bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comment on Nasotracheal Intubation and Croup
Authors: Phelan Peter D. 
Published: December 2021

I was interested to read the report by Rapkin in the July 1975 issue on nasotracheal intubation in epiglottitis. We have used this technique for patients with epiglottitis and acute laryngotracheobronchitis for the last five years and have recently reviewed our experience with intubation in 40 patients with epiglottitis and 47 patients with laryngotra-cheobronchitis.
I agree with Dr. Rapkin that nasotracheal intubation is a very satisfactory procedure in epiglottitis and is virtually complication-free in skilled hands.
Audit Defended
Authors: Thorpe James H. , Thorpe Helene S. 
Published: December 2021

Beset as our medical profession is today with malpractice insurance costly or unavailable, with federal reimbursement not covering even the paperwork, and with politicians threatening more legislative encumbrances, it is no wonder that Dr. Bergman views audit with alarm (Pediatrics 56:345, 1975). The mandates of Professional Standards Review Organization for medical care evaluation seem to be just another governmental snare and delusion.
Yet, in fact, were PSRO to be repealed or die unfunded tomorrow, audit would still be the best evaluative tool established so far.
Dr. Bergman Replies
Authors: Bergman Abraham B. 
Published: December 2021

I couldn't agree more that various methods designed to assess the quality of medical care should be subjected to scientific scrutiny. My point was that hospitals and physicians have been propelled into an orgy of frenetic, expensive busywork without evidence that these activities will indeed improve quality or even save money.
The most frequent type of audit in our (teaching) hospital is house staff and attending physicians asking each other several hundred times a day, "why did you do this?"
CLINICAL PERINATOLOGY. Edited by Silvio Aladjem, M.D., and Audrey K. Brown, M.D. St. Louis, CV Mosby Co. 1974, $39.50; 492 pp
Authors: Philip Alistair G. S. 
Published: December 2021

The field of neonatology may safely be considered to have blossomed during the sixties. With increasing knowledge came the realization that study of the neonate could not be considered in the isolation of extrauterine existence. Both pediatricians and obstetricians gave more attention to the fetus. Thus, perinatology has emerged in the seventies.
This is attested to by the appearance of the Journal of Perinatal Medicine in 1973, Clinics in Perinatology in 1974, and two books (reviews) on perinatology at the end of 1974. Both of these books have multiple contributors. One of the books is Modern Perinatal Medicine, edited by L. Gluck, and Clinical Perinatology is the other.
Clinical Perinatology is directed toward obstetricians and pediatricians and provides a useful basic text on the subject. (Modern Perinatal Medicine, on the other hand, seems to be directed more toward those working exclusively in this field.) The content is arranged logically, ranging from the opening chapter, "Physiology and Pathophysiology of Maternal Adjustments to Pregnancy," to the closing chapter, "Impact of Neonatal Intensive Care on Quality of Life." Most of it is eminently readable, though I labored a bit over "Perinatology: Legal and Ethical Considerations."
There are some statements with which one may argue, e.g., "the cause of increased size in infants of diabetic mothers is not known" (chapter 1) and "hepatitis appears not to be transmitted to the fetus" (chapter 2). Other statements may be untrue, e.g., "severe neonatal jaundice can be precipitated by the competitive binding of sulfonamides" (p. 51). The author is correct in drawing attention to the danger of sulfonamides, but displacement of bilirubin (leading to kernicterus) is the problem, sometimes without significant jaundice.
Hypoventilation During Sleep in Children Who Have Lymphoid Airway Obstruction Treated by Nasopharyngeal Tube and T and A
Authors: Kravath Richard E. , Pollak Charles P. , Borowiecki Bernard 
Published: December 2021

Three children with sleep apnea, alveolar hypoventilation, apparent mental retardation, and poor growth associated with chronically enlarged tonsils and adenoids were treated with the use of a nasopharyngeal tube followed by tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. The effectiveness of this therapy was documented by polygraphic recording of sleep stages and respirations, and by correlation with serial arterial blood gases and pH.
The nasopharyngeal tube was well tolerated, easy to use, and effective in diagnosis and treatment. We suggest that its use be further evaluated in patients with obstructive apnea.
SCIENTIFIC RACE
Authors: Price D. J. deS. 
Published: December 2021

