bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental proof of moisture clog through neutron tomography in a porous medium under truly one‐directional drying
Authors: Moreira Murilo Henrique , Dal Pont Stefano , Tengattini Alessandro , Luz Ana Paula , Pandolfelli Victor Carlos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStructural failure of concrete buildings on fire and complete destruction of the monolithic refractory lining during their drying stage are dangerous examples of the effect of explosive spalling on partially saturated porous media. Several observations in both cases indicated the presence of moisture accumulation ahead of the drying front, which are in tune with the most common theories on the explosive spalling of concrete. Previous studies have shown evidence of the existence of this phenomenon, however, they were biased by artifacts and experimental limitations (such as the beam hardening effect and changes in the microstructure of the material due to the presence of pressure and temperature sensors). In the current work, rapid neutron tomography was used to investigate the in‐operando drying behavior of a high‐alumina refractory castable, proposing a novel experimental layout aimed at a truly one‐dimensional drying front. This setup provided more realistic boundary conditions, such as the behavior of a larger wall heated from one of its sides, while also preventing some nonphysical artifacts (notably beam hardening). By eliminating these aspects, a direct proof that moisture accumulates ahead of the drying front was obtained. This work also lays the basis for further studies focusing on the response sensitivity analysis to boundary conditions and other parameters (e.g., heating rates and properties of the sample related to the moisture clog formation), as well as useful data for the validation and characterization stages of numerical models of partially saturated porous media.
Drivers of phylogenetic structure in Amazon freshwater fish assemblages
Authors: Salgueiro Laís , Cassemiro Fernanda A. S. , Albert James S. , Frederico Renata G. , Hidalgo Max , Hugueny Bernard , Jézéquel Céline , Ortega Hernan , Tedesco Pablo A. , Torrente‐Vilara Gislene , Zuanon Jansen , Oberdorff Thierry , Dias Murilo S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimPhylogenetic relatedness among species can provide useful information on the diversification history and past dispersal events that may have shaped contemporary assemblages. Here, using of the most comprehensive fish occurrence database currently available and a global molecular phylogeny of ray‐finned fishes, we evaluate the respective roles of historical and contemporary processes in generating and maintaining fish assemblage phylodiversity patterns among 97 sub‐drainages covering the Amazon River basin.LocationAmazon River basin.TaxonFreshwater fishes.MethodsUsing a large comprehensive database of freshwater fish species distributions, and a global molecular phylogeny of ray‐finned (actinopterygian) fishes, we estimated historical and contemporary environmental effects on sub‐drainage fish phylodiversity patterns using three phylogenetic metrics standardized for richness effect: Phylogenetic Diversity (ses.PD), Mean pairwise Phylogenetic Distance between species capturing patterns at older evolutionary timescales (ses.MPD), and Mean Nearest Taxon Distance capturing patterns at younger evolutionary timescales (ses.MNTD).ResultsWe found significant effects of elevation gradients, contemporary climate, and water types on assemblage phylodiversity patterns. Furthermore, we found significant relationships among the three phylogenetic metrics used, and between these metrics and the distance of sub‐drainages to the Amazon River mouth, representing the Amazon basin West‐East longitudinal gradient.Main conclusionsPhylogenetic diversity showed a highly non‐random spatial distribution across the Amazon basin. Beyond significant regional effects of several contemporary and historical drivers, there was a significant West‐East decline in sub‐drainage assemblages phylogenetic clustering, along with an increase in phylogenetic diversity. These latter patterns suggest deeper evolutionary divergences among taxa located to the East, and more recent radiations in the Western sub‐drainages. Based on these findings and given that assemblages are, on average more species‐rich in sub‐basins of the Western part of the basin than in their Eastern relatives, we conclude that Western Amazon can be seen as an evolutionary “cradle” of biodiversity for freshwater fishes.
