bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neural correlates of delay discounting in obesity and binge eating disorder
Authors: Miranda-Olivos Romina , Steward Trevor , Martínez-Zalacaín Ignacio , Mestre-Bach Gemma , Juaneda-Seguí Asier , Jiménez-Murcia Susana , Fernández-Formoso José A. , Vilarrasa Nuria , Veciana de las Heras Misericordia , Custal Nuria , Virgili Nuria , Lopez-Urdiales Rafael , Menchón José M. , Granero Roser , Soriano-Mas Carles , Fernandez-Aranda Fernando 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and aims
Increased delay discounting is associated with obesity and binge eating disorder (BED). Although BED and obesity frequently co-occur, the neural mechanisms underlying delay discounting in these conditions remain poorly understood.

Methods
Thirtyfive women with obesity, including 10 participants with obesity and BED and 31 controls completed a monetary delay discounting task during functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Results
We identified that increased discounting rates were associated with decreased activity in the left anterior insula in participants with obesity compared to controls when choosing immediate rewards over delayed rewards (P
FWE < 0.05). An exploratory analysis comparing the BED subsample to the other groups did not detect significant differences.

Discussion and conclusions
Our findings suggest decreased activity in the anterior insula may underlie heightened delay discounting in individuals with obesity, contributing the probability of choosing immediate rewards over delayed rewards based on emotional states. Future studies including larger, more diverse samples are required to confirm these effects.
Metode Dakwah Islam, Katolik dan Penghayat di Kelurahan Cigugur Kabupaten Kuningan
Authors: Alamsyah Fahmi , Suherdiana Dadan , Bahrudin Bahrudin 
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the method of Islamic da'wah, Catholic and Penghayat located in Cigugur Kuningan District. The theory used in this research is SWOT analysis theory and the comparison theory of da'wah to find the pros and cons of da'wah done in Cigugur District. The method of this research is qualitative method, in which researcher about the method of da'wah of the object studied. Technique of collecting data in this research is literature study, document study and interview. From the research results can be concluded that every teaching that lives in Cigugur have dynamics respectively. Even when viewed from the method and its system, the method of propagating the religion of Catholic is superior to other religions although the number is still lost by Islam. However, it can be understood also that in reality the believer has no special purpose of getting people into their beliefs. In fact, every year the believer continues to berkurng and adhere to the religion that call it "recognized" by the state.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode dakwah Islam, Khatolik dan Penghayat yang berada di Kelurahan Cigugur Kabupaten Kuningan. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis SWOT dan teori perbandingan dakwah untuk menemukan kelebihan dan kekurangan dakwah di Kelurahan Cigugur. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif, peneliti menulusuri mengenai metode dakwah dari objek yang diteliti. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan, studi dokumen dan wawancara. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa setiap ajaran yang hidup di cigugur memiliki dinamikanya masing-masing. Bahkan jika dilihat dari metode dan sistemnya, metode penyebaran agama Khatolik lebih unggul dari agama lainnya meskipun secara jumlah masih kalah oleh Islam. Akan tetapi, dapat dipahami juga bahwa ternyata penghayat tidak memiliki tujuan khusus mengajak orang-orang masuk kedalam kepercayaannya. Bahkan, setiap tahunnya penganut penghayat ini terus berkurng dan menganut pada agama yang sebut saja “diakui” oleh negara.
Strategi Dakwah Dalam Pengelolaan Komunitas Dhu’afa
Authors: Muryati Sri 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to find out the da'wah strategy and the results of the achievement of YPM-NH's missionary objectives in managing the poor community around the Arcamanik environment. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection is done by interview, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that YPM-NH in developing da'wah strategies, made actions: 1) YPM-NH missionary planning which included: strategic plans, tactical plans and operational plans. 2) The method of YPM-NH preaching is done by bi-al-hikmah method, bi al-maw'izah al-hasanah, al-hiwar and as-ilah wa ajwibah, 3) YPM-NH da'wah material is Islamic material in accordance with the Qur'an and hadith; 4) The speaker / agent of da'i) is all YPM-NH activists; 5) The resultss are: already good in terms of the role of the Nurul Hidayah mosque to build ukhuwah Islamiyah.
ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi dakwah dan hasil pencapaian tujuan dakwah YPM-NH dalam pengelolaan komunitas dhu’afa sekitar lingkungan Arcamanik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi.. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan YPM-NH dalam menyusun strategi dakwah dalam pengelolaan komunitas dhu’afa, membuat tindakan: 1) Perencanaan dakwah YPM-NH yang meliputi: rencana strategis dan rencana taktis serta rencana operasional. 2) Metode/cara dakwah YPM-NH dilakuakan dengan metode bi al-hal, bi al-hikmah, bi al-maw’izah al-hasanah, al-hiwar dan as-ilah wa ajwibah, 3) Materi dakwah YPM-NH yaitu materi keIslaman yang sesuai dengan Al-Qur’an dan hadits; 4) Nara sumber/pelaku dakwah (da’i) adalah seluruh aktivis YPM-NH; 5) Hasil/pencapaian adalah : sudah baik dalam hal peran masjid Nurul Hidayah untuk membangun ukhuwah Islamiyah.
Komunikasi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Kegiatan Program Keluarga Harapan
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Arifin Isep Zaenal , Sumpena Deden 
Published: May 2021

