bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Justification of reference table data of dependence of wind effect on critical surface density heat flux for corrugated cardboard
Authors: Borysova A , Nizhnyk V , Ballo Ya , Kyrychenko O 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To date, there is no statistical base of critical values of surface heat flux density for various substances and materials, in particular those that can be used in the decoration of buildings and technological installations. This article presents conclusions from the analysis of recent studies on this issue, substantiates the reference tabular data of the dependence of wind on the critical surface heat flux density for corrugated cardboard using a full-factor experiment. The authors determined the largest and smallest indicators of significant factors influencing the value of the critical surface heat flux density, namely wind speed (v, m/s) and the set surface heat flux density (q, kW/m2). In the course of the research, a mathematical model was constructed which describes the dependence of wind influence on the critical surface heat flux density for corrugated cardboard. These tables can be used in the future to develop an improved simplified method for predicting the thermal impact of fire on adjacent construction sites, taking into account the impact of wind.
Prediction of the life time of cylindrical tribosystems of a vehicle
Authors: Dykha A , Padgurskas J , Babak O 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Development and research of methods for calculating the life of friction parts of a vehicle is an actual problem. Ball joints of a car suspension are one of the most responsible for reliability and safety friction unit of transport vehicles. In this paper the approaches to the computational and experimental assessment of the wear and reliability of the ball joint of a vehicle are proposed. The calculation of wear will be carried out based on the solution of the wear contact problem. The equilibrium condition, the wear law, and the geometric condition in the contact are taken as the basic equations. As a result, design formulas for wear and contact pressures have been proposed. A method for calculating the reliability function with determining the coefficients of variation of the wear parameters of ball joints is proposed. To assess the effectiveness of lubricants, a method for calculating wear parameters based on solving the inverse wear-contact problem is considered.
Influence of the flow area of distribution systems on changing the operating parameters of planetary hydraulic motors
Authors: Kiurchev S , Luzan P , Zasiadko A , Radionov H , Boltianska N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Predicting changes in the operating parameters of a planetary hydraulic motor is an urgent direction for improving its design. The physical and mathematical models of the planetary hydraulic motor have been developed, which make it possible to simulate the processes occurring under operating conditions. A design scheme and a mathematical apparatus have been developed for determining the pressure and leaks of the pressure fluid in the gap formed by the end surfaces of the distributors, which make it possible to study the change in the operating parameters of the hydraulic motor. By studying the features of the distribution system of a serial hydraulic motor, it was found that insignificant fluctuations in the flow area (up to 3%) cause rather large (up to 71%) pressure fluctuations. That causes the loss of fluid passing through the hydraulic motor up to 10% and fluctuations in the angular velocity of the output shaft – up to 11%. The absence of pressure fluctuations in the discharge line of the distribution system of the modernized hydraulic motor ensures the stability of its operating parameters. The results of the studies carried out make it possible to predict changes in the operating parameters of planetary hydraulic motors operating as part of a hydraulic drive at the design stage.
Conceptual Resource-Saving Design of Real-Time Socio-Technical Systems
Authors: Kosolapov Anatolii , Ivin Pavlo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the methodological resource-saving approach to the System design of socio-technical systems for real-time managing (STS RTM). The definition of STS RTM from the point of view of computer systems architecture is introduced. This approach made it possible to classify the main paradigms of using computer systems, including the modern stage, corresponding to STS RTM. For such complex systems, it is important to ensure their energy efficiency, which is ensured by the use of resource-saving models and methods for optimizing structural solutions. This is ensured by minimizing the total length of communications at the enterprise, saving computing and financial resources during system migration from a centralized structure to a functionally distributed hierarchical multi-microcontroller system. STS is a human a real-time machine system, therefore, the system’s response time to the processing of requests related to the issuance of messages to the system’s operating personnel is determined. The complex of formulated tasks and their solution on a common information and analytical base is extremely difficult without a unified system design methodology and automation tools for solving problems. Such a Framework is described in this article.
Qualitative potentials of surface textures and coatings in the performance of fluid-film bearings: a critical review
Authors: Sharma Nitin , Verma Rajeev , Sharma Sumit , Kango Saurabh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to present the physical insights behind the successful implementation of surface textures and coatings in fluid film bearing systems for improving the tribological performance. The article is a systematic review of previously published articles implementing textures and coatings to know tribology behind it. The fluid rheology is also equally important for improving the performance of the bearing systems. The main focus is to know the reasons that have been quoted in numerous research studies for fruitfulness of texturing and coatings. It has come into the notice that a number of experimental studies incorporating textures were reported by the researchers; however, a huge amount of numerical/theoretical studies have been presented. The evolution in lubricants research appreciably used for improving the tribological performance by the reduction of friction and wear. The combination of textures and lubricants has proven the unambiguous enhancement in the rate of performance. The collection of information regarding physical causes behind the benefits of surface texture and coatings is the real worth of this article. The work on coatings of bearings have also becoming the interest of researchers and have profound effects in enhancing the tribological performance of slider bearings.
Microstructure, surface characteristics and properties of Ni–W composite coatings reinforced by nanoparticles fabricated by electrodeposition route
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Fu Qiang , Shi Zhongquan , Ji Cuicui , Li Baosong , Chu Hongqiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The effects of ZrO2, TiN, BN and Si3N4 nanoparticles on the microstructural, surface characteristics and properties of Ni-W composite coating have been comparatively studied in this paper. Their morphology, microstructure and characteristics were evaluated. Results illustrated that nanoparticles have been distributed in Ni-W composite coating, which could reinforce their properties. The surface topography was affected by the operating parameters. The formation of nodular protrusions could be attributed to the preferential discharge of the metal ions at the raised sites. The incorporation of nanoparticles could refine grains. The crystallite size of ZrO2, TiN, BN, and Si3N4 reinforced Ni-W composite coating were 13 ± 1, 13 ± 2, 12 ± 1 and 18 ± 1 nm, respectively. The roughness values (R
a) of ZrO2, TiN, BN and Si3N4 strengthened Ni-W composite coating is about 50 ± 2, 70 ± 4, 89 ± 11 and 25 ± 1 nm, respectively. The corrosion-resistant and anti-wear capability have been enhanced by incorporating nanoparticles into the Ni-W alloy matrix. The strengthening mechanisms of the nanocomposite coating were proposed. These nanocomposite coating exhibit potential application advantages as protective coating with high performance in harsh conditions.
Misalignment instability in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene on hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Lin Xianqing , Su Kelu , Ni Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study the stability and electronic structure of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene on the hexagonal boron nitride (TBG/BN). Structural relaxation has been performed for commensurate supercells of the heterostructures with different twist angles (

