bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A redescription of the appendicular skeleton of Squalus acanthias (Elasmobranchii: Squaliformes: Squalidae)
Authors: C. B. da Silva João Paulo , B. Vaz Diego F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe anatomy of Squalus acanthias has been explored and investigated for the past 150 years. Despite being a relatively well‐known species, some anatomical inaccuracies on the paired fins persist throughout the literature, such as the presence of suprascapular cartilages and the morphology of the articular region of the pectoral fin. This study reassesses and provides new descriptions of the paired fins of Squalus acanthias, including comparisons with other representatives of Squalidae, aimed to expand the anatomical information of these species. All examined species of Squalus have two sites in the scapulocoracoid for the articulation of the pectoral basals: one facet articulating with the propterygium and a condyle for the mesopterygium (or both meso‐ and metapterygium). Additionally, the scapulocoracoid does not have a scapular process. Squalus acanthias is unique for having a series of barrel‐shaped elements in the anterior region of the scapula. These elements are lacking in all other examined species of Squalus and Cirrhigaleus (and sharks in general) and are likely an autapomorphy of S. acanthias.
The behavioural ecology of marine cleaning mutualisms
Authors: Caves Eleanor M. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTCleaning interactions, in which a small ‘cleaner’ organism removes and often consumes material from a larger ‘client’, are some of the most enigmatic and intriguing of interspecies interactions. Early research on cleaning interactions canonized the view that they are mutualistic, with clients benefiting from parasite removal and cleaners benefiting from a meal, but subsequent decades of research have revealed that the dynamics of these interactions can be highly complex. Despite decades of research on marine cleaning interactions (the best studied cleaning systems), key questions remain, including how the outcome of an individual cleaning interaction depends on ecological, behavioural, and social context, how such interactions arise, and how they remain stable over time. Recently, studies of marine parasites, long‐term data from coral reef communities with and without cleaners, increased behavioural observations recorded using remote video, and a focus on a larger numbers of cleaning species have helped bring about key conceptual advances in our understanding of cleaning interactions. In particular, evidence now suggests that the ecological, behavioural, and social contexts of a given cleaning interaction can result in the outcome ranging from mutualistic to parasitic, and that cleaning interactions are mediated by signals that can also vary with context. Signals are an important means by which animals extract information about one another, and thus represent a mechanism by which interspecific partners can determine when, how, and with whom to interact. Here, I review our understanding of the behavioural ecology of marine cleaning interactions. In particular, I argue that signals provide a useful framework for advancing our understanding of several important outstanding questions. I discuss the costs and benefits of cleaning interactions, review how cleaners and clients recognize and assess one another using signals, and discuss how signal reliability, or ‘honesty’, may be maintained in cleaning systems. Lastly, I discuss the sensory ecology of both cleaners and clients to highlight what marine cleaning systems can tell us about signalling behaviour, signal form, and signal evolution in a system where signals are aimed at multiple receiver species. Overall, I argue that future research on cleaning interactions has much to gain by continuing to shift the research focus toward examining the variable outcomes of cleaning interactions in relation to the broader behavioural, social, and ecological contexts.
Plant species specificity of ant–plant mutualistic interactions: Differential predation of termites by Camponotus crassus on five species of extrafloral nectaries plants
Authors: Calixto Eduardo Soares , Lange Denise , Moreira Xoaquín , Del‐Claro Kleber 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that the outcomes of mutualistic interactions between ants and plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are context‐dependent. In particular, the total number, density, and size of EFNs, as well as the abundance and identity of ants attending host plants, are considered as key factors determining the nature and strength of ant–EFN‐bearing plant interaction. Although many previous studies have investigated context‐dependency in ant–plant protection mutualisms mediated by EFNs, few have tested whether the protective behavior of ants varies among sympatric plant species. In this study, we performed a field experiment to investigate the predatory behavior of a dominant ant species (Camponotus crassus, Formicinae) among five EFN‐bearing plant species growing in the Brazilian savanna. In particular, we studied the variation in the ant abundance, termite predation, and time spent to find termites of C. crassus among the plant species, and further analyzed whether this variation could be related to the extrafloral nectar volume and sugar concentration of each plant species. We found that abundance and termite predation of C. crassus markedly varied among plant species. Specifically, C. crassus ants were significantly more abundant, active, and protective in Qualea multiflora, the plant species that produced significantly higher volumes and sugar concentrations of nectar. Overall, our results suggest that variation in extrafloral nectar volume and sugar concentration can result in plant species specificity of defensive behavior of a dominant foliage‐dwelling ant in the Brazilian savanna.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Heterozygous HMGB1 loss‐of‐function variants are associated with developmental delay and microcephaly
