bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Kinerja Guru dalam Melaksanakan Pembelajaran yang Efektif Melalui Supervisi Observasi Kelas di SD Negeri 3 Sekongkang Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021
Authors: Muhiddah  
Published: January 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian tindakan sekolah ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana peningkatan kinerja guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran yang efektif di SD Negeri 3 Sekongkang melalui supervisi observasi kelas. Dalam penelitian Tindakan Sekolah ini variabel yang akan diteliti adalah Meningkatkan kinerja guru melalui pembinaan supervisi Observasi kelas di SD Negeri 3 Sekongkang Kecamatan Sekongkang Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat dengan tehnik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi dan angket. Penelitian tindakan ini dilakukan dalam 3 siklus, dari hasil tindakan yang dilakukan terbukti dapat meningkatkan kinerja guru dengan mencapai standar ideal. peningkatan kinerja guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran yang efektif, melalui pembinaan supervisi observasi kelas hasilnya sangat baik. Hal itu tampak pada pertemuan pertama dari 5 orang guru yang ada pada saat penelitian ini dilakukan nilai rata rata mencapai; 60,7% meningkat menjadi 71,4% dan pada siklus 3 meningkat menjadi 82,1 %. Hasil penelitian tindakan sekolah ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan supervisi observasi kelas kepala sekolah dapat meningkatkan kinerja guru dengan ketuntasan mencapai 100 %, tanggapan guru adalah sangat positif terhadap pembinaan yang dilakukan kepala sekolah melalui supervisi observasi kelas
Fire and vegetation dynamics in northwest Siberia during the last 60 years based on high-resolution remote sensing
Authors: Sizov Oleg , Ezhova Ekaterina , Tsymbarovich Petr , Soromotin Andrey , Prihod'ko Nikolay , Petäjä Tuukka , Zilitinkevich Sergej , Kulmala Markku , Bäck Jaana , Köster Kajar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The rapidly warming Arctic undergoes transitions that can influence global carbon balance. One of the key processes is the shift towards vegetation types with higher biomass underlining a stronger carbon sink. The shift is predicted by bioclimatic models based on abiotic climatic factors, but it is not always confirmed with observations. Recent studies highlight the role of disturbances in the shift. Here we use high-resolution remote sensing to study the process of transition from tundra to forest and its connection to wildfires in the 20 000 km2 area in northwest Siberia. Overall, 40 % of the study area was burned during a 60-year period. Three-quarters of the burned areas were dry tundra. About 10 % of the study area experienced two–three fires with an interval of 15–60 years suggesting a shorter fire return interval than that reported earlier for the northern areas of central Siberia (130–350 years). Based on our results, the shift in vegetation (within the 60-year period) occurred in 40 %–85 % of the burned territories. All fire-affected territories were flat; therefore no effect of topography was detected. Oppositely, in the undisturbed areas, a transition of vegetation was observed only in 6 %–15 % of the territories, characterized by steeper topographic slopes. Our results suggest a strong role of disturbances in the tree advance in northwest Siberia.
Evaluating the utility of qualitative personal diaries in precipitation reconstruction in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
Authors: Harvey-Fishenden Alice , Macdonald Neil 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. To date few studies have reconstructed weather from
personal diaries (also known as private diaries). In this paper, we consider
different methods of indexing daily weather information, specifically
precipitation, from eighteenth and nineteenth-century personal diaries. We
examine whether there is a significant correlation between indexed weather
information and local instrumental records for the period, thereby assessing
the potential of discursive materials in reconstructing precipitation
series. We demonstrate the potential for the use of diaries that record
weather incidentally rather than as the primary purpose, and the value and
utility of diaries covering short periods when used alongside nearby
contemporary diaries. We show that using multiple overlapping personal
diaries can help to produce a more objective record of the weather,
overcoming some of the challenges of working with qualitative data. This
paper demonstrates indices derived from such qualitative sources can create
valuable records of precipitation. There is the potential to repeat the
methodology described here using earlier material or material from further
away from extant instrumental records, thereby addressing spatial and
temporal gaps in current knowledge globally.
