bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hendra virus vaccine: perceptions regarding the role of antibody titre testing
Authors: Barrett RS , Wiethoelter A , Halpin K 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo elucidate veterinarians' and horse owners' perceptions towards the use of Hendra virus (HeV) antibody titre testing and how it influences veterinary advice.MethodsSix semi‐structured phone interviews were conducted with veterinarians who have submitted samples for HeV antibody titre testing. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed to identify and report common themes within the data.ResultsVeterinarians are predominantly using the titre tests as an alternative to vaccination due to clients' fear of vaccine reactions. The high cost of titre testing, the difficulty interpreting titre results and a lack of titre test recognition by authorities were the major barriers reported to using this test. Some veterinarians detailed difficulties communicating titre test procedures and results to their clients. The majority of veterinarians accepted titres of 64 or greater as evidence of protective immunity and would rely on those results for 12 months. However, there was discrepancy of these values and the level of confidence veterinarians had in interpreting the results of HeV antibody titre tests varied.ConclusionThis study has provided an overview of the attitudes of horse owners and veterinarians towards HeV antibody titre testing. Although evidence for HeV vaccination titres as an indication of protective immunity is still inadequate, it will assist veterinarians in interpreting and communicating titre results.
The pricing and carbon abatement decisions of a manufacturer selling with marketplace or reselling mode
Authors: Xu Xiaoping , He Ping , Fan Yiming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the pricing and carbon abatement decisions of a manufacturer who sells products to consumers with environmental awareness through an online platform and an offline channel. The platform operates with marketplace or reselling mode. Cross‐channel spillover effect (CSE) is taken into account to reflect the impact of online channel sales on offline channel sales. With marketplace mode, the manufacturer directly sells its products to consumers on the platform, paying a commission to the platform for each order. With reselling mode, the manufacturer wholesales products to the platform, who then retails them to consumers. We find that the increase in the cross‐channel effect can positively affect the carbon abatement level, the production quantity and the profits of the manufacturer and platform. Marketplace (reselling) mode provides the manufacturer with more profits than reselling (marketplace) mode and induces the manufacturer to adopt greener technology if the CSE is high (low). Marketplace mode cannot coordinate the manufacturer and platform, while reselling mode can if the CSE is negative. We also extend the models to the case under omnichannel strategy and find that omnichannel strategy leads to higher carbon abatement level and brings more profit to the manufacturer under certain conditions. In addition, marketplace mode cannot coordinate the manufacturer and platform, while reselling mode always can. The findings in this paper not only enrich the theoretical research in platform‐based and low‐carbon operations management but also guide the management practice in these aspects.
ERF1 delays flowering through direct inhibition of FLOWERING LOCUS T expression in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chen Yanli , Zhang Liping , Zhang Haiyan , Chen Ligang , Yu Diqiu 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 (ERF1) is a key component in ethylene signaling, playing crucial roles in both biotic and abiotic stress responses. Here, we demonstrate that ERF1 also has an important role during floral initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Knockdown or knockout of ERF1 accelerated floral initiation, whereas overexpression of ERF1 dramatically delayed floral transition. These contrasting phenotypes were correlated with opposite transcript levels of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that ERF1 associates with genomic regions of the FT gene to repress its transcription. ft‐10/ERF1RNAi plants showed a similar flowering phenotype to the ft‐10 mutant, whereas the flowering of FTox/ERF1ox mimicked that of FTox plants, suggesting that ERF1 acts upstream of FT during floral initiation. Similarly, altered floral transition in ethylene‐related mutants was also correlated with FT expression. Further analysis suggested that ERF1 also participates in delay in flowering‐time control mediated by the ethylene precursor 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid. Thus, ERF1 may act as a negative modulator of flowering‐time control by repressing FT transcription in Arabidopsis.
