bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improve Efficiency in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell by Surface modification of TiO2 Photoelectrode by Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: varishetty Madhu Mohan , Murakam Kenji Murakam , jonnalagadda Madhavi , M Rajini kanth 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pure TiO2 and surface-modified TiO2 (SMT) films from zinc acetate solution have been developed with fluorine-blended SnO2 (FTO) auxiliaries. support material using spray pyrolysis for use into dye-sensitation solar cells (DSCs). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) profiles indicate that pure TiO2 and SMT exhibit the same crystal structure. Optical absorption studies do not indicate a significant absorption difference between SMT and pure TiO2. Impedance measurements reveal that ZnO covered on TiO2 nanoparticles increase particular exterior imepedance also suppress about reverse transmission from photo-induced electron emmiting with SMT to the electrolyzer. Surface morphology and surface fundamental study were performed using FE-SEM, field emission scanning electron microscopy and EDX, energy dissipation X-ray spectroscopy. The photo electrochemical (J-V curves) values of DSCs for pure SMT and TiO2 thin films have been relatively investigated. Outstanding results display such that about bypassed photo electric current (JSC) of pure TiO2 increased from 16.73 mAcm− 2 to 18.09 mAcm− 2 additionally through open-loop voltage (VOC) for DSCs containing SMT thin films changed between 0.71 V to 0.75 V. This indicates that the ZnO layer on TiO2 nanoparticles contributes to the surface resistance, which impedes the flow of back scattered electrons to the electrolyte significantly. Cell power transformation productivity has been increased about 8.25 to 9.3%.
Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of the 12-Item Expectations Regarding Aging Survey Iranian Older Adults Population during COVID-19 Pandemic.
Authors: Nia Hamid Sharif , She Long , somasundram Sotheeswari , fomani Fatemeh khoshnavay , kaveh Omolhoda , Hosseini lida 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The current pandemic has classified older people into the most vulnerable category. Prior to the pandemic, they led active social lives, but are now cautioned to adopt more precautionary and preventive behaviors. Older people are advised to change their lifestyle given the challenges and expectations regarding aging. Therefore, the present study is designed to assess the construct validity and reliability of the Persian version of the 12-Item Expectations Regarding Aging Survey among older adult Iranian population during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The Persian version of this scale was developed using translation and revision in current study. The construct validity was assessed through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Also, the reliability was assessed through through its internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega), composite reliability (CR), and maximal reliability (MaxR). The data compiled online was based on a sample of 400 older adults aged above 65 years. Results: The results of the study indicate that the Persian version of this scale comprises three factors with 11 items (Factor 1: Physical Health; Factor 2: Mental Health; Factor 3: Cognitive Function) that explaining 65.764% of the total variance. The CFA results, after reviewing the model modification indices, shows the revised three factors model fits the data well with excellent internal consistency and reliability. Conclusion: The finding indicates that the Persian Version of ERA is reliable and valid. It can be used for aging, educational, and clinic research, to develop and evaluate on suitable intervention to enhance the quality of life among Iranian aging population.
Evaluation of the Anti-diabetic Activity and Lc-esi/ltqorbitrap/ms/ms Profiling of an Aqueous Extract of Pergularia Tomentosa L. Aerial Parts
Authors: Hosseini seyeh Hamzeh , Ghadi Fereshteh Ezzati , Ghara Abdollah Ramzani , Cerulli Antonietta , Piacente Sonia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Pergularia tomentosa L. is a milkweed tropical plant. In the Middle Est, the aerial parts of P. tomentosa are traditionally used as an anti-diabetic remedy. In order to find scientific evidence for the traditional use of this plant, the effect of an aqueous extract of P. tomentosa aerial parts by in vivo assay was investigated. Moreover, to achieve deeper insight into the chemical composition of the above-mentioned extract an analytical approach based on LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MSn was evaluated. Wistar rats were fasted overnights and diabetes mellitus induced using streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). The rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups (n=5): group I (normoglycaemic control), group II (rats treated with streptozotocin 50 mg/kg body weight), group III (P. tomentosa extract 200 mg/kg body weight), group IV (normoglycaemic treated with P. tomentosa extract, 200 mg/kg body weight). At the end of the treatment period, they were anesthetized under diethylether. Vital organs (kidneys, liver and pancreas) and blood samples were obtained for histopathological, biochemical and haematological analysis.Results: P. tomentosa showed a reasonable reduction in blood glucose level. Probably, P. tomentosa effect on hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic diabetic animals was associated to antioxidant properties, triglyceride levels, as well as the liver enzymes. Furthermore, the metabolite profile of the aqueous extract of P. tomentosa obtained by LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MSn highlighted the presence of double-linked cardenolides along with cardenolides and flavone glycosides. Conclusion: P. tomentosa decreased the glucose level and induced beneficial effect on lipid profile. This study confirms the capability of cardenolide glycosides to decrease the level of glucose in the blood.
