bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation Into the Optical Emission of Features for Powder-bed Fusion Am Process Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Yan Wentao , Peng Xiaojun , Chen Zhangdong , Jiang Zimeng , Wang Di 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Process monitoring and control is an essential approach to improve additive manufacturing (AM) built quality. For the development of powder bed fusion (PBF) AM monitoring system, sensing process optical emission is a popular approach, as it provides rich information on melt pool condition which directly determines final part quality. However, the optical emission information is convoluted. And the lack of full understanding of it limits the further development of an optimal monitoring system. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the correlations between the optical emission and the processing condition to help enhance PBF process monitoring. A high-speed camera was used to acquire the images of the optical emission in the waveband of 800 nm – 1,000 nm. Several typical features were extracted and analyzed with the increase of laser power. The K-means clustering method was used to identify the hidden patterns of these features. The SVM model was built for quality identification. Five process patterns have been identified and therefore the collected dataset was partitioned into five subsets. The extracted features in each subset was characterized. It is found that plume area and plume orientation are the two most crucial features for processing condition monitoring. Number of spatters and spatter dispersion index are sensitive to some minor process vibrations which have little effect on built quality. Additionally, the time sequence information of the features can help improve the quality identification performance.
Ultrasound Gray Scale Ratio for the Differential Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma and Benign Micronodule in Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Han Zhijiang , Xie Lesi , Wei Peiying , Lei Zhikai , Ding Zhongxiang , Zhang Ming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose To investigate the diagnostic value of ultrasound gray scale ratio (UGSR) for differentiating papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs) and benign micronodules (BMNs) in patients with HT.Methods The ultrasound images of 285 PTMCs (in 247 patients) and 173 BMNs (in 140 patients) in the HT group, as well as 461 PTMCs (in 417 patients) and 234 BMNs (in 197 patients) in the non-HT group were retrospectively analyzed. All cases were confirmed by histological examinations. The gray scale values of the nodules and surrounding thyroid tissues were measured and subsequently the UGSR was calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used for determining the area under the curve (AUC), optimal UGSR threshold, sensitivity and specificity in differentiating PTMCs and BMNs in the two groups.Results The UGSRs of PTMCs and BMNs were 0.52±0.12 and 0.85±0.24 (P<0.001) in the HT group and 0.57±0.13 and 0.87±0.20 (P<0.001) in the non-HT group, respectively. The differences in the UGSRs of PTMCs were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001), whereas the difference in the UGSRs of BMNs was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.416). The AUC, optimal UGSR threshold, sensitivity and specificity of UGSR for differentiating PTMCs and BMNs in the HT and non-HT groups were 0.901 and 0.890, 0.727 and 0.687, 82.05% and 77.46% and 90.67% and 91.23%, respectively.Conclusions UGSR exhibits important diagnostic value for differentiating PTMCs from BMNs in both HT and non-HT groups, and the USGR was lower in the HT group compared with that in the non-HT group.
Identification of Potential Crucial Immune-related Genes and Key Pathways in Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Geng Lou , Zhang Xingming , Tang Yi , Gu Wenli 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic autoimmune oral mucosal disease which seriously affect the life quality of the patients. But till now, the exact etiology and pathogenesis of OLP still remains unclear. The aim of our study was to find the key molecules and pathway involved in the pathogenesis mechanisms of OLP, therefore, provide reference for identifying more effective therapeutic strategies for OLP. Data from GSE52130 were downloaded from GEO data sets for analysis, and a total of 255 differentially expressed genes were selected out. Then by means of a series of gene enrichment analysis, we illustrated that most of these important genes were enriched in the focal adhesion pathway and metabolism pathways. In addition, we also constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and identified 8 hub genes which may play the important role in the development of OLP, including THBS2, COL3A1, IGFBP3, COL1A2, COL1A1, PTGS2, IL1B, ARG1. Lastly, we also predicted transcription factors of these hub genes, then constructed the corresponding transcription regulatory network. Taken together, our data indicated that the focal adhesion pathway and metabolism pathways, as well as 8 crucial immune-related genes might be most likely involved in the development of OLP, which would provide important information and objective basis for elucidating the pathogenesis of OLP and providing more effective targeted immunotherapy strategies for OLP.
