bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐versus landmark‐guided medium‐sized joint arthrocentesis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gibbons Ryan C. , Zanaboni Allison , Genninger Jessica , Costantino Thomas G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesArthrocentesis is commonly performed in the emergency department, but success rates vary based on location. Presently, there is a paucity of data assessing the utility of ultrasound‐guided (USG) medium‐sized joint arthrocentesis. The objective of this study was to compare the success of USG and landmark‐guided (LMG) medium‐sized joint arthrocentesis.MethodsThis was a single‐center, prospective, randomized clinical trial (NCT03327584) of a convenience sample of adult patients who presented to an urban, university hospital with > 105,000 visits annually. Patients with a suspected medium‐sized joint effusion (defined as elbow, wrist, or ankle) undergoing arthrocentesis were randomized into LMG or USG using the GE Logiq e linear transducer (4–10 MHz). The following patients were excluded: on anticoagulation, with soft tissue infection overlying the joint, or involving an artificial joint. Statistical analysis included the Fisher exact, Mann‐Whitney U‐test, and t‐test.ResultsOverall, 44 patients were enrolled with 23 patients randomized into the LMG group and 21 patients into the USG arm. USG was significantly better than LMG with an overall success of 94.1% versus 60% for LMG (difference = 34.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.90 to 58.83). USG first‐pass success was 82.4% versus 46.7% for LMG (difference = 35.7%, 95% CI = 2.76 to 60.37) and a mean of 1.35 attempts versus 2.00 for LMG (difference = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.005 to 1.296). Of the 14 LMG failures, eight had no effusion present on USG crossover. Four patients in the USG group had no effusion present.ConclusionsUltrasound guidance improved first‐pass and overall successful arthrocentesis of medium‐sized joint effusions.
The Silk Road Spirit: China’s BRI discourse and its pursuit for great power status
Authors: Gloria Enrico V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCurrent interpretations making sense of China's policy rationale for pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) often highlight explanations rooted in the logic of economic statecraft. This article proposes a different perspective by looking at the BRI as part of China's longstanding agenda to construct and present a positive and distinct major power image for itself. This perspective is consistent with the assumptions of Social Identity Theory (SIT), where groups pursue positive identity through the sociocognitive processes of categorization and self‐enhancement. By identifying referential and predication discursive strategies as reflected in official texts, this article finds representations of both categorization and self‐enhancement at work through China's Silk Road Spirit discourse of the BRI. Through this discourse, China seeks to cultivate a positive and distinct identity for itself by distinguishing its in‐group and out‐group and by forwarding positive values in terms of how international relations ought to be conducted.
Working from home and disabled people's employment outcomes
Authors: Hoque Kim , Bacon Nick 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper assesses disabled employees’ likelihood of working from home relative to non‐disabled employees, and the implications of doing so for their experiences of work. Analysing British nationally representative data, the findings suggest that disabled employees are less likely to work from home than non‐disabled employees, given they are disproportionately excluded from the higher‐paying and/or managerial roles in which working from home is more widely available. In addition, organizations in which working from home is more commonplace do not employ a higher proportion of disabled people. The results also confirm disabled employees report poorer experiences of work than non‐disabled employees regarding job control, job‐related mental health, job satisfaction and work–life balance. Although working from home is positively associated with these outcomes (except for work–life balance) for both disabled and non‐disabled employees, there is very little evidence it is associated with smaller disability gaps in these outcomes. Therefore, our analysis questions the potential for working from home to reduce disability disadvantage within organizations, and highlights the need for more substantial action to address the barriers to employment that disabled people encounter.
