bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of urine storage temperature and boric acid preservation on quantitative bacterial culture for diagnosing canine urinary tract infection
Authors: Hedström M. , Møller M. , Patsekhina H. , Damborg P. , Jessen L. R. , Sørensen T. M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Quantitative bacterial culture (QBC) is the gold standard for diagnosing canine urinary tract infection. Current guidelines recommend QBC within 24 h of urine collection and that unpreserved urine is refrigerated until culture. However, temperature-controlled transport is rarely feasible, indicating a need for alternative storage during transport of urine from primary veterinary practices to the microbiology laboratory.
The objective was to investigate the effect of storage temperature and boric acid sponge-preservation on quantitative bacterial culture of canine urine.

Results
Significant bacteriuria was detected in 72 out of 179 samples (40%) collected from 141 dogs. Overall accuracy was 94–98% for both storage conditions and time points. Non-inferiority (15% margin) to reference quantitative bacterial culture was evident for sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for both storage methods and time points, except for the negative predictive value for 48 h boric acid preservation (NPV: 89, 95% CI [79;95]). There was no significant difference between the sensitivity and specificity for either of the time-points (p-value = 0.07–1).

Conclusions
Boric acid sponge-preservation using Uriswab™ is a useful alternative to refrigeration of urine samples during transport. Reliable quantitative bacterial culture results can be obtained from canine urine up to 48 h after collection if urine is refrigerated, and for at least 24 h if urine is stored using a boric acid-containing urine transport system.
Association of low fasting C-peptide levels with cardiovascular risk, visit-to-visit glucose variation and severe hypoglycemia in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT)
Authors: Koska Juraj , Nuyujukian Daniel S. , Bahn Gideon D. , Zhou Jin J. , Reaven Peter D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aims
Low C-peptide levels, indicating beta-cell dysfunction, are associated with increased within-day glucose variation and hypoglycemia. In advanced type 2 diabetes, severe hypoglycemia and increased glucose variation predict cardiovascular (CVD) risk. The present study examined the association between C-peptide levels and CVD risk and whether it can be explained by visit-to-visit glucose variation and severe hypoglycemia.

Materials and methods
Fasting C-peptide levels at baseline, composite CVD outcome, severe hypoglycemia, and visit-to-visit fasting glucose coefficient of variation (CV) and average real variability (ARV) were assessed in 1565 Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial participants.

Results
There was a U-shaped relationship between C-peptide and CVD risk with increased risk with declining levels in the low range (< 0.50 nmol/l, HR 1.30 [95%CI 1.05–1.60], p = 0.02) and with rising levels in the high range (> 1.23 nmol/l, 1.27 [1.00–1.63], p = 0.05). C-peptide levels were inversely associated with the risk of severe hypoglycemia (OR 0.68 [0.60–0.77]) and visit-to-visit glucose variation (CV, standardized beta-estimate − 0.12 [SE 0.01]; ARV, − 0.10 [0.01]) (p < 0.0001 all). The association of low C-peptide levels with CVD risk was independent of cardiometabolic risk factors (1.48 [1.17–1.87, p = 0.001) and remained associated with CVD when tested in the same model with severe hypoglycemia and glucose CV.

Conclusions
Low C-peptide levels were associated with increased CVD risk in advanced type 2 diabetes. The association was independent of increases in glucose variation or severe hypoglycemia. C-peptide levels may predict future glucose control patterns and CVD risk, and identify phenotypes influencing clinical decision making in advanced type 2 diabetes.
Evidence-to-decision frameworks: a review and analysis to inform decision-making for environmental health interventions
Authors: Norris Susan L. , Aung Max T. , Chartres Nicholas , Woodruff Tracey J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Evidence-to-decision (EtD) frameworks provide a structured and transparent approach for groups of experts to use when formulating recommendations or making decisions. While extensively used for clinical and public health recommendations, EtD frameworks are not in widespread use in environmental health. This review sought to identify, compare and contrast key EtD frameworks for decisions on interventions used in clinical medicine, public health or environmental health. This information can be used to develop an EtD framework suitable for formulating recommendations for interventions in environmental health.

