bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-feeding glucose with either gluconate or galacturonate during clostridial fermentations provides metabolic fine-tuning capabilities
Authors: Zu Theresah N. K. , Liu Sanchao , Gerlach Elliot S. , Mojadedi Wais , Sund Christian J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClostridiumacetobutylicum ATCC 824 effectively utilizes a wide range of substrates to produce commodity chemicals. When grown on substrates of different oxidation states, the organism exhibits different recycling needs of reduced intracellular electron carrying co-factors. Ratios of substrates with different oxidation states were used to modulate the need to balance electron carriers and demonstrate fine-tuned control of metabolic output. Three different oxidized substrates were first fed singularly, then in different ratios to three different strains of Clostridium sp. Growth was most robust when fed glucose in exclusive fermentations. However, the use of the other two more oxidized substrates was strain-dependent in exclusive feeds. In glucose-galacturonate mixed fermentation, the main products (acetate and butyrate) were dependant on the ratios of the substrates. Exclusive fermentation on galacturonate was nearly homoacetic. Co-utilization of galacturonate and glucose was observed from the onset of fermentation in growth conditions using both substrates combined, with the proportion of galacturonate present dictating the amount of acetate produced. For all three strains, increasing galacturonate content (%) in a mixture of galacturonate and glucose from 0 to 50, and 100, resulted in a corresponding increase in the amount of acetate produced. For example, C.acetobutylicum increased from ~ 10 mM to ~ 17 mM, and then ~ 23 mM. No co-utilization was observed when galacturonate was replaced with gluconate in the two substrate co-feed.
Surface ocean microbiota determine cloud precursors
Authors: Sellegri Karine , Nicosia Alessia , Freney Evelyn , Uitz Julia , Thyssen Melilotus , Grégori Gérald , Engel Anja , Zäncker Birthe , Haëntjens Nils , Mas Sébastien , Picard David , Saint-Macary Alexia , Peltola Maija , Rose Clémence , Trueblood Jonathan , Lefevre Dominique , D’Anna Barbara , Desboeufs Karine , Meskhidze Nicholas , Guieu Cécile , Law Cliff S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOne pathway by which the oceans influence climate is via the emission of sea spray that may subsequently influence cloud properties. Sea spray emissions are known to be dependent on atmospheric and oceanic physicochemical parameters, but the potential role of ocean biology on sea spray fluxes remains poorly characterized. Here we show a consistent significant relationship between seawater nanophytoplankton cell abundances and sea-spray derived Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) number fluxes, generated using water from three different oceanic regions. This sensitivity of CCN number fluxes to ocean biology is currently unaccounted for in climate models yet our measurements indicate that it influences fluxes by more than one order of magnitude over the range of phytoplankton investigated.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in erythrodermic cases may be suspected on the basis of scalp examination with dermoscopy
Authors: Rakowska Adriana , Jasińska Magdalena , Sikora Mariusz , Czuwara Joanna , Gajda-Mróz Patrycja , Warszawik-Hendzel Olga , Kwiatkowska Małgorzata , Waśkiel-Burnat Anna , Olszewska Małgorzata , Rudnicka Lidia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractErythrodermic variants of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTLC) are one of the case of erythroderma. The aim of the study was to assess the value of scalp dermoscopy in differentiation between erythrodermic CTCL, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. A total of 76 patients were included into the study (16 patients with erythrodermic CTCL, 20 patients with psoriatic erythroderma, 20 with erythrodermic atopic dermatitis, and 20 healthy volunteers). The most common trichoscopic features of erythrodermic CTCL were: numerous pili torti, numerous broken hairs, white thick interfollicular bands, and patchy hyperpigmentation of the background. They were observed in 81% (13/16), 75% (12/16), 56% (9/16), and 37.5% (6/16) of patients with CTCL, respectively (p < 0.001). Other specific features of erythrodermic CTCL were 8-shaped hairs (19%; 3/16) and visible anagen bulbs (12.5%; 2/16) (p < 0.05 and p = 0.052, respectively). The most common vascular pattern of erythrodermic CTCL was perifollicular arrangement of glomerular (50%; 8/16; p < 0.001) or linear vessels (31%; 5/16; p < 0.05). Follicular spicules-like scaling was pathognomonic for erythrodermic CTCL (12%, 2/16) although its presence did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.052). In conclusion, the characteristic trichoscopic findings of erythrodermic CTCL are numerous pili torti, eight-shaped hairs, thick white interfollicular bands, color heterogeneity of the background and perifollicular arrangement of vessels.
