bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A lattice-theoretic characterization of pure subgroups of Abelian groups
Authors: Ferrara M. , Trombetti M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLet G be an abelian group. The aim of this short paper is to describe a way to identify pure subgroups H of G by looking only at how the subgroup lattice $$\mathcal {L}(H)$$

L
(
H
)

embeds in $$\mathcal {L}(G)$$

L
(
G
)

. It is worth noticing that all results are carried out in a local nilpotent context for a general definition of purity.
Association between different obesity phenotypes and hypothyroidism: a study based on a longitudinal health management cohort
Authors: Wang Yupeng , Lin Haiyan , Li Qihang , Guan Liying , Zhao Meng , Zhong Fang , Liu Jing , Yuan Zhongshang , Guo Honglin , Song Yongfeng , Gao Ling , Zhao Jiajun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Obese individuals have an increased risk of hypothyroidism. This study investigated the sex-specific association between obesity phenotypes and the development of hypothyroidism.

Methods
The study population was derived from a health management cohort in Shandong Provincial Hospital from 2012 to 2016. In total, 9011 baseline euthyroid adults were included and classified into four groups according to obesity phenotype: metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy nonobese (MUNO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). The median follow-up time was 1.92 (1.00–2.17) years. Incidence density was evaluated and a generalized estimation equation method was used to investigate the associations between obesity phenotypes and the development of hypothyroidism.

Results
The incidence densities of hypothyroidism in males with a consistent obesity phenotype were 12.19 (8.62–16.76), 15.87 (11.39–21.56), 14.52 (6.74–27.57), and 19.88 (14.06–27.34) per 1000 person-years in the MHNO, MHO, MUNO, and MUO groups, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with the MHNO phenotype, the MHO, MUNO, and MUO phenotypes were independent risk factors for developing hypothyroidism in males. In the subgroup analysis, the MHO and MUO phenotypes were independent risk factors for developing hypothyroidism in males under 55 years, while the MUNO phenotype was an independent risk factor in males over 55 years. The MHO, MUNO, and MUO phenotypes were not independent risk factors for hypothyroidism in females.

Conclusion
Both obesity and metabolic abnormities are associated with a higher risk of hypothyroidism in males. The underlying mechanism of the sex and age differences in this association needs further investigation.
Comparability and Validity of the Online and In-Person Administrations of the Inventory of Problems-29
Authors: Giromini Luciano , Pignolo Claudia , Young Gerald , Drogin Eric Y. , Zennaro Alessandro , Viglione Donald J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile the psychometric equivalence of computerized versus paper-and-pencil administration formats has been documented for some tests, so far very few studies have focused on the comparability and validity of test scores obtained via in-person versus remote administrations, and none of them have researched a symptom validity test (SVT). To contribute to fill this gap in the literature, we investigated the scores of the Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29) generated by various administration formats. More specifically, Study 1 evaluated the equivalence of scores from nonclinical individuals administered the IOP-29 remotely (n = 146) versus in-person via computer (n = 140) versus in-person via paper-and-pencil format (n = 140). Study 2 reviewed published IOP-29 studies conducted using remote/online versus in-person, paper-and-pencil test administrations to determine if remote testing could adversely influence the validity of IOP-29 test results. Taken together, our findings suggest that the effectiveness of the IOP-29 is preserved when alternating between face-to-face and online/remote formats.
Hydrogeochemistry characteristics of groundwater and health risk assessment in Yalvaç–Gelendost basin (Turkey)
Authors: Davraz Ayşen , Batur Burcu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, hydrogeochemical processes controlling groundwater chemistry and groundwater quality were investigated. Drinking water is supplied from groundwater (mostly spring and well water) in the study area. The various parameters such as physicochemical parameters, major ions, trace elements and nitrogen derivatives of groundwater samples of were analyzed. These analysis results are compared with drinking water standards for suitability and it does not exceed the permissible limit values, except for the As and F contents of some samples. The results of major ion chemistry of groundwater in the Yalvaç–Gelendost basin suggest that the silicate weathering and ion exchange are the main controlling hydrogeochemical processes in the variation of groundwater quality. The water types are Ca–Mg–HCO3, Mg–Ca–HCO3 and Ca–HCO3 in the basin.Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment associated with arsenic, nitrate and fluoride was assessed by oral (ingestion) and dermal pathways for adult and child. For child, hazard coefficient and hazard index values are less than 1, and a negative effect on usage as drinking water and dermal (skin contact) absorption not expected. But, potential non-carcinogenic effect with oral intake is likely to occur for some water samples for adults. In addition, carcinogenic risk of As element was evaluated for adults and child related to oral and dermal effect. The carcinogenic risk of As through oral intake may pose health risks for children. For adults, it has been determined that water ingestion with dermal exposure may cause cancer. Arsenic is the main toxic element for human health in the study area. The content of As decreases in seasonal water samples. In this case, the negative effect of arsenic intake with ingestion and dermal pathways on health decreases.
Spectral Gap of the Largest Eigenvalue of the Normalized Graph Laplacian
Authors: Jost Jürgen , Mulas Raffaella , Münch Florentin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe offer a new method for proving that the maxima eigenvalue of the normalized graph Laplacian of a graph with n vertices is at least $$\frac{n+1}{n-1}$$

