bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of acute hematological toxicity by machine learning in gynecologic cancers using postoperative radiotherapy
Authors: Akcay Melek , Etiz Durmus , Celik Ozer , Ozen Alaattin 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The aim of the study is to investigate the factors affecting acute hematologic toxicity (HT) in the adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) of gynecologic cancers by machine learning.

Methods:
Between January 2015 and September 2018, 121 patients with endometrium and cervical cancer who underwent adjuvant RT with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) were evaluated. The relationship between patient and treatment characteristics and acute HT was investigated using machine learning techniques, namely Logistic Regression, XGBoost, Artificial Neural Network, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GaussianNB) algorithms.

Results:
No HT was observed in 11 cases (9.1%) and at least one grade of HT was observed in 110 cases. There were 55 (45.5%) cases with ≤grade 2 HT (mild HT) and 66 (54.5%) cases with grade ≥3 HT (severe HT). None of the patients developed grade 5 HT. Of 24 variables that could affect acute HT, nine were determined as important variables. According to the results, the best machine learning technique for acute HT estimation was SVM (accuracy 70%, area under curve (AUC): 0.65, sensitivity 71.4%, specificity 66.6%). Parameters affecting hematologic toxicity were evaluated also by classical statistical methods and there was a statistically significant relationship between age, RT, and bone marrow (BM) maximum dose.

Conclusion:
It is important to predict the patients who will develop acute HT in order to minimize the side effects of treatment. If these cases can be identified in advance, toxicity rates can be reduced by taking necessary precautions. These cases can be predicted with machine learning algorithms.
Does restricting fluid volume impact post-ERCP pancreatitis in patient with heart disease?
Authors: Tomishima Ko , Ishii Shigeto , Fujisawa Toshio , Yatagai Noboru , Kabemura Daishi , Sato Sho , Amano Nozomi , Murata Ayato , Tsuzura Hironori , Sato Shunsuke , Matsumoto Kouhei , Shimada Yuji , Genda Takuya , Nagahara Akihito , Isayama Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2021

Background:
To investigate patient characteristics and the risk of post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) in association with fluid volume and type during ERCP.

Methods:
Two hundred and forty seven of 480 patients with naïve papilla undergoing therapeutic ERCP between April 2013 and March 2018 were enrolled for the study. The following patient characteristics were investigated: age, sex, body mass index, previous diseases (heart disease, renal failure, cerebrovascular disorders, coexisting malignancy and pulmonary disease), history of PEP, common bile duct diameter, diverticula and volume of fluid infused 24 hours after the procedure. All ERCP cases had naïve papilla and had undergone treatment.

Results:
The incidence of PEP was 8.5%. Significant differences were observed in the volume of fluid infused between patients without and with a history of heart disease (1,380 vs. 1,755 mL). The mean volume of the infused fluid was significantly lower in the PEP than non-PEP group (1,483 vs. 1,688 mL, P = 0.02). Moreover, PEP incidence differed according to a fluid infusion cutoff of 1,000 mL (7 vs. 11 cases of PEP in those with ≦1,000 mL and >1,000 mL fluid volume, respectively, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Restricted fluid volume was a newly identified risk factor for PEP, particularly in patients with heart and renal diseases as comorbidities.
A Pilot Study of Antidepressant Therapy on Sleep Architecture in Patients with Depression in Congo
Authors: Dhillon Harpreet Singh , Sasidharan Shibu 
Published: July 2021

Background:
A pilot prospective cohort study was conducted to study the sleep architecture and correlated perceived sleep disturbances in depressed Congolese patients with objective changes in sleep architecture using polysomnography (PSG) before and after antidepressant therapy.

Methods:
Patients were recruited into the study after applying strict inclusion and exclusion criterion to rule out other comorbidities which could influence sleep. A diagnosis of depressive episode was made based on the International Classification of Diseases-10 Edition DCR. Patients were evaluated using Beck Depressive inventory (BDI) and (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) insomnia subscale on day 1 of admission. Patients also received sleep study using polysomnography on day 3 of the hospitalization. Patients were started on antidepressant treatment after polysomnography. Patients received an eight-week adequate trial of antidepressants, and BDI score being lower than 9 was considered as being remitted from depression. Polysomnography was repeated after that the patients achieved remission. Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal–Wallis test and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results:
The study results showed that significantly improved polysomnographic findings existed in total sleep time (p < 0.001), sleep efficiency (p < 0.001), wake after sleep onset (p < 0.001), and percentage wake time (p < 0.001) after taking antidepressants. HAM-D insomnia subscale was correlated with total sleep time (p < 0.001), sleep efficiency (p < 0.001), wake after sleep onset (p < 0.001), total wake time (p < 0.001), and N2 stage percentage (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Antidepressant treatment effectively improved sleep architecture in depressive disorder. HAM-D insomnia subscale was correlated with objective findings of total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, as well as total wake time and duration of N2 stage of nonrapid eye movement (NREM).
The Association between Depression or Stress and Internet Addiction
Authors: Vishwakarma Akash , Sharma Manoj Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
In the current study, we intended to examine the association between affective states (depression, stress, and anxiety) and Internet addiction (IA).

