bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GROWTH PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND BLOOD INDICES OF FINISHING BROILER CHICKENS FED VARYING LEVELS OF PRE-GELATINIZED CASSAVA GRITS AS A REPLACEMENT FOR MAIZE
Authors: LALA A. O. , OLANREWAJU M. K. , OLANREWAJU A. P. , SANUSI R. A. , OLATUNDE A. L. , SENAIKE O. R. 
Published: July 2021

Pre gelatinized cassava grit (PGCG) is a new cassava product produced mechanically and commercially for poultry feeding. Five dietary treatments were formulated with PGCG replacing maize at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % in broiler starter (0-4 weeks) and finisher (4-8 weeks) diets. Two hundred (200) day-old broiler chickens were allotted to the five dietary treatments in a completely random design. Each treatment was replicated four times with 10 birds per replicate and 40 birds per treatment. At the end of week 4 and 8 of the experiment, data were collected on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, haematological and serum biochemical indices. Final weight and weight gain were significantly (P < 0.05) highest in broilers fed 25 % PGCG diet, followed by those fed control diet. While, (P < 0.05) similar and lower values were obtained from broilers fed other PGCG diets. Feed intake decreased (P < 0.05) with PGCG in the diets at the starting and finishing phases. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility was (P < 0.05) highest in starting broilers fed 25 % PGCG diet, while digestibility (P < 0.05) declined with higher levels of PGCG. At the finishing phase, digestibility of all nutrients was similar (P < 0.05). Apparent metabolizable energy was (P < 0.05) higher in birds fed PGCG diets in the starting and finishing phases. Haematological and serum biochemical indices showed no significant (P>0.05) difference in the broiler chickens fed varying levels of PGCG in the diets. Broiler chickens fed PGCG above 25% in the diet had significantly (P < 0.05) higher proventriculus values when compared with those fed the control diet and 25% PGCG diet. The study revealed that substituting maize with 25 % PGCG in broiler diets improved growth and nutrient digestibility. Reduction in weight gain and non significant increased thiocyanate at higher PGCG inclusion should be improved for effective utilization of pre gelatinized cassava grit in broiler diets.
EFFECTS OF STORAGE METHODS AND MYCOFLORA ON PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF AFRICAN YAM BEAN (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochust ex Rich ) SEEDS
Authors: OYEDELE T. A. , KEHINDE I. A. , AFOLABI C. G. , OYEDEJI E. O. 
Published: July 2021

One of the limitations of African yam bean (AYB) (Sphenostylis sternocarpa) is poor storage ability due to the adverse effect of seed-borne fungi. This study was conducted to examine the effects of storage methods on nutritive composition of AYB seeds stored in three types of storage materials viz; jute bags, polypropylene bags and plastic bowls. Freshly harvested AYB seeds were stored in all the storage materials for 6 months using 2 × 3 factorial (2 AYB cultivars and 3 storage methods) in 3 replicates. The proximate analysis of the stored AYB seeds was carried out at 3 and 6 months after storage using standard methods. The temperature and relative humidity of the store room were recorded monthly. Seeds stored in jute bags gave the best values for crude protein (24.87%), ash (5.69%) and fat content (6.64%) but recorded least values for crude fibre (2.55%), carbohydrate (50.86%) and moisture content (12.68%) at the 6th month of storage. Temperature of the store room decreased from 32.9 ºC - 28.3ºC, while the relative humidity increased from 78% - 86%. Decreased incidence of field fungi namely: Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Geotricum candidum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor meihei was accompanied by increase in storage fungi viz: Apergillus niger, Mucor hiemalis, Penicillium espansum and Penicillium atrovenetum with prolonged storage. The study showed that out of the three storage materials, jute bag was more effective in preserving AYB seeds.
EFFECTS OF AESTIVATION DURATION ON TESTOSTERONE, HAEMOLYMPH BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND REPRODUCTIVE TRACT DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT OF GIANT AFRICAN LAND SNAIL (Archachatina marginata) DURING DRY SEASON
Authors: ABIONA J. A. , ADEEYO O. M. , ABIOJA M. O. , AINA C. K. , AYO-AJASA O. Y. , ONAGBESAN O. M. 
Published: July 2021