Early arrhythmia recurrence after cryoballoon ablation in atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vrachatis Dimitrios A. , Papathanasiou Konstantinos A. , Kossyvakis Charalampos , Kazantzis Dimitrios , Giotaki Sotiria G. , Deftereos Gerasimos , Sanz‐Sánchez Jorge , Raisakis Konstantinos , Kaoukis Andreas , Avramides Dimitrios , Lambadiari Vaia , Siasos Gerasimos , Giannopoulos George , Deftereos Spyridon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionEarly arrhythmia recurrence within the 3‐month blanking period is a common event that historically has been attributed to reversible phenomena. While its mechanistic links remain obscure, accumulating evidence support the argument of shortening the blanking period. We aimed to elucidate the association between early and late arrhythmia recurrence after atrial fibrillation cryoablation.MethodsThe MEDLINE database, ClinicalTrials. gov, medRxiv, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies evaluating early and late arrhythmia recurrence rates in patients undergoing cryoablation for atrial fibrillation. Data were pooled by meta‐analysis using a random‐effects model. The primary endpoint was late arrhythmia recurrence.ResultsEarly arrhythmia recurrence was found predictive of decreased arrhythmia‐free survival after evaluating 3975 patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation who underwent cryoablation (odds ratio [OR]: 5.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.75–7.51). This pattern remained unchanged after subanalyzing atrial fibrillation type (paroxysmal; OR: 7.16; 95% CI: 4.40–11.65 and persistent; OR: 7.63; 95% CI: 3.62–16.07) as well as cryoablation catheter generation (first generation; OR: 5.15, 95% CI: 2.39–11.11 and advanced generation; OR: 5.83, 95% CI: 3.68–9.23). Studies permitting antiarrhythmic drug utilization during the blanking period or examining early recurrence as a secondary outcome were found to be a significant source of statistical heterogeneity.ConclusionOur findings suggest that early arrhythmia recurrence is predictive of late outcomes after cryoablation for atrial fibrillation. Identifying which patients deserve earlier reintervention is an open research avenue.
Lower urinary tract symptoms and incident functional limitations among older community‐dwelling men
Authors: Bauer Scott R. , Cawthon Peggy M. , Ensrud Kristine E. , Suskind Anne M. , Newman John C. , Fink Howard A. , Lu Kaiwei , Scherzer Rebecca , Hoffman Andrew R. , Covinsky Kenneth , Marshall Lynn M. ,   For the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are associated with frailty phenotype, a risk factor for functional decline. Our objective was to determine the association between baseline LUTS and 2‐year risk of new functional limitation among older men.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study with baseline at Year 7 and follow‐up through Year 9. Participants included 2716 community‐dwelling men age ≥ 71 years without any baseline self‐reported functional limitation. LUTS severity (American Urologic Association Symptom Index) was classified as none/mild (score 0–7), moderate (8–19), and severe (20–35). At baseline and follow‐up, men reported their ability to complete several mobility, activities of daily living (ADLs), and cognition‐dependent tasks. Risk was estimated for 3 incident functional limitation outcomes: (1) mobility (any difficulty walking 2–3 blocks or climbing 10 steps), (2) ADL (any difficulty bathing, showering, or transferring), and (3) cognition‐dependent (any difficulty managing money or medications). We used Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator to model adjusted risk ratios (ARR) and 95% CIs controlling for age, site, and comorbidities; other demographic/lifestyle factors did not meet criteria for inclusion.ResultsOverall, the 2‐year risk was 15% for mobility, 10% for ADLs, and 4% for cognition‐dependent task limitations. Compared to none/mild LUTS, risk of incident mobility limitations was increased for moderate (ARR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.63) and severe LUTS (ARR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.48, 2.64). Men were also at higher risk for incident ADL limitations if they reported moderate (ARR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.67) and severe LUTS (ARR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.07,2.43). Results were somewhat attenuated after adjusting for the frailty phenotype but remained statistically significant. LUTS were not associated with incident cognition‐dependent task limitations.ConclusionsLUTS severity is associated with incident mobility and ADL limitations among older men. Increased clinical attention to risk of functional limitations among older men with LUTS is likely warranted.
