bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women, Younger Clinicians’, and Caregivers’ Experiences of Burnout and Well-being During COVID-19 in a US Healthcare System
Authors: Dillon Ellis C. , Stults Cheryl D. , Deng Sien , Martinez Meghan , Szwerinski Nina , Koenig P.T. , Gregg Laurie , Cobb Jill Kacher , Mahler Elizabeth , Frosch Dominick L. , Le Sieur Sarina , Hanley Melissa , Pertsch Suzanne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic brought rapid changes to the work and personal lives of clinicians.ObjectiveTo assess clinician burnout and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic and guide healthcare system improvement efforts.DesignA survey asking about clinician burnout, well-being, and work experiences.ParticipantsSurveys distributed to 8141 clinicians from June to August 2020 in 9 medical groups and 17 hospitals at Sutter Health, a large healthcare system in Northern California.Main MeasuresBurnout was the primary outcome, and other indicators of well-being and work experience were also measured. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. All statistical inferences were based on weighted estimates adjusting for response bias.Key ResultsA total of 3176 clinicians (39.0%) responded to the survey. Weighted results showed 29.2% reported burnout, and burnout was more common among women than among men (39.0% vs. 22.7%,p<0.01). In multivariate models, being a woman was associated with increased odds of reporting burnout (OR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.51–3.17) and being 55+ years old with lower odds (OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.34–0.87). More women than men reported that childcare/caregiving was impacting work (32.9% vs. 19.0%,p<0.01). Even after controlling for age and gender, clinicians who reported childcare/caregiving responsibilities impacted their work had substantially higher odds of reporting burnout (OR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.54–3.11). Other factors associated with higher burnout included worrying about safety at work, being given additional work tasks, concern about losing one’s job, and working in emergency medicine or radiology. Protective factors included believing one’s concerns will be acted upon and feeling highly valued.ConclusionsThis large survey found the pandemic disproportionally impacted women, younger clinicians, and those whose caregiving responsibilities impacted their work. These results highlight the need for a holistic and targeted strategy for improving clinician well-being that addresses the needs of women, younger clinicians, and those with caregiving responsibilities.
Führung von und in Familienunternehmen
Authors: Wimmer Rudolf 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)“ geht davon aus, dass die etablierte Führungsforschung die spezifische Führungspraxis in familiengeführten Unternehmen bislang weitestgehend ignoriert. Das ist erstaunlich, sind doch weltweit, je nach Region unterschiedlich, 70–90 % der Unternehmen diesem Typus zuzurechnen. Auf der anderen Seite hat zur Zeit die stark expandierende Forschung zu den Besonderheiten von Familienunternehmen das Thema Führung auch nur sehr indirekt am Schirm nämlich als Einflussnahme der Eignerfamilie auf die Unternehmensentwicklung. Die in dieser Forschung dominierenden Theoriezugänge werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit mit Blick auf ihre Erklärungskraft bzw. auf ihre paradigmatischen Begrenzungen rekonstruiert und dem Differenzierungsvermögen eines systemtheoretischen Verständnisses von Führung und Organisation gegenübergestellt.Ziel dieser Gegenüberstellung ist es, den theoretischen Blick auf die Besonderheiten des Führungsgeschehens in Familienunternehmen zu schärfen.
Quantile composite-based path modeling: algorithms, properties and applications
Authors: Dolce Pasquale , Davino Cristina , Vistocco Domenico 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComposite-based path modeling aims to study the relationships among a set of constructs, that is a representation of theoretical concepts. Such constructs are operationalized as composites (i.e. linear combinations of observed or manifest variables). The traditional partial least squares approach to composite-based path modeling focuses on the conditional means of the response distributions, being based on ordinary least squares regressions. Several are the cases where limiting to the mean could not reveal interesting effects at other locations of the outcome variables. Among these: when response variables are highly skewed, distributions have heavy tails and the analysis is concerned also about the tail part, heteroscedastic variances of the errors is present, distributions are characterized by outliers and other extreme data. In such cases, the quantile approach to path modeling is a valuable tool to complement the traditional approach, analyzing the entire distribution of outcome variables. Previous research has already shown the benefits of Quantile Composite-based Path Modeling but the methodological properties of the method have never been investigated. This paper offers a complete description of Quantile Composite-based Path Modeling, illustrating in details the method, the algorithms, the partial optimization criteria along with the machinery for validating and assessing the models. The asymptotic properties of the method are investigated through a simulation study. Moreover, an application on chronic kidney disease in diabetic patients is used to provide guidelines for the interpretation of results and to show the potentialities of the method to detect heterogeneity in the variable relationships.