Aestivation is a process of metabolic inactivity under which energy reserve are manipulated for survival. Reproductive apparatus and haemolymph biochemical agents also undergo phase manipulation as the duration continues. To determine the physiological influence on key hormone of reproduction and reproductive apparatus, seventy five A. marginata snails were used for this study. The snails were divided into five treatments with fifteen replicate each. Treatment include: Zero (0) week, Three (3) weeks, Six (6) weeks, nine (9) weeks and six (6) weeks post-aestivation. Parameters measured were: Testosterone concentration, haemolymph biochemical parameters (Total protein, albumin, globulin, Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine transaminase (ALT), dimensions (length) and weight of the organs and tissues of the reproductive tracts (Ovo-testis, penis, vaginal, oviduct, little hermaphrodite duct, common hermaphrodite duct, vas deferens and albumen gland) gonado-somatic index and percentage mortality. Result showed that level of testosterone at three and six weeks of aestivation significantly reduced compared to the control. Also, at nine weeks of aestivation, the reduction was significantly greater than what was recorded at both three and six weeks of aestivation. But the testosterone levels were reversed at nine weeks post aestivation. Total protein and globulin were significantly influenced with both reaching a peak value at 9 weeks of aestivation while ALT, AST and albumin were not significantly affected. So also, of all the reproductive tract parts measured, organ weight, ovo-testis weight, penis weight and length were significantly influenced (P<0.001; P<0.001; P<0.05; P<0.001). Similarly, vaginal weight, oviduct weight, little hermaphrodite duct weight and length were also significantly affected together with vas deferens length and albumen gland length while aestivation duration had no significant influence on reproductive tract weight, ovo-testis length, vaginal length, oviduct length, little hermaphrodite duct length, vas deferens weight and albumen gland weight. Similarly, gonado-somatic index was also not significantly affected by aestivation duration. It was also obvious from this study that the highest mortality was recorded at 6 weeks of aestivation, followed by 9 weeks of aestivation while 3weeks and 6 weeks post-aestivation had the least mortality with the control intact.
In conclusion, it is clear from this study that aestivation duration significantly influenced testosterone concentration, haemolymph biochemical parameters and some selected reproductive apparatus of A. marginata.
GENETIC VARIABILITY AND INTERRELATIONSHIP AMONG MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN AFRICAN PEAR FRUIT (DACRYODES EDULIS (G.DON) H.J. LAM) ACCESSIONS
Authors: ALAJE V. I. , ALAKE C. O. 
Published: July 2021

African pear fruit (Dacryodes edulis) is a highly sought for multipurpose agroforestry tree species that has the potential for both local and international trades, Nigeria is among the leading producer of the fruit, but its pattern and extent of its genetic variability is currently unknown. Hence, a study was carried out to determine the pattern and extent of genetic variability and interrelationships among 13 morphological traits of African pear fruit accessions. The experiment was laid in a Completely Randomized Design in 5 replications. Data collected on number of leaf production, leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf length/breadth ratio, internode distances, plant height, collar diameter, fresh leaf weight, fresh stem weight, fresh root weight, dry leaf weight, dry stem weight, dry root weight and biomass accumulation were subjected to Analysis of Variance. Treatment means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5% probability level. Results showed significant (p<0.05) differences among the D. edulis genotypes for most of the traits evaluated indicated variation in the performance of the genotypes and pattern of clustering indicated that there was no association between eco-geographical distribution of genotypes and genetic diversity. PCA revealed that fourteen axes accounted for 100% of the variations observed while the first five axes contributed 73.23% of the total variation observed. The first axis accounted for 25.61% of the total variation while the second and third accounted for 15.43 and 15.01%, respectively. The fourth axis contributed 9.82% of the total variation while the fifth axis contributed 7.36% of the total variation. Significant phenotypic and genotypic correlations were observed between most of the plant characters evaluated and biomass accumulation which is an indication that the phenotypic association will be a good index for the genotypic association.
EFFECT OF ORGANO- BASED FOLIAR FERTILIZER ON CHLOROPHYLL AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF OKRA VARIETIES IN DERIVED SAVANAH OF NIGERIA
Authors: AKINTOKUN P. O. , AMUOFU D. U. , OSHO M. R. 
Published: July 2021

