bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and Morpho-Molecular Identification of Botryosphaeriales Species from Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Dissanayake Asha J. , Chen Ya-Ya , Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan , Liu Jian-Kui 
Published: October 2021

Botryosphaeriales is an important order of diverse fungal pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes distributed worldwide. Recent studies of Botryosphaeriales in China have discovered a broad range of species, some of which have not been formerly described. In this study, 60 saprobic isolates were obtained from decaying woody hosts in southwestern China. The isolates were compared with other species using morphological characteristics, and available DNA sequence data was used to infer phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit rRNA gene (LSU), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef) loci. Three novel species were illustrated and described as Botryobambusa guizhouensis, Sardiniella elliptica, and Sphaeropsis guizhouensis, which belong to rarely identified genera within Botryosphaeriaceae. Botryobambusa guizhouensis is the second species identified from the respective monotypic genus. The previously known species were identified as Aplosporella hesperidica, Barriopsis tectonae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia mutila, Di. neojuniperi, Di. pseudoseriata, Di. sapinea, Di. seriata, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Do. yunnana, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Sardiniella celtidis, Sa. guizhouensis, and Sphaeropsis citrigena. The results of this study indicate that numerous species of Botryosphaeriales are yet to be revealed in southwestern China.
Associations between general practice characteristics and chest X-ray rate: an observational study
Authors: Bradley Stephen H , Barclay Matthew , Cornwell Benjamin , Abel Gary A , Callister Matthew EJ , Gomez-Cano Mayam , Round Thomas , Shinkins Bethany , Neal Richard D 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundChest X-ray (CXR) is the first-line test for lung cancer in many settings. Previous research has suggested that higher utilisation of CXR is associated with improved outcomes.AimTo explore the associations between characteristics of general practices and frequency of investigation with CXR.Design and settingRetrospective observational study of English general practices.MethodA database was constructed of English general practices containing number of CXRs requested and data on practices for 2018, including patient and staff demographics, smoking prevalence, deprivation, and patient satisfaction indicators. Mixed-effects Poisson modelling was used to account for variation because of chance and to estimate the amount of remaining variation that could be attributed to practice and population characteristics.ResultsThere was substantial variation in GP CXR rates (median 34 per 1000 patients, interquartile range 26–43). Only 18% of between-practice variance in CXR rate was accounted for by recorded characteristics. Higher practice scores for continuity and communication skills, and higher proportions of smokers, Asian and mixed ethnic groups, and patients aged >65 years were associated with increased CXR rates. Higher patient satisfaction scores for access and greater proportions of male patients and patients of Black ethnicity were associated with lower CXR rates.ConclusionSubstantial variation was found in CXR rates beyond that expected by chance, which could not be accounted for by practices’ recorded characteristics. As other research has indicated that increasing CXR rates can lead to earlier detection, supporting practices that currently investigate infrequently could be an effective strategy to improve lung cancer outcomes.
INDUKSI KALUS CENGKEH DARI EKSPAN DAUN MENGGUNAKAN 2,4-D SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Rasud Yulianti , Basri Zainuddin , Sahiri Nirwan 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Callus induction is one method of tissue culture which is done by stimulating cell division continuously from certain plant parts such as leaves, roots, stems, and so on by using growth regulators to form cell mass. The cell mass (callus) will then regenerate through organogenesis or embryogenesis to become a new plant. One of the growth regulators used for callus induction is 2,4-D. The aims of this experiments was to evaluate the best concentration of 2,4-D for callus induction of clove leaves. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design with treatment tested was concentrations of 2,4-D, consisted of six levels, namely 0.5 ppm, 1.0 ppm, 1.5 ppm, 2.0 ppm, 2.5 ppm and 3.0 ppm. Results of this experiments indicated that the best medium composition for callus induction was MS medium supplemented with 0.5 ppm 2,4-D. In the medium composition, the fastest callus formation, namely 6.00 weeks after culture and the percentage of callus formation reached 100% with the color and texture of the resulting callus white and crumb. Keyword : Callus Induction, Clove, 2,4-DABSTRAK Induksi kalus merupakan salah satu metode kultur jaringan yang dilakukan dengan jalan memacu pembelahan sel secara terus menerus dari bagian tanaman tertentu seperti daun, akar, batang, dan sebagainya dengan menggunakan zat pengatur tumbuh hingga terbentuk massa sel. Massa sel (kalus) tersebut selanjutnya akan beregenerasi melalui organogenesis ataupun embriogenesis hingga menjadi tanaman baru. Salah satu zat pengatur tumbuh yang digunakan untuk induksi kalus adalah 2,4-D. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi 2,4-D yang lebih baik untuk induksi kalus daun cengkeh. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Media dasar yang digunakan adalah media MS yang ditambahkan berbagai konsentrasi 2,4-D yaitu 0,50 ppm, 1,5 ppm, 2 ppm, 2,5 ppm, dan 3 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi media yang terbaik untuk induksi kalus daun cengkeh adalah media MS yang ditambahkan 0,5 ppm 2,4-D. Pada komposisi media tersebut diperoleh saat muncul kalus paling cepat, yaitu rata-rata 6,00 MST dengan persentase pembentukan kalus tertinggi mencapai 100% dengan warna dan tekstur kalus yang dihasilkan putih dan remah. Kata Kunci : Induksi Kalus, Cengkeh, 2,4-D.
