bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response‐based modification of CHOP chemotherapy for canine B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Benjamin Sarah E. , Sorenmo Karin U. , Krick Erika L. , Salah Pascale , Walsh Koranda A. , Weinstein Nicole M. , Keuler Nicholas S. , Avery Anne C. , Atherton Matthew J. , Lenz Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite high initial response rates, a subset of dogs with B‐cell lymphoma responds less robustly to CHOP‐based chemotherapy and experiences shorter survival. One hundred and four dogs with nodal B‐cell lymphoma were treated with a response‐based CHOP (RBCHOP) protocol modified based on response to individual drugs during the first chemotherapy cycle. Dogs achieving complete (CR) or partial response (PR) at week 3, following treatment with vincristine and cyclophosphamide, received RBCHOP 1 (n = 72), a protocol sequentially rotating vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin. Dogs without a detectable response at week 3 that subsequently achieved CR or PR following treatment with doxorubicin received RBCHOP 2 (n = 14), in which four doses of doxorubicin were given consecutively followed by vincristine and cyclophosphamide. Dogs that failed to respond at week 3 and then to doxorubicin at week 5 assessment were offered rescue chemotherapy (RBCHOP 3, n = 18). Median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival time (OST) were similar between RBCHOP 1 (PFS 210 days, OST 354 days) and RBCHOP 2 (PFS 220 days, OST 456 days), but significantly shorter for RBCHOP 3 (PFS 34 days, OST 80.5 days,P < 0.001). No presenting signalment nor hematologic variable differentiated patient cohort, however, dogs in RBCHOP 2 and RBCHOP 3 were more likely to have a lymphocytosis at diagnosis (P = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Protocol modification based on response during the first cycle resulted in similar toxicity profiles and outcomes to previously published variants of CHOP, and prognosis remained poor for dogs failing to respond during the first treatment cycle.
Patterns of the low‐dose dexamethasone suppression test in canine hyperadrenocorticism revisited
Authors: Zeugswetter Florian K. , Carranza Valencia Alejandra , Glavassevich Kerstin , Schwendenwein Ilse 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe low‐dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDT) is considered an accurate screening and valuable differentiation test in dogs with suspected hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). A recent study showed that the different response patterns not only provide complementary information about etiology, but also the probability of HAC in these patients.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the diagnostic test performance of LDDT response patterns in a population of dogs from an animal hospital.MethodsThe electronic database was retrospectively searched for dogs suspected of HAC that were given an LDDT. Dogs with acute non‐adrenal illnesses during the test were excluded. Response patterns were classified as complete suppression, lack of suppression, partial suppression, escape, inverse, and increasing patterns. Cortisol concentrations ≥ 27.59 nmol/L (≥1 µg/dL) 8 hours after dexamethasone administration were considered positive results irrespective of the patterns observed. Calculations included likelihood ratios (LRs) and predictive values (PVs).ResultsHAC and non‐adrenal illness were diagnosed in 115 (54%) and 62 (46%) dogs, respectively. The positive (+) LRs (95% CI) for the lack of suppression, partial suppression, escape, and an inverse pattern to diagnose HAC were infinite, 8.09 (2‐32.72), 3.23 (0.75‐14), and 0.2 (0.06‐0.73), respectively.ConclusionsThe study confirms that the “lack of suppression” pattern strongly supports a diagnosis of HAC. It shows that the “partial suppression” pattern moderately increases, and the “inverse” pattern decreases the likelihood of HAC. The fact that the study found no association between the “escape” pattern and a diagnosis of HAC, does not support its integration into decision making.
