bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between electronic devices use and common mental traits: A gene–environment interaction model using the UK Biobank data
Authors: Ye Jing , Cheng Shiqiang , Chu Xiaomeng , Wen Yan , Cheng Bolun , Liu Li , Liang Chujun , Kafle Om Prakash , Jia Yumeng , Wu Cuiyan , Wang Sen , Wang Xi , Ning Yujie , Zhang Feng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundElectronic devices use has been reported to be associated with depression. However, limited effort has been provided to elucidate the associations between electronic devices use and mental traits in interaction with genetic factors.MethodsWe first conducted an observational study consisting of 138 976–383 742 participants for TV watching, 29 636–38 599 participants for computer using and 118 61–330 985 participants for computer playing in the UK Biobank cohort. A linear regression model was used to evaluate the associations between common mental traits and electronic devices use. Subsequently, a genome‐wide gene–environment interaction study (GWEIS) was performed by PLINK2.0 to estimate the interaction effects of genes and electronic devices use on the risks of the four mental traits.ResultsIn the UK Biobank cohort, significant associations were observed between electronic devices use and mental traits (all P < 1.0 × 10−9), including depression score (B = 0.094 for TV watching), anxiety score (B = 0.051 for TV watching), cigarette smoking (B = 0.046 for computer using) and alcohol drinking (B = 0.010 for computer playing). GWEIS identified multiple mental traits associated loci, interacting with electronic devices use, such as DCDC2 (rs115986722, P = 4.10 × 10−10) for anxiety score and TV watching, PRKCE (rs56181965, P = 9.64 × 10−10) for smoking and computer using and FRMD4A (rs56227933, P = 7.42 × 10−11) for depression score and computer playing.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that electronic devices use was associated with common mental traits and provided new clues for understanding genetic architecture of mental traits.
Light and transmission electron microscopic evaluation of the lamina epithelialis mucosae in the ileum of pre‐ and post‐hatch broiler chicken
Authors: Udoumoh Anietie Francis , Nwaogu Innocent Chima , Igwebuike Udensi Maduabuchi , Obidike Ikechukwu Reginald 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMorphological development of the lamina epithelialis mucosae (LEM) of the ileum of broiler chicken was evaluated using light and transmission electron microscopic techniques. Ileal sections were collected on embryonic days (ED) 14, 17 and 19, as well as post‐hatch days (PD) 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 56. The result showed that the ileal LEM, which were poorly defined at embryonic days 14 and 17, consisted of enterocytes and some atypically shaped goblet cells. Apico‐lateral tight junctions and irregularly shaped microvilli were associated with the enterocytes at ED 14 and 17. The enterocyte microvilli were more uniform in shape and distribution at ED 19. The embryonic goblet cells were varied in shape and possessed basally displaced, star‐shaped nuclei and small apical cytoplasmic vacuoles. During the post‐hatch ages, the LEM was a typical epithelium with a single layer of columnar‐shaped enterocytes that became highly elongated at post‐hatch day (PD) 7. The goblet cells were characteristically ‘wine‐glass’ shaped. Follicle‐associated epithelium (FAE) showing numerous lymphocytes among the enterocytes occurred in the post‐hatch LEM. The intra‐epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were first encountered at PD 1, but increased several folds within the first two weeks post‐hatch. Entero‐endocrine cells were observed in the epithelium from PD 21. Finally, from this study, it is obvious that enterocytes and small atypically shaped goblet cells occur in the ileal LEM during the pre‐hatch period, but these cells assume adult morphological characteristics after hatch. Thus, the cells of the ileal LEM play strategic absorptive, secretory and protective roles in the gut.
The economic impact of machine perfusion technology in liver transplantation
Authors: Boteon Yuri L. , Hessheimer Amelia J. , Brüggenwirth Isabel M. A. , Boteon Amanda P. C. S. , Padilla María , de Meijer Vincent E. , Domínguez‐Gil Beatriz , Porte Robert J. , Perera M. Thamara P. R. , Martins Paulo N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionSeveral clinical studies have demonstrated the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of machine perfusion in liver transplantation, although its economic outcomes are still underexplored. This review aimed to examine the costs related to machine perfusion and its associated outcomes.MethodsExpert opinion of several groups representing different machine perfusion modalities. Critical analysis of the published literature reporting the economic outcomes of the most used techniques of machine perfusion in liver transplantation (normothermic and hypothermic ex situ machine perfusion and in situ normothermic regional perfusion).ResultsMachine perfusion costs include disposable components of the perfusion device, perfusate components, personnel and facility fees, and depreciation of the perfusion device or device lease fee. The limited current literature suggests that although this upfront cost varies between perfusion modalities, its use is highly likely to be cost‐effective. Optimization of the donor liver utilization rate, local conditions of transplant programs (long waiting list times and higher MELD scores), a decreased rate of complications, changes in logistics, and length of hospital stay are potential cost savings points that must highlight the expected benefits of this intervention. An additional unaccounted factor is that machine perfusion optimizing donor organ utilization allows patients to be transplanted earlier, avoiding clinical deterioration while on the waiting list and the costs associated with hospital admissions and other required procedures.ConclusionSo far, the clinical benefits have guided machine perfusion implementation in liver transplantation. Albeit there is data suggesting the economic benefit of the technique, further investigation of its costs to healthcare systems and society and associated outcomes is needed.