CdO/CdCO3 nanocomposite physical properties and cytotoxicity against selected breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Lefojane R. P. , Sone B. T. , Matinise N. , Saleh K. , Direko P. , Mfengwana P. , Mashele S. , Maaza M. , Sekhoacha M. P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCadmium Oxide nanoparticles have the lowest toxicity when compared to nanoparticles of other semiconductors and they are not detrimental to human and mammalian cells, thereby making them candidates for targeting cancer cells. Synadenium cupulare plant extracts were used to synthesize CdO/CdCO3 nanocomposite using cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate 98% as a precursor salt. The resultant nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The nanoparticles were then screened for effect on breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA MB-231) and Vero cell line to determine their growth inhibition effect. Cytotoxicity effect was evaluated using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. XRD showed the peaks of monteponite CdO and otavite CdCO3 nanoparticles. TEM results showed irregular and spherical particles of varying sizes, whilst SEM revealed a non-uniform morphology. FTIR results showed peaks of functional groups which are present in some of the phytochemical compounds found in S. cupulare, and point to the presence of CdO. Annealed CdO/CdCO3 NPs showed selectivity for MCF7 and MDA MB231 in comparison to Vero cell line, thereby supporting the hypothesis that cadmium oxide nanoparticles inhibit growth of cancerous cells more than non-cancerous cells.
Sensitivity to haptic sound-localisation cues
Authors: Fletcher Mark D. , Zgheib Jana , Perry Samuel W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHearing aid and cochlear implant (CI) users often struggle to locate and segregate sounds. The dominant sound-localisation cues are time and intensity differences across the ears. A recent study showed that CI users locate sounds substantially better when these cues are provided through haptic stimulation on each wrist. However, the sensitivity of the wrists to these cues and the robustness of this sensitivity to aging is unknown. The current study showed that time difference sensitivity is much poorer across the wrists than across the ears and declines with age. In contrast, high sensitivity to across-wrist intensity differences was found that was robust to aging. This high sensitivity was observed across a range of stimulation intensities for both amplitude modulated and unmodulated sinusoids and matched across-ear intensity difference sensitivity for normal-hearing individuals. Furthermore, the usable dynamic range for haptic stimulation on the wrists was found to be around four times larger than for CIs. These findings suggest that high-precision haptic sound-localisation can be achieved, which could aid many hearing-impaired listeners. Furthermore, the finding that high-fidelity across-wrist intensity information can be transferred could be exploited in human–machine interfaces to enhance virtual reality and improve remote control of military, medical, or research robots.
Spatial modeling of biological patterns shows multiscale organization of Arabidopsis thaliana heterochromatin
Authors: Arpòn Javier , Sakai Kaori , Gaudin Valérie , Andrey Philippe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe spatial organization in the cell nucleus is tightly linked to genome functions such as gene regulation. Similarly, specific spatial arrangements of biological components such as macromolecular complexes, organelles and cells are involved in many biological functions. Spatial interactions among elementary components of biological systems define their relative positioning and are key determinants of spatial patterns. However, biological variability and the lack of appropriate spatial statistical methods and models limit our current ability to analyze these interactions. Here, we developed a framework to dissect spatial interactions and organization principles by combining unbiased statistical tests, multiple spatial descriptors and new spatial models. We used plant constitutive heterochromatin as a model system to demonstrate the potential of our framework. Our results challenge the common view of a peripheral organization of chromocenters, showing that chromocenters are arranged along both radial and lateral directions in the nuclear space and obey a multiscale organization with scale-dependent antagonistic effects. The proposed generic framework will be useful to identify determinants of spatial organizations and to question their interplay with biological functions.
