bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary vitamin D intake and food sources of US and Canadian population
Authors: Jonnalagadda Satya S , Albertson Ann M. , Joshi Nandan , Moore Kathy , Sharma Bhavna , Culp Julie M. 
Published: June 2021

Objective was to determine vitamin D intake and food sources in US (n=7837) and Canadian (n=4025) populations using 7‐ or 14‐d food intake data from a nationally representative population. Mean vitamin D intake ranged from 3.7 to 6.0 mcg/d. One‐third of the 2–50 y age groups met their AI for vitamin D, except US women, 19–50 y, where only 23% met their AI. Less than 10% of individuals over the age of 50 y met their AI for vitamin D. The top 10 food sources of vitamin D in the diets of U.S. participants were milk, meat, fish, eggs, ready‐to‐eat (RTE) cereal, pasta and rice, dairy and non‐dairy frozen desserts, poultry, shellfish, and vegetable recipes; among the Canadian participants they were milk, meat, fish, margarine, eggs, egg recipes, pasta and rice, dairy and non‐dairy frozen desserts, vegetable recipes, and soups. Participants who frequently consumed RTE cereal had significantly higher total vitamin D intake vs. those who did not consume or were infrequent consumers. Frequent breakfast consumers had significantly higher vitamin D intake vs. those who did not consume breakfast or were infrequent consumers. Given the inadequate intake of vitamin D, emphasis needs to be put on increasing dietary sources of vitamin D, including vitamin D fortified foods, to help individuals meet the vitamin D dietary recommendations.Funding: General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN
Genotype and diet alter carotenoid bioaccumulation and the expression of carotenoid cleavage enzymes in CMO‐I KO, CMO‐II KO, and wild‐type mice
Authors: Ford Nikki Ann , Clinton Steven K. , von Lintig Johannes , Erdman John W. 
Published: June 2021

Two primary enzymes are involved in carotenoid metabolism, carotenoid monooxygenase I (CMO‐I) and carotenoid monooxygenase II (CMO‐II). Evidence suggests &#946;‐carotene is centrally cleaved by CMO‐I to form vitamin A. We hypothesize that acyclic carotenoids, like lycopene, are eccentrically cleaved by CMO‐II. We investigated carotenoid bioaccumulation in adult male wild‐type (WT) mice or mice lacking either CMO‐I or CMO‐II. Mice consumed a control AIN‐93G diet or AIN‐93G diets with 10% tomato powder, 100mg lycopene/kg diet (DSM beadlets) or placebo beadlets for 4 or 30 days. Lycopene accumulated in CMO‐II KO mouse tissues while &#946;‐carotene accumulated in CMO‐I KO mouse tissues thus supporting our hypothesis. RNA expression of CMO‐I and CMO‐II in response to diet and/or genotype was evaluated by RT‐PCR (ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc analysis). We observed tissue specific expression patterns that show significant interactions between diet and genotype. For example, tomato powder feeding decreased CMO‐II expression in livers of WT mice, but increased expression in CMO‐I KO mice. Interestingly, CMO‐II, but not CMO‐I, showed detectable expression in the prostate and was significantly lower in CMO‐I KO mice compared to WT mice. Overall, diet and genotype alter tissue expression of key carotenoid cleavage enzymes. Supported by NIH grant PHS‐1‐RO1 CA125384.Grant Funding Source: NIH grant PHS‐1‐RO1 CA125384
Dietary cotton‐seed oil attenuates secretion of adhesion molecules by Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC)
Authors: Sundaresan Sinju , Sodhani Shradha , Vijayagopal Parakat , Mills Nathaniel , Imrhan Victorine , Prasad Chandan 
Published: June 2021

We investigated the effect of post‐prandial HDL isolated from healthy females consuming a single high‐fat meal rich in cotton seed oil (CSO) on TNF‐α stimulated soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule (sICAM‐1) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule (VCAM‐1) expressions in HUVEC. In a randomized cross‐over design, eleven healthy females consumed 1 of 2 iso‐caloric meals containing either CSO or blended palm oil (BPO) (1 g of fat/kg BW). Blood was drawn at 0, 3 and 6 hrs after meal and HDL isolated by sequential centrifugation. HUVEC incubated with TNF‐α were treated with HDL (2, 4, 8 μg/mL) and protein expression of adhesion molecules secreted were determined by Western blotting. Serum TNF‐α, oxidized LDL, sICAM‐1, and sVCAM‐1 were determined by ELISA. One‐way repeated ANOVA was performed to determine differences between three time periods and two groups. HDL isolated from CSO but not BPO attenuated expression of sICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1, in a dose‐dependent manner. Levels of oxidized LDL in the CSO were significantly lower than the BPO (p<0.05). The CSO‐mediated attenuation of adhesion molecule expression should reduce the adherence of inflammatory cells to the vascular endothelium, thus reducing the risk for cardiovascular disease.Supported by Texas Department of Agriculture
Pharmacokinetics of dietary equol in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Legette LeeCole L , Prasain Jeevan , Arabshahi Alireza , Barnes Stephen , Weaver Connie M 
Published: June 2021

