bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Celestial amplitudes from UV to IR
Authors: Arkani-Hamed N. , Pate M. , Raclariu A.-M. , Strominger A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Celestial amplitudes represent 4D scattering of particles in boost, rather than the usual energy-momentum, eigenstates and hence are sensitive to both UV and IR physics. We show that known UV and IR properties of quantum gravity translate into powerful constraints on the analytic structure of celestial amplitudes. For example the soft UV behavior of quantum gravity is shown to imply that the exact four-particle scattering amplitude is meromorphic in the complex boost weight plane with poles confined to even integers on the negative real axis. Would-be poles on the positive real axis from UV asymptotics are shown to be erased by a flat space analog of the AdS resolution of the bulk point singularity. The residues of the poles on the negative axis are identified with operator coefficients in the IR effective action. Far along the real positive axis, the scattering is argued to grow exponentially according to the black hole area law. Exclusive amplitudes are shown to simply factorize into conformally hard and conformally soft factors. The soft factor contains all IR divergences and is given by a celestial current algebra correlator of Goldstone bosons from spontaneously broken asymptotic symmetries. The hard factor describes the scattering of hard particles together with the boost-eigenstate clouds of soft photons or gravitons required by asymptotic symmetries. These provide an IR safe $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
-matrix for the scattering of hard particles.
Quasi-Locality Bounds for Quantum Lattice Systems. Part II. Perturbations of Frustration-Free Spin Models with Gapped Ground States
Authors: Nachtergaele Bruno , Sims Robert , Young Amanda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe study the stability with respect to a broad class of perturbations of gapped ground-state phases of quantum spin systems defined by frustration-free Hamiltonians. The core result of this work is a proof using the Bravyi–Hastings–Michalakis (BHM) strategy that under a condition of local topological quantum order (LTQO), the bulk gap is stable under perturbations that decay at long distances faster than a stretched exponential. Compared to previous work, we expand the class of frustration-free quantum spin models that can be handled to include models with more general boundary conditions, and models with discrete symmetry breaking. Detailed estimates allow us to formulate sufficient conditions for the validity of positive lower bounds for the gap that are uniform in the system size and that are explicit to some degree. We provide a survey of the BHM strategy following the approach of Michalakis and Zwolak, with alterations introduced to accommodate more general than just periodic boundary conditions and more general lattices. We express the fundamental condition known as LTQO by means of an indistinguishability radius, which we introduce. Using the uniform finite-volume results, we then proceed to study the thermodynamic limit. We first study the case of a unique limiting ground state and then also consider models with spontaneous breaking of a discrete symmetry. In the latter case, LTQO cannot hold for all local observables. However, for perturbations that preserve the symmetry, we show stability of the gap and the structure of the broken symmetry phases. We prove that the GNS Hamiltonian associated with each pure state has a non-zero spectral gap above the ground state.
Impact of different sterilization techniques and mass loss measurements on the durability of wood against wood-destroying fungi
Authors: Brischke Christian , von Boch-Galhau Nicklas , Bollmus Susanne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe biological durability of wood is frequently determined in laboratory tests with monocultures of different decay fungi under ideal conditions for fungal growth. To avoid contamination with mould and inhibition of fungal growth, wood specimens need to be sterilized using different methods. To determine the mass loss of wood blocks during incubation, the initial total dry mass is needed but should be determined without oven-drying to avoid the loss of volatile compounds of the tested wood. In this study the effect of different sterilization techniques in combination with different methods of determining the oven-dry weight on mass loss (MLF) in agar plate wood block tests was investigated. No significant MLFdifferences were observed between sterilization through gamma radiation, steam, autoclaving, ethanol dipping and oven-drying. Solely, non-sterilized specimens showed reduced MLF, since the test fungus was inhibited by mould growth. Oven-drying of wood species that contain volatile and resistance-affecting compounds such as Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) led to reduced biological durability and should either be avoided or adapted to kiln-drying temperatures usually applied in practice.
A mutation in LacDWARF1 results in a GA-deficient dwarf phenotype in sponge gourd (Luffa acutangula)
Authors: Zhao Gangjun , Luo Caixia , Luo Jianning , Li Junxing , Gong Hao , Zheng Xiaoming , Liu Xiaoxi , Guo Jinju , Zhou Lingyan , Wu Haibin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Key message
A dwarfism gene LacDWARF1 was mapped by combined BSA-Seq and comparative genomics analyses to a 65.4 kb physical genomic region on chromosome 05.