Hydrological signals in tilt and gravity residuals at Conrad Observatory (Austria)
Authors: Meurers Bruno , Papp Gábor , Ruotsalainen Hannu , Benedek Judit , Leonhardt Roman 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The superconducting gravimeter (SG) GWR C025 has monitored the time variation in gravity at the Conrad Observatory (Austria) since autumn 2007. Two tiltmeters have operated continuously since spring 2016, namely a 5.5 m long interferometric water level tiltmeter and a Lippmann-type 2D pendulum tilt sensor. The co-located and co-oriented set up enables a wide range of investigations because the tilts are sensitive to both geometrical solid Earth deformations and to gravity potential changes. The tide-free residuals of the SG and both tiltmeters clearly reflect the gravity and/or deformation effects associated with short- and long-term environmental processes and reveal a complex water transport process at the observatory site. Water accumulation on the terrain surface causes short-term (a few hours) effects which are clearly imaged by the SG gravity and N–S tilt residuals. Long-term (> a few days/weeks) tilt and gravity variations occur frequently after long-lasting rain, heavy rain or rapid snowmelt. Gravity and tilt residuals are associated with the same hydrological process but have different physical causes. SG gravity residuals reveal the gravitational effect of water mass transport, while modelling results exclude a purely gravitational source of the observed tilts. Tilt residuals show the response on surface loading instead. Tilts can be strongly affected by strain–tilt coupling (cavity effect). N–S tilt signals are much stronger than those of the E–W component, which is most probably due to the cavity effect of the 144 m long tunnel being oriented in an E–W direction.
Design of parametric risk transfer solutions for volcanic eruptions: an application to Japanese volcanoes
Authors: Oramas-Dorta Delioma , Tirabassi Giulio , Franco Guillermo , Magill Christina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Volcanic eruptions are rare but potentially catastrophic phenomena, affecting societies and economies through different pathways. The 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption in Iceland, a medium-sized ash-fall-producing eruption, caused losses in the range of billions of dollars, mainly to the aviation and tourism industries. Financial risk transfer mechanisms such as insurance are used by individuals, companies, governments, etc., to protect themselves from losses associated with natural catastrophes. In this work, we conceptualize and design a parametric risk transfer mechanism to offset losses to building structures arising from large, ash-fall-producing volcanic eruptions. Such a transfer mechanism relies on the objective measurement of physical characteristics of volcanic eruptions that are correlated with the size of resulting losses (in this case, height of the eruptive column and predominant direction of ash dispersal) in order to pre-determine payments to the risk cedent concerned. We apply this risk transfer mechanism to the case of Mount Fuji in Japan by considering a potential risk cedent such as a regional government interested in offsetting losses to dwellings in the heavily populated prefectures of Tokyo and Kanagawa. The simplicity in determining eruptive column height and ash fall dispersal direction makes this design suitable for extrapolation to other volcanic settings worldwide where significant ash-fall-producing eruptions may occur, provided these parameters are reported by an official, reputable agency and a suitable loss model is available for the volcanoes of interest.
Data assimilation of sea surface temperature and salinity using basin-scale reconstruction from empirical orthogonal functions: a feasibility study in the northeastern Baltic Sea
Authors: Zujev Mihhail , Elken Jüri , Lagemaa Priidik 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The tested data assimilation (DA) method based on EOF
(Empirical Orthogonal Functions) reconstruction of observations decreased
centred root-mean-square difference (RMSD) of surface temperature (SST) and
salinity (SSS) in reference to observations in the NE Baltic Sea by 22 %
and 34 %, respectively, compared to the control run without DA. The method
is based on the covariance estimates from long-term model data. The
amplitudes of the pre-calculated dominating EOF modes are estimated from
point observations using least-squares optimization; the method builds the
variables on a regular grid. The study used a large number of in situ FerryBox
observations along four ship tracks from 1 May to 31 December 2015, and
observations from research vessels. Within DA, observations were
reconstructed as daily SST and SSS maps on the coarse grid with a resolution
of 5 × 10 arcmin by N and E (ca. 5 nautical miles) and
subsequently were interpolated to the fine grid of the prognostic model with
a resolution of 0.5 × 1 arcmin by N and E (ca. 0.5 nautical
miles). The fine-grid observational fields were used in the DA relaxation
scheme with daily interval. DA with EOF reconstruction technique was found
to be feasible for further implementation studies, since (1) the method that works
on the large-scale patterns (mesoscale features are neglected by taking only
the leading EOF modes) improves the high-resolution model performance by a
comparable or even better degree than in the other published studies, and (2) the
method is computationally effective.