EKSPLORASI DAN KARAKTERISASI CENDAWAN TANAH PADA RIZOSFER SAWI
Authors: Pudjiwati Eko Hary , Sari Nur Faradila , Jamaludin Jamaludin 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTSoil fungis are one of the soil microbes that can be beneficial or detrimental to plants, so they play an important rolein agriculture. This study aims to determine the abundance and characterization of soil fungi in the rhizosphere ofmustard greens. Isolation and identification of soil fungus was carried out in the Pest and Disease Laboratory of theFaculty of Agriculture, University of Borneo Tarakan. The fungus was characterized macroscopically andmicroscopically, and the pathogenicity test, phosphate dissolution activity test, proteolytic activity test and chitinhydrolysis test were carried out. The results of the study obtained 34 fungus colonies. Based on the phenotypiccharacteristics there were 9 fungi isolates with different characteristics, 4 isolates from 9 isolates were non-pathogenic.In non-pathogenic fungi isolates, 2 genera were obtained, namely genus Phialophora sp. and Paecilomyces sp. Thereare non-pathogenic fungus isolates that have proteolytic activity and chitin hydrolysis so that it has the potential as abiological fertilizer and biological agentKeywords: Soil fungis, rhizosphere, characterization ABSTRAK Cendawan tanah merupakan salah satu mikrobia tanah yang dapat bersifat menguntungkan atau merugikan bagitanaman, sehingga berperan penting dalam bidang pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahandan karakterisasi cendawan tanah di daerah rizosfer sawi. Isolasi dan identifikasi cendawan tanah dilakukan diLaboratorum Hama dan Penyakit Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Cendawan tanah dikarakterisasisecara makroskopis dan mikroskopis, dan dilakukan uji patogenesitas, uji aktivitas melarutkan fosfat, uji aktivitasproteolitik dan uji hidrolisis kitin. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 34 koloni cendawan. Berdasarkan karakteristik fenotipterdapat 9 isolat cendawan dengan karakteristik yang berbeda, 4 isolat dari 9 isolat bersifat non patogen. Pada isolatcendawan yang non patogenik, diperoleh 2 genus yaitu genus Phialophora sp. dan Paecilomyces sp. Isolat cendawannon patogenik yang diperoleh ada yang memiliki aktivitas proteolitik dan hidrolisis kitin sehingga berpotensi sebagaipupuk hayati dan agens hayati. Kata kunci: Cendawan tanah, rizosfer, karakterisasi
PEWARISAN GEN KETAHANAN JAGUNG TERHADAP PENYAKIT BULAI (Peronosclerospora maydis)
Authors: Pudjiwati Eko Hary 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTResistance to downy mildew is influenced by the source of the inherited resistance genes or parents used in the breeding program. In assembling maize varieties resistant to downy mildew, it is important to know the number and action of genes related to downy mildew resistance. This study aims to determine the number and action of genes from three hybrid varieties, namely varieties P21, P3 and NK 33 which will be used as parents. Populations of F1 and F2 from three commercial varieties of corn hybrids were used as genetic material in this study. The results showed that resistance to P. maydis was controlled by two pairs of genes with double dominant epistasis gene action for P21 variety and recessive dominant epistasis gene action for P3 and NK33 varieties. The heritability prediction value of resistance character for the three varieties was low. The genetic progress of resistance characters in P21 and NK33 varieties was low, while P3 varieties had high genetic progress values. The P3 variety can be used as a source of resistance genes for the assembly of maize varieties that are resistant to downy mildew, and selection should be carried out in the next generation.Keywords: Corn, Downy Mildew, Inheritance, Heritability, ABSTRAKKetahanan terhadap penyakit bulai dipengaruhi oleh sumber gen yang mewariskan ketahanan atau tetua yang digunakan dalam program pemuliaan. Dalam perakitan varietas jagung tahan penyakit bulai informasi jumlah dan aksi gen terkait ketahanan penyakit bulai penting untuk diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah