bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does family involvement help small migrant businesses survive? A closer examination of family in migrant entrepreneurship
Authors: Li Zonghui , Johansen Douglas 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
Drawing on the resource-based view, this study aims to examine how family involvement in migrant-founded small businesses gives rise to distinctive resources that help these businesses survive.

Design/methodology/approach
Using microdata from the 2007 US survey of business owners (SBO), this study uses logit regression modeling to test the hypothesized relationships.

Findings
Results show that small businesses founded by migrant entrepreneurs are less likely to survive and that family involvement weakens the negative relationship between founder migrant status and business survivability. In addition, the positive moderating effect associated with family involvement is further strengthened by the use of external/borrowing startup capital, thus migrant families founded small businesses with access to external capital have the highest probability of survival.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature on both migrant entrepreneurship and family business. This paper finds family involvement in the business, interacting with the founder’s migrant status, tends to create distinctive resource endowments that help to compensate for the resource constraints associated with migrant entrepreneurs. Such resource endowments may take the form of high levels of solidarity among migrant family members and the spanning role of the migrant kinship networks extended from the country of origin to the country of residence.
Challenges in co-designing an intervention to increase mobility in older patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Kirk Jeanette , Bandholm Thomas , Andersen Ove , Husted Rasmus Skov , Tjørnhøj-Thomsen Tine , Nilsen Per , Pedersen Mette Merete 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThe aim of this study is to explore and discuss key challenges associated with having stakeholders take part in co-designing a health care intervention to increase mobility in older medical patients admitted to two medical departments at two hospitals in Denmark.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a qualitative design to investigate the challenges of co-designing an intervention in five workshops involving health professionals, patients and relatives. “Challenges” are understood as “situations of being faced with something that needs great mental or physical effort in order to be done successfully and therefore tests a person's ability” (Cambridge Dictionary). Thematic content analysis was conducted with a background in the analytical question: “What key challenges arise in the material in relation to the co-design process?”.FindingsTwo key challenges were identified: engagement and facilitation. These consisted of five sub-themes: recruiting patients and relatives, involving physicians, adjusting to a new researcher role, utilizing contextual knowledge and handling ethical dilemmas.Research limitations/implicationsThe population of patients and relatives participating in the workshops was small, which likely affected the co-design process.Practical implicationsResearchers who want to use co-design must be prepared for the extra time required and the need for skills concerning engagement, communication, facilitation, negotiation and resolution of conflict. Time is also required for ethical discussions and considerations concerning different types of knowledge creation.Originality/valueEngaging stakeholders in co-design processes is increasingly encouraged. This study documents the key challenges in such processes and reports practical implications.
Global manufacturing value networks: assessing the critical roles of platform ecosystems and Industry 4.0
Authors: Das Arindam , Dey Sourav 
Published: April 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to synthesize a manufacturing value network for digital multinationals that combines the global reach of multinationals, the power of platform business models and digitalization. Toward this, the authors assess the critical roles platform ecosystems, and Industry 4.0 play in resolving the key challenges associated with asset specificity, location specificity and information asymmetry, inherent in the conventional business models of manufacturing multinationals.Design/methodology/approachThe authors take an exploratory approach in reviewing industry literature and analyzing implementations of digital technologies in manufacturing and supply chain processes at four large manufacturing multinationals from diverse industry sectors, from electronics to packaged food production. The authors also identify how value-creation activities are relocated, and how players collaborate to create and capture value. Consequently, the authors abstract a framework for global value network of manufacturing multinationals.FindingsWith changing definitions of industry, competition and organizations, the authors’ framework for manufacturing value network establishes the ways digitalization can be integrated in the global businesses of manufacturing multinationals, realizing the combinatorial effect of Industry 4.0 and platform ecosystems. The transformation redefines the ways multinationals have been leveraging their ownership-location-internalization (OLI) advantages. The authors recognize that the multinational orchestrator plays a critical role in creating shared goals for platform participants and governing the dynamics. In addition, the participants' propensity to trust the platform and the perceived trustworthiness of the orchestrator shape the scope and boundaries of the platform.Originality/valueThe authors raise critical questions about the role of multinational orchestrator and trust dimensions. In addition, the OLI-platform paradigm that incorporates the combinatorial effect of platform ecosystem and Industry 4.0 explains how multinationals create and capture value in new ways.
Causality-in-mean and causality-in-variance among Bitcoin, Litecoin, and Ethereum
Authors: Gemici Eray , Polat Müslüm 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine the volatility spillovers between Bitcoin (BTC), Litecoin (LTC) and Ethereum (ETH) as they are related to structural breaks.

Design/methodology/approach
This study examines the daily period from August 7, 2015 to July 10, 2018 by conducting causality-in-mean and causality-in-variance tests among cryptocurrencies.