Aeroelastic analysis of wind turbines under turbulent inflow conditions
Authors: Guma Giorgia , Bangga Galih , Lutz Thorsten , Krämer Ewald 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The aeroelastic response of a 2 MW NM80 turbine with a rotor diameter of 80 m and interaction phenomena are investigated by the use of a high-fidelity model. A time-accurate unsteady fluid–structure interaction (FSI) coupling is used between a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code for the aerodynamic response and a multi-body simulation (MBS) code for the structural response. Different CFD models of the same turbine with increasing complexity and technical details are coupled to the same MBS model in order to identify the impact of the different modeling approaches. The influence of the blade and tower flexibility and of the inflow turbulence is analyzed starting from a specific case of the DANAERO experiment, where a comparison with experimental data is given. A wider range of uniform inflow velocities are investigated by the use of a blade element momentum (BEM) aerodynamic model. Lastly a fatigue analysis is performed from load signals in order to identify the most damaging load cycles and the fatigue ratio between the different models, showing that a highly turbulent inflow has a larger impact than flexibility, when low inflow velocities are considered. The results without the injection of turbulence are also discussed and compared to the ones provided by the BEM code AeroDyn.
Positive Job Search Experience for New Pathologists Seeking First Employment Between 2017 and 2019
Authors: Shyu Irene , Johnson Kristen A. , Gratzinger Dita , Brissette Mark D. , Childs John M. , Dixon Lisa R. , George Melissa R. , McCloskey Cindy B. , Prieto Victor G. , Rojiani Amyn M. , Timmons Charles F. , Hoffman Robert D. 
Published: January 2021

Context.—
An aging population calls for an adequate response in the workforce of medical professionals. The field of pathology has seen a downward trend in numbers of graduating US allopathic medical students choosing the specialty. Concerns about the job market after residency and fellowship graduation may be a contributing factor.

Objective.—
To provide an update on the trends emerging from a survey of pathology graduates' job search experience for their first nonfellowship position.

Design.—
Data from an annual job search survey sent by the College of American Pathologists Graduate Medical Education Committee between 2017 and 2019 to College of American Pathologists junior members and fellows in practice 3 years or less actively looking for a nonfellowship position was analyzed. Various indicators of the job search experience were compared year to year and with the previously published 2012 to 2016 benchmark data.

Results.—
Analysis revealed positive trends between the 2017 to 2019 data and the 2012 to 2016 benchmark data, including participants' perceiving more ease in finding a position, improved availability of jobs in their subspecialty choice, and higher ratings of satisfaction with the position accepted, as well as a greater proportion of respondents finding a position within 6 months of initiating their job search.

Conclusions.—
The job market for pathology residents and fellows looking for their first nonfellowship position has improved with respect to multiple indicators, such as ease of finding a position, length of job search, and satisfaction with the position accepted when comparing 2017 to 2019 data with the 2012 to 2016 benchmark data.
Overview of New Onset Diabetes after Transplantation Induced by Tacrolimus
Authors: Bakhdar Fatmah Abdullah 
Published: January 2021

Tacrolimus is an important therapy in the post-transplant immunosuppressant regimen. However, it is responsible for the highest incidence of a specific type of diabetes called new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT). The dangers of NODAT are not limited to cardiovascular or nerve diseases, but also to kidney complication that may lead to loss of transplant kidney. The aim of this article is to discuss the possible theory of NODAT induces by tacrolimus and its common therapy. In addition, this research is to enhance knowledge about the pharmacokinetic and dynamic of tacrolimus. This review depends on research in reliable and popular medical databases which are PubMed, Google Scholar, Saudi Digital Library, and Web of Science (ISI). While the terms used to search the published researches are organ transplantation, immunosuppressant, tacrolimus, new-onset diabetes after transplantation, and hypoglycemic drug.
