bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mothers’ knowledge and experience concerning presurgical orthopedic management for infants with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Abid Mushriq , Al-Groosh Dheaa , Dziedzic Arkadiusz , Abed Hassan 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES:
The present study aimed to assess the level of mothers’ knowledge toward cleft lip and palate and their experience concerning presurgical orthopedic management.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional study where the mothers were invited to complete a self-administered validated and reliable questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions that aimed to assess mother's knowledge related to the most prevalent aspects of cleft lip and palate anomaly itself and additionally, questions associated with presurgical orthopedic treatment as an adjunct therapy. Descriptive statistics were used to define the characteristics of the study variables. Chi-square test was utilized to assess relationships between categorical variables.

RESULTS:
Totally, 145 mothers completed the survey (response rate was 73%). Forty-six (46%) of the mothers provided an incomplete or improper definition of the anomaly and 35 (24%) claimed that they know the cause of the anomaly. The majority of mothers did not identify family history as a risk factor; consanguinity was identified in 29% (n = 42). Of the total, 58 mothers (40%) agreed that dental management of CLP requires teamwork and the majority (n = 126, 87%) recognized the plastic surgeon as the most important specialist. Mothers aged 20-30 years old (n = 42, 53%), and those who are university graduates (n = 38, 48%), as well as employed mothers (n = 52, 66%) have in general a higher degree of knowledge regarding cleft lip and palate (P < 0.001). More than half of the mothers (n = 70, 57%) reported that presurgical orthopedic treatment was useful and needed for their infants.

CONCLUSIONS:
Most of the mothers reported a high level of knowledge about cleft lip and palate and they experienced the usefulness of the orthopedic appliances for their infants. However, there was uncertainty in some parts such as definition, diagnosis, causes, and risk factors for cleft lip and palate. Therefore, understanding the causes of cleft lip and palate, as well as comprehensive education concerning the essential role of the orthopedic appliances to improve cleft lip and palate are crucial for mothers to improve their infants’ quality of life.
Effect of different bleaching treatment protocols on shear bond strength of bonded orthodontic brackets with no-primer adhesive resin
Authors: Sadeghian Saeid , Garavand Shirin , Davoudi Amin 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUNDS:
Bleaching procedure can be companied before, during, or after orthodontic treatments. However, the risk of compromised bond strength of brackets to bleached enamels is in debate. This study tried to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of bonded metal brackets to the previously bleached enamels.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this in vitro study, 60 extracted, sound, human premolars were mounted vertically in cylindrical molds. The samples were randomly divided into four groups (n = 15): Control (C); at-home bleached by 20% carbamide peroxide (HB); in-office bleached by 45% carbamide peroxide (OB); and in-office bleached by 40% hydrogen peroxide activated with diode laser (L-OB). Sixty stainless steel brackets were bonded by no-primer adhesive resin (OrthoCem). Then SBS of bonded brackets was measured after 5000 thermal cycles at 5°C and 55°C. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD tests by using SPPS software at a significant level of 0.05 (α = 0.05).

RESULTS:
Group C showed significantly higher SBS values (all P < 0.001); however, there were no significant differences in SBS compared to other tests' groups with each other (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
The SBS of bonded orthodontic brackets were compromised after bleaching with 20% and 40% of carbamide peroxide. Diode laser activation may not eliminate the negative effect of bleaching agents on SBS of bonded orthodontic brackets, neither.
Effect of preeclampsia and premature rupture of membrane on neonatal birth weight and length by gestational age
Authors: Nawsherwan  , Khan Abbas , Mubarik Sumaira , Nabi Ghulam , Fan Cuifang , Wang Suqing 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Preeclampsia (PE) and premature rupture of membrane (PROM) are considered significant risk factors for lower neonatal birth weight and birth length. However, very limited studies have reported the impact of PE and PROM on neonatal birth weight and birth length by gestational week. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of PE and PROM on neonatal birth weight and length by gestational age.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 9707 singleton neonates were selected for this study. All the data were collected and documented in the obstetric register by the trained nurses in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department.

