bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EMANCIPATION OF MASTURBATION IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY HUNGARY
Authors: SZEGEDI GÁBOR 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, I discuss the emancipation of masturbation in twentieth-century Hungary, focusing on the socialist, Kádár era (late 1950s to late 1980s), which I claim was the time when the discourses concerning masturbation underwent profound transformation. I use Thomas Laqueur's periodization of discourses on masturbation in the West and make the case that in Hungary, due to its twentieth-century political and intellectual history, which affected both the institutionalization of sexology and discourses on sexuality, there is a markedly different chronology. In Hungary, interwar socialists were the first to suggest a new approach toward masturbation but these ideas remained marginal during the Horthy regime and in the ‘Stalinist’ 1950s. In the early years of the Kádár regime, debates about sexual morality reformulated what should be understood under socialist sexual morality. The concept of socialist humanism, especially Imre Hirschler's work, linked early 1960s sex education with the interwar socialist discourse on sex and paved the way to the emancipation of masturbation and the establishment of a post-Stalinist, socialist sexual ethics. In the 1970s and 1980s, iconic sexologists like Vilmos Szilágyi and Béla Buda moved away from socialist humanism and continued Hirschler's work, but mirroring the perspectives of contemporary Western science.
Glucose in a maturation medium with reduced NaCl improves oocyte maturation and embryonic development after somatic cell nuclear transfer and in vitro fertilization in pigs
Authors: Lee Yongjin , Lee Hanna , Lee Joohyeong , Lee Seung Tae , Lee Geun-Shik , Lee Eunsong 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThis study was conducted to examine whether glucose in maturation medium containing reduced NaCl could improve oocyte maturation and embryonic development in pigs. The base medium was bovine serum albumin-free porcine zygote medium (PZM)-3 containing 10% (v/v) pig follicular fluid (FPZM) or 0.1% (w/v) polyvinyl alcohol (PPZM). Using each medium, the effects of NaCl concentrations (108 and 61.6 mM) and 5.56 mM glucose supplementation (designated as PZM108N, PZM108G, PZM61N, and PZM61G, respectively) were examined using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. When oocytes were matured in FPZM, glucose supplementation improved nuclear maturation compared with no supplementation, regardless of the NaCl concentrations. FPZM61G showed a higher blastocyst formation compared with FPZM108N and FPZM108G after parthenogenesis (PA). Blastocyst formations of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos derived from FPZM61N and FPZM61G were higher compared with those of oocytes from FPZM108N. When oocytes were matured in PPZM, glucose added to PPZM108 and PPZM61 increased nuclear maturation compared with no supplementation. However, glucose added to PPZM108 did not alter embryonic development after PA. Additionally, oocytes matured in PPZM61G showed a higher blastocyst formation compared with those from PPZM61N. In SCNT, blastocyst formation was not influenced by glucose supplementation of PPZM108, but was increased by maturation in glucose-supplemented PPZM61. In embryonic development of in vitro fertilization (IVF), oocytes matured in medium with reduced NaCl and glucose showed significantly higher blastocyst formation compared with those matured in PPZM108G. Our results demonstrated that glucose in maturation medium containing 61.6 mM NaCl increased oocyte maturation and embryonic development after PA, SCNT, and IVF.
Weight self-perception in adolescents: evidence from a population-based study
Authors: San Martini Mariana Contiero , de Assumpção Daniela , Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo , Barros Filho Antônio de Azevedo , Mattei Josiemer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:To evaluate weight misperception among adolescents and determine associations between self-perceived weight and socio-demographic characteristics, BMI, screen time, self-rated food quantity and diet quality, weekly frequency of breakfast and the consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods.Design:A cross-sectional, two-stage, probabilistic population-based study was conducted in Campinas, Brazil. Multinomial logistic regressions were run to estimate weight self-perception.Setting:Data from the Campinas Health Survey (ISACamp) and Campinas Food Consumption Survey (ISACamp-Nutri).Participants:A total of 911 adolescents aged 10–19 years.Results:Nearly half (47·7 %) of the adolescents with overweight/obesity did not evaluate their weight properly. Weight self-perception as thin and excess weight was associated with the female gender, overweight/obesity, self-rated diet quality as poor/very poor and eating snacks ≥3 times/week. Adolescents who did not consume breakfast daily were less likely to perceive themselves as thin. Adolescents who ate excessively were more likely and those who consumed cookies/crackers ≥3 times/week were less likely to perceive themselves as having excess weight.Conclusions:Greater weight misperception was found in overweight/obese adolescents. Gender, BMI, self-rated food quantity/diet quality, weekly frequency of breakfast and some unhealthy foods were associated with self-perceived weight. The present findings could contribute to health promotion strategies targeting adolescents.