The effects of concurrent oral paliperidone or risperidone use with paliperidone long-acting injection
Authors: Stump Trevor A. , Nelson Leigh Anne , Liu Yifei , Kriz Carrie R. , Iuppa Courtney A. , Diefenderfer Lauren A. , Lang Shelby E. , Elliot Ellie S. R. , Sommi Roger W. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Dosing recommendations for paliperidone long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAIA) do not include oral antipsychotic (OAP) overlap; however, OAPs are often given concurrently despite limited evidence describing both the risks and benefits of this practice.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted in patients initiated on paliperidone palmitate (PP) during a psychiatric hospitalization to compare patients who received OAP overlap versus those who did not. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients who receive prescription claims for benztropine, a medication commonly prescribed for extrapyramidal symptoms, at the time of LAIA discontinuation and 6 months postdischarge. Secondary outcomes include prescription claims for beta blockers and diphenhydramine, number of psychiatric emergency visits and hospitalizations, length of stay of the index hospitalization, frequency of LAIA discontinuation and the time to LAIA discontinuation.

Results
There is a significant difference in the proportion of benztropine prescription claims in the OAP overlap group versus the no-overlap group at the time of LAIA discontinuation (30% vs 0%, P = .046) but not at 6 months postdischarge. There are also significant differences in the number of psychiatric emergency visits (0.7 vs 0.1, P = .02) and psychiatric hospitalizations (0.6 vs 0.1, P = .029) at the time of LAIA discontinuation. No other differences are observed in defined secondary outcomes.

Discussion
Patients who receive OAP overlap while receiving PP receive more benztropine and have more psychiatric emergency visits and hospitalizations than those treated without OAP. Larger studies with better control for confounding variables are needed to confirm these results.
Successful bilateral electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with a seizure disorder taking levetiracetam, lorazepam, and zonisamide: A case report
Authors: McGrane Ian R. , Tenison Rachel E. , Bimler Dana M. , Munjal Robert C. , Molinaro Jason R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be considered for treatment of severe, treatment-resistant, and emergent depression associated with MDD or bipolar disorder. Patients with epilepsy usually take medications that raise the seizure threshold, which poses challenges during ECT. We report a 66-year-old male with epilepsy taking levetiracetam extended-release (XR), lorazepam, and zonisamide requiring ECT for severe MDD. After literature review, the XR form of levetiracetam was changed to higher doses of the immediate-release (IR) formulation, and zonisamide was discontinued 2 days prior to ECT in the hospital and was resumed when the patient underwent outpatient continuation ECT. The patient was treated to remission after receiving 8 acute bilateral ECT treatments before being transitioned to continuation ECT. We provide a brief review of medication management of antiepileptic drugs and other medications that increase the seizure threshold during ECT. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case describing the management of levetiracetam, lorazepam, and zonisamide concomitantly during ECT. Our case suggests that utilizing the IR formulation of levetiracetam, administering the evening dose early the day prior to the procedure, and temporarily discontinuing zonisamide prior to bilateral ECT is effective for the treatment of severe MDD while maintaining seizure prophylaxis.
Undetectable serum lithium concentrations after coadministration of liquid lithium citrate and apple juice: A case report
Authors: Awan Sundus , Abelleira Audrey , Khehra Loveleen , Hieber Robin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLithium is a mood-stabilizing medication approved by the FDA for the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar disorder as well as maintenance treatment. Lithium citrate is an oral solution, and the carbonate salt is available as oral capsules or extended-release tablets. A patient with a psychiatric history of PTSD and schizoaffective disorder–bipolar type, maintained on lithium and olanzapine prior to admission, was admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit due to destabilization, paranoia, and mania. He was started on lithium citrate, administered with apple juice, while admitted due to nonadherence. An initial serum lithium concentration was found to be undetectable. Lithium was then administered with an alternative non–apple juice liquid, at which point serum lithium concentration became detectable and patient clinically improved. Lithium concentrations may be impacted by a number of causes, such as underlying medical conditions, drug interactions, and diet. As the majority of these factors remained stable during the patient's admission and the serum lithium concentration became detectable after switching from apple juice to an alternative non–apple juice liquid, it led to the identification of a possible incompatibility.
