bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal variability in extreme precipitation in the Pearl River Basin, China from 1960 to 2018
Authors: Xu Fei , Zhou Yuyan , Zhao Lingling 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExtreme precipitation events are an increasingly important issue, and their changing trends vary by geographical region. In this study, 12 extreme precipitation indices (EPI) were selected to analyse the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of extreme precipitation, explore the relationships between EPI and annual total precipitation (ATP) and elevation in the Pearl River Basin from 1960 to 2018, and investigate the persistence of extreme precipitation in the future. The results showed that the regionally averaged ATP insignificantly decreased at a rate of 27.27 mm/decade, while the maximum 1‐day precipitation and maximum 5‐day precipitation exhibited insignificantly increased trends, simple daily intensity index significantly increased at a rate of 0.18 mm/day per decade, whereas wet days, heavy precipitation days and consecutive dry days significantly decreased from 1960 to 2018. Trends in the EPI in four seasons showed large differences, most of the EPI in spring were decreased, while increased in winter. Most EPI in the western regions showed decreasing trends, whereas in the southeastern regions exhibited positive trends. The large spatial variability of EPI is mainly due to the impacts of terrain and water vapour sources. The variations in the extreme precipitation are closely related to the atmospheric circulation index, especially for the East Asian Summer Monsoon. All indices except consecutive dry days exhibited significant positive correlations with ATP. All indices except consecutive dry days had negative correlations with elevation, and extreme precipitation events mainly occurred in lower elevation regions. All the EPI had long‐range correlations based on R/S analysis (H > 0.5), thereby indicating that the EPI will maintain their current trends in the future. This research will provide support for water resource management and scientific adaptation, mitigation and response to climate anomalies.
Gender differences in immunological response of African‐American juveniles with Grade C molar incisor pattern periodontitis
Authors: Tavakoli Tamara T. , Gholami Fatemeh , Huang Hong , Gonçalves Patricia Furtado , Villasante‐Tezanos Alejandro , Aukhil Ikramuddin , de Oliveira Rubelisa C. G. , Hovencamp Niki , Wallet Shannon , Ioannidou Efthimia , Shaddox Luciana M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence of Grade C molar incisor periodontitis (C/MIP) in females (F) and males (M) is controversial, although some studies suggest higher prevalence in females. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in clinical parameters, and levels of cyto/chemokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peripheral blood response.MethodsGCF and blood were collected from 79 C/MIP African‐American participants (53F and 26 M) and healthy controls (58F and 38 M), aged 5 to 23. Blood was stimulated with ultrapure LPS from Escherichia coli (Ec) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and we quantified levels of 14 cyto/chemokines. Clinical parameters were collected before and 12 months following treatmentResultsNo clinical parameters or age differences were found between males and females, although age was negatively correlated with response to treatment. GCF levels of TNFα, IFNγ, MIP1α, and MCP1 from diseased and sites and healthy sites IFNγ levels were higher in M (P < 0.05). C/MIP females presented higher Pg and Ec LPS induced levels of Eotaxin, IFNγ, and GMCSF (P < 0.05), whereas healthy males presented higher Ec LPS induced levels of Eotaxin and IFNγ (P < 0.05). Inflammatory profiles were also different among genders in disease (P = 0.004).ConclusionsAlthough males seemed to present few elevated inflammatory markers in the GCF in disease and in health, females presented an elevated systemic inflammatory response to LPS in disease, which indicates a possible differential susceptibility to inflammation. Future studies need to determine if sex hormones have a role in the peripheral host response and in the pathogenesis of C/MIP.
