b (pcdh15b), a putative cell adhesion molecule. Zebrafish Pcdh15 is expressed exclusively in photoreceptors within calyceal processes (CPs), at the base of the outer segment (OS) and within the synapse. In our mutants, rod and cone photoreceptor integrity is compromised, with early and progressively worsening abnormal OS disc growth and detachment, in part due to weakening CP contacts. These effects were attenuated or exacerbated by growth in dark and bright-light conditions, respectively. We also describe novel evidence for structural defects in synapses of pcdh15b mutant photoreceptors. Cell death does not accompany these defects at early stages, suggesting that photoreceptor structural defects, rather than overt cell loss, may underlie vision deficits. Thus, we present the first genetic animal model of a PCDH15-associated retinopathy that can be used to understand the aetiology of blindness in USH1.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices towards COVID-19 in health care professionals in Lima, Peru
Authors: Rivera-Lozada Oriana , Galvez Cesar Augusto , Castro-Alzate Elvis , Bonilla-Asalde Cesar Antonio 
Published: October 2021

Background: Nowadays, we are facing a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, known globally as COVID-19, which is considered a threat to global health due to its high contagiousness and rapid spread. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study in 302 health professionals. An online questionnaire consisting of questions about knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 was applied. Socio-demographic, occupational and comorbidities factors were explored. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with KAP. Results: Of the total, 25.2%, 31.5% and 37.4% had high levels of knowledge, preventive practices and risk perception attitudes respectively. Being married aOR=6.75 IC(1.46-31.2) p=0.014, having a master's degree aOR=0.4, IC(0.21-0.80) p=0.009, having a working day with less than ten hours ORa=0.49 IC(0.25-0.95) p=0.036 and obesity aOR=0.38 IC (0.15-0.95) p=0.039 were associated with a low level of knowledge of COVID-19. The variables associated with preventive practices were being over the age of 50 aOR=0.52 IC(0.27-0.98) p=0.007, working in the hospitalization area aOR=1.86 IC(1.08-3.18) p= 0.018 and having comorbidities such as arterial hypertension aOR=0.28 IC(0.081-0.99) p=0.02 and obesity aOR=0.35 IC(0.14-0.83) p=0.019. In relation to negative attitudes towards COVID-19, it was found that physical contact with patients with a confirmed diagnosis aOR=1.84 IC (1.14-2.97) p=0.006 and having asthma aOR=2.13 IC(1.081-4.22) p=0.029 were associated with these attitudes. Conclusion: Our study revealed that health professionals have an insufficient level of knowledge of COVID-19. This is why we recommend implementing strategies such as health literacy programs among health care workers. Thus, they can help develop positive attitudes towards the acquisition of self-care habits at work that, in turn, improve their confidence so that health care workers can provide adequate care for their patients and protect themselves.