. . . Papers which make the same citations have an increased likelihood of doing the same work. Thus, increasing the efficiency of the rate at which one can make priority claims automatically seems to produce a higher incidence of such claims or at least of the raw material for them. There is a feedback working to minimize part of the advantage gained by rapid publication.
I therefore arrive at the conclusion that a scientific race to get there first is tremendously wasteful, and that anything that lessens the reward for such achievement is good. Thus it is perhaps a good thing to deprive the authors of their chance to get their names on the paper. It might be made sufficient honor and reward that they are allowed to play with the team.
Drs. Tiwary and Rosenbloom Reply
Authors: Tiwary Chandra M. , Rosenbloom Arlan L. 
Published: December 2021

We thank Dr. O'Tuama and his colleagues for interest in our article on behavioral effects of TRH. Their failure to obtain a beneficial effect is not surprising.
We had initially noticed that the behavioral effect was not seen until several hours after the TRH injection and that it continued throughout the day.1 Therefore, we initiated objective behavioral observations about 2½ hours after the injection and continued them for five hours and repeated them the next day.
SOME SAYINGS OF BRITISH NANNIES
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Perhaps the most remarkable and envied of all British institutions is the British nanny. Jonathan Gathome-Hardy in his delightful book on the history of the nanny lists many nanny sayings and practices. Among these are the following:
"Never go upstairs empty handed, never go downstairs empty handed."
"If you want your hair to curl you must eat fried bread behind the door."
"Save your breath to cool your porridge." (That is, don't talk so much.)
"Patience and perseverance brought the snail to Jerusalem."
"There are three sorts of sin: little sins, bigger ones, AND TAKING OFF YOUR SHOES WITHOUT UNDOING THE LACES."
"Better to wear out than to rust out."
"Everyone's got to eat a peck of dirt before they die." (child fussing over some sand, say, in the salad)
"Always pick blackberries above dog-lifting-leg height."
Antenatal Diagnosis of Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Bell Martin J. , Ternberg Jessie L. 
Published: December 2021

Hernia of the diaphragm with displacement of portions of the gastrointestinal tract may be diagnosed before birth using fetography. Swallowed amniotic fluid containing positive contrast material will allow visualization of the herniated bowel when roentgenograms are taken 6 to 24 hours after contrast injection. Prompt operative treatment after delivery of an infant with this disorder may minimize the development of hypoxemia and acidosis commonly noted in these infants. In addition, appropriate parental counseling may be started.
CASE REPORT
A 3,000-g white girl was delivered to a 36-year-old, gravida 10, para 1, abortus 8, class C diabetic mother who had essential hypertension.
I Agree With Kempe
Authors: Siegel Lawrence K. 
Published: December 2021

I read with interest the letter by Dr. Arthur L. Klein (Pediatrics 57:577, April 1976) regarding Dr. Kempe's commentary (Pediatrics 56:693, November 1975) and his reply (Pediatrics 57:578, April 1976).
In our county, Waukesha, Wisconsin, there is an active public health department performing many of the tasks mentioned by Dr. Kempe. This group has been useful to me as a practicing pediatrician in helping to pinpoint families with disturbed mother-child relationships, in developmental screening, and in seeing that patients with special or chronic problems understand and follow complicated directions.
Do You Know What a "Martha" Is?
Authors: Glasser E. J. 
Published: December 2021

The following brief statement about "Martha" and inguinal adenopathy in grammar school students is made to assist colleagues in mastering the vernacular of this group and also to acquaint them with this etiology of inguinal adenopathy.
I recently saw a young man with marked inguinal adenopathy and superficial erythema over his lower abdomen. The specific cause was not apparent and tuberculosis was ruled out. His complete blood cell count was essentially normal. There is no good history for local infection or cat scratch fever.
A Strong Opinion!
Authors: Montgomery John E. 
Published: December 2021