Rapid isolation of exopolysaccharide‐producing Streptococcus thermophilus based on molecular marker screening
Authors: Xiong Zhiqiang , Chen Huanlan , Song Xin , Xia Yongjun , Ai Lianzhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs a natural food additive, exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Streptococcus thermophilus can improve product viscosity and texture. The protein EpsA is a putative pathway‐specific transcriptional regulator for EPS biosynthesis in S. thermophilus.RESULTSAccording to comparative analysis of EPS biosynthetic gene clusters, a conserved region of epsA (609 bp) was employed to design primer pair epsA‐F/R as a molecular marker for the isolation of EPS‐producing (EPS+) S. thermophilus. Two EPS+ S. thermophiles strains, AR333 and S‐3, were band‐positive, whereas Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 (non‐EPS‐producing, EPS−), Lactobacillus casei LC2W (EPS+) and L. plantarum AR113 (EPS+) were negative by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicon bands using the epsA probe. This indicated good specificity of the epsA probe to EPS+ S. thermophilus. Moreover, based on PCR screening with the epsA probe, 23 positive strains were isolated and identified as S. thermophilus from our microbial library and natural fermented milk with 141.3–309.2 mg L−1 of EPS production, demonstrating the validity of our molecular marker screening method.CONCLUSIONThe designed molecular marker of epsA can rapidly screen EPS+ S. thermophilus, which has potential application in the dairy and other food industries. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Formulation of the biological control yeast Meyerozyma caribbica by electrospraying process: effect on postharvest control of anthracnose in mango (Mangifera indica L.) and papaya (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Aguirre‐Güitrón Lizet , Calderón‐Santoyo Montserrat , Lagarón José María , Prieto Cristina , Ragazzo‐Sánchez Juan Arturo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicroorganism for biological control of fruit diseases is an eco‐friendly alternative to the use of chemical fungicides.RESULTSThis is the first study evaluating the electrospraying process to encapsulate the biocontrol yeast Meyerozyma caribbica. The effect of encapsulating material [Wey protein concentrate (WPC), Fibersol® and Trehalose], its concentration and storage temperature on the cell viability of M. caribbica, and in vitro and in vivo control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was evaluated. The processing with commercial resistant maltodextrin (Fibersol®) 30% (w/v) as encapsulating material showed the highest initial cell viability (95.97 ± 1.01%). The storage at 4 ± 1 °C showed lower losses of viability compared to 25 ± 1 °C. Finally, the encapsulated yeast with Fibersol 30% w/v showed inhibitory activity against anthracnose in the in vitro and in vivo tests, similar to yeast fresh cells.CONCLUSIONElectrospraying was a highly efficient process due to the high cell viability, and consequently, a low quantity of capsules is required for the postharvest treatment of fruits. Additionally, the yeast retained its antagonistic power during storage. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Nuclear magnetic resonance‐based chemical signature and nutritional discrimination of Macrotyloma uniflorum accessions from the alpine Himalayas
Authors: Gautam Manisha , Chahota Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMacrotyloma uniflorum (horsegram) is cultivated in the alpine Himalayas for its nutritional benefits. The chemical diversity of M. uniflorum has been explored by several research groups, but none has reported the chemical signature to monitor the identity and quality. To overcome quality control problems and provide more accurate chemotype information, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR)‐based chemical signature and tentative metabotype discrimination was studied.RESULTSMetabolites were identified by characteristic chemical shifts and their correlations in one‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. The identifications were confirmed by reference standards, with in‐house databases, and with public databases. From the analysis of seed samples from eight locations, NMR detected 46 diversified metabolites, including 18 amino acids, nine carbohydrates, three vitamins, seven flavonoids, and nine miscellaneous molecules (fatty acids/choline/phenolics/organic acids/sterols). These metabolites generated a single snapshot chemical signature for M. uniflorum. Greater content of identified metabolites was found at high elevations of 1829 m (55.78 g kg−1) followed by 1000–1150 m (19.30–17.23 g kg−1) and 1150–1450 m (7.33–13.41 g kg−1). Principal component analysis of samples revealed that chemotypes grouped into three distinct clusters. ‘Cluster‐3’ was positively correlated with metabolites and found the best nutritionally enriched chemotype.CONCLUSIONSA proton nuclear magnetic resonance‐based M. uniflorum chemical signature was generated for the first time. The environmental conditions of 1829 m were most suitable for obtaining nutritionally enriched M. uniflorum crops. Overall, this information could help in the conservation, quality control, product development, and agriculture inventions of M. uniflorum. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Investigation of differential levels of phosphorus fixation in dolomite and calcium carbonate amended red soil