3D U-Net For Segmentation of Covid-19-Associated Pulmonary Infiltrates Using Transfer Learning: State-Of-The-Art Results on Affordable Hardware
Authors: Bressem Keno K. , Niehues Stefan M. , Engel Günther , Hamm Bernd , Makowski Marcus R. , Vahldiek Janis L. , Adams Lisa C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Segmentation of pulmonary infiltrates can help assess severity of COVID-19, but manual segmentation is labor and time-intensive. Using neural networks to segment pulmonary infiltrates would enable automation of this task. However, training a 3D U-Net from computed tomography (CT) data is time- and resource-intensive. In this work, we therefore developed and tested a solution on how transfer learning can be used to train state-of-the-art segmentation models on limited hardware and in shorter time. We use the recently published RSNA International COVID-19 Open Radiology Database (RICORD) to train a fully three-dimensional U-Net architecture using an 18-layer 3D ResNet, pretrained on the Kinetics-400 dataset as encoder. The generalization of the model was then tested on two openly available datasets of patients with COVID-19, who received chest CTs (Corona Cases and MosMed datasets). Our model performed comparable to previously published 3D U-Net architectures, achieving a mean Dice score of 0.679 on the tuning dataset, 0.648 on the Coronacases dataset and 0.405 on the MosMed dataset. Notably, these results were achieved with shorter training time on a single GPU with less memory available than the GPUs used in previous studies.
Mortality and Risk Factors in Patients With COVID-19 in Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Analytic Study
Authors: Ordoñez Edy Rolando Quizhpe , Montalvo Eduardo , Paez Maritza , Guevara Tatiana , Flores Danny , Costales Dennise , Vidal Luis , Maldonado Augusto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: In Ecuador, a high mortality was observed during the maximum peak of COVID-19 cases in spring/summer 2020. Thus, 10000 thousand more deaths were registered in 2020 compared to 2019 in the same period time. A few researchers in Latin America have identified clinical conditions that could be associated with severity and mortality of this disease. The aim of this study was to describe main clinical characteristics and risk factors in patients with COVID-19 in the Ecuadorian context. Methods: A cross sectional analytic study was conducted from March to July 2020. Adult patients with COVID-19 confirmed by PCR test and admitted in emergency service was included in this study. Descriptive statistical measures were computed, and Chi-squared and logistic regression were performed to analyze associations between categorical variables. Results: The main results of 157 patients, showed that had a high prevalence of comorbidities (45%), and the case-fatality rate in this group was around 37%. Hypertension (17.83%) and diabetes (14.65%) were the most prevalent chronic diseases with a significant difference between sex groups (p value 0.00). Risk factor such as age more than 65 years, presence of comorbidities such as non-communicable diseases, and abnormalities in blood markers like urea, AST, lactate, leucocytes, PO2 and D-dimer increased risk to die in this population. Conclusions: The elevated prevalence of non-communicable diseases (hypertension and diabetes) contributed to a high mortality in adult patients with COVID-19. Huge challenges must face health care systems in the Latin America countries due to the high prevalence of these diseases.
