bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of rumen and oral microbiota in calves is influenced by age and time of weaning
Authors: Amin Nida , Schwarzkopf Sarah , Kinoshita Asako , Tröscher-Mußotter Johanna , Dänicke Sven , Camarinha-Silva Amélia , Huber Korinna , Frahm Jana , Seifert Jana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe rumen bacterial communities are changing dynamically throughout the first year of calf’s life including the weaning period as a critical event. Rumen microbiome analysis is often limited to invasive rumen sampling procedures but the oral cavity of ruminants is expected to harbour rumen microbes due to regurgitation activity. The present study used buccal swab samples to define the rumen core microbiome and characterize the shifts in rumen and oral microbial communities occurring as result of calf’s age as well as time of weaning.ResultsBuccal swab samples of 59 calves were collected along the first 140 days of life and compared to stomach tubing sample of the rumen at day 140. Animals were randomly divided into two weaning groups. Microbiota of saliva and rumen content was analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Our study showed that most rumen-specific bacterial taxa were equally observed in rumen samples as well as in the buccal swabs, though relative abundance varied. The occurrence of rumen-specific OTUs in buccal swab samples increased approximately 1.7 times from day 70 to day 140, indicating the gradual development of rumen as calf aged. The rumen-specific bacterial taxa diversity increased, and inter-animal variations decreased with age. Early weaning (7 weeks of age) rapidly increased the rumen microbial diversity from pre- to post-weaned state. Rumen microbiota of early-weaned calves seemed to have a suppressed growth of starch- and carbohydrate-utilizing bacteria and increased fibre degraders. Whereas, in late-weaned calves (17 weeks of age) no impact of dietary modifications on rumen microbiota composition was observed after weaning. Oral-specific bacterial community composition was significantly affected by calf’s age and time of weaning.ConclusionsThe present study showed the significant impact of calf’s age and weaning on the establishment of rumen- and oral-specific bacterial communities utilizing buccal swab samples. The results emphasize the possibility of using buccal swab samples as a replacement of complex stomach tube method for large-scale predictive studies on ruminants. For in-depth rumen microbiome studies, the time of sampling should be carefully considered using an active phase of regurgitation.
Evaluation of immediate impact of Faculty Development Programme using a pretest–post-test study design format
Authors: Hassan Shahid , Venkateswaran Sunil Pazhayanur , Nadarajah Vishna Devi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundWorkshops are the most common models to enhance knowledge and skills in a specific subject area with an intent to explore, solve a problem and/or innovate new things. The most important aspect of a workshop is the transfer of knowledge in a safe learning environment as a faculty development activity (FDA). At International Medical University (IMU), Malaysia’s first private medical university which was established in 1992, Faculty Development Programmes (FDPs) are run throughout the year in order to enhance the knowledge and skills in teaching and assessment. In order to sustain this faculty development, IMU has a dedicated medical education unit called the IMU Centre of Education (ICE) with dedicated staff and respected faculty developers who are academic role models to the faculty of the institution. However, FDA are collaboratively run by ICE and IMU Centre for lifelong learning (ICL).ObjectivesTo determine the immediate impact of faculty development workshops for health professionals in teaching schools of IMU to enhance the teaching and assessment abilities of the faculty.MethodologyA retrospective quantitative research design was developed to collect data from multiple standard setting workshops using a 3-point Likert scale. A 20 items questionnaire as a pretest from the participants with and without the prior reading of online posted reading materials. An interventional hands-on workshop and a post-test score, using the same 20 items questionnaire, followed the workshop intervention. A collated quantitative data were gathered from a sample of 139 participants attending the standard setting workshops. Data were analysed using pairedttest, one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA with effect size in SPSS version 24.ResultsA mean difference between pretest and post-test score was significant att(138) = 92.24,p < 0.01. A barely significant difference of mean scores between pre-read, partially read and not-read participants was found atF(1, 136) = 9.402,p =  < 0.05 andη2 = 0.121 by one-way ANOVA. A post-test difference of the mean scores across those read, partially read and not-read for reading materials on a controlled pretest score determined by one-way ANCOVA remained non-significant atF(1, 136) = 0.240,p = 0.787 associated with a practical effect size = 0.4% only.ConclusionA significant difference of the mean pretest and post-test score within the group was also significant between the groups. A post-test score, controlling on pretest score, was found not significant and is suggestive of an effectively delivered workshop for all participants. As a practical guide, a 7-step plan is recommended to ensure immediate impact of FDP. Majority of the participants rated the workshop as good in terms of content, organisation, delivery and usefulness. A high percentage of survey respondents reported that similar workshops to be offered in future.
Increasing risk-concordant cardiovascular care in diverse health systems: a mixed methods pragmatic stepped wedge cluster randomized implementation trial of shared decision making (SDM4IP)
Authors: Ridgeway Jennifer L. , Branda Megan E. , Gravholt Derek , Brito Juan P. , Hargraves Ian G. , Hartasanchez Sandra A. , Leppin Aaron L. , Gomez Yvonne L. , Mann Devin M. , Nautiyal Vivek , Thomas Randal J. , Behnken Emma M. , Torres Roldan Victor D. , Shah Nilay D. , Khurana Charanjit S. , Montori Victor M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The primary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) events is often less intense in persons at higher CV risk and vice versa. Clinical practice guidelines recommend that clinicians and patients use shared decision making (SDM) to arrive at an effective and feasible prevention plan that is congruent with each person’s CV risk and informed preferences. However, SDM does not routinely happen in practice. This study aims to integrate into routine care an SDM decision tool (CV Prevention Choice) at three diverse healthcare systems in the USA and study strategies that foster its adoption and routine use.

