bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges to the Educational “Digital Divide” in Spanish Prisons
Authors: Pulido Manuel Lázaro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEducation within prisons is one of the most complex scenarios in the field of education in Spain. Education is conceived in spatial and temporal coordinates that are totally alien to life in prison and often clash with economic or security and order-related contraindications that frustrate the right to education in the twenty-first century. This is an education that cannot be unconnected with digital competition, and one of its aims is to eliminate the “digital divide”. On the one hand, it has been analysed by the Spanish and European authorities that there is a need for education to respond to the challenges of today’s society, which is characterised by having moved from the analogue era to the digital era. This digital drive is designed to limit social differences. On the other hand, Spanish prison legislation guarantees the right to education, but without forgetting the special circumstances limiting rights in prisons. In Spain, the 1996 regulation does not seem to be able to respond to the existing difficulties, since its wording has become obsolete on this point. In this regard, the Council of Europe recalled different aspects which lead us to question how the right to comprehensive education should be skilfully combined with that of the restrictions specific to the prison environment. The study of these two aspects leads to the conclusion that it is a difficult challenge. The administration must therefore seek a fair balance between the public policy objectives pursued and respect for the rights of persons deprived of their liberty.
A Well-Balanced SPH-ALE Scheme for Shallow Water Applications
Authors: Prieto-Arranz Alberto , Ramírez Luis , Couceiro Iván , Colominas Ignasi , Nogueira Xesús 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, a new discretization of the source term of the shallow water equations with non-flat bottom geometry is proposed to obtain a well-balanced scheme. A Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation based on Riemann solvers is presented to solve the SWE. Moving-Least Squares approximations are used to compute high-order reconstructions of the numerical fluxes and, stability is achieved using thea posterioriMOOD paradigm. Several benchmark 1D and 2D numerical problems are considered to test and validate the properties and behavior of the presented schemes.
Zero-free neighborhoods around the unit circle for Kac polynomials
Authors: Barrera Gerardo , Manrique Paulo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study how the roots of the Kac polynomials$$W_n(z) = \sum _{k=0}^{n-1} \xi _k z^k$$Wn(z)=∑k=0n-1ξkzkconcentrate around the unit circle when the coefficients of$$W_n$$Wnare independent and identically distributed nondegenerate real random variables. It is well known that the roots of a Kac polynomial concentrate around the unit circle as$$n\rightarrow \infty $$n→∞if and only if$${\mathbb {E}}[\log ( 1+ |\xi _0|)]<\infty $$E[log(1+|ξ0|)]<∞. Under the condition$${\mathbb {E}}[\xi ^2_0]<\infty $$E[ξ02]<∞, we show that there exists an annulus of width$${\text {O}}(n^{-2}(\log n)^{-3})$$O(n-2(logn)-3)around the unit circle which isfreeof roots with probability$$1-{\text {O}}({(\log n)^{-{1}/{2}}})$$1-O((logn)-1/2). The proof relies on small ball probability inequalities and the least common denominator used in [17].
NO-HYPE: a novel hydrodynamic phantom for the evaluation of MRI flow measurements
Authors: Gadda Giacomo , Cocozza Sirio , Gambaccini Mauro , Taibi Angelo , Tedeschi Enrico , Zamboni Paolo , Palma Giuseppe 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Accurate and reproducible measurement of blood flow profile is very important in many clinical investigations for diagnosing cardiovascular disorders. Given that many factors could affect human circulation, and several parameters must be set to properly evaluate blood flows with phase-contrast techniques, we developed an MRI-compatible hydrodynamic phantom to simulate different physiological blood flows. The phantom included a programmable hydraulic pump connected to a series of pipes immersed in a solution mimicking human soft tissues, with a blood-mimicking fluid flowing in the pipes. The pump is able to shape and control the flow by driving a piston through a dedicated software. Periodic waveforms are used as input to the pump to move the fluid into the pipes, with synchronization of the MRI sequences to the flow waveforms. A dedicated software is used to extract and analyze flow data from magnitude and phase images. The match between the nominal and the measured flows was assessed, and the scope of phantom variables useful for a reliable calibration of an MRI system was accordingly defined. Results showed that the NO-HYPE phantom is a valuable tool for the assessment of MRI scanners and sequence design for the MR evaluation of blood flows.