Real‐world outcomes of rapid regional hepatitis C virus treatment scale‐up among people who inject drugs in Tayside, Scotland
Authors: Byrne Christopher J. , Beer Lewis , Inglis Sarah K. , Robinson Emma , Radley Andrew , Goldberg David J. , Hickman Matthew , Hutchinson Sharon , Dillon John F. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryBackgroundIn 2017, Tayside, a region in the East of Scotland, rapidly scaled‐up Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) outreach and treatment among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) using novel community care pathways.AimsWe aimed to determine treatment outcomes for PWID during the scale‐up against pre‐determined targets; and assess re‐infection, mortality, and post‐treatment follow up.MethodsHCV treatment was delivered in community pharmacies, drug treatment centres, nurse‐led outreach clinics, prisons, and needle exchanges, alongside conventional hospital care. We retrospectively analysed clinical outcomes and compared pathways using logistic regression models.ResultsOf 800 estimated HCV‐infected PWID, 718 (90%) were diagnosed. 713 treatments commenced among 662 (92%) PWID, delivering 577 (81%) Sustained Virologic Responses (SVR). SVR was 91% among those who attended for testing. Forty‐six individuals were treated more than once. Needle exchanges and community pharmacies initiated 49% of all treatments. Regression analyses implied pharmacies had superior follow‐up, but there was no difference in likelihood of achieving SVR in community pathways relative to hospital care. Re‐infection occurred 39 times over 256.57 person years (PY), yielding a rate of 15.20 per 100 PY (95% CI 10.81‐20.78). 54 deaths occurred (29 drug related) over 1,553.04 PY, yielding a mortality rate of 3.48 per 100 PY (95% CI 2.61‐4.54). Drug‐related mortality was 1.87 per 100 PY (95% CI 1.25‐2.68).ConclusionsRapid HCV treatment scale‐up to PWID in community settings, whilst maintaining high SVR, is achievable. However, other interventions are required to minimise re‐infection; reduce drug‐related deaths; and improve post‐SVR follow‐up testing regionally.
A buccal mucosal graft subcoronal resurfacing technique to treat recurrent penile adhesions: the buccal belt
Authors: Beamer Matthew R. , Angulo Javier C. , Capiel Leandro , López‐Alvarado Damian , Ramirez Erick A. , Satyagraha Paksi , Zaccarini Daniel , Kittleman Michelle A. , Nikolavsky Dmitriy 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo outline our step‐by‐step surgical technique using a subcoronal buccal mucosal graft (BMG) resurfacing technique for the treatment of recurrent penile adhesions.MethodsTo perform the ‘buccal belt’ procedure a subcoronal circumferential segment of diseased skin was excised. An appropriately sized BMG was circumferentially secured subcoronally with a proximal and distal anastomosis to the edges of the wound. Quilting stitches were also placed to allow proper graft fixation. A petroleum jelly bolster was secured as a tie‐over dressing. Patients were discharged with a Foley catheter and the bolster dressing in place. The bolster and Foley catheter were removed 7 days postoperatively. The patients were then seen for follow‐up at 4‐ to 6‐month intervals. A retrospective, international multi‐institutional review was conducted to include all patients who underwent this procedure. Surgical complications, evidence of recurrence, and patient‐reported outcome measures including visual analogue scale (VAS) and global response assessment (GRA) questionnaires were reviewed.ResultsThirty‐one men underwent the procedure across six institutions between March 2014 and September 2020. The mean (range) surgical time was 59 (25–95) min. At the mean (range) follow‐up of 27 (4–79) months all patients reported resolution of presenting symptoms and no recurrence of adhesions. The mean VAS score was 8.9 and 9.0 for aesthetics and functional outcomes, respectively. On GRA, overall improvement was reported by all patients (61%, +3; 25%, +2; 14%, +1).ConclusionThere are limited options for the treatment of recurrent penile adhesions. A subcoronal BMG resurfacing is feasible, with no recurrence and overall high satisfaction seen in an initial patient cohort.
Transglutaminase 2: Development of therapeutic antibodies reveals four inhibitory epitopes and confirms extracellular function in fibrotic remodelling
Authors: Maamra Mabrouka , Benayad Osama Mehdi , Matthews David , Kettleborough Catherine , Atkinson John , Cain Katharine , Bon Helene , Brand Helen , Parkinson Michael , Watson Philip F. , Johnson Timothy S. 