Methods
This is a mixed method, hybrid type III stepped wedge cluster randomized study to estimate (a) the effectiveness of implementation strategies on SDM uptake and utilization and (b) the extent to which SDM results in prevention plans that are risk-congruent. Formative evaluation methods, including clinician and stakeholder interviews and surveys, will identify factors likely to impact feasibility, acceptability, and adoption of CV Prevention Choice as well as normalization of CV Prevention Choice in routine care. Implementation facilitation will be used to tailor implementation strategies to local needs, and implementation strategies will be systematically adjusted and tracked for assessment and refinement. Electronic health record data will be used to assess implementation and effectiveness outcomes, including CV Prevention Choice reach, adoption, implementation, maintenance, and effectiveness (measured as risk-concordant care plans). A sample of video-recorded clinical encounters and patient surveys will be used to assess fidelity. The study employs three theoretical approaches: a determinant framework that calls attention to categories of factors that may foster or inhibit implementation outcomes (the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research), an implementation theory that guides explanation or understanding of causal influences on implementation outcomes (Normalization Process Theory), and an evaluation framework (RE-AIM).

Discussion
By the project’s end, we expect to have (a) identified the most effective implementation strategies to embed SDM in routine practice and (b) estimated the effectiveness of SDM to achieve feasible and risk-concordant CV prevention in primary care.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04450914. Posted June 30, 2020