Results:
The neonatal mean birth weights and birth lengths were statistically significantly (P < 0.05) lowered among preeclamptic mothers compared to mothers without PE throughout the gestational age. Statistically significantly (P < 0.05) lowered mean birth weights and birth lengths were found among neonates born to mothers with PROM than among neonates born to mothers without PROM by all gestational weeks except for 32 weeks and 36 weeks. Moreover, in a multiple linear regression model, PE and PROM were significantly negatively associated with neonatal birth weights and birth lengths by almost all gestational weeks (β <0, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
We concluded that after adjustment for covariates and confounding factors, PE and PROM had a significantly negative association with neonatal birth weights and birth lengths by all gestational weeks.
Assessment of pain between sedated and unsedated colonoscopy
Authors: Shavakhi Ahmad , Khodadoostan Mahsa , Shariaat Nabavi Seid Javad , Sadeghian Sina , Gholamrezaei Ali , Shavakhi Alireza 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Colonoscopy plays a vital role for the diagnosis and treatment of colonic diseases but can be associated with anxiety and discomfort or pain. We tested whether unsedated colonoscopy impacts quality indicators and investigated predictors of pain during colonoscopy.

Materials and Methods:
This randomized controlled trial was performed on candidates for elective colonoscopy at AL Zahra Hospital, Isfahan at 2018–2019. Balanced block randomization was used to allocate 275 cases into two groups. At finally, 124 patients in case and 122 patients in control group enrolled in analysis. Patients in the sedation group received midazolam with/out pethidine before colonoscopy. Pain intensity in rectal examination (PIREX), preprocedural anxiety, pain intensity during colonoscopy, hemodynamics, duration of colonoscopy, polyp detection rate, cecal intubation rate, bloating within 24 h after colonoscopy, and willingness to repeat colonoscopy were assessed and compared between two groups.

Results:
Compared to the group with sedation, cecal intubation time was shorter and bloating was less frequent (7% vs. 16%, P = 0.02) in the unsedated group. There was no difference between the two groups regarding polyp detection rate, cecal detection rate, and willingness to repeat colonoscopy. Pain during rectal examination was significantly associated with pain during colonoscopy (P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval; 0.5–1.3).

Conclusion:
The assessment of pain intensity during rectal examination may help to identify patients who can benefit from sedation during colonoscopy. Colonoscopy with sedation does not seem to have a negative impact on colonoscopy quality indicators, and may even reduce cecal intubation time and bloating following procedure.
Clinical manifestation, laboratory and radiology finding, treatment and outcomes of COVID-19
Authors: Nayeri Nahid Dehghan , Nadali Javad , Divani Anahita , Basirinezhad Mohammad Hasan , Meidani Mohsen 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Since December 2019, coronavirus (COVID-19) spread throughout the world. The high rate of infection and its unknown nature led specialists to report the condition of patients. The aim of this study is to systematically review of symptoms, laboratory and radiologic findings, treatment, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched. Finally, 46 articles were appropriate for the aim of the study. After quality evaluation, the necessary data were extracted and meta-analysis was performed.

Results:
4858 articles were retrieved until March 30, 2020. After screening, the full-text of 46 articles was assessed. Of the reported cases, 31.7% had no comorbidities, 21.4% had high blood pressure, 70.6% had fever, and lymphopenia was reported in 55.2% of patients. For 16% bilateral patchy shadowing in radiography and for 51% ground-glass opacity was reported. Outcomes were remarkable for recover to death.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 leads to healthcare problems for countries. Nonspecific symptoms have made it difficult for differential diagnoses without computed tomography-scan or corona Test, but they are not available in many countries. Therefore, this systematic review can help health care staff to make decisions based on symptoms, treatments, and outcomes..
Hepato-toxicological and lipid profile of male Wistar rats following chronic carbamazepine, gabapentin, and carbamazepine-gabapentin adjunctive treatment
Authors: Osuntokun O.S. , Oladokun O.O. , Adedokun K.I. , Atere T.G. , Olayiwola G. , Ayoka A.O. 
Published: July 2021