Cultivation of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) which is a commonly grown vegetable crop in the tropics is constrained by depleting soil fertility. Use of foliar fertilizer as a supplement has been successfully reported in the temperate region hence there is need to determine the effect of foliar liquid fertilizer on okra growth and nutritional quality. Field experiments were conducted at the Abeokuta (Federal University of Agriculture [FUNAAB] ) and Ibadan (National Horticulture Research Institute [NIHORT] ), between May and August 2015 to evaluate the response of two okra varieties to types and rates of organic-based foliar fertilizer application. Experiment was a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial combinations laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates at both locations. Factors were okra variety (LD88 and NHae47-4), the fertilizer types (D.I. Grow Green ® and D.I.Grow Red®) and four rate of foliar applications (0 [control], 300, 600 and 900 ml/ha) while NPK 15:15:15 served as check. The results showed that the D.I.Grow Red® at 300ml/ha produced the higher Ash (8.23%), fat (2.54%,), moisture (14.65%), and carbohydrate (47.31%) at Abeokuta while 600 ml/ha produced significantly the higher ash, crude fibre, moisture and carbohydrate (9.37%, 15.94%, 9.13%, and 52.02%), respectively in Ibadan. The study concluded that okra variety LD88 had superior growth performance. Application of D.I.Grow Red® at the rate of 300 ml/ha at Abeokuta and 600 ml/ha at Ibadan enhance fruit nutritional quality of okra. Therefore, 300 and 600 ml/ha is recommended to farmers in Abeokuta and Ibadan, respectively.
AMBIENT LEVELS OF GASEOUS, PARTICULATE AND BIO-AEROSOL POLLUTANTS IN FARM SETTLEMENTS ACROSS OGUN STATE, SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
Authors: OYEBANJI F. F. , ANA G.R. E.E. , MIJINYAWA Y. , TIJANI Y. A. 
Published: July 2021

This study assessed the levels of air pollutants emitted outdoor of farm settlements (FS), the seasonal and temporal variations, and the relationship among the parameters monitored. Seven FS within Ogun State were investigated, with 211 sampling points established across the FS. The concentrations of VOCs, SO2, NO2, CO, O3, NH3, CO2, TSP, PM2.5 and PM10 were monitored in replicates using active potable samplers while bacteria and fungi were isolated using settle plate technique. Descriptive (means and standard deviation) and inferential statistical tools (Pearson correlation) were used to analyse the data. The mean ranges of VOCs, CO and CO2 (ppm); 20.8±10.53 – 48.67±19.05, 17.95±6.65 – 21.5±3.93, 3562.15±1200.85 – 4266±1176.85, and for bacteria and fungi (cfu/m3); 548.98±1.18 – 2255.01±1.27 and 525.68±1.15 – 1282.38±1.27 respectively were above the threshold limits. There were significant seasonal, spatial and temporal differences among observed means of VOCs, CO2 O3, TSP, PM2.5, and fungi. The bacteria and fungi count increased as TSP, PM2.5 and PM10 increased. The study established that levels of air pollutants are dependent on the type of farming practice.
EFFECTS OF COOKING CONDITIONS ON THE TEXTURE PROFILE, SENSORY AND PROXIMATE QUALITIES OF PRESSURE COOKED BAMBARA NUTS
Authors: BAKARE H. A. , ADEGUNWA M. A. , AKERELE R. A. , TIJANI A. O. , ALAKE O. O. , ILUGBAMI I. I. , FAKEHINDE E. A. , OLOYEDE O. O. 
Published: July 2021

This study evaluated the effects of pressure cooking on the textural attributes of Bambara nuts using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).The study optimized cooking condition {Weight of Bambara (250 – 1000g), cooking time (20 -90 min) and post cooking resident time (2-12 min)} for the pressure boiling on the textural and qualities of Bambara. Five out of the eleven optimised solutions (Desirability Index range of 0.919 to 0.936) were compared with samples from conventionally boiled Bambara for proximate and sensory (colour, texture, aroma and Overall acceptance) qualities. Data were analysed using RSM, analysis of variance and PPMC. Models for hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, fracturability and sensory texture with adjusted R2 values of 83.41%, 80.99%, 67.37% , 93,75% and 88.96% respectively adequately explained the textural and sensory qualities of boiled bambara. The range of values for moisture, fat, ash, crude protein and carbohydrate were 47.88, 2.24, 1.98, 24.30, 20.91 % to 50.58, 2.58, 2.19, 25.49, 21.87% respectively. Boiled Bambara produced at verified optimisation solutions (527.62g, 82.55, 10.43 min and 591.69g, 82.96, 9.52 minutes) were not significantly different (p >0.05) from that produced by conventional method (weight and Cooking time: 500g and 125 min.) in spite of the relatively longer cooking time of the later.
PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FINISHING BROILERS FED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH COMBINATION OF PROBIOTICS (B. cereus) AND PREBIOTICS (MANNOSE [MOS])
Authors: ONI O. O. , ADEBAYO R. M. , AKINDELE A. J. 
Published: July 2021

