bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Observation and Retrospective Analysis of the Effect of Comprehensive Treatment on Hepatic Hemangiomas in HR Positive Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Tan Linyan , Hu Manting , Sun Wenjing , Huang Saijun , Tian Yue , Ye Younan , Li Na , Liu Yang , Liu Dequan , Yan Chenxi , Nian YinHua , Wang Xi , Duan Yiyong , Chen Wenlin , Ge Fei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To retrospectively assess the size change of hepatic hemangiomas（HH） in hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer patients after comprehensive treatment. Methods: Totally 364 confirmed invasive breast cancer cases with HH were diagnosed at the Breast Cancer Center of Yunnan Cancer Hospital in 2013-2018 by abdominal color Doppler ultrasound (ADUS) + contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and at least one upper abdominal CT imaging examination. Follow-up was 6-78 months, and changes in location, number and size of HH at different treatment stages were compared between the HR+ and 85 HR- groups. Subgroup analysis of patients receiving chemotherapy and endocrine therapy was also performed. Results: Totally 323 patients were enrolled, including 238 HR+ (73.7%) and 85 HR- (26.3%) cases. Changes in the longest diameter were similar in both groups (P=0.556), and size change of HH was not associated with axillary lymph node metastasis of breast cancer (P>0.05). HH showed no change during chemotherapy but was significantly enlarged after chemotherapy (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the tamoxifen (TAM; endocrine drug) only and combination or sequential endocrine treatment (P>0.05) groups. Only the aromatase inhibitor group showed statistical significance (P<0.05) in the AI (letrozole, anastrozole and exemestane) group at the t1 time point. Conclusion: During chemotherapy and endocrine therapy for breast cancer patients with HH, the size of HH changes in some patients, while others develop new HH. No significant effect on size change of HH was observed in this study.
Comparison of The Effects of Methylphenidate Plus Betahistine and Methylphenidate Plus Placebo on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
Authors: Gheshlagh Reza Ghanei , Nourbehesht Sajedeh , Andalibi Pedram , Ghaderi Ebrahim , Yousefi Fayegh , Mohammadzadeh Soleiman , Rezaei Farzin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder during childhood that leads to impairment in functioning in academic and career domains and social responsibility. Methylphenidate is a common treatment for ADHD that may not be taken by patients due to its complications. The goal of the present study is to examine and compare the effects of Methylphenidate plus Betahistine and Methylphenidate plus placebo on ADHD in Children.Methods: This was a randomized double-blind clinical trial with control group conducted with 76 children with ADHD referred to Be’sat Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran in 2019. The data was collected using the demographic form, a researcher-made form for assessing the reported complications of Methylphenidate and Betahistine, ADHD Rating Scale and the Clinical Global Impression – Severity scale (CGI-S).Results: There was no age difference between the two experimental groups. Both groups experienced a reduction in intensity of ADHD symptoms according to mean scores, but there was more reduction in the Methylphenidate plus Betahistine than the other group. The most common complications in the two groups were lack of appetite (weeks 2 and 4) and agitation and vertigo (week 2).Conclusion: Betahistine plus Methylphenidate may be more effective in treating ADHD symptoms compared to Methylphenidate alone.
