bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Versatile in situ/operando Setup for Studying Catalysts by X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy under Demanding and Dynamic Reaction Conditions for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Pandit L. , Serrer M.‐A. , Saraҫi E. , Boubnov A. , Grunwaldt J.‐D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractX‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is one of the powerful operando tools to track structural variations in heterogeneous catalysts. The nature of active sites in catalyst research is of great relevance, especially given the growing importance of energy storage using CO2 as feedstock and the need for dynamic availability of electric power. Due to the pressure/temperature prerequisite of catalyst performance, the characterization of catalyst structure during catalysis under such high‐pressure reaction conditions is important to further improve catalyst design at a molecular level. Investigating catalysts in a controlled reaction atmosphere, while probing with X‐rays, offers an excellent opportunity for developing infrastructure at the synchrotron. Herein, a mobile setup with a robust spectroscopic cell for in situ and operando XAS applications, including a high‐pressure gas dosing equipment for such catalytic systems, is presented. The in situ/operando cell is operational for both the transmission and the fluorescence XAS mode at up to 50 bar and 450 °C. The setup comes with a protective box with Kapton windows, which holds the cell and serves as a miniature fume hood, and on‐line product analysis. Furthermore, the gas dosing equipment is compact, light‐weighted and can be easily transported to different synchrotrons and allows an optimum pre‐mix of gas flows and pressure build‐up. Methanol and Fischer‐Tropsch syntheses are used as examples for the highly flexible instrumentation.
Sodiation Of Hard Carbon: How Separating Enthalpy And Entropy Contributions Can Find Transitions Hidden In The Voltage Profile
Authors: Mercer Michael Peter , Affleck Sam , Gavilán‐Arriazu Edgardo Maximiliano , Zülke Alana Aragón , Maughan Philip A. , Trivedi Shivam , Fichtner Maximilian , Reddy Munnangi Anji , Leiva Ezequiel P. M. , Hoster Harry Ernst 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) utilize cheaper materials than lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and can thus be used in larger scale applications. The preferred anode material is hard carbon, because sodium cannot be inserted into graphite. We apply experimental entropy profiling (EP), where the cell temperature is changed under open circuit conditions. EP has been used to characterize LIBs; here, we demonstrate the first application of EP to any NIB material. The voltage versus sodiation fraction curves (voltage profiles) of hard carbon lack clear features, consisting only of a slope and a plateau, making it difficult to clarify the structural features of hard carbon that could optimize cell performance. We find additional features through EP that are masked in the voltage profiles. We fit lattice gas models of hard carbon sodiation to experimental EP and system enthalpy, obtaining: 1. a theoretical maximum capacity, 2. interlayer versus pore filled sodium with state of charge.
The PHARMACOM‐EPI Framework for Integrating Pharmacometric Modelling Into Pharmacoepidemiological Research Using Real‐World Data: Application to Assess Death Associated With Valproate
Authors: Soeorg Hiie , Sverrisdóttir Eva , Andersen Morten , Lund Trine Meldgaard , Sessa Maurizio 
Published: December 2021

In pharmacoepidemiology, it is usually expected that the observed association should be directly or indirectly related to the pharmacological effects of the drug/s under investigation. Pharmacological effects are, in turn, strongly connected to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a drug, which can be characterized and investigated using pharmacometric models. Recently, the use of pharmacometrics has been proposed to provide pharmacological substantiation of pharmacoepidemiological findings derived from real‐world data. However, validated frameworks suggesting how to combine these two disciplines for the aforementioned purpose are missing. Therefore, we propose PHARMACOM‐EPI, a framework that provides a structured approach on how to identify, characterize, and apply pharmacometric models with practical details on how to choose software, format dataset, handle missing covariates/dosing data, how to perform the external evaluation of pharmacometric models in real‐world data, and how to provide pharmacological substantiation of pharmacoepidemiological findings. PHARMACOM‐EPI was tested in a proof‐of‐concept study to pharmacologically substantiate death associated with valproate use in the Danish population aged ≥ 65 years. Pharmacological substantiation of death during a follow‐up period of 1 year showed that in all individuals who died (n = 169) individual predictions were within the subtherapeutic range compared with 52.8% of those who did not die (n = 1,084). Of individuals who died, 66.3% (n = 112) had a cause of death possibly related to valproate and 33.7% (n = 57) with well‐defined cause of death unlikely related to valproate. This proof‐of‐concept study showed that PHARMACOM‐EPI was able to provide pharmacological substantiation for death associated with valproate use in the study population.
