bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O’zbekistonda byudjet ochiqligini ta’minlashni takomillashtirish
Authors: Samandarova Gulmira 
Published: June 2021

Davlat byudjeti - davlatning muayyan vaqt uchun moʻljallangan pul daromadlari va xarajatlari majmui. Byudjet daromadlari soliqlar, soliqdan tashqari yigʻimlar, davlat zayomlaridan tushgan pul, davlat mulkini sotishdan yoki ijaraga berishdan kelgan mablagʻlardan shakllanadi. Davlat byudjeti davlat ixtiyoridagi pul fondlarining taqsimlanishini bildirib, u davlat moliyasining bosh boʻgʻini hisoblanadi. Shu boisdan, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining “O‘zbekiston Respublikasining “O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat budjeti to‘g‘risida” gi Qonuni ijrosini ta’minlash chora-tadbirlari to‘g‘risida” gi qarori asosida ushbu yo’nalishda tizimli ishlar amalga oshirilmoqda. Ushbu maqolada muallif ayni shu byudjet islohotlariga asoslangan byudjet ochiqligini ta’minlash borasidagi fakt va tahlillarini taqdim etadi.
Exploring Project Complexity Relations to Scope Changes in Construction Projects: A Case Study of NEC Projects in South Africa
Authors: Lukhele Themba , Botha Brink , Mbanga Sijekula 
Published: June 2021

Construction projects are of very complex nature, and subject to circumstances of high uncertainties and risks due to the interdependences of activities and processes in the project performance. As a result of the dynamic complexities inherited in construction projects, changes in the scope of work are inevitable. Of particular concern is that, when scope changes are introduced in a project, contractors follow a systematic procedure in managing the changes, but with poor planning and implementation thereof because the project complexities that underpin the scope changes are not fully understood. Therefore, despite that complexity is an inherent and defining feature of construction projects, studies in the literature have failed to grasp and present the dynamics of project complexity which underlie the scope changes in the delivery of construction project. The TOE (Technical Organizational Environmental) framework was adopted and applied on a multiple-case study research design in order to explore and denote project complexity relations to scope changes in construction projects. Through a content analysis procedure, six key elements of project complexities that relate to scope changes in the construction projects has emerged. Understanding these complexity elements could enable the project management team to apply a front-end planning approach in the initiation phase of the projects in order to better manage scope changes in the execution phase of the project, and eventually to improve the project performance.
The Journal of Global Neurosurgery
Authors: Esene Ignatius , Park Kee B 
Published: June 2021

1 | WHAT IS GLOBAL NEUROSURGERY?
The Global Neurosurgery Committee of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies defines Global Neurosurgery as “the clinical and public health practice of neurosurgery with the primary purpose of ensuring timely, safe, and affordable neurosurgical care to all who need it”(1). The definition weaves the values of equity, social justice, and inclusivity through the fabric of the traditional characteristics that define modern neurosurgery, such as excellence, technical mastery, integrity, and compassion. The recent addition of the global health dimension and the accompanying scientific and systems approach to address the unmet neurosurgical needs in the world has galvanized our profession, stimulated academic inquiry, and inspired many who wish to enter it. One only needs to see the explosive number of publications using the terms “global neurosurgery” over the last few years as a proxy of academic interest (2) (figure 1).
Water resources management and dynamic changes in water politics in the transboundary river basins of Central Asia
Authors: Wang Xuanxuan , Chen Yaning , Li Zhi , Fang Gonghuan , Wang Fei , Hao Haichao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The growing water crisis in Central Asia (CA) and the complex water politics over the region's transboundary rivers have attracted considerable attention; however, they are yet to be studied in depth. Here, we used the Gini coefficient, water political events, and social network analysis to assess the matching degree between water and socio-economic elements and analyze the dynamics of water politics in the transboundary river basins of CA. Results indicate that the mismatch between water and land resources is a precondition for conflict, with the average Gini coefficient between water and population, gross domestic product (GDP), and cropland measuring 0.19 (highly matched), 0.47 (relatively mismatched), and 0.61 (highly mismatched), respectively. Moreover, the Gini coefficient between water and cropland increased by 0.07 from 1997 to 2016, indicating an increasing mismatch. In general, a total of 591 water political events occurred in CA, with cooperation accounting for 89 % of all events. Water events have increased slightly over the past 70 years and shown three distinct stages, namely a stable period (1951–1991), a rapid increase and decline period (1991–2001), and a second stable period (2001–2018). Overall, water conflicts mainly occurred in summer and winter. Among the region's transboundary river basins, the Aral Sea basin experienced the strongest conflicts due to the competitive utilization of the Syr and Amu Darya rivers. Following the collapse of the former Soviet Union, the density of water conflictive and cooperative networks in CA increased by 0.18 and 0.36, respectively. Uzbekistan has the highest degree centrality in the conflictive network (6), while Kazakhstan has the highest degree centrality in the cooperative network (15), indicating that these two countries are the most interconnected with other countries. Our findings suggest that improving the water and land allocation systems and strengthening the water cooperative networks among countries will contribute to the elimination of conflicts and promotion of cooperation in CA.
CONCÉNTRICA
Authors: Meléndez Clemencia , Vaca Janeth , Quintero Alonso 
Published: June 2021

