bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indigenous social exclusion to inclusion: Case studies on Indigenous nursing leadership in four high income countries
Authors: Brockie Teresa , Clark Terryann C. , Best Odette , Power Tamara , Bourque Bearskin Lisa , Kurtz Donna L.M. , Lowe John , Wilson Denise 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis discursive paper provides a call to action from an international collective of Indigenous nurse academics from Australia, Canada, Aotearoa New Zealand and the USA, for nurses to be allies in supporting policies and resources necessary to equitably promote Indigenous health outcomes.BackgroundIndigenous Peoples with experiences of colonisation have poorer health compared to other groups, as health systems have failed to address their needs and preferences. Achieving health equity will require leadership from Indigenous nurses to develop and implement new systems of care delivery. However, little is known about how Indigenous nurses influence health systems as levers for change.DesignA Kaupapa Māori case study design.MethodsUsing a Kaupapa Māori case study methodology, coupled with expert Indigenous nursing knowledge, we developed a consensus on key themes. Themes were derived from three questions posed across the four countries. Themes were collated to illustrate how Indigenous nurses have provided nursing leadership to redress colonial injustices, contribute to models of care and enhance the Indigenous workforce.ResultsThese case studies highlight Indigenous nurses provide strong leadership to influence outcomes for Indigenous Peoples. Five strategies were noted across the four countries: (1) Indigenous nationhood and reconciliation as levers for change, (2) Indigenous nursing leadership, (3) Indigenous workforce strategies, (4) Development of culturally safe practice and Indigenous models of care and (5) Indigenous nurse activism.ConclusionsIn light of 2020 declared International Year of the Nurse and Midwife, we assert Indigenous nurses’ work must be visible to support development of strategic approaches for improving health outcomes, including resources for workforce expansion and for implementing new care models.Relevance to clinical practiceCurating strategies to promote Indigenous nurse leaders around the world is essential for improving models of healthcare delivery and health outcomes for Indigenous Peoples.
Assessing the concordance and accuracy between hospital discharge data, electronic health records, and register books for diagnosis of inpatient admissions of miscarriage: A retrospective linked data study
Authors: San Lazaro Campillo Indra , Meaney Sarah , Harrington Maria , McNamara Karen , Verling Anna Maria , Corcoran Paul , O'Donoghue Keelin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the high prevalence of miscarriage, there are few studies which assess the concordance of a diagnosis of miscarriage in routinely collected health databases.ObjectivesTo determine agreement and accuracy for the diagnosis of miscarriage between electronic health records (EHR), the Hospital Inpatient‐Enquiry (HIPE) system, and hospital register books in Ireland.MethodsThis is a retrospective study comparing agreement of diagnosis of miscarriage between three hospital data sources from January to June 2017. All inpatient admissions for miscarriage were reviewed from a single, tertiary maternity hospital in Ireland. Kappa, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were calculated.ResultsIn this retrospective concordance study, EHR records confirmed 96.2% diagnosis of miscarriage of HIPE records, and 95.1% of register books records. A total of 95 records were not recorded in the register books but were recorded in HIPE and EHR. This study found a considerable variability when comparing definitions of type of miscarriage (i.e., missed miscarriage, incomplete, and complete) between the three data sources.ConclusionAlthough this study found a high concordance in inpatient admissions for miscarriage between EHR, HIPE, and register books, a considerable discrepancy was found when classifying miscarriage between the three data sources.
Communication and coordination across event phases: A multi‐team system emergency response
Authors: Brown Olivia , Power Nicola , Conchie Stacey M. 