dan aksi gen dari tiga varietas hibrida yaitu varietas P21, P3 dan NK 33 yang akan digunakan sebagai tetua. Populasi F1 dan F2 dari tiga varietas hibrida jagung komersial digunakan sebagai materi genetik dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketahanan terhadap P. maydis dikendalikan oleh dua pasang gen dengan aksi gen epistasis dominan ganda untuk varietas P21 dan aksi gen epistasis dominan resesif untuk varietas P3 dan NK33. Nilai duga heritabilitas karakter ketahanan untuk ketiga varietas tergolong rendah. Kemajuan genetik karakter ketahanan pada varietas P21 dan NK33 adalah rendah sedangkan varietas P3 mempunyai nilai kemajuan genetik tinggi. Varietas P3 dapat digunakan sebagai sumber gen ketahanan untuk perakitan varietas jagung yang tahan penyakit bulai, dan seleksi sebaiknya dilakukan pada generasi lanjut.Kata kunci: downy mildew, heritabilitas, jagung, pewarisan
Formulasi Sediaan Shampo Antiketombe Ekstrak Jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc
Authors: Sari Amelia Sari , Hayati Rima Hayati 
Published: October 2021

Ketombe merupakan suatu keadaan anomali pada kulit kepala dan salah satu penyebabnya ialah jamur Malssezia sp. Tanaman Jahe merupakan bahan alam yang mengandung senyawa antijamur, yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, triterpenoid dan steroid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi sediaan sampo antiketombe ekstrak rimpang jahe konsentrasi 3,13% dengan 2 basis yang berbeda dan evaluasi sediaan shampoo. Basis Na CMC dan HPMC dapat diformulasikan ke dalam sediaan shampoo ekstrak jahe. Evaluasi sediaan shampoo dari organoleptis, tinggi busa, pH dan viskositas sudah memenuhi persyaratan berdasarkan SNI.Kata Kunci : Shampoo, Ekstrak Jahe, Na CMC, HPMCDandruff is an anomalous condition on the scalp and one of the causes is the fungus Malssezia sp. Ginger plants are natural ingredients that contain antifungal compounds, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids and steroids. The aim of this study was to make a formulation of anti-dandruff shampoo preparations of ginger rhizome concentration of 3.13% with 2 different bases and evaluation of shampoo preparation. Base Na CMC and HPMC can be formulated into preparations of ginger extract shampoo. Evaluation of shampoo preparations from organoleptic, foam height, pH and viscosity have met the requirements based on SNI.Keywords: Shampoo, ginger exract, Na CMC, HPMC
Analisis Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Tanin Ekstrak Kulit Buah Delima Putih (Punica Granatum L.) Menggunakan Metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT)
Authors: Wahid Rahmat A Hi 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAKKulit buah delima putih (Punica granatum L.) diketahui mengandung tanin. Tanin merupakan senyawa polifenol yang dapat larut dalam air dan pelarut organik juga dapat mengendapkan protein. Tanin terdapat luas dalam tumbuhan dan digunakan untuk sarana proteksi serangan hewan, bakteri, jamur, serta dapat digunakan sebagai hepatoprotektor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara analisis tanin yang sesuai sehingga diperoleh kadar tanin dalam ekstrak kulit buah delima putih menggunakan metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT).Kulit buah delima putih diekstraksi dengan pelarut etanol 70% dengan metode maserasi selama 5 hari. Pengujian kualitatif tanin dilakukan dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dan KCKT. Sedangkan pengujian kuantitatif tanin dengan KCKT menggunakan fase diam kolom C18 Octadesyl Silane (ODS) 25 cm x 4,6 mm, fase gerak asam fosfat 0,55% (v/v), kecepatan alir 1,5 mL/menit, elusi isokratik, dan menggunakan detektor spektrofotometer UV (λ 277 nm). Hasil analisis menunjukkan waktu retensi 25,0 menit. Linearitas diperoleh dengan memplotkan luas puncak kromatogram dan konsentrasi isolat menunjukkan korelasi yang baik (r =0,999) dengan persamaan regresi linear y = 645,6x. Kadar rata-rata tanin ekstrak etanol kulit buah delima putih yang ditetapkan dengan KCKT sebesar 2,01%. