bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-spectral beam control in multimode diode-pumped Raman fibre lasers via intracavity filtering and Kerr cleaning
Authors: Babin Sergey A. , Kuznetsov Alexey G. , Sidelnikov Oleg S. , Wolf Alexey A. , Nemov Ilya N. , Kablukov Sergey I. , Podivilov Evgeniy V. , Fedoruk Mikhail P. , Wabnitz Stefan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMultimode fibres provide a promising platform for boosting the capacity of fibre links and the output power of fibre lasers. The complex spatiotemporal dynamics of multimode beams may be controlled in spatial and temporal domains via the interplay of nonlinear, dispersive and dissipative effects. Raman nonlinearity induces beam cleanup in long graded-index fibres within a laser cavity, even for CW Stokes beams pumped by highly-multimode laser diodes (LDs). This leads to a breakthrough approach for wavelength-agile high-power lasers. However, current understanding of Raman beam cleanup is restricted to a small-signal gain regime, being not applicable to describing realistic laser operation. We solved this challenge by experimentally and theoretically studying pump-to-Stokes beam conversion in a graded-index fibre cavity. We show that random mode coupling, intracavity filtering and Kerr self-cleaning all play a decisive role for the spatio-spectral control of CW Stokes beams. Whereas the depleted LD pump radiation remains insensitive to them.
Glycan detecting tools developed from the Clostridium botulinum whole hemagglutinin complex
Authors: Tulin Ea Kristine Clarisse , Nakazawa Chiaki , Nakamura Tomomi , Saito Shion , Ohzono Naoki , Hiemori Keiko , Nakakita Shin-ichi , Tateno Hiroaki , Tonozuka Takashi , Nishikawa Atsushi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLectins are proteins with the ability to recognize and bind to specific glycan structures. These molecules play important roles in many biological systems and are actively being studied because of their ability to detect glycan biomarkers for many diseases. Hemagglutinin (HA) proteins from Clostridium botulinum type C neurotoxin complex; HA1, HA2, and HA3 are lectins that aid in the internalization of the toxin complex by binding to glycoproteins on the cell surface. HA1 mutants have been previously reported, namely HA1 W176A/D271F and HA1 N278A/Q279A which are specific to galactose (Gal)/N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) sugars, respectively. In this study, we utilized HA1 mutants and expressed them in complex with HA2 WT and HA3 WT to produce glycan detecting tools with high binding affinity. Particularly, two types were made: Gg and Rn. Gg is an Alexa 488 conjugated lectin complex specific to Gal and GalNAc, while Rn is an Alexa 594 conjugated lectin complex specific to Neu5Ac. The specificities of these lectins were identified using a glycan microarray followed by competitive sugar inhibition experiments on cells. In addition, we confirmed that Gg and Rn staining is clearly different depending on cell type, and the staining pattern of these lectins reflects the glycans present on the cell surface as shown in enzyme treatment experiments. The availability of Gg and Rn provide us with new promising tools to study Gal, GalNAc, and Neu5Ac terminal epitopes which can aid in understanding the functional role of glycans in physiological and pathological events.
3-D vascularized breast cancer model to study the role of osteoblast in formation of a pre-metastatic niche
Authors: Rimal Rahul , Desai Prachi , Marquez Andrea Bonnin , Sieg Karina , Marquardt Yvonne , Singh Smriti 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBreast cancer cells (BCCs) preferentially metastasize to bone. It is known that BCCs remotely primes the distant bone site prior to metastasis. However, the reciprocal influence of bone cells on the primary tumor is relatively overlooked. Here, to study the bone-tumor paracrine influence, a tri-cellular 3-D vascularized breast cancer tissue (VBCTs) model is engineered which comprised MDA-MB231, a triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC), fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. This is indirectly co-cultured with osteoblasts (OBs), thereby constituting a complex quad-cellular tumor progression model. VBCTs alone and in conjunction with OBs led to abnormal vasculature and reduced vessel density but enhanced VEGF production. A total of 1476 significantly upregulated and 775 downregulated genes are identified in the VBCTs exposed to OBs. HSP90N, CYCS, RPS27A, and EGFR are recognized as upregulated hub-genes. Kaplan Meier plot shows HSP90N to have a significant outcome in TNBC patient survivability. Furthermore, compared to cancer tissues without vessels, gene analysis recognized 1278 significantly upregulated and 566 downregulated genes in VBCTs. DKK1, CXCL13, C3 protein and BMP4 are identified to be downregulated hub genes in VBCTs. Together, a multi-cellular breast cancer model and culture protocols are established to study pre-metastatic events in the presence of OBs.