θ

′

) and stackings between TBG and BN. We find that the slightly misaligned configuration with

θ

′

=

0.54
∘

and the AA/AA stacking has the globally lowest total energy due to the constructive interference of the moiré interlayer potentials and thus the greatly enhanced relaxation in its 1 × 1 commensurate supercell. Gaps are opened at the Fermi level (E

F
) for small supercells with the stackings that enable strong breaking of the C
2 symmetry in the atomic structure of TBG. For large supercells with

θ

′

close to those of the 1 × 1 supercells, the broadened flat bands can still be resolved from the spectral functions. The

θ

′

=

0.54
∘

is also identified as a critical angle for the evolution of the electronic structure with

θ

′

, at which the energy range of the mini-bands around E

F
begins to become narrower with increasing

θ

′

and their gaps from the dispersive bands become wider. The discovered stablest TBG/BN with a finite

θ

′

of about 0.54∘ and its gapped flat bands agree with recent experimental observations.
Graphene Roadmap Briefs (No. 1): innovation interfaces of the Graphene Flagship
Authors: Döscher Henning , Reiss Thomas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Graphene and related materials (GRMs) promise ample impact on future industries. In the frame of the Graphene Flagship project, its technology and innovation roadmap (TIR) process explores pathways towards GRM industrialization. The initial issue of Graphene Roadmap Briefs outlines scope and goals of the novel format in the context the history, present status, and projected future of the TIR process. It particularly focusses the novel innovation interface investigation (3I) approach designed to explore the impact of GRM on the formation and transformation of potential future value chains. Context specific innovation spheres and their interrelations through innovation interfaces constitute the underlying key concepts of the 3I approach and serve as essential building blocks of prospective supply chains. The practical implementation of 3I studies bases on an extensive stakeholder consultation strategy to aggregate all relevant perspectives from key experts along a specific innovation chain. Each study culminates in an interactive 3I focus workshop to consolidate consensus expectations. An explorative innovation roadmap summarizes the joint vision for the innovation under investigation and outlines a realistic pathway for its implementation. We conclude with a coarse overview on earlier TIR results, on recent focus topics, and on the selection process that shape the current status and the future trajectory of the TIR process within and beyond the Graphene Flagship.
About: Graphene Roadmap Briefs
Graphene Roadmap Briefs highlight key innovation areas impacted by graphene and related 2D materials (GRMs) as well as overarching aspects of GRM innovation status and prospects. The series bases on the evolving technology and innovation roadmap process initiated by the European Graphene Flagship. It covers crucial innovation trends beyond fundamental scientific discovery and applied research on GRM utilization opportunities.
Graphene Roadmap Briefs (No. 2): industrialization status and prospects 2020
Authors: Döscher Henning , Schmaltz Thomas , Neef Christoph , Thielmann Axel , Reiss Thomas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The remarkable properties of graphene and related materials (GRMs) promise substantial benefits for a wide range of technologies. Their industrial utilization, however, critically depends on the availability of suitable GRM supply in terms of both quality and quantity at a competitive price. All factors remain highly specific to the each application scenario, while the emerging GRM supply industry still struggles to engage prospective clients in active development of GRM-enhanced products. The present issue of Graphene Roadmap Briefs compiles results on the status and prospects of GRM industrialization gathered by several innovation interface investigations (3I) that we conducted throughout the past 3 years. Each 3I study focussed a unique prospective value chain that GRM innovation promises to enable or advance in the future. While individual roadmaps mainly cover the peculiarities of the specific GRM supply chain under investigation, we combine all results regarding the primary material supply sector and it is rapidly evolving innovation context in Europe and beyond here. We introduce both the initial 2018 graphene industrialization roadmap and its thorough 2020 revision and extension. Our conclusions cover both crucial factors hampering the diffusion GRM today and opportunities to overcome these bottlenecks in the future.
About: Graphene Roadmap Briefs
Graphene Roadmap Briefs highlight key innovation areas impacted by graphene and related 2D materials (GRMs) as well as overarching aspects of GRM innovation status and prospects. The series bases on the evolving technology and innovation roadmap process initiated by the European Graphene Flagship. It covers crucial innovation trends beyond fundamental scientific discovery and applied research on GRM utilization opportunities.