I have read with great interest the conflict occurring for and against pediatric nurse associates (PNAs). Dr. Klein's letter (Pediatrics 57:577, April 1976) stated that well-baby examinations are a present economic necessity for the practicing pediatrician.
I am a 33-year-old practicing pediatrician and would agree totally with the Academy's and Dr. Kempe's views on PNAs. The pediatrician of today is wasting approximately 80% of his time in doing well-baby exams and annual physicals. We are overtrained for what we are now being forced to do by the Academy, society, and our pocketbooks.
What Do You Call a Baron's Child?
Authors: Silverman Joseph A. 
Published: December 2021

The article by Sneed and Bell, entitled "The Dauphin of Munchausen: Factitious Passage of Renal Stones in a Child" (Pediatrics 58:127, July 1976), makes interesting reading, but the title is an example of incorrect heraldic terminology.
Baron Karl Friedrich Hieronymus von Munchausen (1720 to 1797) was a German soldier, adventurer, and nobleman, noted for exaggerated tales of his exploits.1 The title "Dauphin" was given to the eldest son of the king of France during the period 1349 to 1840.1
Misleading Information in a Committee Report?
Authors: Harris Robert H. 
Published: December 2021

"Carcinogens in Drinking Water," by Dr. Robert W. Miller of the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Environmental Hazards (Pediatrics 57:462, April 1976), is an important effort to alert pediatricians to the potential hazards of carcinogens in drinking water. Unfortunately, the review and discussion under the subhead "Chemical Carcinogens" contain several erroneous and/or misleading statements. These are as follows:
1. Although Miller is correct that drinking water from the Mississippi River contains "chlorinated or brominated hydrocarbons," numerous other classes of organic compounds of toxicological importance have been identified, including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalate esters, and nitrosamines.
Are We Being Realistic?
Authors: Osler David C. 
Published: December 2021

As the director of a community health program which has traditionally employed nurse practitioners, I would like to comment on the policy of the American Academy of Pediatrics regarding pediatric nurse associates (Pediatrics 57:467, April 1976). As stated, the policy places the nurse "under the supervision and direction of the pediatrician."
The pediatrician and the nurse associate have each had specific training, and should work interdependently. In fact, while residencies have tended to emphasize such areas as the treatment of the sick child, most training programs for nurse associates have spent large amounts of time in health maintenance and preventive education.
Gastrin Concentration in the Neonate
Authors: Euler Arthur R. , Ament Marvin E. 
Published: December 2021

We read with interest the article "Gastrin Concentration in Plasma of the Neonate at Birth and After the First Feeding" by von Berger et al. (Pediatrics 58:264, August 1976). Similar findings of gastrin concentration in mothers and newborns were documented by our group also.1,2 The authors' comments concerning the source of the gastrin in the umbilical cord serum have stimulated the following thoughts and questions.
1. The documentation of no transport of gastrin labeled with iodine 125 across the rat placenta, although of interest, does not indicate that this could not occur in the human.
In Reply: You Have to Use Endoscopy
Authors: Kosloske Ann M. 
Published: December 2021

Plastic foreign bodies in the trachea may be tricky, as Drs. Stool and Bluestone point out. We would not hesitate to use bronchoscopy on their patient either, since the history, physical examination, and roentgenograms all were equivo cal. Bronchoscopy was diagnostic as well as therapeutic. Postural drainage treatment is not appropriate without a diagnosis of foreign body aspiration.
Stool and Bluestone correctly point out the hazard of migration of the foreign body, with the potential complication of glottic obstruction or spasm.
See image in the PDF file
HOSPITAL COSTS AS THEY WERE 40 YEARS AGO
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