Zwischen Tradition und Sozialmanagement
Authors: Lochner Barbara , Schweitzer Helmuth , Kratz Dirk 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDer einleitende Beitrag des Themenschwerpunkts zur aktuellen Situation von Wohlfahrtsverbänden zielt darauf, wesentliche Knotenpunkte der Diskussion zusammenzufassen. Er benennt vor dem Hintergrund der verbandlichen Vielfalt Forschungsdesiderata zu den Auswirkungen verschärfter sozialwirtschaftlicher Rahmenbedingungen auf die Gestaltungsspielräume bei der Sicherung nachhaltiger finanzieller Grundlagen für Existenz und Leistungserbringung der Organisationen.
Integrating philosophy of science in civil engineering: an integrative course design strategy
Authors: MacLeod Miles 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany philosophers of science think scientific practice can benefit from philosophical concepts, and as such philosophy of science should play a direct role in science and engineering education. In this paper we consider a highly integrative course design strategy for integrating philosophy of science in specific disciplinary educational programmes through adaptation, operationalization and embedding of philosophy of science material to fit both the scientific and educational structure of a programme. The goal of the strategy is to help encourage students to recognize the value of philosophical concepts to scientific decision making and to apply them in their own scientific practice. We use the example of a 7.5 ECTS civil engineering course which implements this design at a European technical university, to elaborate these concepts, and present some evidence on how students receive the course. We discuss some of challenges and limitations of implementing this kind of strategy for teaching philosophy of science.
Synergetic Modelling of Energy and Resource Efficiency as well as Occupational Safety and Health Risks of Plating Process Chains
Authors: Leiden Alexander , Thiede Sebastian , Herrmann Christoph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo meet the sustainable development goals of the United Nations, the energy and resource efficiency of industrial processes have to increase, and workplaces have to become decent for the involved workers. Plating process chains are typically associated with high energy and resource demand and the use of hazardous chemicals. For the analysis and improvement of the energy and resource efficiency as well as for modelling the occupational safety and health risks, a variety of separate approaches are available. Combined approaches are not available yet. An agent-based simulation is used as the basis for integrated energy and resource as well as occupational safety and health risk assessment. In particular, an energy and resource flow model provides the life cycle inventory data for an environmental assessment. The integration of a mechanistic inhalation exposure model through a surrogate model approach enables a combined synergetic consideration of environmental and occupational safety and health effects. A simulation case study shows the impact of chrome acid changes in chrome electroplating processes as well as the effect of different rinsing cascade settings and rinsing control strategies.
Analysis of Urban Heat Island and Heat Waves Using Sentinel-3 Images: a Study of Andalusian Cities in Spain
Authors: García David Hidalgo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
At present, understanding the synergies between the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) phenomenon and extreme climatic events entailing high mortality, i.e., heat waves, is a great challenge that must be faced to improve the quality of life in urban zones. The implementation of new mitigation and resilience measures in cities would serve to lessen the effects of heat waves and the economic cost they entail. In this research, the Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the SUHI were determined through Sentinel-3A and 3B images of the eight capitals of Andalusia (southern Spain) during the months of July and August of years 2019 and 2020. The objective was to determine possible synergies or interaction between the LST and SUHI, as well as between SUHI and heat waves, in a region classified as highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. For each Andalusian city, the atmospheric variables of ambient temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and direction were obtained from stations of the Spanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMET); the data were quantified and classified both in periods of normal environmental conditions and during heat waves. By means of Data Panel statistical analysis, the multivariate relationships were derived, determining which ones statistically influence the SUHI during heat wave periods. The results indicate that the LST and the mean SUHI obtained are statistically interacted and intensify under heat wave conditions. The greatest increases in daytime temperatures were seen for Sentinel-3A in cities by the coast (LST = 3.90 °C, SUHI = 1.44 °C) and for Sentinel-3B in cities located inland (LST = 2.85 °C, SUHI = 0.52 °C). The existence of statistically significant positive relationships above 99% (p < 0.000) between the SUHI and solar radiation, and between the SUHI and the direction of the wind, intensified in periods of heat wave, could be verified. An increase in the urban area affected by the SUHI under heat wave conditions is reported.