Abstract
Dwarf architecture is one of the most important traits utilized in Cucurbitaceae breeding because it saves labor and increases the harvest index. To our knowledge, there has been no prior research about dwarfism in the sponge gourd. This study reports the first dwarf mutant WJ209 with a decrease in cell size and internodes. A genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene, which is designated Lacdwarf1 (Lacd1). Combined with bulked segregate analysis and next-generation sequencing, we quickly mapped a 65.4 kb region on chromosome 5 using F2 segregation population with InDel and SNP polymorphism markers. Gene annotation revealed that Lac05g019500 encodes a gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase (GA3ox) that functions as the most likely candidate gene for Lacd1. DNA sequence analysis showed that there is an approximately 4 kb insertion in the first intron of Lac05g019500 in WJ209. Lac05g019500 is transcribed incorrectly in the dwarf mutant owing to the presence of the insertion. Moreover, the bioactive GAs decreased significantly in WJ209, and the dwarf phenotype could be restored by exogenous GA3 treatment, indicating that WJ209 is a GA-deficient mutant. All these results support the conclusion that Lac05g019500 is the Lacd1 gene. In addition, RNA-Seq revealed that many genes, including those related to plant hormones, cellular process, cell wall, membrane and response to stress, were significantly altered in WJ209 compared with the wild type. This study will aid in the use of molecular marker-assisted breeding in the dwarf sponge gourd.
In situ curing and bonding of epoxy prepregs in epoxy thermoset injection molding
Authors: Deringer Tim , Drummer Dietmar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, epoxy molding compounds are combined with fast-curing epoxy prepregs in thermoset injection molding using a new integrative process. The combination is carried out under the varied parameters of mold temperatures and curing times, which are dominant factors in thermoset processing. The focus of the investigations is the bond strength in the interface resulting from these parameters, as the interface is known as the weak point of hybrid components. To identify causes for possible increases and decreases of the bond strength, additional rheological and thermoanalytical analyses are done under near-process conditions. The influence of prepreg pre-crosslinking, a function of the mold temperature, is also described by means of additional tests in which specific pre-crosslinking of the prepreg is adjusted by the temperature storage and then functionalized in integrative process combination. The aim of the study is to identify and understand initial process limits for the integrative process combination for a potential process window.
Do financial markets respond to macroeconomic surprises? Evidence from the UK
Authors: Heinlein Reinhold , Lepori Gabriele M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigate the response of UK asset prices to a large set of domestic scheduled macroeconomic announcements using data at a daily frequency from 1998 to 2017. Our results are mostly consistent with economic theory and follow two general patterns: (1) a stronger-than-expected economy raises stock returns, causes the home currency to appreciate, makes the yield curve steeper, and lowers the corporate credit quality spread; (2) higher-than-anticipated inflation leads to an appreciation of the domestic currency and raises the slope of the yield curve. Surprises about retail sales, claimant count rate, GDP, and industrial production have the most prevalent effects across the four asset classes in our data set. A large number of macroeconomic announcements increase trading activity in the stock market, whereas there is barely any (only minor) evidence that announcements (surprises) affect the volatility of asset prices. We also document that the effects of macroeconomic surprises are contingent not only upon the state of the economy but also on the state of the stock market (bull vs. bear).
Physiology-based toxicokinetic modelling of aluminium in rat and man
Authors: Hethey Christoph , Hartung Niklas , Wangorsch Gaby , Weisser Karin , Huisinga Wilhelm 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA sufficient quantitative understanding of aluminium (Al) toxicokinetics (TK) in man is still lacking, although highly desirable for risk assessment of Al exposure. Baseline exposure and the risk of contamination severely limit the feasibility of TK studies administering the naturally occurring isotope 27Al, both in animals and man. These limitations are absent in studies with 26Al as a tracer, but tissue data are limited to animal studies. A TK model capable of inter-species translation to make valid predictions of Al levels in humans—especially in toxicological relevant tissues like bone and brain—is urgently needed. Here, we present: (i) a curated dataset which comprises all eligible studies with single doses of 26Al tracer administered as citrate or chloride salts orally and/or intravenously to rats and humans, including ultra-long-term kinetic profiles for plasma, blood, liver, spleen, muscle, bone, brain, kidney, and urine up to 150 weeks; and (ii) the development of a physiology-based (PB) model for Al TK after intravenous and oral administration of aqueous Al citrate and Al chloride solutions in rats and humans. Based on the comprehensive curated 26Al dataset, we estimated substance-dependent parameters within a non-linear mixed-effect modelling context. The model fitted the heterogeneous 26Al data very well and was successfully validated against datasets in rats and humans. The presented PBTK model for Al, based on the most extensive and diverse dataset of Al exposure to date, constitutes a major advancement in the field, thereby paving the way towards a more quantitative risk assessment in humans.
A role for reward valuation in the serotonergic modulation of impulsivity
Authors: Desrochers Stephanie S. , Lesko Emma K. , Magalong Valerie M. , Balsam Peter D. , Nautiyal Katherine M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Rationale
Impulsive behavior is a deleterious component of a number of mental health disorders but has few targeted pharmacotherapies. One contributing factor to the difficulty in understanding the neural substrates of disordered impulsivity is the diverse presentations of impulsive behavior. Defining the behavioral and cognitive processes which contribute to different subtypes of impulsivity is important for understanding the neural underpinnings of dysregulated impulsive behavior.

