bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RapidEGFRevaluation from used H&E, IHC and FISH diagnostic slides with the Idylla platform
Authors: Nunnari Josè , Graziano Paolo , Muscarella Lucia Anna , Rossi Antonio , Grillo Lucia Rosalba , Montrone Giuseppe , Di Lorenzo Angela , Bronzini Monica , Leone Alvaro 
Published: February 2021

AimsDiagnostic tumour samples are mandatory for morphologic and molecular diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to establish the best therapeutic approach. In the presence of small tumour tissue sample, the pathologist needs to make responsible choices to achieve a correct diagnosis and save material for subsequent molecular evaluations. Nevertheless, in some instances, the diagnostic process can lead to tissue depletion. The automated Idylla epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation test has been developed to rapidly process formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pathologic material, without previous DNA extraction. This study aimed to test whether this platform is suitable for the reuse of H&E, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) diagnostic slides.MethodsA training set of 19 FFPE tissues with knownEGFRstatus was revaluated on H&E slides. Fourteen of them were also tested using IHC and FISH treated specimens. An additional series of 25 H&E, IHC or FISH slides of NSCLC cases tested forEGFRmutation at an external institution was blindly assessed as a validation cohort.ResultsCombining the two sets, 32 of 32 classical ex19dels and p.L858R were correctly identified. Three uncommon mutations (p.G719X, p.L861Q and ex20ins) were also detected. Four discrepancies were related to rare ex19del/ins not included in the Idylla list of detectable mutations. Two p.T790M variants were missed on one FFPE and two H&E slides but were detected using IHC and FISH sections from the same FFPE blocks.ConclusionsThe IdyllaEGFRmutation test is highly reliable using differently treated tumour specimens and should be validated in larger studies.
Complete flow control using transient concurrent rapid ventricular pacing or intravenous adenosine and afferent arterial balloon occlusion during transvenous embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: case series
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Dossani Rimal H , Vakharia Kunal , Rai Hamid H , Chin Felix , Tso Michael K , Rajah Gary B , Snyder Kenneth V , Davies Jason M , Levy Elad I , Iyer Vijay S , Siddiqui Adnan H 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThere are no reports that describe complete flow control using concurrent transient rapid ventricular pacing or intravenous (IV) adenosine and afferent arterial balloon flow arrest to aid transvenous embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM). We describe our experience with the use of this technique in patients undergoing transvenous AVM embolization.MethodsConsecutive patients in whom transvenous embolization was attempted at our institute between January 2017 and July 2019 were included. Anatomical AVM features, number of embolization stages, technique of concurrent transient rapid ventricular pacing and afferent arterial balloon flow arrest, complications, and clinical and radiological outcomes were recorded and tabulated.ResultsTransvenous AVM embolization was attempted in 12 patients but abandoned in two patients for technical reasons. Complete embolization was achieved in 10 patients, five of whom had infratentorial AVMs. All 10 had a single primary draining vein. Rapid ventricular pacing was used in nine cases; IV adenosine injection was used in one case to achieve cardiac standstill. Complete AVM nidus obliteration was achieved with excellent neurologic outcome in nine cases, with transvenous embolization alone in two cases, and with staged transarterial followed by transvenous embolization in the others. Two patients developed hemorrhagic complications intraprocedurally. One patient was managed conservatively and the other operatively with AVM excision and hematoma evacuation; both made an excellent recovery without any neurologic deficits at 3 months.ConclusionComplete flow control using concurrent transient rapid ventricular pacing with afferent arterial balloon flow arrest technique is safe and feasible for transvenous embolization of select AVMs.
Is a picture-perfect thrombectomy necessary in acute ischemic stroke?