Trial status
This study received ethics approval on April 17, 2020. The current trial protocol is version 2 (approved February 17, 2021). The first subject had not yet been enrolled at the time of submission.
Sibling Similarity in Education Across and Within Societies
Authors: Grätz Michael , Barclay Kieron J. , Wiborg Øyvind N. , Lyngstad Torkild H. , Karhula Aleksi , Erola Jani , Präg Patrick , Laidley Thomas , Conley Dalton 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe extent to which siblings resemble each other measures the omnibus impact of family background on life chances. We study sibling similarity in cognitive skills, school grades, and educational attainment in Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We also compare sibling similarity by parental education and occupation within these societies. The comparison of sibling correlations across and within societies allows us to characterize the omnibus impact of family background on education across social landscapes. Across countries, we find larger population-level differences in sibling similarity in educational attainment than in cognitive skills and school grades. In general, sibling similarity in education varies less across countries than sibling similarity in earnings. Compared with Scandinavian countries, the United States shows more sibling similarity in cognitive skills and educational attainment but less sibling similarity in school grades. We find that socioeconomic differences in sibling similarity vary across parental resources, countries, and measures of educational success. Sweden and the United States show greater sibling similarity in educational attainment in families with a highly educated father, and Finland and Norway show greater sibling similarity in educational attainment in families with a low-educated father. We discuss the implications of our results for theories about the impact of institutions and income inequality on educational inequality and the mechanisms that underlie such inequality.
Metabolic Depression During Environmental Stress: The Role of Extracellular Versus Intracellular pH in Sipunculus Nudus
Authors: Reipschläger A. , Pörtner H. O. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Environmental stresses such as hypoxia or hypercapnia are known to cause acid–base disturbances and in several organisms they lead to metabolic depression. The present study was undertaken to quantify the influence of these changes in acid–base parameters on metabolic rate. We determined the rate of oxygen consumption in a non-perfused preparation of the body wall musculature of the marine worm Sipunculus nudus at various levels of extra- and intracellular pH (pHe and pHi, respectively), and [HCO3-]. The acid–base status of the tissue was modified and clamped by long-term exposure to media set to specific values of extracellular pH, and [HCO3-]. At a pHe of 7.90, which is equivalent to the normoxic normocapnic in vivo extracellular pH, and an ambient of 0.03 kPa (control conditions), pHi was 7.26±0.02 (mean ± S.D., N=5). A reduction of extracellular pH from 7.90 to 7.20 resulted in a significant decrease of pHi to 7.17±0.05 at 0.03 kPa (normocapnia) and to 7.20±0.02 at 1.01 kPa (hypercapnia). At the same time, the rate of oxygen consumption of the tissue was significantly depressed by 18.7±4.7 % and 17.7±3.0 %, respectively. A significant depression of oxygen consumption by 13.7±4.7 % also occurred under hypercapnia at pHe 7.55 when pHi was elevated above control values (7.32±0.01). No significant changes in oxygen consumption were observed when pHe was either drastically elevated to 8.70 under normocapnia (pHi 7.36±0.05) or maintained at 7.90 during hypercapnia (pHi 7.37±0.03). ATP and phospho-L-arginine concentrations, as well as the Gibbs free energy change of ATP hydrolysis (dG/dξATP), were maintained at high levels during all treatments, indicating an equilibrium between energy supply and demand. We conclude that the depression of aerobic energy turnover in isolated body wall musculature of S. nudus is induced by low extracellular pH. A model is proposed which could explain a reduced ATP cost of pHi regulation during extracellular acidosis, thus contributing to metabolic depression.
Radiological features of central giant cell granuloma: comparative study of 7 cases and literature review
Authors: Shrestha Samip , Zhang Jia , Yan Jun , Zeng Xiaomin , Peng Xiaoyong , He Bo 
Published: April 2021

Objective:To review and analyze the clinical and imaging features of central giant cell granuloma patients and to review the relevant literatures for the diagnosis and clinical manifestation of central giant cell granuloma.Methods:Seven cases of central giant cell granuloma were retrospectively selected for the study, all of which were confirmed by pathology and had relevant imaging investigations. All seven cases had undergone CT scan, three cases had undergone MRI scan. Detailed clinical features were compared along with the imaging findings and analysis was done on the basis of their presentation and imaging features.Results:The clinical features, radiologic features were varied according to the site of the lesion. CT features include unevenly dense expansile mass causing bone destruction and cortical thinning. While MRI features with low to iso-intensity in T1- and T2weighted images. There may be presence of cystic degeneration, hemorrhage or hemosiderin deposits or osteoid formation, which can cause T1 and T2 signal changes. On contrast study, the lesion doesn’t enhance but periphery may enhance mildly.Conclusion:Unevenly dense expansile mass with bone destruction and cortical thinning with low to iso-intensity in T1weighted and T2weighted images and mildly enhance peripherally, Central giant cell granuloma should be considered.
The impact of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute data: analyzing published articles that used BioLINCC open access data
Authors: AlRyalat Saif Aldeen , El Khatib Osama , Al-qawasmi Ola , Alkasrawi Hadeel , al Zu’bi Raneem , Abu-Halaweh Maram , alkanash Yara , Habash Ibrahim 
Published: April 2021

