bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling observable dependence in SCETI and SCETII anomalous dimensions: angularities at two loops
Authors: Bauer Christian W. , Manohar Aneesh V. , Monni Pier Francesco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe resummation of radiative corrections to collider jet observables using soft collinear effective theory is encoded in differential renormalization group equations (RGEs), with anomalous dimensions depending on the observable under consideration. This observable dependence arises from the ultraviolet (UV) singular structure of real phase space integrals in the effective field theory. We show that the observable dependence of anomalous dimensions in SCETIproblems can be disentangled by introducing a suitable UV regulator in real radiation integrals. Resummation in the presence of the new regulator can be performed by solving a two-dimensional system of RGEs in the collinear and soft sectors, and resembles many features of resummation in SCETIItheories by means of the rapidity renormalization group. We study the properties of SCETIwith the additional regulator and explore the connection with the system of RGEs in SCETIItheories, highlighting some universal patterns that can be exploited in perturbative calculations. As an application, we compute the two-loop soft and jet anomalous dimensions for a family of recoil-free angularities and give new analytic results. This allows us to study the relations between the SCETIand SCETIIlimits for these observables. We also discuss how the extra UV regulator can be exploited to calculate anomalous dimensions numerically, and the prospects for numerical resummation.
Alternating optimization of design and stress for stress-constrained topology optimization
Authors: Zhai Xiaoya , Chen Falai , Wu Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHandling stress constraints is an important topic in topology optimization. In this paper, we introduce an interpretation of stresses as optimization variables, leading to an augmented Lagrangian formulation. This formulation takes two sets of optimization variables, i.e., an auxiliary stress variable per element, in addition to a density variable as in conventional density-based approaches. The auxiliary stress is related to the actual stress (i.e., computed by its definition) by an equality constraint. When the equality constraint is strictly satisfied, an upper bound imposed on the auxiliary stress design variable equivalently applies to the actual stress. The equality constraint is incorporated into the objective function as linear and quadratic terms using an augmented Lagrangian form. We further show that this formulation is separable regarding its two sets of variables. This gives rise to an efficient augmented Lagrangian solver known as the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). In each iteration, the density variables, auxiliary stress variables, and Lagrange multipliers are alternatingly updated. The introduction of auxiliary stress variables enlarges the search space. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed formulation and solution strategy using simple truss examples and a dozen of continuum structure optimization settings.
Hybrid dynamic logic institutions for event/data-based systems
Authors: Hennicker Rolf , Knapp Alexander , Madeira Alexandre 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We propose

ε
↓

(

D
→

)

-logic as a formal foundation for the specification and
development of event-based systems with data states. The framework is presented
as an institution in the sense of Goguen and Burstall and the logic itself is
parametrised by an underlying institution

D
→

whose structures are used to
model data states.

ε
↓

(

D
→

)

-logic is intended to cover a broad range of
abstraction levels from abstract requirements specifications up to constructive
specifications. It uses modal diamond and box operators over complex actions
adopted from dynamic logic. Atomic actions are pairs [inline-graphic not available: see fulltext] where
e
is an event and

ψ

a state transition predicate capturing the allowed
reactions to the event. To write concrete specifications of recursive process
structures we integrate (control) state variables and binders of hybrid logic.
The semantic interpretation relies on event/data transition systems. For the
presentation of constructive specifications we propose operational event/data
specifications allowing for familiar, diagrammatic representations by state
transition graphs. We show that

ε
↓

(

D
→

)

-logic is powerful enough to
characterise the semantics of an operational specification by a single

ε
↓

(

D
→

)

-sentence. Thus the whole (formal) development process for
event/data-based systems relies on

ε
↓

(

D
→

)