WITHDRAWN: Distance-Based Performance Evaluation of Two-Ray Ground and Free Space Propagation Models in Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET)
Authors: HUSSAIN ALTAF 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET) is a decentralized type of wireless network. The network is ad hoc because it does not rely on a pre-existing infrastructure, such as routers in wired networks or access points in managed wireless networks. One of the major issue and challenging area in MANET is the process of routing due to dynamic topologies and high mobility of mobile nodes. The efficiency and accuracy of a protocol depend on many parameters in these networks. In addition to other parameters node velocity and propagation models are among them. Calculating signal strength at the receiver is the responsibility of a propagation model while the mobility of nodes is responsible for the topology of the network. A huge amount of loss in performance is occurred due to the variation of signal strength at the receiver while increasing and decreasing the distance of nodes. In this paper, a novel approach is identified and portrayed of the said propagation models based on distance from each other. It has been analyzed to check distance based performance evaluation of Two Ray Ground and Free Space Radio Wave Propagation Models on the performance of Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing Protocol in MANET. The simulation has been carried out in (Network Simulator-2) NS-2 by using performance metrics that are Average Throughput (kpbs), Average Latency (milliseconds) and Average Packet Drop (packets). The results predicted that propagation models and mobility have a strong influence on the performance of AODV in considered distance based scenario.
Endogenous microRNA Triggered Enzyme-free DNA Logic Self-assembly for Amplified Bioimaging and Enhanced Gene Therapy via in Situ Generation of siRNAs
Authors: Jiang Qinghua , Yue Shuzhen , Yu Kaixin , Tian Tian , Zhang Jian , Chu Huijun , Cui Zhumei , Bi Sai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSmall interfering RNA (siRNA) has emerged as a kind of promising therapeutic agents for cancer therapy. However, the off-target effect and degradation are the main challenges for siRNAs delivery. Herein, an enzyme-free DNA amplification strategy initiated by a specific endogenous microRNA has been developed for in situ generation of siRNAs with enhanced gene therapy effect on cervical carcinoma.MethodsThis strategy contains three DNA hairpins (H1, H2/PS and H3) which can be triggered by microRNA-21 (miR-21) for self-assembly of DNA nanowheels (DNWs). Notably, this system is consistent with the operation of a DNA logic circuitry containing cascaded “AND” gates with feedback mechanism. Accordingly, a versatile biosensing and bioimaging platform is fabricated for sensitive and specific analysis of miR-21 in HeLa cells via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Meanwhile, since the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antisense and sense sequences are encoded in hairpin reactants, the performance of this DNA circuit leads to in situ assembly of VEGF siRNAs in DNWs, which can be specifically recognized and cleaved by Dicer for gene therapy of cervical carcinoma. ResultsThe proposed isothermal amplification approach exhibits high sensitivity for miR-21 with a detection limit of 0.25 pM and indicates excellent specificity to discriminate target miR-21 from the single-base mismatched sequence. Furthermore, this strategy achieves accurate and sensitive imaging analysis of the expression and distribution of miR-21 in different living cells. To note, compared to naked siRNAs alone, in situ siRNA generation shows a significantly enhanced gene silencing and anti-tumor effect due to the high reaction efficiency of DNA circuit and improved delivery stability of siRNAs.ConclusionThe endogenous miRNA-activated DNA circuit provides an exciting opportunity to construct a general nanoplatform for precise cancer diagnosis and efficient gene therapy, which has an important significance in clinical translation.
