bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemotaxonomic profiling of fungal endophytes of Solanum mauritianum (alien weed) using gas chromatography high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-HRTOF-MS)
Authors: Pelo Sharon Pauline , Adebo Oluwafemi Ayodeji , Green Ezekiel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionSince ancient times medicinal plants have been used as medicine in many parts of the world to promote human health and longevity. In recent years many novel secondary metabolites of plants have been isolated and reported to provide lead compounds for new drug discoveries.Solanum mauritianumScopoli is native to South America. It is reported to be used by native South Americans during famine as a vegetable and as medicine to cure various diseases. In South Africa the plant is viewed as weed and is facing eradication, however, this plant is a valuable subject for research into its potential pharmaceutical and chemical uses. This study elucidated the metabolic profile of fungal endophytes that have promising bioactive secondary metabolites against pathogenic microorganisms, including mycobacterium species.Material and methodsFungal endophytes from a weedSolanum mauritianumScop. were used to synthesize secondary metabolites. Gas chromatograph high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-HRTOF-MS) was used to analyse volatile compounds to prove that potentially fungal endophytes could be extracted from this weed. Extracts obtained with ethyl acetate were screened for phytochemicals and analyzed using a gas chromatograph high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry system. Principal component analysis was used to compare the gas chromatograph high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry data for differences/similarities in their clustering. Phytochemical screening was conducted on the crude extracts of fungal endophytes obtained from different parts ofSolanum mauritianumScopoli (leaves, ripe fruit, unripe fruit and stems).ResultsPhytochemical screening indicated the presents of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, quinones and saponins. Quinones were not present in the crude extracts ofFusariumsp. A total of 991 compounds were observed in the fungal endophytes, andCladosporiumsp. (23.8%) had the highest number of compounds, compared toParacamarosporium leucadendri(1.7%) andTalaromycessp.(1.5%). Some volatile compounds such as eicosane, 2-pentadecanone, 2-methyloctacosane, hexacosane and tridecanoic acid methyl ester with antibacterial activity were also observed.ConclusionCompositional variations between the plant and fungal endophyte phytochemicals were observed. The results of this study indicate that fungal endophytes fromSolanum mauritianumScop. contain compounds that can be exploited for numerous pharmaceutical and medicinal applications.
Computer-assisted contralateral side comparison of the ankle joint using flat panel technology
Authors: Thomas Sarina , Kausch Lisa , Kunze Holger , Privalov Maxim , Klein André , Barbari Jan El , Martin Vicario Celia , Franke Jochen , Maier-Hein Klaus 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Reduction and osteosynthesis of ankle fractures is a challenging surgical procedure when it comes to the verification of the reduction result. Evaluation is conducted using intra-operative imaging of the injured ankle and depends on the expertise of the surgeon. Studies suggest that intra-individual variance of the ankle bone shape and pose is considerably lower than the inter-individual variance. It stands to reason that the information gain from the healthy contralateral side can help to improve the evaluation.

Method
In this paper, an assistance system is proposed that provides a side-to-side view of the two ankle joints for visual comparison and instant evaluation using only one 3D C-arm image. Two convolutional neural networks (CNN) are employed to extract the relevant image regions and pose information of each ankle so that they can be aligned with each other. A first U-Net uses a sliding window to predict the location of each ankle. The standard plane estimation is formulated as segmentation problem so that a second U-Net predicts the three viewing planes for alignment.

Results
Experiments were conducted to assess the accuracy of the individual steps on 218 unilateral ankle datasets as well as the overall performance on 7 bilateral ankle datasets. The experiments on unilateral ankles yield a median position-to-plane error of $$0.73\pm 1.36$$

0.73
±
1.36

mm and a median angular error between 2.98$$^\circ $$

∘

and 3.71$$^\circ $$

∘

for the plane normals.