-logic and its semantics as a common
basis. It is supported by a variety of implementation constructors which can
express, among others, event refinement and parallel composition. Due to the
genericity of the approach, it is also possible to change a data state
institution during system development when needed. All steps of our formal
treatment are illustrated by a running example.
Analysing an autonomous tramway positioning system with the
Uppaal
Statistical Model Checker
Authors: Basile Davide , Fantechi Alessandro , Rucher Luigi , Mandò Gianluca 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The substitution of traditional occupancy detecting sensors with an
Autonomous Positioning System (APS) is a promising solution to
contain costs and improve performance of current tramway signalling
systems. APS is an onboard system using satellite positioning and
other inertial platforms to autonomously estimate the position of
the tram with the needed levels of uncertainty and protection.
However, autonomous positioning introduces, even in absence of
faults, a quantitative uncertainty with respect to traditional
sensors. This paper investigates this issue in the context of an
industrial project: a model of the envisaged solution is proposed,
and it is analysed using
Uppaal
Statistical Model Checker.
A novel model-driven hazard analysis approach to the exploration of
emerging hazards is proposed. The analysis emphasises how the
virtualisation of legacy track circuits and on-board satellite
positioning equipment may give rise to new hazards, not present in
the traditional system.
One view or two views for wide-angle tomosynthesis with synthetic mammography in the assessment setting?
Authors: Clauser Paola , Baltzer Pascal A. T. , Kapetas Panagiotis , Woitek Ramona , Weber Michael , Leone Federica , Bernathova Maria , Helbich Thomas H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the diagnostic performance in the assessment setting of three protocols: one-view wide-angle digital breast tomosynthesis (WA-DBT) with synthetic mammography (SM), two-view WA-DBT/SM, and two-view digital mammography (DM).

Methods
Included in this retrospective study were patients who underwent bilateral two-view DM and WA-DBT. SM were reconstructed from the WA-DBT data. The standard of reference was histology and/or 2 years follow-up. Included were 205 women with 179 lesions (89 malignant, 90 benign). Four blinded readers randomly evaluated images to assess density, lesion type, and level of suspicion according to BI-RADS. Three protocols were evaluated: two-view DM, one-view (mediolateral oblique) WA-DBT/SM, and two-view WA-DBT/SM. Detection rate, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated and compared using multivariate analysis. Reading time was assessed.

Results
The detection rate was higher with two-view WA-DBT/SM (p = 0.063). Sensitivity was higher for two-view WA-DBT/SM compared to two-view DM (p = 0.001) and one-view WA-DBT/SM (p = 0.058). No significant differences in specificity were found. Accuracy was higher with both one-view WA-DBT/SM and two-view WA-DBT/SM compared to DM (p = 0.003 and > 0.001, respectively). Accuracy did not differ between one- and two-view WA-DBT/SM. Two-view WA-DBT/SM performed better for masses and asymmetries. Reading times were significantly longer when WA-DBT was evaluated.

Conclusions
One-view and two-view WA-DBT/SM can achieve a higher diagnostic performance compared to two-view DM. The detection rate and sensitivity were highest with two-view WA-DBT/SM. Two-view WA-DBT/SM appears to be the most appropriate tool for the assessment of breast lesions.

Key Points
• Detection rate with two-view wide-angle digital breast tomosynthesis (WA-DBT) is significantly higher than with two-view digital mammography in the assessment setting.
• Diagnostic accuracy of one-view and two-view WA-DBT with synthetic mammography (SM) in the assessment setting is higher than that of two-view digital mammography.
• Compared to one-view WA-DBT with SM, two-view WA-DBT with SM seems to be the most appropriate tool for the assessment of breast lesions.
Investigation of the steady and unsteady forces acting on a pair of circular cylinders in crossflow up to ultra-high Reynolds numbers
Authors: Schewe Günter , van Hinsberg Nils Paul , Jacobs Markus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMeasurements of the steady and unsteady forces acting on a pair of circular cylinders in crossflow are performed from subcritical up to ultra-high Reynolds numbers. The two cylinders with equal diameters d are arranged inline at two centre-to-centre distances: S/d = 2.8 and 4. The trend of the drag curve for the upstream cylinder $$Cd_{1}$$

C

d
1

(Re) at both distances is similar to that for a single circular cylinder. The development of the drag curves $$Cd_{2}$$