Corneal Densitometry in Bilateral Keratoconus Patients with Unilateral Corneal Vogt's Striae: A Contralateral Eye Study
Authors: Wei Shengsheng , Li Jing , Li Yong , Zhang Yaohua , Cai Yan , Du Jing , Liu Jianguo , Wang Yan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWe aimed to investigate corneal densitometry and correlations with corneal morphological parameters in bilateral keratoconus (KCN) patients with unilateral Vogt's striae.MethodsOne hundred and-twelve patients (224 eyes) with bilateral KCN and unilateral Vogt's striae were enrolled in this cross-sectional contralateral eye study. Corneal densitometry and morphological parameters were measured using Pentacam HR.ResultsOur study revealed that corneal densitometry values of the anterior 0–2 mm and 2–6 mm, intermediate 0–2 mm and 2–6 mm, posterior 2–6 mm, and total cornea 2–6 mm in eyes with Vogt’s striae were significantly higher than those in eyes without Vogt's striae (P < 0.05). The corneal densitometry values of the anterior 6–10 mm, posterior 0–2 mm, and total cornea 6–10 mm were significantly lower in eyes with Vogt's striae (P < 0.05). The corneal densitometry values in the anterior 0–2 mm and total cornea 2–6 mm were positively correlated with K1, K2, Km, Kmax, ACE, and PCE (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with CCT and TCT in eyes with Vogt's striae (P < 0.05). K2, Km, and Kmax were significantly correlated with densitometry values of the anterior 0–2 mm and the intermediate 0–2 mm in eyes without Vogt’s striae (P < 0.05). Corneal densitometry values of the anterior and intermediate layers in the central cornea were higher in KCN eyes with Vogt's striae than in eyes without Vogt's striae, and the densitometry values of the anterior corneal stroma in the central region of the cornea were higher than those of the peripheral cornea in KCN eyes with and without Vogt's striae.ConclusionsIn conclusion, these results indicate that Vogt's striae mainly occur on the anterior and intermediate layers during the progression of KCN.
Exosomal Mir-21 Derived from Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Angiogenesis by Activating SPRY1/PI3K/AKT Pathway and Contributes New Bone Formation in a Rat Model.
Authors: Zhang Yuntong , Li Xiaoqun , Xie Yang , Xia Yan , Wang Panfeng , Hao Zichen , Fang Shuo , Xu Shuogui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Delayed atrophic healing and non-union remain the most difficult types of complications to treat and can lead to numerous re-operations and high socioeconomic cost. Exosome derived from MSCs is a promising strategy in the treatment of fracture. However, it’s still not fully clear in the underlying mechanisms. Methods: In this study, we first elucidated the underlying mechanism of umbilical cord MSC (uMSC)-Exo-induced angiogenesis in bone regeneration and fracture repair. RT-PCR, luciferase reporter, western blot and immunofluorescence in situ hybridization assay were performed to identify the expression of related genes and pathways in uMSC-Exo. Proliferation, tube formation and transwell migration assay were used to evaluated the effects of uMSC-Exo in vitro. A rat calvarial defect model was used to evaluated the effects of uMSC-Exo in vivo.Results: We found that, miR-21 was the most abundant miRNA in the uMSC-Exos. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that, the uMSC-Exo could promote the migration, angiogenic and capacity of HUVECs via miR-21, inhibition of miR-21 could attenuate the effects of uMSC-Exos. For mechanical study, we found that, exosomal miR-21 derived from uMSCs activates PI3K/AKT signalling by targeting SPRY1 in HUVECs, SPRY1 knockdown could promote the PI3K/AKT activation and HUVEC proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. In addition, exosomal miR-21 derived from uMSCs enhanced local microvascular network formation and bone regeneration in vivo. ConclusionIn: In conclusion, we firstly reported that uMSC-derived exosomes as a ready-made regenerative medicine therapy to bone healing.
