bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive oxygenation assessment after acute myocardial infarction with breathing maneuvers‐induced oxygenation‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Shi Ke , Yang Meng‐Xi , Xia Chun‐Chao , Peng Wan‐Lin , Zhang Kun , Li Zhen‐Lin , Guo Ying‐Kun , Yang Zhi‐Gang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe safety profiles when performing stress oxygenation‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (OS‐MRI) have raised concerns in clinical practice. Adenosine infusion can cause side effects such as chest pain, dyspnea, arrhythmia, and even cardiac death. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of breathing maneuvers‐induced OS‐MRI in acute myocardial infarction (MI). This was a prospective study, which included 14 healthy rabbits and nine MI rabbit models. This study used 3 T MRI/modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery sequence for native T1 mapping, balanced steady‐state free precession sequence for OS imaging, and phase‐sensitive inversion recovery sequence for late gadolinium enhancement. The changes in myocardial oxygenation (ΔSI) were assessed under two breathing maneuvers protocols in healthy rabbits: a series of extended breath‐holding (BH), and a combined maneuver of hyperventilation followed by the extended BH (HVBH). Subsequently, OS‐MRI with HVBH in acute MI rabbits was performed, and the ΔSI was compared with that of adenosine stress protocol. Student's t‐test, Wilcoxon rank test, and Friedman test were used to compare ΔSI in different subgroups. Pearson and Spearman correlation was used to obtain the association of ΔSI between breathing maneuvers and adenosine stress. Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the bias of ΔSI between HVBH and adenosine stress. In healthy rabbits, BH maneuvers from 30 to 50 s induced significant increase in SI compared with the baseline (all p < 0.05). By contrast, hyperventilation for 60 s followed by 10 s‐BH (HVBH 10 s) exhibited a comparable ΔSI to that of stress test (p = 0.07). In acute MI rabbits, HVBH 10 s‐induced ΔSIs among infarcted, salvaged, and the remote myocardial area were no less effectiveness than adenosine stress when performing OS‐MRI (r = 0.84; p < 0.05). Combined breathing maneuvers with OS‐MRI have the potential to be used as a nonpharmacological alternative for assessing myocardial oxygenation in patients with acute MI.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
SILAC quantitative proteomics analysis of ivermectin‐related proteomic profiling and molecular network alterations in human ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Li Na , Li Jiajia , Desiderio Dominic M. , Zhan Xianquan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe antiparasitic agent ivermectin offers more promises to treat a diverse range of diseases. However, a comprehensive proteomic analysis of ivermectin‐treated ovarian cancer (OC) cells has not been performed. This study sought to identify ivermectin‐related proteomic profiling and molecular network alterations in human OC cells. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)‐based quantitative proteomics was used to study the human OC TOV‐21G cells. After TOV‐21G cells underwent 10 passages in SILAC‐labeled growth media, TOV‐21G cells were treated with 10 ml of 20 μmol/L ivermectin in cell growing medium for 24 h. The SILAC‐labeled proteins were digested with trypsin; tryptic peptides were identified with mass spectrometry (MS). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was used to mine signaling pathway alterations with ivermectin‐related proteins in TOV‐21G cells. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was used to explore biological functions of ivermectin‐related proteins, including biological processes (BPs), cellular components (CCs), and molecular functions (MFs). The protein‐protein interaction network was analyzed with molecular complex detection (MCODE) to identify hub modules. In total, 4,447 proteins were identified in ivermectin‐treated TOV‐21G cells. KEGG analysis revealed 89 statistically significant signaling pathways. Interestingly, the clustering analysis of these pathways showed that ivermectin was involved in various cancer pathogenesis processes, including modulation of replication, RNA metabolism, and translational machinery. GO analysis revealed 69 statistically significant CCs, 87 MFs, and 62 BPs. Furthermore, MCODE analysis identified five hub modules, including 147 hub molecules. Those hub modules involved ribosomal proteins, RNA‐binding proteins, cell‐cycle progression‐related proteins, proteasome subunits, and minichromosome maintenance proteins. These findings demonstrate that SILAC quantitative proteomics is an effective method to analyze ivermectin‐treated cells, provide the first ivermectin‐related proteomic profiling and molecular network alterations in human OC cells, and provide deeper insights into molecular mechanisms and functions of ivermectin to inhibit OC cells.
