bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grafting for managing vegetable crop pests
Authors: Thies Judy A 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNematode and disease resistant rootstocks have been developed for many vegetable crops including tomato, eggplant, melon, watermelon, and cucumber and are being utilized by an increasing number of growers. Grafting commercially desirable vegetable scions on nematode and disease resistant rootstocks has been significantly stimulated by the need for an alternative to banned soil fumigation with methyl bromide, which had been the primary method for managing soil‐borne nematodes, diseases, and weeds. Rootstocks resistant to root‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and diseases including Fusarium wilt, Fusarium crown and root rot, Verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, Southern blight, and sudden wilt have been developed and many are available commercially. New technologies such as transcriptomics, identification of differentially expressed genes, transgene rootstocks, and RNAi silencing are being used in the development of vegetable rootstocks which are resistant to pests, salt tolerant, and heat and cold tolerant. Overall, grafting has proven to be a successful and environmentally safe method for managing root‐knot nematodes and soil‐borne diseases by reducing infection, disease development, and inoculum build‐up in the soil, which is especially important for growth of healthy subsequent crops. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Population structure and insecticide resistance status of Tuta absoluta populations from Turkey
Authors: İnak Emre , Özdemir Esengül , Atış Abdullah Emre , Randa Zelyüt Filiz , İnak Arda , Demir Ünver , Roditakis Emmanouil , Vontas John 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTuta absoluta is a devastating pest in tomato production areas worldwide. After its first introduction to Turkey in 2009, it quickly became the major pest of tomato‐growing areas. Although some biocontrol agents have been used, especially in greenhouses, the main control of T. absoluta relies heavily on chemical insecticides. However, failure in chemical control has often been reported due to resistance development. In this study, we investigated (i) the population structure of 22 T. absoluta populations across Turkey by analysing haplotypes, based on the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene; (ii) the efficacy of three registered insecticides from different classes (metaflumizone, chlorantraniliprole and spinosad) in real field‐greenhouse conditions; and (iii) the geographic distribution of target‐site mutations associated with insecticide resistance.RESULTSThe efficacy of spinosad was higher than that of chlorantraniliprole and metaflumizone in the greenhouse trials, as documented by the mortality rates obtained, up to 14 days post application. Known resistance mutations in ryanodine receptors (RyR) (i.e. the I4790M/K and G4946E), nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (G275E), acetylcholinesterases (A201S) and voltage‐gated sodium channels (F1845Y and V1848I) were found at various frequencies across the populations genotyped. The I4790K diamide resistance mutation in the RyR has been reported for the first time in T. absoluta populations. Although a total of eight haplotypes were found, the overall mean genetic distance was lower than 0.001, indicating the high genetic homogeneity among Turkish T. absoluta populations.CONCLUSIONThe results will contribute to design area‐wide resistance management programs in T. absoluta control in Turkey. However, more monitoring studies are needed to implement evidence‐based insecticide resistance management strategies in the frame of integrated pest management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ecology and biology of the parasitoid Trechnites insidiosus and its potential for biological control of pear psyllids
Authors: Tougeron Kévin , Iltis Corentin , Renoz François , Albittar Loulou , Hance Thierry , Demeter Sébastien , Le Goff Guillaume J 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPear cultivation accounts for a large proportion of worldwide orchards, but its sustainability is controversial because it relies on intensive use of pesticides. It is therefore crucial and timely to find alternative methods to chemical control in pear orchards. The psyllids Cacopsylla pyri and Cacopsylla pyricola are the most important pests of pear trees in Europe and North America, respectively, because they infest all commercial varieties, causing damage directly through sap consumption or indirectly through the spread of diseases. A set of natural enemies exists, ranging from generalist predators to specialist parasitoids. Trechnites