bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kafle Shyam Prasad , Bhatta Mukesh , Shrestha Ramesh , Sitaula Sarita , Koirala Namu , Koirala Anupam 
Published: July 2021

Background: Timely detection and treatment of pathological hyperbilirubinemia in newbornscan prevent acute bilirubin encephalopathy and its consequences. We aimed to identifyitsoccurrence, presentationtime, phototherapyduration, need for exchange transfusion,and outcome.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled all the babies admitted for pathological neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the university hospital ofBPKIHSin a one-yearduration. Babies with life-threatening congenital malformations or conjugated bilirubin >20% of total serum bilirubin or >2 mg/dl were excluded. Obstetric profile of mothers, clinical and laboratory parameters of babies, onset time of pathological jaundice, duration of phototherapy, need for exchange transfusion or intravenous immunoglobulin were recorded. Neonatal outcome was classified as good and poor and its association with potential predictors analyzed.
Results: One-hundred and fifty babiesdeveloped neonatal jaundice requiring treatment. The most common causes includedABO and Rh setting. No cause was found in 26 (18%) babies. One-hundred and eight babies (72%) were only managed withphototherapy whereas 42 (28%) required both phototherapy and double volume exchange therapy. The majority (84.5%) had good outcome without any residual neurological deficit at discharge.Babies with total serum bilirubin >20 mg/dl at presentation, duration of phototherapy >44.8 h, ABO setting, hemolysis, and out born statussignificantly developed poor outcome (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: About 15% of the babies with hyperbilirubinemia had acute bilirubin encephalopathy at discharge suggestive of poor outcome. Babies with high bilirubin at presentation, longer duration of phototherapy, ABO settings, hemolysis, and out born statusdeveloped poor outcome.
Detection of Carbamazepine Level among Patients Visiting Psychiatric and Pediatric Services of a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Panday Dipesh Raj , Rauniar Gajendra Prasad , Rai Dilli Sher , Panday Karishma Rajbhandari , Basnet Madhur , Kafle Shyam Prasad 
Published: July 2021

Background: Carbamazepine plasma level is directly related to dose, therapeutic effect, and toxicity. We aimed to observe its plasma level and relationship with dose among psychiatric and pediatric patients.
Methods: This observational study was performed in the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Laboratory of a university hospital for a period of 1.5 years. Twenty-six consenting patients visiting either psychiatric or pediatric service and taking carbamazepine same dose for > 8 days (i.e. > 6 half-lives) were enrolled. The primary outcome was plasma carbamazepine level as determined by a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography machine. The secondary outcome included its correlation with dose assessed by the Spearman rho’s correlation coefficient.
Results: The mean dose received by the patients was 13.31 ± 5.39 mg/kg/day in pediatrics and 8.33 ± 2.29 mg/kg/day in psychiatry. The plasma levels [median (IQR)] were 10.01 (6.27, 13.35) mg/L and 10.53 (5.17, 15.19) mg/L respectively in pediatric and psychiatric patients. Thirteen patients (50%) had therapeutic, 10 (36.46%) had above therapeutic, and 3 (11.54%) had subtherapeutic plasma level. Neurocysticercosis (23.1%) in pediatrics and partial seizure (69%) in psychiatry were the most common diagnosis. Symptom-control was achieved in 19 (73.1%) patients. The plasma carbamazepine level did not correlate with dose either in pediatric patients (p = 0.42) or in psychiatry patients (p = 0.63).
Conclusion: The plasma carbamazepine levels [median (IQR)] in pediatric and psychiatric patients were 10.01 (6.27, 13.35) mg/L and 10.53 (5.17, 15.19) mg/L respectively. The plasma level was normal in half of the recruited patients and did not correlate with dose.
Serum Vitamin D Level in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Catheterization
Authors: Nepal Bikash , Sah Ajit , Karki Biplave , Ghimire Jeet Prasad , Mahaseth Aditya , Pandit Swapnil , Sah Ajit , Uranw Surendra , Pandey Naveen Kumar , Shah Prashant , Karki Prahlad 
Published: July 2021

