bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Rhubarb for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy in Animals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zeng Jing-Yi , Wang Yu , Miao Miao , Bao Xiao-Rong 
Published: June 2021

Background: Rhubarb, also known as Da Huang, is a traditional Chinese medicine, and it was often used as a laxative in the past. Recently, multiple studies have applied rhubarb to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN). Anthraquinones, including emodin and rhein, have been extracted from rhubarb and used to explore the effective components and possible mechanisms of rhubarb for DN. Evaluating the efficacy of rhubarb may provide a scientific reference for the clinical application of rhubarb for the treatment of DN.Objective: 1) To evaluate the efficacy of rhubarb in the treatment of DN; 2) To identify the most effective ingredient of rhubarb for DN; 3) To explore the specific mechanism of rhubarb in treating DN.Methods: Data sources: related studies were identified by searching Cochrane Library, Ovid-EMBASE, PubMed, SinoMed, WanFang, VIP, CNKI, and other Chinese magazines.Assessment and analysis: SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal studies was used to assess the quality of articles. The meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data analysis adopted RevMan 5.3 and STATA 12.0 software.This study was published in the register with PROSPERO, number CRD42020204701.Results: Aggregated data were collected from 27 eligible studies. The results illustrated an intense improvement in the following outcomes in rhubarb-treated animals with DN (p &lt; 0.05): blood glucose, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), urine protein (UP), urinary albumin excretion (UAE), renal index (two kidneys weight/body weight, KW/BW), tubulointerstitial injury index (TII), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) mRNA and protein, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein, and E-cadherin (E-cad) protein. Of these, DN animals with rhubarb exhibited a significantly higher level of E-cad protein. In addition, the level of the other outcomes mentioned above decreased significantly, while there was no significant association between the intervention and nephrin protein (p &gt; 0.05).Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that rhubarb has a positive therapeutic effect on animals with DN, which may provide confidence and some theoretical reference for clinical application to a certain extent.
Scientific Cooperation and the Co-production of Scientific Outcomes for Physical Activity Promotion: Results From a Transdisciplinary Research Consortium
Authors: Ferschl Susanne , Till Maike , Abu-Omar Karim , Pfeifer Klaus , Gelius Peter 
Published: June 2021

Background: To tackle complex societal challenges such as the high prevalence of physical inactivity, research funding is increasingly channeled toward cross-disciplinary research consortia. This study focused on exchange and cooperation (E&amp;C) among the scientists of a 5-year transdisciplinary research initiative in Germany. Researchers' perceptions of E&amp;C were combined with numbers of collaborative products during the project's life to make the developments of E&amp;C and the quality of collaborative products visible.Methods: We applied a mixed-methods design including a qualitative content analysis of pre-interviews, focus-group interviews, and documents as well as a quantitative analysis of research (scientific publications, books, conference participations) and training outcomes (supervised bachelor's, master's, and Ph.D. theses). Inductive and deductive approaches were combined to analyze factors of collaborative readiness and to identify perceptions of E&amp;C among project teams. Based on Hall et al.'s “Conceptual Model for Evaluation of Collaborative Initiatives,” the project period was separated into phases of “collaborative readiness,” “collaborative capacity,” and “collaborative products.”Results: Our findings revealed a discrepancy between the objectively assessed concepts of collaborative readiness and researchers' reported perceptions of E&amp;C during the early project stage. A set of E&amp;C hindering factors identified during the initial project phase remained present until the final project stage. Further, E&amp;C among scientists increased over time, as reflected by researchers' perceptions. Reports of scientists also showed that outcomes were co-produced at the final project stage for the first time, while knowledge integration had not yet been achieved. Generally, the number of collaborative products (particularly scientific publications) also substantially increased over time. E&amp;C was supported and promoted by the efforts of the coordinating sub-project.Conclusion: Scientific E&amp;C is a learning process and needs time to develop. A participatory research approach taking into account the perspectives on and requirements for E&amp;C during the project's design might lay the ground for suitable, supportive, and transparent conditions for effective and successful E&amp;C. Despite their time- and resource-consuming nature, cross-disciplinary research initiatives provide a fertile context in which to generate new solutions for pressing societal issues given that long-term funding and the establishment of an overarching coordination organ is assured.