Top–down lignomics analysis of the French oak lignin by atmospheric pressure photoionization and electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry: Identification of a novel series of lignans
Authors: Mikhael Abanoub , Fridgen Travis D. , Delmas Michel , Banoub Joseph 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report herein the top–down lignomic analysis of virgin released lignin (VRL) extracted from the French oak wood using atmospheric pressure photoionization quadrupole orthogonal time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (APPI‐QqTOF‐MS) (+ ion mode). Eight major protonated lignin oligomers were identified using the APPI‐QqTOF‐MS/MS of this complex VRL mixture without any kind of purification. This series of protonated oligomer ions were identified as neolignan cedrusin (1), five different aryltetralin lignans dimers (2–6), one lignan‐dehydroshikimic acid complex (7), and a lignan trimer (8). Similarly, electrospray ionization (ESI)‐QqTOF‐MS (+ ion mode) allowed us to identify three extra aryltetralin lignan derivatives (9–11). The Kendrick mass defect analysis was used for the simplification of this complex APPI‐QqTOF‐MS into a compositional map, which displayed clustering points of associated ions possessing analogous elemental composition. This series of novel protonated molecules were selected and subjected to low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID)‐MS/MS analyses. The obtained gas‐phase fragmentation patterns helped to tentatively assign their most likely structures. Also, it was found that the use of different APPI and ESI ambient ionization techniques enhances the ionization of different types of lignin oligomers.
Inhibition of autophagy by 3‐methyladenine restricts murine cytomegalovirus replication
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Zhang Linlin , Bi Yidan , Xi Ting , Zhang Zhan , Huang Yuan , Lu Yuan Yuan , Liu Xinglou , Shu Sainan , Fang Feng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) induced autophagy affects virus replication and survival of the infected cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of autophagy inhibition by 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) on murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) replication and whether it is associated with caspase‐3 dependent apoptosis. The eyecup isolated from adult C57BL/6J mice (6–8 weeks old) and mouse embryo fibroblast cells (MEFs) were infected with MCMV K181 strain, followed by the treatment of 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA), chloroquine, or rapamycin to block or stimulate autophagy. In cultured MEFs, the ratio of LC3I/II was reduced at 24 hours post infection (hpi), but was increased at 48 hpi In the eyecup culture, LC3I/II ratio was also decreased at 4 and 7 days post infection (dpi). In addition, caspase‐3 cleavage was increased at 48 hpi in MEFs and also elevated in MCMV infected eyecups at 4, 7, 10, and 14 dpi. 3‐MA treatment significantly inhibited the virus replication in MEFs and eyecups. The expression of early antigen (EA) of MCMV was also decreased in MEFs and eyecups. Meanwhile, cleaved caspase‐3 dependent cell death was promoted with the presence of 3‐MA in MCMV infected MEFs and eyecups, while RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL pathway was inhibited by 3‐MA in eyecups. Inhibition of autophagy by 3‐MA restricts virus replication and promotes caspase‐3 dependent apoptosis in the eyecup and MEFs with MCMV infection. It can be explained that during the early period of MCMV infection, the suppressed autophagy process directly reduced virus release, but later caspase‐3 dependent apoptosis dominated and resulted in decreased virus replication.