The experiment aimed to investigate effect of combination of probiotics and prebiotics on the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers at finishing phase. A total number of 300 day-old Anak broiler chicks were used to determine the response of broiler chicks to diets supplemented with probiotics (Bacillus cereus) and prebiotics (Mannose). The chicks were randomly allotted to four treatment groups of 75 birds with 25 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. The four dietary treatments comprised 500ppm MOS; 250ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS; 500ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS and 750ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS, respectively. Results showed that feed conversion ratio decreased significantly (P< 0.05) from 1.21 for groups fed det supplemented with 250ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS to 1.05 for groups fed with 750ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS as more prebiotics were added to the probiotics. Final live weight, eviscerated weight and dressing percentage were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by combination of probiotics and prebiotics in finishing broilers. Final live weight values ranged from 2453.30g in birds fed 250ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS to 2488.30g in birds fed 750ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS, while eviscerated weight ranged from 1063.30g at 500ppm MOS to 1396.70g at 750ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS. The same trend was observed for dressing percentage, neck, whole gizzard and liver. It was concluded that combination of probitics and prebiotics at 750ppm B. cereus + 500ppm MOS had positive effect on growth performance and carcass qualities of broilers at finishing phase.
Relevance or plausibility? Health care and research recommendations
Authors: Brands Martien 
Published: July 2021

Background: Several disease indications have been researched for homeopathic treatment. However, the degree of evidence of studies is not yet investigated for the whole of homeopathic care. Three levels of care are identified: 1. Basic/ community health level. 2. Professional/ primary care level, 3. Advanced/ specialist care level
Methods: Browser searches were made to identify studies at the three levels; from major reviews the last 20 years. The degrees of evidence were further subdivided into the levels of care. Each care level was documented for 7 major areas of pathology: cardiovascular, respiratory, gastro intestinal, urogenital, Neuro-endocrino-immunological, infectious, degenerative-oncological diseases. Criteria for inclusion: for RCT’s a minimum of Jadad score 3.
Results: A matrix yields an overview of studies of sufficient quality to make recommendations for health services to integrate homeopathic treatment into their package of service delivery. 75% of the included studies are performed at community health level only.
Discussion: A disproportionate segment of RCT’s on community health level has been conducted, in relation to the actual teaching priorities on individual treatment in homeopathic practice, and professional profiling as ‘specialists’. External and model validity enhancing recommendations for RCTs are provided, and some disease-categories with sufficient evidence presented.
Specificity and sensitivity as important parameters of the pattern of the homeopathic remedy
Authors: Ashikhmina Margarita 
Published: July 2021