Methods:
The study sample consisted of 291 individuals with the age of 18–40 years. We used an online survey on study participants with the IA Scale (20 items) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21.

Results:
The mean age ± standard deviation of the sample was 23.58 ± 4.40 years. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that depression (p < 0.001) and stress (p < 0.01) significantly contributed to IA. Anxiety did not significantly contribute to IA.

Conclusion:
This study showed that depression and stress were related to Internet use. This finding implies the need for early identifying depression and stress for giving an appropriate intervention for the individuals with IA.
Mental Health Services and Research and Development in South Korea
Authors: Chung Young-Chul , Park Subin , Roh Sungwon , Lee Bomi , Lee Youngmin , Rami Fatima Zahra , Li Ling , Shen Jie 
Published: July 2021

Background:
South Korea or the Republic of Korea has an area of 100,412.6 km2, and population of 52 million (51,781,000).

Methods:
Besides our lifetime experiences in receiving training, teaching, and practicing psychiatry, the authors collected information from the literature pertinent to the mental health care in South Korea. This review is intended to familiarize the readers of the Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry with the information of mental health-care service as well as research and development (R and D) in South Korea.

Results:
Despite consistent improvement in the overall health status in Korea, the mental health status of the population is low compared with other countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). For example, Korea has the highest suicide-related mortality and more years of life lost due to mental/behavioral diseases, compared to those of the average and a longer-than-average duration of hospital stay, respectively, of the OECD. Conversely, the government has made efforts to overhaul the mental health system. Several remarkable changes have been made in the areas of community-based service, involuntary admission, and unequal treatment.

Conclusion:
The mental health status is closely associated with the mental health service system, prevalence of mental disorders, health insurance system, admission system, and R and D budget for mental health. To change attitudes related to mental health, strong leadership among mental health professionals is urgently needed.
Performance of Translog and Cobb-Douglas models in the estimation of technical efficiency of Irish potato production in Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Uche C.O. , Umar H.S. , Girei A.A. , Ibrahim H.Y. 
Published: July 2021

The study compared the performance of Cobb-Douglas and Translog frontier models in the analysis of technical efficiency in Irish potato production in Plateau State. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 180 respondents for the study. Data were analyzed using stochastic frontier model in the Cobb-Douglas and the Translog functional forms. Results revealed that farm size and seed had positive and significant coefficients under the Cobb-Douglas model. However, estimated Translog model showed that, while farm size and labour had negative relationships with output, fertilizer had a positive relationship. The elasticity estimates from both frontier models show that Irish potato farmers were operating at an increasing return to scale. The mean technical efficiency estimates were 68% and 59% for Cobb-Douglas and Translog models respectively. Hypothesis testing showed that there was a significant difference in the technicalefficiency estimates between the Cobb-Douglas and Translog frontier models. The inefficiency estimates revealed that education, household size and extension reduced inefficiency while farming experience increased inefficiency under the Cobb-Douglas model. None of the socioeconomics variables analysed in the Translog model for inefficiency was significant. It is recommended that training of the farmers on the optimum rate of input utilization and combination should be organized. The Cobb-Douglas model provided better results, in terms of economic and statistical properties of the coefficients, and therefore recommended for the estimation of technical efficiency of Irish potato farms in the study area.
Key words: Cobb-Douglas, performance, technical efficiency, translog
Does credit utilization lead to increasing farm outcome? a micro-perspective of tea production from Rwanda
Authors: Kabayiza A. , Owuor G. , Langat K.J. , Mugenzi P. , Niyitanga F. 
Published: July 2021