Multi‐scenario simulation on reducing CO2 emissions from China's major manufacturing industries targeting 2060
Authors: Zhou Sheng , Gu Alun , Tong Qing , Guo Yuefeng , Wei Xinyang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCO2 emissions from industrial processes are the main components of global greenhouse gas emissions. Based on analyzing the industrial activity level, technological progress, raw material substitution, and CO2 recycling ratio from the cement, aluminum, ammonia, steel, lime, and ferroalloy industries, this paper considers three scenarios, namely, national determined contribution (NDC), carbon mitigation scenario (CMS), and deep mitigation scenario (DMS), and systematically explores the CO2 emissions from future industrial processes as well as relevant cumulative emissions, emission sources, mitigation potentials, and mitigation sources in China. The results demonstrate that CO2 emissions of the six main industrial processes can be continuously and significantly reduced in China. In the scenarios, compared with the 2020 level (1448 million metric tons of CO2), the CO2 emissions can be reduced by 71%, 82%, and 94%, respectively, in 2060, mainly owing to the reduction of the activity level, the adjustment of the product structure and the application of carbon capture and storage (CCS) under the DMS scenario. This paper provides several major policy implications to reduce the CO2 emissions through adjusting the industrial structure and current lifestyles, improving the durability of industrial products and the management and technical levels, increasing the substitution ratio of low‐carbon raw materials in industrial production, supporting innovative low‐carbon technologies, the establishment and operation of the carbon market and carbon pricing mechanism, and further promoting the current “leader” system of energy‐intensive industries.
Effect of ethnicity, country of origin and workplace on health behaviors and health perception among nurses: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kagan Ilya , Ziv Arnona , Rubin Carmit , Murad Havi , Valinsky Liora , Asman Oren , Tabak Nili , Wilf Miron Rachel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThe study aimed to (1) examine health behaviors and perceived health among nurses; (2) analyze the effect of nurses’ personal and work characteristics on these variables; and (3) explore the relationship between health behaviors and nurses’ health perception.Design and methodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among nurses working in health care organizations (HCOs) across Israel. An email with the online questionnaire was sent to nurses working in 19 HCOs across Israel during September–December 2018.FindingsOf 18,120 nurses employed, 3542 completed the survey. Mean age was 44.8 years, 91% were female), 64.6% were hospital nurses and 52.8% were clinical staff nurses. Two‐thirds of nurses did not achieve the physical activity (PA) target; the majority reported unfavorable eating habits; 66% slept less than 7 h at night and 15% smoke. Hospital nurses working night shifts reported the least favorable health behaviors. Non‐Jewish nurses had less eating habits compared with Jewish nurses. Nurses born in the Former Soviet Union perceived their health as significantly worse than that of the other respondents. Binomial logistic regression demonstrated that, age, Israeli origin, achieving the PA target, having food breaks during work, consuming a Mediterranean diet, sleeping at least 7 h, undergoing screening tests as recommended, and not smoking predicted better health perception among nurses.ConclusionsNurses, particularly hospital‐based, non‐Jewish and immigrants from the Soviet Union, demonstrated unfavorable health behaviors that may negatively affect their wellbeing and health perception.Clinical relevanceInterventions aimed at improving the health promoting mindset of nurses have the potential to improve their health and wellbeing and to enable them to become role models and health educators for patients and their families.