Methods
We identified a convenience sample of EtD frameworks used by a range of organizations. We searched Medline for systematic reviews of frameworks. We summarized the decision criteria in the selected frameworks and reviews in a qualitative manner.

Findings
Fourteen organizations provided 18 EtD frameworks; most frameworks focused on clinical medicine or public health interventions; four focused on environmental health and three on economic considerations. Harms of interventions were examined in all frameworks and benefits in all but one. Other criteria included certainty of the body of evidence (15 frameworks), resource considerations (15), feasibility (13), equity (12), values (11), acceptability (11), and human rights (2). There was variation in how specific criteria were defined. The five identified systematic reviews reported a similar spectrum of EtD criteria.

Interpretation
The EtD frameworks examined encompassed similar criteria, with tailoring to specific audience needs. Existing frameworks are a useful starting point for development of one tailored to decision-making in environmental health.

Funder
JPB Foundation.
Intussusception after reconstruction following gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Xia Feng , Sun Zhen , Wu Jian-Hong , Zou You 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer is the most prevalent tumor in Chinese men, and surgery is currently the most important treatment. Billroth II and Roux-en-Y are the anastomosis methods used for reconstruction after gastrectomy. Jejunal intussusception is a rare complication after gastric surgery.

Main Body
Intussusception after gastric surgery occurs mostly at the gastrojejunostomy site for Billroth II reconstruction, and the Y-anastomosis site for Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Many studies have reported that postoperative intussusception appears at the anastomosis after bariatric surgery, while a few have reported intussusception at the anastomosis and its distal end after radical gastrectomy.

Conclusion
A review was carried out to analyze intussusception after radical gastrectomy with roux-en-y anastomosis during the current situation. And the relevant mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment methods, etc. are described, hoping to provide better guidance for clinicians
Characteristics of the vaginal microbiome in women with premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Wu Jiaman , Ning Yan , Tan Liya , Chen Yan , Huang Xingxian , Zhuo Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the relationship between vaginal microbial community structure and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).

Methods
Twenty-eight women with POI and 12 healthy women were recruited at Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital between August and September 2020. Blood samples were collected for glucose tests and detection of sex hormone levels and vaginal secretions were collected for microbial group determination. Vaginal microbial community profiles were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq system (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA).

Results
Compared to the controls, the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and the follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone ratio, significantly increased, and oestradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone levels significantly decreased in women with POI. Higher weighted UniFrac values were observed in women with POI than in healthy women. Bacteria in the genera Lactobacillus, Brevundimonas, and Odoribacter were more abundant in the microbiomes of healthy women, while the quantity of bacteria in the genus Streptococcus was significantly increased in the microbiomes of women with POI. Moreover, these differences in microbes in women with POI were closely related to follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, oestradiol, and anti-Müllerian hormone levels and to the follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone ratio.

Conclusions
Women with POI had altered vaginal microbial profiles compared to healthy controls. The alterations in their microbiomes were associated with serum hormone levels. These results will improve our understanding of the vaginal microbial community structure in women with POI.

Trial registration
CHICTR, ChiCTR2000029576. Registered 3 August 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=48844.
Clinical phenotypes and prognostic factors of adult-onset Still’s disease: data from a large inpatient cohort
Authors: Li Rui , Liu Xiaolei , Chen Guangliang , Tang Guo , Chen Xiaoxiang , Liu Xuesong , Wang Juan , Lu Liangjing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To define different clinical phenotypes and assess prognostic factors of adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD).

Methods
Overall, 492 patients with AOSD seen between 2004 and 2018 at a single centre were retrospectively studied.

