bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GOVERNING URBAN AGRICULTURE: Formalization, Resistance and Re‐visioning in Two ‘Green’ Cities
Authors: McClintock Nathan , Miewald Christiana , McCann Eugene 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs municipalities across the global North highlight urban agriculture as a marker of their ‘greenness’, how can we best understand how the spaces and practices of urban food production are governed? This article develops an analysis of urban agriculture as a complex site of governance in which numerous interests engage. We underscore the politics of governance, through which some actors resist the imposition of a narrowly normative and exclusive notion of urban agriculture and against which they envision and enact alternatives. The article contributes to efforts to transcend the often dichotomous framing of urban agriculture as radical or neoliberal, formal or informal, political or post‐political by employing ‘everyday governance’ and ‘everyday resistance’ as lenses through which to focus on the prosaic practices of engaging with, pushing back against, and stepping beyond the imposition of hegemonic models of urban agriculture. We argue that the co‐constitutive, ‘braided’ nature of urban agricultural governance is revealed through attention to the manifold forms of negotiation and resistance to formal urban agricultural governance. Moreover, our perspective highlights the ways that some practitioners are excluded by, challenge, or re‐vision formal definitions of urban agriculture. We draw on the cases of Portland, OR and Vancouver, BC to illustrate our argument.
Early Essential Newborn Care can still be used with mothers who have COVID‐19 if effective infection control measures are applied
Authors: Tran Hoang Thi , Huynh Le Thi , Le Chau Hoang Minh , Nguyen Vinh Dai , Nguyen Phuong Thi Thu , Hoang Diep Thi , Nguyen Nhan Thi Thanh , Pham Nga Thi Quynh , Murray John C. S. , Park Kidong , Sobel Howard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe describe the first infant born to a woman with COVID‐19 in Vietnam, by Caesarean section at 36 weeks and 5 days of gestation. The mother and baby remained together during their hospital stay and prolonged skin‐to‐skin contact and early and exclusive breastfeeding were achieved. This was in line with the World Health Organization's Early Essential Newborn Care (EENC) recommendations, the national Vietnamese standard of care since 2014. The baby remained virus‐free throughout the 34‐day postpartum follow‐up.ConclusionThe EENC approach can still be used with mothers who have COVID‐19 if effective infection control measures are applied.
Hierarchy of environmental factors driving restoration of dry grasslands: A multi‐site analysis
Authors: Prach Karel , Fajmon Karel , Řehounková Klára , Jongepierová Ivana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuestionsQuantification of the role of particular factors driving restoration may improve our understanding of restoration processes and thus lead to a better design of restoration projects. We investigated how restoration methods, soil characteristics, time since sowing or abandonment, proximity effects, and climate influence vegetation changes and restoration success in the restored grasslands. We particularly asked: (a) which of the studied environmental factors influence the course of restoration of dry grasslands and how much; (b) what is their hierarchy; and (c) what are the implications for ecological restoration?LocationWhite Carpathians Protected Landscape Area, eastern Czech Republic.MethodsWe studied 82 dry grasslands restored on former arable land, either sown with a regional or commercial clover–grass seed mixture or left to spontaneous succession, and compared them with ancient dry grasslands as reference sites. Data were processed using Detrended Correspondence Analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to test the relationships between two measures of restoration success (number of colonizing target species and Bray–Curtis similarity between restored and reference vegetation) and the environmental factors.ResultsThe ordination results demonstrate some convergence of grasslands restored with different methods toward reference sites. Using regional seed mixtures led to a higher participation of dry grassland species, while using commercial seed mixtures and spontaneous succession favored mesic grassland species. All tested groups of environmental variables exhibited some significant effects on the course of restoration. Their hierarchy varied depending on the vegetation characteristic we used but generally, restoration method and soil factors appeared to be the most important, followed by time since sowing or abandonment, climatic factors, and proximity effects.ConclusionsWhen planning grassland restoration projects, we have to consider especially soil characteristics and landscape context, i.e., location of the restored site in the landscape matrix and climatic conditions, and select proper restoration methods.
