bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Common Origin for Low-mass Ratio Events Observed by LIGO and Virgo in the First Half of the Third Observing Run
Authors: Safarzadeh Mohammadtaher , Wysocki Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In its third observing run, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo Collaboration has announced a potential neutron star−black hole (NS−BH) merger candidate, GW190426_152155. Together with GW190814, these two events belong to a class of binaries with a secondary mass less than 3 M
⊙. While the secondary system in GW190426_152155 is consistent with being a neutron star (NS) with a mass of

, that of GW190814 is a

object and counts as the first confirmed detection of a mass-gap object. Here we argue that these two events could have a common origin as follows: both are formed as NS−BH systems; however, the larger escape velocity of a system with more massive primary black hole (BH) increases the bound fraction of the ejecta material from the supernova explosion leading to the formation of a NS. This bound material forms a disk, which is preferentially accreted onto the NS. This scenario predicts the secondary component mass should correlate with the primary component mass, which is consistent with GW190426_152155 and GW190814. If this hypothesis is corroborated by upcoming observations, GW190814-like events can be excluded from the binary BH population when inferring their global characteristics.
Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Discovery of an Unusual Low-mass Companion to an M Dwarf at 80 pc
Authors: Rothermich Austin , Schneider Adam C. , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Allers Katelyn , Bardalez-Gagliuffi Daniella , Meisner Aaron M. , Kuchner Marc , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Caselden Dan , Beaulieu Paul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present the discovery of CWISE J203546.35–493611.0, a peculiar M8 companion to the M4.5 star APMPM J2036−4936 discovered through the citizen science project Backyard Worlds: Planet 9. Given CWISE J203546.35–493611.0's proper motion (μ

α
, μ

δ
) = (−126 ± 22, −478 ± 23) and angular separation of 342 from APMPM 2036−4936, we calculate a chance alignment probability of 1.15 × 10−6. Both stars in this system appear to be underluminous, and the spectrum obtained for CWISE J203546.35–493611.0 shows a triangular H band. Further study of this system is warranted to understand these peculiarities.
The Surface Texture of Martian Lava Flows as Inferred from Their Decimeter- and Meter-scale Roughness
Authors: Rodriguez Sanchez-Vahamonde C. , Neish C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Extensive lava flows are found in the equatorial region of Mars, shaping the surface in a very distinct way. In radar images (at the decimeter scale), these flows are bright, with circular polarization ratios greater than one. This is a typical characteristic of extremely rough, blocky lava flows on Earth. Although the source of the extreme dm-scale roughness of Martian lava flows is unknown, their surface roughness can be constrained at the meter scale in an effort to infer their emplacement style. Here, we utilized high-resolution HiRISE images of Mars to construct digital terrain models of 35 lava flows, and measure their surface roughness parameters at a scale never before examined. Our results show that at the meter scale, Martian lava flows are smoother than blocky flows seen on Earth, and similar in roughness to terrestrial pāhoehoe and rubbly flows, as well as young lunar lava flows. However, these latter flows are much smoother at the decimeter scale than Martian lava flows. The differences observed in the surface roughness of Martian lava flows compared to analog lava flows on Earth and the Moon might be the result of: (1) the differences in the emplacement style of the lava flows, and/or (2) the differences in post-emplacement modification processes on the surface of the lava flows.
Chromium Isotopic Evidence for Mixing of NC and CC Reservoirs in Polymict Ureilites: Implications for Dynamical Models of the Early Solar System
Authors: Goodrich Cyrena A. , Sanborn Matthew E. , Yin Qing-Zhu , Kohl Issaku , Frank David , Daly R. Terik , Walsh Kevin J. , Zolensky Michael E. , Young Edward R. D. , Jenniskens Peter , Shaddad Muawia H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies show that the first few million years of solar system history were characterized by two distinct cosmochemical reservoirs, CC (carbonaceous chondrites and related differentiated meteorites) and NC (the terrestrial planets and all other groups of chondrites and differentiated meteorites), widely interpreted to correspond to the outer and inner solar system, respectively. At some point, however, bulk CC and NC materials became mixed, and several dynamical models offer explanations for how and when this occurred. We use xenoliths of CC materials in polymict ureilite (NC) breccias to test the applicability of such models. Polymict ureilites represent regolith on ureilitic asteroids but contain carbonaceous chondrite-like xenoliths. We present the first 54Cr isotope data for such clasts, which, combined with oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, show that they are unique CC materials that became mixed with NC materials in these breccias. It has been suggested that such xenoliths were implanted into ureilites by outer solar system bodies migrating into the inner solar system during the gaseous disk phase ∼3–5 Myr after CAI, as in the “Grand Tack” model. However, combined textural, petrologic, and spectroscopic observations suggest that they were added to ureilitic regolith at ∼50–60 Myr after CAI, along with ordinary, enstatite, and Rumuruti-type chondrites, as a result of the breakup of multiple parent bodies in the asteroid belt at this time. This is consistent with models for an early instability of the giant planets. The C-type asteroids from which the xenoliths were derived were already present in inner solar system orbits.
Le cheval de Troie et le motif indo-européen de la triple mort au livre II de l’ Énéide de Virgile (v. 35-38)
Authors: A. J. Meulder Marcel 
Published: January 2021