Prognostic roles of KL‐6 in disease severity and lung injury in COVID‐19 patients: A longitudinal retrospective analysis
Authors: Deng Kai , Fan Qinghong , Yang Yanhong , Deng Xizi , He Ruiying , Tan Yizhou , Lan Yun , Deng Xilong , Pan Yuejun , Wang Yaping , Guan Yujuan , Liu Huiyuan , Chen Fengjuan , Mo Xiaoneng , Tan Xinghua , Luo Chun , Wen Xueliang , Liu Ying , Liu Jinxin , Zhang Lieguang , Tang Xiaoping , Hu Fengyu , Li Feng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo investigate the dynamic changes of Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (KL‐6) among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and the role of KL‐6 as a noninvasive biomarker for predicting long‐term lung injury, the clinical information and laboratory tests of 166 COVID‐19 patients were collected, and a correlation analysis between KL‐6 and other parameters was conducted. There were 17 (10.2%, 17/166) severe/critical and 149 (89.8%, 149/166) mild COVID‐19 patients in our cohort. Serum KL‐6 was significantly higher in severe/critical COVID‐19 patients than in mild patients (median 898.0 vs. 451.2 U/ml, p < .001). KL‐6 was next confirmed to be a sensitive and specific biomarker for distinguishing mild and severe/critical patients and correlate to computed tomography lung lesions areas. Serum KL‐6 concentration during the follow‐up period (>100 days postonset) was well correlated to those concentrations within 10 days postonset (Pearson r = .867, p < .001), indicating the prognostic value of KL‐6 levels in predicting lung injury after discharge. Finally, elevated KL‐6 was found to be significantly correlated to coagulation disorders, and T cells subsets dysfunctions. In summary, serum KL‐6 is a biomarker for assessing COVID‐19 severity and predicting the prognosis of lung injury of discharged patients.
The nucleotide usages significantly impact synonymous codon usage inMycoplasma hyorhinis
Authors: Wu Yaqin , Jin Li , Li Yicong , Zhang Derong , Zhao Yongqing , Chu Yuefeng , Ma Zhong‐ren , Ma Xiao‐xia , Shang Youjun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFive annotated genomes ofMycoplasma hyorhiniswere analyzed for clarifying evolutionary dynamics driving the overall codon usage pattern. Information entropy used for estimating nucleotide usage pattern at the gene level indicates that multiple evolutionary dynamics participate in forcing nucleotide usage bias at every codon position. Moreover, nucleotide usage bias directly contributes to synonymous codon usage biases with two different extremes. The overrepresented codons tended to have A/T in the third codon position, and the underrepresented codons strongly used G/C in the third position. Furthermore, correspondence analysis and neutrality plot reflect an obvious interplay between mutation pressure and natural selection mediating codon usage inM. hyorhinisgenome. Due to significant bias in usages between A/T and G/C at the gene level, different selective forces have been proposed to contribute to codon usage preference inM. hyorhinisgenome, including nucleotide composition constraint derived from mutation pressure, translational selection involved in natural selection, and strand‐specific mutational bias represented by different nucleotide skew index. The systemic analyses of codon usage forM. hyorhiniscan enable us to better understand the mechanisms of evolution in this species.
Sugarcane/peanut intercropping system improves the soil quality and increases the abundance of beneficial microbes
Authors: Tang Xiumei , Jiang Jing , Huang Zhipeng , Wu Haining , Wang Jin , He Liangqiong , Xiong Faqian , Zhong Ruichun , Liu Jing , Han Zhuqiang , Tang Ronghua , He Longfei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSugarcane/peanut intercropping is a highly efficient planting pattern in South China. However, the effects of sugarcane/peanut intercropping on soil quality need to be clarified. This study characterized the soil microbial community and the soil quality in sugarcane/peanut intercropping systems by the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results showed that the intercropping sugarcane (IS) system significantly increased the total N (TN), available N (AN), available P (AP), pH value, and acid phosphatase activity (ACP), but it had little effect on the total P (TP), total K (TK), available K (AK), organic matter (OM), urease activity, protease activity, catalase activity, and sucrase activity, compared with those in monocropping sugarcane (MS) and monocropping peanut (MP) systems. Both intercropping peanut (IP) and IS soils contained more bacteria and fungi than soils in the MP and MS fields, and the microbes identified were mainly Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria, respectively. Intercropping significantly increased the number of unique microbes in IS soils (68 genera), compared with the numbers in the IP (14), MS (17), and MP (16) systems. The redundancy analysis revealed that the abundances of culturable Acidobacteriaceae subgroup 1, nonculturable DA111, and culturable Acidobacteria were positively correlated with the measured soil quality in the intercropping system. Furthermore, the sugarcane/peanut intercropping significantly increased the economic benefit by 87.84% and 36.38%, as compared with that of the MP and MS, respectively. These results suggest that peanut and sugarcane intercropping increases the available N and P content by increasing the abundance of rhizospheric microbes, especially Acidobacteriaceae subgroup 1, DA111, and Acidobacteria.
