bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Availability and Implementation of Guidelines in European Child Primary Health Care: How Can We Improve?
Authors: Kocken Paul , Kesteren Nicole Van , Zoonen Renate Van , Reijneveld Sijmen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Clinical guidelines are important for providing high-quality child primary health care. We aimed to assess the availability, use and achieved delivery of guidelines and the European Union (EU). We used a case study design to ascertain expert views on the guideline availability and implementation in six countries representing the EU. The experts completed an online questionnaire (response 49%) on guidelines regarding three topics that represent prevention, physical and mental health care, i.e. vaccination, asthma care and assessment of mental health of children. All countries had guidelines available for asthma care. For vaccination and mental health assessment respondents less agreed that guidelines were available. Implementation of guidelines for vaccination was mostly as intended, but implementation of the guidelines for asthma care and mental health assessment was limited. Notable barriers were complexity of performance, lack of training of professionals or financial resources. Important facilitators for guideline implementation were the fit with routine practice, knowledge and skills of professionals and policy support. We found no clear relationship of guideline availability and implementation with the country’s type of child primary health care system, though strong governance and sufficient financial resources seemed important for guideline availability.Conclusion: Availability and implementation of clinical guidelines in child primary health care vary between EU countries. Implementation conditions can be strongly improved by adequate training of professionals, stronger governance and sufficient financial resources as facilitating factors. This can yield major gains in child health across Europe.
Regional Frequency Analysis of Drought Severity and Duration in Karkheh River Basin - Iran Using Univariate L-Moments Method
Authors: Parvizi Saeideh , Eslamian Saeid , Gheysari Mahdi , Gohari Alireza , Kopai Saeid Soltani 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Drought is one of the natural disasters that causes a great damage to the human life and natural ecosystems. The main differences are in the gradual effect of drought over a relatively long period; impossibility of accurately determining time of the beginning and end of drought; and geographical extent of the associated effects. On the other hand, lack of a universally accepted definition of drought has added to the complexity of this phenomenon. In the last decade, due to increasing frequency of drought in Iran and reduction of water resources, its consequences have become apparent and have caused problems for planners and managers. Therefore, in this study, to investigate severity and duration of meteorological, hydrological and agricultural drought in Karkheh River basin, regional frequency analysis of standardized precipitation index ( SPI ), standardized evapotranspiration index ( SEI ), standardized runoff index ( SRI ) and standardized soil moisture index ( SSI ) was performed using L-moments. Then, using Hosking and Wallis heterogeneity test, basin was divided into four homogeneous areas. After that, based on the Z statistic of goodness-of-fit test for each distribution, the best regional distribution function for each homogeneous region was selected. The results showed that hydrological drought occurs with a very short time delay in Karkheh River Basin after the meteorological drought and two indicators show meteorological and hydrological drought conditions well. Agricultural drought occurs after meteorological and hydrological drought, respectively, and its severity and duration are less than the other indicators. Meteorological, hydrological and agricultural droughts do not occur at the same time in all of the years and in general, the SPI drought Index shows the most severe droughts compared with the other three indices.
Comparison of Patient-Reported Outcomes at 1 Year After Injury Between Limb Salvage and Amputation: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kurozumi Taketo , Inui Takahiro , Nakayama Yuhei , Honda Akifumi , Matsui Kentaro , Ishii Keisuke , Suzuki Takashi , Watanabe Yoshinobu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Owing to advances in knowledge and technology, salvaging the limbs of patients with severe trauma and injuries is possible. However, severe limb injuries occasionally necessitate amputation because it allows patients to regain their social lives earlier than limb salvaging. Moreover, previous related investigations are retrospective cohort studies or meta-analyses of retrospective studies, and prospective cohort studies of patient-reported outcomes are extremely rare. This single-center, prospective cohort study aimed to compare the patient-reported outcomes at 1 year after injury between limb salvage and amputation and to elucidate whether amputation contributes to early recovery of functionality and quality of life.Methods: We included 47 limbs of 45 patients with severe open fractures of the lower limb and categorized them into limb salvage and amputation groups. They were registered in the Database of Orthopedic Trauma by the Japanese Society for Fracture Repair at our center; data on patient-reported outcomes at 1 year after injury were obtained from this database. The mean patient age was 49.6 years. Patients’ limbs were evaluated using the lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) and Short-Form 8 (SF-8). Early recovery was evaluated using functionality and quality-of-life questionnaires. Nonparametric statistical analyses were conducted.Results: Of the 47 limbs, 34 limbs of 34 patients were salvaged and 13 limbs of 11 patients were amputated. Significant differences were noted between the limb salvage and amputation groups in terms of the LEFS scores (mean: 49.5 vs 33.1, P=0.025) and scores for the mental health component (mean: 48.7 vs 38.7, P=0.003), role–physical component (mean: 42.2 vs 33.3, P=0.026), and mental component summary (mean: 48.2 vs 41.3, P=0.042) of the SF-8. The limb salvage group had better scores than the amputation group. Conclusions: In this study, limb salvage results in better functional and mental health outcomes at 1 year after severe lower limb injury than after amputation. As reconstruction technology has advanced and limb salvaging has become possible, the focus of studies should now be based on the perspective of “how the patient feels”; hence, we believe that the results of this study, which is based on patient-reported outcomes, are meaningful.