Analyst coverage and corporate social responsibility decoupling: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Yi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of analyst coverage on corporate social responsibility (CSR) decoupling using a sample of listed firms in China for 2010–2019. Results reveal that analyst coverage decreases CSR decoupling, and that the negative association is more pronounced for non‐state‐owned firms and for firms with high information asymmetry. The baseline results remain consistent after application of several robustness and endogeneity tests, including two‐stage least squares (2SLS) and Heckman two‐stage analysis. The results extend the literature on analyst coverage and scarce studies on determinants of CSR decoupling. Practitioners may alleviate CSR decoupling by properly using the monitoring role of financial analysts in corporate governance.
Environmental context mediates the interaction between fine sediment and hyporheic macroinvertebrate
Authors: Duan Ningxing , Song Jinxi , Mao Huan , Sun Haotian , Huang Peng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExcessive deposition of fine‐sediment filling interstitial spaces in riverbed substrates is widely acknowledged to negatively impact the aquatic ecosystems. Hyporheic invertebrates, sensitive to ecological status, respond to the clogged substratum through more intense bioturbation. To better understand the interaction between hyporheic macroinvertebrates and fine sediment, a continuum of a naturally increasing fine‐sediment content in the Weihe River was investigated through field sampling in four seasons. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and cluster analysis were employed to assess the distribution and the homogeneity in the composition variation of macroinvertebrate assemblages. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed to reveal the context‐dependent relevance of bioturbation activity with bioturbation potential value. Our results suggest that the impact of fine‐sediment clogging on community composition and bioturbation activity was seasonally dependent due to the variability of environmental factors, such as flood events and water quality. The highest abundance and bioturbation activity occurred at moderately clogged sampling sites, while reductions in richness and bioturbation activity were observed at heavily clogged sampling sites, and the samples collected at some of the heavily clogged sites downstream did not even contain macroinvertebrates. The results indicated that the interaction between organisms and fine sediments is limited due to the complexity of the benthic and hyporheic zone. The study highlights the feasibility of hyporheic macroinvertebrates as indicators for the effects of fine‐sediment loading pressures on lotic ecosystems and the necessity of reach‐specific conservation and management strategies, especially in the downstream.
Uranyl Ion Coordination by Benzene‐1,2,3‐tricarboxylate: Building Chains and Networks from Binuclear Bricks
Authors: Thuéry Pierre , Harrowfield Jack 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBenzene‐1,2,3‐tricarboxylic acid (123btcH3) was used to synthesize 7 uranyl ion complexes under hydro‐solvothermal conditions, in the presence of different structure‐directing agents. [Zn(phen)3][Zn2(123btc)(phen)4][(UO2)2(123btc)2(OH)(CH3CN)] ⋅ 3H2O (1, phen=1,10‐phenanthroline), the only discrete species in the series, crystallizes as a binuclear, cup‐shaped dimer. Both [PPh3Me][UO2(123btc)] (2) and [C(NH2)3][UO2(123btc)] ⋅ 0.5H2O (3) contain anionic, monoperiodic coordination polymers based on quasi‐planar, binuclear (UO2)2(123btc)22− subunits in which two oxygen atoms of each ligand are uncoordinated. Similar chains are found in [UO2(123btc)K(18C6)] ⋅ H2O (4, 18C6=18‐crown‐6), the potassium cations being decorating groups bound to carboxylato and uranyl oxo donors. An analogous decorating role to monoperiodic polymers is played by UO2(DMF)2(H2O)22+ cations in [(UO2)3(123btc)2(DMF)2(H2O)2] (5), while bridging of chains by UO2(NMP)32+ cations in [(UO2)3(123btc)2(NMP)3] (6) yields a diperiodic network with V2O5 topology. [NH4][UO2(123btc)] (7), which does not contain the dimeric subunit found in the other cases, crystallizes as a diperiodic network with sql topology, the layers being associated through hydrogen bonding interactions with the ammonium counterions.
