bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rotavirus Surveillance System in Yemen: Evaluation Study
Authors: Lardi Eman Abdullah , Al Kuhlani Sharaf Sharaf , Al Amad Mohammed Abdullah , Al Serouri Abdulwahed Abduljabar , Khader Yousef Saleh 
Published: April 2021

Background
Rotavirus (RV) kills over 185,000 children <5 years every year and is responsible for over one-third of all child diarrheal deaths worldwide. The Rotavirus Surveillance System (RVSS) in Yemen was launched in 2007 at five sentinel sites to monitor the impact of the vaccine on RV morbidity and mortality.

Objective
This study aimed to determine the usefulness of the RVSS, assess its performance, and identify the strengths and weaknesses of its implementation.

Methods
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s updated guidelines on evaluating a public health surveillance system were used to evaluate the RVSS. In this assessment, qualitative indicators, such as usefulness, flexibility, stability, simplicity, and acceptability, were assessed through in-depth interviews with stakeholders at the central level and semistructured questionnaires with the sentinel site coordinators. The indicators for quantitative attributes—sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), completeness, and timeliness—were assessed by reviewing the results of laboratory samples and a random sample of case report forms. The scores for the indicators were expressed as poor (<60%), average (60% to <80%), and good (≥80%).

Results
The overall usefulness score of the RVSS was 73%, indicating an average rank. The RVSS was rated as having good flexibility (91%) and stability (81%), and average simplicity (77%) and acceptability (76%). In terms of quantitative attributes, the system was poor for sensitivity (16%), average for PPV (73%), and good for completeness (100%) and timeliness (100%).

Conclusions
Although the system attributes were flexible, stable, capable of providing quality data, and performing timely data reporting, some attributes still needed improvements (eg, usefulness, simplicity, acceptability, and PPV). There is a need for a gradual replacement of donor funds with government funds to ensure sustainability. The RVSS in Yemen strongly requires a progressive increase in the number of sites in governorates and sensitivity enhancement.
Multi-Objective Optimization Model of Multi-Pass Turning Operations to Minimize Energy, Carbon Emissions, and Production Costs
Authors: Dityarini Aprilia , Pujiyanto Eko , Suletra I Wayan 
Published: April 2021

Sustainable manufacturing aspects are environmental, economic, and social. These aspects can be applied to an optimization model in the machining process. An optimization model is needed to determine the optimum cutting parameters. This research develops a multi-objective optimization model that can optimize cutting parameters on a multi-pass turning. Decision variables are cutting parameters multi-pass turning. This research has three objective functions for minimizing energy, carbon emissions, and costs. Three functions are searched for optimal values using the GEKKO. A numerical example is given to show the implementation of the model and solved using GEKKO and Interior Point Optimizer (IPOPT). The results of optimization indicate that the model can be used to optimize the cutting parameters.
Nilai Religiositas Pupuh Kasmaran dalam Lontar Yusuf dan Relevansinya dengan Kehidupan di Era Disruptif
Authors: Rakhmi Martina Puspita 
Published: April 2021

Keberadaan sastra daerah memiliki beragam fungsi. Salah satunya sebagai penyebar ajaran agama. Banyuwangi merupakan salah satu daerah yang memanfaatkan sastra daerah sebagai penyebaran ajaran agama Islam, melalui Lontar Yusup Banyuwangi. Dalam Lontar Yusup Banyuwangi, nilai religiositas adalah yang paling dominan. Untuk itu, dalam penelitian ini dikaji nilai-nilai religiositas dengan memfokuskan pengkajian pada Pupuh Kasmaran. Selain itu juga dibahas relevansi nilai religiositas dengan kehidupan di era disruptif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi dokumen. Data dianalisis dengan metode analisis-deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui terdapat empat nilai religiositas: (1) keimanan terhadap Tuhan, (2) keteringatan manusia terhadap sifat Tuhan, (3) ketaatan manusia terhadap Tuhan dan (4) kepasrahan manusia terhadap Tuhan, serta empat dimensi religiositas: dimensi praktis, dimensi ideologis, dimensi pengetahuan, dan dimensi perasaan. (2) nilai religiositas pada PK sangat relevan dalam kehidupan manusia di era disruptif.
Degree Sum Exponent Distance Energy of Some Graphs
Authors: Gurjar Jeetendra , Jog Sudhir Raghunath 
Published: April 2021