Dysregulated Arginine Metabolism in Young Patients With Chronic Persistent Asthma and in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Zhou Bo , Wu Haoyu , Li Jianzhou , Liu Junhui , Liu Hui , She Jianqing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent metabolomics studies have found circulatory metabolism alterations in patients with asthma, indicating that altered metabolites played a significant role in asthma. However, the regulatory mechanisms in asthma, especially in young chronic persistent asthma remain underexplored.Methods: In this study, a prospective cohort of 162 patients diagnosed of asthma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from January 2018 to December 2019 was used to perform a nested case-control study. Among them, we included 30 patients with chronic persistent asthma between 20 to 35 years old; 30 health control with evenly distributed age and sex were then selected. Nontargeted metabolomics was applied to identify serum metabolic profiles and altered metabolic pathways. Results: In vitro, human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) line BEAS-2B with the addition of L-citrulline and/or asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) model was utilized and the concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites were tested to evaluated the therapeutic potential of L-citrulline. The young patients with chronic persistent asthma displayed dysregulated serum metabolic profiles, especially enriched in arginine metabolism. The ratio of L-citrulline to ornithine is associated with blood eosinophil count. In vitro, adding L-citrulline could reverse ADMA-mediated reduction of NOx at lower L-arginine concentration (25 μM), but was ineffective in the higher L-arginine concentration (100 μM) media. Conclusions: The arginine metabolism balance is of vital importance during the pathogenesis and progression of chronic asthma. L-citrulline could be a powerful approach to restore airway NO production, potentially exhibiting therapeutic benefits among young patients with chronic asthma.
Antibiotics as a Feed Additive Promote Growth of Chickens by Modulating the Gut Microbiome
Authors: Li Xiangkai , Wu Ying , Peng Liang , Han Rong , Feng pengya , Khan Aman , Liu Pu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Antibiotics widely used as growth promoters in the agricultural industry, but their mechanisms have not been fully explored. Antibiotics has a connection effect on the gut microbiome which plays a vital role in host metabolism and immune response. Here, we investigated the association of antibiotic and gut microbiome in broiler chicken.Methods: Polymyxin (PMX) and amoxicillin (AMX) were selected as feed additives in broiler chicken, and gut bacterial composition assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA. Metabolome and lipidomic of feces and serum samples were analyzed using liquid chromatograpy-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We further assessed changes in the microbiota and metabolism which underwent antibiotics treatment.Results: The administration of antibiotic increasing, the average weight of chickens by up to 4.9% and altered number and structure of the intestinal microflora compared to the un-treated group. The bacterial component of gut microbiota in antibiotic groups was showed a lower prevalence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla and higher prevalence of a high diversity (Proteobacteria). In metabolome of feces and serum, amino acid such as phenylalanine, valine, methionine and aspartic acid, and lipid metabolic (Lysolecithin, Oxalosuccinic acid and phosphatidylcholine) were all higher among obese chicks in antibiotics groups. Serum IgG (18.2%–32.7%) and intestinal secretory IgA (27.5%–28.6%) were decreased compared with control group, and immune associated metabolome in serum lipidomic were also fluctuated with the concentration of AMX and PMX. Conclusions: The data suggested that the structure and quantity of intestinal flora has to affect amino acid and lipid metabolic homeostasis, and immune response, which can serve as a target in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.
Spatial-temporal analysis of head injuries at the northwest of Iran 2014–2018
Authors: Soleimani Mohsen , Jalilvand Ahmad , Bagheri Nasser , Soleimani Roghayeh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: head injuries (HI) are considered as a major public health concern across the world. This study aims to explore the incidence rate and spatial distribution of HI incidence at rural district levels in Zanjan province, Iran from 2014-2018.Materials & Methods: This study was a cross-sectional and geospatial analysis of head injury incidence pattern in rural areas at Zanjan province, Iran. Data were collected from nine hospital information system databases. Age-adjusted incidence rate and three different spatial analysis methods (Spatial autocorrelation, hotspot analysis and Anselin Local Moran's I) were used to detect the potential high-risk areas of HI incidence in the study area.Results: 4562 patients were registered at Zanjan hospitals due to HI from 2014-2018. The age-adjusted incidence rate of HI was 429 cases (95% CI, 418,443) per 100,000 person which increased from 74 cases in 2014 to 86 cases in 2018, (an 18% increase, P<0001). The highest incidence rate observed among men (80%, P<0001) and at the age group of 15-29 (44.4%, P<0001). Qarabolagh region had the highest incidence rate and five hotspot, seven coldspot, two high-high cluster and seven low-low cluster of HI incidence were detected using spatial analysis.Conclusion: This study provided an overview about the incidence rate and spatial pattern of HI incidence at finer geographical level at the northwest of Iran. This study detected high-risk areas and also showed a significant relationship between HI, geographical areas and genders, which can provide useful information for local health authorities to apply prevention programs for reducing the burden of HI in the society.