C

d
2

(Re, S/d = 2.8, 4) of the downstream cylinder is inverse to that of the upstream cylinder. For both cylinder spacing values, the drag on the downstream cylinder is negative for subcritical Reynolds numbers, increases abruptly to positive values at the beginning of the supercritical regime, and shows a significant dip at transcritical Reynolds numbers. This drag inversion indicates that the critical distance Sc decreases sharply in the supercritical Reynolds number range. For S/d = 2.8 at Re$$\rightarrow$$
→
10$$^{7}$$

7

, the downstream cylinder experiences once more a thrust force. The curve of the Strouhal number St(Re) of the downstream cylinder for S/d = 4 is very close to that of a single cylinder. For Reynolds numbers of Re$$\approx$$
≈
1$$\times$$
×
10$$^{6}$$

6

- 7$$\times$$
×
10$$^{6}$$

6

, the Strouhal numbers have nearly equal values of St$$\approx$$
≈
0.22 - 0.24 for both distances. This is followed by a branching. For Re$$\rightarrow$$
→
10$$^{7}$$

7

and the case S/d = 2.8, the Strouhal numbers dip at St = 0.17. However, for S/d = 4, they increase up to St = 0.27. In the supercritical range, two peaks occur in the power spectra for the large distance S/d = 4. Based on a wavelet analysis, we can conclude that the low-frequency mode, which does not occur for a single cylinder, is an interference effect.
Graphic abstract
Spindle cell lesions of the breast: a diagnostic approach
Authors: Rakha Emad A. , Brogi Edi , Castellano Isabella , Quinn Cecily 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpindle cell lesions of the breast comprise a heterogeneous group of lesions, ranging from reactive and benign processes to aggressive malignant tumours. Despite their rarity, they attract the attention of breast pathologists due to their overlapping morphological features and diagnostic challenges, particularly on core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens. Pathologists should recognise the wide range of differential diagnoses and be familiar with the diverse morphological appearances of these lesions to make an accurate diagnosis and to suggest proper management of the patients. Clinical history, immunohistochemistry, and molecular assays are helpful in making a correct diagnosis in morphologically challenging cases. In this review, we present our approach for the diagnosis of breast spindle cell lesions, highlighting the main features of each entity and the potential pitfalls, particularly on CNB. Breast spindle cell lesions are generally classified into two main categories: bland-appearing and malignant-appearing lesions. Each category includes a distinct list of differential diagnoses and a panel of immunohistochemical markers. In bland-appearing lesions, it is important to distinguish fibromatosis-like spindle cell metaplastic breast carcinoma from other benign entities and to distinguish fibromatosis from scar tissue. The malignant-appearing category includes spindle cell metaplastic carcinoma, stroma rich malignant phyllodes tumour, other primary and metastatic malignant spindle cell tumours of the breast, including angiosarcoma and melanoma, and benign mimics such as florid granulation tissue and nodular fasciitis.
The contribution of environmental and dispersal filters on phylogenetic and taxonomic beta diversity patterns in Amazonian tree communities