Authors: Uguen Kévin , Krysiak Kilannin , Audebert‐Bellanger Séverine , Redon Sylvia , Benech Caroline , Viora‐Dupont Eléonore , Tran Mau‐Them Frederic , Rondeau Sophie , Elsharkawi Ibrahim , Granadillo Jorge L. , Neidich Julie , Soares Celia Azevedo , Tkachenko Natáliya , M. Amudhavalli Shivarajan , Engleman Kendra , Boland Anne , Deleuze Jean‐François , Bezieau Stéphane , Odent Sylvie , Toutain Annick , Bonneau Dominique , Gilbert‐Dussardier Brigitte , Faivre Laurence , Rio Marlène , Le Marechal Cedric , Ferec Claude , Repnikova Elena , Cao Yang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract13q12.3 microdeletion syndrome is a rare cause of syndromic intellectual disability. Identification and genetic characterization of patients with 13q12.3 microdeletion syndrome continues to expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with it. Previous studies identified four genes within the approximately 300 Kb minimal critical region including two candidate protein coding genes: KATNAL1 and HMGB1. To date, no patients carrying a sequence‐level variant or a single gene deletion in HMGB1 or KATNAL1 have been described. Here we report six patients with loss‐of‐function variants involving HMGB1 and who had phenotypic features similar to the previously described 13q12.3 microdeletion syndrome cases. Common features included developmental delay, language delay, microcephaly, obesity and dysmorphic features. In silico analyses suggest that HMGB1 is likely to be intolerant to loss‐of‐function, and previous in vitro data are in line with the role of HMGB1 in neurodevelopment. These results strongly suggest that haploinsufficiency of the HMGB1 gene may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the 13q12.3 microdeletion syndrome.
Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of FINCA (fibrosis, neurodegeneration, and cerebral angiomatosis) syndrome beyond infancy
Authors: Rapp Christina K. , Van Dijck Ine , Laugwitz Lucia , Boon Mieke , Briassoulis George , Ilia Stavroula , Kammer Birgit , Reu Simone , Hornung Stefanie , Buchert Rebecca , Sofan Linda , Froukh Tawfiq , Witters Peter , Rymen Daisy , Haack Tobias B. , Proesmans Marijke , Griese Matthias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFibrosis, neurodegeneration, and cerebral angiomatosis (FINCA, MIM#618278) is a rare clinical condition caused by bi‐allelic variants in NHL repeat containing protein 2 (NHLRC2, MIM*618277). Pulmonary disease may be the presenting sign and the few patients reported so far, all deceased in early infancy. Exome sequencing was performed on patients with childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) and additional neurological features. The chILD‐EU register database and an in‐house database were searched for patients with NHLRC2 variants and clinical features overlapping FINCA syndrome. Six patients from three families were identified with bi‐allelic variants in NHLRC2. Two of these children died before the age of two while four others survived until childhood. Interstitial lung disease was pronounced in almost all patients during infancy and stabilized over the course of the disease with neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) evolving as the key clinical finding. We expand the phenotype of FINCA syndrome to a multisystem disorder with variable severity. FINCA syndrome should also be considered in patients beyond infancy with NDD and a history of distinct interstitial lung disease. Managing patients in registers for rare diseases helps identifying new diagnostic entities and advancing care for these patients.
Assessing species reintroduction sites based on future climate suitability for food resources
Authors: Gomides Samuel C. , Machado Talita M. , Evangelista‐Vale Jôine C. , Martins‐Oliveira Angele Tatiane , Pires‐Oliveira João Carlos , Muller Angélica , Barros da Rosa Lucas , Lucas Santos‐Silva Domingos , Eisenlohr Pedro V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe reintroduction of a species that is extinct in the wild demands caution because reintroduction locations may be associated with threats, such as hunting, poor‐quality habitat, and climate change. This is the case for Cyanopsitta spixii (Spix's Macaw), which has been extinct in the wild since 2000. The few living individuals were created in captivity and will be used in a reintroduction project within the species’ original distribution area, the Caatinga domain (Brazil). Because the occurrence records for this bird are old and inaccurate, we investigated the current and future environmental suitability of the 14 plant species used by C. spixii as resource. These plants are key elements for the long‐term reestablishment of the species in the wild, so the use of models helps in the assessment of the effects of climate change on the availability of these resources for the species and informs selection of the best places for reintroduction. We based our models of environmental suitability on 19 bioclimatic variables and nine physical soil and topography variables. Climate projections were created for the present and for the year 2070 with an optimistic (SSP2‐4.5) and a pessimistic (SSP5‐8.5) climate scenario. Both future climate scenarios lead to a reduction in area of environmental suitability that overlapped for all the plant species: 33% reduction for SSP2‐4.5 and 63% reduction for SSP5‐8.5. If our projections materialize, climate change could thus affect the distribution of key resources, and the maintenance of C. spixii would depend on restoration of degraded areas, especially riparian forests, and the preservation of already existing natural areas. The Caatinga domain is very threatened by habitat loss and, for the success of this reintroduction project, the parties involved must act to protect the species and the resources it uses.