Clothing resistance and potential evapotranspiration as thermal climate indicators—The example of the Carpathian region
Authors: Ács Ferenc , Zsákai Annamária , Kristóf Erzsébet , Szabó Amanda Imola , Feddema Johannes , Breuer Hajnalka 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClothing resistance parameter rcl and potential evapotranspiration (PET), a major component of Thornthwaite type climate classifications, are used as thermal climate indicators for characterizing the thermal climate of the Carpathian region. rcl is simulated by a model based on clothed human body energy balance considerations. rcl refers to a walking human in outdoor conditions, whose somatotype can differ. Somatotype shapes are determined by applying the Heath–Carter somatotype method. PET is estimated using only air temperature and latitude as inputs. In addition rcl is linked to PET. The annual mean of rcl is statistically interconnected with annual sum of PET, and the annual fluctuation of rcl (drcl = rclmax − rclmin) with the annual fluctuation of PET (dPET = PETmax − PETmin). The Carpathian region's thermal climate is analysed by comparing PET results with rcl model results and rcl results obtained by statistical link. We showed that rcl model results are strongly sensitive to human body somatotype variations. It is also shown that the spatial heterogeneity of thermal climates is the lowest in the lowlands and the highest in the mountains. The spatial heterogeneity of rcl and drcl values obtained by statistical link is comparable to the spatial heterogeneity of PET, but is lower than that obtained from the rcl model. Similarly to rcl model results, rcl results obtained by statistical link are also sensitive to human body somatotype variations. All these results suggest that statistical connections between rcl and PET and drcl and dPET can be used as subunits in Thornthwaite type climate classifications to obtain human thermal climate information. Lastly, areas with the largest thermal contrast are reproduced in terms of both the annual sum of PET and the rcl, which is obtained by both the model and the statistical link.
Convective rain cell characteristics and scaling in climate projections for Germany
Authors: Purr Christopher , Brisson Erwan , Ahrens Bodo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExtreme convective precipitation is expected to increase with global warming. However, the rate of increase and the understanding of contributing processes remain highly uncertain. We investigated characteristics of convective rain cells like area, intensity, and lifetime as simulated by a convection‐permitting climate model in the area of Germany under historical (1976–2005) and future (end‐of‐century, RCP8.5 scenario) conditions. To this end, a tracking algorithm was applied to 5‐min precipitation output. While the number of convective cells is virtually similar under historical and future conditions, there are more intense and larger cells in the future. This yields an increase in hourly precipitation extremes, although mean precipitation decreases. The relative change in the frequency distributions of area, intensity, and precipitation sum per cell is highest for the most extreme percentiles, suggesting that extreme events intensify the most. Furthermore, we investigated the temperature and moisture scaling of cell characteristics. The temperature scaling drops off at high temperatures, with a shift in drop‐off towards higher temperatures in the future, allowing for higher peak values. In contrast, dew point temperature scaling shows consistent rates across the whole dew point range. Cell characteristics scale at varying rates, either below (mean intensity), at about (maximum intensity and area), or above (precipitation sum) the Clausius–Clapeyron rate. Thus, the widely investigated extreme precipitation scaling at fixed locations is a complex product of the scaling of different cell characteristics. The dew point scaling rates and absolute values of the scaling curves in historical and future conditions are closest for the highest percentiles. Therefore, near‐surface humidity provides a good predictor for the upper limit of for example, maximum intensity and total precipitation of individual convective cells. However, the frequency distribution of the number of cells depending on dew point temperature changes in the future, preventing statistical inference of extreme precipitation from near‐surface humidity.