Antagomir-mediated suppression of microRNA-134 reduces kainic acid-induced seizures in immature mice
Authors: Campbell Aoife , Morris Gareth , Heller Janosch P. , Langa Elena , Brindley Elizabeth , Worm Jesper , Jensen Mads Aaboe , Miller Meghan T. , Henshall David C. , Reschke Cristina R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate protein levels and perform important roles in establishing and maintaining neuronal network function. Previous studies in adult rodents have detected upregulation of microRNA-134 after prolonged seizures (status epilepticus) and demonstrated that silencing microRNA-134 using antisense oligonucleotides, termed antagomirs, has potent and long-lasting seizure-suppressive effects. Here we investigated whether targeting microRNA-134 can reduce or delay acute seizures in the immature brain. Status epilepticus was induced in 21 day-old (P21) male mice by systemic injection of 5 mg/kg kainic acid. This triggered prolonged electrographic seizures and select bilateral neuronal death within the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus. Expression of microRNA-134 and functional loading to Argonaute-2 was not significantly changed in the hippocampus after seizures in the model. Nevertheless, when levels of microRNA-134 were reduced by prior intracerebroventricular injection of an antagomir, kainic acid-induced seizures were delayed and less severe and mice displayed reduced neuronal death in the hippocampus. These studies demonstrate targeting microRNA-134 may have therapeutic applications for the treatment of seizures in children.
A novel quantitative and reference-free ultrasound analysis to discriminate different concentrations of bone mineral content
Authors: Sorriento A. , Poliziani A. , Cafarelli A. , Valenza G. , Ricotti L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBone fracture is a continuous process, during which bone mineral matrix evolves leading to an increase in hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate content. Currently, no gold standard methods are available for a quantitative assessment of bone fracture healing. Moreover, the available tools do not provide information on bone composition. Whereby, there is a need for objective and non-invasive methods to monitor the evolution of bone mineral content. In general, ultrasound can guarantee a quantitative characterization of tissues. However, previous studies required measurements on reference samples. In this paper we propose a novel and reference-free parameter, based on the entropy of the phase signal calculated from the backscattered data in combination with amplitude information, to also consider absorption and scattering phenomena. The proposed metric was effective in discriminating different hydroxyapatite (from 10 to 50% w/v) and calcium carbonate (from 2 to 6% w/v) concentrations in bone-mimicking phantoms without the need for reference measurements, paving the way to their translational use for the diagnosis of tissue healing. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that the phase entropy of the backscattered ultrasound signals is exploited for monitoring changes in the mineral content of bone-like materials.
Effect of domperidone, ondansetron, olanzapine-containing antiemetic regimen on QTC interval in patients with malignancy: a prospective, observational, single-group, assessor-blinded study
Authors: Kamath Ashwin , Rai K. Maneesh , Shreyas R. , Saxena PU Prakash , Banerjee Sourjya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDomperidone, ondansetron and olanzapine can prolong the QT interval. The clinical use of combinations of these drugs is not uncommon. Our study aimed to determine the presence of any QTc prolonging effect of the combination when used as antiemetic in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. We carried out a prospective, observational study of patients with malignancy who were to receive domperidone, ondansetron and olanzapine-containing antiemetic regimen. Electrocardiograms were recorded before and during the administration of antiemetics, for three consecutive days. A blinded assessor determined the QTc interval using Bazett and Fridericia formulae. Thirty-six patients completed the study; 23 (63.9%) were females. There was a statistically significant change in QTc with time (Fridericia, χ2(4) = 15.629, p = 0.004; Bazett, χ2(4) = 15.910, p = 0.003); QTc on Day 1 was more than that during baseline (p < 0.001); these differences were significant in females (Fridericia, χ2(4) = 13.753, p = 0.008; Bazett, χ2 (4) = 13.278, p = 0.010) but not in males (Fridericia, χ2 (4) = 4.419, p = 0.352; Bazett, χ2(4) = 4.280, p = 0.369). Two female patients had an absolute QTc prolongation (Bazett correction) of > 500 ms. However, no clinically significant adverse events occurred. The findings show that QTc prolongation is a concern with olanzapine alone and in combination with domperidone and ondansetron, and needs to be investigated further.