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the empowerment communication process in implementing the Family Hope Program (PKH) in an effort to prosper the Beneficiary Families (KPM) in Pasirmuncang Village, Caringin District, Bogor Regency and to find out the empowerment communication model used by the social companion Pasirmuncang Village in Caringin Subdistrict P2K2 implementation. The research method used in this study is phenomenology. The type of research data in this study uses qualitative, while the data sources in the study are divided into two parts, namely primary data sources and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques use three techniques, namely, observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis procedures include; data reduction, data dispay, and conclusion. The results showed that the Deliberation as a process of empowering communication in the Family Hope Program (PKH) Family Capability Improvement Meeting (P2K2), the communication model used in the Family Hope Program (PKH) Family Ability Enhancement Meeting (P2K2) is a dialogical and persuasive communication model with using a participatory approach so that there is cohesiveness and equality between social assistants and beneficiary families, namely both as subjects of empowerment. So that among those involved in communication there is no feeling of inferior and superior, and the results of their communication are considered as sharing.

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui proses komunikasi pemberdayaan dalam pelaksanaan PKH (Program Keluarga Harapan) dalam upaya mensejahterakan KPM (Keluarga Penerima Manfaat) di Desa Pasirmuncang Kecamatan Caringin Kabupaten Bogor serta untuk mengetahui model komunikasi pemberdayaan yang digunakan oleh pendamping sosial Desa Pasirmuncang Kecamatan Caringin dalam pelaksanaan P2K2 (Pertemuan Peningkatan Kemampuan Keluarga). Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah fenomenologi. Jenis data penelitian dalam penelitian ini mengunakan kualitatif sedangkan sumber data pada penelitian terbagi ke dalam dua bagian yakni sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tiga teknik yakni, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Prosedur analisis data di antaranya; reduksi data, dispay data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, Musyawarah sebagai proses komunikasi pemberdayaan dalam PKH (Program Keluarga Harapan) P2K2 (Pertemuan Peningkatan Kemampuan Keluarga), Model komunikasi yang digunakan dalam PKH (Program Keluarga Harapan) P2K2 (Pertemuan Peningkatan Kemampuan Keluarga)adalah model komunikasi dialogis dan persuasif dengan menggunakan pendekatan partisipatoris sehingga adanya kekompakan dan kesetaraan antara pendamping sosial dengan keluarga penerima manfaat, yakni sama-sama sebagai subyek pemberdayaan. Sehingga diantara mereka yang terlibat komunikasi tidak ada perasaan inferior dan superior, dan hasil komunikasinya dianggap sebagai sharing.
Somatic PKD2 Mutations in Individual Kidney and Liver Cysts Support a “Two-Hit” Model of Cystogenesis in Type 2 Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: PEI YORK , WATNICK TERRY , HE NING , WANG KAIRONG , LIANG YAN , PARFREY PATRICK , GERMINO GREGORY , GEORGE-HYSLOP PETER ST. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
An intriguing feature of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the focal and sporadic formation of renal and extrarenal cysts. Recent documentation of somatic PKD1 mutations in cystic epithelia of patients with germ-line PKD1 mutations suggests a “two-hit” model for cystogenesis in type 1 ADPKD. This study tests whether the same mechanism for cystogenesis might also occur in type 2 ADPKD. Genomic DNA was obtained from 54 kidney and liver cysts from three patients with known germ-line PKD2 mutations, using procedures that minimize contamination of cells from noncystic tissue. Using intragenic and microsatellite markers, these cyst samples were screened for loss of heterozygosity. The same samples were also screened for somatic mutations in five of the 15 exons in PKD2 by single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis. Loss of heterozygosity was found in five cysts, and unique intragenic mutations were found in seven other cysts. In 11 of these 12 cysts, it was also determined that the somatic mutation occurred nonrandomly in the copy of PKD2 inherited from the unaffected parent. These findings support the “two-hit” model as a unified mechanism for cystogenesis in ADPKD. In this model, the requirement of a somatic mutation as the rate-limiting step for individual cyst formation has potential therapeutic implications.