Term Infants Fed Exclusively With Donor Milk May Require Vitamin C Supplementation
Authors: Castro Marina , Pitino Michael A. , Bando Nicole , Aufreiter Susanne , Stone Debbie , O'Connor Deborah L. , Unger Sharon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhen there is insufficient mother's milk for preterm infants, fortified human donor milk (DM) is the preferred supplement. Recently, there is growing interest in providing DM to term infants. Aside from vitamin D, mother's milk is a complete source of nutrition for term infants. It is unknown whether supplementation of micronutrients is required for term infants exclusively fed DM, particularly for nutrients affected by heat processing, such as vitamin C. The objective of this study was to determine the total vitamin C content in DM and whether it would be adequate for an infant exclusively fed DM.MethodsDM samples (n = 56) were collected at a Canadian milk bank from April to August 2018. Vitamin C concentration was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsDM samples had a vitamin C concentration of 17.7 ± 9.8 mg/L (mean ± SD) and were variable, ranging from 1.9 to 43.2 mg/L. Using these values and assuming an exclusive DM consumption of 780 mL/day, the estimated vitamin C intake would be 13.8 ± 8.6 mg (mean ± SD), falling below the adequate intake of 40 mg/day for infants (0–6 months old).ConclusionVitamin C supplementation is required for all infants if DM is the sole source of nutrition. Future studies should investigate other heat‐ and light‐sensitive nutrients.
Quantifying nitrogen loss and water use via regionalization and multiple‐year scenario simulations in the North China Plain
Authors: Michalczyk Anna , Kersebaum Kurt Christian , Dauck Hans-Peter , Roelcke Marco , Yue Shan-Chao , Chen Xin-Ping , Zhang Fu-Suo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Intensive winter wheat–summer maize (Triticum aestivum L.–Zea mays L.) double‐cropping systems in the North China Plain often show high nitrogen (N) losses and water use causing harmful threats to the environment.
Methods: Continuous multiple‐year simulations (31 years) with the HERMES model were used to spatially quantify N and water losses at county scale in order to identify best‐practice management applications.
Results: Results show simulated annual long‐term N losses for the investigated Quzhou County, Hebei Province of 297 kg N ha−1 under common farmers practice treatment (FP) and 102 kg N ha−1 under optimized treatment including model derived N fertilizer recommendation and automated irrigation (OPTai). Total losses by N leaching, volatilization and denitrification were 57% (FP) and 40% (OPTai) of the applied fertilizer N, respectively. Spatial differences in N losses were found due to survey‐specific differences of average N inputs among the townships. More than 260 kg N ha−1 y−1 of fertilizer input, N losses of 190 kg N ha−1 y−1, and around 116 mm y−1 of irrigation water could be saved on average by optimized treatments compared to farmers practice.
Conclusion: On clay loam soil only OPTai could maintain crop yield without drought stress. The optimized treatments had the lowest N inputs and N losses but they did not seem to be able to sustain the organic N pools.
Hyper‐Raman spectroscopy of alcohols excited at 532 nm: Methanol, ethanol, 1‐propanol, and 2‐propanol
Authors: Okuno Masanari 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHyper‐Raman (HR) measurements of four simple alcohols have been demonstrated. High‐quality HR spectra with high signal to noise ratios allow us to discuss spectral features in detail. Measured HR spectra are compared with IR and Raman spectra. High similarities between HR and IR spectra are found both in the fingerprint and the CH stretching regions. Meanwhile, HR and IR spectra show differences in spectral features including relative intensities of the OH stretch to the CH stretches. Besides, the frequencies of the hydrogen‐bonded OH stretching mode in HR spectra locate around 3,360 cm−1, higher than those observed in IR spectra. These differences reflect the difference in the selection rules of spectroscopic methods.