Organoclay‐assisted vat dyeing of polypropylene nanocomposite fabrics
Authors: Youssef Yehya A. , Farouk Reham , Mousa Abdalla A. , Mohamed Wael S. , Giebel Elisabeth , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) nanocomposite fabrics containing different types of modified montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclays were prepared by a melt compounding technique. Spinnable polymers were obtained by mixing PP master batches with 4 wt% MMT, possessing either tallow amine or tallow quaternary ammonium salt intercalating compounds with a pure untreated PP to MMT content of 0.5 wt%. After spinning, the prepared nanocomposites were drawn and knitted into fabrics for further testing and dyeing. The prepared PP nanocomposite fabrics containing hydrogenated tallow quaternary ammonium‐based organomodified nanoclays exhibited higher colour strength (K/S) using vat dyes compared with those containing either octadecylamine or trimethyloctadecyl ammonium‐based organomodified nanoclays and reference fabrics made from fibres spun without MMT clay content. The investigated vat dyes yielded relatively high K/S values on PP nanocomposite fabrics with very good to excellent wash, excellent fastness to bleaching with chlorine, perspiration, and good to excellent light fastness ratings.
Limbic progesterone receptor activity enhances neuronal excitability and seizures
Authors: Shiono Shinnosuke , Sun Huayu , Batabyal Tamal , Labuz Aleksandra , Williamson John , Kapur Jaideep , Joshi Suchitra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveEmerging evidence raises the possibility that progesterone receptor (PR) signaling may contribute to the reproductive hormone fluctuation–linked seizure precipitation, called catamenial epilepsy. Therefore, we studied PR isoform expression in limbic regions involved in temporal lobe epilepsy and the effect of PR activation on neuronal activity and seizures.MethodsWe evaluated PR expression in the limbic regions, entorhinal cortex (EC), hippocampus, and amygdala in female rats using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). A selective agonist, Nestorone (16‐methylene‐17 alpha‐acetoxy‐19‐nor‐pregn‐4‐ene‐3,20‐dione) activated PRs, and the effect on excitability and α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)–mediated synaptic transmission of EC neurons was studied using electrophysiology. Finally, we assessed PR regulation of epileptic seizures and status epilepticus (SE) induced by lithium‐pilocarpine in female rats with the global deletion of PRs (PR knockout; PRKO) using video electroencephalography (‐EEG).ResultsLimbic regions EC, hippocampus, and amygdala robustly expressed PR messenger RNA (mRNA). Nestorone (16‐methylene‐17 alpha‐acetoxy‐19‐nor‐pregn‐4‐ene‐3,20‐dione) treatment reduced the action potential threshold of layer II/III EC neurons and increased the frequency of AMPA receptor–mediated synaptic currents of ovariectomized and estrogen‐primed female rats. Female rats lacking PRs (PRKO) experienced a shorter duration, less intense, and less fatal SE than wild‐type (WT) animals. Furthermore, Nestorone treatment caused seizure exacerbation in the WT epileptic animals, but not in the PRKO epileptic animals.SignificanceActivation of PRs expressed in the EC and hippocampus increased neuronal excitability and worsened seizures. These receptors may play a role in catamenial epilepsy.
Expression of Cds4/5 of Arabidopsis chloroplasts in E. coli reveals the membrane topology of the C‐terminal region of CDP‐diacylglycerol synthases
Authors: Sekiya Yusei , Sawasato Katsuhiro , Nishiyama Ken‐ichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCDP‐diacylglycerol synthases (Cds) are conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes. Bacterial CdsA is involved not only in phospholipid biosynthesis but also in biosynthesis of glycolipid MPIase, an essential glycolipid that catalyzes membrane protein integration. We found that both Cds4 and Cds5 of Arabidopsis chloroplasts complement cdsA knockout by supporting both phospholipid and MPIase biosyntheses. Comparison of the sequences of CdsA and Cds4/5 suggests a difference in membrane topology at the C‐termini, since the region assigned as the last transmembrane region of CdsA, which follows the conserved cytoplasmic domain, is missing in Cds4/5. Deletion of the C‐terminal region abolished the function, indicating the importance of the region. Both 6 × His tag attachment to CdsA and substitution of the C‐terminal 6 residues with 6 × His did not affect the function. These 6 × His tags were sensitive to protease added from the cytosolic side in vitro, indicating that this region is not a transmembrane one but forms a membrane‐embedded reentrant loop. Thus, the C‐terminal region of Cds homologues forms a reentrant loop, of which structure is important for the Cds function.