Upward shifts in elevational limits of forest and grassland for Mexican volcanoes over three decades
Authors: Jiménez‐García Daniel , Li Xingong , Lira‐Noriega Andrés , Peterson Andrew Townsend 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlobal climates have been warming over the past four decades, with many implications and effects on species and natural communities, in terms of shifts in geographic and elevational ranges. Nonetheless, major knowledge gaps exist, particularly for tropical regions, as regards the timescale and rate of range shifts. We used Landsat imagery to characterize the upper limits of forest and of bunch grassland on the 15 highest (>3500 m) volcanoes of central Mexico over three decades (1986–2018), and documented upward vegetation shifts averaging >490 m in elevation over this period. Treelines showed upward shifts averaging 17.3 m/year over 1986–2018; for one eastern Mexican volcano (Sierra Negra), the NDVI‐based rate (35.7 m/year) contrasts dramatically with a rate of 4.5 m/year measured over the preceding century for that volcano based on comparisons of photographs. These upward elevational shifts imply areal reductions for high‐elevation habitats, and particularly for the bunch grassland that is the focus of considerable local endemism.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Tetrahedral DNA nanostructure improves transport efficiency and anti‐fungal effect of histatin 5 against Candida albicans
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Qin Xin , Zhou Mi , Tian Taoran , Sun Yue , Li Songhang , Xiao Dexuan , Cai Xiaoxiao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesAnti‐microbial peptides (AMPs) have been comprehensively investigated as a novel alternative to traditional antibiotics against microorganisms. Meanwhile, Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) have gained attention in the field of biomedicine for their premium biological effects and transportation efficiency as delivery vehicles. Hence, in this study, TDN/Histatin 5 (His‐5) was synthesized and the transport efficiency and anti‐fungal effect were measured to evaluate the promotion of His‐5 modified by TDNs.Materials and MethodsTetrahedral DNA nanostructures/His‐5 complex was prepared via electrostatic attraction and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS). The anti‐fungal effect of the TDN/His‐5 complex was evaluated by determining the growth curve and colony‐forming units of C. albicans. The morphological transformation of C. albicans was observed by light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Immunofluorescence was performed, and potassium efflux was detected to mechanistically demonstrate the efficacy of TDN/His‐5.ResultsThe results showed that Histatin 5 modified by TDNs had preferable stability in serum and was effectively transported into C. albicans, leading to the increased formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, higher potassium efflux and enhanced anti‐fungal effect against C. albicans.ConclusionsOur study showed that TDN/His‐5 was synthesized successfully. And by the modification of TDNs, His‐5 showed increased transport efficiency and improved anti‐fungal effect.
Breeder aggression does not predict current or future cooperative group formation in a cooperatively breeding bird
Authors: Cusick Jessica A. , DuVal Emily H. , Cox James A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn cooperatively breeding species, subordinates forgo reproduction to assist breeders in raising offspring. When cooperative breeding is facultative, breeders from the same population may differ in whether they are assisted by non‐breeding helpers. Predation risk is a major source of nest failure and assistance during nest defense is often an overlooked, yet important, way helpers assist breeders. A breeder's aggressive response to a nest predator could have important implications for whether they form cooperatively breeding groups. We investigated the hypothesis that breeder aggression toward a nest predator is related to current and future helper recruitment. We tested the prediction that less aggressive breeders were more likely to form cooperative groups, which could occur if these breeders benefit from helper assistance during nest defense. We also considered the possibility that more aggressive breeders were more likely to form cooperative groups. We assessed the effects of partnerships and tested whether aggression exhibited by breeding partners was correlated. We conducted this work in the facultative, cooperatively breeding brown‐headed nuthatch (Sitta pusilla). We measured breeder aggression in response to a taxidermy model of a nest predator to determine whether breeders’ aggression correlated with their current or future helper recruitment. We found no evidence of a sex difference in aggression among breeders and aggression scores of breeding partners were not significantly correlated. Aggression scores for both breeding males and breeding females were unrelated to whether they formed cooperative groups in the current year. We followed most of the breeding males, though not breeding females, across years and found that breeding males’ aggression scores were unrelated to helper recruitment the following year. Our results suggest that breeders’ responses to nest predators are not related to cooperative group formation in this species and that males and females showed comparable levels of aggression toward a nest predator.