Au livre II de l’ Énéide (v. 35-38), dans l’ordre donné à leurs compatriotes par certains Troyens dont Capys, de détruire le Cheval de Troie, Virgile semble faire référence au motif indo-européen de la triple mort, par crémation, par une arme, par noyade, motif qui n’est attesté ni par l’ Odyssée , ni par certains écrivains grecs qui reprennent l’épisode du célèbre Cheval. Malgré l’intervention du prêtre Laocoon et trompés par la fausse prophétie de Sinon, les Troyens n’exécuteront les guerriers grecs cachés dans le Cheval par aucune des trois morts.
Un nouvel historien pour un « vieux » fragment ? Léon d’Alabanda et Léon de Stratonicée
Authors: Podestà Simone 
Published: January 2021

L’article focalise son attention sur la figure de l’historien local Léon d’Alabanda, souvent identifié avec Léon de Stratonicée. Après l’analyse d’une citation tirée de l’œuvre de Porphyre et la découverte d’une inscription carienne, cette identification a partiellement perdu de son poids. L’hypothèse la plus probable est d’imaginer l’existence de deux Léon, actifs en Carie à l’époque hellénistique : le premier était un rhéteur et un historien et aurait écrit des Karika et Lykiaka ; le deuxième, mentionné par des inscriptions locales de la Carie méridionale, était un prêtre et un érudit, auteur des ouvrages axés sur les cultes et sur les traditions culturelles de la Carie.
The Competitiveness of French Exports of Animal Products: a Comparative Analysis
Authors: Cheptea Angela , Huchet Marilyne 
Published: January 2021

L’objectif de cet article est de mesurer la compétitivité des exportations françaises de produits d’origine animale par rapport à la concurrence étrangère, sur la base d’une approche de parts de marché. Sur la période 2000-2016, la France a perdu la moitié de sa part de marché dans les produits d’origine animale, nettement plus que les autres pays européens. Seule la moitié de ces pertes s’explique par une baisse de compétitivité, l’autre moitié étant dû principalement à un effet structure géographique défavorable. De plus, nous constatons que les évolutions de prix expliquent environ un cinquième de la perte de part de marché française dans le secteur animal. Enfin, les évolutions des prix sont corrélées avec l’évolution de la demande des pays importateurs, mais pas avec celle de la demande globale pour différents produits.
Pour une dynamique de coopération des acteurs sur les territoires : la contribution du Labo de l’ESS
Authors: Bernon Françoise , Morvan Marie 
Published: January 2021