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa analisis kualitatif tanin dapat dilakukan dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dan KCKT sedangkan analisis kuantitatif dapat dilakukan dengan KCKT.Kata kunci : Folin-Ciocalteu, KCKT, Kulit Buah Delima Putih (Punica granatum L.), Tanin.The peel of white pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is known to contain tannins. These chemical are polyphenols that can be disolved in water in addition to organic solvent and protein. The aim of this study is to quantify and optimize the composition of tannin extracted from pomegranate peel extract by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).The peel of white pomegranate is extracted by maceration method using 70% of ethanol liquid. HPLC and Folin-Ciocalteu was used as qualitative analyze of tannins, and quantitative analyze by HPLC with Octadesyl Silane (ODS) 25 cm x 4,6 mm as stationary phase C18 column, phosphoric acid 0,55% (v/v) as mobile phase, the flow rate 1,5 mL/minute, isocratic elution and with spectrofotometer UV detector (λ 277 nm). Result showed that a retention time of 25.0 minute.Linearity obtained by plotting the peak area of chromatogram and the concentrate of isolate showed that good correlation (r=0,999) with the equality of linear regretion y = 645,6x. The average content of extract tannins ethanol the peel of white Pomegranate that determinated with HPLC is 2,01%. As a conclusion, the qualitative analyze of tannins can be used by Folin-Ciocalteu and HPLC methods, and quantitative analyze can be used by HPLC.Keywords: Folin-Ciocalteu, HPLC, Tannins, Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
Identifikasi Flavonoid dalam Fraksi Kloroform Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steen)
Authors: Karimatulhajj Hanifah 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAKFraksi kloroform daun binahong dari ekstrak etanoliknya telah dilaporkan dapat mempercepat penyembuhan luka pada hewan uji. Penelitian ini merupakan kelanjutan dari penelitian sebelumnya untuk mengetahui keberadaan senyawa flavonoid dalam fraksi kloroform daun binahong dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis. Ekstrak etanol daun binahong diawalemakkan dengan n-heksan kemudian difraksinasi dengan kloroform menggunakan metode fraksinasi cair-padat. Selanjutnya fraksi dielusi dengan fase gerak n-heksan:etil asetat:metanol dengan perbandingan 6:3:1 dan fase diam silica gel 60F254. Deteksi semprot menggunakan pereaksi sitroborat yang sensitif terhadap senyawa flavonoid. Hasil KLT menunjukkan adanya 11 spot pada fraksi kloroform daun binahong yang di dalamnya tidak terdapat senyawa flavonoid.Kata kunci : KLT, Fraksi Kloroform Daun Binahong, Flavonoid, Penyembuhan lukaChloroform fraction of madeira vine leaf (FKDB) from the ethanolic extract (EEDB) was reported could promotes wound healing on gentle rat wistar animal testing. Quercetin flavonoid is the one of phytochemical that has wound healing pharmacology activity. Quercetin was found in the shoot part of madeira vine plants. The Leaf was located at the shoot part of plant that might contain flavonoid. This study was conduct to determine contain of quercetin in madeira vine’s leaf especially at chloroform fraction. EEDB made with maseration method. Madeira vine’s leaf powder soaked with ethanol 96% for 4 days and stirred for 3 hours then soaked again. Filtrate was taken after 24 hours and repeated until 4 days with solvent replacement. The extract was concentrated using rotary evaporator at50o C until concentrated. The solven evaporated using waterbath at the same temperature. Extract was defatted with n-hexane and fracionated with chloroform using liquid-solid method until obtain FKDB. Identification of phytochemical compounds in the chloroform fraction of madeira vine’s leaves by thin layer chromatography method. The fraction eluted in saturated chamber using mobile phase mixture of n-hexan:ethyl asetate:methanol with comparison 6:3:1 and activated silica gel 60F254 as stationary phase. Spray detection using citroborat reagent which is sensitive to flavonoids. The result identificated using UV 254 and UV 366 showed that any 11 spot in the chloroform fraction of madeira vine’s leaves with no presense quercetin flavonoid there.
