bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process-Based Evaluation of Stochastic Perturbed Microphysics Parameterization Tendencies on Ensemble Forecasts of Heavy Rainfall Events
Authors: Lupo Kevin M. , Torn Ryan D. , Yang Shu-Chih 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Stochastic model error schemes, such as the stochastic perturbed parameterization tendencies (SPPT) and independent SPPT (iSPPT) schemes, have become an increasingly accepted method to represent model error associated with uncertain subgrid-scale processes in ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). While much of the current literature focuses on the effects of these schemes on forecast skill, this research examines the physical processes by which iSPPT perturbations to the microphysics parameterization scheme yield variability in ensemble rainfall forecasts. Members of three 120-member Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model ensemble case studies, including two distinct heavy rain events over Taiwan and one over the northeastern United States, are ranked according to an area-averaged accumulated rainfall metric in order to highlight differences between high- and low-precipitation forecasts. In each case, high-precipitation members are characterized by a damping of the microphysics water vapor and temperature tendencies over the region of heaviest rainfall, while the opposite is true for low-precipitation members. Physically, the perturbations to microphysics tendencies have the greatest impact at the cloud level and act to modify precipitation efficiency. To this end, the damping of tendencies in high-precipitation forecasts suppresses both the loss of water vapor due to condensation and the corresponding latent heat release, leading to grid-scale supersaturation. Conversely, amplified tendencies in low-precipitation forecasts yield both drying and increased positive buoyancy within clouds.
Diagnosis and Management of Occult Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Li Wan-Xin , Zhu Yiyuan , Dong Yanbo , Liu Liangfa 
Published: November 2021

Objective: Some cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy (CTL) presents no evidence of tuberculosis (TB), even after thorough examination of a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimen. After the examination of excisional specimens, when the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis identifies the nucleic acid of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) or the culture results are positive, then the diagnosis of CTL is established. We refer to this condition as occult CTL (OCTL). Patient and Methods: The present work is a retrospective review of a consecutive series of OCTL cases that were treated at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, between June 2015 and September 2020. When the diagnosis of OCTL was established, the patients received the standard anti-TB chemotherapy. Results: Fourteen cases of OCTL, including 9 female and 5 male patients, aged 24 to 71 years (median age 42 years), were included in the present study. The most commonly observed levels of lymph node involvement were level V and level II. Each level of the involved lymph nodes was removed entirely through en bloc surgical resection. An evaluation of the excisional specimens led to positive PCR results in all 14 cases, with 2 cases presenting positive culture and 3 cases exhibiting positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining. Recovery was uneventful, and the anti-TB chemotherapy was completed in all cases. The median duration of follow-up was 29 months, during which no case of TB relapse was observed. Conclusions: Wide surgical excision is crucial for the diagnosis and management of OCTL, and when used in combination with anti-TB chemotherapy, it results in satisfactory patient outcomes.
Free-breathing contrast-enhanced multiphase MRI of the liver in patients with a high risk of breath-holding failure: comparison of compressed sensing-accelerated radial and Cartesian acquisition techniques
Authors: Choi Eun Sun , Kim Jin Sil , Nickel Marcel Dominik , Sung Jae Kon , Lee Jeong Kyong 
Published: November 2021

Background Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of each magnetic resonance (MR) technique, would allow us to choose a sequence better suited in patients with a high risk of breath-holding failure. Purpose To compare the image quality of free-breathing contrast-enhanced multiphase MR imaging (MRI) using incoherent Cartesian k-space sampling combined with a motion-resolved compressed sensing reconstruction (XD-VIBE) and Golden-Angle Radial Sparse Parallel MRI (GRASP). Material and Methods A total of 67 patients were included. Overall image quality, motion artifacts, and liver edge sharpness on arterial and portal-venous phase were evaluated by two radiologists. We evaluated the signal intensity ratio between liver in the late arterial phase to aorta at peak enhancement and the detection rate of hypervascular lesions. Results Overall image quality, artifact, and liver edge sharpness scores of XD-VIBE and GRASP were not significantly different ( P = 0.070–0.397). Four (reviewer 1, 12.1%) and seven patients (reviewer 2, 21.2%) received non-diagnostic quality in the XD-VIBE group whereas one patient (reviewer 2, 2.9%) received non-diagnostic quality in the GRASP group. The ratio between the aorta and liver signal for GRASP was significantly higher than that of XD-VIBE (0.32 ± 0.10 vs. 0.47 ± 0.13; P < 0.001). The hypervascular lesion detection rate of XD-VIBE (86.7%) was higher than that of GRASP (57.1%) in the arterial phase without a statistically significant difference ( P = 0.081). Conclusion Overall image quality of XD-VIBE and GRASP were not significantly different. More XD-VIBE examinations were rated non-diagnostic. On the other hand, the relative liver parenchymal enhancement to the aorta in the late arterial phase of GRASP was higher than that of XD-VIBE, which potentially leads to lower detectability of hypervascular lesions on arterial phase images.
The role of ultrasonography in diagnosing hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve
Authors: Wang Tiezheng , Qi Hengtao , Wang Dehua , Wang Zengtao , Bao Shougang , Teng Jianbo 
Published: November 2021