Published: May 2021

This paper explores how multi‐agency response teams communicate and coordinate in different phases of a simulated terrorist incident. Procedural guidelines state that responders should coordinate their response to a major emergency across two phases: ‘response’ (when the incident is ongoing) and ‘recovery’ (when the threat has subsided, but the legacy of the incident is ongoing). However, no research has examined whether these phases map to the behaviours of responders in situ. To address this, we used measures of communication and coordination to examine how behaviours evolved during a simulated terrorist incident in the United Kingdom. We grounded our approach within the theoretical literature on multi‐team systems. It was found that the current response/recovery classification does not fit the nuanced context of an emergency. Instead, a three‐phase structure of ‘response/resolve/recovery’ is more reflective of behaviour. It was also found that coordination between agencies improved when communication networks became less centralized. This suggests that collaborative working in multi‐team systems may be improved by adopting decentralized communication networks.Practitioner pointsTo better prepare responders for emergencies, we recommend a three‐phase structure of ‘response/resolve/recovery’ is introduced in place of the current guidelines that outline a two‐phase structure of response and recovery.A three‐phase structure more accurately describes the behaviours of responders during emergencies and accounts for the shift in urgency between an ongoing incident (response) and shortly afterwards when the immediate threat has subsided (resolve).Given the cognitive load on focal agencies, decentralized communication structures should be introduced in the early phases of an emergency to increase collaborative decision‐making across inter‐agency partners.
Temporal and geographic spreading of hepatitis B virus genotype A (HBV‐A) in Brazil and the Americas
Authors: Wolf Jonas Michel , Pereira Vagner Reinaldo Zingalli Bueno , Simon Daniel , Lunge Vagner Ricardo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHepatitis B virus genotype A (HBV‐A) is disseminated in different countries around the world. It presents a high genetic diversity and is classified into seven subgenotypes (A1–A7). HBV‐A1 and HBV‐A2 are the most frequent and spread in almost all American countries. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of these two subgenotypes, with a special focus on the temporal and geographic spreading in the Americas and Brazil. Bayesian coalescent analyses with HBV‐A1 and HBV‐A2 whole‐genome sequences were performed to study viral phylodynamic and phylogeography. HBV‐A1 evolutionary history demonstrated that it was initially disseminated from Africa to other continents probably after the 1400s and mainly in the 17th–18th centuries. The whole viral population grew between the 1700s–1900s and then reached a stationary phase. In Brazil, HBV‐A1 common ancestors dated back to the 1600s with successive introductions between the 17th–18th centuries. In contrast, HBV‐A2 spread from Europe to other continents after the 1800s, with an increase in the viral population over decades. It was introduced in the 20th century in America and between the 1950s–1970s in Brazil, presenting a high increase in the viral population from the 1970s to the 1980s. The circulation continents for HBV‐A1 are Africa and America, while for HBV‐A2 are Europe and America. HBV‐A is one of the predominant genotypes in America (including Brazil) because of the early introduction by human migration processes of the subgenotypes A1 and A2 between the 16th and 20th centuries and the continuous spreading inside the continent over time.
Nicoletella semolinain the airways of healthy horses and horses with severe asthma
Authors: Payette Flavie , Charlebois Audrey , Fairbrother Julie‐Hélène , Beauchamp Guy , Leclere Mathilde 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundNicoletella semolinawas identified in the airways of horses and its low prevalence could be because of its difficult differentiation from otherPasteurellaceae.ObjectivesTo develop a molecular method for the identification ofN. semolinaand to evaluate its prevalence in the mouth and the airways of healthy and severe asthmatic horses.AnimalsSix healthy and 6 severely asthmatic horses in phase I, 10 severely asthmatic horses in phase II, and 10 healthy horses in phase III.MethodsCohort (phases I and II) and cross‐sectional (phase III) studies. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction primers targeting thesodAgene were optimized.N. semolinawas quantified in oral and nasal washes and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF; phase I, sampled twice), in nasal washes and BALF (phase II, sampled twice), and in nasal washes (phase III).ResultsN. semolinawas found in the nose of 5, 10, and 9 horses in phases I, II, and III, respectively (first sampling for phases I and II). Six BALF from 5 different horses were positive forN. semolinain phase II. In phase I, there was no significant difference in the nasal loads of healthy horses (median (range): 2.04 × 104copies/mL (0‐2.44 × 105)) and asthmatic horses in exacerbation (3.75 × 102(0‐4.84 × 106); Wilcoxon's rank sum test,P = .57).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceN. semolinais commonly found in the airways of horses. The potential pathogenicity ofN. semolinaremains to be elucidated, but the molecular technique we developed will facilitate future studies.