In this era of skyrocketing hospital costs and dwindling purchasing power of the dollar, the total cost of a ten-day maternity stay in 1934 may be read with disbelief as will the long puerperal hospital stay. The time-honored custom of keeping women in bed nine days or more following delivery was generally observed until the mid-1940s.
A hospital in Los Angeles charges $115 to $180 for a confinement case in a private room, $80 to $90 in a semiprivate room. The price includes all [italics mine] hospital services during a ten-days' stay: nursing, use of the delivery-room, anaesthetic, bandages, medicines, laboratory, and the feeding, nursing and clothing of the infant.
Ataxia and Hearing Loss Secondary to Perilymphatic Fistula
Authors: Healy Gerald B. , Friedman Jules M. , DiTroia Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Ataxia is rarely attributed to lesions of the peripheral vestibular system. In 1973, the first case of ataxia and hearing loss secondary to a labyrinthine fistula was reported. Until now, this syndrome has not been reported in patients under the age of 10 years. A case is presented of a 5-year-old boy with symptoms of ataxia and hearing loss as well as vertigo and tinnitus after head trauma.
Three physical findings appear to be most characterisitic of patients with perilymphatic fistulas: a positive fistula response, positive positional testing with the involved ear down, and evidence of vestibular ataxia when testing station and gait.
The absolute diagnosis of perilymphatic fistula can only be established by exploration of the middle ear space. If a fistula is found, it may be sealed with soft tissue and, if this fails, actual stapedectomy may be required.
The Season and Diabetes
Authors: Fleegler Francene , Rogers Kenneth D. , Drash Allan , Travis Luther B. , Rosenbloom Arlan L. 
Published: December 2021

MacMillan and co-workers reported the ages and month of detection of all new insulin-dependent diabetic patients (N = 120) admitted to Children's Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky, from 1960 through 1975 (Pediatrics 59:113, January 1977). They reported possible differences in month of onset for children 6 years old or older and those under 6 years. A similar observation was made by Bloom et al. in the British diabetes register study for children under age 5 years.1
We recorded age and month of diagnosis of new cases of juvenile-onset diabetes in Pittsburgh (N = 673), Gainesville, Florida (N = 127), and Texas (N = 741).
THE EARLIEST RECORDED AUTOPSY IN AMERICA PERFORMED IN 1662 ON THE 8-YEAR-OLD ELIZABETH KELLEY
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

The parents of Elizabeth Kelley of Hartford, Connecticut, attributed her death to witchcraft practiced on her by Goody Ayres, one of their neighbors.
Elizabeth was suddenly taken with a violent attack of coughing and choking during the evening of March 24, 1662. In her delirium she cried out: "Father, father help me, help me Goodwife [Goody] Ayres is upon me, she chokes me, she kneels on my belly, she will break my bowels, she pinches me, she will make me black and blue." Elizabeth died the next day. Following the superstition of those times, both her parents and the townspeople thought that her death was due to some preternatural cause, such as bewitchment. The General Court of Connecticut accordingly ordered a postmortem examination on Elizabeth to determine the cause of her death.
Mr. Bryan Rossiter, the prosector, described his findings in the following protocol1:
All these 6 particulars underwritten I judge preternatural: Upon the opening of John Kelley's child at the grave I observed,
1. The whole body, the musculous parts, nerves and joints were all pliable, without any stiffness or contraction, the gullet only excepted. Experience of dead bodies renders such symptoms unusual.
2. From the costal ribs to the bottom of the belly in the whole latitude of the womb, both the scarf skin and the whole skin with the enveloping or covering flesh had a deep blue tincture, when the inward part thereof was fresh, and the bowels under it in true order, without any discoverable peccancy to cause such an effect or symptom.
COMING UP WITH A BETTER IDEOGRAPH
Authors:   Student
Published: December 2021

All it took was a piece of string, a few pieces of plastic, the British equivalent of an Erector set and a cardboard tube that has been used to package linoleum. With these odds and ends, two linguists at Cambridge University in England have come up with a wondrous invention: a device that enables a computer to "understand" and "write" Chinese characters.
The feat, accomplished by Richard Sloss and Peter Nancarrow, is remarkable because written Chinese employs an unwieldy 4,500 characters. . . .
"I don't think we could have done it if we'd had a lot of money," Mr. Nancarrow said. Without money to buy fancy equipment, he said, "you have to solve the problem with your brain."
Acute Pericarditis Associated With Hepatitis B Infection
Authors: Adler Robert , Takahashi Masato , Wright Harry T. 
Published: December 2021