Background In the past, the diagnosis of hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve mostly depended on electrophysiological examination, by which the location could not be diagnosed. There are few studies on the evaluation of hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) by ultrasonography. Purpose To evaluate the role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve. Material and Methods A retrospective analysis of 12 patients with hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve was carried out, and the characteristics of the high-frequency ultrasonographic images were summarized and compared with surgical exploration. Results The 12 cases of hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve were all located in the median nerve of the distal upper arm, including nine cases of single hourglass-like fascicular constriction and three cases of multiple hourglass-like fascicular constrictions. High-frequency ultrasonography can accurately locate the hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve and the extent of neuropathy. The ultrasonographic images of hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve showed single or multiple hourglass-like change(s) in the median nerve of the distal upper arm. The nerve fascicles on both sides of the affected nerve with hourglass-like change thickened. Conclusions High-frequency ultrasonography could be a reliable, convenient, and non-invasive diagnostic imaging method for hourglass-like fascicular constriction(s) of the anterior interosseous nerve.
Aorta unfolding index as an indicator for coronary artery disease severity
Authors: Sakrana Amal Abdelsattar , Abdel khalek Abdel Razek Ahmed , Ibrahim Bedier Abdelnaby Ahmed , Khedr Mohamed Khedr Doaa 
Published: November 2021

Background Aortic unfolding index (AUI) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events, yet there is scarcity in the literature on its association with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Purpose To investigate the correlation between aortic unfolding and coronary artery disease severity score. Material and Methods The study included 115 patients with various degrees of CAD who underwent invasive coronary angiography and were retrospectively studied. AUI derived from non-contrast computed tomography (CT) of the chest was correlated to the Gensini score describing the CAD severity. Its sensitivity and specificity in the detection of severe stenosis were examined at various cutoff points. Results CAD severity was significantly correlated with the patient age and AUI. On multivariate regression analysis, AUI was an independent predictor of severe CAD. The best cutoff value was ≥66, with 94.9% sensitivity and 81.6% specificity. Conclusion AUI ≥66 was a predictor of severe CAD independent of the patient age.
Clinical application of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of intrauterine adhesions
Authors: Jiang Xinkui , Chen Xiaofeng , Li Jiangtao , Wang Weiqi , Li Jing 
Published: November 2021

Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (3D-TVS) for intrauterine adhesions (IUA). Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study. A total of 500 women aged 19 to 46 years with uterine lesions who received treatment from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology were enrolled. Endometrial 3D imaging was conducted to obtain the display plane and 3D-TVS parameters. Patients also underwent hysteroscopy for a definitive diagnosis. Results For diagnosing IUA, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy of 3D-TVS were 98.8%, 90.8%, 91.4%, 98.7%, and 94.8%, respectively. For diagnosing a submucosal myoma, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and overall accuracy of 3D-TVS were 88.2%, 97.9%, 88.2%, 97.9%, and 96.4%, respectively. For diagnosing endometrial polyps, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and overall accuracy of 3D-TVS were 94.7%, 96.8%, 92.9%, 97.7%, and 96.2%, respectively. Conclusions Before hysteroscopy, 3D-TVS, as a method of screening, has great value for comparing differences before and after treatment, and for evaluating therapeutic effects.
Is Violence, Violence no Matter Where it Strikes? Adjudicated Boys, Thwarted Belongingness, Perceived Burdensomeness, and Acquired Capability for Suicide
Authors: Van Wyk Judy A. 
Published: November 2021