Credit is a crucial factor for tea growers to pay for physical farm inputs mainly input fertilizers, research and development of high yielding tea clones and labour in order to improve the production of green tea leaf and to meet factories’ demand for raw materials. However, mismanagement of accessed credits by farmers has been reported among the snags affecting the sector development. The study analyzed the determinants and impact of credit utilization on farm income among smallholder tea growers in Nyaruguru District, Rwanda. Crosssectional tea household level data were collected from 358 farmers randomly selected from tea cooperatives. The credit utilization and causal effect were estimated using the Endogenous Switching Regression model. Results showed a positive and significant relationship between credit utilization and tea farm income. Precisely, the causal effect of credit is a 7% increase in tea income for farmers who utilised credit for tea production, while its potential effect is up to a 55% decrease in tea income for those who divert credit for out-off tea production uses. Furthermore, training on good agricultural practices and credit management, cost of farm inputs, labour and access to group credit significantly influence utilization of credit for tea production. However, the size of credit (cash) and off-farm businesses significantly increase the diversion of credit and level of tea farm income. Tea farmers are encouraged to use tea credits for planned projects. Sensitizing farmers to procure farm input fertilizers in bulk through cooperatives should be vigorously pursued to discourage credit diversion.
Key words: tea credits, tea farming households, farm income, endogenous switching regression
Plant powders protect stored wheat from infestation by lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (fabricius) (Bostrichidae: Coleoptera)
Authors: Negbenebor H.E. , Makanjuola W.A. , Nura S. 
Published: July 2021

Rhyzopertha dominica (Bostrichidae: Coleoptera) is one of the most serious devastating insect pests attacking stored wheat grains in Nigeria. The most common strategy adopted in controlling this insect pest is the application of synthetic pesticides which is costly, toxic to non-target organisms and is non eco-friendly. Botanical pesticides are recently used as alternatives to synthetic pesticides due to their non-hazardous effect on the environment and non-target organisms, cost effectiveness and direct impacts on the target organisms. This study was carried out to determine the toxicity of leaf powders obtained from three species of plants: Ageratum conyzoides, Momordica charantia and Tephrosia vogelii in the control of R. dominica infestation on stored wheat grains. Five doses (0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00 and 8.00 g) per 20.00 g were measured from the powdered leaves of the tested plants with ethanol treatment as the control (0.00 g 20.00 g-1). The powdered doses were applied onto wheat grains before the insects were introduced. The experiment was laid down in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The data obtained was analyzed using analysis of variance at 5% probability level with Least Significant Difference used to separate the means. The results showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences in the magnitude of toxicity imparted by various doses of the powders on R. dominica. The treatments influence high rate of mortality, reduced number of laid eggs and emerged adults when compared with the control. The toxicity of the powders increased with increase in dosage. It was concluded that 8.00 g 20.00 g-1 of the powders were more toxic to R. dominica, inducing 28.00-77.30% insects’ mortality thereby protecting grain damage to as low as 1.04% at 6th month of storage. T. vogelii leaf powders were recommended for use against R. dominica in stored wheat grains.
Key words: botanicals, dose, lesser grain borer, wheat
Türk Ve Arap Yakınlaşmasının Stratejik Önemi
Authors: BOZAN Mahmut 
Published: July 2021

Fizikteki merkez ve merkezkaç kuvvetlerinin kütleye etkilerinin benzerini uluslararası ilişkilerde merkezî güçler arasında savrulan devlet ve devletçikler şeklinde görmek mümkündür. Merkezî güç zayıfladıkça merkezkaç kuvvetlerin çekim alanı tehdidi başlamakta ve bu alana giren ülke ve devletler kaos ve kargaşadan kurtulamamaktadır. Siyasi tarih içinde bu konuyla ilgili hacimli bölümler bulmak mümkündür. Mesela Selçuklu Devleti’nin Moğol âfeti sonrasındaki durumu tarihe “tavaif-i müluk” olarak geçen bir kargaşa döneminin adı olup, ancak Osmanlı Devleti gibi güçlü bir merkezî kuvvetin tarih sahnesine çıkması ile bertaraf edilebilmiştir.
Küresel bir siyasî güç olan Osmanlı Devleti’nin Birinci Cihan Harbi ile tarih sahnesinden silinmesi de farklı bir tavaif-i müluk tablosunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. İslâm Dünyası’nın bu merkezî gücü geriye çekilince Batılı güçlerin çekim alanına giren İslâm ülkeleri bir müddet sonra sureten bağımsızlıklarını kazanmış olsalar da gerçekte Batılı güçlerin kontrolü altından çıkamamışlardır. Batılı güçler tarafından kaynakları insafsızca sömürülen bu ülkelerin merkezî bir güç teşkil ederek kendi çekim alanlarından kaçmaması için de düşmanlıklar ve ihtilaf noktaları icat edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ABD menşeli Büyük Ortadoğu Projesi’nin alacağı şekil ile Türk-Arap yakınlaşmasının “Ortadoğu sorunu” olarak adlandırılan meseleyi çözme gücü ele alınacaktır.
Spanish Football Managers and Zonal Marking in the Nineties: From Wise Old Men to Football Engineers
Authors: García Carlos 
Published: July 2021