Findings
The findings showed that there was one-way causality-in-mean from BTC to LTC and ETH, but there was no causality-in-mean from LTC and ETH to BTC. On the other hand, considering the structural breaks included in the variance equations, the estimation results showed that there were short-term causality-in-variance from LTC to BTC and long-term causality-in-variance from BTC to LTC.

Originality/value
This study fills the gap by contributing in two ways. First, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that used the cross-correlation function (CCF) of causality to explore causality-in-variance among cryptocurrencies. Second, this study considers the structural breaks in variance in the return series.
Synergism between local‐ and landscape‐level pesticides reduces wild bee floral visitation in pollinator‐dependent crops
Authors: Bloom Elias H. , Wood Thomas J. , Hung Keng‐Lou James , Ternest John J. , Ingwell Laura L. , Goodell Karen , Kaplan Ian , Szendrei Zsofia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The hazard pesticides pose to pollinators are well‐understood from laboratory studies. However, the field‐level response of pollinators to pesticide use in agroecosystems is not well‐established, nor is it clear if synergisms between pesticides affect pollinator visitation to crops.

Here, we evaluated if fungicide and insecticide use posed a hazard to wild and honeybees at 87 cucurbit—pumpkin, cucumber, watermelon—farms in the Midwestern United States. We also evaluated if synergisms between local‐ (i.e. focal cucurbit field) and landscape‐level (i.e. surrounding crops) pesticide use influence wild and honeybee visitation to crop flowers.

We found that bees were exposed to pesticides above regulatory levels of concern and that synergisms between a few local insecticides and landscape‐level fungicides reduced wild bee visitation to cucurbit flowers. Honey and bumblebee visitation to crops was not strongly influenced by synergisms between pesticides used at the local and landscape level.

