bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Class II correction by maxillary en masse distalization using a completely customized lingual appliance and a novel mini-screw anchorage concept – preliminary results
Authors: Beyling Frauke , Klang Elisabeth , Niehoff Eva , Schwestka-Polly Rainer , Helms Hans-Joachim , Wiechmann Dirk 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel en masse distalization method in the maxillary arch in combination with a completely customized lingual appliance (CCLA; WIN, DW Lingual Systems, Germany). Therefore, we tested the null-hypothesis of a significant deviation from an Angle-Class I canine relationship and a normal overjet defined by an individual target set-up after dentoalveolar compensation in Angle Class II subjects.

Methods
This retrospective study included 23 patients, (m/f 3/20, mean age 29.6 years (min/max, 13.6/50.9 years)), with inclusion criteria of an Angle Class II occlusion of more than half a cusp prior to en masse distalization and treatment completed consecutively with a CCLA in combination with a mini-screw (MS) anchorage for uni- or bilateral maxillary distalization (12 bilateral situations, totalling 35). Plaster casts taken prior to (T0) and following CCLA treatment (T3) were compared with the treatment plan / set-up (TxP, with a Class I canine relationship and a normal overjet as the treatment objective). MSs were placed following levelling and aligning (T1) and removed at the end of en masse distalization at T2. Statistical analysis was carried out using Schuirmann’s TOST [two one-sided tests] equivalence test, based on a one-sample t-test with α = 0.025 on each side (total α = 0.05).

Results
Ninety-seven percent of planned correction of the canine relationship was achieved (mean 3.6 of 3.7 mm) and also 97 % of the planned overjet correction (mean 3.1 of 3.2 mm), with a statistically significant equivalence (p < 0.0001) for canine relationship and overjet between the individual treatment plan (set-up) and the final outcome. Adverse effects were limited to the loss of n = 2 of 35 mini-screws. However, in each instance, the treatment was completed, as scheduled, without replacing them. Accordingly, the null-hypothesis was rejected.

Conclusions
The technique presented allows for a predictable correction of an Angle-Class II malocclusion via dentoalveolar compensation with maxillary en masse distalization.
Which triggers could support timely identification of primary antibody deficiency? A qualitative study using the patient perspective
Authors: Janssen Lisanne M. A. , van den Akker Kim , Boussihmad Mohamed A. , de Vries Esther 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Patients with predominantly (primary) antibody deficiencies (PADs) commonly develop recurrent respiratory infections which can lead to bronchiectasis, long-term morbidity and increased mortality. Recognizing symptoms and making a diagnosis is vital to enable timely treatment. Studies on disease presentation have mainly been conducted using medical files rather than direct contact with PAD patients. Our study aims to analyze how patients appraised their symptoms and which factors were involved in a decision to seek medical care.

Methods
14 PAD-patients (11 women; median 44, range 16-68 years) were analyzed using semi-structured interviews until saturation of key emergent themes was achieved.

Results
Being always ill featured in all participant stories. Often from childhood onwards periods of illness were felt to be too numerous, too bad, too long-lasting, or antibiotics were always needed to get better. Recurrent or persistent respiratory infections were the main triggers for patients to seek care. All participants developed an extreme fatigue, described as a feeling of physical and mental exhaustion and thus an extreme burden on daily life that was not solved by taking rest. Despite this, participants tended to normalize their symptoms and carry on with usual activities. Non-immunologists, as well as patients, misattributed the presenting signs and symptoms to common, self-limiting illnesses or other ‘innocent’ explanations. Participants in a way understood the long diagnostic delay. They know that the disease is rare and that doctors have to cover a broad medical area. But they were more critical about the way the doctors communicate with them. They feel that doctors often don’t listen very well to their patients. The participants’ symptoms as well as the interpretation of these symptoms by their social environment and doctors had a major emotional impact on the participants and a negative influence on their future perspectives.