Authors: Fan Bingqian , Ding Jiahui , Fenton Owen , Daly Karen , Chen Shuo , Zhang Shuai , Chen Qing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe pH adjustment of acidic red soils with lime materials is beneficial for the reduction of phosphorus (P) fixation. However, the reasons for varying levels of P activation after adding different lime materials have not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study examined changes in soil labile P and P forms after phosphate application to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and dolomite amended red soil during a 120‐day incubation period. Also change of P sorption properties in the amended soil samples from day 120 were examined through a sorption–desorption experiment.RESULTSThe increase of soil H2O‐P and NaHCO3‐P in the CaCO3 and dolomite amended soil treatments was mainly ascribed to the decline of the NaOH‐P. However, when compared with the control treatment after 120 days, soil Olsen‐P significantly increased by 34% and 66% in the CaCO3 and dolomite treatments. The Hedley P fractionation results demonstrated that the CaCO3 application caused a notable increase of HCl‐P (stable Ca–P), which was 88.4% higher than that in the dolomite treatment. However, the formation of stable P was strongly suppressed in the dolomite treatment due to the presence of magnesium (Mg), which was identified by the negative relationship between M3‐Mg and HCl‐P. In line with these findings, P sorption–desorption work showed weaker P binding energy in the dolomite treatment relative to the CaCO3 treatment.CONCLUSIONIn terms of increasing P availability in red soil, this study suggests that dolomite should be used to substitute CaCO3 in order to reduce the soil P fixation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Growth and fatty acid composition of Acutodesmus obliquus under different light spectra and temperatures
Authors: Helamieh Mark , Gebhardt Annkathrin , Reich Marco , Kuhn Friedericke , Kerner Martin , Kümmerer Klaus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe combined impact of temperature and light spectra on the fatty acid (FA) composition in microalgae has been sparsely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions of light and temperature on the FA composition in Acutodesmus obliquus. For this purpose, A. obliquus was cultivated with different temperatures (20, 30, and 35°C), as well as broad light spectra (blue, green, and red light). Growth and FA composition were monitored daily. Microalgal FA were extracted, and a qualitative characterization was done by gas chromatography coupled with electron impact ionization mass spectrometry (GC‐EI/MS). Compared to red light, green and blue light caused a higher percentage of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 16:4, 18:3, and 18:4, at all temperatures. The highest total percentage of these PUFA were observed at the lowest cultivation temperature and blue and green light. These data imply that a combination of lower temperatures and blue‐green light (450–550 nm) positively influences the activity of specific FA‐desaturases in A. obliquus. Additionally, a lower 16:1 trans/cis ratio was observed upon green and blue light treatment and lower cultivation temperatures. Remarkably, green light treatment resulted in a comparably high growth under all tested conditions. Therefore, a higher content of green light, compared to blue light might additionally lead to a higher biomass concentration. Microalgae cultivation with low temperatures and green light might therefore result in a suitable FA composition for the food industry and a comparably high biomass production.
Two‐Photon Laser Writing of Soft Responsive Polymers via Temperature‐Controlled Polymerization
Authors: De Bellis Isabella , Nocentini Sara , Delli Santi M. Giulia , Martella Daniele , Parmeggiani Camilla , Zanotto Simone , Wiersma Diederik S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEnhancing the resolution of 3D patterning techniques in functional soft polymers enlarges the application areas of responsive shape‐changing materials, for tunable nanophotonics and nanorobotics. Thanks to the recent advances of polymer science, the palette of available materials for nanomanufacturing is becoming wider and wider—although the comprehension of their polymerization process by two‐photon polymerization is still incomplete. In this work, both shrinking of the minimal polymerizable unit and a significant improvement of the mechanical stability of microstructured soft polymers, in particular of liquid crystalline networks, are demonstrated. To this aim, temperature control enhances the resolution and reduces the swelling of the polymerized structures, thus avoiding deviations of the final structure from the intended design. This fine control on the nanoscale features enables the use of soft responsive materials not only for bulky microelements, but also for high‐resolution structures with more complex design.