Lung ultrasound may help in the differential diagnosis of suspected oligosymptomatic COVID‐19 patients on hemodialysis: A case report
Authors: Allinovi Marco , Laudicina Selene , Dallari Lorenzo , Gianassi Iacopo , Dervishi Egrina , Biagini Maria , Cirami Lino 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionConsidering that patients on dialysis showed a poor outcome during COVID‐19 pandemic, and that COVID‐19 symptoms in dialysis patients are often mild or absent, each dialysis unit should implement local strategies to early recognize patients affected by COVID‐19. However, many available SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnostic tests demonstrated a moderate sensitivity, 70%–80% is probably a reasonable estimate. Consequently, having useful tools for differential diagnosis becomes essential. In this scenario, lung ultrasound (LUS) may have an important role in the evaluation of lung involvement in hemodialysis patients during COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe present two cases of hemodialysis patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia in whom LUS had a central role in the diagnostic process. Ultrasound images of COVID‐19 pneumonia show a typical bilateral pattern characterized by multiple or confluent B‐lines with spared areas, thickened and irregular pleural line, and rare subpleural consolidations. LUS showed high accuracy in diagnosing COVID‐19 pneumonia.FindingsDespite both patients appeared clinically euvolemic and afebrile, they presented with acute diarrhea and oxygen saturation level of 92%–93%. Although clinical manifestations were mild and not specific in both patients, LUS raised suspicion on the possible COVID‐19 diagnosis which was confirmed by a positive nasopharyngeal RT‐PCR.DiscussionThere are many reasons for a patient on dialysis to present shortness of breath, fever, and multiple B‐lines at LUS assessment (such as heart failure, fluid overload, vascular access infection, interstitial pneumonia) but the recognition of typical ultrasound patterns of the COVID‐19 pneumonia is helpful for differential diagnosis. LUS may have an important role in the screening process of hemodialysis patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic, especially in oligosymptomatic patients before the SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnostic tests, and in those with suspected symptoms and/or known exposure with unexpected negative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnostic tests.
Diversity, divergence and density: How habitat and hybrid zone dynamics maintain a genomic cline in an intertidal barnacle
Authors: Wares John P. , Strand Allan E. , Sotka Erik E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimAs within‐species genomic data have been shown useful in interpreting broader biogeographic trends, we analysed the mode of population genomic isolation involved in a well‐studied intertidal genomic cline to better understand the mechanisms maintaining it. These results were interpreted in the context of spatial variation in habitat use and availability as well as likely fitness consequences for hybridization between the two lineages.LocationPacific coast of North America.TaxonArthropods (Class Maxillopoda, Order Sessilia, Family Balanidae;Balanus glandula).MethodsGenotype‐by‐sequencing approaches were used to generate single‐nucleotide polymorphism markers across sites sampled between southern Alaska and Southern California. Inference using standard population genomic methods, including analysis of population structure, inbreeding and linkage disequilibrium, was used to identify the steepest transitions across the largest number of loci examined. These data were put in the context of observed population density and habitat availability.ResultsWe show that the majority of markers analysed show strong clinal transitions in a very narrow portion of the California coast. Patterns of linkage disequilibrium among markers, along with prior evidence of variation in reproductive potential by latitude and by mitochondrial lineage, suggest some reproductive isolation among the northern and southern lineages ofB. glandulathat are concordant with the drop in population density and habitat availability in central California.Main ConclusionsA significant clinal transition in genomic diversity is stronger and more localized than previously recognized and exhibits statistical patterns suggesting that the lineages are reproductively and phenotypically distinct in ways that may be ecologically important. As this species has been used to infer process in coastal biogeography, further study of concordant patterns will be important for advancing our understanding of this region.
Social support may prevent self‐cutting in adolescence: A 5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Rissanen Marja‐Liisa , Kekkonen Virve , Kraav Siiri‐Liisi , Kivimäki Petri , Laukkanen Eila , Hintikka Jukka , Tolmunen Tommi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSelf‐cutting is common among adolescents. However, studies examining protective factors are rare. It has been suggested that social support may protect against self‐cutting in adolescence. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of social relationships with the initiation of self‐cutting.MethodsThe participants were community‐dwelling Finnish adolescents (N = 4171) aged 13–18 years at baseline. The follow‐up assessment was conducted 5 years later (N = 794). Those adolescents who had self‐cut before the baseline assessment (N = 134) were excluded from the analysis, leaving a total of 660 participants to be analyzed. In this group, 37 adolescents initiated self‐cutting during the 5‐year follow‐up period and 623 did not. Cox's proportional hazards models were used with several adjustments for possible confounding factors.FindingsA higher age, male gender, good relationships with siblings, weekly meetings with friends, and personal experience of not being lonely associated with the noninitiation of self‐cutting during the follow‐up period. Good relationships with parents or peers had no association with the initiation of self‐cutting. Depressive symptoms mediated the effect of subjective loneliness on initiating self‐cutting.ConclusionsSocial support produced by friends may have a protective effect against self‐cutting.