Como cualquier espacio para el pensamiento, la revista Concéntrica, del programa de Arquitectura de la Corporación Universitaria del Meta se proyecta como ese lugar que promueve tanto la reflexión como el intercambio de conocimiento surgido al interior de la academia, pero también en la órbita de la misma. Esto teniendo en cuenta las relaciones con la sociedad y los diferentes actores intelectuales de las comunidades. Es la arquitectura un artefacto que opera desde las tecnoloías hasta el acontecer humanístico, y en ese debate se crea cultura.
Facing the future
Authors: Clodd Sue 
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to explore the experience of the transpersonal in contemplating retirement, as it impacted on five female co-researchers and myself. All were aged between 55 and 65 and were actively, or recently, engaged in careers in either psychotherapy or therapeutic social work. To allow for deep self-exploration, a heuristic research method, as described by Moustakas (1990), was chosen. Data was collected from my reflective, creative journal, and from the co-researchers using dialogue-based interviews. Data was analysed using an adapted form of thematic analysis. Individual and composite depictions were created and a creative synthesis developed. Two major transpersonal themes emerged: confronting mortality and seeking authenticity and growth. Findings suggest we cannot have the second without acknowledging the first. Subordinate themes demonstrate how we are managing this dilemma and exploring a place for ourselves in the future. Findings further suggest we do this by holding two distinct concepts of time: a linear concept relating to confronting mortality, and an expansive concept relating to seeking meaning and fulfilment in exploring new avenues or rediscovering latent parts of ourselves. These two concepts acknowledge spiritual dimensions in our lives and help us manage the knowledge of mortality. The findings are critically discussed in relation to relevant literature. Finally, the limitations of this study are explored and ideas for future research identified.
Rejoinder to George Lyons
Authors: Bissell Roger E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The author explains that his previous philosophical arguments for compatibilism (“the logical harmony of determinism and volition,” which he explicates as value-determinism-plus-conditional-free-will) provide a robust basis for ethical and legal responsibility. He defends entity causation, arguing that no coherent model of the universe, including human action, can be formulated that rejects entities as the nexus of identity and causality. Finally, he contends, ontological compatibilism (of determinism and free will) and ethical compatibilism (of determinism and personal responsibility) are both best supported by a more fundamental methodological compatibilism of philosophical and scientific approaches to seeking truth.
Validasi Metode Analisis Formaldehid Pada Tisu Basah
Authors: Wahyuniati Dwi , Yulianti Cicik Herlina , Suryandari Mercyska 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKTisu basah merupakan istilah umum untuk menggambarkan sepotong bahan, umumnya ditambahkan dengan komposisi cairan atau semi cair, dimaksudkan untuk membersihkan dan memberikan rasa lembut. Tisu basah memiliki struktur berserat terdiri dari campuran serat selulosa pulp dan regenerasi, seperti rayon dan atau liosel, dengan atau tanpa serat pengikat. Pada proses produksi, komponen-komponen yang sengaja ditambahkan pada pembuatan tisu basah salah satunya adalah formaldehid sebagai penguat keadaan basah. Akan tetapi penggunaan yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan ruam pada kulit (dermatitis). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan validasi metode analisis formaldehid pada tisu basah dengan menggunakan metode absorpsi uap SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 dengan pereaksi nash menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Sampel yang digunakan adalah tisu basah dari satu merek. Validasi metode dilakukan untuk memastikan metode SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 dapat diterapkan, diperoleh hasil valid, dengan nilai R = 0,9993, yang mendekati nilai 1, menghasilkan persamaan regresi linier y = 0,0294x - 0,0317. Pengujian akurasi diperoleh rata-rata persen recovery sebesar 84,54%, 102,05%, dan 106,13%. Nilai RSD sebesar 1,62%. Hasil nilai LOD sebesar 0,040, sedangkan hasil nilai LOQ sebesar 0,136. Hasil validasi terhadap metode SNI ISO 14184 – 2 : 2015 dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 dapat digunakan untuk menguji formaldehid pada tisu basah. Kata kunci: Validasi, Tisu basah, Formaldehid, Pereaksi Nash, Spektrofotometri UV-Vis.ABSTRACT Wet wipes are the general terms to describe a piece of material, generally impregnated with a liquid or semi liquid composition, intended to both cleaning and providing a smooth feeling. Wet wipes has fibrous structures consist of a mixture of pulp and regenerated cellulose fibers, such as rayon and/or lyocell, with or without binding fibers. In product process, one of components expressly added was formaldehyde as strengthener as wet condition. But, excessive use of formaldehyde can cause skin rash (dermatitis). This study was aimed to Analysis Method Validation of Formaldehyde of Wet Wipes used vapour absorption SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 method with Nash Reagents by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, and used vapour absorption method. The wet wipes sample used was from one brand. Method validation was conducted to definite SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 method can be applied, the result was valid, r value is 0,9993, the linear regression y = 0,0294x – 0,0317, accuracy percent recovery study showed 84,54%, 102,05%, and 106,13%., Related standar deviation showed 1,62%, limit of detection was 0,040, limit of quantitation was 0,136. The validation result of SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 method can be concluded that SNI ISO 14184-2:2015 method can be applied to examine formaldehid on wet wipes.Keywords: Wet wipes, Formaldehyde, Validation, Nash Reagent, UV-Vis Spectrophotometry.
Pengaruh Rasio Karbomer dan HPMC Terhadap Karakteristik dan Stabilitas Fisik Emulgel Minyak Ikan Salmon
Authors: Rakhma Dita Nurlita , Najih Yuli Ainun , Eka Pratiwi Fadhilah 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio gelling agent Karbomer dan HPMC terhadap karakteristik dan stabilitas fisik emulgel minyak ikan salmon. Pada penelitian ini digunakan minyak ikan salmon sebagai bahan aktif karena mengandung Omega-3 yaitu EPA dan DHA yang berkhasiat sebagai antiiflamasi secara topikal. Rasio karbomer:HPMC yang digunakan yaitu 2:0 (FI), 0:2 (FII), 0,5 :1,5 (FIII) dan 1:1 (FIV). Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi pH, viskositas, dan daya sebar. Pengujian stabilitas fisik yang dilakukan meliputi uji sentrifugasi dan cycling test. Pada uji pH diperoleh hasil semua formula memenuhi rentang pH kulit. Pada pengukuran viskositas dan daya sebar terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada masing-masing formula (p<0,05) dimana FI memiliki viskositas yang paling tinggi dan untuk uji daya sebar menunjukkan bahwa FII mempunyai nilai daya sebar paling tinggi. Pada uji stabilitas fisik baik uji cycling test maupun sentrifugasi menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan rasio gelling agent tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap stabilitas fisik emulgel minyak ikan salmon pada FI, FIII, dan FIV. Namun memberikan pengaruh pada FII dengan rasio gelling agent Karbomer:HPMC (0:2) yang ditunjukkan dengan pemisahan fase pada uji sentrifugasi. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan rasio gelling agent karbomer:HPMC memberikan pengaruh terhadap karakter dan stabilitas fisik emulgel minyak ikan salmon.
Führen in der Krise – Chance der Herausforderung
Authors: Dollischal Michael 
Published: June 2021