Treatment of equine sarcoids using recombinant poxviruses expressing feline interleukin‐2
Authors: Loschelder‐Ostrowski Johanna , Winter Judith Christine , Merle Roswitha , Klopfleisch Robert , Gehlen Heidrun 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundInterleukin (IL)‐2 stimulates antitumour immunity and is successfully used for the treatment of different neoplasias.Hypothesis/ObjectivesCanarypox virus locally expressing feline IL‐2 is safe and can be used to treat equine sarcoids.AnimalsTwenty horses of different breeds with a median age of eight years (interquartile range 6.0–13.3 years) and a total number of 59 sarcoids were included in the study.MethodsIn this prospective clinical trial, sarcoids were injected twice seven days apart, with a recombinant canarypox virus expressing feline IL‐2. Complete blood counts (CBC) and fibrinogen levels were measured before treatment and on days 1, 2, 7 and 8.ResultsComplete regression was achieved in eight horses (40%) and partial regression in two horses (10%). No change in sarcoid size was observed in two horses (10%) and the disease progressed in five horses (25%). Sarcoids of three horses (15%) showed initial response followed by tumour growth. There were no significant changes in CBC and fibrinogen levels after either injection. One horse developed a mild fever the day after each injection, which subsided without treatment the following day.ConclusionsTreatment of equine sarcoids with recombinant canarypox virus expressing feline IL‐2 seems to be a safe therapy option. Although the expression of IL‐2 after vector injection and its biological activity in horses were not proven in this study, the treatment resulted in regression and partial regression in 50% of the cases. Further studies are necessary to verify these findings and to establish a treatment protocol.
Exchange transfusions in severe Rh‐mediated alloimmune haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn: a 20‐year overview on the incidence, associated risks and outcome
Authors: Ree Isabelle M. C. , Besuden Carolin F. J. , Wintjens Vivianne E. H. J. , Verweij Joanne (E.) J. T. , Oepkes Dick , de Haas Masja , Lopriore Enrico 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesGuidelines and indications for exchange transfusion in haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) have changed drastically in the past decades, causing a decline in exchange transfusion rate. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of exchange transfusions (ETs) in neonates with Rh‐mediated HDFN over the past 20 years at our centre, and report potentially ET‐related complications as well as indicators for bilirubin encephalopathy.Material and methodsIn this observational study, 438 neonates were included with HDFN, born ≥ 35 weeks gestational age at the Leiden University Medical Centre between January 2000 and July 2020. The incidence of ET and procedure‐related complications were assessed in three consecutive time periods determined by changes in guidelines and indications for ET.ResultsThe incidence of ET in our centre declined from (104/156) 67% (time period 2000–2005), to (39/181) 22% (2006–2015) and to (10/101) 10% (2015–2020, p < 0·001). The maximum bilirubin levels in neonates after birth increased from 13·6 mg/dL (or 233 μmol/L), to 15·0 mg/dL (257 μmol/L) and to 15·3 mg/dL (263 μmol/L). The incidence of complications associated with the use of ET (including sepsis, haematologic disorders and respiratory failure) remained stable throughout the years, and no neonates died during the study period.ConclusionExchange transfusion incidence declined significantly over the past two decades. Decrease in ET incidence, and concomitant decrease in exposure and expertise, was not associated with an increase in procedure‐related complications.
Scale inhibition in industrial water systems using chitosan‐alginate mixture
Authors: Khamis Essam , Abd‐El‐Khalek Dalia E. , Abdel‐Kawi Mervat A. , Anwar Jilan M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe study aims to establishing the possibility of using eco‐friendly natural polymers to formulate scale inhibitor for industrial water applications. The performance of a blend of two natural polymers, chitosan and sodium alginate as scale inhibitor in comparison with a commercially available inhibitor formulation, HEDP (Hydroxyethylidene, 1‐Diphosphonic Acid), is carried out using electrochemical measurements, conductivity and NACE test complemented with crystals morphology characterization using optical and electronic microscopic examination. Overall results show that chitosan is more efficient for the inhibition of calcium carbonate scales formation, whilst it has poor efficiency in the inhibition of sulfate scales, whereas sodium alginate has the highest efficiency in inhibiting calcium sulfate scales. However, the addition of sodium alginate to chitosan, as a package, has a dual control effect on carbonate and sulfate scale formation with good efficiency compared to HEDP. This new phosphorus‐free package represents an effective antiscalant to have green environment.
eHealth interventions to support self-management in people with musculoskeletal disorders: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kelly Marie , Fullen Brona , Martin Denis , McMahon Sinéad , McVeigh Joseph G. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to explore existing literature related to the role of eHealth interventions in supporting self-management in those with musculoskeletal disorders in order to investigate and chart the evidence, and identify any gaps within the literature.