n
+
1

n
-
1

provided the graph is not complete and that equality is attained if and only if the complement graph is a single edge or a complete bipartite graph with both parts of size $$\frac{n-1}{2}$$

n
-
1

2

. With the same method, we also prove a new lower bound to the largest eigenvalue in terms of the minimum vertex degree, provided this is at most $$\frac{n-1}{2}$$

n
-
1

2

.
Multi-objective rain optimization algorithm with WELM model for customer churn prediction in telecommunication sector
Authors: Pustokhina Irina V. , Pustokhin Denis A. , Nguyen Phong Thanh , Elhoseny Mohamed , Shankar K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCustomer retention is a major challenge in several business sectors and diverse companies identify the customer churn prediction (CCP) as an important process for retaining the customers. CCP in the telecommunication sector has become an essential need owing to a rise in the number of the telecommunication service providers. Recently, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models have begun to develop effective CCP model. This paper presents a new improved synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) with optimal weighted extreme machine learning (OWELM) called the ISMOTE-OWELM model for CCP. The presented model comprises preprocessing, balancing the unbalanced dataset, and classification. The multi-objective rain optimization algorithm (MOROA) is used for two purposes: determining the optimal sampling rate of SMOTE and parameter tuning of WELM. Initially, the customer data involve data normalization and class labeling. Then, the ISMOTE is employed to handle the imbalanced dataset where the rain optimization algorithm (ROA) is applied to determine the optimal sampling rate. At last, the WELM model is applied to determine the class labels of the applied data. Extensive experimentation is carried out to ensure the ISMOTE-OWELM model against the CCP Telecommunication dataset. The simulation outcome portrayed that the ISMOTE-OWELM model is superior to other models with the accuracy of 0.94, 0.92, 0.909 on the applied dataset I, II, and III, respectively.
US Obesity Mortality Trends and Associated Noncommunicable Diseases Contributing Conditions Among White, Black, and Hispanic Individuals by Age from 1999 to 2017
Authors: de Cosio Federico Gerardo , Diaz-Apodaca Beatriz , Baker Amanda , Cifuentes Miriam Patricia , Ojeda-Casares Hector , Constandce Daniel , Becerra Francisco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study aims to assess the effect of obesity as an underlying cause of death in association with four main noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) as contributing causes of mortality on the age of death in White, Black, and Hispanic individuals in the USA. To estimate mortality hazard ratios, we ran a Cox regression on the US National Center for Health Statistics mortality integrated datasets from 1999 to 2017, which included almost 48 million cases. The variable in the model was the age of death in years as a proxy for time to death. The cause-of-death variable allowed for the derivation of predictor variables of obesity and the four main NCDs. The overall highest obesity mortality HR when associated with NCD contributing conditions for the year 1999–2017 was diabetes (2.15; 95% CI: 2.11–2.18), while Whites had the highest HR (2.46; 95% CI: 2.41–2.51) when compared with Black (1.32; 95% CI: 1.27–1.38) and Hispanics (1.25; 95% CI: 1.18–1.33). Hispanics had lower mortality HR for CVD (1.21; 95% CI: 1.15–1.27) and diabetes (1.25; 95% CI: 1.18–1.33) of the three studied groups. The obesity death mean was 57.3 years for all groups. People who die from obesity are, on average, 15.4 years younger than those without obesity. Although Hispanics in the USA have a higher prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), they also have the lowest mortality HR for obesity as an underlying cause of death when associated with CVD and cancer. While there is no obvious solution for obesity and its complications, continued efforts to address obesity are needed.
National Population Study of the Effect of Structure and Process on Outcomes of Digit Replantation
Authors: Hsu Chung-Chen , Malay Sunitha , Chen Jung-Sheng , Loh Charles Yuen Yung , Lin Yu-Te , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
Surgeon experience, hospital volume, and teaching hospital status may play a role in the success of digit replantation. This study aims to analyze factors that influence digit replantation success rates.