Luminescent polyurethane composite with real-time thermal response via visible signal
Authors: Jin Yang , Shi Muyang , Zhu Yanan , Pang Zengyuan , Li Xiaoqiang , Ge Mingqiao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Visible signals are vital to human communication. Thermal signals are often difficult to observe unless they are in physical contact with the subject or an infrared thermal imaging system is used. In this study, we prepared a luminescent polyurethane composite (LPC), which can intelligently alter its colour and luminescence based on temperature. The LPC is fabricated from rare-earth luminescent materials (Sr2ZnSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+ and Y2O2S: Eu3+, Mg2+, Ti4+), a heat-sensitive rose-red TF-R1 thermochromic pigment (TP), polyurethane (PU), and polyester fabric. Microstructure and crystal structure analyses were carried out to determine the basic material properties of the LPC. The reflectivity and K S−1 value under different temperatures indicate that blue and green light were absorbed by LPC at 25 °C and the absorption decreased at 45 °C. This results in the LPC turning white. The emission spectra demonstrate that the quinoid structure of TP blocked the light of Sr2ZnSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+. Meanwhile, the lactone structure of TP allowed the light emission of Sr2ZnSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+ and Y2O2S: Eu3+, Mg2+, Ti4+. As a result, LPC emits red light at low temperatures and blue light at high temperatures. The advantage of the fabricated LPC is that the output can be easily manipulated into patterns. The uncured PU could form various graphics to cooperate with visible signals. Therefore, the LPC has significant potential as a functional material in smart clothing, flexible electronics, and wearable devices.
Improving flexural properties of polymethyl methacrylate denture filled by carbon nanofibers under low filling content
Authors: Dai Xinyu , Xu Zhimin , Li Zhengqiang , Sun Yidan , Zhang Shichen , Han Bing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this article, we chose carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with high aspect ratio and excellent mechanical strength to investigate the evolution of the assemble behavior belong to the nanofillers and its effect on mechnaical properties of CNFs enhanced polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) base denture resins. Test specimens were manufactured by mixing 0.5%, 1% and 3% content of CNFs with PMMA powder and the flexural properties of the specimens were tested by three-points testing. Comparing with the low flexural strength of pure PMMA base denture resins, Statistical evaluation results revealed that CNFs fillers highly improved the flexural strength of the composite resins to 66.44 ± 1.40 MPa, 68.75 ± 6.82 MPa and 89.26 ± 1.97 MPa at content reached 0.5%, 1% and 3%, respectively. Flexural modulus of neat PMMA was 2.79 ± 0.48 GPa, and the flexural modulus of the sample contains 0.5%, 1% and 3% reached 6.42 ± 0.75 GPa, 5.95 ± 0.29 GPa and 6.27 ± 0.14 GPa, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the aggregation of CNFs fillers, which is considered a stereoscopic framework that played the role of a special enhancing reinforcement under low filler content, and this strategy is considered to be expanded and developed to a common strategy that guiding our design in composite denture resins.
Enhanced mechanical strength of Cu–Sn alloy by Mg addition
Authors: Wu Tao , Yuan Dawei , Huang Hao , Wang Wenjing , Xiao Xiangpeng , Li Mingmao , Yang Bin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the commercially available Cu–Sn alloy has attracted great interest within the new energy vehicles and industrial robots industries because of its relatively excellent comprehensive performance as compared to those of Cu–Ag and Cu–Mg alloys. In this work, we study the possibility of improving the tensile strength of Cu–Sn alloy via Mg addition. Our results show that, the addition of Mg could significantly improve the strength of the Cu–Sn alloy, the tensile strength of the Cu–Sn alloy was increased from 399MPa to 427MPa by 0.02 wt.% Mg addition after 80% cold-rolled reduction. This can be ascribed to the combined effect of the acceleration of the grain refinement and the promotion of the sub-structures formation by Mg addition during cold rolling process. Larger number density and more uniformly distributed sub–structures with an average size of 120 nm were formed in Mg-contained alloy than that in Mg-free alloy after 80% reduction. However, the Mg addition slightly decreased the electrical conductivity (EC) of the alloy (1.5%IACS), because of the lattice distortion caused by Mg atoms.
Investigation of the dynamic behaviour ceramic matrix composites obtained by additive technologies
