bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining inequities in rates of undiagnosed HIV and rectal STIs in a large nationwide cohort study of sexual minority men
Authors: Rendina H Jonathon , Talan Ali , Sizemore K Marie , Tavella Nicola F , Salfas Brian , Shalhav Ore , Westmoreland Drew , Mustanski Brian , Rodríguez-Díaz Carlos E 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveSexual minority men (SMM) of colour are disproportionately impacted by HIV and bacterial STIs (bSTIs). To better understand within-group heterogeneity and differential risk factors by race and ethnicity, we sought to examine rates of undiagnosed HIV and rectal bSTI at the intersection of racial and ethnic identity with other sociodemographic factors.MethodsWe examined data from 8105 SMM conducting home-based self-testing at enrolment in a nationwide cohort study collected from November 2017 to August 2018. We conducted analyses stratified by racial and ethnic groups to examine within-group (ie, subgroup) unadjusted rates of HIV and rectal bSTI infection across a range of characteristics.ResultsRates of undiagnosed HIV were highest among Black (4.3%, n=39) and Latino (2.4%, n=38) SMM, with lower rates among those identified as multiracial (1.6%, n=15), white (1.3%, n=56) and other races (1.3%, n=6). Across the stratified analyses of HIV infection, 15 significant associations emerged showing that age, region, insurance type, sexual positioning and incarceration history had differential impacts across racial and ethnic groups. In particular, private and public insurance were protective against HIV for white but not Black and Latino SMM, and incarceration was associated with substantially higher rates of HIV infection for Black and Latino SMM relative to white SMM. We found significant co-occurrence of HIV and bSTI rates for participants who identified as Latino (OR=7.5, 95% CI 2.12 to 26.54), white (OR=3.19, 95% CI 1.14 to 8.98) and multiracial (OR=5.5, 95% CI 1.08 to 27.90), but not those who identified as Black (OR=0.82, 95% CI 0.10 to 6.56) or other races (OR=3.56 95% CI 0.31 to 40.80).ConclusionsStratified analyses showed differential rates of HIV infection at the intersection of racial and ethnic groups with other characteristics, particularly insurance status and incarceration history, pointing to structural inequities rather than individual behaviours underlying disproportionately high rates of HIV for Black and Latino SMM.
U–Pb zircon geochronology and implications of Cambrian plutonism in the Ellsworth belt, Maine
Authors: Pollock Jeffrey C. , Reusch Douglas N. , Dunning Gregory R. 
Published: June 2021

The Ellsworth belt is one of several fault-bounded blocks exposed along the southeastern coast of Maine that formed within Ganderia. New ID-TIMS U–Pb geochronological data integrated with field relationships provide additional insights into the timing of magmatism and deformation in the Ellsworth belt. The deformed Lamoine Granite was selected for U–Pb zircon analysis to: (i) establish the protolith age; (ii) provide direct temporal constraints on regional low-grade metamorphism and deformation; and (iii) elucidate relationships between the Ellsworth belt and coeval rocks elsewhere in the Appalachian orogen. The Lamoine Granite was emplaced within the Ellsworth Schist at 492 ± 1.7 Ma; this is the first unequivocal evidence for a Furongian magmatic event in the Ellsworth belt. The schistosity in the Lamoine Granite is parallel to the main fabric of the host Ellsworth Schist and provides a maximum estimate for timing of the regional metamorphic overprint. Widespread deformation in the Ellsworth belt where kinematic indicators indicate a top-to-northwest sense of shear is attributed to thrusting during which progressive horizontal shortening, caused crustal thickening and peak greenschist facies metamorphism. The Cambrian U–Pb age permits correlation of the Lamoine Granite with the Cameron Road Granite in the Annidale belt of New Brunswick where subduction-related magmas intruded the Penobscot arc–back-arc and were subsequently deformed during the Penobscot Orogeny.
ПОРУШЕННЯ СЕРЦЕВОГО РИТМУ У ХВОРИХ З ГОСТРОЮ ІШЕМІЄЮ МІОКАРДА, ЩО РОЗВИНУЛИСЬ НА ТЛІ КОМОРБІДНОЇ АРТЕРІАЛЬНОЇ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЇ ТА ЦУКРОВОГО ДІАБЕТУ
Authors: Бадюк Н. В. , Гребеник М. В. 