Sustainable production of microalgae biomass for biofuel and chemicals through recycling of water and nutrient within the biorefinery context: A review
Authors: Farooq Wasif 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCommercial‐scale production of microalgae biomass for biofuel and biochemicals requires a substantial amount of water and nutrients. Many studies are conducted to explore the potential of various aqueous streams originating from harvesting stage and different energy recovery steps as an alternative for water and nutrient supply. Presence of toxic organic compounds, unassimilated ions, particulate matter, and high alkalinity in post‐harvest water limit its recyclability. Nutrient recovery from biomass via anaerobic digestion (AD) and various hydrothermal processes is being explored. So, there is a need to understand the impact of harvesting methods, nature and impact of organic compounds, buildup of algogenic organic matter (OM), amount of unused nutrients, and salinity on water recycling. Optimum conditions for maximum nutrient recovery from AD and hydrothermal processes are discussed for effective nutrient recycling. This review is an attempt to understand the challenges associated with the recycling of aqueous streams for water and nutrient requirement for sustainable microalgae cultivation. The effectiveness of a recycling stream is defined here as “biomass ratio.” Possible growth inhibiting factors are identified, and their solutions are suggested along with potential directions for future research. Large‐scale sustainable cultivation of microalgae through recycling of different streams depends on better understanding of biological activity of algal OM through detailed characterization and in‐depth understanding of physiochemical properties.
Amorphous self‐glazed, chopped basalt fiber reinforced, geopolymer‐based composites
Authors: Chadha Vimanyu , Kriven Waltraud M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGeopolymer composites reinforced with refractory, chopped basalt fibers, and low melting glass were fabricated and heat treated at higher temperatures. K2O·Al2O3·4SiO2·11H2O was the stoichiometric composition of the potassium‐based geopolymer which was produced from water glass (fumed silica, deionized water, potassium hydroxide), and metakaolin. Addition of low melting glass (Tm ~815°C) increased the flexure strength of the composites to ~5 MPa after heat treatment above 1000°C to 1200°C. A Weibull statistical analysis was performed exhibiting how the amorphous self‐healing and self‐glazing effect of the glass frit significantly improved the flexure strength of the geopolymer and ceramic composites after exposure for 1 hour to high temperatures. At 950‐1000°C, the K‐based geopolymer converted to primarily a crystalline leucite ceramic, but the basalt fiber remained intact, and the melted glass frit flowed out of the surface cracks and sealed them. 1150℃ was determined to be the optimum heat treatment temperature, as at ≤1200°C, the basalt fibers melt and the strength of the reinforcement in the composites is significantly reduced. The amorphous self‐healing and amorphous self‐glazing effects of the glass frit significantly improved the room temperature flexure strength of the heat‐treated geopolymer and ceramic composites.
A qualitative study on parents’ concerns about adult children with intellectual disabilities amid the COVID‐19 pandemic in South Korea
Authors: Kim Min Ah , Yi Jaehee , Jung Sang Mi , Hwang Shinyeong , Sung Jimin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to understand parents’ concerns about their adult child with intellectual disabilities due to the restriction of community‐based services amid the COVID‐19 pandemic in South Korea.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were conducted face‐to‐face or by telephone with 19 parents of adult children with intellectual disabilities who had to stop using community‐based services.ResultsParticipants worried that their adult child was not aware of the seriousness of COVID‐19, was more susceptible to the COVID‐19 virus, could not recognize self‐infection and could have fatal consequences of getting infected with COVID‐19. They expected challenges in their adult child's life (losing a daily routine, being isolated, regression in skills, becoming bored, lacking physical activities and increased behavioural challenges) but also experienced adjustments and hopes.ConclusionThe study demonstrated parents’ worry about their adult child becoming infected with COVID‐19, highlighting the urgent need for community‐based services to address psychosocial challenges during the pandemic.