Background: Data sharing is now a mandatory prerequisite for several major funders and journals, where researchers are obligated to deposit the data resulting from their studies in an openly accessible repository. Biomedical open data are now widely available in almost all disciplines, where researchers can freely access and reuse these data in new studies. We aim to study the BioLINCC datasets, number of publications that used BioLINCC open access data, and the impact of these publications through the citations they received. Methods: As of July 2019, there was a total of 194 datasets stored in BioLINCC repository and accessible through their portal. We requested the full list of publications that used these datasets from BioLINCC, and we also performed a supplementary PubMed search for other publications. We used Web of Science (WoS) to analyze the characteristics of publications and the citations they received, where WoS database index high quality articles. Results: 1,086 published articles used data from BioLINCC repository for 79 (40.72%) datasets, where 115 (59.28%) datasets didn’t have any publications associated with it. Of the total publications, 987 (90.88%) articles were WoS indexed. The number of publications has steadily increased since 2002 and peaked in 2018 with a total number of 138 publications on that year. The 987 open data publications received a total of 34,181 citations up to 1 st October 2019. The average citation per item for the open data publications was 34.63. The total number of citations received by open data publications per year has increased from only 2 citations in 2002, peaking in 2018 with 2361 citations. Conclusion: Majority of BioLINCC datasets were not used in secondary publications. Despite that, the datasets used for secondary publications yielded publications in WoS indexed journals and are receiving an increasing number of citations.
High-efficiency conversion from waveguide mode to an on-chip beam using a metamaterial engineered Bragg deflector
Authors: Hadij-ElHouati Abdelfettah , Cheben Pavel , Ortega-Moñux Alejandro , Wangüemert-Pérez J. Gonzalo , Halir Robert , de-Oliva-Rubio José , Schmid Jens H. , Molina-Fernández Iñigo 
Published: April 2021

Diffraction gratings that redirect light propagating in a channel waveguide to an on-chip slab are emerging as important building blocks in integrated photonics. Such distributed Bragg deflectors enable precise shaping of slab confined beams for a variety of applications, including wavelength multiplexing, optical phased array feeding, and coupling interfaces for on-chip point-to-point communications. However, these deflectors suffer from significant losses caused by off-chip radiation. In this Letter, we show, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that off-chip radiation can be dramatically reduced by using the single-beam phase matching condition and subwavelength metamaterial refractive index engineering. We present a deflector design with losses below 0.3 dB, opening a path toward new applications of distributed Bragg deflectors in integrated photonics.
2.3  W monolithic fiber laser operating in the visible
Authors: Lord Marie-Pier , Fortin Vincent , Maes Frédéric , Talbot Lauris , Bernier Martin , Vallée Réal 
Published: April 2021