Influence of Bio-Inspired Ag doped MoO3 Nanoparticles in the Seedling Growth and Inhibitory Action Against Microbial Organisms
Authors: Raj A. Nirmal Paul , Bennie R. Biju , Xavier G. Alex Immanuel , Joel C , Chelliah D. Abiya , Kengaram S. Hari 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Herein we report the hydrothermal synthesis, characterization and biological applications of h-MoO3 and silver doped MoO3 nanoparticles (NPs). The phase formation of the synthesized NPs was identified using X-ray diffraction studies and vibrational spectral studies. The average crystallite size of the NPs tends to decrease as the dopant concentration increases. The surface morphology and the elemental composition of the nanoparticles were observed from SEM and EDAX analysis. The crystallite nature was obtained from HRTEM images. The band gap energies obtained from UV-DRS spectra for h-MoO3 (3.26 eV) were starting to decrease as the concentration of the dopant Ag increases (3.22-2.76eV). The antibacterial activity of the prepared nanoparticles was tested against some gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Citrobacter koseri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. Also their seed germination properties were studied on foxtail and finger millet seeds for a period of seven days.
Development and Validation of the Reproductive Health Literacy Questionnaire for Chinese Unmarried Youth
Authors: Ma Xuemei , Yang Yufan , Wei Qian , Jiang Hong , Shi Hui-jing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop and validate the reproductive health literacy questionnaire for Chinese unmarried youth aged 15-24. MethodsWe conducted a validity and reliability study of the questionnaire through a cross-sectional survey and test-retest analysis in 4 districts in Shanghai between April and June 2017. A total of 1587 participants completed a self-administered questionnaire anonymously on-site and the trained investigators conducted quality check afterwards. Sixty participants among them completed the test-retest assessment with 2 weeks interval. The reliability was determined by internal consistency, spilt-half reliability and test-retest reliability. The construct validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. ResultsThe 58-question reproductive health literacy questionnaire for Chinese unmarried youth was demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.919), spilt-half reliability (Guttman splitting coefficient = 0.846) and test-retest reliability (correlation coefficient = 0.720). The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the construct of the questionnaire fitted well with the hypothetical model. The reproductive health literacy scores in unmarried girls aged 15-24 were higher than boys (P<0.05) and college students who lived in rural areas when they were middle and high school got lower score than those living in cities and suburbs (P<0.01). ConclusionThe reproductive health literacy questionnaire for Chinese unmarried youth demonstrated good reliability and validity, which could potentially be used as an effective evaluation instrument to assess reproductive health literacy among Chinese young people.
Is Outdoor-Resting Behaviour in Malaria Vectors Consistent? Short Report From Northern Ghana.
Authors: Hamid-Adiamoh Majidah , Nwakanma Davis , Sr Isaac , Amambua-Ngwa Alfred , Afrane Yaw A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRecent reports of a change in the resting behaviour of malaria vectors, from predominantly indoor resting to outdoor resting following blood feeding, have been attributed to selection pressure from use of vector control tools such as indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets. Recent studies have observed vectors resting predominantly outdoors in settings where anti-vector tools are extensively deployed. This present study examined if the outdoor resting behaviour in the vector population, is random or indicative of a consistent preference of one resting site over the other. MethodsMark-release-recapture (MRR) experiments were conducted with outdoor-resting Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus mosquitoes collected from pit shelters, animal houses and granaries in two villages in Northern Ghana. Mosquitoes were marked with fluorescent dyes and released indoors. The experiments were controlled with indoor-resting mosquitoes, which were marked and released outdoors. Species of all recaptured mosquitoes were identified and assessed for consistency in their resting behaviour. ResultsA total of 4,460 outdoor-resting mosquitoes comprising An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) (59%) and An. funestus complex (41%) were marked and released. Overall, 31 (0.7%) mosquitoes (25 An. gambiae s.l. and 6 An. funestus complex) were recaptured mostly from outdoor location. Only 3 of the recaptured mosquitoes were found resting indoors where they were released. The majority of the outdoor-recaptured mosquitoes were An. arabiensis (11, 39%), followed by An. coluzzii (7, 25%); whereas the indoor-recaptured mosquitoes were mainly (3) An. coluzzii. For the control experiment, 324 indoor-resting mosquitoes constituting 313 An. gambiae s.l. and 11 An. funestus complex were marked and released. However, none of these was recaptured neither indoors nor outdoors.ConclusionsThe mosquitoes demonstrated the tendency to retain their outdoor-resting behaviour. Further investigations are required to ascertain if emerging preference for outdoor resting behaviour in malaria vector populations is consistent or a random occurrence.