Authors: Guevara Andino Juan Ernesto , Pitman Nigel C. A. , ter Steege Hans , Peralvo Manuel , Cerón Carlos , Fine Paul V. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnvironmental and dispersal filters are key determinants of species distributions of Amazonian tree communities. However, a comprehensive analysis of the role of environmental and dispersal filters is needed to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes that drive phylogenetic and taxonomic turnover of Amazonian tree communities. We compare measures of taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity in 41 one-hectare plots to test the relative importance of climate, soils, geology, geomorphology, pure spatial variables and the spatial variation of environmental drivers of phylogenetic and taxonomic turnover in Ecuadorian Amazon tree communities. We found low phylogenetic and high taxonomic turnover with respect to environmental and dispersal filters. In addition, our results suggest that climate is a significantly better predictor of phylogenetic turnover and taxonomic turnover than geomorphology and soils at all spatial scales. The influence of climate as a predictor of phylogenetic turnover was stronger at broader spatial scales (50 km2) whereas geomorphology and soils appear to be better predictors of taxonomic turnover at mid (5 km2) and fine spatial scales (0.5 km2) but a weak predictor of phylogenetic turnover at broad spatial scales. We also found that the combined effect of geomorphology and soils was significantly higher for taxonomic turnover at all spatial scales but not for phylogenetic turnover at large spatial scales. Geographic distances as proxy of dispersal limitation was a better predictor of phylogenetic turnover at distances of 50 < 500 km. Our findings suggest that climatic variation at regional scales can better predict phylogenetic and taxonomic turnover than geomorphology and soils.
Analysis of the Triboelectrostatic Charging Behaviour of a Synthetic Sulfidic Copper Ore
Authors: Gehringer Sabrina , Flachberger Helmut 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, several tests were performed to analyse the triboelectrostatic charging behaviour of an artificially mixed sulfidic copper ore consisting of quartz and chalcopyrite. To check the surface charge of the pure mineral samples, they were analysed in a self-developed triboelectrostatic charging unit. After that, the artificially mixed sulfidic copper ore was sorted by using a triboelectrostatic belt separator.The objective of the study is to generate basic knowledge about the triboelectrostatic charge behaviour and furthermore the sortability by using electrostatic separation. All separation tests were carried out under controlled ambient conditions.
Suicidal ideation, distress, and related factors in a population of cancer patients treated in a general acute hospital
Authors: Senf Bianca , Bender Bernd , Fettel Jens 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Suicidality and suicidal ideation (SI) in oncology has long been an underestimated danger. Although there are cancer-specific distress screening tools available, none of these specifically incorporates items for SI. We examined the prevalence of SI in cancer patients, investigated the relation between SI and distress, and tried to identify additional associated factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional study with patients treated for cancer in a primary care hospital was conducted. Psychosocial distress and SI in 226 patients was assessed. An expert rating scale (PO-Bado-SF) and a self-assessment instrument (QSC-R23) were used to measure distress. SI was assessed with item 9 of the PHQ-9. Data was descriptively analyzed, and correlations and group comparisons between clinically distressed and non-distressed patients were calculated.