We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first monolithic visible fiber laser pumped by a pigtailed diode. The robust cavity design proposed is based on a highly reflective fiber Bragg grating spliced to a double-clad praseodymium-doped fiber. The laser signal generated at 635.5 nm is single-mode, has a FWHM bandwidth of 0.16 nm, and reaches a maximum cw output power of 2.3 W. This demonstration breaks ground for the development of reliable high-power visible fiber lasers.
Innovation von datengetriebenen Geschäftsmodellen
Authors: Förster Matthias , Bansemir Bastian , Roth Angela 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung ist die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Unternehmen zunehmend von der Fähigkeit abhängig, datengetriebene Geschäftsmodelle zu innovieren. Jedoch stellt dies Unternehmen vor große Herausforderungen, und so bleiben datengetriebene Geschäftsmodelle nach der Implementierung am Markt nicht selten hinter den Erwartungen an die Wertrealisierung, z. B. in Form von Umsatz oder Kosteneinsparung zurück. Dies liegt insbesondere daran, dass sich wertrealisierende oder wertmindernde Einflussfaktoren häufig erst nach der Implementierung am Markt zeigen. Unternehmen fehlen hier konkrete Vorgehensmodelle, um gezielt diesen Einflussfaktoren zu begegnen und datengetriebene Geschäftsmodellinnovationen erfolgreich umzusetzen. Die vorliegende Studie greift diese Thematik auf und entwickelt im Rahmen eines Design Science Forschungsansatzes ein interview- und workshopbasiertes Vorgehensmodell, welches Praktiker bei der Realisierung von Werten bei der Implementierung von datengetriebenen Geschäftsmodellen unterstützt. Die beispielhafte Anwendung des Vorgehensmodells im Rahmen von fünf datengetriebenen Geschäftsmodellen eines deutschen Premiumautomobilherstellers zeigt, dass dadurch wertmindernde und wertrealisierende Einflussfaktoren identifiziert und bewertet werden können. Zudem können eine fachbereichsübergreifende Definition von Wertrealisierung, ein holistisches Verständnis über die entscheidenden Einflussfaktoren und ihre Hebelwirkung sowie Kenntnisse über kausale Zusammenhänge zwischen zu ergreifenden Maßnahmen und der Wertrealisierung entwickelt werden. Auch die Verteilung begrenzter Unternehmensressourcen für die Umsetzung von Maßnahmen in Relation zu deren Effekten wird explizit berücksichtigt.
Development of a severity of disease score and classification model by machine learning for hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Marcos Miguel , Belhassen-García Moncef , Sánchez-Puente Antonio , Sampedro-Gomez Jesús , Azibeiro Raúl , Dorado-Díaz Pedro-Ignacio , Marcano-Millán Edgar , García-Vidal Carolina , Moreiro-Barroso María-Teresa , Cubino-Bóveda Noelia , Pérez-García María-Luisa , Rodríguez-Alonso Beatriz , Encinas-Sánchez Daniel , Peña-Balbuena Sonia , Sobejano-Fuertes Eduardo , Inés Sandra , Carbonell Cristina , López-Parra Miriam , Andrade-Meira Fernanda , López-Bernús Amparo , Lorenzo Catalina , Carpio Adela , Polo-San-Ricardo David , Sánchez-Hernández Miguel-Vicente , Borrás Rafael , Sagredo-Meneses Víctor , Sanchez Pedro-Luis , Soriano Alex , Martín-Oterino José-Ángel 
Published: April 2021

Background
Efficient and early triage of hospitalized Covid-19 patients to detect those with higher risk of severe disease is essential for appropriate case management.

Methods
We trained, validated, and externally tested a machine-learning model to early identify patients who will die or require mechanical ventilation during hospitalization from clinical and laboratory features obtained at admission. A development cohort with 918 Covid-19 patients was used for training and internal validation, and 352 patients from another hospital were used for external testing. Performance of the model was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity.

Results
A total of 363 of 918 (39.5%) and 128 of 352 (36.4%) Covid-19 patients from the development and external testing cohort, respectively, required mechanical ventilation or died during hospitalization. In the development cohort, the model obtained an AUC of 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 0.87) for predicting severity of disease progression. Variables ranked according to their contribution to the model were the peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio, age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, updated Charlson comorbidity index and lymphocytes. In the external testing cohort, the model performed an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.85). This model is deployed in an open source calculator, in which Covid-19 patients at admission are individually stratified as being at high or non-high risk for severe disease progression.

Conclusions
This machine-learning model, applied at hospital admission, predicts risk of severe disease progression in Covid-19 patients.