Interest of Fluvoxamine as an Add-on to Clozapine in Children With Severe Psychiatric Disorder According to CYPs Polymorphisms: Experience From a Case Series
Authors: BEREL Camille , MOSSE Ulysse RIOT , Wils Julien , Cousin Lauriane , Imbert Laurent , Gerardin Priscille , Chaumette Boris , Lamoureux Fabien , Ferrafiat Vladimir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDespite its drastic efficacy in resistant psychiatric disorders, clozapine remains rarely used in youth due to its side effects. Clozapine plasma level is determined through its metabolism involving several isoforms of cytochromes 450 (CYP450) family. Isoform CYP1A2 appears as a limiting enzyme involved in the metabolism of clozapine while isoforms 2C19, 2D6, 3A4 and 3A5 also contribute in a minor way. Clozapine efficacy is limited by a significant inter-patient variability in exposure according to CYP’s polymorphisms. Clozapine plasma levels may be increased with CYP inhibitors such as fluvoxamine. This drug is a potent enzymatic inhibitor of CYP1A2 and to a lesser extent of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Hence, in case of CYPs polymorphisms in youth, the use of fluvoxamine as add on to clozapine could help reaching clinical and biological efficacy and allowing lower clozapine dosage and a better tolerance profile, as it has already been described in adults.Case ReportWe report four pediatric cases with severe psychiatric disorders underlying our experience with CYPs polymorphism explorations and the use of fluvoxamine as add on to clozapine. Our four patients clinically improved after the introduction of fluvoxamine, enhancing clozapine metabolism and therefore clozapine plasma level within therapeutic range. Despite the interesting results of fluvoxamine, we report a severe issue of tolerance for one patient, emphasizing the need for caution regarding possible drugs interactions when fluvoxamine is considered. Hence, we propose a detailed step by step multidisciplinary protocol.ConlusionThe results pointed out the positive clinical effects of fluvoxamine as add-on to clozapine in youth with severe neurodevelopmental disorders but stresses the need for caution regarding drugs interactions.
The Treatment of Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a High HIV Prevalence Population
Authors: Brogden Danielle , Khoo Christopher , Kontovounisios Christos , Pellino Gianluca , Chong Irene , Tait Diana , Warren Oliver , Bower Mark , Tekkis Paris , Mills Sarah 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare cancer that has a rapidly increasing incidence in areas with highly developed economies. ASCC is strongly associated with HIV and there appears to be increasing numbers of younger male persons living with HIV (PLWH) diagnosed with ASCC in Greater London. This is a retrospective cohort study of HIV positive and HIV negative patients diagnosed with primary ASCC between January 2000 and January 2020 in a demographic group with high prevalence rates of HIV. 176 patients were included, and clinical data was retrieved from multiple, prospective databases. A clinical subgroup was identified in this cohort of younger HIV positive males who were more likely to have had a prior diagnosis of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (AIN). Gender and HIV status had no effect on staging or disease-free survival. PLWH were more likely to develop a recurrence (p < 0.000) but had a longer time to recurrence than HIV negative patients, however this was not statistically significant (46.1 months vs. 17.5 months; p = 0.077). Patients known to have a previous diagnosis of AIN were more likely to have earlier staging and local tumour excision but there was no identifiable survival benefit in this cohort. Five-year Disease-Free Survival was associated with tumour size and the absence of nodal or metastatic disease (p < 0.000).
The Spatiotemporal Interaction Effect of COVID-19 Transmission in the United States
Authors: Liu Lingbo , Hu Tao , Bao Shuming , Wu Hao , Peng Zhenghong , Wang Ru 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background: Human mobility among geographic units is a possible cause of the widespread transmission of COVID-19 across regions. Due to the pressure of epidemic control and economic recovery, the states of the United States have adopted different policies for mobility limitations. Assessing the impact of these policies on the spatiotemporal interaction of COVID-19 transmission among counties in each state is critical to formulating the epidemic policies.Methods: The study utilized Moran’s I index and K-means clustering to investigate the time-varying spatial autocorrelation effect of 49 states (except the District of Colombia) with the daily new cases at the county level from Jan 22, 2020, to August 20, 2020. Based on the dynamic spatial lag model (SLM) and the SIR model with unreported infection rate (SIRu), the integrated SLM-SIRu model was constructed to estimate the inter-county spatiotemporal interaction coefficient of daily new cases in each state, which was further explored by Pearson correlation and stepwise OLS regression with socioeconomic factors.Results: The K-means clustering divided the time-varying spatial autocorrelation curves of 49 states into four types: continuous increasing, fluctuating increasing, weak positive, and weak negative. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the spatiotemporal interaction coefficients in each state estimated by SLM-SIRu were significantly positively correlated with median age, population density, and the proportion of international immigrants and the highly educated population, but negatively correlated with the birth rate. The voting rate for Donald Trump in the 2016 U.S. presidential election showed a weak negative correlation. Further stepwise OLS regression retained only three positive correlated variables: poverty rate, population density, and the highly educated population proportion.Interpretation: This result suggests that various state policies in the U.S. have imposed different impacts on COVID-19 transmission among counties. All states should provide more protection and support for the low-income population, high-density populated states need to strengthen regional mobility restrictions, and the highly educated population should reduce unnecessary regional movement and strengthen self-protection.