Service-Learning as an Independent Course: Merits, Challenges, and Ways Forward
Authors: Ma Carol Hok Ka , Lo Dawn Fei Yin 
Published: October 2021

In Hong Kong, service-learning is commonly regarded as a pedagogy for facilitating students’ learning of specific subject knowledge; rarely does it serve as an independent course focusing on developing students’ knowledge and skills of service-learning itself. At Lingnan University, however, the Office of Service-Learning offers an independent, credit-bearing service-learning course outside of other academic departments. The course aims to equip students with knowledge, skills, and attitudes about service-learning and to prepare them for future engagement in service activities within communities. This article reports on a case study of this independent service-learning course, with particular emphasis on the course development process. Assessment and evaluation data from students are also reported, followed by a discussion of the merits and challenges of implementing such a course, and a consideration of ways forward. The authors argue that the lessons learned from this study can help to inform the design of independent service-learning courses specifically and improve the quality of service-learning courses and programs in higher education in general.
A Framework for Dialogue within Service-Learning: Lessons from Philosophy for Children
Authors: Taylor Jason 
Published: October 2021

This article argues that the field of community service-learning should adopt a “community of inquiry” model for classroom dialogue. Specifically, the author claims that communities of inquiry, as expounded by the Philosophy for Children movement, can help to overcome certain educational barriers that have been identified in both the theoretical and empirical service-learning literature by providing a general model for productive classroom dialogue. Moreover, this dialogical model, given its relative parsimony, promises to be amenable to many of the distinct (and potentially incompatible) theoretical models that inform service-learning approaches.
International Practices for Russian Taxi Market Regulation
Authors: Morosanova A. A. , Meleshkina A. I. 
Published: October 2021

The analysis of international experience in regulating taxi markets allows to identify potential risks of regulatory interference in the passenger transportation markets in Russia. Section 1 examines the international experience of tariff regulation and taxi market deregulation measures, taking into account empirical studies of the tariff restrictions effectiveness. Section 2 contains examples of quotas, restricted the number of passenger taxis or licenses. Since regulatory practice is not limited to these methods, section 3 provides cases of establishing additional requirements for the carrier's activities. The conclusion contains all cases summary and a list of potential risks of implementing the tariff regulation policy in taxi market in Russian Federation. It is concluded that markets with dynamic pricing may react ambiguously to the straightening or weakening of tariff and quotas regulation.The research is based on the theory of institutional change, including developments on the problems of institutional design and regulatory impact assessment.The choice of cases is determined by the information availability about the results of the introduced regime of taxi services regulation. This makes it possible to analyze the qualitative characteristics of relevant market dynamics without diving into quantitative calculations and collecting statistics.
Between Drugs and Society: Moral Experiences and Drug Addiction in Ouagadougou
Authors: van Dijk Annigje , Zerbo Roger 
Published: October 2021

Cet article questionne les mondes moraux et les expériences d’usagers de drogues tels qu’ils ont été rapportés par des personnes dépendantes de l’héroïne et/ou de la cocaïne à Ouagadougou, la capitale du Burkina Faso. Les expériences de ces usagers sont marquées par un conflit permanent entre le besoin de consommer des drogues et l’incapacité simultanée de vivre une « bonne vie », c’est-à-dire d’assurer le rôle social associé à différentes étapes de la vie. Cette recherche s’ajoute ainsi aux rares travaux scientifiques qui se sont attachés à comprendre le monde des drogues en Afrique du point de vue des consommateurs.
L’irrévérence politique ou le pillage symbolique du chef de l’État gabonais
Authors: Ondo Placide 
Published: October 2021

Ce texte traite de la lutte politique au Gabon. Il montre que la confiscation du pouvoir par l’actuel chef de l’État à l’issue du scrutin présidentiel de 2016 a provoqué chez ses adversaires une entrée dans la « résistance » afin de le délégitimer. Ces derniers développent alors l’irrévérence comme action contestataire envers ce régime. Ils la chargent des ressentiments accumulés depuis l’arrivée d’Ali Bongo au pouvoir en 2009 pour alimenter les agressions symboliques. La stratégie consiste, d’une part, à diversifier les types d’agression et les angles d’attaque et, d’autre part, à répartir les agressions entre différents espaces symboliques et physiques.