Topical growth factors and home‐based microneedling for facial skin rejuvenation
Authors: Quinlan Daniel J. , Ghanem Ali M. , Hassan Haidar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCosmeceutical products are an important therapeutic option for facial rejuvenation. Of these, topical application of growth factors has been shown to increase dermal collagen synthesis, improve skin texture, and reduce fine lines and wrinkles. Limited data exist for the use of growth factors in combination with microneedling.ObjectiveThis prospective, single‐center, uncontrolled study evaluated the efficacy of topical growth factor treatment in conjunction with transdermal delivery of growth factors via home‐based microneedling for facial skin rejuvenation.Patients/MethodsEleven healthy female individuals aged 33–61 years, with mild‐moderate facial wrinkling were included in the study. Over 3 months, participants received twice‐daily application of a topical recombinant human growth factor preparation (SkinGenuity®Regenerative and Reparative Serums) along with twice‐weekly transdermal delivery of growth factors using a home‐based microneedling (0.2 mm) device. Objective skin analysis (VISIA®) and a subjective patient‐reported outcome (FACE‐Q®) assessment measuring satisfaction with appearance were performed at baseline and after 3 months.ResultsObjective skin analysis showed a significant improvement in skin texture (17.6%,p < 0.001), wrinkles (17.3%,p < 0.001), red areas (12.4%,p =0.004), and brown spots (6.0%,p =0.03) at 3 months follow‐up. FACE‐Q scales showed a significant improvement from baseline, including satisfaction with skin, facial appearance, nasolabial folds, cheeks, and lower face/jawline (allp ≤ 0.02). Numerical improvement in adverse effects related to skin was also observed (p = 0.07). No serious adverse effects were reported.ConclusionsThree months of twice‐daily topical growth factor treatment in conjunction with transdermal delivery of growth factors via microneedling improved skin analysis parameters and participant‐reported outcome measures, indicative of facial skin rejuvenation.
Microfocused ultrasound with visualization: Consensus on safety and review of energy‐based devices
Authors: Pavicic Tatjana , Ballard John R. , Bykovskaya Tatiana , Corduff Niamh , Hirano Cyro , Park Je‐Young , Saromytskaya Alena , Sevi Julia , Vasconcelos Suyan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicrofocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU‐V; Ultherapy®, Merz North America) is US Food and Drug Administration‐cleared as a non‐invasive procedure that lifts the soft tissue of the neck, submentum and brow, and improves lines and wrinkles on the upper chest. Several other energy‐based devices are in use in countries outside the USA where they are marketed for indications similar to those of MFU‐V, although published studies supporting these indications are limited and none of the other devices provides visualization or verification they reach the superficial musculoaponeurotic system.MethodsDue to the evolving landscape of ultrasound technology as more devices enter the market, seven global thought leaders who are qualified experts on the use of various high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)/MFU‐V technologies convened to review data from an independent evaluation of the software, thermal characteristics, transducer acoustics and ultrasound therapy of MFU‐V and three other ultrasound‐based devices.ResultsThe independent testing demonstrated the devices have key differences in several parameters that play a role in safety and effectiveness. Specifically, MFU‐V has visualization capability but the other devices lack that feature. Other differences include the retention of patient history, consistent size and uniformity of thermal coagulation points (TCPs), precise localization of energy concentration at the focal point, and reliable thermal regulation during use. The expert panel established a consensus on the types of preventable complications associated with ultrasound‐based energy devices and techniques for preventing and treating complications.ConclusionsThe independent test results of MFU‐V/HIFU devices and the consensus panel conclusions provide strong support that real‐time visualization and the capability to detect coupling, features found only in MFU‐V, help prevent complications and enhance the safety and effectiveness of energy‐based devices. The independent evaluation also revealed that MFU‐V has several additional features that play key roles in safety and clinical effectiveness, including uniformity of TCPs, tight thermal regulation, large focal gain, and short beam length, that were not found collectively in any of the HIFU devices.
Equal Benefits? An Examination of the Potential Consequences of Later School Start Times for Adolescents and Their Mental Health
Authors: Peltz Jack S. , Buckhalt Joseph A. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDGiven the documented benefits of later school start times on adolescents' mental health, the aim of the current study was to examine if the association between school start times and depressive symptoms differed across adolescents from families of different socioeconomic status levels.METHODSUsing a cross‐sectional design, the current study incorporated an online survey for high school students and their parents across the United States, with average sleep duration measured through a 7‐day sleep diary. A total of 193 adolescent (Meanage = 15.7 years old, SD = .94; 54.4% female; 71% white) and parent (Meanage = 47.6 years old, SD = 5.4; 80% female; 79% white) dyads participated. Adolescents reported on depressive symptoms, sleep quality and duration, chronotype, and demographic covariates; parents reported on school start times and socioeconomic status.RESULTSResults suggested that only in adolescents from higher socioeconomic status families (+1 SD) did the association between later start times and fewer depressive symptoms emerge as significant.CONCLUSIONSAlthough more school start times research is needed to understand its impact across diverse groups of students, current findings suggest a disproportionate benefit of reduced depression for youth from families of higher socioeconomic status with having a later start time.