Clinical Research and Technique Note of TLIF by Wiltse Approach for the Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar
Authors: Jin Yong‐ming , Chen Qi , Chen Chu‐yong , Lyu Jun , Shi Binbin , Yang Chen , Xia Chen 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical efficacy and share the technique notes of Wiltse Approach TLIF for the treating single segment degenerative lumbar spinal disease.MethodIn this retrospective controlled study, 780 patients with single segment degenerative lumbar disease who were operated in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were randomly assigned to Wiltse approach group (group A, 410 cases) and conventional open approach group (group B, 370 cases). Patient's assessment of pain and disability were evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) before and after surgery. The incision length, operative time, exposure time, intraoperative blood loss, hidden blood loss, time to ambulation, total length of hospitalization, serum creatine kinase, X‐rays, CT and MRI were also evaluated.ResultsThere were no differences in sex, age, pre‐operative ODI score, VAS score between the two groups (P > 0.05). The Wiltse approach group had a shorter incision length with 7.69 ± 0.44 cm compared to the conventional group with 11.13 ± 0.36 cm (P < 0.01). The average operative time was 119.20 ± 14.64 min with exposure time of 16.20 ± 3.42 min in the Wiltse approach group and 145.65 ± 16.98 min with 29.20 ± 3.42 min in the conventional group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Comparing the intraoperative blood loss, hidden blood loss, serum creatine kinase, time to ambulation, total length of hospitalization, the Wiltse approach group was less than the conventional open approach group (P < 0.05). The VAS score of the two groups decreased significantly with time, and the VAS score of the Wiltse group was significantly lower than that of the conventional open approach group (P < 0.05). At last investigation after operation, ODI scores of the two groups were significantly decreased compared with that before operation. Wiltse approach group was significantly lower than that of the conventional open approach group (P < 0.05). The multifidus of the two groups of patients had a certain degree of atrophy. But the Wiltse approach group multifidus muscle atrophy rate is significantly lower than the conventional open approach group.ConclusionThe Wiltse approach TLIF significantly reduces the damage to the paravertebral muscles and the postoperative incidence of chronic low back pain.
Thiophene‐Based Double Helices: Radical Cations with SOMO–HOMO Energy Level Inversion†
Authors: Rajca Andrzej , Shu Chan , Zhang Hui , Zhang Sheng , Wang Hua , Rajca Suchada 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report relatively persistent, open‐shell thiophene‐based double helices, radical cations 1•+‐TMS12 and 2•+‐TMS8. Closed‐shell neutral double helices, 1‐TMS12 and 2‐TMS8, have nearly identical first oxidation potentials, E
+/0 ≈ +1.33 V, corresponding to reversible oxidation to their radical cations. The radical cations are generated, using tungsten hexachloride in dichloromethane (DCM) as an oxidant, E
+/0 ≈ +1.56 V. EPR spectra consist of a relatively sharp singlet peak with an unusually low g‐value of 2.001–2.002, thus suggesting exclusive delocalization of spin density over π‐conjugated system consisting of carbon atoms only. DFT computations confirm these findings, as only negligible fraction of spin density is found on sulfur and silicon atoms and the spin density is delocalized over a single tetrathiophene moiety. For radical cation, 1•+‐TMS12, energy level of the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) lies below the four highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs), thus indicating the SOMO–HOMO inversion (SHI) and therefore, violating the Aufbau principle. 1•+‐TMS12 has a half‐life of the order of only 5 min at room temperature. EPR peak intensity of 2•+‐TMS8, which does not show SHI, is practically unchanged over at least 2 h.
Completely resonant collision of lumps and line solitons in the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili I equation
Authors: Rao Jiguang , Chow Kwok Wing , Mihalache Dumitru , He Jingsong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResonant collisions among localized lumps and line solitons of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili I (KP‐I) equation are studied. The KP‐I equation describes the evolution of weakly nonlinear, weakly dispersive waves with slow transverse variations. Lumps can only exist for the KP equation when the signs of the transverse derivative and the weak dispersion in the propagation direction are different, that is, in the KP‐I regime. Collisions among lumps and solitons for “integrable” equations are normally elastic, that is, wave shapes are preserved except possibly for phase shifts. For resonant collisions, mathematically the phase shift will become indefinitely large. Physically a lump may be detached (or emitted) from a line soliton, survives for a brief transient period in time, and then merges with the next adjacent soliton. This special lump is thus localized in time as well as the two spatial dimensions, and can be termed a “rogue lump.” By employing a reduction method for the KP hierarchy in conjunction with the Hirota bilinear technique, a general ‐lump/‐line‐soliton solution is obtained for the KP‐I equation for an arbitrary positive integer . For , collisions among modes become increasingly complicated, with multiple lumps detaching from one single or different line solitons and then disappearing into the remaining solitons. In terms of applications, such “rogue lumps” represent a mode truly localized both in space and time, and will be valuable in modeling physical problems.