Face aux crises et fractures économiques, sociales et environnementales que connaissent nos sociétés contemporaines, la nécessité de changer nos modes de consommation et d’agir ensemble devient urgente, afin de tendre vers des systèmes davantage résilients et durables. L’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS), à travers ses valeurs et formes organisationnelles mettant l’humain et l’environnement au centre de projets collectifs, est une voie à suivre pour co-construire de nouveaux récits communs à l’échelle du territoire, et un nouveau contrat social à l’échelle nationale. L’article suivant vise à présenter, de manière non exhaustive, les différentes formes de coopération possibles dans l’ESS, ainsi que leurs impacts positifs sur les territoires. Pour ce faire, le développement de cet article est décliné autour de trois chantiers thématiques portés par le Labo de l’ESS : les Pôles Territoriaux de Coopération Economique, la Transition Energétique Citoyenne et Agriculture et alimentation durables.
Le soulèvement populaire algérien à l’aune du Printemps arabe
Authors: Dris-Ait Hamadouche Louisa 
Published: January 2021

Un soulèvement politique, pacifique et national, que rythment des manifestations populaires bihebdomadaires, est apparu en Algérie huit ans après le début du Printemps arabe, dont le bilan est très mitigé. En quoi le Hirak est-il comparable aux soulèvements des peuples d’autres pays arabes ? Et ces points de comparaison laissent-ils présager l’évolution du pays ?
L’influence de l’accompagnement entrepreneurial sur la performance de jeunes PME : une évaluation des structures camerounaises d’accompagnement
Authors: Nomo Théophile Serge , Pouka Pouka Marie Romuald , Anjorin Houssou Abdul 
Published: January 2021

Au Cameroun, les structures d’accompagnement instaurées et institutionnalisées par les pouvoirs publics influencent-elles ou non la performance des PME juvéniles ? L’objectif de cet article est de tenter d’évaluer la performance de l’accompagnement entrepreneurial, d’en relever les limites et d’essayer de formuler quelques recommandations dans le but de l’améliorer. La recherche auprès de 4 structures d’accompagnent regroupant un échantillon de 152 PME camerounaises devrait permettre l’identification de certains aspects essentielles de l’accompagnement dont les jeunes entreprises ont besoin pour être performantes et assurer ainsi leur pérennité. Les résultats obtenus sont mitigés dans l’ensemble quant à l’impact réel de l’intervention de l’accompagnement sur la performance de jeunes PME camerounaises.
Successful Collection and Captive Rearing of Wild-Spawned Larval Klamath Suckers
Authors: Day Julie L. , Barnes Ron , Weissenfluh Darrick , Groves J. Kirk , Russell Kent 
Published: January 2021

AbstractShortnose Chasmistes brevirostris and Lost River Suckers Deltistes luxatus endemic to the Klamath River Basin on the California–Oregon border have experienced dramatic population declines in parallel with many other Catostomid species. Captive propagation has become a key element of many endangered fish recovery programs, although there is little evidence of their success in restoring or recovering fish populations. We initiated a novel rearing program for Klamath suckers in 2016 with the goal of developing a husbandry strategy that better balances the ecological, genetic, and demographic risks associated with captive propagation. We collected 4,306 wild-spawned Klamath sucker larvae from a major spawning tributary May–June 2016 and reared them at a geothermal facility established through a partnership with a local landowner and aquaculture expert. Mortality during collection was &lt;1%. We reared larvae in glass aquaria for 17–78 d until they reached approximately 30 mm total length, upon which we moved them to round fiberglass tanks for 14–46 d or until reaching approximately 60 mm total length. Overall survival of larvae to ponding for final growout was 71%. Larval tank-rearing survival was 98% for 37 d until an isolated fish health incident affected three aquarium populations, reducing survival to transfer to 75%. Survival after transfer to round fiberglass tanks for 14–46 d was 94%. This study outlines the first successful collection and early life-history husbandry of wild-spawned endangered Klamath suckers that we are aware of.
Molecular Typing of Community-acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from 2- to 6-year old Children by Staphylococcal Protein A and Agr Typing in Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Mobasherizadeh Sina , Shojaei Hasan , Azadi Davood , Havaei Seyed Asghar , Ataei Behrooz , Khorvash Farzin 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a considerable public health concern in the entire world due to the rapid spread of this bacterium in human community; also the epidemiology of MRSA has changed, as the isolation of MRSA strains from healthy and non-healthy patients. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profile of community-acquired (CA)-MRSA nasal carriage in the Iranian samples.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 25 CA-MRSA were isolated from the anterior nares of 410 healthy preschool children. All MRSA isolates were characterized by the detection of the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and typed by γ-hemolysin genes, agr groups, and staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing. Kirby-Buyer antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed and interpreted as per the standard guidelines.