Nurturing care indicators for the Brazilian Early Childhood Friendly Municipal Index (IMAPI)
Authors: Buccini Gabriela , Pedroso Jéssica , Coelho Stefanie , Ferreira de Castro Gabriel , Bertoldo Juracy , Sironi Alberto , Gondim Joao , Venancio Sonia Isoyama , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Barreto Marcos Ennes , Gubert Muriel Bauermann 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Nurturing Care Framework (NCF) calls for establishing a global monitoring and accountability systems for early childhood development (ECD). Major gaps to build low‐cost and large‐scale ECD monitoring systems at the local level remain. In this manuscript, we describe the process of selecting nurturing care indicators at the municipal level from existing routine information systems to develop the Brazilian Early Childhood Friendly Index (IMAPI). Three methodological steps developed through a participatory decision‐making process were followed. First, a literature review identified potential indicators to translate the NCF domains. Four technical panels composed of stakeholders from federal, state and municipal levels were consulted to identify data sources, their availability at the municipal level and the strengths and weakness of each potential indicator. Second, national and international ECD experts participated in two surveys to score, following a SMART approach, the expected performance of each nurturing care indicator. This information was used to develop analytical weights for each indicator. Third, informed by strengths and weaknesses pointed out in the previous steps, the IMAPI team reached consensus on 31 nurturing care indicators across the five NCF domains (Good health [n = 14], Adequate nutrition [4], Responsive caregiving [1], Opportunities for early learning [7] and Security and safety [4]). IMAPI represents the first attempt to select nurturing care indicators at the municipal level using data from existing routine information systems.
Anterior‐posterior electrophysiological activity characterizes Parkinsonian visual misperceptions
Authors: Muller Alana J. , Shine James M. , Rolle Camarin E. , Chitty Kate , Hall Julie M. , Halliday Glenda M. , Hermens Daniel F. , Lewis Simon J.G. , O’Callaghan Claire 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe neural mechanism underlying visual hallucinations (VH) in Parkinson's disease (PD) relates to impaired network‐level communication; however, the timing of this effect is poorly understood.AimTo elucidate the temporal evolution of EEG signals during misperceptions in PD patients.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with PD performed a validated behavioral task (the bistable percept paradigm, BPP) capable of eliciting visual misperceptions while being monitored using scalp electroencephalography (EEG). Using a data‐driven clustering analysis, EEG electrodes behaving similarly over time were clustered together. Misperceptions on the BPP were then related to the clustered time‐series EEG patterns.ResultsPatients with PD demonstrated distinctly different EEG signals during misperceptions, highlighted by early frontal and late posterior activity. Additionally, different aspects of the electrophysiological response during misperceptions were correlated with hallucination severity.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence that VH in PD may be related to early activity in frontal regions followed by activity within posterior regions of the cortex. These results support specific predictions of hypothetical models that emphasize an imbalance in top‐down vs bottom‐up processing during misperceptions and advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of VH in PD.
Frequency‐dependent evolution in a predator–prey system
Authors: Ackleh Azmy S. , Veprauskas Amy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present a discrete‐time predator–prey model in which the prey population is assumed to evolve in response to a toxicant. We incorporate frequency‐dependent selection into the prey evolution, assuming that an individual's susceptibility to predation depends on both the trait it possesses and the traits of others in the population. When frequency‐dependent selection is symmetric, we show that the trait equation is unable to track changes in the fitness landscape, that is, the fitness landscape may change while the trait continues to evolve to the same trait value. As a result, evolution may produce unfit prey populations. Meanwhile, we show that asymmetric frequency‐dependence may have a destabilizing effect on the system, resulting in a closed invariant curve via a Neimark–Sacker bifurcation.Recommendations for Resource Managers

When considering the impact that a toxicant or other disturbance may have on a system, it is important to consider the impact duration of the toxicant and whether any impacted species have the potential to evolve to reduce the impact of the toxicant.