Aim: This study evaluated the hepatotoxicity and lipid profiles of male Wistar rats following chronic carbamazepine (CBZ), gabapentin (GBP) and carbamazepine-gabapentin (CBZ+GBP) adjunctive treatment.
Methods: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups (n = 7) to receive daily oral administration of normal saline (0.2ml), or CBZ (25 mg/kg), or GBP (50 mg/kg), or the sub-therapeutic dose of CBZ (12.5 mg/kg) and GBP (25 mg/kg) combination for 56 days. Thereafter, blood and liver homogenate were subjected to biochemical analysis, while liver tissues were processed for the histomorphological investigation. Data were analysed statistically, while p< 0.05 was taken as level of significance.
Results: Activities of alanine phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase significantly increased in the CBZ and CBZ + GBP treated rat. CBZ and CBZ + GBP treatments increased the plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol. The liver concentration of malondialdehyde increased significantly in all the treated groups relative to control. There were severe vascular congestions in theliver of the CBZ treated rats, this was moderate in the GBP and CBZ + GBP treated rats.
Conclusion: Chronic use of CBZ may induce hepatotoxicity and lipid profile derangement, GBP and CBZ + GBP adjunctive treatment may be saver than treatment with CBZ.
The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and associated factors among Nigerians newly posted for National Youth Service Corps programme in North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Amoko A. , Ayodapo A.O. , Dele T.O. , Abitare H. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: This study was done to determine the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and assess the associated factors among new members of national youth service corps (NYSC) programme in North-Western Nigeria.Method: A clinic-based descriptive cross-sectional study with convenient sampling method using selfadministered questionnaires was done among 157, 2018 Batch-C, corps members at Dakingari orientation camp in Kebbi State, over a period of three weeks. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was determined using anxiety subset of Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Data were analyzed with SPSS-16 andChi-square was used to assess the degree of association between anxiety symptoms and certain factors. Pvalue of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 50.0% among the respondents. There was a significant association between the presence of anxiety symptoms and age of the respondents (P-value= 0.006).Conclusion: The high prevalence of anxiety symptoms among the new NYSC members suggests the need to take preventive measures such as incorporation of subjects on what should be expected during service year into the undergraduate learning curriculum. Doctors attending to youth corps members, especially when on camp, should routinely screen them for anxiety symptoms.
Yeast sludge and its components ameliorate ochratoxin Ainduced toxicity in broiler chicks
Authors: Mujahid Huma , Hashmi Abu Saeed , Khan Muhammad Zargham , Tayyab Muhammad , Shehzad Wasim 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of yeast sludge (YS) and its components against ochratoxin A (OTA) in broiler chicks.
Methods: Ochratoxin A (OTA) was produced through solid state fermentation, and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 1250 one-day old broiler chicks of Arbreaker breed were randomly assigned to five diet groups (A - E) replicated five times in such a way that each replicate had 50 chicks. The five diet groups were: A (normal poultry feed), B (200 µg/kg OTA), C (200 µg/kg OTA plus 2 g/kg YS), D (200 µg/kg OTA plus 2 g/kg yeast sludge cell mass, YSCM), and E (200 µg/kg OTA plus 2 g/kg yeast sludge cell wall (YSCW). The study lasted 35 days. Indices of liver and kidney functions were determined, as well as histopathological examination of samples of kidney, liver and bursa of Fabricius.
Results: Supplementation of chicks diet with OTA at a dose of 200 ppb significantly reduced serum levels of total protein (TP), albumin, and creatinine, but significantly raised the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p < 0.05). However, inclusion of YS, YSCM, and YSCW in OTA-contaminated diet significantly reversed the effect of OTA on the indices of liver and kidney functions (p < 0.05). Yeast sludge and its components also significantly ameliorated OTA-induced histological changes in the liver, kidney and bursa of Fabricius.