Published: June 2021

Гострий коронарний синдром (ГКС) є однією з провідних причин смерті в світі. Розвиток гострої ішемії міокарда супроводжується порушеннями ритму серця (ПРС), особливо в умовах коморбідності. У більшості хворих (до 80%) ІМ розвивається на тлі артеріальної гіпертензії (АГ), а у 50 % - цукровий діабет (ЦД).
ЗМІНИ БІОХІМІЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ АЗОТОВИДІЛЬНОЇ ФУНКЦІЇ НИРОК ЩУРІВ ПРИ ТРИВАЛОМУ ВВЕДЕННІ ТЕРАПЕВТИЧНИХ ДОЗ НАЛБУФІНУ
Authors: Вільхова І. В. , Матешук-Вацеба Л. Р. , Канцер О. В. , Подолюк М. В. , Бекесевич А. М. , Гресько Н. І. 
Published: June 2021

Резюме. З огляду на проблему наркоманії, яка є однією з найбільш актуальною у суспільстві, заслуговує уваги дослідження морфофункціонального стану нирки при тривалому вживанні опіоїдів.
Мета дослідження – вивчити зміни біохімічних показників азотовидільної функції нирки щура при тривалому введенні терапевтичних доз налбуфіну.
Матеріали і методи. Дослідження виконані на 70 білих статевозрілих щурах-самцях масою 180–260 г. Налбуфін вводили дослідним тваринам у терапевтичних дозах упродовж 12-ти тижнів. Кожні два тижні визначали добовий діурез, креатинін сечі, креатинін сироватки крові, сечовину сироватки крові та розраховували швидкість клубочкової фільтрації. Отримані дані проходили перевірку на нормальність розподілу із використанням показників коефіцієнтів асиметрії та ексцесу, а також із використанням критерію Шапіро – Уїлка.
Результати. Введення терапевтичних доз налбуфіну впродовж 12-ти тижнів призводить до змін біохімічних показників сечовини та креатиніну сироватки крові щурів, креатиніну сечі, добового діурезу та швидкості клубочкової фільтрації. Між значеннями показників сечовини та креатиніну сироватки крові було виявлено достовірний, прямий, виражений зв’язок та максимальне зростання на 6-му та 8-му тижнях експерименту. Виявлено різке зниження швидкості клубочкової фільтрації через 4 тижні експерименту, відновлення цього показника на 6-му тижні та наступне поступове зниження, що наприкінці 12-го тижня було достовірно нижчим порівняно з контрольною групою. Показники креатиніну сечі різко знижені на 4-му тижні експерименту, зростають на 6-му та 8-му тижнях експерименту та у наступних термінах знижуються до показників контрольної групи.
Висновки. Отримані результати свідчать по зміни азотовидільної функції нирки на різних термінах введення терапевтичних доз налбуфіну.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АНТОЦІАНІВ ЖИМОЛОСТІ БЛАКИТНОЇ ПЛОДІВ
Authors: Бурлака І. С. , Кисличенко В. С. , Омельченко З. І. , Король В. В. 
Published: June 2021

Вступ. Світова наука довела, що плоди і ягоди є одними з найважливіших компонентів структури здорового харчування, оскільки вони накопичують велику кількість біологічно активних речовин, без яких не можливе життя людини. Можливості плодових, ягідних і нетрадиційних садових культур у забезпеченні населення високоякісною продукцією є незамінними для профілактики та лікування багатьох захворювань. Особливе місце серед таких нетрадиційних малопоширених культур займають види роду Lonicera Lindl. Одним з них є жимолость блакитна – плодово-ягідна рослина, яка широко культивується в Україні. Жодний вид жимолостей досі не включено до офіційного реєстру лікарських рослин, до ДФУ, хоча про їх корисні властивості знали ще наші предки. Тому можливість застосування їх у медичній практиці вимагає поглибленого вивчення якісного складу та визначення кількісного вмісту груп біологічно активних речовин.
Мета дослідження – виявити і визначити кількісний вміст антоціанів у жимолості блакитної плодах свіжих та висушених.
Методи дослідження. Ідентифікацію антоціанів проводили загальноприйнятими реакціями і методом тонкошарової хроматографії, їх вміст у жимолості блакитної плодах свіжих та висушених визначали методом абсорбційної спектрофотометрії.