Conclusions
To timely identify PAD, ‘pattern recognition’ should not only focus on the medical ‘red flags’, but also on less differentiating symptoms, such as ‘being always ill’ and ‘worn out’ and the way patients cope with these problems. And, most important, making time to really listen to the patient remains the key.
Cocaine-induced neuron subtype mitochondrial dynamics through Egr3 transcriptional regulation
Authors: Cole Shannon L. , Chandra Ramesh , Harris Maya , Patel Ishan , Wang Torrance , Kim Hyunjae , Jensen Leah , Russo Scott J. , Turecki Gustavo , Gancarz-Kausch Amy M. , Dietz David M. , Lobo Mary Kay 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMitochondrial function is required for brain energy homeostasis and neuroadaptation. Recent studies demonstrate that cocaine affects mitochondrial dynamics and morphological characteristics within the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Further, mitochondria are differentially regulated by cocaine in dopamine receptor-1 containing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) vs dopamine receptor-2 (D2)-MSNs. However, there is little understanding into cocaine-induced transcriptional mechanisms and their role in regulating mitochondrial processes. Here, we demonstrate that cocaine enhances binding of the transcription factor, early growth response factor 3 (Egr3), to nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial function and dynamics. Moreover, cocaine exposure regulates mRNA of these mitochondria-associated nuclear genes in both contingent or noncontingent cocaine administration and in both rodent models and human postmortem tissue. Interestingly, several mitochondrial nuclear genes showed distinct profiles of expression in D1-MSNs vs D2-MSNs, with cocaine exposure generally increasing mitochondrial-associated nuclear gene expression in D1-MSNs vs suppression in D2-MSNs. Further, blunting Egr3 expression in D1-MSNs blocks cocaine-enhancement of the mitochondrial-associated transcriptional coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC1α), and the mitochondrial fission molecule, dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1). Finally, reduction of D1-MSN Egr3 expression attenuates cocaine-induced enhancement of small-sized mitochondria, causally demonstrating that Egr3 regulates mitochondrial morphological adaptations. Collectively, these studies demonstrate cocaine exposure impacts mitochondrial dynamics and morphology by Egr3 transcriptional regulation of mitochondria-related nuclear gene transcripts; indicating roles for these molecular mechanisms in neuronal function and plasticity occurring with cocaine exposure.
A case of synchronous serous ovarian cancer and uterine serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma
Authors: Shimizu Maho , Yamanaka Keitaro , Azumi Maho , Tomimoto Masako , Washio Keiichi , Takahashi Ryosuke , Nagamata Satoshi , Murata Yuka , Yamasaki Yui , Terai Yoshito 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (SEIC) is now considered to represent an early stage of uterine serous carcinoma (USC). It is an intraepithelial lesion but has been reported to cause extrauterine metastases. We report a case of SEIC with serous ovarian carcinoma and lymph node metastasis.

Case presentation
A 57-year-old post-menopausal woman (gravida 3, para 2, SA1) was referred to our hospital with lower abdominal pain. An ultrasound and MRI showed that the ovary had swollen to 8 cm in size and had a solid lesion. The uterus was normal. The patient underwent exploratory laparoscopy on the suspicion of torsion of the ovarian tumor. Intraoperative findings showed a right ovarian tumor, but no ovarian tumor torsion was observed. A small amount of bloody ascites was found in the Douglas fossa, and bleeding was observed from the tumor itself. A right salpingo-oophorectomy was then performed. Histopathological results revealed a high-grade serous carcinoma. Forty days after the first surgery, we performed a staging laparotomy: a total abdominal hysterectomy, left salpingo-oophorectomy, systematic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy, and a partial omentectomy. A complete cytoreduction was achieved. In the pathological examination, the invasion of the serous carcinoma was observed in the left ovarian ligament, and lymph node metastasis was found in the paraaortic lymph nodes. Atypical columnar cells formed irregular papillary lesions which had proliferated in the endometrium, and this was diagnosed as SEIC. The final diagnosis was serous ovarian cancer, FIGO stage IIIA1(ii), pT2bN1M0, with SEIC.

Conclusion
We report a case of SEIC with synchronous serous carcinoma of the adnexa uteri. Both were serous carcinomas and, thus, it was difficult to identify the primary lesion. The distinction between metastatic cancer and two independent primary tumors is important for an accurate diagnosis and tumor staging. Histological diagnostic criteria remain controversial, and further development of a method for differentiating between both diseases is required.
Evolution of mouse circadian enhancers from transposable elements
Authors: Judd Julius , Sanderson Hayley , Feschotte Cédric 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Transposable elements are increasingly recognized as a source of cis-regulatory variation. Previous studies have revealed that transposons are often bound by transcription factors and some have been co-opted into functional enhancers regulating host gene expression. However, the process by which transposons mature into complex regulatory elements, like enhancers, remains poorly understood. To investigate this process, we examined the contribution of transposons to the cis-regulatory network controlling circadian gene expression in the mouse liver, a well-characterized network serving an important physiological function.