FGF21 promotes migration and differentiation of epidermal cells during wound healing via SIRT1‐dependent autophagy
Authors: Chen Xixi , Tong Gaozan , Fan Junfu , Shen Yingjie , Wang Nan , Gong Wenjie , Hu Zijing , Zhu Kunxuan , Li Xiaokun , Jin Litai , Cong Weitao , Xiao Jian , Zhu Zhongxin 
Published: October 2021

Background and PurposeMigration and differentiation of epidermal cells are essential for epidermal regeneration during wound healing. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays key roles in mediating a variety of biological activities. However, its role in skin wound healing remains unknown.Experimental ApproachFgf21 knockout (Fgf21 KO) mice were used to determine the effect of FGF21 on wound healing. The source of FGF21 and its target cells were determined by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and ELISA assay. Moreover, Sirt1flox/flox and Atg7flox/flox mice were constructed and injected with the epidermal‐specific Cre virus to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Migration and differentiation of keratinocytes were evaluated in vitro by cell scratch assays, immunofluorescence, and qRT‐RCR. The effects were further assessed when SIRT1, ATG7, ATG5, BECN1, and P53 were silenced. Interactions between SIRT1 and autophagy‐related genes were assessed using immunoprecipitation assays.Key ResultsFGF21 was active in fibroblasts and promoted migration and differentiation of keratinocytes following injury. After wounding, SIRT1 expression and autophagosome synthesis were lower in Fgf21 KO mice. Depletion of ATG7 in keratinocytes counteracted the FGF21‐induced increases in migration and differentiation, suggesting that autophagy is required for the FGF21‐mediated pro‐healing effects. Furthermore, epithelial‐specific Sirt1 knockout abolished the FGF21‐mediated improvements of autophagy and wound healing. Silencing of SIRT1 in keratinocytes, which decreased deacetylation of p53 and autophagy‐related proteins, revealed that FGF21‐induced autophagy during wound healing was SIRT1‐dependent.Conclusions and implicationsFGF21 is a key regulator of keratinocyte migration and differentiation during wound healing. FGF21 may be a novel therapeutic target to accelerate would healing.
Clinical examination for hyperlinear palms to determine filaggrin genotype: A diagnostic test accuracy study
Authors: Bradshaw Lucy E. , Haines Rachel H. , Thomas Kim S. , Chalmers Joanne R. , Irvine Alan D. , Williams Hywel C. , Brown Sara J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPalmar hyperlinearity is a feature of ichthyosis vulgaris, the monogenic skin disorder caused by FLG loss‐of‐function mutations.ObjectiveTo investigate how well the presence or absence of hyperlinear palms (HLP) detect FLG genotype in children.MethodsSTARD criteria are used to report this diagnostic accuracy study. Phenotype and genotype data (four most prevalent FLG null mutations) were obtained from a total of 3656 children in three studies: the UK CLOTHES trial (children 1–5 years with moderate–severe atopic eczema); UK BEEP trial (2 year olds at high risk of developing atopic eczema); UK‐Irish eczema case collection (0–16 year olds with atopic eczema). All participants included in analyses of HLP as the index test and FLG genotype as the reference were of white European ancestry.ResultsThirty‐two percent of participants (1159/3656) had FLG null mutation(s) and 37% (1347/3656) had HLP. In 13% (464/3656), HLP was recorded as ‘unsure’ or not recorded. The sensitivity and specificity of HLP for detecting FLG mutations in each of the studies was: 67% (95% CI 55–78%) and 75% (67–82%) in CLOTHES; 46% (36–55%) and 89% (86–91%) in BEEP; 72% (68–75%) and 60% (57–62%) in the UK‐Irish case collection. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were: 2.73 (1.95–3.81) and 0.44 (0.31–0.62) in CLOTHES; 4.02 (2.99–5.40) and 0.61 (0.52–0.73) in BEEP; 1.79 (1.66–1.93) and 0.47 (0.42–0.53) in the UK‐Irish collection.DiscussionTrained observers were able to define palmar hyperlinearity in the majority (3191/3656, 87%) of cases. The presence of HLP is not a reliable sign to detect FLG mutations, but the absence of HLP excludes FLG null genotype with a reasonable degree of certainty.
Breaking the silence on special needs children in foster care: The diversity of children in foster care, carers and processes
Authors: Fuentes‐Peláez Nuria , Montserrat Carme , Sitjes‐Figueras Rosa , Crous Gemma 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aims to advance the understanding of children with special needs in foster care by identifying the characteristics, processes, and outcomes of their placement. The study uses a quantitative approach to identify 190 children with special needs (registered) from among 2,157 foster children in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, Spain and examines key data covering 2008 to 2018. The results show that children with special needs are overrepresented in placements with single‐parent foster carers (mainly women), raising questions about the extent to which the care system takes the complexity of special needs into account.