Methods
Using a mouse model for disordered impulsivity, our goal was to identify behavioral and cognitive processes that are associated with increased impulsivity. Specifically, we were interested in the facets of impulsivity modulated by serotonin signaling. We used mice lacking the serotonin 1B receptor (5-HT1BR) and measured different types of impulsivity as well as goal-directed responding, extinction, habitual-like behavior, cue reactivity, and reward reactivity.

Results
Mice lacking expression of 5-HT1BR had increased levels of impulsive action, goal-directed responding, and motivation, with no differences seen in rate of extinction, development of habitual behavior, delay discounting, or effort-based discounting. Interestingly, mice lacking 5-HT1BR expression also showed an overall increase in the choice of higher value rewards, increased hedonic responses to sweet rewards, and responded more for cues that predict reward. We developed a novel paradigm to demonstrate that increasing anticipated reward value could directly increase impulsive action. Furthermore, we found that 5-HT1BR KO-induced impulsivity could be ameliorated by decreasing the reward value relative to controls, suggesting that the increased 5-HT1BR-associated impulsive action may be a result of increased reward valuation.

Conclusions
Taken together, these data show that the effects of serotonin on impulsive action are mediated through the modulation of hedonic value, which may alter the reward representations that motivate action. Overall, this data supports a role for reward value as an important substrate in impulsive action which may drive clinically relevant increases in impulsivity.
Scaling Limits of Lattice Quantum Fields by Wavelets
Authors: Morinelli Vincenzo , Morsella Gerardo , Stottmeister Alexander , Tanimoto Yoh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present a rigorous renormalization group scheme for lattice quantum field theories in terms of operator algebras. The renormalization group is considered as an inductive system of scaling maps between lattice field algebras. We construct scaling maps for scalar lattice fields using Daubechies’ wavelets, and show that the inductive limit of free lattice ground states exists and the limit state extends to the familiar massive continuum free field, with the continuum action of spacetime translations. In particular, lattice fields are identified with the continuum field smeared with Daubechies’ scaling functions. We compare our scaling maps with other renormalization schemes and their features, such as the momentum shell method or block-spin transformations.
Delocalization Transition for Critical Erdős–Rényi Graphs
Authors: Alt Johannes , Ducatez Raphael , Knowles Antti 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe analyse the eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix of a critical Erdős–Rényi graph $${\mathbb {G}}(N,d/N)$$