Ein Virus bewegt die ganze Welt und nimmt Einfluss auf nahezu jedes Menschenleben. Im Vergleich zu anderen, zeitlich länger zurückliegenden, weltweiten Epidemien, erreicht uns die Corona-Krise zu einem Zeitpunkt, zu dem Information und Kommunikation durch die mediale Gepflogenheit weltweit und unmittelbar erfolgen. Führungspersonen sind durch dieses Virus, das sehr schnell den Weg über den gesamten Globus gefunden hat, in allen Bereichen extrem gefordert.
Die Gesundheit als wertvolles Gut der Menschheit macht es schwer, Entscheidungen in gewohnter Weise nach bisher definierten Kriterien zu treffen. Im Besonderen hat diese Pandemie Auswirkungen auf Bildungssysteme. Im Bereich Unterricht und in weiteren Tätigkeitsfeldern von Lehrpersonen hat sich durch diese Pandemie schnell viel verändert. Die darin liegende Chance der nachhaltigen Entwicklung sei hier dargelegt.
Interlaboratory Performance in Measurement of Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban
Authors: Volod Oksana , Rollins-Raval Marian , Goodwin Andrew J. , Higgins Russell A. , Long Thomas , Chandler Wayne L. , Harris Neil S. , Pham Huy P. , Isom James Alexander , Moser Karen , Olson John D. , Smock Kristi J. , VanSandt Amanda , Wool Geoffrey , Chen Dong 
Published: June 2021