Just‐in‐time clinical video review improves successful placement of Sengstaken‐Blakemore tube by emergency medicine resident physicians: A randomized control simulation‐based study
Authors: Bonz James W. , Pope Joshua K. , Wong Ambrose H. , Ray Jessica M. , Evans Leigh V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveSuccessful completion of life‐saving procedures may benefit from a concise just‐in‐time (JIT) intervention. Video is an optimal medium for JIT training, but currently available video‐based references are not optimized for a JIT format, especially in time‐pressured situations prior to high‐risk clinical contexts. We aimed to create and evaluate the efficacy of a brief video review of emergent Sengstaken‐Blakemore tube (SBT) insertion for acutely decompensating variceal hemorrhage when used just prior to clinical performance in a simulated setting.MethodsWe created a less than 3‐minute audio‐optional JIT training video on SBT insertion. We recruited emergency medicine resident physicians to participate in a simulation scenario in which they had to quickly place an SBT. Participants were randomized to either a 3‐minute procedure review by any media they chose (control) or review of the JIT video (intervention). Performance on a checklist created by a multidisciplinary group of SBT experts (passing score > 18 and maximum = 28) served as the primary outcome. We analyzed performance in checklist scores controlling level of training through a one‐way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). We analyzed rates of passing scores via a chi‐square analysis.ResultsWe randomized 32 participants to media review (control) or JIT video (intervention). The intervention group had an overall mean (±SD) performance of 19.8 (±9.0) and the control group had a mean (±SD) score of 6.6 (±7.4). After adjusting for postgraduate year, we found a significant difference in final checklist scores between the two groups (mean difference = 12.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.6 to 18.0). Percentages of participants reaching a minimum passing score were two of 16 (12.5%) in the control group and 10 of 16 (62.5%) in the intervention group (odds ratio = 11.7, 95% CI = 9.9 to 13.5). Cohen's kappa indicated substantial agreement (κ = 0.714) between reviewer scores.ConclusionsA readily available, focused, audio‐optional JIT video increased performance for SBT insertion in a simulated setting. Future work may include testing of this format for more commonly performed emergency procedures and determination of effect on bedside performance in the clinical setting.
A Systematic Review of Adolescent Masculinities and Associations with Internalizing Behavior Problems and Social Support
Authors: Exner‐Cortens Deinera , Wright Alysia , Claussen Caroline , Truscott Emma 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInterest in the connection between masculinities and mental health continues to grow. However, no previous systematic review has explored this association for adolescents. We present the systematic review of 29 articles that explore the connection between adherence to stereotypical male gender role norms (e.g., emotional restriction), attributes (e.g., “ambitious”), and identity (most commonly, gender “typicality”) and internalizing behavior problems and social support. A total of 24,795 adolescent boys (6th‐12th grade) were included in the reviewed studies from 1997–2017. In the quantitative articles (n = 20), associations varied by aspect of masculinity assessed. Specifically, we found that greater endorsement of “masculine” traits (e.g., ambitious, assertive) was generally associated with fewer internalizing behavior problems and greater social support. However, lower gender “typicality” and higher adherence to stereotypical gender role norms were generally associated with more internalizing behavior problems and lower social support. In the qualitative articles (n = 9), the most predominant theme was emotional restriction (i.e., a gender role norm) and consequences for mental health. While research in this area is newer for community psychologists, the connection between masculinities and mental health is directly relevant to the field. Given the focus on individual‐level conceptions of masculinity and mental health found in our review, we describe key future directions for masculinities research in community psychology.