bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eigenkapitalpuffer im Abschwung wirksam?
Authors: Bremus Franziska , Menkhoff Lukas 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDer antizyklische Kapitalpuffer und der Kapitalerhaltungspuffer wurden für die Verstetigung der Kreditvergabe sowie eine höhere Resilienz des Finanzsystems geschaffen. Fraglich bleibt, wie gut diese Puffer speziell im Abschwung in der Praxis von den Finanzinstituten genutzt werden. Dem Signalisierungsproblem zufolge könnte eine sinkende Eigenkapitalquote als positives (Fähigkeit zu Neugeschäften) aber auch negatives Zeichen (geringere Stabilität) gedeutet werden. Hinzu kommt das Unsicherheitsproblem, bei dem Kreditinstitute freigesetztes Eigenkapital in unsicheren Zeiten nicht für zusätzliches Kreditgeschäft nutzen.
Requirements for a successful Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program: a multicenter international survey among ERAS nurses
Authors: Pache Basile , Hübner Martin , Martin David , Addor Valerie , Ljungqvist Olle , Demartines Nicolas , Grass Fabian 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Introduction
Nurses are the linchpin of any Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program, as they are in direct contact with patients and various caregivers. The aim of the present survey was to assess ERAS key factors and challenges from a nurse’s perspective.

Methods
A qualitative study among ERAS dedicated nurses and ERAS Interactive Audit System (EIAS) administrators using an online questionnaire (Survey Monkey®, Palo Alto, CA, United States) comprising 29 questions. The survey focused on challenges and drawbacks encountered during ERAS training, implementation and daily clinical practice. Closed multiple-choice and open-end questions and semantic differential scales (0–10) were used. Those invited to participate received three reminders within 4 and 8 weeks after invitation.

Results
Of 306 nurses invited, 123 completed the survey (response rate 40%). Overall, the success of the institutional ERAS program was rated as 6.9 ± 2/10. Improving both patient outcomes (90%) and satisfaction (69%) were rated as main motivators for ERAS implementation, while time restraints (50%) and logistics (43%) were identified as the main barriers. The study revealed a wide heterogeneity in coordination and management strategies (ERAS meetings, work models, teaching strategies). Sustained staff education before (9.1/10) and after (9.1/10) implementation, a dedicated ERAS coordinator (8.9/10) and regular meetings (8.3/10 scale) were rated as key factors for a successful program. Difficulty of implementation, maintenance and data acquisition were all rated > 5/10.

Conclusion
Despite heterogeneity in coordination and management, the ERAS program is evaluated as successful from a nurse’s perspective. Continuous staff education and coordination beyond the implementation period appear to be of the utmost importance for a sustained program.
Glyconanoparticles as tools to prevent antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Morelli Laura , Polito Laura , Richichi Barbara , Compostella Federica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe increased phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance and the slow pace of development of new antibiotics are at the base of a global health concern regarding microbial infections. Antibiotic resistance kills an estimated 700,000 people each year worldwide, and this number is expected to increase dramatically if efforts are not made to develop new drugs or alternative containment strategies. Increased vaccination coverage, improved sanitation or sustained implementation of infection control measures are among the possible areas of action. Indeed, vaccination is one of the most effective tools of preventing infections. Starting from 1970s polysaccharide-based vaccines against Meningococcus, Pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae type b have been licensed, and provided effective protection for population. However, the development of safe and effective vaccines for infectious diseases with broad coverage remains a major challenge in global public health. In this scenario, nanosystems are receiving attention as alternative delivery systems to improve vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity. In this report, we provide an overview of current applications of glyconanomaterials as alternative platforms in the development of new vaccine candidates. In particular, we will focus on nanoparticle platforms, used to induce the activation of the immune system through the multivalent-displacement of saccharide antigens.
Graphical abstract
What is the Effect of Stimulus Complexity on Attention to Repeating and Changing Information in Autism?
Authors: Arora Iti , Bellato Alessio , Gliga Teodora , Ropar Danielle , Kochhar Puja , Hollis Chris , Groom Madeleine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSlower habituation to repeating stimuli characterises Autism, but it is not known whether this is driven by difficulties with information processing or an attentional bias towards sameness. We conducted eye-tracking and presented looming geometrical shapes, clocks with moving arms and smiling faces, as two separate streams of stimuli (one repeating and one changing), to 7–15 years old children and adolescents (n = 103) with Autism, ADHD or co-occurring Autism+ADHD, and neurotypical children (Study-1); and to neurotypical children (n = 64) with varying levels of autistic traits (Study-2). Across both studies, autistic features were associated with longer looks to the repeating stimulus, and shorter looks to the changing stimulus, but only for more complex stimuli, indicating greater difficulty in processing complex or unpredictable information.