The degree sum exponent distance matrix M(G)of a graph G is a square matrix whose (i,j)-th entry is (di+dj)^ d(ij) whenever i not equal to j, otherwise it is zero, where di is the degree of i-th vertex of G and d(ij)=d(vi,vj) is distance between vi and vj. In this paper, we define degree sum exponent distance energy E(G) as sum of absolute eigenvalues of M(G). Also, we obtain some bounds on the degree sum exponent distance energy of some graphs and deduce direct expressions for some graphs.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PENANGANAN KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL PADA ANAK LAKI-LAKI DI KABUPATEN KARAWANG TAHUN 2017-2019
Authors: Setyani Nindi Nurfahmi , Rifai Maulana , Marsingga Prilla 
Published: April 2021

The level of sexual violence against children is increasing every year, both for girls and for boys. Victims who have experienced sexual violence certainly need serious handling so that other problems do not occur in the future. One of the functions of the government is to provide services to the community and to empower people to participate in government administration. One form of service is by providing an Integrated Service Center for the Empowerment of Women and Children (P2TP2A) in each region. The Integrated Service Center for the Empowerment of Women and Children (P2TP2A) has the task of preventing, completing and recovering victims of acts of violence. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the implementation of the P2TP2A handling program in Karawang Regency has been running optimally or not. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, observation, documentation, and triangulation. The result of this research is that the handling of boys sexual violence victims has not run optimally, this is due to the lack of information delivery and socialization to the public regarding the existence of this program. In addition, the response from the community regarding the need for handling victims of sexual violence against boys in Karawang Regency is still low. Keywords: Implementation, Integrated Service Center for Women and Children Empowerment, Handling Victims of Sexual Violence in Boys, Karawang Regency.
La stato di qualità ambientale dei fiumi: il legame ossigeno-acqua
Authors: Barbati Domenico , Erra Luigi 
Published: April 2021

L’elaborato ha il compito di descrivere come l’ossigeno disciolto nei
corsi d’acqua sia un parametro estremamente rilevante per la
caratterizzazione qualitativa del comparto idrico. Dopo aver fatto una
panoramica dal punto di vista normativo che contraddistingue tale
comparto e aver descritto brevemente le tipologie di analisi che lo
caratterizzano, ci si è focalizzati sulla caratterizzazione qualitativa
dell’acqua. Tale caratterizzazione è stata effettuata descrivendola in
primis dal punto di vista normativo, sia europeo che nazionale e
successivamente individuando un indicatore, l’ossigeno disciolto, per
determinare la qualità. Infine, utilizzando sempre come punto di
riferimento l’ossigeno si è descritto brevemente due modelli utilizzati
per la modellazione qualitativa dei corsi d’acqua: il Modello Streeter
& Phelps e il Modello Qual2k.
Un fenomeno "potenzialmente" pericoloso per la salute pubblica: Le Radiazioni ionizzanti e non
Authors: Gioia Giammarco , Mirra Alessia 
Published: April 2021