Results
Of these patients, 78% were female, and the median age at onset was 34 (25–49) years [median (25th–75th percentile)]. The median follow-up time was 7 (3–10) years [median (25th–75th percentile)]. Clinical manifestations at admission were used to subdivide patients with AOSD as follows: systemic inflammation (cluster 1), pure (cluster 2), and intermediate (cluster 3). Each subtype had distinct clinical manifestations and prognoses: cluster 1 (34.6%)—multiple organ manifestations, highest infection rate and mortality, and more than half of the patients with at least one relapse during follow-up; cluster 2 (21.3%)—exclusively female, rash and joint involvement, no internal organ involvement, no mortality, and most of the patients with a monocyclic course; and cluster 3 (44.1%)—less infection rate, no serious complications, and lower mortality rate. The 5- and 10-year survival rates after diagnosis were 92.4% and 86.9%, respectively. Independent risk factors for mortality were age at onset ≥50 (hazard ratio (HR): 6.78, 95% CI: 2.10–21.89), hepatomegaly (HR: 5.05, 95% CI: 1.44–17.70), infection (HR: 15.56, 95% CI: 5.88–41.20), and MAS (HR: 26.82, 95% CI: 7.52–95.60).

Conclusion
Three subtypes of AOSD were identified with distinct clinical manifestations and prognoses. Age at onset ≥50, hepatomegaly, infection, and MAS were prognostic factors for AOSD mortality.
Do ARISCAT scores help to predict the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in elderly patients after upper abdominal surgery? An observational study at a single university hospital
Authors: Nithiuthai Jitsupa , Siriussawakul Arunotai , Junkai Rangsinee , Horugsa Nutthakorn , Jarungjitaree Sunit , Triyasunant Namtip 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) is increasing in line with the rise in the number of surgical procedures performed on geriatric patients. In this study, we determined the incidence and risk factors of PPCs in elderly Thai patients who underwent upper abdominal procedures, and we investigated whether the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia (ARISCAT) score helps to predict PPCs in Thais.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on upper abdominal surgical patients aged over 65 years who had been admitted to the surgical ward of Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand, between January 2016 and December 2019. Data were collected on significant PPCs using the European Perioperative Clinical Outcome definitions. To identify risk factors, evaluations were made of the relationships between the PPCs and various preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors, including ARISCAT scores.

Results
In all, 1100 elderly postoperative patients were analyzed. Their mean age was 73.6 years, and 48.5% were male. Nearly half of their operations were laparoscopic cholecystectomies. The incidence of PPCs was 7.7%, with the most common being pleural effusion, atelectasis, and pneumonia. The factors associated with PPCs were preoperative oxygen saturation less than 96% (OR = 2.6, 1.2–5.5), albumin level below 3.5 g/dL (OR = 1.7, 1.0–2.8), duration of surgery exceeding 3 h (OR = 2.0, 1.0–4.2), and emergency surgery (OR = 2.8, 1.4–5.8). There was a relationship between ARISCAT score and PPC incidence, with a correlation coefficient of 0.226 (P < 0.001). The area under the curve was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.665–0.774; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
PPCs are common in elderly patients. They are associated with increased levels of postoperative morbidities and extended ICU and hospital stays. Using the ARISCAT score as an assessment tool facilitates the classification of Thai patients into PPC risk groups. The ARISCAT scoring system might be able to be similarly applied in other Southeast Asian countries.
A meta-analysis of the therapeutic effect of intranasal salmon calcitonin on osteoporosis
Authors: Li Ning , Gong Yi Chen , Chen Jianer 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intranasal salmon calcitonin in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Methods
Eight Chinese and English databases were searched by electronic search (from the establishment of the database to October 2019). The literature was screened according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, the quality was evaluated according to Cochrane software, and the Review Manager 5.2 software was used for statistical analysis.

Results
A total of 374 documents were retrieved and 12 (12 original studies) were included after the screening, with a total sample capacity of 1068 cases. Meta-analysis showed that the intranasal salmon calcitonin had obvious advantages in reducing blood calcium, improving the ratio of serum creatinine and alkaline phosphatase. In addition, the intranasal salmon calcitonin had no obvious advantages in other indicators. It cannot be illustrated that the combination of intranasal salmon calcitonin and other conventional drugs is more effective than the simple use of conventional drugs.