Results
SI was reported by 15% of patients. Classified as clinically distressed were 24.8% (QSC-R23) to 36.7% (PO-Bado-SF). SI was correlated with externally (rτ = 0.19, p < 0.001) and self-rated distress (rτ = 0.31, p < 0.001). Symptoms sufficiently severe for at least a medium major depressive episode were recorded in 23.5% of patients (PHQ-9). Factors associated with SI were feeling bad about oneself, feeling down, depressed, and hopeless, deficits in activities of daily life, psycho-somatic afflictions, social restrictions, and restrictions in daily life. Being in a steady relationship seemed to have a protective effect.

Conclusions
SI is common in cancer patients. Distress and associated factors are increased in patients with SI. A distress screening with the ability to assess SI could be an important step in prevention, but more research is necessary.
Seasonal differences in migration strategies of Red Kites (Milvus milvus) wintering in Spain
Authors: García-Macía Jorge , Vidal-Mateo Javier , De La Puente Javier , Bermejo Ana , Raab Rainer , Urios Vicente 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRed Kite shows a great variability in its migration strategies: most individuals in north-eastern Europe are migrants, but there is also a growing number of sedentary individuals. Here, we tagged 49 Red Kites wintering in Spain with GPS/satellite transmitters between 2013 and 2020 to study the autumn and spring migration between the breeding or summering areas in Central Europe and the wintering quarters in Spain. In first place, differences between immatures and adults were found for spring migration. Adults began the spring migration towards the northeast in February–March while the immature individuals began to migrate significantly later and showing a wider date range (February-June). Adults also takes significantly less days to arrive at their destinations (12 ± 5 days) and cover more distance per day (134.2 ± 37.1 km/day) than immatures (19 ± 11 days and 98.9 ± 21.2 km/day). In second place, we also found differences between spring and autumn migration (excluding immatures). Spring migrations were clearly faster and with less stopovers days than autumn migrations. Autumn migration began between mid-October and late November and two different behaviours were observed: most birds made a quick migration direct to the wintering areas with only some days of stopovers, but others prolonged the migration with long stops along the route. These results highlight a great variation in the migratory movements of Red Kite, not only according to age but also between individuals and seasons.
Working beyond SPA and the trajectories of cognitive and mental health of UK pensioners: Do gender, choice, and occupational status matter?
Authors: Xue Baowen , Pai Manacy , Luo Minhao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe assessed the association between work status beyond state pension age (SPA) and the long-term trajectories of cognitive and mental health for men and women separately, and the extent to which this relationship is conditioned by their occupational status and whether the choice to retire or continue working is voluntary or involuntary. Data are pensioners (aged between SPA and SPA + 9) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing waves 4 (2008/09) through 9 (2018/19). The analytic sample includes 959 men and 1217 women when considering cognitive outcomes and 1131 men and 1434 women when evaluating depression. Findings based on growth curve models reveal that, compared to women who retired at SPA and without any particular reason, their peers who retired due to frailing health reported a more precipitous decline in memory over time (coefficient = −0.10). However, analysis stratified by occupation shows that this association between ill-health retirement and long-term memory decline was concentrated among older women of the highest occupational status. We also found that men who retired or worked past SPA voluntarily reported a better baseline verbal fluency and were less likely to report depression over time (coefficient for work = 0.80; coefficient for retired = 0.87). Women who worked past SPA voluntarily were less likely to report depression at baseline (OR = 0.53). Policies that extend work life should offer older people more personal control over decision surrounding retirement.
Deposit insurance and reinsurance
Authors: Britz Volker , Gersbach Hans , Haller Hans 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study the consequences and optimal design of bank deposit insurance and reinsurance in a general equilibrium setting. The model involves two production sectors, financed by bonds and bank loans, respectively. Financial intermediation by banks is required in the model as we assume that one of the production sectors is risky and requires monitoring by banks. Households fund banks through deposits and equity. Deposits are explicitly insured and banks pay a premium per unit of deposits. Any remaining shortfall is implicitly guaranteed by the government. Two types of equilibria emerge: One type of equilibria supports the Pareto optimal allocation. In the other type, bank lending and the default risk are excessively large. The intuition is as follows: the combination of financial intermediation by banks, limited liability of bank shareholders, and deposit insurance makes deposits risk-free from the individual households’ perspective, although they involve risk from the societal point of view. This distorts investment choices and the resulting input allocation to production sectors. We show, however, that a judicious combination of deposit insurance and reinsurance eliminates all non-optimal equilibrium allocations. Our paper thus may provide a benchmark result for policy proposals advocating deposit insurance cum reinsurance.
Risk-targeted hazard maps for Spain
Authors: Kharazian A. , Molina S. , Galiana-Merino J. J. , Agea-Medina N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany studies have demonstrated that the design of structures in a region through the uniform hazard principle does not guarantee a uniform collapse risk. Even in regions with similar Peak Ground Accelerations (PGAs) corresponding to the same mean return period, the seismic risk in terms of collapse probability will be significantly different mainly due to the shape of the hazard curves as well as uncertainties in structural capacities. In this paper, risk-targeted hazard mapping is being explored in peninsular Spain using a recently updated seismic hazard map. Since risk targeting involves multiple input parameters such as the model parameters of fragility curves, their variability was considered through their probability distribution as observed in reinforced concrete (RC) moment frame buildings, representing the most common building typology in Spain. The influence of the variation of these parameters on the risk results were investigated, and different assumptions for estimating the model parameters of fragility curves are illustrated. These assumptions were included in a fixed (generic) fragility curve or building-site-specific fragility curves. Different acceptable damage states (i.e., collapse and yielding) were considered concerning Spain’s seismicity level. Finally, the maps for risk-targeted design ground motions and risk coefficients are presented. It is outlined that the employment of risk-targeted analysis leads to the modifications for existing design ground motions due to the different shape of the hazard curves across Spain and considering the uncertainty of structural capacity. Moreover, it is found that using the building- and site-specific fragility curves could result in a more uniform seismic risk across the country.