Authors: Chen Ching-Jen , Chalhoub Reda , Ding Dale , Kumar Jeyan S , Ironside Natasha , Kellogg Ryan T , Worrall Bradford B , Southerland Andrew M , Jabbour Pascal , Wolfe Stacey Q , Arthur Adam S , Goyal Nitin , Fragata Isabel , Maier Ilko , Matouk Charles , Grossberg Jonathan A , Kan Peter , Schirmer Clemens M , Crowley R Webster , Ares William J , Ogilvy Christopher S , Rai Ansaar T , Levitt Michael R , Mokin Maxim , Guerrero Waldo R , Mascitelli Justin R , Yoo Albert J , Williamson Richard , Grande Andrew Walker , Crosa Roberto Javier , Webb Sharon , Psychogios Marios N , Starke Robert M , Spiotta Alejandro M , Park Min S 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe benefit of complete reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 3) over near-complete reperfusion (≥90%, mTICI 2c) remains unclear. The goal of this study is to compare clinical outcomes between mechanical thrombectomy (MT)-treated stroke patients with mTICI 2c versus 3.MethodsThis is a retrospective study from the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR) comprising 33 centers. Adults with anterior circulation arterial vessel occlusion who underwent MT yielding mTICI 2c or mTICI 3 reperfusion were included. Patients were categorized based on reperfusion grade achieved. Primary outcome was modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes were mRS scores at discharge and 90 days, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at discharge, procedure-related complications, and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage.ResultsThe unmatched mTICI 2c and mTICI 3 cohorts comprised 519 and 1923 patients, respectively. There was no difference in primary (42.4% vs 45.1%; p=0.264) or secondary outcomes between the unmatched cohorts. Reperfusion status (mTICI 2c vs 3) was also not predictive of the primary outcome in non-imputed and imputed multivariable models. The matched cohorts each comprised 191 patients. Primary (39.8% vs 47.6%; p=0.122) and secondary outcomes were also similar between the matched cohorts, except the 90-day mRS which was lower in the matched mTICI 3 cohort (p=0.049). There were increased odds of the primary outcome with mTICI 3 in patients with baseline mRS ≥2 (36% vs 7.7%; p=0.011; pinteraction=0.014) and a history of stroke (42.3% vs 15.4%; p=0.027; pinteraction=0.041).ConclusionsComplete and near-complete reperfusion after MT appear to confer comparable outcomes in patients with acute stroke.
Necessity is the mother of invention: how the COVID-19 pandemic could change medical student placements for the better
Authors: Stout Rebecca C , Roberts Sophie , Maxwell-Scott Hector , Gothard Philip 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTCOVID-19 led to the widespread withdrawal of face-to-face hospital-based clinical placements, with many medical schools switching to online learning. This precipitated concern about potential negative impact on clinical and interprofessional skill acquisition. To overcome this problem, we piloted a 12-week COVID-19 safe face-to-face clinical placement for 16 medical students at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 infection control measures necessitated that students remained in ‘social bubbles’ for placement duration. This facilitated an apprenticeship-style teaching approach, integrating students into the clinical team for placement duration. Team-based learning was adopted to develop and deliver content. Teaching comprised weekly seminars, experiential ward-based attachments and participation in quality improvement and research projects. The taught content was evaluated through qualitative feedback, reflective practice, and pre-apprenticeship and post-apprenticeship confidence questionnaires across 17 domains. Students’ confidence improved in 14 of 17 domains (p&lt;0.05). Reflective practice indicated that students valued the apprenticeship model, preferring the longer clinical attachment to existent shorter, fragmented clinical placements. Students described improved critical thinking, group cohesion, teamwork, self-confidence, self-worth and communication skills. This article describes a framework for the safe and effective delivery of a longer face-to-face apprenticeship-based clinical placement during an infectious disease pandemic. Longer apprenticeship-style attachments have hidden benefits to general professional training, which should be explored by medical schools both during the COVID-19 pandemic and, possibly, for any future clinical placements.
Multiple breath washout (MBW) testing using sulfur hexafluoride: reference values and influence of anthropometric parameters
Authors: Trinkmann Frederik , Maros Máté , Roth Katharina , Hermanns Arne , Schäfer Julia , Gawlitza Joshua , Saur Joachim , Akin Ibrahim , Borggrefe Martin , Herth Felix J F , Ganslandt Thomas 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundMultiple breath washout (MBW) using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has the potential to reveal ventilation heterogeneity which is frequent in patients with obstructive lung disease and associated small airway dysfunction. However, reference data are scarce for this technique and mostly restricted to younger cohorts. We therefore set out to evaluate the influence of anthropometric parameters on SF6-MBW reference values in pulmonary healthy adults.MethodsWe evaluated cross-sectional data from 100 pulmonary healthy never-smokers and smokers (mean 51 (SD 20), range 20–88 years). Lung clearance index (LCI), acinar (Sacin) and conductive (Scond) ventilation heterogeneity were derived from triplicate SF6-MBW measurements. Global ventilation heterogeneity was calculated for the 2.5% (LCI2.5) and 5% (LCI5) stopping points. Upper limit of normal (ULN) was defined as the 95th percentile.ResultsAge was the only