Background: Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to measure the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in CAD and its association with severity of angiographic proven CAD.
Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study included 106 consecutive patients who were admitted for typical angina and had signs of myocardial injury (ECG findings and/ or elevated troponin I or CK-MB) and who underwent coronary angiography at the university hospital of BPKIHS from August 2020 to April 2021. Patients were categorized into angiographic proven CAD group and angiographic normal coronary artery group. Serum vitamin D level was classified as normal (≥ 30 ng/ml) and deficiency (< 30 ng/ml).
Results: Out of 106 patients, 78 patients (73.6%) had vitamin D deficiency and 28 (26.4%) had normal vitamin D level (p = 0.39). Vitamin D level (mean ± SD) in patients with angiographic normal coronary artery and angiographic proven CAD were 25.94 ± 11.63 ng/ml and 26.07 ± 12.90 ng/ml respectively (p = 0.97). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 75.0% and 64.3% in significant CAD group and normal coronary artery group respectively (p = 0.39). Similarly, frequency of vitamin D deficiency were 68.6%, 78.3% and 88.90% in single, double, and triple vessel disease respectively (p = 0.21). The vitamin D level (mean ± SD) in single, double and triple vessel disease were 27.31 ± 14.02 ng/ml, 25.69 ± 12.72 ng/ml, 23.08 ± 9.45 ng/ml respectively.
Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in both angiographic normal coronary artery and angiographic proven CAD were high but comparable. There was no association of vitamin D deficiency with severity of angiographic proven CAD.
Comparison of Upper Lip Bite Test with Modified Mallampati Test and Thyromental Distance for Prediction of Difficult Intubation
Authors: Koirala Sabin , Shakya Bigen Man , Marhatta Moda Nath 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The prediction of difficult intubation using simple bedside test is of great importance to prevent mismanagement of airway. This study was conducted to compare Upper Lip Bite Test (ULBT) with Modified Mallampati Test (MMT) and Thyromental Distance (TMD) for the prediction of difficult intubation.
Method: This was descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 121 patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) I and II patients scheduled for elective surgery requiring general anaesthesia with endotracheal tube. The airway assessment of the patients was done one day prior to the surgery using Upper Lip Bite Test (ULBT), Modified Mallampati Test (MMT) and measurement of Thyromental Distance (TMD) . On the day of surgery during laryngoscopy, Cormack-Lehane (CL) grading was recorded. The CL grading of III and IV was labeled as difficult intubation. The Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV), Likelihood Ratio (LR) of ULBT, MMT and TMD were calculated and compared.
Results: The total percentage of difficult intubation, defined by Cormack-Lehane (CL) III and IV was 16.52 %. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of Upper Lip Bite Test (ULBT) was 50%, 100%, 100%, 91% and 91.74% respectively. ULBT had a significantly higher sensitivity, specificity and PPV when compared to MMT or TMD or MMT and TMD when combined together.
Conclusions: Upper Lip Bite Test (ULBT) is better predictor of difficult intubation and it should be used along with other test during airway assessment.
Comparison of Inhalational Vital Capacity Induction with Sevoflurane to Intravenous Induction with Propofol
Authors: Adhikari Krishna Murari , Lakhe Gajal 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Intravenous propofol is commonly used for induction of general anesthesia because it is smooth and rapid. Inhalational induction method is used in limited situations like absence of venous access and difficult intubation. Sevoflurane also produces rapid induction comparable to propofol. We conducted this study to compare induction time and quality of sevoflurane with that of propofol.
Methods:Total 102 patient undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery were divided into Group S and Group P with 51 patient in each group. In group S patient were induced with Sevoflurane 8% via vital capacity induction method. In group P, patients were induced with injection propofol 1% with titrating dose. Induction time, hemodynamic changes and complications during induction, patient satisfaction and cost of induction were compared.
Results: Induction was rapid in Group S (53.33±17.29s) compared to Group P (72.27±25.15s) (p=0.01). The heart rate and mean arterial pressure were stable in both groups upto one minute after induction. Hypotension occurred more in Group P than in Group S (47.05%vs.37.25%).Cough (9.80 %vs.5.88%) and excessive secretions (5.88%vs.0%) were common in Group S while apnea (3.92%vs5.88%) and involuntary movements(17.64% vs. 27.45%) were common in Group P. Patient satisfaction score was high in both the groups. Cost of induction was cheaper in Group S compared with Group P (1.6±0.54 $vs.1.9±0.43$).
Conclusions: Vital capacity induction with 8% sevoflurane has rapid induction and cheaper as compared to intravenous induction with propofol in a titrating dose. Hemodynamic changes and complications were comparable in both the groups.
Noninvasive diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori among patients with dyspepsia
Authors: Thapa Suresh , Thapa Jiwan , Karki Binod , Khadka Dibas , Bhandari Thapa Anju 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a common disease with disparity in geography, age, race and socioeconomic status. Present study aims to assess the accuracy of noninvasive diagnostic tests.
Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional, observational study of 100 dyspeptic patients during November 2017- June 2018. Profile of dyspeptic patients were recorded in a proforma and accuracy of serology and stool antigen test for H. pylori was compared with histology detection in gastric biopsies.
Results: Mean age of patients was 39.5±13.7 years with almost equal gender distribution. Prevalence of H. pylori was 56% with dyspeptic symptoms in gastric biopsies. Significant association of the infection was seen in patients with a longer duration of dyspepsia, pangastritis on endoscopy and chronic gastritis on histologic examination. Stool antigen test had good sensitivity (71%) and specificity (82%) for H. pylori detection compared with standard histological diagnosis.
Conclusion: Overall prevalence of H. pylori was 56% and was more common in patients of age > 44 years with dyspepsia. Stool antigen has a good diagnostic accuracy and can be used in resource limited settings. However, we recommend a community based study in larger population.
Analisis Pengaruh Sedimen Terhadap Kerusakan Material Pada Runner Turbin Air
Authors: Suwasti Sri , Suci Pratiwi Andi , Mansur Farid 
Published: July 2021

Dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh sedimen tidak hanya abrasi dan erosi terhadap lingkungan, melainkan juga terjadi abrasi dan erosi pada sudu turbin. Konsentrasi sedimen yang tinggi dapat mengakibatkan abrasi dan erosi pada sudu turbin. Selain konsentrasi, ukuran sedimen juga dapat menimbulkan mikroerosi pada sudu turbin. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi penyebab dan pengaruhnya terhadap kerusakan sudu turbin. Di samping itu, juga bertujuan menentukan pengaruh konsentrasi sedimen terhadap kerusakan sudu turbin. Pengujian dilakukan dengan empat variasi konsentrasi sedimen (5%, 8%, 10% dan 12%).Pengujian morfologi mikroerosi dengan menggunakan Microscopy Digital Sistem Akuisisi Data di Laboratorium Sistem Pembangkit Energi Jurusan Teknik Mesin Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang. Pada pengujian morfologi mikro erosi di dapatkan hasil bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi yang di berikan semakin cepat pula terjadi kerusakan pada material. Kerusakan yang terjadi pada material carbon steel akibat adanya tumbukan air yang mengandung sedimen ialah abrasi dan erosi dengan variasi konsentrasi sedimen dan waktu yang sama. Material yang lebih cepat mengalami kerusakan terjadi pada material carbon steel diakibatkan sifat fisik pada material carbon steel lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan sifat material stainless steel.
Field Data Report for the First Microwave Water and Energy Balance Experiment (MicroWEX-1), July 17 - December 16, 2003, Citra, Florida
Authors: Tien Kai-Jen Calvin , Judge Jasmeet , Miller Larry W. , Lanni Orlando L. 
Published: July 2021

Many studies have been conducted in agricultural areas such as bare soil, grass, soybean, wheat, pasture, and corn to understand the relationship between soil moisture and microwave remote sensing. Most of these experiments conducted in agricultural regions have been short-term experiments that captured only a part of growing seasons. It is important to know how microwave brightness signature varies with soil moisture, evapotranspiration (ET), and biomass in a dynamic agricultural canopy with a significant biomass (4-6 kg/m2 ) throughout the growing season. This document is Circular 1470, one of a series of the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Agricultural Research Station, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published April 2005.
Cicular 14/AE288: Field Data Report for the First Microwave Water and Energy Balance Experiment (MicroWEX-1), July 17–December 16, 2003, Citra, Florida (ufl.edu)
Study Questions for the Certified Pesticide Applicator Examination: Natural Areas Weed Management
Authors: Langeland Ken A. 
Published: July 2021