Theoretical study of the electric and the magnetic dipole in UV-Vis and ECD of fluralaner: the folded conformation and the extended conformation
Authors: ziadi kamal 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In our contribution, we have carried out a theoretical study of the transition characteristics of one-photon absorption (OPA) spectra of the folded conformation and the extended conformation of fluralaner. The electronic transitions in OPA are visualized with charge difference density (CDD) and transition density matrix (TDM) to explain the charge transfer via hole-electron distribution. We also analyze the transition dipole electric/ magnetic moment by using the isosurface (real space) and TDM diagram in order to determine the portions of molecules which have the most contribution in ECD spectra.
Coulomb Blockade Effects by Single Electron Tunneling Methods in Cylindrical Dual Gate OLET Configuration
Authors: Ojha Sandeep Kumar , Kumar Brijesh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the field of nano electronics some nano-structure applications such as quantum dots (QDs), wires, wells and bulks must have distinctive potentials. These crystal structures emerged by an inorganic organic hybrid halide materials which processes in tremendous optoelectronic applications like electroluminescence, photoluminescence quantum yield (93.2%). There is a need of coupling to their surroundings by these structures which can either add or subtract electrons from the electrodes. As per state of the art the significant research efforts in about an isolated quantum dot coupling through tunneling of two leads that is source lead for supply of electrons and a drain lead for removes of electrons and their performances will be offered and discussed in the view for the realization of possible between Dual Gate Cylindrical Organic Light Emitting Transistor (OLET) architectures. In this article we examined the optical as well as electrical characteristics operation of cylindrical Dual Gate OLET (CDGOLET). Last year perovskite quantum dot (PQD) most preferred for the purpose of light-emitting transistors with high brightness of up to 1.432× 104 cd m− 2, high electron mobility’s of up to 14.052 cm2 v− 1 s− 1, and their external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of up to 1.85% operating at a source drain operating potential of 50 V.
Shear Strength Deterioration Effect and Slope Reliability Analysis&nbsp;Under Extreme Ice-snow Melting Conditions&nbsp;
Authors: Xiong Tongqiang , Li Jianlin , Wang Lehua , Deng Huafeng , Xu Xiaoliang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Extreme ice-snow melting in winter affects the infiltration process of snow water on the slope surface significantly, and plays an important role in the deformation stability of landslide. The fluctuation trend of slope stability under ice-snow melting is the same as that of soil volume water content. The deterioration effect of mechanical parameters will directly affect the deformation stability of bank slope. Based on this, the ice-snow melting cycle model test of slope soil was designed and carried out. The results are showed.(1) We were established an ice-snow melting model based on physical process. In the process of ice-snow melting, the soil cohesion and internal friction Angle have obvious deterioration effect .The deterioration of cohesion is obviously larger than that of internal friction Angle. In the early part of the ice-snow melting cycle, the deterioration of shear strength parameters is very obvious. Among them, the deterioration of shear strength parameters caused by the first four ice-snow melting cycles accounted for about 70% of the total deterioration. After the G2/T2 ice-snow melting cycle, the degree of phase deterioration gradually decreases. The deterioration trend of shear parameters of soil samples gradually tends to be gentle. (2) In the ice-snow melting cycle, the inside of the soil samples have micro-cracks, fissures repeatedly opened and closed, gradually developed and converged. The result is that the soil samples change from dense state to loose state where internal cracks develop. The internal damage of soil samples is the fundamental reason for the gradual deterioration of shear strength.（3）We are keep to the relative independence principle of creep model and unsaturated seepage equation. We are studied and improved the parameter solving method of creep model. The modified model is reasonable and effective. The creep trend and main characteristics of the unsaturated soil can be described well. Shear strength deterioration effect and slope reliability analysis under extreme ice-snow melting conditions .It has important reference significance to the protection of extreme snow and ice disaster on the bank slope.