Conclusion
Standard plane estimation via segmentation outperforms direct pose regression. Furthermore, the complete pipeline was evaluated including ankle detection and subsequent plane estimation on bilateral datasets. The proposed pipeline enables a direct contralateral side comparison without additional radiation. This has the potential to ease and improve the intra-operative evaluation for the surgeons in the future and reduce the need for revision surgery.
Cryo-balloon catheter localization in X-Ray fluoroscopy using U-net
Authors: Vernikouskaya Ina , Bertsche Dagmar , Dahme Tillman , Rasche Volker 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Automatic identification of interventional devices in X-ray (XR) fluoroscopy offers the potential of improved navigation during transcatheter endovascular procedures. This paper presents a prototype implementation of fully automatic 3D reconstruction of a cryo-balloon catheter during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) procedures by deep learning approaches.

Methods
We employ convolutional neural networks (CNN) to automatically identify the cryo-balloon XR marker and catheter shaft in 2D fluoroscopy during PVI. Training data are generated exploiting established semiautomatic techniques, including template-matching and analytical graph building. A first network of U-net architecture uses a single grayscale XR image as input and yields the mask of the XR marker. A second network of the similar architecture is trained using the mask of the XR marker as additional input to the grayscale XR image for the segmentation of the cryo-balloon catheter shaft mask. The structures automatically identified in two 2D images with different angulations are then used to reconstruct the cryo-balloon in 3D.

Results
Automatic identification of the XR marker was successful in 78% of test cases and in 100% for the catheter shaft. Training of the model for prediction of the XR marker mask was successful with 3426 training samples. Incorporation of the XR marker mask as additional input for the model predicting the catheter shaft allowed to achieve good training result with only 805 training samples. The average prediction time per frame was 14.47 ms for the XR marker and 78.22 ms for the catheter shaft. Localization accuracy for the XR marker yielded on average 1.52 pixels or 0.56 mm.

Conclusions
In this paper, we report a novel method for automatic detection and 3D reconstruction of the cryo-balloon catheter shaft and marker from 2D fluoroscopic images. Initial evaluation yields promising results thus indicating the high potential of CNNs as alternatives to the current state-of-the-art solutions.
Risk Factors for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among Zhuang Ethnic Pregnant Women: A Cohort Study in Guangxi, China
Authors: Feng Bao-ying , Peng Yang , Liang Jun , Wu Li , Jiang Qun-jiao , Liu Shun , Zeng Xiao-yun , Huang Dong-ping , Qiu Xiao-qiang , Li Han 
Published: April 2021