The following questions are intended to help prepare you for taking the Natural Areas Weed Management Certified Pesticide Applicator Examination. It should be used along with IFAS publications SP 295 Natural Area Weed Management - A Training Manual for Restricted Use Pesticide Applicators and SP 257 Identification & Biology of Non-Native Plants in Florida’s Natural Areas, which can be obtained from the IFAS Extension Book store by calling 800-226-1764 (local 359-392-1764) or from http://ifasbooks.ufl.edu. For some questions you will need a copy of a Garlon 4 herbicide label, which can be obtained from http://www.cdms.net/manuf/manuf.asp. Answers to all questions can be found in these publications. You will greatly improve your ability to achieve a passing examination score by locating the answers to the study questions and writing them down. This document is SS-AGR-255, one of a series of the Agronomy Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Instituteof Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published August 2005.
Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Crustaceans
Authors: Pouder Deborah B. , Curtis Eric W. , Yanong Roy P. 
Published: July 2021

This publication is one in a series of pictorial guides that is designed to assist in the identification of common freshwater fish parasites. The information provided in this guide is not intended to be a complete, detailed description of each parasite or parasite group and its characteristics but rather is intended to assist in the visual identification of some of the most common species or groups of parasites seen in freshwater fish. For further information on each parasite, refer to publications in the “Recommended Reading” and “Reference” sections. This document is Fact Sheet FA-115, one of a series from the Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published: July 2005.
FA-115/FA115: Common Freshwater Fish Parasites Pictorial Guide: Crustaceans (ufl.edu)
Juice HACCP Program: An Overview
Authors: Goodrich Renee M. , Schneider Keith R. , Parish M. E. 
Published: July 2021

Juice HACCP commonly refers to the use of HACCP systems to minimize food safety risks in the juice processing, packaging, and transportation industries. The acronym HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (pronounced 'hás•sip'). Significant hazards for a particular juice, puree, or concentrate are identified, based upon scientific information. The steps at which these hazards can be controlled within the process are identified, and the critical limits at each of the key process steps are set. Monitoring procedures are implemented to evaluate conformance with these critical limits. Should the process fall outside these limits, pre-planned corrective actions are taken to prevent the potentially defective product from entering the commerce stream. In addition, the HACCP system relies on extensive verification and documentation to assure that food safety has not been compromised. Thus, HACCP provides a structure for assessing risks or what could go wrong, and for putting the controls in place to minimize such risks. This document is FSHN0515, one of a series of the Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Published August 2005.
FSHN0515/FS124: The Juice HACCP Program: An Overview (ufl.edu)
Field Diagnosis of Citrus Root Weevil Damage
Authors: Futch Stephen H. , McCoy Clayton W. , Graham James H. , Duncan Larry W. , Nigg Herbert N. 
Published: July 2021

Root weevils infest citrus groves throughout the citrus growing regions of Florida. Among the eight weevil species that have been identified in Florida citrus groves, five have some potential to cause economic problems for nurserymen and commercial growers. The most important weevil species are Diaprepes root weevil (Diaprepes abbreviatus), southern blue-green citrus root weevil (Pachnaeus litus), and the blue-green citrus root weevil (Pachnaeus opalus). The little leaf notcher (Artipus floridanus) and Fuller rose beetle (Asynonychus godmani) are of less concern, but may be locally important (Fig. 1). This paper will deal with Diaprepes and the blue-green root weevils because they are of major economic importance and frequently occur in citrus groves. This document is HS-1014, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date May 2005.
HS-1014/HS260: Field Diagnosis of Citrus Root Weevil Damage (ufl.edu)
Field Identification and Management of Greasy Spot Disease
Authors: Futch S. H. , Timmer L. W. 
Published: July 2021

Greasy spot is a disease that's frequently found in tropical and semitropical regions where citrus cultivars are grown. The disease is caused by Mycosphaerella citri. Symptoms appear as yellow to dark brown to black lesions occurring first on the underside of mature citrus leaves (Fig. 1). As the lesions develop on the underside of the leaves, they become darker and a corresponding chlorotic spot will appear on the upper leaf surface. These yellow (chlorotic) spots occur when infected cells fail to develop chlorophyll. Lesions are more yellowish and diffuse on lemons and grapefruit and more raised and darker on tangerines. Affected leaves fall prematurely from the tree during the fall and winter resulting in reduced tree vigor and yield. Greasy spot also infects the fruit of grapefruit trees producing rind blotch. This document is HS-1016, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date May 2005.
HS-1016/HS263: Field Identification and Management of Greasy Spot Disease (ufl.edu)
Getting Started in Butterfly Gardening
Authors: Sprenkel Richard K. 
Published: July 2021