Patterns of livestock depredation and human-wildlife conflict in Misgar valley of Hunza, Pakistan
Authors: Bano Rubina , Khan Akbar , Mehmood Tahir , Sami Waqas , Khan Muhammad Zafar , Abass $aed , Shedyi Arshad Ali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Predators can cause a significant economic damage though preyed on livestock. These conflicts prompt a negative attitude towards their conservation and also leads towards retaliatory killing. Here we composed data from 100 household on livestock using a semi-structured questionnaire survey from 2014 to 2019 on livestock population, depredation patterns, predation count and conservation approaches. The poison regression model showed significant increasesd of predation count at P<0.05 among 22 influential factors such as age , gender, occupation, education of respondent, estimated population of predators, threats index for predators and conservation. A total of 364 out of 9270 livestock damaged by predators and non-predatory factors during the last six years. Among them 168 (1.81 %) attributed by wolf, 142 (1.53 %) by snow leopard and 54 (0.58%) by non-predatory factors. Our results showed an increase of 11 % in the overall population and an average of 60 animals were preyed by predators and non-predatory factors each year. The foremost threat to the mammalian predator was retaliatory killing. The guarded grazing and construction of predator-proof corral pens were identified to protect the domestic livestock predation by wolf and snow leopard respectively. This study specifies measures of conservation to minimize human-carnivore conflicts.
A Nomogram for Predicting the Risk of Common Bile Duct Stones Based on Preoperative Laboratory Tests and Ultrasonography&nbsp;
Authors: Wu Kai , Wang Dong , Zhu Jiegao , Liu Kun , Wu Hongwei , Liu Jun , Guo Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the predictive factors for common bile duct (CBD) stone and establish a nomogram model based on the preoperative laboratory tests and imaging findings.Methods: A total of 1701 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) combined with common bile duct exploration (CBDE) for suspected choledochlithiasis from November 2014 to October 2020 were eligible for this analysis. All patients were divided into the training set (from November 2014 to November 2019, n=1,453) and validation set (from November 2019 to October 2020, n=248) based on the admission time. The predictive factors for CBD stone were determined by the univariate and multivariate logistic regression model. A nomogram model for predicting the presence of CBD stone was developed based on significant variables, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the predictive performance of the nomogram. Results: The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that multiple gallbladder stones (OR: 7.463, 95%CI: 5.437-10.243, P<0.001), the maximal diameter of CBD stone measured by preoperative ultrasonography (OR for 0.8-1.5 cm: 4.756, 95%CI: 3.513-6.438, P<0.001; OR for 1.5-2.0 cm: 9.597, 95%CI: 4.621-19.931, P<0.001; OR for >2.0 cm: 24.473, 95%CI: 2.809-213.207, P<0.001), preoperative GGT level (OR for 90-225 U/L: 2.828, 95%CI: 1.898-4.214, P<0.001; OR for 225-450 U/L: 9.994, 95%CI: 4.668-21.403, P<0.001; OR for >450 U/L: 12.535, 95%CI: 4.452-35.292, P<0.001) and DB/TB ratio (OR: 394.329, 95%CI: 79.575-1954.064, P<0.001) were independent predictive factors for CBD stone. The nomogram model for predicting the presence of CBD stone was developed based on the above-mentioned variables. ROC curve showed that the C-index of the nomogram model for the training set and validation set was 0.875 (95% CI: 0.857-0.893) and 0.834 (95% CI: 0.784-0.883), which were better than that of MRCP for preoperative diagnosis of CBD stone. The calibration curve and DCA curve demonstrated that the nomogram model had a good clinical utility for predicting the presence of CBD stone .Conclusion: The nomogram based on preoperative laboratory tests and ultrasonography had an excellent predictive power for CBD stone, and it might provide useful information for making treatment strategies.