The fluvial architecture of buried floodplain sediments of the Weiße Elster River (Germany) revealed by a novel method combination of drill cores with two‐dimensional and spatially resolved geophysical measurements
Authors: von Suchodoletz Hans , Pohle Marco , Khosravichenar Azra , Ulrich Mathias , Hein Michael , Tinapp Christian , Schultz Jonathan , Ballasus Helen , Veit Ulrich , Ettel Peter , Werther Lukas , Zielhofer Christoph , Werban Ulrike 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe complex and non‐linear fluvial river dynamics are characterized by repeated periods of fluvial erosion and re‐deposition in different parts of the floodplain. Understanding the fluvial architecture (i.e. the three‐dimensional arrangement and genetic interconnectedness of different sediment types) is therefore fundamental to obtain well‐based information about controlling factors. However, investigating the fluvial architecture in buried floodplain deposits without natural exposures is challenging. We studied the fluvial architecture of the middle Weiße Elster floodplain in Central Germany, an extraordinary long‐standing archive of Holocene flooding and landscape changes in sensitive loess‐covered Central European landscapes. We applied a novel systematic approach by coupling two‐dimensional transects of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements and closely spaced core drillings with spatially resolved measurements of electromagnetic induction (EMI) of larger floodplain areas at three study sites. This allowed for (i) time and cost‐efficient core drillings based on preceding ERT measurements and (ii) spatially scaling up the main elements of the fluvial architecture, such as the distribution of thick silt‐clay overbank deposits and paleochannel patterns from the floodplain transects to larger surrounding areas. We found that fine‐grained sand and silt‐clay overbank deposits overlying basal gravels were deposited during several periods of intensive flooding. Those were separated from each other by periods of reduced flooding, allowing soil formation. However, the overbank deposits were severely laterally eroded before and during each sedimentation period. This was probably linked with pronounced meandering or even braiding of the river. Our preliminary chronological classification suggests that first fine‐grained sedimentation must have occurred during the Early to Middle Holocene, and the last phase of lateral erosion and sedimentation during the Little Ice Age. Our study demonstrates the high archive potential of the buried fluvial sediments of the middle Weiße Elster floodplain and provides a promising time and cost‐effective approach for future studies of buried floodplain sediments.
Multi‐timepoint pattern analysis: Influence of personality and behavior on decoding context‐dependent brain connectivity dynamics
Authors: Ganesan Saampras , Lv Jinglei , Zalesky Andrew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBehavioral traits are rarely considered in task‐evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, yet these traits can affect how an individual engages with the task, and thus lead to heterogeneity in task‐evoked brain responses. We aimed to investigate whether interindividual variation in behavior associates with the accuracy of predicting task‐evoked changes in the dynamics of functional brain connectivity measured with functional MRI. We developed a novel method called multi‐timepoint pattern analysis (MTPA), in which binary logistic regression classifiers were trained to distinguish rest from each of 7 tasks (i.e., social cognition, working memory, language, relational, motor, gambling, emotion) based on functional connectivity dynamics measured in 1,000 healthy adults. We found that connectivity dynamics for multiple pairs of large‐scale networks enabled individual classification between task and rest with accuracies exceeding 70%, with the most discriminatory connections relatively unique to each task. Crucially, interindividual variation in classification accuracy significantly associated with several behavioral, cognition and task performance measures. Classification between task and rest was generally more accurate for individuals with higher intelligence and task performance. Additionally, for some of the tasks, classification accuracy improved with lower perceived stress, lower aggression, higher alertness, and greater endurance. We conclude that heterogeneous dynamic adaptations of functional brain networks to changing cognitive demands can be reliably captured as linearly separable patterns by MTPA. Future studies should account for interindividual variation in behavior when investigating context‐dependent dynamic functional connectivity.