SummaryRisk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes among Zhuang ethnic pregnant women are unclear. This study analyzed the incidence and risk factors related to preterm birth (PB), low birth weight (LBW) and macrosomia in Zhuang population. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 9965 Zhuang pregnancy women in Guangxi, China. Information on mothers and newborns was obtained by using questionnaires and referring to medical records. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between related factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our results showed that the incidence of PB, LBW and macrosomia in Zhuang people was 5.55%, 5.64% and 2.19%, respectively. Maternal age ≥36 years (OR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.51–3.27) was related to a higher incidence of PB. Those with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 (OR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.45–2.51), and had a female fetus (OR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.36–2.23) were more likely to have LBW infants. Maternal age between 31 and 35 years (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.03–2.99) and pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity (OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.15–2.80) were associated with a higher risk of macrosomia. The protective factors of macrosomia were maternal pre-pregnancy BMI <18.5 kg/m2 (OR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.15–0.60) and female fetus (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.28–0.59). Our study provided a reference for maternal and childcare administration among Zhuang population.
Ein Instrument zur strategischen Kompetenzentwicklung in mittelständischen gewerblichen Betrieben: Die Kompetenzmanagementtabelle (KMT)
Authors: Decius Julian , Schaper Niclas 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag in der ZeitschriftGruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie (GIO)illustriert die Implementierung und Anwendung eines Tools für die strategische Kompetenzentwicklung in mittelständischen Industriebetrieben – der Kompetenzmanagementtabelle (KMT) – anhand eines betrieblichen Fallbeispiels. Der Hintergrund ist, dass auch kleinere und mittlere produzierende Unternehmen die Personalentwicklung ihrer Beschäftigten unterstützen müssen, um langfristig in einer sich wandelnden Arbeitswelt erfolgreich zu sein. Im Rahmen einer strategischen Kompetenzentwicklung sollten dabei sowohl die Unternehmensziele als auch die aktuellen und zukünftigen Tätigkeitsanforderungen sowie der Ist-Stand an vorhandenen Kompetenzen im Betrieb in den Blick genommen werden. Wegen geringer finanzieller und personeller Ressourcen in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen ist es sinnvoll, den Personalverantwortlichen in den Betrieben mit der KMT ein Hilfsmittel zur strategischen Kompetenzentwicklung an die Hand zu geben. Der Implementierungsbedarf und mögliche Nutzungsfelder der KMT werden anhand des Anwendungsfalls eines Betriebs mit ca. 240 Beschäftigten aus der Metallbranche dargestellt. Die KMT wurde aufbauend auf einem theoretisch fundierten Konzept entwickelt und orientiert sich direkt an den praktischen Anforderungen, die mittelständische Unternehmen an Kompetenzmanagementinstrumente stellen. Berücksichtigt werden in der KMT fachliche, interpersonelle, methodische und kenntnisbezogene Kompetenzen; zudem existieren Zusatzanalysetools für sprachliche und außerberufliche Kompetenzen. Dabei erfüllt die KMT die Kriterien der einfachen Handhabbarkeit, der zielgruppenorientierten Verständlichkeit sowie der Umsetzbarkeit als datenbankgestütztes System bzw. der Anschlussfähigkeit an bestehende Systeme. Die KMT stellt damit für Personalentwicklungs- und Führungskräfte in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen eine wesentliche Erleichterung für das strategische Kompetenzmanagement dar.
Interaction between reactive oxygen species and hormones during the breaking of embryo dormancy in Sorbus pohuashanensis by exogenous nitric oxide
Authors: Wang Hao , Tang Shuoran , Wang Jianan , Shen Hailong , Yang Ling 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe breaking of dormancy mediated by reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is related to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in germinating embryos but the underlying mechanism is unclear. The objectives of this study were: (1) to explore the relationship between RNS-mediated dormancy release and ROS accumulation in germinating embryos of Sorbus pohuashanensis; and, (2) to investigate the relationships among germination time, ROS metabolism, and endogenous hormone synthesis. We studied the effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the NO scavenger (4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), abscisic acid (ABA), the exogenous ethylene donor ethrel, and the ethylene receptor inhibitor 2,5-norbornadien (NBD) on embryo germination and seedling growth. Embryos were released from dormancy by pretreatment with NO or ethylene, which was related to increased ethylene biosynthesis and decreased ABA levels. Breaking of dormancy by SNP was related to increased levels of ethylene, hydrogen peroxide, and glutathione, increased activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased levels of ABA, superoxide anions, and malondialdehyde. These effects of nitric oxide were especially significant in seedling hypocotyls and radicles. These results demonstrate that NO can break S. pohuashanensis embryo dormancy by inducing ethylene biosynthesis, and that this signalling pathway is closely related to ROS accumulation and the antioxidant defence response.
“I Didn’t Know What They Wanted From Me”–the Perspective of Individuals with Mental Disorders on Police Interventions
Authors: Wittmann Linus , Groen Gunter , Ogorka Janusz , Jörns-Presentati Astrid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEncounters between individuals with a mental disorder and police forces can be harmful and dangerous for both parties involved. Previous research explored mostly police officers’ subjective experience of these encounters and focused on their recommendations. The present study takes the perspective of individuals with a mental disorder and investigates their subjective experience of dealing with the police. Thirteen semi-structural interviews were conducted with individuals with a history of mental health problems who have had encounters with the police and experienced contact-based anti-stigmatization interventions as consultants. Interviews revolved around the subjective experience of these police encounters. Questionnaires were used to inquire about context factors, individuals’ perceptions of police officers, and their sense of security during these encounters. Furthermore, individuals were asked to rate police officers’ ability to recognize signs and symptoms of ill mental health and give recommendations in regard to adequate communication strategies, interventions, and police training. The results indicate that encounters were experienced predominantly as positive and non-threatening. Participants emphasized the importance of communication strategies with a focus on empathy and respect. Keeping personal space and satisfying basic needs was recommended. Contact-based anti-stigmatization interventions were regarded as an effective approach to reduce stigma. Empathy and respect are perceived as key strategies for police officers when dealing with individuals with a mental disorder. To promote these strategies, trialogical anti-stigmatization interventions and crisis intervention training, including communication skills and face-to-face contact, are promising approaches.
Clinical Importance of Bone Matrix Damage Mechanisms for Fracture Prevention
Authors: Abel Richard L. , Stavri Richard , Gray Marena , Hansen Ulrich 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Bone matrix exhibits great complexity in its composition, structure and mechanics. Here, we provide a review of recent research articles and appraise the evidence that bone matrix quality is clinically important and possibly targetable for fracture prevention.