Regional differences in office and self‐measured home heart rates in Asian hypertensive patients: AsiaBP@Home study
Authors: Tomitani Naoko , Hoshide Satoshi , Buranakitjaroen Peera , Chia Yook Chin , Park Sungha , Chen Chen‐Huan , Nailes Jennifer , Shin Jinho , Siddique Saulat , Sison Jorge , Soenarta Arieska Ann , Sogunuru Guru Prasad , Tay Jam Chin , Turana Yuda , Zhang Yuqing , Wanthong Sirisawat , Matsushita Noriko , Wang Ji‐Guang , Kario Kazuomi ,   the HOPE Asia Network
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncreased heart rate is a predictor of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and all‐cause mortality. In those with high heart rates, interventions for heart rate reduction have been associated with reductions in coronary events. Asia is a diverse continent, and the prevalences of hypertension and cardiovascular disease differ among its countries. The present analysis of AsiaBP@Home study data investigated differences among resting heart rates (RHRs) in 1443 hypertensive patients from three Asian regions: East Asia (N = 595), Southeast Asia (N = 680), and South Asia (N = 168). This is the first study to investigate self‐measured RHR values in different Asian countries/regions using the same validated home BP monitoring device (Omron HEM‐7130‐AP/HEM‐7131‐E). Subjects in South Asia had higher RHR values compared with the other two regions, and the regional tendency found in RHR values was different from that found in BP values. Even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, habitual alcohol consumption, current smoking habit, shift worker, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, history of heart failure, and beta‐blocker use, both office and home RHR values in South Asia were the highest among Asia (mean values ± SE of office: East Asia [E] 75.2 ± 1.5 bpm, Southeast Asia [Se] 76.7 ± 1.5 bpm, South Asia [S] 81.9 ± 1.4 bpm; home morning: [E] 69.0 ± 1.2 bpm, [Se] 72.9 ± 1.2 bpm, [S] 74.9 ± 1.1 bpm; home evening: [E] 74.6 ± 1.2 bpm, [Se] 78.3 ± 1.2 bpm, [S] 83.8 ± 1.1 bpm). Given what is known about the impact of RHR on heart disease, our findings suggest the possible benefit of regionally tailored clinical strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein activates extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signaling to downregulate sortilin expression in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
Authors: Zhang Qi , Lin Wenyan , Tian Limin , Di Baoshan , Yu Jing , Niu Xiang'e , Liu Jing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimBoth type 2 diabetes mellitus and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease are closely associated with elevated levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and its oxidized form (ox‐LDL). This study aimed to investigate the regulation of sortilin in liver tissue and its potential implications for lipid metabolism.MethodsSixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (n = 15), ox‐LDL group (n = 15), PD98059 group (n = 15), and ox‐LDL + PD98059 group (n = 15). Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells were extracted from liver tissue of the control group and were identified using an anti‐CD31 antibody. Lipid droplet accumulation was observed by Oil red O and hematoxylin–eosin staining. The protein expression levels were detected by immunohistochemical staining, real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, and western blot. Histopathologic examinations were performed by Gomori methenamine silver staining.ResultsThe ox‐LDL group exhibited increased lipid droplet accumulation. Further, ox‐LDL activated the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)‐mediated downregulation of sortilin expression, whereas blocking of ERK signaling by PD98059 increased sortilin protein expression. Consistently, hematoxylin–eosin staining showed that the structure of the hepatocytes was loose and disordered in arrangement, with lipid droplets present in the cytoplasm of the ox‐LDL group. However, PD98059 significantly improved the integration of the scaffold structure. Gomori methenamine silver staining showed that the ox‐LDL group had darker and more obvious fragmented silver nitrate deposits in the basement membrane and sinus space.ConclusionsSortilin can protect liver sinusoidal endothelial cells from injury and maintain integration of the liver scaffold structure in ox‐LDL‐induced lipid‐injured liver.