Results
ChIP-seq analyses reveal that transposons and other repeats contribute ~ 14% of the binding sites for core circadian regulators (CRs) including BMAL1, CLOCK, PER1/2, and CRY1/2, in the mouse liver. RSINE1, an abundant murine-specific SINE, is the only transposon family enriched for CR binding sites across all datasets. Sequence analyses and reporter assays reveal that the circadian regulatory activity of RSINE1 stems from the presence of imperfect CR binding motifs in the ancestral RSINE1 sequence. These motifs matured into canonical motifs through point mutations after transposition. Furthermore, maturation occurred preferentially within elements inserted in the proximity of ancestral CR binding sites. RSINE1 also acquired motifs that recruit nuclear receptors known to cooperate with CRs to regulate circadian gene expression specifically in the liver.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the birth of enhancers from transposons is predicated both by the sequence of the transposon and by the cis-regulatory landscape surrounding their genomic integration site.
Viral metagenomics reveals the presence of novel Zika virus variants in Aedes mosquitoes from Barbados
Authors: Thannesberger J. , Rascovan N. , Eisenmann A. , Klymiuk I. , Zittra C. , Fuehrer H. P. , Scantlebury-Manning T. , Gittens-St.Hilaire M. , Austin S. , Landis R. C. , Steininger C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic of 2015/2016 spread throughout numerous countries. It emerged in mainland Latin America and spread to neighboring islands, including the Caribbean island of Barbados. Recent studies have indicated that the virus must have already been circulating in local mosquito populations in Brazil for almost 2 years before it was identified by the World Health Organization in 2015. Metagenomic detection assays have the potential to detect emerging pathogens without prior knowledge of their genomic nucleic acid sequence. Yet their applicability as vector surveillance tools has been widely limited by the complexity of DNA populations from field-collected mosquito preparations. The aim of this study was to investigate local vector biology and characterize metagenomic arbovirus diversity in Aedes mosquitoes during the ongoing 2015/2016 ZIKV epidemic.

Methods
We performed a short-term vector screening study on the island of Barbados during the ongoing 2015/2016 ZIKV epidemic, where we sampled local Aedes mosquitoes. We reanalyzed mosquito viral microbiome data derived from standard Illumina MiSeq sequencing to detect arbovirus sequences. Additionally, we employed deep sequencing techniques (Illumina HiSeq) and designed a novel bait capture enrichment assay to increase sequencing efficiency for arbovirus sequences from complex DNA samples.

Results
We found that Aedes aegypti seemed to be the most likely vector of ZIKV, although it prevailed at a low density during the observed time period. The number of detected viruses increased with sequencing depth. Arbovirus sequence enrichment of metagenomic DNA preparations allowed the detection of arbovirus sequences of two different ZIKV genotypes, including a novel one. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the S3116W mutation in the NS5 gene region of ZIKV polyprotein.

Conclusions
The metagenomic arbovirus detection approach presented here may serve as a useful tool for the identification of epidemic-causing arboviruses with the additional benefit of enabling the collection of phylogenetic information on the source. Apart from detecting more than 88 viruses using this approach, we also found evidence of novel ZIKV variants circulating in the local mosquito population during the observed time period.

Graphical abstract
iSeq 100 for metagenomic pathogen screening in ticks
Authors: Kim Ju Yeong , Yi Myung-hee , Mahdi Alghurabi Areej Sabri , Yong Tai-Soon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites that play a pivotal role in the transmission of various pathogens to humans and animals. In Korea, Haemaphysalis longicornis is the predominant tick species and is recognized as the vector of pathogens causing various diseases such as babesiosis, borreliosis, rickettsiosis, and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.

Methods
In this study, the targeted high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region was performed using the state-of-the-art sequencing instrument, iSeq 100, to screen bacterial pathogens in H. longicornis, and the findings were compared with those using conventional PCR with specific primers. Microbiome analyses were performed with EzBioCloud, a commercially available ChunLab bioinformatics cloud platform. ANOVA-Like Differential Expression tool (ALDEx2) was used for differential abundance analysis.

Results
Rickettsia spp. were detected in 16 out of 37 samples using iSeq 100, and this was confirmed using a PCR assay. In the phylogenetic analysis using gltA and ompA sequences of the detected Rickettsia, the highest sequence similarity was found with ‘Candidatus Rickettsia jingxinensis’ isolate Xian-Hl-79, ‘Ca. R. jingxinensis’ isolate F18, and ‘Ca. R. longicornii‘ isolate ROK-HL727. In the microbiome study, Coxiella AB001519, a known tick symbiont, was detected in all 37 tick samples. Actinomycetospora chiangmaiensis was more abundant in Rickettsia-positive samples than in Rickettsia-negative samples.

Conclusions
In this study, iSeq 100 was used to investigate the microbiome of H. longicornis, and the potentially pathogenic Rickettsia strain was detected in 16 out of 37 ticks. We believe that this approach will aid in large-scale pathogen screening of arthropods to be used in vector-borne disease control programs.

Graphical Abstract
Muscle elasticity is different in individuals with diastasis recti abdominis than healthy volunteers
Authors: He Kai , Zhou Xiuling , Zhu Yulan , Wang Bo , Fu Xiaojian , Yao Qiyuan , Chen Hao , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
To determine the value of shear wave elastography (SWE) in assessing abdominal wall muscles, including rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique muscle (EO), internal oblique muscle, and transversus abdominis (TrA) in patients with diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) and healthy controls.