insidiosus (Crawford) is undoubtedly the most abundant specialist parasitoid of psyllids. In our literature review, we highlight the potential of this encyrtid species as a biological control agent of psyllid pests by first reviewing its biology and ecology, and then considering its potential at regulating psyllids. We show that the parasitoid can express fairly high parasitism rates in orchards, and almost perfectly matches the phenology of its host and is present early in the host infestation season, which is an advantage for controlling immature stages of psyllids. We propose new research directions and innovative approaches that would improve the use of T. insidiosus in integrated pest management strategies in the future, regarding both augmentative and conservation biocontrol. We conclude that T. insidiosus has many advantages and should be included as part of integrated biological control strategies of pear psyllids, along with predators, in‐field habitat conservation, and the rational use of compatible chemicals. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Non‐Mendelian inheritance of gene amplification‐based resistance to glyphosate in Hordeum glaucum (barley grass) from South Australia
Authors: Adu‐Yeboah Patricia , Malone Jenna M , Gill Gurjeet , Preston Christopher 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDHordeum glaucum Steud. is an important grass weed species in South Australia that has evolved resistance to glyphosate. This study investigated the mode of inheritance of glyphosate resistance in this species.RESULTSHand‐pollination of glyphosate susceptible and resistant populations generated two F1 individuals, selfed to yield F2 progenies. In dose–response experiments, the F2 progenies showed intermediate response between the two parent populations. High variation in EPSPS gene copies was observed among F2 individuals, with some individuals possessing more gene copies than the resistant parent population. No evidence of a Mendelian single‐gene pattern of inheritance was observed.CONCLUSIONInheritance of gene amplification in H. glaucum is non‐Mendelian. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ac106/107 affects production of infectious progeny BV by regulating transcription of late viral genes and host cell energy metabolism
Authors: Wang Jingli , Li Ke , Fu Yuejun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcMNPV is a model organism of baculovirus, and Spodoptera frugiperda is one of its hosts. Disclosing the role of ac106/107 in AcMNPV infecting Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (Sf9) cells is of great significance for modifying AcMNPV as a microbial insecticide. This work constructed recombinant baculovirus that knocking out, repairment and overexpression of ac106/107 and explored the effects of Ac106/107 on the proliferation of progeny viruses. Moreover, the potential mechanism and targets of ac106/107 were further revealed.RESULTSFirst, compared with the Bacmid‐EGFP transfection group, the progeny virus does not proliferate after knocking out of ac106/107, and the proliferation ability increases by 14.5% at 72 h post transfection (h p.t.) when overexpression of ac106/107. However, knockout, repairment and overexpression of ac106/107 have no effect on viral DNA replication. Secondly, Ac106/107‐EGFP was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Transcription level of late viral genes and viral RNA polymerase subunit genes in the Bacmidac106/107KO‐EGFP transfection group and Bacmid‐Ac106/107‐EGFP transfection group was reduced and increased, respectively. Thirdly, AcMNPV would increase the glucose utilization and lactate consumption of the host Sf9 cells, and Bacmidac106/107KO‐EGFP transfection group had lower glucose consumption and lactic acid accumulation than Bacmid‐EGFP, Bacmidac106/107KO ‐Ac106/107(rep)‐EGFP and Bacmid‐Ac106/107‐EGFP transfection groups.CONCLUSIONAc106/107 can enter the nucleus and affect transcription of viral RNA polymerase subunit genes, which in turn affects the transcription of late genes, and ultimately affects virus proliferation and energy metabolism in host cells. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Low glyphosate doses change reproduction and produce tolerant offspring in dense populations of Hordeum vulgare