Assesment of Origin of Inflammation in the Destruction of the Vascular Wall in the Form of Outside-in or Inside-out in Amputated Diabetic Limbs
Authors: saberianpour shirin , Modaghegh Mohammad hadi saeed , Amoueian sakineh , shahri Jamal Jalili 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction and aimsThe traditional thought of vascular inflammation has been an “inside-out” reaction, concentrated on the monocyte adherence to the intima of blood vessels and the oxidative lipid hypotheses. The relevancy of the “outside-in” procedure in vascular disorders will be better clarified in future investigations. In this study, we tried to investigate the origin of inflammation in the form of outside-in and inside-out in the vascular wall of diabetic patients.Material and MethodsA random sampling technique was used to enroll patients in this pilot study (10 Samples). Specimens were prepared when the diabetic foot with lesion was mainly amputated from the tissue, comprising the dermal layer and muscle from the lesion site and the transitory site with a minimal 1 cm length, width, and height. The specimens were placed in pathology battles containing 10% formalin for pathological tests. Slides were stained based on the Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining Protocol, Elastin staining and Trichrome staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed for IL-1, IL-6, VECAM-1, PECAM-1 and 4-HNE markers.ResultsAccording to the results of pathological studies and the level of inflammatory markers, it was shown that in diabetic tissues with vascular damage, the source of inflammation is more from the wound and from outside the body than internal factors such as hyperglycemia. On the other hand, the same inflammation the wound can spread from the outer vascular layers of the adventitia to the inner layers of the intima vascular in the form of outside-in.ConclusionIt is concluded that the source of vascular wall-destroying inflammation is from the outside to the inside and according to the (outside- in) assumption in patients with diabetic foot, ulceration leads to limb amputation.
A 8-gene-methylation-based Signature for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prognosis
Authors: Wang Zihui , Yang Jingrun , Liu Lihong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), accounting for 6% of systemic malignant tumors, has an increasing incidence rate year by year worldwide. A large number of studies have investigated the tumor markers to determine clinical stage, prognosis, treatment evaluation, predict relapses, and overall survival of HNSCC patients, with controversial results. Methods In this paper, we comprehensively analyzed gene expression and DNA methylation data sets of HNSCC and adjacent non-tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Univariate cox regression analysis followed by sure independence screening (SIS) were used for identifying differential methylation signatures to stratify patients with significantly different prognosis. Results We identified methylation levels of HS3ST1，TOMM34，RPL26L1，MTHFD2，ORC1，MYOSLID，UHRF1 and AL357033.3 as potential HNSCC prognosis signatures, and verified the correlation between their gene expression and the corresponding methylation. Their reliability for predicting the prognosis of HNSCC was confirmed in an independent dataset. Conclusions In conclusion, we built a 8-gene-methylation-based signature which can well assess the prognosis of HNSCC patients.
Towards Next Generation of High-Performance Radio Frequency Passive Components for Beyond-5G, 6G and Super-IoT – Application of Response Surface Method to the Optimization of RF-MEMS Reconfigurable Power Attenuators
Authors: Iannacci Jacopo , Tagliapietra Girolamo , Bucciarelli Alessio 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The emerging paradigms of Beyond-5G, 6G and Super-IoT will demand for Radio Frequency (RF) passive components with pronounced performance, and RF-MEMS technology, i.e. Microsystem-based RF passives, is a good candidate to meet such a challenge. As known, RF-MEMS have a complex behavior, that crosses different physical domains (mechanical; electrical; electromagnetic), making the whole design optimization and trimming phases particularly articulated and time consuming. In this work, we propose a novel design optimization approach based on the Response Surface Method (RSM) statistical methodology, focusing the attention on a class of RF-MEMS-based programmable step power attenuators. The proposed method is validated both against physical simulations, performed with Finite Element Method (FEM) commercial software tools, as well as experimental measurements of physical devices. The case study here discussed features 3 DoFs (Degrees of Freedom), comprising both geometrical and material parameters, and aims at optimizing the RF performance of the MEMS attenuator in terms of attenuation (S21 Scattering parameter) and reflection (VSWR – Voltage Standing Wave Ratio). When validate, the proposed RSM-based method allows avoiding physical FEM simulations, thus making the design optimization considerably faster and less complex, both in terms of time and computational load.