Introduction:
Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Self-management interventions are consistently recommended as a core component of treatment for people with musculoskeletal disorders. Given limited health care resources, there is increasing interest in the potential role of eHealth interventions to support self-management in this population.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies that include adult participants (older than 18 years) with a musculoskeletal disorder will be considered. Studies that include participants with pain of specific pathological origin (eg, infection, malignancy, osteoporosis, inflammatory disease, fracture), those who are pregnant, or individuals following surgery will be excluded. The concept is eHealth interventions that support self-management conducted in any setting and geographical location. All settings and locations will be included.

Methods:
The following electronic databases will be searched with no limit on publication date: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. A structured search of the gray literature will also be conducted. Studies will be limited to those published in English. Two reviewers will undertake title and abstract screening, followed by full-text screening. Data extraction will be conducted utilizing a standardized form for included studies, and a narrative summary will accompany the charted results and will describe how the results relate to the review's objective.

Systematic review registration:
Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/29rd6)
Paired Pressure–Volume Loop Analysis and Biaxial Mechanical Testing Characterize Differences in Left Ventricular Tissue Stiffness of Volume Overload and Angiotensin-Induced Pressure Overload Hearts
Authors: Childers Rachel C. , Trask Aaron J. , Liu Jun , Lucchesi Pamela A. , Gooch Keith J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pressure overload (PO) and volume overload (VO) of the heart result in distinctive changes to geometry, due to compensatory structural remodeling. This remodeling potentially leads to changes in tissue mechanical properties. Understanding such changes is important, as tissue modulus has an impact on cardiac performance, disease progression, and influences on cell phenotype. Pressure–volume (PV) loop analysis, a clinically relevant method for measuring left ventricular (LV) chamber stiffness, was performed in vivo on control rat hearts and rats subjected to either chronic PO through Angiotensin-II infusion (4-weeks) or VO (8-weeks). Immediately following PV loops, biaxial testing was performed on LV free wall tissue to directly measure tissue mechanical properties. The β coefficient, an index of chamber stiffness calculated from the PV loop analysis, increased 98% in PO (n = 4) and decreased 38% in VO (n = 5) compared to control (n = 6). Material constants of LV walls obtained from ex vivo biaxial testing (n = 9–10) were not changed in Angiotensin-II induced PO and decreased by about half in VO compared to control (47% in the circumferential and 57% the longitudinal direction). PV loop analysis showed the expected increase in chamber stiffness of PO and expected decrease in chamber stiffness of VO. Biaxial testing showed a decreased modulus of the myocardium of the VO model, but no changes in the PO model, this suggests the increased chamber stiffness in PO, as shown in the PV loop analysis, may be secondary to changes in tissue mass and/or geometry but not an increase in passive tissue mechanical properties.
Nonlinear Measure for Nonlinear Dynamic Processes Using Convergence Area: Typical Case Studies
Authors: Xavier Joanofarc , Patnaik S. K. , Panda Rames C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Several industrial chemical processes exhibit severe nonlinearity. This paper addresses the computational and nonlinear issues occurring in many typical industrial problems in aspects of its stability, strength of nonlinearity, and input output dynamics. In this article, initially, a prospective investigation is conducted on various nonlinear processes through phase portrait analysis to understand their stability status at different initial conditions about the vicinity of the operating point of the process. To estimate the degree of nonlinearity, for input perturbations from its nominal value, a novel nonlinear measure Δ0 is put forward that anticipates on the converging area between the nonlinear and their linearized responses. The nonlinearity strength is fixed between 0 and 1 to classify processes to be mild, medium, or highly nonlinear. The most suitable operating point, for which the system remains asymptotically stable, is clearly identified from the phase portrait. The metric Δ0 can be contemplated as a promising tool to measure the nonlinearity of Industrial case studies at different linear approximations. Numerical simulations are executed in matlab to compute Δ0, which conveys that the nonlinear dynamics of each industrial example is very sensitive to input perturbations at different linear approximations. In addition to the identified metric, nonlinear lemmas are framed to select appropriate control schemes for the processes based on its numerical value of nonlinearity.