Teknik Audit PerAkun(an) Desa: Menuju Tata kelola Desa yang Transparan dan Akuntabel
Authors: Syam M. Ardiansyah , Suratno Suratno , Djaddang Syahril 
Published: June 2021

Abstrak
Pengauditan pada organisasi sektor publik menjadi isu penting guna mewujudkan good governance. Pemeriksaan tersebut merupakan investigasi independen terhadap beberapa kegiatan tertentu, dalam hal ini lebih difokuskan pada tata kelola keuangan desa dan akuntansi. Mekanisme audit merupakan mekanisme yang dapat menggerakkan makna akuntabilitas dalam pengelolaan sektor publik dalam hal ini lembaga pengelola kekayaan negara termasuk pemerintah desa dan pengelolaan dan pemerintahan keuangan desa. Dengan berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa, membawa konsekuensi bahwa desa diberi kesempatan yang besar untuk mengurus sendiri pemerintahan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan kualitas hidup masyarakat pedesaan. Selain itu, pemerintah desa diharapkan lebih mandiri dalam mengelola pemerintahan dan berbagai sumber daya alam yang dimilikinya, termasuk dalam pengelolaan keuangan dan aset desa. Besar dan vitalnya peran yang diterima desa tentunya harus dibarengi dengan tanggung jawab dan akuntabilitas yang besar pula. Oleh karena itu, pemerintahan desa harus mampu menerapkan asas akuntabilitas dalam penyelenggaraannya, dimana semua kegiatan akhir pemerintahan desa harus dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kepada masyarakat desa sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.
Kata Kunci: Audit Sektor Publik, Akuntansi & Tata Kelola Desa, Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas.

Abstract
Auditing for public sector organizations has become an important issue in order to realize good governance. The audit is an independent investigation of several specific activities, in this case it is more focused on village financial governance and accounting. Audit mechanism is a mechanism that can move the meaning of accountability in the management of the public sector in this case the state asset management institutions including the village government and village finance management and governance. The enactment of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, has the consequence that villages are given a great opportunity to take care of their own governance and implementation of development to improve the welfare and quality of life of rural communities. In addition, the village government is expected to be more independent in managing the government and various natural resources they have, including the management of village finances and assets. The large and vital role that accepted by the village, of course,must accompanied by great responsibility and accountabilityas well. Therefore, the village government must be able to apply the principle of accountability in its governance, where all the end activities of village governance must be accountable to the village community in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
Keywords: public sector auditing, village accounting & governance, transparency and accountability.
La deuda de intereses en el derecho de la navegación marítima y aérea. / Interest debt in the law of maritime and air navigation
Authors: Viale Lescano Domingo Jerónimo , Ford Ferrer Guillermo 
Published: June 2021

En la primera parte: la ley de la navegación (20.094), nos referimos a los intereses del crédito naval, comenzando por el orden de los privilegios en el crédito naval, analizando los privilegios marítimos y la ley de concursos, así como los privilegios marítimos y el código civil y comercial. Luego señalamos que, como un rasgo atípico de los privilegios navales, comparados con el resto de los establecidos en el ordenamiento jurídico argentino, los intereses debidos por un (1) año gozan del mismo grado de privilegio que el capital (art. 474). Revisamos los privilegios sobre el buque, y destacamos cuáles son los créditos privilegiados. Pasamos luego revista a los intereses en la hipoteca naval, estudiando el contenido del instrumento de constitución de hipoteca. a continuación, nos detenemos en la determinación de la tasa de interés, para seguir con el embargo de buques, analizando lo que se refiere al buque con bandera nacional, donde señalamos que el embargo abarcará el importe de los intereses y la fianza. Tratamos luego el concurso especial de acreedores sobre un buque. En la segunda parte nos referimos al código aeronáutico, comenzando por la hipoteca aeronáutica, y siguiendo por los intereses, conforme al art. 767 del CCCN. ABSTRACT: In the first part: the law of navigation (20.094), we refer to the interests of the naval credit, starting with the order of privileges in the naval credit, analyzing the maritime privileges and the law of competitions, as well as maritime liens and the civil and commercial code. We then point out that, as an atypical feature of naval privileges, compared with the rest of those established in the argentine legal system, the interests due for one (1) year enjoy the same degree of privilege as capital (art. 474). We review the privileges on the ship, and highlight which are the privileged credits. we then review the interests in the naval mortgage, studying the content of the instrument of constitution of mortgage. Then we stop in the determination of the interest rate, to continue with the arrest of ships, analyzing what refers to the ship with national flag, where we point out that the arrest will cover the amount of the interest and the bond. We then discussed the special arrangement of creditors on a ship. In the second part we refer to the aeronautical code, starting with the aeronautical mortgage, and continuing with the interests, according to art. 767 of the CCCN.