Conclusion: These results indicate that YS and it components improve hepatorenal function and histological changes induced by OTA.
Simultaneous determination of four active pharmaceuticals in tablet dosage form by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Bachute Madhusudan T. , Shanbhag Sunil V. , Turwale Shankar L. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To develop a single, low-cost and rapid analytical method for the simultaneous determination of four active components - chlorpheniramine maleate, paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride and caffeine – in a tablet dosage form.
Method: This method was based on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) and involved the use of a C-18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm), a mobile phase consisting of buffer solution and methanol at a flow rate of 1.00 mL/min, and gradient determination with UV detection at 220 nm.
Results: Retention time was 4.33, 10.36, 13.85, and 17.35 min for phenylephrine hydrochloride, paracetamol, caffeine, and chlorpheniramine maleate, respectively. Specificity data showed no interference from the excipients, and accuracy of the method was close to 100 %. The method was validated as per the guidelines of International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH), and all the results met the acceptance criteria for accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, limit of quantitation, limit of detection, and robustness.
Conclusion: This method can successfully perform quantitative assessment of phenylephrine HCl, chlorpheniramine maleate, paracetamol, and caffeine in tablet combination dosage forms faster and more cost-effectively than conventional methods.
Effect of early exogenous supplementation of rhIGF-1 on oxygen-induced retinopathy in a mice model of prematurity, and on expressions of IGF-1 and VEGF
Authors: Wu Xiangjun , Ye Hui , Cai Qiao , Cai Qiao , Ke Yuanxiang , Wang Danying 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of early exogenous supplementation of recombinant human insulinlike growth factor (rhIGF-1) on oxygen-induced mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
Methods: Three groups of healthy SPF grade C57BL/6 mice were used in this study, with 20 mice in each group. Hyperoxia saline (HS) and hyperoxia rhIGF-1 (HrGF) groups were placed in a closed oxygen chamber for one week and returned to the normal environment on the 15th day. The hyperoxia rhIGF-1 (HrGF) group was intraperitoneally injected with rhIGF-1 (1.5 mg/kg), while mice in high-oxygen saline (HS) group received normal saline. The air group (AG) was untreated. Changes in retinal blood vessel distributions, expression levels of serum IGF-1 and VEGF, and retinal IGF-1 and VEGF were determined.
Results: On day 20, pronounced neo-vascularization was observed, but the distribution was disordered. Serum IGF-1 levels in AG and HrGF were significantly higher than that in HS group, but VEGF level was lower in HS mice (p < 0.05). VEGF level in hyperoxia rhIGF-1 group on days 11 and 15 decreased, relative to control value, while retinal IGF-1 and VEGF in AG and hyperoxia rhIGF-1 mice were elevated, relative to corresponding values in HS mice (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Early exogenous supplementation of rhIGF-1 exerts a therapeutic effect on ROP. Thus, rhIGF-1 may be a potential drug regimen for ROP in clinics.
Anti-hyperglycemic effect of Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd (Fabaceae) seed extract and its effect on lipid profile, and hepatic and renal biomarkers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Kartal Derya , Özok Necati 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd (Fabaceae) lyophilized extract on various biomarkers of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: Adult male rats (36) were divided into 6 groups, viz, normal control (NC), diabetes control (DC), and treatment groups. Experimental diabetes was induced with streptozotocin. Blood samples were taken from the tail veins daily for 25 days. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels of rats were determined. The rats were sacrificed and blood, kidney and liver were taken for biochemical analysis.