Graphical abstract
Assessing the Effect of Boswellia Serrata Extract on Fouling of Alloy 6061 Aluminum in Artificial Seawater Slurry
Authors: Lavanya M. , Rao Padmalatha , Murthy V. Ramachandra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe fouling behavior of Alloy 6061 aluminum in artificial seawater in the presence of Boswellia serrata extract was investigated. Fouling is one of the major issues that occurred commonly in the marine environment. Experiments were conducted to develop a model for fouling propensity. A response surface method was used to develop a model to predict fouling behavior. The model predicts the effect of the variables on fouling in artificial seawater medium in the presence of B. serrata extract. The experimental variables chosen were temperature, flow rate and time. Performance of the regression model calculated by the response surface methodology was verified with the analysis of variance technique. The model equation that was proposed using the response surface methodology showed good agreement with the experimentally obtained data.
Incidence of De Quervain’s thyroiditis during the COVID-19 pandemic in an area heavily affected by Sars-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Pirola Ilenia , Gandossi Elena , Rotondi Mario , Marini Fiorella , Cristiano Alessandra , Chiovato Luca , Castellano Maurizio , Ferlin Alberto , Cappelli Carlo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the possible association between Covid-19 infection and subacute thyroiditis.

Methods
We reviewed the medical and imaging records of patients referred to our Department’s outpatient setting dedicated to ‘thyroid emergency’ (records with a ‘bollino verde’—green sticker, classifed as urgent) from April 2020 to October 2020. This outpatient clinic is devoted to patients requiring evaluation for severe hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis and neck discomfort or pain. All patients with a newly-diagnosed subacute thyroiditis were selected. The data of all patients receiving a diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis was collected retrospectively, taking into account the same period of time (April–October) and starting from 2016.

Results
During the COVID-19 outbreak in our region (April 2020 to October 2020) 396 patients attended the outpatient emergency clinic. Among them, 10 (2.5%) patients received a diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis. In a single patient, a 44-year-old man, a COVID-19 pulmonary infection had been diagnosed 7 weeks before the diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis. All of the remaining patients were and remain COVID-19 free as confirmed by telephone interview. The percentage of patients who received a diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis in the same period starting from 2016 was very similar (2.9%, 2.9%, 2.6% and 3.0% in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively).

Conclusions
Our data do not show an increase in the incidence of subacute thyroiditis in the Brescia area, a region with the highest prevalence of COVID-19 in Italy during the period of the pandemic outbreak.
Clinical nutrition as part of the treatment pathway of pancreatic cancer patients: an expert consensus
Authors: Carrato A. , Cerezo L. , Feliu J. , Macarulla T. , Martín-Pérez E. , Vera R. , Álvarez J. , Botella-Carretero J. I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeMalnutrition is a common problem among pancreatic cancer (PC) patients that negatively impacts on their quality of life (QoL) and clinical outcomes. The main objective of this consensus is to address the role of Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) into the comprehensive therapeutic management of PC patients.MethodsA Spanish multidisciplinary group of specialists from the areas of Medical Oncology; Radiation Oncology; Endocrinology and Nutrition; and General Surgery agreed to assess the role of MNT as part of the best therapeutic management of PC patients.ResultsThe panel established different recommendations focused on nutritional screening and nutritional screening tools, MNT strategies according to PC status, and MNT in palliative treatment.ConclusionsThere is an unmet need to integrate nutritional therapy as a crucial part of the multimodal care process in PC patients. Health authorities, health care professionals, cancer patients, and their families should be aware of the relevance of nutritional status and MNT on clinical outcomes and QoL of PC patients.