Authors: Belz Regina G , Sinkkonen Aki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDLow toxin doses that do not affect mean responses in plant populations can still change the growth of subpopulations. Studies covering vegetative stages ascribed fast‐growing plants higher thresholds for growth stimulation and inhibition, compared with the rest of the population. We hypothesized that such selective effects also play a role after reproduction; that is, the offspring of glyphosate‐treated tolerant, fast‐growing phenotypes is more tolerant than the offspring of untreated plants. An experimental, high‐density barley population was exposed to a range of glyphosate concentrations in the greenhouse, and reproduction and final growth were analyzed for selective effects. Therefore, F0, F1 treated and F1 non‐treated offspring were re‐exposed to glyphosate.RESULTSLow doses of glyphosate inhibited the growth and reproduction of slow‐growing plants at concentrations that did not change the population mean. Concentrations that inhibited average‐sized plants hormetically increased the biomass and seed yield of fast‐growing plants. Compared with F0 and F1 non‐treated offspring, F1‐treated offspring from hormetically stimulated fast‐growing plants were more glyphosate tolerant. Hence, a pesticide can shape the reproductive pattern of a plant population and alter offspring tolerance at concentrations that have no effect on average yield.CONCLUSIONSToxin levels that do not change the population mean still alter the reproductive output of individuals. Sensitive phenotypes suffer, whereas the reproduction of tolerant phenotypes is boosted compared with toxin‐free conditions. Because glyphosate is one of the leading herbicides in the world, tolerant phenotypes may benefit from current agricultural practices. If these results apply to other toxicants, low toxin doses may increase the fitness of tolerant phenotypes in a way not previously anticipated. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Cumulative live birth rate according to the number of receiving governmental subsidies for assisted reproductive technology in Saitama Prefecture, Japan: A retrospective study using individual data for governmental subsidies
Authors: Jwa Seung Chik , Ishihara Osamu , Kuwahara Akira , Saito Kazuki , Saito Hidekazu , Terada Yukihiro , Kobayashi Yasuki , Maeda Eri 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeWe investigated the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) in women receiving governmental subsidies for assisted reproductive technology (ART) in Saitama Prefecture, Japan.MethodsWomen who applied for subsidies from Saitama Prefectural Government for the first time in 2016 were enrolled and followed up until the end of 2017. Treatment information, including live birth, was obtained from the Japanese ART registry by linking it with unique identification numbers for treatment. Patients’ factors associated with having a live birth were investigated.ResultsOf 1,072 women (2,513 applications), 495 (46.2%) had a live birth with 8 (1.6%) twin pregnancies. The CLBR over six subsidized cycles was 53.7% for women aged <40 years, and 17.2% over three subsidized cycles for women 40‐42 years; highest among women <35 years (58.4%), followed by those aged 35‐39 years (49.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed patient age as the only independent factor for having a live birth.ConclusionsThe CLBR of women receiving subsidies for ART was greatest in women aged <35 years. Effective policies for promoting ART among younger couples who seek infertility treatment are essential.
The role of procedural rationality in debiasing acquisition decisions of overconfident CEOs
Authors: Pavićević Stevo , Keil Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryIn corporate acquisitions, overconfident chief executive officers (CEOs) often make biased decisions, subsequently paying unjustifiably high acquisition premiums. We investigate the predeal process in which the acquisition premium is decided upon and, drawing from procedural rationality theory, argue that the pursuit of greater procedural rationality through slow‐paced predeal processes reduces the tendency of overconfident CEOs to inflate acquisition premiums. The empirical results based on a sample of acquisitions involving publicly held US firms show that overconfident CEOs tend to pay high acquisition premiums, replicating earlier findings of such a relationship. More importantly, the results show that the tendency of overconfident CEOs to overpay for acquisitions decreases under conditions in which the predeal processes are slower in pace.Managerial SummaryCEOs often exhibit excessively high levels of confidence in their ability to make successful corporate acquisitions. Driven by the belief in their ability, overconfident CEOs often end up overpaying for acquisitions. Our study provides suggestive evidence that setting a slow acquisition process pace is an important prerequisite for an acquiring firm and its board of directors to attenuate the inflating effect of CEO overconfidence on acquisition premiums. Our arguments and results imply that boards of directors should slow the pace of predeal acquisition processes if their CEO is exhibiting signs of overconfidence.