Recognition of Value: A Critical Step in the Value Creation Process
Authors: Boisjoly Russell 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper has demonstrated that the intentional Value Creation process presented by Lepak, Taylor & Smith (2007) can be enhanced by adding connections between the Value Creation Process of Lepak, Taylor & Smith (2007) and the Creativity Process of Amabile et al (1996) within a corporation, and that those two internal processes also have a relationship with the external entrepreneurial processes modeled by Krueger-Brazeal (1994) and Bhave (1994). Furthermore, all of these constructs can be related to the massive amount of dormant technology available in corporations, R&D labs, government research centers, universities, and foundations/nonprofit research centers. The relationship between each model assist in capturing the essence of Shane and Venkataraman (2000) whose article laid out a design for Entrepreneurship as a unique field of research. When the aforementioned models are included in one holistic model, the internal and external entrepreneurial processes are shown to have the same or nearly identical features.
Exoproduction and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Thermophilic Serine Protease From Ornithinibacillus Caprae L9T With Hide-dehairing Activity
Authors: Li Xiaoguang , Zhang Qian , Gan Longzhan , Jiang Guangyang , Tian Yongqiang , Shi Bi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BLAST, basic local alignment search tool; BBD, Box-Behnken design; BSA, bovine serum albumin; CGMCC, China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; DTT, dithiothreitol; EDTA, ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid; EGTA, ethylene glycol-bis (β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid; GBDP, genome blast distance phylogeny; HE, hematoxylin and eosin; KCTC, Korean Collection for Type Cultures; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; LB, Luria-Bertani; β-ME, β-mercaptoethanol; NR, non-redundant protein database; PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; RSM, response surface methodology; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SD, standard deviation; TCA, trichloroacetic acid; TSB, tryptic soytone broth; TYGS, type strain genome server; UV-Vis, ultraviolet-visible.
Factors Affecting Aggression on Female Middle School-Aged Adolescents: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Heizomi Haleh , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Kouzekanani Kamiar , Matlabi Hossein , Bayrami Mansour , Allahverdipour Hamid 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: In all cultures and countries, adolescents exhibit behavioral problems. Aggression among adolescents may be a public health concern and is defined as a behavioral and emotional response which distressed others. The purpose of this study was to understand the individual and environmental factors associated with aggression among female teens.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Tabriz, Iran. The sample consisted of 707 female middle school-aged students. The study was guided by the ecological systems theory of human development. The variables of interest were aggression, general health status, happiness, social acceptance, and feeling of loneliness. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data.Results: A link between aggression and poor psychological well-being among the participating female adolescents was identified. Specifically, factors influencing aggression were low parental support, low satisfaction with body image, high sense of loneliness, and lower perceived social acceptance. Conclusion: The present study, driven by the ecological model of human development, contributes to individuals’ understanding of aggression among female adolescents, focusing on the school environment, family environment, and cognitive factors. Aggression among young girls is unhealthy and adversely affects psychological well-being. The contributing factors must be taken into consideration in designing and implementing effective interventions. The contributing factors must be taken into consideration in designing and implementing effective interventions.
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Undergraduate Students in the Middle East: a Cross-sectional Survey in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Marzouqi Amina M Al , Otim Michael Ekubu , Alblooshi Ahmed , Marzooqi Suad Al , Talal Marah , Wassim Farah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Mental health disorders comprise a significant burden to the health of the residents of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). However, there is a paucity of evidence on the prevalence of mental health disorders throughout the Middle East in general. The prevalence of mental health problems among students and the associated impact on UAE society requires more exploration. Building an understanding of these factors is essential to inform the development of interventions in the UAE context. The study aimed to establish the prevalence of three main mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and stress disorders) among undergraduate students in the UAE. Methods: This study used a descriptive, cross-sectional mixed methods design. Data were collected using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).Results: The results were reported using descriptive statistics. This study received ethical approval. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress among university students in Sharjah, UAE were 38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.04–2.33), 55% (95% CI: 2.52–2.87), and 29% (95% CI: 1.76–2.02), respectively.Conclusion: Anxiety disorders are the dominant mental health problem among UAE students. There is a need for increased research in this area and on mental health problems in general in the UAE.