Are Malaria Risk Factors based on Gender? A Mixed-methods Survey in an Urban Setting in Ghana.
Authors: Quaresima Virginia , Agbenyega Tsiri , Oppong Bismark , Awunyo Julia Ann D.A. , Adomah Priscilla Adu , Enty Eunice , Donato Francesco , Castelli Francesco 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

BackgroundMalaria still represents one of the most debilitating and deadly disease in the world; an estimated 229 million cases of malaria occurred globally in 2019 resulting in 409 000 deaths. The ongoing struggle for malaria elimination requires the scientific community to employ new methods. Gender-based medicine continues to acquire more importance in non-communicable as well as communicable diseases. It has been suggested that malaria has different impact on women and men due to both social and biological factors. A gender perspective is therefore important to understand how to eliminate malaria. MethodsThe enrolment of this study was conducted between June and October 2018 at the HopeXchange Medical Centre (HXC), located in the suburbs of Kumasi (Ghana). A sequential mixed-methods design comprising quantitative and qualitative methods was used. The quantitative methods consisted in the prospective assessment of malaria cases presented to hospital with malaria infection, along with a case-control investigation in the hospital catchment area. Whereas focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were employed as qualitative approaches. ResultsOne hundred-and-twenty-four individuals were diagnosed with malaria at HXC and enrolled. This study found a low ownership (40%) and use (19%) of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) compared to the national data (57%). Most malaria cases were women (62%), who were less educated and had more external risk factors associated with infection. Our study reported a trend of preferring malaria self-medication at home. This was practiced mostly by men (43%) and more among cases (38%) than controls (21%). Many misconceptions and beliefs about malaria still exist in some Kumasi communities. ConclusionsThe mixed methods approach employed in this study allowed the identification of gender differences in risk factors for malaria infection. The study unexpectedly found a decreased ITN use and an increased self-medication preference among respondents. Our data suggest that women are more likely to be exposed to malaria infections than men, especially due to their prolonged exposure to mosquito bites during the most dangerous hours. Our study highlighted the need for future malaria control policies to be more focused on social and behavioral aspects, and not only concentrated on biological or clinical factors.
Exploring the Effect of the Number of Primary Care Health Workers on Diarrhea Morbidity and Where the Health Resources Should Go: a Community-based Geospatial Analysis Study From China
Authors: Guan Xujin , Lan Tianjiao , Liao Weibin , Wu Xueer , Pan Jay 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Diarrhea remains a major threat to developing countries like China. Improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) have been known as cost-effective ways for reducing the morbidity of diarrhea. Primary healthcare institutions in China have been playing pivotal roles in the maintenance of WASH facilities as well as providing health education intended for improving residents’ appropriateness and safety in using those facilities. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between the number of primary healthcare workers and diarrhea morbidity at community levels in order to provide evidence-based implications for optimizing primary healthcare resource allocations.Methods: We collected annually time series of diarrhea morbidity, the number of primary healthcare workers, and relevant data of 4,321 communities in Sichuan Province with 83.41 million residents, China, from 2017 to 2019. The global and local Moran’s I were calculated to detect the spatial clustering of diarrhea morbidity each year as well as to identify areas where increased primary healthcare resources should be allocated. The spatial lag fixed effects panel data model was adopted to explore the association between the number of primary healthcare workers and diarrhea morbidity.Results: Positive global autocorrelation of diarrhea morbidity was identified based on Global Moran’s I. Significantly high-high and low-low clusters of diarrhea cases as indicated by Local Moran’s I were found to be mainly distributed in western and eastern Sichuan during the studied period years, respectively, which demonstrated consistency with regional economic development status and primary healthcare resource allocations among different regions. The diarrhea morbidity was found to be negatively associated with the number of primary healthcare workers with a coefficient of -0.187 and the P-values <0.05, indicating that a 0.187 reduction of diarrhea morbidity (1/10,000) was associate with doubled amounts of primary healthcare workers.Conclusions: Our findings highlighted the role of primary healthcare resource allocation in the process of diarrhea prevention and control which was reflected by the number of primary healthcare workers among different regions. Our findings also implied that constant efforts should be addressed at governmental and health administrative levels in order to facilitate diarrhea prevention and control, especially in the remoted area where the regional economic development status and primary healthcare resource allocation remain relatively underdeveloped.