Results:
A total of 25 (6.1%) MRSA isolates were recovered from the anterior nares of 410 preschool children. Sixteen isolates (64%) were positive for the TSST-1 gene. Three agr specificity groups were determined, as follows: eight (32%) isolates belonged to agr Group I, five (20%) isolates belonged to agr Group II, and 12 (48%) isolates belonged to agr Group III. The repeated profiles of these spa types of 25 isolates were organized into eight different lineages groups. Five of lineages contained a single strain, three of lineages contained two strains, and three of lineages consisted of more than three strains.

Conclusions:
The results of our study show that the rate of MRSA in our region is significantly high. Additionally, spa type t037 was the predominant type among CA S. aureus.
Fabrication and Characterization of Glycerol/Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Transparent Hydrogel Films Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Wound Dressing Applications
Authors: Samadi Ali , Azandeh Saeed , Orazizadeh Mahmoud , Bayati Vahid , Rafienia Mohammad , Karami Masoud Ali 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Wounds have a bad prognostic nature and excessive discharges whose regular wound dressings are ineffective. Hydrogels are the best candidates for dressing such wounds due to their high water content and ability to exchange substances. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to make a novel hydrogel wound dressing following the integration of various findings on wound healing and the use of regenerative medicine.

Materials and Methods:
Various compounds were fabricated by glycerol/chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and then characterized to obtain the optimal composition using several techniques, including a water vapor passage test, scanning electron microscopy, water absorption, tensile strength, biodegradability, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and antibacterial test.

Results:
The findings revealed the optimal dressing ratio. Better antibacterial activity was found for the silver nanoparticle (AgNP) dressing.

Conclusion:
Our new fabricated dressing, glycerol/chitosan/PVA hydrogel loaded with AgNPs, exhibited satisfactory wound healing properties.
Novel Method of Plugging the Hole
Authors: Kumar Yadav Naresh , Venkatesh Ramesh , Thomas Sherina , Pereira Arpitha , Shetty K. Bhujang 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To describe the surgical outcomes of macular holes (MHs) by inserting a human amniotic membrane (hAM) plug.

Methods:
In this retrospective, interventional, comparative case series, 10 patients who had undergone hAM plugging for a MH were included in the study. Seven patients had idiopathic full-thickness MHs, 1 patient had traumatic MH, and 1 patient each had a MH-induced retinal detachment and combined retinal detachment. The control group included 10 cases with similar configuration and duration of MHs treated with the inverted peeling of the internal limiting membrane technique. All patients underwent a standard 3-port, 25-gauge transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy and hAM plug transplantation in the subretinal space under the MH. The anatomic and functional outcomes were assessed at 4 weeks postsurgery.

Results:
At the 4-week follow-up visit, all the MHs in the hAM plug group achieved hole closure, whereas 80% of the eyes in the control group were able to achieve hole closure. Improvement of 0.1 logMAR vision was noted in 8 of the 10 patients. At the 4-week follow-up visit, the external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone layer continuity over the hAM was defined only in one case. No significant difference was found between the hAM plug group and controls in visual and anatomical responses. No complications following hAM transplantation such as rejection, endophthalmitis, or hypotony were noted following surgery.

Conclusion:
Subretinal hAM graft transplantation can be a useful option in the repair of primary or refractory MHs not only for achieving anatomic closure but also for the accompanying visual improvement.
Comparison of the Surgical Outcomes of Single-Site, Mitomycin C-Augmented Trabeculectomy Combined with Phacoemulsification Versus Manual Small-Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Mansoori Tarannum , Balakrishna Nagalla 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To compare the safety, efficacy, and outcome measures of a single-site, mitomycin C (MMC)-augmented trabeculectomy combined with phacoemulsification (PT) versus manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) with the posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation as a primary surgery in the patients with primary glaucoma coexistent with cataract.