In vivo homopropargylglycine incorporation enables sampling, isolation and characterization of nascent proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Tivendale Nathan D. , Fenske Ricarda , Duncan Owen , Millar A. Harvey 
Published: June 2021

SummaryDetermining which proteins are actively synthesized at a given point in time and extracting a representative sample for analysis is important to understand plant responses. Here we show that the methionine (Met) analogue homopropargylglycine (HPG) enables Bio‐Orthogonal Non‐Canonical Amino acid Tagging (BONCAT) of a small sample of the proteins being synthesized in Arabidopsis plants or cell cultures, facilitating their click‐chemistry enrichment for analysis. The sites of HPG incorporation could be confirmed by peptide mass spectrometry at Met sites throughout protein amino acid sequences and correlation with independent studies of protein labelling with 15N verified the data. We provide evidence that HPG‐based BONCAT tags a better sample of nascent plant proteins than azidohomoalanine (AHA)‐based BONCAT in Arabidopsis and show that the AHA induction of Met metabolism and greater inhibition of cell growth rate than HPG probably limits AHA incorporation at Met sites in Arabidopsis. We show HPG‐based BONCAT provides a verifiable method for sampling, which plant proteins are being synthesized at a given time point and enriches a small portion of new protein molecules from the bulk protein pool for identification, quantitation and subsequent biochemical analysis. Enriched nascent polypeptides samples were found to contain significantly fewer common post‐translationally modified residues than the same proteins from whole plant extracts, providing evidence for age‐related accumulation of post‐translational modifications in plants.
Modelling the long‐term impact of harvest weed seed control for species like Bromus diandrus and Hordeum spp. that shed a portion of seed prior to harvest
Authors: Borger Catherine P. D. , Petersen Daniel , Gill Gurjeet S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHarvest weed seed control (HWSC) is an increasingly popular integrated weed management tactic to catch, destroy or remove weed seeds at crop harvest. However, most weed species shed some seed prior to crop harvest, and we have little data on the value of HWSC for those species with high or variable rates of seed shedding. In the current study, Bromus diandrus and Hordeum spp. were identified as problematic weeds with variable rates of seed shedding. Field data on B. diandrus and Hordeum spp. density, seed production and resulting crop yield were used to validate the output of a decision support tool: the Weed Seed Wizard. The tool was then used to generate a six‐year crop rotation scenario for each weed species. The level of annual HWSC in the scenario was set at 1%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% seed removal. The results indicated that B. diandrus in particular was difficult to control with herbicide alone and a conventional harvest (1% weed seed removed as a contaminant of the grain). By comparison, the total weed seed bank in the soil at the end of six years could be reduced by 46% using HWSC to annually destroy 20% of seed at crop harvest. Hordeum spp. were easier to control with herbicide, but HWSC still changed final seed density in the soil seed bank. Therefore, HWSC may be an effective management tactic for those weed species with early seed shedding, but this needs to be confirmed with field based research.
A New Cam-Follower Safety Joint Mechanism Design Based on Variable-Length Four-Bar Linkage for Robot Safety
Authors: Baek Seung Guk , Moon Hyungpil , Choi Hyouk Ryeol , Koo Ja Choon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Humans come into physical contact with various machines such as robots in daily life. This leads to the underlying issue of guaranteeing safety during such human-robot interactions. Thus, many devices and methods have been studied for impact damage reduction. A safety joint mechanism (SJM) using four-bar linkages has been highlighted as an impact cutoff device owing to its capabilities of nonlinear load transfer. This paper focuses on a new design and testing for a kinematic element of an SJM based on four-bar linkages to improve the impact cutoff performances. In the present work, a set of variable-length floating link designs is proposed, and the mechanism is implemented by mechanical contact surface profile shaping between the cams and followers. The performance of the cam-follower mechanism is evaluated depending on the variable length of the floating link, by using the equivalent stiffness method, which successfully quantifies the performance of the proposed mechanism. Based on this design and analysis, two SJMs having symmetrical arrangements for four numbers of cam-follower mechanisms are fabricated: one SJM has fixed-length floating links and the other has variable-length floating links. The effect of the new kinematic elements on the performance improvement is verified by comparing the absorbed impact rates of the two SJMs by impact hammer-like drop tests. Consequently, it is confirmed that the rapid length change of the floating link is the core element for improving the performance of the safety mechanism.
Research on Path Planning for Reducing Vibration Fatigue of Precision Equipment Transportation
Authors: Huang Ying , Xie Quanmin , Wang Xingjun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes the safety and reliability problems of large precision instruments and equipment in highway transportation, aiming at reducing the vibration fatigue damage of equipment to the greatest extent from the perspective of road planning. Based on the dynamic response model of the equipment, the relationship between the ground spectrum response and the cumulative fatigue damage of the equipment is analyzed. Based on the method of probability and statistics, an equipment fatigue prediction model is established. Based on the study of the relationship between the roughness of pavement grade and the reliability of equipment, the low-risk path planning is proposed. This paper adapts the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm. Not only the basic information such as the length of the highway is considered but also the road factors related to the reliability of the equipment and the environmental factors affecting the driving safety are considered. Try to avoid the adverse environment which has a great impact on the reliability of the equipment, reduce the vibration fatigue of the equipment in the process of transportation, and improve the quality of transportation. Using geographic information system secondary development, database, global positioning system positioning, and other technologies, this paper provides users with the shortest path and low-risk path planning for reference, which has a certain practical significance for highway transportation of high reliability products such as vulnerable products, precision instruments, and special equipment.