ON FUNDAMENTAL FOURIER COEFFICIENTS OF SIEGEL MODULAR FORMS
Authors: Böcherer Siegfried , Das Soumya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe prove that if F is a nonzero (possibly noncuspidal) vector-valued Siegel modular form of any degree, then it has infinitely many nonzero Fourier coefficients which are indexed by half-integral matrices having odd, square-free (and thus fundamental) discriminant. The proof uses an induction argument in the setting of vector-valued modular forms. Further, as an application of a variant of our result and complementing the work of A. Pollack, we show how to obtain an unconditional proof of the functional equation of the spinor L-function of a holomorphic cuspidal Siegel eigenform of degree
$3$
and level
$1$
.
Characterizing Mean and Extreme Diurnal Variability of Ocean CO2 System Variables Across Marine Environments
Authors: Torres Olivier , Kwiatkowski Lester , Sutton Adrienne J. , Dorey Narimane , Orr James C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDiurnal variability of ocean CO2 system variables is poorly constrained. Here, this variability and its drivers are assessed using 3‐h observations collected over 8–140 months at 37 stations located in diverse marine environments. Extreme diurnal variability, that is, when the daily amplitude exceeds the 99th percentile of diurnal variability, is comparable in magnitude to the seasonal amplitude and can surpass projected changes in mean states of pCO2 and [H+] over the twenty‐first century. At coastal sites and near coral reefs, extremes in diurnal amplitudes reach 187 ± 85 and 149 ± 106 μatm for pCO2, 0.21 ± 0.08 and 0.11 ± 0.07 for pH, and 1.2 ± 0.5 and 0.8 ± 0.4 for Ωarag, respectively. Extreme diurnal variability is weaker in the open ocean, but still reaches 47 ± 18 μatm for pCO2, 0.04 ± 0.01 for pH, and 0.25 ± 0.11 for Ωarag. Diurnal variability of the ocean CO2 system is considerable and likely to respond to increasing CO2. Therefore, it should be represented in Earth system models.
Phosphatase PP2A enhances MCL-1 protein half-life in multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Slomp Anne , Moesbergen Laura M. , Eldering Eric , Kersten Marie José , Minnema Monique C. , Peperzak Victor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM), a treatable but incurable malignancy, is characterized by the growth of clonal plasma cells in protective niches in the bone marrow. MM cells depend on expression of BCL-2 family proteins, in particular MCL-1, for survival. The regulation of MCL-1 is complex and cell type-dependent. Unraveling the exact mechanism by which MCL-1 is overexpressed in MM may provide new therapeutic strategies for inhibition in malignant cells, preferably limiting side effects in healthy cells. In this study, we reveal that one cause of overexpression could be stabilization of the MCL-1 protein. We demonstrate this in a subset of MM and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines and MM patient samples. We applied a phosphatase siRNA screen to identify phosphatases responsible for MCL-1 stabilization in MM, and revealed PP2A as the MCL-1 stabilizing phosphatase. Using the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid, we validated that PP2A dephosphorylates MCL-1 at Ser159 and/or Thr163, and thereby stabilizes MCL-1 in MM cells with long MCL-1 half-life, but not in DLBCL cells. Combined kinase and phosphatase inhibition experiments suggest that the MCL-1 half-life in MM is regulated by the counteracting functions of JNK and PP2A. These findings increase the understanding of the mechanisms by which MCL-1 is post-translationally regulated, which may provide novel strategies to inhibit MCL-1 in MM cells.
The prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in China
Authors: Chang Le , Hou Wangheng , Zhao Lei , Zhang Yali , Wang Yanbin , Wu Linfeng , Xu Tingting , Wang Lilin , Wang Juan , Ma Jian , Wang Lan , Zhao Junpeng , Xu Jing , Dong Juan , Yan Ying , Yang Ru , Li Yu , Guo Fei , Cheng Wenjuan , Su Yingying , Zeng Jinfeng , Han Wei , Cheng Tong , Zhang Jun , Yuan Quan , Xia Ningshao , Wang Lunan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among blood donors in the cities of Wuhan, Shenzhen, and Shijiazhuang in China. From January to April 2020, 38,144 healthy blood donors in the three cities were tested for total antibody against SARS-CoV-2 followed by pseudotype SARS-CoV-2 neutralization tests, IgG, and IgM antibody testing. Finally, a total of 398 donors were confirmed positive. The age- and sex-standardized SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among 18–60 year-old adults (18–65 year-old in Shenzhen) was 2.66% (95% CI: 2.24%–3.07%) in Wuhan, 0.033% (95% CI: 0.0029%–0.267%) in Shenzhen, and 0.0028% (95% CI: 0.0001%–0.158%) in Shijiazhuang, respectively. Female sex and older-age were identified to be independent risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among blood donors in Wuhan. As most of the population of China remained uninfected during the early wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, effective public health measures are still certainly required to block viral spread before a vaccine is widely available.
Glycan chip based on structure-switchable DNA linker for on-chip biosynthesis of cancer-associated complex glycans
Authors: Heo Hye Ryoung , Joo Kye Il , Seo Jeong Hyun , Kim Chang Sup , Cha Hyung Joon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOn-chip glycan biosynthesis is an effective strategy for preparing useful complex glycan sources and for preparing glycan-involved applications simultaneously. However, current methods have some limitations when analyzing biosynthesized glycans and optimizing enzymatic reactions, which could result in undefined glycan structures on a surface, leading to unequal and unreliable results. In this work, a glycan chip is developed by introducing a pH-responsive i-motif DNA linker to control the immobilization and isolation of glycans on chip surfaces in a pH-dependent manner. On-chip enzymatic glycosylations are optimized for uniform biosynthesis of cancer-associated Globo H hexasaccharide and its related complex glycans through stepwise quantitative analyses of isolated products from the surface. Successful interaction analyses of the anti-Globo H antibody and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with on-chip biosynthesized Globo H-related glycans demonstrate the feasibility of the structure-switchable DNA linker-based glycan chip platform for on-chip complex glycan biosynthesis and glycan-involved applications.
N4BP1 negatively regulates NF-κB by binding and inhibiting NEMO oligomerization
Authors: Shi Hexin , Sun Lei , Wang Ying , Liu Aijie , Zhan Xiaoming , Li Xiaohong , Tang Miao , Anderton Priscilla , Hildebrand Sara , Quan Jiexia , Ludwig Sara , Moresco Eva Marie Y. , Beutler Bruce 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany immune responses depend upon activation of NF-κB, an important transcription factor in the elicitation of a cytokine response. Here we show that N4BP1 inhibits TLR-dependent activation of NF-κB by interacting with the NF-κB signaling essential modulator (NEMO, also known as IκB kinase γ) to attenuate NEMO–NEMO dimerization or oligomerization. The UBA-like (ubiquitin associated-like) and CUE-like (ubiquitin conjugation to ER degradation-like) domains in N4BP1 mediate interaction with the NEMO COZI domain. Both in vitro and in mice, N4bp1 deficiency specifically enhances TRIF-independent (TLR2, TLR7, or TLR9-mediated) but not TRIF-dependent (TLR3 or TLR4-mediated) NF-κB activation, leading to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. In response to TLR4 or TLR3 activation, TRIF causes activation of caspase-8, which cleaves N4BP1 distal to residues D424 and D490 and abolishes its inhibitory effect. N4bp1−/− mice also have diminished numbers of T cells in the peripheral blood. Our work identifies N4BP1 as an inhibitory checkpoint protein that must be overcome to activate NF-κB, and a TRIF-initiated caspase-8-dependent mechanism by which this is accomplished.