Context.—
Assessing direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) drug levels by reliable laboratory assays is necessary in a number of clinical scenarios.

Objective.—
To evaluate the performance of DOAC-specific assays for various concentrations of dabigatran and rivaroxaban, assess the interlaboratory variability in measurement of these DOACs, and investigate the responsiveness of the routine clotting assays to various concentrations of these oral anticoagulants.

Design.—
College of American Pathologists proficiency testing survey data from 2013 to 2016 were summarized and analyzed.

Results.—
For dabigatran, the interlaboratory coefficient of variation (CV) of ecarin chromogenic assay was broad (ranging from 7.5% to 29.1%, 6.3% to 15.5%, and 6.8% to 9.0% for 100-ng/mL, 200-ng/mL, and 400-ng/mL targeted drug concentrations, respectively). The CV for diluted thrombin time for dabigatran was better overall (ranging from 11.6% to 17.2%, 9.3% to 12.3, and 7.1% to 11.2% for 100 ng/mL, 200 ng/mL, and 400 ng/mL, respectively). The rivaroxaban-calibrated anti-Xa assay CVs also showed variability (ranging from 11.5% to 22.2%, 7.2% to 10.9%, and 6.4% to 8.1% for 50-ng/mL, 200-ng/mL, and 400-ng/mL targeted drug concentrations, respectively). The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) showed variable dose- and reagent-dependent responsiveness to DOACs: PT was more responsive to rivaroxaban and aPTT to dabigatran. The undiluted thrombin time showed maximum prolongation across all 3 dabigatran concentrations, making it too sensitive for drug-level monitoring, but supporting its use as a qualitative screening assay.