G
(
N
,
d
/
N
)

, where d is of order $$\log N$$

log
N

. We show that its spectrum splits into two phases: a delocalized phase in the middle of the spectrum, where the eigenvectors are completely delocalized, and a semilocalized phase near the edges of the spectrum, where the eigenvectors are essentially localized on a small number of vertices. In the semilocalized phase the mass of an eigenvector is concentrated in a small number of disjoint balls centred around resonant vertices, in each of which it is a radial exponentially decaying function. The transition between the phases is sharp and is manifested in a discontinuity in the localization exponent $$\gamma (\varvec{\mathrm {w}})$$

γ
(

w

)

of an eigenvector $$\varvec{\mathrm {w}}$$

w

, defined through $$\Vert \varvec{\mathrm {w}} \Vert _\infty / \Vert \varvec{\mathrm {w}} \Vert _2 = N^{-\gamma (\varvec{\mathrm {w}})}$$

‖

w

‖

∞

/

‖

w

‖

2

=

N

-
γ
(

w

)

. Our results remain valid throughout the optimal regime $$\sqrt{\log N} \ll d \leqslant O(\log N)$$

log
N

≪
d
⩽
O

(
log
N
)

.
Non-local Markovian Symmetric Forms on Infinite Dimensional Spaces I. The closability and quasi-regularity
Authors: Albeverio Sergio , Kagawa Toshinao , Yahagi Yumi , Yoshida Minoru W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGeneral theorems on the closability and quasi-regularity of non-local Markovian symmetric forms on probability spaces $$(S, \mathcal{B}(S), \mu )$$

(
S
,
B
(
S
)
,
μ
)

, with S Fréchet spaces such that $$S \subset {{\mathbb {R}}}^{{\mathbb {N}}}$$

S
⊂

R

N

, $${{\mathcal {B}}}(S)$$

B
(
S
)

is the Borel $$\sigma $$
σ
-field of S, and $$\mu $$
μ
is a Borel probability measure on S, are introduced. Firstly, a family of non-local Markovian symmetric forms $${{\mathcal {E}}}_{(\alpha )}$$

E

(
α
)

, $$0< \alpha < 2$$

0
<
α
<
2

, acting in each given $$L^2(S; \mu )$$

L
2

(
S
;
μ
)

is defined, the index $$\alpha $$
α
characterizing the order of the non-locality. Then, it is shown that all the forms $${{\mathcal {E}}}_{(\alpha )}$$

E

(
α
)

defined on $$\bigcup _{n \in {{\mathbb {N}}}} C^{\infty }_0({{\mathbb {R}}}^n)$$

⋃

n
∈
N

C
0
∞

(

R

n

)

are closable in $$L^2(S;\mu )$$

L
2

(
S
;
μ
)

. Moreover, sufficient conditions under which the closure of the closable forms, that are Dirichlet forms, become strictly quasi-regular, are given. Finally, an existence theorem for Hunt processes properly associated to the Dirichlet forms is given. The application of the above theorems to the problem of stochastic quantizations of Euclidean $$\varPhi ^4_d$$

Φ
d
4

fields, for $$d =2, 3$$

d
=
2
,
3

, by means of these Hunt processes is indicated.
A novel CT-based automated analysis method provides comparable results with MRI in measuring brain atrophy and white matter lesions
Authors: Kaipainen Aku L , Pitkänen Johanna , Haapalinna Fanni , Jääskeläinen Olli , Jokinen Hanna , Melkas Susanna , Erkinjuntti Timo , Vanninen Ritva , Koivisto Anne M , Lötjönen Jyrki , Koikkalainen Juha , Herukka Sanna-Kaisa , Julkunen Valtteri 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Automated analysis of neuroimaging data is commonly based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but sometimes the availability is limited or a patient might have contradictions to MRI. Therefore, automated analyses of computed tomography (CT) images would be beneficial.