This study explores treating violence against others as a precursor to self-directed violence. It tests the utility of including violence against others in the measure of acquired capability to test assumptions from the interpersonal theory of violence. Four theoretical hypotheses are assessed that are consistent with the theory: (1) thwarted belongingness (parental abandonment and rejection) and perceived burdensomeness (exposure to parental interpersonal violence and child abuse) independently increase the likelihood of suicidal ideation; (2) the interaction of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness increases the likelihood of suicidal ideation controlling for other pertinent variables; (3) the three-way interaction of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability (violence against others and prior suicidal attempts) increases the likelihood of suicidal attempts controlling for other pertinent variables; and (4) self-harm responds to the theoretical variables and similarly, to attempts. Subjects are court-adjudicated males (ages 13–18) who were residents for up to 1 year at the Ocean Tides School and rehabilitation center from 1975–2019. The data span 44 years and include 2195 youth. Depression, drug/alcohol use, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and interaction terms between SES and race and SES and ethnicity are also examined. Backward conditional logistic regression analyses find mixed support for the hypotheses, but strong support for including violence against others in the concept of acquired capability. Support is also found for conceptualizing child abuse and exposure to parental interpersonal violence as perceived burdensomeness in tests of this theory as well as measures of depression. Major implications for programming in the treatment and rehabilitation of delinquent boys include conceptualizing and approaching violence against others as a precursor to suicidal attempts and other self-directed harm.
Postnatal Unit Experiences Associated With Exclusive Breastfeeding During the Inpatient Stay: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey
Authors: Tully Kristin P. , Smith Jacquana L. , Pearsall Marina S. , Sullivan Catherine , Seashore Carl , Stuebe Alison M. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Efforts to provide accessible and effective infant feeding support are advancing to set up new families to meeting their goals. However, data continue to be limited for understanding how inpatient postpartum support and experiences contribute to exclusive breastfeeding during hospitalization. Research Aims: To explore postnatal unit experiences including skin-to-skin contact, overnight support, rooming-in, responsive clinicians, and understandable communication that correlate with early infant feeding outcomes among a sample of mothers who intended to breastfeed. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional survey study. Through secure online survey, participants submitted ( N = 2,401) responses from November 2016 to May 2017 about their experiences with maternity healthcare and offered thoughts on the postnatal unit environment. Descriptive statistics were used to examine distributions of maternal characteristics, postpartum experience, and birthing facility characteristics. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding was positively correlated with the following postnatal unit experiences: mother did not ask that her infant be taken out of the postnatal unit room; infant staying in postnatal unit room except for treatment(s); mother got help from clinical staff when needed after pressing the call button; and nurse, midwife, and/or doctor always explained information to mother in ways that they understood. Conclusion: Postnatal unit experiences associated with exclusive breastfeeding during postpartum hospitalization were rooming in; parents who did not ask for their infant to be taken out of the unit room; whether mothers received timely help from clinical staff; and information was explained in a way they could understand.
Healthcare Professionals’ Breastfeeding Attitudes and Hospital Practices During Delivery and in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Pre and Post Implementing the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative
Authors: Mäkelä Heli , Axelin Anna , Kolari Terhi , Kuivalainen Tuula , Niela-Vilén Hannakaisa 
Published: November 2021

Background: The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative represents a global effort to support breastfeeding. Commitment to this program has been associated with the longer duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding and improvements in hospital practices. Further, healthcare professionals’ breastfeeding attitudes have been associated with the ability to provide professional support for breastfeeding. Research Aims: To determine healthcare professionals’ breastfeeding attitudes and hospital practices before and after the implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest study design, healthcare professionals ( N = 131) from the single hospital labor and delivery, maternity care, and neonatal intensive care were recruited before and after the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative intervention during 2017 and 2019. Breastfeeding attitudes with the validated Breastfeeding Attitude Questionnaire, breastfeeding-related hospital practices, and background characteristics were collected. Results: The healthcare professionals’ breastfeeding attitude scores increased significantly after the implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, difference = 0.16, (95% CI [0.13, 0.19]) and became breastfeeding favorable among all professional groups in each study unit. Positive changes in breastfeeding-supportive hospital practices were achieved. The infants had significantly more frequent immediate and uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact with their mothers. The rate of early breastfeeding, as well as the number of exclusively breastfed infants, increased. Conclusions: After the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative and Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative for neonatal wards (Neo-BFHI) interventions were concluded, we found significant improvements in the breastfeeding attitudes of healthcare professionals and in breastfeeding-related care practices. This RCT was registered (0307-0041) with ClinicalTrials.gov on 03/03/2017.
Guidance for management of free-roaming community cats: a bioeconomic analysis
Authors: Benka Valerie A , Boone John D , Miller Philip S , Briggs Joyce R , Anderson Aaron M , Slootmaker Christopher , Slater Margaret , Levy Julie K , Nutter Felicia B , Zawistowski Stephen 
Published: November 2021