Hot corrosion of TBC‐coated components upon combustion of low‐sulfur fuels
Authors: Holländer Christian , Kiliani Stefan , Stamm Werner , Lüsebrink Oliver , Harders Harald , Wessel Egbert , Müller Michael , Singheiser Lorenz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGas turbine reliability is a crucial requirement for passenger safety in aviation and a secure energy supply. Hence, corrosive degradation of combustor parts, vanes, and blades in gas turbines must be prevented. One of the most severe forms of corrosion is alkali‐sulfate‐induced hot corrosion, which is associated with internal sulfidation of components and is usually anticipated to fade in importance in the absence of sulfur. However, the literature suggests that hot corrosion might still occur in low‐sulfur combustion gases. In this study, established thermodynamic modeling methods are used to analyze the low‐sulfur hot corrosion regime. Liquid sodium chromate is found to be stable in these conditions. A comparison of calculation results and engine findings suggests that high alkali levels can negatively impact thermal barrier coating life even if sulfur is absent in the fuel. Laboratory tests are carried out to validate the chromate formation on MCrAlY‐coated specimens. It is shown that molten sodium chromate can alter the oxidation behavior of MCrAlY, promoting the formation of voluminous spinel. This represents a new and different form of hot corrosion compared to type I hot corrosion.
A Solution‐Processable Pristine PEDOT Exhibiting Excellent Conductivity, Charge Carrier Mobility, and Thermal Stability in the Doped State
Authors: Schmode Philip , Hochgesang Adrian , Goel Mahima , Meichsner Florian , Mohanraj John , Fried Martina , Thelakkat Mukundan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPEDOT:PSS [poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate] is a widely used insoluble conducting polymer, which is therefore processed from dispersions. In this work, PEDOT homopolymers (PEDOT‐C6C8 1 and 2) highly soluble in common solvents like toluene, tetrahydrofuran, and chloroform are synthesized with a high control of molecular weight and low dispersity using Kumada catalyst transfer polymerization of a newly synthesized EDOT monomer carrying a branched alkyl substituent. Pristine PEDOT‐C6C8 allows the use in accumulation mode transistors with a high charge carrier mobility of 5 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Moreover, these polymers can be doped in a controlled fashion, reaching conductivities of 10−3 S cm−1 at 10 mol% of a dopant, Spiro‐MeOTAD(TFSI)2. The doped state is remarkably stable, retaining 80% of the initial value after annealing under nitrogen at 100 °C and being exposed to ambient atmosphere for up to 12 h. During doping, the hole injection barrier decreases and reaches an impressively low value of 130 meV at only 2.5 mol% dopant loading without loss in carrier mobility; as monitored using ultraviolet photoelectron‐ and impedance spectroscopy. This new design concept leading to highly soluble polymers with well‐controlled molecular weights provides solution‐processable PEDOT dopable in a well‐controlled fashion.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Chiral Polyamide via Condensation of Natural Source Amino Acid Diesters and Diamine
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Guoqin , Xia Bo , Zhong Mingqiang , Fan Ping , Chen Feng , Fei Zhengdong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEnzymatic synthesis of chiral polyesters has been a powerful tool in the field of polymer chemistry. At the meantime, enzymatic polymerization for preparing chiral polyamides is rare. Herein, an efficient strategy for the preparing of optically pure polyamide via lipase‐catalyzed condensation between natural source amino acid diesters and diamines is demonstrated. The highest molecular weight of l‐ configuration targeting optically pure polyamide can reach up to 8.5 × 103 g mol−1 (Mw, Ð = 2.18). Moreover, both d‐ and l‐ configuration of chiral polyamides can be obtained without complex protein modification or substrate engineering. The molecular weight of d‐ configuration chiral polyamide can also reach up to 7.5 × 103 g mol−1 (Mw, Ð = 1.95). The scanning electron microscopy is applied for test the microstructure of chiral polyamide. By precipitating in acetone/N,N‐dimethyformamide (DMF) solvent system, a microsphere and nanotube microstructure can be observed with the changing of acetone/DMF ratio.