Conclusion
The intranasal salmon calcitonin is superior to conventional drugs in reducing blood calcium, increasing creatinine ratio, and alkaline phosphatase, but its advantages in other indicators such as improving the bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae and hip have not been confirmed, and it is not clear that the combination of intranasal salmon calcitonin and other conventional drugs is better than the simple conventional drugs.
Antidepressant efficacy of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in antidepressant-nonresponding bipolar depression: a single-blind randomized sham-controlled trial
Authors: Mak Arthur D. P. , Neggers Sebastiaan F. W. , Leung Owen N. W. , Chu Winnie C. W. , Ho Jenny Y. M. , Chou Idy W. Y. , Chan Sandra S. M. , Lam Linda C. W. , Lee Sing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
To examine the antidepressant efficacy and response predictors of R-DLPFC-LF rTMS for antidepressant-nonresponding BD.

Methods
We conducted a single-blind randomized sham-controlled trial for 54 (28 sham, 26 active) patients with antidepressant-nonresponding BD (baseline MADRS ≥ 20). Patients received 15 daily sessions of active or sham neuronavigated rTMS (Figure-of-8 coil, five 1 Hz 60 s 110% RMT trains). Outcome measures included depressive response (≥ 50% MADRS reduction, CGI ≤ 2) and remission (MADRS < 7, CGI = 1) rates, treatment emergent hypo/mania (YMRS), depressive and anxiety symptoms (HAM-A).

Results
48 patients (25 sham, 23 active) completed treatment, with 3 drop-outs each in active and sham groups. Active rTMS did not produce superior response or remission rates at endpoint or 6 or 12 weeks (ps > 0.05). There was no significant group * time interaction (ps > 0.05) in a multivariate ANOVA with MADRS, HAMA and YMRS as dependent variables. Exploratory analysis found MADRS improvement to be moderated by baseline anxiety (p = 0.02) and melancholia (p = 0.03) at week 3, and depressive onset at weeks 6 (p = 0.03) and 12 (p = 0.04). In subjects with below-mean anxiety (HAMA < 20.7, n = 24), MADRS improvement from active rTMS was superior to sham at week 3 (ITT, t = 2.49, p = 0.04, Cohen’s d = 1.05). No seizures were observed. Groups did not differ in treatment-emergent hypomania (p = 0.1).

Limitations
Larger sample size might be needed to power subgroup analyses. Moderation analyses were exploratory. Single-blind design. Unblinding before follow-up assessments due to ethical reasons.

Conclusions
1-Hz 110% RMT (5 × 60 s trains) R-DLPFC-LF rTMS was not effective for antidepressant non-responding BD but may be further investigated at increased dosage and/or in BD patients with low anxiety.
Trial registration CCRB Clinical Trials Registry, CUHK, CUHK_CCT00440. Registered 04 December 2014, https://www2.ccrb.cuhk.edu.hk/registry/public/279
FAT score: an Indian insight to a novel diagnostic score to differentiate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from simple steatosis
Authors: Varghese Jijo , K V Anoop , Devadas Krishnadas , Tom Tharun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to propose a simple predictive score to differentiate NASH from simple steatosis.

Results
This study included 64 patients who had biopsy-proven NAFLD, of which 34 patients had steatohepatitis and 30 had simple steatosis. Clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical variables of the study population were analyzed. Univariate analysis showed platelet count, ferritin, and transaminases (ALT&AST) were predictors of NASH. This led to the proposal of a new diagnostic tool, FAT score (F signifies Ferritin, A indicates AST&ALT, T denotes t in Platelet) with AUROC of 0.95. The ROC curves for the significant variables were plotted and cutoff values were identified. Each component is awarded a score of 0 or 1, based on this cutoff value. The component is awarded a score of 1 if the component score is above the cutoff value and 0, if the score is below cutoff. The maximum score which can be obtained is 4. A score of ≥ 3 was able to predict NASH from simple steatosis with a sensitivity of 76.5% and a specificity of 100%. The score was validated with a cohort of 84 liver biopsy patients wherein a cutoff ≥ 3 was found to give a specificity of 100% in the validation cohort.