Objectives This study used computer simulation modeling to estimate and compare costs of different free-roaming cat (FRC) management options (lethal and non-lethal removal, trap–neuter–return, combinations of these options and no action) and their ability to reduce FRC population abundance in open demographic settings. The findings provide a resource for selecting management approaches that are well matched for specific communities, goals and timelines, and they represent use of best available science to address FRC issues. Methods Multiple FRC management approaches were simulated at varying intensities using a stochastic individual-based model in the software package Vortex. Itemized costs were obtained from published literature and expert feedback. Metrics generated to evaluate and compare management scenarios included final population size, total cost and a cost efficiency index, which was the ratio between total cost and population size reduction. Results Simulations suggested that cost-effective reduction of FRC numbers required sufficient management intensity, regardless of management approach, and greatly improved when cat abandonment was minimized. Removal yielded the fastest initial reduction in cat abundance, but trap–neuter–return was a viable and potentially more cost-effective approach if performed at higher intensities over a sufficient duration. Of five management scenarios that reduced the final population size by approximately 45%, the three scenarios that relied exclusively on removal were considerably more expensive than the two scenarios that relied exclusively or primarily on sterilization. Conclusions and relevance FRCs present a challenge in many municipalities, and stakeholders representing different perspectives may promote varying and sometimes incompatible population management policies and strategies. Although scientific research is often used to identify FRC impacts, its use to identify viable, cost-effective management solutions has been inadequate. The data provided by simulating different interventions, combined with community-specific goals, priorities and ethics, provide a framework for better-informed FRC policy and management outcomes.
Value of ocular trauma score in predicting the incidence of secondary glaucoma after closed globe injury
Authors: Hou Xu , Guo Xinxing , Cui Zhili , Wang Yusheng , Zhou Jian , Hu Dan 
Published: November 2021

Aim To analyze the visual acuity (VA) and the incidence of secondary glaucoma among patients with closed globe injury (CGI). To determine the correlations between the ocular trauma score (OTS) with surgery rate, and evaluate the applicability of OTS in secondary glaucoma prediction and treatment. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 265 patients (265 eyes) with CGI admitted to Xijing Hospital between January 2014 and December 2016. The clinical characteristics; VA, IOP, injury zone, surgery, and IOP-lowering medications were collected at the initial visit and at six months. The patients with secondary glaucoma were scored and assessed by the OTS system. The correlation of the anti-glaucoma surgery with the OTS was evaluated. The difference in the number of IOP-lowering medications between the initial visit and six months was analyzed. Results The average age of the patients was 33.5 ± 20.7 years with 80.8% being males. The final VA outcome improved in its totality after treatment. 35 patients developed glaucoma, with an incident rate of 13.2% over six months. All glaucoma patients had an injury in zone I and II, and 12 of them had an injury in zone III. The severity of the OTS category showed a strong correlation with the anti-glaucoma surgery rate. After the surgical intervention, the number of IOP-lowering medications in OTS category 2, 3, and 4 significantly reduced. Conclusions The OTS has predictive value in the incidence of secondary glaucoma after CGI. A patient with a low score is more likely to develop secondary glaucoma and might require surgical intervention.
Wide-field swept source optical coherence tomography evaluation of posterior segment changes in highly myopic eyes
Authors: Meng Li-Hui , Yuan Ming-Zhen , Zhao Xin-Yu , Yu Wei-Hong , Chen You-Xin 
Published: November 2021

Background To investigate the features in the posterior pole of highly myopic (HM) eyes using a wide-field high-resolution swept source optical coherence tomography (SS OCT). Methods This observational cross-sectional study involved 262 eyes of 139 patients, who were diagnosed as HM and had consecutively been examined by SS OCT in the Ophthalmology Department of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital between March 2019 and December 2019. The characteristics of OCT images were documented and analyzed. Results In our study, SS OCT could demonstrate the entire layer of the choroid and detect the sclera in all eyes. The mean subfoveal retinal/choroidal/scleral thickness were 204.84 ± 119.86 μm, 92.80 ± 75.78 μm and 394.734 ± 123.09 μm, respectively. 138 eyes (52.67%) had posterior precortical vitreous pocket. Myopic foveoschisis was detected in 110 eyes (41.98%), and significantly associated with the presence of posterior staphyloma. 36 eyes (13.74%) had DSM in our study, of which 8 eyes (22.22%) showed a round dome, 16 (44.44%) were horizontal oval-shaped, 9 (25%) were vertical oval-shaped and 3 (8.34%) were oblique oval-shaped. Both SFCT and SFST were inversely and significantly associated with age and refractive errors. Macular neovascularization was significantly correlated with intrascleral vessels. Different deformation of the sclera and posterior staphyloma were vividly identified on SS OCT images. Conclusions This study provided a relatively comprehensive picture of posterior pole in HM eyes. Such good visualization of ocular fundus provided by wide-field SS OCT could be useful for the therapy option, disease condition monitoring and pathogenesis investigation.