An Experimental Method for Fast Evaluating Thermoelectric Generators Using One Pair of P- and N-Type Legs
Authors: Zhao Ting , Li Kewen , Zhu Yuhao , Jia Lin , Hou Xiaoyong , Wang Shuai , Kaita Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are widely used in many industries. The voltage and output power of TEG chips are critical indicators to evaluate the performance of TEGs. The conventional method is to directly test the output voltage and power of the whole TEG chip that contains 127 pairs of P- and N-type (PN) legs (127-PN-TEG). However, the assembling of these PN legs is very time-consuming. In order to reduce experimental time and the consumption of TEG materials, we proposed an experimental method. We developed the test apparatus for the rapid evaluation of TEG performance using a TEG chip with a single pair of PN legs (1-PN-TEG). We made several 1-PN-TEGs and 127-PN-TEGs using the same thermoelectric material (bismuth telluride). We then measured the voltage and the power of these 1-PN-TEGs and 127-PN-TEGs, respectively. The experimental results were compared and analyzed. The comparison showed that the voltage of 127-PN-TEG is equal to the voltage of 1-PN-TEG times 127, which implies that we could use the test data of 1-PN-TEG to evaluate the performance of 127-PN-TEG. Using the experimental device developed in this paper, we also studied the effects of the PN leg area (cross-sectional area of PN legs) and the pressure applied over the TEGs on the output power of 1-PN-TEG. The experimental results showed that the power per unit area decreases with an increase in the 1-PN-TEG's PN leg area when the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides was constant. Under specific temperature difference conditions, the open-circuit voltage and the output power will increase with the pressure applied on the TEG chips.
Experimental Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine at Altitude
Authors: Liu Zhentao , Liu Jinlong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Concern over the change of atmospheric conditions at high altitudes prompted interests in the deteriorated efficiency and emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines. This study utilized a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injected diesel engine to experimentally investigate the altitude effects on the combustion characteristics. High altitude operations were simulated via reducing the intake pressure but maintaining constant engine speed and load. The results suggested a reduced in-cylinder pressure trace but an increased bulk cylinder temperature as the altitude rose. The combustion analysis indicated a slight longer ignition delay, raising and retarding the pressure rise rate and energy release rate in the premixed combustion process. A smaller excess air ratio contributed to the combustion deterioration, reflected from a retarded end of combustion, a longer combustion duration, a reduced thermal efficiency, and an increased level of incomplete combustion. However, the phasing and combustion profile were not significantly impacted, when the altitude was elevated from sea level to 2000 m, at least for the engine and conditions investigated in this study. Consequently, it is not necessary to adjust the engine electric control unit (ECU) when operated in the USA, considering that the mean elevations of most states are lower than 2000 m.
Thermogravimetric Devolatilization Behavior of Agricultural Residue for Generation of Syngas
Authors: Kumar P. , Subbarao P. M. V. , Kala L. D. , Vijay V. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The thermal degradation characteristics of eucalyptus, pearl millet cob, and corncob were investigated using the nonisothermal thermogravimetric method. This investigation was performed to carry out the thermochemical conversion for obtaining syngas. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses were carried out to understand thermal devolatilization behavior and estimation of various thermophysical properties of the biomasses. The degradation behavior was analyzed in the light of lignocellulosic composition that was found to have a definitive influence on degradation outcomes. The TG analysis has been utilized to obtain the proximate analysis of biomass. Activation energy using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method has been estimated and found to be 201, 150, and 68 kJ/mol for eucalyptus, pearl millet cob, and corncob, respectively. The TG analysis and activation energy together indicated that corncob is easiest for thermochemical conversion among the three biomasses. The TG curve also confirms the same.