Pronatriodilatin Gene Polymorphisms, Microvascular Permeability, and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: NANNIPIERI MONICA , PENNO GIUSEPPE , PUCCI LAURA , COLHOUN HELEN , MOTTI CORRADINO , BERTACCA ANNA , RIZZO LOREDANA , DE GIORGIO LAMBERTO , ZERBINI GIAMPAOLO , MANGILI RUGGERO , NAVALESI RENZO 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Approximately 30% of diabetic patients develop nephropathy, the appearance of which is partially under genetic control. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has associated physiologic effects on the kidney. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between a newly identified and known polymorphism at the pronatriodilatin (PND) gene locus and renal involvement in type 1 diabetic subjects. Of 454 type 1 diabetic patients (219 men, 235 women), 323 showed no sign of nephropathy, 79 had incipient renal involvement, and 52 established nephropathy; 58 healthy control subjects were examined for comparison. Allele frequencies (C708
versus T708) were: 0.95 and 0.05 in normoalbuminuric patients, respectively; 0.88 and 0.12 in microalbuminuric patients; 0.96 and 0.04 both in those with overt nephropathy and in healthy control subjects (P = 0.011). Patients with incipient nephropathy were in disequilibrium compared with the total diabetic cohort (P = 0.02). In the same populations, an additional genotype for ScaI polymorphism of the PND gene was tested. The A1 and A2 allele frequencies were: 0.21 and 0.79 in normoalbuminuric patients; 0.13 and 0.87 in microalbuminuric patients; 0.06 and 0.94 in type 1 diabetic subjects with overt nephropathy; and 0.20 and 0.80 in healthy control subjects, respectively (P < 0.0001). A subset of 55 normotensive patients with type 1 diabetes, well matched for clinical features, plasma ANP levels, and microvascular permeability to macromolecules, was investigated on the basis of the C708/T and A2/A1 polymorphisms. Both transcapillary escape rate of albumin (TERalb) and plasma ANP levels were significantly lower in patients with the T708 than with C708 allele, as well as in the A1 than in A2 allele (TERalb: T708
versus C708: 5.5 ± 1.7 versus 7.8 ± 2.0%/h, P = 0.0001; plasma ANP levels: 8.3 ± 3.9 versus 15.3 ± 7.7 pg/ml, P = 0.0003; A1
versus A2: 6.05 ± 2.2 versus 7.3 ± 2.1%/h, P = 0.044; 8.53 ± 4.6 versus 14.5 ± 7.4 pg/ml, P = 0.0024, respectively). Thus, in a large ethnically homogeneous cohort of diabetic subjects, our data show: (1) a significant association of C708/T polymorphism with microalbuminuria in long-term diabetes and with both lower plasma ANP levels and widespread albumin leakage; and (2) a strong association between ScaI polymorphism and both diabetic nephropathy and plasma ANP concentrations. These results suggest a possible role of PND gene in conferring protection from nephropathy and microvascular damage in type 1 diabetes.
Postnatal Time Frame for Renal Vulnerability to Enalapril in Rats
Authors: GURON GREGOR , MARCUSSEN NIELS , NILSSON ANNIKA , SUNDELIN BIRGITTA , FRIBERG PETER 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade in neonatal, but not in weaned, rats induces irreversible renal histologic abnormalities and an impaired urinary concentrating ability. The aim of the present study was to define the postnatal time frame when the rat kidney is vulnerable to an interruption of the renin-angiotensin system. Male Wistar rats received daily injections of enalapril (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) during different age intervals within 3 to 24 d of age. Fluid handling and urinary concentrating ability, renal function under pentobarbital anesthesia, and kidney histology using stereologic techniques were evaluated in adult rats. Enalapril treatment within 3 to 13 d after birth induced abnormalities in renal function and morphology long-term, whereas treatment initiated at 14 d of age did not. The main histologic alterations were papillary atrophy, and a reduction in the volume of tubular epithelial cells in association with an increase in the proportion of interstitium, throughout the cortex and outer medulla. Functionally, the predominant defect was an impairment in urinary concentrating ability, which correlated with the degree of papillary atrophy. In conclusion, the vulnerable age interval for the induction of irreversible renal abnormalities by enalapril was the first 13 d after birth in the rat. This postnatal time span coincides with the completion of nephrogenesis and a period of marked tubular growth and differentiation, suggesting a pivotal role for angiotensin II in these processes.
Apolipoprotein E2/E5 Variants in Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy Recurred in Transplanted Kidney
Authors: MIYATA TOSHIO , SUGIYAMA SATOSHI , NANGAKU MASAOMI , SUZUKI DAISUKE , URAGAMI KEN-ICHI , INAGI REIKO , SAKAI HIDETO , KUROKAWA KIYOSHI 
Published: May 2021