Influence of environmental factors on the tropical peatlands diazotrophic communities from the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest
Authors: Etto R.M. , Jesus E.C. , Cruz L.M. , Schneider B.S.F. , Tomachewski D. , Urrea-Valencia S. , Gonçalves D.R.P. , Galvão F. , Ayub R.A. , Curcio G.R. , Steffens M.B.R. , Galvão C.W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The tropical peatlands of southern Brazil are essential for the maintenance of the Atlantic Rain Forest, one of the 25 hotspots of biodiversity in the world. Although diazotrophic micro-organisms are essential for the maintenance of this nitrogen limited ecosystem, so far studies have focused only on micro-organisms involved in the carbon cycle. In this work, peat samples were collected from three tropical peatland regions during dry and rainy seasons and their chemical and microbial characteristics were evaluated. Our results showed that the structure of the diazotrophic communities in the Brazilian tropical peatlands differs in the evaluated seasons. The abundance of the genus Bradyrhizobium showed to be affected by rainfall and peat pH. Despite the shifts of the nitrogen-fixing population in the tropical peatland caused by seasonality it showed to be constantly dominated by α-Proteobacteria followed by Cyanobacteria. In addition, more than 50% of nifH gene sequences have not been classified, indicating the necessity for more studies in tropical peatland, since the reduction of N supply in the peatlands stimulates the recalcitrant organic matter decomposition performed by peatland micro-organisms, influencing the C stock.
Machine learning in primary biliary cholangitis: A novel approach for risk stratification
Authors: Gerussi Alessio , Verda Damiano , Bernasconi Davide Paolo , Carbone Marco , Komori Atsumasa , Abe Masanori , Inao Mie , Namisaki Tadashi , Mochida Satoshi , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Hirschfield Gideon , Lindor Keith , Pares Albert , Corpechot Christophe , Cazzagon Nora , Floreani Annarosa , Marzioni Marco , Alvaro Domenico , Vespasiani‐Gentilucci Umberto , Cristoferi Laura , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Muselli Marco , Hansen Bettina E. , Tanaka Atsushi , Invernizzi Pietro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsMachine learning (ML) provides new approaches for prognostication through the identification of novel subgroups of patients. We explored whether ML could support disease sub‐phenotyping and risk stratification in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).MethodsML was applied to an international dataset of PBC patients. The dataset was split into a derivation cohort (training set) and a validation cohort (validation set), and key clinical features were analysed. The outcome was a composite of liver‐related death or liver transplantation. ML and standard survival analysis were performed.ResultsThe training set was composed of 11,819 subjects, while the validation set was composed of 1,069 subjects. ML identified four clusters of patients characterized by different phenotypes and long‐term prognosis. Cluster 1 (n = 3566) included patients with excellent prognosis, whereas Cluster 2 (n = 3966) consisted of individuals at worse prognosis differing from Cluster 1 only for albumin levels around the limit of normal. Cluster 3 (n = 2379) included young patients with florid cholestasis and Cluster 4 (n = 1908) comprised advanced cases. Further sub‐analyses on the dynamics of albumin within the normal range revealed that ursodeoxycholic acid‐induced increase of albumin >1.2 x lower limit of normal (LLN) is associated with improved transplant‐free survival.ConclusionsUnsupervised ML identified four novel groups of PBC patients with different phenotypes and prognosis and highlighted subtle variations of albumin within the normal range. Therapy‐induced increase of albumin >1.2 x LLN should be considered a treatment goal.