Evolution of toxicant resistance may change system dynamics in a number of ways, such as enabling species persistence at higher toxicant levels. However, here we show that frequency‐dependent evolution has the potential to destabilize system dynamics, resulting in stable closed invariant curves.
Destabilization of system dynamics may have important consequences for species persistence, as periods of low abundance may increase the possibility of species extinction.
Effect of locally delivered protein complex‐loaded nanoparticles on bone remodelling of atrophic alveolar ridge in beagles
Authors: Lee Keun‐Ha , Cheon Lee Sang , Jung Kim Hye , Kang Yoon‐Goo , Kim Su‐Jung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of local injection of mineralized hybrid nanoparticles loading dentin matrix protein‐1 (DMP‐1) and matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13) complex (P‐NPs) on the bone remodelling on atrophic alveolar ridges (AAR) ahead of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).Settings and Sample populationFour beagles were randomly allocated into Group C (OTM only) and Group NP (OTM with P‐NPs injection). Experimental model of AAR was prepared in 8 mandibular quadrants after extraction of the third premolars (n = 4 per Group).Materials and MethodsReciprocal traction of the second and fourth premolars was performed towards AAR for 8 weeks. P‐NPs were prepared by loading recombinant DMP‐1 and MMP‐13 complex into calcium carbonate (CaCO3)‐mineralized hybrid nanoparticles and injected at 0, 3 and 6 weeks. The rate of OTM and the bone remodelling characteristics were compared between Groups using fluorescent microscopic analysis and microstructural histomorphometric analysis.ResultsGroup NP revealed higher bone volume fraction and higher trabecular ratio with lower bone mineral density than Group C on AAR area. Meanwhile, the root movement towards AAR was facilitated in Group NP representing more bodily movement than Group C.ConclusionNon‐invasive intervention of P‐NPs injection suggested a clinical potential to facilitate translational movement into the AAR with sustaining woven bone‐like microstructural environment.
Calcyclin (S100A6) Attenuates Inflammatory Response and Mediates Apoptosis of Chondrocytes in Osteoarthritis via the PI3K/AKT Pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐fei , Ma Jian‐xiong , Wang Yuan‐lin , Ma Xin‐long 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo clarify the regulatory effect of Calcyclin (S100A6) on chondrocytes apoptosis and its relationship with progression of osteoarthritis in an effort to explore potential therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis.MethodImmunofluorescence assay was produced to identify the rat chondrocyte sample and western blots assay was detected the expression changes of S100A6 between control group and osteoarthritis model which induced by interleukin‐1β. Adenovirus were transfected into the chondrocytes in vitro, in order to regulate the S100A6 expression. The influence of S100A6 on inflammatory reaction of osteoarthritis was detected by RT‐PCR. Also, Caspase‐3 activity assay and TUNEL assay were performed to evaluate the apoptosis changes. In addition, RT‐PCR and western blots were performed to verify that S100A6 mediated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Through the usage of pathway regulator, we detected S100A6 produced the effect by mediating the PI3K/AKT pathway.ResultsWe determined the expression of S100A6 decreased in osteoarthritis model, the relative expression level in osteoarthritis model was about 0.5 fold compared with control group. Through adenovirus transfection we revealed that the inflammatory factors of osteoarthritis (interleukin‐6 and matrix metalloproteinase‐13) showed a negative correlation with the S100A6 expression. The relative expression level of interleukin‐6 and matrix metalloproteinase‐13 were 1.534 and 1.259 when S100A6 was up‐regulated and the values were up to 2.445 and 2.074, respectively, when S100A6 was down‐regulated. Also, the data verified the apoptosis could be reduced when the S100A6 was up‐regulated and be activated when the S100A6 was down‐regulated, the Caspase‐3 activity was 16.512 U/μg and 24.45 U/μg respectively. Similar results were shown in TUNEL assay, the apoptosis index was 4.46% and 31.44%, respectively. Additionally, the results of polymerase chain reaction and western blots both demonstrated that the expression level of PI3K and AKT were increased when S100A6 was up‐regulated, conversely the expression level of those two signal modules were reduced if the S100A6 was down‐regulated. More importantly, the apoptosis triggered by S100A6 can be offset by the PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor and activator (LY294002 and IGF‐1), the values of Caspase‐3 activity and apoptosis index became close to the untreated osteoarthritis group. The experimental results in this study were statistically significant.ConclusionWe investigated that Calcyclin (S100A6) relieved the inflammation and mediated the chondrocyte apoptosis through PI3K/AKT pathway and we confirmed that S100A6 might be an attractive therapeutic target.