Abstract.
Lipid abnormalities are associated with various disorders ranging from generalized atherosclerosis to renal diseases, including lipoprotein glomerulopathy that is characterized by glomerular lipoprotein thrombi and causes type III hyperlipoproteinemia, proteinuria, and renal failure. This study examines lipoprotein glomerulopathy, which recurred in a transplanted kidney. Molecular biologic analysis of the patient's apolipoprotein (apo) E gene demonstrated E2/E5 type variants. Immunohistochemical analysis of the diseased kidney demonstrated various lipid peroxidation-specific protein adducts, suggesting a potential role of oxidative stress in this disorder. Recurrence in the transplanted kidney suggested a pathogenic role of extraglomerular humoral component(s) resulting from abnormal lipoprotein metabolism, presumably linked to apo E and other genetic or acquired factor(s). Furthermore, the finding that the patient showed pathologic abnormalities in the transplanted kidney with no clinical signs or symptoms of renal disease indicated that lipoprotein glomerular damage progresses early before any clinical manifestations.
Reliability of Notary Deals Issuing Authentic Assets Using Electronic Networks
Authors: Binsneyder Meike 
Published: May 2021

This study uses normative research because this research is only aimed at the study of various written regulations. Referring to the provisions of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Position of Notary Public (Law No.2-2014), it’s known that Notaries have an important role and function in determining the validity of transactions in Indonesia. Even the Notary is also known as a trusted third party. Likewise, in the scope of the task of carrying out the position of a Notary, namely providing the evidence needed by the parties in a certain legal action, and the evidence is at the level of civil law, where the Notary prepares a deed because of a request from the attending parties. Without requests and requests from the parties, the Notary will not make any deeds, and in making the intended deeds, taking into account the evidence or statements or statements of the parties that are stated or explained or shown before the Notary. Then the Notary prepares systematically, straight forwardly, formally and materially in the form of a Notary deed. Conflict of norms between Article 15 paragraph (3) and Article 16 paragraph (1) letter m of Law no. 2 of 2014 can be completed by continuing to use Article 15 Number (3) of Law no. 2 of 2014 and can also make a notary deed in general as long as the implementation of the article is in accordance with Article 16 paragraph (1) letter m and Article 38 of Law No. 2 of 2014 and must also meet the elements in Article 1868 of the Civil Code which is a requirement for the authenticity of the deed.
Notary Position in Statement of Decision on the Amendment of the Basic Budget of the Foundation
Authors: Kholil Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

This type of research used in this research is normative legal research. By using primary and secondary legal materials, along with tertiary legal materials as supporting materials. According to Article 9 paragraph (2) of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2001 concerning Foundations (Law 16/2001), the founding deed of a Foundation must be made before a Notary (Notariil) and therefore must be an authentic deed. Deeds of establishment or amendments to the foundation, the articles of association of the foundation must be notarized before a notary public. Considering that the establishment of a foundation has formal requirements, the status of a foundation's legal entity can only be obtained when the deed of establishment is legalized by the Minister of Justice as mentioned in Article 11 paragraph (1). The recognition of the existence of a foundation in a foundation law is motivated by the existence of a legal vacuum and restores the function of the foundation. A foundation is a form of non-profit legal entity in the socio-religious, educational, and related to other social activities. Amendments to the Articles of Association of a Foundation in its establishment are determined by two aspects, First, the aspect of the decision and the aspect of legality.
Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Jamur Endofit Penicillium oxalicum Hasil Isolasi dari Spons Homaxinella tanitai
Authors: Sari Ni Putu Diah Parwita , Cahyo Bian Dwi , Sugijanto Noor Erma Nasution , Suciati Suciati 
Published: May 2021