The Most Invisible Maternal Experience? Analysing How Maternal Regret Is Discussed in Finland
Authors: Sihto Tiina , Mustosmäki Armi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Finland, becoming a mother is often constructed as an individual choice that ultimately leads to personal fulfilment and happiness, despite the occasional ‘negative’ feelings associated with motherhood such as exhaustion, frustration and tiredness. In this cultural atmosphere, maternal regret continues to be a subject that is hidden, forbidden and rarely scrutinised. It is perhaps surprising that in one of the world’s most gender egalitarian countries, which is also perceived to be one of the best countries in which to be a mother, women still testify that motherhood is limited to survival. We argue that, somewhat paradoxically, discussing the negative emotions of motherhood might be particularly difficult in a relatively gender egalitarian society, where family policies are (by international comparison) fairly comprehensive and where becoming a mother is strongly constructed as a ‘free choice’. These discourses often hide the fact that parenthood in Finland is still extremely gendered. Finland’s masculine work culture with long working hours, the tendency for mothers and fathers not to take equal parental leave periods, and the cuts to welfare state services for families all contribute to the gendered division of parenthood. What are rarely discussed in connection with the struggles of mothering are political demands to improve gender equality. This chapter analyses discussion of maternal regret on an anonymous Finnish online discussion board. In comments from regretful mothers, motherhood is constructed as all-consuming, draining work. Hiding regret, especially from children, is seen as essential, as these mothers fear that their lack of ‘correct’ feelings will have adverse effects on their children. In comments responding to these regretful mothers, disbelief is a recurring theme with commenters suggesting that regretful mothers have misrecognised self-inflicted exhaustion or postnatal depression as regret. Such individualising responses depoliticise regret, contributing to the maintenance of taboos around motherhood.
International Responses to Regretting Motherhood
Authors: Heffernan Valerie , Stone Katherine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent debates about maternal regret, prompted by the publication of Israeli sociologist Orna Donath’s (2015) research with mothers who admit to regretting their motherhood, have manifested differently in different cultural contexts. This chapter situates Tiina Sihto and Armi Mustosmäki’s analysis of a discussion of regret among contributors to an online forum for mothers in Finland (see Chap.10.1007/978-981-16-1174-2_10) within the international context by comparing the Finnish discussion to similar media debates in Spain and the Anglophone countries. Our analysis reveals that while the idea that a woman might regret her motherhood is more readily accepted in countries where institutional support for mothers is lacking, there is a general acceptance that the inordinate pressures placed on mothers in neoliberal societies to negotiate the competing demands of family and paid employment make it inevitable that some women will experience regret. Moreover, we find evidence that the open conversation about regret triggered by Donath’s research is perceived as a further step towards destabilizing traditional attitudes towards gender roles.
Cytochrome P450-dependent biotransformation capacities in embryonic, juvenile and adult stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio)—a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Loerracher Ann-Kathrin , Braunbeck Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGiven the strong trend to implement zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as translational model not only in ecotoxicological, but also toxicological testing strategies, there is an increasing need for a better understanding of their capacity for xenobiotic biotransformation. With respect to the extrapolation of toxicological data from zebrafish embryos to other life stages or even other organisms, qualitative and quantitative differences in biotransformation pathways, above all in cytochrome P450-dependent (CYP) phase I biotransformation, may lead to over- or underestimation of the hazard and risk certain xenobiotic compounds may pose to later developmental stages or other species. This review provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art overview of the scientific knowledge on the development of the CYP1-4 families and corresponding phase I biotransformation and bioactivation capacities in zebrafish. A total of 68 publications dealing with spatiotemporal CYP mRNA expression patterns, activities towards mammalian CYP-probe substrates, bioactivation and detoxification activities, as well as metabolite profiling were analyzed and included in this review. The main results allow for the following conclusions: (1) Extensive work has been done to document mRNA expression of CYP isoforms from earliest embryonic stages of zebrafish, but juvenile and adult zebrafish have been largely neglected so far. (2) There is insufficient understanding of how sex- and developmental stage-related differences in expression levels of certain CYP isoforms may impact biotransformation and bioactivation capacities in the respective sexes and in different developmental stages of zebrafish. (3) Albeit qualitatively often identical, many studies revealed quantitative differences in metabolic activities of zebrafish embryos and later developmental stages. However, the actual relevance of age-related differences on the outcome of toxicological studies still needs to be clarified. (4) With respect to current remaining gaps, there is still an urgent need for further studies systematically assessing metabolic profiles and capacities of CYP isoforms in zebrafish. Given the increasing importance of Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concepts, an improved understanding of CYP capacities appears essential for the interpretation and outcome of (eco)toxicological studies.