Le radiazioni sono un fenomeno di emissione di energia sotto forma di
onde, quest’ultime possono essere: luminose, elettromagnetiche o sonore.
Le onde elettromagnetiche vengono distinte, in funzione della frequenza
e dell’energia,in radiazioni ionizzanti e radiazioni non ionizzanti.
Le radiazioni ionizzanti sono dotate di un’energia sufficiente a
liberare elettroni da atomi, mentre le radiazioni non ionizzanti sono
radiazioni elettromagnetiche che non trasportano sufficiente energia per
ionizzare atomi e producono principalmente effetti termici.
Nel caso studio da noi analizzato evidenziamo un’importante questione da
affrontare: il monitoraggio delle fonti di emissione. Quest’aspetto è
diventato sempre più rilevante poiché siamo costantemente immersi in
campi generati dai dispositivi elettronici.
Lo scopo finale di tale indagine è sia quello di evidenziare eventuali
problemi per la salute dei cittadini sia quello di descrivere il quadro
normativo vigente in materia e le fasi metodologiche per l’analisi di
questo comaparto in fase di redazione di Studio d’Impatto Ambientale.
Operating Cash Flows and Earnings Target Revision: Evidence from Annual Cash Bonus Plans for CEOs
Authors: Li Laura Yue , Wang Shuyang , Zhu Wei 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We empirically examine the impact of operating cash flows on future earnings targets in CEOs' annual cash bonus plans. Using target and actual compensation earnings-per-share disclosed in proxy statements of large U.S. public firms, we find operating cash flows have no significant incremental effects on the revision of future earnings targets in the presence of current earnings. We observe a positive association between future target achievability and current operating cash flows, indicating that firms with higher operating cash flows set significantly easier future earnings targets for CEOs. These findings suggest that the higher persistence of operating cash flows in predicting future earnings is not fully incorporated into target setting. Further analyses reveal that the positive association between future target achievability and current operating cash flows is attributable to both expectation bias and contractual considerations to reward CEOs who deliver greater cash flows and to limit activities that sacrifice cash flows.
Data Availability: Data are publicly available from sources identified in the article.
JEL Classifications: M41; J33.
Why is Corporate Virtue in the Eye of The Beholder? The Case of ESG Ratings
Authors: Christensen Dane M. , Serafeim George , Sikochi Anywhere 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Despite the rising use of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings, there is substantial disagreement across rating agencies regarding what rating to give to individual firms. As what drives this disagreement is unclear, we examine whether a firm's ESG disclosure helps explain some of this disagreement. We predict and find that greater ESG disclosure actually leads to greater ESG rating disagreement. These findings hold using firm fixed effects and using a difference-in-differences design with mandatory ESG disclosure shocks. We also find that raters disagree more about ESG outcome metrics than input metrics (policies), and that disclosure appears to amplify disagreement more for outcomes. Last, we examine consequences of ESG disagreement and find that greater ESG disagreement is associated with higher return volatility, larger absolute price movements, and a lower likelihood of issuing external financing. Overall, our findings highlight that ESG disclosure generally exacerbates ESG rating disagreement rather than resolves it.
Data Availability: The data used in this study are publicly available from the sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: G24; M14; M41; Q56.
The analysis of the sensitivity of vaccination parameters in a tuberculosis transmission model
Authors: Chasanah Siti Laelatul , Ferdias Pandri , Nurvazly D E 
Published: April 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases that caused 1,5 million people died from TB in 2018 (including 251.000 people with HIV). As the preventive strategy for the spread of TB, we can use BCG vaccination. This study aims to investigate and analyze the sensitivity of vaccination parameters (to newborns and adults). This model divided the human population into five classes: susceptible , vaccinated , high-risk and low-risk latent, and infectious . Analysis of the mathematical model was discussed by finding the existence and analyzing the model equilibrium's stability based on the Basic Reproduction Number ( ). Furthermore, we determined the sensitivity analysis of the proportion of vaccine and other parameters that affect the TB transmission model. The numerical experiment shows that vaccination to adults more effective than newborns.
Molecular structure of stress granules and their role in the eukaryotic cell
Authors: Pietras Paulina , Leśniczak Marta , Sowiński Mateusz , Szaflarski Witold 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic structures found in eukaryotic cells, from yeast to human cells. They are made up of proteins, RNA and small ribosome subunits (40S). They arise as a result of the rapid shutdown of active protein biosynthesis in the cell, which is the result of the appearance of a stress factor. The mechanism of regulation of protein biosynthesis in response to stress takes place at two control nodes: (1) phosphorylation of the α subunit of the eIF2 factor as a result of the action of stress-recognizing kinases or by modulation of the mTOR pathway activity, which regulates the initiation of protein biosynthesis by the formation of a complex within the so-called cap structure. The protein arrest causes aggregation of the translation process components and other cell components (other proteins or mRNA molecules) into SGs. A lot of data indicates the active participation of SGs in metabolic processes, their control role over pro- and anti-apoptotic processes as well as in the development of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and their defensive role in viral infections.