Methods:
From April 2015 to August 2017, medical records of all the patients who underwent combined cataract surgery with PCIOL and MMC augmented trabeculectomy were reviewed. One hundred and thirty-seven eyes met the inclusion criteria. Ninety-seven eyes which underwent PT with MMC were compared with forty eyes that underwent MSICS combined with trabeculectomy (MSICST) MMC. Outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of anti-glaucoma medications (AGM). Complications, if any, were noted in both the groups.

Results:
The mean follow-up period after surgery was 18.6 ± 7.7 months (range, 12–40 months). At the last follow-up visit, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups, in terms of mean logMAR BCVA (PT: 0.22 ± 0.31, MSICST: 0.21 ± 0.33,P= 0.8), mean IOP reduction (PT: 13.9 ± 2.98 mmHg, MSICST: 14.1 ± 4.12 mmHg,P= 0.8), and mean number of AGM (PT: 0.03 ± 0.8, MSICST: 0.025 ± 0.7,P= 0.8). Complications were few and transient. One eye in the PT group was considered as a failure and had to undergo needling, repeat trabeculectomy, and later, cyclodestructive procedure. None of the eyes in the MSICST group required an additional procedure for IOP reduction.

Conclusion:
There was no difference in the mean IOP reduction, BCVA, and mean number of AGM between the two procedures, and both appeared to be safe and effective techniques as a primary surgery in the patients with coexistent cataract and glaucoma.
Giant Cell Tumor
Authors: Rajabi Mohammad Taher , Poursayed Lazarjani Seyedeh Zahra , Mohammadi S. Saeed , Veshagh Mohammad , Hosseinzadeh Farideh , Rafizadeh Seyed Mohsen , Amoli Fahimeh Asadi , Hosseini Simindokht 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To present a patient with giant cell tumor (GCT) of the orbit by changing behavior from an intraorbital mass to an intraosseous tumor.

Methods:
A 16-year-old boy presented with pain, swelling, erythematous of the left upper and lower eyelids, proptosis, and diplopia. Ophthalmic examination revealed chemosis, conjunctival injection, limited elevation, depression as well as abduction in the left eye.

Results:
Multislice computed tomography scan (CT scan) of the orbit and paranasal sinuses showed a hyperdense, oval, extraconal mass with bone erosion. Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit showed an inferior lateral isointense, oval, extraconal mass that had indented the globe. The patient underwent superior lateral orbitotomy, and the orbital mass was excised. Two months later, the patient developed proptosis, severe chemosis, and eyelid erythema in the same eye. CT scan showed an intraosseous mass in the lateral wall of the orbit that had pushed the globe anteromedially. Intraosseous tumor was resected, and the lateral orbital wall was drilled during the second surgery. GCT was diagnosed based on pathological survey.

Conclusion:
Following the resection of the orbital GCT, the tumor behavior may change to an intraosseous lesion.
A Study of Epidemiological Factors in Antenatal Mothers with Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension at the Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Lakhute Sadhana V. , Kendre Varsharani , Dixit Jagannath 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is one of the most common causes of both maternal and neonatal morbidity, affecting about 5%–8% of pregnant women. The risk factors postulated to influence the risk of PIH among the mothers include sociodemographic factors, genetic factors, pregnancy-related complications, or personal factors.

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to study the sociodemographic profile, prevalence, and epidemiological risk factors of PIH in antenatal patients.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at GMC Latur, Maharashtra, India, as a part of postgraduation thesis work and was approved by MUHS Nashik. A total of 1600 antenatal care cases were selected. The study variables included mother's age, parity, height, body mass index, socioeconomic profile, and diet. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to capture the demographic data and obstetric history. PIH prevalence in this study was found to be 6.06%. Primi-parity, age above 30 years, poor socioeconomic status, less education, joint family, >36 weeks of gestation, >5 g of salt intake, and moderate-to-severe anemia are some of the important epidemiological risk factors found to be associated with PIH.

Conclusion:
Pregnancy in later stages and primigravida's should be monitored carefully for PIH, and it should be prevented. Health education should be given about the consumption of iron tablets and iron rich food items to prevent anemia.