Synthesis and applications. We found pesticides posed hazards to honey and wild bee species. However, pesticides were less likely to affect short‐term visitation rates of honeybees compared with wild bee species. Thus, there is a need for changes in pesticide use at large spatial scales to reduce reliance on honeybees and maximize wild bee visitation to pollinator‐dependent crops. We suggest that a multifaceted approach, involving collaborations between farmers, consumers and policymakers, will be fruitful to promote changes in pesticide use and wild bee pollinators.
Integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals unique mechanisms for high osmotolerance and halotolerance in Hyphopichia yeast
Authors: Lee Dong Wook , Hong Chang Pyo , Thak Eun Jung , Park Sin‐Gi , Lee Choong Hwan , Lim Jae Yun , Seo Jeong‐Ah , Kang Hyun Ah 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe yeast species Hyphopichia is common in nature and strongly competitive under harsh environmental conditions. Here, we characterized Hyphopichia burtonii KJJ43 and H. pseudoburtonii KJS14, which exhibit strong halotolerance, using genomic and transcriptomic analyses. The genomes of H. burtonii and H. pseudoburtonii comprised eight chromosomes with 85.17% nucleotide identity and significant divergence in synteny. Notably, both Hyphopichia genomes possessed extended gene families of amino acid permeases and ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, whose dynamic expression patterns during osmotic stress were revealed using transcriptome profiling. Intriguingly, we found unique features of the HOG pathway activated by Hog1p even under non‐osmotic stress conditions and the upregulation of cytosolic Gpd1 protein during osmotic stress. Associated with hyperfilamentation growth under high osmotic conditions, a set of genes in the FLO family with induced expression in response to NaCl, KCl, and sorbitol supplementation were identified. Moreover, comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the NaCl‐specific induction of genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, particularly BAT2. This suggests the potential association between oxoacid reaction involving branched‐chain amino acids and osmotolerance. The combined omics analysis of two Hyphopichia species provides insights into the novel mechanisms involved in salt and osmo‐stress tolerance exploited by diverse eukaryotic organisms.
Individual Microcystis colonies harbour distinct bacterial communities that differ by Microcystis oligotype and with time
Authors: Smith Derek J. , Tan James Y. , Powers McKenzie A. , Lin Xiaoxia N. , Davis Timothy W. , Dick Gregory J. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryInteractions between bacteria and phytoplankton in the phycosphere have impacts at the scale of whole ecosystems, including the development of harmful algal blooms. The cyanobacterium Microcystis causes toxic blooms that threaten freshwater ecosystems and human health globally. Microcystis grows in colonies that harbour dense assemblages of other bacteria, yet the taxonomic composition of these phycosphere communities and the nature of their interactions with Microcystis are not well characterized. To identify the taxa and compositional variance within Microcystis phycosphere communities, we performed 16S rRNA V4 region amplicon sequencing on individual Microcystis colonies collected biweekly via high‐throughput droplet encapsulation during a western Lake Erie cyanobacterial bloom. The Microcystis phycosphere communities were distinct from microbial communities in whole water and bulk phytoplankton seston in western Lake Erie but lacked ‘core’ taxa found across all colonies. However, dissimilarity in phycosphere community composition correlated with sampling date and the Microcystis 16S rRNA oligotype. Several taxa in the phycosphere were specific to and conserved with Microcystis of a single oligotype or sampling date. Together, this suggests that physiological differences between Microcystis strains, temporal changes in strain phenotypes, and the composition of seeding communities may impact community composition of the Microcystis phycosphere.
English Devolution and the Covid‐19 Pandemic: Governing Dilemmas in the Shadow of the Treasury
Authors: Warner Sam , Richards David , Coyle Diane , Smith Martin J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article explores the question of devolution in the light of the Covid‐19 pandemic's impact on English local government. Criticism of the government's handling of the crisis is widespread and tends to focus on the highly centralised nature of the British state. Here, we attribute the challenges faced by regional and local government in responding to the pandemic primarily to the asymmetric nature of power relations that characterise financial planning and control mechanisms, devised and overseen by the Treasury. We argue that the ongoing crisis underlines the need for a democratic form of devolution—including further fiscal powers for regional and local government—to support the economic recovery. In a context of increasing fiscal uncertainty, the Treasury should seek to unlock the existing powers of local leaders by reforming centralised budgetary constraints and taking accountability and monitoring mechanisms closer to citizens.
Improved trends of lung cancer mortality‐to‐incidence ratios in countries with high healthcare expenditure
Authors: Sung Wen‐Wei , Au Kwong‐Kwok , Wu Han‐Ru , Yu Chia‐Ying , Wang Yao‐Chen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer stage has a significant impact on prognosis, and early detection of lung cancer relies on screenings. Despite the strong relationship between screening and lung cancer staging, the role of healthcare expenditure in lung cancer outcomes remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between economic status and clinical outcomes in lung cancer.MethodsData were obtained from GLOBOCAN and the World Health Organization. Mortality‐to‐incidence ratios (MIRs) and their change over time, calculated as the difference between the MIRs of 2012 and 2018 (δMIR), were used to evaluate their correlation to expenditures on healthcare and human development index (HDI) disparities via Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.ResultsRegions such as North America have relatively high crude incidence rates but low MIR values. Furthermore, countries with lower crude incidence rates spent less on healthcare. The results show significant negative associations between HDI, current health expenditure (CHE) per capita, CHE as a percentage of gross domestic product (CHE/GDP), and MIR. As for MIR and δMIR, countries with favorable MIRs also showed improving MIRs based on δMIR.ConclusionsHDI, CHE per capita, CHE/GDP, and development status play noticeable roles in the prognosis of lung cancer, leading to large disparities in clinical outcomes.
Urgent lung transplantation for thymic neoplasm‐associated severe constrictive bronchiolitis with bronchiectasis and radiotherapy‐induced organizing pneumonia: A case report
Authors: Štupnik Tomaž , Dolenšek Marija Iča , Mlakar Jernej , Stanič Karmen , Harlander Matevž , Škrgat Sabina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHere, we present the case of a 28‐year‐old woman who developed severe and progressive thymoma‐associated constrictive bronchiolitis with bronchiectasis, despite undergoing thymectomy. The disease was further complicated by radiation‐induced organizing pneumonia (RIOP), which developed after adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for Masaoka stage II thymoma. The patient was successfully treated with an urgent lung transplantation (LTx) for irreversible respiratory failure.
The Necessity / Possibility to Re‐name: A Spiritual Autoethnography
Authors: Rafi Haleh 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThis article is a spiritual autoethnography that discusses the necessity and possibility of finding names for personal religious or spiritual beliefs. It investigates the multiple nature of selfhood, crossing boundaries, and shifting identities by relating the life story of the author from being born a Muslim to being an atheist, and then to becoming interested in religious mysticism and being a devoted spiritual traveler. By means of autoethnographic techniques, the article illustrates how people are urged to find new names for what they are specifically when they perform religious rules of a faith in a different way. The article also discusses the consequences of re‐naming.
Negative effects of nitrogen deposition on Swiss butterflies
Authors: Roth Tobias , Kohli Lukas , Rihm Beat , Meier Reto , Amrhein Valentin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNitrogen (N) deposition from agriculture and combustion of fossil fuels is a major threat to plant diversity, but its effects on organisms at higher trophic levels are unclear. We investigated how N deposition may affect species richness and abundance (number of individuals per species) in butterflies. We reviewed the peer‐reviewed literature on variables used to explain spatial variation in butterfly species richness and found that vegetation variables appeared to be as important as climate and habitat variables in explaining butterfly species richness. It thus seemed likely that increased N deposition could indirectly affect butterfly communities via its influence on plant communities. To test this prediction, we analyzed data from the Swiss biodiversity monitoring program for vascular plants and butterflies in 383 study sites of 1 km2 that are evenly distributed throughout Switzerland. The area has a modeled N deposition gradient of 2–44 kg N ha−1 year−1. We used traditional linear models and structural equation models to infer the drivers of the spatial variation in butterfly species richness across Switzerland. High N deposition was consistently linked to low butterfly diversity, suggesting a net loss of butterfly diversity through increased N deposition. We hypothesize that at low elevations, N deposition may contribute to a reduction in butterfly species richness via microclimatic cooling due to increased plant biomass. At higher elevations, negative effects of N deposition on butterfly species richness may also be mediated by reduced plant species richness. In most butterfly species, abundance was negatively related to N deposition, but the strongest negative effects were found for species of conservation concern. We conclude that in addition to factors such as intensified agriculture, habitat fragmentation, and climate change, N deposition is likely to play a key role in negatively affecting butterfly diversity and abundance.
Digital Responses of UK Museum Exhibitions to the COVID‐19 Crisis, March – June 2020
Authors: King Ellie , Smith M. Paul , Wilson Paul F. , Williams Mark A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe impact of the COVID‐19 Crisis on museums and galleries has been paramount, with the sector taking on long‐term recovery plans. This paper examines this crisis in the context of temporary exhibition programmes of UK museums, studying online content for 21 museums with exhibitions due to open between March and June 2020. Analysis was conducted, noting how COVID was considered, how content was presented, and discussing the emerging themes of access, embodiment, and human connection. In considering these results in the context of wider digital heritage literature, several questions are raised in terms of how digital content is conceptualised, presented, and valued. At a crucial turning point in the sector, these aspects will need to be considered as museums and galleries continue to adapt in light of a post‐COVID world where practices, both digital and physical, will undoubtedly shift.
Whitney Comorbidity Index to monitor health status for adults with cerebral palsy: validation and thresholds to assist clinical decision making
Authors: Whitney Daniel G , Basu Tanima 
Published: April 2021