Recent findings indicate that soy isoflavones and their metabolites may play a major role in mitigating post‐menopausal bone loss. Equol, a metabolite of soy isoflavone daidzein produced by intestinal bacteria, has shown some potential but only 30–50% of US population is capable of converting dietary daidzein to equol. There is limited data on the pharmacokinetics of dietary equol and its metabolites. This study was conducted to assess the levels of equol and its conjugates in plasma for a 24h period resulting from oral administration of dietary equol in ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats. Plasma samples were analyzed for using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Although the majority of equol metabolites present were glucronidated conjugates (≥99%), there were low levels of sulfated conjugates present, specifically equol monosulfate. Pharmacokinetic parameters for equol monosulfate were: Cmax (21±7 nmol/L), Tmax (2.8±2h), AUC0‐t (237±79 nmol h/L), AUC0‐inf (600±390 nmol h/L), T1/2 (32±24h). Pharmacokinetic parameters for glucronidated equol were: Cmax (10.5±2.9μmol/L), Tmax (0.88±0.75h), AUC0‐t (11±14 μmol h/L), AUC0‐inf (179±14 μmol h/L), and T1/2 (16±3h).Grant Funding Source: NIH
Effects of Green Tea and EGCG on IL‐8 Inflammatory Responses in LPS and TNF‐α‐Induced, Differentiated HT‐29 Human Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Story Erica , Harris Gabriel 
Published: June 2021

Colon cancer incidence has been linked to inflammation and lifestyle factors, including diet. Green tea (GT) and epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), the main flavonoid component of GT, have been reported to have anti‐inflammatory and cancer preventive effects in numerous model systems. Populations that consume GT have been found to have a reduced risk of colon cancer incidence, which is the reason for exploring the anti‐inflammatory effects of GT in this study. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of GT or EGCG on inflammation in a human colon cancer (HT‐29) cell line. Aqueous GT and EGCG extracts were prepared and matched for total phenol content by the Folin‐Ciocalteu method. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Differentiation was induced by sodium butyrate and confirmed by the alkaline phosphatase assay. Inflammation was induced in the HT‐29 cells by LPS 0127:B8 (1 ng/ml) and TNF‐α(100 pg/ml). Interleukin 8 (IL‐8) concentration was measured by ELISA. Results of the IL‐8 ELISA indicate that increasing levels of GT (0.005, 0.01 and 0.05 mg/ml) and EGCG (0.005, 0.01 and 0.05 mg/ml) cause a dose dependent decreases in IL‐8 concentrations after co‐treatment with LPS and TNF‐α. GT and EGCG demonstrated anti‐inflammatory effects in this cell line, suggesting potential benefits relative to human colon cancer.This project was supported by the people of the state of North Carolina.Grant Funding Source: North Carolina State Appropriations
Changes in small molecular weight biomarkers identified by NMR spectroscopy in response to dietary treatment with two conjugated linoleic acid isomers (c9,t11; t10,c12) in a murine collagen‐induced arthritis model
Authors: Huebner Shane , Butz Daniel E , Campbell James P , Cook Mark E , Assadi‐Porter Fariba 
Published: June 2021