Liver Transplantation for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Sapisochin Gonzalo , Ivanics Tommy , Heimbach Julie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents the second‐most common primary liver malignancy after HCC and has risen in incidence globally in the past decades. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) comprises 20% of all CCAs, with the rest being extrahepatic (including perihilar [pCCA] and distal CCA). Though long representing an absolute contraindication for liver transplantation (LT), recent analyses of outcomes of LT for iCCA have suggested that iCCA may be a potentially feasible option for highly selected patients. This has been motivated both by successes noted in outcomes of LT for other malignancies, such as HCC and pCCA, and by several retrospective reviews demonstrating favorable results with LT for a selected group of iCCA patients with small lesions. LT for iCCA is primarily relevant within two clinical scenarios. The first includes patients with very early disease (single tumor, ≤2 cm) with cirrhosis and are not candidates for liver resection (LR). The second scenario is patients with locally advanced iCCA, but where the extent of LR would be too extensive to be feasible. Preliminary single‐center reports have described LT in a selected group of patients with locally advanced tumors who have responded to neoadjuvant therapy and have a period of disease stability. Currently, there are three prospective trials underway that will help clarify the role of LT in iCCA. This review seeks to explore the available studies involving LT for iCCA, the challenges of ongoing trials, and opportunities for the future.
A phase 2 dose‐finding study of lonafarnib and ritonavir with or without interferon alpha for chronic delta hepatitis
Authors: Yurdaydin Cihan , Keskin Onur , Yurdcu Esra , Çalişkan Aysun , Önem Soner , Karakaya Fatih , Kalkan Çağdaş , Karatayli Ersin , Karatayli Senem , Choong Ingrid , Apelian David , Koh Christopher , Heller Theo , Idilman Ramazan , Bozdayi A. Mithat , Glenn Jeffrey S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Proof‐of‐concept studies demonstrated lonafarnib (LNF), a first‐in‐class oral prenylation inhibitor, efficacy in patients infected with HDV. The lonafarnib with ritonavir for HDV‐2 (LOWR‐2) study’s aim was to identify optimal combination regimens of LNF + ritonavir (RTV) ± pegylated interferon alpha (PEG‐IFNα) with efficacy and tolerability for longer‐term dosing. Here we report the safety and efficacy at end of treatment for up to 24 weeks.

Approach and Results
Fifty‐five patients with chronic HDV were consecutively enrolled in an open‐label, single‐center, phase 2 dose‐finding study. There were three main treatment groups: high‐dose LNF (LNF ≥ 75 mg by mouth [po] twice daily [bid] + RTV) (n = 19, 12 weeks); all‐oral low‐dose LNF (LNF 25 or 50 mg po bid + RTV) (n = 24, 24 weeks), and combination low‐dose LNF with PEG‐IFNα (LNF 25 or 50 mg po bid + RTV + PEG‐IFNα) (n = 12, 24 weeks). The primary endpoint, ≥2 log10 decline or < lower limit of quantification of HDV‐RNA from baseline at end of treatment, was reached in 46% (6 of 13) and 89% (8 of 9) of patients receiving the all‐oral regimen of LNF 50 mg bid + RTV, and combination regimens of LNF (25 or 50 mg bid) + RTV + PEG‐IFNα, respectively. In addition, multiple patients experienced well‐tolerated transient posttreatment alanine aminotransferase increases, resulting in HDV‐RNA negativity and alanine aminotransferase normalization. The proportions of grade 2 and 3 gastrointestinal adverse events in the high‐dose versus low‐dose groups were 49% (37 of 76) and only 22% (18 of 81), respectively.

Conclusions
LNF, boosted with low‐dose RTV, is a promising all‐oral therapy, and maximal efficacy is achieved with PEG‐IFNα addition. The identified optimal regimens support a phase 3 study of LNF for the treatment of HDV.