Aim: To assess the opportunity of use specificity (Sp) and sensitivity (Se) - indicators that are generally accepted for any diagnostic method - in homeopathy.
Methodology: Analysis of comprehensions Specificity and Sensitivity in context of homeopathic knowledge.
Results and discussions: In homeopathy, as in mathematics, patterns are identified through research, the main resources: provings, cases, repertory data, Materia Medica, and source information. S. Bohger wrote: “not all symptoms are equivalent”, “peculiar characteristics should be distinguished from the general series”. Considering the different facets in the general pattern of any remedy, we can see that the weight and diagnostic significance of each facet are different. Each facet of the pattern can be characterized by specificity (Sp) and sensitivity (Se) – indicators that are generally accepted for any diagnostic method. Specificity in medicine is the ability of the diagnostic method (facet of the pattern) not to give false positive results in the absence of disease (i.e., not to point to another remedy). Sp shows to what degree this parameter is typical for this remedy. It is defined as the proportion of the truly negative results of healthy individuals in the group under examination (i.e., the more often the facet is found in other remedies, the lower the specificity is). E.g., the Sp of sore throat for Hepar sulphur is how rarely the sore throat will be met in all other cases, except Hepar sulphur). Sensitivity is the ability of the diagnostic method (certain facet of the pattern) to give the correct result (to identify the remedy), which is defined as the proportion of true positive results among all tests performed (i.e., how often this facet of the pattern appears in this remedy compared to others). The Se reflects how often this pattern theme (symptom) occurs among all cases of this remedy, for example, how often we will find the sore throat among all cases of Hepar sulphur. The key symptoms, corresponding to the leading symptoms of the remedy, so-called “grains of gold” in homeopathy, can be attributed to highly specific parameters: they “valuable, few and hidden”, and as the “key to the lock” opening the whole case. Obviously, the key symptoms should have both high Sp and sufficient Se to be some kind of a visiting card of the remedy. Concomitant symptoms can be attributed to sensitive parameters, they complement the overall picture of the remedy, but they cannot be relied on in the decisive choice of the remedy (due to their low specificity).
Conclusion: Sp and Se can use for description basic homeopathic terms and concepts and show diagnostic contribution of individual parameters in total pattern of the homeopathic remedy on different levels of disease.
Understanding the information-seeking behavior of pharmacy college faculty, staff, and students: implications for improving embedded librarian services
Authors: Kamada Hitoshi , Martin Jennifer R. , Slack Marion K. , Kramer Sandra S. 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Research was conducted on the embedded librarian program at The University of Arizona College of Pharmacy and the Health Sciences Library to understand how this service is relevant to users and identify the potential for further improvement. This study examined users’ information-seeking behaviors and considered the implications for the effectiveness of the embedded librarian service.Methods: The authors conducted 18 semi-structured interviews of faculty, researchers, and students at the College of Pharmacy to obtain descriptive accounts of how they seek information, manage information, and use the library and library services. The authors examined the interview transcripts through qualitative descriptive analysis.Results: The interview responses confirm that users seek information outside of the physical library and tend to ask their peers for information or assistance in obtaining information. They mostly feel comfortable in searching, but some of them may lack sufficient search skills and tend to use a few known databases. While those who are familiar with the librarian seek the librarian’s assistance more often, others tend not to seek the librarian’s assistance. The ways they manage information vary, which requires customized assistance.Conclusions: The close proximity of a physically embedded librarian is beneficial to users and positions the librarian to provide proactive assistance in the existing user information-seeking behavior environment. While some users do not seek assistance, the embedded librarian can provide proactive assistance in such areas as making users aware of other database options and helping them choose relevant databases and effectively manage information.
The prose poem and the comic: on Russell Edson’s ‘The Manual of Sleep’
Authors: Johnson Peter 
Published: July 2021

An essay is presented which discusses comedy and prose poetry in contemporary culture. The author looks at why prose poems have a generic predisposition toward comedy and suggests that prose poetry has the ability to endlessly reinvent itself and combine elements of parables, fables, and aphorism. Reflections are provided by the author on comedy and the prose poem.
The Prose Poetry Project: an introduction and five vignettes
Authors:   The Prose Poetry Project
Published: July 2021

The Prose Poetry Project (PPP) is comprised of a group of people who, working independently and collaboratively, focus on writing rather than analysing prose poems. Because of this, and because the PPP emerged out of practice and not out of scholarship, they have not paid much (explicit) attention to discussions about the definition of the prose poem, the structure of prose poems and what form can be considered poem rather than prose or fiction.
La necesaria perspectiva feminista en la enseñanza, interpretación y aplicación del Derecho
Authors: Salazar Benítez Octavio 
Published: July 2021

Introducción. Este artículo parte del reconocimiento del Derecho como estructura de poder, así como del carácter androcéntrico y patriarcal del Derecho y de la Ciencia Jurídica. Se aborda la urgencia de usar el género como herramienta de análisis en todos los procesos jurídicos y por parte de todos los operadores que intervienen en ellos. Objetivos. Demostrar la importancia de introducir la formación, y sensibilización, en dicha perspectiva en la enseñanza del Derecho y en la investigación jurídica. Ello habrá de tener una especial proyección en la aplicación e interpretación del Derecho, y, por tanto, en la garantía efectiva de los derechos humanos de las mujeres. Metodología. Análisis de la normativa vigente, de las aportaciones doctrinales iusfeministas, usando el género como categoría crítica. Resultados. Hemos constatado las enormes carencias en la formación y sensibilización con perspectiva feminista en el ámbito jurídico. Conclusiones y discusión. La urgencia de tomarnos en serio el “mainstreaming de género” en la docencia e investigación jurídicas.