Selection Stability in High Dimensional Statistical Modelling: Defining a Threshold for Robust Model Inference
Authors: Green Martin , Lima Eliana , Hyde Robert 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Epidemiological research commonly involves identification of causal factors from within high dimensional (wide) data, where predictor variables outnumber observations. In this situation, however, conventional stepwise selection procedures perform poorly. Selection stability is one method to aid robust variable selection, by refitting a model to repeated resamples of the data and calculating the proportion of times each covariate is selected. A key problem when applying selection stability is to determine a threshold of stability above which a covariate is deemed ‘important’. In this research we describe and illustrate a two-step process to implement a stability threshold for covariate selection. Firstly, covariate stability distributions were established with a permuted model (randomly reordering the outcome to sever the relationship with predictors) using a cumulative distribution function. Subsequently, covariate stability was estimated using the true model outcome and covariates with a stability above a threshold defined from the permuted model, were selected in a final model. The proposed method performed well across 22 varied, simulated datasets with known outcomes; selection error rates were consistently lower than conventional implementation of equivalent models. This method of covariate selection appears to offer substantial advantages over current methods, to accurately identify the correct covariates from within a large, complex parameter space.
Patients with Chromosome 11q-abberations are Characterized by a Combined Primary Immunodeficiency Involving Both B- and T-lymphocytes
Authors: Huisman Elisabeth Janneke , Brooimans A. Rick , Mayer Samone , Joosten Marieke , de Bont Louis , Dekker Mariëlle , Rammeloo Elisabeth L.M. , Smiers Frans J. , Hagen P. Martin Van , Zwaan C Michel , de Haas Masja , Cnossen Marjon H. , Dalm Virgil A.S.H. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Disorders of the long arm of chromosome 11 (11q) are rare and involve various chromosomal regions. Patients with 11q-disorders, including Jacobsen syndrome, often present with a susceptibility for bacterial, prolonged viral and fungal infections partially explained by hypogammaglobulinemia. Additional T-lymphocyte or granular neutrophil dysfunction may also be present. In order to evaluate infectious burden and immunological function in patients with 11q-disorders, we prospectively studied a cohort of 14 patients with various 11q aberrations. Clinically, 12 patients exhibited prolonged and repetitive respiratory tract infections, frequently requiring (prophylactic) antibiotic treatment (n=7), ear-tube placement (n=9) or use of inhalers (n=5). Complicated varicella infections (n=5), chronic eczema (n=6), warts and chronic fungal infections (n=4) were reported. Six patients were on immunoglobulin replacement therapy. We observed a high prevalence of low B-lymphocyte counts (n=8), decreased T-lymphocyte counts (n=5) and abnormal T-lymphocyte function (n=12). Granulocyte function was abnormal in 29% without an aberrant clinical phenotype. Immunodeficiency was found in patients with terminal and interstitial 11q-deletions and in one patient with 11q trisomy. Genetically, FLI1 and ETS1 are seen as causative for the immunodeficiency, but these genes were deleted nor duplicated in 5 of our 14 patients. Alternative candidate genes on 11q such as ATM, CD3-cluster, CBL and THYN1 may have a role in immune dysregulation in our patients. In conclusion, we present evidence that a combined primary immune deficiency may be present in patients with 11q-disorders leading to clinically relevant infections. Therefore, broad immunological screening and necessary treatment is of importance in this patient group.
CAV1 and VCL are Downregulated in Atherosclerotic Aortic Endothelial
Authors: zhang wei , Wu Jianping , Dong Jinyun , Li Wenwen , Wang Xinjie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common atherosclerotic vascular disease, and is one of the important factors leading to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.So far, the specific etiology and pathogenesis of AS have not been clarified, and further research is needed.Methods: Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the data set of GSE57691 and GSE137578 in normal and atherosclerotic arterial endothelial cells from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).Results: There are a total of 300 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the GSE57691 and GSE137578 datasets, which are mainly enriched in the focal adhesion signaling pathway (adj P<0.05).We identified 10 hub genes (ACTG2, CAV1, CALD1, CDC42, CCT2, CCT3, VCL, PPARG, POLR2F and TPM3) in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, of which 3 ( CAV1, CDC42 and VCL) Significantly enriched in the adhesion signaling pathway.In addition, a search in the BIOGPS database found that CAV1 and VCL are highly expressed in coronary arteries.Conclusions: In conclusion, bioinformatics technology has proved to be useful for screening and identifying novel biomarkers of diseases.300 DEGs and 10 hub genes were significantly enriched in atherosclerotic aortic endothelial cells, especially CAV1 and VCL genes.