Conclusions.—
DOAC-specific assays performed reasonably well. While PT and aPTT cannot be used safely to determine DOAC degree of anticoagulation, a normal thrombin time excludes the presence of dabigatran.
Determination of the just‐suspended speed, Njs, in stirred tanks using electrical resistance tomography (ERT)
Authors: Teoman Baran , Sirasitthichoke Chadakarn , Potanin Andrei , Armenante Piero M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNjs, the minimum agitation speed to just‐suspend dispersed solids in liquids in stirred tanks, is a critical parameter to operate industrial processes. The focus of this work was to develop a novel observer‐independent method to experimentally obtain Njs in tanks that cannot be visually inspected internally using electrical resistance tomography (ERT). The mean bulk resistivity was measured across electrodes mounted on an ERT linear sensing probe placed inside a stirred tank containing water and glass beads. As the agitation speed increased, more solids became suspended and the resistivity measured by the probe changed. Plots of resistivity variation vs. agitation speed resulted in an S‐shaped curve that could be analyzed to determine Njs. The Njs values obtained with this novel approach compared very favorably with those obtained using other methods requiring transparent tanks. It is expected that the ERT method proposed here could find applications in many industrial solid–liquid mixing processes.
Exploration of C‐H Activation Strategies in Construction of Functionalized 2‐Aryl Benzoazoles: A Decisive Review
Authors: Sunny Steeva , John Stephy Elza , Shankaraiah Nagula 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed C−H bond activation has proved to be a powerful weapon for the synthesis and functionalization of privileged class of heterocycles. The 2‐aryl benzoazole (benzothiazoles, benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles) derivatives have surfaced in the scientific community with their potential applications in medicinal chemistry, agrochemistry and material science. The contribution of C−H activation strategies towards the functionalization of relevant 2‐aryl benzoazoles has been amenable in the drug discovery process. This review envelopes a decade account of the C−H activation strategies adopted for the functionalization of 2‐aryl benzoazoles.
Recent developments in the reduction of unsaturated bonds by magnesium precursors
Authors: Banerjee Indrani , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractScientists have witnessed significant breakthroughs ins‐block metal chemistry. Over the past few years, several applications in catalysis associated with alkaline‐earth metal catalysts have been established owing to their abundance and lower cost. These catalysts have proved to be essential alternatives to transition metal catalysts. Several research groups have recognized the importance of magnesium complexes as highly active metal catalysts in the reduction of a series of unsaturated substrates for the synthesis of ubiquitous compounds necessary for industrial purposes. This minireview presents, based on studies published in the past recent years, a detailed discussion of catalytic hydroelementation on C–X (X = C, N, O, B, Si, S) multiple bonds, promoted by novel magnesium metal catalysts.
Preparation of graphene oxide/polyamide composite nanofiltration membranes for enhancing stability and separation efficiency
Authors: Wei Xiuzhen , Huang Jiahao , Cao Shiyu , Chen Yi , Yang Ruiyuan , Wang Ze , Zhou Qinghua , Chen Jinyuan , Pan Bingjun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolyamide (PA) NF membranes are synthesized on a hollow fiber support by the interfacial polymerization (IP) of piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). Then, GO is coated on the PA layer to decorate the NF membrane surface (denoted GO/PA‐NF). This strategy aims to improve the hydrophilicity, chlorine resistance and separation stability of the membrane. The optimization, chemical composition, morphology, and hydrophilicity of the synthesized GO/PA‐NF membrane are characterized. Results indicate that the optimized GO/PA‐NF in terms of rejection rate and flux are with 0.05 wt% GO. The rejection of GO/PA‐NF for Na2SO4 and MgSO4 is 99.4% and 96.9%, respectively. Even if the GO/PA‐NF is immersed in 1000 ppm NaClO solution for 48 h, the NF membrane still maintains stable salt rejection. The developed NF membranes exhibit excellent treatment performance on dying wastewater. The permeate flux and rejection of GO/PA‐NF toward Congo red solution are determined to be 44.2 L/m2h and 100%, respectively. Compared with the PA membrane, GO/PA‐NF presents a higher rejection for Na2SO4 (99.4%) and a lower rejection for NaCl (less than 20%), which shows that the NF membranes have a better divalent/monovalent salt separation performance. This study highlights the superior performance of GO/PA‐NF and shows its high potential for application in wastewater treatment.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor attenuates cognitive impairment and motor deficits in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chang E , Wang Jiongmei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders that seriously impair the life quality and survival of patients. Herein, we aim to investigate the neuroprotective roles of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in PD mice and reveal the underlying mechanisms. BDNF overexpression was achieved via the injection of adeno‐associated viruses (AAV) with BDNF gene.MethodsPD mouse model was established by 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment. Tests of rotarod, pole, open field, and novel object recognition were conducted to evaluate the motor and cognitive functions of treated mice.ResultsMitochondrial impairment, mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive dopaminergic neurons were detected to uncover the molecular mechanism. BDNF overexpression attenuated motor deficits and cognitive impairment in MPTP‐induced PD mice. Mechanistically, BDNF mitigated mitochondrial impairment increased the activity of respiratory chain Complex I and Ⅱ+III, and finally alleviated TH‐positive dopaminergic neuron loss in MPTP‐induced PD mice.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential of BDNF as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of mitochondrial impairment‐associated neurodegenerative diseases.