Identifying new COVID-19 receptor Neuropilin-1 in severe Alzheimer’s diseases patients group brain using genome-wide association study approach
Authors: Lim Key-Hwan , Yang Sumin , Kim Sung-Hyun , Joo Jae-Yeol 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Numerous studies have been conducted on different aspects of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, since its emergence in late 2019. Mutual relations among SARS-CoV-2 and neuro-pathophysiological phenomena are continuously being demonstrated, and several underlying diseases, such as those in the elderly, are positively correlated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is required for SARS-CoV-2 infection, was recently demonstrated to be increased in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients.
Methods

Recent preclinical studies have shown that Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), which is a transmembrane protein with roles in neuronal development, axonal outgrowth, and angiogenesis, also plays a role in the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, we hypothesized that NRP1 may be upregulated in AD patients and that a correlation between AD and SARS-CoV-2 NRP1-mediated infectivity may exist. We used an AD mouse model that mimics AD and performed high throughput total RNA-seq with brain tissue and whole blood. For quantification of NPR1 in AD, brain tissues and blood were subjected to western blotting and RT-qPCR analysis. In silico analysis for NRP1 expression in AD patients has been performed on the human hippocampus data sets (GSE4226, GSE1297).
Results

Many cases of severe symptom of COVID-19 are concentrated in elderly group who have complications such as diabetes, degenerative disease, and brain disorders. Total RNA-seq analysis showed that Nrp1 gene was commonly overexpressed in AD model. Similar to ACE2, NRP1 protein also strongly expressed in the AD brain tissues. Interestingly, in silico analysis revealed that the level of expression for NRP1 was distinct at age and AD progression.
Conclusions

Given that the NRP1 is highly expressed in AD, it will be important to understand and predict that NRP1 may a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in AD patients. This will support to development of potential therapeutic drug to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Identification of germ cell-specific Mga variant mRNA that promotes meiotic entry via impediment of a non-canonical PRC1
Authors: Kitamura Yuka , Uranishi Kousuke , Hirasaki Masataka , Nishimoto Masazumi , Suzuki Ayumu , Okuda Akihiko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A non-canonical PRC1 (PRC1.6) prevents precocious meiotic onset. Germ cells alleviate its negative effect by reducing their amount of MAX, a component of PRC1.6, as a prerequisite for their bona fide meiosis. Here, we found that germ cells produced Mga variant mRNA bearing a premature termination codon (PTC) during meiosis as an additional mechanism to impede the function of PRC1.6. The variant mRNA encodes an anomalous MGA protein that lacks the bHLHZ domain and thus functions as a dominant negative regulator of PRC1.6. Notwithstanding the presence of PTC, the Mga variant mRNA are rather stably present in spermatocytes and spermatids due to their intrinsic inefficient background of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Thus, our data indicate that meiotic onset of germ cells is controlled in a multi-layered manner in which both MAX and MGA, which constitute the core of PRC1.6, are at least used as targets to deteriorate the integrity of the complex to ensure initiation of meiosis.