Gut Bacteria Induce Granzyme B Expression in Human Colonic ILC3s In Vitro in an IL-15–Dependent Manner
Authors: Castleman Moriah J. , Dillon Stephanie M. , Thompson Tezha A. , Santiago Mario L. , McCarter Martin D. , Barker Edward , Wilson Cara C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in the gut mucosa have long been thought to be noncytotoxic lymphocytes that are critical for homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells through secretion of IL-22. Recent work using human tonsillar cells demonstrated that ILC3s exposed to exogenous inflammatory cytokines for a long period of time acquired expression of granzyme B, suggesting that under pathological conditions ILC3s may become cytotoxic. We hypothesized that inflammation associated with bacterial exposure might trigger granzyme B expression in gut ILC3s. To test this, we exposed human colon lamina propria mononuclear cells to a panel of enteric bacteria. We found that the Gram-negative commensal and pathogenic bacteria induced granzyme B expression in a subset of ILC3s that were distinct from IL-22–producing ILC3s. A fraction of granzyme B+ ILC3s coexpressed the cytolytic protein perforin. Granzyme B expression was mediated, in part, by IL-15 produced upon exposure to bacteria. ILC3s coexpressing all three IL-15R subunits (IL15Rα/β/γ) increased following bacterial stimulation, potentially allowing for cis presentation of IL-15 during bacterial exposure. Additionally, a large frequency of colonic myeloid dendritic cells expressed IL-15Rα, implicating myeloid dendritic cells in trans presentation of IL-15 to ILC3s. Tonsillar ILC3s minimally expressed granzyme B when exposed to the same bacteria or to rIL-15. Overall, these data establish the novel, to our knowledge, finding that human colonic ILC3s can express granzyme B in response to a subset of enteric bacteria through a process mediated by IL-15. These observations raise new questions about the multifunctional role of human gut ILC3s.
Complement Receptor 3 Forms a Compact High-Affinity Complex with iC3b
Authors: Jensen Rasmus K. , Bajic Goran , Sen Mehmet , Springer Timothy A. , Vorup-Jensen Thomas , Andersen Gregers R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Complement receptor 3 (CR3, also known as Mac-1, integrin αMβ2, or CD11b/CD18) is expressed on a subset of myeloid and certain activated lymphoid cells. CR3 is essential for the phagocytosis of complement-opsonized particles such as pathogens and apoptotic or necrotic cells opsonized with the complement fragment iC3b and, to a lesser extent, C3dg. Although the interaction between the iC3b thioester domain and the ligand binding CR3 αM I-domain is structurally and functionally well characterized, the nature of additional CR3–iC3b interactions required for phagocytosis of complement-opsonized objects remains obscure. In this study, we analyzed the interaction between iC3b and the 150-kDa headpiece fragment of the CR3 ectodomain. Surface plasmon resonance experiments demonstrated a 30 nM affinity of the CR3 headpiece for iC3b compared with 515 nM for the iC3b thioester domain, whereas experiments monitoring binding of iC3b to CR3-expressing cells suggested an affinity of 50 nM for the CR3–iC3b interaction. Small angle x-ray scattering analysis revealed that iC3b adopts an extended but preferred conformation in solution. Upon interaction with CR3, iC3b rearranges to form a compact receptor–ligand complex. Overall, the data suggest that the iC3b–CR3 interaction is of high affinity and relies on minor contacts formed between CR3 and regions outside the iC3b thioester domain. Our results rationalize the more efficient phagocytosis elicited by iC3b than by C3dg and pave the way for the development of specific therapeutics for the treatment of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases that do not interfere with the recognition of noncomplement CR3 ligands.