meaningful parameter influencing SF6-MBW parameters, explaining 47% (CI 33% to 59%) of the variance in LCI, 32% (CI 18% to 47%) in Sacin and 10% (CI 2% to 22%) in Scond. Mean LCI increases from 6.3 (ULN 7.4) to 8.8 (ULN 9.9) in subjects between 20 and 90 years. Smoking accounted for 2% (CI 0% to 8%) of the variability in LCI, 4% (CI 0% to 13%) in Sacin and 3% (CI 0% to 13%) in Scond.ConclusionSF6-MBW outcome parameters showed an age-dependent increase from early adulthood to old age. The effect was most pronounced for global and acinar ventilation heterogeneity and smaller for conductive ventilation heterogeneity. No influence of height, weight and sex was seen. Reference values can now be provided for all important SF6-MBW outcome parameters over the whole age range.Trial registration numberNCT04099225.
Effect of public health interventions on COVID-19 cases: an observational study
Authors: Qiu Weihong , He Heng , Zhang Peng , Yang Wenwen , Shi Tingming , Wang Xing , Chen Ailian , Xie Li , Yang Meng , Wang Dongming , Li Mingyan , Chen Weihong 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundAs the epidemic of COVID-19 is gradually controlled in China, a summary of epidemiological characteristics and interventions may help control its global spread.MethodsData for COVID-19 cases in Hubei Province (capital, Wuhan) was extracted until 7 March 2020. The spatiotemporal distribution of the epidemic in four periods (before 10 January, 10–22 January, 23 January–6 February and 7 February–7 March) was evaluated, and the impacts of interventions were observed.ResultsAmong 67 706 COVID-19 cases, 52 111 (76.97%) were aged 30–69 years old, and 34 680 (51.22%) were women. The average daily attack rates (95% CI) were 0.5 (0.3 to 0.7), 14.2 (13.2 to 15.1), 45.7 (44.0 to 47.5) and 8.6 (7.8 to 9.3) cases per 106people in four periods, and the harmonic means (95% CI) of doubling times were 4.28 (4.01 to 4.55), 3.87 (3.78 to 3.98), 5.40 (4.83 to 6.05) and 45.56 (39.70 to 52.80) days. Compared with the first period, daily attack rates rose rapidly in the second period. In the third period, 14 days after 23 January, the daily average attack rate in and outside Wuhan declined by 33.8% and 48.0%; the doubling times increased by 95.0% and 133.2%. In the four periods, 14 days after 7 February, the daily average attack rate in and outside Wuhan decreased by 79.1% and 95.2%; the doubling times increased by 79.2% and 152.0%.ConclusionsThe public health interventions were associated with a reduction in COVID-19 cases in Hubei Province, especially in districts outside of Wuhan.
Comparing functional decline and distress from symptoms in people with thoracic life-limiting illnesses: lung cancers and non-malignant end-stage respiratory diseases
Authors: Barnes-Harris Matilda , Allingham Samuel , Morgan Deidre , Ferreira Diana , Johnson Miriam J , Eagar Kathy , Currow David 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundMalignant and non-malignant respiratory diseases account for >4.6 million deaths annually worldwide. Despite similar symptom burdens, serious inequities in access to palliative care persists for people with non-malignant respiratory diseases.AimTo compare functional decline and symptom distress in advanced malignant and non-malignant lung diseases using consecutive, routinely collected, point-of-care national data.Setting/participantsThe Australian national Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration collects functional status (Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Status (AKPS)) and symptom distress (patient-reported 0–10 numerical rating scale) in inpatient and community settings. Five years of data used Joinpoint and weighted scatterplot smoothing.ResultsIn lung cancers (89 904 observations; 18 586 patients) and non-malignant end-stage respiratory diseases (14 827 observations; 4279 patients), age at death was significantly lower in people with lung cancer (73 years; IQR 65–81) than non-malignant end-stage respiratory diseases (81 years; IQR 73–87 years; p<0.001). Four months before death, median AKPS was 40 in lung cancers and 30 in non-malignant end-stage respiratory diseases (p<0.001). Functional decline was similar in the two groups and accelerated in the last month of life. People with non-malignant diseases accessed palliative care later.Pain-related distress was greater with cancer and breathing-related distress with non-malignant disease. Breathing-related distress increased towards death in malignant, but decreased in non-malignant disease. Distress from fatigue and poor sleep were similar for both.ConclusionsIn this large dataset unlike previous datasets, the pattern of functional decline was similar as was overall symptom burden. Timely access to palliative care should be based on needs not diagnoses.
The making of a genetic cline: introgression of oceanic genes into coastal cod populations in the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Jorde Per Erik , Huserbråten Mats B.O. , Seliussen Bjørghild B. , Myksvoll Mari S. , Vikebø Frode B. , Dahle Geir , Aglen Asgeir , Johansen Torild 
Published: February 2021