Graphical Abstract
‘Dams and flows’: boundary formation and dislocation in the financialised firm
Authors: Leaver Adam , Martin Keir 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mainstream economic theories of the firm argue that the boundary between firm and market is determined by efficiency-enhancing logics which optimise coordination or bargaining outcomes. Drawing on social anthropological work, this paper critiques these accounts, arguing instead that firms are socially embedded and that firm boundary formation should therefore be understood as an attempt to fix the limits of certain relational rights and obligations that are moral in their conception. Consequently, boundaries are often contested and subject to renegotiation. We employ the parsimonious concepts of ‘dams and flows’ to examine how attempts to curtail the claims of some stakeholders and extend the claims of others at any one historical moment produce boundaries of different kinds. To illustrate this, we first trace the moral arguments used to advance limited liability rights to shareholders during the Companies Act in the mid-nineteenth century, which cut or ‘dammed’ obligations at a particular point and moment, directing new flows of obligation and wealth. We then explore the different moral reasoning of agency theory—the foundation of the financialised firm—which foregrounds the property rights of shareholder principles and obligations of managerial agents to them. We argue that this moral reasoning led to new dams and flows that have changed corporate governance and accounting practice, producing—counterintuitively—a reinvigorated form of managerialism, leaving the firm financially and morally unstable; its boundaries increasingly unable to contain its relational tensions.
Artificial intelligence in research and development for sustainability: the centrality of explicability and research data management
Authors: Hermann Erik , Hermann Gunter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSustainability constitutes a focal challenge and objective of our time and requires collaborative efforts. As artificial intelligence brings forth substantial opportunities for innovations across industry and social contexts, so it provides innovation potential for pursuing sustainability. We argue that (chemical) research and development driven by artificial intelligence can substantially contribute to sustainability if it is leveraged in an ethical way. Therefore, we propose that the ethical principle explicability combined with (open) research data management systems should accompany artificial intelligence in research and development to foster sustainability in an equitable and collaborative way.
Immigrant supply of marketable child care and native fertility in Italy
Authors: Mariani R. D. , Rosati F. C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe availability of child-care services has often been advocated as one of the instruments to counter the fertility decline observed in many high-income countries. In the recent past, large inflows of low-skilled migrants have substantially increased the supply of child-care services. In this paper, we examine if immigration has actually affected fertility exploiting the natural experiment occurred in Italy in 2007, when a large inflow of migrants—many of them specialized in the supply of child care—arrived unexpectedly. With a difference-in-differences method, we show that immigrant female workers have increased native births by a number that ranges roughly from 2% to 4%. We validate our result by the implementation of an instrumental variable approach and several robustness tests, all concluding that the increase in the supply of child-care services by immigrant women has positively affected native fertility.
Challenges of Providing Health Care in Complex Emergencies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Seyedin Hesam , Rostamian Morteza , Barghi Shirazi Fahimeh , Adibi Larijani Haleh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Providing health care in times of complex emergencies (CEs) is one of the most vital needs of people. CEs are situations in which a large part of the population is affected by social unrest, wars, and food shortages. This systematic review study was conducted to identify the challenges of health-care delivery in CEs. We searched terms related to health-care delivery and CEs in PubMed, Web of Sciences, Science Direct, and Google scholar databases, as well as Persian databases SID and Magiran. The searching keywords included: “Health Care, Complex Crises, War, Humanitarian, Refugees, Displaced Persons, Health Services, and Challenges.” Of 409 records, we selected 6 articles based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) checklist. Studies were analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The results show that CEs affect health-care delivery in 4 primary areas: the workforce, infrastructure, information access, and organization of health services. These areas can pose potential threats for health-care providers and planners at times of emergencies. Thus, they should be informed about these challenges to strengthen the health-care system.
Core Executive Politics in the Cameron Era, 2010–16: The Dynamics of Whitehall Reform
Authors: Diamond Patrick 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBy the early 1990s, the core executive was established as the ‘new orthodoxy’ in the study of British government at the centre. Thirty years on, this article avers that its main assumptions are increasingly questionable in the light of more recent empirical evidence. The core executive approach may well have outlived its usefulness. This claim is derived from analysis of the Cameron premiership from 2010 to 2016. The focus is on how Whitehall reform radically altered the relationship between politicians and civil servants, reshaping prevailing public service bargains and rules of the game. Ministers identified mechanisms to rebuild political capacity, augmenting partisan control of the bureaucracy. They drew on resources from outside the core executive while politicians increased their sway over civil service appointments. As a result, officials felt they should be ‘responsive’ to ministers. The cumulative effect was to replace interpersonal and institutional resource dependency with a ‘them and us’ model. Consequently, the risk of policy disasters and fiascos grew.