Methods
We developed an automated method to evaluate medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), global cortical atrophy (GCA), and the severity of white matter lesions (WMLs) from a CT scan and compared the results to those obtained from MRI in a cohort of 214 subjects gathered from Kuopio and Helsinki University Hospital registers from 2005 - 2016.

Results
The correlation coefficients of computational measures between CT and MRI were 0.9 (MTA), 0.82 (GCA), and 0.86 (Fazekas). CT-based measures were identical to MRI-based measures in 60% (MTA), 62% (GCA) and 60% (Fazekas) of cases when the measures were rounded to the nearest full grade variable. However, the difference in measures was 1 or less in 97–98% of cases. Similar results were obtained for cortical atrophy ratings, especially in the frontal and temporal lobes, when assessing the brain lobes separately. Bland–Altman plots and weighted kappa values demonstrated high agreement regarding measures based on CT and MRI.

Conclusions
MTA, GCA, and Fazekas grades can also be assessed reliably from a CT scan with our method. Even though the measures obtained with the different imaging modalities were not identical in a relatively extensive cohort, the differences were minor. This expands the possibility of using this automated analysis method when MRI is inaccessible or contraindicated.
Comparison of time to failure of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus pembrolizumab monotherapy: a consecutive analysis of patients having NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression
Authors: Takumida Hiroshi , Horinouchi Hidehito , Masuda Ken , Shinno Yuki , Okuma Yusuke , Yoshida Tatsuya , Goto Yasushi , Yamamoto Noboru , Ohe Yuichiro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction
There are two treatment strategies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibiting a high expression level of programmed death-ligand 1 (tumor proportion score ≥ 50%): pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy and monotherapy. We retrospectively compared their efficacy and safety.

Materials and methods
We reviewed the efficacy and safety of first-line pembrolizumab-containing regimens administered between 2017 and 2020 to consecutive patients. The patients were divided into a pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy group (Combo group) or monotherapy group (Mono group). To compare the efficacy, we monitored the time to failure of strategy (TFS) defined as the time from the start of treatment to the occurrence of one of the following events: the addition of any drug not included in the primary strategy, progression of cancer after complete therapy, progression and no subsequent therapy, or death, whichever occurred first. We used the propensity score matching (PSM) to reduce the bias.

Results
A total of 126 patients were identified (89 in the Mono group and 37 in the Combo group). PSM matched 36 individuals from each of the two groups. The overall response rate and median progression-free survival of the Combo group were better than those of the Mono group. However, the median TFS was almost the same (11.3 months vs. 14.9 months; hazard ratio 1.40 [95% confidence interval 0.62–3.15]). The frequency of all serious adverse effects was higher in the Combo group than in the Mono group.

Discussion
Due to similar efficacy in TFS, both pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy and monotherapy are valid options for NSCLC.
The Direct Medical Cost of Acute Appendicitis Surgery in a Resource‐Limited Setting of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Umo Ian , James Kennedy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency, and challenges in access to surgery in a low middle‐income country can direct cost implications.MethodsA prospective cost of illness study was conducted at Alotau Provincial Hospital (APH) from October 14, 2019, to June 1, 2020. A bottom‐up approach of microcosting was used to estimate the direct medical cost of consecutive patients with acute appendicitis undergoing surgery.ResultsThe mean cost of acute appendicitis surgery for each patient was K39,517.66 (US$11,460.12) for uncomplicated appendicitis, K45,873.99 (US$13,303.46) for complicated appendicitis and K38,838.80 (US$ 11,263.25) for a normal appendix. In total, the direct medical cost for acute appendicitis in this study was K4,562,625.29 (US$ 1,323,161.33) with the majority of expenditure incurred by surgical ward expenses.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that direct medical costs for uncomplicated appendicitis surgery in a resource‐limited hospital are less expensive. As the pathology progresses, the cost also exponentially increases. Policy makers and clinicians must establish appropriate curative surgical services at secondary (NOM of acute appendicitis and laparoscopic surgery) and primary health‐care levels to address acute appendicitis surgery as this can reduce costs.