Recent Findings
Deformation of mineralised collagen fibrils determines bone fracture mechanics. Slipping and separation at the mineral-fibril and fibril-fibril interfaces, respectively, are the structural mechanisms for plastic deformation and microcrack nucleation. Existing technologies for assessing bone tissue in vivo cannot measure matrix structure or fracture mechanics but have shown limited use in clinical settings for identifying fragility or following treatment outcomes based on composition.

Summary
Matrix is biomechanically and clinically important, but the knowledge has not translated into clinical practice. The structural mechanisms by which a load is transferred from mineralised collagen fibrils to the whole bone via microcracking have been proven too complex to measure in vivo. The mineral-fibril or fibril-fibril interfaces might be suitable targets for diagnosing fragility or delivering molecules that reduce fracture risk by strengthening the mineral bonds while maintaining flexibility in the fibrils.
The Alexis® system for laparoscopic splenectomy in pediatric patients
Authors: Trovalusci Emanuele , Gasparella Marco , Pizzato Cristina , Midrio Paola 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe laparoscopic splenectomy in pediatric patients is performed worldwide but often the disproportion between size of patients and size of organs requires an extra laparotomic access for spleen removal. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Alexis®system to retrieve the spleen without additional laparotomic access. The charts of all patients who underwent splenectomy at our center during the last 5 years were retrieved. In all the cases the Alexis®system was placed in the umbilicus, thru which a 10 mm camera was inserted. Three additional 5 mm standard trocars were inserted. Seven patients, affected by spherocytosis (3), epidermoid cyst (2), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (2) and thalassemia (1), underwent laparoscopic splenectomy at a median age of 10 years (range: 8–17). Median patients’ weight was 32.5 kg (range: 25–71) and spleen size 15 cm (11–18). In all the cases, upon removal of the camera, the retrieval bag was inserted thru the umbilicus under direct view, the spleen retrieved, morcellated, and removed. No conversion nor enlargement of one of the ports nor an extra laparotomic access were required. The patients were discharged on the fifth post-operative day and the cosmetic results were excellent. Removal of the spleen can be safely performed without any additional laparotomy thru the Alexis®system placed in the umbilicus. This system is effective also in case of major patient/organ size disproportion and the final cosmetic aspect is excellent.
Wo steht mir der Kopf? – Herausforderungen von berufsbegleitend Studierenden während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Limarutti Andrea , Flaschberger Simone Sigrid , Mir Eva 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie waren Hochschulen gezwungen, schnellstmöglich auf Onlinelehre umzustellen. Berufsbegleitend Studierenden, welche etwa im Gesundheitsbereich tätig sind, muss die Vereinbarkeit von der 100 %igen Umstellung auf E‑Learning und vollen Anwesenheit in einem systemerhaltenden Beruf gelingen.