Comparison of maternal health services and indicators in three districts of the Volta Region, Ghana
Authors: Nam Eun Woo , Zakaria Afisah , Adams Festus , Jun Young Suk , Adanu Richard 
Published: June 2021

Background: Ghana’s maternal mortality ratio continues to decline, but is not expected to meet the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 target. The Ghana Health Service and Ministry of Health have displayed a high commitment to the improvement of maternal health in the country. One of the most recent partnerships directed at this is with the Korea International Cooperation Agency.Methods: This study was conducted among women between ages 15 and 49 resident in Keta Municipal, Ketu North and Ketu South districts in the Volta Region of Ghana who were pregnant or who had children aged less than five. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ghana Health Service Ethical Review Committee. Data were collected using questionnaires, entered into Stata version 12 and analyzed using frequency distribution and assessment of means. Comparisons among districts were conducted using chi square test and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: The study covered 630 women whose mean age was 28.4 years. Almost all participants (99.1%) from Ketu North knew where to obtain family planning services. Use of modern contraception was highest in Ketu North with 31% of respondents using a modern method. Delivery in a health facility was highest in Keta Municipal (62.3%) with overall institutional delivery being 57.6%. Delivery by a skilled birth attendant (SBA) was also highest in Keta Municipal.Conclusion: Indicators used to assess maternal health services show a coverage of over 50% but we need to improve institutional delivery, use of modern contraception and education about danger signs in pregnancy. Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2013S1A5B8A01055336) and the Korea International Cooperation Agency(2013).Keywords: Maternal Health, Ghana, Volta Region, Family Planning, Skilled Birth Attendant
Repercussões da pandemia da covid-19 nos profissionais de saúde: como está quem está na linha de frente?
Authors: Schons Andressa Karine , May Andressa Fátima , Muller Claudia Teresinha , Albuquerque Flávia Michelle Pereira , Rodrigues Edenilson Freitas , Lachno Michele Silva 
Published: June 2021

No cenário da pandemia da COVID-19, emerge enquanto protagonistas no cuidado coletivo, os trabalhadores de saúde que estão prestando à assistência direta e indireta a população. Este estudo tinha como objetivo verificar as repercussões da pandemia da COVID-19 na saúde mental, do trabalho e na física, dos profissionais de saúde da Fundação Municipal de Saúde de Santa Rosa (FUMSSAR). O estudo foi desenvolvido nas unidades de saúde da FUMSSAR. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de questionário autoaplicável, durante os meses de julho e setembro de 2020. Participaram do estudo 140 trabalhadores. Quando questionados sobre diagnósticos pré-existentes de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT), a maioria 80 (70,4%) afirmou não possuir nenhum diagnóstico prévio de DCNT. Em relação à COVID-19, a maioria - 71 (56,8%) - dos entrevistados afirmam não se sentirem seguros, em relação ao contágio pelo novo coronavírus, em seus locais de trabalho. Apesar do medo referido e do sentimento de insegurança na atuação, 61 (48,8%) não se afastaria do trabalho. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo auxiliam no delineamento da dimensão ocupacional durante a pandemia. Fatores como os sentimentos de medo quando da possibilidade de contaminação de familiares, transparece os elementos que constituem o sujeito para além do trabalho exercido, humanizando tais cuidadores. Espera-se que esta pesquisa auxilie na tomada de decisões em saúde voltadas para os profissionais de saúde que estão atuando na linha de frente no enfrentamento a pandemia da COVI-19.