Oxylipins are implicated as communication signals in tomato–root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) interaction
Authors: Fitoussi Nathalia , Borrego Eli , Kolomiets Michael V. , Qing Xue , Bucki Patricia , Sela Noa , Belausov Eduard , Braun Miyara Sigal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThroughout infection, plant-parasitic nematodes activate a complex host defense response that will regulate their development and aggressiveness. Oxylipins—lipophilic signaling molecules—are part of this complex, performing a fundamental role in regulating plant development and immunity. At the same time, the sedentary root-knot nematodeMeloidogynespp. secretes numerous effectors that play key roles during invasion and migration, supporting construction and maintenance of nematodes' feeding sites. Herein, comprehensive oxylipin profiling of tomato roots, performed using LC–MS/MS, indicated strong and early responses of many oxylipins following root-knot nematode infection. To identify genes that might respond to the lipidomic defense pathway mediated through oxylipins, RNA-Seq was performed by exposingMeloidogyne javanicasecond-stage juveniles to tomato protoplasts and the oxylipin 9-HOT, one of the early-induced oxylipins in tomato roots upon nematode infection. A total of 7512 differentially expressed genes were identified. To target putative effectors, we sought differentially expressed genes carrying a predicted secretion signal peptide. Among these, several were homologous with known effectors in other nematode species; other unknown, potentially secreted proteins may have a role as root-knot nematode effectors that are induced by plant lipid signals. These include effectors associated with distortion of the plant immune response or manipulating signal transduction mediated by lipid signals. Other effectors are implicated in cell wall degradation or ROS detoxification at the plant–nematode interface. Being an integral part of the plant's defense response, oxylipins might be placed as important signaling molecules underlying nematode parasitism.
Quantification of dissolved O2 in bulk aqueous solutions and porous media using NMR relaxometry
Authors: Livo Kurt , Prasad Manika , Graham Trent R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEffects of dissolved paramagnetic oxygen (O2) in water on 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) experiments is evaluated at a 1H Larmor frequency of 2 MHz. Dissolution of O2 into water significantly reduces the 1H transverse relaxation coefficient (T2). For deoxygenated water, T2 is 3388 ms, water at ambient atmospheric conditions (7.4 mg/L O2) exhibits a T2 of 2465 ms, and dissolution of 2710 mg/L O2 further reduces T2 to 36 ms. The results were fit with an empirical model to facilitate prediction of T2 times for bulk water as a function of paramagnetic oxygen concentrations in solution. Dissolved O2 also greatly influences 1H NMR CPMG experiments of confined water in a model system composed of Berea sandstone. For this system, 90 mg/L O2 in H2O enhances T2 relaxation of bulk water such that the relaxation time is comparable to physically confined water in the sandstone pores. Given the sensitivity of NMR T2 coefficients to paramagnetic oxygen, low-field NMR-based characterization of fluid and porous media structure requires control of dissolved oxygen, as geospatial variation in the partial pressure of O2 alone is expected to perturb fluid and pore relaxation times by up to 60 and 36%, respectively.
Interplay between success and patterns of human collaboration: case study of a Thai Research Institute
Authors: Fiscarelli Antonio Maria , Brust Matthias R. , Bouffanais Roland , Piyatumrong Apivadee , Danoy Grégoire , Bouvry Pascal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNetworks of collaboration are notoriously complex and the mechanisms underlying their evolution, although of high interest, are still not fully understood. In particular, collaboration networks can be used to model the interactions between scientists and analyze the circumstances that lead to successful research. This task is not trivial and conventional metrics, based on number of publications and number of citations of individual authors, may not be sufficient to provide a deep insight into the factors driving scientific success. However, network analysis techniques based on centrality measures and measures of the structural properties of the network are promising to that effect. In recent years, it has become evident that most successful research works are achieved by teams rather than individual researchers. Therefore, researchers have developed a keen interest in the dynamics of social groups. In this study, we use real world data from a Thai computer technology research center, where researchers collaborate on different projects and team up to produce a range of artifacts. For each artifact, a score that measures quality of research is available and shared between the researchers that contributed to its creation, according to their percentage of contribution. We identify several measures to quantify productivity and quality of work, as well as centrality measures and structural measures. We find that, at individual level, centrality metrics are linked to high productivity and quality of work, suggesting that researchers who cover strategic positions in the network of collaboration are more successful. At the team level, we show that the evolution in time of structural measures are also linked to high productivity and quality of work. This result suggests that variables such as team size, turnover rate, team compactness and team openness are critical factors that must be taken into account for the success of a team. The key findings of this study indicate that the success of a research institute needs to be assessed in the context of not just researcher or team level, but also on how the researchers engage in collaboration as well as on how teams evolve.