Methods
From October 2018 to December 2019, 36 postpartum DRA patients and 24 nulliparous healthy women were identified. Inter-rectus distance (IRD) measurements were taken by B-mode ultrasound. Shear wave speed (SWS) values were acquired by one operator at ten specific locations. Clinical and ultrasound variables, including demographics, IRD, muscle thickness, and muscle SWS, were compared between the two groups using Student’s t test or Fisher's exact test. Pearson correlation analyses were conducted for the variables of IRD, muscle thickness, and SWS in the 36 DRA patients.

Results
The maximum diameter of recti abdominus separation was located at the umbilicus in DRA patients (4.59 ± 1.14 cm). The SWS value was significantly lower in the RA (p = 0.003) and higher in the TrA muscle (p < 0.001) in DRA patients compared with the age-matched controls. However, SWS in both muscles (RA and TrA) showed a statistically positive correlation with IRD (p < 0.05). In addition, the SWS value in EO statistically decreased in DRA patients compared with the healthy controls (1.65 ± 0.15 vs. 1.79 ± 0.14, p = 0.001).

Conclusions
The application of SWE to abdominal wall muscles in DRA patients is feasible. The correlation between SWS value and IRD in RA should be interpreted with caution.
Deletion of Jdp2 enhances Slc7a11 expression in Atoh-1 positive cerebellum granule cell progenitors in vivo
Authors: Ku Chia-Chen , Wuputra Kenly , Kato Kohsuke , Pan Jia-Bin , Li Chia-Pei , Tsai Ming-Ho , Noguchi Michiya , Nakamura Yukio , Liu Chung-Jung , Chan Te-Fu , Hou Ming-Feng , Wakana Shigeharu , Wu Yang-Chang , Lin Chang-Shen , Wu Deng-Chyang , Yokoyama Kazunari K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The cerebellum is the sensitive region of the brain to developmental abnormalities related to the effects of oxidative stresses. Abnormal cerebellar lobe formation, found in Jun dimerization protein 2 (Jdp2)-knockout (KO) mice, is related to increased antioxidant formation and a reduction in apoptotic cell death in granule cell progenitors (GCPs). Here, we aim that Jdp2 plays a critical role of cerebellar development which is affected by the ROS regulation and redox control.

Objective
Jdp2-promoter-Cre transgenic mouse displayed a positive signal in the cerebellum, especially within granule cells. Jdp2-KO mice exhibited impaired development of the cerebellum compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The antioxidation controlled gene, such as cystine-glutamate transporter Slc7a11, might be critical to regulate the redox homeostasis and the development of the cerebellum.

Methods
We generated the Jdp2-promoter-Cre mice and Jdp2-KO mice to examine the levels of Slc7a11, ROS levels and the expressions of antioxidation related genes were examined in the mouse cerebellum using the immunohistochemistry.

Results
The cerebellum of Jdp2-KO mice displayed expression of the cystine-glutamate transporter Slc7a11, within the internal granule layer at postnatal day 6; in contrast, the WT cerebellum mainly displayed Sla7a11 expression in the external granule layer. Moreover, development of the cerebellar lobes in Jdp2-KO mice was altered compared with WT mice. Expression of Slc7a11, Nrf2, and p21Cip1 was higher in the cerebellum of Jdp2-KO mice than in WT mice.

Conclusion
Jdp2 is a critical regulator of Slc7a11 transporter during the antioxidation response, which might control the growth, apoptosis, and differentiation of GCPs in the cerebellar lobes. These observations are consistent with our previous study in vitro.
Spinal vertebrae localization and analysis on disproportionality in curvature using radiography—a comprehensive review
Authors: Fatima Joddat , Akram Muhammad Usman , Jameel Amina , Syed Adeel Muzaffar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn human anatomy, the central nervous system (CNS) acts as a significant processing hub. CNS is clinically divided into two major parts: the brain and the spinal cord. The spinal cord assists the overall communication network of the human anatomy through the brain. The mobility of body and the structure of the whole skeleton is also balanced with the help of the spinal bone, along with reflex control. According to the Global Burden of Disease 2010, worldwide, back pain issues are the leading cause of disability. The clinical specialists in the field estimate almost 80% of the population with experience of back issues. The segmentation of the vertebrae is considered a difficult procedure through imaging. The problem has been catered by different researchers using diverse hand-crafted features like Harris corner, template matching, active shape models, and Hough transform. Existing methods do not handle the illumination changes and shape-based variations. The low-contrast and unclear view of the vertebrae also makes it difficult to get good results. In recent times, convolutional nnural Network (CNN) has taken the research to the next level, producing high-accuracy results. Different architectures of CNN such as UNet, FCN, and ResNet have been used for segmentation and deformity analysis. The aim of this review article is to give a comprehensive overview of how different authors in different times have addressed these issues and proposed different mythologies for the localization and analysis of curvature deformity of the vertebrae in the spinal cord.