Running title: Stress granules in the cell
Pharmacokinetics study of a supersaturatable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for ellagic acid by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS
Authors: Wang Jinglong , Fan Liqun , Zhang Lihua , Zheng Dandan , Wang Yingzi , Sun Xiao , Ji Yonghui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To evaluate the bioavailability of ellagic acid loaded super-saturatable self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS), its pharmacokinetic properties were studied in rats with an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. The plasma samples were treated by solid-phase extraction method, and gallic acid was used as the internal standard when determining the concentration of ellagic acid. Results showed that the established analytical method was sensitive and accurate, which is applicable to the pharmacokinetic study of ellagic acid. The drug was found to be absorbed rapidly in vivo, and the plasma concentration-time curve showed double peaks, indicating that ellagic acid were reabsorbed by entero-hepatic circulation after oral administration. Compared with ellagic acid suspension, the apparent clearance of ellagic acid-loaded S-SMEDDS and SMEDDS reduced significantly, and the AUC
0~t of them were 4.7 and 5.8-fold increase, respectively. Therefore, the bioavailability of ellagic acid-loaded S-SMEDDS was higher than that of the suspension and SMEDDS.
Recent advancements to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of antiepileptic drugs
Authors: Li Fuquan , Singh Akhilesh Vikram 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological disorder characterized by recurrent or unprovoked seizures. Over the past two decades, many new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were developed and are in use for the treatment of epilepsy. However, drug resistance, drug-drug interaction and adverse events are common problems associated with AEDs. Antiepileptic drugs must be used only if the ratio of efficacy, safety, and tolerability of treatment are favorable and outweigh the disadvantages including treatment costs. The application of novel drug delivery techniques could enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of AEDs. These novel techniques aim to deliver an optimal concentration of the drug more specifically to the seizure focus or foci in the CNS without numerous side-effects. The purpose of this article is to review the recent advancements in antiepileptic treatment and summarize the novel modalities in the route of administration and drug delivery, including gene therapy, for effective treatment of epilepsy.
Pinocembrin flavanone inhibits cell viability in PC-3 human prostate cancer by inducing cellular apoptosis, ROS production and cell cycle arrest
Authors: Shao Linhai , Shao Yajun , Yuan Yu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antitumor effects of pinocembrin in human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) along with investigating its effects on cell apoptosis, endogenous ROS production and cell cycle. MTT assay and clonogenic assays were used to study the effects on cell viability and cancer colony formation, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy along with Western blotting was used to study apoptotic effects induced by pinocembrin. Flow cytometry was used to study effects on ROS production and cell cycle phase distribution. Results indicated that pinocembrin promoted inhibition cell proliferation along with reducing cancer colony formation of PC-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Pinocembrin induced regulatory effects over expressions of caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax and Bcl-2, thereby promoting apoptotic cell death in PC-3 cells. It also led to the dose-dependent G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, pinocembrin exhibits strong anticancer effects in human prostate cancer cells mediated via apoptosis, endogenous ROS production and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.
Effect of Trapezoidal Shapes on the Thermal Buckling Behaviour of Perforated Composite Plates
Authors: Maharudra R. , Rajanna T. , Arya B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Thermal buckling study on the symmetric laminated composite trapezoidal plate with a circular cutout subjected to a uniform increase in temperature for various boundary conditions is explored in this paper. In a mathematical model, the first-order shear deformation principle is employed in accordance with the variational energy system. For acquiring the thermal buckling temperature, a nine-node heterosis plate relation has been used in the finite element formulation. By correlating the present findings with accessible literature, the effectiveness of the present formulation is verified. The impact of different parameters, such as trapezoidal shape, cutout size, ply-orientation, plate edge conditions and plate width to thickness ratio have been considered to study the effect of each parameters on the buckling characteristics of plate under various temperatures. It is observed from the study that each parametric investigation significantly affect the thermal buckling behaviour of trapezoidal plates.