Machine Learning-Based Improved Pressure–Volume–Temperature Correlations for Black Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Tariq Zeeshan , Mahmoud Mohamed , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) properties of crude oil are considered the most important properties in petroleum engineering applications as they are virtually used in every reservoir and production engineering calculation. Determination of these properties in the laboratory is the most accurate way to obtain a representative value, at the same time, it is very expensive. However, in the absence of such facilities, other approaches such as analytical solutions and empirical correlations are used to estimate the PVT properties. This study demonstrates the combined use of two machine learning (ML) technique, viz., functional network (FN) coupled with particle swarm optimization (PSO) in predicting the black oil PVT properties such as bubble point pressure (Pb), oil formation volume factor at Pb, and oil viscosity at Pb. This study also proposes new mathematical models derived from the coupled FN-PSO model to estimate these properties. The use of proposed mathematical models does not need any ML engine for the execution. A total of 760 data points collected from the different sources were preprocessed and utilized to build and train the machine learning models. The data utilized covered a wide range of values that are quite reasonable in petroleum engineering applications. The performances of the developed models were tested against the most used empirical correlations. The results showed that the proposed PVT models outperformed previous models by demonstrating an error of up to 2%. The proposed FN-PSO models were also compared with other ML techniques such as an artificial neural network, support vector regression, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, and the results showed that proposed FN-PSO models outperformed other ML techniques.
Delivery Approaches Within Exercise Referral Schemes: A Survey of Current Practice in England
Authors: Rowley Nikita , Steele James , Mann Steve , Jimenez Alfonso , Horton Elizabeth 
Published: March 2021

Background: Exercise referral schemes in England offer referred participants an opportunity to take part in an exercise prescription in a nonclinical environment. The aim of these schemes is to effect clinical health benefits, yet there is limited evidence of schemes’ effectiveness, which could be due to the heterogeneity in design, implementation, and evaluation. Additionally, there has been no concerted effort to map program characteristics. Objective: To understand what key delivery approaches are currently used within exercise referral schemes in England. Methods: Across England, a total of 30 schemes with a combined total of 85,259 exercise referral scheme participants completed a Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template-guided questionnaire. The questionnaire explored program delivery, nonexercise components, and program management. Results: Results found that program delivery varied, though many schemes were typically 12 weeks in length, offering participants 2 exercise sessions in a fitness gym or studio per week, using a combination of exercises. Adherence was typically measured through attendance, with nonexercise components and program management varying by scheme. Conclusion: This research provides a snapshot of current delivery approaches and supports the development of a large-scale mapping exercise to review further schemes across the whole of the United Kingdom in order to provide evidence of best practice and delivery approaches nationwide.
Coding Body Language in Sports: The Nonverbal Behavior Coding System for Soccer Penalties
Authors: Furley Philip , Roth Alexander 
Published: March 2021

Nonverbal behavior (NVB) plays an important role in sports. However, it has been difficult to measure, as no coding schemes exist to objectively measure NVB in sports. Therefore, the authors adapted the Body Action and Posture Coding System to the context of soccer penalties, validated it, and initially used this system (Nonverbal Behavior Coding System for Soccer Penalties [NBCSP]) to explore NVB in penalties. Study 1 demonstrated that the NBCSP had good to excellent intercoder reliability regarding the occurrence and temporal precision of NVBs. It also showed that the coding system could differentiate certain postures and behaviors as a function of emotional valence (i.e., positive vs. negative emotional states). Study 2 identified differences in NVB for successful and missed shots in a sample of penalties (time spent looking toward the goal, toward the ground, right arm movement, and how upright the body posture was). The authors discuss the utility of the coding system for different sport contexts.