Pendahuluan: Jamur endofit yang berasal dari biota laut spons diketahui sebagai sumber penghasil berbagai jenis metabolit sekunder. Metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan telah dilaporkan memiliki beberapa bioaktivitas termasuk sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etil asetat dan fraksi dari jamur endofit Penicillium oxalicum yang diisolasi dari spons Homaxinella tanitai terhadap bakteri Gram positif Staphyloccus aureus dan Bacillus subtilis serta bakteri Gram negatif Eschericia coli. Metode: Identifikasi jamur endofit dilakukan berdasarkan sekuensing dari 28S rRNA. Jamur endofit P. oxalicum ditumbuhkan pada media malt extract. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode partisi cair-cair dengan pelarut etil asetat. Fraksinasi dari ekstrak etil asetat dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi kolom cepat. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak dan fraksi dilakukan dengan metode mikrodilusi dan difusi agar. Skrining golongan senyawa pada ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode KLT yang divisualisasi dengan berbagai penampak noda serta menggunakan spektroskopi 1H NMR. Hasil: Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat P. oxalicum memberikan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap B. subtilis dan E. coli dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) 250 µg/mL dan menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus dengan KHM 500 µg/mL. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri dari fraksi pada konsentrasi 100 µg/cakram menunjukkan aktifitas penghambatan yang sedang terhadap ketiga bakteri uji. Berdasarkan hasil KLT dan spektroskopi 1H NMR, dapat diketahui bahwa ekstrak etil asetat P. oxalicum mengandung senyawa terpenoid dan polifenol. Kesimpulan: Jamur endofit P. oxalicum yang diisolasi dari spons H. tanitai menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif.
Optimasi Kadar Awal, Waktu Kontak dan Berat Biomassa pada Proses Biosorpsi Cu2+ Menggunakan Cangkang Lorjuk
Authors: Hajar Syarifa , Sugijanto Noor Erma Nasution , Kartosentono Sugijanto 
Published: May 2021

Pendahuluan: Cangkang kerang pisau (Solen vagina) dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan sekitarnya, tetapi berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi biosorben dalam penyerapan logam berat khususnya Cu karena umumnya cangkang kerang mengandung CaCO3 dan kitin. Beberapa variabel yang berperan dalam proses biosorpsi, antara lain: konsentrasi awal logam, massa biosorben, dan waktu kontak. Tujuan: Untuk menentukan pengaruh konsentrasi awal Cu (II), massa biosorben, dan waktu kontak terhadap proses biosorpsi melalui data persentase efisiensi dan kapasitas adsorpsi. Metode: Proses biosorpsi dilakukan dalam berbagai variasi parameter dengan memasukkan biosorben dan larutan Cu (II) dalam kolom, sesuai masing-masing variasi yang telah ditentukan dan dilakukan penyaringan. Pengukuran kadar Cu (II) secara kuantitatif dari hasil proses biosorpsi menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)­. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biosorben cangkang lorjuk mengandung Cu (II) 0,0220 mg/g. Kadar Cu (II) dalam cangkang tersebut digunakan sebagai faktor koreksi. Hasil optimal untuk parameter konsentrasi awal Cu (II) adalah 100 mg/L dengan persentase efisiensi (98,47 + 0,19)% dan kapasitas adsorpsi (630,37 + 1,2)ug/g. Hasil optimal waktu kontak adalah 120 menit dengan persentase efisiensi (90,78 + 0,25)%. Hasil optimal massa biosorben berdasarkan persentase efisiensi (97,69 + 0,1)% adalah 2 gram. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini dapat menunjukkan bahwa serbuk dari cangkang kerang pisau (Solen vagina) dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai biosorben yang efektif untuk adsorpsi tembaga (Cu) dari larutan. Hasil optimasi faktor terbaik untuk digunakan dalam proses biosorpsi Cu (II) yaitu konsentrasi awal 100 mg/L, massa biosorben 2 gram dan waktu kontak 120 menit.