Результати й обговорення.Аналітичні сигнали проведених реакцій ідентифікації свідчили про наявність антоціанів у жимолості блакитної плодах свіжих і висушених.Методом тонкошарової хроматографії було виявлено наявність ціанідин-3,5-диглюкозиду і ціанідин-3-О-глюкозиду. Вміст антоціанів у жимолості блакитної плодах свіжих становив (0,42±0,03) %, у висушених – (0,31±0,02) % у перерахунку на ціанідин-3-O-глюкозид. З метою стандартизації сировини можна запропонувати нормований показник – вміст антоціанів у жимолості блакитної плодах не менше 0,35 % у перерахунку на ціанідин-3-O-глюкозид і суху сировину.
Висновки. Загальноприйнятими реакціями і методом тонкошарової хроматографії доведено наявність антоціанів у жимолості блакитної плодах. Методом абсорбційної спектрофотометрії в жимолості блакитної плодах свіжих і висушених визначено вміст антоціанів. Результати досліджень будуть використані при розробці параметрів стандартизації сировини. Жимолості блакитної плоди можна використовувати для розробки й одержання лікарських субстанцій, функціональних харчових продуктів комплексної вітамінно-мінеральної дії.
Movement Planning Determines Sensory Suppression: An Event-related Potential Study
Authors: Jack Bradley N. , Chilver Miranda R. , Vickery Richard M. , Birznieks Ingvars , Krstanoska-Blazeska Klimentina , Whitford Thomas J. , Griffiths Oren 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sensory suppression refers to the phenomenon that sensory input generated by our own actions, such as moving a finger to press a button to hear a tone, elicits smaller neural responses than sensory input generated by external agents. This observation is usually explained via the internal forward model in which an efference copy of the motor command is used to compute a corollary discharge, which acts to suppress sensory input. However, because moving a finger to press a button is accompanied by neural processes involved in preparing and performing the action, it is unclear whether sensory suppression is the result of movement planning, movement execution, or both. To investigate this, in two experiments, we compared ERPs to self-generated tones that were produced by voluntary, semivoluntary, or involuntary button-presses, with externally generated tones that were produced by a computer. In Experiment 1, the semivoluntary and involuntary button-presses were initiated by the participant or experimenter, respectively, by electrically stimulating the median nerve in the participant's forearm, and in Experiment 2, by applying manual force to the participant's finger. We found that tones produced by voluntary button-presses elicited a smaller N1 component of the ERP than externally generated tones. This is known as N1-suppression. However, tones produced by semivoluntary and involuntary button-presses did not yield significant N1-suppression. We also found that the magnitude of N1-suppression linearly decreased across the voluntary, semivoluntary, and involuntary conditions. These results suggest that movement planning is a necessary condition for producing sensory suppression. We conclude that the most parsimonious account of sensory suppression is the internal forward model.
Dissociable Contribution of Extrastriate Responses to Representational Enhancement of Gaze Targets
Authors: Merrikhi Yaser , Shams-Ahmar Mohammad , Karimi-Rouzbahani Hamid , Clark Kelsey , Ebrahimpour Reza , Noudoost Behrad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Before saccadic eye movements, our perception of the saccade targets is enhanced. Changes in the visual representation of saccade targets, which presumably underlie this perceptual benefit, emerge even before the eye begins to move. This perisaccadic enhancement has been shown to involve changes in the response magnitude, selectivity, and reliability of visual neurons. In this study, we quantified multiple aspects of perisaccadic changes in the neural response, including gain, feature tuning, contrast response function, reliability, and correlated activity between neurons. We then assessed the contributions of these various perisaccadic modulations to the population's enhanced perisaccadic representation of saccade targets. We found a partial dissociation between the motor information, carried entirely by gain changes, and visual information, which depended on all three types of modulation. These findings expand our understanding of the perisaccadic enhancement of visual representations and further support the existence of multiple sources of motor modulation and visual enhancement within extrastriate visual cortex.