Long-term ocean acidification trends in coastal waters around Japan
Authors: Ishida Hiroshi , Isono Ryosuke S. , Kita Jun , Watanabe Yutaka W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study examines long-term ocean pH data to evaluate ocean acidification (OA) trends at two coastal research institutions located on the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean. These laboratories are located away from the influences of large rivers and major industrial activity. Measurements were performed daily for the past 30 years (1980s–2010s). The average annual ocean pH for both sites showed generally negative trends. These trends were – 0.0032 and – 0.0068 year–1(p < 0.001) at the Sea of Japan and Pacific Ocean sites, respectively. The trends were superimposed onto approximately 10-year oscillations, which appear to synchronize with the ocean current periodicity. At the Sea of Japan site, the ocean pH in the summer was higher, and the rate of OA was higher than during other seasons. Our results suggest that seasonality and ocean currents influence OA in the coastal areas of open oceans and can affect the coastal regions of marginal seas.
A bio-inspired mononuclear manganese catalyst for high-rate electrochemical hydrogen production
Authors: Yang Jie , He Shuanglin , Wu Qianqian , Zhang Ping , Chen Lin , Huang Fang , Li Fei 
Published: March 2021

A bio-inspired manganese molecular catalyst featuring an intramolecular aniline as a proton relay was synthesized and used for hydrogen production. Electrochemical measurements with this complex show excellent activity (turnover frequency over 104 s−1).
Medial Extension of Medial Sphenoid Wing Meningioma from the Anterior Clinoid Line: Does It Truly Affect the Surgical Outcome?
Authors: Arab Ala , Hawsawi Aysha , Bafaquh Mohammed , Orz Yasser , AlYamany Mahmoud , Alobaid Abdullah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Medial sphenoid wing meningiomas (MSWMs) account for approximately 20% of all meningiomas that are known for their critical relation to neurovasculture structures.
Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between the maximum diameter of the MSWM medial to the anterior clinoidal line (AC line) and surgical outcome.
Methods This is a retrospective cohort study investigating all surgically resected MSWM cases at our institution over 10 years. The patients were divided into groups A and B based on the average ratio between the maximum medial extension of the MSWM from the AC line to the maximum diameter of the tumor, that is, value I = 0.42 (group A ≤ 0.42 and group B > 0.42). And into groups C and D based on the average medial extension of the tumor, that is, 14 mm (group C ≤ and D group D > 14 mm). These measurements were correlated with patients' demographics, preoperative symptoms, and postoperative assessment.
Results Among 150 patients, 51patients had MSWM that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Among them, 76.47% were females with a median age of 48 years (standard deviation [SD] = 47.75 ± 15.11). Also, 92% of the cases were World Health Organization (WHO) grade I. The follow-up period was 0.5 to 10 years. Among them, 40% of group C had gross total resection (GTR), whereas 43% in group D. In group B, 70% had GTR, whereas 48% had GTR in group A. None of the patients developed statistically significant postoperative complications. There is no statistically significant difference in the risk complication with medial extension in all groups.
Conclusion The degree of medial extension of MSWM from the AC line has no statistically significant correlation with major postoperative complications, extent of resection, or clinical outcome.
Primary Dural Repair via an Endoscopic Endonasal Corridor: Preliminary Development of a 3D-Printed Model for Training
Authors: Nebor Ivanna , Hussein Ahmed E. , Montemagno Kora , Fumagalli Rebecca , Labiad Ikrame , Xu Alice , Anderson Zoe , Patil Yash , Sedaghat Ahmad R. , Forbes Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives Endonasal suturing is an investigational method for dural repair that has been reported to decrease the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid fistula. This method requires handling of single-shaft instrumentation in the narrow endonasal corridor. In this study, we designed a low-cost, surgical model using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to simulate dural repair through the endonasal corridor and subsequently assess the utility of the model for surgical training.
Methods Using an Ultimaker 2+ printer, a 3D-printed replica of the cranial base and nasal cavity was fitted with tissue allograft to recapitulate the dural layer. Residents, fellows, and attending surgeons were asked to place two sutures using a 0-degree endoscope and single-shaft needle driver. Task completion time was recorded. Participants were asked to fill out a Likert scale questionnaire after the experiment.
Results Twenty-six participants were separated into groups based on their prior endoscope experience: novice, intermediate, and expert. Twenty-one (95.5%) residents and fellows rated the model as “excellent” or “good” in enhancing their technical skills with endoscopic instrumentation. Three of four (75%) of attendings felt that the model was “excellent” or “good” in usefulness for training in dural suturing. Novice participants required an average of 11 minutes for task completion, as compared with 8.7 minutes for intermediates and 5.7 minutes for experts.