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to have anti‐inflammatory properties in a mouse model of collagen‐induced arthritis. After 42 days of dietary treatment, mice fed 0.5% c9,t11 or t10,c12 CLA exhibited reductions in clinical arthritic score (29% and 41% respectively) and paw swelling (36% and 73% respectively) compared to corn oil fed arthritic mice. The objective was to measure changes in metabolic responses to chronic arthritic inflammation while determining how the anti‐inflammatory properties of dietary c9,t11 and t10,c12 CLA might improve or restore metabolic processes near normalcy as reporters of improved clinical signs of arthritis. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was utilized to profile changes in plasma metabolites between each treatment of arthritic and non‐arthritic mice. Total plasma amino acid levels (TAA) were significantly lower (33%, p<0.05) in arthritic corn oil fed mice compared to non‐arthritic mice in response to chronic inflammation. Although both CLA isomer treatments increased TAA in arthritic mice, only t10,c12 CLA restored TAA to normalcy of non‐arthritic mice. The improvement in plasma TAA in response to dietary treatment with c9,t11 or t10,c12 CLA reflect the intensity of each CLA isomer's anti‐inflammatory actions in clinical arthritic score and paw swelling.This research was supported by a Hatch grant (142‐PRJ16AU‐4).Grant Funding Source: Hatch grant (142‐PRJ16AU‐4)
Transcription factor HBP1 functions as a regulator of adipocyte differentiation
Authors: Chan Chien‐Yi , Chang Feng‐Tzu , Hung Hsiao‐Chi , Huang Chun‐Yin 
Published: June 2021

Adipocyte differentiation is a complex process, involving many transcription factors. The transcription factor HBP1, a cell cycle inhibitor, is highly expressed in the adipose tissue in rat, but its role in adipocyte differentiation is not clear. The objective of the current study is to determine HBP1 as a regulator of adipocyte differentiation. We found that HBP1 expression was not increased until the late stage in 3T3‐L1 differentiation. HBP1 knockdown with either HBP1 siRNA or shRNA in 3T3‐L1 cells accelerated cell growth in the Mitotic Clonal Expansion (MCE) stage, but impaired adipogenesis, suggesting that increased HBP1 expression in the terminal differentiation stage is needed for full adipogenesis. We then hypothesized HBP1 as a potential PPAR£^target during the terminal differentiation stage. GW9662 (PPAR£^antagonist) inhibited HBP1 promoter activity and decreased HBP1 mRNA expression, whereas TZD (PPAR£^agonist) activated HBP1 promoter. Taken together, HBP1 seems to function as a stage‐specific regulator during adipocyte differentiation. These findings will help characterize HBP1 as a novel biomarker for adipocyte differentiation and a potential biological target in obesity intervention.Grant Funding Source: CMU95‐206
Obesity Induces Tissue‐Specific Changes in Lipid Peroxidation Defense Enzymes
Authors: Picklo Matthew J. , Idso Joseph 
Published: June 2021

Lipid peroxidation is thought to be a component of obesity‐induced pathology. However, the tissue‐dependent changes in lipid peroxidation (LOOH) and LOOH defense mechanisms in response to obesity are unclear. In this work, we utilized 14‐week old male, obese Zucker rats and their control, lean littermates and measured levels of LOOH and LOOH defense enzymes in liver, visceral (peri‐renal) fat and sub‐cutaneous fat. Hepatic 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE) protein adducts (a measure of LOOH) were elevated (12%) in the obese rats versus controls; whereas obesity significantly decreased HNE protein adducts (54%) in visceral fat. There was no effect of obesity upon the activities of the LOOH defense enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S‐transferase, and mitochondrial class 2 and 5 aldehyde dehydrogenases in these tissues. On the other hand, class 3 aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was significant decreased (23%) in liver and adipose depots (>80%) in the obese rats. Specific activities of all LOOH defense enzymes were higher in liver than in adipose tissues in lean and obese animals. These data demonstrate that obesity has tissue‐dependent effects upon lipid peroxidation and LOOH inhibitory enzymes.Supported by USDA/ARS
Family dysfunction and obesity in children aged 6 to 9 years old in Guadalajara, Mexico
Authors: Romero‐Velarde Enrique , Sandoval‐Montes Imelda , Vásquez‐Garibay Edgar , González‐Rico José Luis , Martínez‐Ramírez Héctor , Sánchez‐Talamantes Eva , Troyo‐Sanromán Rogelio 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo identify the association between family dysfunction and obesity in children 6 to 9 years old.MethodsCase‐control study that included children with obesity (cases, n = 64) with body mass index (BMI)> 95th percentile and triceps skinfold (TSF)> 90th percentile; and a control group (n = 120) with BMI less than the 85th percentile and TSF <90th percentile. Anthropometric measurements were made and a questionnaire assessing 8 areas of family dynamics was applied. We compared the frequency of family dysfunction among cases and controls with the x2 test and its association with obesity through the odds ratio.ResultsThe categories “probably dysfunctional” and “dysfunctional” were more common in children with obesity, but the differences were not significant. The score of the areas “Dynamics of parents as a couple” (p = 0.053) and “Structure of authority in the family” (p = 0.061) were higher in the control (non‐obese) group.ConclusionsAlthough no association was found between family dysfunction and obesity, we found a tendency to obesity in dysfunctional families. It is necessary to clarify whether these alterations can lead to an obesigenic environment. With support from the University of Guadalajara.
Using fitness devices and GPS (global positioning systems) technology in measuring energy expenditure and distance walked over flat and incline surfaces
Authors: Reed Rebecca G. , Mosqueda Martha I. , Going Scott B. , Orr Barron J. , Hongu Nobuko 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of five fitness devices (one GPS watch, two types of pedometers, and two types of accelerometers) in estimating distance and energy expenditure (EE), as compared to criterion values, while traversing two different surfaces: flat and inclined. All five devices are worn by each participant for each trial. For the flat surface, participants walked at two different speeds (5 km/hr, 3 km/hr) on a 400‐m outdoor track. For each speed, participants completed three 6‐minute trials. For the incline surface, participants climbed stadium stairs at 5 km/hr for approximately one minute and at 3 km/hr for approximately two minutes. To determine how much each device varies from the criterions (measuring tape for distance and RT3 accelerometer for EE) the difference between the participants’ mean scores and the criterion was calculated. Seven females and seven males (mean ± SD; age 22.1 ± 2.1 yr, mass 71.40 ± 15.91 kg, height 171.27 ± 12.47 cm, BMI 23.57 ± 2.84) participated in the study. All devices underestimated EE below the RT3 estimate (14.6 kcal to 49.4 kcal). There was more variability estimating distance, with a range of overestimating by 44.1‐m and underestimating by 6.7‐m. Both pedometers generated similar findings for EE and distance. To help people lose or maintain weight, it is important to consider when fitness devices over‐ or under‐estimate EE and/or distance.Grant Funding Source: APS David S. Bruce Awards for Excellence in Undergraduate Research
Overweight and obesity in “Oportunidades” program beneficiary women
Authors: Morales‐Ruán Ma. del Carmen , Cuevas‐Nasu Lucia , Shamah‐Levy Teresa , Méndez Ignacio 
Published: June 2021