Only peak thyroglobulin concentration on day 1 and 3 of rhTSH-aided RAI adjuvant treatment has prognostic implications in differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Ledwon Aleksandra , Paliczka-Cieślik Ewa , Syguła Aleksandra , Olczyk Tomasz , Kropińska Aleksandra , Kotecka-Blicharz Agnieszka , Hasse-Lazar Kornelia , Kluczewska-Gałka Aneta , Jarząb Barbara , Handkiewicz-Junak Daria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), serum thyroglobulin levels measured at the time of remnant ablation after thyroid hormone withdrawal were shown to have prognostic value for disease-free status. We sought to evaluate serial thyroglobulin measurements at the time of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH)-aided iodine 131 (131I) adjuvant treatment as prognostic markers of DTC.MethodsSix hundred-fifty patients with DTC given total/near-total thyroidectomy and adjuvant radioiodine post-rhTSH stimulation were evaluated. Thyroglobulin was measured on day 1 (Tg1; at the time of the first rhTSH injection), day 3 (Tg3; 1 day after the second, final rhTSH injection), and day 6 (Tg6; 3 days post-radioiodine administration). Treatment failure was defined as histopathologically confirmed locoregional recurrence, or radiologically-evident distant metastases (signs of disease on computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or abnormal foci of radioiodine or [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) uptake.ResultsIn univariate analysis, Tg1 (p < 0.001) and Tg3 (p < 0.001), but not Tg6, were significantly associated with structural recurrence. In multivariate analysis of the overall cohort, only Tg3 was independently associated with structural recurrence. In multivariate analysis of the subgroup (n = 561) with anti-Tg antibodies titers below the institutional cut-off, 115 IU/mL, Tg1 was an independent prognostic marker. Tg1 and Tg3 cutoffs to best predict structural recurrence were established at 0.7 ng/mL and 1.4 ng/mL, respectively.ConclusionsTg1 and Tg3, measurements made after rhTSH stimulation but before radioiodine treatment, independently predict a low risk of treatment failure in patients with DTC. Levels measured post-radioiodine application (e.g., Tg6) are highly variable, lack prognostic value, and hence can be omitted.
A middle Eocene treefall pit and its filling: a microenvironmental study from the onset of a forest mire in the Geiseltal (Germany)
Authors: Wilde Volker , Riegel Walter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe treefall pit of a large tree at the base of the middle Eocene Mittelkohle has been studied in the former open-cast mine Neumark Nord of the Geiseltal Mining District. Above a light clastic soil, the sedimentation in the pit started with backfall and downwashed material grading upwards into pond deposits that filled the pit. This represents a high-resolution section equivalent in time to the initial peat-forming environment. Palynology revealed a striking difference between a fern-dominated herbaceous plant community below the pit and a pulse of washed-in fagaceous pollen (Tricolpopollenites liblarensis) at the base of the pit. This is overlain by an assemblage of woody taxa typical of a peat swamp forest associated with a number of tropical elements. Comparison with a nearby but undisturbed transition from underlying sediments to the seam confirms the ecotonal character of the parent plant ofT.liblarensis, and suggests that Cupressaceae s.l., Nyssaceae and Myricaceae especially benefited from moisture and light in the clearing of the treefall pit. The transition from the underlying sediment to the lignite represents a sharp break in the sedimentary regime from clastic to purely organic material with a bounding surface colonised by large trees, most of them preserved as individual stumps, but including some fallen logs.
Covid-19 and tracing methodologies: A lesson for the future society
Authors: Scantamburlo Teresa , Cortés Atia , Dewitte Pierre , Van der Eycken Daphné , De Wolf Ralf , Martens Marijn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) surged across the globe, new technical solutions have supported policy makers and health authorities to plan and modulate containment measures. The introduction of these solutions provoked a large debate which has focused on risks for privacy and data protection. In this paper we offer an analysis of the available technical approaches and provide new arguments to move beyond the ongoing discussions. In particular, we argue that the past debate missed the opportunity to highlight the societal aspects of privacy and to stimulate a broader reflection on the actions needed to serve the good of society. With this paper, as well as providing an accessible review of the technical and legal aspects of the proposed solutions, we aim to offer new stimuli to reconsider contact tracing and its role in helping countries navigate the current pandemic.