New insights into the mechanisms underlying 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal toxicity based on transcriptomic and metabolomic responses in human intestinal organoids
Authors: Rodrigues Daniela , de Souza Terezinha , Coyle Luke , Di Piazza Matteo , Herpers Bram , Ferreira Sofia , Zhang Mian , Vappiani Johanna , Sévin Daniel C. , Gabor Attila , Lynch Anthony , Chung Seung-Wook , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Jennen Danyel G. J. , Kleinjans Jos C. S. , de Kok Theo M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutical that induces acute toxicity in the small and large intestine of patients. Symptoms can be severe and lead to the interruption of cancer treatments. However, there is limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying 5-FU-induced intestinal toxicity. In this study, well-established 3D organoid models of human colon and small intestine (SI) were used to characterize 5-FU transcriptomic and metabolomic responses. Clinically relevant 5-FU concentrations for in vitro testing in organoids were established using physiologically based pharmacokinetic simulation of dosing regimens recommended for cancer patients, resulting in exposures to 10, 100 and 1000 µM. After treatment, different measurements were performed: cell viability and apoptosis; image analysis of cell morphological changes; RNA sequencing; and metabolome analysis of supernatant from organoids cultures. Based on analysis of the differentially expressed genes, the most prominent molecular pathways affected by 5-FU included cell cycle, p53 signalling, mitochondrial ATP synthesis and apoptosis. Short time-series expression miner demonstrated tissue-specific mechanisms affected by 5-FU, namely biosynthesis and transport of small molecules, and mRNA translation for colon; cell signalling mediated by Rho GTPases and fork-head box transcription factors for SI. Metabolomic analysis showed that in addition to the effects on TCA cycle and oxidative stress in both organoids, tissue-specific metabolic alterations were also induced by 5-FU. Multi-omics integration identified transcription factor E2F1, a regulator of cell cycle and apoptosis, as the best key node across all samples. These results provide new insights into 5-FU toxicity mechanisms and underline the relevance of human organoid models in the safety assessment in drug development.
Serotonin involvement in okadaic acid-induced diarrhoea in vivo
Authors: Louzao M. Carmen , Costas Celia , Abal Paula , Suzuki Toshiyuki , Watanabe Ryuichi , Vilariño Natalia , Carrera Cristina , Boente-Juncal Andrea , Vale Carmen , Vieytes Mercedes R. , Botana Luis M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe consumption of contaminated shellfish with okadaic acid (OA) group of toxins leads to diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning (DSP) characterized by a set of symptoms including nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. These phycotoxins are Ser/Thr phosphatase inhibitors, which produce hyperphosphorylation in cellular proteins. However, this inhibition does not fully explain the symptomatology reported and other targets could be relevant to the toxicity. Previous studies have indicated a feasible involvement of the nervous system. We performed a set of in vivo approaches to elucidate whether neuropeptide Y (NPY), Peptide YY (PYY) or serotonin (5-HT) was implicated in the early OA-induced diarrhoea. Fasted Swiss female mice were administered NPY, PYY(3–36) or cyproheptadine intraperitoneal prior to oral OA treatment (250 µg/kg). A non-significant delay in diarrhoea onset was observed for NPY (107 µg/kg) and PYY(3–36) (1 mg/kg) pre-treatment. On the contrary, the serotonin antagonist cyproheptadine was able to block (10 mg/kg) or delay (0.1 and 1 mg/kg) diarrhoea onset suggesting a role of 5-HT. This is the first report of the possible involvement of serotonin in OA-induced poisoning.