Bridging M/EEG Source Imaging and Independent Component Analysis Frameworks Using Biologically Inspired Sparsity Priors
Authors: Ojeda Alejandro , Kreutz-Delgado Kenneth , Mishra Jyoti 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectromagnetic source imaging (ESI) and independent component analysis (ICA) are two popular and apparently dissimilar frameworks for M/EEG analysis. This letter shows that the two frameworks can be linked by choosing biologically inspired source sparsity priors. We demonstrate that ESI carried out by the sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) algorithm yields source configurations composed of a few active regions that are also maximally independent from one another. In addition, we extend the standard SBL approach to source imaging in two important directions. First, we augment the generative model of M/EEG to include artifactual sources. Second, we modify SBL to allow for efficient model inversion with sequential data. We refer to this new algorithm as recursive SBL (RSBL), a source estimation filter with potential for online and offline imaging applications. We use simulated data to verify that RSBL can accurately estimate and demix cortical and artifactual sources under different noise conditions. Finally, we show that on real error-related EEG data, RSBL can yield single-trial source estimates in agreement with the experimental literature. Overall, by demonstrating that ESI can produce maximally independent sources while simultaneously localizing them in cortical space, we bridge the gap between the ESI and ICA frameworks for M/EEG analysis.
Favorable Monsoon Environment over Eastern Africa for Subsequent Tropical Cyclogenesis of African Easterly Waves
Authors: Núñez Ocasio Kelly M. , Brammer Alan , Evans Jenni L. , Young George S. , Moon Zachary L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEastern Africa is a common region of African easterly wave (AEW) onset and AEW early life. How the large-scale environment over East Africa relates to the likelihood of an AEW subsequently undergoing tropical cyclogenesis in a climatology has not been documented. This study addresses the following hypothesis: AEWs that undergo tropical cyclogenesis (i.e., developing AEWs) initiate and propagate under a more favorable monsoon large-scale environment over eastern Africa when compared with nondeveloping AEWs. Using a 21-yr August–September (1990–2010) climatology of AEWs, differences in the large-scale environment between developers and nondevelopers are identified and are proposed to be used as key predictors of subsequent tropical cyclone (TC) formation and could inform tropical cyclogenesis prediction. TC precursors when compared with nondeveloping AEWs experience an anomalously active West African monsoon, stronger northerly flow, more intense zonal Somali jet, anomalous convergence over the Marrah Mountains (region of AEW forcing), and a more intense and elongated African easterly jet. These large-scale conditions are linked to near-trough attributes of developing AEWs that favor more moisture ingestion, vertically aligned circulation, a stronger initial 850-hPa vortex, a deeper wave pouch, and arguably more AEW and mesoscale convective systems interactions. AEWs that initiate over eastern Africa and cross the west coast of Africa are more likely to undergo tropical cyclogenesis than those initiating over central or West Africa. Developing AEWs are more likely than nondeveloping AEWs to be southern-track AEWs.
Circulation Around a Constrained Curve: An Alternative Analysis Tool for Diagnosing the Origins of Tornado Rotation in Numerical Supercell Simulations
Authors: DAVIES-JONES ROBERT , MARKOWSKI PAUL M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFine-resolution computer models of supercell storms generate realistic tornadic vortices. Like real tornadoes, the origins of these virtual vortices are mysterious. To diagnose the origin of a tornado, typically a near-ground material circuit is drawn around it. This circuit is then traced back in time using backward trajectories. The rate of change of the circulation around the circuit is equal to the total force circulation. This circulation theorem is used to deduce the origins of the tornado’s large vorticity. However, there is a well-known problem with this approach; with staggered grids parcel trajectories become uncertain as they dip into the layer next to the ground where horizontal wind cannot be interpolated.To circumvent this dilemma, we obtain a generalized circulation theorem that pertains to any circuit. We apply this theorem either to moving circuits that are constrained to simple surfaces or to a ‘hybrid’ circuit defined next. LetAbe the horizontal surface at one grid spacing off the ground. AboveAthe circuit moves as a material circuit. Horizontal curve segments that move inAwith the horizontal wind replace segments of the material circuit that dip belowA. The circulation equation for the modified circuit includes the force circulation of the inertial force that is required to keep the curve segments horizontal. This term is easily evaluated onA.Use of planar or circular circuits facilitates explanation of some simple flows. The hybrid-circuit method significantly improves the accuracy of the circulation budget in an idealized supercell simulation.