Authors: Promakhov Vladimir , Vorozhtsov Alexander , Korobenkov Maxim , Schults Nikita , Bakhmat Vladislav , Dronov Filipp 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Additive technologies open up new possibilities for creating materials with controlled structural features including ceramic composites. Such composites have good strength properties, fracture toughness and toughness. But not all properties are studied well. In order to predict the mechanical behavior of transformation-hardened ceramic composites with a controlled structure under dynamic loads, it is convenient to use methods of numerical analysis.The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of loading speed on microstructure evolution of ZTA nanocomposites obtained by additive tecnology of fused deposition modeling. Within the framework of the study physical and mathematical model that is used in computational mechanics of materials is developed. In the paper is shown the influence of the loading rate on the strain rate in the region of the shock transition for materials based on Al2O3 - 20%ZrO2 system. The research shows nonlinear effects under intense dynamic loads in the shown composite materials are bound up with either the processes of self-organisation of deformation modes at the mesoscopic level or the occurrence of martensitic phase transformations in matrix volumes adjacent to the strengthening particles.
Numerical simulation of laser-induced plasma in background gas considering multiple interaction processes
Authors: WANG Junxiao , ZHANG Lei , WANG Shuqing , SU Maogen , SUN Duixiong , HAN Jianghua , XIA Guofu , DONG Chenzhong , MIN Qi , MA Weiguang , DONG Lei , YIN Wangbao , XIAO Liantuan , JIA Suotang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Laser-induced plasma is often produced in the presence of background gas, which causes some new physical processes. In this work, a two-dimensional axisymmetric radiation fluid dynamics model is used to numerically simulate the expansion process of plasma under different pressures and gases, in which the multiple interaction processes of diffusion, viscosity and heat conduction between the laser ablated target vapor and the background gas are further considered, and the spatio-temporal evolutions of plasma parameters (species number density, expansion velocity, size and electron temperature) as well as the emission spectra are obtained. The consistency between the actual and simulated spectra of aluminum plasma in 1 atm argon verifies the correctness of the model and the numerical simulation, thus providing a refinement analysis method for the basic research of plasma expansion in gases and the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.
Recombinant major ampullate spidroin-particles as biotemplates for manganese carbonate mineralization
Authors: Neubauer Vanessa J , Kellner Christine , Gruen Viktoria , Schenk Anna S , Scheibel Thomas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mineral deposition in biological systems is often templated by organic matrices including proteins directing the nucleation and growth of bioceramics by interacting with early stage species of the mineralization process or coordinating specific facets of the forming crystal. Structurally, charged surface patches are a characteristic motif of biomineralization-associated proteins, which are able to accumulate and bind ions from the surrounding media and, therefore, initiate, promote or inhibit mineralization. Controlled protein engineering enables the manipulation and control of bioinspired in vitro precipitation systems, and thus not only opens prospects for the design of environmentally benign synthetic strategies towards hierarchically structured functional materials, but also enhances the understanding of fundamental interaction mechanisms in biomineralization processes. Here, two recombinant variants of the spider silk protein ADF4 were engineered with oppositely charged peptide tags. Both were processed into micrometer-sized particles and investigated for their influence on manganese carbonate mineralization. Micro- and nano-structured manganese carbonate represents an attractive material for diverse applications including catalysis and wastewater treatment. While both types of spider silk particles were incorporated into the mineral structure, the positively tagged proteins appeared to interact more strongly with the formed manganese carbonate crystals than their negatively charged counterparts. Combination of the spider silk particles and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), a water-soluble structure-directing agent associated with the stabilization of amorphous precursor phases in carbonates, resulted in the formation of film-like non-equilibrium structures of MnCO3 entrapping the spider silk particles. With the aim to gain mechanistic insights and to elucidate the interaction between the different components involved in the mineralization process, we studied the interplay between PAA, positively or negatively tagged spider silk particles, and Mn(II) ions by time-resolved dynamic light scattering. The here used set-up affords the possibility to identify control strategies for the template-mediated mineralization of manganese carbonate.