Evaluation of prognostic staging systems of multiple myeloma in the era of novel agents
Authors: Shang Yufeng , Jin Yanxia , Liu Hailing , Ding Lu , Tong Xiqin , Tu Honglei , Zang Longkai , Lin Chenyao , Hu Jinsong , Zhou Fuling 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the existing staging systems for multiple myeloma (MM) in the real world. From January 2010 to June 2019, we retrospectively analyzed 859 newly diagnosed MM patients from two institutions. Clinical data including laboratory findings, imaging examinations and staging system were obtained by reviewing medical records. Survival distributions were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier curve analysis, and Cox proportional hazards model were used to identified risk factors. The overall survival (OS) of eligible patients was 61.0 months. The Revised International Staging System (R‐ISS) had a larger receiver operating characteristic curve area (0.603) than both the International Staging System (0.573) and the Durie Salmon staging system (0.567). In the group receiving immunomodulatory agents‐based regimens, the median OS was 92.0 months in R‐ISS I, 63.0 months in R‐ISS II and 18.0 months in R‐ISS III (p < 0.0001). In the group receiving proteasome inhibitors‐based regimens, the median OS was 102.0 months in R‐ISS I, 63.0 months in R‐ISS II and 22.0 months in R‐ISS III (p < 0.0001). In different subgroups grouped according to age, hemoglobin (HGB), creatinine, and Ca, R‐ISS also had a good stratification effect. Patients in R‐ISS II, which accounted for 69.9% of all patients, were further analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses revealed that age >65 years (p = 0.001), HGB < 100 g/L (p < 0.001), elevated LDH (p = 0.001), and Ca (p = 0.010) were independent predictors of worse prognosis within R‐ISS II. To conclusion, R‐ISS remains a valuable staging system in the real world of the novel drug era. However, patients classified as R‐ISS II still have great heterogeneity.
Immunomodulation of COVID‐19 severity by helminth co‐infection: Implications for COVID‐19 vaccine efficacy
Authors: Akelew Yibeltal , Andualem Henok , Ebrahim Endris , Atnaf Aytenew , Hailemichael Wasihun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), an emerging virus in late 2019 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), has caused a catastrophic effect, resulting in an unprecedented global crisis. The immunopathology of COVID‐19 appears to be clearly associated with a dysregulated immune response leading to organ failure and death. Similarly, over two billion people worldwide are infected with helminth, with those living in low‐middle‐income countries disproportionately affected. Helminth infections have been shown to possess immunomodulatory effects in several conditions. Helminth co‐infection in COVID‐19 patients is one of the potential reasons for global attention to answer why COVID‐19 severity is still lower in helminth endemic countries. Recent studies have shown that helminth endemic countries showed fewer cases and deaths so far and helminth co‐infection might reduce the severity of COVID‐19. Moreover, lessons from other diseases with helminth co‐infection have been shown to substantially reduce vaccine efficacy that could also be implicated for COVID‐19. This immunomodulatory effect of helminth has intended and unintended consequences, both advantageous and disadvantageous which could decrease the severity of COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 vaccine efficacy respectively. Herewith, we discuss the overview of COVID‐19 immune response, immunomodulatory effects of helminth co‐infections in COVID‐19, lessons from other diseases, and perspectives on the efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines.
Neuropilin‐2 regulates airway inflammation in a neutrophilic asthma model
Authors: Immormino Robert M. , Jania Corey M. , Tilley Stephen L. , Moran Timothy P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is a heterogenous disease that can be classified into eosinophilic (type 2‐high) and noneosinophilic (type 2‐low) endotypes. The type 2‐low endotype of asthma can be characterized by the presence of neutrophilic airway inflammation that is poorly responsive to corticosteroids. Dysregulated innate immune responses to microbial products including Toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligands have been associated with the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma. The key molecules that regulate inflammatory responses in individuals with neutrophilic asthma remain unclear. We previously reported that the immunoregulatory receptor neuropilin‐2 (NRP2) is expressed by murine and human alveolar macrophage (AM) and suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced neutrophilic airway inflammation.MethodsHere, we investigated the immunoregulatory role of NRP2 in a mouse model of neutrophilic asthma.ResultsWe found that TLR ligands, but not T helper 2 (Th2)‐promoting adjuvants, induced NRP2 expression by AM. Using an LPS‐mediated model of neutrophilic asthma, we demonstrate that NRP2 was increased in AM and other lung antigen‐presenting cells following airway challenge with antigen. Conditional deletion of NRP2 in myeloid cells exacerbated airway inflammation in a neutrophilic asthma model. In contrast, myeloid‐specific ablation of NRP2 did not affect airway inflammation in a Th2‐mediated eosinophilic asthma model. Myeloid‐specific ablation of NRP2 did not affect Th1/Th17 responses to inhaled antigens or expression of neutrophil chemokines but rather resulted in impaired efferocytosis by AM, which is necessary for effective resolution of airway inflammation.ConclusionOur findings suggest that NRP2 is a negative regulator of airway inflammation associated with neutrophilic asthma.