Fuzzy Logic Preanesthetic Risk Evaluation of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Operations
Authors: Sandal Baris , Hacioglu Yuksel , Salihoglu Ziya , Yagiz Nurkan 
Published: June 2021

Background and Objective Pre-operative risk classification of patients undergoing anesthesia is an essential interest and has been the focus of many research and categorizations. On the other hand, the ideal categorization system, based on medical doctors’ clinical experience and cooperation with other disciplines, has not been developed yet. Methods In this study, 218 consecutive patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations were included. A novel fuzzy logic evaluation model consisting of 270 rules was constructed. Five major (pulmonary, cardiac, diabetes mellitus and renal or liver disease) and three minor criteria (patientsʼ age, cigarette smoking and body mass index) were chosen to be used during high-risk groups determination. Results The verification of the success of risk value decision with the proposed novel fuzzy logic algorithm is the main goal of this study. On the other hand, though not essential aim, a statistical consistency check was also included to have a deeper understanding and evaluation of the graphical results. During the statistical analysis the 0-30%, 30-60% and 60-90% risk ranges were found to be in a very strong positive relationship with complication occurrence. In this study, 172, 31, 15 patients were in 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90% risk ranges, respectively. Complication rates were 7/172 (4.07%) in 0-30% range, 3/31 (9.68%) in 30-60% range; and 2/15 (13.33%) in 60-90% range. Conclusions Fuzzy based risk classification model was successfully used to predict medical results for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations and reliable deductions were reached.
Comparing differences and correlation between 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and office blood pressure monitoring in patients with untreated hypertension
Authors: Zhang Zhenhong , Wang Shunyin , Yan Junru , Xu Zhiwen , Liang Dongliang , Liu Baohua , Liang Junjie , Chen Mingjie 
Published: June 2021

Objective We assessed differences and correlations between 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and office blood pressure (OBP) monitoring. Methods We conducted an observational study among 85 untreated patients with essential hypertension and measured 24-hour ABP, OBP, target organ damage (TOD) markers, and metabolism indexes. Variance analysis and the Pearson method were used to compare differences and correlation between the two methods. The Spearman or Pearson method was applied to compare the correlation between TOD markers, blood pressure index, and metabolism index. Linear regression analysis was applied to estimate the quantitative relationship between the blood pressure index and TOD markers. Results There were significant differences in the mean and variance of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure and a positive correlation between ABP and OBP. Correlations between the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and average ambulatory SBP, daytime ambulatory SBP, nighttime ambulatory SBP, and fasting blood glucose were significant. Correlations between left intima-media thickness (IMT) and average ambulatory SBP, nighttime ambulatory SBP, right IMT, and nighttime ambulatory SBP were significant. In linear regression analysis of the LVMI (y) and ambulatory SBP (x), the equation was expressed as y = 0.637*x. Conclusion Nighttime ambulatory SBP may be an optimal predictor of TOD.
Two methods of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy in a rat model of secondary lymphedema: a pilot study
Authors: Cho Hee Kyung , Sung Woo Jung , Lee Youn Ju , Kwak Sang Gyu , Kim Kang Lip 
Published: June 2021

Objectives To compare the effectiveness of two methods of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (ESWT) in a rat model of forelimb lymphedema, induced by axillary lymph node dissection. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly allocated to a group that received 500 ESWT shocks only in the lymphedematous forelimb (Forelimb/ESWT) and a group that received 300 ESWT shocks in the axilla and 200 shocks in the lymphedematous forelimb (Axilla+Forelimb/ESWT). The circumferences of each limb were then measured. Immunohistochemistry for a pan-endothelial marker (cluster of differentiation [CD]31) and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1, and western blot analysis for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR3) and VEGF-C were performed. Results The circumferences of the limbs showed significant effects of group and time following surgery. The circumferences at the carpal joint and 2.5 cm above were smallest in the naïve limbs, larger in the Axilla+Forelimb/ESWT group, and the largest in the control group. VEGFR3 tended to be expressed at a higher level in the Axilla+Forelimb/ESWT group (1.96-fold) than in the Forelimb/ESWT group (1.20-fold) versus the opposite non-edematous forelimbs, although this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions These data suggest that ESWT protocols have differential effects on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in lymphedematous limbs.