STUDY DESIGN:
We examined patients with traumatic digit amputations, between 2000 and 2015, from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan, which comprises data of more than 99% of its population. We measured the number of traumatic digit amputations and success rate of replantation. Chi-square and ANOVA tests were used for descriptive statistics. Regression models were built to analyze the association among patient, surgeon, and hospital characteristics, and replant success.

RESULTS:
We identified 13,416 digit replantation patients using the eligibility criteria. The overall replantation failure rate was significantly higher in medium- and high-volume hospitals (low-volume: 11%, medium-volume: 17%, and high-volume: 15%, p < 0.001). Teaching hospitals had significantly higher replantation failure rates [(15.5% vs 7.6%), odds ratio (OR) 2.0; confidence interval (CI) 1.1–3.7]. Lower surgeon case volume resulted in a significantly higher failure rate in the thumb replantation (OR 0.89; CI 0.85–0.94).

CONCLUSIONS:
Teaching hospitals had greater odds of replantation failure, owing to being high volume centers and attempting more replantations. However, the effect of residents performing the replantation during their training should be considered. Teaching units are mandatory for resident training; however, a balance should be established to provide training, but with sufficient supervision to achieve optimal replant success. A national protocol to triage digit amputation cases to high volume centers with experienced microsurgeons will help improve the replantation success rate.
Gendered migration responses to drought in Malawi
Authors: Becerra-Valbuena Luis G. , Millock Katrin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMigration is a common means of adaptation to weather shocks. Previous research has identified heterogeneous effects according to age, sex, and wealth, but little is still known about how marriage-related institutions affect such migration. Relying on a quasi-experimental identification strategy, we analyze marriage- and work-related migration in Malawi following large droughts, separating the effects for female and male migrants according to different age groups. The analysis based on stated motives of migration reveals marginal decreases in marriage-related migration among girls, but increases in marriage-related migration within districts for women in older age groups. We also find large increases in work-related between-district migration for boys, and to a smaller extent also for girls following severe drought. The results add to the evidence of the potentially adverse effects of migration as a coping mechanism following drought when other means of insurance do not exist.
School-Based Education Programs for Preparing Children for Natural Hazards: A Systematic Review
Authors: Seddighi Hamed , Sajjadi Homeira , Yousefzadeh Sepideh , López López Mónica , Vameghi Meroe , Rafiey Hassan , Khankeh Hamidreza 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSchools have a significant role in disaster education to children. This study investigates the research works about school-based education programs in order to discover challenges and best practices. We conducted a systematic review of English language papers published in peer-review journals.The search identified 2577 publications and 61 articles meeting selection criteria and included in the review. Reviewed studies indicated that disaster education in schools is effective but yet insufficient in many countries. Lack of equipment, financial resources, policy gaps, and teachers’ knowledge are common problems in programs. Main outcomes of this systematic review are showing methods used for health emergency preparedness of children of different ages and gender differences in school-based disaster preparedness, as well as the difference in their lifesaving skills in disasters.This study shows that some disaster education programs reported in the papers reviewed were not high-quality enough, which may lead to insufficient preparedness of children in disasters and consequently may put their health at risk, considering the increasing number of natural hazards.
Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in autism research: literature review
Authors: Kowalewska B. , Drozdz W. , Kowalewski L. 
Published: April 2021