Conclusion The proposed model appears to be highly effective in enhancing the endoscopic skills and recapitulating the task of dural repair. Such a low-cost model may be especially important in enhancing endoscopic facility in countries/regions with limited access to cadaveric specimens.
Periorbital Soft Tissue Trauma
Authors: Seol Young , Dweck Monica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEyelid trauma occurs across a broad spectrum of pathology, ranging from simple periorbital lacerations to severe, vision-threatening injuries requiring expert oculoplastic consultation. Any injury, no matter how benign, is also inherently cosmetically sensitive, further adding to the reconstructive challenge. In this review, we discuss the anatomy of the eyelid and develop an understanding of evaluating for signs of more serious, potentially occult, trauma. A framework is developed for approaching the patient with periorbital trauma to assess for injury and triage necessary treatments. Damage to the lacrimal drainage system, which can be particularly difficult to detect and repair, is specifically emphasized and explored.
Time-averaging and temporal-filtering in wall-modeled large eddy simulation
Authors: Hosseinzade H. , Bergstrom D. J. 
Published: March 2021

A turbulent channel flow at a Reynolds number of Reτ=2000 is solved based on the spatially filtered Navier–Stokes equations using large eddy simulation and an in-house code. A nonequilibrium wall model is implemented to predict the flow in the wall layer based on the Reynolds-averaged approach. To mitigate the log-layer mismatch, which is often encountered in wall modeling, two temporal schemes are introduced to average the wall layer solution and to filter the flow information input to the wall layer. It is found that the time periods used for the time-averaging and temporal-filtering schemes affect the performance of the wall model. The results show that shorter time periods enable the wall model to respond to the flow structures in the outer layer and correctly predict the friction velocity. However, the prediction of the friction velocity also depends on the location of the matching point. Locating the matching point further from the wall results in better performance due to the compatibility of the subgrid scale model with the grid resolution further from the wall. The temporal-filtering scheme is used to remove nonessential high-frequency wavelengths that can disturb the functionality of wall modeling. Various combinations of the time-averaging and temporal-filtering time periods are investigated for different locations of the matching point. Overall, it is concluded that using a shorter period for time-averaging and a temporal-filtering period comparable to the turbulent diffusion timescale leads to improved results.
Invasive alien species in changing marine Arctic economies and ecosystems
Authors: Kaiser Brooks A. , Kourantidou Melina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The rate of change in Arctic marine environments in response to shifts driven by climate change threatens Arctic resilience. The growing recognition and visibility of these changes have scientific and social roots. Mitigating these consequences is therefore a social-scientific concern. Multiple scales, perspectives, and governance systems for Arctic marine environments, alongside receding climate and economic barriers to species movements and scientific research, create challenges and opportunities that differ in magnitude and breadth from marine invasions elsewhere. The receding barriers in the marine Arctic amplify the potential ecological and economic consequences from new species introductions and range expansions from adjacent biomes. While there is consensus that marine invasive species can cause severe damages to ecosystems and resource-dependent communities, which species pose what threats, and to whom, remain complex dynamic socioecological and biogeophysical economic questions. Decisions over prevention, detection, and monitoring along with institutional frameworks for cooperating and responding to threats also affect the expected severity of impacts. Technologies, and costs, for identifying and monitoring species compositions and risks are evolving, with novel research advances as well as increasingly sophisticated ecological-economic, environmental niche, and habitat suitability models. Despite advances in understanding drivers and dynamics of new species introductions, a dearth of baseline knowledge regarding Arctic marine invasions remains. Potential consequences extend beyond ecosystem changes and include legal, institutional, and social shifts. Studies on the red king and snow crab invasions in the Barents Sea from multiple disciplinary angles showcase complex social, economic, and ecological interconnections that are transforming communities and ecosystems.
Iceland – Fishing Traditions and Visitor Experience
Authors: Jackie Ellis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fishing and fish processing are central to Iceland’s heritage and cultural identity, as well as its economic prosperity. However, a series of events, including the 2008 banking crash and the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption, saw this small island nation facing a calamitous financial position.

Information
Research undertaken by Jackie Ellis
© Jackie Ellis 2020