AimTo validate the Whitney Comorbidity Index (WCI), which was recently developed to monitor disease status for adults with cerebral palsy (CP), and to identify WCI scores associated with an increased mortality risk using a representative sample of adults with CP.MethodData from 2016 to 2018 were used from a random 20% sample from the fee‐for‐service Medicare database for this retrospective cohort study. The WCI was examined as unweighted (WCIunw) and weighted (WCIw) among adults at least 18 years old with CP. Cox regression models were developed with mortality as the outcome after adjusting for demographics. A concordance statistic (C‐statistic) of at least 0.70 was considered as showing sufficient validity. The hazard ratio of mortality for each WCI score was estimated. Secondary analyses were performed for subgroups with co‐occurring epilepsy and/or intellectual disabilities.ResultsFor the entire group (n=16 728) and subgroups, the WCI showed sufficient validity (C‐statistic 0.73–0.81). For the entire group, the mortality rate was elevated for a score of 1 compared with 0 from the WCIunw (hazard ratio 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52–6.17) and WCIw (hazard ratio 4.08; 95% CI 1.69–9.85), and became larger with each WCI score. Results were similar for the subgroups.InterpretationThe WCI is a valid marker for health/disease status for adults with CP. Several WCI score thresholds were identified to assist in clinical decision making for preventive medicine and intervention implementation.What this paper adds

The Whitney Comorbidity Index (WCI) is valid among 16 728 adults with CP.

The WCI is valid for those with co‐occurring epilepsy and/or intellectual disabilities.

Thresholds of the WCI score were identified to assist clinical decision making.
Risk factors for invasive fungal infection in 5‐azacytidine treated patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Tey Amanda , Shaw Briony , Cardamone Luke , Shepherd Sam , Paul Eldho , Rogers Ben , Shortt Jake 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe rate of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in patients with myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving 5‐azacytidine is incompletely defined and published recommendations for mold‐active fungal prophylaxis in such patients vary according to source. We performed a retrospective cohort study in order to identify contemporary IFI rates and infection‐related mortality in relation to known risk factors and the use of antifungal prophylaxis. One hundred and seventeen patients receiving 5‐azacytidine for MDS and low blast count AML were identified, of whom 71 (61%) received antifungal prophylaxis. The IFI rate was 7.7% across the entire cohort: 5.6% in those receiving prophylaxis vs 10.9% in the subgroup who did not (P = .30). The presence of neutropenia at three months of treatment was associated with increased IFI risk (hazard ratio [HR] 8.29; (95% confidence interval [CI)] 1.61‐42.6; P = .01), and on multivariate analysis, IFI was independently associated with increased all‐cause mortality risk (HR 8.37; 95% CI 3.67 ‐ 19.11; P < .0001). These data further highlight the risk of IFI in this population and support the use of mold‐active prophylaxis in neutropenic patients receiving 5‐azacytidine for MDS and AML.