Cardioprotective effect of combination therapy by mild hypothermia and local or remote ischemic preconditioning in isolated rat hearts
Authors: Hjortbak Marie V. , Jespersen Nichlas R. , Jensen Rebekka V. , Lassen Thomas R. , Hjort Johanne , Povlsen Jonas A. , Støttrup Nicolaj B. , Hansen Jakob , Hausenloy Derek J. , Bøtker Hans Erik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA multitargeted strategy to treat the consequences of ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury in acute myocardial infarction may add cardioprotection beyond reperfusion therapy alone. We investigated the cardioprotective effect of mild hypothermia combined with local ischemic preconditioning (IPC) or remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) on IR injury in isolated rat hearts. Moreover, we aimed to define the optimum timing of initiating hypothermia and evaluate underlying cardioprotective mechanisms. Compared to infarct size in normothermic controls (56 ± 4%), mild hypothermia during the entire or final 20 min of the ischemic period reduced infarct size (34 ± 2%, p < 0.01; 35 ± 5%, p < 0.01, respectively), while no reduction was seen when hypothermia was initiated at reperfusion (51 ± 4%, p = 0.90). In all groups with effect of mild hypothermia, IPC further reduced infarct size. In contrast, we found no additive effect on infarct size between hypothermic controls (20 ± 3%) and the combination of mild hypothermia and RIC (33 ± 4%, p = 0.09). Differences in temporal lactate dehydrogenase release patterns suggested an anti-ischemic effect by mild hypothermia, while IPC and RIC preferentially targeted reperfusion injury. In conclusion, additive underlying mechanisms seem to provide an additive effect of mild hypothermia and IPC, whereas the more clinically applicable RIC does not add cardioprotection beyond mild hypothermia.
Highly sensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on dumbbell-shaped double-shelled hollow nanoporous CuO/ZnO microstructures
Authors: Haghparas Zahra , Kordrostami Zoheir , Sorouri Mohsen , Rajabzadeh Maryam , Khalifeh Reza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA high-performance non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on hybrid metal-oxides is proposed. Dumbbell-shaped double-shelled hollow nanoporous CuO/ZnO microstructures (CuO/ZnO-DSDSHNM) were prepared via the hydrothermal method using pluronic F-127 as a surfactant. This structure is studied by various physicochemical characterizations such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, elemental mapping techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. This unique CuO/ZnO-DSDSHNM provides both a large surface area and an easy penetrable structure facilitating improved electrochemical reactivity toward glucose oxidation. The prepared CuO/ZnO-DSDSHNM was used over the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as the active material for glucose detection and then coated by Nafion to provide the proposed Nafion/CuO/ZnO-DSDSHNM/GCE. The fabricated glucose sensor exhibits an extremely wide dynamic range from 500 nM to 100 mM, a sensitivity of 1536.80 µA mM−1 cm−2, a low limit of detection of 357.5 nM, and a short response time of 1.60 s. The proposed sensor also showed long-term stability, good reproducibility, favorable repeatability, excellent selectivity, and satisfactory applicability for glucose detection in human serum samples. The achieved high-performance glucose sensing based on Nafion/CuO/ZnO-DSDSHNM/GCE shows that both the material synthesis and the sensor fabrication methods have been promising and they can be used in future researches.