Wheat Quality Estimation Using Vision-Based Digital Image Analysis
Authors: Csákvári Edina , Halassy Melinda , Enyedi Attila , Gyulai Ferenc , Berke József 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEinkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L. subs. monococcum) plays an increasingly important role in agriculture, promoted by organic farming. Although the number of comparative studies about modern and ancient types of wheats are increasing, there are still some knowledge gaps. The aim of the present study was to compare ancient, traditional and modern wheats using novel methods, including field study, laboratory stress experiment and vision-based digital image analysis. The yield and grain quality parameters based on the field experiment were measured with a near-infrared optical laboratory analyser. In order to predict the aboveground biomass production under nutrient deficiency and drought stress, a controlled experiment was set up in a growth chamber. Processing was performed by image segmentation using the Adobe Photoshop CC 20.04.4 Camera RAW 11.2 plug-in. Digital image parameters were determined with the open source software ImageJ and expressed in pixels of projected area, perimeter, bounding rectangle and Feret’s diameter.ResultsWe presented a fast, real-time, non-destructive and low-cost method for estimation of wheat quality. Based on the results, digital area is suitable to estimate aboveground biomass. Digital area outperformed other digital variables in biomass prediction in relation to stress, but height and Feret’s diameter better correlated with yield and grain quality parameters. The developed technique is easy to use to assess the growth and health status of plants. An RGB digital camera is easy to operate and image acquisition can be done at will, meanwhile conventional laboratory instruments are relatively expensive, very expert-intensive and time consuming.ConclusionOur study showed that digital image analysis could be a viable alternate means for the real-time estimation of aboveground biomass and for predicting yield and grain quality parameters. We suggest that the combination of various vision-based methods could improve the estimation of wheat performance in a non-destructive and real-time way. The results also demonstrated that modern wheats had better yield production and grain quality compared to einkorn wheats, but the latter were not far behind, thus the cultivation of various species could provide a diverse and sustainable agriculture.
Salinity-Temperature Sensor using One-Dimensional Deformed Photonic Crystal
Authors: Ali Naim Ben , Alsaif Haitham , Trabelsi Youssef , Chughtai Muhammad Tajammal , Vigneswaran D. , Kanzari Mounir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, new salinity and temperature sensor according to deformed one-dimensional photonic structure is proposed. The structure is constructed by alternating the couple of layers Air/Fused-Silica P-times. In the middle of the structure, a cavity containing the seawater is inserted to mesure its salinity and temperature. The Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) is used to simulate the wave-transmittance spectra. It is showed that, the quality factor (Q-factor) of the resonance peaks depends to the repetitive number (P) of layers. After that, the thickness of the layers is deformed by changing the deformation degree (h). The parameters P and h are optimized to get the maximal Q-factor with the minimal number of layers and structure’s thickness. The best sensitivity [[EQUATION]] of the proposed salinity sensor is 558.82 nm/RFIU with a detection limit of 0.0034 RFIU. In addition, the best sensitivity [[EQUATION]] of the designed temperature sensor is 600 nm/RFIU with a detection limit of 0.0005 RFIU.
A metastasis prediction model in non-small cell lung cancer using GLCM_contrast and epithelial mesenchymal transition related genes
Authors: Kim Byung-Chul , Lim Ilhan , Byun Byung Hyun , Kim Jingyu , Woo Sang-Keun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate a metastasis prediction model in non-small cell lung cancer by correlation next generation sequence gene expression level and fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography image features from non-small cell lung cancer patients.Methods: RNA-sequencing data and 18F-FDG PET images of 63 patients with NSCLC (29 metastasis and 34 non-metastasis) from The Cancer Imaging Archive and The Cancer Genome Atlas Program databases were used in a combined analysis. Weighted correlation network analysis was performed to identify gene groups were related metastasis. Module was selected with high module significance. Genes selection was performed by gene function related metastasis and high AUC (AUC > 0.6). A total of 47 image features were extracted from PET images as radiomics. The relationship of Gene expression and image features were calculated by using a hypergeometric distribution test with the Pearson correlation method. Metastasis prediction model was validated by random forest algorithm using image texture features related gene expression.Results: 36 modules were identified by gene expression pattern with WGCNA assay. The modules had highest module significance was selected assay. 7 genes from selected module were identified to involve in the epithelial mesenchymal transition pathway that have important role in the cancer metastasis and had high AUC. Also, expression of these genes was related to quantitative of image feature (GLCM_contrast, -log10 P-value: 2.45~3.89). The AUC value (accuracy: 0.856 ± 0.06, AUC: 0.868 ± 0.05) was shown from the EMT-related gene and GLCM_contrast model and AUC value (accuracy: 0.842 ± 0.06, AUC: 0.838 ± 0.09) was shown from GLCM_contrast image texture model. Conclusion: GLCM_contrast image texture feature shows relationship with EMT related gene expression. We developed a model for predicting metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer using 18F-FDG PET image feature and evaluated its accuracy.