Case series on stereotactic body radiation therapy in non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Yugo Dony , Lo Li‐Wei , Wu Yuan‐Hung , Chung Fa‐Po , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Chang Shih‐Lin , Hu Yu‐Feng , Chao Tze‐Fan , Liao Jo‐Nan , Chang Ting‐Yung , Lin Chin‐Yu , Tuan Ta‐Chuan , Kuo Ling , Wu Cheng‐I , Liu Chih‐Min , Liu Shin‐Huei , Cheng Wen‐Han , Lugtu Isaiah C. , Jain Ankit , Chen Shih‐Ann 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) as an alternative treatment for recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT) is still unclear. This study aimed to report the outcome of SBRT in VT patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM).MethodsThe determination of the target substrate for radiation was based on the combination of CMR results and electroanatomical mapping merged with the real‐time CT scan image. Radiation therapy was performed by Flattening‐filter‐free (Truebeam) system, and afterward, patients were followed up for 13.5 ± 2.8 months. We analyzed the outcome of death, incidence of recurrent VT, ICD shocks, anti‐tachycardia pacing (ATP) sequences, and possible irradiation side‐effects.ResultsA total of three cases of NICM patients with anteroseptal scar detected by CMR. SBRT was successfully performed in all patients. During the follow‐up, we found that VT recurrences occurred in all patients. In one patient, it happened during a 6‐week blanking period, while the others happened afterward. Re‐hospitalization due to VT only appeared in one patient. Through ICD interrogation, we found that all patients have reduced VT burden and ATP therapies. All of the patients died during the follow‐up period. Radiotherapy‐related adverse events did not occur in all patients.ConclusionsSBRT therapy reduces the number of VT burden and ATP sequence therapy in NICM patients with VT, which had a failed previous catheter ablation. However, the efficacy and safety aspects, especially in NICM cases, remained unclear.
Genetic study of the resistance of faba bean (Vicia faba) against the fungus Ascochyta fabae through a genome‐wide association analysis
Authors: Faridi Rabia , Koopman Birger , Schierholt Antje , Ali Mohamed B. , Apel Stefanie , Link Wolfgang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAscochyta fabae is a fungal pathogen responsible for marked yield losses in spring and winter faba beans worldwide. The aim of this genome‐wide association study (GWAS) using 188 diverse winter faba bean inbred lines was to exploit earlier Ascochyta blight resistance studies and to identify new resistance loci. Phenotyping after artificial inoculation under controlled conditions revealed significant variation for all eight scored disease traits. This GWAS was based on 1829 AFLP marker and 229 SNP marker, including 17 so‐called ‘guide’ SNP markers. The latter were identified by map fragment alignments between the consensus smap of Webb et al., (2016, Plant Biotechnology Journal, 14, 177–185) and three earlier published Ascochyta blight resistance studies. A total of 12 markers were found significantly associated with six traits, explaining 5.6% to 21.7% of the phenotypic variance. One ‘guide’ SNP on chromosome III co‐localizes with the known resistance QTL Af1 on chromosome III. Probably nine new resistance trait‐associated marker loci were identified which will improve resistance breeding on winter faba beans and support a broader inclusion of the crop into rotations.