Background:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains a behaviourally defined condition. Its molecular basis is unknown; however, its prevalence has been increasing significantly. There have been several abnormalities in neurotransmitter systems reported in ASD. In our review, we described studies involving positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) that can provide useful and corroborative data.Method:We conducted a literature review by comprehensive database searching on EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, and PsychINFO looking for articles published since January 2009. Thirty-one studies were carefully selected – 22 PET studies and 9 SPECT studies – and reviewed by 2 independent researchers. References of the articles were also cross-checked.Results:Results of the studies, which mainly involve small groups of participants, are frequently inconclusive and often controversial due to the nature of ASD and its wide spectrum. Studies are conducted under different conditions and with poor control for confounding factors which creates difficulties in comparing the data.Conclusions:There is ongoing need to improve methodology of the studies involving molecular imaging in ASD. Lack of consistent findings causes difficulties in evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of the condition.
Caregivers' feeding practices in Ethiopia: association with caregiver and child characteristics
Authors: Gebru Nardos W. , Gebreyesus Seifu H. , Habtemariam Esete , Yirgu Robel , Abebe Dawit S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFeeding is a source of interaction and communication. It affects children's physical and psychological/emotional development. The present study aims to examine the association between caregiver and child characteristics and caregivers' feeding practices among preschools in Addis Ababa. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 542 caregivers of children aged between 3 and 6 years old in selected preschools. We used the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) to measure caregivers' feeding practices. Multiple linear regression was used for analysis. Caregivers who had higher levels of perceived feeding responsibility (β0⋅20,P< 0⋅001), who were more concerned about their child being overweight (β0⋅11,P< 0⋅001) and who had more depressive symptoms (β0⋅23,P0⋅05) were associated with food restriction practice. Caregivers who were less concerned about their child being overweight (β−0⋅10,P< 0⋅001) and who had higher levels of perceived feeding responsibility (β0⋅25,P< 0⋅001) were associated with pressure to eat practice. Caregivers who had higher education (β0⋅29,P< 0⋅05), who had higher levels of perceived feeding responsibility (β0⋅47,P< 0⋅001), who were more concerned about their child being overweight (β0⋅15,P< 0⋅001) and who were less concerned about their child underweight (β−0⋅06,P< 0⋅05) were associated with monitoring feeding practice. In addition, as the children have gotten older (β0⋅08,P< 0⋅05), there is increased use of monitoring feeding practice. This study is one of few studies that show the association between caregiver and child characteristics and feeding practices in developing countries such as Ethiopia. It is essential to include responsive feeding components in national nutritional programmes to improve preschool children's nutritional status in Ethiopia.
Exclusive jurisdiction clauses in international trust deeds
Authors: Arzandeh Ardavan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractJurisdiction clauses commonly feature in high-value international contracts. Recently, these clauses are also increasingly utilised in international trust instruments. At common law, a contentious issue vis-à-vis exclusive jurisdiction clauses in trust deeds has been whether they should be upheld in the same way as their contractual equivalents. Inobiterremarks inCrociani v Crociani, in 2014, the Privy Council stated that these clauses should be afforded less weight in trusts than in contracts. However, as this paper seeks to demonstrate, the reasoning underpinning the treatment of exclusive jurisdiction clauses in trust deeds in this manner is questionable. The paper's key contention is that exclusive jurisdiction clauses in trust deeds should be enforced in the same way as those in contracts. Accordingly, an exclusive jurisdiction clause in a trust instrument should be upheld, unless the claimant can establish a strong cause why the matter should be litigated elsewhere.
Distinguishing hypochondriasis and schizophrenia using regional homogeneity: a resting-state fMRI study and support vector machine analysis
Authors: Jin Kangyu , Shen Zhe , Feng Guoxun , Zhao Zhiyong , Lu Jing , Lyu Hailong , Pan Fen , Shang Desheng , Chen Jingkai , Hu Shaohua , Xu Dongrong , Huang Manli 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective:
A few former studies suggested there are partial overlaps in abnormal brain structure and cognitive function between Hypochondriasis (HS) and schizophrenia (SZ). But their differences in brain activity and cognitive function were unclear.