Published: December 2021

Background and PurposeTransglutaminase type 2 (TG2) catalyses formation of ε‐(γ‐glutamyl)‐lysine bonds between proteins, including those of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Elevated extracellular TG2 leads to accelerated ECM deposition and reduced clearance that underlies tissue scarring and fibrosis. Many transglutaminase inhibitors exist and allowed for proof‐of‐concept studies in disease models, but their lack of specificity for the TG2 isoform, and/or poor pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties have limited their clinical application. We sought to develop a high affinity TG2‐specific antibody against extracellular TG2 activity, with characteristics suitable for therapeutic development.Experimental ApproachIndividual human TG2 domains were used to immunize mice and generate hybridomas. Supernatants were screened for inhibition of recombinant human TG2 activity, with TG2 specificity determined by ELISA.Key ResultsThirteen TG2‐specific, hybridoma supernatants inhibited human transamidation activity. Each hybridoma was cloned and the antibody mapped to an epitope in the TG2 core domain, using phage display panning of a TG2 fragment library. Four distinct inhibitory epitopes were determined. The most effective antibodies (AB1, DC1, and BB7) bound to amino acids 313–327 (catalytic core), with an IC50 of approximately 6–7 nM. The antibodies inhibit TG2 in human cells and block ECM accumulation in a primary human proximal tubular epithelial cell model of fibrosis. Only 7 antibodies inhibited rat TG2, all with higher IC50 values.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe identified a preferred inhibitory epitope in human TG2, developed antibodies with required characteristics for clinical development, and established that targeted inhibition of extracellular TG2 transamidation activity is sufficient to modify fibrotic remodelling.
Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐1 is involved in the metabolic and cardiovascular alterations associated with obesity
Authors: Ballesteros‐Martínez Constanza , Rodrigues‐Díez Raquel , Beltrán Luis M. , Moreno‐Carriles Rosa , Martínez‐Martínez Ernesto , González‐Amor María , Martínez‐González Jose , Rodríguez Cristina , Cachofeiro Victoria , Salaices Mercedes , Briones Ana M. 
Published: December 2021

Background and PurposeMicrosomal prostaglandin E synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) is an inducible isomerase responsible for prostaglandin E2 production in inflammatory conditions. We evaluated the role of mPGES‐1 in the development and the metabolic and cardiovascular alterations of obesity.Experimental ApproachmPGES‐1+/+ and mPGES‐1−/− mice were fed with normal or high fat diet (HFD, 60% fat). The glycaemic and lipid profile was evaluated by glucose and insulin tolerance tests and colorimetric assays. Vascular function, structure and mechanics were assessed by myography. Histological studies, q‐RT‐PCR, and western blot analyses were performed in adipose tissue depots and cardiovascular tissues. Gene expression in abdominal fat and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) from patients was correlated with vascular damage.Key ResultsMale mPGES‐1−/− mice fed with HFD were protected against body weight gain and showed reduced adiposity, better glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, lipid levels and less white adipose tissue and PVAT inflammation and fibrosis, compared with mPGES‐1+/+ mice. mPGES‐1 knockdown prevented cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, aortic insulin resistance, and vascular inflammation and remodelling, induced by HFD. Obesity‐induced weight gain and endothelial dysfunction of resistance arteries were ameliorated in female mPGES‐1−/− mice. In humans, we found a positive correlation between mPGES‐1 expression in abdominal fat and vascular remodelling, vessel stiffness, and systolic blood pressure. In human PVAT, there was a positive correlation between mPGES‐1 expression and inflammatory markers.Conclusions and ImplicationsmPGES‐1 inhibition might be a novel therapeutic approach to the management of obesity and the associated cardiovascular and metabolic alterations.
Changes in outdoor physical activities among older people in Sweden: Exploring generational shifts in time spent in natural environments
Authors: Vilhelmson Bertil , Thulin Eva 
Published: December 2021

Key MessagesSpending active time in natural environments increases sharply in the years after retirement, the pattern remaining when cohorts move into older phases.Aside from spatially segregated activities connected with housing situations, no substantial social differences in time spent in natural environments emerge.There is a need for enabling proximate access to green spaces and publicly available plots for cultivation, challenging ongoing urban densification.
Characterization of groups of siblings in residential child care in Spain
Authors: Martín Eduardo , González‐Navasa Patricia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInternational guidelines recommend that groups of siblings remain together when protective measures are taken. Although this is a deeply rooted practice in most countries, research has found no conclusive evidence of the benefits of this practice, so further knowledge in this field is required. This work aims to describe the characterization of groups of siblings in residential child care. The sample consists of 281 children and adolescents who were in residential care, of which 42% were composed of groups of siblings. Case files were analysed, and the main results indicate that those who are cared for with their siblings are younger, have longer stays and have been subjected to neglect to a greater extent than those who are alone and reunification with their family is more complicated than for the rest. These results are discussed with regard to the scientific literature in this field and conclude with the need to carry out preventive actions and to make decision‐making criteria about groups of siblings more flexible.