Study of Hydrocarbon Source Potential of Kapurdi Lignites of Barmer Basin, Rajasthan, Western India
Authors: Rajak P. K. , Singh V. K. , Kumar Aniruddha , Singh Vishvajeet , Rai Ankita , Rai Shweta , Singh K. N. , Sharma Mamta , Naik A. S. , Mathur Neeraj , Singh Prakash K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The present investigation is an attempt to study hydrocarbon source potential of early Paleogene lignites of Kapurdi, Barmer Basin. The samples collected from the working mines have been subjected to petrographic and geochemical analyses. The petrographic study includes both maceral as well as microlithotype analyses whereas geochemical study includes proximate and ultimate analyses. Besides, rock eval pyrolysis, FTIR and NMR studies have also been carried out. The analytically generated data were also correlated and checked with empirical equations. The study shows that these lignites of Barmer Basin are rich in kerogen type-III organic matter and contain high concentration of reactive macerals (huminite + liptinite) to the tune of ~98% (mineral matter free basis) and they have attained low maturity (Rmax is 0.43%). These lignites have a fairly high conversion factor (95–97%) and oil yield (65–67%) which is also supported by the rock-eval data. Further, 1H and C13 shifts of NMR also suggest a high potential of hydrocarbon of Kapurdi lignites.
Effect of Co-Addition of Ag and Cu on Mechanical Properties of Sn–5Sb Lead-Free Solder
Authors: Yuan Biao , Liang Zhimin , Yang Zongyuan , Shen Fei , Xu Da , Wang Liwei , Wei Shaowei , Wang Dianlong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSn–Sb lead-free solders are considered to substitute the tin–lead solders due to their great mechanical properties. At room temperature, the mechanical properties of Ni/Au/Sn–5Sb/Au/Ni and Ni/Au/Sn–5Sb–0.3Ag–0.05Cu/Au/Ni linear solder joints were investigated by nanoindentation experiments at different loads. The results showed that the Sn–Sb intermetallic compound (IMC) was distributed in the β-Sn matrix in Ni/Au/Sn–5Sb/Au/Ni solder joints. Co-addition of Cu and Ag resulted in the formation of the rod-shaped Cu6Sn5 and the fine granular Ag3Sn IMCs. At the same load and loading/unloading rate, the indentation depth and residual indentation morphologies of Ni/Au/Sn–5Sb–0.3Ag–0.05Cu/Au/Ni solder joints were smaller than those of Ni/Au/Sn–5Sb/Au/Ni solder joints. The hardness of the two kinds of solder joints decreased with the increase in load, while the Young’s modulus was independent of load. In addition, compared to the Ni/Au/Sn–5Sb/Au/Ni solder joints, the hardness, Young’s modulus and stress exponents of Ni/Au/Sn–5Sb–0.3Ag–0.05Cu/Au/Ni solder joints achieved an improvement due to the co-addition of Ag and Cu.
Total pancreatectomy and pancreatic fistula: friend or foe?
Authors: Salvia Roberto , Lionetto Gabriella , Perri Giampaolo , Malleo Giuseppe , Marchegiani Giovanni 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPostoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) still represents the major driver of surgical morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The purpose of this narrative review was to critically analyze current evidence supporting the use of total pancreatectomy (TP) to prevent the development of POPF in patients with high-risk pancreas, and to explore the role of completion total pancreatectomy (CP) in the management of severe POPF. Considering the encouraging perioperative outcomes, TP may represent a promising tool to avoid the morbidity related to an extremely high-risk pancreatic anastomosis in selected patients. Surgical management of severe POPF is only required in few critical scenarios. In this context, even if anecdotal, CP might play a role as last resort in expert hands.