This publication was developed for individuals who are just getting started in butterfly gardening or who want to pursue the hobby with a good chance of success. This document is ENY-722, one of a series of Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Services, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication Date: February 2005.
How Scientists Obtain Approval to Release Organisms for Classical Biological Control of Invasive Weeds
Authors: Scoles John C. , Cuda James P. , Overholt William A. 
Published: July 2021

An invasive weed is a nonnative plant that exhibits rapid population growth following its arrival in a new environment where it did not evolve. The success of the weed in its new habitat is due in part to the absence of the natural enemies that normally limit its reproduction and spread in its native range. Classical biological control seeks to reunite an invasive weed with one or more of its co-evolved natural enemies to provide permanent control of the weed. This document is ENY-828, one of a series of the Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: May 2005.
ENY-828/IN607: How Scientists Obtain Approval to Release Organisms for Classical Biological Control of Invasive Weeds (ufl.edu)
Wildlife and Hunting As Alternative Farm Enterprises
Authors: Giuliano William M. , Thomas Kristin C. 
Published: July 2021

Wildlife enhances our quality of life and is an integral part of the landscape. In addition, wildlife can be managed to provide revenue as part of alternative farm enterprises. The key to maintaining healthy wildlife populations necessary in such alternative enterprises is providing quality habitat through proper management (Figure 1). This document is WEC 197 and one of a series of the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida. First published: July 2005.
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN RENCANA TUNTUTAN (RENTUT) DI INTERNAL KEJAKSAAN INDONESIA
Authors: Vivi Arfiani Siregar Vivi Arfiani Siregar 
Published: July 2021

Kewenangan penuntutan oleh Jaksa Agung kemudian didelegasikan oleh jajaran di bawahnya, yaitu Kepala Kejaksaan Tinggi dan Kepala Kejaksaan Negeri, sehingga mekanisme pengajuan rentut dari Penuntut Umum harus kepada Kepala Kejaksaan Negeri dan pada perkara-perkara tertentu, kepada Kepala Kejaksaan Tinggi atau Jaksa Agung. Adanya intervensi pimpinan terhadap penentuan Tuntutan Pidana tersebut, merupakan salah satu hal pokok yang mempengaruhi Independensi Jaksa selaku Penuntut Umum dalam pelaksanaan pedoman tuntutan pidana.
Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan penulis mengunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif yang merupakan penelitian yang dilakukan berdasarkan asas-asas hukum, hierarki dan hakikat hukum, sehingga sifat penelitian adalah deskriptif analitis yang memberikan gambaran dalam fenomena dengan peristiwa kebiasaan masyarakat.
Kejaksaan tidak dapat bertindak sebagai penyidik kasus-kasus khusus melainkan hanya dapat bertindak sebagai pihak yang menyetujui dimulainya penyidikan dan menerima berita acara penyidikan serta penetapan barang bukti. Upaya yang dilakukan Kejaksaan untuk menghadapi kendala dalam membuat surat dakwaan adalah mencantumkan fakta-fakta yang sama untuk setiap dakwaan yang diajukan penuntut dalam melakukan dakwaan alternatif.
ROLE OF HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA IN PREDICTON OF GANGRENOUS/PERFORATED APPENDICITIS
Authors: Khan Irfan Hussain , Bhargava Arun 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the role of hyperbilirubinemia as a new diagnostic tool for predictor of gangrenous / perforated appendicitis.
Methods: Hospital based prospective study was conducted on 100 patients with perforated/gangrenous appendix
Results: In acute appendicitis case out of 84 cases 26 cases bilirubin level was more than 1mg/dl, in gangrenous appendicitis out of 3 cases all cases bilirubin level was more than 1mg/dl and in perforated appendicitis out of 13 cases 12 cases bilirubin level was more than 1mg/dl
Conclusion: It is concluded from present study that elevated total serum bilirubin without elevation of liver enzymes is a good indicator of appendicular perforation.
Keywords: Perforation, Appendicitis, Bilirubin