Mechanisms for establishment of GABA signaling in adrenal medullary chromaffin cells
Authors: Harada Keita , Matsuoka Hidetada , Toyohira Yumiko , Yanagawa Yuchio , Inoue Masumi 
Published: March 2021

Abstractγ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to play a paracrine role in adrenal medullary chromaffin (AMC) cells. Comparative physiological and immunocytochemical approaches were used to address the issue of how the paracrine function of GABA in AMC cells is established. GABAA receptor Cl‐ channel activities in AMC cells of rats and mice, where corticosterone is the major glucocorticoid, were much smaller than those in AMC cells of guinea‐pigs and cattle, where cortisol is the major. The extent of enhancement of GABAA receptor α3 subunit expression in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells by cortisol was larger than that by corticosterone in parallel with their glucocorticoid activities. Thus, the species difference in GABAA receptor expression may be ascribed to a difference in glucocorticoid activity between corticosterone and cortisol. GABAA receptor Cl‐ channel activity in mouse AMC cells was enhanced by allopregnanolone, as noted with that in guinea‐pig AMC cells, and the enzymes involved in allopregnanolone production were immunohistochemically detected in the zona fasciculata in both mice and guinea pigs. The expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), one of the GABA synthesizing enzymes, increased after birth, whereas GABAA receptors already developed at birth. Stimulation of pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptors, but not nicotinic or muscarinic receptors, in PC12 cells, resulted in an increase in GAD67 expression in a protein‐kinase A‐dependent manner. The results indicate that glucocorticoid and PACAP are mainly responsible for the expressions of GABAA receptors and GAD67 involved in GABA signaling in AMC cells, respectively.
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AMPK‐regulated miRNA‐210‐3p is activated during ischaemic neuronal injury and modulates PI3K‐p70S6K signalling
Authors: Pfeiffer Shona , Tomašcová Anna , Mamrak Uta , Haunsberger Stefan J. , Connolly Niamh M. C. , Resler Alexa , Düssmann Heiko , Weisová Petronela , Jirström Elisabeth , D’Orsi Beatrice , Chen Gang , Cremona Mattia , Hennessy Bryan T. , Plesnila Nikolaus , Prehn Jochen H. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProgressive neuronal injury following ischaemic stroke is associated with glutamate‐induced depolarization, energetic stress and activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). We here identify a molecular signature associated with neuronal AMPK activation, as a critical regulator of cellular response to energetic stress following ischaemia. We report a robust induction of microRNA miR‐210‐3p both in vitro in primary cortical neurons in response to acute AMPK activation and following ischaemic stroke in vivo. Bioinformatics and reverse phase protein array analysis of neuronal protein expression changes in vivo following administration of a miR‐210‐3p mimic revealed altered expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), 3‐phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) signalling in response to increasing miR‐210‐3p. In vivo, we observed a corresponding reduction in p70S6K activity following ischaemic stroke. Utilizing models of glutamate receptor over‐activation in primary neurons, we demonstrated that induction of miR‐210‐3p was accompanied by sustained suppression of p70S6K activity and that this effect was reversed by miR‐210‐3p inhibition. Collectively, these results provide new molecular insight into the regulation of cell signalling during ischaemic injury, and suggest a novel mechanism whereby AMPK regulates miR‐210‐3p to control p70S6K activity in ischaemic stroke and excitotoxic injury.
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