Epstein–Barr Virus&nbsp;Positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma&nbsp;Transformed&nbsp;Into Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma After Treatment: A Case Report and Literature&nbsp;Review
Authors: Wang Chaoyu , Gong Yi , Liang Xiping , Chen Rui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is the sub-type of mature T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Compared with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), AITL patients are frequently accompany with Epstein–Barr virus(EBV) infection. To date, there is no report on the subsequent development of AITL in patients with EBV-positive DLBCL. We performed a rare case of EBV-positive AITL developing one year after initial diagnosis of EBV-positive DLBCL. The patient showed poor response to the chemotherapy regimen, and poor survival.Case presentation: A 83-year-old Chinese male presented with enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and bilateral inguinal. Immunohistochemically (IHC), the atypical cells were strongly positive for CD20, CD19, PAX-5 and MUM-1, but negative for CD3, CD5, CD10, Bcl-6, CyclinD1, CD138 and TdT. Besides, in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) staining was also strongly positive. The patient was diagnosed with EBV-positive DLBCL, and transformed to Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma one year after initial diagnosis of EBV-positive DLBCL. Unfortunately, the patient ultimately died three months after diagnosed AITL. The overall survival time of this patient is fifteen months. Conclusions: Transformed EBV-positive AITL is a rare type of lymphoma with high malignancy and a generally poor prognosis. The accurate diagnosis should be depended on immunophenotype and morphology.
Evaluation of the Implementation Process of the Mobile Health Platform ‘WelTel’ in Six Sites in East Africa and Canada Using the Modified Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (mCFIR)
Authors: Joueidi Samia El , Bardosh Kevin , Musoke Richard , Tilahun Binyam , Moslim Maryam Abo , Gourlay Katie , MacMullin Alissa , Cook Victoria J. , Murray Melanie , Mbaraga Gilbert , Nsanzimana Sabin , Lester Richard 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHealth systems globally are investing in integrating secure messaging platforms for virtual care in clinical practice. Implementation science is essential for adoption, scale-up, spread and maintenance of complex evidence-based solutions in clinics with evolving priorities. In response, the mHealth Research Group modified the existing Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (mCFIR) to evaluate implementation of virtual health tools in clinical settings. WelTel® is an evidence-based digital health platform widely deployed in various geographical and health contexts. ObjectivesTo identify the facilitators and barriers for implementing WelTel and to assess the application of the mCFIR tool in facilitating focus groups in different geographical and health settings. MethodologyBoth qualitative and semi-quantitative approaches were employed. Six mCFIR sessions were held in three countries with 51 key stakeholders surveyed. The mCFIR tool consists of 5 Domains and 25 Constructs and was built and distributed through Qualtrics XM. “Performance ” and “Importance” scores were valued on a scale of 0 to 10 (Mean + SD). Descriptive analysis was conducted using R computing software. NVivo 12 Pro software was used to analyze mCFIR responses and to generate themes from the participants’ input. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the focus group facilitators to understand their experience using the mCFIR tool. ResultsWe observed a parallel trend in the scores for Importance and Performance. Of the five Domains, Domain 4 (End-user Characteristics) and Domain 3 (Inner Settings) scored highest in Importance (8.9 + 0.5 and 8.6 + 0.6, respectively) and Performance (7.6 + 0.7 and 7.2 + 1.3, respectively) for all sites. Domain 2 (Outer Setting) scored the lowest in both Importance and Performance for all sites (7.6 + 0.4 and 5.6 + 1.8). Areas of strengths included timely diagnosis, immediate response, cost-effectiveness, user-friendliness, and simplicity. Areas for improvement included training, phone accessibility, health authority’s engagement, and literacy. ConclusionThe mCFIR tool allowed for a comprehensive understanding of the barriers and facilitators to the implementation, reach, and scale-up of digital health tools. Participants emphasized the importance of creating partnerships with external organizations and health authorities in order to achieve sustainability and scalability.Trial Registration: NCT02603536 – November 11, 2015NCT01549457 – March 9, 2012