A comparative in vitro study on monomer release from bisphenol A‐free and conventional temporary crown and bridge materials
Authors: Hampe Tristan , Wiessner Andreas , Frauendorf Holm , Alhussein Mohammad , Karlovsky Petr , Bürgers Ralf , Krohn Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the release of common monomers from two conventional and two bisphenol A (BPA)‐free temporary crown and bridge materials. Cylindrical samples of all materials were prepared (N = 90; five samples for each material and cycle of analysis). All samples were immersed in high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)‐grade water and incubated for 1 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 7 days in an incubation shaker at 37°C and 112 rpm. Extraction was performed in accordance with ISO 10993‐12. Eluted monomers were detected and quantified by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (HPLC‐UV/Vis‐MS). Analysis of BPA was performed by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (HPLC‐UV/Vis) and positive results were verified by HPLC‐tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). Neither bisphenol A‐glycidyl methacrylate (Bis‐GMA) nor BPA was quantifiable in any of the crown and bridge samples investigated in the present study. However, all samples contained triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and/or urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) after 24 h of incubation. Statistical analysis showed that significantly more UDMA was released from the BPA‐free materials than from the conventional materials. All concentrations of UDMA measured were below the effective cytotoxic concentrations previously reported. However, for a few materials, especially BPA‐free temporary crown and bridge materials, the levels of UDMA were above previously reported potentially harmful concentrations for local cells. As BPA‐free materials were introduced as being more biocompatible than materials containing BPA, substitution of Bis‐GMA with UDMA should be further investigated.
Alarm calls of southern house wrens, Troglodytes aedon bonariae, convey information about the level of risk
Authors: Fernández Gustavo J. , Carro Mariana E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlarm calls are an antipredatory strategy widely used by animals. Some calls are functionally referential, giving specific information about the perceived threat. In other cases, the calls are less specific although they may also provide information about the level of threat or “urgency.” Here, we assess whether southern house wrens (Troglodytes aedon bonariae) provide information about the level of risk when they perceive a threat during nesting. We analysed the call acoustic structure and repetition rate of calls emitted by the breeding pair when we placed a model of a predator at different distances from the nest. The results showed that, although there were no structural differences in alarm calls among treatments, individuals increased the rate of alarm calling according to the distance of the predator model from the nest, reflecting a perceived level of threat. Playback experiments of alarm calls reproduced at different rates also showed that recruitment of conspecific and heterospecific individuals increased with the calling rate. These experiments showed that the rate of alarm calling in the southern house wren provides information about the perceived level of risk and that listeners respond accordingly.
Experimental study on the progressive failure of double‐flawed granite samples subjected to impact loads
Authors: Zhou Xiaoping , Yi Menghan , Zhou Jiannan , Cheng Hao , Berto Filippo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the split Hopkinson pressure bar device and high‐speed camera system are applied to carry out the impact tests of fine‐grained granite samples with two parallel preexisting flaws, whose angles are 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°. The dynamic compressive strength of the double‐flawed granite samples is affected by the flaw angle. By analyzing the experimental results, the peak strengths of the double‐flawed granite samples are in low level when the flaw angles are varying from 45° to 75°, while the peak strengths of the double‐flawed granite samples are in high level when the flaw angles are in the ranges of 0°–30° and 75°–90°. The strain concentration factor is investigated based on the digital image correlation technology. Moreover, the mechanical properties, energy absorption, cracking behaviors, failure modes, and the progressive failure mechanism of the double‐flawed granite samples under impact loads are revealed.
The other side of heritage language education: Understanding Spanish heritage language teachers in the United States
Authors: Gironzetti Elisa , Belpoliti Flavia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn response to the growth of Spanish heritage language (SHL) learners in the United States, researchers and instructors in the field of SHL teaching proposed a set of goals and pedagogical approaches to meet these learners’ needs. However, because few studies focused on SHL teachers’ professional preparation and practice, it is unclear whether these developments have reached language teacher preparation and professionalization, or how SHL teachers are implementing these pedagogies. This study seeks to better understand the experiences, practices, and needs of teachers of SHL to inform and improve professional development models. By analyzing data from a nationwide online survey and exploring individual experiences through scripted interviews, we offer a snapshot of the realities of these educators working in different educational contexts in the United States. The analysis highlights the challenges faced by SHL instructors, the gaps in their teacher education, and the need for additional resources and targeted support. The implications of these results for SHL teacher preparation are discussed considering feasible options to foster their professional growth.