An African School for African Americans: Black Demands for Education in Antebellum Boston
Authors: Mills ShaVonte’ 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article examines Black parents’ efforts to establish and secure quality education for their children in antebellum Boston, Massachusetts. It situates the African School, a Black-owned cultural institution, within Black nationalist politics and reveals how the schoolhouse became a site of political tension between Black Bostonians and the Boston School Committee. Analyzing petitions, school records, and newspapers, this essay finds that the African School cultivated Black citizenship ideologies that prioritized political activism. This study invites new understandings of the political intersections of education and citizenship, and it illuminates the utility of Black nationalism in antebellum Boston.
“They will liberate themselves”: Education, Citizenship, and Civil Rights in the Appalachian Coalfields
Authors: McCullum Kristan L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Black Appalachian educational experience during the civil rights era has largely been obscured by mythologies of invisibility and regional racial innocence. The narrative in this article counters these myths through the stories of Black Appalachians who came of age during the 1950s and 1960s in Jenkins, a southeastern Kentucky coal town. It explores the nuances and complexities of Jim Crow in this Appalachian community and demonstrates the various ways in which the Black community navigated segregation and inequality through its commitment to education as freedom. The belief in the liberatory potential of education fostered different forms of activism, from direct-action protest to more subtle acts of resistance. This article uses oral histories to reconstruct the educational experiences of Black Appalachians during a particular transformative moment in history. Prioritizing the voices of those who lived this history not only highlights the agency of Black Appalachians, but also assigns subjectivity and agency in constructing the narrative itself.
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) response on hospital infection prevention programs and practices in the southeastern United States
Authors: Advani Sonali D. , Cromer Andrea , Wood Brittain , Baker Esther , Crawford Kathryn L. , Crane Linda , Roach Linda , Padgette Polly , Dodds-Ashley Elizabeth , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. , Weber David J. , Sickbert-Bennett Emily , Anderson Deverick J. ,   for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: November 2021

AbstractInitial assessments of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preparedness revealed resource shortages and variations in infection prevention policies across US hospitals. Our follow-up survey revealed improvement in resource availability, increase in testing capacity, and uniformity in infection prevention policies. Most importantly, the survey highlighted an increase in staffing shortages and use of travel nursing.
Impact of institutional support on educators' subjective well-being during the transition to virtual work due to COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Kumpikaitė-Valiūnienė Vilmantė , Duobienė Jurga , Liubinienė Vilmantė , Kasperiūnienė Judita , Tandzegolskienė Ilona 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic changed regular life and work around the world. Educational institutions moved to a virtual environment, in many cases without any experience and preparation. This paper explores the impact of institutional support on educators' subjective well-being during the pandemic lockdown. A quantitative study was conducted in Lithuania with 1,851 educators in April 2020. Institutional support was found to have a positive impact on work–life balance and well-being, as well as reducing work-related, client-related and personal burnout. This study begins a dialog on institutional support and its impact on employee well-being in unexpected work and life conditions.
Risk for depression tripled during the COVID-19 pandemic in emerging adults followed for the last 8 years
Authors: Alzueta Elisabet , Podhajsky Simon , Zhao Qingyu , Tapert Susan F. , Thompson Wesley K. , de Zambotti Massimiliano , Yuksel Dilara , Kiss Orsolya , Wang Rena , Volpe Laila , Prouty Devin , Colrain Ian M. , Clark Duncan B. , Goldston David B. , Nooner Kate B. , De Bellis Michael D. , Brown Sandra A. , Nagel Bonnie J. , Pfefferbaum Adolf , Sullivan Edith V. , Baker Fiona C. , Pohl Kilian M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly increased depression rates, particularly in emerging adults. The aim of this study was to examine longitudinal changes in depression risk before and during COVID-19 in a cohort of emerging adults in the U.S. and to determine whether prior drinking or sleep habits could predict the severity of depressive symptoms during the pandemic.MethodsParticipants were 525 emerging adults from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA), a five-site community sample including moderate-to-heavy drinkers. Poisson mixed-effect models evaluated changes in the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) from before to during COVID-19, also testing for sex and age interactions. Additional analyses examined whether alcohol use frequency or sleep duration measured in the last pre-COVID assessment predicted pandemic-related increase in depressive symptoms.ResultsThe prevalence of risk for clinical depression tripled due to a substantial and sustained increase in depressive symptoms during COVID-19 relative to pre-COVID years. Effects were strongest for younger women. Frequent alcohol use and short sleep duration during the closest pre-COVID visit predicted a greater increase in COVID-19 depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe sharp increase in depression risk among emerging adults heralds a public health crisis with alarming implications for their social and emotional functioning as this generation matures. In addition to the heightened risk for younger women, the role of alcohol use and sleep behavior should be tracked through preventive care aiming to mitigate this looming mental health crisis.