Multi-Point Substructure Coupling Method to Compensate Multi-Accelerometer Masses in Measuring Rotation-Related Frequency Response Functions
Authors: Ji Yulei , Chen Yanren , Zhang Shaokun , Bi Qingzhen , Wang Yuhan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTool-tip frequency response functions (FRFs) are often required in milling vibration analysis. Receptance coupling substructures analysis (RCSA) affords an efficient analytical way for different tool-tip FRFs prediction with only one modal test. The coupling theory includes both translational and rotational degrees-of-freedom, so rotation-related FRFs are essential to know in the test. The finite-differential technique is generally used to measure these special FRFs due to the avoidance of specialist equipment. The technique uses several translational accelerometers spatially placed close to each other to approximate the rotational vibration. However, the added sensor masses lead to a frequency shift of the test structure, and the phenomenon would aggravate as the sensors increase. The polluted measurement data would subsequently decrease the tool-tip FRFs prediction accuracy. Addressing this problem, this paper introduces a multi-point substructure coupling method to simultaneously compensate the multi-accelerometer masses in a single experimental setup. The proposed method considers the installed accelerometers as multiple point masses and then uses inverse coupling calculation to isolate their effect. The compensation procedure is first effectively validated in simulation and experiment, and then, it is integrated into an RCSA-based application of predicting different tool-tip dynamics. Experimental results show that the compensated FRF data can improve prediction accuracy, especially when predicting tools shorter than the tested tool.
Migmatite and leucogranite in a continental-scale exhumed strike-slip shear zone: Implications for tectonic evolution and initiation of shearing
Authors: Li Junyu , Cao Shuyun , Cheng Xuemei , Neubauer Franz , Wang Haobo , Lv Meixia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlutons within continental strike-slip shear zones bear important geological processes on late-stage plate transpression and continent-continent collision and associated lateral block extrusion. Where, when, and how intrusions and shearing along transpressional strike-slip shear zones respond to plate interactions, however, are often debated. In this study, we investigated migmatite associated leucogranite and pegmatite from the exhumed &gt;1000-km-long Ailao Shan-Red River left-lateral strike-slip shear zone in Southeast Asia that was active during India-Eurasia plate convergence. Most zircons from the migmatites and leucogranitic intrusions present inherited core-rim structure. The depletion of rare earth element patterns and positive Eu anomalies suggest that leucosomes and leucogranites are the result of crustal anatexis. Zircon rims from the foliated migmatites and leucogranites record U-Pb ages of 41–28 Ma, revealing the timing of the Cenozoic crustal anatexis event along this strike-slip shear zone. Ages of the magmatic zircons from the unfoliated pegmatites provide the timing of the termination of a high-temperature tectono-thermal event and ductile left-lateral shearing at 26–23 Ma. The Cenozoic crustal anatexis along the Ailao Shan-Red River strike-slip shear zone indicates that thickened crust underneath the shear zone involved previously subducted crust. We propose that the Cenozoic thermal state has an important effect on the crustal anatexis and thus on the rheological behavior of the lithosphere by thermal weakening, which plays an essential role in localizing the initiation of the deep-seated lower-crustal shear zone.
Earlier initiation of palliative care in the disease trajectory of people living with dementia: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gilissen Joni , Hunt Lauren , Van den Block Lieve , van der Steen Jenny , Tahir Peggy , Ritchie Christine 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionWhile the need for palliative care for people living with dementia has widely been recognised, they continue to be a disadvantaged group when it comes to timely initiation, and controversies remain regarding appropriate timing, or what elements constitute high quality palliative care early in the disease trajectory. To date, no literature review has summarised this debate or offered insights. The aim of this scoping review is to provide a general overview of research regarding palliative care in mild or moderate dementia, to identify existing controversies, and to examine what are key components of palliative care in dementia, specifically when initiated earlier in the disease trajectory.Methods and analysisConsistent with recent guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews, we carried out a search for academic literature in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science; on 5 November 2019 and an updated search on 2 February 2021. We will include studies with different study designs published in English over the last decade that focused on palliative care in early stages of dementia. We will include models targeting at least one outcome domain of palliative care (physical, psychological, social or spiritual) and advance care planning, and will exclude hospice models with limited prognosis similar to the requirements in the USA. We will report study characteristics and quality. We aim to apply narrative synthesis techniques to develop a theoretical model of how, for whom and why palliative care can be relevant in early stages of dementia, and what are facilitators and barriers. We anticipate to also describe if and how the concept of (early) palliative care in dementia changed across time and studies.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical review required. Results will identify research gaps and lay out basic principles for conceptualising palliative care in early stages of dementia.