Oportunidades is a human‐development oriented program focused on population that lives in extreme poverty. It provides support on education, health and income. The objective of the present study is evaluate the association between Overweight and Obesity (OW+OB) and the condition of being Oportunidades beneficiary. Demographic, socioeconomic and incorporation in social programs data was gathered, as well as weight and height measures in order to calculate BMI for 6.666 women from 20 to 60 years old. The information came from a probabilistic sample of the 2006 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2006). A logistic regression model was adjusted in order to estimate the association between the OW+OB and Oportunidades program affiliation, education level, age, urban or rural dwelling, marital status and parity.OW+OB prevalence in women was 66.3% and 71.9% for those women who were and were not beneficiaries respectively. No effect was found between the Oportunidades affiliation and OW+OB prevalence (O.R. = 0.8, p >0.05), however age (OR=1.4, p<0.05) and a lower education level (Elementary OR= 1.45 p< 0.05; Junior high school OR=1.48, p>0.05) associations were found.OW+OB in adult women is not related with the fact of be beneficiary of the Oportunidades social program. Nevertheless OW+OB is too high in this group, due to this, work in prevention measures in the whole population is highly recommended.
Assessment of dietary intake in an Inuvialuit population undergoing a rapid nutrition transition
Authors: Cao Xia , Erber Eva , DeRoose Elsie , Beck Lindsay , Gittelsohn Joel , Sharma Sangita 
Published: June 2021

Inuvialuit in Arctic Canada are undergoing a rapid nutrition transition and have increased burden of diet‐related chronic disease. However, little is known about the resulting dietary inadequacies. Up to three 24‐hour dietary recalls were collected among adult Inuvialuit in a remote community in the Northwest Territories. Recall data was analyzed for energy and nutrient intake, dietary adequacy, most commonly reported foods, and top food contributors to energy and selected nutrients. Respondents were 14 men and 49 women (mean age 47 and 44 years, respectively, response rate 79%). Mean daily intake of energy was 2,777 kcal for men and 2,457 kcal for women. Levels of dietary fiber and vitamin E were lower than the recommendation in >90% of men and women. Vitamin A intake was below the recommended levels for 79% of men and 82% of women, while 79% of men and 69% of women did not meet the recommendation for folate. Majority of men (79%) and women (92%) did not meet the recommendation for calcium. Traditional foods contributed substantially to protein and iron intake. Sweetened juices/drinks were the main contributors to energy, carbohydrate and sugar intake. This study highlighted the need for a nutritional and lifestyle intervention program such as Healthy Foods North to improve dietary adequacy and reduce risk of chronic disease.Supported by ADA, Government of NWT DHSS, Public Health Agency of Canada, CPHA, and Health Canada.
Dietary total antioxidant capacity is inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease in U.S. adults
Authors: Yang Meng , Chung Sang‐Jin , Chung Chin Eun , Song Won O. , Chun Ock K. 
Published: June 2021

Dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and serum concentrations of homocystein (Hcy) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) have been addressed related to CVD; however, no documents reported the relationship between dietary TAC levels and these serum biomarkers in a large scale, free living population. The study aimed to investigate the association between the dietary TAC level and serum Hcy and CRP concentrations of US adults. The USDA flavonoid and proanthocyanidin databases, dietary supplement data and food consumption data of 4,391 U.S. adults aged ≥ 19 yrs in NHANES 2001–2002 were utilized. Previously measured vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity of 43 nutrients was applied. Serum CRP concentrations were higher in women, blacks, smokers, those with higher BMI, higher total cholesterol to HDL ratio, lower exercise levels and taking NASID and the subjects who had inflammatory chronic diseases (p<0.05). Higher daily dietary TAC level was inversely associated with odds ratio for Hcy ≥ 13 μmol/L (p<0.001) and odds ratio for CRP ≥ 3 mg/L (p<0.1) after adjusting for relevant covariates. Our present study demonstrated that total TAC from diet and dietary supplements was inversely associated with the risk of CVD in U.S. adults. The potential benefit of dietary TAC as a biomarker of dietary antioxidant intake status and CVD risk needs further research.Grant Funding Source: American Heart Association
Cultural Adaptations in the Collection and Entry of Dietary Intake Data: Field Experiences with Latino Women
Authors: Pinto Elsa , Rojas Patria , De La Rosa Mario , Rahill Guitele 
Published: June 2021

PurposeWe report on methods used to enhance data integrity in a study of Latina dietary patterns. Assessing dietary intake of minorities is complicated by limitations of available instruments and by potential sources of measurement error.MethodsGuided by the USDA 24 hour recall 5‐step multiple pass method, two independent persons coded the dietary data of 316 US and foreign born Latina residents of Miami, Florida. Inter‐coder reliability indicated good agreement.ResultsReported food intake revealed that although foods were reported with synonymous names, cooking method, quantity and quality of ingredients and seasonings varied with nativity. Certain fruits, i.e., “bomba” (papaya in some Latino countries) were not in popular nutrient databases and proved problematic. Cultural variations in reports of food consumption, i.e., names, combination platters and descriptions of quantities require skilled and informed interviewers, and specific strategies to assure the quality of the data. Cultural adaptations required more than having bilingual capabilities. Teasing out cultural differences in food nomenclature and preparation through this specific coding process helped to mitigate erroneous dietary findings.ImplicationsFindings are important contributions to enhancing culturally congruent protocols in studies involving adult Latinas and similar populations.
Effects of peanut and peanut butter consumption on waist circumference and body weight in adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Reinsma Kathryn , Heim Lauren , Wien Michelle , Oda Keiji , Sabaté Joan 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWhole foods that contain fiber and high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (peanuts and peanut butter) may have benefits for persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by reducing cardiovascular risk factors.Study ObjectiveTo assess the effect of a peanut and peanut butter‐enriched American Diabetes Association (ADA) meal plan in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on changes in body weight (BW) and waist circumference (WC).MethodsWe performed a parallel randomized controlled 12 week dietary intervention trial in free‐living adults. Twenty‐nine subjects followed ADA meal plans [moderate fat (35% en), Control; and, moderate fat (35% en) inclusive of 32 g peanuts or 2 Tbsp. peanut butter daily, Intervention]. BW and WC measurements were obtained at baseline and 12 weeks.ResultsFrom baseline to week 12, a larger reduction in mean BW was found in the Intervention group (−0.82 ±0.70 kg) as compared to the Control group (−0.35 ± 1.47 kg) (p=0.44). A greater reduction in mean WC was observed in the Control group (−0.81 ± 2.21 cm) as compared to the Intervention group (−0.21 ± 1.93 cm) (p=0.45). No difference in WC or BW change between the groups was observed when the data was controlled for gender.ConclusionStudies with larger sample sizes are warranted to further detect differences in anthropometric measurements among persons with T2DM following an ADA diet enriched with peanuts and peanut butter.