The Role of Emotional Content and Perceptual Saliency During the Programming of Saccades Toward Faces
Authors: Entzmann Léa , Guyader Nathalie , Kauffmann Louise , Lenouvel Juliette , Charles Clémence , Peyrin Carole , Vuillaume Roman , Mermillod Martial 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the human visual system can detect a face and elicit a saccadic eye movement toward it very efficiently compared to other categories of visual stimuli. In the first experiment, we tested the influence of facial expressions on fast face detection using a saccadic choice task. Face‐vehicle pairs were simultaneously presented and participants were asked to saccade toward the target (the face or the vehicle). We observed that saccades toward faces were initiated faster, and more often in the correct direction, than saccades toward vehicles, regardless of the facial expressions (happy, fearful, or neutral). We also observed that saccade endpoints on face images were lower when the face was happy and higher when it was neutral. In the second experiment, we explicitly tested the detection of facial expressions. We used a saccadic choice task with emotional‐neutral pairs of faces and participants were asked to saccade toward the emotional (happy or fearful) or the neutral face. Participants were faster when they were asked to saccade toward the emotional face. They also made fewer errors, especially when the emotional face was happy. Using computational modeling, we showed that this happy face advantage can, at least partly, be explained by perceptual factors. Also, saccade endpoints were lower when the target was happy than when it was fearful. Overall, we suggest that there is no automatic prioritization of emotional faces, at least for saccades with short latencies, but that salient local face features can automatically attract attention.
TRPV1 mediates itch‐associated scratching and skin barrier dysfunction in DNFB‐induced atopic dermatitis mice
Authors: Tang Liu , Gao Jiefang , Cao Xiaoqin , Chen Lu , Wang Huiling , Ding Hong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn chronic pruritic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), pruritus and skin lesions are exacerbated by scratching in clinical and experimental settings. TRPV1 is known to mediate itch and neurogenic inflammation, but the role of TRPV1 in itch‐associated scratching in AD is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the efficacy of cutting off nails and TRPV1 antagonist, ruthenium red (RR) in a murine model of AD induced by DNFB and further investigated the underlying mechanism. Nail clipping or RR could markedly ameliorate the general AD‐like symptoms as manifested by the reduced clinical severity of dermatitis, IgE and Th2‐related cytokine levels, and mast cell degranulation. Moreover, scratching behaviour, the levels of pruritogenic mediators, including HIS, TSLP, IL‐31 and SP, and skin pH and TEWL were all significantly decreased in nail clipping or RR‐treated mice, suggesting a reduction in itch‐associated scratching and skin barrier defects. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot results revealed that antipruritic effect of nail clipping or RR in AD may be explained, at least in part, by the suppression of TRPV1 activation. In summary, these data show that TRPV1 mediates itch‐associated scratching and subsequent skin barrier defects, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target in AD.
Artificial Sweeteners Identify Spatial Patterns of Historic Landfill Contaminated Groundwater Discharge in an Urban Stream
Authors: Propp Victoria R. , Brown Susan J. , Collins Pamela , Smith James E. , Roy James W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLeachate‐contaminated groundwater from historical municipal landfills, typically lacking engineered liners and leachate collection systems, poses a threat to nearby urban streams, particularly to benthic ecosystems. Effective monitoring and assessment of such sites requires understanding of the spatial patterns (i.e., two‐dimensional footprint) of contaminated groundwater discharge and associated controlling factors. However, discharges from groundwater contaminated by modern wastewater can complicate site assessments. The objectives of this study were to (1) demonstrate the use of artificial sweeteners (AS): saccharin (SAC), cyclamate (CYC), acesulfame (ACE), and sucralose (SUC), to distinguish groundwater discharge areas influenced by historic landfill leachate (elevated SAC and sometimes CYC; low ACE and SUC concentrations) from those influenced by wastewater (high ACE and SUC concentrations), and (2) investigate contaminant discharge patterns for two gaining urban stream reaches adjacent historic landfills at base flows. Contaminant discharge patterns revealed by the AS were strongly controlled by hyporheic flow (low AS concentrations), particularly for the straight reach, and stream sinuosity, particularly for the meandering reach. These patterns were different and the contaminant footprint coverage (<25% of streambed area) much less than most past studies (typically >50% coverage), likely due to the homogeneous streambed‐aquifer conditions and shallow, narrow landfill plume in this setting.