Is Childhood Maltreatment Associated with Body Image Disturbances in Adulthood? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bödicker Christine , Reinckens Jonas , Höfler Michael , Hoyer Jürgen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to synthesize the evidence for an association between childhood maltreatment and body image disturbances in adulthood. Information on maltreatment subtypes and mediator variables was included to gain further insights into the mechanisms of the association. In addition, we aimed to examine the role of body image disturbances in the development of negative mental health outcomes associated with childhood maltreatment.MethodsBased on a comprehensive search strategy, eligible studies were identified in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The eligibility assessment was performed by two reviewers, and 132 articles were studied full-text. To reduce heterogeneity, only non-clinical samples were included in the meta-analysis. A meta-regression was computed to examine the influence of maltreatment subtype on body image disturbances.ResultsOur results provide evidence for a robust association between childhood maltreatment and cognitive-affective body image, both in clinical and community samples. Included studies (N = 40) indicate that body image disturbances are especially pronounced in individuals suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after childhood maltreatment. The meta-analysis included 12 studies with a total of 15.481 participants, and indicates a small overall effect size (r = 0.21, 95% CI = [0.16, 0.26],p < .001). Meta-regression revealed no significant impact of maltreatment subtype in non-clinical samples.ConclusionChildhood maltreatment should be considered as a distal risk factor for the development of a negative cognitive-affective body image. We argue for future longitudinal studies which allow a better understanding of the pathways linking childhood maltreatment, body image disturbances and associated psychopathology.
Streams, sewage, and shallow groundwater: stream-aquifer interactions in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Prajapati Rajaram , Overkamp Nick N. , Moesker Niek , Happee Kate , van Bentem Rick , Danegulu Anusha , Manandhar Bikesh , Devkota Nischal , Thapa Amber Bahadur , Upadhyay Surabhi , Talchabhadel Rocky , Thapa Bhesh Raj , Malla Rabin , Pandey Vishnu Prasad , Davids Jeffrey C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Kathmandu Valley in Nepal is facing a water quantity and quality crisis due to rapid urbanization and haphazard water and wastewater planning and management. Annually, groundwater extractions in the Kathmandu Valley exceed capture, resulting in groundwater table declines. Streams are often important sources of recharge to (or destination of discharges from) aquifers. However, stream-aquifer interactions in the Kathmandu Valley are poorly understood. To improve this understanding, we performed topographic surveys of water levels, and measured water quality, in streams and adjacent hand-dug wells (shallow aquifer). In pre-monsoon, 12% (2018) and 44% (2019) of wells had water levels higher than adjacent streams, indicating mostly a loss of stream water to the aquifer. However, in post-monsoon, 69% (2018) and 70% (2019) of wells had water levels higher than adjacent streams, indicating that monsoon rainfall contributes to shallow aquifer recharge which, at least temporarily, causes streams to transition from losing to gaining. Concentrations of all water quality parameters (electrical conductivity, ammonia, alkalinity, and hardness) were higher in the pre-monsoon compared to post-monsoon in both streams and wells. There was no recurring trend in water level difference longitudinally from upstream to downstream. However, water quality in streams and wells depleted from upstream to downstream. While we clearly observed seasonal refilling of the shallow aquifer, the role of the deep aquifer in seasonal storage processes deserve future research attention.
Review on additive hybrid- and multi-material-manufacturing of metals by powder bed fusion: state of technology and development potential
Authors: Schneck M. , Horn M. , Schmitt M. , Seidel C. , Schlick G. , Reinhart G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this review paper, the authors investigate the state of technology for hybrid- and multi-material (MM) manufacturing of metals utilizing additive manufacturing, in particular powder bed fusion processes. The study consists of three parts, covering the material combinations, the MM deposition devices, and the implications in the process chain. The material analysis is clustered into 2D- and 3D-MM approaches. Based on the reviewed literature, the most utilized material combination is steel-copper, followed by fusing dissimilar steels. Second, the MM deposition devices are categorized into holohedral, nozzle-based as well as masked deposition concepts, and compared in terms of powder deposition rate, resolution, and manufacturing readiness level (MRL). As a third aspect, the implications in the process chain are investigated. Therefore, the design of MM parts and the data preparation for the production process are analyzed. Moreover, aspects for the reuse of powder and finalization of MM parts are discussed. Considering the design of MM parts, there are theoretical approaches, but specific parameter studies or use cases are not present in the literature. Principles for powder separation are identified for exemplary material combinations, but results for further finalization steps of MM parts have not been found. In conclusion, 3D-MM manufacturing has a MRL of 4–5, which indicates that the technology can be produced in a laboratory environment. According to this maturity, several aspects for serial MM parts need to be developed, but the potential of the technology has been demonstrated. Thus, the next important step is to identify lead applications, which benefit from MM manufacturing and hence foster the industrialization of these processes.