Prediction of activity cliffs on the basis of images using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Vogt Martin , Bajorath Jürgen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn activity cliff (AC) is formed by a pair of structurally similar compounds with a large difference in potency. Accordingly, ACs reveal structure–activity relationship (SAR) discontinuity and provide SAR information for compound optimization. Herein, we have investigated the question if ACs could be predicted from image data. Therefore, pairs of structural analogs were extracted from different compound activity classes that formed or did not form ACs. From these compound pairs, consistently formatted images were generated. Image sets were used to train and test convolutional neural network (CNN) models to systematically distinguish between ACs and non-ACs. The CNN models were found to predict ACs with overall high accuracy, as assessed using alternative performance measures, hence establishing proof-of-principle. Moreover, gradient weights from convolutional layers were mapped to test compounds and identified characteristic structural features that contributed to successful predictions. Weight-based feature visualization revealed the ability of CNN models to learn chemistry from images at a high level of resolution and aided in the interpretation of model decisions with intrinsic black box character.
Standard non-target tests for risk assessment of plant protection products are unsuitable for entomopathogenic fungi—a proposal for a new protocol
Authors: Reinbacher Lara , Bacher Sven , Praprotnik Eva , Grabenweger Giselher 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The successful implementation of a plant protection product depends on its effectiveness against a target species and its safety for the environment. Risk assessment schemes have therefore been devised to facilitate classification and regulation. These guidelines, however, are directed towards chemical substances and are in many cases less suitable for the assessment of products employing microorganisms.

Methods
In this study, we developed a protocol for non-target testing of soil-applied entomopathogenic fungi for the biocontrol of insect pests. Using the predatory mite Gaeolaelaps (Hypoaspis) aculeifer as a non-target model organism, our protocol evaluates the lethal and sublethal effects of the fungus in recommended and ten-fold field concentrations.

Results
The proposed protocol considers fungal biology when setting test duration, endpoints, and quality control measures. To assess its practicability, we performed a trial with Metarhizium brunneum ART2825 as a representative entomopathogenic fungus. The biocontrol agent was able to infect a susceptible host and reproduce, showing that potential hazards can be detected using our approach. No hazard was detected for the non-target species, with no statistically significant differences in 5-week survival and reproductive output between treated and untreated groups.

Conclusion
Based on our results, the protocol is deemed appropriate for the detection of non-target effects. Subject to further validation, our approach could thus provide the basis for standardized protocols for the evaluation of the environmental safety of biocontrol organisms.
Effect of Strain-Induced Precipitation on the Recrystallization Kinetics in a Model Alloy
Authors: Ji Mo , Strangwood Martin , Davis Claire 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effects of Nb addition on the recrystallization kinetics and the recrystallized grain size distribution after cold deformation were investigated by using Fe-30Ni and Fe-30Ni-0.044 wt pct Nb steel with comparable starting grain size distributions. The samples were deformed to 0.3 strain at room temperature followed by annealing at 950 °C to 850 °C for various times; the microstructural evolution and the grain size distribution of non- and fully recrystallized samples were characterized, along with the strain-induced precipitates (SIPs) and their size and volume fraction evolution. It was found that Nb addition has little effect on recrystallized grain size distribution, whereas Nb precipitation kinetics (SIP size and number density) affects the recrystallization Avrami exponent depending on the annealing temperature. Faster precipitation coarsening rates at high temperature (950 °C to 900 °C) led to slower recrystallization kinetics but no change on Avrami exponent, despite precipitation occurring before recrystallization. Whereas a slower precipitation coarsening rate at 850 °C gave fine-sized strain-induced precipitates that were effective in reducing the recrystallization Avrami exponent after 50 pct of recrystallization. Both solute drag and precipitation pinning effects have been added onto the JMAK model to account the effect of Nb content on recrystallization Avrami exponent for samples with large grain size distributions.