Patients infected with hepatitis B have demonstrated a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations other than hepatitis. Immune complex formation has been proposed as a possible mechanism for such varied disease presentations.
The present report describes a case in which acute pericarditis is associated with hepatitis B surface antigen-positive disease. Speculations are made relating the pericardial changes to the formation of immune complexes following hepatitis B virus infection.
SUPERSTITIONS OF A LYING-IN ROOM A CENTURY AGO
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Most of the following list of English superstitions about pregnancy and birth were brought to this country and were commonly believed by American parents of a century ago.
1. If a pregnant woman suffer from acid dyspepsia [heartburn] the child will be born with a good crop of hair. 2. If the gravid uterus project much in front, it is a boy; if "all round," a girl. Another version is that, if a woman carry a boy on one side, and on the next pregnancy on the opposite side, it will be a girl. 3. A child born with a caul will be lucky and will not be drowned. 4. It is unlucky to have kittens in the house with young children, because they are supposed to suck the breath of the children and so kill them. Does the milk about the infant's mouth occasionally attract the kitten? 5. In tying the cord of a newly born infant, the length of cord left attached to the umbilicus must be considered with reference to sex: if a boy, it must not be too short, or his penis will be in proportion. 6. When the cord is detached from the umbilicus, it must not be allowed to fall to the ground, or the infant will be a "pee-a-bed." 7. It is unlucky to weigh new-born child; they will probably die, or will not thrive. 8. It is customary to burn the placenta, and the process gives indication of a woman's fertility. The nurse counts the number of "snaps" or "crackles," which equal the number of children the woman will bear.
Child advocacy in the nuclear age
Authors: Berger Lawrence R. 
Published: December 2021

In 1943, amidst the nation's mobilization for the Second World War, there appeared an article by Dr. William Schmidt of the Children's Bureau on the susceptibility of young people to the hazards of radioactive materials.1 Reviewing the literature, and invoking generally accepted pediatric principles, Dr. Schmidt concluded that young people possess special vulnerability to the hazards of radiation, and that this warranted their exclusion from employment in the gas mantle and radium dial industries.
Now, more than 30 years later, there again exists an urgent need to review the topic of radiation and children. With the spread of nuclear weapons technology to many countries, the spectre of nuclear test fallout (not to mention nuclear warfare!) is once again upon us.
Practicality of Screening Urinalyses in Asymptomatic Children in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: Gutgesell Margaret 
Published: December 2021

The value of screening for proteinuria in the pediatric age group is a subject of current debate. Previous studies have1,2 reported proteinuria prevalence rates of 5.4% to 14.8% when random urine samples were tested. Since the test for proteinuria is simple and inexpensive, Bailey et al.3 recommended that indicator strip testing for proteinuria be done by the primary physician in preschool, preadolescent, and adolescent children. The Committee on Standards of Child Health Care4 suggests at least dipstick urinalyses as part of a regular health maintenance program. Haggerty5 recommends using only the dipstick tests for protein and glucose since these tests are simple and adequate. However, Bailey et al.3 and North6 do not recommend glucose screening since there is a low probability of finding new cases of diabetes mellitus. Dodge et al.7 are reluctant to recommend widespread screening in schoolchildren for proteinuria and hematuria because the significance of these two conditions is unknown in asymptomatic children. For those found to have proteinuria and/or hematuria, West8 proposes a systematic evaluation including determination of certain serum chemical values, radiographic studies, and even renal biopsy. To study the practicality of such a screening test in a primary care setting, we have reviewed 2,309 random dipstick urinalyses collected over a 26-month period.
METHODS
Indicator strip testing (Labstix) was performed on random urine samples of all eligible patients on their first visit for whatever reason to the pediatric clinic of West End Health Center, Houston.
The center is one of a network of seven neighborhood clinics of the Harris County Hospital District and serves a low to moderate socioeconomic group.