Pore architecture and particulate organic matter in soils under monoculture switchgrass and restored prairie in contrasting topography
Authors: Juyal Archana , Guber Andrey , Oerther Maxwell , Quigley Michelle , Kravchenko Alexandra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBioenergy cropping systems can substantially contribute to climate change mitigation. However, limited information is available on how they affect soil characteristics, including pores and particulate organic matter (POM), both essential components of the soil C cycle. The objective of this study was to determine effects of bioenergy systems and field topography on soil pore characteristics, POM, and POM decomposition under new plant growth. We collected intact soil cores from two systems: monoculture switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and native prairie, at two contrasting topographical positions (depressions and slopes), planting half of the cores with switchgrass. Pore and POM characteristics were obtained using X-ray computed micro-tomography (μCT) (18.2 µm resolution) before and after new switchgrass growth. Diverse prairie vegetation led to higher soil C than switchgrass, with concomitantly higher volumes of 30–90 μm radius pores and greater solid-pore interface. Yet, that effect was present only in the coarse-textured soils on slopes and coincided with higher root biomass of prairie vegetation. Surprisingly, new switchgrass growth did not intensify decomposition of POM, but even somewhat decreased it in monoculture switchgrass as compared to non-planted controls. Our results suggest that topography can play a substantial role in regulating factors driving C sequestration in bioenergy systems.
Reliability optimization of process parameters for marine diesel engine block hole system machining using improved PSO
Authors: Zhou Honggen , Yang Weibin , Sun Li , Jing Xuwen , Li Guochao , Cao Liping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe processing quality of the block hole system affects the working performance of the marine diesel engine block directly. Choosing an appropriate combination of process parameters is a prerequisite to improving the accuracy of the block hole system. Uncertain fluctuations of process parameters during the machining process would affect the process reliability of the block hole system, resulting in an ultra-poor accuracy. For this reason, the RBF method is used to establish the relationship between the verticality of the cylinder hole and process parameters, including cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate. The minimum cylinder hole verticality is taken as the goal and the process reliability constraints of the cylinder hole are set based on Monte Carlo, a reliability optimization model of processing parameters for cylinder hole is established in this paper. Meanwhile, an improved particle swarm algorithm was designed to solve the model, and eventually, the global optimal combination of process parameters for the cylinder hole processing of the diesel engine block in the reliability stable region was obtained.
High sensitivity hydrogen analysis in zircaloy-4 using helium-assisted excitation laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Pardede Marincan , Karnadi Indra , Hedwig Rinda , Tanra Ivan , Iqbal Javed , Marpaung Mangasi Alion , Suliyanti Maria Margaretha , Jobiliong Eric , Abdulmadjid Syahrun Nur , Idris Nasrullah , Khumaeni Ali , Shiddiq Muhandis , Rhizma Mario Gracio Anduinta , Lie Zener Sukra , Bilal Muhammad , Kurniawan Davy Putra , Lie Tjung Jie , Kurniawan Koo Hendrik , Kagawa Kiichiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh-sensitivity detection of hydrogen (H) contained in zircaloy-4, a commonly used material for nuclear fuel containers, is crucial in a nuclear power plant. Currently, H detection is performed via gas chromatography, which is an offline and destructive method. In this study, we developed a technique based on metastable excited-state He-assisted excitation to achieve excellent quality of H emission spectra in double-pulse orthogonal laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The production of metastable excited-state He atoms is optimized by using LiF as sub-target material. The results show a narrow full-width-at-half-maximum of 0.5 Å for the H I 656.2 nm emission line, with a detection limit as low as 0.51 mg/kg. Thus, using this novel online method, H in zircaloy-4 can be detected efficiently, even at very low concentrations.
A low molecular weight brown algae Laminaria japonica glycan modulation of gut microbiota and body weight in mice
Authors: Jin Zhen , Fang Zhifeng , Pei Zhangming , Wang Hongchao , Zhu Jinlin , Lee Yuan-kun , Zhang Hao , Zhao Jianxin , Lu Wenwei , Chen Wei 
Published: November 2021

Brown algae glycan from Laminaria japonica (LJNP) is a heterogeneous glycan composed of glucose and fucose, which drove Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides uniformis to regulate amino acid metabolism and glycometabolism.
CO2 treatment enables non-hazardous, reliable, and efficacious recovery of spent Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2 cathodes
Authors: Deng Longping , Xu Zhuijun , Wang Mengmeng , Shentu Huajian , Liu Xiang , Xiong Jianwei , Cheng Ya-Jun , Wang Chao , Zhou Mingjiong , Gao Jie , Xia Yonggao 
Published: November 2021

CO2 treatment enables to recover low-valent metal oxides from spent Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2 cathodes, which not only avoids the generation of explosive gases (H2) during the acid leaching, but also allows Li extraction by simple water leaching.