Dipters from the sub-basin of Boumerzoug (Constantine - Algeria)
Authors: Naima Bekhouche , Faiza Marniche , Abdallah Ouldjaoui , Hichem Khammar , Noureddine Gherraf , Ferroudja Mohand Ouali , Lydia Mihoubi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to evaluate the Diptera biodiversity in the Boumerzoug sub-basin, samples were performed at five permanent oueds: El Berda Oued, Boumerzoug Oued, El Guareh Oued, Hmimime Oued, and Sigus Oued. Sampling was carried out monthly during the period from December 2014 to November 2015. The samples were taken using a Surber mesh for the lotic face with size 25 cm * 20 cm * 65 cm, 500 µm net. In total, 53484 individuals comprising 24 families were collected. The Chironomidae family is the most dominant with a population of 43553 individuals (Fc % = 81.43%), followed by the Simuliidae (5137 individuals, Fc % = 9.61%), Psychodidae (1907 individuals, Fc % = 3.57%), Ephydridae (1509 individuals (Fc % = 2.81%) and Sciaridae (313 individuals, Fc % = 0.59%). However the remained families (Culicidae, Asilliidae, Mycetophilidae, Tipulidae, Syrphidae, Tabanidae, Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Ceratopogonidae, Fanniidae, Cecidomyiidae, Anthomyiidae, Sphaeroceidae, Sciomyzidae, Stratiomyidae, and Phoridae) weree poorly represented (between 1 individual (Fc % <0.00%) to 281 individuals (Fc % = 0.53%) were collected with predominance. Finally, compared to the other families, the predominance of the Chironomidae family can be explained by the fact that this family plays an important ecological role in wetlands rich in organic matter, even clearly polluted.
Contribution of ecological restoration in preservation of forests ecosystems in Algeria
Authors: Bouzid Aman , Benabdeli Khéloufi , Belgharbi Benamar , Bouzid Khadidja 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Under the combined effect of anthropogenic pressures and climate change, forest ecosystems can no longer play their ecological and economic role if nothing is done to adapt them. The impacts of fires, overgrazing and overexploitation are that over 60% of forest ecosystems are in an advanced stage of degradation. It is in this context that a new strategy focused on ecological restoration must be quickly put in place. It must be based on ecological alternatives designed to adapt the composition and structure of these plant formations to environmental conditions. The concept of stable species, living space, keystone species, natural attributes and habitat identification. The ecological restoration proposed will allow preserving the vegetal cover at first time and then developing the species with resilience through a list of species that could develop under different pressures, both natural and anthropogenic.
Synthesis, characterization, synergistic antimicrobial properties and molecular docking of sugar modified uridine derivatives
Authors: Maowa Jannatul , Alam Asraful , Rana Kazi M. , Dey Sujan , Hosen Anowar , Fujii Yuki , Hasan Imtiaj , Ozeki Yasuhiro , Kawsar Sarkar M.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nucleosides and their analogues are an important, well-established class of clinically useful medicinal agents that exhibit antiviral and anticancer activity. Thus, our research group has focused on the synthesis of new nucleoside derivatives that could be tested for their broad-spectrum biological activity. In this study, two new series of nucleoside derivatives were synthesized from uridine (1) through facile two-step reactions using the direct acylation method, affording 5’-O-acyl uridine derivatives in good yields. The isolated uridine analogs were further transformed into two series of 2’,3’-di-O-acyl derivatives bearing a wide variety of functionalities in a single molecular framework to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. The new synthesized compounds were characterized through physicochemical, elemental and spectroscopic analysis, and all were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against selected human and plant pathogenic strains. The test compounds revealed moderate to good antibacterial and antifungal activities and were more effective against fungal phytopathogens than against bacterial strains, while many of them exhibited better antimicrobial activity than standard antibiotics. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests against all microorganisms were also conducted for five compounds based on their activity (6, 11, 13, 16, and 17). In addition, all the derivatives were optimized using density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-31g+(d,p) calculations to elucidate their thermal and molecular orbital properties. A molecular docking study was performed using the human protein 5WS1 to predict their binding affinity and modes, and ADMET and SwissADME calculations confirmed the improved pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds. Besides, structure–activity relationship (SAR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were also performed. Thus, the improvement of the bioactivity of these compounds is expected to significantly contribute to the design of more antimicrobial agents for therapeutic use in the future.