Zielsetzung
Ziel der Studie ist es, die Herausforderungen von im Gesundheitsbereich tätigen berufsbegleitend Studierenden zu explorieren, Veränderungsnotwendigkeiten aufzuzeigen und Handlungsempfehlungen für die Hochschule abzuleiten.

Methode
Mittels Onlinefragebogen und offenem Antwortformat wurden Herausforderungen, Vor- und Nachteile, welche sich durch das E‑Learning ergeben, und Verbesserungsvorschläge an der Fachhochschule Kärnten (FHK) erhoben. Die Daten wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Die wohl größten Herausforderungen, mit denen berufsbegleitend Studierende zu kämpfen haben, sind das selbstorganisierte Lernen bzw. die (termingerechte) Bewältigung der, oft als zu umfangreich empfundenen, Arbeitsaufträge und das selbstständige Erarbeiten von Lehrinhalten. Weiters berichten die Studierenden über Schwierigkeiten in der Vereinbarkeit von E‑Learning mit Beruf und/oder Familie.

Schlussfolgerung
Die empfundenen Herausforderungen sind grundsätzlich nicht neu, aber unter COVID-19 bedeutsamer denn je, da noch zusätzliche familiäre Verpflichtungen, aber auch Unsicherheiten im Arbeitsalltag dazukommen. Gerade jetzt sollten Lernumwelten, wie sie Hochschulen berufsbegleitend Studierenden derzeit online bieten, als „caring spaces“ verstanden werden. Neben neuen didaktischen Konzepten sollte auch in die Förderung von Selbst- und Sozialkompetenzen der Studierenden investiert werden.
Temporary Urbanisms as Policy Alternatives to Enhance Health and Well-Being in the Post-Pandemic City
Authors: Andres Lauren , Bryson John R. , Moawad Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewWhile there has been extensive discussion on the various forms of temporary uses in urban settings, little is known on the ways in which temporary and health urbanisms connect. Now, a turning point has been reached regarding the interactions between health and the built environment and the contributions made by urban planning and other built environment disciplines. In the context of the post-pandemic city, there is a need to develop a health-led temporary urbanism agenda than can be implemented in various settings both in the Global South and North.Recent FindingsHealth-led temporary urbanism requires a reinterrogation of current models of urban development including designing multifunctional spaces in urban environments that provide sites for temporary urbanism-related activities. A healthy city is an adaptable city and one that provides opportunities for citizen-led interventions intended to enhance well-being by blending the temporary with the permanent and the planned with the improvised.SummaryHealth-led temporary urbanism contributes to the call for more trans- and inter-disciplinary discussions allowing to more thoroughly link urban planning and development with health.
Compensating functional iron deficiency in patients with allergies with targeted micronutrition
Authors: Roth-Walter Franziska 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIron deficiency is associated with atopy. Iron deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk of atopic diseases in children, while both allergic children and adults are more likely to have iron deficiency anemia. Immunologically, iron deficiency leads to activation of antigen-presenting cells, promotion of Th2 cells and enables antibody class switch in B cells. In addition, iron deficiency primes mast cells for degranulation, while an increase in their iron content inhibits their degranulation. Many allergens, especially those with lipocalin and lipocalin-like protein structures, are able to bind iron and either deprive or supply this trace element to immune cells. Thus, a local induced iron deficiency will result in immune activation and allergic sensitization. However, lipocalin proteins such as the whey protein β‑lactoglobulin (BLG) can also transport micronutrients into the defense cells (holo-BLG: BLG with micronutrients) and hinder their activation, thereby promoting tolerance and protecting against allergy. Since 2019, several clinical trials have also been conducted in allergic subjects using holo-BLG as a supplementary balanced diet, leading to a reduction in symptom burden. Supplementation with holo-BLG specifically supplied defense cells with micronutrients such as iron and therefore represents a new dietary approach to compensate for functional iron deficiency in allergy sufferers.