Coastal Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Northeast Atlantic has seen a continuous decline since the industrialization of the coastal fishery, and management needs to address the spatial and temporal complexities of coexisting cod stocks. Toward that end, genetic analyses and oceanographic modelling of coastal and oceanic cod larval drift patterns were combined to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for an observed genetic cline over a >1500 km stretch along the coast of Norway. The results indicate that the north–south cline in coastal cod represents an extended contact zone between genetically divergent North Sea and Northeast Arctic cod and is maintained by two-way gene flow: by northward drift of pelagic eggs and larvae and by southward spawning migrations of Northeast Arctic cod. Computer simulations verify that the genetic cline can be established rapidly if gene flow into coastal populations is substantial. The shape of the cline, on the other hand, was found to be largely insensitive to the total amount of gene flow and therefore carries little information on extent of gene flow into and among coastal populations.
Silvertop in perennial grass seed production: effects of type and timing of biotic stresses
Authors: Soroka J.J. , Gossen B.D. 
Published: February 2021

Seed production of perennial grasses is an important industry in Canada, but many fields exhibit high proportions of sterile heads with characteristic symptoms in a condition known as silvertop. In a 3-yr field study, biotic stress treatments were applied to caged plots of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius) to assess their effects on silvertop incidence. Treatments were (1) control, (2) addition of grass-feeding insects, primarily grass plant bugs (Miridae), (3) inoculation with Fusarium poae spores, (4) both insects and spores, and (5) mechanical piercing of seed heads above the last node (in a single year). Additionally, cores of the two grass species were potted and removed from the field in spring in each of 2 years. After 2, 4, and 6 wk intervals in a cold room at 4 °C to stagger plant development stage, the five treatments were applied to caged plants of both grasses, which were maintained in a greenhouse until seed harvest. In both studies, the numbers of healthy seed heads, percentage of heads with silvertop, and seed weights were determined. In the field, stress treatments infrequently and inconsistently affected silvertop levels. Regression showed that the relationship between silvertop and seed yield, although significant, explained little of the variability in yield. Silvertop developed in all treatments in the greenhouse; treatments had no effect on silvertop levels, which were highest in plants treated at the R1 (spikelets visible) growth stage. This suggests that this stage of the two grass species is most vulnerable to silvertop occurrence.
First-Principles Study of Structure, Elastic Properties, and Thermal Conductivity of Monolayer Calcium Hydrobromide
Authors: Li Si-Hua , Hu Cui-E , Wang Xiao-Lu , Cheng Yan 
Published: February 2021

In recent years, some laboratories have been able to prepare calcium hydrobromide (CaHBr) by melting hydride and anhydrous bromide or metal and bromide in a hydrogen atmosphere at 900°C and have studied some of its properties. But there are few theoretical studies, especially the theoretical studies of monolayer CaHBr. We use the first-principles method to calculate the structure, elastic properties, and lattice thermal conductivity of the monolayer CaHBr based on the Boltzmann transport equation. We obtain a stable crystal structure by the optimization of monolayer CaHBr. By calculating the elastic constant of monolayer CaHBr, its mechanical stability is proved, and the elastic limit of monolayer CaHBr is obtained by biaxial tensile strain on monolayer CaHBr. And the corresponding phonon spectra show no imaginary frequency, indicating the dynamic stability of the monolayer CaHBr. By the ShengBTE code, we calculate the lattice thermal conductivity of the monolayer CaHBr, the iterative solution of BTE and RTA at 300 K–1200 K is obtained, and the lattice thermal conductivity at room temperature is