Conclusions
FAT score is a simple predictive model to differentiate NASH from simple steatosis (cutoff of more than or equal to 3) without performing a liver biopsy. A FAT score less than 3 rules out the need for biopsy.
Smad4 controls proliferation of interstitial cells in the neonatal kidney
Authors: McCarthy Sarah S. , Karolak Michele , Oxburgh Leif 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Expansion of interstitial cells in the adult kidney is a hallmark of chronic disease, whereas their proliferation during fetal development is necessary for organ formation. An intriguing difference between adult and neonatal kidneys is that the neonatal kidney has the capacity to control interstitial cell proliferation when the target number has been reached. In this study, we define the consequences of inactivating the TGFβ/Smad response in the mouse interstitial cell lineage. We find that pathway inactivation through loss of Smad4 leads to overproliferation of interstitial cells regionally in the kidney medulla. Analysis of markers for BMP and TGFβ pathway activation reveals that loss of Smad4 primarily reduces TGFβ signaling in the interstitium. Whereas TGFβ signaling is reduced in these cells, marker analysis shows that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is increased. Our analysis supports a model in which Wnt/β-catenin-mediated proliferation is attenuated by TGFβ/Smad to ensure that proliferation ceases when the target number of interstitial cells has been reached in the neonatal medulla.
DPPA2 and DPPA4 are dispensable for mouse zygotic genome activation and pre-implantation development
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Xie Zhenfei , Zhang Yi 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
How maternal factors in oocytes initiate zygotic genome activation (ZGA) remains elusive in mammals, partly due to the challenge of de novo identification of key factors using scarce materials. Two-cell (2C)-like cells have been widely used as an in vitro model in order to understand mouse ZGA and totipotency because of their expression of a group of two-cell embryo-specific genes and their simplicity for genetic manipulation. Recent studies indicate that DPPA2 and DPPA4 are required for establishing the 2C-like state in mouse embryonic stem cells in a DUX-dependent manner. These results suggest that DPPA2 and DPPA4 are essential maternal factors that regulate Dux and ZGA in embryos. By analyzing maternal knockout and maternal-zygotic knockout embryos, we unexpectedly found that DPPA2 and DPPA4 are dispensable for Dux activation, ZGA and pre-implantation development. Our study suggests that 2C-like cells do not fully recapitulate two-cell embryos in terms of regulation of two-cell embryo-specific genes, and, therefore, caution should be taken when studying ZGA and totipotency using 2C-like cells as the model system.
DHA-containing phospholipids control membrane fusion and transcellular tunnel dynamics
Authors: Tsai Meng-Chen , Fleuriot Lucile , Janel Sébastien , Gonzalez-Rodriguez David , Morel Camille , Mettouchi Amel , Debayle Delphine , Dallongeville Stéphane , Olivo-Marin Jean-Christophe , Antonny Bruno , Lafont Frank , Lemichez Emmanuel , Barelli Hélène 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Metabolic studies and animal knockout models point to the critical role of polyunsaturated docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, DHA)-containing phospholipids (DHA-PLs) in physiology. Here, we investigated the impact of DHA-PLs on the dynamics of transendothelial cell macroapertures (TEMs) triggered by RhoA inhibition-associated cell spreading. Lipidomic analyses showed that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) subjected to a DHA diet undergo a 6-fold enrichment in DHA-PLs at the plasma membrane (PM) at the expense of monounsaturated oleic acid-containing PLs (OA-PLs). Consequently, DHA-PL enrichment at the PM induces a reduction in cell thickness and shifts cellular membranes towards a permissive mode of membrane fusion for transcellular tunnel initiation. We provide evidence that a global homeostatic control of membrane tension and cell cortex rigidity minimizes overall changes of TEM area through a decrease of TEM size and lifetime. Conversely, low DHA-PL levels at the PM lead to the opening of unstable and wider TEMs. Together, this provides evidence that variations of DHA-PL levels in membranes affect cell biomechanical properties.