Lymphoepithelioma‐like neoplasm of the biliary tract with ‘probable low malignant potential’
Authors: Khandakar Binny , Liu Jun‐Ru , Thung Swan , Li Ying , Rhee Hyungjin , Kagen Alexander C , Sun‐Wing Tong Tommy , Nyun Park Young , Theise Neil , Ng Irene Oi‐Lin 
Published: October 2021

AimsLymphoepithelioma‐like carcinomas (LELCs) are uncommon epithelial cancers characteristically showing two distinct components consisting of malignant epithelial cells and prominent dense lymphoid infiltrate. Hepatic LELCs consist of two types, the lymphoepithelioma‐like hepatocellular carcinoma and lymphoepithelioma‐like cholangiocarcinoma (LEL‐CCA), with the latter being strongly associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV).Methods and resultsWe present a series of three cases of intrahepatic biliary EBV‐associated LEL tumours in which the biliary epithelial component showed a distinctly benign appearance, instead of the usual malignant epithelial features of a typical CCA or EBV‐associated LEL‐CCA. In the lesions, the biliary epithelium showed interconnecting glands or cords of cells. All had a very low proliferation (Ki‐67) index. Immunohistochemistry for IDH1 and TP53 performed on two cases was negative and molecular tests for EGFR and KRAS gene mutations performed on one were negative. Prognosis was very good in all three cases, with patients alive with no evidence of disease 24–62 months after surgery. Intriguingly, all three cases had co‐infection of HBV and EBV. These cases are also discussed in the context of the 63 cases of LEL‐CCA available in the literature, with a focus on epidemiology, clinicopathological features and potential research interests.ConclusionsBased on the distinct clinicopathological features and unique survival benefits, we believe these tumours represent the benign end of the spectrum of EBV‐associated lymphoepithelial biliary carcinomas. Whether these tumours require a revision of the current nomenclature to ‘lymphoepithelioma‐like neoplasm of the biliary tract with probable low malignant potential’ will require more detailed analysis with larger case‐series.
The implementation of a professional practice model to improve the nurse work environment in a Dutch hospital: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Bloemhof Janet , Knol Jeannette , Van Rijn Marjon , Buurman Bianca M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effects of the implementation of a professional practice model based on Magnet principles on the nurse work environment in a Dutch teaching hospital.DesignA quasi‐experimental study.MethodsData were collected from registered nurses working on the clinical wards and outpatient clinics of the hospital in June/July 2016 (baseline) and in June/September 2019 (measurement of effects). Participants completed the Dutch Essentials of Magnetism II survey, which was used to measure their perception of their work environment. After baseline measurements were collected, interventions based on a professional practice model incorporating Magnet principles were implemented to improve the nurse work environment. Descriptive statistics and independent t‐tests were conducted to examine differences between survey outcomes in 2016 and 2019.ResultsSurvey outcomes revealed significant changes in the nurse work environment between 2016 and 2019. Seven of the eight subscales (essentials of magnetism) improved significantly. Score for overall job satisfaction increased from 7.3 to 8.0 and score for quality of care increased from 7.0 to 7.6. On unit level, 17 of the 19 units showed improvement in the nurse work environment.ConclusionThe implementation of a professional practice model positively affects the nurse work environment, job satisfaction and quality of care.ImpactNowadays, the quality of care is threatened by workload pressure and the low autonomy experienced by nurses. Considering the global shortage of nurses and growing complexity of healthcare, it is important to invest in improving the nurse work environment. The Magnet concept created a work environment in which nurses can deliver optimal quality of care. Knowledge of how Magnet principles affect the nurse work environment in the Netherlands is missing. These study results, including the description of how the interventions were implemented, will assist other hospitals to develop improvement strategies by focusing on the nurse work environment.