Clinico-pathological features and mutational spectrum of 16 nemaline myopathy patients from a Chinese neuromuscular center
Authors: Yin Xi , Pu Chuanqiang , Wang Zhenfu , Li Ke , Wang HuiFang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNemaline myopathy (NM) is a congenital myopathy of great heterogeneity, characterized by the presence of rods in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers. The samples of 16 nemaline myopathy patients diagnosed by characteristically pathological features went through whole exon sequencing. Clinico-pathological and genetic features of the cases were systematically analyzed. According to the classification of nemaline myopathy by ENMC, 8 cases are typical congenital subtype, 6 cases are childhood/juvenile onset subtype and 2 case are adult onset subtype. In histological findings, characteristic purple-colored rods are discovered under modified gömöri trichrome staining (MGT). Electron microscopy revealed the presence of high electron-dense nemaline bodies around the submucosa and the nucleus nine patients (9/16 56.3%) were detected pathogenic causative mutations, among whom mutations in the NEB gene were the most frequent (6 patients, 66.7%). KBTBD13 gene mutation was discovered in two patients and ACTA1 gene mutation was discovered in 1 patient. Nemaline myopathy is a congenital myopathy with highly clinico-pathological and genetic heterogeneity. NEB gene mutation is the most common mutation, in which splicing change c.21522 +3A > G is hotspot mutation in Chinese NM patients.
Mapping of scatter in fatigue life assessment of welded structures—a round-robin study
Authors: Hultgren Gustav , Khurshid Mansoor , Haglund Peter , Barsoum Zuheir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA round-robin study has been carried out within a national project in Sweden with the addition of an international participant, where several industrial partners and universities are participating. The project aims to identify variation and sources of variation in welding production, map scatter in fatigue life estimation, and define and develop concepts to reduce these, in all steps of product development. The participating organisations were asked to carry out fatigue life assessment of welded box structures, which is a component in load-carrying structures. The estimations of fatigue life have also been compared with fatigue test results. Detailed drawings, loads and material data were also given to the participants. The participants were supposed to use assessment methods based on global and local stresses using the design codes or recommendations they currently use in-house. Differences were identified between both methods and participants using the same codes/recommendations. Applicability and conditions from the cases in the codes were also identified to be differently evaluated between the participants. It could be concluded that for the applied cases the nominal stress method often overestimated the fatigue life and had a high scatter in the estimations by different participants. The effective notch method is conservative in comparison to the life of tested components with little scatter between the results derived by the participants.
Heuristic rank selection with progressively searching tensor ring network
Authors: Li Nannan , Pan Yu , Chen Yaran , Ding Zixiang , Zhao Dongbin , Xu Zenglin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecently, tensor ring networks (TRNs) have been applied in deep networks, achieving remarkable successes in compression ratio and accuracy. Although highly related to the performance of TRNs, rank selection is seldom studied in previous works and usually set to equal in experiments. Meanwhile, there is not any heuristic method to choose the rank, and an enumerating way to find appropriate rank is extremely time-consuming. Interestingly, we discover that part of the rank elements is sensitive and usually aggregate in a narrow region, namely an interest region. Therefore, based on the above phenomenon, we propose a novel progressive genetic algorithm named progressively searching tensor ring network search (PSTRN), which has the ability to find optimal rank precisely and efficiently. Through the evolutionary phase and progressive phase, PSTRN can converge to the interest region quickly and harvest good performance. Experimental results show that PSTRN can significantly reduce the complexity of seeking rank, compared with the enumerating method. Furthermore, our method is validated on public benchmarks like MNIST, CIFAR10/100, UCF11 and HMDB51, achieving the state-of-the-art performance.
Study of the Processing of a Recycled WC–Co Powder: Can It Compete with Conventional WC–Co Powders?
Authors: Mégret Alexandre , Vitry Véronique , Delaunois Fabienne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCemented carbide tools suffer from many issues due to the use of tungsten and cobalt as raw materials. Indeed, those are listed by the European Commission as “critical raw materials” since 2011 and by the US Department of Interior as “critical minerals” in 2018. To remain competitive with the conventional high-speed steels, less performant but cheaper, WC–Co tools can be recycled. In the present paper, a WC–7.5Co powder, recycled by the “Coldstream” process, has been sintered with vacuum sintering. As preliminary experiments have shown that the sinterability of the powder is low, the sintering temperature was set at 1500 °C to achieve full density. In parallel, the influence of ball milling conditions (rotation speed and milling medium) on the reactivity of the recycled powder has been studied in terms of grain size distribution, hardness, and fracture toughness. The optimized milling conditions were found to be 6 h wet milling, leading to a hardness of about 1870 HV30 and a toughness of about 10.5 MPa√m after densification. The recycled powder can thus totally compete with conventional powders, opening avenues for the recycling of cemented carbide tools.