This research aims to improve current knowledge on managers’ professional culture and practices through the study of how tactical requirements, and specifically the introduction of zonal marking in the 80’s and 90’s, transformed professional football managers training methods, their professional competences and requirements. In order to do so, 23 semi-estructured interviews were conducted with Spanish first división La Liga professional managers and footballers. Spanish managers in the 80’s enjoyed a traditional authority and disregarded formal instruction and knowledge. However, the tactical complexity emerged through the zonal marking system and the training methods evolution from physical to tactically focused generated a new kind of abstract knowledge and new pedagogical and group managing skills mandatory to achieve success and manage the group.
THE IMPACT OF SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT ON TEACHERS’ JOB SATISFACTION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Bahtilla Marinette , Hui Xu 
Published: July 2021

<p>This quantitative correlational study examined the relationship between the school environment and teachers’ job satisfaction. The study focused on finding the extent to which four predictors of the school environment (teachers’ collaboration, motivation, instructional materials, and teachers’ participation in decision making) predict teachers’ job satisfaction. Besides, the study also aimed at determining which variable is the best predictor of teachers’ job satisfaction. This study was guided by the following research questions: (1) To what extent does teachers’ collaboration influence their job satisfaction? (2) To what extent does teachers’ participation in decision-making influences their job satisfaction? (3) To what extent does motivation influence teachers’ job satisfaction? (4) To what extent do instructional materials influence teachers’ job satisfaction? The simple random sampling technique was used for this study. The sample population was made up of all 550 teachers in 15 public secondary schools, 320 females and 230 males. A questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. The instrument’s validity and reliability were ensured. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Pearson product-moment correlation was used to determine the relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Simple linear regression was used to determine the amount of variance in the dependent variable accounted for by each independent variable. In addition, a multiple regression was used to assess the ability of four control measures to predict teachers’ job satisfaction and to find out which of the independent variables is the best predictor of teachers’ job satisfaction. The study found out that all the independent variables make a unique and statistically significant contribution to predicting teachers’ job satisfaction. The model explains 84.9% of the variance in teachers’ job satisfaction. Teachers’ participation in decision-making made the largest contribution (Beta= .626). This reveals that teachers’ participation in decision-making is the best predictor of teachers’ job satisfaction, followed by motivation (Beta= .532). This study provides useful findings which have implications for school leaders and policy-makers.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0750/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
EXAMINATION OF THE GAME PERCEPTION OF THIRD AND FOURTH GRADE PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH VARIOUS TECHNIQUES NON-CONTACT GAMES / İLKOKUL ÜÇÜNCÜ VE DÖRDÜNCÜ SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN OYUN ALGISININ ÇEŞİTLİ TEKNİKLERLE İNCELENMESİ VE TEMASSIZ OYUN UYGULAMALARI
Authors: İlgar Şengül , Seçgin Merve Gül 
Published: July 2021

<p>The objective of this study is to ensure that the perception of game and non-contact game of third and fourth grade primary school students is revealed by using interviewing, mind map techniques and to create non-contact game applications for primary school third and fourth grade students for the duration of the current Covid-19 epidemic disease process. The study was designed as a case study, which is one of the qualitative study patterns. The study group consisted of forty children attending the third and fourth grades of primary school. The data of the study were collected using interview form and mind map technique. Content analysis was used to analyze the data obtained within the scope of the study. The examination of findings obtained from the studied indicates that the game is a fun activity for most of the children. Children play games to relieve boredom and have fun. When playing games, many positive and negative things are felt. While some of the children do not have any information about the non-contact game, some perceive the non-contact game as games played without touching the friend. </p><p> </p><p>Bu araştırmada, ilkokul üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin oyun ve temassız oyun algısını görüşme, zihin haritası tekniklerini kullanılarak ortaya konulmasını sağlamak ve içerisinde bulunulan Covid-19 salgın hastalık sürecinde ilkokul üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerine yönelik temassız oyun uygulamaları oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışmasına göre desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu ilkokul üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıfa devam eden kırk çocuk oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri görüşme formu ve zihin haritası tekniği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen verileri analiz etmek için içerik analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara bakıldığında; oyunun çocukların büyük bir kısmı için eğlenceli bir aktivite olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çocuklar can sıkıntısını gidermek ve eğlenmek için oyun oynamaktadırlar. Oyun oynarken olumlu ve olumsuz birçok şey hissedilmektedir. Çocukların bir kısmı temassız oyunla ilgili herhangi bir bilgiye sahip değilken bir kısmı ise temassız oyunu arkadaşa dokunmadan oynanan oyunlar şeklinde algılamaktadırlar. </p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0760/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>