ASSOCIATION OF INSOMNIA WITH EXCESSIVE INTERNET USE AMONG PHYSICAL THERAPY STUDENTS IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN
Authors: Rehman Ateeb , Zahra Syeda , Khan Rubia , Asghar Umer , Din Sana , Raza Shanza 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Objective of this study was to determine the association of insomnia with excessive internet use among physical therapy students in Lahore, Pakistan.
Methodology: It was an analytical cross sectional study which was completed in 6 months duration. Sample size of 220 male and female students were taken by non-probability convenient sampling technique from four private universities of Lahore, Pakistan. Insomnia severity Index and Internet Addiction Test used to measure the degree of insomnia and internet addiction among participants. The variables were measured in categorical form and chi square test used to establish the association between the variables.
Findings: Out of 69 average online users, 31(44.9%) were not having significant insomnia, 29(42%) with sub threshold insomnia, 8(11.6%) with moderate insomnia, and 1(1.4%) with severe insomnia. Out of 113 participants with occasional problems, 26(19.5%) were not having significant insomnia, 29(21.8%) with sub threshold insomnia, 55(41.4%) with moderate insomnia, and 23(17.3%) with severe insomnia. Insomnia and internet addiction were significantly associated and there was a strong positive relationship between the variables.
Recommendations: It was recommended that more studies should be done with larger sample size. Experimental studies should also be done on this topic. It was also recommended that Internet usage in university students should be restricted and monitored by the authorities like parents, hostel wardens etc. This could minimize the incidence of insomnia among students. This could improve the academic performance of students and also be helpful in improving their quality of life. Students should only use internet when required.
The role of microRNAs regulatory network in Alzheimer’s disease: a bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Sun Chenjing , Qi Xiaokun , Liu Jianguo , Duan Feng , Cong Lin 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease which presents with an earlier onset age and increased symptom severity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between regulation of miRNAs and AD.Material and methodsWe completed the bioinformatic analysis of miRNAs-AD studies through multiple databases such as TargetScan, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), FunRich and String and assessed which miRNAs are commonly elevated or decreased in brain tissues, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of AD. All identified articles were assessed using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsMiRNAs related to AD of twenty-eight studies were assessed in this study. A wide range of miRNAs were up-regulated or down-regulated in tissues of AD patient’s brain, blood and CSF. 27 differentially dysregulated miRNAs have identified involved in amyloidogenesis, inflammation, tau-phosphorylation, apoptosis, synaptogenesis, neurotrophism, neurons degradation, activates cell cycle entry. Additionally, our bioinformatics analysis identified the top ten functions of common miRNAs in candidate studies. The function of common up-regulated miRNAs primarily target nucleus and common down-regulated miRNAs primarily target transcription, DNA-templated.ConclusionsComprehensive analysis of all miRNAs studies reveals cooperation in miRNA signatures whether in brain tissues or in CSF and peripheral blood. More and more studies suggest that miRNAs may play crucial roles as diagnostic biomarkers and/or as new therapeutic targets in AD. According to biomarkers, we can identify the preclinical phase early that provides an important time-window for therapeutic intervention.
Inscripties lezen
Authors: de Bakker Mathieu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This contribution contains brief, introductory guidance on how to read Greek inscriptions. It discusses basic aspects of early Greek scripts, in particular the ‘light-blue’ alphabet of Athens as it was in use until the end of the 5th century BCE. Also included are sections on scriptio continua, punctuation, and numericals. Furthermore, some information is offered on spelling, phonology, morphology and syntax. Finally, the discourse units of a prototypical Athenian decree are analysed and related to underlying political procedures.