Exosomal miR-150 partially attenuated acute lung injury by mediating microvascular endothelial cells and MAPK pathway
Authors: Xu Jiaxin , Xu Dan , Yu Zhizhong , Fu Zhaohui , Lv Zheng , Meng Lei , Zhao Xin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a respiratory disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Currently, there is no effective treatment to complement mechanical ventilation. Exosomes and microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising agents for the management of this disease.
Methods: Exosomes were isolated from mouse bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs). The levels of two miRNAs, miR-542-3P and miR-150, in exosomes were determined using RT-PCR, and miR-150 was selected for further study. ALI model was established in mice using lipopolysaccharides, and then, they were treated with saline, exosomes, miRNA agomirs, or miRNA antagomirs. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and the number of neutrophils and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured. The wet/dry weight ratio of the lung tissue was calculated, and tissue pathology and apoptosis were observed using hematoxylin and eosin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining. CD34 and VE-cadherin expression was detected using immunofluorescence. Proteins associated with apoptosis and MAPK signaling were detected using Western blotting, and miR-150 expression in lung tissue was evaluated using RT-PCR.
Results: We successfully isolated BMSCs and exosomes and showed that the level of miR-150 was significantly higher than that of miR-542-3p. Exosomes and miR-150 reduced inflammation and lung edema while maintaining the integrity of the alveolar structure. They also mitigated microvascular endothelial cell injury by regulating the caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2, and MAPK signaling.
Conclusions: Exosomal miR-150 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI through the MAPK pathway.
Recent advances in understanding ion transport mechanisms in polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Sudarikova Anastasia V. , Vasileva Valeriia Y. , Sultanova Regina F. , Ilatovskaya Daria V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This review focuses on the most recent advances in the understanding of the electrolyte transport-related mechanisms important for the development of severe inherited renal disorders, autosomal dominant (AD) and recessive (AR) forms of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). We provide here a basic overview of the origins and clinical aspects of ARPKD and ADPKD and discuss the implications of electrolyte transport in cystogenesis. Special attention is devoted to intracellular calcium handling by the cystic cells, with a focus on polycystins and fibrocystin, as well as other calcium level regulators, such as transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channels, ciliary machinery, and purinergic receptor remodeling. Sodium transport is reviewed with a focus on the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and the role of chloride-dependent fluid secretion in cystic fluid accumulation is discussed. In addition, we highlight the emerging promising concepts in the field, such as potassium transport, and suggest some new avenues for research related to electrolyte handling.
Angiotensin II inhibition: a potential treatment to slow the progression of sarcopenia
Authors: Kingsley Jeffrey , Torimoto Keiichi , Hashimoto Tomoki , Eguchi Satoru 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as the progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, which is associated with increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality. The etiology of sarcopenia has been postulated to be multifactorial with genetics, aging, immobility, nutritional deficiencies, inflammation, stress, and endocrine factors all contributing to the imbalance of muscle anabolism and catabolism. The prevalence of sarcopenia is estimated to range from 13 to 24% in adults over 60 years of age and up to 50% in persons aged 80 and older. As the population continues to age, the prevalence of sarcopenia continues to increase and is expected to affect 500 million people by the year 2050. Sarcopenia impacts the overall health of patients through limitations in functional status, increase in hospital readmissions, poorer hospital outcomes, and increase in overall mortality. Thus, there exists a need to prevent or reduce the occurrence of sarcopenia. Here, we explore the potential mechanisms and current studies regarding angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on reducing the development of sarcopenia through the associated changes in cardiovascular function, renal function, muscle fiber composition, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic efficiency, and mitochondrial function.
Effects of Bolus Holding on Respiratory–Swallow Coordination in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Curtis James A. , Huber Jessica E. , Dakin Avery E. , Troche Michelle S. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:The aim of this study was to examine the effects of bolus holding on respiratory–swallow coordination (RSC) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD).Method:People with PD were prospectively recruited to undergo RSC assessment using simultaneous respiratory inductive plethysmography and flexible laryngoscopy. During RSC assessment, participants swallowed 5-ml thin liquid boluses during held and nonheld swallowing tasks. Measures of RSC were analyzed for each swallow, which included respiratory pause duration, lung volume at swallow initiation, respiratory phase patterning, and the presence of paradoxical respiratory movements. Multilevel statistical modeling was used to determine if differences in RSC were present between the held and nonheld tasks.Results:Thirty-three participants were enrolled. When compared to the nonheld swallows, the held swallows exhibited shorter respiratory pauses (p= .001,R2= .019), lower lung volumes at swallow initiation (p< .001,R2= .116), more frequent exhale–swallow–exhale patterns (p< .001,OR= 4.30), and less frequent paradoxical respiratory movements (p= .001,OR= 0.43).Conclusions:Findings from this study revealed that bolus holding significantly influences RSC in people with PD. This demonstrates that bolus holding may be an efficacious strategy to immediately improve RSC in PD. However, clinicians and researchers should consider avoiding bolus holding during swallowing evaluations if attempting to assess RSC behaviors that are most typical for the examinee.