κ
ι

BTE

=

2.469

W

/

m
⋅
K

and

κ
ι

RTA

=

2.201

W

/

m
⋅
K

, respectively. It can be seen that the lattice thermal conductivity of monolayer CaHBr is low. And by analyzing the phonon spectrum, the scattering rate, and the mean free path of the phonons, the lattice thermal conductivity of monolayer CaHBr mainly depends on the acoustic modes. We hope this study can provide theoretical guidance for the experiments and practical application of monolayer CaHBr.
Genome-wide SSR marker development and application in genetic diversity analysis of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) in China
Authors: Sun Junxiao , Peng Guohui , Xiong Lijing , Tan Cong , Li Yanhe , Bai Xufeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852), is currently an economically important aquaculture animal. Its genetic basis has been scarcely reported, however, partly due to the absence of abundant molecular markers in the genome. In this study, Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) loci were mined, based on genome survey sequencing via the next generation sequence of the red swamp crayfish. A total of 4897 SSR loci were identified, with the most abundant type being the di-nucleotide repeat motifs (75.2%), followed by tri- (20.4%), tetra- (3.8%), penta- (0.5%), and hexanucleotide (0.2%) repeats. In total, 1546 SSR markers were validated to be amplified, and 721 of these were identified as polymorphic SSR markers. Fifty polymorphic SSR markers were randomly selected for the identification of the genetic diversity of the 14 red swamp crayfish populations in China. The expected and observed heterozygosity and polymorphism information content were 0.39, 0.30, and 0.29, respectively, on average. The results indicated a medium genetic diversity among the 14 investigated populations. These probably cluster into three genetic populations. The current study provides abundant genetic markers and information on the 14 populations, which can be helpful for genetic diversity estimation and molecular breeding of the red swamp crayfish.
The nomenclature, identity and synonyms of Cancer vocans minor Herbst, 1782 and Gelasimus caerulens Adams, 1847 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae)
Authors: Shih Hsi-Te , Low Martyn E. Y. , Ng Peter K. L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The nomenclature of two ocypodid names, Cancer vocans minor Herbst, 1782 and Gelasimus caerulens Adams, 1847, is discussed, because their identities have remained unresolved. The former is identified with Gelasimus annulipes H. Milne Edwards, 1837, and the latter with Mesuca (Latuca) paradussumieri Bott, 1973. To conserve the current and widespread usage of both junior synonyms, Article 23.9 of the Zoological Code is applied to reverse precedence. Neotypes are also designated for both species.
De La Parole aux Videos. Oralite, Ecriture et Oralite Mediatique Dans la Production Culturelle Amazigh (Berbere)
Authors: Merolla Daniela 
Published: February 2021

From the Spoken Word to Video: Orality, Literacy, Mediated Orality, and the Amazigh (Berber) Cultural Production
This article presents new directions in Tamazight/Berber artistic productions. The development of theatre, films and videos in Tamazight are set in the framework of the historical and literary background in the Maghreb and in the lands of Amazigh Diaspora.
It also includes the interview with the video-maker and director Agouram Salout.
'Traditionele' Leiders en Instellingen in Somaliland. Een Somalische Staat in Opbouw
Authors: Renders Marleen 
Published: February 2021

'Traditional' leaders and institutions in Somaliland. A Somali state under construction.
This article addresses the prominence of ‘traditional’ leaders and institutions in the Somaliland’s “success-story” of political reconstruction after a violent conflict. Can the Somaliland experience be replicated and serve as a model for other cases of problematic statehood? Through an analysis of the Somaliland case, the article shows that one can not simply ‘use’ traditional leaders and institutions. They are not a-political entities or concepts. They are adaptable and have a dynamic of their own. The 'traditional' order is profoundly connected with 'non-traditional' orders i.e. 'modem' political leaders and institutions. How both develop and interact is contingent upon an aggregate of factors which develop over a long period of time. This set of factors include so-called 'structural' ones as well as ones that are more ‘agency’-related. This aggregation of factors makes the Somali/and experience difficult to replicate. 'Traditional' leaders and institutions are not magic bullets, not a one-fits-all in cases of problematic statehood. They should not be viewed as a-political components of some 'appropriate governance technology' that will provide leaders and institutions supposedly adapted to a timeless 'African situation and culture'.