Results: Blood glucose decreased in DC groups compared to NC group (p ≤ 0.05). In diabetic extract groups, glycated Hb decreased compared to DC group (p ≤ 0.05). Alpha glucosidase activity was reduced in all treatment groups compared to DC group (p ≤ 0.05). Only triglyceride levels of diabetes extract (400 mg/mL) group decreased compared to DC (p ≤ 0.05). Total cholesterol levels fell compared to NC and DC groups (p ≤ 0.05). Low density lipoprotein was lower compared to NC (p ≤ 0.05), while aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels rose in diabetic extract groups compared to NC, but fell in some diabetic extract groups compared to DC group (p ≤ 0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase decreased in all diabetic extract groups compared to NC and DC (p ≤ 0.05). Serum urea and creatinine levels were higher in diabetic extract groups compared to NC, but decreased in DC group (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that Vicia ervilia lyophilized extract haas positive effects on blood glucose and biochemical parameters in diabetic rats compared to DC of V. ervilia seed extract.
Effect of bazedoxifene on expressions of VEGF, VEGFR2, COX-2 and inflammatory factors in a rat endometriosis model
Authors: Hou Rui , Xu Hao , Li Hui 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To study the effect of bazedoxifene on the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (sVEGFR2), cyclooxygenase synthase 2 (COX-2) and inflammatory factors in a rat endometriosis (EMS) model.
Methods: Thirty rats (EMS) were divided into untreated control group, bazedoxifene group and celecoxib group (10 rats per group). Bazedoxifene and celecoxib were administered at doses of 3 and 25 mg/kg, respectively. Negative control rats served as control, and were given 0.9 % sodium chloride at a dose of 10 mL/kg. All treatments were given intragastrically for 21 days. Levels of VEGF, sVEGFR2 and COX-2 in uterine ectopic endometrium were assayed.
Results: The levels of VEGF and sVEGFR2 in the serum and peritoneal fluid of the untreated control group were significantly higher than the corresponding control values, while VEGF and sVEGFR2 levels in the serum and peritoneal fluid of the bazedoxifene group were significantly lower than those in the untreated control group (p < 0.05). Bazedoxifene group had lower VEGFR2 and COX-2 levels than untreated control group (p < 0.05). Expression of COX-2 protein in the ectopic endometrium of celecoxib group was significantly lower than that in the untreated control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Bazedoxifene alleviates angiogenesis and inflammatory factors in serum and peritoneal fluid of EMS rats, inhibits the expression of sVEGFR2 and COX-2 in ectopic endometrium, and also inhibits the growth of ectopic endometrium. This finding may help to discover additional new drugs.
Curcumin exhibits therapeutic effect against spinal cord injury via inhibition of neuronal inflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Xiao Wei , Chen Xuewu , Wang Yijun , Chang Jianzhong , Zhao Zufa , Pan Guangjie 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of curcumin on spinal cord injury (SCI) in a rat model.
Methods: SCI was induced in the rats using mid thoracic spinal cord compression, after which curcumin was injected intraperitoneally. Western blotting was used for assay of expressions of apoptotic proteins, viz, IL-1β, NF-κB p65, TLR4, TNF-α, LC3, Bax and Bcl-2. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase were measured using standard methods. Neuronal loss in spinal cord tissues was determined with TUNEL staining and NeuN labelling.
Results: Curcumin treatment significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed SCI-mediated upregulation of myeloperoxidase activity and increase in MDA level in rat spinal cord. The reduction of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the spinal cord of SCI rats were suppressed by curcumin treatment. Curcumin treatment also led to a significant (p < 0.02) increase in the proportion of NeuN positive cells and marked reduction in TUNEL positive cells, but it decreased caspase-3 in the spinal cord tissues of SCI rats. Moreover, curcumin reversed the effect of SCI on protein expressions of Bax and Bcl 2 in a dose-based manner. There was marked curcumin-induced decline in CD11b and GFAP levels in the spinal cord tissues of the SCI rats.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that curcumin protects rats against SCI via inhibition of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, curcumin may be useful for the development of an effective treatment for spinal cord injury.