Enhanced gradient learning for deep neural networks
Authors: Yan Ming , Yang Jianxi , Chen Cen , Zhou Joey Tianyi , Pan Yi , Zeng Zeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeep neural networks have achieved great success in both computer vision and natural language processing tasks. How to improve the gradient flows is crucial in training very deep neural networks. To address this challenge, a gradient enhancement approach is proposed through constructing the short circuit neural connections. The proposed short circuit is a unidirectional neural connection that back propagates the sensitivities rather than gradients in neural networks from the deep layers to the shallow layers. Moreover, the short circuit is further formulated as a gradient truncation operation in its connecting layers, which can be plugged into the backbone models without introducing extra training parameters. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the deep neural networks, with the help of short circuit connection, gain a large margin of improvement over the baselines on both computer vision and natural language processing tasks. The work provides the promising solution to the low‐resource scenarios, such as, intelligence transport systems of computer vision, question answering of natural language processing.
A low‐noise current‐reused CMOS active inductor by exploiting Gm‐boosting technique
Authors: Sabbaghi Abdollah , Ebrahimi Emad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis work introduces a new low‐noise current‐reused CMOS active inductor (AI) based on Gyrator‐C configuration. In the proposed AI, a simple common‐source amplifier is utilised for boosting effective Gm and improving noise performance of the AI. While the Gm‐boosting technique improves the noise performance as well as the quality factor of the inductor, a resistor is also added to the feedback path for more quality factor improvement. Rigorous analysis of the proposed circuit shows a significant noise performance and quality factor enhancement. In order to verify the concept and confirm the mathematical analysis, the AI is designed and simulated in a commercial 0.18 μm RF‐CMOS technology. The simulation results show that the proposed inductor operates in 1 to 7.2 GHz frequency range, has a 9 nH inductance at 2.864 GHz frequency and 650 μW total power dissipation at 1.8‐V supply voltage. Maximum quality factor of 90 is achieved at 2.864 GHz frequency and a quality factor greater than 40 is obtained from 2.4 to 3.3 GHz. The input‐referred current noise of the proposed inductor is as low as 22 showing 30.5% improvement compared to the conventional AI. The proposed AI is also tunable and sweeping the tuning voltage results in changing extracted inductance from 4.35 to 15.2 nH with only a chip area of 0.003 mm2. Post‐layout and different Monte Carlo simulation results also confirm the robust operation of the proposed AI against different process non‐idealities.
The role of asymmetries in coronal rain formation during thermal non-equilibrium cycles
Authors: Pelouze Gabriel , Auchère Frédéric , Bocchialini Karine , Froment Clara , Mikić Zoran , Soubrié Elie , Voyeux Alfred 
Published: November 2021

Context. Thermal non-equilibrium (TNE) produces several observables that can be used to constrain the spatial and temporal distribution of solar coronal heating. Its manifestations include prominence formation, coronal rain, and long-period intensity pulsations in coronal loops. The recent observation of abundant periodic coronal rain associated with intensity pulsations allowed for these two phenomena to be unified as the result of TNE condensation and evaporation cycles. On the other hand, many observed intensity pulsation events show little to no coronal rain formation.
Aims. Our goal is to understand why some TNE cycles produce such abundant coronal rain, while others produce little to no rain.
Methods. We reconstructed the geometry of the periodic coronal rain event, using images from the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUVI) onboard the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO), and magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI). We then performed 1D hydrodynamic simulations of this event for different heating parameters and variations of the loop geometry (9000 simulations in total). We compared the resulting behaviour to simulations of TNE cycles that do not produce coronal rain.
Results. Our simulations show that both prominences and TNE cycles (with and without coronal rain) can form within the same magnetic structure. We show that the formation of coronal rain during TNE cycles depends on the asymmetry of the loop and of the heating. Asymmetric loops are overall less likely to produce coronal rain, regardless of the heating. In symmetric loops, coronal rain forms when the heating is also symmetric. In asymmetric loops, rain forms only when the heating compensates for the asymmetry.