Insertion‐Crystallization‐Induced Low‐Temperature Annealing Peaks in Melt‐Crystallized Poly(l‐Lactic Acid)
Authors: Androsch René , Toda Akihiko , Furushima Yoshitomo , Schick Christoph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnnealing of poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) at temperatures lower than the temperature of primary melt‐crystallization leads to appearance of distinct low‐temperature annealing peaks in subsequently recorded calorimeter heating scans. Reason is continuation of crystallization by growth of crystals of lower stability as formed during primary crystallization. The assignment of low‐temperature annealing peaks to crystallization is based on a robust analysis of the decrease of the heat capacity of the semicrystalline structure slightly above the glass transition temperature and its correlation with the corresponding enthalpy of crystallization. Comparison of the form of annealing peaks with classical enthalpy‐recovery peaks obtained on devitrification of the glassy amorphous phase of semicrystalline PLLA supports the interpretation regarding the origin of annealing peaks.
Older and more personal: Stronger links between brand‐name recall and brand‐related autobiographical memories in older consumers
Authors: Thoma Dieter , Wechsler Julia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSuccessful recall of brand names often determines consumer decisions. Yet, unaided recall fails increasingly as adult consumers get older, which is a threat to brand awareness in aging societies. Still, consumer research has not explored if personally relevant episodic memories consumers associate with a brand can support brand‐name memory when consumers age. This study, therefore, explores how cognitive aging affects the links between the recall of brand names from semantic memory and the subjective quality of brand‐related autobiographical memories (AMs). Experimental data from 20‐ to 33‐year‐old and 60‐ to 90‐year‐old participants suggest that consumers associate successfully recalled brand names with more significant, phenomenologically richer AMs, and that this connection between semantic and episodic memory is stronger in older adults. We discuss how research and brand communication could utilize AMs to further understand and reduce negative impacts of aging on brand awareness.
Engineering the Nanoscaled Morphologies of Linear DNA Homopolymers
Authors: Zheng Mengxi , Li Qian , Li Qian , Paluzzi Victoria E. , Choi Jong Hyun , Mao Chengde 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSupramolecular polymers have unique characteristics such as self‐healing and easy processing. However, the scope of their structures is limited to mostly either flexible, random coils or rigid, straight chains. By broadening this scope, novel properties, functions, and applications can be explored. Here, DNA is used as a model system to engineer innovative, nanoscaled morphologies of supramolecular polymers. Each polymer chain consists of multiple copies of the same short (38–46 nucleotides long) DNA strand. The component DNA strands first dimerize into homo‐dimers, which then further assemble into long polymer chains. By subtly tuning the design, a range of polymer morphologies are obtained; including straight chains, spirals, and closed rings with finite sizes. Such structures are confirmed by AFM imaging and predicted by molecular coarse simulation.
Ppb level detection of carbonyl sulfide and ethene and study resonant frequencies using laser photoacoustic spectroscopy
Authors: Mohebbifar Mohammad Reza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLaser photoacoustic spectroscopy is a laser measurement method with high sensitivity, good selectivity, nondestructive, and fast response (real‐time). In the present work, to detect carbonyl sulfide and ethene gases and measure resonant frequencies and signals, the photoacoustic spectroscopy system was designed and set up. The detection limit of this system to trace ethene and carbonyl sulfide was measured 3 ppb and 8 ppb, respectively. Also, for these two gases at the presence of different buffer gases, the resonant frequency and photoacoustic signal were recorded. The results showed that among the used buffer gases, xenon has the best acoustic performance and gives the highest photoacoustic signal. The signal also increased with increasing pressure of buffer gas, because increasing the pressure leads to improved collisional processes. The study of resonant frequencies of this system for these two gases in the presence of buffer gases showed that with increasing the pressure of xenon, argon, and nitrogen buffer gases from 65 to 765 Torr, the resonant frequency does not change significantly. But in the case of helium buffer gas, these resonant frequency changes are significant, and as the helium pressure increases by 65 to 765 Torr, the resonant frequencies of carbonyl sulfide and ethene change from 2016 to 2630 Hz and from 2100 to 2740 Hz, respectively. The reason for the different behavior of helium is the higher speed of sound in helium than in other buffer gases.