Methods:
21 HS patients, 23 SZ patients, and 24 healthy controls (HC) underwent Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) with the regional homogeneity analysis (ReHo), subsequently exploring the relationship between ReHo value and cognitive functions. The support vector machines (SVM) were used on effectiveness evaluation of ReHo for differentiating HS from SZ.

Results:
Compared with HC, HS showed significantly increased ReHo values in right middle temporal gyrus (MTG), left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) and right fusiform gyrus (FG), while SZ showed increased ReHo in left insula, decreased ReHo values in right paracentral lobule. Additionally, HS showed significantly higher ReHo values in FG, MTG and left paracentral lobule but lower in insula than SZ. The higher ReHo values in insula were associated with worse performance in MCCB in HS group. SVM analysis showed a combination of the ReHo values in insula and FG was able to satisfactorily distinguish the HS and SZ patients.

Conclusion:
our results suggested the altered default mode network (DMN), of which abnormal spontaneous neural activity occurs in multiple brain regions, might play a key role in the pathogenesis of HS, and the resting-state alterations of insula closely related to cognitive dysfunction in HS. Furthermore, the combination of the ReHo in FG and insula was a relatively ideal indicator to distinguish HS from SZ.
From dust till drowned: the Holocene landscape development at Norderney, East Frisian Islands
Authors: Schlütz Frank , Enters Dirk , Bittmann Felix 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWithin the multidisciplinary WASA project, 160 cores up to 5 m long have been obtained from the back-barrier area and off the coast of the East Frisian island of Norderney. Thirty-seven contained basal peats on top of Pleistocene sands of the formerGeestand 10 of them also had intercalated peats. Based on 100 acclerator mass spectrometry (AMS)14C dates and analyses of botanical as well as zoological remains from the peats, lagoonal sediments and the underlying sands, a variety of distinct habitats have been reconstructed. On the relatively steep slopes north of the present island, a swampy vegetation fringe several kilometres wide with carrs of alder (Alnus glutinosa) moved in front of the rising sea upwards of theGeestas it existed then until roughly 6 ka, when the sea level reached the current back-barrier region of Norderney at around −6 m NHN (German ordnance datum). From then on for nearly 4000 years a changing landscape with a mosaic of freshwater lakes and fens existed within this area. It was characterised by various stands ofCladium mariscus(fen sedge), alternating with brackish reed beds withPhragmites australis(common reed) and salt meadows withAster tripolium(sea aster),Triglochin maritima(sea arrowgrass),Juncus gerardii(saltmarsh rush) as well as mudflats withSalicornia europaea(common glasswort). As far as shown by our cores, this highly diverse, and for humans potentially attractive landscape was at least some 4 km wide and followed the coast for about 10 km. Before the rising sea caused diversification of habitats, wet heath as well as dry and dusty sand areas existed. In the course of time, parts of the wet heath turned into raisedSphagnumbogs under an oceanic precipitation regime before this diverse landscape was drowned by the rising sea and finally covered by marine sediments, while the earlier sediments and peats were partly eroded and redeposited.