Graphical Abstract
Studying the Potential of Graphcore® IPUs for Applications in Particle Physics
Authors: Maddrell-Mander Samuel , Mohan Lakshan Ram Madhan , Marshall Alexander , O’Hanlon Daniel , Petridis Konstantinos , Rademacker Jonas , Rege Victoria , Titterton Alexander 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the first study of Graphcore’s Intelligence Processing Unit (IPU) in the context of particle physics applications. The IPU is a new type of processor optimised for machine learning. Comparisons are made for neural-network-based event simulation, multiple-scattering correction, and flavour tagging, implemented on IPUs, GPUs and CPUs, using a variety of neural network architectures and hyperparameters. Additionally, a Kálmán filter for track reconstruction is implemented on IPUs and GPUs. The results indicate that IPUs hold considerable promise in addressing the rapidly increasing compute needs in particle physics.
Spatiotemporal variability of agricultural drought and its association with climatic variables in the Upper Awash Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Bayable Getachew , Gashaw Temesgen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDrought is a serious threat to agriculture in Ethiopia. This study examined the spatiotemporal variability of agricultural drought and its association with climatic variables in the Upper Awash basin. Mann–Kendall (MK) trend test was employed to examine the drought trend while Sen’s slop estimator and pixel-based linear regression model were used to analyze the magnitude of drought changes. The association between agricultural drought and climatic variables was evaluated by the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). High spatiotemporal variability of drought was observed in Kiremit (June–September) and Belg (February–May) seasons. The Belg season spatial average vegetation condition index (VCI) trends were decreased insignificantly from 2001 to 2019 at a 5% significant level, whereas the spatial average VCI trends of Kiremit season were increased insignificantly. The return period of severe droughts during the Belg season was less frequent than the Kiremt season severe drought. The correlation between spatial average VCI and precipitation was positive for Belg and Kiremit seasons. Likewise, the correlation between average VCI and land surface temperature (LST) was negative in Belg and positive in Kiremit season. Moreover, the correlation between mean VCI and Pacific Ocean Sea Surface Temperature (SST) was positive for Belg and Kiremit seasons. The influencing factor of precipitation and LST on VCI during Belg season was higher than Kiremit season. The findings of this study are vital for decision-making systems and preparing plans to adjust sowing time, select drought-resistant crops, practice in situ water conservation, practice small-scale irrigation and diversify the income of smallholder farmers.
Influence of innovative three-element binder on permanent deformations in recycled mixtures with emulsion and foamed bitumen
Authors: Mazurek Grzegorz , Iwański Marek , Buczyński Przemysław , Horodecka Renata 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article is detected to the assessment of durable deformations of recycled mixtures made of foamed bitumen (MCAS) and emulsion (MCE). In the basic part of research and analyses, attention was focused on determining the scale of three-component composition modifying rheological phenomena of recycled mixtures and other selected features considering various methods of bituminous binder proportioning. Cement, hydrated lime, and dusts from cement dust extracting system were included in the composition hydraulic binder. In this paper, the effect of graining of recycled mixture was also taken into account. One of the main scientific aims of the paper was to evaluate the degree of changes in durable deformations described in the power model depending on proportions of elements making three-element hydraulic binder. In effect, it was pointed out that the influence of hydraulic binder differently affected the durable deformation of recycled mixture depending on ways of bitumen binder implementation. There-element binder exerted the highest influence on mechanical properties of mixtures with fine-grained mixtures made according to the MCAS technology. The presence of 4 groups of mixtures with different properties was demonstrated using the classification neuron net. Based on that information, a set of the most recommended solutions from the point of view of time deformation resistance, low sensitiveness to the load level at moderate stiffness was selected. The best representative among them was the arrangement with 20% of hydrated lime, less than 40% of CBPD dusts and 40 ÷ 60% of cement.
Exponential ergodicity and steady-state approximations for a class of markov processes under fast regime switching
Authors: Arapostathis Ari , Pang Guodong , Zheng Yi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study ergodic properties of a class of Markov-modulated general birth–death processes under fast regime switching. The first set of results concerns the ergodic properties of the properly scaled joint Markov process with a parameter that is taken to be large. Under very weak hypotheses, we show that if the averaged process is exponentially ergodic for large values of the parameter, then the same applies to the original joint Markov process. The second set of results concerns steady-state diffusion approximations, under the assumption that the ‘averaged’ fluid limit exists. Here, we establish convergence rates for the moments of the approximating diffusion process to those of the Markov-modulated birth–death process. This is accomplished by comparing the generator of the approximating diffusion and that of the joint Markov process. We also provide several examples which demonstrate how the theory can be applied.