Plant height and lifespan predict range size in southern African grasses
Authors: Mashau Aluoneswi C. , Hempson Gareth P. , Lehmann Caroline E. R. , Vorontsova Maria S. , Visser Vernon , Archibald Sally 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo understand the geographical distribution of grasses in sub‐Saharan Africa with reference to key plant traits thought to affect range size in this family (Poaceae). Specifically, to test hypotheses on the importance of plant height and lifespan in determining range size and invasion potential in the context of their evolutionary history.LocationSub‐Saharan Africa.TaxonPoaceae.MethodsThe range sizes of 757 grass species native to southern Africa were estimated for the sub‐Saharan African region from geo‐referenced herbarium records using the alpha hull function. Phylogenetic generalised least squares models and linear mixed effects models were fitted to test whether grass range size was related to plant height and lifespan. Tribe‐level relationships between range size and plant height were assessed with linear models. For species introduced to other continents, generalised linear mixed effects models were fitted to test whether invasiveness was related to native range size, plant height and lifespan. Differences in native range size among species in four invasion‐related categories were assessed with linear mixed effects models.ResultsGrass range sizes are larger for taller species and for species with shorter lifespans. The relationship between plant height and range size varies widely among tribes, with some range‐restricted tribes having a non‐significant effect on plant height. Grasses with larger native range sizes and shorter lifespans are more likely to become invasive after being introduced to other continents. Grass species introduced to other continents have larger native range sizes than those that have not, and native range size increases along the introduced‐naturalised‐invasive continuum.Main conclusionsThe increased dispersal opportunities of annual‐biannual grasses appear to have a greater positive effect on range size than do the longer generation times of perennial grasses. Grass height has and continues to be an important driver of grass biogeography, with implications for understanding the spread of certain grass tribes over the Miocene. Factors that promote large native range sizes are also likely to increase the probability of a species becoming invasive.
Long‐term continuity of steppe grasslands in eastern Central Europe: Evidence from species distribution patterns and chloroplast haplotypes
Authors: Willner Wolfgang , Moser Dietmar , Plenk Kristina , Aćić Svetlana , Demina Olga N. , Höhn Maria , Kuzemko Anna , Roleček Jan , Vassilev Kiril , Vynokurov Denys , Kropf Matthias 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThe steppe grasslands of eastern Central Europe are exceptionally species rich and valuable from a nature conservation point of view. However, their historical biogeography is still poorly understood. Here we use the regional diversity of habitat specialists and chloroplast DNA data to investigate potential long‐term refugia of steppe species in this region.LocationPannonian Basin and adjacent regions; SW Russia.TaxonVascular plants.MethodsAfter identifying habitat specialists of the three main steppe types (meadow steppes, grass steppes and rocky steppes), we compiled their regional presence–absence in grid cells of 75 km × 75 km. We analysed the dependency of habitat specialist diversity to climate, topographic heterogeneity and geographical distance to potential refugia. For genetic analysis, we sampled three or four habitat specialists of each steppe type and used cpDNA markers to investigate intraspecific diversity and geographical distribution of haplotypes. We also tested for correspondence between the number of habitat specialists and haplotype diversity.ResultsClimate and topography explained between 40% and 63% of the variance in habitat specialist diversity. Adding geographical distance to potential refugia increased the explained variance in the models for all steppe types. Chloroplast haplotypes featured a complex pattern across the study area. Several species showed a strong geographical differentiation, suggesting migration waves from multiple refugia with only limited subsequent genetic intermixture. Maximum haplotype diversity in a region showed a better correlation with the number of habitat specialists per steppe type than mean haplotype diversity.Main conclusionsWe can clearly reject the scenario of a late‐Holocene immigration of steppe species from areas outside the Pannonian Basin. Most species must have been present in the region since at least the early Holocene, highlighting the importance of the lower mountain ranges surrounding the Pannonian Basin as long‐term refugia for European steppe species. Dispersal limitation and resulting migration lags seem to have a strong influence on the distribution of steppe species in Central Europe.